gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Camera Selection for Adaptive Human-Computer Interface (2013)

Video analytics has become a very important topic in computer vision. This paper introduces advanced video analytics human-computer interfaces for a video surveillance system to ease the tasks of security operators. The visualization of the most relevant views is provided by the human-computer interface module that preemptively activates cameras that will probably cover the motion of interesting objects. Human-computer interaction principles have been considered to develop the novel user interface. Four prototypes have been designed and usability performance has been evaluated, exploiting standard methods. Results obtained from such evaluations show the efficiency of the novel information visualization technique.
SP 800-144. Guidelines on Security and Privacy in Public Cloud Computing (2011)

Rarely, DM2 may also manifest in the liver with elevated transaminases, steatosis or non-alcoholic, non-hepatitic liver cirrhosis with its common complications. In patients with cryptogenic non-alcoholic, non-hepatitic liver cirrhosis or cataract before age 50 years, DM2 should be excluded.
Referencing strategies and techniques in stable isotope ratio analysis (2001)

Stable isotope ratios are reported in the literature in terms of a deviation from an international standard (delta-values). The referencing procedures, however, differ from instrument to instrument and are not consistent between measurement facilities. This paper reviews an attempt to unify the strategy for referencing isotopic measurements. In particular, emphasis is given to the importance of identical treatment of sample and reference material ('IT principle'), which should guide all isotope ratio determinations and evaluations. The implementation of the principle in our laboratory, the monitoring of our measurement quality, the status of the international scales and reference materials and necessary correction procedures are discussed.
Measurement of Ammonia in Human Breath with a Liquid-Film Conductivity Sensor (2006)

Measurement of breath NH3 is of interest in clinical applications as it can be used as a measure of kidney/liver functions as well as halitosis. We have developed a liquid-film conductivity sensor to measure NH3 in human breath. A film of dilute H2SO4 is formed on the top of two metal capillary tubes placed in a concentric annular arrangement. The tube exterior has been specially treated to render it hydrophilic. As breath passes over the sensor tip, the film collects NH3 and the solution conductivity (measured by the concentric capillaries functioning as electrodes) decreases accordingly. This initial rate of conductivity decrease was determined to be the best metric (most rapid and least dependent on breath pCO2) for ammonia, relative to time to attain complete neutralization (conductivity minimum) or the final rate of conductivity increase as more ammonia dissolves after neutralization. The absorbing solution composition was optimized so that CO2 does not interfere. Both dynamic measurement using mask sampling and offline balloon sampling were performed. Ammonia readily absorbs on surfaces when significant concentrations of water vapor are present. As such, memory effects are common when analyzing human breath for ammonia. This problem was successfully eliminated. The results from this sensor agreed well with data obtained by a solution-phase fluorometric technique using a porous membrane diffusion scrubber and o-phthalaldehyde derivatization chemistry. For breath CO2 measurement, the applicability of a similar sensor that relies on a NaOH film was also demonstrated.
Screen‐print selective diffusions for high‐efficiency industrial silicon solar cells (2007)

Abstract Screen‐print diffusion pastes present an industrially applicable alternative to conventional techniques of dopant deposition. Several commercially available screen‐print dopant pastes are assessed for their suitability in forming heavy selective diffusions for use under metal contacts in silicon solar cells. Pastes are assessed in terms of their ease of application, their ability to form heavy diffusions with low sheet resistances, and their ability to maintain high post‐diffusion wafer lifetimes. Potential for the use of dopant pastes in high‐efficiency solar cell devices is investigated using photoconductance (PC) measurements and photoluminescence (PL) images. It is found that under certain conditions, screen‐print dopant pastes, particularly phosphorus paste, have potential to form effective selective diffusions without significantly compromising performance in high‐efficiency solar cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NOM-a tool for optimal design and performance evaluation of routing strategies and its application to the Telenet network (2003)

A network optimization model (NOM) that provides a tool for performance analysis and optimal design of a broad class of routing strategies is presented. It can evaluate and optimize both static and dynamic, local and global routing strategies. The tool is applicable to both packet-switched and circuit-switched networks. NOM software is based on original modeling methods and optimization algorithms. It is user-friendly and menu-driven, and has extensive 'what if' capabilities. NOM can be used for performance evaluation of existing routing strategy and for optimal routing design for a given performance criterion. As a performance evaluation tool, for a given network topology, link and node capacities, point-to-point demand matrix, and routing strategy, NOM models the routing and computes important characteristics of network performance. As a routing optimization tool, for a given network topology, link and node capacities, point-to-point demand matrix, and performance criterion, NOM generates the optimal routing, and computes important characteristics of network performance. The current Telenet local dynamic routing strategy is compared with a set of optimal routing strategies designed for various performance criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct current magnetron sputtered W–AlN cermet solar absorber films (1997)

W–AlN cermet selective surfaces have been investigated using a special direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering technology. During the deposition of the W–AlN cermet layer, both Al and W targets were run simultaneously in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen. The total sputtering gas pressure was 1 Pa and the reactive nitrogen gas partial pressure was chosen at 2.5×10−2 Pa, which is beyond the transition point from metal phase to dielectric phase in the deposited material. The ceramic AlN component was deposited by dc reactive sputtering and the metallic W component by dc sputtering due to the excellent nitriding resistance of metallic tungsten. By substrate movement a multi-sublayer system, consisting of alternating W and AlN sublayers, was deposited. This deposited multi-sublayer system can be considered as a macro-homogeneous W–AlN cermet layer with metal volume fraction determined by controlling the thickness of the sublayers. W–AlN cermet selective surfaces with a double cermet layer film structure were deposited. The typical film structure from surface to bottom substrate is an AlN anti-reflection layer on a double W–AlN cermet layer on an Al metal infrared reflection layer. A solar absorptance of 0.92–0.94 with emittance of 0.03–0.05 at room temperature and 0.08–0.10 at 350°C has been achieved for such W–AlN cermet selective surfaces. The W–AlN cermet has excellent thermal stability in vacuum at high operating temperature.
The effects of electronic beam radiation on tin dioxide gas sensors (2005)

In this paper the effects of electron beam irradiation on the gas sensing performance of SnO/sub 2/ thin films toward NO/sub 2/ are studied. The SnO/sub 2/ thin films were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Results show the sensitivity increased after electron beam irradiation.
Bayesian Affect Control Theory (2013)

Affect Control Theory is a mathematical representation of the interactions between two persons, in which it is posited that people behave in a way so as to minimize the amount of deflection between their cultural emotional sentiments and the transient emotional sentiments that are created by each situation. Affect Control Theory presents a maximum likelihood solution in which optimal behaviours or identities can be predicted based on past interactions. Here, we formulate a probabilistic and decision theoretic model of the same underlying principles, and show this to be a generalisation of the basic theory. The model is more expressive than the original theory, as it can maintain multiple hypotheses about behaviours and identities simultaneously as a probability distribution. This allows the model to generate affectively believable interactions with people by learning about their identity and predicting their behaviours. We demonstrate this generalisation with a set of simulations. We then show how our model can be used as an emotional "plug-in" for systems that interact with humans. We demonstrate human-interactive capability by building a simple intelligent tutoring application and pilot-testing it in an experiment with 20 participants.
Email answering assistance by semi-supervised text classification (2004)

Many individuals, organizations, and companies have to answer large amounts of emails. Often, many of these emails contain variations of relatively few frequently asked questions. We address the problem of predicting which of several frequently used
Multivalent Binding of Carbohydrates by the Human α-Defensin, HD5 (2009)

Four of the six human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human alpha-defensin 5; HD5) have a lectin-like ability to bind glycosylated proteins. Using HD5 as a model, we applied surface plasmon resonance techniques to gain insights into this property. HD5 bound natural glycoproteins > neoglycoproteins based on BSA > nonglycosylated BSA >> free sugars. The affinity of HD5 for simple sugars covalently bound to BSA was orders of magnitude greater than its affinity for the same sugars in solution. The affinity of HD5 for protein-bound carbohydrates resulted from multivalent interactions which may also involve noncarbohydrate residues of the proteins. HD5 showed concentration-dependent self-association that began at submicromolar concentrations and proceeded to dimer and tetramer formation at concentrations below 5 microM. The (R9A, R28A) and (R13A, R32A) analogs of HD5 showed greatly reduced self-association as well as minimal binding to BSA and to BSA-affixed sugars. From this and other evidence, we conclude that the extensive binding of HD5 to (neo)glycoproteins results from multivalent nonspecific interactions of individual HD5 molecules with carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate moieties of the target molecule and that the primary binding events are magnified and enhanced by subsequent in situ assembly and oligomerization of HD5. Self-association and multivalent binding may play integral roles in the ability of HD5 to protect against infections caused by viruses and other infectious agents.
Turbocharged Flex Fuel Vehicles with Virtual Ethanol Content Identification (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The identification of fuel blends using software strategies and the oxygen sensor are widely known for flex fuel and naturally aspirated engines in Brazil, since its first launch in 2003. It represents a cost effective alternative to identify the ethanol content in the fuel, which is being used in the combustion, with an accurate performance and reduced complexity. With the introduction of flex fuel vehicles equipped with turbocharger, especially the ones with Direct Injection (DI) technology, an ethanol sensor as an additional product has been used so far to identify the ethanol content in the fuel blend. Such engine types may be more sensitive to fuel mixture deviations, since it works with higher loads, more combustion chamber pressure and an extended temperature range in comparison with the normally aspirated applications. Due to these reasons, worst-case scenarios with high ethanol content deviation could cause damage to the engine and exhaust hardware. This paper aims to analyze the challenges of different system architectures and to present the results of adopting a fuel blend identification strategy in a flex fuel turbocharged engine without an ethanol sensor, such as its accuracy and performance.</div></div>
The role of autophagy in <i>β</i> ‐cell lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes (2010)

Autophagy, a ubiquitous catabolic pathway involved in both cell survival and cell death, has been implicated in many age-associated diseases. Recent findings have shown autophagy to be crucial for proper insulin secretion and β-cell viability. Transgenic mice lacking autophagy in their β-cells showed decreased β-cell mass and suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several studies showed that stress can stimulate autophagy in β-cells: the number of autophagosomes is increased in different in vivo models for diabetes, such as db/db mice, mice fed high-fat diet, pdx-1 knockout mice, as well as in in vitro models of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Pharmacological and molecular inhibition of autophagy increases the susceptibility to cell stress, suggesting that autophagy protects against diabetes-relevant stresses. Recent findings, however, question these conclusions. Pancreases of diabetics and β-cells exposed to fatty acids show accumulation of abnormal autophagosome morphology and suppression of lysosomal gene expression suggesting impairment in autophagic turnover. In this review we attempt to give an overview of the data generated by others and by us in view of the possible role of autophagy in diabetes, a role which depending on the conditions, could be beneficial or detrimental in coping with stress.
Clinical study of PEI combined with HIFU for treating unresectable middle and advanced stages of primary liver cancer (2015)

Objective To investigate whether the percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)under sedation and analgesia can increase the energy deposition and curative efficiency of the high intensity focused ultrsound(HIFU)in treating unresectable middle and advanced stages of primary liver cancer.Methods Thirty-six cases of clinically diagnosed unresectable middle and advanced stages of primary liver cancer were randomly divided into the PEI+HIFU group(combination group,n=23)and the simple HIFU group(HIFU group,n=13);10mL of the mixture of 99.7%ethanol and iodized oil(9:1)was given by intratumoral injection at 30 min before ablation in the PEI+HIFU group,while 0.9% physiological saline 10 mL was replaced in the simple HIFU group.The ablation energy efficiency factor(EEF)and irradiation time were compared between the two groups.Results The ablation EEF in the PEI+HIFU group and the simple HIFU group were(13.82+4.26)J/mm3 and(25.63+6.31)J/mm3 respectively,the PEI+HIFU group was significantly lower than the simple HIFU group(P0.05);the irradiation time were(1 468.28+253.21)s and(2 352.56+463.34)s respectively;which in the PEI+HIFU group was significantly shortened(P0.05).Conclusion PEI can enhance the HIFU ablation energy deposition and improve the efficiency of HIFU for treating unresectable primary liver cancer.
To operate or not on elderly patients with aortic stenosis: the decision and its consequences (1999)

In daily practice, elderly patients with clinically relevant symptomatic aortic stenosis are often denied surgical treatment. This study indicates that a surgical approach, especially where there is impaired systolic left ventricular function, is associated with better survival.
Sol—Gel Preparation of Optically Clear Supported Thin-Film Glasses Embodying Laser Dyes (1992)

Fast sol-gel processes are facilitated by the direct reaction of alkoxysilane monomers with water at 60-80°C, using near-stoichiometric water-to-siloxane ratios. Following partial polymerization and distilling-out of the produced alcohol within several minutes, the viscous polymer is spin-cast onto a support. The facile polymerization and crosslinking processes of the glass-film, typically 10-25µm thick, are completed within a few hours at 60-70°C, enabling preparation and measurements on the same day. No additive or surfactant is required to eliminate the typical fracturing of the glasses during the fast curing step. The process is carried out with single layer, as well as with multilayered assemblies of varying indices of refraction and total thickness up to 50µm. Chromophore-encaging glasses are attained by introduction of laser-dye into the reaction mixture. Minor tuning of the process is needed for different dyes. The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the laser-dyes embodied in the glasses are typical of monomeric chromophores, only slightly shifted to the red, even at high concentrations of the dyes (>10-2 M). The convenience of this fast and facile method provides a promising route for non-linear optics applications such as a two-dimensional dye laser system.
Novel narrowband fibre-optic microwave filter (1986)

It is shown that by connecting in series two fibre-optic filter bundles containing n and m fibres, respectively, the overall response can be equivalent to that of one filter bundle containing n × m fibres, rather than n + m. This greatly simplifies the fabrication and collection optics of narrowband filters, and simultaneously improves their efficiency and fidelity.
Incremental computation of nested relational query expressions (1995)

Efficient algorithms for incrementally computing nested query expressions do not exist. Nested query expressions are query expressions in which selection/join predicates contain subqueries. In order to respond to this problem, we propose a two-step strategy for incrementaly computing nested query expressions. In step (1), the query expression is transformed into an equivalent unnested flat query expression. In step (2), the flat query expression is incrementally computed. To support step (1), we have developed a very concise algebra-to-algebra transformation algorithm, and we have formally proved its correctness. The flat query expressions resulting from the transformation make intensive use of the relational set-difference operator. To support step (2), we present and analyze an efficient algorithm for incrementally computing set differences based on view pointer caches. When combined with existing incremental algorithms for SPJ queries, our incremental set-difference algorithm can be used to compute the unnested flat query expressions efficiently. It is important to notice that without our incremental set-difference algorithm the existing incremental algorithms for SPJ queries are useless for any query involving the set-difference operator, including queries that are not the result of unnesting nested queries.
White OLED devices and processes for lighting applications (2010)

In these days, the basic performances of white OLEDs are dramatically improved and application of OLEDs to "Lighting" is expected to be true in the near future. We have developed various technologies for OLED lighting with the aid of the Japanese governmental project, "High-efficiency lighting based on the organic light-emitting mechanism." In this project, a white OLED with high efficiency (37 lm/W) and high quality emission characteristics (CRI of 95 with a small variation of chromaticity in different directions and chromaticity just on the black-body radiation curve) applicable to "Lighting" was realized by a two-unit structure with a fluorescent deep blue emissive unit and a phosphorescent green and red emissive unit. Half-decay lifetime of this white OLED at 1,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> was over 40,000 h. A heat radiative, thin encapsulation structure (less than 1 mm) realized a very stable emission at high luminance of over 3,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. A new deposition source with a hot-wall and a rate controllable valve was developed. Thickness uniformity within +/- 3% at high deposition rate of over 8 nm/s, high material utilization of over 70 %, and repeatable deposition rate controllability were confirmed.
Increased plasma levels of endothelin 1 and von Willebrand factor in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. (2000)

Compared with hypercholesterolemic patients, type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia have increased levels of ET-1 and vWF which may indicate more pronounced endothelial injury. These findings appear to be related to components of the insulin resistance syndrome.
The Use of PET for Radiotherapy (2007)

The rapidly growing field of PET imaging is providing new opportunities to define target volumes for radiotherapy. For multiple disease sites, PET has become a tool to provide a way to locate the most rapidly metabolizing portions of the lesion mass and to detect unsuspected metastases over conventional CT imaging. This made PET a desirable imaging modality for radiotherapy treatment planning. In addition to improved staging and target definition, radiotherapy has benefitted from the use of PET as a therapy response tool. Introduction of combined PET/CT units has accelerated the proliferation of PET into treatment planning. Today there are many radiation therapy departments either has a PET scanner of their own or access to PET images. We are, now, in the era of solving problems of PET imaging for smooth integration into radiotherapy. However, in the future we will be beyond hyper-metabolic tissue characterization and incorporation of this information into functional treatment planning. New lesion markers under development in animal models today will inevitably be translated into clinical studies. With advances in computer and biotechnology, in the near future, it may be possible to give a cocktail of tracers to patients so as to generate multi-dimensional information, to further improve the radiobiological characterization of the target volume for consideration in the radiation treatment planning. This review provides an introduction to the subject of the use of PET for radiotherapy for clinicians. It also outlines todays and tomorrows challenges for successful integration of PET imaging into radiotherapy.
Architecture of a Full-length Retroviral Integrase Monomer and Dimer, Revealed by Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Chemical Cross-linking (2011)

We determined the size and shape of full-length avian sarcoma virus (ASV) integrase (IN) monomers and dimers in solution using small angle x-ray scattering. The low resolution data obtained establish constraints for the relative arrangements of the three component domains in both forms. Domain organization within the small angle x-ray envelopes was determined by combining available atomic resolution data for individual domains with results from cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry. The full-length dimer architecture so revealed is unequivocally different from that proposed from x-ray crystallographic analyses of two-domain fragments, in which interactions between the catalytic core domains play a prominent role. Core-core interactions are detected only in cross-linked IN tetramers and are required for concerted integration. The solution dimer is stabilized by C-terminal domain (CTD-CTD) interactions and by interactions of the N-terminal domain in one subunit with the core and CTD in the second subunit. These results suggest a pathway for formation of functional IN-DNA complexes that has not previously been considered and possible strategies for preventing such assembly.
A volumetric model‐based 2D to 3D registration method for measuring kinematics of natural knees with single‐plane fluoroscopy (2010)

A new volumetric model-based 2D to 3D registration method has been developed for measuring 3D in vivo kinematics of natural knee joints with single-plane fluoroscopy. With the equipment used in the current study, the accuracy of the WEMS method is considered acceptable for the measurement of the 3D kinematics of the natural knee in clinical applications.