gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
离子存储、冷却及在量子频标中的应用 (2011)

This paper reviews the basic principles of ion storage and cooling in the first place, and presents simulation result using a molecular dynamics method on ion distribution and RF heating rate. Based on this result, we evaluate the influence of RF heating effect and micromotions of the ions on frequency standards. Compared to conventional quadrupole trap, a 12-pole trap is able to reduce the RF heating rate of the ion cloud and to enable narrowing the linewidth with the Ramsey method. Moreover, the effective potential in the 12-pole trap has a flat bottom and a steep wall, which is capable of reducing the second order Doppler effect caused by the micromotions and thus helpful to enhance the accuracy and stability of the clock. At last, we review previous work of JPL on high performance, 199Hg+ ion clocks and our present work of laser-cooled, 113Cd+ ion clock based on the multipole trap.
Instruments to Measure Strength (1955)

Abstract The various devices which have been used to measure human strength during the past 250 years are illustrated and their principle of operation described. An effort was made to select instruments which were unique when first employed or which were radical modifications of original devices. Only the early investigators are mentioned in connection with any single instrument.
Injection Moulding of Titanium Metal and AW- PMMA Composite Powders (2005)

Complex / Intricate and near-net shape forming advantages of Powder Injection Moulding (PIM) has led to this process being applied to metals, ceramics as well as composites processing. In the present work, biocomposites containing bioglass ceramic Apatite Wollastonite (AW) and Polymethamethacrylate (PMMA) were processed successfully using PIM. The composites with composition varying from 10-40% PMMA were tested for modulus of rupture (MOR). The density of these composites was in the range 1.3-1.5 g/cc. Pure titanium was also injection moulded and the process parameters such as pressure, temperature etc. were optimized.
Evaluation of novel whole-body high-resolution rodent SPECT (Linoview) based on direct acquisition of linogram projections. (2005)

The phantom studies showed a clear improvement of the spatial resolution over the results reported in the literature with other dedicated small-animal SPECT systems, especially in cold-rod phantom studies. The increased performance can be ascribed to the high stability of the system with regard to the statistical noise present in the acquired data. The mouse studies showed that this system will be most useful for in vivo high-resolution SPECT and quantitative biodistribution studies in rodents, even with medium-energy radioisotopes that are difficult to image, such as (111)In.
Identification of MAPK Phosphorylation Sites and Their Role in the Localization and Activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (2006)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) controls the expression of most genes induced by hypoxic conditions. Regulation of expression and activity of its inducible subunit, HIF-1alpha, involves several post-translational modifications. To study HIF-1alpha phosphorylation, we have used human full-length recombinant HIF-1alpha as a substrate in kinase assays. We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 MAPK, can modify HIF-1alpha. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated HIF-1alpha by mass spectroscopy revealed residues Ser-641 and Ser-643 as possible MAPK phosphorylation sites. Site-directed mutagenesis of these residues reduced significantly the phosphorylation of HIF-1alpha. When these mutant forms of HIF-1alpha were expressed in HeLa cells, they exhibited much lower transcriptional activity than the wild-type form. However, expression of the same mutants in yeast revealed that their capacity to stimulate transcription was not significantly compromised. Localization of the green fluorescent protein-tagged HIF-1alpha mutants in HeLa cells showed their exclusion from the nucleus in contrast to wild-type HIF-1alpha. Treatment of the cells with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of the major exportin CRM1, reversed this exclusion and led to nuclear accumulation and partial recovery of the activity of the HIF-1alpha mutants. Moreover, inhibition of the MAPK pathway by PD98059 impaired the phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and activity of wild-type GFP-HIF-1alpha. Overall, these data suggest that phosphorylation of Ser-641/643 by MAPK promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1alpha by blocking its CRM1-dependent nuclear export.
REVIEW Colon Cancer : An Approach from Molecular Epidemiology (1993)

The number of colon cancer death in 1990 was 7,791 (6% of all deaths) in males and 7,718 (8% of all deaths) in females in Japan. Both incidence and mortality rates of colon cancer is steadily increasing in Japan both in males and females, although that of rectal cancer remained stationally (Fig. The incidence rate of colon cancer in 1985, adjusted to modified 1985 population in Japan, was 24.3/100,000 for males and 17.2/100,000 for females, and that of rectal cancer was 17.2 for males and 10.7 for females. The mortality rate of colon cancer was 10.8 and 8.3, and that of rectal cancer was 8.9 and 4.9, in males and females respec-tively2-5). As a result of the introduction of massscreening program for colon cancer in 1992, the incidence of colon cancer should be expected to rise further by early detection of borderline cases such as minute carcinomas in adenomas6). The natural progression of the latter has not been fully established, and it is not known if these minute carcinomas regress spontaneously7).
Regulation of tPA in endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain: role of CRE, AP-2, and SSRE binding sites (1997)

We have previously reported that exposure of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) to 10% average strain resulted in an increase in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA, immunoreactive tPA protein, and tPA activity in the medium. The present study was designed to examine the regulation of tPA gene expression in EC by cyclic strain. We performed a functional analysis of the tPA promoter by transfecting bovine aortic EC with a 1.4-kilobase (kb) construct of the human tPA promoter coupled to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. We found that subjecting the EC to 10% average strain (and not 6% average strain) resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in activity of the 1.4-kb tPA promoter by 4 h. Analysis of deletion mutants of the promoter transfected into EC demonstrated a 60% drop-off in activity between position -145 and -105. Deoxyribonuclease I protection analysis of the segment downstream of position -196 suggested involvement of activator protein-2 (AP-2) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive element (CRE)-like binding sites, which was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Site-directed mutants of either the AP-2 or CRE-like regions resulted in a 65% decrease in activity compared with the wild type. Double mutations abolished basal transcription and any strain-induced activity. A shear stress responsive element (SSRE) binding site is present at -945, but site-directed mutants did not show any drop in activity compared with wild type by cyclic strain. These studies demonstrate that cyclic strain regulates tPA gene transcription in bovine aortic EC and that this transcriptional activation is dependent on factors that are similar to those activated with phorbol ester.
γ‐Alumina as a Support for Catalysts: A Review of Fundamental Aspects (2005)

Abstract The present review discusses the most important aspects to take into consideration to improve the properties of γ‐Al 2 O 3 as a support for catalytic applications. We show that the synthetic route to γ‐Al 2 O 3 is the starting point that determines the micro‐ and macrostructure of the oxide and, consequently, allows control of the support characteristics. The relevance of the adequate structural characterization of the oxide as well as of its surface sorption behavior through the proton‐affinity distributions, are considered. The usefulness of the latter during supported catalyst preparation, for catalytic active sites characterization, and for stability evaluation after calcination are discussed for the Co/γ‐Al 2 O 3 system in particular. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The diagnostic value of serum and urinary NT-proBNP for heart failure (2008)

Serum NT-proBNP is the best parameter to rule out HF. The product of the serum and urinary concentrations has equal value. Urinary NT-proBNP alone performs rather poorly. Renal function influences NT-proBNP concentrations more than age in this selected population.
Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile, Fluorine-Free β-Ketoiminate Lanthanide MOCVD Precursors and Their Implementation in Low-Temperature Growth of Epitaxial CeO<sub>2</sub> Buffer Layers for Superconducting Electronics (2002)

A new class of volatile, low-melting, fluorine-free lanthanide metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) precursors has been developed. The neutral, monomeric Ce, Nd, Gd, and Er complexes are coordinatively saturated by a versatile, multidentate ether-functionalized beta-ketoiminato ligand series, the melting point and volatility characteristics of which can be tuned by altering the alkyl substituents on the keto, imino, and ether sites of the ligand. Direct comparison with conventional lanthanide beta-diketonate complexes reveals that the present precursor class is a superior choice for lanthanide oxide MOCVD. Epitaxial CeO(2) buffer layer films can be grown on (001) YSZ substrates by MOCVD at significantly lower temperatures (450-650 degrees C) than previously possible by using one of the newly developed cerium beta-ketoiminate precursors. Films deposited at 540 degrees C have good out-of-plane (Deltaomega = 0.85 degrees ) and in-plane (Deltaphi = 1.65 degrees ) alignment and smooth surfaces (rms roughness approximately 4.3 A). The film growth rate decreases and the films tend to be smoother as the deposition temperature is increased. High-quality yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) films grown on these CeO(2) buffer layers by pulsed organometallic molecular beam epitaxy exhibit very good electrical transport properties (T(c) = 86.5 K, J(c) = 1.08 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77.4 K).
Assessing the Water Uptake of Alberta Coal and the Impact of CO2 Injection with Low-Field NMR (2009)

Abstract Coal property characterization is an essential step to develop coalbed methane (CBM) recovery processes. In most cases, coal contains free water in the cleats (except dry coal), as well as moisture that forms an integral part of the coal structure. Most CBM production starts with dewatering coalbeds to initialize the gas recovery. Therefore, the wetting behaviour of coal by water is an important aspect in coal property studies. As CO2 has a strong affinity to coal, CO2 injection may change the coal wetting behaviour during a so-called enhanced coalbed methane process (ECBM). Studies on coal wettability are rare. This paper investigates the water uptake by Alberta coal and its wettability alteration due to CO2 injection using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Low-field NMR is a technique used in logging and in the analysis of fluids contained in reservoir rocks. It measures the hydrogen density in reservoir fluids and distinguishes between 'free' bulk water and 'bound' surface water. CO2 is invisible to NMR, but its impact can be detected by changes in the water signal. Experiments on coal samples in the form of dry and moist powder and chunk are used. The water uptake rate can be shown by monitoring the geometrical mean transverse relaxation time. From the spectra of different coal samples, water can be characterized into free, capillary-bound and subsurface-bound (adsorbed) water. These forms of water have different uptake behaviour inside coal. The injection of CO2 will cause coal dewatering, and the effect will increase with elevated CO2 pressure. Introduction Coalbed methane (CBM) has evolved into a commercially profitable source of unconventional natural gas. Canada has vast resources of coal and it has been estimated that the total in-place reserves are 36 ? 1012 m3. Over 60% of Canada's CBM resource is in Alberta(1). Coalbed methane has the potential of contributing a significant portion of Canadian natural gas production in the foreseen future. Using CO2 to enhance methane recovery has been discussed by several researchers(2, 3). This process is called CO2-ECBM. If successful, its implications include CO2 sequestration in deep unmineable coalbeds. Coal property characterization is an essential step to develop CBM/ECBM recovery processes. In most cases, coal is wet and contains free water in the cleats, as well as moisture that forms an integral part of the coal structure. Some coals found in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin's Horseshoe Canyon Formation are dry coals, which means the coal cleats no longer preserve free water. Most CBM production starts with dewatering coalbeds to initialize gas recovery. Therefore, the wetting behaviour of coal by water is an important aspect in coal property studies. As CO2 has a strong affinity to coal, CO2 injection may change the coal wetting behaviour in the ECBM process. Published studies on coal wettability are very rare to the best of our knowledge. Low-field NMR is a relatively new technique used in logging and in the analysis of fluids contained in reservoir rocks.
Prolactin-Signal Transduction in Neonatal Rat Pancreatic Islets and Interaction with the Insulin-Signaling Pathway (2003)

During pregnancy, pancreatic islets undergo structural and functional changes in response to an increased demand for insulin. Different hormones, especially placental lactogens, mediate these adaptive changes. Prolactin (PRL) mainly exerts its biological effects by activation of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway. PRL also stimulates some biological effects via activation of IRS-1, IRS-2, PI 3-kinase, and MAPK in different cell lines. Since IRS-2 is important for the maintenance of pancreatic islet cell mass, we investigated whether PRL affects insulin-signaling pathways in neonatal rat islets. PRL significantly potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion in islets cultured for 7 days. This effect was blocked by the specific PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. To determine possible effects of PRL on insulin-signaling pathways, fresh islets were incubated with or without the hormone for 5 or 15 min. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with specific antibodies showed that PRL induced a dose-dependent IRS-1 and IRS-2 phosphorylation compared to control islets. PRL-induced increase in IRS-1/-2 phosphorylation was accompanied by an increase in the association with and activation of PI 3-kinase. PRL-induced IRS-2 phosphorylation and its association with PI 3-kinase did not add to the effect of insulin. PRL also induced JAK2, SHC, ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in neonatal islets, demonstrating that PRL can activate MAPK. These data indicate that PRL can stimulate the IRSs/PI 3-kinase and SHC/ERK pathways in islets from neonatal rats.
qian tan wo guo shang ye yin xing de guo ji hua fa zhan zhan lue (2009)

改革开放以来,我国银行业取得了巨大成就,但就总体而言,银行业的国际化水平是非常低的,尚处于起步阶段.因此,有必要针对我国商业银行的国际化发展战略问题进行探讨.本文通过分析商业银行国际化的涵义,针对发展我国商业银行国际化面临的主要问题提出几点发展策略.
Etiology and Prevalence of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients (1988)

Data from several epidemiologic studies have suggested that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus is approximately 1.5-2.0 times greater than in an appropriately matched nondiabetic population. In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), hypertension is generally not present at the time of diagnosis. As renal insufficiency develops, blood pressure rises and may exacerbate the progression to end-stage renal failure. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), many patients are hypertensive at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of hypertension in NIDDM is related to the degree of obesity, advanced age, and extensive atherosclerosis that is typically present, and it probably includes many patients with essential hypertension. Several other pathophysiologic mechanisms also contribute to the genesis and maintenance of hypertension in the patient with diabetes. Hyperglycemia and increases in total-body exchangeable sodium may lead to extracellular fluid accumulation and expansion of the plasma volume. In some patients, alterations in the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vascular sensitivity to vasoactive hormones may also play a role. It has recently been suggested that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may also contribute to the maintenance of an elevated blood pressure because insulin is known to promote sodium retention and enhance sympathetic nervous system activity. The evidence for these hypotheses and their respective contributions to the etiology of hypertension in IDDM and NIDDM are discussed.
A universal optimisation network (2003)

An optimization algorithm was developed that causes the simultaneous convergence of a large number of parameters determining the value of a scaler cost function. The procedure is iterative and stochastic, and tends to avoid local extrema. It is shown that the number of iterations required for convergence of the cost function increases linearly with the number of parameters. The procedure is universal in that it can be applied without modification to a large variety of optimization problems. Several examples are discussed, and results of computer simulations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of long-chain alcohols and other volatile compounds emitted from food-borne and related Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (2002)

Numerous reports have been published on the antimicrobial activity of synthetic volatile long chain alcohols, such as 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol, against bacteria and fungi. The objective of the present study was to survey microorganisms for emission patterns of naturally occurring long chain alcohols and other volatile components to determine if these compounds are associated with certain groups of bacteria. Cultures were grown in trypticase soy broth overnight and volatile compounds were trapped on a porous polymer and identified by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, volatile compounds were collected from 26 strains of food associated bacteria using solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography. Alcohols comprising 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol occurred as products from enteric Gram negative bacteria, which included Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Shigella. However, the long chain alcohols were not detected as products from the nonenteric Gram negative species studied which included Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Shewanella. Among Gram positive bacteria, including Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Listeria, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, the only long chain alcohol detected was 1-decanol and, if present, it occurred in relatively small amounts. Other classes of compounds emitted by bacteria included methylketones and sulfides. The methylketones were found as products from Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, whereas the sulfides were closely associated with Gram positive bacteria. In summary, the emission patterns of volatile compounds from bacteria showed many trends including the association of long chain alcohols with enteric Gram negative bacteria. The results provide a basis for future in vivo studies to determine if volatile compounds such as natural long chain alcohols function in the ecology of food-borne Gram negative bacterial pathogens.
[Spectroscopic diagnoses of glow discharge plasma for the carbon nitride growth process]. (2002)

Plasma diagnostics is performed during dc. glow discharge plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on nitride thin films using optical emission spectra. Several molecular bands such as the second positive series of N2 transitions, the first negative series of N2+ and the CN, NH violet bands are identified. Variations of the emission intensities of N2(337.1 nm), N2+(391.4 nm) and CN(388.3 nm) are investigated as the function of the percentage of H2, discharge current and deposition pressure. The related excitation mechanism of the species emission is discussed. Experimental results show that adding a small amount of H2(about 5%) into the gas source will be beneficial to produce all the active species. Higher discharge current will result in an increase of the active species concentration while there is maximum emission intensity at medium gas pressure at about 4 kPa. The collisions between the species, including metastable nitrogen and hydrogen are related with the concentration variations of the measured species. All the results and discussion provide reference data for optimizing the deposition parameters and controlling the deposition process in the synthesis of carbon nitride thin films.
Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry of Pressed Pellet Surrogates for Pu Materials Disposition (2001)

Successful Pu disposition by immobilization in glass or ceramic form requires accurate and precise knowledge of impurity amounts. Analysis of Pu material by conventional liquid nebulization requires dissolution, which is difficult due to the refractory nature of the samples. Laser ablation is a suitable sampling technique for direct analysis of solids. This paper demonstrates the procedures that were established for PuO 2 analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Pressed pellets prepared from CeO 2 were used to simulate PuO 2 . Effects of laser conditions, sample preparation, and matrix composition, specifically mass of a matrix element and color, on the analyses of CeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , and PtO 2 based pressed pellets were examined. Influence of mixing/grinding time on particle sizes, sample homogeneity, and ablation efficiency were investigated. Laser conditions that produce stoichiometric sampling were examined.
Data for Journalists (2018)

This straightforward and effective how-to guide provides the basics for any reporter or journalism student beginning to use data for news stories. It has step-by-step instructions on how to do basic data analysis in journalism while addressing why these digital tools should be an integral part of reporting in the 21st century. In an ideal core text for courses on data-driven journalism or computer-assisted reporting, Houston emphasizes that journalists are accountable for the accuracy and relevance of the data they acquire and share. With a refreshed design, this updated new edition includes expanded coverage on social media, scraping data from the web, and text-mining, and provides journalists with the tips and tools they need for working with data.