gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ETW analytical approach to assess the wing twist of pressure plotted wind tunnel models (2002)

Exploiting the unique ability of the European Transonic Windtunnel to vary the free-stream dynamic pressure at constant Reynolds number (and vice versa), the effective aerodynamic wing twist is determined by comparing the normalized pressures measured at certain wing sections. This task is performed by a computer program which processes the pressures of one individual wing section that have been acquired at the same Mach and Reynolds number, but different levels of tunnel pressure and temperature, i.e. different dynamic pressures. To obtain the geometric twist, the induced downwash angle which originates from the effective wing twist alone is estimated and added to the effective wing twist. This paper describes the effect of the wing twist on the measurement results, the mathematical model used to determine the effective aerodynamic twist and the features of the above mentioned software. The relationship between wing bending and twist in the case of a swept wing and its impact on the results is discussed as well as the computation of the geometric wing twist. The last section contains an assessment of the accuracy and the description of the advantages and disadvantages of the presented method.
Epitaxial PtFe(001) thin films on MgO(001) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1993)

We report a technique for producing the ordered PtFe intermetallic compound with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a preferred c-axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane. PtFe alloys possess high magneto-optic Kerr rotations and magnetizations, suggesting them as likely candidates for magneto-optic and perpendicular magnetic recording.
Hydrogen Phosphide and Ethyl Formate: Fumigation of Insects Infesting Dates and Other Dried Fruits (1972)

The relative toxicity of hydrogen phosphide was determined for the life stages of Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson; the driedfruit beetle, C. hemipterus (L.); the pineapple beetle, Urophorus humeralis (F.); the yellowish nitidulid. Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson); the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); the Indian meal moth. Plodia interpunctella (Hübner); And the raisin moth, Cadra figulilella (Gregson). The relative toxicity of ethyl formate was determined for the life stages of C. hemipterus. O. surinamensis, C. figulilella, and P. interpunctella. In general, with hydrogen Phosphide the egg stage of each species was the most difficult to kill, followed by the pupal sage, while the larval and adult stages were the most susceptible. The pupal stage was the most resistant to ethyl formate fumigation, whereas the adult stage was the most susceptible. With the exception of the driedfruit beetle, the egg stage was more susceptible than the larval stage to ethyl formate fumigation.
Oxidative halogenation of substituted pyrroles with Cu(II). Part <b>IV.</b> Bromination of 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzoyl)pyrrole. A new synthesis of bioactive analogs of monodeoxypyoluteorin (1994)

Abstract The selective bromination with copper(II) bromide of the pyrrole ring in 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzoyl)pyrrole II in the heterogeneous phase is described giving in almost quantitative yield the 4,5‐dibromo derivative VI. The subsequent introduction of halogen into the phenol moiety was observed when the reaction was performed in the homogeneous phase with an excess of halogenating agent. The pentabromo derivative IX , a compound very active against Staphylococcus aureus ( mic = 17 nmoles per dm −3 ), was obtained by exhaustive bromination of the title compound. Poor yields of chloro derivatives of II were obtained by reaction of the parent compound with copper(II) chloride.
A simple technology for superjunction device fabrication: polyflanked VDMOSFET (2002)

The charge compensation based novel superjunction (SJ) MOSFET outperforms its conventional counterparts. However, the production of SJ devices is limited by a complicated and costly fabrication process. In this letter, a feasible technology for polyflanked vertical double-diffused MOS SJ structure, as in Gan et al. (2001), is introduced and demonstrated to have greatly reduced fabrication costs, simplified processes, and overcome the interdiffusion problem of SJ columns. This brings forth the new milestone that SJ MOS devices can now be fabricated by standard cleanroom facilities.
Understanding down‐regulation of photosynthesis under water stress: future prospects and searching for physiological tools for irrigation management (2004)

Abstract Photosynthetic down‐regulation and/or inhibition under water stress conditions are determinants for plant growth, survival and yield in drought‐prone areas. Current knowledge about the sequence of metabolic events that leads to complete inhibition of photosynthesis under severe water stress is reviewed. An analysis of published data reveals that a key regulatory role for Rubisco in photosynthesis is improbable under water stress conditions. By contrast, the little data available for other Calvin cycle enzymes suggest the possibility of a key regulatory role for some enzymes involved in the regeneration of RuBP. There are insufficient data to determine the role of photophosphorylation. Several important gaps in our knowledge of this field are highlighted. The most important is the remarkable scarcity of data about the regulation/inhibition of photosynthetic enzymes other than Rubisco under water stress. Consequently, new experiments are urgently needed to improve our current understanding of photosynthetic down‐regulation under water stress. A second gap is the lack of knowledge of photosynthetic recovery after irrigation of plants which have been subjected to different stages of water stress. This knowledge is necessary in order to match physiological down‐regulation by water stress with controlled irrigation programmes.
Cetirizine: more than an antihistamine? (1991)

Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine, is an antihistamine with as distinguishing features: 1) exquisite anti-H1 specificity: cetirizine appears unique in being devoid of action on receptors other than the H1 receptor; 2) potency: at unit dose it is the most potent antihistamine in the skin and the lung; 3) absence of metabolism. These three characteristics suggest that cetirizine be considered the choice H1 antagonist for experiments on the immediate allergic reaction. Cetirizine additionally in vitro inhibits the migration of eosinophils, and in vivo, in the skin, the infiltration by eosinophils that is characteristic for the late phase allergic reaction. Other antihistamines are less active or inactive with respect to this property. According to several lines of evidence, the effect of cetirizine on eosinophils is unlikely to be due to H1 antagonism, but is more likely a novel property of the compound.
f-Element Disiloxanediolates: Novel Si−O-based Inorganic Heterocycles (2001)

The preparation and structural characterization of scandium and f-element complexes derived from the disiloxanediolate dianion, [(Ph2SiO)2O]2-, are reported. Reactions of in situ prepared Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = Eu, Sm, Gd) with (Ph2SiOH)2O in different stoichiometries afforded the lanthanide disiloxanediolates [Eu[[(Ph2SiO)2O]Li(Et2O)]3] (1), [[[(Ph2SiO)2O]Li(dme)]2SmCl(dme)] (2), and [[[((Ph2SiO)2O]Li(thf)2]2GdN(SiMe3)2] (3). In situ formed (Ph2SiOLi)2O reacted with anhydrous NdBr3 (molar ratio 3:1) to give polymeric [[Nd[(Ph2SiO)2O]3[mu-Li(thf)]2[mu2LiBrLi(thf)(Et2O)]]n] (4). Treatment of 3 with Ph2Si(OH)2 in the presence of acetonitrile yielded the dilithium trisiloxanediolate derivative [[Ph2Si(OSiPh2O)2][Li(MeCN)]2]2 (5), which according to an X-ray analysis displays an Li4O4 heterocubane structure. The trinuclear scandium complex [[[(Ph2SiO)2O]Sc(acac)2]2Sc(acac)] (6) was obtained by reaction of [(C5Me5)Sc(acac)2] (C5Me5 = eta5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with (Ph2SiOH)2O in a 3:2 molar ratio. Selective formation of the colorless uranium(VI) derivative [U[Ph2Si(OSiPh20)2]2[(Ph2SiO)2O]] (7) was observed when uranocene, U(eta8-C8H8)2, was allowed to react with (Ph2SiOH)2O. An X-ray diffraction study of the solvated derivative [U[Ph2Si(OSiPh2O)2]2[(Ph2SiO)2O]].Et2O.TMEDA (TMEDA= N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine) (7a) revealed the presence of both the original [(Ph2SiO)2O]2- dianion as well as the ring-enlarged [Ph2Si(OSiPh2O)2]2- ligand in the same molecule.
The use of difference of Gaussian image filtering to assess objectively the correlation between breast vascularity and breast cancer (1988)

The potential of thermography as a screening technique for the early detection of breast cancer was assessed by using difference of Gaussian filtering to isolate and quantify the vascular contents of breast thermograms. Forty-five patients found to have breast cancer and 49 patients who developed breast cancer within 5 years of being screened were paired with normal variants and the thermograms of each group were assessed. No statistically significant separation was resolved between either of the two paired groups implying that the vascular content of isolated thermograms is unable to provide meaningful indications of breast cancer. The processing algorithm, although developed initially for thermograms, is equally valid for other diagnostic imaging techniques and could be of use where it is required to isolate vascularity or other fine detail from larger body structures.
Computer screen cursor trajectories as controlled by an accupoint: A kinematic analysis (1998)

The kinematic efficiency of the Accupoint isometric joystick is addressed. 12 participants used an Accupoint to position a cursor 10 times for each of 12 possible targets situated in various directions (leftwards, above, rightwards), and requiring different levels of movement precision (large, small targets), over different movement amplitudes (near, far). Changes in cursor coordinates were sampled at 200 Hz. Relative to a mouse, the Accupoint acquired movement precision at a slower rate, and was less force efficient. While only 56% as efficient as the mouse, Accupoint cursor trajectories are more reliable in near space (but less reliable in far space).
A molecular phylogeny of the hominoid primates as indicated by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. (1987)

A molecular phylogeny for the hominoid primates was constructed by using genetic distances from a survey of 383 radiolabeled fibroblast polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). An internally consistent matrix of Nei genetic distances was generated on the basis of variants in electrophoretic position. The derived phylogenetic tree indicated a branching sequence, from oldest to most recent, of cercopithecoids (Macaca fascicularis), gibbon-siamang, orangutan, gorilla, and human-chimpanzee. A cladistic analysis of 240 electrophoretic characters that varied between ape species produced an identical tree. Genetic distance measures obtained by 2DE are largely consistent with those generated by other molecular procedures. In addition, the 2DE data set appears to resolve the human-chimpanzee-gorilla trichotomy in favor of a more recent association of chimpanzees and humans.
Heat pain thresholds: normative data and repeatability (1995)

Measurement of thresholds for heat-induced pain was performed on 106 normal subjects, at thenar eminence and foot dorsum, using the reaction time-inclusive method of limits. Tests were repeated 2 weeks following the first test for most of the subjects. After determination that there were no outlying data points and that there was no systematic relationship between magnitude and variability of test scores, data from between 72 and 76 subjects were used to define normal upper and lower ranges by age, as well as repeatability coefficients. This was done through ANOVA-based procedures that extend standard repeatability assessment methods. Normative data tables are presented, with measures of repeatability for the various sites and modalities. For the conventional test range, reaching 55 degrees C, measurement of heat pain thresholds can define both hyper- and hypoalgesia. Application of repeatability coefficients allows for intra-individual inter-session comparison in longitudinal studies.
A linguistic bootstrapping approach to the extraction of term candidates from German text (1998)

This paper deals with computational linguistic tools and methods for the extraction of raw material for terminological glossaries from machine-readable text. We concentrate on monolingual German term candidates, and only briefly hint at tools and procedures for the creation of bilingual glossaries. Most of the examples we use to illustrate methods and results of our work come from technical texts provided by the translation services of Daimler Chrysler AG1 and from legal texts made available by the European Academy in Bozen, Sudtirol. The Academy is working on translations of legal documents for bilingual South Tyrol, and, in this context, on the creation, upgrading, and maintenance of terminological resources.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering by Metal Spheres. I. Cluster Effect (1983)

An electromagnetic theory for the light absorption by a cluster of metal spheres and the Raman scattering by a molecule adsorbed on it is presented, which takes into account the retardation effect exactly and is applicable to an arbitrary cluster size. The theory is applied to a two-sphere cluster of Ag and Au. It is shown that the absorption spectrum is doubly peaked and the maximum enhancement factor of the Raman intensity amounts to 10 7 ∼10 8 when the distance between spheres is decreased. Absorption spectra of three- and four-sphere clusters are also calculated, which indicate that the essential features of the experimental observations are explained by the two-sphere cluster.
Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis Modeling on in Situ FT-IR Spectral Imaging of Liver Tissue for Identifying Sources of Variability (2008)

In this study, the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method was used to assess the in situ chemical composition of two different cell types in mouse liver samples, hepatocytes and erythrocytes. High spatial resolution FT-IR microspectroscopy equipped with a focal plan array (FPA) detector is capable of simultaneously recording over 4000 spectra from 64 x 64 pixels with a maximum spatial resolution of about 5 microm x 5 microm, which allows for the differentiation of individual cells. The main benefit with OPLS-DA lies in the ability to separate predictive variation (between cell type) from variation that is uncorrelated to cell type in order to facilitate understanding of different sources of variation. OPLS-DA was able to differentiate between chemical properties and physical properties (e.g., edge effects). OPLS-DA model interpretation of the chemical features that separated the two cell types clearly highlighted proteins and lipids/bile acids. The modeled variation that was uncorrelated to cell type made up a larger portion of the total variation and displayed strong variability in the amide I region. This could be traced back to a gradient in the high intensity (high-density) areas vs the low intensity areas (close to empty areas) that as a result of normalization had an adverse effect on FT-IR spectral profiles. This highlights that OPLS-DA provides an effective solution to identify different sources of variability, both predictive and uncorrelated, and also facilitates understanding of any sampling, experimental, or preprocessing issues.
Boundary-layer transition on a 10-deg cone - Wind tunnel/flight correlation (1980)

Boundary-layer transition location measurements were made on a 10-deg sharp cone in 23 wind tunnels of the US and Europe and in flight. The data were acquired at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers over a range of unit Reynolds numbers to obtain an improved understanding of wind tunnel flow quality influence. Cone surface microphone measurements showed Tollmien-Schlichting waves present. Transition location defined by pitot probe measurements showed transition Reynolds number to be correlatable to cone surface disturbance amplitude within + or - 20 percent for the majority of tunnel and flight data.
Low-Energy Femoral Shaft Fractures Associated With Alendronate Use (2008)

Low-energy fractures of the femoral shaft with a simple, transverse pattern and hypertrophy of the diaphyseal cortex are associated with alendronate use. This may result from propagation of a stress fracture whose repair is retarded by diminished osteoclast activity and impaired microdamage repair resulting from its prolonged use.
Technology and microbiology of traditionally fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia: A review (2017)

Fermented food and beverage products are made globally by using different practices, fresh materials and microbes. Fermented foods have ample sources of essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of fermentation. The advantageous effects related with fermented products have a special prominence during the production of these products in unindustrialized countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, coming to Ethiopia, fermented food and beverage products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented food and beverage products, controlled natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate it. In Ethiopia, the local fermented food and beverage products are acid-alcohol type of fermentation. Moreover, the preparation of many traditionally fermented food and beverage products is still practiced in a household art thereby a wide variety of fermented foods and beverages are consumed in Ethiopia. Thus, this paper presents on the technology and microbiology of local fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia.

	 

	Key words: Fermented food, kocho, keribo.
Towards Accurate Flow Predictions Using Unstructured Meshes (2009)

The 3 rd AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW 3) showed a wide range of predictions using unstructured grid technology. At that time, Boeing’s BCFD unstructured flow solver lacked the accuracy of structured grid flow solvers at predicting absolute cruise drag numbers. Since the Workshop, efforts have focused on improving the accuracy of BCFD unstructured grid predictions by re-visiting the numerical discretization and paying careful attention to all aspects of the algorithm. Improvements in the cell gradient calculation, slopelimiter, viscous flux operator, and boundary conditions have lead to significant accuracy improvements. This is illustrated by updated predictions on the DLR F6 (DPW 3 configuration) where the latest simulations rival the accuracy obtained by the best industrial codes.
Use of eye movements for video game control (2006)

We present a study that explores the use of a commercially available eye tracker as a control device for video games. We examine its use across multiple gaming genres and present games that utilize the eye tracker in a variety of ways. First, we describe a first-person shooter that uses the eyes to control orientation. Second, we study the use of eye movements for more natural interaction with characters in a role playing game. And lastly, we examine the use of eye tracking as a means to control a modified version of the classic action/arcade game Missile Command. Our results indicate that the use of an eye tracker can increase the immersion of a video game and can significantly alter the gameplay experience.
Progressive Distributed Top-k Retrieval in Peer-to-Peer Networks (2005)

Query processing in traditional information management systems has moved from an exact match model to more flexible paradigms allowing cooperative retrieval by aggregating the database objects' degree of match for each different query predicate and returning the best matching objects only. In peer-to-peer systems such strategies are even more important, given the potentially large number of peers, which may contribute to the results. Yet current peer-to-peer research has barely started to investigate such approaches. In this paper we discuss the benefits of best match/top-k queries in the context of distributed peer-to-peer information infrastructures and show how to extend the limited query processing in current peer-to-peer networks by allowing the distributed processing of top-k queries, while maintaining a minimum of data traffic. Relying on a super-peer backbone organized in the HyperCuP topology we show how to use local indexes for optimizing the necessary query routing and how to process intermediate results in inner network nodes at the earliest possible point in time cutting down the necessary data traffic within the network. Our algorithm is based on dynamically collected query statistics only, no continuous index update processes are necessary, allowing it to scale easily to large numbers of peers, as well as dynamic additions/deletions of peers. We show our approach to always deliver correct result sets and to be optimal in terms of necessary object accesses and data traffic. Finally, we present simulation results for both static and dynamic network environments.
Adventitial Mast Cells Contribute to Pathogenesis in the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2008)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is histologically characterized by medial degeneration and various degrees of chronic adventitial inflammation, although the mechanisms for progression of aneurysm are poorly understood. In the present study, we carried out histological study of AAA tissues of patients, and interventional animal and cell culture experiments to investigate a role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of AAA. The number of mast cells was found to increase in the outer media or adventitia of human AAA, showing a positive correlation between the cell number and the AAA diameter. Aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta was seen in the control (+/+) rats following periaortic application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment but not in the mast cell-deficient mutant Ws/Ws rats. The AAA formation was accompanied by accumulation of mast cells, T lymphocytes and by activated matrix metalloproteinase 9, reduced elastin levels and augmented angiogenesis in the aortic tissue, but these changes were much less in the Ws/Ws rats than in the controls. Similarly, mast cells were accumulated and activated at the adventitia of aneurysmal aorta in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The pharmacological intervention with the tranilast, an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation, attenuated AAA development in these rodent models. In the cell culture experiment, a mast cell directly augmented matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity produced by the monocyte/macrophage. Collectively, these data suggest that adventitial mast cells play a critical role in the progression of AAA.