gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is Hospital the place for the Treatment of Malnourished Children? (1971)

Is Hospital the place for the Treatment of Malnourished Children? R. COOK, D.M., D.P.H., D.C.H. R. COOK, D.M., D.P.H., D.C.H. Caribbean Food and Nutrition InstituteP.O BOX 140, Kingston 7, Jamaica Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 17, Issue 1, March 1971, Pages 15–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/17.1.15 Published: 01 March 1971
Rubidium Vapor Magnetometer for Near Earth Orbiting Spacecraft (1967)

This paper describes the instrumentation and in-flight performance of the rubidium vapor magnetometers being flown by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on the POGO satellites. An optically pumped, self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer was selected as being most compatible with the objectives of the study and with the spacecraft capabilities. A four absorption cell configuration is used to reduce the effect of the null zones inherent in these instruments and to obtain accuracies compatible with the scientific objectives of the program. Scalar magnetic field data are obtained in both digital (PCM) and analog (frequency multiplex) form. Instrument performance parameters are monitored through both main frame and subcommutated PCM data. The first instrument orbited was aboard OGO-II which was launched on 14 October 1965. This instrument has returned a large quantity of data, and is still operating when sufficient spacecraft power is available. The accuracy of the data is determined, apart from orbit accuracy, by spurious phase shifts within the instrument. These arise from such sources as optical axis misalignment, electronic nonlinearities and frequency dependence, and propagation delay over the long cables connecting sensor and electronics. The magnitude of the resulting error is inversely proportional to the phase slope of the dual cell absorption line. The total effect in the POGO instrument of these sources of error is an accuracy of better than 1.5γ over the entire instrument range of 15 000 to 64 000γ.
High-Temperature Vacuum Cell for Infrared Studies of Adsorbed Molecules (1967)

A high-temperature all-metal cell suitable for infrared adsorption studies has been described in the literature.1 Our applications, however, require a higher operating temperature (>700°C), better vacuum (∼ 10−6 Torr), and a larger aperture. The higher operating temperature requires a higher temperature gradient between the inside and outside, so that the surface of the furnace section does not become unreasonably warm. This temperature gradient results from a more efficient furnace design which utilizes reflection principles for confining the heat inside the furnace section. We have also found our method of construction and method of introducing the thermocouple into the system more convenient for this type of study.
Dynamic Behavioral Modeling of Nonlinear Microwave Devices Using Real-Time Recurrent Neural Network (2009)

A novel real-time recurrent neural network (RTRNN) approach is presented for dynamic behavioral macromodeling of nonlinear microwave devices. A modified real-time recurrent learning algorithm is developed to train the neural network model. This proposed RTRNN model can directly be developed from input-output waveform data without having to rely on the internal details of the devices. Once trained, this model provides fast and accurate prediction on the analog behaviors of the nonlinear microwave devices under modeling, which can readily be incorporated into high-level circuit simulation and optimization. This RTRNN approach enhances the neural modeling speed and accuracy. Moreover, it also provides additional flexibility in handing diverse needs of nonlinear microwave circuit designs in the time domain, such as single-tone and multiple-tone simulations and large-signal simulations by comparison to the previously published neural models. The validity of this proposed approach is illustrated through behavioral macromodeling of two typical microwave devices: power amplifiers and pHEMTs.
Synthesis of PEG-Armed and Polyphosphoester Core-Cross-Linked Nanogel by One-Step Ring-Opening Polymerization (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of PEG-Armed and Polyphosphoester Core-Cross-Linked Nanogel by One-Step Ring-Opening PolymerizationMeng-Hua Xiong†, Juan Wu†, Yu-Cai Wang†, Lai-Sheng Li†, Xiao-Bing Liu§, Guang-Zhao Zhang§, Li-Feng Yan§, and Jun Wang*‡View Author Information Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China* To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fax +86 551 360 0402; e-mail [email protected]†Department of Polymer Science and Engineering.‡Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences.§Department of Chemical Physics.Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4, 893–896Publication Date (Web):January 21, 2009Publication History Received1 December 2008Revised4 January 2009Published online21 January 2009Published inissue 24 February 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma802688yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma802688yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3633Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Drug delivery,Drug release,Monomers,Nanogels,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Resistance Heating in the Arc Cathode Spot Zone (1961)

For an understanding of the arc cathode spot mechanism, it is essential to determine the relative importance of Joule heating within the cathode and the energy input from the arc discharge. The problem of a source of uniform current density acting over a circular area on the surface of a semi-infinite solid of conducting material is formulated and solved with the following results: (1) The Joule heat developed in the hemispherical volume directly under the cathode spot amounts to 38% of the total Joule heat developed in the electrode. This concentration of the heating leads to high average power densities in the cathode spot zone which amount, in the case of mercury, to 5×107 w/cm3 and 5×109 w/cm3 for current densities of 106 and 107 amp/cm2, respectively. (2) A comparison of the energy input to the cathode spot zone due to Joule heating and the energy input due to positive ion bombardment shows that for current densities of the order of 106 amp/cm2, the former amounts to some 10–20% of the latter for such high-resistivity metals as bismuth, antimony, and mercury. As the current density is increased to 107 amp/cm2, the two energy sources become comparable for metals other than the low resistivity metals such as copper and silver. (3) The time required to bring typical electrode materials to the melting point with resistance heating alone is relatively short. For J=106 amp/cm2 and a spot radius of 2×10−3 cm, bismuth (271°C) requires 4 μsec, antimony (631°C) 35 msec. The boiling point of mercury (357°C) is reached in 18 μsec.
Pneumothorax. (2009)

Pneumothorax may be classified as open or closed and as traumatic, spontaneous, or iatrogenic. The most common cause of pneumothorax is thoracic trauma. Spontaneous pneumothorax is often a result of bullous emphysema, and iatrogenic pneumothorax is an important complication of procedures involving the thoracic cavity. Most animals present with tachypnea, tachycardia, respiratory distress, and anxiety. Radiography and thoracocentesis are useful diagnostic aids. Traumatic and iatrogenic pneumothorax are commonly treated with thoracocentesis or thoracostomy tube placement. Spontaneous pneumothorax usually requires surgical resection of the affected lobe(s). The prognosis for traumatic pneumothorax is excellent if there are no other life-threatening injuries; for spontaneous pneumothorax, the prognosis depends on the underlying cause and method of treatment. The prognosis for iatrogenic pneumothorax is considered good.Pneumothorax is classified as open or closed and according to the causative mechanism. Open pneumothorax results from a penetrating thoracic injury that permits entry of air into the chest, while closed pneumothorax is the accumulation of air originating from the respiratory system within the pleural space. In some cases, the air may come from both sources (e.g., severe thoracic bite wounds with lung punctures).
H2S Biogenesis by Human Cystathionine γ-Lyase Leads to the Novel Sulfur Metabolites Lanthionine and Homolanthionine and Is Responsive to the Grade of Hyperhomocysteinemia (2009)

Although there is a growing recognition of the significance of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) as a biological signaling molecule involved in vascular and nervous system functions, its biogenesis and regulation are poorly understood. It is widely assumed that desulfhydration of cysteine is the major source of H(2)S in mammals and is catalyzed by the transsulfuration pathway enzymes, cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE). In this study, we demonstrate that the profligacy of human CSE results in a variety of reactions that generate H(2)S from cysteine and homocysteine. The gamma-replacement reaction, which condenses two molecules of homocysteine, yields H(2)S and a novel biomarker, homolanthionine, which has been reported in urine of homocystinuric patients, whereas a beta-replacement reaction, which condenses two molecules of cysteine, generates lanthionine. Kinetic simulations at physiologically relevant concentrations of cysteine and homocysteine, reveal that the alpha,beta-elimination of cysteine accounts for approximately 70% of H(2)S generation. However, the relative importance of homocysteine-derived H(2)S increases progressively with the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia, and under conditions of severely elevated homocysteine (200 microm), the alpha,gamma-elimination and gamma-replacement reactions of homocysteine together are predicted to account for approximately 90% of H(2)S generation by CSE. Excessive H(2)S production in hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to the associated cardiovascular pathology.
Magnetic dipole transitions as standards for Judd–Ofelt parametrization in lanthanide spectra (1991)

It is shown that the sum of the intensities for magnetic dipole transitions between crystal-field components of two free-ion levels in lanthanide spectra is almost independent of the symmetry of the environment. A mean theoretical sum value of 18×10−7𝒟2, 94×10−7𝒟2, and 9×10−7𝒟2 for, respectively, the 5D1←7F0, 5D0←7F1, and 5D2←7F1 dipole strengths has been found. Experimental values of the dipole strength for Eu3+ in different lattices support within reasonable limits the theoretically derived sum rule. We therefore propose to use these magnetic dipole transitions in the Eu3+ spectrum as standards for further Judd–Ofelt parametrization.
DOES JUSTICE REQUIRE THAT WE BE AGEIST? (1994)

This paper restates some of the principal arguments against an automatic preference for the young as advocated by Kappel and Sandøe, arguments many of which have been extant for over a decade but which Kappel and Sandøe largely ignore. It then goes on to demonstrate that Kappel and Sandøe's "indifference test" fails to do the work required of it because it can be met by unacceptable conceptions of justice. The paper develops a number of new arguments against what I have called "ageist" preferences for the young or for those with long life expectancy. Finally I show that Kappel and Sandøe must believe that murdering older people is less morally wrong than murdering the young and that people relying on arguments such as theirs will have to accept the moral respectability of killing the innocent in order to maximise units of lifetime.
Focusing Light onto a Zero-dimensional Point with Lossy Left-handed Materials (2016)

We show that perfect focusing of light can be achieved with passive (lossy) left-handed materials, without a need for gain or nonlinearity, and present guidelines for designing loss-immune perfect lenses.
1,3‐Dipolare Cycloadditionen, 83. Pyridinium‐<i>N</i>‐imid als additionsbereites Azomethinimin (1977)

Abstract Pyridinium‐ N ‐imid, aus N ‐Aminopyridiniumiodid in Dimethylformamid mit Base freigesetzt, tritt als Azomethinimin mit Propiolsäureester und Acetylendicarbonsäureester zu Pyrazolo‐[1,5‐ a ]pyridincarbonsäureestern zusammen, während Phenylisocyanat und Phenylsenföl am exocyclischen Stickstoff acylieren.
El distrito de la Audiencia de Santafé durante los siglos XVI y XVII (2000)

El distrito de la Audiencia del Nuevo Reino de Granada, entendiendo por tal el territorio dentro del cual el organismo ejercia jurisdiccion, sufrio desde su creacion y a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII diversas modificaciones. En 1549 el Rey dio una Provision Real en la cual senalaba las provincias que inicialmente quedaban sujetas a ella: A vos los nuestros gobernadores y otros jueces cualesquier de las provincias de Santa Marta, y Nuevo Reino de Granada y de Popayan y Rio de San Juan.'
Antigen Induced Inhibition of Autoimmune Response to Rat Male Accessory glands: Role of Thymocytes on the Efferent Phase of the Suppression (1991)

In the present study, we report that Cy-sensitive, MRAG-adherent spleen mononuclear (SpM) inductor-phase T suppressor (Ts) cells obtained from rats pretreated with low doses of a purified fraction (FI) of rat male accessory gland antigens (RAG) are mainly OX19+ and W3/25+. Furthermore, thymocytes from rats pretreated with FI of RAG restore the suppression of the autoimmune response to RAG autoantigens in irradiated recipients of SpM inductor-phase Ts cells. In contrast, thymocytes from rats pretreated with rat heart saline extract (unrelated antigen) did not recuperate the suppression of the autoimmune response detected by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The suppressor thymocytes did not directly exert their inhibitory effect because they were not effective to suppress the autoimmune response to RAG autoantigens when irradiated recipients did not receive SpM inductor-phase Ts cells. The effect of these thymocytes was found in PNA--but not in PNA+ thymic cell population. The perithymic injection of Toxoplasma gondii did block their suppressor activity. The present report clearly shows an active participation of thymus in the efferent phase of the suppressor circuit that controls the autoimmune response to MRAG. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Wearable Neural Prostheses (2010)

In this article, we focus on the least invasive interface: transcutaneous ES (TES), i.e., the use of surface electrodes as an interface between the stimulator and sensory-motor systems. TES is delivered by a burst of short electrical charge pulses applied between pairs of electrodes positioned on the skin. Monophasic or charge-balanced biphasic (symmetric or asymmetric) stimulation pulses can be delivered. The latter ones have the advantage to provide contraction force while minimizing tissue damage.
On the dispersion of artificial double refraction (1907)

Abstract 1. It is well known that glass compressed unequally in different directions behaves like a crystal whose optic axis is along the line of stress. If T1, T2 are the principal stresses in the wave front, μ1, μ2 the refractive indices of the two rays for which the directions of vibration are along T1, T2 respectively, then the relative retardation of the two oppositely polarised rays is R = (μ1 — μ2) τ = C (T1 — T2) τ, where τ is the thickness of glass traversed. C may be called the “stress-optical coefficient ” of the glass. It differs for different glasses and in the same glass for different colours, but it is usually assumed independent of the value of the stress.
Las cuatro versions de adios a la Bohemia de pío Baroja (1996)

Dentro de Ia breve creación para el teatro de Baroja, Adiós a La bohemia ocupa un Iugar especial. De ella realizó cuatro versiones, dos de las cuales están vinculadas a la música, concretamente a la zarzuela, a la que nuestro autor era muy aficionado. No deja de ser curioso que a Baroja eso de la vida bohemia le gustase muy poco. En su juventud era algo corriente en el ambiente literario y artístico de Madrid, que incluso se había puesto de moda, acaso por imitacion de París que era el gran modelo. Las entonces todavía famosísimas Scènes de La vie de bohème (1848) de Henri Murger y las óperas de Puccini y Leoncavallo tituladas ambas La bohème -sobre todo la primera, que tuvo un éxito fulgarante-, escritas al mismo tiempo y estrenadas con un año de diferencia, 1896 y 1897, exten­ dieron el atractivo falsamente romántico de una forma de vida que terminaba casi siempre con una muerte prematura. En España, Amadeo Vives, que era buen amigo de Baroja, plasmó el lado amable de esa vida con su zarzuela Bohemios de 1904 que se hizo popularísima pese a Ia evidente falsedad del texto.
Characterization of N<sub>x</sub>,N<sub>y</sub>‐Disubstituted adenines by ultraviolet absorption spectra (1965)

Abstract By the synthesis of representative N x ,N y ‐dibenzyladenines and determination of their ultraviolet absorption spectra in acidic, basic and neutral solution we have assembled a body of spectral characteristics which makes it possible to distinguish among possible N,N‐disubstituted adenines.
Hacia la bibliografía general española del siglo XVIII (1984)

En el prologo a un magistral catalogo de comedias sueltas de la profesora norteamericana Mildred V. Boyer, recordaba el ilustre hispanista Paul Patrick Rogers: When Hispanits of my generation were graduate studens and young teachers it was considerer axiomatic that Spain's eighteenth century was not only a period of decline and decay, but that there was little, if anything, in its hundred years that merited more than passing attention. Senala el poco interes que despertaba entonces nuestro Siglo Ilustrado en el mundo academico de los paises de habla inglesa y unas paginas mas adelante insiste: What is important, is that this century has been almost totally neglected by scholars, almost to this day. Nor is this meant to imply that the period had any particular cultural greatness to offer us. But what is certain is that we have not known, and do noy yet know fully, the cultural history of this period. En esta misma fecha otro hispanista, ahora en el ambito academico frances, escribia: Durante mucho tiempo fue tratado el siglo XVIII espanol despectivamente por los historiadores de la vida intelectual y cultural. Los Siglos de Oro, por su extraordinaria creatividad, y la epoca del romanticismo, por ese redescubrimiento de las realidades castizas con que se le acreditaba, solian acaparar la atencion de una historiografia prisionera de cierto nacionalismo, y para la cual la Espana de las Luces era una Espana renegada que habia dado la
A Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Presented as Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (2010)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare disease. It is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular paralysis reflecting degeneration of motor neurons which leads to muscle weakness and muscle wasting. Respiratory failure limits survival to 2-5 years after disease onset. Several clinical manifestations including dysphagia can result in reductions in both the quality of life and life expectancy. Dysphagia occurs at onset in about one third of case, although generally it occurs in later stage of the disease. Evaluation of dysphagia includes video-fluoroscopic swallow study, radiological esophagogram, flexible endoscopic examination, ultrasound examination, conventional manometry and electromyography. We report a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a 54-year-old man presenting oropharyngeal dysphagia which was diagnosed by high resolution esophageal manometry presenting abnormality of the upper esophageal sphincter.
FAK and Nanog Cross Talk with p53 in Cancer Stem Cells (2013)

This review is focused on the role of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) signaling in cancer stem cells. The recent data demonstrate the important role of FAK in cancer stem cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and invasion. We showed recently that the transcription factor Nanog binds the FAK promoter and up-regulates FAK expression, and that FAK binds Nanog and phosphorylates it. This review discusses the interaction of FAK, Nanog, Oct-3/4, and Sox-2 signaling pathways that are critical for the regulation of cancer stem cells. The cross-linked signaling of FAK with p53 and Nanog signaling in cancer stem cell and function and targeted therapeutics approaches are discussed.
Brain Shift Estimation in Image-Guided Neurosurgery Using 3-D Ultrasound (2005)

Intraoperative brain deformation is one of the most important causes affecting the overall accuracy of image-guided neurosurgical procedures. One option for correcting for this deformation is to acquire three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound data during the operation and use this data to update the information provided by the preoperatively acquired MR data. For 12 patients 3-D ultrasound images have been reconstructed from freehand sweeps acquired during neurosurgical procedures. Ultrasound data acquired prior to and after opening the dura, but prior to surgery, have been quantitatively compared to the preoperatively acquired MR data to estimate the rigid component of brain shift at the first stages of surgery. Prior to opening the dura the average brain shift measured was 3.0 mm parallel to the direction of gravity, with a maximum of 7.5 mm, and 3.9 mm perpendicular to the direction of gravity, with a maximum of 8.2 mm. After opening the dura the shift increased on average 0.2 mm parallel to the direction of gravity and 1.4 mm perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Brain shift can be detected by acquiring 3-D ultrasound data during image-guided neurosurgery. Therefore, it can be used as a basis for correcting image data and preoperative planning for intraoperative deformations.
An abuttable CCD imager for visible and X-ray focal plane arrays (1991)

A frame-transfer silicon charge-coupled-device (CCD) imager has been developed that can be closely abutted to other imagers on three sides of the imaging array. It is intended for use in multichip arrays. The device has 420*420 pixels in the imaging and frame-store regions and is constructed using a three-phase triple-polysilicon process. Particular emphasis has been placed on achieving low-noise charge detection for low-light-level imaging in the visible and maximum energy resolution for X-ray spectroscopic applications. Noise levels of 6 electrons at 1-MHz and less than 3 electrons at 100-kHz data rates have been achieved. Imagers have been fabricated on 1000- Omega cm material to maximize quantum efficiency and minimize split events in the soft X-ray regime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>