gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pro-Invasive Activity of the Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP and TAZ in Cutaneous Melanoma (2013)

YAP and its paralog protein TAZ are downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. Both are amplified in many human cancers and promote cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Little is known about the status of the Hippo pathway in cutaneous melanoma. We profiled Hippo pathway component expression in a panel of human melanoma cell lines and melanocytic lesions, and characterized the capacity of YAP and TAZ to control melanoma cell behavior. YAP and TAZ immuno-staining in human samples revealed mixed cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for both proteins in benign nevi and superficial spreading melanoma. TAZ was expressed at higher levels than YAP1/2 in all cell lines and in those with high invasive potential. Stable YAP or TAZ knockdown dramatically reduced the expression of the classical Hippo target CCN2/connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as anchorage-independent growth, capacity to invade Matrigel, and ability form lung metastases in mice following tail-vein injection. YAP knockdown also reduced invasion in a model of skin reconstruct. Inversely, YAP overexpression increased melanoma cell invasiveness, associated with increased TEA domain-dependent transcription and CCN2/CTGF expression. Together, these results demonstrate that both YAP and TAZ contribute to the invasive and metastatic capacity of melanoma cells and may represent worthy targets for therapeutic intervention.
Control of GaAs and InGaAs Insulator-Semiconductor and Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces by Ultrathin Molecular Beam Epitaxy Si Layers (1991)

Removal or control of Fermi level pinning is attempted using an ultrathin molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) Si interface control layer (Si ICL) for insulator-semiconductor (I-S) and metal-semiconductor (M-S) interfaces of GaAs and InGaAs. For successful removal of Fermi level pinning at the I-S interface, the Si ICL should maintain an ordered pseudomorphic structure. The optimum thickness of the Si ICL is about 10 Å. Formation of such a Si ICL alone does not remove pinning; subsequent deposition of a SiO 2 film is necessary for unpinning. Pinning at the air-exposed surfaces can be removed by combining an HF surface treatment with the Si ICL technique. The Si ICL technique is promising for controlling barrier heights at M-S interfaces.
The self-focusing Fresnel-Dammann grating and the Fresnel binary CGH for compact 2-D light spot array generation (1993)

The authors have described the design and demonstrated the performance of two types of lensless array generator. The Self-focusing Fresnel-Dammann grating (SFD), and the Fresnel hologram. The SFD is based on a conventional Dammann grating, but obviates the need for extraneous Fourier transform lenses, by combining the grating with a Fresnel zone plate, in an exclusive-OR fashion. No alignment is required and no bulky or dispersive refractive elements are used. The Fresnel hologram can be designed for high fanout, but the design must take into account the phases of the light spots in the image array. The authors have demonstrated this for an 8times8 fanout element, where a set of random phases in the output gave rise to a satisfactory performance, whilst another set of phases gave an undesired, although interesting, result. The authors have also demonstrated a 30deg slanted axis, random phase design, generating a two dimensional array of 8times8 beams, used in reflection, and operating in a multiple reflection, planar-optic configuration
Synthesis of nuclear monobromobenz[a]anthracenes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of nuclear monobromobenz[a]anthracenesMelvin S. Newman, V. S. Prabhu, and S. VeeraraghavanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 17, 2926–2928Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00165a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00165a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review of focused ion beam implantation mixing for the fabrication of GaAs-based optoelectronic devices (1995)

The fabrication of GaAs-based optoelectronic components by the technique of focused ion beam (FIB) implantation mixing is reviewed. The basic mechanisms and practice of the FIB-induced mixing process of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well and superlattice structures are discussed. The use of the FIB mixing technique for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices (such as channel waveguides and distributed Bragg reflection distributed feedback lasers) by the single-step, maskless/resistless FIB implantation process is described and their characteristics are reviewed.
Hole subbands in semiconductor thin layers (1986)

The hole subbands in an isolated thin layer are calculated by solving a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian numerically. We found that ignoring the warping of the valence band could lead to substantial error in the hole subbands and the related physical quantities, such as the effective masses. The normalized wave functions are presented.
Structural and Optical Properties of Carbon-Doped AlN Substrates Grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy Using AlN Substrates Prepared by Physical Vapor Transport (2012)

Freestanding AlN substrates with various carbon (C) concentrations were prepared from C-doped thick layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on bulk AlN substrates prepared by physical vapor transport (PVT). The structural properties of the AlN substrates up to a C concentration of 3×1019 cm-3 were the same as those of the nominally undoped substrates, while the absorption coefficient α at 265 nm was increased by C doping from 6.6 to 97 cm-1, when C concentration changed from <2×1017 to 1×1019 cm-3, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) below 4.0 eV also increased by C doping.
Integration of phosphor printing and encapsulant dispensing processes for wafer level LED array packaging (2010)

Phosphor converted LEDs (pc-LEDs), which employ blue LEDs with yellow phosphor deposition to generate white light illumination is a widely used solid-state lighting source. This paper presents the integration of two major processes, namely, phosphor screen printing and moldless encapsulant dispensing, for wafer level pc-LED packaging. In the present study, the processing procedures and parameters of phosphor screen printing were developed and investigated in detail. The attributes of the phosphor layer by screen printing such as packing density, thickness, uniformity and adhesive strength, which control the performance of final white light illumination, were characterized. Subsequently a moldless encapsulant dispensing process was applied at the wafer level. Optical performance of the packaged LEDs was evaluated. The prototype of 5×5 white light LED arrays demonstrated that a wafer level LED packaging can be achieved with the integration of the two novel processes.
Elimination of the error signal in the superior colliculus impairs saccade motor learning (2018)

When movements become dysmetric, the resultant motor error induces a plastic change in the cerebellum to correct the movement, i.e., motor adaptation. Current evidence suggests that the error signal to the cerebellum is delivered by complex spikes originating in the inferior olive (IO). To prove a causal link between the IO error signal and motor adaptation, several studies blocked the IO, which, unfortunately, affected not only the adaptation but also the movement itself. We avoided this confound by inactivating the source of an error signal to the IO. Several studies implicate the superior colliculus (SC) as the source of the error signal to the IO for saccade adaptation. When we inactivated the SC, the metrics of the saccade to be adapted were unchanged, but saccade adaptation was impaired. Thus, an intact rostral SC is necessary for saccade adaptation. Our data provide experimental evidence for the cerebellar learning theory that requires an error signal to drive motor adaptation.
Toward The Design Quality Evaluation Of Object-Oriented Software Systems (1995)

This paper presents some advances towards the quantitative evaluation of design attributes of object-oriented software systems. We believe that these attributes can express the quality of internal structure, thus being strongly correlated with quality characteristics like analyzability, changeability, stability and testabilility, which are important to software developers and maintainers.<br> An OO design metrics set is reviewed, along with its rationale. An experiment for collection and analysis of those metrics is described and several suppositions regarding the design are evaluated. A considerable number of class taxonomies written in the C++ language were used as a sample. A tool to collect those metrics was built and used for that purpose. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the collected data. Results show that some design heuristics can be derived and used to help guide the design process. It was also clear that a number of follow-up topics deserve further research.
Optical switching of Mg-rich Mg–Ni alloy thin films (2002)

Mg–Ni alloy thin films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering using Mg and Ni targets, and their optical switching property for hydrogen exposure has been investigated. Pd-capped MgNix (0.1&lt;x&lt;0.3) films show a good switchable mirror property. Optical transmittance of these Mg-rich Mg–Ni thin films in the hydride state is much improved compared with that of Mg2Ni thin film. We speculate that the variation of the ratio of Mg2NiH4 to MgH2 formed in the hydride state may cause this difference. Such a wide modulation range of optical switching is important for the application of this material to energy efficient smart windows.
Gain-switched picosecond pulse (&gt;10 ps) generation from 1.3 mu m InGaAsP laser diodes (1989)

Fabry-Perot-type laser diodes with high injection efficiency were found to be suitable for ultrashort pulse generation. By decreasing cavity length, the shortest pulsewidth of 6.7 ps at a repetition rate of 100 MHz was achieved under a gain switching scheme. A systematic investigation of bias-level-dependence of pulsewidth, peak output power, as well as the effect of cavity-length shortening was performed. Suppression of facet reflection of a laser diode with a normal cavity length was effective in reducing the pulsewidth (from 16.6 to 10.2 ps). It was found that the optimum condition both for minimizing pulsewidth and for maximizing peak output power can be obtained by selecting the DC bias level. The rate equation analysis also indicated that the gain compression factor may not influence the multimode lasers as much under the gain switching condition as single-mode lasers. The influence of electrical parasitics of the lasers is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Influence of <i>CCL3L1</i> Gene-Containing Segmental Duplications on HIV-1/AIDS Susceptibility (2005)

Segmental duplications in the human genome are selectively enriched for genes involved in immunity, although the phenotypic consequences for host defense are unknown. We show that there are significant interindividual and interpopulation differences in the copy number of a segmental duplication encompassing the gene encoding CCL3L1 (MIP-1alphaP), a potent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-suppressive chemokine and ligand for the HIV coreceptor CCR5. Possession of a CCL3L1 copy number lower than the population average is associated with markedly enhanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) susceptibility. This susceptibility is even greater in individuals who also possess disease-accelerating CCR5 genotypes. This relationship between CCL3L1 dose and altered HIV/AIDS susceptibility points to a central role for CCL3L1 in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and indicates that differences in the dose of immune response genes may constitute a genetic basis for variable responses to infectious diseases.
Toward a task-based gold standard for evaluation of NP chunks and technical terms (2003)

We propose a gold standard for evaluating two types of information extraction output -- noun phrase (NP) chunks (Abney 1991; Ramshaw and Marcus 1995) and technical terms (Justeson and Katz 1995; Daille 2000; Jacquemin 2002). The gold standard is built around the notion that since different semantic and syntactic variants of terms are arguably correct, a fully satisfactory assessment of the quality of the output must include task-based evaluation. We conducted an experiment that assessed subjects' choice of index terms in an information access task. Subjects showed significant preference for index terms that are longer, as measured by number of words, and more complex, as measured by number of prepositions. These terms, which were identified by a human indexer, serve as the gold standard. The experimental protocol is a reliable and rigorous method for evaluating the quality of a set of terms. An important advantage of this task-based evaluation is that a set of index terms which is different than the gold standard can 'win' by providing better information access than the gold standard itself does. And although the individual human subject experiments are time consuming, the experimental interface, test materials and data analysis programs are completely re-usable.
Learning Method for Extraction of Partial Correspondence from Parallel Corpus (2009)

For machine translations using a parallel corpus, it is effective to extract partial correspondences: pairs of phrases of the source language(SL) and target language(TL) in bilingual sentences. However, it is difficult to extract the partial correspondences correctly and efficiently in the data sparse corpus. In this paper, we propose a new learning method that extracts the partial correspondences solely from the parallel corpus without any analytical tools. In the proposed method, the extraction rules are automatically acquired from bilingual sentences using bi-gram statistics in each language sentence and the similarity based on Dice coefficient between SL words and TL words. The acquired extraction rules possess information about the first parts(e.g., "a", "the") or the last parts in phrases. Moreover, the partial correspondences are extracted from the bilingual sentences using the extraction rules correctly and efficiently. Evaluation experiments indicated that our proposed method can improve the translation quality of the learning-type machine translation by correctly and efficiently extracting the partial correspondences in bilingual sentences.
Improved Planar Amperometric Nitric Oxide Sensor Based on Platinized Platinum Anode. 2. Direct Real-Time Measurement of NO Generated from Porcine Kidney Slices in the Presence of <scp>l</scp>-Arginine, <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Polymers, and Protamine (2003)

Nitric oxide generation from porcine kidney slices is assessed using a new planar NO-selective amperometric sensor. The planar shape of the sensor allows for direct NO measurements near the surface (10 microm) of renal tissue slices in real time. Renal NO production may be modulated by the addition of L-arginine, arginine homopolymers (R2, R6, R10), and protamine, all of which can potentially transport across cellular membranes and provide a substrate for nitric oxide synthase within kidney parenchyma. Real-time amperometric measurements demonstrate that most L-arginine species can translocate across the cell membrane and rapidly increase NO production. However, no increase in NO generation is observed when the dimer of L-arginine (R2) is added to the solution bathing the tissue, suggesting that this species cannot permeate cell membranes. The degree of enhancement in NO generation observed for L-arginine and the larger peptides depends on the structure and follows the following sequence: R10 (decamer) > protamine > R6 (hexamer) > L-arginine. Protamine and the R10 decamer, especially, induce the largest increases in NO generation owing to their apparent rapid translocation into cells and subsequent cleavage by proteases to create high intracellular levels of L-arginine. The effect of sensor size (for sensor dimensions of 0.15- and 1-mm outer diameters) on the measured surface NO levels is also examined. The larger sensor traps more NO but hinders access of the L-arginine species to the tissue area between the flat distal plane of the sensor and the surface of the kidney slice. The use of such NO-generating peptides may be important in numerous biological systems that depend on NO production, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and thrombogenesis.
Tools and Technologies for Hot Forming with Local Adjustment of Part Properties (2010)

In general hot stamped car body parts show a uniform strength distribution. Especially for safety relevant parts with high requirements concerning crash performance, this uniform strength distribution can cause problems. During a crash a B-pillar e. g. can absorb more energy when the lower part is relatively flexible while the middle and upper part has to be high-tensile to prevent the intrusion into the passenger compartment. Also during the production of hot stamped parts, the high strength causes trouble. When the trimming takes place after the hardening process, the durability of the tool is limited. Thus at the moment the only economic process for trimming of ultra-high-strength steels is laser cutting. This paper presents different approaches to reach local different strength distributions in hot stamped components. In particular the results of a research project of the Institute Tools & Forming, Graz University of Technology are shown where precisely defined areas of different strengths could be obtained in one part. This was achieved by the use of simple and cheap ceramic inserts in conventional press hardening tools.
The Role of Low-calorie Sweeteners in Diabetes (2013)

As the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes continue to rise, the identification of components that contribute to or are associated with this disease has become a priority. One of the main factors that has been linked to type 2 diabetes is excessive weight gain, and reduction in weight has been recommended for both diabetes prevention and management. Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) provide an alternative to added sugars and may facilitate weight loss or maintenance by limiting caloric intake. Considerable attention has been given to the role of LCS and their relationship to type 2 diabetes. Research suggests that LCS can serve an important role in diabetes prevention and management. Substituting sugars with LCS provides patients with type 2 diabetes considerable flexibility in their health goals and personal dietary preferences.
Cardiovascular and Renal Effects of Endothelin B Receptor Selective Agonists in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1996)

Renal effects of endothelin (ET)-3 have been described in normotensive but not spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Infusion (170 ng/kg/min) of the ETB receptor selective agonists ET-3 and sarafotoxin S6c (SS6c) was used to investigate ETB receptor modulation of renal function in SHR. ET-3 decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) by approximately 95% (0.1 +/- 0.01 and 0.1 +/- 0.02 ml/min, respectively) versus vehicle (1.3 +/- 0.08 and 3.6 +/- 0.23, respectively) in SHR. ET-3 exerted a biphasic effect on urine flow (UV); an initial increase and then a decrease (vehicle, 4.2 +/- 0.55; ET-3, 0.2 +/- 0.09 microliter/min). ET-3 increased mean arterial pressure (vehicle, 159 +/- 4.1; ET-3, 174 +/- 3.1 mm Hg). SS6c decreased GFR and RPF by approximately 60% (0.8 +/- 0.12 and 2.0 +/- 0.18 ml/min, respectively) versus vehicle (2.0 +/- 0.19 and 5.2 +/- 0.45, respectively). UV did not change. Depressor effects of SS6c were observed (vehicle, 154 +/- 1.5; SS6c, 127 +/- 3.1 mm Hg). The ETB receptor selective agonists ET-3 and SS6c markedly decreased GFR and RPF in SHR, suggesting that endogenous ET-3 may modulate renal function through ETB receptors in SHR.
Genome maps of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (1992)

Little information concerning the genome of either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli is available. Therefore, we constructed genomic maps of C. jejuni UA580 and C. coli UA417 by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The genome sizes of C. jejuni and C. coli strains are approximately 1.7 Mb, as determined by SalI and SmaI digestion (N. Chang and D. E. Taylor, J. Bacteriol. 172:5211-5217, 1990). The genomes of both species are represented by single circular DNA molecules, and maps were constructed by partial restriction digestion and hybridization of DNA fragments extracted from low-melting-point agarose gels. Homologous DNA probes, encoding the flaAB and 16S rRNA genes, as well as heterologous DNA probes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Haemophilus influenzae, were used to identify the locations of particular genes. C. jejuni and C. coli contain three copies of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. However, they are not located together within an operon but show a distinct split in at least two of their three copies. The positions of various housekeeping genes in both C. jejuni UA580 and C. coli UA417 have been determined, and there appears to be some conservation of gene arrangement between the two species.
A fast computation of pairwise sequence alignment scores between a protein and a set of single-locus variants of another protein (2012)

Recently we have developed a new algorithm, PROVEAN (<u>Pro</u>tein <u>V</u>ariation <u>E</u>ffect <u>An</u>alyzer), for predicting the functional effect of protein sequence variations, including single amino acid substitutions and small insertions and deletions [2]. The prediction is based on the change, caused by a given variation, in the similarity of the query sequence to a set of its related protein sequences. For this prediction, the algorithm is required to compute a semi-global pairwise sequence alignment score between the query sequence and each of the related sequences. Using dynamic programming, it takes O(n · m) time to compute alignment score between the query sequence Q of length n and a related sequence S of length m. Thus given l different variations in Q, in a naive way it would take O(l · n · m) time to compute the alignment scores between each of the variant query sequences and S. In this paper, we present a new approach to efficiently compute the pairwise alignment scores for l variations, which takes O((n + l) · m) time when the length of variations is bounded by a constant. In this approach, we further utilize the solutions of overlapping subproblems, which are already used by dynamic programming approach. Our algorithm has been used to build a new database for precomputed prediction scores for all possible single amino acid substitutions, single amino acid insertions, and up to 10 amino acids deletions in about 91K human proteins (including isoforms), where l becomes very large, that is, l = O(n). The PROVEAN source code and web server are available at http://provean.jcvi.org.