gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of malicious software on based on multiple equations of API-calls sequences (2017)

Development and dissemination of malicious software requires the creation of new methods for their detection. Therefore we began to use proactive technologies that use the test program to detect the presence of certain symptoms, often occurring in malware. Dynamic analysis of the studied program launched for execution. There is a study of how the program interacts with the software environment that is read/write at certain registry keys, files, network activity the use of certain API calls. Due to the fact that studied the program is potentially harmful, to make its execution must be in an isolated environment. This paper discusses proactive methods based on API call analysis and propose a new method using a multiple sequence alignment to identify common traits in malware. The paper considers the scheme to detect malicious software, based on API calls, each of which is implemented in software. Also presented a completely new malware detection scheme based on multiple sequence API calls alignment. This scheme is described in detail and implemented in software. A test on a set of software and the legitimacy of the viral nature. Testing has shown that the established scheme of competitive shows and identifies malicious software with high accuracy.
Choosing among Alternative Service Delivery Modes: An Investigation of Customer Trial of Self-Service Technologies (2005)

Electronic commerce is an increasingly popular business model with a wide range of tools available to firms. An application that is becoming more common is the use of self-service technologies (SSTs), such as telephone banking, automated hotel checkout, and online investment trading, whereby customers produce services for themselves without assistance from firm employees. Widespread introduction of SSTs is apparent across industries, yet relatively little is known about why customers decide to try SSTs and why some SSTs are more widely accepted than others. In this research, the authors explore key factors that influence the initial SST trial decision, specifically focusing on actual behavior in situations in which the consumer has a choice among delivery modes. The authors show that the consumer readiness variables of role clarity, motivation, and ability are key mediators between established adoption constructs (innovation characteristics and individual differences) and the likelihood of trial.
Enhancement of the topical tolnaftate delivery for the treatment of tinea pedis <i>via</i> provesicular gel systems (2016)

Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal drug which is therapeutically active against dermatophytes that cause various forms of tinea. Due to the small amount of tolnaftate released from ordinary ointment bases and insufficient penetration through the infected skin layers the need to incorporate the drug in a more suitable pharmaceutical form has evolved. A provesicular system is one such form that can solve these problems. Once in contact with the skin, dilution with moisture occurs and the provesicular system rapidly transforms into a vesicular one. Provesicular systems were prepared according to full-factorial experimental design. Plain provesicular systems were compared with systems containing Phospholipon 80 H and Lipoid S45 as penetration enhancers. Design expert software was used to analyze the effect of formulation variables (type of Span used as well as the presence or the absence of the penetration enhancer and its type) on the dependent variables: percent encapsulation efficiency (EE%), vesicle size and percent in vitro drug released). Three formulations were chosen; a plain provesicular system (PV-2), one containing Phospholipon 80H (PV-6) and another containing Lipoid S45 (PV-10) with the goal to reveal the effect of penetration enhancer on morphology, rheological properties and ex vivo permeation using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Analysis of CLSM results showed that the penetration enhancing effect for the tested formulations followed the order PV-10 > PV-6 > PV-2. Promising clinically active treatment for tinea patients could be expected as shown by the in vivo permeation results for the provesicular systems as suggested by the CLSM results.
Dynamic Aggregation of Virtual Addresses in TLB Using TCAM Cells (2008)

In this paper, we propose dynamic aggregation of virtual tags in the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) to increase its storage capacity without increasing the size of the tag array. To support dynamic aggregation, we incorporate a few Ternary-CAM (TCAM) cells into the TLB tag array. The modified TLB architecture demonstrates a compression scheme that increases TLB reach with negligible overhead and no access time penalty. The performance of the proposed TLB architecture is evaluated using SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks. Simulation results indicate a significant reduction in miss ratios, nearly 100% reduction is achieved in several benchmarks, and as much as a 46% increase in IPC (Instructions per cycle) is obtained when compared to a conventional TLB with the same number of tag entries. We also evaluate the performance of our tag compressed TLB against the performance of a conventional TLB that contains an equivalent number of virtual to physical address translations. Our results show that TCAM based compression is able to achieve nearly the same system performance as the large conventional TLB while consuming on average 38% less energy and 42% less area; thus illustrating that tag compression is a more attractive solution for improving TLB performance than simply increasing the size of the TLB.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. I. Effect of pH, temperature, ethyl alcohol, and caffeine, using a modified boyden chamber technic (1969)

Abstract A modification of the Boyden chamber technic for studying the motility of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) is presented, and various technical factors which might influence the results are discussed. FMN motility was found to vary considerably over the pH spectrum encountered in healthy and diseased tissue. It is possible that tissue variations in pH, through an effect on FMN motility, may play a regulatory role in the development and resolution of certain types of inflammation. Changes in temperature over a fairly wide range had relatively little effect on PMN motility. Ethyl alcohol and caffeine were found to suppress motility at clinically obtainable concentrations.
Separation of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Antigens by Concanavalin A Affinity Chromatography (1973)

Biologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced antigens were selectively removed from extracts of infected BHK cells by affinity chromatography by utilizing an insoluble form of concanavalin A (Con A). Soluble extracts of 3 H-glucosamine-labeled, HSV-infected cells were absorbed to a Con A column. Bound material was eluted with α-methyl- d -mannoside (αMM) and NaCl. The specific activity of the eluted glycoproteins increased by 10-fold. Two broad groups of viral-induced antigens were isolated from Con A. Group I includes two antigens which bind to Con A by a specific mechanism because the antigens are dissociated by αMM. Group II contains three antigens which bind to Con A but apparently by a nonspecific or electrolytic mechanism. One antigen in group I was identified as the glycoprotein antigen, CP-1, described previously.
Human Zn‐α<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein cDNA cloning and expression analysis in benign and malignant breast tissues (1991)

Two cDNA clones coding for Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein (Zn-alpha 2-gp) have been isolated from a human breast library and their nucleotide sequences determined. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the coding information for a hydrophobic signal peptide and the 278 residues of the mature protein. Comparison of this sequence with that from the protein purified from plasma reveals four differences: two amino acid changes (Gln-67 and Glu-222) and insertion of two residues (Ile-75 and Phe-76). Northern-blot analysis showed that the Zn-alpha 2-gp gene is expressed in liver and normal breast, but not in placenta, ovary and thyroid. A comparative analysis in mammary tissues from women with different diseases revealed enhanced expression of Zn-alpha 2-gp gene in benign breast lesions and a variable expression level in breast cancers.
Nuclear Particle Detection (Cloud Chambers and Bubble Chambers) (1955)

The first photographs of the tracks of nuclear particles in a cloud chamber were obtained by C.T.R. Wilson (1) in 1911. A year later (2) Wilson pub­ lished photographs of tracks of a-particles, j3-particles, and the electrons produced by a beam of x-rays passing through his chamber. In these pictures, Wilson set a standard of quality for cloud-chamber photographs that has not often been excelled and described techniques of measurement that are still of great importance. The development of cloud chambers has made possible many discoveries in nuclear physics and has provided visual proof of the existence of various types of nuclear particles. A collection of some of the most important and beautiful cloud chamber pictures has been made by Gentner, Maier-Leibnitz & Bothe (3) and by Rochester & J. G. Wilson (4) in which they trace the growth of knowledge of nuclear physics through the years since 1911, demonstrating clearly the importance of the cloud chamber technique. Cloud chambers, when operated under suitable conditions, can provide information on the charge, momentum, velocity, lifetime, direction of motion, and interaction properties of nuclear particles, as well as the t otal number of such particles existing at a given time within the useful volume of the chamber. Cloud chambers have been operated at low, atmospheric, and high pressure, in balloons 100,000 ft. above the earth, in mines hundreds of feet below the surface of the earth, on mountain tops for cosmic ray re­ search, and in the beams of particles created by accelerators. They are versatile and adaptable, but inevitably have their limitations. The invention in 1952 of the bubble chamber by Glaser makes available stilI another in­ strument for the detection of nuclear particles. Bubble chambers have im­ portant applications in connection with high-energy accelerators. They can be operated on a cycle of a few seconds, can be made with various liquids, in­ cluding liquid hydrogen, and have many detection properties in common with cloud chambers. This article will review the developments in cloud-chamber and bubble­ chamber technique that have been made since 1951. The excellent book by J. G. Wilson (5) and the article by Das Gupta & Ghosh (6) describe the classi­ cal work on expansion cloud chambers in some detail. Snowden has written a review article (7) on diffusion cloud chambers that contains much valuable material , and Glaser has published several articles on bubble chambers that will be referred to in the latter part of this paper.
Adaptive Digital Baseband Predistortion for RF Power Amplifier Linearization (2006)

Power amplifiers (PAs) are vital components in many communication systems. To be transmitted wirelessly, a signal must be amplified with high fidelity so as to account for attenuation through the channel or propagation medium. The linearity of a PA response constitutes an important factor that ensures signal integrity and reliable performance of the communication system. Unfortunately, PAs are inherently non-linear due to their technology limitations. A significant manifestation of this non-linearity is the excessive distortion of the transmitted signal which can result in symbol recovery errors at the receiving end. Overcoming the PA’s nonlinearity therefore poses a major engineering challenge. A popular approach to PA linearization is to use predistortion [1-3]. This concept implies the creation of a function that represents the inverse of the PA transfer function in order to linearize the overall gain from the input to the output. There are a plethora of linearization techniques that have been reported in literature. Feedforward linearization is a commonly used technique where the spurious, distorted PA output spectrum is modified via two complementary circuits: a) an input signal cancellation circuit, and b) a distortion or error-cancellation circuit [4]. Unfortunately, feedforward linearization has generally moderate power efficiency and suffers from limited bandwidth. Contemporary analog radio-frequency (RF) techniques such as diode predistortion that are primarily operated in an open-loop configuration are only moderately effective, but relatively simple to implement [5]. Currently, digital baseband adaptive predistortion is the popular choice as it permits application of a variety of corrective algorithms and ensures reasonable bandwidths for common cellular phone standards such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
A red and far‐red light receptor mutation confers resistance to the herbicide glyphosate (2014)

Glyphosate is a widely applied broad-spectrum systemic herbicide that inhibits competitively the penultimate enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the shikimate pathway, thereby causing deleterious effects. A glyphosate-resistant Arabidopsis mutant (gre1) was isolated and genetic analyses indicated that a dysfunctional red (R) and far-red (FR) light receptor, phytochrome B (phyB), caused this phenotype. This finding is consistent with increased glyphosate sensitivity and glyphosate-induced shikimate accumulation in low R:FR light, and the induction of genes encoding enzymes of the shikimate pathway in high R:FR light. Expression of the shikimate pathway genes exhibited diurnal oscillation and this oscillation was altered in the phyB mutant. Furthermore, transcript analysis suggested that this diurnal oscillation was not only dependent on phyB but was also due to circadian regulatory mechanisms. Our data offer an explanation of the well documented observation that glyphosate treatment at various times throughout the day, with their specific composition of light quality and intensity, results in different efficiencies of the herbicide.
A New Glass of Possibly Extraterrestrial Origin* (1948)

ABSTRACT This paper records the discovery, in Val Verde County, on the Rio Grande in Texas, of 350 remarkably symmetrical specimens of natural glass resembling certain forms of tektites—particularly australites. The distribution of the specimens in a small elliptical area far removed from any evidence of volcanic action, as well as certain features of the specimens themselves, suggests for them a possibly extraterrestrial origin, tho they exhibit certain features which set them definitely apart from other specimens ordinarily accepted as belonging in the category of tektites.
Interaction of Drosophila DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme with synthetic template-primers containing mismatched primer bases or propanodeoxyguanosine adducts at various positions in template and primer regions. (1992)

We studied recognition and binding of synthetic template-primers by Drosophila DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) holoenzyme. The template-primers used contained either mismatched base pairs at various positions in the primer region or exocyclic propanodeoxyguanosine (PdG) adducts at various positions in both template and primer.pol alpha requires primer-terminal complementarity of greater than or equal to 4 base pairs for efficient binding and incorporation. When a mismatched base pair is at the -4 position relative to the 3'-primer terminus, minimal but detectable binding occurs. This is consistent with the ability of pol alpha to incorporate a single nucleotide on a template-primer containing a mismatch at this position, but at a rate of only 7% relative to incorporation on a perfectly matched template-primer. No binding or incorporation (less than 1% of incorporation on a perfectly matched template-primer) was evident when a mismatched base pair was at the -3 position or closer, relative to the 3'-primer terminus. Similar results were obtained when PdG was placed at various positions in the primer region. When a PdG residue was located in the template region (+ 3 position relative to the 3'-primer terminus), single-nucleotide incorporation was stimulated 3-4-fold. These observations suggest that there are intrinsic aspects to the mechanism of nucleotide incorporation by pol alpha which ensure the fidelity of DNA synthesis by this enzyme and may provide novel insights into the fundamental mechanism of polymerase translocation along templates.
Essential role for Argonaute2 protein in mouse oogenesis (2009)

Our study shows that Ago2 has a key function in the mouse oocyte through global regulation of microRNA stability, and through this mechanism it affects gene expression in developing oocytes.
A practical sputter equipment simulation system for aluminum including surface diffusion model (2005)

We have developed a practical aluminum sputter deposition system which is composed of a trajectory calculation module using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, a surface diffusion calculation module, and a deposition profile module using a 'modified' QAS (quasi-axis-symmetrical) approximation. In the system, the string model is utilized as the common data structure for simplifying the interface. The simulated profiles (after adjustment of surface diffusion coefficient) agree with the experiments. The surface diffusion model is found to be indispensable for aluminum. The adjusted surface diffusion coefficient with the activation energy of 12.4 (kJ/mole) is found about one million times as large as the bulk at 573 K.
Developing a Tour Guiding Information System for Tourism Service using Mobile GIS and GPS Techniques (2011)

Guiding information services have become more important at popular tourism destinations. Conventional methods seem no longer adequate to provide information to satisfy all tourist needs. A new system for providing such services is described in this paper. Mobile geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques are applied to provide guiding information and manage tourism destinations more effectively. The system includes four main functions, a graphic function, a GPS function, a Route function, and a Query function. In particular, this system combines mobile GIS and GPS techniques with location-based services (LCBS) to provide tourists a better trip experience and deeper understanding of the importance of this valuable landscape. The tour guiding system is currently being used for guiding services in the Yehliu GeoPark.
Duplicate bug report detection with a combination of information retrieval and topic modeling (2012)

Detecting duplicate bug reports helps reduce triaging efforts and save time for developers in fixing the same issues. Among several automated detection approaches, text-based information retrieval (IR) approaches have been shown to outperform others in term of both accuracy and time efficiency. However, those IR-based approaches do not detect well the duplicate reports on the same technical issues written in different descriptive terms.
Small molecule agonists and antagonists for the LH and FSH receptors (2005)

Luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play a critical role in human reproduction. LH and FSH are secreted from the pituitary and act on their respective G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LHR and FSHR, in the gonads to either promote follicular growth and differentiation in women or to stimulate the proper progression of spermatogenesis in men. LH and FSH are currently used in the clinic for the treatment of infertility. Small molecule agonists of LHR and FSHR have the potential to become oral therapeutics for infertility treatment, whereas small molecule antagonists of LHR and FSHR may find utility in oral contraception. Advances in molecular biology, high-throughput screening (HTS) and combinatorial chemistry have made significant contributions to the recent discovery of a variety of small molecule LHR and FSHR agonists and antagonists, some of which have shown highly promising efficacy in animal models of fertility control.
Time Changes in Emission from Oxide-Coated Cathodes (1939)

The decay of electron emission which sets in when emission-limited current is drawn from an oxide cathode has been studied as a function of anode voltage, anode current, cathode temperature, and tube temperature. It is concluded that the decay is due to a transport of barium or oxygen by electrolysis and diffusion. A value is deduced for the heat of the diffusion process. Other time variations in emission have been observed and are discussed.
Clinical utility of CDH17 biomarker in tumor tissues and liquid biopsies for detection and prognostic staging of colorectal cancer (CRC). (2019)

53 Background: Cancer surveillance using blood-based biomarker tests allows for early cancer detection and more effective prompt treatment. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor-specific antigens can also provide valuable prognostic information and contribute to the design of treatment strategy. Our early studies and work from other investigators have identified cadherin-17 (CDH17) as a promising biomarker in both tumor tissues and liquid biopsies. CDH17 overexpression in cancer tissue was found predictive of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer. Plasma CDH17 was elevated in patients with gastric cancer when compared to healthy subjects. However, despite the diagnostic and prognostic value of CDH17, robust and accurate assays for CDH17 detection in liquid and tumor biopsies have yet to be developed. Methods: In order to establish CDH17 immunoassays, we have first generated a proprietary library of more than 300 antibodies against CDH17, and from this library, isolated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibiting specific and high-affinity binding to the different extracellular domains of CDH17. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of CRC tissues with one of our mAbs revealed a stepwise increase in CDH17 with the progression of cancer from early to late CRC. A sandwich-ELISA was also developed to show significantly elevated plasma CDH17 in patients with CRC when compared to healthy individuals. Like CDH17 expression in CRC tissues, plasma CDH17 also showed a gradual increase with progression to more advanced stages of CRC. The newly developed ELISA also demonstrated that the number of CDH17-containing exosomes was significantly higher in blood isolated from patients with CRC. Notably, our mAbs could also enumerate CDH17-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs), of which the level was associated with tumor stage. Conclusions: All these findings clearly indicate the clinical utility of CDH17 in tumor tissues and liquid biopsies for detection and prognostic staging of CRC. Further validation of our proprietary CDH17 immunoassays are being conducted in multiple independent CRC cohorts.
VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub>, THIAMINE, AND BIOTIN IN LAKE SAGAMI1 (1972)

Vitamin B 1 2 thiamine, and biotin concentrations in Lake Sagami were determined by microbiological assay methods and were compared with other biological and chemical factors. Fluctuations in vitamin concentrations corresponded with the succession of phytoplankton during the year.
能力、权益与权利:补充和批判关系 (2015)

能力与人权密切相关。作为重要的人之权益,能力内在于基本社会正义理念,也可被视为一种人权进路。本文在早期作品的基础上(如发表于1997年的《能力与人权》、出版于2000年的《妇女与人类发展:能力进路》、发表于2003年的《作为基本权益的人权:阿玛蒂亚·森及其社会正义理论》以及出版于2005年的《正义的前沿:残疾、国界和物种成员资格》),进一步探讨两者之间的关系。一方面,能力是对人权的补强,而不与之相斥。通过强调各项权利的经济和社会侧面,以及政府行为对各项权利保护和保障的必要性,能力能够厘清人权的基本概念,补充权利话语。此外,能力还将权益根植于普通人的生活,同时不将权益束缚于特定文化语境。另一方面,人权也能够补充能力话语。人权表明能力不是一种选择性权益,而是一种迫切的要求,这种要求既不得被置若罔闻,也不得在追求诸如扩大财富总量等其他目标时加以牺牲。人权已得到全世界的支持和肯认,权利理念能够调动政治行动。
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 regulates inflammatory response to stress (2012)

Taken together, our results suggest a role for mTORC2 in the inflammatory-oxidative responses to stress.