gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRI Microspheres prevent key signs of dry eye disease in a murine, inflammatory model (2017)

Abstract Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent, ocular disorder characterized by an abnormal tear film and ocular surface. Recent experimental data has suggested that the underlying pathology of DED involves inflammation of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU), comprising the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and interconnecting innervation. This inflammation of the LFU ultimately results in tissue deterioration and the symptoms of DED. Moreover, an increase of pathogenic lymphocyte infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the propagation of DED-associated inflammation. Studies have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can mediate the inflammation caused by pathogenic lymphocytes. Thus, as an approach to treating the inflammation associated with DED, we hypothesized that it was possible to enrich the body’s own endogenous Tregs by locally delivering a specific combination of Treg inducing factors through degradable polymer microspheres ( TRI microspheres; T GF-β1, R apamycin (Rapa), and I L-2). This local controlled release system is capable of shifting the balance of Treg/T effectors and, in turn, preventing key signs of dry eye disease such as aqueous tear secretion, conjunctival goblet cells, epithelial corneal integrity, and reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu in the tissue.
Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in patients with hematologic malignancies by intensive white cell depletion of blood products (1989)

The effect of white cell depletion of red cells and platelet concentrates on the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied retrospectively in 150 patients treated intensively for acute leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CMV infection was diagnosed on the basis of IgM and IgG antibody responses to CMV late antigen (CMV-LA). Before cytoreductive therapy for their underlying disease, 59 patients were CMV seronegative and 91 were CMV seropositive. None of the 59 CMV-seronegative patients showed persistent seroconversion 2 months after the cytoreductive treatment. The comparison group, consisting of 312 cardiac surgery patients, showed a significantly higher incidence of primary CMV infections: 10 of 86 (11.6%, p = 0.004). Twenty-five percent of the CMV-seronegative patients and controls had transient IgG antibodies to CMV-LA without IgM antibodies, which is indicative of antibodies passively acquired via blood products. These results indicate that white cell-poor blood products carry a very low risk, if any, of CMV transmission. The policy of transfusing white cell-poor blood products provides a useful alternative to the selection of CMV-seronegative donors.
Conversion of crystalline germanium to amorphous germanium by ion bombardment (1965)

Abstract Of particular interest in the theory of radiation damage are the size and structure of the damaged regions produced in crystalline solids by fast particle irradiation. In the present work crystalline germanium at room temperature or at 30°K has been bombarded in a Siemens electron microscope with 100 kev oxygen ions emanating from oxide-coated emission filaments. The size and structure of the damaged regions generated by the incident ions have been examined at both temperatures using transmission electron microscopy. Detailed evidence is presented which shows that the damaged regions had a size which was dependent on the temperature of the specimen during bombardment and a structure which was amorphous and less dense than the crystalline matrix in which they were located. Further, as the ion dose was increased to 2 × 1015 ions cm−2 the entire surface region to a depth of ∼600 Å was observed to undergo a gradual transition from a crystalline to an amorphous state. In terms of radiation damage models these results are shown to be consistent with the concept of a temperature spike superimposed on a depleted zone.
SODALITE ION EXCHANGE IN ETHYLENE OXIDE OLIGOMER SOLUTIONS (2006)

Sodalite has a simple aluminosilicate framework structure. Alternating SiO4/AlO4 tetrahedra are linked together through bridging oxygens creating a 3-dimensional network with pores of uniform size. [1] The resulting anionic framework requires a charge balancing cationic species. Sodalites, like more complex zeolites, are able to exchange their cationic species.
Inducing Probabilistic CCG Grammars from Logical Form with Higher-Order Unification (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of learning to map sentences to logical form, given training data consisting of natural language sentences paired with logical representations of their meaning. Previous approaches have been designed for particular natural languages or specific meaning representations; here we present a more general method. The approach induces a probabilistic CCG grammar that represents the meaning of individual words and defines how these meanings can be combined to analyze complete sentences. We use higher-order unification to define a hypothesis space containing all grammars consistent with the training data, and develop an online learning algorithm that efficiently searches this space while simultaneously estimating the parameters of a log-linear parsing model. Experiments demonstrate high accuracy on benchmark data sets in four languages with two different meaning representations.
Bergounioux Alain, Manin Bernard, Le régime social-démocrate (1990)

Résumé
Crystal growth and optical characterization of cerium-doped Lu1.8Y0.2SiO5 (2000)

Czochralski growth of cerium-doped Lu1.8Y0.2SiO5 (LYSO) from a 90/10 solution of Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and Y2SiO5 (YSO) is demonstrated. The alloyed scintillator retains the favorable growth properties of YSO and the desirable physical and optical scintillator properties of LSO. Radioluminescence, thermally stimulated luminescence, optical absorption, and lifetime measurements confirm the equivalence of LYSO and LSO optical properties. Advantages of LYSO Czochralski growth relative to LSO include reduced melting point, less propensity for formation of crystalline inclusions, lower cost of starting material, and easier incorporation of cerium into the host lattice. This material offers an attractive alternative to LSO for scintillator applications.
High-Speed Operation of Random-Access-Memory-Embedded Microprocessor With Minimal Instruction Set Architecture Based on Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum Logic (2016)

We present design and experimental results of a rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) bit-serial microprocessor with reduced-size embedded random access memories (RAMs) and with a minimal instruction set, called CORE e2h. The microprocessors called CORE e series have been developed for demonstrating small-scale program execution, such as loop calculation and sorting, in order to show the first prototype of a stored-program computer using the RSFQ technology. The CORE e2h is the most simplified variation of the CORE e series, which is equipped with only two registers, and can execute 13 instructions. The target clock frequency for bit-serial operation is 50 GHz, while the designed system clock cycle is 2 GHz. We carefully designed every component, implementing functionality using a small number of Josephson junctions with a small footprint. We fabricated several chips of the CORE e2h microprocessor integrated with two 128-bit shift-register-based RAMs on the same die. We experimentally obtained correct operations for all the instructions, and confirmed high-speed transfer between the instruction memory and controller unit and between the data memory and datapath at around 50 GHz.
Metabolic Interplay between Astrocytes and Neurons Regulates Endocannabinoid Action (2015)

The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a retrograde lipid messenger that modulates synaptic function, neurophysiology, and behavior. 2-AG signaling is terminated by enzymatic hydrolysis-a reaction that is principally performed by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL is broadly expressed throughout the nervous system, and the contributions of different brain cell types to the regulation of 2-AG activity in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we genetically dissect the cellular anatomy of MAGL-mediated 2-AG metabolism in the brain and show that neurons and astrocytes coordinately regulate 2-AG content and endocannabinoid-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity and behavior. We also find that astrocytic MAGL is mainly responsible for converting 2-AG to neuroinflammatory prostaglandins via a mechanism that may involve transcellular shuttling of lipid substrates. Astrocytic-neuronal interplay thus provides distributed oversight of 2-AG metabolism and function and, through doing so, protects the nervous system from excessive CB1 receptor activation and promotes endocannabinoid crosstalk with other lipid transmitter systems.
Cell adhesion and growth on synthetic elastomeric matrices containing ARG‐GLY–ASP–SER–<sup>3</sup> (1992)

Synthetic elastomeric polypeptide matrices based on the repeating amino acid sequences of elastin have biophysical and biological properties which are favorable for prosthetic materials. An important requirement envisaged for some applications is the ability to support cell adhesion and growth. The X20-poly-(GVGVP), the gamma-irradiation cross-linked elastomeric matrix based on the repeating pentamer Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, and X20-poly[n(GVGVP), (GRGDSP)] containing the covalently incorporated cell adhesion sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) were synthesized. These matrices were tested for their ability to support the adhesion and growth of bovine aortic endothelial cells and of bovine ligamentum nuchae fibroblasts. Adhesion experiments carried out in albumin-containing media showed that matrices containing 60:1, 40:1, and 20:1 ratios of (GVGVP):(GRGDSP) supported maximal cell attachment, that matrices containing 100:1 exhibited an intermediate level of attachment and that matrices composed of 500:1 and (GVGVP) alone were very poor supports for cell attachment. Serum in the media promoted submaximal cell attachment to X20-poly(GVGVP) but did not permit substantial cell growth. Cell growth was supported by matrices having high ratios of (GRGDSP). Ratios of 60:1, 40:1, and 20:1 supported three population doublings of endothelial cells over 3 days resulting in confluent matrix-adherent monolayers. Ratios of 40:1 and 20:1 similarly supported the growth of fibroblasts.
语言分类系统、真值间隔和不可通约性 — 对库恩关于不可通约性的分类学解释之重建 (2004)

摘要：通常所接受对库恩有关不可通约性的分类学解释的理解建立在不可译性概念之上，因而是相当不完善的。为了弥补此不足，本文在分类之逻辑语义理论 (a logical-semantic theory of taxonomy)、真值语义理论 (a semantic theory of truth-value)，以及跨语言交流的真值条件理论 (a truth-value conditional theory of cross-language communication) 之基础上，对库恩有关不可通约性的分类学解释进行了重建。根据这种重建，如果两个科学语言具有不相匹配的分类结构，则当一科学语言的核心语句在其所属语境中具有真值、而在另一科学语言之语境中考虑缺乏真值时，这两种科学语言乃不可通约。通过这种重建，库恩对于不可通约性的成熟解释并非基于保真 (truth-preserving) 可译性或不可译性的概念，而是基于保留真值状态 (truth-value-preserving) 的跨语言交流概念之上。这种重建使得库恩有关不可通约性的解释更具坚实的理论基础、也在概念上更加完整。.
Hyperalgesia Induced by High-Dose Intrathecal Sufentanil in Neuropathic Pain (1997)

The patient had lower lumbar arachnoiditis as part of a failed back surgery syndrome. Two years after discectomy, she still suffered from left lumbosciatic pain despite various invasive treatments. Psychologic impairment could be excluded. Finally, intrathecal morphine was infused at the D12 level. Small amounts of morphine (500-750 mg daily) introduced intolerable vomiting, which could not be prevented by antiemetics, so intrathecal sufentanil was started. A daily dose of 25 mg of sufentanil diluted in 1.5 ml of saline evoked hyperalgesia in the lower part of the body. Increasing the dose to 50 mg daily could only be supported for 3 h. Sufentanil was stopped and saline started, after which the evoked hyperalgesia disappeared. It is concluded that relatively high doses of sufentanil may induce hyperalgesia in patients with arachnoiditis and neuropathic pain.
Toughening of Ceramics by Circumferential Microcracking (1981)

An approximate analysis is presented of the toughening induced by the incorporation of second‐phase particles subject to microcrack‐ing. It is demonstrated that the toughening becomes appreciable for a narrow size distribution of particles of appropriate size. The magnitude of the toughening is determined by the mismatch strain (due to thermal contraction incompatibility) and the microfracture resistance of the particle/matrix interface. Implications for designing optimally tough ceramics are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Water‐Soluble Duocarmycin B1 Prodrugs. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The immunological and clinical effects of mutated ras peptide vaccine in combination with IL-2, GM-CSF, or both in patients with solid tumors (2014)

NCI97C0141.
How to monitor and control resource usage in mobile agent systems (2002)

The mobile agent (MA) technology has already shown its advantages, but at the same time has already has new problems currently limiting its diffusion in commercial environments. A key issue is to control the operations that foreign mobile agents are authorized to perform on host execution environments. It is necessary not only to rule the MA access to resources but also to control resource usage of admitted agents at execution time, for instance to protect against possible denial-of-service attacks. The paper presents a solution framework for the on-line monitoring and control of Java-based MA platforms. In particular, it describes the design and implementation of MAPI, an on-line monitoring component that we have integrated within the SOMA system. The paper shows how to use MAPI as the building block of a distributed monitoring tool that gives application- and kernel-level information about the state of mobile agents and their resource usage, thus enabling the enforcement of management policies on MA resource consumption.
Minimizing Turns in Single and Multi Robot Coverage Path Planning (2017)

Spurred by declining costs of robotics, automation is becoming a prevalent area of interest for many industries. In some cases, it even makes economic sense to use a team of robots to achieve a goal faster. In this thesis we study sweep coverage path planning, in which a robot or a team of robots must cover all points in a workspace with its footprint. In many coverage applications, including cleaning and monitoring, it is beneficial to use coverage paths with minimal robot turns.\n\nIn the first part of the thesis, we address this for a single robot by providing an efficient method to compute the minimum altitude of a non-convex polygonal region, which captures the number of parallel line segments, and thus turns, needed to cover the region. Then, given a non-convex polygon, we provide a method to cut the polygon into two pieces that minimizes the sum of their altitudes. Given an initial convex decomposition of a workspace, we apply this method to iteratively re-optimize and delete cuts of the decomposition. Finally, we compute a coverage path of the workspace by placing parallel line segments in each region, and then computing a tour of the segments of minimum cost. We present simulation results on several workspaces with obstacles, which demonstrate improvements in both the number of turns in the final coverage path and runtime.\n\nIn the second part of the thesis, we extend the concepts developed for a single robot coverage to a multi robot case. We provide a metric χ that approximates the cost of a coverage path, which accounts for the cost of turns. Given a polygon, we provide a method for cutting a polygon into two that would minimize the maximum cost χ between the two polygons. Provided with an initial n-cell decomposition, we apply this method in the iterative manner to re-optimize cuts in order to minimize the maximum cost χ over all cells in the decomposition. For each cell in the re-optimized n-cell decomposition, a single robot coverage path is computed using the minimum altitude decomposition. We present the simulation results that demonstrate improvements in the maximum cost as well as the range of costs over all robots in the team.
Data quality of whole genome bisulfite sequencing on Illumina platforms (2018)

The powerful HiSeq X sequencers with their patterned flowcell technology and fast turnaround times are instrumental for many large-scale genomic and epigenomic studies. However, assessment of DNA methylation by sodium bisulfite treatment results in sequencing libraries of low diversity, which may impact data quality and yield. In this report we assess the quality of WGBS data generated on the HiSeq X system in comparison with data generated on the HiSeq 2500 system and the newly released NovaSeq system. We report a systematic issue with low basecall quality scores assigned to guanines in the second read of WGBS when using certain Real Time Analysis (RTA) software versions on the HiSeq X sequencer, reminiscent of an issue that was previously reported with certain HiSeq 2500 software versions. However, with the HD.3.4.0 /RTA 2.7.7 software upgrade for the HiSeq X system, we observed an overall improved quality and yield of the WGBS data generated, which in turn empowers cost-effective and high quality DNA methylation studies.
Human TRH‐degrading ectoenzyme (1999)

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) is an important extracellular signal substance that acts as a stimulator of hormone secretion from adenohypophyseal target cells and fulfills many criteria for the function of a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter within the central and peripheral nervous systems. The inactivation of TRH-signals is catalysed by a highly specific ectoenzyme. Here, we characterize the human TRH-degrading ectoenzyme (TRH-DE) by primary sequence, functional expression, genomic structure and chromosomal assignment. By screening a cDNA-library constructed from human lung, 5.7 kb of cDNA were identified. The longest open reading frame predicts a type II integral membrane protein of 117 kDa. The extracellular domain contains the HEXXH + E motif that is characteristic of a certain family of Zn-dependent aminopeptidases. Within this family, the sequences of human and rat TRH-DE reveal an unusual high degree of conservation (96% identical residues). Specific enzymatic activity was observed after transfecting COS-7 cells with human TRH-DE cDNA yielding a Km for TRH hydrolysis of 29.7 microM. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a restricted tissue distribution with highest transcript levels in the brain. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization with the cDNA and a genomic lambda clone, respectively, we localized the TRH-DE gene to the long arm of human chromosome 12. Five independent P1 artificial chromosome clones were required to span the complete cDNA sequence and revealed that it is distributed on 19 exons. Interspecies Southern analysis suggests that the gene is present as a single copy in human, monkey, rat, mouse, dog, bovine, rabbit and chicken DNA. All of these data further the notion that the TRH-DE is not an ordinary enzyme but a specific neuropeptidase that has been highly conserved among species.
Aggregation‐Induced Photon Upconversion through Control of the Triplet Energy Landscapes of the Solution and Solid States (2015)

Aggregation-induced photon upconversion (iPUC) based on control of the triplet energy landscape is demonstrated for the first time. When a triplet state of a cyano-substituted 1,4-distyrylbenzene derivative is sensitized in solution, no upconverted emission based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) was observed. In stark contrast, crystalline solids obtained by drying the solution revealed clear upconverted emission. Theoretical studies unveiled an underlying switching mechanism: the excited triplets in solution immediately decay back to the ground state through conformational twisting around a CC bond and photoisomerization, whereas this deactivation path is effectively inhibited in the solid state. The finding of iPUC phenomena highlights the importance of controlling excited energy landscapes in condensed molecular systems.
Isolation and analyses of genes preferentially expressed during early cotton fiber development by subtractive PCR and cDNA array (2003)

Cotton fibers are differentiated epidermal cells originating from the outer integuments of the ovule. To identify genes involved in cotton fiber elongation, we performed subtractive PCR using cDNA prepared from 10 days post anthesis (d.p.a.) wild-type cotton fiber as tester and cDNA from a fuzzless-lintless (fl) mutant as driver. We recovered 280 independent cDNA fragments including most of the previously published cotton fiber-related genes. cDNA macroarrays showed that 172 genes were significantly up-regulated in elongating cotton fibers as confirmed by in situ hybridization in representative cases. Twenty-nine cDNAs, including a putative vacuolar (H+)-ATPase catalytic subunit, a kinesin-like calmodulin binding protein, several arabinogalactan proteins and key enzymes involved in long chain fatty acid biosynthesis, accumulated to greater than 50-fold in 10 d.p.a. fiber cells when compared to that in 0 d.p.a. ovules. Various upstream pathways, such as auxin signal transduction, the MAPK pathway and profilin- and expansin-induced cell wall loosening, were also activated during the fast fiber elongation period. This report constitutes the first systematic analysis of genes involved in cotton fiber development. Our results suggest that a concerted mechanism involving multiple cellular pathways is responsible for cotton fiber elongation.
Microarray Expression Profiling Identifies Genes with Altered Expression in HDL-Deficient Mice (2000)

Based on the assumption that severe alterations in the expression of genes known to be involved in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism may affect the expression of other genes, we screened an array of >5000 mouse expressed sequence tags for altered gene expression in the livers of two lines of mice with dramatic decreases in HDL plasma concentrations. Labeled cDNA from livers of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI)-knockout mice, scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) transgenic mice, and control mice were cohybridized to microarrays. Two-sample t statistics were used to identify genes with altered expression levels in the knockout or transgenic mice compared with control mice. In the SR-BI group we found nine array elements representing at least five genes that were significantly altered on the basis of an adjusted P value < 0.05. In the apoAI-knockout group, eight array elements representing four genes were altered compared with the control group (adjusted P < 0.05). Several of the genes identified in the SR-BI transgenic suggest altered sterol metabolism and oxidative processes. These studies illustrate the use of multiple-testing methods for the identification of genes with altered expression in replicated microarray experiments.