gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Stitching interferometer for large optics using a standard interferometer: description of an automated system</title> (1997)

The manufacture of modern optical components requires the use of high performance interferometers, usually based on phase-shifting techniques. However, there is currently no commercial phase-shifting interferometer having the capacity to measure large parts, such as those found in Inertial Confinement Fusion Lasers (NIF and Méga-Joule), and other large systems. Standard interferometers lack the simultaneous qualities of accuracy and spatial resolution required for the measurement of such components. Indeed, it has been shown that surface ripples with wavelengths of around 1 to 10 millimeters are extremely dangerous for large ICF optics, even at low amplitude, because of the process of non-linear ripple amplification present in high power laser systems. In order to circumvent the restrictions on size and performance of standard interferometers, we have designed and built a scanning interferometer, using a standard "small" diameter phase shifting interferometer. A PC computer is used to control the measurement process, acquire the interferograms and stitch the measurements together to produce the original large surface. The measurement sequence is completely automated. The advantages ofthis technique are low cost, small size, and no loss ofspatial resolution. One system has been in actual use for the characterization of large size mirrors (approx. 400 x 600 mm) since december 1994. In this presentation, we shall look over the design of the system, produce actual measurements, and discuss the technical implications of the stitching process in relation to specifications such as those currently being derived for ICF large components. This work is supported by CEA/CEL-V, as part of the Laser MégaJoule Program.
静电场作用下α-碘酸锂单晶中子衍射的增强 (1975)

摘要 在实验中观察到,沿α-碘酸锂(LiIO3)单晶的z轴向施加不大的电压(1/4cm厚的晶片加电压1V),就能使某些晶面的中子衍射强度显著增大;同一晶片上加电压1500V时衍射强度增到七倍左右。与此同时,还观察到衍射峰摇动曲线变宽和强度变化的弛豫过程,低频交变电场和压电谐振也能导致衍射束增强,但不如直流场的作用明显。 Abstract 作者及机构信息 杨桢2, 程玉芬2, 牛世文2, 李荫远1 (1)中国科学院物理研究所; (2)中国科学院原子能研究所 Authors and contacts (1)中国科学院物理研究所; (2)中国科学院原子能研究所 参考文献 [1] 施引文献
The Reaction between Nitrous Oxide and Hydrogen on Alumina (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between Nitrous Oxide and Hydrogen on AluminaJohn E. Vance and J. K. DixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 176–181Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhizobium meliloti nodD genes mediate host-specific activation of nodABC (1990)

To differentiate among the roles of the three nodD genes of Rhizobium meliloti 1021, we studied the activation of a nodC-lacZ fusion by each of the three nodD genes in response to root exudates from several R. meliloti host plants and in response to the flavone luteolin. We found (i) that the nodD1 and nodD2 products (NodD1 and NodD2) responded differently to root exudates from a variety of hosts, (ii) that NodD1 but not NodD2 responded to luteolin, (iii) that NodD2 functioned synergistically with NodD1 or NodD3, (iv) that NodD2 interfered with NodD1-mediated activation of nodC-lacZ in response to luteolin, and (v) that a region adjacent to and upstream of nodD2 was required for NodD2-mediated activation of nodC-lacZ. We also studied the ability of each of the three R. meliloti nodD genes to complement nodD mutations in R. trifolii and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234. We found (i) that nodD1 complemented an R. trifolii nodD mutation but not a Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 nodD1 mutation and (ii) that R. meliloti nodD2 or nodD3 plus R. meliloti syrM complemented the nodD mutations in both R. trifolii and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234. Finally, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the R. meliloti nodD2 gene and found that R. meliloti NodD1 and NodD2 are highly homologous except in the C-terminal region. Our results support the hypothesis that R. meliloti utilizes the three copies of nodD to optimize the interaction with each of its legume hosts.
Attention is all you need for Videos: Self-attention based Video Summarization using Universal Transformers (2019)

Video Captioning and Summarization have become very popular in the recent years due to advancements in Sequence Modelling, with the resurgence of Long-Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and introduction of Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). Existing architectures extract spatio-temporal features using CNNs and utilize either GRUs or LSTMs to model dependencies with soft attention layers. These attention layers do help in attending to the most prominent features and improve upon the recurrent units, however, these models suffer from the inherent drawbacks of the recurrent units themselves. The introduction of the Transformer model has driven the Sequence Modelling field into a new direction. In this project, we implement a Transformer-based model for Video captioning, utilizing 3D CNN architectures like C3D and Two-stream I3D for video extraction. We also apply certain dimensionality reduction techniques so as to keep the overall size of the model within limits. We finally present our results on the MSVD and ActivityNet datasets for Single and Dense video captioning tasks respectively.
The behaviour of green tea catechins in a full-fat milk system under conditions mimicking the cheesemaking process (2016)

Due to their well-known health benefits, green tea catechins have received recent attention as natural additives in foods such as dairy products. However, they may present some irreversible associations with milk components (e.g. protein and milk fat globules). To investigate the behaviour of two important green tea catechins, (+)-catechin (C) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), in a standard whole milk system under the conditions of cheesemaking, 250 and 500 ppm of each catechin were added to whole milk (3.3% fat). Although both C and EGCG at either concentration increased both total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of the subnatants obtained from the milk system, there was a less linear increase when the concentration of the catechins was doubled, whereas C or EGCG were recovered (measured by HPLC) differently. Overall, these results suggest a degree of associations between green tea catechins with milk proteins and milk fat.
Fusibility of Poly(N-carboxy α-Amino Acid Anhydride) Materials Treated under Pressure-Heat Conditions and in Vitro-in Vivo Degradation of Hot-Pressed Materials (1984)

Abstract Powdered poly(N-carboxy α-amino acid anhydride) materials were treated at temperatures of 50, 100, 150, and 200°C under a pressure of 150 kg/cm2. A number of hot-pressed materials showed simultaneous fusion and contraction in volume. The fusion temperature of the hot-pressed materials was generally lower than the true melting point of the powdered materials at atmospheric pressure (determined with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter). The hot-pressed materials had high rigidity and transparency. The in vitro-in vivo degradation of hot-pressed materials was also investigated. The homo- and copoly(α-amino acid) materials used in this study were scarcely degraded, though debenzylated t e rpolymers such as β-benzyl-L-aspartate/aspartic acid/L-leucine and γ -benzyl-L- glutamate/glutamic acid/L - leucine we re significantly degraded in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. It was found that the in vivo degradation profile of hot-pressed terpolymer materials corresponds relatively well to degradation with 0.01% trypsin.
FORAY-GEN: Automatic Generation of Affine Functions for Memory Optimizations (2005)

In today's embedded applications, a significant portion of energy is spent in the memory subsystem. Several approaches have been proposed to minimize this energy, including the use of scratch pad memories, with many based on static analysis of a program. However, it is often not possible to perform static analysis and optimization of a program's memory access behavior unless the program is specifically written for this purpose. We introduce the FORAY model of a program that permits aggressive analysis of the application's memory behavior that further enables such optimization since it consists of 'for' loops and array accesses which are easily analyzable. We present FORAY-GEN, an automated profile-based approach for extraction of the FORAY model from the original program. We also demonstrate how FORAY-GEN enhances applicability of other memory subsystem optimization approaches, resulting in an average doubling in the number of memory references that can be analyzed by existing static approaches.
Treatments and devices for future diabetes management. (2005)

This last article in this three-part series discusses the evolution of diabetes therapy and examines new treatments and delivery devices that are under development to help meet treatment and management targets.
논문 : 의료관광 기업 종사자의 감정노동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향 : 직무 스트레스의 매개효과를 중심으로 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 직무스트레스와 직무소진을 관찰함으로서 각각의 관계에서 감정 노동을 수행하는 종사원의 감정 노동으로 인해 종사원에게 초래 되는 부정적 결과를 감소시키고, 감정노동의 순기능을 도출할 수 있는 단서를 포착하 여 궁극적으로 조직성과를 증대시킬 수 있는 대안을 찾아보기 위함이며, 이를 통하여 의료관광 기업 종사원의 감정노 동에 따라 직무스트레스 및 직무소진에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명해 보고, 이를 바탕으로 감정 노동의 관리 방안 을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 첫째, 의료관광 기업 종사자들의 감정노동이 직무소진을 유발시키는 것을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였고, 둘째, 직무스트레스 요인들이 야기하는 직무소진의 부정적인 영향을 감소 시키기 위한 노력의 필요성을 제시하였으며, 일부 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.
Respiratory rhinometry, a review of recent trends. (1980)

Rhinometry of respiratory airflow is discussed and disadvantages of invasive methods are emphasized. The stability of the series of pressure-flow relationships of respiratory air which is repeated through consecutive nasal breaths may be exploited to provide an index of nasal obstruction-different techniques and their limitations are outlined. The use of an inexpensive microprocessor interfaced with standard respiratory laboratory pressure and flow measuring apparatus is described and advocated for assessment of resistance to respiratory airflow in the nasal cavities and other flow resistant segments of the airways.
Compound mutants for the paralogous hoxa-4, hoxb-4, and hoxd-4 genes show more complete homeotic transformations and a dose-dependent increase in the number of vertebrae transformed. (1995)

The Hox gene products are transcription factors involved in specifying regional identity along the anteroposterior body axis. In the mouse, several single mutants for Hox genes show variably penetrant, partial homeotic transformations of vertebrae at their anterior limits of expression, suggesting that compound Hox mutants might show more complete transformations with greater penetrance than the single Hox mutants. Compound mutants for the paralogous group 3 genes, hoxa-3 and hoxd-3, show deletion of a cervical vertebrae, which is not readily interpretable in terms of an alteration in regional identity. Here, we report the skeletal phenotypes of compound mutants in the group 4 Hox genes, hoxa-4, hoxb-4, and hoxd-4. Mice mutant for each of these genes were intercrossed to generate the three possible double mutant combinations and the triple mutant. In contrast to the hoxa-3, hoxd-3 double mutants, group 4 Hox compound mutants displayed clear alterations in regional identity, including a nearly complete transformation of the second cervical vertebrae toward the morphology of the first cervical vertebra in one double mutant combination. In comparing the types of homeotic transformations observed, different double mutant combinations showed different degrees of synergism. These results suggest a certain degree of functional redundancy among paralogous genes in specifying regional identity. Furthermore, there was a remarkable dose-dependent increase in the number of vertebrae transformed to a first cervical vertebra identity, including the second through the fifth cervical vertebrae in the triple mutant. Thus, these genes are required in a larger anteroposterior domain than is revealed by the single mutant phenotypes alone, such that multiple mutations in these genes result in transformations of vertebrae that are not at their anterior limit of expression.
Applications of nanoparticle arrays to coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of chiral molecules (2005)

A new surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) diagnostic of chiral molecules using one-dimensional arrays of metallic nanocylinders is reported. It is found that such structures can be made biresonant, with one resonance arising from guided resonance (GR) of the periodic structure and the another--from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Enormous enhancements of the CARS signal can be expected when the pump laser beam is tuned to GR and the emitted anti-Stokes signal is tuned to SPR. Peak field enhancement corresponding to GR is systematically studied for metallic and dielectric nanorods as a function of the incidence angle, material losses, and nanorod diameter. Using coupled dipole approximation (CDA), we provide analytic estimates of the maximum local field enhancements and resonance widths, and find optimum parameters for the field amplification in our essentially two-dimensional geometry. It is shown that the maximum field enhancement at GR is always limited by resistive losses, which can never be completely cancelled by the far-field dipolar interaction. Full electromagnetic simulations supplement CDA-based calculations and qualitatively confirm their findings. Two types of CARS applications are envisioned: one is based on simultaneous enhancement of both two pump waves and of the emission of the anti-Stokes signal, and another one is designed specifically for detection of chiral molecules in crossed fields with very low background noise.
Learning to be Bayesian without Supervision (2007)

Bayesian estimators are defined in terms of the posterior distribution. Typically, this is written as the product of the likelihood function and a prior probability density, both of which are assumed to be known. But in many situations, the prior density is not known, and is difficult to learn from data since one does not have access to uncorrupted samples of the variable being estimated. We show that for a wide variety of observation models, the Bayes least squares (BLS) estimator may be formulated without explicit reference to the prior. Specifically, we derive a direct expression for the estimator, and a related expression for the mean squared estimation error, both in terms of the density of the observed measurements. Each of these prior-free formulations allows us to approximate the estimator given a sufficient amount of observed data. We use the first form to develop practical nonparametric approximations of BLS estimators for several different observation processes, and the second form to develop a parametric family of estimators for use in the additive Gaussian noise case. We examine the empirical performance of these estimators as a function of the amount of observed data.
Speech based emotion classification framework for driver assistance system (2010)

Automated analysis of human affective behavior has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Driver's emotion often influences driving performance which can be improved if the car actively responds to the emotional state of the driver. It is important for an intelligent driver support system to accurately monitor the driver's state in an unobtrusive and robust manner. Ever changing environment while driving poses a serious challenge to existing techniques for speech emotion recognition. In this paper, we utilize contextual information of the outside environment as well as inside car user to improve the emotion recognition accuracy. In particular, a noise cancellation technique is used to suppress the noise adaptively based on the driving context and a gender based context information is analyzed for developing the classifier. Experimental analyses show promising results.
A novel sacrificial layer technology based on highly selective etching of silicon-germanium in CLF3 (2007)

This paper introduces a new sacrificial layer and etching technology for the surface-micromachining of MEMS. Poly crystalline silicon-germanium (SiGe) is used as sacrificial material in combination with poly-Si as active functional layer. Applying a new plasmaless dry etching technique based on ClF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -gas, SiGe can be etched with an extremely high selectivity of up to 5000:1 with respect to silicon. This technique opens new opportunities for enhanced design freedom, increased underetching ranges and speed, and offers full compatibility to most dielectric and metal materials, and to monolithic integration with electronic circuitry on the same chip.
Financial institutions & markets (2012)

Part 1: OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT. 1. The Role of Financial Markets and Institutions. 2. Interest Rate Determination. 3. Interest Rate Structure. Part II: THE FED AND MONETARY POLICY. 4. The Fed and Its Functions. 5. Monetary Policy. Part III: DEBT SECURITY MARKETS. 6. Money Markets. 7. Bond Markets. 8. Valuation and Risk of Bonds. 9. Mortgage Markets. Part IV: EQUITY MARKETS. 10. Investor Monitoring and Stock Offerings. 11. Valuation and Risk of Stocks. 12. Market Microstructure and Strategies. Part V: DERIVATIVE SECURITY MARKETS. 13. Financial Futures Markets. 14. Option Markets. 15. Interest Rate Derivative Markets. 16. Foreign Exchange Derivative Markets. Part VI: COMMERCIAL BANKING. 17. Commercial Bank Operations. 18. Regulation of Banks. 19. Bank Management. 20. Bank Performance. Part VII: NONBANK OPERATIONS. 21. Thrift Operations. 22. Finance Company Operations. 23. Mutual Fund Operations. 24. Securities Operations. 25. Pension Fund and Insurance Operations.
Control of Microwave Circulation Using Unbiased Ferromagnetic Nanowires Arrays (2013)

Unbiased ferromagnetic nanowires arrays were used to conceive and fabricate planar microwave circulators working at dedicated frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz) for airborne applications. We investigated the dependence of the microwave behavior to the nanowires length with the fabrication of four circulators based on NiFe nanowires arrays having different nanowires lengths and found that it is possible to control precisely the circulation frequency. We also proceeded to a numerical optimization of the devices parameters (nanowires nature, quality of alumina membrane and geometrical dimensions). Numerical resulting performances meet the commercial standard requirements and confirm the high potential of the nanowired substrates for on-board systems in aerospace applications.
Fiber chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion monitoring using coherent detection (2005)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a nondestructive method to monitor chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in traffic-carrying wavelength-division-multiplexing optical systems. Coherent heterodyne detection is used to down convert the spectrum of digitally modulated signal from optical domain into radio-frequency (RF) domain. By analyzing group delay difference and polarization walkoff between different frequency components through proper RF signal processing, both CD and PMD can be precisely determined. Good agreement between experimental results and theoretical values has been obtained.
Procedures for polynomial and rational function recognition (1984)

Suppose we are given a class of expressions closed under the rational operations and a set of indeterminates with the property that a procedure (essentially an "oracle") exists to recognize any member of the class that simplifies to zero. Let us call such a class over which such an oracle exists, a ZE class.
Experimental observation of surface wave propagation for a transversely isotropic medium (1995)

Abstract Velocity anisotropy of surface-wave propagation in a transversely isotropic solid has been observed in a laboratory study. In this study, Phenolite, an electrical insulation material, was used as the transversely isotropic media (TIM), and a vertical seismic profiling (VSP) geometry was used to record seismic arrivals and to separate surface waves from shear waves. Results show that surface waves that propagate with different velocities exist at certain directions.
Applications of Anti-Curosurf Antibodies to Understanding the Biology of Alveolar Surfactant (1992)

The structure of surfactant-binding proteins from alveolar cell membranes was investigated using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against surfactant-binding regions of anti-surfactant monoclonal antibodies. Two different series of monoclonal anti-surfactant antibodies were used. One series included antibodies against rabbit surfactant, and the other antibodies against porcine surfactant. In addition, two monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies were made. These anti-idiotype antibodies, called A2R and A2C, bind both anti-Curosurf and anti-rabbit surfactant antibodies comparably. They recognize a 30-kDa cell membrane protein on alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, A2C and A2R block the binding of radiolabeled surfactant to these cells. Using a combination of A2C and A2R cDNA expression libraries from both human and porcine lungs were screened. One independent clone was identified in each library that produced protein that bound these monoclonal antibodies. The protein encoded by the cDNA in each clone bound radiolabeled recombinant surfactant protein-A. It is concluded that human and porcine alveolar cell SP-A binding proteins have been identified and its cDNA cloned. The potential implications of this finding for the understanding and treatment of surfactant deficiency states are considerable.
A Novel Anomaly Detection Approach for Mitigating Web-Based Attacks Against Clouds (2015)

In recent years, web-based attacks increase and become the top threat in cloud environments. To detect unknown web-based attacks, many studies resort to anomaly detection through analyzing web logs. This paper presents an anomaly detection approach, which includes a transforming model and a classifier model. The transforming model converts every entry into a vector, and every value in vector is obtained by training extracted features in statistical techniques and Naive Bayes, which can analyze URI or URL without query in web logs and establish a unified normal standard for different websites. A big real-life dataset of about 50.1GB web logs has been used to verify the effectiveness of our approach, and the experimental results show that our approach can achieve detection rate over 98% and false alarm rate less than 1.5%.