gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-wave mixing in ultracold atoms using intermediate Rydberg states (2008)

Ultracold Rb atoms were used to demonstrate nondegenerate four-wave mixing through a Rydberg state. Continuous $5S\text{\ensuremath{-}}5P\text{\ensuremath{-}}nD$ two-photon excitation to the Rydberg state was combined with an $nD\text{\ensuremath{-}}6P$ tuned laser in a phase-matched geometry. The angular dependence, spatial profile, and dependence on detuning were investigated, showing good agreement with theory. Under optimum conditions 50% of the radiation was emitted into the phase-matched direction. The directional emission is promising for studying quantum effects in blockaded atom clouds.
Detecting and Locating Faulty Nodes in Smart Grids Based on High Frequency Signal Injection (2013)

An on-line method for detecting and locating a faulty node in the utility grid is proposed for smart grids. The method is based on injection of high frequency (A-Band) current signal into the grid that would impose voltages (less than 1V according to EN50065-1 standard) on the nodes to determine changes in the impedance characteristics. This detection is accomplished on-line without interrupting the power flow in the network. The developed algorithm has been implemented within an electrical power system model. This low voltage network model has been tested with different fault scenarios. The proposed procedure is able to detect the faulty nodes with high accuracy.
Bioisosteric Heterocyclic Versions of 7-{[2-(4-Phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol: Identification of Highly Potent and Selective Agonists for Dopamine D3 Receptor with Potent in Vivo Activity (2008)

In the current report, we extend the SAR study on our hybrid structure 7-{[2-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol further to include heterocyclic bioisosteric analogues. Binding assays were carried out with HEK-293 cells expressing either D2 or D3 receptors with tritiated spiperone to evaluate inhibition constants (Ki). Functional activity of selected compounds in stimulating GTPgammaS binding was assessed with CHO cells expressing human D2 receptors and AtT-20 cells expressing human D3 receptors. The highest binding affinity and selectivity for D3 receptors were exhibited by (-)-34 (Ki=0.92 nM and D2/D3=253). In the functional GTPgammaS binding assay, (-)-34 exhibited full agonist activity with picomolar affinity for D3 receptor with high selectivity (EC50=0.08 nM and D2/D3=248). In the in vivo rotational study, (-)-34 exhibited potent rotational activity in 6-OH-DA unilaterally lesioned rats with long duration of action, which indicates its potential application in neuroprotective treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Thermal Conductivity Cyanate Ester Resin Composites Filled with Boron Nitride (2014)

Boron nitride (BN) powder was modified by silane coupling agent, and a series of cyanate ester resin composites containing the modified BN were prepared. The effect of volume fraction of BN on the thermal conductivity, electrical insulation properties of these composites was investigated. Results show that addition of a little of BN powder can improve thermal conductivity of the composites effectively, while the composites still retain the relatively good electrical insulation and low dielectric constant. When the volume fraction of BN was 23.6%, the thermal conductivity of composite increased to 1.33 W/(m·K), which is 4.6 times that of pure resin.
9.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Scalable Sequential‐Color Display Without ASICs (2007)

Abstract A new microdisplay backplane architecture integrating digital frame buffers and pulse‐width‐modulation gray‐scale drivers eliminates external electronics in sequential‐color single‐panel projection systems while lowering power and bandwidth, permitting scalability to high resolutions. It delivers 256 gray levels per color with a native gamma characteristic programmable to values from one to greater than two.
Comparison of Five Endogenous Reference Genes for Specific PCR Detection and Quantification of <i>Brassica napus</i> (2010)

Five previously reported Brassica napus endogenous reference genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (BnACCg8), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP), oleoyl hydrolase gene (FatA), high-mobility-group protein I/Y gene (HMG-I/Y) and cruciferin A gene (CruA), were analyzed for their PCR specificity between B. napus and other species and the quantification stability among different B. napus cultivars. PCR and sequencing results indicated that none of these systems was species-specific as required by the genetically modified organism labeling policy. When these genes were employed in real-time PCR, BnACCg8 and HMG-I/Y systems showed relatively greater heterogeneity among 10 different cultivars. The sequencing results showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism in the primer binding sites was the potential source of the instability in the HMG-I/Y system. The bias of BnACCg8 was thought to be associated with the inconsistent copy number of this gene.
Rate and course of atresia during follicular development in the adult cyclic rat (1985)

Ovarian follicles (greater than or equal to 100 X 10(5) microns 3 or a mean diameter of greater than or equal to 275 microns) in adult rats were classified as non-atretic and atretic during the oestrous cycle and recorded in 5 volume classes. The atretic follicles were also categorized in several stages according to the progress of atresia. The degeneration of the entire granulosa wall until the induced changes in the oocyte took at least 24 h. Another 24 h elapsed before the oocyte became denuded. Therefore the % of atretic follicles, i.e. follicles in all stages of atresia, could not be used as indicator for the rate of atresia. The atretic portion in the follicle population greater than or equal to 100 X 10(5) microns 3 increased from early dioestrus 1 to early dioestrus 3, reached a plateau during dioestrus 3 and pro-oestrus, and declined at late oestrus to the level of early dioestrus 1. The sudden decrease in number of atretic follicles after late pro-oestrus was caused by the discard of many atretic follicles in the advanced stages due to various deformities as revealed by histological observation. By using the % of atretic follicles in the earliest stage as indicator of atretic rate, two waves of atresia were found affecting the population of antral follicles during their growth, the first at dioestrus 1 amounting to 15-20% and then at dioestrus 3, affecting 35% of the population. The present study also shows the extension of atresia in the various volume classes of follicles during the oestrous cycle. A pool of approximately 7 follicles in the smallest volume class was maintained after ovulation, grew further in the next cycle with a new cohort of 20 follicles, and seemed to provide the required number of follicles destined to ovulate. This suggests that the follicles that ovulate were already present at an antral stage in the preceding cycle and needed two cycles for their growth to ovulation.
Permanganate ion oxidations. 17. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of (E)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propenoates and (E)-3-(3-thienyl)-2-propenoates in phosphate-buffered solutions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermanganate ion oxidations. 17. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of (E)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propenoates and (E)-3-(3-thienyl)-2-propenoates in phosphate-buffered solutionsFillmore. Freeman and Lilian Y. ChangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 15, 4504–4509Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (729 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal adaptive estimation of sampled stochastic processes (1965)

This work presents an adaptive approach to the problem of estimating a sampled, stochastic process described by an initially unknown parameter vector. Knowledge of this quantity completely specifies the statistics of the process, and consequently the optimal estimator must "learn" the value of the parameter vector. In order that construction of the optimal estimator be feasible it is necessary to consider only those processes whose parameter vector comes from a finite set of a priori known values. Fortunately, many practical problems may be represented or adequately approximated by such a model. The optimal estimator is found to be composed of a set of elemental estimators and a corresponding set of weighting coefficients, one pair for each possible value of the parameter vector. This structure is derived using properties of the conditional mean operator. For Gauss-Markov processes the elemental estimators are linear, dynamic systems, and evaluation of the weighting coefficients involves relatively simple, nonlinear calculations. The resulting system is optimum in the sense that it minimizes the expected value of a positive-definite, quadratic form in terms of the error (a generalized mean-square-error criterion). Because the system described in this work is optimal, it differs from previous attempts at adaptive estimation, all of which have used approximation techniques or sub-optimal, sequential, optimization procedures [12], [13], and [14].
<i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> Mutants That Produce Butyraldehyde and Altered Quantities of Solvents (1987)

Spontaneous mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B643 that were resistant to allyl alcohol (AA) were selected and characterized. These mutants contained 10- to 100-fold reduced activities of butanol and ethanol alcohol dehydrogenase. The AA mutants formed two groups and produced no ethanol. Type 1 AA mutants produced significant amounts of a new solvent, butyraldehyde, and contained normal levels of the coenzyme A-dependent butyraldehyde dehydrogenase (BAD). Type 2 AA mutants produced no significant butyraldehyde and lower levels of all solvents, and they contained 45- to 100-fold lower activity levels of BAD. Following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, low-acid-producing (Acid) mutants were selected and characterized as superinduced solvent producers, yielding more than 99% of theoretical glucose carbon as solvents and only small amounts of acetate and butyrate. Following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, 13 sporulation-negative (Spo) mutants were characterized; and 3 were found to produce only butyrate and acetate, a minor amount of acetone, and no alcohols. These Spo mutants contained reduced butanol dehydrogenase activity and no BAD enzyme activity. The data support the view that the type 2 AA, the Acid, and the Spo mutants somehow alter normal regulated expression of the solvent pathway in C. acetobutylicum.
Cleavage of Carbon−Carbon Bonds through the Mild Release of Trifluoroacetate: Generation of α,α-Difluoroenolates for Aldol Reactions (2011)

The selective cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds is a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry, yet this strategy can be a powerful way to generate reactive intermediates. We have discovered that, through the facile release of trifluoroacetate which occurs by C-C bond scission, difluoroenolates can be generated under very mild reaction conditions. Unlike existing reactions, this method is not limited to a small group of fluorinated building blocks. We have applied this process to the aldol reaction to install difluoromethylene groups.
Repetitive Carbonation−Calcination Reactions of Ca-Based Sorbents for Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Sorption at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (2003)

In an effort to develop a novel hydrogen production process in which coal is gasified with high-pressure steam in the presence of CO2 sorbents, the fundamental CO2 sorption characteristics of Ca-based sorbents during repetitive carbonation−calcination reactions at different pressures were investigated using a conventional TG/DTA analyzer and a laboratory-scale horizontal-tube reactor. The results revealed that, as a result of sintering and crystal growth, Ca-based sorbents were significantly deactivated by high-temperature calcination treatment. As a consequence, the CO2 uptake capacity of the sorbents decreased with cycle number under both atmospheric and pressurized conditions. An intermediate hydration treatment was found to enhance the reactivity and durability of the sorbents for multicycle CO2 sorption. Because of the presence of eutectics in the CaO−Ca(OH)2−CaCO3 ternary system, the formation of sorbent melts was observed in repetitive calcination−hydration−carbonation reactions at elevated pressures at 923 and 973 K. Even under eutectic conditions, the sorbents retained their high reactivity for CO2 sorption.
Phasing-in the universal broadband ISDN: initial trials for examining ATM applications and ATM systems (1990)

Many countries have started long-term planning for an intelligent integrated broadband network for all services-the universal broadband ISDN. This broadband ISDN is characterized by utilizing the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) for transmission and the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) for multiplexing and switching. The recognizable interest associated with broadband applications and broadband systems is accompanied by elements of uncertainty (acceptance, demand, technology, organization, economy), the realization of ATM pilot applications as well as of ATM prototypes and ATM test networks is both advisable and urgent. The author deals exclusively with these two subjects.<
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Tyrosine 265 of Alanine Racemase Serves as a Base Abstracting  -Hydrogen from L-Alanine: The Counterpart Residue to Lysine 39 Specific to D-Alanine (1999)

Alanine racemase of Bacillus stearothermophilus has been proposed to catalyze alanine racemization by means of two catalytic bases: lysine 39 (K39) abstracting specifically the alpha-hydrogen of D-alanine and tyrosine 265 (Y265) playing the corresponding role for the antipode L-alanine. The role of K39 as indicated has already been verified [Watanabe, A., Kurokawa, Y., Yoshimura, T., Kurihara, T., Soda, K., and Esaki, N. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4189-4194]. We here present evidence for the functioning of Y265 as the base catalyst specific to L-alanine. The Y265-->Ala mutant enzyme (Y265A), like Y265S and Y265F, was a poor catalyst for alanine racemization. However, Y265A and Y265S catalyzed transamination with D-alanine much more rapidly than the wild-type enzyme, and the bound coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), was converted to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). The rate of transamination catalyzed by Y265F was about 9% of that by the wild-type enzyme. However, Y265A, Y265S, and Y265F were similar in that L-alanine was inert as a substrate in transamination. The apo-form of the wild-type enzyme catalyzes the abstraction of tritium non-specifically from both (4'S)- and (4'R)-[4'-(3)H]PMP in the presence of pyruvate. In contrast, apo-Y265A abstracts tritium virtually from only the R-isomer. This indicates that the side-chain of Y265 abstracts the alpha-hydrogen of L-alanine and transfers it supra-facially to the pro-S position at C-4' of PMP. Y265 is the counterpart residue to K39 that transfers the alpha-hydrogen of D-alanine to the pro-R position of PMP.
[Natural toxic substances in food]. (1997)

Foods, mainly those of plant origin and mushrooms, contain natural toxic substances. Their acute toxicity is as a rule mild, but carcinogenic and teratogenic effects cannot be ruled out. They include e.g. cyanogens, lathyrogens, hydrazines, glucosinolates and related goitrogens, cumarins, saponins, alkaloids and glycoalkaloids, biogenic amines, enzyme inhibitors, such as lectins (haemagglutinins) and trypsin inhibitors and chelating substance e.g. phytates and oxalates. These toxic substances are partly removed by technological processes. When principles of a varied diet are respected, the health risk is reduced to a minimum.
Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2001)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fifth leading cause of death in the UK,1 causing 26 000 deaths and 240 000 hospital admissions and costing the NHS £486 million per annum. It is also a global problem, reaching almost epidemic proportions in the developing world. Despite this, it receives relatively little attention compared with diseases with a similar impact such as coronary heart disease and cancer. The research into new treatments to prevent the development and progression of this condition presents a major challenge. It is thus important to develop tools that can both direct development of new drugs and provide insights into assessment of their efficacy before extensive human trials are undertaken.

Animal models act as a bridge between in vitro studies in the laboratory and studies in humans. As such, they have had a major impact on the investigation of many medical conditions. In COPD, in particular, animal models would enable basic research to investigate the mechanisms of inflammatory cell recruitment and abnormal matrix repair (the proteinase/antiproteinase hypothesis2) and alternative hypotheses of the pathogenesis of emphysema such as those implicating lung cell apoptosis as a primary event.3 They would also facilitate the testing of new treatments such as gene therapy (in cystic fibrosis and α1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT)) and “designer drugs” targeting specific cytokines or biochemical pathways. By leading to a clearer understanding of the key events in the pathophysiology of COPD and enabling short term studies to develop appropriate strategies, animal models can provide a framework for the rational and safe design of expensive and long term clinical studies.

The mouse provides the best choice for an animal model4 because the mouse genome has been extensively studied and sequenced and close similarities exist with the human genome. In addition, complementary antibodies and probes …
Study of a new gas-liquid-solid three phase contact mode at millimetric scale : catalytic reactors using “slurry Taylor” flow (2014)

Slurry reactors, widely encountered in chemical industry (laboratory scale up to manufactaring), offer good mass and heat transfer capacities and their high flexibility ensures the simple changeover of solid phases enables a continuous online fresh catalyst feed for fast deactivating catalysts. However slurry reactors promote a high degree of backmixing which can be a drawback for reactions with selectivity issues or when very high conversions are required. In microreaction technology, Taylor flow is often employed providing excellent heat and mass transfer and almost ideal plug flow behavior. Solid handing in these small structures is often resolved by immobilizing the solid catalyst which impinges on the flexibility. One possible solution to combine beneficial properties of Taylor flow with the operational flexibility of conventional slurry reactors is a “slurry Taylor” flow (STF) where catalyst particles are suspended and kept in motion by the internal circulations present in the liquid slugs. The focus of this work is the design and characterization of this innovative gas-liquid-solid contactor. Particles were transported in millimetric horizontal and vertical tubing without the risk of clogging. Hydrodynamic studies revealed different flow patterns depending mainly on velocity and flow orientation. Ion exchange resin particles were used to study the liquid-solid mass transfer and first correlation for the Sherwood number in STF is proposed
Induction of HL60 cell differentiation by tiazofurin and its analogues: characterization and efficacy (1991)

Among inducers of myeloid differentiation for leukemic cells, tiazofurin is of special interest because its mechanism of action is known; it inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and thus decreases the guanine nucleotide pool. Reported here are three aspects of tiazofurin induction of myeloid differentiation in HL60 human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. First, inductive efficacy was evaluated for analogues ara-tiazofurin, xylo-tiazofurin, and selenazofurin, for dinucleotide anabolites thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD) and selenazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (SAD), and for a phosphodiesterase-resistant TAD analogue, beta-methylene TAD. The results showed that the parent compounds are more effective inducers than the dinucleotide derivatives and that the selenazole analogues are more effective inducers than the thiazole compounds. Second, HL60 cell induction by tiazofurin was shown to be synergistic with that produced by the antiviral agent ribavirin. Finally, tiazofurin was found to induce expression of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-sensitive Fc gamma-receptor III (FcRIII) on HL60 cells, a feature consistent with neutrophilic, but not monocytic, differentiation.
The effect of lithium on platelet count (1986)

The effect of lithium on platelet count was studied by examining 12 patients treated with lithium carbonate without any additional medication, 13 patients treated with lithium carbonate with additional psychotropic medication, 25 patients with major affective disorder prior to any treatment, 25 patients with panic disorder prior to any treatment and 25 healthy controls. The platelet counts were increased in the group of subjects treated with lithium carbonate without any additional psychotropic medication. The increase was not clinically significant.
High-speed zero-copy data transfer for DAQ applications (2015)

The LHCb Data Acquisition (DAQ) will be upgraded in 2020 to a trigger-free readout. In order to achieve this goal we will need to connect around 500 nodes with a total network capacity of 32 Tb/s. To get such an high network capacity we are testing zero-copy technology in order to maximize the theoretical link throughput without adding excessive CPU and memory bandwidth overhead, leaving free resources for data processing resulting in less power, space and money used for the same result. We develop a modular test application which can be used with different transport layers. For the zero-copy implementation we choose the OFED IBVerbs API because it can provide low level access and high throughput. We present throughput and CPU usage measurements of 40 GbE solutions using Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), for several network configurations to test the scalability of the system.
UWB Dielectric Resonator Antenna Having Consistent Omnidirectional Pattern and Low Cross-Polarization Characteristics (2011)

A new simple compact monopole type dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for ultrawideband (UWB, 3.1-10.6 GHz) applications is presented. The design combines the advantages of small size DRA and thin planar monopole antennas. The design provides high-radiation efficiency, consistent omnidirectional characteristics, and low cross polarization within the entire band. The antenna size is 15 × 33 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 5.08 mm thickness. The dielectric resonator (DR) is shaped to house the excitation feed and the dielectric substrate is cut to house the DR. The coplanar waveguide is used to feed the antenna.