gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Prognostics - A Case Study Using Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) (2007)

This paper describes the process, used to develop prognostics algorithms for a commercially available switched-mode power supply (SMPS) using corroborative evidence sources. The process begins with a Pareto analysis indicating the primary modes of failure. Critical components are identified using a three-tier failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) by investigating device, circuit, and system parameters sensitive to degradation. Once acceleration factors, or sources of degradation, are known damage accumulation failure models for each critical component are derived from highly accelerated life tests (HALT). Then, healthy components are systematically degraded to varying levels of severity by performing highly accelerated stress testing (HAST). These components are used in seeded fault tests to identify system-level parameters sensitive to device damage. Features extracted from data recorded during seeded fault tests are used to derive feature-based failure models. Finally, reasoning and data fusion algorithms are applied to both models to generate corroborative remaining useful life (RUL) predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐Bis(dimethylamino)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane, a Readily‐Available Precursor to the Novel Fluorinated Building Block 1,1‐Bis( dimethylamino)‐2,2‐difluoroethene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hepatic sortilin regulates both apolipoprotein B secretion and LDL catabolism (2012)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a genetic variant at a locus on chromosome 1p13 that is associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction, reduced plasma levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and markedly increased expression of the gene sortilin-1 (SORT1) in liver. Sortilin is a lysosomal sorting protein that binds ligands both in the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane and traffics them to the lysosome. We previously reported that increased hepatic sortilin expression in mice reduced plasma LDL-C levels. Here we show that increased hepatic sortilin not only reduced hepatic apolipoprotein B (APOB) secretion, but also increased LDL catabolism, and that both effects were dependent on intact lysosomal targeting. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that sortilin serves as a bona fide receptor for LDL in vivo in mice. Our data are consistent with a model in which increased hepatic sortilin binds intracellular APOB-containing particles in the Golgi apparatus as well as extracellular LDL at the plasma membrane and traffics them to the lysosome for degradation. We thus provide functional evidence that genetically increased hepatic sortilin expression both reduces hepatic APOB secretion and increases LDL catabolism, providing dual mechanisms for the very strong association between increased hepatic sortilin expression and reduced plasma LDL-C levels in humans.
A segmentation method for composite text/graphics (halftone and continuous tone photographs) documents (1993)

Abstract When processing composite documents for digital copy machines and facsimile which contain a mixture of text, halftone and continuous tone photographs, ideally, the text portion can be separated from the graphics portion and more efficiently represented than the multi‐bit pixel bitmap graphics representation. The technique for realizing this necessarily requires very precise image segmentation technology so that both the text and image portions can be correctly separated and efficiently managed. In this paper, a new image segmentation algorithm called SPACE is presented. The main idea behind the method for segmenting text/graphics composite documents is based on a peak‐pixel method for detecting the halftone graphics and edge detection performed on a continuous black and white representation of the image. The results presented here are based on 64‐level gray‐scale, 400 dpi scanned images; but the segmentation method should also be applicable to color images and, as the image quality improves, the method becomes more effective.
Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A in combination with leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil prevents rejection of pig-islets transplanted into rats. (1996)

Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A in combination with leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil prevents rejection of pig-islets transplanted into rats
Mutagenic specificity of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoline in Escherichia coli using the yeast URA3 gene as a target (1998)

2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), a strong mutagen/carcinogen, belongs to a group of heterocyclic amines that are formed (ng/g amounts) during the cooking of protein containing food. The mutational specificity of IQ in Escherichia coli was determined in a forward mutation assay using the yeast URA3 gene as a target. The plasmid pTU-AC, containing the target URA3, was randomly modified in vitro using N-hydroxy-IQ, and subsequently transformed into an E. coli pyrF strain (DB6656). Mutant clones were directly selected by their ability to grow on medium containing 5-fluoro-orotic acid which is toxic to URA3+ clones and thereby selects for URA3- mutants. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) was used to map the mutation-containing regions of URA3, so that it was necessary to sequence only the relevant, mutation-containing fragment and not the entire gene. At a modification level of 7 IQ-lesions/URA3 gene, the predominant mutations were base substitutions (approximately 70%), followed by complex gene rearrangements (approximately 20%) and frameshifts (approximately 10%). More than 96% of the base substitutions occurred at G:C base pairs and were predominantly G:C-->A:T transitions, followed by G:C-->T:A and G:C-->C:G transversions. Next neighbour analysis revealed that deoxyguanosines situated within the sequence 5'-TGC were more susceptible to mutations induced by IQ. With one exception, all frameshift mutations were -1 deletions at runs of three consecutive dGs. At higher IQ-modification levels, predominantly complex sequence rearrangements were observed.
A 256-pixel pyroelectric linear array with new black coating (2011)

This paper gives a survey of both the design and essential properties of newly developed pyroelectric linear arrays made on the basis of lithium tantalate (LiTaO<sub>3</sub>). There are up to 256 pixels with a minimum pitch of 50 μm. The detector is a hybrid arrangement of pyroelectric detector chip and 0.8 μm CMOS read-out circuit in a hermetic metal housing. Thanks to the development of a new black coating technology the thermal resolution and the homogeneity of the spectral responsivity have been permanently improved. The absorption layer consists of a columnar NiCr thin film. It is deposited using a special GLAD technology in high vacuum. The band absorption coefficient in the wavelength range 1...15 μm is about 0.9 for a layer with a thickness of about 1 μm. The NiCr absorption layer has very low thermal mass and high temperature stability. It can be patterned by lift-off technology. The measurement results demonstrate the excellent homogeneity of the spectral responsivity and the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the linear arrays.
LACRIMAL SECRETION IN THE CAT (1967)

The lacrimal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal, is mainly a sensory nerve but it also conveys parasympathetic and probably sympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland The role of these autonomic fibres in controlling lacrimal secretion is not clear. Stimulation of the lacrimal nerve in dogs was found by Tepliachine (1894) to cause an increase in lacrimal secretion. In contrast, stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves produced variable effects on lacrimal secretion in man and animals
Propofol improves cardiac functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion by upregulating nitric oxide synthase activity in the isolated rat hearts. (2009)

In isolated rat hearts, propofol can improve cardiac functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion by upregulating NOS activity in the myocardium. The NO system may play an important role in the preservation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury produced by propofol.
Clusterin expression in differentiating smooth muscle cells. (1994)

Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein, expressed by various cell types and shown to have activity in cell-cell adhesion. Cultured porcine smooth muscle cells (SMC) undergo morphological and phenotypic modulation associated with a change from a substrate-attached monolayer culture to a nodular culture in which most of the cells are present in multicellular aggregations (nodules). During that transition from monolayer to nodular cell culture (> 8 days) the expression of an mRNA and protein with significant homology to rat and human clusterin is increased. Clusterin expression continues in the nodular cell cultures and it is secreted at 0.3 micrograms/ml/24 h as a protein with an apparent molecular mass = 80 kDa. In the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol the molecular mass is approximately 40 kDa. SMC clusterin expression is regulated by culture conditions that also affect culture morphology. SMC cultures seeded on a preformed extracellular matrix composed of Matrigel form nodules within 24 h and cultures seeded on a collagen gel form nodules in 48-72 h. We establish here that Matrigel contains clusterin and propose that endogenous clusterin supports the rapid formation of nodules. The collagen gel does not contain clusterin but facilitates clusterin expression by smooth muscle cells. Nodule formation in SMC cultures growing on collagen gel is inhibited by the addition of anticlusterin antibody to SMC growing on collagen gels and the antibody effect is eliminated by preincubation with purified plasma clusterin. These results demonstrate differential expression of SMC clusterin and suggest that clusterin has a functional role in SMC modulation.
Cloning of the Zygosaccharomyces bailii GAS 1 homologue and effect of cell wall engineering on protein secretory phenotype (2010)

The data presented confirm that the engineering of the cell wall is an effective way to improve protein secretion in yeast. They also confirmed that Z. bailii is an interesting candidate, despite the knowledge of its genome and the tools for its manipulation still need to be improved. However, as already widely reported in literature, our data confirmed that an "always working" solution to the problems related to recombinant protein production can be hardly, if never, found; instead, manipulations have to be finely tuned for each specific product and/or combination of host cell and product.
Molecular Recognition and Metal Ion Template Synthesis (1989)

Methods for the design and synthesis of ligands intended to be specific for a metal ion have been a recent chemical development. This article describes how this process can be inverted so that the specifics of the coordination environment around the metal ion can be used as a template in large-scale ligand synthesis. The synthesis of macrobicyclic ligands for ferric ion has been accomplished by using active esters of catechol ligands in which catecholate coordination to iron is a prelude to the organic chemical reactions that link the coordination subunits together into one ligand system surrounding a central metal ion coordination site. The lanthanide(III) ions, which are among the most labile metal ions known, have coordination numbers of 8 or higher, and thus their encapsulation into a macrobicyclic structure is a challenging problem. Lanthanide amine complexes have been used as metal templates in the synthesis of such macrobicyclic lanthanide complexes. There is evidence that such a complex is inert to exchange in aqueous solution.
Are tobacco and alcohol use related to Alzheimer's disease? A critical assessment of the evidence and its implications (1996)

Elucidation of the association of tobacco and alcohol use with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may advance etiological hypotheses and provide a theoretical basis for treatment. There is currently no cure or effective treatment for AD, and no cause has been established. Pharmacological evidence supports a plausible biological mechanism for the involvement of tobacco use: nicotine compensates for some of the cholinergic deficits observed in AD. Epidemiological evidence, however, is inconsistent, although recent meta-analyses also support a protective effect. Although smoking per se is certainly not advocated, further investigation of a potential protective effect of nicotine on AD is warranted. Pharmacological studies implicate alcohol use as a possible risk factor for AD; the epidemiological studies are again inconclusive. Alcohol consumption is associated with daily smoking and smokers are, in turn, more likely to consume alcohol. Since tobacco use may decrease the risk of developing AD and alcohol use may increase it, it is important to consider these two substances together: the effect of one may negate the other. This literature review critically evaluates the evidence for an association of tobacco and alcohol use with AD and identifies key issues for further research.
A Single Gene (<i>tts</i>) Located outside the <i>cap</i> Locus Directs the Formation of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Type 37 Capsular Polysaccharide (1999)

The molecular aspects of the type 37 pneumococcal capsular biosynthesis, a homopolysaccharide composed of sophorosyl units (beta-d-Glc-(1-->2)-beta-d-Glc) linked by beta-1,3 bonds, have been studied. Remarkably, the biosynthesis of the type 37 capsule is driven by a single gene (tts) located far apart from the cap locus responsible for capsular formation in all of the types characterized to date in Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, a cap37 locus virtually identical to the cap33f cluster has been found in type 37 strains, although some of its genes are inactivated by mutations. The tts gene has been sequenced and its transcription start point determined. Tts shows sequence motifs characteristic of cellulose synthases and other beta-glycosyltransferases. Insertion of the tts gene into the pneumococcal DNA causes a noticeable genome reorganization in such a way that genes normally separated by more than 350 kb in the chromosome are located together in clinical isolates of type 37. Encapsulated pneumococcal strains belonging to 10 different serotypes (or serogroups) transformed with tts synthesized type 37 polysaccharide, leading to the formation of strains that display the binary type of capsule. Type 37 pneumococcus constitutes the first case of a natural, genetically binary strain and represents a novel alternative to the mechanisms of intertype transformation.
Steroidal Sapogenins<sup>1a</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroidal Sapogenins1aRussell E. Marker, R. B. Wagner, Paul R. Ulshafer, Emerson L. Wittbecker, Dale P. J. Goldsmith, and Clarence H. RuofCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 9, 2167–2230Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01201a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01201a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1002Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The modifying effect of glycerine and cysteamine on prophage lambda induction in E. coli cells under gamma irradiation]. (1990)

In studying the modifying influence of glycerol and cysteamine of gamma radiation induction of lambda prophage it was shown that dose curves for lambda prophage induced upon irradiation in normal conditions and in the presence of glycerol are those with a maximum. In the presence of cysteamine, the prophage induction is inhibited significantly.
Radio frequency dual magnetron sputtering deposition and characterization of nanocomposite Al2O3–ZrO2 thin films (2006)

Radio frequency magnetron sputtering from oxide targets has been used to synthesize crystalline alumina–zirconia nanocomposites at a relatively low temperature of 450°C. Films of different compositions have been deposited ranging from pure zirconia to pure alumina, the compositions being measured with Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection analysis. X-ray diffraction studies show the presence of the monoclinic zirconia phase in pure zirconia films. Addition of alumina into the film results in the growth of the cubic zirconia phase and amorphous alumina. No crystalline alumina was detected in either the composite or the pure alumina film. The microstructure of the films as studied by high resolution electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy shows a columnar growth mode in both the pure zirconia and nanocomposite films, but reveals differences in the intracolumnar structure. For the nanocomposite small equiaxed grains, ∼5nm in size, are found at the base of the columns at the interface with the substrate. An amorphous tissue of alumina was present between the small crystallites in the case of the nanocomposite.
Simple Template-Free Solution Route for the Controlled Synthesis of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CuO Nanostructures (2004)

The controlled synthesis of Cu(OH)2 nanowires and nanoribbons in a solution phase has been realized with high yield at low cost by simply dropping KOH and ammonia solutions into an aqueous solution of CuSO4 at ambient temperature. It is demonstrated that the morphology of nanostructured Cu(OH)2 is significantly influenced by the feeding manner of the alkaline solutions. A rational mechanism based on coordination self-assembly and oriented attachment is proposed for the selective formation of the polycrystalline Cu(OH)2 nanowires and single-crystalline Cu(OH)2 nanoribbons. In the presence of a polymeric additive, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), ordered assemblies of Cu(OH)2 nanorods can be readily obtained. Furthermore, well-defined CuO nanostructures, such as CuO nanoplatelets, nanoleaflets, and nanowires, were produced by thermal dehydration of the as-prepared Cu(OH)2 nanostructures in solution or in the solid state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the products.
Designing UI techniques for handwritten mathematics (2007)

We discuss the design of user interface techniques for visualizing and controlling the recognition of handwritten mathematics. In particular, we present a range of visualization styles for displaying the result of math recognition. These styles offer different trade-offs between ease of user correction of errors in recognition and impact on the user's entry of math. We also describe recognition control techniques, including using user-controlled mappings of allographs to achieve more robust symbol recognition and provide extensions to notation, and UI control of non-spatial information used in recognition. We generally do not discuss the precise user interface implementation necessary to use these techniques, for example whether to use menus or gestures, but just the functionality required. Finally, we provide, in an appendix, a sketch of the recognition and display implementation behind our techniques.
Novel members of the eph receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily expressed during Xenopus development. (1995)

Three cDNAs encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of the eph-subfamily have been identified based on their homology to Pagliaccio (Winning and Sargent, 1994, Mech. Dev. 46:219-229). These have been named TCK, Xelk (Xenopus homologue of elk), and PL7a (pag-like clone 7a). Each of these genes is expressed in a distinctive, tissue specific manner during early development. TCK is expressed in pre-somitic mesoderm, caudal somites, midbrain and cement gland. Xelk is expressed in the brain and spinal cord and in the first and fourth visceral arches. PL7a cDNA is expressed throughout the head and in the tip of the tail. All of the genes are represented in maternal mRNA, and are expressed in adult tissues. The Xelk cDNA encodes a protein which is 94% identical to rat elk and therefore is likely to represent the Xenopus homologue of this gene. TCK and PL7a are less related to previously identified eph-subfamily RTKs. The inability to unambiguously assign TCK and PL7a as Xenopus homologues of any previously identified eph RTK leads us to conclude that these cDNAs represent novel members of this family.
Speech recognition based on genetic algorithm fortraining HMM (1998)

Based on global optimisation, a new genetic algorithm for training hidden Markov models (HMMs) is proposed. The results of speech recognition are presented and a comparison made with the classic training HMM algorithm.
On the Rate of Convergence of Local Averaging Plug-In Classification Rules Under a Margin Condition (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The rates of convergence of plug-in kernel, partitioning, and nearest neighbors classification rules are analyzed. A margin condition, which measures how quickly the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">a posteriori</emphasis> probabilities cross the decision boundary, smoothness conditions on the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">a posteriori</emphasis> probabilities, and boundedness of the feature vector are imposed. The rates of convergence of the plug-in classifiers shown in this paper are faster than previously known. </para>
Viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes of liver disease (1993)

Advances continue in the field of viral hepatitis. The identification of receptors for hepatitis A virus will lead to a better understanding of its pathogenesis and perhaps to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, prevention of hepatitis A on a worldwide basis will come with the availability of inactivated vaccines. Implementation of universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus will reduce the number of acute and chronic cases and the risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. For those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, interferon-α treatment has proven effective. Immune selection, a consequence of vaccine programs and antiviral therapy, has probably contributed to the emergence of mutant forms of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis D virus, previously considered a defective virus requiring coinfection with hepatitis B virus to thrive, was shown to replicate in immunosuppressed patients undergoing organ transplantation without clinical evidence of infection. Hepatitis E virus has now been reported in the United States, primarily in tourists or immigrants coming from endemic areas. Parasitic infections remain an important cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. Finally, new bacteria continue to be identified in the pathogenesis of liver disease, especially among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1993, 9:349-354