gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Configurational statistics in<i>a</i>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloys: A quantitative bonding analysis (1988)

The composition of hydrogenated silicon nitride films produced either by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) with 0.01\ensuremath{\le}[${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$]\ensuremath{\le}20 in the 220--320-\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C temperature range or by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition at 800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C was determined by elastic-recoil-detection techniques and compared with the relative and absolute atomic densities deduced from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical measurements in the infrared (ir) range. The [N]/[Si] ratio of PECVD samples followed a square-root dependence on [${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$] over most of the gas-ratio range. We propose original calibrations of most of the ir-absorption bands observed in these samples over the 600--3600-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range, and we derived the experimental bond statistics by assuming complete valence satisfaction. In particular, the oscillator-strength factor of each of the six components of the SiH stretching peak was determined. The detailed statistics of all the hydrogenated configurations established for the first time in such a silicon-based ternary alloy are then compared to those expected to those expected for a random-bonded network. The most striking deviations from configurational randomness were observed at low nitrogen contents where more than two out of three silicon neighbors of a given nitrogen atom are monohydrogenated. Nitrogen atoms are found to have at least one monohydrogenated silicon nearest neighbor in all samples up to [N]/[Si]=1.1. The generality of such a second-neighbor correlation in hydrogenated III-IV amorphous alloys is also discussed.
Semi-Adaptive Coupling Technique for the Prediction of Impact Damage (2005)

The work aims to present a novel semi-adaptive numerical coupling technique in which the finite elément mesh is replaced by a discrete formulation in the failure region or damage zone at large strain. The prediction of impact damage of aramid paper honeycomb (NOMEX) cores sandwich panels under high velocity impacts have been investigated using the proposed semi-adaptive coupling technique. In the crush zone where the finite elements are replaced by discrete particles, the particles are compressed together by the compression stresses which allow stable computation without element elimination.
Effects of Engine Variables on Turbulence in a Spark-Ignition Engine (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurements of turbulence within the cylinder of a motored CFR engine were taken with a hot-wire anemometer. Tests were conducted over a range of engine speeds, volumetric efficiencies, and compression ratios with both shrouded and nonshrouded intake valves. Data were processed digitally using both ensemble- and time-averaging techniques. Mean velocities, turbulent intensities, and turbulent micro and integral scales were computed. A nonstationary time-averaged analysis was found to give consistent and physically reasonable results. The turbulence which exists near TDC of compression was found to be isotropic, with both its intensity and scale determined by the intake process.</div>
Simultaneous Localization and Planning for Physical Mobile Robots via Enabling Dynamic Replanning in Belief Space (2015)

Simultaneous planning while localizing is a crucial ability for an autonomous robot operating under uncertainty. This paper addresses this problem by designing methods to dynamically replan while the localization uncertainty or environment map is updated. In particular, relying on sampling-based methods, the proposed online planning scheme can cope with challenging situations, including when the localization update or changes in the environment alter the homotopy class of trajectories, in which the optimal plan resides. The proposed algorithm eliminates the need for stabilization in the state-of-the-art FIRM (Feedback-based Information RoadMap) method, and outperforms its performance and success probability. Applying belief space planning to physical systems brings with it a plethora of challenges. Thus, designing computationally tractable algorithms, a key focus and contribution of this paper is to implement the proposed planner on a physical robot and show the SLAP (simultaneous localization and planning) performance under uncertainty, in changing environments, and in the presence of large disturbances such as kidnapped robot situation.
A 7MeV S-Band 2998MHz Variable Pulse Length Linear Accelerator System (2006)

An S-band (2998MHz) linear accelerator system capable of producing a range of pulse lengths and currents for radiation chemistry research has been designed and commissioned by American Science and Engineering High Energy Systems Division (AS&E HESD.) The system allows samples to be exposed to electron beam pulses as short as 8nS FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) with 1.1A peak current and pulses as long as 3uS with .12A peak current. The available electron pulse durations are 3uS, 400nS, 200nS 100nS, 40nS, 18nS and 8nS. FWHM. The pulse repetition rate is variable from 50 to 250pps. The beam centerline consists of a pulsed electron gun (3A 15kV 1.5-3uS pulse duration), an electrostatic deflector (±1.5kV), a side coupled standing wave linear accelerator fed by a 2.6MW magnetron, beam focusing optics and a Bergoz FCT current monitor. In this paper a discussion of the beam centerline construction, deflector design and experimental data are presented.
Antibacterial Activity of Copper and Cobalt Amino Acids Complexes (2011)

The antibacterial properties of differently copper and cobalt amino acids complexes on agar plates was investigated in the present study. The antibacterial activity of amino acid complexes was evaluated against on three bacteria strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus). Generally, the amino acids complexes were mainly active against gram-positive organisms, species like Micrococcus luteus being the most susceptible strain tested. It was registered a moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. The microorganisms Escherichia coli, which are already known to be multi-resistant to drugs, were also resistant to the amino acids complexes but also to the free salts tested. Escherichia coli were susceptible only to the CoCl2 and copper complex with phenylalanine. The complexes with leucine and histidine seem to be more active than the parent free ligand against one or more bacterial species. Moderate activity was registered in the case of complexes with methionine and phenylalanine. From the complexes tested less efficient antibacterial activity was noted in the case of complexes with lysine and valine. These results show that cobalt and copper complexes have an antibacterial activity and suggest their potential application as antibacterial agents.
Skin‐Inspired Multifunctional Autonomic‐Intrinsic Conductive Self‐Healing Hydrogels with Pressure Sensitivity, Stretchability, and 3D Printability (2017)

The advent of conductive self-healing (CSH) hydrogels, a class of novel materials mimicking human skin, may change the trajectory of the industrial process because of their potential applications in soft robots, biomimetic prostheses, and health-monitoring systems. Here, the development of a mechanically and electrically self-healing hydrogel based on physically and chemically cross-linked networks is reported. The autonomous intrinsic self-healing of the hydrogel is attained through dynamic ionic interactions between carboxylic groups of poly(acrylic acid) and ferric ions. A covalent cross-linking is used to support the mechanical structure of the hydrogel. Establishing a fair balance between the chemical and physical cross-linking networks together with the conductive nanostructure of polypyrrole networks leads to a double network hydrogel with bulk conductivity, mechanical and electrical self-healing properties (100% mechanical recovery in 2 min), ultrastretchability (1500%), and pressure sensitivity. The practical potential of CSH hydrogels is further revealed by their application in human motion detection and their 3D-printing performance.
An evaluation of modified silica nanoparticles’ efficiency in enhancing oil recovery of light and intermediate oil reservoirs (2013)

The role of nanoparticles in enhancing oil recovery from oil reservoirs is an increasingly important topic of research. Nanoparticles have the properties that are potentially useful for enhanced oil recovery processes, as they are solid and two orders of magnitude smaller than colloidal particles. This paper presents a comparison between the efficiency of modified silica nanoparticles in enhancing oil recovery from two different Iranian light and intermediate oil reservoirs. The mechanisms used to recover additional oil would be oil–water interfacial tension reduction and wettability alteration. Oil phase contact angles and oil–water interfacial tensions were measured in the absence and the presence of nano fluids’ different concentrations (1–4 g/L). Results showed that the interfacial tension reduces dramatically in the presence of nanoparticles for both light and intermediate oil. In addition oil phase contact angle results showed a transformation of rock wettability from water-wet toward oil-wet condition. However, these nanoparticles are more capable in the reduction of the interfacial tension and the alteration of wettability in the case of light oil reservoir. A comparison between recovery results indicated that these nanoparticles are more efficient in light oil reservoirs and produce more incremental amount of oil after primary and secondary processes.
Thermally stable single-atom platinum-on-ceria catalysts via atom trapping (2016)

Catalysts based on single atoms of scarce precious metals can lead to more efficient use through enhanced reactivity and selectivity. However, single atoms on catalyst supports can be mobile and aggregate into nanoparticles when heated at elevated temperatures. High temperatures are detrimental to catalyst performance unless these mobile atoms can be trapped. We used ceria powders having similar surface areas but different exposed surface facets. When mixed with a platinum/aluminum oxide catalyst and aged in air at 800°C, the platinum transferred to the ceria and was trapped. Polyhedral ceria and nanorods were more effective than ceria cubes at anchoring the platinum. Performing synthesis at high temperatures ensures that only the most stable binding sites are occupied, yielding a sinter-resistant, atomically dispersed catalyst.
High-temperature transformation in KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>and RbH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>crystals (2001)

The high-temperature phenomena exhibited by KH2PO4 and RbH2PO4 have been investigated by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric methods, and thermo-polarizing microscopy. The thermal transformations which appear at Tp = 196 °C in KH2PO4 and Tp = 96 °C in RbH2PO4 are endothermic in addition to showing weight loss. On heating further to beyond Tp, the thermal transformation shows several endothermic peaks and there is weight loss in KH2PO4 and RbH2PO4. It has been observed by thermo-polarizing microscopy that until Tp is exceeded, uniaxial interference figures are exhibited by crystals of KH2PO4 and RbH2PO4, with cracks and chemical change at the surface of KH2PO4 near Tp~192 °C and RbH2PO4 near Tp~92 °C. The high-temperature phenomena exhibited by KH2PO4 and RbH2PO4 near Tp could indicate not changes from tetragonal to monoclinic structure but chemical decomposition at the surface of the crystals such as that described by nMH2PO4→MnH2PnO3n + 1 + (n-1)H2O (M = K, Rb)
Coherent EUV Light from High-Order Harmonic Generation: Enhancement and Applications to Lensless Diffractive Imaging (2007)

<p>The first half of this thesis presents the first demonstration of quasi-phase matching in the coherent high-order harmonic conversion of ultrafast laser pulses into the EUV region of the spectrum. To achieve this quasi-phase matching, a novel method of fabricating hollow waveguides with a modulated inner diameter was developed. This technique lead to significant enhancements of EUV flux at wavelengths shorter than were previously accessible by known phase-matching techniques. In the second half of this thesis, the first tabletop demonstration of lensless diffractive imaging with EUV light is presented using HHG in a gas-filled hollow waveguide to provide coherent illumination. This tabletop microscope shows a spatial resolution of &sim; 200 nm and a large depth of field. Furthermore, the technique is easily scalable to shorter wavelengths of interest to biological imaging. </p>
Real-time B-scan ultrasound in middle ear assessment. A preliminary report. (1990)

Middle ear visualization is difficult otoscopically due to the usual opacity of the eardrum. Though various procedures have been developed, difficulties exist in determining effusion and other middle ear anomalies. Past studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of A-scan ultrasound for such purposes. The present study reports initial results of real-time B-scan sonography on patients with normal and effusion-filled middle ears. Consistent landmarks are seen in the normals. Fluid appears in the abnormals as a band or elliptical area of nonreflectance medial to the eardrum. Though further study is necessary to determine reliability, initial results are promising for this application.
Introduction (2001)

Every physical actuator is subject to saturation. For this reason, the original formulations of many fundamental control problems, including controllability and time optimal control, all reflect the constraints imposed by actuator saturation. Control problems that involve hard nonlinearities such as actuator saturation, however, turned out to be difficult to deal with. As a result, even though there have been continual efforts in addressing actuator saturation (see [4] for a chronological bibliography on this subject), its effect has been ignored in most of the modern control literature
Age-related changes in motor subtle signs among girls and boys with ADHD (2008)

Results indicated that girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) performed similarly to age-matched controls on a quantified motor examination. These results parallel patterns of findings from neuroimaging studies, in which neurologic anomalies in areas related to motor control are present in boys with ADHD, but more equivocal in girls with ADHD. Sex-related differences observed in children with ADHD likely extend beyond symptom presentation to development of motor control, and are likely related to earlier brain maturation in girls.
Dicarbonyls, Reductones, and Heterocyclics Produced by Reactions of Reducing Sugars with Secondary Amine Salts (1963)

(1963). Dicarbonyls, Reductones, and Heterocyclics Produced by Reactions of Reducing Sugars with Secondary Amine Salts. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 21, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1963, pp. 84-92.
Vapor Extraction of Heavy Oil and Bitumen:  A Review (2007)

The vapor extraction of heavy oil and bitumen, or Vapex, has emerged as a very promising recovery process since its invention in 1991. The principal reason is the environmental friendliness of Vapex together with its cost-effective nature vis-à-vis other recovery processes. This paper assimilates and presents the research and technological contributions made toward Vapex. The development and applicability of Vapex is brought up in context of the availability of oil from natural sources, challenges of oil recovery, environmental factors, and cost economics. Significant findings and salient features of several experimental and theoretical studies on Vapex are included. Various factors that influence the operation of Vapex are discussed. Important issues are identified that need further investigations for the continued enhancement of Vapex. It is expected that this paper will serve as a useful reference tool for the engineers and scientists interested in Vapex.
Enhanced Soft Magnetic Properties of Iron-Based Powder Cores with Co-Existence of Fe3O4–MnZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles (2018)

An iron-based soft magnetic composite with Fe3O4-MnZnFe2O4 insulation coating has been prepared by powder metallurgy method. This work investigated the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe/Fe3O4-MnZnFe2O4 powder cores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis indicated that the Fe3O4 and MnZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the surface of Fe powders. The co-existence of Fe3O4 and MnZnFe2O4 contributes to the preferable distribution of nano-sized insulation powders and excellent soft magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) with high saturation magnetization Ms (215 A·m2/kg), low core loss (178.7 W/kg measured at 100 kHz, 50 mT), and high effective amplitude permeability of 114 (measured at 100 kHz). Overall, this work has great potential for realizing low core loss and outstanding soft magnetic properties of Fe-based powder cores.
CD3 polymorphism in cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) (2001)

Cynomolgus monkeys were divided into two groups in terms of the reactivity of their lymphocytes with the FN18 monoclonal antibody, which is directed to the CD3 of rhesus monkeys. It was shown that 24 (12.2%) out of 196 monkeys did not have lymphocytes that reacted with the FN18, although T cells from those animals responded well to mitogenic stimulation. We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the CD3delta, CD3gamma, and CD3epsilon chains and found that two amino acids of the CD3epsilon chain of the FN18 non-reactive monkeys were different when compared with the FN18 reactive monkeys. Our results indicated that the CD3epsilon molecule of cynomolgus monkeys is polymorphic at the epitope level, which is recognized by the FN18 monoclonal antibody.
Hourly analysis of a very large topically categorized web query log (2004)

We review a query log of hundreds of millions of queries that constitute the total query traffic for an entire week of a general-purpose commercial web search service. Previously, query logs have been studied from a single, cumulative view. In contrast, our analysis shows changes in popularity and uniqueness of topically categorized queries across the hours of the day. We examine query traffic on an hourly basis by matching it against lists of queries that have been topically pre-categorized by human editors. This represents 13% of the query traffic. We show that query traffic from particular topical categories differs both from the query stream as a whole and from other categories. This analysis provides valuable insight for improving retrieval effectiveness and efficiency. It is also relevant to the development of enhanced query disambiguation, routing, and caching algorithms.
Computer-assisted total hip navigation. (2008)

Accurate implant placement in total hip replacement is important in avoiding dislocation, impingement, and edge-loading throughout the patient's postoperative functional range of motion. Current implants and bearing surfaces now provide the potential for prolonged longevity of the reconstruction, which can be compromised by malposition of the components outside of designated "safe zones." Computer-assisted hip navigation offers the potential for more accurate placement of hip components and control of leg length and offset. Systems are now available that allow registration of the bony anatomy based on preoperative CT images, intraoperative fluoroscopic images, or imageless techniques based on palpation of the landmarks. In each of these approaches, cup position has been based on coordinate systems formed by identification of the anterior pelvic frontal plane. All systems have shown improved accuracy of acetabular cup placement compared with conventional manual techniques. Cup anteversion is less accurate than cup abduction with the imageless approach. Measurements made with the use of navigation systems also have shown a large variation in pelvic tilt or pelvic flexion-extension in series of cases, which can affect the appropriate cup position for each patient. The results of computer-assisted navigation in the future may be improved by incorporation of measurements of each patient's pelvic tilt, femoral stem position, and hip kinematics.
Essential Oil Constituents of<i>Trachyspermum copticum</i>(L.) Link Fruits (1993)

ABSTRACT The essential oil, which was obtained by steam distillation of fruits of Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link harvested in Turkey, was analyzed direcdy by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified of which thymol (61%) was present in greatest quantity. Other major components were p-cymene (15.6%) and γ-terpinene (11.9%)