gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine on granulocytic, erythroid, and T-lymphocytic colony growth (1991)

Previous studies have shown that 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine (CdA) is markedly toxic to normal and malignant human lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Recent clinical trials have shown that CdA is a very promising drug for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. The present investigations were designed to test the effect of CdA on the in vitro clonal growth of both myeloid progenitors and T-lymphocyte colony- forming cells (CFU-TL) obtained from normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cells were exposed to CdA in doses up to 1280 nmol/L. To reduce indirect effects of CdA mediated by accessory cells, monocyte- and T-lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells were used for our investigations. The results show a marked inhibition of myeloid progenitor and lymphocyte colony-forming cells in a dose-dependent manner, correlating with maturation stage in that the immature progenitor cells are more sensitive to this drug. Furthermore, our studies suggest that a sequence of metabolic events previously described for lymphocytes may be operative in myeloid progenitor cells because a minimal exposure time of 48 hours is required to obtain a marked inhibition. CdA toxicity was proposed to be linked with phosphorylation by deoxycytidine-kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.74), the levels of which have been found to be high in lymphocytes, but low in granulocytes. However, the marked inhibition of myeloid progenitor cells shown in these studies suggests that other factors such as modulation of the effect of CdA by the ambient levels of other deoxynucleosides might influence the apparent sensitivity of myeloid cells.
Modeling and Optimal Device Design for 4H-SiC Super-Junction Devices (2008)

In this paper, a new and easy-to-implement analytical model is developed for the breakdown voltage and on-resistance of 4H-SiC superjunction devices. By considering the 2-D charge compensation effects, electric field distribution along the critical path has been modeled, and the device breakdown voltage has been calculated. Charge imbalance effects have also been accounted for. Results from the model have been validated by extensive numerical simulation for a large variety of device dimensions and doping concentrations. The proposed model is simple yet accurate for a relatively complicated and challenging structure. Through a device design example with a given set of constraints, it has been demonstrated that the proposed model can quickly provide an optimum structure for what might take weeks through numerical simulation. It can therefore provide useful guidelines for future developments of superjunction devices on 4H-SiC.
Synthesis and enzymatic hydrolysis of polydepsipeptides with functionalized pendant groups (1996)

Abstract Water‐soluble polydepsipeptides with functionalized side‐chain groups, i.e., alternating copolymers, consisting of glycolic acid (Glc) and L ‐lysine ( L ‐Lys), L ‐aspartic acid ( L ‐Asp) or L ‐glutamic acid ( L ‐Glu) residues as α‐hydroxy acid and α‐amino acid residues, respectively, were synthesized, and their biodegradation behavior was investigated. Three kinds of polydepsipeptides, poly(Glc‐ alt ‐Lys), poly(Glc‐ alt ‐Asp) and poly(Glc‐ alt ‐Glu), were synthesized by means of ring‐opening polymerization of the corresponding cyclodepsipeptides and subsequent deprotection of benzyl and benzyloxycarbonyl groups. In order to estimate the main‐chain cleavage behavior of polydepsipeptides with functionalized side‐chain groups, the hydrolysis behavior of the obtained water‐soluble polydepsipeptides was first investigated in phosphate buffer solution with or without an enzyme in vitro .
Blind Distributed MU-MIMO for IoT Networking over VHF Narrowband Spectrum (2019)

Longer range, in rural/urban IoT networks, allow a large geographical coverage with only a few base-stations, making their deployment and operation economical. In this paper we explore the 150-174 MHz spectrum for long range IoT networks comprising unlicensed MURS and licensed VHF narrowbands. Range in these bands is boosted by the lower RF frequencies as well as higher transmit powers allowed by the FCC. Through a 400 sq km wide area deployment study, we show that, these spectrum bands can provide > 20× the geographical coverage than that in the 900 MHz ISM band LoRa. Increased range translates to greater uplink IoT device traffic. The key contribution of this paper is a novel technique - Blind Distributed MU-MIMO, that allows capacity to scale with the number of antennas (base- stations) while not requiring any coordinated channel measurements between the devices and IoT base- stations. This requirement is crucial since in IoT networks power constrained IoT devices typically sleep and wake up to transmit short messages in response to unpredictable events without any coordination with the base-stations. We demonstrate the efficacy of Blind Distributed MU-MIMO through a real wide area deployment.
Cold atmospheric pressure air plasma jet for medical applications (2008)

By flowing atmospheric pressure air through a direct current powered microhollow cathode discharge, we were able to generate a 2cm long plasma jet. With increasing flow rate, the flow becomes turbulent and temperatures of the jet are reduced to values close to room temperature. Utilizing the jet, yeast grown on agar can be eradicated with a treatment of only a few seconds. Conversely, animal studies show no skin damage even with exposures ten times longer than needed for pathogen extermination. This cold plasma jet provides an effective mode of treatment for yeast infections of the skin.
Learning Domain-Specific Discourse Rules for Information Extraction (1995)

This paper describes a system that learns discourse rules for domain-speci#c analysis of unrestricted text. The goal of discourse analysis in this context is to transform locally identi#ed references to relevant information in the text into a coherent representation of the entire text. This involves a complex series of decisions about merging coreferential objects, #ltering out irrelevant information, inferring missing information, and identifying logical relations between domain objects. The Wrap-Up discourse analyzer induces a set of classi#ers from a training corpus to handle these discourse decisions. Wrap-Up is fully trainable, and not only determines what classi#ers are needed based on domain output speci#cations, but automatically selects the features needed by each classi#er. Wrap-Up&apos;s classi#ers blend linguistic knowledge with real world domain knowledge. Introduction Discourse analysis takes on a special role in a system that analyzes real-world text such as...
SCPlib: a concurrent programming library for programming heterogeneous networks of computers (2002)

This paper describes the Scalable Concurrent Programming Library (SCPlib), basic technology that supports irregular applications on scalable concurrent hardware and heterogeneous computing environments. The library is optimized to take advantage of the best available underlying communication and synchronization on a variety of high-performance multicomputers, shared-memory multiprocessors, and networked PCs and workstations. It also provides a framework for heterogeneous communication and file I/O, load balancing, and dynamic granularity control. The effectiveness of the library has been demonstrated on a variety of industrial strength applications.
Optimal switch allocation for automatic load transfer in distribution substations (2011)

This work proposes a methodology for optimized allocation of switches for automatic load transfer in distribution systems in order to improve the reliability indexes by restoring such systems which present voltage classes of 23 to 35 kV and radial topology. The automatic switches must be allocated on the system in order to transfer load remotely among the sources at the substations. The problem of switch allocation is formulated as nonlinear constrained mixed integer programming model subject to a set of economical and physical constraints. A dedicated Tabu Search (TS) algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The proposed methodology is tested for a large real-life distribution system.
A critical path selection method for delay testing (2005)

An approach for selecting critical paths along which testable path delay faults can exist is presented. The proposed method is particularly helpful on path intensive circuits. Critical paths are selected implicitly with the aid of a combination of decision diagrams. An implicit method to eliminate untestable faults along the selected paths is also presented. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on path intensive ISCAS'85, ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmarks.
Unsupervised Multilingual Learning for Morphological Segmentation (2008)

For centuries, the deep connection between languages has brought about major discoveries about human communication. In this paper we investigate how this powerful source of information can be exploited for unsupervised language learning. In particular, we study the task of morphological segmentation of multiple languages. We present a nonparametric Bayesian model that jointly induces morpheme segmentations of each language under consideration and at the same time identifies cross-lingual morpheme patterns, or abstract morphemes. We apply our model to three Semitic languages: Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, as well as to English. Our results demonstrate that learning morphological models in tandem reduces error by up to 24 % relative to monolingual models. Furthermore, we provide evidence that our joint model achieves better performance when applied to languages from the same family. 1
An Algorithm for Filling Regions on Graphics Display Devices (1983)

The display of shaded polygons, either by lines, crosshatching, dots, or continuous color patterns is a task frequently used in many application areas of computer graphics. In applications such as the production of hidden surface images, cartography, and animation, algorithm efficiency is important. In this paper, a new fill algorithm is presented which will fill an arbitrary polygon in the plane.-'No sorting is required and the algorithm is suitable for microprocessor or hardware implementation.
Prostaglandins in the treatment of cancer (1994)

Prostaglandins (PGs) with antiproliferative activity against tumor cells consist of the cyclopentenone PGs and the alkylidene cyclopentenone PGs. Such PGs are PGD2, PGJ2, delta 12-PGJ2, PGA1, delta 7-PGA1, and PGA2. Both PGJ2 and delta 12-PGJ2 are ultimate metabolites of PGD2 and have potent antiproliferative activity on tumor cells. delta 12-PGJ2 was identified in human urine, whereas delta 7-PGA1 has not been found in the human body. One important characteristic of both delta 7-PGA1 and delta 12-PGJ2 is that they have little cross resistance with cisplatin and adriamycin in vitro and in vivo. delta 7-PGA1 has 5-fold greater antitumor activity than delta 12-PGJ2. Methyl ester-delta 7PGA1 (methyl-delta 7-PGA1) is stable chemically and can be easily synthesized in large amounts. All four isomers of methyl-delta 7-PGA1 showed the same antiproliferative activities on ovarian carcinoma cells. In addition, methyl-delta 7-PGA1 integrated in lipid microspheres (lipo-methyl-delta 7-PGA1) is more soluble in water than methyl-delta 7-PGA1 alone. Hence, lipo-methyl-delta 7-PGA1 was selected for extensive preclinical studies. Intravenous administration of lipo-methyl-delta 7-PGA1 could inhibit the growth of both HeLa S3 and Lovo colon cancer cells transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Lipo-methyl-delta 7-PGA1 by intraperitoneal administration could prolong the survival of scid mice bearing 2008C/13* cells resistant to cisplatin. The combined administration of cisplatin and lipo-methyl-delta 7-PGA1 prolonged the survival of nude mice bearing HRA cells compared with each single agent alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Concept and Clinical Evaluation of Carrier-Mediated Anticancer Agents (2008)

Major advances in the use of carrier vehicles delivering pharmacologic agents and enzymes to sites of disease have occurred over the past 10 years. This review focuses on the concepts and clinical evaluation of carrier-mediated anticancer agents that are administered i.v. or orally. The primary types of carrier-mediated anticancer agents are nanoparticles, nanosomes, which are nanoparticle-sized liposomes, and conjugated agents. Nanosomes are further subdivided into stabilized and nonstabilized or conventional nanosomes. Nanospheres and dendrimers are subclasses of nanoparticles. Conjugated agents consist of polymer-linked and pegylated agents. The theoretical advantages of carrier-mediated drugs are greater solubility, longer duration of exposure, selective delivery of entrapped drug to the site of action, superior therapeutic index, and the potential to overcome resistance associated with the regular anticancer agent. The pharmacokinetic disposition of carrier-mediated agents depends on the physiochemical characteristics of the carrier, such as size, surface charge, membrane lipid packing, steric stabilization, dose, and route of administration. The primary sites of accumulation of carrier-mediated agents are the tumor, liver, and spleen, compared with noncarrier formulations. The drug that remains encapsulated in or linked to the carrier (e.g., the nanosome or nanoparticle) is an inactive prodrug, and thus the drug must be released from the carrier to be active. The factors affecting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of these agents remain unclear, but most likely include the reticuloendothelial system, which has also been called the mononuclear phagocyte system. Future studies need to evaluate the mechanism of clearance of carrier-mediated agents and identify the factors associated with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of carrier agents in patients and specifically in tumors.
Microprocessor System for Plate Column Control (1978)

The application of microprocessors in the chemical industry for process control, alarm scanning, and data collection is expected to be of major importance in the near future. A 600-mm diameter plate column which could be used for distillation and gas absorption has been controlled in an on/off mode by a 6502 microprocessor. Special precautions are required to ensure a fail-safe mode of operation during abnormal events such as power failure. The microprocessor system has been highly reliable and introduced an expanded flexibility for the operator in altering set point and alarm conditions.
Analysis of Amino and Carboxy Terminal GLUT-4 Targeting Motifs in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Using an Endosomal Ablation Technique (1999)

The targeting of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter, GLUT-4, to an intracellular compartment in adipocytes and muscle is one of the key features responsible for the unique insulin sensitivity of this transporter. Through expression of epitope-tagged GLUT-4 mutants in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, two motifs have been identified as playing a central role in GLUT-4 targeting: FQQI in the amino terminus and a di-leucine motif in the carboxy terminus. The goal of this study was to explore the role of these targeting motifs in the intracellular sorting of GLUT-4 using the Tf−HRP ablation technique. This technique provides a quantitative assessment of the amount of GLUT-4 located in recycling endosomes. In basal adipocytes, we find that ∼40% of GLUT-4 is ablated following Tf−HRP loading. In contrast, here we demonstrate that the intracellular pool of a mutant in which F5 was mutated to A5 is localized to the recycling endosomal pathway, suggesting that the amino terminal FQQI motif functions in trafficking GLUT-4 from early endosomes. In contrast, GLUT-4 in which L489L490 was mutated to A489A490 was localized predominantly to a nonablated compartment. These data imply a role for the di-leucine motif in sorting from a separate intracellular compartment, such as the TGN. Our findings are discussed within the context of a revised multicompartment model for GLUT-4 trafficking in adipocytes, in which mutations in either the FQQI or LL motifs result in the altered subcellular trafficking of GLUT-4 between multiple intracellular compartments.
Video-based activity and movement pattern analysis in overnight sleep studies (2008)

We present a non-contact monitoring system to measure the quality of sleep using near-infrared video in this paper. We envision a smart home environment in which a processing module can be installed in the bedroom to record and monitor sleep in a noninvasive manner. We describe the procedure adopted to infer motion information and discuss the method for estimating wake/sleep status from the acquired video. Performance of the proposed system was evaluated through comparison with simultaneous recordings of actigraph and polysomnography (PSG) data.
Hyperparathyroidism and Urolithiasis (1950)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1950Hyperparathyroidism and Urolithiasis Donald E. Beard, and William E. Goodyear Donald E. BeardDonald E. Beard More articles by this author , and William E. GoodyearWilliam E. Goodyear More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)68689-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1950 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByVeenema R, Longo F and Fish G (2018) Functioning Parathyroid Tumors: Clinical Pathology and Diagnostic CriteriaJournal of Urology, VOL. 85, NO. 2, (183-188), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1961.Heyman A and Lombardo L (2018) The Urologist’s Role in the Diagnosis of HyperparathyroidismJournal of Urology, VOL. 83, NO. 5, (727-729), Online publication date: 1-May-1960.Higgins C (2018) Etiology and Prevention of Renal CalculiJournal of Urology, VOL. 68, NO. 1, (117-124), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1952. Volume 64Issue 5November 1950Page: 638-642 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1950 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Donald E. Beard More articles by this author William E. Goodyear More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Statistical Science Training for Government Employees (1974)

Not many of us know of a relatively new nationwide training organization which has been offering courses in a large variety of subjects, such as ADP management, financial management, management sciences, and information science annually to thousands of Federal, State and local government employees. This organization is the United States Civil Service Commission's Bureau of Training, operating out of six training centers in Washington, D.C., and ten regional training centers located in all sections of the country. Statisticians, economists and teachers of statistics would be particularly interested in learning that one of the flourishing training programs under the auspices of the Civil Service Commission is in applied statistical science. During the past three years between 1500 and 2000 government employees throughout the country (mostly from the Federal Government) have attended one of the several different courses conducted by the Commission in statistical subjects. These courses have been well received by the trainees. The Commission is now working toward making these courses available to Federal, State and local government employees nationwide, and plans to expand the number of courses in the future. This paper gives a brief description of five of the Commission's present statistical courses, their objectives, general content and method of instruction. The method by which statistics is taught in these seminars has been greatly appreciated by the participants and this fact alone can serve as a guide to teachers of statistics elsewhere. But the receptivity of illustrations of statistical science and its tools of fact-finding and analysis of data in real government problems has been so favorable as to overshadow nearly all other successful features of the statistical science training program. This paper is written not only to inform statisticians and teachers of statistics, but also to alert the many executives, administrators, managers, supervisors and analysts in government who have not heard of the program and who could profit from participating in it, as did those few who took a chance in enrolling in the often-feared subject of statistics. The orientation of these seminars to practical problems of government, management, budgeting, cost control, fact-finding, etc., rather than to the more usual technical methodology has made these seminars understandable and palatable. The Commission has recognized the value of imparting knowledge of the wide-spread applicability of statistical science in government work, as well as the necessary skills to use those techniques. Statistical science training geared to specific areas of government, illustrating the potentialities of similar applications in other areas, has generated considerable interest in the practical uses of statistics and reduced fear of its complexities and skepticism of its practical utility in government work. The current system of training appears to have contributed toward a more balanced and practical view of statistical sciences in support of management.
Excitation of the Terrestrial Wave Guide by Sources in the Lower Ionosphere (1971)

The effectiveness of a dipole source within the ionosphere is determined relative to a ground based source of the same dipole moment. The earth‐to‐ionospheric cavity is excited best if dip angles of the geomagnetic field are in excess of 15° to 20°. In the optimum orientation the axes of electric and magnetic dipoles are transverse to the geomagnetic field; axial electric dipoles are particularly ineffective. For frequencies in the VLF range the relative effectiveness of an ionospheric source is about 10% at nighttime and 1% at daytime. In the ELF range the relative effectiveness is from 20 to 100%.
GCTrees: Garbage collecting snapshots (2015)

File-system snapshots have been a key component of enterprise storage management since their inception. Creating and managing them efficiently, while maintaining flexibility and low overhead, has been a constant struggle. Although the current state-of-the-art mechanism, hierarchical reference counting, performs reasonably well for traditional small-file workloads, these workloads are increasingly vanishing from the enterprise data center, replaced instead with virtual machine and database workloads. These workloads center around a few very large files, violating the assumptions that allow hierarchical reference counting to operate efficiently. To better cope with these workloads, we introduce GCTrees, a novel method of space management that uses concepts of block lineage across snapshots, rather than explicit reference counting. As a proof of concept, we create a prototype file system, gcext4, a modified version of ext4 that uses GCTrees as a basis for snapshots and copy-on-write. In evaluating this prototype analytically, we find that, though they have a somewhat higher overhead for traditional workloads, GCTrees have dramatically lower overhead than hierarchical reference counting for large-file workloads, improving by a factor of 34 or more in some cases. Furthermore, gcext4 performs comparably to ext4 across all workloads, showing that GCTrees impose minor cost for their benefits.