gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Obvious Abnormality in Mice Deficient in Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase β (2000)

The development of neurons and glia is governed by a multitude of extracellular signals that control protein tyrosine phosphorylation, a process regulated by the action of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Receptor PTPbeta (RPTPbeta; also known as PTPzeta) is expressed predominantly in the nervous system and exhibits structural features common to cell adhesion proteins, suggesting that this phosphatase participates in cell-cell communication. It has been proposed that the three isoforms of RPTPbeta play a role in regulation of neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, and gliogenesis. To investigate the biological functions of this PTP, we have generated mice deficient in RPTPbeta. RPTPbeta-deficient mice are viable, are fertile, and showed no gross anatomical alterations in the nervous system or other organs. In contrast to results of in vitro experiments, our study demonstrates that RPTPbeta is not essential for neurite outgrowth and node formation in mice. The ultrastructure of nerves of the central nervous system in RPTPbeta-deficient mice suggests a fragility of myelin. However, conduction velocity was not altered in RPTPbeta-deficient mice. The normal development of neurons and glia in RPTPbeta-deficient mice demonstrates that RPTPbeta function is not necessary for these processes in vivo or that loss of RPTPbeta can be compensated for by other PTPs expressed in the nervous system.
Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immunity by (R)-Roscovitine: Potential Therapeutic Opportunity in Cystic Fibrosis (2016)

(R)-Roscovitine, a pharmacological inhibitor of kinases, is currently in phase II clinical trial as a drug candidate for the treatment of cancers, Cushing's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We here review the data that support the investigation of (R)-roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). (R)-Roscovitine displays four independent properties that may favorably combine against CF: (1) it partially protects F508del-CFTR from proteolytic degradation and favors its trafficking to the plasma membrane; (2) by increasing membrane targeting of the TRPC6 ion channel, it rescues acidification in phagolysosomes of CF alveolar macrophages (which show abnormally high pH) and consequently restores their bactericidal activity; (3) its effects on neutrophils (induction of apoptosis), eosinophils (inhibition of degranulation/induction of apoptosis) and lymphocytes (modification of the Th17/Treg balance in favor of the differentiation of anti-inflammatory lymphocytes and reduced production of various interleukins, notably IL-17A) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and restoration of innate immunity, and (4) roscovitine displays analgesic properties in animal pain models. The fact that (R)-roscovitine has undergone extensive preclinical safety/pharmacology studies, and phase I and II clinical trials in cancer patients, encourages its repurposing as a CF drug candidate.
<title>Optimization of the parameters for intrastromal refractive surgery with ultrashort laser pulses</title> (2001)

Focussing femtosecond laser pulses into a transparent media, such as corneal tissue, leads to optical breakdown, generation of a micro-plasma and, thus, a cutting effect inside the tissue. To proof the potential of fs-lasers in refractive surgery, three-dimensional cutting within the corneal stroma was evaluated. With the use of ultrashort laser pulses within the LASIK procedure (laser in situ keratomileusis) possible complications in handling of a mechanical knife, the microkeratome, can be reduced by using the treatment laser as the keratome itself. To study woundhealing effects, animal studies were carried out in rabbit specimen. The surgical outcome was analyzed by means of histological sections, as well as light and scanning electron microscopy. Dependencies on the dispersion caused by focussing optics were evaluated and optimized. Thus, pulse energies well below 1 (mu) J were sufficient to perform the intrastromal cuts. The laser pulses with a duration of 180 fs and energies of 0.5-100 (mu) J were provided by a modelocked frequency doubled erbium fiber-laser with subsequent chirped pulse amplification in a titanium sapphire amplifier at up to 3 kHz.
Timing of Fungicide Applications for<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>Based on Development Stage of Strawberry Flowers and Fruit (2002)

During the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 growing seasons, field experiments were conducted to identify the developmental stage(s) of strawberry flowers and fruit that requires fungicide applications to control Botrytis fruit rot. Fenhexamid, a protectant fungicide, was applied to individual newly opened flowers or fruit of cultivar Sweet Charlie at defined intervals after anthesis. In 1999-2000, a single application of fenhexamid at anthesis controlled Botrytis fruit rot as well as multiple weekly applications beginning at anthesis. During both seasons, disease control deteriorated as applications were delayed 7 and 14 days after anthesis. This trend was described by linear regression equations relating the time of application to Botrytis fruit rot incidence. Additional treatments tested the effects of emasculation and petal removal 3 to 7 days after anthesis. Emasculation significantly reduced disease incidence in 2000-2001. Petal removal produced modest but significant reductions in 1999-2000, but not in 2000-2001. These results demonstrate that strawberry flowers are more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea than green fruit, and suggest that stamens are the principal infection court. Fungicide applications should focus on peak bloom periods to minimize fungicide use and optimize control of preharvest Botrytis fruit rot. During these periods, applications should be made at close intervals (≤7 days) to minimize losses to Botrytis.
De la locura. (2004)

It is difficult to explain how people feel when they are considered insane, when they are different from the others, when they have to be locked up and medicated. Human beings have been suffering mental disorders since ancient time and the considerations and treatment society gives to them has been changing. From the ¨crazy people´s ship¨ in the XIV century, to modern mental hospitals, different societies have been judging each person and deciding who is insane. Nowadays, it is considered that a person whose attitude is different from the common ones, has mental problems. People say: ¨he is crazy¨ or ¨what a freak¨ and they judge anyone who is different from them. But, on the other hand, patients can be better assisted now than years ago. There are some therapies that give patients good results. However, there are some places, like Rio Negro, where the government does not help mentally ill people, therefore their families have to afford all the problems these people may cause. Because of this, it is interesting to have more information about the laws involved and the different meanings of madness throughout time. Also because anyone may suffer from a mental problem and usually everyone tends to isolate and discriminate this kind of people. So, these attitudes have to be eliminated and each person has to reconsider their feelings for the others, taking into account that they can also be in that difficult position.
Neuropsychological Characteristics of College Males Who Show Attention Dysfunction (1983)

400 male college students were screened on a measure of vigilance, the Continuous Performance Test. A Good Attention Group (upper 5% of the CPT score distribution) and a Poor Attention Group (lower 5%) were selected and compared on a series of perceptual and motor tests. The Good Attention Group was superior to the Poor Attention Group on most of the measures. The largest differences were found on tests assessing perceptual-motor organization. Attention dysfunction in this non-patient sample seems to be associated with performance deficits. Over-all, the pattern of neuropsychological results seen in the Poor Attention Group is not similar to the pattern seen in patients with lateralized brain damage but appears more similar to that seen in those with bilateral and diffuse cortical damage.
Shot-Level Camera Motion Estimation Based on a Parametric Model. (2005)

This paper presents a system for shot-level camera motion analysis via the estimation of global motion from image sequences. An affine model is used to parameterize the global motion resulting from motion of a camera (e.g. pan, zoom, tilt, rotation). A singular value decomposition (SVD) based gradient descent is executed to minimize the prediction error. To assure the convergence of the gradient descent algorithm, we employ a modified n-step search matching to estimate initial translation and apply the gradient de-scent over a pyramid of input images. M-estimator is used to remove the influence of outliers derived from local object motion. The recovered parameters can be tied to the qualitative analysis of physically meaningful camera motion by simple transformation. Towards the shot-level characterization of camera motion, several simple rules are carried out to condense the series of transformed parameters extracted from a whole shot. Those rules mainly concern the magnitudes and temporal persistency of each meaningful parameter. We submit seven runs to TRECVID 2005. Their run-ids are D0, D1, …, D6. They use the same set of algorithms with different parameters tuned for the rules described above. Based on the results, we have the findings: 1) the design of rules and related parameters ’ tuning is significant but difficult to cover many cases from diverse scene contents, 2) various sizes of camera shots (e.g. close-up, medium shot, long shot) makes it infeasible to secure a proper parametric assumption of camera motion as the global motion in large amounts of video data, and 3) the context dependent training could improve application performance wherein the context information may include video genre, shot size, and shot categories according to a priori knowledge of a scene. 1.
Lithium: the pharmacodynamic actions of the amazing ion (2012)

Lithium has been used for the treatment of mood disorders for over 60 years, yet the exact mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Two enzymatic chains or pathways emerge as targets for lithium: inositol monophosphatase within the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3. Lithium inhibits these enzymes through displacing the normal cofactor magnesium, a vital regulator of numerous signalling pathways. Here we provide an overview of evidence, supporting a role for the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and inositol monophosphatase in the pharmacodynamic actions of lithium. We also explore how inhibition of these enzymes by lithium can lead to downstream effects of clinical relevance, both for mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Establishing a better understanding of lithium's mechanisms of action may allow the development of more effective and more tolerable pharmacological agents for the treatment of a range of mental illnesses, and provide clearer insight into the pathophysiology of such disorders.
A TEMPERATURE-INDEPENDENT CONDUCTING STATE IN TETRACENE THIN FILM (1969)

Anomalous electrical conductivity phenomena have been observed in thin tetracene films sandwiched between metal electrodes. The resistivity of the tetracene layer is observed to change from a high value (``off state'') to a low value (``on state'') upon the application of voltage. In the ``on state'' the resistivity is both temperature insensitive and photoinsensitive. A preliminary interpretation of this behavior is presented.
A stable vision system for moving vehicles (2000)

This paper presents a novel approach to stabilize the output of video camera installed on a moving vehicle in a rugged environment. A 2.5D interframe motion model is proposed so that the stabilization system can perform in situations where significant depth changes are present and the camera has both rotation and translation. Inertial motion filtering is proposed in order to eliminate the vibration of the video sequences with enhanced perceptual properties. The implementation of this new approach integrates four modules: pyramid-based motion detection, motion identification and 2.5D motion parameter estimation, inertial motion filtering, and affine-based motion compensation. The stabilization system can smooth unwanted vibrations or shakes of video sequences and achieve real-time speed. We test the system on IBM PC compatible machines and the experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms many algorithms which require parallel pipeline image processing machines.
Enabling query processing across heterogeneous data models: A survey (2017)

Modern applications often need to manage and analyze widely diverse datasets that span multiple data models [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Warehousing the data through Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) processes can be expensive in such scenarios. Transforming disparate data into a single data model may degrade performance. Further, curating diverse datasets and maintaining the pipeline can prove to be labor intensive. As a result, an emerging trend is to shift the focus to federating specialized data stores and enabling query processing across heterogeneous data models [6]. This shift can bring many advantages: First, systems can natively leverage multiple data models, which can translate to maximizing the semantic expressiveness of underlying interfaces and leveraging the internal processing capabilities of component data stores. Second, federated architectures support query-specific data integration with just-in-time transformation and migration, which has the potential to significantly reduce the operational complexity and overhead. Projects that focus on developing systems in this research area stem from various backgrounds and address diverse concerns, which could make it difficult to form a consistent view of the work in this area. In this survey, we introduce a taxonomy for describing the state of the art and propose a systematic evaluation framework conducive to understanding of query-processing characteristics in the relevant systems. We use the framework to assess four representative implementations: BigDAWG [7], [8], CloudMdsQL [9], [10], Myria [11], [12], and Apache Drill [13].
Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: Emotional expression and brain physiology: I. (1990)

In this experiment, we combined the measurement of observable facial behavior with simultaneous measures of brain electrical activity to assess patterns of hemispheric activation in different regions during the experience of happiness and disgust. Disgust was found to be associated with right-sided activation in the frontal and anterior temporal regions compared with the happy condition. Happiness was accompanied by left-sided activation in the anterior temporal region compared with disgust. No differences in asymmetry were found between emotions in the central and parietal regions. When data aggregated across positive films were compared to aggregate negative film data, no reliable differences in brain activity were found. These findings illustrate the utility of using facial behavior to verify the presence of emotion, are consistent with the notion of emotion-specific physiological patterning, and underscore the importance of anterior cerebral asymmetries for emotions associated with approach and withdrawal.
KMUP‐1 activates BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels in basilar artery myocytes <i>via</i> cyclic nucleotide‐dependent protein kinases (2005)

This study investigated whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, augments the delayed-rectifier potassium (K(DR))- or large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BKCa) channel activity in rat basilar arteries through protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cerebral smooth muscle cells were enzymatically dissociated from rat basilar arteries. Conventional whole cell, perforated and inside-out patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to monitor K+- and Ca2+ channel activities. KMUP-1 (1 microM) had no effect on the K(DR) current but dramatically enhanced BKCa channel activity. This increased BKCa current activity was abolished by charybdotoxin (100 nM) and iberiotoxin (100 nM). Like KMUP-1, the membrane-permeable analogs of cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) and cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) enhanced the BKCa current. BKCa current activation by KMUP-1 was markedly inhibited by a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ 10 microM), an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ 22536 10 microM), competitive antagonists of cGMP and cAMP (Rp-cGMP, 100 microM and Rp-cAMP, 100 microM), and cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors (KT5823, 300 nM and KT5720, 300 nM). Voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current was significantly suppressed by KMUP-1 (1 microM), and nearly abolished by a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine, 1 microM). In conclusion, KMUP-1 stimulates BKCa currents by enhancing the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and in part this is due to increasing cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Physiologically, this activation would result in the closure of voltage-dependent calcium channels and the relaxation of cerebral arteries.
Defibrotide (DF) Targets Tumor-Microenvironmental Interactions and Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma and Solid Tumor Cells to Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutics. (2004)

Abstract Introduction: Defibrotide (DF) is a polydisperse oligonucleotide with anti-thrombotic, thrombolytic, anti-ischemic, and anti-adhesive properties, which selectively targets the microvasculature and has minimal hemorrhagic risk. DF is an effective treatment for veno-occlusive disease (VOD), an important regimen-related toxicity in stem cell transplantation characterized by endothelial cell injury. DF also augments stem cell mobilization by modulating adhesion in vivo. Because of its cytoprotective effect on the endothelium, we specifically investigated whether DF protects tumor cells from cytotoxic anti-tumor agents. Further, because of its broad anti-adhesive properties, we evaluated whether DF modulates the interaction of MM cells with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which confers growth, survival and drug resistance in the BM milieu. Methods: In vitro studies in isogenic dexamethasone (Dex)-sensitive and resistant MM cell lines (MM-1S and MM1R, respectively) showed that DF does not attenuate the sensitivity of MM cells to Dex, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341), melphalan (MEL), vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), taxanes (paclitaxel) or platinum (cisplatin), but does decrease their sensitivity to doxorubicin. These selective effects in vitro of DF in protecting tumor cells against doxorubicin and modestly sensitizing MM cells to platinum was also confirmed in solid tumor breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29) carcinoma cell lines. Although DF had minimal in vitro inhibitory effect on MM or solid tumor cell growth in vitro, it showed in vivo activity as a single agent and enhanced the responsiveness of MM tumors to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, such as MEL or cyclophosphamide, in human MM xenografts in SCID/NOD mice. The in vivo single-agent activity and chemosensitizing properties of DF, coupled with its lack of major in vitro activity, suggested that DF may not directly target tumor cells, but rather modulate tumor cell interaction with BMSCs. In an ex vivo model of co-culture of primary MM tumor cells with BMSCs (which protects MM cells against conventional chemotherapy), DF alone had a only modest effect on tumor cell viability, but it significantly enhanced MM cell sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy (e.g. MEL), suggesting that a major component of the biological effects of DF may be attributable not to direct targeting of tumor cells, but to modulation of the interactions that tumor cells develop with the local stromal milieu. Conclusion: Our studies show that DF mediates in vivo anti-MM activity by abrogating interactions of MM cells with their BM milieu, thereby enhancing sensitivity and overcoming resistance to conventional chemotherapy. These data support future clinical trials of DF, in combination with both conventional and novel therapies, to improve patient outcome in MM.
Exploration of the Mechanism of Platinum(II)-Catalyzed C–F Activation: Characterization and Reactivity of Platinum(IV) Fluoroaryl Complexes Relevant to Catalysis (2012)

A series of Pt(IV) complexes relevant to catalytic C–F activation have been prepared and structurally characterized. PtIV–F complexes, formed by C–F activation, underwent transmetalation with Me2Zn to generate Me3PtIV fluoroaryl complexes. In all cases, the Me3PtIV complex underwent reductive elimination to generate methylated organic products. The reactivity of both PtIV–F and Me3PtIV fluoroaryl complexes was strongly affected by the electronic nature of the cyclometalated fluoroaryl ligand.
Arabic Natural Language Processing (2022)

The Arabic language continues to be the focus of an increasing number of projects in natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL).This tutorial provides NLP/CL system developers and researchers (computer scientists and linguists alike) with the necessary background information for working with Arabic in its various forms: Classical, Modern Standard and Dialectal.We discuss various Arabic linguistic phenomena and review the state-of-the-art in Arabic processing from enabling technologies and resources, to common tasks and applications.The tutorial will explain important concepts, common wisdom, and common pitfalls in Arabic processing.Given the wide range of possible issues, we invite tutorial attendees to bring up interesting challenges and problems they are working on to discuss during the tutorial.
Iterative synthesis of acenesvia homo-elongation (2008)

Starting from aromatic ortho-dialdehydes, we devised a homo-elongation protocol that combines a Wittig olefination and subsequent intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation to produce acene diesters and dinitriles.
A comparison of BDDs, BMC, and sequential SAT for model checking (2004)

BDD-based model checking and bounded model checking (BMC) are the main techniques currently used in formal verification. In general, there are robustness issues in SAT-based versus BDD-based model checking. The research reported in this paper attempts to analyze the asymptotic run-time behavior of modern BDD-based and SAT based techniques for model checking to determine the circuit characteristics which lead to worst-case behavior in these approaches. We show evidence for a run-time characterization based on sequential correlation and clause density. We demonstrate that it is possible to predict the worst-case behavior of BMC based on these characterizations. This leads to some interesting insights into the behavior of these techniques on a variety of example circuits.
Evidence-Based Leadership (2005)

Abstract Many nations' governments are requiring schools to bring about significant, systematic, and sustained change to improve student outcomes in all settings, and have imposed mandates to ensure that schools are providing quality education and running efficiently and effectively. Consequently, national and state testing programs, standards-based agendas, and reporting methodologies have been imposed on schools with significant demands and, in many cases, demoralizing outcomes (Hargreaves 2003). As a result of these processes, test questions have become the curriculum; teacher judgment has become undervalued; and evidence that is ill-informed, outdated, and incorrect has been used to drive school change.