gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high power factor electronic ballast of projector lamps with variable frequency control (2003)

A variable-frequency electronic ballast to shorten the projector startup transition with feature of power factor correction is proposed in this paper. The circuit topology is composed of a boost converter as 1/sup st/ stage and a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-load inverter together with a single-stage step-up igniter as 2/sup nd/ stage. A 120 W prototype was built to test and verify the characteristics of the proposed projector lamp ballast at start-up and steady state conditions. It was found that start-up time was reduced by nearly 50% and a high power factor above 0.98 could be achieved. In addition, the power converter is designed to operate at zero-voltage-switching to reduce power losses. Experimental results show good performance, verifying the functionality of the proposed ballast.
The reinforcing effects of ethanol are altered by the endogenous neurosteroid, allopregnanolone. (1998)

We examined the effect of systemic administration of the endogenously occurring progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone, on oral self-administration of ethanol by male rats. Rats were trained to perform an operant response for presentation of 0.1 ml of a solution of 10% ethanol in water using the sucrose fading technique. After acquisition of stable lever-press responding on a fixed-ratio 4 schedule, subjects received subcutaneous injections of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg of allopregnanolone, or vehicle, 20 min prior to the self-administration session. Pretreatment with 3 mg/kg, but not 1 or 10 mg/kg, increased the mean total number of lever press responses made to obtain ethanol, and therefore increased the mean total number of ethanol presentations. The number of responses and response rate were examined as a function of the number of "runs" within the 30-min session; a "run" was defined as a series of consecutive responses with an interresponse interval of <1 min. The increase in total responses after 3 mg/kg was due in part to an increased number of responses for the first run of the session, with no effect on response rates. However, the higher dose of 10 mg/kg decreased response rates within the first run. Thus, allopregnanolone alters ethanol-reinforced responding at concentrations lower than those that depress rates of responding. The effects of administration of the benzodiazepene, diazepam, were determined for comparison with those of the neurosteroid. The subcutaneous injection of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg of diazepam did not produce any clear dose-dependent changes in measures of ethanol-reinforced operant responding, supporting the suggestion of differences in the contribution of the benzodiazepene and neurosteroid binding sites to GABA(A) receptor function. The results indicate that exogenous administration of allopregnanolone dose-dependently alters ethanol-reinforced operant responding, and suggest that this endogenously occurring neurosteroid could mediate some of the reinforcing effects of ethanol.
Food‐Related Odor Probes of Brain Reward Circuits During Hunger: A Pilot fMRI Study (2010)

Food aromas can be powerful appetitive cues in the natural environment. Although several studies have examined the cerebral responses to food images, none have used naturalistic food aromas to study obesity. Ten individuals (five normal-weight and five obese) were recruited to undergo 24 h of food deprivation. Subjects were then imaged on a 3T Siemens Trio-Tim scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) while smelling four food-related odors (FRO; two sweet odors and two fat-related) and four "nonappetitive odors" (NApO; e.g., Douglas fir). Before the imaging session, subjects rated their desire to eat each type of food to determine their most preferred (P-FRO). Across all 10 subjects, P-FRO elicited a greater blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response than the NApO in limbic and reward-related areas, including the bilateral insula and opercular (gustatory) cortex, the anterior and posterior cingulate, and ventral striatum. Obese subjects showed greater activation in the bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, but lean controls showed more activation in the posterior insula. Brain areas activated by food odors are similar to those elicited by cues of addictive substances, such as alcohol. Food odors are highly naturalistic stimuli, and may be effective probes of reward-related networks in the context of hunger and obesity.
Extending FMECA-health management design optimization for aerospace applications (2002)

Health management is a philosophy that merges component and system level health monitoring, consisting of anomaly detection, diagnostic and prognostic technologies, with the operations and maintenance arenas. The concepts of health management, in particular health monitoring system design, have not traditionally been an integral aspect of the overall system design process. This may be partly due to the fact that detailed cost/benefit analysis of health management system configurations cannot be fully realized at this stage. This paper presents an approach that extends the traditional Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) to create a virtual environment in which Health Monitoring architectures can be evaluated from a cost/benefit standpoint. This health monitoring system design strategy allows for the inclusion of sensors and diagnostic/prognostic technologies to be generated from traditional FMECA information. This approach also introduces an environment for enhanced realization of component design requirements and the anomaly, diagnostic, and prognostic technologies themselves.
Inferential Measurement through a Neural Network Model: Application to an Industrial Unit (1993)

In this paper we present the development of a multilayered perceptron neural network model to infer the Melt Flow Index (MFI) of a polymer from other available measures on the plant. A number of studies were previously performed to get a good training data set. Finally, we present the structure of network used and the solution achieved.
Morphology Evolution of PS-<i>b</i>-P2VP Diblock Copolymers via Supramolecular Assembly of Hydroxylated Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

We report on the strong segregation of core–shell Au nanoparticles, with a shell layer consisting of a random copolymer brush of styrene and vinylphenol (PS-r-PVPh-SH), in poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) diblock copolymer. Because of the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups within the shell of the nanoparticles and the pyridine group in PS-b-P2VP, the Au nanoparticles were strongly localized into P2VP domains with a very high volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕp ∼ 0.53). The spatial distribution of Au nanoparticles, observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is compared with results of previous experiments where homopolymers were blended with block copolymers. If the diameter d of the nanoparticles is much less than the width D of the P2VP lamellar domains, these nanoparticles are more uniformly distributed across the P2VP domain than if d is comparable to D, in which case the nanoparticles are pushed toward the center of the P2VP domains. This behavior is similar to that observed when homopolymers are blended with block copolymers. Novel morphological transitions from spherical to cylindrical P2VP morphologies and from lamellae to cylindrical PS morphologies were observed during coassembly of these functional nanoparticles with block copolymers.
Local inverse tone curve learning for high dynamic range image scalable compression (2015)

This paper presents a scalable high dynamic range (HDR) image coding scheme in which the base layer is a low dynamic range version of the image that may have been generated by an arbitrary tone mapping operator (TMO). No restriction is imposed on the TMO, which can be either global or local, so as to fully respect the artistic intent of the producer. Our method successfully handles the case of complex local TMOs thanks to a block-wise and non-linear approach. A novel template-based interlayer prediction (ILP) is designed in order to perform the inverse tone mapping of a block without the need to transmit any additional parameter to the decoder. This method enables the use of a more accurate inverse tone mapping model than the simple linear regression commonly used for block-wise ILP. In addition, this paper shows that a linear adjustment of the initially predicted block can further improve the overall coding performance by using an efficient encoding scheme of the scaling parameters. Our experiments have shown an average bitrate saving of 47% on the HDR enhancement layer, compared with the previous local ILP methods.
Micropipette adaptor for spectrophotometers (1990)

A simple device has been built that will allow spectrophotometric measurements of very small samples (2–5 μℓ ) in capillary tubes. This attachment is sized to fit in the standard 12.5×12.5 mm2 sample holder slot of commercially available spectrophotometers. A cylindrical quartz lens focuses light from the source onto quartz (for UV measurements and visible measurements) micropipettes and a second lens recollimates the light before it is sent to the detector to optimize the light efficiency. This device was initially used to measure the concentration of small samples of concentrated pUC 8 DNA which has an absorption line at 260 nm.
Activities of uterine muscles from rats in late pregnancy. (1989)

Although it has been reported that, in the uterine wall of rats at term, gap junctions between fibers of the same muscle layer are responsible for synchronized strong contractions, much less attention has been paid to the interaction between muscle layers. To learn about the relationship between the two uterine muscles of rats in late pregnancy, we developed a technique to do simultaneous monitoring of activities in two muscle layers. Using rectangular muscle strips, the electrical activity in one layer was measured with an intracellular microelectrode while the mechanical activity of the other layer was recorded through a force transducer. In some of the uterine wall strips prepared from animals on gestation day 15 and 16, interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle layers was observed. However, well coordinated activities of these two muscles did not occur until the morning of gestation day 21 and continued toward delivery. Usually, coordination presented as paired contractions, one in the circular muscle and the other in the longitudinal muscle. While these pairs of contractions appeared regularly, they also kept similar intervals. Sometimes, coordination presented as a continuous appearance of groups of three contractions, one in one layer and two in the other. Coordinating contractions of uterine muscles is considered to be beneficiary to the propelling of fetuses toward the cervix during parturition.
Effect of Applying Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloys (2017)

The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the density, mechanical properties and microstructure of pre-sintered specimens of 93%W-4.9%Ni-2.1%Fe alloy. To achieve this target, Containerless HIPing at temperature 1300°C was applied. While, the HIPing pressure was varied from 100 MPa to 150 MPa.Elemental powders were mixed using double cone mixer for 2 hours. Cold Isostatic Pressing was applied for consolidation of metal powders into green compacts to obtain cylindrical tensile and impact specimens at 200MPa using rubber molds. Finally, the specimens were sintered under vacuum atmosphere at 1470ºC for 30 minutes. The applied HIPing temperature was chosen to be 1300°C. While, the applied HIPing pressure was varied from 100MPa to 150MPa, in order to study the effect of HIPing pressure on the mechanical properties, and the soaking time was 60 minutes.The effect of applying Hot Isostatic Pressing was characterized in terms of density, hardness, impact resistance and tensile properties, then compared with samples in the as sintered state.The microstructure analysis indicates that connectivity, contiguity and average grain size increase, while micropores were almost eliminated, this took place when applying a HIPing cycle at 1300°C under 100MPa for 60 minutes. On the other hand, When the HIPing pressure was increased to 150 MPa, a severe plastic deformation of the tungsten grains takes place, contiguity seriously increases leading to inhomogeneous microstructure.The tensile strength and hardness increase when applying hot isostatic pressing of 100MPa, compared with its value in the as sintered state, Further increase in HIPing pressure up to 150MPa decreases theses values of strength and hardness, relative to its value at 100MPa. On the contrary, ductility and impact resistance decrease continuously when applying a HIPing cycles under 100MPa and 150MPa respectively, relative to its value in the as sintered state.
An advanced SVG technology for 64K junction-shorting PROM's (1983)

The memory cell size of the 64 kbit PROM was reduced to 168µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (0.26 mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) by using advanced SVG (Shallow V-Groove) isolation and the wafer stepper process. SVG isolation was introduced in 1979 to suppress the SCR latching between two neighboring cells in the 4 kbit junction-shorting PROM. Since then, the cell size has been reduced until it became limited by the widths of word and bit lines. In the 64 kbit PROM, the SVG isolation technology was improved to achieve self-alignment in diffusion, to provide a high breakdown voltage for Schottky diodes, and to increase the flexibility of the mask layout. The size of the peripheral circuitry was thus reduced to allow a smaller cell size and a smaller parasitic capacitance. The memory cell array occupies 45.0 percent of the total die size of 7.14 × 5.28 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Incremental ARA*: An Incremental Anytime Search Algorithm for Moving-Target Search (2012)

Moving-target search, where a hunter has to catch a moving target, is an important problem for video game developers. In our case, the hunter repeatedly moves towards the target and thus has to solve similar search problems repeatedly. We develop Incremental ARA* (I-ARA*) for this purpose, the first incremental anytime search algorithm for moving-target search in known terrain. We provide an error bound on the lengths of the paths found by I-ARA* and show experimentally in known four-neighbor gridworlds that I-ARA* can be used with smaller time limits between moves of the hunter than competing state-of-the-art moving-target search algorithms, namely repeated A*, G-FRA*, FRA*, and sometimes repeated ARA*. The hunter tends to make more moves with I-ARA* than repeated A*, G-FRA* or FRA*, which find shortest paths for the hunter, but fewer moves with I-ARA* than repeated ARA*, which finds suboptimal paths for the hunter like I-ARA*. Also, the error bounds on the lengths of the paths of the hunter tend to be smaller with I-ARA* than repeated ARA*.
Variances in Sagittal Femoral Shaft Bowing in Patients Undergoing TKA (2007)

We asked, "What are the quantitative variances in sagittal femoral bowing in patients who were indicated for total knee arthroplasty?" We retrospectively evaluated 145 consecutive patients who underwent 166 primary total knee arthroplasties with adequate preoperative nonrotated sagittal plane full-leg lateral radiographs. Digital radiographs were processed such that each femoral shaft was divided into three segments. A purpose-written program determined the flexion/extension of the femoral component using the Knee Society method of focusing on the distal femur and a second method using the whole femur. The median angle of curvature of the proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the femora were 5.4 degrees, 0.2 degree, and 3.1 degrees, respectively, with the largest bow occurring in the proximal segment followed by the distal segment and with the least bow in the middle segment. The median angles for femoral component flexion were considerably different with the whole femur angle showing more flexion (4 degrees) than that of the Knee Society angle (1.421 degrees). We found an inverse relationship between distal angle of curvature and height as well as weight. Men had greater proximal bowing and less distal bowing than women. The effects of these variances may have implications in development of osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty component survival.
Liver cell specific targeting by the preS1 domain of hepatitis B virus surface antigen displayed on protein nanocages (2012)

Protein nanocages are self-organized complexes of oligomers whose three-dimensional architecture can been determined in detail. These structures possess nanoscale inner cavities into which a variety of molecules, including therapeutic or diagnostic agents, can be encapsulated. These properties yield these particles suitable for a new class of drug delivery carrier, or as a bioimaging reagent that might respond to biochemical signals in many different cellular processes. We report here the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a hepatocyte-specific nanocage carrying small heat-shock protein. These nanoscale protein cages, with a targeting peptide composed of a preS1 derivative from the hepatitis B virus on their surfaces, were prepared by genetic engineering techniques. PreS1-carrying nanocages showed lower cytotoxicity and significantly higher specificity for human hepatocyte cell lines than other cell lines in vitro. These results suggested that small heat-shock protein-based nanocages present great potential for the development of effective targeted delivery of various agents to specific cells.
Polymerization of methyl 12‐acryloxystearate, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐dimethyl 12‐acryloxystearamide, and methyl 14‐acryloxyeicosanoate (1967)

Abstract Several homopolymers and copolymers of the title compounds have been prepared by radical initiation with potassium persulfate or diethyl azobisisobutyrate. The copolymers exhibit a combination of the properties of the homopolymers of the monomers. The homopolymers are adhesive, very slightly elastic, and show cold flow. Several of the copolymers show possible promise for use as adhesives.
Parámetros biométricos que condicionan el incremento agudo de la PIO tras la trabeculoplastia con láser de argón. (1997)

Objetivos: Analizar las caracteristicas oculares, incluyendo los parametros biometricos que puedan condicionar la magnitud del incremento tensional agudo tras trabeculoplastia con laser de argon (TLA). Metodos: Estudio prospectivo de 70 pacientes sometidos a TLA, cuyas medidas oculares se recogen mediante biometria ultrasonica. El nivel del incremento de PlO se tomo a la hora de la TLA. Resultados: El incremento de la PlO una hora despues de la realizacion de la TLA se correlaciona significativamente con el grosor cristaliniano (p=0, 04; r=0, 27), con el coeficiente cristaliniano (p=0, 03; r=0, 28) y con la edad del paciente (p=0, 0008; r=-0, 39). Conclusiones: El incremento tensional precoz tras TLA, cuando es parcialmente inhibido por el pretratamiento con clonidina, es en parte predecible por el grosor y el coeficiente cristaliniano, asi como por la edad del paciente.
Using document access sequences to recommend customized information (2002)

WordSieve, a text analysis algorithm, uses a competitive-network-learning approach to learn topic-relevant keywords in real time with no predetermined corpus. You can use these keywords to form search engine queries to suggest relevant documents to the user.
Widely tunable polarization-stable fiber lasers (1995)

Four different widely tunable polarization-stable lasers, each based on nonpolarization maintaining erbium-doped fiber are presented. We experimentally examine the effect of output coupling on laser performance, and compare the output power measurements with theoretical predictions. We also discuss the relative costs and construction factors of the four lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Topic Modeling and Similarity Thresholds to Detect Events (2015)

This paper presents a Retrospective Event Detection algorithm, called Eventy-Topic Detection (ETD), which automatically generates topics that describe events in a large, temporal text corpus. Our approach leverages the structure of the topic modeling framework, specifically the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), to generate topics which are then later labeled as Eventy-Topics or non-Eventy-Topics. The system first runs daily LDA topic models, then calculates the cosine similarity between the topics of the daily topic models, and then runs our novel Bump-Detection algorithm. Similar topics labeled as an Eventy-Topic are then grouped together. The algorithm is demonstrated on two Terabyte sized corpuses -a Reuters News corpus and a Twitter corpus. Our method is evaluated on a human annotated test set. Our algorithm demonstrates its ability to accurately describe and label events in a temporal text corpus.
Optimal laser parameters for port wine stain therapy: a theoretical approach (1985)

The optimal parameters for laser therapy of port wine stains (PWS) have been deduced from temperature calculations on two models: (i) the four-layer model; and (ii) the tube model in which two plane parallel layers, representing the epidermis and dermis, and a dermal rectangular blood vessel are considered. The calculations were performed with a vessel of average cross section 0.06 mm X 0.08 mm located in the centre of the laser beam. The numerical calculations were performed by an alternate direction-implicit finite difference method. The optimal parameters were: wavelengths lambda = 415, 577 and 540 nm; pulse time, 1 ms less than t1 less than or equal to 10 ms; and beam radius W1 greater than 0.1 mm. The energy densities E1 (for t1 = 1 ms) required to coagulate blood vessels down to a depth of 0.65 mm in order to establish bleaching of the PWS were 0.5, 1.6 and 2 J cm-2 for the different lambda respectively. The value for the argon laser (lambda = 488 and 514.5 nm) was E1 = 6.5 J cm-2 (t1 = 1 ms). Because, for this pulse time, heat summation effects at the boundary of the laser beam cause no drastic increase in local temperature at optimal wavelengths, the stripe technique was again considered and compared with the separated spot technique. The Nd-YAG and CO2 lasers prove even less selective than the argon laser. The influence of cooling the skin with water shows that only for lambda = 577 nm and t1 = 0.1 s is there an increase in E1 from 2.5 to 6 J cm-2 for which dermal damage occurs.
A 10 nm Si-based bulk FinFETs 6T SRAM with multiple fin heights technology for 25% better static noise margin (2013)

For the first time, 10nm Si-based bulk FinFETs 6T SRAM (beta ratio = 2) with novel multiple fin heights technology is successfully demonstrated with 25% better static noise margin at 0.6 V than single fin-height baseline. Meanwhile, presented technology also provides advantage in SRAM cell size by 20% scaling down. It can furthermore offer potential of beyond 10nm Si-based CMOS computing circuit technology.
How to liberate yourself from pain Graham Brown How to liberate yourself from pain , Denise Winn HG Publishing 190pp £9.99 9781899397171 (2009)

THIS INTERESTING book, will probably be in the self-help book racks by the health food and homeopathic medicines. It offers easy to read practical tips on relieving pain physically and mentally.