gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Normal and Radiological Anatomy of the Hip Joint of the Dog* (1963)

Abstract— The components of the hip joint are described relative to their importance in interpreting radiographs. The appearance of these structures on radiographs is discussed and attention is drawn to some of the effects of the position of the animal during the exposure. The methods used as guides to the normal depth of the acetabulum are outlined. Résumé— A ľaide de radiographics, on décrit ľimportance des différents composants de ľarticulation coxo‐fémorale du chien. On discute ľaspect radiologique de ces structures, et on attire ľattention sur certains effets dus à la position de ľanimal au moment de la prise du cliché. On décrit les méthodes permettant de déterminer la profondeur normale de la cavité cotyloide. Zusammenfassung— An Hand von Röntgenaufnahmen wird die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Teile des Hüftgelenks besprochen. Das Erscheinungsbild dieser Strukturen auf Röntgenbildern wird erörtert, und es wird auf einige Effekte hingewiesen, die mit der Haltung des Tieres im Augenblick der Aufnahme in Zusammenhang stehen. Es werden Methoden beschrieben, wie man die normale Tiefe des Acetabulums bestimmen kann.
Therapeutic expression of the platelet-specific integrin,  IIb 3, in a murine model for Glanzmann thrombasthenia (2005)

Integrins mediate the adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix during development, immunity, metastasis, thrombosis, and wound healing. Molecular defects in either the alpha- or beta-subunit can disrupt integrin synthesis, assembly, and/or binding to adhesive ligands. This is exemplified by the bleeding disorder, Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), where abnormalities of the platelet-specific integrin, alphaIIbbeta3, prevent platelet aggregation following vascular injury. We previously used a retrovirus vector containing a cDNA cassette encoding human integrin beta3 to restore integrin alphaIIbbeta3 on the surface of megakaryocytes derived from peripheral blood stem cells of GT patients. In the present study, bone marrow from beta3-deficient (beta3-/-) mice was transduced with the ITGbeta3-cassette to investigate whether the platelet progeny could establish hemostasis in vivo. A lentivirus transfer vector equipped with the human ITGA2B gene promoter confined transgene expression to the platelet lineage. Human beta3 formed a stable complex with murine alphaIIb, effectively restoring platelet function. Mice expressing significant levels of alphaIIbbeta3 on circulating platelets exhibited improved bleeding times. Intravenous immunoglobulin effectively diminished platelet clearance in animals that developed an antibody response to alphaIIbbeta3. These results indicate the feasibility of targeting platelets with genetic therapies for better management of patients with inherited bleeding disorders.
Evidence for invariants in local search (1997)

It is well known that the performance of a stochastic local search procedure depends upon the setting of its noise parameter, and that the optimal setting varies with the problem distribution. It is therefore desirable to develop general priniciples for tuning the procedures. We present two statistical measures of the local search process that allow one to quickly find the optimal noise settings. These properties are independent of the fine details of the local search strategies, and appear to be relatively independent of the structure of the problem domains. We applied these principles to the problem of evaluating new search heuristics, and discovered two promising new strategies. Introduction The performance of a stochastic local search procedure critically depends upon the setting of the &quot;noise&quot; parameter that determines the likelihood of escaping from local minima by making non-optimal moves. In simulated annealing (Kirkpatrick et al. 1983, Dowsland 1993) this is the temperature; ...
Low affinity glucocorticoid binding site ligands as potential anti-fibrogenics (2009)

LAGS ligands inhibit HSC trans-differentiation and proliferation in vitro but show little efficacy in inhibiting liver fibrosis, in vivo. The reason(s) for this disparity is/are likely associated with an altered myofibroblast phenotype, in vitro, with expression of rPGMRC1 in vitro but not in vivo. These data emphasize the limitations of in vitro-derived myofibroblasts for predicting their activity in vivo, in studies of fibrogenesis. The data also demonstrate that the anti-fibrogenic effects of PCN in vivo are likely mediated entirely via the PXR.
Reversible Capture and Release of Cl<sub>2</sub> and Br<sub>2</sub> with a Redox-Active Metal–Organic Framework (2017)

Extreme toxicity, corrosiveness, and volatility pose serious challenges for the safe storage and transportation of elemental chlorine and bromine, which play critical roles in the chemical industry. Solid materials capable of forming stable nonvolatile compounds upon reaction with elemental halogens may partially mitigate these challenges by allowing safe halogen release on demand. Here we demonstrate that elemental halogens quantitatively oxidize coordinatively unsaturated Co(II) ions in a robust azolate metal-organic framework (MOF) to produce stable and safe-to-handle Co(III) materials featuring terminal Co(III)-halogen bonds. Thermal treatment of the oxidized MOF causes homolytic cleavage of the Co(III)-halogen bonds, reduction to Co(II), and concomitant release of elemental halogens. The reversible chemical storage and thermal release of elemental halogens occur with no significant losses of structural integrity, as the parent cobaltous MOF retains its crystallinity and porosity even after three oxidation/reduction cycles. These results highlight a material operating via redox mechanism that may find utility in the storage and capture of other noxious and corrosive gases.
Study on D-Optimal Design for Self-emulsifying Formulation of ZLR-8 (2007)

To optimize the formulation ingredient of self-emulsifying drug delivery system of ZLR-8,a new NO-donor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with poor absorption and insolubility in water.The solubility experiment of ZLR-8 in various vehicles was determined by HPLC and the solubility data were used to choose the appropriate type of oil phase,surfactant and Co-surfactant in SEDDS system.Water titration technique was performed to figure out the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and to determine the concentration region of each vehicle used in SEDDS.The region was then adapted into Design-Expert software for D-Optimal design for formulation optimization of ZLR-8 SEDDS.The optimized formulation of ZLR-8 SEDDS was generated.No significant difference exists between the predicted values and the observed values of evaluated parameters.CONCLUSION: D-optimal design is a useful technique for the formulation optimization of SEDDS.
New Biodegradable Polymers from Renewable Sources – Segmented Copolyesters of Poly(1,3-Propanediol Succinate) and Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (2002)

New high-molecular-weight hydrophobic/hydrophilic segmented copolymers of poly(ester-ether-carbonate) structure, containing poly(1,3-propylene succinate) (SP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments in the main chain, were synthesized and characterized. These copolymers were obtained by a two-step chain-extension reaction performed by the thermal polycondensation of αω-dihydroxy-oligo(1,3-propylene succinate) with PEG1000 and PEG2000, respectively. The molecular structure of all the synthesized materials was characterized by 1 H-NMR, by SEC for molecular weights, and by DSC for thermal properties. The molecular characterizations were in agreement with the proposed structures. Solubility and swellability tests indicated that the introduction of hydrophilic PEG segments into the high molecular weight poly(1,3-propylene succinate)s imparted amphiphilic character to the new materials. This is expected to influence the biocompatibility and biodegradability of these materials. The new polymers, besides having a degradable backbone, were derived from the monomers, 1,3-propanediol and succinic acid, which are both obtainable from renewable sources. Therefore, they have a potential as environmental friendly materials.
Optimized anisotropic spatial transforms for wavelet-based scalable multi-view video coding (2008)

A 4-D wavelet-based transform is used for efficient and scalable compression of multi-view video data. It is composed of a 1-D temporal wavelet transform, namely Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering (MCTF), a 1-D view-directional wavelet transform, namely Disparity Compensated View Filtering (DCVF), and a 2-D spatial transform. The latter is the subject of study in this paper. Whereas usually fixed isotropic wavelet or wavelet packet transforms have been used in the past for the spatial decomposition of the temporal-view-directional highpass bands, we now introduce the usage of adaptive anisotropic wavelet packet transforms as a generalization of wavelet and wavelet packet transforms. An efficient algorithm to adaptively find the rate-distortion optimal joint anisotropic basis for temporal-view-directional multi-view video subbands is derived. It is shown that the adaptive anisotropic transform performs best, compared with conventional wavelet or wavelet packet transforms.
Distortion characteristics in directly modulated laser diodes by microwave signals (2003)

A simple method for determining the harmonic and intermodulation distortion characteristics of a laser diode under direct modulation by microwave analog signals is presented and experimentally verified. The method makes use of small-signal perturbation analysis of the rate equations to obtain analytical expressions for the distortion. The parameters that are required for the calculation of distortion characteristics are the damping factor and resonant frequency of the intrinsic laser diode, and they are derivable from the small-signal modulation response of the actual laser using a de-embedding procedure. The method has been experimentally verified using DFB (distributed feedback) laser diodes operated at 1.3 and 1.5 mu m wavelengths with modulation frequencies up to 6 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Total Synthesis of Cyclosporine: Access to N-Methylated Peptides via Isonitrile Coupling Reactions (2010)

Recent developments in the use of isonitriles to furnish secondary and tertiary amide bond formations have been applied to a novel total synthesis of the important cyclic polypeptide cyclosporine A. Specifically, the disclosed synthetic route demonstrates the utility of microwave-mediated carboxylic acid isonitrile couplings, thioacid isonitrile couplings at ambient temperature, and isonitrile-mediated couplings of carboxylic acids and thioacids with amines to form challenging amide bonds.
ARemote: A Tangible Interface for Selecting TV Channels (2007)

This paper investigates the use of tangible user interfaces (TUIs)for controlling multimedia systems. It presents a preliminary study where a tangible device called ARemote is used to choose TV channels in a relatively large list by performing 3D gestures. Three different interaction strategies, that either relies on crossing or scrolling, have been developed and tested in a controlled experiment.
Modeling of Welding Heat Source for Laser Spot Welding Process (2011)

The laser spot welding results in a controlled energy input, narrow heat affected zone and minimum thermal distortion. The representation of laser beam as the heat source is critical in numerical modeling as it governs the distribution of energy in and around the weld. The models to represent laser as point, line, surface or volume heat source has been reported. The volumetric heat source models can widely be used if the weld pool dimensions are known a priori. The present study aims at using an adaptive heat source model which progressively changes its nature from surface to volumetric heat source as the welding advances with time. The dimensions of the adaptive heat source dynamically changes as the weld pool starts growing and this eliminates the need for knowing the weld dimensions a priori. The present numerical model can thus be used for predicting thermal stresses with great reliability.
NECESSITY AND MEANS OF PROTECTING PATIENTS IN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC RADIOLOGY (1957)

The paper considers the hazard to the individual and to his offspring from the medical use of ionising radiations and describes means of reducing the doses received
Effect of melanin, oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin on transcutaneous bilirubinometry (1993)

To determine the effect of skin pigments on transcutaneous bilirubinometer readings, we measured the effect of bilirubin, melanin, and oxyhemoglobin solutions on transcutaneous bilirubinometer readings in vitro. Our results showed that the variability of the readings in vitro was related to the instrument's non-linear response to bilirubin and melanin concentration and an inaccurate oxyhemoglobin correction factor. These factors should be considered in developing a more accurate non-invasive method of monitoring serum bilirubin concentration.
Aircraft Geometry Parameterization with High-End CAD-Software for Design Optimization. (2012)

Myocardial lymphoma can be seen in the setting of primary or secondary involvement, more common in later. Both primary and secondary involvement is usually seen in the setting of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We describe a case of a 47-year-old man in cardiogenic shock due to refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) necessitating intubation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and an intra-aortic balloon pump with diffuse thickening of the left ventricular myocardium on CTA chest and subtle infiltrative ill-defined perirenal hypodensities with renal enlargement on CT of abdomen and pelvis. Post-processing with cinematic rendering clearly showed improved tissue contrast and/or differentiation with better demarcation of both the myocardial and renal lesions. A myocardial biopsy demonstrated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The patient was treated for ventricular tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, DCBCL, and numerous complications during 6-month long hospitalization with significant improvement of systolic function at discharge. Myocardial lymphoma is an uncommon cardiac malignancy with common CT imaging appearances of multiple circumscribed iso-attenuating masses or diffuse ill-defined infiltrative myocardial thickening. These findings are better assessed with cinematic rendering due to accentuated depth perception and photorealistic appearance of this post processing modality.
<title>Secure digital photograph handling with watermarking technique in insurance claim process</title> (2000)

This paper presents a secure method to handle digital photographs in insurance claim process. It consists of: Device authentication by secure protocol capable to protect photographs from substitution, Watermarking technique to embed digital signatures on JPEG data and detect altered portions, and Robust watermarking technique to embed image identification number which persists throughout decompression/compression operations. The device authentication is used in transmissions of photograph images from a digital camera (DC) to a compact flash memory (CF), and from a CF to a personal computer (PC). Thus images are authenticated at the one-way pass of DC, CF and PC. In registering images on PC, an image identification number and a digital signature are embedded into a JPEG data stream by a watermarking technique called DataHiding<SUP>TM</SUP>. We could imbed 96 bits of data into a 640 X 480 pixel image without degrading visual image quality and persistency of embedding data. After the watermarking process, a photograph can be identified by decoding an embedded number and detected any altered portion by an embedded signature. Using the new method, we have developed a prototype secure claim process, and verified the feasibility of the method at field trials.
Cytokine‐related syndrome following injection of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody: Further evidence for transient <i>in vivo</i> T cell activation (1990)

In vivo injection of the hamster anti-murine CD3 monoclonal antibody 145 2C11 into BALB/c mice induces a massive systemic release of several cytokines. Very high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor are detected both by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and L-929 bioassay 90 min following a single injection of 10 micrograms/mouse 145 2C11. Peak circulating levels of exclusively T cell-derived products such as interferon-gamma, interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 are also detected 90 min to 8 h post-injection. Importantly, this cytokine release is transient since none of these cytokines are still present 12 to 24 h post-injection. In parallel to cytokine release, 145 2C11-treated mice (10 micrograms/mouse) exhibit somnolence, hypomotility (quantified by actimetry), hypothermia, diarrhea and piloerection. At this dosage, the physical reaction is not lethal and reverses in all mice by 48 h post-injection. Severe but again reversible anatomopathological changes are also observed: massive cellular depletion, necrosis and edema of lymphoid organs, leakage syndrome and inflammatory cell infiltrates of the lung, cell vacuolization, necrosis and vascular congestion of the liver. All these data are similar to the clinical and immunological manifestations of the OKT3-induced reaction in patients and, thus, provide an invaluable experimental tool to study its mechanisms and explore its prevention.
Preparation of some long-chain <i>N</i>-acyl derivatives of essential amino acids for nutritional studies (1980)

Long-chain N-acyl derivatives of methionine, tryptophan, threonine, and lysine (N6) have been obtained by the reaction of succinimidyl esters of fatty acids with the unprotected amino acids. Their physical properties have been characterized.
Location of stuck-at faults and bridging faults based on circuit partitioning (1998)

We propose a method of fault diagnosis at the chip level that reduces the number of simulations required to locate defect site(s) by logically partitioning the circuit into subcircuits. Candidate subcircuits that potentially contain the defect site(s) are identified and further partitioned until the defect site is located with the required resolution. Both stuck-at faults and nonfeedback bridging faults are considered as target fault models to represent defects. At the base of the fault location procedure is a procedure to identify subcircuits that potentially contain the fault site. This procedure is matched to the fault model being considered, thus allowing the same partitioning scheme to be applied to various fault models. The procedure presented here is applicable to combinational and fully scanned sequential circuits. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of circuit partitioning in reducing the number of fault simulations required to locate a fault.
Aqueous Chemistry of Inorganic Free Radicals (1962)

The reaction of H2O2 and S2O8-2 has been used as a generating system for the HO2 radical. By studying the relative competitive efficiencies of H2O2 and S2O8-2 as scavengers for the HO2 radical over a range of pH, it has been possible to gain information about the acidity of the HO2 radical. In the present system, using these scavengers, ionization of HO2 becomes important in the pH range from 4.5 to 6.5.
A phase1 study of stereotactic gene delivery of AAV2‐NGF for Alzheimer's disease (2014)

This trial provides important evidence that bilateral stereotactic administration of AAV2-NGF to the nucleus basalis of Meynert is feasible, well-tolerated, and able to produce long-term, biologically active NGF expression, supporting the initiation of an ongoing multicenter, double-blind, sham-surgery-controlled trial.
Herbicide Combinations for Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Planted in Stale Seedbed (1994)

Barnyardgrass 7 to 25 cm tall was controlled 48 to 74% with paraquat (420 g/ha), 83 to 87% with glyphosate (1120 g/ha), and 85 to 91% with glufosinate (840 g/ha). In most cases barnyardgrass control was not enhanced with addition of residual herbicides metribuzin plus chlorimuron, metribuzin, or imazaquin. Barnyardgrass and seedling johnsongrass no more than 13 cm tall was controlled at least 90% regardless of herbicide treatment. When rhizome and seedling johnsongrass were present, control with glyphosate was 96% compared with 55% for paraquat and 86% with glufosinate. Tank-mixtures of non-selective and residual herbicides generally enhanced control of entireleaf and pitted morningglory, hemp sesbania (15 to 30 cm), and prickly sida (15 to 18 cm). Soybean yields in most cases were not increased with addition of residual herbicides. Yield following glufosinate applied alone was 25% higher than following paraquat, and for all herbicide treatments yields were at least 45% greater than when a non-selective herbicide was not applied.
Proxy SDN Controller for Wireless Networks (2016)

Management of wireless networks as well as wired networks by using software-defined networking (SDN) has been highlighted continually. However, control features of a wireless network differ from those of a wired network in several aspects. In this study, we identify the various inefficient points when controlling and managing wireless networks by using SDN and propose SDN-based control architecture called Proxcon to resolve these problems. Proxcon introduces the concept of a proxy SDN controller (PSC) for the wireless network control, and the PSC entrusted with the role of a main controller performs control operations and provides the latest network state for a network administrator. To address the control inefficiency, Proxcon supports offloaded SDN operations for controlling wireless networks by utilizing the PSC, such as local control by each PSC, hybrid control utilizing the PSC and the main controller, and locally cooperative control utilizing the PSCs. The proposed architecture and the newly supported control operations can enhance scalability and response time when the logically centralized control plane responds to the various wireless network events. Through actual experiments, we verified that the proposed architecture could address the various control issues such as scalability, response time, and control overhead.
STED nanoscopy with mass-produced laser diodes (2011)

We show that far-field fluorescence nanoscopy by stimulated emission depletion (STED) can be realized with compact off-the-shelf laser diodes, such as those used in laser pointers and DVDs. A spatial resolution of 40-50 nm is attained by pulsing a 660 nm DVD-diode. The efficacy of these low-cost STED microscopes in biological imaging is demonstrated by differentiating between clusters of the synaptic protein bassoon and transport vesicles in hippocampal neurons, based on the feature diameter. Our results facilitate the implementation of this all-molecular-transition based superresolution method in many applications ranging from nanoscale fluorescence imaging to nanoscale fluorescence sensing.
Simultaneous High Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay of Pentoxifylline, Mupirocin, Itraconazole, and Fluticasone Propionate in Humco™ Lavare Wound Base (2015)

This article details the elements used in the method verification for the simultaneous high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of Pentoxifylline, Mupirocin, Itraconazole, and Fluticasone Propionate in Humco™ Lavare Wound base. The method was proven to be linear over 50%–150% of the nominal concentration of the standards. The method was proven to be accurate over 50%–150%, with 98%–102% recovery of the actives from spiked placeboes over that range. The method was shown to be specific to the analytes listed and precise, yielding acceptable results for system reproducibility and method repeatability. The method, as written, is considered to have been verified.