gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block of HIV-1 infection by a combination of antisense tat RNA and TAR decoys: a strategy for control of HIV-1. (1994)

The tat gene product (Tat) of HIV-1 is an early regulatory protein necessary for viral gene expression and replication. Tat may also play a role as an extracellular protein in both HIV-1 replication and AIDS-associated disorders such as Kaposi's sarcoma. Thus, Tat represents a good target for gene therapy against AIDS. Here we show that when vectors expressing antisense tat RNA are transiently transfected into CD4+ cells, they block about 70% of HIV-1 replication and inhibit the rescue of Tat-defective HIV-1 proviruses by inhibition of Tat protein expression and consequent lack of transcriptional activation of the HIV-promoter. However, antisense tat vectors cannot block the activity of extracellular Tat protein. Another tat inhibitory construct (poly-Tat-activation response; TAR) previously suggested to inhibit HIV-1 transactivation by sequestering the Tat protein, inhibited the activity of extracellular Tat, but like antisense tat RNA did not completely block viral gene expression and replication. These results suggested that one mode of inhibition is not sufficient to block Tat function. However, when the antisense tat and the poly-TAR constructs were combined HIV-1 gene expression was completely blocked (94-98%), suggesting that a combination of inhibitory genes blocking Tat by sequential steps may be a better approach for AIDS gene therapy.
Fabrication of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistor-driven flexible thermal and pressure sensors (2012)

In this work, we present the results concerning the use of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) as a driving transistor of the flexible thermal and pressure sensors which are applicable to artificial skin systems. Although the a-IGZO TFT has been attracting much attention as a driving transistor of the next-generation flat panel displays, no study has been performed about the application of this new device to the driving transistor of the flexible sensors yet. The proposed thermal sensor pixel is composed of the series-connected a-IGZO TFT and ZnO-based thermistor fabricated on a polished metal foil, and the ZnO-based thermistor is replaced by the pressure sensitive rubber in the pressure sensor pixel. In both sensor pixels, the a-IGZO TFT acts as the driving transistor and the temperature/pressure-dependent resistance of the ZnO-based thermistor/pressure-sensitive rubber mainly determines the magnitude of the output currents. The fabricated a-IGZO TFT-driven flexible thermal sensor shows around a seven times increase in the output current as the temperature increases from 20 °C to 100 °C, and the a-IGZO TFT-driven flexible pressure sensors also exhibit high sensitivity under various pressure environments.
Long-term channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expression can induce abnormal axonal morphology and targeting in cerebral cortex (2013)

Long-term expression of optogenetic proteins including channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is widely used to study neural circuit function, but whether ChR2 expression itself perturbs circuits is not known. We expressed a common construct, CAG::ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP-WPRE, in L2/3 pyramidal cells in rat somatosensory cortex via in utero DNA electroporation (IUE). L2/3 pyramidal cells expressed ChR2-EYFP, but histology revealed abnormal morphology and targeting of ChR2-EYFP expressing axons, beginning at postnatal day (P) 33 and increasing with age. Axonal abnormalities included cylinders that enveloped pyramidal cell proximal apical dendrites, and spherical, calyx-like structures that surrounded neuronal cell bodies, including in L4. These are abnormal subcellular and laminar targets for L2/3 pyramidal cell synapses. Abnormalities did not occur in cells expressing GFP instead of ChR2, or in intermixed ChR2-negative axons. Long-term viral-mediated expression (80 d) did not cause axonal abnormalities when the CAG promoter was used, but produced some abnormalities with the stronger αCaMKII promoter (albeit much less than with in utero electroporation). Thus, under some circumstances high-level, long-term expression of ChR2-EYFP can perturb the structural organization of cortical circuits.
Au-free CMOS-compatible AlGaN/GaN HEMT processing on 200 mm Si substrates (2012)

Au-free CMOS-compatible AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices have been processed on 200 mm Si substrates u sing a typical CMOS tool set. This paper addresses the challenges with respect to the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, the processing of thick and bowed 200 mm GaN-on-Si wafers, the impact of Ga contamination on the tools, etc.. An enhancement mode AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT process based on barrier recess is used as demonstrator, and yielded fully functional power devices.
Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Wireless Sensor/Actuator Communication System (2006)

For industrial automation applications using production machines and robotic installations, truly wireless systems offer advantages in terms of cost and flexibility. Requirements on power supply and real time communication for such applications are highly demanding, and cannot be satisfied with today's off-the-shelf systems. A novel factory communication system, called WISA (wireless interface for sensors and actuators), has thus been developed which provides both wireless communication and wireless power supply. The power supply is based on magnetic coupling while real time wireless communication uses a new TDMA protocol combined with frequency hopping. The TDMA protocol uses optimized parameters for reliable and low delay transmission for a high number of active nodes. The frequency hopping sequences are optimized to mitigate effects of multi-path propagation, interference from other systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, and self-interference. The new design re-uses existing RF transceivers. The paper explains design concepts of the WISA communication system, and describes practical experience gained with its deployment in industrial environments
Convergence of emerging information technology and business practice in the digital economy (2001)

The South African Journal of Information Management explores the latest developments and trends in information and knowledge management to offer research that can be used to further the application of sound information and knowledge management practice.
Antihypertensive activities of royal jelly protein hydrolysate and its fractions in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2009)

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive effects of 7 peptide fractions (Frs) of royal jelly protein hydrolysate (RJPH) were studied in comparison with those of RJPH alone. Fr 4 and Fr 5 were the highest in ACE inhibitory activity and yield, respectively. Molecular weights (MWs) of RJPH and Fr 1-Fr 7 were distributed from 100 to 5,000 and those of Fr 1-Fr 7 increased in order from Fr 1 to Fr 7. RJPH, Fr 3 and Fr 4 at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg i.v. and Fr 5 and Fr 6 at doses of 30 and 100mg/kg i.v. caused transiently significant hypotensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Fr 3, Fr 4, Fr 5 and Fr 6 at a dose of 1,000mg/kg also caused significant hypotensive effects 3h, 4-5h, 7-8h and 8h after oral administration in SHR, respectively. RJPH caused a long-lasting hypotensive effect in proportion to the magnitude of the MWs of RJPH fractions. The hypotensive pattern of RJPH was similar to the combined pattern of Fr 3-Fr 6. From these results, it can be concluded that the long-lasting hypotensive effect of oral administration of RJPH is dependent on the MWs of its ACE inhibitory peptides and the time required to digest them.
Polymerization of β‐propiolactones by nickel carboxylate/tributylphosphine complexes (1988)

Abstract The kinetics of polymerization of β‐lactones — β‐propiolactone, α‐ethyl‐α‐phenyl‐ and α‐benzyl‐α‐ethyl‐β‐propiolactone — was investigated using nickel carboxylate/phosphine complexes as initiators. The apparent rate constants of initiation and propagation, k i and k p , were calculated assuming first order kinetics. The variations of k i values with monomer concentration suggest that the mechanism is more complex, with a reaction order which is not as admitted for calculation. The infrared study has shown that the polymerization initiated by the complex is of zwitterionic type, and the kinetic curves indicate that the nickel carboxylate participates in the reaction.
SemanticWeb Content Adaptation and Services Delivery on Morfeo&amp;#146;s Semantic Mobility Channel (2006)

Content adaptation is crucial for universal Web access under varying conditions that may depend on device capabilities, network connectivity, user preferences, or user disabilities. Semantic annotations provide additional information about Web contents so that a content adaptation engine, based on Semantic Web technologies, can make better decisions on content repurposing. This paper presents MorfeoSMC: an open source advanced component-based platform that enables the development of semantics-aware mobile applications and services, and that solves the problem of how to make Web content usable on mobile devices. In particular, the paper focuses on how MorfeoSMC tackles the use of semantic markup in the information rendered for users through the mobility platform and in the Web content adaptation process. It also presents an innovative semantic matching framework for both services delivered in mobile environments and Web contents produced by these services. This framework is at the core of the semantics-aware Web content adaptation process.
Mitotic repression of transcription in vitro. (1993)

A normal consequence of mitosis in eukaryotes is the repression of transcription. Using Xenopus egg extracts shifted to a mitotic state by the addition of purified cyclin, we have for the first time been able to reproduce a mitotic repression of transcription in vitro. Active RNA polymerase III transcription is observed in interphase extracts, but strongly repressed in extracts converted to mitosis. With the topoisomerase II inhibitor VM-26, we demonstrate that this mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription does not require normal chromatin condensation. Similarly; in vitro mitotic repression of transcription does not require the presence of nucleosome structure or involve a general repressive chromatin-binding protein, as inhibition of chromatin formation with saturating amounts of non-specific DNA has no effect on repression. Instead, the mitotic repression of transcription appears to be due to phosphorylation of a component of the transcription machinery by a mitotic protein kinase, either cdc2 kinase and/or a kinase activated by it. Mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription is observed both in complete mitotic cytosol and when a kinase-enriched mitotic fraction is added to a highly simplified 5S RNA transcription reaction. We present evidence that, upon depletion of cdc2 kinase, a secondary protein kinase activity remains and can mediate this in vitro mitotic repression of transcription.
Optimal management of cancer anorexia&ndash;cachexia syndrome (2010)

According to a recent consensus, cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness and characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. The prominent clinical feature of cachexia is weight loss. Cachexia occurs in the majority of cancer patients before death and it is responsible for the deaths of 22% of cancer patients. Although bodyweight is the most important endpoint of any cachexia treatment, body composition, physical performance and quality of life should be monitored. From the results presented here, one can speculate that a single therapy may not be completely successful in the treatment of cachexia. From this point of view, treatments involving different combinations are more likely to be successful. The objectives of any therapeutic combination are two-fold: an anticatabolic aim directed towards both fat and muscle catabolism and an anabolic objective leading to the synthesis of macromolecules such as contractile proteins.
Screen pattern removal for character pattern extraction from high-resolution color document images (2004)

Screen patterns used in offset-printing become visible or cause moire noise in the images if the documents are scanned at high resolution such as 400dpi or more. This has been an obstacle in developing document recognition systems which handle color documents. This paper proposes a new method for filtering screen patterns/noise in high-resolution color document images. The method utilizes a wavelet analysis for screen pattern detection. Experimental results show that our method can smear periodic screen patterns effectively preserving thin character strokes.
Glucosinolate Breakdown in Arabidopsis: Mechanism, Regulation and Biological Significance (2010)

Glucosinolates are a group of thioglucosides in plants of the Brassicales order. Together with their hydrolytic enzymes, the myrosinases, they constitute the 'mustard oil bomb' involved in plant defense. Here we summarize recent studies in Arabidopsis that have provided molecular evidence that the glucosinolate-myrosinase system is much more than a 'two-component defense system,' and started to unravel the roles of different glucosinolate breakdown pathways in the context of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Zonal rate model for stacked membrane chromatography part II: Characterizing ion‐exchange membrane chromatography under protein retention conditions (2011)

The Zonal Rate Model (ZRM) has previously been shown to accurately account for contributions to elution band broadening, including external flow nonidealities and radial concentration gradients, in ion-exchange membrane (IEXM) chromatography systems operated under nonbinding conditions. Here, we extend the ZRM to analyze and model the behavior of retained proteins by introducing terms for intra-column mass transfer resistances and intrinsic binding kinetics. Breakthrough curve (BTC) data from a scaled-down anion-exchange membrane chromatography module using ovalbumin as a model protein were collected at flow rates ranging from 1.5 to 20 mL min(-1). Through its careful accounting of transport nonidealities within and external to the membrane stack, the ZRM is shown to provide a useful framework for characterizing putative protein binding mechanisms and models, for predicting BTCs and complex elution behavior, including the common observation that the dynamic binding capacity can increase with linear velocity in IEXM systems, and for simulating and scaling separations using IEXM chromatography. Global fitting of model parameters is used to evaluate the performance of the Langmuir, bi-Langmuir, steric mass action (SMA), and spreading-type protein binding models in either correlating or fundamentally describing BTC data. When combined with the ZRM, the bi-Langmuir, and SMA models match the chromatography data, but require physically unrealistic regressed model parameters to do so. In contrast, for this system a spreading-type model is shown to accurately predict column performance while also providing a realistic fundamental explanation for observed trends, including an observed increase in dynamic binding capacity with flow rate.
Clinical feasibility of x-ray based pose estimation of a transthoracic echo probe using attached fiducials (2018)

Co-registered display of x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) and echocardiography during structural heart interventions can provide visualization of both catheter-based devices and soft tissue anatomy. For transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), registration can be achieved by estimating the probe pose in the x-ray image. This work investigated the potential clinical requirements for a similar approach using a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) probe with attached x-ray-visible fiducials. Clinically, the limited number of acoustic windows for TTE dictates probe positioning on the chest, and the interventional task drives the positioning of the C-arm gantry of the x-ray system. A fiducial apparatus must be compatible with these positions and allow for accurate 3D probe pose estimation. TTE imaging of the aortic and mitral valves was performed on eight healthy subjects to determine typical 3D probe positioning in parasternal and apical acoustic windows. This data was incorporated into software that allowed for the simulation of different 3D configurations of fiducials relative to the probe, patient and x-ray system. Three candidate fiducial designs were identified, each consisting of two 40-mm diameter rings with 16 3-mm diameter spheres. X-ray imaging was simulated for C-arm angles of 30° RAO, PA, and 30° LAO, each with cranial-caudal angles typical of a TAVR procedure. Subjectively graded TTE image quality was highest for the parasternal long axis window. A fiducial configuration for the parasternal long window was identified which yielded median 3D TRE ranging from 0.44 mm to 1.04 mm in simulations. An experimental prototype of this design produced a measured 3D TRE of 1.25±0.19 mm.
Antitumor Activity of Abnormal Cannabidiol and Its Analog O-1602 in Taxol-Resistant Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer (2019)

Cannabinoids exhibit anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. Contrary to most cannabinoids present in the <i>Cannabis</i> plant, some, such as O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, have no or only little affinity to the CB<sub>1</sub> or CB<sub>2</sub> cannabinoid receptors and instead exert their effects through other receptors. Here, we investigated whether the synthetic regioisomers of cannabidiol, abnormal cannabidiol, and a closely related compound, O-1602, display antitumorigenic effects in cellular models of breast cancer and whether it could reduce tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i>. Several studies have shown the effects of cannabinoids on chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer cell lines, but less is known about the antitumorigenic effects of cannabinoids in chemotherapy-resistant cell lines. Paclitaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were used to study the effect of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on viability, apoptosis, and migration. The effects of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on cell viability were completely blocked by the combination of GPR55 and GPR18-specific siRNAs. Both O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol decreased viability in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis. The effect of these cannabinoids on tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> was studied in a zebrafish xenograft model. In this model, treatment with O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol (2 µM) significantly reduced tumor growth. Our results suggest that atypical cannabinoids, like O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, exert antitumorigenic effects on paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Due to their lack of central sedation and psychoactive effects, these atypical cannabinoids could represent new leads for the development of additional anticancer treatments when resistance to conventional chemotherapy occurs during the treatment of breast and possibly other cancers.
Self-Assembly of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Carrying Microspheres into Two-Dimensional Colloidal Arrays (2005)

Droplets containing polymer particles were deposited on a substrate. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel and particles with PNIPAM graft chains on the surface self-assembled into a two-dimensional (2-D) superlattice when their dilute dispersions were dried on substrates. The capillary force between the particles induced ordered array formation during water evaporation. The presence of a PNIPAM layer on the particle surface gave the particles steric stability during ordered array formation. By grafting PNIPAM chains on particle surfaces by living radical polymerization, we successfully controlled the structural patterns of the colloidal arrays. These, controllable, 2-D colloidal arrays were generated on various substrates upon air-drying.
SYNTHESIS AND QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF P-32 LABELED ON EXCHANGE RESIN MICROSPHERES FOR RADIATION THERAPY OF HEPATIC NEOPLASMS (1982)

Memorial Veterans Hospital, and Malgorzata Kasprzyk, Instytut Onkologii im Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie (Warsaw).
Further enhancement of 3-nitropropanol detoxification by ruminal bacteria in cattle (1992)

Ruminal fluid obtained from cattle was used to determine the effects of different diets and supplements on the in vitro degradation of 3-nitropropanol, the miserotoxin aglycone of certain Astragalus species such as timber milkvetch (Leguminosae). Nitroethane, an analog of the aglycone that is much less toxic to mammals, was effective as a supplement when given on alternate days. It enhanced the in vitro rates of nitropropanol degradation in all experiments, by 70–170%. In agreement, daily doses of timber milkvetch at a level equivalent to 3 mg nitropropanol kg −1 body weight also enhanced nitropropanol degradation, suggesting an adaptation to the aliphatic nitro group by ruminal bacteria. The forage protein content appears to contribute to the microbial efficacy and this was verified when diets were supplemented with soybean meal. The protein supplement increased nitropropanol degradation by 37–44% and, as expected, it also promoted cellulose digestion in vitro. The effect of nitroethane supplementation on the absorption of nitropropanol from the rumen was examined when treated and control groups were challenged with timber milkvetch. Plasma levels of 3-nitropropionic acid, the oxidized form of nitropropanol which is detected in the blood, were significantly reduced in response to nitroethane supplementation, and rates of nitropropanol degradation by ruminal microbes were concomitantly enhanced. These combined results further elucidate the factors that control and contribute to nitropropanol detoxification and suggest possible methods of prevention of timber milkvetch poisoning under rangeland conditions. Key words: Timber milkvetch, toxic plant, detoxification, 3-nitropropanol, ruminal bacteria, cattle
Characterization of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by benzoyl peroxide in SENCAR mouse epidermis (1989)

The induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was characterized to evaluate the usefulness of this effect as a short-term marker of BPO-induced mouse skin tumor promotion. The maximal induced levels of ODC specific activity, after a single topical dose of BPO, were greater than 2-fold higher when a cold scraping method was used to prepare epidermis rather than the commonly used heat treatment method. Therefore, the cold scraping method was used for all the work reported here. Application of a single 20 mg dose of BPO to the dorsal skin of SENCAR mice caused a relatively small induction of epidermal ODC activity, to a level less than 1/40 that induced by a single 2 micrograms dose of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Furthermore, the time-courses of induction were different after single doses of TPA and BPO, with peak activities observed at approximately 6 and approximately 24 h after treatment respectively. In contrast, after a total of five 20 mg doses of BPO were topically applied (one dose every 2 days), ODC activity was transiently induced to an average level greater than 15 times after a single dose. Additionally, on this dosing regimen, the peak of ODC activity shifted to approximately 4 h after the last treatment, so that the time-course of ODC induction resembled that after multiple applications of TPA. The extent of epidermal ODC induction by BPO was found to be a complex function of the frequency of dosing and the number of treatments. However, when BPO treatments were administered from 1 to 7 days apart, similar maximal induced levels of ODC activity were eventually achieved after application of multiple doses. Importantly, the dose-response for the induction of ODC activity by five doses of BPO (applied one dose every 2 days) was highly correlated with published data on the dose-response for tumor promotion by this organic peroxide, indicating that ODC induction is a good short-term marker of BPO-induced tumor promotion in SENCAR mice.