gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Prostate Specific Antigen in Endocrine Treatment for Prostatic Cancer (1990)

The prognostic value of prostate specific antigen was evaluated to predict disease progression after endocrine therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. A total of 73 patients was studied (6 with stage B2, 16 with stage C, 9 with stage D1 and 42 with stage D2 disease). Endocrine therapy included bilateral orchiectomy, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. Pre-treatment serum prostate specific antigen levels were determined in all patients with an enzyme immunoassay kit. During a followup of 4 to 68 months (average 24 months) clinical disease progression occurred in 24 of the 73 patients. The pre-treatment prostate specific antigen level by itself did not predict disease progression. Changes in prostate specific antigen level with treatment were correlated with the interval to disease progression in the 44 patients who had prostate specific antigen determinations at regular intervals after endocrine therapy and whose initial level was greater than 10 ng./ml. Patients who had a decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels of 80% or more within 1 month after the beginning of therapy survived significantly longer free of disease progression (p less than 0.001). Patients whose prostate specific antigen level remained elevated for more than 3 months had a high risk of disease progression within 2 years. Our study suggests that patients with the more favorable prognosis can be identified early, after 1 to 3 months of endocrine therapy, by the rapid decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels.
L'envers de l'harmonie (1995)

L'envers de l'harmonie Par rapport à la volonté affichée des orchestres de donner d'eux-mêmes une image d'union et d'harmonie, le but de cet article est de rendre compte de ses divisions : divisions et hiérarchies instrumentales objectives tout d'abord, de celles qui se laissent voir durant toutes ses manifestations publiques et que corroborent les origines socialement différenciées des musiciens. Ensuite, ce travail s'efforce de montrer que ces divisions et hiérarchies sociales sont vécues et actualisées quotidiennement par les musiciens et qu'elles sont au principe des interactions entre les chefs et les instrumentistes et, partant, de l'interprétation.
RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate, Styrene and Acrylates Using<i>N,N</i>-Dithiocarbamates (2009)

Homo- and block-copolymers comprised of vinyl acetate, styrene, methyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate monomers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using N,N-dithiocarbamates as transfer agents. Of the RAFT agents studied, malonate N,N-diphenyldithiocarbamate was able to produce poly(vinyl acetate) with number average molecular weights of over 50,000 and polydispersities less than 1.5. This same RAFT agent was also able to produce polystyrene and polyacrylates with reasonable control (i.e. predictable molecular weights and polydispersities less than 1.5). Thus, the one RAFT agent was used to make block copolymers of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate). The order of monomer polymerization was found to be vital in determining the success of the block copolymerization.
Word segmentation of printed text lines based on gap clustering and special symbol detection (2003)

This paper proposes a word segmentation method for machine-printed text lines. It utilizes gaps and special symbols as delimiters between words. A gap clustering technique is used to identify the gaps between words regardless of the gap-size variations among different document images. Next a special symbol detection technique is applied to find two types of special symbols lying between words. An experiment with 1,675 text lines in 100 different English and Korean documents shows that the proposed method achieves a high accuracy of word segmentation.
<i>fleN</i> , a Gene That Regulates Flagellar Number in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

The single polar flagellum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infection by this organism. However, regulation of the assembly of this organelle has not been delineated. In analyzing the sequence available at the Pseudomonas genome database, an open reading frame (ORF), flanked by flagellar genes flhF and fliA, that coded for a protein (280 amino acids) with an ATP-binding motif at its N terminus was found. The ORF was inactivated by inserting a gentamicin cassette in P. aeruginosa PAK and PAO1. The resulting mutants were nonmotile on motility agar plates, but under a light microscope they exhibited random movement and tumbling behavior. Electron microscopic studies of the wild-type and mutant strains revealed that the mutants were multiflagellate, with three to six polar flagella per bacterium as rather than one as in the wild type, indicating that this ORF was involved in regulating the number of flagella and chemotactic motility in P. aeruginosa. The ORF was named fleN. An intact copy of fleN on a plasmid complemented the mutant by restoring motility and monoflagellate status. The beta-galactosidase activities of eight flagellar operon or gene promoters in the wild-type and fleN mutant strains revealed a direct correlation between six promoters that were upregulated in the fleN mutant (fliLMNOPQ, flgBCDE, fliEFG, fliDS orf126, fleSR, and fliC) and positive regulation by FleQ, an NtrC-like transcriptional regulator for flagellar genes. Based on these results, we propose a model where FleN influences FleQ activity (directly or indirectly) in regulating flagellar number in P. aeruginosa.
The Folding of Chromatin (1983)

(1983). The Folding of Chromatin. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 57-91.
ASK heterodyne receiver sensitivity measurements with two in-line 1.5 μm optical amplifiers (1985)

A heterodyne amplitude shift keying configuration was used to evaluate the performance of resonant-type optical amplifiers in a coherent lightwave communication system. With two in-line amplifiers, each with a gain of 25 dB, the total loss between the transmitter and the receiver was 95 dB at 10-9 bit error rate. At a 100 Mbit/s data rate, the receiver sensitivity without amplifiers was -49.3 dBm. With two amplifiers the receiver sensitivity could be maintained at -49.0 dBm.
Amended Silicated for Mercury Control (2006)

Amended Silicates{trademark}, a powdered, noncarbon mercury-control sorbent, was tested at Duke Energy's Miami Fort Station, Unit 6 during the first quarter of 2006. Unit 6 is a 175-MW boiler with a cold-side electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The plant burns run-of-the-river eastern bituminous coal with typical ash contents ranging from 8-15% and sulfur contents from 1.6-2.6% on an as-received basis. The performance of the Amended Silicates sorbent was compared with that for powdered activated carbon (PAC). The trial began with a period of baseline monitoring during which no sorbent was injected. Sampling during this and subsequent periods indicated mercury capture by the native fly ash was less than 10%. After the baseline period, Amended Silicates sorbent was injected at several different ratios, followed by a 30-day trial at a fixed injection ratio of 5-6 lb/MMACF. After this period, PAC was injected to provide a comparison. Approximately 40% mercury control was achieved for both the Amended Silicates sorbent and PAC at injection ratios of 5-6 lbs/MMACF. Higher injection ratios did not achieve significantly increased removal. Similar removal efficiencies have been reported for PAC injection trials at other plants with cold-side ESPs, most notably for plants using medium to high sulfur coal. Sorbent injection did not detrimentally impact plant operations and testing confirmed that the use of Amended Silicates sorbent does not degrade fly ash quality (unlike PAC). The cost for mercury control using either PAC or Amended Silicates sorbent was estimated to be equivalent if fly ash sales are not a consideration. However, if the plant did sell fly ash, the effective cost for mercury control could more than double if those sales were no longer possible, due to lost by-product sales and additional cost for waste disposal. Accordingly, the use of Amended Silicates sorbent could reduce the overall cost of mercury control by 50% or more versus PAC for locations where fly ash is sold as a by-product.
Ber-MAC3: new monoclonal antibody that defines human monocyte/macrophage differentiation antigen. (1991)

A new monoclonal antibody Ber-MAC3 is reported. It recognises a formol sensitive epitope of a not yet clustered monocyte/macrophage specific 140 kilodalton glycoprotein that is expressed on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. In 30 cases of acute and chronic leukaemia, Ber-MAC3 staining was restricted to 15 myeloid leukaemias of M4 and M5 types. The tumour cells of two cases of true histiocytic malignancies were Ber-MAC3 positive, whereas those of all 280 malignancies of lymphocytic origin were negative. The latter included 52 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 41 cases of Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas which had previously been classified as true histiocytic lymphomas. Ber-MAC3 therefore seems to be of considerable value for selective identification of monocytes and macrophages at a certain stage of differentiation and seems to be suitable for diagnosing myelomonocytic or monocytic leukaemia and neoplasms of true histiocytic origin.
A 3-TFT Current-Programmed Pixel Circuit for AMOLEDs (2005)

Current programmed circuits have demonstrated threshold voltage V/sub TH/ shift compensation to provide a stable drive current to the organic light-emitting diode (OLED). However, the degree of stability of drive current depends critically on the dynamic behavior of the circuit. This paper examines the dynamic behavior of a 3-TFT current programmed pixel and analyzes the impact of V/sub TH/ shift on the OLED drive current. The pixel circuit was implemented in amorphous silicon technology and lifetime tests show a 11% current degradation at 700 h.
Electrodeposition of Metals from Organic Solutions (1956)

Stability and operating life of the hydride aluminum plating bath were improved, and addition agents were found which permit thick deposits suitable for electroform ‐ing work. Adhesion of Al to other metals was studied. A model continuous ‐strip Al plating unit is described.
System Modeling and Transformational Design Refinement in ForSyDe (2004)

The scope of the formal system design (ForSyDe) methodology is high-level modeling and refinement of systems-on-a-chip and embedded systems. Starting with a formal specification model, that captures the functionality of the system at a high abstraction level, it provides formal design-transformation methods for a transparent refinement process of the system model into an implementation model that is optimized for synthesis. The main contribution of this paper is the ForSyDe modeling technique and the formal treatment of transformational design refinement. We introduce process constructors, that cleanly separate the computation part of a process from the synchronization and communication part. We develop the characteristic function for each process type and use it to define semantic preserving and design decision transformations. In a study of a digital equalizer example, we illustrate the modeling and refinement process and focus in particular on refinement of the clock domain, communication refinement, and resource sharing.
Simulation of the Adapt on-line diagnosis algorithm for general topology networks (2003)

As dependence on wide-area and other point-to-point networks increases, the need for diagnosis of the distributed resources becomes critical. Continuous online distributed diagnosis at the system-level provides a desirable solution. The Adapt algorithm, which performs online adaptive distributed diagnosis in arbitrary networks in the presence of node failures, is examined. Simulation results depicting operation for various network topologies are given, including test and message counts and diagnosis latency. The results indicate that Adapt performs significantly better than derived worst-case bounds. The best- and worst-case performance bounds are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low Concentrations of Zearalenone in Diets of Mature Gilts (1986)

Four groups of sixteen gilts were each individually fed diets containing 0, 3, 6 or 9 ppm pure zearalenone starting the day after they exhibited puberal estrus. They were artificially inseminated twice at subsequent heat periods. Fifteen of the 30 gilts not exhibiting estrus within 80 d of the start of the experiment were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts examined. The remaining 15 gilts that did not return to estrus were fed the control diet after 80 d to determine the effect on return to estrus. Eighty-eight percent of the gilts fed 6 or 9 ppm zearalenone became pseudopregnant as confirmed by plasma progesterone levels and(or) examination of their reproductive tracts. However, three animals fed the two higher levels of zearalenone conceived and farrowed. No conclusions can be made regarding the effect of zearalenone on litter size due to the relatively few numbers of gilts fed the higher levels of zearalenone that farrowed. Gilts fed diets containing 6 or 9 ppm zearalenone returned to estrus spontaneously (n = 7) or following injection of cloprostenol (n = 8) approximately 45 d after the removal of zearalenone from their diet.
Novel strategies for preventing aspiration pneumonia in the elderly (2010)

誤嚥性肺炎の危険因子として最も重要なものは，脳血管障害および変性疾患に併発しやすい不顕性誤嚥である．不顕性誤嚥は，大脳基底核病変を有している人に多く認められる．降圧剤のACE阻害薬などの不顕性誤嚥の予防薬はハイリスク高齢患者において肺炎の予防効果を有する．また，寝たきり高齢者でも肺炎球菌ワクチン投与は有効で，発熱日数の減少および入院回数の抑制効果が認められる．さらに，寝たきり高齢者で低下し易い細胞性免疫の賦活法としてBCG接種があり，BCG接種は高齢者肺炎の予防効果を有する．
Quiescent pattern control in linearly constrained adaptive arrays (1987)

When an adaptive array operates in the presence of white noise only, the resulting beam pattern is referred to as the quiescent response. Typically, these patterns have mainlobe and sidelobe shapes differing from those designed for use in deterministic, nonadaptive arrays. This paper describes a simple method which allows nearly arbitrary specification of the quiescent response in a linearly constrained power minimization adaptation array. The only restriction on the quiescent is that it must meet the constraints defined for the adaptive array. Since many well-known deterministic designs such as Chebychev are not likely to meet the linear constraint conditions used in adaptive arrays for mainlobe and other pattern control functions, a procedure is presented which modifies the deterministic design to force it to meet the linear constraints in a least-squares manner. Once this has been accomplished, the methods outlined in this paper can be used to cause the modified deterministic design to become the quiescent response of the adaptive array. As a result, the adaptive array can be configured to closely resemble a deterministic array when the noise is white. Under conditions of correlated interference, or jamming, however, the response changes so as to effectively steer nulls in the appropriate directions. The method is based on the use of a generalized side-lobe canceller and requires one additional linear constraint for both narrow-band and broad-band arrays.
The search for mutations in the gene for the beta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDEB) in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. (1992)

The finding of a mutation in the beta subunit of the cyclic GMP (cGMP) phosphodiesterase gene causing retinal degeneration in mice (the Pdeb gene) prompted a search for disease-causing mutations in the human phosphodiesterase gene (PDEB gene) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. All 22 exons including 196 bp of the 5' region of the PDEB gene have been assessed for mutations by using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis in 14 patients from 13 unrelated families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP). No disease-causing mutations were found in this group of affected individuals of seven different ancestries. However, a frequent intronic and two exonic polymorphisms (Leu489----Gln and Gly842----Gly) were identified. Segregation analysis using these polymorphic sites excludes linkage of ARRP to the PDEB gene in a family with two affected children.
Ideas (1979)

Ideas for April is a set of graphing activities. Graphs are useful for organizing information in order to search for patterns. Some students who do not like arithmetic may enjoy graphing very much.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Buckled Beams as Negative Stiffness Elements for Passive Vibration and Shock Isolation Systems (2014)

The behavior of a buckled beam mechanism, which exhibits both bistability and negative stiffness, is investigated for the purposes of passive shock and vibration isolation. The vibration and shock isolation systems investigated in this research include linear, positive stiffness springs in parallel with the transverse motion of buckled beams, resulting in quasizero stiffness behavior. For vibration isolation systems, quasizero stiffness lowers the resonance frequency of the system, thereby reducing its transmissibility at frequencies greater than resonance. For shock isolation systems, quasizero stiffness provides constant-force shock isolation at tailored force levels, thereby enabling increased capacity for absorbing shock energy relative to a comparable positive stiffness system. Single- and double-beam configurations that exhibit first-mode buckling are utilized for vibration isolation, and a single beam that exhibits first- and third-mode buckling is used for shock isolation. For all cases, the static and dynamic behavior of each configuration is modeled analytically. The models are then used to design prototype vibration and shock isolation systems that are fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS). The dynamic behavior of the systems in response to base excitations is determined experimentally, and the results are compared to model-based predictions. The vibration isolation prototypes display isolation levels that are tunable by varying the axial compression of the beams. Double-beam systems are shown to provide greater reductions in resonance frequency than single-beam systems for comparable levels of axial compression. However, low-frequency isolation capabilities are sensitive to the high levels of precision required to obtain low levels of system stiffness. The shock isolation prototype provides isolation at prespecified threshold levels of force or acceleration. In the prototype system, an input shock with a peak acceleration of approximately 7 g is reduced to a peak acceleration of the isolated mass of approximately 1 g. High levels of negative acceleration are observed in models and prototype systems when the buckled beam snaps back to its original position; however, models indicate that large negative accelerations can be mitigated using one-way dampers.
Frame-layer rate control for JVT video coding using improved quadratic rate distortion model (2005)

Rate control is a central part of standard video codecs. Many rate control schemes including some for JVT video coding (MPEG-4 AVC /H.264) employ a quadratic formulation of the rate-distortion (R-D) function. The rate control for JVT video coding is rather complex. In this paper, we analyse the problems existing in the quadratic R-D model and in the recent rate control scheme for JVT video coding. According to the analysis and experimental results, we present an improved quadratic R-D model and a frame-layer rate control scheme for JVT video coding based on the model. This quadratic R-D model is utilized for QP determination in rate control scheme, where the model parameters are estimated using statistical linear regression analysis. The model is also used for computing the starting quantization step (QP) for the first frame in the sequence. The Experimental results show that due to the accuracy of the improved quadratic R-D model, the rate control is quite effective, where the generated bit rates are very close to the target bit rates while achieving good R-D performance. And the starting QP is very close to the average QP, by which the performance is also improved.
Effect of Mineral Salts, Carbachol, and Pilocarpine on Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Characteristics in Cattle (1987)

Fifty percent concentrate diets containing 2% sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, or no additional mineral salts were fed at a rate of 86 g dry matter/kg body weight X 75/d to three barren Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Dietary adaptation was 14 d followed by 4 d collection. Ruminal pH, liquid volume, liquid dilution rate, and particulate rate of passage were increased with dietary mineral salts. Six Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were administered .01 mg carbachol/kg body weight/d, .10 mg pilocarpine/kg body weight/d, or saline placebo via subcutaneous, osmotically controlled pumps in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square design. Treatments were administered for a 14-d adaptation period followed by an 8-d collection period. Both carbachol and pilocarpine increased liquid dilution rate, particulate rate of passage, and percent cellulolytic bacteria, whereas liquid volume was reduced.
An AU-rich sequence in the 3'-UTR of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) mRNA promotes PAI-2 mRNA decay and provides a binding site for nuclear HuR (1999)

The plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) gene is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. We have previously shown that insertion of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PAI-2 mRNA into the 3'-UTR of a beta-globin reporter mRNA reduces constitutive beta-globin mRNA expression and that this requires, at least in part, an AU-rich motif. Here we have directly assessed the role of this motif in PAI-2 mRNA stability using both chimeric and non-chimeric reporter systems. We first show that the full-length PAI-2 mRNA is indeed unstable with a half-life of 1 h. Using the c-fos promoter-driven human growth hormone (HGH) mRNA as a reporter, we demonstrate that the 580 nt 3'-UTR of PAI-2 accelerates chimeric HGH mRNA decay in a process which is dependent on the intact AU-rich sequence. Furthermore, disruption of this motif within a constitutively expressed PAI-2 cDNA produces a 2.5- and 2. 7-fold increase in PAI-2 mRNA and protein levels in HT-1080 cells, respectively. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays indicate that this motif provides a specific binding site for cellular proteins that include nuclear HuR. Taken together, these data show that a correlation exists between the binding of HuR to the AU-rich motif in vitro and the destabilizing properties conferred by this sequence in vivo.