gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Wheat Gene <i>Sr35</i> That Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group (2013)

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. A previously uncharacterized Pgt race, designated Ug99, has overcome most of the widely used resistance genes and is threatening major wheat production areas. Here, we demonstrate that the Sr35 gene from Triticum monococcum is a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat gene that confers near immunity to Ug99 and related races. This gene is absent in the A-genome diploid donor and in polyploid wheat but is effective when transferred from T. monococcum to polyploid wheat. The cloning of Sr35 opens the door to the use of biotechnological approaches to control this devastating disease and to analyses of the molecular interactions that define the wheat-rust pathosystem.
Negotiated A* Routing for FPGAs ∗ (1998)

In the next few years, logic capacities for field-programmable gate arrays are expected to exceed one million gates per device. While this expansion of FPGA device resources offers the promise of exceptional finegrained performance for developing technologies such as ASIC prototyping and FPGA computing, supporting computer-aided design tools have yet to be developed to target these devices rapidly and efficiently. This paper addresses the compilation time issue for routing array FPGAs with segmented routing architectures. By treating the routing problem as an A search, it is possible to trade additional device routing resources for decreased router run-time by converting an exhaustive breadth-first maze route into a shorter depth-first route. It is shown that for the depth-first case, the sparse nature of FPGA routing switches in commerical architectures, such as the Xilinx XC4000 family, necessitates an additional localized search near net inputs, called domain negotiation, to aid in d...
A Rice <i>gid1</i> Suppressor Mutant Reveals That Gibberellin Is Not Always Required for Interaction between Its Receptor, GID1, and DELLA Proteins  (2010)

To investigate gibberellin (GA) signaling using the rice (Oryza sativa) GA receptor GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) mutant gid1-8, we isolated a suppressor mutant, Suppressor of gid1-1 (Sgd-1). Sgd-1 is an intragenic mutant containing the original gid1-8 mutation (L45F) and an additional amino acid substitution (P99S) in the loop region. GID1(P99S) interacts with the rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), even in the absence of GA. Substitution of the 99th Pro with other amino acids revealed that substitution with Ala (P99A) caused the highest level of GA-independent interaction. Physicochemical analysis using surface plasmon resonance revealed that GID1(P99A) has smaller K(a) (association) and K(d) (dissociation) values for GA(4) than does wild-type GID1. This suggests that the GID1(P99A) lid is at least partially closed, resulting in both GA-independent and GA-hypersensitive interactions with SLR1. One of the three Arabidopsis thaliana GID1s, At GID1b, can also interact with DELLA proteins in the absence of GA, so we investigated whether GA-independent interaction of At GID1b depends on a mechanism similar to that of rice GID1(P99A). Substitution of the loop region or a few amino acids of At GID1b with those of At GID1a diminished its GA-independent interaction with GAI while maintaining the GA-dependent interaction. Soybean (Glycine max) and Brassica napus also have GID1s similar to At GID1b, indicating that these unique GID1s occur in various dicots and may have important functions in these plants.
The Power of System Call Traces: Predicting the Software Energy Consumption Impact of Changes (2014)

Battery is a critical resource for smartphones. Software developers as the builders and maintainers of applications, are responsible for updating and deploying energy efficient applications to end users. Unfortunately, the impact of software change on energy consumption is still unclear. Estimation based on software metrics has proved difficult. As energy consumption profiling requires special infrastructure, developers have difficulty assessing the impact of their actions on energy consumption. System calls are the interface between applications and the OS kernel and provide insight into how software utilizes hardware and software resources. As profiling system calls requires no specialized infrastructure, unlike energy consumption, it is much easier for the developers to track changes to system calls. Thus we relate software change to energy consumption by tracing the changes in an application's pattern of system call invocations. We find that significant changes to system call profiles often induce significant changes in energy consumption.
Alkaloids and Flavonoids from Ricinus communis (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids and Flavonoids from Ricinus communisSam S. Kang, Geoffrey A. Cordell, Djaja D. Soejarto, and Harry H. S. FongCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1985, 48, 1, 155–156Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50037a041https://doi.org/10.1021/np50037a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Arsenite Exposure of Cultured Airway Epithelial Cells Activates κB-dependent Interleukin-8 Gene Expression in the Absence of Nuclear Factor-κB Nuclear Translocation (1999)

Airway epithelial cells respond to certain environmental stresses by mounting a proinflammatory response, which is characterized by enhanced synthesis and release of the neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level in part by the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. We compared intracellular signaling mediating IL-8 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells cultured in vitro and exposed to two inducers of cellular stress, sodium arsenite (As(III)), and vanadyl sulfate (V(IV)). Unstimulated bronchial epithelial cells expressed IL-8, and exposure to both metal compounds significantly enhanced IL-8 expression. Overexpression of a dominant negative inhibitor of NF-kappaB depressed both basal and metal-induced IL-8 expression. Low levels of nuclear NF-kappaB were constitutively present in unstimulated cultures. These levels were augmented by exposure to V(IV), but not As(III). Accordingly, V(IV) induced IkappaBalpha breakdown and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, whereas As(III) did not. However, both As(III) and V(IV) enhanced kappaB-dependent transcription. In addition, As(III) activation of an IL-8 promoter-reporter construct was partially kappaB-dependent. These data suggested that As(III) enhanced IL-8 gene transcription independently of IkappaB breakdown and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in part by enhancing transcription mediated by low levels of constitutive nuclear NF-kappaB.
Teaching critical appraisal to students in the Behavioural and Life Sciences (2010)

This study aimed to examine the concept of critical thinking, and implement and evaluate seminars to teach undergraduates critical appraisal skills. Participants were 140 undergraduate students on a Behavioural Medicine module. Four semina s were designed to teach and reinforce critical thinking with source material including research proposals and journal articles. Two assessments relying on critical thinking were linked to the seminars. Teaching method effectiveness was examined using questionnaire evaluations and comparison of current students’ coursework grades with previous years’. Students reported finding the seminars helpful, and their self–ratings of critical appraisal skills improved from pre– to postseminar. For the first piece of coursework, there was an improvement in the mean grade from the previous year, but no improvement on two years previously. There was no overall improvement in grade for the second coursework. The issues surrounding critical appraisal teaching and assessment are discussed. Future studies could investigate whether longer–term follow–up yields evidence of improvement in objectively measured critical ability.
Multiple complex families of endogenous retroviruses are highly conserved in the genus Gallus (1992)

We have analyzed the genome of the domestic chicken for the presence of genetic sequences related to the envelope protein-encoding genes of avian sarcoma/leukosis retroviruses to determine the organization, structure, potential functionality, and distribution of such sequences. We have previously identified in the genus Gallus an extensive group of endogenous avian retroviruses termed EAV-0. Southern blot and sequence analysis presented here of EAV-0 elements revealed that the majority of the EAV-0 elements in the domestic chicken genome have large deletions in their env genes. Screening of a line 0 chicken genomic DNA library for potential full-length env gene-containing endogenous elements yielded three provirus clones of a previously unrecognized group of endogenous retroviruses. These three clones, E13, E33, and E51, are more closely related to each other (80% or more sequence identity) than to other avian retroviruses (70% or less sequence identity). The E13 element has a large deletion in env, but the E51 element has full-length and highly divergent SU- and TM-coding domains. Complete sequence analysis of the E51 env gene region revealed a defective SU-coding domain and an intact TM-coding domain. Sequence analysis of the E51, E33, and E13 3' termini revealed highly distinctive long terminal repeats of approximately 360 bp which appear to be the products, in part, of long terminal repeat domain shuffling. Hybridization analysis with E51 and E33 env gene probes indicated that they are members of an extensive group of elements present in all Gallus species, and at least one element, E51, could be shown by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing to have integrated prior to Gallus speciation.
AIDS-related malignant lymphoma: results of prospective treatment trials. (1987)

Twenty-two consecutive patients with high-grade, B-cell lymphomas related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were accrued onto two sequential phase II studies, consisting of a standard regimen (M-BACOD, group no. 1, N = 13), or a novel, intensive regimen (group no. 2, N = 9), which included high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara-C), and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), in an attempt to prevent CNS relapse and improve response rates. Stage IV disease was present in 82%. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in seven of 13 patients (54%) in group no. 1, and in three of nine (33%) group no. 2 (P = NS). By multivariate analysis, the most significant factor in predicting response was a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) greater than 60 (P = .04). Three of the ten patients who achieved CR on either regimen have relapsed; in all, five of 13 patients (31%) in group no. 1 have achieved disease-free survival for more than 1 year, compared with one of nine (11%) in group no. 2. CNS progression occurred in six patients in group no. 2, and in two patients in group no. 1. Hematologic toxicity was significantly greater in group no. 2, and these patients had an increased risk of opportunistic infection (one in group no. 1 v seven in group no. 2; P less than .01). Survival was similar, with a median of 11 months in group no. 1 and 6 months in group no. 2. We conclude that the intensive regimen of combination chemotherapy described here is associated with significant risk of early death due to opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma, and that progression in the CNS remains a major problem. Trials of combination chemotherapy of a less intensive nature, perhaps in combination with immunomodulators or antiretroviral agents should be explored.
An improved high-power DC/DC Converter for distributed power generation (2009)

This paper presents a new step-up DC/DC converter topology intended for the distributed power generation systems. The topology utilizes the voltage fed quasi Z-source inverter with continuous input current on the primary side, a single-phase isolation transformer and a voltage doubler rectifier. To increase the power density of the converter, implementation of the three-phase auxiliary AC-link (three-phase inverter and three-phase isolation transformer) and the three-phase voltage doubler rectifier are proposed by the authors. The paper describes the operation principles of the proposed topologies and analyzes the theoretical and experimental results.
Biodiesel production through non-catalytic supercritical transesterification: current state and perspectives (2014)

The inconveniences of the conventional method for biodiesel production by alkaline catalysis suggests research towards alternative methods, with the non-catalytic transesterification using an alcohol at supercritical conditions proposed as a promising technique for biodiesel production. The so-called supercritical method (SCM) has powerful advantages over conventional techniques, such as fast reaction rates, feedstock flexibility, production efficiency and environmentally friendly benefits. However, application of this methodology has some limitations, like operating conditions (elevated temperature and pressure and higher amounts of alcohol), which result in high energy costs and degradation of the products generated. In this review paper the state of the art in relation to the use of the SCM for biodiesel production is reported and discussed, describing the characteristics of the method, the influence of operational parameters on the ester yield, patents available in the field and the perspectives for application of the technique.
Synthesis of MoS<sub>2</sub> and MoSe<sub>2</sub> Films with Vertically Aligned Layers (2013)

Layered materials consist of molecular layers stacked together by weak interlayer interactions. They often crystallize to form atomically smooth thin films, nanotubes, and platelet or fullerene-like nanoparticles due to the anisotropic bonding. Structures that predominately expose edges of the layers exhibit high surface energy and are often considered unstable. In this communication, we present a synthesis process to grow MoS2 and MoSe2 thin films with vertically aligned layers, thereby maximally exposing the edges on the film surface. Such edge-terminated films are metastable structures of MoS2 and MoSe2, which may find applications in diverse catalytic reactions. We have confirmed their catalytic activity in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which the exchange current density correlates directly with the density of the exposed edge sites.
High pressure gas filter system Patent (1970)

Developing high pressure gas purification and filtration system for use in test operations of space vehicles
One Batch Exfoliation and Assembly of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets Using Electrophoretic Deposition (2015)

Two-dimensional (2-D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a family of nanostructures possessing exciting physical properties relevant toward applications often requiring fabrication of macroscopic films and networks. Here, we demonstrate electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for assembly of a broad range of 2-D TMDs, including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2), into uniform coatings that can be universally applied on both planar and porous three-dimensional foam electrodes. This assembly process can be directly coupled with solvent exfoliation to yield one-batch processing capable of transforming bulk TMD powders into functional films and coatings of 2-D TMD nanostructures. EPD from common exfoliating solvents 1-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP) and acetonitrile (ACN) indicates assembly kinetics governed by the inherent solution properties of the solvents, with poorer exfoliation in ACN compared to NMP, but more rapid deposition kinetics in ACN compared to NMP. In-situ absorbance monitoring indicates the capability to completely deposit all dispersed mass of highly purified 2-D TMDs onto a solid substrate. Overall, our work demonstrates EPD as a versatile and efficient route to assemble 2-D TMD nanostructures directly from exfoliated dispersions into planar and 3-D substrates for use in diverse applications.
MRI feedback control for phased array prostate hyperthermia (2002)

Temperature feedback control has the potential to enhance hyperthermia treatments by providing more uniform heating of the target volume and improving the response time required to reach therapeutic temperatures. A multivariable least squares algorithm was implemented using recursive and batch methods to provide on-line and off-line estimation of system parameters for simulated prostate hyperthermia treatments. A multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller was implemented for simulated prostate hyperthermia treatments with a 64 element phased array. Control algorithms suitable for using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) non-invasive measurements were investigated, taking into account issues relevant to MRI thermometry such as a large number of states (temperature measurements), a relatively slow sampling rate, and noise in the temperature information. An MRI compatible 62 element ultrasound phased array was constructed and tested in an MRI magnet. The phased array and control algorithms developed in the study have the potential to be incorporated into a non-invasive prostate hyperthermia system utilizing MRI feedback.
Bronchiectasis in Children (1995)

Journal of Thoracic Imaging (JTI) provides authoritative information on all aspects of the use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Original articles and analytical reviews published in this timely journal provide the very latest thinking of leading experts concerning the use of chest radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, and all other promising imaging techniques in cardiopulmonary radiology. Official Journal of the Society of Thoracic Radiology: Japanese Society of Thoracic Radiology Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology European Society of Thoracic Imaging
Molecular cloning and characterization of the type VII isoform of mammalian adenylyl cyclase expressed widely in mouse tissues and in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. (1994)

We have isolated a 5199-nucleotide cDNA from a mouse library containing an open reading frame encoding the 1099-amino acid type VII adenylyl cyclase protein. The type VII protein is most closely related in primary structure to an unpublished human adenylyl cyclase clone (GenBank accession no. D25538) and type II adenylyl cyclase. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that the type VII mRNA is most abundant in mouse heart, spleen, and lung. cAMP content rises rapidly in HEK 293 cells overexpressing type VII adenylyl cyclase following treatment with phorbol ester, peaking by 4 min, while cells expressing the type II adenylyl cyclase reach peak accumulation only after 20 min. Increases in intracellular calcium through treatment of type VII-293 cells with either ATP or A23187 alone failed to increase intracellular cAMP content. Phorbol ester treatment acted synergistically with beta-adrenergic stimulation to increase cAMP content in type VII-transformed cells. Pretreatment of type VII-transformed cells with pertussis toxin fails to prevent phorbol ester potentiation of isoproterenol stimulation. Thus the ability of phorbol ester to increase basal and isoproterenol-stimulated type VII activity appears to be a direct effect on this adenylyl cyclase isoform and not the result of modification of the inhibitory G protein, Gi.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y DE COOPERACIÓN FRENTE ALDESPLAZAMIENTO INTERNO EN COLOMBIA: EL TRABAJO SOCIAL EN SU ANÁLISIS Y REFORMULACIÓN (2012)

This article presents an overview of the public policy and international cooperation towards displacement in Colombia; emphasizing on the role that social wo...
Coated Wire Potentiometric Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis Studied Using Organic Amines, Drugs, and Biogenic Amines (2006)

Capillary electrophoresis was coupled successfully and reliably to potentiometric sensors, which are based on an ionically conductive rubber phase coating, applied on a 250 microm diameter metal substrate. The membrane components included potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (TCPB), bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS), and high molecular mass poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Potentiometry reveals a very sensitive CE detection mode, with sub-micromolar detection limits for amines and the randomly chosen drugs quinine, clozapine, cocaine, heroine, noscapine, papaverine, and ritodrine. The lowest detection limit, 1 x 10(-8) M injected concentration, was obtained for the quaternary ammonium compound tetrahexylammonium chloride. The more polar lower aliphatic amines and the biogenic amines dopamine, adrenaline, and cadaverine have much higher detection limits. The detection limits are log P dependent. Addition of a commercially available calixarene molecule or a synthetic macrocyclic amphiphilic receptor molecule to the electrode coatings enhanced the sensitivity respectively for the lower aliphatic amines and for the biogenic amines. A transpose of the Nikolskii-Eisenman-type function was suggested and used to convert the signal of the detector to a concentration-dependent signal.
Multi-hop asynchronous cooperative diversity: Performance analysis (2008)

Mobile users with single antennas can use spatial transmission diversity through cooperative space-time encoded transmission. In this paper, we present an end-to-end performance analysis of two-hop asynchronous cooperative diversity with regenerative relays over Rayleigh block-flat-fading channels, in which a precoding frame-based scheme with packet-wise encoding is used. This precoding is based on the addition of a cyclic prefix which is implemented as a training sequence. We derive, for equal and unequal sub-channel gains, the bit-error rate and the end-to-end bit-error rate expressions for binary phase-shift keying. We also present the performance of the frame-error rate and the end-to-end frame-error rate. Finally, comparisons between three system configurations, differing by the amount of cooperation, are presented. Furthermore, simulations show that the analytical results are correct at all SNRs.