gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annapurna: Building a Real-World Smartwatch-Based Automated Food Journal (2018)

We describe the design and implementation of a smartwatch-based, completely unobtrusive, food journaling system, where the smartwatch helps to intelligently capture useful images of food that an individual consumes throughout the day. The overall system, called Annapurna, is based on three key components: (a) a smartwatch-based gesture recognizer to identify eating gestures, (b) a smartwatch-based image capturer that obtains a small set of relevant and useful images with a low energy overhead, and (c) a server-based image filtering engine that removes irrelevant uploaded images, and then catalogs them through a portal. Our primary challenge is to make the system robust to the huge diversity in natural eating habits and food choices. We show how we address this by an appropriate coupling between a smartwatch's camera sensor and inertial sensor-based tracking of eating gestures, thereby helping to capture multiple likely-to-be-useful images with low energy overhead. Through a series of real-world, in-the-wild studies, we demonstrate the end-to-end working of Annapurna, which captures useful images in over 95% of all natural eating episodes.
Spring Level Sets: A Deformable Model Representation to Provide Interoperability between Meshes and Level Sets (2012)

A new type of deformable model is presented that merges meshes and level sets into one representation to provide interoperability between methods designed for either. This includes the ability to circumvent the CFL time step restriction for methods that require large step sizes. The key idea is to couple a constellation of disconnected triangular surface elements (springls) with a level set that tracks the moving constellation. The target application for Spring Level Sets (SpringLS) is to implement comprehensive imaging pipelines that require a mixture of deformable model representations to achieve the best performance. We demonstrate how to implement key components of a comprehensive imaging pipeline with SpringLS, including image segmentation, registration, tracking, and atlasing.
Loop diuretics: from the Na-K-2Cl transporter to clinical use (2003)

The diuretic response to loop diuretics in various disease states has consistently been found to be subnormal. One of the key determinants of the degree of diuretic response is the functional integrity of the sodium-potassium-chloride transporter in the loop of Henle. Studies in animal models suggest that expression/activity of the transporter may be affected by factors such as altered natural splicing events of NKCC2 (the gene encoding for the renal transporter), renal prostanoids, vasopressin, and other autacoids. We have reviewed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loop diuretics in health and in edematous disorders for which they are used. On the basis of evidence reviewed in this paper, we propose that altered expression or activity of the sodium-potassium-chloride transporter in the loop of Henle, in conjunction with events occurring in other segments of the nephron, possibly accounts for the altered diuretic response to these agents. Thus the modulators of this altered expression/activity could serve as important therapeutic targets for alternative diuretic regimens in these conditions.
Adaptive Semi-Implicit Integrator for Articulated Mechanical Systems (2017)

This paper concerns the dynamic simulation of constrained mechanical systems in the context of real-time applications and stable integrators. The goal is to adaptively find a balance between the stability of an over-damped implicit scheme and the energetic consistency of the symplectic, semi-implicit Euler scheme. As a starting point, we investigate in detail the properties of a recently proposed timestepping scheme, which approximates a full nonlinear implicit solution with a single linear system, without compromising stability. This scheme introduces a geometric stiffness term that improves numerical stability up to a certain time-step size, but it does so at the cost of large mechanical dissipation in comparison to the traditional constrained dynamics formulation. Dissipation is sometimes undesirable from a mechanical point of view, especially if the dissipation is not quantified. In this paper, we propose to use an additional control parameter to regulate “how implicit” the Jacobian matrix is, and change the degree to which the geometric stiffness term contributes. For the selection of this parameter, adaptive schemes are proposed based on the monitoring of energy drift. The proposed adaptive method is verified through the simulation of open-chain systems.
Palladium-catalyzed amination and cyclization to heteroannellated indoles and carbazoles (2003)

New ortho-bromodiarylamines in the benzo[b]thiophene series were prepared by palladium-catalyzed amination, either in the benzene or in the thiophene ring. These were submitted to palladium-catalyzed cyclization, under different required conditions, to give several differently substituted thieno[3,2-c] or [2,3-b]carbazoles and indolo[3,2-b]benzo[b]thiophenes. This constitutes a novel synthetic route to both tetracyclic systems.
Calf Augmentation with Autologous Tissue Injection (2008)

Autologous augmentation and shaping offers scar-free, long-lasting results, with no late complications, and with the possibility of touchup.
Purification and characterization of a novel zinc-proteinase from cultures of Aeromonas hydrophila. (1993)

While searching for an enzyme capable of breaking epsilon-(gamma-Glu)-Lys isopeptide bonds cross-linking protein chains, we purified a metallo-proteinase which mimics the action of an isopeptidase on the gamma-chain dimers of cross-linked fibrin. The enzyme is present in the growth medium of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, isolated from the intestinal tract of the leech Hirudo medicinalis. It is a 19-kDa protein which specifically hydrolyzes the Gly-Ala peptide bond within the Gly-Gly-Ala sequence, located near the cross-link site in the gamma-chain dimer of fibrin. Substrate specificity studies with a number of synthetic peptides suggest that the enzyme prefers Gly-Gly or acetyl-Gly in the P2 and P1 positions, respectively (Schecter, I., and Berger, A. (1967) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157-162). Nonpolar amino acid residues seem to be favored in the P1' and P2' positions. The enzyme contains one atom of zinc and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, but not by EDTA. Iodoacetate, leupeptin, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, pepstatin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin have no effect on enzyme activity. Disulfide reducing reagents, such as dithiothreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol, inactivate the enzyme completely. The partial amino-terminal sequence shows 46% identity with a zinc metallo-proteinase from a strain of Lysobacter enzymogenes and 69% identity with the LasA protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Persistent infection by Salmonella enterica servovar Typhimurium: are synbiotics a therapeutic option? – a case report (2018)

Little is known about the prevalence of persistent human infections by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Recently published study results indicate that a small fraction (at least 2.2%) of NTS-infected patients continue to shed Salmonella for an extended period of time (up to years). Despite the recommendation not to use antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated NTS-Salmonella infection, little treatment guidance is available. Clinical findings from a NTS-patient indicate that administration of synbiotics (probiotic bacteria plus prebiotic) might be considered as a treatment option. We report data of a patient who was treated with a synbiotic preparation containing nine different probiotic bacteria and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Starting from day one of the treatment, the patient experienced an improvement of symptoms and was symptom-free at the end of a 10 days treatment course. After finishing the treatment, the stool proved to be Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium negative. In vitro pathogenic inhibition studies showed the inhibitory effects of the multistrain synbiotic mixture against S. Typhimurium. Growth of S. Typhimurium was also inhibited by individual bacterial strains making part of the composition of the mixture. However, he inhibitory effects of individual strains varied significantly, with those of Streptococcus thermophilus St-21 and Lactobacillus helveticus SP-27 exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect. Persistent infections by S. Typhimurium are a severe concern for the affected patients. Besides the symptomatic burden, infected persons are banned from work in certain areas (e.g. food related service). In addition, patients with persistent S. Typhimurium infections are a threat for the public health in general, as they serve as a reservoir for NTS transmission. The findings indicate that treatment with a synbiotic preparation might provide a treatment option for persistent S. Typhimurium infections. More clinical data have to be gathered to confirm the relevance of this potential treatment approach.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Prostate at 3 T for Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Tissue in Transition and Peripheral Zones (2007)

The DWI of the prostate at 3T MRI using a phased-array coil was useful for the differentiation of malignant and benign tissues in the TZ and PZ.
The Primate Embryo Gene Expression Resource: A Novel Resource to Facilitate Rapid Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Non-Human Primate Oocytes and Preimplantation Stage Embryos1 (2004)

Detailed molecular studies of preimplantation stage development in a suitable nonhuman primate model organism have been inhibited due to the cost and scarcity of embryos. To circumvent these limitations, we have created a new resource for the research community, designated as the Primate Embryo Gene Expression Resource (PREGER). The PREGER sample collection currently contains over 160 informative samples of oocytes, obtained from various sized antral follicles, and embryos obtained through a variety of different protocols. The PREGER makes it possible to undertake quantitative gene-expression studies in rhesus monkey oocytes and embryos through simple and cost-effective hybridization-based methods. The PREGER also makes available other molecular tools to facilitate nonhuman primate embryology. We used PREGER here to compare the temporal expression patterns of five housekeeping mRNAs and three transcription factor mRNAs between mouse and rhesus monkey. We observed noticeable differences in temporal expression patterns between species for some mRNAs, but clear similarities for others. Our results also provide new information related to genome activation and the effects of embryo culture conditions on gene expression in primate embryos. These results provide one illustration of how the PREGER can be employed to obtain novel insight into primate embryogenesis.
ATF3 and ATF3 delta Zip. Transcriptional repression versus activation by alternatively spliced isoforms. (1994)

ATF3 is a member of the mammalian activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding protein (ATF/CREB) family of transcription factors. In this report, we demonstrate that, contrary to the implication of its name, ATF3 represses rather than activates transcription from promoters with ATF sites. We also present evidence suggesting that one possible mechanism by which ATF3 represses transcription is to stabilize inhibitory co-factors at the promoter. In addition, we describe a naturally occurring, alternatively spliced, form of ATF3: ATF3 delta Zip. ATF3 delta Zip lacks the leucine zipper domain and does not bind to DNA. In contrast to ATF3, ATF3 delta Zip stimulates transcription, presumably by sequestering inhibitory co-factors away from the promoter. It is possible that ATF3 delta Zip is a physiologically important regulator and that it, together with ATF3, regulates the expression of specific target genes.
Condition monitoring of a wind turbine DFIG by current or power analysis (2010)

As wind energy assumes greater importance in remote and offshore locations, effective and reliable condition monitoring techniques are required. This paper proposes a method analysing electrical signals from the stator terminals of the wound rotor induction generators commonly used in wind turbines. Analytical equations have been derived for the frequency content of line current and total instantaneous power for healthy and faulty wound rotor induction generators and these have been used to analyse signals from test rigs in the steady state. Analysis at constant speed yields a set of equation constants which describe the frequencies of most interest as observed from the test rig environments. Having discovered a consistent group of fault frequencies the data is then demonstrated at variable speed to show the variability of those fault frequencies with speed. It is concluded that tracking these speed dependent fault frequencies will be an effective way to monitor the health of a wound rotor induction generator in a wind turbine. (7 pages)
Effects of Lipid Overload on Heart in Metabolic Diseases (2021)

Metabolic diseases are often associated with lipid and glucose metabolism abnormalities, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important development of metabolic diseases and a major cause of death. Lipids are the main fuel for energy metabolism in the heart. The increase of circulating lipids affects the uptake and utilization of fatty acids and glucose in the heart, and also affects mitochondrial function. In this paper, the mechanism of lipid overload in metabolic diseases leading to cardiac energy metabolism disorder is discussed.
Toughening structural adhesives via nano- and micro-phase inclusions (2003)

It has been clearly demonstrated that the addition of low concentrations of nanosilica particles to a typical rubber-toughened adhesive, based upon a two-part epoxy formulation, leads to very significant increases in the toughness of the adhesive and also to increases in the glass transition temperature and the single-lap shear strength. The nano-SiO 2 particles have an average particle diameter of 20 nm and are very well dispersed in the epoxy adhesive, and only a concentration of about 1% to 8% by mass of such nanoparticles are needed to achieve significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal performance of the rubber-toughened two-part epoxy adhesive.
Simple quantitative molecular orbital methods used in connection with photoelectron spectroscopy (1972)

The usefulness of certain molecular orbital theories in the prediction of molecular ionization energies is investigated. A simple Hückel treatment offers definite advantages over the more imposing CNDO method. The ab initio FSGO method of Frost is unreliable quantitatively.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>Nickel Spin Degrees of Freedom in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>NiCl</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>SC</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>NH</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2006)

It has recently been suggested that the organic compound NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 (DTN) undergoes field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of the Ni spin degrees of freedom. The Ni S = 1 spins exhibit three-dimensional XY antiferromagnetism above a critical field H(c1) approximately 2 T. The spin fluid can be described as a gas of hard-core bosons where the field-induced antiferromagnetic transition corresponds to Bose-Einstein condensation. We have determined the spin Hamiltonian of DTN using inelastic neutron diffraction measurements, and we have studied the high-field phase diagram by means of specific heat and magnetocaloric effect measurements. Our results show that the field-temperature phase boundary approaches a power-law H - H(c1) proportional variant T(alpha)(c) near the quantum critical point, with an exponent that is consistent with the 3D BEC universal value of alpha = 1.5.
Improvement in quality of life of children with acute Crohn's disease does not parallel mucosal healing after treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (2004)

Although children may find dietary restrictions difficult, this study confirms a clear improvement in QOL after treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. However, improvement in QOL scores is not reflected by improvement in mucosal inflammation. Whilst improving QOL remains a core principal in patient management, the long-term consequences of ongoing mucosal inflammation must be better understood before relying only on short-term QOL measures to dictate treatment choices.
Aromatherapy Positively Affects Mood, Eeg Patterns of Alertness and Math Computations (1998)

EEG activity, alertness, and mood were assessed in 40 adults given 3 minutes of aromatherapy using two aromas, lavender (considered a relaxing odor) or rosemary (considered a stimulating odor). Participants were also given simple math computations before and after the therapy. The lavender group showed increased beta power, suggesting increased drowsiness, they had less depressed mood (POMS) and reported feeling more relaxed and performed the math computations faster and more accurately following aromatherapy. The rosemary group, on the other hand, showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower state anxiety scores, reported feeling more relaxed and alert and they were only faster, not more accurate, at completing the math computations after the aromatherapy session.
Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of the <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> Chicago Strain (2010)

In syphilis research, the Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum, isolated in 1912, has been the most widely studied. Recently, important differences among T. pallidum strains emerged; therefore, we sequenced and annotated the Chicago strain genome to facilitate and encourage the use of this strain in studying the pathogenesis of syphilis.
Allosteric modulation by benzodiazepine receptor ligands of the GABAA receptor channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1988)

Chick brain mRNA was isolated and injected into Xenopus oocytes. This led to the expression in the surface membrane of functional GABA-activated channels with properties reminiscent of vertebrate GABAA channels. The GABA-induced current was analyzed quantitatively under voltage-clamp conditions. Picrotoxin inhibited this current in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 = 0.6 microM. The allosteric modulation of GABA currents by a number of drugs acting at the benzodiazepine binding site was characterized quantitatively. In the presence of the benzodiazepine receptor ligands diazepam and clorazepate, GABA responses were enhanced, and in the presence of the convulsant beta-carboline compound methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), they were depressed. Maximal stimulation of the response elicited by 10 microM GABA was 160% with diazepam and 90% with clorazepate, and maximal inhibition was 42% with DMCM, 30% with methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM), 15% with ethyl-8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo [1,5a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate (Ro 15-1788), and 12% with ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCE). Half-maximal stimulation was observed with 20 nM diazepam and 390 nM clorazepate, respectively, and half-maximal inhibition with 6 nM DMCM. beta-CCM had a similar effect to DMCM, whereas beta-CCE and Ro 15-1788 showed only small inhibition at low concentrations (less than 1 microM). All the tested carboline compounds and Ro 15-1788 showed a biphasic action and stimulated GABA current at concentrations higher than 1 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Routing and packet scheduling in WiMAX mesh networks (2007)

This paper considers the problem of maximizing the system throughput in IEEE 802.16 broadband access networks with mesh topology, and the following results are presented. We consider a linear chain network and discuss its applicability for providing cost effective solutions in sparsely populated areas, such as interstate highways and rural communities. We provide an optimal scheduling algorithm and establish an analytical result on the length of the schedule for linear chain networks. We also consider the problem of routing and packet scheduling in general topology, and show its NP-completeness. Based on our optimal algorithm for linear networks, we propose algorithms that find routes and schedules of packet transmissions in general mesh topologies. The performance of our proposed algorithms is analyzed using the NS-2 simulator. The results show that the proposed algorithms perform significantly better than other existing algorithms.
Immunofluorescence Identification of<i>Mycoplasma</i>on Agar by Use of Incident Illumination (1967)

The fluorescent-antibody method has been employed for the rapid identification of Mycoplasma colonies growing on agar plates. The method was found to be effective for detection of mixtures of Mycoplasma serotypes growing on primary isolation plates. The technique also helped to define the presence of mycoplasmas which did not produce typical colonies. It was also possible to identify Mycoplasma colonies overgrown by bacterial or fungal contaminants. Conjugates directed against 10 distinct Mycoplasma serotypes have been successfully employed in this system. One of the serotypes is a human oral isolate which has not been previously characterized.
Relationships between Early Inflammatory Response to Bleomycin and Sensitivity to Lung Fibrosis (2007)

This study highlights the importance of the early inflammatory events that follow bleomycin instillation in the development of lung fibrosis, and describes for the first time the roles that DPPI and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 may play in this process.
Evaluating Commonwealth Coordinated Care: The Experiences of Individuals Dually Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid (2016)

Objectives 1. To understand Virginia’s rationale for implementing the Commonwealth Coordinated Care Program and its approach to evaluating it. 2. To provide a framework for examining the health care experiences of individuals with behavioral health and/or long-term service and support needs who are enrolled in the Commonwealth Coordinated Care Program. 3. To inform policy on future options for improving the quality and health care experiences of similar groups of individuals in Virginia and other states.
Preparation and Characterization of Low Dielectric Methyl Silsesquioxane (MSSQ) Thin Films (2001)

As feature sizes in integrated circuits approach 0.18 ㎛ and below, problems such as interconnect RC delay and crosstalk become more serious. Materials with low dielectric constants are needed\nto solve these problems. We applied methyl silsesquioxane (MSSQ) as a low dielectric material and studied the film formation condition and the electrical properties of MSSQ films. MSSQ dissolved in a propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) and MSSQ/PGMEA solution was spun on glass substrates at various concentrations. Spinning at 2,500 rpm for 30 sec resulted in films with thicknesses of 6,500 A. Then, we cured the films by heating and measured the electrical properties of samples sandwiched between Al electrodes. The dielectric constant was ~ 2.7, the breakdown strength was about 2.3 MV/cm, and the leakage current was 5.4 X 10-10 A/cm2. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) indicated that the curing reaction started at about 200 ℃ and proceeded very fast up to 250 ℃. The structural change in the MSSQ films during curing was monitored by following the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) absorption intensity of the Si-O stretching vibration, which showed that the Si-O structure became more asymmetric during curing and/or network formation.