gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Polystyrene Derivatives with Sterically Protected Fluorenyl- and Carbazolylborane Moieties (2011)

Polystyrene was functionalized with luminescent fluorenyl- and carbazolylborane pendant moieties. Because of an interaction of the empty p orbital on boron with the extended π-systems of fluorene or carbazole, the resulting polymeric materials exhibit intense blue emission with maxima in the range 390–420 nm. The solution quantum yields were 65% for the fluorene derivative and 68 and 11% for two different carbazole derivatives, respectively. The stability of the borylated polymers was enhanced by attachment of a bulky triisopropylphenyl group to each of the boron centers. Thus, the polymers were found to be stable for a period of over 1 month. Thermal stability up to ca. 250 °C was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis.
PROCESSING OF COMPOSITES USING VARIABLE AND FIXED FREQUENCY MICROWAVE FACILITIES (2008)

[Abstract]: This paper starts with the characteristics and advantages of microwaves processing. The shortcomings of fixed frequency, typically at 2.45 GHz were also mentioned. On account of this, the newly developed variable frequency microwave (VFM) fabrication was mentioned and adopted in place of the fixed frequency process. Three cases of fixed frequency microwave processing of materials were described; the characteristics and pros of each case was mentioned and commented. Four cases of processing materials using variable frequency microwave facility (VFMF) were mentioned; the advantages and limitations of each case were discussed. The microwave processing of materials provides improved mechanical, physical and electrical properties with much reduced processing time. Furthermore, variable frequency microwave processing is more superior to its fixed frequency counterpart except that the cost of the facilities of the former is much higher than the latter at this point in time but it appears that the price will drop in the coming ten years.
INNOVATIVE PROCESS IN ASPHALT PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION TO OBTAIN LOWER OPERATING TEMPERATURES (2000)

This paper describes an innovative warm mixture process that was tested in the laboratory and evaluated in large-scale field trials (in Norway, the UK and the Netherlands) with particular reference to the production and laying of dense graded wearing courses. The key issue is to reduce the asphalt production temperatures without compromising asphalt mixture performance or quality. A balance must be found between the low viscosity of the binder which is needed to obtain good aggregate coating and good workability during mixing, laying and compaction, and an acceptable 'curing time' by having a rapid increase in mechanical strength to meet the required final asphalt properties. Studies in the laboratory and in road trials were carried out to evaluate the performance of the mixture in terms of resistance to rutting (dynamic creep), fretting and cracking (fatigue and low temperature testing). Apart from the mixture performance, studies were carried out to investigate the effect of lower temperatures on asphalt fume emissions and energy consumption. Results show the potential of this new process for obtaining energy savings and asphalt fume reductions, while at the same time maintaining mixture performance characteristics close to those of the hot mixtures. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107185.
Female Pattern Hair Loss (2013)

The only approved treatment for FPHL, which is 2% topical Minoxidil, should be applied at the dosage of 1ml twice day for a minimum period of 12 months. This review will discuss off-label alternative modalities of treatment including 5-alfa reductase inhibitors, antiandrogens, estrogens, prostaglandin analogs, lasers, light treatments and hair transplantation.
BLOOD LOSS IN NEUROSURGICAL OPERATIONS (1938)

WHITE, J. C. M.D.; WHITELAW, G. P. M.D.; SWEET, W. H. M.D.; HURWITT, E. S. M.D. Author Information
Lysosome‐dependent pathways as a unifying theme in Parkinson's disease (2012)

Although the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered multifactorial, evidence from genetics and cell biology has implicated specific molecular pathways. This article summarizes evidence that suggests that the level of intracellular alpha-synuclein is critical for the onset of neurodegeneration with Lewy bodies and dependent, to a large extent, on lysosomal degradation. The function of other key proteins that emerged from genetics is discussed: Pink1 and Parkin regulate the degradation of damaged mitochondria by the lysosome (mitophagy). Glucocerebrosidase and ATP13A2 are important components of this degradative organelle. VPS35 and LRRK2 may regulate trafficking within lysosome-dependent pathways, such as autophagy and endosomal vesicle recycling. Clinically, diffuse alpha-synucleinopathy or dementia seems to correlate with mutations which interfere with the broader function of lysosomal pathways, whereas a predominantly motor syndrome and nigrostriatal degeneration is associated with specific defects in mitophagy. Based on these studies, it is proposed that a protein network involved in trafficking to, or degradation by, lysosomes could be sufficient to explain the phenotypic spectrum within PD in a unifying biochemical pathway.
Energy storage in electrochemical capacitors: designing functional materials to improve performance (2010)

Electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are becoming increasingly important components in energy storage, although their widespread use has not been attained due to a high cost/performance ratio. Fundamental research is contributing to lowered costs through the engineering of new materials. Currently the most viable materials used in electrochemical capacitors are biomass-derived and polymer-derived activated carbons, although other carbon materials are useful research tools. Metal oxides could result in a step change for electrochemical capacitor technology and is an exciting area of research. The selection of an appropriate electrolyte and electrode structure is fundamental in determining device performance. Although there are still many uncertainties in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in electrochemical capacitors, genuine progress continues to be made. It is argued that a large, collaborative international research programme is necessary to fully develop the potential of electrochemical capacitors.
Clinical Status and Cerebrospinal Fluid “Total Neuraminic Acid” (1959)

The observation<sup>1,2</sup>that the “total neuraminic acid” in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of schizophrenic patients as a group is lower than that found in nonschizophrenic subjects raised many questions regarding the possible significance of this finding. Perhaps one of the first of these is concerned with the constancy of the neuraminic acid concentration in a given patient over a period of time. If the concentration of neuraminic acid is indeed of significance in the schizophrenic process, several possibilities present themselves. The concentration may be a constant characteristic for a given individual—like a fingerprint, a biological landmark. On the other hand, the concentration may vary with different functional states of the nervous system. It is also possible that both phenomena may operate; thus, the concentration may vary slightly with certain functional states, but vary over a relatively narrow range, which is itself in some
Measurement of Fresnel drag in moving media using a ring-resonator technique (1988)

Measurements of the Fresnel drag in moving glass media were performed using a passive ring-resonator method. The effective drag coefficient was measured for various glass samples of different indices of refraction and dispersions. When we averaged 15 separate measurements, we obtained overall agreement with theory that was well within our ±2.8 × 10−4 measurement uncertainty, thus providing, to our knowledge, the most accurate verification of Fresnel drag thus far.
Learning the structure of gene regulatory networks from time series gene expression data (2011)

Friedman's score metrics for DBN can be used to reconstruct transition networks and has a great potential to improve the accuracy of gene regulatory network structure prediction with time series gene expression datasets.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONS OF 5H,11H‐(2)BENZOPYRANO(4,3‐G)(1)BENZOPYRAN‐9‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Zu pharmakologischen Untersuchungen werden verschiedene Polycyclen (II) untersucht.
Automatic Detection of Facial Midline And Its Contributions To Facial Feature Extraction (2007)

We propose a novel approach for detection of the facial midline from a frontal face image. Using midline as a guide reduces computational cost required for facial feature extraction (FFE) because the midline is capable of restricting multi-dimensional searching process into one-dimensional search. The proposed method detects the facial midline from an edge image as the symmetry axis using the generalized Hough transformation. Experimental results on the FERET database indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect facial midlines over many different scales and rotation. The total computational time for facial feature extraction has been reduced by a factor of 280 using the midline detected by this method.
Routing for symmetric FPGAs and FPICs (1993)

A new class of routing structures with fixed orthogonal wire segments and field programmable switches at the intersections of the wire segments is proposed. In comparison with the conventional two-dimensional field-programmable gate array (FPGA) routing structure, this class of routing structures has the advantage of using a smaller number of active programmable switches. An existing field-programmable interconnect chip (FPIC) routing structure can be included as a special case in our class of routing structures. Using a probabilistic model, we prove that complete routing can be achieved with a high degree of probability in a routing structure of this class in which the number of tracks in each channel approaches the lower bound asymptotically. We present a sequential routing algorithm based on the solution of the single net routing problem. We take into account the delay introduced by the active programmable switches on a routing path and formulate the single net routing problem as a node-weighted Steiner minimum tree (NWSMT) problem in a bipartite graph G. Since our single net routing problem is NP-complete, a polynomial time approximate algorithm is proposed. We prove that our single net routing algorithm produces an optimal solution for some special classes of bipartite graphs. In general, the solution obtained by our algorithm bas a performance bound of min{/spl Delta/(V/Z), |Z|-1}. Experimental results for several industrial circuits show a reduction of up to 41% in the number of active programmable switches when compared with corresponding results for the conventional FPGA routing structure.
ApoE genotype-specific inhibition of apoptosis (2003)

Endothelial cell apoptosis can be initiated by withdrawing growth factors or serum, and is inhibited by HDL. Our results show that the total lipoprotein population from apolipoprotein E 4/4 (APOE4/4) sera is less anti-apoptotic than total lipoproteins from other APOE genotypes, as measured by caspase 3/7 activity. Moreover, APOE4/4 VLDL antagonizes the antiapoptotic activity of HDL by a mechanism requiring binding of apoE4 on VLDL particles to an LDL family receptor. This ability of APOE4/4 VLDL to inhibit the antiapoptotic effects of HDL presents a potential mechanism by which the expression of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, is enhanced by the APOE4 genotype.
Language modeling for automatic speech recognition in telehealth (2005)

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.
Electron diffraction study on the two crystalline phases occurring in native cellulose from an algal cell wall (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron diffraction study on the two crystalline phases occurring in native cellulose from an algal cell wallJunji Sugiyama, Roger Vuong, and Henri ChanzyCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 14, 4168–4175Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00014a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00014a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3441Altmetric-Citations625LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Onboard DBF antenna for stratospheric platform (2002)

We are developing a digital beamforming (DBF) antenna in the 20/30 GHz bands that have not been officially allocated yet and are selected as an example. This paper focuses upon the 20/30 GHz band DBF antenna under development. Requirements for the onboard antenna for SPF and the basic characteristics of the DBF antenna are presented.
Microelectrophoresis of bovine spermatozoa. (1959)

The electrokinetic properties of bovine spermatozoa were studied during microelectrophoresis. An apparent direct correlation between increased motility and increased voltage was observed with lower charges. However at potential gradients above 190 volts spermatozoa motility began to decrease and was rendered completely immotile at the 250 volt potential. Immotile sperm migrated only in the direction of the current. No 2-way migration was observed as reported in a previous study. Immotile and low-motility spermatozoa underwent galvanotaxis. Random motility of the greater number of spermatozoa was not affected until the potential reached lethal levels. It is concluded that electrophoretic separation of normal spermatozoa may depend upon electrophoresis galvanotaxis and increased motility of sperm.
Trustworthy E-mail Using Secure XML Web Services (2006)

The potential for e-mail as a legitimate technology for e-commerce has been hampered by the abuse of open e-mail protocols by senders of unsolicited commercial e-mail. In this paper, we introduce a new e-mail protocol, known as the extensible mail protocol (ExMP), that uses XML Web Services to provide a simple but trustworthy server-server transmission capability. The use of ExMP on mail servers does not require modification to client-side software, reducing the impact on end-users. This paper discusses how ExMP implements trustworthy e-mail to enable future e-commerce systems.
A Framework for Protein Classification (2003)

It is widely understood that protein functions can be exhaustively described in terms of no single parameter, whether this be amino acid sequence or the three-dimensional structure of the underlying protein molecule. This means that a number of different attributes must be used to create an ontology of protein functions. Certainly much of the required information is already stored in databases such as Swiss-Prot, Protein Data Bank, SCOP and MIPS. But the latter have been developed for different purposes and the separate data-structures which they employ are not conducive to the needed data integration. When we attempt to classify the entities in the domain of proteins, we find ourselves faced with a number of cross-cutting principles of classification. Our question here is: how can we bring together these separate taxonomies in order to describe protein functions? Our proposed answer is: via a careful top-level ontological analysis of the relevant principles of classification, combined with a new framework for the simultaneous manipulation of classifications constructed for different purposes.
Identification of a new polyphosphoinositide in plants, phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate (PtdIns5P), and its accumulation upon osmotic stress (2001)

Polyphosphoinositides play an important role in membrane trafficking and cell signalling. In plants, two PtdInsP isomers have been described, PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P. Here we report the identification of a third, PtdIns5P. Evidence is based on the conversion of the endogenous PtdInsP pool into PtdIns(4,5)P2 by a specific PtdIns5P 4-OH kinase, and on in vivo32P-labelling studies coupled to HPLC head-group analysis. In Chlamydomonas, 3–8% of the PtdInsP pool was PtdIns5P, 10–15% was PtdIns3P and the rest was PtdIns4P. In seedlings of Vicia faba and suspension-cultured tomato cells, the level of PtdIns5P was about 18%, indicating that PtdIns5P is a general plant lipid that represents a significant proportion of the PtdInsP pool. Activating phospholipase C (PLC) signalling in Chlamydomonas cells with mastoparan increased the turnover of PtdIns(4,5)P2 at the cost of PtdIns4P, but did not affect the level of PtdIns5P. This indicates that PtdIns(4,5)P2 is synthesized from PtdIns4P rather than from PtdIns5P during PLC signalling. However, when cells were subjected to hyperosmotic stress, PtdIns5P levels rapidly increased, suggesting a role in osmotic-stress signalling. The potential pathways of PtdIns5P formation are discussed.
Synthesis of the novel anti-leukaemic tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]benzofuran, rocaglamide (1991)

A total synthesis of the novel anti-leukaemic natural product, rocaglamide, in racemic form, is described, the key step involving an intramolecular keto-aldehyde pinacolic coupling; the synthetic route is short, proceeds from phloroglucinol, a readily-available starting material, and is well suited to the synthesis of analogues.
Cloning and structure-function analysis of the <i>Leishmania donovani</i> kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (1995)

This report describes the complete translated gene sequence, predicted secondary structure and lipid bilayer association of a novel kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP-11) from Leishmania donovani promastigotes. KMP-11 was previously referred to as the lipophosphoglycan-associated protein (LPGAP). The isolation, species distribution and chemical characterization, including a partial protein sequence analysis and post-translational modifications, of this major membrane component have been described [Jardim, Funk, Caprioli and Olafson (1995) Biochem. J. 305, 307-313]. C.d. measurements of KMP-11 indicated a very high helical content estimated to be approximately 86% in trifluoroethanol. This was in agreement with computer-based secondary-structure analyses which predicted KMP-11 to be almost exclusively alpha-helical, with the protein adopting a helix-loop-helix motif. Arrangement of the residues located in the putative helical regions on an Edmundson helical wheel showed that this molecule could have a strongly amphipathic conformation and provided an explanation for how such a highly charged protein might be inserted into the plasma membrane. Evidence in support of KMP-11 association with lipid bilayers was provided by showing that KMP-11 could mediate carboxyfluorescein release from liposomes. These findings suggested that KMP-11 may function in part to increase bilayer pressure, stabilizing molecules such as lipophosphoglycan within the parasite pellicular membrane.
A Local Clustering Algorithm for Massive Graphs and Its Application to Nearly Linear Time Graph Partitioning (2013)

We study the design of local algorithms for massive graphs. A local graph algorithm is one that finds a solution containing or near a given vertex without looking at the whole graph. We present a local clustering algorithm. Our algorithm finds a good cluster---a subset of vertices whose internal connections are significantly richer than its external connections---near a given vertex. The running time of our algorithm, when it finds a nonempty local cluster, is nearly linear in the size of the cluster it outputs. The running time of our algorithm also depends polylogarithmically on the size of the graph and polynomially on the conductance of the cluster it produces. Our clustering algorithm could be a useful primitive for handling massive graphs, such as social networks and web-graphs. As an application of this clustering algorithm, we present a partitioning algorithm that finds an approximate sparsest cut with nearly optimal balance. Our algorithm takes time nearly linear in the number edges of the graph. Using the partitioning algorithm of this paper, we have designed a nearly linear time algorithm for constructing spectral sparsifiers of graphs, which we in turn use in a nearly linear time algorithm for solving linear systems in symmetric, diagonally dominant matrices. The linear system solver also leads to a nearly linear time algorithm for approximating the second-smallest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix of a graph. These other results are presented in two companion papers.
The Bioinorganic chemistry of nickel (1988)

The Coordination Chemistry of Nickel: An Introductory Survey Ni(III) Chemistry and Properties of the Peptide Complexes of Ni(II) and Ni(III) The EPR Spectra of Odd-Electron Nickel Ions in Biological Systems: Theory for d7 and d9 Ions Electronic and Molecular Structure of Biological Nickel as Studied by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Nickel in Biology: Nickel as an Essential Trace Element Biological Transport of Nickel Urease_A Ni(II) Metalloenzyme Nickel in Hydrogenases from Sulfate-Reducing Photosynthetic, and Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria [NiFe] Hydrogenases from Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: Nickel Catalytic and Regulatory Roles Hydrogenases of 'Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum' Strain D-H Methyl-S-Coenzyme M Reductase: A Nickel-Dependent Enzyme Catalyzing the Terminal Redox Step in Methane Biogenesis Structure and Properties of Coenzyme F430 Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase of Acetogens Nickel in CO Dehydrogenase.
Experimental implementation of phase locking in a nonlinear interferometer (2015)

Based upon two cascade four-wave mixing processes in two identical hot rubidium vapor cells, a nonlinear interferometer has been experimentally realized [Jing et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 011110 (2011); Hudelist et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3049 (2014)]. It has a higher degree of phase sensitivity than a traditional linear interferometer and has many potential applications in quantum metrology. Phase locking of the nonlinear interferometer is needed before it can find its way into applications. In this letter, we investigate the experimental implementation of phase locking of the relative phase between the three beams at different frequencies involved in such a nonlinear interferometer. We have utilized two different methods, namely, beat note locking and coherent modulation locking. We find that coherent modulation locking can achieve much better phase stability than beat note locking in our system. Our results pave the way for real applications of a nonlinear interferometer in precision measurement and quantum manipulation, for example, phase control in phase-sensitive N-wave mixing process, N-port nonlinear interferometer and quantum-enhanced real-time phase tracking.