gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Reducing Scan Shift Activity at RTL (2010)

Power dissipation in digital circuits during scan-based test is generally much higher than that during functional operation. Unfortunately, this increased test power can create hot spots that may damage the silicon, the bonding wires, and even the package. It can also cause intensive erosion of conductors-severely decreasing the reliability of a device. Finally, excessive test power may also result in extra yield loss. To address these issues, this paper first presents a detailed investigation of a benchmark circuit's switching activity during different modes of operation. Specifically, the average number of transitions in the combinational logic of a benchmark circuit during scan shift is found to be approximately 2.5 times more than the average number of transitions during the circuit's normal functional operation. A DFT-based approach for reducing circuit switching activity during scan shift is proposed. Instead of inserting additional logic at the gate level that may introduce additional delay on critical paths, the proposed method modifies the design at the register transfer level (RTL) and uses the synthesis tools to automatically deal with timing analysis and optimization. Our experiments show that significant power reduction can be achieved with very low overhead.
Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control: Factors Affecting Its Properties and Applications (2007)

Summary Preformed particle gel (PPG) is a particled superabsorbent crossklinking polymer that can swell up to 200 times its orginal size in brine. The use of PPG as a fluid-diverting agent to control conformance is a novel process designed to overcome some distinct drawbacks inherent in in-situ gelation systems. This paper introduces the effect of gelant compositions and reservoir environments on the two properties of PPG: swollen gel strength and swelling capacity. Results have shown that PPG properties are influenced by gelant compositions, temperature, brine salinity, and pH below 6. Temperature increases PPG swelling capacity but decreases its swollen gel strength. Salinity decreases PPG swelling capacity but increases its swollen gel strength. PPG is thermostable at an elevated temperature of 120°C if a special additive agent is added into its gelant as a composition. PPG is strength- and size-controlled, environmentally friendly, and not sensitive to reservoir minerals and formation water salinity. Two field applications are introduced to illustrate the criteria of well candidate selection and the design and operation process of PPG treatments. Field applications show that PPG treatment is a cost-effective method to correct permeability heterogeneity for the reservoirs with fractures or channels, both of which are widely found in mature waterflooded oil fields.
Standoff concealed weapon detection using a 350-GHz radar imaging system (2010)

The sub-millimeter (sub-mm) wave frequency band from 300 - 1000 GHz is currently being developed for standoff concealed weapon detection imaging applications. This frequency band is of interest due to the unique combination of high resolution and clothing penetration. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is currently developing a 350 GHz, active, wideband, three-dimensional, radar imaging system to evaluate the feasibility of active sub-mm imaging for standoff detection. Standoff concealed weapon and explosive detection is a pressing national and international need for both civilian and military security, as it may allow screening at safer distances than portal screening techniques. PNNL has developed a prototype active wideband 350 GHz radar imaging system based on a wideband, heterodyne, frequency-multiplier-based transceiver system coupled to a quasi-optical focusing system and high-speed rotating conical scanner. This prototype system operates at ranges up to 10+ meters, and can acquire an image in 10 - 20 seconds, which is fast enough to scan cooperative personnel for concealed weapons. The wideband operation of this system provides accurate ranging information, and the images obtained are fully three-dimensional. During the past year, several improvements to the system have been designed and implemented, including increased imaging speed using improved balancing techniques, wider bandwidth, and improved image processing techniques. In this paper, the imaging system is described in detail and numerous imaging results are presented.
Abortifacient activity of some Nigerian medicinal plants (1994)

Abstract The abortifacient effects of five plant species commonly used by Nigerian traditional birth attendants to achieve relatively painless delivery, hasten fetal delivery and evacuate retained placenta were investigated. Aqueous extracts of the plants were prepared and screened pharmacologically using isolated smooth muscle preparations and pregnant animals. The extracts were also subjected to toxicological and phytochemical studies. The extracts contracted isolated uterine smooth muscle preparation and potentiated oxytocin‐induced responses of the uterus. In the whole animal, the extracts caused expulsion of fetuses in the third trimesters of pregnancy. These results appear to justify their traditional uses.
Composing security-aware software (2002)

This article addresses a key issue in security: how to inspire trust by disclosing security properties of software components to others in a component-based software development environment. The authors introduce a component security characterization framework in this endeavor that characterizes security properties by exposing software security profiles to others. The active interface lets software engineers know up front the impact of security properties of a composition's candidate components.
Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation? (2018)

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant and animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting of a uni- or multicellular host and a community of associated microorganisms. Research on host-microbe interactions has become an emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates and invertebrates a complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic and behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute to the development of disease states. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the interactions within a metaorganism are poorly understood and many key interactions between the associated organisms remain unknown. In this perspective article, we outline some of the issues in interspecies interactions and in particular address the question of how metaorganisms react and adapt to inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, the intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, and hydrothermal vents.
<i>Applied Electronics. A First Course in Electronics, Electron Tubes, and Associated Circuits</i> (1954)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Truman S. Gray, Louis Weinberg; Applied Electronics. A First Course in Electronics, Electron Tubes, and Associated Circuits. Physics Today 1 November 1954; 7 (11): 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3061438 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Fast programmable 256K read only memory with on-chip test circuits (1985)

A 32K × 8 bits EPROM, which satisfies all requirements for a high-density EPROM, has been developed. The fast programming time is achieved by introducing a DSA structure into the memory cell. The low power consumption and fast access time are realized by utilizing n-well CMOS peripheral circuits. Various test circuits are implemented to alleviate lengthy screening time. Typical programming time, access time, and power dissipation are 3 µs/byte, 100 ns, and 5 mA, respectively.
Person tracking by integrating optical flow and uniform brightness regions (2002)

This paper describes a method to track a person by integrating two cues, optical flow and uniform brightness regions, where optical flow cannot be obtained. This method works even if tracking with either optical flow or uniform brightness regions may fail. The proposed method has been implemented on a real time image processor with multiple DSPs and successfully tracked a target person using real image sequences.
A New Strategy for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes by Standard-Free, Label-Free LC-MS/MS Quantification of Glycated Peptides (2013)

The early diagnosis of diabetes, one of the top three chronic incurable diseases, is becoming increasingly important. Here, we investigated the applicability of an (18)O-labeling technique for the development of a standard-free, label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rather than attempting to identify quantitative differences in proteins as biomarkers, glycation of the highest abundance protein in human plasma, human serum albumin (HSA), was monitored through quantitative analysis of HSA characteristic peptides using the (18)O-labeling technique. Eight glucose-sensitive peptides and one glucose-insensitive peptide were discovered. The glucose-insensitive peptide served as the internal standard, and a standard-free, label-free LC-MS/MS method was developed. This method was then used to select putative biomarkers for T2DM in a clinical trial with 389 human plasma samples. As a result, three of the eight glucose-sensitive peptides (FKDLGEENFK, LDELRDEGK, and KVPQVSTPTLVEVSR) were selected and could be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of T2DM.
A fuzzy based handwriting extraction technique for handwritten document preprocessing (1996)

In handwritten document image processing, a handwritten document is scanned by a flatbed scanner or camera arrangement. Ideally, we require to retain only the image of the handwriting without the background. Unfortunately, in many cases, background detail is also present in the scanned image. There are several factors contributing to this. One factor is the nature of the paper; it may contain color, pictures or patterns, it may be thin so handwriting on the reverse side shows through. Another factor is the handwriting implement used to produce the handwriting. Other possible factors can be defects of the scanner and improper setting of the scanning parameters. A fuzzy based image enhancement technique to extract just the gray scale handwriting from a handwritten document image is presented. The technique is based on fuzzy if-then rules applied on two-fuzzy sets whose parameters are estimated. The technique has been tried successfully on images of handwriting with bright-colored handwriting media, color paper, very thin paper, and paper with colorful pattern. The technique is particularly useful to the application of document processing that deal with gray level images.
Structure and Electrochemistry of Layered Li[Cr[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−2x/3)]]O[sub 2] (2002)

The solid solution series has been synthesized using a "sol-gel" method and studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical techniques. XRD results are used to infer that these samples are isostructural to except with their transition metal layers composed of We believe the oxidation states of the elements in the transition metal layer are and electrochemical cells were made to study the changes in voltage profiles with composition, x. The cell with delivers a reversible capacity of about 130 mAh/g between 2.0 and 4.35 V vs. Li/Li+. Between 2.0 and 4.8 V, the cell with delivers a reversible capacity of about 230 mAh/g via a partial loss of oxygen during the first charge process. All the samples have very large irreversible capacities during the first cycle. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Oxidation of cellulose: The reaction of cellulose with periodic acid (1942)

An investigation has been made of the mode of attack of cellulose by periodic acid during the early stages of the oxidation (that is, oxidation of approximately 1 percent of tb~ glucose residues). Under these conditions, it is shown that the reaction is confined to oxidation of the secondary hydroxyl groups to aldehyde groups, and results in a rupture in the carbon chain between carbon atoms 2 and 3 of the glucose unit. In accordance with this mechanism it is shown that two moles of aldehyde groups are produced for each mole of oxidant consumed. The aldehyde groups of the periodic acid-oxycellulose can readily be converted to carboxyl groups, titration of which provides an independent check on the content of the former.
A COMPARISON OF SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCORINE AND DIOSCINE (1958)

The alkaloids, dioscorine and dioscine, both obtained from yams, have been compared in respect of their convulsant activity, toxicity, analeptic action, local anaesthetic activity, adrenaline potentiating action, antidiuretic effect, and anti-acetylcholine activity. The alkaloids have similar properties, but in most respects dioscorine was the more potent. Aqueous solutions of dioscine are unstable.
Neural control of tuneable skin iridescence in squid (2012)

Fast dynamic control of skin coloration is rare in the animal kingdom, whether it be pigmentary or structural. Iridescent structural coloration results when nanoscale structures disrupt incident light and selectively reflect specific colours. Unlike animals with fixed iridescent coloration (e.g. butterflies), squid iridophores (i.e. aggregations of iridescent cells in the skin) produce dynamically tuneable structural coloration, as exogenous application of acetylcholine (ACh) changes the colour and brightness output. Previous efforts to stimulate iridophores neurally or to identify the source of endogenous ACh were unsuccessful, leaving researchers to question the activation mechanism. We developed a novel neurophysiological preparation in the squid Doryteuthis pealeii and demonstrated that electrical stimulation of neurons in the skin shifts the spectral peak of the reflected light to shorter wavelengths (greater than 145 nm) and increases the peak reflectance (greater than 245%) of innervated iridophores. We show ACh is released within the iridophore layer and that extensive nerve branching is seen within the iridophore. The dynamic colour shift is significantly faster (17 s) than the peak reflectance increase (32 s), revealing two distinct mechanisms. Responses from a structurally altered preparation indicate that the reflectin protein condensation mechanism explains peak reflectance change, while an undiscovered mechanism causes the fast colour shift.
Dioxin induces a novel nuclear factor, DIF‐3, that is implicated in spermatogenesis (2001)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin), a member of a class of environmental pollutants represented by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, is one of the most toxic artificial compounds ever developed. In this study, we identified a novel TCDD target gene, DIF-3 (dioxin inducible factor-3), by cDNA representational difference analysis. DIF-3 protein is a nuclear factor and possesses a zinc-finger motif at its N-terminus. High DIF-3 mRNA expression in the testes was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and abundant DIF-3 protein was detected during spermatogenesis. Thus, these results suggest that DIF-3 may be a target gene mediating the reproductive toxicity induced by TCDD.
Cystinuria: Effect of D-Penicillamine on Plasma and Urinary Cystine Concentrations (1965)

Administration of penicillamine reduced the concentration of cystine in the plasma and urine of patients with cystinuria; renal clearance of cystine, lysine, and arginine remained unchanged. Cysteine-penicillamine disulfide and penicillamine disulfide were detected in the plasma.
DNA amplification fingerprinting provides evidence that <i>Discula destructiva</i> , the cause of dogwood anthracnose in North America, is an introduced pathogen (1995)

DNA amplification fingerprinting was used to characterize 28 isolates of Discula destructiva and three isolates of an undescribed species of Discula. These filamentous fungi cause anthracnose of various species of dogwood (Cornus). Isolates were obtained from throughout the disease range in the eastern and western United States and western Canada and DNA amplification fingerprinting profiles generated with 10 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Fifty-nine of 302 loci examined were polymorphic between isolates of D. destructiva, whereas a greater number were observed between and among the isolates of Discula species. Relationships among and between the two fungal groups were ascertained using cluster analysis and phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. DNA profiles resulting from pooled (equal amounts) DNA from five isolates of D. destructiva from the eastern United States were compared to profiles from bulked DNA from five and 10 isolates from western United States to discern differences between the two geographical populations. The genome of D. destructiva appears to be highly conserved throughout the range of the disease, whereas isolates of Discula species exhibited greater variability. Profiles of bulked DNA from eastern and western United States were identical indicating very few differences between the populations. The data suggest that D. destructiva was recently introduced into North America.
Thermal conductivity of heavily doped low-pressure chemical vapor deposited polycrystalline silicon films (1988)

The lateral thermal conductivity of heavily doped low-pressure chemical vapor deposited polycrystalline silicon films is measured using polycrystalline silicon microbridges elevated three micrometers above a silicon substrate. The bridges, lightly doped in their central regions and heavily doped elsewhere, are fabricated using a sacrificial silicon-dioxide layer and phosphorus out-diffusion from doped oxide. Voltage-current characteristics measured on the bridges both under high vacuum and in silicone oil are used to calculate lateral thermal conductivity in the polycrystalline silicon. The experimental values for the thermal conductivity of heavily doped polycrystalline silicon range from 0.29 to 0.34 W cm−1 K−1 and average 0.32 W cm−1 K−1. These values agree closely with results obtained by a second method that employs uniformly doped polycrystalline silicon bridges. In the second method, high-vacuum, voltage-current characteristics are measured and the indicated thermal conductivities for two samples are 0.29 and 0.30 W cm−1 K−1, respectively.
Deamination Studies on Pyrimidine and Condensed Pyrimidine Systems<sup>1,2</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeamination Studies on Pyrimidine and Condensed Pyrimidine Systems1,2Richard B. Trattner, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings, and David M. SharefkinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 9, 2674–2677Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01032a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01032a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How costly is brain cancer? Healthcare services use and costs from across the US (2004)

1559 Background: Our research goal was to provide timely estimates of economic burden of brain cancer to the US healthcare system for patients (pts) across the US, and identify primary cost drivers. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of direct costs and healthcare services use in brain cancer pts and controls was conducted using MarketScan™ US employers' claims databases of over 3 million individuals. Cases were pts newly diagnosed with brain cancer in 1999–2000. Controls were individuals without cancer diagnosis and matched 3:1 with cases (97.5% match) on age, gender, healthcare coverage, region (e.g., West), and follow-up length. Utilization of healthcare services and costs were standardized to monthly means. Results: The study consisted of 652 cases and 1,959 controls. 40% of cases had late stage disease. Median age was 56 years for cases and 55 years for controls. Mean follow-up was 10.9 months for both groups. Mean monthly rates of hospitalizations, length of stay, emergency room visits, office visits, outpt radiology and laboratory procedures, and pharmacy-dispensed prescription drugs were all higher for cases than controls (p<0.0001). Cases had a 20 times higher monthly rate of hospitalization than controls (0.2 vs. 0.01). Mean monthly rate of office visits was 5.1 for cases vs. 0.8 for controls. Cases had more mean monthly prescription drugs than controls (3.4 vs. 1.1). Similarly, mean monthly total, inpt and outpt costs of cases were several times higher compared to controls (p<0.0001). Mean monthly total costs were $7,081 for cases and $237 for controls, hospitalizations accounted for $4,502 of the mean monthly total costs for cases and $58 for controls. Mean monthly costs associated with office visits were $1,501 for cases vs. $97 for controls. Conclusions: Pts with brain cancer accrued costs that were 23 times higher than demographically similar population without cancer. Office visits were the most frequent service; inpt costs were drivers of total costs. Despite its small incidence, the burden of brain cancer to the healthcare system is substantial and suggests a need for increased prevention or new therapies to impact resource use and healthcare costs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.