gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections by DNA Microarray (2006)

Bloodstream infections are potentially life-threatening and require rapid identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the causative pathogen in order to facilitate specific antimicrobial therapy. We developed a prototype DNA microarray for the identification and characterization of three important bacteremia-causing species: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The array consisted of 120 species-specific gene probes 200 to 800 bp in length that were amplified from recombinant plasmids. These probes represented genes encoding housekeeping proteins, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance determinants. Evaluation with 42 clinical isolates, 3 reference strains, and 13 positive blood cultures revealed that the DNA microarray was highly specific in identifying S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains and in discriminating them from closely related gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains also known to be etiological agents of bacteremia. We found a nearly perfect correlation between phenotypic antibiotic resistance determined by conventional susceptibility testing and genotypic antibiotic resistance by hybridization to the S. aureus resistance gene probes mecA (oxacillin-methicillin resistance), aacA-aphD (gentamicin resistance), ermA (erythromycin resistance), and blaZ (penicillin resistance) and the E. coli resistance gene probes blaTEM-106 (penicillin resistance) and aacC2 (aminoglycoside resistance). Furthermore, antibiotic resistance and virulence gene probes permitted genotypic discrimination within a species. This novel DNA microarray demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneously identifying and characterizing bacteria in blood cultures without prior amplification of target DNA or preidentification of the pathogen.
An effective algorithm for centerline extraction and length calculation from human metaphase chromosomes (2014)

The study of human metaphase chromosomes is an important feature in diagnosis of genetic disorders. Although many image processing techniques have been developed for chromosomal karyotyping to assist in laboratory diagnosis but they fail to provide reliable results in extracting the centerline of chromosomes due to their shape variability when placed on microscope slides. The technique of arranging the chromosomes according to its length is called karyotyping. The paper proposes an algorithm that uses Discrete Curve Evolution based skeleton pruning and morphological thinning to provide a reliable centerline that is robust to shape variations of the chromosomes. Effective identification of the chromosome outline with its centerline provides a basis for further operations such as homologue chromosome identification, centromere identification etc. Also the length calculation is done by considering the number of white pixels obtained using the thinning algorithm.
A Pathway-Specific Function for Different AMPA Receptor Subunits in Amygdala Long-Term Potentiation and Fear Conditioning (2007)

The AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1 or GluR-A) contributes to amygdala-dependent emotional learning. It remains unclear, however, to what extent different amygdala pathways depend on GluR1, or other AMPA receptor subunits, for proper synaptic transmission and plasticity, and whether GluR1-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) is necessary for auditory and contextual fear conditioning. Here, we dissected the role of GluR1 and GluR3 (GluR-C) subunits in AMPA receptor-dependent amygdala LTP and fear conditioning using knock-out mice (GluR1-/- and GluR3-/-). We found that, whereas LTP at thalamic inputs to lateral amygdala (LA) projection neurons and at glutamatergic synapses in the basal amygdala was completely absent in GluR1-/- mice, both GluR1 and GluR3 contributed to LTP in the cortico-LA pathway. Because both auditory and contextual fear conditioning were selectively impaired in GluR1-/- but not GluR3-/- mice, we conclude that GluR1-dependent synaptic plasticity is the dominant form of LTP underlying the acquisition of auditory and contextual fear conditioning, and that plasticity in distinct amygdala pathways differentially contributes to aversive conditioning.
Structure and Development of Mattirolella crustosa (Termitariales, Deuteromycetes) on Panamanian Termites (1982)

Mattirolella crustosa is a peculiar entomogenous fungus that forms a discoid to hysterecioid pycnidial lesion on termites. Three species of termites, Nasutitermes corniger, N. ephratae, and N. columbicus, from Panamá were found infected with several developmental stages of M. crustosa. Various aspects of primary infection and pycnidial development are discussed, including lesion spread, formation of haustorial mother cells, phialides, and conidia, spore release, and ostiole structure. Mattirolella is morphologically similar to species of Termitaria and Termitariopsis, but differing largely in its chambered, beaked pycnidium.
Live-Animal Tracking of Individual Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Their Niche. (2008)

Stem cells reside in a specialized, regulatory environment termed “niche” that dictates how they generate, maintain, and repair tissues. We have previously documented in living animals that transplanted stem/progenitor populations (HSPC) localize to sub-domains of marrow microvessels, where CXCL12 is particularly abundant. We have now used high-resolution combined confocal and two-photon video imaging of individual hematopoietic cells in the calvarium bone marrow of living animals over time to examine the relationship of stem and progenitor cells to blood vessels, osteoblasts, and endosteal surfaces as they home and engraft. Osteoblasts were enmeshed in microvessels, and relative positioning of stem/progenitor cells within this complex tissue was non-random and dynamic. Both cell autonomous and non-autonomous factors influenced primitive cell localization. Different hematopoietic cell subsets localized to distinct locations according to the stage of differentiation. In settings of engraftment as well as expansion, marrow stem/progenitor cells were in closer proximity to bone and osteoblasts. The hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell niche is both perivascular and periendosteal in trabecular bone with physiologic demand influencing closer positioning of stem cells to bone.
Immunologic consequences of vaccination against abortion in mice. (1985)

CBA/J female mice have a high rate of fetal resorption when mated with DBA/2J males. This fetal wastage can be dramatically reduced by immunizing the female with BALB/cJ but not DBA/2J spleen cells. We report here that immunization with BALB/cJ (but not DBA/2J) spleen cells leads to 1) anti-paternal MHC antibody that is predominantly of the IgG1 isotype, and which disappears from the serum during pregnancy; 2) increased active suppression in both the spleen and placenta; and 3) an ability to adoptively transfer the fetal protection and placental suppression with serum from the immunized mice. Congenic absorption studies before adoptive transfer indicate that the active component of the serum is also directed against the paternal MHC haplotype. These results indicate that maternal humoral immunity can lead to increased fetal protection in correlation with local active suppression in the placenta. They also suggest an expansion of the placental immunoabsorbent hypothesis to include the induction of active suppression against maternal cell-mediated immunity.
Power allocation and scheduling in practical implementations of wireless network coding (2014)

This paper investigates the performance of wireless network coding (NC) schemes for two-way relay channels with periodic transmissions. In particular, we consider a network with two source nodes and a single relay, with the latter broadcasting the XOR-ed version of the received data. Synchronization of transmissions to maximize the power saving periods in sleep mode and the assignment of transmit power values to minimize the total transmit power are examined considering practical constraints in the system. To test the ideas developed in real world environments, a communication protocol is implemented on CrossBow IRIS motes in TinyOS and its performance is characterized using power consumption and packet loss rates.
The effect of polyoxypropylene chain length in nonionic surfactants on their adsorption at the aqueous solution — air interface (1982)

Article The effect of polyoxypropylene chain length in nonionic surfactants on their adsorption at the aqueous solution — air interface was published on September 1, 1982 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 19, issue 5).
Stability, sensitivity and selectivity of tungsten trioxide films for gas sensing applications (2003)

The stability, sensitivity and selectivity of RF sputtered gold doped tungsten trioxide (WO/sub 3/) films that have been proposed as the sensing element in Taguchi and surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas microsensors have been examined. The WO/sub 3/ film sensing properties such as electrical conductivity and carrier type, concentration and mobility were measured using both two and four point probe Hall effect techniques. It was found that in order for the WO/sub 3/ film to be stable, it was necessary to transform the as-deposited films from an amorphous to a polycrystalline structure through a heat treatment or 'activation' process. This activation process also dramatically improved the response time and sensitivity of the films to hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) gas. The authors show that properly prepared and treated gold doped WO/sub 3/ films are extremely stable, sensitive and selective to H/sub 2/S gas in the p.p.b. range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modulation of norepinephrine release by ATP-dependent K+-channel activators and inhibitors in guinea-pig and human isolated right atrium (1999)

Our results indicate that sympathetic nerve endings of the human and guinea-pig atrium are endowed with ATP-sensitive K+ channels. These channels responded to agonists and antagonists under the experimental conditions applied and they could modulate the release of NE thereby affecting the autonomic control of cardiac function under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in 2006 (2006)

There continues to be significant controversy related to diagnostic testing for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Clearly, barium contrast fluoroscopy is superior to any other test in defining the anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. Although fluoroscopy can demonstrate gastroesophageal reflux (GER), this observation does not equate to GERD. Fluoroscopy time should not be prolonged to attempt to demonstrate GER during barium contrast radiography. There are no data to justify prolonging fluoroscopy time to perform provocative maneuvers to demonstrate reflux during barium contrast UGI series. Symptoms of GERD may be associated with physiologic esophageal acid exposure measured by intraesophageal pH monitoring, and a significant percentage of patients with abnormal esophageal acid exposure have no or minimal clinical symptoms of reflux. Abnormal acid exposure defined by pH monitoring over a 24-h period does not equate to GERD. In clinical practice presumptive diagnosis of GERD is reasonably assumed by substantial reduction or elimination of suspected reflux symptoms during therapeutic trial of acid reduction therapy.
Differential Expression of Sodium Channel β Subunits in Dorsal Root Ganglion Sensory Neurons (2012)

The small-diameter (<25 μm) and large-diameter (>30 μm) sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) express distinct combinations of tetrodotoxin sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channels that underlie the unique electrical properties of these neurons. In vivo, these Na(+) channels are formed as complexes of pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of β subunits in DRG sensory neurons. Quantitative single-cell RT-PCR revealed that β subunit mRNA is differentially expressed in small (β(2) and β(3)) and large (β(1) and β(2)) DRG neurons. This raises the possibility that β subunit availability and Na(+) channel composition and functional regulation may differ in these subpopulations of sensory neurons. To further explore these possibilities, we quantitatively compared the mRNA expression of the β subunit with that of Na(v)1.7, a TTX-sensitive Na(+) channel widely expressed in both small and large DRG neurons. Na(v)1.7 and β subunit mRNAs were significantly correlated in small (β(2) and β(3)) and large (β(1) and β(2)) DRG neurons, indicating that these subunits are coexpressed in the same populations. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry indicated that Na(v)1.7 formed stable complexes with the β(1)-β(3) subunits in vivo and that Na(v)1.7 and β(3) co-localized within the plasma membranes of small DRG neurons. Heterologous expression studies showed that β(3) induced a hyperpolarizing shift in Na(v)1.7 activation, whereas β(1) produced a depolarizing shift in inactivation and faster recovery. The data indicate that β(3) and β(1) subunits are preferentially expressed in small and large DRG neurons, respectively, and that these auxiliary subunits differentially regulate the gating properties of Na(v)1.7 channels.
Testing the monster chip (1999)

The market-driven electronics industry never slackens. Thanks to the swift advance of semiconductor technology, companies can and continually do introduce products with more functions, higher reliability, lower costs and at shorter intervals. ICs are considered the foundation of even traditionally nonelectronic products. So cheap are they, and so widely available, that whole industries now live off integrating ever more functions into ever smaller packages, even to creating entire systems-on-a-chip. This paper describes how such chips with 100 million transistors demand a new approach to testing-complementary embedded and external test.
Imperfectness as a useful approach in battery monitoring (2002)

Ability to monitor secondary battery state of health and state of charge has become increasingly important. Earlier methods were entirely based on cell or block voltages. In the case of valve-regulated batteries, information of plain cell or block voltage can no longer be used as a sign of failure due to high normal deviation. Discharging a battery is still the only reliable method by which battery state-of-health and state-of-charge can be verified. This paper describes a practical and simple method, as well as the circuitry used, for a battery monitor. The method is based on measurement and comparison of the voltage differences of series connected battery blocks in a way which reduces the number of measurement channels as well as comparisons. For a typical 24-cell battery string containing four 12 V monoblocks, the measuring channels and comparison needed are three. The monitoring process also contains periodical battery discharges. The discharge interval and time can be chosen to ensure sufficient reliability and availability performance of the battery system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Asymmetry of Image Registration and Its Application to Face Tracking (2007)

Most image registration problems are formulated in an asymmetric fashion. Given a pair of images, one is implicitly or explicitly regarded as a template and warped onto the other to match as well as possible. In this paper, we focus on this seemingly arbitrary choice of the roles and reveal how it may lead to biased warp estimates in the presence of relative scaling. We present a principled way of selecting the template and explain why only the correct asymmetric form, with the potential inclusion of a blurring step, can yield an unbiased estimator. We validate our analysis in the domain of model-based face tracking. We show how the usual Active Appearance Model (AAM) formulation overlooks the asymmetry issue, causing the fitting accuracy to degrade quickly when the observed objects are smaller than their model. We formulate a novel, "resolution-aware fitting" (RAF) algorithm that respects the asymmetry and incorporates an explicit model of the blur caused by the camera's sensing elements into the fitting formulation. We compare the RAF algorithm against a state-of-the-art tracker across a variety of resolutions and AAM complexity levels. Experimental results show that RAF significantly improves the estimation accuracy of both shape and appearance parameters when fitting to low-resolution data. Recognizing and accounting for the asymmetry of image registration leads to tangible accuracy improvements in analyzing low-resolution imagery.
Multichannel crossed-beam thermal lens measurements for absolute absorbance determination with pulsed laser excitation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultichannel crossed-beam thermal lens measurements for absolute absorbance determination with pulsed laser excitationWayne A. Weimer and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 7, 662–665Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00158a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00158a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Injection Molded Short Glass and Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polycarbonate Hybrid Composites: Effects of Fiber Loading (2010)

Hybrid composites of polycarbonate (PC) reinforced with short glass fibers (GF) and short carbon fibers (CF) were prepared by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding techniques. Composites were produced in different ratios of GF and CF by maintaining the total fiber loading at 40 wt%. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural strength, and impact of these composites were investigated. It was noted that an increase in GF content led to a higher strength of the hybrid composites as compared to CF. Morphological analysis by using scanning electron microscope reveals that CF had poor fiber-matrix interactions with PC, which brought about the decrement of stress-transfer efficiency. A poor fiber-matrix interaction is believed to be the main cause of the lower strength enhancement by CF than expected. Heat deflection temperatures of composites increased with the increment of GF content. From dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, high-storage modulus is observed at the temperature below T g . Meanwhile, it was observed that surface and volume electrical resistivity decreased by increasing the CF content owing to its conductivity.
Cardiac syndrome X: a reassuring diagnosis? (2009)

Menopause: January 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 1 - p 13-14 doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31818d8a9d
VIME: Variational Information Maximizing Exploration (2016)

Scalable and effective exploration remains a key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). While there are methods with optimality guarantees in the setting of discrete state and action spaces, these methods cannot be applied in high-dimensional deep RL scenarios. As such, most contemporary RL relies on simple heuristics such as epsilon-greedy exploration or adding Gaussian noise to the controls. This paper introduces Variational Information Maximizing Exploration (VIME), an exploration strategy based on maximization of information gain about the agent's belief of environment dynamics. We propose a practical implementation, using variational inference in Bayesian neural networks which efficiently handles continuous state and action spaces. VIME modifies the MDP reward function, and can be applied with several different underlying RL algorithms. We demonstrate that VIME achieves significantly better performance compared to heuristic exploration methods across a variety of continuous control tasks and algorithms, including tasks with very sparse rewards.
Ursane- and Oleanane-Type Triterpenes from <i>Ternstroemia </i><i>g</i><i>ymnanthera</i> Callus Tissues (2003)

An investigation on the constituents of the callus tissues of Ternstroemia gymnanthera has led to the isolation of five phytosterols, 15 known triterpenoids, and four new triterpenoids (1-4). The new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic study as 3-epi-corosolic acid lactone (2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxyurs-11-en-13 beta,28-olide) (1), 3-epi-ternstroemic acid (2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-11-on-28-oic acid) (2), ternstroemic acid (2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-11-on-28-oic acid) (3), and gymnantheraic acid (2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxy-11 alpha-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid) (4). The isolated triterpenes were compared with those from actinidiaceous plant callus tissues from a chemotaxonomic point of view.
Longitudinal Study of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Developing End-Stage Renal Disease among Aged Medicare Beneficiaries (2007)

Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of renal failure. This study investigated racial differences in developing ESRD by participants' diabetes and hypertension status. This longitudinal study included 1,306,825 Medicare beneficiaries who were aged > or =66 yr at the study start and followed up to 10 yr from January 1, 1993, for the development of ESRD or death. During the 10 yr, 0.93 patients per 100 received ESRD treatment. After adjustment for age and gender, among patients with diabetes, black patients were 2.4 to 2.7 times and other races/ethnicities 1.6 to 1.7 times more likely than white patients to develop ESRD. Among hypertensive patients, black patients were 2.5 to 2.9 and others 1.7 to 1.8 times more likely than white patients to develop ESRD. Among patients with neither diabetes nor hypertension, black patients were 3.5 and others 2.0 times more likely. Black men with diabetes were 1.9 to 2.1 and women 2.5 to 3.4 times more likely than their white counterparts to develop ESRD. Hypertensive black men were 2.1 to 2.2 and women 2.8 to 3.6 times more likely to develop ESRD. The same findings were noted in women of other races/ethnicities. Compared with white counterparts, mortality was higher for black patients in all cohorts but lower among patients with ESRD. Although they are leading causes for renal failure, diabetes and hypertension do not cause racial differences in developing ESRD. Minority women especially are at greater risk for ESRD than white women. Further studies are needed to determine whether earlier initiation of dialysis is a factor in higher ESRD incidence among minorities.