gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mismatch repair deficiency associated with overexpression of the <i>MSH3</i> gene (1998)

We tested the ability of recombinant hMutSalpha (hMSH2/hMSH6) and hMutSbeta (hMSH2/hMSH3) heterodimers to complement the mismatch repair defect of HEC59, a human cancer cell line whose extracts lack all three MutS homologues. Although repair of both base/base mispairs and insertion-deletion loops was restored by hMutSalpha, only the latter substrates were addressed in extracts supplemented with hMutSbeta. hMutSalpha was also able to complement a defect in the repair of base/base mispairs in CHO R and HL60R cell extracts. In these cells, methotrexate-induced amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) locus, which also contains the MSH3 gene, led to an overexpression of MSH3 and thus to a dramatic change in the relative levels of MutSalpha and MutSbeta. As a rule, MSH2 is primarily complexed with MSH6. MutSalpha is thus relatively abundant in mammalian cell extracts, whereas MutSbeta levels are generally low. In contrast, in cells that overexpress MSH3, the available MSH2 protein is sequestered predominantly into MutSbeta. This leads to degradation of the partnerless MSH6 and depletion of MutSalpha. CHO R and HL60R cells therefore lack correction of base/base mispairs, whereas loop repair is maintained by MutSbeta. Consequently, frameshift mutations in CHO R are rare, whereas transitions and transversions are acquired at a rate two orders of magnitude above background. Our data thus support and extend the findings of Drummond et al. [Drummond, J. T., Genschel, J., Wolf, E. & Modrich, P. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10144-10149] and demonstrate that mismatch repair deficiency can arise not only through mutation or transcriptional silencing of a mismatch repair gene, but also as a result of imbalance in the relative amounts of the MSH3 and MSH6 proteins.
[Enhancement of the activity of hepatitis B virus vaccine by association with murabutide]. (1982)

Murabutide (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamine-alpha-butylester), an MDP analogue, is a potential adjuvant for Human immunization. High levels of specific antibodies were obtained in Mouse and Guinea-Pig following administration with murabutide of low dosages of anti-hepatitis B viral vaccine containing the surface antigen (HBs). The effect of murabutide was enhanced without increasing the level of specific IgE by association with suboptimal dosages of aluminium hydroxide.
Photochemical transformations. 14. Photochemical reactions of ketones with some aliphatic ureas (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical transformations. 14. Photochemical reactions of ketones with some aliphatic ureasStanley J. Cristol, Richard P. Evans, and Karl L. LockwoodCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 14, 2378–2379Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00434a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A profile of the non-profit sector in Romania (1997)

Abstract With the revolution of December 1989, citizens of Romania gained the right to form non-profit organisations for the first time in 40 years. Since then, Romania has begun to explore the frontiers of private initiative through the introduction of non-profit, non-governmental organisations as well as profit-making businesses. In this article we review the historical development and legal framework of Romania's emerging non-profit sector. We also provide the first empirical snapshot of that sector by applying the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations (ICNPO) developed by Salamon and Anheier to 499 organisations identified in the Soros Catalogue of Nongovernmental Organizations in Romania: 1991-92. Finally, we speculate on the future development of the Romanian non-profit sector by considering alternative scenarios involving the relationships between indigenous non-profits, international NGOs and the Romanian government.
Intramolecular Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions to Give Substituted Indoles – A Formal Synthesis of Deethylibophyllidine (2007)

Abstract A four‐step route to the tetracyclic ring system found in a number of indole alkaloids is described using stereoselective dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides. The ylides were derived from N ‐protected 2‐butenylindole‐3‐carbaldehydes, which were prepared in three steps from 2‐methylindole. Condensation of these aldehydes with a variety of alkylamino esters or amino acids or with N ‐methylhydroxylamine gave the required azomethine ylides or nitrone that undergo intramolecular cycloaddition onto the pendant, unactivated alkene. The cycloaddition sets up two new rings and up to three new stereocentres stereoselectively. After cycloaddition with N ‐allylglycine, N ‐deallylation provided the N ‐unsubstituted product and this constitutes a formal synthesis of the alkaloid deethylibophyllidine. The cycloaddition chemistry was also shown to be amenable as a route to the alkaloid ibophyllidine or epiibophyllidine, although the use of 2‐(allylamino)butyric acid to prepare the azomethine ylide can favour competing iminium ion isomerisation and hydrolysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
<title>Three-dimensional subband decompositions for hierarchical video coding</title> (1991)

With the introduction of a multitude of video and multimedia services in the context of broadband communication networks, compatibility between various different data compression systems is becoming increasingly important. Significant research efforts have been recently directed towards so-called hierarchical coding schemes that provide compatibility by splitting the source signal into several hierarchical layers. Compatibility is achieved in this way since a receiver selects and decodes only those layers which are relevant for its (fixed resolution) display monitor. In this paper we introduce and investigate two hierarchical spatio-temporal subband decompositions; the so-called ’full’ and ’reduced temporal hierarchy’ decompositions. The former supports progressive-scan video signals only while the latter is capable of handling interlaced signals as well. The better frequency discrimination of the ’full temporal hierarchy' decomposition is expected to lead to higher coding performances for the interlaced signals but has a higher complexity.
Synergic Effects of Randomly Aligned SWCNT Mesh and Self‐Assembled Molecule Layer for High‐Performance, Low‐Bandgap, Polymer Solar Cells with Fast Charge Extraction (2015)

Currently, most of the promising organic solar cells (OSCs) are based on low bandgap polymer donors with deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) levels, which impose the challenges for device architecture design. In terms of fast charge extraction and suppression of bimolecular recombination, elaborate interface design in low bandgap OSCs is of significance to further boost their ultimate efficiency. In this work, a facile solution‐processed functionalized single wall carbon nanotube (f‐SWCNT) mesh/self‐assembled molecule (SAM) hybrid structure is reported as hole transport layer (HTL) in low bandgap OSCs. The effectiveness of such hybrid HTL originates from two aspects: (i) SAM layer can effectively realize Ohmic contact between f‐SWCNT and low bandgap polymer donors with deep‐lying HOMO levels due to the reduction of interface energy barrier; (ii) f‐SWCNT mesh can provide fast hole extraction pathways to quickly sweep out photogenerated charges. As a consequence of synergic effects of such hybrid HTL, both photocurrent and fill factor are greatly enhanced due to the reduced bimolecular recombination. Together with careful light management by using ZnO optical spacer, a high efficiency of 10.5% has been achieved. This work offers an excellent choice for large‐scale processable and effective HTL toward the application in low bandgap OSCs with deep‐lying energy levels.
Synthesis of a self-healing siloxane-based elastomer cross-linked via a furan-modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: investigation of a thermally reversible silicon-based cross-link (2017)

We have successfully prepared an elastomeric material exhibiting excellent temperature-controlled self-healing characteristics.
Towards LarKC: A Platform for Web-Scale Reasoning (2008)

Current semantic Web reasoning systems do not scale to the requirements of their hottest applications, such as analyzing data from millions of mobile devices, dealing with terabytes of scientific data, and content management in enterprises with thousands of knowledge workers. In this paper, we present our plan of building the large knowledge collider, a platform for massive distributed incomplete reasoning that will remove these scalability barriers. This is achieved by (i) enriching the current logic-based semantic Web reasoning methods, (ii) employing cognitively inspired approaches and techniques, and (iii) building a distributed reasoning platform and realizing it both on a high-performance computing cluster and via "computing at home". In this paper, we will discuss how the technologies of LarKC would move beyond the state-of-the-art of Web scale reasoning.
Determination of single-mode fiber coupler design parameters from loss measurements (1985)

A method is presented for determining the minimum spacing between the fiber core centers in a single-mode fiber coupler which consists of two substrate blocks each provided with a fiber fixed in a curved groove. Immersion liquids with known refractive indices are placed on the top surface of one coupler block and the introduced power loss of the light guided within the fiber is measured. By fitting these results to calculated curves the minimum spacing may be determined with an error of less than 0.2 μm.
Differential Activation of IFN Regulatory Factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-5 Transcription Factors during Viral Infection (2006)

Members of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family regulate gene expression critical to immune response, hemopoiesis, and proliferation. Although related by homology at their N-terminal DNA-binding domain, they display individual functional properties. The distinct properties result from differences in regulated expression, response to activating signals, and interaction with DNA regulatory elements. IRF-3 is expressed ubiquitously and is activated by serine phosphorylation in response to viral infection or TLR signaling. Evidence indicates that the kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 and inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-epsilon specifically phosphorylate and thereby activate IRF-3. We evaluated the contribution of another member of the IRF family, IRF-5, during viral infection since prior studies provided varied results. Analysis of phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, dimerization, binding to CREB-binding protein, recognition of DNA, and induction of gene expression were used comparatively with IRF-3 as a measure of IRF-5 activation. IRF-5 was not activated by viral infection; however, expression of TANK-binding kinase 1 or inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-epsilon did provide clear activation of IRF-5. IRF-5 is therefore distinct in its activation profile from IRF-3. However, similar to the biological effects of IRF-3 activation, a constitutively active mutation of IRF-5 promoted apoptosis. The apoptosis was inhibited by expression of Bcl-x(L) but not a dominant-negative mutation of the Fas-associated death domain. These studies support the distinct activation profiles of IRF-3 in comparison to IRF-5, but reveal a potential shared biological effect.
Expression of <scp>MAS</scp>1 in breast cancer (2015)

MAS1 is a receptor for angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7), which is derived from angiotensin II (A-II) by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2. MAS1 induces anti-A-II phenotypes, such as vessel dilation and depression of blood pressure. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the role of MAS1 in 132 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. While benign mammary tissues expressed MAS1 at high levels, MAS1 expression was attenuated in all IDC, especially in scirrhous IDC. The decrease in MAS1 expression was associated with tumor growth, lymph node metastasis, and grade. MAS1 expression was inversely associated with the proliferation index and epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression. Of the 132 cases, 12 (9.1%) were triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. All TNBC cases (the 12 cases and the additional 36 cases using a tissue array) expressed MAS1. Using the TNBC cell lines 4T1 and MDA-MB-468, which expresses MAS1, we found that cell growth, anti-apoptotic survival and invasion were suppressed by MAS1 activation with A1-7 treatment and enhanced by MAS1 knockdown. In contrast, synergic effect was found between tamoxifen and A1-7 in a luminal A breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Combination treatment with cisplatin, an ACE2 activator, and an A-II type 1 receptor blocker showed synergic effects on tumor growth inhibition of 4T1 tumors in a syngeneic mouse model. These findings suggest that MAS1 might act as an inhibitory regulator of breast cancer and may be a possible molecular target for this malignancy.
Simultaneous Removal of SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> in Flue Gas at Power Stations over a Cu/Na-13X Zeolite Catalyst (2013)

Due to their significant impacts on the environment and health, there has been a growing environmental concern on sulfur oxide (SO x ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions to the atmosphere in the past two decades. Flue gas at coal-fired power stations is one of the main sources for the emissions of SO x and NO x . More and more stringent regulations on the emission of these pollutants come in force, which have put a high pressure on coal-fired power generators. Cost-effective and sustainable technologies for the reduction of such pollutants from flue gas have become increasingly important nowadays. However, even though numerous attempts have been made aiming at developing technologies for the removal of SO x and NO x , not much effort has been made on the simultaneous conversion of NO x and SO x in flue gas via selective catalytic reduction. This paper presents the study of simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO over a synthesized Cu/Na-13X zeolite catalyst using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. The characterization of fresh and spent catalysts was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analyser. The experiments on the selective reduction of SO 2 and NO were carried out using a multi-functional catalyst testing rig with an online flue gas analyser. It has been found that zeolite has a good capability of SO 2 adsorption even under elevated temperatures. The removal efficiency was found to be 100% for SO 2 and 89% for NO over a Cu/Na-13X zeolite catalyst.
Rapid Two-Temperature Formalin Fixation (2013)

Formalin fixation is a mainstay of modern histopathologic analysis, yet the practice is poorly standardized and a significant potential source of preanalytical errors. Concerns of workflow and turnaround time drive interest in developing shorter fixation protocols, but rapid protocols can lead to poor histomorphology or inadequate downstream assay results. Additionally, assays such as immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated epitopes have historically been challenging in the context of formalin-fixed tissue, indicating that there may be room for improvement in this process that is fundamental to the practice of anatomic pathology. With these issues in mind, we studied basic formalin biochemistry to develop a novel formalin fixation protocol that involves a pre-incubation in subambient temperature formalin prior to a brief exposure to heated formalin. This new protocol is more rapid than standard protocols yet preserves histomorphology and yields tissue that is compatible with an expanded set of downstream clinical and research assays, including immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated epitopes.
Fabrication and testing of Wolter type-I mirrors for soft x-ray microscopes (2004)

Development of a small Wolter type-I mirror that is mainly used as an objective for the X-ray microscope is described. Small Wolter mirrors for X-ray microscopes are fabricated by the vacuum replication method because of their long aspherical shape. Master mandrel is ground and polished by an ultra-precision NC lathe. Tungsten carbide was selected as a material because its thermal expansion coefficient is a little larger than the replica glass. It was ground by ELID (Electrolytic In-process Dressing) grinding technique that is appropriate for the efficient mirror surface grinding. After ultra-precision grinding, the figure error of master mandrel was better than 0.5μm except the boundary between the hyperboloid and the ellipsoid. Before vacuum replication, the mandrel was coated with Au (thickness 50nm) as the parting layer. Pyrex glass was empirically selected as mirror material. The master mandrel was inserted into the Pyrex glass tube and heated up to 675°C in the electric furnace. Although vacuum replication is a proper technique in terms of its high replication accuracy, the surface roughness characterized by the high spatial frequency of the mandrel was replicated less accurate than the figure error characterized by the low spatial frequency. This indicates that the surface roughness and the figure error depend on the glass surface and the figure error of the master mandrel, respectively. A fabricated mirror was evaluated by the imaging performance with a laser plasma X-ray source (λ=3.2nm).
Combining 3-D Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship with Ligand Based and Structure Based Alignment Procedures for<i>in Silico</i>Screening of New Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors (2010)

The viral NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) is one of the best-studied and promising targets for the development of novel therapeutics against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Allosteric inhibition of this enzyme has emerged as a viable strategy toward blocking replication of viral RNA in cell based systems. Herein, we describe how the combination of a complete computational procedure together with biological studies led to the identification of novel molecular scaffolds, hitherto untested toward NS5B polymerase. Structure based 3-D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were generated employing NS5B non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs), whose bound conformations were readily available from the protein database (PDB). These were grouped into two training sets of structurally diverse NS5B NNIs, based on their binding to the enzyme thumb (15 NNIs) or palm (10 NNIs) domains. Ligand based (LB) and structure based (SB) alignments were rigorously investigated to assess the reliability on the correct molecular alignment for unknown binding mode modeled compounds. Both Surflex and Autodock programs were able to reproduce with minimal errors the experimental binding conformations of 24 experimental NS5B allosteric inhibitors. Eighty-one (thumb) and 223 (palm) modeled compounds taken from literature were LB and SB aligned and used as external validation sets for the development of 3-D QSAR models. Low error of prediction proved the 3-D QSARs to be useful scoring functions for the in silico screening procedure. Finally, the virtual screening of the NCI Diversity Set led to the selection for enzymatic assays of 20 top-scoring molecules for each final model. Among the 40 selected molecules, preliminary data yielded four derivatives exhibiting IC(50) values ranging between 45 and 75 microM. Binding mode analysis of hit compounds within the NS5B polymerase thumb domain showed that one of them, NSC 123526, exhibited a docked conformation which was in good agreement with the thumb training set most active compound (6).
Structure and DNA Binding of the Yeast MAT 2 Homeodomain (1993)

The homeodomain proteins form a superfamily of DNA-binding proteins that play a central role in the regulation of eukaryotic mRNA transcription. First identified as a highly conserved 60-amino-acid domain in Drosophila genes that control embryonic development, the homeodomain motif has since been found in hundreds of proteins from eukaryotes ranging from yeast to man (for review, see Scott et al. 1989; Laughon 1991). Before structural studies of homeodomains had been initiated, amino acid sequence comparisons suggested that the homeodomain contains the helix-turn-helix motif (HTH) found in bacterial repressors (Laughon and Scott 1984; Shepherd et al. 1984). This prediction was borne out by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure determination of the Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain (Qian et al. 1989), which showed the motif to be composed of a compact three-helix domain and an amino-terminal arm. The second and third of the homeodomain helices adopt a fold highly similar to that...
RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ULTRA‐HIGH TEMPERATURE STEAM INJECTED DAIRY PRODUCTS ON AGING<sup>1</sup> (1980)

ABSTRACT Milk (0.5, 3.25, and 10.5% fat) was processed in an ultra‐hightemperature steam injection system. Process time‐temperature relationships included 138, 143, and 149°C for 20.3s; 143 and 149°C for 6.9 s; and 149°C for 3.4 s. Product from each run was stored at 4, 24, and 40°C Using four commercial viscometer assemblies the flow behavior constants of the power‐law equation were determined for each treatment through 60 weeks of storage. Regression analysis of the calculated power law constants resulted in a graphical summary of the history of flow properties for each treatment. Age‐thickening (gelation) was found to be associated with process residence time, storage temperature, storage time, and fat level. Process temperature was not a significant factor. The shorter the residence time the faster gelation occurred. The earlier a sample gelled the faster its rate of gelation. For a given residence time, gelation developed first in samples of low percent fat and progressed through higher fat contents. A gelation prediction nomograph based on fat level, residence time, and storage time is presented for a 24°C storage temperature.