gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Laboratory Study Investigating Methods for Improving Oil Recovery in Carbonates (2005)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that waterflood recovery is dependent on the composition of injection brine in clastic reservoirs. Some researchers have also shown that oil recovery from carbonates is dependent on the ionic composition of the injection water. These studies have however been generated at laboratory conditions which are not representative of the reservoir, and therefore it is uncertain whether these IOR benefits are applicable to actual reservoir waterflood oil recovery. A reservoir condition coreflood study was therefore performed on core from a North Sea carbonate field (Valhall) to determine whether the recovery benefits seen in reduced condition experiments, were also obtained from full reservoir condition tests, using live crude oil and brine. In these reservoir condition tests, two reservoir core plugs were selected from the same reservoir layer and were similar in reservoir properties so that comparisons could be drawn between the experiments. Samples were prepared to give initial water saturations which were uniformly distributed and volumetrically matched to the height above the oil water contact of the samples in the reservoirs. The initial water saturation composition was based upon the simulated formation brine composition of the field. The plugs were then aged in live crude oil to restore wettability. Imbibition capillary pressure tests were then performed at full reservoir conditions, with live oil and brine, using the semi dynamic method. The first experiment utilised a simulated formation water and the second test utilised a simulated sea water, respectively, as the displacing water. The resultant data showed that the sea water used in the capillary pressure test modified the wettability of the carbonate system, changing the wettability of the rock to a more water wet state. This was indicated by comparing the saturation change in the spontaneous imbibition phase of the test between simulated formation and sea waters.
THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ON THE CLEAVAGE OF OXYGEN-OXYGEN BONDS. (1963)

Abstract : The importance of bridging to suitable neighboring groups in the transition states of reactions leading to free radicals has been demonstrated by kinetic studies on several systems. Accelerations of O-O bond cleavage by a factor of as much as 10 to the 5th power has been observed in favorable cases when sulfide sulfur is the neighboring group. Oxygen-18 tracer techniques have been used to extend the concept to include the postulation of a bridged intermediate radical in one case.
Effect of charge localization on the <i>in vivo</i> optical imaging properties of near-infrared cyanine dye/monoclonal antibody conjugates (2016)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores show superior in vivo imaging properties than visible-light fluorophores because of the increased light penetration in tissue and lower autofluorescence of these wavelengths. We have recently reported that new NIR cyanine dyes containing a novel C4'-O-alkyl linker exhibit greater chemical stability and excellent optical properties relative to existing C4'-O-aryl variants. In this study, we synthesized two NIR cyanine dyes with the same core structure and charge but different indolenine substituents: FNIR-Z-759 bearing a combination of two sulfonates and two quaternary ammonium cations, and FNIR-G-765 bearing a combination of two sulfonates and two guanidines, resulting in zwitterionic charge with distinct cationic moieties. In this study, we compare the in vitro and in vivo optical imaging properties of monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugates of FNIR-Z-759 and FNIR-G-765 with panitumumab (pan) at antibody-to-dye ratios of 1 : 2 or 1 : 5. One-to-five conjugation of pan-to-FNIR-G-765 was not successful due to aggregate formation during the conjugation reaction. Conjugates of both dyes to pan (2 : 1) demonstrated similar quenching capacity, stability, and brightness in target cells in vitro. However, FNIR-Z-759 conjugates showed significantly lower accumulation in the mouse liver, resulting in higher tumor-to-liver ratio. Thus, FNIR-Z-759 conjugates appear to have superior in vivo imaging characteristics compared with FNIR-G-765 conjugates, especially in the abdominal region. Moreover, from a chemistry point of view, mAb conjugation with FNIR-Z-759 has an advantage over FNIR-G-765, because it does not form aggregates at high dye-to-mAb ratio. These results suggest that zwitterionic cyanine dyes are a superior class of fluorophores for conjugating with mAbs for fluorescence imaging applications due to improving target-to-background contrast in vivo. However, zwitterionic cyanine dyes should be designed carefully, as small changes to the structure can alter in vivo pharmacokinetics of mAb-dye conjugates.
Tolerization of Anti–Galα1-3Gal Natural Antibody–forming B Cells by Induction of Mixed Chimerism (1998)

Xenotransplantation could overcome the severe shortage of allogeneic organs, a major factor limiting organ transplantation. Unfortunately, transplantation of organs from pigs, the most suitable potential donor species, results in hyperacute rejection in primate recipients, due to the presence of anti-Galalpha1-3Gal (Gal) natural antibodies (NAbs) in their sera. We evaluated the ability to tolerize anti-Gal NAb-producing B cells in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT KO) mice using bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from GalT+/+ wild-type (WT) mice. Lasting mixed chimerism was achieved in KO mice by cotransplantation of GalT KO and WT marrow after lethal irradiation. The levels of anti-Gal NAb in sera of mixed chimeras were reduced markedly 2 wk after BMT, and became undetectable at later time points. Immunization with Gal+/+ xenogeneic cells failed to stimulate anti-Gal antibody production in mixed chimeras, whereas the production of non-Gal-specific antixenoantigen antibodies was stimulated. An absence of anti-Gal-producing B cells was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunospot assays in mixed KO + WT --> KO chimeras. Thus, mixed chimerism efficiently induces anti-Gal-specific B cell tolerance in addition to T cell tolerance, providing a single approach to overcoming both the humoral and the cellular immune barriers to discordant xenotransplantation.
The first order absolute moment in low-level image processing (2002)

The first order absolute moment provides a ridge map similar to the one provided by the GoG (gradient of Gaussian) filter. However, unlike the GoG filter, the first order absolute moment provides ridges at both edges and lines and gives rise to local extrema of the ridges at line endings, corners and junctions. Furthermore, a class of filters is obtained by introducing three low-pass filters at three different stages of the original filter. A thresholding procedure and the zero-crossing maps of an equivalent LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) filter are obtained by combining the recovered edge information.
Esterification of polymeric carboxylic acids (1976)

Abstract Polymers containing pendant carboxyl groups have been essentially completely esterified with little apparent change in molecular weight by the use of one of the following reagents: (1) trialkyl orthoesters, (2) dimethylformamide dialkyl acetals, (3) tertiary amines followed by alkyl halides, (4) quaternary ammonium hydroxide followed by alkyl halides. The use of some of these methods permits preparation of certain polymers that were previously not readily accessible.
Manganese Peroxidase and Its Role in the Degradation of Wood Lignin (2003)

White-rot wood-rotting and litter-decomposing fungi produce lignin-degrading enzymes the most common of which are lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase. According to literature and our own results, MnP and laccase are common ligninolytic enzymes whereas LiP is less common. Molecular properties of MnPs produced by several fungi are well known. MnP oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III), which in chelated form is a powerful oxidizing system, and when amended with unsaturated lipids is also able to mineralize up to 16 % of 14C-labelled synthetic lignin to 14CO2 . The results obtained until now indicate that the mineralization of lignin may occur outside the fungal cell wall. This points to the key role of MnP in lignin degradation. MnP in a mixture of Tween 80, Mn2+, Mn-chelating organic acid and hydrogen peroxide generating system resulted both in depolymerization of milled pine wood, and polymerization of the insoluble part of pine wood, but depolymerization was the most prominent reaction. Many suitable fungi for biopulping produce MnP whereas the production of LiP does not seem to be necessary in this application. The role of laccase is unclear. However, selective lignin degradation and efficiency in biopulping require a proper balance between lignin and cellulose degradation, and therefore also thorough studies to clarify the significance of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation in lignin-selective fungi are needed.
<i>SRD5A2</i>and<i>HSD3B2</i>polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness (2007)

In Caucasians, the HSD3B2 (TG)n,(TA)n,(CA)n intron 3 length polymorphism is associated with both prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness and the SRD5A2 V89L polymorphism may modify the risk conferred by this polymorphism.
Electro-Optic Modulation of Light Propagating near the Optic Axis in LiNbO_3 (1969)

The passive and the electrically induced birefringences and retardations in LiNbO3 crystals have been calculated for all directions of propagation near the optic axis and for a field direction in the x–y plane. In two special directions, parallel to the induced orthorhombic principal axes, the passive and induced retardations are exactly additive. In other directions the retardation is not a linear function of the field. By rotation about these axes, any desired degree of optical biasing may be obtained without degradation of the electro-optic modulation. Experiments with rotation for a quarter-wave bias have shown that useful modulation may be achieved without compensator waveplates.
Homogeneous polymer blend microparticles with a tunable refractive index (1999)

We show that homogeneous polymer blend microparticles can be prepared in situ from droplets of dilute solution of codissolved polymers. Provided that the droplet of solution is small enough (<10 mum), solvent evaporation is rapid enough to inhibit phase separation. Thus the polymers that are being mixed need not be miscible, which greatly enhances the applicability of the technique. From analysis of two-dimensional Fraunhofer diffraction (angular scattering) patterns, we show that both the real and the imaginary parts of the refractive index can be tuned by adjustment of the relative weight fractions of polymers in solution.
Cross‐reactive recognition of human and primate cytomegalovirus sequences by human CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for glycoprotein B and H (2004)

Although the importance of CD4+ T cell responses to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has recently been recognized in transplant and immunosuppressed patients, the precise specificity and nature of this response has remained largely unresolved. In the present study we have isolated CD4+ CTL which recognize epitopes from HCMV glycoproteins gB and gH in association with two different HLA-DR antigens, DRA1*0101/DRB1*0701 (DR7) and DRA1*0101/DRB1*1101 (DR11). Comparison of amino acid sequences of HCMV isolates revealed that the gB and gH epitope sequences recognized by human CD4+ T cells were not only conserved in clinical isolates from HCMV but also in CMV isolates from higher primates (chimpanzee, rhesus and baboon). Interestingly, these epitope sequences from chimpanzee, rhesus and baboon CMV are efficiently recognized by human CD4+ CTL. More importantly, we show that gB-specific T cells from humans can also efficiently lyse peptide-sensitized Patr-DR7+ cells from chimpanzees. These findings suggest that conserved gB and gH epitopes should be considered while designing a prophylactic vaccine against HCMV. In addition, they also provide a functional basis for the conservation of MHC class II lineages between humans and Old World primates and open the possibility for the use of such primate models in vaccine development against HCMV.
ETBE Synthesis via Reactive Distillation. 1. Steady-State Simulation and Design Aspects (1997)

Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is an alternative gasoline oxygenate that combines the blending properties of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the renewability of ethanol. Technologically, the best means of synthesis utilizes reactive (or catalytic) distillation to maximize hydrocarbon conversion and energy efficiency while simultaneously producing a high-purity ether product. Mathematical models of reactive distillation are based on the conventional distillation process with supplementary equations added to model the reactions present. Ether−alkene−alcohol systems are highly nonideal in the liquid phase so that careful selection of physical property routines is required to ensure satisfactory simulation results. Column simulations performed here using both Pro/II and SpeedUp show excellent agreement with previously published experimental data for a MTBE system and also agree well with each other for both MTBE and ETBE systems. A homotopy analysis was performed on the tuned simulation models to determine the effects of key design and operating variables on column performance and, subsequently, to develop a design method for reactive distillation columns. Some unusual behavior was identified in ETBE reactive distillation columns compared with either MTBE columns or conventional distillation.
Thermal Tracking-A Rational Approach to Motor Protection (1974)

Motors of modern design have less tolerance to overloads than their predecessors. In addition, present-day applications tend to utilize the maximum capability of motors. Induction -motor stator insulation or rotor bars may be severely damaged by over temperature due to repeated starts, locked rotors, cyclic loads and other conditions for which existing overload devices do not provide adequate protection.
TAKE-OVER BIDS AND THE SYSTEM OF SELF-REGULATION (1981)

TAKE-OVER BIDS AND THE SYSTEM OF SELF-REGULATION Get access D. D. PRENTICE D. D. PRENTICE **Fellow of Pembroke CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 1, Issue 3, winter 1981, Pages 406–412, https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/1.3.406 Published: 01 December 1981
CpG stimulation of precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces a distinct change in costimulatory molecule expression and shifts allogeneic T cells toward a Th1 response (2005)

Immunostimulatory DNA containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) induces the development of T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. The response of B cells to CpG stimulation involves increased proliferation, cytokine production, and costimulatory molecule expression. Similar effects have been observed following CpG stimulation of a variety of malignant B cells. Pediatric precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells express low levels of costimulatory molecules and are generally poor stimulators of T-cell responses. In this study, we evaluated the impact of CpG stimulation on precursor B-ALL cell lines and pediatric patient-derived samples. The ability to respond to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was determined by the level of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression. In contrast to both nonleukemic B-cell precursors and mature B cells, the response of precursor B-ALL cells was characterized by increased CD40 expression but only small changes in CD86 levels and no induction of CD80 expression. CpG stimulation of ALL blasts produced increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 but no detectable IL-12p70 and led to a skewing of allogeneic T cells, with enhanced interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production and reduced secretion of IL-5. These results demonstrate the functional relevance of CpG stimulation of precursor B-ALL cells and provide a rational basis for study of these agents for use in treatment of this disease.
Differential induction profile of drug-metabolizing enzymes after treatment with hypolipidaemic agents (1987)

Various hypolipidaemic agents differentially induced microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. Clofibrate, clofibric acid, fenofibric acid and dulofibrate, which are mainly hypotriglyceridaemic, increased the content in cytochromes P-450 (77-185% over control), and especially cytochrome P-452-dependent lauric acid 12-hydroxylation (5.6- to 8.4-fold increase). Bilirubin glucuronidation was 2.1- to 2.8-fold stimulated; epoxide hydrolase activity (benzo(a)pyrene-oxide) was only slightly increased by the drugs. By contrast, F1379, which lowers plasma cholesterol only, did not change cytochromes P-450 content and slightly affected the 12-hydroxylation of lauric acid. It dramatically enhanced the epoxide hydrolase activity (7.6-fold), and increased (200%) the glucuronidation of planar group I substrates (4-nitrophenol, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol). These effects were accompanied by a highly positive staining of gamma-glutamyltransferase in the liver characterized by a great number of intensively coloured foci in the periportal and perilobular area of the tissue. Treatment of rats for three weeks with F1379 did not modify this typical profile in enzyme induction. Such continuous effect could reveal some biochemical changes of hepatocytes with important toxicological relevance. Compared to the parent compound, treatment of rats with two metabolites of F1379 led to a decrease in the induction potency on epoxide hydrolase and on the forms I of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; by contrast, the content in cytochromes P-450 was increased.
Ribosome-induced changes in elongation factor Tu conformation control GTP hydrolysis (2009)

In translation, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) molecules deliver aminoacyl-tRNAs to the mRNA-programmed ribosome. The GTPase activity of EF-Tu is triggered by ribosome-induced conformational changes of the factor that play a pivotal role in the selection of the cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs. We present a 6.7-A cryo-electron microscopy map of the aminoacyl-tRNA x EF-Tu x GDP x kirromycin-bound Escherichia coli ribosome, together with an atomic model of the complex obtained through molecular dynamics flexible fitting. The model reveals the conformational changes in the conserved GTPase switch regions of EF-Tu that trigger hydrolysis of GTP, along with key interactions, including those between the sarcin-ricin loop and the P loop of EF-Tu, and between the effector loop of EF-Tu and a conserved region of the 16S rRNA. Our data suggest that GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu is controlled through a hydrophobic gate mechanism.
Determinación del sexo en cráneo y mandíbula en una muestra contemporánea de Medellín (2005)

ABSTRACT: The present study compared different estimates of sexual dimorphism on a sample of 21 metric dimensions of skull an jaw, in a contemporary sample of skeletons from Medellín. Sexual dimorphism studied by the Student t-test afforded a slightly high number of dimorphic dimensions when compared with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for two independent samples. However, t-test showed similar results to the F-test (One way ANOVA) applied\nby Rosique et al. (2004) in a previous article. MDI (Mean Distance Index) calculation yielded values higher tan 5% in those dimensions diagnosed as highly dimorphic by all the statistical test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, for two samples, was recomended when variables depart from normality. Both, univariate analysis and discriminant\nanalysis showed the mandible had a higher diagnostic power with respect to the cranium. MDI calculation showed less sexual dimorphism in the present sample with respect to a contemporary sample from Bogotá studied by Rodríguez Cuenca (2002).
IN-DATABASE RASTER ANALYTICS: MAP ALGEBRA AND PARALLEL PROCESSING IN ORACLE SPATIAL GEORASTER (2012)

Abstract. Over the past decade several products have been using enterprise database technology to store and manage geospatial imagery and raster data inside RDBMS, which in turn provides the best manageability and security. With the data volume growing exponentially, real-time or near real-time processing and analysis of such big data becomes more challenging. Oracle Spatial GeoRaster, different from most other products, takes the enterprise database-centric approach for both data management and data processing. This paper describes one of the central components of this database-centric approach: the processing engine built completely inside the database. Part of this processing engine is raster algebra, which we call the In-database Raster Analytics. This paper discusses the three key characteristics of this in-database analytics engine and the benefits. First, it moves the data processing closer to the data instead of moving the data to the processing, which helps achieve greater performance by overcoming the bottleneck of computer networks. Second, we designed and implemented a new raster algebra expression language. This language is based on PL/SQL and is currently focused on the "local" function type of map algebra. This language includes general arithmetic, logical and relational operators and any combination of them, which dramatically improves the analytical capability of the GeoRaster database. The third feature is the implementation of parallel processing of such operations to further improve performance. This paper also presents some sample use cases. The testing results demonstrate that this in-database approach for raster analytics can effectively help solve the biggest performance challenges we are facing today with big raster and image data.
Curcumin Stimulates the Antioxidant Mechanisms in Mouse Skin Exposed to Fractionated γ-Irradiation (2015)

Fractionated irradiation is one of the important radiotherapy regimens to treat different types of neoplasia. Despite of the immense therapeutic gains accrued by delivering fractionated irradiation to tumors, the radiation burden on skin increases significantly. Low doses of irradiation to skin adversely affect its molecular and metabolic status. The use of antioxidant/s may help to alleviate the radiation-induced changes in the skin and allow delivering a higher dose of radiation to attain better therapeutic gains. Curcumin is an antioxidant and a free radical scavenging dietary supplement, commonly used as a flavoring agent in curries. Therefore, the effect of 100 mg/kg body weight curcumin was studied on the antioxidant status of mice skin exposed to a total dose of 10, 20 and 40 Gy γ-radiation below the rib cage delivered as a single fraction of 2 Gy per day for 5, 10 or 20 days. Skin biopsies from both the curcumin treated or untreated irradiated groups were collected for the biochemical estimations at various post-irradiation times. The irradiation of animals caused a dose dependent decline in the glutathione concentration, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and increased the lipid peroxidation in the irradiated skin. Curcumin treatment before irradiation resulted in a significant rise in the glutathione concentration and activities of both the glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in mouse skin, whereas lipid peroxidation declined significantly. The present study indicates that curcumin treatment increased the antioxidant status of mouse exposed to different doses of fractionated γ-radiation.