gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault tolerance for multi-threaded applications by leveraging hardware transactional memory (2013)

Providing fault tolerance especially to mission critical applications in order to detect transient and permanent faults and to recover from them is one of the main necessity for processor designers. However, fault tolerance for multi-threaded applications presents high performance degradations due to comparing the results of the instruction streams, checkpointing the entire system and recovering from the detected errors to an agreed state. In this study, we present FaulTM-multi, a fault tolerance scheme for multi threaded applications running on transactional memory hardware which reduces these performance degradations. FaulTM-multi decreases the performance degradation of lockstepping, a conventional fault detection scheme, from 23% and 9% to 10% and 2% for lock-based parallel and TM applications respectively. Also, FaulTM-multi creates 28% less checkpoints compared to Rebound, the state of the art checkpointing scheme.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cellulose Fibers at Ambient Temperature (2002)

Cellulose fibers have been successfully grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) using atom transfer radical polymerization, mediated by Me6-TREN and Cu(I)Br at ambient temperature. The initially hydrophilic cellulose was first modified by reacting the hydrozyl groups with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide whereupon methyl acrylate was grafted from the surface. The resulting polymer-grafted papers were extremely hydrophobic, thetaa = 133 degrees . FT-IR analysis indicates that the amount of grafted polymer can be controlled by adding sacrificial initiator to the polymerizing system. Size exclusion chromatography of the bulk polymer revealed narrow polydispersities and a molecular weight corresponding to the ratio [M]:[I].
Issues in the specification and design of parallel programs (1991)

An overview is given of the main specification and design issues for parallel systems of programs from a software engineering perspective. A parallel system design approach based on the Large-Grain Data Flow 2 (LGDF2) computation model is outlined. An assessment of LGDF2 as the basis for unified specification, design, and implementation of parallel programs is given, along with a brief assessment of its potential impact on parallel software development and software project management. >
Liposomal gel with chloramphenicol: characterisation and in vitro release. (2004)

The aim of our study was to develop a liposomal carrier system for the local treatment of bacterial vaginosis, capable to efficiently deliver entrapped drug during an extended period of time. Chloramphenicol was entrapped in liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine/egg phosphatidylgycerol-sodium (9:1, molar ratio) and prepared by two different methods, the proliposome method and the polyol dilution method. Both liposome preparations were characterised and compared for particle size, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency and tested for in vitro stability in media that simulate human vaginal conditions (buffer pH 4.5 and vaginal fluid simulant). To achieve application viscosity of liposomes and to further improve their stability, liposomes prepared by the proliposome method were incorporated in the bioadhesive gel made of Carbopol 974P NF resin. In vitro release studies of liposomes incorporated in the gel have shown a prolonged release of entrapped chloramphenicol compared to control gel. Even after 24 hours of incubation in the vaginal fluid simulant, more than 40% of the originally entrapped drug was still retained in the gel. Storage stability studies have proven the ability of the Carbopol 974P NF gel to preserve the original size distribution of incorporated liposomes. All the performed experiments confirm the applicability of liposomes as a novel drug carrier system for the local treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
A current boosting full-flash A/D converter (2003)

The authors propose a novel technique to reduce power consumption of a full-flash A/D (analog-to-digital) converter. The range of an input signal is determined by a range finder circuit which the authors propose. Using the information from range finders, only the selected group of comparators will be activated while the others are in an idle state. SPICE simulations show the same conversion speed as the conventional full-flash A/D converter, while total power consumption is significantly reduced in the proposed architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of Apoptosis of Cytokine-Producing Bladder Cancer Cells by Adenovirus-Mediated I kappa B alpha Overexpression (1999)

We investigated whether the cell growth and apoptosis of multiple cytokine-producing bladder cancer cells can be regulated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). The bladder cancer cell line KU-19-19, obtained from a 76-year-old man who demonstrated marked leukocytosis, produces multiple cytokines and demonstrates autocrine growth by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that NF-kappaB was activated in KU-19-19 but not in other bladder cancer cell lines (KU-1, KU-7, or T-24, respectively). The inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity with adenovirus vectors expressing the stable form of the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha (multiplicity of infection [MOI] of 10) inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of KU-19-19, but not KU-1, KU-7, or T-24. The production of several cytokines was suppressed significantly in KU-19-19 by this gene delivery. Although dexamethasone (10 microM) could also suppress cytokine production, it did not induce dramatic cell death in KU-19-19 because it could not inhibit NF-kappaB activation stably and strongly. These results suggest that NF-kappaB activation maintains the cell viability as well as regulates cytokine production in cytokine-producing cancer cells and therefore these in vitro experiments support a rationale for preclinical in vivo studies to demonstrate growth inhibition in established tumors.
Improved design decision-making using small group value engineering gaming/simulation. (1992)

This exploratory research investigates design decision-making in architecture and value engineering and how this decision-making is influenced by group dynamics and gaming/simulation. Its results can be used to enhance the abilities of architects to work effectively in groups and to improve their design decision-making skills in order to better meet today's society needs to design highly complex facilities of greater quality using less resources than ever before. The nature of this research was hypothesis generation. Because of this, a structured observation methodology was utilized to examine the role of value engineering gaming/simulation (G/S) to improve small group performance and result in more effective design decision-making. Four groups of five assisted in this research to gain their reaction and comments to this G/S. They also helped identify the major factors which contribute to improved group performance. Half were selected for their preference to work alone (traditional culture), the other half were selected based on their desire to work in groups (comprehensive culture). These groups were observed to gain a better understanding of how each culture responds to the use of G/S. Three major results are suggested from this research. First, G/S appears to improve small group performance and can result in more effective design decision-making. Participants encouraged further refinement to this approach and that it be applied during the "early stages" for greatest project benefit. Secondly, improved group performance is most significantly influenced by team communication, followed by cohesiveness of the group and leadership. The third finding suggests application of G/S causes a cultural shift from traditional problem-solving in favor of the more comprehensive (team) approach. There also appears to be a cultural shift in favor of "value engineering" by the traditional groups. The ability to quickly generate design alternatives, then test these alternatives, in terms of cost, quality and value using a microcomputer model, was the most significant finding of this research. One of the oldest and largest architectural firms in the United States, Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, is now using this approach to improve its design decision-making.
Multicore Resource Management (2008)

Current resource management mechanisms and policies are inadequate for future multicore systems. Instead, a hardware/software interface based on the virtual private machine abstraction would allow software policies to explicitly manage microarchitecture resources. VPM policies, implemented primarily in software, translate application and system objectives into VPM resource assignments. Then, VPM mechanisms securely multiplex, arbitrate, or distribute hardware resources to satisfy the VPM assignments.
Template-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Sn Nanofibers as High-Performance Anode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries (2014)

Sn nanofibers with a high aspect ratio are successfully synthesized using a simple electrodeposition process from an aqueous solution without the use of templates. The synthetic approach involves the rapid electrochemical deposition of Sn accompanied by the strong adsorption of Triton X-100, which can function as a growth modifier for the Sn crystallites. Triton X-100 is adsorbed on the {200} crystallographic planes of Sn in an elongated configuration and suppressed the preferential growth of Sn along the [100] direction. Consequently, the Sn electrodeposits are forced to grow anisotropically in a direction normal to the (112) or (1̅12) plane, forming one-dimensional nanofibers. As electrode materials for the Na-ion batteries, the Sn nanofibers exhibit a high reversible capacity and an excellent cycle performance; the charge capacity is maintained at 776.26 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles, which corresponds to a retention of 95.09% of the initial charge capacity. The superior electrochemical performance of the Sn nanofibers is mainly attributed to the high mechanical stability of the nanofibers, which originate from highly anisotropic expansion during sodiation and the pore volumes existing between the nanofibers.
Surface Charge Sensitivity of Silicon Nanowires:  Size Dependence (2007)

Silicon nanowires of different widths were fabricated in silicon on insulator (SOI) material using conventional process technology combined with electron-beam lithography. The aim was to analyze the size dependence of the sensitivity of such nanowires for biomolecule detection and for other sensor applications. Results from electrical characterization of the nanowires show a threshold voltage increasing with decreasing width. When immersed in an acidic buffer solution, smaller nanowires exhibit large conductance changes while larger wires remain unaffected. This behavior is also reflected in detected threshold shifts between buffer solutions of different pH, and we find that nanowires of width >150 nm are virtually insensitive to the buffer pH. The increased sensitivity for smaller sizes is ascribed to the larger surface/volume ratio for smaller wires exposing the channel to a more effective control by the local environment, similar to a surrounded gate transistor structure. Computer simulations confirm this behavior and show that sensing can be extended even down to the single charge level.
Thin film reaction of transition metals with germanium (2006)

A systematic study of the thermally induced reaction of 20 transition metals (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu) with Ge substrates was carried out in order to identify appropriate contact materials in Ge-based microelectronic circuits. Thin metal films, nominally 30nm thick, were sputter deposited on both amorphous Ge and crystalline Ge(001). Metal-Ge reactions were monitored in situ during ramp anneals at 3°Cs−1 in an atmosphere of purified He using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, diffuse light scattering, and resistance measurements. These analyses allowed the determination of the phase formation sequence for each metal-Ge system and the identification of the most promising candidates—in terms of sheet resistance and surface roughness—for their use as first level interconnections in microelectronic circuits. A first group of metals (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta) reacted with Ge only at temperatures well above 450°C and was prone to oxidation. Another set (Cr, Mo, Mn, Re, Rh, Ru, and Ir) did not form low resistivity phases (&lt;130μΩcm) whereas no reaction was observed in the case of W even after annealing at up to 1000°C. We found that Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu were the most interesting candidates for microelectronic applications as they reacted at relatively low temperatures (150–360°C) to form low resistivity phases (22–129μΩcm). Among those, two monogermanides, NiGe and PdGe, exhibited the lowest resistivity values (22–30μΩcm) and were stable over the widest temperature window during ramp anneals. In passing, we note that Cu, Ni, and Pd were the most effective in lowering the crystallization temperature of amorphous Ge, by up to 290°C for our typical ramp anneals at 3°Cs−1.
Multiple Description Video Communications in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Keywords: Cross-layer design, genetic algorithms, multipath routing, multiple description video, server diversity, video multicast, wireless ad hoc networks
Solid‐phase synthesis, conformational analysis and <i>in vitro</i> cleavage of synthetic human synaptobrevin II 1–93 by tetanus toxin L chain (1994)

A 93-residue peptide corresponding to the cytosolic domain of a human vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP or synaptobrevin) has been prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis in order to investigate the proteolytic activity of the tetanus toxin light chain (TeTx L chain). This protein has been recently reported to inactivate the neuronal rat synaptobrevin II by proteolysis. We show in this study that the synthetic human synaptobrevin II 1-93 (Syb II 1-93) as well as an N-terminus-shortened 69-residue peptide (Syb II 25-93) were cleaved selectively at the Gln76-Phe77 peptide bond by TeTx L chain while shorter peptides were not. A Michaelis constant Km = 192 +/- 2 microM and a catalytic constant kcat = 0.5 min-1 were found for the 93-residue peptide. A neutral optimum pH for the cleavage rate, an inhibition by preincubation of the toxin with well known nonspecific inhibitors of metallopeptidases as well as a zinc-dependent enzyme activity suggest that TeTx belongs to the zinc endopeptidase family. Moreover an activation by reducing agents and an inhibition by cysteine-modifying chemical reagents indicate a critical thiol dependency. Among several specific inhibitors of zinc endopeptidases tested, none could inhibit TeTx L chain even at high concentration. Structural studies by 600-MHz 1H-NMR showed that in water or dimethylsulfoxide the peptide Syb II 1-93 and shorter fragments did not present well defined conformations. Nevertheless protein-protein interactions have been shown for the peptides Syb II 1-93 and 25-93 but not for Syb II 51-93, a fragment not cleaved by TeTx L chain.
Developing a Systemic Understanding of Information Systems in Emerging IT Professionals using an Enterprise Architecture Approach (2004)

This paper discusses the design of an introductory unit in a Master of Information Technology program that seeks to develop in the student a deeper understanding of the systemic effects of ICT in organisations.Participating students are converting from another discipline to IT. Graduates tend to become IT managers, consultants or project leaders.This paper discusses how using an Enterprise Architecture framework approach provides students with an integrated view of the complexity and diversity of ICT theory and a vehicle for understanding the socio-technical interdependences occurring in twenty-first century organisations.
HIV infection of monocytic cells (1989)

We investigated whether human immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed to gp110 may serve as an attachment system to Fc-gamma receptors (Fc-gamma R), allowing eventual infection of cells of the macrophage lineage. An anti-HIV IgG preparation that prevented viral particles and soluble recombinant radiolabelled envelope precursor gp160 from binding to CD4 on CEM lymphoid cells, and that strongly inhibited infection of these cells by HIV, was selected. In contrast, anti-HIV IgG, whether or not previously complexed to viral particles, bound to monocytic U937 cells that express both high Fc-gamma RI and low affinity Fc-gamma RII receptors. Precoating these cells with anti-HIV IgG or complexing the antibodies with soluble 125I-gp160 resulted in increased fixation of gp160 to the cells, which was inhibited by aggregated human normal IgG. These data indicate that anti-HIV IgG-dependent attachment of gp160 to monocytic cells occurs through both types of Fc-gamma R. In addition, this method of attachment resulted in productive infection of U937 cells that, since it was blocked in the presence of Leu3a, still appeared to involve gp110-CD4 interaction. Only slight enhancement of infectivity, such as described for other enveloped viruses, was noted, even when antibody concentration was titrated down. This mechanism may be one of the explanations why the humoral response to HIV is not usually protective.
Detection of vehicles in panoramic range image (2004)

It is important to assess street-parking vehicles causing traffic problems in urban areas. However, assessments are performed manually and at high cost. Developing a detection system of those vehicles is a top priority for reducing cost and avoiding human error. We propose a detection method using a laser-range finder and a line-scan camera. In the detection method, two kinds of cluster analyses are applied to laser-range points: one is for clustering laser-range points at each scan, and the other for clustering laser-range points over several scans. Each cluster of laser-range points indicates a vehicle. As a result of verification experiments in real roads, a detection rate reached 90%.
Design of lightweight, broad-band microwave absorbers using genetic algorithms (1993)

A procedure for synthesizing multilayered radar absorbing coatings is presented. Given a predefined set of N/sub m/ available materials with frequency-dependent permittivities in /sub i/(f) and permeabilities mu /sub i/(f) (i=1,. . ., N/sub m/), the technique determines simultaneously the optimal material choice for each layer and its thickness. This optimal choice results in a screen which maximally absorbs TM and TE incident plane waves for a prescribed range of frequencies (f/sub 1/,f/sub 2/,. . ., f/sub N/f) and incident angles ( theta /sub 1/, theta /sub 2/,. . ., theta /sub N theta /). The synthesis technique is based on a genetic algorithm. The technique automatically places an upper bound on the total thickness of the coating, as well as the number of layers contained in it, which greatly simplifies manufacturing. In addition, the thickness or surface mass of the coating can be minimized simultaneously with the reflection coefficient. The algorithm was successfully applied to the synthesis of wideband absorbing coatings in the frequency ranges of 0.2-2 GHz and 2-8 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metal–organic framework nanofibers viaelectrospinning (2010)

A hierarchical system of highly porous nanofibers has been prepared by electrospinning MOF (metal-organic framework) nanoparticles with suitable carrier polymers. Nitrogen adsorption proved the MOF nanoparticles to be fully accessible inside the polymeric fibers.
Designing object-oriented C++ applications using the Booch method (1995)

PART 1. SOME COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT OOD. PART 2. TUTORIAL. 1. Static and Dynamic Design. 2. Managing Complexity. 3. Analysis and Design. 4. Paradigm Crossings. 5. High-Level OOAD: A Case Study. 6. Physical Architecture. 7. Detailed Design: The Case Study Continues. 8. Epilogue. Appendix A: C++ Coding Guidelines. Appendix B: Multiprocessing: Concepts and Notation. Index.
Liver fatty acid binding protein expression in colorectal neoplasia (2004)

Liver fatty acid binding protein is a member of the fatty acid binding group of proteins that are involved in the intracellular transport of bioactive fatty acids and participate in intracellular signalling pathways, cell growth and differentiation. In this study we have used proteomics and immunohistochemistry to determine the changes in liver fatty acid binding protein in colorectal neoplasia. Comparative proteome analysis of paired samples colorectal cancer and normal colon identified consistent loss of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in colorectal cancer compared with normal colon. To identify the changes in liver fatty acid binding protein expression during colorectal cancer development and progression the cell-specific expression of L-FABP was determined by immunohistochemistry in a series of colorectal cancers and colorectal adenomas. Decreased L-FABP immunoreactivity was significantly associated with poorly differentiated cancers (P<0.001). In colorectal adenomas there was a significant trend towards decreased staining of L-FABP in the larger adenomas (P<0.001). There was consistent L-FABP immunostaining of normal surface colonocytes. This study demonstrates that loss of L-FABP occurs at the adenoma stage of colorectal tumour development and also indicates that L-FABP is a marker of colorectal cancer differentiation.
The first NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity (1995)

The First NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity was organized to assess the technology of this renewable energy source. The conference was sponsored by DOE and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Director's Development Fund. These proceedings represent the papers presented at the conference. The topics discussed covered many aspects of thermophotovoltaic conversion. There were forty five papers presented at the conference and forty have been abstracted for the Energy and Science Technology database. (AIP)
The α-Receptor for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Confers Bone-Metastatic Potential to Prostate Cancer Cells by Ligand- and Dimerization-Independent Mechanisms (2010)

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death among men, due primarily to the fact that the majority of prostate cancers will eventually spread to the skeleton. Metastatic dissemination requires a complex series of coordinated events that result in cells that escape from the primary tumor into the circulation and eventually colonize a distant organ. The ability of these cells to evolve into macroscopic metastases depends strongly on their compatibility with, and ability to utilize, this new microenvironment. We previously showed that bone-metastatic prostate cancer cells exposed to human bone marrow respond by activation of cell survival pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, and that these events are mediated by the alpha-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFRalpha). Our studies and others have shown that PDGFRalpha may be activated by mechanisms independent of PDGF ligand binding. Here, we provide conclusive evidence that soluble components of human bone marrow can activate PDGFRalpha through a mechanism that does not require the canonical binding of PDGF ligand(s) to the receptor. In particular, we found that dimerization of PDGFRalpha monomers is not induced by human bone marrow, but this does not prevent receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling from occurring. To establish the relevance of this phenomenon in vivo, we used a PDGFRalpha mutant lacking the extracellular ligand-binding domain. Our studies show that this truncated PDGFRalpha is able to restore bone-metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells as effectively as the full-length form of the receptor.