gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards implementation of a binary number system for complex numbers (2002)

These days computer operations involving complex numbers are most commonly performed by dealing with the real and imaginary parts separately and then accumulating their individual results to get the final result of the operation. This divide-and-conquer technique forsakes the advantages of using complex numbers in computer arithmetic and there exists a need, at least for some problems, to treat a complex number as one unit and to carry out all operations in this form. In this paper, we have analyzed various available complex bases and proposed a (-1+j)-base binary number system for complex numbers. We have discussed the arithmetic operations of two such binary numbers and outlined work which is currently underway in this area of computer arithmetic.
Mixed Oligoastrocytomas (1994)

Seventy-one patients with supratentorial mixed oligoastrocytomas underwent surgery only (5 patients) or surgery with postoperative radiation therapy (66 patients) between 1960 and 1982. The median survival for these 71 patients was 5.8 years and the 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 55, 29, and 17%, respectively--values significantly different from those of an age- and sex-matched normal reference population. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were applied to 14 possible prognostic factors, including the following: patient factors--age, sex, and seizures; tumor factors--site, size, side, computed tomographic enhancement, and calcification; pathological factors--tumor grade and dominant cellular component; and treatment factors--extent of surgical resection, lobectomy, and radiation dose and field. Of these factors, tumor grade, as determined by the Kernohan method, was the most strongly associated with survival. The 60 patients with Grades 1 and 2 tumors had a median survival of approximately 6.3 years and 5- and 10-year survival rates of 58% and 32%, respectively, compared with 2.8 years (36 and 9%, respectively) for the 11 patients with Grades 3 and 4 tumors. Age < 37 years, gross total resection, partial brain radiation, and radiation dose > or = 5000 cGy were other factors significantly associated with improved survival in both uni- and multivariate models. Three of five patients not receiving postoperative radiation therapy experienced tumor recurrence and died. Seven of eight patients from whom tissue was obtained at the time of tumor progression demonstrated anaplastic transformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Transcription regulation in the ribosomal RNA operon of mycobacteria]. (2001)

Tuberculosis is a extremely important infectious disease, caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of the characteristic of this bacteria is its very slow rate of growth, that allows it to survive for long periods of time inside the host cells. Among the genetic elements involved in growth regulation the operon rrn is of extreme importance. This operon contains the genes that code the three rRNA molecules, essential components of the bacterial ribosome. The tuberculosis bacilli, differently from most of the microorganisms, has a single copy of the rrn operon per genome, meaning that it must be submitted to very strict control mechanisms. Another important conclusion is that the sequences of the rrn operon constitute ideal targets for anti-mycobacterial drugs. In this work we have studied some of the elements involved in transcription control in M. tuberculosis, particularly those present in the leader region of the operon. By using basic molecular biology techniques we have identified sequence elements in the leader region that seem to be involved in the control of transcription elongation, by a mechanism related to anti-termination.
Mutation and haplotype analysis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by single cell multiple displacement amplification (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder with mutational heterogeneity. The scarcity of DNA from single cells in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for DMD limits comprehensive genetic testing. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is reported to generate large amounts of template and give the most complete coverage and unbiased amplification to date. Here, we developed mutation and haplotype analysis in conjunction with gender determination on MDA products of single cells providing a generic approach that widens availability of PGD for female carriers with varied mutations. MDA amplified with 98.5% success for single lymphocytes and 94.2% success for single blastomeres, which was evaluated on 60 lymphocytes and 40 blastomeres. A total of six commonly mutant exons, eight short tandem repeat markers within dystrophin gene and amelogenin were incorporated into subsequent singleplex PCR assays. The mean allele dropout rate was 9.0% for single lymphocytes and 25.5% for single blastomeres. None of the blank controls gave a positive signal. Genotyping of each pedigree for three families provided 2-3 fully informative alleles per dystrophin haplotype besides specific mutant exons and amelogenin. We suggest that this approach is reliable to identify non-carrier female embryos other than unaffected male embryos and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.
Nanochitin and Nanochitosan: Chitin Nanostructure Engineering with Multiscale Properties for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (2022)

Nanochitin and nanochitosan (with random-copolymer-based multiscale architectures of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units) have recently attracted immense attention for the development of green, sustainable, and advanced functional materials. Nanochitin and nanochitosan are multiscale materials from small oligomers, rod-shaped nanocrystals, longer nanofibers, to hierarchical assemblies of nanofibers. Various physical properties of chitin and chitosan depend on their molecular- and nanostructures; translational research has utilized them for a wide range of applications (biomedical, industrial, environmental, and so on). Instead of reviewing the entire extensive literature on chitin and chitosan, here, recent developments in multiscale-dependent material properties and their applications are highlighted; immune, medical, reinforcing, adhesive, green electrochemical materials, biological scaffolds, and sustainable food packaging are discussed considering the size, shape, and assembly of chitin nanostructures. In summary, new perspectives for the development of sustainable advanced functional materials based on nanochitin and nanochitosan by understanding and engineering their multiscale properties are described.
IFN-gamma induces bulge immunoprivilege collapse and may cause epithelial stem cell exhaust (2010)

Does gravity affect decision-making? This question comes into sharp focus as plans for interplanetary human space missions solidify. In the framework of Bayesian brain theories, gravity encapsulates a strong prior, anchoring agents to a reference frame via the vestibular system, informing their decisions and possibly their integration of uncertainty. What happens when such a strong prior is altered? We address this question using a self-motion estimation task in a space analog environment under conditions of altered gravity. Two participants were cast as remote drone operators orbiting Mars in a virtual reality environment on board a parabolic flight, where both hyper- and microgravity conditions were induced. From a first-person perspective, participants viewed a drone exiting a cave and had to first predict a collision and then provide a confidence estimate of their response. We evoked uncertainty in the task by manipulating the motion's trajectory angle. Post-decision subjective confidence reports were negatively predicted by stimulus uncertainty, as expected. Uncertainty alone did not impact overt behavioral responses (performance, choice) differentially across gravity conditions. However microgravity predicted higher subjective confidence, especially in interaction with stimulus uncertainty. These results suggest that variables relating to uncertainty affect decision-making distinctly in microgravity, highlighting the possible need for automatized, compensatory mechanisms when considering human factors in space research.
<title>In-line charge-trapping characterization of dielectrics for sub-0.5-um CMOS technologies</title> (1997)

The advent of ultra-large and giga-scale-integration (ULSI/GSI) has placed considerable emphasis on the development of new gate oxides and interlevel dielectrics capable of meeting strict performance and reliability requirements. The costs and demands associated with ULSI fabrication have in turn fueled the need for cost-effective, rapid and accurate in-line characterization techniques for evaluating dielectric quality. The use of non-contact surface photovoltage characterization techniques provides cost-effective rapid feedback on dielectric quality, reducing costs through the reutilization of control wafers and the elimination of processing time. This technology has been applied to characterize most of the relevant C-V parameters, including flatband voltage (V<SUB>fb</SUB>), density of interface traps (D<SUB>it</SUB>), mobile charge density (Q<SUB>m</SUB>), oxide thickness (T<SUB>ox</SUB>), oxide resistivity (p<SUB>ox</SUB>) and total charge (Q<SUB>tot</SUB>) for gate and interlevel (ILO) oxides. A novel method of measuring tunneling voltage by this technique on various gate oxides is discussed. For ILO, PECVD and high density plasma dielectrics, surface voltage maps are also presented. Measurements of near-surface silicon quality are described, including minority carrier generation lifetime, and examples of their application in diagnosing manufacturing problems.
Isolation of canine parvovirus from a cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia (1996)

Twenty-seven feline parvovirus (FPV) isolates were recovered from cats clinically diagnosed with feline panleukopenia (FPL) for assessing antigenic and genomic properties of FPL viruses (FPLV) recently prevalent among cats in Japan. All isolates, with the exception of one novel isolate, FPV-314, possessed homologous properties, and their subgroups in FPVs were identified as FPLV. The FPV-314 isolate, which was from a 1.5-year-old cat which manifested clinical signs of FPL and died on the 13th day after the first medical examination, was finally identified as canine parvovirus (CPV) because it lacked a specific antigenic epitope commonly detected in FPLV and mink enteritis virus and because the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene was almost identical to those of CPV-2a and -2b antigenic type strains recently prevalent among dogs in Japan. The present result together with our previous findings (M. Mochizuki, R. Harasawa, and H. Nakatani. Vet. Microbiol. 38:1-10, 1993) indicates the possibility that CPV and FPLV undergo mutual interspecies transmission between dogs and cats, and it is postulated that they may cause disease in some adventitious hosts.
Polysilicon sealed vacuum cavities for microelectromechanical systems (1999)

Sealed vacuum cavities are highly useful in silicon-based microelectromechanical systems. Sealed polysilicon cavities serve as reference chambers for commercially available pressure sensors and provide enclosures for high-Q mechanical resonators. They also provide isolation of resonant strain gauges from ambient gases and liquids for use in precision pressure transmitters. The residual pressure in such cavities is less than 10−5 Torr, as evidenced by the polysilicon resonator Q values which can be as high as 300 000. Measured values of Q can be dominated by parasitic electrical resistance losses in the electrical drive circuit. After these losses are accounted for, the dominant loss is due to mechanical radiation of acoustic waves from the supports to the rest of the die and package. The vibration of the beams can be excited and sensed in several different ways for testing purposes. Fiberoptically driven and sensed microbeams operating at up to 510 °C for several hours resulted in no loss of vacuum as evidenced by the restoration of resonator Q upon its return to room temperature. Thus optically resonant microbeams are potentially suitable for fiberoptic-based sensors that withstand harsh environments, including high temperature.
Effect of Amino-Terminal Processing by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> V-8 Protease on Activity and Structure of Recombinant Human Interferon-γ (1990)

Treatment of recombinant human interferon-gamma (rHuIFN-gamma) with Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease generated a transiently stable species that lacks 10 amino-terminal residues. This protein showed distinct secondary and higher-order structures with an alpha-helical content of 31%, suggesting that the secondary and tertiary structure largely remain upon removal of 10 amino-terminal residues. The antiviral activity was abolished, or greatly reduced, for this species relative to the intact protein. These results suggest an important role for the amino-terminal portion in the activity of human interferon-gamma. Since the digested protein is difficult to refold from the acid-denatured state, it was concluded that, although not essential for maintaining the core structure of the protein, the amino-terminal portion is critical for refolding the protein from acid.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Natural Ester Sintenin and Its Synthetic Analogues (2005)

Synthesis of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propanoate (18), a cytotoxic natural ester, was carried out by a convenient synthetic path with a total yield of 49%. Sixteen of its analogues (19-34) were also prepared. Seventeen unsaturated derivatives of 18, compounds 1-17, were also synthesized to examine the structure-activity relationship of this type of ester. All of the synthetic compounds were passed through the cytotoxicity screenings on human tumor cell lines, such as PC-3, Hela, A549, BEL7404, CNE, and KB. Some of the esters exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on these tumor cell lines. The phenolic derivatives exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among these derivatives, while the unsaturated esters were more cytotoxic than the saturated analogues. Some of the compounds also exhibited inhibition on alpha-glucosidase.
A QoS broker based architecture for efficient Web services selection (2005)

Quality of service (QoS) support in Web services plays a great role for the success of this emerging technology. In this paper, we present a QoS broker-based architecture for Web services. The main goal of the architecture is to support the client in selecting Web services based on his/her required QoS. To achieve this goal, we propose a two-phase verification technique that is performed by a third party broker. The first phase consists of syntactic and semantic verification of the service interface description including the QoS parameters description. The second phase consists of applying a measurement technique to compute the QoS metrics stated in the service interface and compares their values with the claimed one. This is used to verify the conformity of a Web service from the QoS point of view (QoS testing). A methodological approach to generate QoS test cases, as input to QoS verification is used. We have implemented a prototype that includes the verification and certification components of the broker. We performed experiments to evaluate the importance of verification and certification features in the selection process using real Web services.
On the design of selective coefficient DCT module (1998)

An innovative selective coefficient discrete cosine transform (SCDCT) architecture is proposed which is designed for selective coefficient computation and straightforward row-column computation. Having these features, the selective coefficient DCT core will fit for various area/speed requirements. It can save the transposition delay to simplify the computation flow of two-dimensional (2-D) DCT and, in view of circuit implementation, SCDCT is multiply-free and thus area/speed efficient.
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the ferromagnetic properties of sputtered Zn1−x(Co0.5Fe0.5)xO thin films (2002)

We have investigated the effects of rapid thermal annealing under vacuum on the CoFe-doped ZnO [Zn1−x(Co0.5Fe0.5)xO] films grown by reactive magnetron co-sputtering. At least up to x=0.15, the films have the single phase of the same wurtzite structure as pure ZnO. Ferromagnetism was observed for the CoFe-doped ZnO films. We found that rapid thermal annealing leads to a remarkable increase in the spontaneous magnetization of the CoFe-doped ZnO as well as the electron concentration. The annealing also leads to a significant increase in the Curie temperature (TC), resulting in room temperature ferromagnetism with TC&gt;300 K for the CoFe-doped ZnO films.
Determining Absolute Configurations of Stereocenters in Annonaceous Acetogenins through Formaldehyde Acetal Derivatives and Mosher Ester Methodology (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermining Absolute Configurations of Stereocenters in Annonaceous Acetogenins through Formaldehyde Acetal Derivatives and Mosher Ester MethodologyZ. Gu, Lu Zeng, X. Fang, Trina Colman-Saizarbitoria, Mei Huo, and Jerry L. McLaughlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5162–5172Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CMOS analog front end of a transceiver with digital echo cancellation for ISDN (1988)

A CMOS analog front-end which contains a novel pulse-shaping circuit, an extremely linear-line-driver state, an oversampling second-order noise-shaping coder, and a wake-up signal detector is discussed. An analog front-end for 4B 3T coded signals is realized in a 2.5- mu m CMOS technology and operates up to 4.5 km with 0.4-mm-diameter lines, needing only one 5-V power supply. It is possible to transmit 2B 1Q coded signals also, using a modified pulse-shaping circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
484. The conversion of arylureas into symmetrical diarylureas. The melting points of certain substituted ureas (1949)

F. Kurzer, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2292 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490002292
Utilitarian Attack and Stoic Withdrawal: Two Extremes (2002)

Abstract The classical utilitarians regarded all suffering as evil, regardless of source, and aimed to eliminate as much suffering as possible from the world. Stoics, in contrast, regarded as neither good nor evil what eludes our control and held that the only thing we can be sure of controlling is our own will; hence, for stoics, evil consists simply in wrongful uses of the will and it is a mistake to place importance on suffering that has external sources. The atrocity theory of evil, combining features of utilitarianism with features of stoicism, treats both harm suffered and wrongful willing as essential to an evil, specifies that evils have sources in culpable wrongdoing, and recognizes as evil only those wrongful willings that also cause intolerable harm. John Rawls's theory of justice, also intermediate between stoicism and utilitarianism, emphasizes primary good rather than basic harm and consequently, unlike the author's theory, does not distinguish evils from lesser injustices.
Phenotypic features and proliferative activity of B cell progenitors in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. (1990)

In this study, we applied mAb and heterologous antisera in double marker combinations to investigate the phenotype and the proliferative activity of immature B lineage cells in XLA. Bone marrow (BM) samples from eight male adult patients with no circulating B lymphocytes were studied. The proportions and the phenotype of the earliest identifiable B cell progenitors, expressing nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), cytoplasmic CD22, and membrane CD19 and CD10 were identical to those observed in normal BM. In XLA these cells represented 1.2% to 22% of BM mononuclear cells; 5% to 42% and 1% to 45% of such cells weakly expressed CD20 and CD37, respectively, and invariably lacked CD13 and CD33. Cytoplasmic mu+ sIg- pre-B cells were seen in low numbers (0.1% to 0.3%) in four samples and were undetectable in the remaining four. Consequently, the ratio TdT+/c mu+ was greater than 100 in five out of eight samples studied in contrast to the less than 10 values seen in normal individuals. The proliferative activity of B lineage progenitor cells was studied by using Ki67 and anti-bromodeoxyuridine mAb. Although the proliferation of TdT+ cells in XLA was comparable with that seen in normal BM samples (24% to 59% of TdT+ were Ki67+ and 11% to 27% incorporated bromodeoxyuridine), this was dramatically reduced in the c mu+ cells (no c mu+, Ki67+ seen in three samples where pre-B cells were observed). Thus, the abnormalities of B cell differentiation in XLA are first seen at the c mu+ pre-B stage and suggest a maturation block in the transition between TdT+, c mu- pre-pre-B cells and c mu+ pre-B cells. The severity of this block may be variable, allowing the generation of a near normal number of pre-B cells in some patients, which nevertheless have a defective proliferative activity. Finally, our study further supports the concept that the effects of the "XLA gene" are confined within the B lineage by demonstrating that the proportions of T cells bearing TCR-alpha beta and TCR-gamma delta in XLA are similar to those seen in normal individuals.