gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution and sensitivity bi-directional x-ray phase contrast imaging using 2D Talbot array illuminators (2021)

Two-dimensional (2D) Talbot array illuminators (TAIs) were designed, fabricated, and evaluated for high-resolution high-contrast x-ray phase imaging of soft tissue at 10-20 keV. The TAIs create intensity modulations with a high compression ratio on the micrometer scale at short propagation distances. Their performance was compared with various other wavefront markers in terms of period, visibility, flux efficiency, and flexibility to be adapted for limited beam coherence and detector resolution. Differential x-ray phase contrast and dark-field imaging were demonstrated with a one-dimensional, linear phase stepping approach yielding 2D phase sensitivity using unified modulated pattern analysis (UMPA) for phase retrieval. The method was employed for x-ray phase computed tomography reaching a resolution of 3 µm on an unstained murine artery. It opens new possibilities for three-dimensional, non-destructive, and quantitative imaging of soft matter such as virtual histology. The phase modulators can also be used for various other x-ray applications such as dynamic phase imaging, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, or wavefront sensing.
Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated from <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production in THP-1 Cells and Endotoxin Shock in Mice (2008)

In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (pLTA) on LPS-induced MAPK activation, NF-kappaB activation, and the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1R-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) was examined. The expression of the pattern recognition receptor and the survival rate of mice were also examined. pLTA pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase. It also inhibited the degradation of IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta, as well as the activation of the LPS-induced TNF-alpha factor in response to subsequent LPS stimulation. These changes were accompanied by the suppression of the LPS-induced expression of TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2, and the induction of IRAK-M, with a concurrent reduction of TNF-alpha secretion. Furthermore, the overexpression of pattern recognition receptors such as TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2 and the degradation of IRAK-M by transient transfection were found to reinstate the production of TNF-alpha after LPS restimulation. In addition, the i.p. injection of pLTA suppressed fatality, and decreased the level of TNF-alpha in the blood, in LPS-induced endotoxin shock mice. In conclusion, these data extend our understanding of the pLTA tolerance mechanism, which is related to the inhibition of LPS-induced endotoxin shock, and suggest that pLTA may have promise as a new therapeutic agent for LPS-induced septic shock.
Premature translation of protamine 1 mRNA causes precocious nuclear condensation and arrests spermatid differentiation in mice. (1995)

Translational control is a major form of regulating gene expression during gametogenesis and early development in many organisms. We sought to determine whether the translational repression of the protamine 1 (Prm1) mRNA is necessary for normal spermatid differentiation in mice. To accomplish this we generated transgenic animals that carry a Prm1 transgene lacking its normal 3' untranslated region. Premature translation of Prm1 mRNA caused precocious condensation of spermatid nuclear DNA, abnormal head morphogenesis, and incomplete processing of Prm2 protein. Premature accumulation of Prm1 within syncytial spermatids in mice hemizygous for the transgene caused dominant male sterility, which in some cases was accompanied by a complete arrest in spermatid differentiation. These results demonstrate that correct temporal synthesis of Prm1 is necessary for the transition from nucleohistones to nucleoprotamines.
Bovine lactoferrin reduces plasma triacylglycerol and NEFA accompanied by decreased hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol contents in rodents (2004)

In the present study we examined whether oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) reduces plasma or hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol in mice. When bLF mixed with a standard commercial diet (10 g/kg) was given to mice for 4 weeks, plasma triacylglycerol and NEFA decreased, while plasma HDL-cholesterol levels increased (P<0.01). These changes in plasma lipid profiles were accompanied by significant decreases in hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol contents. When mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 300.0 g lard, 10.0 g cholesterol and 2.5 g bovine bile powder/kg for 4 weeks, bovine LF did not have any significant effects on plasma or hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Furthermore, bLF had no significant effects on faecal excretion of total bile acids in mice. Interestingly, bLF showed a suppressive effect on the lymphatic triacylglycerol absorption in chronically treated rats. We conclude that bLF has a beneficial effect on plasma cholesterol levels and retards hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a standard diet.
Uniform, Stable, and Efficient Planar-Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Facile Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition under Fully Open-Air Conditions (2015)

Recently, hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high efficiency and simple preparing process. Herein, a facile low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technology is first developed to fabricate PSCs, which can effectively reduce the over-rapid intercalating reaction rate and easily overcome this blocking issue during the solution process. As a result, the prepared uniform perovskite films exhibit good crystallization, strong absorption, and long carrier diffusion length. More strikingly, CH3NH3PbI3 absorbers by LPCVD demonstrate excellent moisture-resistant feature even under laser illumination and high-temperature conditions, which indicates that our proprietary method is very suitable for the future low-cost, nonvacuum production of the new generation photovoltaic devices. Finally, high efficiency of 12.73% is successfully achieved under fully open-air conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of efficient PSCs with such a high humidity above 60%.
Topology-transparent scheduling for MANETs using orthogonal arrays (2003)

In this paper, we generalize the known topology-transparent medium access control protocols for mobile ad hoc networks by observing that their transmission schedule corresponds to an orthogonal array. Some new results on throughput are obtained as a consequence. We also show how to compute the probability of successful transmission if the actual node degree in the network exceeds the design parameter related to maximum node degree, showing the sensitivity of the schedule to this parameter. The selection of orthogonal array to provide the best throughput is also examined, and combinatorial generalizations are explored. Finally we outline schemes that combine the delay guarantees of current approaches to handle exceeding the stipulated maximum node degree.
Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases formed in an ionic liquid (2004)

Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of an amphiphilic block copolymer are constructed and characterized in an ionic liquid with comparison of component and temperature effects.
Long‐term outcome of early versus delayed rasagiline treatment in early Parkinson's disease (2008)

The purpose of this study to compare the long-term clinical outcome of early versus delayed rasagiline treatment in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjects (N = 404) were randomly assigned to initial treatment with rasagiline (early-start group) or placebo for 6 months followed by rasagiline (delayed-start group) in the TEMPO study. Subjects who chose to participate in an open-label extension (N = 306) continued to receive rasagiline as well as other PD medications as needed. Average (+/-SD) duration in the study was 3.6 +/- 2.1 years; 177 subjects received rasagiline for > or =5.0 years. Over the entire 6.5-year follow-up period, the adjusted mean difference in change from baseline in total UPDRS scores was 2.5 units (SE 1.1; P = 0.021) or 16% (SE 5.7; P = 0.006) in favor of the early-start versus delayed-start rasagiline group. Although the interaction between treatment and time was significant, values for the early-start group were better than the delayed-start group across all time points. Significantly less worsening (percent change) in total UPDRS scores was observed in the early-start group at the time points 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 years (P < 0.05). Compared to delayed start, early initiation of rasagiline provided long-term clinical benefit, even in the face of treatment with other dopaminergic agents. This might reflect enduring benefits due to neuroprotection or effects on compensatory mechanisms in early PD.
A Requirement for Recombinational Repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Caused by DNA Replication Defects of mec1 Mutants (1999)

To examine the role of the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway in compensating for DNA replication defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we performed a genetic screen to identify mutants that require Rad52p for viability. We isolated 10 mec1 mutations that display synthetic lethality with rad52. These mutations (designated mec1-srf for synthetic lethality with rad-fifty-two) simultaneously cause two types of phenotypes: defects in the checkpoint function of Mec1p and defects in the essential function of Mec1p. Velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients revealed that mec1-srf mutants accumulate small single-stranded DNA synthesis intermediates, suggesting that Mec1p is required for the normal progression of DNA synthesis. sml1 suppressor mutations suppress both the accumulation of DNA synthesis intermediates and the requirement for Rad52p in mec1-srf mutants, but they do not suppress the checkpoint defect in mec1-srf mutants. Thus, it appears to be the DNA replication defects in mec1-srf mutants that cause the requirement for Rad52p. By using hydroxyurea to introduce similar DNA replication defects, we found that single-stranded DNA breaks frequently lead to double-stranded DNA breaks that are not rapidly repaired in rad52 mutants. Taken together, these data suggest that the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway is required to prevent or repair double-stranded DNA breaks caused by defective DNA replication in mec1-srf mutants.
Diagnosis and Classification of Typhoon-Associated Low-Altitude Turbulence Using HKO-TDWR Radar Observations and Machine Learning (2019)

Turbulence has been one of the major concerns for aviation safety. This paper applies evolutionary machine learning (ML) technology to turbulence level classification for civil aviation. An artificial neural network ML approach based on radar observation is developed for classifying the cubed root of the Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> , an accepted measure of turbulence intensity. The approach is validated using Typhoon weather data collected by Hong Kong Observatory's Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) located near Hong Kong International Airport and comparing TDWR EDR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> detections and predictions with in situ EDR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> measured by commercial aircraft. The testing results verified that the ML approach performs reasonably well for both detecting and predicting tasks.
Chronic Effects of Aorta-Coronary Sinus Anastomosis of Beck in Dogs (1954)

Studies were made on dogs at various times up to one year following the coronary sinus anastomosis of Beck to determine the chronic effects of the operation. The results indicate that the graft perfuses the capillary bed of the occluded circumflex artery for about five weeks after the operation and then loses its functional contact with the capillary bed probably because of obliterative venous changes. However, as a result of an anoxia, there is definite development of intercoronary collateral vessels during the first few weeks, which persist throughout the year even though there is no arterial occlusion. It is concluded that in dogs the Beck operation is protective against the major effects of coronary ligation because of retrograde capillary flow early and intercoronary anastomoses later.
Cooperative Ratiometric Chemosensors:  Pinwheel Receptors with an Integrated Fluorescence System (2001)

The synthesis and fluorescent properties of a second generation cooperative chemical sensor are described. The sensor has two interacting binding pockets for cooperative recognition of two analytes. Cooperative binding activates a ratiometric fluorescent response via formation of an excimer. Binding was characterized by NMR, absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The advantages of separating the recognition elements from the fluorescent response elements are discussed.
Entity-Relationship Modeling and Normalization Errors (1997)

Automated data modeling is a key component of modern Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. Systems analysts use CASE tools to model business processes and data in using a rapid application development methodology for software development. A key component of the development process is the conversion of entity-relationship diagrams to normalized relational tables. Designers rely on CASE tools to generate normalized table structures; however, a generated relational schema is only as good as the data model diagram upon which it is based. This article outlines situations where errors in entity-relationship models can result in non-normalized table structures.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
Multiple Specific Hormone Receptors in the Adenylate Cyclase of an Adrenocortical Carcinoma (1971)

Abstract The adenylate cyclase of a corticosterone producing transplanted adrenal cancer of the rat is stimulated not only by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but also by epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. The lowest effective concentration of each hormone is about 10-6 m. Other hormones, including parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin, glucagon, and vasopressin, do not influence the tumor cyclase. ACTH is the only hormone that stimulates normal adrenal adenylate cyclase. To study further the characteristics of the tumor hormone receptors, experiments have been performed employing hormone analogues, subunits, and inhibitors. The tumor ACTH receptor requires similar portions of the ACTH molecule for activity as does the normal adrenal receptor. Thus, the tumor and the normal adrenal cyclase are stimulated by the ACTH analogue containing the NH2-terminal 24 amino acids of ACTH, but neither responds to the analogue containing only the COOH-terminal 15 amino acids. A number of observations suggest that the tumor possesses a β adrenergic receptor. The tumor cyclase is stimulated by a series of catecholamines in the following order of potency: isoproterenol g epinephrine g norepinephrine g ephedrine. Methoxamine is inactive. The β adrenergic antagonist propranolol abolishes the stimulatory effect of the catecholamines but not that of the other hormones. Phentolamine and dibenzylamine do not block the catecholamine responses. Studies with the subunits of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone have shown activity in stimulating the tumor cyclase principally by the β subunit of each hormone. The results indicate the presence of multiple specific hormone receptors in the tumor cyclase. Since the effects of the different hormones are not additive, it is suggested that the multiple hormone receptors act through a common cyclase catalytic unit.
High power laser propagation (1976)

High power laser beams propagating in the atmosphere are subjected to a variety of effects, the most important of which are absorption, scattering, turbulence induced beam spreading and wander, thermal blooming, and gas breakdown. In this paper simplified models are used to show how the various atmospheric effects interrelate and impact on the best laser choice for high power applications through their dependence on the laser wavelength and temporal mode (e.g., cw or pulsed) of operation. Results for sea level propagation at seven common laser wavelengths varying from 0.34 microm to 10.6 microm. are presented that show the mid-ir wavelengths to be favored for typical turbulence and aerosol scattering conditions. At the longer 10.6-microm CO(2) laser wavelength thermal blooming is dominant due to stronger molecular absorption, while at the shorter wavelengths turbulence induced beam spreading and aerosol absorption and scattering effects become important and tend to limit the increase in irradiance expected on the basis of diffraction effects alone.
Fabrication of 3D photonic crystals by autocloning and its applications (1999)

3D photonic crystals can produce a number of fascinating optical devices utilizing the band gap, the dispersive passband, and unisotropic band structure. We previously proposed a process for fabricating a 3D periodic nanostructure which can behave as photonic crystals. The key technique in the process is the deposition of a multilayer by bias sputtering replicating periodically a corrugated layer pattern, which is named the autocloning effect. This paper reviews our recent works on 3D photonic crystals: the mechanism of the autocloning effect, propagation analysis in the 3D photonic crystal by an FDTD method, and applications such as plane-normal waveguides or wavelength-selective filters. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 82(9): 43–52, 1999
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate Mediated Aryl Triflate Esters′ Deprotection. (2014)

Abstract The efficient and operationally simple procedure for the deprotection of aryl triflate esters exhibits good functional group tolerance.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Boron‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene (2009)

Boron- and nitrogen-doped graphenes are are prepared by the arc discharge between carbon electrodes or by the transformation of nanodiamond under appropriate atmospheres. Using a combination of experiment and theories based on first principles, systematic changes in the carrier-concentration and electronic structure of the doped graphenes are demonstrated. Stiffening of the G-band mode and intensification of the defect-related D-band in the Raman spectra are also observed.
Application of the singular value decomposition to aperture synthesis with boundary arrays (2002)

It is shown how arrays consisting of sensors arranged only on the boundary of a planar region can be used to synthesize the effect of a more densely populated array. Such boundary arrays can simultaneously achieve good resolution and low sidelobes, using relatively few sensor elements compared with 'filled' arrays. One essentially compensates for the missing elements from the interior of the boundary array by performing extra processing of the data. The authors focus on aperture synthesis techniques for passive imaging of spatially incoherent sources for some particular array geometries, namely the cross array and rectangular and triangular boundary arrays. Results are stated purely in terms of discrete arrays, and it is shown that the singular value decomposition provides a convenient solution to the aperture synthesis problem in this framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PTEN: a promising pharmacological target to enhance epithelial wound healing (2007)

PI3Ks (phosphoinositide-3 kinases) produce PIP3 (phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate) which mediates signals for cell survival and proliferation. The tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) dephosphorylates PIP3 and is a key negative regulator of PI3K signalling. Recent research highlighted important roles for PI3K/PTEN in cell polarization and directional cell migration, pointing to a significant role for PTEN in wound healing where spatially organized tissue growth is essential. Lai et al. (in this issue of British Journal of Pharmacology) have moved a step closer in utilizing PTEN for wound healing through pharmacological inhibition. Two vanadium derivative inhibitors targeting PTEN significantly elevated the level of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) and nearly doubled the wound healing rate in monolayer cultures of lung and airway epithelial cells. Damage to airway and lung epithelia underlies a wide spectrum of significant clinical conditions. With further experiments, this promising approach may find potential clinical use in situations where enhanced wound healing of pulmonary and other epithelia is important.
Fast response cavity enhanced ozone monitor (2013)

Abstract. Ozone is an important atmospheric gas due to its role in air quality and radiative forcing. A new method for sensitive, rapid monitoring of ambient ozone has been developed using a compact platform and relatively inexpensive components. Based on incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBB-CEAS), the device utilizes an optical cavity of just 14.5 cm and 99.3% reflective mirrors. Performance of the instrument has been validated against direct absorption measurements in a single-pass measurement cell. Currently, the IBB-CEAS ozone instrument can achieve ∼1 ppb sensitivities at 0.1 s integration time with a dynamic range over four orders of magnitude, accessing relevant ozone concentrations in both the stratosphere and troposphere. This new device offers improved sensitivity and time response for mapping ozone aboard airborne platforms.
<i>Ab initio</i> charge analysis of pure and hydrogenated perovskites (2011)

We present a density functional theory based Bader analysis of the charge distribution in pure and hydrogenated SrTiO3. We find that the hydrogen defect carries a +0.56e charge and the OH defect carries a +0.50e charge compared to the host oxygen. Calculations on BaNbO3, CaTiO3, and SrZrO3 support these findings. The distribution of the remaining electronic density decays exponentially with distance to the hydrogen defect. Diffusional paths are calculated wherein the hydrogenic species retain a charge between +0.57 and +0.54e showing that hydrogen permeation should not be viewed as consisting of virtually independent protonic and electronic transport processes.
Contraceptive rings promote vaginal lactobacilli in a high bacterial vaginosis prevalence population: A randomised, open-label longitudinal study in Rwandan women (2018)

NuvaRing® promoted lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbial communities in a population with high baseline BV prevalence despite the fact that biomass accumulated on the rings.
Die Bedeutung von Access für die Bilanzanalyse (2004)

Im diesem Kapitel geht es um die Bedeutung von Access 2000 als Datenbankprogramm für die Bilanzanalyse. Es erfolgt eine Erläuterung über die Verwendung des Softwarepaketes. Die einzelnen Arbeitsgänge bei der Bilanzanalyse werden hier geschildert.
Relation of amino acids, energy levels and protein synthesis in chronic renal disease. (1989)

Chronic renal disease is a catabolic state associated with impaired protein metabolism characterized by reduced synthesis [1, 2] and/or increased degradation of protein [3-6], and abnormal concentrations of some intracellular free amino acids which are important substrates for protein synthesis. Energy metabolism also is aberrant with flawed utilization or generation of the adenylate pool