gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Pore Pressure Prediction in Depleted Reservoirs Using Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (2019)

Abstract It is known that pore pressure (Pp) is an integral part for the well planning process. Pore pressure can be directly measured from the wireline pressure and well tests, or indirectly measured from seismic velocities, well logs, and shale densities. While the direct measurements are limited due to the cost and time-saving purposes, the indirect methods are often used, especially the techniques that based on the mechanical compaction of fine-grained sediments. However, the loss of porosity in carbonate reservoirs is not only controlled by the effective stresses, but also affected by a variety of depositional environments and diagenetic processes. Most of the previous models were developed to detect the overpressure zones rather than the subnormal (i.e., depleted) zones. There are also some limitations in the traditional methods, as they are based on empirical relations and constants that can differ from basins to others. This study presents a regression analysis (RA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) capable of predicting the Pp using measurable well logs. A field case, located in SE Iraq, has been investigated to determine the Pp from well log data. A database for five offset wells of Mishrif reservoir was subjected to the predictive methods. Two traditional methods, the Eaton and the Ratio methods, were also conducted to compare their performance with in-situ pore pressure data in carbonate reservoirs. The current results showed that the true vertical depth, bulk density, neutron porosity, gamma ray, compressional travel time, and unconfined compressive strength are the key parameters for the Pp prediction. An empirical model with a good performance using ANNs has been developed to estimate the Pp using petrophysical well logs. Although both RA and ANNs are conservative in predicting Pp, the higher value of determination coefficient (0.96) of ANNs demonstrated that the ANN can predict the subnormal pore pressures in carbonate reservoirs. While the Eaton and the Ratio methods which are based on the drilling derived dc values showed a closer alignment with the in-situ Pp direct measurements, they are not applicable in depleted carbonate reservoirs. Other indicators of the prediction Pp should be used in conjunction with penetration rate. The validity of the proposed models was successfully checked with the data from another field study in SE Iraq. This study presents efficient and cost-effective models to estimate the formation pore pressure in depleted carbonate environments utilizing petrophysical well logs.
Spondylolisthesis treated by a single-stage operation combining decompression with in situ posterolateral and anterior fusion. An analysis of eleven patients who had long-term follow-up. (1990)

We treated eleven skeletally mature patients who had a high-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis by a single-stage operation that involved posterior spinal decompression, posterolateral arthrodesis with autogenous iliac-crest graft, and anterior arthrodesis with a fibular graft inserted from the posterior approach. We did not attempt to correct the deformity. Preoperatively, all but one patient had severe pain in the back and lower limb; the exceptional patient had severe pain only in the low back. All but one patient had sensory deficits and objective motor impairment before the operation, and five had cauda equina syndrome. Six patients had had a previous operation that had failed. The duration of follow-up ranged from two to twelve years. A solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and all had major or complete neurological recovery. The results did not deteriorate with time.
PCR-Based Sensitive Detection of Wood-Decaying Fungus <i>Phellinus linteus</i> by Specific Primer from rDNA ITS Regions (2001)

Based on the rDNA ITS sequences data, specific primer set for PCR detection of wood-decaying fungus Phellinus linteus was designed. The length of PCR products using designed primer set (SHF and SHR) was about 540 bp. Among 11 species, 17 isolates of Phellinus spp. including Phellinus linteus, P. pomaceus, P. spiculosus, P baumi, P. pini, P. igniarius, P. gilvus, P biscuspidatus, P. weirii, P. johnsonianus, P. robutus, and P. igniarius, seven isolates of Phellinus linteus showed about 540 bpsized single band. This molecular technique could offer a useful tool for detecting and identifying Phellinus linteus.
Purification and characterization of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C from guinea pig uterus. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C in vivo. (1987)

Two peaks of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity were resolved when guinea pig uterus cytosolic proteins were chromatographed on a DEAE-Sepharose column. The first peak of enzyme activity eluting from the DEAE-Sepharose column (PI-PLC I) was further purified to homogeneity, whereas the second peak of enzyme activity was enriched 300-fold. PI-PLC I migrated as a 62-kDa protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Antibodies prepared against PI-PLC I failed to react with PI-PLC II. PI-PLC I hydrolyzed all three phosphoinositides, exhibiting a greater Vmax for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate greater than phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate greater than phosphatidylinositol. Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol was calcium-dependent, whereas significant hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate occurred in the presence of 2.5 mM EGTA. At physiological concentrations of calcium, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate were the preferred substrates. Antibodies specific for PI-PLC I reacted with a 62-kDa protein in both the cytosol and membrane fractions from guinea pig uterus. Quantitation of the immunoblots revealed that 25% of the 62-kDa protein was membrane-associated, whereas only 5% of the total enzyme activity was membrane-associated. Approximately 20% of the membrane-bound phospholipase C activity and immunoreactive material were loosely bound, whereas the remainder required detergent extraction for complete solubilization. The 62-kDa protein associated with the membrane fractions did not bind lectin affinity columns, suggesting that it was not glycosylated. PI-PLC I was identified as a phosphoprotein in [32P]orthophosphate-labeled rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. In untreated cells, 32P-labeled PI-PLC I was found in the cytosolic fraction. Treatment of RBL-1 cells with those phorbol esters which are known to activate the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme protein kinase C, resulted in a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of both membrane-bound and cytosolic PI-PLC I. Thus, in RBL-1 cells, protein kinase C may play an important role in the regulation of phospholipase C through protein phosphorylation.
Vertical 2D Heterostructures (2015)

Graphene's legacy has become an integral part of today's condensed matter science and has equipped a whole generation of scientists with an armory of concepts and techniques that open up new perspectives for the postgraphene area. In particular, the judicious combination of 2D building blocks into vertical heterostructures has recently been identified as a promising route to rationally engineer complex multilayer systems and artificial solids with intriguing properties. The present review highlights recent developments in the rapidly emerging field of 2D nanoarchitectonics from a materials chemistry perspective, with a focus on the types of heterostructures available, their assembly strategies, and their emerging properties. This overview is intended to bridge the gap between two major—yet largely disjunct—developments in 2D heterostructures, which are firmly rooted in solid-state chemistry or physics. Although the underlying types of heterostructures differ with respect to their dimensions, layer alignment, and interfacial quality, there is common ground, and future synergies between the various assembly strategies are to be expected.
Simultaneous morphological and biochemical endogenous optical imaging of atherosclerosis (2015)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of accurate simultaneous OCT/FLIM morphological and biochemical characterization of coronary plaques at spatial resolutions and acquisition speeds compatible with catheter-based intravascular imaging. The success of this pilot study sets up future development of a multimodal intravascular imaging system that will enable studies that could help improve our understanding of plaque pathogenesis.
FolM, A New Chromosomally Encoded Dihydrofolate Reductase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Escherichia coli (thyA DeltafolA) mutants are viable and can grow in minimal medium when supplemented with thymidine alone. Here we present evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies that the ydgB gene determines an alternative dihydrofolate reductase that is related to the trypanosomatid pteridine reductases. We propose to rename this gene folM.
A content-based search engine on medical images for telemedicine (2002)

Retrieving images by content and forming visual queries are important functionality of an image database system. Using textual descriptions to specify queries on image content is another important component of content-based search. The authors describe a medical image database system MIQS which supports visual queries such as query by example and query by sketch. In addition, it supports textual queries on spatial relationships between the objects of an image. MIQS is designed as a client-server application in which the client accesses the database and its images via the WWW.
Multiple-Imaging in 2-D MMI Silicon Hollow Waveguides (2004)

We investigate the multiple-imaging in two-dimensional (2-D) multimode silicon Hollow waveguides. Two waveguides with dimensions 40×80 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 80×80 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are fabricated using microelectromechanical system compatible technology and measured at 675 nm. The multiple-imaging in the 2-D transverse plane is reported, and the measured imaging lengths agree with the theoretical predictions.
Where Do Programmed Death-1 Inhibitors Fit in the Management of Malignant Lymphoma? (2016)

Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells have the capacity to target and eradicate malignant B cells in patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, multiple mechanisms, including regulatory T cells, immunosuppressive ligands, and immune exhaustion, suppress an effective antitumor immune response. One mechanism that is used by malignant cells to inhibit the immune response is overexpression of programmed death ligand 1 or 2 (PD-L1 or PD-L2) on the cancer cell surface. These ligands interact with the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor expressed on intratumoral T cells and provide an inhibitory signal, thereby suppressing the antitumor immune response. Monoclonal antibodies that block PD-1 signaling prevent T-cell inhibition and promote a T-cell-mediated antilymphoma response. Blocking antibodies that are directed against PD-1 or PD-L1 are currently being tested in patients with lymphoma and have shown remarkable efficacy, particularly in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. On the basis of the promising activity of this approach, PD-1 inhibitors are being used as single-agent therapy in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma, and these inhibitors are also being tested in combination with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents in ongoing clinical trials.
Small-Molecule Fluorescent Sensors for Investigating Zinc Metalloneurochemistry (2008)

The metalloneurochemistry of Zn(II) is of substantial current interest. Zinc is the second most abundant d-block metal ion in the human brain, and its distribution varies with relatively high concentrations found in the hippocampus. Brain zinc is generally divided into two types, protein-bound and loosely bound, the latter also being termed histochemically observable, chelatable, labile, or mobile zinc. The neurophysiological and neuropathological significance of mobile Zn(II) remains enigmatic. Studies of Zn(II) distribution, translocation, and function in vivo require tools for its detection. Because Zn(II) has a closed-shell d(10) configuration and no convenient spectroscopic signature, fluorescence is a well-suited method for monitoring Zn(II) in biological contexts. This Account summarizes work by our laboratory addressing the design, preparation, characterization, and use of small-molecule fluorescent sensors for imaging Zn(II) in living cells and samples of brain tissue. These sensors provide "turn-on" or ratiometric Zn(II) detection in aqueous solution at neutral pH. By making alterations to the Zn(II)-binding unit and fluorophore platform, we have devised sensors with varied photophysical and metal-binding properties. Several of these probes have been applied to image Zn(II) distribution, uptake, and mobilization in a variety of cell types, including neuronal cultures.
Speed Control System Based on Improved Fuzzy-PID Hybrid Control for Direct Current Motor (2010)

This paper describes a new hybrid speed regulating method based on improved Fuzzy-PID, which is used in the speed loop for speed and current closed loop control direct current (DC) motor control system. The specific way of the hybrid method depends on the value of the error between reference speed and actual speed when it is bigger than threshold value, the fuzzy control is used, when it reduces to below the threshold value, the PID adjustment is used. The simulation research on the new hybrid speed regulating system of DC motor is carried out. The results of simulation show that the system based on improved fuzzy-PID hybrid control has better dynamic and static performance than the system based on conventional fuzzy-PID hybrid control. A new hybrid speed control system of DJ23 DC motor of DDSZ-1 electrical machinery and electrical technology test installation is designed. The system based on this new hybrid speed regulating method has a control unit of the single-chip Atmega128. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor armature voltage, which in turn adjusts the motor speed. The results of the system experiment show that the system is of better robustness and stronger practicality.
Leaching of Zinc Sulfide by <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> : Bacterial Oxidation of the Sulfur Product Layer Increases the Rate of Zinc Sulfide Dissolution at High Concentrations of Ferrous Ions (1999)

This paper reports the results of leaching experiments conducted with and without Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at the same conditions in solution. The extent of leaching of ZnS with bacteria is significantly higher than that without bacteria at high concentrations of ferrous ions. A porous layer of elemental sulfur is present on the surfaces of the chemically leached particles, while no sulfur is present on the surfaces of the bacterially leached particles. The analysis of the data using the shrinking-core model shows that the chemical leaching of ZnS is limited by the diffusion of ferrous ions through the sulfur product layer at high concentrations of ferrous ions. The analysis of the data shows that diffusion through the product layer does not limit the rate of dissolution when bacteria are present. This suggests that the action of T. ferrooxidans in oxidizing the sulfur formed on the particle surface is to remove the barrier to diffusion by ferrous ions.
Design and evaluation of dual inlet ICP torch for low gas consumption (2002)

In this study, we concentrated on improving the vortex flow uniformity, which was considered as a key factor for our new ICP torch design. To obtain a uniform vortex flow with lower plasma gas consumption, our new ICP torch had a dual gas inlet, and convertibility for helium and argon ICP. With this modification, helium ICP was able to operate with a 10–20% lower plasma gas flow rate than our previous torch. To confirm the effects of the dual inlet, the flows were compared using a high-speed video system, and the noise-power spectra of the emission line spectrum of helium and argon were measured. As the result of these measurements, the ICP with the dual inlet had higher frequency of plasma rotation than that of the single inlet torch. It is shown that the dual inlet gives less damping of the plasma gas flow and that adequate vortex flow can be generated with lower plasma gas consumption.
Predicting Coronary Heart Disease (1967)

The probability of the development of coronary heart disease can now be defined with considerable accuracy. The probability of the development of clinical disease in middle-aged men with various combinations of risk factors in the upper range is somewhere between one and two chances in five within a ten-year period. When such men are compared with others in the lower ranges of these variables, their excessive risk is of the order of threefold to tenfold, depending on the selection of predisposing factors and the choice of dividing points between "positive" and "negative" test results. Determining the need for preventive measures in a given individual has, therefore, become a matter of rational and quantitative assessment rather than a decision based on an informed and intelligent guess.
Halophiles 2010: Life in Saline Environments (2010)

The world of halophilic microorganisms is highly diverse. Microbes adapted to life at high salt concentrations are found in all three domains of life: Archaea , Bacteria , and Eucarya . In some ecosystems salt-loving microorganisms live in such large numbers that their presence can be recognized
Cryopreservation of expanded mouse blastocysts by vitrification in ethylene glycol-based solutions (1993)

Experiments were conducted to find optimal conditions for obtaining high survival of expanded mouse blastocysts after vitrification. The vitrification solutions used were designated EFS20, EFS30 and EFS40, and contained 20%, 30% and 40% ethylene glycol, respectively, diluted in PB1 medium containing 30% Ficoll plus 0.5 mol sucrose l-1. In the toxicity test of the solutions and each cryoprotectant, ethylene glycol was found to be toxic to embryos. For vitrification, expanded blastocysts were exposed to the vitrification solutions at 10, 20 or 25 degrees C for various periods; they were then cooled rapidly in liquid nitrogen, after which they were warmed rapidly. When the embryos were directly exposed to EFS40 at 20 degrees C for 2 min before vitrification, 66% of them re-expanded during 48 h of post-warming culture. The re-expansion rates decreased when exposure time was shortened (0.5 min), when exposure temperature was lowered (10 degrees C), or when embryos were vitrified in EFS20 and EFS30, although these conditions should be less toxic. When embryos had been pretreated in a dilute (10-20%) ethylene glycol solution for 5 min, followed by short exposure (0.5 min) to EFS40 at 20 degrees C, post-vitrification survival rate increased to 83-84%; furthermore, the rate reached 94% when the temperature was increased to 25 degrees C. Expanded blastocysts cryopreserved by this two-step method developed into live young as well as control embryos after transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Triglyceride accumulation inhibitory effects of new chromone glycosides from<i>Drynaria fortunei</i> (2015)

Two new chromone glycosides, drynachromosides C (1) and D (2), along with five known chromones (3-7), were isolated from the rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei. The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical property and spectroscopic data. Triglyceride (TG) accumulation inhibitory effects of the obtained chromones on 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The results showed that 1, 2 and 5 exhibited inhibitory activity on TG accumulation. Effects of compounds 1 and 2 on mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and aP2 in 3T3-L1 cells were also investigated.
A New Approach to Polymeric Microlens Array Fabrication Using Soft Replica Molding (2004)

This letter reports a new fabrication method of polymeric, nonspherical microlens arrays based on the soft replica molding process, employing elastomeric molds with desired microlens patterns. The elastomeric molds are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and prepared through an innovative process consisting of excimer laser microdrilling, spin coating, and soft replica molding. The demonstrated microlens arrays, made of polymethylmethacrylate, include three footprints with diameters of 50, 100, and 150 μm. Results show the microlens arrays have both good surface uniformity and high-quality optical properties. The resulting microlenses have focal lengths varying from tens to hundreds of micrometers and present low f-number ranging between 0.8 and 1.5. The facts that the PDMS elastomeric molds are chemically inert and that all processing steps are executed in ambient environment and at low temperature render the proposed approach a potential method for mass production of microlens arrays.
Zika, chikungunya and dengue: the causes and threats of new and re-emerging arboviral diseases (2017)

The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors-Zika, chikungunya, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever and others-is a cause for international concern. Using as examples Zika, chikungunya and dengue, we summarise current knowledge on characteristics of the viruses and their transmission, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, burden, history, possible causes of the spread and the expectation for future epidemics. Arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes, are of difficult diagnosis, can have surprising clinical complications and cause severe burden. The current situation is complex, because there is no vaccine for Zika and chikungunya and no specific treatment for the three arboviruses. Vector control is the only comprehensive solution available now and this remains a challenge because up to now this has not been very effective. Until we develop new technologies of control mosquito populations, the globalised and urbanised world we live in will remain vulnerable to the threat of successive arbovirus epidemics.
Možnosti studia toponym ve vztahu ke krajině, prostoru a identitě (2012)

Place names have been systematically studied by various disciplines, including linguistics, history, geography, and anthropology. Most of these studies have, however, focused on the historical value of place names in documenting language change, the spread of human settlement, distribution of geomorphological objects and the evolution of legal practices in times past. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to contemporary place-naming practi-ces and the role they play in structuring social relations and reproducing social identities. After reviewing the principal linguistic, geographical and anthropological approaches to place names we propose a multidisciplinary approach which should help us better under-stand the importance and significance of place names in the perception and construction of every-day landscapes.
Iridium-catalyzed Vinylic C–H Borylation of Cyclic Vinyl Ethers by Bis(pinacolato)diboron (2008)

Abstract Vinylic C–H borylation of cyclic vinyl ethers by bis(pinacolato)diboron was effectively catalyzed by iridium complexes comprised of 1/2[Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 and 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine in hexane or octane to give the corresponding vinylboron compounds in good yields. The reaction of 1,4-dioxene occurred even at room temperature, whereas the reactions of dihydropyran and dihydrofuran derivatives required a temperature above 80 °C. Although dihydropyran and dihydrofuran themselves produced regioisomeric mixtures of α- and β-borylated products, similar substrates possessing substituents at the γ-position selectively underwent borylation at the α-position.