gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep neural network improves fracture detection by clinicians (2018)

Suspected fractures are among the most common reasons for patients to visit emergency departments (EDs), and X-ray imaging is the primary diagnostic tool used by clinicians to assess patients for fractures. Missing a fracture in a radiograph often has severe consequences for patients, resulting in delayed treatment and poor recovery of function. Nevertheless, radiographs in emergency settings are often read out of necessity by emergency medicine clinicians who lack subspecialized expertise in orthopedics, and misdiagnosed fractures account for upward of four of every five reported diagnostic errors in certain EDs. In this work, we developed a deep neural network to detect and localize fractures in radiographs. We trained it to accurately emulate the expertise of 18 senior subspecialized orthopedic surgeons by having them annotate 135,409 radiographs. We then ran a controlled experiment with emergency medicine clinicians to evaluate their ability to detect fractures in wrist radiographs with and without the assistance of the deep learning model. The average clinician's sensitivity was 80.8% (95% CI, 76.7-84.1%) unaided and 91.5% (95% CI, 89.3-92.9%) aided, and specificity was 87.5% (95 CI, 85.3-89.5%) unaided and 93.9% (95% CI, 92.9-94.9%) aided. The average clinician experienced a relative reduction in misinterpretation rate of 47.0% (95% CI, 37.4-53.9%). The significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy that we observed in this study show that deep learning methods are a mechanism by which senior medical specialists can deliver their expertise to generalists on the front lines of medicine, thereby providing substantial improvements to patient care.
Identification and Introduction of Thornless Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) in Hormozgan, Iran (2012)

Thornless Rodan Lime is a type of Citrus aurantifolium. It was identified during the 8 years study on local genotype of lime. The southern part of Iran has the best environmental condition for the growth and development of lime. Unfortunately, many diseases comprising witch’s broom and CTV (please write full name), and pests such as Hishemonous sp., and Diaphorina citri threatened lime production in this area. Rodan lime tree is a small and bushy tree, with slender branches. The foliage is dense consists of small, pale green, blunt-pointed leaves with narrow-winged petioles. Usually lime (Citrus aurantifolia) has thorns and fruits are seedy but Rodan lime is thornless and seedless. The fruit of Rodan lime is round with soft peel; 1-1.5 mm. thick; a slight nipple at the apex; and the base rounded or faintly necked. Rodan lime has a slow growth rate; it is rich source of vitamin C about 36.6 mg per 100g edible. The flower clusters at the end of the branch and eventually becomes big fruit and average weight of fruit is 30g. Having a thorn less lime would dramatically reduced the cost of cultivation, preservation, harvesting and post harvesting. Introduction and improvement of thornless Rodan lime would have an important role in the development of citrus industry. Moreover, it will also affect the health issues of people because it is rich in vitamin C and it is also used in people’s food and medicine. Keywords: Lime, Citrus aurantifolium, Thornless, Iran
A Series-Connected Topology of a Diode Rectifier and a Voltage-Source Converter for an HVDC Transmission System (2013)

In this letter, a novel converter topology of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission for integrating the offshore wind farm (WF) with the grid is proposed, which consists of a series connection of the 12-pulse diode rectifiers and a voltage-source converter (VSC). For this topology, the PCC (point of common coupling) voltage of the offshore WF side is regulated at a constant magnitude and constant frequency by the WFVSC. Also, the current at the PCC becomes almost sinusoidal since the WFVSC functions as an active power filter for the 11th- and 13th-order harmonic current components. By virtue of the diode rectifier, the cost and power loss of HVDC converters is reduced compared with the case of the conventional fully rated VSC, whereas the performance is kept almost the same. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results for a 500-MW HVDC transmission system have been shown to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.
Electrical properties of polyacetylene with various <i>cis‐trans</i> compositions (1978)

Abstract The electrical conductivity of crystalline polyacetylene films having various cis‐trans compositions was measured. The resistivity and the energy gap of a 92,5% trans polymer were 1,01·10 4 Ω·cm and 0,56 eV, respectively, whereas the values of a 20,0% trans polymer were 2,35·10 8 Ω·cm and 0,93 eV, respectively. These differences are discussed in terms of the effective conjugation length estimated from visible spectra and ESR measurements, and the spacing between molecular planes obtained by x‐ray diffraction measurements.
The kosters interferometer (1957)

R es ul ts are giv en on a n investigation of t he K osters d ou ble-im age pris m . Some of these r es ul ts a re not in harm ony wi t h. t hose give n by ot her i nvest igators. A m odifi cation of t he R osters p ri s m is desc ri bed t hat form s a simple in terferometer t hat is easy to apply to t he tes ting of lenses, mirrors, a nd combin ations of t hese ele ments. A practical tes t is given for d ete rmini ng t he max imum size of t he source t hat is usable in an y interfer ometer .
Phylogeny of <i>Hibiscus </i>sect. <i>Muenchhusia </i>(Malvaceae) Based on Chloroplast <i>rpL16 </i>and <i>ndhF</i>, and Nuclear ITS and GBSSI Sequences (2004)

Abstract Hibiscus section Muenchhusia is a North American taxon with five species as recognized in the most recent taxonomic revision: H. coccineus, H. dasycalyx, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, and H. moscheutos. To investigate the monophyly of Hibiscus section Muenchhusia, its relationship to other Hibiscus species, and the phylogenetic relationships among its species, DNA sequence data were obtained. To investigate the placement of section Muenchhusia within Hibiscus, chloroplast ndhF gene and rpL16 intron sequences were generated and added to a recently published dataset. To investigate relationships within section Muenchhusia three DNA sequence data sets were generated: a non-coding region of the chloroplast genome (rpL16 intron), nuclear ribosomal ITS, and a nuclear gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI). Analyses of ndhF + rpL16 data indicated that section Muenchhusia is indeed monophyletic and is embedded in a clade that includes representatives of Hibiscus section Trionum sensu lato plus...
Physics of mercury-free high-pressure discharge lamps (2002)

This paper gives a summary of recent results about the replacement of mercury in high-pressure discharge lamps by metallic zinc. Actually, this topic is of high relevance for the lighting industry due to the need of more environmentally friendly products. The work presented here is supported by the German government under contract no 13N8072 and 13N8264. Due to upcoming European legislations which are expected for the year 2003, the replacement of mercury in lighting products is a high priority task. For example, mercury-free headlight discharge lamps are requested by the automotive industry.
Syntheses of indoles and carbolines via aminoacetaldehyde acetals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of indoles and carbolines via aminoacetaldehyde acetalsJ. M. Bobbitt, C. L. Kulkarni, C. P. Dutta, Hans Kofod, and Kaolin Ng ChiongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 18, 3541–3544Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00412a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00412a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views676Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Always-On 674uW @ 4GOP/s Error Resilient Binary Neural Networks with Aggressive SRAM Voltage Scaling on a 22nm IoT End-Node (2020)

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) have been shown to be robust to random bit-level noise, making aggressive voltage scaling attractive as a power-saving technique for both logic and SRAMs. In this work, we introduce the first fully programmable IoT end-node system-on-chip (SoC) capable of executing software-defined, hardware-accelerated BNNs at ultra-low voltage. Our SoC exploits a hybrid memory scheme where error-vulnerable SRAMs are complemented by reliable standard-cell memories to safely store critical data under aggressive voltage scaling. On a prototype in 22nm FDX technology, we demonstrate that both the logic and SRAM voltage can be dropped to 0.5Vwithout any accuracy penalty on a BNN trained for the CIFAR-10 dataset, improving energy efficiency by 2.2X w.r.t. nominal conditions. Furthermore, we show that the supply voltage can be dropped to 0.42V (50% of nominal) while keeping more than99% of the nominal accuracy (with a bit error rate ~1/1000). In this operating point, our prototype performs 4Gop/s (15.4Inference/s on the CIFAR-10 dataset) by computing up to 13binary ops per pJ, achieving 22.8 Inference/s/mW while keeping within a peak power envelope of 674uW - low enough to enable always-on operation in ultra-low power smart cameras, long-lifetime environmental sensors, and insect-sized pico-drones.
Molecular Cloning of a New Interferon-induced PML Nuclear Body-associated Protein (1997)

Transcriptional induction of genes is an essential part of the cellular response to interferons. We have established a cDNA library from human lymphoblastoid Daudi cells treated for 16 h with human alpha/beta-interferon (IFN) and made use of differential screening to search for as yet unidentified IFN-regulated genes. In the course of this study, we have isolated a human cDNA that codes for a 20-kDa protein sharing striking homology with the product of the Xenopus laevis XPMC2 gene. This new gene is induced by both type I and II IFNs in various cell lines and will be referred to as ISG20 for interferon-stimulated gene product of 20 kDa. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of the subcellular localization of ISG20 protein reveals that it is closely associated with PML and SP100 gene products within the large nuclear matrix-associated multiprotein complexes termed the PML nuclear bodies.
Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB by the adenovirus E3/19K protein requires its ER retention. (1996)

We have recently shown that the accumulation of diverse viral and cellular membrane proteins in the ER activates the higher eukaryotic transcription factor NF-kappaB. This defined a novel ER-nuclear signal transduction pathway, which is distinct from the previously described unfolded protein response (UPR). The well characterized UPR pathway is activated by the presence of un- or malfolded proteins in the ER. In contrast, the ER stress signal which activates the NF-kappaB pathway is not known. Here we used the adenovirus early region protein E3/19K as a model to investigate the nature of the NF-kappaB-activating signal emitted by the ER. E3/19K resides in the endoplasmic reticulum where it binds to MHC class I molecules, thereby preventing their transport to the cell surface. It is maintained in the ER by a retention signal sequence in its carboxy terminus, which causes the protein to be continuously retrieved to the ER from post-ER compartments. Mutation of this sequence allows E3/19K to reach the cell surface. We show here that expression of E3/19K potently activates a functional NF-kappaB transcription factor. The activated NF-kappaB complexes contained p50/p65 and p50/c-rel heterodimers. E3/19K interaction with MHC class I was not important for NF-kappaB activation since mutant proteins which no longer bind MHC molecules remained fully capable of inducing NF-kappaB. However, activation of both NF-kappaB DNA binding and kappaB-dependent transactivation relied on E3/19K ER retention: mutants, which were expressed on the cell surface, could no longer activate the transcription factor. This identifies the NF-kappaB-activating signal as the accumulation of proteins in the ER membrane, a condition we have termed "ER overload." We show that ER overload-mediated NF-kappaB activation but not TNF-stimulated NF-kappaB induction can be inhibited by the intracellular Ca2+ chelator TMB-8. Moreover, treatment of cells with two inhibitors of the ER-resident Ca(2+) -dependent ATPase, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, which causes a rapid release of Ca2+ from the ER, strongly activated NF-kappaB. We therefore propose that ER overload activates NF-kappaB by causing Ca2+ release from the ER. Because NF-kappaB plays a key role in mounting an immune response, ER overload caused by viral proteins may constitute a simple antiviral response with broad specificity.
Neural Illumination: Lighting Prediction for Indoor Environments (2019)

This paper addresses the task of estimating the light arriving from all directions to a 3D point observed at a selected pixel in an RGB image. This task is challenging because it requires predicting a mapping from a partial RGB observation by a camera to a complete illumination map for a different 3D point, which depends on the 3D location of the selected pixel, the distribution of unobserved light sources, the occlusions by scene geometry, etc. Previous methods attempt to learn this complex mapping directly using a single black-box neural network which often fails to estimate high-frequency lighting details for scenes with complicated 3D geometry. Instead, we propose "Neural Illumination," a new approach that decomposes illumination prediction into several simpler differentiable sub-tasks: 1) geometry estimation, 2) scene completion, and 3) LDR-to-HDR estimation. The advantage of this approach is that the sub-tasks are relatively easy to learn and can be trained with direct supervision, while the whole pipeline is fully differentiable and can be fine-tuned with end-to-end supervision. Experiments show that our approach performs significantly better quantitatively and qualitatively than prior work.
Dynamics of Self-Assembled Chaining in Magnetorheological Fluids (2003)

The aggregation dynamics of paramagnetic spherical particles embedded in a viscous fluid is investigated via numerical simulations using a fully coupled three-dimensional model. Particles experience simultaneously Brownian motion, dipolar magnetic attraction, and multibody hydrodynamic interactions. When the dipole strength characterizing the ratio of magnetic attraction to random diffusion exceeds a critical value, particles join together forming supraparticle structures. As time evolves, particle/chain and chain/ chain interactions lead to a continuous increase of the cluster size. The mean length of particle chains has a power-law dependence with respect to time, as predicted by the theory of diffusion-limited aggregation. Both the exponent and the characteristic time scale agree very well with the experimental results of Promislow et al.
Electron transfer and back electron transfer in photoexcited ion pairs: forward and back directions have different maximum rates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron transfer and back electron transfer in photoexcited ion pairs: forward and back directions have different maximum ratesChaofeng Zou, Jeffrey B. Miers, Richard M. Ballew, Dana D. Dlott, and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 20, 7823–7825Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a088RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (383 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Simulating fluorescent microscope images of cell populations (2005)

High-throughput cell measurement techniques producing images of cell populations have raised a need for accurate automated image analysis methods. Validating the analysis methods used for automated cytometry is an issue yet to be solved. Manual validation, being an exhaustively laborious task, enables comparison but does not provide solution for large scale analysis. By creating a parametric model for cell shape, and simulating images of cell populations including errors and aberrations caused by the measurement system, validation of different image analysis methods is enabled. As a result, studies with large populations, where the number of cells and many other key parameters are user-tunable, can be carried out by using simulated cell population images. The cell image simulator, as well as validation case studies for segmentation and image restoration are presented.
Human-Animal Interaction (2003)

There is growing and widespread use of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) techniques among cancer patients. The National Cancer Institute recognizes a myriad of CAM techniques that may be used. Research demonstrates that cancer patients use these techniques to try to regain control of their disease process and treatment and to facilitate quality of life. The purpose of this article is to discuss the uses of CAM among cancer patients and to present findings of a pilot study in which cancer patients being treated in an inpatient hospital unit were randomly assigned to receive either a brief visit from a trained visitor dog and its handler, a visit from a friendly human visitor, or a session of quiet reading. Findings revealed that those who received the dog visit were more likely to view the visit as part of their therapy and were more likely to tell another person about the visit.
Brain remodeling due to neuronal and astrocytic proliferation after controlled cortical injury in mice (2001)

The persistence of neural stem cells into adulthood has been an area of intense investigation in recent years. There is limited knowledge about how an acquired brain injury might affect the ability of neural precursor cells to proliferate and repopulate injured areas. In the present study we utilize a controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in adult mice and subsequent BrdU labeling to demonstrate that there is significant proliferation of neural precursors in response to traumatic brain injury in areas both proximal and distal to the injury site. The fate of the proximal proliferation is almost exclusively astrocytic at 60-days post injury and demonstrates that newly generated cells make up much of the astrogliotic scar. Moreover, in areas more distal from the injury site, neurogenesis occurs within the granular layer of the dentate gyrus at a level more than five-fold greater than in controls. These data demonstrate that neural proliferation plays key roles in the remodeling that occurs after traumatic brain injury and suggests a mechanism as to how functional recovery after traumatic brain injuries continues to occur long after the injury itself.
A 200kW wind turbine power chain (2009)

This paper presents a modern configuration of the power chain for a high power wind turbine machine using permanent magnet generator. A test setup is shown and device specifications are described. Advantages of using Direct Drive Generators are also shown. The discussion on the use of SRG is proposed. It provides a low speed solution of the wind turbine power converter design.
Loss Differentiation Algorithms Vs Congestion Control Schemes: Dynamics and Performance (2010)

This paper carefully analyzes the behaviour of different congestion control schemes when used in combination with Loss Differentiation Algorithm. Three types of congestion schemes are discussed: delay-based, bandwidth estimation and AIMD, with one TCP variant representing each congestion scheme. We simulated two network scenarios with diverse link and traffic properties and evaluated the congestion schemes with integrated Loss Differentiation Algorithm in each of them. The integrated Loss Differentiation Algorithm is ideal, i.e. it makes no errors in its judgement. The behaviour of the schemes is analyzed from aspect of: the properties of the employed mathematical functions, the effect of presence or absence of additional network load (reverse and background traffic), and the achieved throughput. The results show very diverse scene and pinpoint the importance of the careful and delicate design of the congestion avoidance action when a non-congestion loss is detected.
<i>In situ</i> silicon oxide based intermediate reflector for thin-film silicon micromorph solar cells (2007)

We show that SiO-based intermediate reflectors (SOIRs) can be fabricated in the same reactor and with the same process gases as used for thin-film silicon solar cells. By varying input gas ratios, SOIR layers with a wide range of optical and electrical properties are obtained. The influence of the SOIR thickness in the micromorph cell is studied and current gain and losses are discussed. Initial micromorph cell efficiency of 12.2% (Voc=1.40V, fill factor=71.9%, and Jsc=12.1mA∕cm2) is achieved with top cell, SOIR, and bottom cell thicknesses of 270, 95, and 1800nm, respectively.