gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced neuronal damage by co‐administration of quinolinic acid and free radicals, and protection by adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonists (2002)

1. Quinolinic acid may be an important endogenous excitotoxin, but its concentrations in brain are low. We have therefore attempted to determine whether its neurotoxicity can be increased by the simultaneous presence of free radicals. 2. Quinolinic acid was injected into the hippocampus of anaesthetized rats at doses of 40 and 80 nmols which produced little neuronal loss, and 120 nmols which produced over 90% neuronal loss. 3. A mixture of xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a known source of free radical reactive oxygen species, also generated little damage alone, but killed over 80% of CA1 neurons when combined with 80 nmols of quinolinic acid. Similarly, the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) potentiated the damage produced by quinolinic acid. 4. The glutamate antagonist 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid prevented the damage produced by 120 nmols of quinolinic acid, but not that produced by quinolinic acid plus xanthine/xanthine oxidase, indicating that damage was not simply the result of free radical enhancement of NMDA receptor activation. 5. Three chemically dissimilar antagonists at adenosine A(2A) receptors prevented the damage caused by quinolinic acid and xanthine/xanthine oxidase or by quinolinic acid plus SNAP. 6. It is concluded that reactive oxygen species can potentiate the neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid. The site of interaction is probably distal to the NMDA receptor. Blockade of adenosine A(2A) receptors can protect against this combined damage, suggesting potential value in the prevention of brain damage.
Lack of Carbamazepine Toxicity in Frail Nursing Home Patients: A Controlled Study (1995)

The findings indicate that carbamazepine in this dose range was well tolerated for the 5-week treatment period in this frail sample. These data supplement the literature regarding carbamazepine toxicity, which is devoid of controlled studies in older subjects.
Immunization of Cows with Ferric Enterobactin Receptor from Coliform Bacteria (1998)

The serum and milk immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses of lactating dairy cows were determined following immunization with ferric enterobactin receptor FepA. Escherichia coli 471 was cultured in iron-depleted medium, and outer membrane proteins were extracted by 2% N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt and 2% Triton X-100. The FepA was isolated from the outer membrane proteins by ion-exchange chromatography. Twenty cows were assigned to four treatment groups of 5 cows blocked by breed and days in milk. Treatment groups were vaccinated with 100 micrograms of FepA, 500 micrograms of FepA, Escherichia coli J5 bacterin, or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Primary immunization was at approximately 200 d in milk, and booster immunizations were given 14 and 28 d later. Serum and whey IgG titers to FepA in cows vaccinated with FepA were significantly higher than those from cows vaccinated with either E. coli J5 bacterin or phosphate-buffered saline. Serum and whey IgG titers to FepA were elevated by 14 d in cows vaccinated with FepA. Significant differences were not observed between doses of FepA. The degree of cross-reactivity of purified IgG from cows vaccinated with FepA to E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was significantly higher than that to a control isolate that lacked FepA production. Immunization with FepA elicited an immunological response in serum and milk.
Proteome analysis of the xylose‐fermenting mutant yeast strain TMB 3400 (2009)

Xylose fermentation in yeast has been a target of research for years, yet not all the factors that may affect xylose fermentation performance of yeast strains are known. In this study, the mutant S. cerevisiae strain TMB 3400, which has good xylose fermentation properties, was compared with its parental strain to examine the factors behind the improved xylose utilization at protein level. The proteome of the parental and the mutant strains were characterized by difference in gel electrophoresis (DiGE) to quantitatively identify proteins that are expressed at altered levels in the mutant. The most significant changes detected by proteome analysis were the 6-10-fold increased levels of xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and transketolase (Tkl1) in the mutant, which is in accordance with previous knowledge about xylose metabolism in yeast. The level of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald6) was also significantly increased. In addition, several proteins homologous to proteins from yeast species other than S. cerevisiae were identified in both strains, demonstrating the genetic heterogeneity of industrial yeast strains. The results were also compared with a previously reported transcription analysis performed with identical experimental set-up; however, very little correlation between the two datasets was observed. The results of the proteome analysis were in good agreement with a parallel study in which rationally designed overexpression of XR, XDH and the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway resulted in similar improvement in xylose utilization, which demonstrates the usefulness of proteome analysis for the identification of target genes for further metabolic engineering strategies in industrial yeast strains.
The Dormancy Dilemma: Quiescence versus Balanced Proliferation (2013)

Metastatic dissemination with subsequent clinical outgrowth leads to the greatest part of morbidity and mortality from most solid tumors. Even more daunting is that many of these metastatic deposits silently lie undetected, recurring years to decades after primary tumor extirpation by surgery or radiation (termed metastatic dormancy). As primary tumors are frequently curable, a critical focus now turns to preventing the lethal emergence from metastatic dormancy. Current carcinoma treatments include adjuvant therapy intended to kill the cryptic metastatic tumor cells. Because such standard therapies mainly kill cycling cells, this approach carries an implicit assumption that metastatic cells are in the mitogenic cycle. Thus, the pivotal question arises as to whether clinically occult micrometastases survive in a state of balanced proliferation and death, or whether these cells undergo at least long periods of quiescence marked by cell-cycle arrest. The treatment implications are thus obvious—if the carcinoma cells are cycling then therapies should target cycling cells, whereas if cells are quiescent then therapies should either maintain dormancy or be toxic to dormant cells. Because this distinction is paramount to rational therapeutic development and administration, we investigated whether quiescence or balanced proliferation is the most likely etiology underlying metastatic dormancy. We recently published a computer simulation study that determined that balanced proliferation is not the likely driving force and that quiescence most likely participates in metastatic dormancy. As such, a greater emphasis on developing diagnostics and therapeutics for quiescent carcinomas is needed.
<title>Perceptually lossy compression of documents</title> (1997)

The main cost of owning a facsimile machine consists of the telephone charges for the communications, thus short transmission times are a key feature for facsimile machines. Similarly, on a packet-routed service such as the Internet, a low number of packets is essential to avoid operator wait times. Concomitantly, the user expectations have increased considerably. In facsimile, the switch from binary to full color increases the data size by a factor of 24. On the Internet, the switch from plain text American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoded files to files marked up in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) with ample embedded graphics has increased the size of transactions by several orders of magnitude. A common compressing method for raster files in these applications in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) method, because efficient implementations are readily available. In this method the implementors design the discrete quantization tables (DQT) and the Huffman tables (HT) to maximize the compression factor while maintaining the introduced artifacts at the threshold of perceptual detectability. Unfortunately the achieved compression rates are unsatisfactory for applications such as color facsimile and World Wide Web (W3) browsing. We present a design methodology for image-independent DQTs that while producing perceptually lossy data, does not impair the reading performance of users. Combined with a text sharpening algorithm that compensates for scanning device limitations, the methodology presented in this paper allows us to achieve compression ratios near 1:100.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radio-Frequency-Free Cell for Electron Capture Dissociation in Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2008)

A radio frequency-free (RFF), analyzer-independent cell has been devised for electron-capture dissociation (ECD) of ions. The device is based on interleaving a series of electrostatic lenses with the periodic structure of magnetostatic lenses commonly found in a traveling wave tube. The RFF electrostatic/magnetostatic ECD cell was installed in a Finnigan TSQ700 ESI triple quadrupole (QqQ) spectrometer, and its performance was evaluated by recording product-ion spectra of doubly protonated substance P, doubly protonated gramicidin S, doubly protonated neurotensin, and triply protonated neurotensin. These spectra were readily obtained without recourse to a buffering gas or synchronizing electron injection with a specific phase of an RF field. The mass spectra produced with the modified instrument appear in all respects (other than resolution and mass accuracy, which were limited by the mass spectrometer used) to be at least as good for purposes of peptide identification as those recorded with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) instruments; however, the effort and time to produce the mass spectra were much less than required to produce their FT ICR counterparts. The cell's design and compact construction should allow it to be incorporated at relatively little cost into virtually any type of tandem mass spectrometer, for example, triple quadrupole, hybrid quadrupole ion trap, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight, or even FT-ICR.
INDUCTION OF THE UROTHELIAL DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAM IN THE ABSENCE OF STROMAL CUES (2005)

These results indicate that primary and immortalized human urothelial cells have the capacity to enter the urothelial differentiation program and such entry does not require inductive signals from stroma. Furthermore, these data suggest that p21 and p27 have distinct roles in regulating the urothelial cell cycle.
Decreased GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors in the cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in Autism (2010)

Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder and among its symptoms are disturbances in face and emotional processing. Emerging evidence demonstrates abnormalities in the GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system in autism, which likely contributes to these deficits. GABA(B) receptors play an important role in modulating synapses and maintaining the balance of excitation-inhibition in the brain. The density of GABA(B) receptors in subjects with autism and matched controls was quantified in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, important for socio-emotional and cognitive processing, and the fusiform gyrus, important for identification of faces and facial expressions. Significant reductions in GABA(B) receptor density were demonstrated in all three regions examined suggesting that alterations in this key inhibitory receptor subtype may contribute to the functional deficits in individuals with autism. Interestingly, the presence of seizure in a subset of autism cases did not have a significant effect on the density of GABA(B) receptors in any of the three regions.
Method for optimizing equipment cooling effectiveness and HVAC cooling costs in telecom and data centers. (2008)

Today's critical high-density electronic equipment environments need adequate equipment (rack) cooling without excessive energy usage. This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the rack cooling effectiveness and HVAC cooling costs in telecom and data centers. Since raised-floor air distribution is the most common way of cooling data centers, this scheme is used here to demonstrate the methodology. Two key design parameters are evaluated. The supply air temperature and the supply airflow rate. These parameters not only impact the rack cooling effectiveness but also the energy costs for cooling the space.
Severe Dermatologic Reactions at Multiple Sites After Paclitaxel Administration (2004)

Generalized dermatologic toxicity after paclitaxel administration is uncommon and seems to be immunologically mediated. This toxicity could be secondary to paclitaxel or the additives. The use of paclitaxel is increasing in various malignancies. Newer formulations are under development. Until these formulations are available, clinicians should report any dermatologic reactions in order to identify the cause of toxicity and develop safer administration technique.
Photonic gateway: TDM-to-WDM-to-TDM conversion and reconversion at 40 Gbit/s (4 channels × 10 Gbits/s) (2002)

A photonic gateway that performs conversion and reconversion of 40-Gbit/s (4-channel×10-Gbit/s) TDM-to-WDM-to-TDM by use of only data-signal-induced supercontinuum light sources is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on ultrafast photonic processing in both the time domain and the frequency domain, namely, optical time gating along with time shifting in the time domain, and supercontinuum generation followed by spectrum slicing in the frequency domain. A strict transparency to the bit rate and potential in ultrahigh-speed TDM-to-DWDM distinguish this conversion scheme.
Transannular reactions of dibenzo[a,d]cycloalkenes. 2. Synthesis of bridgehead substituted dibenzo[a,d]cycloalkenimines by a regiospecific transannular amine to olefin addition (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransannular reactions of dibenzo[a,d]cycloalkenes. 2. Synthesis of bridgehead substituted dibenzo[a,d]cycloalkenimines by a regiospecific transannular amine to olefin additionBen E. Evans, Paul S. Anderson, Marcia E. Christy, C. Dylion Colton, David C. Remy, Kenneth E. Rittle, and Edward L. EngelhardtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 18, 3127–3135Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01332a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01332a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of atopic dermatitis (2012)

Atopic dermatitis now affects one in five children, and may progress to asthma and hay fever. In the absence of effective treatments that influence disease progression, prevention is a highly desirable goal. The evidence for most existing disease prevention strategies, such as avoidance of allergens and dietary interventions, has been unconvincing and inconsistent. Fresh approaches to prevention include trying to induce tolerance to allergens in early life, and enhancing the defective skin barrier to reduce skin inflammation, sensitisation and subsequent allergic disease. Early and aggressive treatment of atopic dermatitis represents another possible secondary prevention strategy that could interrupt the development of autoimmunity, which may account for atopic dermatitis persistence. Large scale and long term randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate that these ideas result in clinical benefit.
Intramural Delivery of Recombinant Apolipoprotein A-I <sub>Milano</sub> /Phospholipid Complex (ETC-216) Inhibits In-Stent Stenosis in Porcine Coronary Arteries (2003)

A single intramural administration of ETC-216 significantly inhibited injury-induced luminal narrowing in the porcine stent overstretch model through reduction of intimal hyperplasia. These data show that local intracoronary delivery of ETC-216 may be useful to prevent restenosis after coronary stenting.
A Real-World Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Testing versus PCR Testing in Florida (2021)

The reported sensitivity of rapid, antigen-based diagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection varies. Few studies have evaluated rapid antigen tests in real-world settings or among large populations. Beginning October 2020, Florida offered individuals presenting for SARS-CoV-2 testing PCR testing if they tested positive by the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 antigen (Ag) card, were symptomatic, or required or requested PCR testing. We compared results among individuals who received both types of tests at four publicly accessible testing sites across Florida. We calculated the positive percent agreement (PPA) between the two test types by symptom status. Subsequently, we evaluated the PPA among individuals regardless of symptoms with lower cycle threshold values (<30). Overall, 18,457 individuals were tested via both methods, of which 3,153 (17.1%) were positive by PCR. The PPA for the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card using the PCR comparator was 49.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4% to 50.9%). Among symptomatic individuals the PPA was 51.9% (95% CI, 49.7% to 54.0%). When restricted to positive PCR tests with a cycle threshold value of <30, regardless of symptom status, the PPA was 75.3% (95% CI, 72.8% to 77.6%). The PPA of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card compared with PCR was lower than that previously reported. Our findings may reflect the performance of the BinaxNOW antigen test in real-world settings.
Smooth operator: Smoothing seismic interpretations and attributes (2007)

As seismic interpreters, we regularly smooth our interpretations to iron out the noise. But do you ever think about the filter you use? It's probably a black box called “Smooth,” and you may not know exactly what it does. Indeed, you might be better off with a Gaussian or a Kuwahara filter, or maybe one of the dozens of others. This brief review of some common smoothing filters, and some less common ones, will help you make the right choice.
Target RNA–Directed Trimming and Tailing of Small Silencing RNAs (2010)

In Drosophila, microRNAs (miRNAs) typically guide Argonaute1 to repress messenger RNA (mRNA), whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide Argonaute2 to destroy viral and transposon RNA. Unlike siRNAs, miRNAs rarely form extensive numbers of base pairs to the mRNAs they regulate. We find that extensive complementarity between a target RNA and an Argonaute1-bound miRNA triggers miRNA tailing and 3'-to-5' trimming. In flies, Argonaute2-bound small RNAs--but not those bound to Argonaute1--bear a 2'-O-methyl group at their 3' ends. This modification blocks target-directed small RNA remodeling: In flies lacking Hen1, the enzyme that adds the 2'-O-methyl group, Argonaute2-associated siRNAs are tailed and trimmed. Target complementarity also affects small RNA stability in human cells. These results provide an explanation for the partial complementarity between animal miRNAs and their targets.
Network operator requirements for the next generation of optical access networks (2012)

This article describes FSAN operator perspectives on the drivers and system requirements for fiber access beyond 10-Gigabit-class PON systems (i.e., NG-PON2 in FSAN terminology). Additionally, a review of potential solutions in scope for NG-PON2 is given in the context of these operator drivers and requirements.
A reaction norm model for genomic selection using high-dimensional genomic and environmental data (2013)

New methods that incorporate the main and interaction effects of high-dimensional markers and of high-dimensional environmental covariates gave increased prediction accuracy of grain yield in wheat across and within environments. In most agricultural crops the effects of genes on traits are modulated by environmental conditions, leading to genetic by environmental interaction (G × E). Modern genotyping technologies allow characterizing genomes in great detail and modern information systems can generate large volumes of environmental data. In principle, G × E can be accounted for using interactions between markers and environmental covariates (ECs). However, when genotypic and environmental information is high dimensional, modeling all possible interactions explicitly becomes infeasible. In this article we show how to model interactions between high-dimensional sets of markers and ECs using covariance functions. The model presented here consists of (random) reaction norm where the genetic and environmental gradients are described as linear functions of markers and of ECs, respectively. We assessed the proposed method using data from Arvalis, consisting of 139 wheat lines genotyped with 2,395 SNPs and evaluated for grain yield over 8 years and various locations within northern France. A total of 68 ECs, defined based on five phases of the phenology of the crop, were used in the analysis. Interaction terms accounted for a sizable proportion (16 %) of the within-environment yield variance, and the prediction accuracy of models including interaction terms was substantially higher (17-34 %) than that of models based on main effects only. Breeding for target environmental conditions has become a central priority of most breeding programs. Methods, like the one presented here, that can capitalize upon the wealth of genomic and environmental information available, will become increasingly important.
PROTON: a parallel detailed router on an MIMD parallel machine (2002)

The authors describe a novel parallel detailed router named PROTON (parallel router on a parallel machine) with various new features. These features include: a parallelized line search algorithm based on parallel breadth first search; extraction of a higher degree of parallelism by simultaneous routing of multiple nets using the result of the global router; a parallel router on a quasi-shared-memory based MIMD parallel machine; and a detailed router supporting multilayer channelless gate arrays with complex industrial design rules. PROTON is implemented on an MIMD parallel machine named Cenju, which consists of 64 microprocessors. In order to improve routing speed, PROTON incorporates two levels of parallelism, namely magnet parallelism and net level parallelism. A speedup of 43 times has been achieved using 64 processors for a medium-scale channelless gate array (1537*1790 grids, 12591 pin pairs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>