gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Use Evaluation of Fuel Economy and Emissions from Coal Haul Trucks Using Modified SAE J1321 Procedures and PEMS (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel equipment owners often desire knowledge of the direct feasibility and impacts of different technologies, retrofits, or fuels on their fleet under their specific operating conditions. This is now possible with the advent of portable emissions measurement systems and other in-use measurement technologies. The SAE <a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1321" target="_blank">J1321</a> Fuel Economy Test and Title 40 CFR 1065 in-use emissions testing procedures were adapted for use in an off-road mining haul truck environment over long time periods. Fuel consumption was directly measured using coriolis mass flow meters on two pairs of test and control trucks. Gaseous emissions were also measured with a Horiba OBS-2200 portable emissions measurement system. Testing was completed under steady state loads analogous to laboratory dynamometer modal tests and during normal in-use operations for 12 hour test periods with real-time emissions and fuel consumption data obtained. Fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and total hydrocarbon emissions correlated well with typical levels and the manufacturer's certifications for this engine family. Analysts also compared engine control module fuel consumption data to coriolis meter fuel consumption data, and found reasonable agreement at high power settings. The in-use data also allowed evaluation of fuel consumption and emissions profiles over entire vehicle duty cycles. This provides indicators to help train operators and plan mine layouts to minimize driving conditions where high emissions or fuel consumption occur.</div>
Representing Domain Knowledge by Concept Maps: How to Validate Them? (2005)

Abstract: For one and the same domain several alternative concept maps may exist, originating from different world views or purposes. Some of these concept maps may be valid, however not all of them. Thus, strategies for empirically and objectively validating concept maps in the respective context are necessary. We outline two methodological approaches for empirically validating concept maps, one for giving evidence of content validity and one for application validity. One procedure is to validate a given concept map with concept maps systematically generated by others. As a second method we suggest to observe the behaviour and the performance in a relevant situational context as a validation criterion. In this scope, a method for predicting persons ’ problem solving behaviour by using a given concept map is outlined. In general, the purpose and ultimate use of a given concept map has to be taken into consideration for choosing a validation procedure and interpreting its results.
Intracoronary administration of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells improves left ventricular function, perfusion, and remodelling after acute myocardial infarction (2007)

This is the first study to show that not only bone marrow-derived cells but also ADSCs engrafted in the infarct region 4 weeks after intracoronary cell transplantation and improved cardiac function and perfusion via angiogenesis.
Synthesis of core-shell gold coated magnetic nanoparticles and their interaction with thiolated DNA (2010)

Core-shell magnetic nanoparticles have received significant attention recently and are actively investigated owing to their large potential for a variety of applications. Here, the synthesis and characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles containing a magnetic core and a gold shell are discussed. The gold shell facilitates, for example, the conjugation of thiolated biological molecules to the surface of the nanoparticles. The composite nanoparticles were produced by the reduction of a gold salt on the surface of pre-formed cobalt or magnetite nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and super-conducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The spectrographic data revealed the simultaneous presence of cobalt and gold in 5.6±0.8 nm alloy nanoparticles, and demonstrated the presence of distinct magnetite and gold phases in 9.2±1.3 nm core-shell magnetic nanoparticles. The cobalt-gold nanoparticles were of similar size to the cobalt seed, while the magnetite-gold nanoparticles were significantly larger than the magnetic seeds, indicating that different processes are responsible for the addition of the gold shell. The effect on the magnetic properties by adding a layer of gold to the cobalt and magnetite nanoparticles was studied. The functionalization of the magnetic nanoparticles is demonstrated through the conjugation of thiolated DNA to the gold shell.
A beamforming network for a compact circular switched-beam array antenna (2003)

This paper reports on the design and development of a beamforming network for a compact 8-element switched-beam array antenna for use with the Australian mobile satellite communications system, Mobilesat/sup TM/. The device is formed by a switched 8-way-2-elements-on radial divider/combiner and eight 1-bit phase shifters and is capable of generating 24 individual beams. The experimental results for the beamforming network as well as for the entire array are presented.
Transition Metal Complexes of Alkyl Phosphites (1967)

The rapid, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the polycyclic phosphite 2,8,9-trioxa-1-phosphaadamantane (L) produces two isomeric hydrolysates, 3-α-oxo-3-β-hydrido-7-β-hydroxy-2,4-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo (3.3.1) nonane (Isomer A), and 3-β-oxo-3-α-hydrido-7-β-hydroxy-2,4-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo (3.3.1) nonane (Isomer B), the configurations of which were tentatively postulated on the basis of infrared and PNMR spectra. Each isomer dehydrates to L under vacuum at 120°C, as well as in the presence of Cu+2 or Ph3C+1 ions to give [CuL4]+1 and [Ph3CL]+1, respectively. With hydrated metal ions, L forms complexes of the general formula [M(L·H2O)4](X2), where X = BF4- or ClO4- and M = Mn+2, Zn+2, Fe+2, and Cd+2. Of the isomers, only A forms the identical complexes with these ions as well as Ni+2. Infrared evidence is presented which is consistent with the postulate that L·H2O is an enolform of A bound to the metal through phosphorus.
Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications (2017)

The covered topics include: (1) introduction to the famous Bitcoin crypto-currency and the underlying blockchain technology; (2) features of blockchain; (3) review of alternative blockchain technologies; (4) emerging nonfinancial distributed ledger technologies and applications; (5) benefits of blockchain for biomedical/health care applications when compared to traditional distributed databases; (6) overview of the latest biomedical/health care applications of blockchain technologies; and (7) discussion of the potential challenges and proposed solutions of adopting blockchain technologies in biomedical/health care domains.
Temporal index sharding for space-time efficiency in archive search (2011)

Time-travel queries that couple temporal constraints with keyword queries are useful in searching large-scale archives of time-evolving content such as the web archives or wikis. Typical approaches for efficient evaluation of these queries involve slicing either the entire collection [20] or individual index lists [10] along the time-axis. Both these methods are not satisfactory since they sacrifice compactness of index for processing efficiency making them either too big or, otherwise, too slow.
How to Compute Equilibrium Prices in 1891 (2011)

Irving Fisher's Ph.D. thesis, submitted to Yale University in 1891, contains a fully articulated general equilibrium model presented with the broad scope and formal mathematical clarity associated with Walras and his successors. In addition, Fisher presents a remarkable hydraulic apparatus for calculating equilibrium prices and the resulting distribution of society's endowments among the agents in the economy. In this paper we provide an analytical description of Fisher's apparatus, and report the results of simulating the mechanical/hydraulic "machine, " illustrating the ability of the apparatus to "compute" equilibrium prices and also to find multiple equilibria.
Some Observations on Carbon Black (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Observations on Carbon BlackG. M. Carson and L. B. SebrellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 10, 911–914Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50238a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50238a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Promising Results from Three NASA SBIR Solar Array Technology Development Programs (2005)

Results from three NASA SBIR solar array technology programs are presented. The programs discussed are: 1) Thin Film Photovoltaic UltraFlex Solar Array; 2) Low Cost/Mass Electrostatically Clean Solar Array (ESCA); and 3) Stretched Lens Array SquareRigger (SLASR). The purpose of the Thin Film UltraFlex (TFUF) Program is to mature and validate the use of advanced flexible thin film photovoltaics blankets as the electrical subsystem element within an UltraFlex solar array structural system. In this program operational prototype flexible array segments, using United Solar amorphous silicon cells, are being manufactured and tested for the flight qualified UltraFlex structure. In addition, large size (e.g. 10 kW GEO) TFUF wing systems are being designed and analyzed. Thermal cycle and electrical test and analysis results from the TFUF program are presented. The purpose of the second program entitled, Low Cost/Mass Electrostatically Clean Solar Array (ESCA) System, is to develop an Electrostatically Clean Solar Array meeting NASA s design requirements and ready this technology for commercialization and use on the NASA MMS and GED missions. The ESCA designs developed use flight proven materials and processes to create a ESCA system that yields low cost, low mass, high reliability, high power density, and is adaptable to any cell type and coverglass thickness. All program objectives, which included developing specifications, creating ESCA concepts, concept analysis and trade studies, producing detailed designs of the most promising ESCA treatments, manufacturing ESCA demonstration panels, and LEO (2,000 cycles) and GEO (1,350 cycles) thermal cycling testing of the down-selected designs were successfully achieved. The purpose of the third program entitled, "High Power Platform for the Stretched Lens Array," is to develop an extremely lightweight, high efficiency, high power, high voltage, and low stowed volume solar array suitable for very high power (multi-kW to MW) applications. These objectives are achieved by combining two cutting edge technologies, the SquareRigger solar array structure and the Stretched Lens Array (SLA). The SLA SquareRigger solar array is termed SLASR. All program objectives, which included developing specifications, creating preliminary designs for a near-term SLASR, detailed structural, mass, power, and sizing analyses, fabrication and power testing of a functional flight-like SLASR solar blanket, were successfully achieved.
Multiple determination of the optical constants of thin-film coating materials (1984)

The seven participating laboratories received films of two different thicknesses of Sc2O3 and Rh. All samples of each material were prepared in a single deposition run. Brief descriptions are given of the various methods used for determination of the optical constants of these coating materials. The measurement data are presented, and the results are compared. The mean of the variances of the Sc2O3 refractive-index determinations in the 0.40–0.75-nm spectral region was 0.03. The corresponding variances for the refractive index and absorption coefficient of Rh were 0.35 and 0.26, respectively.
Levofloxacin and Trovafloxacin Inhibition of Experimental Fracture-Healing (2003)

We previously have shown that experimental fractures exposed to ciprofloxacin have diminished fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of levofloxacin and trovafloxacin on experimental fracture healing to test the hypothesis that diminished fracture healing is a quinolone class effect. Sixty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, which received 25 mg/kg of levofloxacin twice daily for 3 weeks, 35 mg/kg of trovafloxacin twice daily for 3 weeks, or no treatment, beginning 7 days after production of closed, nondisplaced, bilateral femoral fractures. The mean peak serum concentrations of levofloxacin and trovafloxacin drawn 30 minutes after administration were 6.9 and 7.0 microg/mL, respectively. Radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical studies were used to evaluate fracture healing. Torsional strength testing of fracture callus exposed to levofloxacin and trovafloxacin revealed a decrease in strength (299 and 257 N-mm, respectively) as compared with controls (364 N-mm). Radiographs revealed significantly more advanced healing in control animals (Goldberg score of 2.1) compared with the fractures in the rats treated with levofloxacin and trovafloxacin (Goldberg score of 1.5 in both groups). Fracture calluses in the animals treated with levofloxacin and trovafloxacin showed a lower histologic grade (5.3 and 3.5, respectively) as compared with control animals (7.5) representing a less mature callus with the presence of more cartilage and less woven bone. These data suggest that experimental fractures systemically exposed to levofloxacin or trovafloxacin have diminished healing during the early stages of fracture repair. The administration of quinolones during early fracture repair may compromise fracture healing in humans.
Fed‐Batch Process for Pyruvate Production by Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> YYC202 Strain (2003)

Abstract Fed‐batch fermentation was applied to the production of pyruvate by using a recombinant Escherichia coli YYC202 strain. This strain is completely blocked in its ability to convert pyruvate into acetyl‐CoA or acetate, resulting in acetate auxotrophy during growth in glucose minimal medium. By controlling acetate and glucose feed rate, a series of lab‐scale fed‐batch experiments were performed at pH 7 and 37 °C. CO 2 production rate ( CTR ) was used for on‐line regulation of the acetate feed rate. The correlation between CTR and acetate consumption rate ( ACR ) was determined experimentally. At optimal process conditions a final pyruvate concentration higher than 62 g/L, a space‐time yield of up to 42 g/L/d and pyruvate/glucose molar yield of 1.11 mol/mol were achieved. Experimental evidence was gathered that pyruvate export is active.
An indoor bidirectional message paging system with a pocket-size terminal using a direct-conversion FSK modem (2003)

The authors describe an indoor bidirectional message paging system which has good frequency utilization and serviceability. The trial system adopts microcells (with a zone radius of 50 to 100 m) and half-duplex communication using the carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection access method in the 420 MHz band with an occupied bandwidth of 12.5 kHz and a transmission power of 10 mW, according to the Japanese RCR STD-3 standard. Messages of up to 64 alphanumeric or 32 Japanese (Kanji) characters can be transmitted from a pocket-sized mobile terminal using a direct-conversion FSK (frequency-shift keying) modem. The modem enables the size of the mobile terminal to be the same as that of the conventional message pager. The basic concept of this system can also be applied to future microcell public message communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Camera Phone Localised Surface Plasmon Biosensing Platform towards Low-Cost Label-Free Diagnostic Testing (2011)

Developmental work towards a camera phone diagnostic platform applying localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) label-free sensing is presented. The application of spherical gold nanoparticles and nanorods are considered and assessed against ease of application, sensitivity, and practicality for a sensor for the detection of CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2). The sensitivity of the platform is compared with that of a commercial UV/Vis spectrometer. The sensitivity of the camera phone platform is found to be 30% less than that of the commercial system for an equivalent incubation time, but approaches that of the commercial system as incubation time increases. This suggests that the application of LSPR sensing on a portable camera phone devices may be a highly effective label-free approach for point-of-care use as a low-cost diagnostic sensing tool in environments where dedicated equipment is not available.
Image Analysis in Quantitative Particle Studies of Archaeological Ceramic Thin Sections (2014)

Abstract Thin-section petrography is a crucial tool for the study of archaeological ceramics, and in recent years, image analysis has emerged as a powerful quantitative enhancement of that tool. Exploratory applications of image analysis to archaeological ceramic thin sections, and related work by sedimentary geologists, have indicated its usefulness to the field. In this paper, we first present the results of experimental work testing the consistency and reproducibility of image analysis. We identify procedures for fast and reliable analysis of thin sections using laboratory-prepared ceramic specimens of simple clay-sand systems. We then show how those procedures can be slightly modified to accommodate more complex archaeological specimens. We conclude with a discussion of the role of image analysis within the overall context of thin-section petrography of ceramic materials, as one among a repertoire of techniques, adding quantitative data and increasing the usefulness of ceramic thin sections for addressing archaeological research questions.
[Surgical methods of preventing aorto(prosthesis)intestinal erosions and fistulae in surgery of the abdominal aorta and its branches]. (1989)

An analysis of 72 reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta (in 5 cases shunts of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries were performed) fulfilled by the authors has shown that in order to prevent the development of the aorto(prosthetic)-intestinal erosions and fistulas and possible extension of the inflammatory process to the synthetic prostheses from the adjacent organs it is necessary to use the corresponding technical means and the following methods of protection of anastomoses and vascular transplants: protection of the prosthesis by local tissues or greater omentum flaps, selection of the corresponding diameter and length of the prosthesis.
Distribution of mutations around rearranged heavy-chain antibody variable-region genes. (1990)

The mechanism of somatic hypermutation in the variable region of immunoglobulin genes expressed in mammalian B cells is a major unexplained phenomenon in the generation of diversity in the immune system. To evaluate possible mechanisms, the distribution of somatic mutations was examined for a group of five cloned, rearranged, somatically mutated VH genes generated in C57BL/6j mice. These mutated VH genes were sequenced and compared with their germ line counterparts from a point approximately 550 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site to an EcoRI site some 1,200 base pairs downstream of JH-4. The location of the transcription start (cap) sites was also precisely determined. Most (greater than or equal to 94%) of the 118 mutations scored occurred between the transcription start site and the distal end of JH-4. However, seven mutations occurred upstream of the transcribed region, and at least four were found downstream of JH-4. The target region for the mutator mechanism therefore clearly extends into the 3' nontranslated and 5' nontranscribed regions. Thus, models which propose the transcribed region of the DNA as the sole substrate for the mutation process are not ruled out but are inadequate to explain the upstream distribution of somatic mutations.
Development of NIST Standard Reference Material 2082, a Pathlength Standard for Measurements in the Ultraviolet Spectrum (2017)

New spectrophotometers and cuvettes have been designed to allow the measurement of absorbance values from samples using microliter volume sizes. These measurements are done using short pathlengths to decrease the sample volumes required. The major applications for these spectrophotometers and cuvettes are samples that are difficult to obtain in large amounts, such as proteins and nucleic acids that absorb light in the ultraviolet range. Existing ultraviolet absorbance standards have been designed for longer pathlength measurements. Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2082 was developed to validate the pathlengths of short-pathlength cuvettes and instruments using materials with absorbance spectra that are similar to the most commonly used samples. SRM 2082 consists of three individual components: a blank buffer solution, a solution of the amino acid tryptophan in the buffer, and a solution of the nucleobase uracil in the buffer. The tryptophan solution has an absorbance spectrum (peak at 280 nm) similar to proteins, and the uracil has an absorbance spectrum (peak at 260 nm) similar to nucleic acids. The absorbance values of these solutions were determined using a series of cuvettes with pathlengths from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. The pathlengths of the cuvettes used for the absorbance measurements were determined at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by physical and optical measurements. The effects of temperature and spectral bandwidth variations on the absorbance values of SRM 2082 were also investigated.