gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Spin Dynamics and Decoherence in a Quantum Dot via Charge Transport (2001)

We investigate the spin dynamics of a quantum dot with a spin-1/2 ground state in the Coulomb blockade regime and in the presence of a magnetic rf field leading to electron spin resonances (ESR). We show that by coupling the dot to leads, spin properties on the dot can be accessed via the charge current in the stationary and non-stationary limit. We present a microscopic derivation of the current and the master equation of the dot using superoperators, including contributions to decoherence and energy shifts due to the tunnel coupling. We give a detailed analysis of sequential and co-tunneling currents, for linearly and circularly oscillating ESR fields, applied in cw and pulsed mode. We show that the sequential tunneling current exhibits a spin satellite peak whose linewidth gives a lower bound on the decoherence time T_2 of the dot-spin. Similarly, the spin decoherence can be accessed also in the cotunneling regime via ESR induced spin flips. We show that the conductance ratio of the spin satellite peak and the conventional peak due to sequential tunneling saturates at the universal conductance ratio of 0.71 for strong ESR fields. We describe a double-dot setup which generates spin dependent tunneling and acts as a current pump (at zero bias), and as a spin inverter which inverts the spin-polarization of the current. We show that Rabi oscillations of the dot-spin induce coherent oscillations in the time-dependent current. These oscillations are observable in the time-averaged current as function of ESR pulse-duration, and they allow one to access the spin coherence directly in the time domain. We analyze the measurement and read-out process of the dot-spin via currents in spin-polarized leads and identify measurement time and efficiency by calculating the counting statistics, noise, and the Fano factor.
Inkjet Printing of Water “Soluble” Doped ZnS Quantum Dots (2009)

Abstract Water‐soluble‐doped ZnS quantum dots were synthesised and formulated for inkjet printing. The quantum dots were then inkjet‐printed onto a variety of substrates, including photo quality inkjet paper, cotton fabric, PET film, and glass. Of these substrates, only inkjet printing of doped ZnS quantum dots on photo‐quality inkjet paper and cotton fabric produced a photoluminescent print. The materials were characterised using a number of methods, including profilometer measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and viscosity measurements. On excitation with UV light, a photoluminescence emission of approximately 600 nm was observed.
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Binding to Monocytes in Maturity-Onset Diabetes (1979)

Tissue sensitive to insulin and insulin binding to monocytes were evaluated in 15 nonobese maturity-onset diabetics and in 16 healthy controls. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the insulin clamp technique in which the plasma insulin is acutely raised and maintained 100 muU/ml above the fasting level and plasma glucose is held constant at fasting levels by a variable glucose infusion. The amount of glucose infused is a measure of overall tissue sensitivity to insulin. In the diabetic group, the fasting plasma glucose concentration (168+/-4 mg/dl) was 85% greater than controls (P < 0.01) whereas the plasma insulin level (15+/-1 muU/ml) was similar to controls. During the insulin clamp study, comparable plasma insulin levels were achieved in the diabetics (118+/-5) and the controls (114+/-5 muU/ml). However, the glucose infusion rate in the diabetics (4.7+/-0.4 mg/kg.min) was 30% below controls (P < 0.01). Among the diabetics, the glucose infusion rate correlated directly with the fasting plasma glucose level (r = 0.57, P < 0.05). In five diabetic subjects, glucose metabolism was similar to controls, and these diabetics had the highest fasting glucose levels. When they were restudied after prior normalization (with insulin) of the fasting plasma glucose (100+/-1 mg/dl), the glucose infusion rate during the insulin clamp was 30% lower than observed in association with hyperglycemia (P < 0.01). Studies that employed tritiated glucose to measure endogenous glucose production indicated comparable 90-95% inhibition of hepatic glucose production during hyperinsulinemia in the diabetic and control subjects.(125)I-insulin binding to monocytes in the diabetics (5.5+/-0.6%) was 30% below that in controls (P < 0.01). Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin action as determined with the insulin clamp were highly correlated in both control (r = 0.67, P < 0.01), and diabetic subjects (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). We conclude that (a) tissue sensitivity to physiologic hyperinsulinemia is reduced in most maturity-onset diabetics; (b) this decrease in sensitivity is located, at least in part, in extrahepatic tissues; (c) the resistance to insulin may be mediated by a reduction in insulin binding; and (d) in maturity-onset diabetics with normal tissue sensitivity to insulin, hyperglycemia may be a contributing factor to the normal rates of insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
Studies on sialic acids. V Synthesis of .ALPHA.- and .BETA.-D-Neu5Acp-(2.RAR.6)-lactose. (1986)

The reaction of methyl 5-acetamide-4, 7, 8, 9-tetra-O-acetyl-2-chloro-2, 3, 5-trideoxy-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonate with 1, 6-anhydro-2, 2', 3, 3', 4', -penta-O-benzyl-β-D-lactose in the presence of mercury cyanide and mercury bromide gave a 1 : 1 mixture of the two anomers of the (2→6) linked trisaccharide. O-(Methyl (5-acetamide-4, 7, 8, 9-tetra-O-acetyl-3, 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl)onate)-(2→6)-O-(2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-1, 6-anhydro-2, 3-di-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranose and the corresponding β-(2→6) linked isomer could be isolated by chromatography. A deprotection sequence, acetolysis, hydrogenolysis, deacetylation and saponificaiton led to O-(5-acetamide-3, 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2→6)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose and to the corresponding β-(2→6)linked compound.
A rosy future for heterochromatin. (1994)

The demonstration by Zhang and Spradling (1) of efficient P element transposition into heterochromatic regions will aid ongoing studies of heterochromatin structure and function. P element insertions will provide entry points for further molecular analysis of heterochromatin and will allow the isolation of small and large heterochromatic deficiencies. The generation of heterochromatic P insertions also will aid the study of heterochromatic genes. Of the heterochromatic insertions isolated by Zhang and Spradling, five were homozygous lethal, and one of these defined a lethal locus not previously uncovered by heterochromatic deficiencies. P elements have previously been used to mutagenize and clone specific heterochromatic genes (14, 19, 26). New methods, like those described here (1, 32), should allow the efficient identification and molecular isolation of other single-copy heterochromatic genes. Furthermore, since position-effect suppression allowed the recovery of heterochromatic P insertions, it may also allow the recovery of insertions in euchromatic regions previously refractory to P mutagenesis. Studies of position-effect variegation show that genes normally found in heterochromatin require a heterochromatic context for normal expression and that heterochromatin is inhibitory to euchromatic gene expression (16). The physical basis of these related phenomena--chromatin assembly, nuclear positioning, and/or heterochromatin elimination--can be resolved only with a more thorough understanding of heterochromatin structure and functions. Analyzing heterochromatin also will help define the chromosomal components responsible for inheritance processes such as chromosome pairing, sister chromatid adhesion, and centromere function. These efforts will be facilitated by the effective use of P elements combined with other current molecular-genetic approaches.
A 20.7 kb deletion within the factor VIII gene associated with LINE-1 element insertion. (1998)

Large deletions within the factor VIII gene account for approximately 5% of the mutations causing haemophilia A. The characterization of such mutations can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of these and other deletions in man. We have analyzed a 20.7 kb deletion spanning exons 15 to 20 within the factor VIII gene in a patient with severe haemophilia A. Long range PCR was used to investigate the extent of the deletion and to provide a template for sequencing across the deletion breakpoint. A 38-base insertion homologous to the 3' region of a LINE-1 (L1) element was detected at the breakpoint of the deletion. Normal sequence at the 5' breakpoint in intron 14 was homologous to an L1 flanking region and normal sequence at the 3' breakpoint in intron 20 was homologous to an adjacent sequence within the same L1 flanking region. A molecular mechanism for the deletion involving retrotransposition of a readthrough product of an L1 element plus its 3' flanking region is suggested.
Is There a Role for Tissue Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection? (2010)

Level II, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS AND RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS FOR TRAVERSE-CONTINUOUS ROTATE CT SCANNERS (1981)

s of Articles on Computed Tomography from Non-Radiological Journals: Physics and Instrumentation: PDF Only
Synthesis of aminotri- and aminotetrasilanes by cross-coupling of aminochlorosilanes with chlorotrimethylsilane (1999)

We studied the reductive coupling of aminochlorosilanes and chlorotrimethylsilane by lithium in tetrahydrofuran. Cross-coupling was observed in the case of diaminodichlorosilanes 7 or aminotrichlorosilanes 8 and allows a direct access to 2,2-diamino-hexamethyltrisilanes 9 and amino(tristrimethylsilyl)silanes 10. Me2Si(iPr2N)Cl 3 reacts instead preferentially to the symmetric diaminodisilane 6. Bulkier diamino(chloro)methylsilanes 5 did not undergo the coupling reaction. The cross-coupled aminodi-, -tri- and tetrasilanes are useful starting compounds for other functionally substituted oligosilanes, as was shown by reaction of 9 with HX (X=Cl, Br, I) to 11 and the synthesis of the heterocyclic trisilanes 9d and 9f using 11a. The molecular structure of [(iPr2N)2SiH]2 2a is discussed. NMR data including 1JSiSi coupling constants are given. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10:605–614, 1999
A role for the polysialic acid – neural cell adhesion molecule in PDGF-induced chemotaxis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (2003)

Directed migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is important for myelin formation and repair but the mechanisms of directional control are poorly understood. Here we have tested the role of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the directional migration of OPCs towards platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Using a Boyden microchemotaxis chamber and the Dunn direct viewing chamber, we show that in concentration gradients of PDGF, PSA-positive OPCs polarize and efficiently migrate towards the source of PDGF (chemotaxis). The loss or inactivation of the polysialic tail of NCAM leads to an altered pattern of OPC migration in response to PDGF gradients. Cells under these conditions, while being polarized and migrating, show no bias of displacement towards the source of PDGF and make random turns. By contrast, directed migration of OPCs towards basic fibroblast growth factor was not affected by the removal of PSA. Moreover, inactivation of PSA does not interfere with the random migration pattern of cells in uniform concentrations of PDGF (chemokinesis). These results suggest that PSA-NCAM is specifically involved in establishing the directionality of OPC migration in response to the concentration gradient of PDGF, but it is not essential for cell motility per se.
Adaptive Tracking of Non-Rigid Objects Based on Color Histograms and Automatic Parameter Selection (2005)

One of the main difficulties in visual tracking is to take into account appearance changes (not only of the target but also of or due to the scene, illumination for example). The use of a Bayesian framework is very flexible and has proven to be very efficient in visual tracking. Moreover, color or greylevel histograms allow to track an objet with a low computational cost. The recently proposed color-based trackers integrated in a probabilistic framework are efficient for a given application (face tracking for example) but can not be generalized easily, due to the initialization and the adjustment of the different tracker parameters that are dependent on the input sequence. This paper presents a method based on color integrated in a particle filter that allows to cope with some of the usual problems of visual tracking (occlusions, target appearance changes, changes in resolution or in illumination) and to adapt easily to different applications (tracking of structures in aerial imagery as well as football players). The novelty of the tracker is its ability to automatically regulate all the parameters needed for tracking, which makes it flexible and easily usable for different applications.
A Vision System for Observing and Extracting Facial Action Parameters (1994)

We describe a computer vision system for observing the &quot;action units&quot; of a face using video sequences as input. The visual observation (sensing) is achieved by using an optimal estimation optical flow method coupled with a geometric and a physical (muscle) model describing the facial structure. This modeling results in a time-varying spatial patterning of facial shape and a parametric representation of the independent muscle action groups, responsible for the observed facial motions. These muscle action patterns may then be used for analysis, interpretation, and synthesis. Thus, by interpreting facial motions within a physics-based optimal estimation framework, a new control model of facial movement is developed. The newly extracted action units (which we name &quot;FACS+&quot;) are both physics and geometry-based, and extend the well-known FACS parameters for facial expressions by adding temporal information and non-local spatial patterning of facial motion. 1 Introduction There is a significa...
A ray tracing solution for diffuse interreflection (2007)

An efficient ray tracing method is presented for calculating interreflections between surfaces with both diffuse and specular components. A Monte Carlo technique computes the indirect contributions to illuminance at locations chosen by the rendering process. The indirect illuminance values are averaged over surfaces and used in place of a constant "ambient." term. Illuminance calculations are made only for those areas participating in the selected view, and the results are stored so that subsequent views can reuse common values. The density of the calculation is adjusted to maintain a constant accuracy, permitting less populated portions of the scene to be computed quickly. Successive reflections use proportionally fewer samples, which speeds the process and provides a natural limit to recursion. The technique can also model diffuse transmission and illumination from large area sources, such as the sky.
Carnegie Airborne Observatory: in-flight fusion of hyperspectral imaging and waveform light detection and ranging for three-dimensional studies of ecosystems (2007)

Airborne remote sensing could play a more integrative role in regional ecosystem studies if the information derived from airborne observations could be readily converted to physical and chemical quantities representative of ecosystem processes and properties. We have undertaken an effort to specify, deploy, and apply a new system - the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO) - to remotely measure a suite of ecosystem structural and biochemical properties in a way that can rapidly advance regional ecological research for conservation, management and resource policy development. The CAO "Alpha System" provides in-flight fusion of high-fidelity visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer data with scanning, waveform light detection and ranging (wLiDAR) data, along with an integrated navigation and data processing approach, that results in geo-orthorectified products for vegetation structure, biochemistry, and physiology as well as the underlying topography. Here we present the scientific rationale for developing the system, and provide sample data fusion results demonstrating the potential breakthroughs that hybrid hyperspectral-wLiDAR systems might bring to the scientific community.
<title>Optical waveguide formed by aluminum nitride thin film on sapphire</title> (1996)

We have investigated an optical waveguide formed by aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film on sapphire. A good quality AlN thin film on sapphire substrate was prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition in this laboratory. A rutile prism coupler was employed to display the waveguide modes with the wavelength of 632.8, 532.1, 514.5 and 488.0nm. The refractive index and thickness of the waveguide material is obtained by prism-coupler measurement. The dispersion curve of AlN film is given and the dispersion equation is derived. The attenuation in waveguide is evaluated using scattering loss measurements by using a fiber probe in this experiment. The attenuation coefficient alpha is 1.5-2.1 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> various with different sample and the different modes of waveguide. The accuracy of the measurement is discussed.
Silver resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: a dissection of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms (2015)

Both endogenous and exogenous silver resistance are dependent on the derepressed expression of closely related efflux transporters and are therefore mechanistically similar phenotypes. The ease with which silver resistance can become selected in some bacterial pathogens in vitro suggests that there would be benefit in improved surveillance for silver-resistant isolates in the clinic, along with greater control over use of silver-containing products, in order to best preserve the clinical utility of silver.
Epidemiology of Calicivirus Infections in Sweden, 1994–1998 (2000)

Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are frequently caused by caliciviruses. Electron microscopy was used to search for these viruses in fecal samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis. Of 5800 samples collected and analyzed from November 1994 to June 1998, 3700 were associated with outbreaks. A total of 676 outbreaks were analyzed, and viruses were found in 67%. Caliciviruses, usually Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), were found in 407 (89%) of 455 outbreaks, while Sapporo-like viruses were identified in nine outbreaks, including six that were suspected to include foodborne transmission. Sixty percent of the 1041 patients with calicivirus infections were between 70 and 90 years of age. Food- and waterborne infections were associated with 66 calicivirus outbreaks. Virus-positive outbreaks were documented mainly during winter and spring. The longitudinal survey showed that caliciviruses, and especially the NLVs, cause most nosocomial and community-associated outbreaks in Sweden.
Mutation screening in Rett syndrome patients (2000)

Rett syndrome (RTT) was first described in 1966. Its biological and genetic foundations were not clear until recently when Amir et al reported that mutations in the MECP2 gene were detected in around 50% of RTT patients. In this study, we have screened the MECP2 gene for mutations in our RTT material, including nine familial cases (19 Rett girls) and 59 sporadic cases. A total of 27 sporadic RTT patients were found to have mutations in the MECP2 gene, but no mutations were identified in our RTT families. In order to address the possibility of further X chromosomal or autosomal genetic factors in RTT, we evaluated six candidate genes for RTT selected on clinical, pathological, and genetic grounds: UBE1 (human ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, located in chromosome Xp11.23), UBE2I (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2I, homologous to yeast UBC9, chromosome 16p13.3), GdX (ubiquitin-like protein, chromosome Xq28), SOX3 (SRY related HMG box gene 3, chromosome Xq26-q27), GABRA3 (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha3 subunit, chromosome Xq28), and CDR2 (cerebellar degeneration related autoantigen 2, chromosome 16p12-p13.1). No mutations were detected in the coding regions of these six genes in 10 affected subjects and, therefore, alterations in the amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins can be excluded as having a causative role in RTT. Furthermore, gene expression of MECP2, GdX, GABRA3, and L1CAM (L1 cell adhesion molecule) was also investigated by in situ hybridisation. No gross differences were observed in neurones of several brain regions between normal controls and Rett patients.
Lipid content of brain, brain membrane lipid domains, and neurons from acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice (2008)

The cholesterol, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid content of total brain, of detergent-resistant membranes prepared from the total brain, and of cerebellar granule cells differentiated in culture from wild type (WT) and acid sphingomyelinase knockout (ASMKO) were studied. Brains derived from 7-month-old ASMKO animals showed a fivefold higher level of sphingomyelin and a significant increase in ganglioside content, mainly because of monosialogangliosides GM3 and GM2 accumulation, while the cholesterol and glycerophospholipid content was unchanged with respect to WT animals. An increase in sphingomyelin, but not in gangliosides, was also detected in cultured cerebellar granule neurons from ASMKO mice, indicating that ganglioside accumulation is not a direct consequence of the enzyme defect. When a detergent-resistant membrane fraction was prepared from ASMKO brains, we observed that a higher detergent-to-protein ratio was needed than in WT animals. This likely reflects a reduced fluidity in restricted membrane areas because of a higher enrichment in sphingolipids in the case of ASMKO brain.
Lessons Learned Building a Secure Network Measurement Framework using Basic NDN (2019)

The Named-Data Networking Project has moved from a multi-university NSF-funded Future Internet Architecture project to an open source codebase with world wide contributors and a growing body of applications. Researchers have applied NDN to applications like lighting control, vehicular communications, and augmented reality but more work is needed to make the data-centric and security features of NDN accessible. Users are currently required to become experts on the internals of the codebase, a difficult task further complicated by the lack of well-documented examples and the project adding new features. While implementing a secure, distributed network measurement framework for NDN, we encountered two major difficulties: the lack of a library of application-usable communications models (built on top of the NDN layer) and the difficulty of integrating trust rules with the NDN codebase.
Facial expression composition using dynamic displacement mapping. (2011)

Construction and animation of realistic human facial models is still a challenging task in computer graphics. In this paper, we present a practical way to generate facial expressions using dynamic vector displacement mapping. We describe the construction of displacement maps from scanned data, parametric virtual muscles and from feature points with influence. To produce facial expressions our approach dynamically combines multiple displacement maps using image composition and blending techniques. Dynamic skin behavior is simulated using spring--mass system driven by the generated displacement we call an expression map. This approach allows parametric animation of the facial model in real-time and can be entirely implemented on the GPU. Final composition and rendering of our models utilizes photorealistic lighting and shading of the facial skin.