gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION IN FUNGI AND PLANTS (1993)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
The farmer-owned reserve after eight years: A summary of research findings and implications (1988)

The Farmer-Owned Reserve Program (FOR) was inaugurated in April of 1977 by Secretary of Agriculture Bergland under the authority of existing legislation. Congress followed suit by specifically adopting FOR provisions for wheat and feed grains in the Food and Agricultural Act of 1977. Although the government had owned large stocks of grains and fibers in the 1950s and 1960s, the FOR was the first deliberate effort in the history of U.S. agriculture to establish a stabilization stocks program.\nSince its inception, the FOR program has been at various times praised and damned by farmers, policy analysts, and policymakers. It has been seen at times as a force controlling fluctuations in commodity supplies and price and at times as a force out of control. Regardless of whether it is viewed as a good or poor policy instrument, there is no question that the FOR program has had a substantial influence on commodity markets and policy. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show the rapid growth of the FOR and its variability in response to market and policy conditions. During the last 5 years, members of the North Central Regional Research Project NC-169 have been reviewing the evidence on the FOR and evaluating the performance of this new and rather innovative policy instrument. Although the program is new relative to many other commodity program provisions, it is an appropriate time for a thorough review of the evidence on its performance.
A phase-change type micropump with aluminum flap valves (2003)

In this paper, a phase-change type micropump is presented. This micropump consists of a pair of aluminum flap valves and a phase-change type actuator. The actuator is composed of a heater, a silicone rubber diaphragm and a working fluid chamber. The diaphragm is actuated by the vaporization and the condensation of the working fluid. The micropump is fabricated by the anisotropic etching, the boron diffusion and the metal evaporation. The dimension of the micropump is 8.5 mm × 5 mm × 1.7 mm. The forward and the backward flow characteristics of the flap valve illustrate the appropriateness as a check valve. The flow rate of the micropump is measured for various voltages, frequencies and duty cycles of the square-wave input. When the square-wave input voltage of 10 V is applied to the heater, the maximum flow rate of the micropump is 6.1 μl min−1 at 0.5 Hz and the duty ratio of 60% for zero pressure difference. The maximum backward pressure when the flow rate is zero is 10 mm H2O.
Preparation of Quantum Dot−Biotin Conjugates and Their Use in Immunochromatography Assays (2003)

Biotinylated, highly luminescent CdSe−ZnS quantum dot (QD) conjugates were prepared and used in immunofiltration assays. Water-soluble quantum dot surfaces having a homogeneous negative charge density at basic pH were initially coated with a two-domain recombinant maltose-binding protein appended with a positively charged leucine zipper. Biotin functionalization of these electrostatically stabilized QD−protein complexes was then carried out using amine-reactive NHS biotin. These protein-coated biotin-functionalized quantum dot conjugates were incorporated into flow immunofiltration/displacement assays employing Affi-gel agarose resin for antibody immobilization, analyte capture, and immune complex formation with a second biotinylated antibody. A key component of the assay was the use of tetranitromethane-modified NeutrAvidin, used to link the biotinylated QDs to the immune complexes and facilitate their release at basic pH for subsequent quantification. This assay methodology was used to detect as little as 10 ng/mL staphylococcal enterotoxin type-B.
Translation of poliovirus RNA: role of an essential cis-acting oligopyrimidine element within the 5' nontranslated region and involvement of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein (1991)

Translation of poliovirus RNA is initiated by cap-independent internal entry of ribosomes into the 5' nontranslated region. This process is dependent on elements within the 5' nontranslated region (the internal ribosomal entry site) and may involve novel translation factors. Systematic mutation of a conserved oligopyrimidine tract has revealed a cis-acting element that is essential for translation in vitro. The function of this element is related to its position relative to other cis-acting domains. This element is part of a more complex structure that interacts with several cellular factors, but changes in protein binding after mutation of this element were not detected in a UV cross-linking assay. A 57-kDa protein from the ribosomal salt wash fraction of HeLa cells was identified that binds upstream of the oligopyrimidine tract. Translation of poliovirus mRNA in vitro was strongly and specifically inhibited by competition with the p57-binding domain (nucleotides 260 to 488) of the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus, indicating a probable role for p57 in poliovirus translation. p57 is likely to be identical to the ribosome-associated factor that binds to and is necessary for the function of the internal ribosomal entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA.
Food Day [2012] (2012)

This poster introduces the faculty lecture series UNT Speaks Out on the Food We Eat. This series features Dr. Dornith Doherty, professor in the College of Arts and Design, Dr. Pankaj Jain, assistant professor in the College of Arts and Sciences and College of Public Affairs and Community Service, and Jennifer Jensen Wallach, associate professor in the College of Arts and Sciences.
In Vivo Registration of Both Electrogoniometry and Medical Imaging: Development and Application on the Ankle Joint Complex (2006)

An in vivo method for joint kinematics visualization and analysis is described. Low-dose computed tomography allowed three-dimensional joint modeling, and electrogoniometry collected joint kinematic data. Data registration occurred using palpated anatomical landmarks to obtain interactive computer joint simulation. The method was applied on one volunteer's ankle, and reproducibility was tested (maximal discrepancy: 3.6 deg and 5.5 mm for rotation and translation respectively).
Pd@C core–shell nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes as highly stable and selective catalysts for hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene (2017)

Developing highly selective and stable catalysts for acetylene hydrogenation is an imperative task in the chemical industry. Herein, core-shell Pd@carbon nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Pd@C/CNTs) were synthesized. During the hydrogenation of acetylene, the selectivity of Pd@C/CNTs to ethylene was distinctly improved. Moreover, Pd@C/CNTs showed excellent stability during the hydrogenation reaction.
Regression of a murine fibrosarcoma after intralesional injection of a synthetic C39 glycolipid related to cord factor (1979)

Intratumoral injection of ultrasonically prepared emulsions of the synthetic glycolipid methly 6-O-(2-tetradecyl-3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (designated C39) induced complete regression of transplants of a syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma in most of the treated animals as did 6,6'-di-O(2-tetradecyl-3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-alpha,alpha,-trehalose (designated C76) in a previous study. The C76 compound, about twice the molecular weight of C39, was more effective therapeutically than the smaller molecule. Ultrasonically prepared emulsions of C39 and C76 were not toxic when given intravenously. Intravenously administered emulsions of C39 prepared by mechanical grinding were more toxic, but less granulomagenic, than those containing C76. Squalane and squalene, but not peanut oil, were effective substitutes for mineral oil as carriers of C39 in the treatment of the tumor.
D-Lactic Acidosis Due to Abnormal Gut Flora (1982)

METABOLIC acidosis caused by D-lactic acid, the optical isomer of L-lactic acid, was recently described by Oh et al. in a patient with a short-bowel syndrome.1 We encountered a similar condition in two patients with prior gut surgery. One patient had undergone an extensive small-bowel resection after mesenteric infarction, and the other had had a jejunoileal bypass for obesity. These patients presented with repeated episodes of stupor or coma, metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap, normal plasma levels of L-lactate, and elevated plasma levels of D-lactate. Treatment with oral vancomycin resulted in normalization of the neurologic and metabolic status. . . .
Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum PSA (1996)

The measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is the most useful tool available today for the diagnosis of early, curable adenocarcinoma of the prostate.1 This issue of the Journal contains the results of a well-conducted investigation of serum PSA concentrations in black men 40 to 79 years of age.2 Previous investigations have examined serum PSA in white3 and Japanese4 men, but this study is the first to address the subject in blacks, the population with the highest prevalence of prostate cancer, the earliest age at its onset, and the greatest mortality rate from the disease. Like the investigators in . . .
Frequency offset and timing estimation in slowly-varying fading channels: a cyclostationary approach (2002)

Two open-loop algorithms are developed for estimating jointly frequency offset and symbol timing of a linearly modulated waveform transmitted over a frequency-flat fading channel. The methods exploit the received signal's cyclostationarity, and with respect to existing solutions they: (i) take into account the presence of time-selective fading effects; (ii) do not need training data; (iii) do not rely on the Gaussian assumption of the complex equivalent low-pass channel process, and (iv) are tolerant to additive stationary noise of any color or distribution. Performance analysis using Monte Carlo simulations, unifications, and comparisons with existing approaches are also reported.
Genetic approach to design of multiplierless FIR filters (1993)

The design of multiplierless FIR filters using genetic algorithms is presented. The proposed algorithm uses simple operators (reproduction, crossover, and mutation) to search through the discrete coefficient space of predefined power-of-two coefficients. This approach has proved to be highly effective and outperformed existing multiplierless FIR design techniques.
Cns Findings in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and a Neuropathological Case Report (2017)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized as a persistent, debilitating complex disorder of unknown etiology, whereby patients suffer from extreme fatigue, which often presents with symptoms that include chronic pain, depression, weakness, mood disturbances, and neuropsychological impairment. In this mini review and case report, we address central nervous system (CNS) involvement of CFS and present neuropathological autopsy findings from a patient who died with a prior diagnosis of CFS. Among the most remarkable pathological features of the case are focal areas of white matter loss, neurite beading, and neuritic pathology of axons in the white matter with axonal spheroids. Atypical neurons displaying aberrant sprouting processes in response to injury are observed throughout cortical gray and white matter. Abundant amyloid deposits identical to AD plaques with accompanying intracellular granular structures are observed as well. Neurofibrillary tangles are also present in the white matter of the frontal cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia. Taken together, these neuropathological findings warrant further studies into CNS disease associated with CFS.
Proton-translocating Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli. (1995)

Mutations in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase of the conserved residue beta Asp-213 to Asn (beta D213N) and Ile (beta D213I) resulted in the loss, respectively, of about 70% and 90% NADPH-->3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPyAD) transhydrogenation and coupled proton translocation activities. However, the cyclic NADP(H)-dependent NADH-->AcPyAD transhydrogenase activities of the mutants were only approximately 35% inhibited. The latter transhydrogenation, which is not coupled to proton translocation, occurs apparently via NADP under conditions that enzyme-NADP(H) complex is stabilized. Mutations beta D213N and beta D213I also resulted in decreases in apparent KmNADPH for the NADPH-->AcPyAD and S0.5NADPH (NADPH concentration needed for half-maximal activity) for the cyclic NADH-->AcPyAD transhydrogenation reactions, and in KdNADPH, as determined by equilibrium binding studies on the purified wild-type and the beta D213I mutant enzymes. These results point to a structural role of beta Asp-213 in energy transduction and are discussed in relation to our previous suggestion that proton translocation coupled to NADPH-->NAD (or AcPyAD) transhydrogenation is driven mainly by the difference in the binding energies of NADPH and NADP.
Profit summer rape (1993)

Profit summer rape (Brassica napus L.), registered in 1989, is a canola-quality cultivar. It has very high seed oil content, is high yielding and has early to medium maturity. Profit is moderately susceptible to blackleg. Profit is well adapted to the B. napus growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Rape (summer), cultivar description
Isolated Execution on Many-core Architectures. (2014)

We explore how many-core platforms can be used to enhance the security of future systems and to support important security properties such as runtime isolation using a small Trusted Computing Base (TCB). We focus on the Intel Single-chip Cloud Computer (SCC) to show that such properties can be implemented in current systems. We design a system called SEMA which offers strong security properties while maintaining high performance and flexibility enabled by a small centralized security kernel. We further implement and evaluate the feasibility of our design. Currently, our prototype security kernel is able to execute applications in isolation and accommodate dynamic resource requests from them. We show that, with minor modifications, many-core architectures can offer some unique security properties, not supported by existing single- and multi-core architectures, such as application context awareness. Context awareness, a new security property that we define and explore in this work, allows each application to discover, without any interaction with the security kernel, which other parts of the system are allowed to interact with it and access its resources. We also discuss how an application can use context awareness to defend itself from an unlikely, yet potentially compromised security kernel. I.
A Shallow Parsing Approach to Natural Language Queries of a Database (2019)

The performance and reliability of converting natural language into structured query language can be problematic in handling nuances that are prevalent in natural language. Relational databases are not designed to understand language nuance, therefore the question why we must handle nuance has to be asked. This paper is looking at an alternative solution for the conversion of a Natural Language Query into a Structured Query Language (SQL) capable of being used to search a relational database. The process uses the natural language concept, Part of Speech to identify words that can be used to identify database tables and table columns. The use of Open NLP based grammar files, as well as additional configuration files, assist in the translation from natural language to query language. Having identified which tables and which columns contain the pertinent data the next step is to create the SQL statement.
The Paradox of Legal Equivalents and Scientific Equivalence: Reconciling Patent Law's Doctrine of Equivalents with the FDA's Bioequivalence Requirement (2013)

Contrary to popular perception, generic drugs often enter the market before the patents covering their brand name counterparts have expired by making slight changes to the drug to avoid the brand name patent. These generics face a paradox: the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that the generic "not show a significant difference" from the reference product, while patent law requires that the generic have "substantial differences" as compared to the reference product. The generic must be bioequivalent, but not legally equivalent, to the brand name drug. This paradox occurs frequently in the courts but has never been discussed in the literature. This Article analyzes every case to date involving this equivalence paradox to create a normative theory explaining and predicting courts' treatment of these cases. It then explains the implications for patent law. Namely, it demonstrates how courts use these cases as an opportunity to tailor the scope of the patent based on its ability to provide ex post incentives for commercialization and development. Finally, this Article discusses the broader implications of the paradox on FDA law and concludes that these cases demonstrate that, while courts are increasingly skeptical of evergreening, the paradox impedes progress towards cheaper, safer medicine.
Epicyclic Power Split Transmissions for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Fuel Consumption, Vehicle Performance and Driving Aggressiveness (2013)

This paper focuses on the improvement of fuel consumption, vehicle performance, and driving aggressiveness for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) using epicyclic power split transmission (PST). In this paper, three and four branch transmission system models are analyzed and implemented into two HEVs. The modeling of the hybrid electric vehicle performance is carried using the QSS Toolkit. The models for the two vehicles are built based on the same baseline vehicle with the same vehicle parameters but with different transmissions. The vehicles are simulated over typical driving cycles; New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and USA Federal Test Procedure FTP 75. The HEV results are also compared against a conventional IC engine plus manual gearbox vehicle. Computer programs for the analysis of epicyclic transmission based on a matrix method are developed and used. The simulations show that the 4 branch epicyclic offers substantial improvements of reduction in energy consumption, though the benefits are sensitive to the driving cycle used.
Automatic spatial gain control for an informed spatial filter (2014)

When capturing speech in a multi-talker telecommunication scenario, it is desirable to keep the enhanced signal at an equal loudness level for each speaker. Single-channel automatic gain control systems are not able to adjust the level of different talkers when they are simultaneously active. In this work, an automatic spatial gain control (ASGC) algorithm is proposed that adjusts the directional response of an existing informed spatial filter such that the direct sound of multiple sources can be kept at a constant desired loudness level at the output. The spatial filter additionally reduces diffuse sound and ambient noise. It is shown that the proposed AGSC works well within the tested scenario, and is able to adjust the levels of different speakers even during double talk scenarios.
PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: VI. DEHYDRATION BY SULPHURIC ACID (1945)

Dehydration of 2,3-butanediol in the liquid phase with 3 to 20% of sulphuric acid gave water, butanone-2, and the cyclic methyl ethyl ketal of 2,3-butanediol as the chief products, the total yield of liquid products being about 96%. The reaction can be run as a continuous process, and by using conditions that favour removal of the cyclic ketal from the reaction mixture it may make up 75% of the weight of the total liquid products. The rate of dehydration of 2,3-butanediol varied as the square of the 2,3-butanediol concentration and increased logarithmically with increase in the concentration of sulphuric acid.
Structure and magnetocaloric effect in melt-spun La(Fe,Si)13 and MnFePGe compounds (2006)

The magnetocaloric properties of melt-spun La(Fe,Si) 13 and MnFePGe compounds were investigated. Very large value of magnetic entropy change |ΔS|=31 and 35.4J·(kg·K)-1 under 5 T were obtained at 201 K in LaFe11.8Si1.2 melt-spun ribbons and at around 317 K in Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.76Ge0.24 melt-spun ribbons, respectively. The large magnetocaloric effect results from a more homogenous element distribution related to the very high cooling rate during melt-spinning. The excellent MCE properties, the low materials cost and the accelerated aging regime make the melt-spun-type La(Fe,Si)13 and MnFePGe materials an excellent candidate for magnetic refrigerant applications.
Niobium–silica catalysts for the selective epoxidation of cyclic alkenes: the generation of the active site by grafting niobocene dichloride (2013)

Niobium-containing silica materials obtained by deposition via liquid-phase grafting or dry impregnation of niobocene(iv) dichloride are active and selective catalysts in the epoxidation of alkenes in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The generation of the catalytically-active Nb species was followed step-by-step, and investigated using a combined DR-UV-Vis, NIR, Raman, XRD, XANES and EXAFS analyses. At the end of the grafting procedure, the nature of the surface active species can be described as an oxo-Nb(v) site, tripodally grafted onto the silica surface in close proximity to other Nb(v) centres. The liquid-phase methodology provides a better dispersion of the metal sites onto the siliceous support than the dry-impregnation approach. The niobium-silica catalysts were then tested in the epoxidation of cyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene, as model substrates.
Flagellin is the principal inducer of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7c (psoriasin) in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

Epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) express antimicrobial peptides as a part of the innate immune response. It has recently been shown that the culture supernatant of Escherichia coli induces the expression of S100A7c (psoriasin) in KCs and that S100A7c efficiently kills E. coli. Here we have investigated which of the microbial components triggers the up-regulation of S100A7c expression. Exposure of human primary KCs to ligands of the human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) revealed that only the TLR5 ligand flagellin strongly induced the expression of S100A7c mRNA and protein, whereas all other TLR ligands had no significant effect. In contrast to the supernatant from flagellated wild-type (WT) E. coli, the supernatant of a flagellin-deficient E. coli strain (DeltaFliC) did not induce S100A7c expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TLR5 expression suppressed the ability of KCs to up-regulate S100A7c expression in response to both flagellin and WT E. coli supernatant. Taken together, our data demonstrate that bacterial flagellin is essential and sufficient for the induction of S100A7c expression in KCs by E. coli.