gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of some factors affecting the accuracy of classification by an artificial neural network (1997)

Abstract Artificial neural networks are attractive for the classification of remotely sensed data. However, a wide range of factors influence the accuracy with which a data set may be classified. In this paper, the effect of four factors on the accuracy with which agricultural crops may be classified from airborne thematic mapper (ATM) data was investigated. These factors related to the dimensionality of the remotely sensed data, the neural network architecture, and the characteristics of the training and testing sets. A total of 288 classifications were performed and their accuracies evaluated. The artificial neural networks were able to classify the data to high accuracies, with kappa coefficients of up to 0.97 obtained, but the accuracy derived was highly dependent on the factors investigated. A log-linear modelling approach was used to evaluate the simultaneous effect of the factors on classification accuracy. Variations in the dimensionality of the data set, as well as the training and testing set characteristics had a significant effect on classification accuracy. The network architecture, specifically the number of hidden units and layers, did not, however, have a significant effect on classification accuracy in this investigation. This highlights the need to consider a broader set of issues than network architecture when using an artificial neural network for image classification.
Rule-based energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles (2007)

The highest control layer of a (hybrid) vehicular drive train is termed the Energy Management Strategy (EMS). In this paper an overview of different control methods is given and a new rule-based EMS is introduced, based on the combination of Rule-Based and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies (RB-ECMS). The RB-ECMS uses only one decision variable and requires no tuning of many threshold control values and parameters. This decision variable represents the maximum propulsion power of the secondary power source (i.e. electric machine/battery) during pure electric driving. The RB-ECMS is compared with the strategy based on Dynamic Programming (DP), which is inherently optimal for a given cycle. The RB-ECMS proposed in this paper requires significantly less computation time with a similar result to DP (within 1% accuracy).
A case study for assured containment (2015)

While incremental steps are being taken to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the various national airspace systems, much work remains to establish appropriate regulatory infrastructure that allows UAS larger than 55 lb to operate for commerce or hire. The magnitude of that effort is compounded by the wide-ranging variety of UAS types and possible applications, as well as the diversity in quality and provenance of UAS components. The FAA has suggested developing design standards tailored to specific applications and operating environments as an approach to facilitate integration and safe operation of some UAS. This paper introduces a case study to investigate design standards for a midsize unmanned rotorcraft operating in a rural environment. A key aspect of this study is the concept of using a certifiable containment system, different from a conventional geofencing application, to ensure that the unmanned aircraft does not escape its intended operational area. The proposed assured containment system is expected to reduce the effort needed to regulate some UAS that could not currently meet rigorous aircraft design standards and fall outside of the parameters for operation outlined in the proposed small UAS rule. This paper discusses how assured containment may be a useful approach to limiting risk and reducing an otherwise prohibitive certification burden to enable UAS operations in confined areas. The case study examines the potential effect the assured containment approach might have on airworthiness certification requirements.
Controlling Water Production Using Gelled Polymer Systems (2008)

Summary Arbuckle reservoirs in central Kansas produce by natural water-drive. Although clean oil is usually produced on initial completion of a well, the water cut increases with time. Water cuts of 99% and water production rates of 400 to 3,000 B/D are common. Wells cannot be pumped off. Water production has been reduced selectively by treating wells with a chrome acetate-polyacrylamide gelant. In most cases, incremental oil is produced following the treatment. This paper describes results from a seven-well program in which production wells were treated with chrome acetate-polyacrylamide gelant. Pressure data were obtained before the treatment, during the gel treatment and after gel treatment. Buildup data were interpreted to estimate kh before the treatment, and the extent of permeability reduction to oil and water caused by the treatment. Bottomhole-pressure (BHP) data obtained during the treatment provided were used to monitor gelant placement. Production data following the treatments were analyzed to determine incremental oil production and correlate the treatments to the production response. Water-production rates were reduced in every well, and reductions were persistent during intervals ranging from 7 to 36 months. Incremental oil was produced in four of seven wells treated in the program. The amount of incremental oil increased with volume of gelant injected in wells with openhole completions. Results of this test program suggest how to distinguish wells that are likely to take large treatments from those that can be treated only with small amounts of gelant. These results should improve treatment design and identify wells that are good candidates for successful treatment.
Investigations on Ta <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> /ZnO insulator-semiconductor interfaces (2002)

The electrical and interfacial properties of Ta2O5/ZnO/p-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor structures are investigated using high frequency capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage characteristics. Charge trapping behaviour under Fowler–Nordheim constant current stressing is also reported. An interface state density (1.22×1012 cm−2 eV−1) has been observed for the Ta2O5/ZnO interface.
Ongoing quality control in digital radiography: Report of AAPM Imaging Physics Committee Task Group 151 (2015)

Quality control (QC) in medical imaging is an ongoing process and not just a series of infrequent evaluations of medical imaging equipment. The QC process involves designing and implementing a QC program, collecting and analyzing data, investigating results that are outside the acceptance levels for the QC program, and taking corrective action to bring these results back to an acceptable level. The QC process involves key personnel in the imaging department, including the radiologist, radiologic technologist, and the qualified medical physicist (QMP). The QMP performs detailed equipment evaluations and helps with oversight of the QC program, the radiologic technologist is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the QC program. The continued need for ongoing QC in digital radiography has been highlighted in the scientific literature. The charge of this task group was to recommend consistency tests designed to be performed by a medical physicist or a radiologic technologist under the direction of a medical physicist to identify problems with an imaging system that need further evaluation by a medical physicist, including a fault tree to define actions that need to be taken when certain fault conditions are identified. The focus of this final report is the ongoing QC process, including rejected image analysis, exposure analysis, and artifact identification. These QC tasks are vital for the optimal operation of a department performing digital radiography.
Dual-Color Bioluminescent Sensor Proteins for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antitumor Antibodies (2018)

Monitoring the levels of therapeutic antibodies in individual patients would allow patient-specific dose optimization, with the potential for major therapeutic and financial benefits. Our group recently developed a new platform of bioluminescent sensor proteins (LUMABS; LUMinescent AntiBody Sensor) that allow antibody detection directly in blood plasma. In this study, we targeted four clinically important therapeutic antibodies, the Her2-receptor targeting trastuzumab, the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab, and the EGFR-blocking cetuximab. A strong correlation was found between the affinity of the antibody binding peptide and sensor performance. LUMABS sensors with physiologically relevant affinities and decent sensor responses were obtained for trastuzumab and cetuximab using mimotope and meditope peptides, respectively, with affinities in the 10<sup>-7</sup> M range. The lower affinity of the CD20-derived cyclic peptide employed in the anti-CD20 LUMABS sensor ( K<sub>d</sub> = 10<sup>-5</sup> M), translated in a LUMABS sensor with a strongly attenuated sensor response. The trastuzumab and cetuximab sensors were further characterized with respect to binding kinetics and their performance in undiluted blood plasma. For both antibodies, LUMABS-based detection directly in plasma compared well to the analytical performance of commercial ELISA kits. Besides identifying important design parameters for the development of new LUMABS sensors, this work demonstrates the potential of the LUMABS platform for point-of-care detection of therapeutic antibodies.
A Rapid Synthesis of 2-Aryl-5-substituted-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans (2005)

[reaction: see text] An effective strategy has been developed for the rapid and efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-aryl-5-substituted-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans from readily available o-nitrotoluenes and aromatic aldehydes. This strategy allows access to a structurally diverse array of products for further manipulation.
Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow (2012)

While it has been widely confirmed that cerebral blood flow is closely coupled with brain metabolism, it remains a matter of controversy whether capillary flow is directly controlled to meet the energy demands of the parenchyma. Since the capillary is known to lack smooth muscle cells, it has generally been considered that capillary flow is not regulated in situ. However, we now have increasing data supporting the physiological control of capillary flow. The observation of heterogeneity in the microcirculation in vivo has suggested that intravascular factors may be involved in the flow control, including non-Newtonian rheology, red blood cell flow, leukocyte adhesion, release of vasoactive mediators, and expression of glycoproteins on the endothelial cells. Astrocytes, a key mediator of the neurovascular unit, and intrinsic innervation may also regulate capillary flow. In addition, recent findings on pericyte contractility have attracted the attention of many researchers. Finally, based on these findings, we present a new model of flow control, the proximal integration model, in which localized neural activity is detected at nearby capillaries and the vasodilation signal is transmitted proximally along the vessel. Signals are then integrated at the precapillary arterioles and other arterioles further upstream and regulate the capillary flow.
Transient Nonisothermal Fully Coupled Wellbore/Reservoir Model for Gas-Well Testing, Part 1: Modelling (2011)

Summary A numerical fully implicit nonisothermal wellbore/reservoir simulator is developed. The model entails simultaneous solution of transient coupled mass-, momentum-, and energy-balance equations within the wellbore; energy-balance equations for the tubular and cement materials and the formation surrounding the wellbore; and mass-balance and flow-rate/pressure equations for the reservoir formation. A wellbore heat-loss model that is a strong feature of this study is developed and employed in the model to improve the accuracy of the simulator and to be able to estimate the casing temperature and formation-temperature distribution. The model formulation is completed with an equation of state (EOS) to estimate fluid properties and appropriate friction-factor correlations in the wellbore tubing to compute the frictional pressure drop for different flow regimes. The developed model has several applications in the petroleum industry, particularly in the gas-well testing design and interpretation of both isothermal and nonisothermal gas reservoirs. This nonisothermal simulator is validated through comparisons to both analytical models and an equivalent numerical isothermal coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator that is also developed in this paper. Applications of this simulator to analyzing gas-well testing problems, in addition to several important observations, are extensively studied in Part 2 of this research work (Bahonar et al. 2010). Currently, it has been well accepted that the applicability and significance of a reservoir simulator depend on the behaviour of the wellbore and interaction between the wellbore and reservoir. A robust, accurate coupled wellbore and reservoir simulator is an invaluable tool for the petroleum engineer to help the petroleum industry understand production behaviour, make a meaningful prediction, and make correct decisions in all field-development and production stages.
Multimodal speech recognition using mouth images from depth camera (2017)

Deep learning has been proved to be effective in multimodal speech recognition using facial frontal images. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning method, a trimodal deep autoencoder, which uses not only audio signals and face images, but also depth images of faces, as the inputs. We collected continuous speech data from 20 speakers with Kinect 2.0 and used them for our evaluation. The experimental results with 10dB SNR showed that our method reduced errors by 30%, from 34.6% to 24.2% from audio-only speech recognition when SNR was 10dB. In particular, it is effective for recognizing some consonants including /k/, /t/.
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with color-tagged module-shuffling primers for comparing gene expression levels in various cells (2001)

A method based on the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis for the comparative analysis of gene expression levels was developed. Using the method many cDNA fragments from different sources can be compared simultaneously. Competitive PCR amplification of expressed genes from different sources was performed by using 'module-shuffling primers' (MPSs). The MPSs (labeled with different fluorophores) consist of sequence modules of 3 or 4 nt. The modules are arranged in different orders in each primer; therefore, the base sequences of the primers are different but their melting temperatures are identical. The genes expressed in different sources are ligated with tags complementary with the MPSs. Tag-ligated fragments are mixed in one tube and amplified at the same amplification efficiency by the MPSs. Amplified fragments are detected separately by multiple-color gel electrophoresis. This method can detect different amounts of each expressed gene, up to a difference in amounts of 30%, and its detection limit is 0.1 amol per assay.
Optimal nonnegative color scanning filters (1998)

In this correspondence, the problem of designing color scanning filters for multi-illuminant color recording is considered. The filter transmittances are determined from a minimum-mean-squared orthogonal tristimulus error criterion that minimizes the color error in estimates obtained from noisy recorded data. Nonnegativity constraints essential for physical realizability are imposed on the filter transmittances. In order to demonstrate the significant improvements obtained, the resulting filters are compared with suboptimal filters reported in earlier literature.
Strain Engineering for Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Based Field Effect Transistors (2016)

Using electrical characteristics from three-terminal field-effect transistors (FETs), we demonstrate substantial strain induced band gap tunability in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in line with theoretical predictions and optical experiments. Devices were fabricated on flexible substrates, and a cantilever sample holder was used to apply uniaxial tensile strain to the various multilayer TMD FETs. Analyzing in particular transfer characteristics, we argue that the modified device characteristics under strain are clear evidence of a band gap reduction of 100 meV in WSe2 under 1.35% uniaxial tensile strain at room temperature. Furthermore, the obtained device characteristics imply that the band gap does not shrink uniformly under strain relative to a reference potential defined by the source/drain contacts. Instead, the band gap change is only related to a change of the conduction band edge of WSe2, resulting in a decrease in the Schottky barrier (SB) for electrons without any change for hole injection into the valence band. Simulations of SB device characteristics are employed to explain this point and to quantify our findings. Last, our experimental results are compared with DFT calculations under strain showing excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and the experimental data presented here.
Binding of .alpha.-bungarotoxin to synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 173-204 of the .alpha. subunit of Torpedo, calf, and human acetylcholine receptor and restoration of high-affinity binding by sodium dodecyl sulfate (1988)

In order to investigate structure-function relationships of a segment of the acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit, binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 173-204 of Torpedo, calf, and human alpha subunits was compared using a solid-phase radioassay. The affinities of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin for the calf and human peptides were 15- and 150-fold less, respectively, than for the Torpedo peptide. On the basis of nonconservative substitutions in the calf and human sequences, aromatic residues (Tyr-181, Trp-187, and Tyr-189) are important for the higher affinity binding of the Torpedo peptide. Substitution of negatively charged Glu-180 with uncharged Gln in the calf peptide did not significantly affect toxin binding, indicating Glu-180 alone does not comprise the anionic subsite on the receptor to which the cationic quaternary ammonium groups of cholinergic agents bind. d-Tubocurarine competed toxin binding to the modified calf 32-mer which lacks Glu-180 and Asp-195 present in Torpedo. Thus, the negative subsite could be formed by another negatively charged residue or by more than one amino acid side chain. It is possible that the positive charges on cholinergic ligands are countered by a negative electrostatic potential provided by polar groups, such as the hydroxyl group of tyrosine, present on several residues in this region, and the negative charges present on any of residues 175, 180, 195, or 200. Equilibrium saturation binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to Torpedo peptide 173-204 revealed a minor binding component with an apparent KD of 4.2 nM and a major component with a KD of 63 nM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predictors of Device Activation for Ventricular Arrhythmias and Survival in Patients with Implantable Pacemakers/Defibrillators (1994)

Predictors of survival and arrhythmia recurrence for patients with implanted defibrillators have been reported but patients with sustained, well-tolerated ventricular tachycardia were often excluded from these trials. Arrhythmia recurrence and survival in populations including these patients have been less well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine predictors of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias and mortality in patients who received a tiered therapy antitachycardia pacemaker/defibrillator for ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, or both. Three hundred thirty-seven patients who received a Ventritex CADENCE tiered therapy antitachycardia device at one of 19 participating centers between July 11, 1989 and March 4, 1991 are included in this retrospective analysis. Diagnostic summary data and stored electrograms telemetered from the implanted device were assessed to determine characteristics of recurrent arrhythmias. Mean follow-up was 360 +/- 10 (SEM) days. Thirty-three patients died during follow-up. At least one recurrent ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 205 patients (61%). A total of 7,539 episodes were observed with a mean of 37 +/- 5 per patient. Patients with recurrent ventricular arrhythmias were slightly but significantly older (64 +/- 0.7 vs 59 +/- 1.2 years; P < 0.001) but were not distinguished by gender or underlying structural disease. Patients whose presenting arrhythmia was monomorphic ventricular tachycardia were more likely to experience recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (69% recurrence rate) than patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (46% recurrence rate; P < 0.001). Cycle length of spontaneous tachycardia was also a predictor of arrhythmia recurrence. Patients having slower ventricular arrhythmias were less likely to remain recurrence free. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was similar for patients with and without recurrences. Younger age and absence of arrhythmia recurrence but not presenting arrhythmia were predictors of survival. We conclude that age and presentation with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia are important predictors of arrhythmia recurrence for this patient population. Exclusion of patients with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia underestimates the rate of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias and utilization of device therapy.
Photochemically Stable Fluorescent Heteroditopic Ligands for Zinc Ion (2008)

Photochemically stable fluorescent heteroditopic ligands (9 and 10) for zinc ion were prepared and studied. Two independent metal coordination-driven photophysical processes, chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) and internal (or intramolecular) charge transfer (ICT), were designed into our heteroditopic ligand framework. This strategy successfully relates three coordination states of a ligand, non-, mono-, and dicoordinated, to three fluorescence states, fluorescence OFF, ON at one wavelength, and ON at another wavelength. This ligand platform has provided chemical foundation for applications such as the quantification of zinc concentration over broad ranges (Zhang, L.; Clark, R. J.; Zhu, L. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2894-2903) and molecular logic functions (Zhang, L.; Whitfield, W. A.; Zhu, L. Chem. Commun. 2008, 1880-1882). The binding stoichiometries of dipicolylamino and 2,2'-bipyridyl, the two binding sites featured in heteroditopic ligands 7-10, were studied in acetonitrile using both Job's method of continuous variation and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The fluorescence enhancement of 7-10 upon the formation of monozinc complexes (defined as the fluorescence quantum yield ratio of monozinc complex and free ligand) is qualitatively related to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of their fluorophores. This is consistent with our hypothesis on the thermodynamics of the coordination-driven photophysical processes embodied in the designed heteroditopic system, which was supported by cyclic voltammetry studies. In conclusion, compounds 9 and 10 not only possess better photochemical stability but also display a higher degree of fluorescence turn-on upon formation of monozinc complexes than their vinyl counterparts 7 and 8.