gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of seed-specific promoter nap300 and its comparison with 75 promoter (2002)

By fusing seed-specific promoter nap300 with β-glucuronidase gene, it was found that this about 300bp DNA fragment was sufficient to direct seed-specific gene expression. The substitution mutation in both distB and proxB elements had a little effect on the expression efficiency and almost no effect on the organ-specific expression pattern. In the experiment designed to compare nap300 with 7S promoter, the result showed that tissue specificity for nap300 was higher than that for 7S, and its expression level was lower than 7S' s. There was no big difference in their expression pattern, and the maximal activity stage for the two promoters was identical, which indicated they could be used simultaneously for expressing different foreign genes in seeds.
Amylin Replacement With Pramlintide in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Physiological Approach to Overcome Barriers With Insulin Therapy (2002)

In Brief Many insulin-treated diabetic patients still fail to achieve optimal glycemic control and continue to experience problems with hypoglycemia, weight gain, and postprandial hyperglycemia. Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide, a synthetic analog of the human amylin hormone, facilitates a significant improvement of postprandial and overall glycemic control in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes without an increased risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.
Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2010)

Articular cartilage provides a bearing surface for transmitting forces across joints. The poor ability of cartilage to self-repair has motivated efforts to engineer replacement tissues, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can undergo chondrogenesis, have emerged as a promising cell source. To date however, the functional properties of MSC-based constructs remain lower than those of the native tissue and of chondrocyte-based constructs cultured identically. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is to better understand the transcriptional and functional limitations underlying chondrogenic differentiation and enhance MSC chondrogenesis.\nToward this end, established tissue engineering strategies from the chondrocyte literature were applied. Specifically, the effects of cell seeding density, media formulation and mechanical stimulation were examined with respect to functional growth. Transient application of TGF-β3 improved the compressive properties of MSC-laden constructs, but only when constructs were formed at a higher seeding density. Long-term dynamic compression initiated 3 days after MSC encapsulation impaired functional properties; in contrast, dynamic compression initiated after 3 weeks of chondrogenic pre-culture improved mechanical function. While these strategies enhanced functional chondrogenesis, the compressive properties achieved were ~50% of native tissue levels and did not reach chondrocyte levels. To understand the basis of this difference, microarray analysis was carried out to compare these two cells types and a set of molecular factors were identified as mis-expressed during MSC chondrogenesis.\nAlthough work up to this point focused on optimizing compressive properties, the tensile properties of articular cartilage are also critical to its functional role. In this work, we characterized the tensile properties of MSC-based constructs and demonstrated functional parity with chondrocyte-based constructs. To further enhance these properties, a novel sliding contact bioreactor was developed to better replicate physiologic joint loading conditions. Long-term application of loading to MSC-laden constructs improved not only tensile properties, but instilled biochemical inhomogeneity, reminiscent of native articular cartilage.\nOverall, the work outlined in this thesis represents a significant advancement in engineering cartilage replacements as well as in understanding MSC chondrogenesis. Using a multi-faceted approach, we explored potential routes toward overcoming limitations in chondrogenesis and demonstrated that MSCs are responsive to their chemical and mechanical environment.
Knowledge-based support for rapid software prototyping (1988)

The authors discusses the computer-aided prototyping system's knowledge base and shows how to apply expert-system technology to the software base management subsystem responsible for finding reusable software components with specified properties. She uses rapid prototyping techniques to allow the detection and correlation of requirement errors early in development. The goal is to automate support for analyzing new problem domains rather than automating the generation of many similar systems in well-understood problem domains. For this reason, the author addresses a general purpose computer-aided prototyping system rather than specialized application generators. The discussion focuses on retrieval strategies, declarative knowledge, and transformations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adhesion between peptides/antibodies and breast cancer cells (2010)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to measure the adhesion forces between the receptors on breast cancer cells specific to human luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptides and antibodies specific to the EphA2 receptor. The adhesion forces between LHRH-coated AFM tips and human MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cells) were shown to be about five times greater than those between LHRH-coated AFM tips and normal Hs578Bst breast cells. Similarly, those between EphA2 antibody-coated AFM tips and breast cancer cells were over five times greater than those between EphA2 antibody-coated AFM tips and normal breast cells. The results suggest that AFM can be used for the detection of breast cancer cells in biopsies. The implications of the results are also discussed for the early detection and localized treatment of cancer.
Preexpansion of Free Flap Donor Sites Used in Reconstruction after Burn Injury (1995)

Burn wound management usually can be achieved successfully without reliance on any free tissue transfers. This is true partly because tissue expansion techniques for the creation of local flaps have become increasingly versatile and are a simpler alternative when vascularized tissues are required. However, in special circumstances both concepts can be combined to further enhance reconstruction after burn injury. In addition, pretransfer expansion of free flap donor sites has many advantages over posttransfer expansion because not only is immediate primary donor site closure possible, but fabrication of flaps with desired characteristics of size and thickness can be specifically manipulated simultaneously.
Structural Systems Biology Evaluation of Metabolic Thermotolerance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2013)

Genome-scale network reconstruction has enabled predictive modeling of metabolism for many systems. Traditionally, protein structural information has not been represented in such reconstructions. Expansion of a genome-scale model of Escherichia coli metabolism by including experimental and predicted protein structures enabled the analysis of protein thermostability in a network context. This analysis allowed the prediction of protein activities that limit network function at superoptimal temperatures and mechanistic interpretations of mutations found in strains adapted to heat. Predicted growth-limiting factors for thermotolerance were validated through nutrient supplementation experiments and defined metabolic sensitivities to heat stress, providing evidence that metabolic enzyme thermostability is rate-limiting at superoptimal temperatures. Inclusion of structural information expanded the content and predictive capability of genome-scale metabolic networks that enable structural systems biology of metabolism.
Combined inhibition of AKT/mTOR and MDM2 enhances Glioblastoma Multiforme cell apoptosis and differentiation of cancer stem cells (2015)

The poor prognosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is due to a high resistance to conventional treatments and to the presence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Combination therapies targeting survival/self-renewal signals of GBM and GSCs are emerging as useful tools to improve GBM treatment. In this context, the hyperactivated AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and the inhibited wild-type p53 appear to be good candidates. Herein, the interaction between these pathways was investigated, using the novel AKT/mTOR inhibitor FC85 and ISA27, which re-activates p53 functionality by blocking its endogenous inhibitor murine double minute 2 homologue (MDM2). In GBM cells, FC85 efficiently inhibited AKT/mTOR signalling and reactivated p53 functionality, triggering cellular apoptosis. The combined therapy with ISA27 produced a synergic effect on the inhibition of cell viability and on the reactivation of p53 pathway. Most importantly, FC85 and ISA27 blocked proliferation and promoted the differentiation of GSCs. The simultaneous use of these compounds significantly enhanced GSC differentiation/apoptosis. These findings suggest that FC85 actively enhances the downstream p53 signalling and that a combination strategy aimed at inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway and re-activating p53 signalling is potentially effective in GBM and in GSCs.
Hypothalamic GH receptor gene expression in the rat: effects of altered GH status (1995)

GH synthesis and release from the anterior pituitary is governed by the opposing actions of somatostatin (SS) and GH-releasing factor (GRF), derived from the periventricular and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus respectively. GH is known to regulate its own release by hypothalamic autofeedback mechanisms, but the extent to which this is a direct effect rather than indirectly via the generation of IGFs is still a subject of debate. GH receptors are known to be present in the hypothalamus, but their physiological regulation is poorly understood. We therefore used in situ hybridization histochemistry to investigate the effects of GH status on hypothalamic GH receptor gene expression, using hypophysectomized normal and dw/dw dwarf rats as models of acquired and congenital GH deficiency. Hypophysectomy resulted in a time-dependent reduction in GH receptor gene expression. ARC GH receptor transcripts in untreated dw/dw dwarf rats were half those found in normal animals of the same background strain (16.8 +/- 1.7 vs 9.3 +/- 1.9 d.p.m./mg, P < 0.05). Increasing circulating GH by peripheral infusion of 200 micrograms human GH (hGH)/day for 6 days increased ARC GH receptor expression in dw/dw rats to normal. In contrast, central infusions of hGH at 26.4 and 79.2 micrograms/day for 6 days in normal rats lowered ARC GH receptor gene expression. The sensitivity of GH receptor gene expression within the central nervous system to peripheral and central GH levels suggests that feedback regulation of GRF and/or SS may be mediated directly by these receptors, and that the sensitivity to GH feedback is also subject to autoregulation by GH altering its own receptor expression.
Photovoltaic charging station for electrical vehicles (2003)

A photovoltaic (PV) charging station for electrical vehicles (EV) has been designed and built. The general objective of this work is to study and promote the use of PV energy to charge EV in an urban area. The installation has a 9.24 kWp PV generator designed as a curved parking cover with 6 different tilt angles, from 12.5/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/. Two electric charging towers manage the system energy flow, user control and system monitoring. Two grid connected inverters feed the energy to the EV and excess to the electrical grid. The installation has been designed as portable for demonstration purposes.
Safe Execution of a Large-Scale Ozonolysis:  Preparation of the Bisulfite Adduct of 2-Hydroxyindan-2-carboxaldehyde and Its Utility in a Reductive Amination (2003)

Several routes to bisulfite adduct 2 were explored, the most efficient of which involved vinyl Grignard addition to 2-indanone followed by ozonolysis and workup with aqueous NaHSO3 to effect reduction and bisulfite formation in a single pot. The safety and calorimetry of this ozonolysis reaction was studied, and the safe scale-up to 3 kg of olefin is described. The utility of bisulfite adduct 2 as an aldehyde surrogate in a reductive amination reaction is also described.
Evaluation of Near-Wellbore Formation Treatment by Gel Particles Using Dimensional Analysis (2013)

Abstract Analysis and interpretation of experimental data of laboratory tests of porous formation treatment by gel particles conducted at different gel particles suspension and application conditions are presented based on the dimensional analysis method. The measured permeability reduction caused by gel particles suspension injection into sand packs is correlated successfully by using the dimensionless groups developed from the relevant variables of sand packs, gel particles suspensions, and application operation conditions. The dimensionless correlations are shown to assist in quantifying the effect of the particle-diameter to pore-throat size ratio on permeability reduction, evaluating the treatment of highly permeable and weak near well-bore formations by gel particles, and extrapolating from laboratory to field conditions. The present dimensionless correlations can predict the evolving permeability reduction under the varying conditions of gel particles suspension injection processes. The proposed dimensionless correlations can assist in effective design and mitigation of treatment of high-permeability near-wellbore formations by gel particles for avoiding drilling-fluids lost circulation, remediating reservoir permeability heterogeneity, and reducing water production in waterflooded mature oil fields.
Ablation of hard biological tissue and osteotomy with pulsed CO2 lasers (2006)

In dieser Arbeit wird die Ablation von biologischem Hartgewebe, hauptsachlich kompaktem Knochen, mit gepulsten CO2-Lasern untersucht. Knochengewebe ist ein sehr schwieriges Material fur die Laserbearbeitung, da es aus verschiedenen Komponenten zusammengesetzt ist, deren Eigenschaften dem Knochen seine Kombination von Flexibilitat und Festigkeit geben. Wahrend der mineralische Knochenbestandteil erst bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1280°C schmilzt, konnen Knochenzellen schon bei leichtem Temperaturanstieg uber 42°C geschadigt werden. Das Prozessmodell fur die Ablation von Hartgewebe mit gepulsten IR Lasern ist die so genannte thermo-mechanische Ablation. Sie beruht auf der schnellen Verdampfung des eingeschlossenen Gewebswassers, verbunden mit einem starken Druckanstieg, der das Gewebe zerreist. Die sehr starke Absorption der Strahlung des CO2 Lasers im Knochen ermoglicht eine sehr lokalisierte Energiedeponierung. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die genaue Analyse des Ablationsprozesses von Knochen mit gepulsten CO2 Lasern. Untersucht wurde die Abhangigkeit der Ablationseffizienz vom Wassergehalt des Knochengewebes. Hierfur wurden Knochen mit unterschiedlichem Wassergehalt mit einem gepulsten CO2 Laser bestrahlt. Zur Auswertung wurden optische Messungen der Ablationstiefe, des Ablationsvolumens sowie morphologische Untersuchungen der Oberflachen der Schnitte mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) durchgefuhrt. Fur die Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Schnittoberflachen wurde die energiedispersive Rontgenfluoreszenzspektroskopie (EDX) verwendet. Die gewonnenen Daten unterstutzen das thermo-mechanische Prozessmodell der Hartgewebeablation mit gepulsten CO2 Lasern. Temperaturmessungen mit einer IR Kamera belegen eine nur geringe Erwarmung des umliegenden Gewebes bei korrekter Anwendung des in der Arbeitsgruppe entwickelten und in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Multi-Pass-Scan-Verfahrens fur Knochenschnitte bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung eines feinen Wassersprays wahrend der Lasereinwirkung. Weiterhin werden fur die praktische Anwendung des Verfahrens relevante Untersuchungen zum Vergleich der Abtragseffizienz von verschiedenen CO2- und einem Excimerlaser sowie Techniken zur Schnittaufweitung durchgefuhrt. Eine kunstliche Erweiterung der Spaltbreite des Laserschnittes ermoglicht es tiefe Schnitte zu erzielen (bis 20 mm). Das vorgestellte Multi-Pass-Scan-Verfahren in Kombination mit einer Schnittaufweitung ermoglicht erstmals eine praktische Anwendung der Laserosteotomie in der Hartgewebechirurgie.
Porous Substrates for Label-Free Molecular Level Detection of Nonresonant Organic Molecules (2008)

We report on the design of practical surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based upon 3D alumina membranes with cylindrical nanopores chemically modified with polyelectrolyte coating and loaded with gold nanoparticle clusters. These substrates allow for a molecular-level, label-free detection of common plastic explosive materials (TNT, DNT) down to 5-10 zeptograms or 15-30 molecules and a common liquid explosive (HMTD) down to 1 picogram. Such a sensitive detection of organic molecules by utilizing efficient SERS substrates opens the path for affordable and label-free detection of trace amount of practically important chemical compounds.
<title>Digital Color Image Compression In A Perceptual Space</title> (1978)

A nonlinear mathematical model for the human visual system (HVS) is selected as a preprocessing stage for monochrome and color digital image compression. Rate distortion curves and derived power spectra are used to develop coding algorithms in the preprocessed space. Black and white image compressions down to .1 bit per pixel are obtained. In addition, color images are compressed to 1 bit per pixel (1/3 bit per pixel per color) with less than 1% mean square error and no visible degradations. Minor distor-tions are incurred with compressions down to 1/4 bit per pixel (1/12 bit per pixel per color). Thus, it appears that the perceptual power spectrum coding technique puts' the noise where one can not see it. The result is bit rates up to an order of magnitude lower than those previously obtained with comparable quality.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF A 10% Ni DOPED (<font>YBa</font><sub>2</sub><font>Cu</font><sub>3−x</sub><font>Ni</font><sub>x</sub><font>O</font><sub>y</sub>) HIGH T<sub><font>c</font></sub> SUPERCONDUCTOR (1990)

This study is based on our hypothesis that predicts the possibility of Y–Ba–Ni–O superconductor. A comparative study of Y–Ba–Cu–O and 10% Ni doped Y–Ba–Cu–O (having T c as high as 84 K) is presented. Resistivity, XRD, oxygen content and Cu–K-XANES measurements are reported.
Specificities of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that inhibit adsorption of herpes simplex virus to cells and lack of inhibition by potent neutralizing antibodies (1985)

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to individual herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins were tested for ability to inhibit adsorption of radiolabeled HSV type 1 (HSV-1) strain HFEMsyn [HSV-1(HFEM)syn] to HEp-2 cell monolayers. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for glycoprotein D (gD) or gC and three monoclonal mouse antibodies specific for gD-1 or gC-1 most effectively inhibited HSV-1 adsorption. Antibodies of other specificities had less or no inhibitory activity despite demonstrable binding of the antibodies to virions. Nonimmune rabbit immunoglobulin G and Fc fragments partially inhibited adsorption when used at relatively high concentrations. These results suggest involvement of gD, gC, and perhaps gE (the Fc-binding glycoprotein) in adsorption. The monoclonal anti-gD antibodies that were most effective at inhibiting HSV-1 adsorption had only weak neutralizing activity. The most potent anti-gD neutralizing antibodies had little effect on adsorption at concentrations significantly higher than those required for neutralization. This suggests that, although some anti-gD antibodies can neutralize virus by blocking adsorption, a more important mechanism of neutralization by anti-gD antibodies may be interference with a step subsequent to adsorption, possibly penetration.
Chromatic structure of natural scenes (2001)

We applied independent component analysis (ICA) to hyperspectral images in order to learn an efficient representation of color in natural scenes. In the spectra of single pixels, the algorithm found basis functions that had broadband spectra and basis functions that were similar to natural reflectance spectra. When applied to small image patches, the algorithm found some basis functions that were achromatic and others with overall chromatic variation along lines in color space, indicating color opponency. The directions of opponency were not strictly orthogonal. Comparison with principal-component analysis on the basis of statistical measures such as average mutual information, kurtosis, and entropy, shows that the ICA transformation results in much sparser coefficients and gives higher coding efficiency. Our findings suggest that nonorthogonal opponent encoding of photoreceptor signals leads to higher coding efficiency and that ICA may be used to reveal the underlying statistical properties of color information in natural scenes.
A 64-channel readout ASIC for nanowire biosensor array with electrical calibration scheme (2010)

A 1.8-mW, 18.5-mm(2) 64-channel current readout ASIC was implemented in 0.18-µm CMOS together with a new calibration scheme for silicon nanowire biosensor arrays. The ASIC consists of 64 channels of dedicated readout and conditioning circuits which incorporate correlated double sampling scheme to reduce the effect of 1/f noise and offset from the analog front-end. The ASIC provides a 10-bit digital output with a sampling rate of 300 S/s whilst achieving a minimum resolution of 7 pA(rms). A new electrical calibration method was introduced to mitigate the issue of large variations in the nano-scale sensor device parameters and optimize the sensor sensitivity. The experimental results show that the proposed calibration technique improved the sensitivity by 2 to 10 times and reduced the variation between dataset by 9 times.
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Trisomy Detection (2008)

Matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is a tool currently under investigation for use in prenatal detection of abnormalities in chromosome number, such as trisomy 21. Because of its ability to detect extremely small differences in mass, even to the level of a single nucleotide difference, this method can be applied to the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which when present in a heterozygous state, can yield quantitative information regarding chromosome status from diagnostic specimens such as amniotic fluid or chorionic villus samples. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has several potential advantages over traditional karyotyping methods, including its amenability to high-throughput analyses and its nonreliance on prior cell culture. The method described here is based on the MassEXTEND protocol developed by Sequenom, Inc., although any mass spectrometry platform sensitive enough to detect the small difference in mass between SNPs could be applied for this purpose.