gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rimonabant on Glycemic Control in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: The ARPEGGIO Trial (2009)

OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy and safety of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid receptor type-1 antagonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin monotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (n = 368; A1C > or =7%) were randomized to 20 mg/day rimonabant or placebo in this 48-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Change in baseline A1C to week 48 (primary outcome) and changes in body weight, waist circumference, and lipid levels (secondary outcomes) were assessed. RESULTS Rimonabant significantly reduced baseline A1C versus placebo (-0.89 vs. -0.24%; P < 0.0001), and significantly greater improvements were observed in cardiometabolic risk factors. More rimonabant patients achieved >10% reduction in mean total daily insulin dose versus placebo (P = 0.0012), and fewer required rescue medication (P < 0.0001). Hypoglycemia, nausea, dizziness, anxiety, and depression were more frequent with rimonabant. CONCLUSIONS Rimonabant improved glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.
Validation of the Swiss methane emission inventory by atmospheric observations and inverse modelling (2016)

Abstract. Atmospheric inverse modelling has the potential to provide observation-based estimates of greenhouse gas emissions at the country scale, thereby allowing for an independent validation of national emission inventories. Here, we present a regional-scale inverse modelling study to quantify the emissions of methane (CH4) from Switzerland, making use of the newly established CarboCount-CH measurement network and a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model. In our reference inversion, prior emissions were taken from the "bottom-up" Swiss Greenhouse Gas Inventory (SGHGI) as published by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment in 2014 for the year 2012. Overall we estimate national CH4 emissions to be 196 ± 18 Gg yr−1 for the year 2013 (1σ uncertainty). This result is in close agreement with the recently revised SGHGI estimate of 206 ± 33 Gg yr−1 as reported in 2015 for the year 2012. Results from sensitivity inversions using alternative prior emissions, uncertainty covariance settings, large-scale background mole fractions, two different inverse algorithms (Bayesian and extended Kalman filter), and two different transport models confirm the robustness and independent character of our estimate. According to the latest SGHGI estimate the main CH4 source categories in Switzerland are agriculture (78 %), waste handling (15 %) and natural gas distribution and combustion (6 %). The spatial distribution and seasonal variability of our posterior emissions suggest an overestimation of agricultural CH4 emissions by 10 to 20 % in the most recent SGHGI, which is likely due to an overestimation of emissions from manure handling. Urban areas do not appear as emission hotspots in our posterior results, suggesting that leakages from natural gas distribution are only a minor source of CH4 in Switzerland. This is consistent with rather low emissions of 8.4 Gg yr−1 reported by the SGHGI but inconsistent with the much higher value of 32 Gg yr−1 implied by the EDGARv4.2 inventory for this sector. Increased CH4 emissions (up to 30 % compared to the prior) were deduced for the north-eastern parts of Switzerland. This feature was common to most sensitivity inversions, which is a strong indicator that it is a real feature and not an artefact of the transport model and the inversion system. However, it was not possible to assign an unambiguous source process to the region. The observations of the CarboCount-CH network provided invaluable and independent information for the validation of the national bottom-up inventory. Similar systems need to be sustained to provide independent monitoring of future climate agreements.
Macrophage-Derived Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Accelerates Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2012)

Macrophage-derived Angptl2 contributes to AAA development by inducing inflammation and degradation of extracellular matrix in the vessel wall, suggesting that targeting the Angptl2-induced inflammatory axis in macrophages could represent a new strategy for AAA therapy.
Entertaining Deities In Rebgong (2002)

The Laru ritual takesplace in about twentyTibetan and Monguor(Tu)villages aroundRongwu Town,Ton-gren County, HuangnanTibetan Autonomous Prefec-ture,Qinghai Province eachyear beginning on the six-teenth day of the sixth lunarmonth.
An adaptive current mode fuzzy logic controller for DC-to-DC converters (2004)

This paper introduces a new fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using inductor current feedback for significantly improving the dynamic performance of DC-to-DC converters. Inductor current plays an important role in high performance DC-to-DC converter control and FLC is suitable to deal with time-varying nonlinear nature of power converters. Based on the feedback of the inductor current, the new control method combines the merits of both the conventional FLC and current mode control. The dynamic performance of power converter system is improved. Furthermore, in order to enhance system robustness and adaptability, a new nonlinear configuration called extended state observer (ESO) is developed. By using ESO, the influence of load disturbances and parameter changes are precisely estimated and compensated without accurate knowledge of converter parameters. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed methods ensure good robustness and adaptability under modeling uncertainty and external disturbance, such as load current variation, supply voltage changes and converter parameter changes. It is concluded that the proposed topology produces substantial improvement of dynamic performances such as small overshoot, more damping and fast transient time under different operating conditions. In addition, small signal frequency response analysis demonstrates that by using the proposed FLC, the bandwidth and phase margin of the closed loop system have been significantly increased.
Nitrofurantoin and peripheral neuropathy with megaloblastic anaemia. (1966)

Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic antibacterial drug derived from furan by the addition of a nitro group and a side chain containing hydantoin (Fig. It has a bacteriostatic, and, in higher concentration, a bactericidal, action on a wide range of Gram- positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is widely used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Global analysis of gene activity during<i>Arabidopsis</i>seed development and identification of seed-specific transcription factors (2010)

Most of the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for controlling seed development are not yet known. To identify TF genes expressed at specific stages of seed development, including those unique to seeds, we used Affymetrix GeneChips to profile Arabidopsis genes active in seeds from fertilization through maturation and at other times of the plant life cycle. Seed gene sets were compared with those expressed in prefertilization ovules, germinating seedlings, and leaves, roots, stems, and floral buds of the mature plant. Most genes active in seeds are shared by all stages of seed development, although significant quantitative changes in gene activity occur. Each stage of seed development has a small gene set that is either specific at the level of the GeneChip or up-regulated with respect to genes active at other stages, including those that encode TFs. We identified 289 seed-specific genes, including 48 that encode TFs. Seven of the seed-specific TF genes are known regulators of seed development and include the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes LEC1, LEC1-LIKE, LEC2, and FUS3. The rest represent different classes of TFs with unknown roles in seed development. Promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion experiments and seed mRNA localization GeneChip datasets showed that the seed-specific TF genes are active in different compartments and tissues of the seed at unique times of development. Collectively, these seed-specific TF genes should facilitate the identification of regulatory networks that are important for programming seed development.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of HIP Consolidated 18%Ni Maraging Steel (1987)

Caracterisation des microstructures par microscopie electronique a balayage d'un acier maraging compacte a chaud. Influence de la taille des particules sur les proprietes mecaniques de ces aciers
Physiologic Evidence for a Dual A-V Transmission System (1956)

A study of the transmission of early premature contractions between atria and ventricles and in the retrograde direction in the dog heart suggests the existence of two parallel A-V conduction pathways communicating with each other over one or more branches. The evidence is based on the excessive delay of very early premature responses in traversing the node, suggesting that a slowly conducting pathway recovers earlier than the normal "fast" pathway; on the echoing back to the chamber of origin of early premature responses; and on ventricular electrograms of "abnormal" configuration obtained during early premature responses. These observations and the hypothesis to which they lead provide a natural explanation for reciprocal rhythm and nodal paroxysmal tachycardia.
Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of a New 10% Liquid Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency (2012)

Pharmacokinetic parameters of specific antibody activities were essentially the same as those of total IgG. Biotest-IVIG is safe and effective in the treatment of PID.
Restricted Cell Surface Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 in Pediatric B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Suggests Targetability with Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies (2012)

Collectively, this study suggests that ROR1 merits preclinical and clinical investigations as a novel target for mAb-based therapies in pediatric B-ALL. We propose cell surface expression of ROR1 detected by flow cytometry as primary inclusion criterion for pediatric B-ALL patients in future clinical trials of ROR1-targeted therapies.
Prebiotic effects of chicory inulin in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (2004)

The prebiotic potential of native chicory inulin was assessed in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) by monitoring microbial community from the colon compartments, its metabolic activity and community structure. Inulin addition selected for a higher short chain fatty acid production with shifts towards propionic and butyric acid. Conventional culture-based techniques and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed no remarkable changes in the overall microbial community from the colon compartments of the SHIME, whereas selective effects were seen for lactic acid bacteria. Quantitative PCR with bifidobacteria-specific primers revealed a significant increase with more than 1 log CFU ml(-1) from the proximal to distal colon, in contrast to culture-based techniques, which only showed a minor bifidogenic effect in the ascending colon. Our results indicate that inulin purports prebiotic effects from the proximal to distal colon and that real-time PCR is a more precise technique to detect differences in bifidobacterial populations whereas conventional culturing techniques are much more variable.
Robust time delay estimation for sound source localization in noisy environments (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of robust localization of a sound source in a wide range of operating environments. We use fractional lower order statistics in the frequency domain of two-sensor measurements to accurately locate the source in impulsive noise. We demonstrate a significant improvement in detection via simulation experiments of a sound source in /spl alpha/-stable noise. Applications of this technique include the efficient steering of a microphone array in teleconference applications.
WU, MIN AND A LITTLE HAKKA LEXICAL TONE SANDHI: RIGHT AND LEFT (1984)

An initial assay of Wu and Min lexical tone sandhi opens inquiry into a possible source : Austronesian pitch accent, and into a sandhi origin for the "third" tone ( qu/departing ). One important element in such an assay is the feature Right/Left : focus = preservation, stress, retention, etc, towards the Right or towards the Left. Northern Wu appears to be focus Left, and destressing seems to be spreading in the area. Southern Wu and Min are focus Right. Southern Wu focus does not prevent some Right mergers, and often it is the last two syllables acting together that is the focus. Northern Min shows similarities to Southern Wu, but Southern Min can be said to have no tone sandhi at all : The Amoy et al tone circles appear to be artifacts of changes in isolation values, since they are virtual reconstructions of the probable prototone values. The one Hakka dialect examined appears to be like Northern Min/Southern Wu. On the basis of this assay, I would hazard the guess that in the study of the origin of lexical tone sandhi, Southern Min should be classified with the Cantonese/Thai type, Northern Wu as a separate type heavily influenced by Mandarin, and Southern Wu/Northern Min as the preservation of the oldest, most Austronesianoid type of sandhi. Further speculation would be foolhardly until more information is available and more detailed comparisons and histories are drawn up.
Current trends in dental implants (2014)

Tooth loss is very a very common problem; therefore, the use of dental implants is also a common practice. Although research on dental implant designs, materials and techniques has increased in the past few years and is expected to expand in the future, there is still a lot of work involved in the use of better biomaterials, implant design, surface modification and functionalization of surfaces to improve the long-term outcomes of the treatment. This paper provides a brief history and evolution of dental implants. It also describes the types of implants that have been developed, and the parameters that are presently used in the design of dental implants. Finally, it describes the trends that are employed to improve dental implant surfaces, and current technologies used for the analysis and design of the implants.
Robust Bias Corrected Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses. (2000)

This paper presents a robust and accurate technique for an estimation of the best-t ellipse going through the given set of points. The approach is based on a least squares minimization of algebraic distances of the points with a correction of the statistical bias caused during the computation. An accurate ellipse-specic solution is guaranteed even for scattered or noisy data with outliers. Although the nal algorithm is iterative, it typically converges in a fraction of time needed for a true orthogonal tting based on Eucleidan distances of points. Keywords: ellipses, least squares, robust tting, M-estimators, statistical bias, renormalization 1
Immunological characterization and transcription profiling of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD): case study (2012)

The Immunological findings in the ASD/SPAD children who exhibit fluctuating behavioral symptoms and cognitive skills cannot be solely attributed to SPAD. Instead, these findings may be more specific for ASD/SPAD children with the above-described clinical characteristics, indicating a possible role of these immune abnormalities in their neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with male breast carcinoma (2001)

BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now a widely implemented technique for evaluating the axilla in women with early stage breast carcinoma. Men who develop breast carcinoma are at similar risk as their female counterparts of developing the morbidities related to axillary dissection. SLNB is aimed at preventing these morbidities. In this study, the authors evaluated the role of SLNB in the treatment of men with early stage breast carcinoma. METHODS Among the 1692 patients who underwent SLNB at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 16 men with breast carcinoma were identified. The charts and records of these 16 patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean patient age was 57.2 years. The mean tumor size was 1.3 cm. In 15 of 16 patients (93.75%) and in all patients with T1 tumors, one or more sentinel lymph nodes were successfully identified. SLNB failed in one patient, who had a T2 tumor (3 cm). Ten of the 15 patients had negative sentinel lymph nodes (66.7%). Four of these patients had no additional lymph nodes removed, whereas six patients had additional lymph nodes removed, all of which were negative. Two patients (13.3%) had positive sentinel lymph nodes on frozen-section analysis and underwent immediate completion axillary dissection: Both had additional positive lymph nodes. Three patients (20.0%) had positive sentinel lymph nodes on further sectioning or immunohistochemistry, and two patients underwent completion axillary dissection: Neither patient had additional positive lymph nodes. The third patient had one immunohistochemically positive lymph node and did not undergo completion axillary dissection. CONCLUSIONS SLNB for patients with breast carcinoma was as successful in men as it has been shown to be in women and may be offered as a management option to men with early stage breast carcinoma by surgeons who are experienced with the technique. Cancer 2001;91:319–23. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Illegitimate WNT Pathway Activation by β-Catenin Mutation or Autocrine Stimulation in T-Cell Malignancies (2008)

Recent studies in mice have shown a role for the canonical WNT pathway in lymphocyte development. Because cancers often arise as a result of aberrant activation of signaling cascades that normally promote the self-renewal and expansion of their progenitor cells, we hypothesized that activation of the WNT pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disease. Therefore, we screened a large panel (n = 162) of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), including all major WHO categories, for nuclear expression of beta-catenin, a hallmark of "active" WNT signaling. In 16 lymphomas, mostly of T-lineage origin, nuclear localization of beta-catenin was detected. Interestingly, some of these tumors contained established gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding beta-catenin (CTNNB1); however, in the majority, mutations in either CTNNB1 or APC were not detected. Functional analysis of WNT signaling in precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukemias, the NHL subset in which beta-catenin accumulation was most prevalent (33% positive), revealed a constitutively activated, but still responsive, WNT pathway, which controlled T-cell factor-mediated gene transcription and cell growth. Our data indicate that activation of the WNT pathway, either by CTNNB1 mutation or autocrine stimulation, plays a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of NHLs, in particular, those of T-cell origin.
Synthesis of Optically Active Amines Employing Recombinant ω‐Transaminases in <i>E. coli</i> Cells (2009)

Abstract Various recombinant ω‐transaminases, overexpressed in E. coli cells and employed as whole‐cell catalysts, are tested for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amines from the corresponding prochiral ketones. Optically pure ( S )‐amines are obtained by formal reductive amination, consuming just ammonia and a cheap reducing agent (formate) with up to 99 % ee and 97 % yield. The other enantiomer was accessible by employing the same ω‐transaminases in a kinetic resolution starting from racemic amines. A ω‐transaminase derived from an Arthrobacter species displayed the highest stereoselectivity for all substrates tested, both for the kinetic resolution of rac ‐amines and for the amination of ketones.
Electrical and structural characteristics of thin nitrided gate oxides prepared by rapid thermal nitridation (1984)

The electrical and structural characteristics of thin nitrided thermal oxides prepared by rapid thermal nitridization (RTN) have been studied. Nitridization times vary between 3 s and 5 min in an ammonia ambient. Films have been characterized using Auger, ellipsometry, C-V and I-V techniques. RTN allows to form surface nitridized oxides (NO), surface-interface nitridized oxides (NON), and oxinitrides. The effective refractive index varies between 1.45 to 1.7. Catastrophic breakdown voltages of RTN oxides are up to 3 time higher than thermal oxides. Optically and electrically determined permitivities of RTN films agree closely. RTN induced flat band shifts for times shorter than 10 s at 1150 C and 100 A oxides are monotonic with the nitridization time and explained by positive fixed charges with a density of the order of 1 1011 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> without significant changes in the fast interface state density. RTN oxides show an excellent potential for submicron MOS technologies.
HEVC decoder acceleration on multi-core X86 platform (2014)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallel decoding strategy for HEVC which combines task-level parallelism and datalevel parallelism based on CTUs. The data-level parallelism makes the execution time distribution of different decoding stages more balanced, and makes the task-level parallelism more efficient. Our approach imposes no constraint on bit streams that they shall be generated by optional parallel coding tools such as tiles or WPP, so it can be applied for all kinds of HEVC bit streams. Furthermore, SSE, a typical SIMD instruction set on X86 platform, is utilized to accelerate time-consuming modules, which shortens the execution time gaps between different stages and make them in favor of parallel processing. We have implemented these acceleration strategies on HM-10.0 decoder, and a great speed-up ratio is achieved.
Effect of superoxide dismutase and acidified sodium nitrite on infarct size following ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. (1997)

The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) alone or in combination with acidified sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a liberator of nitric oxide were examined in dogs after ischemia and reperfusion. Animals were divided into five groups. Left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 min followed by 4 hours of reperfusion with or without therapeutic interventions given preceding reperfusion. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and ECG changes were monitored throughout the study. Area at risk was defined by Evans blue and area of infarction by incubation in triphenyltetrazolium. Myocardial tissue lipid peroxidation was measured in ischemic and non-ischemic zones. There was no evidence of infarction until ninety minutes of ischemia. Percentage area of necrosis vis-a-vis area at risk percentage necrosis in left vertricular mass was significantly low in animals treated with combination of SOD and NaNO2 in comparison with isolated treatment with saline, SOD or NaNO2. LVEDP increased significantly following ischemia and remained unchanged during saline reperfusion. Treatment with SOD, NaNO2 in isolation or its combination significantly lowered LVEDP. Maximum increase in tissue lipid peroxidation was observed in saline and NaNO2 treated animals. SOD alone or in combination with NaNO2 significantly lowered the lipid peroxidation. The results clearly demonstrate that reperfusion can cause necrosis in ischemic myocardium. Combined treatment with SOD and NaNO2 offers significant cardioprotection against oxidative stress.
Copper-catalyzed free-radical C–H arylation of pyrroles (2013)

A room temperature copper-catalyzed radical arylation of pyrroles with anilines, through in situ generated aryl diazonium salts, has been developed under neutral conditions. Experimental and theoretical studies explain the crucial role of CaCO3 and the high regioselectivity observed.