gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anemia of Chronic Disease: Pathophysiology and Laboratory Diagnosis (2005)

Classic iron deficiency (ID) does not represent a challenge for the laboratory and physicians. The anemia that accompanies infection, inflammation, and cancer, commonly termed anemia of chronic disease (ACD), features apparently normal or increased iron stores. However, 20% of these patients have iron-restricted erythropoiesis (functional ID), an imbalance between the iron requirements of the erythroid marrow and the actual iron supply. Functional ID leads to a reduction in red cell hemoglobiniza-tion, causing hypochromic microcytic anemia. The diagnosis of functional ID in real time is based on measuring the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes. An examination of the biochemical markers of iron metabolism demonstrates weaknesses in the diagnosis of functional ID. We developed a diagnostic plot for the assessment of iron status in ACD and the detection of advancing ID in patients with ID, ACD, and the combined state of functional ID and ACD. The plot indicates the correlation between a marker of the iron supply for erythropoiesis (ie, the ratio of the soluble transferrin receptor value to the logarithm of the ferritin value) and the reticulocyte hemoglobin content and functions as a marker of iron demand. The diagnostic plot shows good selectivity for assessing the iron status of disease-specific anemias such as classic ID, end-stage renal failure, cancer-related anemia, and the anemia of infection and inflammation. The therapeutic implications of the diagnostic plot are to differentiate patients who should be administered oral iron supplements, recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO), or a combination of r-HuEPO and iron. The response of erythropoiesis to r-HuEPO depends on the iron supply and the proliferation of erythropoiesis. The lack of an increase or a decrease in reticulocyte hemoglobin levels indicates a nonresponder to r-HuEPO or functional ID.
Chaos-Based Encryption for Digital Images and Videos (2004)

Many digital services, such as pay-TV, confidential video conferencing, medical and military imaging systems, require reliable security in storage and transmission of digital images/videos.As the rapid progress of Internet in the digital world today, the security of digital images/videos has become more and more important.In recent years, more and more consumer electronic services and devices, such as mobile phones and PDA (personal digital assistant), have also started to provide additional functions of saving and exchanging multimedia messages.The prevalence of multimedia technology in our society has promoted digital images and videos to play a more significant role than the traditional dull texts, which demands a serious protection of users' privacy.To fulfill such security and privacy needs in various applications, encryption of images and videos is very important to frustrate malicious attacks from unauthorized parties.From early 1990s, many efforts have been made to investigate specific solutions to image/video encryption.Due to the tight relationship between chaos theory and cryptography, chaotic cryptography has also been extended to design image and video encryption schemes.This chapter focuses on different image/video encryption algorithms based on chaos, and clarifies some experiences, lessons and principles of using chaos to design such encryption schemes.To start, a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art of image/video encryption will first be given as background and motivation for the discussion of the chapter.The organization of this chapter is as follows.In Sec.4.2, some preliminaries on image/video encryption are first given.Sec.4.3 is a comprehensive review on today's image/video encryption technology without using chaos theory.Chaos-based image and video encryption schemes are then surveyed in Sec.4.4.Some experiences, lessons and principles drawn from existing chaos-based image/video encryption algorithms are commented and discussed in Sec.4.5.The last section concludes the chapter. Image/
Long-length GdBCO coated conductors with IBAD/PLD method (2008)

We fabricated a long-length GdBCO(GdBa2Cu3O7-δ) coated conductor by the ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) methods. The GdBCO tape was over 400 m in length with 1.5-2.0 MA/cm2 of the critical density. The critical currents of the tape were over "304.8 A/cm" along 368 m in length. So we have achieved "Ic × L = 112,116 Am". For the IBAD process, we have already developed 500 m-length IBAD-Gd2Zr2O7 (IBAD-GZO) tapes with highly aligned in-plane texture, and continuously fabricate 250 m-length tapes at a rate of 0.5∼1 km/month. In addition, we have also developed a new type template for the IBAD-GZO, to enable the production rate fast. Structure of the template is IBAD-GZO/IBAD-MgO/Y2O3. It is note that MgO (111) is parallel to the substrate normal and three fold symmetry. For this structure, the film thickness of the IBAD-GZO could lessen from 1.2 μm to 0.3 μm. By the new IBAD buffer layer, a production rate is expected to be over 30 m/h.
Creative ceramic color : a practical system (1989)

This work aims to serve as a catalogue of tooth types, offering a handy collection of shade formulations, a training guide, and a chairside aid for patients. The book teaches the pratitioner and the technician how to fabricate lifelike ceramic restorations.
Optimization of a digoxigenin-based immunoassay system for gene detection in Arabidopsis thaliana. (2009)

Digoxigenin is derived from a plant steroid hormone digoxin found in the plants Digitalis sp. Digoxigenin has been used successfully in labeling nucleic acids. In this experiment we optimized minimum probe requirement for a nonradioactive digoxigenin-based gene detection system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that 1 microL of labeled probe was sufficient to hybridize onto 1-10 microg of target plasmid DNA. We also examined the sensitivity of labeled probe and showed that 2 microL of labeled probe was not able to hybridize with 1 microg of target DNA, although 2 microL of labeled probe was able to detect target DNA ranging from 2 to 10 microg. To test the efficacy of our optimization protocol, we used 1 microL of labeled plasmid DNA pU16893 harboring an Arabidopsis housekeeping gene elongation factor-1 and showed that the elongation factor-1 gene could be detected in Arabidopsis genome under various environmental conditions. This paper describes a nonradioactive in situ hybridization technique to detect nucleic acids in plants.
A CONDENSATION OF ACETOPHENONE WITH ISATIN BY THE KNOEVENAGEL METHOD<sup>1</sup> (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA CONDENSATION OF ACETOPHENONE WITH ISATIN BY THE KNOEVENAGEL METHOD1H. G. Lindwall and J. S. MaclennanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 12, 4739–4744Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01351a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01351a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1271Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of nitrogen-doped titania with high visible light induced photocatalytic activity by mechanochemical reaction of titania and hexamethylenetetramine (2003)

Nitrogen-doped yellowish rutile titania was prepared by a mechanochemical method. The samples were prepared by high-energy ball milling of a P-25 titania powder with various amounts of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) under different milling conditions at around room temperature. The effects of the reaction conditions on the phase composition, particle size, specific surface area, amount of nitrogen-doping, microstructure and photocatalysis of nitrogen monoxide destruction were investigated in detail. The high mechanical energy accelerated the transformation of the phase from anatase to rutile, while the presence of HMT decreased the phase transformation. Residual HMT and by-products could be removed by post-milling calcination in air at 400 °C. The nitrogen-doped yellowish titania possessed two absorption edges at around 400 and 550 nm and showed excellent photocatalytic ability for nitrogen monoxide oxidation under visible light irradiation. Irradiation with visible light of wavelength >510 nm allowed nearly 37% nitrogen monoxide to be continuously removed by the nitrogen-doped titania prepared by planetary ball milling of a P-25 titania–10 wt% HMT mixture at 700 rpm for 120 min followed by calcination in air at 400 °C.
Effects of oil type and aqueous phase composition on oil–water mixtures containing particles of intermediate hydrophobicity (2000)

The behaviour of emulsions stabilised by partially hydrophobic spherical silica particles is described for systems in which the oil type is varied in mixtures with water, and for toluene-containing systems in which water is replaced by other polar solvents. Using contact angle measurements on flat glass substrates, we deduce that particles are more hydrophobic at polar oil–water interfaces (esters and alcohols), preferring water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, and more hydrophilic at non-polar oil–water interfaces (alkanes), with the preferred emulsion type being oil-in-water (o/w). Formamide systems are similar to those of water, whereas emulsions could not be prepared with glycerol or ethylene glycol. In contrast to a surfactant-stabilised emulsion, we find that the preferred emulsion type depends on the initial location of particles in that the continuous phase is the phase in which particles are first dispersed. Using undecanol as oil, we observe an interesting phenomenon during the complete breakdown of viscous w/o emulsions involving contraction to retain the shape of the vessel. Finally, we determine the partitioning of particles between toluene and water and show that particles can be rendered more hydrophilic by simply increasing the pH of the aqueous phase. An increase in the wettability by water in this way is used to shed new light on the behaviour of different particle-containing systems involved in demulsification, flotation and antifoaming.
Retinal Reflex Photometry as a Screening Device for Amblyopia and Preamblyopic States in Children (1983)

Aberration in the physical structure or alignment of the eyes may produce pathologic neurocompensatory changes in the brain that, if left unattended, become irreversible. Two common examples of this abnormal state are accommodative esotropia and amblyopia. Both have a large optic component in their etiology and in most cases are correctable by optic methods. Generated retinal reflex photometry is a screening method that can detect, in the eyes of children, optic defects that tend to be the antecedents of more serious neurocompensatory processes. Detection at an early age permits more effective management and treatment of amblyopia. This technique is fast, safe, and inexpensive and provides a permanent record. It requires no response from the subject except a modicum of cooperation. It is attractive as an ocular screening method because it does not require highly trained personnel to administer the examination, yet appears to be accurate. The results lend themselves to mechanized processing.
Lithium Carbonate Decreases Ultrafiltration Rates in an Experimental Model of Pd (1994)

Animal studies have shown increased fluid absorption from the peritoneal cavity following intraperitoneal (ip) vasopressin. Lithium is known to antagonize vasopressin effects on fluid absorption in kidney distal nephrons. The aim of the present study was to see whether lithium-containing exchanges increase the ultrafiltration rates (UF) during peritoneal dialysis (PD) in rats. PD was carried out in 6 Sprague-Dawley rats with 1.5% dextrose-containing PD solution using 15-ml volumes. Each exchange (ex) took 1 min for inflow, 4 mins for outflow and 25 mins for dwell. All rats underwent 9 consecutive half-hourly exs. During exs 4-6 lithium carbonate 2.5 mM was added to the PD solution. During lithium-containing exs significant increases in the glucose absorption rates (3.9 +/- 7.8 vs 37.5 +/- 8.1 mg/ex; p = 0.025) were associated with significant reductions in the UF (3.03 +/- 0.25 vs 1.78 +/- 0.12 ml/ex; p = 0.005). In conclusion, the isolated increase in glucose absorption without increases in the dialysate protein concentration with ip lithium, may suggest either a selective increase in size of the pores with a mean dimater near that of the glucose molecule or enhanced lymphatic absorption. ip lithium did not increase the UF in a rat model of PD.
Characteristics of incidental pineal cysts on magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

Three patients with different neurological complaints were studied by magnetic resonance imaging. Coincidentally, all studies showed cystic changes within the pineal bodies. These cysts appeared hypointense on T1-weighted, spin-echo pulse sequences and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Spin-density sequences displayed them as hypointense areas, with relaxation times similar to those of the CSF, suggesting their cystic nature. The increased use of magnetic resonance imaging may result in coincidental imaging of involutional cystic pineal changes of many individuals; their characteristic appearance will allow the differentiation between them and pineal neoplastic conditions.
Low-dose enteric-coated aspirin: a practical approach to continuous-release low-dose aspirin and presystemic acetylation of human platelet cyclooxygenase. (1986)

Using a granular enteric-coated aspirin (ECA) preparation, we achieved continuous release of low-dose aspirin and associated inhibition of platelet reactivity. The lowest once-daily dose that produced greater than 90% inhibition of serum thromboxane (TX) A2 after 7 days was 80 mg. The time course of inhibition after the first dose indicated a gradual release of aspirin over a period of 8 hours. We subsequently fractionated this 80 mg dose into three times daily doses of 27 mg that were administered to nine healthy men for 7 days. This regimen resulted in 96% inhibition of serum TXA2 generation (P less than 0.001), inhibition of in vitro platelet aggregation (P less than 0.05), prolongation of the bleeding time by 75% (P less than 0.01), and a threefold increase in inhibition of platelet aggregation by prostacyclin (P less than 0.01) compared with pre-ECA values. In contrast to our previous study using daily 80 mg doses of ECA, after the 27 mg three times daily regimen we found a significant increase in circulating platelet cyclooxygenase activity 24 hours after the final dose (P less than 0.05). This immediate recovery indicates active megakaryocyte cyclooxygenase and suggests that acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase was restricted to the presystemic circulation. We conclude that long-term dosing with 27 mg ECA three times daily results in profound inhibition of platelet TXA2 production, and diminished in vitro and in vivo platelet reactivity. This regimen provides a practical approach to achieving continuous release of low-dose aspirin and possible presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase.
[Dependence of atropin-induced amnesia fluctuations on the state of pineal gland]. (2009)

Atropin produces weakening of the memory on the model of passive avoidance reaction in rats, the effect being more pronounced in evening hours. The drug effect is increased in pinealectomized animals and attenuated by the pineal hormone melatonin, also differently in daytime.
Ecology and Population Biology of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil (2003)

Soil serves as a reservoir for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, fungi that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities. Populations in soil are genetically diverse and individual genotypes show a clustered distribution pattern within fields. Surveys over large geographic regions suggest that climate and crop composition influence species density and aflatoxin‐producing potential. Aflatoxigenic fungi reside in soil as conidia, sclerotia and hyphae, which act as primary inocula for directly infecting peanuts or for infecting aerial crops (corn, cottonseed, tree nuts) through wind and insect dispersal. Infected crops periodically replenish soil populations during drought years.
Learning to Relate Images (2013)

A fundamental operation in many vision tasks, including motion understanding, stereopsis, visual odometry, or invariant recognition, is establishing correspondences between images or between images and data from other modalities. Recently, there has been increasing interest in learning to infer correspondences from data using relational, spatiotemporal, and bilinear variants of deep learning methods. These methods use multiplicative interactions between pixels or between features to represent correlation patterns across multiple images. In this paper, we review the recent work on relational feature learning, and we provide an analysis of the role that multiplicative interactions play in learning to encode relations. We also discuss how square-pooling and complex cell models can be viewed as a way to represent multiplicative interactions and thereby as a way to encode relations.
Stress-induced leakage current comparison of giga-bit scale DRAM capacitors with OCS (one-cylinder-storage) node (2002)

Leakage current characteristics of capacitors for gigabit scale DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memory), where low leakage current is required to meet the specification for the data retention time, have been studied. Rugged-silicon technology, used to increase the surface of the storage nodes, causes large leakage current because the trap density of the dielectric on the rugged-Si is larger than that of the capacitors without rugged-Si. In-situ plasma phosphorus doping and nitridation of the storage node in a single wafer process chamber is an effective method to reduce the leakage current.
Violence and High School Sports Participation (1995)

This study sought to examine whether athletes are more violent, delinquent, or both than their nonathlete classmates. Survey data from 2,436 high school students indicated no significant differences for violent or delinquent behaviors between athletes and nonathletes. However, analysis of the data by the type of sport indicated noncontact sport athletes were less likely to engage in various violent and delinquent behaviors than were contact sport athletes and nonathletes. These relationships were found for both males and females. Noncontact sports may provide some protective effect with regards to violence and delinquency that contact sports do not.
Systematic Evaluation of the Mouse Eye (2001)

REGIONAL ANATOMY & DEVELOPMENT The Anterior Segment and Ocular Adnexae-R. Smith, J. Sundberg, and S. John The Posterior Segment and Orbit-R. Smith, S. John, and P. Nishina Ocular Development-R. Smith, W. Kao, and S. John ISSUES IN MUTANT MOUSE EVALUATION Strain Background Disease Characteristics- R. Smith and J. Sundberg Selection of Controls-J. Sundberg, R. Smith, and S. John Genetic Approaches to Identifying QTL and Modifiers of Hereditary Ocular Phenotypes-J. Naggert and P. Nishina Mutagenesis and Genetic Screens in the Mouse-T. O'Brien REGIONAL OCULAR PATHOLOGY The Anterior Segment-R. Smith, J. Sundberg, and S. John Choroid, Lens and Vitreous-R. Smith Retina-R. Smith, N. Hawes, B. Chang, and P. Nishina Optic Nerve and Orbit-R. Smith, S. John, and J. Sundberg BIOMETHODS Photography and Necropsy-R. Smith, N. Hawes, J. Miller, J. Sundberg, and S. John General and Special Histopathology-R. Smith, A. Zabaleta, S. John, L. Bechtold, S. Ikeda, M. Relyea, J. Sundberg, C-Y. Liu, and W. Kao A. Light Microscopy-R. Smith, A. Zabaleta, and S. John B. Electron Microscopy-L. Bechtold and R. Smith C. Immunohistochemistry-S. Ikeda, M. Relyea, and J. Sundberg D. Northern and in Situ Hybridization-S. Ikeda, C-Y. Liu, and W. Kao Other Techniques-G. Martin, R. Smith, S. John, O. Savinova, S. Nusinowitz, W. Ridder III, J. Heckenlively A. Cell Kinetics, Morphometrics, and Concocal Microscopy-G. Martin, R. Smith, and O. Savinova B. Intraocular Pressure Measurement in Mice: Technical Aspects-S. John and O. Savinova C. Electrophysiological Testing of the Mouse Visual System-S. Nusinowitz, W. Ridder III, and J. Heckenlively Resources-C. Linder Index
Transient operation of grid-connected voltage source converter under unbalanced voltage conditions (2002)

In this paper, the operation of shunt-connected voltage source converters under unbalanced voltage conditions is investigated. The attention focuses on voltage dips, thus on transient operation. The importance of using a fast and accurate method for detection of sequence components of the grid voltage affected by a fault is emphasized. Four different sequence-detection techniques are presented and compared on the basis of their transient response. Three different current controllers for VSCs are implemented and compared in both cases of constant and regulated DC-link voltage. In the latter case, the corresponding DC-link voltage controllers are described. The operation of the VSC equipped with the different current controllers is analyzed with constant-power and fluctuating-power loads. Results obtained with different type of loads demonstrate that the optimal choice of the controller depends on the expected application.
Surface potential images of self‐assembled monolayers patterned by organosilanes: <i>ab initio</i> molecular orbital calculations (2002)

Abstract Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different function terminal groups were prepared on substrates of n‐type silicon by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) from n ‐octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS: H 3 C(CH 2 ) 17 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ), heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydro‐decyl‐1‐trimethoxysilane (FAS: F 3 C(CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ), n ‐(6‐aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS: H 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 NH(CH 2 ) 3 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ) and 4‐(chloromethyl)phenyltrimethoxysilane [CMPS: H 2 ClC(C 6 H 4 )Si(OCH 3 ) 3 ]. The sample surfaces covered with ODS‐SAM were irradiated under a reduced pressure of 10 Pa with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light through a photomask. Then, the irradiated areas with the ODS‐SAM removed were covered with another SAM by CVD. Surface potential images of the patterned areas were measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and explained by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations. The KPFM measurements showed that the surface potential contrasts of the FAS‐, AHAPS‐ and CMPS‐SAMs against the ODS‐SAM were about −170, +50 and −30 mV, respectively. The surface potentials as a function of area occupied by a molecule were predicted using the respective dipole moments perpendicular to substrates, which were obtained by the ab initio MO calculations. The predicted surface potentials of the FAS‐, CMPS‐ and AHAPS‐SAMs approximately agreed with the measured values at areas of about 1.5, 1.6 and 0.6 nm 2 per molecule. The ab initio MO calculations also showed differences in surface potentials appearing due to the differences in Fermi levels of the respective SAMs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.