gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of the biological and potential therapeutic actions of <i>Harpagophytum procumbens</i> (2006)

Abstract Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp) , commonly known as Devil's Claw is a perennial plant which thrives in arid conditions. For centuries, it has been used as a traditional treatment for a variety of illnesses, including fevers, skin complaints, arthritis and diseases of the digestive tract as well as an appetite stimulant. Since its introduction to Europe in the early twentieth century, it has become a popular antiinflammatory and analgesic preparation amongst herbalists for supportive or adjuvant treatment of degenerative joint diseases, tendonitis, headache, backache and menstrual pain. The validity of Hp as an effective antiinflammatory and analgesic preparation, particularly in the relief of arthritic symptoms, has been investigated in numerous animal, clinical and in vitro studies. Although some contradictory evidence exists, the majority of animal studies appear to indicate Hp as an effective antiinflammatory and analgesic preparation in the treatment of acute and subacute inflammation. Clinical trials support Hp as a beneficial treatment for the alleviation of pain and improvement of mobility in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. Analysis of the in vitro and ex vivo studies that currently exist, indicate that Hp has significant effects on numerous proinflammatory markers. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which Hp may reduce inflammation remain to be elucidated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: “Doping-induced efficiency enhancement in organic photovoltaic devices” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 023504 (2007)] (2007)

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Clasificación del suelo e indemnización en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (1) (2017)

El autor analiza el tema de la clasificacion del suelo desde la perspectiva de su incidencia en el derecho de propiedad, tal y como lo ha resuelto el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en una prolija doctrina, en la que se adoptaran diferentes soluciones en funcion de si se ha dado una privacion de la propiedad o una reglamentacion del uso de los bienes. El criterio de la indemnizacion, aunque no esta presente en el redactado del articulo del Convenio Europeo de derechos Humanos que recoge el derecho de propiedad, tendra una especial consideracion.
VISAGE: an object-oriented scientific visualization system (1992)

VISAGE is a scientific visualization system implemented in an object-oriented, message passing environment. The system includes over 500 classes ranging from visualization and graphics to Xlib and Motif user interface. Objects are created using compiled C and interact through an interpreted scripting language. The result is a flexible yet efficient system that has found wide application in our user community. This paper describes the object architecture and the major issues we faced when designing the visualization classes. Sample applications are also described.
Zur Planung alternativer Strategien für Projekte der Technischen Zusammenarbeit (TZ) (1996)

Trotz vielfaltiger Versuche, die Planung von Projekten der Technischen Zusammenarbeit wahrend ZOPP-Seminaren auf eine breitere Informationsbasis zu stellen, ist dies bisher nur unzureichend gelungen. Eine der Ursachen dafur sind insbesondere Mangel bei der Anwendung von ZOPP und mangelndes vorausschauendes Denken uber die zur Planung notwendige Informationsgrundlage. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Planungsbasis zu erweitern, indem man planungsrelevante vorliegende Informationen vor Seminarbeginn analysiert und noch fehlende Information im Vorfeld beschafft. Diese Information sollte visuell aufbereitet und wahrend des ZOPP-Seminars didaktisch geschickt eingebracht und diskutiert werden. Eine weitere Ursache fur die mangelnde Informationsbasis bei ZOPP-Seminaren ist die mangelnde Transparenz des Planungsrahmens, der entwicklungspolitischen Leitlinien von Nehmer- und Geberland und der Kriterien fur die Wahl alternativer Projektstrategien. Es wird vorgeschlagen, zu Beginn von ZOPP-Seminaren diese Punkte zwischen allen Beteiligten zu diskutieren und dabei sichtbar werdende Interessenskonflikte aufzuzeigen und anzusprechen. ZOPP-Moderatoren sollten sich im Vorfeld uber den Stellenwert des zu planenden Projekts bei allen Beteiligten informieren und die Erweiterung der Planungsbasis (s.o.) stimulieren. Sie sollten die Einbringung und Diskussion planungsrelevanter Information wahrend des ZOPP-Seminars sicherstellen und nicht zuletzt auch Diskussionsprozesse und potentielle Zielkonflikte offenlegen und dokumentieren.
Effect of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Candesartan on Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (2000)

Patients with essential hypertension are characterized by impaired basal and agonist-evoked nitric oxide release and increased endogenous endothelin (ET)-1-induced vasoconstriction. To assess whether candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, can improve endothelial function, we studied the changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) induced in 15 hypertensive patients and in 15 control subjects by the intrabrachial infusion of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), norepinephrine, the ET A/B receptor antagonist TAK 044, sodium nitroprusside, and acetylcholine. In hypertensive patients, the FBF study was repeated 2 and 12 months after the start of treatment with candesartan cilexetil (8 to 16 mg daily). Compared with controls (maximal FBF decrease, -46+/-11%), hypertensive patients showed a reduced (P<0.001) vasoconstrictor response to L-NMMA (maximal FBF decrease, -28+/-7%); the response to norepinephrine was only slightly impaired, and the response to sodium nitroprusside was similar to that of controls. Finally, TAK-044 caused greater vasodilation in hypertensive patients (maximal FBF increase, 77+/-9%) than in controls (maximal FBF increase, 17+/-10%). In hypertensive patients, candesartan cilexetil significantly enhanced vasoconstriction to L-NMMA after 2 and 12 months (maximal FBF decrease, 37+/-2% [P<0.05] and 42+/-2% [P<0.001], respectively). The responses to norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside were not modified after 2 months. After 12 months, the responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced at the highest rates. Vasodilation to TAK-044 was abolished after treatment with candesartan cilexetil; this effect is associated with a reduced plasma ET-1 concentration. This study demonstrated that the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan improves tonic nitric oxide release and reduces vasoconstriction to endogenous ET-1 in the forearm of hypertensive patients.
Nanocrystalline Aluminum Nitride: I, Vapor‐Phase Synthesis in a Forced‐Flow Reactor (2003)

A forced‐flow reactor has been designed for the synthesis of nanocrystalline AlN via in situ and ex situ nitridation of aluminum. Various reactor parameters, including evaporation temperature, microwave plasma generation, reactor pressure, gas flow rate, nitriding gas, carrier gas, and crucible purge, have been examined and optimized. Fully nitrided powders with crystallite sizes of 10–100 nm and surface areas of 45–370 m 2 /g were produced using these techniques. These ultrafine AlN particles were highly moisture‐sensitive, but they could be processed and handled without exposure to air to achieve fully dense materials with low oxygen content.
Rna Expression in the Early Characterization of Hepatotoxicants in Wistar Rats by High–Density Dna Microarrays (2001)

High-density microarrays are useful tools to study gene expression for the purpose of characterizing functional tissue changes in response to the action of drugs and chemicals. To test whether high-density expression data can identify mechanisms of toxicity and to identify an unknown sample through its RNA expression pattern, groups of male Wistar rats were administered 6 hepatotoxicants. The compounds chosen for this study were microcystin-LR (MLR), phenobarbital (PB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carbon tetrachloride (CT), thioacetamide (THA), and cyproterone acetate (CPA). These hepatotoxicants are known to induce adverse liver effects through different mechanisms. Liver mRNA was isolated and used to generate biotinylated cRNA for hybridization to a custom 1,600-rat gene DNA microarray. Treatment correlation matrices analyzed hybridization data from a hepatotoxicant-blinded sample, with gene expression coefficients (GEC) evaluated by means of hierarchical cluster analysis and visual representation as dendrograms. The experimental liver toxicity from the different treatments was confirmed by means of concurrent histopathology, liver enzymes, and bilirubin assays. This toxico genomic analysis identified multiple genes and groups of genes that were affected by the hepatotoxicants on study, indicating that high-density microarray expression data are useful to identify groups of genes involved in toxicity. In addition, the mRNA expression profile of an unidentified sample can be accurately identified when compared with the expression profiles resident in the data set. This study supports the use of gene expression-profiling technology to determine or to predict toxic liver effects.
A combined in vitro / in vivo selection for polymerases with novel promoter specificities (2001)

A T7 RNA polymerase library that was randomized at three positions was cloned adjacent to a T3-like promoter sequence, and a 'specialist' T7 RNA polymerase was identified. A library that was randomized at a different set of positions was cloned adjacent to a promoter library in which four positions had been randomized, and 'generalist' polymerases that could utilize a variety of T7 promoters were identified, including at least one polymerase with an apparently novel promoter specificity. This method may have applications for evolving other polymerase variants with novel phenotypes, such as the ability to incorporate modified nucleotides.
Efficient transmit beamforming in pulse-echo ultrasonic imaging (1999)

A high performance ultrasound imaging system requires accurate control of the amplitude of the array elements, as well as of the time delays between them, both in the transmit and receive modes. In transmission, conventional array aperture windowing implies a different driving voltage for each element of the array, an expensive solution for systems with a large number of channels. In this paper, we present a simple, versatile, and inexpensive beamforming method that operates the aperture windowing in the transmit mode, simply controlling the lengths of the electric pulses driving the array elements. Computer simulations and experimental measurements are presented for different types of arrays. They confirm that the proposed beamforming technique improves the contrast resolution of the imaging system, reducing the off-axis intensity of the radiated field pattern. Moreover, the axial resolution is slightly enhanced, because the overall length of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse is reduced.
The role of epigenetic mechanisms and processes in autoimmune disorders (2012)

The lack of complete concordance of autoimmune disease in identical twins suggests that nongenetic factors play a major role in determining disease susceptibility. In this review, we consider how epigenetic mechanisms could affect the immune system and effector mechanisms in autoimmunity and/or the target organ of autoimmunity and thus affect the development of autoimmune diseases. We also consider the types of stimuli that lead to epigenetic modifications and how these relate to the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases and the biological pathways operative in different autoimmune diseases. Increasing our knowledge of these epigenetic mechanisms and processes will increase the prospects for controlling or preventing autoimmune diseases in the future through the use of drugs that target the epigenetic pathways.
Information gathering actions over human internal state (2016)

Much of estimation of human internal state (goal, intentions, activities, preferences, etc.) is passive: an algorithm observes human actions and updates its estimate of human state. In this work, we embrace the fact that robot actions affect what humans do, and leverage it to improve state estimation. We enable robots to do active information gathering, by planning actions that probe the user in order to clarify their internal state. For instance, an autonomous car will plan to nudge into a human driver's lane to test their driving style. Results in simulation and in a user study suggest that active information gathering significantly outperforms passive state estimation.
Confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of thick, transparent, vital tissue. (1992)

The three-dimensional visualization of the 400 micron thick, transparent, in situ cornea is described to demonstrate the use of confocal light microscopy for noninvasive imaging of living cells and thick tissues in their normal, vital conditions. Specimen preparation and physiological stability, as well as light attenuation corrections are critical to data acquisition. The technique to provide mechanical stability of the specimen during the duration of the image acquisition is explained. A laser scanning confocal light microscope (LSCM) was used to obtain optical serial sections from rabbit eyes that were freshly removed and placed in a physiological Ringer's solution. This study demonstrates the capability of the confocal light microscope to obtain a series of high contrast images, with a depth resolution of one micron, across the full thickness of living, transparent tissue. The problems of nonisotropic sampling and the limited eight-bit dynamic range are discussed. The three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained by computer graphics using the volume visualization projection technique. The three-dimensional visualization of the cornea in the in situ eye is presented as an example of image understanding of thick, viable biological cells and tissues. Finally, the criterion of image fidelity is explained. The techniques of confocal light microscopy with its enhanced lateral and axial resolution, improved image contrast, and volume visualization provides microscopists with new techniques for the observation of vital cells and tissues, both in vivo and in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: TEN‐MEMBERED CYCLOTRIPEPTIDES: INFLUENCE OF THE RING‐FLEXIBILITY ON INTRAMOLECULAR REACTIONS (1985)

Abstract Die Cyclisierung der Nitrophenylester (I) und (IIIa)‐(IIIc) im Carbonat‐Puffer führt in Abhängigkeit von der Flexibilität des Systems zu zehngliedrigen Ringsystemen (II) und (VII), dem Azacyclol (VI), dem Diketopiperazin (V) bzw. dem cyclischen Acylamidin (IV).
Synthesis of polyhydrazones and polypyrazoles by a polycyclization reaction (1965)

Abstract By the interaction of linear or branched bis(β‐diketones) and dihydrazides of dicarboxylic acids or dihydrazines unknown high molecular compounds with pyrazole rings in the chain have been prepared. Polypyrazoles of the second type (with a free NH‐group in the pyrazole ring) were prepared by the interaction of bisdiazoalkanes and diacetylenes. Some features of the polycyclization reaction as well as the structure and properties of polymers obtained are discussed.
Correlated Spontaneous-Emission Lasers: Quenching of Quantum Fluctuations in the Relative Phase Angle (1985)

In quantum-beat and Hanle-effect experiments, spontaneous-emission events from two coherently excited states are strongly correlated. A doubly resonant laser cavity driven by such atomic configurations can have vanishing diffusion coefficient for the relative phase angle.
Learning Factor Graphs in Polynomial Time and Sample Complexity (2006)

We study the computational and sample complexity of parameter and structure learning in graphical models. Our main result shows that the class of factor graphs with bounded degree can be learned in polynomial time and from a polynomial number of training examples, assuming that the data is generated by a network in this class. This result covers both parameter estimation for a known network structure and structure learning. It implies as a corollary that we can learn factor graphs for both Bayesian networks and Markov networks of bounded degree, in polynomial time and sample complexity. Importantly, unlike standard maximum likelihood estimation algorithms, our method does not require inference in the underlying network, and so applies to networks where inference is intractable. We also show that the error of our learned model degrades gracefully when the generating distribution is not a member of the target class of networks. In addition to our main result, we show that the sample complexity of parameter learning in graphical models has an O(1) dependence on the number of variables in the model when using the KL-divergence normalized by the number of variables as the performance criterion.
Enhanced Yoking Proof Protocols for RFID Tags and Tag Groups (2008)

The RFID system is a contactless automatic identification system that identifies tags attached on goods through radio frequency communication. This system is expected to supplant barcode systems, the contact reading technique that is most widely used at present. The RFID system can be applied in a variety of areas. Among those, Ari Juels proposed an environment to prove that a pair of tags has been scanned simultaneously. And he presented a "yoking proof" protocol for this. But the yoking-proof protocol is vulnerable to replay attack. Although modified yoking-proof protocols for alleviating this drawback have been proposed, they are not immune to replay attack, either. In this paper, we analyze problems of existing yoking-proof protocols and present a new protocol, which will make replay attack difficult, based on this analysis. We have also extend this protocol so that it can provide yoking proofs for a tag group, including a multiple number of tags.
Targeted disruption of the mouse <i>Stat3</i> gene leads to early embryonic lethality (1997)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have been shown to mediate biological actions in response to cytokines. Stat3, a member of the STAT family, is activated by a variety of cytokines, including the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, leptin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and epidermal growth factor. To address the biological function of Stat3, we generated mice deficient in Stat3 by gene targeting. No viable Stat3-deficient mice could be obtained from heterozygote intercross. Analysis of embryos at several gestation times revealed that Stat3-deficient embryos showed a rapid degeneration between embryonic days 6.5 and 7.5, although they developed into the egg cylinder stage until embryonic day 6.0. These results demonstrate that Stat3 is essential for the early development of mouse embryos.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimykotische Wirkstoffe. 18. Mitt. Aromatisch substituierte 2‐(4‐Toluidino)‐pyrimidine. (1985)

Abstract Tolylguanidin (I) wird mit 1,3‐Dicarbonylverbindungen (II) zu Pyrimidinen (III) kondensiert.
Hydrogen energy: challenges and prospects (2008)

Chapter 1: Why Hydrogen Energy? Chapter 2: Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels and Biomass Chapter 3: Carbon Sequestration Chapter 4: Hydrogen from Water Chapter 5: Hydrogen Distribution and Storage Chapter 6: Fuel Cells Chapter 7: Hydrogen-fuelled Transportation Chapter 8: Hydrogen Energy: The Future?
Quantum Annealing for Clustering (2009)

This paper studies quantum annealing (QA) for clustering, which can be seen as an extension of simulated annealing (SA). We derive a QA algorithm for clustering and propose an annealing schedule, which is crucial in practice. Experiments show the proposed QA algorithm finds better clustering assignments than SA. Furthermore, QA is as easy as SA to implement.
Kinematics-based model for stochastic simulation of aircraft operating in the national airspace system (2007)

Traditional six degree-of-freedom flight simulations provide a very accurate portrayal of aircraft motion allowing for many aspects of an aircraft’s flight envelope, including those close to the edge of the envelope, to be accurately modeled. In some simulations, especially those that make use of aircraft as only one contributing component of the simulation and only in normal modes of aircraft operation, it may only be necessary to approximate the general motion of aircraft. In this case it is not necessary to study the many intricate forces that act on the airplane body or to solve the associated complex dynamical equations. In this situation, six degree-of-freedom aircraft simulators may add unnecessary complexity. However, it may still be of interest to accurately model different types of aircraft uniquely in order to enable the comparison of different performance and maneuver characteristics for different aircraft in the simulation. The original, kinematics-based model detailed here uses precise flight data collected by the Federal Aviation Administration and provides a satisfactory level of fidelity for a variety of aircraft types. It is especially accurate in representing different aircraft in normal flight regimes (i.e., within the flight envelope, non-emergency, standard operations). This paper presents the general mathematical aircraft formulation, a description of both the pilot and aircraft models and parameters, and an explanation of the concept for and design of a future control system.
Attitudes to Language Learning: the Adult Student (1979)

Attitudes to Language Learning: the Adult Student Get access JOHN B. CURTIN JOHN B. CURTIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume XXXIII, Issue 4, July 1979, Pages 281–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/XXXIII.4.281 Published: 01 July 1979
Effects of ascorbic acid on human hepatoma cell proliferation and redifferentiation. (1999)

AA can inhibit human hepatoma cells proliferation, induce redifferentiation, and reverse its malignant phenotypic characteristics.
Incidence of restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty: a time-related phenomenon. A quantitative angiographic study in 342 consecutive patients at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. (1988)

Data from experimental, clinical, and pathologic studies have suggested that the process of restenosis begins very early after coronary angioplasty. The present study was performed to determine prospectively the incidence of restenosis with use of the four National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the 50% or greater diameter stenosis criteria, as well as a criterion based on a decrease of 0.72 mm or more in minimal luminal diameter. Patients were recatheterized at 30, 60, 90, or 120 days after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After PTCA all patients received 10 mg nifedipine three to six times a day and aspirin once a day until repeat angiography. Of 400 consecutive patients in whom PTCA was successful (less than 50% diameter stenosis), 342 underwent quantitative angiographic follow-up (86%) by use of an automated edge-detection technique. A wide variation in the incidence of restenosis was found dependent on the criterion applied. The incidence of restenosis proved to be progressive to at least the third month for all except NHLBI criterion II. At 4 months a further increase in the incidence of restenosis was observed when defined as a decrease of 0.72 mm or more in minimal luminal diameter, whereas the criteria based on percentage diameter stenosis showed a variable response. The lack of overlap between the different restenosis criteria applied affirms the arbitrary nature of angiographic definitions currently in use. Restenosis should be assessed by repeat angiography, and preferably ascertained according to the change in absolute quantitative measurements of the luminal diameter.