gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Role for Caveolae/Lipid Rafts in the Uptake and Recycling of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Anandamide (2004)

The mechanisms responsible for the uptake and cellular processing of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide are not well understood. We propose that anandamide uptake may occur via a caveola/lipid raft-related endocytic process in RBL-2H3 cells. Inhibitors of caveola-related (clathrin-independent) endocytosis reduced anandamide transport by approximately 50% compared with the control. Fluorescein derived from fluorescently labeled anandamide colocalized with protein markers of caveolae at early time points following transport. In this study, we have also identified a yet unrecognized process involved in trafficking events affecting anandamide following its uptake. Following uptake of [(3)H]anandamide by RBL-2H3 cells, we found an accumulation of tritium in the caveolin-rich membranes. Inhibitors of both anandamide uptake and metabolism blocked the observed enrichment of tritium in the caveolin-rich membranes. Mass spectrometry of subcellular membrane fractions revealed that the tritium accumulation observed in the caveolin-rich membrane fraction was not representative of intact anandamide, suggesting that following metabolism by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), anandamide metabolites are rapidly enriched in caveolae. Furthermore, HeLa cells, which do not express high levels of FAAH, showed an accumulation of tritium in the caveolin-rich membrane fraction only when transfected with FAAH cDNA. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses of RBL-2H3 cells revealed that FAAH was localized in intracellular compartments distinct from caveolin-1 localization. Together, these data suggest that following uptake via caveola/lipid raft-related endocytosis, anandamide is rapidly metabolized by FAAH, with the metabolites efficiently recycled to caveolin-rich membrane domains.
Presupuestos de defensa en España: mitos y recién llegados (2015)

Los presupuestos de defensa han entrado en un proceso de revision en el que se sopesan sus distintos componentes. Los criterios dependen de la posicion de cada pais en el contexto internacional, su cultura estrategica, los recursos economicos disponibles, los riesgos existentes y previsibles o los niveles de seguridad que desea alcanzar. En este ARI se argumenta que la revision de los criterios en Espana debe orientarse a elaborar un presupuesto estable, evitando las fluctuaciones que se vienen observando, y conocido, ajustando el presupuesto inicial con el gasto efectivamente realizado. Los presupuestos deberian enmarcarse en una Ley-Programa que trascienda el periodo legislativo de cuatro anos y acompanarse de una mejora en la gestion de los recursos economicos. A la discusion y conocimiento social de las partidas de gasto, deberia unirse el de los retornos economicos, de empleo y tecnologia que se derivan de las inversiones en defensa.
Dithered quantizers (1993)

A theory of overall quantization noise for nonsubtractive dither was originally developed in unpublished work by J.N. Wright and by T.J. Stockham and subsequently expanded by L.K. Brinton, S.P. Lipshitz, J. Vanderkooy, and R.A. Wannamaker. It is suggested that since these latter results are not as well known as the original results, misunderstanding persists in the literature. New proofs of the properties of quantizer dither, both subtractive and nonsubtractive, are provided. The new proofs are based on elementary Fourier series and Rice's characteristic function method and do not require the use of generalized functions (impulse trains of Dirac delta functions) and sampling theorem arguments. The goal is to provide a unified derivation and presentation of the two forms of dithered quantizer noise based on elementary Fourier techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resilient immortals, characterizing and utilizing Bax/Bak deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for high titer antibody production (2013)

Cell death due to apoptosis is frequently observed in large-scale manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, and can reduce product accumulation in bioreactors. Several different strategies that involve overexpression of antiapoptotic or downregulation of proapoptotic proteins have been designed in attempt to curb this problem in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture. However, each of these designs has their own shortcomings and limits, rendering them ineffective for large-scale protein production. Recently, we have reported generation of a Bax and Bak deficient dhfr(-/-) CHO cell line using zinc-finger nucleases. Here we demonstrate that puromycin, but not methotrexate, selection can be used to generate antibody-expressing Bax and Bak deficient clones that are not only resistant to apoptosis, but that can also achieve higher titers relative to parental CHO cells due to higher cell density. Additionally, we show that Bax and Bak deficient cells have more mitochondria with healthy membrane potential, an attribute that perhaps contributes to their more potent growth compared to parental cells. Bax and Bak deficient cells do not readily apoptose, as shown by the ability to withstand high concentrations of apoptosis inducing agents, such as sodium butyrate, without a reduction in viability, growth, or titer. These traits render Bax and Bak deficient cells a potentially attractive host for production of therapeutic proteins at industrial scale.
Surgical Complications of Amoebic Dysentery (1941)

and some infiltration at the left mid-zone. Cyst forms of E. histolytica were found in the stool. There was a leucocytosis of 10,200 per c.mm., with a 7% eosinophilia.
Fast transmission CT for determining attenuation maps using a collimated, shuttered line source and fan beam collimation (2003)

The authors describe a technique using a shuttered line source to acquire gamma transmission computed tomographic (TCT) data for determining attenuation maps to compensate for nonuniform attenuation in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) emission scans. A /sup 99m/Tc line source and a stacked foil (slit) collimator were placed near the focal line of a fan beam collimator (114 cm focal length) mounted opposite one detector of a triple-camera SPECT system. To investigate the capability of shuttered line sources to determine accurately attenuation maps, an anthropomorphic thorax phantom was scanned using total TCT acquisition times of 120 and 720 s. The phantom was also scanned with a parallel hole collimator using a collimated slab source. The fan beam and parallel beam TCT images were very similar. The shutter method eliminates contamination of emission data by transmission photons, and reduces the spill-over of emission data into the transmission energy window. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using fast, sequential (or interlaced) transmission scans of high-activity shuttered sources to obtain accurate attenuation maps for SPECT attenuation compensation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The spectrum of the square of a synchronous random pulse train (1990)

Novel forms are derived relatively simply for the spectrum of the square of a synchronous random pulse train. The lines in the discrete part of the spectrum are useful for bit and carrier synchronization in digital communication systems, whereas the continuous part of the spectrum limits the signal-to-noise ratio available in any given bandwidth from the spectral lines. The application of the formulas derived and some conclusions are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Information Fusion via Deep Cross-Modal Factor Analysis (2019)

In this paper, we introduce Deep Cross-Modal Factor Analysis (DCFA) to identify complex nonlinear transformations of two variables for information fusion. DCFA is able to represent the coupled patterns between two different sets of variables by minimizing the Frobenius norm distance in the transformed domain. Unlike previous kernel methods, the feature mapping of DCFA is achieved with deep networks (DN) instead of the traditional kernel method. Therefore, the representation of DCFA method is not limited by the fixed kernel. Moreover, DCFA can be considered as a nonlinear extension of the linear Cross-Modal Factor Analysis (CFA), and an alternative to the nonparametric method Kernel Cross-Modal Factor Analysis (KCFA) and the recently proposed Deep Canonical Correlation Analysis (Deep CCA) method. The performance of DCFA is evaluated on MNIST handwritten digit dataset and two audio emotion datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed solution outperforms the methods of KCCA, KCFA, Deep CCA and the deep learning based method-Alexnet, in terms of accuracy.
Bonding between cellulosic fibers in the absence and presence of dry-strength agents – A review (2006)

Various hydrophilic polyelectrolytes, including cationic starch products, are used by papermakers to promote inter-fiber bonding and increase paper’s dry-strength. Thus, papermakers can meet customer requirements with a lower net cost of materials, more recycled fibers, or higher mineral content. In the absence of polymeric additives, key mechanisms governing bond development between cellulosic fibers include capillary action, three-dimensional mixing of macromolecules on facing surfaces, conformability of the materials, and hydrogen bonding. Dry-strength additives need to adsorb efficiently onto fibers, have a hydrophilic character, and have a sufficiently high molecular mass. Though it is possible to achieve significant strength gains by optimal usage of individual polyelectrolytes, greater strength gains can be achieved by sequential addition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Superior strength can be achieved by in-situ formation of polyelectrolyte complexes, followed by deposition of those complexes onto fiber surfaces. Polyampholytes also hold promise as efficient dry-strength additives. Opportunities for further increases in performance of dry-strength agents may involve fiber surface modification, self-assembled layers, and optimization of the dry film characteristics of dry-strength polymers or systems of polymers.
The Development of Emotional Distress Reactions to Separation, in Puppies (1961)

(1961). The Development of Emotional Distress Reactions to Separation, in Puppies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 3-22.
The anti-inflammatory effects of perfluorocarbons: Letʼs get physical (2000)

UMass Memorial Medical Center; Worcester, MA (Heard) Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA (Puyana) Address requests for reprints to: Stephen O. Heard, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
Dynamic single-cell intracellular pH sensing using a SERS-active nanopipette (2020)

Glass nanopipettes have shown promise for applications in single-cell manipulation, analysis, and imaging. In recent years, plasmonic nanopipettes have been developed to enable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements for single-cell analysis. In this work, we developed a SERS-active nanopipette that can be used to perform long-term and reliable intracellular analysis of single living cells with minimal damage, which is achieved by optimizing the nanopipette geometry and the surface density of the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layer at the nanopipette tip. To demonstrate its ability in single-cell analysis, we used the nanopipette for intracellular pH sensing. Intracellular pH (pH<sub>i</sub>) is vital to cells as it influences cell function and behavior and pathological conditions. The pH sensitivity was realized by simply modifying the AuNP layer with the pH reporter molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. With a response time of less than 5 seconds, the pH sensing range is from 6.0 to 8.0 and the maximum sensitivity is 0.2 pH units. We monitored the pH<sub>i</sub> change of individual HeLa and fibroblast cells, triggered by the extracellular pH (pH<sub>e</sub>) change. The HeLa cancer cells can better resist pH<sub>e</sub> change and adapt to the weak acidic environment. Plasmonic nanopipettes can be further developed to monitor other intracellular biomarkers.
Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Eig (Poaceae). (1994)

A revision of all taxa closely related to wheat, excluding wild Triticum species, with notes on other genera in the tribe Triticeae especially Triticum.
Remote water sampling using flying robots (2014)

Sampling of water for laboratory measurements is important in various circumstances. We present reasoning why it is of great importance for sensible ecosystems like natural parks which include wetlands. Since many places are hard or impossible to reach by other means, a system for sampling of water using an unmanned helicopter is proposed. The technical difficulties in handling the sample and controlling the system are described as well as appropriate solutions. The system was also integrated into a control framework allowing easy access and control by scientists, in our case biologists. Several trials have been performed, including flights in the final application fields. Water samples could be acquired reliably.
Mobile Agents in Heterogeneous Networks: A Look on Performance (2006)

Mobile agents can be seen as a new paradigm for distributed computing. One characteristic of mobile agents is their autonomy and pro-activity. This article present a framework designed on top of PMADE (Platform for Mobile Agent Distribution and Execution) to support our research in this domain. Our framework consists of three modules. The Map Module collects information on the available network of agent hosts (AHs) and a mobile agent is able to locate services within the network with the help of this module. Furthermore, the framework provides a Route estimating module and an optimization module, which minimizes network load. These modules support a fast and efficient navigation through the network, which is an environment with an inherently dynamical behavior. The basis for this work is the PMADE Domain Service, which is a hierarchical arrangement of AHs that groups AHs into a federation of networked local clusters, so called domains. This paper also evaluates the basic concepts and the actual modules of the developed framework and made some measurements to characterize the modules quality and to identify problems.
Condition Monitoring of Generators &#x00026; Other Subassemblies in Wind Turbine Drive Trains (2007)

Offshore wind turbines, incorporating electrical generators and converters, operate in locations where accessibility can lead to long mean times to repair. Condition-based maintenance is therefore essential if cost-effective availability targets are to be reached. As yet the condition monitoring techniques appropriate for offshore wind turbines have not been resolved. Reliability studies have shown that the majority of failure modes in wind turbines are concentrated in drive train subassemblies, including the electrical generator and converter, and are heavily affected by wind conditions. A 30 kW test rig has been constructed, with features similar to a wind turbine drive train, to enable the development of the signal processing techniques necessary for this variable speed, high torque variation application. The test rig includes a low speed shaft, high speed shaft, gearbox and an electrical generator and can be driven by simulated wind conditions. The test rig can also be used to inform the selection of appropriate monitoring instrumentation for offshore wind turbines. A series of condition monitoring approaches have been investigated on this test rig, using measured torque, speed, shaft displacement and gearbox vibration to detect faults. By the use of appropriate signal processing techniques, changes to load conditions, properties of the gearbox and coil faults can be detected.
More Than 10 Years' Continuous Oral Treatment with Specific Immunoglobulin Y for the Prevention of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infections: A Case Report (2007)

Immunotherapy with specific antibodies is an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of infections in humans and animals. We have used orally administered immunoglobulin Y (IgY) preparations, purified from eggs of hens immunized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, to prevent pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Respiratory infections are major problems for CF patients because of the thick mucus in the airways, and chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections occur in virtually all CF patients and cause morbidity and mortality. The IgY-treated group had only 2.5 P. aeruginosa-positive sputum cultures per 100 months, and none of the IgY-treated patients became chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. In the control group, 13.7 of the cultures per 100 months were positive for P. aeruginosa, and 24% of patients became chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa. The first enrolled patient in this study has now been treated continuously for more than 10 years. During the first 8 years she only had four P. aeruginosa-positive cultures. After 8 years she became chronically infected, but still after 10 years the bacteria have not turned mucoid. No negative side effects of IgY treatment have been noted during these 10 years. To our knowledge this is the longest treatment with specific yolk antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
Structure—Function Relationship among Quillaja Saponins Serving as Excipients for Nasal and Ocular Delivery of Insulin (1996)

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the structure-function relationship among naturally occurring Quillaja saponins and derivatives for their ability to stimulate insulin delivery from nosedrops and eyedrops and to test the hypothesis that stimulation of peptide drug delivery was correlated with surfactant strength. Native saponins, including QS-21, were purified from an aqueous extract of Quillaja saponaria bark by adsorption chromatography and HPLC. Native saponins were then deacylated by mild alkaline hydrolysis to form DS-1 and DS-2, derivatives that are smaller and more hydrophilic than their parent compounds. DS-1 was further treated either to reduce an aldehyde residue to form DS-1(R) or to remove the fucose-containing oligosaccharide to form QH-957. Rats receiving eyedrops or nosedrops formulated with insulin, but without any Quillaja saponins, showed no hypoglycemic response. Rats receiving eyedrops or nosedrops formulated with insulin plus saponins showed a dose-dependent hypoglycemic response, with the following rank order: QS-21 > DS-1 > DS-1(R) > DS-2 > QH-957. Surfactant strength was determined by measurement of the critical micellar concentration (cmc) and hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. The cmc was lowest for the parent saponins QS-21 and QS-18, and increased for the deacylated saponin derivatives DS-1, DS-2, and QH-957; hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes was observed at low concentrations (approximately 0.006 mM) of the parent saponins, QS-21 and QS-18, at intermediate concentrations (0.06-0.08 mM) of DS-1 and DS-2, and at higher concentrations of DS-1(R) (0.45 mM) and QH-957 (1.5 mM). Hence, efficacy as an absorption-enhancing agent was greatest in those saponins with the lowest hemolytic titers and cmc values. However, this relationship was not a strict one, because DS-1, which differs from DS-2 only in the absence of one glucose residue, was significantly more potent than DS-2 in stimulating the absorption of insulin. DS-1 and DS-2 share a similar cmc and hemolytic titer, so this difference in efficacy must be due to some specificity beyond simple surfactant strength. Furthermore, DS-1 does not trigger an immune response when administered to animals, whereas QS-21 is a strong immune system activator. Therefore, DS-1 has emerged as an interesting candidate for inclusion in an eyedrop or nosedrop formulation.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDES. PART 44. SYNTHESIS OF THE 105‐117 FRAGMENT OF A LYSOZYME ANALOGUE (1981)

Abstract Das Titelpeptid (VII) wird durch Kupplung der Fragmente (VIb) und (IIIb) synthetisiert.
Hardware Implementation of LDPC Decoders (2009)

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes over are an extension of binary LDPC codes with significantly higher performance. However, the computational complexity of the encoders/decoders for these codes is also higher. Hence there is a substantial lack of hardware implementations for LDPC over codes. This paper proposes a novel variation of the belief propagation algorithm for LDPC codes. The new algorithm results in a reduced hardware complexity when imple- mented in VLSI. The serial architecture of the novel decoding algorithm and two other algorithms for LDPC over are implemented on an FPGA. The results show that the proposed algorithm has substantial advantages over existing methods. We show that the implementation of LDPC over decoder is feasible for short to medium length codes. The additional com- plexity of the decoder is balanced by the superior performance of LDPC codes.
Heme oxygenase induction with attenuation of experimentally induced corneal inflammation (1997)

Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments, down-regulates cellular levels of heme and hemeproteins; certain of the latter, i.e. cytochrome P450s, generate pro-inflammatory products from endogenous substrates. Two HO isozymes, the products of distinct genes, have been described; HO-1 is the inducible one, whereas HO-2 is believed to be constitutively expressed. We studied the inducing effects of several metal compounds [CoCl2, SnCl2, ZnCl2, heme, and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)] on HO-1 mRNA content and enzyme activity in cultures of rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cells; these metal compounds are known to induce HO in other tissues. Additionally, we studied HO-1 expression in an experimental model of ocular inflammation produced in rabbit corneas by extended contact lens wear, and the relation of HO expression to the induced inflammatory process. SnCl2 added to RCE cells in vitro produced marked time- and concentration-dependent increases in HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 enzyme activity; CoCl2, ZnCl2, and CoPP were inducers of HO as well, though to a lesser degree than SnCl2. Corneas treated for 6 days with contact lenses impregnated with SnCl2 displayed substantially less corneal inflammation, swelling, and new vessel invasion than did controls; attenuation of ocular inflammation was paralleled by SnCl2-induced increases in HO mRNA and HO activity in corneal epithelial cells from treated eyes. It is suggested that amelioration of the inflammatory response produced by extended contact lens wear is due, in part, to the induction of high levels of HO-1 activity by SnCl2, which results in diminished production of pro-inflammatory mediators generated through heme-dependent metabolic processes. Regulation of HO activity in this manner may have clinical applications.
Fluoropolymer Coatings for Buildings, Bridges, and Infrastructure (2008)

<p>Damage to buildings, bridges, and infrastructure by corrosion and other environmental processes costs billions of dollars per year. Paints and coatings can be used to protect existing and new infrastructure from degradation by the elements. Coatings based on fluoropolymer resins have lifetimes exceeding 30 years, leading to substantially lower life cycle costs compared to conventional coatings. Fluoropolymer coatings have been successfully used on over 150,000 structures worldwide.</p>