gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial April 2013 (2013)

For one of us April marks a significant milestone in life, a birthday and this year it was a ‘big’ one, so its downhill all the way to retirement to now. However, there is still much that needs to change in HE and this issue sees a focus on, in the broadest sense, inclusion. 

Inclusion is important in HE, gaining entry to HE is but the first stage of joining the ‘club’, all students need to learn the ways and means of the discipline they are studying before they can gain entry in to that discipline. Equally, for the majority of students the studying experience is one that we hope is inclusive of all; be it in terms of gender, race, sexual orientation or any of the other protected characteristics (under the UK Equality Act). This issue has a broad linking theme ‘inclusion’.
Decoding low-density parity-check codes with probabilistic schedule (2002)

The best known practical algorithm for the decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is the iterative sum-product or belief propagation algorithm, operating on a Tanner graph (TG) of the code. Conventionally, in each iteration, all the symbol nodes and subsequently all the check nodes in the TG pass new messages to their neighbors (the so-called "flooding schedule"). We propose a new message-passing schedule, called "probabilistic schedule." Unlike flooding, the probabilistic schedule operates based on the structure of the TG, and probabilistically balances the frequency at which different symbol nodes update their outgoing messages in accordance with their girths. Our results show that, particularly for short block lengths, the new schedule offers a much better performance/complexity trade-off. For a particular example of a (1268,456) code, at no cost in complexity, the probabilistic schedule not only decreases both the bit and message error rates by an order of magnitude, but also reduces the number of undetected errors considerably. This work shows the importance of scheduling in the performance of iterative decoding algorithms and suggests that a schedule which matches the structure of the TG can substantially improve the performance/complexity trade-off in the decoding of short LDPC codes.
7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Inflammation Signals Mostly through the TLR4 Receptor Both In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

The cholesterol oxide 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) has been implicated in numerous age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer and age-related macular degeneration. It is formed by the autooxidation of cholesterol and especially cholesterol-fatty acid esters found in lipoprotein deposits. This molecule causes complex and potent inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. It is suspected of causing chronic inflammation in tissues exposed to oxidized lipoprotein deposits. In this study we have examined the inflammatory pathways activated by 7KCh both in cultured ARPE19 cells and in vivo using 7KCh-containing implants inserted into the anterior chamber of the rat eye. Our results indicate that 7KCh-induced inflammation is mediated mostly though the TLR4 receptor with some cross-activation of EGFR-related pathways. The majority of the cytokine inductions seem to signal via the TRIF/TRAM side of the TLR4 receptor. The MyD88/TIRAP side only significantly effects IL-1β inductions. The 7KCh-induced inflammation also seems to involve a robust ER stress response. However, this response does not seem to involve a calcium efflux-mediated UPR. Instead the ER stress response seems to be mediated by yet identified kinases activated through the TLR4 receptor. Some of the kinases identified are the RSKs which seem to mediate the cytokine inductions and the cell death pathway but do not seem to be involved in the ER stress response.
Collaborative Multidisciplinary Design in Virtual Environments (2006)

The application designers can usually define their own "virtual environments" by selecting the appropriate computing resources required or reuse and compose existing environments. The approach is generic by allowing various application domains to benefit from potential hardware and software resources located on remote computing facilities in a simple and intuitive way. The computing resources are defined by services made available as sets of standardized interfaces performing specific tasks: application workflow, input data streams, output visualization tools, monitoring facilities, etc. Services can be composed and hierarchically defined. Transparent access to heterogeneous hardware and software operating systems is guaranteed. An aero-elasticity example in airliner design is given
Chat Speed OP PogChamp (2017)

Twitch.tv, a streaming platform known for video game content, has grown tremendously since its inception in 2011. We examine communication practices in Twitch chats for the popular game Hearthstone, comparing massive chats with at least 10,000 concurrent viewers and small chats with fewer than 2,000 concurrent viewers. Due to the large scale and fast pace of massive chats, communication patterns no longer follow models developed in previous studies of computer-mediated communication. Rather than what other studies have described as communication breakdowns and information overload, participants in massive chats communicate in what we call "crowdspeak."
Myosin V attachment to cargo requires the tight association of two functional subdomains (2005)

The myosin V carboxyl-terminal globular tail domain is essential for the attachment of myosin V to all known cargoes. Previously, the globular tail was viewed as a single, functional entity. Here, we show that the globular tail of the yeast myosin Va homologue, Myo2p, contains two structural subdomains that have distinct functions, namely, vacuole-specific and secretory vesicle-specific movement. Biochemical and genetic analyses demonstrate that subdomain I tightly associates with subdomain II, and that the interaction does not require additional proteins. Importantly, although neither subdomain alone is functional, simultaneous expression of the separate subdomains produces a functional complex in vivo. Our results suggest a model whereby intramolecular interactions between the globular tail subdomains help to coordinate the transport of multiple distinct cargoes by myosin V.
El incremento en la edad de jubilación y la prevención de riesgos laborales (2012)

El envejecimiento de la poblacion afecta a todos los paises desarrollados. En Europa la esperanza de vida media es de 73 anos. Y la ONU preve que seguira aumentando: en 2060 aproximadamente 7 anos, es decir, sera de 80 anos. Sin embargo esta mayor longevidad no se vera compensada por el numero de nacimientos ni los flujos de inmigrantes. Las tendencias de la poblacion activa en la UE-27 apuntan a que el grupo de edades de 55 a 64 anos aumentara en un 16,2 % (9,9 millones) entre 2010 y 2030. Todos los demas grupos de edades muestran una tendencia a la baja, que va del 5,4 % (40 - 54 anos) al 14,9 % (25 - 39 anos). Ante esa prevision, y para evitar la quiebra de los sistemas de pensiones, la Comision Europea ha aconsejado a los paises miembros elevar la edad de jubilacion de forma paulatina hasta los 70 anos o, como propone la Organizacion para la Cooperacion y el Desarrollo Economico (OCDE) fijar un mecanismo que automaticamente fije la edad de jubilacion en funcion de la evolucion de la esperanza de vida.
Fibernet II: A Fiber Optic Ethernet (1983)

This paper describes a fiber optic local area network which has been designed for use as an Ethernet and is currently operating at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The fiber optic network, named Fibernet II, is an active-star configured network which is plug compatible with Ethernet at the transceiver cable interface. Collision detection is performed in the active star and collision presence is transmitted to the Fibernet transceivers. The performance and capabilities of Fibernet II are presented along with the motivation for the particular fiber optic implementation that was realized.
In Vitro Activity of Caspofungin against <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms (2002)

Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation on biological or inanimate surfaces. Candida albicans biofilms are recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antifungal therapies. Here we report on the activity of caspofungin, a new semisynthetic echinocandin, against C. albicans biofilms. Caspofungin displayed potent in vitro activity against sessile C. albicans cells within biofilms, with MICs at which 50% of the sessile cells were inhibited well within the drug's therapeutic range. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to visualize the effects of caspofungin on preformed C. albicans biofilms, and the results indicated that caspofungin affected the cellular morphology and the metabolic status of cells within the biofilms. The coating of biomaterials with caspofungin had an inhibitory effect on subsequent biofilm development by C. albicans. Together these findings indicate that caspofungin displays potent activity against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and merits further investigation for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
An Optical Source for Characterizing CMOS Imagers (2004)

To characterize CMOS imagers an LED-based multi-spectral optical source system was designed and tested which is capable of illuminating a 15-mm field at a conjugate distance of 50 mm with 98 percent uniformity. The calibration source is comprised of an array of RGB semiconductor LEDs, an IR cutoff filter and a diffusing lens. The system is integrated into an anodized aluminum housing. The spatial uniformity of the LED optical source was compared with an optical integrating sphere and an Optoliner projection system.
Attitude Control of Earth Orbiting Satellite by Solar Radiation Pressure (2014)

Meeting Information: The 24th Workshop on JAXA Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics 2014 (July 28-29, 2014. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
Photoluminescence from copper(I) complexes with low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states (1978)

M. T. Buckner and D. R. McMillin, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 759 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000759
Direct Evidence for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Breast Cancer (2008)

We developed stromal- and epithelial-specific cre-transgenic mice to directly visualize epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer progression in vivo. Using three different oncogene-driven mouse mammary tumor models and cell-fate mapping strategies, we show in vivo evidence for the existence of EMT in breast cancer and show that myc can specifically elicit this process. Hierarchical cluster analysis of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity reveals that the incidence of EMT in invasive human breast carcinomas is rare, but when it occurs it is associated with the amplification of MYC. These data provide the first direct evidence for EMT in breast cancer and suggest that its development is favored by myc-initiated events.
Membrane lipid changes in laminectomized and traumatized cat spinal cord. (1985)

Free fatty acid (FFA), diacylglycerol (acyl2Gro), icosanoid, phospholipid, and cholesterol levels were measured in samples of cat spinal cord (L2) that were frozen in situ with vertebrae intact, at various times after laminectomy, and at various times after laminectomy with compression trauma to the spinal cord. Tissue samples either were grossly dissected into gray and white portions prior to FFA and acyl2Gro analysis or were used whole for the other lipid types. Gray matter total FFA and acyl2Gro values were abnormally high in samples frozen with vertebrae intact and in those frozen 10 min after laminectomy. This indicates that the surgical procedures resulted in some perturbation of spinal cord lipid metabolism. If the experimental animals were allowed to recover for 90 min after laminectomy, the gray matter FFA and acyl2Gro levels were greatly reduced. Compression of the spinal cord with a 170-g weight for 1, 3, or 5 min (following 90 min of recovery after laminectomy) caused significant elevations of total FFA, acyl2Gro, icosanoids, and phosphatidic acid and significant decreases in ethanolamine plasmalogens and cholesterol. Among the total FFA, arachidonic acid was found to have the largest relative increase. Comparisons of gray and white matter demonstrate that, in general, changes in white matter FFA and acyl2Gro were similar to those seen in gray matter. However, the increases in white matter levels of FFA and acyl2Gro were delayed, occurring after the elevations in gray matter. For some FFA (e.g., arachidonate), the rise in white matter occurred as gray matter levels were decreasing. This suggests that the initial alteration in spinal cord lipid metabolism after trauma was in gray matter but, with time, spread radially into white matter.
Plasma-assisted Catalysis for the Abatement of Isopropyl Alcohol over Metal Oxides (2014)

금속산화물이 담지된 허니컴 형상의 플라즈마-촉매 반응기를 이용하여 아이소프로필 알코올(isopropyl alcohol, IPA) 저감 및 부산물 생성 거동에 대해 조사하였다. 허니컴 형상의 다공질 세라믹 지지체(주성분: <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>)에 금속산화물로 산화철(<TEX>$Fe_2O_3$</TEX>) 또는 산화구리(CuO)를 담지시킨 후, 이 촉매가 동축 원통형 전극구조 내부에 위치하도록 플라즈마-촉매 반응기를 구성하였다. 플라즈마 반응에 의한 IPA 분해속도가 매우 빨랐기 때문에 IPA 분해효율 자체는 금속산화물 담지 여부 및 금속산화물 종류에 관계없이 유사한 것으로 나타났으나, 부산물 생성거동은 촉매종류에 따라 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 아세톤, 폼알데하이드, 아세트알데하이드, 메테인, 일산화탄소 등의 유해 부산물 농도는 <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> < <TEX>$CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> < <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> 순으로 높게 나타났다. 유량 <TEX>$1L\;min^{-1}$</TEX>, IPA 초기농도 5,000 ppm(산소: 10%), 방전전력 47 W의 조건에서 얻어진 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 선택도는 <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>에 대해 각각 40, 80, 95%로서 <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>가 플라즈마-촉매를 이용한 IPA의 산화에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 플라즈마를 단독으로 사용하여 휘발성유기화합물을 분해할 경우 타르형태의 생성물이 반응기에 퇴적되는 문제점이 있으나, 플라즈마-촉매 공정에서는 이러한 현상이 관찰되지 않았으며 촉매의 활성이 그대로 유지되었다. This work investigated the plasma-catalytic decomposition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and the behavior of the byproduct compounds over monolith-supported metal oxide catalysts. Iron oxide (<TEX>$Fe_2O_3$</TEX>) or copper oxide (CuO) was loaded on a monolithic porous <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> support, which was placed inside the coaxial electrodes of plasma reactor. The IPA decomposition efficiency itself hardly depended on the presence and type of metal oxides because the rate of plasma-induced decomposition was so fast, but the behavior of byproduct formation was largely affected by them. The concentrations of the unwanted byproducts, including acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methane, carbon monoxide, etc., were in order of <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> < <TEX>$CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> < <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> from low to high. Under the condition (flow rate: <TEX>$1L\;min^{-1}$</TEX>; IPA concentration: 5,000 ppm; <TEX>$O_2$</TEX> content: 10%; discharge power: 47 W), the selectivity towards <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> was about 40, 80 and 95% for <TEX>${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> and <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>, respectively, indicating that <TEX>$Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> is the most effective for plasma-catalytic oxidation of IPA. Unlike plasma-alone processes in which tar-like products formed from volatile organic compounds are deposited, the present plasma-catalyst hybrid system did not exhibit such a phenomenon, thus retaining the original catalytic activity.
Measurement of human latent transforming growth factor-β1 using a latency associated protein-reactive ELISA (2012)

Human Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1, one of three TGF-β isoforms, is a pleotropic cytokine critical for many physiological and immunological processes. TGF-β1 is secreted in a latent form, linked to Latency Associated Protein (LAP). Analysis of Latent TGF-β1 by TGF-β1 ELISA requires dissociation of TGF-β1 from LAP, e.g. by acidification of samples. The ELISA then measures total TGF-β1, equivalent to dissociated Latent TGF-β1 plus any free TGF-β1 present prior to acidification. Evolutionary conservation of TGF-β1 across mammals also renders TGF-β1 ELISAs reactive with TGF-β1 in bovine serum often used in human cell cultures. To enable a direct analysis of Latent TGF-β1, monoclonal antibodies were made against LAP from human Latent TGF-β1 and used to develop a LAP ELISA detecting Latent TGF-β1. The ELISA did not react with LAP from human Latent TGF-β2 or 3, respectively, nor with Latent TGF-β in bovine serum. EDTA-containing plasma from healthy subjects (n=20) was analyzed by conventional TGF-β1 ELISA and LAP ELISA. By TGF-β1 ELISA, total TGF-β1 were detected in all samples (median 133 pM, range 34-348 pM); low levels of free TGF-β1 found in 8/20 non-acidified samples showed that >98.5% of the total TGF-β1 derived from Latent TGF-β1. Latent TGF-β1 found in non-acidified samples by LAP ELISA (median 154 pM, range 48-403 pM) was comparable in molar levels to, and correlated with, total TGF-β1 (r(s) 0.96, p<0.0001). A similar agreement between the total TGF-β1 and the LAP ELISA was found with citrate- and heparin-containing plasma. The LAP ELISA facilitates analysis of Latent TGF-β1 without sample acidification and is not compromised by the presence of bovine serum in human cell supernatants.
What Does It Cost To Dry Corn (1956)

Returns from artificial drying vary from year to year, depending on weather and other conditions. But it's possible to give a reasonably accurate picture of the costs to consider along with the advantages and disadvantages.
Highly Electrophilic Half-Sandwich Group 4 Metallacarborane Alkyls. C−H/C−O Activation and Alkyne Insertion Reactions at Neutral Metal Complexes (2005)

Treatment of 7-Me2N(H)CH2CH2-7,8-C2B9H11 with M(CH2SiMe3)4 in toluene gave the C−H activation products [η1:σ:η5-{MeN(CH2)CH2CH2}C2B9H10]M(CH2SiMe3)(THF) (M = Zr (1), Hf (2)). Insertion of diphenylacetylene into the azametallacyclopropane in 2 and subsequent elimination of SiMe4 afforded a new metallacyclic complex, [σ:σ:η1:η5-{(CH2)[(CH2)PhCCPh]N(CH2CH2)C2B9H10}]Hf(THF) (3). Reaction of Zr(CH2Ph)4 with 7-Me2N(H)CH2CH2-7,8-C2B9H11 in DME generated a C−H/C−O activation product, [{η1:σ:η5-[MeN(CH2)CH2CH2]C2B9H10}Zr(μ:η1-OCH2CH2OCH3)]2 (4). These results demonstrated that neutral half-sandwich metallacarborane alkyls have characteristics of electrophilic metal alkyls.
Definitions of Managed Objects for WWW Services (1999)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet Community. In particular it describes a set of objects for managing World Wide Web (WWW) services.
Refeeding and metabolic syndromes: two sides of the same coin (2014)

Refeeding syndrome describes the metabolic and clinical changes attributed to aggressive rehabilitation of malnourished subjects. The metabolic changes of refeeding are related to hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, sodium retention and hyperglycemia, and these are believed to be mainly the result of increased insulin secretion following high carbohydrate intake. In the past few decades, increased consumption of processed food (refined cereals, oils, sugar and sweeteners, and so on) lowered the intake of several macrominerals (mainly phosphorus, potassium and magnesium). This seems to have compromised the postprandial status of these macrominerals, in a manner that mimics low grade refeeding syndrome status. At the pathophysiological level, this condition favored the development of the different components of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, it is reasonable to postulate that metabolic syndrome is the result of long term exposure to a mild refeeding syndrome.
High-density distributed electrode network, a multi-functional electroporation method for delivery of molecules of different sizes (2013)

We present a multi-functional electroporation method for delivery of biomolecule utilizing a high-density distributed electrode network (HDEN) under tri-phase electric stimulation. The HDEN device, with which drastic pH change during the electroporation was avoided,was demonstrated to be highly effective for transfection of not only DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs (siRNA), but also a small molecular anti-cancer drug, into cells in adjustable volumes of cell suspension. The method constitutes a very flexible electroporation approach in a wide range of in vitro or ex vivo scenarios in various tubes, standard multi-well plates as well as flow chambers.
Cloud Chamber for Optical Measurements of Aerosols (1963)

A cloud chamber is described in which various optical measurements of meteorological interest can be made. A refrigerated chamber of 4 cubic meters has been built, containing a mirror system permitting a range of optical path lengths up to 56 meters. The design of the optical system is explained, together with construction details of the chamber and a description of the two radiation detector systems. The usefulness of the chamber for transmissivity vs distance measurements and for scattering vs transmissivity measurements is indicated by examples of results obtained. Such measurements also can be used to calculate aerosol absorptivities.
Aberrant Mucin Assembly in Mice Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Spontaneous Inflammation Resembling Ulcerative Colitis (2008)

Characterisation of the mouse models we created and comparison with human disease suggest that ER stress-related mucin depletion could be a fundamental component of the pathogenesis of human colitis and that clinical studies combining genetics, ER stress-related pathology and relevant environmental epidemiology are warranted.
Temperature regulation with neural networks and alternative control schemes (1994)

In this article, we compare the neuro-control algorithm to three other control algorithms: fuzzy logic control, generalized predictive control, and proportional-plus-integral control. Each of these four algorithms is implemented on a water bath temperature control system. The four systems are compared through experimental studies under identical conditions with respect to set-point regulation, the effect of unknown load disturbances, large parameter variation, and variable deadtime in the system. It is found that the neurocontrol system compares well with the other three control systems and offers encouraging advantages. From the results of the experimental studies, however, the best characteristics of each of these different classes of control systems may be combined for realizing a more efficient and intelligent control scheme. >
Multiple-Symbol Differential Sphere Detection Aided Differential Space-Time Block Codes Using QAM Constellations (2011)

We propose Multiple-Symbol Differential Detection (MSDD) aided Differential Space-Time Block Codes (DSTBCs) using QAM. Our solution eliminates the requirement of high-complexity MIMO channel estimation and its pilot overhead, while mitigating the potential performance degradation of noncoherent receivers in fast fading channels. Additionally, we develop Multiple-Symbol Differential Sphere Detection (MSDSD) for the QAM aided DSTBC schemes advocated, in order to circumvent their potentially excessive complexity.