gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GHz SAW Transducers with Improved Lithographic Tolerance (1982)

The operation of interdigital transducers at high frequencies is limited by the smallest finger width and tolerance which can be obtained by lithography. Finger widths can be increased by harmonic operation, but for conventional transducers designed with equal finger and gap widths the permissible finger-width tolerance to maintain t he conversion loss within specified limits is almost indpendent of harmonic number. This limitation may be overcome in designs with unequal finger widths and gap widths (UFGW),so that conventional optical lithography becomes feasible for transducers operating at several GHz. A prescription is obtained for UFGW designs with harmonic responses insensitive to variations in finger widths due to imperfect l ithography. The efficiency of the prescription has been confirmed by theoretical analysis and experimentally. For example, the conversion loss of a UFGW transducer operating at the fifth harmonic varies by 1.2 dB for a finger width variation of f 0.4 wavelengths at the operating frequency. This compares with f 0.15 wavelengths tolerance with a conventional design.
Mutation I810N in the α3 isoform of Na <sup>+</sup> ,K <sup>+</sup> -ATPase causes impairments in the sodium pump and hyperexcitability in the CNS (2009)

In a mouse mutagenesis screen, we isolated a mutant, Myshkin (Myk), with autosomal dominant complex partial and secondarily generalized seizures, a greatly reduced threshold for hippocampal seizures in vitro, posttetanic hyperexcitability of the CA3-CA1 hippocampal pathway, and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Positional cloning and functional analysis revealed that Myk/+ mice carry a mutation (I810N) which renders the normally expressed Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha3 isoform inactive. Total Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was reduced by 42% in Myk/+ brain. The epilepsy in Myk/+ mice and in vitro hyperexcitability could be prevented by delivery of additional copies of wild-type Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha3 by transgenesis, which also rescued Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Our findings reveal the functional significance of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha3 isoform in the control of epileptiform activity and seizure behavior.
The effect of different endotracheal suction procedures on arterial blood gases in a controlled experimental model. (1977)

In an anesthetized hypoxemic animal model, 15 seconds of endotracheal suctioning, using a suction pressure of --170 mm. Hg and endotracheal tube to suction catheter ratio of 1.87 to 1, produced a 13 mm. Hg fall in arterial oxygen tension. Oxygen tension did not return to control level even at 5 minutes after suctioning. Giving 100 per cent oxygen before suctioning prevented suction-induced hypoxemia during and immediately after suctioning, but at 5 minutes after suctioning, oxygen tension fell below control levels. Mechanical lung hyperinflation with room air after suctioning quickly raised arterial oxygen tension above control levels. When mechanical ventilation using 100 per cent oxygen was maintained before, during, and after the suction procedure, arterial oxygen tension remained elevated at all times.
RIPE: An object-oriented Robot Independent Programming Environment (1990)

An object-oriented Robot Independent Programming Environment (RIPE) developed at Sandia National Laboratories is being used for rapid design and implementation of a variety of applications. A system architecture based on hierarchies of distributed multiprocessors provides the computing platform for a layered programming structure that models the application as a set of software objects. These objects are designed to support model-based automated planning and programming, real-time sensor-based activity, error handling, and robust communication. The object-oriented paradigm provides mechanisms such as inheritance and polymorphism which allow the implementation of the system to satisfy the goals of software, reusability, extensibility, reliability, and portability. By designing a hierarchy of generic parent classes and device-specific subclasses which inherit the same interface, a Robot Independent Programming Language (RIPL) is realized. Work cell tasks demonstrating robotic cask handling operations for nuclear waste facilities are successfully implemented using this object-oriented software environment. 19 refs., 8 figs.
Inhibitive Chain Transfer to Ligand in the ATRP of<i>n</i>-Butyl Acrylate (2006)

The N,N,N‘,N‘,N‘ ‘-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) ligand, commonly used in copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), is known to have an inhibitive effect on the kinetics of the ATRP of alkyl acrylate monomers due to the chain transfer reaction involving the ligand species. However, the exact chemical nature of the ligand radicals resulting from the chain transfer reaction and other reactions that the ligand radicals may undergo subsequently are presently unknown, making it difficult to establish the precise reaction mechanism of the copper/PMDETA-based ATRP of alkyl acrylate monomers. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the chemistries and reactions of the PMDETA species in the ATRP of n-butyl acrylate, we conducted (i) experimental measurements to determine how changes in PMDETA concentration influence the ATRP kinetics and the molecular properties of the product, (ii) electron density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify probable pathways for reactions involving the PMDETA ligand, and (iii) fitting of the experimental data obtained from (i) to a kinetic model derived on the basis of the reaction feasibility analyses from (ii) to test the validity of the proposed ATRP mechanism. The results suggest that (a) the proton abstraction from the PMDETA ligand occurs predominantly at a specific site of the molecule, (b) once generated, the ligand radical is unlikely to be involved in any further reaction, and (c) there appears to exist a disparity in the reactivity of PMDETA toward chain transfer reactions between the free and copper-bound states.
Overview of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Biotechnologic Drugs (1996)

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the science that combines measurement of serum drug concentrations with clinical pharmacokinetics. Biotechnological drugs may be obtained by recombinant DNA technology, monoclonal antibody technology, polymerase chain reaction, gene therapy, nucleotide blockade, peptide technology, and carbohydrate technology. Examples of biotechnological drugs include antisense drugs, clotting factors, hematopoietic factors, hormones, interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, tissue growth factors, and vaccines. For drugs that are physiological peptides used for substitution therapy, TDM is not indicated. For other biotechnological drugs, the criteria developed for monitoring of "classical" therapeutic agents should be used on an individual basis to determine whether there is a role for TDM.
L-A double-stranded RNA viruslike particle replication cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: particle maturation in vitro and effects of mak10 and pet18 mutations. (1987)

Previously, we found that log-phase cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a new type of viruslike particles containing only plus- strand L-A single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). These particles synthesize minus-strand RNA in an in vitro RNA polymerase reaction to produce L-A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The major class of particles contains L-A dsRNA and synthesizes plus-strand L-A ssRNA by a conservative mechanism. In this paper, we show that mutations in mak10 or the pet18 locus, which result in temperature-dependent replication of L-A dsRNA in vivo, also result in instability of the L-A dsRNA-containing (major class) viruslike particles in vitro. The L-A dsRNA (minus-strand)-synthesizing particles isolated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation synthesize plus-strand L-A ssRNA after completion of dsRNA (minus-strand) synthesis and have the same major coat protein as that of the major-class particles. Furthermore, the density of the dsRNA-synthesizing particles from wild-type cells shifts to that of the major-class dsRNA-containing particles as a result of the in vitro RNA polymerase reaction. Thus, L-A dsRNA-synthesizing particles undergo functional and structural maturation in vitro.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: An update on adherent invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> pathogenicity (2014)

Escherichia coli (E. coli), and particularly the adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) pathotype, has been increasingly implicated in the ethiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). E. coli strains with similar pathogenic features to AIEC have been associated with other intestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and coeliac disease, but AIEC prevalence in these diseases remains largely unexplored. Since AIEC was described one decade ago, substantial progress has been made in deciphering its mechanisms of pathogenicity. However, the molecular bases that characterize the phenotypic properties of this pathotype are still not well resolved. A review of studies focused on E. coli populations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is presented here and we discuss about the putative role of this species on each IBD subtype. Given the relevance of AIEC in CD pathogenesis, we present the latest research findings concerning AIEC host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. We also review the existing data regarding the prevalence and abundance of AIEC in CD and its association with other intestinal diseases from humans and animals, in order to discuss the AIEC disease- and host-specificity. Finally, we highlight the fact that dietary components frequently found in industrialized countries may enhance AIEC colonization in the gut, which merits further investigation and the implementation of preventative measures.
Light-pen detection with a plasma display panel (1975)

A light-pen detection System for a plasma panel, with the supporting panel-drive system, is described, The system disturbs the time of light emission of the cell, making it detectable. The disturb pulse is similar to one previously reported, but does offer an advantage because it does not affect the panel sustain margin.
The FASTBUS Cable Segment (1984)

The Fastbus Cable Segment is a high speed parallel multidrop bus, which is operated with differential current drivers and differential line receivers. This paper describes the development leading to that scheme, the implementation and application results.
Integrin-mediated signal transduction pathways. (1999)

Integrins serve as adhesion receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and also transduce biochemical signals into the cell. They regulate a variety of cellular functions, including spreading, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Many signaling pathways downstream of integrins have been identified and characterized and are discussed here. In particular, integrins regulate many protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, such as FAK and Src, to coordinate many of the cell processes mentioned above. The regulation of MAP kinases by integrins is important for cell growth or other functions, and the putative roles of Ras and FAK in these pathways are discussed. Phosphatidylinositol lipids and their modifying enzymes, particularly PI 3-kinase, are strongly implicated as mediators of integrin-regulated cytoskeletal changes and cell migration. Similarly, actin cytoskeleton regulation by the Rho family of GTPases is coordinated with integrin signaling to regulate cell spreading and migration, although the exact relationship between these pathways is not clear. Finally, intracellular pH and calcium fluxes by integrins are suggested to affect a variety of cellular proteins and functions.
Plasma digitalislike activity in essential hypertension or end-stage renal disease. (1986)

Plasma extracts from 119 subjects showed a digitalislike activity, as evidenced by the ability of these extracts to inhibit ouabain binding to the Na+-K+ pump. High levels of the digitalislike compound were found in 18 of 54 untreated hypertensive subjects, 7 of 21 normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension, and 10 of 14 patients with end-stage renal failure. Dialysis significantly reduced the activity of this compound. These results suggest 1) that endogenous digitalislike factor is not directly linked to hypertension but rather is related to sodium balance and 2) that it neither originates nor is activated by renal tissue, as it was present in four of six anephric patients.
Rosetta Stone: A Consideration of the Dardenne Brothers' Rosetta (2002)

The Dardenne brothers' Rosetta has Christian overtones despite its unrelieved bleakness of tone. In fact, the titular heroine, a teenaged Belgian girl living in dire, subproletarian poverty, has much in common with Robert Bresson's protagonists Mouchette and Balthasar. Both Mouchette (1966) and Au hasard Balthasar (1966) are linked with Rosetta in their examination of the casual, gratuitous inhumanity to which the meek of this earth are subjected, and both films partake of a religious tradition, or spiritual style, dominated by French Catholics like Bresson, Cavalier, Pialat, and Doillon. Those who have argued that the Dardennes' film is merely a documentary-like chronicle of a depressing case choose to ignore this work's religious element, in addition to the fact that Rosetta, unlike Mouchette or Balthasar, is alive and in the good company of a genuine human spirit at the end.
In vitro effect of ascorbic acid on infectivity of herpesviruses and paramyxoviruses (1986)

Suspensions of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and parainfluenzavirus type 2 were inactivated within 24 h when treated at 37 degrees C with 1 mg (5.05 mM) of copper-catalyzed sodium ascorbate per ml. The infectivity titer of respiratory syncytial virus was reduced substantially after 24 h but required 48 h for inactivation. Under these conditions, inactivation of these viruses was also successfully achieved with 5.68 mM catalyzed ascorbic acid. Copper (Cu2+), when added with the ascorbate solution at 5 micrograms/ml (0.022 mM), exhibited a catalytic effect on the inactivation of these viruses. The rate of inactivation was affected by the incubation temperature, time of exposure, and the virus concentration. Ascorbate concentrations as high as 10 mg/ml (50.5 mM) demonstrated only a minimum increase in effect on viral inactivation. The loss of infectivity did not alter either the hemagglutination or complement fixation qualities of the antigens.
DHHC Protein S-Acyltransferases Use Similar Ping-Pong Kinetic Mechanisms but Display Different Acyl-CoA Specificities (2012)

DHHC proteins catalyze the reversible S-acylation of proteins at cysteine residues, a modification important for regulating protein localization, stability, and activity. However, little is known about the kinetic mechanism of DHHC proteins. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescent peptide-based assay for protein S-acylation activity was developed to characterize mammalian DHHC2 and DHHC3. Time courses and substrate saturation curves allowed the determination of V(max) and K(m) values for both the peptide N-myristoylated-GCG and palmitoyl-coenzyme A. DHHC proteins acylate themselves upon incubation with palmitoyl-CoA, which is hypothesized to reflect a transient acyl enzyme transfer intermediate. Single turnover assays with DHHC2 and DHHC3 demonstrated that a radiolabeled acyl group on the enzyme transferred to the protein substrate, consistent with a two-step ping-pong mechanism. Enzyme autoacylation and acyltransfer to substrate displayed the same acyl-CoA specificities, further supporting a two-step mechanism. Interestingly, DHHC2 efficiently transferred acyl chains 14 carbons and longer, whereas DHHC3 activity was greatly reduced by acyl-CoAs with chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The rate and extent of autoacylation of DHHC3, as well as the rate of acyl chain transfer to protein substrate, were reduced with stearoyl-CoA when compared with palmitoyl-CoA. This is the first observation of lipid substrate specificity among DHHC proteins and may account for the differential S-acylation of proteins observed in cells.
TOFSIMS Studies of Cleaning Procedures and Silane Surface Treatments of Steels (1995)

Abstract Surface contaminants can affect properties such as wet-tability and reactivity in subsequent surface preparation processes. Cleaning of metal substrates has usually been studied by techniques such as AES and XPS. These techniques do not give any information on the molecular structure of the contaminants; however, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOFSIMS) with its monolayer sensitivity, has been effective in providing structural, molecular information of organic contaminants which may be useful in identifying the source of the contamination. Industrial alkaline cleaning and degreasing processes leave mainly a siloxane-type of contaminant that deteriorates the adhesion of metals to epoxies. Phosphating leaves the surface clean and microrough, which improves the adhesion of adhesives to cold-rolled steel (CRS). Epoxies when cured at high temperatures give better adhesion values as compared to room temperature epoxies. Organofunctional silanes such as styrylamino aminopropyltrimeth-oxysilane (SAAPS) were found to have a specific orientation on the metal substrate as a function of cleanliness and mode of application. The orientation of the vinylbenzyl group towards the epoxy adhesive is shown to improve adhesion. A combined silicate and silane post-rinse of phosphate coatings is shown to be effective in giving the silanes the required orientation for bonding to epoxies, thus improving the adhesion.
Physical Properties of Soy Bean and Broad Bean 11S Globulin Gels Formed by Transglutaminase Reaction (1995)

ABSTRACT Physical properties of transglutaminase‐induced glycinin and legumin gels were compared with thermally induced gels. Results of deformation tests showed that transglutaminase‐induced gels were more rigid and elastic than thermally induced gels. From creep compliance tests, all elastic moduli and viscosities except Newtonian viscosity were higher for transglutaminase‐induced gels. Electron micrographs revealed that network structures of transglutaminase‐induced gels were composed of larger unit particles forming more developed strands and clusters. More rigid and elastic gels were formed from glycinin as compared to legumin by both gelling methods.
Quantification of mitogen induced human lymphocyte proliferation: Comparison of alamarblue<sup>tm</sup> assay to <sup>3</sup>h‐thymidine incorporation assay (1995)

Proliferation of human lymphocytes in response to various stimuli has traditionally been assessed by measuring uptake of radiolabeled nucleotides such as 3H-thymidine. We have evaluated a fluorometric assay, which uses the commercially available reagent, alamarBlue, as a potential substitute for the 3H-thymidine assay in measuring proliferation of human lymphocytes. In this assay, alamarBlue is added to a population of cells where it is reduced by mitochondrial enzyme activity. The reduced form of the reagent is fluorescent and can be quantitatively detected. The safety and convenience of the alamarBlue assay make it very attractive for use in the clinical laboratory. In this study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated using the mitogen Concanavalin A, and proliferation was assessed using either the 3H-thymidine or the alamarBlue assay. The alamarBlue assay reliably detects human PBMC and we found that the linear range of detection was 10(4) cells/well (96-well plate) to 5 x 10(5) cells/well. Detection of human PBMC is highly reproducible and the alamarBlue assay may be suitable in a number of applications where detection or relative quantitation of human PBMC is required. The alamarBlue assay also detected mitogen induced proliferation of PBMC although with a significantly lower level of sensitivity than the standard 3H-thymidine assay.
Effect of Atorvastatin on Pro-Inflammatory Status (in vivo and in vitro) in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome (2014)

Therapy with atorvastatin (20 to 40 mg/day) facilitated reduction of serum concentration of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and neopterin) and decrease of spontaneous production by blood mononuclear leukocytes of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and reactive oxygen species. Dynamics of cytokine concentrations in supernatants of mononuclear leukocytes obtained after incubation of the cells with atorvastatin in vitro confirmed the assumption of direct inhibitory effect of this drug on spontaneous production of some proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1). Absence of significant lowering of concentrations of other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and expression of reactive oxygen species in vitro evidenced for complex indirect effect of therapy with atorvastatin on their production.
ISOFLAVONES IN SOY INFANT FORMULA: A Review of Evidence for Endocrine and Other Activity in Infants (2004)

Soy infant formulas are widely used, but few studies have evaluated long-term safety or examined specific forms of toxicity, such as to the endocrine or immune systems. This review focuses on newer experimental studies of the effects on estrogen activity, immune function, and thyroid economy of genistein and daidzein, two isoflavones in soy infant formula, and existing human studies of soy formula use. In order to judge the likelihood that an endpoint seen in laboratory studies might occur in soy-fed infants, we examined the doses and the resulting serum or plasma concentrations from the laboratory studies and compared them with doses and concentrations seen in soy-fed infants. We also summarized the estimates of the potency of the isoflavone compounds relative to estradiol. Given the scarcity and inconsistency of existing human data and the substantial laboratory evidence of hormonal and other activity at doses relevant to the soy-fed infant, we conclude that more clinical and epidemiological study is warranted.
The Burden of Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leaks: an Evaluation of Clinical and Economic Outcomes (2014)

Anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery increase the total clinical and economic burden by a factor of 0.6-1.9 for a 30-day re-admission, postoperative infection, LOS, and hospital costs.
Van de Graaf-based 13.5 nm inverse-Compton light source (2012)

We review the factors governing the performance of inverse-Compton light sources in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) region. While the use of an optical storage cavity and the minimization of the laser pump focal spot area remain critical to the optimization of power and brightness in the EUV, the appearance of a strong space charge forces at the low electron energies required for operation in the EUV sets an independent lower limit to the focal spot area, and therefore an upper limit to source power and brightness. These limitations are at least partially compensated by the very high average electron currents realizable at these lower electron energies. Based on these considerations, we describe the design and estimated performance of an EUV inverse-Compton scattering light source optimized for average power output and brightness consistent with the limits imposed by the capabilities of existing materials, laser pumps, and radio frequency power sources.