gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical Localization and Crystal Structure of Human Frequenin (Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1) (2001)

Frequenin, a member of a large family of myristoyl-switch calcium-binding proteins, functions as a calcium-ion sensor to modulate synaptic activity and secretion. We show that human frequenin colocalizes with ARF1 GTPase in COS-7 cells and occurs in similar cellular compartments as the phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase PI4Kbeta, the mammalian homolog of the yeast kinase PIK1. In addition, the crystal structure of unmyristoylated, calcium-bound human frequenin has been determined and refined to 1.9 A resolution. The overall fold of frequenin resembles those of neurocalcin and the photoreceptor, recoverin, of the same family, with two pairs of calcium-binding EF hands and three bound calcium ions. Despite the similarities, however, frequenin displays significant structural differences. A large conformational shift of the C-terminal region creates a wide hydrophobic crevice at the surface of frequenin. This crevice, which is unique to frequenin and distinct from the myristoyl-binding box of recoverin, may accommodate a yet unknown protein ligand.
A stable nitroxide radical effectively decreases mucosal damage in experimental colitis. (1995)

TEMPOL, a cyclic nitroxide stable radical blocks biological damage by breaking chain reactions through termination reaction with free radicals, and by inhibiting the catalytic effect of transition metals. This study tested its protective effect on two models of experimental colitis as free radicals play an important part in their pathogenesis. TEMPOL was given intragastrically immediately after induction of colitis with acetic acid or trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNB) and mucosal damage was assessed one, three, or seven days later. Cellular partition of TEMPOL was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In vitro experiments showed that TEMPOL immediately penetrates colonic mucosa and, following its intragastric administration, it persists in both gastric and colonic mucosa for several hours. Intragastric administration of TEMPOL, 0.5 g/kg/bw, immediately after intracaecal administration of 5% acetic acid significantly decreased mucosal lesion area, myeloperoxidase activity, and leukotriene B4 and C4 generation when assessed 24 hours after damage induction. Intragastric administration of TEMPOL, 0.5 g/kg/bw, immediately after intracolonic administration of 30 mg TNB in 0.25 ml 50% ethanol, and once daily thereafter, significantly decreased mucosal lesion area assessed after one, three, and seven days, having no effect on LTC4 generation and affecting colonic weight, myeloperoxidase activity, and LTB4 generation only sporadically. In conclusion, TNB and acetic acid induced colitis can be pharmacologically manipulated by TEMPOL. TEMPOL may be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.
Computer simulation of strain energy effects vs surface and interface energy effects on grain growth in thin films (1996)

A computer simulation of grain growth in two dimensions has been used to model microstructural evolution in Ag(001)Ni thin films. Two orientation dependent driving forces have been included in the simulation: surface and interface energy and strain energy. Surface and interface energy and strain energy do not favor the growth of the same orientations and compete to determine the orientation and microstructure of the film. Growth of grains with (001) texture is favored in highly strained, relatively thick films, while growth of grains with (111) texture is favored by surface and interface energy minimization, especially in very thin films. When a film is constituted of only (001) and (111) grains, (001) texture can develop only if the yield stress of the (111) grains is sufficiently high to prevent yielding at early times. Experimental results confirm that (001) texture can develop in Ag(001)Ni films depending on the state of strain and film thickness.
Study of Errors among Nursing Students (2007)

The study of errors in the health system today is a topic of considerable interest aimed at reducing errors through analysis of the phenomenon and the conclusions reached. Errors that occur frequently among health professionals have also been observed among nursing students. True, in most cases they are actually “near errors,” but these could be a future indicator of therapeutic reality and the effect of nurses' work environment on their personal performance. There are two different approaches to such errors: (a) The EPP (error prone person) approach lays full responsibility at the door of the individual involved in the error, whether a student, nurse, doctor, or pharmacist. According to this approach, handling consists purely in identifying and penalizing the guilty party. (b) The EPE (error prone environment) approach emphasizes the environment as a primary contributory factor to errors. The environment as an abstract concept includes components and processes of interpersonal communications, work relations, human engineering, workload, pressures, technical apparatus, and new technologies. The objective of the present study was to examine the role played by factors in and components of personal performance as compared to elements and features of the environment. The study was based on both of the aforementioned approaches, which, when combined, enable a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of errors among the student population as well as a comparison of factors contributing to human error and to error deriving from the environment. The theoretical basis of the study was a model that combined both approaches: one focusing on the individual and his or her personal performance and the other focusing on the work environment. The findings emphasize the work environment of health professionals as an EPE. However, errors could have been avoided by means of strict adherence to practical procedures. The authors examined error events in the administration of medication by nursing students during 1999–2006 using narrative analysis and the qualitative triangulation method. The findings result in a recommendation to reconsider the mode of approaching errors in educational processes, the handling of errors in the clinical field, and improvement of the safety climate.
Successful fault isolation of bit line leakage and leakage suppression by ILD optimization in embedded flash memory (2005)

This paper discussed specifically by focusing on failure analysis study for the successful fault isolation of bit line to bit line (BL) leakage and the formation mechanism of electrical conducting path inside inter level dielectric (ILD) oxide between bit lines in flash cell arrays that has extra topography resulting from two stacked poly-Si layers, which causes the abnormal leakage current during the initial cycling test (a few times of erasing and programming) for flash memory device using high voltage application. In addition, we demonstrate the suppression of this leakage current by optimizing ILD deposition process, resulting in the significant yield improvement as well as better process margin across a wafer.
Mortality of Rhagoletis Completa Cress. (Diptera: Trypetidae) Through Ingestion of Certain Solid Materials (1932)

Ingestion studies in which lead arsenate, barium fluosilicate, cryolite, copper carbonate, hydrated lime, talc, diatomaceaus earth, bentonite, sulfur, and ground tobacco leaves were employed, demonstrated that adult flies (Rhagoletis completa Cress.) actually take undissolved particles into the stomach. Results of toxicity studies in which the above materials were employed are graphically presented.
A Novel High-Voltage Detector Integrated into SPIC by Using FFLR (2001)

A novel high voltage detector that can be integrated into SPIC (Smart Power IC) is proposed.The structure is designed on the basis of normal junction terminal technique of FFLR (Floating Field Limiting Rings) system.The field limiting ring as a voltage divider,is used to optimize the surface field.The voltage of main junction increases from 0 to a high value,while the utmost ring is designed to vary within a small range,which can be handled by using low voltage logic circuits.An example of 400V rings system is analyzed and simulated for this structure.The results prove that the high voltage detector can detect high voltage in SPIC.The structure can be integrated into SPIC.Besides,it is compatible with CMOS or BCD(Bipolar CMOS Dmos) technology,without any additional processes required.
Responses of jack pine and black spruce seedlings to inoculation with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (1991)

Seedlings of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were inoculated with liquid cultures of fragmented hyphae of 10 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and grown in either aseptic culture tubes for 20 weeks or nonaseptic pots for 16 weeks. Seedlings in pots received more total nutrients and produced larger root systems than those in tubes. Four of the fungi produced higher levels of colonization associated with these larger root systems. Short-root density of black spruce was increased compared with that of uninoculated seedlings by inoculation with Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton, Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagnési, or Thelephoraterrestris Ehrh. ex Fr. Colonization of jack pine by Rhizopogonrubescens (Tul.) Tulasne, L. bicolor, H. cylindrosporum, or Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch resulted in greater short-root densities than in uninoculated controls. Inoculation of potted black spruce with Laccariaproxima Boudier resulted in larger shoot weights and those inoculated with H. cylindrosporum had smaller root weights than did uninoculated seedlings. Both fungi resulted in increased shoot/root dry-weight ratios in black spruce. In contrast with black spruce, seedling weights were not affected by inoculation of jack pine with the same fungal species. However, inoculation of jack pine with R. rubescens resulted in a significantly higher shoot/root dry-weight ratio.
Bupropion in Tricyclic Antidepressant Nonresponders with Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (1994)

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medications are among the most widely used pharmacologic treatments for depression. However, a substantial number of patients fail to respond to these agents. Few standardized trials of pharmacologic treatments for TCA nonresponders are available. Bupropion has an apparently different mechanism of action than TCAs and represents a possible treatment for the TCA nonresponder. Based on positive results from pilot studies, a standardized study evaluating bupropion in TCA nonresponders was conducted. Forty-one depressed outpatients who had failed to respond to adequate documented TCA treatment, defined by specific criteria of dosage, duration, and plasma concentrations, entered a 1-week single-blind placebo phase, followed by an open 8-week bupropion treatment phase utilizing doses of up to the maximum daily dose of 450 mg. Response was measured by change on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) Scales, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Bupropion treatment resulted in an improvement in depression on all outcome measures. Forty-nine percent were considered "responders," in that they achieved > or = 50% improvement on the 28-item HAM-D. Fifty-four percent were classified as responders based on a CGI-I rating of much or very much improved. Statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms, measured by mean scores for the HAM-D, CGI-S, and HAM-A, was achieved at the end of the study (as compared to baseline). Twelve patients (32%) had a HAM-D score of < or = 10 at termination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between residual symptoms and social functioning in patients with depression (2020)

Compared with patients with normal social function, cases with impaired social function have more physical symptoms, more residual symptoms of depression, and less satisfaction with the quality of life. Residual symptoms are associated with social functional impairment in patients with depression.
Burnout and the Reading Teacher (1983)

It's the end of the school day on Friday and most of the teachers are congregating in the lounge and classrooms, happily anticipating the weekend. Carole, however, walks straight to the parking lot without pausing to speak to colleagues as she did in former years. Today she informed the principal that she would not be renewing her contract as a remedial reading teacher and, although saddened by her decision, she also feels relief that months of increasing frustration and self-doubt have reached a conclusion. Part of the tragedy of this hypothetical but all too familiar example of Carole is her feeling of isolation in dealing with the stress and depression culminating in burnout generated by her work as a remedial reading teacher. Ironically, her high levels of enthusiasm and success in her preservice education program and the excitement of her initial teaching experience did little to prepare Carole for the inevitable frustrations and disappointments in remedial teaching over which she had little or no control. Although a certain amount of stress and other burnout-inducing factors are present in any teaching situation, the authors of this article propose that the realities of certain professionals, such as reading teachers, magnify stress to levels that require explicit acknowledgement and preparation on a collective, profession-wide basis.
Lipase-catalyzed polyester synthesis - A green polymer chemistry (2010)

This article is a short comprehensive review describing in vitro polyester synthesis catalyzed by a hydrolysis enzyme of lipase, most of which has been developed for these two decades. Polyesters are prepared by repeated ester bond-formation reactions; they include two major modes, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers such as cyclic esters (lactones) and condensation polymerization via the reaction between a carboxylic acid or its ester group and an alcohol group. Polyester synthesis is, therefore, a reaction in reverse way of in vivo lipase catalysis of ester bond-cleavage with hydrolysis. The lipase-catalyzed polymerizations show very high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivities and involve various advantageous characteristics. Lipase is robust and compatible with other chemical catalysts, which allows novel chemoenzymatic processes. New syntheses of a variety of functional polyesters and a plausible reaction mechanism of lipase catalysis are mentioned. The polymerization characteristics are of green nature currently demanded for sustainable society, and hence, desirable for conducting 'green polymer chemistry'.
TyrR protein of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its role as repressor and activator (1991)

The TyrR protein regulates the expression of eight transcriptional units that comprise the TyrR regulon. In all but one case, regulation is by repression, while in two cases activation of expression can occur. Notwithstanding the fact that the TyrR protein contains an ATP-binding domain and a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain which are structurally homologous to domains of similar functions in proteins such as NifA, NtrC, DctD and XylR, it differs from them in a number of respects. It is not a part of a two-protein component system and it lacks the amino-terminal domain that is present on NtrC and DctD. It activates transcription from 'E sigma 70, promoters but not from 'E sigma 54, promoters. ATP binding seems to be essential for tyrosine-mediated repression but not for activation. In addition, the activity of the TyrR protein is modulated by the binding of one or more of the aromatic amino acids. The consensus sequence for TyrR-binding sites in DNA, referred to as TyrR boxes, is TGTAAAN6TTTACA. Tyrosine-mediated repression occurs at operators containing a pair of adjacent boxes. These have unequal affinities for the TyrR protein. The box that overlaps the RNA polymerase binding site is only bound by TyrR in the presence of both ATP and tyrosine, and binding appears to involve co-operativity between two TyrR protein dimers. In contrast, activation of expression by TyrR appears to require phenylalanine but not ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Efficient Speckle Tracking Algorithm for Ultrasonic Imaging (2002)

An efficient speckle tracking algorithm is proposed for motion estimation in ultrasonic imaging. Speckle tracking involves a matching process and a searching process. The matching process of the proposed algorithm is based on a Block Sum Pyramid algorithm that significantly reduces the computational complexity while maintaining the same accuracy as the conventional sum of absolute difference approach. The searching process, on the other hand, is based on a multilevel search strategy rather than the full-search strategy used by most conventional tracking methods. Both simulated speckle images and clinical breast images were used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the computation efficiency is improved by up to a factor of five over the conventional approach. The improved efficiency enables real-time or near-real-time implementation of motion estimation in ultrasonic imaging, which is particularly beneficial in areas such as blood flow estimation, elasticity imaging, speckle image registration, and strain compounding.
Electrospinning of Chitosan (2004)

Abstract Summary: An electrospun nonwoven fabric of a cationic polysaccharide, chitosan, was successfully prepared. The present study focuses on the effect of the electrospinning solvent and the chitosan concentration on the morphology of the resulting nonwoven fabrics. The solvents tested were dilute hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, neat formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. As the chitosan concentration was increased, the morphology of the deposition on the collector changed from spherical beads to interconnected fibrous networks. The addition of dichloromethane to the chitosan‐TFA solution improved the homogeneity of the electrospun chitosan fiber. Under optimized conditions, homogenous (not interconnected) chitosan fibers with a mean diameter of 330 nm were prepared. Effects of the coexisting dichloromethane (MC) in the prespun chitosan‐TFA solution on the morphology of the electrospun chitosan fibers. The volume ratio of TFA:MC was 70:30 (×5 000). magnified image Effects of the coexisting dichloromethane (MC) in the prespun chitosan‐TFA solution on the morphology of the electrospun chitosan fibers. The volume ratio of TFA:MC was 70:30 (×5 000).
Metal Hexacyanoferrate with Conducting Polymer Composite Film Modification Electrodes for Selectively Determination of AA, DA and UA (2010)

This present work describes oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) at poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) (PEDOT)/nickel hexacyano-ferrate (NiHCF), PEDOT/copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) and manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) film were modified on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The NiHCF-PEDOT, CuHCF-PEDOT and MnHCF-PEDOT hybrid materials are characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The advantages of these films are demonstrated for selectivity detection of ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric method. Interestingly, the PEDOT-NiHCF and PEDOT-CuHCF modified electrode exhibited a wide linear response range (from 5 x 10-6~3 x 10-4 M, R2 = 0.9973 and 1.8 x 10-3~1.8 x 10-2 M, R2 = 0.9924). The electrochemical sensors facilitated the oxidation of AA but not responded to other electroactive biomolecules such as dopamine, uric acid, H2O2, glucose. The difference is MnHCF-PEDOT/GCE that no response to AA. In addition, the NiHCF-PEDOT and CuHCF-PEDOT modified electrodes exhibited a distinct advantage of simple preparation, specificity, stability and reproducibility.
An investigation of a DSSS-OFDM-CDMA-FDMA indoor geolocation system (2004)

The navigation performance evaluation of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) indoor geolocation system is discussed in this paper. This system is an enhancement of a DSSS-CDMA-FDMA indoor geolocation system discussed previously. The OFDM aspect enables the system to achieve high data rate and the FDMA aspect enables the system to achieve higher signal separation; thus, mitigating multipath and eliminating the near-far effect and achieving high data rates. The system theoretical performance and simulations in terms of phase error vs. ideal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), channel impairments, synchronization time and frequency misalignments are presented in the paper. Based on this preliminary investigation it appears that a DSSS-OFDM-CDMA-FDMA indoor geolocation system can operate with data rate up to 5 MBPS and achieve mm phase errors in an indoor environment with up to 32 transmitters which makes this system very attractive to both indoor communication and navigation applications.
From graphene to graphite: A general tight-binding approach for nanoribbon carrier transport (2007)

In an effort to better understand the behavior of graphene, we developed an ab initio parametrized fit of hydrocarbon interactions, out to arbitrary neighbors, including forces. Our computed bands show that ribbons of graphene have increased numbers of zigzag edge states, and decreased armchair band gaps, when multilayered. Armchair ribbons are known to obey three families of gap-to-width relationships; we further find that carrier group velocity ${v}_{F}$ varies by family: small gaps have ideal ${v}_{F}$, and large gaps have $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20%$ deviations from ideal ${v}_{F}$. Boltzmann carrier transport simulations from calculated phonon scattering show a similar, familial conductance behavior, with peak field-effect mobility and saturated, small-field conductance increasing linearly with ribbon width.
Improved survival duration in patients with unresected solitary brain metastasis using accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy at total doses of 54.4 gray and greater results of radiation therapy oncology group 85–28 (1993)

A radiation dose response for survival time appears to exist with the use of accelerated hyperfractionated XRT for patients with unresected solitary brain metastasis.
The Benefits of Re-Evaluating Real-Time Fulfillment Decisions (2005)

At the time of a customer order, the e-tailer assigns the order to one or more of its order fulfillment centers, and/or to drop shippers, so as to minimize procurement and transportation costs, based on the available current information. However this assignment is necessarily myopic as it cannot account for all future events, such as subsequent customer orders or inventory replenishments. We examine the potential benefits from periodically re-evaluating these real-time order-assignment decisions. We construct near-optimal heuristics for the re-assignment for a large set of customer orders with the objective to minimize the total number of shipments. We investigate how best to implement these heuristics for a rolling horizon, and discuss the effect of demand correlation, customer order size, and the number of customer orders on the nature of the heuristics. Finally, we present potential saving opportunities by testing the heuristics on sets of order data from a major e-tailer.
Brain and Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Transgenic Tg2576 Mice Models of Alzheimer Disease Assessed Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET Imaging (2017)

Our results suggest that <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake in the Tg2576 mice brain show <sup>18</sup>F-FDG deficits only when blood glucose is taken into consideration.
Osteogenic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells is mediated by fibroblast growth factor receptors (2007)

10.1089/scd.2006.0044