gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposited alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) thin films on a high-<i>Q</i>mechanical silicon oscillator (2007)

In this paper, the influence of the atomic layer deposited alumina (Al2O3) thin films on the dynamics of a high-Q mechanical silicon oscillator was experimentally studied. The resonance frequency and Q value of uncoated oscillators used in this work were about f0 = 27 kHz and Q = 100 000 at p < 10−2 mbar and T = 300 K. Deposited alumina film thicknesses varied from 5 to 662 nm. It is demonstrated that the resonance frequency of the mechanical oscillator increases with the film thickness because the added alumina films effectively stiffen the oscillator structure. In addition, it is shown that alumina thin films with thickness up to 100 nm can be deposited on microfabricated mechanical resonant structures without degrading the initially high quality (Q value) of the resonance. The resonance frequency of the silicon oscillator was less sensitive to the changes in ambient temperature with thicker alumina coatings. The reflectivity of silicon at 633 nm was reduced from RSi = 0.35 to RAR = 0.035 by coating the silicon oscillator with an alumina film whose thickness corresponds to the quarter of the optical wavelength serving as a single-layer anti-reflection coating.
Design of a Membrane Fluorescent Sensor Based on Photo-Cross-Linked PEG Hydrogel (2002)

A polymeric hydrogel film was made photochemically for the fluorescent detection of copper ions. An eight-branched PEG macromer having a nitrocinnamate (NC) moiety as the pendant group was synthesized and found to form a gel upon exposure to 365-nm irradiation in the absence of any photoinitiators or catalysts. Peptide 1 (Dns-Gly-His-Lys(NC)) was synthesized with Fmoc solid-phase method and contained three essential parts: a dansyl fluorophore for fluorescent signal transduction, a metal binding site for selective recognition of copper ions from aqueous solution, and a NC group for interaction with PEG-NC macromer. The peptide was found to be efficiently immobilized within the hydrogel network during the photo-cross-linking process. The prepared PEG-NC/1 gel film is strongly fluorescent and can be quenched by the presence of copper ions. The quenching process was reversed by acid treatment and an excellent reversibility was obtained. The designed membrane sensor showed a superior selectivity toward copper ions as demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy and epifluorescence imaging.
Database Migration Using Standard Data Unload and Load Procedures On z/OS Platform (2007)

Database migration is the process of upgrading database management system to a more current release. There are situations when the regular migration method cannot be used. Problems occur when a large amounts of data needs to be transferred from one system to the target system, when there is a big release difference between them and when time is limiting factor. In that case an alternative method must be used. In this paper we are proposing a methodology for database migration. This methodology is focused on data migration from one system to the new target system. Standard unload and load procedure is used for data migration. The solutions available on the market are expensive and needs to be properly adapted to meet the customer situation. We have developed DBA 2007 program package containing thirteen programs inside. The program package implements our methodology which is verified on z/OS operating system using DB2 as database management system.
New Nozzle To Increase Drilling Rate by Pulsating Jet Flow (1994)

ABSTRACT A new type of jet nozzle for drill bits used in the oil industry is presented in this paper. This new nozzle utilizes Helmholz oscillation theory and generates a pulsating jet flow under common drilling hydraulics conditions and pump horsepower. This pulsating jet flow produces much higher instantaneous jet velocity and impact pressure than those from currently used jet nozzles, resulting in significant improvements in hole cleaning and drilling rate. The new nozzle can be used in conventional jet bits without modification. No auxiliary equipment is needed downhole or at the surface to generate the pulsating jet flow. Field tests of this new nozzle in six oil fields in P.R. China have shown that the nozzle can increase drilling rate 36 - 77 %, and increase bit footage 6-44 %. The theory and the laboratory test results with the new nozzle are presented in this paper. The field test results with the new nozzle are also presented and compared with the results from conventional nozzles. The field test results indicate a satisfactory economical benefit for this new nozzle in drilling both shallow wells and deep wells up to 15,000 ft.
A submicrometer 252 GHz f/sub T/ and 283 GHz f/sub MAX/ InP DHBT with reduced C/sub BC/ using selectively implanted buried subcollector (SIBS) (2005)

The selectively implanted buried subcollector (SIBS) is a method to decouple the intrinsic and extrinsic C/sub BC/ of InP-based double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs). Similar to the selectively implanted collector (SIC) used in Si-based bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and HBTs, ion implantation is used to create a N+ region in the collector directly under the emitter. By moving the subcollector boundary closer to the BC junction, SIBS allows the intrinsic collector to be thin, reducing /spl tau//sub C/, while simultaneously allowing the extrinsic collector to be thick, reducing C/sub BC/. For a 0.35 × 6 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> emitter InP-based DHBT with a SIBS, 6 fF total C/sub BC/ and >6 V BV/sub CBO/ were obtained with a 110-nm intrinsic collector thickness. A maximum f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 252 GHz and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 283 GHz were obtained at a V/sub CE/ of 1.6 V and I/sub C/ of 7.52 mA. Despite ion implantation and materials regrowth during device fabrication, a base and collector current ideality factor of /spl sim/2.0 and /spl sim/1.4, respectively, at an I/sub C/ of 100 μA, and a peak dc /spl beta/ of 36 were measured.
Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (2016)

Exercise induces beneficial responses in the brain, which is accompanied by an increase in BDNF, a trophic factor associated with cognitive improvement and the alleviation of depression and anxiety. However, the exact mechanisms whereby physical exercise produces an induction in brain Bdnf gene expression are not well understood. While pharmacological doses of HDAC inhibitors exert positive effects on Bdnf gene transcription, the inhibitors represent small molecules that do not occur in vivo. Here, we report that an endogenous molecule released after exercise is capable of inducing key promoters of the Mus musculus Bdnf gene. The metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate, which increases after prolonged exercise, induces the activities of Bdnf promoters, particularly promoter I, which is activity-dependent. We have discovered that the action of β-hydroxybutyrate is specifically upon HDAC2 and HDAC3, which act upon selective Bdnf promoters. Moreover, the effects upon hippocampal Bdnf expression were observed after direct ventricular application of β-hydroxybutyrate. Electrophysiological measurements indicate that β-hydroxybutyrate causes an increase in neurotransmitter release, which is dependent upon the TrkB receptor. These results reveal an endogenous mechanism to explain how physical exercise leads to the induction of BDNF.
Measurement of radiation efficiency of dielectric resonator antennas (1994)

Radiation efficiency (due to conduction and dielectric losses) of dielectric resonator antennas has been measured. Results show that for dielectric resonators placed directly on a metallic plane, the conduction losses are quite small. A radiation efficiency of >98% has been measured for dielectric resonator antennas operated in the dominant hybrid (HE/sub 11/spl delta//) mode. Theoretical considerations show scope of further improvement in the radiation efficiency by choosing optimum resonator parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modification of polyethylene terephthalate (dacron) via denier reduction: Effects on material tensile strength, weight, and protein binding capabilities (1995)

Thrombosis remains a significant and potentially catastrophic complication of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) prosthetic vascular graft implantation. Numerous attempts have been made to create a novel surface that reduces the adverse effects of blood interaction with the material. The purpose of this study was to create reactive groups on Dacron without significantly altering the chemical and physical properties of the biomaterial. These groups would then serve as "anchor sites" for covalent attachment of the blood protein albumin to the surface, thus creating a more biocompatible surface. Denier reduction, an established textile chemistry procedure that creates carboxyl groups on the fiber surface via hydrolysis of the material, was performed at 100 degrees C using sodium hydroxide concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% (treated materials referred to as 0.5% hydrolyzed etc.). Tensile strength determination of hydrolyzed materials revealed no statistically significant difference in material strength between control, 0.5, and 1.0% hydrolyzed materials; the 2.5 and 5.0% hydrolyzed materials had significant strength loss as compared to the controls. Significant fiber weight loss occurred in the 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% hydrolyzed Dacron segments. The 0.5% hydrolyzed material did not have any significant weight loss. Covalent linkage of 125I-albumin to these modified materials using the crosslinker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) resulted in the 0.5% hydrolyzed material having the greatest protein binding (330 ng/mg Dacron, 2,4-fold greater than control). Incubation of the 0.5% hydrolyzed material with EDC and various concentrations of 125I-albumin resulted in the 14.80 microM solution permitting the greatest binding per milligram Dacron (330 ng/mg Dacron). Scanning electron microscopy, performed blindly, revealed no change in the 0.5% hydrolyzed Dacron as compared to untreated Dacron. The 5.0% hydrolyzed Dacron, however, had noticeable structural damage on the outer periphery of the fiber surface. Observation of the untreated Dacron with nonspecifically bound albumin showed scattered areas of albumin adherent to the fiber surface whereas covalent linkage of albumin to the 0.5% hydrolyzed Dacron via EDC crosslinking showed numerous albumin moieties on each fiber. This study demonstrates that a clinically accepted biomaterial (Dacron) can be chemically modified, without significantly altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the biomaterial, in order to covalently bind albumin to the fiber surface. Thus, these results serve as foundation for creating potential novel biomaterials without significantly altering the properties of the original biomaterial.
A new parallel EM algorithm with the optimal data replication on a hypercube multiprocessor for 3D PET image reconstruction (2002)

The authors present a new parallel expectation maximization (EM) algorithm with the optimal data replication on a hypercube multiprocessor. Although data replication has been frequently used to reduce data sharing overhead, none of the parallel EM algorithms have attempted to optimize the data replication. To maximize efficiency of the proposed parallel EM algorithm, data replication have been optimized through strict mathematical formulation and analysis in this study. To verify the theoretical analyses, the authors have implemented the proposed parallel EM algorithm on an Intel iPSC/860 and the experimental results are shown to be consistent with the theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxygen Supply Method Using Gas-Permeable Film for Wastewater Treatment (1993)

Gas-permeable film can separate air and water, and at the same time, let oxygen diffuse from the air to the water through the film. An oxygen supply method using this film was investigated for the purpose of reducing energy consumption for wastewater treatment. The oxygen transfer rate was measured for the cases with or without biofilm, which proved the high rate of oxygen transfer in the case with nitrifying biofilm which performed nitrification. When the Gas-permeable film with nitrifying biofilm was applied to the treatment of wastewater, denitrifying biofilm formed on the nitrifying biofilm, and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred, resulting in the high rate of organic matter and T-N removal (7 gTOC/m2/d and 4 gT-N/m2/d, respectively). However, periodic sloughing of the denitrifying biofilm was needed to keep the oxygen transfer rate high. Energy consumption of the process using the film in the form of tubes was estimated to be less than 40% of that of the activated sludge process.
Empirical Bayes adjustments for multiple results in hypothesis-generating or surveillance studies. (2000)

Traditional methods of adjustment for multiple comparisons (e.g., Bonferroni adjustments) have fallen into disuse in epidemiological studies. However, alternative kinds of adjustment for data with multiple comparisons may sometimes be advisable. When a large number of comparisons are made, and when there is a high cost to investigating false positive leads, empirical or semi-Bayes adjustments may help in the selection of the most promising leads. Here we offer an example of such adjustments in a large surveillance data set of occupation and cancer in Nordic countries, in which we used empirical Bayes (EB) adjustments to evaluate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancer and occupation among craftsmen and laborers. For men, there were 642 SIRs, of which 138 (21%) had a P < 0.05 (13% positive with SIR > 1.0 and 8% negative with SIR < or = 1.0) when testing the null hypothesis of no cancer/occupation association; some of these were probably due to confounding by nonoccupational risk factors (e.g., smoking). After EB adjustments, there were 95 (15%) SIRs with P < 0.05 (10% positive and 5% negative). For women, there were 373 SIRs, of which 37 (10%) had P < 0.05 before adjustment (6% positive and 4% negative) and 13 (3%) had P < 0.05 after adjustment (2% positive and 1% negative). Several known associations were confirmed after EB adjustment (e.g., pleural cancer among plumbers, original SIR 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.5-4.1), adjusted SIR 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.4). EB can produce more accurate estimates of relative risk by shrinking imprecise outliers toward the mean, which may reduce the number of false positives otherwise flagged for further investigation. For example, liver cancer among chimney sweepers was reduced from an original SIR of 2.2 (range, 1.1-4.4) to an adjusted SIR of 1.1 (range, 0.9-1.4). A potentially important future application for EB is studies of gene-environment-disease interactions, in which hundreds of polymorphisms may be evaluated with dozens of environmental risk factors in large cohort studies, producing thousands of associations.
4D Pressure Pilot to Steer Well Spacing in Tight Gas (2006)

Abstract Obtaining reliable and accurate formation pressures in micro-Darcy rock has been a formidable challenge for tight gas producers. However, it is these pressures that give the most unambiguous data to identify unique reserves. They help to determine the drainage areas as well as appropriate well spacing for tight gas reservoirs. A 4D pressure pilot was designed and installed to measure pressure drop at two observation wells equipped with pressure gauges. The pressure gauges enable pressure monitoring along the wellbore (in space) and over time, hence the name 4D pressure pilot. Two wells were drilled with one in the maximum horizontal stress direction (aligned with the hydraulic fracture azimuth) and one perpendicular to this orientation. Each well was placed at approximately 660 ft from an existing producing well, corresponding to a conventional 10-acre pattern. Twenty pressure sensors were distributed over the 6,000 ft productive interval. One well showed significant depletion in the majority of the sands whereas the other displayed very little depletion. This pressure data together with open-hole and production log data, core data, and geologic models was used to construct detailed static and dynamic models. The resulting history matched models were used to evaluate numerous well densities and patterns. This formed the basis for the two wells per quarter quarter section application for the center of the field, which was approved by the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. Similar data gathering activities have been initiated in other parts of the field to formulate a comprehensive, field-wide spacing plan. Gauge configuration was designed to collect daily pressures in numerous sands without compromising future production. Combining existing systems offered by two contractors into an integrated package mounted external to the casing enabled us to acquire this data, while still allowing for hydraulic-fracture completion and normal production in the future when monitoring objectives were met. Obtaining pressure data with dozens of permanent gauges is expensive, but we are convinced that given the significant impact on estimating gas in place, recoverable gas, drainage area and ultimately well spacing, it is cost effective.
Drugs That May Cause or Exacerbate Heart Failure (2016)

Heart failure is a common, costly, and debilitating syndrome that is associated with a highly complex drug regimen, a large number of comorbidities, and a large and often disparate number of healthcare providers. All of these factors conspire to increase the risk of heart failure exacerbation by direct myocardial toxicity, drug-drug interactions, or both. This scientific statement is designed to serve as a comprehensive and accessible source of drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure to assist healthcare providers in improving the quality of care for these patients.
Purification and characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNase I (1990)

The endoribonuclease, RNase I, was purified from the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Based on PAGE, it has molecular mass of approximately 27 kDa with a migration rate indistinguishable from that of the recently reported RNase M from E. coli. The amino acid sequence of the two enzymes must be very similar based on two-dimensional mapping of their tryptic peptides and suggests either a post-transcriptional modification to yield different proteins from the same gene or evolution of two genes by gene duplication. However, while RNase I could degrade each of the four ribonucleotide homopolymers, only poly(U) or poly(C) were good substrates for RNase M with possibly some hydrolysis of poly(A). The reaction rate for poly(C) hydrolysis with RNase M was about ten times faster than for poly(U), while for RNase I the rates were about equal. Besides differences in specificity, RNase M was only located in the spheroplasts while RNase I found in the periplasm of growing cells. In terms of function, RNase I is known to cause degradation of rRNA during periods of stress or non-growth, whereas it has been proposed that RNase M is the endonuclease for mRNA degradation in growing cells.
Real world feasibility of interference alignment using MIMO-OFDM channel measurements (2009)

Interference alignment (IA) has been shown to achieve linear sum capacity growth, at high SNR, with the number of users in the interference channel by cooperatively precoding transmitted signals to align interference subspaces at the receivers. The theory of IA was derived under assumptions about the richness of the propagation channel; practical channels do not guarantee such ideal decorrelation. This paper presents the first experimental study of IA in measured interference channel and shows that IA achieves the claimed scaling factors in a variety of measured channel settings for a 3 user, 2 antennas per node setup.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Cell Fusion and Heterokaryon Formation in Filamentous Fungi (2017)

For the majority of fungal species, the somatic body of an individual is a network of interconnected cells sharing a common cytoplasm and organelles. This syncytial organization contributes to an efficient distribution of resources, energy, and biochemical signals. Cell fusion is a fundamental process for fungal development, colony establishment, and habitat exploitation and can occur between hyphal cells of an individual colony or between colonies of genetically distinct individuals. One outcome of cell fusion is the establishment of a stable heterokaryon, culminating in benefits for each individual via shared resources or being of critical importance for the sexual or parasexual cycle of many fungal species. However, a second outcome of cell fusion between genetically distinct strains is formation of unstable heterokaryons and the induction of a programmed cell death reaction in the heterokaryotic cells. This reaction of nonself rejection, which is termed heterokaryon (or vegetative) incompatibility, is widespread in the fungal kingdom and acts as a defense mechanism against genome exploitation and mycoparasitism. Here, we review the currently identified molecular players involved in the process of somatic cell fusion and its regulation in filamentous fungi. Thereafter, we summarize the knowledge of the molecular determinants and mechanism of heterokaryon incompatibility and place this phenomenon in the broader context of biotropic interactions and immunity.
Development of a multi-spectral imaging system for optical diagnosis of malignant tissues (2005)

A multi-spectral imaging system is presented consisting of a spatially and spectrally uniform light source, an electronically tuneable bandpass filter and a sensitive digital camera. When properly calibrated with a white reference, it can reproducibly grab the reflection spectrum of any accessible tissue surface. After a description of technical challenges, some examples are given for the application in dermatology.
Solid‐Phase Organic Tagging Resins for Labeling Biomolecules by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: Application to the Synthesis of a Fluorescent Non‐Peptidic Vasopressin Receptor Ligand (2008)

Two novel solid-phase organic tagging (SPOrT) resins were synthesized to facilitate the labeling of peptides and small organic compounds with a fluorescent probe. Both resins were obtained from the commercially available backbone amide linker (BAL) resin. Following the solid-phase synthesis of model compounds, a tripeptide and benzazepine, the fluorescent probe derived from Lissamine Rhodamine B was incorporated through CuI-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Final cleavage in acidic media enabled access to both types of molecules in good yield with high purity. The SPOrT resin was successfully applied to the preparation of the first non-peptidic fluorescent compound with a nanomolar affinity for the human vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) subtype. This molecule will find application in binding assays that use polarization or fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) techniques. The SPOrT resins are also well suited for other tags and the parallel synthesis of a fluorescently tagged library for protein screening.
Effect of the EndoBarrier Gastrointestinal Liner on obesity and type 2 diabetes: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies (2013)

PROSPERO CRD42013004819.