gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer and NSAID use: a meta-analysis (2001)

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of several cancers including breast cancer. This meta-analysis examined the studies on NSAID use and breast cancer. The estimators of relative risk and associated variances, which have been adjusted for the greatest number of confounders, were abstracted and included in the meta-analysis. Combined estimators of relative risk (RR) were calculated using either fixed or random effect models. Meta-analyses were performed on 6 cohort studies (number of cases ranged from 14 to 2414) and 8 case-control studies (number of cases ranged from 252 to 5882). The combined estimate of relative risk was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.89). The combined estimate for cohort studies was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.62-0.99) and was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84-0.91) for case-control studies. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that NSAID use may be associated with a small decrease in the risk of breast cancer. However, the available data are insufficient to estimate the dose-response effect for duration and frequency of use of any particular types of NSAID.
Ideal Time–Frequency Masking Algorithms Lead to Different Speech Intelligibility and Quality in Normal-Hearing and Cochlear Implant Listeners (2014)

Hearing impaired listeners using cochlear implants (CIs) suffer from a decrease in speech intelligibility (SI) in adverse listening conditions. Time-frequency masks are often applied to perform noise suppression in an attempt to increase SI. Two important masks are the so-called ideal binary mask (IBM) with its binary weights and the ideal Wiener filter (IWF) with its continuous weights. It is unclear which of the masks has the highest potential for SI and speech quality enhancement in CI users. In this study, both approaches for SI and quality enhancement were compared. The investigations were conducted in normal-hearing (NH) subjects listening to noise vocoder CI simulations and in CI users. The potential for SI improvement was assessed in a sentence recognition task with ideal mask estimates in multitalker babble and with an interfering talker. The robustness of the approaches was evaluated with simulated estimation errors. CI users assessed the speech quality in a preference rating. The IWF outperformed the IBM in NH listeners. In contrast, no significant difference was obtained in CI users. Estimation errors degraded SI in CI users for both approaches. In terms of quality, the IWF outperformed, slightly, the IBM processed signals. The outcomes of this study suggest that the mask pattern is not that crucial for CIs. Results of speech enhancement algorithms obtained with NH subjects listening to vocoded or normally processed stimuli do not translate to CI users. This outcome means that the effect of new strategies has to be quantified with the user group considered.
Insect Infection Model for<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>Reveals That<i>O</i>‐methyl Phosphoramidate Has Insecticidal Activity (2010)

Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae have elsewhere been shown to be susceptible to pathogens such as Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We report that the larvae are rapidly killed by Campylobacter jejuni at 37C. Three strains of C. jejuni tested, 11168H (human diarrheal isolate), G1 (human Guillain-Barré syndrome isolate), and 81-176 (human diarrheal isolate), were equally effective at killing G. mellonella larvae. A panel of defined mutants of C. jejuni 11168H, in known or putative virulence genes, showed different degrees of attenuation in G. mellonella larvae. A mutant lacking the O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) capsule side group was attenuated, clearly demonstrating that MeOPN has a role in virulence. This new model of C. jejuni infection should facilitate the identification of novel virulence genes.
Micromagnetic study of magnetic configurations in submicron permalloy disks (2003)

We report a finite-element study of magnetic configurations in submicron permalloy disks using micromagnetics principles. Depending on the disk size, many (meta)stable magnetic states such as normal and twisted onion, in-plane vortex, and various buckle states are observed. A diagram is constructed to bring out the dependence of the different remanent states on the disk diameter and thickness. It shows that the disk thickness is the decisive factor in determining whether a vortex state is energetically more favorable than an onion state, and that the disk diameter determines whether some in-plane buckling can be sustainable.
Exploiting the "toothpick effect" of the Cytobrush by plastic embedding of cervical samples. (1991)

The introduction of the combined spatula-Cytobrush sampling method has increased the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cytology. However, the smears from a small number of cases contained epithelial fragments dislodged by the "toothpick effect" of the Cytobrush. Due to their thickness, these epithelial fragments in the smears are very difficult (if not impossible) to scrutinize and are thus undiagnosable. The presence of only such fragments in smears led to false-negative diagnoses in two cases of invasive carcinoma. To solve this problem, these epithelial fragments were embedded in plastic, with thin sections prepared from the blocks. This paper presents the morphologic features and diagnostic accuracy of 77 such problem cases (found among 50,000 cases with spatula-Cytobrush smears) to which this method was applied. In almost all cases, the diagnosis on the plastic-embedded sections matched the diagnosis on the colposcopically directed biopsy. Of these 77 patients, the biopsy diagnosis showed 5 severe dysplasias, 6 carcinomas in situ, 1 squamous-cell carcinoma, 2 adenocarcinomas in situ and 2 adenocarcinomas. In addition, data are presented concerning the nuclear-size and shape-factor differences in smears versus plastic-embedded sections, and the stereologic consequences of smearing and cutting these epithelial fragments are discussed. These plastic-embedded sections are well suited for use in quantitative microscopy, as well as for diagnostic purposes.
Das Zweiphasengebiet und die kritische Kurve im System Kohlendioxid–Wasser bis zu Drucken von 3500 bar (1963)

Article Das Zweiphasengebiet und die kritische Kurve im System Kohlendioxid–Wasser bis zu Drucken von 3500 bar was published on June 1, 1963 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 37, issue 5_6).
Coherent addition of high power laser diode array with a V-shape external Talbot cavity (2008)

We designed a V-shape external Talbot cavity for a broad-area laser diode array and demonstrated coherent laser beam combining at high power with narrow spectral linewidth. The V-shape external Talbot cavity provides good mode-discrimination and does not require a spatial filter. A multi-lobe far-field profile generated by a low filling-factor phase-locked array is confirmed by our numerical simulation.
Hyaluronidase and sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery. (1986)

The use of sodium hyaluronate in cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation is often followed by a postoperative rise of intraocular pressure. A trial is described in which 10 patients underwent bilateral cataract extraction and Binkhorst intraocular lens implantation with the use of sodium hyaluronate. The enzyme hyaluronidase was instilled into the anterior chamber of the right eye only, to aid removal of sodium hyaluronate, and resulted in a statistically significant lowering of postoperative intraocular pressure in right eyes compared with left. Other uses of the enzyme are discussed.
Red blood cell aggregation, aggregate strength and oxygen transport potential of blood are abnormal in both homozygous sickle cell anemia and sickle-hemoglobin C disease (2009)

The low HVR levels found in sickle cell anemia and SCC indicates a comparable low oxygen transport potential of blood in both genotypes. Red blood cell aggregation properties are likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease: the increased shear forces needed to disperse red blood cell aggregates may disturb blood flow, especially at the microcirculatory level, since red blood cell are only able to pass through narrow capillaries as single cells rather than as aggregates.
Kernel Hebbian Algorithm for Iterative Kernel Principal Component Analysis (2003)

A new method for performing a kernel principal component analysis is proposed. By kernelizing the generalized Hebbian algorithm, one can iteratively estimate the principal components in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with only linear order memory complexity. The derivation of the method and preliminary applications in image hyperresolution are presented. In addition, we discuss the extension of the method to the online learning of kernel principal components.
Fire Smoke Detection in Video Images Using Kalman Filter and Gaussian Mixture Color Model (2010)

Fire smoke detections are crucial for forest resource protections and public security in surveillance systems. A novel approach for smoke detections with combined Kalman filter and a Gaussian color model is proposed in the paper in open areas. Moving objects are firstly generated by image subtractions from adaptive background of a scene through Kalman filter and MHI(Moving History Image) analysis. Then a Gaussian color model, trained from samples offline by an EM algorithm, is performed to detect candidate fire smoke regions. Final validation is carried out by temporal analysis of dynamic features of suspected smoke areas where higher frequency energies in wavelet domains and color blending coefficients are utilized as smoke features. Experimental results show the proposed method is capable of detecting fire smoke reliably.
Analysis of rapid degradation in high-power (AlGa)As laser diodes (1990)

A multitemperature accelerated life test conducted to determine the lifetime and reliability of semiconductor lasers for long-term space applications is discussed. The primary cause of failure during two of these life tests (heat sink temperatures of -20 degrees C and 50 degrees C, respectively) was identified as carbon contamination on the front facet resulting in an initially rapid but saturable decrease in output power. The carbon contamination on the facet was the sole cause of the decrease in power for most of the laser diodes from the -20 degrees C test. Removing the sources of carbon from the laser diodes eliminated the front facet degradation, and this resulted in increased laser diode lifetime in subsequent life tests. The index of refraction and the absorption coefficient of the contamination found on the laser diodes from the -20 degrees C test were calculated. the resulting values compared favorably with those reported by other researchers for amorphous hydrogenated carbon.
Protection of wood using oxy-aluminum compounds (2006)

The dimensional stability of wood and its resistance to decay and fire can be improved by depositing inorganic materials in the wood matrix and forming wood-inorganic composites. In this paper, four novel wood-inorganic (aluminum) composites were developed. The composites are referred to according to the oxy-aluminum compound deposited in the wood: sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium aluminate, and aluminum borate. The aim of the research was to assess whether the dimensional stability and resistance of the oxy-aluminum composites to microbial attack and fire was comparable to that of wood treated with a hydrophobic chromated copper arsenate preservative (CCA-wax). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the oxy-aluminum composites suggested some modification of the wood matrix, especially for the sodium aluminate or aluminum hydroxide treatments. Magnesium aluminate-treated samples had the highest weight gain (28.1%) and anti-swelling efficiency (105.4%). The sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, and aluminum borate treatments had lower anti-swelling efficiencies of 70.8, 68.9, and 55.0 percent, respectively. The anti-swelling efficiency of the magnesium aluminate-treated wood decreased significantly to 58.6 percent after a severe leaching procedure. The anti-swelling efficiencies of the other treatments, however, particularly the aluminum borate treatment, were less affected by leaching, and the dimensional stability of the composites after leaching exceeded that of unleached CCA-wax-treated wood. The weight losses of the wood-inorganic composites after 30 weeks of exposure in soil varied from 2.4 percent (aluminum hydroxide) to 4.9 percent (magnesium aluminate) compared to 36.6 percent for untreated controls. None of the treatments, however, were as effective as CCA-wax at preventing decay. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis indicated that the oxy-aluminum composites had enhanced resistance to thermal degradation, in contrast to CCA-treated wood which showed no such resistance. Further research on a larger scale is needed to optimize and further evaluate the oxy-aluminum composites including their mechanical properties and effects on fixings.
Transsphenoidal Microsurgery for Cushing’s Disease: Initial Outcome and Long-Term Results (2004)

Untreated Cushing's disease and the resultant chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to severe metabolic disturbances, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis. Although transsphenoidal resection has become the standard of care for Cushing's disease with high initial success rates, little information is available on the long-term morbidity and mortality of patients in remission compared with patients with recurrent or persistent Cushing's disease after such treatment. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of 289 patients with Cushing's disease who underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery for an ACTH-secreting adenoma at a tertiary care center exclusively by one surgeon (C.B.W.). Postoperative remission was achieved in 82% (n = 236) of patients, with best initial remission rates observed in patients with grade I (86%) and II (83%) or stage 0 (88%), A (94%), and B (100%) tumors. Male gender, larger tumor size, and higher stage predicted poorer initial outcome. Long-term follow-up was obtained on 178 patients, with a median follow-up time of 11.1 yr (range, 0.6-24.1 yr). Thirteen of 150 (9%) of patients in initial remission developed recurrent disease, and 12 patients underwent additional treatment. At last follow-up, only two of these patients had active disease. However, of the 28 patients with initial persistent disease who had follow-up greater than 6 months, 10 patients continued to have active disease at last follow-up. Although overall survival rates in patients with initial remission did not differ significantly from expected compared with the general population based on age and sex distribution, patients with initial persistent disease had a significant increase in mortality compared with the expected mortality. Thus, successful treatment of Cushing's disease is associated with normal long-term survival. These results suggest that patients with persistent Cushing's disease require early and aggressive intervention to attempt to prevent this excess mortality.
A second-order joint eisner model for syntactic and semantic dependency parsing (2009)

We present a system developed for the CoNLL-2009 Shared Task (Hajič et al., 2009). We extend the Carreras (2007) parser to jointly annotate syntactic and semantic dependencies. This state-of-the-art parser factorizes the built tree in second-order factors. We include semantic dependencies in the factors and extend their score function to combine syntactic and semantic scores. The parser is coupled with an on-line averaged perceptron (Collins, 2002) as the learning method. Our averaged results for all seven languages are 71.49 macro F1, 79.11 LAS and 63.06 semantic F1.
Membrane Permeabilization Mechanisms of a Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptide, Tachyplesin I, and Its Linear Analog (1997)

Tachyplesin I (T-SS), an antimicrobial peptide from Tachypleus tridentatus, has a cyclic antiparallel beta-sheet structure maintained by two disulfide bridges. The peptide effectively permeabilizes both bacterial and artificial lipid membranes. T-Acm, a linear analog peptide with the four SH groups protected by acetamidomethyl groups, exhibits a much weaker membrane-permeabilizing activity in spite of a greater disruption of the lipid organization [Matsuzaki, K., Nakayama, M., Fukui, M., Otaka, A., Funakoshi, S., Fujii, N., Bessho, K., & Miyajima, K. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 11704-11710]. To clarify the efficient permeabilization mechanism of T-SS, we studied the interactions of both peptides with liposomes and planar lipid bilayers. The cyclic peptide capable of spanning the bilayer (ca. 3 nm length) was found to form an anion-selective pore and translocate across the bilayer coupled with the pore formation. A cis-negative transmembrane potential facilitated the pore formation compared with the cis-positive potential. In contrast, the linear peptide failed to translocate. Instead, it impaired the membrane barrier by disrupting the lipid organization with morphological changes in the vesicles.
A Rare Case of Liver Metastasis in Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina (2009)

A 46-year-old multiparous lady, who underwent a subtotal hysterectomy for an adherent placenta during her last childbirth 6 years ago, presented with mass and bleeding per vaginum of 2 months' duration. Her general condition was good and her gynecologic examination revealed a blackish pedunculated mass of 4 × 5 cm arising from the lower one third of the posterior vaginal wall. A provisional clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the vagina was made. An ultrasonography of the abdomen showed three secondary deposits in the liver without any para-aortic nodal involvement, which was confirmed by computed tomography. Wide local excision of the mass that was carried out was reported as malignant melanoma of the vagina with the involvement of deep resected margins. She was advised to take 6 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, carmustin, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen. She received 2 cycles of chemotherapy and defaulted. An enquiry for follow-up revealed her sudden demise approximately 3 weeks after the second cycle of chemotherapy. (J GYNECOL SURG 25:29)
Transformation of Isopropylamine to <scp>l</scp> -Alaninol by <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain KIE171 Involves <i>N</i> -Glutamylated Intermediates (2002)

Pseudomonas sp. strain KIE171 was able to grow with isopropylamine or L-alaninol [S-(+)-2-amino-1-propanol] as the sole carbon source, but not with D-alaninol. To investigate the hypothesis that L-alaninol is an intermediate in the degradation of isopropylamine, two mini-Tn5 mutants unable to utilize both isopropylamine and L-alaninol were isolated. Whereas mutant KIE171-BI transformed isopropylamine to L-alaninol, mutant KIE171-BII failed to do so. The two genes containing a transposon insertion were cloned, and the DNA regions flanking the insertions were sequenced. Two clusters, one comprising eight ipu (isopropylamine utilization) genes (ipuABCDEFGH) and the other encompassing two genes (ipuI and orf259), were identified. Comparisons of sequences of the deduced Ipu proteins and those in the database suggested that isopropylamine is transported into the cytoplasm by a putative permease, IpuG. The next step, the formation of gamma-glutamyl-isopropylamide from isopropylamine, ATP, and L-glutamate, was shown to be catalyzed by IpuC, a gamma-glutamylamide synthetase. gamma-Glutamyl-isopropylamide is then subjected to stereospecific monooxygenation by the hypothetical four-component system IpuABDE, thereby yielding gamma-glutamyl-L-alaninol [gamma(L-glutamyl)-L-hydroxy-isopropylamide]. Enzymatic hydrolysis by a hydrolase, IpuF, was shown to finally liberate L-alaninol and to regenerate L-glutamate. No gene(s) encoding an enzyme for the next step in the degradation of isopropylamine was found in the ipu clusters. Presumably, L-alaninol is oxidized by an alcohol dehydrogenase to yield L-2-aminopropionaldehyde or it is deaminated by an ammonia lyase to propionaldehyde. Genetic evidence indicated that the aldehyde formed is then further oxidized by the hypothetical aldehyde dehydrogenases IpuI and IpuH to either L-alanine or propionic acid, compounds which can be processed by reactions of the intermediary metabolism.
Study of environmental issues with ALOS PALSAR data (2003)

The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) will carry three advanced sensors for addressing many environmental issues, such as vegetation change, water resource management, disaster and earthquake mitigation, and cryosphere monitoring, in a broad range of earth science disciplines. PALSAR has many unique features in its L-band, multi-imaging mode (high-resolution, ScanSAR, and polarimetric), varying incident angles, and multi-polarization, compared to other SAR satellites operating in the orbit now or in the past. In our research proposal for ALOS research announcement, we focus on the use of PALSAR data in flood management and surface change monitoring for the Yangtze River, detection of surface subsidence in oil field, monitoring of coastal expansion and land cover changes in the Yellow River estuary, and study for surface deformation related to potential volcanic activities, palaeo-environment evolution, and snow and ice etc. Although the launch of ALOS in 2003 makes us unable to give a report of research result with ALOS data, we will present our research plan and expectation with PALSAR and other sensor data, and give some results of our study using other SAR data in relation to the issues being addressed in our research with ALOS data.
Experimental Obstructive Hydronephrosis in Newborn Rats. V. Long-Term Effects on Renal Tissue Solute Content (1985)

Partial obstruction of 1 ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed renal pelvis was found to be about 6 times enlarged and the weight of the kidney was 85 per cent of the contralateral intact one. Despite considerable distortion of the inner medulla on the obstructed side, no loss of weight in this region was observed. The only changes observed with respect to tissue concentrations--which were significantly due to the obstruction--were increases in urea in the cortex (110 per cent) and in potassium in the inner medulla (21 per cent); thus, the changes were few and, in part, moderate. The findings are compared with previous observations of solute excretions and the pathophysiological implications are discussed. The conclusion is that although the inner medulla was considerably distorted, the solute content was far from being affected to a corresponding degree--at least not in this experimental preparation.
A 7ns/350mW 64K ECL compatible RAM (1987)

A 64K×1 ECL RAM using 1.3μm bipolar-CMOS technology including bipolar transistor with a 7GHz cutoff frequency will be presented. Variable impedance and equalizing circuitry permit 7ns access time. Power dissipation is 350mW.