gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater (2004)

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH3 volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh-pond-marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH3-N m(-2) h(-1). Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH3 volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1), NH3 volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH3 volatilization was the dominant (54-79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Without the pond sections, NH3 volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH3 volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh-pond-marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations.
Nucleolar stress and impaired stress granule formation contribute to C9orf72 RAN translation-induced cytotoxicity (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two common neurodegenerative diseases that have been associated with the GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeat RNA expansion in a noncoding region of C9orf72. It has been previously reported that unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of GGGGCC·GGCCCC repeats produces five types of dipeptide-repeat proteins (referred to as RAN proteins): poly-glycine-alanine (GA), poly-glycine-proline (GP), poly-glycine-arginine (GR), poly-proline-arginine (PR) and poly-proline-alanine (PA). Although protein aggregates of RAN proteins have been found in patients, it is unclear whether RAN protein aggregation induces neurotoxicity. In the present study, we aimed to understand the biological properties of all five types of RAN proteins. Surprisingly, our results showed that none of these RAN proteins was aggregate-prone in our cellular model and that the turnover of these RAN proteins was not affected by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy. Moreover, poly-GR and poly-PR, but not poly-GA, poly-GP or poly-PA, localized to the nucleolus and induced the translocation of the key nucleolar component nucleophosmin, leading to nucleolar stress and cell death. This poly-GR- and poly-PR-mediated defect in nucleolar function was associated with the suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the impairment of stress granule formation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest a simple model of the molecular mechanisms underlying RAN translation-mediated cytotoxicity in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD in which nucleolar stress, but not protein aggregation, is the primary contributor to C9orf72-linked neurodegeneration.
Introduction to Chromatography (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Brief History Definitions and Classsifications Summary
Alkylation of Benzene and Homologs with Methylcyclohexenes<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of Benzene and Homologs with Methylcyclohexenes1B. S. Friedman, F. L. Morritz, and C. J. MorrisseyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 6, 1465–1468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01563a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01563a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES OF HOT-PRESSED URANIUM MONONITRIDE (1963)

Dense UN specimens for property tests were fabricated primarily by an isostatic hot-pressing technique in which consolidated powder sealed in a refractory metal container was subjected to a 10,000-psi external gas pressure at 1480 to 1540 deg C for 3 to 4 hr. The thermal conductivity of uranium mononitride increased from 0.04 cal/(cm)(sec)( deg C) at 200 deg C to 0.06 cal/ (sec)(cm/sup 2/)( deg C) at 1000 deg C, which by an integrated thermal- conductivity criterion, makes it some eight times more effective than UO/sub 2/ in transferring heat. Thermal-expansion coefficients of 9.0 x 10/sup -6/ per deg C and 9.9 x 10/sup -6/per deg C over the ranges 20 to 800 deg C and 20 to 1600 deg C, respectively, were measured. UN retained about 80% of its room- temperature hardness at 1100 deg C. Above this temperature, the hardness dropped rapidly with increasing temperature. The specific heat is cal per g mole can be conveniently described by the equition C = 13.32 + 1.19 x 10/sup -3/ T --2.10 x 10/sup 5/ T/sup -2/ over the range 273 to 142 3 deg K. Electrical conductivity dropped with increasing temperature a metallic characteristic. Anomalies were noted in attempts to measure the hydiogen solubility and the resistance to water corrosion. UN is apparently not attacked by NaK within 1500 hr at temperatures up to 480 deg C. (auth)
Clinical impact of a new automated system employed for peripheral blood stem cell collection (2006)

At the moment, PBSC collections can be performed using semi-automated or automated cell separator devices. The automated methods offer the advantages of a decreased working load for dedicated personnel and high standardization of the collection procedure. Herein we report our single institutional experience in 80 PBSC collections employing the new automated COM.TEC Fresenius autoMNC program that provides the ability to predict the total number of CD34(+) cells collected, based on the pre-leukapheresis CD34(+) cell count in peripheral blood. Fourty-eight patients and 21 healthy donors were mobilized with chemotherapy + G-CSF or G-CSF alone, respectively. Eighty leukapheresis collections were performed starting with a CD34(+) cell count in peripheral blood at least of 20/microL. Collection parameters and related side effects were evaluated. The mean CD34(+) cell collection efficiency in patients and donors was 81.8% (sd 27.6) and 95.1% (sd 15.6), respectively. The mean difference between real and predicted CD34(+) cells was +30.2% (sd 92.9) for patients and +4.6% (sd 30.3) for donors. The mean leukapheresis bag volume was 240.7 ml (sd 67.3) and 310.3 ml (sd 86.8) with a mean HCT of 10.9% (sd 34.4) and 9.2% (sd 3.9) for patients and donors, respectively. The automated PBSC collection with the new program COM.TEC Fresenius autoMNC demonstrated a very high CD34(+) cell collection efficiency. Moreover, the ability to predict the CD34(+) cell yield permits improved management of the leukapheresis collection, with the only disadvantage of larger leukapheresis volume and higher hematocrit.
Highly Selective Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. II. Optimization of the Aryl Part of 3-(Arylmethyl)-2,4,5-trioxoimidazolidine-1-acetic Acids. (1997)

Accumulation of intracellular sorbitol, the product of glucose reduction catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) [EC 1.1.1.21], is thought to be the main culprit in the development of diabetic complications. A series of 3-arylalkyl-2,4,5-trioxoimidazolidine-1-acetic acids was prepared and tested for inhibitory activities towards AR and aldehyde reductase (ALR) [EC 1.1.1.2]. These derivatives showed strong inhibitory activity against AR without markedly inhibiting ALR. In particular, the compounds with 3-nitrophenyl, 4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl, and chloro-substituted benzothiazolyl groups as the aryl part showed powerful AR-inhibitory activity. The chloro-substituted benzothiazolyl compound showed an AR selectivity of more than 5,000 fold.
Molecular Dynamics Study for Experimental Design Guideline of Dimeric Anthracene-based Mechanophore in the Thermoset Polymer Matrix (2016)

This paper presents a molecular level trade-off analysis on mechanophore embedded thermoset polymer matrix between its self-sensing capability and critical mechanical properties affecting performance. Dimeric 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (Di-AC), a mechanophore, was synthesized in epoxy polymer, and with the application of mechanical load, fluorescence was observed under ultraviolet (UV) excitation prior to the yield point. Experimental results, conducted with 5% Di-AC weight fraction, showed successful early damage detection capability; however, it was also observed that the inclusion of Di-AC reduced the material yield strength. To mimic this experimentally observed phenomenon and understand the complex mechanochemistry of this novel material, the molecular dynamic (MD) methodology simulates mechanophore synthesis, epoxy curing, and the mechanical loading test. Mechanophore sensitivity is investigated with different Di-AC weight fractions and the corresponding effects on the yield strength are analyzed. An initial degradation and subsequent recovery in yield strength over a certain range of weight fraction is observed. The possibility of early damage detection capability using higher Di-AC weight fractions is also investigated. Results indicate that the sensitivity to external stress is an inherent mechanophore property and is independent of the weight fraction. However, visible fluorescence (intensity), which is essential to damage detection, is highly dependent on the amount of Di-AC in the polymer.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON NATURAL PLANT EXTRACTS AS SUNSCREEN AGENTS (1998)

The aim of this study is to evaluate several plant extracts with a view to developing UV sunscreen agents. In this study, 150 plant extracts were screened to elucidate their UV spectra using spectrophotometric method. Several plant extracts such as Phellodendron amurense, Morus alba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Brassica alba have strong absorbency at UVA region (350nm), the suntanning wavelength. And Sophora flavescens, Caesalpinia sapper, Morus alba, Phellodendron amurense, showed absorption plateau value at UVB region (308nm), the erythema action wavelength. These extracts have a good absorbency property as synthetic filter and could be served as substitutes for synthetic UV sunscreen agents.
MOF-derived, N-doped, hierarchically porous carbon sponges as immobilizers to confine selenium as cathodes for Li–Se batteries with superior storage capacity and perfect cycling stability (2015)

Nitrogen-doped carbon sponges (NCS) composed of hierarchical microporous carbon layers are derived from metal organic frameworks (MOFs) via carbonization at high temperatures under Ar and NH3 flow. Se is impregnated into 0.4-0.55 nm micropores by melting-diffusion and infiltration methods. The confinement of Se within small-sized micropores of NCS efficiently prevents Se loss, and mesopores between carbon layers absorb a sufficient amount of electrolyte, as well as serve as cushion spaces for large volume changes during delithiation-lithiation processes. Nitrogen doping improves the electrical conductivity of carbon matrix and facilitates rapid charge transfer, making the carbon sponge a highway for charges involved in redox reactions. When serving as cathode materials for Li-Se batteries, the NCS/Se-50 composite with 50 wt% Se exhibits excellent cycling stability, superior rate capability and high coulombic efficiency. The cathode can exhibit 443.2 mA h g(-1) at the 200(th) cycle with a coulombic efficiency of up to 99.9% at 0.5C (C = 675 mA h g(-1)), which leads to 0.031% capacity loss per cycle from 5(th) to 200(th) cycles. Even at a high rate of 5C, it can still retain 286.6 mA h g(-1). The unique, large surface rod-like MOF-derived, N-doped carbon sponges with hierarchical porosity could be potential candidates in the related energy-storage systems.
Hydroformylation of 1,2- and 1,4-polybutadiene and their mixtures with hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) catalyst and excess triphenylphosphine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroformylation of 1,2- and 1,4-polybutadiene and their mixtures with hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) catalyst and excess triphenylphosphineSamuel J. Tremont, Edward E. Remsen, and Patrick L. MillsCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 7, 1984–1993Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00209a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00209a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Oil Production Owing to Sand Flow in Conventional and Heavy-Oil Reservoirs (2001)

Summary A coupled reservoir-geomechanics model is developed to simulate the enhanced production phenomena in both heavy-oil reservoirs (northwestern Canada) and conventional oil reservoirs (i.e., North Sea). The model is developed and implemented numerically by fully coupling an extended geomechanics model to a two-phase reservoir flow model. Both the enhanced production and the ranges of the enhanced zone are calculated, and the effects of solid production on oil recovery are analyzed. Field data for solid production and enhanced oil production, collected from about 40 wells in the Frog Lake area (Lloydminster, Canada), are used to validate the model for the cumulative sand and oil production. Our studies indicate that the enhanced oil production is mainly contributed (1) by the reservoir porosity and permeability improvement after a large amount of sand is produced, (2) by higher mobility of the fluid caused by the movement of the sand particles, and (3) by foamy oil flow. A relative permeability reduction after a certain period of production may result in a pressure-gradient increase, which can promote further sand flow. This process can further improve the absolute permeability and the overall sand/fluid slurry production. Our numerical results simulate the fact that sand production can reach up to 40% of total fluid production at the early production period and decline to a minimum level after the peak, generating a high-mobility zone with a negative skin near the wellbore. Such an improvement reduces the near-well pressure gradient so that the sanding potential is weakened, and it permits an easier path for the viscous oil to flow into the well. Our studies also suggest that the residual formation cement is a key factor for controlling the cumulative sand production, a crucial factor that determines the success of a cold production operation and improved well completion.
Additive Effect and Scale-up in Selective Crystallization of Sodium Cefazolin Polymorphs. (1992)

充填性や流動性の良い粉体特性を有したセファゾリンナトリウム (化学式 : C14H13NaN8O4S3) の多形β形結晶を晶析することを目的として実験条件の検討を行った.その結果, 物理的, 化学的に安定なβ形の結晶を取得するためには, 水-ソルミックス (EtOH-IPA-アセトンの混合溶媒のことで, 各々の比は85%, 5%, 10%) 混合溶媒系で晶析温度の違いによる結晶の溶解度差を利用した晶析法が有効であることを見いだした.また, セファゾリンナトリウムに構造が類似したジアミノモノカルボン酸構造を有した化合物, またはL-リジン, L-アルギニンのようなアミノ酸を微量添加することによって, 板状結晶から針状晶が凝集した球形の凝集結晶に晶癖を調整する方法が確立できた.本晶析法によって医薬品のバイアル充填, カプセル充填に好適な結晶を得ることができた.さらに, 浮遊撹絆動力比Z因子をパラメータとして用いることによって, 粒径と粒径分布制御およびスケールアップが可能なことを明らかにした.
Construction of a Dual Beam Heated Infrared Cell (1953)

The construction of a heated dual beam infrared gas cell for a Perkin-Elmer Model 21 spectrophotometer is described. The cell windows of sodium chloride are sealed to the cell by means of silicone stopcock grease. This seal has been found to be satisfactory up to a temperature of 350°C.
Materializing research promises: opportunities, priorities and conflicts in translational medicine (2004)

There is considerable evidence that the translation rate of major basic science promises to clinical applications has been inefficient and disappointing. The deficiencies of translational science have often been proposed as an explanation for this failure. An alternative explanation is that until recently basic science advances have made oversimplified assumptions that have not matched the true etiological complexity of most common diseases; while clinical science has suffered from poor research practices, overt biases and conflicts of interest. The advent of molecular medicine and the recasting of clinical science along the principles of evidence-based medicine provide a better environment where translational research may now materialize its goals. At the same time, priority issues need to be addressed in order to exploit the new opportunities. Translational research should focus on diseases with global impact, if true progress is to be made against human suffering. The health outcomes of interest for translational efforts need to be carefully defined and a balance must be struck between the subjective needs of healthcare consumers and objective health outcomes. Development of more simple, practical and safer interventions may be as important a target for translational research as the development of cures for diseases where no effective interventions are available at all. Moreover, while the role of the industry is catalytic in translating research advances to licensed interventions, academic independence needs to be sustained and strengthened at a global level. Conflicts of interest may stifle translational research efforts internationally. The profit motive is unlikely to be sufficient alone to advance biomedical research towards genuine progress.
ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY AND FUSION (1969)

1. A series of 154 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been studied. A detailed analysis of the first eighty-four patients who have been observed for periods of from one to eight and a half years is described. In sixty-eight patients the fusion was done with a keystone type of graft, in seventeen by a dowel (Cloward) graft. 2. Despite a preponderance of multiple level fusions in the keystone series, clinically better results (80·8 per cent excellent or good) were found in this group than in the dowel group (64·8 per cent excellent or good). 3. A biomechanical study has indicated the keystone graft to be more stable than a dowel graft under flexion and extension strains as well as lateral bending strain. The graft is more stable the closer it is to the line of "zero velocity." 4. The three cases of non-union all occurred in the dowel group. The high incidence of fusion with the keystone technique is considered to be related to the type of graft, its method of seating, its depth of penetration, its larger surface area and the fact that raw cancellous bone of the adjacent vertebral bodies is in contact with the graft above and below.
A Method for Changing Sound-Image Position Using the Linear Loudspeaker Array and Two-Dimensional FIR Digital Filter (2002)

In this paper, the problem of sound-image control is considered as that of wave front shape of the acoustic beam radiated from a speaker array. A method is proposed for realizing the sound-image control in an acoustic beam by providing the necessary delay characteristics to a two-dimensional FIR filter as the group delay. The filter design is carried out by means of a two-dimensional Fourier series approximation in which the fan-shaped passband amplitude is specified for formation of the radiation pattern in addition to the required group delay. It is found that the degree of approximation in the filter design can be improved substantially by making the radius of the circle set for modification infinite. Further, the center of the circle forms a focal point as in an optical system and this point becomes a virtual sound source and hence the position of the sound image. The wave is expanding in a manner of concentric circles from this point. The width of the acoustic beam generated from this sound image is determined by the spread of the speaker array and the position of the sound image. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(4): 20–31, 2002
THE EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY OF THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION (1946)

Journal Article The Expanding Opportunity of the Science of Nutrition Get access Henry C. Sherman Henry C. Sherman Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nutrition Reviews, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 1946, Pages 225–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1946.tb08862.x Published: 01 August 1946
Astrocytes produce interferon that enhances the expression of H-2 antigens on a subpopulation of brain cells. (1986)

Using primary culture methods, we show that purified astrocytes from embryonic mouse or rat central nervous system (CNS) can be induced to produce interferon (IFN) activity when pretreated with a standard IFN-superinducing regimen of polyribonucleotide, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D, whereas IFN activity was not inducible in neuronal cultures derived from mouse CNS. Astrocyte IFN displays inductive, kinetic, physicochemical, and antigenic properties similar to those of IFN-alpha/beta, but is dissimilar to lymphocyte IFN (IFN-gamma). Treatment of pure astrocytic cultures or astrocytes cultured with neurons with astrocyte IFN or IFN-alpha/beta induced a dramatic increase in the expression of H-2 antigens on a subpopulation of astrocytes. Neither neurons nor oligodendroglia expressed detectable levels of H-2 antigens when exposed to astrocyte IFN, IFN-alpha/beta, or to IFN-beta. Injection of astrocyte IFN or IFN-alpha/beta directly into brains of newborn mice indicated that H-2 antigens were also induced in vivo. None of the IFNs (astrocyte, alpha/beta, or beta) tested induced Ia antigens on CNS cells in vitro or in vivo. Since H-2 antigens have a critical role in immune responses, astrocyte IFN may initiate and participate in immune reactions that contribute to immunoprotective and immunopathological responses in the CNS.