gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Table structure recognition based on robust block segmentation</title> (1998)

This paper presents an efficient approach to identify tabular structures within either electronic or paper documents. The resulting T-Recs system takes word bounding box information as input, and outputs the corresponding logical text block units. Starting with an arbitrary word as block seed the algorithm recursively expands this block to all words that interleave with their vertical neighbors. Since even smallest gaps of table columns prevent their words from mutual interleaving, this initial segmentation is able to identify and isolate such columns. In order to deal with some inherent segmentation errors caused by isolated lines, overhanging words, or cells spawning more than one column, a series of postprocessing steps is added. These steps benefit form a very simple distinction between type 1 and type 2 blocks: type 1 blocks are those of at most one word per line, all others are of type 2. This distinction allows the selective application of heuristics to each group of blocks. The conjoint decomposition of column blocks into subsets of table cells leads to the final block segmentation of a homogeneous abstraction level. These segments serve the final layout analysis which identifies table environments and cells that are stretching over several rows and/or columns.
인터넷전문은행 수용의도의 영향요인에 관한 연구 (2018)

2017년 4월 국내에 도입된 인터넷전문은행은 소비자들의 폭발적인 호응을 받고 있다. 향후 인터넷전문은행이 성공적으로 정착되면 국내 은행산업의 오버뱅킹 문제를 해결하고 혁신적인 금융서비스의 제공이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 이런 배경에서 해외의 경영성과 연구에서 인터넷전문은행 성공의 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석된 고객기반 확보의 중요성을 고려하여 본 연구는 잠재적 사용자를 대상으로 인터넷전문은행 수용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 설문자료를 이용하여 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구는 기존연구와 차별성을 확보하고자 연구모형에 인터넷전문은행의 특성을 반영한 경제성, 혁신적 및 신뢰성을 반영하였다. 설문의 진행은 2017년 4월 11일부터 2017년 4월 25일 까지 리서치 회사를 통해 1,440명에게 온라인으로 진행되었고, 최종 유효한 367건의 응답 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과 신뢰, 노력에 대한 기대, 성과에 대한 기대, 사회적 영향 등의 요인들은 수용의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 경제성과 성과에 대한 기대와의 관계에서 소득의 조절효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 학술적 관점에서는 UTAUT 모형을 재평가 하고 소비자 특성을 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다는 점이다. 실무적으로는 사회적 영향 요인과 성과에 대한 기대의 유의성을 고려할 때 20대-40대의 고객 기반을 가진 업체들과 업무 제휴를 통한 고객 기반 확보가 주요할 것으로 사료된다.
Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability features for real-life stress detection. Case study: students under stress due to university examination (2011)

The results of the current study suggest that nonlinear HRV analysis using short term ECG recording could be effective in automatically detecting real-life stress condition, such as a university examination.
High Performance, High Temperature Coatings (2010)

PEEK-based coatings were developed to fill the performance gap in found in many existing coating te chnologies today for use in demanding applications operating in extreme conditions. Coatings that fall under the “high-performance” category have been around for many years and generally fall into two groups: thermosets and thermoplastics. Ceramics and sol gels are another group of high-performance coating products but are outside of the scope of this article. Products offering the broadest and highest performance usually are from the thermoplastic family of polymers.
Gruneisen-stress induced ablation of biological tissue (1991)

The objective of biomedical applications of lasers is frequently to remove tissue in a controlled manner. However, for ablation induced by thermal- or photo-decomposition, damage to surrounding tissue may be excessive in some instances. Tissue can also be ablated by a hydrodynamic process referred to as front surface spallation, in which a thin layer next to a free surface is heated to levels, below vaporization but, so rapidly that it cannot undergo thermal expansion during laser heating. This generates a stress pulse, which propagates away from the heated region, with an initial amplitude that can be calculated using the Grueneisen coefficient. As the pulse reflects from the free surface, a tensile tail can develop of sufficient amplitude, exceeding the material strength, that a layer will be spalled off, taking much of the laser-deposited energy with it. Because tissue is generally a low strength material, this process has the potential of producing controlled ablation with reduced damage to the remaining tissue. However, to achieve these conditions, the laser pulse length, absorption depth and fluence must be properly tailored. This paper presents hydrodynamic calculations and analytical modeling relating to both stress- and thermal-induced ablation as a function of laser and tissue properties to illustrate the potential benefits of stress induced ablation. Also, guidance is given for tailoring the exposure parameters to enhance front surface spallation. 8 refs., 6 figs.
Calmodulin mutations causing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia confer opposing functional and biophysical molecular changes (2014)

Calmodulin (CaM) is the central mediator of intracellular Ca(2+) signalling in cardiomyocytes, where it conveys the intricate Ca(2+) transients to the proteins controlling cardiac contraction. We recently linked two separate mutations in CaM (N53I and N97S) to dominantly inherited catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an arrhythmic disorder in which exercise or acute emotion can lead to syncope and sudden cardiac death. Given the ubiquitous presence of CaM in all eukaryote cells, it is particular intriguing that carriers of either mutation show no additional symptoms. Here, we investigated the effects of the CaM CPVT mutations in a zebrafish animal model. Three-day-old embryos injected with either CaM mRNA showed no detectable pathologies or developmental abnormalities. However, embryos injected with CPVT CaM mRNA displayed increased heart rate compared to wild-type CaM mRNA under β-adrenergic stimulation, demonstrating a conserved dominant cardiac specific effect between zebrafish and human carriers of these mutations. Motivated by the highly similar physiological phenotypes, we compared the effects of the N53I and N97S mutations on the biophysical and functional properties of CaM. Surprisingly, the mutations have opposing effects on CaM C-lobe Ca(2+) binding affinity and kinetics, and changes to the CaM N-lobe Ca(2+) binding are minor and specific to the N53I mutation. Furthermore, both mutations induce differential perturbations to structure and stability towards unfolding. Our results suggest different molecular disease mechanisms for the CPVT (N53I and N97S mutations) and strongly support that cardiac contraction is the physiological process most sensitive to CaM integrity.
LED Permanent Emergency Lighting System Based on a Single Magnetic Component (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The use of high-efficiency LEDs in low-power lighting applications is growing continuously due to new advances in LED features. The lifetime of a low-power fluorescent lamp is around 5000 h. This implies short lamp-replacement times and high maintenance costs. The use of high-efficiency LEDs reduces drastically the maintenance costs due to the long lifetime (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${≫}\hbox{50}$</tex></formula> 000 h). One of the applications where using LED is very interesting is permanent emergency light systems. Generally, these circuits are based on a two-stage design, using two magnetic cores. This paper presents offline power LED driver and battery charger integrated in one magnetic core topology. Besides, the converter allows driving the LEDs in case of a line failure and it complies with the IEC 61000-3-2 Class C Standard. </para>
Coordinating Base Stations for Greater Uplink Spectral Efficiency in a Cellular Network (2007)

We propose an ambitious approach towards lifting the limits imposed by cochannel interference on the uplink spectral efficiency of a cellular network, viz., coordinating several base stations in the reception of users within their coverage area, and suppressing interference between users by means of coherent linear beamforming across the base stations. We evaluate by simulation the potential gain in spectral efficiency from such coordination, when there is 1 user per base station antenna in the network, and all users (but for a small fraction in outage) must be served at a constant and common data rate. We highlight the dependence of the spectral efficiency gain on the number of rings of neighbors with which each base station is coordinated, as well as the underlying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution in the network. Results from this study point to the possibility of doubling the uplink spectral efficiency with 1-ring coordination and nearly quadrupling it with 4-ring coordination, under high-SNR conditions.
Fabrication of high-performance Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub y/Ga/sub 1-y/As/GaAs resonant tunneling diodes using a microwave-compatible technology (1991)

A microwave-compatible process for fabricating planar integrated resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) is described. High-performance RTDs have been fabricated using Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub y/Ga/sub 1-y/As/GaAs strained layers. Peak-to-valley current ratios (PVRs) of 4.8:1 with simultaneous peak current densities of 4*10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ have been achieved at room temperature for diodes of area 9 mu m/sup 2/. Accurate measurements of reflection gain versus frequency between 1.5 and 26.5 GHz in the negative differential region indicate that the present technology is promising for millimeter-wave integrated circuits including self-oscillating mixers, frequency multipliers, and detectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of GaAs Quantum Dots on a Bilayer-GaSe Terminated Si(111) Substrate (2001)

We have developed a novel method to fabricate self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) of compound semiconductors on a Si(111) substrate using the so-called `droplet epitaxy' technique. In order to fabricate QDs on a Si substrate by droplet epitaxy, we examined the termination of a Si (111) surface with a bilayer-GaSe. This surface is formed by depositing 1 monolayer Ga on a Si(111)-7×7 surface and annealing in a Se flux at 520°C. Then Ga atoms are deposited to form Ga droplets on this surface, and the sample is annealed in an As flux to transform Ga droplets into GaAs QDs. It is revealed that GaAs QDs with a diameter as small as 10 nm and a height of 5 nm can be formed on the bilayer-GaSe/Si(111) substrate at a maximum density of 8.4×10 10 cm -2 . Using this method a new technique will be available to fabricate QDs of many kinds of compound semiconductors on the Si(111) substrate.
Methylammonium Lead Iodide for Efficient X-ray Energy Conversion (2015)

We report on photocurrent generation by X-ray irradiation in methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals. We observed 75% of charge collection efficiency in millimeter sized samples. This efficiency is partially due to the high photon absorption coefficient and X-ray beam stopping power of our lead containing material. The material shows a less than 20% decrease in its performance up to 40 Sv of total X-ray dose, which represents a very good stability. Moreover, our Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport calculations indicate that energetic particle radiation can also be harvested by CH3NH3PbI3. These properties are compared to CH3NH3SnI3 and PbI2. The possible application of these advantageous properties could be in simultaneous radiation protection and direct electricity production in environments with highly energetic background radiation.
The Transcultural Adaptation of Teaching Methods from Country of Origin to an American University Setting (2000)

This qualitative study focuses on how and if teachers of specific traditional and modern dance forms are trained to teach and, when they teach their dances in non-professional settings outside their country of origin, if, how, and why they modify the dances and their teaching practices. Of the seven teachers in the study, each taught one of the following dance forms: Flamenco from Spain, Bharata Natyam from India, Court Dance from Cambodia, theatre and shaman dances from Korea, new and old dances from Mexico, celebration dances from West Africa, and Graham and Horton technique of American modern dance. They answered open-ended interview questions about their teacher training, processes, and goals. Neither the teachers nor their gurus had any formal training to teach. In their current university setting, these seven emphasised the cultural contexts and meanings of the dances over the precise dance skills they taught because of time constraints and their students’ non-professional goals.
A novel antimicrobial and antithrombotic lock solution for hemodialysis catheters: A multi-center, controlled, randomized trial* (2011)

The novel C-MB-P lock solution is well tolerated, significantly reduces the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection, and provides protection comparable to heparin against patency failure.
Measurement of Serum α<sub>1</sub>-Antichymotrypsin by Immunoturbidimetry (1986)

A simple, fast method for the measurement of serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by an immunoturbidimetric technique is described. The assay spans the range 0.21 g/L to 2.83 g/L which covers adequately the majority of concentrations encountered in normal and pathological sera. The precision is good and the accuracy acceptable, as judged by a comparison with an electroimmunoassay technique. A reference range has been obtained using samples collected from blood donors.
Efficient Hydrogen Production Using Enzymes of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (2002)

Combination of the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway with hydrogenase has been demonstrated to increase the hydrogen yield from glucose to nearly theoretical yield (12 H2/1 glucose). The instability of the commercially available mesophilic enzymes as well as that of the cofactor NADP+ is an obstacle for practical application of the method to hydrogen production. Improvement of enzyme and cofactor stability was pursued by employment of thermophilic enzymes and encapsulation of the enzymes in a gas-permeable matrix. To obtain thermophilic enzymes, the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes from the thermophile Thermotoga maritima are being cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Primers were designed for the cloning of the target genes. The genes encoding the two NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were cloned into the vector PCR2.1 and expressed in E. coli. Production of hydrogen by enzymes in cell-free extracts of T. maritima, alone or in combination with Pyrococcus furiosus hydrogenase, was demonstrated. Studies were initiated on a novel method for practical implementation of enzymes for production of hydrogen, the incorporation of enzymes and cofactors into stable liposomes that will function as nanobioreactors. Hydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase were encapsulated in liposomes and subsequently demonstrated to produce hydrogen.
Subthreshold logical effort (2006)

Subthreshold circuit designs have been demonstrated to be a successful alternative when ultra-low power consumption is paramount. However, the characteristics of MOS transistors in the subthreshold regime are significantly different from those in strong-inversion. This presents new challenges in design optimization, particularly in complex gates with stacks of transistors. In this paper, we demonstrate a new optimal sizing scheme for subthreshold designs which takes these issues into account. We derive a closed-form solution for the correct sizing of transistors in a stack, both in relation to other transistors in the stack, and to a single transistor with equivalent current drivability. Experimental results show that our framework provides a performance improvement of up to 13.5% over the conventional logical effort method on ISCAS benchmark circuits, while one component circuit demonstrated an improvement of 33.1%.
Immunoglobulin Production and Transport by the Mammary Gland (1980)

In origin immunoglobulins in mammary secretions are both humoral, arising from the blood stream, and local, arising from production by plasmacytes in the mammary gland. The relative importance of each of these sources varies between species. In some species (human, rabbit, etc.), the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins to the blood stream of the neonate occurs in utero across the placenta or yolk sac membrane. In other species, including ruminants, transfer of maternal immunoglobulins to the neonate occurs exclusively via the colostrum. Both in utero and colostral routes of transfer are operative in other species. The concentration and class of immunoglobulins in the colostrum and milk of a species reflect the route and origin of the immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins transferred in quantity in utero or via the colostrum are mainly of the IgG class. Immunoglobulins locally produced by plasmacytes located adjacent to the secretory epithelium and in the mammary secretions are largely of the IgA and IgM classes. The bovine transfers large amounts of IgG immunoglobulins, and IgG1 in particular, from the blood stream across the mammary barrier into colostrum (and milk) by a specific transport mechanism. Bovine colostrum and milk also contain much smaller amounts of locally produced IgA and IgM.
Vector Competence of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>and<i>Aedes albopictus</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) for Dengue Virus in the Florida Keys (2012)

ABSTRACT In 2009–2011, Monroe County in southern Florida experienced locally acquired and traveler-imported focal dengue outbreaks. Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV) worldwide, is prevalent in Monroe County, and is the suspected vector in Florida. Ae. albopictus (Skuse) is also known to be an important vector of DENV and this species is ubiquitous in Florida; however, it is not yet established in Monroe County. Florida Ae. aegypti (Key West and Stock Island geographic colonies) and Ae. albopictus (Vero Beach geographic colony) were fed blood containing 3.7 Log10 plaque-forming unit equivalents of DENV serotype 1 isolated from a patient involved in the Key West, FL, outbreak in 2010. Mosquitoes were maintained at extrinsic incubation temperatures of 28 or 30°C for an incubation period of 14 d. Vector competence was assessed using rates of infection (percent with virus-positive bodies), dissemination (percent infected with viruspositive legs), and transmission (percent infected with virus-positive saliva). No significant differences were observed in rates of infection or dissemination between Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus at either extrinsic incubation temperature. Transmission was observed only at 28°C in both Ae. aegypti (Key West) and Ae. albopictus. The assessment of local mosquito populations for their DENV vector competence is essential and will aid mosquito control operators interested in pinpointing specific vector populations for control. The extent to which vector competence is affected by seasonal changes in temperature is discussed and provides baseline risk assessment data to mosquito control agencies.
A new potential field method for mobile robot path planning in the dynamic environments (2009)

Abstract A new potential field method for mobile robot path planning is proposed in this paper. At present, most potential field methods are designed to be applied in the stationary environment, and several improved potential functions have brought in the velocity factors in the dynamic circumstances. Based on the consideration that the moving trend of the robot in the dynamic environments is also necessary to produce more reasonable path, this paper defines new attractive potential function with respect to the relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the robot and the goal, as well as the repulsive potential function with respect to the relative positions, velocities, and accelerations between the robot and the obstacles. The virtual forces are calculated to make the robot plan its motion, not only with right positions, but also with suitable velocities. Furthermore, the robot will keep a similar moving trend with the goal and contrary trends with the obstacles. Finally, some methodic simulations are carried out to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new potential field method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Colony growth in vitro of mitogen-stimulated mouse B lymphocytes. (1977)

The ability of mouse B-mitogen-induced lymphocytes to grow and develop into colonies in a soft agar system was studied. Prerequisite conditions for the colony formation of mouse lymphocytes from inguinal lymph nodes of strains ICR C3H/eB and C3H were their suspension in a liquid medium and stimulation with polyclonal B-cell activators such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purified protein derivative (PPD) or dextran sulphate (DxS) prior to being seeded on a soft agar culture medium. After 3-5 days of culture, colonies of 50-350 cells or more per clone developed. A linear relationship was found between the number of cells seeded and the number of colonies growing. Of the cells seeded, only a limited population of the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes has the potential to divide and to develop into colonies. The largest number of colonies was obtained by culturing lymph node cells of ICR mice and using LPS as mitogens. Two sublines of C3H were found to respond differently to LPS: C3H/HeJ mice were low responders while C3H/eB mice were high responders. Experiments with inbred, congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice known to be deficient in T cells showed that LPS-stimulated lymphocytes were capable of forming colonies. The morphology of the colony cells, as well as the fact that they stain positively for cell-membrane immunoglobulins, suggest that the colonies developed from B lymphocytes.
Oceanic bromoform emissions weighted by their ozone depletion potential (2015)

Abstract. At present, anthropogenic halogens and oceanic emissions of very short-lived substances (VSLSs) both contribute to the observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Emissions of the long-lived anthropogenic halogens have been reduced and are currently declining, whereas emissions of the biogenic VSLSs are expected to increase in future climate due to anthropogenic activities affecting oceanic production and emissions. Here, we introduce a new approach for assessing the impact of oceanic halocarbons on stratospheric ozone by calculating their ozone depletion potential (ODP)-weighted emissions. Seasonally and spatially dependent, global distributions are derived within a case-study framework for CHBr3 for the period 1999–2006. At present, ODP-weighted emissions of CHBr3 amount up to 50 % of ODP-weighted anthropogenic emissions of CFC-11 and to 9 % of all long-lived ozone depleting halogens. The ODP-weighted emissions are large where strong oceanic emissions coincide with high-reaching convective activity and show pronounced peaks at the Equator and the coasts with largest contributions from the Maritime Continent and western Pacific Ocean. Variations of tropical convective activity lead to seasonal shifts in the spatial distribution of the trajectory-derived ODP with the updraught mass flux, used as a proxy for trajectory-derived ODP, explaining 71 % of the variance of the ODP distribution. Future climate projections based on the RCP 8.5 scenario suggest a 31 % increase of the ODP-weighted CHBr3 emissions by 2100 compared to present values. This increase is related to a larger convective updraught mass flux in the upper troposphere and increasing emissions in a future climate. However, at the same time, it is reduced by less effective bromine-related ozone depletion due to declining stratospheric chlorine concentrations. The comparison of the ODP-weighted emissions of short- and long-lived halocarbons provides a new concept for assessing the overall impact of oceanic halocarbon emissions on stratospheric ozone depletion for current conditions and future projections.