gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E2E-PACK: A Cross-Layer Design for Multipath Routing over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Multipath routing is one of the applied approaches in mobile ad hoc networks to address their limited bandwidth and high route breakage rate. Unfortunately, using multiple paths for each connection increases the number of existing flows in a system. More flows mean more potential of interference among them and also more overhead due to competition for acquiring the shared channel. Nevertheless, existing multipath routing methods rarely address these issues. In this paper a new cross-layer scheme for multipath routing, namely E2E-PACK, has been proposed which piggy-backs the end-to-end acknowledgements on MAC layer signals such as CTS or ACK. The E2E-PACK reduces the reverse flow of each connection and hence the number of existing flows in the system. In addition, the minimal size of the extra information does not significantly increase the size of MAC layer signals and therefore does not cause any side effects. To evaluate its performance, the proposed method has been used to transport multimedia content in ns-2 simulator. The results indicate that by applying the proposed E2E-PACK to a simplified video streaming application, it could recover from packet loss faster than before while consuming less bandwidth. The results also demonstrate that the negligible augmented size in the MAC layer signals do not impair the transmission performance. The new technique improves the streaming quality by up to 1.87 dB.
Inference for the Population Total from Probability-Proportional-to-Size Samples Based on Predictions from a Penalized Spline Nonparametric Model (2003)

Inference about the finite population total from probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) samples is considered. In previous work (Zheng and Little, 2003), penalized spline (p-spline) nonparametric model-based estimators were shown to generally outperform the Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and generalized regression (GR) estimators in terms of the root mean squared error. In this article we develop model-based, jackknife and balanced repeated replicate variance estimation methods for the p-spline based estimators. Asymptotic properties of the jackknife method are discussed. Simulations show that p-spline point estimators and their jackknife standard errors lead to inferences that are superior to HT or GR based inferences. This suggests that nonparametric model-based prediction approaches can be successfully applied in the finite population setting by avoiding strong parametric assumptions.
Dimerization of tris(o-ureidobenzyl)amines: a novel class of aggregates (2001)

Dimeric aggregates are formed by the assembly of two tripodal moieties which are held together, both in solution and in the solid state, by a belt of 6 hydrogen-bonded urea functions.
Fog Computing: Enabling the Management and Orchestration of Smart City Applications in 5G Networks (2017)

Fog computing extends the cloud computing paradigm by placing resources close to the edges of the network to deal with the upcoming growth of connected devices. Smart city applications, such as health monitoring and predictive maintenance, will introduce a new set of stringent requirements, such as low latency, since resources can be requested on-demand simultaneously by multiple devices at different locations. It is then necessary to adapt existing network technologies to future needs and design new architectural concepts to help meet these strict requirements. This article proposes a fog computing framework enabling autonomous management and orchestration functionalities in 5G-enabled smart cities. Our approach follows the guidelines of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) NFV MANO architecture extending it with additional software components. The contribution of our work is its fully-integrated fog node management system alongside the foreseen application layer Peer-to-Peer (P2P) fog protocol based on the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol for the exchange of application service provisioning information between fog nodes. Evaluations of an anomaly detection use case based on an air monitoring application are presented. Our results show that the proposed framework achieves a substantial reduction in network bandwidth usage and in latency when compared to centralized cloud solutions.
Structure and transcription of a telomeric surface antigen gene of Trypanosoma brucei. (1985)

The gene encoding variant surface glycoprotein 221 in Trypanosoma brucei is located adjacent to a chromosome end and can be activated with or without a concomitant gene duplication. To test whether transcription initiates within the cloned segment of the 221 gene, we analyzed nascent and stable transcripts. We show here that the 221 coding region and 8.5 kilobases of adjacent upstream DNA are transcribed into nascent RNA at a similar rate when gene 221 is activated without duplication. Since only part of this transcribed upstream segment is transferred with the coding region to another telomere upon duplicative activation of gene 221, we infer that initiation of variant surface glycoprotein gene transcription occurs outside the gene segment that moves into an expression site by gene conversion. Our analysis shows that part of the variant surface glycoprotein 221 transcription unit consists of an unusual 3.5-kilobase tandem array of ca. 50 repeat segments and that a rearrangement in this array accompanies the nonduplicative activation of gene 221. A variant surface glycoprotein pseudogene is located within the transcription unit of gene 221, and we discuss models that account for this unusual situation.
Sawtooth Shock as a Component Test (1956)

The shock effect of a terminal-peak sawtooth of acceleration obtained by a drop onto a lead pellet has been investigated experimentally using the shock spectrum as the criterion of severity. It is shown that this spectrum obtained by analysis of the acceleration-time data can be made to approximate closely over a wide frequency range that obtained theoretically for an ideal sawtooth. The smoothness of the spectrum which results from the extreme asymmetry. of the pulse shape makes the sawtooth particularly attractive standard pulse shape for shock test in the laboratory.
Generation of free-form surface models by understanding geometric and topological constraints on rough sketches (2003)

The geometric modeler developed enables a style designer to define free-form curves and surfaces by rough sketches directly drawn on a display. For the generation of curves, methods to automatically analyze symmetric and corresponding geometric pairs on the sketch and to calculate 3D rational Bezier curves from them are proposed. Also, methods to generate free-form surfaces over a nonrectangular area and to modify the internal shape of the surface by 2-D curves are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isoforms p69 and p100 of 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Induced Differentially by Interferons <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> (1993)

Four isoforms of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase have been identified (40, 44, 69, and 100 kD). The 40- and 44-kD enzymes are encoded by the same gene, probably different from the genes encoding the larger isoforms. In this study, induction of the 100- and 69-KD (p100, p69) isoforms in different individuals and in different cell types was investigated after treatment with recombinant human interferons (IFN): IFN-alpha 2, IFN-beta ser, or IFN-gamma. The p69 and p100 isoforms were quantitated in cell extracts on Western blots using specific polyclonal antibodies, or their activity was measured after purification of cell extracts on immunoaffinity columns. The p69 and p100 isoforms were differentially induced in Daudi, fibroblast, and colon adenocarcinoma cells treated with IFNs. Considerable individual variations in both basal and induced levels of p69 and p100 were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors cultured with IFNs in vitro, and from cancer patients treated with IFN-alpha 2 or with IFN-beta ser. These results demonstrate that the p69 and p100 isoforms are present in vivo in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their level is increased following IFN administration. Furthermore, both the in vivo and in vitro observations indicate that the expression of these enzymes is specific to each cell type and varies among individuals.
Dietary<i>ω</i>-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment of Cancer (2013)

ω -3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly present in fish oil, are part of the human diet. Among PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has received particular attention for its anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic properties. These data suggest that DHA can exert antitumor activity potentially representing an effective adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy. This review is focused on current knowledge supporting the potential use of DHA for the enhancement of the efficacy of anticancer treatments in relation to its ability to enhance the uptake of anticancer drugs, regulate the oxidative status of tumor cells, and inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Transposable Elements, Inflammation, and Neurological Disease (2019)

Transposable Elements (TE) are mobile DNA elements that can replicate and insert themselves into different locations within the host genome. Their propensity to self-propagate has a myriad of consequences and yet their biological significance is not well-understood. Indeed, retrotransposons have evaded evolutionary attempts at repression and may contribute to somatic mosaicism. Retrotransposons are emerging as potent regulatory elements within the human genome. In the diseased state, there is mounting evidence that endogenous retroelements play a role in etiopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, with a disposition for both autoimmune and neurological disorders. We postulate that active mobile genetic elements contribute more to human disease pathogenesis than previously thought.
Seismic similarity analysis through self-organising maps (2007)

In this work we present a methodology for extracting valuable information from several seismic attributes by computing seismic similarity values through a pattern recognition approach, which is based on self-organising maps. This methodology allows for identifying regions with seismic properties similar to a pre-defined reference location of interest, for instance, a good well producer or a dry well; and it can be used during the exploratory phase when only limited and scarce well information is available. The methodology we propose improves the classical seismic similarity analysis and can be used on two-dimensional seismic maps or three-dimensional seismic volumes for frontier exploration, i.e. where there are scarce or limited well data but much seismic information. Using two case studies, we show how the proposed method constitutes a valuable tool for exploration geophysics and reservoir characterisation.
High accuracy formulas for calculation of the characteristic impedance of microstrip lines (1995)

An analytical formula for determination of the characteristic impedance of a microstrip line assuming the quasi-TEM mode of propagation is presented. The new form of the final formulas contains only integrals which can be numerically performed by means of the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The method can be applied to multilayer lines and also to the case of anisotropic dielectrics. By using some suitable conformal mappings the formulas obtained can be used to determine the characteristic impedance of some cylindrical microstrip lines. We have compared the results given by the proposed formulas with the finite analytical solution available in a particular case and also with results obtained by the substrip method. All the performed tests indicate that the proposed formulas are highly accurate and efficient relations for determining the characteristic impedance of microstrip lines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Antiparasitic Agents. Part 5. Synthesis of 4‐(Substituted‐aryl)amino‐7‐chloroquinolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds (III), (IV), (VII), (X) and (XII) are synthesized as shown in the scheme and screened, to gether with the sulfone (XIII) which is available from (Ib), for their antimalarial and antifilarial activity.
Evaluation of natural language processors (1981)

This thesis attempts to clarify some of the difficulties behind evaluating the performance of natural language processors. It also proposes an evaluation method that is designed to be systematic and thorough. The method relies on considering a natural language processor from three viewpoints in the light of several taxonomies of issues relevant to natural language processing. Finally, an evaluation is described of PLANES, a natural language database query system.
Prediction and control of strip flatness in cold rolling (1975)

The rolling of thin gauge, hard aluminium alloys to a high standard of flatness on high-speed mills is primarily a problem of thermal-crown control. The temperature distribution in the rolls has been studied experimentally and theoretically and three separate thermal effects are described, each with a different time constant. The short-term transient does not affect the thermal crown directly, while use is made of the medium- and long-term transients to control local and overall shape variations, respectively. Mechanical deflections are then described and it is shown how a 4-high mill can achieve a balance between thermal and mechanical effects for rolling strip of different widths. Strip off-flatness is manifested through a non-uniform tension distribution and this is the basis for flatness measurement by the Alcan-ASEA Automatic Flatness-Control system. The rapid, predictive response of the automatic roll-deflection control system is augmented by the slower response of coolant flow control across the roll face, the former needed during mill acceleration and deceleration, and the latter to take care of longer-term changes in roll shape due to thermal expansion.
A New Blue Light-Emitting Polymer Containing Substituted Thiophene and an Arylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole Moiety (1998)

An n-doped-type light-emitting polymer that emits blue light with a very high photoluminescence efficiency (79%) is reported. Its synthesis and properties are described and its potential for application in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) has been checked by the construction of a single-layer LED. All polymers commonly used in PLEDs are typical p-doped-type polymers with a greater tendency to transport holes than electrons, this charge imbalance being a key limit to increasing the electroluminescence efficiency of PEDs. This work demonstrates that n-doped-type polymers suitable for PLEDs can be found.
Simultaneous three primary color laser emissions from dye mixtures (1990)

Simultaneous two- and three-band laser emissions were obtained in a process of mixing two and three kinds of dyes excited by a nitrogen laser. They were blue, green, and yellow in a coumarin 460 (C460)/disodium fluorescein (DF)/rhodamine 610 (R610) dye mixture, and blue, green, and red in a C460/DF/rhodamin 640 (R640) dye mixture. Strong energy transfers from DF to R610 and to R640 were shown. R610 and R640 laser emissions on mixing with DF were obtained at very low concentrations. They were 4×10−6 mol/ℓ for R610 and 1×10−5 mol/ℓ for R640, compared to the lasing threshold concentration of 1×10−4 and 2×10−4 mol/ℓ of each dye alone. Also, the R610 radiation moved about 35 nm to a shorter wavelength at the reduced concentration.
An adaptive algorithm for image resolution enhancement (2002)

We present a novel and fast algorithm to enhance the resolution of an image by an arbitrary factor which is based on adaptively selecting different interpolating filters depending on local image analysis. Local image regions are analyzed in terms of edges and texture. This local image analysis is then used to select appropriate filters. We show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the standard bicubic interpolation method and does not suffer from ringing and blurring artifacts. Furthermore, we show a variant of the algorithm which works very well for scaling of bilevel images.
A Precisely Spaced Multiwavelength Light Source with a Pulsed Serrodyne Frequency Shifter in an Optical Ring Circuit (2002)

A novel multiwavelength light source with precise wavelength spacing is proposed. Successive frequency shifts by pulsed serrodyne modulation in an optical ring circuit generates more than 100 wavelengths with 12.5 GHz spacing
Support vector machine assisted BOTDA utilizing combined Brillouin gain and phase information for enhanced sensing accuracy (2017)

Benefiting from both Brillouin amplitude and phase spectral responses during Brillouin scattering, a support vector machine (SVM) assisted Brillouin optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA) enabling the improvement of sensing accuracy with only a slight sacrifice of processing speed has been proposed and demonstrated. Only one SVM model, i.e. SVM-(g + p), is required to effectively combine the Brillouin gain and phase information in the training and testing phases, which avoids separate Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) and Brillouin phase spectrum (BPS) fitting, and hence saves the processing time. Both simulation and experiments using different parameters were conducted to evaluate the improved performance of SVM-(g + p). Compared with the case of using BGS only or BPS only, SVM assisted BOTDA using combined BGS and BPS enhances the accuracy of temperature extraction by about 30% over a wide range of simulation and experiment parameters, only at a slight expense of the processing speed. Although the processing of both gain and phase information takes extra time, SVM-(g + p) assisted BOTDA still has a processing speed 80 times faster than that of using a conventional curve fitting method like Lorentzian curve fitting (LCF). The improved accuracy, together with fast processing speed, is crucial for future high-speed and accurate BOTDA sensors based on both Brillouin gain and phase detection.
Common mode filtering performances of planar EBG structures (2009)

This paper approaches the filtering behavior of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. The transfer function, in terms of S-parameters, of a single ended and a differential microstrip line referenced to an EBG plane are considered: the notches (causing signal attenuation) and flat regions (causing signal propagation) are related to the geometry and characteristics of the EBG structure and can be designed to filter out unwanted harmonic components of the signal. A different EBG-like structure is proposed and its performances analyzed.
Enhancement of the Spin Accumulation at the Interface between a Spin-Polarized Tunnel Junction and a Semiconductor (2009)

We report on spin injection experiments at a Co/Al2O3/GaAs interface with electrical detection. The application of a transverse magnetic field induces a large voltage drop DeltaV at the interface as high as 1.2 mV for a current density of 0.34 nA.microm(-2). This represents a dramatic increase of the spin accumulation signal, well above the theoretical predictions for spin injection through a ferromagnet/semiconductor interface. Such an enhancement is consistent with a sequential tunneling process via localized states located in the vicinity of the Al2O3/GaAs interface. For spin-polarized carriers these states act as an accumulation layer where the spin lifetime is large. A model taking into account the spin lifetime and the escape tunneling time for carriers traveling back into the ferromagnetic contact reproduces accurately the experimental results.
An enhanced video summarization system using audio features for a personal video recorder (2006)

We extend our sports video browsing framework for personal video recorders, such as DVD recorders, blu-ray disc recorders and/or hard disc recorders, to other genres. We reduce the computational complexity by reducing the number of audio classes to a small but useful set that is useful for both sports video and music video, as well as by reducing the complexity of the Gaussian mixture models. Our extension to music video content consists of detecting music/song periods by compensating for false alarms. Our results indicate that our enhanced audio-only summarization maintains the sports video performance and works well with music video content. We can therefore integrate the enhancement into our product while in fact reducing the computational complexity.
Developments in Transducer Stems for Mechanical Coupling Measurements in Endoprosthetics (1982)

Earlier works, here briefly summarized, described the experimental techniques used for the stress analysis of the stem–femur coupling. Special strain-gauge transducers were constructed in the shape of endoprosthesis stems, to be implanted in test femurs. Four types of such transducers have been evolved, in order to overcome problems encountered during tests. The transducers are described, and results obtained with the third of these are shown in detail.
Design of a real-time rotor inertia estimation system for DC motors with a personal computer (2002)

Various traditional measurement techniques of moment of inertia were examined. Two computer-based measurement methods using the motor's torque constant, back EMF (electromotive force) constant, mechanical time constant, and armature resistance with straightforward formulations were investigated. A PC-based inertia measuring unit was designed by using a multifunction interface card for signal processing and acquisition circuits. This low-cost inertia computation and measurement system can be used to assist in modeling and controlling DC drives in real-time. The system can also be integrated into an existing DC motor measurement or testing laboratory. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Negative differential conductance in three-terminal silicon tunneling device (1996)

Negative differential conductance based on lateral band-to-band tunneling is demonstrated in a three-terminal silicon tunneling device. The device is fabricated with the current silicon ultra-large scale integration (Si ULSI) process, taking care of the field isolation to reduce the excess tunneling current that flows over some intermediate states. It is observed that the forward biased band-to-band tunneling current is largely controlled by the gate bias which modulates the tunneling barrier width. The three-terminal Si tunneling device is promising as the post complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor device in future Si ULSI.