gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maturation and function of mouse T-cells with a transgenic TCR positively selected by highly disparate xenogeneic porcine MHC. (2001)

Remarkably normal cellular immune function, along with specific T-cell tolerance to highly disparate xenogeneic donors, can be achieved by grafting fetal pig thymus (FP THY) tissue to T and NK cell-depleted, thymectomized (ATX) mice. Porcine MHC can mediate positive selection of mouse CD4+ T-cells with a mouse MHC-restricted TCR in FP THY-grafted, T- and NK cell-depleted, ATX TCR-transgenic "AND" mice. However, functional studies were not performed on transgenic mouse T-cells selected in a FP THY graft. We have now performed further studies to confirm the ability of porcine MHC to mediate the positive selection of mouse T-cells with a mouse MHC-restricted TCR, and to exclude the possibility that the maturation of mouse T-cells with a mouse MHC-restricted TCR in FP THY grafts in ATX "AND" mice is a special case. For this purpose, TCR-transgenic mice with an unrelated transgenic TCR ["3A9", specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) peptide 46-61 presented by I-Ak] were employed. Similar to FP THY-grafted ATX "AND" mice, large numbers of mouse CD4 single positive thymocytes expressing the transgenic TCR (Vbeta8.2) and expressing a mature phenotype (Qa-2high and heat stable antigen, HSAlow) were detected in FP THY grafts. Porcine thymus grafting led to a high level of peripheral repopulation with mouse naive-type (CD44low CD45RBhigh CD62Lhigh) CD4+ cells expressing the transgenic TCR in T and NK cell-depleted ATX "3A9" mice, regardless of whether the recipients had a positive selecting or a non-selecting, class II deficient MHC background. The mouse CD4+ T-cells expressing the "3A9" TCR showed efficient primary proliferative responses to the protein antigen (HEL) when it was presented by mouse class II+ antigen presenting cells (APC) in vitro. These results, collectively, support the general conclusion that discordant xenogeneic porcine MHC can mediate positive selection of mouse T-cells with mouse MHC-restricted TCR. This study has implications for the potential clinical use of xenogeneic thymus transplantation to reconstitute cellular immunity in the setting of thymic insufficiency or thymectomy, and hence for its applicability to the induction of xenograft tolerance and in the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases.
SU‐FF‐I‐19: A Study of Megavoltage Beam Tomosynthesis (2006)

Purpose: To study the impact of projection numbers on the quality of tomosynthesis images using megavoltage beams. Method and Materials: It has been shown that isocentric kilovoltage tomosynthesis images can be generated with no more than 50 degree scan angle. With only one seventh of scan time and dose of CBCT, this new technology can generate on‐board images with comparable quality as CBCT to guide patient's positioning. In this study, we used megavoltage (MV) beam projections to reconstruct tomosynthesis images. The MV projection images were acquired by using a MV portal imager mounted on a Varian‐21EX LINAC. The high‐resolution mode was used for acquisition and it required less than 1 cGy dose for each projection. The raw projections data needed background and floor image corrections and was then taken to generate tomosynthesis images by using the FDK cone‐beam reconstruction algorithm. Results: Compared with kV tomosynthesis images, MV tomosynthesis images also give good contrast for bones. However, for soft tissue, their contrast is relatively lower. We calculate normalized mutual information (NMI) between MV and kV tomosynthesis images and studied its dependence on scan angle and angular interval. The experiment shows that with the angular interval fixed, NMI increases as the scan angle grows and with the scan angle fixed, NMI decreases as the angular interval increases. For our study on a spine phantom, 50‐degree scan angle and 1‐degree angular interval gives good trade‐off between images quality and projection numbers. Conclusion: MV beam can be used to generate good quality tomosynthesis images.
<title>Growth And Characterization Of Single Crystal Refractory Oxide Fibers</title> (1982)

This paper presents results of pedestal growth of 30- 500 µm diameter single crystal refractory oxide fibers. Growth instabilities are discussed and an improved second generation system is described.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gray-zone Lymphoma Between cHL and Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2018)

Gray-zone lymphoma (GZL) with features intermediate between classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) was introduced as a provisional entity into the World Health Organization classification in 2008. However, as diagnostic criteria are imprecise, reliable identification of GZL cases remains challenging. Here, we describe the histopathologic features of 139 GZL cases from a retrospective Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) study with the goal to improve classification accuracy. Inclusion criteria were based on literature review and an expert consensus opinion of the LYSA hematopathologist panel. We observed 86 cases with a morphology more closely related to cHL, but with an LBCL immunophenotype based on strong and homogenous B-cell marker expression (CD20 and/or CD79a, OCT2, BOB1, PAX5) on all tumor cells (cHL-like GZL). Fifty-three cases were morphologically more closely related to LBCL but harbored a cHL immunophenotype (LBCL-like GZL). Importantly, we observed a continuous morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum within these 2 GZL categories. The majority of cases presented genetic immune escape features with CD274/PDCD1LG2 and/or CIITA structural variants by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Patients without mediastinal involvement at diagnosis (17%) were older than those with mediastinal tumors (median: 56 vs. 39 y). Cases associated with Epstein-Barr virus (24%) presented with similar patient characteristics and outcome as Epstein-Barr virus negative cases. In summary, we provide refined diagnostic criteria that contribute to a more precise pathologic and clinical characterization of GZL within a broad spectrum from cHL-like to LBCL-like disease.
Fragment-Based Design of a Potent MAT2a Inhibitor and <i>in Vivo</i> Evaluation in an MTAP Null Xenograft Model (2021)

MAT2a is a methionine adenosyltransferase that synthesizes the essential metabolite <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine and ATP. Tumors bearing the co-deletion of p16 and MTAP genes have been shown to be sensitive to MAT2a inhibition, making it an attractive target for treatment of MTAP-deleted cancers. A fragment-based lead generation campaign identified weak but efficient hits binding in a known allosteric site. By use of structure-guided design and systematic SAR exploration, the hits were elaborated through a merging and growing strategy into an arylquinazolinone series of potent MAT2a inhibitors. The selected <i>in vivo</i> tool compound <b>28</b> reduced SAM-dependent methylation events in cells and inhibited proliferation of MTAP-null cells <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed that <b>28</b> was able to induce antitumor response in an MTAP knockout HCT116 xenograft model.
Novel La<sub>3</sub>GaGe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>16</sub> : Mn<sup>4+</sup>based deep red phosphor: a potential color converter for warm white light (2015)

We gained insight into the temperature-dependent relative emission intensity of La<sub>3</sub>GaGe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>16</sub>: Mn<sup>4+</sup>phosphor, and the luminescence quenching temperature and the activation energy for thermal quenching (Δ<italic>E</italic>) were obtained.
Minfi: a flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA methylation microarrays (2014)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Remote Thermometry In A Combustion Environment Using The Phosphor Technique (1987)

Thermometry of hardware in high temperature combustion environments may be difficult and challenging to perform. Intrusive sensors, such as thermocouples, can significantly modify the local temperature field. Fatigue life of combustor components is a critical function of temperature. Methods based on the temperature-dependent emission properties of certain phosphors show promise in these situations. The temperature of an object, a variable area diffuser centerbody, immersed in an afterburner flame of a jet engine was measured. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a field application of the thermal phosphor technique in this type of environment. The testing, performed at Arnold Engineering Development Center, revealed that useful temperature measurements can be made. The objectives of this work were: (1) to provide a near-term solution to a thermal monitoring problem associated with jet engine testing, and (2) to investigate the phosphor technique for its potential in solving other envisioned thermal mapping problems in combustion and aerodynamic facilities.
NF-κB Signaling Is Required for XBP1 (Unspliced and Spliced)-Mediated Effects on Antiestrogen Responsiveness and Cell Fate Decisions in Breast Cancer (2014)

Antiestrogen therapy induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) in estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which exists in the transcriptionally inactive unspliced form [XBP1(U)] and the spliced active form [XBP1(S)], is a key UPR component mediating antiestrogen resistance. We now show a direct link between the XBP1 and NF-κB survival pathways in driving the cell fate decisions in response to antiestrogens in ER(+) breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Using novel spliced and nonspliceable forms of XBP1, we show that XBP1(U) functions beyond being a dominant negative of XBP1(S). Both isoforms regulate NF-κB activity via ERα; XBP1(S) is more potent because it also directly regulates p65/RelA expression. These findings provide new insights into the fundamental signaling activities of spliced and unspliced XBP1 in breast cancer, establish NF-κB to be a mediator of these activities, and identify XBP1 and its splicing to be novel therapeutic targets.
Comparison of Seven Commercial Antigen and Antibody Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Acute Dengue Infection (2012)

Seven commercial assays were evaluated to determine their suitability for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection: (i) the Panbio dengue virus Pan-E NS1 early enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), second generation (Alere, Australia); (ii) the Panbio dengue virus IgM capture ELISA (Alere, Australia); (iii) the Panbio dengue virus IgG capture ELISA (Alere, Australia); (iv) the Standard Diagnostics dengue virus NS1 antigen ELISA (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea); (v) the Standard Diagnostics dengue virus IgM ELISA (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea); (vi) the Standard Diagnostics dengue virus IgG ELISA (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea); and (vii) the Platelia NS1 antigen ELISA (Bio-Rad, France). Samples from 239 Thai patients confirmed to be dengue virus positive and 98 Sri Lankan patients negative for dengue virus infection were tested. The sensitivities and specificities of the NS1 antigen ELISAs ranged from 45 to 57% and 93 to 100% and those of the IgM antibody ELISAs ranged from 85 to 89% and 88 to 100%, respectively. Combining the NS1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the Standard Diagnostics ELISAs gave the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity (87 and 96%, respectively), as well as providing the best sensitivity for patients presenting at different times after fever onset. The Panbio IgG capture ELISA correctly classified 67% of secondary dengue infection cases. This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue virus antigen- and antibody-based test results in the ELISA format for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection.
Design and implementation of virtual memory-mapped communication on Myrinet (2002)

Describes the design and implementation of the Virtual Memory-Mapped Communication (VMMC) model on a Myrinet network of PCI-based PCs. VMMC has been designed and implemented for the SHRIMP multicomputer, where it delivers user-to-user latency and bandwidth close to the limits imposed by the underlying hardware. The goal of this work is: to provide an implementation of VMMC on a commercially available hardware platform; to determine whether the benefits of VMMC can be realized on the new hardware; and to investigate network interface design tradeoffs by comparing SHRIMP with Myrinet and its respective VMMC implementation. Our Myrinet implementation of VMMC achieves 9.8 /spl mu/s one-way latency and provides 108.4 MByte/s user-to-user bandwidth. Compared to SHRIMP, the Myrinet implementation of VMMC incurs relatively higher overhead and demands more network interface resources (LANai processor, on-board SRAM) but requires less operating system support.
Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat (1994)

The postprandial glycaemic response following a meal is reduced with the addition of soluble dietary fibre. The reductions in the glycaemia are thought to be due largely to increased viscosity of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents retarding digestion and absorption. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect that the GI tract has on the viscosity of meals containing different soluble fibres and to determine whether the glycaemic response of a meal (containing the soluble fibre) was predicted by the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. High carbohydrate diets containing 70 g soluble fibre guar gum, xanthan gum or methylcellulose)/kg or 70 g insoluble fibre (wheat bran)/kg were diluted in water to a final fibre concentration of 18 g/kg. Following dilution the wheat bran diet had no measurable viscosity, while the viscosities of the soluble fibre diets were elevated. When the diets were fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks the viscosities of the stomach and small intestinal digesta were not predicted by the viscosity of the diets measured before ingestion. The action of the GI tract on the viscosity of the soluble fibres was investigated in vitro by dilution of the diets with acidic and neutralizing solutions, mimicking gastric and duodenal secretions. Dilution of diets with either acidic and neutralizing solutions or saline control significantly lowered the viscosity of all diets, while alterations in the pH of the diets had little impact on the resultant viscosity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation of Saturated and Unsaturated Symmetrical Monoglycerides (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Saturated and Unsaturated Symmetrical MonoglyceridesJames B. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 22, 5482–5483Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01118a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01118a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reaction of Indoles with Succinimido-sulfonium Salts. I. A Convenient Synthesis of Indole-3-thioethers (1976)

Reaction of indoles with succinimido-dialkyl-or alkylarylsulfonium chlorides, prepared from dialkyl or alkylaryl sulfldes and N-chlorosuccinimide, afforded indole-3-dialkyl-or alkylarylsulfonium chlorides which gave 3-alkylthio-or arylthioindoles on pyrolysis.S u c c i n i m i d o -d i m e t h g l s u l f o n i u m chloride, prepared from Nchlorosuccinimide and dimethylsulfides,') have been known to react with some nucleophiles such as amines, phenols, alcohols, carbanions and e n a m i n e ~. ~) In this paper, we report a new
A polymorphism affecting apolipoprotein A-II translational efficiency determines high density lipoprotein size and composition. (1990)

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are heterogeneous particles consisting of about equal amounts of lipid and protein that are thought to mediate the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver. We show that a previously identified polymorphism affecting HDL electrophoretic mobility in mice is due to a monogenic variation controlling HDL size and apolipoprotein composition. Thus, the HDL particles of various inbred strains of mice exhibit a striking difference in the ratio fo the two major apolipoproteins of HDL, apoA-I and apoA-II. HDL particles in all strains examined contain an average of about five apoA-I molecules; however, whereas the strains with small HDL contain two to three apoA-II molecules per particle, the strains with large HDL contain about five apoA-II molecules per particle. This increase in the protein content of the large HDL is also accompanied by increased lipid content. The HDL size polymorphism and apoA-II levels cosegregate with the apoA-II structural gene on mouse chromosome 1, indicating that a mutation of the apoA-II gene locus is responsible. The rates of synthesis of apoA-II are increased in the strains with large HDL and high apoA-II levels as compared to the strains with small HDL and low apoA-II levels. On the other hand, the fractional catabolic rates of both apoA-I and apoA-II among the strains are very similar, confirming that apoA-II concentrations are controlled at the level of synthesis. Despite the difference in rates of apoA-II synthesis between strains, the apoA-II mRNA levels in the strains are not discernibly different, suggesting that a mutation of the apoA-II structural gene controls apoA-II translational efficiency. This was confirmed by translating apoA-II mRNA in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Sequencing of apoA-II cDNA from the strains revealed a number of nucleotide substitutions, which may affect translational efficiency. We conclude that the assembly of apoA-II into HDL does not have a set stoichiometry but, rather, is controlled by the production of apoA-II. As apoA-II levels increase, the HDL particles become larger and acquire more lipid, but apoA-I content per particle remains unchanged. These studies with mice provide a model for the metabolic relationships between apoA-I, apoA-II, and HDL lipid in humans.
Covalent attachment of proteins to peptidoglycan (2008)

Bacterial surface proteins are key players in host-symbiont or host-pathogen interactions. How these proteins are targeted and displayed at the cell surface are challenging issues of both fundamental and clinical relevance. While surface proteins of Gram-negative bacteria are assembled in the outer membrane, Gram-positive bacteria predominantly utilize their thick cell wall as a platform to anchor their surface proteins. This surface display involves both covalent and noncovalent interactions with either the peptidoglycan or secondary wall polymers such as teichoic acid or lipoteichoic acid. This review focuses on the role of enzymes that covalently link surface proteins to the peptidoglycan, the well-known sortases in Gram-positive bacteria, and the recently characterized l,d-transpeptidases in Gram-negative bacteria.
Recherches sur les arǒmes 13<sup>e</sup> communication [1] Sur 1′ arǒme de café. I (1967)

Abstract The analysis of a coffee concentrate is described: 202 constituents have been identified, 154 of which for the first time. Some of these compounds are new chemicals; their synthesis is described. Most identifications are based upon mass spectrometry combined in many cases with IR. spectrometry and comparison with reference compounds. MS. and IR. data are given in detail. The analysis shows that a large number of minor constituents is present, many of which could not be identified.
Camouflage in Malware: from Encryption to Metamorphism (2012)

Summary Camouflage of malware is a serious challenge for antivirus experts and code analysts. Malware use various techniques to camouflage them to not be easily visible and make their lifetime as longer as possible. Although, camouflage approaches cannot fully stop the analyzing and fighting against the malware, but it make the process of analyzing and detection prolonged, so the malware can get more time to widely spread. It is very important for antivirus technologies to improve their products by shortening the detection procedure, not only at the first time facing with a new threat, but also in the future detections. In this paper, we intend to review the concept of camouflage in malware and its evolution from non-stealth days to modern metamorphism. Moreover, we explore obfuscation techniques exploited by metamorphism, the most recent method in malware camouflage.
Zur elektrophilen Substitution des Benzocyclobutens (1960)

Abstract Die Nitrogruppe tritt in 4‐ und 3‐Stellung des Benzocyclobutens ein. Im letztgenannten Fall öffnet sich der Vierring zwischen 1, 7. Eine Ringsprengung an der gleichen Stelle wird bei‐der Einwirkung von Salzsäure auf 4‐Acetamino‐benzo‐cyclobuten beobachtet. Ausgehend vom 4‐Nitro‐benzocyclobuten wurde über die Amino‐ und Hydroxyverbindung hinweg mit Frémy‐Salz Benzocyclobuten‐ o ‐chinon‐(3.4) dargestellt. Es werden einige Reaktionen mitgeteilt, die mit diesem Strukturvorschlag in Einklang stehen. Zur Erklärung des unsymmetrischen Spaltungsverlaufes wird die Elektronenaffinität des Aromaten im Übergangszustand verantwortlich gemacht.
An improved z-buffer CSG rendering algorithm (1998)

We present an improved z-buffer based CSG rendering algorithm, based on previous techniques using z-buffer parity based surface clipping. We show that while this type of algorithm has been reported as requiring O(n2), (where n is the number of primitives), an O(lcn) (where k is depth complexity) algorithm may be substituted. For cases where k is less than n this translates into a significant performance gain.