gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Parlay API through prototyping (2002)

The desire within the telecommunications world for new and faster business growth has been a major drive towards the development of open network API. Over the past 7 years several (semi) standardization groups have announced work on network API, including TINA-C, JAIN, IEEE P1520, INforum, 3GPP, JAIN, Parlay. The Parlay group seems most successful in attracting industry awareness with their API, called the Parlay API. The rational behind the Parlay API is that it attracts innovation from third parties that are outside the network operator's domain to build and deploy new network-hosted applications. This also means that the public telecommunication network is opened for niche and short-lived applications as well as for applications that possibly integrate telephones with other terminals such as PC. The Parlay group has successfully passed the first two phases of success, namely publishing their API on the right moment in time and attracting a critical mass within the telecommunication industry with their results. Prototyping the API on a real network execution platform is the only way to show its technical feasibility. Such an exercise was executed internally within Lucent Technologies and raised a number of questions as well as recommendations on both the technical and the semantical behavior for systems that will be interconnected via the Parlay API. We share these results, showing the drawbacks and advantages as well as challenges for this API.
Ionic Size (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic SizeKurt H. Stern and Edward S. AmisCite this: Chem. Rev. 1959, 59, 1, 1–64Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50025a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50025a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A randomized trial of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation. (1993)

In this controlled trial, intrapartum EFM, as the primary and only method of intrapartum fetal surveillance, was associated with decreased perinatal mortality due to fetal hypoxia but also with higher rates of surgical intervention for suspected fetal distress.
Zero Voltage Switching isolated boost converter topology (2011)

This paper describes an isolated boost converter topology that was invented and patented by the author in the early 80s' but has not been described in detail in an article before. As this converter has very interesting properties and appears to now be re-invented by others perhaps it is time for a paper to be written on it. This converter is a relatively simple isolated boost converter topology that can operate over a wide input voltage range, achieves Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of the primary side controlled switches over a very wide load range and controlled dI/dT turn off of the output diodes, thus is very efficient and EMI quiet. It also can be realized with integrated magnetics and ripple current steering. This topology was incorporated as two parts of a high voltage Travelling Wave Tube DC/DC converter for communications applications and is suitable for many other applications.
L-Glutamic Acid Formation from Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms (1966)

(1) 天然からスクリーニングした炭化水素資化性菌のうち, L-グルタミン酸生成能の高いSB-4082株について菌学的性質を検討し, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriologyの第7版と比較対照した結果,新菌種と認め, Corynebacterium petrophidum nov. sp.と命名した. (2) 炭化水素資化性のアミノ酸生成株20数株について,炭化水素からのL-グルタミン酸生成能を検討したところ,大半の株が0.1～0.5mg/ml以下の低い生成能であった. (3) SB-4082株を用い,培地中の有機,無機窒素源の影響について検討したところ, C.S.L. 0.01g/dl,無機窒素として尿素の添加がL-グルタミン酸の生成に良好で,このC.S.L量は,菌の最大増殖量以下の量である. (4) SB-4082株を用い, L-グルタミン酸生成に有効な薬剤の選択を行ったところ,ペニシリン(G)の添加が特に有効であった. (5) ペニシリン(G)の添加量,添加時期および培地組成とL-グルタミン酸生成について調べたところ,添加量は25～100単位/mlが好ましく,添加時期の影響は比較的少なく,培地中の有機窒素に富んだ条件が, L-グルタミン酸生成に良好な結果を及ぼすことが判明した. (6) n-飽和炭化水素の炭素数とL-グルタミン酸生成の関係について調べた.菌の生育はnC10～nC17,に検出され,特にnC14～nC17に良好であった.これに対し, L-グルタミン酸の生成量は大体生育に対応して増加し,なかんずく, nC15, nC16, nC17に著量の生成が見出された. (7) 各種基質からのL-グル芽ミン酸生成を検討したところ,不飽和炭化水素のC16i-1から検出され,他の酸,アルコールなどから検出されなかった. (8) 炭化水素からのL-グルタミン酸生成に対するペニシリン効果について,他のスクリーニング株について調べたところ,グラム染色陽性,陰性の細菌ならびにNocardiaに認められ,中でもSB-4112株はnC163.9g/dlから3日培養で13.0mg/mlのL-グルタミン酸を生成蓄積することが検出された. (9) ペニシリン(G)以外の細胞壁合成阻害剤として認められている抗生物質などの中にもL-グルタミン酸生成に効果的なものが選出された. (10) ペニシリン(G)の類似物質により,ペニシリン(G)と同様,炭化水素からのL-グルタミン酸生成に著効を示した.
Assessment of Forchheimer's Equation to Predict the Permeability of Ceramic Foams (1999)

Correct estimation of the pressure drop in filtration processes that involve fluid velocity variations is of major importance, because it allows the filtration rate and/or the energy consumed on fluid flow to be more accurately controlled. Permeability of porous filters has been often described by Forchheimer's equation, which establishes a nonlinear dependence between pressure drop and fluid velocity. Two constants, k 1 and k 2 , dependent only on the medium, quantify the viscous and inertial effects on the pressure drop curve. In this work, experimental data of airflow through 10 pores per linear inch ceramic foam filters are used to show that a single sample may have completely distinct permeability constants depending on the data range chosen for analysis. The Darcian permeability constant k 1 displays higher variation than the non‐Darcian permeability constant k 2 . The conclusion is that special attention must be taken to represent permeability of highly porous structures in a large velocity range. The predictability of Forchheimer's equation generally worsens when less data are included in the curve fitting, particularly at low velocities. Careful consideration should be made if constants k 1 and k 2 are intended to be used for permeability estimation beyond the fitting range.
Study on performance testing of index server developed as ISAPI Extension (2009)

A major concern of most businesses is their ability to meet customers' performance requirements. Correspondingly, in order to ensure the information system to provide service with high quality, it's necessary to test the performance before information system issued. This paper proposes an approach to performance testing of Index Server, which is developed as ISAPI Extension. This paper mainly focuses on a case study that demonstrates the approach to a security updating index server. With avalanche and testing in the test lab, we assessed the performance of the system under both current workloads and those likely to be encountered in the future. In addition, this leds to find out the bottleneck of its performance.
Single polymer composites by partially melting recycled polyamide 6 fibers: Preparation and characterization (2010)

Abstract Recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) cloth was used as the only raw material to prepare single polymer composites (SPC) by partially melting the PA6 fibers. During the process, part of PA6 fibers was melted to fill the gap between the remained fibers at a temperature in the melting temperature range of fibers. The matrix was in situ formed by recrystallization of the molten part and bonded the remained unmolten fibers together with cooling. Effects of a critical parameter, processing temperature (222–228°C), on the partially melting behavior of PA6 fibers and the properties of the resulting SPC were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tensile tests. As a result, at the processing temperature of 226°C, 31% of PA6 fibers were exactly molt to form the matrix and the tensile strength of prepared SPC achieved a maximal value of 138 MPa that was 105% higher than the one of neat PA6. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
International Environmental Problems: Systems Approach Used to Identify Scientific and Political Perceptions and Responses (1973)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how a systems approach can be used to contribute to the identification and solution of environmental problems by governments acting individually and collectively. In approaching complex environmental problems one must be concerned with far more than the sciences of environmental degredation and the technologies of pollution control; one must also understand the problems of development, national priorities and the cultures of the peoples of the world. The huge amount of data submitted for the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was analysed and organized into a meaningful form for decision making by considering the technical, philosophical, ethical, political and emotional issues involved in preserving the environment. Before discussing the details of the analysis, a summary view of the U.N. Conference process will be presented.
<title>Applications of laser direct-write for embedding microelectronics</title> (2007)

The use of direct-write techniques might revolutionize the way microelectronic devices such as interconnects, passives, IC's, antennas, sensors and power sources are designed and fabricated. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a laser-based microfabrication process for direct-writing the materials and components required for the assembly and interconnection of the above devices. This laser direct-write (LDW) technique is capable of operating in subtractive, additive, and transfer mode. In subtractive mode, the system operates as a laser micromachining workstation capable of achieving precise depth and surface roughness control. In additive mode, the system utilizes a laser-forward transfer process for the deposition of metals, oxides, polymers and composites under ambient conditions onto virtually any type of surface, thus functioning as a laser printer for patterns of electronic materials. Furthermore, in transfer mode, the system is capable of transferring individual devices, such as semiconductor bare die or surface mount devices, inside a trench or recess in a substrate, thus performing the same function of the pick-and-place machines used in circuit board manufacture. The use of this technique is ideally suited for the rapid prototyping of embedded microelectronic components and systems while allowing the overall circuit design and layout to be easily modified or adapted to any specific application or form factor. This paper describes the laser direct-write process as applied to the forward transfer of microelectronic devices.
Electrochemical Corrosion Of Steels In Distillery Effluent (2017)

The present work relates to the corrosivity of distillery effluent and corrosion performance of mild steel and stainless steels SS304L, SS316L, and 2205. The report presents the results and conclusions drawn on the basis of (i) electrochemical polarization tests performed in distillery effluent and laboratory prepared solutions having composition similar to that of the effluent (ii) the surface examination by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the corroded steel samples. It is observed that pH and presence of chloride, phosphate, calcium, nitrite and nitrate in distillery effluent enhance corrosion, whereas presence of sulphate and potassium inhibits corrosion. Among the materials tested, mild steel is observed to experience maximum corrosion followed by stainless steels SS304L, SS316L, and 2205.
OPTIMAL OPERATION OF A DIVIDED-WALL COLUMN WITH LOCAL OPERATING CONDITION CHANGES (2015)

The aim of this paper is optimal operation of a divided-wall column (DWC) based on self-optimizing control (SOC). By now, the proposed SOC methods have been based on linearization of the process. The novelty of this paper is to overcome this shortcoming of the local optimality of SOC. Theoretically, changes in optimal sensitivity matrix from nominal design, due to changes in operating condition, make SOC deviate from steady state optimality. These deviations from optimal operation, in already available SOC structures, have to be counteracted by optimization layer in the control structure hierarchy which involves solving a large nonlinear optimization problem online. The proposed method in this paper solves this problem with modeling optimal sensitivity matrix with Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference. This fuzzy inference system is tuned offline. The proposed method is dynamically validated and compared with conventional SOC. The results showed that conventional SOC had high value of loss and deviated from optimal operation. However, in the same operating condition, the proposed method with the aid of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system, which involves online calculation of weighted average of some linear function, imposed small loss, made DWC track optimal trajectory and removed the need for online solving large nonlinear optimization problem.
Ultrastructure and function of hepatic fat‐storing and pit cells (1990)

The present paper reviews the literature on the ultrastructure and function of sinusoidal fat-storing cells and pit cells in the mammalian liver. Ultrastructurally, fat-storing cells are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic fat droplets, well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum; a Golgi complex; multivesicular bodies; one or two centrioles; and few, rather small, lysosomes. These lysosomes are sometimes associated with fat droplets. Fat-storing cells may bear a cilium and project characteristic cytoplasmic processes into the space of Disse. These processes contain microtubules and filaments. Fat-storing cells are the main storage site of retinol esters in the mammalian body. Moreover, these cells have the potential of synthesizing several connective tissue components including the collagens type I, III, and IV; fibronectin; laminin; heparan sulfate; chondroitin sulfate; and dermatan sulfate. Pit cells are polarized cells, with most organelles localized at one site of the nucleus near the cytocentre. They are characterized electron microscopically by the presence of dense cytoplasmic granules with a specific ultrastructure, by rod-cored vesicles, and by multivesicular bodies. It has recently been shown that pit cells have natural killer activity to certain tumor cells and have many features in common with large granular lymphocytes. They therefore may act in the liver as a first line of defense against neoplasia, metastasis, and viral infections.
Identification and Cloning of Prs a 1, a 32-kDa Endochitinase and Major Allergen of Avocado, and Its Expression in the Yeast Pichia pastoris (1998)

Avocado, the fruit of the tropical tree Persea americana, is a source of allergens that can elicit diverse IgE-mediated reactions including anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. We characterized a 32-kDa major avocado allergen, Prs a 1, which is recognized by 15 out of 20 avocado- and/or latex-allergic patients. Natural Prs a 1 was purified, and its N-terminal and two tryptic peptide sequences were determined. We isolated the Prs a 1 encoding cDNA by PCR using degenerate primers and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The Prs a 1 cDNA coded for an endochitinase of 326 amino acids with a leader peptide of 25 amino acids. We expressed Prs a 1 in the yeast Pichia pastoris at 50 mg/liter of culture medium. The recombinant Prs a 1 showed endochitinase activity, inhibited growth and branching of Fusarium oxysporum hyphae, and possessed IgE binding capacity. IgE cross-reactivity with latex proteins including a 20-kDa allergen, most likely prohevein, was demonstrated, providing an explanation for the commonly observed cross-sensitization between avocado and latex proteins. Sequence comparison showed that Prs a 1 and prohevein had 70% similarity in their chitin-binding domains. Characterization of chitinases as allergens has implications for engineering transgenic crops with increased levels of chitinases.
Application of iterative and non-stationary smoothing filters for statistical noise reduction in nuclear medicine (1998)

A new method for the enhancement of smoothing filters has been developed. It is an iterative and non-stationary (INS) process by which averaging is limited only to pixels that are 'statistically consistent' with the central pixel of the filter window. Adjustment of filter performance is achieved by the iterative calculation of filtered data variance. INS versions of the 25-point weighted and Butterworth filters have been validated and compared with their classical stationary versions using a numerical phantom and clinical data. The iterative procedure converges well after two or three iterations and produces more smoothing without any loss of contrast or resolution. Qualitative and quantitative results show that, unlike the stationary versions, the INS versions of the filters do not impede the detection of small or low-contrast objects and do preserve the contours of anatomical structures. In 99Tcm myocardial single photon emission tomography, the INS version of the Butterworth filter can be used with the same order and critical frequency, whether data have been recorded at rest (data with a high level of noise) or at stress (data with a low level of noise). In conclusion, INS filters enable noise reduction while maintaining contrast and resolution in filtered images. The procedure can be easily applied to any smoothing filter.
Metformin Restores CNS Remyelination Capacity by Rejuvenating Aged Stem Cells (2019)

The age-related failure to produce oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is associated with irreversible neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, regenerative approaches have significant potential for treating chronic demyelinating diseases. Here, we show that the differentiation potential of adult rodent OPCs decreases with age. Aged OPCs become unresponsive to pro-differentiation signals, suggesting intrinsic constraints on therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing OPC differentiation. This decline in functional capacity is associated with hallmarks of cellular aging, including decreased metabolic function and increased DNA damage. Fasting or treatment with metformin can reverse these changes and restore the regenerative capacity of aged OPCs, improving remyelination in aged animals following focal demyelination. Aged OPCs treated with metformin regain responsiveness to pro-differentiation signals, suggesting synergistic effects of rejuvenation and pro-differentiation therapies. These findings provide insight into aging-associated remyelination failure and suggest therapeutic interventions for reversing such declines in chronic disease.
Commodity (2018)

Anthropologists often write about commodities in somewhat different ways and contrast commodities to different things. Underlying these differences is a common conception of commodities as things that are relatively impersonal, but different approaches define that impersonality differently and focus on different bases for it. These differences reflect three approaches. The first, and oldest, focuses on production and sees commodities as relatively impersonal with regard to the maker. The second approach focuses on circulation and sees commodities as relatively impersonal with regard to those who transact them. The third approach is different, for it is concerned with commodity as a cultural category and is concerned with what it is that people see as impersonal commodities.
A Secreted Proform of Neutrophil Proteinase 3 Regulates the Proliferation of Granulopoietic Progenitor Cells (1999)

Myeloid leukemia cells, the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, and a subpopulation of normal marrow cells produce a leukemia-associated inhibitor (LAI) that reversibly downmodulates DNA synthesis of normal granulopoietic progenitor cells colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM). We isolated an active 125-kD component of LAI from HL-60 conditioned medium (CM), subjected it to cyanogen bromide cleavage and show by amino acid sequencing of the resulting peptides that it consists of a complex of the serine proteinase inhibitor 1-antitrypsin and a 31-kD fragment that retained the S-phase inhibitory activity, but resisted sequencing. This finding suggested that the 31-kD fragment originated from one of the neutrophil serine proteases (ie, elastase, proteinase 3, or cathepsin G) produced by normal promyelocytes, as well as HL-60 cells, for storage in primary granules and partly secreted during synthesis as enzymatically inactive proforms. Immunoblot analysis showed that the 125-kD complex contained proteinase 3 (PR3), and immunoprecipitation of PR3 from HL-60 CM abrogated the S-phase inhibitory activity, whereas immunoprecipitation of cathepsin G or elastase did not. Immunoprecipitation of PR3 from CM of a subpopulation of normal marrow cells also abrogated the S-phase inhibitory effect. Furthermore, CM from rat RBL and murine 32D cell lines transfected with human PR3 both reduced the fraction of CFU-GM in S-phase with 30% to 80% at 1 to 35 ng/mL PR3, whereas CM of the same cells transfected with cathepsin G or elastase did not. Also, an enzymatically silent mutant of PR3 exerted full activity, showing that the S-phase modulatory effect is not dependent on proteolytic activity. Amino acid sequencing of biosynthetically radiolabeled PR3 showed that PR3 from transfected cells is secreted after synthesis as proforms retaining amino terminal propeptides. In contrast, mature PR3 extracted from mature neutrophils has only minor activity. The inhibitory effect of secreted PR3 is reversible and abrogated by granulocyte (G)- or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Experiments with highly purified CD34+ bone marrow cells suggested that PR3 acts directly on the granulopoietic progenitor cells. These observations suggest a role for PR3 in regulation of granulopoiesis, and possibly in suppression of normal granulopoiesis in leukemia.
Unified passivity-based Cartesian force/impedance control for rigid and flexible joint robots via task-energy tanks (2015)

In this paper we propose a novel hybrid Cartesian force/impedance controller that is equipped with energy tanks to preserve passivity. Our approach overcomes the problems of (hybrid) force control, impedance control, and set-point based indirect force control. It allows accurate force tracking, full compliant impedance behavior, and safe contact resemblance simultaneously by introducing a controller shaping function that robustly handles unexpected contact loss and avoids chattering behavior that switching based approaches suffer from. Furthermore, we propose a constructive way of initiating the energy tanks via the concept of task energy. This represents an estimate of the energy consumption of a given force control task prior to execution. The controller can be applied to both rigid body and flexible joint dynamics. To show the validity of our approach, several simulations and experiments with the KUKA/DLR LWR-III are carried out.