gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver cell cultures and their utilization for hepatocarcinogenesis (1991)

Our recent studies on cultures of human and animal liver cells and on hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro are summarized. Two types of cells can be obtained in the culture of rat liver cells; mature hepatocellular and small epithelial. The latter type of cells seems to originate from putative immature hepatic or cholangiolar stem cells. Functional hepatocytes from adult rats can be maintained in the long-term primary culture by addition of barbituric acid derivatives, such as phenobarbital. Rat liver epithelial cell lines require long-term treatment with an azo dye 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene to be malignantly transformed. Primary cultured liver cells from adult rats can be transformed by short-term treatment with the azo dye, and be promoted further to malignant state by treatment with phenobarbital. Functional hepatocytes from human embryos can be maintained on a collagen gel in the presence of hydrocortisone for a long-term period in primary culture. Human embryo hepatocytes can be immortalized by transfection of a recombinant DNA containing SV40T-antigen gene. Two human cell lines (HuH-6 clone 5 and HuH-7) which maintain a number of liver-specific functions in culture have been established from hepatoblastoma and hepatoma, respectively.
Modelling and predicting User Engagement in mobile applications (2019)

The mobile ecosystem is dramatically growing towards an unprecedented scale, with an extremely crowded market and fierce competition among app developers. Today, keeping users engaged with a mobile app is key for its success since users can remain active consumers of services and/or producers of new contents. However, users may abandon a mobile app at any time due to various reasons, e.g., the success of competing apps, decrease of interest in the provided services, etc. In this context, predicting when a user may get disengaged from an app is an invaluable resource for developers, creating the opportunity to apply intervention strategies aiming at recovering from disengagement (e.g., sending push notifications with new contents).In this study, we aim at providing evidence that predicting when mobile app users get disengaged is possible with a good level of accuracy. Specifically, we propose, apply, and evaluate a framework to model and predict User Engagement (UE) in mobile applications via different numerical models. The proposed framework is composed of an optimized agglomerative hierarchical clustering model coupled to (i) a Cox proportional hazards, (ii) a negative binomial, (iii) a random forest, and (iv) a boosted-tree model. The proposed framework is empirically validated by means of a year-long observational dataset collected from a real deployment of a waste recycling app. Our results show that in this context the optimized clustering model classifies users adequately and improves UE predictability for all numerical models. Also, the highest levels of prediction accuracy and robustness are obtained by applying either the random forest classifier or the boosted-tree algorithm.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Root Cause Analysis in Mobile Networks (2020)

Telecommunication networks are designed for high reliability; however, when they do fail, it is difficult to detect and diagnose problems in a timely manner as the networks are characteristically complex and the problems may be subtle rather than catastrophic. Within the overall objective of network anomaly detection, the focus of this paper is on three aspects: Dimensionality reduction through feature selection to determine the minimum set of features that provide the most information regarding the network state; the application of the multivariate unsupervised learning technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to detect anomalies with low detection latency; and root cause analyses using finite state machines. For anomaly detection, we apply PCA on the normal data, and find the subspace where the variation of the normal data is small. By characterizing the variation of the normal data in the subspace, we derive a boundary of the normal data, and develop an anomaly detection model based on it. Once the anomalies are detected, we compare the message patterns of the anomaly data to those of the normal data to determine where the problems are occurring. Moreover, we examine the error codes in the anomaly data to better understand the underlying problems. The algorithms are developed and tested with Per Call Measurement Data (PCMD) records from a 4G-LTE network. The impact of our work is the proactive detection and root cause analysis of network anomalies in mobile networks, thereby improving network reliability and availability.
Navigating the cell: how motors function <i>in vivo</i> (2014)

The Company of Biologists Workshop entitled 'Navigating the Cell: How Motors Function in vivo' was held in March 2014 at Wiston House in Steyning, West Sussex, UK. The meeting was an opportunity for a diverse group of experts in the biology and physics of cytoskeletal dynamics, and molecular motors to come together in a setting that promoted scientific interactions and the development of new collaborations. Here, we summarize the highlights of the meeting, one of which was the unique organizational principle that promoted cross-fertilization of ideas and approaches among the participants.
Effects of Stilbestrol and Testosterone Pellets Implanted into Growing-Fattening Pigs (1951)

The effects of implanting pellets of stilbestrol and testosterone subcutaneously were studied with 42 growing-fattening pigs. Two lots of seven pigs each were assigned to each experimental group—control, testosterone implanted, and stilbestrol implanted. The implantations were made at the beginning of the experiment and 12 weeks later. The pigs averaged 43 pounds at the start of the experiment and were slaughtered as they reached 210 pounds. The following characteristics were studied: average daily gain, feed per 100 pounds gain, daily feed consumption, dressing percentage, length of carcass, weight of regular ham, percent of external fat in the regular ham, eye muscle measurement, fat back thickness, length of femur, specific gravity of the femur, weight of leaf fat, and seediness of the fresh belly. Of these characteristics, seediness of the belly in the stilbestrol group is the only one that showed a significant deviation from the control. The reproductive organs of the treated pigs showed definite evidence of hormonal stimulation.
Nanoinsulators and nanoconnectors for optical nanocircuits (2008)

Following our recent idea of using plasmonic and nonplasmonic nanoparticles as nanoinductors and nanocapacitors in the infrared and optical domains [N. Engheta et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 95, 095504 (2005)], in this work we analyze in detail some complex circuit configurations involving series and parallel combinations of these lumped nanocircuit elements at optical frequencies. Using numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that, after a proper design, the behavior of these nanoelements may closely mimic that of their lower-frequency [i.e., radio frequency (rf) and microwave] counterparts, even in relatively complex configurations. In addition, we analyze here in detail the concepts of nanoinsulators and nanoconnectors in the optical domain, demonstrating how these components may be crucial in minimizing the coupling between adjacent optical nanocircuit elements and in properly connecting different branches of the nanocircuit. The unit nanomodules for lumped nanoelements are introduced as building blocks for more complex nanocircuits at optical frequencies. Numerical simulations of some complex circuit scenarios considering the frequency response of these nanocircuits are presented and discussed in detail, showing how practical applications of such optical nanocircuit concepts may indeed be feasible within the current limits of nanotechnology.
Effects of inhaled dry powder ipratropium bromide on recovery from exercise of horses with COPD (1999)

The present study evaluated ventilatory, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters during recovery from strenuous exercise in horses suffering from a crisis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine whether ipratropium dry powder inhalation (DPI) before exercise has an effect on these parameters. When 6 saddle horses, affected with COPD, developed airway obstruction, they inhaled placebo and ipratropium (2400 microg/horse), the order being randomly chosen. Pulmonary function tests were then recorded 15 min after inhalation. Following these tests, the horses underwent a strenuous treadmill exercise, followed by a recovery period that consisted of a 10 min walk. Measurements were made at the first and tenth min of recovery. Respiratory flow, O2 and CO2 fractions in the respired gas, pleural pressure changes and heart rate were recorded. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were analysed for gas tensions, haemoglobin and plasma lactate concentrations. Oxygen consumption (VO2), CO2 production, tidal volume, alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2), alveolar ventilation, the alveolar-pulmonary capillary oxygen difference ((A-a)dO2) and total pulmonary resistance (RL) were measured. The PAO2 was the only parameter significantly improved during recovery following ipratropium DPI. This improvement was not accompanied by evidence of improvement of other ventilatory or cardiorespiratory parameters. The results showed that in horses suffering from a crisis of COPD, recovery is characterised by an exercise-induced bronchodilation. Secondly, ipratropium DPI at a dose of 2400 microg/horse is an effective bronchodilator in these horses at rest but it has little effect on the airway calibre during the recovery period. It is suggested that the short term recovery period is still influenced by exercise-induced adjustments that may exceed the bronchodilatory effect of inhaled ipratropium that are observed before exercise.
Abstract 2010: Development of a cytotoxic peptide based on the C-terminal domain of Bax (2012)

Abstract The Bcl-2 family proteins maintain the balance of life and death in a cell. Bax, a pro-apoptotic member, translocates to the mitochondrial membrane in response to diverse death stimuli, initiating a cascade of programmed events that lead to cell death. Tumor progression involves deregulation of this process, in part, through mutations that cause aberrant expression of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family that normally sequester and inhibit Bax. This study seeks to identify functional domains of Bax that can be developed into therapeutic peptides to promote the death of cancer cells resistant to existing chemotherapeutics. Our goal was to generate a peptide, much like antimicrobial peptides, that could target and disrupt mitochondrial membranes. To this end, we discovered that the C-terminal, alpha-9 helix of Bax (CT20), when tagged to EGFP or a destabilization domain (DD), could bind mitochondria and cause cell death, mimicking the activity of full-length Bax. Cell death was measured by morphological changes, such as membrane blebbing, as well as DNA fragmentation. Targeted mutagenesis of two adjacent lysines at the carboxyl end of the CT20 peptide demonstrated that these residues enabled mitochondrial membrane association. Expression of the CT20 peptide in the presence or absence of endogenous Bax resulted in cytotoxicity, indicating that the death mechanism engaged could function independently of the Bcl-2 family. These findings suggest the CT20 peptide has the potential to be developed into a viable therapeutic agent in the treatment of a broad range of cancer types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2010. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2010
Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration (2009)

Boron plays important roles in many life processes including embryogenesis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function and psychomotor skills. Thus, the delivery of boron by the degradation of borate glass is of special interest in biomedical applications. However, the cytotoxicity of borate glass which arises with the rapid release of boron has to be carefully considered. In this study, it was found that the incorporation of strontium into borate glass can not only moderate the rapid release of boron, but also induce the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2, thus significantly increasing the cyto-compatibility of borate glass. The formation of multilayers of apatite with porous structure indicates that complete degradation is optimistic, and the spread of SaOS-2 covered by apatite to form a sandwich structure may induce bone-like tissue formation at earlier stages. Therefore, such novel strontium-incorporated borosilicate may act as a new generation of biomaterial for bone regeneration, which not only renders boron as a nutritious element for bone health, but also delivers strontium to stimulate formation of new bones.
Tutorial 21 wavelet transform: a mathematical tool for non-stationary signal processing in measurement science part 2 in a series of tutorials in instrumentation and measurement (2009)

Signal transformation is a mathematical tool commonly applied in signal processing. It maps a mathematical function or a physical signal from one domain into another to reveal information embedded within the original function or signal that may not be obvious otherwise.
An ABC of apolipoprotein C-III: a clinically useful new cardiovascular risk factor? (2008)

Targeting apoC-III metabolism may therefore be an important, new therapeutic approach to managing dyslipidaemia and CHD risk in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further work is required to establish the practical aspects of measuring apoC-III in routine laboratory service and the precise therapeutic targets for serum total apoC-III and/or apoC-III in apoB-containing lipoproteins. While showing much promise as a potentially useful cardiovascular risk factor, apoC-III is not yet ready for prime time use in clinical practice.
A data puncturing IR-scheme for type-II hybrid ARQ protocols using LDPC codes (2005)

We present a data puncturing (DP) type-II hybrid ARQ protocol with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Incremental redundancy is created from punctured versions of the original data using the same encoder/decoder hardware. Thus, parts of the initially received data can be gradually improved until successful decoding of the entire code is possible. In comparison to a rate-compatible (RC) type-II hybrid ARQ scheme, a much higher rate LDPC code can be used for encoding/decoding. The proposed approach combines low hardware overhead with high worst case decoding performance. This combination has not been achieved with other schemes so far. The principle is therefore especially suitable for mobile applications. Further, performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms a type-III HARQ protocol with diversity combining in terms of data throughput.
Using complexity metrics to improve software security (2013)

Information technology is quickly spreading across critical infrastructures and software has become an inevitable part of industries and organisations. At the same time, many cyberthreats are the result of poor software coding. Stuxnet, which was the most powerful cyber-weapon used against industrial control systems, exploited zero-day vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows.1 The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) also announced that software vulnerabilities are among the three most common cyber-security vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs).2 Therefore, improving software security has an important role in increasing the security level of computer-based systems. Software vulnerability prediction is a tedious task, so automating vulnerability prediction would save a lot of time and resources. One recently used methodology in vulnerability prediction is based on automatic fault prediction using software metrics. Here, Sara Moshtari, Ashkan Sami and Mahdi Azimi of Shiraz University, Iran build on previous studies by providing more complete vulnerability information. They show what can be achieved using different classification techniques and more complete vulnerability information.
Sulfonated polyaniline films as cation insertion electrodes for battery applications. Part 1.—Structural and electrochemical characterization (1994)

Sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) was synthesized by sulfonation of polyaniline (PANI) base with fuming sulfuric acid. Thin films were cast from polymer solutions in basic media. The polymer films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry. XPS in combination with FTIR showed that the preparation procedure led to ca. 47% sulfonation of an otherwise unchanged polyaniline backbone. The NIR spectra of SPAN films showed a polaron band at higher energies than with polyaniline. This is in agreement with the lower conductivity of SPAN as compared with polyaniline. SEM micrographs of the SPAN films showed a compact globular morphology. Electrodes modified with thin SPAN films exhibited two redox steps, both in aqueous and in non-aqueous electrolytes. The specific charge stored in SPAN films was found to be ca. 37 A h kg–1 in aqueous solution (only the first redox step) and ca. 68 A h kg–1 in non-aqueous media (both redox steps). A practical SPAN–Li battery could have 50% more specific energy than a PANI–Li battery. The optical spectra of SPAN films exhibited bands at 310, 450 and 750 nm, the intensities of which changed during the redox process. The absorption coefficients of SPAN (emeraldine base state) solutions had values of a= 410 at 313 nm and a= 239 at 563 nm. The suitability of SPAN for use as a cation-insertion material for battery and electrochromic applications is discussed.
A fully automatic and multi-structural segmentation of the left ventricle and the myocardium on highly heterogeneous 2D echocardiographic data (2017)

Although 3D ultrasound plays an increasingly important role, 2D echocardiography remains the main clinical imaging modality for cardiac function assessment in daily practice. This requires precise delineation of the myocardium at end diastole (ED) and systole (ES). Because of intrinsic high variability in image quality, manual interactions are still needed. In this study, we investigate a machine learning solution to fully automate the segmentation of the myocardium on heterogeneous dataset.
Self-timed ring for globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous systems (2003)

The lack of proven mechanisms for transferring data between multiple synchronous islands has been a major impediment for applying globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) techniques to SoC design. We have implemented on a VLSI test chip three alternative solutions to fill the gap: an arbitrated bus, a switch, and a self-timed ring. Circuit details and various extensions of the basic ring structure are also being discussed. These include bypassing ring transceivers to free the local islands from managing en route traffic and transceivers that inform the sender in case a defective receiver is unable to accept a data item. This is indispensable to prevent any deadlocks. For a ring with five nodes a total data throughput of 520 MegaDataPackets/s was achieved.
Longitudinal Clinical Course Following Pharmacological Treatment of Methamphetamine Psychosis Which Persists after Long‐Term Abstinence (2006)

The present article investigated clinical symptoms and their longitudinal clinical course following pharmacological treatment in 32 female incarcerated patients suffering from methamphetamine (METH) psychosis who were referred to psychiatric consultation. The length of METH-abuse periods of the patients ranged from 2 to 31 years. A total of 31 patients suffered from psychosis at abstinence after 5-31 months from the self-injection of METH. Nine of these 31 patients experienced episodes of psychotic relapse. The following symptoms were observed: auditory hallucination (29 cases), delusion of persecution (29 cases), thought broadcasting (24 cases), visual hallucination (22 cases), depressive mood (29 cases), and suicidal idea (22 cases). Patients exhibited symptoms of psychosis and depression, which persisted for more than several months despite commencement of administration of antipsychotics and antidepressants. There were significant correlations among length of periods required for improvement in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores, and BPRS subscale scores representing positive symptoms and depression/anxiety dimensions. Three groups of patients, according to severity of positive and depressive/anxiety symptoms, showed apparent differences in prognoses during pharmacological treatment. Average degree of extrapyramidal symptoms significantly correlated with average daily dose of antipsychotics and length-of-treatment period required for improvement in BPRS subscale scores representing positive symptom dimension. These results suggest that both psychotic and affective symptoms are involved in therapeutic response and prognosis of METH psychosis.
Palladium Homogeneous and Supported Catalysis: Synthesis of Functional Acetylenics and Cyclisation to Heterocycles (1989)

Par reaction de composes acetyleniques avec des composes benzeniques fonctionnalises orthohalogenes, obtention de composes ortho-alcyne-1' yl correspondants; cyclisation en benzopyrannes, -furannes -indoles et cinnolines
Dot Matrix LCD Module for Graphic Display (64 x 320 dots) (1982)

The Graphic Dot Matrix LCD Module consisting of a super large area twisted nematic LCD of 64 x 320 dots and its driving circuit is described. This new graphic module can display not only graphic patterns but also 8 x 40 characters with 8 x 8 dot format scanned by two lines at a time method of duty 1/32 driving. The driving circuit is assembled into a compact package of 246(W) x 79(H) x 25.8(D) mm using driver LSIs, a control circuit, a temperature compensation circuit and an interface circuit, semi-compatible to a CRT display. The dot dimensions are also carefully designed to achieve optimum readability and visibility.
Shear mode resonators based on aluminum nitride round membranes with a ring-shaped electrode (2013)

We report a novel shear mode resonator excited by lateral field using an AlN/SiN membrane structure, for mass sensing applications. The shear acoustic wave was clearly observed using a ring-shaped electrode structure on a round membrane made of a very low stress (~ 50 MPa) and very thin (~ 970 nm) AlN film. A significant frequency shift (around 7 MHz) generated when dropping particles as loading masses on the surface of the devices, was measured, demonstrating the potential of these devices for mass sensing applications.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Glucagon Receptor Improve Glucose Homeostasis by Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Output in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2012)

A novel human monoclonal GCGR antibody, NPB112, effectively lowered the glucose level in diabetic animal models with mild and reversible hyperglucagonemia. Suppression of excess HGP with NPB112 may be a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.