gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commissioning and quality assurance of an optically guided three‐dimensional ultrasound target localization system for radiotherapy (2002)

Recently, there has been proliferation of image-guided positioning systems for high-precision radiation therapy, with little attention given to quality assurance procedures for such systems. To ensure accurate treatment delivery, errors in the imaging, localization, and treatment delivery processes must be systematically analyzed. This paper details acceptance tests for an optically guided three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound system used for patient localization. While all tests were performed using the same commercial system, the general philosophy and procedures are applicable to all systems utilizing image guidance. Determination of absolute localization accuracy requires a consistent stereotactic, or three-dimensional, coordinate system in the treatment planning system and the treatment vault. We established such a coordinate system using optical guidance. The accuracy of this system for localization of spherical targets imbedded in a phantom at depths ranging from 3 to 13 cm was determined to be (average +/- standard deviation) AP = 0.2 +/- 0.7 mm, Lat = 0.9 +/- 0.6 mm, Ax = 0.6 +/- 1.0 mm. In order to test the ability of the optically guided 3D ultrasound localization system to determine the magnitude of an internal organ shift with respect to the treatment isocenter, a phantom that closely mimics the typical human male pelvic anatomy was used. A CT scan of the phantom was acquired, and the regions of interest were contoured. With the phantom on the treatment couch, optical guidance was used to determine the positions of each organ to within imaging uncertainty, and to align the phantom so the plan and treatment machine coordinates coincided. To simulate a clinical misalignment of the treatment target, the phantom was then shifted by different precise offsets, and an experimenter blind to the offsets used ultrasound guidance to determine the magnitude of the shifts. On average, the magnitude of the shifts could be determined to within 1.0 mm along each axis.
Troponin C–Mediated Calcium Sensitization Induced by Levosimendan Does Not Impair Relaxation (1995)

Levosimendan is a novel positive inotropic drug targeted to increase contraction force of the heart through its calcium-dependent binding to troponin C (cTnC). We investigated the calcium-sensitizing effect of levosimendan on contractile proteins as well as its positive inotropic and lusitropic effects in paced guinea pig papillary muscle. We also studied the effect on energy consumption of myosin-actin crossbridges in a myosin ATPase assay. The calcium sensitization induced by levosimendan in fibers skinned with saponin was dependent on the perforation velocity of cell membranes. Levosimendan was almost ineffective in slowly perforated fibers, but was the most potent calcium sensitizer in fibers with rapidly perforated cells. The perforation-dependent calcium sensitization was probably due to changes in phosphorylation state of contractile proteins during the slow dissection of fibers. It is noteworthy that the calcium-sensitizing effect of levosimendan was not affected by acidic pH. Levosimendan at therapeutically relevant (0.3-10 microM) concentrations markedly increased calcium sensitivity both at pH 6.7 and 7.0, being more potent than EMD 53998, pimobendan, and MCI-154. The lack of effect of levosimendan on maximum tension supports the hypothesis that levosimendan increases calcium sensitivity through its action on cTnC. Unlike EMD 53998, levosimendan did not increase myosin ATPase activity, indicating that it did not increase the cycling rate of myosinactin crossbridges. In paced papillary muscles, levosimendan induced positive inotropic effect without changing relaxation time. Thus, levosimendan was devoid of the main negative factors described for calcium sensitizers.
Suturing Over Racial Difference: Problems for a Colorblind Approach in a Visual Culture (2012)

The 1990s have been a time of intensive scholarly activity around the problem of race. If postcolonial and African-American studies have contributed significant analyses and histories of racism to the field, the end of the millennium has spurred an acceleration toward extremes, compelling varied attempts to purge society of its abuses or, more violently, of its diverse ethnicities themselves. A pronounced gap remains between our psychoanaltyic understandings of racism, in the works of Homi Bhabha, Hortense Spillers, Sander Gilman, et. al., and the broader social struggle in the U.S. to come to terms with historically entrenched oppositions between black and white, colored and invisible. While recent discussions of our culturally diverse society have taken race and ethnic studies toward a highly complex awareness of the multiply determined identities that constitute ethnic identity, in many quarters the press has accepted the post-affirmative action wave, with its less than subtle elisions of race and its claim to colorblindness in hiring, housing, and education.1 Crucially, then, we should be attending to the interstices of scholarly concern and social opinion, looking for places where cultural forms are being used to explore the unconscious impetuses, the fears and social fantasies, that provoke such radical vacillations as we now witness.
High Throughput Parallel Decoding Method for H.264/AVC CAVLC (2009)

A high throughput parallel decoding method is developed for context-based adaptive variable length codes. In this paper, several new design ideas are devised and implemented for scalable parallel processing, a reduction in area, and a reduction in power requirements. First, simplified logical operations instead of memory lookups are used for parallel processing. Second, the codes are grouped based on their lengths for efficient logical operation. Third, up to M bits of the input stream can be analyzed simultaneously. For comparison, we designed a logical-operation-based parallel decoder for M=8 and a conventional parallel decoder. High-speed parallel decoding becomes possible with our method. In addition, for similar decoding rates (1.57 codes/cycle for M=8), our new approach uses 46% less chip area than the conventional method.
Performance of complex noise transfer functions in bandpass and multi band sigma delta systems (2002)

The use of complex noise transfer functions for bandpass sigma delta modulation is described and compared with real transfer functions. For bandpass signals centered at higher frequencies, the use of complex noise transfer functions (NTFs) allows performance improvements over a modulator of the same order using real transfer functions. Results are presented that show the performance improvement possible using complex second order modulators.
APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS IN EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION (1986)

This paper presents a direct method for fuzzy recognition of earthquake precursors and a method of fuzzy clustering analysis of temporal seismicity patterns for earthquake prediction. The direct method for fuzzy recognition of earthquake precursors is based on their fuzzy description by use of membership functions. If we use a suitable membership function, the abnormal features of a precursor can be more clearly recognized. The membership function proposed by Feng et al.. in 1981 is applied to reported changes in VP/VS, resistivity, and radon content. The basic idea of application of fuzzy clustering analysis to earthquake prediction is that time intervals with different sizes of the largest earthquake can be classified on the basis of fuzzy similar relations according to the various kinds of statistical indices of seismicity. The method based on the fuzzy equivalent relation includes the following steps: obtaining a fuzzy resemblance relation between samples, transforming it into a fuzzy equivalent relation, and classifying the original samples. The statistical indices of seismicity used by Feng et al. in 1984 is employed for clustering analysis of seismicity in the North-South Seismic Belt of China.
Artificial Intelligent Logs for Formation Evaluation Using Case Studies in Gulf of Mexico and Trinidad & Tobago (2019)

Abstract Borehole-log data acquisition accounts for a significant proportion of exploration, appraisal and field development costs. As part of Shell technical competitive scoping, there is an ambition to increase formation evaluation value of information by leveraging drilling and mudlogging data, which traditionally often used in petrophysical or reservoir modelling workflow. Often data acquisition and formation evaluation for the shallow hole sections (or overburden) are incomplete. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) and/or wireline log data coverage is restricted to mostly GR, RES and mud log information and the quality of the logs varied depending on the vendor companies or year of the acquisition. In addition, reservoir characterization logs typically covered only the final few thousand feet of the wellbore thus preventing a full quantitative petrophysical, geomechanical, geological correlation and geophysical modelling, which caused limited understanding of overburden sections in the drilled locations and geohazards risls assessment. Use of neural networks (NN) to predict logs is a well-known in Petrophysic discipline and has often used technology since more than last 10 years. However, the NN model seldon utilized the drilling and mudlogging data (due to lack of calibration and inconsistency) and up until now the industry usually used to predict a synthetic log or fill gaps in a log. With the collaboration between Shell and Quantico, the project team develops a plug-in based on a novel artificial intelligence (AI) logs workflow using neural-network to generate synthetic/AI logs from offset wells logs data, drilling and mudlogging data. The AI logs workflow is trialled in Shell Trinidad & Tobago and Gulf of Mexicooffshore fields. The results of this study indicate the neural network model provides data comparable to that from conventional logging tools over the study area. When comparing the resulting synthetic logs with measured logs, the range of variance is within the expected variance of repeat runs of a conventional logging tool. Cross plots of synthetic versus measured logs indicate a high density of points centralized about the one-to-one line, indicating a robust model with no systematic biases. The QLog approach provides several potential benefits. These include a common framework for producing DTC, DTS, NEU and RHOB logs in one pass from a standard set of drilling, LWD and survey parameters. Since this framework ties together drilling, formation evaluation and geophysical data, the artificial intelligence enhances and possibly enables other petrophysical/QI/rock property analysis that including seismic inversion, high resolution logs, log QC/editing, real-time LWD, drilling optimization and others.
Mast cell leukemia: identification of a new <i>c‐Kit</i> mutation, dup(501‐502), and response to masitinib, a c‐Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2012)

This case highlights the importance of sequencing all c-Kit exons when the classical D816V c-Kit mutation is not found, even in adults with SM. It also indicates that masitinib may be safe and effective for the treatment for some mast cell leukemia.
A computer-based system for validation of thermal models for multichip power modules (2003)

This paper presents a computer-based system for experimental validation and calibration of thermal models for multi-chip power electronic modules. The thermal models under study are based on the thermal component network. The paper describes the basic system features and experimental set up as well as experimental results. Calibration results show good performance for the proposed models.
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Itraconazole: An Overview (1989)

Itraconazole (R 51211) is the prototype of a class of triazole antifungals characterized by a high lipophilicity. This property determines to a large extent the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and differentiates it from the hydrophilic triazole antifungal fluconazole. The pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in man are characterized by a good oral absorption, an extensive tissue distribution with tissue concentrations many times higher than in plasma, a relatively long elimination half-life of about one day and a biotransformation into a large number of metabolites. One of them, hydroxy-itraconazole, is antifungally active and explains why antifungal plasma levels, when measured by bioassay, are about three times the itraconazole levels measured by a specific HPLC-method. Distribution studies have shown that therapeutically active levels of itraconazole are maintained much longer in some infected tissues than in plasma. For instance, active levels persist for four days in the vaginal epithelium after a one-day treatment and for 3 weeks in the stratum corneum of the skin after treatment has been stopped. Unlike fluconazole, itraconazole does not interfere with mammalian drug metabolizing enzymes, minimizing the risk of interaction with concomitantly administered drugs. These pharmacokinetic properties may contribute to the high efficacy and safety of itraconazole in patients with various mycotic infections. New pharmaceutical formulations are being explored in order to broaden the application field of itraconazole to intravenous and oral therapy of patients with malabsorption.
The Extension of Portfolio Analysis to Three or More Parameters (1971)

Most portfolio analysis is based on the use of two parameters, the mean and variance, of the statistical distribution of returns. Exceptions to this practice can be found in an empirical work by Arditti [1] and a theoretical paper by Levy [4], both using the third moment around the mean. It is the purpose of this paper to begin a general extension of the two-parameter analysis to three or more parameters. Accordingly, some problems will be solved, but others will be suggested for further analysis.
Design of Hash-Tree Anti-collision Algorithm (2007)

In RFID system, the problem of the collision between tags is a focus topic. The Hash-tree anti-collision algorithm was proposed in the paper, which adopted hash operation to allocate slots for tags and used tree searching method to identify collision tags in the queue of collision slots. The proposed algorithm doesn't require readers to test the precise location of collision bits, and its performance beyond 36.8% is better than ALOHA- based algorithms.
Regulation of the selective uptake of high density lipoprotein-associated cholesteryl esters (1987)

We have previously shown in rats that the cholesteryl ester component of high density lipoproteins (HDL) is taken up at a greater fractional rate than is the apolipoprotein A-I component (selective uptake) by liver and steroidogenic tissues. Selective uptake was also exhibited by cultured cells from these organs as well as by a wider range of cells in vitro (e.g., rat and human fibroblasts). We report here regulation of this pathway according to the cholesterol status of cells. Uptake of HDL cholesteryl esters by rat fibroblasts was decreased by prior loading of the cells with cholesterol, even while uptake of HDL-associated apoA-I actually increased. At high levels of cholesterol, the two were taken up about in parallel, i.e., selective uptake was suppressed. A similar regulation of selective uptake in primary rat hepatocytes in culture was not observed. To examine regulation of selective uptake in vivo, hypocholesterolemia was induced in rats using either 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine or 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol. Rat HDL, doubly labeled in both the apoprotein A-I and cholesteryl ester moieties with intracellularly trapped tracers, were injected into untreated and treated rats. The plasma decay kinetics and the tissue sites of uptake were then determined. Hypocholesterolemia increased the plasma fractional catabolic rates of both tracers. Selective uptake was observed in tissues of treated rats that did not exhibit selective uptake in untreated rats (muscle, adipose tissue, and skin). Similarly, hypocholesterolemia increased the contribution of selective uptake to total HDL cholesteryl ester uptake by adrenal and ovary. In contrast, regulation of selective uptake by liver could not be demonstrated under these conditions. Thus, selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl esters can be regulated in extrahepatic tissues of rats in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a role for selective uptake in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis in these tissues.
Bistatic coherent laser radar performance. [Wind remote sensing] (1998)

Wind velocity can be obtained using a laser radar system by measuring the Doppler shifted backscatter from aerosols and particulates in the atmosphere. Doppler lidar systems for wind velocity measurements can be classified into two categories: coherent detection and incoherent detection. The ultimate goal for both types is to measure a frequency shift between the transmitted laser pulse and the return laser pulse. This frequency shift is proportional to some component of the wind velocity, depending on the system configuration. How accurately these systems can measure the frequency shift, and thus the velocity, is dependent upon the system's characteristics. Existing Doppler lidar systems employ monostatic configurations which require scanning a volume to obtain wind velocity and direction. Range resolution in these systems is normally obtained by using a pulsed laser system. This places a fundamental limit on the range-velocity resolution product. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a multistatic configuration for measuring 3-dimensional vector winds. In the multistatic configuration, horizontal and vertical resolution are determined by the telescope field-of-view, laser divergence, and baseline separation distance between the laser and the telescope. This enables the use of a continuous-wave or long pulse laser transmitter (narrow spectral width) and eliminates the dependence between range and velocity resolution. The results of this research have shown that a multistatic Doppler lidar system will provide accurate estimates of wind velocity within the tropospheric boundary layer (up to about 5 km) with high spatial resolution.
Joint ventures with physical therapists. (1988)

Joint venturing with a physical therapist is an overlooked, yet significant source of patient referrals and revenue. The authors argue that such ventures extend a health-care organization's reach into untapped markets, such as home health, industrial clinics, nursing homes, school systems, psychiatric centers, and health and fitness centers.
Mechanisms of Oncostatin M-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis (2008)

Oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6 family cytokine, has been implicated in a number of biological processes including the induction of inflammation and the modulation of extracellular matrix. In this study, we demonstrate that OSM is up-regulated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and scleroderma, and investigate the pathological consequences of excess OSM in the lungs. Delivery of OSM to the lungs of mice results in a significant recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as a dose-dependent increase in collagen deposition in the lungs, with pathological correlates to characteristic human interstitial lung disease. To better understand the relationship between OSM-induced inflammation and OSM-induced fibrosis, we used genetically modified mice and show that the fibrotic response is largely independent of B and T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. We further explored the mechanisms of OSM-induced inflammation and fibrosis using both protein and genomic array approaches, generating a "fibrotic footprint" for OSM that shows modulation of various matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix components, and cytokines previously implicated in fibrosis. In particular, although the IL-4/IL-13 and TGF-beta pathways have been shown to be important and intertwined of fibrosis, we show that OSM is capable of inducing lung fibrosis independently of these pathways. The demonstration that OSM is a potent mediator of lung inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation, combined with the up-regulation observed in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, may provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting OSM in human disease.
Colinear acousto-optic deflection in thin films (1972)

We report the experimental demonstration of a colinear interaction between an optical film-guided wave and an acoustic surface wave producing a noncoplanar optical-beam output. With an interaction length of 4 mm and an acoustic-power input of 2.5 W at 86 MHz, 5% of the guided optical wave was scattered out of the film.
Bronchial Hyperreactivity and Eosinophil Granule Proteins (1993)

Five lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the eosinophil, possibly through its granule proteins, mediates bronchial hyperreactivity. First, bronchial hyperreactivity and blood eosinophilia are associated in patients with asthma. Second, bronchial hyperreactivity is associated with the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophil granule MBP in BAL fluids. Third, direct instillation of MBP into the lungs of monkeys caused bronchospasm and increased reactivity to methacholine. Fourth, direct application of MBP to respiratory epithelium caused increased smooth muscle reactivity to acetylcholine, suggesting that MBP stimulates respiratory epithelium to produce factors active on smooth muscle. Fifth, MBP causes allosteric inhibition of lung M2 muscarinic receptors.
Mobile Telephones Used as Boarding Passes: Enabling Technologies and Experimental Results (2008)

As IATA is adopting new boarding media for airplanes, cell phones are considered as the first candidate to replace traditional tickets. This will improve the efficiency of delivery, flight time update and boarding process. This evolution is made possible by displaying two-dimensional barcodes on the mobile device screen. The boarding process involves many steps and participants before one can access the plane. First, the traveler has to check-in to his flight, get his boarding pass. Then, he/she goes through the security gate, which leads to the boarding gate. Finally, the passenger accesses the plane. At every step of the process, he/she needs to show his/her paper boarding pass, which could be replaced by a more convenient media, like cell phones. Also, more than 500 different models of cell phones are available on the North American market, each having different characteristics. These characteristics must be known in order to achieve proper barcode delivery. This paper discusses the main challenge underlying the replacement of paper with barcodes over cell phones. It also proposes an experimental base to evaluate the adaptive models needed to fit the barcodes into every screen.The present work proved that it is possible to go through the entire boarding process using a mobile device as a boarding pass, if the barcode is specifically created to fit the user's cell phone screen. The information needed to create the barcode depends on the adaptive model. Simple models require more information, which takes a long time to collect. The proposed experimentation can be used to evaluate different models.