gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Submersible Solenoid Valves for Subsea Blowout Preventers (2011)

An analytical optimization approach of the submersible solenoid valve constrained in a specific small volume is presented. In order to maximum the electromagnetic force, thermal model and electromagnetic model are constructed, and five radial dimensions are optimized when the main limiting quantity is the maximum allowed temperature. A numerical optimization calculation is performed in order to verify the proposed analytical approach. The optimal solution of the numerical calculation is compared with the solution of the analytical approach, which shows a good agreement between the two methods. A thermal analysis of the optimal submersible solenoid valve based on AYSYS is also performed to verify the thermal model. A comparative study between the experimental and simulated static characteristics of the optimal submersible solenoid valve is also performed. The results show that the proposed analytical approach is correct.
LASER-GENERATED STRESS WAVES (1970)

A method of generating stress waves with a laser is demonstrated using a transparent material to impede the expansion of the vaporized absorber. A stress wave whose magnitude is 34 kbar and whose width at half-maximum is equal to the width of the laser pulse is reported.
Silicon–Carbon Stressors With High Substitutional Carbon Concentration and <i>In Situ</i> Doping Formed in Source/Drain Extensions of n-Channel Transistors (2008)

We report the first demonstration of n-channel field-effect transistors (N-FETs) with in situ phosphorus-doped silicon-carbon (SiCP) stressors incorporated in the source/drain extension (SDE) regions. A novel process which formed recessed SDE regions followed by selective epitaxy of SiCP was adopted. High in situ doping contributes to low series resistance to channel resistance ratio and is important for reaping the benefits of strain. Substitutional carbon concentration was varied, showing enhanced drive current with increased for comparable off-state leakage, series resistance, and control of short-channel effects. A record high carbon substitutional concentration of 2.1% was achieved. Use of heavily doped silicon-carbon stressor with large lattice mismatch with respect to Si and placed in close proximity to the channel region in the SDE regions is expected to be important for strain engineering in nanoscale N-FETs.
Miniature Mobile Bristled In-Pipe Machine (2014)

The in-pipe machine locomotes in the pipe on the principle of differential friction between the bristles and the pipe wall during the movement of the bristle forwards and backwards. These bristles are very important construction parts of the in-pipe machine. In order to define the locomotion of movement it is important to know the force situation on the bristles caused by its high deformation in the pipe. The determination of force situation brought us to a non-linear differential equation of the second order and determination of conditions for its solution. By this equation it is possible to describe the outline of large deformations of the construction part and to determine the forces affecting this part.
Using Versioning to Simplify the Implementation of a Highly-Available File System (2001)

This paper describes the design and implementation of Mammoth, a novel distributed file system that we are building. The key feature of Mammoth is that it stores files and directories as histories of immutable versions that are created each time a file or directory is modified. All Mammoth meta-data is stored in append-only fashion and all file data is read-only once it is created. As a result, Mammoth can replicate data on multiple loosely-connected nodes with minimal concern for consistency. The only overhead for creating and maintaining a replica is the storage it occupies.
Integrating Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search Approach for Job Shop Scheduling (2009)

This paper presents a new algorithm based on integrating Genetic Algorithms and Tabu Search methods to solve the Job Shop Scheduling problem. The idea of the proposed algorithm is derived from Genetic Algorithms. Most of the scheduling problems require either exponential time or space to generate an optimal answer. Job Shop scheduling (JSS) is the general scheduling problem and it is a NP-complete problem, but it is difficult to find the optimal solution. This paper applies Genetic Algorithms and Tabu Search for Job Shop Scheduling problem and compares the results obtained by each. With the implementation of our approach the JSS problems reaches optimal solution and minimize the makespan.
Novel poly(ethylene glycol) monomers bearing diverse functional groups (2010)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) mono methacrylate ester (MAPEG) has been used, through a variety of reactions, to form several novel monomers, bearing both a polymerizable handle and various functional groups. These new compounds may be conjugated to biomolecules via amine, acid, or thiol moieties or they may form dendrimers via the epoxide. In addition, polymerization of these monomers may result in functionalized nanoparticles and microparticles or coatings, thus altering the acid‐base or electrochemical properties of surfaces and particles. Full synthetic considerations, including interesting intermediates, are reported. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
A Solid State Color Video Camera with a Horizontal Readout MOS Imager (1986)

Since 1981 when we marketed world's first MOS color video camera1), we have been continuously improving the performance of this line of video cameras in order to match the market needs year by year2). We recognize, however, the performance we have achieved is not satisfactory enough.
A Multi-Resolution Approach forWorm Detection and Containment (2006)

Despite the proliferation of detection and containment techniques in the worm defense literature, simple threshold-based methods remain the most widely deployed and most popular approach among practitioners. This popularity arises out of the simplistic appeal, ease of use, and independence from attack-specific properties such as scanning strategies and signatures. However, such approaches have known limitations: they either fail to detect low-rate attacks or incur very high false positive rates. We propose a multi-resolution approach to enhance the power of threshold-based detection and rate-limiting techniques. Using such an approach we can not only detect fast attacks with low latency, but also discover low-rate attacks - several orders of magnitude less aggressive than today’s fast propagating attacks with low false positive rates. We also outline a multi-resolution rate limiting mechanism for throttling the number of new connections a host can make, to contain the spread of worms. Our trace analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate the benefits of a multiresolution approach for worm defense.
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural control of saccadic eye movements (2006)

Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect the fovea from one object to another. A great deal has been learned about the anatomy and physiology of saccades, making them an ideal system for studying the neural control of movement. Basic research on normal eye movements has greatly increased our understanding of saccadic performance, anatomy and physiology, and led to a large number of control system models. These models simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. Historically, studies of saccadic abnormalities in patients have played a critical role in understanding the neural control of saccades because they provide information that complements basic research and thus restricts hypotheses to those that are biologically plausible. This review presents four examples of clinical disorders (slow saccades, interrupted saccades, high-frequency saccadic oscillations and macrosaccadic oscillations) that have provided insights into the neurobiology of saccades, have driven the development of new models, and have suggested an explanation or treatment for these disorders. We raise general questions for both scientists and clinicians that will assist in their efforts to understand the neural control of movement, improve diagnostic criteria and develop new treatments.
Fabrication of Metallized Electrospun Copper Nanofiber Webs (2010)

The conductive metallic nanofibers were prepared by using a combined technology of electrospinning and metallization. The electrospun polyurethane and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers are metallized with different thicknesses of metal (Cu, Ni) layer via a metallization. The thickness of the metallic layer, which is ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm, was controlled. The resultant metallized nanofibers are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FE-SEM micrographs demonstrate that the nano-scaled metallic layers are well deposited onto the nanofibers. TGA result indicates that thermal stability of the metallized nanofibers was enhanced due to the barrier effects of the metallic thin layer. WAXD data also confirm that the metallic layers are well deposited onto the nanofibers. Remarkably, the fibrous morphologies were satisfactorily conserved after removal of the nanofiber template by heat treatment at ca. 400 oC for 24 hr., suggesting the successful deposition of metal layer onto the nanofiber template, and thereby resulted in the formation of metallic nanofibers and nanotubes depending on the diameter of electrospun nanofibers and the thickness of the deposited metallic layers in the conductive metallic nanofibers. In addition, it was observed that the metallized nanofibers exhibit higher conductive properties depending on the thickness of the deposited metallic layers.
The Neural Basis of Motor Control (1986)

This authoritative study synthesizes physiology, neuroanatomy, kinesiology, and psychology in a thorough introduction to motor control. Readers will learn how the nervous system processes information, how the brain learns from previous experience and self-adjusts, and how behavioral intent is fitted into the circumstances of the moment. Throughout the book, the author considers questions of adaptation, motor learning, and guidance by the limbic system. Superbly illustrated and highlighted by many clinical examples, this volume is a clear, up-to-date account of motor control for students and professionals in the neurosciences, physical and occupational therapy, rehabilitation medicine, and kinesiology.
Measurement of Surfactant-Induced Interfacial Interactions at Reservoir Conditions (2008)

Summary The effect of surface-active chemicals on oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability in crude-oil/brine/rock systems at reservoir conditions is important in enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes. However, most of the experimental studies on IFT and contact angles have been conducted at ambient conditions and using stock-tank crude oils. In this study, live and stock-tank crude oils have been used at reservoir conditions to make IFT and dynamic contact-angle measurements using the drop-shape-analysis (DSA) and dual-drop/dual-crystal (DD/DC) techniques, respectively. Yates reservoir rock and fluids, and two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) in varying concentrations have been used at reservoir conditions of 82°F and 700 psi (27.8°C and 4.8 MPa). The dynamic oil/water IFT was found to be a strong function of oil composition and of temperature, and it showed a slight dependence on pressure. An attempt has been made to explain the dynamic behavior of IFT using a four-stage mechanistic model involving induction, diffusion, kinetic-barrier, and equilibrium stages. The significant difference observed between the advancing contact angles of live oil (55°) and stock-tank oil (154°) clearly indicates the need to use live oils at reservoir conditions to determine in-situ reservoir wettability. Anionic surfactant altered the weakly water-wet behavior of live oil to strongly oil-wet (165°). It was also able to alter the strong oil-wet behavior of stock-tank oil to less oil-wet (&lt;135°). The nonionic surfactant was able to alter the water-wet live oil system to intermediate-wet (82°), while it did not affect the strongly oil-wet behavior of stock tank oil system. The oil-wet behavior observed for live oil with surfactants indicates the capability of these surfactants to develop continuous oil-wet paths for potential mixed-wettability development. Thus, this study is of practical significance in cases where the surfactant-induced wettability alterations to either intermediate-wet or mixed-wet can result in improved oil recovery through the lowering of both capillary and adhesion forces.
Food processing: effects on allergenicity (2004)

Researchers and medical personnel have begun to weigh the benefits and potential disadvantages of assessing the allergenicity of foods in unprocessed forms. In this review, the known effects of processing on the allergenicity of various foods will be discussed along with the implications of the most recent studies on the future direction of research in this area.
Determination of Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Solid-State NMR Using the INADEQUATE Experiment (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDetermination of Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Solid-State NMR Using the INADEQUATE ExperimentAnne Lesage, Céline Auger, Stefano Caldarelli, and Lyndon EmsleyView Author Information Laboratoire de Stéréochimie et des Interactions Moléculaires UMR-117 CNRS/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 69364 Lyon, France Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 33, 7867–7868Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1997Publication History Received7 April 1997Published online20 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971089khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971089krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1860Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Molecules,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Sugar transport in <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> is mediated by two families of binding protein‐dependent ABC transporters (2001)

The extreme thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus grows optimally at 80 degrees C and pH 3 and uses a variety of sugars as sole carbon and energy source. Glucose transport in this organism is mediated by a high-affinity binding protein-dependent ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Sugar-binding studies revealed the presence of four additional membrane-bound binding proteins for arabinose, cellobiose, maltose and trehalose. These glycosylated binding proteins are subunits of ABC transporters that fall into two distinct groups: (i) monosaccharide transporters that are homologous to the sugar transport family containing a single ATPase and a periplasmic-binding protein that is processed at an unusual site at its amino-terminus; (ii) di- and oligosaccharide transporters, which are homologous to the family of oligo/dipeptide transporters that contain two different ATPases, and a binding protein that is synthesized with a typical bacterial signal sequence. The latter family has not been implicated in sugar transport before. These data indicate that binding protein-dependent transport is the predominant mechanism of transport for sugars in S. solfataricus.
Optical Harmonic Generation in Single Crystal BaTi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1964)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) of the Nd-doped CaW${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ optical maser beam in ferroelectric BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been investigated. Each of the three nonlinear coefficients which determine the magnitude of the SHG have been measured from room temperature to near the Curie temperature. It is found that all three coefficients have the same temperature dependence as the spontaneous ferroelectric polarization. The symmetry of the nonlinear coefficients required for a dispersionless, lossless SHG mechanism, namely, ${d}_{15}={d}_{31}$ for BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, applies over the entire measured temperature range. The effects on SHG due to antiparallel ferroelectric domains are described. The circumstances under which random as well as special antiparallel domain arrays can produce either an enhancement or a degradation of the second-harmonic intensity are discussed. Because of the dependence of SHG on the domain structure, the determination of the nonlinear coefficients requires single-domain crystals. A method for preparing suitable BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single-domain crystals is described. These crystals are also useful for investigations of the characteristics of ferroelectric domain growth.
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF 3′-END CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION OF MESSENGER RNA PRECURSORS (1992)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Precipitation and recrystallization in an Al-1-8%Mn alloy (1978)

The recrystallization behaviour of cold-rolled supersaturated AI-I.8%Mn has been investigated. In this alloy coarse intermetallic constituent particles remaining from casting exist, after light annealing, in a matrix stabilized by copious precipitation on subgrain boundaries. Subsequently, recrystallization occurs only in the vicinity of the coarse particles. Annealing experiments performed in the HVEM showed that a precipitate-free zone developed around the coarse particles by precipitate dissolution, thus allowing nucleation by subgrain growth. The growth of such nuclei was not prevented by the surviving fine precipitates. Solute profiles of various stages of this process were obtained by an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer fitted to a STEM which gave evidence of rapid Mn diffusion along subgrain boundaries. These results are compared with recent theoretical work concerning the effect of fine particle dispersions on recrystallization.
Fast Binary Translation: Translation Efficiency and Runtime Efficiency (2009)

Abstract—Fast binary translation is a key component for many modern software techniques. This paper reflects on the implementation of fastBT, a generator for low-overhead, tablebased dynamic (just-in-time) binary translators. We discuss the most challenging sources of overhead, propose optimizations to further reduce these penalties, and present a detailed performance analysis with different approaches to translate indirect control transfers. To allow comparison with other systems the paper includes an empirical evaluation of fastBT relative to three other binary translation systems (DynamoRIO, HDTrans, and PIN). The fastBT generator is architecture-neutral but this paper’s analysis and performance data focus on IA-32 Linux. fastBT performs well in practice: we report an overhead of 0 % to 10% for the majority of benchmarks. fastBT uses a trace cache and trampolines to obtain efficiency in translation and execution of the translated program. The keys to fastBT’s good performance are a configurable inlining mechanism optimizations for the different forms of indirect jumps. To ease development of a binary translator, the translation actions of fastBT are specified in high-level abstractions that are compiled into fastBT’s translation tables. This table generator allows a compact description of the transformations that the binary translator effects in the translated code. I.
ChemInform Abstract: Differentiation of Enantiotopic Carbonyl Groups by the Horner‐ Wadsworth‐Emmons Reaction. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential symbolic execution (2008)

Detecting and characterizing the effects of software changes is a fundamental component of software maintenance. Version differencing information can be used to perform version merging, infer change characteristics, produce program documentation, and guide program re-validation. Existing techniques for characterizing code changes, however, are imprecise leading to unnecessary maintenance efforts.
Quality Characteristics of Waxy Hexaploid Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.): Properties of Starch Gelatinization and Retrogradation (1997)

ABSTRACT The viscoelastic properties and molecular structure of the starch isolated from waxy (amylose‐free) hexaploid wheat (WHW) ( Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. WHW starch generally had lower gelatinization onset temperature, peak viscosity, and setback than the starch isolated from normal hexaploid wheat (NHW). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that WHW starch had higher transition temperatures ( T o , T p , and T c ) and enthalpy (Δ H ) than NHW starch. However, when compared on the basis of amylopectin (AP) content, Δ H of WHW starch was almost statistically identical to that of its parental varieties. Typical A‐type X‐ray diffraction patterns were observed for the starches of WHW and its parental varieties. Somewhat higher crystallinity was indicated for WHW starch. WHW starch was also characterized by having greater retrogradation resistance. The high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of amylopectin showed that each amylopectin yielded two fractions after debranching. Although WHW amylopectin had somewhat long B chains, little difference was observed in the ratio of Fr.III/ Fr.II between WHW and its parental varieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Visualization of the Diffusional Pathway of Oxide Ions in a Layered Perovskite‐Type Cobaltite PrBaCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+δ</sub>. (2013)

Abstract The crystal structure and oxide‐ion diffusion pathway of the title compound at 596 and 1000 °C are characterized by in situ high‐temperature neutron powder diffraction and a maximum‐entropy method based nuclear density analysis.