gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain biopsy in dementia (2005)

Brain biopsy has an uncertain role in the diagnosis of dementia. Here we report a retrospective analysis of 90 consecutive cerebral biopsies undertaken for the investigation of dementia in adults at a tertiary referral centre between 1989 and 2003. In most cases (90%), biopsy consisted of a right frontal full thickness resection of cortex, white matter and overlying leptomeninges. Fifty-seven per cent of biopsies were diagnostic: the most frequent diagnoses were Alzheimer's disease (18%), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (12%) and inflammatory disorders (9%). Other diagnoses in individual patients included Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration and other tauopathies, Lewy body dementia, multiple sclerosis, Whipple's disease, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical ischaemic leucoencephalopathy, vasculopathies and paraneoplastic encephalopathy. The most frequent biopsy finding in the non-diagnostic group and for the series as a whole (37%) was non-specific gliosis variably affecting both cortex and white matter. Complications (11%) included seizures, intracranial and wound infections, and intracranial haemorrhage; there were no deaths or lasting neurological sequelae attributable to the procedure. No trends in diagnostic yield or complication rate over the course of the series were identified. Information obtained at biopsy determined treatment in 11%. A raised cerebrospinal fluid cell count was the only robust predictor of a potentially treatable (inflammatory) process at biopsy. The constellation of behavioural change, raised CSF protein and matched oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum was associated with non-specific gliosis at biopsy. This series underlines the value of cerebral biopsy in the diagnosis of dementia, and suggests that certain clinical and laboratory features may be useful in guiding the decision to proceed to brain biopsy where a treatable disease cannot be excluded by other means.
Predicting the ratings of multimedia items for making personalized recommendations (2012)

Existing multimedia recommenders suggest a specific type of multimedia items rather than items of different types personalized for a user based on his/her preference. Assume that a user is interested in a particular family movie, it is appealing if a multimedia recommendation system can suggest other movies, music, books, and paintings closely related to the movie. We propose a comprehensive, personalized multimedia recommendation system, denoted MudRecS, which makes recommendations on movies, music, books, and paintings similar in content to other movies, music, books, and/or paintings that a MudRecS user is interested in. MudRecS does not rely on users' access patterns/histories, connection information extracted from social networking sites, collaborated filtering methods, or user personal attributes (such as gender and age) to perform the recommendation task. It simply considers the users' ratings, genres, role players (authors or artists), and reviews of different multimedia items, which are abundant and easy to find on the Web. MudRecS predicts the ratings of multimedia items that match the interests of a user to make recommendations. The performance ofMudRecS has been compared with current state-of-the-art multimedia recommenders using various multimedia datasets, and the experimental results show that MudRecS significantly outperforms other systems in accurately predicting the ratings of multimedia items to be recommended.
The feasibility and appeal of mobile ‘apps’ for supporting healthy food purchasing and consumption among socioeconomically disadvantaged women: a pilot study (2014)

Selected iPod and iPad apps are useable and appealing to socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Particular features of apps, including simplicity of use and providing seasonal information, appear helpful in assisting women to plan, shop and consume healthy foods. SO WHAT? This study demonstrates a promising approach for reaching and engaging socioeconomically disadvantaged target populations in healthy eating, through the use of mobile apps. Further research establishing the effectiveness of these apps in promoting healthy food planning, shopping and eating behaviours is now warranted.
A robust parallel implementation of 2D model-based recognition (2003)

An approach to 2D model-based object recognition is developed, suitable for implementation on a highly parallel SIMD (single-instruction, multiple data stream) computer. Object models and image data are represented as contour features. Transformation sampling is used to determine the optimal model-feature-to-image-feature transformation by sampling the space of possible transformations. Only a small part of this space need actually be sampled due to the constraints placed on transformations by individual matches of image features to model features. The procedure requires O(Kmn) processors and O(log/sup 2/ (Kmn)) time, where m is the number of model features, n is the number of image features, and K depends on the size of the image. The procedure works well and is extremely robust in the presence of occlusion. An implementation of the procedure on the Connection Machine is described, and some experimental results given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical Performance of Macrofibers of Cellulose and Chitin Nanofibrils Aligned by Wet-Stretching: A Critical Comparison (2014)

Renewable nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanofibrillated chitin (NFCh) are attractive fibrillar bionanoparticles due to their remarkable properties such as outstanding mechanical stiffness and strength, thermostability, barrier properties, and also for their global availability from renewable resources and food waste. One major bottleneck to maximize the mechanical properties of materials based on these bionanoparticles (e.g., nanopapers and macroscale fibers) is to find pathways to control their direction of alignment and understand how preferred alignment correlates with macroscale properties. Herein, we will demonstrate how strain-rate controlled wet-stretching of rehydrated macroscale fibers composed of nanofibrillated chitin and cellulose (NFCh, NFC) induces a high degree of orientation and how the degree of alignment scales with macroscale mechanical stiffness. We find similar degrees of alignment in both types of nanofibril-based macrofibers, yet substantially different macroscale stiffness, with the NFC-based fibers (E(NFC) = 33 GPa) outperforming the NFCh-based ones (E(NFCh) = 12 GPa) considerably. These differences can be correlated to the mechanical properties of the underlying cellulose I and α-chitin crystals and the degree of crystallinity of the nanofibrils, which both govern the stiffness of an individual nanofibril. Our study likely demonstrates the maximum performance in terms of stiffness of materials prepared by NFC and NFCh and reveals a critical difference in the performance of both classes of bionanoparticles.
Challenges and Applications of Emerging Nonvolatile Memory Devices (2020)

Emerging nonvolatile memory (eNVM) devices are pushing the limits of emerging applications beyond the scope of silicon-based complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). Among several alternatives, phase change memory, spin-transfer torque random access memory, and resistive random-access memory (RRAM) are major emerging technologies. This review explains all varieties of prototype and eNVM devices, their challenges, and their applications. A performance comparison shows that it is difficult to achieve a “universal memory” which can fulfill all requirements. Compared to other emerging alternative devices, RRAM technology is showing promise with its highly scalable, cost-effective, simple two-terminal structure, low-voltage and ultra-low-power operation capabilities, high-speed switching with high-endurance, long retention, and the possibility of three-dimensional integration for high-density applications. More precisely, this review explains the journey and device engineering of RRAM with various architectures. The challenges in different prototype and eNVM devices is disused with the conventional and novel application areas. Compare to other technologies, RRAM is the most promising approach which can be applicable as high-density memory, storage class memory, neuromorphic computing, and also in hardware security. In the post-CMOS era, a more efficient, intelligent, and secure computing system is possible to design with the help of eNVM devices.
Second-order analysis of free vibrations of piezoelectric ceramic actuators (2002)

In an earlier paper [1998], Lee and Yu derived a system of two-dimensional (2-D) equations for electroded piezoelectric plates with thickness-graded material properties. A special series expansion for the electric potential was employed to accommodate the short circuit face condition at the electroded area. Closed form solutions for the flexural and thickness-shear vibrations of circular bimorph disks were obtained later based on the first-order 2-D theory. In this work, we reduce Lee and Yu's 2-D equations for the case of homogeneous piezoelectric ceramic plates with electrodes. A set of second-order 2-D equations is derived after disregarding the higher order terms and after the back substitution. Closed form solutions are then obtained for the extensional, edge, symmetric thickness-shear, and thickness-stretch vibrations of circular disks. Frequency spectra and modes are calculated, identified, and studied for a range of diameter-to-thickness ratios. Resonance frequencies of PZT-5 disks calculated from our solutions are compared with the predictions of finite element analysis and experimental data by Guo et al. [1991]. The agreement is close.
A Network Containing a Periodically Operated Switch Solved by Successive Approximations (1957)

This paper concerns itself with the analysis of a type of periodically switched network that might be used in time multiplex systems. The economics of the situation require that the ratio of the switch closure time τ to the switching period T be small. Using this assumption, the analysis is performed by successive approximations. More precisely the zeroth approximation to the transmission is obtained from a block diagram analogous to those used in sampled servomechanisms. From the convergence proof of the successive approximation scheme, it follows that when τ/T is small, the zeroth approximation is very close to the exact transmission. A discussion of some examples is included.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acid (2014)

Abstract Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a biobased platform chemical for the production of polymers. In the past few years, numerous multistep chemical routes have been reported on the synthesis of FDCA by oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Recently we identified an FAD‐dependent enzyme which is active towards HMF and related compounds. This oxidase has the remarkable capability of oxidizing [5‐(hydroxymethyl)furan‐2‐yl]methanol to FDCA, a reaction involving four consecutive oxidations. The oxidase can produce FDCA from HMF with high yield at ambient temperature and pressure. Examination of the underlying mechanism shows that the oxidase acts on alcohol groups only and depends on the hydration of aldehydes for the oxidation reaction required to form FDCA.
SmartConnect: A system for the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks (2013)

We have developed SmartConnect, a tool that addresses the growing need for the design and deployment of multihop wireless relay networks for connecting sensors to a control center. Given the locations of the sensors, the traffic that each sensor generates, the quality of service (QoS) requirements, and the potential locations at which relays can be placed, Smart-Connect helps design and deploy a low-cost wireless multihop relay network. SmartConnect adopts a field interactive, iterative approach, with model based network design, field evaluation and relay augmentation performed iteratively until the desired QoS is met. The design process is based on approximate combinatorial optimization algorithms. In the paper, we provide the design choices made in SmartConnect and describe the experimental work that led to these choices. Finally, we provide results from some experimental deployments.
Auto-classification and simulation of mask defects using SEM and CAD images (2008)

Mask defect disposition gets more difficult and time-consuming with each progressive lithography node. Mask inspection tools commonly use 250 nm wavelength, giving resolution of 180 nm, so critical defect sizes are far less than the optical resolution - too small for defect analysis. Thus the rate of false or nuisance defect detection is increasing rapidly and analysis of detected defects is increasingly difficult. As to judging the wafer printability of defects, AIMS (Aerial Image Measurement System) tools are commonly used but are also time-consuming if defect count is high. For improving the efficiency of mask defect disposition, we propose the combination of a SEM defect review tool and defect disposition and simulation software, which use high-resolution SEM images of defects to do defect review, defect disposition, and wafer printing simulation of defects automatically or manually. The SEM defect review tool, DIS-05 developed by Holon Co. Ltd., is designed for defect review and disposition using reference images derived from e-beam files or CAD database. This tool uses the Automated Defect Analysis Software (ADAS) developed from AVI LLC. to interface the inspection tool and the DIS-05. ADAS detects false defects before SEM imaging and performs aerial image simulation from the SEM and CAD images to estimate the wafer CD error caused by each defect. We report on its speed (>300 defects/hour), classification accuracy and simulation accuracy when used with masks at the 45 nm technology node and beyond. This combination of SEM and ADAS is expected to significantly accelerate process development and production for the 45 and 32 nm nodes. It will also increase the masksper- day throughput of inspection and AIMS tools by shifting most defect review to ADAS software using SEM images. At preliminary tests showed the combination tool can do auto defect disposition and simulation with promising results.
Reactions of Carbodiimides. III. The Reactions of Carbodiimides with Peptide Acids<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Carbodiimides. III. The Reactions of Carbodiimides with Peptide Acids1,2DeLos F. DeTar, Richard Silverstein, and Fulton F. Rogers Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 5, 1024–1030Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00957a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00957a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel, multiplex, real-time PCR–based approach for the detection of the commonly occurring pathogenic fungi and bacteria (2013)

This modified FRET technique is specific and more rapid than the gold-standard culture-based methods. The fact that fungi, G + and G- bacteria were successfully identified in the same tube within an hour after the DNA preparation permits rapid and early evidence-based management of bloodstream infections in clinical practice.
The Chemistry of Rubber the Interaction of Ethylenic Compounds and Rubber (1947)

Abstract It is known that the hydrocarbon of rubber has an ethylenic structure; its chemical reactions, the basic principles of which were brought out in 1902 by Weber, and which were the object, in 1930, of important work by Fisher, show that it has the general properties of ethylene derivatives, including the addition of hydrogen and metalloids of the first group (chlorine and bromine in particular), the addition of hydracids, scission by ozone, autoxidation, and isomerization by means of catalysts which isomerize ethylene derivatives, such as sulfuric acid and chlorides of metalloids. However, aside from these general reactions, rubber hydrocarbon reacts in other ways which likewise depend on the unsaturation of the molecule and on the macromolecular structure, and which in this particular case are of prime importance because it is on these properties that the processing and applications of rubber depend. As a good example, a fundamental change results from the action of sulfur, viz. , vulcanization, whereby rubber passes from a predominantly plastic state to a predominantly elastic state, a change which is manifest by the rubber becoming insoluble. Moreover, sulfur is not the only agent which is capable of bringing about vulcanization; in fact, it has been found that many other agents are capable of vulcanizing rubber. Although Goodyear discovered this reaction in 1839, there is still no general agreement as to the mechanism of vulcanization; however, vulcanization is at present regarded as the transformation of an agglomerate of filiform molecules into a three-dimensional network.
Functional ADA Polymorphism Increases Sleep Depth and Reduces Vigilant Attention in Humans (2011)

Homeostatically regulated slow-wave oscillations in non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may reflect synaptic changes across the sleep-wake continuum and the restorative function of sleep. The nonsynonymous c.22G>A polymorphism (rs73598374) of adenosine deaminase (ADA) reduces the conversion of adenosine to inosine and predicts baseline differences in sleep slow-wave oscillations. We hypothesized that this polymorphism affects cognitive functions, and investigated whether it modulates electroencephalogram (EEG), behavioral, subjective, and biochemical responses to sleep deprivation. Attention, learning, memory, and executive functioning were quantified in healthy adults. Right-handed carriers of the variant allele (G/A genotype, n = 29) performed worse on the d2 attention task than G/G homozygotes (n = 191). To test whether this difference reflects elevated homeostatic sleep pressure, sleep and sleep EEG before and after sleep deprivation were studied in 2 prospectively matched groups of G/A and G/G genotype subjects. Deep sleep and EEG 0.75- to 1.5-Hz oscillations in non-REM sleep were significantly higher in G/A than in G/G genotype. Moreover, attention and vigor were reduced, whereas waking EEG alpha activity (8.5-12 Hz), sleepiness, fatigue, and α-amylase in saliva were enhanced. These convergent data demonstrate that genetic reduction of ADA activity elevates sleep pressure and plays a key role in sleep and waking quality in humans.
Polymer waveguides for electro-optical integration in data centers and high-performance computers (2015)

To satisfy the intra- and inter-system bandwidth requirements of future data centers and high-performance computers, low-cost low-power high-throughput optical interconnects will become a key enabling technology. To tightly integrate optics with the computing hardware, particularly in the context of CMOS-compatible silicon photonics, optical printed circuit boards using polymer waveguides are considered as a formidable platform. IBM Research has already demonstrated the essential silicon photonics and interconnection building blocks. A remaining challenge is electro-optical packaging, i.e., the connection of the silicon photonics chips with the system. In this paper, we present a new single-mode polymer waveguide technology and a scalable method for building the optical interface between silicon photonics chips and single-mode polymer waveguides.
Simulation of a Geiger-Mode Imaging LADAR System for Performance Assessment (2013)

As LADAR systems applications gradually become more diverse, new types of systems are being developed. When developing new systems, simulation studies are an essential prerequisite. A simulator enables performance predictions and optimal system parameters at the design level, as well as providing sample data for developing and validating application algorithms. The purpose of the study is to propose a method for simulating a Geiger-mode imaging LADAR system. We develop simulation software to assess system performance and generate sample data for the applications. The simulation is based on three aspects of modeling-the geometry, radiometry and detection. The geometric model computes the ranges to the reflection points of the laser pulses. The radiometric model generates the return signals, including the noises. The detection model determines the flight times of the laser pulses based on the nature of the Geiger-mode detector. We generated sample data using the simulator with the system parameters and analyzed the detection performance by comparing the simulated points to the reference points. The proportion of the outliers in the simulated points reached 25.53%, indicating the need for efficient outlier elimination algorithms. In addition, the false alarm rate and dropout rate of the designed system were computed as 1.76% and 1.06%, respectively.
Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism and in their relatives (2009)

We tested the hypothesis that fibrin structure/function is unfavorably altered in patients after idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and their relatives. Ex vivo plasma fibrin clot permeability, turbidimetry, and efficiency of fibrinolysis were investigated in 100 patients with first-ever VTE, including 34 with pulmonary embolism (PE), 100 first-degree relatives, and 100 asymptomatic controls with no history of thrombotic events. Known thrombophilia, cancer, trauma, and surgery were exclusion criteria. VTE patients and their relatives were characterized by lower clot permeability (P < .001), lower compaction (P < .001), higher maximum clot absorbancy (P < .001), and prolonged clot lysis time (P < .001) than controls, with more pronounced abnormalities, except maximum clot absorbance, in the patients versus relatives (all P < .01). Fibrin clots obtained for PE patients were more permeable, less compact, and were lysed more efficiently compared with deep-vein thrombosis patients (all P < .05) with no differences in their relatives. Being VTE relative, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of clot permeability and fibrinolysis time in combined analysis of controls and relatives. We conclude that altered fibrin clot features are associated with idiopathic VTE with a different profile of fibrin variables in PE. Similar features can be detected in VTE relatives. Fibrin properties might represent novel risk factors for thrombosis.