gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Slow-Release Oral Morphine for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (2005)

The high study retention rate implies a good acceptance of slow-release acting oral morphine. However, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy studies with a longer investigational period are needed to meet criteria for evidence-based medicine.
Discovery of a trough xylophone in northern Mozambique (1963)

The discovery of a trough xylophone near Lake Chilwa in Northern Mozambique might be of some interest to students of relations between Indonesian and African Music.would like if my short article could be taken as a travellers account only and not as the expression of any attitude towards a particular theory.It was by chance that we came to find Mario Santu, player of a trough xylophone on the 4th of October, 1962, some 2 kms. east of a small place called Chitambo on the road from Milango to Molumbo.Arriving at the house, I saw a large trough xylophone standing in the shade of the grass roof and the owner and player, a man of perhaps 35 years, saluted us.The kind of xylophone played by Mario is called Mambira2, according to his own indication and that of many other people at Chitambo. It had seventeen keys of a light coloured wood. The keys were placed over a trough-like resonator, which, however, was not one piece of wood, but consisted of five parts nailed together.
Synthesis and characterization of magneto-rheological (MR) fluids for MR brake application (2015)

Magneto rheological (MR) fluid technology has been proven for many industrial applications like shock absorbers, actuators, etc. MR fluid is a smart material whose rheological characteristics change rapidly and can be controlled easily in presence of an applied magnetic field. MR brake is a device to transmit torque by the shear stress of MR fluid. However, MR fluids exhibit yield stress of 50–90 kPa. In this research, an effort has been made to synthesize MR fluid sample/s which will typically meet the requirements of MR brake applications. In this study, various electrolytic and carbonyl iron powder based MR fluids have been synthesized by mixing grease as a stabilizer, oleic acid as an antifriction additive and gaur gum powder as a surface coating to reduce agglomeration of the MR fluid. MR fluid samples based on sunflower oil, which is bio-degradable, environmentally friendly and abundantly available have also been synthesized. These MR fluid samples are characterized for determination of magnetic, morphological and rheological properties. This study helps identify most suitable localized MR fluid meant for MR brake application.
Potential host range of multiple SARS-like coronaviruses and an improved ACE2-Fc variant that is potent against both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 (2020)

SUMMARY The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a currently uncontrolled pandemic and the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is important to study the host range of SARS-CoV-2 because some domestic species might harbor the virus and transmit it back to humans. In addition, insight into the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-like viruses to utilize animal orthologs of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 might provide structural insight into improving ACE2-based viral entry inhibitors. Here we show that ACE2 orthologs of a wide range of domestic and wild animals support entry of SARS-CoV-2, as well as that of SARS-CoV-1, bat coronavirus RaTG13, and a coronavirus isolated from pangolins. Some of these species, including camels, cattle, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, cats, and rabbits may serve as potential intermediate hosts for new human transmission, and rabbits in particular may serve as a useful experimental model of COVID-19. We show that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 entry could be potently blocked by recombinant IgG Fc-fusion proteins of viral spike protein receptor-binding domains (RBD-Fc) and soluble ACE2 (ACE2-Fc). Moreover, an ACE2-Fc variant, which carries a D30E mutation and has ACE2 truncated at its residue 740 but not 615, outperforms all the other ACE2-Fc variants on blocking entry of both viruses. Our data suggest that RBD-Fc and ACE2-Fc could be used to treat and prevent infection of SARS-CoV-2 and any new viral variants that emerge over the course of the pandemic.
Merchant Benefits and Public Policy towards Interchange: An Economic Assessment (2005)

We analyze the complex nature of interactions among participants in "two-sided" payments system markets, examine empirical evidence on benefits, especially merchant benefits, and re-assess the role of interchange in balancing interests and allocating costs between merchants and consumers. We conclude there are substantial potential harms to payments systems, consumers, and merchants from imposing cost-based regulation of interchange fees, particularly with network fixed costs. Competition policy, in our view, is the best prescription  through government intervention under the antitrust laws or private challenges to exclusionary strategies that hamper competition to the detriment of cardholders, merchants, and competing networks.
Sweet Cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) Response to Simulated Drift from Selected Herbicides (1992)

This study evaluated the response of sweet cherry to different herbicides applied at rates simulating drift. Chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, bromoxynil, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and a combination of 2,4-D and glyphosate were applied on one side of one- and two-year-old established cherry trees at 1/3, 1/10, 1/33, and 1/100 of the maximum rate for small grain production. The order of herbicide phytotoxicity was chlorsulfuron > 2,4-D > glyphosate > 2,4-D + glyphosate > thifensulfuron > bromoxynil. Trees recovered from injury caused by all treatments except higher rates of chlorsulfuron, 2,4-D, and glyphosate. The herbicides caused characteristic symptoms, but some resembled disease, mineral deficiency, and environmental stress symptoms. Therefore, any allegations about herbicide drift based on chronic symptoms should be supported by analysis of plant tissue.
Exploration of peptides bound to <scp>MHC</scp> class I molecules in melanoma (2015)

Advancements in high-resolution HPLC and mass spectrometry have reinvigorated the application of this technology to identify peptides eluted from immunopurified MHC class I molecules. Three melanoma cell lines were assessed using w6/32 isolation, peptide elution and HPLC purification; peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. A total of 13,829 peptides were identified; 83-87% of these were 8-11 mers. Only approximately 15% have been described before. Subcellular locations of the source proteins showed even sampling; mRNA expression and total protein length were predictive of the number of peptides detected from a single protein. HLA-type binding prediction for 10,078 9/10 mer peptides assigned 88-95% to a patient-specific HLA subtype, revealing a disparity in strength of predicted binding. HLA-B*27-specific isolation successfully identified some peptides not found using w6/32. Sixty peptides were selected for immune screening, based on source protein and predicted HLA binding; no new peptides recognized by antimelanoma T cells were discovered. Additionally, mass spectrometry was unable to identify several epitopes targeted ex vivo by one patient's T cells.
Sparse matrix storage revisited (2005)

In this paper, we consider alternate ways of storing a sparse matrix and their effect on computational speed. They involve keeping both the indices and the non-zero elements in the sparse matrix in a single data structure. These schemes thus help reduce memory system misses that occur when the usual indexing based storage schemes are used to store sparse matrices and give promising performance improvements.
Deep Submicron III-V on Si-Based Esaki Diode (2010)

Esaki tunneling diodes are reemerging as a viable technology option in helping to improve speed and performance of many high speed device applications. The revival of this technology may be linked to the development of new substrates available to research that allows for the fabrication of a device comparable to current silicon technology. Using a 111-V on Silicon Substrate, it was demonstrated that it is possible to create working Esaki Tunneling Diodes.
Neurogenesis and Alzheimers Disease: Biology and Pathophysiology in Mice and Men (2010)

The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory and heavily affected in dementia. The presence of stem cells in this structure has led to an increased interest in the phenomenon of adult neurogenesis and its role in hippocampal functioning. Not surprising, investigators of Alzheimer's disease have also evaluated adult neurogenesis due to its responsiveness to hippocampal damage. Although causal relationships have not been established, many factors known to impact neurogenesis in the hippocampus, are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, adult neurogenesis has been proposed to reflect a "neurogenic reserve" that may determine vulnerability to hippocampal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Since neurogenesis is modifiable, stimulation of this process, or the potential use of stem cells, recruited endogenously or implanted by transplantation, has been speculated as a possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. As the structural and molecular mechanisms governing adult neurogenesis are important for evaluating therapeutic strategies, we will here review collective literature findings and speculate about the future of this field with a focus on findings from Alzheimer's mouse models. Continued research in this area and use of these models is critical for evaluating if neurogenesis based therapeutic strategies will indeed have the potential to aid those with degenerative conditions.
BiPAP machine on the patients with acute severe organophosphorus pesticides poisoning during sequential invasive mechanical ventilation therapy (2009)

Objective To investigate the value of BiPAP machine on the patients with acute se-vere organophosphorus pesticides poisoning (ASOPP) during sequential invasive mechanical ventilation therapy. Methods One hundred ASOPP patients with respiratory failure were ventilated through an en-dotracheal tube. The patients were divided into two groups randomly: traditional group (40 cases) and BiPAP group (60 cases). The parameters of hemodynamics both before and after the therapy with BiPAP, HR, BP, SpO when two hours after oxygen mechanical ventilation, and the reintubation rate was calculat-ed. The traditional group was treated with conventinal therapy alone. Results After therapy CK,CK -MB,AST and LDH were decreased markedly in the two groups, and there was significant difference (P 0.05). Compared with the traditional group, the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, the total time of ventilator assosance and the hospitalized time in ICU/ EICU were decreased markedly (P < 0. 05), but the incidence of ventilator associated,pneumonia (VAP) was similar in two groups. Reintubation rate was higher in the traditional group than the BiPAP group (P <0. 05). Conclusions The toleration of patients for BiPAP machine is better. The BiPAP can improve the ventilation function of IMS caused by ASOPP, make the conventional mechanical ventila-tion off- line successfully and decrease the reintubation rate.

Key words: 
Acute severe organophosphorus pesticides poisoning;  Mechanical ventilation;  Intubation rate;  Respiratory failure
Large-Scale Assembly of Silicon Nanowire Network-Based Devices Using Conventional Microfabrication Facilities (2008)

We present a method for assembling silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) in virtually general shape patterns using only conventional microfabrication facilities. In this method, silicon nanowires were functionalized with amine groups and dispersed in deionized water. The functionalized Si-NWs exhibited positive surface charges in the suspensions, and they were selectively adsorbed and aligned onto negatively charged surface regions on solid substrates. As a proof of concepts, we demonstrated transistors based on individual Si-NWs and long networks of Si-NWs.
Example based generation of custom data analysis appliances (2001)

Custom interfaces, which we call appliances, allow users to efficiently carry out specialized tasks. Without one, a user is often required to perform repetitive mechanical steps using general purpose interfaces, which we call tools. Much research has attempted to enable non-programmers to create appliances for themselves. We present a system in which a user can choose an example of the task behavior to be automated from a visualization of his past operations. The example is transformed into a visual language, using two simple rules to generalize from the single example to a class of tasks. The user can then edit this representation directly, or continue to refine the example using selective undo and redo. The visual representation can be transformed into an esthetically pleasing appliance by deleting irrelevant components, and rearranging, resizing, and relabeling other components. Restricting the domain to data analysis tasks enables a well-matched visual query language to be used. Appliance interactions are automatically provided by the underlying interactive visualization system in which the appliance is embedded. An observational study suggests that this system represents a useful point on the ease-of-use vs. expressive power tradeoff appropriate for data analysis, and that the ability to choose and modify examples after the fact is helpful.
A 1024-channel multifunction digital switching IC (1987)

A 16.3MHz switching IC Implemented in a 1.3μm CMOS technology will be detailed. Functions include bit phase and frame synchronization, 8/16b interface and maintenance tasks. An on-chip 216K RAM with 15ns access time has been implemented. The 8.5mm square chip dissipates 370mW.
Cuckoo Search Algorithm (2020)

The cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is a population-based algorithm, and its convergence is usually higher, even for potentially higher-dimensional problems. The algorithm is stable and robust, and has been applied in various applications. This chapter introduces the fundamentals of the standard cuckoo search algorithm with detailed descriptions of the main steps. Some demo codes in both Matlab and C++ are provided. Discussions of the efficient generation of L'evy flights are also given with examples.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDE SULFATES (1960)

Abstract not available
Analysis of the two-dimensional dark currents in quantum well devices (1990)

We present approximate analytical expressions for the principal forms of dark current, thermionic emission, and tunneling, which arise within a two-dimensional quantum well photodetector. A simple closed form expression for the two-dimensional thermionic emission current is obtained as well as a numerical result for the tunneling current. Though the dark currents are calculated making use of the usual approximation for the wave function of that for an infinite square well, these expressions are expected to yield reasonable estimates. These formulas can be applied to properly assess the resulting dark currents in photodetectors which utilize quantum well states for either detection or multiplication.
A simple room temperature fast reduction technique for preparation of a copper nanosheet powder (2016)

Growth of large nanosheets from small nanosheets by oriented attachment.
Dietary carbohydrate composition modifies the milk N efficiency in late lactation cows fed low crude protein diets (2013)

Nitrogen emissions from dairy cows can be readily decreased by lowering the dietary CP concentration. The main objective of this work was to test whether the milk protein yield reduction associated with low N intakes could be partially compensated for by modifying the dietary carbohydrate composition (CHO). The effects of CHO on digestion, milk N efficiency (milk N/N intake; MNE) and animal performance were studied in four Jersey cows fed 100% or 80% of the recommended protein requirements using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four iso-energetic diets were formulated to two different CHO sources (starch diets with starch content of 34.3% and NDF at 32.5%, and fiber diets with starch content of 5.5% and NDF at 49.1%) and two CP levels (Low=12.0% and Normal=16.5%). The apparent digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and the protein supply (protein digestible in the small intestine; PDIE) were similar between starch and fiber diets. As planned, microbial N flow (MNF) to the duodenum, estimated from the urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion, was similar between Low and Normal CP diets. However, the MNF and the efficiency of microbial synthesis (g of microbial N/kg apparently DOMI) were higher for starch v. fiber diets. Milk and milk N fractions (CP, true protein, non-protein N (NPN)) yield were higher for starch compared with fiber diets and for Normal v. Low CP diets. Fecal N excretion was similar across dietary treatments. Despite a higher milk N ouput with starch v. fiber diets, the CHO modified neither the urinary N excretion nor the milk urea-N (MUN) concentration. The milk protein yield relative to both N and PDIE intakes was improved with starch compared with fiber diets. Concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, urea and Glu increased and those of glucose and Ala decreased in plasma of cows fed starch v. fiber diets. On the other hand, plasma concentration of albumin, urea, insulin and His increased in cows fed Normal compared with Low CP diets. This study showed that decreasing the dietary CP proportion from 16.5% to 12.0% increases and decreases considerably the MNE and the urinary N excretion, respectively. Moreover, present results show that at similar digestible OM and PDIE intakes, diets rich in starch improves the MNE and could partially compensate for the negative effects of Low CP diets on milk protein yield.
Synthesis and Rearrangements of Imidazolo- and Triazolo-Diazines (1989)

3-Methylimidazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyrazine were prepared by coupling ethyl dithioacetate with 2-(aminomethyl)-pyridine and 2-hydrazinopyrazine, respectively. Both compounds are stable in dilute acids and bases, unlike 3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine obtained by coupling the same dithioacetate with 2-hydrazinopyrimidine, which quickly undergoes a Dimroth type rearrangement. Coupling ethyl dithioacetate with 2-hydrazino-4-hydroiy-6-methylpyrimidine yielded a mixture of 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a]-7(8H)-pyrimidone and 3,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-5(8H)-pyrimidone, which were identified by 2D nmr. The last compound underwent a Dimroth rearrangement with acids to yield 2,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-7(4H)-pyrimidone whereas the first did not. Finally, coupling ethyl dithioacetate with 5-chloro-4-hydrazinopyrimidine afforded 8-chloro-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine, which upon treatment with acids underwent a reversible ring opening to afford 2-chloro-1-formamido-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazolo-2-yl)ethene. The latter on pyrolysis gave the starting base without undergoing rearrangement. © 1989.
Improvement of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy of Human Cancer Using Ex-Vivo Gene Transfer (2002)

A variety of adoptive cellular strategies, aimed at boosting the immune system, have been tested in the management of metastatic diseases. Despite the drawbacks associated with ex vivo cell manipulation and upscaling, several such approaches have been assessed in the clinic. The use of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, auto-lymphocyte therapy (ALT) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been the best studied and further trials are ongoing. Thus far, these approaches have not consistently shown benefit when compared to standard immune-based treatment with biologic response modifiers, notably, high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). More recently, it has been shown, in various animal models, that the ex vivo transfer of genes to cells of the immune system can have a dramatic impact on cancer immunotherapy. The application of gene transfer techniques to immunotherapy has animated the field of cell-based cancer therapy research. A wide variety of viral and non-viral gene transfer methods have been investigated in this context. Ex vivo strategies include gene delivery into tumor cells and into cellular components of the immune system, including cytotoxic T cells, NK, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). Several of these approaches have already been translated into cancer therapy clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the rationale and types of ex vivo gene-based immunotherapy of cancer. Finally, the use of genetically modified DC for tumor vaccination and its prospects are discussed.
The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke (1997)

The epidemiological and biochemical evidence on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, with the supporting evidence of tobacco specific carcinogens in the blood and urine of non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, provides compelling confirmation that breathing other people's tobacco smoke is a cause of lung cancer.
Potent and Selective PPAR-α Agonist LY518674 Upregulates Both ApoA-I Production and Catabolism in Human Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome (2008)

Activation of PPAR-alpha with LY518674 (100 microg) in subjects with metabolic syndrome and low HDL-C increased the VLDL apoB-100 FCR consistent with enhanced lipolysis of plasma triglyceride. Significant increases in the apoA-I and apoA-II production rates were accompanied by increased FCRs resulting in no change in HDL-C levels. These data indicate a major effect of LY518674 on the production and clearance of apoA-I and HDL despite no change in the plasma concentration. The effect of these changes on reverse cholesterol transport remains to be determined.
Optical system of extreme ultraviolet lithography (2010)

Extreme UltraViolet Lithography(EUVL)has been regarded as a promising lithographic technology following ArF immersion lithography for the 32 nm hp node and beyond and the EUV optical exposure system consisting of a illumination system and a projection system is a key part in the EUVL.This paper introduces several kinds of EUVL tools at home and abroad and gives their optical specifications.Then,it summarizes the principles of optical design for EUVLs and reviews the design requirements for the illumination and projection systems,respectively.Finally,it describes the design methods of illumination and projection systems in EUVLs,especially,it discusses a aspheric 6-mirror projection optics which is suitable for 22 nm EVUL technology and gives the improvement method of illumination uniformity for the illumination system.
Observation of Subnatural Linewidths by Two-Step Resonant Scattering in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Vapor (1979)

Observation of linewidths narrower than the natural width with use of a two-step resonant scattering scheme in ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ is reported. The 80-kHz-wide hyperfine lines obtained for the $B{{0}_{\mathrm{u}}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{g}}}^{+}(43,11)$ $R(15)$ transition are used and as high-resolution probes for collisional studies. Applications to frequency standards are considered. Also included are high-resolution measurements of the ac Stark effect in a folded Doppler-broadened system in ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$.
A Simpler Proof Of The Average Case Complexity Of Union-Find WithPath Compression (2005)

We present a modified union-find algorithm that represent the data in an array rather than the commonly used pointer-based data structures, and a simpler proof that the average case complexity of the union-find algorithm is linear.