gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large aperture CO2 laser discharges (1973)

Large aperture high-pressure gas laser discharges are a prerequisite for the development of high-energy gas lasers of sufficient power for the production of plasmas of thermonuclear interest. Of the several approaches being followed toward the attainment of such discharges, one utilizing weak volumetric preionization of the active gas region produced by UV radiation is described. The use of this technique has resulted in the successful generation of atmospheric-pressure CO, laser dis- charges between electrodes separated by 30 cm, having total cross sec- tions of -600 cm2. With input energies of -200 J/I small signal gain values of 4-5 percent cm-I were measured in 1 : 1 : 3 gas mixtures of CO,, N,, and He, respectively. It is thus concluded that this excitation technique could be incorporated into the fabrication of large volume gas laser amplifiers having beam cross sections in excess of lo3 cmz and total output- energy capabilities of - 10' J.
Visualization of binding sites for bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84) on cultured kidney cells with a biotinyl-b-PTH (1-84) antagonist. (1986)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors have been found in a subpopulation of kidney cells. In this report, we investigated the feasibility of techniques that apply a partial antagonist of PTH conjugated to biotin to localize receptors cytochemically on bovine kidney cortical cells in monolayer culture at the light microscopic level. Biotinylated bovine PTH (1-84) (biotinyl-PTH) was bound to the cultured cells for 1-30 min at 37 degrees C in the amounts of 10(-5) -10(-10) M. In a different set of experiments, the cells were also exposed to a solution containing 10(-6) M biotinylated PTH and an excess of unlabeled PTH, insulin, adrenocorticotropin, or calcitonin for 10 and 30 min at 37 degrees C to test the specificity of the binding. The cells were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and stained with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. Diffuse labeling was evident on 30% of the cells in 10 min with concentrations of biotinyl-PTH as low as 10(-8) M. The stain was diffuse, but more intense after 1-10 min in higher concentrations (10(-6) M). If a 15-1500-fold excess of unlabeled PTH was added to the biotinyl-PTH, no staining was observed. The other peptides (insulin, ACTH or calcitonin) had no effect on binding. Longer times in biotinyl-PTH (10(-6) M for 10-30 min) resulted in intense patches of label on the cells resembling caps (in addition to the pale diffuse label). The percentage of labeled cells in the monolayer (30%) did not change with time. These studies show that a partial antagonist of PTH can be used as a cytochemical probe for specific PTH receptors in a subpopulation of cultured cortical kidney cells.
Thrice Out of Africa: Ancient and Recent Expansions of the Honey Bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i> (2006)

We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has involved the near-replacement of previously introduced "European" honey bees by descendants of more recently introduced A. m. scutellata ("African" or "killer" bees). Our analyses of spatial transects and temporal series in the New World revealed differential replacement of alleles derived from eastern versus western Europe, with admixture evident in all individuals.
Deep learning helicopter dynamics models (2015)

We consider the problem of system identification of helicopter dynamics. Helicopters are complex systems, coupling rigid body dynamics with aerodynamics, engine dynamics, vibration, and other phenomena. Resultantly, they pose a challenging system identification problem, especially when considering non-stationary flight regimes. We pose the dynamics modeling problem as direct high-dimensional regression, and take inspiration from recent results in Deep Learning to represent the helicopter dynamics with a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) Network Model, a hierarchical neural network model. We provide a simple method for initializing the parameters of the model, and optimization details for training. We describe three baseline models and show that they are significantly outperformed by the ReLU Network Model in experiments on real data, indicating the power of the model to capture useful structure in system dynamics across a rich array of aerobatic maneuvers. Specifically, the ReLU Network Model improves 58% overall in RMS acceleration prediction over state-of-the-art methods. Predicting acceleration along the helicopter's up-down axis is empirically found to be the most difficult, and the ReLU Network Model improves by 60% over the prior state-of-the-art. We discuss explanations of these performance gains, and also investigate the impact of hyperparameters in the novel model.
Towards a Definition of Source-Code Plagiarism (2008)

A survey using a scenario-based questionnaire format has provided insight into the perceptions of U.K academics who teach programming on computing courses. This survey across various higher education (HE) institutions investigates what academics feel constitutes source-code plagiarism in an undergraduate context. Academics' responses on issues surrounding source-code reuse and acknowledgement are discussed. A general consensus exists among academics that a ldquozero tolerancerdquo plagiarism policy is appropriate; however, some issues concerning source-code reuse and acknowledgement raised controversial responses. This paper discusses the most important findings from the survey and proposes a definition of what can constitute source-code plagiarism from the perspective of U.K. academics who teach programming on computing courses.
Lung Mechanics (2009)

With mathematical and computational models furthering our understanding of lung mechanics, function and disease, this book provides an all-inclusive introduction to the topic from a quantitative standpoint. Focusing on inverse modeling, the reader is guided through the theory in a logical progression, from the simplest models up to state-of-the-art models that are both dynamic and nonlinear. Key tools used in biomedical engineering research, such as regression theory, linear and nonlinear systems theory, and the Fourier transform, are explained. Derivations of important physical principles, such as the Poiseuille equation and the wave speed equation, from first principles are also provided. Example applications to experimental data throughout illustrate physiological relevance, whilst problem sets at the end of each chapter provide practice and test reader comprehension. This book is ideal for biomedical engineering and biophysics graduate students and researchers wishing to understand this emerging field.
Rate Distortion Optimized Inter-View Frame Level Bit Allocation Method for MV-HEVC (2015)

In multi-view video coding, since inter-view prediction has been adopted as an important coding tool which could improve coding efficiency greatly, inter-view dependency is inevitable, i.e., the distortion of the reference view (RV) picture could be propagated to the non-reference view (NRV) pictures . Therefore, in order to achieve higher coding efficiency , the inter-view dependency must be taken into account for inter-view bit allocation. In this paper, the inter-view dependency is analyzed in detail, and a rate-distortion (RD) model for NRVs is derived by taking the distortion of RV into account. Based on the derived RD model, the inter-view bit allocation is represented as a mathematical problem with an analytic form, and is solved by a convex optimization (Lagrangian Multiplier) method. Experimental results demonstrate that the RD performance and the inter-view quality consistency of the proposed method is better than existing methods, while the complexity of the proposed method is comparable with the existing methods.
Monitoring Intrusions and Security Breaches in Highly Distributed Cloud Environments (2011)

Cloud computing is a new computing model, and security is ranked first among its challenges. This paper reviews existing security monitoring mechanisms compared with new challenges which are caused by this new model. We highlight possible weaknesses in existing monitoring mechanisms, and propose approaches to mitigate them.
An automatic netlist-to-schematic generator (1993)

The N2S schematic generator, which uses a variable-ordering technique in the initial placement phase and simple heuristics in the final placement phase, is described. Its channel-routing techniques result in signal routing with minimal crossovers. The authors demonstrate the efficiency of N2S by applying it to a set of benchmark sequential circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly-Efficient Backlight for Liquid Crystal Display Having no Optical Films (2004)

We propose a highly-efficient backlight that requires no optical films with a polymer containing spherical particles of micron size. The backlight developed is provided with microprisms at the bottom surface, which can reflect the incident light directly into the front direction. A modeling simulation program, employing a Monte Carlo method based on Mie scattering theory, has optimized both the prismatic condition and the multiple scattering characteristics. We confirm that a uniformity of brightness can be achieved without using any optical films, resulting in a high optical efficiency of 62%.
CCBE1 Is Essential for Mammalian Lymphatic Vascular Development and Enhances the Lymphangiogenic Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C In Vivo (2011)

Our data identify CCBE1 as a factor critically required for budding and migration of Prox-1(+) lymphatic endothelial cells from the cardinal vein. CCBE1 probably exerts these effects through binding to components of the extracellular matrix. CCBE1 has little lymphangiogenic effect on its own but dramatically enhances the lymphangiogenic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in vivo. Thus, our data suggest CCBE1 to be essential but not sufficient for lymphangiogenesis.
[Chemoradiotherapy for advanced gastric cancer]. (2012)

In the US and Europe, chemoradiotherapy has become a standard treatment not only for head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and rectal cancer, but also for gastric cancer. In particular, chemoradiotherapy has been established as an adjuvant therapy. In Japan, it has not been established as a standard treatment. Its indications are limited, and it is often performed as palliative care. Disadvantages of radiation therapy for gastric cancer include the difficulty of establishing the area to irradiate due to peristaltic movement, risk of perforation and ulceration from high-dose radiation, and ineffectiveness against adenocarcinoma with low radiosensitivity. In recent years, technological advancement of radiation therapy has enabled pinpoint accuracy in the treatment of primary gastric lesions and regional lymph nodes. There has been much anticipation that chemoradiotherapy will become a part of multidisciplinary treatment for advanced cancer. This report describes the current state of chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer in Japan and overseas, and outlines our approach to locally advanced gastric cancer.
Effect of Anti-PGE Antibody On Cell-mediated Immune Response in Thermally Injured Mice (1988)

Prostaglandin E (PGE) production is elevated in burn-injured individuals and has been implicated as a mechanism in thermal injury-induced immunosuppression. Profound depression of cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) is a characteristic effect of burn injury, and was evaluated using the popliteal lymph node assay for graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft responsiveness in mice. Preservation of CMIR after burn injury was observed in animals treated with 40 mg/kg ibuprofen and in mice given anti-PGE antibody. It appears that PGE is a central immunoregulatory mediator of suppressed CMIR following thermal injury and that treatment resulting in inhibition of PGE production or neutralization of PGE with anti-PGE antibody prevented burn-induced immunosuppression.
StoryFlow: Tracking the Evolution of Stories (2013)

Storyline visualizations, which are useful in many applications, aim to illustrate the dynamic relationships between entities in a story. However, the growing complexity and scalability of stories pose great challenges for existing approaches. In this paper, we propose an efficient optimization approach to generating an aesthetically appealing storyline visualization, which effectively handles the hierarchical relationships between entities over time. The approach formulates the storyline layout as a novel hybrid optimization approach that combines discrete and continuous optimization. The discrete method generates an initial layout through the ordering and alignment of entities, and the continuous method optimizes the initial layout to produce the optimal one. The efficient approach makes real-time interactions (e.g., bundling and straightening) possible, thus enabling users to better understand and track how the story evolves. Experiments and case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the optimization approach.
Influence of fermentable fiber on small intestinal dimensions and transport of glucose and proline in dogs (1999)

Diets containing fermentable fibers increase small intestinal dimensions and the capacity for nutrient absorption in dogs. These changes may reduce the risk of enteric infections or aid in treatment of intestinal diseases, particularly those involving reduced nutrient absorption.
[Pathogenetic factors of hemorrhage from esophageal varices]. (1990)

Esophageal varices nearly always rupture at or just above the gastro-esophageal junction. Mucosal changes on top of the varices, the so-called red colour sign, are found in the majority of patients with a positive bleeding history. An increase of intraabdominal pressure and consequently a sudden pressure rise in the varices is thought of as a trigger cause. The larger the esophageal varices the higher the intravariceal and the transmural varix pressures. The portal pressure in patients with portal hypertension is subjected to considerable changes. Therefore, hemodynamic measurements at rest may have a prognostic value with regard to predisposition to hemorrhage, but they are less significant than endoscopic parameters. Disturbances of blood hemostasis and ascites indicating an impaired liver function are essential predisponable factors for the onset of bleedings. A peptic lesion caused by acid gastric-esophageal reflux is of less importance for the occurrence of variceal hemorrhage.
Deduplication in SSDs: Model and quantitative analysis (2012)

In NAND Flash-based SSDs, deduplication can provide an effective resolution of three critical issues: cell lifetime, write performance, and garbage collection overhead. However, deduplication at SSD device level distinguishes itself from the one at enterprise storage systems in many aspects, whose success lies in proper exploitation of underlying very limited hardware resources and workload characteristics of SSDs. In this paper, we develop a novel deduplication framework elaborately tailored for SSDs. We first mathematically develop an analytical model that enables us to calculate the minimum required duplication rate in order to achieve performance gain given deduplication overhead. Then, we explore a number of design choices for implementing deduplication components by hardware or software. As a result, we propose two acceleration techniques: sampling-based filtering and recency-based fingerprint management. The former selectively applies deduplication based upon sampling and the latter effectively exploits limited controller memory while maximizing the deduplication ratio. We prototype the proposed deduplication framework in three physical hardware platforms and investigate deduplication efficiency according to various CPU capabilities and hardware/software alternatives. Experimental results have shown that we achieve the duplication rate ranging from 4% to 51%, with an average of 17%, for the nine workloads considered in this work. The response time of a write request can be improved by up to 48% with an average of 15%, while the lifespan of SSDs is expected to increase up to 4.1 times with an average of 2.4 times.
’NW European Gas Atlas’ – new implications for the Carboniferous gas plays in the western part of the Southern Permian Basin (1999)

The ‘Northwest European Gas Atlas’ comprises maps on characteristics (e.g. molecular and isotopic compositions) of natural gases in northwest European gas fields, on the distribution and facies of source and reservoir rocks, on maturities, and other relevant geological information. The mapped area includes the entire Southern Permian Basin from the Southern North Sea to central Poland. Palaeozoic source rocks in the Dinantian, Namurian and Westphalian have been identified in the western part of the Southern Permian Basin. They contain kerogens of marine (Type I and II) and continental origin with TOC contents as high as 12%. There are two Carboniferous production provinces in this area: C1 in the Southern North Sea and C2 in the area along the border between The Netherlands and Germany. The natural gas in most of the C1 production province has methane contents of more than 80%; in most of the C2 province even more than 85%. Nitrogen is the second most abundant constituent in both provinces. Carbon dioxide plays a significant role only locally in the areas of intrusive rocks. Isotope data show that the source of the natural gases in the C2 province is a terrestrial rock (Westphalian). In the C1 province, the gases are of mixed origin: a low maturity terrestrial source rock (Westphalian) and a more mature marine source rock (?Namurian).
A Method for Isolation of Islets of Langerhans from the Human Pancreas (1984)

A method has been developed for the isolation of islets of Langerhans from the human pancreas. The average number of islets isolated was 1011 islets per gram of pancreas (SD 475, range 752-2111), and the purity of the preparation as defined by histologic examination and specific staining for insulin varied from 10% to 40%. Islet structure was well preserved and the islets were shown to be viable by supravital staining, demonstration of insulin response to glucose, and by transplantation of isolated islets beneath the renal capsule of nude mice. The essential features of this technique for isolation of human islets include injection of a high concentration of collagenase (6 mg/ml) into the pancreatic duct under pressure, followed by a short incubation (23 min) at 39 degrees C. The gland is then dispersed by a process of teasing and shaking, and the islets are separated by a two-stage process of filtration on a nylon mesh to remove the larger islets and centrifugation on a preformed Ficoll density gradient to separate the small islets.
Comparative Study on the Reactivity of 6‐Haloimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives Towards Negishi‐ and Stille‐Coupling Reactions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Real-time whole-body human motion tracking based on unlabeled markers (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel online approach for tracking whole-body human motion based on unlabeled measurements of markers attached to the body. For that purpose, we employ a given kinematic model of the human body including the locations of the attached markers. Based on the model, we apply a combination of constrained sample-based Kalman filtering and multi-target tracking techniques: 1) joint constraints imposed by the human body are satisfied by introducing a parameter transformation based on periodic functions, 2) a global nearest neighbor (GNN) algorithm computes the most likely one-to-one association between markers and measurements, and 3) multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) allows for a robust initialization that only requires an upright standing user. Evaluations clearly demonstrate that the proposed tracking provides highly accurate pose estimates in realtime, even for fast and complex motions. In addition, it provides robustness to partial occlusion of markers and also handles unavoidable clutter measurements.
Note du rédacteur en chef (2008)

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The Politics of Workers' Control (1973)

The National Workers’ Control Conference in Newcastle was in many ways a milepost in the history of working class struggle in Australia, and it is the clear duty of the revolutionary left to support the new militancy and selfconfidence displayed there. But, in itself, that support is insufficient. Gramsci described the revolutionary party as “the general staff of the working class”. By that he meant that the party must familiarise itself with every relevant aspect of the class struggle - the historical conjuncture, the strength and the strategies of the enemy and the fighting strength of the working class itself. Using this Knowledge, it must produce a clear strategy for the class whose instrument it is, and it must do everything in its power to popularise and implement that strategy.
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Direct Aldol Reaction in an Aqueous Medium (2007)

We have demonstrated that small organic molecules 1 and 2 catalyzed the direct aldol reaction of both acyclic and cyclic ketones with different aldehydes in an excess of water/brine. Excellent enantioselectivities up to >99% and diastereoselectivities up to 99% with very good yields were obtained by using much lower catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %).
MicroRNAs down-regulate homologous recombination in the G1 phase of cycling cells to maintain genomic stability (2014)

Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB)s is restricted to the post-replicative phases of the cell cycle. Initiation of HR in the G1 phase blocks non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) impairing DSB repair. Completion of HR in G1 cells can lead to the loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), which is potentially carcinogenic. We conducted a gain-of-function screen to identify miRNAs that regulate HR-mediated DSB repair, and of these miRNAs, miR-1255b, miR-148b*, and miR-193b* specifically suppress the HR-pathway in the G1 phase. These miRNAs target the transcripts of HR factors, BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51, and inhibiting miR-1255b, miR-148b*, and miR-193b* increases expression of BRCA1/BRCA2/RAD51 specifically in the G1-phase leading to impaired DSB repair. Depletion of CtIP, a BRCA1-associated DNA end resection protein, rescues this phenotype. Furthermore, deletion of miR-1255b, miR-148b*, and miR-193b* in independent cohorts of ovarian tumors correlates with significant increase in LOH events/chromosomal aberrations and BRCA1 expression.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02445.001.