gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mooney scorch time and cure index of epoxidized natural rubber in presence of sodium carbonate (2001)

Abstract The effect of sodium carbonate on the Mooney scorch time and cure index of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) was studied with concentrations of 0–2 phr and 100–160°C temperatures. A conventional vulcanization system based on an ASTM formulation was used throughout the investigation on the gum and carbon black filled rubber compound. The results indicated that the scorch time and cure index for the gum and filled compounds increased to a maximum value at 0.15 phr of sodium carbonate, and further loading of sodium carbonate caused it to decrease. This observation was attributed to the neutralization of the residual acid in ENR 50 in the initial stage, thus reducing the formation of ether crosslinks via an acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening reaction with the epoxide group in ENR 50. However, as the sodium carbonate was increased beyond 0.15 phr, the excess sodium carbonate enhanced the vulcanization rate as shown by the drop of the scorch time and cure index. The peak maximum was more evident at lower temperature and its peak height decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting that the neutralization effect by sodium carbonate was overshadowed by the faster cure rate resulting from the availability of thermal energy to overcome the activation energy of vulcanization as the temperature was elevated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1352–1355, 2001
Scenarios of the future (2013)

Scenario planning starts from the future and works back, and in that process ideally reveals more creative opportunities for sustainable veterinary practice success.
A Strain-Specific Catalase Mutation and Mutation of the Metal-Binding Transporter Gene <i>mntC</i> Attenuate <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> In Vivo but Not by Increasing Susceptibility to Oxidative Killing by Phagocytes (2008)

ABSTRACT The hallmark of gonorrhea is an intense inflammatory response that is characterized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with intracellular gonococci. A redundancy of defenses may protect Neisseria gonorrhoeae from phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species. Here we showed that a gonococcal catalase ( kat ) mutant in strain MS11 was more sensitive to H 2 O 2 than mutants in cytochrome c peroxidase ( ccp ), methionine sulfoxide reductase ( msrA ), or the metal-binding protein ( mntC ) of the MntABC transporter. kat ccp and kat ccp mntC mutants were significantly more sensitive to H 2 O 2 than mutants in any single factor. None of the mutants showed increased susceptibility to murine PMNs. Recovery of the mntC and kat ccp mntC mutants from the lower genital tract of BALB/c mice, but not the kat or kat ccp mutants, was significantly reduced relative to wild-type bacteria. Interestingly, unlike the MS11 kat mutant, a kat mutant of strain FA1090 was attenuated during competitive infection with wild-type FA1090 bacteria. The FA1090 kat mutant and MS11 mntC mutant were also attenuated in mice that are unable to generate a phagocytic respiratory burst. We conclude that inactivation of three well-characterized antioxidant genes ( kat , ccp , and mntC ) does not increase gonococcal susceptibility to the phagocytic respiratory burst during infection and that gonococcal catalase and the MntC protein confer an unidentified advantage in vivo. In the case of catalase, this advantage is strain specific. Finally, we also showed that an msrA mutant of strain MS11 demonstrated delayed attenuation in BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, MsrA/B also appears to play a role in infection that is dependent on host genetic background.
Adenovirus inhibition of cellular protein synthesis is prevented by the drug 2-aminopurine. (1990)

Adenovirus infection results in the suppression of cellular protein synthesis, but the mechanism has not been established. In this report we demonstrate that the shut-off of cellular protein synthesis by adenovirus is prevented in cells by treatment with the drug 2-aminopurine. Treatment with 2-aminopurine is shown to prevent suppression of cellular translation without disrupting the normal viral block in the transport of cellular mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. We show that viral suppression of cellular protein synthesis occurs concomitant with activation of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated inhibitor (DAI), a protein kinase, and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha), but that prevention of host cell shut-off by 2-aminopurine occurs without a decrease in kinase activity or a dephosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha. Results are presented that indicate that activation of DAI kinase and phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha may be required but are not sufficient to achieve inhibition of cellular protein synthesis during adenovirus infection. We suggest that other events, in particular the modification of additional initiation factors, are likely involved in viral inhibition of cellular translation.
Sonochemical Degradation of Phenol in Dilute Aqueous Solutions: Comparison of the Reaction Rates at 20 and 487 kHz (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSonochemical Degradation of Phenol in Dilute Aqueous Solutions: Comparison of the Reaction Rates at 20 and 487 kHzChristian Petrier, Marie-Francoise Lamy, Anne Francony, Abdallah Benahcene, Bernard David, Viviane Renaudin, and Nicolas GondrexonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 41, 10514–10520Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100092a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100092a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1278Altmetric-Citations345LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
GEMS tabulation database design issues in relation to voting systems certification standards (2007)

This paper analyzes the Diebold Election Systems, Inc. election management software (GEMS) using publicly accessible postings of GEMS election databases. It finds that the GEMS architecture fails to conform to fundamental database design principles and software industry standards for ensuring accurate data. Thus, in election tabulations, aspects of the GEMS design can lead to, or fail to protect against, erroneous reporting of election results. Further, GEMS's dependence on Microsoft's JET technology introduces additional risks to data accuracy and security.

Despite these technical and systemic deficiencies, GEMS received approval as complying with Federal Voting System 2002 standards. Questions then arise concerning the adequacy of the 2002 and 2005 regulatory standards. The paper concludes that the standards structurally encourage and reward election system vendors for using less exacting database design standards.
Gene Expression of Stromelysin and Aggrecan in Osteoarthritic Cartilage (2001)

The positive correlation between AGG and MMP-3 suggests a common regulation of anabolic and catabolic metabolism. There was no simple dependency between gene expression and histological and radiological findings in cartilage.
Micromachined end-effector and techniques for directed MEMS assembly (2004)

A micromachined end-effector along with techniques in micromanipulation for directed micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) assembly is presented. A passive end-effector, fabricated in a 50 µm thick single crystal silicon (SCS) deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) process, is compared with a microgripper made with the same process. With this passive tool, pick and place assembly of MEMS components can be accomplished reliably, since the end-effector is more mechanically robust than comparable microgrippers. This end-effector can withstand an order of magnitude more force than conventional MEMS based microgrippers used for microassembly. In addition, the elimination of any actuation reduces packaging complexity and allows easier integration of sensing mechanisms for feedback control. This simplified passive end-effector with an integrated electrical contact sensor is also presented, along with assembly techniques and designs used for directed pick and place MEMS assembly. Both mechanical and electrical MEMS interconnects are demonstrated.
Sex estimation using the first cervical vertebra (1995)

The articular surfaces and vertebral foramen area of the first cervical vertebra are sexually dimorphic and can be used to sex complete or fragmentary specimens. Eight measurements were taken from the articular regions (superior and inferior) of 100 first cervical vertebrae from Terry collection specimens housed at the Smithsonian Institution. Seven regression and seven discriminant function equations were created that predict sex with 77-85% and 75-85% accuracy, respectively. In separate control tests, measurements from 100 first cervical vertebrae from Hamann-Todd collection individuals (Cleveland Museum of Natural History) and from 34 archaeological specimens were used with the Terry equations. The control samples were sexed with 60-85% accuracy.
Polarization insensitive widely tunable all-optical clock recovery based on AM mode-locking of a fiber ring laser (2000)

All-optical clock recovery based on injection mode locking of a fiber ring laser is demonstrated by utilizing a fast semiconductor saturable absorber. The recovered clock is jitter free and completely insensitive to the state of polarization of the injection signal. Moreover, the clock wavelength can be tuned over the whole gain bandwidth of the EDFA.
Optical waveguide lens measurement using an image processing system (1988)

An image processing system was used to evaluate optical waveguide lens performance. The focal length, the focal spot size, and the efficiency of geodesic lenses formed on ion-exchanged waveguides were measured nondestructively, and beams propagating along the curved guiding surface of the waveguide lens were observed.
Preparation of Zr-RICH Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> thin films and their properties (1998)

Abstract An RF planar magnetron sputtering equipment with three cathodes was used to fabricate Zr-rich PZT thin films on PLT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a multi-target. The multi-target consisted of PbO and metal titanate pellets on a zirconium metal plate. The optimum sputtering conditions were a gas content of Ar:O2 = 8:2 Sccm, gas pressure of 5 × 10×3 Torr, RF power of 100 W and substrate temperatures of 630–660°C. Polycrystalline Zr-rich PZT thin films have been successfully grown onto platinum film substrates, although the crystal structures of films were sensitive to the substrate temperature. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, tan δ and pyroelectric current of the PZT films were measured. Significant peak for the pyroelectric current was observed at the transition temperature of about 90°C from a low temperature to high temperature rhombohedral ferroelectric phases in as-grown PZT films without a poling treatment. Therefore, Zr-rich PZT films sputtered on PLT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate possess desirable properties for potential applications to pyroelectric devices and a further goal was to integrate ferroelectric elements into semiconductor microelectronics devices.
Non-native pronunciation variation modeling using an indirect data driven method (2007)

In this paper, we propose a pronunciation variation modeling method for improving the performance of a non-native automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that does not degrade the performance of a native ASR system. The proposed method is based on an indirect data-driven approach, where pronunciation variability is investigated from the training speech data, and variant rules are subsequently derived and applied to compensate for variability in the ASR pronunciation dictionary. To this end, native utterances are first recognized by using a phoneme recognizer, and then the variant phoneme patterns of native speech are obtained by aligning the recognized and reference phonetic sequences. The reference sequences are transcribed by using each of canonical, knowledge-based, and hand-labeled methods. Similar to non-native speech, the variant phoneme patterns of non-native speech can also be obtained by recognizing non-native utterances and comparing the recognized phoneme sequences and reference phonetic transcriptions. Finally, variant rules are derived from native and non-native variant phoneme patterns using decision trees and applied to the adaptation of a dictionary for non-native and native ASR systems. In this paper, Korean spoken by Chinese native speakers is considered as the non-native speech. It is shown from non-native ASR experiments that an ASR system using the dictionary constructed by the proposed pronunciation variation modeling method can relatively reduce the average word error rate (WER) by 18.5% when compared to the baseline ASR system using a canonical transcribed dictionary. In addition, the WER of a native ASR system using the proposed dictionary is also relatively reduced by 1.1%, as compared to the baseline native ASR system with a canonical constructed dictionary.
New Materials at a Glance (2008)

Depositing materials on a substrate at a glancing angle can create new and unusual structures.
A stepwise validation of a wearable system for estimating energy expenditure in field-based research (2011)

Regular physical activity (PA) is an important contributor to a healthy lifestyle. Currently, standard sensor-based methods to assess PA in field-based research rely on a single accelerometer mounted near the body's center of mass. This paper introduces a wearable system that estimates energy expenditure (EE) based on seven recognized activity types. The system was developed with data from 32 healthy subjects and consists of a chest mounted heart rate belt and two accelerometers attached to a thigh and dominant upper arm. The system was validated with 12 other subjects under restricted lab conditions and simulated free-living conditions against indirect calorimetry, as well as in subjects' habitual environments for 2 weeks against the doubly labeled water method. Our stepwise validation methodology gradually trades reference information from the lab against realistic data from the field. The average accuracy for EE estimation was 88% for restricted lab conditions, 55% for simulated free-living conditions and 87% and 91% for the estimation of average daily EE over the period of 1 and 2 weeks.
Stereochemically matched (and mismatched) bisphosphine ligands: DIOP-DIPAMP hybrids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemically matched (and mismatched) bisphosphine ligands: DIOP-DIPAMP hybridsKevin Burgess, Michael J. Ohlmeyer, and Kenton H. WhitmireCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 11, 3588–3600Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00059a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00059a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Gap43, Marcks, and Cap23 Modulate Pi(4,5)p2 at Plasmalemmal Rafts, and Regulate Cell Cortex Actin Dynamics through a Common Mechanism (2000)

The dynamic properties of the cell cortex and its actin cytoskeleton determine important aspects of cell behavior and are a major target of cell regulation. GAP43, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), and CAP23 (GMC) are locally abundant, plasmalemma-associated PKC substrates that affect actin cytoskeleton. Their expression correlates with morphogenic processes and cell motility, but their role in cortex regulation has been difficult to define mechanistically. We now show that the three proteins accumulate at rafts, where they codistribute with PI(4,5)P(2), and promote its retention and clustering. Binding and modulation of PI(4, 5)P(2) depended on the basic effector domain (ED) of these proteins, and constructs lacking the ED functioned as dominant inhibitors of plasmalemmal PI(4,5)P(2) modulation. In the neuron-like cell line, PC12, NGF- and substrate-induced peripheral actin structures, and neurite outgrowth were greatly augmented by any of the three proteins, and suppressed by DeltaED mutants. Agents that globally mask PI(4,5)P(2) mimicked the effects of GMC on peripheral actin recruitment and cell spreading, but interfered with polarization and process formation. Dominant negative GAP43(DeltaED) also interfered with peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulus-induced nerve sprouting and control of anatomical plasticity at the neuromuscular junction of transgenic mice. These results suggest that GMC are functionally and mechanistically related PI(4,5)P(2) modulating proteins, upstream of actin and cell cortex dynamics regulation.
Short echo‐time 3D radial gradient‐echo MRI using concurrent dephasing and excitation (2011)

Ultrashort echo-time imaging and sweep imaging with Fourier transformation are powerful techniques developed for imaging ultrashort T(2) species. However, it can be challenging to implement them on standard clinical MRI systems due to demanding hardware requirements. In this article, the limits of what is possible in terms of the minimum echo-time and repetition time with 3D radial gradient-echo sequences, which can be readily implemented on a standard clinical scanner, are investigated. Additionally, a new 3D radial gradient-echo sequence is introduced, called COncurrent Dephasing and Excitation (CODE). The unique feature of CODE is that the initial dephasing of the readout gradient is performed during RF excitation, which allows CODE to effectively achieve echo-times on the order of ∼0.2 ms and larger in a clinical setting. The minimum echo-time achievable with CODE is analytically described and compared with a standard 3D radial gradient-echo sequence. CODE was implemented on a clinical 3 T scanner (Siemens 3 T MAGNETOM Trio), and both phantom and in vivo human knee images are shown for demonstration.
Common Ground: Addressing Attrition Across Diverse Institutions in Higher Education (2014)

<p>Student attrition is an ongoing concern in American higher education, where institutions are being increasingly held accountable for the success of the students they admit. While differences across diverse institutions exist, research suggests that there are many similarities regarding issues related to student persistence and success. In fact, this common ground presents an opportunity for common solutions. The variety of higher education institutions utilizing knowledge gained through institutional initiatives continues to identify new, better ways of serving students. This article sheds light on the known differences between institution types while recognizing the common goals of improving student persistence. The article further supports the need for additional research in this area to fully understand how the higher education community can best prepare and support students of all types, from all institutions, to reach their educational goals.</p>
Ionic conductivity in branched polyethylenimine-sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes: comparisons to analogous complexes made with linear polyethylenimine (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic conductivity in branched polyethylenimine-sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes: comparisons to analogous complexes made with linear polyethylenimineCaroline S. Harris, Mark A. Ratner, and Duward F. ShriverCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 8, 1778–1781Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00174a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (531 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Millimeter-wave HBT MMIC synthesizers using subharmonically injection-locked oscillators (2002)

A subharmonically injection-locked MMIC harmonic VCO for use as a synthesized local oscillator in the 60 GHz band has been experimentally investigated. The designs using HBT MMICs are based on the use of 2nd subharmonic injection locking of the harmonic VCOs to upconvert to millimeter-wave frequency and broaden the locking range. The use of the 4th harmonic signal from the VCOs allows a factor of eight increase in the locking range. The transmission type injection-locked MMIC VCO with the refractive type load circuit increases not only the locking range, but also the high-order harmonic output power in the locked VCO output.