gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of reaction temperature, time and particle size on switchgrass microwave pyrolysis and reaction kinetics (2013)

This study investigated microwave pyrolysis of switchgrass with particle sizes from 0.5 mm to 4 mm and determined the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of bio-oil, syngas, and bio-char. A prediction model was satisfactorily developed to describe the bio-oil conversion yield as a function of reaction temperature and time. Second-order reaction kinetics was also developed to model the switchgrass pyrolysis. Switchgrass with different particle sizes was found to be similarly pyrolyzed by microwave heating. The research results indicated that thermochemical conversion reactions can take place rapidly in large-sized switchgrass by using microwave pyrolysis. GC-MS analysis indicates that the bio-oil contained a series of important and useful chemical compounds: Phenols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and furan derivatives. These chemical compounds evolved were related to the pyrolysis conditions.
Characterization of Cell Subpopulations Expressing Progenitor Cell Markers in Porcine Cardiac Valves (2013)

Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are the main population of cells found in cardiac valves. These resident fibroblastic cells play important roles in maintaining proper valve function, and their dysregulation has been linked to disease progression in humans. Despite the critical functions of VICs, their cellular composition is still not well defined for humans and other mammals. Given the limited availability of healthy human valves and the similarity in valve structure and function between humans and pigs, we characterized porcine VICs (pVICs) based on expression of cell surface proteins and sorted a specific subpopulation of pVICs to study its functions. We found that small percentages of pVICs express the progenitor cell markers ABCG2 (~5%), NG2 (~5%) or SSEA-4 (~7%), whereas another subpopulation (~5%) expresses OB-CDH, a type of cadherin expressed by myofibroblasts or osteo-progenitors. pVICs isolated from either aortic or pulmonary valves express most of these protein markers at similar levels. Interestingly, OB-CDH, NG2 and SSEA-4 all label distinct valvular subpopulations relative to each other; however, NG2 and ABCG2 are co-expressed in the same cells. ABCG2(+) cells were further characterized and found to deposit more calcified matrix than ABCG2(-) cells upon osteogenic induction, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of osteogenic VICs during valve pathology. Cell profiling based on flow cytometry and functional studies with sorted primary cells provide not only new and quantitative information about the cellular composition of porcine cardiac valves, but also contribute to our understanding of how a subpopulation of valvular cells (ABCG2(+) cells) may participate in tissue repair and disease progression.
The Relationship between Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Levels of Plasma Total Homocysteine, Folate and Vitamin B₁₂ in Koreans (2001)

The elevation of total plasma homocysteine is now an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plasma folate and vitamin B₁₂ influence Hey metabolism as cofactors. In this study, we studied the relationship of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including advanced age, male gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dislipidemia and plasma homocyteine, folate and vitamin B₁₂ levels in Koreans. A total of 195 adult Koreans participated. The subjects were divided into three groups according to how many major conventional risk factors of cardiovascular disease they had: no risk, low risk (1~3 risk factors) and high risk (> 3 risk factors) groups. As the number of risk factors increased, the plasma homocysteine levels significantly increased, while the plasma folate levels significantly decreased. The plasma homocysteine levels were higher in males than in females. The subjects with hyperglycemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. Also the subjects with dislipidemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. The plasma folate and vitamin B₁₂ levels were significantly lower in males than females. However, there were no significant differences in plasma folate and vitamin B₁₂ levels between the subjects with or without other risk factors. These results indicate that plasma homocysteine levels were positively related with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and plasma folate levels were negatively related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Also, we conclude that plasma homocysteine levels might be related to the combination of risk factors, rather than an individual risk factor.
5T4 oncofoetal glycoprotein: an old target for a novel prostate cancer immunotherapy (2017)

The tumour-associated antigen 5T4 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However to date, reported 5T4-specific cellular immune responses induced by various immunisation platforms have been largely weak or non-existent. In the present study, we have evaluated a heterologous prime boost regime based on the simian adenovirus ChAdOx1 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing 5T4 for immunogenicity and tumour protective efficacy in a mouse cancer model. Vaccination-induced immune responses were strong, durable and attributable primarily to CD8+ T cells. By comparison, homologous MVA vaccination regimen did not induce detectable 5T4-specific T cell responses. ChAdOx1-MVA vaccinated mice were completely protected against subsequent B16 melanoma challenge, but in therapeutic settings this regime was only modestly effective in delaying tumour outgrowth. Concomitant delivery of the vaccine with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoint regulators LAG-3, PD-1 or PD-L1 demonstrated that the combination of vaccine with anti PD-1 mAb could significantly delay tumour growth and increase overall survival of tumour-bearing mice. Our findings support a translation of the combinatorial approach based on the heterologous ChAdOx1-MVA vaccination platform with immune checkpoint blockade into the clinic for the treatment of 5T4-positive tumours such as prostate, renal, colorectal, gastric, ovarian, lung cancer and mesothelioma.
Recent measurements on improved thick film piezoelectric pvdf polymer materials for hydrophone applications (1983)

Abstract A broad outline is given of THORN EMI Central Research Laboratories'work in converting PVdF materials into sensitive hydrostatic-mode hydrophone elements. Emphasis is placed on the piezoelectric coefficients and voltage sensitivities obtained. Some data is also presented on ageing characteristics at normal ambient and elevated temperatures and for repeated pressure cycling between ambient and high pressures (∼20 MPa). Hydrostatic-mode hydrophone sensitivities of -195 dB rel 1VμPa−1 are reported for 630μ thickness highly voided PVdF which greatly surpasses the typical -205 dB rel 1VμPa−1 for natural draw ratio material calculated at the same thickness.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Freidinger Lactams Using Oxaziridines Derived from Amino Acids (1997)

Conformationally restrained dipeptidyl lactams are building blocks for the synthesis of peptidomimetics, including Freidinger lactams (Figure 1). Few synthetic methodologies toward such moieties allow for incorporation of a stereodefined substituent on the ring nitrogen (i.e., corresponding to an amino acid side chain). Enantiopure Freidinger lactams were obtained by (1) condensation of (S)-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected 2-aminocycloalkanones with commercially available alpha-amino esters, (2) oxidation of the resulting imines with m-CPBA to give spirocyclic oxaziridines, and (3) photorearrangement. Conformational analyses of seven- and eight-membered dipeptidyl lactams by NMR and by X-ray crystallography are described. The utility of this chemistry was illustrated by the synthesis of potential inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
Comparison of Different Agonists and Antagonists of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone for Receptor-Binding Ability to Rat Pituitary and Human Breast Cancer Membranes* (1989)

A sensitive multipoint assay capable of measuring receptors for LHRH and its analogs using 5-10 micrograms membrane protein/incubation tube was used to determine binding characteristics of different agonists and antagonists of LHRH in membranes of male rat pituitary and human breast cancer specimens. This method also permitted Scatchard analysis of the receptor binding in pellet fractions of human breast cancer biopsies remaining from estrogen and progesterone receptor assays. The potent agonist [D-Trp6]LHRH bound to at least two classes of receptor sites, one with high affinity and one with low affinity in both rat pituitary and human breast cancer samples. The analysis of displacement curves of LHRH by agonists and antagonists showed that LHRH also bound to two classes of receptor sites in pituitary and one receptor site with lower affinity in human breast cancer membranes. Among the antagonists synthesized in our laboratory, SB-030, SB-077, SB-088, and SB-090 appeared to be the most potent in displacing labeled [D-Trp6]LHRH and showed the highest binding affinity to the pituitary and breast cancer membranes. Labeled antagonists showed somewhat less affinity to membranes of pituitaries and human cancers than the agonists and bound to only a single class of receptor population. Both agonists and antagonists were able to bind to membranes of human breast cancer samples, and some antagonists were very potent in this respect. Certain LHRH agonists or antagonists could be capable of exerting direct inhibitory effects on breast cancers depending upon the presence and characteristics of LHRH receptors.
Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking. (1984)

One hundred non-smoking patients attending hospital outpatient clinics reported their degree of passive exposure to tobacco smoke over the preceding three days and provided samples of blood, expired air, saliva, and urine. Although the absolute levels were low, the concentration of cotinine in all body compartments surveyed was systematically related to self reported exposure. Salivary nicotine concentration also showed a linear increase with degree of reported exposure, although this measure was sensitive only to exposure on the day of testing. Measures of carbon monoxide, thiocyanate, and plasma nicotine concentrations were unrelated to exposure. The data indicate that cotinine provides a valid marker of the dose received from passive smoke exposure. The non-invasive samples of urine and saliva are particularly suited to epidemiological investigations. Detailed questionnaire items may also give valuable information.
Conductive Copper Niobate: Superior Li<sup>+</sup>‐Storage Capability and Novel Li<sup>+</sup>‐Transport Mechanism (2019)

Abstract Niobates with shear ReO 3 crystal structures are remarkably promising anode materials for Li + batteries due to their large capacities, inherent safety, and high cycling stability. However, they generally suffer from limited rate capabilities rooted in their insufficient electronic and Li + conductivities. Here, micrometer‐sized copper niobate (Cu 2 Nb 34 O 87 ) bulk as a new anode material having a high electronic conductivity of 2.1 × 10 −5 S cm −1 and an impressive average Li + diffusion coefficient of ≈3.5 × 10 −13 cm 2 s −1 is exploited, which synergistically leads to an excellent rate capability (184 mAh g −1 at 10 C) while remaining a large reversible capacity and superior cycling stability. Moreover, the fast Li + transport pathways of grain boundary (micrometer scale) → lattice deformation area (nanometer scale) → (010) crystallographic plane (angstrom scale) are demonstrated in Cu 2 Nb 34 O 87 . Therefore, these results could pave the way for practical application of Cu 2 Nb 34 O 87 in high‐performance Li + batteries.
Modelling the effects of distributed series resistance on Suns-V<inf>oc</inf>, m-V<inf>oc</inf> and J<inf>sc</inf>-Suns curves of solar cells (2009)

A simple model based on the simulation of distributed series resistance effects in solar cells is presented. This model overcomes limitations of the standard two-diode model representation of solar cells in respect to fitting Suns-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> (m-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> -Suns curves. The model results include (i) an improved understanding of two-dimensional current flows in shunted solar cells, (ii) the prediction of shunt types from m-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> curves and corresponding distributed resistance model fits, (iii) the insight that lateral current flows in solar cells are responsible for deviations between J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> -Suns data and two-diode model fits in the high illumination range. The presented approach extends the application range of Suns-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> measurements to solar cells which cannot adequately be described with the two-diode model.
Nuclear matrix antigens in azo dye-induced primary rat hepatomas. (1984)

Polyvalent antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotransfer methodology have been used to identify and characterize a group of chromosomal protein antigens which appear during azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis. Experiments were designed to probe for the location and placement of antigens in chromatin according to solubility and possible DNA-binding properties. The majority of nuclear antigens were associated with high-speed DNA-containing pellets after ultracentrifugation of chromatin solubilized with denaturing buffers containing 6 M guanidine-HCl:2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, or 2 M NaCl:5 M urea. The addition of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol to guanidine-HCl or sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions resulted in solubilization of nearly all antigens from the DNA pellets, suggesting the presence of complexes (protein:protein and/or DNA:protein) cross-linked with sulfhydryl linkages. Preparation of nuclear matrix from the primary hepatomas under several kinds of conditions indicated these antigens to be components of the residual nuclear matrix, envelope, and/or associated structures. Two-dimensional gel analysis showed most antigens to exist in a range of isoelectric forms, suggesting posttranslational modifications. Studies with monoclonal antibodies prepared to these proteins revealed extensive antigenic homology among the members comprising these fractions. Our results document antigenic differences in the nuclear matrix proteins of primary tumors and their normal tissue counterparts.
Toward the evaluation of the thermal state of an induction motor in the recursive short-term mode (2014)

The validity of assumptions accepted when deriving relations for the average loss method used to evaluate the thermal state of the induction motor is considered, and the applicability boundaries of this method are determined. The average loss method is based on the assumption that the average insulation-aging rate is linearly related to the average winding temperature. At the same time, the dynamics of the stator winding temperature substantially differs from the dynamics of the average motor temperature. Correspondingly, the oscillation amplitude of the stator winding can go far beyond the limits in which the evaluation of the average insulation-aging rate by the average temperature is correct. The dependence that establishes the ratio between the average insulation-aging rate per cycle and the aging rate at the temperature average per cycle for the simplest intermittent mode cycle, which includes the operation period and pause, is analyzed. The area for such combinations of the duty ratio and cycle duration, at which the use of the average loss method will be correct since the assumptions laid in the basis of this method are fulfilled quite accurately in this area, is determined based on these relations. It is shown that there is a large area with such combinations of the duty ratio and cycle duration, at which the average loss method gives the evaluation of the motor thermal state with a substantial error. The boundaries of the applicability area of the average loss method in a plane with coordinates “duty ratio” and “cycle duration” are determined. A combination of motor parameters that determine the position of the applicability area of the average loss method in these coordinates are revealed. The values of this combination of parameters for induction motors of the closed version with insulation class B and F are presented.
Subcellular localisation, secretion, and post-translational processing of normal cochlin, and of mutants causing the sensorineural deafness and vestibular disorder, DFNA9 (2003)

Five missense mutations in the FCH/LCCL domain of the COCH gene, encoding the protein cochlin, are pathogenic for the autosomal dominant hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction disorder, DFNA9. To date, the function of cochlin and the mechanism of pathogenesis of the mutations are unknown. We have used the biological system of transient transfections of the entire protein coding region of COCH into several mammalian cell lines, to investigate various functional properties of cochlin. By western blot analysis of lysates prepared from transfected cells, we show that cochlin is a secreted protein. Immunocytochemistry shows concentrated localisation of cochlin in perinuclear structures consistent with the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, showing intracellular passage through these secretory compartments. We detected that cochlin is proteolytically cleaved between the FCH/LCCL domain and the downstream vWFA domains, resulting in a smaller cochlin isoform of approximately 50 kDa. Interestingly, this isoform lacks the entire mutation bearing FCH/LCCL domain. We have also shown that cochlin is N-glycosylated in its mature secreted form. Previous studies of the FCH/LCCL domain alone, expressed in bacteria, have demonstrated that three of four DFNA9 mutations cause misfolding of this domain. Characteristic eosinophilic deposits in DFNA9 affected inner ear structures could be the result of aberrant folding, secretion, or solubility of mutated cochlins, as in certain other pathological states in which misfolded proteins accumulate and aggregate causing toxicity. To examine the biological consequences of cochlin misfolding, we made separate constructs with three of the DFNA9 mutations and performed parallel studies of the mutated and wild type cochlins. We detected that mutated cochlins are not retained intracellularly, and are able to be secreted adequately by the cells, through the Golgi/ER secretory pathway, and also undergo proteolytic cleavage and glycosylation. These results suggest that DFNA9 mutations may manifest deleterious effects beyond the point of secretion, in the unique environment of the extracellular matrix of the inner ear by disrupting cochlin function or interfering with protein-protein interactions involving the FCH/LCCL domain. It is also possible that the mutations may result in aggregation of cochlin in vivo over a longer time course, as supported by the late onset and progressive nature of this disorder.
Thermal Properties of CuGa<sub>2</sub> Phase in Inert Atmosphere (2012)

Thermal decomposition of copper digallide was studied using experimental (thermal analysis) and theoretical (thermodynamic modeling) methods. The temperatures of CuGa 2 incongruent melting are in satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated values. Small differences with the phase diagram can be explained by minor non-stoichiometry of the alloy samples. The experimental studies of thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of CuGa 2 were performed in the temperature range 298-500 K. The heat conductivity coefficient was further calculated using literary data concerning the density and heat capacity of the copper digallide.
Localized distributed optimal control with output feedback and communication delays (2014)

This paper presents an output feedback control scheme for localizable distributed systems subject to delay, that is to say systems for which the effect of both process noise and sensor noise can be localized in closed loop despite communications delays between controllers. By reformulating the distributed optimal control problem in terms of the closed loop transfer matrices from sensor and process noise to controlled output, we cast the optimal localized distributed control problem as a finite dimensional affinely constrained convex program. We additionally show how to synthesize the controller achieving the desired closed loop response, and that the controller can be implemented in a localized and thus scalable manner, which is essential when applying the scheme to large scale systems. Simulation shows that for certain systems, our optimal controller, with its constraints on locality, settling time, and communication delay, can achieve similar performance to a centralized optimal one.
BERT and PALs: Projected Attention Layers for Efficient Adaptation in Multi-Task Learning (2019)

Multi-task learning shares information between related tasks, sometimes reducing the number of parameters required. State-of-the-art results across multiple natural language understanding tasks in the GLUE benchmark have previously used transfer from a single large task: unsupervised pre-training with BERT, where a separate BERT model was fine-tuned for each task. We explore multi-task approaches that share a single BERT model with a small number of additional task-specific parameters. Using new adaptation modules, PALs or `projected attention layers', we match the performance of separately fine-tuned models on the GLUE benchmark with roughly 7 times fewer parameters, and obtain state-of-the-art results on the Recognizing Textual Entailment dataset.
无线互联 互联无限 全新办公新概念——移动办公 (2001)

今天的企业竞争已经不完全是大鱼吃小鱼的局面，而是快鱼吃慢鱼的市场。时间已成为企业成功的重要因素。在竞争激烈的商业环境中，不间断的网络连续至关重要，随时随地获取重要的商业讯息，随心所欲的上网畅游，已成为越来越多的人士的共同要求。
Spectrophotometric Determination of Silicon (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of SiliconA. B. Carlson and C. V. BanksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 3, 472–477Publication Date (Print):March 19, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60063a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60063a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts