gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis (1997)

Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis is an outstanding resource of plant analysis procedures, outlined in easy-to-follow steps and laboratory-ready for implementation. Plant laboratory preparation methods such as dry ashing and acid and microwave digestion are discussed in detail. Extraction techniques for analysis of readily soluble elements (petiole analysis) and quick test kits for field testing are also presented. This handbook consolidates proven, time-tested methods in one convenient source. Plant scientists in production agriculture, forestry, horticulture, environmental sciences, and other related disciplines will find the Handbook a standard laboratory reference.
Imidazodiazepinediones: a new class of adenosine receptor antagonists (1990)

A series of imidazo[4,5-e][1-4]diazepine-5,8-diones were synthesized from hypoxanthines. Certain of these cyclic homologues of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and enprofylline were inhibitors of binding of adenosine analogues to rat brain A1 and A2 adenosine receptors and were antagonists of A2 adenosine receptors stimulatory to adenylate cyclase in rat PC12 cell membranes. Activity at adenosine receptors was lower than the corresponding xanthines, perhaps because imidazodiazepinediones contain a boat-shaped seven-membered ring rather than the planar heteroaryl ring system of the xanthines. The imidazodiazepinediones had low affinity for brain benzodiazepine sites.
El TLC con EEUU se puso en marcha antes de aprobarse legalmente (2003)

Se examinan las consecuencias negativas que, en el ambito del movimiento de capitales, conlleva
para Chile la firma del TLC con EE.UU., las cuales, por corresponder a la politica que las
autoridades chilenas ya se encuentran aplicando, se han comenzado a evidenciar desde antes de
que este empiece a regir formalmente. Sin embargo, la firma del tratado pasara a condicionar
fuertemente el comportamiento futuro del gobierno, buscando consolidar la vigencia de un modelo
economico -el disenado por el Consenso de Washington- que se halla en abierta contradiccion con
los intereses del pais.
La foi et le questionnement : à propos de l'ouvrage de Joseph Moingt : L'homme qui venait de Dieu (1994)

Le livre de Joseph Moingt, L'homme qui venait de Dieu, vise a substituer a l'enseignement du traite du verbe incarne celui d'un traite de christologie. L'ouvrage fonde sa christologie non sur l'incarnation, mais sur la resurrection du Christ. Ce qui est propre a la foi theologale, c'est que tout en etant certain de ce qu'il croit, le croyant continue de s'interroger. Le questionnement provoque par la foi continue et pourtant, ses affirmations sont pour le croyant indubitables parce qu'elles s'appuient sur la parole de Dieu, recue par la revelation
Some Microbiological and Histopathological Features of Periodontal Disease in Man (1980)

T he present investigation was designed to study the microbial flora of periodontal pockets and certain histopathological features of adjacent tissues from healthy and diseased sites in humans. Twenty‐two individuals, aged 21 to 28 years, participated in the study. They were selected on the basis of advanced periodontal disease in at least 2 areas of the dentition where pockets could be probed to 8 mm or more and where 50% of the alveolar bone had been lost. In other areas of the dentition sites were found where no bone loss was discernible and where the gingiva was either “healthy” or showed signs of “established gingivitis.” In each patient six sites were selected; two sites with “advanced disease,” two sites with “established gingivitis” and two sites with “healthy gingiva.” From these sites bacterial samples were obtained and subjected to an examination by darkfield microscopy involving the identification of coccoid cells, straight, motile and curved rods, filaments, fusiforms and spirochetes. Biopsies of the adjacent gingival tissues were processed for histology. The infiltrated portion of the connective tissue was subjected to an analysis based on morphometric point counting. The results revealed that different microbiotas were associated with “healthy,” “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease” sites in humans. With increasing degrees of severity of the disease the relative number of motile organisms increased while coccoid cells and straight rods decreased. The composition of the cellular infiltrates in tissues characterized as “healthy,” “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease” differed markedly. Fibroblasts and lymphocytes were found to dominate the lesion in “healthy” units, with plasma cells and blast cells showing a gradual increase in units of “established gingivitis” and “advanced disease.”
A passive cooled 1000X GaAs module with secondary optics (1982)

This paper describes a new module design using 36 GaAs cells running at 1000:1 concentration ratio with passive cooling. The unique optical system uses flat fresnel lenses and solid glass secondary concentrators to improve on- and off-track performance. Over 18% module efficiency and + or - 0.8/sup 0/ allowable tracking error have been obtained in tests of this optical system.
A New Synthesis of Benzofurans from Phenols <i>via</i> Claisen Rearrangement and Ring‐Closing Metathesis (2004)

Abstract Based on Claisen rearrangement, the double bond isomerization of O ‐allyl function together with the formation of O ‐vinyl function in one pot, and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), various phenols were transformed into various benzofurans in good yields.
Law and Space Telecommunications (1970)

A few short months ago millions of people on this planet shared the thrilling and awe-inspiring experience of man's first landing on the moon. This event, though taking place more than a quarter of a million miles from earth, was seen simultaneously by more people than have ever witnessed any previous event in all of man's history. The peoples of the world, whether in Latin America, in Europe, or in Asia, were able to share equally in this great adventure, viewing man's first contact with the moon within a fraction of a second of its actual occurrence. This
Human skin responses to UV radiation: pigment in the upper epidermis protects against DNA damage in the lower epidermis and facilitates apoptosis (2006)

Melanin plays an important role in protecting the skin against UV radiation, and melanomas and basal/squamous cell carcinomas occur more frequently in individuals with fair/light skin. We previously reported that levels of melanin correlate inversely with amounts of DNA damage induced by UV in normal human skin of different racial/ethnic groups. We have now separately examined DNA damage in the upper and lower epidermal layers in various types of skin before and after exposure to UV and have measured subsequent apoptosis and phosphorylation of p53. The results show that two major mechanisms underlie the increased photocarcinogenesis in fair/light skin. First, UV-induced DNA damage in the lower epidermis (including keratinocyte stem cells and melanocytes) is more effectively prevented in darker skin, suggesting that the pigmented epidermis is an efficient UV filter. Second, UV-induced apoptosis is significantly greater in darker skin, which suggests that UV-damaged cells may be removed more efficiently in pigmented epidermis. The combination of decreased DNA damage and more efficient removal of UV-damaged cells may play a critical role in the decreased photocarcinogenesis seen in individuals with darker skin.
A new heavy lanthanide-dependent DNAzyme displaying strong metal cooperativity and unrescuable phosphorothioate effect (2014)

In vitro selection of RNA-cleaving DNAzymes was performed using three heavy lanthanide ions (Ln(3+)): Ho(3+), Er(3+) and Tm(3+). The resulting sequences were aligned together and about half of the library contained a new family of DNAzyme. These DNAzymes have a simple loop structure, and they are active only with the seven heavy Ln(3+). Among the tested non-lanthanide ions, only Y(3+) induced cleavage and even Pb(2+) failed to cleave, suggesting a very high specificity. A representative DNAzyme, Tm7, has a sigmoidal metal binding curve with a Hill coefficient of 3, indicating that three metal ions are involved in the catalytic step. Its pH-rate profile has a slope of 1, suggesting a single deprotonation step is involved in the rate-limiting step. Tm7 has a cleavage rate of 1.6 min(-1) at pH 7.8 with 10 μM Er(3+). Phosphorothioate substitution at the cleavage junction completely inhibits the activity, which cannot be rescued by Cd(2+) alone, or by a mixture of Er(3+) and Cd(2+), suggesting that two interacting metal ions are involved in direct bonding to both non-bridging oxygen atoms. A new model involving three lanthanide ions is proposed based on this study. A biosensor is engineered using Tm7 to detect Dy(3+) down to 14 nM.
Simultaneous emission and transmission scanning in PET oncology: the effect on parameter estimation (1997)

The authors investigated potential sources of bias due to simultaneous emission and transmission (SET) scanning and their effect on parameter estimation in dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) oncology studies. The sources of bias considered include: i) variation in transmission spillover (into the emission window) throughout the field of view, ii) increased scatter arising from rod sources, and iii) inaccurate deadtime correction. Net bias was calculated as a function of the emission count rate and used to predict distortion in [/sup 18/F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and [/sup 11/C]thymidine tissue curves simulating the normal liver and metastatic involvement of the liver. The effect on parameter estimates was assessed by spectral analysis and compartmental modeling. The various sources of bias approximately cancel during the early part of the study when count rate is maximal. Scatter dominates in the latter part of the study, causing apparently decreased tracer clearance which is more marked for thymidine than for FDG. The irreversible disposal rate constant, K/sub i/, was overestimated by <10% for FDG and >30% for thymidine. The authors conclude that SET has a potential role in dynamic FDG PET but is not suitable for /sup 11/C-labeled compounds.
Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study (2006)

Our results suggest that in the treatment of PTSD, both therapy methods tend to be equally efficacious. We suggest that future research should not restrict its focus to the efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of these therapy methods but should also attempt to establish which trauma patients are more likely to benefit from one method or the other. What remains unclear is the contribution of the eye movement component in EMDR to treatment outcome.
Fracture characterization of deep tight gas sands using azimuthal velocity and AVO seismic data in Saudi Arabia (2003)

Complex spatial distribution of fractures in a reservoir greatly affects the flow of fluids, including hydrocarbons, and can significantly increase reservoir porosity and permeability. This reservoir quality enhancement is especially important for tight reservoirs, where low primary matrix porosity and/or permeability would deem the play noncommercial. Therefore, fracture characterization is an important part of reservoir development and management, in particular for the type of deep and tight gas reservoirs west of the Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia.
Temporal evolution of dot patterns during ion sputtering (2003)

The temporal evolution of the morphology of GaSb surfaces induced by ion bombardment is investigated. The erosion process with normal incident argon ions forms a regular dot pattern that shows an increase of ordering among the dots with increasing sputtering time. The pattern stabilizes to a highly uniform, hexagonally ordered dot pattern for very long times. The degree of ordering is determined by quantitative analysis of the surface roughness and the power spectral density of the surface pattern using atomic force microscopy. A comparison of the experimental results with numerical integrations of the unstabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation shows that this equation cannot reproduce essential details of the experimental pattern observed.
Dependence analysis for pointer variables (1989)

Our concern is how to determine data dependencies between program constructs in programming languages with pointer variables. We are particularly interested in computing data dependencies for languages that manipulate heap-allocated storage, such as Lisp and Pascal. We have defined a family of algorithms that compute safe approximations to the flow, output, and anti-dependencies of a program written in such a language. Our algorithms account for destructive updates to fields of a structure and thus are not limited to the cases where all structures are trees or acyclic graphs; they are applicable to programs that build cyclic structures.
Fiber-optic pressure sensors for internal combustion engines (1994)

Two designs incorporating embedded fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers as strain gauges were used for monitoring gas pressure in internal combustion engines. Measurements on a Diesel engine, a gasoline-fueled engine, and a natural-gas engine are reported.
Pre-Clinical Assessment of Immune Responses to Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors (2014)

Transitioning to human trials from pre-clinical models resulted in the emergence of inhibitory AAV vector immune responses which has become a hurdle for sustained correction. Early animal studies did not predict the full range of host immunity to the AAV vector in human studies. While pre-existing antibody titers against AAV vectors has been a lingering concern, cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses against the input capsid can prevent long-term therapy in humans. These discoveries spawned more thorough profiling of immune response to rAAV in pre-clinical models, which have assessed both innate and adaptive immunity and explored methods for bypassing these responses. Many efforts toward measuring innate immunity have utilized Toll-like receptor deficient models and have focused on differential responses to viral capsid and genome. From adaptive studies, it is clear that humoral responses are relevant for initial vector transduction efficiency while cellular responses impact long-term outcomes of gene transfer. Measuring humoral responses to AAV vectors has utilized in vitro neutralizing antibody assays and transfer of seropositive serum to immunodeficient mice. Overcoming antibodies using CD20 inhibitors, plasmapheresis, altering route of delivery and using different capsids have been explored. CTL responses were measured using in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro assays expansion of antigen-specific T-cells as well as cytotoxicity toward AAV transduced cells can be shown. Many groups have successfully mimicked antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, but actual transgene level reduction and parameters of cytotoxicity toward transduced target cells have only been shown in one model. The model utilized adoptive transfer of capsid-specific in vitro expanded T-cells isolated from immunized mice with LPS as an adjuvant. Finally, the development of immune tolerance to AAV vectors by enriching regulatory T-cells as well as modulating the response pharmacologically has also been explored.
Acquisition and processing of wide-aperture ground-penetrating radar data (1992)

Abstract A 40-channel wide-aperture ground penetrating radar (GPR) data set was recorded in a complicated fluvial/aeolian environment in eastern Canada. The data were collected in the multichannel format usually associated with seismic reflection surveys and were input directly into a standard seismic processing sequence (filtering, static corrections, common-midpoint gathering, velocity analysis, normal- and dip-moveout corrections, stacking and depth migration). The results show significant improvements, over single-channel recordings, in noise reduction and depth of penetration (by stacking), and in spatial positioning and reduction of diffraction artifacts (by migration). These characteristics increase the potential for reliable interpretation of structural and stratigraphic details. Thus, without having to develop any new software, GPR data processing technology is brought to the same level of capability, flexibility, and accessibility that is current in seismic exploration.
Spatial variability of field-measured soil-water properties (1973)

Infiltration and redistribution of water following an irrigation was studied, and the work was replicated at 20 locations on a 150 hectare plot of land. Hydraulic conductivity was measured as a function of soil-water content at 30.5 cm depth intervals to a depth of 182.9 in twenty 6.5-meter-square plots randomly established over a 150-hectare field. Tensiometers installed at 30.5, 61.0, 91.4, 121.9, 152.4, and 182.9 cm were used to measure hydraulic gradients. Soil-water contents were ascertained from soil-water characteristics obtained from six soil cores taken from each of the above depths for each plot. Variations in soil-water content were found to be normally distributed with depth and with horizontal distance throughout the field, while values of the hydraulic conductivity were found to be log-normally distributed. The correlation between hydraulic conductivity during steady-state infiltration and the clay fraction was significant at the 1 per cent level. Several equations for predicting water movement and retention under field conditions are examined.
Steering Chain HIL Simulator for Steer-By-Wire Systems (2006)

Advanced control for automotive is one of the most promising research topic in the forthcoming decade. Actually, the long-term target is the substitution of most hydraulic car systems with their electronic counterparts. A bright example is set by the steering function, which has passed from pure mechanical to power assisted and recently to pure electrically power assisted function. The next step, the full electronic steering (Steer-By-Wire, SBW), is in progress. Definitively, it is going to substitute the mechanical connection with the steering wheel by wire-transmitted digital signals to one or more remote electric motors. Obviously, any innovative control strategy needs thorough hardware verification. At the early stages, or whether a real car prototype was not available, it is common practice to use hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators, for fast control prototyping. In this frame, as proposed here, a high dynamic electric drive can virtually reproduce the real nonlinear load, represented by the steering chain and other external torque contributes. The paper presents the model details, the system architecture as well as the experimental validation of the complete HIL simulator.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: I: Multicenter Prevalence Study in Cystic Fibrosis (2003)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potential respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). To assess the species-specific prevalence and risk factors for acquisition, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of NTM and clinical features of patients at 21 U.S. centers. Almost 10% of patients with CF who were 10 years or older were included (n = 986). The overall prevalence of NTM in sputum was 13.0% (range by center, 7-24%). Mycobacterium avium complex (72%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (16%) were the most common species. When compared with patients with CF without NTM, culture-positive subjects were older (26 vs. 22 years, p < 0.001), had a higher FEV1 (60 vs. 54%, p < 0.01), higher frequency of Staphylococcus aureus (43 vs. 31%, p < 0.01), and lower frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71 vs. 82%, p < 0.01). Molecular typing revealed that almost all patients within each center had unique NTM strains. In summary, NTM are common in patients with CF, but neither person-to-person nor nosocomial acquisition explained the high prevalence. Older age was the most significant predictor for isolation of NTM. The clinical significance of NTM in CF is incompletely defined, but patients with these organisms should be monitored with repeat cultures.
Bayesian state estimation for tracking and guidance using the bootstrap filter (1995)

The bootstrap filter is an algorithm for implementing recursive Bayesian filters. The required density of the state vector is represented as a set of random samples that are updated and propagated by the algorithm. The method is not restricted by assumptions of linearity or Gaussian noise: It may be applied to any state transition or measurement model. A Monte Carlo simulation example of a bearings-only tracking problem is presented, and the performance of the bootstrap filter is compared with a standard Cartesian extended Kalman filter (EKF), a modified gain EKF, and a hybrid filter. A preliminary investigation of an application of the bootstrap filter to an exoatmospheric engagement with non-Gaussian measurement errors is also given.
Effect of the photoperiod in modulating the androgenic control of 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol composition in the Harderian gland of the golden hamster,Mesocricetus auratus (1997)

The golden hamster Harderian gland produces a lipid secretion consisting mainly of 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol. We investigated the composition of alkyl and acyl groups in male and female hamster Harderian alkyldiacylglycerol, in animals kept in long and short photoperiods. Female hamsters in long days have alkyl groups with long saturated straight chains (C18:0 and C20:0) and methyl-branched chains (even and odd chain length iso-branched and odd chain length anteiso-branched chains). Acyl groups in females in long days are mostly long straight chains (C16:0) and methyl-branched chains. In females, short photoperiods led to reductions in the proportions of methyl-branched chains and changes in the proportions of straight chain alkyl and acyl groups; these changes were prevented by pinealectomy. Male hamsters with intact gonads, maintained in long days, had no methyl-branched chain alkyl or acyl groups; saturated straight chains were generally shorter than those of females and the odd chain length saturated C15:0 acyl group was common. Short photoperiods did not significantly alter the composition of male alkyldiacylglycerol. Castrated male hamsters in long days showed a distinctively female phenotype, with long straight chains and methyl-branched alkyl and acyl groups. Castrated males in short days showed a mixture of male and female characteristics: shorter straight chain alkyl and acyl groups, a total absence of methyl-branched alkyl groups, and the presence of methyl-branched acyl groups. These results and those of other studies suggest that testosterone controls the enzymes isovaleryl acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-methyl branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; in the absence of these enzymes, the primers for the synthesis of methyl-branched chain fatty acids are produced. Our results indicate that this control is modulated by short photoperiods (perhaps due to reduced prolactin levels). It is also suggested that characteristics of male-type alkyldiacylglycerol are better adapted to conditions of autumn and winter than are those of female-type alkyldiacylglycerol.