gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Coherence in the Output of an Optical Maser (1961)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. F. Nelson, R. J. Collins; Spatial Coherence in the Output of an Optical Maser. Journal of Applied Physics 1 April 1961; 32 (4): 739–740. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1736082 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Method to Identify Haemoglobin Abnormalities (1987)

This short review summarizes data obtained with two different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, useful in the study of numerous haemoglobinopathies. The first concerns the use of a cation exchange HPLC column which, when developed with specific gradient elution systems, will allow the separation of many normal and abnormal haemoglobins in blood from adults and newborn babies. The method has great diagnostic value. The second procedure uses a reverse-phase HPLC system and acetonitrile-H2O-trifluoroacetic acid developers at low pH for the separation of globin chains (alpha, zeta, beta, delta, G gamma, A gamma, epsilon). The method can be applied as an analytical as well as a preparative tool; it is ideally suited to separate several normal and abnormal chains with neutral amino acid substitutions, including the three gamma chains (G gamma = gamma 75Ile; 136Gly, A gamma = gamma 75Ile; 136Ala, A gamma T = gamma 75Thr; 136Ala).
Analysis of the mouse Dhfr/Rep-3 major promoter region by using linker-scanning and internal deletion mutations and DNase I footprinting. (1990)

The mouse dihydrofolate reductase (Dhfr) promoter region is buried within a CpG island (a region rich in unmethylated CpG dinucleotides), has a high G+C content, and lacks CAAT and TATA elements. The region contains four 48-bp repeats, each of which contains an Sp1-binding site. Another gene, Rep-3 (formerly designated Rep-1), shares the same general promoter region with Dhfr, being transcribed in the direction opposite that of Dhfr. Both genes appear to be housekeeping genes and are expressed at relatively low levels in all tissues. The 5' termini of the major Dhfr transcripts are separated from the 5' termini of the Rep-3 transcripts by approximately 140 bp. This curious structural arrangement suggested that the two genes might share common regulatory elements. To investigate the promoter sequences driving bidirectional transcription, a series of promoter mutations was constructed. These mutations were assayed by a replicating minigene system and by promoter fusions to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Linker-scanning mutations that spanned the four repeats produced a variety of mRNA transcript phenotypes. The effects were primarily quantitative, generally reducing the abundance of transcripts for one or both genes. Some mutations affected Dhfr in a qualitative manner, such as by changing the startpoint of one of the major Dhfr transcripts or changing the relative abundance of the two major Dhfr transcripts. Additionally, protein transcription factors that bind to sequences in the mouse Dhfr/Rep-3 major promoter region, potentially affecting expression of either or both genes, were investigated by DNase I footprinting. The results indicate that multiple protein-DNA interactions occur in this region, reflecting potentially complex transcriptional control mechanisms that might modulate expression of either or both genes under different physiological conditions.
Improved synthesis of poly(MAA)-starch graft copolymers (1998)

Graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) onto starch using a potassium persulfate/sodium thiosulfate redox initiation system was investigated. Emphasis was placed on the promotion of graft formation while minimizing homopolymerization. This could be achieved through a thorough investigation into the major factors affecting the polymerization reaction such as the state of the starch, redox ratio of the initiator, monomer and initiator concentrations, time and temperature of polymerization, and material-to-liquor ratio. The results obtained imply that the magnitude of the polymer yield including total conversion, graft yield, and homopolymer are determined by these factors. The yield is favored under the influence of higher temperature, longer time, short liquor, and increased monomer and initiator concentrations. A poly-(MAA)–starch graft copolymer is the main product of the polymerization reactions only when starch was preswelled (through cooking prior to grafting). Moreover, this grafted product could be precipitated by more dilution with water and easily separated by filtration. Hence, the results of the current work formed the basis of a novel method for the synthesis of poly(MAA)–starch graft copolymers. The mechanisms involved in the synthesis are reported. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1709–1715, 1998
Hypoglycemia during Prolonged Exercise in Normal Men (1982)

Hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 45 mg per deciliter [less than 2.5 mmol per liter]) occurred in seven of 19 healthy men who exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at 60 to 65 per cent of maximal aerobic power. The hypoglycemic subjects exercised for 15 to 70 minutes despite blood glucose levels of 25 to 48 mg per deciliter (1.4 to 2.7 mmol per liter), and their exhaustion time (mean +/- S.E.M., 142 +/- 15 minutes) was not significantly different from that of the euglycemic group (165 +/- 11). Plasma epinephrine was inversely related to blood glucose (P less than 0.01) and was three times higher in the hypoglycemic subjects (P less than 0.05). Glucose ingestion (40 or 80 g per hour) prevented the hypoglycemia and resulted in a smaller rise in plasma epinephrine but did not alter perceived exertion or consistently delay exhaustion. We conclude that hypoglycemia occurs in normal subjects during prolonged exercise and results in an exaggerated rise in plasma epinephrine. However, hypoglycemia fails to effect endurance, and its prevention does not consistently delay exhaustion.
Aza-compound. XXIX (1965)

Wyler's wet method for synthesis of copper phthalocyanine was applied for synthesis of copper-Bz-aza (3, 4) phthalocyanine from cinchomeronic acid and phthalic anhydride, The ratios of raw materials were changed and the properties of products were investigated. This product in concentrated sulfuric acid was diluted with water and the pigments precipitated in various concentration of sulfuric acid were separated by filtration. The relation between ratios of raw materials, and the amount of separated pigments and its properties was investigated. A comparative test on a mixture of copper phthalocyanine and copper tetra (3, 4)-pyridinoporphyrazine indicated that the higher the numbers of pyridine ring in a phthalocyanine molecule the lower was the concentration of sulfuric acid required for precipitation.
Layered Downlink Precoding for C-RAN Systems With Full Dimensional MIMO (2016)

The implementation of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) with full dimensional (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is faced with the challenge of controlling the fronthaul overhead for the transmission of baseband signals as the number of horizontal and vertical antennas grows larger. This paper proposes to leverage the special low-rank structure of the FD-MIMO channel, which is characterized by a time-invariant elevation component and a time-varying azimuth component, by means of a layered precoding approach, to reduce the fronthaul overhead. According to this scheme, separate precoding matrices are applied for the azimuth and elevation channel components, with different rates of adaptation to the channel variations and correspondingly different impacts on the fronthaul capacity. Moreover, we consider two different central unit (CU)-radio unit (RU) functional splits at the physical layer, namely, the conventional C-RAN implementation and an alternative one in which coding and precoding are performed at the RUs. Via numerical results, it is shown that the layered schemes significantly outperform conventional nonlayered schemes, particularly in the regime of low fronthaul capacity and a large number of vertical antennas.
Metabolic Engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for Astaxanthin Production and Oxidative Stress Tolerance (2009)

The red carotenoid astaxanthin possesses higher antioxidant activity than other carotenoids and has great commercial potential for use in the aquaculture, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In this study, we produced astaxanthin in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing the genes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis of carotenogenic microorganisms. In particular, expression of genes of the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous encoding phytoene desaturase (crtI product) and bifunctional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB product) resulted in the accumulation of a small amount of beta-carotene in S. cerevisiae. Overexpression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase from S. cerevisiae (the BTS1 gene product) increased the intracellular beta-carotene levels due to the accelerated conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to GGPP. Introduction of the X. dendrorhous crtS gene, encoding astaxanthin synthase, assumed to be the cytochrome P450 enzyme, did not lead to astaxanthin production. However, coexpression of CrtS with X. dendrorhous CrtR, a cytochrome P450 reductase, resulted in the accumulation of a small amount of astaxanthin. In addition, the beta-carotene-producing yeast cells transformed by the bacterial genes crtW and crtZ, encoding beta-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase, respectively, also accumulated astaxanthin and its intermediates, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Interestingly, we found that these ketocarotenoids conferred oxidative stress tolerance on S. cerevisiae cells. This metabolic engineering has potential for overproduction of astaxanthin and breeding of novel oxidative stress-tolerant yeast strains.
CuPc/C<sub>60</sub> Solar Cells–Influence of the Indium Tin Oxide Substrate and Device Architecture on the Solar Cell Performance (2004)

We investigated the influence of different indium tin oxide (ITO) surface treatments on the performance of organic solar cells with different device architectures. Two types of devices (CuPc in contact with ITO treated with different treatments and C 60 in contact with ITO treated with different treatments) were fabricated. The surfaces of CuPc and C 60 layers deposited on ITO substrates treated with different surface treatments were examined using atomic force microscopy. The devices were characterized by measuring current-voltage characteristics in the dark and under AM1 illumination. We found that a one order of magnitude improvement in the AM1 power conversion efficiency for ITO/CuPc/C 60 /Al cells can be achieved for optimal ITO surface treatment, while ITO/C 60 /CuPc/Cu devices exhibit less sensitivity to surface treatments. Moreover, these devices exhibit better performance compared to ITO/CuPc/C 60 /Al devices. The observed differences in sensitivity to surface treatments were attributed to difference in the dependence of the film surface on ITO surface morphology for CuPc and C 60 .
The significance of scale factors in cadastral surveying (1988)

Abstract In 1983 I wrote an article about Least Squares Reinstatement. One of the assumptions upon which Least Squares Reinstatement is based is that there is a constant scale factor between the original survey and the current survey. This paper will establish when a scale factor is either significantly different to 1 or is due to random errors. If the scale factor is due to random errors then the current surveyor should agree with the original surveyor, ie. deed distances should be shown. This paper also investigates the using of residuals as an indication of reliability of original marks. Both topics are interrelated.
Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (STAR) - A Distributed Small Satellite Network (2025)

The Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (STAR) concept evolved from the DoD need for an affordable, launchable, survivable, and expandable Space-Based Radar for wide-area surveillance of airborne targets and for ballistic missile defense applications. Because low-observable threats can undermine conventional large monolithic Space-Based Radar satellite designs by forcing power-aperture products (inversely proportional to target radar cross-section) so high that the resulting heavy and expensive satellite could not be built or launched, innovative solutions are needed. One such solution is the use of a tether concept which derives strength and stability by tension rather than stiffness and bulk. The tether concept avoids rigid structures by embracing the premise of a Distributed Sparse Array Radar (DSAR) which coherently nets small satellite subarrays which are not physically interconnected. The STAR concept is a network of distributed small satellite subarrays each of which is a tethered set of elements or a "string". Each "string" is a vertical linear array orbiting independently and made up of dipole array elements each with its own transmit/receive module and power source. In order to operate as a Distributed Sparse Array Radar, the relative locations of individual small satellite subarrays must be known to small fractions of a wavelength. In this paper after a brief discussion of SBR architecture, selected methods for cohering the Sparse Array, and for signal distribution, and signal combination are presented. Finally, an example design of a space based DSAR using tethers is described along with a communication scenario.
Monolayer-Level Ru- and NbO[sub 2]-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation (2007)

We developed electrocatalysts with a monolayer-level Pt content for methanol oxidation by depositing Pt or (, Ir, Rh, Pd) on the surfaces of Ru nanoparticles through the galvanic replacement of Cu adlayers and by chemically reducing Pt ions on a oxide surface. Compared with a commercial alloy catalyst, the electrocatalyst with a monolayer of showed three times higher Pt mass activity and improved durability for methanol oxidation. The activity originates from the efficient bifunctional mechanism as well as the electronic effect that weakens the bonding facilitated by optimized size of Pt-free and Pt-covered Ru support. Electrocatalysts comprising mixed-metal on Ru nanoparticles also had higher activity than the commercial one but did not surpass the electrocatalyst. The properties of the electrocatalysts composed of a monolayer amount of Pt deposited on niobium oxide nanoparticles indicate that holds considerable promise as a support for a Pt monolayer for methanol oxidation.
The use of CORDIC in software defined radios: a tutorial (2006)

CORDIC is a versatile algorithm widely used for VLSI implementation of digital signal processing applications. This article presents a tutorial of how to use CORDIC to implement different communication subsystems that can be found in a software defined radio. Specifically, it shows how to use CORDIC to implement direct digital synthesizers, AM, PM, and FM analog modulators and ASK, PSK and FSK modulators, up-/down-converters of in-phase and quadrature signals, full mixers for complex signals, and phase detection for synchronizers. The article also shows some tricks to efficiently implement the algorithm.
Synthesizing Low-k CVD Materials for Fab Use (2000)

Development and process integration of CVD deposited organosilcate glass (OSG) materials is underway for 0.13 um device fabrication. Relative to TEOS, OSG precursors- including trimethylsilane (3MS) and tetramethylsilane (4MS) are more complex to synthesize. The article presents synthesis routes for 3MS, 4MS and other low-k CVD precursors, and proposes a novel production-ready method for handling and delivering 3MS to the tool.
Options and the Future: What Do Markets Think? (2002)

We're used to hearing analysts make predictions about where the economy is headed based on changes in the prices people are paying for stocks, futures, or other assets. Now, recent research is showing how we can analyze the prices of sophisticated new investment products, like options, to also gauge the probability assigned by the markets to possible future events. In short, we can calculate how likely market participants feel it is that an event will take place in the future.
Real-Time Video Surveillance and Monitoring for Automotive Applications (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper we discuss ongoing research on video sensing at Siemens Corporate Research and Siemens Automotive's Advanced Development group and their impact on automotive industry in the areas of driver assistance, and occupant detection.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two innovative concepts are presented: the first one dedicated to video surveillance of the vehicle surrounding based on an omni-directional sensor, and the second one dedicated to occupant presence detection, classification, and positioning using active stereoscopic vision techniques for air-bag control.</div>
Neutralization of poliovirus by IgA coproantibodies. (1968)

Extracts of stools from normal children and adults neutralized the infectivity of poliovirus. The virus neutralizing activity was associated with IgA, the predominant immunoglobulin detected in fecal extracts. Two adult volunteers demonstrated IgA virus neutralizing copro-antibodies following oral infection with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine. The appearance of the intestinal antibodies coincided with reduction in the fecal excretion of vaccine virus. The infectivity of the excreted virus was significantly increased following reactivation of neutralized virus by antibody dissociation at pH 2.2, indicating the in vivo role of IgA coproantibodies as neutralizing agents.

As a result of the degradation of coproantibodies by intestinal enzymes, stool extracts also contained antibody fragments which, although capable of only weak virus neutralization, demonstrated significant levels of specific poliovirus-combining activities. Specific attachment of antibody fragments was demonstrated by the reduction of infectivity of virus-fragment mixtures following reaction with anti-human globulin sera. The recovery of polio antibody fragments suggested the presence of significantly greater levels of virus neutralizing coproantibodies at the site of local antibody development than that reflected by conventional virus neutralizing techniques.
DNA hypomethylation can activate Xist expression and silence X-linked genes. (1996)

Xist and other X-linked gene expression was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization in cells of wild type and DNA methyltranferase (Dnmt) mutant embryos and embryonic stem (ES) cells to determine whether demethylation-induced Xist expression leads to inappropriate X chromosome inactivation. In undifferentiated ES cells low-level Xist expression was detected from the single active X chromosome (Xa) in male cells and on both Xa's in female cells. Upon differentiation Xist expression was detected only in female cells, in which Xist RNA colocalized with the entire inactive X chromosome (Xi). Differentiated Dnmt mutant ES cells or cells of mutant postgastrulation embryos showed aberrant patterns of Xist expression: Xist transcripts colocalized with the single X chromosome in male cells and with both X chromosomes in female cells. X-linked gene expression was not detected from chromosomes coated with Xist RNA. These results suggest that ectopic Xist expression, induced by DNA hypomethylation, may lead to the inactivation of X-linked genes. We conclude that Xist-mediated X chromosome inactivation can occur in the absence of DNA methylation, arguing that DNA methylation may be required to repress Xist expression for the maintenance of a transcriptionally active Xa. In differentiated Dnmt mutant ES cells the activation of Xist expression correlated with a dramatic increase in apoptotic bodies, suggesting that Xist-mediated X chromosome inactivation may result in cell death and contribute to the embryonic lethality of the Dnmt mutation.
Review Article: Quasi-phase-matching engineering of entangled photons (2012)

Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) technique has been successfully applied in nonlinear optics, such as optical frequency conversion. Recently, remarkable advances have been made in the QPM generation and manipulation of photon entanglement. In this paper, we review the current progresses in the QPM engineering of entangled photons, which are finished mainly by our group. By the design of concurrent QPM processes insides a single nonlinear optical crystal, the spectrum of entangled photons can be extended or shaped on demand, also the spatial entanglement can be transformed by transverse inhomogeneity of domain modulation, resulting in new applications in path-entanglement, quantum Talbot effects, quantum imaging etc. Combined with waveguide structures and the electro-optic effect, the entangled photons can be generated, then guided and phase-controlled within a single QPM crystal chip. QPM devices can act as a key ingredient in integrated quantum information processing.
Insights into Insulin Fibril Assembly at Physiological and Acidic pH and Related Amyloid Intrinsic Fluorescence (2017)

Human insulin is a widely used model protein for the study of amyloid formation as both associated to insulin injection amyloidosis in type II diabetes and highly prone to form amyloid fibrils in vitro. In this study, we aim to gain new structural insights into insulin fibril formation under two different aggregating conditions at neutral and acidic pH, using a combination of fluorescence, circular dichroism, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron miscroscopy. We reveal that fibrils formed at neutral pH are morphologically different from those obtained at lower pH. Moreover, differences in FTIR spectra were also detected. In addition, only insulin fibrils formed at neutral pH showed the characteristic blue-green fluorescence generally associated to amyloid fibrils. So far, the molecular origin of this fluorescence phenomenon has not been clarified and different hypotheses have been proposed. In this respect, our data provide experimental evidence that allow identifying the molecular origin of such intrinsic property.
Organization and Access of Image Data by Areas (1979)

This paper concerns methods for indexing areas in twodimensional array data. A method for naming subpictures from rasterscan image data is presented with notation that eases their subsequent storage access. Equations are given for converting each subpicture name into a storage-location pointer. A function ``NUMERIC'' is described that aids this task. Algorithms enabling efficient retrieval of subpicture areas from sequential and direct access files are presented. Examples are given that show that improved retrieval response is possible from using NUMERIC to sort lists of areas to be recalled. The paper includes an overview of tree data structures, the subject implemented by these techniques. An overlapping picture subareas storage scheme is discussed.