gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Roots of Inula helenium. (2002)

The MeOH extract of the roots of Inula helenium showed a high inhibitory activity for cell growth against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines. Significant activity was found in the hexane-soluble fraction. From the hexane-soluble fraction, seven sesquiterpenes, namely, one germacrane (4beta,5alpha-epoxy-1(10),11(13)-germacradiene-8,12-olide), one elemane (igalane), and five eudesmanes (alantolactone, isoalantolactone, 11alpha,13-dihydroalantolactone, 11alpha,13-dihydro-isoalantolactone, 5-epoxyalantolactone) were isolated. In vitro antiproliferative activities of the isolates against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cells are reported.
Late‐onset mitochondrial DNA depletion: DNA copy number, multiple deletions, and compensation (2001)

Abstract Through a report of 4 late‐onset cases with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, we address the specificity of the clinical entities associated with a very low residual amount of mtDNA. Three of the patients met the diagnostic criteria of Kearns Sayre syndrome, which has never been associated with mtDNA depletion. The fourth patient had an isolated skeletal myopathy. Deleted mtDNA molecules were found by long‐range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only in the Kearns Sayre syndromes, which strengthens the clinical differences between the two types of patients. All patients had extremely low residual amounts of mtDNA as shown by Southern blot analysis. Using an original method based on competitive PCR, we were able to measure the number of mtDNA copies per diploid genome. These results demonstrated the severity of the depletion in the patients by comparison not only to normal controls but also to patients with mtDNA disorders. Despite the severity of the depletion, in situ hybridization using two mtDNA transcripts revealed a normal steady‐state level of transcription. Such compensation provides clues to the striking contrast between the severity of mtDNA depletion and the late onset and slowly progressive disease.
Application of fuzzy logic to reliability engineering (1995)

The analysis of system reliability often requires the use of subjective-judgments, uncertain data, and approximate system models. By allowing imprecision and approximate analysis fuzzy logic provides an effective tool for characterizing system reliability in these circumstances; it does not force precision where it is not possible. Here we apply the main concepts of fuzzy logic, fuzzy arithmetic and linguistic variables to the analysis of system structures, fault trees, event trees, the reliability of degradable systems, and the assessment of system criticality based on the severity of a failure and its probability of occurrence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ink features for diagram recognition (2007)

The ability to automatically recognize a sketch accurately is important to computer-based diagramming. Many recognition techniques have been proposed but few researchers have reported the use of formal methods to select the most appropriate ink features for recognition algorithms. We have used a statistical approach to identify the most important distinguishing features of ink for dividing text and shapes. We implemented these into an existing recognition engine and conducted a comparative evaluation. Our feature set more successfully classified a range of common diagram elements than two existing dividers.
Cochlear Implantation in Adults with Prelingual Deafness. Part I. Clinical Results (2004)

Most patients with long-term prelingual deafness achieve their performance plateau within 1 year after implantation. The results suggest that patient characteristics, rather than device properties, are likely to be the major contributing factor responsible for the observed audiologic outcomes.
Wavelet Transform:  A Method for Derivative Calculation in Analytical Chemistry (1998)

A novel method based on wavelet transform is proposed in this work for approximate derivative calculation. An approximate first derivative of an analytical signal can be expressed as the difference between the two scale coefficients C1, which were generated from any two Daubechies wavelet functions. The optimal results for both synthetic and experimental data were obtained with the use of the Daubechies wavelet functions D8 and D18. Our work demonstrated that the new method can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio at higher order derivative calculation and retain all major properties of the conventional methods.
A Novel Device for Total Acoustic Output Measurement of High Power Transducers (2010)

The objective of this work was to develop a device for ultrasound power measurement applicable over a broad range of medical transducer types, orientations and powers, and which supports automatic measurements to simplify use and minimize errors. Considering all the recommendations from standards such as IEC 61161, an accurate electromagnetic null‐balance has been designed for ultrasound power measurements. The sensing element is placed in the water to eliminate errors due to surface tension and water evaporation, and the motion and detection of force is constrained to one axis, to increase immunity to vibration from the floor, water sloshing and water surface waves. A transparent tank was designed so it could easily be submerged in a larger tank to accommodate large transducers or side‐firing geometries, and can also be turned upside‐down for upward‐firing transducers. A vacuum lid allows degassing the water and target in situ. An external control module was designed to operate the sensing/driving loop and to communicate to a local computer for data logging. The sensing algorithm, which incorporates temperature compensation, compares the feedback force needed to cancel the motion for sources in the "on" and "off" states. These two states can be controlled by the control unit or manually by the user, under guidance by a graphical user interface (the system presents measured power live during collection). Software allows calibration to standard weights, or to independently calibrated acoustic sources. The design accommodates a variety of targets, including cone, rubber, brush targets and an oil‐filled target for power measurement via buoyancy changes. Measurement examples are presented, including HIFU sources operating at powers from 1 to 100.
4'-HYDROXY-1,2-BENZPYRENE (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4'-HYDROXY-1,2-BENZPYRENEL. F. Fieser, E. B. Hershberg, and M. S. NewmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 8, 1509–1510Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01311a505https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01311a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed processing of pain and vibration by the human brain (1994)

Pain is a diverse sensory and emotional experience that likely involves activation of numerous regions of the brain. Yet, many of these areas are also implicated in the processing of nonpainful somatosensory information. In order to better characterize the processing of pain within the human brain, activation produced by noxious stimuli was compared with that produced by robust innocuous stimuli. Painful heat (47-48 degrees C), nonpainful vibratory (110 Hz), and neutral control (34 degrees C) stimuli were applied to the left forearm of right-handed male subjects. Activation of regions within the diencephalon and telencephalon was evaluated by measuring regional cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (15O-water-bolus method). Painful stimulation produced contralateral activation in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI and SII), anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, the supplemental motor area of the frontal cortex, and thalamus. Vibrotactile stimulation produced activation in contralateral SI, and bilaterally in SII and posterior insular cortices. A direct comparison of pain and vibrotactile stimulation revealed that both stimuli produced activation in similar regions of SI and SII, regions long thought to be involved in basic somatosensory processing. In contrast, painful stimuli were significantly more effective in activating the anterior insula, a region heavily linked with both somatosensory and limbic systems. Such connections may provide one route through which nociceptive input may be integrated with memory in order to allow a full appreciation of the meaning and dangers of painful stimuli. These data reveal that pain-related activation, although predominantly contralateral in distribution, is more widely dispersed across both cortical and thalamic regions than that produced during innocuous vibrotactile stimulation. This distributed cerebral activation reflects the complex nature of pain, involving discriminative, affective, autonomic, and motoric components. Furthermore, the high degree of interconnectivity among activated regions may account for the difficulty of eliminating pathological pain with discrete CNS lesions.
Temporal Indication of Marijuana Use Can Be Estimated From Plasma and Urine Concentrations of  9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-Hydroxy- 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and 11-Nor- 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-Carboxylic Acid (2001)

Current technology establishes marijuana use based upon detection of the pharmacologically inactive cannabinoid metabolite (11-nor-delta9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, THC-COOH) in urine. No accurate prediction of time of use is possible because THC-COOH has a half-life of 6 days. To determine if a temporal relationship between marijuana use and metabolite excretion patterns could be established, eight healthy user-volunteers (18-35 years old) smoked marijuana cigarettes containing 0% (placebo), 1.77%, and 3.58% delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Plasma and urine were collected prior to smoking, 5 min after smoking, and hourly thereafter for 8 h for measurement of cannabinoid concentrations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mathematical models proposed for determination of recent marijuana use were applied to data from this study and verified the temporal use of marijuana. One subject, who later admitted chronic marijuana use (urine baseline THCCOOH, 529.2 ng/mL; plasma, 75.5 ng/mL), excreted 8beta-dihydroxy-THC, peaking 2 h postsmoking (92.3 ng/mL). Urinary THC, the psychoactive component of marijuana, concentrations peaked 2 h after smoking and declined to assay limit of detection (LOD) (1.5 ng/mL) by 6 h. 11-Hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and THCCOOH were detectable for the entire 8-h testing period but continued to decrease. Urinary concentrations of THC greater than 1.5 ng/mL suggests marijuana use during the previous 8-h time period.
Comparison of biological responses of human monocytes and THP-1 cells to chemokines of the intercrine-<i>β</i> family (1994)

The biological responses of human monocytes and cells of the monomyelocytic THP-1 cell line to stimulation with members of the beta chemokine family are described in this report. All three chemokines tested, MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and RANTES, elicited mobilization of intracellular free calcium in monocytes and THP-1 cells. The magnitude of response was highest with MCP-1 stimulation. MCP-1 desensitized monocyte responses to MIP-1 alpha and RANTES, but no such desensitization was observed in THP-1 cells. MIP-1 alpha or RANTES did not desensitize either monocytes or THP-1 cells to MCP-1 stimulation. All three chemokines elicited a potent chemotactic response in monocytes that was comparable in magnitude to that of f-Met-Leu-Phe. MIP-1 alpha and RANTES required a fivefold higher dose than MCP-1 to elicit a peak response. On the contrary, THP-1 cells showed no significant chemotactic response. Studies of the desensitization of the monocyte chemotactic response indicated that all three chemokines are capable of causing complete homologous desensitization. Heterologous desensitization was observed only when monocytes were treated with MCP-1 followed by MIP-1 alpha or RANTES. Studies of actin polymerization and cell polarization responses of monocytes indicated that these two responses attained peak magnitude after 10 min of stimulation with any of the chemokines. Dose-response kinetics were similar to those of the chemotactic response. THP-1 cells again failed to show either of these two responses. Finally, the activation potential of the chemokines was measured by their ability to induce respiratory burst. A tenfold higher concentration than that causing peak chemotactic response was required to elicit respiratory burst and no heterologous desensitization was noticed. Respiratory burst could be induced in THP-1 cells with a direct protein kinase C activator but not with any of the chemokines. These results indicate that, of the three examples tested, MCP-1 is the most potent member of the beta chemokine family in the biological responses examined. Although a calcium response was elicited in THP-1 cells with chemokines, a lack of subsequent responses indicates some missing links in the downstream signal transduction pathways.
Entity-based cross-document coreferencing using the Vector Space Model (1998)

Cross-document coreference occurs when the same person, place, event, or concept is discussed in more than one text source. Computer recognition of this phenomenon is important because it helps break "the document boundary" by allowing a user to examine information about a particular entity from multiple text sources at the same time. In this paper we describe a cross-document coreference resolution algorithm which uses the Vector Space Model to resolve ambiguities between people having the same name. In addition, we also describe a scoring algorithm for evaluating the cross-document coreference chains produced by our system and we compare our algorithm to the scoring algorithm used in the MUC-6 (within document) coreference task.
Fast symbolic road marking and stop-line detection for vehicle localization (2015)

This paper proposes a fast method for detecting symbolic road markings (SRMs) and stop-lines. The proposed method efficiently restricts the search area based on the lane detection results and finds SRMs and stop-lines in a cost-effective manner. The SRM detector generates multiple SRM candidates using a top-hat filter and projection histogram and classifies their types using a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature and total error rate (TER)-based classifier. The stop-line detector creates stop-line candidates via random sample consensus (RANSAC)-based parallel line pair estimation and verifies them using the HOG feature and TER-based classifier. The proposed method achieves reasonable detection rates and extremely low false positive rates along with a fast computing time.
Elevation of CA 125 in patients with benign and malignant ascites (1987)

The presence of CA 125, an ovarian cancer-associated antigen, was assessed in serum and ascites from patients with ovarian cancer (n = 47), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 21), and liver cirrhosis (n = 40). Abnormal levels of serum CA 125 were observed in 49% of ovarian cancer patients, and in 89% of these same patients with ascites. In all cases of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma with ascites, CA 125 levels were above 35 U/ml. The specificity and sensitivity of CA 125 measurement for detecting ascites in chronic liver diseases were 73% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the CA 125 level was always higher in ascites than in serum. The authors conclude that CA 125 is a nonspecific marker of ascites. This result must be considered in the interpretation of CA 125 elevation in patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, CA 125 may be of value in the diagnosis and monitoring of peritoneal diseases.
Age-dependent changes in the heat-stable crystallin, βBp, of the human lens (1986)

The present study examined the effects of aging and cataractogenesis on the biochemical properties of the uniquely heat-stable lens crystallin, beta basic principle polypeptide (beta Bp). Using the techniques of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western-blot immunoassay, we analyzed cortical and nuclear lens sections from normal lenses of individuals aged 0 to 91 years for beta Bp content in the soluble fraction, and retention of heat stability with aging. In addition, we compared the characteristics of beta Bp in cataractous lenses with those of normal lenses of approximately the same age. While beta Bp is synthesized in new cortical cells throughout life, the beta Bp of the nucleus, which had been laid down early in life, decreased significantly in both absolute concentration and in its proportion of the total soluble protein fraction during the normal aging process. In addition, posttranslational changes in the nuclear soluble beta Bp result in a gradual loss of approximately 3000 d in the apparent mass of the beta Bp molecule; i.e., as a result of the aging process, the single heat-stable band of an apparent mass of 26 kd on SDS-PAGE of the young lens nucleus becomes two heat-stable bands, one at 26 kd and one at 23 kd. Normal lenses up to 91 years of age always retain some of the 26 kd subunit, whereas lenses with severe nuclear cataracts had only the 23 kd subunit in the soluble fraction.
The Behavior and Capabilities of Lithium Hydroxide Carbon Dioxide Scrubbers in a Deep Sea Environment (1989)

Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) is the principal chemical absorbent used as a carbon dioxide scrubber material by NASA in the shuttle spacecraft. LiOH scrubbers are now being proposed for the Navy's newest an most advanced mixed- gas, closed circuit diving rig, the EX 19, designed for long-term, convert diving operations. Although extensive investigations have been conducted in the past dealing with carbon absorption by LiOH scrubbers in outerspace conditions, relatively little is known about the process in the underwater environment. The objective of this project was to investigate the absorption of metabolically- produced carbon dioxide by lithium hydroxide scrubbers under constraints unique to the deep sea diver. An experimental mock-up of a closed circuit diving rig was constructed in the Coastal Engineering Laboratory and used to conduct this study. Several parameters, including initial moisture content, flow rate through the canister. canister length-to-diameter ratio, carbon dioxide injection level, and ambient temperature, were varied. The time of breakthrough was recorded for each test and compared to theory, yielding plots that show several relationships in CO2, absorption, the greater part of which may be correlated with past studies.
Using HMM Toolkit (HTK) for recognition of arabic manuscripts characters (2014)

In this paper, we propose an analytical approach of an offline recognition of handwritten Arabic. Our method is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) Toolkit (HTK), modeling type that takes into consideration the characteristics of Arabic script and possible inclinations of cursive words. The objective is to propose a methodology for rapid implementation of our approach. To this end, a preprocessing phase that can prepare the data was introduced. These data are then used by an extraction method of two groups of the characteristics (Features of Local Densities and Features Statistical) with the use of the technique of sliding windows, the results of this step are processed in sequence information as vectors to HTK (Hidden Markov Model Toolkit).
Measurement of Velocity Distributions in Turbulent Jets Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. (1983)

Volumetric entrainment rate, dQ/dS (L /T)
Lambda repressor recognizes the approximately 2-fold symmetric half-operator sequences asymmetrically. (1989)

Results of systematic base-substitution experiments suggest that the lambda repressor dimer, made of identical subunits, recognizes the "pseudo(2-fold)symmetric" operator sequence asymmetrically. Base substitutions within the consensus half of the operator affect binding more than base substitutions within the nonconsensus half of the operator. Furthermore, changing the nonconsensus base pairs to the consensus base pairs does not increase, but decreases, binding. Evidently, the two subunits of the lambda repressor dimer bind to the two halves of the operator differently. This is consistent with the recently determined crystal structure of the complex, which shows that the relative positioning of the amino acids to the DNA bases are slightly different in the two halves of the operator. The sequence-specific interactions indicated by the systematic base-substitution experiments correlate well with the locations of the specific contacts found in the complex. Thus, the amino acids of lambda repressor, mainly of alpha 3-helix and the N-terminus arm, seem to directly read-out the DNA sequence by forming specific hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts to the DNA bases. The observed asymmetric recognition suggests that no recognition code governs amino acids and DNA bases in protein-DNA interactions.
Binding properties of YjeQ (RsgA), RbfA, RimM and Era to assembly intermediates of the 30S subunit (2016)

Our understanding regarding the function of YjeQ (also called RsgA), RbfA, RimM and Era in ribosome biogenesis has been derived in part from the study of immature 30S particles that accumulate in null strains lacking one of these factors. However, their mechanistic details are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that these immature particles are not dead-end products of assembly, but progress into mature 30S subunits. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that in vivo the occupancy level of these factors in these immature 30S particles is below 10% and that the concentration of factors does not increase when immature particles accumulate in cells. We measured by microscale thermophoresis that YjeQ and Era binds to the mature 30S subunit with high affinity. However, the binding affinity of these factors to the immature particles and of RimM and RbfA to mature or immature particles was weak, suggesting that binding is not occurring at physiological concentrations. These results suggest that in the absence of these factors, the immature particles evolve into a thermodynamically stable intermediate that exhibits low affinity for the assembly factors. These results imply that the true substrates of YjeQ, RbfA, RimM and Era are immature particles that precede the ribosomal particles accumulating in the knockouts strains.