gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mice with reduced NMDA receptor expression: more consistent with autism than schizophrenia? (2012)

Reduced NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disease, most strongly in schizophrenia but also recently in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To determine the direct contribution of NMDAR dysfunction to disease phenotypes, a mouse model with constitutively reduced expression of the obligatory NR1 subunit has been developed and extensively investigated. Adult NR1(neo-/-) mice show multiple abnormal behaviors, including reduced social interactions, locomotor hyperactivity, self-injury, deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) and sensory hypersensitivity, among others. Whereas such phenotypes have largely been interpreted in the context of schizophrenia, these behavioral abnormalities are rather non-specific and are frequently present across models of diseases characterized by negative symptom domains. This study investigated auditory electrophysiological and behavioral paradigms relevant to autism, to determine whether NMDAR hypofunction may be more consistent with adult ASD-like phenotypes. Indeed, transgenic mice showed behavioral deficits relevant to all core ASD symptoms, including decreased social interactions, altered ultrasonic vocalizations and increased repetitive behaviors. NMDAR disruption recapitulated clinical endophenotypes including reduced PPI, auditory-evoked response N1 latency delay and reduced gamma synchrony. Auditory electrophysiological abnormalities more closely resembled those seen in clinical studies of autism than schizophrenia. These results suggest that NMDAR hypofunction may be associated with a continuum of neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and autism. Neural synchrony abnormalities suggest an imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic coupling and may provide a target, along with behavioral phenotypes, for preclinical screening of novel therapeutics.
Tolerance of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine resistant human thymidylate synthases to alterations in active site residues (1999)

Fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are used extensively in cancer therapy. In the cell, 5-FU is metabolized to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-FdUMP), a tight binding covalent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). In order to create 5-FdUMP resistant enzymes to protect chemosensitive normal cells and further understand mechanisms of 5-FdUMP resistance, we have randomized four residues within the active site of TS. Our previous studies identified alterations in residues which produce active TS with enhanced resistance to 5-fluorouridine (5-FdUR). By remutagenizing a subset of the 13 previously targeted residues (A197, L198, C199 and V204), an unbiased random library can be created allowing for extensive testing of all possible amino acid substitutions at each of the sites. Using genetic complementation and selection in Escherichia coli, we identified the spectrum of substitutions that yield active TS as well as those that resulted in 5-FdUR resistant mutants of TS. The 5-FdUR resistant TS were found to share several structural features including hydrophobic substitutions at residue 197, retention of the wild-type leucine 198, the alteration C199L (present in 64% of the drug-resistant library), and polar alterations of valine 204. The catalytic activity of mutants with these features was approximately equal to that of the wild-type TS.
The Utility of Low Cost Vehicle Navigation Systems for Fleet Management Applications (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Inexpensive vehicle navigation systems have recently become available which allow drivers to quickly and easily drive to unfamiliar destinations. Beyond the proven utility of these invehicle systems in stand-alone applications, these systems may prove to be vital elements of fleet management systems. This paper describes a standalone vehicle navigation system and its application to fleet management systems.</div>
Application of bakers' yeast-mediated reductions of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-ones to the enantioselective synthesis of prostacyclin analogs (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of bakers' yeast-mediated reductions of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-ones to the enantioselective synthesis of prostacyclin analogsDenis J. Kertesz and Arthur F. KlugeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 21, 4962–4968Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00256a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00256a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical dosimetry for interstitial photodynamic therapy (1989)

An approach to photodynamic treatment of tumors is the interstitial implantation of fiber optic light sources. Dosimetry is critical in identifying regions of low light intensity in the tumor which may prevent tumor cure. We describe a numerical technique for calculating light distributions within tumors, from multiple fiber optic sources. The method was tested using four translucent plastic needles, which were placed in a 0.94 X 0.94 cm grid pattern within excised Dunning R3327-AT rat prostate tumors. A cylindrical diffusing fiber tip, illuminated by 630 nm dye laser light was placed within one needle and a miniature light detector was placed within another. The average penetration depth in the tumor region between the two needles was calculated from the optical power measured by the detector, using a modified diffusion theory. Repeating the procedure for each pair of needles revealed significant variations in penetration depth within individual tumors. Average values of penetration depth, absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and mean scattering cosine were 0.282 cm, 0.469 cm-1, 250 cm-1 and 0.964, respectively. Calculated light distributions from four cylindrical sources in tumors gave reasonable agreement with direct light measurements using fiber optic probes.
Research and Practice in Design and Innovation Policy (2012)

According to a European Commission public consultation, the greatest barrier to the better use of design in\nEurope is the lack of understanding among policy-makers. Academics have provided evidence of the impact of\ndesign on economic performance; however design, unlike innovation, is not well integrated into policy. This raises\nthe question: How can academic evidence make a more compelling case for policy-makers to integrate design\ninto innovation policy? This research seeks to develop a framework to benchmark policies for design in Denmark,\nEstonia, Finland and the UK and compare what data should be collected against data that is currently available.\nUltimately, this research seeks to further develop the emergent field of research in design policy and provide\npractical policy insight.
A model for generation and processing of link state information in SAAM Architecture (2000)

This thesis presents a model of link state advertisement generation for the SAAM (Server and Agent Based Network Management) architecture. The model includes generation and processing of link state data. In a SAAM network, a central server manages a region of 20-40 lightweight routers. The server learns the link performance of the routers from processing Link State Advertisement messages that are periodically sent by the routers. The server uses the information to maintain a Path Information Base to manage routing within the region. A router also sends a triggered Link State Advertisement message when one of its interfaces fails.
Characterization of PVD aluminum nitride for heat spreading in RF IC&#x0027;s (2007)

Physical-vapor-deposited aluminum nitride, developed for heat spreading in RF ICs, is characterized by fabricating and measuring several different types of test structures. Among other things, it is shown that the material is a good dielectric insulator and has suitably low mechanical stress and piezoelectric response. With layers as thick as 6 μm, the electrothermal instabilities in a silicon-on-glass bipolar process are drastically reduced.
ChemInform Abstract: NON‐ANTICHOLINERGIC GASTRIC ACID SECRETION INHIBITORS, NEW PIPERAZINE AND RELATED DERIVATIVES (1975)

Abstract Zahlreiche neue Piperazinderivate, z.B. (I),(II) und (V), sowie einige acyclische und heterocyclische Amine (IX), (XI) bzw. (XII) werden synthetisiert und pharmakologisch getestet; einige von ihnen besitzen signifikante gastro‐antisekretorische Aktivität bei gleichzeitig fehlenden anticholinergischen Eigenschaften; die wirksamste Verbindung ist (Ic).
Impaired Endothelium-Dependent and Independent Dilatation of Forearm Resistance Arteries in Men with Diet-Treated Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Role of Dyslipidaemia (1996)

1. We measured endothelium-dependent and independent dilatation of forearm resistance arteries in 29 men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 18 age- and sex-matched control subjects. None of the diabetic patients had hypercholesterolaemia, overt hypertension or microproteinuria. 2. We examined endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation by measuring forearm blood flow with venous occlusive plethysmography after administration of acetylcholine (7.5 and 15 micrograms/min) and sodium nitroprusside (3 and 10 micrograms/min), respectively, into the brachial artery. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was also infused to study the inhibition of basal and stimulated release of nitric oxide. 3. The vasodilatory response to acetylcholine, expressed as area under curve, was significantly decreased in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects (P = 0.019). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine significantly reduced basal (P < 0.001) and acetylcholine-stimulated blood flow (P < 0.02) in both groups. The vasodilatory response (also expressed as area under curve) to sodium nitroprusside was significantly less (P = 0.044) in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. 4. In the diabetic patients, impaired vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were significantly correlated with higher serum triacylglycerols (P = 0.048) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.007); the association with high-density lipoprotein was independent of age, glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure. Sodium nitroprusside responses were not correlated with lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. 5. We conclude that there is impaired endothelial and smooth muscle cell function in men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus uncomplicated by overt hypertension or microproteinuria. Endothelial dysfunction may be related to diabetic dyslipidaemia and associated metabolic disturbances.
Models for evaluating the performability of degradable computing systems (1982)

Recent advances in multiprocessor technology established the need for unified methods to evaluate computing systems performance and reliability. In response to this modeling need, a general modeling framework that permits the modeling, analysis and evaluation of degradable computing systems is considered. Within this framework, several user oriented performance variables are identified and shown to be proper generalizations of the traditional notions of system performance and reliability. Furthermore, a time varying version of the model is developed to generalize the traditional fault tree reliability evaluation methods of phased missions.
Differences in the fate of neuronal acetylcholine receptor protein expressed in neurons and stably transfected cells (1997)

Ligand-gated ion channels are structurally complex transmembrane proteins that all neurons must synthesize for rapid chemical synaptic transmission. The most abundant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor serving as a ligand-gated ion channel in the nervous system is a species that contains alpha7 subunits, binds alpha-bungarotoxin, and has a high relative permeability to calcium. The ability of neurons to make such receptors was compared with that of non-neuronal cells stably transfected with an alpha7 cDNA to determine whether neuron-specific machinery is likely to aid in their assembly or stabilization. Transfected cells expressed alpha7 protein and assembled it into a species that was indistinguishable in size and pharmacology from native receptors, but much of the alpha7 protein they synthesized was rapidly degraded without becoming receptor. Neurons were not only more efficient than the best transfectants at assembling the receptors but also produced a subpopulation of receptors on the cell surface that was relatively stable and resistant to solubilization. This subpopulation, which was absent from transfected cells, may be tethered to cytoskeletal elements in the neurons. The results support the contention that neurons contain components that facilitate the production and stabilization of ligand-gated ion channels.
One Turn More: Threshold Superiority of 3‐turn versus 2‐turn Screw‐in Myocardial Electrodes (1984)

Epicardial electrodes are an alternative for patients in whom the transvenous approach presents technical difficulties. We have had clinical experience with two types of myocardial sutureless electrodes inserted in the anterior left ventricular wall: the 3-turn screw-in electrode (Medtronic 6917) was used in 209 patients from 1974 to 1977 and the 2-turn screw-in lead (Medtronic 6917 A) was used in 61 patients from 1978 to 1981. The initial threshold was equal and acceptable with both types of electrodes. During a follow-up period (up to 48 months), critical elevation of the pacing threshold resulting in exit block was found in 12% (25) of the patients with the 3-turn screw-in electrode and in 20% (12) of the patients with the 2-turn electrode (p less than 0.05). Elevation of the pacing threshold developed fairly early, usually within 6 months, with the 2-turn screw-in electrode, but much later, within 2-4 years, with the 3-turn electrode. During a longer follow-up time of up to 96 months the frequency of exit block increased up to 16% with the 3-turn electrode. Our results indicate that late critical elevation of the pacing threshold is surprisingly frequent with screw-in electrodes inserted into the left ventricular myocardium, and it is especially common with the 2-turn screw-in electrode.
Scheduling dual-armed cluster tools with cleaning processes (2013)

1 1. The first author’s current address is the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Modern cluster tools tend to clean the chambers each time a specified number of wafers have been processed. Such cleaning processes are intended to reduce the quality risk due to the residual chemicals within the chambers. When such cleaning processes are introduced, the conventional scheduling methods for cluster tools, such as the swap sequence for dual-armed cluster tools, are no longer effective. Therefore, we examine a cyclic scheduling problem for a dual-armed cluster tool that performs cleaning processes periodically. We first identify sufficient conditions for which the conventional backward and swap sequences give the minimum cycle time. We then develop a systematic way of generating all feasible robot task sequences, for which the cycle times can be computed. However, the number of feasible robot task sequences increases too fast to be enumerated as the cleaning cycle and the number of process steps increase. To address the complexity problem, we propose two heuristic scheduling strategies and compare them with the conventional scheduling methods and the lower bound of each schedule, respectively, to verify their effectiveness experimentally.
Modular Markup for Simulating Vascular Tumour Growth (2012)

In this paper we present preliminary results of the first application of TumorML being developed outside of the context of the Transatlantic TUmor Model Repositories project (TUMOR). Based on a domain-specific software framework for developing models to simulate vascular tumour growth, we have developed a corresponding domain-specific language (DSL) for use with the framework. The DSL script is directly embedded into TumorML model descriptions serving as an example of how within a single model description document, we can fully describe cancer models as functional components. We introduce the framework that our DSL orchestrates; show fragments of DSL script we have developed to describe tumour-induced angiogenesis; and how these functional model descriptions can be integrated and executed with TumorML markup.
Pseudo random number generator using Elman neural network (2011)

This paper proposes a pseudo random number generator using Elman neural network. The proposed neural network is a recurrent neural network able to generate pseudo-random numbers from the weight matrices obtained from the layer weights of the Elman network. The proposed method is not computationally demanding and is easy to implement for varying bit sequences. The random numbers generated using our method have been subjected to frequency test and ENT test program. The results show that recurrent neural networks can be used as a pseudo random number generator(prng).
Towards a high-resolution flow camera using artificial hair sensor arrays for flow pattern observations (2012)

Flow-sensor arrays uncover the potential to measure spatio-temporal flow patterns rather than flow measurements at just a single point. We present in this paper the developments in design, fabrication and interfacing of biomimetic flow-sensor arrays, inspired by flow-sensitive organs (cerci) of crickets. For the purpose of high-resolution flow field visualization by our artificial hair flow-sensor arrays, various array-interfacing schemes are discussed and compared. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is shown to be an attractive method for efficient interrogation of capacitive array sensors. Using silicon-on-insulator technology with deep trench isolation structures, hair-based flow-sensors with differential capacitive read-out, arranged in single-chip arrays, have been successfully fabricated. FDM is implemented and used to interrogate individual hair sensors providing simultaneous real-time flow measurements from multiple hairs. This powerful approach is demonstrated by reconstruction of the field of a harmonic dipole field at the position of the hairs and by localizing this dipole source relative to the array elements.
Stereo video coding based on quad-tree decomposition of B–P frames by motion and disparity interpolation (2005)

A new optimised technique for coding stereoscopic image sequences is presented and compared with already known methods. The proposed technique, called enhanced interpolated motion and disparity estimation (EIMDE), is based on the joint method, which encodes the frames of the right image sequence by exploiting both the temporal redundancy of the same sequence and the disparity redundancy with the left image sequence. In the proposed method, a variable block size scheme has been employed for motion and disparity estimation. The block size is controlled by quad-tree decomposition of the processed frame based on a rate-distortion splitting criterion. For the prediction of a macroblock, optimised motion and disparity vectors are jointly estimated and the participating proportion of each similarity is suitably searched. In this way, the energy of the resulted residual frame is minimised and the whole framework is optimised. Finally, the residual frame is decomposed by a discrete wavelet transform and is further compressed by morphological encoding the resulting coefficients. The proposed coder has been experimentally evaluated on real image sequences, where it produced good performance over other known methods.
<i>o</i>-Nitrophenylethylene Glycol: a Photosensitive Protecting Group for Aldehydes and Ketones (1974)

o-Nitrophenylethylene glycol (1) was synthesized and found to be useful as a photochemically labile blocking group for aldehydes and ketones. The acetals obtained are cleaved smoothly upon irradiation at 3500 Å, regenerating the parent carbonyl compound in very good yield.
Achieving asthma control (2005)

The number of people with asthma continues to grow around the world. However, despite the availability of highly effective medication it remains a poorly controlled disease. Reasons for this poor control include non-implementation and inherent limitations of the asthma management guidelines, poor compliance with asthma therapy, incorrect use of inhaler devices and insufficient treatment of peripheral airway inflammation. Guidelines may not be efficiently implemented as they may be complicated and difficult to understand. In addition, the scientific evidence upon which they are based, although the best available at the present time, is flawed. Patient non-compliance with therapy is a major reason for poor asthma control. Patients fail to comply with their asthma regimen for a wide variety of reasons, but incorrect use of inhaler devices is amongst the most common. Most patients derive incomplete benefit from pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) as they are unable to use them correctly. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have several advantages over pMDIs; they are breath-activated (avoiding coordination difficulties between actuation and inhalation), easy and convenient to use, and environmentally friendly. Although there are many treatments for asthma currently in development, it is unlikely that significant improvements in inhaled medication will occur within the next 15 years. Therefore, improvement in asthma management will be facilitated by improvements in inhaler technology. When choosing an inhaler device it is essential that it is easy to use correctly, dosing is consistent, adequate drug is deposited in the lungs (both central and peripheral airways) and that drug deposition is independent of airflow.
Energy gap law in the solvent isotope effect on radiationless transitions of rare earth ions (1975)

Data on the fluorescent yields of tervalent ions of Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Tm in H2O and D2O, containing perchlorate ions, and isotope effects on the fluorescence are reported. The results are interpreted in terms of the mechanisms responsible for radiationless processes in solutions of rare earth ions [Y. Haas and G. Stein, J. Phys. Chem. 75, 3668 (1971); 76, 1093 (1972)]. It is shown that along the series of the closely related rare earth ions, all of which exhibit well shielded f−f electronic transitions, the results can be correlated in terms of a single variable: the energy gap between the lowest fluorescent and highest nonfluorescent level. For several rare earth ions, the matching of this gap by a single high energy (OH or OD) vibration of one solvent molecule is the decisive factor accounting for observed yields and isotope ratios.