gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOCYTE<sup>3</sup>H-N-METHYL-SCOPOLAMINE BINDING IN NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS (1991)

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were analysed in lymphocyte membranes from 35 patients with early (n = 20) and late onset (n = 15) Alzheimer's disease (AD), 86 patients with other neurological disorders and 60 normal controls by the specific binding of 3H-N-methyl-scopolamine (3H-NMS). The number of binding sites of 3H-NMS (Bmax) was significantly decreased both in early and late onset AD groups as compared with age-matched controls, by 54% and 40%, respectively, whereas the apparent binding affinity (Kd) was the same in all disease and control groups. In addition, the average Bmax in early AD was significantly lower than in late AD. The density of the binding of 3H-NMS was also significantly lower in a subgroup of old subjects with Down's syndrome (DS), whereas no changes were found in younger individuals with DS or in patients with Parkinson's disease, whether they were demented or not, multi-infarct dementia, myasthenia gravis or epilepsy. In the AD group, the difference in binding sites was unrelated either to the severity of dementia or disease duration. Treatment of the patients with cholinergic agents did not alter the binding values in any of the examined group. We conclude that the alteration of lymphocyte muscarinic receptors is highly associated with AD, but whether this reflects the central cholinergic deficit in these patients is uncertain.
Combinatory anti-tumor effects of electroporation-mediated chemotherapy and wild-type p53 gene transfer to human esophageal cancer cells (2001)

Delivery of electric pulses to an established solid tumor augments the permeability of cell membrane and increases the susceptibility of tumors to an anti-cancer agent that is administered in the vicinity of tumors. Forced expression of the wild-type p53 gene in tumor cells that have non-functional p53 gene(s) can also enhance their sensitivity to a DNA-damaging agent. To investigate the feasibility of electroporation-mediated therapy for cancer, electric pulses were delivered to human esophageal tumors developed in nude mice after they received an anti-cancer agent and/or plasmid DNA containing the wild-type p53 gene. The growth of esophageal tumors was suppressed with electroporation-mediated chemotherapy compared with the treatment with an anti-cancer agent or electroporation alone. Intratumoral injection of the wild-type p53 gene into p53-mutated esophageal tumors followed by electroporation also inhibited tumor growth. When mice were administered with the wild-type p53 gene and an anti-cancer agent, subsequent electroporation produced a synergistic therapeutic effect. Combinatory transfer of plasmid DNA and a pharmacological agent by electroporation is thereby a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Improved Oil Solubilization in Oil/Water Food Grade Microemulsions in the Presence of Polyols and Ethanol (2001)

Microemulsions based on five-component mixtures for food applications and improved oil solubilization have been studied. The compositions included water, oil phase [such as R(+)-limonene and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)], short-chain alcohols (such as ethanol), polyols (propylene glycol and glycerol), and several surfactants and their corresponding mixtures (nonionic, such as ethoxylated sorbitan esters, polyglycerol esters, sugar ester, and anionic, such as phosphatidylcholine). The phase behavior of these systems is discussed with respect to the influence of polyols and short-chain alcohols on the degree of solubilization of oils in the aqueous phase. The alcohol and polyols modify the interfacial spontaneous curvature and the flexibility of the surfactant film, enhancing the oil solubilization capacity of the microemulsions. The solubilization of R(+)-limonene was dramatically improved in the presence of the alcohol and polyols, whereas the improvement of solubilization for triglycerides containing MCT was less pronounced. In some systems high oil solubilization was achieved, and some of them can be easily diluted to infinity both with the aqueous phase and with the oil phase. Viscosity measurements along selected dilution lines [characterized by a single continuous microemulsion region starting from a pseudo binary solution (surfactant/oil phase) to the microemulsion (water/polyol corner)] indicate that at a certain composition the system inverts from a W/O to an O/W microemulsion.
Prognostic Value of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity as Index of Arterial Stiffness in the General Population (2006)

In a general Danish population, APWV predicted a composite of cardiovascular outcomes above and beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including 24-hour MAP.
The non-catalytic <i>C</i>-terminal region of endoglucanase E from <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> contains a cellulose-binding domain (1991)

Mature endoglucanase E (EGE) from Clostridium thermocellum consists of 780 amino acid residues and has an Mr of 84,016. The N-terminal 334 amino acids comprise a functional catalytic domain. Full-length EGE bound to crystalline cellulose (Avicel) but not to xylan. Bound enzyme could be eluted with distilled water. The capacity of truncated derivatives of the enzyme to bind cellulose was investigated. EGE lacking 109 C-terminal residues (EGEd) or a derivative in which residues 367-432 of the mature form of the enzyme had been deleted (EGEb), bound to Avicel, whereas EGEa and EGEc, which lack 416 and 246 C-terminal residues respectively, did not. The specific activity of EGEa, consisting of the N-terminal 364 amino acids, was 4-fold higher than that of the full-length enzyme. The truncated derivative also exhibited lower affinity for the substrate beta-glucan than the full-length enzyme. It is concluded that EGE contains a cellulose-binding domain, located between residues 432 and 671, that is distinct from the active site. The role of this substrate-binding domain is discussed.
A Framework for Economic Forecasting (1998)

This paper proposes a tripartite framework of design, evaluation, and post-evaluation analysis for generating and interpreting economic forecasts. This framework&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s value is illustrated by re-examining mean square forecast errors from dynamic models and nonlinearity biases from empirical forecasts of U.S. external trade. Previous studies have examined properties such as nonlinearity bias and the possible nonmonotonicity and nonexistence of mean square forecast errors in isolation from other aspects of the forecasting process, resulting in inefficient forecasting techniques and seemingly puzzling phenomena. The framework developed reveals how each such property follows from systematically integrating all aspects of the forecasting process.
Cobaltocene-Catalyzed Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Propargyl Alcohols (1987)

Abstract The reaction of carbon dioxide with α-ethynyl tertiary alcohols has been catalyzed by cobaltocene to give α-methylene cyclic carbonates in good yields. α-Ethynyl primary or secondary alcohols give noncyclic alkyl carbonates in fair yields.
Zur Frage des pentakoordinierten Stickstoffs: Reaktionen von (spiro)cyclischen Tetraarylammonium‐Salzen mit Nucleophilen (1972)

Abstract Obwohl es heute keinen grundsätzlichen Einwand mehr gegen die Existenz von Derivaten des pentakoordinierten Stickstoffs gibt, war es nicht möglich, Bis‐[2.2′‐biphenylylen]‐ammoniumjodid ( 4 ) und das analoge Salz 23 mit Lithiumorganylen oder Sauerstoffbasen zur Ausbildung einer fünften Kovalenz zu bringen. Statt dessen erfolgten Ausweichreaktionen über dehydroaromatische Zwischenstufen. Die Thermolysen der Tetraarylammonium‐Salze 4 und 23 lassen sich dagegen auf der Basis radikalischer Reaktionsfolgen interpretieren. Das analoge Oxonium‐Salz 28 verhält sich entsprechend.
Monolithically integrated 64-channel WDM channel selector with novel configuration (2002)

A novel configuration, which can reduce the number of gates in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channel selector, is proposed. A monolithically integrated 64-channel selector is realised with only 16 optical gates. Selecting operation for all 64 channels was confirmed and zero insertion loss was achieved for almost all channels.
Animal Cells as Bioreactors (1994)

Because of their complexity, the new generation of genetically engineered protein drugs can only be made by biotechnological methods, using cultures of animal cells. This book covers all aspects of the technologies needed to turn animal cells into an acceptable and cost-effective tool for drug production. This includes modifying them genetically so that they produce the right product in high yield, getting them to grow reproducibly on an industrial scale, and extracting the required product from them. It also covers biological safety issues, and the verification of the chemical and biological nature of the protein drug produced. The work covers developments in all of these areas and how they all need to be integrated for the design of an effective biotechnological production process. It therefore provides a comprehensive guide to this area of biotechnology.
Cosmic-Ray Neutron Energy Spectrum (1959)

The cosmic-ray neutron energy spectrum in the equilibrium region of the atmosphere has been measured with several different calibrated detectors from thermal energies to about 1 Bev at 44\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} north magnetic latitude and up to 40 000 feet. By combination of the data from these measurements with those from other experiments, a complete differential energy spectrum is obtained which shows the characteristic maximum near thermal energies and a roughly $\frac{1}{E}$ variation up to about 100 kev. The presence of a second maximum in the spectrum near 1 Mev is attributed to the evaporation neutrons from stars, and above this energy up to 800 Mev the spectrum falls off as ${E}^{\ensuremath{-}1.4}$.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia in first chronic phase: a randomized trial of busulfan-cytoxan versus cytoxan-total body irradiation as preparative regimen: a report from the French Society of Bone Marrow Graft (SFGM) (1995)

From March 1988 to March 1991, 19 French bone marrow transplant (BMT) centers participated in a prospective randomized trial comparing two conditioning regimens for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia transplanted in first chronic phase with an HLA identical sibling donor. A total of 120 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide followed by total body irradiation (CY-TBI; n = 55) or 16 mg/kg of busulfan followed by 120 mg/kg of CY (BU-CY; n = 65). Two different TBI regimens were used. Thirteen patients received a 10-Gy single-dose TBI (SDTBI), and 42 received a fractionated TBI (FTBI). Median time between diagnosis and BMT was 315 days. Overall 5-year actuarial survival was 62.9% (65.8% +/- 12.5% for CY-TBI and 60.6 +/- 11.7% for BU-CY; P = .5), and overall disease-free survival was 55% (51% +/- 14% for CY-TBI and 59.1% +/- 11.8% for BU-CY; P = .75). All patients conditioned with CY-TBI experienced sustained engraftment; in contrast, 4 of 65 patients conditioned with BU-CY rejected the graft (P = .18). There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups regarding transplant-related mortality (29% for CY-TBI and 38% for BU-CY; P = .44). So far, with a median follow up of 42 months, 11 patients have relapsed; 9 relapses occurred after CY-TBI, mostly after FTBI (8 of 9) and 2 after BU-CY (P = .02). The actuarial risk of relapse was 4.4% +/- 6.7% after BU-CY, 11.1% +/- 20.8% after SDTBI, and 31.3% +/- 18.1% after FTBI (P = .039). In addition, independently of the conditioning regimen, the increase of posttransplant immunosuppression in 16 patients with an anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody (MoAb) in addition to a short course of methotrexate and cyclosporine was shown to increase the actuarial risk of relapse (57% +/- 30% with MoAb v 9% +/- 7.3% without MoAb; P = .001). We conclude that BU is an acceptable alternative to TBI for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in first chronic phase receiving BMT from HLA identical sibling donors. Both BU-CY and CY-TBI regimens gave similar transplant-related mortality, and the antileukemic efficiency of BU-CY regimen was either similar or even higher than that of CY-TBI.
Transfection of TCR <i>alpha</i>-chains into suppressor and T helper cell hybridomas. Production of suppressor factors with predicted antigen specificity. (1995)

Conditioned medium from Ag-specific suppressor T cell hybridomas contains soluble factors (TsF) that modulate immune responses in an Ag-specific manner. We previously generated a series of TCR-alpha- and TCR-beta- expression variants from a 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-specific inducer suppressor T cell hybridoma and demonstrated that loss of TCR alpha-chain mRNA, but not TCR-beta chain mRNA, was accompanied by concomitant loss of suppressor bioactivity. Suppressor factor bioactivity was restored by expression of TCR alpha-chain cDNA, suggesting that the TCR alpha-chain plays a critical role in Ag-specific suppressor cell function. We have now transfected TCR alpha-chain from a Th cell clone specific for arsanylated peptides plus I-Ad into a TCR-alpha- derivative of an NP-specific inducer suppressor T cell hybridoma. The transfectants expressed a new hybrid TCR-alpha beta complex and produced soluble factors that suppressed azobenzenearsonate hapten (ABA) but not NP delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. These supernatants mediated suppression of the induction, but not the effector phase of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. In reciprocal experiments we transfected a TCR alpha-chain from an NP-specific suppressor T cell hybridoma into a TCR-alpha- hybridoma derived from the ABA-specific Th cell hybridoma. The NP-specific TCR alpha-chain was expressed in the Th cell hybridoma, but the supernatant from this transfectant did not suppress DTH responses to either NP or ABA. However, the latter supernatants, when combined with cell lysates derived from a TCR-alpha- Ts hybridoma, specifically suppress NP DTH responses. These data are consistent with the interpretation that TCR alpha-chain imparts Ag specificity to the suppressor molecule and a second, yet undefined, component produced by the Ts hybridoma controls the immunoregulatory bioactivity.
The mechanics of continuum robots: Model-based sensing and control (2011)

To my darling Sarah Beth, who endured and encouraged me throughout the creation of this dissertation. ii Acknowledgments Before beginning this dissertation, I want to first acknowledge and thank the many people that have made it possible by contributing their support in many different ways. First, my advisor Bob Webster has invested an enormous amount of time and energy in me as his first graduate student. Without his brilliant intellectual guidance and support, I would have achieved far less in graduate school. Bob is one of the most patient and optimistic people I know, and his ability to humbly view situations from the perspective of others has made a significant impact on me. As a mentor and a friend, his selfless attitude and work-ethic are contagious, and I hope that I can follow his model of how to be an excellent researcher and teacher while simultaneously building meaningful relationships inside and outside of work. I would like to thank my dissertation committee, Bob Webster, Nabil Simaan, Mike Miga, Michael Goldfarb, and George Cook, for patiently reading this work and giving me extremely valuable feedback as well as career advice. In addition, the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and Intuitive Surgi-cal, Inc. have all provided essential funding for the research, and many anonymous reviewers of my publications have contributed valuable insights that improved the content throughout this dissertation. I give my heartfelt thanks to Myrtle, Jean, and Suzanne who have made my life much easier by helping with important logistical matters (morning coffee, travel arrangements, reimbursements, orders, registration) that an absent-minded person iii like me has trouble juggling all at once. In addition to this, their many kind words to me and friendly conversations have been very encouraging. I am grateful to the many other people who have directly contributed to the ideas
Ultra-Wideband Radar Development for Non-Touch Terrain Sensing Application on Close Combat Support Vehicles (2000)

(U) Grizzly, the Army's next-generation complex obstacle breaching system, operates in a harsh environment where sand, dirt, dust, mud, obscurants, battlefield debris, varying levels of vegetation, wide temperature ranges, and ballistic shock from artillery, direct fire, and both anti-tank and anti-personnel mine are the norm. One of the mission critical capabilities of the Grizzly is to effectively breach minefields. (U) The US Army Tank and Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), along with the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), have a joint Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) effort with Intelligent Automation Incorporated (IAI) to develop a novel non-touch terrain sensing technology that may be used to control the plow depth of the Grizzly's mine clearing blade (MCB). The sensor will need to determine the MCB's plow depth to within a two-inch accuracy of a user-selected depth in order to effectively clear surface and buried land mines.
Efficient network representation of grounded patch-based FSS (2014)

The disposal of an equivalent network representation to characterize the frequency behavior of grounded periodic arrays of printed patches is here combined with the assistance of full-wave electromagnetic simulator to achieve a very efficient method for analysis/design. The basic restriction of the present procedure is that the frequency band cannot be extended much beyond the first fundamental resonant frequency of the scatterer. Although this limitation can be important in some cases, it covers a great number of practical situations.
Evolution towards simultaneous high-speed packet data and voice services: an overview of cdma2000 1×EV-DV (2003)

Recently, the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) and Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) have approved and published cdma2000 1/spl times/EV-DV (data and voice) specifications as an evolution of cdma2000 family of standards. Meanwhile, the cdma2000 1/spl times/EV-DV specifications have also been submitted to ITU for normal approval as an IMT-2000 3G global standard. The technology will provide integrated voice with simultaneous high-speed packet data services including non-real-time as well as near-real-time applications at peak data rate higher than 3 Mbps. It also provides backward compatibility with cdma2000 1xRTT system. This study provides a technical overview and discusses key technology elements adopted to increase system capabilities. In addition, the protocol and control scheme of cdma2000 1/spl times/EV-DV packet data channel will be described.
A LAYERED FRAMEWORK FOR CONNECTING CLIENT OBJECTIVES AND RESOURCE CAPABILITIES (2006)

In large-scale, distributed systems such as Grids, an agreement between a client and a service provider specifies service level objectives both as expressions of client requirements and as provider assurances. From an application perspective, these objectives should be expressed in a high-level, service or application-specific manner rather than requiring clients to detail the necessary resources. Resource providers on the other hand, expect low-level, resource-specific performance criteria that are uniform across applications and can be easily interpreted and provisioned. This paper presents a framework for service management that addresses this gap between high-level specification of client performance objectives and existing resource management infrastructures. The paper identifies three levels of abstraction for resource requirements a service provider needs to manage, namely: detailed specification of raw resources, virtualization of heterogeneous resources as abstract resources, and performance objectives at an application level. The paper also identifies three key functions for managing service-level agreements, namely: translation of resource requirements across abstraction layers, arbitration in allocating resources to client requests, and aggregation and allocation of resources from multiple lower-level resource managers. One or more of these key functions may be present at each abstraction layer of a service-level manager. Thus, layering and the composition of these functions across abstraction layers enables modeling of a wide array of management scenarios. The framework we present uses service metadata and/or service performance models to map client requirements to resource capabilities, uses business value associated with objectives to arbitrate between competing requests, and allocates resources based on previously negotiated agreements. We instantiate this framework for three different scenarios and explain how the architectural principles we introduce are used in the real-word.
Biological and clinical relevance of stem cells in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2012)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in a growing number of human malignancies. CSC are functionally defined by their ability to self-renew and recapitulate tumors in the ectopic setting, and a growing number of studies have shown that they display other functional characteristics, such as invasion and drug resistance. These unique functional properties implicate a role for CSC in clinical consequences, such as initial tumor formation, relapse following treatment, metastasis, and resistance, suggesting they are a major factor in directing clinical outcomes. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly-aggressive disease with a propensity for early metastasis and drug resistance. Tumorigenic pancreatic cancer cells have been identified using the cell surface antigens CD44, CD24, and CD133, as well as the high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ALDH- and CD133-expressing pancreatic CSC have a greater propensity for metastasis, and ALDH-expressing CSC have been shown to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In clinical samples from patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the presence of ALDH-expressing CSC was associated with worse overall survival. The development of CSC-targeting therapies might be important in changing the clinical outcomes of patients with this disease, and others and we have begun to identify novel compounds that block CSC function. This review will discuss the biological and clinical relevance of CSC in pancreatic cancer, and will discuss novel therapeutic strategies to target them.
Effective ion‐pairing for the separation of basic proteins in capillary electrophoresis (1995)

The addition of the sodium salt of phytic acid to the separation buffer (pH's 6.0-9.5) has allowed the analysis of a number of basic proteins (pI's > 9) by capillary electrophoresis. The method of analysis is simple and leads to considerable improvement in peak shape. Some very basic proteins, totally adsorbed onto the capillary fused silica surfaces in the presence of buffer only, can be analysed as sharp signals when this polyanionic species is included in the running electrolyte. These improvements in analysis are thought to arise as a result of the suppression of coulombic interactions between these positively charged proteins (ion-paired to phytic acid) and the negatively charged silanol groups on the inner wall of the capillary.