gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Lipid Composition, pH, and Temperature on Physicochemical Properties of Liposomes with Curcumin as Model Drug (2016)

The physicochemical properties of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) were assessed with respect to lipid composition, pH, time, and temperature by monitoring their size, zeta potential, drug payload, and thermal behavior. A conventional thin film hydration technique was employed to prepare liposomes from soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), and a 7:3 (M/M) mixture of DPPC+DPPG along with 30 mole% cholesterol in each combination. While the size of liposomes depended on lipid composition, pH and temperature, the zeta potential was found to be independent of the pH of the medium, although it varied with liposome type. Spherical morphology and bilayer were observed by electron microscopy. The phase transition temperature increased with decreasing pH. Membrane micro-viscosity showed the highest value for SPC, and membrane rigidity increased with increasing pH. The entrapment efficiency of liposomes with reference to curcumin was as follows: DPPC>DPPC+DPPG>DPPG>SPC. Sustained release of curcumin was observed for all liposomes. Curcumin-loaded liposomes exhibited substantial antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Additional studies are needed to improve the understanding of the effect of formulation variables on the physicochemical stability of liposomes.
Shedding of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Patients Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery With Global and Regional Ischemia (2007)

This study provides the first evidence in humans for shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx during ischemia/reperfusion procedures.
Application Study on the Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Energy Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2015)

To explore the problems associated with applying dynamic programming (DP) in the energy management strategies of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), a plug-in hybrid bus powertrain is introduced and its dynamic control model is constructed. The numerical issues, including the discretization resolution of the relevant variables and the boundary issue of their feasible regions, were considered when implementing DP to solve the optimal control problem of PHEVs. The tradeoff between the optimization accuracy when using the DP algorithm and the computational burden was systematically investigated. As a result of overcoming the numerical issues, the DP-based approach has the potential to improve the fuel-savings potential of PHEVs. The results from comparing the DP-based strategy and the traditional control strategy indicate that there is an approximately 20% improvement in fuel economy.
Changes in consumer choice: Further investigation of similarity and attraction effects (1987)

Abstract Attraction and substitution effects have been shown to be important determinants of brand choice when a new brand is added to a choice set. A simple framework is proposed for predicting the effect on relative market shares when a new brand is added to the choice set in an experimental setting. The study attempts to replicate previous results concerning the relative impact of attraction and similarity and to extend empirical findings to brand attribute positionings not examined in recent research on the attraction effect. Generally, the proposed framework operates as hypothesized, and results suggest that, in some instances, a new brand may benefit substantially from the joint effects of attraction and similarity.
Spatial TDMA in Ad Hoc Networks with Antenna Arrays (2001)

In modern military operations the requirements of transmitting large amounts of information have increased substantially during the last decade. This increases the demand for high-capacity radio networks. It is also very important that military decisions are made on recent and correct information and this implies that low and known delays are required. The existing military radio ommunications, within the Swedish army, do not meet the requirements for capacity and delay. We have investigated how the capacity and average delay can be improved in an Ad Hoc network with STDMA by using antenna arrays. The study is based on different antenna combinations consistingof single isotropic antenna element, beam steering and adaptive beamforming. We have also studied how the number of antenna elements, the terrain, and an increased connectivity due to the antenna arrays_affects the performance measurements. The study shows that the capacity is improved with up to 1200%, and the average delays are decreased when using antenna arrays instead of single isotropic antenna elements. Depending on the beamforming combination used the capacity gain and average delay reduction will differ. The way of using the antenna array also affects the capacity gain and average delay. The capacity gain is higher when the antenna array is used not only to suppress and decrease interferences, but also to increase the connectivity. The study also shows that the capacity gain is higher when using more antenna elements for a network with a high number of links, than with fewer. The benefit from antenna arrays is higher in a flat terrain than in a rough.
Learning Spectral Mapping for Speech Dereverberation and Denoising (2015)

In real-world environments, human speech is usually distorted by both reverberation and background noise, which have negative effects on speech intelligibility and speech quality. They also cause performance degradation in many speech technology applications, such as automatic speech recognition. Therefore, the dereverberation and denoising problems must be dealt with in daily listening environments. In this paper, we propose to perform speech dereverberation using supervised learning, and the supervised approach is then extended to address both dereverberation and denoising. Deep neural networks are trained to directly learn a spectral mapping from the magnitude spectrogram of corrupted speech to that of clean speech. The proposed approach substantially attenuates the distortion caused by reverberation, as well as background noise, and is conceptually simple. Systematic experiments show that the proposed approach leads to significant improvements of predicted speech intelligibility and quality, as well as automatic speech recognition in reverberant noisy conditions. Comparisons show that our approach substantially outperforms related methods.
Hindsight Experience Replay (2017)

Dealing with sparse rewards is one of the biggest challenges in Reinforcement Learning (RL). We present a novel technique called Hindsight Experience Replay which allows sample-efficient learning from rewards which are sparse and binary and therefore avoid the need for complicated reward engineering. It can be combined with an arbitrary off-policy RL algorithm and may be seen as a form of implicit curriculum. We demonstrate our approach on the task of manipulating objects with a robotic arm. In particular, we run experiments on three different tasks: pushing, sliding, and pick-and-place, in each case using only binary rewards indicating whether or not the task is completed. Our ablation studies show that Hindsight Experience Replay is a crucial ingredient which makes training possible in these challenging environments. We show that our policies trained on a physics simulation can be deployed on a physical robot and successfully complete the task.
Agreement of Dermatopathologists in the Evaluation of Clinically Difficult Melanocytic Lesions: How Golden Is the ‘Gold Standard’? (2012)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is dermatopathology. Although most of the diagnostic criteria are clearly defined, the interpretation of histopathology slides may be subject to interobserver variability. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to determine the variability among dermatopathologists in the interpretation of clinically difficult melanocytic lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study used the database of MelaFind®, a computer-vision system for the diagnosis of melanoma. All lesions were surgically removed and sent for independent evaluation by four dermatopathologists. Agreement was calculated using kappa statistics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,249 pigmented melanocytic lesions were included. There was a substantial agreement among expert dermatopathologists: two-category kappa was 0.80 (melanoma vs. non-melanoma) and three-category kappa was 0.62 (malignant vs. borderline vs. benign melanocytic lesions). The agreement was significantly greater for patients ≥40 years (three-category kappa = 0.67) than for younger patients (kappa = 0.49). In addition, the agreement was significantly lower for patients with atypical mole syndrome (AMS) (kappa = 0.31) than for patients without AMS (kappa = 0.76). <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> The data were limited by the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the MelaFind® study. This might represent a selection bias. The agreement was evaluated using kappa statistics. This is a standard method for evaluating agreement among pathologists, but might be considered controversial by some statisticians. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Expert dermatopathologists have a high level of agreement when diagnosing clinically difficult melanocytic lesions. However, even among expert dermatopathologists, the current ‘gold standard’ is not perfect. Our results indicate that lesions from younger patients and patients with AMS may be more problematic for the dermatopathologists, suggesting that improved diagnostic criteria are needed for such patients.
Specification of haematopoietic stem cell fate via modulation of mitochondrial activity (2016)

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differ from their committed progeny by relying primarily on anaerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. However, whether this change in the metabolic program is the cause or the consequence of the unique function of HSCs remains unknown. Here we show that enforced modulation of energy metabolism impacts HSC self-renewal. Lowering the mitochondrial activity of HSCs by chemically uncoupling the electron transport chain drives self-renewal under culture conditions that normally induce rapid differentiation. We demonstrate that this metabolic specification of HSC fate occurs through the reversible decrease of mitochondrial mass by autophagy. Our data thus reveal a causal relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and fate choice of HSCs and also provide a valuable tool to expand HSCs outside of their native bone marrow niches.
Aluminous Keatite—An Improved Rotary Ceramic Regenerator Core Material (1978)

Rotary lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) ceramic regenerator cores for gas turbines have had limited durability in applications using sulphur bearing hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel oil. The presence of sulphuric acid from the combustion process caused a lithium/hydrogen ion exchange and resulted in core failure. This paper describes a unique low thermal expansion aluminous keatite material (Corning Code 9460) which was developed to overcome the foregoing problem. Cores made from this new material have now operated over 6000 hr in Ford 707 gas turbines.
The Ionization Constant of Acetic Acid in 50% Glycerol-Water Solution from 0 to 90° (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ionization Constant of Acetic Acid in 50% Glycerol-Water Solution from 0 to 90°Herbert S. Harned and F. H. Max NestlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 6, 966–967Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01210a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01210a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptide Synthesis and Applications (2013)

Peptides are used ubiquitously for studies in biology, biochemistry, chemical biology, peptide based medicinal chemistry, and many other areas of research. There is a number of marketed peptide drugs,
Robust Task Clustering for Deep Many-Task Learning (2017)

We investigate task clustering for deep-learning based multi-task and few-shot learning in a many-task setting. We propose a new method to measure task similarities with cross-task transfer performance matrix for the deep learning scenario. Although this matrix provides us critical information regarding similarity between tasks, its asymmetric property and unreliable performance scores can affect conventional clustering methods adversely. Additionally, the uncertain task-pairs, i.e., the ones with extremely asymmetric transfer scores, may collectively mislead clustering algorithms to output an inaccurate task-partition. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel task-clustering algorithm by using the matrix completion technique. The proposed algorithm constructs a partially-observed similarity matrix based on the certainty of cluster membership of the task-pairs. We then use a matrix completion algorithm to complete the similarity matrix. Our theoretical analysis shows that under mild constraints, the proposed algorithm will perfectly recover the underlying "true" similarity matrix with a high probability. Our results show that the new task clustering method can discover task clusters for training flexible and superior neural network models in a multi-task learning setup for sentiment classification and dialog intent classification tasks. Our task clustering approach also extends metric-based few-shot learning methods to adapt multiple metrics, which demonstrates empirical advantages when the tasks are diverse.
A Novel Track-before-Detect Algorithm for Small Dim Infrared Target (2011)

A novel track-before-detect filtering algorithm is proposed for small dim infrared targets with low signal-to-noise ratio under complex backgrounds. A new particle filter called Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling based Gaussian particle filter(QMC-GPF) is developed to estimate on-line the standard kinematic parameters of the target, including position and velocity, as well as the amplitude of the target. The convergence characteristic of the covariance matrix of the posterior densities propagated in the QMC-GPF is used to determine whether it is the true target. The algorithm is tested with a synthetic target in IR image sequences, and it is proved that the algorithm is capable of performing sufficiently well for dim target of SNR≥R1dB.
Synthesis of New Carnosine Derivatives ofβ-Cyclodextrin and Their Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger Ability (2002)

Several in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that carnosine can act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and intracellular proton buffer. On the other hand, carnosinase is a specific peptidase able to destroy the biological active dipeptide. To overcome this constraint, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was functionalized with carnosine to give the following new compounds: 6A-[(3-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl)amino]-6A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin (1), 6A-[(β-alanyl-L-histidyl)amino]-β-cyclodextrin (2), and (2AS,3AR)-3A-[(3-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin (3). Pulse-radiolysis investigation showed that the β-CD derivatives 1–3 are excellent scavengers of OH. radicals. Their activity is not only due to the formation of the stable imidazole-centered radical, but also to the scavenger ability of the glucose moieties of the macrocycle (Scheme). This effect is independent of the disposition of the imidazole ring. In fact, the quenching constant values are similar for the three compounds.
A comparison of athletic mouthguard materials (1985)

The development of protective mouthguards resulted from extensive injuries during participation in contact sports. This has produced a dramatic decrease in the incidence of injuries to the orofacial complex. Numerous materials and techniques have been used for mouthguard fabrication. The purpose of this investigation was to make an in vivo comparison of various thermoplastic mouthguard materials. Mouthguards were fabricated upon maxillary models of 40 members of the UCLA football team. The mouthguards were made of the following materials: poly (vinyl acetate-ethylene) copolymer clear thermoplastic; polyurethane; and laminated thermoplastic. Eleven measurements were taken for each mouthguard to demonstrate dimensional changes that occurred with wear. Statistical analyses determined differences between the types of mouthguards. The clear thermoplastic revealed less dimensional change than the polyurethane material. The laminated thermoplastic showed significantly less dimensional change than the other materials tested.
Suppression of the coffee-ring effect by sugar-assisted depinning of contact line (2018)

Inkjet printing is of growing interest due to the attractive technologies for surface patterning. During the printing process, the solutes are transported to the droplet periphery and form a ring-like deposit, which disturbs the fabrication of high-resolution patterns. Thus, controlling the uniformity of particle coating is crucial in the advanced and extensive applications. Here, we find that sweet coffee drops above a threshold sugar concentration leave uniform rather than the ring-like pattern. The evaporative deposit changes from a ring-like pattern to a uniform pattern with an increase in sugar concentration. We moreover observe the particle movements near the contact line during the evaporation, suggesting that the sugar is precipitated from the droplet edge because of the highest evaporation and it causes the depinning of the contact line. By analyzing the following dynamics of the depinning contact line and flow fields and observing the internal structure of the deposit with a FIB-SEM system, we conclude that the depinned contact line recedes due to the solidification of sugar solution without any slip motion while suppressing the capillary flow and homogeneously fixing suspended particles, leading to the uniform coating. Our findings show that suppressing the coffee-ring effect by adding sugar is a cost-effective, easy and nontoxic strategy for improving the pattern resolution.
Training energy-based models for time-series imputation (2013)

Imputing missing values in high dimensional time-series is a difficult problem. This paper presents a strategy for training energy-based graphical models for imputation directly, bypassing difficulties probabilistic approaches would face. The training strategy is inspired by recent work on optimization-based learning (Domke, 2012) and allows complex neural models with convolutional and recurrent structures to be trained for imputation tasks. In this work, we use this training strategy to derive learning rules for three substantially different neural architectures. Inference in these models is done by either truncated gradient descent or variational mean-field iterations. In our experiments, we found that the training methods outperform the Contrastive Divergence learning algorithm. Moreover, the training methods can easily handle missing values in the training data itself during learning. We demonstrate the performance of this learning scheme and the three models we introduce on one artificial and two real-world data sets.
<i>H pylori</i> antibiotic resistance: prevalence, importance, and advances in testing (2004)

Data from studies including more than 100
Effects of Substratum Topography on Cell Behavior (2002)

An individual cell is exposed to a large number of environmental stimuli that initiate complex interconnecting intracellular signaling cascades, which in turn modulate a dynamic community of intracellular proteins. Stimuli may act through binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. Such ligand-receptor interactions include receptor binding of hormones, growth factors, neuropeptides, and specific amino acid sequences found in the extracellular matrix (e.g., arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, also termed RGD). Cells can also be greatly influenced through interaction with factors that are nonspecific in that they do not require membrane-associated receptors. An example of such a factor is provided by antimicrobial defense peptides that form multimeric pores in cell membranes and can serve as trophic factors over a narrow range of concentrations while inducing toxicity at high concentrations. Finally, cells are also impacted by numerous nonspecific environmental factors, such as pH, osmolality, temperature, ion concentrations, electrical fields, surface chemistry of the substratum, and biomechanical stressors. How a cell assimilates and responds to a multitude of simultaneous stimuli is still largely unknown.
Synthesis of Phenyleneethynylene-Doped Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenebutadiynylene)s for Live Cell Imaging (2013)

We developed a new synthetic approach to high molecular weight poly(p-phenylenebutadiynylene) s (PPBs) by increasing backbone flexibility. The introduction of a small amount of flexible units along the backbone improved both the physical and photophysical properties of the polymers. These materials were successfully fabricated into conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) and used for fluorescent live cell imaging for the first time.
Providing Ada based test program and soft panel instrument controls (2003)

The capabilities of the Universal Ada Test Language (UATL) have been expanded. The UATL was rehosted to an HP Model 9000/Series 300 processor, and a set of test program generation and soft panel instrument control functions were added. HP's interactive test generator (ITG) includes ASCII instrument driver files that characterize the instrument functions and define interactive soft-panel control screens for developing test programs in BASIC. UATL/Ada-based instrument and operator screen control procedures have been written that provide similar functions for generating test programs in Ada. UATL provides a complete set of test support functions in Ada for performing closed-loop testing of a unit-under-test through its external interfaces. In addition to the instrument control functions, the UATL provides real-time digital stimulus/response controls over software or hardware interfaces, online test control and performance monitoring, data recording, and both ASCII and graphical data reduction. Ada introduces the advantages of portability and reusability, extensive data consistency checking, and built-in multitasking support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>