gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial mechanisms of interannual CO<sub>2</sub>variability (2005)

The interannual variability of atmospheric CO 2 growth rate shows remarkable correlation with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we present results from mechanistically based terrestrial carbon cycle model VEgetation‐Global‐Atmosphere‐Soil (VEGAS), forced by observed climate fields such as precipitation and temperature. Land is found to explain most of the interannual CO 2 variability with a magnitude of about 5 PgC yr −1 . The simulated land‐atmosphere flux has a detrended correlation of 0.53 (0.6 at the 2–7 year ENSO band) with the CO 2 growth rate observed at Mauna Loa from 1965 to 2000. We also present the total ocean flux from the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle Model (HAMOCC) which shows ocean‐atmosphere flux variation of about 1 PgC yr −1 , and it is largely out of phase with land flux. On land, much of the change comes from the tropical regions such as the Amazon and Indonesia where ENSO related climate anomalies are in the same direction across much of the tropics. The subcontinental variations over North America and Eurasia are comparable to the tropics but the total interannual variability is about 1 PgC yr −1 due to the cancellation from the subregions. This has implication for flux measurement network distribution. The tropical dominance also results from a “conspiracy” between climate and plant/soil physiology, as precipitation and temperature changes drive opposite changes in net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (R h ), both contributing to land‐atmosphere flux changes in the same direction. However, NPP contributes to about three fourths of the total tropical interannual variation and the rest is from heterotrophic respiration; thus precipitation appears to be a more important factor than temperature on the interannual timescales as tropical wet and dry regimes control vegetation growth. Fire, largely driven by drought, also contributes significantly to the interannual CO 2 variability at a rate of about 1 PgC yr −1 , and it is not totally in phase with NPP or R h . The robust variability in tropical fluxes agree well with atmospheric inverse modeling results. Even over North America and Eurasia, where ENSO teleconnection is less robust, the fluxes show general agreement with inversion results, an encouraging sign for fruitful carbon data assimilation.
The Proteomes of Human Parotid and Submandibular/Sublingual Gland Salivas Collected as the Ductal Secretions (2008)

Saliva is a body fluid with important functions in oral and general health. A consortium of three research groups catalogued the proteins in human saliva collected as the ductal secretions: 1166 identifications--914 in parotid and 917 in submandibular/sublingual saliva--were made. The results showed that a high proportion of proteins that are found in plasma and/or tears are also present in saliva along with unique components. The proteins identified are involved in numerous molecular processes ranging from structural functions to enzymatic/catalytic activities. As expected, the majority mapped to the extracellular and secretory compartments. An immunoblot approach was used to validate the presence in saliva of a subset of the proteins identified by mass spectrometric approaches. These experiments focused on novel constituents and proteins for which the peptide evidence was relatively weak. Ultimately, information derived from the work reported here and related published studies can be used to translate blood-based clinical laboratory tests into a format that utilizes saliva. Additionally, a catalogue of the salivary proteome of healthy individuals allows future analyses of salivary samples from individuals with oral and systemic diseases, with the goal of identifying biomarkers with diagnostic and/or prognostic value for these conditions; another possibility is the discovery of therapeutic targets.
Forced oscillation technique for the evaluation of severe sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome: a pilot study (1998)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method of potential clinical interest for quantitatively assessing airway mechanics during sleep. We investigated the applicability of FOT as a diagnostic tool for noninvasive assessment of airflow obstruction in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) during sleep. In seven patients previously diagnosed with severe SAHS (mean+/-SD apnoea/ hypopnoea index (AHI) 67+/-14) we performed a full polysomnography (PSG) together with on-line measurement of respiratory impedance (IZI) using FOT. For each patient we determined: 1) number of respiratory events conventionally detected by full PSG, those obtained by FOT and their degree of concordance; and 2) the characteristics and values of IZI during the respiratory events. FOT was well tolerated and easily applied in conjunction with a conventional sleep setup. The mean number of respiratory events x h(-1) detected by PSG and FOT were 55+/-16 and 58+/-17, respectively, with a strong concordance. IZI increased from a baseline of 11+/-4 to 50+/-20 cmH2O x L(-1) x s during apnoea (mean+/-SD). In all but one patient intermittent increases of IZI occurred immediately before each obstructive apnoea. In four patients, the increases of IZI developed at end-expiration whereas in two others occurred during inspiration. During hypopnoea most of the patients showed decreases of IZI during expiration. In conclusion, forced oscillation technique can be used as a noninvasive and complementary tool for the diagnosis of respiratory events and provides an on-line quantitative approach for continuous monitoring of airflow obstruction during sleep in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
A simple, fully screened, high-voltage vacuum feedthrough (1977)

A high-vacuum feedthrough is described which is small and simple to construct and incorporates rigorous screening against noise pick-up. Rotary and linear displacements can be transmitted across the vacuum interface by the feedthrough.
LIFE HISTORY VARIATION WITHIN POPULATIONS OF AN ASEXUAL PLANT, ERIGERON ANNUUS (ASTERACEAE) (1991)

Genetic variation was measured for several morphological and life history characters in Erigeron annum, a triploid and obligately apomictic species. There was significant genetic variation for nearly all characters measured, including plant size, growth rate, time of flowering, biomass allocation to roots and shoots, seed weight, and germination response to temperature. Variance among genotypes accounted for up to 55% of the total phenotypic variance, well within the range of heritabilities observed for sexual species. These estimates of broad‐sense heritability predict substantial short‐term response to selection on life history characters in this asexual species.
A PRACTICAL MECHANICAL METHOD OF END-TO-END ANASTOMOSIS OF BLOOD-VESSELS (1910)

This work was done in the laboratory of the department of Experimental Surgery of Northwestern University Medical School, with the cooperation and assistance of Prof. Robert Zeit and Drs. Wolfer, Violet Deason and Solmon. It is accomplished by the use of rings of metallic magnesium. <h3>PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND METALLURGY OF MAGNESIUM</h3> Magnesium is a hard, silver-white metal, having a specific gravity of 1.75 and possessing a melting point of 800 degrees. As it tarnishes in the air the bright luster is soon lost, but the change is unimportant at the ordinary temperature. At a high temperature combustion follows, with production of the well-known brilliant white light. At ordinary room temperature the action increases and hydrogen gas is slowly liberated, the hydroxid of magnesium being formed at the same time. The action of water on magnesium is hastened by the presence of salts, such as sodium chlorid, from which it follows
Expression of CD25 defines peripheral blood mononuclear cells with productive versus latent HIV infection (1995)

The present studies were designed to further determine whether the CD25 marker could distinguish between cells productively and latently infected with HIV. This was accomplished by combining immunotoxin (IT)-mediated killing of CD25+ cells, highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence to detect remaining CD25+ cells, and PCR-mediated amplification of proviral DNA in immunotoxin-treated vs untreated HIV-infected cells. Our results demonstrate that: 1) By direct immunofluorescence 3 to 8% of PBMCs are CD25+, whereas by indirect immunofluorescence 30% are CD25+. The increased number of CD25+ cells is due to their detection by the highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assay. Up to 60% of the CD25+ cells are CD4+ and 12% are CD8+. 2) Treatment of HIV-infected PBMCs with an anti-CD25 IT for 6 days eliminated both CD25high and CD25low cells and decreased the production of p24 by 99%. 3) Differences in the HIV proviral genome were detected in the unfractionated PBMCs vs PBMCs from which CD25+ cells had been eliminated by IT treatment. Hence, PBMCs containing both CD25+ and CD25- cells express all intermediate proviral species and full-length double-stranded proviral DNA. In contrast, CD25- quiescent cells contain predominantly intermediate species. These results confirm and extend our previous observations that expression of CD25 can distinguish latently infected cells from cells producing virus.
The Use of the Adjoint Method for Solving Typical Optimization Problems in Multibody Dynamics (2014)

The present paper illustrates the potential of the adjoint method for a wide range of optimization problems in multibody dynamics such as inverse dynamics and parameter identification. Although the equations and matrices included show a complicated structure, the additional effort when combining the standard forward solver to the adjoint backward solver is kept in limits. Therefore, the adjoint method shows an efficient way to incorporate inverse dynamics to engineering multibody applications, e.g., trajectory tracking or parameter identification in the field of robotics. The present paper studies examples for both, parameter identification and optimal control, and shows the potential of the adjoint method in solving classical optimization problems in multibody dynamics.
Special Purpose Ammonia Frequency Standard a Feasibility Study (1979)

We have investigated the feasibility of a special purpose frequency standard based on microwave absorption in ammonia gas (N15H3). Such a device would potentially fill a need in certain communications and navigation applications for an oscillator which has medium stability, greater accuracy (~10-9) than that provided by crystal oscillators, but a cost significantly smaller than that of more sophisticated atomic frequency standards. A device was constructed using a stripline oscillator near 0.5 GHz whose multiplied output was frequency-locked to the absorption of the 3-3 line in N15H3 (~22.8 GHz). Output between 5 and 10 MHz was provided by direct division from the 0.5-GHz oscillator. Observed stability was 2 x 10-10 from 10 to 6000 s, and reproducibility (accuracy) is estimated to be ±2 x 10-9. The unique features of this device, which include 1) high-performance stripline oscillator, 2) digital servo techniques, 3) unique oscillator-cavity servo, 4) pressure shift compensation scheme, and 5) acceleration insensitivity, are discussed. Areas for further study are noted.
Vibrational spectra of terminal metal hydrides: solution and matrix-isolation studies of [(.eta.-C5H5)2MHn]x+ (M = Re, Mo, W, Nb, Ta; n = 1-3; x = 0, 1) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational spectra of terminal metal hydrides: solution and matrix-isolation studies of [(.eta.-C5H5)2MHn]x+ (M = Re, Mo, W, Nb, Ta; n = 1-3; x = 0, 1)Reuben B. Girling, Peter Grebenik, and Robin N. PerutzCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 1, 31–36Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00221a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00221a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Antiproliferative and antimetabolic effects behind the anticancer property of fermented wheat germ extract (2016)

FWGE and the DMBQ compound both induced oxidative stress-promoted cytotoxicity. In addition, FWGE exhibited cytostatic and growth delay effects associated with impaired glucose utilization which led to autophagy, a possible previously unknown mechanism behind the influence of FWGE on cancer cell metabolism.
Multiple-wire array load for high-power pulsed generators (1976)

Exploding wire loads have been used for several years to generate a hot dense plasma. For a generator with a rise time of tens of nsec and an impedance of 1 Ω or less, the inductance of the wire load and the tendency of current to flow outside the wire limits the energy that can be transferred to the wire. An array of several wires has now been used to lower the inductance and improve the energy transfer.
Invariant Amino Acids in the Mur Peptide Synthetases of Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Their Modification by Site-Directed Mutagenesis in the UDP-MurNAc:<scp>l</scp>-Alanine Ligase from <i>Escherichia </i><i>coli</i> (1997)

The comparison of the amino acid sequences of 20 cytoplasmic peptidoglycan synthetases (MurC, MurD, MurE, MurF, and Mpl) from various bacterial organisms has allowed us to detect common invariants: seven amino acids and the ATP-binding consensus sequence GXXGKT/S all at the same position in the alignment. The Mur synthetases thus appeared as a well-defined class of closely functionally related proteins. The conservation of a constant backbone length between certain invariants suggested common structural motifs. Among the other enzymes catalyzing a peptide bond formation driven by ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi, only folylpoly-gamma-l-glutamate synthetases presented the same common conserved amino acid residues, except for the most N-terminal invariant D50. Site-directed mutageneses were carried out to replace the K130, E174, H199, N293, N296, R327, and D351 residues by alanine in the MurC protein from Escherichia coli taken as model. For this purpose, plasmid pAM1005 was used as template, MurC being highly overproduced in this genetic setting. Analysis of the Vmax values of the mutated proteins suggested that residues K130, E174, and D351 are essential for the catalytic process whereas residues H199, N293, N296, and R327 were not. Mutations K130A, H199A, N293A, N296A, and R327A led to important variations of the Km values for one or more substrates, thereby indicating that these residues are involved in the structure of the active site and suggesting that the binding order of the substrates could be ATP, UDP-MurNAc, and alanine. The various mutated murC plasmids were tested for their effects on the growth, cell morphology, and peptidoglycan cell content of a murC thermosensitive strain at 42 degrees C. The observed effects (complementation, altered morphology, and reduced peptidoglycan content) paralleled more or less the decreased values of the MurC activity of each mutant.
Composition of the Organic Phase Species in the Synergistic Extraction of Sr<sup>2+</sup>by Mixtures of Di(2‐Ethylhexyl) Alkylenediphosphonic Acids and Dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 (2003)

Abstract The extraction of Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+ from aqueous nitric acid solutions by P,P′‐di(2‐ethylhexyl) ethylene‐ (H2DEH[EDP]) and butylene‐ (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids in o‐xylene is synergized by the cis‐syn‐cis and cis‐anti‐cis stereoisomers of dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 (DCH18C6). However, no information is available on the composition of the synergistic complexes. In this work a detailed investigation of the composition of the organic phase species formed in these systems has been performed using Sr2+ as a probe, with a variety of techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, vapor pressure osmometry, and distribution methods. The latter methods have been employed under conditions ranging from trace metal concentration to organic phase saturation. The results from these experiments indicate that for the H2DEH[BuDP] system, the synergistic complex contains one Sr2+ ion, one crown ether molecule, and two diphosphonic acid trimers. For the H2DEH[EDP] system, the predominant synergistic complex has the 1:1:1 metal ion:crown ether:diphosphonic acid hexamer stoichiometry. Some of the results, however, indicate that a complex containing two H2DEH[EDP] hexamers can also be formed.
EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DAWN ON SUBJECTIVE RATINGS OF SLEEP INERTIA AND DIM LIGHT MELATONIN ONSET (2010)

The timing of work and social requirements has a negative impact on performance and well-being of a significant proportion of the population in our modern society due to a phenomenon known as social jetlag. During workdays, in the early morning, late chronotypes, in particular, suffer from a combination of a nonoptimal circadian phase and sleep deprivation. Sleep inertia, a transient period of lowered arousal after awakening, therefore, becomes more severe. In the present home study, the authors tested whether the use of an alarm clock with artificial dawn could reduce complaints of sleep inertia in people having difficulties in waking up early. The authors also examined whether these improvements were accompanied by a shift in the melatonin rhythm. Two studies were performed: Study 1: three conditions (0, 50, and 250 lux) and Study 2: two conditions (0 lux and self-selected dawn-light intensity). Each condition lasted 2 weeks. In both studies, the use of the artificial dawn resulted in a significant reduction of sleep inertia complaints. However, no significant shift in the onset of melatonin was observed after 2 weeks of using the artificial dawn of 250 lux or 50 lux compared to the control condition. A multilevel analysis revealed that only the presence of the artificial dawn, rather than shift in the dim light melatonin onset or timing of sleep offset, is related to the observed reduction of sleep inertia complaints. Mechanisms other than shift of circadian rhythms are needed to explain the positive results on sleep inertia of waking up with a dawn signal.
A Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm in Computational Grid Using Fair Scheduling (2011)

Grid Computing has emerged as an important new field focusing on resource sharing. One of the most challenging issues in Grid Computing is efficient scheduling of tasks. In this paper, we propose a Load balancing algorithm for fair scheduling, and we compare it to other scheduling schemes such as the Earliest Deadline First, Simple Fair Task order, Adjusted Fair Task Order and Max Min Fair Scheduling for a computational grid. It addresses the fairness issues by using mean waiting time. It scheduled the task by using fair completion time and rescheduled by using mean waiting time of each task to obtain load balance. This algorithm scheme tries to provide optimal solution so that it reduces the execution time and expected price for the execution of all the jobs in the grid system is minimized. The performance of the proposed algorithm compared with other algorithm by using simulation.
Use of HLA Typing in Diagnosing Celiac Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

The prevalence of celiac disease among patients with type 1 diabetes is higher than previously estimated in Australia. TTGA is a valuable diagnostic tool that can be used for screening celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. HLA typing should not be used in the diagnosis of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes because of the similarities of HLA types between patients with type 1 diabetes and those with celiac disease.
Realtime FPGA-Based Vision System (2005)

This article describes a realtime FPGA-based vision system and its experimental evaluation. We detail the developed system, implementing three vision algorithms on it – image gravity center computation, object orientation detection using radial projection, and Hough transform computation. We then execute these algorithms on the FPGA-based vision system.
Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases (2005)

Conjugation with sulfonate (SO31−) is an important pathway in the biotransformation of numerous xeno- and endobiotics such as drugs, chemical carcinogens, hormones, bile acids, and neurotransmitters. This reaction is often incorrectly referred to in the literature as sulfation (Banoglu, 2000; Klaassen et al., 1998; Li and Anderson, 1999; Zhu et al., 1993a, 1993b). Xenobiotics and endobiotics may undergo sulfonation directly (phase II metabolism: paracetamol, minoxidil) or following phase I metabolism after gaining a functional hydroxyl group (e.g., N-hydroxy arylamines). The sulfonate donor for these reactions is 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and the transfer of this functional group is catalyzed by a supergene family of enzymes called sulfotransferases (SULTs). In the case of the above substrates, the SULTs that catalyze this reaction are localized in the cytosolic fraction of the cell. Another class of membrane-bound SULTs, identiﬁed in the Golgi apparatus, is involved in the sulfonation of proteins, peptides, lipids, and glycosaminoglycans that affect both their structural and functional characteristics (Habuchi, 2000; Negishi et al., 2001; Niehrs et al., 1994). The focus of this review is on the emerging cytosolic forms of SULTs, for which at least 56 cDNAs and 18 gene sequences have been cloned and characterized in organisms ranging from microbes to humans (Nagata and Yamazoe, 2000; Raftogianis, 2003; Rikke and Roy, 1996). To date, ﬁve distinct gene families of SULTs have been identiﬁed in mammals: SULT1, SULT2, SULT3, SULT4, and SULT5 (Raftogianis, 2003). The SULT3 family has only been found in mouse and rabbit and has been shown to primarily sulfonate amino groups (Raftogianis, 2003). SULT5 has only been isolated from mice, and limited informa-tion is available on this family (Nagata and Yamazoe, 2000). In relation to humans, three families have been identiﬁed, consisting of ten distinct members: SULT1 —A1, A2, A3, B1, C1, C2, E1; SULT2 — A1 and B1 (SULT2B1a andSULT2B1b); and SULT4 — A1 (Raftogianis, 2003). In this review, we will concentrate on the SULT1A subfamily of enzymes that have been extensively studied and shown to be capable of metabolizing a broad range of drug, xenobiotic, and endobiotic substrates (Table 10.1). The SULT1A members have mainly been described based on their metabolic preferences as aryl, phenol, and monoamine SULTs. Although the term aryl is frequently used to collectively describe these enzymes (Bernier et al., 1994a; Duanmu et al., 2000; Nagata et al., 1997; Zhu et al., 1993a), it is technically incorrect, as it refers to the group obtained by dropping a hydrogen atom from the nucleus of an aromatic ring (e.g., phenyl). Thus in line with the new nomenclature system enunciated by Raftogianis et al. (2003), we will refer to these as members of the SULT1A subfamily.