gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Germanium-diffused waveguides in silicon for lambda =1.3 mu m and lambda =1.55 mu m with losses below 0.5 dB/cm (1992)

The authors present a simple technique for the fabrication of integrated optical channel waveguides that are prepared by indiffusion of an E-beam evaporated amorphous alloy of germanium and silicon into commercially available silicon with low dopant concentration, using only simple technological processes such as standard lithography, PVD, and diffusion. The waveguides are polarization independent and have waveguide losses as low as 0.3 dB/cm at wavelengths of lambda =1.3 mu m and lambda =1.55 mu m. The spot sizes are well suited for low-loss single-mode fiber device coupling, being on the order of a few microns in both horizontal and vertical directions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current trends and the near future in the information networking service industries (1996)

This article provides a bird's eye view of various topics in multimedia networking services in relation to other electronic media services and print media. One systematic block diagram and five categorization tables are provided to give readers a clear vision of the relations between the various communications media and the people who use them. This article aims to provide an "overall study platform" on the possible new establishment, integration, and restructuring of information service business sectors in a broad sense. This study platform will hopefully act as a stepping stone toward a feasibility study for consensus in establishing and improving the unified legal infrastructure for social information-networking-based activities.
Two fluorinated, fluorosulfonyl-containing hypochlorites and their alkali-metal precursors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo fluorinated, fluorosulfonyl-containing hypochlorites and their alkali-metal precursorsWerner Storzer and Darryl D. DesMarteauCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 25, 4821–4826Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00025a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00025a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunoneutralization of Inhibin Modifies Hormone Secretion and Sperm Production in Bulls1 (1991)

The objective of this study was to examine the role of endogenous inhibin in the regulation of FSH, LH, and testosterone secretion and sperm production in bulls. Bulls were actively immunized against bovine inhibin alpha 1-26 gly-tyr (bINH) conjugated to human alpha globulin (HAG) or HAG alone (controls) and emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Primary immunization was at 14 wk of age, followed by booster immunizations in Freund's incomplete adjuvant at 28, 30, and 34 wk of age. Ten days after each booster immunization, scrotal circumferences and body weights were measured, and blood was sampled for determination of bINH antibody titer. Ten days after the third booster, blood was sampled at 1-h intervals for 8 h to quantify serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone. After this blood sampling period, bulls were castrated and testicular sperm production was determined. Serum diluted 1:4,000 from bINH-immunized bulls bound 36%, 52%, and 53% of radioiodinated bINH after the first, second, and third boosters, respectively. Serum from controls bound less than 1% radioiodinated bINH. After the third booster, serum concentrations of FSH and testosterone were increased (p less than 0.05) and LH concentrations were decreased (p less than 0.001) in bINH-immunized bulls compared with controls. After the third booster, daily sperm production per gram of testicular parenchyma was increased (p less than 0.05) in bINH-immunized bulls compared with controls. Scrotal circumferences and body weights were similar between treatment groups throughout the experiment. We concluded that inhibin has a role in regulation of secretion of gonadotrophins and testosterone and testicular sperm production, but not testicular growth, in bulls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanism of Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Antiporting (2007)

Na + /H + antiporters are central to cellular salt and pH homeostasis. The structure of Escherichia coli NhaA was recently determined, but its mechanisms of transport and pH regulation remain elusive. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of NhaA that, with existing experimental data, enabled us to propose an atomically detailed model of antiporter function. Three conserved aspartates are key to our proposed mechanism: Asp 164 (D164) is the Na + -binding site, D163 controls the alternating accessibility of this binding site to the cytoplasm or periplasm, and D133 is crucial for pH regulation. Consistent with experimental stoichiometry, two protons are required to transport a single Na + ion: D163 protonates to reveal the Na + -binding site to the periplasm, and subsequent protonation of D164 releases Na + . Additional mutagenesis experiments further validated the model.
Ion Channel Drug Discovery: Challenges And Future Directions (2012)

Ion channels are targets of many therapeutically useful agents, and worldwide sales of ion channel-targeted drugs are estimated to be approximately US$12 billion. Nevertheless, considering that over 400 genes encoding ion channel subunits have been identified, ion channels remain significantly under-exploited as therapeutic targets. This is at least partly due to limitations in high-throughput assay technologies that support screening and lead optimization. Will the recent developments in automated electrophysiology rectify this situation? What are the other major limitations and can they be overcome? In this article, we review the status of ion channel drug discovery, discuss current challenges and propose alternative approaches that may facilitate the discovery of new drugs in the future.
Using Inertial Sensors in Smartphones for Curriculum Experiments of Inertial Navigation Technology (2015)

Inertial technology has been used in a wide range of applications such as guidance, navigation, and motion tracking. However, there are few undergraduate courses that focus on the inertial technology. Traditional inertial navigation systems (INS) and relevant testing facilities are expensive and complicated in operation, which makes it inconvenient and risky to perform teaching experiments with such systems. To solve this issue, this paper proposes the idea of using smartphones, which are ubiquitous and commonly contain off-the-shelf inertial sensors, as the experimental devices. A series of curriculum experiments are designed, including the Allan variance test, the calibration test, the initial leveling test and the drift feature test. These experiments are well-selected and can be implemented simply with the smartphones and without any other specialized tools. The curriculum syllabus was designed and tentatively carried out on 14 undergraduate students with a science and engineering background. Feedback from the students show that the curriculum can help them gain a comprehensive understanding of the inertial technology such as calibration and modeling of the sensor errors, determination of the device attitude and accumulation of the sensor errors in the navigation algorithm. The use of inertial sensors in smartphones provides the students the first-hand experiences and intuitive feelings about the function of inertial sensors. Moreover, it can motivate students to utilize ubiquitous low-cost sensors in their future research.
A New Lateral Growth Free Formation Technique for Titanium Silicide Using the Si/W/Ti Trilayer Structure (1988)

A Si/W/Ti trilayer structure which consists of a top insulating Si film, a middle lateral growth suppressing W film, and a bottom Ti film is proposed to form the titanium silicide. With the properly chosen thicknesses, the W/Ti films on the oxide layer can be completely converted into the alloy after annealing. Since the alloy has a higher silicidation temperature than the pure Ti film, the titanium silicide cannot be formed on top of the oxide layer and the problem of lateral growth can be solved. The thickness ranges of the W/Ti films for the formation without the lateral growth has been determined experimentally. Within these ranges, the obtainable sheet resistance of is between 0.8 and 2.5 Ω/□. Moreover, the optimal annealing process is a one‐step anneal at 750°C for 30 min, which can be carried out in an flowing open‐tube furnace. The mechanism of formation using the trilayer structure has also been explored and verified by experimental data.
Probability‐based protein secondary structure identification using combined NMR chemical‐shift data (2002)

For a long time, NMR chemical shifts have been used to identify protein secondary structures. Currently, this is accomplished through comparing the observed (1)H(alpha), (13)C(alpha), (13)C(beta), or (13)C' chemical shifts with the random coil values. Here, we present a new protocol, which is based on the joint probability of each of the three secondary structural types (beta-strand, alpha-helix, and random coil) derived from chemical-shift data, to identify the secondary structure. In combination with empirical smooth filters/functions, this protocol shows significant improvements in the accuracy and the confidence of identification. Updated chemical-shift statistics are reported, on the basis of which the reliability of using chemical shift to identify protein secondary structure is evaluated for each nucleus. The reliability varies greatly among the 20 amino acids, but, on average, is in the order of: (13)C(alpha)>(13)C'>(1)H(alpha)>(13)C(beta)>(15)N>(1)H(N) to distinguish an alpha-helix from a random coil; and (1)H(alpha)>(13)C(beta) >(1)H(N) approximately (13)C(alpha) approximately (13)C' approximately (15)N for a beta-strand from a random coil. Amide (15)N and (1)H(N) chemical shifts, which are generally excluded from the application, in fact, were found to be helpful in distinguishing a beta-strand from a random coil. In addition, the chemical-shift statistical data are compared with those reported previously, and the results are discussed. A JAVA User Interface program has been developed to make the entire procedure fully automated and is available via http://ccsr3150-p3.stanford.edu.
Synthesis of Octahydroindole Derivatives (1970)

Some mesembrine type (3a-aryl-cis-octahydroindol-6-one) compounds (VIII-X) were synthesized from benzyl nitriles (I) by the six-step sequence of the reactions involving an acid-catalyzed cyclization of 3a-aryl-[2-(2-methyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl) ethyl]-1-pyrroline (VI). Pictet-Spengler reaction of XVIII and XIX, which were derived from N-benzyl derivative (Xb), gave dihydrocrinine models (XX and XXI) in good yields. The stereochemistry of two epimeric 3a-phenyl-cis-octahydroindol-6-ols (XIVa and XVIa) was determined on the basis of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data.
Impact of Hydrogenation of ZnO TFTs by Plasma-Deposited Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectric (2008)

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride gate insulator with high refractive index of 2.39 was employed as the source of hydrogen to hydrogenate zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with bottom-gate configuration. The hydrogenated TFTs exhibited a field-effect mobility of 7.8 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots, an on/off current ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , and a subthreshold slope of 1.2 V/dec. In comparison, TFTs using silicon nitrides with lower refractive indices of 2.26, 1.92, and 1.80 showed relatively poor performance. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy study showed that the amount of hydrogen present in the ZnO TFT structures using high refractive index silicon nitride gate dielectric is higher than that in the TFT samples using low-refractive index silicon nitride, which indicate the evidence of hydrogenation of ZnO TFTs by high refractive index silicon nitride gate dielectric. The enhanced performance of the hydrogenated TFTs is attributed to the passivation of ZnO/dielectric interface states and doping of the channel by hydrogenation effect.
Compositional Analysis of Solid Waste and Refuse Derived Fuels by Thermogravimetry (1988)

The disposal of solid waste has become an increasingly difficult and costly problem. Environmental regulations have restricted incineration and ocean dumping, and costs for landfilling have escalated. The calorific value of municipal solid waste (MSW) is about 12.5 MJ/kg on a dry basis (9.8 MJ/kg as received). Therefore, conversion of MSW to marketable fuels has become a noble goal from both an ecological and an environmental standpoint. Typically MSW consists of approximately 60% combustible organics such as paper, newsprint, packing material, wood wastes, yard clippings, food wastes, plastics, and textiles. The remainder is comprised of moisture, glass, metals, and other inorganic wastes. The composition of MSW varies from place to place and on a daily basis. Therefore, there is a need for a method to rapidly characterize these wastes. This communication shows that thermogravimetry (TG) can be used to obtain information on the moisture, cellulosics, plastics, fixed carbon, and ash content of solid wastes and refuse derived fuels (RDF). This procedure is of importance since no ASTM procedures are available to determine the compositions of cellulosic, plastic, and biomass materials. The weakness of the classical ASTM method for proximate analysis of coals and its usage in the biomass area are highlighted. When compared to the classical ASTM method, TG provides additional information on the kinetics and reactivity of materials. Methods for utilizing TG data to obtain information on the composition and reactivity of solid materials are discussed. Broido and Coats-Redfern type equations provide unique Arrhenius parameters.
Congra: Towards Efficient Processing of Concurrent Graph Queries on Shared-Memory Machines (2017)

Parallel graph processing has been routinely used to solve problems in a wide range of real life applications today. Efficiently handling many concurrent graph processing queries in a multi-user environment is highly desirable as we enter a world full of edge device oriented services. Existing research, however, primarily focuses on processing a single, large graph dataset and leaves the efficient handling of multiple mid-sized graph queries an interesting yet challenging open problem. In this work, we investigate the management of multiple graph processing queries on shared-memory machines. We carefully analyze the performance of several graph algorithms and find some of them do not scale well with more CPU cores (more threads) while others have diminishing returns as the number of CPU cores grow. Further, we identify the trade-off relationship between the increasing cost of atomic operations and the growing available memory bandwidth with more CPU cores. Motivated by the above observations, we propose Congra, a dynamic graph scheduler that intelligently manages multiple concurrent graph queries for better system throughput and resource efficiency. Congra collects the memory bandwidth consumption and atomic operations characteristics of graph queries via offline profiling and decides which subset of CPU cores for the query to run, as long as the query is not blocked due to heavy resources contention. We implement Congra in C++ on top of the Ligra graph processing framework and test it with judiciously selected graph processing query combinations. Our results show the Congra improves query throughput by 60% compared to existing designs. It exhibits much better quality of service and readily supports a scale-out computing environment.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification and characterization of goat RAB27A gene in different populations (2013)

The 11483 bp of goat RAB27A gene from intron 1 to exon 6 with complete CDS (666 bp) encoding 221 amino acids was obtained (EU400605.2), in which 33 SNPs were found, of which 2 in exons (g.183C>T and g.9669C＞A), 5 in UTR (g.147G>A in 5’UTR, g.9967T>C, g.10101G>A, g.10459G>C and g.10483C>A in 3’UTR), and 26 in introns. Three SSRs (ga, tg and agc with five repeat numbers) were found in introns 2, 4 and 5. The variation of g.147G>A and g.9669C＞A in eight populations with different coat color showed that all the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except Leizhou black goat (LZB) and Nanjiang brown goat black strain (NJB). The G and GG genotype at g.147G>A were predominant in all populations, but genotype AA only appeared in LZB, NJB and Nanjiang Brown Goat fast grow strain (NJF). The closer relationship between NJB and NJF reflected their breeding history. No evidence of relationship was found between g.147G>A and goat coat color. The NJF has the highest observed heterozygosity (0.3191) and expected heterozygosity (0.3225), which was consistent with its breeding history that from several breeds crossbreeding. The g.9669C＞A was only detected in three individuals of Liaoning Cashmere goat (LNC), inferring that it was a rare mutation.
Angiopeptin: experimental and clinical studies of inhibition of myointimal proliferation. (1995)

Angiopeptin is a long-acting cyclic octapeptide with pharmacologic actions clearly resembling those of the natural hormone somatostatin, but with different binding affinities for the five known somatostatin receptors. It is a potent inhibitor of myointimal migration and proliferation in animal models of angioplasty and organ transplantation. Experimentally, angiopeptin inhibits transplant arteriosclerosis in cardiac, renal and vascular allografts. The mechanisms are thought to involve abrogation of the increase of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and other growth factors that occur in the vascular wall following immune or mechanical injury. Angiopeptin also restores the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response to acetylcholine. Clinically, angiopeptin is safe in cardiac transplant patients and shows promise in inhibiting coronary transplant arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, in large clinical trials, angiopeptin (given as a continuous infusion for 5 days) inhibits serious clinical events, such as myocardial infarction, death and revascularization at 6 and 12 months following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. It has few serious side effects.
Transcriptional regulation of VCAM‐1 expression by tumor necrosis factor‐α in human tracheal smooth muscle cells: Involvement of MAPKs, NF‐κB, p300, and histone acetylation (2005)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to induce the expression of adhesion molecules in airway resident cells and contribute to inflammatory responses. Here, the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-kappaB in TNF-alpha-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were investigated in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs). TNF-alpha-enhanced expression of VCAM-1 protein and mRNA as well as phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK, p38, and JNK were significantly attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126), p38 (SB202190), and JNK (SP600125). Transfection with dominant negative mutants of MEK1/2, ERK1, ERK2, p38, and JNK attenuated TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression. Furthermore, TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression was significantly blocked by a selective NF-kappaB inhibitor helenalin. TNF-alpha-stimulated translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus and degradation of IkappaB-alpha was blocked by helenalin, but not by U0126, SB202190, or SP600125. VCAM-1 promoter activity was enhanced by TNF-alpha in HTSMCs transfected with VCAM-1-Luc, which was inhibited by helenalin, U0126, SB202190, and SP600125. Most surprisingly, VCAM-1 expression was also significantly blocked by a selective inhibitor of p300, curcumin. NF-kappaB transcription factor and p300 were associated with the VCAM-1 promoter, which was dynamically linked to histone H3 acetylation stimulated by TNF-alpha, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, the resultant enhancement of VCAM-1 expression increased the adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) to monolayer of HTSMCs, which was blocked by helenalin, U0126, SB202190, or SP600125. These results suggest that in HTSMCs, activation of MAPK pathways, NF-kappaB, and p300 is essential for TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression.
Sustained hypoglycemia in response to intravenous infusion of D-ribose in normal dogs. (1978)

The intravenous infusion of D-ribose to normal, nonanesthetized and anesthetized dogs at a rate of 3mg/kg·min produced a sustained hypoglycemia. The mean blood glucose concentration decreased to a level about 30mg/dl below the fasting level in 45 min after starting D-ribose infusion and remained at the same level until the infusion was discontinued. After stopping the infusion the blood glucose concentration returned to the preinfusion level in about one hour.The plasma IRI (immunoreactive insulin) concentration in pancreatic effluent blood in anesthetized dogs increased rapidly, peaked within 5-10 min and then declined gradually, but remained above the basal level during the sustained hypoglycemia.The plasma IRI concentration in pancreatic effluent blood declined further below the basal level after stopping the infusion. In mixed blood an essentially similar pattern in time course of the plasma IRI concentration was observed in both nonanesthetized and anesthetized dogs.No change in the plasma IRG (immunoreactive glucagon) concentration in pancreatic effluent blood and the plasma CGH (canine growth hormone) concentration in mixed venous blood was observed during or after the infusion of D-ribose.The invariable occurrence of hyperinsulinemia during the period of progressive fall of blood glucose and sustained hypoglycemia suggests that insulin release is essential for D-ribose-induced hypoglycemia. Glucagon and growth hormone do not seem to play a role in producing a sustained hypoglycemia to prevent further progress of hypoglycemia by increasing their concentration in the blood. The pattern of insulin release during D-ribose infusion suggests the occurrence of the suppression of D-ribose-stimulated insulin release by the fall of blood glucose below the fasting level, which produces a sustained hypoglycemia at a certain level.