gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dominant Negative Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Inhibits Metastasis of Human Cancer Cells (2004)

We have previously shown that LCC6 wild-type (WT) cells, a metastatic variant of MDA-MB-435 cancer cells originally derived from a breast cancer patient, exhibit enhanced motility in response to IGF-I compared with the parent MDA-MB-435 cells. To further understand the role of the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF1R) in cancer metastasis we inhibited signaling via IGF1R using a C-terminal-truncated IGF1R. The truncated receptor retains the ligand binding domain but lacks the autophosphorylated tyrosine residues in the carboxyl terminus. Cells stably transfected with this truncated receptor (LCC6-DN cells) overexpressed the truncated IGF1R messenger RNA nearly 50-fold over endogenous receptor. The truncated receptor in the LCC6-DN cells behaved in a dominant negative manner to inhibit endogenous IGF1R activation by IGF-I. Compared with the LCC6-WT cells, LCC6-DN cells failed to phosphorylate the adaptor proteins insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 in response to IGF-I and did not activate Akt after exposure to IGF-I. Unlike LCC6-WT cells, LCC6-DN cells did not show enhanced motility in response to IGF-I. To assay for metastasis, LCC6-WT and LCC6-DN cells were injected into the mammary fat pads of mice, and the primary xenograft tumors were removed after 21 days. Mice sacrificed 5 weeks later showed multiple lung metastases derived from LCC-WT xenografts, whereas mice harboring LCC6-DN xenografts showed no lung metastases. Our data show that IGF1R can regulate several aspects of the malignant phenotype. In these cells, metastasis but not proliferation requires IGF1R function.
Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory October to December, 1946 (1947)

( Latitude 38° 44′.0 N., longitude 76° 50′.5 or 5 h 07 m . 4 W. of Gr .) October 26–28 —A mild magnetic storm began between 21 h and 22 h GMT, October 26, and continued until about 01 h , October 28. All three elements were disturbed, the greater disturbance occurring within the first twelve hours and consisting of irregular oscillations of moderate amplitude. For the remainder of the storm some short‐period motion and minor irregular oscillations appeared. Five K ‐indices of 5 and four of 4 were recorded.
In situ Raman spectroscopic study of transient polyhedral distortions during cesium ion exchange into sitinakite (2013)

The Na-form of the synthetic counterpart of the mineral sitinakite (sitinakite-Na) was studied in situ for the ion exchange systems of Na→Cs and Na→H→Cs using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectral mode analysis was performed based on a comparative study of previous titanium silicate Raman spectroscopy, as well as time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies. The Raman spectrum of sitinakite can be broken down to three main groups of bending and stretching modes, respectively: Ti-O-Ti, Si-O-Ti, and O-Ti-O bends between 200 and 400 cm-1; and Ti-O stretch between 400 and 625 cm-1. During Na-form to H-form ion exchange, rapid red shifts were observed in absolute peak positions, as well as relative changes between peak positions, indicating a symmetry change. TiO6 polyhedral groups distort as hydroxyl groups form on the TiO6 octahedra. Upon Cs exchange into the H-form, a rapid, two-step blue shift was observed for all peak positions, which indicated that the eight membered-ring becomes more circular. Upon Cs exchange into the Na-form, slow changes of peaks in the Raman spectrum indicated up to four discrete polyhedral distortions during ion exchange. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy in this study was the observation of transient polyhedral distortions for the initial swelling of sitinakite while immersed in deionized H2O and during H and Cs ion exchange in the crystal structure. Previous X-ray diffraction studies were not of sufficient resolution to model H2O swelling effects and framework polyhedral distortions during ion exchange, thus Raman spectroscopy offers a complementary tool to measure changes in framework geometry in situ during ion exchange. The results presented here are directly relevant to other ion exchange research on titanium silicates, zirconium silicates, aluminum silicates, and aluminum phosphates. Additionally this work shows the usefulness of in operando experiments, conducted in deliberately variable environments, which can monitor the molecular dynamics of a system, collect information concerning structureresponse mechanisms, and capture the catalytic parameters for the reaction/process
Small Molecule Complementarity As A Source of Novel Pharmaceutical Agents and Combination Therapies (2008)

Many examples of specific binding between small molecules are known that are associated with modified physiological and pharmacological activities. Conversely, the antagonism or synergism of small molecules is often correlated with specific binding between the molecules. It follows that small molecule binding can be used as a relatively quick, easy, and specific screen for functionally useful drug actions and interactions. These actions and interactions may manifest themselves as functional antagonisms; binding may correlate with enhancement or synergism; the formation of some complexes may yield clues about how drugs may be targeted to specific cell types in vivo and provide leads for the development of antidotes for drug overdoses or poisoning; the binding of one molecule to another may mimic receptor binding; and complexation may provide novel ways of protecting and delivering drugs. Relevant examples from each type of application are reviewed involving peptide-peptide interactions; peptide-aromatic compound interactions; aromatic-aromatic compound interactions; vitamin-aromatic compound interactions; and polycyclic compound interactions. We argue that screening for molecular complementarity of small molecules turns ligands such as neurotransmitters and their metabolites, hormones, and drugs themselves, into direct targets of drug development that can augment screening new compounds for activity against receptors and second messenger systems. We believe that the small molecule complementarity approach is novel, fruitful and under-utilized.
Bisphenol A Induces Gene Expression Changes and Proliferative Effects through GPER in Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (2012)

Results indicate that GPER is involved in the biological action elicited by BPA in breast cancer cells and CAFs. Hence, GPER-mediated signaling should be included among the transduction mechanisms through which BPA may stimulate cancer progression.
The clinical effectiveness of nurse practitioners' management of minor injuries in an adult emergency department (2009)

Background The increasing cost of healthcare in Australia demands changes in the way healthcare is delivered. Nurse practitioners have been introduced into specialty areas including emergency departments. Specific interventions are known to include the treatment and management of minor injuries, but little has been reported on their work. Objectives Examine the best available evidence to determine the clinical effectiveness of emergency department nurse practitioners in the assessment, treatment and management of minor injuries in adults. Inclusion criteria For inclusion studies had to include adult patients treated for minor injuries by nurse practitioners in emergency departments. All study designs were included. Search strategy English language articles from 1986 onwards were sought using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Science Citation Index. Methodological quality Two independent reviewers critically appraised the quality of the studies and extracted data using standardised tools. Data collection Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each study for inclusion into the review and the study design used. Where any disagreement occurred, consensus was reached by discussion with an independent researcher. Data synthesis Studies were assessed for homogeneity by considering populations, interventions and outcomes. Where heterogeneity was present, synthesis was undertaken in a narrative format; otherwise a meta-analysis was conducted. For each outcome measure, results were tabulated by intervention type and discussed in a narrative summary. Results from randomised controlled trials were pooled in meta-analyses where appropriate. Results Nine studies from a total of 55 participants met the inclusion criteria. Two were randomised controlled trials. Metasynthesis of research findings generated five synthesised findings derived from 16 study findings aggregated into seven categories. Evidence comparing the clinical effectiveness of nurse practitioners to mainstream management of minor injuries was fair to poor methodological quality. When comparable data were pooled, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between nurse practitioners and junior doctors. Conclusions The results emphasise the need for more high-quality research using appropriate outcome measures in the area of clinical effectiveness of nurse practitioners, particularly interventions that improve outcomes for presentations to emergency departments and address issues of waiting and congestion.
Amino Acid Analogs. I. Analogs of the Glutamic Acid-Proline Interconversion. III. Substituted 2-Acetamido-4-benzoylbutyric Acids and 5-Phenylprolines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Acid Analogs. I. Analogs of the Glutamic Acid-Proline Interconversion. III. Substituted 2-Acetamido-4-benzoylbutyric Acids and 5-PhenylprolinesHerman Gershon, Alfred Scala, and Raulo ParmegianiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 877–881Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-Term Viability of Isolated Bovine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells following Intrastriatal Transplantation (1995)

Adrenal medullary grafts generally exhibit poor viability when grafted into the striatum. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that chromaffin cells can survive well for up to 2 mo following grafting into the intact rat striatum after cells are isolated from the nonchromaffin supporting cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) of the adrenal medulla. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term viability of isolated bovine chromaffin cells following grafting into the intact rat striatum. The viability of grafted bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells was compared in rats receiving either (a) perfused adrenal medulla; (b) isolated chromaffin cells; or (c) isolated chromaffin cells that were subsequently recombined with their nonchromaffin supporting cells. One year postimplantation, all graft types which included fibroblasts and endothelial cells were infiltrated with macrophages and demonstrated an abundance of cellular debris. No viable chromaffin cells were observed. In contrast, healthy tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (DβH) immunoreactive chromaffin cells survived for 1 yr posttransplantation when grafted in isolation from the nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla. Good xenograft survival was achieved in this group despite the fact that these rats were only immunosuppressed for 1 mo postimplantation. Grafted cells demonstrated morphological characteristics of chromaffin cells in situ and these implants were not accompanied by macrophage infiltration. These data demonstrate that long-term survival of chromaffin cells can be achieved following intrastriatal implantation and the viability of grafted chromaffin cells is dependent upon the removal of the nonchromaffin supporting cells.
A Comparison of Techniques for Coupling Porous Flow and Geomechanics (2006)

Summary This paper compares three techniques for coupling multiphase porous flow and geomechanics. Sample simulations are presented to highlight the similarities and differences in the techniques. One technique uses an explicit algorithm to couple porous flow and displacements in which flow calculations are performed every timestep and displacements are calculated only during selected timesteps. A second technique uses an iteratively coupled algorithm in which flow calculations and displacement calculations are performed sequentially for the nonlinear iterations during each timestep. The third technique uses a fully coupled approach in which the program&apos;s linear solver must solve simultaneously for fluid flow variables and displacement variables. The techniques for coupling porous flow with displacements are described and comparison problems are presented for single-phase and three-phase flow problems involving poroelastic deformations. All problems in this paper are described in detail, so the results presented here may be used for comparison with other geomechanical/porous-flow simulators.
Instantaneous measurement Fizeau interferometer with high spatial resolution (2011)

Modern precision optical manufacturing places high demands on instrument design, both for flexible response to challenging environments and high lateral resolution for measuring both surface form and mid spatial frequency waviness. Here we report on a Fizeau-type interferometer optimized for light-efficient, single-frame carrier fringe acquisition for instantaneous metrology at high lateral resolution. Fully coherent optics and a 1200 x 1200 pixel camera provide high slope acceptance and an instrument transfer function (ITF) above 50% at 250 cycles/aperture for all zoom settings, as demonstrated for an etched phase step and custom periodic artifact. The instrument further provides an ITF of 500 cycles/aperture using optional temporal phase shifting interferometry on the same platform.
A feature-based robust digital image watermarking scheme (2003)

A robust digital image watermarking scheme that combines image feature extraction and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and signal processing attacks. We adopt a feature extraction method called Mexican hat wavelet scale interaction. The extracted feature points can survive a variety of attacks and be used as reference points for both watermark embedding and detection. The normalized image of an image (object) is nearly invariant with respect to rotations. As a result, the watermark detection task can be much simplified when it is applied to the normalized image. However, because image normalization is sensitive to image local variation, we apply image normalization to nonoverlapped image disks separately. The disks are centered at the extracted feature points. Several copies of a 16-bit watermark sequence are embedded in the original image to improve the robustness of watermarks. Simulation results show that our scheme can survive low-quality JPEG compression, color reduction, sharpening, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, row or column removal, shearing, rotation, local warping, cropping, and linear geometric transformations.
A novel platform for cancer therapy using extracellular vesicles (2015)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles and are involved in cell-to-cell communication. EVs contain several types of functional molecules, such as proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Over the past several years, EVs have emerged as potential tools for a drug delivery system (DDS) that can target organs or cells. EVs have a function of organ tropism and are naturally occurring from cells. Therefore, EVs have expected as naturally DDSs, which have the organ tropism and a low side effect. Actually, some reports showed that EVs delivered drugs to specific organ. However, despite observed the organ tropism, the mechanisms of organ tropism of EVs are still unclear. Moreover, preservation and efficient collection of EVs are desired to be investigated. Here, we provide an overview of the methods for using EVs as DDSs.
Thermal Stability, Decomposition Paths, and Ph/Ph Exchange Reactions of [(Ph<sub>3</sub>P)<sub>2</sub>Pd(Ph)X] (X = I, Br, Cl, F, and HF<sub>2</sub>) (2000)

Complexes of the type [(Ph3P)2Pd(Ph)X], where X = I (1), Br (2), Cl (3), F (4), and HF2 (5), possess different thermal stability and reactivity toward the Pd−Ph/P−Ph exchange reactions. While 1 decomposed (16 h) in toluene at 110 °C to [Ph4P]I, Pd metal, and Ph3P, complexes 2 and 3 exhibited no sign of decomposition under these conditions. Kinetic studies of the aryl−aryl exchange reactions of [(Ph3P)2Pd(C6D5)X] in benzene-d6 demonstrated that the rate of exchange decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3, the observed rate constant ratio, kI:kBr:kCl, in benzene at 75 °C being ca. 100:4:1 for 1-d5, 2-d5, and 3-d5. The exchange was facilitated by a decrease in the concentration of the complex, polar media, and a Lewis acid, e.g., Et2O·BF3. Unlike [Bu4N]PF6, which speeded up the exchange reaction of 2-d5, [Bu4N]Br inhibited it due to the formation of anionic four-coordinate [(Ph3P)Pd(C6D5)Br2]-. The latter and its iodo analogue were generated in dichloromethane and benzene upon addition of [Bu4N]X or PPN Cl to [(Ph3P)2Pd2(Ph)2(μ-X)2] (X = I, Br, or Cl) and characterized in solution by 1H and 31P NMR spectral data. The mechanism of the aryl−aryl exchange reactions of [(Ph3P)2Pd(C6D5)X] in noncoordinating solvents of low polarity may not require Pd−X ionization but rather involves phosphine dissociation, the ease of which decreases in the order X = I > Br > Cl, as suggested by crystallographic data. Two mechanisms govern the thermal reactions of [(Ph3P)2Pd(Ph)F], 4. One of them is similar to the aryl−aryl exchange and decomposition path for 1−3, involving a tight ion pair intermediate, [Ph4P][(Ph3P)PdF], within which two processes were shown to occur. At 75 °C, the C−P oxidative addition restores the original neutral complex (4). At 90 °C, reversible fluoride transfer from Pd to the phosphonium cation resulted in the formation of covalent [Ph4PF] and [(Ph3P)Pd], which was trapped by PhI to produce [(Ph3P)2Pd2(Ph)2(μ-I)2]. The other decomposition path of 4 leads to the formation of [(Ph3P)3Pd], Pd, Ph2, Ph3PF2, and Ph2P−PPh2 as main products. Unlike the aryl−aryl exchange, this decomposition reaction is not inhibited by free phosphine. The formation of biphenyl was shown to occur due to PdPh/PPh coupling on the metal center. Mechanisms accounting for the formation of these products are proposed and discussed. The facile (4 h at 75 °C) thermal decomposition of [(Ph3P)2Pd(Ph)(FHF)] (5) in benzene resulted in the clean formation of PhH, Ph3PF2, Pd metal, and [(Ph3P)3Pd].
CXCR4 as a Functional Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Primary Macrophages (1998)

The coreceptors used by primary syncytium-inducing (SI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates for infection of primary macrophages were investigated. SI strains using only CXCR4 replicated equally well in macrophages with or without CCR5 and were inhibited by several different ligands for CXCR4 including SDF-1 and bicyclam derivative AMD3100. SI strains that used a broad range of coreceptors including CCR3, CCR5, CCR8, CXCR4, and BONZO infected CCR5-deficient macrophages about 10-fold less efficiently than CCR5(+) macrophages. Moreover, AMD3100 blocked infection of CCR5-negative macrophages by these strains. Our results therefore demonstrate that CXCR4, as well as CCR5, is used for infection of primary macrophages but provide no evidence for the use of alternative coreceptors.
Isolation, characterization and mutagenesis of exopolysaccharide synthesizing new strains of lactic acid bacteria (2010)

Bacterial exopolysaccharides have wide applications in various industries. In this perspective, it is essential to explore the natural biodiversity for novel strains of exopolysaccharide synthesizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Two novel isolates of lactic acid bacteria with higher enzyme activity were screened and characterized based on a battery of microscopic, staining, metabolic, physiological and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The two isolates of LAB named SPO and SPA were cocci shaped, Gram Positive, catalase negative, heterofermentative, vancomycin resistant, broad spectrum carbohydrate fermentating with exopolysaccharide synthesizing activity. EPS synthesizing activity was confirmed by activity staining of EPS using sucrose as substrate. This confirmed that the EPS produced was dextran and the enzyme responsible for its synthesis is dextransucrase. The enzyme activity of SPO was 3.8 U/ml and that of SPA was 3.4 U/ml. For strain improvement, the isolates were subjected to UV radiation. The isolate SPO did not give promising results. However, SPA after UV-mutagenesis, generated two novel mutants, SPAm1 and SPAm2. The enzyme activity of SPAm1 was 4.9 U/ml and that of SPAm2 was 4.7 U/ml. The mutants possessed about 40% enhanced enzyme activity over the wild type strain.
Latexin expression is downregulated in human gastric carcinomas and exhibits tumor suppressor potential (2011)

Latexin expression was reduced in human gastric cancers compared with their normal control tissues. The cellular and molecular evidences demonstrated the inhibitory effect of latexin in human gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity. These results strongly suggest the possible involvement of latexin expression in tumor suppression.
Centrally Active 2-(Substituted phenyl)-γ-aminobutyric Acids (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentrally Active 2-(Substituted phenyl)-γ-aminobutyric AcidsF. Leonard, A. Wajngurt, M. Klein, and H. MeyerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 5, 539–541Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00341a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00341a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts