gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of the host-derived sequences present at the 5′ ends of influenza virus mRNA (1980)

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the terminal virus-coded regions of a clone of the matrix gene of influenza virus indicated that the region corresponding to the 5' end of the mRNA contains an additional 13 non-virus coded nucleotides. Using the dideoxy-chain termination sequencing method with a restriction fragment derived from this clone, we have determined that the 5' ends of matrix gene mRNAs contain a heterogenous sequence of 9-15 nucleotides. In addition, the data indicate that the 3' terminal nucleotide of matrix gene virion RNA is not transcribed into mRNA, transcription of influenza virus-specific sequences commencing with the penultimate nucleotide at the 3' end of viron RNA.
TouchOver (2011)

When compared to conventional desktop mouse input, touch input on handheld devices suffers from the lack of a main feature: that of a mouseover state that can provide users with dynamic pro-active information. In addition, with touch screens, selection precision is limited by undesired extra finger tracking during finger press and lift movements.
The Leakage Thru Straight and Slant Labyrinths and Honeycomb Seals (1975)

Leakage tests have been run over a wide range of pressure ratios and clearances for several types of seals. The results of tests of labyrinth seals show some important differences compared to previous theory. The discharge coefficient of a single seal has been found to jump from 0.62 to 0.78 when a second seal is added downstream. This effect depends on the clearance, pitch, and the pressure ratio across the seal. This phenomena has not been considered in past theories which assumed fixed seal discharge coefficients independent of the seal position and its pressure ratio in the Labyrinth. The test results are presented in a form which is easier to use than those based on the more complicated previous theory.
Schizophrenic Syndromes and Frontal Lobe Performance (1991)

A battery of neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal lobe impairment was administered to 43 chronic schizophrenic patients to delineate the abnormality of mental processing associated with the syndromes of psychomotor poverty and disorganisation, which had been identified in a previous study of the segregation of schizophrenic symptoms. Psychomotor poverty was found to be associated with slowness of mental activity, including slowness of generating words. The disorganisation syndrome was associated with impairment in tests in which the subject is required to inhibit an established but inappropriate response.
Role of Arg-Gingipain A in Virulence of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (1998)

In order to access the role of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Arg-gingipain proteases in the virulence of this organism, a mutant defective in the rgpA gene was constructed in strain 381. This mutant, MT10, displayed only 40% of the Arg-specific cysteine protease activity of the wild-type strain. In addition, MT10, as well as the recently characterized protease mutant G-102, which is defective in the rgpB gene, displayed reduced self-aggregation, hemagglutination, and the ability to bind to immobilized type I collagen compared to levels of the wild-type parent. However, unlike mutant G-102, the rgpA mutant displayed increased binding to epithelial cells relative to that of the parental organism. Mutant MT10 also did not express detectable levels of the FimA protein as assessed by both Western and Northern blotting or fimbriae visible by electron microscopy of the cells. Furthermore, the ability of MT10 to degrade rat tail collagen fibers when it was cultured at 37 degrees C was markedly attenuated compared to that of strain 381. These results suggest that Arg-gingipain A may play a significant role in the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis by altering the colonization and toxic properties of the organism.
Novel pathogens in periodontal microbiology (2017)

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by complex interactions between distinct pathogens in a biofilm resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. It seems evident that unknown microorganisms might be involved in onset or progression of periodontitis. For many decades, research in the field of oral microbiology failed to identify certain subgingival microbiota due to technical limitations but, over a period of 12 years using molecular approaches and sequencing techniques, it became feasible to reveal the existence of new periodontal pathogens. Therefore, it is evident that in addition to conventional periodontal pathogens, other microbes might be involved in onset and progression of periodontitis. The novel pathogens enlisted under periodontal phylogeny include Cryptobacterium curtum, Dialister pneumosintes, Filifactor alocis, Mitsuokella dentalis, Slackia exigua, Selenomonas sputigena, Solobacterium moorei, Treponema lecithinolyticum, and Synergistes. The polymicrobial etiology of periodontitis has been elucidated by comprehensive techniques, and studies throwing light on the possible virulence mechanisms possessed by these novel periodontal pathogens are enlisted.
ChemInform Abstract: New Crossed Aldol Reaction. Reaction of Enamines with Aldehydes Activated by Lewis Acids. (1986)

Abstract The enamines (I) and (IV) react with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of BF 3 v Et 2 O (or other Lewis acids) to give the corresponding crossed aldols (III) and (V) in good yields.
First Noncovalently Bound Calix[4]arene-GdIII-Albumin Complex (2000)

The gadolinium(III) complex of the new water-soluble calix[4]arene tetraamide 1 is the first calix[4]arene that noncovalently binds to human serum albumin (HSA), as confirmed by nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion experiments. Thus, in principle, it should be suitable as a contrast agent for NMR imaging applications.
Heterogeneity in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics among strains of Hafnia alvei (1996)

Hafnia alvei is an emerging human pathogen associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhea. Bangladeshi isolates of H. alvei possess the Escherichia coli attaching and effacing (eaeA) gene and demonstrate an attaching and effacing phenotype. In the present study we examined 11 Canadian H. alvei isolates and strain 19,982 from Bangladesh to determine if the formation of attaching and effacing lesions is a property shared among multiple isolates. Attaching and effacing lesions were detected by induction of tyrosine kinase protein phosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangements in infected tissue culture epithelial cells with immunofluorescence microscopy and by the examination of infected cells with transmission electron microscopy. The presence of the eaeA gene was examined by PCR and colony blot hybridization. Profiles of outer membrane protein extracts, chromosomal macrorestriction fragments, and plasmids were also examined. Accumulation of host phosphotyrosine proteins and rearrangement of the cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin were both observed in HEp-2 cells infected with H. alvei 19,982. In contrast, none of the other 11 clinical H. alvei isolates demonstrated either of these responses, nor did they form attaching and effacing lesions under electron microscopy. Consistent with the absence of the attaching and effacing phenotype, these clinical isolates did not possess the eaeA gene. The outer membrane protein profiles of all the Canadian isolates were identical but differed from that of H. alvei 19,982. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid profile analyses of the clinical H. alvei isolates differed substantially from those of the Bangladeshi strain. These results indicate that there is heterogeneity among H. alvei strains with respect to signal transduction, attaching and effacing adhesion, outer membrane constituents, and genotype. Epidemiological studies on enteropathogenic H. alvei thus need to go beyond simple species designations and require specific identification of the virulent clones.
An ‘in lubro’ study of viscosity index improvers in end contacts (1990)

Abstract Polymeric viscosity index (VI) improver solutions in oils suffer from both temporary and permanent viscosity losses in high shear hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. In some cases in EHD contacts, these losses can be so severe that the additive makes negligible contribution to oil film thickness. This paper describes the use of a combination of optical interferometry and FTIR micro‐reflectance spectroscopy to measure the effectiveness, and to observe directly the behaviour, of conventional VI improver solutions within rolling and sliding EHD contacts. The study shows the extent to which polymers enter EHD contacts and charts the degradation that they suffer therein.
Notice of Retraction: Disinfection Using UVA Light on Glass Surfaces with or without Titanium Dioxide Coating (2011)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
Sympathetic Response to Ventricular Extrasystolic Beats in Hypertension and Heart Failure (2002)

Provoked premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) evoke, in concomitance with an early and late blood pressure fall and overshoot, an early sympathoexcitation and a later period of sympathoinhibition, respectively. The present study was designed to examine whether in healthy subjects this is the case for spontaneous PVCs. Because of their pathophysiological relevance for arrhythmogenesis, it was also designed to determine whether the sympathetic responses are different from those seen in essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. In 14 untreated mild essential hypertensives (EH; age, 53.8+/-2.6 years; mean+/-SEM), 20 untreated congestive heart failure patients (CHF; age, 56.7+/-2.5 years; New York Heart Association class, II or III), and 16 age-matched healthy subjects (control) in Lown class <II, we evaluated the blood pressure (Finapres), heart rate (ECG), and muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (MSNA; by microneurography) responses to isolated monofocal PVCs. MSNA, quantified as bursts/100 heart beats, was significantly increased in EH (57.8+/-3.8, P<0.05) and CHF patients (77.7+/-4.0, P<0.01) compared with controls (44.6+/-4.4). In controls, the PVC-induced blood pressure fall and overshoot were accompanied by a sympathoexcitation (144.2+/-14%), followed by a period of sympathoinhibition (average duration, 12043+/-985 ms). The responses were similar in EH but not in CHF, in whom the magnitude of the sympathoexcitation and particularly the duration of the subsequent sympathoinhibition were strikingly reduced (average reduction, -46.1 and -72.8%, respectively). The most important factor accounting for this reduction appeared to be an altered baroreflex response to the PVC-induced BP changes. These data demonstrate that the MSNA responses to spontaneous PVCs are similar in controls and EH but markedly impaired in CHF, presumably because of the baroreflex alteration. This may represent an important factor for the genesis of the life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias that characterize CHF.
Site-directed mutagenesis in the DNA linking site of bacteriophage o29 terminal protein: isolation and characterization of a Ser232->Thr mutant (1988)

By site-directed mutagenesis we have changed the serine residue 232 of the phi 29 terminal protein, involved in the covalent linkage to dAMP for the initiation of replication, into a threonine residue. The mutant terminal protein has been purified to homogeneity and shown to be inactive in the formation of the initiation complex; nevertheless, the mutant protein retains its ability to interact with the phi 29 DNA polymerase and with the DNA. The results obtained indicate a high specificity in the linking site of the terminal protein.
Support Vector Machines for Multiple-Instance Learning (2002)

This paper presents two new formulations of multiple-instance learning as a maximum margin problem. The proposed extensions of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning approach lead to mixed integer quadratic programs that can be solved heuristically. Our generalization of SVMs makes a state-of-the-art classification technique, including non-linear classification via kernels, available to an area that up to now has been largely dominated by special purpose methods. We present experimental results on a pharmaceutical data set and on applications in automated image indexing and document categorization. 1
Burden of spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain in the United States: retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey (2013)

This study was supported by Pfizer, Inc.
Muscle fiber type distribution in multifidus muscle in cases of lumbar disc herniation. (2000)

A study was conducted to analyze the distribution and diameter of muscle fiber types in samples of the medial paravertebral lumbar muscle, i.e., multifidus muscle, obtained from 76 patients who underwent surgery for disc herniation. The samples were compared with 41 control samples of corresponding muscle tissue taken from 41 young healthy subjects who had died a sudden death. Histochemical analysis of fibers associated with myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) revealed the presence of Type I fibers (slow-twitch fibers) and of Type IIA and IIB fibers (fast-twitch fibers) in both the experimental and control samples. The respective percentage of muscle fibers was calculated and their diameters were measured. Type I fibers predominated in both groups and were significantly larger in diameter than Type IIA and IIB fibers. Both fast-twitch fiber types were distributed in almost equal proportions in the healthy women. In the healthy men, Type IIA fibers prevailed. In the healthy females, the percentage of Type I fibers was found to be slightly higher than in the males, but the diameter of all fiber types was respectively smaller. In the females who had undergone surgery, Type I fibers were significantly larger in diameter than those of the healthy subjects. On the other hand, the diameters of all muscle fiber types were significantly larger, and the percentage of both fast-twitch fibers were Idwer in the samples from men who underwent surgery, as compared to the healthy tissue samples. The morphometric changes in the multifidus muscle at the level of the protruded disc observed by the histochemical method for demonstration of myofibrillar ATPase could not be related to the compressed nerve root in the majority of cases in our study.
A 1.2 V 114 mW Dual-Band Direct-Conversion DVB-H Tuner in 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula>m CMOS (2009)

A fully integrated direct-conversion tuner is implemented in 0.13 mum CMOS technology. A broadband noise-canceling balun LNA with the proposed dual cross-coupling technique helps achieve an overall receiver noise figure from 3.7 to 4.3 dB while consuming only 3.6 mW. The proposed current-mode switching scheme improves the achievable SNIR with a gain step of 15 dB, providing IIP3 improvement of 18 dB and NF degradation of only 6 dB. Moreover, design trade-offs are carefully considered in designing the baseband circuit, which provides wide gain tuning and bandwidth accuracy with a DC offset residual less than 6 mV. The measured maximum SNR values are better than 30 dB over wide input power levels, ensuring robust reception in a mobile environment. All circuit blocks are operated at 1.2 V. As a result, the tuner consumes power as low as 114 mW in the continuous mode. This compact tuner supports both UHF and L- bands, and occupies only 7.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area.
Novel Mussel‐Inspired Injectable Self‐Healing Hydrogel with Anti‐Biofouling Property (2015)

A novel mussel-inspired injectable hydrogel with self-healing and anti-biofouling capabilities is developed and it possesses great potential as a drug-delivery carrier. The hydrogel can heal autonomously from repeated structural damage and also effectively prevent non-specific cell attachment and biofilm formation.
Introduction to digital modulation schemes (1998)

The choice of digital modulation scheme will significantly affect the characteristics, performance and resulting physical realisation of a communication system. There is no universal 'best' choice of scheme, but depending on the physical characteristics of the channel, required levels of performance and target hardware trade-offs, some will prove a better fit than others. Consideration must be given to the required data rate, acceptable level of latency, available bandwidth, anticipated link budget and target hardware cost, size and current consumption. The physical characteristics of the channel, be it hardwired without the associated problems of fading, or a mobile communications system to a F1 racing car with fast changing multipath, will typically significantly affect the choice of optimum system. The objective of this paper is to review the key characteristics and salient features of the main digital modulation schemes used, including consideration of the receiver and transmitter requirements. Simulation is used to compare the performance and tradeoffs of three popular systems, MSK, GMSK and BPSK, including analysis of key parameters such as occupied bandwidth and bit error rate (EER) in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Finally the digital modulation schemes used in the current and proposed cellular standards are summarised.
DIXI - a Hybrid Pixel Detector for X-ray Imaging (2004)

Medical X-ray imaging is an important tool in diagnostic radiology. The ionising-radiation dose to the patient is justified by the clinical benefit of the examination. Nonetheless, detectors that operate at even lower doses and provide more information to the radiologist are desired. A hybrid pixel detector has the potential to provide a leap in detector technology as it incorporates a more advanced signal-processing capability than currently used detectors. The DIXI digital detector is a hybrid pixel detector developed for X-ray imaging. It consists of a readout chip and a semiconductor sensor. The division in two parts makes it possible to optimise each part individually. The detector is divided into square pixels with a size of 270 x 270 μm2. DIXI has the ability to count single photons and every readout pixel has two embedded counters to allow the acquisition of two images close in time. A discriminator enables the selection of photons with energies above a preset threshold level. The readout chip Angie has been developed and its performance has been evaluated in terms of noise, threshold variation and capability to perform energy weighted counting. Silicon sensors have been fabricated, and a control system for DIXI has been designed and built. An electroless process for deposition of Ni/Au bumps on the chip and sensor has been optimised as a preparation for the assembly of a complete detector, which is being assembled by flip-chip bonding using anisotropic conductive film. A simulation library for the DIXI detector has been set up and results on the image quality are reported for different exposures and working conditions. A theoretical model for hybrid pixel detectors based on the cascaded linear system theory has been developed. The model can be used to investigate and optimise the detector for different detector configurations and operating conditions.
Text categorization and similarity analysis: implementation and evaluation (2013)

This report covers the implementation of software that aims to identify document versions and se-mantically related documents. This is important due to the increasing amount of digital information. Key criteria were that the software was fast and required limited disk space. Previous research de-termined that the Simhash algorithm was the most appropriate for this application so this method was implemented. The structure of each component was well defined with the inputs and outputs constant and the result was a software system that can have interchangeable parts if required.
A programmable multi-language generator for CoDesign (1998)

This paper presents an innovative technique to efficiently develop hardware and software code generators. The specification model is first converted into its equivalent data structure. Target programs result from a set of transformation rules applied to the data structure. These rules are written in a textual form named Script. Moreover, transformations for a specific code generator are easier to describe because our solution uses a template of the required output as another input. The result is a meta-generator entirely written in Java. The concept and its implementation have been demonstrated by developing a C/WxWorks code generator, a behavioral VHDL generator, a synthesizable VHDL generator.
Global interconnects in VLSI complexity single flux quantum systems (2020)

On-chip signal routing has become an issue of growing importance in modern VLSI complexity single flux quantum (SFQ) systems. In this paper, different routing methods for these systems are described. The routing methods include either passive transmission lines (PTLs) or Josephson transmission lines (JTLs) as interconnects. Driving multiple SFQ gates is also a challenging issue in automated layout and clock tree synthesis (CTS) due to the limited fanout of SFQ gates. To support multiple fanout, splitters are used to distribute multiple SFQ pulses. These splitters require significant area, delay, and power. In this paper, several area and power efficient splitters are proposed for large scale SFQ integrated circuits. A primary issue within a long SFQ interconnect is resonance effects due to the imperfect match between the PTLs and Josephson junctions. A repeater insertion methodology for long interconnect to reduce and manage these resonance effects is also described. Summarizing, guidelines and tradeoffs appropriate for automated layout and synthesis are described for driving long and short interconnect in VLSI complexity SFQ systems.
An energy optimizing scheduler for mobile cloud computing environments (2014)

In mobile cloud computing, mobile devices seek to minimize computation time and/or energy consumption based on task related or user defined constraints. In earlier work [1], we proposed to minimize the total energy consumption across all the mobile devices in a cyber foraging system using a scheduler that runs in a centralized broker node, in situations where a large number of mobile devices could be expected. In this paper, we extend our earlier task scheduling problem for a large number of mobile devices to a mobile cloud computing environment. We optimally solve the task scheduling problem for task assignment to minimize the total energy consumption across the mobile devices subject to user defined constraints. Our task scheduler model at the centralized broker optimally offloads tasks and provides significant reduction in energy consumption compared to the energy consumption when tasks are offloaded from the centralized scheduler without optimization.
[Criticism and knowledge]. (2001)

La palabra critica evoca diversas ideas e imagenes. Algunos la identifican con censura o descalificacion; otros piensan que es propia de los inconformes o de quienes tienen intenciones malevolentes: En este trabajo intentare mostrar que la critica puede y debe constituirse en el eje y la directriz de la experiencia, ya que representa la posibilidad del conocimiento liberador creciente donde nuestros deseos e intereses mas genuinos y dignos puedan encontrar satisfacccion en serena armonia con nuestro entorno. Antes de introducirme al asunto de la critica considero necesario ubicarlo en el contexto del desarrollo del intelecto y para tal proposito me referire brevemente a la obra de J. Piaget acerca de la psicologia evolutiva o genetica.