gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity Expression in <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (2005)

Sequencing of the genome of Ralstonia solanacearum revealed several genes that putatively code for polyphenol oxidases (PPOs). To study the actual expression of these genes, we looked for and detected all kinds of PPO activities, including laccase, cresolase, and catechol oxidase activities, in cellular extracts of this microorganism. The conditions for the PPO assays were optimized for the phenolic substrate, pH, and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration used. It was demonstrated that three different PPOs are expressed. The genes coding for the enzymes were unambiguously correlated with the enzymatic activities detected by generation of null mutations in the genes by using insertional mutagenesis with a suicide plasmid and estimating the changes in the levels of enzymatic activities compared to the levels in the wild-type strain. The protein encoded by the RSp1530 locus is a multicopper protein with laccase activity. Two other genes, RSc0337 and RSc1501, code for nonblue copper proteins exhibiting homology to tyrosinases. The product of RSc0337 has strong tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and it has been shown that this enzyme is involved in melanin synthesis by R. solanacearum. The product of the RSc1501 gene is an enzyme that shows a clear preference for oxidation of o-diphenols. Preliminary characterization of the mutants obtained indicated that PPOs expressed by R. solanacearum may participate in resistance to phenolic compounds since the mutants exhibited higher sensitivity to L-tyrosine than the wild-type strain. These results suggest a possible role in the pathogenic process to avoid plant resistance mechanisms involving the participation of phenolic compounds.
Über Elektrizitätsträger, die durch fallende Flüssigkeiten erzeugt werden (1906)

Auszug aus der Kieler Inaugural-Dissertation.)
Intraoperative Epicardial Echo/Doppler Evaluation of a Stentless, Chordally Supported Quadricusp Mitral Bioprosthesis (1993)

The authors have developed a stentless, chordally supported quadricusp mitral bioprosthesis made from bovine pericardium. A large anterior, two commissural, and one posterior cusp all have straight hinge lines and avoid the excessive flexion stress of stent supported valves. The chor-dal support is concentrated in two flaps for suture to the papillary muscles. Previous in vitro and animal studies demonstrated its superior hemodynamic, biomechanical, and biocompatible behavior over commercial valve bioprosth-eses. In this study, we further evaluated its in vivo performance by intraoperative epicardial Echo/Doppler immediately after the bioprosthesis was implanted in 10 sheep. In all 10 sheep, Echo showed the valves were similar to native mitral valves in both anatomic appearance and movement. Mitral annular motion and annular-papillary muscle integrity were preserved. In systole, the valves closed competently with chordae moving upward and straightening; in diastole, the valves opened wide with chordae moving downward and relaxing. Color and pulsed Doppler showed no signs of stenosis or regurgitation. In conclusion, the new mitral bioprosthesis provide excellent in vivo performance that mimics the native mitral valve. Intraoperative echocar-diography is recommended after mitral valve replacement with such valves.
Differential regulation of protein expression, growth and apoptosis by natural and synthetic retinoids (2003)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can down regulate the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and cdk2 in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. We show here that retinoids can also reduce expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin. Here we have compared the regulation of these proteins in MCF-7 and ZR-75 breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic retinoids selective for the RA receptors (RARs) alpha, beta, and gamma then correlated these with growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis and chemosensitization to Taxol. In both cell lines ATRA and 9-cis RA induced the most profound decreases in cyclin D1 and cdk2 expression and also mediated the largest growth inhibition. The RARalpha agonist, Ro 40-6055 also strongly downregulated these proteins although did not produce an equivalent decrease in S-phase cells. Only ATRA induced RARbeta expression. ATRA, 9-cis RA and 4-HPR initiated the highest level of apoptosis as determined by mitochondrial Bax translocation, while only ATRA and 9-cis RA strongly reduced Bcl-2 and survivin protein expression. Enumeration of dead cells over 96 h correlated well with downregulation of both survivin and Bcl-2. Simultaneous retinoid-mediated reduction of both these proteins also predicted optimal Taxol sensitization. 4-HPR was much weaker than the natural retinoids with respect to Taxol sensitization, consistent with the proposed requirement for reduced Bcl-2 in this synergy. Neither the extent of cell cycle protein regulation nor AP-1 inhibition fully predicted the antiproliferative effect of the synthetic retinoids suggesting that growth inhibition requires regulation of a spectrum of RAR-regulated gene products in addition even to pivotal cell cycle proteins.
Thyroglobulin as an autoantigen: what can we learn about immunopathogenicity from the correlation of antigenic properties with protein structure? (2004)

Autoantibodies against human thyroglobulin are a hallmark of autoimmune thyroid disease in humans, and are often found in normal subjects. Their pathogenic significance is debated. Several B-cell epitope-bearing peptides have been identified in thyroglobulin. They are generally located away from the cysteine-rich regions of tandem sequence repetition. It is possible that our current epitopic map is incomplete because of the difficulty that proteolytic and recombinant approaches have in restituting conformational epitopes based upon proper pairing between numerous cysteinyl residues. Furthermore, the homology of cysteine-rich repeats with a motif occurring in several proteins, endowed with antiprotease activity, suggests that these regions may normally escape processing and presentation to the immune system, and brings attention to the mechanisms, such as oxidative cleavage, by which such cryptic epitopes may be exposed. A number of T-cell epitope-bearing peptides, endowed with thyroiditogenic power in susceptible mice, were also identified. None of them was dominant, as none was able to prime in vivo lymph node cells that would proliferate or transfer autoimmune thyroiditis to syngeneic hosts, upon stimulation with intact thyroglobulin in vitro. More than half of them are located within the acetylcholinesterase-homologous domain of thyroglobulin, and overlap B-cell epitopes associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, while the others are located within cysteine-rich repeats. The immunopathogenic, non-dominant character of these epitopes also favours the view that the development of autoimmune thyroid disease may involve the unmasking of cryptic epitopes, whose exposure may cause the breaking of peripheral tolerance to thyroglobulin. Further research in this direction seems warranted.
Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 7: Formulation and evaluation of ascorbic acid and phenobarbitone tablets. (1975)

Directly compressible powder blends containing either ascorbic acid or phenobarbitone, and utilizing tragacanth, Carbowax 4000, Plasdone, and mannitol as dry binders, were formulated. The flowability of the powder mixes prior to compression was determined. Furthermore, the tablets prepared according to the suggested formulae were tested for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, distribution of active ingredient, disintegration, and dissolution. The effect of aging on the qualities of the tablets was also studied.
A Somatropin Counterfeit Challenging the European Pharmacopoeia Monograph (1999)

Samples of a substance purported to be somatropin were submitted to the European Department for the Quality of Medicines laboratory for investigation by the German Medicines Control Authorities.

Complete characterization of the sample was performed by a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and amino-terminal sequencing. These data demonstrated that the active ingredient was not somatropin but des-Phe1 -human somatropin. The batch of product did not comply with the specifications in the European Pharmacopoeia monograph on Somatropin for Injection (0952), and so could not be released on the European market.

Analytical procedure is a field of rapidly evolving technology. Nevertheless, despite the introduction of highly sophisticated technology used in the develoment of medicinal products, this paper indicates that classical analytical procedures in combination with appropriate specifications are still valuable tools for monitoring the quality control of medicinal products.
A simultaneous radiotelephone and visual range beacon for the airways (1931)

6) Speech amplifier and phone unit 275 (c) Beacon amplifier branches 276 (d) Antenna system 278 IV.The reception problem
Antioxidants Differentially Regulate Activation of Nuclear Factor- <i>κ</i> B, Activator Protein-1, c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinases, and Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor: Evidence that JNK and NF- <i>κ</i> B Activation Are Not Linked to Apoptosis (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to mediate its signaling through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the type of TNF signal regulated by ROS and the nature of the ROS species involved are not fully understood. In this report, we investigated the effect of various superoxide radical quenchers--pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and glutathione (GSH)--an hydroxyl radical quencher (mannitol), and lipid peroxide quenchers--butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)--on TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and apoptosis in human monocytic U937 cells. TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by an hydroxyl radical quencher. In contrast, none of the radical quenchers had any significant effect on TNF-induced AP-1 activation. TNF-induced JNK activation, similar to NF-kappa B, was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by hydroxyl radical quencher. TNF-induced activation of caspase activity was blocked by all three types of quenchers. TNF cytotoxicity, however, was potentiated by superoxide radical quenchers and suppressed by hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide quenchers. Overall, these results suggest that hydroxyl radicals mediate TNF-induced apoptosis but not activation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and JNK; superoxide radicals mediate NF-kappa B and JNK activation but potentiate apoptosis; and lipid peroxides are required for all the signals induced by TNF.
Endotrophin in the tumor stroma: a new therapeutic target for breast cancer? (2013)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Modulation of Human Immune Responses by Bovine Interleukin-10 (2011)

Cytokines can be functionally active across species barriers. Bovine IL-10 has an amino acid sequence identity with human IL-10 of 76.8%. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether bovine IL-10 has immunomodulatory activities on human monocytes and dendritic cells. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy donors, and used directly or allowed to differentiate to dendritic cells under the influence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Recombinant bovine IL-10 inhibited TLR induced activation of monocytes, and dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced activation of monocyte-derived DCs comparable to human IL-10. By using blocking antibodies to either bovine IL-10 or the human IL-10 receptor it was demonstrated that inhibition of monocyte activation by bovine IL-10 was dependent on binding of bovine IL-10 to the human IL-10R. These data demonstrate that bovine IL-10 potently inhibits the activation of human myeloid cells in response to TLR activation. Bovine IL-10 present in dairy products may thus potentially contribute to the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and allergy, enhance mucosal tolerance induction and decrease intestinal inflammation and may therefore be applicable in infant foods and in immunomodulatory diets.
Vapour pressure of some fragrance ingredients in emulsion and microemulsion formulations (1997)

The vapour pressure of two fragrance raw materials, phenethyl alcohol and phenethyl acetate, in a microemulsion system is discussed against their participation in the different phases of the system. The results are used to evaluate the change of the fragrance vapour pressure during water evaporation from a typical emulsion system.
Periodontitis vs. Peri-Implantitis: The Same Disease? The Same Treatment? (1996)

The microbial flora in the natural dentition sulcus/pocket and the implant crevice/pocket is very similar in both health and disease. In health, coccal forms predominate, and in disease, large numbers of Gram-negative pathogens are associated with both tooth and implant. It has also been demonstrated that the bacteria in the partially edentulous implant case may be more pathogenic (especially Gram-negative rods and spirochetes) than in the fully edentulous case, indicating a possible seeding mechanism from tooth pocket to implant crevice. Detoxification procedures involving the use of tetracycline and citric acid prior to regenerative procedures with the use of barrier membranes and grafting materials are necessary, and the same problems attendant to premature exposure of the barrier membrane(s) in the natural dentition situation apply to the implant case. It is apparent that periodontitis = peri-implantitis in etiology and therapy.
Milk haptoglobin, milk amyloid A, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in bovines with naturally occurring clinical mastitis diagnosed with a quantitative PCR test (2013)

The associations between quantitative bacteriological results from a real-time PCR test and concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APP) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity in milk in naturally occurring clinical mastitis were investigated. Milk APP concentrations and NAGase activity in clinical mastitis caused by different udder pathogens were studied. The associations between the severity of the clinical signs and concentrations of APP and NAGase activity were estimated. Milk samples from 281 cases of clinical mastitis were collected from 3 Estonian dairy farms and analyzed by PCR to identify pathogens. Twenty-seven samples out of 281 (9.6%) were PCR negative. Milk samples containing 4 or more bacterial species (n=28) were considered possibly contaminated and excluded from all further analyses. In total, 443 bacterial identifications were made from the remaining 226 milk samples. A single bacterial species was detected in 68 samples (30.1%), 2 species were detected in 99 samples (43.8%), and 3 species were detected in 59 (26.1%) samples. To determine the inflammatory response in the udder, the concentrations of milk amyloid A (MAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) and NAGase activity in the milk were analyzed. A significant positive association was found between the severity of the clinical signs and inflammatory markers in the milk. Milk amyloid A and Hp concentrations and NAGase activity were significantly higher in samples with large quantities of bacterial DNA from Escherichia coli or Streptococcus dysgalactiae compared with milk samples not containing those species. Large quantities of bacterial DNA from Trueperella pyogenes or Streptococcus uberis in the milk were associated with elevated concentrations of Hp and high NAGase activity, but not with increased MAA concentrations. Milk samples containing Corynebacterium bovis and coagulase-negative staphylococci had significantly lower concentrations of MAA and Hp and lower NAGase activity compared with samples where these species were not detected. It can be concluded that concentrations of APP and NAGase activity in the milk were associated with the quantity of bacterial DNA in the milk samples.
Truly random number generation: an example (2013)

Randomness is crucial for a variety of applications, ranging from gambling to computer simulations, and from cryptography to statistics. However, many of the currently used methods for generating randomness do not meet the criteria that are necessary for these applications to work properly and safely. A common problem is that a sequence of numbers may look random but nevertheless not be truly random. In fact, the sequence may pass all standard statistical tests and yet be perfectly predictable. This renders it useless for many applications. For example, in cryptography, the predictability of a randomly" chosen password is obviously undesirable. Here, we review a recently developed approach to generating true | and hence unpredictable | randomness.
Characterization of spinach ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase. (1991)

Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR) is an iron-sulfur protein which, in the presence of ferredoxin and thioredoxin, catalyses the activation of photosynthetic enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase and several others. The results from amino acid composition and N- and C-terminal sequences show that spinach FTR is composed of two nonidentical subunits (mol.wt. = 17,200: A; 15,500:B) present in equal amounts. Other components (mol. wt. = 16,300 and 14,200) observed in preparations are most likely derived from subunit A losing its amino terminal part. We report the amino acid compositions of the two subunits A and B of FTR including their partial terminal sequences. Subunit A has an additional amino-terminal serine-rich sequence which is phosphorylated.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A NAI¨VE POPULATION OF HOUSE FINCHES TO MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM (2002)

Since 1994 an epidemic of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis has spread throughout the eastern house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) population leading to a significant decline in this population. The infection has not yet been reported from house finch populations west of the Great Plains. We hypothesized that the western population, like the eastern population, is susceptible to infection, and we tested this hypothesis by experimentally infecting house finches from Missoula, Montana (USA) with the house finch strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). We compared the response of finches from Montana infected with MG to that of finches from Auburn, Alabama (USA) (October 1999-February 2000). Fifteen house finches from Montana were shipped to Auburn and quarantined for 6 wk at the Auburn University aviary. All birds were negative for MG antibodies when tested by serum plate agglutination assay and MG could not be detected in any bird by polymerase chain reaction. We tested two methods of inoculation, ocular inoculation and contact exposure to an infected finch. Seven house finches from Montana and four house finches from Alabama were infected by bilateral ocular inoculation with 20 microliters of a culture containing 1 x 10(6) color changing units of the house finch strain of MG. The remaining eight house finches from Montana were co-housed with a house finch from Alabama exhibiting mycoplasmal conjunctivitis. After exposure to the pathogen, all house finches became infected, regardless of origin or method of exposure, and all developed conjunctivitis. All birds seroconverted, and evidence of infection could be detected in every bird at some point during the course of disease. Our results suggest that house finches from the western United States are highly susceptible to infection with the house finch strain of MG.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of an Aminohexyl‐Containing Analogue of the Chromanol Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonist CP‐195543: A Scaffold for the Preparation of Derivatized Analogues. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A nondestructive technique for determining the spring constant of atomic force microscope cantilevers (2001)

We present a simple, accurate, and nondestructive method to determine cantilever spring constants by measuring the resonant frequency before and after the addition of a thin gold layer. The method for resonating the cantilevers uses electrostatic force modulation, which has been described for conductive cantilevers, but we demonstrate it can also be applied to silicon nitride cantilevers. The variations in spring constant for cantilevers of the same type across the same wafer are also explored.
Hardware verification (2003)

Hardware verification typically involves demonstrating that an implementation of a system is consistent with respect to its specification, where these descriptions tend to be at different levels of abstraction. Some-what more generally, hardware verification involves comparing two descriptions of a (hardware) design for consistency. This requires (1) the two descriptions; (2) formal models for each (since these may or may not be the same); (3) a formal notion of the relation between them; (4) some way of checking or proving the consistency relation. We note that such a proof need not necessarily directly resemble a traditional logic proof (e.g. it may simply be a mechanical enumeration of all possibilities). It should, however, be something that could always be translated into a logical proof. Thus, for instance, simulation (q.v.) cannot be used for formal verification unless it is feasible to simulate exhaustively all the possibilities of interest.
High Field Ionic Conduction in Tantalum Anodic Oxide Films with Incorporated Phosphate (1970)

The dependence of the ionic current density on the mean field in oxides grown on tantalum in electrolyte was studied using ellipsometry to estimate the thickness. The field in the outer layer which is believed to grow due to metal ion motion is higher because of phosphate incorporation. The field in this layer was estimated by assuming that the field in the inner undoped layer was the same as the mean field at the same current density and temperature in films made in dilute sulfuric acid, which are less affected by electrolyte incorporation. The results indicate that the effect of phosphate on the ionic conductivity may be due to its reducing the permittivity and hence the effective field. It is pointed out that electrolyte incorporation gives two effects which contribute to the nonlinearity of log vs. plots. Thus, since the metal ion transport number increases with so does the proportion of the film which contains phosphate and requires a higher field. Also the concentration of phosphate increases with . The incorporation leads to history effects which are not removed by subsequent formation, since the profile of phosphate records the sequence of current densities used. The time dependence of the field on changing the electrolyte is consistent with the field locally determined by the local film material.
Localization of Virus Antigens by Enzyme-labelled Antibodies (1969)

Summary Three enzymes—horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose oxidase—were used as markers in antibody conjugates employed for the detection in the light microscope of either or both T antigens and structural antigens of three viruses: SV40, adenovirus 12 and rat K virus, in infected cell cultures. The specificity of reaction and localization of the antigens was the same with each enzyme and identical with those revealed by fluorochromeconjugates. By using enzymes with reaction products of different colours, two antigens were revealed simultaneously in a single preparation.