gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel optical fibres for sensing applications (1987)

Optical fibres have some degree of sensitivity to a wide range of external parameters. On the other hand the effects are usually small and are minimised as far as possible in fibres designed for telecommunications. Furthermore it is often difficult to differentiate between a number of small responses that may occur simultaneously. Considerable advantages can be gained by appropriate selection of core and cladding materials and by novel fibre structures and designs.
A method for eliminating articles by homonymous authors from the large number of articles retrieved by author search (2011)

Abstract This paper proposes a methodology which discriminates the articles by the target authors (“true” articles) from those by other homonymous authors (“false” articles). Author name searches for 2,595 “source” authors in six subject fields retrieved about 629,000 articles. In order to extract true articles from the large amount of the retrieved articles, including many false ones, two filtering stages were applied. At the first stage any retrieved article was eliminated as false if either its affiliation addresses had little similarity to those of its source article or there was no citation relationship between the journal of the retrieved article and that of its source article. At the second stage, a sample of retrieved articles was subjected to manual judgment, and utilizing the judgment results, discrimination functions based on logistic regression were defined. These discrimination functions demonstrated both the recall ratio and the precision of about 95% and the accuracy (correct answer ratio) of 90–95%. Existence of common coauthor(s), address similarity, title words similarity, and interjournal citation relationships between the retrieved and source articles were found to be the effective discrimination predictors. Whether or not the source author was from a specific country was also one of the important predictors. Furthermore, it was shown that a retrieved article is almost certainly true if it was cited by, or cocited with, its source article. The method proposed in this study would be effective when dealing with a large number of articles whose subject fields and affiliation addresses vary widely.
C-kit+ cardiac progenitors exhibit mesenchymal markers and preferential cardiovascular commitment (2010)

In line with previous findings, our results indicate that c-kit(+) cardiac progenitors are primitive stem cells endowed with multilineage differentiation ability. They further suggest a possible relationship between these cells and a heart-specific MSC population with cardiovascular commitment potential.
Overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 impairs pre-T-cell receptor–induced proliferation but not differentiation of immature thymocytes (2001)

Cytokines play an essential role during early T-cell development. However, the mechanisms controlling cytokine signaling in developing thymocytes have not been elucidated. Cytokine receptor signaling can be modulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), which acts as a negative regulator of Janus kinases. SOCS-1 is normally expressed throughout thymocyte development; however, retroviral-mediated overexpression of SOCS-1 in fetal liver-derived hematopoietic progenitors prevented their progression beyond the earliest stage of T-cell development. Further analysis revealed that SOCS-1 expression is transiently suppressed following pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Moreover, constitutive expression of SOCS-1 abrogated pre-TCR- mediated expansion of immature thymocytes but did not interfere with differentiation. These findings reveal that SOCS-1 serves to regulate cytokine signaling at critical checkpoints during early T-cell development.
Vapor pressures and heats of sublimation of some high-melting organic explosives (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor pressures and heats of sublimation of some high-melting organic explosivesJerome M. Rosen and Charles DickinsonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1969, 14, 1, 120–124Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60040a044https://doi.org/10.1021/je60040a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wind Energy Explained (2009)

Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Modern wind energy and its origins Modern wind turbines History of wind energy Wind characteristics and resources Introduction General characteristics of the wind resource Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer Wind data analysis and resource estimation Wind turbine energy production estimates using statistical techniques Overview of available resource assessment data Wind measurements and instrumentation Advanced topics Aerodynamics of wind turbines General overview One-dimensional momentum theory and the Betz limit Ideal horizontal axis wind turbing with wake rotation' Airfoils and general concepts of aerodynamics Momentum theory and blade element theory Blade shape for ideal rotor without wake rotation General rotor blade shape performance prediction Blade shape for optimum rotor with wake rotation Generalized rotor design procedure Simplified HAWT rotor performance calculation procedure Effect of drag and blade number on optimum performance Advanced aerodynamic topics Mechanics and dynamics Wind turbine rotor dynamics Detailed and specialized dynamic models Electrical aspects of wind turbines Basic concepts of electric power Power transformers Electrical machines Power converters Ancillary electrical equipment Wind turbine design Design procedure Wind turbine topologies Materials Machine elements Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine control Overview of wind turbine control systems Typical grid-connected turbine operation Supervisory control overview and implementation Dynamic control theory and implementation Wind turbine siting, system design and integration Wind turbine siting Installation and operation issues Wind farms Wind turbines and wind farms in electric grids Offshore wind farms Operation in severe climates Hybrid electrical systems Wind energy system economics Overview of economic assessment of wind energy systems Capital costs of wind energy systems Operation and maintenance costs Value of wind energy Economic analysis methods Wind energy market considerations Wind energy systems: environmental aspects and impacts Avian interaction with wind trubines Visual impact of wind turbines Wind turbine noise Electromagnetic interference effects Land-use environmental impacts Other environmental considerations Nomenclature Problems Index
Practical Test for Estimating Storage Stability of Gasolines (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical Test for Estimating Storage Stability of GasolinesE. L. Walters, D. L. Yabroff, H. B. Minor, and H. E. SippleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 12, 987–991Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60012a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60012a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dupilumab: A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases (2018)

Moderate and severe forms of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are a challenge for clinicians. In these conditions, which severely affect the quality of life of the patient and frequently have associated allergic comorbidities, the therapeutic options are often very limited. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants has adverse effects in the long term, and a significant proportion of patients remain refractory to therapy. In this context, the emerging biological drugs constitute a truly innovative therapeutic approach. A leading example is dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the α chain of the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor. Dupilumab inhibits the biological effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which are key drivers in the TH2 response. The efficacy and safety profile of dupilumab in the treatment of allergic diseases has been tested for more than 10 years in a variety of large clinical trials in atopic dermatitis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. In 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency approved the use of dupilumab for the treatment of adult patients with moderateto-severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled with prescribed topical treatment. The results of phase III clinical studies of dupilumab in patients with persistent, uncontrolled asthma have been highly promising. The safety and tolerability profile of dupilumab has proven to be very favorable in long-term clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of action of dupilumab, its development, and its impact on daily clinical practice in allergic diseases.
Insight into the Effect of Boron Doping on Sulfur/Carbon Cathode in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2014)

To exploit the high energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries, porous carbon materials have been widely used as the host materials of the S cathode. Current studies about carbon hosts are more frequently focused on the design of carbon structures rather than modification of its properties. In this study, we use boron-doped porous carbon materials as the host material of the S cathode to get an insightful investigation of the effect of B dopant on the S/C cathode. Powder electronic conductivity shows that the B-doped carbon materials exhibit higher conductivity than the pure analogous porous carbon. Moreover, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we prove that doping with B leads to a positively polarized surface of carbon substrates and allows chemisorption of S and its polysulfides. Thus, the B-doped carbons can ensure a more stable S/C cathode with satisfactory conductivity, which is demonstrated by the electrochemical performance evaluation. The S/B-doped carbon cathode was found to deliver much higher initial capacity (1300 mA h g(-1) at 0.25 C), improved cyclic stability, and rate capability when compared with the cathode based on pure porous carbon. Electrochemical impedance spectra also indicate the low resistance of the S/B-doped C cathode and the chemisorption of polysulfide anions because of the presence of B. These features of B doping can play the positive role in the electrochemical performance of S cathodes and help to build better Li-S batteries.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of regional brain activity during masticating (2001)

Objective: To observe brain activity during masticating in human.Methods:Mastication was performed for 10 seconds and then followed by 20 seconds of rest without any other physical activity.Neural activity of brain was observed on a series of coronal and horizonal fMRI of 8 adult volunteers.Results: ①Widespread regions of the brain were activated during measticating.②Preferential hemispherical activation were observed.③The activation patterns of primary somesthetic cortex region was more diversified than that of the primary somatomotor cortex.④Neurons in the frontal lobes appeared widely activatied in four young subjects while seldom appeared in the older.Conclusions:Mastication may play an important role in maintaining the brain activities besides its physiological effect.In addition, it also was proved that fMAR is a feasible method in the study of the human in vivo.
Fluorescence Imaging Micro-Spectrophotometer (FIMS) (2015)

A prototype spectrophotometer is described which combines the spatial resolution of an epifluorescence microscope (&lt;1 mm) with the spectral resolution of a conventional fluorimeter (~2 nm). This Fluorescence Imaging MicroSpectrophotometer (FIMS) acquires fluorescence excitation or emission stacks within minutes and then rapidly compresses the data into a pseudocolored image, wherein each color represents a different spectral category. FIMS technology replaces the fixed-wavelength excitation and emission filters of a conventional epifluorescence microscope with fully tunable wavelength selection, thus allowing the fluorescence spectrum of every pixel in a scene to be simultaneously determined. Hyperspectral pseudocoloring software has been written which reduces these image stacks into a single image, while maintaining the radiometric calibration of each pixel’s spectrum and providing overall spectral statistics on each pseudocolored category. Categories are determined by rapid processing of all the pixels within a scene according to a variety of sorting algorithms which group together pixels exhibiting similar spectra. FIMS d ta acquisition and processing are demonstrated on spectral stacks containing data from: (1) six different fluorescent microspheres emitting between 520 and 720 nm, and (2) bacteria expressing various forms of the Green Fluorescent Protein (i.e., wild-type and variants with red-shifted excitation and red-shifted emission) excited between 355 and 505 nm.
Exploring Thallium Compounds as Thermoelectric Materials:  Seventeen New Thallium Chalcogenides (2005)

We have begun investigating thallium-containing compounds as candidate thermoelectric materials. Alkali metal chalcogenide systems have produced compounds with promising thermoelectric properties, and the chemistry of the Tl+ cation is similar to that of the alkali metals. However, Tl is less electropositive and heavier than all alkali metals (except Fr). This may lead to compounds with lower electrical resistivity and lower thermal conductivity, both important for thermoelectric performance. Unlike the alkali metals, Tl+ has a lone pair of electrons which can be stereochemically active and can influence coordination geometries. Here we report the results of our initial study of quaternary Tl chalcogenide systems. We present the synthesis and structure of 17 new compounds. Some are isostructural to known alkali metal compounds, and some are new structure types. We discuss the activity of the Tl lone pairs. In addition, we have measured the thermoelectric properties (electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and thermopower) and band gaps of some of these materials. All of the measured thermal conductivities are extremely low; however, most of the materials are too resistive for thermoelectric applications, at least as currently prepared.
Simultaneous Oxide and Metal Removal from Silicon Surfaces (1999)

The microelectronics industry has long considered the removal of chemical oxide a part of a general process for contamination control. Currently, oxide removal is accomplished in a separate step from other cleaning steps, including metal removal. This paper reports the first attempt to combine metal removal with bulk oxide removal in a single cleaning step. The process combines 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3‐5‐heptanedione with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase to remove bulk oxide and transition metals, including , , , and , from intentionally contaminated surfaces. The maximum measured oxide removal rate was about for dry thermal silicon dioxide. Surface concentrations were reduced by as much as three orders of magnitude within the experimental conditions of this study. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Nano-pharmaceutical Formulations for Targeted Drug Delivery against HER2 in Breast Cancer (2015)

Nanotechnology has revolutionized fundamental opportunities for higher specific drug delivery with minimum side effects. Since its inception, the goal of nanotechnology has been to advance effective and reliable systems for precise anti-cancer therapy and diagnosis. To accomplish this goal, bio-conjugation strategies of therapeutic agents loaded nanoparticles with monoclonal antibodies or their analogues have demonstrated a targeted approach both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we primarily focus on the specific recognition of HER2 receptors of HER2 overexpressed tumor cells, and evaluate anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody as an effective tool for active targeting. Currently, a variety of nanoparticle systems are under both preclinical and clinical trials for targeting to HER2 positive breast cancer. Different nanotechnology scaffolds including liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles that have higher flexibility for macromolecular synthesis and versatile functionalizing properties have been reviewed in this study. Continuing advances in anti-HER2 functionalized nanoparticles have good potential to lead to the development of nano-therapy against HER2 positive breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Na<sub>1+x</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>P<sub>12</sub> Whiskers by Hydrothermal Reduction Alloying Synthesis Method. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optoelectronic Device Physics Based on Conjugated Polymers (1992)

Abstract We have developed means for processing conjugated polymers to allow fabrication of a variety of semiconductor device structures. These polymers include polyacetylene prepared via the Durham precursor route and various poly(arylene vinylenes) prepared via sulphonium precursor polymers. We have shown that these devices exhibit novel electro-optical properties which depend for their operation on the non-linear character of the electronic excitations of the polymer chain. We discuss here the use of poly(phenylene vinylene) and derivatives as the active layers in light-emitting diodes.
The Solid-phase Polymerisation of Monomers with Conjugated Acetylenic Groups (1985)

Published data on the solid-phase topochemical polymerisation of linear and cyclic monomers containing conjugated acetylenic groups are surveyed and the boundary conditions in this process are discussed. The structure of the monomers, is the intramolecular and supermolecular structures of the polymers, and the specific features of their chemical, physicochemical, physicomechanical, and optical properties are examined. The bibliography includes 300 references.
Earthquake Strengthening of Retaining Walls along Ngaio Gorge Road, Wellington (2006)

A Road Risk Management Strategy for Wellington City Council developed by Opus International Consultants involved the identification of the risks to the road network, and prioritisation of key sections of the road network for risk mitigation. This included sections along the Ngaio Gorge Road connecting the city to its northern suburbs, where a programme of risk mitigation is being implemented.
Dark current and white blemish in image sensors (2013)

It has been always biggest issues to reduce dark current and white blemish in image sensor development. For this purpose, various analysis methods and gettering methods have been developed.
Relaxin: structures, functions, promises, and nonevolution (1994)

During the last two decades synthetic chemistry and molecular biology have transformed the little-known parturition-mediating factor relaxin into a chemically defined entity. Relaxin is a disulfide bond analog of insulin that shows no cross-reactivity to the insulin receptors, causes widening of the birth canal in most mammals, and has additional or different functions in various species. The receptor interaction site in relaxin has been located quite precisely in the midregion of the B chain helix and is now known to involve two arginine residues that project from the alpha helix in an n, n + 4 configuration. The A chain of relaxin which appears to be uninvolved in receptor binding, is nonetheless essential. In fact, a major structural determinant in relaxin and insulin responsible for achieving either an insulin-like or a relaxin-like conformation is located in the penultimate position in the intrachain loop of the A chains.
Tumor tissue protein signatures reflect histological grade of breast cancer (2017)

Histological grade is one of the most commonly used prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. However, conventional grading has proven technically challenging, and up to 60% of the tumors are classified as histological grade 2, which represents a heterogeneous cohort less informative for clinical decision making. In an attempt to study and extend the molecular puzzle of histologically graded breast cancer, we have in this pilot project searched for additional protein biomarkers in a new space of the proteome. To this end, we have for the first time performed protein expression profiling of breast cancer tumor tissue, using recombinant antibody microarrays, targeting mainly immunoregulatory proteins. Thus, we have explored the immune system as a disease-specific sensor (clinical immunoproteomics). Uniquely, the results showed that several biologically relevant proteins reflecting histological grade could be delineated. In more detail, the tentative biomarker panels could be used to i) build a candidate model classifying grade 1 vs. grade 3 tumors, ii) demonstrate the molecular heterogeneity among grade 2 tumors, and iii) potentially re-classify several of the grade 2 tumors to more like grade 1 or grade 3 tumors. This could, in the long-term run, lead to improved prognosis, by which the patients could benefit from improved tailored care.