gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eye Movements in Reading (1994)

Part 1 Update on Eye Movement Recording Techniques: Rites of passage of the magnetic stretch coil (D.A. Robinson). Infra-red reflection technique (J. Ober). Image-processing techniques for measurement of eye movement (A.H. Clarke). Video procedures for the measurement and display of three dimensions of eye movements (LS. Curthoys et al.). Part 2 Saccadic Eye Movements: The cortical control of saccadic eye movements (M.E. Goldburg). The express saccade - what does it help? (B. Fischer, H. Weber). Predictive saccadic eye-tracking - response to complex temporal and spatial stimuli (B. Gaymard et al). Part 3 Binocular Eye Movements: Binocular gaze movements - co-ordination of vergence and version (H. Collewijn et al). Saccade-vergence interactions? An evolutionary perspective on unbalanced saccades (J.T. Enright). Part 4 Eye Movements in Normal Reading: Sequences of fixations and saccades in reading (L.W. Stark). Reading eye movements in patients with oculomotor disturbances (K.J. Ciuffreda). Three-dimensional properties of saccadic eye movements while reading (T. Vilis). Eye movements during skilled reading (K. Rayner). Part 5 Eye Movements in Dyslexia: The role of sustained and transient pathways in reading and reading disability (B.G. Breitmeyer). Dyslexic and readers' eye movement patterns in reading, visual search, and tracking (J. Hyona, R.K. Olson). Saccadic eye movements of dyslexics in non-cognitive tasks (M. Biscaldi, B. Fischer). Eye movements in dyslexic and children (G. Stanley). Part 6 Binocular Control in Dyslexia: Binocular control in dyslexics (J.R Stein). Binocular control in normally reading children and dyslexics (G. Lennerstrand et al). Asymmetrical saccades in reading (J. Ygge, C. Jacobson). Part 7 Reading Eye Movement Models: What are normal eye movements during reading - towards a mathematical description (G.W. McConkie et al.). Effects of local processing and oculomotor factors in eye movement guidance in reading (J.K. O'Regan et al.). Stochastic models of reading (P. Suppres).
Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor strengthens cell invasion ability via prokineticin receptor 2 in colon cancer cell lines (2012)

Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) has recently been identified as one of the vascular endothelial growth factors, and it is considered that the overexpression of EG-VEGF in colon cancer is related to hepatic metastasis. In this study, we report our recent novel findings of the involvement of EG-VEGF in cell invasion of colon cancer cells. Colon cancer cell lines (DLD-1 and HCT116) with high expression of prokineticin receptor (PK-R) 1 and 2 were stimulated with the EG-VEGF protein. Furthermore, Matrigel cell invasion assay was performed to examine the changes in cancer cell invasion. In addition, we investigated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -7 and -9 in cancer cells. Finally, the EG-VEGF receptor on the colon cancer cell membrane was blocked by anti-PK-R1 and -PK-R2 antibodies to study whether cell invasion ability would be altered. In colon cancer cell lines where the expression of PK-R1 and 2 was confirmed, stimulation with EG-VEGF increased cell invasion a maximum of ~3-5 times. Furthermore, an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2, -7 and -9 was observed. We also observed that the cell invasion rate decreased only after exposure to the anti-PK-R2 antibody. The study showed that the EG-VEGF protein may act on MMP-2, -7 and -9 via PK-R2 to strengthen cell invasion ability in colon cancer cell lines.
공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 인식도 및 수요도 분석 - 한국남부발전 삼척그린파워 주변지역을 중심으로 - (2015)

본 연구는 (주)한국남부발전 삼척그린파워 주변지역 지역주민을 대상으로 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 인식도 및 수요도를 분석하고 그 분석결과를 바탕으로 현실적 함의를 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 이론적 검토를 통하여 연구의 분석틀을 구성하고 발전소 주변지역 지역주민을 대상으로 설문 및 인터뷰조사방법을 통하여 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 인식도와 수요도를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 인지도와 기여도는 낮게 나타난 반면 필요성은 매우 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 수요도는 현금 및 현물 등 직접적인 혜택이 돌아오는 사업유형, 그리고 경제 및 사회복지분야의 사업을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 인식도와 수요도의 집단간 차이분석의 결과는 모든 영역에서 이해집단간의 첨예한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공기업이 사회공헌활동을 통해 지역사회와 함께 지속가능한 상생발전을 도모하기 위해서는 공기업의 사회공헌활동에 대한 적극적인 홍보전략과 사회적 투자전략, 그리고 지역사회의 다양한 이해관계자 집단의 경쟁적인 요구를 균형있게 관리할 수 있는 통합관리전략이 요구된다.
Angiogenesis and blood vessel stability in inflammatory arthritis (2010)

Our findings indicate the presence of unstable vessels in inflamed joints associated with hypoxia, incomplete EC-pericyte interactions, and increased DNA damage. These changes may further contribute to persistent hypoxia in the inflamed joint to further drive this unstable microenvironment.
Surface tension and the mechanics of liquid inclusions in compliant solids (2014)

Eshelby's theory of inclusions has wide-reaching implications across the mechanics of materials and structures including the theories of composites, fracture, and plasticity. However, it does not include the effects of surface stress, which has recently been shown to control many processes in soft materials such as gels, elastomers and biological tissue. To extend Eshelby's theory of inclusions to soft materials, we consider liquid inclusions within an isotropic, compressible, linear-elastic solid. We solve for the displacement and stress fields around individual stretched inclusions, accounting for the bulk elasticity of the solid and the surface tension (i.e. isotropic strain-independent surface stress) of the solid-liquid interface. Surface tension significantly alters the inclusion's shape and stiffness as well as its near- and far-field stress fields. These phenomena depend strongly on the ratio of the inclusion radius, R, to an elastocapillary length, L. Surface tension is significant whenever inclusions are smaller than 100L. While Eshelby theory predicts that liquid inclusions generically reduce the stiffness of an elastic solid, our results show that liquid inclusions can actually stiffen a solid when R<3L/2. Intriguingly, surface tension cloaks the far-field signature of liquid inclusions when R=3L/2. These results are have far-reaching applications from measuring local stresses in biological tissue, to determining the failure strength of soft composites.
A novel data-based control strategy of dynamic thermal comfort for inhabited environment (2010)

Dynamic thermal comfort control can effectively improve the levels of comfortable feeling, energy-saving, and human health. Traditional control theories and methods based on accurate physical model can not solve the control problems met during analyzing and controlling thermal comfort because of difficulties in obtaining the accurate model of a thermal environment. This paper presented a novel control strategy of dynamic thermal comfort using online and offline dada collected in thermal environment. Family members' fuzzy sensations are involved in the closed control loop. A six-input one-output CMAC neural network was used to learn the relationship between thermal variables and parameters and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). This CMAC functions as a predictive PMV model. Another three-input one-output CMAC learned the nonlinear relationship between temperature decrease and humidity deduction in summer, as humidity deduction model when temperature changes in value. We also defined the concepts of personal and dynamic thermal comfort zones, proposing a fuzzy information fusion method of thermal sensation using fuzzy set theory. Procedure of computational experiments with these data-based predictive models above was designed to determine appropriate set points of thermal variables in order for thermal comfort value to periodically be within the desired personal comfort zone or dynamic thermal comfort zone. The control strategy given in the paper can help researchers design dynamic thermal comfort system in detail.
Optomechanical Design of a Multilayer Laue Lens Test Bed for 10-nm Focusing of Hard X-rays (2013)

A multilayer Laue lens (MLL) test bed was designed at the Argonne National Laboratory for the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II) project at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Argonne and Brookhaven scientists and engineers collaborated to carry out this work in order to achieve NSLS-II's R&D goals of 10-nm focusing of hard x-rays. The test-bed design was based on the experience gained from the Argonne nanopositioning system designed for the CNM/APS hard x-ray nanoprobe project and an MLL test bed at Advanced Photon Source (APS) beamline 26-ID [1-3]. Optomechanical design of the MLL test bed, as well as the preliminary test results for the alignment apparatus and sample base stages' mechanical vibration performances are presented in this paper.
Reliability-based design applied to retaining walls (2005)

Geotechnical engineers have long used the lumped factor of safety approach in the design of foundations and retaining walls. A more recent alternative is the limit state approach using partial factors, for example as suggested in Eurocode 7. Yet another approach is perhaps more flexible and rational: design based on a target reliability index that reflects the uncertainty of the parameters and their correlation structure. Among the various versions of reliability indices, the Hasofer–Lind index and first-order reliability method (FORM) are more consistent. This paper illustrates practical reliability-based design procedures for retaining walls based on the Hasofer–Lind index and FORM. Correlated normal and non-normal random variables are considered. The efficient spreadsheet-based probabilistic approach, based on the work of Low & Tang, achieves the same result as the Hasofer–Lind method and FORM, but uses an intuitive expanding dispersion ellipsoid perspective that greatly simplifies the computations and interpretations. The differences between a reliability-based design and one based on partial factors will be discussed. Sensitivity information as conveyed in a reliability analysis will be studied. The probabilities of failure inferred from reliability indices will be compared with Monte Carlo simulations. This paper deals only with certain aspects of reliability, namely methodology and concepts, and not reliability in its widest sense.
Subcellular location characteristics of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> GGDEF protein, WspR, indicate that it produces cyclic‐di‐GMP in response to growth on surfaces (2007)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wsp signal transduction system produces cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP), an intracellular messenger that stimulates biofilm formation and suppresses motility. The Wsp system is homologous to chemotaxis systems and includes a membrane-bound receptor protein, WspA, and a response regulator GGDEF protein, WspR, that catalyses c-di-GMP synthesis when phosphorylated. We found that the subcellular distributions of fluorescent protein-tagged WspA and WspR differed markedly from their chemotaxis counterparts. WspA-YFP formed patches in cells whereas WspR-YFP was dispersed when unphosphorylated and formed bright cytoplasmic clusters when phosphorylated. WspR formed clusters in cells of a DeltawspF mutant, a genetic background that causes constitutive phosphorylation of WspR, but was dispersed in cells of a wspA mutant, a genetic background necessary for WspR phosphorylation. In addition, WspR mutated at Asp70, its predicted site of phosphorylation, did not form clusters. C-di-GMP synthesis was not required for cluster formation. WspR-YFP was dispersed in liquid-grown wild-type cells, but formed clusters that sometimes appeared and disappeared over the course of a few minutes in cells grown on an agar surface. Our results suggest that the compartmentalized production of c-di-GMP in response to a stimulus associated with growth on a surface is an important functional characteristic of the Wsp system.
Fading in lightwave systems due to polarization-mode dispersion (1990)

Recent demonstrations of lightwave systems operating at bit rates as high as 16 Gbit/s (Ref. 1) and over optical amplifier based spans hundreds of kilometers long2 have renewed interest in evaluating polarization-mode dispersion as a potential limitation in high bit rate systems. For such applications it is important to consider random polarization-mode coupling caused by internally or externally derived perturbations on the fiber birefringence. One consequence of such mode coupling is that the temporal response of a birefringent fiber can be altered by changes in ambient temperature owing to the sensitivity of mode coupling to the relative phase of the modes at a given perturbation in the fiber.3 We show that, because of such sensitivity to the environment, polarization-mode dispersion can lead to fading of the baseband signal in high-bit-rate lightwave systems in many ways analogous to multipath fading in radio systems. Such fading affects both coherent and direct detection systems.
Essential Alterations of Heparan Sulfate During the Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Sox1-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Neural Progenitor Cells (2007)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can be cultured in conditions that either maintain pluripotency or allow differentiation to the three embryonic germ layers. Heparan sulfate (HS), a highly polymorphic glycosaminoglycan, is a critical cell surface coreceptor in embryogenesis, and in this paper we describe its structural transition from an unusually low-sulfated variant in ES cells to a more highly sulfated form in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified neural progenitor cells. The characteristic domain structure of HS was retained during this transformation. However, qualitative variations in surface sulfation patterns between ES and differentiated cells were revealed using HS epitope-specific antibodies and the HS-binding growth factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Expression profiles of the HS modification enzymes indicated that both "early" (N-sulfotransferases) and "late" (6O- and 3O-sulfotransferases) sulfotransferases contributed to the alterations in sulfation patterning. An HS-null ES line was used to demonstrate the necessity for HS in neural differentiation. HS is a coreceptor for many of the protein effectors implicated in pluripotency and differentiation (e.g., members of the FGF family, bone morphogenic proteins, and fibronectin). We suggest that the stage-specific activities of these proteins are finely regulated by dynamic changes in sulfation motifs in HS chains. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A Panel of Novel Detection and Prognostic Methylated DNA Markers in Primary Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Serum DNA (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> To establish a novel panel of cancer-specific methylated genes for cancer detection and prognostic stratification of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Identification of differentially methylated regions (DMR) was performed with bumphunter on "The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)" dataset, and clinical utility was assessed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR assay in multiple sets of primary NSCLC and body fluids that included serum, pleural effusion, and ascites samples.<b>Results:</b> A methylation panel of 6 genes (<i>CDO1, HOXA9, AJAP1, PTGDR, UNCX</i>, and <i>MARCH11</i>) was selected from TCGA dataset. Promoter methylation of the gene panel was detected in 92.2% (83/90) of the training cohort with a specificity of 72.0% (18/25) and in 93.0% (40/43) of an independent cohort of stage IA primary NSCLC. In serum samples from the later 43 stage IA subjects and population-matched 42 control subjects, the gene panel yielded a sensitivity of 72.1% (31/41) and specificity of 71.4% (30/42). Similar diagnostic accuracy was observed in pleural effusion and ascites samples. A prognostic risk category based on the methylation status of <i>CDO1, HOXA9, PTGDR</i>, and <i>AJAP1</i> refined the risk stratification for outcomes as an independent prognostic factor for an early-stage disease. Moreover, the paralog group for HOXA9, predominantly overexpressed in subjects with <i>HOXA9</i> methylation, showed poor outcomes.<b>Conclusions:</b> Promoter methylation of a panel of 6 genes has potential for use as a biomarker for early cancer detection and to predict prognosis at the time of diagnosis. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7141-52. ©2017 AACR</i>.
The plasma membrane channel ORAI1 mediates detrimental calcium influx caused by endogenous oxidative stress (2013)

The mouse hippocampal cell line HT22 is an excellent model for studying the consequences of endogenous oxidative stress. Addition of extracellular glutamate depletes the cells of glutathione (GSH) by blocking the glutamate-cystine antiporter system x(c)(-). GSH is the main antioxidant in neurons and its depletion induces a well-defined program of cell death called oxytosis, which is probably synonymous with the iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death termed ferroptosis. Oxytosis is characterized by an increase of reactive oxygen species and a strong calcium influx preceding cell death. We found a significant reduction in store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in glutamate-resistant HT22 cells caused by downregulation of the Ca(2+) channel ORAI1, but not the Ca(2+) sensors STIM1 or STIM2. Pharmacological inhibition of SOCE mimicked this protection similarly to knockdown of ORAI1 by small interfering RNAs. Long-term calcium live-cell imaging after induction of the cell death program showed a specific reduction in Ca(2+)-positive cells by ORAI1 knockdown. These results suggest that dysregulated Ca(2+) entry through ORAI1 mediates the detrimental Ca(2+) entry in programmed cell death induced by GSH depletion. As this detrimental Ca(2+) influx occurs late in the course of the cell death program, it might be amenable to therapeutic intervention in diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Histopathological evaluation of canine stifle joint synovial membrane collected at the time of repair of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (1995)

Synovial membranes from 54 dogs were collected at the time of surgery to stabilize the stifle joint following rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Histological evaluation revealed lymphoplasmacytic synovitis with the formation of distinct, nodular aggregates in 36 synovial membranes. The remainder had evidence of chronic synovitis with variable numbers of diffuse, mononuclear cells. The presence of a potentially immune-mediated synovitis in the majority of cases suggests the need for further study.
Ultraviolet photoconductive detector based on epitaxial Mg0.34Zn0.66O thin films (2001)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of visible blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on MgxZn1−xO. Using pulsed laser deposition technique, Mg0.34Zn0.66O thin films with a bandgap of 4.05 eV were epitaxially grown on c-plane sapphire substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of epilayers were characterized using various techniques. Based on the Mg0.34Zn0.66O films, planar geometry photconductive type metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors were fabricated. At a 5 V bias, a high responsivity of 1200 A/W was achieved at 308 nm, and the visible rejection (R308 nm/R400 nm) was more than four orders of magnitude. The 10%–90% rise and fall time were 8 ns and 1.4 μs, respectively.
Progress toward development of photodynamic vaccination against infectious/malignant diseases and photodynamic mosquitocides (2018)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers (PS) that are excited with light to generate ROS in the presence of oxygen for treating various diseases. PS also has the potential use as photodynamic insecticides (PDI) and for light-inactivation of <i>Leishmania</i> for photodynamic vaccination (PDV). PDT-inactivated <i>Leishmania</i> are non-viable, but remain immunologically competent as whole-cell vaccines against leishmaniasis, and as a universal carrier for delivery of add-on vaccines against other infectious and malignant diseases. We have screened novel PS, including Zn- and Si-phthalocyanines (PC) for differential PDT activities against <i>Leishmania</i>, insect and mammalian cells <i>in vitro</i> to assess their PDI and PDV potential. Here, Zn-PC were conjugated with various functional groups. The conjugates were examined for uptake by cells as a prerequisite for their susceptibility to light-inactivation. PDT sensitivity was found to vary with cell types and PS used. PDI potential of several PS was demonstrated by their mosquito larvicidal PDT activities <i>in vitro</i>. PDT-inactivated <i>Leishmania</i> were stored frozen for PDV in several ongoing studies: [1] Open label trial with 20 sick dogs for immunotherapy of canine leishmaniasis after chemotherapy in Naples, Italy. Clinical follow-up for >3 years indicate that the PDV prolongs their survival; [2] PDV of murine models with a human lung cancer vaccine showed dramatic tumor suppression; [3] Open label trial of multiple PDV via compassionate access to 4 advanced cancer patients showed no clinically adverse effects. Two subjects remain alive. Genetic modifications of <i>Leishmania</i> are underway to further enhance their safety and efficacy for PDV by installation of activable mechanisms for self-destruction and spontaneous light-emission.
International Space Station United States Orbital Segment Oxygen Generation System On-orbit Operational Experience (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The International Space Station (ISS) United States Orbital Segment (USOS) Oxygen Generation System (OGS) was originally intended to be installed in ISS Node 3. The OGS rack delivery was accelerated, and it was launched to ISS in July of 2006 and installed in the US Laboratory Module. Various modification kits were installed to provide its interfaces, and the OGS was first activated in July of 2007 for 15 hours. In October of 2007 it was again activated for 76 hours with varied production rates and day/night cycling. Operational time in each instance was limited by the quantity of feedwater in a Payload Water Reservoir (PWR) bag. Feedwater will be provided by PWR bag until the USOS Water Recovery System (WRS) is delivered to ISS in fall of 2008. This paper will discuss operating experience and characteristics of the OGS, as well as operational issues and their resolution.</div>
Characterization of cDNAs encoding the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. (1991)

The polypyrimidine tract of mammalian introns is recognized by a 62-kD protein (pPTB). Mutations in the polypyrimidine tract that reduce the binding of pPTB also reduce the efficiency of formation of the pre-spliceosome complex containing U2 snRNP. The PTB protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a matrix containing poly(U), and peptide sequence was used to isolate several cDNAs. Because a variety of cell types express mRNA complementary to these cDNAs, PTB may be a ubiquitous splicing factor. Three classes of cDNAs were identified, on the basis of the presence of additional sequences at an internal position. This variation in sequence probably reflects alternative splicing of the PTB pre-mRNA and produces mRNAs encoding the prototype PTB protein, a form of PTB protein containing 19 additional residues, and a truncated form of PTB protein with a novel carboxyl terminus. A murine homolog of pPTB has been characterized previously as a DNA-binding protein. Sequence comparisons indicate that pPTB is distantly related to the hnRNP L protein and that these two proteins should be considered as members of a novel family of RNA-binding proteins.