gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial graphene on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mtext>-SiC</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Li intercalation (2010)

The influence of lithium (Li) exposures on monolayer graphene grown on the silicon-terminated SiC(0001) surface is investigated using low-energy electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and micro-low-energy electron diffraction. After Li deposition, islands or Li droplets are observed on the surface, and are found to coalesce together with time. Formation of a dipole layer at the interface, interpreted to originate from Li-Si bonding, is observed directly after Li deposition, and manifested by a 2 eV shift of the $\text{C}\text{ }1s$ and $\text{Si}\text{ }2p$ bulk SiC peaks. This indicates that Li atoms penetrate through the graphene and carbon buffer layer directly after deposition at room temperature since three $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands are then moreover observed at the K point, instead of the single $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band for monolayer graphene. The existence of three $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands is interpreted as a mixture of bilayer and monolayer graphene plus a difference in doping levels due to an uneven distribution of Li atoms. Li gives rise to electron doping of the graphene and results in a lowering of the Dirac point. After annealing to a few hundred degrees Celsius, a more even Li distribution and intercalation is obtained since then two distinct $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands appear at the K point.
The Relationship between Budget Deficit and Economic Growth of Pakistan (2015)

This study examine the impact of budget deficit on economic growth in Pakistan during the period from 1976-2007.Co integration technique, VAR Granger Causality test and vector error correction model is used.Economic growth was measured as growth in GDP.The technique of time series econometrics such as Granger Causality, Johansen co integration and error correction models has been used.Johansen co integration shows that all variables are co integrated and error correction term is also significant.However we have not found any significant impact of budget deficit on economic growth of Pakistan.The results showed that GDP cause investment and investment cause deficit.However budget deficit does not cause GDP growth.The results of this study also support Keynesian view about budget deficit.The findings also show that the budget deficit has a positive impact on the growth.
Artificial Noise Generated in MIMO Scenario: Optimal Power Design (2013)

In wireless communication, the transmitter (Alice) can send artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper (Eve). This letter considers the AN MIMO scenario, i.e., both Alice and the legitimate receiver (Bob) are equipped with multiple antennas. A closed-form expression for the lower bound of secrecy capacity is obtained. It is proved that water-filling is the optimal power allocation scheme. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to find the optimal power distribution ratio between information and AN so that maximum secrecy capacity can be achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges fast, and multiple antennas can improve the secrecy capacity to some extent compared to the AN MISO case.
Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) gag Proteins with Specificity for Conserved Epitopes in HIV-1, HIV-2 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), strain HTLV-IIIB. One of 29 antibodies was specific for p17 of HIV-1. Twenty of 28 MAbs reactive with the major core protein p24 of HIV-1 showed cross-reactivity with HIV-2, and five of these also detected the corresponding antigens of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac). The MAbs were reactive in several tests, i.e. ELISA, immunostaining of Western blots, immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. The submembrane protein p17 was clearly localized within the virion.
Automatic color segmentation algorithms-with application to skin tumor feature identification (1993)

Two color-image segmentation methods are described. The first is based on a spherical coordinate transform of original RGB data. The second is based on a mathematically optimal transform, the principal components transform (also known as eigenvector, discrete Karhunen-Loeve, or Hotelling transform). These algorithms are applied to the extraction from skin tumor images of various features such as tumor border, crust, hair scale, shiny areas, and ulcer. The results of this research will be used in the development of a computer vision system that will seve as the visual front-end of a medical expert system to automate visual feature identification for skin tumor evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel method for worm containment on dynamic social networks (2010)

With the introduction of the World Wide Web and online social networks, people now have sought ways to socialize and make new friends online over a greater distance. Popular social network sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Bebo have witnessed rapid increases in space and the number of online users over a short period of time. However, alongside with these fast expands comes the threat of malicious softwares such as viruses, worms or false information propagation. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive method for containing worm propagation on dynamic social networks. Our approach first takes into account the network community structure and adaptively keeps it updated as the social network evolves, and then contains worm propagation by distributing patches to most influential users selected from the network communities. To evaluate the performance of our approach we test it on Facebook network dataset and compare the infection rates on several cases with the recent social-based method introduced in. Experimental results show that our approach not only performs faster but also achieves lower infection rates than the social-based method on dynamic social networks.
Single-Molecule Cut-and-Paste Surface Assembly (2008)

We introduce a method for the bottom-up assembly of biomolecular structures that combines the precision of the atomic force microscope (AFM) with the selectivity of DNA hybridization. Functional units coupled to DNA oligomers were picked up from a depot area by means of a complementary DNA strand bound to an AFM tip. These units were transferred to and deposited on a target area to create basic geometrical structures, assembled from units with different functions. Each of these cut-and-paste events was characterized by single-molecule force spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Transport and deposition of more than 5000 units were achieved, with less than 10% loss in transfer efficiency.
Polycystic liver disease: an overview of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management (2014)

Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is the result of embryonic ductal plate malformation of the intrahepatic biliary tree. The phenotype consists of numerous cysts spread throughout the liver parenchyma. Cystic bile duct malformations originating from the peripheral biliary tree are called Von Meyenburg complexes (VMC). In these patients embryonic remnants develop into small hepatic cysts and usually remain silent during life. Symptomatic PLD occurs mainly in the context of isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In advanced stages, PCLD and ADPKD patients have massively enlarged livers which cause a spectrum of clinical features and complications. Major complaints include abdominal pain, abdominal distension and atypical symptoms because of voluminous cysts resulting in compression of adjacent tissue or failure of the affected organ. Renal failure due to polycystic kidneys and non-renal extra-hepatic features are common in ADPKD in contrast to VMC and PCLD. In general, liver function remains prolonged preserved in PLD. Ultrasonography is the first instrument to assess liver phenotype. Indeed, PCLD and ADPKD diagnostic criteria rely on detection of hepatorenal cystogenesis, and secondly a positive family history compatible with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Ambiguous imaging or screening may be assisted by genetic counseling and molecular diagnostics. Screening mutations of the genes causing PCLD (PRKCSH and SEC63) or ADPKD (PKD1 and PKD2) confirm the clinical diagnosis. Genetic studies showed that accumulation of somatic hits in cyst epithelium determine the rate-limiting step for cyst formation. Management of adult PLD is based on liver phenotype, severity of clinical features and quality of life. Conservative treatment is recommended for the majority of PLD patients. The primary aim is to halt cyst growth to allow abdominal decompression and ameliorate symptoms. Invasive procedures are required in a selective patient group with advanced PCLD, ADPKD or liver failure. Pharmacological therapy by somatostatin analogues lead to beneficial outcome of PLD in terms of symptom relief and liver volume reduction.
Ash Utilization and Disposal (1992)

There are many changes taking place in the utilization and disposal of ash and related materials and each day it seems that there are more restrictions on the disposal of ash. In one project, mass burn ash has been screened to remove the plus one inch pieces and then combined with the fly ash and portland cement to produce a pellet that is very slow-leaching with all of the heavy metals "fixed". In the northeastern United States, the ash from circulating fluidized bed combustors needs to be pelletized so it can be transported back to the mine for easy disposal. The ash can also be blended with digested municipal sewage sludge to form a soil additive which contains lime and nutrients. The new clean air standards are making it necessary for utilities to install sulfur dioxide scrubbers which produce gypsum. This gypsum filter cake can be pelletized so that the pellet produced can be utilized in the final grind of portland cement or can be disposed of in a very slow-leaching pile. We have taken the lead in producing these agglomeration techniques and many more processes which we will describe and show the detailed process flow diagram for each of these methods.
Rho/ROCK Signaling in Regulation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Cycle Progression (2008)

ROCK signaling is involved in cell cycle progression in RCECs, possibly by upregulation of cyclin-D1 and -D3 and CDK4, -6, and -2; nuclear translocation of CDK2 and cyclin-E; and downregulation of p27(Kip1).
Distribution of volatile organic chemicals in outdoor and indoor air: a national VOCs data base (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistribution of volatile organic chemicals in outdoor and indoor air: a national VOCs data baseJitendra J. Shah and Hanwant B. SinghCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1988, 22, 12, 1381–1388Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00177a001https://doi.org/10.1021/es00177a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1151Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diesel Exhaust Particle Characterization by Polarized Light Scattering (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Polarized light scattering was used to determine the size distribution and composition of the undiluted exhaust particulate stream from a one-cylinder, direct-injection diesel generator set. To do this an angle-scanning polarization-modulated <b>nephelometer</b> was used to completely characterize the scattered light. The size distribution and complex index of refraction of the particles were determined from the data by simultaneously fitting measured the angle-dependence of the four scattering transformation matrix elements with <b>Mie</b> scattering calculations. The no-load exhaust was composed of small <b>non-absorbing</b> particles (mean diameter 0.04 μm) and the particles at full load conditions were larger (0.12 μm) and more highly absorbing.</div>
Defining the diagnostic algorithm in pancreatic cancer. (2004)

Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with a mass on radiologic studies, however, not every pancreatic mass is cancer. Since radiological studies alone are insufficient to establish the diagnosis of a pancreatic mass and patient management depends on a definitive diagnosis; confirmatory cytology or histology is usually required. As a minimally invasive procedure, EUS and EUS FNA avoid the risk of cutaneous or peritoneal contamination that may occur with CT or US-guided investigations and is less invasive than surgical interventions. As a result, EUS FNA of pancreatic masses is becoming the standard for obtaining cytological diagnosis. This chapter presents an EUS-based diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of pancreatic lesions and is based upon a review of the pertinent literature in the field of pancreatic endosonography that has been the most influential in helping to guide this evolving field. Realizing there is much overlap among the EUS characteristics of various pancreatic lesions, for the sake of simplicity we have structured our discussion in broad terms of solid versus cystic lesions and discuss various pancreatic lesions within this framework. The additional contributors to this round table discussion have been asked to provide a more dedicated, focused discussion of the various subcategories of pancreatic lesions in greater detail than we could hope to achieve here. We provide this final contribution to the round table as a means of bringing the discussion back to the big picture of pancreatic lesions, rather than trying to hone in on the fine details of any one subclass.
Mechanoradicals Created in “Polymeric Sponges” Drive Reactions in Aqueous Media (2012)

Squeezing out the energy: Macroscopically reversible deformation of polymers in contact with water produces H2O2 in quantities that are sufficient to drive small-scale chemical syntheses. The amount of mechanosynthesized H2O2 scales with the polymer–water interfacial area, and the efficiency of the mechanical-to-chemical energy transduction can be as high as 30 % for soft, porous polymer “sponges”. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The purification of early‐pregnancy factor to homogeneity from human platelets and identification as chaperonin 10 (1994)

Early-pregnancy factor (EPF), first discovered in the early stages of gestation, is associated with and necessary for cell proliferation in a wide variety of biological situations. Like many other growth factors, EPF is present in platelets, and, by titration studies with a neutralising anti-EPF monoclonal antibody, platelets were identified as an extremely rich source of this growth factor. EPF has been purified from clinically outdated human platelets by heat extraction, ion-exchange and affinity chromatographies on SP-Sephadex and heparin-Sepharose respectively, high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography and three reverse-phase HPLC steps, with an average yield of 15 micrograms/100 platelet units (equivalent to approximately 50 1 blood). Using SDS/PAGE, EPF migrated as a single band with approximate M(r) 8500, coincident with biological activity. Mass spectrometry provided an accurate and precise determination of the molecular mass as M(r) 10843.5 +/- 2, along with definitive evidence of the homogeneity of the preparation. Attempts at Edman degradation indicated that the molecule was blocked at the N-terminus and sequencing of proteolytic fragments was undertaken. The amino acid sequence of approximately 70% of the molecule was determined which, with a single exception, is identical with rat chaperonin 10. This structural relationship was shown to extend to functional identity by studies using chaperonin 10 and its functional associate chaperonin 60. Investigations with the latter confirmed that chaperonin 10 is the moiety in pregnancy serum which initiates response in the EPF bioassay. Our studies identify EPF as a member of the highly conserved heat-shock family of molecules and demonstrate a molecular chaperone performing an extracellular role.
Contributions of host- and disease-related attributes to the outcome of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. (1984)

Three sequential trials of treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) involving 173 patients were analyzed to identify clinical and myeloblast-cell progenitor properties in culture related to outcome. The latter, including self-renewal capacity expressed as plating efficiency (PE2) and drug sensitivity, were determined for a representative group of 45 patients. Despite increasingly intensive remission induction therapy, similar response rates were achieved in the three trials and no increase in the duration of survival was observed. Clinical attributes at presentation by multivariate analyses were not consistently predictable of outcome. Of the blast cell attributes, only PE2 was predictive of duration of survival (p less than 10(-6)). For patients in remission the relapse rate during the first year was 0.63 compared with 0.15 in subsequent years. The percentage marrow myeloblasts at presentation, a measure of disease activity, was significantly higher for the patients having remissions lasting less than one year. These studies demonstrate the importance of disease-related attributes on the outcome of patients with AML.
Can a virtual cat persuade you? (2006)

This study examines the roles of gender and visual realism in the persuasiveness of speakers. Participants were presented with a persuasive passage delivered by a male or female person, virtual human, or virtual character. They were then assessed on attitude change and their ratings of the argument, message, and speaker. The results indicated that the virtual speakers were as effective at changing attitudes as real people. Male participants were more persuaded when the speaker was female than when the speaker was male, whereas female participants were more persuaded when the speaker was male than when the speaker was female. Cross gender interactions occurred across all conditions, suggesting that some of the gender stereotypes that occur with people may carry over to interaction with virtual characters. Ratings of the perceptions of the speaker were more favorable for virtual speakers than for human speakers. We discuss the application of these findings in the design of persuasive human computer interfaces.
A hybrid method of performing electric power system fault ride-through evaluations on medium voltage multi-megawatt devices (2013)

This dissertation explores the design and analysis of a Hybrid Method of performing electrical power system fault ride-through evaluations on multi-megawatt, medium voltage power conversion equipment. Fault ride-through evaluations on such equipment are needed in order to verify and validate full scale designs prior to being implemented in the field. Ultimately, these evaluations will help in reducing the deployment risks associated with bringing new technologies into the marketplace. This is especially true for renewable energy and utility scale energy storage systems, where a significant amount of attention in recent years has focused on their ever increasing role in power system security and stability. The Hybrid Method couples two existing technologies together - a reactive voltage divider network and a power electronic variable voltage source - in order to overcome the inherent limitation of both methods, namely the short circuit duty required for implementation. This work provides the background of this limitation with respect to the existing technologies and demonstrates that the Hybrid Method can minimize the fault duty required for fault evaluations. The physical system, control objectives, and operation cycle of the Hybrid Method are analyzed with respect to the overall objective of reducing the fault duty of the system. A vector controller is designed to incorporate the time variant nature of the Hybrid Method operation cycle, limit the fault current seen by the power electronic variable voltage source, and provide regulation of the voltage at the point of common coupling with the device being evaluated. In order to verify the operation of both the Hybrid Method physical system and vector controller, a controller hardware-in-the-loop experiment is created in order to simulate the physical system in real-time against the prototype implementation of the vector controller. The physical system is simulated in a Real Time Digital Simulator and is controlled with the Hybrid Method vector controller implemented on a National Instruments FPGA. In order to evaluate the complete performance of the Hybrid Method, both a synchronous generator and a doubly-fed induction generator are modeled as the device under test in the simulations of the physical system. Finally, the results of the controller hardware-in-the-loop experiments are presented which demonstrate that the Hybrid Method is a viable solution to performing fault ride-through evaluations on multi-megawatt, medium voltage power conversion equipment.
Retrieval of Keyphrase Automatically from Video Lectures using Semi Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm (2013)

A few advanced lecture browsers synchronize text with lecture video and also allow search within the transcript. However, these systems are of little use if for instance, a student wants to quickly scan the contents of a particular lecture among a series of lectures. So this project proposes a system that can automatically generate and display section-wise annotations using lecture transcripts. This approach uses a simpler keyphrase-based annotation technique, which functionally strikes a middle ground between detailed annotation and basic video tagging. It uses a supervised machine learning algorithm, based on a Naive-Bayes classifier to extract relevant keyphrases. The goal of keyphrase extraction is to generate an optimal set of phrases appearing in the lecture, which best summarizes its content. The project has shown that a combination of automatic keyphrase extraction and segmentation enhances the functionality of a lecture browser system.