gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Cell Adhesion Ligand Presentation Regulates Nonviral Gene Delivery and Expression (2006)

It is hypothesized that the nanoscale organization of cell adhesion ligands in a synthetic ECM regulates nonviral gene delivery. This hypothesis was examined with pre-osteoblasts cultured on substrates which present varied density and spacing of synthetic adhesion ligands. The levels of gene transfer and expression were increased with the density of adhesion ligands, but decreased with the spacing of ligands, due to changes in the cell growth rate. This study provides a material-based control point on the nanometer scale for nonviral gene based therapies.
FLUORINE BALANCE AND FLUORINE EMISSION FROM CEMENT KILNS (1968)

IN THE BURINING OF PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER THE FLUORINE IS PARTLY DRIVEN OUT OF THE RAW MATERIAL AND FUEL. IN ORDER TO ELUCIDATE THE QUESTION WHETHER THE FLUORINE IS EMITTED IN GASEOUS FORM WITH THE KILN EXIT GASES OR IS COMBINED IN SOLID FORM IN THE CLINKER OR IN THE DUST, COMPLETE FLUORINE BALANCES FOR ELEVEN CEMENT KILNS OF VARYING DESIGN WERE ESTABLISHED, IN ADDITION TO EXIT GAS INVESTIGATIONS. NO GASEOUS FLUORIDES COULD BE DETECTED IN THE CLEANED GAS FROM THE CEMENT KILN. FROM THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS AND MORE PARTICULARLY ALSO FROM THE RESULTS OF THE FLUORINE BALANCE INVESTIGATIONS IT EMERGES THAT CEMENT KILNS CANNOT EMIT FLUORIDES IN GASEOUS FORM, THIS BEING SO BECAUSE, WITH THE LARGE EXCESS OF CALCIUM OXIDE OCCURRING, THEY ARE ENTIRELY COMBINED AS CALCIUM FLUORIDE. THE SLIGHT FLUORIDE EMISSION FOUND IN THE DUST CONTAINED IN THE CLEANED GAS-AMOUNTING FROM 0.009 TO 1.420 MG FLUORINE PER CUBIC METER (?) --IS THEREFORE NOT DEPENDENT ON THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FLUORINE BALANCE, BUT ON THE PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS INSTALLED AFTER KILNS. THE AMOUNT OF FLUORINE COMBINED IN THE CLINKER RANGES FROM 88 TO 98% OF THE TOTAL FLUORINE INTAKE, AND THIS PERCENTAGE IS HIGHER ACCORDING AS THE DUST LOAD ON THE KILN EXIT GAS IS SMALLER. FROM THE STRICTLY LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF FLUORINE COMBINED IN THE CLINKER IN % OF THE BALANCE SUM AND THE EXTERNAL DUST CYCLE IN GRAMMES OF DUST PER KG OF CLINKER IT FOLLOWS THAT THE FLUORINE IS COMBINED SOLELY IN SOLID FORM AS CALCIUM FLUORIDE IN THE CLINKER AND IN THE KILN DUST. CALCIUM FLUORIDE IS HARMLESS, AS IT IS DIFFICULTY SOLUBLE IN WATET. /AUTHOR/
The effect of doping the M-barrier in very long-wave type-II InAs∕GaSb heterodiodes (2008)

A variation on the standard homodiode type-II superlattice with an M-barrier between the π-region and the n-region is shown to suppress the dark currents. By determining the optimal doping level of the M-superlattice, dark current densities of 4.95mA∕cm2 and quantum efficiencies in excess of 20% have been demonstrated at the moderate reverse bias of 50mV; allowing for near background-limted performance with a Johnson-noise detectivity of 3.11×1010cmHz∕W at 77K for 14.58μm cutoff wavelength for large area diodes without passivation. This is comparable to values for the state-of-the-art HgCdTe photodiodes.
4.3.3 Simulation‐Emulation‐Stimulation A Complete System Engineering Process (1998)

ABSTRACT The complexity of modern hardware/software systems, the reduction in defense funding levels, and the desire of DoD (US Department of Defense) to reduce the acquisition cycle using Simulation Based Acquisition have significantly impacted the manner in which new weapon systems are concepted, designed, integrated, tested, produced, and supported throughout their life cycles. The traditional approaches for engineering systems are no longer adequate for rapid developments and must be modernized in an integrated methodology to take advantage of the significant advancements in computer technologies. Many efforts using computer technology up to this point in time have been fragmented and lacked a systematic approach to make full use of the technologies. By taking advantage of the advances in microprocessors and software to create a System Integration Environment (SIE), a Simulation ‐ Emulation ‐ Stimulation (SES) Process can be developed that handles all aspects of the life cycle including system analysis, design, documentation, test and evaluation (T&E), integration and training. This paper reports on some of the advances that have been made thus far in developing such a System Integrated Environment for use in Army and Navy Combat System Developments.
Use of zwitterionic buffer additives to improve the separation of proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis (1994)

Abstract In CZE, the adsorption of the proteins on the capillary wall is a common problem. This paper describes the simple method of utilizing zwitterionic buffer additives to improve the separation of proteins in untreated fused silica capillaries at neutral pH. Three kinds of zwitterion are evaluated in the separation of acidic, neutral, and basic proteins, including their effect on protein efficiency, mobility, separation, and resolution; the difference between the effects of the different additives are also highlighted. The method has proved to be a possible means of reducing protein adsorption, especially for basic proteins.
Compensating for evanescent modes and estimating characteristic impedance in waveguide acoustic impedance measurements (2017)

The ear-canal acoustic impedance and reflectance are useful for assessing conductive hearing disorders and calibrating stimulus levels in situ. However, such probe-based measurements are affected by errors due to the presence of evanescent modes and incorrect estimates or assumptions regarding characteristic impedance. This paper proposes a method to compensate for evanescent modes in measurements of acoustic impedance, reflectance, and sound pressure in waveguides, as well as estimating the characteristic impedance immediately in front of the probe. This is achieved by adjusting the characteristic impedance and subtracting an acoustic inertance from the measured impedance such that the non-causality in the reflectance is minimized in the frequency domain using the Hilbert transform. The method is thus capable of estimating plane-wave quantities of the sought-for parameters by supplying only an arbitrary initial value for the characteristic impedance. From a comparison with a simulated waveguide, it is shown that this method can accurately estimate these quantities in a waveguide that is uniform at the position of the probe. Finally, it is demonstrated how evanescent modes, characteristic impedance, and the proposed methodology can affect the measured acoustic impedance and reflectance of an occluded-ear simulator.
“Coarse” stability and bifurcation analysis using time-steppers: A reaction-diffusion example (2000)

Evolutionary, pattern forming partial differential equations (PDEs) are often derived as limiting descriptions of microscopic, kinetic theory-based models of molecular processes (e.g., reaction and diffusion). The PDE dynamic behavior can be probed through direct simulation (time integration) or, more systematically, through stability/bifurcation calculations; time-stepper-based approaches, like the Recursive Projection Method [Shroff, G. M. & Keller, H. B. (1993) SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 30, 1099-1120] provide an attractive framework for the latter. We demonstrate an adaptation of this approach that allows for a direct, effective ("coarse") bifurcation analysis of microscopic, kinetic-based models; this is illustrated through a comparative study of the FitzHugh-Nagumo PDE and of a corresponding Lattice-Boltzmann model.
Noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy for noninvasive deep tissue blood flow measurement (2012)

A noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) probe has been developed using two separated optical paths for the source and detector. This unique design avoids the interference between the source and detector and allows large source-detector separations for deep tissue blood flow measurements. The noncontact probe has been calibrated against a contact probe in a tissue-like phantom solution and human muscle tissues; flow changes concurrently measured by the two probes are highly correlated in both phantom (R(2)=0.89, p<10(-5)) and real-tissue (R(2)=0.77, p<10(-5), n=9) tests. The noncontact DCS holds promise for measuring blood flow in vulnerable (e.g., pressure ulcer) and soft (e.g., breast) tissues without distorting tissue hemodynamic properties.
ME-MD: An Effective Framework for Neural Machine Translation with Multiple Encoders and Decoders (2017)

The encoder-decoder neural framework is widely employed for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) with a single encoder to represent the source sentence and a single decoder to generate target words. The translation performance heavily relies on the representation ability of the encoder and the generation ability of the decoder. To further enhance NMT, we propose to extend the original encoder-decoder framework to a novel one, which has multiple encoders and decoders (ME-MD). Through this way, multiple encoders extract more diverse features to represent the source sequence and multiple decoders capture more complicated translation knowledge. Our proposed ME-MD framework is convenient to integrate heterogeneous encoders and decoders with multiple depths and multiple types. Experiment on Chinese-English translation task shows that our ME-MD system surpasses the state-of-the-art NMT system by 2.1 BLEU points and surpasses the phrase-based Moses by 7.38 BLEU points. Our framework is general and can be applied to other sequence to sequence tasks.
Isothermal Capacitance Transient Spectroscopy (1981)

A new measurement method for deep levels in semiconductors is demonstrated, by which the measurement of the transient change of capacitance is performed under an isothermal condition (Isothermal Capacitance Transient Spectroscopy). The method allows us to construct a precise measurement and analysis system by a programmable calculator. Detailed experiment and analysis by the method in the case of Au-doped Si in dicate that the method is one of useful tools for spectroscopic analysis of deep levels in semiconductors.
Nitroxide mediated living radical polymerization of styrene onto poly (vinyl chloride) (2007)

Abstract Nitroxide‐mediated ‘living’ free radical polymerisation (LREP) was employed for the first time to prepare graft copolymer by having arylated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC‐Ph) as a backbone and polystyrene (PS) as branches. The graft copolymerization of styrene was initiated by arylated PVC carrying 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) groups as a macroinitiator. Thus, the arylated PVC was prepared in the mild conditions and these reaction conditions could overcome the problem of gelation and crosslinking in polymers. Then, 1‐hydroxy TEMPO was synthesized by the reduction of TEMPO with sodium ascorbate. This functional nitroxyl compound was coupled with brominated arylated PVC (PVC‐Ph‐Br). The resulting macro‐initiator (PVC‐Ph‐TEMPO) for ‘living’ free radical polymerization was then heated in the presence of styrene to form graft copolymer. DSC, GPC, 1 HNMR, and FT‐IR spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structure of the polymers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human cytomegalovirus encodes a highly specific RANTES decoy receptor (2004)

The human cytomegalovirus pUL21.5 protein is a small, secreted glycoprotein whose mRNA is packaged into virions. We demonstrate that pUL21.5 protein is a soluble CC chemokine receptor that functions as a decoy to modulate the host immune response to infection. In contrast to other viral chemokine-binding proteins, which interact promiscuously with multiple chemokines, pUL21.5 selectively binds RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) with high affinity. By binding RANTES, pUL21.5 blocks RANTES interaction with its cellular receptors. We propose that human cytomegalovirus directs the synthesis of a secreted, virus-coded protein that modulates the host antiviral response even before the newly infecting viral genome becomes transcriptionally active.
PITUITARY‐OVARIAN FUNCTION IN NORMAL WOMEN DURING THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION (1981)

The excretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestrogens and pregnanediol was measured in weekly urine samples collected for 14-87 weeks (median, 43 weeks) from thirty-one perimenopausal women aged 36-55 years (median, 50 years). The results were compared with those found in twenty-two postmenopausal women aged 55.4 +/- 5.4 years (mean +/- SD), and in twenty premenopausal women aged 44.4 +/- 3.4 years with regular, ovulatory, menstrual cycles. Women classed as perimenopausal had a recent history of irregular menstrual cycles following regular cyclicity. The hormone patterns observed in the perimenopausal women varied widely, both between individuals and from time to time in the same individual. They ranged from ovulatory cycles with low premenopausal levels of FSH, to transient episodes indistinguishable from those found in postmenopausal women with high levels of FSH and LH. Between these extremes were patterns rarely seen at other times in reproductive life: namely, (1) in fourteen women on thirty-two occasions lasting 2-9 weeks, postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH occurred in association with high oestrogen levels; (2) in eighteen women on thirty occasions lasting 2-8 weeks, there was an elevation of LH (but not FSH) into the postmenopausal range; (3) in thirteen women on twenty-six occasions lasting 1-2 weeks, there was an elevation of FSH (but not LH) into the postmenopausal range. These patterns were not seen in any of the premenopausal women. Typically, the approach of the menopause was marked by an increased incidence of high postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH. Ovulatory cycles were observed at all stages in the perimenopause, and occurred within 16 weeks of the last menstrual period in seven of the thirteen women who became postmenopausal during the study. It is concluded that the appearance of high levels of FSH and LH is characteristic of the perimenopause and often precedes the sustained loss of sex hormone secretion by the ageing ovary. Postmenopausal biochemical parameters are no guarantee of the postmenopausal state.
Human secretory immunoglobulins. II. Salivary secretions from individuals with selectively excessive or defective synthesis of serum immunoglobulins. (1971)

Increased amounts of IgG were transmitted into the salivary secretions of patients with elevated serum levels of this immunoglobulin. Both its glandular and extra-glandular transfer apparently depended upon passive diffusion or epithelial `leakage'. High serum levels of IgM (in macroglobulinaemia), and especially local synthesis of this immunoglobulin (in IgA deficiency), enhanced its transfer into the saliva. The transmission through secretory epithelium (glandular transfer) seemed to be an active or selective process, probably dependent upon specific `transfer sites' in the heavy polypetide chains of IgM. The transmitted immunoglobulin (secretory IgM) was physicochemically and immunochemically similar to its 19S counterpart in serum. In IgA-deficient secretions no significant association between immunoglobulin components and secretory piece (SP) could be detected; the latter was physicochemically and immunochemically characterized as free SP.
Sofosbuvir With Velpatasvir in Treatment-Naive Noncirrhotic Patients With Genotype 1 to 6 Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2015)

Gilead Sciences.
Visible Korean Human: Improved serially sectioned images of the entire body (2005)

The data from the Visible Human Project (VHP) and the Chinese Visible Human (CVH), which are the serially sectioned images of the entire cadaver, are being used to produce three-dimensional (3-D) images and software. The purpose of our research, the Visible Korean Human (VKH), is to produce an enhanced version of the serially sectioned images of an entire cadaver that can be used to upgrade the 3-D images and software. These improvements are achieved without drastically changing the methods developed for the VHP and CVH; thus, a complementary solution was found. A Korean male cadaver was chosen without anything perfused into the cadaver; the entire body was magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) scanned at 1.0-mm intervals to produce MR and CT images. After scanning, entire body of the cadaver was embedded and serially sectioned at 0.2-mm intervals; each sectioned surface was inputted into a personal computer to produce anatomical images (pixel size: 0.2 mm) without any missing images. Eleven anatomical organs in the anatomical images were segmented to produce segmented images. The anatomical and segmented images were stacked and reconstructed to produce 3-D images. The VKH is an ongoing research; we will produce a female version of the VKH and provide more detailed segmented images. The data from the VHP, CVH, and VKH will provide valuable resources to the medical image library of 3-D images and software in the field of medical education and clinical trials.
NICKEL-ZINC VS. SILVER-ZINC BATTERY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS (1978)

The objective of this paper is to describe the baseline characteristics and establish the minimum requirements which any nickel-zinc battery designer or developer should not forget. The tables that follow summarize the commonality and difference of features in nickel-zinc and silver-zinc batteries.
Chemistry of drugs (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTChemistry of drugsAlfred Burger Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 12, A772Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1959Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036pA772.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Human platelet basic protein associated with antiheparin and mitogenic activities: purification and partial characterization. (1980)

Platelet basic protein (PBP) (isoelectric point, 10.0-10.5; apparent Mr, 11,000-15,000) has been purified to homogeneity from material secreted by fresh human platelets after stimulation by thrombin. The purification, using preparative isoelectric focusing and chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, yielded two additional peptides with antiheparin activity that were immunologically identical with PBP: low-affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglubulin. The purity of the peptides was confirmed by immuoelectrophoresis and by NH2-terminal amino acid analysis. Dansyl chloride-treated PBP yielded a single dansylated amino acid residue (glycine). By using a specific radioimmunoassay it was shown that 10(9) human platelets contain 2-3 microgram of PBP which can be released in response to specific stimulation. PBP is associated with mitogenic activity as assayed in Swiss 3T3 mouse cells cultured in low-serum (0.4-1.5%) medium at levels of about 1 ng/ml and saturating at 10-40 ng/ml. The biological activity of different PBP preparations was variable, presumably due to inhibition by the varying amounts of ampholytes that interfered with the mitogenic activity of the peptide. Mitogenic activity was eluted from NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels and shown to comigrate with immunoreactive material and with conventional marker proteins of 14,000-17,000 daltons or with histones of 11,000-15,000 daltons. Evidence is presented that PBP is different from cationic platelet-derived growth factor which has an apparent Mr of 30,000.
Microcharacterization and Novel Device Applications of Semiconductor-Metal Eutectic Composites (1988)

Semiconductor-metal eutectic composites, such as Si-TaSi 2 , which consist of an aligned array of metallic rods permeating a semiconductor matrix, are electronic materials that offer a variety of novel device applications. Advantages of utilizing the volumetric nature of these devices in high voltage, high power transistors and high quantum efficiency photodiodes are demonstrated.
T cell- and NK cell-independent inhibition of hepatic metastases by systemic administration of an IL-12-expressing recombinant adenovirus. (1998)

IL-12 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been shown to mediate tumor regression in a variety of tumor models. We describe the construction of AdCMV-IL-12, a recombinant adenovirus that encodes both subunits of IL-12 under transcriptional control of the CMV promoter. This recombinant virus efficiently infects a wide variety of cell types leading to the production of high levels of biologically active IL-12. Because the liver is a primary site of infection after i.v.-administered adenovirus, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of this virus in a murine hepatic metastasis tumor model. Systemic administration of AdCMV-IL-12 dramatically inhibited the formation of 3-day Renca hepatic metastases (mean of 16 metastases per liver) compared with the control virus AdCMV-betagal (mean of 209) or vehicle alone (mean of 272). Histologic analysis indicated that metastatic growth inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic perivascular infiltrate consisting of T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Therapeutic efficacy was not diminished in animals depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or in SCID mice, even after NK cell ablation. In the latter case, a hepatic perivascular infiltrate composed of macrophages and neutrophils was observed after AdCMV-IL-12-treatment, while numerous activated Kupffer cells were noted in the hepatic parenchyma. Analysis of therapy-induced changes in hepatic gene expression demonstrated increased levels of IP-10 and Mig RNAs, but no increase in iNOS, Fas, or FasL RNA levels was observed. Our data suggest a model of metastatic growth inhibition mediated by nonlymphocyte effector cells including macrophages and neutrophils and that may involve anti-angiogenic chemokines.
N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reverse the Impact of Early-Life Stress on the Gut Microbiota (2015)

In conclusion, EPA/DHA intervention alters the gut microbiota composition of both neurodevelopmentally normal and early-life stressed animals. This study offers insights into the interaction between n-3 PUFAs and gut microbes, which may play an important role in advancing our understanding of disorders of mood and cognitive functioning, such as anxiety and depression.
The Value of Oral Assessments: A Review (2010)

Oral assessments have been used as a form of examination for many years. Their strength rests on the examiners involved and the flexibility of the examination. They can be used to assess the depth and breadth of knowledge and are particularly effective in distinguishing outstanding candidates.