gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QoS scheduling of mixed priority non-real-time traffic (2002)

Non-real-time (NRT) services will constitute a majority of the services provided by third generation systems. The primary QoS parameter for NRT traffic flows is traffic handling priority (THP) which determines the ratios of specified class performance measures. Good system performance is generally defined by low latency and low likelihood of packet loss. The most common measure for latency is average packet delay; however, we show that this measure does not truly reflect the users perceived packet delay. Instead, we introduce effective packet delay which measures delay from the users perspective. Furthermore, we investigate the ability of existing priority and differential service scheduling algorithms to achieve the prescribed THPs for the above performance measures as well as the effect of varying channel bit rate on scheduler performance. Finally, we introduce a new scheduling algorithm, differential effective service, which outperforms existing schedulers with respect to effective packet delay and provide simulation results.
Accurate High-Resolution Measurements of 3-D Tissue Dynamics With Registration-Enhanced Displacement Encoded MRI (2014)

Displacement fields are important to analyze deformation, which is associated with functional and material tissue properties often used as indicators of health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques like DENSE and image registration methods like Hyperelastic Warping have been used to produce pixel-level deformation fields that are desirable in high-resolution analysis. However, DENSE can be complicated by challenges associated with image phase unwrapping, in particular offset determination. On the other hand, Hyperelastic Warping can be hampered by low local image contrast. The current work proposes a novel approach for measuring tissue displacement with both DENSE and Hyperelastic Warping, incorporating physically accurate displacements obtained by the latter to improve phase characterization in DENSE. The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated using numerical and physical phantoms, and in vivo small animal cardiac MRI.
Amplification of HER2 is a marker for global genomic instability (2008)

The poor prognosis associated with HER2 amplification may be attributed to global genomic instability as cells with high frequencies of chromosomal alterations have been associated with increased cellular proliferation and aggressive behavior. In addition, high levels of DNA damage may render tumor cells refractory to treatment. In addition, specific alterations at chromosomes 11q13, 16q22-q24, and 18q21, all of which have been associated with aggressive tumor behavior, may serve as genetic modifiers to HER2 amplification. These data not only improve our understanding of HER in breast pathogenesis but may allow more accurate risk profiles and better treatment options to be developed.
Decision boundaries in two dimensions for target detection in hyperspectral imagery (2009)

We present an approach to the problems of weak plume detection and sub-pixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery that operates in a two-dimensional space. In this space, one axis is a matched-filter projection of the data and the other axis is the magnitude of the residual after matched-filter subtraction. Although it is only two-dimensional, this space is rich enough to include several well-known signal detection algorithms, including the adaptive matched filter, the adaptive coherence estimator, and the finite-target matched filter. Because this space is only two-dimensional, adaptive machine learning methods can produce new plume detectors without being stymied by the curse of dimensionality. We investigate, in particular, the utility of the support vector machine for learning boundaries in this matched-filter-residual space, and compare the performance of the resulting nonlinearly adaptive detector to well-known alternatives.
Genebanks: A Comparison of Eight Proposed International Genetic Databases (2003)

Ambitious genebank projects have been proposed in numerous countries and provinces. The characteristics of the projects vary, but all intend to map genes for common diseases and hope to improve the health of the populations involved. The impact of these projects on understanding genetic susceptibility to disease will be increasingly apparent if the projects become operational. The ethical, legal, and social implications of the projects should be carefully considered during their development.
Aerobic Glycolysis Suppresses p53 Activity to Provide Selective Protection from Apoptosis upon Loss of Growth Signals or Inhibition of BCR-Abl (2010)

Unlike the growth factor dependence of normal cells, cancer cells can maintain growth factor-independent glycolysis and survival through expression of oncogenic kinases, such as BCR-Abl. Although targeted kinase inhibition can promote cancer cell death, therapeutic resistance develops frequently, and further mechanistic understanding is needed. Cell metabolism may be central to this cell death pathway, as we have shown that growth factor deprivation leads to decreased glycolysis that promotes apoptosis via p53 activation and induction of the proapoptotic protein Puma. Here, we extend these findings to show that elevated glucose metabolism, characteristic of cancer cells, can suppress protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)-dependent p53 activation to maintain cell survival after growth factor withdrawal. In contrast, DNA damage-induced p53 activation was PKCδ independent and was not metabolically sensitive. Both stresses required p53 Ser(18) phosphorylation for maximal activity but led to unique patterns of p53 target gene expression, showing distinct activation and response pathways for p53 that were differentially regulated by metabolism. Consistent with oncogenic kinases acting to replace growth factors, treatment of BCR-Abl-expressing cells with the kinase inhibitor imatinib led to reduced metabolism and p53- and Puma-dependent cell death. Accordingly, maintenance of glucose uptake inhibited p53 activation and promoted imatinib resistance. Furthermore, inhibition of glycolysis enhanced imatinib sensitivity in BCR-Abl-expressing cells with wild-type p53 but had little effect on p53-null cells. These data show that distinct pathways regulate p53 after DNA damage and metabolic stress and that inhibiting glucose metabolism may enhance the efficacy of and overcome resistance to targeted molecular cancer therapies.
Modeling Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Large Density and Velocity Changes (2005)

A model fully coupling the flow, species transport, and electrochemical kinetics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells is presented to explore operation undergoing very large density and velocity variations. Comparisons are also made to a previous constant-flow model, which neglects the mass source/sink from the continuity equation and assumes constant gas density. Numerical results reveal large density (>50%) and velocity (>80%) variations occurring in the anode at anode stoichiometry of 1.2. In addition, the hydrogen concentration remained as high as the inlet owing to deceleration of the anode gas flow. Finally, the constant-flow model is accurate within 14% under common operating conditions, i.e., for anode stoichiometry ranging from 1.2 to 2.0. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Bayesian Networks for the Analysis of Drug Safety (1993)

R. G. Cowell, A. P. Dawid, T. A. Hutchinson, S. Roden, D. J. Spiegelhalter, Bayesian Networks for the Analysis of Drug Safety, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The Statistician), Vol. 42, No. 4, Special Issue: Conference on Practical Bayesian Statistics, 1992 (1993), pp. 369-384
The JAK-STAT Pathway: Signal Transduction Involved in Proliferation, Differentiation and Transformation (1998)

STAT proteins become activated upon tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, are subsequently translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus where they exert DNA-binding activity. Several STAT binding consensus motifs have been identified in the promoters of distinct genes. These consensus elements mediate STAT recruitment and influence the kind of STAT proteins that are bound at a specific promoter site. Recent structure function analyses have revealed conserved amino terminal sequences to be crucial for phosphatase dependent deactivation of the STAT proteins. To date an increasing amount of data is available concerning the on- and off-regulation of STAT activity. Considerable convergence as well as crosstalk has been shown between the JAK-STAT pathway and the MAPK, RAS, PI3K, PKC, and PKA involving pathways. Moreover, the nature of the genes that are regulated by STAT proteins as well as the cell functions that result from STAT activation are of great current interest. Understanding the critical functional role of STAT mediated signalling events as well as their regulation by interfering pathways provides new insights into the mechanisms involved in malignant cell proliferation.
Constituents ofCannabis sativa L. XVIII—Electron voltage selected ion monitoring study of cannabinoids (1980)

Cannabis sativa L. contains more than 420 different constituents. Sixty-one of these constituents are cannabinoids. The electron voltage selected ion monitoring technique was used in the study of this unique group on natural compounds. Mass spectra of each compound were recorded at various eV settings (5.5-21 eV). The electron voltage selected ion recordings were obtained by plotting the relative intensities of characteristic fragment ions against electron voltage. The method was proven useful in the structure analysis of cannabinoids since it requires only minute quantities of sample. It was possible to recognize homologs and to differentiate positional and double bond isomers as well as cannabinoids with the same molecular weight.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (1997)

Recent contributions by Brookes (1990), Saunders (1992), and Inhaber and Saunders (1994) argue that cost‐effective improvements in energy efficiency may, in the long run, lead energy use to grow more rapidly than it would in a world of fixed technologies. Since efficiency improvements may be viewed as a form of technological change that both reduces the effective cost of energy services and stimulates economic activity, energy demand may, under some circumstances, rise even as energy productivity improves. This paper examines this hypothesis using a simple model that distinguishes the roles of energy and energy services in production activities. In this model, improved energy efficiency can‐not give rise to increased energy use unless: (i) energy costs dominate the total cost of energy services and (ii) expenditures on energy services constitute a large share of economic activity. Since neither of these assumptions is empirically plausible, the paper concludes that energy efficiency improvements will yield long‐run reductions in energy use under the assumptions of the model.
Comparison of liquid crystalline properties of dimeric compounds of different skeletal shapes (2001)

Series of dimeric compounds of different skeletal shapes consisting of two triad aromatic ester type mesogenic moieties connected via polymethylene spacers were synthesized and their liquid crystalline properties compared. The two mesogenic units are connected in either Hor T-shape or in linear fashion. In general, it was found that mesophase temperature ranges for the T- and linear-shaped compounds are much wider than for the H-shaped compounds. Moreover, the former are enantiotropic thermotropic materials, whereas the latter tend to be monotropic unless the spacer length is fairly long, i.e. longer than decamethylene. Among the three series, the linearly linked twin compounds had the highest melting and isotropization temperatures. All of the linear and T-shaped dimeric compounds reported in this article form only nematic mesophases.
Xq28‐linked noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium: Prenatal diagnosis and pathologic analysis of affected individuals (1997)

Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INVM) is characterized by the presence of numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses within the left ventricle, sometimes also affecting the right ventricle and interventricular septum. Familial occurrence of this disorder was described previously. We present a family in which 6 affected individuals demonstrated X-linked recessive inheritance of this trait. Affected relatives presented postnatally with left ventricular failure and arrhythmias, associated with the pathognomonic echocardiographic findings of INVM. The usual findings of Barth syndrome (neutropenia, growth retardation, elevated urinary organic acids, low carnitine levels, and mitochondrial abnormalities) were either absent or found inconsistently. Fetal echocardiograms obtained between 24–30 weeks of gestation in 3 of the affected males showed a dilated left ventricle in one heart, but were not otherwise diagnostic of INVM in any of the cases. Four of the affected individuals died during infancy, one is in cardiac failure at age 8 months, and one is alive following cardiac transplant at age 9 months. The hearts from infants who died or underwent transplantation appeared, on gross examination, to be enlarged, with coarse, deep ventricular trabeculations and prominent endocardial fibroelastosis. Histologically, there were loosely organized fascicles of myocytes in subepicardial and midmyocardial zones of both ventricles, and the myocytes showed thin, often angulated fibers with prominent central clearing and reduced numbers of filaments. Markedly elongated mitochondria were present in some ventricular myocytes from one specimen, but this finding was not reproducible. Genetic linkage analysis has localized INVM to the Xq28 region, where other myopathies with cardiac involvement have been located. Am. J. Med. Genet. 72:257–265, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficient solar-driven water splitting by nanocone BiVO <sub>4</sub> -perovskite tandem cells (2016)

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has been widely regarded as a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its low cost, its high stability against photocorrosion, and its relatively narrow band gap of 2.4 eV. However, the achieved performance of the BiVO4 photoanode remains unsatisfactory to date because its short carrier diffusion length restricts the total thickness of the BiVO4 film required for sufficient light absorption. We addressed the issue by deposition of nanoporous Mo-doped BiVO4 (Mo:BiVO4) on an engineered cone-shaped nanostructure, in which the Mo:BiVO4 layer with a larger effective thickness maintains highly efficient charge separation and high light absorption capability, which can be further enhanced by multiple light scattering in the nanocone structure. As a result, the nanocone/Mo:BiVO4/Fe(Ni)OOH photoanode exhibits a high water-splitting photocurrent of 5.82 ± 0.36 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under 1-sun illumination. We also demonstrate that the PEC cell in tandem with a single perovskite solar cell exhibits unassisted water splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of up to 6.2%.
Ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of <i>Saponaria officinalis</i> L. (soapwort), of <i>Agrostemma githago</i> L. (corn cockle) and of <i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L. (asparagus), and from the latex of <i>Hura crepitans</i> L. (sandbox tree) (1983)

Ribosome-inactivating proteins, similar to those already known [Barbieri & Stirpe (1982) Cancer Surveys 1, 489-520] were purified from the seeds of Saponaria officinalis (two proteins), of Agrostemma githago (three proteins), and of Asparagus officinalis (three proteins), and from the latex of Hura crepitans (one protein). The yield ranged from 8 to 400 mg/100 g of starting material. All proteins have an Mr of approx. 30000 and an alkaline isoelectric point. Their sugar content varies from 0 (proteins from S. officinalis) to 40% (protein from H. crepitans). The ribosome-inactivating proteins inhibit protein synthesis by rabbit reticulocyte lysate, the ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) ranging from 1 ng/ml (a protein from S. officinalis) to 18 ng/ml (a protein from A. githago). Those which were tested (the proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago) also inhibit polymerization of phenylalanine by isolated ribosomes, acting in an apparently catalytic manner. The protein from H. crepitans inhibited protein synthesis by HeLa cells, with an ID50 of 4 micrograms/ml, whereas the proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago had an ID50 of more than 50-100 micrograms/ml. The ribosome-inactivating proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago reduced the number of local lesions by tobacco-mosaic virus in the leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa.
Status of Transrectal Ultrasound Imaging of the Prostate (2010)

The new US techniques seem to have the potential to improve PCa detection, and also PCa grading and staging. As these diagnostic methods improve, the ultimate hope is to eliminate biopsy in patients without cancer.
Differential Effects of Three Enteral Dietary Regimens on Selected Outcome Variables in Burn Patients (1990)

A modular tube feeding recipe (MTF) was designed to meet the unique nutritional needs of burn patients, applying principles previously documented in our burned guinea pig model. MTF, a high-protein, low-fat, linoleic acid-restricted formulation is enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, cysteine, histidine, vitamin A, zinc, and ascorbic acid. Fifty patients, 3 to 76 years of age with burns ranging from 10 to 89% total body surface area were prospectively randomized into three groups which blindly compared MTF to two enteral regimens widely utilized in the nutritional support of burns. Age, percent total and third-degree burn, resting energy expenditure, and calorie and protein intake were similar in all groups. Data analysis demonstrated significant superiority of MTF in the reduction of wound infection (p less than 0.03) and length of stay/percent burn (p less than 0.02). MTF was also associated with a decreased incidence of diarrhea, improved glucose tolerance, lower serum triglycerides, reduced total number of infectious episodes and trends toward improved preservation of muscle mass, although statistical significance was not achieved. Seventy percent of deaths occurred in the group supported with an inherently large dose of fat and linoleic acid. Combining these observations, it is believed that MTF is effective in modulating an improved response to burn injury.
HucMSC-Exosome Mediated-Wnt4 Signaling Is Required for Cutaneous Wound Healing (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Ex) play important roles in tissue injury repair, however, the roles of MSC-Ex in skin damage repair and its mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, we examined the benefit of human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosome (hucMSC-Ex) in cutaneous wound healing using a rat skin burn model. We found that hucMSC-Ex-treated wounds exhibited significantly accelerated re-epithelialization, with increased expression of CK19, PCNA, collagen I (compared to collagen III) in vivo. HucMSC-Ex promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of skin cells after heat-stress in vitro. We also discovered that Wnt4 was contained in hucMSC-Ex, and hucMSC-Ex-derived Wnt4 promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation and activity to enhance proliferation and migration of skin cells, which could be reversed by β-catenin inhibitor ICG001. In vivo studies confirmed that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin by hucMSC-Ex played a key role in wound re-epithelialization and cell proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of Wnt4 in hucMSC-Ex abrogated β-catenin activation and skin cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic effects were also inhibited when the expression of Wnt4 in hucMSC-Ex was interfered. In addition, the activation of AKT pathway by hucMSC-Ex was associated with the reduction of heat stress-induced apoptosis in rat skin burn model. Collectively, our findings indicate that exosome-delivered Wnt4 provides new aspects for the therapeutic strategy of MSCs in cutaneous wound healing. Stem Cells 2015;33:2158-2168.
A Tetrahedrally Coordinated L<sub>3</sub>Fe−N<i><sub>x</sub></i> Platform that Accommodates Terminal Nitride (Fe<sup>IV</sup>⋮N) and Dinitrogen (Fe<sup>I</sup>−N<sub>2</sub>−Fe<sup>I</sup>) Ligands (2004)

A tetrahedrally coordinated L3Fe-Nx platform that accommodates both terminal nitride (L3FeIVN) and dinitrogen (L3FeI-N2-FeIL3) functionalities is described. The diamagnetic L3FeIVN species featured has been characterized in solution under ambient conditions by multinuclear NMR (1H, 31P, and 15N) and infrared spectroscopy. The electronic structure of the title complex has also been explored using DFT. The terminal nitride complex oxidatively couples to generate the previously reported L3FeI-N2-FeIL3 species. This reaction constitutes a six-electron transformation mediated by two iron centers. Reductive protonation of the nitride complex releases NH3 as a significant reaction product.
Compositional Depth Profile of a Native Oxide LPCVD MNOS Structure Using X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Chemical Etching (1983)

A compositional profile of a native oxide LPCVD MNOS structure has been obtained by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy used in conjunction with a stopped‐flow chemical etching procedure. A depth resolution of 5–10Å was achieved. Stoichiometric was found in the bulk with about 0.4 atomic percent (a/o) oxygen impurity. In contrast to profiles completed by other techniques, was found intact at the interface; complete conversion of oxide to oxynitride during LPCVD did not occur. The oxide/nitride interface is best described as sharp; the oxygen concentration drops by 80% in less than 8Å. There is also a diffuse oxynitride gradient extending into the film, but the oxygen concentration in this region is quite low. Evidence was also found for an 8Å layer containing excess bonds to silicon between the oxide and nitride layers. Possible charge trap structures that might limit device performance are discussed along with processing suggestions aimed at minimizing the formation of traps.
Studies on the Structure Change of Polymer Solids by the Fluorescence Methods (1970)

Abstract The molecular orientation behavior and molecular motions in polymer solids were investigated utilizing the photoluminescence phenomena. The basic principles of the fluorescence methods were given and the unique features of those methods were discussed with examples of application in the study of the structure of polymer solids. From the angular distribution of the polarized components of fluorescence emitted from the specimen the molecular orientation patterns were ascertained. Examples were given for molecular orientation patterns observed during the deformation of films of polyvinylalcohol and polypropylene. The molecular motions of the relaxation time in the range of 10 −12 sec to 10 −6 sec were studied using the lifetime of excitation of fluorescent molecules as the reference time scale. The molecular motions in polyethylene melts were investigated by the rotational depolarization of fluorescence. The multiple transitions in polystyrene and polyvinylalcohol were studied by introducing fluorescent molecules capable of internal rotation. The application of excimer emission phenomenon in the study of molecular structure was also discussed.