gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of photocarcinogenesis by topical administration of pure epigallocatechin gallate isolated from green tea (1996)

Topical application of purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic antioxidant isolated from green tea, inhibited photocarcinogenesis in BALB/cAnNHsd mice with no visible toxicity. Mice were treated with 0, 10, or 50 mg of EGCG in 200 microliters of acetone three times weekly for three weeks before ultraviolet (UV) treatments began and throughout the experiment. UV radiation consisted of five 30-minute exposures per week to banks of six FS40 Westinghouse sunlamps for 25 weeks. In the photocarcinogenesis study, mice received a total dose of approximately 2.1 x 10(6) J/m2. Skin cancer incidence in UV-irradiated mice was 96% at 28 weeks after the first UV treatment; EGCG at 10 or 50 mg reduced this incidence to 62% and 29%, respectively. UV-induced immunosuppression, assessed by the inability of UVB-irradiated mice to reject a syngeneic antigenic tumor, was not influenced by topical EGCG. Oral administration of 0, 100, or 500 mg of pure EGCG per liter of drinking water (approximately 0, 0.56, or 2.8 mg/day, respectively) did not decrease UV-induced skin tumor incidence, rate of primary tumor growth, or inability to reject antigenic tumors. Thus induction of skin tumors by UV radiation was significantly reduced by topical, but not by oral, administration of purified EGCG through a mechanism distinct from inhibition of photoimmunosuppression.
Chemokine Production by Buccal Epithelium as a Distinctive Feature of Pediatric Crohn Disease (2006)

Buccal epithelium of children with Crohn disease is immunologically active, even in the absence of oral lesions. The enhanced chemokine production is associated with pediatric Crohn disease and appears restricted to cells derived from the epithelial barrier. Assessment of chemokine production by buccal epithelial cells may become a new, rapid, noninvasive test for screening and classification of IBD in children.
Chorionic gonadotropin in weight control. A double-blind crossover study (1976)

Two hundred two patients participated in a double-blind random crossover study of the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) vs placebo in a weight reduction program. Serial measurements were made of weight, skin-fold thickness, dropout rates, reasons for dropping out, and patient subjective response. There was no statistically significant difference between those receiving HCG vs placebo during any phase of this study (<i>P</i>>.1). (<i>JAMA</i>236:2495-2497, 1976)
Kypriaka II-III (1966)

Masson Olivier. Kypriaka II-III. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 90, livraison 1, 1966. pp. 1-31.
La participación hecha por contador partidor: cuestiones prácticas (1998)

Using routine clinical observations, we developed a simple score that accurately predicted the risk of PH in SSc.
A nonparametric approach to segmentation of ladar images (2012)

Abstract : The advent of advanced laser radar (ladar) systems that record full-waveform signal data has inspired numerous inquisitions which aspire to extract additional, previously unavailable, information about the illuminated scene from the collected data. The quality of the information, however, is often related to the limitations of the ladar camera used to collect the data. This research project uses full-waveform analysis of ladar signals, and basic principles of optics, to propose a new formulation for an accepted signal model. A new waveform model taking into account backscatter reflectance is the key to overcoming specific deficiencies of the ladar camera at hand, namely the ability to discern pulse-spreading effects of elongated targets. A concert of non-parametric statistics and familiar image processing methods are used to calculate the orientation angle of the illuminated objects, and the deficiency of the hardware is circumvented. Segmentation of the various ladar images performed as part of the angle estimation, and this is shown to be a new and effective strategy for analyzing the output of the AFIT ladar camera.
Mass spectra of <i>ortho</i> substituted 1‐phenyl‐2‐thioureas (1977)

Abstract The mass spectra of some 1‐( o ‐alkylphenyl)‐2‐thioureas have been investigated and deuterium labelling shows that the proton lost in the SH⋅ abstraction originates from the α‐hydrogens in the o ‐alkyl group. The intensity of the fragment ion formed by loss of the o ‐alkyl group increases with the stability of the corresponding alkyl radical.
Probabilistic Modeling-Based Vessel Enhancement in Thoracic CT Scans (2005)

Vessel enhancement in volumetric data is a necessary prerequisite in various medical imaging applications with particular importance for automated nodule detection. Ideally, vessel enhancement filters should enhance vessels and vessel junctions while suppressing nodules and other non-vessel elements. A distinction between vessels and nodules is normally obtained through eigenvalue analysis of the curvature tensor which is a second order differential quantity and so is sensitive to noise. Furthermore, by relying on principal curvatures alone, existing vessel enhancement filters are incapable of distinguishing between nodules and vessel junctions. In this paper we propose probabilistic vessel models from which novel vessel enhancement filters capable of enhancing junctions while suppressing nodules are derived. The proposed filters are based on eigenvalue analysis of the structure tensor which is a first order differential quantity and so are less sensitive to noise. The proposed filters are evaluated and compared to known techniques based on actual clinical data.
Using Dielectric Dispersion Logging to Calculate the Parameters of Archie's Law (2016)

Abstract Dielectric logging is used in oil and gas exploration for estimating the hydrocarbon content of the reservoir and rock texture. This information is essential for making decisions on development and production of reservoirs. This paper looks at using dielectric dispersive behavior of formation and how it can be related to widely used parameters of Archie's law in petro-physics. In dielectric logging, the electromagnetic properties, permittivity and conductivity of the formation are obtained over a frequency range. These properties exhibit a variation with respect to frequency, which is called dispersion. The dispersive behavior of formation as a whole is different from that of its constituents; water, oil and dry rock. This dispersive data can be used to obtain various petrophysical properties like water saturation, water resistivity and rock texture. Alternatively, Archie's law is widely used to relate the resistivity of formation to the resistivity of water, porosity and water saturation. The so-called Archie parameters, cementation and saturation constants, are widely used in petrophysics. This paper discusses a novel approach that uses the dielectric dispersive behavior of a formation to provide a link to parameters of Archie's law. There exist many mixing laws that predict the dielectric dispersive behavior of a rock as a mixture of water, oil and dry rock. The proposed approach can be applied to any mixing law to provide parameters of Archie's law. Detailed derivation of the Archie's parameters from known dispersive laws is provided through examples. The method is applied to published data on dispersive behavior of sample rocks and its prediction of Archie's parameters is compared with the values obtained from experiment. The proposed method is capable of relating textural parameters of rock used in mixing laws to Archie's parameters.
Hardware/software cost analysis of interrupt processing strategies (2001)

A new study compares the architectural design and implementation costs of five strategies that let pipelined processors support precise interrupts. Hardware dominates the cost of all strategies except checkpoint repair, which, depending on the implementation, can incur either high software or hardware costs.
Filling the THz gap—high power sources and applications (2005)

Electromagnetic waves centred at a frequency of 1 THz lie between photonics on the one hand and electronics on the other, and are very hard to generate and detect. However, since the THz part of the spectrum is energetically equivalent to many important physical, chemical and biological processes including superconducting gaps and protein dynamical processes, it is of great interest to facilitate experimental research in this region. This has stimulated major steps in the past decade for filling this gap in the usable spectrum. In this review paper we describe the evolution of a new generation of sources that boost the average power available in the THz region by more than a million-fold, making this region routinely accessible for the first time. This is achieved using two enhancement factors, namely relativistic electrons and super-radiance. We will also point to the scientific potential for discovery that is now enabled in this region.
A PFM based digital pixel with off-pixel residue measurement for 15μm pitch MWIR FPAs (2016)

Digital pixels based on pulse frequency modulation (PFM) employ counting techniques to achieve very high charge handling capability compared to their analog counterparts. Moreover, extended counting methods making use of leftover charge (residue) on the integration capacitor help improve the noise performance of these pixels. However, medium wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) having smaller pixel pitch are constrained in terms of pixel area which makes it difficult to add extended counting circuitry to the pixel. Thus, this paper investigates the performance of digital pixels employing off-pixel residue measurement. A circuit prototype of such a pixel has been designed for 15μm pixel pitch and fabricated in 90nm CMOS. The prototype is composed of a pixel front-end based on a PFM loop. The frontend is a modified version of conventional design providing a means for buffering the signal that needs to be converted to a digital value by an off-pixel ADC. The pixel has an integration phase and a residue measurement phase. Measured integration performance of the pixel has been reported in this paper for various detector currents and integration times.
Probabilistic non-intrusive quality assessment of speech for bounded-scale preference scores (2010)

We propose a probabilistic, non-intrusive method for quality assessment of speech that takes into consideration the bounded character of the preference scores. The quality ratings are modeled as iid Beta random variables, whose mean and precision are parametrized directly in terms of the signal features. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to learn the model parameters in view of a training database. Given a valuation point, the proposed model produces a distribution over the range of allowed quality ratings, which can be used to evaluate the statistics of interest. The model performance, in terms of correlation and root mean square error, compares favorably to the state-of-the-art in the field. Low computational complexity in training and prediction make the model attractive for a wide range of applications. The usage of band-based features in the feature set facilitates extension of the proposed model to input signals with larger bandwidth.
Tau Isoform Composition Influences Rate and Extent of Filament Formation (2012)

The risk of developing tauopathic neurodegenerative disease depends in part on the levels and composition of six naturally occurring Tau isoforms in human brain. These proteins, which form filamentous aggregates in disease, vary only by the presence or absence of three inserts encoded by alternatively spliced exons 2, 3, and 10 of the Tau gene (MAPT). To determine the contribution of alternatively spliced segments to Tau aggregation propensity, the aggregation kinetics of six unmodified, recombinant human Tau isoforms were examined in vitro using electron microscopy assay methods. Aggregation propensity was then compared at the level of elementary rate constants for nucleation and extension phases. We found that all three alternatively spliced segments modulated Tau aggregation but through differing kinetic mechanisms that could synergize or compete depending on sequence context. Overall, segments encoded by exons 2 and 10 promoted aggregation, whereas the segment encoded by exon 3 depressed it with its efficacy dependent on the presence or absence of a fourth microtubule binding repeat. In general, aggregation propensity correlated with genetic risk reported for multiple tauopathies, implicating aggregation as one candidate mechanism rationalizing the correlation between Tau expression patterns and disease.
후박나무 10개 천연집단의 엽형질 변이 (2011)

후박나무의 유전자원보존을 위하여 10개 천연집단을 대상으로 9가지 엽의 형태적 특성에 대한 집단간 및 집단내 개체간 변이를 조사하고 다변량분석을 실시하였다. 엽의 평균 생장은 엽신장 9.8cm, 최대엽폭 4.0cm, 엽병길이 1.8cm, 엽맥수 8.4개, 엽저각 67.9˚, 엽두각 78.0˚로 나타났다. 각 형질특성에 대한 변이계수 값은 대체적으로 20% 내외의 비교적 유사한 특성을 나타냈다. Nested 분산분석 결과 모든 특성에서 집단간 및 개체간에 고도의 유의적인 차이가 인정되었으며, 전체 분산 가운데 집단간보다 집단내 개체간 차지하는 비율이 모든 특성들에서 높게 나타났다. 집단간 유연관계는 Euclidean distance 1.2 수준에서 크게 4개의 그룹으로 나뉘었으나 지리적 분포에 따른 특별한 경향은 나타나지 않았다. 유집군의 유형에 대한 주성분분석 결과 제3주성분까지가 누적변이 값이 92.8%로 나타났다. 제1주성분의 기여율은 40.3%로 대체적으로 최대엽폭, 제2주성분의 기여율은 28.7%로 엽신장, 제3주성분의 기여율은 23.8%로 엽병길이 특성의 기여도가 높게 나타나 후박나무 집단간 유연관계에 중요한 정보를 주는 요인으로 나타났다.
Control of a robotic manipulating arm by a neural network simulation of the human cerebral and cerebellar cortical processes (1991)

The authors propose a system commanding a robotic manipulating arm under visual control, based on brain modeling. In this model, the movement command is learned by a network which links two subsystems together: a cerebral subsystem which can learn a goal, and a second subsystem responsible for quantitative adjustments and coordination. Those two subsystems are complementary because each subsystem is necessary for fast learning and participates in the final overall task performance. The neural network model described is based on known architectural and functional properties of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. In each cortical structure, it is possible to define a basic crystalline unit, consisting of several neuronal types, which recurs throughout the structure. Computer simulation suggests how cellular mechanisms in these two structures may be responsible for two different types of adaptive process and how their mutual interactions can produce automatic and refined motor sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital ground bounce reduction by phase modulation of the clock (2004)

The digital switching noise that propagates through the chip substrate to the analogue circuitry on the same chip is a major limitation for mixed-signal SoC integration. In synchronous digital systems, digital circuits switch simultaneously on the clock edge, hereby generating a large ground bounce. In order to reduce the spectral peaks in the ground bounce spectrum, we combine the two techniques: (1) phase modulation of the clock; and (2) introducing intended clock skews to spread the switching activities. Experimental results show around 16 dB reductions in the spectral peaks of the noise spectrum when these two techniques are combined. These two techniques are believed to be good candidates for the development of methodologies for digital low-noise design techniques in future CMOS technologies.
Possible Identity of Kallikrein Binding Protein with Protein C Inhibitor (1992)

Protein C inhibitor (PCI) inhibits tissue kallikrein by forming stable 1:1 complexes (k1 = 2.3 x 10(4)M-1s-1). Heparin inhibits the tissue kallikrein/PCI-interaction and complex formation of 125I-tissue kallikrein in serum. 125I-tissue kallikrein complexes formed in plasma can be immunoprecipitated with monoclonal anti-PCI IgG suggesting that PCI might be identical to the kallikrein binding protein described previously (J. Chao et al. 1986, Biochem. J. 239, 325-331).
Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer: A New Paradigm (2011)

Subtypes of gastric cancer that have epidemiologic and histologic distinctions are also distinguished by gene expression data. These preliminary data suggest a new classification of gastric cancer with implications for improving our understanding of disease biology and identification of unique molecular drivers for each gastric cancer subtype.
Preparation of 4-[Bis(<i>tert</i>-butoxy)phosphorylmethyl]-<i>N</i>-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-DL-phenylalanine. A Hydrolytically Stable Analogue of<i>O</i>-Phosphotyrosine Potentially Suitable for Peptide Synthesis (1991)

Sodium methoxide catalyzed aldol condensation of ethyl α-azidoacetate with 4-[bis-(tert-butoxy)phosphorylmethyl]benzaldehyde (4) provides methyl α-azido-4-[bis(tert-butoxy)phosphorymethyl]cinnamate (5), which undergoes facile hydrogenation in the presence of 10% palladium on carbon to yield methyl 4-[bis(tert-butoxy)phosphorylmethyl]-DL-phenylalaninate (6). Hydrolysis of the methyl ester by brief treatment 1N sodium hydroxide in dioxane, followed by reaction with 1-benzotriazolyl 9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc-OBT) at pH 8 cleanly provides 4-[bis(tert-butoxy) phosphorylmethyl]-N-Fmoc-DL-phenylalanine (3), an orthogonally protected derivative potentially suitable for utilization in the synthesis of peptides containing a hydrolytically stable mimetic of O-phosphotyrosine.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIFLUOROMETHYL KETONE HYDRATION. SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS OF AMINO GROUPS AND THE HYDRATING PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1983)

Abstract Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Hydratisierung des Acetophenons (Ia) in DzO‐ bzw. HgO‐DMSO‐Gemischen zeigen, daß bis zu einem Gehalt von 80% DMSO die Hydratisierung leichter erfolgt als in reinem H 2 O. Für (Ib) verringert sich die Hydratisierung mit abnehmendem H 2 O‐ Gehalt.
Strong negative thermal expansion in siliceous faujasite (1998)

Strong isotropic negative thermal expansion (α = –4.2 × 10–6 K–1) found for siliceous faujasite over a temperature range of 25 to 573 K is attributed to transverse vibrations of the bridging oxygen atoms, a model supported by structural refinements of X-ray diffraction data as a function of temperature.
A Heating Planet: Demanding Urgent Attention! (2021)

The likely impact of heat waves on mortality and economic consequences of wet bulb temperatures especially in urban areas and insurance sector. The Climate Crisis triggered by us humans has put the Planet on a boil. Not only is the resultant heat adversely impacting us but it is also nudging risk mitigation to adapt to the new demands. Here is a quick overview in general and a call for addressing the serious implications for India in particular - which is likely to be the worst affected.
An efficient synthesis of 4-acyl-5-hydroxy-3-methylisoxazoles through an acyl-transfer reaction. (1986)

Acylation of 3-methyl-3-isoxazolin-5-one (2a) with acyl chlorides was investigated. 2-Acyl-3-methyl-3-isoxazolin-5-ones 5 and 5-acyloxy-3-methylisoxazoles 6, which were prepared from 2a and acyl halides, underwent acyl-transfer reaction in the presence of 4-(N, N-dimethylamino)-pyridine or potassium carbonate to give 4-acyl-5-hydroxy-3-methylisoxazoles 4. By using this reaction, 4-(2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methylisoxazole (4h), which can be viewed as a bioisostere of the herbicidal compound, 4-(2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1, 3-dimethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole (1a), was synthesized.
Particle Diffusion in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Bacterial Bath (2000)

We study the effect of bacterial motion on micron-scale beads in a freely suspended soap film. Given the sizes of bacteria and beads, the geometry of the experiment is quasi-two-dimensional. Large positional fluctuations are observed for beads as large as 10 microm in diameter, and the measured mean-square displacements indicate superdiffusion in short times and normal diffusion in long times. Though the phenomenon is similar to Brownian motions of small particles, its physical origin is different and can be attributed to the collective dynamics of bacteria.
Facile Synthesis of Peptidyl Salicylaldehyde Esters and Its Use in Cyclic Peptide Synthesis (2013)

An efficient solid phase synthetic protocol for salicylaldehyde ester peptides is reported. With a Ser or Thr at the N-terminus, these salicylaldehyde ester peptides can be easily converted to Ser/Thr containing cyclic peptides.
Fluorescence-lifetime determination in tissues or other scattering media from measurement of excitation and emission kinetics (1996)

Measurements of nanosecond and subnanosecond fluorescence lifetimes are restricted to dilute, nonscattering systems since excitation and emission photon times of flight significantly affect measured fluorescent decay kinetics. We provide the theoretical rationale for frequency-domain measurements of phase-shift and amplitude demodulation made at excitation and emission wavelengths for direct determination of lifetimes in tissues and other scattering media. We confirm our analytical expressions using standard laser dyes such as 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide, IR- 125, and IR- 140 in polystyrene suspensions with similar scattering properties as tissues. Our results have significant implication for lifetime-based spectroscopy in tissues and other scattering media.
HiNF-P Directly Links the Cyclin E/CDK2/p220 <sup>NPAT</sup> Pathway to Histone H4 Gene Regulation at the G <sub>1</sub> /S Phase Cell Cycle Transition (2005)

Genome replication in eukaryotic cells necessitates the stringent coupling of histone biosynthesis with the onset of DNA replication at the G1/S phase transition. A fundamental question is the mechanism that links the restriction (R) point late in G1 with histone gene expression at the onset of S phase. Here we demonstrate that HiNF-P, a transcriptional regulator of replication-dependent histone H4 genes, interacts directly with p220(NPAT), a substrate of cyclin E/CDK2, to coactivate histone genes during S phase. HiNF-P and p220 are targeted to, and colocalize at, subnuclear foci (Cajal bodies) in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Genetic or biochemical disruption of the HiNF-P/p220 interaction compromises histone H4 gene activation at the G1/S phase transition and impedes cell cycle progression. Our results show that HiNF-P and p220 form a critical regulatory module that directly links histone H4 gene expression at the G1/S phase transition to the cyclin E/CDK2 signaling pathway at the R point.
Matrix Rigidity Induces Osteolytic Gene Expression of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells (2010)

Nearly 70% of breast cancer patients with advanced disease will develop bone metastases. Once established in bone, tumor cells produce factors that cause changes in normal bone remodeling, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). While enhanced expression of PTHrP is known to stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone, the environmental factors driving tumor cells to express PTHrP in the early stages of development of metastatic bone disease are unknown. In this study, we have shown that tumor cells known to metastasize to bone respond to 2D substrates with rigidities comparable to that of the bone microenvironment by increasing expression and production of PTHrP. The cellular response is regulated by Rho-dependent actomyosin contractility mediated by TGF-ß signaling. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) using both pharmacological and genetic approaches decreased PTHrP expression. Furthermore, cells expressing a dominant negative form of the TGF-ß receptor did not respond to substrate rigidity, and inhibition of ROCK decreased PTHrP expression induced by exogenous TGF-ß. These observations suggest a role for the differential rigidity of the mineralized bone microenvironment in early stages of tumor-induced osteolysis, which is especially important in metastatic cancer since many cancers (such as those of the breast and lung) preferentially metastasize to bone.