gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal localization of the NotI clones from human chromosome 3 on quail microchromosomes (2007)

For the purpose of comparative mapping of quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and human (Homo sapiens) genomes, DNA fragments from human chromosome 3 (HSA3p14-21 and HSA3q13-23) were localized on quail mitotic chromosomes. Using the method of double-color fluorescence DNA-DNA in situ hybridization, these fragments were mapped to two different microchromosomes. Earlier, similar studies were performed using chicken mitotic chromosomes. There it was demonstrated that the clones of interest were distributed among three microchromosomes (GGA12, GGA14, and GGA15). Thus, interspecific difference in the location of human chromosome 3 DNA fragments in the genomes of closely related avian species was discovered. A new confirmation of the hypothesis on the preferable localization of the gene-rich human chromosome regions on avian microchromosomes was obtained. At the same time, a suggestion on the localization of some orthologous genes in the genome of the organism under study was made: ARF4, SCN5A, PHF7, ABHD6, ZDHHC3, MAPKAPK3, ADSYNA (homolog of chicken chromosome 12), DRD2, PP2C-ETA, RAB7, CCKAR, and PKD1 (homolog of chicken chromosome 15). However, localization of the corresponding quail genes needs to be confirmed, as far as the sequences used were only the orthologs of the corresponding chicken genes.
Visual Pattern Discrimination (1962)

Visual discrimination experiments were conducted using unfamiliar displays generated by a digital computer. The displays contained two side-by-side fields with different statistical, topological or heuristic properties. Discrimination was defined as that spontaneous visual process which gives the immediate impression of two distinct fields. The condition for such discrimination was found to be based primarily on clusters or lines formed by proximate points of uniform brightness. A similar rule of connectivity with hue replacing brightness was obtained by using varicolored dots of equal subjective brightness. The limitations in discriminating complex line structures were also investigated.
Ovarian transplantation by selective microvascular anastomoses in the rabbit (1982)

Autotransplantation of the ovary by microvascular anastomoses was performed in 42 rabbits by three different procedures: orthotopic replantation with selective end-to-end anastomoses of the ovarian vessels; heterotopic transplantation in the groin area, with anastomosis of the ovarian vessels on the inferior epigastric vessels; heterotopic transplantation in the groin with the ovary included in a peritoneal sac to prevent adhesions. Three weeks later, at day 3 of a pseudo-pregnancy, the grafts were examined and morphology, presence of adhesions and ovulation were compared with those of a control group. The long-term vascular patency rate was 78%. The ovulation rate was 71.5% in the orthotopic group, 50% in the heterotopic group and 83.5% in the heterotopic group with the ovary in a peritoneal sac. Subcutaneous transplantation of the ovary within a peritoneal sac provides a new and useful experimental model for the study of tubo-ovarian function and for recovery of postovulatory oocytes.
Analysis of a Self-Organizing Algorithm for Energy Saving in Data Centers (2013)

The Cloud computing paradigm allows users to satisfy their increasing need for on-demand and remote computational services. These services are provided by data centers that often consume a huge amount of electrical power. Recently the ecoCloud algorithm has been proposed as a solution for saving energy by consolidating Virtual Machines on as few servers as possible, so as to hibernate the remaining servers and save energy. The ecoCloud approach founds on probabilistic processes: mapping and migration of VMs are driven by Bernoulli trials whose success probability depends on the utilization of single servers. These processes are self-organizing and decentralized, which makes them particularly efficient in large data centers. While in previous work the performance evaluation of ecoCloud was based on artificial traces, in this paper, a mathematical analysis is presented along with simulations fed with logs of real VMs. Results show that efficiency is very close to the theoretical minimum and comparable to that of one of the best centralized algorithms devised so far; in addition, ecoCloud notably reduces the frequency of events, such as VM migrations and server switches, that can deteriorate the quality of service.
Reversibility of bronchial marked atypia: implication for chemoprevention. (1986)

Marked atypia (MA) is considered to represent a late stage in the sequence of cellular changes leading to carcinoma. In 1974 we undertook a sputum cytology (SC) survey of uranium workers (UW) and controls (Cancer 1980; 45:1273). Sixteen cases of MA (four with cells suspicious of malignancy) were diagnosed among the initial cohort of 292 male smokers; 11/172 (6.4%) underground UW; 4/78 (5%) surface UW; and 1/42 (2.4%) male controls. Follow up consisted of at least three yearly SC; in addition, selective segmental fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed yearly for the first 3 years of observation. Three of the four-cases with marked atypia and suspicious malignant cells developed lung cancer. The remaining cases were followed for an average duration of 54 months; all 13 reverted to mild atypia or to normal cytologies. The high frequency of reversibility of MA will cause difficulties in interpreting results of chemoprevention trials if MA is used as the sole marker of effect. Chemoprevention trials should focus on differences in cancer incidence rates between treated and control groups at high risk of developing lung cancer and not on the reversibility of MA as the sole marker of effect.
The strength of the HIV-1 3' splice sites affects Rev function (2006)

Under the conditions of our assay, the rate limiting step of retroviral splicing, competing with Rev function, seems to be exclusively determined by the functional strength of the 3' splice site. The bipartite ASF/SF2-dependent ESE within HIV-1 exon 2 supports cross-talk between splice site pairs across exon 2 (exon definition) which is incompatible with processing of the intron-containing vif mRNA. We propose that Rev mediates a switch from exon to intron definition necessary for the expression of all intron-containing mRNAs.
The Nornet Edge platform for mobile broadband measurements (2014)

We present Nornet Edge (NNE), a dedicated infrastructure for measurements and experimentation in mobile broadband networks. NNE is unprecedented in size, consisting of more than 400 measurement nodes geographically distributed all over Norway. Each measurement node is a Linux-based embedded computer, and is connected to multiple mobile broadband providers. In addition, NNE includes an extensive backend system for deploying and managing experiments and collecting data. NNE makes it possible to run long-term measurement experiments to assess and compare quality and performance across different network operators on a national scale. Particular focus is put on allowing experiments to run in parallel on multiple network connections, and on collecting rich context information related to the experiments. In this paper we give a detailed presentation of NNE, and describe three different measurement experiments that illustrate how the infrastructure can be used. We also provide a roadmap for further development of NNE.
Responses to pulsatile subretinal electric stimulation: effects of amplitude and duration (2013)

In working to improve the quality of visual percepts elicited by retinal prosthetics, considerable effort has been made to understand how retinal neurons respond to electric stimulation. Whereas responses arising from direct activation of retinal ganglion cells have been well studied, responses arising through indirect activation (e.g., secondary to activation of bipolar cells) are not as well understood. Here, we used cell-attached, patch-clamp recordings to measure the responses of rabbit ganglion cells in vitro to a wide range of stimulus-pulse parameters (amplitudes: 0–100 μA; durations: 0.1–50 ms), applied to a 400-μm-diameter, subretinal-stimulating electrode. The indirect responses generally consisted of multiple action potentials that were clustered into bursts, although the latency and number of spikes within a burst were highly variable. When different parameter pairs representing identical charge levels were compared, the shortest pulse durations generally elicited the most spikes. In addition, latencies were shortest, and jitter was lowest for short pulses. These findings suggest that short pulses are optimum for activation of presynaptic neurons, and therefore, short pulses are more effective for both direct as well as indirect activation.
Designing embodied interfaces for casual sound recording devices (2008)

In the Special Moment project we prototype and evaluate the design of interfaces for casual sound recording devices. These devices are envisioned to be used by a casual user to capture and store their everyday experiences in the form of "sound albums" -- collections of recordings related to a certain situation. We formulate a number of design principles for such recording devices, as well as implement and evaluate two working prototypes. A candle recorder allows for capturing the general atmosphere at a party, and the children's book recorder records the interactions between parents and children while reading a book together.
A Configurable Three-Dimensional Microenvironment in a Microfluidic Channel for Primary Hepatocyte Culture (2005)

We have developed a technique for the in situ three-dimensional (3D) immobilization of primary rat hepatocytes within a localized matrix in a microfluidic channel that provides a 3D microenvironment incorporating both a configurable 3D matrix and fluid perfusion. This is based on the laminar flow complex coacervation of a pair of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, i.e., methylated collagen and a terpolymer of HEMA-MMA-MAA. 3D collagen matrices were formed with minimal gelation times (<8 min), were able to entrap cells under aqueous noncytotoxic conditions, and permitted culture media to be perfused in the microchannel by virtue of the spatial confinement of the 3D matrix on one side of the channel. The architecture and stability of the collagen matrix could be configured by the use of different material combinations and changes in the polyelectrolyte flow rates and retention time. Primary rat hepatocytes cultured for 24 h in the 3D matrix within the microchannel showed comparable or enhanced cytochrome P450 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity with static controls. The configurable 3D microenvironment in the microfluidic channel may be a potential 3D culture model of primary hepatocytes for drug testing applications.
Stabilizing the Efficiency Beyond 20% with a Mixed Cation Perovskite Solar Cell Fabricated in Ambient Air under Controlled Humidity (2017)

Abstract Perovskite solar cells have evolved to have compatible high efficiency and stability by employing mixed cation/halide type perovskite crystals as pinhole‐free large grain absorbers. The cesium (Cs)–formamidium–methylammonium triple cation‐based perovskite device fabricated in a glove box enables reproducible high‐voltage performance. This study explores the method to reproduce stable and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a triple cation perovskite prepared using a one‐step solution deposition and low‐temperature annealing fully conducted in controlled ambient humidity conditions. Optimizing the perovskite grain size by Cs concentration and solution processes, a route is created to obtain highly uniform, pinhole‐free large grain perovskite films that work with reproducible PCE up to 20.8% and high preservation stability without cell encapsulation for more than 18 weeks. This study further investigates the light intensity characteristics of open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) of small (5 × 5 mm 2 , PCE > 20%) and large (10 × 10 mm 2 , PCE of 18%) devices. Intensity dependence of V oc shows an ideality factor in the range of 1.7‐1.9 for both devices, implying that the triple cation perovskite involves trap‐assisted recombination loss at the hetero junction interfaces that influences V oc . Despite relatively high ideality factor, perovskite device is capable of supplying high power conversion efficiency under low light intensity (0.01 Sun) whereas maintaining V oc over 0.9 V.
Precipitation Enhancement of "so Called" Defect-Free Czochralski Silicon Material (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A novel RSRP-based E-CID positioning for LTE networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel enhanced cell ID (E-CID) based positioning method for LTE network using reference signal received power (RSRP), azimuth parameters and COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami path loss model. The distance between serving eNodeB and user equipment (UE) is calculated using RSRP and COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami path loss model, and based on the distance calculation, the position of UE is calculated using the azimuth and beamwidth values of the serving eNodeB. The proposed positioning method is evaluated by using real measurement data which are collected in Istiklal Street, Istanbul, Turkey where the COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami path loss model is applicable. The performance of the proposed positioning method is obtained in terms of cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the results are compared with the CID based positioning method which is currently employed on serving mobile location center (SMLC). The results reveal that the proposed positioning method for LTE networks outperforms the CID based positioning method and can be used in the practical localization applications in LTE networks.
[Bioflocculant producing capability by two strains of Bacillus sp. in diversified carbon sources]. (2005)

Two strains of Bacillus sp. F2 and F6 could produce bioflocculants with high flocculating effects by pure culture and mixed culture. Many kinds of carbon sources could be utilized. Organic compound which molecular weight under 200 such as saccharide, alcoholic aldehyde, ester and organic acid were favorable for producing bioflocculant. And some low-cost biomass scrap could be used as good carbon sources for industrialized production of bioflocculants, such as waste beet molasses, cellulose's fermentation residue and sewage of hydrogen producing reactor.
Multicolor Electrochromic Devices Based on Molecular Plasmonics (2017)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, the hydrogen-terminated, sub-nanometer-scale version of graphene, support plasmon resonances with the addition or removal of a single electron. Typically colorless when neutral, they are transformed into vivid optical absorbers in either their positively or negatively charged states. Here, we demonstrate a low-voltage, multistate electrochromic device based on PAH plasmon resonances that can be reversibly switched between nearly colorless (0 V), olive (+4 V), and royal blue (-3.5 V). The device exhibits highly efficient color change compared to electrochromic polymers and metal oxides, lower power consumption than liquid crystals, and is shown to reversibly switch for at least 100 cycles. We also demonstrate the additive property of molecular plasmon resonances in a single-layer device to display a reversible, transmissive-to-black device. This work illuminates the potential of PAH molecular plasmonics for the development of color displays and large-area color-changing applications due to their processability and ultralow power consumption.
Stability of nanostructured iridium oxide electrocatalysts during oxygen evolution reaction in acidic environment (2014)

The electrochemical stability of thermally prepared Ir oxide films is investigated using a scanning flow cell (SFC)–inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometer (ICP-MS) setup under transient and stationary potential and/or current conditions. Time-resolved dissolution rates provide important insights into critical conditions for material breakdown and a fully quantitative in-situ assessment of the electrochemical stability during oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions. In particular, the results demonstrate that stability and OER activity of the IrOx catalysts strongly depend on the chemical and structural nature of Ir oxide species and their synthesis conditions.
Performance analysis of CNTFET based digital logic circuits (2014)

Silicon technology continues to scale down and is a dominant choice for high-performance digital circuits. For enhancement of digital circuit performance researchers are further investigating other novel materials to introduce into future technology generations. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been explored as a promising candidate for the same due to their excellent carrier mobility. The effect of CNTFET parametric variation for chirality (or diameter) with threshold voltage on performance metrics namely delay, power and power_delay_product (PDP) has been analyzed in the present paper. It is found that with decrease in diameter of CNTFET, power reduces but with delay penalty. A comparative study of CMOS and CNTFET logic circuits is carried out. An overview of ternary logic is presented. Dependence of threshold voltage on the geometry of carbon nanotube makes it feasible to be used for ternary logic design. Subsequently, circuits in voltage mode ternary logic are implemented using CNTFETs. It is analyzed that CNTFET based circuits are energy efficient. It is also concluded that novel ternary logic is a moderately fast and low power solution to digital circuit design. The circuits have been simulated using HSPICE for 32nm technology node.
Planning techniques for Multi-Period Optical Network Designs (2000)

A typical mid-sized national network is planned using various multi-period optimisation techniques, considering the use of either 1+1 SNCP optical protection or Optical Channel rings (OCh-SPRings) to give a survivable network design. Traffic growth is applied over a five year planning horizon to give a tenfold increase in total traffic volume for the final year. Results are presented in terms of the number of DWDM systems required for each scenario, but since deployment occurs over several years, a Net Present Value for the total network cost is evaluated. As expected, Shared protection rings are shown to reduce the system requirement significantly, yet the best multi-period optimisation technique depends heavily on the discount factor rate chosen.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, and Principal Component Analysis of the Hydrolysis, Regeneration, and Reactivity of <i>N</i>-Hydroxysuccinimide-Containing Organic Thin Films (2007)

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters are widely used as leaving groups to activate covalent coupling of amine-containing biomolecules onto surfaces in academic and commercial surface immobilizations. Their intrinsic hydrolytic instability is well-known and remains a concern for maintaining stable, reactive surface chemistry, especially for reliable longer term storage. In this work, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to investigate surface hydrolysis in NHS-bearing organic thin films. Principal component analysis (PCA) of both positive and negative ion TOF-SIMS data was used to correlate changes in the well-defined NHS ester oligo(ethylene glycol) (NHS-OEG) self-assembled monolayers to their surface treatment. From PCA results, multivariate peak intensity ratios were developed for monitoring NHS reactivity, thin-film thickness, and oxidation of the monolayers during surface hydrolysis. Aging in ambient air for up to 7 days resulted in hydrolysis of some fraction of bound NHS groups, oxidation of some resident thiol groups, and deposition of adventitious hydrocarbon contaminants onto the monolayers. Overnight film immersion under water produced complete hydrolysis and removal of the NHS chemistry, as well as removal of some of the thiolated OEG chains. NHS regeneration of the hydrolyzed surfaces was assessed using the same multivariable peak intensity ratio as well as surface coupling with amine-terminated molecules. Both aqueous and organic NHS regeneration methods produced surfaces with bound NHS concentrations approximately 50% of the bound NHS concentration on freshly prepared NHS-OEG monolayers. Precise methods for quantifying NHS chemistry on surfaces are useful for quality control processes required in surface technologies that rely on reliable and reproducible reactive ester coupling. These applications include microarray, microfluidic, immunoassay, bioreactor, tissue engineer-ing, and biomedical device fabrication.
A Catalytic Reaction Mechanism for Methane Partial Oxidation at Short Contact Times, Reforming, and Combustion, and for Oxygenate Decomposition and Oxidation on Platinum (2007)

Hydrogen production from fuel processing and its utilization in fuel cell technology is recognized as a promising route to future power generation. Reliable chemistry models are necessary to improve the hydrogen generation processes via optimal reactor design. With this objective, here, we present a predictive microkinetic model for CH4 (C1) partial oxidation, combustion, and reforming, as well as oxygenate (CH3OH and CH2O) decomposition and oxidation on platinum, consisting of 104 elementary-like steps. A hierarchical multiscale approach is used in the parameter estimation of bottom-up mechanism building. Thermodynamic consistency is ensured in the C1 mechanism. Important kinetic parameters are identified via sensitivity analysis for various experimental systems, using diverse operating conditions, and only a limited number of important kinetic parameters are refined (four for CH4). The C1 mechanism is extensively validated against several additional experimental data and is observed to be fairly predictive (within the uncertainty of measurements in catalyst surface area, temperature, etc.). Analysis shows spatial zones in catalytic methane oxidation at short contact times, viz., an oxidation zone near the reactor entrance, followed by a reforming zone, where mainly steam reforming and, to a lesser extent, dry reforming occur. Thus, methane oxidation follows the indirect pathway (i.e., total oxidation products are first formed), followed by reforming to generate the partial oxidation ones, in agreement with modeled experimental data.
Characteristics of Highly Sensitive pH Sensors with Charge Accumulation Operation (2006)

A charge-transfer-type pH sensor operated by charge accumulation was demonstrated, and it was confirmed that its pH sensitivity was 1130 mV/pH with five signal integration cycles. The most familiar pH sensor using a semiconductor is the ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). The sensitivity of our pH sensor was 20 times higher than that of the ISFET. The sensitivity of the ISFET, which is similar in structure to a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure, is restricted by the Nernst equation (59 mV/pH at room temperature). The output signal from an ISFET disappears into its noise as pH variation becomes small. The charge-transfer-type pH sensor increases the pH output signal to integrate signals in the time domain that are noise-free. It is expected that with this sensor it is possible to measure small pH signal variations.