gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing, signaling, and physiological function of chemerin (2014)

Chemerin is an immunomodulating factor secreted predominantly by adipose tissue and skin. Processed by a variety of proteases linked to inflammation, it activates the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) and induces chemotaxis in natural killer cells, macrophages, and immature dendritic cells. Recent developments revealed the role of the nonsignaling chemerin receptor C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) in inflammation. Besides further research establishing its link to inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis, functions in healthy skin have also been reported. Here, the current understanding of chemerin processing, signaling and physiological function has been summarized, focusing on the regulation of its activity, its different receptors and its controversially discussed role in diseases.
Working with Augmented Reality? (2017)

Due to increasing complexity of products and the demographic change at manual assembly workplaces, interactive and context-aware instructions for assembling products are becoming more and more important. Over the last years, many systems using head-mounted displays (HMDs) and in-situ projection have been proposed. We are observing a trend in assistive systems using in-situ projection for supporting workers during work tasks. Recent advances in technology enable robust detection of almost every work step, which is done at workplaces. With this improvement in robustness, a continuous usage of assistive systems at the workplace becomes possible. In this work, we provide results of a long-term study in an industrial workplace with an overall runtime of 11 full workdays. In our study, each participant assembled at least three full workdays using in-situ projected instructions. We separately considered two different user groups comprising expert and untrained workers. Our results show a decrease in performance for expert workers and a learning success for untrained workers.
An editing-operation replayer with highlights supporting investigation of program modifications (2011)

In editing source code of a program on modern integrated development environments, automated recording of editing operations has become popular. These operations enable past program modifications to be investigated in detail. However, such investigation of enormous amount of operations is troublesome for a human. Moreover, each of the recorded operations does not indicate what code changes were totally done. To address these problems, this paper proposes OperationReplayer, which replays recorded operations in chronological order and arbitrarily restores past snapshots of source code. It employs a plug-in mechanism that allows its user to flexibly highlight particular operations in their visualization. This mechanism provides the user with various overviews of vast operations and alleviates burden on his/her investigation. The paper also shows three case studies of effective examinations using highlight plug-ins.
Directly Coupled Chiral HPLC−NMR and HPLC−CD Spectroscopy as Complementary Methods for Structural and Enantiomeric Isomer Identification:  Application to Atracurium Besylate (1999)

Directly coupled HPLC−NMR spectroscopy has now become a standard, commercially available technique for mixture characterization. Here the extension of the technique to chiral HPLC separation is reported and it is shown that HPLC−NMR together with HPLC−CD provide complementary approaches for the identification of structural isomers and enantiomers. The general approach has been exemplified using the neuromuscular blocking agent atracurium besylate, which comprises a mixture of 10 isomers in various proportions as four racemic pairs and two meso compounds. Diagnostic reporter resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of atracurium besylate were assigned using a combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments at 750 MHz. Stop-flow 750-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy was used on-line after chiral column HPLC separation to identify the enantiomeric pairs, to distinguish the meso compounds, and to identify key configurational features of the isomers. The parallel HPLC−CD experiments served to assign the enantiomers based upon the known CD and absolute stereochemistry of (R)-laudanosine hydrochloride, an analogue with the same tetrahydroisoquinoline structural unit as atracurium. It is thereby demonstrated that high-field HPLC−NMR and HPLC−CD is a powerful combination of techniques which could be combined on-line for mixture characterization.
Re-Intubation Increases the Risk of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients Needing Mechanical Ventilation (1995)

In order to confirm that re-intubation can be a risk factor of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a case-control study was performed. Forty consecutive patients needing re-intubation were selected as cases. Each case was paired with a matched control for the previous duration of mechanical ventilation (+/- 2 d). Nineteen (47%) of the cases developed pneumonia after re-intubation compared with 4 (10%) of the controls (odds ratio [OR] = 8.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7 to 105.9; p = 0.0007). After adjusting for age, sex, and presence of prior bronchoscopy, the conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that re-intubation was the only significant factor related to the development of pneumonia (OR: 5.94; 95% CI 1.27 to 22.71; p = 0.023). Sixteen (73%) of the 22 patients lying semirecumbent during the interval between extubation and re-intubation developed nosocomial pneumonia versus three (16%) of the 18 in supine position (p = 0.001). These results indicate that semirecumbency during the period between extubation and re-intubation may play a role in nosocomial pneumonia development in patients who need re-intubation. Total intensive care unit stay (19.4 +/- 10 versus 13.9 +/- 11.9 days, p = 0.0008) and crude mortality (35 versus 20%, p = 0.14) were also higher in re-intubated patients when compared with controls. We conclude that re-intubation is a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia and might be avoided in a substantial number of cases.
x-RDF-3X (2010)

The RDF data model is gaining importance for applications in computational biology, knowledge sharing, and social communities. Recent work on RDF engines has focused on scalable performance for querying, and has largely disregarded updates. In addition to incremental bulk loading, applications also require online updates with flexible control over multi-user isolation levels and data consistency. The challenge lies in meeting these requirements while retaining the capability for fast querying. This paper presents a comprehensive solution that is based on an extended deferred-indexing method with integrated versioning. The version store enables time-travel queries that are efficiently processed without adversely affecting queries on the current data. For flexible consistency, transactional concurrency control is provided with options for either snapshot isolation or full serializability. All methods are integrated in an extension of the RDF-3X system, and their very good performance for both queries and updates is demonstrated by measurements of multi-user workloads with real-life data as well as stress-test synthetic loads.
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation corrects deficits in oxytocin, sociability and anxiety of CD157 mutants in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (2020)

Oxytocin (OT) is a critical molecule for social recognition and memory that mediates social and emotional behaviours. In addition, OT acts as an anxiolytic factor and is released during stress. Based on the activity of CD38 as an enzyme that produces the calcium-mobilizing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), CD157, a sister protein of CD38, has been considered a candidate mediator for the production and release of OT and its social engagement and anti-anxiety functions. However, the limited expression of CD157 in the adult mouse brain undermined confidence that CD157 is an authentic and/or actionable molecular participant in OT-dependent social behaviour. Here, we show that CD157 knockout mice have low levels of circulating OT in cerebrospinal fluid, which can be corrected by the oral administration of nicotinamide riboside, a recently discovered vitamin precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is the substrate for the CD157- and CD38-dependent production of cADPR. Nicotinamide riboside corrects social deficits and fearful and anxiety-like behaviours in CD157 knockout males. These results suggest that elevating NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside may allow animals with cADPR- and OT-forming deficits to overcome these deficits and function more normally.
The WFPC2 Photometric CTE Monitor (2001)

The Charge Transfer Efficiency of the WFPC2 CCD arrays has been monitored since the instrument’s deployment aboard HST in 1993. Since then a significant increase in CTE loss has been observed. We examine photometric data from 28 April 1994 to 11 February 2001. The CTE loss appears to be growing worse in a linear fashion with time. The results from the latest set of observations show that CTE loss has reached a level of 53% in the worst case scenario.
Expression profiling reveals distinct sets of genes altered during induction and regression of cardiac hypertrophy (2000)

Although cardiac hypertrophy has been the subject of intensive investigation, regression of hypertrophy has been significantly less studied, precluding large-scale analysis of the relationship between these processes. In the present study, using pharmacological models of cardiac hypertrophy in mice, expression profiling was performed with fragments of more than 4,000 genes to characterize and contrast expression changes during induction and regression of hypertrophy. Administration of angiotensin II and isoproterenol by osmotic minipump produced increases in heart weight (15 and 45%, respectively) that returned to preinduction size after drug withdrawal. From multiple expression analyses of left ventricular RNA isolated at daily time-points during cardiac hypertrophy and regression, we identified sets of genes whose expression was altered at specific stages of this process. While confirming the participation of 25 genes or pathways previously shown to be altered by hypertrophy, a larger set of 30 genes was identified whose expression had not previously been associated with cardiac hypertrophy or regression. Of the 55 genes that showed reproducible changes during the time course of induction and regression, 32 genes were altered only during induction, and 8 were altered only during regression. This study identified both known and novel genes whose expression is affected at different stages of cardiac hypertrophy and regression and demonstrates that cardiac remodeling during regression utilizes a set of genes that are distinct from those used during induction of hypertrophy.
Endothelium-derived vasoactive substances and uterine blood vessels. (1991)

D uring normal pregnancy uterine and systemic vascular function change dramatically, ie, uterine blood flow and cardiac output increase, and both of these vascular beds exhibit vascular refractoriness to the vasoconstrictor effects of infused angiotensin II and other vasoconstrictors. i-* Furthermore, in ovine pregnancy the uterine vascular bed is even less reactive to the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II as compared to the systemic vasculature.3 Vascular function is controlled by smooth muscle vasoconstriction and tone (see reference 4, for review). Uterine vascular function may be modulated in part by endothelium-derived vasoactive substances produced during pregnancy. Of these factors the one most extensively studied in uterine blood vessels is prostacyclin (PGI$ while other endothelial factors that have not been studied as much include endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF),6a7 platelet activating facton and others. 7 This review will deal only with the potential role of PGI2, and EDRF in the control of uterine vascular function in pregnancy. Endothelium-derived substances such as PGI2 and EDRF are released “locally” to affect alterations in vascular smooth muscle function. Some of the current methods for analyzing these endothelial-mediated modifications in vascular smooth muscle function include relaxation of pre-constricted vascular rings using in vitro bioassays and the biochemical changes in second messengers involved in the modulation of PGIZ and EDRF actions, eg, CAMP, and cGMP, respectively. Presently in our laboratory we are evaluating interactions of PGIZ, CAMP, and cGMP and the endothelium in controlling uterine vasculature during pregnancy. In this review, I will provide
FEATURE FUSION AND MODEL SELECTION BASED ON INFORMATION CRITERION (2006)

We describe the k-NN adaptive metric learning procedure combining the asymptotic variance estimation and fine adjustment of the metric parameters for the face recognition. The metric learning model based on the Mahalanobis distance suffered from the degraded performance due to the limitation of available training samples. The feature fusion methods are proposed to assume local distributions of feature patterns for the parameter estimation and learning. Firstly, the MDL criterion is formulated to decide on the trade-offs between accuracy and complexity of an asymptotic statistical model. The variance within the classes is minimized by using the asymptotic variance estimation. Secondly, optimal metric parameters are derived from the minimization of the negative log-likelihood function for the presentation of the synthesized feature patterns. The variance between the classes is increased by using the simulated annealing method. We present the simulation results using the ORL and UMIST databases.
A probabilistic clothes recommender based on clothes features (2014)

Due to its convenience and preferential price, online clothes-selling business grows up quickly and becomes one of the most profitable businesses in e-Commerce companies including Taobao.com and JD.com. Here, how to assist customers find their favorite clothes is an interesting challenge to these companies. In this article, we developed a probabilistic clothes recommendation system (HPRS) for easy shopping. One of the unique features of this system is the ability to recommend clothes in terms of both user ratings and clothes attributes. This is achieved by extracting key clothes features that influence the decision-making of online shopping from clothes images. Our experiments show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Neuroendocrine and metabolic determinants of the adaptation of GH/IGF-I axis to obesity. (2002)

Obese patients show marked impairment in spontaneous secretion as well as in the somatotroph responsiveness to all provocative stimuli. GH insufficiency in obese patients has been reported reversible after long-term diet and marked weight loss but somatotroph secretion is not restored by fasting. Among potential neuroendocrine causes, GHRH hypoactivity has been shown but it is likely that alterations in the influence of ghrelin, the gastric-derived natural ligand of the GHS-R, and or of the NPY/leptin interplay could have a role. Among metabolic alterations, the chronic elevation of FFA levels and hyperinsulinism probably have a key role in causing GH insufficiency in obesity. Despite marked GH insufficiency, total IGF-I levels are basically preserved while free IGF-I levels are even increased thus questioning real hypoactivity of GH/IGF-I axis in obesity. Peripheral GH hypersensitivity due to increased GH receptor status, hyperinsulinism and reduced IGFBP-I levels likely explain almost normal total IGF-I and increased free IGF-I levels which, in turn, probably exert an increased negative feedback action on somatotroph cells.
MULTIPLE EMULSIONS STABILIZED BY COLLOIDAL MICROGRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (1989)

ABSTRACT Multiple emulsions stabilized by colloidal microcrystalline cellulose (CMCC, Avicel RC591) at the w/o and o/w interfaces, and by the addition of Span 80 or Span 85 at the w/o interface, were studied by means of brightfield microscopy, freeze-etch electron microscopy, droplet size distribution analysis and rheologic measurements. Stable multiple emulsions were prepared by incorporation of sodium chloride in the innermost aqueous phase, thereby creating an osmotic gradient preventing loss of the inner aqueous phase to the external aqueous phase. Freeze-etch electron microscopy of the multiple emulsions indicated the presence of a network of microcrystalline cellulose at the outer o/w interface. It may be assumed that the surfactant directly stabilized the w/o interface by adsorption at the interface, as well as indirectly by facilitating wetting of the microcrystalline cellulose by the oil. From rheologic measurements, the existence of a three-dimensional network in the external aqueous phase was indicated by the considerable degrees of thlxotropy and significant static yield values of these multiple emulsions.
A critical look at reactions in class I and II gas-expanded liquids using CO2 and other gases (2009)

This short review aims to give a summary of the publications on reactions in class I and II gas-expanded liquids (GXLs) (those with organic or aqueous liquid components), and to draw conclusions from the trends in the current literature.
Species of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria on the Apricot and the Relationship Between Their Activity and Flower Frost (2001)

During 1996- 1997, sixty samples were collected from apricot in Hebei Province, from which nineteen ice nucleation active bacterial strains were isolated. Nine stains were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae by bacteriological determination, while the others were Erwinia uredovora. Assay of ice nucleation activity (INA) showed the activity of the Pseudomonas strains was higher than that of the Erwinia.According to the number of bacterial cells required to produce one ice nucleus active at - 3℃, four stains was classified as strong ones, three as medium-strong, the remainder as weak. In general, the INA of these strains were regarded as medium-strong. Under stress of Iow temperatures, treatment of INA bacteria can greatly raised relative electric conductivity of petals and permeability of cell membrane. The treated petals showed symptoms of serious frost at - 3 - - 4℃ and had supercooling points of 2 - 3℃ higher than controls. Our results demon strated that INA bacteria are one major factor to incite frost damage to apricot flowers. We may reduce frost injury to apricot during flowering phage through control of INA bacteria.
Naturally Processed HLA Class II Peptides Reveal Highly Conserved Immunogenic Flanking Region Sequence Preferences That Reflect Antigen Processing Rather Than Peptide-MHC Interactions (2001)

MHC class II heterodimers bind peptides 12-20 aa in length. The peptide flanking residues (PFRs) of these ligands extend from a central binding core consisting of nine amino acids. Increasing evidence suggests that the PFRs can alter the immunogenicity of T cell epitopes. We have previously noted that eluted peptide pool sequence data derived from an MHC class II Ag reflect patterns of enrichment not only in the core binding region but also in the PFRS: We sought to distinguish whether these enrichments reflect cellular processes or direct MHC-peptide interactions. Using the multiple sclerosis-associated allele HLA-DR2, pool sequence data from naturally processed ligands were compared with the patterns of enrichment obtained by binding semicombinatorial peptide libraries to empty HLA-DR2 molecules. Naturally processed ligands revealed patterns of enrichment reflecting both the binding motif of HLA-DR2 (position (P)1, aliphatic; P4, bulky hydrophobic; and P6, polar) as well as the nonbound flanking regions, including acidic residues at the N terminus and basic residues at the C terminus. These PFR enrichments were independent of MHC-peptide interactions. Further studies revealed similar patterns in nine other HLA alleles, with the C-terminal basic residues being as highly conserved as the previously described N-terminal prolines of MHC class II ligands. There is evidence that addition of C-terminal basic PFRs to known peptide epitopes is able to enhance both processing as well as T cell activation. Recognition of these allele-transcending patterns in the PFRs may prove useful in epitope identification and vaccine design.
Development of new generation rinderpest vaccines. (2003)

Veterinary science has benefited much from the advances in biotechnology during the past 20 years. New and improved diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases have been developed and new and highly effective vaccines to prevent such diseases have been introduced and more have been, or are about to be, field-tested. The latest development in negative strand virology, reverse genetics, the ability to rescue live virus from a DNA copy of the RNA genome, is being used to address questions concerning virus pathogenicity at the molecular level and to produce "marker" vaccines, i.e. vaccines that allow serological identification of all vaccinated animals. Such a vaccine would greatly benefit the continuing campaign for the global eradication of rinderpest since it would then be possible, by serological means, to detect wild type virus circulating in local areas or regions where it is still necessary to vaccinate and where the vaccination levels are below those required to eliminate the virus. Here we describe different approaches we have taken to produce such a vaccine using reverse genetics to add a marker to the existing and widely used Plowright rinderpest vaccine.
Hypoxic Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate the Integrated Stress Response and Cell Survival (2008)

Under hypoxic conditions, cells suppress energy-intensive mRNA translation by modulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and pancreatic eIF2alpha kinase (PERK) pathways. Much is known about hypoxic inhibition of mTOR activity; however, the cellular processes activating PERK remain unclear. Since hypoxia is known to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that hypoxic ROS regulate mTOR and PERK to control mRNA translation and cell survival. Our data indicate that although exogenous ROS inhibit mTOR, eIF2alpha, and eEF2, mTOR and eEF2 were largely refractory to ROS generated under moderate hypoxia (0.5% O(2)). In direct contrast, the PERK/eIF2alpha/ATF4 integrated stress response (ISR) was activated by hypoxic ROS and contributed to global protein synthesis inhibition and adaptive ATF4-mediated gene expression. The ISR as well as exogenous growth factors were critical for cell viability during extended hypoxia, since ISR inhibition decreased the viability of cells deprived of O(2) and growth factors. Collectively, our data support an important role for ROS in hypoxic cell survival. Under conditions of moderate hypoxia, ROS induce the ISR, thereby promoting energy and redox homeostasis and enhancing cellular survival.
Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism (2019)

The human gut microbiota metabolizes the Parkinson's disease medication Levodopa (l-dopa), potentially reducing drug availability and causing side effects. However, the organisms, genes, and enzymes responsible for this activity in patients and their susceptibility to inhibition by host-targeted drugs are unknown. Here, we describe an interspecies pathway for gut bacterial l-dopa metabolism. Conversion of l-dopa to dopamine by a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent tyrosine decarboxylase from <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> is followed by transformation of dopamine to <i>m</i>-tyramine by a molybdenum-dependent dehydroxylase from <i>Eggerthella lenta</i> These enzymes predict drug metabolism in complex human gut microbiotas. Although a drug that targets host aromatic amino acid decarboxylase does not prevent gut microbial l-dopa decarboxylation, we identified a compound that inhibits this activity in Parkinson's patient microbiotas and increases l-dopa bioavailability in mice.