gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web search using a genetic algorithm (2001)

Webnaut is an intelligent agent system that uses a genetic algorithm to collect and recommend Web pages. A feedback mechanism adapts to user interests as they evolve. The authors first describe intelligent assistant systems in general and then present the Webnaut architecture, its learning agent, and the genetic algorithm. They conclude with results from two preliminary experiments that tested the accuracy and adaptability of the learning agent.
Signaling mechanisms of glucose-induced F-actin remodeling in pancreatic islet β cells (2013)

The maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis is critical for survival, and is controlled by the coordination of multiple organs and endocrine systems. Pancreatic islet β cells secrete insulin in response to nutrient stimuli, and insulin then travels through the circulation promoting glucose uptake into insulin-responsive tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose. Many of the genes identified in human genome-wide association studies of diabetic individuals are directly associated with β cell survival and function, giving credence to the idea that β-cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes. As such, investigations into the mechanisms by which β cells sense glucose and secrete insulin in a regulated manner are a major focus of current diabetes research. In particular, recent discoveries of the detailed role and requirements for reorganization/remodeling of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the regulation of insulin release from the β cell have appeared at the forefront of islet function research, having lapsed in prior years due to technical limitations. Recent advances in live-cell imaging and specialized reagents have revealed localized F-actin remodeling to be a requisite for the normal biphasic pattern of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. This review will provide an historical look at the emergent focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation of insulin secretion, leading up to the cutting-edge research in progress in the field today.
A cost model to compare regression test strategies (2002)

A software test cost model which can be used to compare the retest-all strategy to a selective strategy is proposed. A test cost model is presented, and the conditions under which the selective strategy is more economical than the retest-all strategy are identified. Recently introduced regression testing strategies are reviewed. It is found that the relative cost depends on four factors: the selection, the execution, the checking cost, and the ratio of the size of the selected previous test to the size of the total previous test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decoupling capacitor design issues in 90nm CMOS (2010)

On-chip decoupling capacitors (decaps) are widely used to reduce power supply noise. Typically, designs use NMOS decaps between standard-cell blocks and NMOS+PMOS decaps within the blocks. Starting at the 90nm CMOS technology node, the traditional decap designs may no longer be suitable due to increased concerns regarding thin-oxide gate leakage and electrostatic discharge (ESD) reliability. This thesis investigates new decap design approaches that address gate leakage and ESD. A cross-coupled design is described that has been recently introduced by cell library developers to handle ESD problems. Three modifications of the cross-coupled design are introduced here and the tradeoffs among transient response, gate leakage and ESD performance are analyzed. The modifications offer designers greater flexibility in decoupling capacitor design for 90nm and below. To improve the power-grid noise reduction capability in the areas between blocks, two versions of a switched-decap design are proposed. One provides excellent decap performance but consumes large power, whereas the other saves power but suffers from excessive delay. A novel low-power voltage regulator using switched decaps is proposed to better balance performance and power consumption.
Maternal and fetal insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the second and third trimesters of human pregnancy (1998)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic polypeptides which circulate bound to a series of at least six binding proteins (IGFBPs). An increasing body of evidence supports a major role for the IGF in the control of human fetal growth although normal values in the human fetal circulation have not been established. In order to provide an accurate reflection of fetal IGFs and IGFBPs in utero, we have sampled fetal blood direct from the umbilical cord at 18-38 weeks of gestation using the technique of cordocentesis. We have measured IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP 1-3 in 91 fetuses in order to establish concentrations for these parameters in the second and third trimesters of human pregnancy.
Micropatterning of Graphene Sheets by Inkjet Printing and Its Wideband Dipole‐Antenna Application (2011)

Patterned graphene sheets are fabricated by an inkjet printing technique. High line resolution and sustained electrical conductivity is achieved, and tuning of the sheet resistance is dependent on the concentration of graphene oxide ink and the number of print layers. A patterned graphene-based thin film is also applied as a practical wideband dipole antenna. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cooperative Autonomous Mobile Robots (2005)

Abstract : The primary objective of the work was to develop new capabilities for cooperative autonomous operation of multi-agent autonomous mobile robot systems. Many vital Navy missions require autonomous navigation and decision making in complex, unstructured, and dynamic environments. In this work, we set out to develop software for cooperative autonomy and to test these algorithms on new, low-cost autonomous surface craft (ASC). The ASC were operated in several major ONR experiments, including AUVFest in June 2005 and the FAFOS experiment in July, 2005. Lessons learned from cooperative operation of these platforms can pay dividends for a wide variety of Navy research programs.
An object-oriented approach to template guided visual inspection (2003)

The concepts and design issues that provide the basis for the I/sup 2/F (image interpretation foundations) system are described. The I/sup 2/F system combines object-oriented design for machine vision software and constraint-based geometric modeling into a flexible and effective system for automatic template-guided visual inspection. Object-oriented design for 2-D geometry-based image analysis is discussed, and results from processing experimental X-ray data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Biology and Biotechnology (2007)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a popular and economically important fruit tree of tropical and subtropical countries. The fruit is consumed world-wide as fresh fruit and as a vegetable or used as processed products. This review focuses primarily on two aspects. Firstly, on advances in in vitro methods of propagation, including tissue culture and micropropagation, and secondly on how these advances have facilitated improvements in papaya genetic transformation. An account of the dietary and nutritional composition of papaya, how these vary with culture methods, and secondary metabolites, both beneficial and harmful, and those having medicinal applications, are discussed. An overview of papaya post-harvest is provided, while ‘synseed’ technology and cryopreservation are also covered. This is the first comprehensive review on papaya that attempts to integrate so many aspects of this economically and culturally important fruit tree that should prove valuable for professionals involved in both research and commerce.
Nontraditional treatment of mycosis fungoides in a dog. (1984)

A 14-year-old Dachshund with plaque-stage mycosis fungoides was treated and kept free of lesions for 25 months, using combination drug therapy of a placental lysate and low-dose prednisone. Mycosis fungoides has a poor prognosis and has had a history of poor response to treatment. Placental lysate with low-dose prednisone may offer an alternate therapeutic regimen in this disease.
Amino acid protection of cultured kidney tubule cells against calcium ionophore-induced lethal cell injury. (1991)

Treatment of two cultured renal tubule epithelial cell lines, MDCK and LLC-PK1, with ionomycin produced rapidly evolving models of lethal cell injury characterized by increases of cytosolic free calcium to the microM level within 15 minutes followed by lactate dehydrogenase release and failure to exclude vital dyes that began between 30 and 60 minutes and became extensive after 60 minutes. The pattern of injury was similar when the mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, was added to ionomycin. Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone alone produced severe ATP depletion but not lactate dehydrogenase release. Inclusion of glycine in the experimental medium at concentrations ranging from 0.25 mM to 5 mM did not affect the increases of cytosolic free calcium or ATP depletion but was protective against enzyme release and failure to exclude vital dyes for 180 minutes. Maximal protection was achieved at glycine concentrations between 1 and 5 mM. Several other small neutral amino acids including alanine, beta-alanine, L-serine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid also had protective effects but, glucose, pyruvate, glutamate, glutamine, leucine, valine, and taurine did not. These data indicate that potent protective effects of glycine and other small neutral amino acids previously shown in fresh tubule preparations are fully expressed in cultured tubule cells of diverse origin when appropriate acute injury models are used and the protective effects are sustained for long durations. The suitability of cultured cell lines for prolonged exposure studies will provide a powerful way of further exploring mechanisms of these effects.
Displacement of Microcalcifications during Stereotactic 11-gauge Directional Vacuum-assisted Biopsy with Marking Clip Placement: Case Report (2001)

A 53-year-old woman with right breast microcalcifications of intermediate concern underwent stereotactic directional vacuum-assisted biopsy with marking clip placement. Postbiopsy mammograms showed displacement of a few of the targeted microcalcifications adjacent to misplaced marker clips. Mammography following stereotactic breast biopsy is important to document the location and number of residual calcifications and to determine the adequacy and location of clip placement.
Magnetic microscopy using a liquid nitrogen cooled YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting quantum interference device (1993)

We have developed a magnetic flux microscope which uses a liquid nitrogen cooled thin-film YBa2Cu3O7 dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to produce two-dimensional images of magnetic fields. The instrument operates as a scanning probe microscope with a spatial resolution of about 80 μm and a field of view of about 100 mm2. The equivalent magnetic field noise in the SQUID ranges from 80 pT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz to 20 pT Hz−1/2 at 1 kHz, yielding a field resolution of about 200 pT in our images. We have used the microscope to image magnetic domains in ferromagnetic samples, small currents flowing in fine wires, and trapped flux and diamagnetic susceptibility in superconducting thin films.
Melanoma cells selected for adhesion to laminin peptides have different malignant properties. (1993)

Laminin is an important promoter of cell-matrix interactions. A number of active laminin domains have been defined by use of synthetic peptides. The Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) sequence on the B1 chain in laminin can decrease tumor growth and metastasis, whereas another sequence containing Ser-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (SIKVAV) on the A chain can increase tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we selected B16-F10 melanoma cells by adherence or nonadherence to either YIGSR- or SIKVAV-coated dishes and established 3 B16-F10 variants: YIGSR-adherent cells (Y+), YIGSR-nonadherent cells (Y-), and SIKVAV-nonadherent cells (S-). SIKVAV-adherent cells were not selected because most of F10 cells attached to the SIKVAV-coated dish. These cell lines proliferated at the same rate as the parent F10 cells and attached equally to laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin. Y+ cells produced rapidly growing tumors after s.c. injection and twice as many lung colonies as the parental F10 cells after i.v. injection. In contrast, Y- cells produced more slowly growing tumors after s.c. injection and produced one-third of the lung colonies relative to the parent cells after i.v. injection. S- cells produced slowly growing tumors after s.c. injection and yielded similar numbers but smaller colonies in the lung than the parental B16-F10 cells after i.v. injection. These data suggest that interactions of melanoma cells with the YIGSR site on laminin are probably important for both colony formation in a target organ (lung) and subsequent tumor growth, while the SIKVAV-containing site on laminin may be more important for tumor growth.
APOCYNACEAE (2000)

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS 15 PERIPLOCOIDEAE
Elevated insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and their receptors in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A possible mechanism. (1998)

Increased IGF-I and TGF-beta 1 gene expression previously observed in HOCM myocardium results in elevated protein levels. IGF-I and TGF-beta 1 signals may be further amplified by increased receptor numbers on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. The data suggest a possible autocrine mechanism of IGF-I-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a paracrine mechanism of TGF-beta 1-stimulated extracellular matrix overproduction in HOCM.
Preparation of (Cyanomethylene)tributylphosphorane: A New Mitsunobu-Type Reagent (2005)

(Cyanomethylene)tributylphosphorane (CMBP), which promoted the alkylation of various nucleophiles (HA) with alcohols (ROH) to give RA (Mitsunobu-type reaction), was prepared in two steps starting from chloroacetonitrile.
A new framework of quantifying differences between images by matching gradient fields and its application to image blending (2004)

This paper presents a new method for quantifying the differences between images. The proposed model is based on matching the gradient fields of two images. We first define new image spaces in which images are considered equivalent under a similarity group actions and the difference between two image classes is then defined by employing the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to the gradient fields. The advantage of our approach is that images are identified by their relative contrasts and thus is scale free. Using this approach, we are able to achieve image blending in a novel way. By modifying the group actions, we extend our basic model to more general equivalence classes. The variational problems and the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations associated to these models are proposed and the gradient descent time dependent partial differential equations are derived. Fast and efficient solvers employing the Additive Operator Splitting scheme are also presented. We tested our models on simulation images as well as real brain MRI and PET images from normal control subjects.
Broadband metal/glass single-mode fibre polarisers (1986)

Continuous metal/glass fibre polarisers incorporating Ga or In/Sn alloy have been fabricated. An extinction ratio of greater than 37 dB with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB can be obtained over a 250 nm spectral window around 1300 nm. Extinction ratios as high as 52 dB have been measured at 830 nm.
A survey of transfer learning (2016)

Machine learning and data mining techniques have been used in numerous real-world applications. An assumption of traditional machine learning methodologies is the training data and testing data are taken from the same domain, such that the input feature space and data distribution characteristics are the same. However, in some real-world machine learning scenarios, this assumption does not hold. There are cases where training data is expensive or difficult to collect. Therefore, there is a need to create high-performance learners trained with more easily obtained data from different domains. This methodology is referred to as transfer learning. This survey paper formally defines transfer learning, presents information on current solutions, and reviews applications applied to transfer learning. Lastly, there is information listed on software downloads for various transfer learning solutions and a discussion of possible future research work. The transfer learning solutions surveyed are independent of data size and can be applied to big data environments.
Induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by human autoantibodies against citrullinated vimentin (2012)

Autoimmunity is complicated by bone loss. In human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most severe inflammatory joint disease, autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins are among the strongest risk factors for bone destruction. We therefore hypothesized that these autoantibodies directly influence bone metabolism. Here, we found a strong and specific association between autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins and serum markers for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in RA patients. Moreover, human osteoclasts expressed enzymes eliciting protein citrullination, and specific N-terminal citrullination of vimentin was induced during osteoclast differentiation. Affinity-purified human autoantibodies against mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) not only bound to osteoclast surfaces, but also led to robust induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorptive activity. Adoptive transfer of purified human MCV autoantibodies into mice induced osteopenia and increased osteoclastogenesis. This effect was based on the inducible release of TNF-α from osteoclast precursors and the subsequent increase of osteoclast precursor cell numbers with enhanced expression of activation and growth factor receptors. Our data thus suggest that autoantibody formation in response to citrullinated vimentin directly induces bone loss, providing a link between the adaptive immune system and bone.
Analytics for audit and business controls in corporate travel & entertainment (2007)

Travel and Entertainment (T&E) expenses are under increasing scrutiny as one of the largest controllable indirect expenses in a firm. This involves internal audits and analysis by business controls personnel to identify fraud and misuse and to take appropriate corrective actions. We have developed a set of statistical models to identify suspicious behavior for further investigation. Our Behavioral Shift Models (BSM) leverage domain knowledge in the form of simple, generic templates that represent classes of fraud and abuse. The emphasis is on robustly detecting repeated, out-of-the-norm behaviors as opposed to single instance occurrences. In this paper, we describe the application of these models and characterize their detection capabilities empirically. We also present validated results and insights generated by our approach when applied to production data from multiple firms for several T&E scenarios.
Slicedup: a tenant-aware memory deduplication for cloud computing (2018)

Memory deduplication allows cloud infrastructure providers to increase the profit of memory resources by taking advantage of the redundant nature of virtual machines footprint. Although it is an important feature to manage the memory resources of a cloud system efficiently, unfortunately, it enables different types of side-channel attacks which, in practice, means disabling memory deduplication. In this paper, we present Slicedup, a tenant-aware memory deduplication mechanism that prevents side-channel attacks. Our proposal enables cloud providers to get the deduplication saving benefits while preventing side-channel attacks among tenants. Since Slicedup is a design-solution, it can be implemented in any operating system, regardless of its version, architecture or any other system dependence. Finally, we show how Slicedup prevents side-channel attacks while providing similar memory savings when the number of tenants per physical host is low.
Rare-earth-doped GaN: growth, properties, and fabrication of electroluminescent devices (2002)

A review is presented of the fabrication, operation, and applications of rare-earth-doped GaN electroluminescent devices (ELDs). GaN:RE ELDs emit light due to impact excitation of the rare earth (RE) ions by hot carriers followed by radiative RE relaxation. By appropriately choosing the RE dopant, narrow linewidth emission can be obtained at selected wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The deposition of GaN:RE layers is carried out by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy, and a plasma N/sub 2/ source. Growth mechanisms and optimization of the GaN layers for RE emission are discussed based on RE concentration, growth temperature, and V/III ratio. The fabrication processes and electrical models for both dc- and ac-biased devices are discussed, along with techniques for multicolor integration. Visible emission at red, green, and blue wavelengths from GaN doped with Eu, Er, and Tm has led to the development of flat-panel display (FPD) devices. The brightness characteristics of thick dielectric EL (TDEL) display devices are reviewed as a function of bias, frequency, and time. High contrast TDEL devices using a black dielectric are presented. The fabrication and operation of FPD prototypes are described. Infrared emission at 1.5 /spl mu/m from GaN:Er ELDs has been applied to optical telecommunications devices. The fabrication of GaN channel waveguides by inductively coupled plasma etching is also reviewed, along with waveguide optical characterization.
Improved side‐chain prediction accuracy using an ab initio potential energy function and a very large rotamer library (2004)

Accurate prediction of the placement and comformations of protein side chains given only the backbone trace has a wide range of uses in protein design, structure prediction, and functional analysis. Prediction has most often relied on discrete rotamer libraries so that rapid fitness of side-chain rotamers can be assessed against some scoring function. Scoring functions are generally based on experimental parameters from small-molecule studies or empirical parameters based on determined protein structures. Here, we describe the NCN algorithm for predicting the placement of side chains. A predominantly first-principles approach was taken to develop the potential energy function incorporating van der Waals and electrostatics based on the OPLS parameters, and a hydrogen bonding term. The only empirical knowledge used is the frequency of rotameric states from the PDB. The rotamer library includes nearly 50,000 rotamers, and is the most extensive discrete library used to date. Although the computational time tends to be longer than most other algorithms, the overall accuracy exceeds all algorithms in the literature when placing rotamers on an accurate backbone trace. Considering only the most buried residues, 80% of the total residues tested, the placement accuracy reaches 92% for chi(1), and 83% for chi(1 + 2), and an overall RMS deviation of 1 A. Additionally, we show that if information is available to restrict chi(1) to one rotamer well, then this algorithm can generate structures with an average RMS deviation of 1.0 A for all heavy side-chains atoms and a corresponding overall chi(1 + 2) accuracy of 85.0%.