gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in multi-mode fiber for sensing applications (2011)

We present measurements and characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in multi-mode fiber (MMF) in comparison with single-mode fiber (SMF). As can be expected, the threshold for SBS was measured to be much higher in MMF (105 mW) compared with SMF (15 mW). A difference of 525 MHz was observed in the SBS frequency shift between both types of fibers. An increase in the gain bandwidth, which was measured to be 17 MHz for MMF compared to 8 MHz in SMF and which is due to several modes present in the MMF. Temperature dependence of the frequency shift was also investigated and was shown to be the same (1 MHz/°C) for both types of fibers. Several applications are therefore proposed using SBS in multi-mode fiber.
OXIDATIVE STRESS 3 is a chromatin‐associated factor involved in tolerance to heavy metals and oxidative stress (2008)

A cDNA expression library from Brassica juncea was introduced into the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to select for transformants tolerant to cadmium. Transformants expressing OXIDATIVE STRESS 3 (OXS3) or OXS3-Like cDNA exhibited enhanced tolerance to a range of metals and oxidizing chemicals. OXS3 belongs to a family of proteins that share a highly conserved domain corresponding to a putative N-acetyltransferase or thioltransferase catalytic site. Mutations within this conserved domain abolished the ability of Arabidopsis thaliana OXS3 to enhance stress tolerance in S. pombe, indicating a role in stress tolerance for the presumptive catalytic domain. A stress-sensitive mutant of AtOXS3 and enhanced tolerance of overexpression lines support the role of OXS3 in stress tolerance. The expression of tagged B. juncea and A. thaliana OXS3 proteins in plant cells revealed a subnuclear speckling pattern related to the nucleosome in discrete parts of the chromatin. It is possible that OXS3 might act as a chromatin remodeling factor for the stress response.
Automatic extraction of named entity translingual equivalence based on multi-feature cost minimization (2003)

Translingual equivalence refers to the relationship between expressions of the same meaning from different languages. Identifying translingual equivalence of named entities (NE) can significantly contribute to multilingual natural language processing, such as crosslingual information retrieval, crosslingual information extraction and statistical machine translation. In this paper we present an integrated approach to extract NE translingual equivalence from a parallel Chinese-English corpus.Starting from a bilingual corpus where NEs are automatically tagged for each language, NE pairs are aligned in order to minimize the overall multi-feature alignment cost. An NE transliteration model is presented and iteratively trained using named entity pairs extracted from a bilingual dictionary. The transliteration cost, combined with the named entity tagging cost and word-based translation cost, constitute the multi-feature alignment cost. These features are derived from several information sources using unsupervised and partly supervised methods. A greedy search algorithm is applied to minimize the alignment cost. Experiments show that the proposed approach extracts NE translingual equivalence with 81% F-score and improves the translation score from 7.68 to 7.74.
Conformational Preferences of Peptides Containing Reverse-Turn Mimetic Bicyclic Lactams: Inverse γ-Turns versus Type-II′ β-Turns – Insights into β-Hairpin Stability (1999)

The solid-phase synthesis and characterization of a series of peptides (3–9), containing reverse-turn mimetic bicyclic lactams (1a, 1b), was reported in the preceding paper. The bicyclic lactams (1a, 1b) possess high structural similarity to the two central residues of a β-turn. The conformational preferences of the constrained peptides have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Our experimental results have been complemented by computer modelling studies and show that the constrained peptides (3–9) form an inverse γ-turn or a type-II′ β-turn through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, depending on the nature of the reverse-turn mimic. In N-acetylated tetrapeptide mimics incorporating the two different bicyclic lactams (a series and b series), H5 is available for either a γ-turn (7-membered ring with the carbonyl group of the bicyclic lactam) or a β-turn (10-membered ring with the carbonyl group of residue 2), as shown in Figures 7 and 9. The a series incorporating the (5,7)-bicyclic lactam predominantly induces the γ-turn conformation, while the b series incorporating the (5,6)-bicyclic lactam can promote either a γ-turn or a β-turn conformation, with the β-turn usually being preferred and with varying degrees of β-hairpin formation.
Chemical Microscopy (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChemical MicroscopyPeter M. CookeView Author Information McCrone Research Institute Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60616 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 12, 333–378Publication Date (Web):June 15, 1996Publication History Published online15 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a1960011thttps://doi.org/10.1021/a1960011treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1378Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Lasers,Light,Microscopy,Scanning electron microscopy,X-rays Get e-Alerts
Microcalorimetry and the molecular recognition of peptides and proteins (1993)

Abstract Isothermal titration (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques are now routinely applicable to the study of non-covalent interactions in biomolecular recognition. Examples from our own current work on peptide antibiotic interactions and protein folding illustrate what may be achieved, ITC binding studies of vancomycin antibiotics with model peptides give information about the thermodynamics of group interactions, and also demonstrate possible complexities due to ligand-induced aggregation processes. The thermal stability of proteins in mixed aqueous solvents, studied by DSC, shows how the balance of forces responsible for folding stability may switch, without markedly perturbing the native structure. Separate experiments on the molecular recognition of unfolded polypeptide chains by cyclodextrins are consistent with simple binding of these cyclic polysaccharides to exposed aromatic groups on the therm ally denatured protein.
Yeast chemogenomic screen identifies distinct metabolic pathways required to tolerate exposure to phenolic fermentation inhibitors ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and coniferyl aldehyde (2018)

The conversion of plant material into biofuels and high value products is a two-step process of hydrolysing plant lignocellulose and next fermenting the sugars produced. However, lignocellulosic hydrolysis not only frees sugars for fermentation it simultaneously generates toxic chemicals, including phenolic compounds which severely inhibit yeast fermentation. To understand the molecular basis of phenolic compound toxicity, we performed genome-wide chemogenomic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify deletion mutants that were either hypersensitive or resistant to three common phenolic compounds found in plant hydrolysates: coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Despite being similar in structure, our screen revealed that yeast utilizes distinct pathways to tolerate phenolic compound exposure. Furthermore, although each phenolic compound induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-induced a general cytoplasmic ROS distribution while coniferyl aldehyde-induced ROS partially localized to the mitochondria and to a lesser extent, the endoplasmic reticulum. We found that the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme Zwf1, which catalyzes the rate limiting step of pentose phosphate pathway, is required for reducing the accummulation of coniferyl aldehyde-induced ROS, potentially through the sequestering of Zwf1 to sites of ROS accumulation. Our novel insights into biological impact of three common phenolic inhibitors will inform the engineering of yeast strains with improved efficiency of biofuel and biochemical production in the presence hydrolysate-derived phenolic compounds.
Recombinant human TNF-alpha: preclinical studies and results from early clinical trials. (1992)

The application of recombinant DNA technology to the production of tumor necrosis factor has resulted in the availability of large quantities of a highly purified protein product. This product has been evaluated extensively in preclinical studies, which have documented a direct cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on human tumor cells, as well as a variety of immunomodulatory effects on various immune effector cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells. In addition, a number of anti-infective and metabolic effects have been documented. In addition to its in vitro effects, rTNF has been shown to have antitumor activity in vivo in preclinical studies involving both transplantable murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. Such observations have led to the evaluation of rTNF as a potential antineoplastic agent in humans. Both single- and multiple-dose phase I studies have confirmed that rTNF can be safely administered to patients with advanced malignancies in a dose range associated with anticancer effect without concomitant serious toxicities such as shock and cachexia. The most commonly observed clinical toxicities include constitutional symptoms, such as fever, chills, headache, and fatigue, and toxicities, which can be at least partially controlled with concomitant administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen and meperidine. Hypotension, which occurs at high doses administered by short intravenous infusion, can usually be prevented by prehydration with intravenous fluids or otherwise controlled by the administration. An intense local inflammatory reaction at the injection site as well as thrombocytopenia appear to be the dose-limiting toxicities after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration. Neurologic toxicity is infrequent, except following continuous intravenous infusion, where it may manifest as transient focal neurologic deficits or seizure. Prolonged administration of rTNF at higher doses may be associated with transient, subclinical decreases in diffusing capacity. Patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease should be excluded from rTNF therapy in future clinical studies until the end-organ toxicities of this agent are better defined. For at least one preparation of rTNF there appears to be no evidence for the formation of antibodies to rTNF in patients who receive multiple administrations of the agent. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown a relatively rapid clearance following intravenous infusion with a half-life of 15 to 30 min and dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. rTNF can be detected in the serum following intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at only relatively high doses, suggesting a decreased bioavailability with the routes of administration. Early phase I studies defined tolerable dose ranges for each route of administration and began to explore immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of rTNF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Perceptually Enhanced Bit-Plane Coding for Scalable Audio (2006)

The MPEG-4 scalable to lossless (SLS) audio coding is recently being developed to provide a unified solution for high-compression perceptual audio coding and high-quality lossless audio coding. SLS provides efficient fine granular scalable (FGS) coding from AAC core layer to lossless, and achieves reasonable perceptual quality at its scalable coding range using a sequential bit-plane scanning method, which minimizes the audio distortion according to the spectral shape of the core layer quantization errors. In this paper, it is shown that the perceptual quality performance of SLS at intermediate rates can be further improved by incorporating psycho acoustic model into the bit-plane coding process. In addition, it is also found that such an improvement can be achieved by slightly tweaking the original bit-plane coding process of SLS and hence preserving its nice features such as compatibility to lossless coding and low complexity
CHAP. V (2013)

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Microbiological, Sensory and Chemical Characteristics of Vacuum‐Packaged Cooked Beef Top Rounds Treated with Sodium Lactate and Sodium Propionate (1997)

ABSTRACT Cooked, vacuum‐packaged beef top rounds containing 3% sodium lactate (NaL) or 3 or 4% NaL in combination with 0.1 or 0.2% sodium propionate (NaP) were stored for up to 84 days at 4°C. Addition of any of the treatments greatly reduced total Aerobic Plate Counts (APC). Positive flavor notes associated with fresh beef were enhanced by ingredient addition and tended to be highest in roasts with 3% NaL + 0.2% NaP. Cooked roast beef color was enhanced by addition of NaL alone or in combination with 0.1% NaP. Lipid oxidation and water activity were decreased by addition of NaL with NaP and pH and cooked yield were increased with any level or combination of ingredients.
Protective effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol on the cytotoxicity of ultraviolet B against human skin fibroblasts in vitro. (1990)

The effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol on ultraviolet light, 280-320 nm (UVB)-induced damage of human skin fibroblasts was studied by measuring the colony-forming ability, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Regarding the cell toxicity, the values of the mean lethal dose (D0) of UV in fibroblast strains from 5 normal subjects were examined. D0 increased dose-dependently when the cells were cultured in the presence of dl-alpha-tocopherol at the concentration of 10-1000 micrograms/ml. UDS induced by 500 J/m2 UVB irradiation was not altered by treatment of 100 micrograms/ml dl-alpha-tocopherol. MDA did not increase after 500 J/m2 UVB irradiation in the fibroblasts cultured with 100 micrograms/ml dl-alpha-tocopherol, while MDA in the fibroblasts cultured without dl-alpha-tocopherol increased after irradiation. These results suggest that dl-alpha-tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB, and its mechanism seems to be related to inhibition of UV-induced lipid peroxidation or to the antioxidation effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol.
Non-redundant requirement for CXCR3 signalling during tumoricidal T-cell trafficking across tumour vascular checkpoints (2015)

T-cell trafficking at vascular sites has emerged as a key step in antitumour immunity. Chemokines are credited with guiding the multistep recruitment of CD8(+) T cells across tumour vessels. However, the multiplicity of chemokines within tumours has obscured the contributions of individual chemokine receptor/chemokine pairs to this process. Moreover, recent studies have challenged whether T cells require chemokine receptor signalling at effector sites. Here we investigate the hierarchy of chemokine receptor requirements during T-cell trafficking to murine and human melanoma. These studies reveal a non-redundant role for Gαi-coupled CXCR3 in stabilizing intravascular adhesion and extravasation of adoptively transferred CD8(+) effectors that is indispensable for therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, functional CCR2 and CCR5 on CD8(+) effectors fail to support trafficking despite the presence of intratumoral cognate chemokines. Taken together, these studies identify CXCR3-mediated trafficking at the tumour vascular interface as a critical checkpoint to effective T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Volatile Compounds in Fresh Pulp of Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>[L.] Merr.) from French Polynesia (2001)

Abstract Volatile compounds from fresh pineapple pulp were isolated by organic solvent extraction and were studied by GC/FID and GC/MS. One hundred and eighteen compounds were identified according to their retention time on polar and apolar capillary columns and their mass spectra. They are divided as follow: seven hydrocarbons (3.3%), nine sulfur compounds (10.3%), 42 esters (44.9%), 10 lactones (11.5%), 11 carbonyl compounds (4.7%), 14 acids (7.3%), 11 alcohols and phenols (3.8%), and 14 miscellaneous compounds (14.3%). Four compounds were found at a level greater than 1 mg/kg, methyl octanoate (1.49 ppm), methyl 3-(methylthio)propanoate (1.14 ppm), methyl hexanoate (1.1 ppm) and 3-methyl-2,5-furanedione (1.07 ppm), three others were detected at a level between 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm and 25 at a level between 0.1 ppm and 0.5 ppm. Of these 118 compounds, 71 have already been described in the literature to be present in pineapple aroma. Our study showed that among the 47 newly detected volatile constituents, five free phenolic compounds, four sulfur compounds and a family of furanoid compounds were observed for the first time in the composition of the pineapple aroma.
Rapid purification of homodimer and heterodimer HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase by metal chelate affinity chromatography (1990)

We have modified an Escherichia coli vector expressing 66-kDa HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (p66) so that it simultaneously expresses this and the pol-coded protease. The twin expression cassette yields high quantities of both reverse transcriptase and protease; however, under these conditions, 50% of the over-expressed p66 reverse transcriptase is processed, resulting in accumulation of large quantities of p66/p51 enzyme. Furthermore, addition of a poly(histidine) affinity label at the amino terminus of the reverse-transcriptase-coding sequence (His-p66) permits a simple, rapid purification of milligram quantities of either p66 or p66/p51 enzyme from a crude lysate by metal chelate affinity chromatography. Purified His-p66 and His-p66/His-p51 reverse transcriptase exhibit both reverse transcriptase and RNase H activity. Purification by metal chelate chromatography of a p66/p51 enzyme wherein only the p66 component is labelled strengthens the argument for the existence of a heterodimer.
Exchange of trimethylamine with trimethylamine-borane in benzene. Caveat concerning the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance data (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExchange of trimethylamine with trimethylamine-borane in benzene. Caveat concerning the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance dataGeorge E. Ryschkewitsch and A. H. CowleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3, 745–746Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00706a077RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (272 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesen von α‐Aminophosphonsäuren aus <i>N</i>‐Ethoxyiminium‐Salzen, II (1993)

Syntheses of α‐Aminophosphonic Acids from N ‐Ethoxyiminium Salts, II Nitrones 2 obtained from aldehydes 1 are used for the synthesis of N ‐ethoxyiminium salts 3 . These react with several esters of hydrogen phosphite 4 to give the N ‐methyl α‐amino phosphonic esters 5 to 13 . The N ‐benzyl α‐amino phosphonic esters 24 and 25 can be obtained by the same procedure. Hydrogenolysis and ester hydrolysis afford the α‐amino phosphonic acids 14 as well as 26 and 27 , respectively.
Über 1.2.4‐Triazole, III. Die Umsetzung methylsubstituierter Thiosemicarbazide mit aliphatischen Carbonsäuren (1961)

Abstract S ‐Methyl‐isothiosemicarbazid reagiert mit aliphatischen Carbonsäuren zu 5‐Methylmercapto‐1.2.4‐triazolen, während 2‐Methyl‐, 4‐Methyl‐ und 2.4‐Dimethyl‐thiosemicarbazid 1‐ oder 4‐methylierte bzw. 1.4‐dimethylierte 5‐Thion‐1.2.4‐triazoline liefern. Mit Methyljodid entstehen aus den 1‐ oder 4‐Methyl‐5‐thion‐1.2.4‐triazolinen die 1‐Methyl‐ bzw. 4‐Methyl‐5‐methylmercapto‐1.2.4‐triazole, die auch durch Kondensation von 2. S ‐ und 4. S ‐Dimethyl‐isothiosemicarbazid mit Carbonsäuren darstellbar sind.
Dressed States of Josephson Phase Qubit Coupled to an LC Circuit (2005)

We study the dynamics of a current biased Josephson phase qubit capacitively coupled to an LC circuit. We find that the eigenstates of this system are dressed states that are entangled states between the phase qubit and the LC resonator. We demonstrate that these dressed states can be probed by measuring the avoided crossing in the spectrum of the system. We present our experimental setup to investigate them. This system is interesting not only in demonstrating entanglement, the essential element for quantum information processing (QIP), but also in serving as a first step toward a solid-state analog of cavity QED.