<i>An Introduction to Mössbauer Spectroscopy</i> (1973)

1 Introduction to the Mossbauer Effect.- 1. Pictorial Description.- 2. Background Concepts.- 2. 1. Natural Line Width.- 2. 2. Recoil Energy Loss.- 2. 3. Resonance and Resonance Fluorescence.- 2. 4. Doppler Broadening.- 2. 5. Einstein Solids.- 2. 6. Recoil-Free Emission of Gamma Rays.- 3. The Mossbauer Effect.- 3. 1. Pictorial Approach.- 3. 2. Observation of the Mossbauer Effect.- 4. Theory.- 2 Instrumentation.- 1. Instrumentation.- 1. 1. Gamma-Ray Detection.- 1. 2. Doppler Velocity Drive.- 2. Accuracy and Precision.- 2. 1. Calibration Methods.- 2. 2. Time of Counting.- 3. Experimental Techniques.- 3. 1. Sources.- 3. 2. Mossbauer Absorbers.- 3. 3. f-Factor Measurements.- 3. 4. Variable Temperature.- 3. 5. Scattering Methods.- 4. Applications of Computers to Mossbauer Spectra.- 4. 1. Computation of Mossbauer Spectra from a Theoretical Model.- 4. 2. Curve Fitting of Mossbauer Data by Least-Square Analysis.- 4. 3. Curve Fitting of Mossbauer Data by Constrained Least-Square Analysis.- 3 Nuclear Properties Determined from Mossbauer Measurements.- 1. A Phenomenological View of the Hyperfine Interactions.- 2. Differences in the Nuclear Charge Radius?R/R.- 2. 1. ?|?(0)|2 from Pure Ionic Valence States.- 2. 2. ?|?(0)|2 from Band Theory.- 2. 3. ?|?(0)|2 Caused by Overlap.- 2. 4. ?|?(0)|2 from the Shielding of p Holes.- 2. 5. ?R Ratios Method.- 2. 6. Nuclear Information from?R.- 3. Nuclear Quadrupole Moments Q and Spins I.- 3. 1. Quadrupole Moment Ratios Q*/Q.- 3. 2. Direct Determination of Quadrupole Moment Values.- 3. 3. Direct Determination of Nuclear Spins.- 4. Nuclear Magnetic Dipole Moments.- 5. Nuclear Lifetimes.- 6. Internal Conversion.- 7. Parity, Multipole Mixing, and Time Reversal.- 7. 1. Mossbauer Observation of Parity Nonconservation.- 7. 2. Multipole Mixing and Time Reversal.- 8. Nuclear Reactions and Devices.- 4 The Electric Field Gradient Tensor.- 1. The Standard Form EFG Tensor Due to a Single-Point Charge.- 2. The Ligand Contribution.- 3. The Valence Electron Contribution.- 4. Quadrupole Splittings.- 4. 1. The Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction.- 4. 2. Ligand-Only Splittings.- 4. 3. Valence-Only Splittings.- 4. 4. Ligand-Valence Combined Splittings.- 5. Potpourri.- 5. 1. Compounds with Internal Magnetic Fields.- 5. 2. Applied Magnetic Fields.- 5. 3. The Gol'danskii-Karyagin Effect.- 5. 4. Single Crystal Samples.- 6. The Utility of EFG Information.- Appendix I.- Appendix II.- 5 Application to Solid-State Physics.- 1. Isomer Shift.- 2. Magnetic Hyperfine Structure.- 3. Electric Quadrupole Interaction.- 4. Lattice Dynamics.- 6 Application to Coordination Chemistry.- 1. Crystalline Structure.- 2. Complex Isomerism.- 2. 1. Cis-Trans Isomerism.- 2. 2. Ligand Linkage Isomerism.- 2. 3. Spin-State Equilibria.- 3. Structure of Complicated Complex Compounds.- 4. Electronic Structure of Molecules.- 4. 1. Using Ligand Field Theory.- 4. 2. Using Molecular Orbital Theory.- 4. 3. Using the Spin Hamiltonian.- 7 Application to Organometallic Compounds.- 1. Isomer Shifts.- 1. 1. Organoiron Compounds.- 1. 2. Organotin Compounds.- 2. Quadrupole Splitting.- 2. 1. Organoiron Compounds.- 2. 2. Organotin Compounds.- 3. Conformational Studies.- 3. 1. Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl [COTFe(CO)3].- 3. 2. [?-C5H5Fe(CO)2]2 SnCl2 and Related Molecules.- 4. Conclusion.- 8 Mossbauer Spectroscopy and Physical Metallurgy.- 1. Mossbauer Application to Physical Metallurgy.- 1. 1. Precipitation in the Cu-Fe System.- 1. 2. Phase Transition in Stainless Steel.- 1. 3. Internal Oxidation Studies.- 1. 4. Magnetic Properties in Au-Fe Alloys.- 1. 5. Near-Neighbor Interaction in ?-Fe-Mo Alloys.- 1. 6. Near-Neighbor Interaction in Fe-C Alloys.- 1. 7. Order-Disorder in FeAl and Fc3Al.- 1. 8. Thin Films and Superparamagnetism.- 1. 9. Mossbauer Effect as a Nondestructive Analytical Tool.- 2. Physical Metallurgy Considerations Concerning the Mossbauer Effect.- 3. Summary.- 9 Application to Biochemical Systems.- 1. Hemoproteins.- 2. Experimental Conditions.- 2. 1. Enrichment.- 2. 2. Effect of Thickness.- 2. 3. State of the Absorber.- 3. Effect of Experimental Variables.- 3. 1. Effect of Temperature.- 3. 2. Effect of Magnetic Field.- 4. Spin-Spin Equilibrium.- Appendix A Nomenclature of Mossbauer Spectroscopy.- Appendix B Bibliographic Sources.- Appendix C Selected References on Mossbauer Spectroscopy.