gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aquaporin-mediated increase in root hydraulic conductance is involved in silicon-induced improved root water uptake under osmotic stress in Sorghum bicolor L. (2014)

The fact that silicon application alleviates water deficit stress has been widely reported, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here the effects of silicon on water uptake and transport of sorghum seedlings (Sorghum bicolor L.) growing under polyethylene glycol-simulated osmotic stress in hydroponic culture and water deficit stress in sand culture were investigated. Osmotic stress dramatically decreased dry weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf water content, but silicon application reduced these stress-induced decreases. Although silicon application had no effect on stem water transport capacity, whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and root hydraulic conductance (Lp) were higher in silicon-treated seedlings than in those without silicon treatment under osmotic stress. Furthermore, the extent of changes in transpiration rate was similar to the changes in Kplant and Lp. The contribution of aquaporin to Lp was characterized using the aquaporin inhibitor mercury. Under osmotic stress, the exogenous application of HgCl2 decreased the transpiration rates of seedlings with and without silicon to the same level; after recovery induced by dithiothreitol (DTT), however, the transpiration rate was higher in silicon-treated seedlings than in untreated seedlings. In addition, transcription levels of several root aquaporin genes were increased by silicon application under osmotic stress. These results indicate that the silicon-induced up-regulation of aquaporin, which was thought to increase Lp, was involved in improving root water uptake under osmotic stress. This study also suggests that silicon plays a modulating role in improving plant resistance to osmotic stress in addition to its role as a mere physical barrier.
Genetic Algorithms In Pipeline Optimization (1985)

The application of a genetic algorithm to the steady state optimization of a serial liquid pipeline is considered. Genetic algorithms are search procedures based upon the mechanics of natural genet...
Some Chemical Data on British Carboniferous Sediments and Their Relationship to the Clay Mineralogy of These Rocks (1960)

Analyses of shales, mudstones and associated strata from the British Coal Measures reflect the general similarity of the clay mineralogy of the rocks studied. Variations in the Na ~ :K+ ratio appear to be due to variations in the Na+ :K+ ratio in illite. It is suggested that degraded illite supplied to the site of sedimentation had a bigher Na+ :K+ ratio than the illite now present in the shales and that post-depositional changes have caused a fall in this ratio. Under conditions of rapid sedimentation such changes tend to be inhibited by rapid burial. In the seat earths, produced by very slow sedimentation, post-depositional changes continued to an advanced stage and resulted in low Na+ :K+ ratio in the final sedimentary rock.
Suppression of nuclear oscillations in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> expressing Glu tubulin (2004)

In most eukaryotic cells, the C-terminal amino acid of alpha-tubulin is aromatic (Tyr in mammals and Phe in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and is preceded by two glutamate residues. In mammals, the C-terminal Tyr of alpha-tubulin is subject to cyclic removal from the peptide chain by a carboxypeptidase and readdition to the chain by a tubulin-Tyr ligase. There is evidence that tubulin-Tyr ligase suppression and the resulting accumulation of detyrosinated (Glu) tubulin favor tumor growth, both in animal models and in human cancers. However, the molecular basis for this apparent stimulatory effect of Glu tubulin accumulation on tumor progression is unknown. Here we have developed S. cerevisiae strains expressing only Glu tubulin and used them as a model to assess the consequences of Glu tubulin accumulation in cells. We find that Glu tubulin strains show defects in nuclear oscillations. These defects are linked to a markedly decreased association of the yeast ortholog of CLIP170, Bik1p, with microtubule plus-ends. These results indicate that the accumulation of Glu tubulin in cells affects microtubule tip complexes that are important for microtubule interactions with the cell cortex.
The effect of kerogen on the elastic anisotropy of organic-rich shales (2013)

ABSTRACT The elastic properties of reservoir rocks are important for geomechanics applications; the most important of which are: analysis of stress changes due to production, analysis of rock deformation and failure, wellbore trajectory optimization, and the design of hydraulic fractures. Organic-rich shales are often observed to be strongly anisotropic due to the partial alignment of anisotropic clay minerals and the bedding-parallel lamination of organic material within the shale. Neglecting shale anisotropy may lead to incorrect estimates of the in situ stress or stress changes resulting from production. As a result, isotropic models may fail to describe geomechanical behavior correctly. The distribution of the organic phase plays an important role in determining the elastic properties of organic-rich shales, and this has a significant effect on production-induced stress changes. The presence of kerogen leads to a decrease in all of the elastic moduli, and has a significant effect on the geomechanical behavior of shales. The change in horizontal effective stress for a given change in pore pressure resulting from production is greater for kerogen-rich shales, and the neglect of anisotropy in predicting such stress changes may lead to significant errors.
Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo stability of a succinimide intermediate observed on a therapeutic IgG1 molecule (2013)

Deamidation of asparagine residues, a post-translational modification observed in proteins, is a common degradation pathway in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The kinetics of deamidation is influenced by primary sequence as well as secondary and tertiary folding. Analytical hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is used to evaluate hydrophobicity of candidate mAbs and uncover post-translational modifications. Using HIC, we discovered atypical heterogeneity in a highly hydrophobic molecule (mAb-1). Characterization of the different HIC fractions using LC/MS/MS revealed a stable succinimide intermediate species localized to an asparagine-glycine motif in the heavy chain binding region. The succinimide intermediate was stable in vitro at pH 7 and below and increased on storage at 25°C and 40°C. Biacore evaluation showed a decrease in binding affinity of the succinimide intermediate compared with the native asparagine molecule. In vivo studies of mAb-1 recovered from a pharmacokinetic study in cynomolgus monkeys revealed an unstable succinimide species and rapid conversion to aspartic/iso-aspartic acid. Mutation from asparagine to aspartic acid led to little loss in affinity. This study illustrates the importance of evaluating modifications of therapeutic mAbs both in vitro and in serum, the intended environment of the molecule. Potential mechanisms that stabilize the succinimide intermediate in vitro are discussed.
The History of the Taj and The Buildings in its Vicinity. M. Moin-ud-din. Agra, 1905. (1911)

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Butylsoyamide Increases Unsaturation of Fatty Acids in Plasma and Milk of Lactating Dairy Cows (1996)

This study was designed to determine whether dietary butylsoyamide increased unsaturation of fatty acids in milk of lactating dairy cows. Nine Holstein cows were fed three diets in a 3 x 3 Latin square design, replicated three times. One diet was a control with no added fat, and the other two diets were supplemented (3.5% of the DM) with either soybean oil or butylsoyamide. Milk yields and DMI were similar for the three diets. Milk fat percentage and FCM were reduced by soybean oil, but not by butylsoyamide. Milk protein yield was reduced when butylsoyamide was fed, and milk fat yield was reduced when soybean oil was fed. The soybean oil supplement disrupted ruminal fermentation, causing total VFA and acetate concentrations to decline; the butylsoyamide supplement had no effect on ruminal VFA. The proportion of linoleic acid in plasma fatty acids was similar with the control (54.3%) and soybean oil (52.0%) diets but was higher with butylsoyamide (59.0%). Linoleic acid concentration in milk fat averaged 3.60, 4.77, and 6.28% for the control, soybean oil, and butylsoyamide diets, respectively. Conversion of soybean oil to butylsoyamide protected unsaturated fatty acids from ruminal biohydrogenation, causing linoleic acid to increase in the plasma and milk of dairy cows.
Treatment of Essential Hypertension with a New Vasodilator in Combination with Beta-Adrenergic Blockade (1970)

A new piperidino-pyrimidine vasodilator (PDP) when used in the treatment of 11 hypertensive patients, lowered blood pressure from 188/124 to 159/100 over six to seven days. blood-pressure responses to standing, cold-pressor test and Valsalva maneuver persisted, and postural symptoms did not occur despite marked reduction of blood pressure. However, the antihypertensive action was associated with reflexly induced increases in heart rate, cardiac index and norepinephrine excretion and evidence of myocardial ischemia in some patients. Selective beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol prevented this augmentation of cardiac activity and further decreased blood pressure. Although glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were unchanged, sodium retention occurred in all patients. Such retention appeared to be readily controllable with oral diuretics in the one patient to whom it was given. Thus, PDP combined with propranolol results in highly effective lowering of blood pressure in hypertensive patients without attendant postural symptoms, and may provide an important new approach to antihypertensive therapy.
Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide in colonic physiology and pathophysiology (2010)

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic gas that is now recognized as an important mediator of many physiological processes. In the colon, H₂S is produced both endogenously and by naturally occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The full arrays of its effects in the gastrointestinal tract are still being elucidated, but they range from motility to carcinogenesis. We examined the evidence relating to H₂S as a modulator of colonic function and disease. H₂S is implicated in modulation of colonic compliance through its action on smooth muscle. There is also evidence linking H₂S to colonic nociception, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. The exact mechanisms and pathways by which H₂S exerts its multitude of effects are not yet fully understood, but its involvement in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the colon is becoming evident. Elucidating the intricate effects of H₂S in the colon and understanding the exact nature of its interactions with the colon makes pharmacological modulation of H₂S production and metabolism potential targets for treatment of a multitude of colonic conditions in the future.
A low power NMOS LDO in the Philips CO50PMU process (2006)

In this report a new architecture of an NMOS Low Drop Out (LDO) Regulator is proposed. It features a new frequency compensation technique to enable better regulation. The LDO Regulator handles large load currents with good stability (25° phase margin for low load currents from no load till 2mA and then towards 90°for larger load currents) and a good transient response (overshoot and undershoot less than 3% for a load step from 1mA to 500mA). The quiescent current of the LDO is 50μA, with a load capacitor of 470nF. The LDO is scalable for different maximum load currents without impact on stability. In Standby mode the LDO is stable with a quiescent current three times smaller than the normal operation. The application of the NMOS LDO is in Power Management Units for all the handheld and mobile application devices like the mobile phones, Apple IPODs etc.
Processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses (1993)

The genomic RNA of pestiviruses is translated into a large polyprotein that is cleaved into a number of proteins. The structural proteins are N terminal in this polyprotein and include three glycoproteins called E0, E1, and E2 on the basis of the order in which they appear in the polyprotein. Using pulse-chase experiments, we show that a pestiviral glycoprotein precursor, E012, is formed that is processed into E0, E1, and E2 in an ordered fashion. Processing is initiated by a nascent cleavage between the capsid and the translocated E012 followed by cleavage at the C terminus of E2. E012 is then rapidly cleaved to form E01 and E2. After E2 is released from the precursor, E01 is processed into E0 and E1. To identify the sites of cleavage, the N termini of the glycoproteins of the pestivirus classical swine fever virus (formerly termed hog cholera virus) were sequenced after expression in the vaccinia virus system. The N termini are Glu-268 for E0 (gp44/48), Leu-495 for E1 (gp33) and Arg-690 for E2 (gp55). The sequences around the cleavage sites capsid/E0 and E1/E2 conform to the rules known for cellular signal proteases, as does the sequence at the presumed C terminus of E2. The sequence upstream of the E0/E1 cleavage site also shows sequence characteristics of signalase processing sites but lacks the typical hydrophobic signal peptide; this cleavage site has characteristics in common with a site in flaviviruses that is also cleaved in a delayed fashion. The absence of any membrane-spanning region results in the shedding of E0 by infected cells, and E0 can be detected in the virus-free supernatant. Comparison of the sequences around the cleavage sites of pestiviruses suggests a general processing scheme for the structural glycoproteins. Comparison of the pesti- and flaviviral structural glycoproteins suggests analogies between E012 and prM-E.
Bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer ( <scp>MIBC</scp> ): a review of the literature and a practical approach to therapy (2013)

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Bladder preservation therapies for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) have been developed to address the needs of two cohorts: patients with severe medical co-morbidities for whom radical cystectomy is too high risk and patients with limited disease who wish to avoid aggressive surgery. There are multiple bladder preservation options, although the trimodal approach of maximal transurethral resection with chemoradiotherapy is the most strongly supported. While outcomes are worse for patients unfit for surgery than those otherwise fit for surgery, bladder preservation approaches still offer curative potential. We present a comprehensive review of the literature and outline a practical approach to bladder preservation therapy for MIBC. This review aims to help urologists easily navigate through the decision tree of therapeutic options. Radical cystectomy (RC) is associated with considerable morbidity. Aside from the perioperative period, RC with urinary diversion poses great potential for long-term complications and morbidity. Bladder preservation therapies for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) have been developed to address the needs of two cohorts: patients with severe medical co-morbidities for whom a radical surgery is too high risk and patients with limited disease who wish to avoid radical surgery. The goal of achieving complete response to treatment while maintaining bladder form and function has led to the development of multimodal approaches to this disease. There are multiple bladder preservation options, although the trimodal approach of maximal transurethral resection with chemoradiotherapy is the most strongly supported. In medically operable patients ('fit' for surgery), there is abundant evidence to support trimodal therapy as an acceptable treatment option for highly selected patients with MIBC with favourable pathological parameters. While outcomes are worse for medically inoperable patients ('unfit' for surgery), bladder preservation approaches still offer curative potential. However, prospective trials comparing the above regimens to RC are still needed to better define their role in the treatment of MIBC. We present a comprehensive review of the literature and outline a practical approach to bladder preservation therapy for MIBC.
<title>Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Based, Slow-Scan, Integrating Imaging System</title> (1980)

A CCD-based imaging system has been developed for the White Light Coronagraph/X-Ray XUV Telescope experiment on the International Solar Polar Mission, The flight system supports two separate focal plane CCDs, one of which is an 800 x 800 pixel array for white light detection, the other a 256 x 320 device for the 8-750 Å band. Each CCD has its own dedicated clocking circuitry and preamplifier. Each employs correlated double sampling, Once the output signals are beyond the amplification stages, however, both devices use the same processing hardware. The flight system is controlled by an on-board microprocessor which compresses, formats and buffers the data for acquisition by the telemetry system, A breadboard system which uses a minicomputer as controller and image processor has been assembled and tested, This system has been used to evaluate the sensitivity and imaging characteristics of several CCDs, Sample results of X-ray and XUV illuminations are shown. The minicomputer system supports not only bench testing, but payload integration, checkout and post-launch data and analysis as well. The imaging and data analysis software developed during breadboard testing is incorporated directly into these other program phases.
Artificial lipid bilayers in a microfabricated system (2004)

A microfabricated silicon device for studying artificial lipid bilayer systems is described. The experimental apparatus employed enable the simultaneous acquisition of electrical and optical data. Reconstitution of channel-forming proteins into an artificial lipid bilayer formed across an aperture in the silicon device is demonstrated.
Biological activities and metabolites fromTrevoa trinervis Miers (1997)

Chilean folklore medicine uses Trevoa trinervis Miers. (Rhamnaceae), ‘trevo’, for the treatment of inflammation caused by wounds and burns. The antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities of crude methanol, aqueous and successive hexane, dichloromethane, methanol extracts of the aerial part were studied. The fractionation of the most potent extract (dichloromethane), led to the isolation of the pentacyclic triterpenoids betulinic (the major metabolite), oleanolic and ursolic acids, along with β-sitosterol. Evaluation of the acute oral toxicity of the crude methanol extract showed it to be nontoxic. The crude methanol and the aqueous extracts were assayed for their antineoplastic activity against P-388 murine leukaemia, A-549 human lung carcinoma and HT-29 colon carcinoma showing no activity. Betulinic acid was also assayed showing some activity against the neoplastic cell lines, but only residual activity against Mel-28 melanona cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Recursive Data Processing in Graphs using Reduction. (2003)

This paper presents an algorithm for recursive data processing in directed graphs. The proposed algorithm applies graph reduction in order to determine both starting points and a correct ordering of recursive operations, provided the directed graph is a-cyclic. Therefore it is essential that the algorithm is also able to detect cycles efficiently. The algorithm arose from the implementation of recursive, semantic query specifications and is implemented in a DBMS prototype. Experiments confirmed that the theoretically estimated time complexity is O(dN), where N is the number of arcs and d is the depth of the graph (d £ N). The worst-case performance is O(N2), also for cycle detection.
Overexpression of a Modified Plant Thionin Enhances Disease Resistance to Citrus Canker and Huanglongbing (HLB) (2016)

Huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening disease) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is a great threat to the US citrus industry. There are no proven strategies to eliminate HLB disease and no cultivar has been identified with strong HLB resistance. Citrus canker is also an economically important disease associated with a bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas citri). In this study, we characterized endogenous citrus thionins and investigated their expression in different citrus tissues. Since no HLB-resistant citrus cultivars have been identified, we attempted to develop citrus resistant to both HLB and citrus canker through overexpression of a modified plant thionin. To improve effectiveness for disease resistance, we modified and synthesized the sequence encoding a plant thionin and cloned into the binary vector pBinPlus/ARS. The construct was then introduced into Agrobacterium strain EHA105 for citrus transformation. Transgenic Carrizo plants expressing the modified plant thionin were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Successful transformation and transgene gene expression was confirmed by molecular analysis. Transgenic Carrizo plants expressing the modified thionin gene were challenged with X. citri 3213 at a range of concentrations, and a significant reduction in canker symptoms and a decrease in bacterial growth were demonstrated compared to nontransgenic plants. Furthermore, the transgenic citrus plants were challenged with HLB via graft inoculation. Our results showed significant Las titer reduction in roots of transgenic Carrizo compared with control plants and reduced scion Las titer 12 months after graft inoculation. These data provide promise for engineering citrus disease resistance against HLB and canker.
Tablet and Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly (1994)

There are a range of therapeutic options available for the management of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Diet remains the mainstay of treatment although this must be realistic. If diet alone is unsuccessful then, for most patients, short-acting sulphonylurea agents are the treatment of choice. Second line agents include the biguanide, metformin, or an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. A significant proportion of type 2 diabetic patients will, however, eventually require insulin to alleviate symptoms of poor control and improve glycaemia. In this article I discuss the therapeutic options available for diabetic management in the elderly, with particular emphasis on the pros and cons of insulin treatment.