gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic aspects of fish olfaction (2008)

Flow into and around the olfactory chamber of a fish determines how odorant from the fish's immediate environment is transported to the sensory surface (olfactory epithelium) lining the chamber. Diffusion times in water are long, even over comparatively short distances (millimetres). Therefore, transport from the external environment to the olfactory epithelium must be controlled by processes that rely on convection (i.e. the bulk flow of fluid). These include the beating of cilia lining the olfactory chamber and the relatively inexpensive pumping action of accessory sacs. Flow through the chamber may also be induced by an external flow. Flow over the olfactory epithelium appears to be laminar. Odorant transfer to the olfactory epithelium may be facilitated in several ways: if the olfactory organs are mounted on stalks that penetrate the boundary layer; by the steep velocity gradients generated by beating cilia; by devices that deflect flow into the olfactory chamber; by parallel arrays of olfactory lamellae; by mechanical agitation of the chamber (or olfactory stalks); and by vortices. Overall, however, our knowledge of the hydrodynamics of fish olfaction is far from complete. Several areas of future research are outlined.
Inkjet printing of 200 nm monodisperse carbon nanoparticles: From nanoparticles synthesis to smart ink formulation (2013)

International audience
Even data placement for load balance in reliable distributed deduplication storage systems (2015)

Modern distributed storage systems often deploy deduplication to remove content-level redundancy and hence improve storage efficiency. However, deduplication inevitably leads to unbalanced data placement across storage nodes, thereby degrading read performance. This paper studies the load balance problem in the setting of a reliable distributed deduplication storage system, which deploys deduplication for storage efficiency and erasure coding for reliability. We argue that in such a setting, it is generally challenging to find a data placement that simultaneously achieves both read balance and storage balance objectives. To this end, we formulate a combinatorial optimization problem, and propose a greedy, polynomial-time Even Data Placement (EDP) algorithm, which identifies a data placement that effectively achieves read balance while maintaining storage balance. We further extend our EDP algorithm to heterogeneous environments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our EDP algorithm under real-world workloads using both extensive simulations and prototype testbed experiments. In particular, our testbed experiments show that our EDP algorithm reduces the file read time by 37.41% compared to the baseline round-robin placement, and the reduction can further reach 52.11% in a heterogeneous setting.
Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene: Chemical Modifications and Applications (2012)

Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene is a low molecular weight telechelic, translucent liquid rubber which finds a wide range of applications. The presence of double bonds and hydroxyl end groups can be effectively utilized to chemically modify into various functional groups such as epoxy, urethane, urethane methacrylate, carboxylic acid, ester, amine etc. Further, terminal carbon atom can be also be functionalized. In this review, preparation, properties, chemical modification and applications are discussed in detail.
Phase II trial of imatinib mesylate (STI-571) in metastatic melanoma (MM) (2004)

7528 Background: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™), an oral inhibitor of phosphorylation of certain tyrosine kinases (TK), is active in gastrointestinal stromal tumors which are chemotherapy resistant. Perhaps MM may respond to Gleevec, especially if the tumor cells or microenvironment express one of the known TK targets: KIT, PDGF receptors α or β, c-abl, or ARG. Methods: Tumor biopsies from MM patients (pts) were screened by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TK expression in more than 25% of the cells, as a condition for enrollment in a Phase II trial testing Gleevec @ 400 mg bid. Results: All 31 pts screened met this criterion and 21 of them were treated with Gleevec (median age 58, male [13]; stage IV [19]; PS 0–1 [20]; prior Rx: none [8], Intron-A [8], one chemotherapy [5]). The one patient with strongest expression of KIT in over 75% of tumor cells tolerated treatment for one year and achieved near complete response in in-transit, inguinal/iliac, and lung metastases with marked PET scan improvement as early as 6 weeks. Quantitative dual immunofluorescence in baseline and 2nd week tumor specimens revealed a decrease in phosphoKIT relative to total KIT expression in the responder and also in 4 of 5 non-responders tested to-date. CD31/TUNEL assay showed an increase in both tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis in the responding tumor. Sequencing from this tumor's RNA revealed serine deletion at codon 715 of kit (Exon 15, Kinase II Domain), probably a result of alternate RNA splicing, with a short:long isoform ratio of 5:1. This alternate splicing has been seen in colon cancer but not in normal colon from the same patient and may be a tumor specific event. Sixteen pts (77%) had progressive disease within 6 weeks and 4 pts within 12 weeks, obviating accrual into the 2nd stage. Two pts bled in progressing metastases. Pts experienced nausea/vomiting, rash, fluid retention, fatigue (one each grade III) and only modest myelosuppression - all as reported at lower doses. Conclusions: Strong TK expression in a majority of tumor cells by IHC may predict Gleevec response in MM. More stringent assays to better select the rare patients likely to respond are being investigated, as are other ways to exploit the agent's biologic effects. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Interactive spatial copy wall for embodied interaction in a virtual co-existing space (2005)

A significance of a sense of togetherness or co-existence among remote communication partners has been pointed out in computer mediated communication area. In order to create such a co-existing situation, the presence of remote partners should be expressed at each place. In this paper, we propose a novel tangible human avatar display for remote interpersonal communication based on an idea integrating a video avatar expressing the fidelity of the embodiment, with a robot avatar as the physical presence. As a result, we devised "interactive spatial copy wall" ("ISCW") system, which represents a three-dimensional shape of remote partners with hundreds of movable pipes and remote participants can interact with each other by operating these movable pipes. We design this system based on modularity and we construct "ISCW" system of 192 cylinder modules. At the end, we discuss a possibility of this tangible avatar display when compared to the previous communication systems.
PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway is Dominant over Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells (2010)

Background : Androgen receptor (AR) and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling are two of the most important pathways implicated in prostate cancer. Previous work has shown that there is crosstalk between these two pathways; however, there are conflicting findings and the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here we studied the AR–PI3K pathway crosstalk in prostate cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo . Methods : Quantitative PCR, Western analysis, reporter assays, and proliferation analyses in vitro and in vivo were used to evaluate the effect of PI3K pathway inhibition on AR signaling and cell growth. Results : Transcriptional activity of AR was increased when the PI3K pathway was inhibited at different levels. In the androgen responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, androgen and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin synergistically activated androgen target genes. Despite increased androgen signaling, rapamycin treatment reduced LNCaP cell growth; the AR antagonist bicalutamide potentiated this effect. Furthermore, the rapamycin derivative CCI-779 reduced the growth of CWR22 prostate cancer xenografts while increasing AR target gene expression. Conclusions : These findings suggest that inhibition of the PI3K pathway activates AR signaling. Despite the increase in AR signaling which has proliferative effects, the result of PI3K pathway inhibition is antiproliferative. These findings suggest that the PI3K pathway is dominant over AR signaling in prostate cancer cells which should be considered in developing novel therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
Two-Dimensional Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Composites Embedded with Au Nanoclusters: A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor toward Detecting Cocaine (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) zirconium-based metal-organic framework nanosheets embedded with Au nanoclusters (denoted as 2D AuNCs@521-MOF) were prepared via a one-pot method under mild conditions. The optimized 2D AuNCs@521-MOF nanosheets not only possessed high specific surface area, physicochemical stability, and good electrochemical activity but also exhibited strong bioaffinity toward biomolecule-bearing phosphate groups. Consequently, a large amount of cocaine aptamer strands can be immobilized onto the substrate modified by 2D AuNCs@521-MOF nanosheet, further leading to the formation of a constructed biosensitive platform, which can be used to successfully detect cocaine through the specific binding interactions between cocaine and aptamer strands. The results demonstrated that the 2D AuNCs@521-MOF-based aptasensor had high sensitivity for detecting cocaine within the broad concentration range of 0.001-1.0 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> and the low limit of detection of 1.29 pM (0.44 pg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) and 2.22 pM (0.75 pg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry, respectively. As expected, with the advantages of high selectivity, repeatability, stability, and simple operation, this new strategy is believed to exhibit great potential for simple and convenient detection of cocaine.
Possible mechanism for the formation of oxiranes in reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with olefins (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPossible mechanism for the formation of oxiranes in reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with olefinsMichael J. S. Dewar, Anselm C. Griffin, Walter Thiel, and Ignatius J. TurchiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 15, 4439–4440Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00848a072Request reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (261 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Free-space daylight single-photon communications over 1.6 km (2000)

Summary form only given. The QKD transmitter, Alice, consists of three diode lasers (a timing laser and two data lasers: one data laser transmits vertical polarized photons, while the other transmits 45 degree polarized photons, two matching interference filters (IF), two optical attenuators, two linear polarizers, two non-polarizing beamsplitters, a 27/spl times/ beam expander, and a single-photon detector (SPD). The two data-laser (dimpulse) wavelengths are temperature controlled and constrained by the IF to 773/spl plusmn/0.5 nm, while the timing-laser (bright-pulse) transmitted wavelength is temperature controlled to /spl sim/768 nm. The data-lasers are configured to emit dim-light pulses of /spl sim/1 ns duration, and the SPD measures the average photon number per transmitted dim-pulse. This system uses the B92 QKD protocol, but could be easily adapted to the BB84 QKD protocol. The transmitter incorporates no active polarization switching.
Quantum propagation: Squeezing via modulational polarization instabilities in a birefringent nonlinear medium (1988)

We calculate the spectrum of quadrature fluctuations of orthogonal polarizations of light for a beam propagating along a birefringence axis of a dispersive transparent Kerr medium. Reshaping and tuning of the spectrum is achievable by variation of the pump power or the linear birefringence: Wide-band squeezing is predicted, and its relationship to modulational polarization instabilities discussed.
掌中的命运 渐闻未完的镇魂之歌&高达SEED D最终话预想 (2005)

爱与恨、对与错、是与非、正义与邪恶在一次次的战斗中混淆不清最后能留下的是什么?思念?伤悲?同情?仇恨?耳边渐渐的响起管风琴高昂且悲伤的低声吟唱……命运的终结,生命的终结,一切的终结,即将到来……
The Creative Work of Two Cuban Filmmakers : Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Fernando Pérez (2007)

Cinéastes cubains après la Révolution : Tomás Gutierrez Alea et Fernando Pérez. Le cinéma cubain, qui existait avant 1959, prend une importance exceptionnelle après le triomphe de la Révolution et la fondation de l’Institut Cubain de l’Art et de l’Industrie Cinématographiques. L’article évoque deux réalisateurs de deux générations successives qui ont maintenu leur liberté de création dans le documentaire comme dans la fiction.
Potentiation of concanavalin A-bound L1210 vaccine in vivo by chemotherapeutic agents. (1978)

Abstract Inoculations (twice) of L1210 murine leukemic vaccine prepared in the presence of glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A induced resistance in BALB/c × DBA/2 F 1 mice against a subsequent challenge by 10 3 live L1210 cells. Administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) before the second vaccination enhanced the production of resistance in mice by L1210 vaccine. This enhancement was dependent on the dose of CY, the timing of CY administration, and the vaccine preparations. CY (100 mg/kg) administered on either day of Day -1 to Day -3 of the second vaccination, although not of the first vaccination, produced enhancement. Vaccine-bound concanavalin A was essential for the production of synergistically enhanced immunity by the vaccine and CY. Kinetic study showed that enhancement was derived from the net increase of immune response, not from the earlier production of the maximal response inducible by the vaccine. Enhanced immune resistance by L1210 vaccine and CY was specific for L1210 leukemia, as evidenced by a lack of resistance to a subsequent challenge with P388 leukemic cells. Peritoneal exudate cells, not spleen cells, seem responsible for enhanced immunity. With agent specificity, other chemotherapeutic agents including mitomycin C, Adriamycin, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil induced enhancement of L1210 vaccine-induced immune resistance, whereas 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine did not.
A Novel Digital Audio Processing Scheme Based on Bit Expansion Asynchronous Dithering (2006)

This paper presents an asynchronous dithering scheme based on bit expansion subtractive dithering as well as bit expansion non subtractive dithering algorithm to enhance the quality of digital audio playback. The bit expansion asynchronous dithering system is suitable for implementation on both portable CD players and Hi-Fi systems with improved sound quality with enhanced performance in tone, smoothness and dynamic range. This scheme is particularly appealing to portable CD players due to its relatively low power requirement.
Effect of spatial coherence on damage occurrence in multimode optical fibers (2015)

We investigate the influence of spatial coherence on damage occurrence in highly multimode optical fibers using ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond pulses, with the aim of delivering high fluence in the UV. In some cases, the optical damage is initiated below the fiber facet damage threshold and takes place along the propagation path; such damage is believed to be caused by local constructive interference, creating "hot spots." In order to reduce the degree of spatial coherence, we used a large-diameter core (1.5 mm) fiber as a mode scrambler. Different lengths of this large core fiber were used to deliver energy to a fiber core with a smaller diameter (0.6 mm), in which the damage occurrence was observed. The experimental results indicate that there is a correlation between the degree of spatial coherence and the occurrence of optical damages, typically observed a few millimeters from the fiber facet. Numerical simulations, based on the beam-propagation method, support the degradation of spatial coherence, due to the excitation of high-order modes. Finally, by degrading the spatial coherence of the beam, we establish a new record by delivering more than 100 mJ via a 1.5 mm core diameter fiber in the UV, corresponding to ∼26 times the critical power for self-focusing. Our work sheds light on the ability to deliver high energies of nanosecond-pulsed UV laser radiation through multimode optical fibers.
Automatic Cell Layout in the 7nm Era (2017)

Multi patterning technology used in 7nm technology and beyond imposes more and more complex design rules on the layout of cells. The often non local nature of these new design rules is a great challenge not only for human designers but also for existing algorithms. We present a new flow for the automatic cell layout that is able to deal with these challenges by globally optimizing several design objectives simultaneously. Our transistor placement algorithm not only minimizes the total cell area but simultaneously optimizes the routability of the cell and finds a best folding of the transistors. Our routing engine computes a detailed routing of all nets simultaneously. In a first step it computes an electrically correct routing using a mixed integer programming formulation. To improve yield and optimize DFM, additional constraints are added to this model.
Light Sheet Microscopy Turned Vertically (2015)

Abstract Living cells and organisms often suffer from the high light intensities used for fluorescent imaging. Light sheet microscopy reduces phototoxic effects and bleaching by illuminating a specimen in only a single plane at a time. A new light sheet microscope combines light sheet and confocal microscopy in one system without compromising either functionality and allows the combination of the two methods, e.g. confocal photomanipulation with subsequent light sheet acquisition, for new applications.
INDUCTION OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN SENSITIVE HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BY EXTRACTS CONTAINING DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM RESISTANT HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (1953)

Resistance to streptomycin, of a degree exceeding 1000 microg. per ml., has been induced in sensitive strains of Hemophilus influenzae by exposure for 10 minutes to desoxyribonucleic acid-containing extracts isolated from a strain of type b Hemophilus influenzae which had emerged resistant to 1000 microg. of streptomycin per ml. DNA is essential for the process which brings out this change; the reaction can be prevented by destruction of the DNA with crystalline desoxyribonuclease.The resistant trait which is created in this way is heritable. The nature of the process which induces resistance is similar in all respects to the reaction which induces heritable changes in type specificity of H. influenzae. These results offer another example of the gene-like action of highly specific DNA's. The pattern of resistance brought out in a bacterial population exposed to the DNA-containing, resistance-inducing extract, is similar to that which occurs when emergence of resistance of H. influenzae to streptomycin follows the selection by streptomycin of spontaneously occurring resistant mutants. The change in a bacterial cell from average susceptibility to streptomycin to resistance to 1000 microg. of streptomycin per ml. can occur in a single step.
An accurate technique for simultaneous measurement of 3D position and velocity of a moving object using a single ultrasonic receiver unit (2010)

An ultrasonic localization system is described in the paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system that can simultaneously identify not only the 3D position, but also the velocity of a moving object. The proposed system uses an original and innovative method called Extended Phase Accordance Method (EPAM) that can precisely identify the distance between an ultrasonic microphone and a moving transmitter by rapidly estimating the frequency shift of the transmitted signal. One remarkable feature of the proposed system is the use of a single compact receiver unit, which will reduce deployment labor and costs. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed system shows the 3D position and velocity estimation with sufficient accuracy.
[Protease and reverse transcriptase genetic polymorphism in HIV type 1 subtype A variants predominating in cis countries]. (2006)

To define frequencies of drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 variants circulating within the territory of Russia, subtype A HIV-1 nucleotide sequences encoding protease and reverse transcriptase were analyzed. The analysis was carried out in 141 antiretroviral-naive individuals. Low frequency (less than 1%) of primary drug resistance mutations was shown. However, high frequencies of secondary mutations V77I in protease and A62V in RT (67% H 63%, respectively) linked to each other in most cases were observed. The HIV-1 isolates bearing both substitutions (MutV77I/A62V) were also characterized by the presence of several synonymous mutations, suggesting common origin for these viruses. HIV Biochip Hybridization microarray and/or Restriction fragment-length polymorphism analyses were performed to characterize gene pol polymorphism in additional 178 subtype A HIV-1 isolates. Among total 319 samples studied, Mutv77IA62V variant accounted for 56%, and was found to predominate in Russia in terms of both its geographical distribution and number of cases caused. Moreover, these viruses were prevalent in the regions known to have highest incidence of HIV-1 infection (Irkutsk, Samara, and Moscow regions). In addition, three other variants were found: viruses not containing the substitutions V77I or A62V, and variants bearing only one of them. Evolutional relationships between all four HIV-1 variants, as well as potential impact of the gene pol polymorphism on HIV-1 replicative fitness and drug resistance development are discussed.
Permeability (1933)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More