gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Products of alternatively spliced transcripts of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, wt1, have altered DNA binding specificity and regulate transcription in different ways. (1995)

The Wilms' tumor susceptibility gene, wt1, encodes a transcription factor of the zinc finger protein family. Mutations in the WT1 gene product have been detected in both sporadic and familial Wilms' tumors, suggesting that alterations in WT1 may disrupt its normal function as a transcriptional regulator. The transcripts of wt1 are alternatively spliced; however, roles of the alternatively spliced forms have not been defined. The major transcript of wt1 encodes a WT1 protein [WT1(+KTS)+17AA] that contains three amino acids (+KTS) between the third and fourth zinc fingers and a serine-rich, 17 amino acid (+17AA) domain N-terminal to the zinc finger region. We now show that the WT1 (+KTS) forms functionally bind to a unique G+C-rich sequence within the PDGF A-chain promoter. We also show that WT1 (+KTS)+17AA functions as a strong transcriptional repressor and that +17AA alone fused to the zinc-finger domain of WT1 or to the heterologous DNA binding domain of GAL4 functions independently as a repressor. Deletion of four serine residues within +17AA abolishes the repressor activity of +17AA. These results indicate that wt1 products with +17AA contain an additional dominant repressor domain and that the presence or absence of +KTS determines alternative DNA binding specificity.
Clustering-Based Summarization of Transactional Chatbot Logs (2019)

Transactional chatbots have become popular today, as they can automate repetitive transactions such as making an appointment or buying a ticket. As users interact with a chatbot, rich chat logs are generated to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of the chatbot, which is the ratio of chats that lead to a successful state such as buying a ticket. A fundamental operation to achieve such analyses is the clustering of the chats in the chat log, which requires effective distance functions between a pair of chat sessions. In this paper, we propose and compare various distance measures for individual messages as well as whole sessions. We evaluate these measures using user studies on Mechanical Turk, where we first ask users to use our chatbots, and then ask them to judge the similarity of messages and sessions. Finally, we provide anecdotal results showing that our distance functions are effective in clustering messages and sessions.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cerebral Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy (2004)

Diffusion-weighted MR images and their analysis using the tensor model open up many new possibilities for tissue characterization, surgical planning, and treatment follow-up in patients with cerebral neoplasms. These possibilities are only just beginning to be fully explored. This article reviews the physical principles underlying diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); the various postprocessing methods available for DTI data in the context of tumor imaging; the commonly encountered patterns of tumor-related alteration to cerebral white matter, as depicted by directionally encoded color maps; and the current state of the art in DTI-based tumor diagnosis and treatment planning.
Pano-presence for teleoperation (2005)

Telepresence and teleoperation are immersive viewing and control by a user from a remote location. Usual implementations use a standard narrow field of view (FOV) camera and a communications link, and a head mounted display (HMD). Teleoperating a robotic vehicle or surveying a scene with such system and a computer monitor is difficult for human operators due to the narrow FOV of standard cameras, the unintuitive interface for directing the camera, and the loss of directional sense. For this reason these systems often use a head mounted display (HMD) instead of a monitor, however this introduces the HMD pose latency problem of latency and slow update due to the mechanical motion of the camera and the communications link. Even with good equipment, the experience is disorienting and slow. This paper proposes a pano-presence architecture for telepresence for applications such as teleoperation based on panoramic cameras, a communications link, and an HMD. The panoramic camera, capable of capturing light from all azimuth directions, provides a panorama which is be transported over the communications link to a panorama frame buffer for viewing in the HMD screen(s). The panorama viewing rate is decoupled from the communications latency so the user can look around freely without experiencing HMD pose latency problem, the delay in the HMD's image alignment with the head position. A panorama frame format of an image cube is chosen since it can be viewed at full frame rate with the acceleration in consumer graphics cards. Two prototype systems, one telepresence and one teleoperation, using this architecture are described.
The Human brain circulation : functional changes in disease (1994)

Positron Emission Tomography of the Brain: In Vivo Techniques for Studying Cerebrovascular Pathophysiology. Some Features of the Functional Anatomy of Human Cerebral Blood Vessels. Neural Pathways to the Cerebral Circulation in Human. Neuropeptides in Human Cerebral Arteries: Occurrence Characterization and Receptors. Norepinephrine and Neuropeptide Y as Neurotransmitters to Cerebral Arteries. Putative Transmitters in Cerebral Neurogenic Vasodilation. Is There a Neurogenic Influence on the Diameter of Human Small Pial Arteries? Autonomic Receptors in Human Brain Arteries. Cholinergic Receptors in Human Brain Arteries and Microvessels: Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Peptide Receptors in Human Brain Arteries. Ion Channels in Cerebral Arteries. A Comparison of the Properties of EDRF Nitric Oxide and S-Nitrosocysteine. Endothelium-Dependent Contraction of Cerebral Arteries. Myogenic (Stretch- Induced) and Flow-Regulated Tone of Human Pial Arteries. Mechanisms of Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Cerebral Vasodilitation. Regulation of Pituitary Circulation. Aspects of the Choroid Plexus- Cerebrospinal Fluid System. Collateral Pial Arteries. The Intracerebral Circulation. Cerebral Circulation of the Fetus and Newborn. Functional Changes in the Aging Cerebrovasculature. Species Differences in Pial Functional Characteristics. Regulation of the Circulation of the Brain: A Systemic Approach. Vascular Tissue Preservation Techniques. In Vitro Small Artery Methodology. Molecular Aspects of Endothelial Function in Hemostasis Inflammation and Thrombosis. The Role of 21- Aminosteroids in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion. Therapeutic Potential of L-Arginine a Precursor of Nitric Oxide in Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Acute Vasospasm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Role of Protein Kinase C. Chronic Cerebrovasospasm: Role of Increased Vascular Wall Rigidity. Feeding Artery Rigidity and Hemodynamics of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. Effects of Acute Hypertension on Pial Artery Tone. Changes in the Cerebral Circulation in Chronic Hypertension. Can Vascular Headaches Be Triggered by the Autonomic Nervous System? Importance of Cerebrovascular Receptors in Cluster Headache. Index.
Degradation of .BETA.-lactamase inhibitor (2S,3R,5S)-3-methyl-7-oxo-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide(YTR-830H) in the solid state. Structural elucidation. (1988)

(2S, 3R, 5S)-3-Methy1-7-oxo-3-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-4-thia-l-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid 4, 4-dioxide (YTR-830H) is a new β-lactamase inhibitor.It was found that the thermal degradation of powdered or lyophilized samples of YTR-830H produced (Z)-3-methyl-4-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-y1)-2-butenoic acid (YTR-830H-IV), 2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfino-4-(1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-1-y1)-butyric acid (YTR-830H-II) and its related degradation products, andformylacetic acid (YTR-830H-III).
Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes. (1991)

Recombinant phages that carry the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene were isolated from human genomic DNA libraries. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence matches those of cDNAs but differs from the protein sequence previously reported at one amino acid position, codon 359. The gene containing one 5' untranslated exon and eight coding exons extends for 27 kb on human chromosome 2. The intron between codons 84 and 85 (site 3) is unique to the two smooth muscle actin genes. In the 5' flanking region, there are several CArG boxes and E boxes, which are regulatory elements in some muscle-specific genes. Hybridization with the 3' untranslated region, which is specific for the human smooth muscle gamma-actin gene, suggests the single gene in the human genome and specific expressions in enteric and aortic tissues. From characterized molecular structures of the six human actin isoform genes, we propose a hypothesis of evolutionary pathway of the actin gene family. A presumed ancestral actin gene had introns at least sites 1, 2, and 4 through 8. Cytoplasmic actin genes may have directly evolved from it through loss of introns at sites 5 and 6. However, through duplication of the ancestral actin gene with substitutions of many amino acids, a prototype of muscle actin genes had been created. Subsequently, striated muscle actin and smooth muscle actin genes may have evolved from this prototype by loss of an intron at site 4 and acquisition of a new intron at site 3, respectively.
DeepBurning (2016)

Recent advances in Neural Networks (NN) are enabling more and more innovative applications. As an energy-efficient hardware solution, machine learning accelerators for CNNs or traditional ANNs are also gaining popularity in the area of embedded vision, robotics and cyberphysics. However, the design parameters of NN models vary significantly from application to application. Hence, it's hard to provide one general and highly-efficient hardware solution to accommodate all of them, and it is also impractical for the domain-specific developers to customize their flown hardware targeting on a specific NN model. To deal with this dilemma, this study proposes a design automation tool, DeepBurning, allowing the application developers to build from scratch learning accelerators that targets their specific NN models with custom configurations and optimized performance. DeepBurning includes a RTL-level accelerator generator and a coordinated compiler that generates the control flow and data layout under the user-specified constraints. The results can be used to implement FPGA-based NN accelerator or help generate chip design for early design stage. In general, DeepBurning supports a large family of NN models, and greatly simplifies the design flow of NN accelerators for the machine learning or AI application developers. The evaluation shows that the generated learning accelerators burnt to our FPGA board exhibit great power efficiency compared to state-of-the-art FPGA-based solutions.
Advanced Power Conditioning System (1971)

The second portion of the advanced power conditioning system development program is reported. Five 100-watt parallel power stages with majority-vote-logic feedback-regulator were breadboarded and tested to the design goals. The input voltage range was 22.1 to 57.4 volts at loads from zero to 500 watts. The maximum input ripple current was 200 mA pk-pk (not including spikes) at 511 watts load; the output voltage was 56V dc with a maximum change of 0.89 volts for all variations of line, load, and temperature; the maximum output ripple was 320 mV pk-pk at 512 watts load (dependent on filter capacitance value); the maximum efficiency was 93.9% at 212 watts and 50V dc input; the minimum efficiency was 87.2% at 80-watt load and 50V dc input; the efficiency was above 90% from 102 watts to 372 watts; the maximum excursion for an 80-watt load change was 2.1 volts with a recovery time of 7 milliseconds; and the unit performed within regulation limits from -20 C to +85 C. During the test sequence, margin tests and failure mode tests were run with no resulting degradation in performance.
Inflammation Driven by Overexpression of the Hypoglycosylated Abnormal Mucin 1 (MUC1) Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pancreatitis (2010)

Migration of MUC1-specific T cells to the colon and the pancreas in diseased mice suggests that pancreatitis is an extraintestinal site of IBD, characterized by proinflammatory abnormal expression of MUC1. Therapies directed against abnormal MUC1 have the potential of targeting the disease in both sites.
SUT-2 potentiates tau-induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans (2009)

Expression of human tau in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons causes accumulation of aggregated tau leading to neurodegeneration and uncoordinated movement. We used this model of human tauopathy disorders to screen for genes required for tau neurotoxicity. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in the sut-2 locus suppress the Unc phenotype, tau aggregation and neurodegenerative changes caused by human tau. We cloned the sut-2 gene and found it encodes a novel sub-type of CCCH zinc finger protein conserved across animal phyla. SUT-2 shares significant identity with the mammalian SUT-2 (MSUT-2). To identify SUT-2 interacting proteins, we conducted a yeast two hybrid screen and found SUT-2 binds to ZYG-12, the sole C. elegans HOOK protein family member. Likewise, SUT-2 binds ZYG-12 in in vitro protein binding assays. Furthermore, loss of ZYG-12 leads to a marked upregulation of SUT-2 protein supporting the connection between SUT-2 and ZYG-12. The human genome encodes three homologs of ZYG-12: HOOK1, HOOK2 and HOOK3. Of these, the human ortholog of SUT-2 (MSUT-2) binds only to HOOK2 suggesting the interaction between SUT-2 and HOOK family proteins is conserved across animal phyla. The identification of sut-2 as a gene required for tau neurotoxicity in C. elegans may suggest new neuroprotective strategies capable of arresting tau pathogenesis in tauopathy disorders.
Skeletal muscle lipids. III. Changes in fatty acid composition of individual phosphoglycerides in man from fetal to middle age (1974)

The fatty acids in cardiolipin, choline phosphoglyceride, ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, inositol phosphoglyceride, and serine phosphoglyceride in the human gastrocnemius muscle were studied for changes between early fetal age to middle age. In cardiolipin, choline phosphoglyceride, and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, the relative total amount of the linoleic acid series increased considerably during the prenatal period and reached maximum values during the first year of life. In inositol phosphoglyceride and serine phosphoglyceride, only slight changes in the sum of fatty acids of the linoleic acid series were found. An increase in the concentration of fatty acids of the linolenic acid series was found in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride and serine phosphoglyceride, while only minor amounts of these fatty acids were present in choline phosphoglyceride and inositol phosphoglyceride and not at all in cardiolipin. During the period studied, the amount of plasmalogen in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride decreased slightly during the first year of life and then remained at 40%. The amount of plasmalogen increased in choline phosphoglyceride from 8% at the middle of the gestational period to 15% 1 yr after birth. The individual phospholipids were found to have characteristic fatty acid patterns.
ON-LINE MEASUREMENT OF SOLIDIFIED SHELL THICKNESS AND ESTIMATION OF CRATER END SHAPE OF CC SLABS BY ELECTROMAGNETIC ULTRASONIC METHOD (1985)

To establish the technique for producing high-temperature slabs required in the continuous casting-direct rolling process, a method for measuring the solidified shell thickness of continuously cast slabs using the eletromagnetic ultrasonic technigue has been developed and put into practical use at Nippon Steel's Sakai Works. The main features of this method are as follows:(1) On-line, real time, non-contact measurements are made every 15 seconds.(2) Sensors scan transversally and measurements can be made at any points desired.Comparing the results of measurement by this method with those by a destructive method in which special aluminum-plated rivets are driven into a 250mm thick slab, it was found that the error in measurement (standard deviation) by this method is 1.2mm.A method for estimating the location and shape of the crater end (end of unsolidified layer) has also been developed by combining this shell thickness measuring method with a two-dimensional solidification simulation model.During the commercial operation of the continuous casting machine, variations in shell thickness due to changes in casting speed were measured exactly and the interesting W-shaped crater end was obtained. This measuring system has been operating smoothly, making a great contribution to the stabilization of continuous casting operation.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor Activation in the Rat Intestinal Mucosa (2003)

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal growth and function in rodents and human subjects. GLP-2 exerts its effects through a seven-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-2R), stimulating cAMP generation and activating protein kinase A signaling in heterologous cell lines transfected with the GLP-2R. As intestinal cell lines expressing the GLP-2R have not been identified, we developed methods for studying GLP-2R signaling in the rat small intestinal mucosa in vitro. Isolated rat intestinal mucosal cells expressed mRNA transcripts for the GLP-2R, as well as for chromogranin A and beta-tubulin III, markers for enteroendocrine and neural cells, respectively. cAMP production in response to [Gly2]GLP-2, a degradation-resistant analog of GLP-2, was maximal at 10-11 m (268 +/- 93% of control, P < 0.001), with reduced cAMP accumulation observed at higher doses. The cAMP response was diminished by pretreatment with 10-9 m GLP-2, and was abolished by pretreatment with 10-6 m GLP-2 (P < 0.05), indicating receptor desensitization. GLP-2 treatment of isolated mucosal cells increased 3H-thymidine incorporation (to 128 +/- 8% of controls, P < 0.05), and this was prevented by inhibition of the protein kinase A pathway with H89. In contrast, GLP-2 did not affect p44/p42 MAPK phosphorylation or the levels of cytosolic calcium in the mucosal cell preparation. These results provide the first evidence that activation of the endogenous rat mucosal GLP-2 receptor is linked to activation of a cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent, growth-promoting pathway in vitro.
CONTRIBUTIONS (2001)

W. Dean Spencer, John. C. Morgan II, Ralph Svetic, Robert W. Vallin, Francisco Balibrea, Frank S. Carter, R. G. Bartle, Dave Renfro, Tuan Seng Chew, CONTRIBUTIONS, Real Analysis Exchange, Vol. 27, No. 1 (2001-2002), pp. 2-3
FPGA implementation of nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC decoder based on EMS algorithm (2009)

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes over GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ) show significantly higher performances than binary LDPC codes. However, the hardware complexity and area of the decoder are largely increasing. In this paper, putting the code and decoder design together to consider, we propose a FPGA semi-parallel implementation of extended min-sum (EMS) decoding algorithm for quasi-cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes over GF (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ). According to the regularity of their parity check matrices, QC-LDPC codes can facilitate efficient high-speed parallel decoding. The EMS decoding algorithm greatly reduces the computational complexity of processing units, check node unit (CNU). In addition, the updating calculation of the check node unit and variable node unit (VNU) can be overlapped to decrease the time latency and increase the throughput. Based on these architectures, the (486,972) QC-LDPC code over GF (4) decoder is implemented on Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) Virtex4 XC4VLX160. The result shows that the maximum clock frequency is 131.411 MHz and the throughput is 50 Mb/s for the EMS decoder.
Thermoplastic Magnet Having Highly Improved Heat-Resistance (1985)

Plastic magnets were formed with SmCo 5 powder using nylon-12 (PA-12), and PBT (conventional type and low-viscosity type) binders. The magnetic properties and resistance to thermal degradation were studied. Whereas general magnetic properties were best for PA-12 magnets, such properties as the flexure strength and heat resistance were better for PBT magnets, directly reflecting the binder properties. When metal, oxide, a heat-resistant coupling agent, and a conventional coupling agent were used to coat SmCo 5 powder, the best stability against heating was obtained for the metal coating (stable to above 300°C), followed by the oxide coating, heat-resistant coupling agent, and conventional coupling agent.
Micronucleus induction in V79 cells after direct exposure to whole cigarette smoke (1998)

Previous investigations on the effects of cigarette smoke on cultured cells have used mainly smoke condensate dissolved in culture medium. A system has been designed which allows direct exposure of cells to fresh cigarette smoke, without an intervening layer of growth medium between the cells and the smoke. Preliminary results have been obtained which demonstrate the viability of the system. V79 cells were cultured on porous membranes (Transwell; Costar). During smoke exposure only the lower surface of each Transwell is supplied with culture medium from the bottom of the culture chambers. In this way the cells had direct contact with the atmosphere at the upper surface and could be exposed directly to the test compound. The constructed exposure system consists of a smoke generator and an exposure unit containing six Transwells, the latter contained in an incubator. Cigarette smoke was generated using a standard 2 s, 35 ml puff once per min. The puff is diluted with conditioned air from the incubator and injected into the exposure unit. Following exposure of the cells to air only for 3 h there was no effect upon V79 cell viability. However, after exposure to smoke containing between 88 and 224 mg/m3 particulate matter, an inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of micronuclei was measured. When a Cambridge filter pad was placed between the cigarette and the cell exposure system to remove particulate matter cell proliferation was also reduced and an increased frequency of micronuclei above the control value was measured.
Tutorial: Tying a well to seismic using a blocked sonic log (2014)

Abstract Well ties to seismic data establish the fundamental link between geology as we measure it in a well bore and the seismic expression of geology that we work with as interpreters. This tutorial presents an example of tying a well to time-processed seismic data using a blocked sonic log for a case in which neither a vertical seismic profile, a synthetic seismogram, nor a check-shot survey is available. The described procedure requires only pencil and paper to quickly produce an acceptable well tie.
Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Carbon Hydrogel Film as a Substrate‐Free Electrode for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2014)

A three-dimensional (3D) electrode composed of nitrogen, oxygen dualdoped graphene-carbon nanotube hydrogel film is fabricated, which greatly favors the transport and access of gas and reaction intermediates, and shows a remarkable oxygen-evolution catalytic performance in both alkaline and acidic solutions.
Unraveling the Patterns of Subclinical Pheomelanin-Enriched Facial Hyperpigmentation: Effect of Depigmenting Agents (2000)

Sensitive fluorescence video recording combined with image analysis represents an advance in the noninvasive assessment of the mottled subclinical skin pigmentation. The depigmenting effect observed with the soy extract indicates that the inhibition of PAR-2 may be a novel way to approach certain pigmentary disorders of the skin.