gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:math>-axis transport and resistivity anisotropy of lightly to moderately doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystals: Implications on the charge transport mechanism (2002)

Both in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})$ are measured in high-quality ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ single crystals in the lightly to moderately doped region $0.01<~x<~0.10,$ and the resistivity anisotropy is determined. In all the samples studied, the anisotropy ratio ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ quickly increases with decreasing temperature, although in nonsuperconducting samples the strong localization effect causes ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ to decrease at low temperatures. Most notably, it is found that ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ at moderate temperatures $(100--300 \mathrm{K})$ is almost completely independent of doping in the nonsuperconducting regime $(0.01<~x<~0.05);$ this indicates that the same charge confinement mechanism that renormalizes the c-axis hopping rate is at work down to $x=0.01.$ It is discussed that this striking x independence of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ is consistent with the idea that holes form a self-organized network of hole-rich regions, which also explains the unusually metallic in-plane transport of the holes in the lightly doped region. Furthermore, the data for $x>0.05$ suggest that the emergence of the superconductivity is related to an increase in the c-axis coupling.
Loss of serum HCV RNA at week 4 of interferon‐α therapy is associated with more favorable long‐term response in patients with chronic hepatitis C (1995)

To determine the virological factors associated with a favorable long-term response to interferon-alpha (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 61 Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with IFN for 24 weeks (780 million units in total) and followed for 8 to 16 months after cessation of therapy. Ten patients dropped out because of severe side effects. Of the 51 patients who completed IFN therapy, 23 showed complete and sustained response (CR --> SR), 13 complete response with early relapse (CR --> Rel), and 15 no response to IFN (NR). For the pretreatment serum HCV RNA level, 20/23 who had CR --> SR had < 10(6) eq/ml compared to 3/13 CR --> Rel and 1/15 NR (P < 0.01). Serologically defined HCV type 2 infection was also associated with a better opportunity to develop CR --> SR compared to CR --> Rel of NR (P < 0.01). Loss of serum HCV RNA at week 4 of IFN therapy was also associated with a more favorable long-term response [17/19 CR --> SR were HCV RNA negative compared to 3/11 CR --> Rel (P < 0.01) and 2/13 NR (P < 0.01)]. In contrast, normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at week 4 was found in 9/19 CR --> SR compared to 8/11 CR --> Rel (P = NS), and 0/13 in NR (P < 0.01). Six months after cessation of IFN therapy, 3/25 CR --> SR patients were HCV RNA positive despite normalization of serum ALT levels. These data indicated that in addition to pretreatment serum HCV RNA levels and HCV type, the kinetics of response to IFN (at week 4) were also predictive of subsequent long-term response to IFN in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Differential gene expression profiling of short and long term denervated muscle (2005)

Skeletal muscle function and viability are dependent upon intact innervation. Peripheral nerve injury and muscle denervation cause muscle atrophy. Time to re-innervation is one of the most important determinants of functional outcome. While short-term denervation can result in nearly fully reversible changes in muscle mass, prolonged denervation leads to irreversible muscle impairment from profound atrophy, myocyte death and fibrosis. We performed transcriptional profiling to identify genes that were altered in expression in short-term (1 month) and long-term (3 month) denervated muscle and validated the microarray data by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Genes controlling cell death, metabolism, proteolysis, stress responses and protein synthesis/translation were altered in expression in the denervated muscle. A differential pattern of expression of genes encoding cell cycle regulators and extracellular matrix components was identified that correlated with the development of irreversible post-denervation changes. Genes encoding mediators of protein degradation were differentially expressed between 1 and 3 month denervated muscle suggesting different signaling networks are recruited over time to induce and maintain muscle atrophy. Understanding of the timing and type of pathological processes that are triggered by denervation may allow the design of interventions that delay or protect muscle from loss of nerve function.
An Improved Procedure for the Oxidation of Alkynols to Alkynoic Acids (1974)

Abstract The chromic acid oxidation of alkynols I to the corresponding alkynoic acids II is a well known process.1 However, in most cases, the yield of the desired acid is poor to moderate (20–50%) due to the formation of the ester III as a by-product.
Management of QoS in Distributed MPEG Video Systems (2004)

With the advance in computer and network technologies, multimedia systems and Internet applications are becoming more popular. As broadband network is prevailing, more clients are able to watch streaming videos or to play multimedia data over the Internet in real-time. Consequently, there is an increasing demand in the Internet for streaming video systems. As the run-time environment of such applications tends to be dynamic, it is imperative to handle transient overloads effectively. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm that would provide a robust and controlled behavior of the video system so that important data is delivered on time to the video clients. In order to address this problem, we propose a QoS-sensitive approach that is using the technique of imprecise computation and is based on the principle of tuning. Our algorithm is aimed to provide the best possible QoS to the clients in the current available network capacity. As an environment to work with we have used a video system called QMPEGv2. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Through experiments, we show that the system can adapt to dynamic changes in network conditions and provide almost always the best possible QoS to its clients. Guaranteeing a certain minimal QoS level to all clients is only possible when, in run time, an admission controller adjusts the number of clients admitted to the system according to the capacity of the network and video servers.
Effects of Trans-4-Aminomethylcyclohexane Carboxylic Acid as an Antifibrinolytic Agent on Arterial Wall and Experimental Atherosclerotic Lesions in Rabbits (1970)

Summary Effects of trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) as an antifibrinolytic agent on the experimental arteriosclerosis produced by cholesterol feeding and on the experimental thromboembolism induced by autogenous fibrin clot injection were observed in rabbits. Effect of inhibited fibrinolysis on the arterial wall itself was also observed. Administration of 500 mg/kg body weight of t-AMCHA highly inhibited the lysis time of serum, but there was no influence on the plasma fibrinogen level. There was no significant difference in the cholesterol level, sudanophilia of the aorta and the accumulation of foam cells in the aorta and pulmonary arteries between t-AMCHA + cholesterol group and cholesterol group. Edema in the subendothelial layer of the aorta and elastic pulmonary artery, proliferation and swelling of the endothelial cells, and edema of the subendothelial layer of large muscular pulmonary arteries were increased in the incidence and severity in t-AMCHA treated animals. Localized intimai fibrous thickening was found in large muscular artery in t-AMCHA treated animals. Small fibrin thrombi and angitis were rarely found in muscular pulmonary artery in t-AMCHA treated animals. Fibrinolytic activity of blood and dissolution of clots in the pulmonary arteries were depressed by t-AMCHA treatment in the animals injected autogenous fibrin clots, while the inflammatory reaction in the arterial wall was less severe as compared with that of untreated animals. It was reasonable to presume that the inhibition of fibrinolysis would promote the development of atherosclerosis through its influence on the fibrin dissolution on and in the arterial wall, and on the vascular permeability of the arterial wall.
The mechanism of translational coupling in Escherichia coli. Higher order structure in the atpHA mRNA acts as a conformational switch regulating the access of de novo initiating ribosomes. (1994)

Bacterial genes are commonly transcribed to form polycistronic mRNAs bearing reading frames whose respective translational efficiencies are not independently determined. As in many bacterial operons, expression of the atp genes of Escherichia coli is strongly influenced by translational coupling. The gene pair atpHA is tightly coupled, whereby atpA is translated at least three times more efficiently than atpH. However, there is no fixed stoichiometry of coupling: mutations in atpH lead to increases in the translation ratio (atpA/atpH) of up to approximately 40-fold. We have demonstrated that secondary structure sequestering the atpA translational initiation region (TIR) is important to the coupling mechanism in that it inhibits de novo translational initiation at the atpA start codon. Genetic and structural analyses indicate that this inhibitory structure can be induced to refold into a less inhibitory conformation either by introducing two single-base substitutions or as a result of ribosomes translating atpH. We propose a model in which the secondary structure of the atpA TIR acts analogously to a gating device in that it restricts de novo ribosomal initiation until it is switched into a more open conformation. This contrasts with the function of a stem-loop structure located immediately downstream of atpA and upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno region of atpG, which was found to inhibit translation, but not to mediate tight coupling. Results obtained using the specialized ribosome system of Hui and de Boer ((1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 4762-4766) indicate that primarily ribosomes reinitiating after termination on atpH are responsible for inducing refolding of the atpA TIR. The principle of alternative mRNA conformations with different functional properties embodied in the model presented here can only be fulfilled by certain types of structure. It is likely to operate in several steps of prokaryotic gene expression, underlying a range of regulatory events including transcriptional attenuation and translational activation.
Putrescine as a modulator of the level of RNA polymerase σS subunit in Escherichia coli cells under acid stress (2006)

Metabolites accumulated in the culture medium of Escherichia coli cells induce expression of the rpoS gene encoding the alternative sigmaS subunit of RNA polymerase, which controls adaptation of E. coli to acid stress during growth in glucose-mineral medium. The effect of acetate and succinate as end products of E. coli metabolism has been investigated on the levels of transcription, translation, and sigmaS protein stability. These end products mainly influenced the stability of the RNA polymerase sigmaS subunit. Under conditions of acid stress caused by acetate addition, the content of polyamines in the cells and medium decreased, whereas artificial rpoS gene switch-off by antisense RNA was accompanied by increase in polyamine level. Addition of polyamine to E. coli cells treated with acetate and especially with succinate caused a significant concentration-dependent stimulatory effect on rpoS expression. Thus, induction of the rpoS regulon depends on the combined action of the investigated metabolites determining adequate control of gene expression under conditions of acid stress. A scheme for metabolic pathways describing the role of putrescine in the maintenance of intracellular pH and polyamine pool homeostasis during E. coli adaptation to acid stress is proposed.
Non-active Site Changes Elicit Broad-based Cross-resistance of the HIV-1 Protease to Inhibitors (1999)

Three high level, cross-resistant variants of the HIV-1 protease have been analyzed for their ability to bind four protease inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir) as AIDS therapeutics. The loss in binding energy (DeltaDeltaG(b)) going from the wild-type enzyme to mutant enzymes ranges from 2.5 to 4.4 kcal/mol, 40-65% of which is attributed to amino acid substitutions away from the active site of the protease and not in direct contact with the inhibitor. The data suggest that non-active site changes are collectively a major contributor toward engendering resistance against the protease inhibitor and cannot be ignored when considering cross-resistance issues of drugs against the HIV-1 protease.
Polymerization of olefins in the presence of metal powders with homogeneous catalysts (1993)

Abstract Homogeneous catalysts based on metallocenes/methylaluminoxane are totally absorbed on surfaces of different metals. Because the methylaluminoxane is relatively stable against small molecules such as water covering metal surfaces, the aluminoxane can be fixed on powders without losing its activity. After treatment with the metallocene, active sites are only formed on the surface of the fillers. Upon injection of the olefins they are polymerized in the presence of the metals. Olefins such as ethene and propene, and cycloolefins or dienes, are used.
Boronic Acids as Bioorthogonal Probes for Site‐Selective Labeling of Proteins (2018)

Over the past two decades, bioorthogonal chemistry has become a preferred tool to achieve site-selective modifications of proteins. However, there are only a handful of commonly applied bioorthogonal reactions and they display some limitations, such as slow rates, use of unstable or cytotoxic reagents, and side reactions. Hence, there is significant interest in expanding the bioorthogonal chemistry toolbox. In this regard, boronic acids have recently been introduced in bioorthogonal chemistry and are exploited in three different strategies: 1) boronic ester formation between a boronic acid and a 1,2-cis diol; 2) iminoboronate formation between 2-acetyl/formyl-arylboronic acids and hydrazine/hydroxylamine/semicarbazide derivatives; 3) use of boronic acids as transient groups in a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling or other reactions that leave the boronyl group off the conjugation product. In this Review, we summarize progress made in the use of boronic acids in bioorthogonal chemistry to enable site-selective labeling of proteins and compare these methods with the most commonly utilized bioorthogonal reactions.
Recovering watermarks from images (1999)

Many techniques for watermarking of digital images have appeared recently. Most of these techniques are sensitive to cropping and/or a ne distortions (e.g., rotation and scaling). In this paper we describe a method for recognizing images based on the concept of identi cation marks; the method does not require the use of the \\original &amp;quot; image, but only a small number of salient image points. We show that, using our method, it is possible to recognize distorted images and recover their original appearances. Once the image is recognized we use a second technique based on normal ow to ne-tune image parameters. The restored image can be used to recover watermarks that were embedded in the images by their owner.
Differential and Nonredundant Roles of Phospholipase Cγ2 and Phospholipase Cγ1 in the Terminal Maturation of NK Cells (2006)

NK cells play a central role in mediating innate immune responses. Activation of NK cells results in cytotoxicity, cytokine, and chemokine secretions. In this study, we show that in mice with targeted deletion of phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma)2, one of the key signal transducers, there are profound effects on the development and terminal maturation of NK cells. Lack of PLCgamma2 significantly impaired the ability of lineage-committed NK precursor cells to acquire subset-specific Ly49 receptors and thereby terminal maturation of NK cells. Overexpression of isozyme, PLCgamma1, in PLCgamma2-deficient NK cells resulted in the successful Ly49 acquisition and terminal maturation of the NK cells; however, it could only partially rescue NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity with no cytokine production. Furthermore, PLCgamma2-deficient NK cells failed to mediate antitumor cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine production, displaying a generalized hyporesponsiveness. Our results strongly demonstrate that PLCgamma1 and PLCgamma2 play nonredundant and obligatory roles in NK cell ontogeny and in its effector functions.
Virtual workspaces for scientific applications (2007)

Scientists often face the need for more computing power than is available locally, but are constrained by the fact that even if the required resources were available remotely, their complex software stack would not be easy to port to those resources. Many applications are dependency-rich and complex, making it hard to run them on anything but a dedicated platform. Worse, even if the applications do run on another system, the results they produce may not be consistent across different runs.
Nuclear Matrix Protein ARBP Recognizes a Novel DNA Sequence Motif with High Affinity (1995)

ARBP is a nuclear protein that specifically binds to matrix/scaffold attachment regions (MARs/SARs). Here we characterize by DNase I footprinting, dimethyl sulfate protection, and mobility shift assays two binding sites for ARBP within a chicken lysozyme MAR fragment. Our results indicate that ARBP recognizes a novel DNA sequence motif containing the central sequence 5'-GGTGT-3' and flanking AT-rich sequences. Binding occurs through major groove contacts to two guanines of the central sequence. Collective and single-base substitutions in the 5'-GGTGT-3' core motif result in loss or significant reductions of ARBP binding, underscoring the importance of the GC-rich core sequence. Structural elements of the sequence motif are probably also recognized. The affinity of ARBP to both binding sites is surprisingly high [KD = (2-6) x 10(-10) M]. High-affinity recognition of the identified DNA motif in MARs/SARs by ARBP is likely an important feature in the domain organization of chromatin.
Gas turbines for power generation and other applications (1949)

This article describes two gas turbines designed for power generation. Also, a number of other possibilities for gas turbine use are presented to indicate the wide field to which the present units are adapted and to show the general present state of development.
Human RNA lariat debranching enzyme cDNA complements the phenotypes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae dbr1 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe dbr1 mutants (2000)

The cDNA encoding the human RNA lariat debranching enzyme (hDBR1) was identified and cloned by searching the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database and screening a HeLa cDNA library, based on predicted amino acid sequence homologies with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Caenorhabditis elegans debranching enzymes. The hDBR1 cDNA expressed in Escherichia coli showed debranching activity in vitro and was also shown to be functional in an interspecies specific complementation experiment. hDBR1 cDNA in a S. cerevisiae expression vector complemented the intron accumulation phenotype of a S. cerevisiae dbr1 null mutant. Integration of the cDNA for hDBR1 into the ura4 locus of S. pombe also complemented both the intron accumulation and slow growth phenotypes of a S. pombe dbr1 null mutant strain. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of hDBR1 with the other DBR protein sequences showed several conserved regions, with 40, 44 and 43% identity to the S. cerevisiae, S. pombe and C. elegans debranching enzymes, respectively.
DAVS: Dockerfile Analysis for Container Image Vulnerability Scanning (2022)

Container technology plays an essential role in many Information and Communications Technology (ICT) systems. However, containers face a diversity of threats caused by vulnerable packages within container images. Previous vulnerability scanning solutions for container images are inadequate. These solutions entirely depend on the information extracted from package managers. As a result, packages installed directly from the source code compilation, or packages downloaded from the repository, etc., are ignored. We introduce DAVS–A Dockerfile analysis-based vulnerability scanning framework for OCI-based container images to deal with the limitations of existing solutions. DAVS performs static analysis using file extraction based on Dockerfile information to obtain the list of Potentially Vulnerable Files (PVFs). The PVFs are then scanned to figure out the vulnerabilities in the target container image. The experimental shows the outperform of DAVS on detecting Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) of 10 known vulnerable images compared to Clair– the most popular container image scanning project. Moreover, DAVS found that 68% of real-world container images are vulnerable from different image registries.
Individual insurance: health insurers try to tap potential market growth. (2009)

Individual insurance is the only source of health coverage for people without access to employer-sponsored insurance or public insurance. Individual insurance traditionally has been sought by older, sicker individuals who perceive the need for insurance more than younger, healthier people. The attraction of a sicker population to the individual market creates adverse selection, leading insurers to employ medical underwriting--which most states allow--to either avoid those with the greatest health needs or set premiums more reflective of their expected medical use. Recently, however, several factors have prompted insurers to recognize the growth potential of the individual market: a declining proportion of people with employer-sponsored insurance, a sizeable population of younger, healthier people forgoing insurance, and the likelihood that many people receiving subsidies to buy insurance under proposed health insurance reforms would buy individual coverage. Insurers are pursuing several strategies to expand their presence in the individual insurance market, including entering less-regulated markets, developing lower-cost, less-comprehensive products targeting younger, healthy consumers, and attracting consumers through the Internet and other new distribution channels, according to a new study by the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC). Insurers' strategies in the individual insurance market are unlikely to meet the needs of less-than-healthy people seeking affordable, comprehensive coverage. Congressional health reform proposals, which envision a larger role for the individual market under a sharply different regulatory framework, would likely supersede insurers' current individual market strategies.