gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate characterization of next-generation thin-film photodetectors (2020)

The performance of photodetectors fabricated from emerging semiconductors such as perovskites, quantum dots, two-dimensional materials or organics, for example, can be prone to misinterpretation. This Comment exposes the problems and proposes some guidelines for accurate characterization.
Themenheft 27 "Schlafstörungen" (2005)

Schlafstörungen zählen zu den häufigen Beschwerden. So klagen 25 % der Bevölkerung über Schlafstörungen und 11 % erleben ihren Schlaf als »häufig nicht erholsam«. Über die unmittelbaren Folgen für die Betroffenen hinaus, verursachen schlafmedizinische Erkrankungen kostenträchtige Schäden für die Gesellschaft, z. B. durch Einschlafen am Steuer. Das Themenheft behandelt Grundlagen des normalen und gestörten Schlafs sowie die Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie der schlafmedizinischen Erkrankungen.
The Neurothermostat: Predictive Optimal Control of Residential Heating Systems (1996)

The Neurothermostat is an adaptive controller that regulates indoor air temperature in a residence by switching a furnace on or off. The task is framed as an optimal control problem in which both comfort and energy costs are considered as part of the control objective. Because the consequences of control decisions are delayed in time, the Neurothermostat must anticipate heating demands with predictive models of occupancy patterns and the thermal response of the house and furnace. Occupancy pattern prediction is achieved by a hybrid neural net / look-up table. The Neurothermostat searches, at each discrete time step, for a decision sequence that minimizes the expected cost over a fixed planning horizon. The first decision in this sequence is taken, and this process repeats. Simulations of the Neurothermostat were conducted using artificial occupancy data in which regularity was systematically varied, as well as occupancy data from an actual residence. The Neurothermostat is compared aga...
Bordetella parapertussis Survives the Innate Interaction with Human Neutrophils by Impairing Bactericidal Trafficking inside the Cell through a Lipid Raft-Dependent Mechanism Mediated by the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen (2012)

Whooping cough is a reemerging disease caused by two closely related pathogens, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. The incidence of B. parapertussis in whooping cough cases has been increasing since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines containing purified antigens that are common to both strains. Recently published results demonstrated that these vaccines do not protect against B. parapertussis due to the presence of the O antigen on the bacterial surface that impairs antibody access to shared antigens. We have investigated the effect of the lack of opsonization of B. parapertussis on the outcome of its interaction with human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]). In the absence of opsonic antibodies, PMN interaction with B. parapertussis resulted in nonbactericidal trafficking upon phagocytosis. A high percentage of nonopsonized B. parapertussis was found in nonacidic lysosome marker (lysosome-associated membrane protein [LAMP])-negative phagosomes with access to the host cell-recycling pathway of external nutrients, allowing bacterial survival as determined by intracellular CFU counts. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen was found to be involved in directing B. parapertussis to PMN lipid rafts, eventually determining the nonbactericidal fate inside the PMN. IgG opsonization of B. parapertussis drastically changed this interaction by not only inducing efficient PMN phagocytosis but also promoting PMN bacterial killing. These data provide new insights into the immune mechanisms of hosts against B. parapertussis and document the crucial importance of opsonic antibodies in immunity to this pathogen.
Time-dependent growth of zinc hydroxide nanostrands and their crystal structure (2008)

Positively-charged crystalline zinc hydroxide nanostrands with a diameter of 2 nm and a length of a few micrometres rapidly grew in dilute aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and aminoethanol. The nanostrands were composed of hexagonal clusters of [Zn(61)(OH)(116)(H(2)O)(n)](6+).
A Multi-Ink Color-Separation Algorithm Maximizing Color Constancy (2003)

Current color-printing technologies may use three or more inks, e.g., CMY, CMYK, CMYKcm, CMYKGO, CMYKRGB. When the number of inks exceeds three, there is the usual color-management one-to-many mapping problem. Because the spectral properties of many modern inks are optimized for maximum color gamut and in some cases, black ink may not be used for pictorial images, many prints have poor color constancy. Changes in lighting dramatically change color balance, particularly for neutrals. An algorithm was developed for multi-ink printing in which the one-to-many mapping problem was overcome by selecting ink combinations with the best color constancy between illuminants F11 and D50. The algorithm was tested using a pigmented-ink inkjet proofing printer. CMYKGO prints color-separated using this algorithm were compared with a generic ICC profile for CMYKcm prints. The CMYK inks were common to both prints. The new algorithm improved color constancy significantly.
Electrostatic engineering of nanotube transistors for improved performance (2003)

With decreasing device dimensions, the performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) is limited by high OFF currents except at low drain voltages. Introducing an asymmetry between source and drain electrostatics can improve the performance, reducing OFF currents and extending the usable range of drain voltage. The improvement is most dramatic for ambipolar Schottky-barrier CNFETs. Moreover, this approach allows a single device to exhibit equally good performance as an n- or p-type transistor, by changing only the sign of the drain voltage. Even for CNFETs having ohmic contacts, an asymmetric design can greatly improve the performance for small-bandgap nanotubes.
Reaction of peroxomonosulfate radical with manganese(II) in acidic aqueous solution. A pulse radiolysis study (1994)

The reaction between the SO5– radical and MnII has been proposed to be the most important process for regeneration of MnIII in the MnIII/II-catalysed autoxidation of SIV in acidic aqueous solution. In the present study, the second-order rate constant for this reaction has been determined at pH 3. 0 and 10 mmol dm–3 ionic strength by use of pulse radiolysis. The study was performed in the presence of excess SIV. Under these conditions MnII is distributed among the complexes Mn2+(aq), [Mn(HSO3)]+ and [Mn(SO3)Mn]2+. The rate of reaction decreases as a function of increasing [MnII]total which is rationalized qualitatively by a mechanism involving three parallel reactions between SO5– and the MnII complexes, with rate constants k16, k17 and k18, respectively.Mn2++ SO5– [graphic omitted] Mn3++ HSO5–(16), [Mn(HSO3)]++ SO5– [graphic omitted] [Mn(HSO3)]2+ HSO5–(17), [Mn(SO3)Mn]2++ SO5– [graphic omitted] [Mn(SO3)Mn]3++ HSO5–(18), For increasing total concentrations of MnII, formation of the sulfito-bridged complex is favoured which implies that k18 < k16, k17. Values of the second-order rate constant in the range 2 × 10 108–2 × 1010 dm3 mol–1 s–1 have been determined, depending on which MnII species is predominant. Subsequent slow processes are observed following the formation of MnIII. These reactions have been attributed to the disproportionation of MnIII and reactions between the MnIII species and excess SIV. The implications of the present results for the MnIII/II catalysed autoxidation of SIV are discussed.
Trends and opportunities in intelligent power modules (IPM) (2015)

This paper describes the trends and opportunities in IGBT intelligent power modules (IGBT-IPM) for industrial and automotive applications. After the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> generation IPM was released to the market in late 1980's, continuous technical challenges have pushed them higher performance as well as higher power density. The progresses in IPMs have been done with combination of: 1) Special IGBT chip development, 2) On-chip sensors and 3) Drives and protection. Up to now, in the latest generation IGBT chipset, the IPM has better performance of about one-generation when compared to the widely available standard IGBTs. There are two major direction for future challenges are ongoing in IPM development of : 1) the expanding the power range with new gate drive technologies of managing current balancing in multiple IGBTs connected in parallel. 2) Ultra-fast response challenge by implementing the digital isolators to replace opt-couplers.
THE EFFECT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED STEM CELLS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ERECTILE FUNCTION AFTER CAVERNOUS NERVE CRUSH INJURY IN AGED RATS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009THE EFFECT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED STEM CELLS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ERECTILE FUNCTION AFTER CAVERNOUS NERVE CRUSH INJURY IN AGED RATS Thomas M Fandel, Anthony J Bella, Alan W Shindel, Guiting Lin, Maurice M Garcia, Ching-Shwun Lin, and Tom F Lue Thomas M FandelThomas M Fandel More articles by this author , Anthony J BellaAnthony J Bella More articles by this author , Alan W ShindelAlan W Shindel More articles by this author , Guiting LinGuiting Lin More articles by this author , Maurice M GarciaMaurice M Garcia More articles by this author , Ching-Shwun LinChing-Shwun Lin More articles by this author , and Tom F LueTom F Lue More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60136-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "THE EFFECT OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED STEM CELLS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ERECTILE FUNCTION AFTER CAVERNOUS NERVE CRUSH INJURY IN AGED RATS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 44 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 44 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Thomas M Fandel More articles by this author Anthony J Bella More articles by this author Alan W Shindel More articles by this author Guiting Lin More articles by this author Maurice M Garcia More articles by this author Ching-Shwun Lin More articles by this author Tom F Lue More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Using free text information to explore how and when GPs code a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: an observational study using primary care records of patients with ovarian cancer (2011)

There was a vast amount of extra information relating to diagnoses in the free text. Although in most cases text confirmed the coded diagnosis, it also showed that in some cases GPs do not code a definite diagnosis on the date that it is confirmed. For diseases which rely on hospital consultants for diagnosis, free text (particularly letters) is invaluable for accurate dating of diagnosis and referrals and also for identifying misclassified cases.
Characteristics of Rural Children Admitted to Pediatric Hospitals (2016)

Rural children hospitalized at children's hospitals have high rates of medical complexity and often reside in low-income and medically underserved areas. Compared with nonrural children, rural children experience more expensive hospitalizations and more frequent readmissions.
Pushing tumor cells towards a malignant phenotype: Stimuli from the microenvironment, intercellular communications and alternative roads (2013)

The tumor microenvironment produces different types of stimuli capable of endowing tumor cells with an aggressive behavior that is characterized by increased motility, invasiveness and propensity to metastasize, gain of a tumor-initiating phenotype, and drug resistance. The following classes of stimuli have been reported to promote such a malignant phenotype: (i) solid- or fluid-induced stress; (ii) altered composition of the extracellular matrix; (iii) hypoxia and low pH; (iv) innate and adaptive immune responses; (v) antitumor drugs. The simultaneous presence of more than one of these stimuli, as likely occurs in vivo, may lead to synergistic interactions in the induction of malignant traits. In many cases, the gain of a malignant phenotype is not the result of a direct effect of the stimuli on tumor cells but, rather, a stimulus-promoted cross-talk between tumor cells and other cell types within the tumor microenvironment. This cross-talk is mainly mediated by two classes of molecules: paracrine factors and adhesion receptors. Stimuli that promote a malignant phenotype can promote additional outcomes in tumor cells, including autophagy and cell death. We summarize here the available evidence about the variables that induce tumor cells to take one or the other of these roads in response to the same stimuli. At the end of this review, we address some unanswered questions in this domain and indicate future directions of research.
Approximate Query Processing: Taming the TeraBytes (2001)

2 Garofalakis & Gibbons, VLDB 2001 # Outline • Intro & Approximate Query Answering Overview – Synopses, System architecture, Commercial offerings • One-Dimensional Synopses – Histograms, Samples, Wavelets • Multi-Dimensional Synopses and Joins – Multi-D Histograms, Join synopses, Wavelets • Set-Valued Queries – Using Histograms, Samples, Wavelets • Advanced Techniques & Future Directions – Streaming Data, Dependency-based, Work-load tuned • Conclusions Approximate Query Processing: Taming the Terabytes Garofalakis, Gibbons
Pharmacokinetic study of different dosing regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception in healthy women (2002)

The similarity of LNG serum levels obtained with one single dose of 1.5 mg or two doses of 0.75 mg with a 12 h interval justify a clinical comparison of these two regimes.
Development of Silicon-substituted Xanthene Dyes and Their Application to Fluorescent Probes (2016)

Fluorescence imaging is one of the most powerful techniques for visualization of the temporal and spatial biological events in living cells. Many fluorescent probes have been developed so far and contributed greatly to biological and medical researches. For biological applications, xanthene dyes have many favorable characteristics, such as high water solubility and high fluorescence quantum yield, and have been utilized as the fluorescent core for a large number of fluorescent probes. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel red fluorescein analogue, TokyoMagenta (TM), in which the O atom at the 10 position of the xanthene moiety is replaced with a Si atom, and the absorption and emission wavelengths of TM are about 90 nm longer than those of fluorescein. These silicon-substituted xanthene dyes would be useful for multicolor imaging. Nowadays, we think these xanthene dyes have been becoming one of practical fluorophores for biological researches.
How China will use cyber warfare to leapfrog in military competitiveness (2008)

Extract:The Peopleâs Republic of China (PRC) may be a global power economically but its military lacks force projection beyond the Asia Pacific region. Its traditional military hardware is one to three generations behind the US and Russia. In light of these deficiencies it is probable that cyber warfare will provide China with an asymmetric advantage to deter aggression from stronger military powers as they catch up in traditional military capabilities. Cyber warfare would also allow China to leapfrog by means of technology transfer and exploiting adversary weaknesses. This investigation will address three primary questions: What is Chinaâs current military capability? How would cyber warfare allow China to seriously advance its strategic abilities? And what is the evidence that China is headed in a cyber warfare direction?
Mixed lubrication — an overview (1997)

Abstract The regime known as ‘mixed’ lubrication lies between those of hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic. This paper reviews work on this subject, in order to recognise the key areas of progress, and of ignorance. Film thickness and surface roughness are discussed, to conclude that below certain values of λ, there are limitations to earlier models. Computational solution of the micro‐EHD problem has largely succeeded, as well as more analytical approaches. The mixed lubrication regime has been studied by electrical contact resistance, friction measurement, and, more recently, analysis has been aided by optical interferometry — the implications of this work, and future prospects, are addressed.
Response of 100% internal carrier collection efficiency silicon photodiodes to low-energy ions (2001)

We measure the response of silicon photodiodes to irradiation by H/sup +/, He/sup +/, C/sup +/, N/sup +/, O/sup +/, Ne/sup +/, and Ar/sup +/ ions with energies up to 60 keV. The unique properties of these photodiodes, including an ultrathin SiO/sub 2/ dead layer and 100% internal carrier collection efficiency, allow direct measurement of the total energy lost to nuclear (nonionizing) and electronic (ionizing) energy loss processes, which are important for quantifying effects such as damage and charge deposition. When plotted as a function of E/mZ/sup 1/2/, where E, m, and Z are the incident ion energy, mass, and atomic number, respectively, the responsivity is found to follow a single curve that represents all ion species and energies used in this study. This enables rapid, accurate estimation of damage and charge deposition by an ion as a function of penetration depth in silicon. A comparison of the measurements with the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) Monte Carlo simulation code shows that SRIM significantly overestimates the fraction of the incident energy lost to electronic stopping processes for E/mZ/sup 1/2/<2 keV/amu.
After Welfare: The Culture of Postindustrial Social Policy (2001)

Do contemporary welfare policies reflect the realities of the economy and the needs of those in need of assistance, or are they based on outdated and idealized notions of work and family life? Are we are moving from a war on poverty to a war against the poor? In this critique of welfare policy, Sanford F. Schram explores the cultural anxieties over the putatively deteriorating American work ethic, and the class, race, sexual and gender biases at the root of current policy and debates. Schram goes beyond analyzing the current state of affairs to offer a progressive alternative he calls radical incrementalism, whereby activists would recreate a safety net tailored to the specific life circumstances of those in need. His provocative recommendations include a series of programs aimed at transcending the prevailing pernicious distinction between social insurance and public assistance so as to better address the needs of single mothers with children. Such programs could include divorce insurance or even some form of pregnancy insurance for women with no means of economic support. By pushing for such programs, Schram argues, activists could make great strides towards achieving justice, even in today's reactionary climate.
Real Time Software for Small Systems (1988)

Examples of Real Time Systems Structured Programming for Real Time Designing a Real Time Operating System Reliable Software Implementation Real Time Languages Application Examples.
Overexpression of S100β in Down’s syndrome: correlation with patient age and with β‐amyloid deposition (1999)

S100beta is an astrocyte-derived uritotrophic' cytokine which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. S100beta overexpression by plaque-associated astrocytes correlates with growth of abnormal (strophic') neurites in beta-amyloid plaques, one of the major neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. As the characteristic neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease are virtually universal in middle-aged Down's syndrome patients, studies of Down's syndrome patients provide a unique opportunity to investigate the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of Alzheimer-type neuropathological changes. Computerized morphometric analysis was used to quantify astrocyte activation and astrocytic expression of S100beta, and to correlate these with beta-amyloid deposition, in a clinically well-characterized cohort of Down's syndrome subjects, aged 13-65 years. There were significant positive correlations between S100beta expression and patient age, and between S100beta expression and cerebral cortical beta-amyloid deposition. Moreover, the numbers of activated (enlarged) astrocytes overexpressing S100beta showed a significant correlation with the numeric density of beta-amyloid plaques, from the youngest to the oldest ages and within age ranges where pathology is most florid, while no such relationship was found between the numbers of small, non-activated S100beta-immunoreactive cells and numerical density of beta-amyloid plaques. These correlations, together with established functions of S100beta, are consistent with the idea that S100beta overexpression promotes beta-amyloid plaque formation and progression in Down's syndrome.
Anti-nerve growth factor Ab abrogates macrophage-mediated HIV-1 infection and depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup>T lymphocytes in hu-SCID mice (2003)

Infection by HIV-1 causes persistent, long-term high virus production in macrophages. Major evidence, both in humans and in primate models, shows the crucial role of macrophages in sustaining virus production and in mediating a cytopathic effect on bystander CD4+ T lymphocytes and neuronal cells. In the present study, we used severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL-SCID mice) to investigate the in vivo effect of HIV-1-infected macrophages on virus spread and CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion, and the ability of a mAb against nerve growth factor (NGF, a neurokine essential for the survival of HIV-1-infected macrophages) to suppress the pathogenetic events mediated by infected macrophages. Injection of mice with as few as 500 HIV-exposed macrophages causes (i) complete depletion of several millions of autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes, (ii) sustained HIV viremia, and (iii) spreading of HIV-1 DNA in mouse lymphoid organs. In contrast, in vivo treatment with an anti-NGF Ab completely abrogates all effects mediated by HIV-infected macrophages. Taken together, the results demonstrate the remarkable power of macrophages in sustaining in vivo HIV-1 infection, and that such a phenomenon can be specifically abrogated by an anti-NGF Ab. This may open new perspectives of experimental approaches aimed at selectively eliminating persistently infected macrophages from the bodies of HIV-infected patients.
C compiler design for a network processor (2001)

One important problem in code generation for embedded processors is the design of efficient compilers for target machines with application-specific architectures. This paper outlines the design of a C compiler for an industrial application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) for telecom applications. The target ASIP is a, network processor with special instructions for bit-level access to data registers, which is required for packet-oriented communication protocol processing. From a practical viewpoint, we describe the main challenges in exploiting these application-specific features in a C compiler and we show how a compiler backend has been designed that accommodates these features by means of compiler intrinsics and a dedicated register allocator. The compiler is fully operational and first experimental results indicate that C-level programming of the ASIP leads to good code quality without the need for time-consuming assembly programming.
[Chronic atrial fibrillation in the elderly]. (1991)

The CAF in the elderly patient is observed not only in patients with cardiocirculatory diseases, but in thyrotoxic patients and sometimes without known etiology.