gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Investigation of Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys in the Ni-Mn-Al Ternary System Using a Composition Spread Technique (2004)

Using a thin-film composition spread technique, we have mapped the phase diagram of the Ni-Mn-Al ternary system in search of ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FMSA). A characterization technique that allows detection of martensitic transitions by visual inspection using micromachined cantilever arrays was combined with quantitative magnetization mapping using scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. A large compositional region in the Al deficient part of the phase diagram was found to be ferromagnetic and reversibly martensitic at room temperature. In addition, in the Al rich region, a new compositional range that displays marked ferromagnetism was found.
Choix de l’âge à la castration en production de viande bovine semi-intensive (1991)

La production de bovins à viande à partir de ressources herbagères utilise essentiellement des animaux mâles castrés. Le fait que l’animal entier présente un potentiel de croissance supérieur a conduit à recommander, pour cette production, un âge à la castration tardif au risque de pénaliser fortement l’animal, lors de cette opération, s’il atteint un développement déjà important. Le but des études conduites au Domaine INRA du Pin au Haras a été de préciser les effets d’une castration à 9 ou à 13 mois sur la production de boeufs à partir d’herbe. Ce facteur a été étudié en interrelation avec d’autres facteurs d’élevage au cours de trois essais consécutifs : précocité des génotypes des animaux, niveau d’alimentation au cours de l’hiver, âge à l’abattage. Il ressort globalement que l’âge à la castration dans la plage étudiée modifie assez peu les caractéristiques finales des animaux. De nombreuses interactions avec les autres facteurs étudiés et des compensations entre les diverses périodes de la vie productive semblent réduire les effets attendus de l’âge à la castration. Cependant les carcasses des animaux castrés les plus tard semblent présenter un état d’engraissement moindre à l’abattage. En définitive, au sein des élevages, le choix de l’âge à la castration aux environs d’un an dépendra surtout de la faisabilité et de la pénibilité de l’opération pour l’animal.
Methylmercury hydroxide enhancement of translation and transcription of ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA's. (1979)

Translation of total mRNA in heterologous protein-synthesizing systems is often employed as an indirect means of assessing relative mRNA concentrations. However, it is well known that the efficiency of translation of specific mRNAs differs. One such example is the poor translational efficiency of conalbumin mRNA relative to ovalbumin mRNA. In this report we have studied the translation of conalbumin and ovalbumin mRNAs in crude mRNA preparations and with highly purified mRNA preparations. We find that treatment of RNA with methylmercury hydroxide prior to translation improves the translational efficiency of both mRNAs and preferentially improves translational efficiency of conalbumin mRNA to the point where it more correctly reflects the relative concentration of these two mRNAs in crude mRNA preparations. Conalbumin mRNA is also a poor template for the synthesis of full length cDNA synthesis by avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase, and treatment of this mRNA with methylmercury hydroxide increases the size of DNA sequences synthesized. We conclude that treatment with methylmercury hydroxide produces a partial denaturation of mRNA complexed with either itself or with other RNA molecules and results in more efficient utilization in both translational assays and DNA polymerization reactions.
Road safety enhancement: an investigation on the visibility of on-road image projections using DMD-based pixel light systems (2018)

Research reveals that visual information forms the major portion of the received data for driving. At night -owing to the, sometimes scarcity, sometime inhomogeneity of light- the human physiology and psychology experiences a dramatic alteration. It is found that although the likelihood of accident occurrence is higher during the day due to heavier traffic, the most fatal accidents still occur during night time. How can road safety be improved in limited lighting conditions using DMD-based high resolution headlamps? DMD-based pixel light systems, utilizing HID and LED light sources, are able to address hundreds of thousands of pixels individually. Using camera information, this capability allows 'glare-free' light distributions that perfectly adapt to the needs of all road users. What really enables these systems to stand out however, is their on-road image projection capability. This projection functionality may be used in co-operation with other driver assistance systems as an assist feature for the projection of navigation data, warning signs, car status information etc. Since contrast sensitivity constitutes a decisive measure of the human visual function, here is then a core question: what distributions of luminance in the projection space produce highly visible on-road image projections? This work seeks to address this question. Responses on sets of differently illuminated projections are collected from a group of participants and later interpreted using statistical data obtained using a luminance camera. Some aspects regarding the correlation between contrast ratio, symbol form and attention capture are also discussed.
Possible angiogenic roles for claudin-4 in ovarian cancer (2009)

Claudin proteins are frequently overexpressed in various tumors such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancer. While their functions in cancer have not been completely elucidated, roles in survival, adhesion and invasion have been suggested. In order to clarify the roles of claudins in ovarian cancer, we have performed gene expression profiling of ovarian surface epithelial cells overexpressing claudin-4 and compared the expression patterns to the parental, non-expressing cells. Claudin-4 expression leads to the differential expression of several genes, including many that have previously been implicated in angiogenesis. In particular, angiogenic cytokines, such as IL-8, were found elevated while genes of the angiostatic interferon pathway were found downregulated. In vitro assays show that claudin-4-expressing cells produce factors that can stimulate angiogenesis as measured by tube formation and migration in HUVEC cells. In addition, an in vivo mouse dorsal skinfold assay confirms that cells expressing claudin-4 secrete factors that can mediate angiogenesis in the dorsal skin of mice. Our data suggest a novel function for claudin-4 in cancer and provide an additional rationale for its common overexpression in human tumors.
Validoxylamines as trehalase inhibitors. (1987)

Validamycins, effective fungicides against the sheath blight of rice plants are members of a homologous series of pseduo-oligosaccharides, and contain three types of cores essential for their activity.
Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2016)

Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis William G. Carlos, Mary E. Strek, Tisha S. Wang, Harin Patel, Ganesh Raghu, Kevin C. Wilson, and Carey C. Thomson Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; The University of Chicago, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ronald Reagan University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
STARNET: a multiGbit/s optical local area network with both packet and circuit switching (1992)

The potential of passive star WDM networks is believed to be extremely high.1-3 STARNET is a new broadband optical LAN based on such physical structure. Every STARNET node supports both packet traffic and a high-speed WDM circuit interconnect, simultaneously and independently. As a result, STARNET carries diverse types of traffic (i.e., bursty and continuous, low-speed and broadband) in an efficient way. Each node requires only two lasers and its structure permits frequency stabilization of the whole network. An experimental four-node, 12-Gbit/s (3-Gbit/s per node) FDDI-compatible (at the packet network level) STARNET is being built at Stanford University.
Agonist Replacement for Stimulant Dependence: A Review of Clinical Research (2013)

Stimulant use disorders are an unrelenting public health concern worldwide. Agonist replacement therapy is among the most effective strategies for managing substance use disorders including nicotine and opioid dependence. The present paper reviewed clinical data from human laboratory self-administration studies and clinical trials to determine whether agonist replacement therapy is a viable strategy for managing cocaine and/or amphetamine use disorders. The extant literature suggests that agonist replacement therapy may be effective for managing stimulant use disorders, however, the clinical selection of an agonist replacement medication likely needs to be based on the pharmacological mechanism of the medication and the stimulant abused by patients. Specifically, dopamine releasers appear most effective for reducing cocaine use whereas dopamine reuptake inhibitors appear most effective for reducing amphetamine use.
On the Identity of DOPA Decarboxylase and 5-Hydroxytryptophan Decarboxylase (1972)

Simultaneous immunological titration of DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activities, from a number of tissues of various species, showed that the two activities were not distinguishable with a monospecific antiserum to hog kidney decarboxylase. Together with previous findings, these data firmly establish the concept that in mammalian tissues the two enzyme activities are associated with a single protein, namely aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.
Ultrasonic Method of Tire Inspection (1952)

The principles of a method are discussed for detecting internal defects in pneumatic tires, such as ply separations, by the attenuation of transmitted ultrasonic waves. Equipment for carrying out tire inspections by this method is described. It includes provisions for inspecting a large range of tire sizes, scanning the tread region from shoulder to shoulder and is suitable for operation by inspection personnel. A useful form for recording the results of a tire inspection is described. One of the principal applications for this method of inspection is the examination of tires to determine their suitability for recapping.
Tunable lumped-element notch filter with constant bandwidth (2010)

A varactor-tuned first-order (two-resonator) lumped-element absorptive notch filter with tunable operating frequency and constant absolute bandwidth has been introduced, along with an approach to its design. To reduce signal voltage across individual varactors, it is suggested to add additional pairs of stacked varactors in parallel, rather than in series. A cascade of three first-order subcircuits is used to make a third-order filter with useful levels of frequency selectivity and stopband bandwidth and attenuation, with a wide tuning range, and with constant -30dB and -3dB bandwidths. Filters of this type are expected to find use in miniature low-power receivers that must function in dynamic operating environments that may have relatively large narrowband interference.
Solid Dispersion in Pharmaceutical Drug Development: From Basics to Clinical Applications (2014)

The solubility of drugs is one of the most challenging aspects in developing formulations for novel drug discovery. Myriad of approaches have been developed and tested to overcome the associated intricacies involved with poor water soluble drugs. Out of the available technologies, solid dispersion (SD) method that significantly enhances the solubility and bioavailability by reducing particle size to a micro-molecular level is often viewed as a promising strategy. Although conceptual basis of manufacturing processes involved in SD method have been reported, formulation characteristics addressing solubility issues remains yet elusive. The current review portray the historical milestones, classification, probable mechanisms for enhancement of solubility, manufacturing processes at commercial level along with pioneer breakthroughs in field that enunciates the versatile pharmaceutical application for categories including anti-cancer and anti-retroviral drugs. Besides, our article also highlights the translational implications of drug development by SD method hitherto unreported.
Bt and Non‐Bt Maize Growth and Development as Affected by Temperature and Drought Stress (2000)

Seed companies have commercialized new transgenic maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids that are resistant to European corn borer [ Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)]. Drought stress may affect the expression of Bt proteins in maize tissues, and its resistance to European corn borer (ECB). This study was conducted at the Iowa State University Hinds Irrigation Farm, Ames, IA, to characterize the effect of drought stress on Bt maize. Growth and development measurements were taken in 1997 and 1998 from Bt and non‐Bt maize plants subjected to various soil water deficit treatments during peak ECB egg laying periods (late June, first generation; late July, second generation) on maize plants grown in buried, 1 m deep, 123‐L containers filled with Nicollet loam soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls). Water deficit delayed leaf appearance up to 6 d, depending on leaf number and tasseling up to 3 d. It also reduced leaf area as much as 33% and plant height by 15%, depending on leaf number and timing of water deficit. For these characteristics, there was no significant difference between Bt and non‐Bt maize plants. There were significant differences among Bt and non‐Bt plants for second generation corn borer damage with Bt plants affected the least. This resulted in significant yield differences between Bt and non‐Bt plants. Compared with non‐Bt plants, Bt plants exhibited significantly greater total plant weight in 1997 (9.7%) and grain yield in 1998 (9.4%). These differences depended on variety and seemed related to 100‐seed weights.
P‐93: Free Ghost Image and High Transmittance Optical Thin Film Beam Splitter for Head‐Up Display (2011)

Abstract In order to eliminate the double images caused from thick windshield, we used optical thin film technology to design a beam splitter applied for head‐up display (HUD). In our research, light source we used is p‐ polarized light because of its contrast is better than s‐polarization. This beam splitter can reflect multicolor and improve the influence of ghost images. Reflectance ofp polarization is 22.6% and the total reflecting contrast of the first surface to the second surface is 9, while the total transmittance of beam splitter is above 70%.
All-optical compact silicon comb switch (2007)

We demonstrate a 1x2 all-optical comb switch using a 200 mum diameter silicon ring resonator with a switching time of less than 1 ns. The switch overcomes the small bandwidth of the traditional ring resonator, and works for wavelength division multiplexing applications. The device has a footprint of ~0.04 mm(2) and enables switching of a large number (~40) of wavelength channels spaced by ~0.85 nm.
Compact Diffusers for Centrifugal Compressors (1982)

The smaller centrifugal compressor diameter of many advanced turbofan engines renders unattractive the use of conventional conical or channel diffusing systems to deliver low Mach number, low swirl flow to the combustor. A method has been developed for designing a set of low-diameter, radially-emanating, controlledcontour passage diffusers. Using this method, several such passages were designed and tested. Static pressure rise coefficients of 0.79-0.82 were obtained at throat blockages of 2-3% for an inlet Mach number of 0.7-0.8 and an exit Mach number of 0.10 with 5-10 deg of residual swirl within an outer diameter 20% smaller than conventional engines.
Homonymy and polysemy in information retrieval (1997)

This paper discusses research on distinguishing word meanings in the context of information retrieval systems. We conducted experiments with three sources of evidence for making these distinctions: morphology, part-of-speech, and phrases. We have focused on the distinction between homonymy and polysemy (unrelated vs. related meanings). Our results support the need to distinguish homonymy and polysemy. We found: 1) grouping morphological variants makes a significant improvement in retrieval performance, 2) that more than half of all words in a dictionary that differ in part-of-speech are related in meaning, and 3) that it is crucial to assign credit to the component words of a phrase. These experiments provide a better understanding of word-based methods, and suggest where natural language processing can provide further improvements in retrieval performance.
Automated Flow Path Design Optimization Using Mesh Morphing (2011)

The use of CAD models and CFD analysis has become an essential part of fluid flow design. To reduce the time spent determining a design, optimization frameworks have been implemented to automate the process. Mesh morphing has been implemented within these frameworks to further reduce the time needed. While optimization methods have been developed to optimize a fluid flow path, the optimum design needs to be recreated in a CAD model. A method has been developed which eliminates the need to recreate the optimal results in CAD. This is accomplished by using mesh morphing, CAD and CFD together in an optimization framework. The method developed has been implemented with a significant time savings over the use of a traditional meshing optimization framework.
Cell cycle regulation and RNA polymerase II (2000)

The cell cycle and transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) are closely related. They utilize shared components. RNAP II transcriptional activity is modulated during the cell cycle. Cell cycle dependent changes in the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNAP II (RNAP II-LS) alter transcription. Several CTD kinases are members of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) superfamily, including p34cdc2 (cdk1), cdk7, cdk8, and cdk9. Each of these cdks, with their respective cyclin partners, have been linked to cell cycle regulatory events. Other CTD kinases such as casein kinase II (CKII) and c-abl have also been implicated in cell cycle dependent modifications of the CTD. In addition, the stalling of RNAP II complexes at DNA lesions helps stimulate p53 accumulation which largely determines the cell's DNA damage response, including cell cycle arrest. Alzheimer's disease pathology results partially from activation of mitotic cdks in postmitotic neurons which can phosphorylate RNAP II-LS and other targets.
Biosynthesis of Chondroitin Sulphate in Cartilage Regenerated from Perichondrium (1977)

In a rabbit's ear cartilage an experimental defect was lined with a perichondrial flap and in a rabbit's trachea a defect in two tracheal cartilages was reconstructed with a free autogenous graft of aural perichondrium. Outgrowth of new tissue, morphologically indistinguishable from cartilage was observed within 4 weeks. In cartilage defects not bridged by perichondrium, no regeneration of cartilage occurred. Inorganic 35SO4, administered in vivo, was incorporated into the newly formed tissue. The labelled product was isolated and identified as chondroitin sulphate. The results support the view that authentic cartilage may be regenerated from the perichondrium.
A surface and bulk micromachined angular vertical combdrive for scanning micromirrors (2004)

We present a high performance scanning micromirror with angular vertical comb actuators realized by combining MUMPs with a 3-mask deep-reactive-ion-etching post process. A DC scan angle of /spl plusmn/4/spl deg/ (mechanical) is achieved at 40 V.
Precision and Accuracy of Intercontinental Distance Determinations Using Radio Interferometry. (1983)

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a technique which potentially can measure intercontinental distances with 1 cm precision. Already, measurements have been made which have nearly reached this goal, if we accept the standard deviations calculated from statistical arguments. However, the sources of errors in these measurements must be carefully analyzed and accounted for to ensure reliability in the interpretation of results obtained from VLBI data analysis. In this thesis, we concentrate on examining both the theory and the quality of the VLBI delay measurements. Using the redundant nature of the VLBI observations, we develop a number of quality tests. These tests are applied to data taken in VLBI experiments between July 1980 and January 1982. All of these tests lead to similar qualitative conclusions about the performance of the Mark III VLBI system. There are, however, differences from each of these tests in the quantitative conclusions about the system performance. These tests indicate that the actual statistics of the VLBI group delay observations do not match the theoretically calculated statistics. Keywords include: Interferometry; Radio astronomy; Quasar.
Co-training using RBF Nets and Different Feature Splits (2006)

In this paper we propose a new graph-based feature splitting algorithm maxlnd, which creates a balanced split maximizing the independence between the two feature sets. We study the performance of RBF net in a co-training setting with natural, truly independent, random and maxlnd split. The results show that RBF net is successful in a co-training setting, outperforming SVM and NB. Co-training is also found to be sensitive to the trade-off between the dependence of the features within a feature set, and the dependence between the feature sets.
An elliptical Talbot interferometer for fiber Bragg grating fabrication (2005)

A simple and easily aligned two-mirror interferometer for fabricating Bragg gratings in optical bulk materials, waveguides, and fibers is presented. The interferometer consists of a simple phase mask splitting element and two dielectric mirrors optimized for maximum reflectance at an incident angle of 45 deg. By choosing a suitable optical configuration the half-period of the phase mask is patterned on the interference plane, while a wide range of periodicities can be inscribed by adjusting the relative angles between the interferometer folding mirros. The operation of the interferometer is demonstrated for grating inscription in Ge-doped optical fibers, using 213 nm, 150 ps Nd:YAG radiation.
BVI-SR Database (2020)

BVI-SR contains 24 unique video sequences at a range of spatial resolutions up to UHD-1 (3840p). These sequences were used as the basis for a large-scale subjective experiment exploring the relationship between visual quality and spatial resolution when using three distinct spatial adaptation filters (including a CNN-based super-resolution method). The results demonstrate that while spatial resolution has a significant impact on mean opinion scores (MOS), no significant reduction in visual quality between UHD-1 and HD resolutions for the superresolution method is reported. A selection of image quality metrics were benchmarked on the subjective evaluations, and analysis indicates that VIF offers the best performance. This dataset is published in support of the paper published by IEEE at: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2018.8451225, and available on the University of Bristol's repository at http://hdl.handle.net/1983/99d89816-e64c-4c75-bb8e-5c7e3015cae7