gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coatomer, Arf1p, and nucleotide are required to bud coat protein complex I-coated vesicles from large synthetic liposomes (1998)

Synthetic coat protein complex I (COPI)-coated vesicles form spontaneously from large ( approximately 300 nm in diameter), chemically defined liposomes incubated with coatomer, Arf1p, and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. Coated vesicles are 40-70 nm in diameter, approximately the size of COPI vesicles formed from native membranes. The formation of COPI-coated buds and vesicles and the binding of Arf1p to donor liposomes depends on guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. In contrast to the behavior of the COPII coat, coatomer binds to liposomes containing a variety of charged or neutral phospholipids. However, the formation of COPI buds and vesicles is stimulated by acidic phospholipids. In the absence of Arf1p, coatomer binds to liposomes containing dioleoylphosphatidic acid as a sole acidic phospholipid to form large coated surfaces without forming COPI-coated buds or vesicles. We conclude that Arf1p-GTP and coatomer comprise the minimum apparatus necessary to create a COPI-coated vesicle.
Characterization of holographically generated beams via phase retrieval based on Wigner distribution projections (2011)

In this work, we propose a robust and versatile approach for the characterization of the complex field amplitude of holographically generated coherent-scalar paraxial beams. For this purpose we apply an iterative algorithm that allows recovering the phase of the generated beam from the measurement of its Wigner distribution projections. Its performance is analyzed for beams of different symmetry: Laguerre-Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian and spiral ones, which are obtained experimentally by a computer generated hologram (CGH) implemented on a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM). Using the same method we also study the quality of their holographic recording on a highly efficient photopolymerizable glass. The proposed approach is useful for the creation of adaptive CGH that takes into account the peculiarities of the SLM, as well as for the quality control of the holographic data storage.
Electrospray: From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase, what we know now (2009)

There is an advantage for users of electrospray and nanospray mass spectrometry to have an understanding of the processes involved in the conversion of the ions present in the solution to ions in the gas phase. The following processes are considered: Creation of charge droplets at the capillary tip; Electrical potentials required and possibility of gas discharges; Evolution of charged droplets, due to solvent evaporation and Coulomb explosions, to very small droplets that are the precursors of the gas phase ions; Production of gas phase ions from these droplets via the Ion Evaporation and Charge residue models; Analytical uses of ESIMS of small ions, qualitative and quantitative analysis; Effects of the ESI mechanism on the analysis of proteins and protein complexes; Determination of stability constants of protein complexes; Role of additives such as ammonium acetate on the observed mass spectra.
Multiple distributions for biased random test patterns (2003)

An efficient method has been presented to compute multiple distributions for random patterns, which can be applied successively. Using multiple distributions, all combinational circuits can be made random-testable, and complete fault coverage is provided by a few thousands of random patterns. The differently weighted random test sets can be applied to scan path circuits using an external chip, combining the advantages of a low cost test and of high fault coverage. Several facts about testing by random patterns have been proven. It has been shown that the number of random patterns required for a certain fault coverage can be computed without regarding the pseudorandom property and with the independence assumption for fault detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A physical model for the gate current injection in p-channel MOSFET's (1993)

A quantitative physical model for calculating the hot-electron injection probability, I/sub G//I/sub SUB/, for both buried and surface p-channel MOSFETs is presented. The model utilizes the two-dimensional potential contours generated by PISCES, and integrates the probability of substrate hot-electron injection across the high-field region near the drain. The known phenomenon that buried-channel (BC) PMOS has higher hot-electron injection probability but lower channel field (I/sub SUB//I/sub D/) than a similar surface-channel (SC) device is successfully modeled. This phenomenon can be attributed to the larger energy band hump-up near the drain and the larger oxide field (and thus greater barrier lowering) at a given bias condition for the buried-channel device. The I/sub G/ characteristics can be obtained from the calculated I/sub G//I/sub SUB/ ratio, using readily available I/sub SUB/ values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous switching noise projection for high-performance SOI chip design (2002)

This paper describes the circuit modeling techniques to predict on-chip simultaneous switching noise for high performance SOI circuits. The analysis includes both the inductive /spl Delta/I noise on the package level and the resistive I R drop on the chip level. By identifying the hot spots on the chip and /spl Delta/V across the chip, designers can optimize the placement of on-chip decoupling capacitors and effectively minimize the switching noise for SOI chips.
Neural induction requires continued suppression of both Smad1 and Smad2 signals during gastrulation (2007)

Vertebrate neural induction requires inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the ectoderm. However, whether inhibition of BMP signaling is sufficient to induce neural tissues in vivo remains controversial. Here we have addressed why inhibition of BMP/Smad1 signaling does not induce neural markers efficiently in Xenopus ventral ectoderm, and show that suppression of both Smad1 and Smad2 signals is sufficient to induce neural markers. Manipulations that inhibit both Smad1 and Smad2 pathways, including a truncated type IIB activin receptor, Smad7 and Ski, induce early neural markers and inhibit epidermal genes in ventral ectoderm; and co-expression of BMP inhibitors with a truncated activin/nodal-specific type IB activin receptor leads to efficient neural induction. Conversely, stimulation of Smad2 signaling in the neural plate at gastrula stages results in inhibition of neural markers, disruption of the neural tube and reduction of head structures, with conversion of neural to neural crest and mesodermal fates. The ability of activated Smad2 to block neural induction declines by the end of gastrulation. Our results indicate that prospective neural cells are poised to respond to Smad2 and Smad1 signals to adopt mesodermal and non-neural ectodermal fates even at gastrula stages, after the conventionally assigned end of mesodermal competence, so that continued suppression of both mesoderm- and epidermis-inducing Smad signals leads to efficient neural induction.
Verification (2013)

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Nonlinear System Identification: NARMAX Methods in the Time, Frequency, and Spatio-Temporal Domains (2013)

Nonlinear System Identification: NARMAX Methods in the Time, Frequency, and Spatio-Temporal Domains describes a comprehensive framework for the identification and analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems in the time, frequency, and spatio-temporal domains. This book is written with an emphasis on making the algorithms accessible so that they can be applied and used in practice. Includes coverage of: The NARMAX (nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs) modelThe orthogonal least squares algorithm that allows models to be built term by
Preparation of <sup>14</sup>C-Labeled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Biodistribution Investigations (2009)

A new method allowing the (14)C-labeling of carboxylic acid functions of carbon nanotubes is described. The key step of the labeling process is a decarbonylation reaction that has been developed and optimized with the help of a screening method. The optimized process has been successfully applied to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and the corresponding (14)C-labeled nanotubes were used to investigate their in vivo behavior. Preliminary results obtained after i.v. contamination of rats revealed liver as the main target organ. Radiolabeling of NTs with a long-life radioactive nucleus like (14)C, coupled to a highly sensitive autoradiographic method, that provides a unique detection threshold, will make it possible to determine for a long time period whether or not NTs remain in any organs after animal exposure.
Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of glucose and uric acid in biological fluids using chitosan-modified paper microfluidic devices (2016)

This paper describes the modification of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with chitosan to improve the analytical performance of colorimetric measurements associated with enzymatic bioassays. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer extensively used to modify biosensing surfaces due to its capability of providing a suitable microenvironment for the direct electron transfer between an enzyme and a reactive surface. This hypothesis was investigated using glucose and uric acid (UA) colorimetric assays as model systems. The best colorimetric sensitivity for glucose and UA was achieved using a chromogenic solution composed of 4-aminoantipyrine and sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzenesulfonate (4-AAP/DHBS), which provided a linear response for a concentration range between 0.1 and 1.0 mM. Glucose and UA were successfully determined in artificial serum samples with accuracies between 87 and 114%. The limits of detection (LODs) found for glucose and UA assays were 23 and 37 μM, respectively. The enhanced analytical performance of chitosan-modified μPADs allowed the colorimetric detection of glucose in tear samples from four nondiabetic patients. The achieved concentration levels ranged from 130 to 380 μM. The modified μPADs offered analytical reliability and accuracy as well as no statistical difference from the values achieved through a reference method. Based on the presented results, the proposed μPAD can be a powerful alternative tool for non-invasive glucose analysis.
Biological characteristics of CD7 positive acute myelogenous leukaemia (1992)

We studied the biological characteristics of CD7+ acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). We diagnosed nine out of 88 consecutive AML cases as CD7+ AML based on myeloperoxidase positivity and surface antigen expression. In eight of these nine cases more than 20% of leukaemic blasts were found to coexpress both CD7 and a myeloid-associated antigen, CD33, by a two-colour flow-cytometric assay, while in the remaining case more than 90% of blasts were positive for CD7 and myeloperoxidase. CD7+ AML was most frequently observed in M1 among AML subtypes according to the FAB classification. An early stage-specific antigen, CD34 was also expressed on leukaemic blasts from eight of these nine cases. Neither the T-cell receptor (TcR)-beta nor the TcR-gamma gene was clonally rearranged in any of the cases. We then studied the proliferative responses to stimulation by various growth factors. Among interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), IL-3 showed the strongest stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis and leukaemic blast colony formation in 8/9 and 6/8 CD7+ AML cases examined, respectively. On the other hand, the strongest stimulatory effect exerted by IL-3 on blast colony formation was observed in only six out of the 33 CD7- AML cases examined. Furthermore, CD7+ AML blasts could proliferate in response to stem cell factor (SCF); SCF alone showed stimulatory effects on blast colony formation (7/8 cases), and in 5/7 SCF-responding cases, stimulatory effects of SCF were more potent than those of IL-3. In addition, SCF enhanced blast colony formation synergistically with IL-3 in four of these seven cases. These data suggest that progenitor cells of CD7+ AML may possess the biological properties characteristic of immature haematopoietic stem cells.
Avian Predation of the Woodwasp, Sirex Noctilio F., And Its Parasitoid Complex in Tasmania. (1982)

More than half the bird species occurring in a plantation of Pinus radiata in Tasmania were implicated in predation on the introduced woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. and its parasites, especially Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenw.), Rhyssa persuasoria (L.) and Megarhyssa nortoni nortoni (Cress.) The dusky woodswallow (Artamus cyanopterus), forest raven (Corvus tasmanicus) and spine-tailed swift (Hirundapus caudacutus) attacked mating swarms of S. noctilio at the tops of trees; an indirect effect was the abnormal sex ratios of emergent insects in the following generations, which indicate a serious disturbance of mating frequency. Estimates of predator success, through the controlled release of large numbers of woodwasps, and estimates of gross feeding, by bird census and numbers of woodwasps in the stomach contents of the major predators, indicated that avian predation supplemented the effects of other natural enemies. The behavioural response of birds to their insect prey is described, and measures are recommended which could maximise the beneficial effects of birds.
Optimal Tat-mediated activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter requires a full-length TAR RNA hairpin (1997)

HIV-1 transcription from the LTR promoter is activated by the viral Tat protein through interaction with the nascent TAR RNA hairpin structure. The mechanism of Tat-mediated transcriptional activation has been extensively investigated with LTR-CAT reporter genes in transient transfections and, more recently, in infection experiments with mutant HIV-1 variants. Several discrepancies between these two assay systems have been reported. For instance, whereas opening of the lower part of the TAR RNA stem does not affect the promoter activity of an LTR-CAT plasmid in transient assays, the corresponding virus mutant is fully replication-impaired. With the aim to resolve this controversy, we have examined the activity of a set of TAR RNA mutants in transient transfection experiments with a variety of cell types. We now demonstrate that truncated TAR motifs exhibit a severe, but cell-type dependent transcription defect. Whereas full LTR activity is measured in COS cells that have been used regularly in previous transfection assays, a severe defect is apparent in a variety of human cell lines, including T cell lines that are typically used in HIV-1 replication studies. These results suggest the presence of a human protein that participates in Tat-mediated transcriptional activation through binding to the lower part of the TAR stem. Several candidate co-factors have been reported in literature. This study resolves the discrepancy between transfection and infection studies on the requirements of the lower TAR stem structure. The evidence also implies that LTR transcription studies should be performed preferentially in human cell types.
The Effect of Nozzle Height on Heat Transfer of a Hot Steel Plate Cooled by an Impinging Water Jet (2003)

The effect of nozzle height on heat transfer of a hot steel plate cooled by an impinging liquid jet is not well understood. Previous studies have been based on the dimensionless parameter z/d. To test the validity of this dimensionless parameter and to investigate gravitational effects on the jet, stagnation velocity of an impinging liquid jet were measured and the cooling experiments of a hot steel plate were conducted for z/d from 6.7 to 75, and an inverse heat conduction method is applied for the quantitative comparison. Also, the critical instability point of a liquid jet was examined over a range of flow rates.br/ The experimental velocity data for the liquid jet were well correlated with the dimensionless number 1/Fr_z² based on distance. It was thought that the z/d parameter was not valid for heat transfer to an impinging liquid jet under gravitational forces. In the cooling experiments, heat transfer was independent of z when 1/Fr_z² 0.187(z/d = 6.7). However, it was found that the heat transfer quantity for l/Fr_z²=0.523(z/d =70) is larger 11% than that in the region for l/Fr_z²=0.187. The discrepancy between these results and previous research is likely due to the instability of liquid jet.
A microprocessor-controlled speed regulator with instantaneous speed estimation for motor drives (1988)

A method for estimating instantaneous speed, suited for a microprocessor-based speed regulator for motor drives, and the characteristics of the speed control system are described. Features of the proposed method include the estimation of instantaneous speed at a real-time point using values of average speed detected by counting for a certain time the output pulses of an encoder as well as the estimated value as the speed feedback signal for the speed regulator. Since this method allows compensation to be made for the lag time of the feedback signal caused by detection of the mean value, it contributes to improved stability of the speed regulator. In particular, this provides a significant suppression of the vibrations that are generated in motor-driven machinery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Software vulnerability analysis (1998)

Computer security professionals and researchers do not have a history of sharing and analyzing computer vulnerability information. Scientists and engineers from older or more established elds have long understood that publicizing, analyzing, and learning from other people&apos;s mistakes is essential to the stepwise re nement of complex systems. Computer scientists, however, have not followed suit. Programmers reinvent classical programming mistakes, contributing to the reappearance of known vulnerabilities. In the recent past, computer systems have come to be a part of critical systems that have a direct e ect on the safety and well-being of human beings and hence we must have lower tolerance for software failures. In the dissertation I will attempt to show that computer vulnerability information presents important regularities and these can be detected, and possibly visualized, providing important insight about the reason of their prevalence and existence. The information derived from these observations could be used to improve on all phases of the development of software systems, as could be in the design, development, debugging, testing and maintenance of complex computer systems that must implement a set of policies de ned by security analysis. A signi cant portion of the work that must be performed will concentrate on the development of classi-cations and taxonomies that will permit the visualization and analysis of computer vulnerability information. I hope that these classi cations and taxonomies applied to a collection of vulnerabilities will provide a set of features whose analysis will show that there are clear statistical clusterings and patterns caused because developers and programmers are not learning from each others mistakes. This analysis may be performed by applying statistical analysis and knowledge discovery tools. 1
Cursos de Gynecologia e de operações (2012)

Propaganda dos Cursos de Gynecologia e de operacoes No Hospital Sao Pedro pelo Prof. Octacilio Rosa.
“Clickable” PEG−Dendritic Block Copolymers (2006)

Three generations of azido-terminated PEG-dendritic block copolymers have been synthesized and completely characterized by NMR and MALDI-TOF. A radial decrease of density, leading to more mobile protons at the outermost periphery, and an increasingly higher compactness of the core with generation have been determined by T(1) and T(2) relaxation time studies. The efficient surface decoration of these dendritic polymers by means of click chemistry has been demonstrated by the incorporation of unprotected carbohydrate units in very good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds at room temperature, under aqueous conditions, and requires just catalytic amounts of Cu. The modified block copolymers are conveniently purified by ultrafiltration. The glycodendrimers functionalized with alpha-mannose form aggregates with concanavalin A as determined by absorbance experiments at 400 nm. This aggregation ability increases with generation.
Formation of a microfiber bundle by interference of three noncoplanar beams (2001)

A systematic analysis of interference of three noncoplanar plane waves with identical frequency is provided. This analysis shows that a fiber bundle with spacing of the order of the wavelength, which one may conveniently control by changing the recording geometry, can be formed by this means. The relation between the incident light-wave vectors and the resultant pattern is analyzed. The concept of uniform contrast for an interference pattern is introduced, and the polarization optimization approach for each beam that ensures maximum uniform contrast for each beam is also given.
‘Brain‐type’ <i>N</i>‐glycosylation of asialo‐transferrin from human cerebrospinal fluid (1995)

Asialo-transferrin from human cerebrospinal fluid was purified to homogeneity. Investigation of the structural characteristics of its oligosaccharides support our hypothesis of 'brain-type' glycosylation of intrathecally synthesized cerebrospinal fluid proteins. For carbohydrate structural analysis, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, methylation analysis, liquid secondary ion- and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry of the permethylated derivatives were used. The major structure turned out to be a complex-type agalactodiantennary oligosaccharide with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and proximal fucose. Analysis of a second transferrin preparation containing both asialo- and sialo-transferrin revealed another major glycan species derived from the sialylated transferrin variant which is galactosylated and lacks bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and fucose.
Dielectric, pyroelectric, and electro-optic monitoring of the cross-linking process and photoinduced poling of Red Acid Magly (1997)

Crosslinking of polymers with dipoles can be followed by means of dielectric, pyroelectric, and in situ electro-optic measurements. All three techniques provide similar insights as to the cross-linking process. In addition, electro-optic measurements allow for the determination of the resulting optical nonlinearity. After crosslinking is completed the polymer behaves like a side-chain polymer. In addition, photoinduced poling of an already cross-linked dipolar polymer network is demonstrated.
‘In vivo’ optical approaches to angiogenesis imaging (2010)

In recent years, molecular imaging gained significant importance in biomedical research. Optical imaging developed into a modality which enables the visualization and quantification of all kinds of cellular processes and cancerous cell growth in small animals. Novel gene reporter mice and cell lines and the development of targeted and cleavable fluorescent "smart" probes form a powerful imaging toolbox. The development of systems collecting tomographic bioluminescence and fluorescence data enabled even more spatial accuracy and more quantitative measurements. Here we describe various bioluminescent and fluorescent gene reporter models and probes that can be used to specifically image and quantify neovascularization or the angiogenic process itself.