gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Split-Waveguide Mount Design For MM and SubMM wave frequency multipliers and Harmonic Mixers (1993)

A novel split-waveguide mount for millimeter and submillimeter wave frequency multipliers and harmonic mixers is presented. It consists of only two pieces, block halves, which are mirror images of each other.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Adhd Children and Their Parents (2001)

Research has suggested that children's knowledge and perceptions of health related issues contribute to the efficacy of health care intervention strategies and compliance (Berry et al., 1993; McElreath & Roberts, 1992; Potter & Roberts, 1984; Roberts et al., 1981; Santilli & Roberts, 1993). In addition, research regarding the Children's Health Belief Model (Bush & Ianotti, 1990), as well as logical assumptions, have indicated an influence of the child's primary caretaker in the child's formation of health beliefs. The current study evaluated overall trends in parent’s and children's knowledge and perceptions of Attention-Deficit I Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Thirty-one parent-child dyads (ages 6 to 17 years) completed an ADHD Knowledge and Perception Survey, which yielded findings reflecting a moderate relationship between parents' and children's perceptions of ADHD.
Effects of pH and salt on yields, trypsin inhibitor content, and mineral levels of soybean protein isolates and wheys (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of pH and salt on yields, trypsin inhibitor content, and mineral levels of soybean protein isolates and wheysDavid H. Honig, Joseph J. Rackis, and Walter J. WolfCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 6, 967–971Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00078a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (685 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Subjective Impairmnt Units in Relation With Oscilloscope Graticules for Evaluating Short-Time Linear Waveform Distortion of the Luminance Signal in 525-Line Television (1979)

Objective ratings (for example, the K-rating) for waveform distortion are assessed customarily by using oscilloscope graticules. They are based on subjective evaluations of television picture impairments. As the impairment unit (imp) is a unit which expresses subjective impairments quatitatively, it is used here as a means to check whether the graticules proposed for the assessment of short-time linear distortion of the luminance signal in television in North America comply with the principle that a given rating factor should correspond to a single value of subjective impairment. This is accomplished by converting to imps the results of published North American evaluations of subjective picture quality and utilizing a computer, in connection with a specially devised algorithm, to derive the imp value corresponding to any given point on a rating outline of the graticules examined. In addition, imp-to-rating relations are derived where feasible.
Comprehensive Computational Analysis of cis- Regulatory Elements in 5' Regulatory Region of ADP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Different Plants (2014)

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme for starch synthesis in plant. Starch is an important carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units and the primary energy source in plants. The essential transcriptional gene regulatory units are cis-acting regulatory elements as they control various stress responses. Therefore, understanding of the transcriptional gene regulation necessitates functional analyses of cis-acting elements. In this study, cis-acting regulatory elements present with in the 5_regulatory region of AGPase small and large subunit in rice, arabidopsis, wheat, barley, potato and maize were identified using bioinformatics approach. Prediction of folding state of AGPase in indicates that some of them also have disordered amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of homology to all available AGPase sequences using ClustalW2 and Neighbour-joining method. In addition to this, we also modeled the structure of C-terminal β-helix domain of AGPase of wheat LS which interacts with catalytic domain and is responsible for the functionality of enzyme. This study revealed the possible role of cis-acting regulatory elements in the expression and regulation of AGPase gene in Triticum aestivum and other plants during cellular development or other biological conditions.
Highly enhanced sensitivity of hydrogen sensors using novel palladium-decorated graphene nanoribbon film/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si structures (2014)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have been of great interest in a wide range of device applications for their novel physical, electronic and spin transport properties. Here we study the hydrogen (H2) sensing properties of GNRs decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by a one-step chemical modification and reduction process. A novel Pd-GNR film/SiO2/Si structure was fabricated by transferring a Pd-GNR film onto a heavily doped Si substrate with a native oxide layer. It is demonstrated that the Pd-GNR film/SiO2/Si structure exhibits highly enhanced responses to H2 than the pristine Pd-GNR film at parts-per-million (ppm) concentration levels at room temperature. For example, the Pd-GNR film/SiO2/p-Si structure shows an excellent response (ΔR/Rair) of ∼94% to 100 ppm H2 in air. The sensing mechanism was proposed to explain these H2 sensing characteristics based on p–n junction theory. Our findings demonstrate the incorporation of nanoparticles in GNR-based gas sensors through chemical functionalization and present a novel strategy for the application of GNRs in high performance gas sensors.
Two‐dimensional gel protein database of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

With the systematic sequencing of the yeast genome, yeast biology has entered a new era where novel challenges have to be faced. One challenge is the identification of the function of the several hundred novel genes discovered by genome sequencing. Another is to understand how all yeast genes act in concert to ensure and maintain cell organization. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis is the technique of choice to take up these challenges because it provides the opportunity of obtaining an overall view of genome expression. In prospect of these studies we have undertaken the construction of a yeast 2-D gel protein database that contains information on polypeptides of the yeast protein map. In this paper we report the information presently contained in this database. The reported information includes the identification of 250 protein spots and the characterization of polypeptides corresponding to N-terminal acetylated proteins, mitochondrial proteins, glucose-repressed proteins, heat shock induced proteins and proteins encoded by intron-containing genes. In all, 600 spots are annotated. These data can be accessed on the Yeast Protein Map server through the World Wide Web network.
Optimal detection pinhole for lowering speckle noise while maintaining adequate optical sectioning in confocal reflectance microscopes (2012)

Coherent speckle influences the resulting image when narrow spectral line-width and single spatial mode illumination are used, though these are the same light-source properties that provide the best radiance-to-cost ratio. However, a suitable size of the detection pinhole can be chosen to maintain adequate optical sectioning while making the probability density of the speckle noise more normal and reducing its effect. The result is a qualitatively better image with improved contrast, which is easier to read. With theoretical statistics and experimental results, we show that the detection pinhole size is a fundamental parameter for designing imaging systems for use in turbid media.
Sulfur-Containing Volatiles of Durian Fruits (<i>Durio </i><i>zibethinus</i> Murr.) (1996)

The fruits of three varieties of Indonesian durian have been analyzed by GC-MS and flavor dilution analysis. Twenty-four of the 43 peaks that contributed to the flavor of the 5× diluted extract, as detected by sniff−GC, had a sulfury note. Upon diluting the original extract 50 times, 11 components of the 17 which could still be detected by sniff−GC had a sulfury note, 3 of which were especially strong. One of the three strongest durian odorants was identified, based on Kovats index, MS, and odor description, as 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate was found to have the highest odor impact among the non-sulfurous odorants in durian. Keywords: Durian; tropical fruit; aroma dilution analysis; fruit flavor; S-ethyl thioacetate; 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane
Altered functional connectivity in the default mode network is associated with cognitive impairment and brain anatomical changes in Parkinson's disease (2016)

By combining different neuroimaging techniques and cognitive data, results showed that functional connectivity alteration between the regions of the DMN is associated with lower cognitive performance and gray and white matter abnormalities in PD.
Voltage-Control Spintronics Memory With a Self-Aligned Heavy-Metal Electrode (2017)

Voltage-control spintronics memory (VoCSM) is a spintronics-based memory that uses the voltage-control-magnetic-anisotropy (VCMA) effect as a selection method and the spin-Hall effect as a write method, and is a candidate for future nonvolatile main memory because of its advantages such as high density, low energy consumption, and robustness against read disturbance. In this paper, we demonstrate VoCSM with a self-aligned heavy-metal electrode, which is the most desirable in mass production and can expect the lowest critical current ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{C})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> due to its narrow electrode structure. We obtain the value of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of around <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$400~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a magnetic tunnel junction of size <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$35~{\mathrm{ nm}} \times 245$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm by using a self-aligned heavy-metal electrode. The value is lowered to one-third that of the conventional VoCSM structure and is comparable with that of spin-transfer torque writing. Moreover, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decreased due to the VCMA effect and reached <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$260~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm {MTJ}} = -0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. We also found that the diffusion spin current from the lateral region, which is the concern matter of this structure, did not contribute very much to the switching due to the extremely short spin diffusion length of the heavy-metal electrode. It indicates that VoCSM with a self-aligned heavy-metal electrode may lead to the production of high-density and low-energy-consumption memory.
A new high efficient 2-phase and 3-phase interleaved Power Factor Correction boost converter typed Intelligent Power Module with high switching capability for low power home appliances (2015)

This paper introduces a new high efficient 2-phase and 3-phase interleaved PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost converter typed IPM (Intelligent Power Module) specialized in low power home appliances such as an air-conditioner. This new CIPOS(Control Integrated Power System) PFC IPM integrates 650V rated TRENCHSTOP 5 IGBTs with 650V rated Rapid switching diodes and a SOI (Silicon On Insulator) gate driver in DIL (Dual-in-line) package of transfer molded type with DCB (Direct Copper Bond). It is optimized to provide unmatched performance in terms of efficiency for hard switching application. This paper describes key features and performance of the new CIPOS mini PFC.
Estimating the aspect layout of object categories (2012)

In this work we seek to move away from the traditional paradigm for 2D object recognition whereby objects are identified in the image as 2D bounding boxes. We focus instead on: i) detecting objects; ii) identifying their 3D poses; iii) characterizing the geometrical and topological properties of the objects in terms of their aspect configurations in 3D. We call such characterization an object's aspect layout (see Fig. 1). We propose a new model for solving these problems in a joint fashion from a single image for object categories. Our model is constructed upon a novel framework based on conditional random fields with maximal margin parameter estimation. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our model's performance in determining object pose and layout from images. We achieve superior viewpoint accuracy results on three public datasets and show extensive quantitative analysis to demonstrate the ability of accurately recovering the aspect layout of objects.
Commercializing lignocellulosic bioethanol: technology bottlenecks and possible remedies (2009)

Abstract With diminishing oil supplies and growing political instability in oil‐producing nations, the world is facing a major energy threat which needs to be solved by virtue of alternative energy sources. Bioethanol has received considerable attention in the transportation sector because of its utility as an octane booster, fuel additive, and even as neat fuel. Brazil and the USA have been producing ethanol on a large scale from sugarcane and corn, respectively. However, due to their primary utility as food and feed, these crops cannot meet the global demand for ethanol production as an alternative transportation fuel. Lignocellulosic biomass is projected as a virtually eternal raw material for fuel ethanol production. The main bottleneck so far has been the technology concerns, which do not support cost‐effective and competitive production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. This review sheds light on some of the practical approaches that can be adopted to make the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol economically attractive. These include the use of cheaper substrates, cost‐effective pre‐treatment techniques, overproducing and recombinant strains for maximized ethanol tolerance and yields, improved recovery processes, efficient bioprocess integration, economic exploitation of side products, and energy and waste minimization. An integrated and dedicated approach can help in realizing large‐scale commercial production of lignocellulosic bioethanol, and can contribute toward a cleaner and more energy efficient world. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
EXPLORING THE CHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF ASPHALTENES (2015)

Crude oils consist of almost 70 % of heavy residue and their conversion processes are becoming increasingly important in the world today, because of several market and economic factors. One of the major problems in upgrading of heavy residual oils and asphalts
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Pakistan: electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and myocardial scintigraphic features. (1995)

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a recently recognised entity, with typical electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and myocardial scintigraphic features. Thallium imaging is more sensitive than echocardiography, but electrocardiogram appears to be an important clue to its diagnosis which shows changes in the mid precordial leads in most of the patients.
Vector measurements with combined magnetic and electric field sensors (2003)

In this article we describe a vector measurement system consisting of a highly sensitive induction magnetometer and a novel electric field sensor. These elements are combined over a broad range of frequencies (10 Hz–10 kHz) using an active phase shift network to provide real-time vector information about the signal.
Highly active and selective catalysts for olefin hydrosilylation reactions using metalloporphyrins intercalated in natural clays (2015)

Mechanisms showing how the metalloporphyrin ions selectively catalyze olefin hydrosilylation reactions and the solvent-like behavior associated with the clay supported metalloporphyrin catalyst.
C-Terminal Anchoring of a Peptide to Class II MHC Via the P10 Residue Is Compatible with a Peptide Bulge (2002)

The binding of antigenic peptide to class II MHC is mediated by hydrogen bonds between the MHC and the peptide, by salt bridges, and by hydrophobic interactions. The latter are confined to a number of deeper pockets within the peptide binding groove, and peptide side chains that interact with these pockets are referred to as anchor residues. T cell recognition involves solvent-accessible peptide residues along with minor changes in MHC helical pitch induced by the anchor residues. In class I MHC there is an added level of epitope complexity that results from binding of longer peptides that bulge out into the solvent-accessible, T cell contact area. Unlike class I MHC, class II MHC does not bind peptides of discrete length, and the possibility of peptide bulging has not been clearly addressed. A peptide derived from position 24-37 of integrin beta(3) can either bind or not bind to the class II MHC molecule HLA DRB3*0101 based on a polymorphism at the P9 anchor. We show that the loss of binding can be compensated by changes at the P10 position. We propose that this could be an example of a class II peptide bulge. Although not as efficient as P9 anchoring, the use of P10 as an anchor adds another possible mechanism by which T cell epitopes can be generated in the class II presentation system.
Experimental Shock Transformation of Gypsum to Anhydrite: A New Low Pressure Regime Shock Indicator (2011)

The shock behavior of gypsum is important in understanding the Cretaceous/Paleogene event and other terrestrial impacts that contain evaporite sediments in their targets (e.g., Mars Exploration Rover Spirit detected sulfate at Gusev crater, [1]). Most interest focuses on issues of devolatilization to quantify the production of SO2 to better understand its role in generating a temporary atmosphere and its effects on climate and biota [2,3]. Kondo and Ahrens [4] measured induced radiation emitted from single crystal gypsum shocked to 30 and 40 GPa. They observed greybody emission spectra corresponding to temperatures in the range of 3,000 to 4,000 K that are a factor of 2 to 10 times greater than calculated pressure-density energy equation of state temperatures (Hugoniot) and are high enough to melt gypsum. Chen et al. [5] reported results of shock experiments on anhydrite, gypsum, and mixtures of these phases with silica. Their observations indicated little or no devolatilization of anhydrite shocked to 42 GPa and that the fraction of sulfur, by mass, that degassed is approx.10(exp -2) of theoretical prediction. In another report of shock experiments on calcite, anhydrite, and gypsum, Badjukov et al. [6] observed only intensive plastic deformation in anhydrite shock loaded at 63 GPa, and gypsum converted to anhydrite when shock loaded at 56 GPa but have not experimentally shocked gypsum in a step-wise manner to constrain possible incipient transformation effects. Schmitt and Hornemann [7] shock loaded anhydrite and quartz to a peak pressure of 60 GPa and report the platy anhydrite grains were completely pseudomorphed by small crystallized anhydrite grains. However, no evidence of interaction between the two phases could be observed and they suggested that recrystallization of anhydrite grains is the result of a solid-state transformation. They concluded that significant decomposition of anhydrite requires shock pressures higher than 60 GPa. Gupta et al. [8] reanalyzed the calcite and anhydrite shock wave experiments of Yang [9] using improved equations of state of porous materials and vaporized products. They determined the pressures for incipient and complete vaporization to be 32.5 and 122 GPa for anhydrite GPa which is a factor of 2 to 3 lower than reported earlier by Yang [9]. These studies are not in agreement regarding the onset of sulfate decomposition and documentation of shock effects in gypsum is incomplete.
3<sub>10</sub>‐helices in proteins are parahelices (2006)

The 3(10)-helix is characterized by having at least two consecutive hydrogen bonds between the main-chain carbonyl oxygen of residue i and the main-chain amide hydrogen of residue i + 3. The helical parameters--pitch, residues per turn, radius, and root mean square deviation (rmsd) from the best-fit helix--were determined by using the HELFIT program. All 3(10)-helices were classified as regular or irregular based on rmsd/(N - 1)1/2 where N is the helix length. For both there are systematic, position-specific shifts in the backbone dihedral angles. The average phi, psi shift systematically from approximately -58 degrees, approximately -32 degrees to approximately -90 degrees, approximately -4 degrees for helices 5, 6, and 7 residues long. The same general pattern is seen for helices, N = 8 and 9; however, in N = 9, the trend is repeated with residues 6, 7, and 8 approximately repeating the phi, psi of residues 2, 3, and 4. The residues per turn and radius of regular 3(10)-helices decrease with increasing length of helix, while the helix pitch and rise per residue increase. That is, regular 3(10)-helices become thinner and longer as N increases from 5 to 8. The fraction of regular 3(10)-helices decreases linearly with helix length. All longer helices, N > or = 9 are irregular. Energy minimizations show that regular helices become less stable with increasing helix length. These findings indicate that the definition of 3(10)-helices in terms of average, uniform dihedral angles is not appropriate and that it is inherently unstable for a polypeptide to form an extended, regular 3(10)-helix. The 3(10)-helices observed in proteins are better referred to parahelices.