gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lignan and Nutrient Concentrations in American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) in the Eastern United States (2009)

Podophyllotoxin is an anticancer compound found in Indian mayapple ( Podophyllum emodii Wall.), American mayapple ( Podophyllum peltatum L.), and other species. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives are used in several commercially available pharmaceutical products such as the anticancer drugs etoposide, teniposide, and etopophos. Currently, the commercial production of podophyllotoxin is based on Indian mayapple. The objective of this study was to estimate podophyllotoxin concentration in American mayapple across its natural habitats in the eastern United States and to identify high podophyllotoxin types that could be used for further selection and cultivar development. Analyses of American mayapple leaves collected from 37 mayapple colonies across 18 states indicated a significant variation in podophyllotoxin, α-peltatin, and β-peltatin content and the presence of chemotypes. Overall, the concentrations of podophyllotoxin, α-peltatin, and β-peltatin in the collected accessions ranged from below detectable levels to 45.1, 47.3, and 7.0 mg·g −1 dry weight, respectively. We classified American mayapple accessions into seven groups: 1) with very high concentration of podophyllotoxin (greater than 20 mg·g −1 ) and no α- or β-peltatin; 2) high podophyllotoxin (greater than 10 mg·g −1 ) and no α-peltatin but trace amounts of β−peltatin; 3) medium podophyllotoxin (1 to 10 mg·g −1 ) and no α- or β-peltatin; 4) low podophyllotoxin (0.05 to 1 mg·g −1 ) and high α-peltatin; 5) trace amounts of podophyllotoxin and high concentration of α-peltatin and α-peltatin; 6) high α-peltatin and trace amounts of podophyllotoxin or β−peltatin; and 7) high α−peltatin and no podophyllotoxin or β-peltatin. American mayapple was found to grow on various soil types with a range of pH (4.6 to 7.6) and dissimilar concentrations of phytoavailable soil nutrients. Tissue zinc concentration was positively correlated to podophyllotoxin, whereas soil and tissue phosphorus was positively correlated to the concentration of α-peltatin. The results from this study may contribute toward the development of high podophyllotoxin-containing varieties of American mayapple and the development of a new cash crop for American farmers.
The lifetime occurrence of Herpes zoster and prevalence of post‐herpetic neuralgia: A retrospective survey in an elderly population (1999)

One-thousand-and-seventy-one randomly chosen elderly persons (537 women, 534 men; median age 80) were recruited from the Institute of Human Aging (Dept of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool). Almost a quarter (23.8%; equal numbers of both sexes) had had shingles (HZ), at a median age of 60 (for both sexes); 39 subjects (3.6% of all respondents, 15% of those who had had shingles), two thirds of whom were female, developed post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), defined as pain persisting for more than 3 months; they acquired HZ at a median age of 70. In 22 of them, pain had resolved by the time they were questioned, but in 17 it was ongoing (from less than 12 to 504 months). Two new independent risk factors for PHN were identified: (1) female gender; and (2) living alone at the time of HZ acquisition (p = 0.009). In addition to confirming the well-known factor of: (3) age at shingles acquisition (up to the early 90s); and (4) scarring, presumed to be a consequence of rash severity, was significantly commoner in subjects whose HZ was followed by PHN.Extrapolating the prevalence figures to the whole UK population, of whom 9.28 million were over 64 in 1992, it can be conservatively estimated that at any one time, some 200 000 people in the UK have PHN. Copyright 1999 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
Vibrational population inversion in aniline following trapping/desorption from fullerene surfaces (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational population inversion in aniline following trapping/desorption from fullerene surfacesY. Paz, M. S. De Vries, D. J. Elloway, and R. NaamanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 8, 3186–3188Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100187a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100187a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Percent Mammographic Density and Dense Area as Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (2012)

<b>Purpose:</b> Mammographic characteristics are known to be correlated to breast cancer risk. Percent mammographic density (PMD), as assessed by computer-assisted methods, is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Along with this assessment the absolute dense area (DA) of the breast is reported as well. Aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of DA concerning breast cancer risk in addition to other risk factors and in addition to PMD. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a case control study with hospital-based patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and healthy women as controls. A total of 561 patients and 376 controls with available mammographic density were included into this study. We describe the differences concerning the common risk factors BMI, parital status, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and menopause between cases and controls and estimate the odds ratios for PMD and DA, adjusted for the mentioned risk factors. Furthermore we compare the prediction models with each other to find out whether the addition of DA improves the model. <b>Results:</b> Mammographic density and DA were highly correlated with each other. Both variables were as well correlated to the commonly known risk factors with an expected direction and strength, however PMD (ρ = -0.56) was stronger correlated to BMI than DA (ρ = -0.11). The group of women within the highest quartil of PMD had an OR of 2.12 (95 % CI: 1.25-3.62). This could not be seen for the fourth quartile concerning DA. However the assessment of breast cancer risk could be improved by including DA in a prediction model in addition to common risk factors and PMD. <b>Conclusions:</b> The inclusion of the parameter DA into a prediction model for breast cancer in addition to established risk factors and PMD could improve the breast cancer risk assessment. As DA is measured together with PMD in the process of computer-assisted assessment of PMD it might be considered to include it as one additional breast cancer risk factor that is obtained from breast imaging.
Its Time for a State Environmental Policy Act (1995)

What single law should be the first step in protecting New Mexico's environment from the consequences of our cascading population? My nomination would go to a State Environmental Policy Act, commonly called a "state NEPA." These laws are on one level very simple, requiring only that state governments "stop and think" before taking actions with significant environmental costs. After twenty-five years of experience with the federal National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), however, we know that a law that allows citizens input into governmental action has a profound effect on governmental action.
<title>Automated glass-fragmentation analysis</title> (1996)

This paper describes a novel automated inspection process for tempered safety glass. The system is geared toward the European Community (EC) import regulations which are based on fragment count and dimensions in a fractured glass sample. The automation of this test presents two key challenges: image acquisition, and robust particle segmentation. The image acquisition must perform well both for clear and opaque glass. Opaque regions of glass are common in the American auto industry due to painted styling or adhesives (e.g. defroster cables). The system presented uses a multiple light source, reflected light imaging technique, rather than transmitted light imaging which is often used in manual versions of this inspection test. Segmentation of the glass fragments in the resulting images must produce clean and completely connected crack lines in order to compute the correct particle count. Processing must therefore be robust with respect to noise in the imaging process such as dust and glint on the glass. The system presented takes advantage of mathematical morphology algorithms, in particular the watershed algorithm, to perform robust preprocessing and segmentation. Example images and image segmentation results are shown for tempered safety glass which has been painted on the outside edges for styling purposes.
HCN Channels Modulators: The Need for Selectivity (2016)

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, the molecular correlate of the hyperpolarization-activated current (If/Ih), are membrane proteins which play an important role in several physiological processes and various pathological conditions. In the Sino Atrial Node (SAN) HCN4 is the target of ivabradine, a bradycardic agent that is, at the moment, the only drug which specifically blocks If. Nevertheless, several other pharmacological agents have been shown to modulate HCN channels, a property that may contribute to their therapeutic activity and/or to their side effects. HCN channels are considered potential targets for developing drugs to treat several important pathologies, but a major issue in this field is the discovery of isoform-selective compounds, owing to the wide distribution of these proteins into the central and peripheral nervous systems, heart and other peripheral tissues. This survey is focused on the compounds that have been shown, or have been designed, to interact with HCN channels and on their binding sites, with the aim to summarize current knowledge and possibly to unveil useful information to design new potent and selective modulators.
Multiple Sparse Tables based on pivot table for Multi-tenant Data Storage in SaaS (2011)

In order to excellently support SaaS application, multi-tenant database system needs to meet the tenants' requirement of isolation and on-demand customization, and then needs to provide data storage mechanism and index mechanism that supporting isolation and flexibility. Multiple Sparse Tables is a good Approach for Multi-tenant Data Storage in SaaS, but no use of physical index provided by RDBMS. Based on the Multiple Sparse Tables approach, in this paper, we proposed a meta-data driven indexing mechanism. According to tenants' customization requirement, the model constructs respective index metadata for business data of the tenants, and achieves isolation of index data & customization; meanwhile the index maintenance strategies are given. According to tenants' access requests and the Pivot Table, the model returns the tenants' result sets more quickly or updates index data on-demand. Detailed experimental results show that the index maintenance and data access of this approach works with good performance under balanced conditions.
Stratified computation of skylines with partially-ordered domains (2005)

In this paper, we study the evaluation of skyline queries with partially-ordered attributes. Because such attributes lack a total ordering, traditional index-based evaluation algorithms (e.g., NN and BBS) that are designed for totally-ordered attributes can no longer prune the space as effectively. Our solution is to transform each partially-ordered attribute into a two-integer domain that allows us to exploit index-based algorithms to compute skyline queries on the transformed space. Based on this framework, we propose three novel algorithms: BBS+ is a straightforward adaptation of BBS using the framework, and SDC (Stratification by Dominance Classification) and SDC+ are optimized to handle false positives and support progressive evaluation. Both SDC and SDC+ exploit a dominance relationship to organize the data into strata. While SDC generates its strata at run time, SDC+ partitions the data into strata offline. We also design two dominance classification strategies (MinPC and MaxPC) to further optimize the performance of SDC and SDC+. We implemented the proposed schemes and evaluated their efficiency. Our results show that our proposed techniques outperform existing approaches by a wide margin, with SDC+-MinPC giving the best performance in terms of both response time as well as progressiveness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address the problem of skyline query evaluation involving partially-ordered attribute domains.
The Accelerator Store framework for high-performance, low-power accelerator-based systems (2010)

Hardware acceleration can increase performance and reduce energy consumption. To maximize these benefits, accelerator- based systems that emphasize computation on accelerators (rather than on general purpose cores) should be used. We introduce the “accelerator store,” a structure for sharing memory between accelerators in these accelerator-based systems. The accelerator store simplifies accelerator I/O and reduces area by mapping memory to accelerators when needed at runtime. Preliminary results demonstrate a 30% system area reduction with no energy overhead and less than 1% performance overhead in contrast to conventional DMA schemes.
Glucose Transport-Enhancing and Hypoglycemic Activity of 2-Methyl-2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic Acids (1996)

A series of 2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids has been prepared which contains many potent hypoglycemic agents as demonstrated by assessing glucose lowering in ob/ob mice. Some compounds (32, 33, 59) normalize plasma glucose in this diabetic model at doses of approximately 1 mg/kg. The mechanism of action of these drugs may involve enhanced glucose transport, especially in fat cells, but the compounds do not stimulate GLUT4 translocation and do not increase the levels of GLUT1 or GLUT4 in vivo. Thus, these compounds may enhance the intrinsic activity of the glucose transporter GLUT1 or GLUT4. Some compounds also modestly decrease hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in vitro, but this is not likely to be a major contributor to the hypoglycemic effect observed in vivo. Likewise, a modest decrease in food consumption observed with some of these compounds was shown by a pair-feeding experiment not to be the primary cause of the hypoglycemia observed.
Differential effects of hydrocortisone and TNFα on tight junction proteins in an <i>in vitro</i> model of the human blood–brain barrier (2008)

Homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which regulates the transport of molecules from blood into brain and back. Many disorders change the functionality and integrity of the BBB. Glucocorticoids are being used sucessfully in the treatment of some disorders while their effects on others are questionable. In addition, conflicting results between clinical and experimental experience using animal models has arisen, so that the results of molecular studies in animal models need to be revisited in an appropriate in vitro model of the human BBB for more effective treatment strategies. Using the human brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3, the influence of glucocorticoids on the expression of barrier constituting adherens junction and tight junction transmembrane proteins (VE-cadherin, occludin, claudins) was investigated and compared to other established BBB models. In hCMEC/D3 cells the administration of glucocorticoids induced expression of the targets occludin 2.75 +/- 0.04-fold and claudin-5 up to 2.32 +/- 0.11-fold, which is likely to contribute to the more than threefold enhancement of transendothelial electrical resistance reflecting barrier tightness. Our analyses further provide direct evidence that the GC hydrocortisone prevents endothelial barrier breakdown in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (TNFalpha administration), which could be demonstrated to be partly based on maintenance of occludin levels. Our studies strongly suggest stabilization of BBB function as a mode of GC action on a molecular level in the human brain vasculature.
RNA Polymerase II Blockage by Cisplatin-damaged DNA (2005)

The consequences of human RNA polymerase II (pol II) arrest at the site of DNA damaged by cisplatin were studied in whole cells and cell extracts, with a particular focus on the stability of stalled pol II and its subsequent ubiquitylation. Site-specifically platinated DNA templates immobilized on a solid support were used to perform in vitro transcription in HeLa nuclear extracts. RNA elongation was completely blocked by a cisplatin intrastrand cross-link. The stalled polymerase was quite stable, remaining on the DNA template in nuclear extracts. The stability of pol II stalled at the site of cisplatin damage was also observed in live cells. A cell fractionation experiment using cisplatin-treated HeLa cells revealed an increased level of chromatin-associated pol II proteins following DNA damage. The stalled polymerase was transcriptionally active and capable of elongating the transcript following chemical removal of platinum from the template. Transcription inhibition by alpha-amanitin in vitro enhanced pol II ubiquitylation at ubiquitin residues Lys-6, Lys-48, and Lys-63. In live cells expressing epitope-tagged ubiquitin mutants, several ubiquitin lysines also participated in pol II ubiquitylation following DNA damage. Cisplatin treatment triggered ubiquitylation-mediated pol II degradation in HeLa cells, which could be prevented by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Fractionation of pol II from cells co-treated with MG132 and cisplatin indicated that the undegraded ubiquitylated polymerase was mostly unbound or only loosely associated with chromatin. These data are consistent with a model in which only a fraction of pol II, ubiquitylated in response to cisplatin damage of DNA, dissociates from the sites of platination. This altered polymerase is rapidly destroyed by proteasomes.
The Recycling Endosome of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells Is a Mildly Acidic Compartment Rich in Raft Components (2000)

We present a biochemical and morphological characterization of recycling endosomes containing the transferrin receptor in the epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line. We find that recycling endosomes are enriched in molecules known to regulate transferrin recycling but lack proteins involved in early endosome membrane dynamics, indicating that recycling endosomes are distinct from conventional early endosomes. We also find that recycling endosomes are less acidic than early endosomes because they lack a functional vacuolar ATPase. Furthermore, we show that recycling endosomes can be reached by apically internalized tracers, confirming that the apical endocytic pathway intersects the transferrin pathway. Strikingly, recycling endosomes are enriched in the raft lipids sphingomyelin and cholesterol as well as in the raft-associated proteins caveolin-1 and flotillin-1. These observations may suggest that a lipid-based sorting mechanism operates along the Madin-Darby canine kidney recycling pathway, contributing to the maintenance of cell polarity. Altogether, our data indicate that recycling endosomes and early endosomes differ functionally and biochemically and thus that different molecular mechanisms regulate protein sorting and membrane traffic at each step of the receptor recycling pathway.
Towards automatic video-based whiteboard reading (2004)

As whiteboards have become a popular tool in meeting rooms, there has been a growing interest in making use of the whiteboard as a user interface for human computer interaction. Therefore, systems based on electronic whiteboards have been developed in order to serve as meeting assistants for e.g. collaborative working. However, as special pens and erasers are required, the natural interaction is restricted. In order to render this communication method more natural it was proposed to retain ordinary whiteboard and pens and to visually observe the writing process using a video camera by Stafford-Fraser and Robinson (1996). In this paper a prototype system for automatic video-based whiteboard reading is presented. The system is designed for recognizing unconstrained handwritten text and is further characterized by an incremental processing strategy in order to facilitate recognizing portions of text as soon as they have been written on the board. We present the methods employed for extracting text regions, pre-processing, feature extraction, and statistical modeling and recognition. Evaluation results on a writer independent unconstrained handwriting recognition task demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Cow Pools- A Step Toward Integration? (1959)

What's the basis for interest in and, on the other hand, concern about the use of cow pools in Iowa? This article answers this question and points up some of the implications of which producers should be aware.
Study on Software Vulnerability Dynamic Discovering System (2012)

Developed a new system model of software vulnerability discovering, which was based on fuzzing, feature matching of API sequences and data mining. Overcame the disadvantages of old techniques, this new method effectively improves the detection of potential unknown security vulnerabilities in software. Besides, this method is more automated and performs better in finding new security vulnerabilities.
[Impact of reproductive hormone on mouse embryo sexes]. (2006)

The effects of reproductive hormone on mouse embryo sexes were studied with in vitro fertilization (IVF), in vitro culture (IVC) and sex identification. Results showed that it had no adverse effects on embryos cleavage and development after the embryos were incubated with the fertilization media with 17beta-E2, FSH and progesterone respectively at the concentration of this study. Mice embryos sex ratios significantly deviated from 1:1(P < 0.01) and skewed in favor of males at the concentration of 17beta-E2 attained 70 pg/mL and progesterone attained 99 pg/mL in IVF culture media respectively. 0.01-0.04 IU/mL FSH had no effects on the mouse embryo sexes.
Enhancement of the Assessment of Physician–Patient Communication Skills in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (2013)

The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) reviewed all components of the United States Medical Licensing Examination as part of a strategic planning activity. One recommendation generated from the review called for enhancements of the communication skills component of the Step 2 Clinical Skills (Step 2 CS) examination. To address this recommendation, the NBME created a multidisciplinary team that comprised experts in communication content, communication measurement, and implementation of standardized patient (SP)-based examinations. From 2007 through 2012, the team reviewed literature in physician-patient communication, examined performance characteristics of the Step 2 CS exam, observed case development and quality assurance processes, interviewed SPs and their trainers, and reviewed video recordings of examinee-SP interactions. The authors describe perspectives gained by their team from the review process and outline the resulting enhancements to the Step 2 CS exam, some of which were rolled out in June 2012.