gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Errors in quantitative T1rho imaging and the correction methods. (2015)

The spin-lattice relaxation time constant in rotating frame (T1rho) is useful for assessment of the properties of macromolecular environment inside tissue. Quantification of T1rho is found promising in various clinical applications. However, T1rho imaging is prone to image artifacts and quantification errors, which remains one of the greatest challenges to adopt this technique in routine clinical practice. The conventional continuous wave spin-lock is susceptible to B1 radiofrequency (RF) and B0 field inhomogeneity, which appears as banding artifacts in acquired images. A number of methods have been reported to modify T1rho prep RF pulse cluster to mitigate this effect. Adiabatic RF pulse can also be used for spin-lock with insensitivity to both B1 RF and B0 field inhomogeneity. Another source of quantification error in T1rho imaging is signal evolution during imaging data acquisition. Care is needed to affirm such error does not take place when specific pulse sequence is used for imaging data acquisition. Another source of T1rho quantification error is insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is common among various quantitative imaging approaches. Measurement of T1rho within an ROI can mitigate this issue, but at the cost of reduced resolution. Noise-corrected methods are reported to address this issue in pixel-wise quantification. For certain tissue type, T1rho quantification can be confounded by magic angle effect and the presence of multiple tissue components. Review of these confounding factors from inherent tissue properties is not included in this article.
Transcript Profiling by 3′-Untranslated Region Sequencing Resolves Expression of Gene Families (2007)

Differences in gene expression underlie central questions in plant biology extending from gene function to evolutionary mechanisms and quantitative traits. However, resolving expression of closely related genes (e.g. alleles and gene family members) is challenging on a genome-wide scale due to extensive sequence similarity and frequently incomplete genome sequence data. We present a new expression-profiling strategy that utilizes long-read, high-throughput sequencing to capture the information-rich 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Resulting sequences resolve gene-specific transcripts independent of a sequenced genome. Analysis of approximately 229,000 3'-anchored sequences from maize (Zea mays) ovaries identified 14,822 unique transcripts represented by at least two sequence reads. Total RNA from ovaries of drought-stressed wild-type and viviparous-1 mutant plants was used to construct a multiplex cDNA library. Each sample was labeled by incorporating one of 16 unique three-base key codes into the 3'-cDNA fragments, and combined samples were sequenced using a GS 20 454 instrument. Transcript abundance was quantified by frequency of sequences identifying each unique mRNA. At least 202 unique transcripts showed highly significant differences in abundance between wild-type and mutant samples. For a subset of mRNAs, quantitative differences were validated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The 3'-UTR profile resolved 12 unique cellulose synthase (CesA) transcripts in maize ovaries and identified previously uncharacterized members of a histone H1 gene family. In addition, this method resolved nearly identical paralogs, as illustrated by two auxin-repressed, dormancy-associated (Arda) transcripts, which showed reciprocal mRNA abundance in wild-type and mutant samples. Our results demonstrate the potential of 3'-UTR profiling for resolving gene- and allele-specific transcripts.
Eine einfache neue Synthese der Fusarinsäure und anderer 5‐Alkyl‐2‐pyridincarbonsäuren (1982)

Abstract In 3‐Acylpyridine läßt sich durch Minisci‐Reaktion mit Formamiden, Fe(II)‐sulfat und tert ‐Butylhydroperoxid gezielt in die 6‐Position eine Carboxamidgruppe einführen. Die Aufarbeitung wird durch Zugabe von Citronensäure als Komplexbildner für Eisenionen wesentlich verbessert. Durch anschließende Wolff‐Kishner‐Reduktion erhält man direkt Fusarinsäure und andere 5‐Alkyl‐2‐pyridincarbonsäuren in 20–75% Ausbeute über beide Schritte.
Recent Relocation Patterns Among Older Adults in the United States (2021)

Problem, research strategy, and findings Residential relocation is a way for older adults to cope with income changes, health changes, and other life cycle events such as the loss of a partner. The number of movers aged 60 and older increased by 1.4 million from 2010 to 2019 in the United States. Therefore, it is timely to examine older adults’ recent relocation patterns. Using multiple national-level data sources, we asked two questions: First, who are movers among older adults, and why are they moving? Second, what are their destination regions and neighborhoods? Results show that movers tend to be renters, those with lower incomes, those with higher housing cost burdens, and those who live alone. Although older adults’ primary reason for relocation is to live closer to their families, baby boomers younger than 70 have more heterogeneous moving reasons than older cohorts. We classify older adult movers into three types: aging adapters (56.9% of movers), suburb lovers (37.5% of movers), and long-distance movers (5.6% of movers).Takeaway for practice Our findings suggest short- and long-term strategies for planners to help older adults meet their heterogeneous residential needs. Practitioners should take steps to increase housing affordability for older adults, such as through changes in land use controls, by creating more age-restricted and age-inclusive communities to accommodate the diverse needs of movers among older adults, and by promoting age-friendly ride-hailing and public transit systems.
An optimal design of coreless direct-drive axial flux permanent magnet generator for wind turbine (2013)

Different types of generators are currently being used in wind power technology. The commonly used are induction generator (IG), doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), electrically excited synchronous generator (EESG) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). However, the use of PMSG is rapidly increasing because of advantages such as higher power density, better controllability and higher reliability. This paper presents an innovative design of a low-speed modular, direct-drive axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator with coreless stator and rotor for a wind turbine power generation system that is developed using mathematical and analytical methods. This innovative design is implemented in MATLAB / Simulink environment using dynamic modelling techniques. The main focus of this research is to improve efficiency of the wind power generation system by investigating electromagnetic and structural features of AFPM generator during its operation in wind turbine. The design is validated by comparing its performance with standard models of existing wind power generators. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed model for the wind power generator exhibits number of advantages such as improved efficiency with variable speed operation, higher energy yield, lighter weight and better wind power utilization.
Effects of Metformin on CD133+ Colorectal Cancer Cells in Diabetic Patients (2013)

In diabetic patients complicated with colorectal cancer (CRC), metformin treatment was reported to have diverse correlation with CRC-specific mortality. In laboratory studies, metformin was reported to affect the survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in breast and pancreatic cancers and glioblastoma. Although cscs play a critical role in the resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in CRC patients, the effect of metformin on cscs in CRC patients and the synergistic effect of metformin in combination with 5-FU on cscs are not reported. In the present study pathological examinations were performed in 86 CRC patients complicated with type 2 DM who had been divided into a metformin group and a non-metformin group. Comparisons regarding pathological type, incidence of metastasis, expression of CD133 and β-catenin were conducted between the two groups. We explored the synergistic effects of metformin in combination with 5-FU on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and the proportion of CD133+ cscs of SW620 human colorectal cancer cell lines. The results show that metformin treatment had reverse correlations with the proportion of patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the proportion of CD133+ cscs in CRC patients with type 2 DM. Metformin enhanced the antiproliferative effects of 5-FU on CD133+ cscs in SW620 cells. These findings provide an important complement to previous study. Inhibition of the proliferation of CD133+ cscs may be a potential mechanism responsible for the association of metformin use with improved CRC outcomes in CRC patients with type 2 diabetes.
Prospective randomized comparison of valved versus nonvalved peripherally inserted central vein catheters. (1999)

We found a statistically significant difference in the complication rate for the valved PICC compared with the clamped PICC. With the valved PICC, occlusion and infection were reduced, and patients having these catheters did not require heparin flushes.
Targeting of Rad51-dependent homologous recombination: implications for the radiation sensitivity of human lung cancer cell lines (2005)

The aim of the present work was to study the role of Rad51-dependent homologous recombination in the radiation response of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. A dose- and time-dependent increase in the formation of Rad51 and gamma-H2AX foci with a maximum at about 4 and 1 h after irradiation, followed by a decrease, has been found. The relative fraction of cells with persisting Rad51 foci was 20-30% in radioresistant and 60-80% in radiosensitive cell lines. In comparison, a higher fraction of residual Dsb was evident in cell lines with nonfunctional p53. Transfection with As-Rad51 significantly downregulates radiation-induced formation of Rad51 foci and increases apoptosis, but did not influence the rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, wortmannin, a well-known inhibitor of nonhomologous end-joining, also inhibits Rad51 foci formation. In general, there was no correlation between the clonogenic survival at 2 Gy and the percentage of initial Rad51 or gamma-H2AX foci after ionising radiation (IR). The most reliable predictive factor for radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines was the relative fraction of Rad51 foci remaining at 24 h after IR. Although most of the Rad51 foci are co-localised with gamma-H2AX foci, no correlation of the relative fraction of persisting gamma-H2AX foci and SF2 is evident.
Improvement of wheat abiotic stress resistance via genetic transformation (2002)

Aldose reductase gene (ALR) isolated from alfalfa (MsALR), was constructed into a plant expression vector (pAHC), and then named as pAHALR. Wheat suspension culture was bombarded with this plasmid and the transformed calli were cultured and selected on medium containing 10mg/L Bialaphos (15% glufozinate-ammonium) as a selective agent. For the molecular analysis of putative transgenic samples, PCR, Southern and Western blots were carried out. Also aldose reductase enzyme activity was detected by HPLC only in the transgenic callus samples by the accumulation of sorbitol, which is the end product of aldose reductase catalyzed glucose reduction reaction. Protective function of ALR was verified by malondi- aldehyde analysis under stress condition. The activity of the ALR gene will also be investigated on the transgeneic plants by biochemical and physiological analysis. Acta Biol Szeged 46(3-4):5-7 (2002)
Multilingual Event Detection using the NewsReader Pipelines (2016)

Comunicació presentada al LREC 2016 Workshop: Cross-Platform Text Mining and Natural Language Processing Interoperability, celebrat el dia 23 de maig de 2016 a Portoroz, Eslovènia.
BoJack continues humourous take on dark topics (2017)

Review(s) of: BoJack horseman season 4, Created by Raphael Bob-Waksberg, Starring Will Arnett, Amy Sedaris and Alison Brie, Now on Netflix.
A simple, fast parallel implementation of Quicksort and its performance evaluation on SUN Enterprise 10000 (2003)

We have implemented sample sort and a parallel version of Quicksort on a cache-coherent shared address space multiprocessor: the SUN ENTERPRISE 10000. Our computational experiments show that parallel Quicksort outperforms sample sort. Sample sort has been long thought to be the best, general parallel sorting algorithm, especially for larger data sets. On 32 processors of the ENTERPRISE 10000 the speedup of parallel Quicksort is more than six units higher than the speedup of sample sort, resulting in execution times that were more than 50% faster than sample sort. On one processor, parallel quicksort achieved 15% percent faster execution times than sample sorting. Moreover, because of its low memory requirements, parallel Quicksort could sort data sets at twice the size that sample sort could under the same system memory restrictions.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide Whiskers Activated by Elemental Nickel (1999)

Chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide whiskers from the thermal decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane was performed at 1300°C on Ni‐coated graphite substrates with an emphasis on the thickness effect of the activating Ni coatings on the growth characteristics of the whiskers obtained. The results showed that the addition of Ni is essential for the successful preparation of whiskers. As a result of the difference in the thermodynamic and kinetic processes for the breakup of Ni coatings during heating, the number of discrete particles formed was found to decrease with increasing coating thickness, while the diameter of the particles demonstrated an increasing trend. Those particles then acted as a liquid‐forming agent for the successful operation of the vapor‐liquid‐solid mechanism for whisker growth. The nucleation density, length, and aspect ratio of the whiskers thus resulting was found to decrease with increasing Ni coating thickness, but the diameter showed an opposite tendency. In summary, the growth characteristics and quality of the whiskers deposited were strongly affected by the particles formed as a result of the breakup of Ni coatings, which in turn were greatly influenced by the thickness of the Ni coatings. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Surface Characteristics of Wool and Poly ( ethylene Terephthalate) Fabrics and Film Treated with Low-Temperature Plasma Under Atmospheric Pressure (1993)

Wool and poly ( ethylene terephthalate) fabrics and film were treated with low-tem perature plasmas of helium/argon or acetone/argon under atmospheric pressure for 10 to 180 seconds. Although argon itself cannot independently generate a plasma under atmospheric pressure by applying high frequency voltage, it is easily generated by adding a small quantity of helium or acetone to argon gas. Wettability of the fabrics and surface tension of the film increased considerably with the treatment within 30 seconds. ESCA analysis was used to elucidate the surface chemical composition of fibers treated with atmospheric low-temperature plasma. Relative O 1 s intensity in creased considerably and oxygen was incorporated in the form of —CO— and —COO— on the fiber surface. From these results, it appears that low-temperature plasma by atmospheric pressure discharge is effective for modifying the polymer surface, as it acts in the same fashion as low-temperature plasma by glow discharge.
Involvement of kinases in glucose and fructose uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1983)

Uptake of glucose, fructose, and the nonmetabolizable analog 6-deoxyglucose was measured in wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two mutant strains, one (hxk1 hxk2) lacking both hexokinase A(P-I) and B(P-II) but containing glucokinase (and hence able to grow on glucose but not fructose) and the other (hxk1 hxk2 glk) also lacking glucokinase (and not able to grow on glucose either). Uptake of the nonmetabolized substances (i.e., 6-deoxyglucose in all three strains, fructose in the two mutants, and glucose in the triple mutant) reached a plateau at or below the external concentration. The kinetic characteristics of uptake were determined from 5-sec incubations by plotting velocity (V) vs. velocity/substrate concentration (V/S) curves. According to such plots, in the wild-type strain uptake had two components, "high affinity uptake" with Km values of ca. 1 mM for glucose and 6 mM for fructose and "low affinity uptake" with Km values of ca. 20 and 50 mM, respectively. The double kinase mutant showed both components for glucose but only the high Km component for fructose, while the triple kinase mutant showed only high Km uptake for both glucose and fructose. Genetic analysis showed that only in strains lacking both hexokinases (hxk1 hxk2) was the low Km system for fructose absent. Low Km uptake was restored to the triple mutant by introduction of the cloned wild-type genes: HXK1 or HXK2, for fructose uptake, and HXK1, HXK2, or GLK1, for glucose uptake. A phosphoglucose isomerase mutant had both low and high Km uptake for glucose. These results indicate the presence of two types of uptake mechanism for glucose and fructose in yeast, the functioning of one of which, the low Km system, is influenced by the cognate kinases.
Effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on retinal leukocyte and erythrocyte flux in the human retina. (2002)

The results clearly indicate that the blue-field entoptic technique assesses leukocyte movement in the perimacular capillaries of the retina. Moreover, white blood cell density appears to adequately reflect the number of circulating leukocytes within the retinal microvasculature. Hence, an increase in retinal white blood cell density does not necessarily reflect retinal vasodilatation.
Measuring the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs with a Novel Surgical Rat Model (2016)

We present an affordable and easily accessible platform for the measurement of PK parameters of peptides. This novel surgical rat model produces consistent and reproducible results while minimizing animal use.
Prevalence and Distribution of Sarcomeric Gene Mutations in Japanese Patients With Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2011)

This study demonstrated the frequency and distribution of mutations in a large cohort of familial HCM in Japan.
Analysis of a single-ended push-pull audio amplifier (1953)

This paper deals with a t h e o r e t i c a l c i r c u i t analysis of a single-ended push-pull audio amplifier. Linear tube characteristics and small signals are assumed. The problem of impedance matching is first discussed. The properties and the requirements of a s a t i s f a c t o r y d r i v e r s t a g e are analyzed, and an output stage using an impedance matching output transformer is discussed. The effects of the plate-to-ground capacitance of t h e d r i v e r stage on the frequency-gain characteristic and of the choice of the tube and circuit parameters are analyzed. The paper concludes with some experimental results indicative of the inherent properties of the amplifier. In a r e c e n t a r t i c l e by Peterson and Sinclair,l special c i r c u i t s have been suggested by which a high fidelity, low d i s t o r t i o n audio amplifier can be constructed without using output transformers or i n which the requimrnents of an output transformer can be greatly simplified, The present a r t i c l e will give a t h e o r e t i c a l analysis of the b a s i c c i r c u i t used by Peterson and Sinclair. It will be observed that many desirable characte r i s t i c s of t h i s a m p l i f i e r c i r c u i t can be deduced from this analysis.
Update on the role of extracorporeal CO2 removal as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation in ARDS (2015)

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2015 and co-published as a series in Critical Care. Other articles in the series can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2015. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Reduced expression of α5β1 integrin prevents spreading-dependent cell proliferation (1999)

Cell adhesion to substratum results in the initiation of integrin signaling and an integrin-dependent organization of the cytoskeleton (cell spreading). To address the potential relationships between these events and cell proliferation, we transfected NRK fibroblasts with an antisense cDNA encoding a 1.3 kb ATG-spanning portion of (alpha)5 integrin subunit and obtained stable clones in which the surface expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin was selectively reduced. (alpha)5-antisense NRK cells are less spread than the control transfectants, have poorly defined stress fibers, and an increased amount of cortical actin. The antisense clones remained anchorage-dependent, but they proliferated very slowly. Serum dose-response curves showed that they have an impaired response to mitogens. Importantly, cell spreading and stress fiber formation could be completely restored by plating the antisense cells on collagen, but cell spreading failed to rescue proliferation. These data indicate that cell spreading can be uncoupled from cell proliferation and that cytoskeletal organization is important for NRK cell proliferation because it enforces the proliferative effect of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin. Our results also indicate that reduced surface expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin is not sufficient to confer the anchorage-independent phenotype to nontransformed cells.
Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of PdNi Bimetallic Porous Nanostructures with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity (2014)

A class of 3D PdNi bimetallic nano-materials with porous nanostructures is synthesized using a facile and versatile approach at room temperature. Due to their porous nanostructures, their clean surfaces, as well as the synergistic effect between their compositions, the as-prepared PdNi exhibit greatly enhanced activity and stability towards methanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium, holding great promise in fuel cells.
Validation of Scale Prediction Algorithms at Oilfield Conditions (2005)

Abstract Scale and corrosion continue to be serious and costly problems in oil and gas production facilities. Production engineers rely upon computer programs to predict the severity and location of scale deposition and corrosion. The core of these computer programs are algorithms to correlate a set of theoretically derived equations, e.g. the conditional solubility products in Oddo-Tomson saturation index and activity effect corrections in Pitzer theory of specific ion interactions, to a limited set of thermodynamic solubility data. Typically, the solubility data at various temperature and pressure are only available in low salinity matrix. The solubility in high salinity matrix is often done at STP with only simple background electrolytes, e.g. KCl. Limited mixed salt data are available and mostly consisted of seawater matrix at STP. Solubility data are more rigorously tested for halite and calcite, while they are scarce for other oil-field minerals, e.g. barite, gypsum, celestite, and metal-sulfides. Hence, the validity of these equations to extreme oil field conditions is not known. In this paper, a new corrosion-proof, high-temperature, high-pressure flow-through apparatus was developed to measure mineral salt solubilities under relevant oil and gas production conditions, i.e., high temperature, pressure, TDS (total dissolve solids), mixed ion matrices of sulfate, acetate, calcium, magnesium, and the presence of methanol and ethylene glycol. New solubility data illustrates the validity and limitation of the Pitzer activity correction of mineral salt solubilities. Pitzer equations have been shown to accurately predict scaling indices to within 0.1 SI, with ScaleSoftPitzer™, at extreme oil and gas production condition.