gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of the centrosomal gene (<i>FGFR1OP</i>) and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 14 463 cases and 44 188 controls (2016)

Centrosome abnormalities are often observed in premalignant lesions and in situ tumors and have been associated with aneuploidy and tumor development. We investigated the associations of 9354 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 106 centrosomal genes with lung cancer risk by first using the summary data from six published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) (12,160 cases and 16 838 controls) and then conducted in silico replication in two additional independent lung cancer GWASs of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1319 cases and 26,380 controls). A total of 44 significant SNPs with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05 were mapped to one novel gene FGFR1OP and two previously reported genes (TUBB and BRCA2). After combined the results from TRICL with those from Harvard and deCODE, the most significant association (P combined = 8.032 × 10(-6)) was with rs151606 within FGFR1OP. The rs151606 T>G was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.05-1.14]. Another significant tagSNP rs12212247 T>C (P combined = 9.589 × 10(-6)) was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90-0.96). Further in silico functional analyzes revealed that rs151606 might affect transcriptional regulation and result in decreased FGFR1OP expression (P trend = 0.022). The findings shed some new light on the role of centrosome abnormalities in the susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis.
Design of nanostructured plasmonic back contacts for thin-film silicon solar cells (2011)

We report on a plasmonic light-trapping concept based on localized surface plasmon polariton induced light scattering at nanostructured Ag back contacts of thin-film silicon solar cells. The electromagnetic interaction between incident light and localized surface plasmon polariton resonances in nanostructured Ag back contacts was simulated with a three-dimensional numerical solver of Maxwell's equations. Geometrical parameters as well as the embedding material of single and periodic nanostructures on Ag layers were varied. The design of the nanostructures was analyzed regarding their ability to scatter incident light at low optical losses into large angles in the silicon absorber layers of the thin-film silicon solar cells.
Sustainability after the Thermal Energy Supply in Emergency Situations: The Case Study of Abruzzi Earthquake (Italy) (2013)

Recent natural and human-induced emergencies have highlighted the vulnerability of the built environment. In order to immediately answer to people’s needs while managing an emergency, any intervention should be more proactive and take into account renewable technologies that can be applied in anemergency situation. Very few examples of renewable energy systems in emergency situations are presented in the literature and this gap needs to be filled. This paper presents the results of a project on Storage Integrated Solar Thermal Collectors, specifically studied for this kind of situations, carried out during the post-emergency and rehabilitation phases, after the earthquake in Abruzzi (2009). The overall objective of the project was to promote the advance and innovation of sustainable energy systems for the participatory use of renewable sources in post-emergency and rehabilitation phases. To raise the awareness and study the impact on social perception of renewable energy use, a special program was launched by CIRPS (Inter University Research Center on Sustainable Development of “Sapienza” University of Rome) along with L’Aquila municipality within the local population, just a few days after the earthquake. A “learning by doing” methodology was applied to carry out a participatory project, involving the local population and civil society organizations. Conclusions about the analysis of the project outcomes are presented and a set of measures aiming at increasing the renewable energy rates of displaced camps and rehabilitation phase are finally proposed.
The New Pre-Preclinical Paradigm: Compound Optimization in Early and Late Phase Drug Discovery (2001)

The attrition rates of new chemical entities (NCEs) in preclinical and clinical development are staggeringly high. NCEs are abandoned due to insufficient efficacy, safety issues, and economic reasons. Uncovering drug defects that produce these failures as early as possible in drug discovery would be highly effective in lowing the cost and time of developing therapeutically useful drugs. Unfortunately, there is no single factor that can account for these NCE failures in preclinical and clinical development since factors, such as solubility, pKa, absorption, metabolism, formulation, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and efficacy, to name a few, are all interrelated. In addition, there are many problems in scaling-up drug candidates from the laboratory bench scale to the pilot plant scale. To address the problem of attrition rates of NCEs in preclinical and clinical development and drug scale-up issues, pharmaceutical companies need to reorganize their preclinical departments from a traditional linear approach to a parallel approach. In this review, a strategy is put forth to integrate certain aspects of drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, toxicology functions and process chemistry into drug discovery. Compound optimization in early and late phase drug discovery occurs by relating factors such as physicochemical properties, in vitro absorption, in vitro metabolism, in vivo pharmacokinetics and drug scale-up issues to efficacy optimization. This pre-preclinical paradigm will improve the success rate of drug candidates entering development.
How cellular models of urban systems work (1. theory) (2000)

urban-theoretical CA models, on the other hand, are used to examine the role that complexity has in driving dynamics in urban phenomena, such as fringe growth, redevelopment, suburban sprawl, edge city formation, polycentricity, agglomeration, inertia, diffusion, spatial structure, and social segregation. Essentially, abstract urban-theoretical CA models are used as laboratories for testing ideas and theories about the city (as opposed to complexity). Operational urban CA are used as planning support systems (although very few are actually operational) to assist planners, policymakers, and the public in managing and building cities. Generally, these serve as scenario-generating tools that form the basis of discussion. Operational urban models have increasingly turned to rule-based formulations based on logit models and decision theory (De la Barra 1989; Torrens 2000b). Also, in transport modeling, 48 activity-based simulations have been gaining ground (Ben-Akiva and Bowman 1998), and micro simulation with operational models has long been underway (Wegener 1996). It does not take a quantum leap to fuse those approaches with CA, which essentially add a dynamic and spatial spin to these existing techniques (Torrens 2000a, 2001). Indeed, following the development of the TRANSIMS model at Los Alamos National Laboratories (Nagel, Beckman and Barrett 1999), there has been a concerted drive to push metropolitan planning organizations into incorporating CA into operational forecasting models, with the implication that those models be used in the assessment of clean air legislation compliance (Travel Model Improvement Program 1999).
From Natural Silks to New Polymer Fibres (2000)

The future of silk as an engineering fibre is considered, taking into account the significant shortcomings of this material as well as its much-publicised attractions. Attention is focused on issues that remain unsolved or unresolved — either reflecting the difficulty of characterising the complex hierarchical structure in silk solutions and fibres, or arising from the poor reproducibility of silk tensile property measurements. Advantages and attendant practical limitations of harnessing biotechnology to synthesise silk and silk-like proteins in transgenic hosts are addressed.
Functional hemodynamic monitoring (2007)

A systematic approach to an effective resuscitation effort can be incorporated into a protocolized cardiovascular management algorithm, which, in turn, can improve patient-centered outcomes and the cost of healthcare systems, by faster and more effective response in order to diagnose and treat hemodynamically unstable patients both inside and outside of intensive care units.
A natural dye in water-based drilling fluids: Swelling inhibitive characteristic and side effects (2016)

The development of eco-friendly shale inhibitors is still an area which has attracted a lot of attention in the drilling industry. Henna extract is a natural dye which has recently shown considerable inhibition and weak deflocculation properties in clay-water system. This study aims to investigate swelling inhibitive feature and side effects of Henna extract in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). It was carried out through extensive experiments including adsorption measurements on shale by batch equilibrium, inhibition evaluation by dynamic linear swelling and cuttings dispersion, wettability alteration via contact angle measurements, compatibility by rheological properties determinations and fluid loss measurements, and lubricity. Both in natural pH and adjusted pH to 9, Linear adsorption model was more suitable for anticipating the adsorption behavior of Henna extract on the given shale sample. The results of the linear swelling and cuttings dispersion tests demonstrated that Henna extract in drilling fluid formulations diminished the swelling and dispersion characteristics of the addressed shale sample. Moreover, contact angle measurements showed that Henna extract expanded the hydrophobicity of shale formations, preventing and promoting water adsorption and shale stability respectively. This issue definitely introduces wettability alteration as a mechanism for shale stability by Henna extract. Compatibility determinations additionally uncovered that Henna extract is compatible with common WBDFs additives. As indicated by the lubricity tests, Henna extract enhanced the lubricity of WBDFs, a finding which can be of an incredible significance in directional drilling. Among others, advantages such as environmental friendliness, low cost, accessibility, and the counter corrosion property make the applicability of Henna extract in WBDFs profoundly suitable.
O USO DAS MÃDIAS DIGITAIS NA EDUCAÃ‡ÃƒO EM SAÃšDE (2013)

RESUMO: Este trabalho objetiva identificar a produA§A£o cientA­fica acerca do uso das mA­dias digitais na educaA§A£o em saAode, publicada entre os anos de 2000 e 2011 e classificAi-la segundo autor, atividade exercida pelo autor, palavra-chave, ideias principais, ano e tipo. Para tanto, utilizou-se como mA©todo o estudo bibliomA©trico. Os dados foram coletados eletronicamente na Biblioteca Virtual em SaAode (BVS), por se tratar de repositA³rio de publicaA§Aµes cientA­ficas exclusivamente voltadas A  Airea da saAode. Os descritores usados foram: digital media , health education , information and communication technology e seus correspondentes em portuguAas. Das 19 publicaA§Aµes encontradas sobre o tema pesquisado, apenas 1 (5%) A© brasileira e o restante que A© composto por 18 (95%) estudos sA£o internacionais. Quanto aos tipos, as publicaA§Aµes encontradas dividem-se entre 17 (90%) artigos, 1(5%) anotaA§A£o, 1(5%) debate. Â Dentre os anos que apresentaram maior volume de publicaA§A£o, o ano de 2009 A© o que concentra o maior nAomero de trabalhos nesta Airea temAitica, com 4 trabalhos que representam 22% da amostra. Os artigos analisados indicam uma expectativa de crescimento astronA´mico das mA­dias digitais e seu uso na educaA§A£o em saAode e que a web funcione como uma escola virtual baseada no conhecimento sem fronteiras para a educaA§A£o dos mA©dicos/estudantes, profissionais de saAode e pacientes. Assim, o estudo mostrou que a tecnologia eletrA´nica atual fornece recursos de grande relevA¢ncia para ensino e aprendizagem. Â  Palavras chave: EducaA§A£o em saAode. MA­dias digitais. Tecnologias de InformaA§A£o e ComunicaA§A£o. Estudo BibliomA©trico.
Biodistribution of covalent antithrombin-heparin complexes (2006)

We have developed a covalent antithrombin-heparin (ATH) complex with advantages compared to non-covalent antithrombin:heparin (AT:H) mixtures. In addition to increased activity, ATH has a longer intravenous half-life that is partly due to reduced plasma protein binding. Given ATH's altered clearance, we investigated biodistribution of ATH in vivo. ATH made from either human plasma-derived AT (pATH) or recombinant human (produced in goats) AT (rhATH) was studied. 125I-ATH + unlabeled carrier was injected into rabbits at different doses. 131I-labeled albumin was administered just before sacrifice as a marker for trapped blood in tissues. Immediately after sacrifice, animal components were removed, weighed, and subsamples were counted for gamma-radioactivity. Percent recoveries of ATH in various organs/compartments at different time points were calculated, and kinetic distribution plots generated. At saturating doses, early disappearance of rhATH from the circulation was much faster than pATH. Co-incident with clearance, 26 +/- 3% of dose for rhATH was liver-associated compared to only 3.7 +/- 0.5% for pATH by 20 min. Also, at early time periods, >60% of all extravascular ATH was liver-associated. Analysis of the vena cava and aorta suggested that vessel wall binding might also account for initial plasma loss of rhATH. By 24 h, most of pATH and rhATH were present as urinary degradation products (51 +/- 3% and 63 +/- 8%, respectively). In summary, systemic elimination of ATH is greatly influenced by the form of AT in the complex, with liver uptake and degradation playing a major role.
Self-aligned TiSi2 for bipolar applications (1985)

A noble self-aligned process has been developed for bipolar very large-scale integrated (VLSI) applications. The structure considered here is a polysilicon emitter system where diodes and resistors are fabricated within the poly-Si layer and integrated into memory cell units with silicide interconnects. The process was designed to eliminate device degradation related to dopant segregation arising from high temperature cycles. The silicide reaction was studied by conventional furnace anneal in H2 and by rapid thermal anneal (RTA) in Ar and N2. The sintering ambient has a pronounced effect on the silicide growth and film texture. A tremendous improvement in process flexibility and reproducibility can be attained by using N2, which drastically retards the silicide growth. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and chemical data suggested that the Ti–N2 interaction is of physical nature. The dependence of TiSi2/poly-Si contact resistance on the poly-Si doping concentration was measured for As and B doses of 1.0×1014–1.5×1016/cm2. Dopant redistribution during RTA and its effect on the contact resistance were investigated. A model is proposed to explain the observed variation of contact resistance with short time anneal cycles.
Power-Efficient Opportunistic Amplify-and-Forward Single-Relay Aided Multi-User SC-FDMA Uplink (2010)

In this contribution we exploit the benefits of combining the diversity gains arising from cooperation, multiple propagation paths and from the opportunistic scheduling of multiple users, for the sake of supporting a power-efficient single-relay assisted single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access uplink, where each relay supports a single user communicating over dispersive channels subject to large-scale fading. Based on the proposed joint frequency-domain equalisation and diversity combining aided receiver relying on the minimum mean-square error criterion, two different relay selection schemes designed for single-user and multi-user scenarios are investigated, which employ imperfect power control. Our results show that at a bit error ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> , the proposed receiver is capable of saving 2 dB power by achieving a higher cooperative diversity gain than the conventional receiver. Moreover, an approximately 6.8 dB and 8 dB transmit power reduction are attainable by invoking the proposed selective diversity oriented single-user and multi-user relay selection schemes, respectively. Most importantly, a power-efficiency improvement is gleaned from our multi-user relay selection scheme, which avoids the effects of deep shadowing and provides 9.7dB power reduction compared to the non-cooperation scenario.
Combining acceleration and gyroscope data for motion gesture recognition using classifiers with dimensionality constraints (2013)

Motivated by the addition of gyroscopes to a large number of new smart phones, we study the effects of combining accelerometer and gyroscope data on the recognition rate of motion gesture recognizers with dimensionality constraints. Using a large data set of motion gestures we analyze results for the following algorithms: Protractor3D, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Regularized Logistic Regression (LR). We chose to study these algorithms because they are relatively easy to implement, thus well suited for rapid prototyping or early deployment during prototyping stages. For use in our analysis, we contribute a method to extend Protractor3D to work with the 6D data obtained by combining accelerometer and gyroscope data. Our results show that combining accelerometer and gyroscope data is beneficial also for algorithms with dimensionality constraints and improves the gesture recognition rate on our data set by up to 4%.
Monolithic electrode for electric double-layer capacitors based on macro/meso/microporous S-Containing activated carbon with high surface area (2011)

Macro/meso/microporous carbon monoliths doped with sulfur have been prepared from sulfonated poly(divinylbenzene) networks followed by the activation with CO2 resulted in the activated carbon monoliths with high surface area of 2400 m2 g−1. The monolithic electrode of the activated carbon shows remarkably high specific capacitance (175 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 206 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1).
Crowd-Sourced Data Collection for Urban Monitoring via Mobile Sensors (2017)

A considerable amount of research has addressed Internet of Things and connected communities. It is possible to exploit the sensing capabilities of connected communities, by leveraging the continuously growing use of cloud computing solutions and mobile devices. The pervasiveness of mobile sensors also enables the Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) paradigm, which aims at using mobile-embedded sensors to extend monitoring of multiple (environmental) phenomena in expansive urban areas. In this article, we discuss our approach with a cloud-based platform to pave the way for applying crowd sensing in urban scenarios. We have implemented a complete solution for environmental monitoring of several pollutants, like noise, air, electromagnetic fields, and so on in an urban area based on this paradigm. Through extensive experimentation, specifically on noise pollution, we show how the proposed infrastructure exhibits the ability to collect data from connected communities, and enables a seamless support of services needed for improving citizens’ quality of life and eventually helps city decision makers in urban planning.
Triaxially Woven Fabrics: Their Structure and Properties (1971)

A loom developed for producing small samples of triaxially woven fabrics was used to weave experimental amounts of fabric from coarse string, from 3-ply, 840-den nylon yarn and from graphite yarn. The shedding and warp yarn indexing motions are controlled by a series of cams mounted on a cam roll. The sequence of cams can be changed to produce various weave patterns; changes in weave pattern can also be produced for any particular cam roll by varying the sequence of shedding and indexing motions. The nylon triaxial fabric and a range of square orthogonal fabrics woven from the same yarn were evaluated for various structural and mechanical properties. The stability of the triaxial fabric is much greater than that of an orthogonal fabric with the same percent open area. The triaxial fabric exhibits greater isotropy in its bending behavior and a greater shear resistance than a comparable orthogonal fabric.
The BRCA1/2 pathway prevents hematologic cancers in addition to breast and ovarian cancers (2007)

An important function of the BRCA pathway is to prevent a subgroup of human leukemias and lymphomas that may involve non-random, characteristic gene rearrangements. Here, the genetic defect in BRCA pathway deficiencies is a chromosomal misrepair syndrome that may facilitate this subgroup of somatic cancers. Inactivation of a single gene within the pathway can increase risks for multiple cancers and inactivation of a different gene in the same pathway may have similar effects. The results presented here may have clinical implications for surveillance and therapy.
Photocontraction of Liquid Spiropyran-Merocyanine Films (1984)

Amorphous films of a photochromic spiropyran containing a mesogenic group melt, when exposed to heat together with irradiation, to yield a red fluid. This fluid contains aggregates of merocyanine molecules and exhibits marked contraction under light illumination. The mechanism of the photocontraction is dependent upon a specialized microstructure, which may be termed a "quasi-liquid."
Sphingomyelin Inhibits the Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase Reaction with Reconstituted High Density Lipoproteins by Decreasing Enzyme Binding (1996)

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters on high density lipoproteins (HDL) and plays a critical role in reverse cholesterol transport. Sphingomyelin, an important constituent of HDL, may regulate the activity of LCAT at any of the key steps of the enzymatic reaction: binding of LCAT to the interface, activation by apo A-I, or inhibition at the catalytic site. In order to clarify the role of sphingomyelin in the regulation of the LCAT reaction and its effects on the structure of apolipoprotein A-I, we prepared reconstituted HDL (rHDL) containing egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and up to 22 mol % sphingomyelin. Because the interfacial properties of substrate particles can dramatically affect LCAT binding and kinetics, we also prepared and analyzed proteoliposome substrates having the same components as the rHDL, except for a 4-fold higher ratio of phospholipid to apolipoprotein A-I. The reaction kinetics of LCAT with the rHDL particles revealed no significant change in the apparent Vmax but showed a concentration-dependent increase in slope of the reciprocal plots and in the apparent Km values with sphingomyelin content. The dissociation constant (Kd) for LCAT with these particles increased linearly with sphingomyelin content up to 22 mol %, changing in parallel with the apparent Km values. No structural changes of apolipoprotein A-I were detected in the particles with increasing content of sphingomyelin, but fluorescence results with lipophilic probes revealed that significant changes in the acyl chain, backbone, and head group regions of the lipid bilayer of the particles are introduced by the addition of sphingomyelin. On the other hand, the proteoliposome substrates also had increased Kdvalues for LCAT at high sphingomyelin contents but compared with the rHDL particles had a 6-10-fold lower affinity for LCAT binding and exhibited kinetics consistent with competitive inhibition by sphingomyelin at the active site. These results show conclusively that the dominant mechanism for the inhibition of LCAT activity with rHDL particles by sphingomyelin is the impaired binding of the enzyme to the interface. The results also underscore the significant differences in the enzyme reaction kinetics with different substrate particles.