gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attrition-Resistant Porous Particles Produced by Spray Drying (1989)

Attrition resistance can be conferred to porous grains in the micron size range by filling the pores on the periphery of the grains with sub-colloidal or very small colloidal particles capable of coalescing or sintering to form a hard egg shell. This approach requires only a fraction of the hard phase volume required to form an attrition resistant continuous framework or skeleton within the grain pores. When slurries made of mixtures of micron sized particles and discrete small nanoparticles are spray dried, the nanoparticles not strongly adsorbed on the surface of the larger particles migrate to the periphery of the spray droplets where they coalesce forming an egg shell. Special characterization techniques such as electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) combined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction, and surface area measurements played a crucial role in showing that the egg shell zone is made of the micron size particles with the inter-particle voids filled by the coalesced nanoparticles.
Fluvastatin for Prevention of Cardiac Events Following Successful First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2002)

Fluvastatin treatment in patients with average cholesterol levels undergoing their first successful PCI significantly reduces the risk of major adverse cardiac events.
Supporting Document of MISTY1 (2000)

We propose secret-key cryptosystems MISTY1 andMISTY2, which are block ciphers with a 128-bit key, a 64-bit block and a variable number of rounds. MISTY is a generic name for MISTY1 and MISTY2. They are designed on the basis of the theory of provable security against di erential and linear cryptanalysis, and moreover they realize high speed encryption on hardware platforms as well as on software environments. Our software implementation shows that MISTY1 with eight rounds can encrypt a data stream in CBCmode at a speed of 20Mbps and 40Mbps on Pentium/100MHz and PA-7200/120MHz, respectively. For its hardware performance, we have produced a prototype LSI by a process of 0.5 CMOS gate-array and con rmed a speed of 450Mbps. In this paper, we describe the detailed speci cations and design principles of MISTY1 and MISTY2. 1 Fundamental Design Policies of MISTY Our purpose of designing MISTY is to o er secret-key cryptosystems that are applicable to various practical systems as widely as possible; for example, software stored in IC cards and hardware used in fast ATM networks. To realize this, we began its design with the following three fundamental policies: 1. MISTY should have a numerical basis for its security, 2. MISTY should be reasonably fast in software on any processor, 3. MISTY should be su ciently fast in hardware implementation. For the rst policy, we have adopted the theory of provable security against di erential and linear cryptanalysis [1][2][4], which was originally introduced by Kaisa Nyberg and Lars Knudsen. As far as we know, MISTY is the rst block encryption algorithm designed for practical use with provable security against di erential and linear cryptanalysis. Although this advantage does not mean information theoretic provable security, we believe that it is a good starting point for discussing secure block ciphers. Secondly, we have noticed the fact that many recent block ciphers were designed so that they could be fastest and/or smallest on speci c targets; for example, 32-bit microprocessors. This often results in slow and/or big implementation on other types of processors. Since we regarded seeking applicability to various systems as more important than pursuing maximum performance on
Multispectral near-perfect metamaterial absorbers using spatially multiplexed plasmon resonance metal square structures (2013)

Near-perfect IR light absorption at multiple wavelengths has been experimentally demonstrated by using multiplexed metal square plasmonic resonance structures. Optical power absorption over 95% has been observed in dual-band metamaterial absorbers at two separate wavelengths, and optical power absorption over 92.5% has been observed in triple-band metamaterial absorbers at three separate wavelengths. The peak absorption wavelengths are primarily determined by the sizes of the metal squares in the multiplexed structures. Electrical field distributions in the middle of the dielectric spacer layer were calculated at the peak absorption wavelengths. It is found that the strong light absorption corresponds to local quadrupole plasmon resonance modes in the metamaterial structures.
Development of a GPS-based highway toll collection system (2016)

The necessity for vehicles to stop or slow down for toll fee payment results in traffic congestion and reduces fuel efficiency. Hence, a system that enables road users to pay the toll fees without stopping or slowing down was proposed and developed. Hardware and software designs were carried out to develop a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based highway toll collection system. This system was developed using a Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller. Different modules such as GPS module, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, speaker, wireless Wi-Fi router modem and wireless Wi-Fi adapter were incorporated and integrated with the microcontroller to perform a few specific functions. In general, the system utilized GPS coordinates to detect whether a vehicle passed through predefined locations in the database and the travel details were recorded. The Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller was configured as a personal cloud server to allow online access of travel logs. This developed system presents a different approach for highway toll collection which eliminates travel delays and construction of expensive gantries or toll booths.
Surface Cleaning for Si Epitaxy Using Photoexcited Fluorine Gas (1993)

We have demonstrated surface cleaning for Si epitaxy using photoexcited fluorine gas diluted with argon . We found that cleaning removed native Si oxide, as well as carbon contaminants. The method lowered the surface preannealing temperature needed to grow single‐crystal Si films to 690°C. This preannealing is equivalent to annealing in a hydrogen ambient in conventional chemical vapor deposition. The temperature is low because the native Si oxide is thinned by cleaning. cleaning also reduced interfacial impurities, such as oxygen and carbon, between the epitaxial layer and the substrate for preannealing temperatures above 730°C. We found that cleaning works on bulk features near the Si surface, including the elimination of point defects by fluorine atoms and/or removing carbon and oxygen near the surface. cleaning has good potential for cleaning in Si epitaxy.
Sun products documentary. Silicones as adjuvants in sun products. (1987)

Apports des silicones aux produits solaires et aux cosmetiques porteurs d'agents protecteurs UV
The JAK kinase inhibitor CP‐690,550 supresses the growth of human polycythemia vera cells carrying the JAK2<sup>V617F</sup> mutation (2008)

The somatic activating janus kinase 2 mutation (JAK2)(V617F) is detectable in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV). Here we report that CP-690,550 exerts greater antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity against cells harboring JAK2(V617F) compared with JAK2(WT). CP-690,550 treatment of murine factor-dependent cell Patersen-erythropoietin receptor (FDCP-EpoR) cells harboring human wild-type or V617F JAK2 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 2.1 microM and 0.25 microM, respectively. Moreover, CP-690,550 induced a significant pro-apoptotic effect on murine FDCP-EpoR cells carrying JAK2(V617F), whereas a lesser effect was observed for cells carrying wild-type JAK2. This activity was coupled with inhibition of phosphorylation of the key JAK2(V617F)-dependent downstream signaling effectors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, STAT5, and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT). Furthermore, CP-690,550 treatment of ex-vivo-expanded erythroid progenitors from JAK2(V617F)-positive PV patients resulted in specific, antiproliferative (IC(50) = 0.2 microM) and pro-apoptotic activity. In contrast, expanded progenitors from healthy controls were less sensitive to CP-690,550 in proliferation (IC(50) > 1.0 microM), and apoptosis assays. The antiproliferative effect on expanded patient progenitors was paralleled by a decrease in JAK2(V617F) mutant allele frequency, particularly in a patient homozygous for JAK2(V617F). Flow cytometric analysis of expanded PV progenitor cells treated with CP-690,550 suggests a possible transition towards a pattern of erythroid differentiation resembling expanded cells from normal healthy controls.
TGFβ and IL10 have an impact on risk group and prognosis in childhood ALL (2014)

We conclude that gene-polymorphisms of the regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, TGFβ and IL10, but not of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFNγ and TNFα, have an impact on prognosis and risk-group of ALL. However, the reduced capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines at diagnosis may serve as another important, functional risk factor. These data may help in further risk stratification and adaptation of therapy-intensity in paediatric patients with ALL.
Copper(I)-catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling reactions of silanes and amines (1992)

In the presence of cuprous chloride, hydrosilanes and primary amines react to give silazanes. Methylphenylsilane reacts with (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine to give the two diastereomeric monosilazanes as the only products. Aniline and benzylamine react with methylphenyl- and diphenylsilanes to give primarily the monosilazane, disilazane, or diazasilane as the main product, depending on the reactant ratios. Phenylsilane gives higher oligomers with aniline, mainly the trisilatriazane and trisiladiazanes, but no high molecular weight material. Keywords: silanes, amines, silazanes, cuprous chloride, dehydrocoupling, catalysis.
Reactive and reparative fibrillar collagen remodelling in the hypertrophied rat left ventricle: two experimental models of myocardial fibrosis (1990)

The reactive perivascular fibrosis of intramyocardial coronary arteries seen in renovascular hypertension is a progressive process that leads to an interstitial fibrosis and eventual microscopic scarring. In contrast, the endomyocardial scarring that follows isoprenaline induced myocyte necrosis is stable and intramural vessels in remote regions are not involved.
A Little Jeitinho in Brazil: A Case Study on International Management (1997)

As more and more American companies have expanded into parts of the world where the moral and ethical values are different from those in the United States, it has become increasingly important for U.S. companies and individuals considering overseas employment to be able to assess adaptability to different cultures. One method for evaluating such flexibility is through a case study that challenges participants to confront difficult moral and ethical dilemmas business people are likely to encounter during foreign assignments. This case study concerns one such dilemma that faces many business people in South America: whether to participate in the practice of bribing officials "to get things done."
Dry bean tannins: A review of nutritional implications (1985)

Abstract Tannins are one of several antinutritional factors present in dry beans and are located mainly in the seed coat or testa. The tannin content of dry beans ranges from 0.0 to 2.0% depending on the bean species and color of the seed coat. Many high tannin bean varieties are of lower nutritional quality than low tannin varieties of beans. Naturally occurring food legume tannins are reported to interact with proteins (both enzyme and nonenzyme proteins) to form tannin‐protein complexes resulting in inactivation of digestive enzymes and protein insolubility. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that bean tannins decrease protein digestibility, either by inactivating digestive enzymes or by reducing the susceptibility of the substrate proteins after forming complexes with tannins and absorbed ionizable iron. Other deleterious effects of tannins include a lowered feed efficiency and growth depression in experimental animals. The antinutritional activity of bean tannins can be reduced by processing (1 or a combination of 2 or more methods), for example dehulling, soaking, cooking and germination. Genetic selection also may help in breeding varieties low in tannins. Potential chemical treatments such as use of tannin complexing agents are discussed.
Flavanol and Flavonol Contents of Cocoa Powder Products: Influence of the Manufacturing Process (2008)

Major brands of cocoa powder products present in the Spanish market were analyzed for monomeric flavanols [(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin] and flavonols [quercetin-3-glucuronide, quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercitrin), quercetin-3-arabinoside, and quercetin]. In addition, the influence of the manufacturing process of cocoa powder products, in particular, the alkalinization treatment ( Dutching), on the original content of these flavonoids has been studied. (-)-Epicatechin was in the range of 116.02-730.26 microg/g, whereas (+)-catechin was in the range of 81.40-447.62 microg/g in the commercial cocoa products studied. Among flavonols, quercetin-3-arabinoside and isoquercitrin were the major flavonols in the cocoa powder products studied, ranging from 2.10 to 40.33 microg/g and from 3.97 to 42.74 microg/g, respectively, followed by quercetin-3-glucuronide (0.13-9.88 microg/g) and quercetin aglycone (0.28-3.25 microg/g). To our knowledge, these results are the first quantitative data in relation to the content of individualized flavonol derivatives in commercial cocoa powder products. The alkalinization treatment resulted in 60% loss of the mean total flavonoid content. Among flavanols, (-)-epicatechin presented a larger decline (67%, as a mean percentage difference) than (+)-catechin (38%), probably because of its epimerization into (-)-catechin, a less bioavailable form of catechin. A decline was also confirmed for di-, tri-, and tetrameric procyanidins. In the case of flavonols, quercetin presented the highest loss (86%), whereas quercetin-3-glucuronide, quercetin-3-arabinoside, and isoquercitrin showed a similar decrease (58, 62, and 61%, respectively). It is concluded that the large decrease found in the flavonoid content of natural cocoa powder, together with the observed change in the monomeric flavanol profile that results from the alkalinization treatment, could affect the antioxidant properties and the polyphenol biovailability of cocoa powder products.
Effects of air pollutants on acute stroke mortality. (2002)

The relationship between stroke and air pollution has not been adequately studied. We conducted a time-series study to examine the evidence of an association between air pollutants and stroke over 4 years (January 1995-December 1998) in Seoul, Korea. We used a generalized additive model to regress daily stroke death counts for each pollutant, controlling for seasonal and long-term trends and meteorologic influences, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. We observed an estimated increase of 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-1.8%] and 2.9% (95% CI, 0.3-5.5%) in stroke mortality for each interquartile range increase in particulate matter < 10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) and ozone concentrations in the same day. Stroke mortality also increased 3.1% (95% CI, 1.1-5.1%) for nitrogen dioxide, 2.9% (95% CI, 0.8-5.0%) for sulfur dioxide, and 4.1% (95% CI, 1.1-7.2%) for carbon monoxide in a 2-day lag for each interquartile range increase in single-pollutant models. When we examined the associations among PM(10) levels stratified by the level of gaseous pollutants and vice versa, we found that these pollutants are interactive with respect to their effects on the risk of stroke mortality. We also observed that the effects of PM(10) on stroke mortality differ significantly in subgroups by age and sex. We conclude that PM(10) and gaseous pollutants are significant risk factors for acute stroke death and that the elderly and women are more susceptible to the effect of particulate pollutants.
Measurement of magnetostriction in self-biased shielded magnetoresistive heads (1994)

We report a method of measuring the magnetostriction of self-biased shielded magnetoresistive (MR) elements. In this technique the optimum bias current for the MR element, defined as the point where the head delivers the maximum output per unit current, is determined by measuring the head output from a flux source while varying the bias current fed to the element. A mechanical fixture is then used to bend the head and strain the MR film. Because of magnetoelastic effects, the change in stress alters the MR element anisotropy and causes a shift of the optimum bias point. The optimum bias point is measured as a function of the stress applied to the MR element and the dependence modeled using a nonlinear transmission-line model for a shielded MR head with shunt and/or offset bias. Parameters for the model are set by fitting the full output voltage versus bias current curve. The changes in the value of the MR element anisotropy required to fit the experimental data are attributed to changes in the magnetoelastic anisotropy and the magnetostriction calculated. This measurement technique does require the removal of one of the shields in order to guarantee a uniform and reproducible strain of the MR film when the head is bent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of Melanoma (2008)

The recommendations presented here are based predominantly on the results of prospective randomized trials.
RE: “A DICTIONARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY” (1986)

Journal Article RE: “A DICTIONARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY” Get access John M. Last John M. Last Dept. of Epidemiology and Community Medicine School of Medicine, University of Ottawa451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1H8M5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 123, Issue 6, June 1986, Page 1122, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114344 Published: 01 June 1986
Implementation of low-dielectric-constant materials for ULSI circuit performance improvement (2002)

As device geometries and operating voltage continue to decrease while functional density increases, it is imperative to reduce the RC time delay. The new embedded polymer structures improves the interconnect performance through line-to-line capacitance reduction by using polymer only between tightly spaced lines. The gapfill polymeric materials do not degrade the electromigration performance of standard multilayered TiN-Al-TiN interconnects. This scheme alleviates many of the integration and reliability problems associated with polymers, and can be easily adopted into a standard production process.
Integration, cooling and packaging issues for aerospace equipments (2010)

Packaging becomes an important issue in aerospace equipments because of high integration and severe environmental constraints. In order to develop products which respond to the specifications at a minimum cost, Thales performs both mechanical and thermal simulations. The simulation level depends on the phases of design (preliminary or detailed). The major challenges are encountered on thermal management problems with power higher than 100 W at the module level and with local hot spot greater to 100 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Under these conditions, standard cooling approaches using forced air are no longer applicable. To challenge these points Thales has launched European collaboration research programs: ¿COSEE¿ for the development of two phases cooling systems and ¿NANOPACK¿ for the development of thermal interface materials.
Synthesis and reactivities of intramolecular .eta.2-arene and -alkene species via insertion of norbornadiene into palladium-carbon bonds. Preparation of 3,5-disubstituted nortricyclenes from these complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactivities of intramolecular .eta.2-arene and -alkene species via insertion of norbornadiene into palladium-carbon bonds. Preparation of 3,5-disubstituted nortricyclenes from these complexesChen Shun Li, Der Ching Jou, and Chien Hong ChengCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 10, 3945–3954Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00034a029https://doi.org/10.1021/om00034a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Interleukin-17 Prevents the Development of Arthritis in Vaccinated Mice Challenged with<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2003)

We showed that Borrelia burgdorferi-vaccinated interferon gamma-deficient (IFN-gamma(0)) mice challenged with the Lyme spirochete developed a prominent chronic severe destructive osteoarthropathy. The immune response underlying the development of the severe destructive arthritis involves interleukin-17 (IL-17). Treatment of vaccinated IFN-gamma(0) mice challenged with B. burgdorferi with anti-IL-17 antibody delayed the onset of swelling of the hind paws but, more importantly, inhibited the development of arthritis. Histopathologic examination confirmed that treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody prevented the destructive arthropathy seen in vaccinated and challenged IFN-gamma(0) mice. Similar preventive results were obtained when vaccinated and challenged IFN-gamma(0) mice were treated with anti-IL-17 receptor antibody or sequentially with anti-IL-17 antibody followed by anti-IL-17 receptor antibody. By contrast, treatment of vaccinated and challenged IFN-gamma(0) mice with recombinant IL-17 (rIL-17) did not alter the development and progression of arthritis found in vaccinated and challenged IFN-gamma(0) mice without treatment with rIL-17. Therapeutic intervention may be a realistic approach to prevent arthritis, especially if IL-17 is involved in the perpetuation of chronic or intermittent arthritis.