gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space Compression Methods With Output Data Modification (1987)

The main advantages of space compression are the reduction in the number of pins monitored by the tester and the minimization of the memory space required for reference signatures. Compression, however, may reduce fault coverage. We investigate output data modification with the objective to improve the efficiency of syndrome testing and to reduce by a significant amount the error probability. It was found that this approach to output modification depends strongly upon the functions tested and may result in a complicated testing circuit, in some cases. A design algorithm is proposed which combines space compression and output modification. This algorithm will often minimize the disadvantages of both approaches while maintaining error coverage information.
Angle droop versus frequency droop in a voltage source converter based autonomous microgrid (2009)

This paper compares the performance of angle and frequency droops in an autonomous microgrid that only contains voltage source converter (VSC) interfaced distributed generators (DGs). As a VSC can instantaneously change output voltage waveform, power sharing in a microgrid is possible by controlling the output voltage angle of the DGs through droop. The angle droop is able to provide proper load sharing among the DGs without a significant steady state frequency drop in the system. It is shown that the frequency variation with the frequency droop controller is significantly higher than that with the angle droop controller. The angle droop controller is derived from DC load flow. Both the angle and frequency droop controllers are designed through eigenvalue analysis. The performance of these two controllers is then performed through PSCAD simulations.
3′-5′ Phosphoadenosine phosphate is an inhibitor of PARP-1 and a potential mediator of the lithium-dependent inhibition of PARP-1 <i>in vivo</i> (2012)

pAp (3'-5' phosphoadenosine phosphate) is a by-product of sulfur and lipid metabolism and has been shown to have strong inhibitory properties on RNA catabolism. In the present paper we report a new target of pAp, PARP-1 [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1], a key enzyme in the detection of DNA single-strand breaks. We show that pAp can interact with PARP-1 and inhibit its poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity. In vitro, inhibition of PARP-1 was detectable at micromolar concentrations of pAp and altered both PARP-1 automodification and heteromodification of histones. Analysis of the kinetic parameters revealed that pAp acted as a mixed inhibitor that modulated both the Km and the Vmax of PARP-1. In addition, we showed that upon treatment with lithium, a very potent inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for pAp recycling, HeLa cells exhibited a reduced level of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in response to oxidative stress. From these results, we propose that pAp might be a physiological regulator of PARP-1 activity.
Muricatetrocins A and B and Gigantetrocin B: Three New Cytotoxic Monotetrahydrofuran‐Ring Acetogenins from <i>Annona muricata</i> (1993)

Abstract Extracts from the seeds of Annona muricata yielded three new Annonaceous acetogenins: muricatetrocin A (= (5 S )‐3‐{(2 R )‐2‐hydroxy‐9‐{(2 R ,5 S )‐tetrahydro‐5‐[(1 S ,4 S ,5 S )‐1,4,5‐trihydroxyheptadecyl]furan‐2‐yl}nonyl}‐5‐methylfuran‐2(5 H )‐one; 1 ), muricatetrocin B (= (5 S )‐{(2 R )‐2‐hydroxy‐9‐{(2 S ,5 S )‐tetrahydro‐5‐[(1 S ,4 S ,5 S )‐1,4,5‐trihydroxyheptadecyl]furan‐2‐yl}nonyl}‐5‐methylfuran‐2(5 H )‐one; 2 ), and gigantetrocin B (= (5 S )‐3‐{(2 R )‐2‐hydroxy‐7‐{(2 S ,5 S )‐tetrahydro‐5‐[(1 S ,4 R ,5 R )‐1,4,5‐trihydroxynonadecyl]furan‐2‐yl}heptyl}‐5‐methyl‐furan‐2(5 H )‐one; 3 ). Their C‐skeletons were deduced by mass spectrometry. Configurations were determined by 1 H‐NMR of ketal derivatives and 2D‐NMR experiments utilizing Mosher esters. A previously described compound, gigantetrocin A (= (5 S )‐3‐{(2 R )‐2‐hydroxy‐7‐{(2 S ,5 S )‐tetrahydro‐5‐[(1 S ,4 S ,5 S )‐1,4,5‐trihydroxynonadecyl]furan‐2‐yl}heptyl}‐5‐methylfuran‐2‐(5 H )one; 4 ), was also isolated and is new to this species. Compounds 1–4 were all selectively cytotoxic for the HT‐29 human colon‐tumor cell line with potencies at least 10 times that of adriamycin.
Different Forced-Exposure Levels to Banner Advertisements (2001)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This study explores the effects of different levels of forced exposure to banner ads on advertising responses such as advertising perception, clicking of banner ads, banner attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention. The study employed a within-group experimental design using online data collection technology called Cold Fusion. It was found that the degree of forced exposure to banner ads had a significantly positive relationship with advertising perception and clicking of banner ads. Unexpectedly, it was also found that the banner ad presented in the format of the highest forced-exposure level also yielded the most desirable advertising effects (i.e., favorable attitude toward the banner ad, favorable attitude toward the brand, and high purchase intention).
Order-dependent structure of high harmonic wavefronts (2012)

The physics of high harmonics has led to the generation of attosecond pulses and to trains of attosecond pulses. Measurements that confirm the pulse duration are all performed in the far field. All pulse duration measurements tacitly assume that both the beam's wavefront and intensity profile are independent of frequency. However, if one or both are frequency dependent, then the retrieved pulse duration depends on the location where the measurement is made. We measure that each harmonic is very close to a Gaussian, but we also find that both the intensity profile and the beam wavefront depend significantly on the harmonic order. Thus, our findings mean that the pulse duration will depend on where the pulse is observed. Measurement of spectrally resolved wavefronts along with temporal characterization at one single point in the beam would enable complete space-time reconstruction of attosecond pulses. Future attosecond science experiments need not be restricted to spatially averaged observables. Our approach paves the way to recovery of the single molecule response to the strong field.
Design and Development of Multiband Coaxial Continuous Transverse Stub (CTS) Antenna Arrays (2004)

Continuous transverse stub (CTS) technology has been adapted to use with coaxial lines to produce effective microwave antenna structures that radiate omnidirectionally, with high efficiency, low reflection, and useful radiation patterns. In this paper, we describe the design, construction, and testing of a new type of antenna array, that is, a six-element multiband (4.2 and 19.4 GHz) CTS antenna array. The design of the CTS array was optimized through simulation using finite-difference time-domain and then built and tested using both S-parameters and radiation pattern measurements. Simulation results agreed very well with measured data. These simple and low cost coaxial CTS structures could be adapted for base station applications in wireless communication, for satellite communication systems, and Identification Friend-or-Foe systems for the military.
Effects of Fibrates on Serum Metabolic Parameters (2002)

Fibric acid derivatives are a class of hypolipidaemic drugs used in the treatment of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia, mixed hyperlipidaemia and diabetic dyslipidaemia. Fibrate therapy results in a significant decrease in serum triglycerides and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The latest drugs of this class are also effective in lowering low-density (LDL) cholesterol levels and can change the distribution of LDL towards higher and larger particles. The effects of fibrates on lipid metabolism are mostly mediated through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha). A number of angiographic and clinical trials have confirmed that fibrates can slow the progression of atherosclerotic disease and decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently published data suggest that the ability of fibrates to prevent atherosclerosis is not related only to their hypolipidaemic effects but also to other 'pleiotropic effects', such as their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects, as well as their ability to improve endothelial function. Interestingly, fibrates may favourably influence the thrombotic/fibrinolytic system. In fact, most of these drugs can significantly decrease plasma fibrinogen levels and inhibit tissue factor expression and activity in human monocytes and macrophages. Some studies have shown that fibrates can improve carbohydrate metabolism in patients with dyslipidaemia, including diabetic patients. Among fibrates only fenofibrate can significantly decrease serum uric acid levels by increasing renal urate excretion. Fibrates, with the possible exception of gemfibrozil, can significantly increase serum creatinine and homocysteine levels. Finally, a reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (gammaGT) activity is a well-documented effect of therapy with fibrates. The fibrates are generally well-tolerated drugs with few side-effects. The most important side-effect is myositis, which is observed in patients with impaired renal function or when statins are given concomitantly.
A programming interface for network resource management (1999)

The deployment of advanced network services such as virtual reality games, distributed simulation, and video conferencing, will require sophisticated resource management support. The reason is that the quality of the delivered service will depend both on what resources are allocated to the user, and how these resources are managed at runtime. This problem is challenging because the definition of Quality of Service (QoS) is in general user specific, so hardwired resource management mechanisms will not be sufficient. To address the runtime resource management problem, we introduce the concept of a delegate, a code segment that applications or service providers inject into the network to assist in the management of the network resources that are allocated to them. This approach allows users to tailor runtime resource management to best meet their specific needs. Moreover, since delegates execute inside the network, they can easily collect information on changing network conditions, and can quickly adapt the resource allocations for the flows they are responsible for. Delegates have been implemented in the CMU Darwin system, which provides an integrated set of customizable resource management mechanisms in support of sophisticated network services. In this paper we present the design of the delegate runtime system, focusing on the programming interface that delegates use to monitor the network and modify resource use. We describe how delegates are supported in Darwin, and we show how delegates can be used to deal with a number of problems such as congestion control for video streaming, tracking down non-adaptive sources, and balancing traffic load.
Immunostimulatory CpG-DNA Activates Murine Microglia (2002)

Bacterial DNA containing motifs of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG-DNA) triggers innate immune cells through the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9). CpG-DNA possesses potent immunostimulatory effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. Therefore, CpG-DNA contributes to inflammation during the course of bacterial infections. In contrast to other TLR-dependent microbial patterns, CpG-DNA is a strong inductor of IL-12. Thus, it acts as a Th1-polarizing agent that can be utilized as potent vaccine adjuvant. To assess the role of CpG-DNA in immune reactions in the CNS, we analyzed the effects of CpG-DNA on microglial cells in vitro and in vivo. Primary microglial cells as well as microglial cell lines express TLR-9 mRNA. Consequently, CpG-DNA activated microglial cells in vitro and induced TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and NO. Furthermore, MHC class II, B7-1, B7-2, and CD40 molecules were up-regulated. In addition, phagocytic activity of microglia was enhanced. After intracerebroventricular injection of CpG-DNA, microglial cells were activated and produced TNF-alpha and IL-12p40 transcripts, as shown by in situ hybridization. These results indicate that microglia is sensitive to CpG-DNA. Thus, bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs could not only play an important role during infections of the CNS, but also might trigger and sustain Th1-dominated immunopathogenic reactions.
A multi-mode envelope tracking power amplifier for software defined radio transmitters (2010)

A multi-mode envelope tracking power amplifier is presented for software defined and cognitive radio solutions. A new 0.13 um CMOS hysteretic-controlled hybrid switching supply modulator is developed for the mode dependent operation of the power supply modulator. Combined with 1.88 GHz HBT class-AB/F PA operating with novel envelope shaping method, the proposed envelope tracking power amplifier shows high efficiency and linearity over broad output power range. It achieves the PAE of 45/46/34.3% at the average output power of 27.8/29/23.9 dBm for EDGE/WCDMA/Mobile-WiMax, respectively, while satisfying the linearity specification without any digital pre-distortion technique. There are about 7% and 3% improvements of the overall PAE for EDGE and WCDMA, respectively, through the adaptive multi-mode operation.
Temperature dependence of spectral linewidth of InAs/InP quantum dot distributed feedback lasers (2018)

In this paper, we investigate the temperature dependence of spectral linewidth of InAs/InP quantum dot distributed feedback lasers. In comparison with their quantum well counterparts, results show that quantum dot lasers have spectral linewidths rather insensitive to the temperature with minimum values below 200 kHz in the range of 283K to 303K. The experimental results are also well confirmed by numerical simulations. Overall, this work shows that quantum dot lasers are excellent candidates for various applications such as coherent communication systems, high-resolution spectroscopy, high purity photonic microwave generation and on-chip atomic clocks.
On the Prediction of Stationary Functional Time Series (2014)

This article addresses the prediction of stationary functional time series. Existing contributions to this problem have largely focused on the special case of first-order functional autoregressive processes because of their technical tractability and the current lack of advanced functional time series methodology. It is shown here how standard multivariate prediction techniques can be used in this context. The connection between functional and multivariate predictions is made precise for the important case of vector and functional autoregressions. The proposed method is easy to implement, making use of existing statistical software packages, and may, therefore, be attractive to a broader, possibly nonacademic, audience. Its practical applicability is enhanced through the introduction of a novel functional final prediction error model selection criterion that allows for an automatic determination of the lag structure and the dimensionality of the model. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in a simulation study and an application to environmental data, namely the prediction of daily pollution curves describing the concentration of particulate matter in ambient air. It is found that the proposed prediction method often significantly outperforms existing methods.
Seminumerical String Matching (1997)

All of the exact matching methods in the first three chapters, as well as most of the methods that have yet to be discussed in this book, are examples of comparison-based methods. The main primitive operation in each of those methods is the comparison of two characters. There are, however, string matching methods based on bit operations or on arithmetic, rather than character comparisons. These methods therefore have a very different flavor than the comparison-based approaches, even though one can sometimes see character comparisons hidden at the inner level of these “seminumerical” methods. We will discuss three examples of this approach: the Shift-And method and its extension to a program called agrep to handle inexact matching; the use of the Fast Fourier Transform in string matching; and the random fingerprint method of Karp and Rabin.
Comparison of Different Etching Techniques in Order to Reveal Dislocations in Thick Ge Layers (2007)

For the first time, we have evidenced a real correlation between 3 techniques used for defect delineation on Ge layers. Possible and different mechanisms of preferential etching will be also discussed. In the present paper we studied, namely, Cr- free wet-etching solution, gas phase HCl etching and Secco solution. Using optical microscope in the Nomarski contrast and AFM, we have studied the dislocations density and etch pits shape as a function of the etched thicknesses. Datas were compared with plan view TEM. Values close to 1E07cm-2 have been obtained in both cases, confirming the ability of the Cr-free solution to reveal dislocations. Similar values have been obtained on such thick Leti Ge layers after some Secco etch. The EPD values found using Secco are in good agreement with the ones found after HCl and Cr-free etches.
Chromosomal loss and deletion are the most common mechanisms for loss of heterozygosity from chromosomes 5 and 7 in malignant myeloid disorders (1992)

We have examined a population of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for loss of heterozygosity of polymorphic markers on chromosomes 5 and 7. The rationale for this study was the observation that the majority of patients with therapy-related leukemia (t-AML or t-MDS), resulting from cytotoxic treatment for prior malignancies, have loss of chromosome 5 and/or 7 or deletions involving the long arms of one or both of these chromosomes. This cytogenetic finding suggested that tumor-suppressor genes, important in the development of AML, may be located in these chromosomal regions. We analyzed a total of 60 patients, 43 with primary MDS/AML de novo and 17 with t-MDS/t-AML. Leukemia cells were evaluated for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Leukemia cell genotypes were compared with lymphoblastoid cell genotypes from the same patients. Two cases of loss of heterozygosity were identified from chromosomes lacking visible deletions: one involving chromosome 5 in a patient with AML de novo who had a visible deletion of 5q at a later stage of the disease, and one involving chromosome 7 in a patient with t-AML. We conclude that allele loss from loci on chromosomes 5 and 7 in MDS/AML, when it occurs, usually results from major deletion or simple chromosome loss, rather than from mitotic recombination or chromosome loss with duplication of the remaining homologue.
Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019)

As people age, their tissues accumulate an increasing number of somatic mutations. Although most of these mutations are of little or no functional consequence, a mutation may arise that confers a fitness advantage on a cell. When this process happens in the hematopoietic system, a substantial proportion of circulating blood cells may derive from a single mutated stem cell. This outgrowth, called "clonal hematopoiesis," is highly prevalent in the elderly population. Here we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of clonal hematopoiesis, its relationship to malignancies, its link to nonmalignant diseases of aging, and its potential impact on immune function. Clonal hematopoiesis provides a glimpse into the process of mutation and selection that likely occurs in all somatic tissues.
Determination of refractive index profile of partially and highly oriented fibers using double refracting interference microscopy (2003)

Abstract Double refracting polarizing interference microscope designed by Pluta is used with a suggested method to determine the refractive index profile and birefringence profile of partially and highly oriented fibers. The application of this method depends on using Pluta polarizing interference microscope in two positions (crossed position for the duplicated images and subtractive position for the nonduplicated image of the fiber). The mathematical representation of the suggested method is given. The refraction of the light beam inside the fibers is taken into consideration while measuring the fringe shift profile. The refractive index profiles of polypropylene fiber with draw ratio 3.5 are determined using the conventional method. The results are compared with those obtained with the suggested method and found to be in good agreement. The suggested method is applied to determine the refractive index profile of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) partially oriented fiber and poly(ethylene terephthalate) highly oriented fiber. The diffraction of He–Ne laser beam is used to determine the average diameters of these fibers. Microinterferograms are given for illustration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2341–2347, 2003
Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Arrtibutes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance (1990)

Longleaf pine seedlings performed satisfactorily after planting on deep sands in South Carolina in dry years when: (1) They were vertically root-pruned in the nursery. (2) They had 14 or more first-order lateral roots and nonfibrous root systems. (3) They had six or more first-order lateral roots and highly fibrous root systems.
New four-phase generation circuits for low-voltage charge pumps (2002)

A new four-phase clock generator for the four-phase charge pumping circuits for very low supply voltages using 0.5 /spl mu/m double poly CMOS technology to generate high boosted voltages is presented. With the new clock generator, the ten-stage charge pump can efficiently pump to 9 V at supply voltage of 1 V.
Exploiting arc splines for digital maps (2011)

In modern driver assistance systems digital maps have proven usefulness for many applications in providing information on the environment around the host vehicle. For future ADAS, relevant to traffic safety, high precision digital maps including detailed information about the course of individual lanes are needed. We introduce a new method for the generation of highly accurate digital maps including lane specific information based on a wide range of raw data sources. We show that the use of arc splines as a representation model of individual lanes is advantageous for both computational efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, this method is useful for a wide variety of applications using digital maps to enrich driving comfort and traffic safety.
Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Behavior of an Iron‐Base Amorphous Alloy in Alkaline Solutions at 70°C (1989)

An alloy exhibiting high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been prepared by anodic oxidation of amorphous in 30 weight percent (w/o) at 70°C. Electrochemical studies show that the anodic process involves a dissolution‐precipitation mechanism for the Fe(II) species. Surface studies by SEM, EDX, AES, and x‐ray diffraction reveal that the electrode produced is covered by a thick and porous film of . At the beginning of the HER, the oxidized electrode is reduced and fine Fe particles are formed on the amorphous matrix. It is suggested that the reduction mechanism involves also a dissolution‐precipitation process. The iron particles grow and coalesce during the first thousand seconds, producing a highly porous material. After anodic oxidation at 1 mA cm−2 and hydrogen evolution of 104s at −1.3V, the Tafel slope is 77 mV and the exchange current density is 2.3 mA cm−2 in 30 w/o, 70°C.