gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serbia: : Tide of change (2014)

Serbia has had a dramatic year, with landmark elections followed by devastating floods

A couple of months ago Serbia went to the polls for early parliamentary elections. A rift in the Progressive Party and Socialist Party ruling coalition created a trip to the ballot box sooner than anticipated.
A review of RAM based neural networks (2002)

Reviews a class of neural networks often termed 'RAM-based networks'. As this paper shows, the networks are identified by their use of 'logical' 1-in-n decoders as a pre-process to each neuron. The paper explains why the networks have also been termed weightless systems. Two sub-classes of binary neural networks are described, those which use binary weights and use only a single layer of neurons [consisting of the multi-RAM discriminator (MRD), ADAM multiprocessor and WISARD pattern recognition machine] and those which use multi-valued weights and multiple layers of neurons [comprising the probabilistic logic node (PLN), probabilistic RAM (pRAM), goal-seeking neuron (GSN), and time-integrating neuron (TIN) networks]. The paper attempts to show the evolution of the networks, as well as describing the benefits of this class of neural network for hardware implementation.
Spontaneous fracture of a Vena-Tech inferior vena caval filter. (1991)

July 1991Spontaneous fracture of a Vena-Tech inferior vena caval filter.Authors: M H Awh, F C Taylor, and C T LuAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 157, Issue 1https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.157.1.2048515 METRICS PDFotherformats
A New Approach To Estimate Invasion Radius of Water-Based-Drilling-Fluid Filtrate To Evaluate Formation Damage Caused by Overbalanced Drilling (2015)

Summary Formation damage caused by overbalanced drilling with water-based mud (WBM) is inevitable as a result of mud filtrate invading the near-wellbore formation. The invasion radius is critical to the multiphase flow when the well is put on production. It contributes to the total skin that hinders the hydrocarbon production. Furthermore, the response of the logging tools may be affected as a result of such invasion, rendering many inaccurate calculations in formation evaluation. To evaluate the skin caused by mud-filtrate invasion, it is important to determine the radius of invasion. A thorough literature review indicated that no practical and reliable method with solid theoretical basis to quantify formation damage is available. Former studies assumed that single-phase drilling fluid displaces reservoir fluid during the invasion. The neglecting of residual reservoir fluid in the invaded zone will introduce error to invasion-radius estimation. This work takes the residual reservoir fluid into account; thus, the estimation of invasion radius is more accurate. This work proposes a practical model to determine the depth of mud-filtrate invasion near the wellbore drilled by WBM. The distribution of mud-filtrate saturation in the near-wellbore region is also calculated by using drilling-operation parameters, mud-filtration-test data, relative permeability, and drilling time. With the accurately determined invasion radius and known wellbore radius, reservoir permeability, and damaged-reservoir permeability, one can evaluate skin factor more accurately. With the knowledge of invasion volume and radius, one can design the wellbore-cleanup procedure appropriately. The proposed model allows engineers to predict the well performance and to diagnose wellbore problems by checking any deviation from the predicted production. This study also can assist with the correction of parameters inferred from log measurements, thereby reducing the over- and/or underestimation of log-derived parameters used in various formation-evaluation calculations.
FH-GSM frequency hopping GSM (2002)

The GSM system of today is evolving towards smaller cells and higher traffic capacity. The need for microcell and even picocell systems will be greatly increased in the near future. One of the most important factors will then be to provide high traffic capacity and to provide an easy way of performing frequency planning for the system operator. In this paper we present results from system simulations based on the GSM recommendation phase two. We show that the use of power regulation in both up- and downlink in combination with discontinuous transmission (DTX) and slow frequency hopping makes it possible to decrease the frequency reuse distance below 3/9 whilst maintaining system performance. Results from simulations with different frequency reuse distances are presented. System characteristics such as capacity, quality and robustness are evaluated and compared to a fixed plan reference system without frequency hopping or DTX.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amatoxin and phallotoxin concentration in<i>Amanita bisporigera</i>spores (2010)

Even though amatoxins and phallotoxins have been well characterized in basidiocarps of Amanita species, to our knowledge no report of these toxins in spores of Amanitas has been published. Reversed phase HPLC was used to determine non-zero concentrations of alpha-amanitin (0.30 mg/g), and phallacidin (0.02 mg/g) in spores taken from white Amanita sect. phalloideae species. We did not find significant amounts of phalloidin in Amanita spores. We also report concentrations of these toxins from pileus and stipe tissues that are similar to previously reported values, lending support to the hypothesis that toxin concentrations in spores are much less than in other basidiocarp tissues.
Phosphonation of Aryloxyphosphazenes (2001)

Two methods for the addition of pendent dialkyl phosphonate units onto aryloxyphosphazenes, at both the polymeric and cyclic trimer levels, are described. Sodium organophosphites or halogenated organophosphates were used as the phosphonating agents and were allowed to react with bromomethylene- or lithio-functionalized aryloxyphosphazenes, respectively. Phosphonation of bromomethylene−phenoxy side groups proceeded with ∼100% conversion, while phosphonation via lithiophenoxy intermediates yielded 80−85% conversion. The presence of a direct phosphorus−carbon bond in all products was confirmed by 13C NMR. Well-defined, cyclic trimers and polymers were obtained via both methods.
Identification of drug candidate against prostate cancer from the aspect of somatic cell reprogramming (2013)

Considering the similarities between the transcriptional programming involved in cancer progression and somatic cell reprogramming, we tried to identify drugs that would be effective against malignant cancers. We used the early transposon Oct4 and Sox2 enhancer (EOS) system to select human prostate cancer (PCA) cells expressing high levels of OCT4. Patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCA that does not respond to treatment with docetaxel have few therapeutic options. The OCT4-expressing PCA cells selected using the EOS system showed increased tumorigenicity and high resistance to docetaxel, both in vitro and in vivo. By using their gene expression data, expression signature-based prediction for compound candidates identified an antiviral drug, ribavirin, as a conversion modulator from drug resistance to sensitivity. Treatment of PCA cells with ribavirin decreased their resistance against treatment with docetaxel. This indicated that ribavirin reversed the gene expression, including that of humoral factors, in the OCT4-expressing PCA cells selected using the EOS system. Thereby, ribavirin increased the efficacy of docetaxel for cancer cells. We propose a novel cell reprogramming approach, named drug efficacy reprogramming, as a new model for identifying candidate antitumor drugs.
Infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of CF<i>X</i> (<i>X</i>=1–3) radical densities in electron cyclotron resonance plasmas employing C4F8, C2F6, CF4, and CHF3 gases (1996)

Infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measuring CFX (X=1–3) radical densities in electron cyclotron resonance plasmas employing C4F8, C2F6, CF4, and CHF3 gases commonly used for the plasma etching of silicon dioxide. CFX (X=1–3) radical densities in these plasmas were measured systematically together with CHF3 and CF4 molecular densities as a function of microwave power and as a function of H2 dilution. Furthermore, variations of F atom densities in these plasmas were also investigated by the actinometry technique. The differences in the radical and atomic densities according to fluorocarbon feed gases are discussed based on their molecular structures and atomic component ratios (carbon/fluorine and hydrogen/fluorine).
Structural effects on the circular dichroism of ethidium ion nucleic acid complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural effects on the circular dichroism of ethidium ion nucleic acid complexesKenneth S. Dahl, Arthur Pardi, and Ignacio Tinoco Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 11, 2730–2737Publication Date (Print):May 25, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00540a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (919 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simple RC model for integrated multiterminal interconnections (1988)

A lumped model for the dynamic behaviour of integrated interconnections is presented in this paper. This model is obtained by reducing the RC network generated from a bidimensional discretisation of the interconnection; all its internal nodes are eliminated by means of a first order approximation. This model is specially suitable for multiterminal and irregularly shaped interconnections, and it reproduces both the delay and load impedance effects quite accurately.
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma-associated t(2;5) translocation in Hodgkin's disease. (1994)

Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 ALCL) appear pathologically and immunohistochemically related, and a common histogenesis has been postulated in at least some cases. The breakpoints of the t(2;5) (p23;q35) [corrected] translocation, which is reported in about 40% of Ki-1 ALCL, have recently been cloned. They involve a novel tyrosine kinase gene, ALK, at 2p23 and the nucleophosmin gene, NPM, at 5q35. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using NPM and ALK primers consistently detects a fusion product in Ki-1 ALCL cases with the translocation. To determine if this tumor-specific genetic alteration also occurs in HD, we performed NPM-ALK RT-PCR on RNA samples extracted from 40 lymph node biopsies of HD (25 nodular sclerosis, 11 mixed cellularity, 2 lymphocyte depleted, 2 lymphocyte predominant). Using control samples, the sensitivity of the NPM-ALK RT-PCR assay was shown to be at least 1:10(4). Amplifiable template was confirmed in all samples by RT-PCR using beta-actin primers. None of the 40 cases showed the expected 177-bp RT-PCR product indicative of the translocation. We conclude that the most common primary genetic alteration in Ki-1 ALCL, the t(2;5), is absent or very infrequent in typical cases of HD. These results further support the concept that HD and Ki-1 ALCL are pathogenetically distinct entities.
Oil and Gas in Reservoirs with Subnormal Pressures (1977)

Oil and gas are common in stratigraphic traps in structural basins, both deep down near the bottom, and also along the flanks. In many of these traps initial reservoir pressures were subnormal, indicating a lack of permeable connection to the outcrop. Some maps drawn on the potentiometric (piezometric) surface using pressure data from drill-stem tests show clearly the location of the stratigraphic barriers which have trapped the oil; these maps should be used in prospecting. Many giant gas fields with abnormally low initial reservoir pressures are low on the flanks of structural basins. The geologic factors favoring this type of accumulation are not understood. The cause of the low pressures may be related to removal of overburden, which has resulted in a dilation of the pore volume in the rocks, and a decrease in reservoir temperature.
Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions–Methods, Materials, Modeling (2013)

A variety of processes of crystal growth proceeds via the gas phase. A short comparative overview on gas phase transports is given here. However, in the main we deal with the concept of Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions [1, 2]. The term “Chemical Vapor Transport” (CVT) summarizes heterogeneous reactions which show one shared feature: a condensed phase, typically a solid, has an insufficient pressure for its own volatilization. But the pertinent phase can be volatilized in the presence of a gaseous reactant, the transport agent, and deposits elsewhere, usually in the form of crystals. The deposition will take place if there are different external conditions for the chemical equilibrium at the position of crystallization than at the position of volatilization. Usually, different temperatures are applied for volatilization and crystallization, Figure 1.
MIMO-assisted space-code-division multiple-access: linear detectors and performance over multipath fading channels (2005)

In this contribution, we propose and investigate a multiple-input-multiple-output space-division, code-division multiple-access (MIMO SCDMA) scheme. The main objective is to improve the capacity of the existing direct-sequence (DS)-CDMA systems, for example, for supporting an increased number of users, by deploying multiple transmit and receive antennas in the corresponding systems and by using some advanced transmission and detection algorithms. In the proposed MIMO SCDMA system, each user can be distinguished jointly by its spreading code signature and its unique channel impulse response (CIR) transfer function referred to as spatial signature. Hence, the number of users might be supported by the MIMO SCDMA system and the corresponding achievable performance are determined by the degrees of freedom provided by both the code signatures and the spatial signatures, as well as by how efficiently the degrees of freedom are exploited. Specifically, the number of users supported by the proposed MIMO SCDMA can be significantly higher than the number of chips per bit, owing to the employment of space-division. In this contribution, space-time spreading is employed for configuring the transmitted signals. Three types of low-complexity linear detectors, namely, correlation, decorrelating, and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) are considered for detecting the MIMO SCDMA signals. The bit-error rate performance of the MIMO SCDMA system associated with these linear detectors are evaluated by simulations, when assuming that the MIMO SCDMA signals are transmitted over multipath Rayleigh-fading channels. Our study and simulation results show that MIMO SCDMA assisted by multiuser detection is capable of facilitating joint space-time despreading, multipath combining, and receiver diversity combining, while simultaneously suppressing the multiuser interfering signals.
Water dispersible upconverting nanoparticles: effects of surface modification on their luminescence and colloidal stability (2014)

We present a systematic study on the effect of surface ligands on the luminescence properties and colloidal stability of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), comparing nine different surface coatings to render these UCNPs water-dispersible and bioconjugatable. A prerequisite for this study was a large-scale synthetic method that yields ∼2 g per batch of monodisperse oleate-capped UCNPs providing identical core particles. These ∼23 nm sized UCNPs display an upconversion quantum yield of ∼0.35% when dispersed in cyclohexane and excited with a power density of 150 W cm−2, underlining their high quality. A comparison of the colloidal stability and luminescence properties of these UCNPs, subsequently surface modified with ligand exchange or encapsulation protocols, revealed that the ratio of the green (545 nm) and red (658 nm) emission bands determined at a constant excitation power density clearly depends on the surface chemistry. Modifications relying on the deposition of additional (amphiphilic) layer coatings, where the initial oleate coating is retained, show reduced non-radiative quenching by water as compared to UCNPs that are rendered water-dispersible via ligand exchange. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the brightness of the upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs is strongly affected by the type of surface modification, i.e., ligand exchange or encapsulation, yet hardly by the chemical nature of the ligand.
Technique for Experimental Embolization of Cerebral Arteries and Repetitive Selective Internal Carotid Arteriography in Dogs (1968)

Department of Radiology, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center and St. Luke's Hospital Center, New York, N. Y.
Fingolimod. Mitsubishi Pharma/Novartis. (2005)

Mitsubishi Pharma Corp and Novartis AG are developing fingolimod, an orally active immunosuppressant affecting lymphocyte re-circulation, for the potential prevention of transplant rejection and the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Fingolimodis a synthetic sphingosine analog that becomes phosphorylated in vivo and acts as a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist.
Effect of tonic pain on schedule specific feeding behaviour. (2000)

Food deprivation produces analgesia. This response is reversed i.e. pain sensitivity is lowered, when the food deprived rats are fed. In the present study the effect of chronic pain on the motivation to get food, in food deprived rats, was observed. In ten rats the effect of formalin and morphine plus formalin on the motivation to get food was studied. Injection of formalin significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the number of lever presses from 450 +/- 30 to 225 +/- 25. However, after injecting morphine the effect was reversed. The present study shows reduced internal drive to procure food by the food deprived animals, when they were under chronic pain. The effect was blocked by morphine, suggesting the role of opioids in modulating the motivation for getting food.
Influence of interleukin-1 on neutrophil function and resistance to Streptococcus suis in young pigs (1993)

Nonspecific immunity is usually lower in young pigs than adults. Consequently, enhancing the young pig's nonspecific immune capability may be beneficial for the health and performance of early-weaned pigs. Twenty, 9-d-old, crossbred pigs were allotted by litter and weight into two treatment groups: recombinant bovine interleukin- 1Î² (rBoIL-1Î²; 5 Î¼g/kg, intramuscularly at 9 and 10 d of age)) or control. Pigs were weaned at 10 d of age and housed in an isolation facility with ad libitum access to water and a pelleted diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirements and provide maximum growth of early-weaned pigs. Blood samples were obtained on 9, 12, 15, and 18 d of age for determination of several neutrophil function assays including: bactericidal activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and superoxide anion production. Pigs were challenged with S. suis (serotype 2) at 18 d of age. Neutrophil-mediated ADCC was increased at 12, 15, and 18 d of age in pigs treated with rBoIL-1Î². Two days postweaning, neutrophil-mediated lysis of Staphylococcus aureus was lower in control pigs when compared to rBoIL-1Î²-treated pigs (6.6 vs 13.3%). Superoxide anion production was not influenced by rBoIL-1Î² treatment. Clinical signs of S. suis infection were less severe in pigs administered rBoIL-1Î². These data suggest that rBoIL-1Î² increases neutrophil function and resistance to S. suis in early-weaned pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18,1993
Molecular identification by RNA-RNA hybridization of a human rotavirus that is closely related to rotaviruses of feline and canine origin (1990)

With a few exceptions subgroup I group A human rotavirus strains have short RNA patterns, whereas most animal rotavirus strains belong to subgroup I and have long RNA patterns. Thus, new isolates of subgroup I human rotaviruses with long RNA patterns are considered to have a high likelihood of being animal rotaviruses. A group of human rotaviruses represented by the AU-1 strain has recently been shown to be genetically related to a feline rotavirus (FRV-1) isolated in Japan. A human rotavirus, strain Ro1845, which is similar to the AU-1 strain in its subgroup (I), serotype (3), and electropherotype (long), was compared with various human and animal strains by RNA-RNA hybridization to determine its genogroup, a term proposed to classify rotaviruses based on their gene homology. The Ro1845 strain did not show a significant level of homology with AU-1, FRV-1, or other human strains, indicating that the Ro1845 strain is different in its genogroup not only from the AU-1 strain but also from other human strains. However, the Ro1845 strain showed a high degree of homology with another feline rotavirus (Cat97) isolated previously in Australia, suggesting that the Ro1845 strain might originate from a feline rotavirus that is genetically distinct from the Japanese FRV-1 strain. Furthermore, the Ro1845 strain as well as the Cat97 strain were related genetically to the canine rotavirus RS15 strain. Taken together, these results indicate that at least two genogroups are present in feline rotaviruses, one resembling the AU-1 strain and the other resembling the Ro1845 strain as well as canine rotaviruses.
Secure Data Retrieval based on Attribute-based Encryption in Cloud (2016)

Cloud computing plays important role in the development of IT industry. It can help a small organization to headway their business. An organization can progress from small scale industry to large scale industry. "Cloud" basically internet based data, network, resource storage. Meanwhile security, integrity, confidentiality requirement need must be achieve by cloud implementation. Attribute based encryption policy provides efficient encryption of data. Hierarchical implementation implies that an organization able to assign different privileges to users according to their role, using a top to bottom approach. Cloudsim has made virtual environment of cloud for developers. It connects to virtual resources according to user requirement of network resources. This paper describes the implementation of Hierarchical attribute base encryption scheme on cloudsim tool. Implementing attribute based encryption where rijndael algorithm used to encrypt data. Also paper include efficiency of encryption and decryption scheme used in implementation