gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor-β, Estrogen, and Progesterone Converge on the Regulation of p27Kip1 in the Normal and Malignant Endometrium (2007)

Hormones and growth factors regulate endometrial cell growth. Disrupted transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in primary endometrial carcinoma (ECA) cells leads to loss of TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition, which we show herein results in lack of up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) (p27) to arrest cells in G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Conversely, in normal primary endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), TGF-beta induces a dose-dependent increase in p27 protein, with a total 3.6-fold maximal increase at 100 pmol/L TGF-beta, which was 2-fold higher in the nuclear fraction; mRNA levels were unaffected. In addition, ECA tissue lysates show a high rate of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27 compared with normal secretory-phase endometrial tissue (SE) such that 4% and 89% of recombinant p27 added to the lysates remains after 3 and 20 h, respectively. These results are reflected in vivo as ECA tissue lacks p27 compared with high expression of p27 in SE (P < or = 0.001). Furthermore, we show that estrogen treatment of EECs causes mitogen-activated protein kinase-driven proteasomal degradation of p27 whereas progesterone induces a marked increase in p27 in both normal EECs and ECA cells. Therefore, these data suggest that TGF-beta induces accumulation of p27 for normal growth regulation of EECs. However, in ECA, in addition to enhanced proteasomal degradation of p27, TGF-beta cannot induce p27 levels due to dysregulated TGF-beta signaling, thereby causing 17beta-estradiol-driven p27 degradation to proceed unchecked for cell cycle progression. Thus, p27 may be a central target for growth regulation of normal endometrium and in the pathogenesis of ECA.
<i>Aspergillus Ficuum</i>Phytase: Partial Primary Structure, Substrate Selectivity, and Kinetic Characterization (1988)

Purified Aspergillus ficuum phytase's partial primary structure and amino acid and sugar composition were elucidated. Determination of kinetic parameters of the enzyme at different pH values and temperatures indicated no significant alteration of the Km for phytate while the Kcat was affected. The enzyme was able to release more than 51% of the total available Pi from phytate in a 3.0 hr assay at 58 degrees C, but the Kcat dropped to 15% of the initial rate. Substrate selectivity studies revealed phytate to be the preferred substrate. The pH optima of phytase was 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0 for phytate, ATP, and polyphosphate, respectively. The enzyme had varied sensitivity towards cations. While Ca++ and Fe++ produced no effect on the catalytic rate of the enzyme, Cu+, Cu++, Zn++, and Fe were found to be inhibitory. Mn++ was observed to enhance enzyme activity by 33% at 50 microM. Known inhibitors of acid phosphatases e.g. L (+)-tartrate, phosphomycin, and sodium fluoride had no effect on enzyme activity.
Write-Optimized STT-MRAM Bit-Cells Using Asymmetrically Doped Transistors (2014)

Spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) is a potential candidate for replacing SRAMs in last level on-chip caches. However, it comes with high write power and oxide reliability issues due to large current required to achieve high speed switching. In this letter, we propose a technique to mitigate the conflict between write-ability and write power of STT MRAM using an access transistor with asymmetric doping at the source/drain terminals. Our technique achieves 35% write power reduction at iso-write speed. In addition, the maximum voltage drop across the tunnel barrier in the Magnetic Tunnel Junction reduces by 23% which improves its reliability.
Few-particle energies versus geometry and composition of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>In</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ga</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mtext>GaAs</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>self-organized quantum dots (2009)

Energies of exciton, biexciton, and charged excitons for a large variety of realistic quantum dots are calculated using the configuration-interaction model in conjunction with eight-band $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ theory. The interrelation between quantum dot (QD) geometry and composition, the resulting shape and position of electron and hole wave functions, the direct Coulomb energies, and the changes introduced by correlation effects are analyzed in detail. The QD size, the base shape---being either circular, square, or rhombohedral---and the vertical and lateral aspect ratio are varied. Different average compositions and composition profiles, such as the ``trumpet shape,'' or an isotropic In gradient resulting from postgrowth annealing processes are studied. The resulting spectroscopic signatures turn out to be very sensitive to all these structural and chemical parameters. We analyze their interrelation to address the band-structure inversion problem, gaining information on the QD morphology from its spectroscopic signature. The results are compared to available experimental data.
<i>GBA</i> ‐associated Parkinson's disease: Reduced survival and more rapid progression in a prospective longitudinal study (2014)

The mutational GBA status, rather than older age and age at onset, presents an important predictor for disease progression in this specific subgroup of PD patients.
Representation et codage de sequences video par maillages 2ddeformables (1999)

Cette these traite de l'utilisation des maillages pour le codage video. Deux axes privilegies mettant en uvre des structures de maillages triangulaires sont traites : l'approximation des images et l'estimation du mouvement. Dans un premier temps notre travail a donc consiste a explorer les domaines de l'echantillonnage irregulier et de l'approximation de surface, en etudiant plus particulierement la methode des elements finis. Ce travail a permis d'elaborer un premier schema de codage d'images fixes par maillage irregulier adapte. La scalabilite constituant l'une de nos preoccupations, nous avons ensuite developpe une approche hierarchique permettant une representation de qualite progressive basee sur une decomposition reguliere. Approximant l'image par des fonctions polynomiales, ces techniques presentent des difficultes pour compresser efficacement les textures. Nous avons donc developpe une approche hybride ou l'approximation polynomiale et une transformation frequentielle locale sont associees dans un meme procede de codage. L'estimation de mouvement constitue le second volet de ce travail : suite a une etude bibliographique, nous avons etabli une classification des techniques mettant en uvre les maillages. Les plus utilisees d'entre elles sont comparees, permettant une identification des plus performantes. Suite a cette etude, une approche originale hierarchique et multiresolution est proposee. L'ensemble des outils developpes sont rassembles dans la troisieme et derniere partie de ce document. Celle-ci presente deux schemas de codage, l'un realisant le suivi d'un maillage irregulier adapte, et l'autre combinant approximation intra et estimation du mouvement en une unique structure hierarchique de maillage. Finalement, une adaptation des outils au cadre du codage oriente objet est proposee.
The Performance of Piezoelectric Crystal Sensors Used to Determine Aerosol Mass Concentrations (1975)

Aerosol mass concentration determination using piezoelectric crystal sensors was investigated. Five areas of influence were studied: temperature, humidity, particle collection characteristics, response linearity, and mass sensitivity. A theoretical review is included. Neither air stream temperature nor humidity fluctuations were compensated by the use of a reference crystal. The temperature induced error was satisfactorily reduced by minimizing the inlet temperature change rate. The humidity induced error resulted principally from moisture absorption and desorption by the aerosol deposit. The observed linear response limits ranged from 0.2 to 6 mug/mm2 for various aerosols and instrument designs. No relationship between the linearity limit and the point of complete saturation was apparent. The mass sensitivity was a function of the deposit size and location. Energy trapping theory helped to predict the mass sensitivity distribution. The mass sensing ability decreased for particle sizes beginning at approximately 2 mum diameter, reaching essentially zero at 20 mum. The use of viscous crystal coatings appeared to improve the sensing ability in the 2 to 20 mum size range.
Peroxide Degradation of Polypropylene during Reactive Extrusion (1988)

The production of controlled-rheology polypropylene polymers by means of peroxide initiated degradation during reactive extrusion has been studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out using various amounts of a peroxide to promote chain scission reactions for the purpose of modifying the molecular weight distribution of commercial isotactic polypropylene resins. Experimental runs were carried out in a single screw plasticating extruder and in glass ampoules. The polymers produced were evaluated in terms of their molecular, rheological and mechanical properties. During the extruder runs the residence time distribution in the extruder screw channel was measured by using a radioactive tracer technique in order to study the effects of peroxide concentration, barrel temperature and screw speed. A fully-predictive mathematical model was developed for the peroxide degradation of polypropylene in a single-screw plasticating extruder. The model was developed using conventional plasticating extrusion theory and a simple set of chemical reactions which caused chain scission. The interactions of the flow and reaction phenomena were taken into account via residence time distribution and the chemorheology of the reactive melt. The model includes several submodels for the flow of solids in a feed hopper, flow in the solids conveying zone of the extruder, melting of the polymer, flow and reaction in the melt pumping zone and in the die region. Given the operating conditions and the geometrical configuration of the screw, the model can predict: the mass flow rate of the polymer, the pressure, temperature and molecular weight profiles along the screw channel and in the die, extrudate swell at the die exit and the residence time distribution of the material in the extruder channel. Model predictions are in good agreement with measurements on a 38 mm diameter extruder.
Electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol on bare and Pt-modified Ru(1010) electrodes (2005)

The activity towards CO and methanol electrooxidation of bare and platinum-modified Ru(1010) surfaces has been investigated. The structure/morphology and composition of the modified surfaces were characterized using electron diffraction techniques (LEED, RHEED) and Auger spectroscopy. The bare Ru(1010) surface exhibits a higher catalytic activity towards CO electrooxidation than the Ru(0001) surface due to the lower oxidation potential of the former surface. The early stages of surface oxidation lead to disordering of the surface and further enhancing of the electrocatalytic activity. Electrodeposition of Pt on Ru(1010) leads to epitaxial growth via a Volmer-Weber growth mode. The Pt clusters grow preferentially with the (311) plane parallel to the substrate surface with (011) rows in the layers in contact with the substrate compressed by about 3% with respect to bulk Pt, in order to match with the (1210) rows of the Ru(1010) surface. This compression leads to enhanced catalytic activity towards CO oxidation for thin Pt deposits whereas for large deposited Pt particles the dominating factor for the catalytic enhancement is the higher concentration of surface defects. On the other hand, in the case of methanol oxidation, the dominant factor in determining the catalytic activity is the concentration of adjacent Pt-Ru sites, although surface defects play an important role in the methanol dehydrogenation steps.
FlowHacker: Detecting Unknown Network Attacks in Big Traffic Data Using Network Flows (2018)

Traditional Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) inspect the payload of the packets looking for known intrusion signatures or deviations from normal behavior, but inspecting traffic at the current speed of Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks is difficult or even unfeasible. This paper presents an approach to detect malicious traffic and identify malicious hosts by inspecting flows, leveraging a combination of unsupervised machine learning and threat intelligence, without requiring either previous knowledge about attacks or traffic without attacks. The approach was implemented in the FlowHacker NIDS and evaluated with two kinds of traffic flows: synthetic traffic flows and real ISP traffic flows.
Perfluoropentacene:  High-Performance p−n Junctions and Complementary Circuits with Pentacene (2004)

We report the synthesis and characterization of perfluoropentacene as an n-type semiconductor for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Perfluoropentacene is a planar and crystalline material that adopts a herringbone structure as observed for pentacene. OFETs with perfluoropentacene were constructed using top-contact geometry, and an electron mobility of 0.11 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed. Bipolar OFETs with perfluoropentacene and pentacene function at both negative and positive gate voltages. The improved p-n junctions are probably due to the similar d-spacings of both acenes. Complementary inverter circuits were fabricated, and the transfer characteristics exhibit a sharp inversion of the output signal with a high-voltage gain.
Chromium(VI) Oxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones with Periodic Acid (2003)

A highly efficient and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with periodic acid catalyzed by CrO(3) is described. A variety of electron-rich and electron-deficient sulfides were oxidized to sulfones with 2 mol % CrO(3) in acetonitrile at room temperature in excellent yields. Sulfides with other readily oxidized functional groups were selectively oxidized to sulfones in high yields with 10 mol % CrO(3) in ethyl acetate/acetonitrile at -35 degrees C.
Technology development for iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, September 30, 1991 (1991)

Although the oxidation process of Fe(OH){sub 2} and the mechanism of formation of {gamma}-FeOOH have been studied by several groups, many questions still need to be answered. In addition, the procedure for the synthesis of pure {gamma}-FeOOH has not been well defined. This study is to an attempt to define better the chemistry associated with oxidizing Fe{sup 2+} to {gamma}-FeOOH, and to provide a rationale for scaling this method up to produce kg/hr amounts of {gamma}-FeOOH.
Analysis of the gene encoding the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from<i>T.Thermophilus</i>HB8 (1991)

The gene for the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium T. thermophilus HB8 was cloned using oligonucleotide probes complementary to conserved regions of RNase P RNA subunits from proteobacteria. The monocistronic gene and its flanking regions were sequenced. The gene is enclosed by a promoter and a rho-independent terminator. Nuclease S1 protection analyses showed that the primary transcript is identical with the mature RNA, i.e. no processing events are involved. The stem and loop structure of the terminator remains part of the mature molecule. In vitro transcription of the cloned gene with purified RNA polymerase from T. thermophilus yields the same RNA product as in vivo, indicating that no other components except RNA polymerase are involved in the synthesis of the RNA. RNase P RNA from T. thermophilus cleaved a pre-tRNA(Tyr) from E. coli with highest efficiency between 55 degrees C and 65 degrees C. The T. thermophilus RNA, which has a G-C content of 86% in helical regions, displays several structural idiosyncrasies, although its secondary structure is similar to that of proteobacteria. Numerous invariable nucleotides in the structural core of eubacterial RNase P RNAs are also conserved in the RNA from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium.
CN photodissociation and predissociation chemical lasers: Molecular electronic and vibrational laser emissions (1974)

Molecular electronic [CN*(A2Π3/2, v′ = 0) → CN(X2Σ+, v″ = 0,1,2)] and vibrational [CN† (X2Σ+, v′) → CN(X2Σ+, v′ − 1), v′ = 5,4,3,2] cyanide radical laser emissions have been observed following photodissociative and predissociative fragmentation of cyanide parents [HCN, ClCN, BrCN ICN, (CN)2, CH3NC, CF3CN, C2F5CN] at λ ≥ 1550 Å. The observed transitions and their relative gain coefficients and quenching behaviors are used in connection with spectroscopy and fluorescence experiments to formulate a state-to-state photochemical reaction mechanism, viz., RCN lim →ℏ ωR+CN*(A2Πi,v′=0 primarily),CN*(A2Πi,v′=0)+M→ CN†(X2Σ+,v″=4 primarily)+M,in which nascent photochemical products are formed with high electronic population inversion [NCN*(A)/NCN(X) ≫ 1] and no vibronic inversion within the A2Πi manifolds (i.e., v = 0 is the principal product vibronic state). Near-resonant collision-induced intersystem crossing is shown to preferentially populate v = 4 within the X2Σ+ electronic manifold. Electronic and vibronic population inversions are treated via state-to-state adiabatic correlation diagrams and a simple dynamical model for reaction product vibronic state distributions. Anomalous laser behavior in the BrCN photodissociation system is rationalized via an intramolecular near-resonant E → E′ energy transfer scheme.
Determination of Free Sulfur in Rubber. I. Iodometric Method of Determination of Free Sulfur (1935)

Abstract Up to the present time the determination of free sulfur has been carried out by extracting the rubber by acetone, followed by oxidation of the sulfur with bromine to sulfuric acid. This method has very substantial drawbacks, such as the fact that each determination of sulfur requires many hours, and the results of the analysis are received in the best cases on the second day. The method developed by the present authors is based on the iodometric method for the determination of sulfides, sulfites, and hyposulfites in the presence of one another. The rubber is treated with a solution of sodium sulfite Na 2 SO 3 , which transforms the free sulfur into hyposulfite, thus: Na 2 SO 3 + S → Na 2 S 2 O 3 . The resulting solution. contains Na 2 SO 3 and Na 2 S 2 O 3 . The sample, about 2 g. of finely cut rubber, is put into an Erlenmeyer flask of 250–300 cc. capacity, and 100 cc. of 5% solution of sodium sulfite are added. Tests have shown that the best extraction of sulfur takes place in the presence of an excess of Na 2 SO 3 over that required by the reaction. Five grams of dry sodium sulfite enough to extract from 0.05 to 2% S.
DC-NK cell cross talk as a novel CD4+ T-cell–independent pathway for antitumor CTL induction (2005)

It is generally accepted that priming of antitumor CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) needs help that can be provided by CD4+ T cells. We show that interactions between dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells can bypass the T helper arm in CTL induction. Bone marrow-derived DCs caused rejection of the A20 lymphoma and induced tumor-specific long-term memory, although they were not loaded with tumor-derived antigen. Experiments using CD40(-) knock-out mice and cell depletion showed that this effect did not require CD4+ cells. Both primary rejection and long-term CTL memory were the result of NK cell activation by DCs. NK cytotoxicity, which was necessary for primary rejection, was dependent on expression of natural killer group 2 D (NKG2D) ligands on tumor cells. Blocking of these ligands using NKG2D tetramers abrogated tumor killing in vitro and in vivo. The long-term response was due to CTLs directed against antigen(s) expressed on A20 and in vitro-differentiated DCs. The mechanism leading to CD4+ helper cell-independent CTL responses was elucidated as a cascade that was initiated by NK cell activation. This pathway was dependent on inter-feron-gamma expression and involved priming endogenous DCs for interleukin-12 production. Our data suggest a novel pathway linking innate and adaptive immunity.
TAKEOVER: A New Vertical Handover Concept for Next-Generation Heterogeneous Networks (2005)

One of the major challenges for seamless mobility in next-generation heterogeneous networks is vertical handover, which is the process of maintaining a mobile user's active connections as it changes its point of attachment. For seamless vertical handover, we introduce a new concept, takeover, which enables a neighbor node to process requests of a mobile node. We develop protocol and operation for the takeover and apply it to vertical handover for next-generation heterogeneous networks. The proposed handover scheme using the takeover protocol reduces average handover latency and so enables a fast and seamless handover between two different access technologies. The simulation results show that the takeover-based vertical handover scheme achieves better performances compared with conventional handover schemes, with respect to handover delay, packet loss, and power consumption.
Interleukin-6 Directly Increases Glucose Metabolism in Resting Human Skeletal Muscle (2007)

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine shown to modify insulin sensitivity. Elevated plasma levels of IL-6 are observed in insulin-resistant states. Interestingly, plasma IL-6 levels also increase during exercise, with skeletal muscle being the predominant source. Thus, IL-6 has also been suggested to promote insulin-mediated glucose utilization. In this study, we determined the direct effects of IL-6 on glucose transport and signal transduction in human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle strips were prepared from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from 22 healthy men. Muscle strips were incubated with or without IL-6 (120 ng/ml). We found that IL-6 increased glucose transport in human skeletal muscle 1.3-fold (P < 0.05). A 30-min pre-exposure to IL-6 did not affect insulin-stimulated glucose transport. IL-6 also increased skeletal muscle glucose incorporation into glycogen, as well as glucose oxidation (1.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). IL-6 increased phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; P < 0.05), AMP-activated protein kinase (P = 0.063), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P < 0.05) and reduced phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (P < 0.05). In contrast, phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt, AS160 (Akt substrate of 160 kDa), and GSK3alpha/beta (glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha/beta) as well as insulin receptor substrate 1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity remained unaltered. In conclusion, acute IL-6 exposure increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin signaling were unchanged after IL-6 exposure.