gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Contrast-to-Noise Ratios of Transmission and Dark-Field Signal in Grating-Based X-ray Imaging for Healthy Murine Lung Tissue (2012)

The contrast-to-noise ratio of dark-field images compares more favorably to the contrast-to-noise ratio of transmission images for peripheral lung regions as compared to central regions. For any specific specimen, a calculation of the RCG allows comparing which X-ray modality (dark-field or transmission imaging) produces better contrast-to-noise characteristics in a well-defined ROI.
Blockade of the inflammatory effects of platelet-activating factor by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. (1981)

1. The edematogenic and hyperalgesic effects of synthetic Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF-acether) on the rat paw were investigated. 2. PAF-acether induced a dose-dependent oedema and hyperalgesia. 3. These effects were partially reduced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 4. It is suggested that the oedema and hyperalgesia in response to PAF-acether are due at least in part to the release of a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite, probably prostacyclin.
Slender Steel Columns Strengthened Using High-Modulus CFRP Plates for Buckling Control (2009)

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the behavior of slender steel columns strengthened using high-modulus (313GPa), carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. Eighteen slender hollow structural section square column specimens, 44×44×3.2mm, were concentrically loaded to failure. The effectiveness of CFRP was evaluated for different slenderness ratios (kL∕r), namely, 46, 70, and 93. The maximum increases in ultimate load ranged from 6 to 71% and axial stiffness ranged from 10 to 17%, respectively, depending on kL∕r. As kL∕r reduced, the effectiveness of CFRP plates also reduced, and failure mode changed from CFRP plate crushing after occurrence of overall buckling, to debonding prior to, or just at, buckling. A simplified analytical model is proposed to predict the ultimate axial load of FRP-strengthened slender steel columns, based on the ANSI/AISC 360-05 provisions, which were modified to account for the transformed section properties and a failure criteria of FRP derived from the experimental results. It was shown that for a given FRP reinforcement ratio, there is a critical kL∕r at the low end, below which FRP may not enhance the strength of the column.
Securing Network using Network Access Control, User and Resource Management, and Location-based Security (2012)

The first and primary law of network access control is to limit the access of network resources among the various types of users. NAC basically decides whom to let go onto the network. It decides the validity of user based on their identity and role. But its work does not stop on user authorization. What happens when user gets access to the network resources? This will be described in this paper. In this paper we present a way to secure the network resources using identity-based, role-based and behaviour-based network access control techniques. Resources will be divided into 5 categories and according to the role of user; access to these resources will be defined. These permissions can be changed on the bases of behaviour of the user. This will make NAC dynamic. And for dynamic user management, clusters of user will be formed based on their behaviour. To secure the network location-based security will be used.
Characterisation of scaffold architecture and tendons using optical coherence tomography and polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2008)

Scaffolds play an important role in the generation of functional tissues using tissue-engineering techniques. To generate highly organised tissue, scaffolds must have specific internal and external architectures. Here, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is exploited to characterise the architectures of various scaffolds, in particular scaffolds which have been fabricated to support the formation of uniaxially orientated collagen bundle for use in tendon tissue engineering. In parallel, a polarisation-sensitive OCT (PSOCT) has been built to assess the collagen fibre organisation in human tendon and monitor the growth of engineering tendon constructs online and non-destructively. The impact of mechanical stimuli on the modulation of tendon tissue formation and organisation was also assessed. It is shown that conventional OCT is capable of characterising scaffold architecture and the pore size, porosity or microchannel dimension can be determined quantitatively and qualitatively. PSOCT generated birefringence images of human tendon and demonstrated that low birefringence images, associated with fewer microstructural variations, correlated to the presence of scar tissue or degenerated tissue; whereas the tissue-engineered tendon exhibited lower degree of birefringence.
Effects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: a systematic review (2016)

Dietary polyphenols constitute a large family of bioactive substances potential beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review summarizes the results of clinical studies on patients with MetS involving the chronic supplementation of a polyphenol-rich diet, foods, extracts or with single phenolics on the features of MetS (obesity, dyslipidemia, blood pressure and glycaemia) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). Polyphenols were shown to be efficient, especially at higher doses, and there were no specific foods or extracts able to alleviate all the features of MetS. Green tea, however, significantly reduced body mass index and waist circumference and improved lipid metabolism. Cocoa supplementation reduced blood pressure and blood glucose. Soy isoflavones, citrus products, hesperidin and quercetin improved lipid metabolism, whereas cinnamon reduced blood glucose. In numerous clinical studies, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects were not significant after polyphenol supplementation in patients with MetS. However, some trials pointed towards an improvement of endothelial function in patients supplemented with cocoa, anthocyanin-rich berries, hesperidin or resveratrol. Therefore, diets rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean diet, which promote the consumption of diverse polyphenol-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to improve the health of patients with MetS. © 2016 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity.
Visible laser-induced nucleation and growth of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten films from the hexacarbonyls: reactivity of carbon monoxide on film surfaces (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVisible laser-induced nucleation and growth of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten films from the hexacarbonyls: reactivity of carbon monoxide on film surfacesF. A. Houle and K. A. SingmasterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 25, 10425–10439Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/j100204a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts
Isolation and Some Properties of a β- <scp>d</scp> -Xylosidase from <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> ATCC 824 (1987)

A beta-d-xylosidase from C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purified by column chromatography on CM-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Phenyl Sepharose, and Sephadex G-200. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 224,000 as estimated by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme consisted of two subunits of 85,000 and one subunit of 63,000 daltons. It exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and 45 degrees C. the enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5.85. It hydrolyzed p-nitrophenylxyloside readily with a K(m) of 3.7 mM. The enzyme hydrolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides with chain lengths of 2 to 6 units by cleaving a single xylose from the chain end. It showed little or no activity against xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and other p-nitrophenylglycosides.
Miniature standoff Raman probe for neurosurgical applications (2016)

Removal of intrinsic brain tumors is a delicate process, where a high degree of specificity is required to remove all of the tumor tissue without damaging healthy brain. The accuracy of this process can be greatly enhanced by intraoperative guidance. Optical biopsies using Raman spectroscopy are a minimally invasive and lower-cost alternative to current guidance methods. A miniature Raman probe for performing optical biopsies of human brain tissue is presented. The probe allows sampling inside a conventional stereotactic brain biopsy system: a needle of length 200 mm and inner diameter of 1.8 mm. By employing a miniature stand-off Raman design, the probe removes the need for any additional components to be inserted into the brain. Additionally, the probe achieves a very low internal silica background while maintaining good collection of Raman signal. To illustrate this, the probe is compared with a Raman probe that uses a pair of optical fibers for collection. The miniature stand-off Raman probe is shown to collect a comparable number of Raman scattered photons, but the Raman signal to background ratio is improved by a factor of five at Raman shifts below ∼500 cm(−1). The probe’s suitability for use on tissue is demonstrated by discriminating between different types of healthy porcine brain tissue.
402. Peptides. Part XIV. Thiazoleamino-acids, degradation products of thiostrepton (1963)

D. F. W. Cross, G. W. Kenner, R. C. Sheppard and C. E. Stehr, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2143 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630002143
Polymers with Anthrazoline Units in the Main Chain (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymers with Anthrazoline Units in the Main ChainWilliam BrackeCite this: Macromolecules 1969, 2, 3, 286–289Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60009a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60009a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intuition-Enabled Machine Learning Beats the Competition When Joint Human-Robot Teams Perform Inorganic Chemical Experiments (2019)

Traditionally, chemists have relied on years of training and accumulated experience in order to discover new molecules. But the space of possible molecules is so vast that only a limited exploration with the traditional methods can be ever possible. This means that many opportunities for the discovery of interesting phenomena have been missed, and in addition, the inherent variability of these phenomena can make them difficult to control and understand. The current state-of-the-art is moving toward the development of automated and eventually fully autonomous systems coupled with in-line analytics and decision-making algorithms. Yet even these, despite the substantial progress achieved recently, still cannot easily tackle large combinatorial spaces, as they are limited by the lack of high-quality data. Herein, we explore the utility of active learning methods for exploring the chemical space by comparing the collaboration between human experimenters with an algorithm-based search against their performance individually to probe the self-assembly and crystallization of the polyoxometalate cluster Na<sub>6</sub>[Mo<sub>120</sub>Ce<sub>6</sub>O<sub>366</sub>H<sub>12</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>78</sub>]·200H<sub>2</sub>O (1). We show that the robot-human teams are able to increase the prediction accuracy to 75.6 ± 1.8%, from 71.8 ± 0.3% with the algorithm alone and 66.3 ± 1.8% from only the human experimenters demonstrating that human-robot teams can beat robots or humans working alone.
Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Yttrium-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films Synthesized by Spin Coating of Polymeric Precursors (2002)

This article reports results of experimental studies on the microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline yttrium-stabilized zirconia thin films synthesized on a Si substrate via a polymeric precursor spin-coating approach. Grain growth behavior has been investigated at different annealing temperatures (700-1200 degrees C) for periods of up to 240 h. A similar film thickness (approximately 120 nm) was maintained for all of the samples used in this study, to avoid variation in film thickness-dependent grain growth. The effects of the thermal history of the film and the annealing atmosphere on the grain growth were also studied. A simple semiempirical grain growth model has been developed to describe isothermal annealing data and to predict dynamic grain growth behavior during the sintering of polymeric precursor layers to form cubic-phase nanocrystalline yttrium-stabilized zirconia films.
Substituted acetylenes. LXXXVI. Synthesis and reactions of some polysubstituted 2-imidazolidinones (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted acetylenes. LXXXVI. Synthesis and reactions of some polysubstituted 2-imidazolidinonesGeorge F. Hennion and Joseph E. ReardonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 9, 2819–2822Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01284a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01284a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory testing for recent alcohol consumption: comparison of ethanol, methanol, and 5-hydroxytryptophol (1996)

The ratio of 5-hydroxytryptophol to 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HTOL/5HIAA) in urine was compared with concentrations of ethanol and methanol as a way to monitor recent alcohol consumption. During detoxification of alcohol-dependent subjects, ethanol persisted longer in urine than in breath or plasma. Blood and urinary methanol remained increased for 2-6 h after blood ethanol had returned to background concentrations, whereas 5HTOL/5HIAA remained increased for 6-15 h. In healthy volunteers who had ingested alcohol (range 3-98 g) the previous afternoon or evening, 87% (for men) and 59% (for women) of all drinking occasions exceeding 7 g of alcohol were identified by an increased 5HTOL/5HIAA in the first morning urine void. This compared with 32% and 12%, respectively, identified by analysis of ethanol (>200 micromol/L). No gender difference in the excretion pattern of 5HTOL/5HIAA was seen. The results demonstrate that 5HTOL/5HIAA provides a specific and more sensitive method to detect recent alcohol consumption than does ethanol or methanol.
Band diagrams and performance of CdTe solar cells with a Sb2Te3 back contact buffer layer (2011)

Sb2Te3 thin films were prepared by vacuum co-evaporation and the crystallinity of the films was greatly improved after annealing at 573 K in N2 ambient. Then they were deposited on the CdTe thick films. Band diagrams of the as-deposited and annealed CdTe/Sb2Te3 interfaces were constructed. Consequently, Sb2Te3 was used as a back contact layer for CdTe thin film solar cells and the cell performance was investigated. It was found that the Sb impurities accumulated in the CdTe grain boundaries diffuse deeply in the CdTe layer, and more photogenerated electrons and holes are separated by the segregated SbCd+ donors into the GBs. What is more, the doping concentration in the vicinity of the CdTe/CdS heterojunction increases for the formation of substitutional SbTe- acceptors under the Cd-rich conditions. For the introduction of the p-type Sb2Te3 layers as the back contact to the CdTe thin film solar cells, the performance of CdTe thin film solar cells has been greatly improved and an efficiency of 13.1% (FF=62.3%, Jsc=25.8 mA/cm2, Voc= 815.8 mV) obtained.
Laminar Flow in Microchannels With Noncircular Cross Section (2010)

Analytical solutions are presented for laminar fully developed flow in micro-/minichannels of hyperelliptical and regular polygonal cross sections in the form of compact relationships. The considered geometries cover a wide range of common simply connected shapes including circle, ellipse, rectangle, rectangle-with-round-corners, rhombus, star-shape, equilateral triangle, square, pentagon, and hexagon. A point matching technique is used to calculate closed form solutions for the velocity distributions in the above-mentioned channel cross sections. The developed relationships for the velocity distribution and pressure drop are successfully compared with existing analytical solutions and experimental data collected from various sources for a variety of geometries, including polygonal, rectangular, circular, elliptical, and rhombic cross sections. The present compact solutions provide a convenient and power tool for performing hydrodynamic analyses in a variety of fundamental and engineering applications such as in microfluidics, transport phenomena, and porous media.
Measurement of Linear Dependence and Feedback between Multiple Time Series (1982)

Abstract Measures of linear dependence and feedback for multiple time series are defined. The measure of linear dependence is the sum of the measure of linear feedback from the first series to the second, linear feedback from the second to the first, and instantaneous linear feedback. The measures are nonnegative, and zero only when feedback (causality) of the relevant type is absent. The measures of linear feedback from one series to another can be additively decomposed by frequency. A readily usable theory of inference for all of these measures and their decompositions is described; the computations involved are modest. Key Words: Multiple time scriesFeedbackDependenceCausality
A new idea for visualization of lesions distribution in mammogram based on CPD registration method (2017)

The new idea is effective and the automatic tool can provide lesions distribution results which are consistent with radiologists simply and conveniently.
Proposed pathway of triterpenoid carotenoid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus: evidence from a study of mutants (1981)

Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated which showed changes in pigment composition compared with the parent strain. On the basis of differences in their triterpenoid carotenoid composition they were classified into seven types. In five of these types, there appeared to be a blockage in the biosynthetic pathway which resulted in the absence of some products and accumulation of others. The changes in the other two types appeared to be a consequence of some change in regulation. A scheme for the biosynthesis of triterpenoid carotenoids is presented in which the first C30 intermediate, 4,4'-diapophytoene, is converted via 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene, 4,4'-diaponeurosporene, 4,4'-diaponeurosporenal, 4,4'-diaponeurosporenoic acid, and glucosyl-diaponeurosporenoate to the major pigment staphyloxanthin.
Preparation and Properties of Aminomethylenesulfonic Acids (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Aminomethylenesulfonic AcidsRoger G. Lacoste and Arthur E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 21, 5512–5515Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01626a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01626a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts