gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expeditious Syntheses of Two Arylglycine Derivatives Corresponding to the Central Amino Acid of the Vancomycin Family of Antibiotics (1997)

Two expeditious and efficient syntheses (in 7 and 4 steps, respectively) are described for the central amino acid part of the vancomycin family. The first method constitutes a concise asymmetric synthesis, starting from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, of (R)-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)glycine derivatives using Evans’ asymmetric azidation methodology. In the second approach, an efficient synthesis of a protected 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenylglycine derivative is described, starting from commercially available (R)-4-hydroxyphenylglycine. These two syntheses are much shorter and operationally simpler than those previously described, and are currently employed in an effort towards the construction of the bicyclic system of vancomycin and ristocetin.
Direct storage hybrid (DSH) inverter: A new concept of intelligent hybrid inverter (2017)

This paper proposes a new configuration of a single-phase hybrid inverter with an integrated battery energy storage, which is suitable for residential households to maximize local consumption of solar energy and thus reduce dependency on grid support. The hybrid inverter is called Direct Storage Hybrid (DSH) Inverter. A transformer-less topology such as HERIC, operating at low frequency to generate a three-level rectangular output voltage, is adopted to connect a photovoltaic (PV) panel to the load and/or the grid. A series active filter is employed to compensate the high harmonic components from the rectangular voltage and provide a sinusoidal voltage. A bidirectional dc/dc converter connects the battery to the PV panel to control the battery state of charge (SoC) and optimize the PV panel operation during both off-grid and grid-connected modes. The DSH inverter can let the battery bypass the dc/dc converter and connect directly to the inverter stage, leading to a significant improvement in throughput efficiency in battery utilization. This paper discusses the operation and loss analysis of the DSH inverter in off-grid mode.
DfT Sigma-Delta Modulator Architecture Implementation (2003)

Sigma-delta modulators are commonly used in high- resolution ADCs. Testing them requires a high-resolution test stimulus, which is difficult to generate. We have proposed design-for-test (DfT) modulator whose performance can be determined using digital test stimulus (7). Two schematics are discussed in this paper for implementing the DfT sigma-delta modulator architecture. DfT Sigma-Delta Modulator Architecture Implementation.
Single foreplane high power rectenna (1992)

A dual polarisation rectenna capable of high power handling is described. It consists of contiguous dipoles and rectification units on a single substrate. High efficiencies comparable to previous linear and multiplane dual polarisation devices have been achieved.
Lysozymes: A Chapter of Molecular Biology (1969)

Abstract Hen egg‐white lysozyme was the first enzyme whose tertiary structure could be elucidated. The peptide chain of this enzyme is arranged in two sections, of approximately equal size, that are separated by a deep cleft. Substrates (and inhibitors) are bound in this cleft via hydrogen bonds and are hydrolyzed under the action of Glu 35 and Asp 52, which form the active site of the enzyme. Although the lysozymes, which occur in many species of animals and plants, exhibit differences in their chemical behavior, they have the same qualitative biological activity; quantitatively important differences have been noted which also concern the specificity. Infection of E. coli with bacteriophages gives rise to a lysozyme whose formation is controlled by the phage DNA. The fact that mutated lysozymes are produced when the phages are treated with mutagens opens new fields of research in molecular biology.
Latent Demand for the Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (2006)

Although the percentage of patients in an otology practice who could benefit from the BAHA is small, finding and alerting potential BAHA candidates are worthwhile.
Genetic regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). I. H-2 restriction of the murine humoral immune response to the <i>a</i> and <i>d</i> determinants of HBsAg. (1982)

In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection correlation of disease activity with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens has been suggested. However, no data are available regarding the nature and regulation of the immune response to the surface viral protein (HBsAg). This consideration and the current emphasis on production of an HBV vaccine led us to investigate the humoral immune response to HBsAg in inbred strains of mice to assess genetic factors that may regulate the humoral anti-HBs response. Studies with H-2 congenic and noncongenic inbred strains revealed the T-dependent humoral immune responses to the group-specific a and subtype-specific d determinants of HBsAg are regulated by gene(s) mapping to the murine MHC. The H-2q haplotype conferred high responsiveness, the H-2s,f haplotypes conferred low to nonresponsiveness, and the H-2a,b,d,k haplotypes were intermediate. Studies of H-2 recombinant strains allowed tentative mapping of regulation of the anti-a response and possibly the anti-d response to the K/I-A, I-B region of the MHC. The H-2-restricted regulation of the humoral immune response to HBsAg was circumvented by immunization with 10-fold higher HBsAg doses. These findings demonstrate a clear linkage between the murine MHC and the regulation of the immune response to specific determinants on HBsAg.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Activated Alcohols to Azides Using Diphenyl Phosphorazidate. A Practical Alternative to Mitsunobu Conditions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface Modification of Ag Coated Cu Conductive Metal Powder for Conductive Silicone Sealant Gasket Paste (2007)

Conductive pastes have drawn significant interest due to their advantageous physical properties as well as their potential in electronic material industries. Conductive pastes consist of conductive fillers, organic binders, solvents and additives. Metal powders, such as Au, Ag, Ni, Cu, etc. are used for conductive filler. Filler dispersion is a very important and yet a difficult process in conductive paste manufacturing. Meanwhile, there are some metal powders such as copper, nickel etc that are used for pastes which have serious surface corrosion problems. This problem leads to change of the color and decrease in conductivity and affect storage stability of conductive pastes. To overcome these problems, we adopted two kinds of surface modification method. One is a method involving coating of silane coupling agent to conductive metal powders to overcome the corrosion stability and the other is a method involving addition of a dispersing agent to increase the degree of dispersion of metal powders. A coupling agent and dispersing agent are used to reduce the interfacial energy between filler and organic binder to enhance dispersion and its stability. By using silane coupling agent and dispersion agent, we can ensure both the corrosion stability and long term storage stability, and enhance the high performance electrical and mechanical properties of EMI shielding silicone sealant.
Practical interference noise elimination in modern marine data processing (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Practical interference noise elimination in modern marine data processingAuthors: Grog FookesCarl WarnerRoald Van BorselenGrog FookesPGS, Walton‐on‐Thames, Great Britain, Carl WarnerPGS, Walton‐on‐Thames, Great Britain, and Roald Van BorselenPGS, Walton‐on‐Thames, Great Britainhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817692 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817692FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySurface Diffraction Noise Attenuation for Marine Seismic Data Processing With Mathematical Morphological FilteringIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 59, No. 9Seismic Interference Noise Attenuation by Convolutional Neural Network Based on Training Data GenerationIEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 18, No. 4Automatic Source Localization and Attenuation of Seismic Interference Noise Using Density-Based Clustering MethodIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 57, No. 7Attenuation of diffraction noise in marine surveys with mathematical morphologyYanxin Zhou, Runqiu Wang, Weilin Huang, Yimin Yuan, Xiaoqing Chen, Lin Wang, and Runfei Yang1 September 2016Seismic Processing: Noise Attenuation Complete Session1 September 2016Automatic source localization of diffracted seismic noise in shallow waterWenkai Lu, Zhang Yingqiang, and Zhen Boran10 February 2014 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 79, No. 2Diffracted noise attenuation in shallow water 3D marine surveysNecati Gulunay, Mag Magesan, and Jeff Connor7 December 2005Seismic interference noise attenuationNecati Gulunay, Mag Magesan, and Simon Baldock3 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Grog Fookes, Carl Warner, and Roald Van Borselen, (2003), "Practical interference noise elimination in modern marine data processing," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1905-1908. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817692 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Glioma-initiating Cells Retain Their Tumorigenicity through Integration of the Sox Axis and Oct4 Protein (2011)

Although the concept of cancer stem cells or cancer-initiating cells had created a new paradigm for the treatment of malignant tumors, it remains unclear how cancer-initiating cells can be eradicated. We have previously reported that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Sox4-Sox2 pathway is essential for glioma-initiating cells to retain their stemness, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling may lead to differentiation of glioma-initiating cells (Ikushima, H., Todo, T., Ino, Y., Takahashi, M., Miyazawa, K., and Miyazono, K. (2009) Cell Stem Cell 5, 504-514). Here we demonstrate that Oct4 plays essential roles in retention of the stemness properties of glioma-initiating cells through positive regulation of Sox2 expression. We also show that, in glioma-initiating cells, Oct4 is associated with Sox4 and that Oct4-Sox4 complexes cooperatively activate the enhancer activity of the SOX2 gene. In contrast, in fetal neural progenitor cells, Sox2 expression is enhanced by transcriptional complex containing Sox2 protein itself, and this self-reinforcing loop of Sox2 appears to be disrupted in glioma-initiating cells, suggesting that Sox2 expression in glioma-initiating cells is differently regulated from that in neural progenitor cells. Our findings reveal differences between glioma-initiating cells and fetal neural progenitor cells and may open the way to depriving glioma-initiating cells of tumorigenic activity without affecting normal tissues.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Deficiency Impairs Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice (2004)

Deficiency of MIF reduces atherogenesis in LDLr-/- mice. These results provide novel insight into inflammatory pathways operating in atheromata and identify a new potential target for modulating atherogenesis.
Augmented reality in retailing: a review of features, applications and value (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review augmented reality (AR) within retailing by identifying, outlining and discussing definitions of AR, applications of AR that are relevant for retailers, and the value AR provides for retailers and consumers. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of AR research within the business-oriented literature and an overview of current AR applications within retailing. Findings Based on previous literature, the paper presents a synthesised definition of AR, its main elements and how it differs from virtual reality. Furthermore, it reviews and provides examples of three major types of AR applications in retailing: online web based, in-store and mobile app based. Finally, the paper identifies the specific value that AR applications may provide for consumers and retailers. Originality/value The paper contributes an overview of a relatively recent but rapidly emerging theme that has not yet been sufficiently reviewed. It outlines areas for further research and thus provides value for both researchers and retail practitioners.
A modified imaging principle for true-amplitude wave-equation migration (2007)

A modified imaging principle is proposed in order to retrieve the 'true amplitude' map of the relative slowness perturbations from multishot surface seismic data. The purpose is to obtain a method applicable with a finite-difference solution of the wave equation and equivalent to the ray-based migration/inversion approach. The proposed modification consists of multiplying the integrand of the classic Claerbout imaging principle by an angle-dependent factor in order to remove the angle dependency and obtain an estimate of the slowness perturbations. It is demonstrated that in high-frequency asymptotics the proposed modified imaging principle is similar to the ray-based inversion. A numerical example based on a 2-D synthetic marine-type seismic data set and a finite-difference wavefield extrapolation shows the relevance of this modification.
Different effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on lysosomal function in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells (2002)

Although relatively rare, retinopathy based on a disturbed metabolism of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with ensuing degeneration of photoreceptors, is a known complication of treatment with the 4-aminoquinolones, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), in autoimmune diseases. The reported frequency of retinopathy, however, is much lower for HCQ than for CQ (less than 0.08% versus 1-2%). To test whether the difference in toxicity between the two lysosomotropic drugs is related to different lysosomal influence, we exposed confluent RPE cell cultures to CQ or HCQ for 2 weeks. To induce lipofuscin (LF) formation, known to be accelerated by increased lysosomal pH and intra-lysosomal oxidation during degradation of auto-/heterophagocytosed material, such treatment was combined with feeding of cells with photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and hyperoxia (40% ambient oxygen). HCQ was found to be a less potent enhancer of lipofuscinogenesis compared to CQ, apparently due to its less effective inhibition of lysosomal degradative capacity (evaluated by vital staining of lysosomes with Lyso Tracker Red, and periodic acid-Schiff reaction). This conclusion is supported by the fact that NH4Cl, a non-fluorescent substance which acts similarly to 4-aminoquinolones, induced an increase in LF fluorescence paralleled by increased periodic acid-Schiff reactivity of RPE cells.
A CityGML extension for traffic-sign objects that guides the automatic processing of data collected using Mobile Mapping technology (2014)

Abstract. The rapid evolution of integral schemes, accounting for geometric and semantic data, has been importantly motivated by the advances in the last decade in mobile laser scanning technology; automation in data processing has also recently influenced the expansion of the new model concepts. This paper reviews some important issues involved in the new paradigms of city 3D modelling: an interoperable schema for city 3D modelling (cityGML) and mobile mapping technology to provide the features that composing the city model. This paper focuses in traffic signs, discussing their characterization using cityGML in order to ease the implementation of LiDAR technology in road management software, as well as analysing some limitations of the current technology in the labour of automatic detection and classification.
Lung Transplantation at the University of Lund 1990-1995: Analysis of the First 39 Consecutive Patients (1998)

Between 1990 and 1995 39 patients were lung transplanted at the University Hospital in Lund. This is a retrospective review of survival and lung function in these patients. There were 17 single-lung transplants (SLT), 21 double-lung transplants (DLT) and 1 heart-lung transplant (HLT). Seven patients died during the period, giving an overall survival of 82%. One-year survival according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was 87%, and 2-year survival was 83%. Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 1 year after transplantation were 91% and 100% of predicted, respectively, in the DLT group and 60% and 50% in the SLT group. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) developed in 11 of the 35 patients (31%) surviving more than 6 months, 2/21 in the DLT group and 8/13 in the SLT group and in the patient with HLT. The median time until detection of BOS was 11 months after the operation (range 6-18 months). Working capacity 1 year after transplantation was 60% of predicted in the DLT group and 47% of predicted in the SLT group. Ventilatory capacity was no longer function limiting. Lung transplantation today is a therapeutic option with a good medium-term survival and good functional results in selected patients with severe lung disease.
Design and fabrication of an ac-electro-osmosis micropump with 3D high-aspect-ratio electrodes using only SU-8 (2011)

Lab-on-a-chip devices require integrated pumping and fluid control in microchannels. A recently developed mechanism that can produce fluid flow is an integrated ac-electro-osmosis micropump. However, like most electrokinetic pumps, ac-electro-osmotic pumps are incapable of handling backpressure as the pumping force mechanism acts on the surface of the fluid rather than the bulk. This paper presents a novel 3D electrode structure designed to overcome this limitation. The electrodes are fabricated using carbon-MEMS technology based on the pyrolysis of the photo-patternable polymer SU-8. The novel ac-electro-osmosis micropump shows an increase in the flow velocity compared to planar electrodes.
The functional environment of chondrocytes within cartilage subjected to compressive loading: A theoretical and experimental approach (2002)

A non-invasive methodology (based on video microscopy, optimized digital image correlation and thin plate spline smoothing technique) has been developed to determine the intrinsic tissue stiffness (H(a)) and the intrinsic fixed charge density (c(0)(F)) distribution for hydrated soft tissues such as articular cartilage. Using this technique, the depth-dependent inhomogeneous parameters H(a)(z) and c(0)(F)(z) were determined for young bovine cartilage and incorporated into a triphasic mixture model. This model was then used to predict the mechanical and electrochemical events (stress, strain, fluid/osmotic pressure, and electrical potentials) inside the tissue specimen under a confined compression stress relaxation test. The integration of experimental measurements with theoretical analyses can help to understand the unique material behaviors of articular cartilage. Coupled with biological assays of cell-scale biosynthesis, there is also a great potential in the future to study chondrocyte mechanotransduction in situ with a new level of specificity.
PATTERN RECOGNITION INTEGRATED SENSING METHODOLOGIES (PRISMS) IN PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS VALIDATION, REMOTE SENSING AND ASTROBIOLOGY (2009)

Modern analytical instrumentation is capable of creating enormous and complex volumes of data. Analysis of large data volumes are complicated by lengthy analysis time and high computational demand. Incorporating real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient are desirable for modern analytical methods to be fully utilized. The use of modern instrumentation in on-line pharmaceutical process validation, remote sensing, and astrobiology applications requires real-time analysis methods that are computationally efficient. Integrated sensing and processing (ISP) is a method for minimizing the data burden and sensing time of a system. ISP is accomplished through implementation of chemometric calculations in the physics of the spectroscopic sensor itself. In ISP, the measurements collected at the detector are weighted to directly correlate to the sample properties of interest. This method is especially useful for large and complex data sets. In this research, ISP is applied to acoustic resonance spectroscopy, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and a novel solid state spectral imager. In each application ISP produced a clear advantage over the traditional sensing method. The limitations of ISP must be addressed before it can become widely used. ISP is essentially a pattern recognition algorithm. Problems arise in pattern recognition when the pattern-recognition algorithm encounters a sample unlike any in the original calibration set. This is termed the false sample problem. To address the false sample problem the Bootstrap Error-Adjusted Single-Sample Technique (BEST, a nonparametric classification technique) was investigated. The BEST-ISP method utilizes a hashtable of normalized BEST points along an asymmetric probability density contour to estimate the BEST multidimensional standard deviation of a sample. The on-line application of the BEST method requires significantly less computation than the full algorithm allowing it to be utilized in real time as sample data is obtained. This research tests the hypothesis that a BEST-ISP metric can be used to detect false samples with sensitivity > 90% and specificity > 90% on categorical data.
Power scalable TEM/sub 00/ CW Nd:YAG laser with thermal lens compensation (2000)

We present finite-element analysis and experimental results to validate our approach for building high-power single-mode Nd:YAG lasers. We show that the thermooptical and thermomechanical properties of a slab laser can be controlled. This is essential for the use of the proposed unstable resonator, We include demonstration of an efficient subscale laser operating at 20 W TEM/sub 00/.
A standard file format for data from DNA sequencing instruments (1992)

There are now a number of machines for determining DNA sequences. These devices are currently of two types: those such as the Applied Biosystems 373A and the Pharmacia A.L.F. which interpret the sequences of samples as they run on gels within the machine, and those, such as the Bio-Rad and Amersham readers that scan and analyse conventional autoradiographs. Both types of machine can produce their data in the form of traces which represent the band intensity of each of the four base types at each position in the sequence. At present all the machines write files in different formats. We describe a machine independent format for storing data derived from automatic sequencing machines. Files in this format can store the derived sequence, the traces and a set of confidence measures for each base. We have adopted the format as the standard for our sequence handling software.