gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An object-based approach to the specification of applications for office support systems (1992)

The design of a specification methodology for office systems is described. In particular, the authors discuss the desired properties of a computational model upon which a specification methodology for office systems should be based. An overview of ABSL, a specification language that they developed, is presented. The central concept in ABSL is an object which is the principal mechanism for representing the data and computations. The design of ABSL is based on the formal theory of the actor model. The actor model is chosen because not only it captures the abstract power of object-orientation paradigm, but provides as well a mathematically precise abstract machine for analysis of asynchronous and concurrent computations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>CARD15</i> polymorphisms are associated with anti-<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> antibodies in caucasian Crohn's disease patients (2005)

Carriage of CARD15 gene polymorphisms and the serological marker anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are two markers for Crohn's disease (CD). Similar phenotypes have been associated with both markers. In the present study we analysed whether both markers were associated with each other and, if so, whether this association could be explained by a direct link or by an indirect association with those phenotypes. Therefore, we included 156 consecutive Caucasian CD patients and assessed the prevalence of the three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CARD15 gene. Serum samples were analysed for IgA and IgG ASCA by ELISA. CD patients with CARD15 polymorphisms were more frequently ASCA positive (OR 2.7 (1.4-5.2); P = 0.002) and had higher titres for ASCA IgA (P = 0.005) and ASCA IgG (P < 0.001) compared to patients carrying the wild type polymorphisms. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that this association was independent from ileal disease, penetrating disease and stricturing disease, the need for resective bowel surgery, familial cases, smoking habits and early age at onset. Homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for CARD15 polymorphisms had significantly more frequent ASCA positivity compared to single heterozygotes (OR 9.1 (1.1-74.2), P(c) (corrected P-value) = 0.030). These data indicate that there is a significant association between the carriage of CARD15 polymorphisms and ASCA, independent of the described phenotypes. Moreover, ASCA positivity is more frequent in CD patients carrying 2 CARD15 polymorphisms compared to single heterozygotes.
A molecular mechanism for osmolyte-induced protein stability (2006)

Osmolytes are small organic compounds that affect protein stability and are ubiquitous in living systems. In the equilibrium protein folding reaction, unfolded (U) native (N), protecting osmolytes push the equilibrium toward N, whereas denaturing osmolytes push the equilibrium toward U. As yet, there is no universal molecular theory that can explain the mechanism by which osmolytes interact with the protein to affect protein stability. Here, we lay the groundwork for such a theory, starting with a key observation: the transfer free energy of protein backbone from water to a water/osmolyte solution, Deltagtr, is negatively correlated with an osmolyte's fractional polar surface area. Deltagtr measures the degree to which an osmolyte stabilizes a protein. Consequently, a straightforward interpretation of this correlation implies that the interaction between the protein backbone and osmolyte polar groups is more favorable than the corresponding interaction with nonpolar groups. Such an interpretation immediately suggests the existence of a universal mechanism involving osmolyte, backbone, and water. We test this idea by using it to construct a quantitative solvation model in which backbone/solvent interaction energy is a function of interactant polarity, and the number of energetically equivalent ways of realizing a given interaction is a function of interactant surface area. Using this model, calculated Deltagtr values show a strong correlation with measured values (R = 0.99). In addition, the model correctly predicts that protecting/denaturing osmolytes will be preferentially excluded/accumulated around the protein backbone. Taken together, these model-based results rationalize the dominant interactions observed in experimental studies of osmolyte-induced protein stabilization and denaturation.
Rho-domain based Rate Control Scheme for Spatial, Temporal and Quality Scalable Video Coding (2009)

International audience
Effects of shorted collector on characteristics of IGBTs (2005)

Vertical insulated gate bipolar tran- sistors with various shorted collector patterns (CS- IGBT) were studied with regard to steady state and transient electrical characteristics at 25OC and 125OC, compared with a conventional IGBT. A two dimensional effect of the shorted collec- tor on the on-state voltage is found to have an ef- fect on an onset voltage of the hole injection from the collector. Furtheremore, the CS-IGBT reveals a positive temperature dependece of the on-state voltage and much less temperature dependence of the turn-off transient in contrast with the conven- tional IGBT.
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Can RICO Protect Human Rights? A Computer Analysis of a Semi-Determinate Legal Question (2004)

The ability of computers to perform complex tasks no longer remains a subject of serious debate. Thus, the question whether computers can model or simulate legal decision-making should be increasingly replaced by the questions: 1) how should computers assist in modelling legal decision-making and 2) what types of legal decisions are scientifically most interesting and useful to model. This article contends that semi-determinate “partially solved” legal problems represent the most interesting questions susceptible to computer analysis. A computer program accompanying this article demonstrates this proposition, by modeling an as yet undetermined question: whether the civil provisions of the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) have extraterritorial affect. As evidence of the general acceptance of computer decisionmaking ability, consider the development of tests for machine intelligence. This history demonstrates the capacity and limits of machine intelligence and which types of legal problems computer programs analyze most efficiently. Discussion of several of the more significant tests follows. One of the first tests for artificial intelligence (A.I.), proposed by computer pioneer Alan Turing, stated that machine intelligence
Directional Field Computation for Fingerprints Based on the Principal Component Analysis of Local Gradients (2000)

This paper discusses a new method, based on the principal component analysis, to estimate the directional field of fingerprints. The method not only computes the direction in any pixel location, but its coherence as well. It will be proven that this method provides exactly the same results as the method that is known from literature. Undoubtedly, the existence of a completely different solution method increases the insight into the problem’s nature. Segmentation of fingerprints is discussed to illustrate the application of the coherence of the directional field.
Crystal Structure of Human ZAG, a Fat-Depleting Factor Related to MHC Molecules (1999)

Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a soluble protein that is present in serum and other body fluids. ZAG stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. The 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of ZAG resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heavy chain, but ZAG does not bind the class I light chain beta2-microglobulin. The ZAG structure includes a large groove analogous to class I MHC peptide binding grooves. Instead of a peptide, the ZAG groove contains a nonpeptidic compound that may be implicated in lipid catabolism under normal or pathological conditions.
Compressive Sensing Based Indoor Occupancy Positioning Using a Single Thermopile Point Detector With a Coded Binary Mask (2019)

Compressive sensing based indoor human detection has raised accumulative attention because it could recover sparse signals from fewer samples than that needed by the Nyquist sampling theorem. However, their application is limited due to high computation cost and large deployment effort. To address this, this article proposes the use of a rotating binary mask and a single thermopile point detector to enable compressive sensing for indoor human positioning. Traditionally, a thermopile point detector could only convert the received infrared radiation into electrical signals. By using a periodically rotated coded binary mask, the infrared radiation received by the detector will be sampled compressively, and a compressed signal sequence will be obtained after a few measurements. The mask consists of eight submasks, and seven of them are designed following the pattern of a randomly generated binary matrix. A recovery algorithm is implemented to recover the original spatial distribution of the infrared radiation within the field of view. Experimental results demonstrate the zone-level positioning with high accuracy. The proposed sensor is compact, mobile, cheap, and easy to deploy and, therefore, has great potential for occupancy state monitoring, such as occupant centered thermal comfort control.
Lithium niobate integrated optic devices for photonic switching (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. KONDO, "Lithium niobate integrated optic devices for photonic switching," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper THB1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Precipitons—Functional Protecting Groups to Facilitate Product Separation: Applications in Isoxazoline Synthesis (2001)

Imagine—after a homogeneous reaction is complete, the chemist adds a catalyst or exposes the reaction mixture to soft UV light and pure product precipitates from the reaction mixture. This can be achieved with “precipitons”—protecting groups that have controllable solubility states. The first advances toward that goal are described (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Artifical skin. II. Pluronic F‐127 silver nitrate or silver lactate gel in the treatment of thermal burns (1972)

Abstract Pluronic F‐127 was found to be an effective base for the bactriocidal agent silver nitrate or silver lactate following 18–22% surface area full thickness thermal burns. Some protection was afforded by Pluronic F‐127 alone, attesting to its biological activity as an artificial skin. The bacteriocidal agents, however, further enhanced the effectiveness of the dressing as an artificial skin. No inhibition of skin growth and repair was noted and the dressing was equally effective against Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis . Indication that natural defense mechanisms in addition to surface infection needs attention was also noted. Conclusion was reached that Pluronic F‐127 is an ideal base for bacteriocidal agents in the treatment of full thickness thermal wounds. In addition, the Pluronic F‐127 dressing with silver nitrate or silver lactate showed promise as an effective biological artificial skin against electrolyte imbalance, heat loss, and bacterial invasion.
Formation Damage Assessment and Remedial Economics from Integration of NMR and Resistivity Log data (2003)

Abstract The main objective of this study is to devise a methodology, utilizing a wealth of information gained from NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and resistivity logs, and to assess and to quantify formation damage due to filtrate invasion in the flushed zone. Quantification of the damage, in terms of damage-ratio within vertical resolution of the logging tools, provides the input for the calculation of economic implications of the problem. This, in turn, helps us decide either the need or the scope of the remedial action. The quantification of the damage relies on the determination of the amount of shift in the relative permeability curves for the flushed zone against the undamaged zone. Depth of investigation for the NMR logs is limited to the flushed zone while the resistivity logs provide a deeper insight into the formation. The DWT (Dual Wait Time) mode of an NMR logging pass yields the movable and immovable parts of the porosity in addition to the type of the fluids contained within. Derivation of an absolute permeability profile from the Bound Water Model in conjunction with synthetic capillary pressure-based RBVI (bulk volume irreducible as capillary pressure approaches to infinity) or Purcell's technique along with water saturation profile from DWT NMR data yield the foundation for computing the relative permeability characteristics of the formation by using empirical equations. A water saturation profile for the uninvaded zone is computed from resistivity logs using the proper petrophysical model while corresponding relative permeability characteristics are obtained via the same set of equations. The superimposed relative permeability curves from NMR and resistivity-based data indicate the presence and/or amount of the shift of the curves between the flushed-zone versus the uninvaded zone. The amount of increase in effective permeability to water and drop in effective permeability to hydrocarbons are computed from the superimposed relative permeability curves. The radius of the damaged zone is determined from the 2D inversion of resistivity data and inserted into the DR (damage-ratio) equation together with the effective permeability of the undamaged and damaged zones. Skin factors can also be computed as a function of the available data. The annual revenue loss per well, formation damage dollars lost (FD$L)3, due to filtrate invasion-based damage can then be assessed by multiplying the damage-ratio with the current price of the hydrocarbon and the rate of production. To further evaluate the economics, the damage-ratio and FD$L can be plotted for various damaged radii to determine the threshold radius for economically justifying the cost of remedial action.
SV40 virus-like particles as an effective delivery system and its application to a vaccine carrier (2013)

The authors have purified a major capsid protein, VP1 of Simian virus 40 (SV40), using recombinant baculovirus and have established the method of in vitro reassembly of SV40 virus-like particles (SV40-VLPs) from VP1-pentamers. In this reassembly, SV40-VLPs can encapsulate approximately 5 kb exogenous DNA shielded by histone or foreign proteins fused to minor capsid proteins VP2/3 and effectively deliver them into mammalian cells. Insertion of a particular foreign peptide into the surface loops of VP1 provides SV40-VLPs with the ability of cell targeting. Furthermore, SV40-VLPs appear to stimulate innate immunity as a natural adjuvant. Given these characteristics, SV40-VLPs may be a promising vaccine carrier to deliver heterologous antigens for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes without artificial adjuvants. In this review, the authors describe how SV40-VLPs have been developed and engineered, and discuss their potential benefits and challenges as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based vaccine platform.
Overexpression of the integrin-linked kinase mesenchymally transforms mammary epithelial cells (2001)

Signals generated by the interaction of beta1 integrins with laminin in the basement membrane contribute to mammary epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation. The integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is one of the signaling moieties that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin subunits with some specificity. Forced expression of a dominant negative, kinase-dead form of ILK subtly altered mouse mammary epithelial cell morphogenesis but it did not prevent differentiative milk protein expression. In contrast, forced overexpression of wild-type ILK strongly inhibited both morphogenesis and differentiation. Overexpression of wild-type ILK also caused the cells to lose the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, become invasive, reorganize cortical actin into cytoplasmic stress fibers, and switch from an epithelial cytokeratin to a mesenchymal vimentin intermediate filament phenotype. Forced expression of E-cadherin in the latter mesenchymal cells rescued epithelial cytokeratin expression and it partially restored the ability of the cells to differentiate and undergo morphogenesis. These data demonstrate that ILK, which responds to interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, induces a mesenchymal transformation in mammary epithelial cells, at least in part, by disrupting cell-cell junctions.
Interaction of Diazepam With Famotidine and Cimetidine, Two H<sub>2</sub>‐Receptor Antagonists (1986)

Famotidine is currently under investigation as an H2-receptor antagonist. Eleven healthy male volunteers received a single 10 mg intravenous dose of diazepam on three occasions: once during coadministration of famotidine 40 mg bid, once during coadministration of cimetidine 300 mg qid, and once without other drug treatment (control). Multiple blood samples were drawn during the seven days after each diazepam dose. Diazepam and desmethyldiazepam plasma concentrations were measured by electron capture gas chromatography. There were no significant differences among the three treatment conditions in diazepam central compartment volume or total volume of distribution. During the cimetidine as compared with the control treatment, diazepam elimination half-life was significantly increased (72 vs 55 hr, P less than .05), total area under the curve (AUC) increased (11.8 vs 9.8 hr-micrograms/mL, P less than .05), and total clearance reduced (0.20 vs 0.28 mL/min/kg, P less than .05). Seven-day AUC for desmethyldiazepam also increased (4.6 vs 3.8 hr-micrograms/mL, P less than .05). However, there were no significant differences between famotidine and control treatment conditions in diazepam elimination half-life (53 vs 55 hr), total AUC (9.5 vs 9.8 hr-micrograms/mL), or total clearance (0.28 vs 0.28 mL/min/kg) or in seven-day AUC for desmethyldiazepam (3.9 vs 3.8 hr-micrograms/mL). Thus, therapeutic doses of cimetidine significantly impair the clearance of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam. Therapeutic doses of famotidine do not impair diazepam and desmethyldiazepam kinetics, suggesting that there is no significant kinetic interaction when diazepam and famotidine are administered concurrently in clinical practice.
Identifying multiple causative genes at a single GWAS locus (2013)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are useful for nominating candidate genes, but typically are unable to establish disease causality or differentiate between the effects of variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD). Additionally, some GWAS loci might contain multiple causative variants or genes that contribute to the overall disease susceptibility at a single locus. However, the majority of current GWAS lack the statistical power to test whether multiple causative genes underlie the same locus, prompting us to adopt an alternative approach to testing multiple GWAS genes empirically. We used gene targeting in a disease-susceptible rat model of genetic hypertension to test all six genes at the Agtrap-Plod1 locus (Agtrap, Mthfr, Clcn6, Nppa, Nppb, and Plod1) for blood pressure (BP) and renal phenotypes. This revealed that the majority of genes at this locus (five out of six) can impact hypertension by modifying BP and renal phenotypes. Mutations of Nppa, Plod1, and Mthfr increased disease susceptibility, whereas Agtrap and Clcn6 mutations decreased hypertension risk. Reanalysis of the human AGTRAP-PLOD1 locus also implied that disease-associated haplotype blocks with polygenic effects were not only possible, but rather were highly plausible. Combined, these data demonstrate for the first time that multiple modifiers of hypertension can cosegregate at a single GWAS locus.
Therapeutic value of recombinant human growth hormone in children with chronic renal failure. (1992)

In chronic renal failure (CRF), serum growth hormone (GH) levels are elevated due to a reduced renal metabolic clearance. Although the concentration of circulating GH is increased in CRF, insensitivity to GH is noted. This is mainly due to a decreased production of hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and an accumulation of its binding protein (IGFBP-3), both resulting in a low concentration of free active IGF-I. Treatment with recombinant human (rh) GH in doses of about 30 IU/m2/week, increases the serum concentration of IGF-I, normalizes somatomedin (IGF) bioactivity and leads to catch-up growth. The anabolic effects of rhGH are seen from an increase in muscle mass and a reduction of fat mass. rhGH treatment is also able to compensate for the growth-depressing effects of corticosteroids in animal studies and in children after renal transplantation.
Characterization of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-specific DNA restriction endonucleases (2013)

In T4 bacteriophage, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is incorporated into DNA during replication. In response, bacteria may have developed modification-dependent type IV restriction enzymes to defend the cell from T4-like infection. PvuRts1I was the first identified restriction enzyme to exhibit specificity toward hmC over 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and cytosine. By using PvuRts1I as the original member, we identified and characterized a number of homologous proteins. Most enzymes exhibited similar cutting properties to PvuRts1I, creating a double-stranded cleavage on the 3' side of the modified cytosine. In addition, for efficient cutting, the enzymes require two cytosines 21-22-nt apart and on opposite strands where one cytosine must be modified. Interestingly, the specificity determination unveiled a new layer of complexity where the enzymes not only have specificity for 5-β-glucosylated hmC (5βghmC) but also 5-α-glucosylated hmC (5αghmC). In some cases, the enzymes are inhibited by 5βghmC, whereas in others they are inhibited by 5αghmC. These observations indicate that the position of the sugar ring relative to the base is a determining factor in the substrate specificity of the PvuRts1I homologues. Lastly, we envision that the unique properties of select PvuRts1I homologues will permit their use as an additive or alternative tool to map the hydroxymethylome.
Fadrozole hydrochloride: a potent, selective, nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase for the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease (1991)

A new class of potent, selective, nonsteroidal inhibitors of aromatase have been discovered. The most potent member of this series is fadrozole hydrochloride, CGS 16949 A, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-alpha]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile monohydrochloride, 26a. In addition, the 6,7-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole (21a) and the 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-alpha]azepine (21b) analogues were synthesized and evaluated. CGS 16949 A's ability to selectively inhibit aromatase (IC50 = 4.5 nM) over other cytochrome P-450 enzymes and suppress estrogen production when administered orally make it a suitable candidate to test the potential of an aromatase inhibitor in estrogen-dependent diseases including breast cancer.