gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Localization Discrepancies: A Visual Deficiency in Poor Readers (1990)

In two studies, we compared the size of the spatial discrepancies made by young, good and poor readers when locating patterns in space. In the first study, each child was asked to point to the location of a briefly displayed pattern in a 7 x 7 matrix, and the discrepancy between the target's location and the child's response was recorded. The pattern was either a shape or a letter, and the target appeared at nine distances from the middle of the display. The discrepancies made by both groups of children increased with eccentricity, but the rate of increase was significantly greater for the poor readers. The second study required that two temporally and spatially separated target patterns be located on each trial. The discrepancies between their positions and the positions specified by the children were recorded for each target as a function of its eccentricity, and the results for both targets were similar to those obtained in the first study. That is, the discrepancies made by both groups of children increased with eccentricity, but the rate of increase was significantly greater for the poor readers. It was argued that the results of both studies are consistent with the hypothesis that poor readers are handicapped by a low-level processing or perceptual deficiency in the visual encoding system.
Passenger Flow Prediction of Subway Transfer Stations Based on Nonparametric Regression Model (2014)

Passenger flow is increasing dramatically with accomplishment of subway network system in big cities of China. As convergence nodes of subway lines, transfer stations need to assume more passengers due to amount transfer demand among different lines. Then, transfer facilities have to face great pressure such as pedestrian congestion or other abnormal situations. In order to avoid pedestrian congestion or warn the management before it occurs, it is very necessary to predict the transfer passenger flow to forecast pedestrian congestions. Thus, based on nonparametric regression theory, a transfer passenger flow prediction model was proposed. In order to test and illustrate the prediction model, data of transfer passenger flow for one month in XIDAN transfer station were used to calibrate and validate the model. By comparing with Kalman filter model and support vector machine regression model, the results show that the nonparametric regression model has the advantages of high accuracy and strong transplant ability and could predict transfer passenger flow accurately for different intervals.
The transcription regulator AllR senses both allantoin and glyoxylate and controls a set of genes for degradation and reutilization of purines (2008)

Purines are degraded via uric acid to yield allantoin. Under anaerobic conditions, allantoin is further degraded via carbamoylphosphate to &SetFont Typeface="11"; to provide a nitrogen source and, under aerobic conditions, to 3-phosphoglycerate via glyoxylate for energy production. In this study, we found that a DNA-binding transcription factor AllR, together with AllS, plays a key role in switching control of two pathways, nitrogen assimilation and energy production. The repressor function of AllR is activated in the presence of allantoin, the common substrate for both pathways, leading to repression of the genes for energy production. On the other hand, when glyoxylate is accumulated, AllR is inactivated for derepression of the pathway for energy production. RutR, the master regulator for pyrimidines and arginine, is also involved in this pathway-switching control.
Covariance-based linear precoding (2005)

This paper extends the self-contained theory of linear precoding to the field of covariance based spatio-temporal downlink processing for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems and shows the applicability to the release 6 of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA). To this end, a unifying theory is developed to formulate the three known linear filters, namely, the transmit matched filter, the transmit zero-forcing filter, and the transmit Wiener filter, as optimization problems even in systems, where only covariance knowledge is available at the transmitter. Second, the solutions of these transmit filters are given for such systems with partial channel state information (CSI). Finally, it is shown how covariance-based linear precoding can be employed in the new generation CDMA system HSDPA, i.e., how channel estimation on the secondary common pilot channel allows for optimum full rank linear precoding employing only partial CSI.
Vibration Control by Multiple Tuned Liquid Dampers (MTLDs) (1993)

The multiple tuned liquid dampers (MTLDs), which consist of a number of TLDs whose first natural frequencies of sloshing are distributed over a certain range around the natural frequency of a structure, are studied. The simulations on the liquid motion in the MTLDs as well as the MTLDs‐structure interaction are carried out by using a shallow water‐wave theory. Then, two types of experiments, a forced‐excitation experiment and an MTLDs‐structure interaction experiment are conducted. The experiments and the simulation studies show that the MTLDs are efficient in the small amplitude range than the conventional TLDs, which have a single natural sloshing frequency, while the MTLDs efficiency is more or less the same level to that of the conventional TLDs in large amplitude range because of the damping nonlinearity of liquid motion. It is also shown that the control efficiency is not degraded, even though there is some offset in the tuning. This is the most significant point in actual engineering application. Finally, the application of the MTLDs to a high‐rise building is presented as an example.
Effects of jaw clenching wearing customized mouthguards on agility, power and vertical jump in male high-standard basketball players (2017)

This study demonstrated that the use of custom-made, bite-aligning mouthguard had an ergogenic effect on jump outcomes and inconclusive results in agility T-Test in professional basketball players. From the results obtained in the present study, the use of this type of mouthguards seems to be more justified in power actions on the court than in the strength and conditioning sessions at the gym in well-trained players.
Modeling Spectral Envelopes Using Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Deep Belief Networks for Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis (2013)

This paper presents a new spectral modeling method for statistical parametric speech synthesis. In the conventional methods, high-level spectral parameters, such as mel-cepstra or line spectral pairs, are adopted as the features for hidden Markov model (HMM)-based parametric speech synthesis. Our proposed method described in this paper improves the conventional method in two ways. First, distributions of low-level, un-transformed spectral envelopes (extracted by the STRAIGHT vocoder) are used as the parameters for synthesis. Second, instead of using single Gaussian distribution, we adopt the graphical models with multiple hidden variables, including restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and deep belief networks (DBN), to represent the distribution of the low-level spectral envelopes at each HMM state. At the synthesis time, the spectral envelopes are predicted from the RBM-HMMs or the DBN-HMMs of the input sentence following the maximum output probability parameter generation criterion with the constraints of the dynamic features. A Gaussian approximation is applied to the marginal distribution of the visible stochastic variables in the RBM or DBN at each HMM state in order to achieve a closed-form solution to the parameter generation problem. Our experimental results show that both RBM-HMM and DBN-HMM are able to generate spectral envelope parameter sequences better than the conventional Gaussian-HMM with superior generalization capabilities and that DBN-HMM and RBM-HMM perform similarly due possibly to the use of Gaussian approximation. As a result, our proposed method can significantly alleviate the over-smoothing effect and improve the naturalness of the conventional HMM-based speech synthesis system using mel-cepstra.
Analog design in deep sub-micron CMOS (2000)

Analog design in deep sub-micron technologies is a reality now and poses severe challenges to the circuit designer. Trends in technologies as well as circuit design are discussed. It is shown that the power required for a certain dynamic range and bandwidth decreases with minimum feature size as long as a constant ratio between signal swing and supply voltage can be maintained. Below 0.1µm channel-length, predictions of the threshold voltage endanger that requirement however. At circuit level, the problem that a low supply voltage poses on the use of switches and amplifiers is discussed. Various techniques are discussed to overcome these problems, like the use of low V th transistors, clock boosting, switched OpAmp technique, rail-to-rail input stages, back-gate driving circuits and CM level-shift techniques. Based on power estimates, the necessity of matching enhancing techniques like Auto-Zero techniques and Averaging is shown.
Prevalence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction in the fibrinolytic era. GISSI-2 results. (1993)

This study shows that approximately 36% of patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction presented with less than one premature ventricular beat per hour in Holter recordings obtained before discharge from the hospital, whereas almost 20% of patients showed frequent (more than 10 premature ventricular beats per hour) ventricular arrhythmias. Due to the large size of the population of this study, these figures may be used as a reliable estimate of the prevalence of arrhythmias in postinfarction patients treated with fibrinolytic agents during the acute phase. Frequent premature ventricular beats are confirmed as independent risk factors of total and sudden death in the first 6 months following the acute event; the significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in this population appears more controversial.
TDMA-based communication scheduling in system-on-chip video encoder (2003)

An analysis of TDMA-based communication scheduling in a system-on-chip (SoC) video encoder is presented. Heterogeneous IP (intellectual property) block interconnection (HIBI) forms the platform for the system, enabling the possibility of exploring timeslot-based arbitration in addition to more traditional priority-based arbitration. To illustrate the effects of heavy communication with real-time periodic data transfers, a video encoder is used as a case study. A simulation environment and a tool for monitoring the communication are described. Analysis of communication and scheduling optimization methods in HIBI are given. Analyses show that HIBI is capable of exploiting the predictable nature of continuous-media processing when the TDMA method is employed. However, dynamic refining of timeframe allocation is necessary to utilize maximally the advantages of TDMA scheduling.
O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Is Present on the Extracellular Domain of Notch Receptors (2008)

Rare types of glycosylation often occur in a domain-specific manner and are involved in specific biological processes. In particular, O-fucose glycans are reported to regulate the functions of EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. In the course of mass spectrometric analysis of O-glycans displayed on Drosophila Notch receptors expressed in S2 cells, we found an unusual O-linked N-acetylhexosamine (HexNAc) modification which occurs at a site distinct from those of O-fucose and O-glucose glycosylations. Modification site mapping by mass spectrometry and amino acid substitution studies revealed that O-HexNAc modification occurs on a serine or threonine located between the fifth and sixth cysteines within the EGF domain. This modification occurs simultaneously along with other closely positioned O-glycosylations. This modification was determined to be O-beta-GlcNAc by galactosyltransferase labeling and beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase digestion experiments and by immunoblotting with a specific antibody. O-GlcNAc modification occurs at multiple sites on Notch epidermal growth factor repeats. O-GlcNAc modification was also found on the extracellular domain of Delta, a ligand for Notch receptors. Although the O-GlcNAc modification is known to regulate a wide range of cellular processes, the list of known modified proteins has previously been limited to intracellular proteins in animals. Thus, the finding of O-GlcNAc modification in extracellular environments predicts a distinct glycosylation process that might be associated with a novel regulatory mechanism for Notch receptor activity.
Strengthening university-industry kowledge nexus (2003)

A principal objective of this paper is to identify and examine some of the research systems for stimulating technological development by establishing knowledge relationships between universities and industries. Three questions in particular will be examined. The first question concerns how scientific development is related with technological development. Interaction of science and technology may be the variable that is of central concern. The second question concerns identifying proper role of three subsystems (i.e. universities, industry, and government) in terms of their characteristics in the national research system. The third question concerns the way in which we can strengthen the country's science and technology potential by creating the necessary infrastructure for the development of advanced technology.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease past, present and future (2007)

Progress in the understanding of COPD
Using Virtual Reality to Visualize Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Data (1997)

In this paper we briefly discuss the state of the art of Virtual Reality as applied to visualization of scientific and technical data sets. We describe the technologies and software for the creation of Virtual Environments. We also give an overview of some of the more significant and successful Virtual Reality applications in the fields of medicine, engineering, chemistry and computational fluid dynamics.
Phase Distortion and Phase Distortion Correction (1928)

The importance of the rôcle played by the steady state phase characteristics of long cable circuits has recently been emphasized in telephone and telegraph transmission. In this paper an analytical exposition of the theory of phase distortion is followed by a consideration of various methods of phase distortion correction with particular reference to terminal phase compensating networks and to the application of the lattice network to the loaded line as a terminal phase corrector.
Assessing the impact of BitTorrent on DOCSIS networks (2007)

BitTorrent is a widely deployed peer-to-peer protocol that provides scalable file sharing capabilities. While BitTorrent applications contribute to the demand for high speed broadband access, they also contribute to the undesirable 80/20 effect wherein 80% of the bandwidth is consumed by 20% of the users. In this study we explore the impact that BitTorrent users can have on a DOCSIS cable network. We began the study by capturing packet traces of BitTorrent applications operating on two commercial DOCSIS cable networks. Next we developed for the ns-2 simulation tool a configurable mix of BitTorrent, Web browsing, and VoIP workloads and verified that the behavior of the simulated BitTorrent workloads to be consistent with the behavior observed on the commercial network. In this simulated environment, we show that as few as 15 BitTorrent users can significantly reduce the service quality experienced by other subscribers.
Physiological Changes during Ripening of Raspberry Fruit (1992)

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L., `Heritage') fruit were harvested at six stages of color development to determine the relationship between quality attributes and physiological changes during ripening. Soluble solids concentration and fruit weight increased, whereas titratable acidity decreased during ripening. Fruit darkened and color saturation increased with maturity. Raspberry fruit exhibited a nonclimacteric pattern of respiration, and ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) was detected only after red pigment developed. Respiration and C 2 H 4 production of whole fruit were similar to those of drupes. Ethylene-forming enzyme activity commenced in drupes and receptacle tissue from fruit at the yellow and mottled stages, respectively. These data indicate that ripening in raspberry fruit is independent of C 2 H 4 production and is nonclimacteric.
Convective noise in molecular electronic transducers of diffusion type (2010)

Noise in molecular electronic transducers is experimentally studied in the absence of a working fluid integral flow in the channel. It is concluded that noise in these systems is of a convective nature at low frequencies. It is found that the noise reduced to the input noise signal is independent of differences in the design of the electrode unit of the transducer.
Lipid-derived signals that discriminate wound- and pathogen-responsive isoprenoid pathways in plants: methyl jasmonate and the fungal elicitor arachidonic acid induce different 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes and antimicrobial isoprenoids in Solanum tuberosum L. (1994)

Induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) is essential for the synthesis of steroid derivatives and sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins in solanaceous plants following mechanical injury or pathogen infection. Gene-specific probes corresponding to different HMGR genes (hmg1 and hmg2) were used to study HMGR expression in potato tissue following treatment with methyl jasmonate, a lipoxygenase product of linolenic acid, or arachidonic acid, an elicitor present in the lipids of the potato late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans. Treatment of potato discs (2.2 cm in diameter) with low concentrations (0.45-45 nmol per disc surface) of methyl jasmonate nearly doubled the wound-induced accumulation of hmg1 transcripts and steroid-glycoalkaloid (SGA) accumulation, reduced the abundance of hmg2 transcripts, and did not induce phytoalexins. High concentrations of methyl jasmonate (2-4.5 mol per disc surface) suppressed hmg1 mRNA and SGA accumulation but did not affect hmg2 mRNA abundance or induce phytoalexins. In contrast, arachidonate treatment strongly suppressed hmg1 and strongly induced hmg2 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. There was a corresponding suppression of SGA accumulation and an induction of sesquiterpene phytoalexin accumulation by this elicitor. Lipoxygenase inhibitors reduced the wound-induced accumulation of hmg1 transcripts and suppressed SGA levels, effects that were overcome by exogenous methyl jasmonate (45 nmol per disc surface). The results (i) suggest that methyl jasmonate can function as a signal for hmg1 expression and SGA induction following wounding and (ii) indicate that the arachidonate- and jasmonate-response pathways are distinct in relation to HMGR gene expression and isoprenoid product accumulation. The results also are consistent with placement of the HMGR activities encoded by hmg1 and hmg2 within discrete steroid and sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic channels.
Inheritance of Resistance to Race 1 and Race 2 Anthracnose in Arc and Saranac AR Alfalfa<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Previous inheritance studies of resistance to anthracnose in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) caused by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain included only race 1. The objectives of this study were to simultaneously study the inheritance of race 1 and race 2 and to determine the association between resistances. Twenty plants were randomly selected from each of ‘Arc’ and ‘Saranac AR’ alfalfa, cloned, and ramets needle inoculated with race 1 and race 2 of C. trifolii . Seven of the Arc clones were susceptible to both races, 12 clones were resistant to race 1, and one clone was resistant to race 1 and race 2. Five of the Saranac AR clones were susceptible to both races, three clones were resistant to race 1, and 12 clones were resistant to race 1 and race 2. Each of the 40 clones were selfed and testcrossed to a race 1 and race 2 susceptible, male‐sterile clone. The progeny were evaluated for anthracnose resistance, and the segregations tested for fit to tetrasomic segregation ratios. Three reaction types were observed in the progeny: a.) susceptible to both races (SS); b.) resistant to race1—susceptible to race 2 (RS); and c.) resistant to both races (RR). No plants susceptible to race — resistant to race 2 (SR) were observed. Segregation ratios supported the hypothesis that two independent dominant genes with tetrasomic inheritance control anthracnose resistance in Arc and Saranac AR alfalfa. The An 1 gene in Arc codes for resistance only to race 1. The An 2 gene in Saranac AR codes for resistance to both race 1 and race 2. A gene similar to the An 1 gene in Arc that codes for resistance only to race 1 also occurs at low frequency in Saranac AR and is frequently masked by the An 2 gene.
Encapsulating chondrocytes in copolymer gels: Bimodal degradation kinetics influence cell phenotype and extracellular matrix development (2004)

Hydrogels provide an ideal environment for encapsulating chondrocytes and facilitating the production of cartilaginous tissue. However, the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ultimate tissue function are significantly affected by degradation of gel scaffolds. It was hypothesized that a bimodal degradation process would capture the critical features necessary for neotissue development. Specifically, most of the initial crosslinks would degrade quickly and enable ECM deposition, whereas a critical amount would remain or degrade much more slowly to provide structural integrity over a longer time period. In this study, chondrocytes were encapsulated in copolymer gels of nondegradable [poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate] and degradable [poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) dimethacrylate] macromers to investigate the effects of gel degradation on ECM evolution. All gels were synthesized from 10 wt % total macromer solutions consisting of 0, 19, 21, 23, 25, or 100 mol % nondegradable units. The copolymer constructs were found to have lower DNA content than completely degradable constructs after 8 weeks. However, total biochemical content was very similar among the various copolymer constructs. Histological analysis gave more interesting insight, showing a more uniform spatial distribution of ECM components in copolymer samples than in constructs with 100 mol % nondegradable units. In addition, a number of major structural defects were present in constructs with 0 mol % nondegradable units that became less apparent as the amount of nondegradable units was increased. Overall, the copolymer gels had a higher compressive modulus during neotissue development and also showed no evidence of chondrocyte dedifferentiation. With their bimodal degradation profile, copolymer gels with carefully selected ratios of degrading to slow or nondegrading crosslinks provide distinct advantages for ECM development in tissue-engineered cartilage.