gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMBINED SYSTEM OF PROPULSION AND GUIDANCE BY LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (1975)

This paper describes the principles, various characteristics and test results of a combined system of propulsion and guidance by linear synchronous motors (CSPG) suitable for high speed levitated trains. The CSPG proposed is a very economical system without usual guidance coils on the track. Instantaneous propulsion and guidance forces are obtained by computer simulation, and it is found how the train displacement, phase angle of the armature current and train speed affect the characteristics of a CSPG. It is also found that the computed results agree with the test results of the rotating experimental facility.
<i>In situ</i> measurement of mechanical stress in polycrystalline zinc-oxide thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering (2000)

The generation of stress in magnetron-sputtered undoped and aluminum-doped zinc-oxide (ZnO:Al) films has been measured by an in situ technique. Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering from ceramic targets in an argon atmosphere was used for film deposition. The stress was measured by optically detecting the deflection of a thinned silicon cantilever on which the films were deposited. This in situ stress measurement setup was tested by investigating the sputtering pressure dependence of stress in molybdenum films. For zinc-oxide films it was found that by increasing the argon-sputtering pressure during deposition the intrinsic compressive stress decreased by about a factor of 2, both for undoped and doped zinc-oxide films. The undoped films exhibit significantly higher compressive stresses (1–2.5 GPa) compared to the aluminum-doped films (0.7–1.5 GPa). This fact was ascribed to a surfactant-like effect of the dopant aluminum, which improved the crystallinity of the doped films. In contrast to magnetron-sputtered metallic films (like molybdenum) the zinc-oxide films did not show a transition from compressive to tensile stress when the argon-sputtering pressure was increased. It is assumed that this behavior of the zinc-oxide films is due to an additional incorporation of oxygen into the films. By adjusting the oxygen partial pressure during the deposition at a fixed argon pressure, a minimum of the compressive stress in ZnO: Al films was found which coincided with a minimum of the film resistivity. This observation stresses the role of even small changes in deposition parameters on the mechanical and electrical properties of zinc-oxide films. The possibilities of the in situ stress measurement are demonstrated during the deposition of zinc-oxide multilayers.
Effects of Beta-Carotene Isomerization on Its Absorption at 326 Millimicrons (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Beta-Carotene Isomerization on Its Absorption at 326 MillimicronsW G. Schrenk, Ralph E. Silker, and H H. KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 5, 328–329Publication Date (Print):May 19, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 May 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560129a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i560129a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (2010)

CB1 affected the stages of adult neurogenesis that involve intermediate highly proliferative progenitor cells and the survival and maturation of new neurons. The pro-neurogenic effects of CBD might explain some of the positive therapeutic features of CBD-based compounds.
Molecular-crowding effects on single-molecule RNA folding/unfolding thermodynamics and kinetics (2014)

The effects of "molecular crowding" on elementary biochemical processes due to high solute concentrations are poorly understood and yet clearly essential to the folding of nucleic acids and proteins into correct, native structures. The present work presents, to our knowledge, first results on the single-molecule kinetics of solute molecular crowding, specifically focusing on GAAA tetraloop-receptor folding to isolate a single RNA tertiary interaction using time-correlated single-photon counting and confocal single-molecule FRET microscopy. The impact of crowding by high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol on the RNA folding thermodynamics is dramatic, with up to ΔΔG° ∼ -2.5 kcal/mol changes in free energy and thus >60-fold increase in the folding equilibrium constant (Keq) for excluded volume fractions of 15%. Most importantly, time-correlated single-molecule methods permit crowding effects on the kinetics of RNA folding/unfolding to be explored for the first time (to our knowledge), which reveal that this large jump in Keq is dominated by a 35-fold increase in tetraloop-receptor folding rate, with only a modest decrease in the corresponding unfolding rate. This is further explored with temperature-dependent single-molecule RNA folding measurements, which identify that crowding effects are dominated by entropic rather than enthalpic contributions to the overall free energy change. Finally, a simple "hard-sphere" treatment of the solute excluded volume is invoked to model the observed kinetic trends, and which predict ΔΔG° ∼ -5 kcal/mol free-energy stabilization at excluded volume fractions of 30%.
Lightweight support for fine-grained persistence of stock hardware (1995)

LIGHTWEIGHT SUPPORT FOR FINE-GRAINED PERSISTENCE ON STOCK HARDWARE FEBRUARY 1995 ANTONY LLOYD HOSKING B.Sc., UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE M.Sc., UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor J. Eliot B. Moss Persistent programming languages combine the features of database systems and programming languages to allow the seamless manipulation of both short- and long-term data, thus relieving programmers of the burden of distinguishing between data that is transient (temporarily allocated in main memory) or persistent (residing permanently on disk). Secondary storage concerns, including the representation and management of persistent data, are directly handled by the programming language implementation, rather than the programmer. Moreover, unlike traditional database systems, persistent programming languages extend to persistent data all the data structuring features supported by the language, not just those imposed by the underlying database system. P...
Design and synthesis of ion‐conductive polyphosphazenes for fuel cell applications: Review (2006)

Abstract New proton‐conductive fuel cell membranes have been produced by the linkage of acidic functional groups to aryloxy side units attached to a polyphosphazene macromolecular chain. The functional groups include sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and sulfonimide units. The different functional groups impart different water retention, proton conduction, and methanol resistance to the membranes. Special advantages are foreseen for uses in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2358–2368, 2006
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insight Into Two-Component Solubility Parameters of Graphene and Thermodynamic Compatibility of Graphene and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (2017)

The effect of the number of layers, various defects and functional groups on solubility parameter of graphene was studied through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We predigested three-component Hansen solubility parameters (δD, δP, δH) to two-component solubility parameters (δvdW, δele), and the two-component solubility parameters of graphene functionalized by different groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl and epoxy with different grafting ratios were obtained. Further, the graphene/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were constructed to investigate the effect of functional groups and grafting ratios on components compatibility. It was found that the defects and functional groups had strong impact on solubility parameter of graphene, whereas the number of layers had a negligible effect. Two-component solubility parameters were proven to be able to predict compatibility of graphene and SBR. Additionally, the common effect of multifunctional groups on solubility parameter was also investigated. The combination of multifunctional groups with a proper content can obtain lower solubility parameter than a single group. The present study is expected to provide significant insight into the relationship between solubility parameter of graphene and compatibility of graphene/SBR composites.
2-Hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline vs 1,10-Phenanthroline: Significant Ligand Acceleration Effects in the Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Reaction of Arenes (2013)

A series of bidentate monoanionic nitrogen ligands were designed and applied in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction of arenes with alkenes. Significant ligand-accelerated effects were observed, and direct C-H functionalized products were formed in high yields with meta-selectivity.
A triallelic Fc γ receptor type IIIA polymorphism influences the binding of human IgG by NK cell Fc γ RIIIa (1996)

A donor-dependent difference in electrophoretic mobility of deglycosylated released Fc gamma RIIIa derived from NK cells and macrophages was observed. We investigated whether this was based on a polymorphism of the Fc gamma RIIIA gene. Cloning and sequencing of Fc gamma RIIIa-encoding cDNA derived from an apparently heterozygous donor showed one single nucleotide substitution at position 230 (T-->G), which was responsible for a leucine (L)-->arginine (R) substitution at position 48 in the first extracellular Ig-like domain (EC1) of Fc-gamma RIIIa and caused a higher electrophoretic mobility of Fc gamma RIIIa. An allele-specific primer annealing PCR assay was developed to amplify specifically an Fc gamma RIIIA gene-derived fragment, which was digested with AciI (recognizing G230) or MnlI (recognizing T230). MnlI restriction analysis revealed the presence of a third Fc gamma RIIIa allele with a T230-->A substitution, which predicts a change of 48-leucine into 48-histidine (H). A gene frequency of 86% for the T230 (48-L) allele, 6% for G230 (48-R), and 8% for A230 (48-H) was found. A significantly different genotype distribution was found among 12 unrelated Caucasian Fc gamma RIIIB gene-deficient donors. Fc gamma RIIIa-48R and Fc gamma RIIIa-48H showed a higher binding capacity of human (h)IgG1, hIgG3, and hIgG4 compared with Fc gamma RIIIa-48L. Finally, the CD16 mAbs 1D3 and MEM154 bound more strongly and Leu11c (B73.1) bound less to the newly identified Fc gamma RIIIa isoforms.
Bifunctional Synthetic Enzyme Candidates via Alternating Copolymerization. II. Copolymers Containing Alternating Imidazole and Phenolic Hydroxyl Functions (1986)

Abstract Alternating copolymerization offers an ideal method for introducing certain pairs of functional groups into copolymer chains in a controlled manner. In a previous paper from this laboratory, a novel copolymer containing alternating imidazole and hydroxamic acid functional groups was reported, and its evaluation as a synthetic enzyme was described. In an extension of this work, the present paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of those novel copolymers containing alternating imidazole and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups. The results of this study indicate that “cooperativity” between this pair of functional groups is somewhat restricted, probably for reasons related to the conformation of the copolymer chains or the proximity of the functional groups to the copolymer backbone.
Isolation, mapping, and functional analysis of a novel human cDNA (BNIP3L) encoding a protein homologous to human NIP3 (1998)

We have isolated a novel cDNA that encodes a product showing significant sequence homology (56% identity) to human NIP3, a protein thought to interact with adenovirus E1B19kD and human BCL2 proteins. This cDNA contains an open reading frame of 657 nucleotides encoding a 219 amino acid polypeptide. The gene, designated BNIP3L, was expressed in all 16 normal human tissues examined; we mapped it to chromosome band 8p21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Introduction of the BNIP3L gene into six different cancer-cell lines caused significant growth suppression in each of them, while no such effect occurred when the antisense cDNA or the vector DNA was transfected, indicating that BNIP3L may function as a tumor suppressor.
Review of Diesel Emissions and Control (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This review summarizes the latest developments in diesel emissions regarding regulations, engines, NOx (nitrogen oxides) control, particulate matter (PM) reductions, and hydrocarbon (HC) and CO oxidation.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Regulations are advancing with proposals for PN (particle number) regulations that require diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for Euro VI in 2013-14, and SULEV (super ultra low emission vehicle) fleet average light-duty (LD) emissions likely to be proposed in California for ~2017. CO₂ regulations will also impact diesel engines and emissions, probably long into the future.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine technology is addressing these needs. Heavy-duty (HD) research engines show 90% lower NOx at the same PM or fuel consumption levels as a reference 2007 production engine. Work is starting on HD gasoline engines with promising results. In light duty (LD), engine downsizing is progressing and deNOx is emerging as a fuel savings strategy.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Much has recently been reported on optimized selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The SCR catalyst can be placed before, after, or on the DPF. Work is progressing on non-urea ammonia systems, mixed zeolite catalysts, and on fundamental understanding on issues like ammonia storage, sulfur impacts, and reaction mechanisms. Developments on HC-based deNOx, like lean NOx traps (LNTs), result in a better understanding of durability, reduction in desulfation temperatures, and the use of LNT+SCR systems, wherein the LNT is calibrated to generate ammonia for use in a downstream SCR.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">PM control is very effective. US2007 HD engines are very clean, with the DPF systems delivering PM, HC, and CO emissions at levels lower than 10% of the regulation. DPF regeneration advances are reported in strategy, modeling PM loading, and catalyst utilization. The effect of catalyst coatings on PN emissions, and behavior of captured ash is becoming better understood. NO₂-based regeneration of soot is very critical for proper functioning of partial filters. Biodiesel effects on DPF functions are becoming clearer.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally, diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are being developed for use with premixed combustion engine strategies that function better at low temperatures, low oxygen levels, and at high HC+CO levels. The problem of platinum (Pt) migration to SCR catalysts from DOCs exposed to high temperatures for long times (850°C, 16 hours) is alleviated somewhat by using palladium (Pd) to replace some of the platinum.</div></div>
Interstitial Diffusion of Gold and Silver in Indium (1966)

The diffusivities $D$ of silver in the $c$ and $a$ directions of indium and gold in randomly oriented single crystals of indium have been measured by a radioactive-tracer technique. They are described by: ${{D}_{\frac{\mathrm{Ag}}{\mathrm{In}}}}^{\mathrm{a}}=5.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1} \mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{12800}{\mathrm{RT}})$, ${{D}_{\frac{\mathrm{Ag}}{\mathrm{In}}}}^{\mathrm{c}}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1} \mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{11500}{\mathrm{RT}})$, and ${D}_{\frac{\mathrm{Au}}{\mathrm{In}}}=9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3} \mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{6700}{\mathrm{RT}})$. The rates of diffusion of silver and gold in indium are thus several orders of magnitude greater than the self-diffusion rate of indium. These results indicate that gold and silver are dissolved at least partly in the interstitial state, in agreement with a theory which predicts that $d\ensuremath{-}d$ correlation forces should cause dissolved noble metals to favor interstitial sites in indium.
Segway and Golf Car Wear on Bermudagrass Fairway Turf (2006)

Golf cars have contributed significant revenue to the golf industry; however, their traffic adversely affects turfgrass systems through wear injury and soil compaction. The Segway GT is a new personal golfer transportation unit that is a possible replacement, or partner, to traditional golf cars. The objective of the following research was to compare the wear of a bermudagrass fairway turf as affected by a traditional golf car and a Segway. Studies were conducted on simulated bermudagrass fairways in Arkansas and Tennessee to compare the effects of vehicle (Segway versus golf car) and traffic type (stop/start versus turning) on turf quality, turf coverage, and surface hardness. At each site, an equivalent number of weekly traffic passes were made on replicate plots with each vehicle from 10 August to 9 September in 2005. Segway traffic did not reduce turf quality, percent turf cover, or increase surface hardness compared to golf car traffic. Furthermore, turning traffic with a golf car resulted in significantly reduced turf quality and turf coverage compared to a Segway. In addition, golf car traffic resulted in a harder turf surface than Segway traffic. These results demonstrate that the Segway has less impact on turfgrass performance than traditional golf cars and could have a positive, long‐term impact on golf course operations.
A 900 MHz transceiver chip set for dual-mode cellular radio mobile terminals (1993)

A chip set for compact transceivers meeting IS54 dual-mode cellular telephone standards is described. It consists of a direct up-conversion modulator and a double conversion receiver in a 12-GHz super-self-aligned bipolar process. It is operated from a 5-V power supply, and the total power dissipation is 310 mW. Both circuits can be put into a power-down mode with a maximum off-current of 10 mu A. The modulator chip is 4.1 mm/sup 2/, and the receiver chip is 4.9 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Uptake, Intracellular Distribution, and Stability of Oligodeoxynucleotide Phosphorothioate by <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (1995)

The in vitro uptake, cellular distribution, efflux, stability, and toxicity levels of an oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (PS-oligonucleotide) have been studied in mature Schistosoma mansoni worms. The intracellular accumulation of 35S-labeled PS-oligonucleotide occurred roughly in proportion to the worm body mass over a wide concentration range, whether the worms were exposed singly or in mating pairs. Cellular uptake was dependent on the extracellular concentration. A minor fraction (13%) of the PS-oligonucleotide taken up by the worm accumulated in the surface tegumental coat. Most of the PS-oligonucleotide taken up localized in the cytosol (54%) and the nuclei-enriched (33%) fractions. In a time course study on adult worms in culture, oligonucleotide uptake was observed within the first 2 h and peaked at about 36 h. A decrease in the intracellular concentration of the PS-oligonucleotide was observed by 42 h. Analysis of the extracted oligonucleotides showed that PS-oligonucleotide was digested slowly. Efflux of the oligonucleotide was time and temperature dependent. Significant toxicity to the cultured worms did not occur until the PS-oligonucleotide concentration was over 8 mg/ml (1 mM).
The painful mouth. Mucositis, gingivitis, and stomatitis. (1988)

The oromucosal manifestations of infection and painful mouth have important implications for both medical and dental professionals. The immunocompromised patient presents a particular challenge because clinical signs and symptoms may be minimal, and prompt and appropriate treatment is critical to prevent life-threatening complications. Effective control of infection and oral symptoms are both important, and this can be achieved by judicious use of topical and systemic agents. Prevention of mucosal breakdown, suppression of microbial colonization, control of reactivating viral infections, and effective management of severe xerostomia are all critical steps to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality of oromucosal infections in the severely immunocompromised patient.
Tag Overflow Buffering: An Energy-Efficient Cache Architecture (2005)

We propose a novel energy-efficient memory architecture which relies on the use of a cache with a reduced number of tag bits. The idea behind the proposed architecture is based on moving a large number of the tag bits from the cache into an external register (tag overflow buffer) that identifies the current locality of the memory references; additional hardware allows us to dynamically update the value of the reference locality contained in the buffer. Energy efficiency is achieved by using, for most of the memory accesses, a reduced-tag cache. This architecture is minimally intrusive for existing designs, since it assumes the use of a regular cache, and does not require any special circuitry internal to the cache such as row or column activation mechanisms. Average energy savings are 51% on tag energy, corresponding to about 20% saving on total cache energy, measured on a set of typical embedded applications.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Enhances Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesionsin Mice (2006)

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in polyvinyl chloride products and has become ubiquitous in the developed countries. DEHP reportedly displays an adjuvant effect on immunoglobulin production. However, it has not been elucidated whether DEHP is associated with the aggravation of atopic dermatitis. We investigated the effects of DEHP on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by mite allergen in NC/Nga mice. NC/Nga male mice were injected intradermally with mite allergen on their right ears. In the presence of allergen, DEHP (0, 0.8, 4, 20, or 100 microg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. We evaluated clinical scores, ear thickening, histologic findings, and the protein expression of chemokines. Exposure to DEHP at a dose of 0.8-20 microg caused deterioration of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions related to mite allergen; this was evident from macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Furthermore, these changes were consistent with the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and eotaxin in the ear tissue in overall trend. In contrast, 100 microg DEHP did not show the enhancing effects. These results indicate that DEHP enhances atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions at hundred-fold lower levels than the no observed adverse effect level determined on histologic changes in the liver of rodents. DEHP could be at least partly responsible for the recent increase in atopic dermatitis.