gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluoride stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl<sup>−</sup>channel activity (1998)

While studying the regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we found that addition of F- to the cytosolic surface of excised, inside-out membrane patches reversibly increased Cl- current in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation required prior phosphorylation and the presence of ATP. F- increased current even in the presence of deferoxamine, which chelates Al3+, suggesting that stimulation was not due to AlF4-. F- also stimulated current in a CFTR variant that lacked a large part of the R domain, suggesting that the effect was not mediated via this domain. Studies of single channels showed that F- increased the open-state probability by slowing channel closure from bursts of activity; the mean closed time between bursts and single-channel conductance was not altered. These results suggested that F- influenced regulation by the cytosolic domains, most likely the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). Consistent with this, we found that mutation of a conserved Walker lysine in NBD2 changed the relative stimulatory effect of F- compared with wild-type CFTR, whereas mutation of the Walker lysine in NBD1 had no effect. Based on these and previous data, we speculate that F- interacts with CFTR, possibly via NBD2, and slows the rate of channel closure.
Pure-tone intensity discrimination: some experiments relating to the “near-miss” to Weber's law (1974)

Intensity DLs for pulsed tones (f = 1000 Hz) were determined at two sensation levels. As has previously been noted, discrimination was better at the higher level. The possibility that this effect reflects the subject's use of information from aural harmonics was tested using stimuli specifically designed to disrupt such information. These stimuli did affect discrimination, but only when they were at levels in excess of those which would be required by the usual estimates of aural harmonic magnitudes. Further experiments with interfering stimuli used three types of noise: wide-band, high-pass, and band-stop. The noises had equal energies in the critical band around 1000 Hz and had spectrum levels in their respective pass-bands of −60, −30, and −35 dB relative to the 1000-Hz test tone. The noises had no effect on performance at the lower sensation level. At the higher level, performance was impaired, the greatest impairment being produced by the band-stop noise, the least by the wide-band noise. This was interpreted as indicating that information on both the high- and low-frequency sides of the test tone affects intensity discrimination at high levels. Implications of these results for models of intensity discrimination are discussed.
Estimation of curvature from sampled noisy data (2002)

Estimation of curvature from noisy sampled data is a fundamental problem in digital arc segmentation. The facet approach to curvature estimation involves least square fitting the observed data points to a parametric cubic polynomial and the calculation of the curvature analytically from the fitted parametric coefficients. Due to the fitting, there exists systematic error or bias between curvature which is calculated analytically from the parameterization of a circle and one which is calculated analytically based on the coefficients of the fitted cubic polynomial, even when the data are sampled from a noiseless circle. It is shown how to compensate this bias by estimating it with the coefficients of the fitted cubic polynomial, which gives more accurate curvature value. Small perturbations are introduced to the sampled data from a noiseless circle, and the authors analytically trace how the perturbation propagates through coefficients of the fitted polynomials and results in perturbation error of the curvature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Tracking Parameters on GNSS Receivers Vulnerability to Spoofing Attack (2016)

Civilian GNSS signals are highly vulnerable to spoofing attacks due to the publicly known signal structure and lack of protection against it. A spoofing signal which is synchronized to authentic ones can deceive the tracking process of a receiver and may lead to a fake position solution. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of spoofing signal parameters on a target receiver in overlapped spoofing attack scenarios. It is assumed that the receiver is operating in a tracking loop and the spoofing tries to grab the correlation function without causing loss of lock. The spoofing parameters to successfully capture the tracking point as a function of the target receiver’s PLL and DLL parameters are discussed. The problem of interest is to detect a spoofing attack by utilizing different signal quality monitoring (SQM) metrics and characterizing the pseudorange measurement error induced by the spoofer as a function of delay lock loop parameters. The statistical properties of the spoofing detection metrics are analyzed and proper detection thresholds are calculated. Some experimental results in dense multipath environments for vehicular applications have been performed to adjust the SQM metrics detection threshold and to reduce the false spoofing detection probability.
Purification and characterization of<i>Bordetella</i>calmodulin-like protein (1994)

Bordetella calmodulin-like protein was purified from culture supernatant fluid of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica by successive chromatography on hydroxyapatite, Toyopearl HW-50F and QAE-Toyopearl 550C columns. The purified calmodulin-like protein appeared to be homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular mass of calmodulin-like protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 10 kDa, which was smaller than bovine brain calmodulin (17 kDa). The purified calmodulin-like protein activated both Bordetella adenylate cyclase and mammalian phosphodiesterase in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. This activation was inhibited by calmodulin antagonists. The calmodulin-like protein, like calmodulin, was retained by a hydrophobic resin in the presence of Ca2+ and eluted by the addition of EDTA. These results indicated that the Bordetella calmodulin-like protein is closely related to calmodulin. As a putative calmodulin the extracellular calmodulin may be involved in Bordetella pathogenesis.
Collective consistency <i>work in progress</i> (1996)

No abstract available.
The Di-metalation of 9-Phenylcarbazole<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Di-metalation of 9-Phenylcarbazole1Henry Gilman and C. G. StuckwischCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 9, 1729–1733Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01249a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01249a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure (2003)

As covered in the preceding sections, acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome associated with high mortality in humans. Current therapy is limited to supportive measures and preventive strategies, none of which have been definitively shown to alter mortality. Ischemic ARF is often associated with
Route to Potsdam. The story of the Peace Aims 1939–1945 (1946)

Journal Article Route to Potsdam. The story of the Peace Aims 1939–1945 Get access Route to Potsdam. The story of the Peace Aims 1939–1945. By B. G. Ivanyi and Alan Bell. 1945. (London: Allan Wingate. 8¾″ × 5½″. 112 pp. 9s.) V. L. K. V. L. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 22, Issue 4, October 1946, Page 546, https://doi.org/10.2307/3018208 Published: 01 October 1946
Heart and lung hypertrophy, changes in blood volume, hematocrit and plasma renin activity in rats chronically exposed to increasing carbon monoxide concentrations (1988)

Changes in blood volume, heart and lung mass and composition and plasma renin activity were examined in two strains of male albino rats inhaling incrementally-increasing concentrations of CO: 250 ppm for 17 days, 500 ppm for 13-14 days, 750 ppm for 10 days, and 1300 ppm for 10 days. Blood volume increased 86% and erythrocyte mass increased 212% at 1300 ppm, while plasma volume was unchanged or decreased slightly. 'Real' hematocrit (hematocrit corrected for plasma trapping) increased from 50% in controls to a peak of 75% at 1300 ppm CO. Wet weight of right ventricle (RV) and combined right and left atria (2A) increased linearly with CO concentration, paralleling changes in blood volume; while real hematocrit increased non-linearly. Left ventricle + interventricular septum (LV + S) wet weight increased less than RV, but more in Sprague-Dawley than in Wistar rats. Plots of RV, LV + S and 2A weight vs real hematocrit showed sharp upward inflections at real hematocrit 65%, suggesting a possible role of increased viscosity in CO cardiomegaly at the higher hematocrit. Assymetric septal hypertrophy was not present. Lung weight increased with CO concentration, but was not due to increased lung blood volume or edema. Hydroxyproline measurements on heart and lung failed to show increased collagen content. Plasma renin activity measured by radioimmunoassay was depressed at 500 ppm, but was normal at 750 and 1300 ppm CO. Neither heart, lung, liver nor plasma renin measurements suggest congestive heart failure, supporting previous studies in the rat with chronic carboxyhemoglobinemia, in spite of enormously increased blood volume, hematocrit and heart weight.
Olefin metathesis in carotenoid synthesis (2009)

Olefin metathesis is a powerful and widely applicable synthetic method for carbon-carbon double bond formation. However, its application to the synthesis of conjugating polyene chains has been very limited because of possible undesired side reactions. We attempted to apply this method to the synthesis of symmetrical carotenoids. In this paper, the syntheses of violaxanthin and mimulaxanthin are described using the olefin metathesis protocol.
Effect of Evans Blue and Trypan Blue on Syncytia Formation and Infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I and Type II In Vitro (1991)

Polyanionic compounds were used to inhibit infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. Suramin, Evans blue, and Trypan blue were shown to inhibit syncytia formation normally observed when HIV-1-infected cells are cocultured with CD4+ cells. The inhibition was more pronounced with Evans blue than with any of the other polyanions studied. The inhibitory effect was significantly weaker in HIV-2 systems. However, the reverse transcriptase activities of both types of viruses were inhibited by Evans blue. Another polyanionic compound, phosphorothioate 28-mer cytidine homopolymer (SdC28) was shown to inhibit syncytium formation induced by HIV-1-and HIV-2-infected cells in an identical manner. Evans blue showed partial blocking of gp120 binding to CD4 in a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These results suggest that the polyanionic dyes may exert their antiviral effects, at least in part, by interfering with the binding and fusion of HIV with susceptible T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions via Sulfone‐Substituted 3‐ Sulfolenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Upgrading ethanol to 1-butanol with a homogeneous air-stable ruthenium catalyst (2016)

An amide-derived N,N,N-Ru(ii) complex catalyzes the conversion of EtOH to 1-BuOH with high activity. Conversion to alcohol upgraded products exceeds 250 turnovers per hour (>50% conversion) with 0.1 mol% catalyst loading. In addition to high activity for ethanol upgrading, catalytic reactions can be set up under ambient conditions with no loss in activity.
Antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin (1995)

The mechanisms by which quinolones rapidly kill are ill defined. We have investigated the action of ciprofloxacin on Escherichia coli KL16 with a combination of traditional and flow cytometric methods and have analyzed cells for changes in membrane potential, membrane integrity, oxidative metabolism, morphology, and viability. Log-phase cultures were exposed to various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 times the MIC) of ciprofloxacin and analyzed at regular intervals over 120 min. We also measured protein synthesis in the related strain PQ37 cultured under the same conditions over 300 min, using a colorimetric assay for beta-galactosidase release. Despite a 3-log order decrease in CFU after 60-min exposure to 10 and 100 times the MIC of ciprofloxacin, there was no equivalent decrease in bacterial numbers as determined by both light microscopy and flow cytometry. Furthermore, while these bacteria showed concentration-dependent morphological changes, most were capable not only of excluding the fluorescent nucleic acid-binding dye propidium iodide, but also of reducing the tetrazolium dye cyanoditodyl tetrazolium chloride. Over 90% of the bacteria maintained a membrane potential [as determined by exclusion of bis-[1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol] when exposed to ciprofloxacin for 120 min, except at 100 times the MIC, when this figure fell to < 10%. Finally, protein synthesis was either maintained or induced at all concentrations of ciprofloxacin up to 5 h postexposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate the continuing physical and metabolic survival of ciprofloxacin-exposed bacteria; we suggest parallels with the concept of the viable nonculturable state.
Analgesic Effect of the Newly Developed S(+)‐Flurbiprofen Plaster on Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis Model (2016)

Preclinical Research This article describes the properties of a novel topical NSAID (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) patch, SFPP (S(+)-flurbiprofen plaster), containing the potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, S(+)-flurbiprofen (SFP). The present studies were conducted to confirm human COX inhibition and absorption of SFP and to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of SFPP in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model. COX inhibition by SFP, ketoprofen and loxoprofen was evaluated using human recombinant COX proteins. Absorption of SFPP, ketoprofen and loxoprofen from patches through rat skin was assessed 24 h after application. The AIA model was induced by injecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis followed 20 days later by the evaluation of the prostaglandin PGE2 content of the inflamed paw and the pain threshold. SFP exhibited more potent inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 8.97 nM) and COX-2 (IC50 = 2.94 nM) than the other NSAIDs evaluated. Absorption of SFP was 92.9%, greater than that of ketoprofen and loxoprofen from their respective patches. Application of SFPP decreased PGE2 content from 15 min to 6 h and reduced paw hyperalgesia compared with the control, ketoprofen and loxoprofen patches. SFPP showed analgesic efficacy, and was superior to the ketoprofen and loxoprofen patches, which could be through the potent COX inhibitory activity of SFP and greater skin absorption. The results suggested SFPP can be expected to exert analgesic effect clinically.
A conceptual framework for consistency, conditioning, and stability issues in signal processing (2001)

The techniques employed for analyzing algorithms in numerical linear algebra have evolved significantly since the 1940s. Significant in this evolution is the partitioning of the terminology into categories in which analyses involving infinite precision effects are distinguished from analyses involving finite precision effects. Although the structure of algorithms in signal processing prevents the direct application of typical analysis techniques employed in numerical linear algebra, much can be gained in signal processing from an assimilation of the terminology found there. This paper addresses the need for a conceptual framework for discussing the computed solution from an algorithm by focusing on the distinction between a perturbation analysis of a problem or a method of solution and the stability analysis of an algorithm. A consistent approach to defining these concepts facilitates the task of assessing the numerical quality of a computed solution. This paper discusses numerical analysis techniques for signal processing algorithms and suggests terminology that is supportive of a centralized framework for distinguishing between errors propagated by the nature of the problem and errors propagated through the use of finite-precision arithmetic. By this, we mean that the numerical stability analysis of a signal processing algorithm can be simplified and the meaning of such an analysis made unequivocal.
Towards Enhanced System Efficiency while Mitigating Row Hammer (2021)

In recent years, DRAM-based main memories have become susceptible to the Row Hammer (RH) problem, which causes bits to flip in a row without accessing them directly. Frequent activation of a row, called an aggressor row , causes its adjacent rows’ ( victim ) bits to flip. The state-of-the-art solution is to refresh the victim rows explicitly to prevent bit flipping. There have been several proposals made to detect RH attacks. These include both probabilistic as well as deterministic counter-based methods. The technique of handling RH attacks, however, remains the same. In this work, we propose an efficient technique for handling the RH problem. We show that the mechanism is agnostic of the detection mechanism. Our RH handling technique omits the necessity of refreshing the victim rows. Instead, we use a small non-volatile Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STTRAM) that ensures no unnecessary refreshes of the victim rows on the DRAM device and thus allowing more time for normal applications in the same DRAM device. Our model relies on the migration of the aggressor rows. This accounts for removing blocking of the DRAM operations due to the refreshing of victim rows incurred in the previous solution. After extensive evaluation, we found that, compared to the conventional RH mitigation techniques, our model minimizes the blocking time of the memory that is imposed due to explicit refreshing by an average of 80.72% in the worst-case scenario and provides energy savings of about 15.82% on average, across different types of RH-based workloads. A lookup table is necessary to pinpoint the location of a particular row, which, when combined with the STTMRAM, limits the storage overhead to 0.39% of a 2 GB DRAM. Our proposed model prevents repeated refreshing of the same victim rows in different refreshing windows on the DRAM device and leads to an efficient RH handling technique.
Exciton Interpretation of the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Saturated Organic Polymers (1968)

A recent application of the molecular exciton theory to the σ bond absorptions of simple gaseous alkanes has prompted the extension of the theory here to saturated organic polymers in the solid phase. The theory explains the experimentally observed insensitivity of the absorption spectra to changes in polymer chain conformation and, in the case of simple alkanes, to changes from gas to solid phase. It also explains the observed similarity between the low-energy portions of the absorption spectra of such diverse materials as diamond and gaseous alkanes. The exciton energy levels of polyethylene, polypropylene, and diamond are calculated and are found to give very reasonable agreement with the previous experimental data on polyethylene and diamond, and with the absorption spectrum of polypropylene which is presented here between 2500 and 584 Å. The polarizations of the optically allowed transitions are also obtained but no experimental data is yet available on these. The possible implications of this exciton interpretation to the radiation chemistry of saturated hydrocarbon polymers are briefly discussed.
Algorithm design and application of service-oriented event correlation (2008)

The timely and efficient management of faults that affect the quality of services delivered to customers is an important issue for service providers with respect to their business goals. It includes the diagnosis of service faults which deals with the localization of their root causes within subservices and resources being part of the service realization. In this paper our service-oriented event correlation approach, which uses event correlation techniques to automate the diagnosis on the service layer is detailed. Our algorithm for the hybrid rule-based/case-based correlation methodology that also includes recently proposed active probing techniques is presented as well as its prototypical implementation at the Leibniz Supercomputing Center. This implementation is not limited to a small test environment, but has been carried out for requirements of the environment of this large service provider.
Correlation functions as a tool for protein modeling and structure analysis (1992)

Proteins present unique folding structures whose conformations are determined primarily by their amino acid sequences. At present, there is no algorithm that would correlate the sequences with the structures determined by X-ray analysis or NMR. Comparative modeling of a new protein sequence based on the known structure of a functionally related protein promises to yield model structures that may provide relevant properties of the protein. To analyze the quality of a model structure, a set of correlation functions was derived from calculations on a subset of proteins from the structure database. Twenty-three highly resolved protein structures with resolutions of at least 1.7 A from various protein families were used as the primary database. The purpose of this initial work was to find highly sensitive functions (including statistical error limits for the parameters) that describe properties of "real" proteins. Each correlation described is characterized by the correlation coefficient, the parameters for linear or nonlinear regression (coefficients of the equation), standard deviation and variance, and the confidence limits describing the statistical probability for values to occur within these limits, e.g., the natural variability of the property under examination. In addition, a method was developed for creating reasonably misfolded proteins. The ability of a correlation function to discriminate between the native structure and the misfolded conformations is expressed by the reliability index, which indicates the sensitivity of a correlation function. The term correlation functions thus summarizes a variety of efforts to find a mathematical description for the properties of protein structures, for their correlation, and for their significance.