gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated extraction of failure reproduction steps from user interaction traces (2015)

Bug reports submitted by users and crash reports collected by crash reporting tools often lack information about reproduction steps, i.e. the steps necessary to reproduce a failure. Hence, developers have difficulties to reproduce field failures and might not be able to fix all reported bugs. We present an approach to automatically extract failure reproduction steps from user interaction traces. We capture interactions between a user and a WIMP GUI using a capture/replay tool. Then, we extract the minimal, failure-inducing subsequence of captured interaction traces. We use three algorithms to perform this extraction: Delta Debugging, Sequential Pattern Mining, and a combination of both. Delta Debugging automatically replays subsequences of an interaction trace to identify the minimal, failure-inducing subsequence. Sequential Pattern Mining identifies the common subsequence in interaction traces inducing the same failure. We evaluated our approach in a case study. We injected four bugs to the code of a mail client application, collected interaction traces of five participants trying to find these bugs, and applied the extraction algorithms. Delta Debugging extracted the minimal, failure-inducing interaction subsequence in 90% of all cases. Sequential Pattern Mining produced failure-inducing interaction sequences in 75% of all cases and removed on average 93% of unnecessary interactions, potentially enabling manual analysis by developers. Both algorithms complement each other because they are applicable in different contexts and can be combined to improve performance.
A new geotechnical method for natural slope exploration and analysis (2014)

Geotechnical investigation of natural slopes is challengeable especially when natural slopes having higher gradients and access is difficult. Also, it is even more problematic to find the shear strength parameters spatially to evaluate the stability of slopes as most of the methods available to find the shear strength parameters in the literature are uneconomical or such methods cannot be applied in vegetated slopes. Recently, authors have conducted a series of in situ investigations based on the newly developed lightweight dynamic cone penetrometer to examine its applicability in analyzing the slopes covered with weathering remnants of decomposed granite. Six patterns were identified based on the penetration resistance varies with the depth. Spatial variability analysis conducted on different grid spaces showed that the coefficient of variation of cone resistance varies from 0 to 35 %. Semi-variogram analysis showed that the Spherical Models can be used to evaluate the spatial variability of weathering remnants of decomposed granite. A series of laboratory calibration tests based on the lightweight dynamic cone penetration tests and direct shear tests with pore pressure measurements were conducted at different void ratios and degrees of saturation. Based on the laboratory calibration test results, a method to determine the void ratio, e, from the data of q d was presented. Based on this, two formulas to evaluate the shear strength parameters, apparent cohesion and friction angle, were established with the cone resistance and degree of saturation. Slight modification was proposed in evaluating the apparent cohesion with respect to the different fine content in the soils. As a whole, the proposed method can be successfully applied to individual slopes to determine the profile thickness and to evaluate the shear strength parameters spatially. Based on this, hazard assessment of individual slopes can be made.
Virginia Woolf and the Literary Marketplace (2013)

and Literary Jeanne Dubino, ed. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) xv + 263pp. Jeanne Dubino's collection and Literary Marketplace introduces readers to a wealth of resources examining engagement with print culture. The volume's contributions reflect just how many dimensions there are to literary marketplace and complicate existing conversations regarding publication history, composition practices, marketing, and modernism. Progressing from local to global contexts, collection's four segments clearly organize a wide range of approaches to development and reception of oeuvre. The opening section, Woolf's Engagement with Marketplace, investigates her reading, editing, and publication strategies. Beth Rigel Daugherty's Reading, Taking Notes, and Writing: Stephen's Reviewing Practice opens segment with apprenticeship as a book reviewer. Elizabeth Dickens in Circulating Ideas and Selling Periodicals: Leonard Woolf, Nation and Athenaeum, and Topical Debate, turns to contexts shaping work as she analyzes publication's Religious Belief Questionnaire. Vara Neverow examines early response to contemporary audiences in Woolf's Editorial Self-Censorship and Risk-Taking in Jacob'sRoom (57). Considering her revisions of novel, Neverow argues that weighs every word and con cocts an elaborate maze of coded and cross-referenced allusions (68). Examining reading and other contexts informing her writing, in final contribution to this section, Jeanette McVicker interprets several moments in lifelong engagement with Greeks as crucial to her struggle to represent an ontological reality that would finally include truthful representations of women's material experiences, including her own (74). rivalries with her female contemporaries and critiques of her predecessors provide subject of volume's second section, Woolf's Relationship to Marketplace. Katie Macnamara presents a lively account of competition that fueled and Katherine Mansfield's fiction in How to Strike a Contemporary: Woolf, Mansfield, and Marketing Gossip. As Macnamara argues, Woolf understood that readerly curiosity about lives of authors would continue to encourage textual circulation more than formal criticism ever could (92). Heather Bean subsequently addresses evolution of response to Brontes from her early piece Haworth, November, 1904 to her later critique in A Room of One's Own (1929). In final contribution to this section, Virginia and Gertrude Stein: Commerce, Bestsellers, and Jew, Karen Leick considers response to Jews in such novels as The Years (1937) in which Leick observes that the presence of Jews not only reveals, but also causes or is a catalyst for new and changing marketplace that England has become (128). The third section, Woolf's Marketplaces, turns to issues that have been at stake in new modernist studies. Caroline Pollentier addresses publication of occasional, non-review essays in Virginia and Middlebrow Market of Familiar Essay (138). …
Quantifying the association and dissociation rates of unlabelled antagonists at the muscarinic M <sub>3</sub> receptor (2006)

Slow receptor dissociation kinetics has been implicated in the long clinical duration of action of the muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium. However, despite the potential benefits of new drugs with slow dissociation kinetics, the rate parameters of new compounds are seldom measured due to technical difficulties and financial implications associated with radiolabeling multiple ligands. Here we describe the development and optimisation of a medium throughput assay which is capable of measuring the kinetic parameters of novel, unlabelled compounds. Radioligand binding studies were performed with membranes derived from CHO cells recombinantly expressing the human M(3) muscarinic receptor.Initial characterisation of the radioligand [(3)H]-NMS yielded on and off rates of 4.1+/-0.2 x 10(8) M(-1) min(-1) and 0.015+/-0.0005 min(-1), respectively. The specific binding of [(3)H]-NMS was measured over time in the presence and absence of several concentrations of unlabelled competitor compounds. These data were analysed using a competition kinetic model to provide on and off rates for the unlabelled competitor. Comparison of the kinetically derived Kd (k(off)/k(on)) with K(i) values generated at equilibrium showed an excellent correlation (r(2)=0.99), providing good validation of the method. The on and off rates were also used in theoretical computer simulations to successfully predict the effect of incubation time on apparent IC(50) values. This study demonstrates that a medium-throughput competition kinetic binding assay can be used to determine accurate on and off rates of unlabelled compounds, providing the opportunity to optimise for kinetic parameters early in the drug discovery process.
Activation of the Classical Complement Pathway by Nephritic Factor Bound to the Alternative Pathway C3/C5 Convertase (1979)

Nephritic Factor (NF), the potent alternative pathway activator, which is occasionally found in association with certain types of nephritis has recently been identified as an IgG class autoantibody specific for the C3 convertase (C3bB) of the alternative pathway. In these studies we have examined the possibility that the cell-bound NF-stabilized C3 convertase (EC3 bBNF) binds and activates the first component of the classical pathway of complement. EC3bBNF bound C1q, and the extent of binding was dependent upon the number of NF molecules bound per cell and decreased parallel to the dissociation and release of NF from the cells. Interaction of C1 with bound NF resulted in its activation as shown by the proteolytic conversion of proenzyme C1s to its activated form C1s. As was the case with C1q binding, C1 activation was dependent on the number of NF molecules bound per cell. Thus the NF-stabilized C3 convertase binds and activates C1.
Catalytic site of rabbit glycogen synthase isozymes. Identification of an active site lysine close to the amino terminus of the subunit. (1988)

Rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase was inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and irreversibly inactivated after sodium borohydride reduction of the enzyme-pyridoxal-P complex. The irreversible inactivation by pyridoxal-P was opposed by the presence of the substrate UDP-glucose. With [3H]pyridoxal-P, covalent incorporation of 3H label into the enzyme could be monitored. UDP-glucose protected against 3H incorporation, whereas glucose-6-P was ineffective. Peptide mapping of tryptic digests indicated that two distinct peptides were specifically modified by pyridoxal-P. One of these peptides contained the NH2-terminal sequence of the glycogen synthase subunit. Chymotrypsin cleavage of this peptide resulted in a single-labeled fragment with the sequence: Glu-Val-Ala-Asn-(Pyridoxal-P-Lys)-Val-Gly-Gly-Ile-Tyr. This sequence is identical to that previously reported (Tagaya, M., Nakano, K., and Fukui, T. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260. 6670-6676) for a peptide specifically modified by a substrate analogue and inferred to form part of the active site of the enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that the modified lysine was located at residue 38 from the NH2 terminus of the rabbit muscle glycogen synthase subunit. An analogous tryptic peptide obtained from the rabbit liver isozyme displayed a high degree of sequence homology in the vicinity of the modified lysine. We propose that the extreme NH2 terminus of the glycogen synthase subunit forms part of the catalytic site, in close proximity to one of the phosphorylated regions of the enzyme (site 2, serine 7). In addition, the work extends the known NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of both the liver and muscle glycogen synthase isozymes.
Robust input-output linearization with input constraints for an engine cooling system (2014)

In this paper, a nonlinear control approach of an innovative engine cooling system for vehicles is presented. The electrically driven coolant pump and a servo-controlled bypass valve as control inputs, however, are subject to saturation due to physical limitations of the maximum pump volume flow and the limited opening section of the bypass valve. Based on a control-oriented system representation, a robust decentralized control employing sliding-mode techniques is proposed: an input-output linearizing control is designed for the engine outlet temperature, whereas an exact linearization is performed for the engine inlet temperature. At this control design, the given actuator limitations are explicitly taken into account. The controllers are implemented with small sampling time and combined with a discrete-time Extended Kalman Filter that estimates unknown heat flows within the system. In an experimental investigation, the performance of two alternative stabilizing control laws is compared: a linear stabilizing control law as reference and the robust sliding-mode approach leading to a nonlinear error dynamics. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness and the control performance of the proposed robust control strategy.
Antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease-vitamin C delivery to a demanding brain (2003)

Levels of several antioxidants and related markers were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 10 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 10 controls. Daily dosage of vitamin C was significantly correlated with both plasma (R=0.662; p=0.0015) and CSF level (R=0.639, p=0.0024). Plasma and CSF vitamin C levels were also highly correlated R=0.793, p<0.0001). Similarly, daily dosage of Vitamin E was significantly correlated with plasma vitamin E (R=0.681; p=0.0009) and showed a trend toward correlation with CSF vitamin E (R=0.422, p=0.06). There were no significant differences between groups in absolute CSF or plasma levels of any analyte. However, the CSF: plasma ratio of vitamin C was significantly greater in the AD patients compared to the controls (p=0.048). In a subset of AD patients, hippocampal volume was significantly correlated with plasma (R2=0.833; p=0.004) and CSF (R2 =0.603; p=0.04) vitamin C levels, and inversely correlated with CSF:plasma vitamin C ratio (R2 =0.717; p=0.016). We conclude that oral vitamin C supplements are delivered to the brain, and speculate that the increased CSF: plasma ratio of vitamin C in AD reflects increased antioxidant consumption by the AD brain.
Debugging heterogeneous applications with Pangaea (1996)

Heterogeneous computing environments pose special challenges for debugging. They present the same difficulties as parallel computing environments, including asynchronous communication, non-detenninism, and increased state information. In addition, debugging in heterogeneous environments is complicated by the distribution of work across diverse computational platforms and heterogeneous communication networks. In this paper we describe Pangaea, a tool for debugging heterogeneous applications targeted to distributed resources which use PVM. Nondeterminism in the system can cause varying event orderings for multiple executions.
Droop Control With Improved Disturbance Adaption for a PV System With Two Power Conversion Stages (2016)

Droop control has commonly been used with distributed generators for relating their terminal parameters with power generation. The generators have also been assumed to have enough capacities for supplying the required power. This is, however, not always true, especially with renewable sources with no or insufficient storage for cushioning climatic changes. In addition, most droop-controlled literatures have assumed a single dc-ac inverter with its input dc source fixed. Front-end dc-dc converter added to a two-stage photovoltaic (PV) system has, therefore, usually been ignored. To address these unresolved issues, an improved droop scheme for a two-stage PV system has been developed in this paper. The developed scheme uses the same control structure in both grid connected and islanded modes, which together with properly tuned synchronizers, allows mode transfer to be seamlessly triggered. Moreover, the proposed scheme adapts well with internal PV and external grid fluctuations, and is, hence, more precise with its tracking, as compared with the traditional droop scheme. Simulation and experimental results have verified these expectations, and, hence, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Feeding tadpoles cloned from Rana erythrocyte nuclei. (1986)

Diploid frog nuclei from differentiated somatic cells, transplanted into enucleated eggs to determine whether cell specialization generally involves irreversible genetic changes, have shown that nuclei from specialized somatic cells still contain the genes specifying the cell types and organ systems of swimming tadpoles. However, those tadpoles failed to feed and did not survive beyond the initial tadpole stages. Here we report that, after incubation in oocytes, triploid erythrocyte nuclei from juvenile frogs of Rana pipiens directed the formation of feeding tadpoles that survived up to a month and had differentiated hind limb buds. These tadpoles occurred at a high yield and showed the most extensive development so far obtained from documented differentiated somatic nuclei.
Steric inhibition of synergistic radical stabilizing effects (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric inhibition of synergistic radical stabilizing effectsF. G. Bordwell, Mark J. Bausch, Jin Pei Cheng, Thomas H. Cripe, Tsuei Yun Lynch, and Mark E. MuellerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 58–63Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00288a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WAVEGUIDE RESONATOR STRUCTURE OF AN ELECTRON-BEAM-PUMPED SEMICONDUCTOR LASER (1972)

A method was developed for producing a waveguide resonator structure in an electron-beam- pumped semiconductor laser. When guided waves were excited in such a resonator, the laser threshold was found to be independent of the electron energy and the angular distribution of the output radiation was more complex than for a homogeneous resonator. The use of a waveguide resonator made it possible to reduce the laser threshold to 0.3 A/cm2 (in the electron energy range 15–20 keV), which was one or two orders of magnitude lower than for a laser with a homogeneous resonator.
Defective Newborns and Government Intermeddling (1985)

Whenever a genetically defective infant is born, a triptych of interests is challenged directly. For such a case not only tests the extent of the natural rights of the parents in making decisions regarding the infant's capacity for qualitative life, but the personal needs or the welfare of the child itself and the nature of the responsibilities of the State in ensuring the welfare of its citizens regardless of age or infirmity. Aggressive posturing by the United States government, through a complex regulatory scheme designed to assure protection of handicapped newborns, has in fact wreaked havoc on the whole decision-making process and assaulted the integrity and privacy of the family decisional unit. While lacking a similar governmental regulatory process of protection in England, the judiciary, nevertheless, has given a strong indication that circumstances may merit respect of parental decisions which preclude aggressive efforts being undertaken to maintain life for such infants. What would be helpful to parents, doctors and judges alike in deciding the gravity of birth impairment and ultimately whether to maintain life or allow it to abate with dignity and mercy would be criteria which would attempt to structure pragmatic medical standards for decision-making.
The Sporting Choice-A Decision/Expectancy Model (1982)

This study uses a Decision/Expectancy model to examine factors contributing to sports preference for college men and women at three levels of participation. Subjects rated the utility of outcomes for nine sports (a sampling of team and nonteam, competitive and recreational activities) and their expectations that each outcome would occur given that they participated in each sport. Subjects were divided into six groups according to current and recent participation in sports activities. A relationship was found between current level of participation and age of earliest participation. Subjective Expected Utilities (SEUs) for groups suggest that differences between groups having different levels of participation were not in their assessments of the utilities of outcomes of participation, because all subjects found positive outcomes equally favorable and negative outcomes equally unfavorable. The groups did differ, however, in their assessment of the probabilities that positive or negative outcomes would occur as a result of their participation. Men and women were very similar in their evaluations. There was a high correlation for groups between SEU and stated preference for the nine sports.
Phase modulation and ellipticity of the light transmitted through a smectic C* layer with short helix pitch (2010)

Abstract A chiral ferroelectric smectic C* liquid crystal (FLC) with the helix pitch p 0 = 330 nm was developed to avoid any scattering of visible light when the helix is not unwound over a certain limit. Planar cells with different FLC layer thickness (16 and 44 μm) have been assembled with helix axis parallel to the glass plates and aligned along the rubbing direction. The ellipticity of the light passing through the cells vs. the electric field was investigated, and a method for evaluating the electrically controlled birefringence via ellipticity measurements has been established. We have found that the FLC cell is an optical retardation layer driven by the electric field, the effective birefringence being proportional to the square electric field. The physical origin of the electrically controlled phase shift of the light passing through the FLC layer has been analysed. Keywords: chiral dopantferroelectric liquid crystalhelix pitchellipticityphase shift Acknowledgements The authors are very grateful to Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Faculty of Engineering Sciences, for very useful suggestions. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, grants NN 08-03-90009, 08-02-01074-a and grants: 07-07-91582-ASP_a, 08-03-90009-Bel_a, 07-02-96610-p; it was partially funded by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (FCRT) in the frame of the bilateral project Piemonte-Russia "Nanotecnologie per le industrie elettromeccaniche, dell'informazione e del medicale (FCRTnano)". One of the authors (C.A.R. Yednak) acknowledges a grant from Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Paranà, Brasil; another author (S. Torgova) acknowledges Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, for financial support.