gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New FTIR method for the determination of FFA in oils (2004)

Abstract A rapid, practical, and accurate FTIR method for the determination of FFA in edible oils was developed. Analogous to the AOCS titration procedure, the FTIR FFA determination is effected by an acid/base reaction but directly measures the product formed rather than utilizing an end point based on an electrode potential or color change. A suspension of a weak base, potassium phthalimide (K‐phthal) in 1‐propanol (1‐PrOH), is used to convert the FFA present in oils to their carboxylate salt without causing oil saponification, and differential spectroscopy is used to circumvent matrix effects. Samples are first diluted with 1‐PrOH, then split, with one‐half treated with the K‐phthal reagent and the other half with 1‐PrOH (blank reagent), their spectra collected, and differential spectra obtained to ratio out the invariant spectral contributions from the oil sample. Quantification of the percentage of FFA in the oil, expressed as %oleic acid, based on measurement of the peak height of the ν (COO − ) absorption of the FFA salt formed, yielded a calibration with an SE of <0.020% FFA over the range of 0–4%. The method was validated by standard addition and the analysis of Smalley check samples, the results indicating that the analytical performance of the FTIR procedure is as good as or better than that of the standard titrimetric procedure. As structured, the FTIR procedure is a primary method, as calibration is not dependent on reference values provided by another method, and has performance criteria that could lead to its consideration as an instrumental AOCS procedure for FFA determination. The FTIR portion of the analysis is automatable, and a system capable of analyzing ∼60 samples/h was developed that could be of benefit to laboratories that carry out a large number of FFA analyses per day.
Statistical Phrase-Based Post-Editing (2007)

We propose to use a statistical phrase-based machine translation system in a post-editing task: the system takes as in-put raw machine translation output (from a commercial rule-based MT system), and produces post-edited target-language text. We report on experiments that were per-formed on data collected in precisely such a setting: pairs of raw MT output and their manually post-edited versions. In our evaluation, the output of our automatic post-editing (APE) system is not only bet-ter quality than the rule-based MT (both in terms of the BLEU and TER metrics), it is also better than the output of a state-of-the-art phrase-based MT system used in standalone translation mode. These re-sults indicate that automatic post-editing constitutes a simple and efcient way of combining rule-based and statistical MT technologies. 1
Current views of zinc as a gastrohepatic protective agent (1989)

Abstract The protective effects of zinc on gastrohepatic lesions induced by various agents are reviewed. Acute gastric glandular mucosal damage produced by parenteral injection of reserpine, cold‐restraint stress or by oral administration of ethanol are prevented by zinc compounds. Hepatic lesions induced by CCl 4 , ethanol, alkylating agents, or cadmium are also antagonized by zinc ions. The pathological changes evoked by these agents or stress are postulated to be due to free radical production and labilization of biomembranes. These actions are thought to be sequestered or stabilized by zinc. The role of glutathione in the protective action and the involvement of mast cell degranulation in ulceration are further discussed. The data available so far indicate that zinc compounds could be used as protective agents for gastrohepatic diseases.
Gain-scheduled Linear Quadratic Control of Wind Turbines Operating at High Wind Speed (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
eIF5B increases ASAP1 expression to promote HCC proliferation and invasion (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the therapeutic advances that have been achieved during the past decade, the molecular pathogenesis underlying HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that increased expression eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) was significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics and associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. We also found that eIF5B promoted HCC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo partly through increasing ASAP1 expression. Our findings strongly suggested that eIF5B could promote HCC progression and be considered a prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Exploiting Cellular Data for Disease Containment and Information Campaigns Strategies in Country-Wide Epidemics (2013)

Human mobility is one of the key factors at the basis of the spreading of diseases in a population. Containment strategies are usually devised on movement scenarios based on coarse-grained assumptions. Mobility phone data provide a unique opportunity for building models and defining strategies based on very precise information about the movement of people in a region or in a country. Another very important aspect is the underlying social structure of a population, which might play a fundamental role in devising information campaigns to promote vaccination and preventive measures, especially in countries with a strong family (or tribal) structure. In this paper we analyze a large-scale dataset describing the mobility and the call patterns of a large number of individuals in Ivory Coast. We present a model that describes how diseases spread across the country by exploiting mobility patterns of people extracted from the available data. Then, we simulate several epidemics scenarios and we evaluate mechanisms to contain the epidemic spreading of diseases, based on the information about people mobility and social ties, also gathered from the phone call data. More specifically, we find that restricting mobility does not delay the occurrence of an endemic state and that an information campaign based on one-to-one phone conversations among members of social groups might be an effective countermeasure.
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with transcatheter arterial embolization. Analysis of prognostic factors (1994)

Treatment of HCC with TAE is well indicated regardless of tumor size for patients with nonadvanced liver cirrhosis and uninodular tumors. Alternatively, treatment of HCC with TAE alone is still insufficient in patients with multinodular tumors. Other treatment modalities in combination with TAE should be considered to achieve a more favorable prognosis of these patients.
New hydrate formation methods in a liquid-gas medium (2017)

Conceptually new methods of hydrate formation are proposed. The first one is based on the shock wave impact on a water-bubble medium. It is shown that the hydrate formation rate in this process is typically very high. A gas hydrate of carbon dioxide was produced. The process was experimentally studied using various initial conditions, as well as different external action magnitudes. The obtained experimental data are in good agreement with the proposed model. Other methods are based on the process of boiling liquefied gas in an enclosed volume of water (explosive boiling of a hydrating agent and the organization of cyclic boiling-condensation process). The key features of the methods are the high hydrate formation rate combined with a comparatively low power consumption leading to a great expected efficiency of the technologies based on them. The set of experiments was carried out. Gas hydrates of refrigerant R134a, carbon dioxide and propane were produced. The investigation of decomposition of a generated gas hydrate sample was made. The criteria of intensification of the hydrate formation process are formulated.
Plasma levels of beta-carotene, lycopene, canthaxanthin, retinol, and alpha- and tau-tocopherol in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. (1996)

Epidemiological studies continue to identify an association of dietary antioxidant micronutrients in cancer prevention. A number of case-control and cohort studies have demonstrated a relationship between high intake of foods rich in carotenoids, tocopherols, and vitamin C with a reduced risk of certain human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative plasma levels of a profile of known dietary antioxidants, namely, beta-carotene, lycopene, canthaxanthin, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and tau-tocopherol. The target population was women with a histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and a control group. All women resided in the same catchment area (Bronx Borough, New York City) and were of similar inner-city socioeconomic backgrounds representing a fairly homogenous population group. A cross-sectional sample of 235 women was recruited with informed consent. Plasma nutrient levels were measured by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography under study codes. The mean plasma levels of carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin), as well as alpha-tocopherol, were significantly lower in women with CIN and cervical cancer. In contrast, the mean plasma level of tau-tocopherol was higher among patients with CIN, while the mean plasma level of retinol was comparable among the groups. There were significant linear trends for all three carotenoids and quadratic trends for alpha- and tau-tocopherol with the degree of cervical histopathology. Plasma beta-carotene concentrations in cigarette smokers were significantly lower regardless of cervical pathology, whereas plasma lycopene and canthaxanthin levels were significantly lower in smokers with CIN. The findings of a decrease in all plasma antioxidant nutrient levels except tau-tocopherol in women with CIN and cancer suggest a potential role for antioxidant deficiency in the pathogenesis of CIN and carcinoma of the cervix, which requires further investigation.
Dual function of a high-contrast hydrophobic–hydrophilic coating for enhanced stability of perovskite solar cells in extremely humid environments (2017)

In spite of a continuous increase in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and an economically viable fabrication process, organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) pose a significant problem when used in practical applications: They show fast degradation of the PCE when exposed to very humid environments. In this study, the stability of PSCs under very humid conditions is greatly enhanced by coating the surface of the PSC devices with a multi-layer film consisting of ultrahydrophobic and relatively hydrophilic layers. A hydrophobic composite of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyurethane (PU), and SiO2 nanoparticles successfully retards the water molecules from very humid surroundings. Also, the hydrophilic layer with moderately PMMA captures the residual moisture within the perovskite layer; subsequently, the perovskite layer recovers. This dual function of the coating film keeps the PCE of PSCs at 17.3% for 180 min when exposed to over 95% humidity.
System-Level Power Loss Sensitivity to Various Control Variables in Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives (2013)

Vector-controlled induction motor drives include several design and control variables that affect power losses. Flux may be weakened to reduce machine losses; switching and conduction losses in the inverter are affected by the flux ripple and current hysteresis bands. This paper combines the machine and inverter to investigate the effects of various control variables on the total system power loss. Both indirect field-oriented control and direct torque control are evaluated. Power losses considered include semiconductor switching and conduction losses and machine core and copper losses. Magnetic saturation is taken into account. A 1.5-hp system is simulated and experimentally tested to find minimum-loss operating points for various control variable combinations. Experimental results show that the operating point for minimum system-level power loss is slightly different from that for minimum machine power loss, but both can yield significant energy savings. The results presented here suggest that, for efficient system operation, control aspects should be utilized and integrated into motor drive designs.
Neotendon formation induced by manipulation of the Smad8 signalling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells (2006)

Tissue regeneration requires the recruitment of adult stem cells and their differentiation into mature committed cells. In this study we describe what we believe to be a novel approach for tendon regeneration based on a specific signalling molecule, Smad8, which mediates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into tendon-like cells. A biologically active Smad8 variant was transfected into an MSC line that coexpressed the osteogenic gene bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The engineered cells demonstrated the morphological characteristics and gene expression profile of tendon cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, following implantation in an Achilles tendon partial defect, the engineered cells were capable of inducing tendon regeneration demonstrated by double quantum filtered MRI. The results indicate what we believe to be a novel mechanism in which Smad8 inhibits the osteogenic pathway in MSCs known to be induced by BMP2 while promoting tendon differentiation. These findings may have considerable importance for the therapeutic replacement of tendons or ligaments and for engineering other tissues in which BMP plays a pivotal developmental role.
Characterisation of the urease from Helicobacter pylori and comparison with the ureases from related spiral gastric bacteria (1991)

The urease enzyme of Helicobacter pylori was partially purified from whole cell extracts and found to have a molecular weight of 484 ± 12 kDa. Ten monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against four different epitopes of the native enzyme. These mAbs also recognised the ureases of H. pylori-like organisms isolated from monkeys and pigs and the H. mustelae urease from ferrets. The urease enzymes of each of these organisms were found to be of the same molecular weight. The urease enzyme of H. pylori consisted of two subunits of 68.2 and 31.3 kDa.
A survey of attitude sensors for spacecraft (1967)

Spacecraft attitude sensors design and operational features - horizon scanners, solar sensors, star trackers, space sextants, and map matchers
Improved growth and viability of lactobacilli in the presence of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>(<i>natto</i>), catalase, or subtilisin (2000)

In an effort to demonstrate the potential usefulness of Bacillus subtilis (natto) as a probiotic, we examined the effect of this organism on the growth of three strains of lactobacilli co-cultured aerobically in vitro. Addition of B. subtilis (natto) to the culture medium resulted in an increase in the number of viable cells of all lactobacilli tested. Since B. subtilis (natto) can produce catalase, which has been reported to exhibit a similar growth-promoting effect on lactobacilli, we also examined the effect of bovine catalase on the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri JCM 1112 and L. acidophilus JCM 1132. Both catalase and B. subtilis (natto) enhanced the growth of L. reuteri JCM 1112, whereas B. subtilis (natto) but not catalase enhanced the growth of L. acidophilus JCM 1132. In a medium containing 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide, its toxic effect on L. reuteri JCM 1112 was abolished by catalase or B. subtilis (natto). In addition, a serine protease from B. licheniformis, subtilisin, improved the growth and viability of L. reuteri JCM 1112 and L. acidophilus JCM 1132 in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that B. subtilis (natto) enhances the growth and (or) viability of lactobacilli, possibly through production of catalase and subtilisin.
Inflammatory bowel disease: A survey of the epidemiology in Asia (2009)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been considered a disease that affects predominantly a Western population. The incidence and prevalence rates from Asian populations are much lower in comparison. More recent data, however, have shown significantly higher rates in Asians and time trend studies have shown an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and a similar but lower rise in Crohn's disease (CD). The epidemiological changes that are taking place mirror that of the Western experience seen 50 years previously and seem to occur in parallel with the rapid socioeconomic development taking place in Asia. It appears that certain racial groups are more prone than others to develop IBD. For instance, Indians in South-East Asia have higher rates compared to Chinese and Malays. While there is host genetic predisposition, environmental factor(s) may be responsible for this difference. Migrant studies of South Asians in the UK, where second-generation immigrants have assumed incidence rates as high as the indigenous whites and Asian Jews who develop high incidence rates comparable to Jews from Europe or North America in Israel point to the role of environmental factors. It is unclear which specific factors are responsible. Studies have suggested a change in diet to a more Westernized one may underlie this epidemiological change in the Asian population. It is likely that there are racial groups amongst Asians who are more susceptible to IBD and who will demonstrate a higher frequency of IBD when exposed to putative environmental factors.
A randomized QoS routing algorithm on networks with inaccurate link-state information (2002)

The quality of network services is directly affected by QoS routing algorithms, and QoS routing algorithms rely heavily on network state information specifying the resource availability at network nodes and links. In practice, the network state information is not always accurate because it does not update in time. This paper proposes a randomized QoS routing algorithm on networks with inaccurate link-state information, and develops a simulation environment. Our algorithm reduces computational cost and protocol overhead. Experimental tests demonstrate that our algorithm performs very well in practice.
An improved preparation of a Grignard reagent (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved preparation of a Grignard reagentTimothy S. Eckert Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 2, 179Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1987Published inissue 1 February 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064p179RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6305Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (721 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Comparing shape and texture features for pattern recognition in simulation data (2005)

Shape and texture features have been used for some time for pattern recognition in datasets such as remote sensed imagery, medical imagery, photographs, etc. In this paper, we investigate shape and texture features for pattern recognition in simulation data. In particular, we explore which features are suitable for characterizing regions of interest in images resulting from fluid mixing simulations. Three texture features -- gray level co-occurrence matrices, wavelets, and Gabor filters -- and two shape features -- geometric moments and the angular radial transform -- are compared. The features are evaluated using a similarity retrieval framework. Our preliminary results indicate that Gabor filters perform the best among the texture features and the angular radial transform performs the best among the shape features. The feature which performs the best overall is dependent on how the groundtruth dataset is created.
A Bifunctional 2D Interlayered β‐Cu<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Zn<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (CZVO) Heterojunction for Solar‐Driven Nonsacrificial Dye Degradation and Water Oxidation (2021)

Investigating novel materials with controlled morphology for solar‐driven conversions is the foremost research emphasis in applied sciences. In continuation of those efforts, we report the unique synthesis of a novel trimetallic β‐Cu 2 V 2 O 7 /Zn 2 V 2 O 6 (CZVO) hybrid with controlled morphology. The trimetallic CZVO demonstrates a bifunctional, non‐sacrificial photoresponse in the cases of 1) photocatalytic degradation using methylene blue (MB) as a model dye; and 2) photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of CZVO confirmed Type‐(I) heterojunction formation between β‐Cu 2 V 2 O 7 (CVO) and Zn 2 V 2 O 6 (ZVO). After visible light exposure (65 min), CZVO‐opt (1 wt% CVO: 5 wt% ZVO) demonstrated the highest photodegradation, while the CZVO‐opt photoanode delivered the highest photocurrent density ( I ph ) of 1.78 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE , almost 3.11 and 1.55 times more than CVO ( I ph = 0.57 mA cm −2 ) and ZVO ( I ph = 1.15 mA cm −2 ) photoanodes, respectively. The CZVO‐opt photoanode harvested the most solar energy in terms of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE 320 nm = 37.93%). The significant improvement in the CZVO‐opt performance can be attributed to the firm contact and uniform distribution of ZVO NPs over CVO interlayered nanosheets, which leads to adequate solar absorption and facile charge transport through a Type‐(I) heterojunction with suppresses charge recombination.
Cholesteric gels formed by LC molecules and their use in optical storage (1993)

Abstract Two-component liquid crystalline (LC) mixtures containing LC diacrylates and chiral molecules with no reactive groups were made. Upon photopolymerization of the mixtures cholestric networks containing LC molecules which were not chemically attached to the networks were created. By heating, molecules which were not chemically attached to the network could be removed leaving behind a three dimensional network with a helical structure containing no chiral molecules and changed optical properties. The changes in the optical properties of the system could also be induced locally using a laser beam, demonstrating the possibility of using the method for optical storage.