gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new O(n log n) scheduling heuristic for parallel decomposition of sparse matrices (2002)

The problem of sparse matrix decomposition using distributed memory multiprocessors is addressed. The data partitioning scheme is simple and is based on equalizing the load among the processors. A new O(n log n) task scheduling heuristic with provably deadlock-free properties is presented. The key idea is the ordering of nodes in a task graph that represents the matrix decomposition steps in a levelized manner, based on a new measure, delta the remaining completion time. The method tends to minimize the idle time of processors by revising the overall decomposition schedule by permitting the execution of tasks within these idle periods. For large sparse matrices, the analysis and simulation results show that a multiprocessor with even a small number of processors will exceed the performance of a supercomputer like the Cray X-MP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Received Signal Strength Database Interpolation by Kriging for a Wi-Fi Indoor Positioning System (2015)

The main approach for a Wi-Fi indoor positioning system is based on the received signal strength (RSS) measurements, and the fingerprinting method is utilized to determine the user position by matching the RSS values with the pre-surveyed RSS database. To build a RSS fingerprint database is essential for an RSS based indoor positioning system, and building such a RSS fingerprint database requires lots of time and effort. As the range of the indoor environment becomes larger, labor is increased. To provide better indoor positioning services and to reduce the labor required for the establishment of the positioning system at the same time, an indoor positioning system with an appropriate spatial interpolation method is needed. In addition, the advantage of the RSS approach is that the signal strength decays as the transmission distance increases, and this signal propagation characteristic is applied to an interpolated database with the Kriging algorithm in this paper. Using the distribution of reference points (RPs) at measured points, the signal propagation model of the Wi-Fi access point (AP) in the building can be built and expressed as a function. The function, as the spatial structure of the environment, can create the RSS database quickly in different indoor environments. Thus, in this paper, a Wi-Fi indoor positioning system based on the Kriging fingerprinting method is developed. As shown in the experiment results, with a 72.2% probability, the error of the extended RSS database with Kriging is less than 3 dBm compared to the surveyed RSS database. Importantly, the positioning error of the developed Wi-Fi indoor positioning system with Kriging is reduced by 17.9% in average than that without Kriging.
Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries (2020)

Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries suffer from low energy density and do not meet the growing demands of the energy storage market. Therefore, building next-generation rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries with higher energy densities, better safety characteristics, lower cost and longer cycle life is of outmost importance. To achieve smaller and lighter next-generation rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries that can outperform commercial Li-ion batteries, several new energy storage chemistries are being extensively studied. In this review, we summarize the current trends and provide guidelines towards achieving this goal, by addressing batteries using high-voltage cathodes, metal fluoride electrodes, chalcogen electrodes, Li metal anodes, high-capacity anodes as well as useful electrolyte solutions. We discuss the choice of active materials, practically achievable energy densities and challenges faced by the respective battery systems. Furthermore, strategies to overcome remaining challenges for achieving energy characteristics are addressed in the hope of providing a useful and balanced assessment of current status and perspectives of rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries.
Structures Related to Morphine. XXIII.<sup>1</sup> Stereochemistry of 5,9-Dialkyl-6,7-benzomorphans (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures Related to Morphine. XXIII.1 Stereochemistry of 5,9-Dialkyl-6,7-benzomorphansS. Edward Fullerton, Everette L. May, and Edwin D. BeckerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 6, 2144–2147Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01053a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01053a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preliminary Plume Characterization of a Low-Power Hall Thruster Cluster (2002)

In an effort to understand the technical issues related to running multiple Hall effect thrusters in close proximity to each other, testing of a cluster of four Busek BHT-200-X3 devices has begun in Chamber 6 at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Preliminary measurements have shown that the variations in the discharge currents of the four thrusters are synchronized, possibly due to cross talk through the thruster plumes. Measurements of plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential in the thruster plumes obtained using a triple Langmuir probe are presented. Anomalously high electron temperatures were recorded along the centerline of each thruster. Collisionless, magnetosonic shock waves induced by the ion-ion two-stream instability are proposed as a possible cause of the high temperatures. The unperturbed ion velocity distribution along the centerline of a Hall thruster is shown to be unstable and a simple geometric model is presented to illustrate the qualitative changes in plasma properties expected across the proposed shock. Estimates using this model show that relatively large changes in electron temperature are consistent with small changes in electron number density across a shock. Qualitative arguments are presented indicating that collisionless shocks are unlikely to form as a result of clustering multiple thrusters.
Immobilization of Human Carbonic Anhydrase on Gold Nanoparticles Assembled onto Amine/Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 for Biomimetic Sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> (2011)

A biocatalyst was synthesized by immobilizing human carbonic anhydrase onto gold nanoparticles assembled over amine/thiol-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15. The physicochemical properties of the functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 were obtained by XRD, BET, FE SEM, HR TEM, EDS, and zeta potential analysis. The biocatalytic performance was studied for para-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) hydrolysis. The kinetic parameters K(m) were found to be 22.35 and 27.75 mM, and K(cat)/K(m) values were 1514.09 and 1612.25 M(-1) s(-1) for HCA immobilized on gold nanoparticles assembled on amine/thiol-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 (HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15), respectively. These HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 were investigated for biocatalytic hydration of CO(2) and its precipitation as CaCO(3). The amount of CaCO(3) precipitated over HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 was nearly the same as that precipitated over free HCA. Storage stability and reusability studies suggested that HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 retained its activity even after 20 days storage at 25 °C and 20 recycling runs. The present results demonstrate that HCA/Au/MPTES/SBA-15 and HCA/Au/APTES/SBA-15 are highly efficient potential nanobiocatalysts for industrial-scale CO(2) sequestration.
The Importance of Reendothelialization After Arterial Injury (2007)

Atherosclerosis is still the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and although a significant progress has been made in the understanding of its pathophysiology, the determinants of atherosclerotic plaque instability are still poorly understood. The endothelium plays a pivotal role for the development, progression, and complication of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is widely recognized as one of the early alteration in the vessel wall preceding the development of the plaque. However, considering the plethora of vascular functions which are regulated by endothelium, it plays a pivotal role throughout the atherosclerotic process and indeed the loss of endothelial cells, leading to plaque denudation, is one of the main causes of plaque complication. It is therefore conceivable that the maintenance of the endothelial layer physical continuity and function is crucial for the prevention of atherosclerosis. In the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial cells are continuously injured and repaired by the proliferation of resident cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Indeed the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells has been identified as an predictor of cardiovascular events. The increase in bone marrow release of endogenous progenitor cells or the enhancement of their homing in arterial denuded sites or in intravascular stent surface, are currently pursued to reduce atherosclerosis development/complication and intrastent restenosis, respectively. However, some challenges may arise from procedures enhancing endothelialization, including unwanted angiogenesis which may favor neoplasia progression and paradoxically atherosclerotic plaque expansion and complication.
Readability Changes in Employee Handbooks of Identical Companies During a Fifteen-Year Period (1968)

This study, by a well-known student of the subject, presents a comparison of the readability changes in employee handbooks since Flescli first heightened interest in the subject in 1949. It appears that there has been some improvement in the read ability of employee handbooks, although much is still left to be desired. Interestingly, the firms which had the most read able handbooks in 1949 also had the most readable ones in 1964. This article is printed with the permission of Personnel Psychology, in which it will appear this Winter.
Generating and identifying optical orbital angular momentum with silicon photonic circuits (2014)

Here, we propose and demonstrate a silicon nanophotonic phased array that is capable of generating light carrying optical orbital angular momentum (OAM). Optical beams carrying different orbital angular momenta have been generated. In addition, the generated OAM wavefronts are experimentally identified by interfering with another on-chip generated Gaussian beam, opening up opportunities of integrating conventional optical systems and functionalities on to a silicon chip.
Efficient laser diode to single-mode fiber coupling using a combination of two lenses in confocal condition (1981)

A new coupling method of a laser diode to a single-mode fiber is described. It consists of a spherical ruby lens and a graded index (GRIN) rod lens positioned under a confocal condition. A high coupling efficiency of more than 40 percent has been easily obtained for InGaAsP laser diodes. Alignment sensitivities of the proposed coupling circuit have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The dependence of the coupling efficiency on misalignments has been found to be in agreement with the theoretical consideration, and it has been apparent that the stringent alignment tolerances required for conventional coupling methods have been overcome. A laser diode module using the proposed circuit was also fabricated with high coupling efficiency into the single-mode fiber, and good reproducibility and performance have been obtained.
Review: Occupational risks for voice problems (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a cohesive review of the literature regarding the functional consequences of voice problems and occupational risk factors for them. The salient points are as follows. According to conservative estimates, approximately 28,000,000 workers in the US experience daily voice problems. Many people who experience voice problems perceive them to have a negative impact on their work and their quality of life. Estimates based on empirical data suggest that, considering only lost work days and treatment expenses, the societal cost of voice problems in teachers alone may be of the order of about $2.5 billion annually in the US. In fact, across several countries, "teacher" consistently emerges as the common occupation most likely to seek otorhinolaryngological (ORL) evaluation for a voice problem. Other occupational categories likely to seek ORL examination for a voice problem are singer, counselor/social worker, lawyer, and clergy. Finally, US Census data indicate that keyboard operators may be at special risk for voice problems because of a near-epidemic growth of repetitive strain injury (RSI), which can adversely affect the voice especially when speech recognition software is implemented. This paper discusses frequency data, quality of life data, and treatment considerations for these voice-related occupational issues.
Automated Sperm Immobilization for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (2011)

Sperm immobilization is a requisite step in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Conventionally, sperm immobilization is performed manually, which entails long training hours and stringent skills. Manual sperm immobilization also has the limitation of low success rates and poor reproducibility due to human fatigue and skill variations across operators. This paper presents a system for fully automated sperm immobilization to eliminate limitations in manual operation. Integrating computer vision and motion control algorithms, the automated system is able to visually track a sperm and control a micropipette to immobilize the sperm. A robust sperm tail tracking algorithm is developed to locate the optimal position on the sperm tail for sperm immobilization. The system demonstrates: 1) an average sperm tail tracking error of 0.95 μm; 2) a sperm tail visual tracking success rate of 96%; 3) a sperm immobilization success rate of 88.2% (based on 1000 trials); and 4) a speed of 6-7 s per successful immobilization.
Articular disorders of the hip (1990)

1Resident, Diagnostic Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis. Missouri 2Associate Professor of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Securing electronic mail on the national research and academic network of Italy (2006)

This review provides a summary of the existing literature on a crucial raw material for the production of isotopically pure semiconductors, which are essential for the development of second-generation quantum systems. Silicon-28-tetrafluoride (<sup>28</sup>SiF<sub>4</sub>) is used as an educt for several isotope-engineered chemicals, such as silane-28 (<sup>28</sup>SiH<sub>4</sub>) and silicon-28-trichloride (<sup>28</sup>SiHCl<sub>3</sub>), which are needed in the pursuit of various quantum technologies. We are exploring the entire chain from the synthesis of <sup>28</sup>SiF<sub>4</sub> to quantum applications. This includes the chemical properties of SiF<sub>4</sub>, isotopic enrichment, conversion to silanes, conversion to bulk <sup>28</sup>Si and thin films, the physical properties of <sup>28</sup>Si (spin neutrality, thermal conductivity, optical properties), and the applications in quantum computing, photonics, and quantum sensing techniques.
The experimental and theoretical aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoil sections suitable for remotely piloted vehicles (1984)

Using the design requirements of Remotely Piloted\nVehicles\n(RPV's), selected for wind tunnel\ntesting over\nthe\nReynolds number range 3 x 105 to 1 x 106. The first\naerofoil, NACA\n643-418, showed a degradation of\nperformance in terms of\nlift-to-drag ratio as the Reynolds\nnumber was reduced. There was also a laminar\nseparation\nbubble of notable extent on both the\nupper and lower\nsurfaces at most incidences\nthroughout the Reynolds number\nrange.\nThe second\naerofoil, Göttingen 797, had good\nperformance in terms of\nlift-to-drag ratio and maximum\nlift\ncoefficient, even at the lowest\nReynolds number.\nThis was attributed to the flat bottom of the\naerofoil,\nwhich allowed the formation of extensive laminar flow on\nthe lower surface without the formation of a laminar\nseparation bubble.\nThe third\naerofoil, Wortmann FX63-137, generally\nexhibited the best\naerodynamic performance in terms of\nmaximum values of both\nlift-to-drag ratio and lift\ncoefficient, throughout the Reynolds number range considered.\nFour alternative lower surface\ngeometries for this aerofoil\nwere also tested. The modifications reduced the\nmaximum values of both the lift coefficient and lift-to-\ndrag ratio of the original aerofoil throughout the\nReynolds number range, but generally improved the lift-to-drag\nratios at low values of lift coefficient. The notable\nexception was the modification which resulted in a flat\nbottomed section. This had maximum values of\nlift-to-drag\nratio which were within a few\npercent of those of the\noriginal aerofoil throughout the Reynolds number range.\nWind tunnel results were used to evaluate\nlow-speed\naerofoil\nanalysis computer programs written by Eppler and\nSomers (13) and Van Ingen (18). The results were\ndisappointing. However, using the same wind tunnel\nresults it was noted that\ncomputer programs using semi-inverse\nviscous methods show\ngreat promise.
Detection criteria for evaluation of computer aided diagnosis systems (2002)

Many evaluation criteria can be used to measure the performance of a detection algorithm. Here, the authors examine the effect they have on the outcome. Two main choices are addressed: the size of the annotated region, and the criterion to decide if such a region is detected. The detection program the authors use automatically detects stellate lesions in digital mammograms. The authors show that both the size of the annotated region as well as the criterion for detection have an effect on the FROG curve. For fair comparison between systems, the chosen criteria should be the same, particularly at low specificity levels.
Rocaglates Induce Gain-of-Function Alterations to eIF4A and eIF4F (2020)

Rocaglates are a diverse family of biologically active molecules that have gained tremendous interest in recent years due to their promising activities in pre-clinical cancer studies. As a result, this family of compounds has been significantly expanded through the development of efficient synthetic schemes. However, it is unknown whether all of the members of the rocaglate family act through similar mechanisms of action. Here, we present a comprehensive study comparing the biological activities of >200 rocaglates to better understand how the presence of different chemical entities influences their biological activities. Through this, we find that most rocaglates preferentially repress the translation of mRNAs containing purine-rich 5' leaders, but certain rocaglates lack this bias in translation repression. We also uncover an aspect of rocaglate mechanism of action in which the pool of translationally active eIF4F is diminished due to the sequestration of the complex onto RNA.
IdeS (Imlifidase): A Novel Agent That Cleaves Human IgG and Permits Successful Kidney Transplantation Across High-strength Donor-specific Antibody (2018)

IdeS may represent a groundbreaking new method of desensitization for patients who otherwise might have no hope for receiving a lifesaving transplant.
Performance models of correlators with random and systematic phase errors (1995)

Hybrid correlators are composed of numerous nonideal electronic and optical components that, to one degree or another, limit performance through unintended transformations of signals. Many of these eftects show up as phase errors at a spatial light modulator (SLM) plane. The errors can be described as random variables, or as systematic offsets from the correct phases, as appropriate. Sources of systematic phase errors include quantizing circuits, incorrect or nonlinear amplifier gain, limited range phase modulators and residual phase modulation of amplitude-mostly SLMs. Random phase errors arise from electronic noise and fabrication variations of SLMs. Several systematic and random filter plane errors are related through a single parameter that describes the amount of phase mismatch. A model of peak-to-noise ratio (PNR) is also presented that describes the combined effects of random and systematic errors. This expression contains the products of two functions, one that depends only on systematic, the other on random, phase mismatch. PNR is also a function of the number of pixels in the filter plane modulator and a normalized moment of the amplitude of the image spectrum. The model is useful for developing phase error budgets for correlation systems.
Propagating conformational changes over long (and short) distances in proteins (2001)

The problem of the propagation of conformational changes over long distances or through a closely packed protein is shown to fit a model of a ligand-induced conformational change between two protein states selected by evolution. Moreover, the kinetics of the pathway between these states is also selected so that the energy of ligand binding and the speed of the transition between conformational states are physiologically appropriate. The crystallographic data of a wild-type aspartate receptor that has negative cooperativity and a mutant that has no cooperativity but has native transmembrane signaling are shown to support this model.
Assessment of the anti-inflammatory action of calcium dobesilate. Effect on macrophages attaching to subcutaneously implanted coverslips in guinea pigs. (1990)

Calcium dobesilate (Doxium) has been shown to significantly reduce the attachment of activated and quiescent macrophages to subcutaneously implanted coverslips in guinea pigs. Since the implanted coverslips represent an inflammatory stimulus and macrophages have a dominant role in inflammation it suggests that calcium dobesilate may have a pronounced anti-inflammatory action. It is speculated that calcium dobesilate may do this by reducing the number of circulating monocytes, by blocking the action of macrophage activating factors or more likely by stimulating a more rapid production of host macrophage deactivating factors such as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) beta 1 and 2.
A very short introduction (2012)

Abstract ‘A very short introduction’ establishes the date of the Maga Carta (1215), the meaning of the title (‘the Great Charter’), and the document's purpose. The first Magna Carta began life as a peace treaty between King John and his rebellious barons but it was rewritten several times in the first ten years of its existence. Magna Carta is only one sheet of smoothed sheepskin paper inscribed with 4,000 words of medieval Latin. Magna Carta is perceived to signal the beginning of the codification of English law but it did not — Magna Carta contained sixty clauses — only four of which were still in use by the 1980s.