gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation. Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Virgin Olive Oil and the Phenolic Compound Oleocanthal (2011)

Chronic inflammation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disease states including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, degenerative joint diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic inflammatory states are poorly understood, however it is known that dietary habits can evoke or attenuate inflammatory responses. Popular methods to deal with inflammation and its associated symptoms involve the use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however the use of these drugs are associated with severe side effects. Therefore, investigations concerned with natural methods of inflammatory control are warranted. A traditional Mediterranean diet has been shown to confer some protection against the pathology of chronic diseases through the attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators and this has been partially attributed to the high intake of virgin olive oil accompanying this dietary regime. Virgin olive oil contains numerous phenolic compounds that exert potent anti-inflammatory actions. Of interest to this paper is the recently discovered phenolic compound oleocanthal. Oleocanthal is contained in virgin olive oil and possesses similar anti-inflammatory properties to ibuprofen. This pharmacological similarity has provoked interest in oleocanthal and the few studies conducted thus far have verified its anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic actions. A review of the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet and anti-inflammatory properties of virgin olive oil is presented with the additional emphasis on the pharmacological and anti-inflammatory properties of the phenolic compound oleocanthal.
Whose cache line is it anyway? (2013)

As hardware parallelism continues to increase, CPU caches can no longer be considered as a transparent, hardware-level performance optimization. Cache impact on performance, in particular in the face of false sharing, is completely dependent on the software that is executing. To effectively support parallel workloads on cache coherent hardware, the operating system must begin to treat the CPU cache like other shared hardware resources, and manage it appropriately.
[Assessment of renal function using low doses of paramagnetic contrast media]. (1995)

Dynamic MR techniques with Gd-DTPA bolus administration can be used to study renal perfusion and function. In previous studies, the concentration of Gd-DTPA injected was never lower than 0.1 mmol/kg: as a result, depending on the magnetic susceptibility effect, renal signal intensity reduced in the early phases, right after contrast agent injection. To prevent signal intensity from reducing in the early phases, in our study we used a concentration of 0.05 mmol/kg. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed. Seven healthy subjects and 14 patients with different degrees of renal insufficiency were enrolled in the study. All exams were performed using an 0.5-T magnet (Philips Gyroscan T5, II), with 15 mT/m gradient power. Signal intensity measurements at the cortical, external medullary and internal medullary levels, allowed the drawing of curves typical of each degree of renal insufficiency which correlated well with nuclear medicine (scintigraphy) findings. The qualitative evaluation provided results comparable with scintigraphic findings in all 7 normal subjects, in 3 of 4 cases of moderate renal insufficiency, in all 7 cases of moderate/severe renal insufficiency and in the only case of severe renal insufficiency. To conclude, this trial demonstrates the feasibility of MR studies of renal function, which provide morphological and functional pieces of information. Low concentration Gd-DTPA is decisive to avoid the magnetic susceptibility artifacts observed in previous studies.
Synthese und pharmakologische Wirkung einiger Thiosemicarbazone von 8‐Hydroxychinolin‐Derivaten (1956)

Abstract Mit dem 8‐Hydroxychinolin als Grundkörper wurden einige neue Thiosemicarbazon‐Derivate hergestellt und auf ihre tuberkulostatische Wirkung in vitro geprüft. Alle Thiosemicarbazone sind weniger wirksam als der Grundkörper. 4‐Methyl‐8‐benzyloxy‐chinolin, 8‐Benzyloxy‐chinolin‐4‐aldehyd‐thiosemicarbazon und 8‐Methoxyohinolin‐4‐aldehyd‐thiosemicarbazon dagegen sind durch eine sehr gute Wirkung in vitro charakterisiert.
Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by shaped metal deposition (2009)

Shaped metal deposition is a novel technique to build near net-shape components layer by layer by tungsten inert gas welding. Especially for complex shapes and small quantities, this technique can significantly lower the production cost of components by reducing the buy-to-fly ratio and lead time for production, diminishing final machining and preventing scrap. Tensile testing of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by shaped metal deposition shows that the mechanical properties are competitive to material fabricated by conventional techniques. The ultimate tensile strength is between 936 and 1014 MPa, depending on the orientation and location. Tensile testing vertical to the deposition layers reveals ductility between 14 and 21%, whereas testing parallel to the layers gives a ductility between 6 and 11%. Ultimate tensile strength and ductility are inversely related. Heat treatment within the α+β phase field does not change the mechanical properties, but heat treatment within the β phase field increases the ultimate tensile strength and decreases the ductility. The differences in ultimate tensile strength and ductility can be related to the α lath size and orientation of the elongated, prior β grains. The micro-hardness and Young's modulus are similar to conventional Ti-6Al-4V with low oxygen content.
Universal transport anomaly in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-type systems with reduced carrier density (1991)

A systematic study of the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$-type (1:2:3) compounds with various carrier densities has revealed a universal presence of an anomaly in the transport coefficients at around 120 K when the carrier number per copper is 0.10--0.15. A comparison with a similar anomaly reported in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ at a comparable carrier density (x=0.125) suggests that it is an inherent property of the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ plane. The transport anomaly consists of a decrease in the Hall coefficient and an upturn of the resistivity as the temperature is lowered below 120 K. It suggests the destruction of a part of the Fermi surface by gap formation. Possible origins of such Fermi-surface instabilities and other possibilities for the transport anomaly are discussed.
Proteomic Patterns of Preinvasive Bronchial Lesions (2005)

We found specific patterns of protein expression of the airway epithelium that accurately classify bronchial and alveolar tissue with normal histology from preinvasive bronchial lesions and from invasive lung cancer. Although further study is needed to validate this approach and to identify biomarkers of tumor development, this is a first step toward a new proteomic characterization of the human model of lung cancer tumorigenesis.
Three-week exposure of rodents to a neon enriched atmosphere. (1968)

Rodents exposure to neon enriched atmosphere for three weeks in sealed recycling system, discussing body weight pregnancies and litter
508 (2012)

Introduction: It is known that controlling blood glucose level is important in managing sepsis. In addition, experience indicates that cases of sepsis presenting with hypoglycemia at the time of admission have a poor outcome. However, severity of sepsis is generally evaluated using APACHE II or SOFA scores, but as these evaluations are complex, it is difficult to use them to determine a treatment plan once emergency and intensive care have begun. Our study investigated whether blood glucose level at admission could be used to predict mortality and severity in sepsis. Hypothesis: Septic cases presenting with hypoglycemia at admission are more severe and have a poorer outcome. Blood glucose level at admission is useful in predicting mortality and severity in sepsis. Methods: Our study targeted 513 patients admitted to Nihon University Itabashi Hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center with sepsis between January 2006 and December 2011. We investigated blood glucose concentration and APACHE II and SOFA scores at admission and in-ICU mortality.We defined hypoglycemia as serum glucose level <</span>80 mg/dl and hyperglycemia as?200 mg/dl.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to blood glucose concentration at admission (hypoglycemia, normoglycemia (80-199 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia). All clinical and laboratory data (including blood glucose level) were collected by the attending medical team immediately upon the patient’s admission. We defined sepsis as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) induced by infection. Results: Fifty-four patients (10.5%) indicated hypoglycemia at admission and experienced significantly higher in-hospital mortality than the other two groups (hypoglycemia vs. normoglycemia vs. hyperglycemia: 46.3% vs. 25.0% vs. 25.9%; p<0.01). APACHE II (27.3 ± 8.2 vs. 20.0 ± 8.2 vs. 23.3 ± 7.6, respectively; p<0.002) and SOFA scores (9.9 ± 3.9 vs. 7.6 ± 3.6 vs. 8.0 ± 3.5, respectively; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the hypoglycemia group. Conclusions: Septic cases presenting with hypoglycemia at admission are more severe and have a poorer outcome. Blood glucose level at admission is useful in predicting mortality and severity in sepsis.
A phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma (1990)

Sixteen previously treated (with only one prior regimen) patients with histologically proven metastatic or locally recurrent colorectal carcinoma were treated with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) administered by 30-minute i.v. infusions twice daily for 5 consecutive days every other week for 8 weeks. Patients received 100 micrograms/m2 twice daily on day 1 of cycle 1 with escalation to 150 micrograms/m2 twice daily thereafter. Patients were concomitantly treated with indomethacin 25 mg every 6 hours and acetaminophen 650 mg every 4 hours to obviate fever and chills. Toxicities included: nausea/vomiting (69%), headache (25%), chills (69%), pain at tumor sites (63%), hypotension (31%), and hypertension (38%). Hematologic toxicity included leukopenia less than 2000 cells/mm3 (38%) and thrombocytopenia less than 100,000 cells/mm3 (13%). Liver function abnormalities occurred independently of the site or extent of metastatic disease and inconsistently in each treatment cycle. Four patients developed bilirubinemia greater than 2.5 x baseline values (range, 2.5 to 10.3 U/L); five patients had greater than 2.5 x elevations in alkaline phosphatase (range, 624 to 1663 U/L). Two patients developed retinal vein thrombosis in the absence of hemostatic abnormalities. In both instances, this complication occurred several weeks after completion of therapy. No objective responses were noted in 14 evaluable patients (95% confidence interval: 0 to 0.23). Three patients had stable disease for a median duration of 4.5 months. In conclusion, i.v. rTNF at this dose and schedule has no demonstrable antitumor efficacy. Twice-daily i.v. administration of this agent is associated with more hepatotoxicity than previously reported in trials using subcutaneous or once daily i.v. administration. Retinal vein thrombosis may be a late complication of i.v. rTNF at this dose and schedule.
Externally Resonated Linear Microvibromotor for Microassembly (1998)

A new design of a linear micro vibromotor for on-substrate fine positioning of micro-scale components is presented where a micro linear slider is actuated by vibratory impacts exerted by micro cantilever impacters. These micro cantilever impacters are selectively resonated by shaking the entire substrate with a piezoelectric vibrator, requiring no need for built-in driving mechanisms such as electrostatic comb actuators as reported previously. This selective resonance of the micro cantilever impacters via an external vibration energy field provides with a very simple means of controlling forward and backward motion of the micro linear slider, facilitating assembly and disassembly of a micro component on a substrate. The double-V beam suspension design is employed in the micro cantilever impacters for larger displacement in the lateral direction while achieving higher sti#ness in the transversal direction. An analytical model of the device is derived in order to obtain, th...
Acid Emulsified in Xylene: A Cost-Effective Treatment To Remove Asphaltene Deposition and Enhance Well Productivity (2009)

Summary Emulsified acid (30 vol% diesel and 70 vol% HCl) has been used in both matrix and acid fracturing treatments. Injecting the acid in this form has several advantages including retarding the reaction of the acid with rock, reducing corrosion to well tubulars, and minimizing acid additives. However, using this acid to treat wells with asphaltene deposition requires removing asphaltene first using a suitable aromatic-based solvent, and then using a matrix acid treatment. This additional step increases the cost and time needed to execute acid treatments. To remove asphaltene deposition and enhance well productivity, hydrochloric acid was emulsified in xylene. Xylene was the external phase, and was used to dissolve asphaltenes. Then the acid as the dispersed phase dissolved the carbonate rock, enhancing well productivity. Extensive laboratory work was performed to ensure the stability of acid-in-xylene emulsion and measure its apparent viscosity. Acid concentration was 15 wt% HCl, the acid volume fraction was 0.7, and the balance was xylene with demulsifier. All tests were conducted at room temperature and 160°F (bottomhole temperature). The stability and apparent viscosity of emulsified acids were found to be a function of the type of hydrocarbon phase used to prepare the emulsified acid. Emulsified acids prepared with xylene had a lower apparent viscosity and were stable for relatively shorter times. A matrix acid treatment based on xylene-emulsified acid was applied in four wells without encountering operational problems. Unlike previous matrix acid treatments using regular acids, the four wells responded to the new treatment without increasing water cut, except in one well that was wet before the treatment.
The binding site for ribosomal protein S8 in 16S rRNA and<i>spc</i>mRNA from<i>Escherichia coli</i>: minimum structural requirements and the effects of single bulged bases on S8 — RNA interaction (1994)

Through specific interactions with rRNA and mRNA, ribosomal protein S8 of Escherichia coli plays a central role in both assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit and translational regulation of spc operon expression. To better understand S8-RNA association, we have measured the affinity of S8 for a number of variants of its rRNA and mRNA binding sites prepared by in vitro transcription or chemical synthesis. With the aid of site-directed deletions, we demonstrate that an imperfect, 33-nucleotide helical stem encompassing nucleotides 588-603 and 635-651 possesses all of the structural information necessary for specific binding of S8 to the 16S rRNA. This segment consists of two short duplexes that enclose a conserved, asymmetric internal loop which contains features crucial for protein recognition. The S8 binding site in spc operon mRNA is very similar in both primary and secondary structure to that in 16S rRNA except for the presence of two single bulged bases in one of the duplex segments. In addition, the apparent association constant for the S8-mRNA interaction is approximately fivefold less than that for the S8-rRNA interaction. We show that the difference in affinity can be attributed to the effects of the bulged bases. Deletion of the bulged bases from the mRNA site increases its affinity for S8 to a level similar to that of the rRNA, whereas insertion of single-base bulges at equivalent positions within the rRNA site reduces its affinity for S8 to a value typical of the mRNA. Single-base bulges in the proximity of essential recognition features are therefore capable of modulating the strength of protein-RNA interactions.
RCC complex now cornerstone of Ashland refinery (1984)

Performance of the first grassroots RCC process unit during its initial 1 1/2 years of operation at Ashland's principal refinery at Catlettsburg, Ky., has confirmed the commercial viability and process advantages of this new technology for heavy oil conversion. The unit has successfully processed untreated atmospheric residuum having Ramsbottom carbon content as high as 7.1 wt%, and metals contamination up to 70 ppm nickel plus vanadium into high yields of transportation and distillate fuels and other light products. The startup of this 40,000 b/d facility in March 1983 brought to fruition nearly 8 years of diligent process development and a 3-year accelerated engineering and construction program. The commercial unit was expressly designed and built to exploit process, hardware, and catalyst innovations flowing from the development effort and demonstrated to be especially applicable to converting long resids. The unit has generally met and exceeded technical expectations.
Transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells by miRNA mimics that target gene promoters (2011)

Synthetic small duplex RNAs that are fully complementary to gene promoters can silence transcription in mammalian cells. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small regulatory RNAs that sequence specifically regulate gene expression. We have developed a computational method to identify potential miRNA target sites within gene promoters. Ten candidate miRNAs predicted to target the human progesterone receptor (PR) gene promoter were tested for their ability to modulate gene expression. Several miRNA mimics inhibited PR gene expression and miR-423-5p, which targets a highly conserved region of the PR promoter, was chosen for detailed analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the miR-423-5p mimic decreased RNA polymerase II occupancy and increased histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) at the PR promoter, indicative of chromatin-level silencing. Transcriptional silencing was transient, independent of DNA methylation, and associated with recruitment of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcript that overlaps the PR gene promoter. The miR-423-5p mimic also silenced expression of immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1), an additional gene with a predicted target site within its promoter. While additional investigations of endogenous miRNA function will be necessary, these observations suggest that recognition of gene promoters by miRNAs may be a natural and general mechanism for regulating gene transcription.
Ligand-dependent recruitment of the Arnt coregulator determines DNA recognition by the dioxin receptor. (1993)

The intracellular basic region/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) dioxin receptor mediates signal transduction by dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and functions as a ligand-activated DNA binding protein directly interacting with target genes by binding to dioxin response elements. Here we show that the partially purified, ligand-bound receptor alone could not bind target DNA. In contrast, DNA binding by the receptor could be induced by addition of a cytosolic auxiliary activity which functionally and biochemically corresponded to the bHLH factor Arnt. While Arnt exhibited no detectable affinity for the dioxin response element in the absence of the dioxin receptor, it strongly promoted the DNA binding function of the ligand-activated but not the ligand-free receptor forms. Arnt also functionally reconstituted in vitro the DNA binding activity of a mutant, nuclear translocation-deficient dioxin receptor phenotype in cytosolic extracts from a dioxin-resistant hepatoma cell line. Importantly, coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Arnt physically interacted in solution with the ligand-activated dioxin receptor but failed to heterodimerize with the ligand-free, hsp90-associated receptor form. Mutational analysis suggested that the functional interaction between these two factors occurred via the bHLH motif of Arnt. These data suggest that dioxin receptor activity is governed by a complex pattern of combinatorial regulation involving repression by hsp90 and then by ligand-dependent recruitment of the positive coregulator Arnt. The dioxin receptor system also provides the first example of signal-controlled dimerization of bHLH factors.
Molecular cloning of human chondromodulin‐I, a cartilage‐derived growth modulating factor, and its expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1999)

Bovine chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) purified from fetal cartilage stimulated the matrix synthesis of chondrocytes, and inhibited the growth of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The human counterpart of this bovine growth regulating factor has not been identified. We report here the cloning of human ChM-I precursor cDNA and its functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We first identified a genomic DNA fragment which encoded the N-terminus of the ChM-I precursor, and then isolated human ChM-I cDNA from chondrosarcoma tissue by PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that mature human ChM-I consists of 120 amino acids. In total, 16 amino acid residues were substituted in the human sequence, compared to the bovine counterpart. Almost of all the substitutions were found in the N-terminal hydrophilic domain. In the C-terminal hydrophobic domain (from Phe42 to Val120), the amino acid sequence was identical except for Tyr90, indicating a functional significance of the domain. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization indicated a specific expression of ChM-I mRNA in cartilage. We also successfully determined the cartilage-specific localization of ChM-I protein, using a specific antibody against recombinant human ChM-I. Multiple transfection of the precursor cDNA into CHO cells enabled us to isolate the mature form of human ChM-I from the culture supernatant. Purified recombinant human ChM-I stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in cultured chondrocytes. In contrast, it inhibited the tube morphogenesis of cultured vascular endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo.
Gastrointestinal hormones (anorexigenic peptide YY and orexigenic ghrelin) influence neural tube development (2007)

Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones play an important role in GI secretion, motility, and eating behaviors. It was recently suggested that GI hormones may have a trophic role in GI tract. Here we demonstrate that two principal GI hormones, anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY) and orexigenic ghrelin, affect neural tube development. Chronic administration into the pregnant mice or transgenic overexpression of PYY led to a neural tube defect (NTD) in the embryos that was blocked by ghrelin. PYY Y1 receptor antagonist prevented the occurrence of NTD induced not only by PYY but also by vitamin A, a well-known teratogen in humans and animals. Y1 receptor deficiency also engendered NTDs, indicating the need to maintain normal Y1 receptor signaling. The present study is the first linking GI hormones to the leading cause of infant mortality and provides a novel insight for neurogenesis in which materno-fetal communication through GI hormones appears to be important.