gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Enzyme Levels During Intestinal Ischemia (1990)

Because the intestinal mucosa is most sensitive to ischemia, serum levels of mucosal enzymes, such as diamine oxidase, may be most likely to indicate intestinal ischemia. Our aim was to compare serum levels of mucosal (diamine oxidase, alkaline phosphatase) and seromuscular (creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase) enzymes during intestinal ischemia of varying extent and duration in dogs. Group 1 (n = 6) underwent sham laparotomy. Group 2 (n = 8) had 50% of the small intestine devascularized. Group 3 (n = 8) had the superior mesenteric artery occluded for 2 hours and released. Group 4 (n = 8) had the superior mesenteric artery ligated. Serum samples were obtained before and 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after operation, and histologic specimens were examined at 4 hours. Creatinine phosphokinase levels became elevated within 4 hours of ischemic injury in group 2 (223 +/- 197 vs. 68 +/- 26, p less than 0.05) and group 4 (212 +/- 136 vs. 76 +/- 29, p less than 0.05). Significant elevation of serum enzymes levels, except diamine oxidase, occurred in groups 2, 3, and 4 at 24 hours, including those with normal histology after temporary superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Thus seromuscular enzymes, particularly creatinine phosphokinase, were more likely to be elevated during intestinal ischemia. Enzyme levels were not influenced by the extent and reversibility of the ischemic injury.
An e-intelligence approach to e-commerce intrusion detection (2005)

As enterprise level e-commerce applications are integrated over the Internet, security has become an increasingly important issue. Under this new integrated Web services environment, simple black-and-white logic is not sufficient to deal with complex intrusion detection problems. E-intelligence must be added into the application layer for a better detection of malicious intruders using legitimate channels to attack mission-critical applications. A new e-intelligence approach is proposed in this paper, which uses the fuzz trust model and e-intelligence to detect the intrusions. It also uses honey token for deception and honey application for learning the behavior from attackers, and then feed the information back to the system at the application level.
Spectral Sharpening and the Bradford Transform (2000)

The Bradford chromatic adaptation transform, empirically derived by Lam, models illumination change. Specifically, it provides a means of mapping XYZs under a reference source to XYZs for a target light such that the corresponding XYZs produce the same perceived\n colour. One implication of the Bradford chromatic adaptation transform is that colour correction for illumination takes place not in cone space but rather in a ânarrowedâ cone space. The Bradford sensors have their sensitivity more narrowly concentrated than the cones. However, Bradford sensors are not optimally narrow. Indeed, recent work has shown that it is possible to sharpen sensors to a much greater extent than Bradford.\n The focus of this paper is comparing the perceptual error between actual appearance and predicted appearance of a colour under different illuminants, since it is perceptual error that the Bradford transform minimizes. Lamâs original experiments are revisited and perceptual performance of the Bradford transform is compared\n with that of a new adaptation transform that is based on sharp sensors. Results were found to be similar for the two transforms. In terms of CIELAB error, Bradford performs slightly better. But in terms of the more accurate CIELAB 94 and CMC colour difference formulae, the sharp transform performs equally well: there is no statistically\n significant difference in performance.
Cytotoxic Molecules from Natural Sources: Tapping the Brazilian Biodiversity (2006)

The use of plant miscellaneous preparations as an alternative to the treatment of cancer is a reality today due to the massive marketing of natural medicines versus anticancer chemotherapy. Although this situation is controversial and has not led to any significant benefits to patients, plants may play a significant role in the treatment of cancer. Historically, natural leads have evolved to some of the outstanding medicines used nowadays against lung, breast, and ovarian cancers, and leukemia. Natural products are still some of the important sources of new anticancer drugs. The Brazilian flora is considered one of the most diverse in the world, although not many large-scale pharmacological and phytochemical studies have been conducted so far. We present the updated status and results of the research developed by Brazilian research centers on anticancer active substances derived from natural sources, mainly plants from the Brazilian Rain Forests, focusing on their potential effectiveness and difficulties.
Anti-myeloma effect of pharmacological inhibition of Notch/gamma-secretase with RO4929097 is mediated by modulation of tumor microenvironment (2016)

Multiple myeloma (MM), a blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells, remains incurable by current therapy. Notch signaling has been implicated in the growth and chemoresistance of various cancer types including MM, and therefore we hypothesized that targeting the Notch pathway could be beneficial for the treatment of this disease. Here, we report an anti-tumor effect of Notch/γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 in a pre-clinical model of MM. We demonstrate that this effect was associated with decreased angiogenesis and significant down-regulation of TGF-β1. In addition, we also show that treatment with RO4929097 results in decreased number and functional activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our data indicate that targeting Notch may be considered as a new strategy to be tested for MM therapy.
Real time robot audition system incorporating both 3D sound source localisation and voice characterisation (2007)

This paper describes the implementation of a novel real time robot audition system which combines a 3D sound localisation system and a voice characterisation (VC) system. The localisation system employs a 4 microphone array and uses the time delay estimation method. Accuracy is improved through the use of a correlation confidence threshold and a median filter. The VC system, which classifies between speech, non speech and silence, uses a decision tree classifier and a feature set comprising MFCCs, mean MFCCs and variance in MFCCs. The complete system has a processing time of 0.73x real time, and a range of up to 3 m. The compact design, high accuracy, and real time processing ability makes the system and the approach well suited to robotics.
Proximity classification for mobile devices using wi-fi environment similarity (2008)

This paper describes an algorithm to compute lists of people and devices that are physically nearby to a mobile user based on the analysis of signals from existing wireless networks. The system evaluates proximity by classifying the degree of similarity of the Wi-Fi scan data through a statistical Gaussian Mixture Model. It recognizes when the devices are in the same area, and, in this case, it distinguishes three proximity levels: High (e.g. same room), Medium (e.g. same floor) and Low (e.g. same building). The algorithm can be deployed on a remote server that receives Wi-Fi scanning data (including MAC addresses and signal strength) from mobile devices. The server estimates proximity by extracting a set of features from each received pair of Wi-Fi data, feeding them to the GMM model and selecting the category with greatest probability. The method presented in the paper does not require calibration and leverages on existing Wi-Fi signals, while obtaining a percentage of correct discrimination among three levels near to 90%.
Archivists Against the Current: For a Fair and Truly Representative Record of Our Times (1987)

Concern with problems associated with documenting nontraditional and minority movements for cultural, economic, social, and political change has been expressed previously in the archival literature, but certainly not in proportion to the dimensions of such a problem. If one admits that the prevailing values of a given society generally correspond to the values of the prevailing socioeconomic strata of that society, it is not at all surprising that archivists should have been preoccupied with accumulating a documentary record of the lives of the members of the prevailing strata and of the activities and functions of the institutions that provide the collective infrastructure for that strata. It was only with the social and political ferment of the 1960s and 1970s that some archivists began to address the need to document the lives of individuals and the roles of institutions identified with or involved in countervailing movements whose very raison d'etre compelled them to oppose predominant structures and ideological values.
Intensivierte Insulintherapie: Erfahrungen nach zehn Jahren - Optimierung der Stoffwechselwerte durch variable Insulindosen (2001)

Unter einer intensivierten konventionellen Insulintherapie (ICT)versteht man eine möglichst optimale Anpassung der subkutanen Insulingabe an die Verhältnisse beim Gesunden. Charakteristisch ist, dass nicht die Mahlzeiten der Insulindosis (wie bei der konventionellen Therapie), sondern die Insulindosis den jeweiligen Mahlzeiten angepasst werden. Diese Form der Insulin-Therapie erscheint heute das therapeutische Mittel der Wahl, um bei Typ-1-Diabetikern und bei jüngeren Typ-2-Diabetikern das Risiko von Retinopathie, Nephropathie und Neuropathie möglichst gering zu halten und die Gefahren einer Makroangiopathie zu mindern, obwohl nur wenige Patienten unter ICT tatsächlich den Normbereich für HBA1C erreichen. Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche und nachhaltige Anwendung der ICT ist eine hervorragende Schulung und eine gro ße Kooperationsbereitschaft der Patienten.
A regulatory role for repeated decoy transcription factor binding sites in target gene expression (2012)

Tandem repeats of DNA that contain transcription factor (TF) binding sites could serve as decoys, competitively binding to TFs and affecting target gene expression. Using a synthetic system in budding yeast, we demonstrate that repeated decoy sites inhibit gene expression by sequestering a transcriptional activator and converting the graded dose-response of target promoters to a sharper, sigmoidal-like response. On the basis of both modeling and chromatin immunoprecipitation measurements, we attribute the altered response to TF binding decoy sites more tightly than promoter binding sites. Tight TF binding to arrays of contiguous repeated decoy sites only occurs when the arrays are mostly unoccupied. Finally, we show that the altered sigmoidal-like response can convert the graded response of a transcriptional positive-feedback loop to a bimodal response. Together, these results show how changing numbers of repeated TF binding sites lead to qualitative changes in behavior and raise new questions about the stability of TF/promoter binding.
A Role for TrkA during Maturation of Striatal and Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons<i>In Vivo</i> (1997)

Nerve growth factor (NGF), acting via the TrkA receptor, has been shown to regulate the survival and maturation of specific neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, exogenous NGF has potent actions on TrkA-expressing cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BFCNs) and striatum. However, initial analysis of mice lacking NGF or TrkA revealed that forebrain cholinergic neurons were present in these animals through the fourth postnatal week. Because of the potential effects of NGF/TrkA interactions on these developing neurons, we have analyzed quantitatively the striatal and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in trkA knock-out mice. By postnatal day (P) 7/8, forebrain cholinergic neurons are smaller in trkA (-/-) mice than those in wild-type littermate controls. However, cholinergic neuron number and fiber density in the hippocampus, a target region of BFCNs, are grossly intact. Interestingly, by P20-P25 trkA knock-outs contain significantly fewer (20-36%) and smaller cholinergic neurons in both the striatum and septal regions, as compared with controls. Cholinergic fiber density within the hippocampus also is depleted in knock-outs by the end of the second postnatal week. Contrary to some predictions, despite expression of p75(NTR) in the absence of trkA in BFCNs of these knock-out mice, many cells, although smaller, are still alive at P25. Our data suggest that, in the absence of NGF/TrkA signaling, striatal cholinergic neurons and BFCNs do not mature fully and that BFCNs begin to atrophy and/or die surrounding the time of target innervation.
Putting on the Dog: On the Trail of Man’s Best Friend as Seen Through the Middle English Dictionary Online and the Middle English Canon (2015)

In recent years, a rich literature has arisen around the topic of animals in the European Middle Ages. Many pages of these studies are devoted to the domestic dog, which, along with its undomesticated counterparts the wolf and the fox, figures with particular prominence in the narrative literary genres of folktale, bestiary, and romancemall of which demonstrates a complex iconography of the canine species during the later Middle Ages in particular. Kathleen Walker-Meikle observes that...
Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in the Evaluation of the Diabetic Foot (1986)

Liquid crystal thermography (LCT) was used to determine temperature variations on the plantar surface of feet. The purpose was to identify thermal emission patterns associated with diabetic foot ulcers. Three population groups were screened: group I, 16 nondiabetic controls; group II, 21 diabetic patients with no history of pedal ulcers; and group III, 28 diabetic patients with active pedal ulceration or history of foot ulcerations. The results demonstrate a generalized increase in plantar foot temperature in group III compared with groups I and II. Temperature readings under metatarsal heads 1-5, great toe, heel, and lateral band were significantly increased (P less than .01) in group III. Additionally, the warm lateral surface displayed by group III patients was not significantly different in temperature from the medial arch of the foot. In groups I and II, the lateral band was significantly cooler (P less than .01) than the medial arch. In group III patients with active ulceration on only one foot, no significant difference in temperature was found between the foot with active ulceration compared with the contralateral nonulcerated foot. When patients with active pedal ulceration were compared with patients with a history of foot ulcers, no significant difference in temperature was seen at five of seven sites tested. A warm concentric color band surrounding active plantar ulcers was identified in group III. This pattern extended from the center of the ulcer to a distance of 8 mm. A significant change in temperature (P less than .01) was noted at 6- and 8-mm distances from the center of the ulcer. In addition, a mottled thermographic pattern was observed more frequently in group III patients than in groups I and II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The <i>smcL</i> gene of <i>Listeria ivanovii</i> encodes a sphingomyelinase C that mediates bacterial escape from the phagocytic vacuole (1999)

The ruminant pathogen Listeria ivanovii differs from Listeria monocytogenes in that it causes strong, bizonal haemolysis and a characteristic shovel-shaped co-operative haemolytic ('CAMP-like') reaction with Rhodococcus equi. We cloned the gene responsible for the differential haemolytic properties of L. ivanovii, smcL. It encodes a sphingomyelinase C (SMase) highly similar (> 50% identity) to the SMases from Staphylococcus aureus (beta-toxin), Bacillus cereus and Leptospira interrogans. smcL was transcribed monocistronically and was expressed independently of PrfA. Low-stringency Southern blots demonstrated that, within the genus Listeria, smcL was present only in L. ivanovii. We constructed an smcL knock-out mutant. Its phenotype on blood agar was identical to that of L. monocytogenes (i.e. weak haemolysis and no shovel-shaped CAMP-like reaction with R. equi ). This mutant was less virulent for mice, and its intracellular proliferation was impaired in the bovine epithelial-like cell line MDBK. The role of SmcL in intracellular survival was investigated using an L. monocytogenes mutant lacking the membrane-damaging determinants hly, plcA and plcB, being thus unable to grow intracellularly. Complementation of this mutant with smcL on a plasmid was sufficient to promote bacterial intracellular proliferation in MDBK cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that SmcL mediates the disruption of the phagocytic vacuole and the release of bacteria into the cytosol. Therefore, L. ivanovii possesses a third phospholipase with membrane-damaging activity that, together with PlcA and PlcB, may act in concert with the pore-forming toxin Hly to mediate efficient escape from the vacuolar compartment. The 5' end of smcL is contiguous with the internalin locus i-inlFE, which is also specific to L. ivanovii and is required for full virulence in mice. Thus, smcL forms part of a novel virulence gene cluster in Listeria that is species specific.
Early growth responsive gene 3 in human breast carcinoma: a regulator of estrogen-meditated invasion and a potent prognostic factor (2007)

Early growth responsive gene 3 (EGR3) is a zinc-finger transcription factor and plays important roles in cellular growth and differentiation. We recently demonstrated estrogen-mediated induction of EGR3 in breast carcinoma cells. However, EGR3 has not yet been examined in breast carcinoma tissues and its significance remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined biological functions of EGR3 in the breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry, in vitro study, and nude mouse xenograft model. EGR3 immunoreactivity was detected in carcinoma cells in 99 (52%) out of 190 breast carcinoma tissues and was associated with the mRNA level. EGR3 immunoreactivity was positively associated with lymph node status, distant metastasis into other organs, estrogen receptor alpha, or EGR3 immunoreactivity in asynchronous recurrent lesions in the same patients, and was negatively correlated with tubule formation. EGR3 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence and adverse clinical outcome by both uni- and multivariate analyses. Egr3-expressing transformant cell lines derived from MCF-7 Tet-Off cells (Eg-10 and Eg-11) significantly enhanced the migration and invasion properties according to the treatment of doxycyclin, but did not significantly change the cell proliferation. Moreover, Eg-11 cells injected into athymic mice irregularly invaded into the adjacent peritumoral tissues, although Clt-7, which was stably transfected with empty vector as a control, demonstrated a well-circumscribed tumor. Eg-11 cells were significantly associated with invasive components and less tubule formation in the xenograft model. These results suggest that EGR3 plays an important role in estrogen-meditated invasion and is an independent prognostic factor in breast carcinoma.
Truth and Cancer (2005)

A writer discusses his changing career over years due his addiction to drinking, and the way he found stability in his writing career when he gave up drinking. The process of writing and publishing two of his books 'Heart Cancer' and 'Moments of Truth' is also discussed.
CNN in MRF: Video Object Segmentation via Inference in a CNN-Based Higher-Order Spatio-Temporal MRF (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of video object segmentation, where the initial object mask is given in the first frame of an input video. We propose a novel spatiotemporal Markov Random Field (MRF) model defined over pixels to handle this problem. Unlike conventional MRF models, the spatial dependencies among pixels in our model are encoded by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Specifically, for a given object, the probability of a labeling to a set of spatially neighboring pixels can be predicted by a CNN trained for this specific object. As a result, higher-order, richer dependencies among pixels in the set can be implicitly modeled by the CNN. With temporal dependencies established by optical flow, the resulting MRF model combines both spatial and temporal cues for tackling video object segmentation. However, performing inference in the MRF model is very difficult due to the very high-order dependencies. To this end, we propose a novel CNN-embedded algorithm to perform approximate inference in the MRF. This algorithm proceeds by alternating between a temporal fusion step and a feed-forward CNN step. When initialized with an appearance-based one-shot segmentation CNN, our model outperforms the winning entries of the DAVIS 2017 Challenge, without resorting to model ensembling or any dedicated detectors.
Novel Molecular Resist Based on Derivative of Cholic Acid (2002)

Abstract Glycerol tris(glutarate 3-(tert-butyl cholate) ester) was synthesized as a low molecular weight amorphous resist material for 193-nm lithography, and it has good transmittance at 193 nm and good dry etch resistance to CF4 reactive ion etching. The resist formulated with this material forms well defined line and space patterns at a dose of 12 mJ cm−2 using a mercury-xenone lamp in a contact printing mode.
Combining schemes in rake receiver for low spreadingfactor long-code W-CDMA systems (2000)

The authors present a signal model for interpath interference (IPI) in low spreading factor long-code DS/CDMA systems. The impact of IPI can be decomposed into branch correlation and co-channel interference similar to those in a diversity system. Following this interpretation, optimum and suboptimum combining schemes for a rake receiver are developed, which provide significant improvement over the conventional maximum-ratio combining.
Endothelial injury and inflammatory response induced by hemodynamic changes preceding intracranial aneurysm formation: experimental study in rats (2007)

This is the first study to demonstrate the in vivo mechanisms of intracranial aneurysm formation. The inflammatory response that follows endothelial injury is the basic step in the pathogenesis of these lesions. In this study the investigators have expanded the understanding of the origin of intracranial aneurysms and have contributed to the further development of measures to prevent and treat aneurysms.
Prospective Evaluation of Intraocular Lens Calculation After Myopic Refractive Surgery (2008)

The myopic regression formula is recommended for postoperative myopic LASIK IOL selection to provide a simple, accurate, and consistent method of predicting IOL calculation that is not statistically different from IOL(exact).
MUTUAL COUPLING STUDY (1967)

Abstract : The report gives the complete derivation (in an appendix) of the radiation admittance of a rectangular waveguide acting as an element in an infinite phased array. The derived equations are capable of predicting the experimentally observed anomalous notch that has been found to exist in arrays composed of large waveguides. The defining equations demonstrate that it is the existence of nonpropagating higher order modes inside the element waveguides that determine the behavior of an infinite array. It was the purpose of this study to determine what waveguide modes were important for a reasonably confident prediction of the radiation admittance of a rectangular waveguide in an array. It is shown that the number of modes needed for this is not excessively great, but that more are needed if it is desired to predict the position of an anomalous notch with any great degree of confidence.