gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome (2008)

Molecular genetic studies have identified several genes that may mediate susceptibility to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus of the literature suggests that when there is a dysfunction in the "brain reward cascade," especially in the dopamine system, causing a low or hypo-dopaminergic trait, the brain may require dopamine for individuals to avoid unpleasant feelings. This high-risk genetic trait leads to multiple drug-seeking behaviors, because the drugs activate release of dopamine, which can diminish abnormal cravings. Moreover, this genetic trait is due in part to a form of a gene (DRD(2) A1 allele) that prevents the expression of the normal laying down of dopamine receptors in brain reward sites. This gene, and others involved in neurophysiological processing of specific neurotransmitters, have been associated with deficient functions and predispose individuals to have a high risk for addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behavioral propensities. It has been proposed that genetic variants of dopaminergic genes and other "reward genes" are important common determinants of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS), which we hypothesize includes ADHD as a behavioral subtype. We further hypothesize that early diagnosis through genetic polymorphic identification in combination with DNA-based customized nutraceutical administration to young children may attenuate behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD. Moreover, it is concluded that dopamine and serotonin releasers might be useful therapeutic adjuncts for the treatment of other RDS behavioral subtypes, including addictions.
Antipsoriatic drug anthralin induces EGF receptor phosphorylation in keratinocytes: requirement for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation (2004)

Even though anthralin is a well-established topical therapeutic agent for psoriasis, little is known about its effects and biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction. In contrast to a previous report, we found that anthralin induced time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in primary human keratinocytes. Four lines of evidence show that this process is mediated by reactive oxygen species. First, we found that anthralin induces time-dependent generation of H(2)O(2). Second, there is a correlation between a time-dependent increase in anthralin-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and H(2)O(2) generation. Third, the structurally different antioxidants n-propyl gallate and N-acetylcysteine inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation induced by anthralin. Fourth, overexpression of catalase inhibited this process. The epidermal growth factor receptor-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 abrogated anthralin-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. These findings establish the following sequence of events: (1) H(2)O(2) generation, (2) epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation, and (3) extracellular-regulated kinase activation. Our data identify anthralin-induced reactive oxygen species and, more specifically, H(2)O(2) as an important upstream mediator required for ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling.
INACTIVATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS SUSPENDED IN PEA SOUP USING PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS (1996)

Pea soup inoculated with 107 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, or a mixture of the two organisms was treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF) of selected intensities of 25, 28, 30, and 33 kV/cm. The pulsing rate was adjusted to 2.9, 4.3, or 6.7 Hz to achieve 10 or 15 pulses per pass while using either 0.5 L/min or 0.75 L/min flow rate in a continuous treatment chamber. Two passes were selected to reach 20 or 30 pulses under selected conditions. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis suspended in pea soup increased with increases in intensity of the electric field, number of pulses, and pulsing rate. A reduction of 6.5D was obtained at 33 kV/cm, 0.5 L/min, 4.3 Hz, and 30 pulses with E. coli and 5.3D for B. subtilis, each microorganism alone. Meanwhile, reductions of up to 4.8D were observed when the pea soup containing a mixture of the microorganisms was treated with PEF of 30 kV/cm at 6.7 Hz and 0.75 L/min. In general, pea soup inoculated with a mixture of the microorganisms and exposed to PEF greater than 30 kV/cm and bulk temperatures over 53C exhibited inactivation greater than 2.0D while less than 1.6D was observed when the temperature was below 53C.
Is a “star” worth a thousand words? (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how the interplay of valences (positive or negative) between review texts and ratings affects consumers' reactions to the reviews and the product being assessed. Design/methodology/approach An experimental design with hypothetical movie reviews was used to investigate how inconsistent text‐rating reviews affect people's intention to consume a particular product and their perceptions of the review itself. Findings It was found that text valences (positive or negative) significantly influence how subjects perceive the interestingness and trustworthiness of reviews. The texts also have an influence on the subjects' movie‐attendance intention compatible with their valence. In addition, a cross‐over interaction was found between texts and ratings that affects a review's trustworthiness. Research limitations/implications The study enriches understanding of consumer decision making when different formats of information about the same object are presented. Practical implications Marketers can benefit by incorporating review texts and rating valences to enhance the prediction accuracy of their products' sales performances. Review publishers can get a better understanding of how to present their reviews to enhance their perceived interestingness and trustworthiness. Originality/value Product reviews are commonly found in the mass media. These reviews use ratings as evaluative summaries of the texts. However, little research has been conducted regarding the communication effects that the ratings have in relation to the texts. The study seeks to fill this gap.
Influence of Bradykinin Antagonists on the Motility of Human Spermatozoa Enhanced by Bradykinin (1994)

Washed human spermatozoa were coincubated at a constant concentration of bradykinin (BK) (10(-8) M) with different concentrations of the bradykinin antagonists Hoe 140, (Thi5,8, D-Phe7)-BK, and D-Arg(Hyp3, D-Phe7)-BK. In the range between 10(-10) and 10(-5) M none of the tested bradykinin antagonists was able to decrease significantly sperm motility enhanced by addition of 10(-8) M BK. Although bradykinin as the terminal effector of the kallikrein-kinin system stimulates sperm motility specifically and at low concentrations, the specific kinin antagonists failed to inhibit the effect of BK. It would appear that the action of bradykinin on motility of human spermatozoa is mediated by a highly specific mechanism. However, in contrast to earlier hypotheses, it is probably not mediated by a specific bradykinin receptor.
HEMT millimetre wave monolithic amplifier on InP (1989)

A single-stage lossy match cascode amplifier was realised on InP substrate. The amplifier has a small-signal gain of 17 ± 1 dB over the frequency range 24–40 GHz. The active device is a 0.25 um triangular gate GaInAs/AlInAs HEMT lattice matched to InP.
The oxygen reduction reaction of ordered porous carbon-supported PtSn catalysts (2016)

Before and after ADT, the stabilization stems from electronic modification effect of synergistic Sn and OPC addition.
An improved negative level shifter for high speed and low power applications (2010)

An improved negative level shifter with high speed and low power consumption is presented. To reduce the switching delay and power consumption, a boost circuit is designed and additional charging current paths are introduced in the improved level shifter. The circuit has been designed in 130nm triple-well standard CMOS technology with a nominal power supply VDD of 1.5V and a negative voltage of -4.5V. Simulation results show that the switching delay and power consumption have been significantly reduced by roughly 78% and 51%, respectively, compared with the conventional negative level shifter.
Multiuser loading algorithms for multicarrier systems with embedded constellations (2002)

This paper formulates the problem of embedded modulation applied to a multiuser multicarrier system. These embedded multiuser optimization problems are shown to be convex, for which globally optimal solutions can be computed efficiently. We also show that these embedded problems are convex relaxations of the combinatorial FDMA multiuser problems and thus provide performance bounds to the optimal and asymptotically optimal solutions proposed by Hoo, Tellado and Cioffi (see IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. (Globecom), p.25-30, 1998 and IEEE PIMRC, p.278-82, 1998).
Photoreceptor Proteins Initiate Microglial Activation via Toll-like Receptor 4 in Retinal Degeneration Mediated by All-trans-retinal (2013)

Although several genetic and biochemical factors are associated with the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration, it has yet to be determined how these different impairments can cause similar degenerative phenotypes. Here, we report microglial/macrophage activation in both a Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration mouse model caused by delayed clearance of all-trans-retinal from the retina, and in a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model with impaired retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis. Mouse microglia displayed RPE cytotoxicity and increased production of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines, Ccl2, Il1b, and Tnf, after coincubation with ligands that activate innate immunity. Notably, phagocytosis of photoreceptor proteins increased the activation of microglia/macrophages and RPE cells isolated from model mice as well as wild-type mice. The mRNA levels of Tlr2 and Tlr4, which can recognize proteins as their ligands, were elevated in mice with retinal degeneration. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from Tlr4-deficient mice did not increase Ccl2 after coincubation with photoreceptor proteins. Tlr4(-/-)Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice displayed milder retinal degenerative phenotypes than Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice. Additionally, inactivation of microglia/macrophages by pharmacological approaches attenuated mouse retinal degeneration. This study demonstrates an important contribution of TLR4-mediated microglial activation by endogenous photoreceptor proteins in retinal inflammation that aggravates retinal cell death. This pathway is likely to represent an underlying common pathology in degenerative retinal disorders.
ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND FILLER DISPERSION OF CARBON NANOTUBE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES BY LATEX MIXING AND IN SITU SILANIZATION (2016)

ABSTRACT Carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by melt and by latex mixing methods. Also in situ functionalization of CNTs with a silane coupling agent, namely bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), was done to improve the filler–rubber interactions between CNT surfaces and rubber molecules. The grafting of TESPT molecules on CNT surfaces was confirmed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by the improvement of composite properties. Tensile properties were determined to assess the reinforcement efficiency of the CNTs in the composites. Also, electrical conductivity of the composites was measured to assess the formation of CNT networks (or connected conductive CNT pathways) in the rubber matrix. The results indicate that the composites prepared by latex mixing, in particular with the TESPT, had better tensile properties and electrical conductivities than the composites made by melt mixing. The lowest percolation threshold concentration, about 0.55 phr of CNTs, was observed in the latex–CNT composites, and three-dimensional network formations of CNTs in the rubber matrix were found with added TESPT, used by in situ functionalization. The improvement of filler–rubber interactions with the addition of TESPT was also examined by temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements, revealing the relaxation modulus, the relaxation spectrum, and an estimate of the cross-link density.
Bringing evidence-based practice to the bedside (2009)

In Brief Follow the six steps in this article to incorporate the best research into your nursing practice.
The development of a computer-based decision support system for use in evaluating candidates for the position of programmer---analyst (1991)

No abstract available.
Simultaneous Collision Induced Dissociation of the Charge Reduced Parent Ion during Electron Capture Dissociation (2009)

A method of performing collision induced dissociation (CID) on the charge-reduced parent ion as it is formed during electron capture dissociation (ECD), called ECD+CID, is described. In ECD+CID, the charge-reduced parent ion is selectively activated using resonant excitation and collisions with the helium bath gas inside a linear quadrupole ion trap ECD device (ECD(LIT)). It has been observed that ECD+CID can improve the sequence coverage for beta-endorphin over performing ECD alone (i.e., from 72 to 97%). Perhaps just as important, ECD+CID can be used to reduce the extent of multiple electron capture events observed when performing ECD in the ECD(LIT). Consequently, the abundance of mass-to-charge ratios corresponding to ECD product ions that contain neutralized protons is decreased, simplifying the interpretation of the product ion spectrum.
A low-voltage charge pump with improved pumping efficiency (2017)

A charge pump with enhanced output voltage pumping gain and efficiency for low-voltage applications is proposed in this paper. Except for threshold voltage drop and body effect, another factor that limits voltage pumping efficiency is undesired charge transfer. The proposed charge pump circuit utilizes charge transfer switches to eliminate the effects of threshold voltage drop and body effect. Moreover, a complementary branch scheme is applied to reduce undesired charge transfer in order to further improve the pumping efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate better pumping performance of the proposed charge pump circuit compared with other circuits.
Ene reaction mechanisms. 1. Chirality transfer to the enophile 4-methyl-N-sulfinylbenzenesulfonamide (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEne reaction mechanisms. 1. Chirality transfer to the enophile 4-methyl-N-sulfinylbenzenesulfonamideReinhard Bussas, Heribert Muenster, and Guenter KreszeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 17, 2828–2832Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00165a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00165a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views689Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glutamate Acts as a Neurotransmitter for Gastrin Releasing Peptide-Sensitive and Insensitive Itch-Related Synaptic Transmission in Mammalian Spinal Cord (2011)

Itch sensation is one of the major sensory experiences of human and animals. Recent studies have proposed that gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is a key neurotransmitter for itch in spinal cord. However, no direct evidence is available to indicate that GRP actually mediate responses between primary afferent fibers and dorsal horn neurons. Here we performed integrative neurobiological experiments to test this question. We found that a small population of rat dorsal horn neurons responded to GRP application with increases in calcium signaling. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that a part of superficial dorsal horn neurons responded to GRP application with the increase of action potential firing in adult rats and mice, and these dorsal horn neurons received exclusively primary afferent C-fiber inputs. On the other hands, few A(δ) inputs receiving cells were found to be GRP positive. Finally, we found that evoked sensory responses between primary afferent C fibers and GRP positive superficial dorsal horn neurons are mediated by glutamate but not GRP. CNQX, a blocker of AMPA and kainate (KA) receptors, completely inhibited evoked EPSCs, including in those Fos-GFP positive dorsal horn cells activated by itching. Our findings provide the direct evidence that glutamate is the principal excitatory transmitter between C fibers and GRP positive dorsal horn neurons. Our results will help to understand the neuronal mechanism of itch and aid future treatment for patients with pruritic disease.
<title>Modified Cladding Wavelength Dependent Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor</title> (1983)

We have previously reported the development of a simple set-point temperature sensor based on the variation in intensity of monochromatic light transmitted by an optical fiber with a short section of modified cladding. In this paper we discuss the development of a wavelength dependent temperature sensor based on the extension of the previous results to include polychromatic light and wavelength dispersive effects.
An introduction to network architectures and protocols (1979)

Even though networks have been growing more complicated, they should be getting easier to dissect and understand as systematic formalization and layering become more pervasive in the implementations. One reason for persistence of complexity is that, until now, the architects have carried a heavier burden than is commonly realized of maintaining compatibility with individual software and hardware product offerings that antedated the evolution of systematic, clearly layered sets of network protocols. These earlier offerings are gradually disappearing or in later releases are adhering more and more to the strict terms of the architecture. The modularization means that new ideas ought to be more easily incorporated without producing system-wide disruptions. continuing research will provide such new ideas.
Simulation of infrared Doppler wavelength conversion in semiconductor layers (2003)

An excited semiconductor medium with a refractive index as a moving Bragg grating for optical wavelength conversion was used in this research. Time-domain models are used to investigate a double-Doppler wavelength conversion of an infrared 0.8 ps width optical pulse. In order to actually calculate the ultrafast electromagnetic transients, a time-domain Volterra integro-differential equation was used.
Serum Induced Cell Death (1993)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Mechanism of catalytic gasification of coal char. Final report, tasks 1-5 (1983)

The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanisms involved in the gasification reactions of coal char catalyzed by various inorganic salts, and to identify the specific reaction steps and the parameters that control the catalytic process. We have used a variety of experimental tools to examine the behavior of several catalyst salts in contact with samples of chars from coals of various ranks and a mineral-free carbon black. From the results of these experimental studies, we have postulated a detailed mechanism for the action of the inorganic catalyst in char gasification. In this mechanism, a catalyst such as potassium carbonate in contact with char undergoes a chemical and physical transformation to form a molten oxide film that covers the char surface. This film serves as the oxygen transfer medium between the gaseous reactant (H/sub 2/O or CO/sub 2/) and the char. At the catalyst/char interface, the anions in the catalyst react to form a phenolate-type intermediate that later splits out CO. The anions are replenished by reaction between the oxidizing gas and the oxide at the gas/catalyst interface. Net transport of oxygen from gas to char occurs by diffusion of the species in the molten catalyst film. Thismore » insight into the mechanism of catalyst action in char gasification led us to investigate the possible use of sodium chloride (NaCl), a demonstrably poor catalyst, as a gasification catalyst. Results of preliminary experiments confirm that a simple steam-oxygen pretreatment significantly enhances the reactivity of the NaCl-promoted char with steam. 30 figures, 15 tables.« less
Polarization and Migration of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Rely on the RhoA/ROCK I Pathway and an Active Reorganization of the Microtubule Network (2010)

Understanding the physiological migration of hematopoietic progenitors is important, not only for basic stem cell research, but also in view of their therapeutic relevance. Here, we investigated the role of the Rho kinase pathway in the morphology and migration of hematopoietic progenitors using an ex vivo co-culture consisting of human primary CD34(+) progenitors and mesenchymal stromal cells. The addition of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 led to the abolishment of the uropod and microvillar-like structures of hematopoietic progenitors, concomitant with a redistribution of proteins found therein (prominin-1 and ezrin). Y-27632-treated cells displayed a deficiency in migration. Time-lapse video microscopy revealed impairment of the rear pole retraction. Interestingly, the knockdown of ROCK I, but not ROCK II, using RNA interference (RNAi) was sufficient to cause the referred morphological and migrational changes. Unexpectedly, the addition of nocodazole to either Y-27632- or ROCK I RNAi-treated cells could restore their polarized morphology and migration suggesting an active role for the microtubule network in tail retraction. Finally, we could demonstrate using RNAi that RhoA, the upstream regulator of ROCK, is involved in these processes. Collectively, our data provide new insights regarding the role of RhoA/ROCK I and the microtubules in the migration of stem cells.
Interval Pressure Transient Testing With MDT Packer-Probe Module in Horizontal Wells (1998)

Summary In this paper, the use of various pressure measurements is investigated for determining formation pressure and permeability distributions by use of the multiprobe formation testing packer and probe modules (PPM's) in horizontal wells. It is shown that reservoir pressure measurements along the wellbore give local and reservoir-scale information about how the reservoir is being depleted and how cleanup takes place. The estimation of horizontal and vertical permeabilities, skin, and reservoir pressure along the wellbore is also presented by use of interval (local) pressure transient tests. For PPM in horizontal wells, an interpretation method is presented for determining the reservoir parameters. A few interval pressure transient test (IPTT) examples are presented for formation pressure and permeability distributions, and fluid sampling.