gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of intranasal carbon dioxide on the acute response to nasal challenge with allergen (2011)

Intranasal carbon dioxide (CO(2)) was shown to reduce symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of CO(2) on nasal allergen challenge. We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in 12 subjects with SAR outside their pollen season. Thirty minutes after a 20-second exposure to CO(2) or no exposure, subjects underwent a unilateral, localized, nasal allergen challenge. Filter paper disks were placed on the nasal septum to deliver a sham challenge followed by 2 increasing doses of either grass or ragweed allergen. Secretions were collected from both sides of the septum to evaluate the nasonasal reflex and were assayed for histamine. Nasal and eye symptoms were recorded. The primary outcome measure was the contralateral, reflex, secretory response to allergen as measured by secretion weights. Secondary outcome measures included ipsilateral nasal secretion weights, nasal and eye symptoms, levels of histamine in nasal secretions, and eosinophils in nasal scrapings. Subjects reported a transient burning sensation during exposure to CO(2). Compared with no treatment, active treatment resulted in a significant reduction in sneezes (p = 0.05), contralateral secretion weights (p = 0.04), and bilateral runny nose symptoms (p = 0.01). Ipsilateral secretion weights were numerically reduced. Histamine levels in ipsilateral nasal secretions increased significantly when the subjects received sham treatment but did not increase after pretreatment with CO(2). Treatment with nasal CO(2) resulted in partial reduction of the acute response to allergen challenge. Reflex responses were reduced, supporting an effect on neuronal mechanisms, which predict usefulness in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00618410.
On The Validity And Techniques Of Temperature And Emissivity Measurements (1988)

The measurement of temperature and emissivity of objects is of significant importance in science, industry, and other areas. A lingering question regarding the validity of temperature and emissivity values determined using two-color ratio radiometric measure-ments has been answered. Although generally valid, certain spectral-band configurations can produce ambiguous results. General guidance in the selection of the spectral bands to maximize the sensitivity of the ratio with respect to temperature is presented. Several techniques to measure the emissivity of materials are discussed along with representative experimental results.
Electric charge acquired by airplanes penetrating thunderstorms (1990)

Three airplanes—a sailplane, a piston powered sailplane, and a twin turboprop—have been instrumented to measure electric fields inside electrified clouds and the net electric charge on the airplanes. In unelectrified clouds the powered airplanes become negatively charged during collisions with liquid cloud water droplets whereas the sailplane does not. In thunderstorm clouds, several airplane charging mechanisms are found to operate. These involve collisions with liquid water droplets of the cloud and the shedding of polarization charge in the presence of strong electric fields. For these charging processes, the sign of the acquired charge depends on the sign of the component of the atmospheric electric field along the direction of flight. When the amounts of charge on the powered airplanes are small, the engine exhaust acts to discharge the airplane, while for larger charges, corona emission becomes the predominant mechanism of discharge.
A text graphics character CAPTCHA for password authentication (2004)

We propose a new construct, the Text-Graphics Character (TGC) CAPTCHA, for preventing dictionary attacks against password authenticated systems allowing remote access via dumb terminals. Password authentication is commonly used for computer access control. But password authenticated systems are prone to dictionary attacks, in which attackers repeatedly attempt to gain access using the entries in a list of frequently-used passwords. CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart) are currently being used to prevent automated "bots" from registering for email accounts. They have also been suggested as a means for preventing dictionary attacks. However, current CAPTCHAs are unsuitable for text-based remote access. Our TGC CAPTCHA fills this gap. In this paper, we define the TGC CAPTCHA, prove that it is a (secure) CAPTCHA, demonstrate its utility in a prototype based on the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol suite and provide empirical evidence that the test is easy for humans and hard for machines. We believe that the system will not only help improve the security of servers allowing remote terminal access, but also encourage a healthy spirit of competition in the fields of pattern recognition, computer graphics and psychology.
Minimally invasive off-pump valve-in-a-valve implantation: the atrial transcatheter approach for re-operative mitral valve replacement (2008)

Transatrial, transcatheter mitral VinV implantation is feasible off pump. This is a truly minimally invasive concept to treat patients with failed xenografts using a right lateral minithoracotomy.
Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (2005)

In cognitive networks, cognitive (unlicensed) users need to continuously monitor spectrum to detect the presence of primary (licensed) users. In this paper, we illustrate the benefits of cooperation in cognitive radio. We show that by allowing the cognitive radios operating in the same band to cooperate we can reduce the detection time and thus increasing their agility. We first consider the case of two cognitive users and show how the inherent asymmetry in the network can be exploited to increase the probability of detection. We then extend our work to multiple cognitive user networks. We also propose a practical algorithm which allows cooperation in random networks
A new approach to VHF/FM broadcast receiver using digital signal processing techniques (2000)

This paper describes the development of a new VHF/FM broadcast receiver using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. The developed method gives improved receiver performance, and enables it to be integrated into general digital signal processing. This receiver realizes FM demodulation, a stereo decoder and noise reduction by using DSP. We adopted a quadrature type FM demodulator for its simple structure, and combined it with a newly developed AM (amplitude modulation) cancellation process, to reduce the demodulated signal distortion. We have also developed an extended sampling rate conversion technique to synchronize the sampling rate with the broadcast pilot signal utilizing interpolation-decimation filtering, while the stereo decoder process itself has been based on a synchronous sampling type operation.
A National Survey of the Arrangements Managed-Care Plans Make with Physicians (1995)

Managed-care plans, particularly HMOs, have complex systems for selecting, paying, and monitoring their physicians. Hybrid forms are common, and the differences between group or staff HMOs and network or IPA HMOs are less extensive than is commonly assumed.
On Distributed Time-Dependent Shortest Paths over Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

We revisit the shortest path problem in asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks, which exhibit time-dependent features. We model the time-varying link cost and distance from each node to the sink as periodic functions. We show that the time-cost function satisfies the FIFO property, which makes the time-dependent shortest path problem solvable in polynomial-time. Using the ß-synchronizer, we propose a fast distributed algorithm to build all-to-one shortest paths with polynomial message complexity and time complexity. The algorithm determines the shortest paths for all discrete times with a single execution, in contrast with multiple executions needed by previous solutions. We further propose an efficient distributed algorithm for time-dependent shortest path maintenance. The proposed algorithm is loop-free with low message complexity and low space complexity of O(maxdeg), where maxdeg is the maximum degree for all nodes. The performance of our solution is evaluated under diverse network configurations. The results suggest that our algorithm is more efficient than previous solutions in terms of message complexity and space complexity.
A nonlinear normalization method for handprinted kanji character recognition-line density equalization (2003)

A nonlinear normalization method called the line density equalization is proposed in which a resampling is done so as to equate the product of a local line density and a (variable) sampling pitch. Consequently, the line density in the space is homogenized, the efficiency of utilization of the space is increased, and a stable normalization is obtained for partially irregular shape variations. The method was applied to handprinted kanji character recognition, and its effectiveness was demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3‐[(2,4‐dimethoxy)benzylidene]‐anabaseine dihydrochloride protects against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced parkinsonian neurodegeneration through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation in rats (2012)

To explore a novel therapy against Parkinson's disease through enhancement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 3-[(2,4-dimethoxy)benzylidene]-anabaseine dihydrochloride (DMXBA; GTS-21), a functionally selective α7 nAChR agonist, in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced hemiparkinsonian model. Microinjection of 6-OHDA into the nigrostriatal pathway of rats destroys dopaminergic neurons selectively. DMXBA dose dependently inhibited methamphetamine-stimulated rotational behavior and dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by 6-OHDA. The protective effects were abolished by methyllycaconitine citrate salt hydrate, an α7 nAChR antagonist. Immunohistochemical study confirmed abundant α7 nAChR expression in the cytoplasm of dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that DMXBA prevented 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss through stimulating α7 nAChR in dopaminergic neurons. Injection of 6-OHDA elevated immunoreactivities to glial markers such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, CD68, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats. In contrast, these immunoreactivities were markedly inhibited by comicroinjection of DMXBA. Microglia also expressed α7 nAChR in both resting and activated states. Hence, we hypothesize that DMXBA simultaneously affects microglia and dopaminergic neurons and that both actions lead to dopaminergic neuroprotection. The findings that DMXBA attenuates 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and glial activation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease raisethe possibility that DMXBA could be a novel therapeutic compound to prevent Parkinson's disease development.
Learning Actionscript 2.0 for Macromedia Flash 8 (2005)

Powerful development and design tools require thorough and authoritative technical advice and documentation. When it comes to Macromedia Flash, no one is more authoritative than Macromedia Development and writing teams. Now their official documentation is available to you in printed book form. As you work, keep this guide by your side for ready access to valuable information on using Flash. We've designed it so that it's easy to annotate as you progress. Learning ActionScript 2.0 for Macromedia Flash 8 shows you how to write proper ActionScript syntax to create useful and interactive Flash applications. This book includes examples of object-oriented programming, and teaches you how to write custom classes for your Flash applications. Learning ActionScript 2.0 for Macromedia Flash 8 also includes numerous hands-on examples on how to apply expressive and interactive features to your files using ActionScript code, such as file upload, filter effects, scripted animation, and anti-alias text using the FlashType font rendering engine. In Learning Actionscript 2.0 for Macromedia Flash 8, learn how to: ·i? i? i? Write proper ActionScript syntax using the fundamentals of the ActionScript language. ·i? i? i? Use object-oriented programming techniques to build Flash applications. ·i? i? i? Use ActionScript classes to add interactivity and expressive features to your Flash applications. ·i? i? i? Use best practices and coding conventions to optimize, structure, and write consistent ActionScript.
Multiple coupled circuit modeling of induction machines (1995)

A new multiple coupled circuit model is presented for simulation of induction machines with both arbitrary winding layout and/or unbalanced operating conditions. The model is derived by means of winding functions. No symmetry is assumed. The parameters of the model are calculated directly from the geometry and winding layout of the machine. The behavior of an induction machine during starting is simulated using this model. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the solution obtained by a conventional d-q model for symmetric conditions. The new model is then extended to the solution of a wide variety of fault conditions such as broken bars and end rings and open or short circuited motor coils.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lactoferrin Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Expression and Proteoglycan-Binding Ability of Interleukin-8 in Human Endothelial Cells (2002)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a C-X-C chemokine bound to endothelium proteoglycans, initiates the activation and selective recruitment of leukocytes at inflammatory foci. We demonstrate that human lactoferrin, an antimicrobial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, decreases both IL-8 mRNA and protein expression induced by the complex Escherichia coli 055:B5 LPS/sCD14 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The use of recombinant lactoferrins mutated in the LPS-binding sites indicates that this inhibitory effect is mediated by an interaction of lactoferrin with LPS and CD14s that suppresses the endotoxin biological activity. Furthermore, since dimeric IL-8 and lactoferrin are both proteoglycan-binding molecules, the competition between these proteins for heparin binding was investigated. Lactoferrin strongly inhibited the interaction of radiolabeled IL-8 to immobilized heparin, whereas a lactoferrin variant lacking the amino acid residues essential for heparin binding was not inhibitory. Moreover, this process is specific, since serum transferrin, a glycoprotein whose structure is close to that of lactoferrin, did not prevent the interaction of IL-8 with heparin. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of lactoferrin during septicemia are related, at least in part, to the regulation of IL-8 production and also to the ability of lactoferrin to compete with chemokines for their binding to proteoglycans.
An Immersive System with Multi-Modal Human-Computer Interaction (2018)

We introduce an immersive system prototype that integrates face, gesture and speech recognition techniques to support multi-modal human-computer interaction capability. Embedded in an indoor room setting, a multi-camera system is developed to monitor the user facial behavior, body gesture and spatial location in the room. A server that fuses different sensor inputs in a time-sensitive manner so that our system knows who is doing what at where in real-time. When correlating with speech input, the system can better understand the user intention for interaction purpose. We evaluate the performance of core recognition techniques on both benchmark and self-collected datasets and demonstrate the benefit of the system in various use cases.
Ultimate Mechanical Properties of Basalt Filaments (1996)

Basic characteristics of basalt filaments are described. The main aim of this study is to explore tensile strength distribution based on experimental data. To select the appropriate failure risk function, the maximum likelihood method and methods based on order statistics are used. The use of basalt filaments in sewing thread constructions is also discussed.
Precise positioning with GPS near obstructions by augmentation with pseudolites (2002)

Position information is needed in situations that have reduced availability of the GPS satellites due to obstructions which cause high elevation mask angles. Previous research has shown the advantages of pseudolites in determining the carrier cycle ambiguities and in improving the Dilution of Precision (DOP) of positioning. This paper is about the use of GPS carrier phase differential tracking for precise positioning in situations where less than 4 satellites are in view. For example, some open pit mines may have an elevation mask angle of up to 45/spl deg/, thereby reducing the probability to 20% that 4 satellites are in view for a full position solution. A building near a construction site may obstruct the GPS satellites increasing the DOP beyond the tolerable limit. Pseudolites (GPS ground transmitters) may be placed to provide additional availability as well as increased accuracy. A system providing precise position information was demonstrated using differential GPS carrier phase measurements of satellite and pseudolite signals.
Valosin-containing protein gene mutations (2006)

VCP mutations are present in two families in which FTD is the most prominent symptom. The histopathologic study performed in patients harboring the R155C mutation supports the hypothesis that this mutation disrupts normal VCP function, leading to diffuse accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins within the cells. IBMPFD belongs to a class of genetic diseases associated with an alteration of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) (1993)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the platelet functions in 11 male (66±4 years old) with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and the effects of Ticlopidine and Cilostazol on the clinical and laboratory features of the patients using crossover test. Clinical effects were evaluated based on subjective symptoms and pressure index (PI), the ratio of systolic blood pressure between the affected limb and the unaffected upper extremity. Platelet aggregability was expressed by maximum aggregation rate induced with both 1 (MA1) and 2μM (MA2) of ADP (%), and by collagen aggregability (CA) (μg/ml) which was expressed by the lowest collagen concentration among 7 different ones which could induce more than 50% in the maximal amplitude of aggregation. Plasma β thromboglobulin (βTG) and platelet factor 4 (ng/ml) were also measured. Platelet aggregability was also examined in 8 male without ASO whose clinical profiles were similar to those in 8 of 11 in this study. (1) Platelet aggregability was significantly higher in patients with ASO (MA1: 34±28, MA2: 59±33, CA: 0.8±0.4) than those without ASO (MA1: 18±8, MA2: 50±19, CA: 1.4±0.7). (2) More patients were subjectively improved with Cilostazol (7 of 11) compared with Ticlopidine (2 of 11) (p<0.05). PI was also improved more common with Cilostazol (7 of 11 cases) than with Ticlopidine (3 of 11 cases) (p<0.05). (3) Platelet aggregability was significantly lower with Ticlopidine (MA1: 14±10, MA2: 30±13, CA: 2.0±1.6) than with Cilostazol (MA1: 29±16, MA2: 50±23, CA: 1.4±0.9), although both of agents significantly suppressed platelet aggregability compared with the control value (MA1: 39±31, MA2: 68±31, CA: 0.8±0.4). βTG was also significantly lower with Ticlopidine (36±15) than with Cilostazol (55±10). Thus there was a considerable discrepancy between clinical and laboratory effects of these agents. This might be accounted for by vasodilating action and microcirculatory effect of Cilostazol.In conclusion, enhanced platelet aggregability was found in patients with ASO, and both Ticlopidine and Cilostazol seemed to be useful strategy for them, but further study is necessary for clarifying the relationship between the clinical improvements and the degree of suppressive effects on platelet functions with these agents.
Chronic Acidosis-Induced Growth Retardation Is Mediated by Proton-Induced Expression of Gs Protein (2006)

Our results indicate that the adverse effects of acidosis on skeletal growth centers are mediated at least in part by the cAMP/PKA cellular pathway. We speculate that high proton concentrations exerted by acidosis conditions stimulate proton sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors, which are mediated by the cellular cAMP/PKA pathway and induce skeletal growth retardation.
Myosin VI is a processive motor with a large step size (2001)

Myosin VI is a molecular motor involved in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport. To carry out its cellular functions myosin VI moves toward the pointed end of actin, backward in relation to all other characterized myosins. Myosin V, a motor that moves toward the barbed end of actin, is processive, undergoing multiple catalytic cycles and mechanical advances before it releases from actin. Here we show that myosin VI is also processive by using single molecule motility and optical trapping experiments. Remarkably, myosin VI takes much larger steps than expected, based on a simple lever-arm mechanism, for a myosin with only one light chain in the lever-arm domain. Unlike other characterized myosins, myosin VI stepping is highly irregular with a broad distribution of step sizes.
Evaluation of library ranking efficacy in virtual screening (2004)

We present the results of a comprehensive study in which we explored how the docking procedure affects the performance of a virtual screening approach. We used four docking engines and applied 10 scoring functions to the top-ranked docking solutions of seeded databases against six target proteins. The scores of the experimental poses were placed within the total set to assess whether the scoring function required an accurate pose to provide the appropriate rank for the seeded compounds. This method allows a direct comparison of library ranking efficacy. Our results indicate that the LigandFit/Ligscore1 and LigandFit/GOLD docking/scoring combinations, and to a lesser degree FlexX/FlexX, Glide/Ligscore1, DOCK/PMF (Tripos implementation), LigandFit1/Ligscore2 and LigandFit/PMF (Tripos implementation) were able to retrieve the highest number of actives at a 10% fraction of the database when all targets were looked upon collectively. We also show that the scoring functions rank the observed binding modes higher than the inaccurate poses provided that the experimental poses are available. This finding stresses the discriminatory ability of the scoring algorithms, when better poses are available, and suggests that the number of false positives can be lowered with conformers closer to bioactive ones.