gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On existence conditions of a class of continuous curvature paths (2017)

Local steering, which constructs a kinematically or dynamically feasible path between two configurations, is a core component of various path planning methods. This paper investigates the continuous curvature (CC) steering for car-like robots subject to constraints on velocity, curvature and derivative of the curvature. Based on the μ-tangency conditions in [9], we establish existence conditions for a class of CC paths which admit the same driving patterns as the Reeds-Shepp paths [6]. These conditions allow efficient implementation of the CC steering, which enables real-time CC path planning. The feasibility and computation efficiency of the resultant CC steering are validated by numerical simulations.
Two isoforms of the cold‐inducible mRNA‐binding protein RBM3 localize to dendrites and promote translation (2007)

A diverse set of mRNA-binding proteins (BPs) regulate local translation in neurons. However, little is known about the role(s) played by a family of cold-inducible, glycine-rich mRNA-BPs. Unlike neuronal mRNA-BPs characterized thus far, these proteins are induced by hypothermia and are comprised of one RNA recognition motif and an adjacent arginine- and glycine-rich domain. We studied the expression and function of the RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), a member of this family, in neurons. RBM3 was expressed in multiple brain regions, with the highest levels in cerebellum and olfactory bulb. In dissociated neurons, RBM3 was observed in nuclei and in a heterogeneous population of granules within dendrites. In sucrose gradient assays, RBM3 cofractionated with heavy mRNA granules and multiple components of the translation machinery. Two alternatively spliced RBM3 isoforms that differed by a single arginine residue were identified in neurons; both were post-translationally modified. The variant lacking the spliced arginine exhibited a higher dendritic localization and was the only isoform present in astrocytes. When overexpressed in neuronal cell lines, RBM3 isoforms-enhanced global translation, the formation of active polysomes, and the activation of initiation factors. These data suggest that RBM3 plays a distinctive role in enhancing translation in neurons.
High Purity Isolation and Sensitive Quantification of Extracellular Vesicles Using Affinity to TIM4 (2017)

Almost all types of cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles. EVs carry various proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs, and may participate in many aspects of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Various studies are currently being conducted to develop therapeutic and diagnostic methods targeting or utilizing EVs. Therefore, developing ideal methods for isolating and quantifying EVs is an active area of research. EVs express phosphatidylserine on their outer lipid bilayer. This unit describes an affinity-based method for isolating EVs using TIM4, which binds phosphatidylserine in a specific and calcium-dependent manner. EVs captured by TIM4 can be easily released by addition of a chelating agent, or can be retained for quantification by ELISA or flow cytometry. These methods enable the isolation of highly purified EVs and the sensitive quantification of EVs, which will accelerate EV research beyond what has been achievable with conventional methods. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Large scale and integrated platform for digital mass culture of anchorage dependent cells (2019)

Industrial applications of anchorage-dependent cells require large-scale cell culture with multifunctional monitoring of culture conditions and control of cell behaviour. Here, we introduce a large-scale, integrated, and smart cell-culture platform (LISCCP) that facilitates digital mass culture of anchorage-dependent cells. LISCCP is devised through large-scale integration of ultrathin sensors and stimulator arrays in multiple layers. LISCCP provides real-time, 3D, and multimodal monitoring and localized control of the cultured cells, which thereby allows minimizing operation labour and maximizing cell culture performance. Wireless integration of multiple LISCCPs across multiple incubators further amplifies the culture scale and enables digital monitoring and local control of numerous culture layers, making the large-scale culture more efficient. Thus, LISCCP can transform conventional labour-intensive and high-cost cell cultures into efficient digital mass cell cultures. This platform could be useful for industrial applications of cell cultures such as in vitro toxicity testing of drugs and cosmetics and clinical scale production of cells for cell therapy.
Controlling Nuclear Jaks and Stats for Specific Gene Activation by IFNg and Other Cytokines:A Possible Steroid-like Connection (2011)

The mechanism of specific gene activation by cytokines that use JAK/STAT signalling pathway is unknown. There are four different types of JAKs and seven different types of STATs. In the classical model of signaling, ligand interacts solely with the receptor extracellular domain, which triggers JAK activation at the receptor cytoplasmic domain. Activated STATs are then said to carry out nuclear events of specific gene activation, including associated epigenetic changes that cause heterochromatin destabilization. Ligand, receptor, and JAKs play no further role in the classical model. Given the limited number of STATs and the activation of the same STATs by cytokines with different functions, the mechanism of the specificity of their signalling is not obvious. Focusing on gamma interferon (IFNγ), we have shown that ligand, receptor, and activated JAKs are involved in nuclear events that are associated with specific gene activation. In this model, receptor subunit IFNGR1 functions as a transcription/cotranscription factor and the JAKs are involved in key epigenetic events that are required for specific gene activation. The model has implications for gene activation in cancer as well as stem cell differentiation.
Isolation of the human Xp21 glycerol kinase gene by positional cloning (1993)

The gene for human glycerol kinase deficiency (GK) maps in Xp21.3 in a critical region of about 50-250 kb located distal to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene (DMD) by analysis of patient deletions and YAC contigs. We have used a genomic exon amplification strategy to isolate potential exons from two cosmids which mapped to this interval. The genomic exons were used to isolate six overlapping cDNA clones from human fetal liver which encode the X-linked glycerol kinase gene. The cDNA clones map to cosmids, YAC clones and deletions in patients which define the GK critical region and also hybridize to several autosomal fragments and one Xq fragment in genomic DNA. The GK gene is expressed most in human liver with three transcript sizes of 1.85, 2.7, and 3.7 kb. Sequence analysis of 1.5 kb of several overlapping liver cDNA clones predicted a protein with approximately 63% similarity to the E. coli and B. subtilis glycerol kinase genes. The liver cDNA clones have sequence identity with four genomic exons and the 3' untranslated region from an Xp21.3 cosmid thus indicating that this is the expressed GK gene which when deleted in patients gives rises to GK deficiency.
Azure Data Lake Store (2017)

Azure Data Lake Store (ADLS) is a fully-managed, elastic, scalable, and secure file system that supports Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) and Cosmos semantics. It is specifically designed and optimized for a broad spectrum of Big Data analytics that depend on a very high degree of parallel reads and writes, as well as collocation of compute and data for high bandwidth and low-latency access. It brings together key components and features of Microsoft?s Cosmos file system-long used by internal customers at Microsoft and HDFS, and is a unified file storage solution for analytics on Azure. Internal and external workloads run on this unified platform. Distinguishing aspects of ADLS include its design for handling multiple storage tiers, exabyte scale, and comprehensive security and data sharing features. We present an overview of ADLS architecture, design points, and performance.
Quantification of Proviral Load of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Subtypes A and B Using Real-Time PCR (2001)

We have developed and evaluated a new method to quantify human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) proviral DNA based on LightCycler real-time PCR. The assay has a detection limit of 5 copies/10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and is insensitive to HIV-2 strain variability: HIV-2 subtypes A and B are both recognized and quantified. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation range from 16 to 40% for high provirus concentrations (5 x 10(5) copies) and from 41 to 39% for low concentrations (5 copies). We used this method to compare the proviral DNA load and viral RNA load in plasma with clinical and immunological status for 29 patients infected by HIV-2 (subtype A in 17 and subtype B in 12). The proviral load (median, 201 copies/10(5) PBMC) was similar to that reported for HIV-1 infection. The median proviral loads did not correlate with the CD4(+) cell count categories and were as follows for CD4(+) cell counts of >400, 200 to 400, and <200 cells/mm(3), respectively: 121 copies/10(5) PBMC (n = 8; range, <5 to 712 copies/10(5) PBMC); 114 copies/10(5) PBMC (n = 9; range, <5 to 1,907 copies/10(5) PBMC); and 285 copies/10(5) PBMC (n = 12; range, 53 to 2,524 copies/10(5) PBMC). Proviral load did not correlate with plasma HIV-2 RNA positivity. As HIV-2 is considered to replicate less efficiently than HIV-1, these high proviral loads might be explained by the proliferation of infected cells.
Treatment options for unresectable HCC with a focus on SIRT with Yttrium-90 resin microspheres (2017)

To identify relevant publications, the PubMed database was queried using one or more of the following search terms alone or in combination with Boolean operators: epidemiology, hepatocellular, hepatocellular cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, unresectable, radioembolisation, selective internal radiation therapy, SIR-Spheres, yttrium 90, TACE, and sorafenib. The results were sorted or filtered by "Author", "Publication dates" or "Article types" to identify articles relevant to each section of the review. To ensure that information on ongoing clinical trials involving Y-90 resin was included, we conducted a search on "ClinicalTrials.gov", by combining the search terms "HCC" OR "hepatocellular carcinoma" with "Y 90" OR "yttrium 90" OR "radioembo", and screened for studies that involved treatment with Y-90 resin microspheres.
An unlimited lock range DLL for clock generator (2004)

In this paper, we design a wide range DLL (Delay Locked Loop) for a clock generator. A DLL-based clock generator has several inherent advantages over conventional PLL-based clock generators, such as no noise accumulation, fast lock and loop stability (1-st order loop filter). We propose a new DLL architecture to overcome a limited lock range. The proposed DLL is fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS technology and an unlimited lock range is achieved. It operates in a reference signal of 5 MHz to 100 MHz, occupies 480/spl times/160 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and dissipates only 5.8 mW to generate 16-delayed clocks at 100 MHz reference signal. It has only /spl plusmn/0.5% peak-to-peak jitters.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields in a Mass-Produced Microwave Oven Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (1996)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used to derive electromagnetic field distributions in a mass-produced microwave oven where the particular influence of the magnetron output antenna in a short feeding wave guide was considered or not considered It was confirmed in visual and quantitative comparison that the influence of the magnetron antenna geometry is negligible. A procedure for reduction of uneven heating is also discussed, using an approach of oven development as a practical example.
Comparison of Vacuum Pressures and Forces Generated by Different Catheters and Pumps for Aspiration Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2017)

All catheters transmit similar vacuum pressure, but the suction force on the clot is stronger with larger catheter tips. Coaxial microcatheters will have a minimal impact on suction force as long as they are proximal to the aspiration catheter tip. Currently available thrombectomy suction devices, including the Penumbra pump, the ASPIRE handheld pump, and the 60-mL syringe, all develop similar vacuum pressures.
Immediate Auditory Feedback to Improve Putting Quickly (1978)

After being baserated for three putts from each of three distances, six veteran golfers were given immediate feedback for head and body movement in a brief treatment session. Providing immediate feedback of the inappropriate movement resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of putts holed.
Extremely weak surface emission from (0001) c-plane AlGaN multiple quantum well structure in deep-ultraviolet spectral region (2006)

We studied the anisotropic optical properties of c-plane AlxGa1−xN multiple quantum wells and m-plane AlxGa1−xN single layer grown on a SiC substrate. Very weak surface emission was detected from c-plane samples with x=0.66–0.76 (emission wavelength of 228–240nm), although strong surface emission was detected from c-plane samples with x=0–0.41 (280–365nm) and m-plane samples with x=0–0.76 (240–365nm). These results indicate that crystal-field splitoff hole valence band plays an important role in (E‖c) polarization and isotropic emissions from AlxGa1−xN with x≧0.5.
HIV activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenease: inhibition of T cell proliferation by tryptophan starvation (2006)

T cell immune responses of HIV+ patients are functionally impaired prior to CD4+ T cell depletion. Tryptophan (trp) degradation by indoleamine-2, 3-dyoxigenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive system that may be important in HIV/AIDS. We show here that IDO is increased in PBMC from HIV+ patients compared to controls. Culture with the IDO-inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan (1 mT) increased proliferation of PBMC from HIV+ patients in response to PHA or anti-CD3/CD28. Exposure of PBMC from HIV-uninfected donors to infectious or noninfectious HIV increased IDO in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Supernatants from HIV-exposed PBMC inhibited CD4+ T cell responses to PHA or anti-CD3/CD28, and this effect was reversed by 1 mT. CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to anti-CD3/CD28, but not to PHA, was also inhibited. Analysis of cyclin mRNA expression showed that CD4+ T cell were arrested in G1, whereas CD8+ T cell were blocked in G0. HIV-induced IDO inhibited expression of CD28 mRNA in CD8+ T cells. Thus HIV directly induces IDO expression in pDC, resulting in unresponsiveness of CD4+ T cells by inhibiting progression to the S phase of the cell cycle, and blocking of CD8+ T cell costimulation through downregulation of CD28.
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds of silicon. Part XII. Reactions of trichlorosilane with 2-chloro- and 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethylene (1974)

Photochemical reaction of an excess of trichlorosilane with 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene gives trichloro-(2,2-difluoroethyl)silane as the major product, and smaller amounts of trichloro-(1,1-difluoroethyl)silane and trichloro-(2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl)silane, whereas reaction with an excess of olefin present gives mainly trichloro-(2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl)silane together with trichloro-(2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethyl)silane. Formation of these products is explained in terms of initial trichlorosilyl radical addition to 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene at the CF2 group and a competing reduction of the olefin to 1,1-difluoroethylene followed by trichlorosilyl radical addition at the CH2 group. Photochemical reaction of trichlorosilane with 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethylene gives the reduced olefin 1,1-difluoroethylene and 2,2-difluoroethyl- and 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroethyl-trichlorosilanes.
Characterization of a 0.35T MR system for phantom image quality stability and <i>in vivo</i> assessment of motion quantification (2015)

ViewRay is a novel MR-guided radiotherapy system capable of imaging in near real-time at four frames per second during treatment using 0.35T field strength. It allows for improved gating techniques and adaptive radiotherapy. Three cobalt-60 sources (~ 15,000 Curies) permit multiple-beam, intensity-modulated radiation therapy. The primary aim of this study is to assess the imaging stability, accuracy, and automatic segmentation algorithm capability to track motion in simulated and in vivo targets. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the system were assessed using the American College of Radiology (ACR)-recommended phantom and accreditation protocol. Images of the ACR phantom were acquired using a head coil following the ACR scanning instructions. ACR recommended T1- and T2-weighted sequences were evaluated. Nine measurements were performed over a period of seven months, on just over a monthly basis, to establish consistency. A silicon dielectric gel target was attached to the motor via a rod. 40 mm total amplitude was used with cycles of 3 to 9 s in length in a sinusoidal trajectory. Trajectories of six moving clinical targets in four canine patients were quantified and tracked. ACR phantom images were analyzed, and the results were compared with the ACR acceptance levels. Measured slice thickness accuracies were within the acceptance limits. In the 0.35 T system, the image intensity uniformity was also within the ACR acceptance limit. Over the range of cycle lengths, representing a wide range of breathing rates in patients imaged at four frames/s, excellent agreement was observed between the expected and measured target trajectories. In vivo canine targets, including the gross target volume (GTV), as well as other abdominal soft tissue structures, were visualized with inherent MR contrast, allowing for preliminary results of target tracking.
Cell cycle regulatory proteins in renal disease: role in hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis (2000)

The response to glomerular and tubulointerstitial cell injury in most forms of renal disease includes changes in cell number (proliferation and apoptosis) and cell size (hypertrophy). These events typically precede and may be responsible for the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that leads to a decrease in renal function. There is increasing evidence showing that positive (cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and negative (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) cell cycle regulatory proteins have a critical role in regulating these fundamental cellular responses to immune and nonimmune forms of injury. Data now show that altering specific cell cycle proteins affects renal cell proliferation and improves renal function. Equally exciting is the expanding body of literature showing novel biological roles for cell cycle proteins in the regulation of cell hypertrophy and apoptosis. With increasing understanding of the role for cell cycle regulatory proteins in renal disease comes the hope for potential therapeutic interventions.
Investigation of Electrolyte Measurement in Diluted Whole Blood Using Spectroscopic and Chemometric Methods (2003)

The feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with partial least-squares (PLS) regression was explored to measure electrolyte concentration in whole blood samples. Spectra were collected from diluted blood samples containing randomized, clinically relevant concentrations of Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Sodium was also studied in lysed blood. Reference measurements were made from the same samples using a standard clinical chemistry instrument. Partial least squares (PLS) was used to develop calibration models for each ion with acceptable results (Na+, R2 = 0.86, CVSEP = 9.5 mmol/L; K+, R2 = 0.54, CVSEP = 1.4 mmol/L; Ca2+, R2 = 0.56, CVSEP = 0.18 mmol/L). Slightly improved results were obtained using a narrower wavelength region (470-925 nm) where hemoglobin, but not water, absorbed indicating that ionic interaction with hemoglobin is as effective as water in causing measurable spectral variation. Good models were also achieved for sodium in lysed blood, illustrating that cell swelling, which is correlated with sodium concentration, is not required for calibration model development.
All‐trans retinoic acid enhances cytotoxic effect of T cells with an anti‐CD38 chimeric antigen receptor in acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

We reported that T cells with anti-CD38-chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) eliminated B-cell lymphoma cells expressing CD38. To employ anti-CD38-CAR against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts not expressing CD38, it is necessary to induce or increase the intensity of CD38 expression. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-releasing assay and flow cytometry showed that anti-CD38-CAR T cells were cytotoxic against AML lines (THP-1 and CMK) expressing high CD38 levels (>99%), in time- and number of effector-dependent manners. In other AML lines (KG1, U937 and HL60) partially expressing CD38, CD38<sup>+</sup> AML cells were killed by CD38-specific T cells, but CD38<sup>-</sup> AML cells remained survived. Intriguingly, 10 nM all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) augmented CD38 expression in KG1, U937 and HL60 cells and primary leukemic cells from AML patients. Moreover, the withdrawal of ATRA from the medium decreased CD38 expression in AML cells. Killing effects of anti-CD38-CAR T cells against AML lines and AML cells were limited without ATRA, whereas CD38-specific T cells enhanced cytotoxicity on AML cells by ATRA in association with enhanced CD38 expression. These results indicate that anti-CD38-CAR T cells eliminate AML cells through CD38 expression induced by ATRA.
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle as a prognostic indicator in advanced pancreatic cancer (2004)

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy-to-use, non-invasive and reproducible technique to evaluate changes in body composition and nutritional status. Phase angle, determined by BIA, has been found to be a prognostic indicator in several chronic conditions, such as HIV, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and in patients undergoing dialysis. The present study investigated the prognostic role of phase angle in advanced pancreatic cancer. We evaluated a case series of fifty-eight stage IV pancreatic cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Midwestern Regional Medical Center (Zion, IL, USA) between January 2000 and July 2003. BIA was conducted on all patients using a bioelectrical impedance analyser that operated at 50 kHz. The phase angle was calculated as capacitance (Xc)/resistance (R) and expressed in degrees. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle independent of other clinical and nutritional variables. The correlations between phase angle and traditional nutritional measures were evaluated using Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Patients with phase angle <5.0 degrees had a median survival time of 6.3 (95% CI 3.5, 9.2) months (n 29), while those with phase angle >5.0 degrees had a median survival time of 10.2 (95% CI 9.6, 10.8) months (n 29); this difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). The present study demonstrates that phase angle is a strong prognostic indicator in advanced pancreatic cancer. Similar studies in other cancer settings with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the prognostic significance of the phase angle.