gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Motion Estimation and Motion Compensated Deinterlacing (1997)

This paper describes a new high-quality deinterlacing algorithm applying motion estimation and compensation techniques. First, a comparison between two recently introduced deinterlacing concepts will be presented. One method is based on a generalized sampling theorem and the other uses time recursion. The new algorithm aims at combining the benefits of both.
Interactive Communication of Balanced Distributions and of Correlated Files (1993)

$( X,Y )$ is a pair of random variables distributed over a support set S. Person $P_X $ knows X, person $P_Y $ knows Y, and both know S. Using a predetermined protocol, they exchange binary messages for $P_Y $ to learn X. $P_X$ may or may not learn Y. The m-message complexity $\hat C_m $ is the number of information bits that must be transmitted (by both persons) in, the worst case if only m messages are allowed. $\hat C_\infty $ is the number of bits required when there is no restriction on the number of messages exchanged. A natural class of random pairs is considered. $\hat \mu $ is the maximum number of X values possible with a given Y value. $\hat \eta $ is the maximum number of Y values possible with a given X value. The random pair $( X,Y )$ is balanced if $\hat \mu = \hat \eta $. The following hold for all balanced random pairs. One-way communication requires at most twice the minimum number of bits: $\hat C_1 \leqq 2\hat C_\infty + 1$. This bound is almost tight: For every $\alpha $, there is a balanced random pair for which $\hat C_1 \geqq 2\hat C_\infty - 6\geqq \alpha $. Three-message communication is asymptotically optimum, $\hat C_3 \leqq \hat C_\infty + 3\log \hat C_\infty + 11$. More importantly, the number of bits required is only negligibly larger than the number needed when $P_X $ knows Y in advance, $\hat C_\infty \leqq \hat C_3 \leqq \log \hat\mu + 3\log \log \hat \mu + 11$. These results are applied to the following correlated files problem. X and Y are binary strings (files) within a small edit distance from each other. $P_X $ knows X, while $P_Y $ knows Y and wants to learn X. The above results imply efficient three-message protocols for conveying X to $P_Y $. Efficient one-way protocols are provided for certain restricted cases and their possible generalizations are discussed.
Publisher’s Note: Kaon Condensation, Black Holes, and Cosmological Natural Selection [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>101</b>, 091101 (2008)] (2008)

Received 2 September 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.119901©2008 American Physical Society
UWB CMOS Monocycle Pulse Generator (2010)

A low-complexity fully integrated ultrawideband (UWB) monocycle pulse generator realized in 90-nm CMOS technology by ST-Microelectronics is presented. The circuit provides a monocycle pulse when activated by a negative edge of an external trigger signal provided by a microcontroller by exploiting the operating principle of nonlinear waveform shapers. This pulse generator represents a building block of an innovative wearable system-on-chip UWB radar on silicon for cardiopulmonary monitoring. On-chip measurements show that the pulse generator provides monocycle pulses with a duration time equal to 380 ps and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 660 mV (including the losses of the microprobes, cables, and electrostatic-discharge-protected pads), which are in very good agreement with the postlayout simulations. The power consumption is 19.8 mW from a 1.2-V power supply.
Novel Molecular Non-Volatile Memory: Application of Redox-Active Molecules (2015)

This review briefly describes the development of molecular electronics in the application of non-volatile memory. Molecules, especially redox-active molecules, have become interesting due to their intrinsic redox behavior, which provides an excellent basis for low-power, high-density and high-reliability non-volatile memory applications. Recently, solid-state non-volatile memory devices based on redox-active molecules have been reported, exhibiting fast speed, low operation voltage, excellent endurance and multi-bit storage, outperforming the conventional floating-gate flash memory. Such high performance molecular memory will lead to promising on-chip memory and future portable/wearable electronics applications.
Biocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Glycerol‐Based Macroamphiphiles and their Self‐Assembly to Micellar Nanotransporters (2009)

Abstract Glycerol is one of the most versatile and valuable chemical substances and is utilized in a variety of commercial products with no known adverse pharmacological or environmental effects. Moreover, it exhibits good chemical stability and inertness under biological conditions. We have designed and developed Candida antarctica lipase (CAL B) catalyzed biocatalytic method to synthesize novel polymeric systems using glycerol and poly[ethylene glycol bis(carboxymethyl) ether] dimethylester. Both synthons are biocompatible, non‐toxic, and are readily available. The polymerization occurs regioselectively through the primary hydroxyl groups of glycerol leaving the secondary hydroxyls for post‐polymerization chemical modifications and also for attaching drugs/bioactive molecules. We have utilized these sites for the synthesis of amphiphilic polymers by attaching alkyl chains at the secondary hydroxyl groups simply by acylation. The drug encapsulation abilities of the resulting polymers have been evaluated for potential biomedical applications. magnified image
Long-period gratings in polymer ridge waveguides (2005)

We report the design and fabrication of long-period waveguide gratings (LPWGs) in benzocyclobutene (BCB) ridge waveguides. We apply an accurate perturbation theory to analyze the LPWGs. In particular, the phase-matching condition, the coupling coefficients, the temperature dependence of the resonance wavelength, the bandwidth, and the polarization dependence of the resonance wavelength are discussed. Several LPWGs in BCB ridge waveguides are fabricated by a UV-writing technique using a KrF excimer laser. The transmission spectra of the gratings are measured and discussed. An LPWG with a polarization-insensitive resonance wavelength at a specific temperature is demonstrated. Experimental results agree well with the theory. Our results are useful for the design of LPWG-based devices for various applications.
Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application (2005)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the &quot;Internet Official Protocol Standards &quot; (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document specifies a Diameter application that allows a Diameter server to authenticate, authorize and collect accounting information for Mobile IPv4 services rendered to a mobile node. Combined with the Inter-Realm capability of the base protocol, this application allows mobile nodes to receive service from foreign service providers. Diameter Accounting messages will be used by the foreign and home agents to transfer usage information to the Diameter
THE NORTH AMERICAN AND GREENLAND SPECIES OF SYMPISTIS (LEPIDOPTERA.) (1924)

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Informative Dorfman Screening (2011)

Since the early 1940s, group testing (pooled testing) has been used to reduce costs in a variety of applications, including infectious disease screening, drug discovery, and genetics. In such applications, the goal is often to classify individuals as positive or negative using initial group testing results and the subsequent process of decoding of positive pools. Many decoding algorithms have been proposed, but most fail to acknowledge, and to further exploit, the heterogeneous nature of the individuals being screened. In this article, we use individuals' risk probabilities to formulate new informative decoding algorithms that implement Dorfman retesting in a heterogeneous population. We introduce the concept of "thresholding" to classify individuals as "high" or "low risk," so that separate, risk-specific algorithms may be used, while simultaneously identifying pool sizes that minimize the expected number of tests. When compared to competing algorithms which treat the population as homogeneous, we show that significant gains in testing efficiency can be realized with virtually no loss in screening accuracy. An important additional benefit is that our new procedures are easy to implement. We apply our methods to chlamydia and gonorrhea data collected recently in Nebraska as part of the Infertility Prevention Project.
Toward rationally redesigning bacterial two-component signaling systems using coevolutionary information (2014)

A challenge in molecular biology is to distinguish the key subset of residues that allow two-component signaling (TCS) proteins to recognize their correct signaling partner such that they can transiently bind and transfer signal, i.e., phosphoryl group. Detailed knowledge of this information would allow one to search sequence space for mutations that can be used to systematically tune the signal transmission between TCS partners as well as potentially encode a TCS protein to preferentially transfer signals to a nonpartner. Motivated by the notion that this detailed information is found in sequence data, we explore the sequence coevolution between signaling partners to better understand how mutations can positively or negatively alter their ability to transfer signal. Using direct coupling analysis for determining evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interactions, we apply a metric called the direct information score to quantify mutational changes in the interaction between TCS proteins and demonstrate that it accurately correlates with experimental mutagenesis studies probing the mutational change in measured in vitro phosphotransfer. Furthermore, by subtracting from our metric an appropriate null model corresponding to generic, conserved features in TCS signaling pairs, we can isolate the determinants that give rise to interaction specificity and recognition, which are variable among different TCS partners. Our methodology forms a potential framework for the rational design of TCS systems by allowing one to quickly search sequence space for mutations or even entirely new sequences that can increase or decrease our metric, as a proxy for increasing or decreasing phosphotransfer ability between TCS proteins.
Noradrenaline Release from Streptolysin O‐Permeated Rat Cortical Synaptosomes: Effects of Calcium, Phorbol Esters, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, and Antibodies to the Neuron‐Specific Protein Kinase C Substrate B‐50 (GAP‐43) (1991)

Abstract: We studied the molecular mechanism of noradrenaline release from the presynaptic terminal and the involvement of the protein kinase C substrate B‐50 (GAP‐43) in this process. To gain access to the interior of the presynaptic terminal, we searched for conditions to permeate rat brain synaptosomes by the bacterial toxin streptolysin O. A crude synaptosomal/mitochondrial preparation was preloaded with [ 3 H]noradrenaline. After permeation with 0.8 IU/ml streptolysin O, noradrenaline efflux could be induced in a concentration‐dependent manner by elevating the free Ca 2+ concentration from 10 −8 to 10 −5 M. Efflux of the cytosolic marker protein lactate dehydrogenase was not affected by this increase in Ca 2+ . Ca 2+ ‐induced efflux of noradrenaline was largely dependent on the presence of exogenous ATP. Changing the Na + /K + ratio in the buffer did not affect Ca 2+ ‐induced noradrenaline release. Release of noradrenaline could also be evoked by phorbol esters, indicating the involvement of protein kinase C. Ca 2+ ‐ and phorbol ester‐induced release were not additive at higher phorbol ester concentrations (>10 −7 M ). We compared the sensitivities of Ca 2+ ‐ and phorbol ester‐induced release of noradrenaline to the protein kinase inhibitors H‐7 and polymyxin B and to antibodies raised against synaptic protein kinase C substrate B‐50. Ca 2+ ‐induced release was inhibited by B‐50 antibodies and polymyxin B, but not by H‐7; phorbol ester‐induced release was inhibited by polymyxin B and by H‐7, but only marginally by antibodies to B‐50. We suggest that phorbol esters and Ca 2+ stimulate noradrenaline release through different mechanisms and that the essential role of B‐50 in Ca 2+ ‐induced noradrenaline release may involve other properties of B‐50 besides protein kinase C–mediated phosphorylation.
Nanoparticle‐enhanced light trapping in thin‐film silicon solar cells (2011)

ABSTRACT A systematic investigation of the nanoparticle‐enhanced light trapping in thin‐film silicon solar cells is reported. The nanoparticles are fabricated by annealing a thin Ag film on the cell surface. An optimisation roadmap for the plasmon‐enhanced light‐trapping scheme for self‐assembled Ag metal nanoparticles is presented, including a comparison of rear‐located and front‐located nanoparticles, an optimisation of the precursor Ag film thickness, an investigation on different conditions of the nanoparticle dielectric environment and a combination of nanoparticles with other supplementary back‐surface reflectors. Significant photocurrent enhancements have been achieved because of high scattering and coupling efficiency of the Ag nanoparticles into the silicon device. For the optimum light‐trapping scheme, a short‐circuit current enhancement of 27% due to Ag nanoparticles is achieved, increasing to 44% for a “nanoparticle/magnesium fluoride/diffuse paint” back‐surface reflector structure. This is 6% higher compared with our previously reported plasmonic short‐circuit current enhancement of 38%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (1992)

Between 1985 and 1990, the authors performed stereotactic posteroventral pallidotomies on 38 patients with Parkinson's disease whose main complaint was hypokinesia. Upon re-examination 2 to 71 months after surgery (mean 28 months), complete or almost complete relief of rigidity and hypokinesia was observed in 92% of the patients. Of the 32 patients who before surgery also suffered from tremor, 26 (81%) had complete or almost complete relief of tremor. The L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and muscle pain had greatly improved or disappeared in most patients, and gait and speech volume also showed remarkable improvement. Complications were observed in seven patients: six had a permanent partial homonymous hemianopsia (one also had transient dysphasia and facial weakness) and one developed transitory hemiparesis 1 week after pallidotomy. The results presented here confirm the 1960 findings of Svennilson, et al., that parkinsonian tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia can be effectively abolished by posteroventral pallidotomy, an approach developed in 1956 and 1957 by Lars Leksell. The positive effect of posteroventral pallidotomy is believed to be based on the interruption of some striopallidal or subthalamopallidal pathways, which results in disinhibition of medial pallidal activity necessary for movement control.
The role of the 8‐18 helix of CGRP<sub>8‐37</sub> in mediating high affinity binding to CGRP receptors; coulombic and steric interactions (2003)

1. The role of individual residues in the 8-18 helix of CGRP(8-37) in promoting high-affinity binding to CGRP(1) receptors expressed on rat L6 and human SK-N-MC cells has been examined. The relative potencies of various derivatives were estimated from their ability to inhibit the human alphaCGRP-mediated increase in cyclic AMP production and the binding of [(125)I]-human alphaCGRP. 2. Arg(11) and Arg(18) were replaced by serines to give [Ser(11,18)]CGRP(8-37). These bound with pKi values <6 to SK-N-MC cells and had apparent pA(2) values of 5.81+/-0.04 and 5.31+/-0.11 on SK-N-MC and L6 cells. CGRP(8-37) had a pKi of 8.22 on SK-N-MC cells and pK(b) values on the above cell lines of 8.95+/-0.04 and 8.76+/-0.04. 3. The arginines were replaced with glutamic acid residues. [Glu(11)]CGRP(8-37) had a pK(b) of 7.14+/-0.14 on SK-N-MC cells (pKi=7.05+/-0.05) and 6.99+/-0.08 on L6 cells. [Glu(18)]CGRP(8-37) had a pK(b) of 7.10+/-0.0.08 on SK-N-MC cells (pKi=6.91+/-0.23) and 7.12+/-0.09 on L6 cells. 4. Leu(12), Leu(15) and Leu(16) were replaced by benzoyl-phenylalanine (bpa) residues. On SK-N-MC cells, the apparent pA(2) values of [bpa(12)]-, [bpa(15)]- and [bpa(16)]CGRP(8-37) were respectively 7.43+/-0.23, 8.34+/-0.11 and 5.66+/-0.16 (pKi values of 7.14+/-0.17, 7.66+/-0.21 and <6): on L6 cells they were 7.96+/-0.36, 8.28+/-0.21 and 6.09+/-0.04 (all n=3). 5. It is concluded that the Arg(11) and Arg(18) are involved in specific electrostatic interactions with other residues, either on the CGRP(1) receptors or elsewhere on CGRP(8-37). Leu(16) is in a conformationally restricted site when CGRP(8-37) binds to CGRP(1) receptors, unlike Leu(12) and Leu(15).
Short-wavelength infrared photodetector on Si employing strain-induced growth of very tall InAs nanowire arrays (2015)

One-dimensional crystal growth enables the epitaxial integration of III-V compound semiconductors onto a silicon (Si) substrate despite significant lattice mismatch. Here, we report a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, 1.4-3 μm) photodetector that employs InAs nanowires (NWs) grown on Si. The wafer-scale epitaxial InAs NWs form on the Si substrate without a metal catalyst or pattern assistance; thus, the growth is free of metal-atom-induced contaminations, and is also cost-effective. InAs NW arrays with an average height of 50 μm provide excellent anti-reflective and light trapping properties over a wide wavelength range. The photodetector exhibits a peak detectivity of 1.9 × 10(8) cm · Hz(1/2)/W for the SWIR band at 77 K and operates at temperatures as high as 220 K. The SWIR photodetector on the Si platform demonstrated in this study is promising for future low-cost optical sensors and Si photonics.
Variable-spectral-response optical waveguide Bragg grating filters for optical signal processing (1995)

A simple method is described that permits the spectral response (spectral width, shape, and center resonant wavelength) of an optical waveguide Bragg grating to be controlled accurately in a prescribed manner. The control methodology consists of bonding the Bragg grating along the length of a mechanical support structure, which is then loaded with an appropriate force distribution. The function of the support structure is to transfer the strain induced by loading to the grating, thus modifying the grating's spectral response in accordance with the variation in effective optical pitch induced by the strain transfer. We design and demonstrate a support structure that provides independent control over the spectral width and center wavelength of a Bragg grating.
Automatic gradient threshold determination for edge detection (1996)

We describe a method to automatically find gradient thresholds to separate edge from nonedge pixels. A statistical model that is the weighted sum of two gamma densities corresponding to edge and nonedge pixels is used to identify a threshold. Results closely match human perceptual thresholds even under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels.
Development of a micro-nozzle and ion mobility spectrometer in LTCC (2004)

Multilayer ceramic packaging materials provide a versatile platform to fabricate a wide variety of devices from sensors to micro-nozzles. Our research is focused on developing robust sensors for underground deployment and monopropellant micro nozzles for satellite attitude adjustment applications. An LTCC monopropellant micro-nozzle is being developed and tested to provide small thrust vectors for satellite attitude adjustments. High purity hydrogen peroxide undergoes a strong exothermic decomposition reaction in the presence of a silver catalyst. A micro-nozzle and catalyst chamber has been designed to convert hydrogen peroxide liquid to functional thrust. The device uses internal fluidic channels to direct the propellant to a silver lined catalyst chamber. The catalyst decomposes the propellant into water vapor and oxygen at temperatures near 1029 K. The hot gases are then expelled through a contoured nozzle to provide thrust. Complex internal geometric features are created using a CNC milling machine. An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is being developed for permanent deployment below ground to continuously analyze groundwater pollutants. Each segment was constructed of multiple layers of green tape. Five Kovar inserts were embedded in the device to function as ion gates. Reduction in size, hermeticity and system integration was made possible by the novel use of LTCC packaging technology.
Efficient document retrieval in main memory (2007)

Disk access performance is a major bottleneck in traditional information retrieval systems. Compared to system memory, disk bandwidth is poor, and seek times are worse.
Gold Nanoparticle Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

A novel counter electrode material for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) composed of nanostructured Au particles decorated on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) is demonstrated for the first time. MWNTs synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique are purified and functionalized by treating with concentrated acids. Au nanoparticles are decorated on f-MWNTs by a rapid and facile microwave assisted polyol reduction method. The materials are characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The DSSC fabricated with Au/f-MWNTs based counter electrode shows enhanced power conversion efficiency (eta) of 4.9% under AM 1.5G simulated solar radiation. In comparison, the reference DSSCs fabricated with f-MWNTs and Pt counter electrodes show eta of 2.1% and 4.5%. This high performance of Au/f-MWNTs counter electrode is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies.
The cohesin complex and its roles in chromosome biology (2008)

Cohesin is a chromosome-associated multisubunit protein complex that is highly conserved in eukaryotes and has close homologs in bacteria. Cohesin mediates cohesion between replicated sister chromatids and is therefore essential for chromosome segregation in dividing cells. Cohesin is also required for efficient repair of damaged DNA and has important functions in regulating gene expression in both proliferating and post-mitotic cells. Here we discuss how cohesin associates with DNA, how these interactions are controlled during the cell cycle; how binding of cohesin to DNA may mediate sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair, and gene regulation; and how defects in these processes can lead to human disease.
Expression of the <i>DMBT1</i> Gene Is Frequently Suppressed in Human Lung Cancer (1999)

DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that has been mapped to chromosome 10q25.3-q26.1, a region in which frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been observed in several human tumors. Since DMBT1 is highly expressed in the lung, we analyzed LOH at the DMBT1 locus and expression of this gene in lung cancer. Thirty-five (53%) of 66 primary lung cancers showed LOH, and diminished expression of DMBT1 was observed in 20 (91%) of 22 lung cancer cell lines: three (14%) of them showed loss of expression. We further determined the primary structure of DMBT1 and analyzed genetic alterations in this gene using 23 lung cancer cell lines. Two (9%) of them had homozygous deletion within the gene, and two cell lines had genetic aberrations: one was a rearrangement involving exons 5 and 6, and the other was a missense mutation at codon 52. These results suggest that inactivation of the DMBT1 gene plays an important role in human lung carcinogenesis.