gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluid flow due to sediment loading—an application to the Arabian Gulf region (1987)

Summary Fluid pressure in excess of hydrostatic pressure can be generated during sediment loading. The rate of increase in the excess fluid pressure (psi Ma −1 ) can be calculated from the sedimentation rate (ft Ma −1 ) of a formation and its average bulk density. Further, the inferred directions of horizontal migration of the compaction fluid can be shown by means of a contour map based on the rate of increase in the excess fluid pressure, the first derivative of which gives the intensity of the horizontal motion of the compaction fluid (psi Ma −1 mile −1 ). The horizontal fluid movement may be essential for driving hydrocarbons towards a trapping position during the primary stages of migration. Application of this technique using the regional isopach maps of the Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary formations in the Arabian Gulf region suggests that the major oil fields are concentrated in areas of relatively strong horizontal fluid movement. The area N of the Qatar Peninsula, where horizontal migration of fluid was relatively weak during the Cretaceous period when both the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks reached their early stages of oil generation, seems to have relatively low concentrations of oil. At present there are relatively few oil fields in this part of the region.
A Qualitative Analysis of Privilege Escalation (2006)

Many programming bugs can lead to privilege escalation, which is a major security concern. However, there are times when the concern proves to be a false positive. In a previous paper, "An Approach to Analyzing the Windows and Linux Security Models", a set of metrics was proposed to assess risks quantitatively Xinyue Song, et al (2006). However, with the risk quantified, there is still not a clearly defined way of distinguishing between the true and false positives on the continuum of security risks. An effective method needs to be developed to solve this problem. In this paper, a new set of qualitative metrics is proposed in order to draw a correct conclusion on the criticality of a privilege escalation case. This set of qualitative metrics works more effectively to answer this question. Two cases are examined to demonstrate how this set of qualitative metrics works. Through a comparison of these two cases, it is demonstrated that the question of true or false positive to privilege escalation can be answered correctly. Therefore, this is an effective solution in solving this different type of problems
Combination of calcitonin and pamidronate for emergency treatment of malignant hypercalcemia. (1998)

To combine the rapid hypocalcemic effects of calcitonin with the delayed effects of pamidronate, a combination of a single dose of pamidronate and serial doses of eel calcitonin was administered to five patients with malignant hypercalcemia for 2 to 5 days. The serum calcium levels of all five patients fell within 24 h after administration of pamidronate and the first dose of calcitonin and decreased to normal within 4 days. The mean level of corrected serum calcium fell from 15.3 mg/dl (range 14.1-16.4 ) to 9.2 mg/dl (8.9-9. 6) at the nadir. No toxicity or side effects were found. The results of this study demonstrate the value of combining the rapidly acting antiresorptive and renal calciuretic effects of calcitonin with the slower, but more potent effects of pamidronate. The combination of calcitonin and pamidronate allowed rapid, long-term control of hypercalcemia and it is regarded as the first choice of treatment in severe hypercalcemia.
Metalated Nitriles:  Chelation-Controlled Cyclizations to <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> Hydrindanes and Decalins (2007)

Chelation provides a powerful means of stereocontrol in alkylations of metalated nitriles. Doubly deprotonating a series of cyclic beta-hydroxynitriles triggers cyclizations that implicate metalated nitrile intermediates having configurations imposed by chelation with an adjacent, chiral lithium alkoxide. Identifying chelation as a general stereocontrol element explains several previously anomalous alkylations of metalated nitriles and provides a potential solution to the long-standing difficulty of synthesizing trans-hydrindanes. Employing chelation to control the metalated nitrile geometry permits selective cyclizations to cis and trans hydrindanes and decalins and provides key insight into the geometrical requirements of these demanding cyclizations.
A 400 mW 50-380 MHz CMOS programmable clock recovery circuit (2002)

A high-speed programmable phase-locked loop (PLL) for clock extraction and is presented. This circuit has been manufactured in a 0.8 um CMOS process. The programmable clock recovery PLL can recover a clock from NRZ random data up to 380 Mb/s at which the power consumption is 400 mW from a single 5 volt supply. The chip requires only an external standard crystal to work. Typical performance yields an output clock with peak-to-peak jitter of 6 degree for random data input at 380 Mb/s.
<title>Advanced Bandwidth Compression Schemes</title> (1979)

Bandwidth compression schemes have found useful application in preventing the jamming of transmitted information. Such data reduction methods are particularly needed in the case of RPV imagery transmission. The Night Vision & Electro-Optics Laboratory has initiated funding of separate studies to access the feasibility of obtaining 1000 to 1 and 10,000 to 1 compression ratios. The achievement of such ratios necessitates a considerable degree of local intelligence in which specially selected scene information only, is transmitted. The 1000 to 1 concept involves sending with fidelity, just such information that is deemed to be of probable value to the RPV mission. In the case of 10,000 to 1 ratio the image is segmented, classified and only coordinates and image descriptors are transmitted.
THIAZOLOISOQUINOLINES: I. THE SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLO[4,5-<i>c</i>]ISOOUINOLINE (1966)

Thiazolo[4,5-c]isoquinoline (I), a new heterocyclic ring system, has been synthesized from 3-aminoisoquinoline (II) in four steps by reaction with potassium thiocyanate and bromine to give 3-amino-4-thiocyanoisoquinoline (VII), cyclization with hydrochloric acid to yield 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-c]isoquinoline (VIII), Sandmeyer reaction to give 2-chlorothiazolo-[4,5-c]isoquinoline (IX), and finally reduction with hydrogen iodide and red phosphorus to yield I. The attempted preparation of I via 3-amino-4-bromoisoquinoline was unsuccessful. Various 2-substituted derivatives of I were prepared by nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atom in 2-chIorothiazolo[4,5-c]isoquinoline. The nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectra of I and some of its derivatives were studied.
PCR detection of an A/G polymorphism within exon 7 of the CYP1A1 gene (1991)

Journal Article PCR detection of an A/G polymorphism within exon 7 of the CYP1A1 gene Get access S.-I. Hayashi, S.-I. Hayashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Watanabe, J. Watanabe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Nakachi, K. Nakachi 1Departments of Epidemiology, Saitarna Cancer Center Research InstituteIna-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 326, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Kawajin K. Kawajin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 17, 11 September 1991, Page 4797, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.17.4797 Published: 11 September 1991
cdc25a and the splicing variant cdc25b2, but not cdc25B1, -B3 or -C, are over-expressed in aggressive human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (2000)

cdc25 is a family of phosphatases that activate the cyclin-dependent kinases at different points of the cell cycle. cdc25A and -B, but not -C, have been shown to have oncogenic potential. Three different splicing variants of the cdc25B gene, cdc25B1, -B2 and -B3, have also been identified. Experimental studies suggest that cdc25B2 may be more active in vivo than cdc25B3 and -B1, but the relative expression of these splicing variants in human tumors is not known. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of cdc25A, -B1, -B2, -B3 and -C mRNA in 9 non-neoplastic lymphoid samples, 89 non-Hodgki&ngrave;s lymphomas and 9 hematological cancer cell lines by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. cdc25A, -B and -C protein expression was examined by Western blot. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and reactive tissues expressed cdc25B1 and -B3 mRNA and very low or undetectable levels of cdc25A, -B2 and -C. High levels of cdc25A and cdc25B2 were found in 35% and 39% of the tumors, respectively, and they were more frequently observed in aggressive than in indolent lymphomas. cdc25B1 and -B3 splice variants were detected in virtually all tumors, and no significant differences were found between high- and low-grade lymphomas. cdc25A and -B protein expression was also higher in aggressive than in indolent lymphomas. cdc25C expression was relatively low in virtually all cases. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cdc25A and -B2, but not cdc25B1, -B3 and -C, are over-expressed in a relatively large number of malignant lymphomas and may participate in the pathogenesis of aggressive variants.
The flotation of fine and coarse particles (2007)

Endothelial dysfunction and a sedentary lifestyle may be involved in the development of hypertension which is proliferative among middle-aged African Americans (AA). Signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acid molecules known as eicosanoids influence vascular tone. The relationship between aerobic fitness and eicosanoid formation following exercise in middle-aged African American hypertensives is unknown. Purpose. To determine the relationship between aerobic capacity and eicosanoid formation after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged AA hypertensives. Methods. Ten sedentary hypertensive AA underwent 50 min of aerobic exercise at 65% VO(2)max. Urine was collected for 24 hr on two occasions, prior to testing and immediately following the bout of exercise. Urinary metabolites of prostacyclin (6-keto PGF(1α)) and thromboxane (11-dTXB(2)) were measured during the day and night periods by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. 6-keto PGF(1α) levels significantly increased (P = .04) following the bout of exercise compared to the control day. There was a significant relationship (r = .49, P < .05) between 6-keto PGF(1α) levels and VO(2)max during the exercise day. Conclusion. Based on this preliminary study, there appears to be a relationship between aerobic capacity and exercise-induced 6-keto PGF(1α) production in middle-aged hypertensive AAs. AAs with lower VO(2)max had lower 6-keto PGF(1α) formation.
Application of Fracture Mechanics to Failure in Manatee Rib Bone (2005)

Quantitative fractography and fracture mechanics can be combined to estimate the fracture toughness of the material in manatee rib bone. Fracture toughness of subadult and calf manatees appears to increase as the size of the manatee increases. Average fracture toughness of the manatee rib bone materials is less than the transverse fracture toughness of human and bovine tibia and femur.
Co-culture Microdevice with Oxygen Gradient for Tumor Microenvironment Model and Metastasis Imaging (2012)

Tumor hypoxia is a major therapeutic problem since it decreases radiation effects and leads to metastasis. Oxygen is delivered to tumor tissue via abnormal and dysfunctional microvessels, which forms heterogeneity of tissue oxygenation in the tumor. Mimicking the oxygen gradient for cellular experiments <i>in vitro</i> is important to clarify the mechanisms involved in tumor biology, but the only method to produce hypoxic conditions at a constant level is using gas-controlled incubators, because there is currently no technique for creating an oxygen gradient using culture dishes. We designed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device integrated with microchannels for cell cultures that enables visualization of cellular distribution under a microscope and co-culture to determine interactions between cancer and other cells. Phosphorescence-based partial oxygen measurements quantified the oxygen gradient, which can be controlled by the gas pressure between the inlet and outlet of the device. A monoculture of endothelial cells with an oxygen gradient in the device showed an increase in cell death in the hypoxic area. In addition, Lewis lung carcinoma cells co-cultured with endothelial cells showed gradient-dependent migration through a membrane pore filter, indicating that the interaction between tumor and endothelial cells under hypoxia is crucial in metastasis. The results suggest that the developed microdevice can be used to study the mechanisms of tumor metastasis under hypoxic conditions.
Structure and Future of the BABP (1975)

The BABP was founded in 1972 as an interdisciplinary Association to advance the theory and practice of behavioural psychotherapy in a wide variety of settings. Its membership includes nurses, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers and teachers.3 The Association has lost no time in getting off the ground. The BABP was responsible for organisation of the successful conference of the European Association of Behaviour Therapy in Heathrow in July, 1974, and for its own annual conference in Leicester in April 1973, including a special national conference which it sponsored on The Psychiatric Nurse as Therapist; proceedings of the latter were published as a Special Supplement to the Nursing Times in 1973 and were distributed to members. The BABP has also sponsored many workshops and meetings round the county, and its members have been represented to the Department of Health and Social Security on two issues of major importance viz. the possible registation of psychotherapists (a questionnaire and agenda of a meeting are enclosed with this newsletter) and the ethics of behavioural treatments.
EEG-based communication: a pattern recognition approach (2000)

We present an overview of our research into brain-computer interfacing (BCI). This comprises an offline study of the effect of motor imagery on EEG and an online study that uses pattern classifiers incorporating parameter uncertainty and temporal information to discriminate between different cognitive tasks in real-time.
A JFET-CMOS Fast Preamplifier for Segmented Germanium Detectors (2008)

A JFET-CMOS fast charge-sensitive preamplifier for germanium detectors, able to operate at cryogenic temperatures, has been designed, realized, and characterized. The monolithic part of the circuit is realized in a mature 5 V 0.8 m Si CMOS technology, which yields better performances than scaled technologies in this case. The input transistor is an external Si JFET, which can be easily replaced if necessary. The charge-to-voltage gain and the fall-time are as well set through an external RC network. The circuit works in the wide temperature range of 196 to 55 C and is able to drive a terminated coaxial cable with an exceptionally fast and clean transition. Namely, with a detector capacitance of 16 pF and a negative power supply of 3 V it is able to provide a 2.4 V pulse onto a 100 load in less than 13 ns with no ringing. The static power consumption is 8 mW excluding the JFET. The area occupancy of the integrated circuit is as little as 366275 . The noise performance with a 16 pF detector capacitance is 110 r.m.s. electrons both at room temperature and at C, at a quasi-Gaussian shaping time of 10 s. The obtained performance is adequate for gamma-ray spectroscopy and pulse-shape analysis with bulky HPGe segmented detectors.
Doherty amplifier with envelope tracking for high efficiency (2010)

A Doherty amplifier assisted by a supply modulator is presented using 2.14 GHz GaN HEMT saturated power amplifier (PA). A novel envelope shaping method is applied for high power-added efficiency (PAE) over a broad output power range. Experimental comparison with the Doherty and saturated PAs with the supply modulator is carried out. For the 8 dB crest factor WCDMA 1FA signal, the Doherty PA supported by the modulator presents the improved PAE over the broad output power region compared to the standalone Doherty PA. In addition, it achieves better PAE than the saturated PA with the supply modulator due to the lower crest factor envelope signal applied to the Doherty PA. At the maximum average output power, back-off by 8 dB from the peak power, the Doherty amplifier employing bias adaptation shows the PAE of 50.9%, while the comparable saturated PA with supply modulator and standalone saturated Doherty amplifier and saturated PA provide the PAEs of 42.3%, 49.7%, and 35.0%, respectively.
Identification of two cysteine residues involved in the binding of UDP‐GalNAc to UDP‐GalNAc:polypeptide <i>N</i>‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GalNAc‐T1) (2002)

Biosynthesis of mucin-type O-glycans is initiated by a family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, which contain several conserved cysteine residues among the isozymes. We found that a cysteine-specific reagent, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (PCMPS), irreversibly inhibited one of the isozymes (GalNAc-T1). Presence of either UDP-GalNAc or UDP during PCMPS treatment protected GalNAc-T1 from inactivation, to the same extent. This suggests that GalNAc-T1 contains free cysteine residues interacting with the UDP moiety of the sugar donor. For the functional analysis of the cysteine residues, several conserved cysteine residues in GalNAc-T1 were mutated individually to alanine. All of the mutations except one resulted in complete inactivation or a drastic decrease in the activity, of the enzyme. We identified only Cys212 and Cys214, among the conserved cysteine residues in GalNAc-T1, as free cysteine residues, by cysteine-specific labeling of GalNAc-T1. To investigate the role of these two cysteine residues, we generated cysteine to serine mutants (C212S and C214S). The serine mutants were more active than the corresponding alanine mutants (C212A and C214A). Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the affinity of the serine-mutants for UDP-GalNAc was decreased, as compared to the wild type enzyme. The affinity for the acceptor apomucin, on the other hand, was essentially unaffected. The functional importance of the introduced serine residues was further demonstrated by the inhibition of all serine mutant enzymes with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. In addition, the serine mutants were more resistant to modification by PCMPS. Our results indicate that Cys212 and Cys214 are sites of PCMPS modification, and that these cysteine residues are involved in the interaction with the UDP moiety of UDP-GalNAc.
Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil with sodium borohydride‐reduced catalysts (1966)

Abstract The reaction of metallic salts in aqueous solution with sodium borohydride produces finely divided metals that are catalytically active for hydrogenation. Salts of nickel, cobalt, palladium and platinum give active catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of soybean oil. Iron and silver salts, when reduced with sodium borohydride, show no activity at 200C and atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The cobalt catalyst produces the least amount of stearate. Incorporation of palladium, platinum, copper or chromium up to 2% enhance the activity of the nickel catalyst. Copper and chromium salts, when reduced together, form catalysts that hydrogenate linolenyl groups in soybean oil seven times more rapidly than linoleyl groups. No stearate formation is observed with these binary catalysts.
Hugoniot Analysis of Composite Materials (1971)

A generalized set of conservation equations (i.e., the Hugoniot relations) across a disturbance propagating through a composite material with a steady velocity are derived within the framework of the Theory of Inter acting Continua. By providing a rational basis for comparison, the analysis clarifies the differences between the earlier studies in this field. In addition, the present development of the material interactions simplifies the Hugo niot analysis and corrects some misconceptions about the interaction terms. The materials are treated as discrete immiscible fluids with zero strength. The theory is directly applicable to homogenized mixtures or composites laminated in the direction of wave propagation. Binary mixtures have been employed to demonstrate certain aspects of the present formulation. Some numerical calculations are included which illustrate the significance of different constitutive assumptions on the nature of the interaction
The Hobbs Act After Lopez (2000)

In 1995, in United States v. Lopez, the Supreme Court for the first time in five decades struck down a statute enacted by Congress under the Commerce Clause. In holding the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 unconstitutional, the Court established, that Congress' authority under the Commerce Clause is subject to outer limits, and that the Supreme Court will strike down federal statutes that obliterate the distinction between what is national and what is local. This Note reviews the Court's holding in Lopez, and argues in favor of the adoption of a two-step approach as the proper judicial inquiry regarding jurisdictional challenges to the Hobbs Act. The adoption of this two-step approach will ensure a return to the limited application of the Hobbs Act intended by Congress and will preserve our government's first principle—that the federal government is one of limited, enumerated powers.
An Analysis of the Effect of Frequency, Environment, Materials Variations and Test Modes in Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Flexible Pipe Armour Wires. (2012)

Abstract Corrosion fatigue testing of flexible pipe armour wires requires specialist equipment and controls in order to simulate the conditions and service in a flexible pipe annulus. There has been a significant amount of testing, collective studies and analysis performed over many years that have attempted to establish design curves for flexible pipe armours, however there are still areas of disagreement over some aspects of testing. This paper will provide a best practice guide to testing, analyse and compare data from such testing, and discuss those issues in dispute to draw conclusions based on controlled tests. Potential influences on test results include: frequency effects; performance of welds; the effect of iron saturation; the effect of testing with high partial pressures of CO2 in both sweet and sour environments; wire size effects and supplier variation (for the same specification of wire). Example comparisons and conclusions on each of these will be presented.