gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Small Round Structured Virus Infections in Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Tokyo (1989)

During the three-year period from 1984 to 1987, 506 acute gastroenteritis outbreaks involving 14,383 patients were reported to the Bureau of Public Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Eighty (4,324 patients) of 150 outbreaks (4,860 patients) from which etiologic agents were not identified were subjected to virological investigation. Spherical particles of 28-32 nm in diameter with capsomere-like structures on the surface were detected in patients' stool specimens. Buoyant density of the particles appeared to be 1.36 to 1.40 g/ml in CsCl. Seroconversion to the particles was observed in patients by immune electron microscopy. From these observations, we concluded that the detected particles were members of small round structured virus (SRSV), and that they were implicated in the etiologically ill-defined outbreaks encountered. Prevalence of SRSV infections in these outbreaks was examined by electron microscopy. SRSV was positive in 83.8% of the outbreaks, and 96.4% of the cases. SRSV-positive outbreaks usually occurred during winter in contrast to bacterial outbreaks which often occurred in the summer season. Of 80 outbreaks examined, 53 were associated with the ingestion of oysters, and the remaining 27 mostly with food other than oysters. Oyster-associated outbreaks usually occurred on a small scale, while unassociated ones on diverse scales ranged from family clusters to large outbreaks.
Diamond at the nanoscale: applications of diamond nanoparticles from cellular biomarkers to quantum computing (2007)

Although nanocrystalline diamond powders have been produced in industrial quantities, mainly by detonation synthesis, for many decades their use in applications other than traditional polishing and grinding have been limited, until recently. This paper presents the wide-ranging applications of nanodiamond particles to date and discusses future research directions in this field. Owing to the recent commercial availability of these powders and the present interest in nanotechnology, one can predict a huge increase in research with these materials in the very near future. However, to fully exploit these materials, fundamental as well as applied research is required to understand the transition between bulk and surface properties as the size of particles decreases.
Green tea polyphenols in drug discovery: a success or failure? (2011)

Green tea is made from unfermented dried leaves from Camellia sinensis and has been consumed by humans for thousands of years. For nearly as long, it has been used as a folk remedy for a wide array of diseases. More recently, a large number of in-vitro and in-vivo scientific studies have supported this ancient contention that the polyphenols from green tea can provide a number of health benefits. Since these compounds are clearly safe for human consumption and ubiquitous in the food supply, they are highly attractive as lead compounds for drug discovery programs. However, as drugs, they are far from optimum. They are relatively unstable, poorly absorbed, and readily undergo a number of metabolic transformations by intestinal microbiota and human enzymes. Further, since these compounds target a wide array of biological systems, in-vivo testing is rather difficult since effects on alternative pathways need to be carefully eliminated. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the challenges and benefits of pursuing this family of compounds for drug discovery.
The Large Magellanic Cloud R CrB Star - HV 12842 (1985)

The star HV12842 is one of the 5 R CrB stars listed in the catalogue of variable stars in the LMC (Payne-Goposchkin 1971) and is located 4 deg. to the north of 30 Doradus. At this location it falls in the north-eastern part of one of two standard LMC fields used by the UK 1.2 m Schmidt Telescope. Since 1976 a series of I-plates (normally 90 minute exposures of hypersensitized Kodak IV-N emulsion through a Schott RG 715 filter) has been obtained on both the standard fields (LMC (N) and LMC (S)). This paper describes the behaviour of HV 12842 during the period 1976-1985 as it appears on the 38-I-plates of LMC(N) taken with the UK 1.2 m Schmidt Telescope. Earlier, the UBV magnitude at maximum light are given as V=13.65, B−V=0.51, U−B=−0.11 (Sherwood 1974) and the spectral type as F (Feast 1979).
A new method for robust quantitative and qualitative analysis of real-time PCR (2008)

An automated data analysis method for real-time PCR needs to exhibit robustness to the factors that routinely impact the measurement and analysis of real-time PCR data. Robust analysis is paramount to providing the same interpretation for results regardless of the skill of the operator performing or reviewing the work. We present a new method for analysis of real-time PCR data, the maxRatio method, which identifies a consistent point within or very near the exponential region of the PCR signal without requiring user intervention. Compared to other analytical techniques that generate only a cycle number, maxRatio generates several measurements of amplification including cycle numbers and relative measures of amplification efficiency and curve shape. By using these values, the maxRatio method can make highly reliable reactive/nonreactive determination along with quantitative evaluation. Application of the maxRatio method to the analysis of quantitative and qualitative real-time PCR assays is shown along with examples of method robustness to, and detection of, amplification response anomalies.
Crowd Counting in Low-Resolution Crowded Scenes Using Region-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Crowd counting and density estimation is an important and challenging problem in the visual analysis of the crowd. Most of the existing approaches use regression on density maps for the crowd count from a single image. However, these methods cannot localize individual pedestrian and therefore cannot estimate the actual distribution of pedestrians in the environment. On the other hand, detection-based methods detect and localize pedestrians in the scene, but the performance of these methods degrades when applied in high-density situations. To overcome the limitations of pedestrian detectors, we proposed a motion-guided filter (MGF) that exploits spatial and temporal information between consecutive frames of the video to recover missed detections. Our framework is based on the deep convolution neural network (DCNN) for crowd counting in the low-to-medium density videos. We employ various state-of-the-art network architectures, namely, Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), Zeiler and Fergus (ZF), and VGGM in the framework of a region-based DCNN for detecting pedestrians. After pedestrian detection, the proposed motion guided filter is employed. We evaluate the performance of our approach on three publicly available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which significantly improves the performance of the state-of-the-art detectors.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF PROGESTERONE (PREGNANEDIOL) AND OESTROGEN IN PREGNANCY (1942)

In the previous report [Hain, 1940], with a view to examining hormone changes associated with the birth mechanism, the author investigated the output of pregnanediol and of the two combined oestrogens in women approaching parturition and also in one woman throughout the whole of a normal pregnancy. The larger series comprised both normal and toxaemic patients, none of whom received therapy; in no instance was the amount of free oestrogen excreted estimated. The present series investigates the problem of pregnancy and parturition from a different angle, in that it seeks to ascertain the hormone output associated with abortion. The series consists of women with histories of previous miscarriage or showing signs of threatened abortion in the pregnancy investigated, and falls into two parts: the first consisting of five women in whom both the oestrogen and the pregnanediol outputs were ascertained at very frequent intervals, and the second of over 100
A Novel Unidirectional Hybrid Three-Phase Rectifier System Employing Boost Topology (2006)

This paper presents a new hybrid rectifier composed by the parallel association of a single-switch three-phase boost rectifier with a PWM three-phase unidirectional rectifier. According to this proposal, each rectifier processes about a half of the output rated power. Thus, it allows to improve the robustness and to provide a high efficiency to the system. The hybrid rectifier is capable of providing output voltage regulation and power factor correction. An overview of some high power rectifier topologies and the mathematical analysis, the control scheme and the simulation results of the proposed hybrid rectifier are also presented in this paper
Linkage analysis in Dutch familial atypical multiple mole-melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome families. Effect of naevus count. (1993)

Familial atypical multiple mole-melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome is characterized by the familial occurrence of malignant melanoma of the skin in combination with multiple atypical precursor naevi. In the present study we performed linkage analysis in seven Dutch FAMMM families to define the relationship between the ultimate phenotype melanoma and the postulated precursors, atypical (dysplastic) naevi. Various models were defined, varying from melanoma only to various combinations of melanoma and atypical naevi, reflecting the FAMMM phenotype. Using 124 microsatellite markers spread across all autosomes, hints for linkage were obtained between several chromosome 9p markers and a melanoma locus (D9S171; odds for linkage, 275:1). In a model including melanoma and a florid manifestation of atypical naevi a considerably higher lod score was obtained with D9S171 (odds for linkage, 4365:1); models including milder manifestations yielded less support. We conclude that, also in the Dutch FAMMM families, a melanoma gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9 and that multiple atypical naevi, at least in certain cases, seems to be a component of the FAMMM phenotype.
Room Temperature Excitonic Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing from High‐Quality Hexagonal ZnO Microdisks (2011)

High-quality ZnO microdisks are prepared by a vapor phase transport method. The ZnO microdisks have perfect hexagonal shape and exhibit strong excitonic lasing under optical excitation at room temperature. The observed lasing modes match well with whispering gallery modes.
An in vivo Investigation on the Wound-Healing Effect of Two Medicinal Herbs Using an Animal Model with Foot Ulcer (2008)

Further investigation is needed for the identification of the active principles of Radix Rehmanniae.
PLANT LIFE OF THE PACIFIC (1946)

Journal Article PLANT LIFE OF THE PACIFIC Get access DAVID FAIRCHILD DAVID FAIRCHILD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 37, Issue 1, January 1946, Pages 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105537 Published: 01 January 1946
Effects of the Exchange Capacity and Cross-Linking Degree on the Hydration States of Anions in Quantitative Loading onto Strongly Basic Anion-Exchange Resins (2010)

The water content was determined for five strongly basic anion-exchange resins (trimethyammonium type having different exchange capacities and cross-linking degrees by divinylbenzene) in definite anionic forms (ten singly, three doubly, one triply, and one quadruply charged) dried at 25 °C and at a relative humidity of 50%. Incorporation of the results of the previous research on the conventional resins by X-ray absorption fine structure and diffraction methods indicated that the present method gave the number of intrinsic water molecules strongly interacting with an anion. The hydration numbers of weakly hydrating anions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, and ClO₄⁻) and a small anion (F⁻) were independent of the exchange capacity and slightly decreased with an increase in cross-linking, especially at 8%. The small and strongly hydrating ion F⁻ kept the in-water hydration structure to form a water-separated ion pair in the resins, while the other weakly hydrating ions were appreciably dehydrated to form a contact ion pair. The hydration number of a strongly hydrating ion, H₂PO₄⁻, appreciably decreased with increases in both the exchange capacity and cross-linking degree accompanied by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the anions. This may be related to other characteristics of the H₂PO₄⁻ form resin, such as a higher concentration required for quantitative exchange, a systematic change in infrared spectra on the degree of exchange, and facile thermal dehydration, giving H₂P₂O₇²⁻. In contrast, multivalent anions were exchanged without dehydration, due to the larger space allowed for in the resins and the stronger interaction with water compared to those of monovalent anions.
Tissue-specific Structure/Function Differentiation of the Liver Isoform of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (2002)

The crystal structures of the human liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase in three different liganding states were determined and compared with those of the rat testis isozyme. A set of amino acid sequence heterogeneity from the two distinct genes encoding the two different tissue isozymes leads to both global and local conformational differences that may cause the differences in catalytic properties of the two isozymes. The sequence differences in a beta-hairpin loop in the kinase domain causes a translational shift of several hydrophobic interactions in the dimeric contact region, and its propagation to the domains interface results in a 5 degrees twist of the entire bisphosphatase domain relative to the kinase domain. The bisphosphatase domain twist allows the dimeric interactions between the bisphosphatase domains, which are negligible in the testis enzyme, and as a result, the conformational stability of the domain is increased. Sequence polymorphisms also confer small but significant structural dissimilarities in the substrate-binding loops, allowing the differentiated catalytic properties between the two different tissue-type isozymes. Whereas the polymorphic sequence at the bisphosphatase-active pocket suggests a more suitable substrate binding, a similar extent of sequence differences at the kinase-active pocket confers a different mechanism of substrates bindings to the kinase-active pocket. It includes the ATP-sensitive unwinding of the switch helix alpha5, which is a characteristic ATP-dependent conformational change in the testis form. The sequence-dependent structural difference disallows the liver kinase to follow the ATP-switch mechanism. Altogether these suggest that the liver isoform has structural features more appropriate for an elevated bisphosphatase activity, compared with that of the testis form. The structural predisposition for bisphosphatase activity in the liver isozyme is consistent with the liver-unique glucose metabolic pathway, gluconeogenesis.
Performance of Spun Prestressed Concrete Poles During Hurricane Andrew (1994)

A study to assess the performance of spun prestressed concrete poles during Hurricane Andrew is presented. Poles at locations in southern Dade County, Florida, where the storm was most severe, were inspected and found to be in good structural condition. Although the poles cracked and were subjected to high load levels that approached their ultimate strength, cracks appear to have completely closed and the poles maintained their elasticity. Six poles were removed from one site in Homestead for further analysis and for conducting full-scale testing. The testing provided insight as to the performance of spun prestressed concrete poles, their reserve strength, and serviceability behavior after being subjected to a major storm such as Hurricane Andrew. Estimated fastest-mile with speeds during the hurricane were also determined using different American standards and information developed in this study.
Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type and Depression (1986)

This retrospective review of medical records was designed to address three questions: 1) Can the depression seen in some patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) be successfully treated? 2) Does this treatment lead to any long-term improvement in the patient's cognitive status? and 3) Do patients with coexisting DAT and depression have a different long-term clinical course than nondepressed DAT patients? In the authors' sample of 131 DAT subjects, 41 (31%) also met DMS-III criteria for a major affective disorder. Of those DAT plus depression patients whose records reflected treatment (usually with a tricyclic antidepressant), 85% (17 of 20) showed clear evidence of improvement in mood, vegetative signs, or activities of daily living (ADLs) based on review of the medical record. An analysis of change in cognitive function (measured by the Folstein Mini-Mental State) and five global measures failed to reveal any differences between the depressed and nondepressed groups after a mean interval of 17 months. The depression that occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of DAT patients appears to respond to appropriate therapy. These patients often show improvement in their mood and ADLs but remain demented.
Turbulence Modeling for Time-Dependent RANS and VLES: A Review (1998)

Reynolds stress models and traditional large-eddy simulations are reexamined with a view toward developing a combined methodology for the computation of complex turbulent flows. More specifically, an entirely new approach to time-dependent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations and very large-eddy simulations (VLES) is presented in which subgrid scale models are proposed that allow a direct numerical simulation (DNS) to go continuously to a RANS computation in the coarse mesh/infinite Reynolds number limit. In between these two limits, we have a large eddy simulation (LES) or VLES, depending on the level of resolution. The Reynolds stress model that is ultimately recovered in the coarse mesh/infinite Reynolds number limit has built in nonequilibrium features that make it suitable for time-dependent RANS. The fundamental technical issues associated with this new approach, which has the capability of bridging the gap between DNS, LES and RANS, are discussed in detail. Illustrative calculations are presented along with a discussion of the future implications of these results for the simulation of the turbulent flows of technological importance.
Colloidal crystals in magnetic fluid (1984)

Monodispersed polystyrene spheres with diameters in the μm range are mixed with magnetic fluid and confined to thin layers between two glass plates. In an external magnetic field H, polarization of the magnetic fluid produces an apparent magnetic moment Mv associated with each sphere due to the displaced volume V. For low fields, Mv=−VχeffH, where χeff is the effective volume susceptibility of the fluid. For fields parallel to the layer, there is an apparent attractive dipolar interaction between the spheres producing long chains. By applying fields normal to the layer, the spheres behave as repulsive dipoles forming triangular lattices. This offers a novel model system for studies of phase transition phenomena. The direct visual observation of the collective behavior of such spheres will be presented.
The primitive metazoan <i>Hydra</i> expresses antistasin, a serine protease inhibitor of vertebrate blood coagulation: cDNA cloning, cellular localisation and developmental regulation (1992)

We have isolated and characterized cDNAs from Hydra which encode antistasin, a potent inhibitor of factor Xa in the vertebrate blood clotting cascade. Hydra antistasin is expressed in gland cells and represents a major class of transcripts from Hydra's head. Sequence analysis revealed that Hydra antistasin contains 6 internal repeats of a 25-26 amino acid sequence with a highly conserved pattern of 6 cysteine and 2 glycine residues identical to that in leech antistasin. Conservation of antistasin in a lower metazoan provides a potential link between the vertebrate and invertebrate coagulation systems.
Early Detection of Rollovers with Associated Test Development (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A number of studies, using data from NASS-CDS, have shown a large percentage of rollover crashes can be classified as tripped events. In many cases, the requirements for a tripped rollover detection algorithm are driven by the timely activation of an occupant containment device. To meet these requirements rollover detection algorithms have been developed by utilizing vehicle roll rate, lateral and vertical accelerations data collected primarily from laboratory tests.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This study identifies and examines several challenges associated with developing a rollover detection algorithm with enhanced capabilities. Enhancement of the detection algorithm is explored by considering additional vehicle responses: forward velocity and sideslip angle. With the additional signals, discrimination of rollover crashes from other crash modes is discussed. Potential field/laboratory test modes are proposed to generate the additional vehicle signals. The new test modes are designed to challenge the detection algorithm, better represent field conditions and be used in development of strategies for occupant restraint system devices.</div>
A new decision making algorithm for airbag control (1995)

Airbag systems have been introduced to supplement the seat belt system primarily to reduce head injuries. Most of the present airbag systems use distributed mechanical sensors, which are costly, not easy to calibrate, and not effective to trigger the airbag on time for different types of crashes. An electronic sensor is more effective in the sense that the signal from the accelerometer can be digitized and analyzed to study the behavior of the signal for different types of crashes. Unfortunately, most of the algorithms which are used for electronic sensors still have some problems. They either fail to trigger the airbag on time for several types of high speed crashes such as pole and angle crashes, or if they do trigger at these crashes they also trigger at low speed barrier crashes. A new algorithm for an electronic sensor is presented. This algorithm has been developed by analyzing a large volume of data obtained from actual crash testing experiments. The algorithm works for all types of crashes. The algorithm has been tested by applying it on real crash testing data. A hardware circuit has also been proposed in the paper, which can be used to implement the algorithm for real-time operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Oral Nalbuphine, Acetaminophen, and Their Combination in Postoperative Pain (1986)

This double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study evaluated the analgesic effects of single oral doses of 30 mg nalbuphine, 650 mg acetaminophen, and the contribution of each to the efficacy of their combination in 128 hospitalized patients with postoperative pain. Subjective reports of patients evaluated each hour for 6 hours were used as indices of analgesic response. Both nalbuphine and acetaminophen were significantly superior to placebo for most measures of total and peak analgesia. The interaction contrast between nalbuphine and acetaminophen was not significant for any analgesic measurements, indicating an additive effect of the components. The combination was the most effective treatment, followed by nalbuphine, acetaminophen, and placebo. Effects of the combination were significantly different from those of acetaminophen at 4, 5, and 6 hours and from those of placebo at 1 to 6 hours. There was no significant difference in the frequency or intensity of side effects among the groups. The combination of nalbuphine and acetaminophen appears to be a therapeutically useful combination.