gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of High-Copy Disruptors of Telomeric Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

The ends of chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiate a repressive chromatin structure that spreads internally and inhibits the transcription of nearby genes, a phenomenon termed telomeric silencing. To investigate the molecular basis of this process, we carried out a genetic screen to identify genes whose overexpression disrupts telomeric silencing. We thus isolated 10 DOT genes (disruptor of telomeric silencing). Among these were genes encoding chromatin component Sir4p, DNA helicase Dna2p, ribosomal protein L32, and two proteins of unknown function, Asf1p and Ifh1p. The collection also included genes that had not previously been identified: DOT1, DOT4, DOT5, DOT6, and TLC1, which encodes the RNA template component of telomerase. With the exception of TLC1, all these genes, particularly DOT1 and DOT4, also reduced silencing at other repressed loci (HM loci and rDNA) when overexpressed. Moreover, deletion of the latter two genes weakened silencing as well, suggesting that DOT1 and DOT4 normally play important roles in gene repression. DOT1 deletion also affected telomere tract length. The function of Dot1p is not known. The sequence of Dot4p suggests that it is a ubiquitin-processing protease. Taken together, the DOT genes include both components and regulators of silent chromatin.
Geldanamycin Inhibits NF- κ B Activation and Interleukin-8 Gene Expression in Cultured Human Respiratory Epithelium (2001)

Geldanamycin is a benzoquinone ansamycin with multiple pharmacologic properties. Recent data demonstrated that geldanamycin conferred protection in an animal model of inflammation-associated acute lung injury. In the current study, we investigated the effects of geldanamycin on interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. Geldanamycin inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-mediated IL-8 gene expression in A549 human respiratory epithelial cells as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern blot analyses. In cells transiently transfected with an IL-8 promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid, geldanamycin inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated luciferase activity. Geldanamycin inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation as measured by electromobility shift assays and transient transfections with a NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter plasmid. In contrast, geldanamycin did not affect TNF-alpha-mediated degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha and did not block nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit as measured by Western blot analyses. Geldanamycin added directly to nuclear extracts of TNF-alpha-treated cells reduced the formation of the NF-kappaB/DNA complex. These results demonstrate that geldanamycin inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated IL-8 gene expression in A549 cells by inhibiting activation of the IL-8 promoter. The mechanism of inhibition involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which is independent of IkappaBalpha degradation or p65 nuclear translocation. Geldanamycin appears to directly inhibit the ability of NF-kappaB to bind DNA. The observed in vitro effects could account, in part, for the anti-inflammatory properties of geldanamycin observed in vivo.
Kinetic Differences Using a Power Knee and C-Leg While Sitting Down and Standing Up: A Case Report (2010)

In Brief Recently, the Power Knee has been made commercially available in limited release offering the ability to generate torque to assist with activities requiring active assist with knee extension. This report describes the kinetic profile of a person with unilateral transfemoral amputation, using two different prosthetic knees while sitting down and standing up. This case study was performed in the Motion Analysis Laboratory at the University of South Florida. The participant was a 65-year-old man with right transfemoral amputation secondary to diabetic complications. The subject used the Otto Bock C-Leg and Ossur Power Knee. Subject performed sitting and standing while using two separate knee prostheses. The main outcome measures were bilateral hip and knee moments, vertical ground reaction force, and degree of asymmetry. While sitting down, the Power Knee resulted in markedly enhanced symmetry with the subject's hip moment asymmetric toward the amputated side. While standing up, the Power Knee produced a more symmetric knee moment. In this subject, the Power Knee produced more symmetry when sitting down compared with standing up. Many clinicians have observed that performing sit to stand and stand to sit (STS) movements in the transfemoral amputee population visually appears to be a onelegged activity, which can lead to overuse and degenerative changes in the sound leg. This report describes the kinetic profile of a person with unilateral transfemoral amputation using two different prosthetic knees, the Otto Bock C-Leg and the Ossur Power Knee, while sitting down and standing up. The main outcome measures were bilateral hip and knee moments, vertical ground reaction force, and degree of asymmetry.
DNAshapeR: an R/Bioconductor package for DNA shape prediction and feature encoding (2015)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Taxane Diterpenoids (1999)

The structures of over 350 taxane diterpenoids are classified and presented with information on their plant source, yield, melting point, and optical activity. The biotransformations and biosynthesis of the taxoids are also reviewed.
Continuously available net entry synchronization technique (2002)

The design and performance of a net entry synchronization technique for use in a high-hop-rate antijam system is presented. The technique transmits a continuous hidden preamble, imbedded in the communication waveform, to allow new units with large initial time error to enter the network by aligning their timing with the network time. Since the hidden preamble is continuously transmitted, any unit can enter the network at any time, and can repeat the acquisition process as many times as necessary to achieve specific performance requirement. A net entry process is essential to establishing a frequency-hopping communication network. The net entry synchronization concept presented can be applied to all frequency-hopping networks, but the design is particularly refined for protection against the communication jamming and multipath fading found in the high-frequency (HF) communication band. The synchronization scheme is analyzed, and it is shown that in a Rayleigh fading channel, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 8 dB, a receiver can achieve 99% probability of network entry within 3.25 s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Avoidance of Primary Post-tonsillectomy Hemorrhage in a Teaching Program (1999)

A uniform technique including the use of bismuth subgallate and reassessment of the tonsillar fossae after a 3-minute observation period reduces the incidence of primary tonsillar hemorrhage in a teaching institution setting.
An Investigation on the Uncertainty in Batch Gibbsite Precipitation Experimental Data (2000)

A study on the uncertainty in batch gibbsite precipitation data was undertaken. The uncertainty in the data was determined from six repeated experiments. Comparisons of the transient crystal size distribution (CSD) data demonstrated that poor CSD reproducibility was obtained during the induction period of the precipitation process. The reason for the poor reproducibility in this region is uncertain but may be due to the difficulty in the precise measurement of fines. However, CSD data obtained after the induction period were found to be very reproducible. It was found that the 95% probable errors in total crystal numbers and third moment were within 15%. The 95% probable error for crystal numbers in the first size interval was significantly higher.
<i>In vivo</i> measurement of skin erythema and pigmentation: new means of implementation of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a commercial instrument (2008)

The results demonstrate that the presented methodology provides an objective noninvasive way of measuring UV-induced reactions independently of the level of constitutive pigmentation.
Evaluation of switching performance of a virtual software router (2012)

Software routers are an alternative low-cost and moderate-performance router solutions implemented with general-purpose workstations able to host two or more network interface cards (NICs). Workstations can be programmed to forward packets between different NICs and to participate in routing functions. The value of software routers lies on their low cost and on the flexibility to modifying routing and switching functions. Machine virtualization can be used to model novel protocols or hardware systems, however, implemented in software and without modifications to the host's kernel. This virtualization allows the implementation of not only one but also multiple (and independent) virtual systems. Virtualization of software routers, called virtual software routers, is then a possible application of this technology. However, because of the software platforms, virtualized machines are expected to suffer from performance degradation. In this paper, we investigate the switching performance of a virtual software router and compare it to that of a software router. We present the performance of virtual software routers hosted by different workstations, with single and multiple processing cores.
[Monitoring renal microcirculation perfusion alteration with contrast-enhanced ultrasound during cardiopulmonary bypass]. (2013)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has a dramatic impact on renal microcirculation in pediatric patients which manifest as global reduction in renal perfusion as well as significant region perfusion difference. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) could detect the renal microcirculation alteration during CPB.
Early Events in T-Cell Maturation (1987)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Lesions of Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor–deficient Mice (1997)

We have analyzed the possible role of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the aging process of mice using a homozygous null mouse (Ahr-/-) line as a model. We studied 52 male and female Ahr-/- mice aged from 6-13 months. Forty-six percent died or were ill by 13 months of age. Ahr-/- mice developed age-related lesions in several organs, some of which were apparent after only 9 months of age. Cardiovascular alterations included cardiomyopathy (100%) with hypertrophy and focal fibrosis. Vascular hypertrophy and mild fibrosis were found in the portal areas of the liver (81%), and vascular hypertrophy and mineralization were common in the uterus (70%). Gastric hyperplasia that progressed with age into polyps was evident in the pylorus of 71% of the mice over 9 months of age. Ahr-/- mice had T-cell deficiency in their spleens but not in other lymphoid organs. The immune system deficiency described previously could be the origin for the rectal prolapse found in 48% of the null mice, associated with Helicobacter hepaticus infection. In the dorsal skin (53% incidence), severe, localized, interfollicular and follicular epidermal hyperplasia, with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, and marked dermal fibrosis, associated with the presence of anagenic hair follicles, were also evident. None of these lesions were found in 42 control (Ahr +/+ or +/-) mice of similar ages. These observations suggest that the AHR protein, in the absence of an apparent exogenous (xenobiotic) ligand, plays an important role in physiology and homeostasis in major organs in mice, and further supports an evolutionary conserved role for this transcription factor.
Cross-Contamination of Cells in Culture (1981)

Lists are presented of references to all known publications describing cell properties that serve to characterize (i) known strains of HeLa and purported human cell lines indicated as HeLa contaminants, (ii) strains of human cell lines contaminated with human but non-HeLa cells, and (iii) strains of cells contaminated by cells from one or more other species. Frequencies of cell cross-contaminations are cited and references are presented to relatively simple techniques that could serve to detect such contamination.
Identification of Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Carriage in Less than 1 Hour during a Hospital Surveillance Program (2005)

This novel PCR assay allows reliable identification of MRSA carriers in <1 h. This test should facilitate the efficacy of MRSA surveillance programs.
All metal insert E-plane filter with integrated extracted pole resonator (2012)

All-metal insert E-plane band-pass filter with asymmetric frequency response is presented. The extracted pole technique is used to introduce transmission zero. The proposed metal-insert E-plane extracted pole resonator is suitable for direct integration with straight waveguide section. An additional modification of the structure is offered which facilities the design process and makes practical implementation more feasible. The discussed structure provides solution for all-metal E-plane filters with two transmissions zeros of extracted pole variety and proves to be particularly useful in diplexer design. The concept was validated by designing and manufacturing a 4-order filter with a transmission zero located on the upper side of the pass-band.
Cellular Immune Responses to ESAT-6 Discriminate between Patients with Pulmonary Disease Due to<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex and Those with Pulmonary Disease Due to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1999)

ESAT-6 (for 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target) is a secreted antigen found almost exclusively in organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. We compared in vitro gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to this antigen in patients with pulmonary disease due to either Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis with those in healthy, skin test-negative, control subjects. Significant IFN-gamma responses to ESAT-6 were detected in 16 (59%) of 27 M. tuberculosis pulmonary disease patients, 0 (0%) of 8 MAC disease patients, and 0 (0%) of 8 controls. Significant IFN-gamma responses to M. tuberculosis purified protein derivative were detected in 23 (85%) of 27 M. tuberculosis disease patients, 2 (25%) of 8 MAC disease patients, and 5 (63%) of 8 healthy controls. M. avium sensitin was recognized in 24 (89%) of 27 M. tuberculosis disease patients, 4 (50%) of 8 MAC disease patients, and 1 (13%) of 8 controls. IFN-gamma responses to ESAT-6 are specific for disease due to M. tuberculosis and are not observed in patients with MAC disease or in healthy controls.
Cost effectiveness analysis of improved blood pressure control in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 40 (1998)

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the economic efficiency of tight blood pressure control, with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or β blockers, compared with less tight control in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: Cost effectiveness analysis incorporating within trial analysis and estimation of impact on life expectancy through use of the within trial hazards of reaching a defined clinical end point. Use of resources driven by trial protocol and use of resources in standard clinical practice were both considered. Setting: 20 hospital based clinics in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Subjects: 1148 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes from UK prospective diabetes study randomised to tight control of blood pressure (n=758) or less tight control (n=390). Main outcome measure: Cost effectiveness ratios based on ( a ) use of healthcare resources associated with tight control and less tight control and treatment of complications and ( b ) within trial time free from diabetes related end points, and life years gained. Results: Based on use of resources driven by trial protocol, the incremental cost effectiveness of tight control compared with less tight control was cost saving. Based on use of resources in standard clinical practice, incremental cost per extra year free from end points amounted to £1049 (costs and effects discounted at 6% per year) and £434 (costs discounted at 6% per year and effects not discounted). The incremental cost per life year gained was £720 (costs and effects discounted at 6% per year) and £291 (costs discounted at 6% per year and effects not discounted). Conclusions: Tight control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes substantially reduced the cost of complications, increased the interval without complications and survival, and had a cost effectiveness ratio that compares favourably with many accepted healthcare programmes.
ATTRACTION OF <i>RHAGOLETIS</i> FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TO RED SPHERES OF DIFFERENT SIZES (1977)

Abstract When different size sticky-coated red spheres were positioned within the foliage canopy of sour cherry or apple trees, more Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) flies were always captured on 7.5-cm-diam. ones than on 3.4 or 1.5 cm ones. Early in the season, 7.5 cm spheres attracted fewer or about as many R . pomonella as 23 cm spheres, but later on, 7.5 cm spheres always attracted more. R . fausta (Osten Sacken) and R . cingulata (Loew) flies were always more attracted to 7.5 cm spheres than to any other size tested. However, both these species showed a proportionately greater attraction to smaller spheres than did R . pomonella . The phenomena of super-normal stimuli and learning are proposed as possible explanations of certain of these findings.
Experimental studies on the relations between thyroidal function and gonadal function (1963)

成熟雌ラッテにおいて,甲状腺機能の低下にともなって,雄ラッテの場合1)と同様,性機能の低下,即ち,性周期の乱調,生殖器官の萎縮が認められた。これに,甲状腺ホルモン製剤を補なうことにより,性周期の正常回復が認められた。
Optical properties of diamond (1991)

The optical properties of diamond are examined in the energy region up to 25 eV. A modified parabolic-band model is used to explain existing experimental data on the dispersion of the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function. Optical properties such as reflectance, index of refraction, and extinction coefficient are also determined in the same region.
Comparison of Three Different Methods for Measurement of Plaque-pH in Humans after Consumption of Soft Bread and Potato Chips (1993)

Three different techniques for measurement of plaque-pH--the sampling, the microtouch, and the telemetric methods--were compared after subjects had consumed different starch products. Ten volunteers, equipped with partial lower prostheses, incorporating a miniature glass pH electrode, refrained from toothbrushing for 3 days. Four products were tested: (1) soft bread, (2) potato chips, (3) 5% starch, and (4) 5% sucrose. The pH of plaque was measured for 45 min by means of all three of the methods. The results showed that the mean pH at 10 min was 1.5 units lower with the telemetric than with the sampling method and 1.0 unit lower with the telemetric than with the microtouch method. Relatively small differences were found among the effects of the four test products for all three methods, with the clearest distinctions among the pH curves being with the microtouch and telemetric methods. The main conclusions from the present investigation are: (1) that there were large differences in pH levels measured with the sampling, the microtouch, and the telemetric methods, even though they ranked the test products in about the same order, and (2) that the two starchy foods, bread and potato chips, were both easily fermented by dental plaque.
Thermoresponsive Layer-by-Layer Assemblies for Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery (2014)

Layer-by-layer (LbL) capsules, known for their versatility and smart response to environmental stimuli, have attracted great interest in drug delivery applications. However, achieving a desired drug delivery system with sustained and tunable drug release is still challenging. Here, a thermoresponsive drug delivery system of solid dexamethasone nanoparticles (DXM NPs, 200 ± 100 nm) encapsulated in a model LbL assembly of tunable thickness consisting of strong polyelectrolytes poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PDAC/PSS) is constructed. The influence of various parameters on drug release, such as number of layers, ionic strength of the adsorption solution, temperature, and outermost layer, is investigated. Increasing the number of layers results in a thicker encapsulating nanoshell and decreases the rate of dexamethasone release. LbL assemblies created in the absence of salt are most responsive to temperature, yielding the greatest contrast in drug release. Relationships between drug release and LbL architecture are attributed to the size and concentration of free volume cavities within the assemblies. By tailoring the properties of those cavities, a thermoresponsive drug delivery system may be obtained. This work provides a promising example of how LbL assemblies may be implemented as temperature-gated materials for the controlled release of drug, thus providing an alternative approach to the delivery of therapeutics with reduced toxic effects.
The sonar ring: Obstacle detection for a mobile robot (2005)

Ultrasonic pulse-echo devices have shown utility for obstacle detection in numerous mobile robot research efforts, as well as in commercial automatic guided vehicles (AGVs). A method for quickly obtaining multiple sonar range readings is presented. Thirty ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a ring and controlled by a computer. The system is predominantly composed of commercially available parts. Hardware specifications and operation details of this system are outlined.
Factors Affecting X-ray Diffraction Characteristics of Catalyst Materials (1989)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a major tool employed to identify and characterize catalytic materials. A brief review of the diffraction phenomenon and the effect of crystallite size is presented. Applications of XRD to catalyst characterization are illustrated, including correlation of XRD powder patterns to molecular structural features, determination of Pt crystallite size and others. Factors that affect the appearance of XRD powder patterns, such as framework structure perturbations, extraframework material, crystal morphology, impurities, sample preparation, instrument configurations, and x-ray sources, are discussed.
Integration of GPR with stratigraphic and lidar data to investigate behind-the-outcrop 3D geometry of a tidal channel reservoir analog, upper Ferron Sandstone, Utah (2007)

Highly compartmentalized reservoirs are commonly attributed to heterogeneous facies as well as vertical/horizontal stratigraphic trends associated with depositional cycles. Detailed information on stratigraphic heterogeneity is essential to fully exploit a reservoir. Subseismic-scale reservoir stratigraphy can be investigated in outcrop by integrating multiple high-resolution sedimentological data, lidar (light detection and ranging) data, and GPR (ground-penetrating radar) data. This combination of different data sets can help to characterize ancient tidal channels exposed in outcrops, which are considered to be heterogeneous compartmentalized sandstone reservoir analogs. This multidisciplinary approach not only attempts to describe rarely seen Cretaceous tidal-channel deposits at the Dry Wash outcrop (Figure 1) in three dimensions, but it also demonstrates how the different types of data can be integrated to better understand ancient complex shallow-marine depositional systems.
The General Council on Zoological Nomenclature (1943)

The undersigned zoologists, resident in the United States of America, at the invitation of the Committee on Nomenclature of the American Society of Mammalogists and with the co-operation of the “American Commission on Scientific Nomenclature” of the Entomological Society of America, do hereby associate themselves together as a society and certify as follows: