gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin Gene: Identification of Missense Variants and a Frameshift Mutation in Extremely Obese Children and Adolescents and Healthy Normal Weight Students (2002)

Ghrelin induces obesity via central and peripheral mechanisms. Administration of ghrelin leads to increased food intake and decreased fat utilisation in rodents. Ghrelin levels are decreased in obese individuals. Recently, a polymorphism (Arg-51-Gln) within the ghrelin gene (GHRL) was described to be associated with obesity. We screened the GHRL coding region in 215 extremely obese German Children and adolescents (study group 1) and 93 normal weight students (study group 2) by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP). We found the two previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP: Arg-51-Gln and Leu-72-Met) in similar frequencies in study groups 1 and 2 (allele frequencies were: 0.019 and 0.016 for the 51-Gln allele and 0.091 and 0.086 for the 72-Met allele, respectively). Hence, we could not confirm the previous finding. Additionally, two novel variants were identified within the coding region: (1) We detected one healthy normal weight individual with a frameshift mutation (2bp deletion at codon 34). This frameshift mutation affects the coding region of the mature ghrelin. Hence, it is highly likely that the normal weight student is haplo-insufficient for ghrelin. (2) An A to T transversion leads to an amino acid exchange from Gln to Leu at amino acid position 90. The frequency of the 90-Leu allele was significantly higher in the extremely obese children and adolescents (0.063) than in the normal weight students (0.016; nominal p = 0.011). Additionally, we genotyped 134 underweight students and 44 normal weight adults for this SNP. Genotype frequencies were similar in extremely obese children and adolescents, underweight students and normal weight adults (p > 0.8). In conclusion, we identified four sequence variants in the coding region of the ghrelin gene in individuals belonging to different weight extremes. A frameshift mutation was detected in a normal weight individual. None of the variants seem to influence weight regulation.
S-FACTOR OF LIVER EXTRACT IN ACNE VULGARIS (1954)

Although the rationale for use of crude liver extract in the management of acne vulgaris has not been definitely established, many dermatologists consider it to be helpful. Sutton,<sup>1</sup>in 1928, first recommended liver in the form of a liver diet. Later Marshall<sup>*</sup>isolated from boiled liver extract a substance which proved to have therapeutic value for acne vulgaris; this he called S-factor or "skin factor." His work precipitated clinical studies by Lichenstein and Stillians<sup>8</sup>and by Boreen.<sup>9</sup>Although over half the patients in each series improved, the results were considered disappointing not only from the standpoint of effectiveness of treatment but also that of length of time required for improvement. These unenthusiastic reports apparently discouraged other investigators, for no further studies were published until 1948, when Walters<sup>10</sup>emphasized the value of crude liver and boiled liver extracts as supportive therapy. Nierman<sup>11</sup>noted definite
User Attention Model based Video Summarization (2004)

Automatic generation of video summarization is one of the key techniques in video management and browsing. In this paper, we present a generic framework of video summarization based on the modeling of viewer’s attention. Without fully semantic understanding of video content, this framework takes advantage of understanding of video content, this framework takes advantage of computational attention models and eliminates the needs of complex heuristic rules in video summarization. A set of methods of audio-visual attention model features are proposed and presented. The experimental evaluations indicate that the computational attention based approach is an effective alternative to video semantic analysis for video summarization.
Room-Level Wi-Fi Location Tracking (2018)

Context-aware applications for indoor intelligent environments require an appropriately accurate and stable interior positioning system to adapt services to the location of a mobile user or mobile device in a building. Different technologies provide a varying mix of resolution, accuracy, stability and challenges. In this paper we report on our experience using an existing Wi-Fi infrastructure without specialized hardware added to support location tracking. There are several approaches to track the location of Wi-Fi enabled devices within a building such as signal propagation models and signature matching. We found signature matching most effective in our environment. Signature matching is accomplished by storing Wi-Fi signatures (signal strengths observed for several detectable access points) for each room and comparing the current signature on the device to stored signatures to find the closest match. In this paper we explain experiments we conducted to explore and optimize Wi-Fi location tracking in one building. While we had hoped for more accurate positioning, we found that only room-level granularity was consistently and reliably achieved. The accuracy of Wi-Fi location tracking is improved as more signature points are stored, but is significantly reduced by the presence of people moving in the area. It also appears that strategically placed access points within a building can contribute to optimum room-level disambiguation of location. Use of a histogram of signal strengths for signatures at a single location may offer a good compromise between a single average and storing a large number of signatures needed for improved accuracy.
Emergence of Bursting Activity in Connected Neuronal Sub-Populations (2014)

Uniform and modular primary hippocampal cultures from embryonic rats were grown on commercially available micro-electrode arrays to investigate network activity with respect to development and integration of different neuronal populations. Modular networks consisting of two confined active and inter-connected sub-populations of neurons were realized by means of bi-compartmental polydimethylsiloxane structures. Spontaneous activity in both uniform and modular cultures was periodically monitored, from three up to eight weeks after plating. Compared to uniform cultures and despite lower cellular density, modular networks interestingly showed higher firing rates at earlier developmental stages, and network-wide firing and bursting statistics were less variable over time. Although globally less correlated than uniform cultures, modular networks exhibited also higher intra-cluster than inter-cluster correlations, thus demonstrating that segregation and integration of activity coexisted in this simple yet powerful in vitro model. Finally, the peculiar synchronized bursting activity shown by confined modular networks preferentially propagated within one of the two compartments ('dominant'), even in cases of perfect balance of firing rate between the two sub-populations. This dominance was generally maintained during the entire monitored developmental frame, thus suggesting that the implementation of this hierarchy arose from early network development.
Statistical multiplexing of multiple time-scale Markov streams (1995)

We study the problem of statistical multiplexing of cell streams that have correlations at multiple time-scales. Each stream is modeled by a singularly perturbed Markov-modulated process with some state transitions occurring much less frequently than others. One motivation of this model comes from variable-rate compressed video, where the fast time-scale dynamics may correspond to correlations between adjacent frames, while the slow time-scale dynamics may correspond to correlations which in the same scene of a video sequence. We develop a set of large deviations results to estimate the buffer overflow probabilities in various asymptotic regimes in the buffer size, rare transition probabilities, and the number of streams. Using these results, we characterize the multiplexing gain in both the channel capacity and the buffering requirements and highlight the impact of the slow time-scale of the streams.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rational Design of Cancer-Drug Combinations (2007)

Systematic muting of gene expression in a cell line of non–small-cell lung cancer indicates potentially therapeutic drug combinations.
Expression of growth factors and receptors during specific phases in regenerating urothelium after acute injury in vivo. (1994)

We investigated the spatio-temporal changes in RNA and protein expression of growth factors and their receptors by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry during regeneration after acute injury of mouse urothelium in vivo. These data were correlated with changes in morphology and proliferation during regeneration. Except for an enhanced muscular transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and TGF-beta type II receptor expression, changes in expression patterns of growth factors or receptors were confined to the urothelium. Increased mucosal RNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and particularly of type I IGF receptor, as well as fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) but not of FGF-2, coincided with re-epithelialization and urothelial proliferation. Both high levels of urothelial TGF-beta 1 RNA and protein expression were associated with re-epithelialization and differentiation. In addition, TGF beta type II receptor protein expression was similarly enhanced in the same urothelial cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) RNA was expressed constitutively in the mucosa but decreased in the reepithelialization phase. The data are consistent with the notion that urothelial regeneration can be achieved by paracrine or autocrine acting, urothelium-derived growth factors. Since analogous growth factor RNA expression patterns in regenerating skin epidermis have been found, a more general growth factor-regulated mechanism for epithelial regeneration may be suggested.
Peptide Purification by Reverse-Phase HPLC (2003)

The increasing sophistication and sensitivity of microsequencing of peptides and proteins in recent years have presented the biochemist with the feasibility of primary structural determinations on low-picomole quantities of material. This has led to a plethora of structural data in many different areas of interest, which would until now have taken decades of effort to produce. Complementary to the increased sensitivity of analytical technology has been the application of HPLC in the rapid and highly discriminating separation of biomolecules. If such fractionations are interfaced with a specific rapid detection system, such as an immunoassay for the peptide or protein of interest, then purification to homogeneity from a crude extract can be accomplished in a matter of days. Purification to homogeneity is an absolute prerequisite for successful and meaningful structural analyses. Reverse-phase HPLC is usually the technique of choice for isolation procedures, but if complex biological material represents the starting point of an isolation, it is wise to perform a degree of sample clean up and/or concentration initially. Much of what applies to peptide isolation from complex biological material is also relevant to purification of synthetic peptides from resin eluates.
Scanned photoluminescence of semiconductors (1992)

Photoluminescence (PL) scanning is used to assess a number of material- or process-related concerns in semiconductors. Since it is a non-destructive, non-contact technique, it can be used at any stage of the fabrication process. It was first used to examine dislocation distributions in GaAs and its value was well established when good correlations were found between PL contrast and device electrical properties. With the advent of whole ingot annealing it became possible to determine the 'quality' of the annealing step by the residual PL contrast across the wafer; this too correlated with electrical properties. The theory of PL output efficiency at room temperature was developed and this efficiency was shown to depend most on the surface recombination velocity. PL scans thus became valuable for looking at surface passivation effects and the effects of chemical treatment. The theory was extended to explain the phenomenon of PL decay as a function of atmosphere, surface treatment and passivation.
The effects of three adjuvants on the retention of insecticide formulations by cabbage leaves (1996)

Abstract Reflection of pesticide droplets from plant leaves is a source of inefficiency in pesticide application. This work assesses the effect of three chemically distinct spray adjuvants on the retention of droplets. Three different insecticide formulations (EC, SC & WP) were assayed in the laboratory and measurements of the static surface tension and viscosity of the formulations were made. The results show that the ability of the adjuvants to increase retention varies with insecticide formulation type. The highest percentage of droplets were retained with the EC formulation, fewer droplets were retained with the SC and WP formulations. The addition of adjuvants did not effect the performance of the EC formulation, the performance of the SC and WP formulations were enhanced by the addition of the adjuvants. The greatest increase in the performance of these formulations occurred with a wetting/spreading agent. These changes were not related to changes in static surface tension or viscosity.
Non-enzymic catalysis of oxalate decarboxylation by light and flavins (1972)

Research Article| September 01 1972 Non-enzymic catalysis of oxalate decarboxylation by light and flavins B Halliwell B Halliwell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1972) 129 (2): 497–498. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1290497 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B Halliwell; Non-enzymic catalysis of oxalate decarboxylation by light and flavins. Biochem J 1 September 1972; 129 (2): 497–498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1290497 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1972 London: The Biochemical Society1972 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Apoptotic human cells inhibit migration of granulocytes via release of lactoferrin (2008)

Apoptosis is a noninflammatory, programmed form of cell death. One mechanism underlying the non-phlogistic nature of the apoptosis program is the swift phagocytosis of the dying cells. How apoptotic cells attract mononuclear phagocytes and not granulocytes, the professional phagocytes that accumulate at sites of inflammation, has not been determined. Here, we show that apoptotic human cell lines of diverse lineages synthesize and secrete lactoferrin, a pleiotropic glycoprotein with known antiinflammatory properties. We further demonstrated that lactoferrin selectively inhibited migration of granulocytes but not mononuclear phagocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we were able to attribute this antiinflammatory function of lactoferrin to its effects on granulocyte signaling pathways that regulate cell adhesion and motility. Together, our results identify lactoferrin as an antiinflammatory component of the apoptosis milieu and define what we believe to be a novel antiinflammatory property of lactoferrin: the ability to function as a negative regulator of granulocyte migration.
Nicotinamide prolongs survival of primary cultured hepatocytes without involving loss of hepatocyte-specific functions (1989)

When hepatocytes isolated from adult rats were cultured in the presence of 10 mM nicotinamide, insulin- and epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were found to be greatly stimulated, and the cells were able to be kept alive for more than one month. In the nicotinamide-treated hepatocytes, albumin and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase mRNAs were present at much higher levels than in the untreated control, and the inducibility of tryptophan oxygenase gene expression by dexamethasone and glucagon was also preserved. Without nicotinamide, primary cultured hepatocytes were viable for only 5-7 days and the hepatocyte-specific phenotypes were rapidly lost. The intracellular NAD level was maintained in the nicotinamide-treated hepatocytes at or above the level in intact liver but depleted in hepatocytes without nicotinamide. These results suggest that the maintenance of the intracellular NAD level is essential for the growth and functioning of hepatocytes and that nicotinamide can preserve the NAD level by blocking NAD degradation as well as by acting as a precursor for NAD synthesis.
Microalgal Biotechnology in the Production of Nutraceuticals (2010)

17.1 Microalgae in the Human Food Chain 280 17.1.1 Scale of Microalgal Nutraceutical Production 281 17.1.2 Production Costs of Microalgal Biomass 283 17.1.3 Microbiological Food Quality Assurance 283 17.1.4 Health Concerns with Microalgal Products 285 17.1.5 Quality by Self-Regulation 285 17.2 Lipid Production with Microalgae 286 17.2.1 Lipid
Regularized estimation of mixture models for robust pseudo-relevance feedback (2006)

Pseudo-relevance feedback has proven to be an effective strategy for improving retrieval accuracy in all retrieval models. However the performance of existing pseudo feedback methods is often affected significantly by some parameters, such as the number of feedback documents to use and the relative weight of original query terms; these parameters generally have to be set by trial-and-error without any guidance. In this paper, we present a more robust method for pseudo feedback based on statistical language models. Our main idea is to integrate the original query with feedback documents in a single probabilistic mixture model and regularize the estimation of the language model parameters in the model so that the information in the feedback documents can be gradually added to the original query. Unlike most existing feedback methods, our new method has no parameter to tune. Experiment results on two representative data sets show that the new method is significantly more robust than a state-of-the-art baseline language modeling approach for feedback with comparable or better retrieval accuracy.
A case study in mapping conceptual designs to object-relational schemas (2000)

The recent emergence of object-relational technology into the commercial database market has caused new challenges for the implementation of conceptual database designs. This paper presents our experience with using the Oracle 8 object-relational data model in the implementation of an engineering application described using the EXPRESS conceptual modeling language. EXPRESS is part of the engineering community's Standard for the Exchange of Product Data and can be characterized as a structurally object-oriented modeling language, supporting the notion of entities, entity hierarchies, complex constraints on entity hierarchies, relationships and inverse relationships between entities, and user-defined types. As a result, EXPRESS provides an excellent framework for studying the mapping of conceptual modeling concepts into an object-relational model. In this paper, we describe the way in which the features of EXPRESS can be mapped into object-relational features such as object tables, object references, and nested tables. We also describe the manner in which features such as member functions on object types, triggers, and stored procedures can be used to support the implementation of constraints associated with a conceptual schema. Although the mappings presented are specific to EXPRESS and Oracle 8, the mappings are generalizable to conceptual modeling languages and object-relational models with similar features. Our work defines how traditional mapping concepts must be revised in order to make adequate use of the features now found in object-relational models. As part of this paper, we also compare our mapping approach using Oracle 8 to mapping issues for the PostgreSQL object-relational model and the Objectivity/DB object-oriented data model. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a remote practice office. (1987)

Remote practice offices (RPOs) offer unique opportunities for hospitals and physicians to increase market share from targeted areas where previously only limited demand existed. This article discusses the benefits and explores the fundamentals of developing a remote practice office.
Correlation Between Otorhinolaryngologic Evaluation and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Snorers (2005)

To examine whether medical history and nasopharyngeal examination are useful for predicting obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to compare these findings with those of the gold standard, polysomnography.Patients underwent polysomnography recordings for 2 nights and an otorhinolaryngologic examination, including flexible endoscopy and the Muller maneuver. Nasal and pharyngeal findings were scored in a semiquantitative way. The medical history of each patient was taken using a standardized questionnaire. Anatomic and functional findings and patient history were correlated with the mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).An otorhinolaryngologic clinic.A total of 101 patients presenting with a primary complaint of snoring.Differences between patients with OSAS and primary snorers were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test (anatomic findings), t test (Muller maneuver), and chi(2) test after Pearson correlation (questionnaire). P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.The mean +/- SD AHI of the patients was 19.7 +/- 21.5); 52 patients had an AHI higher than 10, which confirmed the diagnosis of OSAS. These patients tended to report the occurrence of apneas more frequently than patients with an AHI of 10 or lower. The average ranks (Mann-Whitney findings) of patients with AHIs higher than 10 vs those with AHIs of 10 or lower were 52 vs 50 for septal deviation; 50 vs 52 for tonsil size; 53 vs 49 for low velum level; and 56 vs 46 for hyperplasia of the tongue base. None of these differences reached statistical significance. Mean +/- SD narrowing of the airway during the Müller maneuver was significantly (P<.05) more pronounced in patients with an AHI higher than 10 than in patients with an AHI of 10 or lower at the levels of the velum (80% +/- 20% vs 68% +/- 30%) and the tongue base (57% +/- 24% vs 44% +/- 27%).None of the reported medical history and/or anatomic parameters alone or in combination could be used to distinguish patients with OSAS from snoring patients. Snoring patients, therefore, should be examined at least by a nocturnal screening test for OSAS before any therapeutic decision is made.