gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actin Can Act as a Cofactor for a Viral Proteinase in the Cleavage of the Cytoskeleton (2002)

Cytoskeletal proteins are exploited by many viruses during infection. We report a novel finding that actin can act as a cofactor for the adenovirus proteinase (AVP) in the degradation of cytoskeletal proteins. Transfection studies in HeLa cells revealed AVP localized with cytokeratin 18, and this was followed by destruction of the cytokeratin network. For AVP to cleave cytokeratin 18, a cellular cofactor was shown to be required, consistent with AVP being synthesized as an inactive proteinase. Actin was considered a cellular cofactor for AVP, because the C terminus of actin is homologous to a viral cofactor for AVP. AVP was shown to bind to the C terminus of actin, and in doing so AVP exhibited full enzymatic activity. In vitro, actin was a cofactor in the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 by AVP. The proteinase alone could not cleave cytokeratin 18, but in the presence of actin, AVP cleaved cytokeratin 18. Indeed, actin itself was shown to be a cofactor and a substrate for its own destruction in that it was cleaved by AVP in vitro. Cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins weakens the structure of the cell, and therefore, actin as a cofactor may play a role in cell lysis and release of nascent virions.
An Efficient Venturi Scrubber System to Remove Submicron Particles in Exhaust Gas (2005)

An efficient venturi scrubber system making use of heterogeneous nucleation and condensational growth of particles was designed and tested to remove fine particles from the exhaust of a local scrubber where residual SiH4 gas was abated and lots of fine SiO2 particles were generated. In front of the venturi scrubber, normal-temperature fine-water mist mixes with high-temperature exhaust gas to cool it to the saturation temperature, allowing submicron particles to grow into micron sizes. The grown particles are then scrubbed efficiently in the venturi scrubber. Test results show that the present venturi scrubber system is effective for removing submicron particles. For SiO2 particles greater than 0.1microm, the removal efficiency is greater than 80-90%, depending on particle concentration. The corresponding pressure drop is relatively low. For example, the pressure drop of the venturi scrubber is approximately 15.4 +/- 2.4 cm H2O when the liquid-to-gas ratio is 1.50 L/m3. A theoretical calculation has been conducted to simulate particle growth process and the removal efficiency of the venturi scrubber. The theoretical results agree with the experimental data reasonably well when SiO2 particle diameter is greater than 0.1 microm.
Providing End-to-end Bandwidth Guarantees with OpenFlow (2016)

QoS (Quality of Service) control is an important concept in computer networking as it is related to end user experience. End-to-end QoS guarantees, in particular, can give firm guarantees to end hosts. Unfortunately, it has never actually been used on the Internet since it was deemed too complicated. With the emergence of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow as its most popular standards, we have an opportunity to re-introduce the QoS control concept. The centralized nature and programmability of OpenFlow allow more flexible and more simple QoS control. In this thesis, we propose an end-to-end bandwidth guaranteeing model for OpenFlow. The primary design consideration of the model is to allow QoS flow to send more than its guaranteed rate. To further maximize the overall network utilization, best-effort flows are allowed to use any unused bandwidth in the network. Bandwidth borrowing concept is employed to achieved this. To ensure that it will not affect the guaranteed bandwidth for the QoS flows, we analyze the reliability of the bandwidth borrowing concept in Linux HTB, which is used as the underlying mechanism of OpenFlow queue. From the simulations, we found that the borrowed bandwidth is returned instantly when a QoS flow requires the bandwidth. Thus, it is possible to guarantee bandwidth and maximize bandwidth utilization at the same time. We also explore the possibility of using OpenFlow meter table for traffic aggregation. The aggregation only puts overheads in the first switch, but no other complexities added in the subsequent switches. Therefore, it solves the scalability problem which commonly associated with end-to-end QoS guarantees.
Cacao polyphenolic substances. 5. The structure of cacao ‘leucocyanidin 1’ (1960)

Research Article| February 01 1960 Cacao polyphenolic substances. 5. The structure of cacao ‘leucocyanidin 1’* W. G. C. Forsyth; W. G. C. Forsyth 1Colonial Microbiological Research Institute, Port of Spain, Trinidad Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. B. Roberts J. B. Roberts 1Colonial Microbiological Research Institute, Port of Spain, Trinidad Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1960) 74 (2): 374–378. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0740374 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. G. C. Forsyth, J. B. Roberts; Cacao polyphenolic substances. 5. The structure of cacao ‘leucocyanidin 1’. Biochem J 1 February 1960; 74 (2): 374–378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0740374 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Dual ErbB1/ErbB2 Inhibitor, Lapatinib (GW572016), Cooperates with Tamoxifen to Inhibit Both Cell Proliferation- and Estrogen-Dependent Gene Expression in Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer (2005)

Abstract Effective treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers with tamoxifen is often curtailed by the development of drug resistance. Antiestrogen-resistant breast cancers often show increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor family members, ErbB1 and ErbB2. Tamoxifen activates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27 to mediate G1 arrest. ErbB2 or ErbB1 overexpression can abrogate tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer lines through both reduction in p27 levels and inhibition of its function. Here we show that the dual ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor, lapatinib (GW572016), can restore tamoxifen sensitivity in ER-positive, tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer models. Treatment of MCF-7pr, T-47D, and ZR-75 cells with lapatinib or tamoxifen alone caused an incomplete cell cycle arrest. Treatment with both drugs led to a more rapid and profound cell cycle arrest in all three lines. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B were inhibited by lapatinib. The two drugs together caused a greater reduction of cyclin D1 and a greater p27 increase and cyclin E-cdk2 inhibition than observed with either drug alone. In addition to inhibiting mitogenic signaling and cell cycle progression, lapatinib inhibited estrogen-stimulated ER transcriptional activity and cooperated with tamoxifen to further reduce ER-dependent transcription. Lapatinib in combination with tamoxifen effectively inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant ErbB2 overexpressing MCF-7 mammary tumor xenografts. These data provide strong preclinical data to support clinical trials of ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitors in combination with tamoxifen in the treatment of human breast cancer.
Detection of acute changes in circulating troponin in the setting of transient stress test-induced myocardial ischaemia using an ultrasensitive assay: results from TIMI 35 (2008)

Transient stress test-induced myocardial ischaemia is associated with a quantifiable increase in circulating troponin that is detectable with a novel, ultrasensitive TnI assay.
Seeking, Delaying, and Avoiding Routine Health Care Services: Patient Perspectives (2013)

Increasing comfort, improving appointment and visit-related processes, having positive patient-physician relationships, and enhancing communication and clinician-provided education may facilitate appropriate use of preventive services. Further research is needed with larger, representative samples to evaluate findings.
Speical Issue Imaging Processing-Algorithm and System. An optimal Histogram Segmentation Method Using Peak Detection and Its Application to Threshold Selection. (1991)

an optimal histogram segmentation method using peak detection based
Three-dimensional MMIC technology and application to millimeter-wave MMICs (2002)

Three-dimensional MMIC is a significantly promising technology for accurate and easy design and low-cost fabrication of millimeter-wave MMICs. Passive circuit components and amplifiers in the 50 and 60-GHz bands are demonstrated.
YouTube-VOS: A Large-Scale Video Object Segmentation Benchmark (2018)

Learning long-term spatial-temporal features are critical for many video analysis tasks. However, existing video segmentation methods predominantly rely on static image segmentation techniques, and methods capturing temporal dependency for segmentation have to depend on pretrained optical flow models, leading to suboptimal solutions for the problem. End-to-end sequential learning to explore spatialtemporal features for video segmentation is largely limited by the scale of available video segmentation datasets, i.e., even the largest video segmentation dataset only contains 90 short video clips. To solve this problem, we build a new large-scale video object segmentation dataset called YouTube Video Object Segmentation dataset (YouTube-VOS). Our dataset contains 4,453 YouTube video clips and 94 object categories. This is by far the largest video object segmentation dataset to our knowledge and has been released at http://youtube-vos.org. We further evaluate several existing state-of-the-art video object segmentation algorithms on this dataset which aims to establish baselines for the development of new algorithms in the future.
An improved empirical relation to determine the particle number density of fluid-like ordered charge-stabilized suspensions (2001)

laboratory experiments to simulate light-scattering by natural and man-made objects, light-scattering by dusts and aerosols of cosmic and Terrestrial origin, application of light-scattering methods to remote sensing in astrophysics and geophysics, light-scattering methods to control material properties in chemical and material-science experiments and in technological processes.The Conference will be accompanied by two workshops:
Evaluation of motor power cables for PWM AC drives (2002)

Three phase power cables installed between the inverter and motor of AC drive systems have been mostly ignored in the years since AC drives have become widely accepted in industrial applications. However, cable characteristics have become quite critical with the advent of faster inverter switching times, which have decreased by a factor of perhaps 20:1 in the last ten years. This paper describes the areas of concern with regard to the power cabling, and a test program to quantitatively evaluate cable related remedies for these problematic areas. A relative ranking of test results is developed comparing the eight cable types tested. Cable connector considerations are examined, together with interconnection of the cable shield, or sheath, and the NEC ground circuits is discussed in light of the test results, and recommendations presented. Cable voltage ratings are discussed and recommendations made. A final cable total performance comparison, including installation factors, are given.
Trastuzumab, Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Gemcitabine in Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2/ <i>neu</i> –Positive Urothelial Carcinoma: Results of a Multicenter Phase II National Cancer Institute Trial (2007)

We prospectively characterized Her-2/neu status in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients. TPCG is feasible; cardiac toxicity rates were higher than projected, but the majority were grade two or lower. Determining the true contribution of trastuzumab requires a randomized trial.
Mactinin treatment promotes wound‐healing‐associated inflammation in urokinase knockout mice (2006)

Mactinin, a 31 kDa fragment from the amino-terminal end of alpha-actinin, is chemotactic for monocytes and can promote monocyte/macrophage maturation. Macrophages are essential for wound healing, in which they play key roles in debridement, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen metabolism. We have previously determined that urokinase is necessary to form mactinin from extracellular alpha-actinin, which may be present at sites of inflammation as a result of cell movement. Thus, urokinase knockout mice are unable to form mactinin and therefore are an ideal model to study mactinin's effects on wound healing. Saline- and mactinin-treated wounds were analyzed in a subcutaneous sponge wound model in both wild-type and urokinase knockout mice. The wounded urokinase knockout mice had markedly decreased leukocyte infiltration compared with wounded wild-type mice. In addition, production of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-12, and of collagen was also decreased in knockouts. Treatment of knockout mice with mactinin resulted in leukocyte infiltration numbers, interleukin-12 levels, and hydroxyproline measurements similar to those in wild-type mice. The results suggest that impaired wound healing in urokinase-deficient mice can be restored by administration of mactinin.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Model With Improved Carrier Mobility Analysis (2015)

This paper presents a SPICE-like graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) model with an improved carrier mobility analysis. The model considers the mobility difference between the electrons and the holes in graphene, as well as the mobility variation against the carrier density. Closed-form analytical solutions have been derived, and the model has been implemented in Verilog-A language. This was compiled into an advanced design system. The proposed model gives excellent agreement between the simulation results and the measurement data for both the hole and electron conduction simultaneously. The model is suitable for the exploration of GFET-based applications, especially for those using the ambipolar transfer property of GFET.
Label Propagation through Linear Neighborhoods (2007)

In many practical data mining applications such as text classification, unlabeled training examples are readily available, but labeled ones are fairly expensive to obtain. Therefore, semi supervised learning algorithms have aroused considerable interests from the data mining and machine learning fields. In recent years, graph-based semi supervised learning has been becoming one of the most active research areas in the semi supervised learning community. In this paper, a novel graph-based semi supervised learning approach is proposed based on a linear neighborhood model, which assumes that each data point can be linearly reconstructed from its neighborhood. Our algorithm, named linear neighborhood propagation (LNP), can propagate the labels from the labeled points to the whole data set using these linear neighborhoods with sufficient smoothness. A theoretical analysis of the properties of LNP is presented in this paper. Furthermore, we also derive an easy way to extend LNP to out-of-sample data. Promising experimental results are presented for synthetic data, digit, and text classification tasks.
Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity (2011)

In human pain experiments, as well as in clinical settings, subjects are often asked to assess pain using scales (eg, numeric rating scales). Although most subjects have little difficulty in using these tools, some lack the necessary basic cognitive or motor skills (eg, paralyzed patients). Thus, the identification of appropriate nonverbal measures of pain has significant clinical relevance. In this study, we assessed heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), and verbal ratings in 39 healthy male subjects during the application of twelve 6-s heat stimuli of different intensities on the subjects' left forearm. Both HR and SC increased with more intense painful stimulation. However, HR but not SC, significantly correlated with pain ratings at the group level, suggesting that HR may be a better predictor of between-subject differences in pain than is SC. Conversely, changes in SC better predicted variations in ratings within a given individual, suggesting that it is more sensitive to relative changes in perception. The differences in findings derived from between- and within-subject analyses may result from greater within-subject variability in HR. We conclude that at least for male subjects, HR provides a better predictor of pain perception than SC, but that data should be averaged over several stimulus presentations to achieve consistent results. Nevertheless, variability among studies, and the indication that gender of both the subject and experimenter could influence autonomic results, lead us to advise caution in using autonomic or any other surrogate measures to infer pain in individuals who cannot adequately report their perception. Skin conductance is more sensitive to detect within-subject perceptual changes, but heart rate appears to better predict pain ratings at the group level.
Comparison of nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium bromide with salbutamol alone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1995)

The routine addition of nebulised ipratropium bromide to salbutamol appears to be of no benefit in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD.
Determination of Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Volumes by Computed Tomography: An Experimental Study in Dogs (1981)

The volume of the dog's liver, kidneys, and spleen were measured by computed tomography (CT) and a water displacement method. Organ volume determination by CT is a rapid, simple procedure that is accurate to +/- 5% of the organ volume measured by water displacement. Individual measurements were reproducible to within +/- 3%. Determination of organ volume has potential importance in a variety of clinical situations.
Antimicrobial Resistance in<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (2007)

Haemophilus influenzae is a major community-acquired pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Meningitis and bacteremia due to type b strains occur in areas where the protein-conjugated type b vaccine is not in use, whereas nontypeable strains are major causes of otitis media, sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance in this organism is more diverse and widespread than is commonly appreciated. Intrinsic efflux resistance mechanisms limit the activity of the macrolides, azalides, and ketolides. beta-Lactamase production is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin. Strains with alterations in penicillin binding proteins, particularly PBP3 (beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant and beta-lactamase positive amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant), are increasing in prevalence, particularly in Japan, with increasing resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and many cephalosporins, limiting the efficacy of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins against meningitis and of many oral cephalosporins against other diseases. Most strains remain susceptible to the carbapenems, which are not affected by penicillin binding protein changes, and the quinolones. The activity of many oral agents is limited by pharmacokinetics achieved with administration by this route, and the susceptibility of isolates based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters is reviewed.
Remotely‐controlled production of the 5-HT1A receptor radioligand, [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635, via 11C-carboxylation of an immobilized Grignard reagent (1996)

WAY-100635 [N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl))-N-(2-pyridyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide], when labelled in its carbonyl position with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min), is an effective radioligand for the study of 5-HT1A receptors in human brain with positron emission tomography (PET). A simple remotely-controlled procedure was developed for the routine synthesis of [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. Thus, cyclohexylmagnesium chloride is coated onto the inner surface of a narrow polypropylene tube. Cyclotron-produced [11C]carbon dioxide is passed into the tube in a nitrogen stream. A solution of thionyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran is then passed through the tube to convert the trapped radioactive adduct into [carbonyl-11C]cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride and to release this labelling agent into a vial containing 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-(2-pyridylamino)ethyl)piperazine plus triethylamine. The vial is sealed and heated to 70°C for 5 min. [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 is isolated by sample-enrichment and reverse phase HPLC and formulated for human intravenous injection by evaporation of solvent and dissolution in ‘saline for injection’. The novel use of the immobilized Grignard reagent has the advantages that only small quantities of all reagents are required so simplifying product purification. Moreover, the procedure was readily adapted for operation in a shielded hot-cell with remote control for radiation safety. The remotely-controlled radiosynthesis takes 45 min and gives high radioactivities (2.96–5.92 GBq) of formulated [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 in > 99% radiochemical purity and high specific radioactivity (average, 192 GBq/μmol).
Loss of Future Earnings: Present Worth Versus Wage Growth (1974)

Loss Of Future Earnings: Present Worth Versus Wage Growth
Modes of Action of Five Different Endopectate Lyases from<i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i>3937 (1999)

Five endopectate lyases from the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi, PelA, PelB, PelD, PelI, and PelL, were analyzed with respect to their modes of action on polymeric and oligomeric substrates (degree of polymerization, 2 to 8). On polygalacturonate, PelB showed higher reaction rates than PelD, PelI, and PelA, whereas the reaction rates for PelL were extremely low. The product progression during polygalacturonate cleavage showed a typical depolymerization profile for each enzyme and demonstrated their endolytic character. PelA, PelI, and PelL released oligogalacturonates of different sizes, whereas PelD and PelB released mostly unsaturated dimer and unsaturated trimer, respectively. Upon prolonged incubation, all enzymes degraded the primary products further, to unsaturated dimer and trimer, except for PelL, which degraded the primary products to unsaturated tetramer and pentamer in addition to unsaturated dimer and trimer. The bond cleavage frequencies on oligogalacturonates revealed differences in the modes of action of these enzymes that were commensurate with the product progression profiles. The preferential products formed from the oligogalacturonates were unsaturated dimer for PelD, unsaturated trimer for PelB, and unsaturated tetramer for PelI and PelL. For PelA, preferential products were dependent on the sizes of the oligogalacturonates. Whereas PelB and PelD displayed their highest activities on hexagalacturonate and tetragalacturonate, respectively, PelA, PelI, and PelL were most active on the octamer, the largest substrate used. The bond cleavage frequencies and reaction rates were used to estimate the number of subsites of each enzyme.