gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the cochlea of various experimental animals (2005)

We demonstrated that VEGF and its receptors are expressed in the cochlea and described their distribution in the inner ear. In particular, VEGF and Flt-1 are present at the level of the modiolus, spiral ganglion, spiral ligament, basilar membrane, supporting cells, outer and inner hair cells and stria vascularis. Flk-1 was less strongly expressed in the cochlea and was not detected in the organ of Corti.
Mutational Analyses of Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein 42 Reveal Functional Domains Not Involved in Receptor Binding but Required for Membrane Fusion (2004)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gammaherpesvirus associated with malignancies of both epithelial and lymphoid origin. Efficient infection of the latent host reservoir B lymphocytes involves the binding of glycoproteins gp350/220 for initial attachment, followed by the concerted action of gH, gL, gB, and gp42 for membrane fusion. The type II membrane protein gp42 is required for infection of B cells and assembles into a complex with gH and gL. The cellular host receptor for gp42, class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA), has been structurally verified by crystallization analyses of gp42 bound to HLA-DR1. Interestingly, the crystal structure revealed a hydrophobic pocket consisting of many aromatic and aliphatic residues from the predicted C-type lectin domain of gp42 that in other members of the C-type lectin family binds major histocompatibility complex class I or other diverse ligands. Although the hydrophobic pocket does not bind HLA class II, mutational analyses presented here indicate that this domain is essential for EBV-induced membrane fusion. In addition, mutational analysis of the region of gp42 contacting HLA class II in the gp42-HLA-DR1 cocrystal confirms that this region interacts with HLA class II and that this interaction is also important for EBV-induced membrane fusion.
A monocular vision-based occupant classification approach for smart airbag deployment (2005)

Occupant classification is essential to a smart airbag system that can either turn off or deploy in a less harmful way according to the type of the occupants in the front seat. This paper presents a monocular vision-based occupant classification approach to classify the occupants into five categories including empty seats, adults in normal position, adults out of position, front-facing child/infant seats, and rear-facing infant seats. The proposed approach consists of image representation and pattern classification. The image representation step computes Haar wavelets and edge features from the monochrome video frames. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier next determines the occupant category based on the representative features. We have tested our approach on a large variety of indoor and outdoor images acquired under various illumination conditions for occupants with different appearances, sizes and shapes. With a strict occupant exclusive training/testing split, our approach has achieved an average correct classification rate of 97.18% among the five occupant categories.
PRODUCTIVE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) INFECTION EXCLUSIVELY IN CD13-POSITIVE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM CMV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS (1998)

Our data suggest that CMV replicates exclusively in CD13-positive PBMCs. These findings have important clinical applications, because the elimination of CD13-positive cells may reduce the risk for transmission of latent CMV in blood products and bone marrow grafts and thereby also decrease the risk for CMV-induced complications, such as chronic graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients.
Uniform, Polycrystalline, and Thermostable Piperine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles to Target Insulin Fibril Assembly (2017)

Because the process of insulin fibril assembly is linked to a multitude of medical problems, finding effective and biocompatible inhibitors against such an aggregation process could be beneficial. Targeting the aggregation-prone residues of insulin may perhaps work as an effective strategy to prevent the onset of insulin fibril assembly. In this work, we have synthesized uniform sized, thermostable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs<sup>piperine</sup>) surface-functionalized with piperine to target amyloid-prone residues of insulin. We found that the process of both spontaneous and seed-induced amyloid formation of insulin was strongly inhibited in the presence of AuNPs<sup>piperine</sup>. Surface functionalization of piperine was found to be critical to its inhibition effect because no such effect was observed for free piperine as well as for uncoated control gold nanoparticles. Fluorescence quenching data revealed binding of AuNPs<sup>piperine</sup> with insulin's native structure which was further validated by docking studies that predicted viable H-bond and CH-π interactions between piperine and key aggregation-prone residues of insulin's B-chain. Our hemolysis assay studies further confirmed that these piperine coated nanoparticles were hemocompatible. Data obtained from both experimental and computational studies suggest that the retention of native structure of insulin and the ability of the piperine molecule to interact with the aggregation-prone residues of insulin are the key factors for the inhibition mechanism. The findings of this work may help in the development of nanoparticle-based formulations to prevent medical problems linked to insulin aggregation.
Graphical simulator for teaching robot with parallel wire type teaching device (2017)

In order to enable operators to teach the desired motion to a robot directly and easily, we are developing a parallel wire type device (PAWTED) which is attached to an end-effector of a robot. However, practical experiments and researching so far shows that there still exists a problem of singular points in which the robot moves fast unstably and out of limitation range in energy aspect. Therefore, we have to analyze movement of a robot in both teaching and playing-back modes as well as the pulling forces and moments which are felt by operators during process of teaching. This paper presents two simulators to simulate those problems. One is used to analyze movement of a 6-dof serial manipulator in both modes. The other one is used to analyze the forces and moments in teaching mode. The movements of the robot and the PAWTED are visualized graphically using Open Graphics Library (OpenGL). These simulators will be combined and used to design control algorithms of avoidance of singular postures.
Phenoxybenzamine in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Potential Role and Novel Mechanisms (2013)

There is a relatively long history of the use of the α -adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). One form of this syndrome, CRPS I, was originally termed reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) because of an apparent dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system in the region of an extremity that had been subjected to an injury or surgical procedure. The syndrome develops in the absence of any apparent continuation of the inciting trauma. Hallmarks of the condition are allodynia (pain perceived from a nonpainful stimulus) and hyperalgesia (exaggerated pain response to a painful stimulus). In addition to severe, unremitting burning pain, the affected limb is typically warm and edematous in the early weeks after trauma but then progresses to a primarily cold, dry limb in later weeks and months. The later stages are frequently characterized by changes to skin texture and nail deformities, hypertrichosis, muscle atrophy, and bone demineralization. Earlier treatments of CRPS syndromes were primarily focused on blocking sympathetic outflow to an affected extremity. The use of an α -adrenergic antagonist such as phenoxybenzamine followed from this perspective. However, the current consensus on the etiology of CRPS favors an interpretation of the symptomatology as an evidence of decreased sympathetic activity to the injured limb and a resulting upregulation of adrenergic sensitivity. The clinical use of phenoxybenzamine for the treatment of CRPS is reviewed, and mechanisms of action that include potential immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effects are presented. Also, a recent study identified phenoxybenzamine as a potential intervention for pain mediation from its effects on gene expression in human cell lines; on this basis, it was tested and found to be capable of reducing pain behavior in a classical animal model of chronic pain.
Segmenting Clustered Nuclei Using H-minima Transform-Based Marker Extraction and Contour Parameterization (2010)

In this letter, we present a novel watershed-based method for segmentation of cervical and breast cell images. We formulate the segmentation of clustered nuclei as an optimization problem. A hypothesis concerning the nuclei, which involves a priori knowledge with respect to the shape of nuclei, is tested to solve the optimization problem. We first apply the distance transform to the clustered nuclei. A marker extraction scheme based on the H-minima transform is introduced to obtain the optimal segmentation result from the distance map. In order to estimate the optimal h-value, a size-invariant segmentation distortion evaluation function is defined based on the fitting residuals between the segmented region boundaries and fitted models. Ellipsoidal modeling of contours is introduced to adjust nuclei contours for more effective analysis. Experiments on a variety of real microscopic cell images show that the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results than the state-of-the-art watershed-based methods.
Global Flow Analysis in Automatic Logic Design (1986)

This correspondence concerns applications of optimization techniques based on global flow analysis to the automated design of logic. Previous optimization work on logic design has relied primarily on either local transformations on the circuit graph or on the use of two-level Boolean minimization. Our methods involve linear time algorithms which extend the scope of local optimizations to the entire design. Their use, in some cases, has resulted in a reduction in gate count, in improved control over path length, and in better detection and elimination of redundancy.
Defective human retinoblastoma protein identified by lack of interaction with the E1A oncoprotein. (1994)

Inactivating mutations of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb) are involved in the pathogenesis of hereditary and sporadic retinoblastoma. Alterations in the Rb gene have also been found in several other human tumors occurring with epidemiological incidence higher than that of retinoblastoma. Four human malignant glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities in the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), using a procedure based on the interaction of pRb with an in vitro-translated adenovirus E1A oncoprotein. In the CRS-A2 cell line, derived from a glioblastoma multiforme, pRb did not bind with the in vitro-translated E1A protein. Restriction analysis of the CRS-A2 Rb gene and Rb mRNA expression provided patterns that could not be distinguished from the other glioma cell lines. Further investigation revealed the presence of a truncated pRb in the CRS-A2 cell line, due to a nucleotide insertion in the coding sequence at position 2550. In addition, this truncated Rb protein was undetectable in phosphorylated form. The binding assay with the in vitro-translated E1A was also used to study other cell lines with known mutations in the Rb gene. This method, which evaluates the interaction between in vitro-translated E1A and the pRb, is proposed as a rapid screening for detecting functional alterations in the retinoblastoma protein.
An ultra-thin fully depleted floating gate technology for 64 Mb flash and beyond (2002)

In high density flash memories such as 8 Mb and 16 Mb, a stacked single transistor cell, which is programmed with channel hot-electron injection and erased with Fowler-Nordheim tunneling from the source side, is a key technology. However, cell size reduction and decrease of power consumption are required in order to realize higher density and 3 V-single power supply flash memories. In this paper, we propose a flash memory cell with an ultrathin and non-dope floating gate which is fully depleted and acts as dielectric film. Due to its dielectric nature, programming speed can be improved by factor two compared with a connectional cell. These characteristics can reduce power consumption of programming. Because the ultra-thin floating gate with thickness of about 100 /spl Aring/ minimizes field oxide loss, a cell size of 1.3 m/sup 2/ can be easily achieved, which is 25% smaller than a conventional one with a same design rule. Furthermore, a possibility of replacing ONO interpoly dielectric film by a single layer oxide film with thickness of 100/spl Aring/ is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimistic loop optimization (2017)

Compilers use static analyses to justify program optimizations. As every optimization must preserve the semantics of the original program, static analysis typically fall-back to conservative approximations. Consequently, the set of states for which the optimization is invalid is overapproximated and potential optimization opportunities are missed. Instead of justifying the optimization statically, a compiler can also synthesize preconditions that imply the correctness of the optimizations and are checked at the runtime of the program. In this paper, we present a framework to collect, generalize, and simplify assumptions based on Presburger arithmetic. We introduce different assumptions necessary to enable a variety of complex loop transformations and derive a (close to) minimal set of preconditions to validate them at runtime. Our evaluation shows that the runtime verification introduces negligible overhead and that the assumptions we propose almost always hold true. On a large benchmark set including SPEC and NPB our technique increases the number of modeled non-trivial loop nests by a factor of 3.9x.
Johnson's Penance at Uttoxeter (1939)

Journal Article Johnson's Penance at Uttoxeter Get access Lawrence Phillips Lawrence Phillips 1Walton Rectory, Bridgwater Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 176, Issue 5, 4 February 1939, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/176.5.84c Published: 04 February 1939
A New Amperometric Glucose Sensor Based on Bilayer Film Coating of Redox-Active Clay Film and Glucose Oxidase Enzyme Film (1990)

Abstract A new amperometric glucose sensor based on bilayer film coating has been fabricated and its sensor characteristics under a steady-state condition have been examined. The electrode substrate was coated with two kinds of polymer films in a bilayer state, i.e., first with the redox-active montmorillonite clay film into which [Ru(NH3)6]3+ complexes are incorporated electrostatically and they function as an electron shuttle which delivers electrons to redox-active sites in the clay film, and then with the enzyme film consisting of bovine serum albumin and glucose oxidase (GOx). The glucose concentration could be monitored by measuring the current for H2O2 reduction electrocatalyzed by the inner clay film where H2O2 was produced by the glucose–GOx enzyme reaction in the outer enzyme film. The mechanism of the overall electrode/enzyme reaction for this amperometric glucose sensor is represented as follows: (Remark: Graphics omitted.) where reactions 1,2,3, and 4 correspond to the glucose–glucose oxidase enzyme reaction, the hydrolysis reaction of d-glucono-δ-lactone, the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 by the montmorillonite clay containing [Ru(NH3)6]2+ and the electrode reaction of the [Ru(NH3)6]2+⁄3+ couple, respectively. The reproducible relationship between glucose concentration and sensor output was obtained. The sensitivity and the dynamic range were found to depend on the amount of GOx confined in the enzyme film and its thickness.
A fully homomorphic encryption scheme with symmetric keys with application to private data processing in clouds (2013)

With single computer's computation power not sufficing, need for sharing resources to manipulate and manage data through clouds is increasing rapidly. Hence, it is favorable to delegate computations or store data with a third party, the cloud provider. However, delegating data to third party poses the risks of data disclosure during computation. The problem can be addressed by carrying out computation without decrypting the encrypted data. The results are also obtained encrypted and can be decrypted at the user side. This requires modifying functions in such a way that they are still executable while privacy is ensured or to search an encrypted database. Homomorphic encryption provides security to cloud consumer data while preserving system usability. We propose a symmetric key homomorphic encryption scheme based on matrix operations with primitives that make it easily adaptable for different needs in various cloud computing scenarios.
Crystal Structure of Human Squalene Synthase (2000)

Squalene synthase catalyzes the biosynthesis of squalene, a key cholesterol precursor, through a reductive dimerization of two farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) molecules. The reaction is unique when compared with those of other FPP-utilizing enzymes and proceeds in two distinct steps, both of which involve the formation of carbocationic reaction intermediates. Because FPP is located at the final branch point in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, its conversion to squalene through the action of squalene synthase represents the first committed step in the formation of cholesterol, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We have determined, for the first time, the crystal structures of recombinant human squalene synthase complexed with several different inhibitors. The structure shows that SQS is folded as a single domain, with a large channel in the middle of one face. The active sites of the two half-reactions catalyzed by the enzyme are located in the central channel, which is lined on both sides by conserved aspartate and arginine residues, which are known from mutagenesis experiments to be involved in FPP binding. One end of this channel is exposed to solvent, whereas the other end leads to a completely enclosed pocket surrounded by conserved hydrophobic residues. These observations, along with mutagenesis data identifying residues that affect substrate binding and activity, suggest that two molecules of FPP bind at one end of the channel, where the active center of the first half-reaction is located, and then the stable reaction intermediate moves into the deep pocket, where it is sequestered from solvent and the second half-reaction occurs. Five alpha helices surrounding the active center are structurally homologous to the active core in the three other isoprenoid biosynthetic enzymes whose crystal structures are known, even though there is no detectable sequence homology.
Some Methylhydrazonium Salts; An Improved Synthesis of Tetramethylhydrazine<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Methylhydrazonium Salts; An Improved Synthesis of Tetramethylhydrazine1Robert T. Beltrami and Eugene R. BissellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 11, 2467–2468Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01592a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01592a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vivo</i> Selection of Human Hematopoietic Cells in a Xenograft Model Using Combined Pharmacologic and Genetic Manipulations (2003)

Strategies that increase the ability of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to repair alkylator-induced DNA damage may prevent the severe hematopoietic toxicity in patients with cancer undergoing high-dose alkylator therapy. In the context of genetic diseases, this approach may allow for selection of small numbers of cells that would not otherwise have a favorable growth advantage. No studies have tested this approach in vivo using human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Human CD34(+) cells were transduced with a bicistronic oncoretrovirus vector that coexpresses a mutant form of O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT(P140K)) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Mice were either not treated or treated with O(6)-benzylguanine (6BG) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). At 8-weeks postinjection, a 2- to 8-fold increase in the percentage of human CD45(+)EGFP(+) cells in 6BG/BCNU-treated versus nontreated mice was observed in the bone marrow and was associated with increased MGMT(P140K)-repair activity. Functionally, 6BG/BCNU-treated mice demonstrated multilineage differentiation in vivo, although some skewing in the maturation of myeloid and B cells was observed in mice transplanted with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood compared to umbilical cord blood. Expansion of human cells in 6BG/BCNU-treated mice was observed in the majority of mice previously transplanted with transduced umbilical cord blood cells. In addition, a significant increase in the number of EGFP(+) progenitor colonies in treated versus nontreated mice were observed in highly engrafted mice indicating that selection and maintenance of human progenitor cells can be accomplished by expression of MGMT(P140K) and treatment with 6BG/BCNU.
Novel Cyano- and Amidino-Substituted Derivatives of Styryl-2-Benzimidazoles and Benzimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]quinolines. Synthesis, Photochemical Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Antitumor Evaluation, Part 3 (2007)

Synthesis of novel cyano- and amidino-substituted styryl-2-benzimidazoles and benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines by condensation reactions and photochemical dehydrocyclization and dehydrohalogenation cyclization is described. Thermal denaturation experiments reveal that cyclic derivatives considerably stabilize DNA double helix, while the effect of their acyclic analogues is negligible. According to the spectroscopic study of the interaction of cyclic derivative 19, we propose intercalation of benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline moiety into ct-DNA as a dominant interaction underlying biologically relevant effects of this compound, whereas for its acyclic derivative 11, we propose binding into the minor groove of DNA. All compounds show noticeable antiproliferative effect. Morpholino- and chloro-substituted compound 9 is the most active among all acyclic derivatives. All cyclic compounds were 2- to 10-fold more potent, which is correlated with their property to intercalate into DNA. The most active imidazolyl-substituted compound 19 inhibits topoisomerase II and induces strong G2/M cell cycle arrest, pointing to the impairment in mitotic progression. Its pronounced selectivity toward colon carcinoma cells encourages further development of this compound as a lead.