gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of synthetic antigens improves detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies against abortigenic Chlamydia psittaci in ruminants (1997)

Synthetic peptide antigens were prepared for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect serum antibodies against abortigenic strains of Chlamydia psittaci in livestock. Peptide antigens were identified with C. psittaci B577-immune sera by solid-phase scanning of overlapping octapeptides of variable domains (VDs) of the major outer membrane protein of C. psittaci serovar 1 (omp1 type C. psittaci B577). Two VD 4 regions and one VD 2 region were strongly reactive with all C. psittaci B577 antisera. Peptides encompassing these regions were synthesized with biotin and a serine-glycine-serine-glycine spacer at the N terminus and were attached to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates. In direct ELISAs with these plates, the synthetic peptides reacted with C. psittaci B577 antisera, but not with sera from specific-pathogen-free animals. Serum specimens from 40 sheep and 40 cattle, obtained from herds with abortion problems, were screened for antibodies by these C. psittaci B577 peptide ELISAs and an ELISA with recombinant, genus-specific Chlamydia lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. Results from these newly developed ELISAs were compared to those from the reference C. psittaci B577 elementary body (EB) ELISA and the Chlamydia complement fixation test (CFT). The C. psittaci B577 peptide ELISAs, the LPS ELISA, and the EB ELISA correctly identified the presence or absence of antibodies against chlamydiae in all sheep and bovine sera. The Chlamydia CFT, which is the most widely accepted serodiagnostic method for chlamydial infections in animals, correctly identified the presence or absence of antibodies against chlamydiae in only 78 and 4.9% of sheep and bovine sera, respectively. These results suggest that the C. psittaci B577-peptide and Chlamydia LPS ELISAs are superior for the serodiagnosis of ruminant infections with abortigenic chlamydiae, since they are more sensitive than the CFT, they are easy to standardize, and they use readily available synthetic antigens instead of organism-derived CFT antigen.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF VARIOUS ACRYLATES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ETHYL CYANOACRYLATE ADHESIVE (2000)

Polyalkyl 2-cyanoacrylates begin to retropolymerize and deteriorate dramatically at temperatures above 80°C. They bond rapidly to the metal surfaces and readily lose strength even at ambient temperatures. These two drawbacks of the cyanoacrylates have made this class of adhesives unpopular as structural adhesives. Several attempts have been made to increase the thermal stability and the stability of the bond between the metal surfaces by adding chemicals like cyclopentadienoates and anhydrides to the cyanoacrylates. Cyclopentadienoates are not available commercially, and, therefore, in this study, we have selected various acrylates and methacrylates in the cyanoacrylate formulation and these were tested to various temperatures. Interesting results have been obtained and reported.
The Mentor-lite prototype: a light-weight workflow management system (2002)

The Mentor-lite prototype has been developed within the research project "Architecture, Configuration, and Administration of Large Workflow Management Systems" funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG). In this paper, we present the architecture of Mentor-lite and our approach towards customizability. The feasibility of the presented approach is shown.
Procedure for determination of free and total cholesterol in micro- or nanogram amounts suitable for studies with cultured cells. (1978)

Procedures for the determination of free and total cholesterol in lipid extracts or sonicates of 10(4) cultured human skin fibroblasts are described. The method for free cholesterol employs cholesterol oxidase to generate H2O2 and peroxidase to catalyze the reaction of H2O2 with p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid to yield a stable fluorescent product. Cholesterol ester hydrolase is included for determination of total cholesterol. When samples of sonified cell suspensions are used directly, the extraction of lipids is avoided, permitting one person to carry out analyses of 30 or more subcultures in one day.
Reaction of methylenecyclopropanes with carbon dioxide catalysed by palladium(0) complexes. Synthesis of five-membered lactones (1979)

Y. Inoue, T. Hibi, M. Satake and H. Hashimoto, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 982 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000982
Postoperative Platysmal Band Deformity: A Pitfall of Submental Liposuction (1993)

Submental liposuction is an established advance in treatment of the aging neck. However, its misapplication may result in an aesthetic deformity involving postoperative anterior platysmal banding. To identify preoperative conditions relating to this sequela, we retrospectively analyzed 301 patients treated with submental liposuction. Submental obesity and an anatomic pattern of platysmal nondecussation were found to be significant correlates in the development of postoperative anterior platysmal banding.
Principles of development and design of microsystems. (1995)

The state of the art in microsystem design and fabrication is reviewed. The focus is on silicon micromachining, which uses the equipment and processes of IC-technology to produce highly miniaturized, three-dimensional structures, sensors and actuators for various biomedical applications. The micro components can be integrated into surgical instruments, catheters and implants. Thus new functions and a higher level of intelligence are created. Portable microsystems are being developed for chemical analysis and biomedical monitoring. The cultivation and investigation of live cells on chip substrates offers encouraging perspectives for the future.
Comprehensive analysis of the cytokine-rich chromosome 5q31.1 region suggests a role for IL-4 gene variants in prostate cancer risk (2010)

Although inflammation is emerging as a candidate prostate cancer risk factor, the T-helper cytokine-rich [interleukins (IL)-5, 13 and 4] chromosomal region at 5q31.1 has been implicated in prostate cancer pathogenesis. In particular, IL-4 has been associated with prostate cancer progression, whereas the IL-4 -589C>T (rs2243250) promoter variant has been associated with differential gene expression. We genotyped rs2243250 and 11 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 200 kb across the 5q31.1 region on 825 cases and 732 controls from the Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Study. The minor alleles of rs2243250 and an IL-4 tagSNP rs2227284 were associated with a small increase in prostate cancer risk. Per allele odds ratios (ORs) are 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.61, P = 0.006] and 1.26 (95% CI 1.07-1.48, P = 0.005), respectively. Although these associations were not replicated in an analysis of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, including 810 cases and 1733 controls, no clinicopathological characteristic was implicated for this divergence. Correlating rs2243250 genotypes to IL-4 gene transcript levels and circulating IL-4 plasma levels, we observe in contrast to previous reports, a non-significant trend toward the minor T-allele decreasing the likelihood of IL-4 activity. From our observed association between a low IL-4 producing promoter T-allele and prostate cancer risk, our study suggests an antitumor role for IL-4 in prostate cancer. Although we saw no association for IL-5 or IL-13 gene variants and prostate cancer risk, our findings call for further evaluation of IL-4 as a contributor to prostate cancer susceptibility.
Whole-Exome Sequencing of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Identifies Recurrent Mutations of <i>UNC5C</i> and Prognostic Importance of DNA Repair Gene Mutations on Survival (2014)

Better prognostic outcomes of individuals carrying somatic mutations in DNA repair genes suggest these mutations as favorable prognostic events in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Additional mechanistic investigation into the previously undiscovered role of UNC5C in bladder cancer is warranted.
Endothelial Cell-Specific Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor- <i>α</i> from the KDR or E-Selectin Promoters Following Retroviral Delivery (1997)

The tumor vasculature offers a target for anti-cancer gene therapy which has the advantages both of good accessibility to systemically delivered therapy and comparative homogeneity across solid tumor types. We aimed to develop retroviruses carrying endothelial-specific promoters for the delivery of genes to proliferating endothelial cells in vitro and to tumor endothelial cells in vivo. This paper reports the generation of such retroviral vectors and the level of expression of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mTNF-alpha) cDNA following infection into endothelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. Retroviral vectors carrying mTNF-alpha have been generated whose expression is controlled either by the retroviral long terminal repeat or by 5' proximal promoter sequences from the endothelial-specific kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)/VEGF receptor and E-Selectin promoters within the context of a self-inactivating (SIN) vector backbone. Both KDR and E-Selectin have been shown to be upregulated on tumor endothelium. A putative polyadenylation sequence AAATAAA within the E-Selectin promoter was mutated to permit faithful transmission of retroviral vectors carrying this promoter. We demonstrate a 10- to 11-fold increase in mTNF-alpha expression from promoter elements within sEND endothelioma cells as compared to NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Suggestions for further improvements in vector design are discussed.
Calcium Channels in Vertebrate Cells (1990)

Article de synthese a propos des caracteristiques des canaux calciques voltage-sensibles de type L, N ou T dans les muscles squelettiques, le cœur ou les neurones des vertebres
An Electrophysiological Survey of Frog Olfactory Cilia (1994)

Individual olfactory receptor neurons vary widely in their responses to odorants. Olfactory stimulus reception occurs in the cilia of the receptor neurons. Thus, the variability among individual neurons could in part be due to differences among the olfactory cilia. We have quantified the known conductance properties of each of 117 frog olfactory cilia. From a strictly qualitative viewpoint, the cilia were very homogeneous. All but a few of them had a basal conductance in the absence of odorants and second messengers, conductances stimulated by cytoplasmic cyclic AMP and by Ca2+ and a conductance measured in the presence of ATP and stimulated by GTP gamma S. However, the magnitudes of the conductances varied widely among the cilia. Amplitudes of the cyclic-AMP- and Ca(2+)-activated ciliary currents correlated strongly with one another across the 117 cilia and 24 frogs studied, suggesting that expression of the underlying channels may be co-regulated. None of the conductance properties correlated strongly with ciliary length, a marker of cell maturity. Given cytoplasmic MgATP as substrate, ciliary adenylate cyclase apparently produced cyclic AMP, which in turn gated membrane channels and increased the ciliary conductance. In some cilia, MgATP alone caused a very large increase in conductance. In others, there was little effect unless GTP gamma S, which increases cyclase activity, was also added. No effect of cytoplasmic inositol trisphosphate on ciliary conductance was detectable.
Photoconductive power switches (1992)

Photoconductive switches offer potential advantages over conventional pulsed power switches which can be summarized briefly as follows: optical trigger isolation, low inductance, short risetime, short recovery time, scalability to high voltages and/or currents, operation at high repetition rates and light weight. These properties make photoconductive power switches attractive for various applications such as impulse radar or RF weapons. The author presents an introduction into photoconductive switches, including a comparison of three semiconductor materials (Si, GaAs and diamond) used for switching and a description of some of the GaAs photoconductive switching conducted at the Sowerby Research Centre.
Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province (2020)

The majority of patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia present with fever as the first symptom, and most of them still showed typical manifestations of viral pneumonia on chest imaging. Middle-aged and elderly patients with underlying comorbidities are susceptible to respiratory failure and may have a poorer prognosis.
Dynamics and plasticity of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by miR-200 family inhibition (2016)

Whereas miR-200 family is known to be involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial biological process observed in normal and pathological contexts, it has been largely unclear how far the functional levels of these tiny RNAs alone can propagate the molecular events to accomplish this process within several days. By developing a potent inhibitor of miR-200 family members (TuD-141/200c), the expression of which is strictly regulatable by the Tet (tetracycline)-On system, we found using a human colorectal cell line, HCT116, that several direct gene target mRNAs (Zeb1/Zeb2, ESRP1, FN1and FHOD1) of miR-200 family were elevated with distinct kinetics. Prompt induction of the transcriptional suppressors, Zeb1/Zeb2 in turn reduced the expression levels of miR-200c/-141 locus, EpCAM, ESRP1 and E-Cad. The loss of ESRP1 subsequently switched the splicing isoforms of CD44 and p120 catenin mRNAs to mesenchymal type. Importantly, within 9 days after the release from the inhibition of miR-200 family, all of the expression changes in the 14 genes observed in this study returned to their original levels in the epithelial cells. This suggests that the inherent epithelial plasticity is supported by a weak retention of key regulatory gene expression in either the epithelial or mesenchymal states through epigenetic regulation.
A conceptual framework for manufacturing service provisioning by virtual fabs (2002)

Fast growth of foundry fabs, fierce global competition and advancements of information technology have motivated in the semiconductor industry the concept of virtual fab (VF) with emphasis on manufacturing service provisioning. In this paper, a conceptual framework is proposed for VFs, which consists of three layers: infrastructure, business process, and virtual product layers. Data warehouse, open real-time simulation service, dynamic binding and customer-oriented interface constitute the four key ingredients of the infrastructure. Basic manufacturing business processes in the context of order management are then analyzed and manufacturing services are carefully classified within the VF framework. How the proposed VF infrastructure facilitates these services and how service quality should be managed demand future research.
Leveraging usage similarity for effective retrieval of examples in code repositories (2010)

Developers often learn to use APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) by looking at existing examples of API usage. Code repositories contain many instances of such usage of APIs. However, conventional information retrieval techniques fail to perform well in retrieving API usage examples from code repositories. This paper presents Structural Semantic Indexing (SSI), a technique to associate words to source code entities based on similarities of API usage. The heuristic behind this technique is that entities (classes, methods, etc.) that show similar uses of APIs are semantically related because they do similar things. We evaluate the effectiveness of SSI in code retrieval by comparing three SSI based retrieval schemes with two conventional baseline schemes. We evaluate the performance of the retrieval schemes by running a set of 20 candidate queries against a repository containing 222,397 source code entities from 346 jars belonging to the Eclipse framework. The results of the evaluation show that SSI is effective in improving the retrieval of examples in code repositories.
Primary Repair and Autotransplantation of Cardiac Valves (1993)

The aortic valve is a beautifully designed and balanced structure with precise opening and closing mechanisms. Its design probably cannot be improved upon by man-made mechanical devices, no matter how ingenious. It is logical to use human valves as replacements because of their superior structural configuration. Their chief difficulties are in the troubles of the learning curve of the surgeon to achieve a competent mechanism and the hazard of infection. The pulmonary autograft or translocation of the pulmonary valve to the aortic position offers many advantages, and the long-term results are good. Conservative repair and reconstruction of the aortic valve are increasing in popularity but have a relatively limited application. The mitral valve has a less precise and more adjustable type of mechanism and generous leaflet coaptation. These features make it more amenable to repair, as demonstrated in the clinical series of the technique. Repair is clearly preferable to replacement at present. The tricuspid valve is eminently suitable for reconstruction, but late results are not very good. The disappointing outcome, however, reflects more the severity of underlying cardiac pathology than the effectiveness of the repair.
Determination of Hydrogen Diffusion Coefficient in Metal Hydride Electrode with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2001)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to determine the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in MlNi 3.75 Co 0.65 Mn 0.4 Al 0.2 metal hydride electrode with various states of charge(SOC) at room temperature and with 50% SOC at various temperatures. It was found that hydrogen diffusion coefficient in this electrode decreases with the increase in SOC at ambient temperature, and for the electrode with 50%SOC, hydrogen diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of temperature and the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion in it is 35 kJ/mol.
Particle-mediated DNA vaccine delivery to the skin (2004)

Particle-mediated DNA vaccines employ a physical, intracellular delivery device to achieve the deposition of plasmid DNA-based expression vectors directly into the interior of cells of the skin. The resultant bolus of transient antigen expression in keratinocytes and trafficking dendritic cells results in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in various animal models and humans, mimicking characteristics of live or live-vectored vaccines. Ultimately, DNA vaccine success in the clinic will depend on both the successful intracellular delivery of a plasmid vector and an immunostimulator or adjuvant to maximise humoral and cellular immune responses to the encoded antigen(s). To this end, recent DNA vaccine clinical trials are confirming the importance of an intracellular delivery system, while preclinical studies in animal models are demonstrating the feasibility of augmenting responses through the use of DNA-encoded immunostimulators. Particle-mediated DNA vaccines represent a promising tool for developing candidate vaccines against some of the more difficult infectious, parasitic and oncologic disease targets.
Trace metals: unknown, unseen pollution threat (1971)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTrace metals: unknown, unseen pollution threatMany chemical companies are now conducting internal surveys to hunt down possibly harmful trace elements in their processesCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1971, 49, 29, 29–33Publication Date (Print):July 19, 1971Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 19 July 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v049n029.p029Copyright © 1971 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (649 KB) SUBJECTS:Environmental pollution Get e-Alerts
Discounting inflation — a note (1981)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to clarify the confused issue of the effect of inflation on the discounting procedure for investment appraisal. The standard approach is considered, together with the impact of inflation, and the problem of how to adjust the standard approach to take account of inflation. The point is made that it is usually easiest to estimate expected returns in current prices, in which case the discount rate should reflect the real opportunity cost of capital, to avoid mixing real returns and nominal interest in a manner which leads to the rejection of worthwhile projects. An example is given of how the real rate of interest can be computed from the nominal rate of interest and the rate of inflation, and the difference this makes to discounting a sample project. The paper then illustrates how real rates of interest have frequently been negative over the past decade and how this implies that projects may be acceptable even if the sum of future undiscounted returns is less than the initial outlay. The conclusion drawn is that investors should maximize economic profit defined as the surplus over opportunity cost, which reduces the deterrent of nominally high interest rates, for the maximization of surplus over opportunity cost has the corollary of minimization of opportunity loss.
Fatigue life estimation for a circumferential joint of the aircraft fuselage structure through stress analysis (2013)

Aircraft is a mechanical structure which can fly in air. Civil Aircraft is used for transportation and fighter aircraft for defense purpose. It is a challenge in front of the aircraft structural designer to bring out a safest structure with minimum weight. Airframe is the load bearing structure of the aircraft. Fuselage and wing are the major primary structural components of the airframe. Fuselage is a cylindrical structure which houses passenger seats. Fuselage is a semi-monologue structure. It is stiffened orthogonally with stiffening members along longitudinal and circumferential directions. The skin of the fuselage is spliced both in longitudinal and circumferential directions. These joints will be critical due to bending and pressurization loads in the fuselage. In this project stress analysis of the circumferential splice joint in the fuselage structure is carried out. The internal pressurization load case is considered to be one of the critical load cases during the design and development of the aircraft. A panel representing the location of circumferential joint is identified for evaluation of the structural integrity of the fuselage. The panel consists of two skin plates, part of the bulkhead, tear strap and rivets. Longitudinal stress produced because of the internal pressurization and the tensile stress due to bending of the fuselage will make this joint critical from the fatigue crack initiation point of view. Stress analysis will be carried out on this panel to identify the maximum tensile stress location in the panel. Fatigue cracks will always get initiated from the location of maximum tensile stress.
Effect of botulinum toxin type A on quality of life measures in patients with excessive axillary sweating: a randomized controlled trial (2002)

Hyperhidrosis is associated with a substantial QOL burden; however, QOL is markedly improved with BTX-A treatment.