gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of preserved and preservative free glaucoma drugs on proteomic expression levels in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro (2015)

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), is the most commonly used preservative world-wide in cosmetics and eye drops; however, it is toxic to epithelial cells and the pathways in this toxicity are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of common ophthalmic drugs for glaucoma were uncovered by exposing human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells (HCE and IOBA-NHC respectively) to treatments with and without BAC. It was hypothesized that these drugs may be linked to inflammatory mechanisms and cell death. The aim of this study was to explore proteomic data in order to discover some potential biomarkers relating to BAC-induced effects, which could be beneficial in further studies. HCE and IOBA-NHC cells were exposed to a preservative-free topical medication tafluprost, a similar drug latanoprost which contains BAC or BAC by itself for 24 hours and then the proteomic profiles of treated and untreated cells were analysed with NanoLC-TOF-MS using SWATH technique. Central tendency normalization was applied to the log2-transformed proteomic data once the quality of the data was initially ensured with descriptive statistics including correlation and clustering methods. Mixed-effects ANOVA model was implemented to data to uncover differentially
Low-Income Energy Assistance Program. (1983)

In fiscal year 1981, Congress appropriated $1.85 billion for home heating assistance to help low-income households meet rapidly rising energy costs. Eligibility for payments was based on income and energy-cost criteria. This procedure represented a departure from the earlier Federal focus of assisting households facing emergency hardships. Funds for the Low-Income Energy Assistance Program were allocated to the 50 States and District of Columbia, six territories, and 55 Indian tribal organizations. This article presents program data and information on the characteristics of the more than 17 million persons who received aid under this program.
Using dynamic shift to reduce test data volume in high-compression designs (2014)

This paper presents a test data volume (TDV) reduction method for designs utilizing extremely high compression configurations, and it enables reducing the pin count interfacing with the Automatic Test Equipment. Based on the encoding requirements for every test cube, the proposed test compression method changes the number of shift cycles used to load the test stimuli dynamically. No additional pins or modification of the existing scan chains is needed, making the proposed method work seamlessly with existing sequential linear decompressors. Experimental results obtained for industrial designs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method at reducing TDV in high compression configurations.
OPTIMIZATION OF SPRAY DRYING CONDITION FROM TRAMETES VERSICOLOR MUSHROOM EXTRACT (2020)

In this study, the optimal conditions for the spray drying from Trametes versicolor (V.C.) extracts were determined using response surface method/technique (RSM). One kilogram of material was extracted with 30L ethanol 65% of 70oC for 7 hours. Solids were filtered off, extract was concentrated to obtain solution containing about 20% total solid using a vacuum evaporator. Study on the effects of three independent variables, namely maltodextrin ratio (% w/v), feed flow rate (ml/min) and inlet drying temperature (oC) on the responses; total phenolic content (TPC) and moisture content (MC). The optimal conditions for spray drying process from T. versicolor extracts were found to be maltodextrin ratio of 5%w/v, inlet drying temperature of 160oC and feed flow rate of 26.05ml/min. The experimental values of TPC and MC were 35.76±0.04mg GAE/g, 4.43±0.02%
GNSS operations challenges (2013)

Satellite operation requires special knowledge, qualifications, and practical hands-on experience gained through extensive training in a very realistic simulation environment. While communication satellites can be monitored at 24/7 basis Earth Observation satellites have limited visibility from the station so that challenges such as working under pressure during short contact times and in-advance planning of the tasks have to be met. Similarly also the operation of navigation satellite constellations requires special focus on the mission-specific operational challenges, for example managing a fleet of satellites. This paper focuses on the specific challenges of operating navigation satellite constellations.
Impact of PCM resistance-drift in neuromorphic systems and drift-mitigation strategy (2013)

Neuromorphic architectures that exploit emerging resistive memory devices as synapses are currently receiving a lot of interest. Phase Change Memory (PCM), in particular, is a strong candidate for such architectures. However, it suffers from a resistance-drift effect in the amorphous phase (high-resistance). In this work, we investigate the impact of resistance-drift in `Learning-' and `Read-' mode operation of large-scale hybrid neuromorphic architectures that use bio-inspired `STDP-type' learning rules. We show that our `2- PCM Synapse' approach is inherently tolerant to resistance-drift. We also present a new architecture (`Binary-PCM Synapse') and programming strategy based on partial-reset states of PCM devices, which strongly minimizes the impact of resistance-drift. To benchmark the two programming approaches and architectures, we perform system-level simulations on a complex visual pattern extraction application. A power consumption analysis for the two approaches is finally presented. It highlights the ultra low-power potential of PCM-based neuromorphic computing.
Novel synthesis of homogenous CsxWO3 nanorods with excellent NIR shielding properties by a water controlled-release solvothermal process (2010)

Nanosize homogenous rod-like tungsten bronze CsxWO3 with excellent NIR shielding ability was successfully synthesized by a novel and facile water controlled-release solvothermal process (WCRSP).
Conformation of the α-Methylene-γ-lactone Ring and Violation of Geissman's Rule in Sesquiterpene Lactones (1995)

The dependence of the CC–CO group chirality on the conformation of the α-methylene-γ-lactone ring in sesquiterpene lactones has been established; the known cases in which Geissman's rule is violated are explained by inversion of this ring.
Gain-guiding and thermal distortion in diode-pumped Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers (1996)

Summary form only given. Nd:YVO/sub 4/ is a commonly used four-level laser gain material in microchip lasers with a positive change in refractive index with temperature and short absorption depth, producing a positive 'thermal' lens within the bulk of the crystal, as well as surface deformation when pumped cw with a laser diode. We have developed an analytical computer model based on the work of Farrukh (1988) and a numerical model based on finite element theory, to help predict behavior under different modes of operation and present a comparison of these models with observed results.
The scale of substratum topographic features modulates proliferation of corneal epithelial cells and corneal fibroblasts (2006)

The cornea is a complex tissue composed of different cell types, including corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. Each of these cell types are directly exposed to rich nanoscale topography from the basement membrane or surrounding extracellular matrix. Nanoscale topography has been shown to influence cell behaviors, including orientation, alignment, differentiation, migration, and proliferation. We investigated whether proliferation of SV40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells (SV40-HCECs), primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and primary corneal fibroblasts is influenced by the scale of topographic features of the substratum. Using basement membrane feature sizes as our guide and the known dimensions of collagen fibrils of the corneal stroma (20-60 nm), we fabricated polyurethane molded substrates, which contain anisotropic feature sizes ranging from 200-2000 nm on pitches ranging from 400 to 4000 nm (pitch = ridge width + groove width). The planar regions separating each of the six patterned regions served as control surfaces. Primary corneal and SV40-HCEC proliferation decreased in direct response to decreasing nanoscale topographies down to 200 nm. In contrast to corneal epithelial cells, corneal fibroblasts did not exhibit significantly different response to any of the topographies when compared with planar controls at 5 days. However, decreased proliferation was observed on the smallest feature sizes after 14 days in culture. Results from these experiments are relevant in understanding the potential mechanisms involved in the control of proliferation and differentiation of cells within the cornea.
Grb2 regulates Stat3 activation negatively in epidermal growth factor signalling (2003)

EGF (epidermal growth factor) binding to its receptor (EGFR) induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of the receptor at multiple tyrosine residues, which serve as docking sites for recruitment of proteins with SH2 (Src homology 2) domains that activate multiple downstream signalling pathways. The adaptor protein Grb2 (growth factor receptor-binding protein 2) binds to EGFR, which leads to activation of Ras-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade. The latent transcription factors, STAT (signal transduction and activator of transcription), can also be activated by EGF in certain cell types. Since Ras-MAPK and STAT pathways are simultaneously stimulated by EGF, and Tyr-1086 and Tyr-1068 of EGFR are reported to be the binding sites for both Grb2 and Stat3, we investigated the possible regulatory role of Grb2 in STAT activation. In the present study, we report that transient expression of Grb2 specifically down-regulates EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3, which leads to a repression of Stat3 transcriptional activity. In contrast, depletion of Grb2 by RNA interference substantially increases Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF. The inhibition is neither mediated by a direct interaction between Grb2 and Stat3 nor via activation of tyrosine phosphatases. However, the repression was abolished by a mutation in the SH2 domain, but not the SH3 domains of Grb2, suggesting that inhibition involves binding of the receptor. Indeed, Grb2 inhibits the interaction between Stat3 and EGFR by competitive binding to the EGFR. On the other hand, Grb2 does not interact with the same sites as Stat3 on the interleukin-6 receptor and, therefore, has no effect on interleukin-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, in EGF signalling, Grb2 regulates Stat3 activation negatively at the receptor level.
Estimating Demand Uncertainty Using Judgmental Forecasts (2005)

Measuring demand uncertainty is a key activity in supply chain planning. Of various methods of estimating the standard deviation of demand, one that has been employed successfully in the recent literature uses dispersion among expertsâ forecasts. However, there has been limited empirical validation of this methodology. In this paper we provide a general methodology for estimating the standard deviation of a random variable using dispersion among expertsâ forecasts. We test this methodology using three datasets, demand data at item level, sales data at firm level for retailers, and sales data at firm level for manufacturers. We show that the standard deviation of a random variable (demand and sales for our datasets) is positively correlated with dispersion among expertsâ forecasts. Further we use longitudinal datasets with sales forecasts made 3-9 months before earnings report date for retailers and manufacturers to show that the effects of dispersion and scale on standard deviation of forecast error are consistent over time.
Activation through CD3 molecule leads a number of human T cell clones to induce IgE synthesis in vitro by B cells from allergic and nonallergic individuals. (1987)

Seventy-eight clones established from tonsillar T lymphocytes of two nonallergic children were tested under different experimental conditions for their ability to induce in vitro IgE synthesis by B cells from allergic or nonallergic donors. After 24 hr preactivation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), 11 out of 32 CD4+ clones from the first and 17 out of 36 CD4+ clones from the second tonsil donor showed the ability to induce IgE synthesis in vitro by B cells from both allergic and nonallergic individuals, whereas none of 10 CD8+ clones nor T blasts of PHA-induced cell lines obtained from unfractionated T cell suspensions of the same tonsils had such an effect. Seven of the 11 T cell clones from the first tonsil donor active on IgE production after pre-activation with PHA also induced IgE synthesis in vitro by nonallergic and allergic B cells upon stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Under the same experimental conditions, virtually all of the T cell clones able to induce IgE synthesis in vitro by target B cells showed the ability to stimulate IgG and IgM production as well. T cell clones were also established from the peripheral blood of a nonallergic donor and were tested for their ability to induce IgE synthesis in autologous B cells. After preactivation with PHA, seven out of 35 CD4+ clones induced the production of detectable amounts of both IgE and IgG in autologous B cells. The addition to the cultures of PHA-stimulated unfractionated T cells inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the IgE but not the IgG synthesis induced by an autologous helper T cell clone in autologous B cells. Taken together, these data indicate that a remarkable proportion of human T cell clones upon triggering of the CD3 molecular complex were able to provide help for the synthesis of IgE in B cells from both allergic and nonallergic individuals. The successful induction of IgE synthesis by single T cell clones was apparently related to the lack of concomitant suppressor activity to which IgE-producing cells appeared to be exquisitely sensitive.
On the use of biosurfactants for the removal of heavy metals from oil‐contaminated soil (1999)

Abstract The feasibility of using biodegradable biosurfactants to remove heavy metals from an oil‐contaminated soil was evaluated by batch washes with surfactin, a rhamnolipid and a sophorolipid. The soil contained 890 mg/kg of zinc and 420 mg/kg of copper with a 12.6% oil and grease content. Highest levels of zinc removal were obtained using 12% rhamnolipid (19.5% of the zinc) and 4% sophorolipid/0.7% HCl (15.8% of the zinc). Highest copper removal rates were achieved (greater than 25%) with 12% rhamnolipid or with 2% rhamnolipid /!% NaOH or 0.25% surfactin/1% NaOH. A series of five batch washes removed 70% of the copper with 0.1% surfactin/1% NaOH ivhile 4% sophorolipid/0.7% HCl was able to remove 100% of the zinc. Sequential extraction procedures showed that the carbonate and oxide fractions accounted for over 90% of the zinc present in the soil and the organic fraction in the soil constituted over 70% of the copper. Sequential extraction of the soil after washing with the surfactin or rhamnolipid (both with 1% NaOH) indicated that these surfactants could remove the organically‐bound copper and that the sophorolipid with acid could remove the carbonate and oxide ‐bound zinc. In conclusion, the results clearly indicated the feasibility of removing the metals with the anionic biosurfactants tested even though the exchangeable metal fractions were very low.
A Review of the Use of Contingent Valuation Methods in Project Analysis at the Inter-American Development Bank (1998)

This paper (ENV-126) was originally presented at a National Science Foundation Workshop on Alternatives to Traditional Contingent Valuation Methods in Environmental Valuation, held at Vanderbilt University, Nashville Tennessee, on October 15-16, 1998. This paper reviews the past ten years of the Inter-American Development Bank's experience with stated preference methods, concentrating on their use in the cost-benefit analysis of projects supplying sewer service and improving ambient water quality in Latin America and the Caribbean. It reports the range of willingness to pay estimates involved, and comments on some of the most important economic analysis issues that appear to have arisen. Among these are the effect that alternative econometric specifications of the choice model can have on our estimates of average (or median) household willingness to pay derived from referendum CV surveys, the need to match what any investment project purports to achieve in a CV survey to what it will actually achieve in practice, and the role of sensitivity analysis in portraying the distribution of expected gross and net project benefits.
1-D and 2-D transforms from integers to integers (2003)

Substituting a real valued linear transform with an integer-to-integer mapping has become very important in lots of applications. This paper introduces a new kind of matrix decomposition method called lifting-like factorization, which leads to a theorem: every 2/sup n/-order real matrix with determinant norm 1 can be expressed as the product of one permutation matrix and at most three unit triangular matrices. Rounding error of this method is analyzed. Realization of 2D integer transform is also studied and it is shown that a 2D integer-to-integer transform cannot be realized by performing two 1D integer transforms separately. Left and right permutation matrices are introduced to reduce rounding error and an application of this method to intDCT is discussed.
Block-replicate chip operation at 250 kHz over the temperature range -25°C to 75°C (1979)

A block-replicate chip employing asymmetric half-disc propagating elements, pickax replicator, and swap gates was designed and fabricated. One bit per rotating field cycle data rate was accrued for this design through the use of a data merge and one detector. Packaged chips were operated and characterized at 250 kHz over -25 to +75°C temperature range. A composite bias margin of 7 Oe under worst case loading at any given temperature in the temperature range was achieved.
Hydrolysis of Orthocarbonates. Evidence for Charge Imbalance in the Transition State for the General Acid Catalyzed Process (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of Orthocarbonates. Evidence for Charge Imbalance in the Transition State for the General Acid Catalyzed ProcessPramod Kandanarachchi and Michael L. SinnottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 5601–5606Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copolymerisation von butadien mit 1‐octen und 1‐dodecen mit einem neodymkatalysatorsystem (1995)

Abstract Für die Copolymerisationen des Butadiens mit 1‐Octen und 1‐Dodecen wurde das Katalysatorsystem Neodymoctoat/Ethylaluminiumsesquichlorid/Aluminiumtriisobutyl bei dem für die Polymerisation von Butadien optimalen Verhältnis der Katalysatorkomponenten eingesetzt. Der Einfluß der Monomermischungszusammensetzung auf die Copolymerzusammensetzung, den Umsatz, die Mikrostruktur, die zahlenmittleren Molmassen sowie die Molmassenverteilungen wurde untersucht. Die Copolymerisate besitzen einen deutlich höheren Verzweigungsgrad als das Polybutadien. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden nach Kelen‐Tüdßos bestimmt und ergaben für beide Copolymerisationen unterschiedlich große Parameter (r Butadien ≫ r Olefin ). Neben der 1 H‐NMR Spektroskopie erfolgte der Copolymernachweis durch die Olefinmetathese.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Separation via Solid Acid Membranes (2014)

The inorganic proton conductor CsH2PO4 (CDP) was investigated as a proton exchange membrane for electrochemical hydrogen separation at temperatures from 230 °C to 250 °C. Carbon-supported Pt and Pd were synthesized via vapor deposition and evaluated as hydrogen oxidation catalysts in hydrogen pump electrodes. The hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions were reversible on Pt in 100% H2, and a cell current of 300 mA cm− 2 was produced at a 25 mV overpotential after correction for the membrane ohmic resistance. Anodes were also exposed to hydrogen-containing gas mixtures to simulate reformed fuels. In the case of a stream containing 7% CO (75% H2, balance CO2), a 300 mA cm− 2 cell current required 45 mV electrode polarization, and in a stream containing 10% CO and 0.25% CH4 (43% H2, balance N2, CO2), 75 mV polarization was required to obtain the same current. The performance of carbon-supported Pd was virtually identical to that of Pt under each of these conditions.
Single-mode Nd lasers with adaptive cavity and self-phase-conjugation (2000)

Self-pumped phase-conjugate multiloop Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP, and Nd:Glass lasers are investigated and developed. The parametric feedback is realized by dynamic holographic gratings in active and passive LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> Q-switcher medium. High power and spatial laser characteristics are obtained: Nd:YAG laser - - 114 W average power at 0.5 mrad beam divergence; Nd:YAP laser -- 51 W average power at 1.2 mrad beam divergence; Nd:Glass laser --18 J in pulse train at 1 mrad beam divergence.
Purification of Biogases from Siloxanes by Adsorption: On the Regenerability of Activated Carbon Sorbents (2009)

The effective adsorption capacity of hexamethycyclotrisiloxane (HMCTS), a common siloxane impurity in biogases, by solids, such as activated carbons (ACs), silica, and zeolite, has been evaluated in laboratory experiments using synthetic biogas. The adsorption mode of this molecule has been investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Similar experiments have been performed with exhausted ACs taken from a commercial adsorption column treating real landfill biogas. It has been found that pure ACs are efficient sorbents for HMCTS, better than alkali-impregnated ACs and inorganic solids. It was found that HMCTS converts in part upon adsorption into silicone and silica. This is likely a reason of the only partial regenerability of ACs after use in purification of real biogases.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED CARBOXYLATES FROM THE PHOTOOXYGENATION OF OXAZOLES. APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF RECIFEIOLIDE AND OTHER MACROCYCLIC LACTONES (1981)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐4,5‐diphenyloxazol (I) liefert mit Lithium‐diisopropylamid (LDA) über das Anion (II) mit Iodiden (III) die Substitutionsprodukte (IV).
Curve Digitizer – A software for multiple curves digitizing (2010)

The Curve Digitizer is software that extracts data from an image file representing a graphicand returns them as pairs of numbers which can then be used for further analysis and applications.Numbers can be read on a computer screen stored in files or copied on paper. The final result is adata set that can be used with other tools such as MSEXCEL. Curve Digitizer provides a useful toolfor any researcher or engineer interested in quantifying the data displayed graphically. The image filecan be obtained by scanning a document