gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herbal remedies: adverse effects and drug interactions. (1999)

A growing number of Americans are using herbal products for preventive and therapeutic purposes. The manufacturers of these products are not required to submit proof of safety and efficacy to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration before marketing. For this reason, the adverse effects and drug interactions associated with herbal remedies are largely unknown. Ginkgo biloba extract, advertised as improving cognitive functioning, has been reported to cause spontaneous bleeding, and it may interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. St. John's wort, promoted as a treatment for depression, may have monoamine oxidase-inhibiting effects or may cause increased levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Although St. John's wort probably does not interact with foods that contain tyramine, it should not be used with prescription antidepressants. Ephedrine-containing herbal products have been associated with adverse cardiovascular events, seizures and even death. Ginseng, widely used for its purported physical and mental effects, is generally well tolerated, but it has been implicated as a cause of decreased response to warfarin. Physicians must be alert for adverse effects and drug interactions associated with herbal remedies, and they should ask all patients about the use of these products.
Review on Scale Dependent Characterization of the Microstructure of Porous Media (2001)

The paper discusses local porosity theory and its relation with other geometric characterization methods for porous media such as correlation functions and contact distributions. Special emphasis is placed on the charcterization of geometric observables through Hadwigers theorem in stochastic geometry. The four basic Minkowski functionals are introduced into local porosity theory, and for the first time a relationship is established between the Euler characteristic and the local percolation probabilities. Local porosity distributions and local percolation probabilities provide a scale dependent characterization of the microstructure of porous media that can be used in an effective medium approach to predict transport.
The nature of water on surfaces of laboratory systems and implications for heterogeneous chemistry in the troposphere (2004)

A number of heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric importance occur in thin water films on surfaces in the earth's boundary layer. It is therefore important to understand the interaction of water with various materials, both those used to study heterogeneous chemistry in laboratory systems, as well as those found in the atmosphere. We report here studies at 22 °C to characterize the interaction of water with such materials as a function of relative humidity from 0–100%. The surfaces studied include borosilicate glass, both untreated and after cleaning by three different methods (water, hydrogen peroxide and an argon plasma discharge), quartz, FEP Teflon film, a self assembled monolayer of n-octyltrichlorosilane (C8 SAM) on glass, halocarbon wax coatings prepared by two different methods, and several different types of Teflon coatings on solid substrates. Four types of measurements covering the range from the macroscopic level to the molecular scale were made: (1) contact angle measurements of water droplets on these surfaces to obtain macroscopic scale data on the water-surface interaction, (2) atomic force microscopy measurements to provide micron to sub-micron level data on the surface topography, (3) transmission FTIR of the surfaces in the presence of increasing water vapor concentrations to probe the interaction with the surface at a molecular level, and (4) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the elemental surface composition of the glass and quartz samples. Both borosilicate glass and the halocarbon wax coatings adsorbed significantly more water than the FEP Teflon film, which can be explained by a combination of the chemical nature of the surfaces and their physical topography. The C8 SAM, which is both hydrophobic and has a low surface roughness, takes up little water. The implications for the formation of thin water films on various surfaces in contact with the atmosphere, including building materials, soil, and vegetation, are discussed.
Effect of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide on tissue factor expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. (2001)

Tissue factor expression and PCA in APL cells may be down-regulated by ATRA and As2O3. By down-regulating TF expression, As2O3 might also be used to improve the DIC-related hemorrhage in APL. Our data indicate that elevated TF antigen in PML-RARa + U937 may be related to the fusion protein PML-RARa. The down-regulating effect of ATRA and As2O3 on TF expression in U937 cells might not involve this fusion protein.
The IVBF Dual-Blade Plate and Its Applications (1991)

A recently developed simple device, the intervertebral body fixation dual-blade plate, was used in 88 cases of different spinal disorders. This patients in the first series were operated on from 1984 to 1986. The device is biomechanically simple and its application safe and easy. Using a proper bone grafting technique, it is a reliable device to establish spinal stability in spine surgery through an anterior approach. Its application in cases of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine with paraplegia, tuberculous spondylitis, and primary tumors of vertebral bodies is presented. The midterm results, covering a follow-up period of 24-49 months (mean, 32 months) were satisfactory; there were no serious complications directly related to the device. There were four cases of pseudarthrosis due to insufficient bone graft technique. Of these, there were three cases of failure of the dual-blade plate.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-IMIDAZOLINES AND 2-IMIDAZOLIDONES (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF 2-IMIDAZOLINES AND 2-IMIDAZOLIDONESROBERT J. FERM, J. L. RIEBSOMER, G. H. DAUB, and E. L. MARTINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 2, 181–184Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01136a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (233 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vertically Aligned Nanowires from Boron-Doped Diamond (2008)

Vertically aligned diamond nanowires with controlled geometrical properties like length and distance between wires were fabricated by use of nanodiamond particles as a hard mask and by use of reactive ion etching. The surface structure, electronic properties, and electrochemical functionalization of diamond nanowires were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) as well as electrochemical techniques. AFM and STM experiments show that diamond nanowire etched for 10 s have wire-typed structures with 3-10 nm in length and with typically 11 nm spacing in between. The electrode active area of diamond nanowires is enhanced by a factor of 2. The functionalization of nanowire tips with nitrophenyl molecules is characterized by STM on clean and on nitrophenyl molecule-modified diamond nanowires. Tip-modified diamond nanowires are promising with respect to biosensor applications where controlled biomolecule bonding is required to improve chemical stability and sensing significantly.
Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall‐Komplexe, LI: P‐Liganden als optisch aktive Hilfsstoffe in den Komplexen C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>M(CO)(NO)L, M = Cr, Mo, W (1978)

Abstract Fünf neue optisch aktive Liganden des Typs PR 2 (NR′R″) und PR 2 (OR′) mit chiralen C‐Atomen im Substituenten R′ ( 1a , c , d , 2 , 5 ) wurden synthetisiert. Die neuen Liganden L sowie fünf bekannte P‐Verbindungen ähnlichen Aufbaus ( 1b , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 ) wurden mit den prochiralen Komplexen C 5 H 5 M(CO) 2 (NO), M = Cr, Mo, W, zu den Monosubstitutionsprodukten C 5 H 5 M(CO)(NO)L umgesetzt, in denen das Metallatom ein Asymmetriezentrum darstellt. Untersuchungen über die optische Induktion bei der Bildung der diastereomeren Komplexe C 5 H 5 M(CO)(NO)L, ihre 1 H‐NMR‐Unterscheidbarkeit und ihre Trennbarkeit durch präparative Flüssigkeitschromatographie sowie fraktionierte Kristallisation demonstrieren die Anwendbarkeit der eingesetzten zehn Liganden als optisch aktive Hilfsstoffe bei der Darstellung und Racematspaltung chiraler Metallkomplexe.
Separation Of Polyphenolics And Sugar By Ultrafiltration: Effects Of Operating Conditions On Fouling And Diafiltration (2007)

Polyphenolics and sugar are the components of many fruit juices. In this work, the performance of ultra-filtration (UF) for separating phenolic compounds from apple juice was studied by performing batch experiments in a membrane module with an area of 0.1 m2 and fitted with a regenerated cellulose membrane of 1 kDa MWCO. The effects of various operating conditions: transmembrane pressure (3, 4, 5 bar), temperature (30, 35, 40 ºC), pH (2, 3, 4, 5), feed concentration (3, 5, 7, 10, 15 ºBrix for apple juice) and feed flow rate (1, 1.5, 1.8 L/min) on the performance were determined. The optimum operating conditions were: transmembrane pressure 4 bar, temperature 30 ºC, feed flow rate 1 – 1.8 L/min, pH 3 and 10 Brix (apple juice). After performing ultrafiltration under these conditions, the concentration of polyphenolics in retentate was increased by a factor of up to 2.7 with up to 70% recovered in the permeate and with approx. 20% of the sugar in that stream.. Application of diafiltration (addition of water to the concentrate) can regain the flux by a factor of 1.5, which has been decreased due to fouling. The material balance performed on the process has shown the amount of deposits on the membrane and the extent of fouling in the system. In conclusion, ultrafiltration has been demonstrated as a potential technology to separate the polyphenolics and sugars from their mixtures and can be applied to remove sugars from fruit juice.
Bidding Languages for Combinatorial Auctions (2005)

This chapter examines a number of convenient bidding languages for combinatorial auctions and discusses their properties. It states that the basic aim of a bidding language is to draw a balance between the goals of expressiveness and simplicity. The chapter begins with some examples of valuations, both symmetric and asymmetric, and discusses the leading paradigm for bidding languages in combinatorial auctions. It further describes the computational complexity issues associated with bidding language including expression complexity, complexity of winner determination, and complexity of evaluation. The chapter concludes with the presentation of the technical proofs for the theorems related to both the OR and XOR bidding languages.
Deep Homography for Efficient Stereo Image Compression (2021)

In this paper, we propose HESIC, an end-to-end trainable deep network for stereo image compression (SIC). To fully explore the mutual information across two stereo images, we use a deep regression model to estimate the homography matrix, i.e., H matrix. Then, the left image is spatially transformed by the H matrix, and only the residual information between the left and right images is encoded to save bitrates. A two-branch auto-encoder architecture is adopted in HESIC, corresponding to the left and right images, respectively. For entropy coding, we use two conditional stereo entropy models, i.e., Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based and context based entropy models, to fully explore the correlation between the two images to reduce the coding bit-rates. In decoding, a cross quality enhancement module is proposed to enhance the image quality based on inverse H matrix. Experimental results show that our HESIC outperforms state-of-the-art SIC methods on InStereo2K and KITTI datasets both quantitatively and qualitatively. Code is available at https://github.com/ywz978020607/HESIC.
Microstructure‐Lattice Thermal Conductivity Correlation in Nanostructured PbTe<sub>0.7</sub>S<sub>0.3</sub> Thermoelectric Materials (2010)

Abstract The reduction of thermal conductivity, and a comprehensive understanding of the microstructural constituents that cause this reduction, represent some of the important challenges for the further development of thermoelectric materials with improved figure of merit. Model PbTe‐based thermoelectric materials that exhibit very low lattice thermal conductivity have been chosen for this microstructure–thermal conductivity correlation study. The nominal PbTe 0.7 S 0.3 composition spinodally decomposes into two phases: PbTe and PbS. Orderly misfit dislocations, incomplete relaxed strain, and structure‐modulated contrast rather than composition‐modulated contrast are observed at the boundaries between the two phases. Furthermore, the samples also contain regularly shaped nanometer‐scale precipitates. The theoretical calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of the PbTe 0.7 S 0.3 material, based on transmission electron microscopy observations, closely aligns with experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of a very low value, ∼0.8 W m −1 K −1 at room temperature, approximately 35% and 30% of the value of the lattice thermal conductivity of either PbTe and PbS, respectively. It is shown that phase boundaries, interfacial dislocations, and nanometer‐scale precipitates play an important role in enhancing phonon scattering and, therefore, in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.
Head and neck manifestations of SLE. (1979)

The records of 100 consecutive patients hospitalized with systemic lupus erythematosus were reviewed, and a 76 percent incidence of head and neck signs and symptoms was found. The findings of this study correlate with previous reports. Although no head and neck manifestations or combination of them is pathognomonic of the disease, the family physician should consider the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in young adults who present with otherwise unexplained and nonspecific head and neck findings.
Widespread distribution of Gqα/Gllα detected immunologically by an antipeptide antiserum directed against the predicted C‐terminal decapeptide (1991)

Antisera were raised to a synthetic peptide which represents the predicted C-terminal decapeptide of the alpha subunit of the G-proteins Gq and G11. Competitive ELISA indicated that antiserum CQ2 displayed strong reactivity against this peptide. Antiserum CQ2 identified an apparently single polypeptide of 42 kDa which was expressed widely. The mobility of this polypeptide in SDS-PAGE was not modified by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin, indicating that it was not a substrate for this toxin. Furthermore, the levels and mobility of this polypeptide were unaltered by treatment of cells with cholera toxin, defining that it was not related to Gs alpha.
[Amino acid makeup, structural characteristics and substrate specificity of rabbit plasma kininogen]. (1975)

Highly purified kininogen preparation with the activity of 16-18 int. units per mg was isolated from rabbit blood serum. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 54 000 by gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. Leucine was identified as N-terminal amino acid by the dansylation method. Rabbit kininogen consists of 394 amino acid residues (except tryptophane). Amino acid composition of kininogen is characterized by a high content of dicarbonic amino acids, proline and by a low content of methionine. Kininogen molecule does not contain SH-groups. 13.1-13.5 SH-groups were found in kininogen after the reduction of S-S bonds with beta-mercaptoethanol in the presence of 8 M urea, thus indicating the presence of 6-7 S-S bonds in kininogen molecule. Kininogen group does not occupy C-terminal position in the molecule, because the treatment of the protein with carboxypeptidase B does not change the content of bradykinine in it. Purified kininogen preparation is a substrate for kallikrein from rabbit blood plasma, human saliva and trypsin. Unlike trypsin, kallikreines from human blood plasma and saliva release kinines from kininogen with reduced S-S bonds. Under spontaneous reoxidation of reduced S-S bonds up to 90%, substate properties of kininogen for tripsin recover only by 50%. Rabbit kininogen is similar to beef kininogen II in its molecular weight, amino acid composition and the number of S-S bonds.
Neurotrophin survival signaling mechanisms (2005)

Neurotrophins are a unique family of polypeptide growth factors that influence the proliferation, differentiation, survival and death of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, and NT-4 also mediate additional higher order activities, such as learning, memory and behavior, in addition to their established functions for cell survival. The effects of neurotrophins depend upon their levels of availability, their affinity of binding to transmembrane receptors and the downstream signaling cascades that are stimulated after receptor activation. Alterations in neurotrophin levels have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Huntington’s disease, and as well as psychiatric disorders such as depression and substance abuse. Difficulties in administering trophic factors have led to the consideration of using small molecules, such as G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands, which can participate in transactivation events.
Optical Coding for Enhanced Real-Time Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in Passive Optical Networks (2009)

In this paper, optical pulse encoding and decoding technology is proposed to enable real-time signaling in a passive optical network (PON) setting. Unique optical codes are assigned to selected optical network units (ONUs) equipped with the corresponding encoders. An out-of-band pulse train is broadcast from the optical line terminal (OLT) and is modulated by ONU-based switches. The encoded reflections of pulses are thus used to update the status of the OC-enabled queues at the OLT in real time. We explore the enhanced PON architecture and define its major design parameters. Through extensive simulations, we investigate the design principles and limits of our system parameters. Through a performance comparison of native interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time with its OC-enhanced counterpart, we show that our OC enhancement breaks the fundamental delay lower bound associated to the polling cycle. We propose and investigate new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms that exploit real-time queue updates enabled through OC-enhanced polling. We also explore the pay-as-you-grow implementation of OC-enhanced polling to realize quality-of-service (QoS) differentiation, elaborate on possible migration paths from conventional PONs, and investigate absolute QoS performance guarantee improvements achieved through OC-enabled real-time DBA algorithms.
Effect of surfactants on the structure and photoelectric properties of ITO films by sol‐gel method (2010)

Abstract The Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film possesses excellent photoelectric properties that enable it to act as an ideal transparent conductor. To obtain high‐quality ITO films through sol‐gel method, the ionic surfactant monoethanolamine and the non‐ionic surfactant polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to the ITO precursor slurry. The influences of surfactants on the structural and photoelectric properties of ITO film samples were investigated. XRD patterns indicated that surfactant monoethanolamine contributed to film predominant grain orientation along the (400) plane. The high transmittance (over 95%) was attributed to the preferred orientation and the grain size expansion of ITO films. SEM showed that the surface particle size and the morphology of ITO films were strongly dependent on the kind of surfactants used. Moving to the shortwave region, the absorption edge of the films exhibited the Burstein‐Moss shift.
Numerical Analysis of a Printed Dipole Antenna Integrated With a 3-D AMC Block (2007)

The integration of a printed electric dipole antenna into a volumetric metamaterial-based artificial magnetic conductor block is considered. It is demonstrated numerically that resonant modes can be excited to produce either large front-to-back ratios or large broadside directivities
Preventive Effects of ACTICOA Powder, a Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract, on Experimentally Induced Prostate Hyperplasia in Wistar-Unilever Rats (2007)

Plant extracts are useful in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study investigates whether ACTICOA (Barry Callebaut France, Louviers, France) powder (AP), a cocoa polyphenolic extract, could prevent prostate hyperplasia induced by testosterone propionate (TP) in rats. Male Wistar-Unilever rats were randomly divided in four groups of 12 rats: one negative control group receiving subcutaneous injections of corn oil and treated with vehicle and three groups injected subcutaneously with TP and treated with the vehicle (positive control) or AP at 24 (AP24) and 48 (AP48) mg/kg/day. Treatments were given orally and started 2 weeks before the induction of prostate hyperplasia. The influence of TP and AP on body weights and food and water consumption of rats was examined. On day 36, rats were sacrificed, and the prostates were removed, cleaned, and weighed. The prostate size ratio (prostate weight/rat body weight) was then calculated. TP significantly influenced the body weight gain of the rats and their food and water consumption, while AP at both doses tested reduced significantly these differences. TP significantly increased prostate size ratio (P < .001), and this induced increase was significantly inhibited in AP-treated rats in comparison with positive controls (P < .001) in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that AP can prevent TP-induced prostate hyperplasia and therefore may be beneficial in the management of BPH.
CKAP4, a DKK1 Receptor, Is a Biomarker in Exosomes Derived from Pancreatic Cancer and a Molecular Target for Therapy (2019)

CKAP4 secreted in exosomes may represent a biomarker for PDAC. Anti-CKAP4 mAbs can contribute to the development of novel diagnostic methods and therapeutics.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor in Gastroprotection and Ulcer Healing (1988)

The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the most rapidly proliferating tissues in the body. Proliferation and growth are balanced by cell loss through exfoliation of the surface cells, so that under normal conditions the cell population is maintained at a dynamic steady state (1). Most newly produced cells migrate rapidly from the regeneration zone to the surface and differentiate into the mucous cells of the surface epithelium. The migration time required to replace the total surface epithelial cells is about 3 days in the rat (2) and 4-6 days in man (3,4). Because of the rapid turnover of mucosal cell populations, any alteration in the processes regulating the growth is likely to produce functional changes and may lead either to mucosal atrophy or ulcerations when the cell loss exceeds cell regeneration or to hyperplasia when the production of cells is increased or their life is prolonged.