gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation Classification of Linear Digital Signals Based on Compressive Sensing Using High-Order Moments (2014)

Compressed sensing theory can be applied to reconstruct the signal with far fewer measurements than what is usually considered necessary. While for the classification of modulated signals, we only expect to acquire some characteristics rather than the original signal. However, to select the feature used for modulation classification with sparsity is the main challenge. In this paper, we propose a method to identify the linear modulation format of an unknown single carrier linear digital signal using compressive samples, without reconstructing the original signal. In our method, we construct a compositional feature of multiple high-order moments of the received data as the identification characteristic. From simulations we can see that the method is effective, even at a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio.
Effects of nitridation in gate oxides grown on 4H-SiC (2001)

Experiments have demonstrated that nitridation provides critically important improvements in the quality of SiO2–SiC interface. This article provides results and analysis aimed at developing the much needed understanding of the mechanisms and effects associated with both annealing of pregrown oxides and direct growth in NO and N2O environments. According to the model proposed in the article, nitridation plays a double role: (1) creation of strong Si≡N bonds that passivate interface traps due to dangling and strained bonds, and (2) removal of carbon and associated complex silicon–oxycarbon bonds from the interface. This understanding of the effects of nitridation is experimentally verified and used to design a superior process for gate oxide growth in the industry-preferred N2O environment.
Hyperglycosylated hCG Is a Marker of Early Human Trophoblast Invasion (2010)

This study suggests that the high levels of hCG-H observed in first-trimester maternal sera are mainly from invasive evct origin, reflecting the early trophoblast invasion process.
A survey on wearable biosensor systems for health monitoring (2008)

Wearable biosensor systems for health monitoring are an emerging trend and are expected to enable proactive personal health management and better treatment of various medical conditions. These systems, comprising various types of small physiological sensors, transmission modules and processing capabilities, promise to change the future of health care, by providing low-cost wearable unobtrusive solutions for continuous all-day and any-place health, mental and activity status monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the research and development done so far on wearable biosensor systems for health-monitoring, by comparing a variety of current system implementations and approaches and identifying their technological shortcomings. A set of significant features, that best describe the functionality and the characteristics of wearable biosensor systems, has been selected to derive a thorough study. The aim of this survey is not to criticize, but to serve as a reference for current achievements and their maturity level and to provide direction for future research improvements.
Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen (1951)

Abstract Auf dem Wege über die Chlor‐ bzw. Brommethylierung geeigneter Fluorbenzole lassen sich physiologisch wirksame aromatische Fluorverbindungen gewinnen. Es wurden auf diese Weise fluorierte Derivate des Tyrosins und Tyramins dargestellt.
Low-temperature transition to a superconducting phase in boron-doped silicon films grown on (001)-oriented silicon wafers (2010)

We report on a detailed analysis of the superconducting properties of boron-doped silicon films grown along the 001 direction by gas immersion laser doping. The doping concentration ${c}_{B}$ has been varied up to $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }%$ by increasing the number of laser shots to 500. No superconductivity could be observed down to 40 mK for doping level below $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }%$. The critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ then increased steeply to reach $\ensuremath{\sim}0.6\text{ }\text{K}$ for ${c}_{B}\ensuremath{\sim}8\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }%$. No hysteresis was found for the transitions in magnetic field, which is characteristic of a type II superconductor. The corresponding upper critical field ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{o}{H}_{c2}(0)$ was on the order of 1000 G, much smaller than the value previously reported by Bustarret et al. [E. Bustarret et al., Nature (London) 444, 465 (2006)].
Polychlorinated Acetamides from the Cyanobacterium <i>Microcoleus lyngbyaceus</i> (2001)

Several new compounds were isolated from the organic extract of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus lyngbyaceus, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. Polychlorinated acetamidoalkynes and alkanes were the major metabolites. 6-Acetamido-1,1,1-trichloroundecane, a positional isomer of the naturally occurring 5-acetamido-1,1,1-trichloroundecane, was synthesized in six steps from delta-decanolactone.
Overcoming photodamage in second-harmonic generation microscopy: Real-time optical recording of neuronal action potentials (2006)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) has proven essential for the highest-resolution optical recording of membrane potential (Vm) in intact specimens. Here, we demonstrate single-trial SHG recordings of neuronal somatic action potentials and quantitative recordings of their decay with averaging at multiple sites during propagation along branched neurites at distances up to 350 mum from the soma. We realized these advances by quantifying, analyzing, and thereby minimizing the dynamics of photodamage (PD), a frequent limiting factor in the optical imaging of biological preparations. The optical signal and the PD during SHG imaging of stained cultured Aplysia neurons were examined with intracellular electrode recordings monitoring the resting Vm variations induced by laser-scanning illumination. We found that the PD increased linearly with the dye concentration but grew with the cube of illumination intensity, leading to unanticipated optimization procedures to minimize PD. The addition of appropriate antioxidants in conjunction with an observed Vm recovery after termination of laser scanning further refined the imaging criteria for minimization and control of PD during SHG recording of action potentials. With these advances, the potential of SHG as an effective optical tool for neuroscience investigations is being realized.
Malicious Nodes Detection in MANETs: Behavioral Analysis Approach (2012)

The increased popularity and usage of wireless technologies has opened the doors for new emerging applications in the domain of networking. One emerging and promising areas is the domain of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that form a dynamic network without the need for infrastructure or centralized points. The dynamic nature of ad hoc networks presents many security challenges. Secure routing is a promising area for achieving better security for the network by protecting the routing protocols against malicious attacks. Several secure routing protocols have been proposed in the literatures that were successful in avoiding and preventing some types of security attacks in MANETs.    However, MANETs are still vulnerable to other types of attacks. Hence, there is a need for introducing an efficient mechanism to detect malicious nodes. In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed that improves the performance of routing protocol against the malicious attacks. Since a malicious node behaves in abnormal ways, this mechanism proposes observing nodes behavior such as nodes’ mobility, and avoiding communication through these nodes which may lead to more secure routing.
Inhibitory Effects of Mizolastine on Ultraviolet B‐Induced Leukotriene B4 Production and 5‐Lipoxygenase Expression in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts <i>In Vitro</i> (2006)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation exerts hazardous effects such as acute photodamage, skin cancer and photoaging. In this study we evaluated the protective effects of a nonsedative histamine H1-receptor antagonist, mizolastine, on UVB-exposed skin dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, primary human skin fibroblasts were incubated with mizolastine or dexamethasone after 100 mJ/cm(2) UVB irradiation. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in fibroblast supernatants was detected with enzyme immunoassays, expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin fibroblasts was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and expression of 5-LOX protein was measured by immune blotting and immunofluorescent staining with rabbit anti-human 5-LOX antibody. It was found that 0.01 mM mizolastine inhibited UVB-induced LTB4 production from skin fibroblasts at 12, 24 and 36 h. Meanwhile, mizolastine down-regulated 5-LOX mRNA expression and inhibited 5-LOX translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm in fibroblasts. On the basis of these findings, we propose that mizolastine might play a protective role in the pathogenesis of UV radiation-induced acute photodamage of the skin.
Multi-Instance Multi-Scale CNN for Medical Image Classification (2019)

Deep learning for medical image classification faces three major challenges: 1) the number of annotated medical images for training are usually small; 2) regions of interest (ROIs) are relatively small with unclear boundaries in the whole medical images, and may appear in arbitrary positions across the x,y (and also z in 3D images) dimensions. However often only labels of the whole images are annotated, and localized ROIs are unavailable; and 3) ROIs in medical images often appear in varying sizes (scales). We approach these three challenges with a Multi-Instance Multi-Scale (MIMS) CNN: 1) We propose a multi-scale convolutional layer, which extracts patterns of different receptive fields with a shared set of convolutional kernels, so that scale-invariant patterns are captured by this compact set of kernels. As this layer contains only a small number of parameters, training on small datasets becomes feasible; 2) We propose a "top-k pooling" to aggregate the feature maps in varying scales from multiple spatial dimensions, allowing the model to be trained using weak annotations within the multiple instance learning (MIL) framework. Our method is shown to perform well on three classification tasks involving two 3D and two 2D medical image datasets.
Adaptive Hindi OCR using generalized Hausdorff image comparison (2003)

We present an adaptive Hindi OCR implemented as part of a rapidly retargetable language tool effort. The system includes: script identification, character segmentation, training sample creation, and character recognition. In script identification, Hindi words are identified from bilingual or multilingual documents based on features of the Devanagari script or using Support Vector Machines. Identified words are then segmented into individual characters in the next step, where the composite characters are identified and further segmented based on the structural properties of the script and statistical information. Segmented characters are recognized using generalized Hausdorff image comparison (GHIC) and postprocessing is applied to improve the performance. The OCR system, which was designed and implemented in one month, was applied to a complete Hindi--English bilingual dictionary and a set of ideal images extracted from Hindi documents in PDF format. Experimental results show the recognition accuracy can reach 88% for noisy images and 95% for ideal images. The presented method can also be extended to design OCR systems for different scripts.
Roads Digital Map Generation with Multi-track GPS Data (2008)

In order to generate roads digital map of unknown area when the raster map is absent, we proposed a way which employs multi-track GPS (Global Position System) data. Despite inaccuracy of GPS system itself, multi-track data can reduce errors when we assume a symmetric distribution of the error values. Morphological operations to binary image are employed to process the GPS data. Dilation, closing operations are used to merge discrete data points and fill in gaps among GPS tracks, while thinning algorithm and pruning are used to extract skeleton to gets the roadspsila position. We also exploit direction rule and distance rule to delete redundant nodes when constructing roads graph so that the data storage of digital map will be reduced. By overlaying our own digital map on the Google Earth map of the same roads, this way of generating digital map with multi-track GPS data is proved to be effective.
Molecular Coproscopy: Dung and Diet of the Extinct Ground Sloth <i>Nothrotheriops shastensis</i> (1998)

DNA from excrements can be amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction. However, this has not been possible with ancient feces. Cross-links between reducing sugars and amino groups were shown to exist in a Pleistocene coprolite from Gypsum Cave, Nevada. A chemical agent, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide, that cleaves such cross-links made it possible to amplify DNA sequences. Analyses of these DNA sequences showed that the coprolite is derived from an extinct sloth, presumably the Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis. Plant DNA sequences from seven groups of plants were identified in the coprolite. The plant assemblage that formed part of the sloth's diet exists today at elevations about 800 meters higher than the cave.
Imaging and tracking single fluorescent nanobeads in solution (2005)

In single-particle tracking (SPT), fluorescence video microscopy is used to record the motion images of single particle or single molecule. Here, by using a total-internal-reflection microscope equipped with an argon ion laser and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera with high-speed and high-sensitivity, video images of single nanobeads in solutions were obtained. From the trajectories, the diffusion coefficient of individual nanobead was determined by the mean square displacements as a function of time. The sizes of nanobeads were calculated by Stokes-Einstein equation, and the results were compared with the actual values.
Research Progress of Ellipsometer (2007)

The working principle of the ellipsometers is described.Different configurations of ellipsometers are compared.According to different applications,spectroscopic ellipsometer,infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer,imaging ellipsometer and generalized ellipsometer are introduced,respectively.The data processing of ellipsometer is also analyzed.Finally,the future development of ellipsometer is prospected.
Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers (2007)

In this paper, we studied SC generation in fiber lasers and in optical fibers pumped by different light sources which include fs and ps pulse sources, and continuous-wave (CW) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light sources. First, we demonstrated SC generation with a 10dB spectral bandwidth of 430nm in a fiber ring laser with conventional nonlinear fiber. Second, we proposed and demonstrated a new and efficient approach to generation of a CW SC in optical fibers pumped by a CW ASE light. A bandwidth of 268nm (at -15dB level) with an average spectral density of 2.7mW/nm was demonstrated. Various approaches to flattening the spectrum and increasing the spectral width were also studied. The application of this SC source in WDM passive optical access networks (WDM-PONs) was investigated. Third, the approach of SC generation in a fiber combination of standard SMF and nonlinear DSF pumped by an all-fiber fs pulse Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) system was developed. A spectral bandwidth of over 1000nm was demonstrated. Finally, the generation of broad comb-like-spectral light based on the pulse compression of 40GHz optical pulses in a new nonlinear dispersion-decreasing fiber with high SBS threshold was studied. A continuum light source with over 125 channels and a channel spacing of 40 GHz was achieved. The use of this continuum light source as WDM source in WDM-PONs was investigated.
Sauerstoff, System-Nummer 3, Lieferung 5. Sauerstoff, System-Nummer 3, Lieferung 6. Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSauerstoff, System-Nummer 3, Lieferung 5. Sauerstoff, System-Nummer 3, Lieferung 6. Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen ChemieEdward L. KingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 5, 950Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50039a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50039a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro Comparison of the Activity of Various Antibiotics and Drugs against New Taiwan Isolates and Standard Strains of Avian Mycoplasma (1987)

Twenty-nine antibiotics or drugs were incorporated individually into mycoplasma agar to evaluate their inhibitory activity against avian mycoplasmas: 100 recent Taiwan isolates of 7 serotypes and 10 standard strains of 7 serotypes were tested. All of the standard strains were very sensitive to erythromycin, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline, but the local isolates were highly resistant to these antibiotics. The drugs or antibiotics that possessed an MIC90 of 50 micrograms/ml or less against the local isolates were tiamulin (less than 0.4 micrograms/ml), lincospectin (2.7), josamycin (2.7), lincomycin (3.0), spectinomycin (4.8), tylosin (6.0), kanamycin (6.0), chloramphenicol (6.0), gentamicin (7.5), apramycin (24.5), doxycycline (27.4), minocycline (29.0), spiramycin (30.0), colistin (44.3), leucomycin (45.0), and streptomycin (50.0). The MIC90 of the other antibiotics or drugs was greater than 50 micrograms/ml. None of the isolates or strains were sensitive to nalidixic acid, ronidazole, penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, carbadox, or four sulfa drugs at a concentration about 5 times the therapeutic level.
ExSciTecH: Expanding volunteer computing to Explore Science, Technology, and Health (2012)

This paper presents ExSciTecH, an NSF-funded project deploying volunteer computing (VC) systems to Explore Science, Tecenology, and Health. ExSciTecH aims at radically transforming VC systems and the volunteer's experience. To pursue this goal, ExSciTecH integrates and uses gameplay environments into BOINC, a well-known VC middleware, to involve the volunteers not only for simply donating idle cycles but also for actively participating in scientific discovery, i.e., generating new simulations side by side with the scientists. More specifically, ExSciTecH plugs into the BOINC framework extending it with two main gaming components, i.e., a learning component that includes a suite of games for training users on relevant biochemical concepts, and an engaging component that includes a suite of games to engage volunteers in drug design and scientific discovery. We assessed the impact of a first implementation of the learning game on a group of students at the University of Delaware. Our tests clearly show how ExSciTecH can generate higher levels of enthusiasm than more traditional learning tools in our students.
Measurement of Residual Leukemia during Remission in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1997)

Molecular signs of residual leukemia can persist up to 35 months after the cessation of chemotherapy in children with ALL in remission. This suggests that eradication of all leukemia cells may not be a prerequisite for cure.
Radical clock substrate probes and kinetic isotope effect studies of the hydroxylation of hydrocarbons by methane monooxygenase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical clock substrate probes and kinetic isotope effect studies of the hydroxylation of hydrocarbons by methane monooxygenaseKatherine E. Liu, Cathy C. Johnson, Martin Newcomb, and Stephen J. LippardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3, 939–947Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00056a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00056a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2219Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CFD Modeling and Validation of Temperature and Flow Distribution in Air-Conditioned Space (2008)

Creating suitable thermal conditions for satisfying human desires, the thermal comfort has been recognized to be an essential requirement of the indoor environment.Thermal comfort is related to temperature and airflow distributions in air conditioning space, which play an important role in optimum design of air-conditioning system or ventilation system.No such general CFD model can be applicable for airflow and temperature distribution in room due to the suitability of turbulent models are dependent on application, operating conditions and other factors.The main aim of the present study is to investigate the airflow and temperature distribution of air-conditioning space.For this purpose, an experimental study on flow pattern and velocity distribution in an enclosed space with single inlet and outlet has been conducted.The flow pattern, velocity and temperature distributions in the above enclosed space have been investigated using three dimensional CFD simulation and the results obtained from the simulation are validated with experimental data.Results show that and k models give more closer results of velocity and temperature distributions compared to Reynolds stress model, although all these three give very narrow results at inlet plane and Reynold stress model show more deviation with experimental data compared to and k models for velocity distribution.