gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enlarged-scale Production of a Low-phenylalanine Peptide Substance as a Foodstuff for Patients with Phenylketonuria (1986)

Journal Article Enlarged-scale Production of a Low-phenylalanine Peptide Substance as a Foodstuff for Patients with Phenylketonuria Get access Soichi Arai, Soichi Arai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akiko Maeda, Akiko Maeda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masahiko Matsumura, Masahiko Matsumura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Noriko Hirao, Noriko Hirao Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michiko Watanabe Michiko Watanabe Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 11, 1 November 1986, Pages 2929–2931, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867855 Published: 01 November 1986 Article history Received: 30 May 1986 Published: 01 November 1986
Cancellation of Torque Ripples With FOC Strategy Under Two-Phase Failures of the Five-Phase PM Motor (2016)

This paper investigates torque ripples cancellation of a five-phase (5Ph) permanent magnet (PM) motor under open fault of two phases, where failure phases are either adjacent or nonadjacent. In recent works, torque ripples cancellation is performed at a stationary frame and postfault current solutions for constant output torque are complicated. To implement field-oriented control (FOC) and carrier-based pulse width modulation, reduced-order Clarke and Park transformations are proposed. With the coordinate transformation, a 5Ph motor model under unbalanced conditions has been decoupled. Along with this, the fundamental torque at the d-q frame also remains the same as the healthy case. However, third harmonic of winding density distribution results in torque ripples. To reduce dependence on mathematical model of torque ripples, sliding mode control is employed to calculate q -axis current reference while keeping constant the rotor speed. Decoupled models corresponding to two types of faults, which are adjacent and nonadjacent open fault, are confirmed by finite element analysis, and effectiveness of proposed torque ripples cancellation method is verified on the 5Ph drive in the laboratory.
Cognitive science meets multi-agent systems: A prolegomenon (2001)

In the current research on multi-agent systems (MAS), many theoretical issues related to sociocultural processes have been touched upon. These issues are in fact intellectually profound and should prove to be significant for MAS. Moreover, these issues should have equally significant impact on cognitive science, if we ever try to understand cognition in the broad context of sociocultural environments in which cognitive agents exist. Furthermore, cognitive models as studied in cognitive science can help us in a substantial way to better probe multi-agent issues, by taking into account essential characteristics of cognitive agents and their various capacities. In this paper, we systematically examine the interplay among social sciences, MAS, and cognitive science. We try to justify an integrated approach for MAS which incorporates different perspectives. We show how a new cognitive model, CLARION, can embody such an integrated approach through a combination of autonomous learning and assimilation.
Molecular karyotype analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum: evidence for eight chromosomes and a low-molecular-size molecule (1997)

We report improved separation of chromosome-sized DNA molecules of the coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium parvum with contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields (CHEF). We used scanning densitometry to determine that the most likely number of chromosomes is eight. Molecular probes consisting of cloned genes were used to distinguish each of five bands visible on CHEF gels. We have also identified a low-molecular-size DNA molecule possibly related to the 35-kb circular DNAs found in other Apicomplexa.
Calcium Retention From Milk-Based Infant Formulas, Whey-Hydrolysate Formula, and Human Milk in Weanling Rhesus Monkeys (1990)

An adequate supply of calcium is important for normal bone mineralization in infants. Special infant formulas have been developed to treat infants with a high risk of developing allergy. Similar to other diets, it is important that these products are nutritionally adequate. We have measured calcium retention from a new formula based on whey hydrolysate and compared it with conventional formulas, using extrinsic labeling with calcium 47 and the weanling rhesus monkey as an animal model. Retention of calcium was similar for all formulas studied: 45% +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) from whey-hydrolysate, 47% +/- 2% from whey-predominant, and 53% +/- 7% from casein-predominant formula. Calcium retention from human milk, 72% +/- 3%, was significantly higher than from formula. Using these retention values and the calcium concentrations of the diets, infant formula and human milk deliver approximately equal amounts of calcium to the infant.
Mixed-ligand ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as apoptosis inducers in cancer cells, the cellular translocation and the important role of ROS-mediated signaling (2014)

Ruthenium (Ru) polypyridyl complexes have emerged as leading players among the potential metal-based candidates for cancer treatment. However, the roles of cellular translocation in their action mechanisms remain elusive. Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a series of ruthenium (Ru) complexes containing phenanthroline derivatives with varying lipophilicities, and examine their mechanism of anticancer action. Results showed that increasing the lipophilicity of complexes can enhance the rates of cellular uptake. The in vitro anticancer efficacy of these complexes depended on the levels of ROS overproduction, rather than on cellular Ru uptake levels. The introduction of a phenolic group on the ligand effectively enhanced their intracellular ROS generation and anticancer activities. In particular, complex 4, with an ortho-phenolic group on the ligand, exhibited better selectivity between cancer and normal cells in comparison with cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 entered the cancer cells partially through transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis, and then it translocated from lysosomes to the mitochondria, where it activated mitochondrial dysfunction by regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, thus leading to intracellular ROS overproduction. Excess ROS amplified apoptotic signals by activating many downstream pathways such as p53 and MAPK pathways to promote cell apoptosis. Overall, this study provides a drug design strategy for discovery of Ru-based apoptosis inducers, and elucidates the intracellular translocation of these complexes.
Modeling of Take-Over Performance in Highly Automated Vehicle Guidance (2016)

Withdrawing the driving task from automated vehicle guidance at system limits is a key safety and controllability aspect of future highly automated vehicles. Based on a series of driving simulator studies, major factors that influence driver’s performance in take-over scenarios are identified and a validated, quantitative modeling approach for temporal and qualitative aspects of the take-over is proposed.
Reflex testing of lung adenocarcinomas for <i>EGFR </i>and <i>KRAS</i> mutations: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience (2008)

22031 Background: Primary lung adenocarcinoma is preferentially susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Identification of activating mutations in EGFR TK domain is thr best predictor for sensitivity/response to EGFR TKIs. These mutations are not found in association with KRAS mutations. The presence of a KRAS mutation contraindicates EGFR TKI therapy indicating other agents, or investigational therapies. Given the high rate of recurrence of adenocarcinoma, and frequent difficulties/delays in obtaining archival material for molecular testing at recurrence (necessitating in some patients a second procedure), we instituted routine reflex testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations of all resected lung adenocarcinomas. Methods: At the time of gross prosection, a slice of tumor is frozen and retained along with a corresponding section for paraffin embedding and H&E staining. When histology shows adenocarcinoma, frozen tissue and corresponding H&E slide are sent to the molecular diagnostic laboratory for extraction of DNA and identification of EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R mutations by PCR assays. In samples lacking EGFR mutations, KRAS analysis is done by direct sequencing of PCR products. If frozen tissue is unavailable, the paraffin block serves as an alternate source of DNA. A molecular diagnostic report is issued to the clinician before the patient's post-op or oncology visit, and becomes part of the medical record. Results: Reflex testing started in 2006. In a one year period, over 500 lung resections were performed. 297 adenocarcinomas, including wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, bilobectomy, and pneumonectomy were successfully studied. 294 (98%) of cases were studied for both EGFR and KRAS. There were 58 (20%) EGFR mutant cases and 85 (28%) KRAS mutant cases. Interestingly, there were 13 Asian patients with an EGFR mutation rate of 53% and no KRAS mutations; 11 black patients had a 9% EGFR mutation rate and 45% KRAS mutation rate. Conclusions: Mutations in exons 19 and 21 of EGFR and exon 2 of KRAS are common in resected specimens from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Reflex testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations is easily implemented and ensures that key molecular data are available to inform and expedite subsequent treatment decisions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
<i>HLA-B*1301</i> as a Biomarker for Genetic Susceptibility to Hypersensitivity Dermatitis Induced by Trichloroethylene among Workers in China (2007)

The allele HLA-B*1301 is strongly associated with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis among exposed workers and might be used as a biomarker to predict high risk individuals to TCE.
Megasporocyte Callose in Apomictic Buffelgrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, <i>Pennisetum squamulatum</i> Fresen, <i>Tripsacum</i> L., and Weeping Lovegrass (1997)

Callose, a β‐l,3‐glucan, is synthesized and deposited in the walls of megaspore mother cells (MMCs) of angiosperms that produce either normal monosporic (>90% of all angiosperm species) or bisporic embryo sacs. Such deposits are absent in angiosperms that produce tetrasporic embryo sacs and were recently shown to be absent in diplosporous Elymus rectisetus (Nees in Lehm.) A. Löve & Connor, Tripsacum L. spp., and Poa nemoralis L. We determined the extent of callose deposits in MMCs of diplosporous weeping lovegrass ( Eragrostis curvula Schrad.), several additional diplosporous Tripsacum accessions and aposporous buffelgrass ( Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link), Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.), and Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen. Callose deposition was studied in pistils cleared in an aqueous aniline blue clearing medium and observed by means of UV microscopy. Pistils cleared with conventional clearing media were studied by means of interference contrast microscopy. Some pistils were cleared and analyzed in one clearing medium and recleared and reanalyzed in the other. A callosic MMC was observed in only one of 376 appropriately staged pistils taken from diplosporous species. This pistil, one of 89 weeping lovegrass pistils studied, was probably facultatively sexual. An absence of callose during megasporogenesis may be characteristic of most types of diplospory. Though present, the distributions and quantities of callose observed in MMC walls of aposporous apomicts were erratically reduced, possibly as a result of early MMC abortion or early activation of nucellar initials. Callose deficiencies and vacuolization patterns support the following hypotheses: (i) apospory is caused by a moderately precocious gametophytization of nucellar cells, and (ii) bispory, tetraspory, and diplospory are caused by a moderately to extremely precocious gametophytization of the MMC that is nearly complete in the latter case and variably incomplete in the former two cases. Understanding how these precocious gametophytizations evolved and are regulated may be crucial to the eventual transfer of apomixis to major crop species and to its successful manipulation by breeders.
Molecular Modeling of the 3D Structure of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R: Discovery of Novel 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R Agonists via Dynamic Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening (2013)

The serotonin receptor subtype 1A (5-HT(1A)R) has been implicated in several neurological conditions, and potent 5-HT(1A)R agonists have therapeutic potential for the treatment of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, a homology model of 5-HT(1A)R was built based on the latest released high-resolution crystal structure of the β₂AR in its active state (PDB: 3SN6). A dynamic pharmacophore model, which takes the receptor flexibility into account, was constructed, validated, and applied to our dynamic pharmacophore-based virtual screening approach with the aim to identify potential 5-5-HT(1A)R agonists. The obtained hits were subjected to 55-HT(1A)R binding and functional assays, and 10 compounds with medium or high K(i) and EC₅₀ values were identified. Among them, FW01 (K(i) = 51.9 nM, EC₅₀ = 7 nM) was evaluated as the strongest agonist for 5-HT(1A)R. The active 5-HT(1A)R model and dynamic pharmacophore model obtained from this study can be used for future discovery and design of novel 5-HT(1A)R agonists. Also, by integrating all computational and available experimental data, a stepwise 5-HT(1A)R signal transduction model induced by agonist FW01 was proposed.
4205 Integrated Manufacturing Simulation for Design, Planning and Operation (2002)

This paper presents an overview of an integrated manufacturing simulation taking the Supply Chain Management Model (SCM in short) that consists of Head Quarters, a Motor Supplier, a Transportation Network and an Assembly Plant centering on the Motor Supplier model studied and developed by Makino. There naturally exist several distributed simulation systems to be integrated with each other in the SCM. NIST computer scientists developed a neutral architecture and supporting software, and interfaces for integrating distributed simulation so that every participant in the SCM could independently work out each own simulation model. The simulation models described in this paper were developed as part of the international IMS MISSION project.
Synthesis of coenzyme A thioesters using methyl acyl phosphates in an aqueous medium (2014)

Regioselective S-acylation of coenzyme A (CoA) is achieved under aqueous conditions using various aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids activated as their methyl acyl phosphate monoesters. Unlike many hydrophobic activating groups, the anionic methyl acyl phosphate mixed anhydride is more compatible with aqueous solvents, making it useful for conducting acylation reactions in an aqueous medium.
Multiple symbol differential detection of uncoded and trellis coded MPSK (1989)

A differential detection for MPSK, which uses a multiple symbol observation interval, is presented and its performance analyzed and simulated. The technique makes use of maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of the transmitted phases rather than symbol-by-symbol detection as in conventional differential detection. As such the performance of this multiple symbol detection scheme fills the gap between conventional (two-symbol observation) differentially coherent detection of MPSK and ideal coherent of MPSK with differential encoding. The amount of improvement gained over conventional differential detection depends on the number of phases, M, and the number of additional symbol intervals added to the observation. What is particularly interesting is that substantial performance improvement can be obtained for only one or two additional symbol intervals of observation. The analysis and simulation results presented are for uncoded and trellis coded MPSK.
Biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphate minerals on the surface of partially demineralized dentine modified with phosphorylated chitosan (2011)

The aim of this study is to remineralize partially demineralized dentine sections using phosphorylated chitosan (P-chi) based on mimicking the nucleating role of the phosphorylated noncollagenous proteins in the biomineralization of dentine. The surface of partially demineralized dentine sections, mainly composed of type I collagen, were modified by covalent immobilization of P-chi on the collagen surface. The dentine sections were subsequently put into remineralizing solution for remineralization, and then the remineralizing effect was investigated. The remineralization effect of this methodology was compared with that of fluoride. Moreover, the influence of surface properties of samples on remineralizing effect was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the effect of fluoride on remineralization of dentine was limited when residual crystals were lacking on the surface of partially demineralized dentine, whereas the covalent immobilization of P-chi can significantly induce deposition of calcium phosphate minerals on the surface of the partially demineralized dentine. This biomimetic methodology resulted in favorable surface properties (i.e., highly negative charge and low interfacial free energy between substrate and remineralizing medium) for crystal nucleation. Thus, P-chi can facilitate surface remineralization of dentine and thereby could find application in the minimally invasive management of dentine caries and dentine hypersensitivity.
3-Mercaptodihydrocarvone (True Carvone Hydrosulphide) and (1S, 4S, 5S)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-6-thia-1,5-bicyclo-[3,2,1]-octan-3-one (1978)

True carvone hydrosulphide has been prepared and its CD and ORD spectra examined. The spectra of another product from the reaction of carvone and hydrogen sulphide, which is probably a bi-cyclic thiane, have also been recorded.
Comparative observation of protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure. (2006)

The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.
Diffusion-Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We present diffusion-convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), a new model for graph-structured data. Through the introduction of a diffusion-convolution operation, we show how diffusion-based representations can be learned from graph-structured data and used as an effective basis for node classification. DCNNs have several attractive qualities, including a latent representation for graphical data that is invariant under isomorphism, as well as polynomial-time prediction and learning that can be represented as tensor operations and efficiently implemented on a GPU. Through several experiments with real structured datasets, we demonstrate that DCNNs are able to outperform probabilistic relational models and kernel-on-graph methods at relational node classification tasks.
Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and Dichloromethane in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater (1998)

Soil column and serum bottle microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for in situ anaerobic bioremediation of trichloroethy lene (TCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) at the Pinellas site near Largo, Florida. Soil columns with continuous groundwater recycle were used to evaluate treatment with complex nutrients (casamino acids, methanol, lactate, sulfate); benzoate and sulfate; and methanol. The complex nutrients drove microbial dechlorination of TCE to ethene, whereas the benzoate/sulfate and methanol supported microbial dechlorination of TCE only to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE). Microbial sulfate depletion in the benzoate/sulfate column allowed further dechlorination of cDCE to vinyl chloride. Serum bottle microcosms were used to investigate TCE dechlorination and DCM biodegradation in Pinellas soil slurries bioaugmented with liquid from the soil columns possessing TCE-dechlorinating activity and DCM biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms. Bioaugmented soil microcosms showed immediate TCE dechlorination in the microcosms with methanol or complex nutrients, but no dechlorination in the benzoate/sulfate microcosm. DCM biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms occurred in soil microcosms amended with either benzoate/sulfate or methanol, but not with complex nutrients. Bioaugmentation stimulated DCM biodegradation in both complex nutrient and methanol-amended microcosms, but appeared to inhibit DCM biodegradation in benzoate/sulfate-amended microcosms. TCE dechlorination occurred before DCM biodegradation in bioaugmented microcosms when both compounds were present.
Genetic Selection of Low Fertile Onchocerca volvulus by Ivermectin Treatment (2007)

The results indicate that ivermectin is causing genetic selection on O. volvulus. This genetic selection is associated with a lower reproductive rate in the female parasites. We hypothesize that this genetic selection indicates that a population of O. volvulus, which is more tolerant to ivermectin, is being selected. This selection could have implications for the development of ivermectin resistance in O. volvulus and for the ongoing onchocerciasis control programmes.
Experimental analysis regarding the influence of iris segmentation on the recognition rate (2016)

In this study the authors will look at the detection and segmentation of the iris and its influence on the overall performance of the iris‐biometric tool chain. The authors will examine whether the segmentation accuracy, based on conformance with a ground truth, can serve as a predictor for the overall performance of the iris‐biometric tool chain. That is: If the segmentation accuracy is improved will this always improve the overall performance? Furthermore, the authors will systematically evaluate the influence of segmentation parameters, pupillary and limbic boundary and normalisation centre (based on Daugman's rubbersheet model), on the rest of the iris‐biometric tool chain. The authors will investigate if accurately finding these parameters is important and how consistency, that is, extracting the same exact region of the iris during segmenting, influences the overall performance.
Stochastic sensing of biomolecules in a nanopore sensor array (2008)

In this study, we demonstrate that a pattern-recognition stochastic sensor can be constructed by employing an array of protein pores modified with a variety of non-covalent bonding sites as effective sensing elements. The collective responses of each of the individual component nanopores to a compound produce diagnostic patterns characterized by event dwell time, amplitude, and voltage dependence, which can independently or collectively serve as (an) analyte signature(s). With an increase in the dimensionality of the signal, the nanopore sensor array provides enhanced resolution for the differentiation of analytes compared to a single-pore configuration. This allows identification of a target analyte from a mixture or the potential for simultaneous detection. The pattern-recognition nanopore method is envisaged for further development as a miniaturized and automated sensing technique, which could find potential use as a laboratory or clinical tool for routine sensor applications, including environmental monitoring, drug discovery, medical diagnosis, and homeland security.