gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric waveguide based multi-mode sub-THz interconnect channel for high data-rate high bandwidth-density planar chip-to-chip communications (2017)

This paper presents a dielectric waveguide based multi-mode sub-THz interconnect channel for high data-rate high bandwidth-density planar chip-to-chip communications. By using a proposed new transition of microstrip line to dielectric waveguide, the interconnect channel achieves wide bandwidth on two orthogonal modes E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y11</sub> and E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x11</sub> . To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a multi-mode sub-THz interconnect channel. The measured minimum insertion losses for mode E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y11</sub> and mode E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x11</sub> are 8.0 dB with 21.3 GHz 3-dB bandwidth and 9.0 dB with 24.0 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, respectively.
Matching Songs to Events in Image Collections (2009)

This work identifies relevant songs from a user's personal music collection to accompany pictures of an event. The event's pictures are analyzed to extract aggregated semantic concepts in a variety of dimensions, including scene type, geospatial information, and event type, along with user-provided keywords. These semantic concepts are then used to form a search query against a song database based primarily on the song lyrics. Songs are scored using probabilistic techniques to come up with a rank ordered list of candidate songs that could then be used as, e.g., the audio track in a multimedia slide show.
Eight-port multimode interconnectable starcoupler adopting intersected opticalwaveguide circuits (1996)

The Letter reports an eight-port multimode interconnectable star coupler comprising an intersected optical waveguide circuit. The interconnectable star coupler formed on a polymer substrate exhibits an excess loss of 3.5 dB and a return light loss of 38.2 dB.
Laserless trapped-ion quantum simulations without spontaneous scattering using microtrap arrays (2008)

We propose an architecture and methodology for large-scale quantum simulations using hyperfine states of trapped ions in an arbitrary-layout microtrap array with laserless interactions. An ion is trapped at each site, and the electrode structure provides for the application of single and pairwise evolution operators using only locally created microwave and radio-frequency fields. The avoidance of short-lived atomic levels during evolution effectively eliminates errors due to spontaneous scattering; this may allow scaling of quantum simulators based on trapped ions to much larger systems than currently estimated. Such a configuration may also be particularly appropriate for one-way quantum computing with trapped-ion cluster states.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Hybrid Sheets (2012)

The synthesis of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hybrid sheets has been achieved using a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Individual grains of single-layer graphene are grown from methane, and hBN is, then, synthesized from ammonia borane on the same copper (Cu) foil. Optical absorption and Raman measurements reveal that the hBN is formed on the bare surface of Cu foil and the graphene grains play a crucial role as an inactive protective layer of Cu foil for the ammonia borane CVD. Furthermore, the hBN growth is found to be initiated preferentially by the edge of graphene grains.
Comparison of the properties of ribonucleases in human liver tissue and serum. (1992)

Two ribonucleases (RNases) with acidic pH optima were partially purified, one from normal human liver tissue and the other from serum. The properties of the two enzymes were studied and compared. Liver RNase was partially purified about 700-fold by acid fractionation, phosphocellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and polyguanylate affinity column chromatography. Serum RNase was purified about 1200-fold by phosphocellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The two RNases showed a similar optimal pH and molecular mass, and similar behaviour towards metal ions, but they differed in their substrate specificity. Liver RNase displayed a higher activity towards polyuridylate (poly(U)) than towards polycytidylate (poly(C)), while serum RNase hydrolysed poly(C) more rapidly than poly(U). These findings suggest that liver RNase is not the primary source of the serum RNase with an acidic pH optimum.
Both high intratumoral microvessel density determined using CD105 antibody and elevated plasma levels of CD105 in colorectal cancer patients correlate with poor prognosis (2003)

CD105 and its ligand transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) are modulators of angiogenesis, which drives tumour growth and metastasis. Tumour microvessel density (MVD) has proven to be an important determinant of prognosis. In this study, we have examined the prognostic value of MVD identified using Mabs to the pan-endothelial marker CD34 and to CD105 in 111 patients with colorectal cancer. The Mab to CD105 preferentially reacts with angiogenic endothelial cells. Of the 111 patients studied, 38 were alive and 73 had died of the disease. The median MVD values counted using anti-CD34 and anti-CD105 were 5 (range 1.40-9.00) and 3.10 (range 0.90-8.00), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that only MVD values obtained using CD105 Mab correlated with survival. Patients with a high MVD, above the median (3.10), showed the worst prognosis. A similar outcome was observed when MVD was divided into quartiles. In order to ascertain if this strong expression of CD105 in the tumour vasculature is reflected in patients' plasma, circulating levels of CD105, TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 together with the receptor-ligand complexes were quantified in patients with colorectal carcinoma and normal controls. Results showed that except for TGFbeta1, the levels of all other molecules were significantly elevated compared with controls. The levels of CD105 were positively correlated with Dukes' stages. A lower TGFbeta1 level was noted in patients with carcinoma over the controls. Furthermore, TGFbeta3 and CD105/TGFbeta3 complexes were markedly lowered in postoperative compared with preoperative plasma samples. Immunostaining revealed that TGFbeta1 was expressed in cancer cells but TGFbeta3 in the stromal cells, whereas CD105 was exclusively expressed in vascular endothelial cells of tumour blood vessels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MVD quantified using a Mab to CD105 is an independent prognostic parameter for survival of patients with colorectal cancer, and that plasma levels of CD105, TGFbeta1, TGFbeta3 and CD105/TGFbeta complexes may be useful markers for assessing disease progression. These data have led us to propose that quantification of these determinants may prove useful to monitor therapeutic efficacy in patients with colorectal cancer, especially those who are being treated with antiangiogenic therapies.
PHASE COMPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY AFTER HYDROGEN-PLASTIC WORKING (2010)

The influence of combination of thermohydrogen treatment and plastic working of Ti-6Al-4V (VS6 Ru) titanium alloy on its microstructure and phase composition has been investigated
Contact superconductivity in In–PbTe junctions (2010)

We report on electron transport studies on superconductor/semiconductor hybrid structures of indium and n-type PbTe quantum wells embedded between Pb0.92Eu0.08Te barriers. In/PbTe contacts form by spontaneous alloying, which occurs already at room temperature. The alloyed phase penetrates deeply into the semiconductor and forms metallic contacts even in the presence of depletion layers at the semiconductor’s surface. Although the detailed structure of this phase is unknown, we observe that it exhibits a superconducting transition at temperatures below 7 K. This causes such substantial reduction in the contact resistances that they even become comparable to those predicted for ideal superconductor-normal conductor contacts. Our findings suggest that the new superconducting phase is result of Josephson coupling arising between tiny superconducting precipitates randomly distributed in the interface region. In analogy to the granular superconducting systems, the coupling would lead to the occurrence of the global superconductivity only when the Coulomb charging energies of the precipitates are sufficiently small. This condition is exceptionally well fulfilled in PbTe because of a huge static dielectric constant of this material, ε&gt;1000.
Phase 1 dose escalation of ONT-10, a therapeutic MUC1 vaccine, in patients with advanced cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Mucin 1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein normally expressed at low levels on the apical borders of secretory epithelial cells, is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in many cancers. ONT 10 is a therapeutic peptide vaccine incorporating a synthetic glycolipopeptide MUC1 antigen,
A unified subspace classification framework developed for diagnostic system using microwave signal (2013)

Subspace learning is widely used in many signal processing and statistical learning problems where the signal is assumably generated from a low dimensional space. In this paper, we present a unified classifier including several concepts from different subspace techniques, such as PCA, LRC, LDA, GLRT, etc. The objective is to project the original signal (usually of high dimension) into a smaller subspace with 1) within-class data structure preserved and 2) between-class-distance enhanced. A novel classification technique called Maximum Angle Subspace Classifier (MASC) is presented to achieve these purposes. To compensate for the computational complexity and non-convexity of MASC, an approximation is proposed as a trade-off between the classification performance and the computational issue. The approaches are applied to the problem of classifying high dimensional frequency measurements from a microwave based diagnostic system and results are compared with existing methods.
Grounding and ground fault protection of multiple generator installations on medium-voltage industrial and commercial power systems II. Grounding methods (2003)

For pt.I see ibid., p.56-62, 2003. The paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each method of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts. Part II discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications.
Drug treatments in Alzheimer’s disease (2016)

Despite the significant public health issue that it poses, only five medical treatments have been approved for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and these act to control symptoms rather than alter the course of the disease. Studies of potential disease-modifying therapy have generally been undertaken in patients with clinically detectable disease, yet evidence suggests that the pathological changes associated with AD begin several years before this. It is possible that pharmacological therapy may be beneficial in this pre-clinical stage before the neurodegenerative process is established. Techniques providing earlier diagnosis, such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography neuroimaging, are key to testing this theory in clinical trials. Recent results from trials of agents such as aducanumab are encouraging but must also be interpreted with caution. Such medicines could potentially delay the onset of dementia and would therefore markedly reduce its prevalence. However, we currently remain a good distance away from clinically available disease-modifying therapy.
Fluorescent amino acids: advances in protein-extrinsic fluorophores (2008)

Fluorescent labeling is today of paramount importance to biological studies and numerous chemical dyes are used extensively to label biological specimens. This perspective highlights interesting aspects of fluorescent labeling by fluorescent peptides and small organic fluorophores that can be incorporated into proteins by genetic fusion to produce a fluorescent label. While many fluorescence applications rely on the use of intrinsic fluorophores, the development of new extrinsic fluorophores remains an essential element for the design of new fluorescent probes.
Anal cancer: bottom of the pile (2006)

Kelly Driver argues for increasing the awareness of anal cancer among health professionals and extending screening services to those individuals considered to be at higher risk
New sternal puncture needle. (1991)

The needles most commonly used for obtaining bone marrow aspirates from the sternum are the Salah and Klima needles. They were designed in the 1930s, and except for the introduction of different kinds of stops and guards there has been no change in their basic structure and design. These instruments are small, do not fit properly in the operator's hand, and the lack of a T-bar handle often makes them difficult to manoeuvre; their introduction into the sternum by twisting or rotary movement of the hand can be cumbersome. To overcome all of these disadvantages an instrument was designed which is larger, provides better grip, and offers improved maneuverability. The stilette of this aspiration needle has a domed handle which rests snugly in the operator's hand and affords operator comfort, while the specially shaped large T-bar handle at the proximal end of the needle provides adequate and firm grip and also ensures precise control during the sternal puncture procedure.
High-reflectivity two-axis vertical combdrive microscanners for sub-cellular scale confocal imaging applications (2006)

We present 500x700µm metal-coated scanning micromirrors fabricated from bonded SOI-Si wafers with ~90% reflectivity at 633nm. Confocal images with 1 μm resolution were generated using single axis actuation of ±2.5° at 1.87 KHz.
Hypercoagulability -- A New Cofactor in the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway (1994)

Patients with venous thromboembolism can be divided into two groups. The first includes patients with a disease such as cancer, a predisposing factor such as recent surgery, or an acquired abnormality such as the lupus anticoagulant that is known to increase the risk of thrombosis. The mechanisms underlying the hypercoagulable state in this group are poorly understood. The second category consists of patients without the usual risk factors that predispose people to venous thrombosis. In some of these patients it is possible to identify a deficiency of antithrombin III, protein C, or protein S. Family studies have shown that hereditary . . .
Staging of prostate cancer (2011)

Prostatic carcinoma (PCa) is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate staging is critical for prognosis assessment and treatment planning for PCa. Despite the large volume of clinical activity and research, the challenge to define the most appropriate and clinically relevant staging system remains. The pathologically complex and uncertain clinical course of prostate cancer further complicates the design of staging classification and a substaging system suitable for individualized care. This review will focus on recent progress and controversial issues related to prostate cancer staging. The 2010 revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (AJCC/UICC) tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) system is the most widely used staging system at this time. Despite general acceptance of the system as a whole, there is controversy and uncertainty about its application, particularly for T2 subclassification. The three-tiered T2 classification system for organ-confined prostate cancer is superfluous, considering the biology and anatomy of PCa. A tumour size-based substaging system may be considered in the future TNM subclassification of pT2 cancer. Lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, clinical outcomes in patients with positive lymph nodes are variable. Identification of patients at the greatest risk of systemic progression helps in the selection of appropriate therapy. The data suggest that the inherent aggressiveness of metastatic prostate cancer is closely linked to the tumour volume of lymph node metastasis. We recommend that a future TNM staging system should consider subclassification of node-positive cancer on the basis of nodal cancer volume, using the diameter of the largest nodal metastasis and/or the number of positive nodes.
Synthesis of globopentaose using a novel β1,3‐galactosyltransferase activity of the <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> β1,3‐<i>N</i>‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase LgtD (2007)

We have previously described a bacterial system for the conversion of globotriaose (Gb3) into globotetraose (Gb4) by a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Haemophilus influenzae lgtD gene encoding beta1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase [Antoine, T., Bosso, C., Heyraud, A. Samain, E. (2005) Large scale in vivo synthesis of globotriose and globotetraose by high cell density culture of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biochimie 87, 197-203]. Here, we found that LgtD has an additional beta1,3-galactosyltransferase activity which allows our bacterial system to be extended to the synthesis of the carbohydrate portion of globopentaosylceramide (Galbeta-3GalNAcbeta-3Galalpha-4Galbeta-4Glc) which reacts with the monoclonal antibody defining the stage-specific embryonic antigen-3. In vitro assays confirmed that LgtD had both beta1,3-GalT and beta1,3-GalNAcT activities and showed that differences in the affinity for Gb3 and Gb4 explain the specific and exclusive formation of globopentaose.
<i>Vibrio vulnificus rtxA1</i> gene recombination generates toxin variants with altered potency during intestinal infection (2011)

Vibrio vulnificus is a food-borne bacterial pathogen associated with 1% of all food-related deaths, predominantly because of consumption of contaminated seafood. The ability of V. vulnificus to cause disease is linked to the production of a large cytotoxin called the "multifunctional-autoprocessing RTX" (MARTX(Vv)) toxin, a factor shown here to be an important virulence factor by the intragastric route of infection in mice. In this study, we examined genetic variation of the rtxA1 gene that encodes MARTX(Vv) in 40 V. vulnificus Biotype 1 strains and found four distinct variants of rtxA1 that encode toxins with different arrangements of effector domains. We provide evidence that these variants arose by recombination either with rtxA genes carried on plasmids or with the rtxA gene of Vibrio anguillarum. Contrary to expected results, the most common rtxA1 gene variant in clinical-type V. vulnificus encodes a toxin with reduced potency and is distinct from the toxin produced by strains isolated from market oysters. These results indicate that an important virulence factor of V. vulnificus is undergoing significant genetic rearrangement and may be subject to selection for reduced virulence in the environment. This finding would imply further that in the future on-going genetic variation of the MARTX(Vv) toxins could result in the emergence of novel strains with altered virulence in humans.
Meta-Analysis of VTE Risk: Ovarian Cancer Patients by Stage, Histology, Cytoreduction, and Ascites at Diagnosis (2020)

Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) have been a leading secondary cause of death among ovarian cancer patients, prompting multiple studies of risk factors. The objective of this meta-analysis is to quantify the associations between VTE and the most commonly reported risk factors among ovarian cancer patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were used to identify observational studies. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed quality via the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios for VTE with each of the following exposures: advanced cancer stage, clear cell histology, serous histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreduction. The <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> and <i>Q</i> tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Twenty cohort studies with 6,324 total ovarian cancer patients, 769 of whom experienced a VTE, were included. The odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients were higher among patients with cancer stage III/IV (versus cancer stage I/II, pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.73; 95% CI 1.84-4.06; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>= 64%), clear cell (versus nonclear cell) histology (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.55-2.89; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 6%), and ascites (versus no ascites) at diagnosis (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.51-2.96; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 32%). Serous (versus nonserous) histology (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.91-1.75; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 42%) and complete (versus incomplete) cytoreduction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.27-4.11; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 88%) were not associated with VTE. This meta-analysis quantifies the significantly elevated odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients with advanced stage at diagnosis, clear cell histology, and ascites at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to account for confounders and inform clinical decision-making tools.
Simplified depth map intra coding with an optional depth lookup table (2012)

3D Video is a new technology, which requires the transmission of depth data alongside conventional 2D video. The additional depth information allows to synthesize arbitrary viewpoints at the receiver and enables adaptation of the perceived depth impression and driving of multi-view auto-stereoscopic displays. In contrast to natural video signals, depth maps are characterized by piecewise smooth regions bounded by sharp edges along depth discontinuities. Conventional video coding methods tend to introduce ringing artifacts along these depth discontinuities, which lead to visually disturbing geometric distortions in the view synthesis process. Therefore, preserving the described signal characteristics of depth maps is a crucial requirement for new depth coding algorithms. In this paper a novel simplified intra-coding mode is presented, which works as an alternative coding path to the conventional transform-based intra coding scheme. The proposed intra coding mode yields up to 1.3% BD-rate savings in terms of total bitrate, including texture bitrate. An optional Depth Lookup Table can further increase the bitrate reduction to 2.1%.