gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro antibacterial activity of LY333328, a new semisynthetic glycopeptide (1997)

LY333328 is a semisynthetic N-alkyl derivative of LY264826, a naturally occurring structural analog of vancomycin. LY333328 was evaluated for its in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activities in comparison with those of the two currently available glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin). Glycopeptide-susceptible test strains included a total of 311 isolates (most of clinical origin) from the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Aerococcus, Gemella, Lactococcus, Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Clostridium. Test strains resistant or intermediate to vancomycin and/or teicoplanin included 56 clinical isolates of Enterococcus (of the VanA, VanB, and VanC phenotypes) and 32 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus), 31 strains of gram-positive genera outside the spectrum of activity of vancomycin (Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and Erysipelothrix), and laboratory-derived organisms obtained after exposure of susceptible Staphylococcus isolates to teicoplanin (6 strains) or laboratory-derived organisms with resistance determinants received from VanA enterococci (2 Enterococcus and 25 Listeria transconjugants). LY333328 was highly active against staphylococci, enterococci, and listeriae (whether they were clinical or laboratory-derived strains) resistant to the currently available glycopeptides. In particular, the MICs of LY333328 did not vary substantially between teicoplanin-susceptible and teicoplanin-resistant staphylococci and between vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. LY333328 demonstrated fairly good inhibitory activity even against most strains of Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Erysipelothrix (MIC range, 1 to 8 microg/ml), whereas it proved less active (although much more active than vancomycin or teicoplanin) against Lactobacillus strains. In minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill studies, LY333328 demonstrated excellent bactericidal activity; enterococci, in particular, which were largely tolerant of vancomycin and teicoplanin, were uniformly killed by LY333328, with MBC-to-MIC ratios of 4 to 8 for most vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant strains. In attempts to select for resistant clones, no survivors stably growing in the presence of 10 microg of LY333328 per ml were obtained from the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus test strains exposed to the drug.
Reactions of triphenylphosphine with .alpha.-halobenzyl phenyl ketones and with d-mesyloxybenzyl phenyl ketone (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of triphenylphosphine with .alpha.-halobenzyl phenyl ketones and with d-mesyloxybenzyl phenyl ketoneIrving J. Borowitz, Paul E. Rusek, and Rein VirkhausCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 6, 1595–1600Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01258a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01258a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Considerations in dynamic time warping algorithms for discrete word recognition (1978)

The technique of dynamic time warping for time registration of a reference and test utterance has found widespread use in the area of discrete word recognition. As originally proposed, the algorithm placed strong constraints on the possible set of dynamic paths—namely, it was assumed that the initial and final frames of both the test and reference utterances were in exact time synchrony. Because of inherent practical difficulties with satisfying the assumptions under which the above constraints are valid, we have considered some modifications to the dynamic time-warping algorithm. In particular an algorithm in which an uncertainty exists in the registration both for initial and final frames was studied. Another modification constrains the dynamic path to follow (within a given range) the path which is locally minimum at each frame. This modification tends to work well when the location of the final frame of the test utterance is significantly in error due to breath noise, etc. To test the different time warping algorithms a set of 10 isolated words spoken by 100 speakers was used. Several different comparisons between the algorithms were made and will be described in the talk.
The CNS microvascular pericyte: pericyte-astrocyte crosstalk in the regulation of tissue survival (2011)

The French scientist Charles Benjamin Rouget identified the pericyte nearly 140 years ago. Since that time the role of the pericyte in vascular function has been difficult to elucidate. It was not until the development of techniques to isolate and culture pericytes that scientists have begun to understand the true impact of this unique cell in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In the brain the pericyte is an integral cellular component of the blood-brain barrier and, together with other cells of the neurovascular unit (endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons) the pericyte makes fine-tuned regulatory adjustments and adaptations to promote tissue survival. These regulatory changes involve trans-cellular communication networks between cells. In this review we consider evidence for cell-to-cell crosstalk between pericytes and astrocytes during development and in adult brain.
The Role of the NP in the Diagnosis and Management of Erectile Dysfunction (2000)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 30 million men, significantly affecting their quality of life and relationships. More and more men are seeking help for this problem due to the advent of simpler, less-invasive treatment options. Inevitably, nurse practitioners (NPs) in primary care will encounter patients with ED. The assessment and diagnosis of ED can be facilitated by using a structured decision-making approach, which will promote comprehensive patient care. Some primary care NPs may need to increase their own comfort level with taking a sexual history, evaluating sexual problems, and knowing when to refer to a specialist.
Ranking with ordered weighted pairwise classification (2009)

In ranking with the pairwise classification approach, the loss associated to a predicted ranked list is the mean of the pairwise classification losses. This loss is inadequate for tasks like information retrieval where we prefer ranked lists with high precision on the top of the list. We propose to optimize a larger class of loss functions for ranking, based on an ordered weighted average (OWA) (Yager, 1988) of the classification losses. Convex OWA aggregation operators range from the max to the mean depending on their weights, and can be used to focus on the top ranked elements as they give more weight to the largest losses. When aggregating hinge losses, the optimization problem is similar to the SVM for interdependent output spaces. Moreover, we show that OWA aggregates of margin-based classification losses have good generalization properties. Experiments on the Letor 3.0 benchmark dataset for information retrieval validate our approach.
Novel oxysterols have pro‐osteogenic and anti‐adipogenic effects in vitro and induce spinal fusion in vivo (2011)

Stimulation of bone formation by osteoinductive materials is of great clinical importance in spinal fusion surgery, repair of bone fractures, and in the treatment of osteoporosis. We previously reported that specific naturally occurring oxysterols including 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20S) induce the osteogenic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells, while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation. Here we report the characterization of two structural analogues of 20S, Oxy34 and Oxy49, which induce the osteogenic and inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) through activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Treatment of M2-10B4 MSC with Oxy34 or Oxy49 induced the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers Runx2, Osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN), as well as ALP enzymatic activity and robust mineralization. Treatment with oxysterols together with PPARγ activator, troglitazone (Tro), inhibited mRNA expression for adipogenic genes PPARγ, LPL, and aP2, and inhibited the formation of adipocytes. Efficacy of Oxy34 and Oxy49 in stimulating bone formation in vivo was assessed using the posterolateral intertransverse process rat spinal fusion model. Rats receiving collagen implants with Oxy 34 or Oxy49 showed comparable osteogenic efficacy to BMP2/collagen implants as measured by radiography, MicroCT, and manual inspection. Histological analysis showed trabecular and cortical bone formation by oxysterols and rhBMP2 within the fusion mass, with robust adipogenesis in BMP2-induced bone and significantly less adipocytes in oxysterol-induced bone. These data suggest that Oxy34 and Oxy49 are effective novel osteoinductive molecules and may be suitable candidates for further development and use in orthopedic indications requiring local bone formation.
Philosophy of Science in Anthropology (1984)

Infrastructures are material forms that allow for the possibility of exchange over space. They are the physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power, people, and finance are trafficked. In this article I trace the range of anthropological ...Read More
Unusual mechanism of hypotensive activity exerted by erytrho-1-(1-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-OH-ET-a1-4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone (R 28935). (1975)

In the dog, erythro-1-[2-(1,4benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-OH-ET]-4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone (R 28935) lowers the blood pressure for several hours at dosages of 80 mug/kg when injected intravenously, of 10 mug/kg when injected into the vertebral artery and of 1.25 mug/kg when injected suboccipitally. No alpha- or beta-receptor blocking activity can be elicited at these doses. The carotid occlusion reflex is markedly reduced by low doses of R 28935 (40 to 80 mug/kg i.v.), whereas the pressor response elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus remains unimpaired. The hypotensive effect of R 28935 is not antagonized by piperoxan, desmethylimipramine or nalorphine. This lowering of the blood pressure is associated with a decrease of the peripheral vascular resistance and with a slight tendency towards bradycardia. It is concluded that R 28935 is a potent blood pressure lowering drug, acting on the brain stem, presumably in the pontomedullary region--although the drug has no alpha-sympathomimetic activity.
The voltage drop across the pre-sheath of a plane probe (1970)

The voltage drop across the pre-sheath which surrounds a Langmuir probe is affected by ion flow. The sheath criterion is used to calculate the voltage as a function of the radial position of a plane probe in a low-pressure positive column.
Family Configuration in Relation to the Sexual Behavior of Female Adolescents (1989)

Several recent studies have reported that aspects of family configuration including both sibling constellation and parents marital status are related to adolescent sexual intercourse experience. However these findings often have been based on relatively small community or regional samples and the analyses sometimes have not included adequate controls. The present study based on a national probability sample of 15-to-19-year-old women replicates only one of the earlier results. Teenage young women who have been raised by a single parent are more likely to have nonmarital sexual intercourse than young women from intact marriages. However this effect is diminished by controlling for age and race social class and religion. When all of these variables are entered first in a regression equation the effect of parents marital status on daughters sexual status is greatly reduced but remains marginally significant. Sibling constellation effects reported in some earlier studies are not evident in these data. (Authors)
Heat treatment of aluminum coating electrodeposited on ferritic stainless steel at room temperature molten salts (2009)

The dense,uniform aluminum coating electrodeposited on 1Cr17 ferritic stainless steel in acid AlCl_3-EMIC(2∶1) room temperature molten salts was heated at 300℃,650℃,670℃ for different time.The adhesion strength of the coating was qualitatively estimated by score-tearing test.The interface between coating and substrate was analyzed by EDS,SEM and XRD.The results show that the adhesion strength of the coating to substrate is greatly improved after heat treatment,and metallurgical interface layer composed of Fe_2Al_5,FeAl,Fe_3Al phases containing Cr is forms by interdiffusion of elements between the aluminum coating and substrate.With the increase of temperature and time of heat treatment,Fe_2Al_5 phase in the interface layer transforms into FeAl,Fe_3Al phases with high iron content and high toughness.
IL-1 produced and released endogenously within human islets inhibits beta cell function. (1998)

Resident macrophages have been suggested to participate in the initiation of beta cell damage during the development of autoimmune diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if the endogenous production and release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human islets of Langerhans by resident macrophages results in the inhibition of beta cell function. Treatment of human islets with a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide production, and inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) prevents TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced iNOS expression and nitrite production, and attenuates the inhibitory effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by human islets. Inhibition of iNOS activity by aminoguanidine also attenuates TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma are mediated by nitric oxide, produced by the actions of IL-1 released endogenously within human islets. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm that TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma stimulates the expression of both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in human islets. Two forms of evidence indicate that resident macrophages are the human islet cellular source of IL-1: culture conditions that deplete islet lymphoid cells prevent TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced iNOS expression, nitric oxide production, and IL-1 mRNA expression by human islets; and IL-1 and the macrophage surface marker CD69 colocalize in human islets treated with TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Lastly, nitric oxide production is not required for TNF + LPS + IFN-gamma-induced IL-1 release in human islets. However, cellular damage stimulates IL-1 release by islet macrophages. These findings support the hypothesis that activated islet macrophages may mediate beta cell damage during the development of insulin-dependent diabetes by releasing IL-1 in human islets followed by cytokine-induced iNOS expression by beta cells.
On the Enhancements of a Sparse Matrix Information Retrieval Approach. (2000)

Single family study.
‘Crazy English’ and individual English learners : an integrationist critique of English education as a business in China (2017)

As the country with the largest population learning English as a second language, China undoubtedly holds much interest for researchers in the fi eld of English education and other related areas. Historically, discussions of English in China were intimately related to pivotal refl ections concerning political and cultural policies, especially in the early twentieth century, which have shaped the development of China in the past century. What characterises these policies is the tension between appropriating English and guarding against its capacity to bring about social and cultural transformation. In consequence, as many researchers have noted, the roles and status of the English language represent a barometer of the nation’s modernization (Pye 1985, Ross 1992, Feng 2011).
Slip casting and sintering of high purity alumina. (1988)

Slip casting method for submicron high purity alumina was developed by optimizing the concentration of slip and dispersant, and using resin mold as a substitute for plaster and apparatus with vacuum⋅pressure system. The results obtained were summarized follows:1) High density green body (>60%) was obtained.2) High strength alumina (700-800MPa) was obtained after sintering the body at 1250-1300°C. This value is equal to that of alumina sintered under HIP and HP at 1500-1600°C.3) This high strength comes from uniformally controlled small grain size(1-3μm) of sintered body which results in grain fracturing instead of grain boundary fracturing of conventional alumina ceramics.
Area and volume measurements of objects with irregular shapes using multiple silhouettes (2006)

Surface area and volume measurements provide important information for agriculture and food-processing applications. A machine vision system that uses a nondestructive method to measure volume and surface area of objects with irregular shapes is presented in this paper. The system first takes a series of silhouettes of the object from different directions by rotating the object at a fixed angular interval. The boundary points of each image are then extracted to construct a silhouette. A three-dimensional wire-frame model of the object can be reconstructed by integrating silhouettes obtained from different view angles. Surface area and volume can then be measured by means of surface fitting and approximation on the wire-frame model. System calibration and surface approximation were two major challenges for the design of this machine vision system. A unique centerline calibration method is introduced in this paper. Surface approximation and calculation are also discussed. Examples of applications in agriculture and food processing using this vision system for surface area measurement are included, and its accuracy is verified.
Neuro-hormonal control of food intake: basic mechanisms and clinical implications. (2005)

Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases and the greatest threats of the health because of possibility of numerous complications. In order to design effective drugs or apply the helpful surgical procedure it is essential to understand physiology of appetite control and pathophysiology of obesity. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy input in the form of food, equals energy expenditure through exercise, basal metabolism, thermogenesis and fat biosynthesis. The control of body weight actually concerns the control of adipose tissue with the key role of hypothalamus, possessing several neuronal centers such as that in lateral hypothalamic nuclei considered to be "hunger" center and in ventromedial nuclei serving as the "satiety" center. In addition, paraventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei (ARC) are the sites where multiple hormones, released from the gut and adipose tissue, converge to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. There are two distinct types of neurons in ARC that are important in control of food intake; (1) preopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons activated by an orexigenic hormones and releasing alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in satiety center and (2) neurons activated by orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin that release the substances including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) in hunger center. ARC integrates neural (mostly vagal) and humoral inputs such as enteropeptides including orexigenic (ghrelin and orexins) and an orexigenic peptides (cholecystokinin, polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, leptin and others) that exert a physiological role in regulating appetite and satiety. The peripherally (gut, adipose tissue) and centrally expressed modulators of appetitive behavior act through specific receptors in the afferent (mostly vagal) nerves and hypothalamic neurons implicated in adiposity signaling and regulation of food intake.
A semiactive vibration absorber (SAVA) for automotive suspensions (2002)

The paper reports the development of a practical and effective technique for the automatic regulation of a hydraulic semiactive vibration absorber (SAVA) for automobiles. The work relies on a consistent hydraulic model of the actuator dynamics that includes the effects of fluid compressibility and a (nonlinear) viscous loss characteristic. A bistate control algorithm is developed using a Lyapunov approach. The performance of the proposed control design was established experimentally on a vibrating test stand. The work provides evidence that the inexpensive hardware design makes it possible to improve the ride and handling performance.
Aerobic excretion of 1,2-propanediol by Salmonella typhimurium (1988)

Salmonella typhimurium excreted the rhamnose fermentation product 1,2-propanediol not only under anaerobic conditions, but also under aerobic conditions. The absence of an aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatic activity that oxidizes to lactate the lactaldehyde formed in the dissimilation of rhamnose raised the intracellular concentration of the aldehyde which was alternatively reduced to the excretable 1,2-propanediol by a residual propanediol oxidoreductase activity.
Diaphragm Fuel Injection System (DFI) for Stratified-Charging of Small Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Proper fuel supply system is the crux to realize the stratified scavenging for small type of two-stroke gasoline engine. A simple and effective diaphragm fuel injection system (DFI) is developed in the paper, which mainly consists of diaphragm pump and injector, the DFI utilizes the crankcase pressure which reflects the inlet flow rate to meter and inject fuel.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As low short-circuit at low load operation, stratified scavenging seems not necessary, so the conventional carburetor is preserved to function at low load. This makes the whole fuel system simple and effective.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes the operation principle of the DFI, and results of test on a 30cm<sup>3</sup> modified engine are also presented, including the performance of fuel supply and contrast of complex engine performance with the original carbureted engine.</div>