gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimising Reservoir Management With Improved Time-Lapse Processing on 10 Acquisition Vintages Over the Foinaven-Schiehallion-Loyal Fields (2015)

Abstract The Foinaven-Schiehallion-Loyal area, located west of Shetlands on the UK Continental Shelf, has provided significant oil production for BP (operator) and its partners Shell (Schiehallion/Loyal), Marathon (Foinaven/East Foinaven), OMV (Schiehallion) and Faroe Petroleum (East Foinaven). 4D seismic has been successfully used in this region for infill drilling and reservoir management decision-making since the late 1990s. With a new 4D monitor survey acquired approximately every two years, the total number of vintages now stands at 10. The very earliest monitor surveys were acquired without 4D specification, but all later acquisitions were designed for 4D. The latest monitor survey from 2013 incorporates broadband acquisition technology and can serve as a baseline for future acquisitions. This paper shows how recent improvements in seismic time-lapse processing enhance the quality of the 4D seismic compared to the previous processing between 2008 and 2011 (Campbell et al., 2011): The 4D background noise is reduced, giving us a better stand-out of the 4D signal. Importantly, legacy data acquired before the advent of dedicated 4D acquisitions can also be significantly improved with new processing methods. A combination of incremental changes to the 4D processing sequence, new 4D algorithms such as 4D demultiple, and careful QC and developments from the continuous technology collaboration gives us increased confidence in the 4D interpretation and satisfies the needs of the reservoir management team.
A Steiner-Based Secure Multicast Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (2010)

Using multicast technology can significantly reduce energy consumption and prolong the life time of nodes in query-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing multicast protocols for WSNs mainly focus on covering multicast-scope zone effectively, and assume secure communication between all nodes. In order to satisfy security requirements and control of energy consumption, we present Steiner-based Hierarchical Secure Multicast Routing Protocol (SHSMRP) for wireless sensor network. The resulting protocol combines the idea of Steiner tree and cluster network topology, which is scalable and energy-efficient for large group communications in WSN. Furthermore, the proposed protocol adopts secure communication mechanism to ensure the data integrity, security and verifiability. And through simulation experiments, it is verified that the proposed protocol's performance in aspect of energy consumption have reached the mainstream of non-secure multicast routing protocol for WSNs.
Kirk effect limitations in high voltage IC's (2002)

The voltage handling capability of Resurf LDMOS and of junction isolated islands in HV IC's is observed to decrease at high current density. This is attributed to the Kirk effect.
High-Yield Synthesis of Functionalized Alkoxyamine Initiators and Approach to Well-Controlled Block Copolymers Using Them (1999)

Reaction of ethylbenzene, 4-bromo-, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-, and 4-methoxyethylbenzenes with di-tert-butyl diperoxyoxalate at 35 °C in the presence of stable nitroxide radicals gave alkoxyamines in 50−91% yields. Lithiation of the 4-bromophenylalkoxyamine and subsequent treatment with DMF gave 4-formylphenylalkoxyamine in 95% yield, and the reduction of the 4-formylphenylalkoxyamine with NaBH4 yielded 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylalkoxyamine in 89% yield. Anionic polymerization of butadiene (BD) with sec-BuLi and subsequent termination with 4-formylphenylalkoxyamine gave an end-functionalized poly(butadiene) [poly(BD)]. “Living” radical polymerization of styrene (St) initiated by the functionalized poly(BD) at 120 °C gave a poly(BD)-block-poly(St) with a Mw/Mn of 1.30. Anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) with 4-lithiophenylalkoxyamine gave poly(D3) with an alkoxyamine moiety at a polymer end. “Living” radical polymerization of St initiated by the functionalized poly(D3) gave poly(D3)-block-poly(St) with Mw/Mn's of 1.73−1.80.
Preservation Programming in Major Research Libraries (1987)

Preservation of library materials in the general collections of major research libraries is a pressing concern today. In order to discover the status of preservation programming in major libraries, a questionnaire was sent to all ARL library directors. The results of the survey produced valuable information concerning brittle books and about general and national preservation programming. Based on the results of the survey, the author recommends that a national set of standards for preservation programming be established and that a journal devoted to general collection preservation be created.
Periosteal neochondrogenesis for biologically resurfacing joints: its cellular origin. (1989)

The purpose of this study was to determine if the hyaline-like cartilage produced in major full-thickness defects of a joint surface, treated by a free periosteal graft and subjected to continuous passive motion (CPM), originated exclusively from the progenitor cells of the cambium of the graft. Free periosteal grafts were raised from the tibia of both hind legs of eight male New Zealand rabbits and transplanted into full-thickness defects across the entire width of the patellar groove of 15 female rabbits. Postoperatively, CPM was instituted and the animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks. Cells from the regenerated tissue were grown from tissue explants and their karyotypes determined. In 33% of the rabbits, all cells contained a Y (male) chromosome, indicating that regenerated tissue originated exclusively from the progenitor cell of the periosteal graft. Karyotypes of the cells from the other 67% were mosaics (both female and male); thus, their cellular origin was from both the periosteal allograft and the pluripotential mesenchymal cells in the subchondral tissues.
Role of scavenger receptor MARCO in macrophage responses to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (2006)

The macrophage Class A scavenger receptor MARCO (macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure) functions as a pattern-recognition receptor for bacterial components, but its role in responses to CpG oligonucleotide sequences (CpG-ODN) in microbial DNA has not been characterized. Phosphorothioate (PS)-linked CpG-ODN stimulated IL-12 and NO production in wild-type but not in MARCO-deficient, thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. MARCO and the related class A receptor SR-A belong to a redundant system of receptors for PS ODNs. The ability of MARCO to bind CpG-ODNs and conversely, to costimulate IL-12 and NO production upon specific ligation with immobilized mAb is consistent with MARCO being a signaling receptor for CpG-ODNs, costimulating TLR9-mediated NO and IL-12 production in macrophages. In contrast to MARCO, SR-A is likely to mediate negative regulation of macrophage responses to CpG-ODNs. In particular, increased affinity toward SR-A may contribute to decreased potency of oligo G-modified CpG-ODNs in stimulating IL-12 production. The results suggest that differential involvement of activating and inhibitory membrane receptors, such as SR-A and MARCO, may underlie profound differences observed in biological activities of different ODN sequences.
Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor (FHR) for Power and Process Heat (2015)

In 2011 the U.S. Department of Energy through its Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) awarded a 3- year integrated research project (IRP) to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and its partners at the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) and the University of Wisconsin at Madison (UW). The IRP included Westinghouse Electric Company and an advisory panel chaired by Regis Matzie that provided advice as the project progressed. The first sentence of the proposal stated the goals: The objective of this Integrated Research Project (IRP) is to develop a path forward to a commercially viable salt-cooled solid-fuel high-temperature reactor with superior economic, safety, waste, nonproliferation, and physical security characteristics compared to light-water reactors. This report summarizes major results of this research.
The effect of user's geographical distribution on the utilization of radio spectrum (1990)

Cochannel and adjacent-channel interferences play a major role in determining the utilization level of the radio spectrum. It is shown that the geographical distribution of a station's location in a given area can adversely affect the spectrum availability. When the variance of a station's locations is small, the spectrum appears to be more congested, which reduces the possibility of finding interference-free frequencies for new systems. This apparent congestion can be looked at as a virtual shrinkage of available spectrum resources. A model is developed that can be used to calculate the true level of spectrum utilization in a given area. The model takes into account the geographical distribution of radio systems and quantifies the relation between the variance of a system's locations and the amount of assignable spectrum. The validity of the model is verified by numerical examples and by data collected in three major Canadian cities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of an octamer-binding site in the human kappa light-chain enhancer. (1990)

Octamer motifs contribute to the function and tissue specificity of immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain gene promoters and the heavy-chain enhancer. A variant octamer-binding site within a conserved region of the human kappa light-chain gene enhancer which contributes to the function of this enhancer has been identified.
LiveShift: Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming with Distributed Time-Shifting (2008)

The increasing assortment of devices with IP connectivity contributes to the high popularity of video sharing over the Internet. High traffic generated by such applications at the source can be better distributed using a peer-to-peer overlay, since every user forwards information to other users. Current implementations target either live or on demand video streaming. LiveShift is an application that combines both approaches. While video is transmitted through the peer-to-peer network in a live fashion, all peers participate in a distributed storage. This adds ability to replay time-shifted streams from other peers in a distributed and scalable manner. For the demonstration, a decentralized network is used, with peers running on EMANICSLab nodes and notebook computers.
The role of charge in polyamine analog recognition (1995)

A series of analogues and homologues of N1,N12-diethylspermine (DESPM) was synthesized, and their biological properties were evaluated. These tetraamines include a simple linear analogue of DESPM, N1,N12-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)spermine (FDESPM), the cyclic analogues of DESPM, N,N'-bis(4-piperidinylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane [PIP(4,4,4)] and N,N'-bis[2-(4-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane [PIP(5,4,5)], and their aromatic counterparts, N,N'-bis-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane [PYR(4,4,4)] and N,N'-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane [PYR(5,4,5)]. The analogues FDESPM, PIP(4,4,4), and PYR(4,4,4) have distances between their nitrogen atoms almost identical to those of DESPM. The longer analogues PIP(5,4,5) and PYR(5,4,5) are very similar in the spacing of their amino groups. However, the pKa of the nitrogens in the groups differ; thus, the extent of protonation and the charge characteristics among the members of the groups differ. A comparison of the biological properties of these compounds clearly demonstrates that the tetraamines must be charged to be "recognized" by the cell. Analogues with low nitrogen pKa's such that the nitrogens are poorly protonated at physiological pH do not compete well with spermidine for uptake and, as expected, have high 96 h IC50 values and have little effect on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activities and on intracellular polyamine pools.
An Optical Micro-Fluidic Viscometer (1998)

Abstract A new method for measuring viscosity relative to a reference fluid and applicable to a continuous process micro-fluidic device is presented. The measurement is based on the volume flow rate ratio and interface location between two co-flowing streams in a micro-fabricated T-channel and utilizes the inversion of a closed-form solution for the velocity distribution in a rectangular channel. Neither absolute flow rates or pressure differences are required. Since optical detection is the basis for the measurement, the method lends itself to the measurement of intrinsic viscosity, which requires measurement of both absolute viscosity and concentration. Experimental verification of the method yielded measurements of absolute viscosity within two percent of standard methods for dilute aqueous dextran suspensions.
Src Family Protein-tyrosine Kinases Alter the Function of PTEN to Regulate Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Cascades (2003)

Src family protein-tyrosine kinases, which play an important role in signal integration, have been implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple lineages, including breast cancer. We demonstrate, herein, that Src kinases regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade via altering the function of the PTEN tumor suppressor. Overexpression of activated Src protein-tyrosine kinases in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells does not alter AKT phosphorylation, an indicator of signal transduction through the PI3K pathway. However, in the presence of functional PTEN, Src reverses the activity of PTEN, resulting in an increase in AKT phosphorylation. Activated Src reduces the ability of PTEN to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositols in micelles and promotes AKT translocation to cellular plasma membranes but does not alter PTEN activity toward water-soluble phosphatidylinositols. Thus, Src may alter the capacity of the PTEN C2 domain to bind cellular membranes rather than directly interfering with PTEN enzymatic activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN is increased in breast cancer cells treated with pervanadate, suggesting that PTEN contains sites for tyrosine phosphorylation. Src kinase inhibitors markedly decreased pervanadate-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN. Further, expression of activated Src results in marked tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN. SHP-1, a SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, selectively binds and dephosphorylates PTEN in Src transfected cells. Both Src inhibitors and SHP-1 overexpression reverse Src-induced loss of PTEN function. Coexpression of PTEN with activated Src reduces the stability of PTEN. Taken together, the data indicate that activated Src inhibits PTEN function leading to alterations in signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Deposition of Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel on Nickel Foam as a Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrode (2013)

We reported a new type of graphene aerogel-nickel foam (GA@NF) hybrid material prepared through a facile two-step approach and explored its energy storage application as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode. By simple freeze-drying and the subsequent thermal annealing of graphene oxide hydrogel-NF hybrid precursor, three-dimensional graphene aerogels with high mass, hierarchical porosity, and high conductivity were deposited on a NF framework. The resulting binder-free GA@NF electrode exhibited satisfactory double-layer capacitive behavior with high rate capability, good electrochemical cyclic stability, and a high specific capacitance of 366 F g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1). The versatility of this approach was further verified by the successful preparation of 3D graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid aerogel-NF as a supercapacitor electrode, also with improved electrochemical performance. With advantageous features, such a facile and versatile fabrication technique shows great promise in the preparation of various types of carbon-metal hybrid electrodes.
Critical care medicine in the United States: What we know, what we do not, and where we go from here* (2009)

From the University of California San Francisco; Critical Care Medicine; San Francisco, CA The author has not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Development of an Implantable Artificial Lung: Challenges and Progress (2001)

Unlike dialysis, which functions as a bridge to renal transplantation, or a ventricular assist device, which serves as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, no suitable bridge to lung transplantation exists. Our goal is to design and build an ambulatory artificial lung that can be perfused entirely by the right ventricle and completely support the metabolic O2 and CO2 requirements of an adult. Such a device could realize a substantial clinical impact as a bridge to lung transplantation, as a support device immediately post-lung transplant, and as a rescue and/or supplement to mechanical ventilation during the treatment of severe respiratory failure. Research on the artificial lung has focused on the design, mode of attachment to the pulmonary circulation, and intracorporeal versus paracorporeal placement of the device.
Coherence Therapy Does Not Prevent Axial Bone Loss in Osteoporotic Women: A Preliminary Comparative Study (1988)

Coherence therapy, also known as ADFR (activate, depress, free, repeat) therapy, has been proposed as a new form of treatment for osteoporosis. We compared the effects of this therapy with those of gonadal steroid and calcium and of calcium alone in 93 osteoporotic women. Thirty women were treated for 1 yr with ADFR, in the form of K-phosphate (1.5 g/day), for 3 days followed by etidronate, (400 mg/day) for 14 days, followed by 8 weeks of neither drug, plus continuous calcium carbonate therapy (1 g/day). Thirty-six women received conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) for 25 days/month plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg/day) for 10 days/month and calcium, while 27 women received calcium carbonate (500 mg, twice daily). Sixteen women in the ADFR group, 15 in the calcium group, and 19 in the hormone-calcium group completed 2 yrs of treatment. Spinal bone mineral density was measured by single energy quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) and in the proximal and distal radius by single energy photon absorptiometry. The 3 groups were similar in age, initial bone mass, years since menopause, and dietary calcium intake. After 2 yrs, the mean women in the ADFR therapy group had a mean reduction of 8.0% in spinal QCT (P less than 0.05), and no change in proximal radius mineral content/bone width (BMC), and distal radius BMC. The group treated with calcium only had a decrease of 3.8% in QCT (P less than 0.05), of 5.6% in proximal BMC (P less than 0.05), and of 4.9% in distal BMC (P less than 0.05). The group treated with hormonal replacement and calcium had no change in any of their measurements. The relative bone loss in the spine at the end of the study was greater in the ADFR group than in the hormone-calcium group (P less than 0.05). Bone loss in the calcium group was slightly but not significantly greater than that in the hormone group and lower than that in the ADFR group. In conclusion, these preliminary results indicate that the ADFR regimen using phosphate and etidronate in doses of 1.5 g/day for 3 days and 400 mg/day for 14 days, respectively, is not as effective as hormonal replacement in preventing trabecular bone loss in osteoporosis, nor it is any more effective than calcium supplementation alone.
A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment (2015)

SCs most frequently result in tachycardia, agitation and nausea. These symptoms typically resolve with symptomatic care, including intravenous fluids, benzodiazepines and anti-emetics, and may not require inpatient care. Severe adverse events (stroke, seizure, myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, AKI, psychosis and hyperemesis) and associated deaths manifest less commonly. Precise estimates of their incidence are difficult to calculate due to the lack of widely available, rapid laboratory confirmation, the variety of SC compounds and the unknown number of exposed individuals. Long-term consequences of SCs use are currently unknown.
Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of self-injection of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in Senegal: a prospective cohort study (2017)

These first research results on contraceptive self-injection in West Africa indicate initial feasibility and acceptability of the practice. Results underscore the importance of designing self-injection programs that empower and support women, including those with limited education.
Potential Therapeutic Role of Histatin Derivative P‐113<scp>d</scp>in Experimental Rat Models of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Sepsis (2004)

These results provide evidence for double antiendotoxin and antimicrobial activity for P-113d and point to its potential use for the treatment of severe infections.
Colocalization of l-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase for Metabolic Channeling in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis (2004)

Metabolic channeling has been proposed to occur at the entry point into plant phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. To determine whether isoforms of L-Phe ammonia-lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the pathway, can associate with the next enzyme, the endomembrane-bound cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), to facilitate channeling, we generated transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants independently expressing epitope-tagged versions of two PAL isoforms (PAL1 and PAL2) and C4H. Subcellular fractionation and protein gel blot analysis using epitope- and PAL isoform-specific antibodies indicated both microsomal and cytosolic locations of PAL1 but only cytosolic localization of PAL2. However, both PAL isoforms were microsomally localized in plants overexpressing C4H. These results, which suggest that C4H itself may organize the complex for membrane association of PAL, were confirmed using PAL-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with localization by confocal microscopy. Coexpression of unlabeled PAL1 with PAL2-GFP resulted in a shift of fluorescence localization from endomembranes to cytosol in C4H overexpressing plants, whereas coexpression of unlabeled PAL2 with PAL1-GFP did not affect PAL1-GFP localization, indicating that PAL1 has a higher affinity for its membrane localization site than does PAL2. Dual-labeling immunofluorescence and fluorescence energy resonance transfer (FRET) studies confirmed colocalization of PAL and C4H. However, FRET analysis with acceptor photobleaching suggested that the colocalization was not tight.
A low voltage floating resistor having positive and negative resistance values (2003)

In this paper, we propose a low voltage-floating resistor having both positive and negative resistance values. The circuit uses only two transistors between the supply voltages, which enables the circuit to operate at low supply voltages. The gate terminal is used in this circuit for the current addition/subtraction at input/output terminals of the floating resistor. As a result, it is possible to make the current flow even if power supply voltage is reduced. The characteristic of the proposed circuit is verified using HSPICE for the power supply /spl plusmn/1.5 V.