gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On some homogenization problems in perforated domains with nonlinear boundary conditions (1997)

In a perforated domain with ∊-periodic structure we consider a linear second order elliptic equation with repidly oscillating ∊ coefficients, where ∊is a small positive parameter. Zero Dirichlet conditions are prescribed on the outer portion of the boundary.On the surface of the perforation the conormal derivative is expressed through the unknown function by a nonlinear relation involving the small paremeter ∊ According to the typeof this relation and its dependence on ∊ various types of homogenized problems are obtained,together with estimates which charaterize the convergence of solutions and their gradients as In particular, we consider some nonlioner boundary conditions on the perforation which result in the homogenized problem that can only be expressed in terms of a variational inequelity. As an application,we establish a homogenization theorem for a problem of Signorini type in a perforated domain.
Novel Packet Size-Based Covert Channel Attacks against Anonymizer (2012)

In this paper, we present a study on the anonymity of Anonymizer, a well-known commercial anonymous communication system. We discovered the architecture of Anonymizer and found that the size of web packets in the Anonymizer network can be very dynamic at the client. Motivated by this finding, we investigated a class of novel packet size-based covert channel attacks against Anonymizer. The attacker between a website and the Anonymizer server can manipulate the web packet size and embed secret signal symbols into the target traffic. An accomplice at the user side can sniff the traffic and recognize the secret signal. In this way, the anonymity provided by Anonymizer is compromised. We developed intelligent and robust algorithms to cope with the packet size distortion incurred by Anonymizer and Internet. We developed techniques to make the attack harder to detect: 1) We pick up right packets of web objects to manipulate to preserve the regularity of the TCP packet size dynamics, which can be measured by the Hurst parameter; 2) We adopt the Monte Carlo sampling technique to preserve the distribution of the web packet size despite manipulation. We have implemented the attack over Anonymizer and conducted extensive analytical and experimental evaluations. It is observed that the attack is highly efficient and requires only tens of packets to compromise the anonymous web surfing via Anonymizer. The experimental results are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
<title>X-Ray Tube Performance Characteristics And Their Effect On Radiologic Image Quality</title> (1978)

The paper is a two part discussion of: (1) indices which characterize focal spot (F.S.) performance, and (2) the usefulness of these indices for a future F.S. standard. - (1) The two primary parameters of an x-ray source are source geometry (intensity distribution) and maximum source strength (loadability). Source geometry is often summarized by a number called "size", and loadability by a kw-number. We define as an overall F.S. Performance Factor p the ratio of two "size" indices: (a) a "loadability size" we and (b) a "Resolv-ing (imaging performance) size" B (e.g. "RMS equivalent focal spot"). Both describe the given F.S. in terms of a uniform square F.S.; for (a) having same loadability, for (b) having same systems related imaging performance, as the given F.S. - (2) The present F.S. standard specifies two size parameters: geometrical F.S. extent F, and "effective" F.S. size Feq derived from resolution patterns. Both parameters are in general not a measure of either loadability (we) or imaging performance (B). It is suggested to base a future standard on a rigorous criterion. Since rigorous data are difficult to obtain at present, approximate methods for compliance verification must be allowed; e.g. by utilizing the classical methods of resolution, pinhole and slit camera in a meaningful way.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in low-loss single-mode Te-rich chalcogenide fiber (2019)

A single-mode Te-rich chalcogenide (ChG) fiber for mid-infrared has been fabricated via an isolated extrusion method. The optical loss of the fiber is 3-4 dB/m in a range of 6.5-10.5 µm. Mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) generations were experimentally investigated in the step-index single-mode fiber with femtosecond laser pulse from an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). By pumping 17 cm-long fiber at 5 µm and 8 µm, the spectra spanning from 1.8 to 15 µm and 2.3 to 14.5 µm, respectively, were observed. The results show that the efficiency of SC generation is highest by pumping at near zero dispersion wavelength in single-mode fiber. It reveals that the superiority of single-mode fiber in SC generation over multimode is the elimination of high-order modes (HOMs) interaction. Besides, a repeat SC experiment was carried out for fiber stability test after half a year.
Temperature- and Component-Dependent Degradation of Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials under Concentrated Sunlight (2014)

We report on accelerated degradation testing of MAPbX3 films (X = I or Br) by exposure to concentrated sunlight of 100 suns and show that the evolution of light absorption and the corresponding structural modifications are dependent on the type of halide ion and the exposure temperature. One hour of such exposure provides a photon dose equivalent to that of one sun exposure for 100 hours. The degradation in absorption of MAPbI3 films after exposure to 100 suns for 60 min at elevated sample temperature (∼45-55 °C), due to decomposition of the hybrid perovskite material, is documented. No degradation was observed after exposure to the same sunlight concentration but at a lower sample temperature (∼25 °C). No photobleaching or decomposition of MAPbBr3 films was observed after exposure to similar stress conditions (light intensity, dose, and temperatures). Our results indicate that the degradation is highly dependent on the hybrid perovskite composition and can be light- and thermally enhanced.
Concerted Rotation in a Tertiary Aromatic Amide: Towards a Simple Molecular Gear (1998)

At least 90% of the rotations about the Ar–CO bond in amide 1 are concerted with rotation about the C–N bond. As a result, 1 demonstrates features of a simple molecular gear.
Distortion-Based Slice Level Prioritization for Real-Time Video over QoS-Enabled Wireless Networks (2012)

This paper presents a prioritization scheme based on an analysis of the impact on objective video quality when dropping individual slices from coded video streams. It is shown that giving higher-priority classified packets preference in accessing the wireless media results in considerable quality gain (up to 3 dB in tests) over the case when no prioritization is applied. The proposed scheme is demonstrated for an IEEE 802.11e quality-of-service- (QoS-) enabled wireless LAN. Though more complex prioritization systems are possible, the proposed scheme is crafted for mobile interactive or user-to-user video services and is simply implemented within the Main or the Baseline profiles of an H.264 codec.
Les chansons de Paris : une première approche lexicologique (1998)

L’idée de constituer un corpus des chansons de Paris m’est venue avec la réflexion engagée sur les rapports entre l’histoire sociale et l’histoire des représentations dans le cadre du séminaire "le peuple de Paris". Tout simplement d’abord parce que la chanson est d’évidence un art populaire. En France, tout passe par des chansons disait déjà Rousseau... C’est un art qui a aussi la particularité d’être partagé autant par l’auteur, l’interprète que par le public, qui chante lui aussi les chans...
Integrated-optic spectrum analyzer(Invited Paper) (1979)

This paper describes the integrated-optic implementation of a Bragg spectrum analyzer that employs the interaction between a coherent optical guided wave and a surface acoustic wave to determine the power spectral density of the input. The integrated-optic spectrum analyzer (IOSA) consists of an injection laser diode, a thin-film optical waveguide, waveguide lenses, a surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) transducer, and a linear detector array with CCD readout. Design principles are given for selecting component parameters such as optical beam width, detector cell size, lens aperture and focal length, and acoustic transducer design so as to obtain specific RF resolution, spurious level, and signal-to-noise ratio. Design parameters are presented for a 750-1250-MHz spectrum analyzer with a resolution of 4 MHz and a 40-dB dynamic range. Also described in the paper is the development of the state-of-the-art component technology for the spectrum analyzer.
REVIEW: Learning Communities In Online Education (2008)

This book makes a contribution to the field of distance education by presenting key perspectives on the state of the field and examining and discussing specific current trends and issues faced by the distance learning community. To this end, the book brings together Quarterly Review of Distance Education’s most respected authors and other internationally known experts in the field of distance education to provide insight into a wide array of themes revolving around current work on communities of learning in distance education. A volume in the series: Perspectives in Instructional Technology and Distance Education. Series Editor(s): Charles Schlosser, Nova Southeastern University and Michael Simonson, Nova Southeastern University.
The Influence of Ga–OH Bond at Initial GaN Surface on the Electrical Characteristics of SiO<sub>2</sub>/GaN Interface (2019)

Herein, the influence of the Ga–OH bond at the GaN surface on the electrical characteristics of the SiO 2 /GaN metal‐oxide semiconductor structure is investigated. The GaN surface is modified by three different surface treatments (O 2 annealing, wet annealing, and ultraviolet [UV]/O 3 treatment). The Ga–OH bond is evaluated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and characterized by capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements and a positive bias stress test. Increasing the ratio of Ga–OH bonds at the SiO 2 /GaN interface decreases the net fixed charge at the SiO 2 /GaN interface in the CV measurements and increases the voltage shift in the stress test. Therefore, the Ga–OH bond at the SiO 2 /GaN interface develops a negative charge and behaves as an electron trap. The undesirable influence of the Ga–OH‐related traps is reduced by low‐temperature annealing.
On the capacity of some channels with channel state information (1999)

We study the capacity of some channels whose conditional output probability distribution depends on a state process independent of the channel input and where channel state information (CSI) signals are available both at the transmitter (CSIT) and at the receiver (CSIR). When the channel state and the CSI signals are jointly independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.), the channel reduces to a case studied by Shannon (1958). In this case, we show that when the CSIT is a deterministic function of the CSIR, optimal coding is particularly simple. When the state process has memory, we provide a general capacity formula and we give some more restrictive conditions under which the capacity has still a simple single-letter characterization, allowing simple optimal coding. Finally, we turn to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with fading and we provide a generalization of some results about capacity with CSI for this channel. In particular, we show that variable-rate coding (or multiplexing of several codebooks) is not needed to achieve capacity and, even when the CSIT is not perfect, the capacity achieving power allocation is of the waferfilling type.
Application of Trusted Network Connect (TNC) Architecture (2005)

TNC(Trusted Network Connect)has being developed by over sixty member corporations of TCG.TNC is based on the concept of integrity and authentication.Authentication ensures that only authorization users can access system.TNC architecture provides the open architecture for collect and exchange entity integrity data in variable network environments.This paper introduces the TNC architecture,the relationship of TNC and network standards and equipments, and studies how to apply TNC architecture in present network environments.
Structure of germ line immunoglobulin alpha heavy-chain RNA and its location on polysomes. (1990)

We describe the structure of the major germ line RNA transcribed from unrearranged immunoglobulin alpha heavy-chain genes in immunoglobulin M-expressing cells of the I.29 mu B-cell lymphoma, a cell line capable of switching to immunoglobulin A expression upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. This germ line alpha RNA has a small open reading frame that does not include the C alpha domain, and this RNA appears to be present on polysomes in I.29 mu cells.
Isolation and purification of a major allergen from <i>Parietaria officinalis</i> pollen (1987)

A major allergen of Parietaria officinalis, a species responsible for a large number of respiratory allergies in Mediterranean areas, has been identified and characterized. This allergen (Pol) was found in the fraction which precipitates between 70 and 100% ammonium sulphate saturation. Pol showed a molecular weight of 15,000 daltons as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The pI of Pol was in the pH region 4-6, IEF showing four major bands. Two major bands were shown by CIE, CRIE and immunoblotting; major contaminants or aggregates were also revealed by the latter technique and by HPLC. Pol showed an allergic specific activity 2 times higher than the crude extract; moreover it was shown to be a major allergen since it inhibited 29 out of 30 sera from allergic patients sensitive to P. officinalis.
Genetic circularity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome. (1981)

Genetic circularity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome was demonstrated by a series of two- and three-factor crosses and double-selection experiments with Cma plasmids FP2, FP5, FP110, and R68.45. A range of additional markers, including catabolic markers, were located on the chromosome map. Plasmid FP2, known to have a major origin of chromosome transfer (0 min) was shown to have at least one other minor origin from which it can transfer the chromosome in the direction opposite to that found for the major origin.
Estimation of the relative stiffness of the molecular chain in polyelectrolytes from measurements of viscosity at different ionic strengths (1971)

Abstract A method was developed that allowed comparison of the stiffness of the chain in different polyelectrolyte from measurements of the intrinsic viscosity at different concentrations of added monovalent (sodium) salt. The response to salt was quantitatively expressed as the slope of straight lines relating the intrinsic viscosity to the reciprocal of the square‐root of the ionic strength. This slope increased considerably with increasing molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte, and could serve to characterize the response to salt of different substances only when comparison was made at a constant molecular weight. An empirical parameter, B , which is the slope corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0 at an ionic strength of 0.1 M could be correlated to the unperturbed dimensions of the molecules. A method of extrapolation, enabling the determination of B from measurements of viscosity on only one sample of unknown molecular weight, was evaluated. The empirically found correlation between B and some well established parameters of stiffness did not contrast predictions from the “fuzzy‐sphere model” of Fixman, provided that reasonable assumptions regarding ion‐binding and the interaction between polymer and solvent were made.
The full scale prototype of the cylindrical-GEM detector as inner tracker in KLOE2 (2007)

We are developing a low mass, fully cylindrical and dead-zone-free GEM detector as inner tracker for the KLOE experiment upgrade at the DAFNE Phi-factory. The proposed detector will play a crucial role in the study of the K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> rare decays and in the measurement of the neutral kaon interferometry. The main physics requirements are: a good detector spatial resolutions, (sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rPhi</sub> sime 200 mum and sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</sub> sime 500 mum) and a very low material budget inside the active area (1.5% of X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> for the whole sub-detector). The inner tracker will be composed by live layers of cylindrical triple-GEM detectors (C-GEM), covering the space from the beam pipe to the inner cylinder of the KLOE main drift chamber (from 150 mm to 250 mm radius). Each C-GEM is realized inserting one into the other the required live cylindrical structures made of thin (50 mum) polyimide foils: the cathode, the three GEMs and the anode readout. The final result is a very light detector: only 0.2% of X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> per tracking layer inside the active area. After the successful construction and test of a small size prototype (90 mm diameter, 250 mm length), a full scale prototype (300 mm diameter, 352 mm length) of the first layer of the inner tracker has been designed in all details, namely mechanics, readout and front-end electronics, exploiting many of the technical solutions we studied and implemented for the planar GEMs of the LHCb experiment, adapted for the cylindrical geometry. We report about the design, the construction and some preliminary test of such a large prototype that opens the way for a new and competitive category of ultra-light micro-pattern gas vertex detectors.
Protocadherin 10 suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer and its genetic loss predicts adverse prognosis (2014)

Protocadherin 10 (PCDH10), a novel tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, is located in a common deleted region at chromosome 4q28 in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to ascertain the genetic loss of PCDH10 and its clinical relevance in CRC and to explore the tumor suppressor function of PCDH10. The genetic deletion of PCDH10 was determined in 171 pairs of primary tumors and corresponding normal mucosae by loss of heterozygosity study. In total, 53 carcinomas were positive for allelic loss of PCDH10. The genetic aberration was significantly associated with tumor progression and distant metastasis (p = 0.021 and p = 0.018, respectively) and was an independent predictor of poor survival for CRC patients (p = 0.005). Expression of PCDH10 gene was silenced or markedly down-regulated in all of 12 CRC cell lines tested and in 41 of 53 colorectal carcinomas compared with their matched normal mucosae. Ectopic expression of PCDH10 suppressed cancer cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion in vitro. Subcutaneous injection of PCDH10-expressing CRC cells into SCID mice revealed the reduction of tumor growth compared with that observed in mock-inoculated mice. Furthermore, through intrasplenic implantation, the re-expression of PCDH10 in silenced cells restrained liver metastasis and improved survival in SCID mice. In conclusion, PCDH10 is a pivotal tumor suppressor in CRC, and the loss of its function promotes not only tumor progression but also liver metastasis. In addition, the genetic deletion of PCDH10 represents an adverse prognostic marker for the survival of patients with CRC.
Identification of cis-acting sequences in the promoter of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts required for activation by nerve growth factor and sodium butyrate in PC12 cells (1996)

In the absence of detectable viral proteins, expression of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) is likely regulated by cellular factors during latent infection of neurons with herpes simplex virus type 1. The amounts and activation states of these factors may in turn be regulated by extracellular regulatory factors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have recently demonstrated that LAT expression is significantly enhanced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and sodium butyrate (NaB) in neurally derived PC12 cells. With the ultimate goal of identifying trans-acting cellular factors involved in regulating LAT expression during latency, we have attempted to identify the cis-acting elements to which these putative cellular factors bind by characterizing the LAT promoter and a series of 5' promoter deletion mutants in PC12 cells following treatment with the LAT-enhancing agents NGF and NaB. Transient expression assays demonstrated that distinct cis-acting sequences mediate basal and induced LAT promoter expression. Basal activity in PC12 cells is mediated by two elements: a negative regulatory element between -435 and -270 and a positive element between -240 and -204. The positive element contains binding sites for the transactivator Sp-1, whereas the negative element bears some resemblance to known neuron-specific silencer elements. In contrast to basal expression, maximum induction of the LAT promoter by NGF and NaB requires sequences between -159 and -81. Using gel mobility shift assays, we have identified three sets of protein-DNA complexes that bind to this 78-bp region and shown by competition analysis that binding is specific. The abundance and mobility of these complexes were altered by treatment with NGF or NaB. The nucleotide sequences to which these complexes bind were fine mapped by competition analysis with oligonucleotide probes containing substitution mutations. The target sequences identified exhibit no homology to binding sites of known transcription factors. These regions were critical for complex formation in vitro and for maximum induction of the LAT promoter by NGF and NaB in transient expression assays. The protein complexes that form with target sequences likely participate in the regulation of LAT expression in response to physiological stimuli in neurons in vivo.
Performance evaluation of cryogenic counter-flow heat exchangers with longitudinal conduction, heat in-leak and property variations (2017)

Counter-flow plate-fin heat exchangers are commonly utilized in cryogenic applications due to their high effectiveness and compact size. For cryogenic heat exchangers in helium liquefaction/refrigeration systems, conventional design theory is no longer applicable and they are usually sensitive to longitudinal heat conduction, heat in-leak from surroundings and variable fluid properties. Governing equations based on distributed parameter method are developed to evaluate performance deterioration caused by these effects. The numerical model could also be applied in many other recuperators with different structures and, hence, available experimental data are used to validate it. For a specific case of the multi-stream heat exchanger in the EAST helium refrigerator, quantitative effects of these heat losses are further discussed, in comparison with design results obtained by the common commercial software. The numerical model could be useful to evaluate and rate the heat exchanger performance under the actual cryogenic environment.