gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Serine Proteases by Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoids (2000)

The lupane triterpenoid lupeol, the ursane triterpenoid alpha-amyrin and esters of these compounds are present in the bark of roots of Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) and have anti-inflammatory properties. alpha-Amyrin is a competitive inhibitor of bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin (Ki values 29 microM and 18 microM, respectively). Lupeol linoleate, lupeol palmitate and alpha-amyrin linoleate are non-competitive inhibitors of trypsin (Ki values 7 microM, 10 microM and 16 microM, respectively). alpha-Amyrin linoleate is also a non-competitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin (Ki value 28 microM). Lupeol is a competitive inhibitor of both trypsin and chymotrypsin (Ki values 22 and 8 microM, respectively). alpha-Amyrin palmitate is a potent non-competitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin (Ki 6 microM). Lupeol, alpha-amyrin and the palmitic and linoleic acid esters of these compounds are ineffective or very weak as inhibitors of porcine pancreatic elastase and of Lucilia cuprina and Helicoverpa punctigera leucine aminopeptidases. These hydrophobic triterpenoids represent further examples of anti-inflammatory triterpenoids that are PKA inhibitors as well as being selective protease inhibitors.
Effects of very low growth rates on GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures (1983)

Molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs is conventionally performed at growth rates of ∼1 μm/h. For growth rates in this range, donor-doped films grown at substrate temperatures below 500 °C have low carrier concentrations and high resistivities. We have grown Si-doped films with good electrical properties at substrate temperatures of 380 and 450 °C by reducing the growth rates to ∼0.02 and 0.2 μm/h, respectively. We believe that the improvement can be attributed to a reduction in the concentration of crystal defects, which occurs because the Ga and As atoms adsorbed on the substrate surface have sufficient time to reach appropriate lattice sites before they are incorporated into the growing film.
Multiway sequential hypothesis testing for tachyarrhythmia discrimination (1994)

A multiway sequential hypothesis testing (M-SHT) algorithm is proposed for simultaneous discrimination of cardiac tachyarrhythmias--supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT)--from normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The M-SHT algorithm calculates a likelihood function from atrio-ventricular delay measurements, and compares this function with thresholds derived from specified error probabilities for the arrhythmias to be discriminated. Performance of this algorithm was evaluated on dual channel endocardial electrograms recorded in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory. Two databases were developed, one for development of the algorithm and another for evaluation. The M-SHT algorithm accurately classified 26 out of 28 NSR (2 misclassified as SVT), 31 out of 31 cases of SVT, and 41 out of 43 VT (2 misclassified as NSR). The average length of time taken for classification of the three rhythms was: 3.6 s for NSR, 5.0 s for SVT, and 1.6 s for VT. Unique features of this algorithm are that acceptable error rates for each arrhythmia are independently specified and accuracy can be traded off for a faster detection time, and vice versa.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Cystic Fibrosis: Relationships with Airway and Lung Vascular Impairments. (2009)

A reduction of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) fraction and endothelial-mediated dysfunction have been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF). The aims of the present study were to search for relationships between flow-independent NO exchange parameters (bronchial NO flux (J'(aw,NO)) and alveolar NO concentration (C(A,NO))) and lung function tests characterising airflow limitation and pulmonary vascular bed (capillary blood volume and physiological dead space/tidal volume (V(D)/V(T)) ratio on exercise). In total, 34 patients (16 children, 18 adults) with CF, without resting pulmonary hypertension, underwent spirometry, exhaled NO measurement (multiple constant flow analytical method), gas transfer assessment (carbon monoxide and NO, allowing the calculation of capillary volume and membrane conductance) and a graded exercise test with oxygen uptake (V'(O(2))), carbon dioxide production (V'(CO(2))) and arterial blood gas evaluations. Both J'(aw,NO) and C(A,NO )correlated positively with airflow limitation. C(A,NO) correlated positively with capillary/alveolar volume. During exercise, criteria of mild pulmonary vascular disease were evidenced in some patients that participated in exercise limitation (negative correlation between physiological V(D)/V(T) and peak V'(O(2))). C(A,NO )at rest correlated positively with these parameters of wasted ventilation during exercise (physiological V(D)/V(T), minute ventilation (V'(E))/V'(CO(2)) at ventilatory threshold and V'(E)/V'(CO(2)) slope). Flow-independent exhaled NO parameters are linked to airway and early vascular diseases in patients with CF.
Capability analysis of distributed switching systems in interprocessor communications (2002)

Recently developed switching systems all use distributed control to some extent. Among the advantages claimed for distributed control are higher reliability, flexibility, and increased traffic capability. An analysis is made of the traffic capability of a fully distributed switching system, taking into account the overhead of interprocessor communication. The author considers a clocked event interprocessor messaging scheme (e.g. polling) in a two layer architecture, and shows that there is a given configuration for which the capability reaches a maximum; as more processors are added, the increased overhead actually results in a decrease in traffic capability. An analysis is also made of an improved interprocessor communication scheme in which the capability of the distributed architecture can in principle be increased by appropriately adding processors. Extensions to this basic model are presented along with suggestions for future work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Parallel Neuromorphic Text Recognition System and Its Implementation on a Heterogeneous High-Performance Computing Cluster (2012)

Given the recent progress in the evolution of high-performance computing (HPC) technologies, the research in computational intelligence has entered a new era. In this paper, we present an HPC-based context-aware intelligent text recognition system (ITRS) that serves as the physical layer of machine reading. A parallel computing architecture is adopted that incorporates the HPC technologies with advances in neuromorphic computing models. The algorithm learns from what has been read and, based on the obtained knowledge, it forms anticipations of the word and sentence level context. The information processing flow of the ITRS imitates the function of the neocortex system. It incorporates large number of simple pattern detection modules with advanced information association layer to achieve perception and recognition. Such architecture provides robust performance to images with large noise. The implemented ITRS software is able to process about 16 to 20 scanned pages per second on the 500 trillion floating point operations per second (TFLOPS) Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Information Directorate (RI) Condor HPC after performance optimization.
Recombinant T cell replacing factor (interleukin 5) acts with antigen to promote the growth and differentiation of single hapten-specific B lymphocytes. (1987)

The role of murine recombinant T cell replacing factor (rTRF) (interleukin 5) in the early activation, proliferation, and antibody-forming cell (AFC) clone formation of single fluorescein (FLU)-specific B cells was examined in vitro. FLU-specific B cells were selected by their adherence to FLU-gelatin and then cultured in 10-microliters wells with or without rTRF in the presence or absence of the T-independent antigen FLU-polymerized flagellin (FLU-POL). rTRF acting alone was unable to induce early B cell activation as assessed by significant cell enlargement after 24 hr in culture. When acting in the presence of FLU-POL, however, a greater number of B cells were induced to enlarge than with FLU-POL alone. When FLU-specific B cells were cultured in the presence of FLU-POL, the addition of rTRF markedly increased the frequencies of both proliferating clones and AFC clones above that induced by FLU-POL alone. Furthermore, in the presence of FLU-POL, the activity of rTRF was comparable to that seen with the mixture of B cell growth and differentiation factors contained within the supernatant from concanavalin A-stimulated EL4 cells. However, rTRF exerted little activity when acting alone in contrast to the medium conditioned by concanavalin A-stimulated EL4 cells which showed some activity in the absence of FLU-POL. rTRF acting with FLU-POL also promoted AFC clone development among single B cells stimulated in the presence of 3T3 fibroblast filler cells. Thus rTRF can be added to the list of B cell active factors (including recombinant murine interleukin 1 and recombinant human interleukin 2) that act in the concomitant presence of antigen to induce both growth and differentiation among single hapten-specific murine splenic B cells. This stands in contrast to the activity seen with interleukin 4 (formerly termed B cell stimulatory factor 1) which acts to promote early activation and proliferation but not IgM secretion.
STUDIES ON THE TOXICOLOGY OF ACRYLONITRILE (1965)

It was found that the toxicity of acrylonitrile was due not only to the hydrogen cyanide liberated from it but to acrylonitrile itself. A small amount of hydrogen cyanide appeared in the blood of animals after a single injection of acrylonitrile. Although when sodium thiosulfate was injected before the acrylonitrile there was a great reduction in the hydrogen cyanide concentration in the blood and a lessening of symptoms, animals were not protected effectively from poisoning. In contrast, L-cysteine greatly reduced both the acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide concentration in the blood and protected the animals from poisoning. L-Cysteine formed an addition compounds with acrylonitrile in the test tube. This compound caused neither acute nor delayed symptoms when injected into animals. About 15% of the acrylonitrile given was excreted unchanged in the expired air and urine and another 15% was excreted in the urine as thiocyanate. The fate of about two-thirds of the acrylonitrile given is not yet clear. Acrylonitrile had an inhibitory effect on K+-stimulated respiration of brain cortex slices at 10-3M, whereas it had little effect on respiration of the liver at the same concentration. Acrylonitrile was judged to have a strong anesthetic effect on peripheral nerves when its effect was compared with those of various anesthetics and organic solvents. Sulfhydrile (SH) and disulfide (S-S) compounds had good therapeutic effect on acute acrylonitrile poisoning in animals, especially in rabbits which received these compounds intravenously.
Exact, Parallelizable Dynamic Time Warping Alignment with Linear Memory (2020)

Audio alignment is a fundamental preprocessing step in many MIR pipelines. For two audio clips with M and N frames, respectively, the most popular approach, dynamic time warping (DTW), has O(MN) requirements in both memory and computation, which is prohibitive for frame-level alignments at reasonable rates. To address this, a variety of memory efficient algorithms exist to approximate the optimal alignment under the DTW cost. To our knowledge, however, no exact algorithms exist that are guaranteed to break the quadratic memory barrier. In this work, we present a divide and conquer algorithm that computes the exact globally optimal DTW alignment using O(M+N) memory. Its runtime is still O(MN), trading off memory for a 2x increase in computation. However, the algorithm can be parallelized up to a factor of min(M, N) with the same memory constraints, so it can still run more efficiently than the textbook version with an adequate GPU. We use our algorithm to compute exact alignments on a collection of orchestral music, which we use as ground truth to benchmark the alignment accuracy of several popular approximate alignment schemes at scales that were not previously possible.
TGF-β1 antisense therapy modulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases in keloid-derived fibroblasts (2008)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been identified as an important regulator of wound healing. Recent developments in molecular therapy offer exciting prospects for the modulation of wound healing, specifically those targeting TGF-beta1. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of TGF-beta1 targeting on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts cultured from earlobe keloids. The expression of MMP-2 and -9 in tissue samples from keloids was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of TGF-beta1 targeting using antisense oligonucleotides on the expression of MMPs in keloid-derived fibroblasts was analysed by ELISA and multiplex RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated an increased expression of MMP protein in tissue samples from keloids compared to normal human skin. Antisense TGF-beta1 oligonucleotide treatment significantly downregulated MMP-9 secretion in vitro. In conclusion, TGF-beta1 antisense oligonucleotide technology may be a potential therapeutic option for the inhibition of proteolytic tissue destruction in keloids.
DSP implementation of arbitrary sampling frequency conversion for high quality sound application (1991)

A revision of the Ramstad hybrid structure which uses the B-spline function as analog resampler is presented. The effectiveness of the method is shown implementing a real-time conversion between the standard frequencies of digital audio using a single-chip solution. It is demonstrated that the B-spline functions give higher performances together with a reduced computational complexity. To achieve the required attenuation of 100 dB in the stop band, a B-spline of order six is used in place of a Lagrange polynomial of order nine, which needs about 50% of the multiplications and additions when the fast computation strategy suggested is used. The hybrid structure has been implemented on the Motorola 56001 digital signal processor (DSP).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linking warehouse complexity to warehouse planning and control structure (2002)

Abstract Warehousing is becoming more and more a critical activity in the supply chain to outperform competitors on customer service, lead times, and costs. However, if warehousing is to be a source of competitive advantage, then the implementation of a warehouse management information system (WMS) is a necessary condition to achieve efficiently the high performance of warehousing operations required in today's marketplace. A major practical question is then whether a given warehouse should implement a standard or a tailor‐made WMS. A standard WMS offers many advantages; it is a proven solution, it is less costly, the implementation lead time is shorter, and the after‐sales service is better. On the other hand, a standard WMS remains largely making compromises between the way a warehouse wants to work and the way the system allows the warehouse to work. In certain environments, such compromises might seriously degrade warehouse performance, in which case it then seems better to implement a tailor‐made WMS. To answer the above question, we conducted an exploratory field study of warehouses with recently implemented WMSs to first understand the empirical reality and then build up a theory linking the constructs warehouse complexity and warehouse planning and control structure. Warehouse complexity refers to the number and variety of items to be handled, the degree of their interaction, and the number, nature, i.e. technologies used, and variety of processes, determined among others by the warehouse's position in the logistic chain and the nature of its market. Warehouse planning and control structure refers to the management functions that plan, direct, coordinate and control the flow of goods through the warehouse, from the time of receiving to the time of shipping. It is strongly related to the WMS in use. We found that the number of orderlines to be processed per day and the number of stock‐keeping units are the two main observable aspects of warehouse complexity; that the more complex the warehouse is, the more tailor‐made the planning and control structure should be; that for simple warehouses a standardized planning and control structure suffices; and that the design of a new‐to‐build warehouse should be carried out in close concert with the design of the warehouse planning and control structure.
Continuous cultivation of recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Existence of an optimum dilution rate for maximum plasmid and gene product concentration (1986)

Growth yield factors, plasmid stability, cellular plasmid content, and cloned gene product activity for Escherichia coli HB101 containing plasmid pDM246 were measured at several dilution rates in continuous culture. Cell mass yield per mass of glucose consumed declined with increasing dilution rate. There was no evidence of plasmid segregational instability in any experiments, none of which employed selective medium. Plasmid content per cell varied with population-specific growth rate as observed in earlier batch experiments with the same strain. Plasmid content declined with increasing specific growth rate following indication of a maximum number of plasmids per cell at specific growth rates of ca. 0.3 h(-1). Cloned gene product (beta-lactamase) activity exhibited a sharp maximum with respect to dilution rate in continuous culture. Qualitatively different results were observed in previous experiments in batch cultivation in which specific growth rate changes were effected by altering medium composition.
CD-like centrifugal microfluidic device for organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) sensing (2017)

A centrifugal microfluidic device (CMD) is demonstrated for organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) sensing. CMD is designed as a CD-like to have a sequential sample injection with capillary valves controlled by centrifugal force, i.e. rotational speed (rpm). OPP in CMD could be successfully derived into a mixer at 570 rpm and then spined into a detection reservoir at 2000 rpm. The experiment results indicated that limit of detection (LD) for OPP is 0.01 ppm. A linear relationship between OPP logarithmic concentration (ppm) and inhibition rate is 0.9215.
A middleware approach for combining heterogeneous data sources - integration of generic query and predefined function access (2002)

With the emergence of so-called application systems which encapsulate databases and their applications, pure data integration using, for example, a federated database system is not possible anymore. Instead, access via predefined functions is the only way to get data from an application system. As a result, the combination of generic query as well as predefined function access is needed in order to integrate heterogeneous data sources. The authors focus on a middleware approach supporting this novel and extended kind of integration. Starting with the overall architecture, we explain the functionality and cooperation of its core components: a federated database system (FDBS) and a workflow management system (WfMS). Afterwards, we concentrate on the key problems of function integration by discussing query execution planning, precedence control of function execution, and parameter handling. In this context, we develop a lightweight description language based on XML for the global-to-local mapping of functions. In addition, we consider some important aspects of the execution model, focusing on the interaction of the FDBS and the WfMS as well as the support of distributed transactions.
A New Deep Learning Model for Fault Diagnosis with Good Anti-Noise and Domain Adaptation Ability on Raw Vibration Signal (2017)

Intelligent fault diagnosis techniques have replaced the time-consuming and unreliable human analysis, increasing the efficiency of fault diagnosis. Deep learning model can improve the accuracy of intelligent fault diagnosis with the help of its multilayer nonlinear mapping ability. This paper has proposed a novel method named Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Wide First-layer Kernels (WDCNN). The proposed method uses raw vibration signals as input (data augmentation is used to generate more inputs), and uses the wide kernels in first convolutional layer for extracting feature and suppressing high frequency noise. Small convolutional kernels in the preceding layers are used for multilayer nonlinear mapping. AdaBN is implemented to improve the domain adaptation ability of the model. The proposed model addresses the problem that currently, the accuracy of CNN applied to fault diagnosis is not very high. WDCNN can not only achieve 100% classification accuracy on normal signals, but also outperform state of the art DNN model which is based on frequency features under different working load and noisy environment.
Distributed architecture for cross-domain network management (2002)

As the world's communication needs increase, telecommunications providers are building larger and more complex networks to meet this demand. These evolving networks will often contain many technologies, and while most modern networks are still single-vendor, many companies are looking to diversify their networks. While on-the-wire interoperability is clearly defined by various standards bodies, the management of these heterogeneous networks remains mostly undefined. Most network management systems deployed today tend to be specific to a single technology domain (ATM, SDH), and are usually limited to the management of a single vendor's equipment. A service provider will use several unrelated and independent management systems to manage the various components of their network-this offers a less than optimal solution. This paper attempts to address this problem by describing an architecture for a network management system capable of managing such a heterogeneous network, while satisfying the critical requirements of scalability and cost-reduction. A prototype implementation of this architecture is also described, together with an example deployment of the system used to manage a small ATM network.
Intrathecal lithium reduces neuropathic pain responses in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy (2000)

We tested the ability of lithium (Li(+)) to block heat hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats experimentally subjected to painful peripheral neuropathy. Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve induced persistent hyperalgesia and allodynia. Intrathecal injection of Li(+) (2.5-40 micromol) into the region of lumbar enlargement dose-dependently reduced heat hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and mechanical allodynia for 2-6 h after injection, but had no effect on mechanical hyperalgesia. Li(+) had no significant effect on responses from control and sham-operated animals. Intrathecal injection of myo-inositol (2.5 mg) significantly reversed both the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effect of Li(+). These findings suggest that intrathecal Li(+) suppresses neuropathic pain response in CCI rats through the intracellular phosphatidylinositol (PI) second messenger system in spinal cord neurons. Lithium (Li(+)) has already found widespread clinical application; these results suggest that its therapeutic utility may be extended to include treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes resulting from peripheral nerve injury.