gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Induced Molting on Albumen Quality, Hatchability, and Chick Body Weight from Broiler Breeders (2002)

Commercial Cobb broiler breeders were subjected to molting from 55 to 62 wk of age. Incubating eggs were collected before molting and after molting and were stored for 18, 13, 8, or 3 d. Sample eggs were broken to measure albumen Haugh units (HU) and pH. Two hundred twenty-five eggs per treatment, stored for 18, 13, 8, or 3 d, were incubated for 21 d; the hatched chicks were weighed at the end of incubation and again after Day 7 of rearing. As the storage time increased, albumen HU decreased (P < 0.001). At all storage times, HU after molting were higher than those before molting (P < 0.001). Albumen pH increased with storage time (P < 0.001). A molting x storage interaction on pH was observed after 8 d of storage (P = 0.03). Hatchability of eggs increased after hens were molted, if the eggs were stored for a long time (P < 0.001). Body weights of 1-d-old chicks from the eggs of hens before molt were heavier than those from eggs after molting (P < 0.001). Conversely, at 7 d, the chicks from the eggs after molting were significantly heavier than those from eggs before molting (P < 0.001). We concluded that molting was a procedure to improve hatchability and chick juvenile growth. If eggs need to be stored, we recommended that fresh eggs with high HU value be stored rather than those with low HU values.
SMILE for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: analysis of safety and efficacy from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group (2012)

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma is rare and aggressive, with poor outcome. Optimal treatment remains unclear. A novel regimen dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, l-asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) showed promise in phase 1/2 studies with restrictive recruitment criteria. To define the general applicability of SMILE, 43 newly diagnosed and 44 relapsed/refractory patients (nasal, N = 60, nonnasal, N = 21; disseminated, N = 6; male, N = 59; female, N = 28) at a median age of 51 years (23-83 years) were treated. Poor-risk factors included stage III/IV disease (56%), international prognostic index of 3 to 5 (43%), and Korean prognostic scores of 3 to 4 (41%). A median of 3 (0-6; total = 315) courses of SMILE were administered. Significant toxicities included grade 3/4 neutropenia (N = 57; 5 sepsis-related deaths); grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (N = 36); and nephrotoxicity (N = 15; 1 acute renal failure and death). Interim analysis after 2 to 3 cycles showed complete remission rate of 56%, partial remission rate of 22%, giving an overall response rate of 78%. On treatment completion, the overall-response rate became 81% (complete remission = 66%, partial remission = 15%). Response rates were similar for newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory patients. At a median follow-up of 31 months (1-84 months), the 5-year overall survival was 50% and 4-year disease-free-survival was 64%. Multivariate analysis showed that international prognostic index was the most significant factor impacting on outcome and survivals.
HIV protease inhibitors and nuclear lamin processing: Getting the right bells and whistles (2007)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Schaum's outline of theory and problems of laplace transforms (1965)

The Laplace Transform. The Inverse Laplace Transform. Applications to Differential Equations. Applications to Integral and Difference Equations. Complex Variable Theory. Fourier Series and Integrals. The Complex Inversion Formula. Applications to Boundary-Value Problems. Appendix A: Table of General Properties of Laplace Transforms. Appendix B: Table of Special Laplace Transforms. Appendix C: Table of Special Functions.
A Survey and Tutorial on Low-Complexity Turbo Coding Techniques and a Holistic Hybrid ARQ Design Example (2013)

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) has become an essential error control technique in communication networks, which relies on a combination of arbitrary error correction codes and retransmissions. When combining turbo codes with HARQ, the associated complexity becomes a critical issue, since conventionally iterative decoding is immediately activated after each transmission, even though the iterative decoder might fail in delivering an error-free codeword even after a high number of iterations. In this scenario, precious battery-power would be wasted. In order to reduce the associated complexity, we will present design examples based on Multiple Components Turbo Codes (MCTCs) and demonstrate that they are capable of achieving an excellent performance based on the lowest possible memory octally represented generator polynomial (2, 3) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> . In addition to using low-complexity generator polynomials, we detail two further techniques conceived for reducing the complexity. Firstly, an Early Stopping (ES) strategy is invoked for curtailing iterative decoding, when its Mutual Information (MI) improvements become less than a given threshold. Secondly, a novel Deferred Iteration (DI) strategy is advocated for the sake of delaying iterative decoding, until the receiver confidently estimates that it has received sufficient information for successful decoding. Our simulation results demonstrate that the MCTC aided HARQ schemes are capable of significantly reducing the complexity of the appropriately selected benchmarkers, which is achieved without degrading the Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and throughput.
Flow through collapsible tubes at low Reynolds numbers. Applicability of the waterfall model. (1980)

The applicability of the waterfall model was tested using the Starling resistor and different viscosities of fluids to vary the Reynolds number. The waterfall model proved adequate to describe flow in the Starling resistor model only at very low Reynolds numbers (Reynolds number less than 1). Blood flow characterized by such low Reynolds numbers occurs only in the microvasculature. Thus, it is inappropriate to apply the waterfall model indiscriminately to flow through large collapsible veins.
用以延长浓缩血小板保存期的PAS—II和Composol—PS的比较 (2002)

背景 延长血小板的有效期可减少过期血小板,改善后勤及提高成本效益,即使必须做细菌实验。目的 比较两种添加液保存浓缩血小板(PC)9天的作用。方法 10份白膜层(BC,50mL,红细胞压积40％)细胞混合,并平均分装到2个400ml血袋中。1个加入250g PASII(Baxter,成分:盐水,枸橼酸盐,醋酸盐)。另1个加入250g Composol-PS(Fresenius,成分:盐水,枸橼酸盐,醋酸盐,镁,钾,葡萄酸盐)。离心后,富血小板的血浆放入
Optimal design of minimum-power stimuli for phase models of neuron oscillators (2011)

In this paper, we study optimal control problems of spiking neurons whose dynamics are described by a phase model. We design minimum-power current stimuli (controls) that lead to targeted spiking times. In particular, we consider bounded control amplitude and characterize the range of possible spiking times determined by the bound, which can be chosen sufficiently small within the range where the phase model is valid. We show that for a given bound the corresponding feasible spiking times are optimally achieved by piecewise continuous controls. We present analytic expressions with numerical simulations of the minimum-power stimuli for several phase models. We demonstrate the applicability of our method with an experimentally determined phase response curve.
Electrochemical Reduction of Oriented Graphene Oxide Films: An in Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemical Study (2009)

Graphene oxide (GO) is assembled on a gold substrate by a layer-by-layer technique using a self-assembled cystamine monolayer. The negatively charged GO platelets are attached to the positively charged cystamine monolayer through electrostatic interactions. Subsequently, it is shown that the GO can be reduced electrochemically using applied DC bias by scanning the potential from 0 to −1 V vs a saturated calomel electrode in an aqueous electrolyte. The GO and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are characterized by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A clear shift of the G band from 1610 cm−1 of GO to 1585 cm−1 of RGO is observed. The electrochemical reduction is followed in situ by micro Raman spectroscopy by carrying out Raman spectroscopic studies during the application of DC bias. The GO and RGO films have been characterized by conductive AFM that shows an increase in the current flow by at least 3 orders of magnitude after reduction. The electrochemical method of reducing GO may open up another way of controlling the reduction of GO and the extent of reduction to obtain highly conducting graphene on electrode materials.
Face illumination transfer through edge-preserving filters (2011)

This article proposes a novel image-based method to transfer illumination from a reference face image to a target face image through edge-preserving filters. According to our method, only a single reference image, without any knowledge of the 3D geometry or material information of the target face, is needed. We first decompose the lightness layers of the reference and the target images into large-scale and detail layers through weighted least square (WLS) filter after face alignment. The large-scale layer of the reference image is filtered with the guidance of the target image. Adaptive parameter selection schemes for the edge-preserving filters is proposed in the above two filtering steps. The final relit result is obtained by replacing the large-scale layer of the target image with that of the reference image. We acquire convincing relit result on numerous target and reference face images with different lighting effects and genders. Comparisons with previous work show that our method is less affected by geometry differences and can preserve better the identification structure and skin color of the target face.
Markers of Loa loa infection in permanent residents of a loiasis endemic area of Gabon (1996)

Different markers of infection were analyzed in 56 permanent residents of a Loa loa endemic village in Gabon. The population was divided into those with parasitological evidence of L. loa infection and those with no history of loiasis over the period of observation (c. 5 years). 26.7% of villagers had L. loa microfilariae, 33.9% had an ocular passage of an adult worm, and 17.8% had calabar oedema. Several other clinical symptoms were present in both groups of individuals, but none was considered to be pathognomonic for L. loa infection. Most of the villagers were polyparasitized, with Plasmodium falciparum and gastrointestinal parasites being particularly prevalent. Mansonella perstans was present in 80% of the villagers and was equally distributed between L. loa microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individuals. Eosinophil levels were elevated in the whole population, and were not significantly different between the groups who were infected and non-infected with L. loa. Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels were high in both the Ambinda villagers and in Gambian serum from patients infected with M. perstans alone and there was no significant difference between the levels of L. loa specific IgG in the Ambinda villagers and the Gambian patients. However, the level of L. loa specific IgG4 was elevated in 75.6% of amicrofilaraemic individuals and could discriminate between most individuals infected with L. loa and those infected with M. perstans, suggesting that this is the best determinant of infection status in the absence of L. loa microfilariae.
Transport protocols behaviour study in evolving mobile networks (2016)

In this paper, we present the performance evaluation of two widely used transport protocols, i.e. TCP and UDP, operating on top of the LTE network structure. We investigate key metrics that influence directly the user experience, such as the end-to-end throughput, under various channel conditions and protocol settings. We identify a number of performance issues when the current LTE protocol stack is exposed to inferior channel quality. Specifically, when the user is located at the cell edge, the interference from neighbouring cell becomes intenser while the signal power reduces due to distance. The SINR will drop, and thus the throughput and delay degrade significantly for both UDP and TCP traffic. Although traffic running on top of UDP obtains marginally better throughput, it observes very high packet loss. Further, we discover that the transport protocols investigated are sensitive to control plane errors. Enabling RLC acknowledged mode can mitigate partially the PDU loss, and hence it improves the throughput of TCP remarkably at the cell edge. However, AM introduces additional overhead and therefore may slightly cost the throughput and delay in good link conditions. Moreover, when reaching the maximum retransmission window, AM will rely on upper layers to recover the loss. Finally, we conclude that in the existence of high control error rate, robust modulation and coding scheme is needed. Alternatively, RLC acknowledged mode can be utilised to combat the packet loss, when TCP is used as transport protocol.
ESC: an expert switching control system (1991)

The paper considers an application of a real-time expert system to controller implementation and offers an alternative to conventional adaptive controllers. The 'expert' is used to switch between different control algorithms so as to achieve high quality control over a range of error signal magnitudes. The aim of the project is to use combinations of simple, well-known controllers with differing response characteristics to achieve better overall control than could be achieved using the control laws separately. The manner and timing of the combination is organised by the 'expert' element. This approach could be regarded as a more sophisticated version of gain scheduling. A further attraction of the approach is that it is well suited to a multiprocessor implementation.
Currently approved prophylactic HPV vaccines (2009)

Cervarix and Gardasil are two prophylactic HPV vaccines designed primarily for cervical cancer prevention. Cervarix is effective against HPV-16, -18, -31, -33 and -45, the five most common cancer-causing types, including most causes of adenocarcinoma for which we cannot screen adequately. Gardasil is effective against HPV-16, 18 and 31, three common squamous cell cancer-causing types. In addition, Gardasil is effective against HPV-6 and -11, causes of genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis. The most important determinant of vaccine impact to reduce cervical cancer is its duration of efficacy. To date, Cervarix's efficacy is proven for 6.4 years and Gardasil's for 5 years.
Electromyographic biofeedback training for reducing muscle pain and tension on masseter and temporal muscles: A pilot study (2016)

EMG-biofeedback training produces a decrease in EMG activity in both masseter and temporal muscles during the session. This decrease persists during the post-biofeedback period since the second session. Also there is a decrease in painful symptoms for all patients. <b>Key words:</b>Muscle tension, muscle pain, EMG-biofeedback, masseter muscle, temporal muscle.
Synthesis of prostaglandin H2 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of prostaglandin H2Ned A. Porter, Jim D. Byers, Katherine M. Holden, and Daniel B. MenzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 15, 4319–4322Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00509a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00509a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: an effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. (1996)

The FND combination is highly active in patients with recurrent or relapsed indolent lymphoma and results in a high percentage of CRs. Because of the risk of opportunistic infections, we currently recommend prophylaxis with TMP-SMX and advise deletion of corticosteroids for patients who develop opportunistic infections.
Scanning electron microscopy of the human hippocampus. (1983)

The human hippocampus was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) because further investigation of its neuroanatomy has been stimulated by increasing evidence of its functional significance. Human brains were removed within 2 hours of demise and were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for several weeks. After routine coronal sections of the cerebral hemispheres, blocks were taken of the hippocampal region for light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. At low magnifications, the different anatomical regions can be clearly identified as well as the interlocking of the dentate gyrus and the cornu Ammonis. At higher magnifications, the detailed micro-anatomical structures can be resolved. The fimbria and alveus are composed of a closely packed network of fibrils. Within the lateral ventricle, the ependymal cells are ciliated. The choroid plexus shows clusters of polygonal cells which have a brushlike border due to the presence of numerous stubby microvilli on the surface of the cells. The granular layer of the dentate gyrus is compact due to the intimate but irregular apposition of the cells resembling the dentition in malocclusion. The neuronal bodies are mostly fusiform but may taper into a flask shape. The neurons of the molecular and of the polymorphic molecular layers are much smaller and they are more widely scattered. In the hippocampal formation, the pyramidal layer stands out most clearly as its cells are larger and more angular than those of the other layers. A classical pyramidal morphology may be well shown. A very rich plexus of fibers is found in the stratum lacunosum.
Editorial (2015)

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949, it faced the enormous task of building not only a new national economy, but also a new class politics. Mao realised that a cultural transformation, rather than simply a political commitment, was necessary for his “continuous revolution.” For this purpose, how to mobilise workers and peasants, previously exploited and oppressed by capitalists, to identify with and actively participate in the socialist modernisation process became the biggest challenge. To this end, cultural production under the ideological tutelage of the CCP was geared toward actively promoting the idea of class identity transformation…
The X-ray crystal structure of (±)-flavipucine (1978)

Synthetic (±)-flavipucine (C 12 H 15 O 4 N) is monoclinic, space groupP2 1 /c, with a = 11.506(5), b = 8.765(5), c = 11.981(7) Å, β = 91.09(2)°, Z = 4. X-ray analysis confirms its structure as 1, 3′-isovaleryl-6-methyl pyridine-3-spiro-2′-oxiran-2(1H),4(3H)-dione and reveals the configuration of the oxirane to be Z.
Cholinergic Challenges in Affective Illness (1981)

The cholinergic-adrenergic balance hypothesis of affective disorders suggests that, in the areas of the brain that regulate mood, depression may represent a relative predominance of central cholinergic tone over adrenergic tone and that mania may represent the converse. Currently, converging lines of investigation from a number of independent groups suggest that affective disorder patients may have a central cholinergic receptor hypersensitivity that induces a vulnerability to affective and neuroendocrine disturbances. This article reviews the evidence for cholinergic mechanisms in the regulation of affective state and describes current research strategies using centrally active cholinomimetic agents to explore disturbances in affective disorder subjects.
Application of multiple artificial intelligence techniques for an aircraft carrier landing decision support tool (2003)

This paper describes some aspects of a recently completed project that improves the landing signal officer's (LSO) decision making when guiding the landing of aircraft on aircraft carriers. The decision support aids were developed using multiple artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The project developed pilot trending and flight prediction techniques as well as optimized the LSO's user interface via the application of decision-centered design methodologies from cognitive psychology. SHAI determined the significant aircraft approach parameters and developed a neuro-fuzzy system for plane trajectory prediction. SHAI also developed pilot trending techniques and software using case-based reasoning and fuzzy logic. In addition, in conjunction with many LSOs, we determined the best display options and most appropriate display logic for the information produced by the pilot trending module, and designed and implemented the resulting LSO interface. This paper concentrates on two particular areas of AI application, that is, the data fusion portion of the pilot trending system, and plane trajectory prediction.
P-glycoprotein retains function when reconstituted into a sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich environment (2004)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) appears to be associated within specialized raftlike membrane microdomains. The activity of P-gp is sensitive to its lipid environment, and a functional association in raft microdomains will require that P-gp retains activity in the microenvironment. Purified hamster P-gp was reconstituted in liposomes comprising sphingomyelin and cholesterol, both highly enriched in membrane microdomains and known to impart a liquid-ordered phase to bilayers. The activity of P-gp was compared with that of proteoliposomes composed of crude egg phosphatidylcholine (unsaturated) or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (saturated) in the presence or absence of cholesterol. The maximal rate of ATP hydrolysis was not significantly altered by the nature of the lipid species. However, the potencies of nicardipine and XR9576 to modulate the ATPase activity of P-gp were increased in the sphingolipid-based proteoliposomes. The drug-P-gp interaction was investigated by measurement of the rates of [(3)H]XR9576 association and dissociation from the transporter. The lipid environment of P-gp did not affect these kinetic parameters of drug binding. In summary, P-gp retains function in liquid-ordered cholesterol and sphingolipid model membranes in which the communication between the transmembrane and the nucleotide binding domains after drug binding to the protein is more efficient.
Pyridine functionalised N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of palladium (2000)

The pyridine functionalised N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (C–N)PdMeBr, C–N = 3-R-1-(2-picolyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, (R = But 1a, R = mes 1b, mes = mesityl) are described; they are excellent catalysts for the Heck arylation; 1b is monomeric with a chelating C–N ligand; the product obtained by interaction of 1a with AgO2CCF3 shows a [Pd(C–N)]4 framework with bridging C–N ligands.