gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design optimisation of cyber‐physical distributed systems using IEEE time‐sensitive networks (2016)

In this study the authors are interested in safety‐critical real‐time applications implemented on distributed architectures supporting the time‐sensitive networking (TSN) standard. The on‐going standardisation of TSN is an IEEE effort to bring deterministic real‐time capabilities into the IEEE 802.1 Ethernet standard supporting safety‐critical systems and guaranteed quality‐of‐service. TSN will support time‐triggered (TT) communication based on schedule tables, audio‐video‐bridging (AVB) flows with bounded end‐to‐end latency as well as best‐effort messages. The authors first present a survey of research related to the optimisation of distributed cyber‐physical systems using real‐time Ethernet for communication. Then, the authors formulate two novel optimisation problems related to the scheduling and routing of TT and AVB traffic in TSN. Thus, the authors consider that they know the topology of the network as well as the set of TT and AVB flows. The authors are interested to determine the routing of both TT and AVB flows as well as the scheduling of the TT flows such that all frames are schedulable and the AVB worst‐case end‐to‐end delay is minimised. The authors have proposed an integer linear programming formulation for the scheduling problem and a greedy randomised adaptive search procedure‐based heuristic for the routing problem. The proposed approaches have been evaluated using several test cases.
Forensic Analysis of File System Intrusions Using Improved Backtracking (2005)

Intrusion detection systems alert the system administrators of intrusions but, in most cases, do not provide details about which system events are relevant to the intrusion and how the system events are related. We consider intrusions of file systems. Existing tools, like BackTracker, help the system administrator backtrack from the detection point, which is a file with suspicious contents, to possible entry points of the intrusion by providing a graph containing dependency information between the various files and processes that could be related to the detection point. We improve such backtracking techniques by logging certain additional parameters of the file system during normal operations (real-time) and examining the logged information during the analysis phase. In addition, we use dataflow analysis within the processes related to the intrusion to prune unwanted paths from the dependency graph. This results in significant reduction in search space, search time, and false positives. We also analyze the effort required in terms of storage space and search time.
COMPLETE OXIDATION OF METHANE OVER PT/CEO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>CATALYSTS (2009)

Pt catalysts supported on mixed CeO2-Al2O3 carriers with different CeO2 loadings (2–50 wt.%) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Several techniques such as N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were applied to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The temperature-programmed reduction plots indicated that the reduction of the corresponding oxygen species becomes difficult in the samples with high cerium contents due to the fact that reduction of the oxygen from the lattice requires more energy, i.e., greater temperature. The catalysts were tested on the methane oxidation reaction. The results of the tests of Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts showed a suppression of the activity when the content of CeO2 was increased, although Pt catalyst with 50 wt.% of CeO2 exhibited the highest specific activity.
Comparison of upgrade techniques for mobile communication systems (2002)

For current mobile communication systems, two limitations exist which restrict their capacity and range of application. They can be characterised as an equipment limit which is determined by the maximum number of mobile stations that can be supported by a base station with given equipment, and an interference limit, which corresponds to a maximum number of carriers that can be used in a cell if a given signal-to-interference ratio must be guaranteed. Depending on base station (BS) equipment dimensioning and propagation conditions in the cell coverage area, one of the two limits will apply and define a maximum capacity of the base station that cannot be exceeded without modifications of the base station. Several techniques for base station upgrades have been developed which focus on one of the two limits or both. In the paper, traditional techniques such as spectrum upgrade, sectorisation, codec rate reduction and cell splitting are revised and compared to a new technique called A-SDMA (adaptive space division multiple access), which is introduced. Based on the comparison, evolution plans for different areas of application are developed which take these upgrade techniques into account and provide upgrade paths for mobile communication system infrastructures, applicable to current systems such as GSM as well as future systems (UMTS, FPLMTS).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epoxidation of Eight- and Twelve-Membered Cyclic Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Metal Oxide Catalysts (1969)

Abstract The oxidation of eight- and twelve-membered cyclic olefins by H2O2 was carried out in various alcohols using some metal oxides as catalysts. In contrast to the case of cyclohexene and norbornene, which can be hydroxylated, the oxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene, cyclododecene, 1,3- and 1,5-cyclooctadiene and cyclooctene with H2O2 in the presence of selenium dioxide resulted in selective formation of the corresponding monoepoxides. The following rate equation was obtained with cyclooctene (COE) in isopropanol: −d[H2O2]⁄dt=k3′[SeO2][H2O2]+k3″[SeO2][H2O2][COE].
Point-of-View Recording Devices for Intraoperative Neurosurgical Video Capture (2016)

The present study suggests that neurosurgical video capture and live streaming represents an opportunity to contribute to research, education, and quality improvement. Despite this promise, shortcomings render existing devices impractical for serious consideration. We describe the features that future recording platforms should possess to improve upon existing technology.
Measurement of very low concentration of microparticles in fluid by single particle detection using acoustic radiation force induced particle motion (2015)

Analysis and characterization of microparticles suspended in fluid have important applications in various industries. In this work, a new ultrasound-based method is proposed that enables the measurement of very low concentrations of particles in fluid. By using single particle detection, the method provides particle counts and acquires backscatter signals from individual particles. The detection method utilizes the motion of the particle induced by the acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming. The identification of an individual particle is enabled by detecting its trajectory using a line-by-line cross-correlation and modified Hough transform. The proposed method has the potential to be used as a laboratory or a clinical device for analyzing fluid samples and studying single-cell characteristics.
Treatment of aplastic anemia in children with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1991)

Twenty children (aged 1 to 17 years) with severe or moderate aplastic anemia were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at a dose of 400 micrograms/m2 per day administered as a 30-minute intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 2 weeks. This treatment increased the neutrophil counts (2.7- to 28.0-fold) in 12 of the 20 patients. Increasing doses (800 or 1,200 micrograms/m2 per day) were administered to five patients who had not responded to the initial dose, and three showed an increase in neutrophil count. Differential counts of bone marrow (BM) aspirates showed an increase in the myeloid/erythroid ratio. The response was transient, however, and the neutrophil count returned to baseline within 2 to 10 days of discontinuing treatment. No severe toxicity attributable to rhG-CSF was observed. The results suggest that this agent is effective in stimulating granulopoiesis in children with aplastic anemia. Our study also indicates that rhG-CSF will be particularly useful in managing patients with aplastic anemia complicated by bacterial or fungal infection.
Landau Damping of Low- and High-Power Slow Electrostatic Waves (1977)

We have excited waves in a warm plasma and have observed strong absorption when $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{{k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}3{v}_{e}$, in agreement with the predictions of linear Landau damping. At a certain critical power level, consistent with the power required to flatten the velocity distribution, the absorption disappears. Above this level we have obtained evidence for the appearance of an enhanced electron tail, in and above the energy range where Landau damping should occur.
Photo-catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to organic acids by a recombinant cyanobacterium incapable of glycogen storage (2012)

Deletion of the gene encoding glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (ΔglgC) in the non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, disables glycogen synthesis, arrests cellular biomass accumulation under nitrogen deficiency, and redirects photosynthetically fixed carbon to organic acids (α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate) that appear in the extracellular medium.
Fundamental Kinetics of Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water (1989)

The destruction of hazardous chemical wastes by oxidation in supercritical water is a promising new technology which has several advantages over conventional methods of toxic chemical waste disposal. Although the feasibility of the supercritical water oxidation process has been demonstrated, there is little kinetic information available on the underlying reaction mechanisms. We have recently determined the oxidation kinetics of several model compounds in supercritical water, and now report on our results of the oxidation of methanol, a common industrial solvent, in supercritical water. Global kinetic expressions are presented and our attempts to model the reaction using a free—radical mechanism with 56 elementary reactions are discussed. The inability of the elementary reaction model to represent oxidation in supercritical water is demonstrated and future model modifications are discussed.
Synthesis and Posttranslational Activation of Sulfhydryl-Endopeptidase in Cotyledons of Germinating <i>Vigna mungo</i> Seeds (1989)

A sulfhydryl-endopeptidase was purified as a 33 kilodalton (kD) mass polypeptide from cotyledons of Vigna mungo seedlings. Immunoblot analysis with antiserum made against the purified enzyme showed that the sulfhydryl-endopeptidase was synthesized only in the cotyledons during germination and that the amount of the enzyme increased until 4 days after imbibition and decreased thereafter. Next, an RNA fraction was prepared from cotyledons of 3 day old seedlings and translated in a wheat germ system. The synthesis of a 45 kD polypeptide was shown by the analysis of its translation products by immunoprecipitation with the antiserum to the endopeptidase and gel electrophoresis. When the RNA fraction was translated in the presence of canine microsomal membranes, a smaller polypeptide, having a 43 kD molecular mass, was detected as the translation product. When membrane-bound polysomes, but not free polysomes, prepared from cotyledons were used for translation in the wheat germ system, both the 43 and 45 kD polypeptides were synthesized. By incubation of a crude enzyme extract from cotyledons at 5 +/- 1 degrees C at neutral pH, the 43 kD polypeptide was sequentially cleaved to the 33 kD polypeptide via 39 and 36 kD intermediate polypeptides. The endopeptidase was activated simultaneously with the processing. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the 33 kD polypeptide was the fully activated form of the enzyme, whereas little or no activity was detected in other forms. From the present results, we postulate that the sulfhydryl-endopeptidase is first synthesized as the 45 kD precursor with a 2 kD signal peptide being cleaved, and that the 43 kD polypeptide is further cleaved to give the 33kD mature enzyme.
Iron-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylpyridines from β-Nitrostyrenes (2016)

An operationally simple and mild one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a variety of 3,5-diarylpyridines from β-nitrostyrenes was achieved by using elemental iron. This reaction proceeds via reduction of the nitro group, resulting in in situ imine formation followed by trimolecular condensation with concomitant debenzylative aromatization. By employing this method, a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,5-diarylpyridines were synthesized with good to excellent yields. In addition, this method was also utilized for the synthesis of Sch-21418, an anti-inflammatory agent on gram scale.
Accuracy of genomic selection: Comparing theory and results (2009)

Deterministic predictions of the accuracy of genomic breeding values in selection candidates with no phenotypes have been derived based on the heritability of the trait, number of phenotyped and genotyped animals in the reference population where the marker effects are estimated, the effective population size and the length of the genome. We assessed the value of these deterministic predictions given the results that have been achieved in Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle. We conclude that the deterministic predictions are useful guide for establishing the size of the reference populations which must be assembled in order to predict genomic breeding values at a desired level of accuracy in selection candidates.
Aeroacoustic Mode Trapping for a Wind Tunnel with a Cavity in the Wall (2008)

The cavity resonance phenomenon has recently been suggested as an approach for regularizing the shear layer downstream of an aero-optic turret. Experiments on this geometry have been carried out in wind tunnels, with the cavity recessed in one wall. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis which shows that this geometry can lead to an aeroacoustic mode-trapping phenomenon. The mode trapping arises when the cut-on frequencies fTcr for the tunnel cross-stream eigenmodes are higher than the cut-on frequencies fCTcr for the corresponding cavity-tunnel modes (in the region of the tunnel containing the cavity). Between these two critical frequencies, fCTcr < f < fTcr, there are frequency windows where mode trapping can occur. Because the acoustic radiation away from the cavity region is inhibited in these frequency windows, a cavity resonance eld that involves a trapped mode can reach very high amplitudes, far in excess of the amplitude that would be found for the cavity geometry in an external ow environment. The theory predicts the characteristics of the cavity-tunnel and tunnel modes, and the frequency windows for aeroacoustic mode trapping, as a function of geometry and Mach number. Results of the theory are compared with experiments, conrming the importance of the mode-trapping phenomenon.
Preventing the Access of Fraudulent WEB Sites by Using a Special Two-Dimensional Code (2012)

Mobile phone users are being increasingly directed to WEB sites through the identification of the WEB address from a two-dimensional code on the phone. However, incidents where mobile phones direct users to malicious WEB sites are also increasing. The direct lead mechanism, in which mobile phones directly send users to an uninspected WEB address, is the most common mechanism by which users are misdirected to fraudulent WEB sites. To address this issue, a registration server for inspecting WEB addresses and storing the corresponding registration IDs in the two-dimensional code format was established. Subsequently, the reliability of directing users to WEB sites only after verifying the registration ID of the target WEB address was examined. However, this approach was susceptible to phishing and camouflage when malicious software was used to rewrite the registration ID and the relationship of the WEB address on the registration server. Therefore, an approach that uses two-dimensional codes with a secret encrypted component was proposed.
MalY of Escherichia coli is an enzyme with the activity of a beta C-S lyase (cystathionase) (1995)

The Escherichia coli maltose system consists of a number of genes whose products are involved in the uptake and metabolism of maltose and maltodextrins. MalT is the central positive gene activator of the regulon and is, together with the cyclic AMP-catabolite gene activator protein system, necessary for the expression of the maltose genes. Expression of malY, a MalT-independent gene, leads to the repression of all MalT-dependent genes. We have purified MalY to homogeneity and found it to be a pyridoxal-5-phosphate-containing enzyme with the enzymatic activity of a beta C-S lyase (cystathionase). MalY is a monomeric protein of 42,000 to 44,000 Da. Strains expressing MalY constitutively abolish the methionine requirement of metC mutants. The enzymatic activity of MetC, the cleavage of cystathionine to homocysteine, ammonia, and pyruvate, can be catalyzed by MalY. However, the cystathionase activity is not required for the function of MalY in repressing the maltose system. By site-directed mutagenesis, we changed the conserved lysine residue at the pyridoxal phosphate binding site (position 233) of MalY to isoleucine. This abolished beta C-S lyase activity but not the ability of the protein to repress the maltose system. Also, the overexpression of plasmid-encoded metC did not affect mal gene expression, nor did the deduced amino acid sequence of MetC show homology to that of MalY.
A comprehensive reliability investigation of the voltage-, temperature- and device geometry-dependence of the gate degradation on state-of-the-art GaN-on-Si HEMTs (2010)

In this work, the gate degradation of GaN-based HEMTs is analyzed. We find that the gate degradation does not occur only beyond a critical voltage, but it has a strong voltage accelerated kinetics and a weak temperature dependence. By means of a statistical study we show that the time-to-failure can be fitted best with a Weibull distribution. By using the distribution parameters and a power law model it is possible to perform lifetime extrapolation based on the gate degradation at a defined failure level and temperature for the first time. From this elaboration, the lifetime of a given device geometry can also be extracted. Eventually, the strong bias dependence of the gate degradation reported here implies that this phenomenon should be assessed by means of a voltage-based accelerated investigation as described in this work.
Determination of tissue optical properties from diffuse reflectance profiles by multivariate calibration (1998)

We describe a method for determining the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients of turbid biological media from the spatially resolved diffuse reflectance. A Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System in conjunction with data preprocessing techniques is employed to perform multivariate calibration and prediction on reflectance data generated by Monte Carlo simulations. The preprocessing consists of either a principal component analysis or a new, extended curve-fitting procedure originating from diffusion theory. Prediction tests on reflectance data with absorption coefficients between 0.04 and 0.06 mm(-1) and reduced scattering coefficients between 0.45 and 0.99 mm(-1) show the root-mean-square error of this method to be 0.25% for both coefficients. With reference to practical applications, we also describe how the prediction accuracy is affected by using relative instead of absolute reflectance data, by imposing measurement noise on the reflectance data, and by changing the number and the position of detectors.
Temozolomide and cisplatin in avdanced malignant melanoma. (2005)

The combination of TMZ and CDDP seems to be active in untreated patients with advanced melanoma. Absence of recurrence in the majority (5/9; 56%) of CR patients seems to indicate that IFN may act on the duration of the response to chemotherapy. The schedule was well tolerated, with nausea and vomiting as the most frequent adverse events.
Iron and Virulence (2001)

Little is known about how Gram-positive bacteria, such as the important human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, acquire iron, a nutrient needed for the growth of pathogens within their hosts. Brown et al. have discovered two loci that encode high-affinity iron transporters in this organism. If both copies of the pit genes were disrupted, then the pathogen could not use hemoglobin as a source of iron, became insensitive to the iron-dependent antibiotic streptonigrin, and lost virulence in a mouse model of infection. The pit2 locus lies within a region of the bacterium's chromosome that has several features of a pathogenicity island, possibly introduced into S. pneumoniae by horizontal transfer from another organism. Such pathogenicity islands have been seen frequently in Gram-negative bacteria but not as yet in Gram-positive S. pneumoniae. — CA
Salbutamol Delivering Transdermal Dosage Form Based on Osmo-Regulatory Principle (1990)

A transdermal drug delivery system of Salbutamol was developed which released the drug following zero order kinetics. The designed system essentially based on trilaminated matrix concept. The delivery of drug from the system affected by osmotic phenomenon where sodium chloride was used as an osmogent. To establish the desired release rate polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) was used as channelising agent in rate controlling membrance of cellulose acetate. The designed systems exhibiting zero-order release rate, were studied for the in-vitro skin permeation. The product which was having skin permeability rate 115 mcg/hr/cm2 was selected for the in-vivo evaluation. The forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and drug plasma concentration were monitored periodically. The study revealed that designed osmoregulatory transdermal drug delivery system of Salbutamol could be used successfully with improved therapeutic response and holds promise for the clinical studies.
Antibiotic-Induced Endotoxin Release in Patients with Gram-Negative Urosepsis: A Double-Blind Study Comparing Imipenem and Ceftazidime (1995)

The clinical significance of differences between antibiotics in endotoxin-liberating potential is unknown. Thirty patients with gram-negative urosepsis were randomized between imipenem and ceftazidime, which have, respectively, a low and a high endotoxin-liberating potential in vitro. In patients treated with ceftazidime, a slower defervescence was noticed. After 4 h of treatment, the blood endotoxin level decreased in all 3 endotoxemic patients receiving imipenem, whereas it increased in 2 of the 4 endotoxemic patients receiving ceftazidime, and in ceftazidime-treated patients, the endotoxin level in urine decreased less than in imipenem-treated subjects. Serum and urine cytokine levels increased 10%-40% after 4 h of ceftazidime treatment compared with no increase in the imipenem-treated patients (P > .05). Endotoxin release during antibiotic killing in vitro, assessed for all microorganisms, was 10-fold higher with ceftazidime (P < .001). These results indicate that differences between antibiotics in endotoxin release may affect the inflammatory response during treatment.