gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical contacting of low-expansion materials (2011)

We report on optical contacting or "direct bonding" of glass to glass for optical and precision engineering applications. Fused silica (SiO2) and ultra-low-expansion (ULE) glass materials with low and extremely low coefficients of thermal expansion, respectively, were investigated. Large glass wafers of up to 150 mm diameter and about 1.5 mm thickness were bonded to each other and to plane glass substrates of up to 20 mm thickness. Successful bonding was achieved after extensive chemical cleaning and low pressure plasma surface activation, using a commercial wafer bonding equipment. High quality (optically transparent) bonds with a very low fraction of aerial defects were obtained at low bonding temperatures of about 250 °C, by applying compressive forces of several tens of kN in a high vacuum environment. Typically, only small unbound locations occurred at the rim, where insufficient pressure had been applied in the bonding process. Bonding strengths were estimated from destructive "razor-blade" testing of bonded wafer pairs, resulting in bond energies up to about 2 J/m<sup>2</sup>. For surface activation, Nitrogen-plasma was tested in comparison to Oxygen-Plasma without significant differences. However, ULE wafers were found to bond much stronger than fused silica wafers under nominally identical bonding conditions. An exemplary "sandwich" structure was generated from ULE materials by bonding wafers from both sides to a core structure, obtained by perforating a massive plane plate with bore holes. This illustrates possible use in light-weight and stiff construction for high precision opto-mechanical applications.
Time-course of insulin degradation in perifused isolated rat adipose cells. (1980)

Isolated fat cells from rat epididymal adipose tissue were preincubated with 50 microU/ml (0.33 nM) 125I-insulin at 23 degrees C to enhance binding while retarding degradation. The fat cells were then perifused at that temperature to remove unbound 125I-insulin, and fractions of perifusate were collected each minute. The temperature of the cells in the perifusion chamber was then rapidly increased to 37 degrees C, and perifusion was continued. The fat cells degraded a portion of the bound 125I-insulin measured by loss of immunoprecipitability with excess antisera to insulin. The percentage of degraded 125I-insulin dissociating from the fat cells increased progressively with time at 37 degrees C, and the rateof dissociation of 125I-insulin degradation products showed a first-order dependence on the amount of degraded 125I-insulin bound to the cells. To explain this first-order dependence it is necessary to postulate a "processing" step after binding and before degradation. The first-order rate constant at 37 degrees C is 0.023 +/- 0.004 min-1. Fast and slow dissociating components can be resolved from kinetic plots of the dissociation of undegraded 125I-insulin (immunoprecipitable) from the isolated fat cells. The antilipolytic activity of the 125I-insulin on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis is evident over much of the time-course of dissociation. A model for the degradation of insulin bound to isolated fat cells is discussed.
Serum Ghrelin as a Marker of Atrophic Body Gastritis in Patients with Parietal Cell Antibodies (2007)

Our study demonstrates that ghrelin secretion is negatively affected by autoimmune gastritis, and its serum level represents the most sensitive and specific noninvasive marker for selecting patients at high risk for ABG.
Protein expression by Streptococcus uberis in co-culture with bovine mammary epithelial cells (1998)

Three strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from dairy cows with mastitis were co-cultured with a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without fetal bovine serum. Protein profiles from culture supernatants and bacterial pellets among different treatments were compared by electrophoresis. There were proteins induced or having increased expression in both supernatant and surface-associated samples from S. uberis co-cultured with MAC-T cells. Some of these proteins were recognized by antibodies in serum obtained from a cow infected by S. uberis. In supernatant samples, there were two distinct protein bands at 35 and 36.8 kDa for all three strains of S. uberis co-cultured with MAC-T cells. These two bands were absent when bacterial protein synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol. This study clearly indicates that bacterial protein expression was regulated in response to co-culture with mammary epithelial cells.
Lateral encroachment of extrinsic-base dopant in submicrometer bipolar transistors (1987)

This letter examines the encroachment of extrinsic-base dopants in submicrometer n-p-n transistors. We measured I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> and I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> in devices defined by the same emitter mask on two wafers which were identically processed except for a split on the sidewall spacer. It was found that I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> was identical although the actual emitter area differed by a factor of 1.8 due to different sidewall thickness. In contrast, the base current I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> was proportional to the actual emitter area, conforming to the common belief that I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> is dominated by surface recombination at the poly/ monosilicon interface in poly-emitter transistors. In addition, the reverse emitter-base (E-B) leakage was found to be higher on the wafer with the thinner sidewall. These results were attributed to the lateral encroachment of the extrinsic-base dopants upon the active region, which limited the effective area for I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> injection, and caused increasing leakage along the perimeter.
Comments-oriented document summarization (2008)

Comments left by readers on Web documents contain valuable information that can be utilized in different information retrieval tasks including document search, visualization, and summarization. In this paper, we study the problem of comments-oriented document summarization and aim to summarize a Web document (e.g., a blog post) by considering not only its content, but also the comments left by its readers. We identify three relations (namely, topic, quotation, and mention) by which comments can be linked to one another, and model the relations in three graphs. The importance of each comment is then scored by: (i) graph-based method, where the three graphs are merged into a multi-relation graph; (ii) tensor-based method, where the three graphs are used to construct a 3rd-order tensor. To generate a comments-oriented summary, we extract sentences from the given Web document using either feature-biased approach or uniform-document approach. The former scores sentences to bias keywords derived from comments; while the latter scores sentences uniformly with comments. In our experiments using a set of blog posts with manually labeled sentences, our proposed summarization methods utilizing comments showed significant improvement over those not using comments. The methods using feature-biased sentence extraction approach were observed to outperform that using uniform-document approach.
A knowledge‐based approach for screening chemical structures within <i>de novo</i> molecular evolution (2010)

Abstract Despite the advantage of employing evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for de novo creation of novel molecular structures with optimal properties, the approach is hampered by sampling chemically undesirable structures. Such structures are undesirable for different reasons, such as a critical structural pattern may be ignored or too many rotational degrees of freedom exist for conformational search. A new method is presented which creates a user‐defined structure filter, here referred to as the bias filter (BF)b, generated from a set of molecules representing typical structure types that are allowed to evolve in the de novo process. The BF can be seen as constraining the chemical structure space according to external requirements given by the user. No explicit programming of structure rules is necessary which makes the proposed method much more intuitive and user friendly than other methods commonly used in de novo applications. We have tested the proposed method in the process of evolving a set of Factor Xa inhibitors where the aim is to create molecules with optimal log P values. The de novo GeneGear system developed in our group is responsible for the corresponding evolutionary computation and bias filtering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple strategy for building and training multilayer neural networks (1991)

Summary form only given, as follows. A multilayer neural network building algorithm is proposed: the offset algorithm. The algorithm has two basic steps-a growth step in which two hidden layers are built and a pruning step in which any redundant units are removed. During the growth step, the first hidden layer is built by adding units to offset errors, as they are needed, until zero error convergence is achieved. The problem of mapping these internal representations onto the desired output is the n-parity problem. Thus, the second hidden layer is built by a geometrical design procedure with no learning. After the pruning step, the final architecture can have one or two hidden layers. The offset strategy is simple and could easily be turned into hardware. The possibilities of its VLSI implementation have also been investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A USRP-based GNSS and interference signal generator and playback system (2012)

This paper presents a low cost, portable, and flexible GNSS signal and interference signal generator based on a general purpose software radio front end, the Universal Serial Radio Peripheral (USRP) family of devices. We paired a USRP-N210 mother board with appropriate RFX daughter boards to generate all GNSS signals controlled by a personal computer. The source of the signal can be pre-recorded digital samples obtained from specific RF front end or arbitrary samples generated using MATLAB programs. An adjustable low noise signal amplifier mounted between the USRP output and the transmitting antenna was used to control the transmitted power of the signal. A spectrum analyzer was used to directly monitor the transmitted signal. The NovAtel receiver was used to verify the performance of this signal generator and playback system. The received GNSS data after transmitting via USRP-N210 and the original GNSS data before transmitting are processed by NovAtel receiver and software receiver programs respectively for performance evaluation purposes. Some comparisons had been done to demonstrate the accuracy of the playback system.
Development of a Scaleable Synthesis of NDT 9533750, a Key Intermediate to a Series of Novel Subtype Preferring GABA<sub>A</sub> Partial Agonists (2007)

A scaleable route to 6-chloro-4-[2-(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-imidazol-1-ylmethyl]-5-propyl-pyrimidine (NDT 9533750), a key intermediate to a series of novel subtype preferring GABAA partial agonists, is described in which various scaleup issues were addressed to provide an efficient and robust route for the preparation of kilogram quantities of the compound.
Prototyping robot appearance, movement, and interactions using flexible 3D printing and air pressure sensors (2012)

We present a method for rapidly prototyping interactive robot skins using flexible 3D printed material and analogue air pressure sensors. We describe a set of building blocks for presenting affordances for different manipulations (twist, bend, stretch, etc.). Each building block is a hollow air chamber that can be printed as an integral part of the skin to easily add sensing capabilities over any broad area. Changes in volume caused by manipulating the chambers are captured using air pressure sensors; the sensors can be plugged in and removed, allowing rapid iteration on new designs. We demonstrate our method by prototyping three robot skins that attach to the Keepon Pro armature. With fully operational robot skins, we can study the dependencies between appearance, movement, and interactions at a deeper level than would previously be possible at the concept stage.
Sol-gel fabrication of high-quality photomask substrates (2003)

Synthetic silica photomask substrates are currently manufactured by cutting from glass boules, which are prepared using a flame hydrolysis process. An alternative technique based on sol-gel processing demonstrates several potential advantages in fabricating high-quality substrates. This new approach allows near net shape fabrication of synthetic silica photomask substrates, eliminating the need for cutting and grinding. The complex relationship between glass properties and process parameters in the formulation, drying, and sintering steps has been determined, and a repeatable process has been established. The resulting substrates meet all SEMI specifications for ultra-low thermal expansion (ULTE) photomasks for 248-nm lithography. The technology may also be extended to 193-nm and 157-nm photomask substrates. This sol-gel-based process may represent a unique and cost-effective alternative for manufacturing photomask substrates for deep UV lithography.
A Study on Obsolescence and Weeding by Citation Analysis - Application to Economics - (1993)

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the obsolescence of documents according to their dates, types and locations of publication. The main results are as follows : The half-life of monographs is 12.09 years while those of articles and research papers are 9.68 and 8.93 years, respectively. Moreover, documents are most often cited by researchers within two years since their publication. Lastly, but not the least, the estimated weeding points for monographs, articles, and research papers, assuming that their weeding points have been realized when their accumulated citation rates reach 90%, are 40.15, 32.15, and 29.65 years, respectively.
An improved full-ZVS-range hybrid DC-DC converter with low filter requirement capable of adding and subtracting the controlled and uncontrolled sections (2000)

A new hybrid configuration for DC-DC power converters featuring zero-voltage-switching over the full load-range and reduced filter requirement was proposed by R. Ayyanar et al. (1999). In this paper, an improved configuration, capable of adding and subtracting the outputs of its uncontrolled and controlled sections is proposed. The new configuration achieves further significant reduction in the filter requirement and improved ZVS characteristics. Though the number of switches is more than in the conventional converters, the combined VA ratings of all the switches together is the same. Experimental results from a 500 W prototype switching at 100 kHz are presented.
Practical recommendations for measuring rates of visual field change in glaucoma (2008)

To date, there has been a lack of evidence-based guidance on the frequency of visual field examinations required to identify clinically meaningful rates of change in glaucoma. The objective of this perspective is to provide practical recommendations for this purpose. The primary emphasis is on the period of time and number of examinations required to measure various rates of change in mean deviation (MD) with adequate statistical power. Empirical data were used to obtain variability estimates of MD while statistical modelling techniques derived the required time periods to detect change with various degrees of visual field variability. We provide the frequency of examinations per year required to detect different amounts of change in 2, 3 and 5 years. For instance, three examinations per year are required to identify an overall change in MD of 4 dB over 2 years in a patient with average visual field variability. Recommendations on other issues such as examination type, strategy and quality are also made.
Manufacturing microsystems-on-a-chip with 5-level surface micromachining technology (1998)

An agile microsystem manufacturing technology has been developed that provides unprecedented 5 levels of independent polysilicon surface-micromachine films for the designer. Typical surface-micromachining processes offer a maximum of 3 levels, making this the most complex surface-micromachining process technology developed to date. Leveraged from the extensive infrastructure present in the microelectronics industry, the manufacturing method of polysilicon surface-micromachining offers similar advantages of high-volume, high-reliability, and batch-fabrication to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as has been accomplished with integrated circuits (ICs). These systems, comprised of microscopic-sized mechanical elements, are laying the foundation for a rapidly expanding, multi-billion dollar industry 2 which impacts the automotive, consumer product, and medical industries to name only a few.
Validity of a Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry Device for Estimating Human Body Composition (1989)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: body compositionpercent body fatnear-infrared spectrophotometrybiceps site
Acrylic Resins (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcrylic ResinsHarry T. NeherCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 3, 267–271Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50315a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50315a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultrasound-guided embryo transfer: a prospective randomized controlled trial (2001)

A significant improvement in implantation rate was observed following the use of ultrasound guidance during embryo transfer. The extent of improvement in the pregnancy rate may depend on the specific techniques and methods of embryo transfer used in individual centres.
Immunoglobulin A antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (1997)

Serological testing for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Helicobacter pylori has proven useful in supporting the diagnosis of infection with this organism, but the clinical value of IgA antibodies in H. pylori-related gastritis remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of IgA-positive IgG-negative patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, thus assessing the clinical utility of IgA testing for H. pylori-related gastritis. It was found previously that the frequency of infected individuals in this category (IgA positive and IgG negative) is about 2%, but a large number of IgG-negative patients with GI disorders suggestive of H. pylori infection have not been investigated until now.
Optical Detection of the Brachial Plexus for Peripheral Nerve Blocks (2011)

Spectroscopic information obtained with the optical needle is distinct from nerve stimulation and complementary to ultrasound imaging, and it could potentially allow for reliable identification of the injection site during peripheral nerve blocks.
Vendor Selection Using Principal Component Analysis (2000)

SUMMARY Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers which meet their requirements in terms of several performance criteria. The evaluation element typically consists of identifying the attributes, criteria, or factors relevant to the decision and then measuring or rating each vendor by considering each of the relevant factors. A critical part of the overall supplier selection process is the determination of the relative importance of each of the factors. This article presents an alternative decision model to evaluate the relative performance of suppliers that have multiple outputs and inputs. This approach is based on a multivariate statistical method, principal component analysis, that uses information obtained from eigenvalues to combine different ratio measures defined by every input and every output. The method has been employed to aggregate multiple performance measures for a real‐world data set of suppliers of a medium‐sized firm operating in the bottling machinery industry.
Comparison of Fat–Water MRI and Single‐voxel MRS in the Assessment of Hepatic and Pancreatic Fat Fractions in Humans (2009)

The ability to accurately and noninvasively quantify fatty infiltration in organs such as the liver and the pancreas remains a critical component in understanding the link between obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Single-voxel ((1)H) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has long been regarded as the gold-standard noninvasive technique for such measurements. Recent advances in three-dimensional fat-water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have led to the development of rapid, robust, and quantitative approaches that can accurately characterize the proportion of fat and water content in underlying tissues across the full imaging volume, and hence entire organs of interest. One such technique is called IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation). This article prospectively compares three-dimensional (3D) IDEAL-MRI and single-voxel MRS in the assessment of hepatic (HFF) and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) in 16 healthy subjects. MRS acquisitions took 3-4 min to complete whereas IDEAL acquisitions were completed in 20-s breath-holds. In the liver, there was a strong correlation (slope = 0.90, r(2) = 0.95, P < 0.001) between IDEAL and MRS-based fat fractions. In the pancreas, a poorer agreement between IDEAL and MRS was observed (slope = 0.32, r(2) = 0.51, P < 0.02). The discrepancy of PFF is likely explained by MRS signal contamination from surrounding visceral fat, presumably during respiratory motion. We conclude that IDEAL is equally accurate in characterizing hepatic fat content as MRS, and is potentially better suited for fat quantification in smaller organs such as the pancreas.