gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS Cascode Source-Drain Follower for Monolithically Integrated Biosensor Array (2008)

Source-drain follower has been designed and implemented for monolithically integrated biosensor array. The circuit acts as a voltage follower, in which a sensing transistor is operated at fixed gatesource and gate-drain voltages. It operates at 10nW power dissipation. The wide-swing cascode configurations are investigated in constant and non-constant biasing methods. The constant biased cascode source-drain follower has the merit of small cell size. The chip was fabricated using 1.2μm standard CMOS technology, and a wide range of operation between 1nW and 100μW was demonstrated. The accuracy of the voltage follower was 30mV using minimum sized transistors, due to the variation of threshold voltage. The error in the output except for the threshold voltage mismatch was less than 10mV. The temperature dependence of the output was 0.11mV/°C. To improve the input voltage range and accuracy, non-constant biased cascode source-drain follower is examined. The sensor cell is designed for 10mV accuracy and the cell size is 105.3μm×81.4μm in 1.2μm CMOS design rules. The sensor cell was fabricated and showed that the error in the output except for the threshold voltage mismatch was less than 2mV in a range of total current between 3nA and 10μA and in a temperature range between 30°C and 100°C.
Design and evaluation of a speech interface for remote database searching (1991)

Advances in speech technology have made it possible to use speech as an effective man-machine interface in infor mation retneval applications. We believe that since it is among the most natural means of communication, limited use of speech should increase the speed and ease of access to large document databases. The purpose of this paper is to descnbe a two-year research programme which involved the design, im plementation and evaluation of a speech interface for the British Library Blaise online service The project began by examining an existing pnmitive voice interface which was developed during the early 1980s for an in-house text retneval system known as MicroBIRD. Evaluation of this interface has provided invaluable insights into the problems of voice interface design for online searching. The main lessons learned from this initial study were: (a) take full advantage of the well defined syntax of the query language to limit the difficulty of the speech recognition process; and (b) avoid antagonising the user by providing full control of the configuration of the interface, enabling varying degrees of audio reinforcement of visually presented data. Based on the experience gained from the MicroBiRD inter face we embarked on the more challenging task of designing a speech interface for the Blaise system. We will outline the hardware configuration, software development, analysis of the Blaise query language syntax and design features of the new interface. Having successfully developed the system the next logical step was to study the reactions of users to the interface. particularly in relation to the preferred mix of keyboard/voice input and screen/speech output. We have carried out a series of expenments using subjects from a wide range of back grounds. The evaluation expenments have shown that the use of voice for the input of commands and associated parameters is the area of greatest advantage of a voice interface. Indeed voice input is almost as fast as keyboard input, and sometimes slightly faster. Speech output, on the other hand, should be used pnmanly for providing short prompts (e.g. help messages) to the user. The reading out of an entire bibliographic record would be irksome and, because of the senal nature of speech. far too slow. If speech output is desired it should be limited to selected parts of a record such as author and title fields. Finally. our results have also shown that currently available speech recognition and synthesis hardware, along with intelli gent software, can provide an interface well suited to the needs of online information retrieval systems.
Cooperative Effects in a Tenuous Energetic Plasma Contained by a Magnetic Mirror Field (1965)

The formation and characteristics of a steady-state hydrogen plasma contained in a magnetic mirror field are described. The mean ion energy is 20 keV. The plasma is formed by ionizing and trapping a portion of a beam of energetic hydrogen atoms passing through the confining field. The methods of measurement used to determine the plasma properties are described. Measurements of the radial and azimuthal trapped-ion distributions, the average ion and electron densities, and the plasma potential are compared with the predictions of simple theory, neglecting cooperative plasma effects. The observed deviations from these simple predictions show that the plasma properties are dominated by cooperative phenomena. The plasma density is found to be limited to a low value (∼4 × 107 ions/cm3) by a flute or drift instability. This instability is characterized by a low frequency rotation of the plasma at a frequency typically close to the ▿B precession frequency of a 20-keV proton in the nonuniform mirror field. The plasma density at the unstable limit is observed to be related to the value of plasma potential. This relationship can be understood quantitatively by an extension of an earlier theoretical treatment of the drift instability to the case of unequal ion and electron densities. The flute oscillation frequency is also derived from this theory. Oscillations at the ion gyrofrequency are observed, marking the presence of an electrostatic resonance type of instability. Coupling of these modes with the flute oscillations is described, but detailed identification of the electrostatic resonance modes cannot yet be made.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoxalines. Part 20. Syntheses and Reactions of 6‐Nitroquinoxalines. (1986)

Abstract The quinoxalines (Ic) (with Na‐nitrite in 50% acetic acid) or (Ib) (with Na‐azide) yield the tetrazoloquinoxaline (III).
Molecular and Integrated Biology of Thin Filament Protein Phosphorylation in Heart Muscle (2004)

An increasing body of evidence points to posttranslational modifications of the thin filament regulatory proteins, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) by protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation as important in both long- and short-term regulation of cardiac function and potentially implicated in the transition between compensated hypertrophy and decompensation. The main sites for PKC-dependent phosphorylation on cTnI are Ser43, Ser45, and Thr144 and on cTnT are Thr197, Ser201, Thr206, and Thr287 (mouse sequence). We analyzed the function of each phosphorylation residue using a phosphorylation mimic approach introducing glutamates (E) at PKC phosphorylation sites and then measuring the isometric tension of fiber bundles exchanged with these mutants. We also directly phosphorylated cTnI and cTnT by PKC, incorporated the phosphorylated troponins in the myofilament lattice, and determined the isometric tension at varying Ca(2+) concentrations. We followed the experimental data with computational analysis prediction of helical content of cTnI and cTnT peptides that undergo phosphorylation. Here we summarize our recent data on the specific functional role of PKC phosphorylation sites of cTnI and cTnT.
Dual Coding with STDP in a Spiking Recurrent Neural Network Model of the Hippocampus (2010)

The firing rate of single neurons in the mammalian hippocampus has been demonstrated to encode for a range of spatial and non-spatial stimuli. It has also been demonstrated that phase of firing, with respect to the theta oscillation that dominates the hippocampal EEG during stereotype learning behaviour, correlates with an animal's spatial location. These findings have led to the hypothesis that the hippocampus operates using a dual (rate and temporal) coding system. To investigate the phenomenon of dual coding in the hippocampus, we examine a spiking recurrent network model with theta coded neural dynamics and an STDP rule that mediates rate-coded Hebbian learning when pre- and post-synaptic firing is stochastic. We demonstrate that this plasticity rule can generate both symmetric and asymmetric connections between neurons that fire at concurrent or successive theta phase, respectively, and subsequently produce both pattern completion and sequence prediction from partial cues. This unifies previously disparate auto- and hetero-associative network models of hippocampal function and provides them with a firmer basis in modern neurobiology. Furthermore, the encoding and reactivation of activity in mutually exciting Hebbian cell assemblies demonstrated here is believed to represent a fundamental mechanism of cognitive processing in the brain.
Health Care Fraud and Abuse (1999)

In recent years, health care fraud and abuse have become major issues, in part because of the rising cost of health care, industry consolidation, the emergence of private "whistle-blowers," and a change in the concept of fraud to include an emerging concern about quality of care. The 3 types of conduct that are generally prohibited by health care fraud laws are false claims, kickbacks, and self-referrals. False claims are subject to several criminal, civil, and administrative prohibitions, notably the federal civil False Claims Act. Kickbacks, or inducements with the intent to influence the purchase or sale of health care-related goods or services, are prohibited under the federal Anti-Kickback statute as well as by state laws. Finally, self-referrals-the referral of patients to an entity with which the referring physician has a financial relationship-are outlawed by the Ethics in Patient Referral Act as well as numerous state statutes. Consequences of violations of these laws can include, in addition to imprisonment and fines, civil monetary penalties, loss of licensure, loss of staff privileges, and exclusion from participation in federal health care programs. Federal criminal and civil statutes are enforced by the US Department of Justice; administrative actions are pursued by the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Inspector General; and all state actions are pursued by the individual states. In addition, private whistle-blowers may, acting in the name of the United States, file suit against an entity under the False Claims Act. Enforcement of health care fraud and abuse laws has become increasingly commonplace and now affects many mainstream providers. This trend is likely to continue.
A Formulation of <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Gliocladium</i> to Reduce Damping-off Caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and Saprophytic Growth of the Pathogen in Soilless Mix (1998)

Commercially manufactured cellulose granules (Biodac) were mixed with a sticker and fermentor-produced biomass of isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens to produce a formulation in which chlamydospores in the biomass were "activated" with dilute acid. Activation resulted in the formation of young, actively growing hyphae of the biocontrol fungi within a 2- to 3-day period under no special aseptic conditions. Activated Biodac with biomass of isolates Gl-3, Gl-21, and Gl-32 of G. virens and isolate TRI-4 of T. hamatum applied to soilless mix at a rate of 1.5% (wt/wt) reduced damping-off of eggplant caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R-23) and resulted in stands comparable to that (88%) in noninfested soilless mix. Saprophytic growth of the pathogen was also reduced. The application of either of two activated Biodac formulations to provide the same amount (1.5% with 9.4 mg of biomass per g of Biodac or 0.2% with 75.0 mg of biomass per g of Biodac) reduced preemergence damping-off as well as saprophytic growth of R-23. Also, there was about a 10<sup>3</sup>-fold population increase of Gl-3 and TRI-4 in the soilless mix at the time of plant harvest compared with that provided to the soilless mix at the time of formulation addition. Activated Biodac of Gl-3 also reduced the spread of R-23 in soilless mix when the pathogen was applied at specific foci rather than evenly distributed. The inhibition of pathogen spread significantly reduced the postemergence damping-off of cucumber, eggplant, and pepper seedlings.
Comparison of composition, sensory, and volatile components of thirty-four percent whey protein and milk serum protein concentrates (2009)

The objectives of this study were to identify and compare the composition, flavor, and volatile components of serum protein concentrate (SPC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) containing about 34% protein made from the same milk to each other and to commercial 34% WPC from 6 different factories. The SPC and WPC were manufactured in triplicate with each pair of serum and traditional whey protein manufactured from the same lot of milk. At each replication, SPC and WPC were spray dried (SD) and freeze dried (FD) to determine the effect of the heat used in spray drying on sensory properties. A trained sensory panel documented the sensory profiles of rehydrated SD or FD powders. Volatile components were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry. Whey protein concentrates had higher fat content, calcium, and glycomacropeptide content than SPC. Color differences (Hunter L, a, b) were not evident between SPC and WPC powders, but when rehydrated, SPC solutions were clear, whereas WPC solutions were cloudy. No consistent differences were documented in sensory profiles of SD and FD SPC and WPC. The SD WPC had low but distinct buttery (diacetyl) and cardboard flavors, whereas the SD SPC did not. Sensory profiles of both rehydrated SD products were bland and lower in overall aroma and cardboard flavor compared with the commercial WPC. Twenty-nine aroma impact compounds were identified in the SPC and WPC. Lipid and protein oxidation products were present in both products. The SPC and WPC manufactured in this study had lower total volatiles and lower concentrations of many lipid oxidation compounds when compared with commercial WPC. Our results suggest that when SPC and WPC are manufactured under controlled conditions in a similar manner from the same milk using the same ultrafiltration equipment, there are few sensory differences but distinct compositional and physical property differences that may influence functionality. Furthermore, flavor (sensory and instrumental) properties of both pilot-scale manufactured protein powders were different from commercial powders suggesting the role of other influencing factors (e.g., milk supply, processing equipment, sanitation).
Editorial Vol.1(2) (2013)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i2.8401 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(2) 2013
A Comparison of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Text Retrieval (2006)

The growth of digital information increases the need to build better techniques for automatically storing, organizing and retrieving it. Much of this information is textual in nature and existing representation models struggle to deal with the high dimensionality of the resulting feature space. Techniques like latent semantic indexing address, to some degree, the problem of high dimensionality in information retrieval. However, promising alternatives, like random mapping (RM), have yet to be completely studied in this context. In this paper, we show that despite the attention RM has received in other applications, in the case of text retrieval it is outperformed not only by principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) but also by a simple noise reduction algorithm.
Notizen: A Pulsed Molecular Beam Microwave Fourier Transform Spectrometer with Parallel Molecular Beam and Resonator Axes (1990)

Abstract We report on first experiences with a pulsed molecular beam microwave Fourier transform spectrometer with parallel molecular beam and resonator axes. This setup shows up a high resolution and sensitivity.
Hierarchical Navigation Architecture and Robotic Arm Controller for a Sample Return Rover (2013)

This work presents a hierarchical navigation architecture and cascade classifier for sample search and identification on a space exploration rover. A three tier navigation architecture and inverse Jacobian based robot arm controller are presented. The algorithms are implemented on AERO, the Autonomous Exploration Rover, participating in the NASA Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge in 2013 and initial results are demonstrated.
Novel method for silicon quantum wire transistor fabrication (1999)

Local stress-limited oxidation was used to fabricate silicon quantum wire transistors with a channel diameter of 5 nm. The oxidation of source and drain regions was prevented with a silicon nitride diffusion barrier. A novel wraparound gate was used to improve the gate control of the potential in the channel. The electrical properties of these devices were investigated at room temperature. Ideal subthreshold behavior, with the subthreshold swing equal to 60.3 mV/dec, was observed.
Predictive Analytics Driven Campaign Management Support Systems (2015)

This paper uses design science research foundations to establish requirements for predictive analytics-driven Campaign Management Support Systems (CMSS). We assert the "campaign" as the unit of analysis for these systems, because campaign management is central to the marriage of marketing resource management and the ideals of demand/customer-driven supply chains. Current CMMS are fragmented, disconnected and batch-oriented - they are not enterprise-centric. They do not address governance, integrated deployment or the risk of unexpected consequences of campaigns gone awry. However, they should given examples of recent campaign failures at Target and other companies. Further, they do not support domain specific performance measurement and monitoring. We develop requirements for CMSS. We provide a conceptual architecture and monitoring engine. The architecture and engine are founded in vigilant information systems design theory. The CMSS design builds on earlier research in a predictive analytics deployment methodology called "DEEPER".
San Mateo County Place-Naming (1964)

MATEO COUNTY lies just south of San Francisco, and consists of 454 square miles of central California. The writer has collected approximately 1,100 names, no,v or once used for landmarks in the county. 2 It is hard to summarize such a study. On the one hand, any systematic findings, however limited, should be of interest. On the other, a discussion that limits itself to well-known names, or even to difficult or methodologically interesting ones, leaves too much untouched. A purely anecdotal presentation of raw material is sometime8 felt to be as useful as any. The approach of the present article, however, is to apply a few general points of inquiry to the material, and to use some of its more interesting examples as illustration -all in an exploratory way.
SLINK: An optimally efficient algorithm for the single-link cluster method (1973)

The SLINK algorithm carries out single-link (nearest-neighbour) cluster analysis on an arbitrary dissimilarity coefficient and provides a representation of the resultant dendrogram which can readily be converted into the usual tree-diagram. The algorithm achieves the theoretical order-of-magnitude bounds for both compactness of storage and speed of operation, and makes the application of the single-link method feasible for a number of OTU's well into the range 103 to 104. The algorithm is easily programmable in a variety of languages including FORTRAN.
Simultaneous Determination of Codeine, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, and 6-Acetylmorphine in Urine, Serum, Plasma, Whole Blood, and Meconium by LC-MS-MS (2007)

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for simultaneous analysis of six major opiates in urine, serum, plasma, whole blood, and meconium is described. The six opiates included are codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM). The method was compared to an in-house gas chromatography (GC)-MS method and an LC-MS-MS method performed by another laboratory. The sample preparation time was decreased by eliminating the glucuronide hydrolysis and derivatization required for GC-MS analysis, as well as by adapting the solid-phase extraction to elute directly into autosampler vials. These improvements illustrate the advantages of an LC-MS-MS method over a GC-MS method for opiates. The structural similarity of these six opiates and others in the opiate class causes a high potential for interference and false-positive results. Twelve opiate analogues and metabolites were evaluated for interference. The potential for interference was reduced by altering the MRM transitions chosen for the six opiates. The increased specificity of LC-MS-MS decreased the interference rate in urine to 3.9% compared to 13.6% on the in-house GC-MS method. The rate of positivity for 6-AM in meconium is described for the first time. In urine, 11.0% of morphine positive specimens were also positive for 6-AM compared to 8.3% in serum/plasma and 0.9% in meconium. Although 6-AM is infrequent in meconium, it provides a definitive proof of illegal heroin abuse by the pregnant mother. This method has been routinely used in our laboratory over the last 6 months on more than 1500 patient specimens.
Analysis of TTL-Based Consistency in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks (2008)

Consistency maintenance is important to the sharing of dynamic contents in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The TTL-based mechanism is a natural choice for maintaining freshness in P2P content sharing. This paper investigates TTL-based consistency maintenance in unstructured P2P networks. In this approach, each replica is assigned an expiration time beyond which the replica stops serving new requests unless it is validated. While TTL-based consistency is widely explored in many client-server applications, there has been no study on TTL-based consistency in P2P networks. Our main contribution is an analytical model that studies the search performance and the freshness of P2P content sharing under TTL-based consistency. Due to the random nature of request routing, P2P networks are fundamentally different from most existing TTL-based systems in that every node with a valid replica has the potential to serve any other node. We identify and discuss the factors that affect the performance of P2P content sharing under TTL-based consistency. Our results indicate a tradeoff between search performance and freshness: the search cost decreases sublinearly with decreasing freshness of P2P content sharing. We also compare two types of unstructured P2P networks and find that clustered P2P networks improve the freshness of content sharing over flat P2P networks under TTL-based consistency.
Functional conservation of mouse Notch receptor family members (1996)

All the known members of the mouse Notch receptor family were examined for their biochemical function by interaction with a DNA binding protein RBP-Jkappa. mNotch2, mNotch3 and int3 (= mNotch4) were shown to interact with RBP-Jkappa by the GST-fusion pull down assay and dominant negative competition with Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 2. Furthermore the intracellular region of int3 was shown to transactivate the Epstein Barr virus TP1 promoter. These results indicate that all mouse Notch family members have biochemical functions similar to mNotch1, which transduces proliferative signal by direct interaction with the DNA binding protein RBP-Jkappa.