gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bcl-2 family members do not inhibit apoptosis by binding the caspase activator Apaf-1 (1999)

The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulates apoptosis, the cell death program triggered by activation of certain proteases (caspases). An attractive model for how Bcl-2 and its closest relatives prevent caspase activation is that they bind to and inactivate an adaptor protein required for procaspase processing. That model has been supported by reports that mammalian prosurvival Bcl-2 relatives bind the adaptor Apaf-1, which activates procaspase-9. However, the in vivo association studies reported here with both overexpressed and endogenous Apaf-1 challenge this notion. Apaf-1 could be immunoprecipitated together with procaspase-9, and the Apaf-1 caspase-recruitment domain was necessary and sufficient for their interaction. Apaf-1 did not bind, however, to any of the six known mammalian prosurvival family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bcl-w, A1, Mcl-1, or Boo), or their viral homologs adenovirus E1B 19K and Epstein-Barr virus BHRF-1. Endogenous Apaf-1 also failed to coimmunoprecipitate with endogenous Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L), or with two proapoptotic relatives (Bax and Bim). Moreover, apoptotic stimuli did not induce Apaf-1 to bind to these family members. Thus, the prosurvival Bcl-2 homologs do not appear to act by sequestering Apaf-1 and probably instead constrain its activity indirectly.
Model data management (2005)

Software Configuration Management and Product Data Management systems have been developed independently, but recently the need to integrate them to support multidisciplinary development environments has been recognised. Due to the difference in maturity levels of these disciplines, integration efforts have had limited success in the past. This paper examines how the move towards model-based development in software engineering is bringing the discipline closer to hardware development, permitting a tighter integration of their data management systems. An architecture for a Model Data Management system that supports model-based development is presented. The system aims to generically handle the models produced by the different tools during the development of software-intensive, yet multidisciplinary, products. The proposed architecture builds on existing technologies from the mature discipline of mechanical engineering, while borrowing new ideas from the software domain.
Uncoupling in the expression of platelet GP IIb/IIIa in human endothelial cells and K562 cells: absence of immunologic crossreactivity between platelet GP IIb and the vitronectin receptor alpha chain [see comments] (1988)

Platelet glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa exist as noncovalently associated Ca++-dependent heterodimer complexes within the platelet membrane and express the major platelet alloantigens Leka (Baka) and PIA1 (Zwa), which are genetic markers of GP IIb and GP IIIa, respectively. Since heterodimers immunologically related to platelet GP IIb/IIIa have been identified in a number of nucleated cell types, we tested anti-Leka and anti-PIA1 antiserum, polyclonal anti-platelet GP IIb/IIIa IgG, as well as a panel of 28 monoclonal anti-GP IIb, GP IIIa, or complex dependent anti-GP IIb/IIIa antibodies on endothelial cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the erythroleukemic cells HEL and K562 in order to determine whether nucleated cell GP IIb/IIIa related proteins and platelet GP IIb/IIIa are immunologically related. Using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation experiments, evidence is presented that (1) the alloantigen Leka is not expressed in endothelial cells of an individual whose platelets are of the Leka/PIA1 phenotype, whereas the PIA1 alloantigen is readily detectable in these cells, (2) that in contrast to HEL cells, which express platelet GP IIb/IIIa and are of the Leka/PIA1 phenotype, platelet GP IIb is immunologically undetectable in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated K562 cells despite the presence of platelet GP IIIa, and (3) that peripheral blood mononuclear cells do not express platelet GP IIb or GP IIIa on their cell surface.
Hacking smart machines with smarter ones: How to extract meaningful data from machine learning classifiers (2016)

Machine-learning ML enables computers to learn how to recognise patterns, make unintended decisions, or react to a dynamic environment. The effectiveness of trained machines varies because of more suitable ML algorithms or because superior training sets. Although ML algorithms are known and publicly released, training sets may not be reasonably ascertainable and, indeed, may be guarded as trade secrets. In this paper we focus our attention on ML classifiers and on the statistical information that can be unconsciously or maliciously revealed from them. We show that it is possible to infer unexpected but useful information from ML classifiers. In particular, we build a novel meta-classifier and train it to hack other classifiers, obtaining meaningful information about their training sets. Such information leakage can be exploited, for example, by a vendor to build more effective classifiers or to simply acquire trade secrets from a competitor's apparatus, potentially violating its intellectual property rights.
Declining Adrenal Androgens: An Association with Bone Loss in Aging Women (1987)

Bone loss in aging women is a major contributing factor to the onset of osteoporosis. To determine whether a decline in adrenal androgen output might be important in the loss of bone with age, we studied a highly selected group of 14 women, average age 70, and measured adrenal androgens in relationship to trabecular bone density. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were used as a marker of adrenal sex steroid output while quantitative, computerized tomography was used to determine trabecular bone density. Our results showed that both bone density (r = -0.69, P less than 0.01) and DHEAS levels (r = -0.68, P less than 0.01) declined with age, and that DHEAS was positively correlated with bone density (r = 0.66, P = 0.01). These data emphasize the association of declining adrenal sex steroid production with declining bone density during the process of aging.
Mound-builders (2008)

Mound-builders are unique in being the only birds that do not incubate their eggs using body heat; rather, a variety of naturally occurring sources of heat is exploited such as solar energy and the heat generated by decomposing organic matter. This book shows how this remarkable adaptation influences every part of these birds’ lives, including the development of the embryo, the parentless life of the hatchlings, their social organisation and their survival. Twenty-two species of mound-builders exist within the Megapode family. Mound-builders examines the three occurring in Australia: the Scrubfowl in the humid tropics; the Brush turkey in dense forested areas from Cape York to Sydney; and most remarkable of all, the Malleefowl in the arid interior. Scientific interest in these birds has increased considerably in recent decades, and Mound-builders summarises many significant discoveries. With a strong emphasis on conservation and changing interactions between mound-builders and people, this is an excellent introduction to one of the most unusual bird families.
sprinkler Volume Mean Droplet Diameter as a Function of Pressure (1989)

ABSTRACT Afinite difference numerical model was developed to determine the volume mean droplet diameter at any distance from a sprinkler as a function of nozzle size and pressure. An empirically derived drag coefficient, which incorporates nozzle diameter and pressure, was incorporated in the model. Droplet size data from a medium size impact sprinkler fitted with nozzles of diameters 4.0 mm (5/32 in.) and 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) were utilized to establish the drag coefficient. The model was verified with the same sprinkler using two other nozzle sizes - 3.6 mm (9/64 in.) and 4.4 mm (11/64 in.). A total of 140 indoor tests were conducted. Pressures between 69 kPa (10 psi) and 414 kPa (60 psi) at 28 kPa (4 psi) increments were evaluated using 4.0 mm (5/32 in.) and 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) circular and 3.5 mm (9/64 in.) square nozzles. Nozzle pressure had a major influence on droplet size: higher pressure promoted smaller droplets over the entire application profile. The volume mean droplet diameter of total water applied as a function of nozzle size and pressure were determined.
Handoff protocols in JD-CDMA (2002)

In the early 1990s investigations towards an air interface for UMTS and IMT-2000 started at the Research Group for RF Communications. The result is the JD-CDMA air interface, which formed the basis of the UMTS air interface mode TD-CDMA. JD-CDMA uses a combination of the multiple access schemes FDMA, TDMA and CDMA, in which signal separation is performed by joint detection (JD). To prove the performance and the feasibility of JD-CDMA a hardware demonstrator was build by the Research Group for RF Communications and Siemens AG. The JD-CDMA implementation for the demonstrator adopts the philosophy of the de facto world standard GSM to an extent as large as possible. The paper investigates which extensions of existing GSM handoff protocols are necessary to support a multiple cell JD-CDMA hardware demonstrator.
Hemorrhagic Complications of Microelectrode-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation (2003)

The overall risk of intraoperative or early postoperative symptomatic hemorrhage with microelectrode-guided DBS, over all targets, was 1.4% per lead implant. The brain target had a significant effect on the risk of hemorrhage.
Data acquisition and quality analysis of 3-dimensional fingerprints (2009)

This paper introduces a new technology of non-contact 3D fingerprint capture and processing for higher quality fingerprint data acquisition. The system relies on a real-time 3D sensor using structured light illumination (SLI), which generates both texture and detailed ridge depth information. The high resolution 3D scans are then converted into flat equivalent images. As a result, many limitations imposed upon conventional fingerprint capture and processing can be reduced by the unobtrusiveness of this approach and the extra depth information acquired. The image quality is evaluated and analyzed using NIST fingerprint image software. A comparison is performed between the unraveled 3D fingerprints and their 2D plain counterparts in terms of fingerprint quality.
Enhancement-Mode GaN MIS-HEMTs With LaHfO<sub>x</sub>Gate Insulator for Power Application (2017)

This letter reports an E-mode GaN MIS-HEMT using a composite La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate insulator for power device applications. The composite dielectric formed an amorphous LaHfOx layer after post-deposition annealing. The GaN MIS-HEMT with amorphous LaHfOx gate dielectric showed good oxide film quality and excellent HfLaOx/GaN interface properties, as demonstrated by the measured C-V characteristics. Consequently, the E-mode MIS-HEMT was determined to show good V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> stability with only a slight increase in the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> after high drain bias stress.
A 3-D integrated macro and microcellular propagation model, based on the use of photogrammetric terrain and building data (2002)

This paper describes a fully three-dimensional deterministic propagation model based on a radar cross-section analysis of terrain pixels and building walls. The model utilises a variable resolution terrain database as well as a buildings database to predict signal strength, time dispersion and fading information, in addition to providing spatial information (e.g. arrival angles) for the propagation channel. It considers scattering from illuminated terrain pixels and building walls as well as considering off-axis terrain and rooftop diffraction contributions. The model can be particularly useful for integrating macrocells and microcells e.g. predicting interference in a microcell due to a nearby macrocell or vice versa. Signal strength predictions from the model show good agreement with narrowband measurements for a rural macrocell. The effects of buildings and foliage in the propagation channel are investigated, and reveal that large errors can result if these effects are ignored. The accuracy improvement of the 3-D analysis over the simpler 2-D approach is also demonstrated.
Longitudinal metagenomic profiling of bovine milk to assess the impact of intramammary treatment using a third-generation cephalosporin (2016)

Antimicrobial usage in food animals has a direct impact on human health, and approximately 80% of the antibiotics prescribed in the dairy industry are used to treat bovine mastitis. Here we provide a longitudinal description of the changes in the microbiome of milk that are associated with mastitis and antimicrobial therapy. Next-generation sequencing, 16 S rRNA gene quantitative real-time PCR, and aerobic culturing were applied to assess the effect of disease and antibiotic therapy on the milk microbiome. Cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis associated with Gram-negative pathogens or negative aerobic culture were randomly allocated into 5 days of Ceftiofur intramammary treatment or remained as untreated controls. Serial milk samples were collected from the affected quarter and the ipsilateral healthy quarter of the same animal. Milk from the mastitic quarter had a higher bacterial load and reduced microbial diversity compared to healthy milk. Resolution of the disease was accompanied by increases in diversity indexes and a decrease in pathogen relative abundance. Escherichia coli-associated mastitic milk samples had a remarkably distinct bacterial profile, dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, when compared to healthy milk. However, no differences were observed in culture-negative mastitis samples when compared to healthy milk. Antimicrobial treatment had no significant effect on clinical cure, bacteriological cure, pathogen clearance rate or bacterial load.
Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Protein kinase C and oncoprotein Bcl-2 are involved in regulation of apoptosis in non-transformed rat vascular smooth muscle cells. (1994)

We examined the effect of several inhibitors/activators of various protein kinases on the proliferation and apoptosis of nontransformed rat coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). As expected, all the compounds (calphostin C, KT5720, KT5823, verapamil, W7, and dibutyryl-cAMP) inhibited SMC proliferation, as judged by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Three (calphostin C, verapamil and dibutyryl-cAMP) of the six compounds caused occurrence of the classical apoptotic morphology in SMC. The effect of calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, was examined in more detail due to the known involvement of this kinase in regulation of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. In SMC cultures exposed for 1, 2, and 3 days to 0.1 mumol/L calphostin C, 7 +/- 1%, 32 +/- 3%, and 29 +/- 3% of cells underwent apoptosis, respectively, as assessed by cell morphology (control cultures had 1 to 3% of apoptotic cells). The effect of calphostin C was transient in that on day 6 following exposure to this compound the number of apoptotic cells declined to control values. Simultaneous with the induction of apoptotic morphology in SMC, a decline was seen (within 24 hours) in expression of the oncoprotein Bcl-2 in morphologically nonapoptotic SMC. An altered distribution of Bcl-2 was seen in the apoptotic cells. The calphostin C-induced generation of apoptotic cells in SMC cultures and the decline/alteration of Bcl-2 expression were not accompanied by degradation of DNA into nucleosomal fragments. In conclusion, normal, nontransformed rat coronary artery vascular SMC undergo apoptosis when exposed to an inhibitor of protein kinase C (calphostin C), to a calcium channel blocker (verapamil), and to a stimulator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (dibutyryl-cAMP). The induction of apoptosis by the inhibitor of protein kinase C is accompanied by alterations in the Bcl-2 expression but not by DNA fragmentation.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the angiotensin peptides (1982)

The mass spectra obtained from angiotensins I and II (a decapeptide and an octapeptide, respectively) are presented. Both positive and negative ion spectra are obtained using fast atom bombardment. The sequence information obtained is confirmed by metastable scanning and by the analysis of acetyl derivatives of these peptides.
Clinical Correlates of Interferon Production in Patients with Tuberculosis (1997)

To determine if the capacity to produce interferon (IFN) gamma is related to the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis, we correlated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with clinical, radiographic, and laboratory variables for 63 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients and 43 HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis. For HIV-negative patients whose chest radiographs showed moderately advanced disease, the mean IFN-gamma concentration +/- SD was 1,639 +/- 388 pg/mL, whereas that for patients with far-advanced disease was 327 +/- 100 pg/mL (P = .0001). For HIV-infected patients who had only pleuropulmonary disease, the mean IFN-gamma concentration was 1,002 +/- 257 pg/mL, whereas that for patients with disease outside the lungs and pleura was 149 +/- 55 pg/mL (P = .0004). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the radiographic extent of disease and the site of disease were the only independent predictors of IFN-gamma production in HIV-negative and HIV-infected patients (P < or = .001). We conclude that reduced IFN-gamma production by PBMCs is a marker of severe tuberculosis in both HIV-negative and HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis.
The Current Scene (2014)

Abstract This chapter provides a brief background of the book, the collective contributions of modern pioneers of visual cognition. The book covers topics from spatial vision to the study of context, from rapid perception to emotion, from attention to memory, from psychology to computational neuroscience, and from single neurons to the human brain. The rest of the chapter provides a snapshot of visual recognition and the visual world, citing examples on scene understanding and the challenges in spatial vision. It points out that people store scene memories and their regularities in memory structures that are enhanced and fine-tuned with experience. It also notes that the brain combines different scene views across eye movements to fully understand and perceive the surroundings.
Block Quantization of Correlated Gaussian Random Variables (1963)

The paper analyzes a procedure for quantizing blocks of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> correlated Gaussian random variables. A linear transformation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(P)</tex> first converts the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> dependent random variables into <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> independent random variables. These are then quantized, one at a time, in optimal fashion. The output of each quantizer is transmitted by a binary code. The total number of binary digits available for the block of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> symbols is fixed. Finally, a second <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N \times N</tex> linear transformation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(R)</tex> constructs from the quantized values the best estimate (in a mean-square sense) of the original variables. It is shown that the best choice of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</tex> is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R = p^{-1}</tex> , regardless of other considerations. If <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R = P^{-1}</tex> , the best choice for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> is the transpose of the orthogonal matrix wich diagonalizes the moment matrix of the original (correlated) random variables. An approximate expression is obtained for the manner in which the available binary digits should be assigned to the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> quantized variables, i.e., the manner in which the number of levels for each quantizer should be chosen. The final selection of the optimal set of quantizers then becomes a matter of a few simple trials. A number of examples are worked out and substantial improvements over single sample quantizing are attained with blocks of relatively short length.
Tropical Cyclone Trend Analysis Using Enhanced Parallel Coordinates and Statistical Analytics (2009)

Abstract This work presents, via an in-depth case study on how parallel coordinates coupled with statistical analysis can be used for more effective knowledge discovery and confirmation in complex, environmental data sets. Advanced visual interaction techniques such as dynamic axis scaling, conjunctive parallel coordinates, statistical indicators, and aerial perspective shading are combined into an interactive geovisual analytics system. Moreover, the system facilitates statistical processes such as stepwise regression and correlation analysis to assist in the identification and quantification of the most significant predictors for a particular dependent variable. Using a systematic workflow, this approach is demonstrated via a North Atlantic hurricane climate study in close collaboration with a domain expert. By revealing several important physical associations, the case study confirms that the visual analytics approach facilitates a deeper understanding of multidimensional climate data sets when compared to traditional techniques.
Specificity and sensitivity of a rapid dipstick test (Brugia Rapid) in the detection of Brugia malayi infection (2001)

A total of 753 serum samples from 6 institutions in 3 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia and India) were used to evaluate an immunochromatographic rapid dipstick test, Brugia Rapid, for diagnosis of Brugia malayi infection. The samples comprised sera from 207 microfilaria-positive individuals and 546 individuals from filaria non-endemic areas. The latter consisted of 70 individuals with soil-transmitted helminth infections, 68 with other helminth infections, 238 with protozoan infections, 12 with bacterial and viral infections and 158 healthy individuals. The dipstick is prepared with a goat anti-mouse antibody control line and a B. malayi recombinant-antigen test line. First, the dipstick is dipped into a well containing diluted patient serum, thus allowing specific anti-filarial antibody in the serum to react with the recombinant antigen. Then the dipstick is placed into an adjacent well containing reconstituted anti-human IgG4-gold. After 10 min, development of 2 red-purplish lines denotes a positive result and one line indicates a negative reaction. The overall results of the evaluation showed 97% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 97% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value. Brugia Rapid is thus a promising diagnostic tool for detection of B. malayi infection, and would be especially useful for the brugian filariasis elimination programme.