gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dye alignment in luminescent solar concentrators: II Horizontal alignment for energy harvesting in linear polarizers (2010)

We describe Linearly Polarized Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LP-LSCs) to replace conventional, purely absorptive, linear polarizers in energy harvesting applications. As a proof of concept, we align 3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-N,N-diethylumbelliferylamine (Coumarin 6) and 4-dicyanomethyl-6-dimethylaminostiryl-4H-pyran (DCM) dye molecules linearly in the plane of the substrate using a polymerizable liquid crystal host. We show that up to 38% of the photons polarized on the long axis of the dye molecules can be coupled to the edge of the device for an LP-LSC based on Coumarin 6 with an order parameter of 0.52.
Neuron specific enolase promoter for suicide gene therapy in small cell lung carcinoma. (2001)

To investigate the specific transduction of a suicide gene into human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells, we explored the promoter region of the neuron specific enolase (NSE) gene as a tumor-specific promoter. In Northern blot analysis, NSE mRNA was expressed more abundantly in the SBC3 human SCLC cell line than in the RERF human SCLC cell line, the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and the HeLa human uterine cervix epitheloid carcinoma cell line. A reporting vector containing the NSE promoter (pNSE-LUC) exhibited higher luciferase activity in SBC3 than in the other three cell lines. After transfecting an expression vector containing the NSE promoter-bound HSV-TK gene (pNSE-TK) into the cells, we measured their sensitivity to ganciclovir (GCV). In SBC3, pNSE-TK transfected cells showed about the same sensitivity to GCV as non-transfected (parental) cells. Though the NSE promoter itself is not optimal for use in suicide gene transfer to SCLC cells, it might be applied as a tumor-specific promoter after enhancement of its activity.
A Cellular Automata based test scheme for TSVs in 3D ICs (2012)

A three-dimensional (3D) IC containing multiple dies, connected by through silicon vias (TSV) offers many benefits over current 2D ICs. Reliability and accuracy of 3D integration using thousands of TSVs has to be ensured. However, 3D testing has found to be more difficult compared to that of 2D. This work proposes an elegant test scheme for high speed stuck-at-fault detection in such a system. It ensures a quick decision on the presence of faults in TSVs with just a single comparison. The solution is based on the modular structure of Cellular Automata (CA). A special class of CA referred to as the SACA (single length single cycle attractor cellular automata) has been introduced to achieve a cost-effective realization of the hardware. The SACA based unconventional scheme ensures minimum computation, easy hardware implementation of the test logic, as well as high scalability.
Hetero‐Cope‐Umlagerungen, III Vinylindole durch Hetero‐Cope‐Umlagerung (1985)

Abstract Die Reaktion von N ‐Phenylnitronen 1 mit acceptorsubstituierten Allenen 2 führt via Addition und [3,3]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung in Abhängigkeit vom Acceptor zu unterschiedlichen Produkten. So erhält man mit (Propadienyl)(trichlormethyl)sulfoxid 2‐substituierte Indole 8a, 8b und 10 . Mit (Phenyl)(propadienyl)sulfon wird ein Tetrahydro‐1‐benzazepin‐4‐onderivat 4a gebildet. Umsetzungen mit Allencarbonitril liefern über einen Mehrstufenprozeß direkt diverse 2‐Vinyl‐indole des Typs 6 . Zwischenprodukte ließen sich nicht isolieren.
Channel adaptation for time-varying powerline channel and noise synchronized with AC cycle (2009)

Broadband Power Line Communications (PLC) technology allows the usage of electrical power supply networks for communications purposes, such as audio/video streaming and broadband internet access. The powerline has an inherent characteristic that is the cyclic variation of channel and noise with the phase of the AC line cycle. To achieve either high throughput or high robustness, we apply dynamic channel adaptation scheme that exploits the cyclic variation of powerline characteristics. In this paper, we introduce an expedient, dynamic channel adaptation which is robust against the short-time variation of the AC synchronized powerline channel and noise. We analyze the performance enhancement for the measured powerline channel and noise when the proposed adaptation scheme is applied to the Korean standard on high speed powerline communications.
Relationships between Leaf‐Blade Nitrogen and Relative Seedcotton Yields (2003)

Nitrogen fertilization is a required production practice for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) with risks arising from under‐ and over‐fertilization. Tissue testing for diagnosing N deficiencies in crops can use leaf blades and the total N concentration, but this practice has not been rigorously examined in cotton. The primary objective of these experiments was to determine the leaf‐N concentration of the uppermost, fully mature leaf blade below which yield loss could be expected. Nitrogen‐rate field experiments were conducted at 12 research station and farm sites in the Midsouth USA in Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama in 1996 and 1997. Leaf‐blade total N concentrations associated with yield loss were 4.3% N at early bloom ( R 2 = 0.50) and 4.1% N at mid‐bloom (3 wk after early bloom, R 2 = 0.32). The likelihood of applying N when not needed could be reduced by lowering the early bloom critical value to 3.9%. Only 4% of all samples sufficient in N would have been incorrectly diagnosed N deficient at that critical value, but 44% of all deficient samples would have been misidentified as N sufficient. Reduced yields due to over application of N were evident in some samples with leaf N between 4.6 and 4.8% at early bloom. These concentrations were also common for N‐sufficient plants, making accurate diagnoses of the over application of N unlikely. Our leaf‐N critical values probably differ from previously established values because earlier values were derived via survey techniques and because faster fruiting cultivars may require higher leaf N.
Directional, shift-insensitive, complex wavelet transforms with controllable redundancy (2002)

Although the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a powerful tool for signal and image processing, it has three serious disadvantages. First, the DWT is shift sensitive because input-signal shifts generate unpredictable changes in DWT coefficients. Second, the DWT suffers from poor directionality because DWT coefficients reveal only three spatial orientations. Third, DWT analysis lacks the phase information that accurately describes non-stationary signal behavior. To overcome these disadvantages, we introduce the notion of projection-based complex wavelet transforms.\nThese two-stage, projection-based complex wavelet transforms consist of a projection onto a complex function space followed by a DWT of the complex projection. Unlike other popular transforms that also mitigate DWT shortcomings, the decou pled implementation of our transforms has two important advantages. First, the controllable redundancy of the projection stage offers a balance between degree of shift sensitivity and transform redundancy. This allows us to create a directional, non-redundant, complex wavelet transform with potential benefits for image coding systems. To the best of our knowledge, no other complex wavelet transform is simultaneously directional and non-redundant. The second advantage of our approach is the flexibility to use any DWT in the transform implementation. We exploit this flexibility to create the Complex Double-density DWT (CDDWT): a shift-insensitive, directional, complex wavelet transform with a low redundancy of 3m-12m-1 in m dimensions. To the best of our knowledge, no other transform achieves all these properties at a lower redundancy. Besides the mitigation of DWT shortcomings, our transforms have unique properties that will potentially benefit a variety of signal processing applications. As an example, we demonstrate that our projection-based complex wavelet transforms achieve state-of-the-art results in a seismic signal-processing application.
Access to Ultra‐High‐Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene) and Activity Boost in the Presence of Cyclopentene With Group 4 Bis‐Amido Complexes (2013)

Zr<sup>IV</sup> complexes of the type [Me<sub>2</sub> Si{(NR)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}ZrCl<sub>2</sub> ⋅thf] (R=tBu (4), adamantyl (7 a); thf=tetrahydrofuran), [Me<sub>2</sub> Si{(NAd)(6-{2-(diphenylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}ZrCl<sub>2</sub> ] (Ad=adamantyl (7 b)), the nonbridged half-titanocene complexes of the type [(N-{6-(2-diethylborylphenyl)pyrid-2-yl}-NR)Cp'TiCl<sub>2</sub> ] (R=Me, Cp'=C<sub>5</sub> H<sub>5</sub> (12), Cp'=C<sub>5</sub> Me<sub>5</sub> (13)), and the titanium(IV)-based metallocene-type complex [bis{N-(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyrid-2-yl)NMe}TiCl<sub>2</sub> ] (14) have been synthesized. The structures of complexes 7 b, 12, and 13 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution, complex 4 slowly rearranges to [Me<sub>2</sub> Si{(N-tBu)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}<sub>2</sub> Zr] (4 a), the structure of which was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Similarly, reaction of HfCl<sub>4</sub> with Me<sub>2</sub> Si({RNLi}{6-[2-(diethylboryl)phenyl]pyridyl-2-ylNLi}) yielded the corresponding Hf<sup>IV</sup> complexes [Me<sub>2</sub> Si{(NR)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-ylN)}<sub>2</sub> Hf] (R=tBu (8) and Ad (9)). Upon activation of these complexes with methylalumoxane (MAO), complexes 4, 7 a, 7 b, and 12-14 showed activities up to 750 kg of polyethylene (PE)/mol<sub>cat.</sub> bar h in the homopolymerization of ethylene (E), producing mainly linear PE (high-density PE, HDPE) with molecular weights in the range of 1 800 000<M<sub>n</sub> <4×10<sup>6</sup> g mol<sup>-1</sup> . In the copolymerization of E with cyclopentene (CPE), the polymerization activities of complexes 4, 7 a, and 7 b can be enhanced by a factor of 140 up to 7500 kg PE/mol<sub>cat.</sub> bar h, which produced PE-co-poly(CPE) containing 3.5 mol % of CPE. This dramatic increase in polymerization activity for E in the presence of CPE can be attributed to an involvement of CPE in the polymerization process rather than to solvent polarity.
A dynamic clustering model of wind farm based on the operation data (2015)

Due to the increasingly serious environmental problems in China, more and more renewable energy sources, especially wind power, have accessed to the power grid. The unpredictability and the stochastic volatility of wind power has given the power grid a huge challenge. The existing wind farm models may cause the scheduling usually adopt random wind turbine removal, whose effect is often not ideal, and may have the secondary stress on the power grid. In order to solve the problems in the existing models, this paper discusses the dynamic clustering model for the wind farm, where the modeling process is based on the actual wind speed operation data and contains a rolling update process. Through adopting a relatively mature clustering method and the hierarchical clustering method, the precision of the model is obviously improved and the complexity of the model is greatly reduced. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Regulation of CREB signaling through L-type Ca <sup>2+</sup> channels by Nipsnap-2 (2012)

A recent study identified Nipsnap1 as an auxiliary protein inhibiting TRPV6 ion channel activity. Based upon this finding, we investigated the role of Nipsnap1, and the closely related Nipsnap2, in Ca(2+) channel regulation. Here, we find that overexpression of Nipsnap2 caused a 45% increase in currents though L-type Ca(2+) channels in a neuronal cell line, while siRNA knockdown of Nipsnap2 greatly reduced L-type currents. The increased influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels due to Nipsnap2 overexpression led to increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) along with enhanced expression of several transcription factors and CREB target genes. These experiments highlight a novel role of Nipsnap2 in transcriptional regulation via L-type Ca(2+) channels.
Scenario analysis of demand in a technology market using leading indicators (2001)

This paper proposes an approach to analyzing demand scenarios in technology-driven markets where product demands are volatile, but follow a few identifiable lifecycle patterns. After examining a large amount of semiconductor data, we found that not only can products be clustered by lifecycle patterns, but in each cluster there exists a leading indicator product that provides advanced indication of changes in demand trends. Motivated by this finding, we propose a scenario analysis structure in the context of stochastic programming. Specifically, the demand model that results from this approach provides a mechanism for building a scenario tree for semiconductor demand. Using the Bass growth model and a Bayesian update structure, the approach streamlines scenario analysis by focusing on parametric changes of the demand growth model over time. The Bayesian structure allows expert judgment to be incorporated into scenario generation while the Bass growth model allows an efficient representation of time varying demands. Further, by adjusting a likelihood threshold, the method generates scenario trees of different sizes and accuracy. This structure provides a practical scenario analysis method for manufacturing demand in a technology market. We demonstrate the applicability of this method using real semiconductor data.
On errors-in-variables regression with arbitrary covariance and its application to optical flow estimation (2008)

Linear inverse problems in computer vision, including motion estimation, shape fitting and image reconstruction, give rise to parameter estimation problems with highly correlated errors in variables. Established total least squares methods estimate the most likely corrections Acirc and bcirc to a given data matrix [A, b] perturbed by additive Gaussian noise, such that there exists a solution y with [A + Acirc, b +bcirc]y = 0. In practice, regression imposes a more restrictive constraint namely the existence of a solution x with [A + Acirc]x = [b + bcirc]. In addition, more complicated correlations arise canonically from the use of linear filters. We, therefore, propose a maximum likelihood estimator for regression in the general case of arbitrary positive definite covariance matrices. We show that Acirc, bcirc and x can be found simultaneously by the unconstrained minimization of a multivariate polynomial which can, in principle, be carried out by means of a Grobner basis. Results for plane fitting and optical flow computation indicate the superiority of the proposed method.
<i>L5 System</i>: Line-Protection Switching (1974)

A new system has been designed to provide protection switching capability for the L5 repeatered line. This line-protection switching system, called lpss <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> , provides one standby line for protection of as many as 10 service carrying lines. Switching equipment is located in terminal, terminal main, and switching power-feed stations. Economic and reliability considerations allow switching spans of up to 150 miles. Either temperature pilot deviations or excessive total signal energy initiates automatic switching. Manual control of all switching functions is provided locally and via telemetry. A dedicated pcm signaling system maintains interstation switching system coordination. Identical information is transmitted in complem entary form over two adjacent L5 channels. Parity and complementary checking as well as automatic retransmission of failed codes enhances error immunity.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF IMMATURE MICE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF GONADOTROPHINS (1971)

Summary. Effects of gonadotrophin administration were investigated histologically in the testes of neonatal mice. The hormones used were human pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), containing 20% of luteinizing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg). fsh treatment increased the numbers of nuclei of spermatogonia and of Sertoli-cell precursors per mouse and caused an even greater increase in the volume of eosinophilic intratubular material. It is thought that the greater part of this material was syncytial cytoplasm of the Sertoli-cell precursors. Administration of hcg did not have these effects nor modify the effects of fsh treatment.
Optimizing and Automating Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling with the Micro-Flux Control Method (2008)

Abstract Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) is a drilling technique that has been used for over seven years in many wells where conventional drilling proved impossible or uneconomic1–5. PMCD is typically used to drill fractured carbonates, where the pore and fluid loss gradient are virtually the same, resulting in total mud losses and kicks in the same hole section. However, it is not restricted to just carbonates, it can be used on any fractured rock that is very competent in respect to wellbore stability, or formations prone to severe to total loss with good wellbore stability characteristic. Traditional PMCD typically requires the periodic injection of sometimes large volumes of weighted mud into the annulus in order to maintain a reliable mud cap. The process is highly cyclical, often unpredictable, and can be prohibitively expensive. The process also requires highly skilled and experienced people to run it properly, an increasingly rare commodity these days. Use of the Micro-Flux Control (MFC) method with PMCD could permit the process to be automated and controlled to a much higher level of accuracy, allowing less experienced people to confidently run the system. While continuously injecting across the wellhead, and using delta flow as the control variable, the casing back-pressure would be monitored. Casing pressure increases, indicating a loss of mud cap fluid downhole, would be automatically controlled by precise adjustment of the continuous delta flow, together with pressure monitoring, rather than by periodic injection of large volumes of fresh mud cap fluid. This paper will briefly describe the MFC method, rig up details and operational issues. It will also describe how to apply the procedure to automate and operationally enhance PMCD, explaining the benefits when compared to the use of current procedures. PMCD case histories will be reviewed, with illustrations of costs associated with the current process and a description of how the MFC is capable of simultaneously reducing risk and costs. This increased efficiency should allow PMCD to be used when economic factors restrict its use in accessing significant hydrocarbon reserves.
Comparison of adjuvant and streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in the rat (1999)

The goals of this chapter are to discuss rat adjuvant and streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis, both as animal models of chronic inflammation, and as relevant and predictive models of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The information which follows is intended to (1) provide the investigator with a detailed methodology for these two chronic models of inflammation, and (2) to review the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for which these models have historically been used to further our understanding of RA and its potential regulation by novel drugs. While these animal models have been extensively studied for over 30 years, the following information provides a rationale to better understand the similarities and differences of these models to RA. Furthermore, this chapter will describe how new technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be integrated with these “old” models to better predict clinical efficacy with the many new biological and immunomodulatory drugs currently in development.
Continuous probabilistic solutions to the biomagnetic inverse problem (1990)

A general method for obtaining continuous solutions to the biomagnetic inverse problem is outlined and illustrated with a wide range of test cases, in a variety of experimental geometries. Magnetic sources are discussed briefly, but the main emphasis is on ionic flows, both in free space and in a homogeneous conducting sphere. The authors describe a way of obtaining depth information from measurements taken in a single plane and show how instrumental noise affects the quality of the reconstructions. An iterative scheme is introduced, capable of pinpointing a number of localised sources with a minimum of prior assumptions. However, the method is most naturally adapted to distributed sources. A number of inversions of distributed sources demonstrate that the method is powerful, accurate and convenient.
GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in uveal melanoma (2014)

G-protein-coupled receptors signal through heterotrimeric G proteins, Gα and G-βγ, to manage numerous aspects of physiologic homeostasis. Many neoplastic processes harbor alterations in G-protein-coupled receptors and/or G-α proteins, best exemplified by recurrent activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanomas. This review will discuss the multiple activated signaling targets downstream of mutant GNAQ and GNA11 in uveal melanoma, including MEK, PI3-kinase/Akt, protein kinase C, and YAP. This knowledge has led to the rapid expansion of clinical trials that are specific to patients with uveal melanoma and promises future breakthroughs in therapies.
Antibody‐mediated bacterial clearance from the lower respiratory tract of mice requires complement component C3 (2003)

To assess the contribution of complement to respiratory immunity in the context of a natural bacterial infection, we used mice genetically deficient in complement components and the murine pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica. Complement component C3 was not required for the control of bacterial infection or for the generation of infection-induced protective immunity. However, C3-deficient (C3(-/-)) mice were severely defective, compared to wild type, in vaccine-induced protective immunity. Adoptively transferred immune serum from convalescent wild-type or C3(-/-) animals rapidly cleared B. bronchiseptica from the lungs of wild-type mice but did not affect its growth in C3(-/-) mice, indicating that the defect is not in the generation of protective immunity, but in its function. Immune serum was effective in C5-deficient mice but had little effect in the lungs of mice lacking either Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) or CR3, suggesting bacterial clearance is not via direct complement-mediated lysis. Together, these data indicate that complement is required for antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella and suggest the mechanism involves C3 opsonization of bacteria for phagocytosis that is both CR3- and FcgammaR-dependent.
Automatic Tool Path Generation for Robot Integrated Surface Sculpturing System (2008)

In this paper, a surface sculpturing system based on 8-axis robot is proposed, the CAD/CAM software and tool path generation algorithm for this sculpturing system are presented. The 8-axis robot is composed of a 6-axis manipulator and a 2-axis worktable, it carves block of polystyrene foams by heated cutting tools. Multi-DOF (Degree of Freedom) robot benefits from the faster fashion than traditional RP (Rapid Prototyping) methods and more flexibility than CNC machining. With its flexibility driven from an 8-axis configuration, as well as efficient custom-developed software for rough cutting and finish cutting, this surface sculpturing system can carve sculptured surface accurately and efficiently.