gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Electrochemical Nanopatterning of Polycarbazole Monomer and Precursor Polymer Films:  Ambient Formation of Thermally Stable Conducting Nanopatterns (2005)

The direct nanopatterning of polycarbazole on ultrathin films of a "precursor polymer" and monomer under ambient conditions is reported. In contrast to previous reports on electrochemical dip-pen nanolithography using monomer ink or electrolyte-saturated films in electrostatic nanolithography, these features were directly patterned on spin-cast films of carbazole monomer and poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) under room temperature and humidity conditions. Using a voltage-biased atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, electric-field-induced polymerization and cross-linking occurred with nanopatterning in these films. Different parameters, including writing speed and bias voltages, were studied to demonstrate line width and patterning geometry control. The conducting property (current-voltage (I-V) curves) of these nanopatterns was also investigated using a conducting-AFM (C-AFM) setup, and the thermal stability of the patterns was evaluated by annealing the polymer/monomer film above the glass transition (T(g)) temperature of the precursor polymer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which thermally stable conducting nanopatterns were drawn directly on monomer or polymer film substrates using an electrochemical nanolithography technique under ambient conditions.
Experimental feasibility study of water-filled capillary-pumped heat-transfer loops (1966)

Water-filled capillary pumped heat transfer loops for removal of waste heat from spacecraft power devices
Copigmentation of simple and acylated anthocyanins with colorless phenolic compounds (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopigmentation of simple and acylated anthocyanins with colorless phenolic compoundsA. J. Davies and G. MazzaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 5, 716–720Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00029a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00029a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views903Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Condensation of 1,2-dibenzoylcyclohexa-1,4-dienes. Synthesis of 1,3-diphenyl-substituted isoindoles, isobenzofurans, and isobenzothiophenes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of 1,2-dibenzoylcyclohexa-1,4-dienes. Synthesis of 1,3-diphenyl-substituted isoindoles, isobenzofurans, and isobenzothiophenesJames David White, M. E. Mann, H. D. Kirshenbaum, and A. MitraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 8, 1048–1053Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00807a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00807a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new driving and protective circuit of IGBT for motor drive application (2002)

A driving method is proposed such that the drive circuit for the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter can be highly integrated. This method employs a level shift circuit consisting of two power MOSFETs. The circuit configuration operation and test results of this method are described. A protective method for the IGBT against a short circuit accident is proposed. The characteristics of an IGBT at a short circuit accident are shown, and the protective method based on those characteristics is described. The configuration, operation, and test results of the gate drive circuit in which this protective function is incorporated are shown. The design concept of the snubber circuit employing this protective method against a short circuit accident is proposed, and the effectiveness of this design concept is proved by test results and simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D micro-porous conducting carbon beehive by single step polymer carbonization for high performance supercapacitors: the magic of in situ porogen formation (2013)

We report non-templated synthesis of interconnected microporous carbon (IMPC) sheets having beehive morphology by direct pyrolysis of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt in inert atmosphere without any activation. The presence of the alkali metal in the selected polymer precursor results in a high specific surface area of 1327 m2 g−1. Importantly, 80% of the pore volume is contributed by micropores with pore size ranging from 1–2 nm which is ideal for use as an electrode for supercapacitors. Whereas the rest of the surface area was contributed by a small fraction of mesopores and macropores due to the interconnected structure. The presence of three different types of pores make the material ideal for supercapacitor electrodes. IMPC was tested as an electrode in both aqueous and non-aqueous supercapacitors. All the aqueous measurements were done in 1 M H2SO4 solution with a potential window 1 V. A specific capacitance of 258 F g−1 was realized at a constant charge–discharge current of 0.5 A g−1 and it maintained at a value of 150 F g−1 at 30 A g−1. A long cycle stability of 90% capacitance retention was observed after 5000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. At the highest power density 13 600 W kg−1 the energy density was found to be 3.1 W h kg−1. Non aqueous performance was tested in the presence of 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate–di-methyl carbonate with 5 mg active material loading. A specific capacitance of 138 F g−1 was obtained at a current density of 0.25 A g−1 and it retained at a value of 100 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. The material can deliver an energy density of 31 W h kg−1 at its highest power density of 11 000 W kg−1 in a two electrode system based on active material loading.
A Closer Look into Two-Step Perovskite Conversion with X-ray Scattering (2015)

Recently, hybrid perovskites have gathered much interest as alternative materials for the fabrication of highly efficient and cost-competitive solar cells; however, many questions regarding perovskite crystal formation and deposition methods remain. Here we have applied a two-step protocol where a crystalline PbI2 precursor film is converted to MAPbI3-xClx perovskite upon immersion in a mixed solution of methylammonium iodide and methylammonium chloride. We have investigated both films with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to probe the inner film morphology. Our results demonstrate a strong link between lateral crystal sizes in the films before and after conversion, which we attribute to laterally confined crystal growth. Additionally, we observe an accumulation of smaller grains within the bulk in contrast with the surface. Thus, our results help to elucidate the crystallization process of perovskite films deposited via a two-step technique that is crucial for controlled film formation, improved reproducibility, and high photovoltaic performance.
Tag-Cloud Drawing: Algorithms for Cloud Visualization (2007)

Tag clouds provide an aggregate of tag-usage statistics. They are typically sent as in-line HTML to browsers. However, display mechanisms suited for ordinary text are not ideal for tags, because font sizes may vary widely on a line. As well, the typical layout does not account for relationships that may be known between tags. This paper presents models and algorithms to improve the display of tag clouds that consist of in-line HTML, as well as algorithms that use nested tables to achieve a more general 2-dimensional layout in which tag relationships are considered. The first algorithms leverage prior work in typesetting and rectangle packing, whereas the second group of algorithms leverage prior work in Electronic Design Automation. Experiments show our algorithms can be efficiently implemented and perform well.
Flow of a nematogen past a cylindrical micro-pillar (2012)

We study the flow of a nematic liquid crystal past a micron-sized cylindrical pillar within a microfluidic confinement of a rectangular cross-section. The liquid crystal molecules are anchored perpendicularly (homeotropic anchoring) to the surface of the pillar and the channel walls. Flow past the cylindrical obstacle generated topological defect structures whose nature, dimensions and morphology varied with the flow velocity and channel dimensions. On increasing the flow speed, we observed sequential evolution of a semi-integer loop, which transformed into an integer hedgehog defect, and finally equilibrated to an extended defect wall. On stopping the flow, the topological defect states reversed its sequence of appearance. Additionally, we introduce dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy as a general velocimetry technique for microfluidics of liquid crystal systems – with or without topological defect structures.
Inducible gene expression from the plastid genome by a synthetic riboswitch (2010)

Riboswitches are natural RNA sensors that regulate gene expression in response to ligand binding. Riboswitches have been identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes but are unknown in organelles (mitochondria and plastids). Here we have tested the possibility to engineer riboswitches for plastids (chloroplasts), a genetic system that largely relies on translational control of gene expression. To this end, we have used bacterial riboswitches and modified them in silico to meet the requirements of translational regulation in plastids. These engineered switches were then tested for functionality in vivo by stable transformation of the tobacco chloroplast genome. We report the identification of a synthetic riboswitch that functions as an efficient translational regulator of gene expression in plastids in response to its exogenously applied ligand theophylline. This riboswitch provides a novel tool for plastid genome engineering that facilitates the tightly regulated inducible expression of chloroplast genes and transgenes and thus has wide applications in functional genomics and biotechnology.
Multiple Operand Addition and Multiplication (1973)

The problem of adding k n-bit numbers, where k ≥ 3 is considered. A novel scheme for adding such k numbers is described. Applying the bit-partitioning technique so that each partition contains m bits of each of these k numbers, where m=[log2(k-1)] is an integer ≥ log2(k-1), the final sum can be obtained in m+1 addition cycles.
A NEW VASCULAR PROSTHESIS PRELIMINARY REPORT (1965)

Wesolowski, Sigmund A.; Fries, Charles C.; McMahon, James D.; Martinez, Alfred Author Information
Imputation and quality control steps for combining multiple genome-wide datasets (2014)

The electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE) network brings together DNA biobanks linked to electronic health records (EHRs) from multiple institutions. Approximately 51,000 DNA samples from distinct individuals have been genotyped using genome-wide SNP arrays across the nine sites of the network. The eMERGE Coordinating Center and the Genomics Workgroup developed a pipeline to impute and merge genomic data across the different SNP arrays to maximize sample size and power to detect associations with a variety of clinical endpoints. The 1000 Genomes cosmopolitan reference panel was used for imputation. Imputation results were evaluated using the following metrics: accuracy of imputation, allelic R (2) (estimated correlation between the imputed and true genotypes), and the relationship between allelic R (2) and minor allele frequency. Computation time and memory resources required by two different software packages (BEAGLE and IMPUTE2) were also evaluated. A number of challenges were encountered due to the complexity of using two different imputation software packages, multiple ancestral populations, and many different genotyping platforms. We present lessons learned and describe the pipeline implemented here to impute and merge genomic data sets. The eMERGE imputed dataset will serve as a valuable resource for discovery, leveraging the clinical data that can be mined from the EHR.
Design of Deep Stall Protection for the C-17A (1997)

The design of the C-17 angle-of-attack limiter system is presented. TheC-17, because of its T-tail, has a locked-in deep stall potential in some aft center of gravity con gurations. The angle-of-attack system uses alpha measurements from three pairs of vanes for precise angle-of-attack control and to prevent excursion into the deep stall region. The vanes, because of their locations, are sensitive to sideslip angle excursions in varyingdegrees, therefore, requiring sideslip angle information for proper failure monitoring.A method of synthesizing sideslip and angle of attack using the information from the vanes was developed. With the synthesized angle of attack and sideslip, it was possible to provide a minimumof fail-operational-fail-operationalcapabilitywith tight failure tolerance. After over 2000 stall tests and assaults to alpha limit, the pilot community has gained the con dence that the system will protect the C-17 from entering the locked-in deep stall region.
Quasi-analytical analysis of the broadband properties of multiconductor transmission lines on semiconducting substrates (2002)

The electrical properties of single and coupled transmission lines on semiconductor substrates are investigated. The analysis is based on analytical formulas for the frequency-dependent distributed line impedances and admittances. Using these formulas it is possible to characterize the broadband properties of transmission line systems with a minimal amount of computational effort. The validity of the calculated results is proved by comparison with full-wave analyses and experimental data gained from on-chip measurements. A discussion of the calculated line parameters as functions of frequency and substrate conductivity is given. Finally, the influence of the semiconducting substrate on the signal propagation in the time domain is demonstrated by two examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The<b>ade4</b>Package: Implementing the Duality Diagram for Ecologists (2007)

Multivariate analyses are well known and widely used to identify and understand structures of ecological communities. The ade4 package for the R statistical environment proposes a great number of multivariate methods. Its implementation follows the tradition of the French school of
The effect of raft lipid depletion on microvilli formation in MDCK cells, visualized by atomic force microscopy (2004)

We have investigated whether raft lipids of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells play any role in microvilli maintenance using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy. MDCK cells were treated to reduce the amount of sphingolipids, cholesterol, or both and subsequently imaged, in buffer solution, using AFM. It was observed that inhibition of either sphingolipid or cholesterol biosynthesis led to a reduction in the number of microvilli on the surface of MDCK cells. However, this effect was not uniform across the monolayer, with some cells resembling those in untreated controls. The subsequent extraction of cholesterol from cells grown in the presence of inhibitors led to a further reduction in microvilli on the surface of the cells and, in some cases, resulted in monolayers devoid of full length microvilli. Significantly, smaller spikes were observed on the surface of the smoother cells.
High-performance 450-GHz GaAs-based heterostructure barrier varactor tripler (2003)

In this letter, we report on the record performance of GaAs-based heterostructure barrier varactors (HBVs) in tripler circuits. Both fabrication technique of planar Al/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As/GaAs heterostructure barrier varactors (HBVs) and measurements of a corresponding tripler circuit are presented. Planar transmission lines on a thin dielectric membrane and flip-chip technique without air bridges provide reduced parasitic losses and, hence, higher tripler efficiency. Frequency tripler measurements have shown more than 1 mW at 450 GHz.
Direct aerial image measurement as a method of testing high numerical aperture microlithographic lenses (1993)

A method for testing high numerical aperture (NA) microlithographic lenses using direct aerial image measurements has been developed. By measuring contrast versus focus for dense line/space patterns, this system can quantify the amount of astigmatism, distortion, field curvature, and spherical aberration produced by a lens under test. Experimental results show high correlation with more traditional lens testing methods such as transmissive interferometry and evaluating exposed resist patterns. The lens used in these experiments is an 0.53 NA, 248 nm objective designed for imaging 0.35 μm features over a 31 mm diam field.
Compact acoustic modeling based on acoustic manifold using a mixture of factor analyzers (2013)

A compact acoustic model for speech recognition is proposed based on nonlinear manifold modeling of the acoustic feature space. Acoustic features of the speech signal is assumed to form a low-dimensional manifold, which is modeled by a mixture of factor analyzers. Each factor analyzer describes a local area of the manifold using a low-dimensional linear model. For an HMM-based speech recognition system, observations of a particular state are constrained to be located on part of the manifold, which may cover several factor analyzers. For each tied-state, a sparse weight vector is obtained through an iteration shrinkage algorithm, in which the sparseness is determined automatically by the training data. For each nonzero component of the weight vector, a low-dimensional factor is estimated for the corresponding factor model according to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, resulting in a compact state model. Experimental results show that compared with the conventional HMM-GMM system and the SGMM system, the new method not only contains fewer parameters, but also yields better recognition results.
Propagation of Measles Virus in Cultures of Chick Embryo Cells. (1958)

SummaryAn egg-adapted strain of measles virus has been propagated in cultures of chick embryo cells throughout 24 serial passages. Beginning with the 6th passage an abrupt decrease occurred in the time required to attain maximal concentration of virus in the fluid. The concentration of virus was comparable to that found in cultures of infected primate cells. In the 5th chick cell passage the virus began to produce cytopathic changes closely resembling those occurring in human epithelial cells infected with measles virus. The identity of the agent was confirmed in neutralization tests with measles antisera. In chick cells maintained with a medium of known composition virus production approached that in cultures nourished with serum and tissue extracts. Inoculation of rabbits with the virus propagated in chick cells was followed by development of neutralizing antibodies specific for the agent of measles.
Facile Synthesis of β-Keto Esters from Methyl Acetoacetate and Acid Chloride:  The Barium Oxide/Methanol System<sup>1</sup> (1998)

The synthesis of β-keto esters has been performed in good yield by reacting excess methyl acetoacetate with barium oxide, acylating the resulting barium complex with acid chloride, and then cleaving the α-acyl β-keto ester with methanol at a mild temperature. Using this new procedure, various β-keto esters were prepared. Thus, methyl 4-phenyl-3-oxobutanoate, methyl 3-phenyl-3-oxopropionate, methyl 4-cyclohexyl-3-oxobutanoate, and methyl 3-oxooctadecanoate were prepared from methyl acetoacetate and the corresponding acid chloride in 69%, 84%, 67%, and 74% yields, respectively.
The invected gene of Drosophila: sequence analysis and expression studies reveal a close kinship to the engrailed gene. (1987)

The invected and engrailed genes are juxtaposed in the Drosophila genome and are closely related in sequence and pattern of expression. The structure of the most abundant invected transcript was defined by obtaining the full-length cDNA sequence and by S1 nuclease sensitivity and primer extension studies; a partial sequence of the invected gene was determined; and the developmental profile of invected expression was characterized by Northern analysis and by in situ localization. The invected gene, like the engrailed gene, is expressed in the embryonic and larval cells of the posterior developmental compartments and in the embryonic hindgut, clypeolabrum, and nervous system. Like the engrailed gene, the invected gene can encode a protein of approximately 60 kD that contains a homeo box near its carboxyl terminus; indeed, a sequence of 117 amino acids in the carboxy-terminal region of both proteins is almost identical. The developmental role of the invected gene is not known.
Unique Epitope of Apolipoprotein A-I Expressed in Pre-.beta.-1 High-Density Lipoprotein and Its Role in the Catalyzed Efflux of Cellular Cholesterol (1994)

The ability of mouse anti-apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) monoclonal antibodies to recognize pre-beta-HDL species in native plasma was determined. An antibody identifying residues 137-144 of the mature protein uniquely recognized pre-beta-1 HDL, an HDL species of low molecular weight implicated in early cholesterol transport from cell membranes to plasma [Castro, G. R., & Fielding, C. J. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 25-29]. Incubation of plasma with this antibody significantly inhibited the efflux of labeled cholesterol from cultured fibroblast monolayers. A second antibody, binding to residues 93-99 of apo A-I, recognized a second pre-beta-HDL species (pre-beta-2 HDL) but not pre-beta-1 HDL and did not inhibit cholesterol efflux. Several other antibodies had broad specificity for HDL (including pre-beta-1 HDL). This research suggests that apo A-I residues 137-144 are adjacent to or part of a structural site in pre-beta-1 HDL active in promoting the efflux of cellular cholesterol and that this site is not exposed in other HDL species.