gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three neural network models using Wisconsin breast cancer database (2009)

A major class of problems in medical science involves the diagnosis of a disease based upon various tests performed upon the patient. Cancer is a complex and clinical heterogeneous disease. The research into the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has become an important issue for the scientific community. The objective of cancer classification is to design a classifier to categorize the tissue samples into pre-defined classes (e.g. tumor and normal) using the gene expression levels produced by micro array techniques. The automatic diagnosis of breast cancer is an important, real-world medical problem. This paper evaluates the three neural network models namely 1. Adaptive Resonance Theory Based Neural Network (ART), 2. Self Organizing Map Based Neural Network (SOM) and 3.Back Propagation Neural network (BPN) using the Wisconsin breast cancer database.
Government publications and maps: account of a merger (1994)

In these times of fiscal austerity, library personnel are frequently asked to consider consolidating reference service points. In Fall 1992, budgetary constraints necessitated the merger of the Government Publications and Maps Divisions at San Diego State University library. This paper provides a description and assessment of this merger
A Novel Process for Ultrasound‐Induced Radical Polymerization in CO<sub>2</sub>‐Expanded Fluids (2005)

Abstract Summary: A strong viscosity increase upon polymerization hinders cavitation and subsequent radical formation during an ultrasound‐induced bulk polymerization. In this work, ultrasound‐induced radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been performed in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA in order to reduce the viscosity of the reaction mixture. For this purpose, the phase behavior of CO 2 /MMA systems has been determined. With temperature oscillation calorimetry, the influence of CO 2 on the viscosity and on the reaction kinetics of ultrasound‐induced polymerizations of MMA has been studied. In contrast to polymerizations in bulk, this technique shows that a low viscosity is maintained during polymerization reactions in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA. As a consequence, a constant or even increasing polymerization rate is observed when pressurized CO 2 is applied. Moreover, the ultrasound‐induced polymer scission in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA is demonstrated, which appears to be a highly controlled process. Finally, a preliminary sustainable process design is presented for the production of 10 kg/h pure PMMA (specialty product) in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA by ultrasound‐induced initiation. Process flow diagram of the ultrasound‐induced polymerization of MMA in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA. magnified image Process flow diagram of the ultrasound‐induced polymerization of MMA in CO 2 ‐expanded MMA.
The <i>PLA2G6</i> gene in early‐onset Parkinson's disease (2011)

Future studies should investigate the prevalence of these SNPs in other PD populations and larger control groups and also address possible genetic alterations in the remaining parts of the PLA2G6 gene.
CLXX.—Carbazole-blue and carbazole-violet (1920)

M. Copisarow, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1920, 117, 1542 DOI: 10.1039/CT9201701542
Producing hydrogen from coals by using a method of reaction integrated novel gasification (HyPr-RING) (1999)

A new hydrogen production process, named HyPr-RING, has been proposed. Basic concept of this process is integration of water carbon reaction, water-gas shift reaction and CO{sub 2} absorption in a single reactor. At first thermodynamic analysis was done to judge the possibility of this process. By thermodynamic analysis, high pressure and temperature condition, such as 20 MPa and 1000K, is required to promote this integrated reaction. Experimental verification of this new process was done. As the results, integration of three reactions in a single reactor can be done successfully as estimated by thermodynamic analysis. Experiments showed that common organic materials including coal, heavy oil, biomass, plastics can be used in this process. In the gaseous phase, no pollutants are detected so that the gas cleanup system is not required for power generation when this process used. Theoretically, 1 mole of carbon generates 2 moles of hydrogen and cold gas efficiency of this process is estimated as more than 90 %. This process potentially reduces hydrogen production cost compared with the conventional hydrogen production methods.
Smart instruction codes for in-memory computing architectures compatible with standard SRAM interfaces (2018)

This paper presents the computing model for InMemory Computing architecture based on SRAM memory that embeds computing abilities. This memory concept offers significant performance gains in terms of energy consumption and execution time. To handle the interaction between the memory and the CPU, new memory instruction codes were designed. These instructions are communicated by the CPU to the memory, using standard SRAM buses. This implementation allows (1) to embed In-Memory Computing capabilities on a system without Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) modification, and (2) to finely interlace CPU instructions and in-memory computing instructions.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe casein kinase II alpha and beta subunits: evolutionary conservation and positive role of the beta subunit. (1994)

Casein kinase II is a key regulatory enzyme involved in many cellular processes, including the control of growth and cell division. We report the molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding the alpha and the beta subunits of casein kinase II of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cka1, the alpha catalytic subunit, shows high sequence similarity to alpha subunits identified in other species. The amino acid sequence of Ckb1, the S. pombe beta subunit, is 57% identical to that of the human beta subunit. Cka1 overexpression results in no detectable phenotype. In contrast, Ckb1 overexpression inhibits cell growth and cytokinesis, with formation of multiseptated cells. Disruption of the ckb1+ gene causes a cold-sensitive phenotype and abnormalities in cell shape. In these cells, the casein kinase II activity is reduced to undetectable levels, demonstrating that Ckb1 is required for enzyme activity in vivo. In agreement with this, the activity measured in a strain expressing high levels of Cka1 is enhanced only when the Ckb1 protein is coexpressed. Altogether, our data suggest that Ckb1 is a positive regulator of the enzyme activity, and that it plays a role in mediating the interaction of casein kinase II with downstream targets and/or with additional regulators.
Social Networking and Health (2013)

The rise of social networking has revolutionised how people communicate on a daily basis. In a world where more people are connecting to the internet, social networking services create an immediate communication link between users. Social networking sites provide multiple services which include emailing, instant messaging, uploading files, gaming and finding friends. Just as social networking has become a more popular method of communication in recent years, the ways in which people look after our health has also changed. People do not just rely singly on medical expert’s views anymore. They actively search for information on their own accord through the internet. Social Networking gives users both the option to gather, provide and comment on information. This research paper looks into if and how social networking can be successfully used within the health arena.
Inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reaction as a highly efficient chemoselective ligation procedure: Synthesis and function of a BioShuttle for temozolomide transport into prostate cancer cells (2009)

Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), insensitive to most cytostatic interventions, features low response rates and bad prognosis. Studies with HRPC treated with temozolomide (TMZ) showed a poor response and the results were discouraging. Therefore, TMZ has been considered to be ineffective for the treatment of patients with symptomatic and progressive HRPC. A solution to this problem is demonstrated in this study by combining proper solid-phase peptide synthesis and a chemoselective new 'click' chemistry based on the Diels-Alder reaction with 'inverse-electron-demand' (DAR(inv)) for the construction of a highly efficient TMZ-BioShuttle in which TMZ is ligated to transporter and subcellular address molecules. The transport to the targeted nuclei resulted in much higher efficiency and better pharmacological effects. The reformulation of TMZ to TMZ-BioShuttle achieved higher in vitro killing of prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, the potential of TMZ for the treatment of prostate tumors was dramatically enhanced even in a tenfold lower concentration than applied normally. This TMZ-BioShuttle may be well suited for combining chemotherapy with other cytostatic agents or radiation therapy.
SOLID STATE DETECTORS FOR CARBON MONOXIDE<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>*</sup></xref> (1975)

The mechanism by which a gas can produce an electrical conductivity change in a semiconductor is outlined. The resulting advantages and disadvantages in the use of metal oxide semiconductors in gas detection devices for carbon monoxide are described and ways of reducing the disadvantages are discussed.
Cleavage of the Serum Response Factor during Death Receptor-induced Apoptosis Results in an Inhibition of the c-FOS Promoter Transcriptional Activity (2000)

The c-FOS protooncogene is rapidly induced by a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogenic signals. Regulation of c-FOS expression is tightly dependent on the serum response element localized within its promoter. Two transcription factors, the serum response factor (SRF) and the ternary complex factor, bind to the serum response element and play a key role in the regulation of the c-FOS promoter activity. In the present study, we show that two death effectors (CH11 and TRAIL) severely impaired the transcriptional activity of the c-FOS promoter in Jurkat T cells. This inhibition can be accounted for by the specific cleavage by caspase 3 of the SRF both in vitro and in vivo, since acetyl-DEVD-aldehyde prevented SRF cleavage and abolished the inhibitory effect of CH11 and TRAIL on the c-FOS promoter activity. Moreover, phorbol myristate acetate, a potent anti-apoptotic effector, was found to protect SRF completely from cleavage by caspase 3 and also to prevent the inhibition of the c-FOS promoter activity by death effectors. Survival factors play an essential function in the regulation of cell growth mainly by regulating the expression of immediate early gene such as c-FOS. In this line, cleavage of SRF at the onset of apoptosis could abrogate the ability of the cell to induce inappropriate survival pathways. All together, our results are consistent with a role of SRF at the interface between cell survival and death pathways.
Real-Time Smoke Sensor for Diesel Engines (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a system for real-time smoke detection in diesel engines. Preliminary results are presented from a very simple sensor which detects the net charge level on smoke particles. There appears to be a useful correlation between the peak charge level and the Bosch smoke number. The mechanism by which the particulates is discussed, though no firm conclusions are reached.</div>
Cutting and polishing optical and electronic materials (1988)

This new edition of Fynn and Powell's highly successful The Cutting and Polishing of Electro-Optic Materials will serve as a practical 'hands on' guide to the machining of precision optical surfaces on optical and electronic materials. Clearly based on the sound experience and skills of the authors, the original book was quickly established as the standard work on this subject. This enlarged and updated edition covers several new materials and techniques. It describes shaping and measuring instruments and explains the practical details of the cutting, polishing, specimen handling and operations. Detailed directions are included for the working of over a hundred specific materials, ranging from robust solid state laser crystals to fragile semiconducting compounds. The title reflects a wealth of experience gathered in Government Research Establishments which specialise in making new materials and includes information which is not readily available elsewhere. Sufficient detail is provided for readers to construct and use the equipment in their own production laboratories. Primarily intended for technicians working with optical and electronic materials it is also relevant to optical devices, metallography, ceramics, geology, gemstones, metrology and production engineering.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor‐mediated Selective Cytotoxicity of Antitumor Agents toward Human Xenografts and Murine Syngeneic Solid Tumors (1989)

Severe toxic side effects of antiproliferative agents limit their clinical usefulness as antitumor drugs. Recently we observed that the antitumor efficacy of various antitumor agents (5-fluorouracil, tegafur, adriamycin, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin) against experimental solid tumors was enhanced by prior or simultaneous administration of human epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, coadministration of EGF did not enhance the toxicity of antitumor agents as measured by LD50 and body weight loss. The above selective potentiation of efficacy of the antitumor agents by human EGF can be characterized as follows. In a dose-dependent manner, human EGF enhanced the efficacy of an antitumor agent (5-FU) treatment against human epidermoid carcinoma A431 transplanted sc in athymic nude mice [ED50 = 2.9 (0.2-49.7, 95% confidence interval) microgram/kg, sc]. Various degrees of enhancement were also observed against other experimental tumors transplanted sc. The degrees of enhancement were directly proportional to the numbers of human EGF binding sites present on tumor cell plasma membrane (threshold of binding site density = 1.5 X 10(3) sites/cell) using 5-FU or cisplatin as an antitumor agent, thus suggesting that the binding of EGF to the receptors on tumor cells is an essential process in enhancing the susceptibility of tumor cells to antitumor agents. Normal cells including intestinal epithelial and bone marrow cells are endowed with fewer EGF binding sites (less than 10(3) sites/cell). This may explain partially the absence of EGF-enhanced cytotoxicity by antitumor agents toward normal cells.
Computer Graphics: Theory and Practice (2012)

Computer Graphics: Theory and Practice provides a complete and integrated introduction to this area. The book only requires basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra, making it an accessible introductory text for students. It focuses on conceptual aspects of computer graphics, covering fundamental mathematical theories and models and the inherent problems in implementing them. In so doing, the book introduces readers to the core challenges of the field and provides suggestions for further reading and studying on various topics. For each conceptual problem described, solution strategies are compared and presented in algorithmic form. This book, along with its companion Design and Implementation of 3D Graphics Systems, gives readers a full understanding of the principles and practices of implementing 3D graphics systems.
Quantitative “magnetic resonance immunohistochemistry” with ligand‐targeted <sup>19</sup>F nanoparticles (2004)

Unstable atherosclerotic plaques exhibit microdeposits of fibrin that may indicate the potential for a future rupture. However, current methods for evaluating the stage of an atherosclerotic lesion only involve characterizing the level of vessel stenosis, without delineating which lesions are beginning to rupture. Previous work has shown that fibrin-targeted, liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles, which carry a high payload of gadolinium, have a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting fibrin with clinical (1)H MRI. In this work, the perfluorocarbon content of the targeted nanoparticles is exploited for the purposes of (19)F imaging and spectroscopy to demonstrate a method for quantifiable molecular imaging of fibrin in vitro at 4.7 T. Additionally, the quantity of bound nanoparticles formulated with different perfluorocarbon species was calculated using spectroscopy. Results indicate that the high degree of nanoparticle binding to fibrin clots and the lack of background (19)F signal allow accurate quantification using spectroscopy at 4.7 T, as corroborated with proton relaxation rate measurements at 1.5 T and trace element (gadolinium) analysis. Finally, the extension of these techniques to a clinically relevant application, the evaluation of the fibrin burden within an ex vivo human carotid endarterectomy sample, demonstrates the potential use of these particles for uniquely identifying unstable atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.
Characterization of Strip Line Crossing by Transverse Resonance Analysis (1987)

A method of analysis is described for characterizing the discontinuities made of two orthogonally crossed strip lines on a suspended substrate. The method of analysis is based on the generalized transverse resonant technique extended here to four-port configurations. The technique is used for determination of resonant structure at a given frequency and subsequently the equivalent circuit parameters of the discontinuities.
Temporally regulated tandem promoters in Micromonospora echinospora (1988)

A collection of promoters from the Micromonospora echinospora strain that produces the calichemicin antitumor antibiotics was identified by the use of the promoter-probe vector pIJ486 in Streptomyces lividans. A 0.4-kilobase-pair Micromonospora DNA fragment was found to contain multiple tandem promoters which were characterized by S1 nuclease protection, Northern blotting, and DNA sequence determination. Analysis of RNA isolated from timed Micromonospora cultures revealed two classes of promoters within the 0.4-kilobase-pair fragment. The P2 promoter was maximally active during the exponential phase. In contrast, the P1 promoter cluster, consisting of three closely spaced start sites located 80 base pairs upstream of P2, was maximally active during the stationary phase. Because P1 was strongly induced in synchrony with calichemicin drug production, P1 is of potential utility in expressing cloned genes specifically during the stationary phase.
Targeting IgG in Arthritis: Disease Pathways and Therapeutic Avenues (2018)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic and multifactorial syndrome. Many complex immunological and genetic interactions are involved in the final outcome of the clinical disease. Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors, anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies) are present in RA patients' sera for a long time before the onset of clinical disease. Prior to arthritis onset, in the autoantibody response, epitope spreading, avidity maturation, and changes towards a pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation phenotype occurs. Genetic association of epitope specific autoantibody responses and the induction of inflammation dependent and independent changes in the cartilage by pathogenic autoantibodies emphasize the crucial contribution of antibody-initiated inflammation in RA development. Targeting IgG by glyco-engineering, bacterial enzymes to specifically cleave IgG/alter N-linked Fc-glycans at Asn 297 or blocking the downstream effector pathways offers new avenues to develop novel therapeutics for arthritis treatment.
Determination of Concrete Setting Time Using Electrical Resistivity Measurement (2007)

The hydration process of fresh concretes with different proportions was studied using electrical resistivity measurement. The minimum point (Pm) and the transition point (Pt) were identified on the electrical resistivity development curves. The time tm at which Pm occurred, represented the time when the curve dropped to a minimum and before increasing as a result of the onset of hydration. The time tt at which Pt occurred, marked the time when the kinetics of hydration transition changed from the setting to the hardening stage. To evaluate the significance of tm and tt in terms of the setting process, they were compared to the initial setting time (ti) and final setting time (tf) measured with the traditional penetration resistance method. The quantitative relationships between the setting time of concrete and the electrical resistivity critical points were developed. The equations can be used to estimate the setting times of concrete as an alternative method.
Transceiver for NG-PON2: Wavelength Tunablity for Burst Mode TWDM and Point-to-point WDM (2016)

Direct modulation of a 10-nm tunable DBR laser was used to demonstrate 20 km transmission, high fiber-coupled power operation (> 10 mW), low power consumption, and frequency stabilization in burst mode operation for the NGPON2 application.
Effects of K-7259 on Neuronal Activity and Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Dorsolateral Septal Nucleus. (1994)

K-7259 is a dilazep dihydrochloride derivative that minimizes the damaged area from middle cerebral artery hemiocclusion in the rat (Yamauchi et al. 1992a, b). The effects of K-7259 on the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the rat dorsolateral septal nuclei (DLSN) were examined. K-7259 (100 microM-3 mM) depolarized the membrane with a decrease in input resistance in 36% of the DLSN cells. K-7259 (100 microM) depressed the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and the late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP). The magnitudes of the depressions of the IPSP and LHP with 100 microM K-7259 were 50 +/- 25% (n = 5) and 52 +/- 15% (n = 4), respectively. The amplitudes of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were augmented during the inhibition of the IPSP and LHP. However, a voltage-clamp analysis showed that K-7259 did not affect the isolated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The outward current produced by pressure application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to the recording cell was not inhibited by K-7259. These results indicate that K-7259 presynaptically inhibits the IPSP and LHP through a GABAergic pathway.
Probabilistic optimum filtering for robust speech recognition (2002)

We present a new mapping algorithm for speech recognition that relates the features of simultaneous recordings of clean and noisy speech. The model is a piecewise linear transformation applied to the noisy speech feature. The transformation is a set of multidimensional linear least-squares filters whose outputs are combined using a conditional Gaussian model. The algorithm was tested using SRI's DECIPHER speech recognition system. Experimental results show how the mapping is used to reduce recognition errors when the training and testing acoustic environments do not match.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates as antiviral compounds (2000)

Abstract Reaction of 6‐chloropyrimidines with diethyl [(2‐aminoethoxy)methyl]phosphonate allows for a ready access to acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. A series of 5‐substituted pyrimidines bearing a phosphonate side chain at position 6 were synthesized and tested against herpes simplex viruses (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1). Some compounds showed weak antiviral activity against HSV‐1.
A 6-b 4.1-GS/s Flash ADC With Time-Domain Latch Interpolation in 90-nm CMOS (2013)

A 6-b 4.1-GS/s flash ADC was fabricated using a 90-nm CMOS with a time-domain latch interpolation technique that reduces the number of front-end dynamic comparators by half. The reduced number of comparators lowers power consumption, load capacitance to the T/H circuit, and the overhead of comparator calibration. The measured peak INL and DNL after comparator calibration are 0.74 and 0.49 LSB, respectively. The measured SNDR and SFDR are 31.2 and 38.3 dB, respectively, with a 2.02-GHz input at 4.1-GS/s operation while consuming 76 mW of total power. This ADC achieves a figure of merit of 0.625 pJ/conversion-step at 4.1 GS/s.