gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gait compensations in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and their relationship to pain and passive hip motion (1997)

This study related mechanisms of gait compensations to the level of pain and to limitations in passive motion in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Joint motion, moments, and intersegmental forces were calculated for 19 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip (12 men and seven women) and for a group of normal subjects (12 men and seven women) with a similar age distribution. The patients who had osteoarthritis walked with a decreased dynamic range of motion (17 +/- 4 degrees) of the hip and with a hesitation or reversal in the direction of the sagittal plane motion as they extended the hip. The patients with a hesitation or reversal in motion had a greater loss in the range of motion of the hip during gait (p < 0.004) and a greater passive flexion contracture (p < 0.022) than those with a smooth pattern of hip motion. This alteration in the pattern of motion was interpreted as a mechanism to increase effective extension of the hip during stance through increased anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis. The patients who had osteoarthritis of the hip walked with significantly decreased external extension, adduction, and internal and external rotation moments (p < 0.008). The decreased extension moment was significantly correlated with an increased level of pain (R = 0.78; p < 0.001). This finding suggests that decreasing muscle forces (hip flexors) may be one mechanism used to adapt to pain.
Near-optimal parallel distributed data detection for page-oriented optical memories (1998)

Volume optical storage systems suffer from numerous sources of noise and interference, the effects of which can seriously degrade retrieved data fidelity and produce unacceptable bit-error rates (BERs). We examine the problem of reliable two-dimensional data retrieval in the context of recently developed soft-decision methods for iterative decoding. We describe a novel near-optimal algorithm in which each pixel on the page is treated as a starting point for a simple iterative procedure so that a highly parallel, locally connected, distributed computational model emerges whose operation is well suited to the page-oriented memory (POM) interface format. We study the use of our two-dimensional distributed data detection (2D/sup 4/) algorithm with both incoherent (linear) and coherent (nonlinear) finite-contrast POM channel models. We present BER results obtained using the 2D/sup 4/ algorithm and compare these with three other typical methods [i.e., simple thresholding (THA), differential encoding (DC) and the decision feedback Viterbi algorithm (DFVA)]. The BER improvements are shown to have a direct impact on POM storage capacity and density and this impact is quantified for the special case of holographic POM. In a Rayleigh resolved holographic POM system with infinite contrast, we find that 2D/sup 4/ offers capacity improvements of 84%, 56%, and 8% as compared with DC, THA, and DFVA respectively, with corresponding storage density gains of 85%, 26%, and 9%. In the case of finite contrast (C=4), similar capacity improvements of 93%, 18%, and 4% produce similar density improvements of 98%, 21%, and 6%. Implementational issues associated with the realization of this new distributed detection algorithm are also discussed and parallel neural and focal plane strategies are considered. A 2 cm/sup 2/ /spl lambda/=0.1 /spl mu/m digital VLSI real estate budget will support a 600/spl times/600 pixel 2D/sup 4/ focal plane processor operating at 40 MHz with less than 1.7 W/cm/sup 2/ power dissipation.
Immunoassay with Multicomponent Protein Microarrays Fabricated by Electrospray Deposition (2002)

Two new techniques were recently developed in these laboratories for fabrication of protein microarrays: electrospray deposition of dry proteins and covalent linking of proteins from dry deposits to a dextran-grafted surface. Here we apply these techniques to simultaneously fabricate 1200 identical microarrays. Each microarray, 0.6 x 0.6 mm2 in size, consists of 28 different protein antigens and allergens deposited as spots, 30-40 microm in diameter. The ability of the microarrays to detect IgG antibodies in plasma samples from mice immunized with different sets of antigens and IgE antibodies in human plasmas was examined using ELISA. Comparison of the microarray-based ELISAs with standard ELISAs in microtiter plates established that both techniques provided identical responses in 88% of all the antibody/antigen interactions tested. Both techniques showed similar antibody detecting sensitivity defined by the maximum dilution of serum at which a reliable signal distinguishable from the background was obtained.
Growth of graphene on Ir(111) (2009)

Catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on transition metals attracts a renewed interest as a route toward high-quality graphene prepared in a reproducible manner. Here we employ two growth methods for graphene on Ir(111), namely room temperature adsorption and thermal decomposition at 870–1470 K (temperature programmed growth (TPG)) as well as direct exposure of the hot substrate at 870–1320 K (chemical vapor deposition (CVD)). The temperature- and exposure-dependent growth of graphene is investigated in detail by scanning tunneling microscopy. TPG is found to yield compact graphene islands bounded by C zigzag edges. The island size may be tuned from a few to a couple of tens of nanometers through Smoluchowski ripening. In the CVD growth, the carbon in ethene molecules arriving on the Ir surface is found to convert with probability near unity to graphene. The temperature-dependent nucleation, interaction with steps and coalescence of graphene islands are analyzed and a consistent model for CVD growth is developed.
Polymeric surfactants in emulsion polymerization (1990)

Abstract The stabilizing efficiency of a variety of amphipathic copolymers was studied in aqueous emulsion polymerizations of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile. Using the number, and size of the particles as the criterion of stability, it was found that the availability for anchoring of the backbone in the amphipathic graft copolymers was crucial for stability. Within a system, a change in the backbone chain length with the same percent hydrophilic grafts had no effect on the outcome of the reaction: the latices stabilized to the same number of particles of the same size. The results with the polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as stabilizers in styrene polymerization gave indication that for efficient anchoring the block length need not be more than 10 monomeric units, and that a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with weight‐average molecular weight M w = 3000 is just as effective stabilizer as is a block with PEO of M n = 9000.
Postcardiac arrest syndrome: focus on the brain (2009)

Therapeutic hypothermia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation continue to be the only treatment modalities over and above conventional care for pediatric cardiac arrest. New approaches to monitoring, treatment, and rehabilitation after cardiac arrest remain to be explored.
Inductive power transfer in e-textile applications: Reducing the effects of coil misalignment (2015)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an attractive approach for recharging wearable technologies and therefore textile implementations are of interest. Such textile WPT systems are inherently flexible and prone to misalignments of the inductively coupled coils which affects performance. This paper investigates two methods to reduce the effect of coil misalignment in inductive WPT in e-textile applications: a single large transmitter coil and a switched transmitter coil array. Transmission efficiency and maximum received power are determined for both methods, and compared against the baseline system that uses a single small transmitter coil. All coils used in this study were fabricated using automated stitching of PTFE insulated flexible wire onto a polyester/cotton textile. This fabrication method allows coils to be sewn directly to existing garments.
Antigenic structures recognized by anti-β2-glycoprotein I auto-antibodies (2005)

Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) is a major antigen for anti-cardiolipin antibodies and their epitopes are cryptic. Conformation of each domain of beta2-GPI was optimized from its crystal structure by energy minimization and by molecular dynamics simulation. Three electrostatic interactions, i.e. D193-K246, D222-K317 and E228-K308, were observed between domains IV and V in the optimized structure that was constructed based on the consensus sequences obtained by the phage-displayed random peptide library. Antigenic structures determined by the epitope mapping mainly consisted of hydrophobic amino acids located on two discontinuous sequences in domain IV. These amino acid clusters, as an epitope, were covered by domain V and were of a hidden nature. A similar but incomplete counterpart to the epitopic clusters was found in domain I but was not in domains II or III. Binding of anti-beta2-GPI auto-antibodies to solid-phase beta2-GPI was significantly reduced either by L replacement for W235, a common amino acid component for the epitopes, or by V replacement for all of D193, D222 and E228. Structural analysis indicated a hypothesis that these electrostatic interactions between domains IV and V retained exposure to W235 and that epitope spreading occurred in the region surrounding W235. Thus, epitopic structures recognized by anti-beta2-GPI auto-antibodies are cryptic and inter-domain electrostatic interactions are involved in their in exposure.
Wide-angle camera with multichannel architecture using microlenses on a curved surface (2014)

We propose a multichannel imaging system that combines the principles of an insect's compound eye and the human eye. The optical system enables a reduction in track length of the imaging device to achieve miniaturization. The multichannel structure is achieved by a curved microlens array, and a Hypergon lens is used as the main lens to simulate the human eye, achieving large field of view (FOV). With this architecture, each microlens of the array transmits a segment of the overall FOV. The partial images are recorded in separate channels and stitched together to form the final image of the whole FOV by image processing. The design is 2.7 mm thick, with 59 channels; the 100°×80° full FOV is optimized using ZEMAX ray-tracing software on an image plane. The image plane size is 4.53 mm×3.29 mm. Given the recent progress in the fabrication of microlenses, this image system has the potential to be commercialized in the near future.
Chemiluminescence Analysis for Trace Pollutants (1973)

Abstract The sensitivity of luminol chemiluminescence to small catalyst concentrations can be exploited for environmental analysis in several ways. Selective methods for Cr(III) and Fe(II) in complex solutions have been applied to natural samples. The detection limits are 0.03 mcg/l and 0.005 mcg/l, respectively. Species that do not catalyze luminol chemiluminescence can be determined by titration with reagents that catalyze the reaction. For example, arsenic and aqueous sulfur dioxide can be titrated with iodine, an efficient catalyst. MnO4-, OCl-, V(II), and Cr(II) are other catalysts that can be used as titrants. Preliminary ion exchange separation in concentrated LiCl solutions extends chemiluminescence to other catalysts of the luminol reaction: Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), and V(IV). Key Words: Chemiluminescencetrace metalsironchromiumluminol
Cerebrovascular Adaptation in Chronic Hydrocephalus (2001)

This study characterizes the regional changes in vascularity, which accompanies chronic progressive hydrocephalus. Fifteen dogs underwent surgical induction of hydrocephalus and were used for histologic studies. Animals were divided into 4 groups: surgical control, short term (< or = 5 weeks), intermediate term (8 weeks), and long term (10 to 12 weeks). Vessel diameter, density, and luminal area were calculated by imaging quantification after manual vessel identification in the cortical gray, white matter, and caudate nucleus. Capillary vessel diameter decreased 23.5% to 30.2% (P < 0.01) in the caudate, but then returned to normal at 12 weeks. Capillary vessel density decreased 53.5% (P < 0.05) in the cortical gray, but then increased to 234.8% (P < 0.01) over surgical controls at 12 weeks. There was no initial decrease in capillary density in the caudate; however, the long-term group capillary density was significantly greater (172.8% to 210.5%, P < 0.01) than surgical controls. Overall, there was a short-term decrease in lumen area, with recovery in the longer term. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry demonstrated the pattern of GFAP staining and reactive astrocytes differed in the caudate compared with the occipital cortex. This data suggest that an increase in capillary density and diameter may be an adaptive process allowing maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion and metabolic support in the hypoxic environment of chronic hydrocephalus.
Digital Compensation of Dynamic Acquisition Errors at the Front-End of High-Performance A/D Converters (2009)

The track-and-hold stage at the front-end of high-speed, high-resolution ADCs is usually the limiting factor in their linearity performance at high input frequencies. In this paper, we propose a digital correction algorithm for the dynamic errors generated in this stage. The digital post-processing scheme uses circuit insight and judicious modeling of the relevant nonidealities to minimize complexity. We show that the number of coefficients required in our model is significantly smaller than the number of coefficients in the general form of the Volterra series. The coefficients are extracted in a foreground calibration approach using least square (LS) solutions on a set of input and output samples from training signals. Simulation results on a nonlinear track-and-hold circuit model show approximately 40 dB of improvement in linearity (SFDR) until the fourth Nyquist zone (at f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 100 MHz). The method was also applied to a commercially available 14-bit, 155-MS/s ADC and showed to improve its SFDR to more than 83 dB up to an input frequency of 470 MHz in a lab experiment.
Physiological Activities of Zeanic Acid, a New Plant-growth Promotor from Corn Steep Liquor (1973)

Increase in fruit set of grape was observed when vines were sprayed with zeanic acid before blossom, but when sprayed after blossom the effect was not clear. Promotion of growth of radish cotyledons by zeanic acid was observed in the presence and absence of kinetin. Zeanic acid also promoted growth of dwarf mutant of rice seedlings (cv. Tanginbozu), but inhibited that of normal seedlings (cv. Tonewase). Zeanic acid showed promotive effect on proliferation of rice callus tissue in the absence of kinetin and auxin. Zeanic acid showed low toxic activity against mice, earthworm and killifish, and no antimicrobial activity.
PCB and PAH Speciation among Particle Types in Contaminated Harbor Sediments and Effects on PAH Bioavailability (2003)

This research provides particle-scale understanding of PCB and PAH distribution in sediments obtained from three urban locations in the United States: Hunters Point, CA; Milwaukee Harbor, WI; and Harbor Point, NY. The sediments comprised mineral grains (primarily sand, silt, and clays) and carbonaceous particles (primarily coal, coke, charcoal, pitch, cenospheres, and wood). The carbonaceous sediment fractions were separated from the mineral fractions based on their lower density and were identified by petrographic analysis. In all three sediments, carbonaceous particles contributed 5-7% of the total mass and 60-90% of the PCBs and PAHs. The production of carbonaceous particles is not known to be associated with PCB contamination, and it is very unlikely that these particles can be the source of PCBs in the environment Thus, it appears that carbonaceous particles preferentially accumulate PCBs acting as sorbents in the aqueous environment if PCBs are released directly to the sediment or if deposited as airborne soot particles. Aerobic bioslurry treatment resulted in negligible PAH loss from the carbonaceous coal-derived material in Milwaukee Harbor sediment but resulted in 80% of the PAHs being removed from carbonaceous particles in Harbor Point sediment. Microscale PAH extraction and analysis revealed that PAHs in Harbor Point sediment were associated mainly with coal tar pitch residue. PAHs present in semisolid coal tar pitch are more bioavailable than PAHs sorbed on carbonaceous particles such as coal, coke, charcoal, and cenosphere. Results of this study illustrate the importance of understanding particle-scale association of hydrophobic organic contaminants for explaining bioavailability differences among sediments.
Effects of GC4419 (avasopasem manganese) on chronic kidney disease in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation and cisplatin. (2020)

12071 Background: Nephrotoxicity is a major complication of platinum-based chemotherapy and ranges in incidence from 31-68%. The effects of platinum-based chemotherapeutics on long-term renal outcomes (chronic kidney disease, CKD) profoundly affect morbidity and mortality. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) including cisplatin is standard for locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer (HNC) but is accompanied by the risk of CKD. In a randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled Phase 2b trial ( NCT02508389 ) of GC4419 (avasopasem manganese) in HNC patients receiving CRT, avasopasem reduced the duration, incidence, and severity of severe oral mucositis (Anderson et al, JCO 2019). Avasopasem did not appear to alter the safety profile of CRT in that trial, including incidence of adverse events of kidney injury or azotemia. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment markers of kidney function including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were retrospectively evaluated for a subset of 52 of the trial patients who received 3 cycles x 100 mg/m 2 cisplatin plus placebo or 30 or 90 mg of avasopasem intravenously prior to RT, and 7 comparator patients who received the same CRT outside the study. Kidney function was evaluated between 3- and 24-months post-completion of cisplatin-radiation therapy by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD staging. Results: Baseline patient characteristics were skewed towards a male population but were balanced across all treatment arms with regards to baseline kidney function (comparator + placebo, n = 19; 30 mg GC4419, n = 18; 90 mg GC4419, n = 15). Treatment with 90 mg GC4419 demonstrated normal BUN values (10-20 mg/dL) at 3, 6, and 18 months and normal sCr values (0.6-1.2 mg/dL) between 3 and 24 months as compared to the placebo arm + comparator group, which exhibited statistically elevated BUN and sCr (p < 0.05). Treatment with 90 mg GC4419 also demonstrated significantly higher eGFR between 3 and 24 months post-chemoradiation (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo arm + comparator group. 90 mg GC4419 treatment significantly reduced the incidence of CKD compared to the placebo arm and comparator group, as determined by fold change in sCr values and eGFR measurements < 60 mL/min (stage G3a/b, G4, or G5 CKD). Conclusions: Avasopasem has the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of CKD in patients receiving cisplatin therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02508389 .
Integrated Biomass Hydropyrolysis and Hydrotreating: A Brief Review (2015)

The liquid product of fast pyrolysis is known as bio-oil, bio-crude, or pyrolysis oil and has been the focus of great interest because it has a much higher volumetric energy density than biomass. An extensive review of recent work on pyrolysis in the presence of hydrogen (hydropyrolysis) is presented by Balagurumurthy. Considerable challenges have long impeded the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks to fungible liquid hydrocarbon blendstocks compatible with refineries and the existing global vehicle infrastructure. Fast pyrolysis of biomass, in the absence of pressurized hydrogen or catalysts, has been shown to convert much of the feedstock into pyrolysis oil. Char produced during pyrolysis cannot be easily separated from fast pyrolysis vapors, or from condensed liquid pyrolysis oil. If pyrolysis oil is hydrotreated, high-pressure hydrogen from nonrenewable sources may be required, and the very high pressures that are required significantly increase the cost of associated equipment.
Semisynthetic model calibration for monitoring glucose in mammalian cell culture with in situ near infrared spectroscopy (2013)

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has the capability of providing real-time, multi-analyte monitoring of the complex reaction mixture associated with cell culture processes. However, the development of robust models to predict the concentration of key analytes has proven difficult. In this study, a modeling methodology using semisynthetic process samples was used to predict glucose concentrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture processes. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were built from in situ NIR spectra, and glucose levels between 4.0 and 14.0 g/L. Two models were constructed. The "standard model" used data provided by cell culture production process samples. The "full model" included the data provided from both cell culture production process samples and semisynthetic samples. The semisynthetic samples were generated by titrating cell culture samples with target viable cell density (VCD) and lactate levels to defined glucose concentrations. The robustness of each model was gauged by predicting glucose in a subsequent cell culture process utilizing a media formulation and cell line not contained in the calibration data sets. The "full model" generated glucose predictions with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.99 g/L while the "standard model" provided glucose predictions with a RMSEP of 2.26 g/L. The modeling approach utilizing semisynthetic samples proved to be faster development and more effective than using just standard cell culture processes.
An implantable microwave antenna for interstitial hyperthermia (1987)

This letter presents a new microwave antenna design with greatly enhanced heating at the tip for interstitial hyperthermia. Temperature distribution patterns surrounding the new balun-fed folded dipole antenna are measured in a saline phantom under transient and steady-state conditions.
A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Lassa Fever Vaccine Protects Guinea Pigs and Macaques against Challenge with Geographically and Genetically Distinct Lassa Viruses (2015)

Our results demonstrate the VSV-based LASV vaccine is capable of preventing morbidity and mortality associated with non-homologous LASV challenge in two animal models of Lassa fever. Additionally, this work highlights the need for the further development of disease models for geographical distinct LASV strains, particularly those from Nigeria, in order to comprehensively evaluate potential vaccines and therapies against this prominent agent of viral hemorrhagic fever.
Intracavity KTP OPO within a thermal bifocussing and birefringence compensated Nd:YAG laser cavity (2000)

We have obtained 6.5W of 2µm from an intracavity KTP OPO pumped by a Nd:YAG laser with thermal bifocussing/birefringence compensation using a 45° Faraday rotator with re-entrant mirrors.