gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of neonatal enteral glutamine supplementation on cognitive, motor and behavioural outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children at school age (2012)

In very preterm ( < 32 weeks of gestation) and/or very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 g birth weight) children, serious neonatal infections are among the main causes of poor developmental outcomes later in childhood. The amino acid glutamine has been shown to reduce the incidence of serious neonatal infections in very preterm and/or VLBW children, while developmental effects beyond 24 months are unknown. We determined the cognitive, motor and behavioural outcomes at school age of a cohort of sixty-four very preterm and/or VLBW children (aged 7·5 (sd 0·4) years) who participated in a randomised placebo-controlled trial using enteral glutamine between day 3 and day 30 of life. Cognitive and motor outcomes were studied using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), the Attention Network Test and a visual working memory task. Behavioural outcomes were evaluated using parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. Intelligence quotient, processing speed, attentional functioning, working memory and parent- and teacher-rated behavioural outcomes were not different between children treated with glutamine or placebo; only visuomotor abilities as measured by the Ball Skills scale of the MABC (P = 0·002; d = 0·67) were poorer in the glutamine group. This effect persisted after taking into account the beneficial effects of lower serious neonatal infections rates in children treated with glutamine (P = 0·005). In conclusion, glutamine supplementation between day 3 and day 30 of life had neither beneficial nor detrimental effects on long-term cognitive, motor and behavioural outcomes of very preterm and/or VLBW children at school age, although visuomotor abilities were poorer in children that received glutamine.
Word and Frame Synchronization with Verification for PPM Optical Communications (1986)

A method for obtaining word and frame synchronization in pulse position modulated optical communication systems is described. The method uses a short sync sequence inserted at the beginning of each data frame and a verification procedure to distinguish between inserted and randomly occurring sequences at the receiver. This results in an easy to implement sync system which provides reliable synchronization even at high symbol error rates. Results are given for the application of this approach to a highly energy efficient 256-ary PPM test system.
Low-Temperature Deposition of Zirconium Oxide-Based Nanocrystalline Films by Alternate Supply of Zr[OC(CH3)3]4 and H2O (2000)

Zirconium oxide thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperatures, ranging from 150 °C to 300 °C, by alternate surface reactions between Zr[OC(CH3)3]4 and H2O. The films grown in the temperature range 200–300 °C were nanocrystalline. No films could be deposited above 300 °C. The refractive index of the films reached 1.95, measured at a wavelength of 580 nm. The permittivity of the nanocrystalline films was approximately 32. The permittivity and resistivity of the films were increased by depositing ZrO2–Ta2O5 nanolaminates and annealing in ambient air.
Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes in Lactose Repressor:  A Fluorescence Study of Single Tryptophan Mutants (1997)

A key element in the ability of lac repressor protein to control transcription reversibly is the capacity to assume different conformations in response to ligand binding. To investigate regions of the protein involved in these conformational changes, mutant repressor proteins containing single tryptophans were created by mutating each of the two native tryptophan residues to tyrosine and changing the residue of interest to tryptophan. Tryptophans substituted in the following locations were highly accessible to quenchers with no changes in fluorescence or quenching properties in the presence of ligands: in the N-terminal helix-turn-helix for Y7, at the junction between the N-terminus and N-subdomain for L62, in the N-subdomain of the monomer-monomer interface for residue E100 or Q117, or at the C-terminal region for K325. Tryptophan at position F226 in the C-subdomain subunit interface was only moderately exposed to quenchers and unresponsive to ligands. In contrast, the fluorescence and quenching properties of single tryptophans placed in the central region of the protein were affected by ligands. Inducer binding altered the accessibility to quencher for tryptophan at H74 or F293, but no changes were detected upon binding operator. Exposure of tryptophan at the position occupied by Y273 was affected by both inducer and operator, indicating alterations in this region by both ligands. These results suggest that, in the areas of the lac repressor probed by these substitutions, the inducer-bound form differs from the conformation of the unliganded form.
High capacity, reversible alloying reactions in SnSb/C nanocomposites for Na-ion battery applications (2012)

A new SnSb/C nanocomposite based on Na alloying reactions is demonstrated as anode for Na-ion battery applications. The electrode can achieve an exceptionally high capacity (544 mA h g(-1), almost double that of intercalation carbon materials), good rate capacity and cyclability (80% capacity retention over 50 cycles) for Na-ion storage.
Novel dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasma resonance sensors for biological monitoring (2006)

Most applications of fiber optic SPR sensors are designed to measure refractive index (RI) of biological sample by single channel, also the sensitivity and stability of the sensor system is easily affected by the unexpected effects from instrumentation and external environment conditions. In this study, we presented two dual-channel fiber optic SPR sensors based on flat-tip or tetra-taper tip structure with two SPR spectrum located on separate wavelengths that can be used for self-compensating RI measurements of more than one biological samples. The prototyped sensors were fabricated and laboratory characterized. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate the characteristic responses of both SPR wavelengths from two channels are independently correspond to the RI changes of the detected samples or the temperature characters of external environment. Both of these two designs could be extend practicable highly sensitive multi-channel sensor systems that will have extensive applications for biological monitoring.
Further studies on the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes of aggressive and non‐aggressive isolates of Ophiostoma ulmi (1982)

Abstract In vitro activity of glycosidases and exo‐glycanases in 10 aggressive and 10 non‐aggressive isolates of Ophiostoma ulmi were compared. Enzyme preparations of aggressive isolates released more arabinose and xylose from cell walls of elm wood than those of non‐aggressive isolates. Significantly more rhamnose was released as well by enzyme preparations of aggressive isolates, although some of non‐aggressive isolates released comparable amounts.
A potential role for microbial superantigens in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease (1991)

We have attempted herein to demonstrate how microbial superantigens could promote an abnormal form of "cognate" T helper-B cell interaction, analogous to that which may occur during GVH disease, leading to B cell activation and systemic autoimmunity. In vitro studies performed at our laboratory and others have demonstrated that resting human B cells bind microbial superantigens and present them to superantigen-reactive autologous T helper cells, resulting in T cell activation and polyclonal IgM and IgG production by the superantigen-bearing B cells. In vitro studies of microbial superantigen-mediated murine T helper-B cell interactions demonstrate preferential help for B cells that have encountered specific antigen. Both in humans and in mice, the cellular interactions involved and the B cell responses induced are highly analogous to those mediated by allospecific T helper-B cell interaction. Finally, the results of studies carried out on T cell-deficient (nude) mice suggest that microbial superantigens may trigger similar T helper cell-dependent polyclonal IgM and IgG responses in vivo. These mice will be studied over time and tested for the development of autoantibodies characteristic of SLE and of autoimmune organ system damage, the occurrence of which are predicted by our model.
Fast and robust detection of crest lines on meshes (2005)

We propose a fast and robust method for detecting crest lines on surfaces approximated by dense triangle meshes. The crest lines, salient surface features defined via first- and second-order curvature derivatives, are widely used for shape matching and interrogation purposes. Their practical extraction is difficult because it requires good estimation of high-order surface derivatives. Our approach to the crest line detection is based on estimating the curvature tensor and curvature derivatives via local polynomial fitting.Since the crest lines are not defined in the surface regions where the surface focal set (caustic) degenerates, we introduce a new thresholding scheme which exploits interesting relationships between curvature extrema, the so-called MVS functional of Moreton and Sequin, and Dupin cyclides,An application of the crest lines to adaptive mesh simplification is also considered.
Affecting gene expression by altering the length and sequence of the 5' leader. (1984)

We have utilized a recombinant vector system designed to study gene control elements by fusing them to the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) to examine the effects of gene expression that result from introducing changes into the 5' noncoding leader region of the galK transcription unit. We varied the length of the 5' leader region and found no effect on galK expression, provided that the galK initiation codon remained the first AUG in the transcription unit. Using synthetic linkers, we then inserted specific sequences, each containing a single AUG codon at a defined position within the leader region. We found that the AUG inserts had widely different effects on galK expression and that the sequences surrounding the inserted AUG codons determined the magnitude of these effects. In addition, we placed these upstream inserted AUG codons into each of the three possible translation reading frames so that translation occurring in these frames terminates prior to, within, or downstream of the galK initiation codon, respectively. Single-nucleotide frameshift mutations were also introduced into one of these constructs to shift upstream translation into the other two possible reading frames. Depending upon where upstream translation stopped relative to the galK initiation codon, we observed consistently different effects on galK expression. Our results show that an upstream AUG that interferes with downstream translation initiation exerts its greatest effect when it translates out-of-frame through the downstream initiator into the gene. If translation is stopped upstream of or within the initiator, an unexpectedly high level of expression from the downstream AUG is maintained.
Microbial Corrosion in Petroleum Product Transporting Pipelines (2011)

Petroleum product pipelines in India contain large numbers of various types of microorganisms that either directly or indirectly enhance corrosion. Field studies have been carried out by CSIR-CECRI to investigate the corrosion problem in petroleum product transporting pipelines in South India. Although Unicor J inhibitor was added in the pipeline to control corrosion, corrosion products were detected in the pipeline. The present study reveals that the degradation of the inhibitor enhances the proliferation of bacteria, which enhances the corrosion. The selection of an inhibitor to control corrosion has also been done.
c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Binds and Phosphorylates Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (2001)

Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a plasma membrane protein that has been proposed to play a role in the transbilayer movement of plasma membrane phospholipids. PLSCR1 contains multiple proline-rich motifs resembling Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-binding sites. An initial screen against 13 different SH3 domains revealed a marked specificity of PLSCR1 for binding to the Abl SH3 domain. Binding between intracellular PLSCR1 and c-Abl was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins from several cell lines. Deletion of the proline-rich segment in PLSCR1 (residues 1--118) abolished its binding to the Abl SH3 domain. PLSCR1 was Tyr-phosphorylated by c-Abl in vitro. Phosphorylation was abolished by mutation of Tyr residues Tyr(69)/Tyr(74) within the tandem repeat sequence (68)VYNQPVYNQP(77) of PLSCR1, implying that these residues are the likely sites of phosphorylation. Cellular PLSCR1 was found to be constitutively Tyr-phosphorylated in several cell lines. The Tyr phosphorylation of PLSCR1 was increased upon overexpression of c-Abl and significantly reduced either upon cell treatment with the Abl kinase inhibitor STI571, or in Abl-/- mouse fibroblasts, suggesting that cellular PLSCR1 is a normal substrate of c-Abl. Cell treatment with the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin activated c-Abl kinase and increased Tyr phosphorylation of PLSCR1. The cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of PLSCR1 was inhibited by STI571 and was not observed in Abl-/- fibroblasts. These findings indicate that c-Abl binds and phosphorylates PLSCR1, and raise the possibility that an interaction between c-Abl and plasma membrane PLSCR1 might contribute to the cellular response to genotoxic stress.
Joint multipath-Doppler diversity in fast fading channels (2002)

We present a new framework for code-division multiple access (CDMA) communication over fast fading mobile wireless channels. The performance of the RAKE receiver, which is at the heart of existing CDMA systems, degrades substantially under fast fading encountered in many mobile scenarios. Due to the time-varying nature of the fast fading channel, we employ joint time-frequency processing, which is a powerful approach to time-varying signal processing. Whereas the RAKE receiver exploits multipath diversity to combat fading, our framework is based on joint multipath-Doppler diversity facilitated by a fundamental time-frequency decomposition of the channel into independent flat fading channels. Diversity processing is achieved by a time-frequency generalization of the RAKE receiver which can be leveraged into several important aspects of system design. Performance analysis shows that CDMA systems based on the time-frequency RAKE receiver, due to their inherently higher level of diversity, can potentially deliver significant performance gains over existing systems.
The Response Regulator RpaB Binds to the Upstream Element of Photosystem I Genes To Work for Positive Regulation under Low-Light Conditions in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2008)

ABSTRACT The coordinated high-light response of genes encoding subunits of photosystem I (PSI) is achieved by the AT-rich region located just upstream of the core promoter in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. The upstream element enhances the basal promoter activity under low-light conditions, whereas this positive regulation is lost immediately after the shift to high-light conditions. In this study, we focused on a high-light regulatory 1 (HLR1) sequence included in the upstream element of every PSI gene examined. A gel mobility shift assay revealed that a response regulator RpaB binds to the HLR1 sequence in PSI promoters. Base substitution in the HLR1 sequence or decrease in copy number of the rpaB gene resulted in decrease in the promoter activity of PSI genes under low-light conditions. These observations suggest that RpaB acts as a transcriptional activator for PSI genes. It is likely that RpaB binds to the HLR1 sequence under low-light conditions and works for positive regulation of PSI genes and for negative regulation of high-light-inducible genes depending on the location of the HLR1 sequence within target promoters.
Maintenance of intracellular calcium in Escherichia coli. (1987)

Recently a series of fluorescent calcium indicator dyes have been developed for measurement of free intracellular calcium in eukaryotic cells.Here we report the use of one such dye, fura-2, for the study of intracellular calcium levels in the prokaryote Escherichia coli.Cells of E. coli were loaded with the membrane-permeable acetoxymethyl ester of fura-2, which was cleaved intracellularly to give the free pentaacid.The concentration of free [Ca2+Ii in unstarved cells was maintained at 90 f 10 nM, irrespective of the Ca2+ concentration in the extracellular medium.Cells of a strain lacking the H+-translocating ATPase were depleted of endogenous energy reserves and loaded with calcium.In this strain oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled, so ATP is not produced by respiration.In starved cells [Ca2+]i varied from 0.2 to 0.7 PM when the loading Ca2+ concentration varied from 10 PM to 10 mM.Addition of glucose lowered the Ca2+ levels to 90 nM.Addition of respiratory substrates as energy donors produced cyanide-sensitive efflux.Total cell Ca2+ increased in parallel to the extracellular calcium, but the pool of free calcium did not equilibrate with the total cellular pool.These results demonstrate that 1) the pool of total Ca2+ in the bacterial cell is large and responds to extracellular calcium, 2) the free [Ca2+Ii is independent of extracellular calcium, and 3) energy in the form of a proton motive force is required for maintenance of the free intracellular pool of calcium.Calcium ion plays a pivotal role in the regulation of various cellular processes in eukaryotic cells.Although little is known about the physiological role of the ion in prokaryotes, calcium transport systems have been found in all bacterial species investigated so far (1,2).The transport of calcium in bacterial cells was first demonstrated in Escherichia coli, where it was demonstrated that Ca2+ is extruded from the cells in a temperature-dependent fashion (3).The existence of a metabolically linked efflux system was suggested.Tsujibo and Rosen (4) showed that calcium extrusion is driven by a proton motive force.Detailed studies with everted membrane vesicles of E. coli (5-7) demonstrated that the calcium extrusion occurs via a secondary Ca2+/H+ exchange catalyzed by a calcium/proton antiporter.A second system for calcium extrusion, a calcium phosphate symporter/proton antiporter, has also been iden-
Robust Decentralized Low-Rank Matrix Decomposition (2016)

Low-rank matrix approximation is an important tool in data mining with a wide range of applications, including recommender systems, clustering, and identifying topics in documents. When the matrix to be approximated originates from a large distributed system, such as a network of mobile phones or smart meters, a challenging problem arises due to the strongly conflicting yet essential requirements of efficiency, robustness, and privacy preservation. We argue that although collecting sensitive data in a centralized fashion may be efficient, it is not an option when considering privacy and efficiency at the same time. Thus, we do not allow any sensitive data to leave the nodes of the network. The local information at each node (personal attributes, documents, media ratings, etc.) defines one row in the matrix. This means that all computations have to be performed at the edge of the network. Known parallel methods that respect the locality constraint, such as synchronized parallel gradient search or distributed iterative methods, require synchronized rounds or have inherent issues with load balancing, and thus they are not robust to failure. Our distributed stochastic gradient descent algorithm overcomes these limitations. During the execution, any sensitive information remains local, whereas the global features (e.g., the factor model of movies) converge to the correct value at all nodes. We present a theoretical derivation and a thorough experimental evaluation of our algorithm. We demonstrate that the convergence speed of our method is competitive while not relying on synchronization and being robust to extreme and realistic failure scenarios. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we present trace-based simulations, real smartphone user behavior analysis, and tests over real movie recommender system data.
Non-invasive measurement of respiratory impedance in conscious guinea pigs utilising impulse oscillometry (2011)

Aim: Since rodents are often utilised as models in respiratory research, we investigated a newly constructed Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) which was modified to allow non invasive measurements of respiratory impedance in conscious guinea pigs. Material and methods: Five female guinea pigs (body weight: 592.2±73.0 g) were included in the study. The animals were fixated manually in an extended supine position. a) Three consecutive IOS measurements, taken within a few minutes duration from each animal were used to evaluate short time variability. b) The results of measurements taken on three consecutive days at the same time of the day were used to assess long time variability. Coefficients of variation (CV%) were calculated for oscillometric resistance parameters between 5 and 35 Hz. Results: Coefficients of variation (CV%) for Resistance parameters at selected frequencies are shown in table 1. Table 1. Coefficients of variation (in %) for spectral Resistance in a short-time (study A) and a long-time study (study B) in five conscious guinea pigs; means and standard deviations Parameter Study A Study B R5 6.9±3.6 11.5±1.5 R10 7.1±4.8 13.6±2.8 R15 6.1±2.1 10.5±1.6 R20 5.3±2.3 8.9±2.0 R25 3.4±2.3 5.5±2.6 R30 2.7±1.6 3.2±2.0 R35 3.1±1.0 2.3±1.2 Conclusion: Putting awake guinea pigs in supine body position they get into a sleep-like condition. This was the preferred procedure to get well reproducible results of impedance spectra utilising impulse oscillometry in this species. The authors appreciate the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Economics (Berlin Germany, registration number IW 070139).
Low-Temperature Nonoxidative Activation of Methane over <i>H</i> -Galloaluminosilicate (MFI) Zeolite (1997)

Conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons by its low-temperature activation without forming undesirable carbon oxides is of great scientific and practical importance. Methane can be highly activated, yielding high rates of conversion to higher hydrocarbons and aromatics (10 to 45 percent) at low temperatures (400° to 600°C), by its reaction over H-galloaluminosilicate ZSM-5 type (MFI) zeolite in the presence of alkenes or higher alkanes. The methane activation results from its hydrogen-transfer reaction with alkenes.