gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving GPU Performance Through Resource Sharing (2016)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) consisting of Streaming Multiprocessors (SMs) achieve high throughput by running a large number of threads and context switching among them to hide execution latencies. The number of thread blocks, and hence the number of threads that can be launched on an SM, depends on the resource usage--e.g. number of registers, amount of shared memory--of the thread blocks. Since the allocation of threads to an SM is at the thread block granularity, some of the resources may not be used up completely and hence will be wasted.
A dinucleotide mutation in dihydrodipicolinate synthase of <i>Nicotiana sylvestris</i> leads to lysine overproduction (1995)

By applying a mutagenesis/selection procedure to obtain resistance to a lysine analog, S-(2-aminoethyl)L-cysteine (AEC), a lysine overproducing mutant in Nicotiana sylvestris was isolated. Amino acid analyses performed throughout plant development and of different organs of the N. sylvestris RAEC-1 mutant, revealed a developmental-dependent accumulation of free lysine. Lysine biosynthesis in the RAEC-1 mutant was enhanced due to a lysine feedback-desensitized dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS). Several molecular approaches were undertaken to identify the nucleotide change in the dhdps-r1 gene, the mutated gene coding for the lysine-desensitized enzyme. The enzyme was purified from wild-type plants for amino end microsequencing and 10 amino acids were identified. Using dicotyledon dhdps probes, a genomic fragment was cloned from an enriched library of DNA from the homozygote RAEC-1 mutant plant. A dhdps cDNA, putatively full-length, was isolated from a tobacco cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analyses confirmed the presence of the previously identified amino end preceded by a chloroplast transit peptide sequence. Nucleotide sequence comparisons, enzymatic and immunological analyses revealed that the tobacco cDNA corresponds to a normal type of DHDPS, lysine feedback-regulated, and the genomic fragment to the mutated DHDPS, insensitive to lysine inhibition. Functional complementation of a DHDPS-deficient Escherichia coli strain was used as an expression system. Reconstruction between the cDNA and genomic fragment led to the production of a cDNA producing an insensitive form of DHDPS. Amino acid sequence comparisons pointed out, at position 104 from the first amino acid of the mature protein, the substitution of Asn to Ileu which corresponds to a dinucleotide mutation. This change is unique to the dhdps-r1 gene when compared with the wild-type sequence. The identification of the nucleotide and amino acid change of the lysine-desensitized DHDPS from RAEC-1 plant opens new perspectives for the improvement of the nutritional value of crops and possibly to develop a new plant selectable marker.
Automatic Text Generation by Learning from Literary Structures (2016)

Most of the work dealing with automatic story production is based on a generic architecture for text generation; however, the resulting stories still lack a style that can be called literary. We believe that in order to generate automatically stories that could be compared with those by human authors, a specific methodology for fiction text generation should be defined. We also believe that it is essential for a story to convey the effect of originality to the person who is reading it. Our methodology proposes corpus-based generation of stories that could be called creative and also have a style similar to human fiction texts. We also show how these stories have plausible syntax and coherence, and are perceived as interesting by human evaluators.
High-resolution CT by diffraction-enhanced x-ray imaging: mapping of breast tissue samples and comparison with their histo-pathology (2007)

The aim of this study was to introduce high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of breast tumours using the diffraction-enhanced x-ray imaging (DEI) technique and to compare results with radiological and histo-pathological examinations. X-ray CT images of tumour-bearing breast tissue samples were acquired by monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR). Due to the narrow beam and a large sample-to-detector distance scattering is rejected in the absorption contrast images (SR-CT). Large contrast enhancement is achieved by the use of the DEI-CT method, where the effects of refraction and scatter rejection are analysed by crystal optics. Clinical mammograms and CT images were recorded as reference material for a radiological examination. Three malignant and benign samples were studied in detail. Their radiographs were compared with optical images of stained histological sections. The DEI-CT images map accurately the morphology of the samples, including collagen strands and micro-calcifications of dimensions less than 0.1 mm. Histo-pathological examination and reading of the radiographs were done independently, and the conclusions were in general agreement. High-resolution DEI-CT images show strong contrast and permit visualization of details invisible in clinical radiographs. The radiation dose may be reduced by an order of magnitude without compromising image quality, which would make possible clinical in vivo DEI-CT with future compact SR sources.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Is Detrimental During Endotoxemia (1994)

Inhibition of nitric oxide production is detrimental in this murine model of endotoxemia.
A Factor Analytic Study of Communication Satisfaction (1977)

The multidimensionality of communication satisfaction was explored in three stages. An original questionnaire was administered and factor- analyzed. On this basis, a new questionnaire was refined and administered to four different organizations in order to compare the factor structures derived from each. Finally, each of the stability factors were correlated with a global measure of job satisfaction.
High-Dose Carboplatin in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies (1993)

Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum complex developed to be less ototoxic and nephrotoxic than cisplatin. The major toxicity was found to be myelosuppression; thus, it was tried in acute leukemia. When given by daily bolus injection for 5 days, carboplatin exhibited some activity but was associated with additional nonhematologic toxicity as well. When administered by continuous infusion, responses were higher and toxicity less. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase II study of carboplatin 315 mg/m2 daily given by continuous infusion for 5 days to adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemia. A second course was given if the bone marrow on day 14 revealed persistent leukemia. Those achieving a complete remission (CR) were given an additional course as consolidation. The median age was 49 years among acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients and 46 years in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Of 46 eligible patients enrolled in the study (36 AML and 10 ALL), 8 (17%) achieved a CR (6 AML and 2 ALL). Remissions were observed in 2 of 10 primary refractory patients (1 AML and 1 ALL). When treated in first relapse, 5 of 14 patients (36%) achieved a CR. In 38 instances marrow specimens were examined after treatment; 10 (26%) showed no change, 16 (42%) were hypoplastic, and 12 (32%) were hypoplastic with residual leukemic cells. Of the 18 deaths that occurred on study, 14 were due to infection, 2 due to infection and bleeding, 1 due to uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding and 1 due to graft-versus-host disease in a patient who had relapsed after bone marrow transplantation. Marrow suppression was usually prolonged. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild. Gastrointestinal toxicity consisted of easily controlled nausea and vomiting. Three patients had grade 3 diarrhea. Grade 3 or more renal toxicity was observed in 8 patients, all of whom had received nephrotoxic antibiotics for treatment of bacterial or fungal infections. One patient died of renal failure that developed near the end of a second induction course. Ototoxicity was observed in 11 patients (24%) and was grade 2 or less in all but 3. These results indicate that carboplatin is an active agent in leukemia. Further studies are under way in combination with other agents such as etoposide, mitoxantrone, 5-azacytidine, and daunorubicin in treatment of acute leukemia and in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide in refractory lymphomas.
A Fast Algorithm for Color Image Segmentation (2006)

Based on K-means and a two-layer pyramid structure, a fast algorithm is proposed for color image segmentation. The algorithm employs two strategies. Firstly, a two-layer structure of a color image is established. Then, an improved K-means with integer based lookup table implementation is applied to each layer. The clustering result on the upper layer (lower resolution) is used to guide the clustering in the lower layer (higher resolution). Experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm is significantly faster than the original K-means algorithm while producing comparable segmentation results.
Synthetic CpG islands reveal DNA sequence determinants of chromatin structure (2014)

The mammalian genome is punctuated by CpG islands (CGIs), which differ sharply from the bulk genome by being rich in G + C and the dinucleotide CpG. CGIs often include transcription initiation sites and display 'active' histone marks, notably histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs) some CGIs adopt a 'bivalent' chromatin state bearing simultaneous 'active' and 'inactive' chromatin marks. To determine whether CGI chromatin is developmentally programmed at specific genes or is imposed by shared features of CGI DNA, we integrated artificial CGI-like DNA sequences into the ESC genome. We found that bivalency is the default chromatin structure for CpG-rich, G + C-rich DNA. A high CpG density alone is not sufficient for this effect, as A + T-rich sequence settings invariably provoke de novo DNA methylation leading to loss of CGI signature chromatin. We conclude that both CpG-richness and G + C-richness are required for induction of signature chromatin structures at CGIs.
Secretagogue-induced digestive enzyme activation and cell injury in rat pancreatic acini (1999)

The mechanisms responsible for intrapancreatic digestive enzyme activation as well as the relationship between that activation and cell injury during pancreatitis are not understood. We have employed an in vitro system in which freshly prepared pancreatic acini are exposed to a supramaximally stimulating concentration of the CCK analog caerulein to explore these issues. We find that in vitro trypsinogen activation depends on the continued presence of Ca2+ in the suspending medium and that it is half-maximal in the presence of 0.3 mM Ca2+. Caerulein-induced trypsinogen activation can be halted by removal of Ca2+ from the suspending medium or by chelation of intracellular Ca2+. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ with either ionomycin or thapsigargin does not induce trypsinogen activation. We have monitored cell injury by measuring the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from acini and by quantitating intercalation of propidium iodide (PI) into DNA. Leakage of LDH and intercalation of PI in response to supramaximal stimulation with caerulein can be detected only after caerulein-induced trypsinogen activation has already occurred, and these indications of cell injury can be prevented by addition of a cell-permeant protease inhibitor. Our findings indicate that caerulein-induced intra-acinar cell activation of trypsinogen depends on a rise in intracellular Ca2+, which reflects entry of Ca2+ from the suspending medium. Intra-acinar cell activation of trypsinogen is an early as well as a critical event in pancreatitis. The subsequent cell injury in this model is mediated by activated proteases.
Insight into the evolution of nidovirus endoribonuclease based on the finding that nsp15 from porcine Deltacoronavirus functions as a dimer (2018)

Nidovirus endoribonucleases (NendoUs) include nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) from coronaviruses and nsp11 from arteriviruses, both of which have been reported to participate in the viral replication process and in the evasion of the host immune system. Results from a previous study of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, HCoV-229E, and MHV nsp15 indicate that it mainly forms a functional hexamer, whereas nsp11 from the arterivirus PRRSV is a dimer. Here, we found that porcine <i>Deltacoronavirus</i> (PDCoV) nsp15 primarily exists as dimers and monomers <i>in vitro</i> Biological experiments reveal that a PDCoV nsp15 mutant lacking the first 27 amino acids of the N-terminal domain (Asn-1-Asn-27) forms more monomers and displays decreased enzymatic activity, indicating that this region is important for its dimerization. Moreover, multiple sequence alignments and three-dimensional structural analysis indicated that the C-terminal region (His-251-Val-261) of PDCoV nsp15 is 10 amino acids shorter and forms a shorter loop than that formed by the equivalent sequence (Gln-259-Phe-279) of SARS-CoV nsp15. This result may explain why PDCoV nsp15 failed to form hexamers. We speculate that NendoUs may have originated from XendoU endoribonucleases (XendoUs) forming monomers in eukaryotic cells, that NendoU from arterivirus gained the ability to form dimers, and that the coronavirus variants then evolved the capacity to assemble into hexamers. We further propose that PDCoV nsp15 may be an intermediate in this evolutionary process. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for improving our understanding of NendoU evolution and offer useful clues for designing drugs and vaccines against nidoviruses.
Psychopharmacologic Treatment Strategies for Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia (2001)

Patients with serious psychiatric disorders are frequently treated by primary care physicians, who may have difficulty keeping up with recent advances in psychiatry. This paper presents an updated synopsis for three major psychiatric illnesses: major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Current definitions, updated diagnostic criteria, short- and long-term treatment strategies with algorithms, and special challenges for the clinician are discussed for each of these illnesses. On the basis of each illness's distinct characteristics, five treatment principles are emphasized: 1) Treatment strategies should be long-term and should emphasize adherence, 2) treatment choice should be empirical, 3) combinations of medications may be helpful, 4) a combination of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments may be more useful than either alone, and 5) the family or "significant others" as well as a consumer organization need to be involved. Some of the new directions in dinical research to refine these strategies and meet these challenges are also described.
Accumulation Pattern of IgG Antibodies and Fab Fragments in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana Plants (1998)

For the further optimization of antibody expression in plants, it is essential to determine the final accumulation sites of plant-made antibodies. Previously, we have shown that, upon secretion, IgG antibodies and Fab fragments can be detected in the intercellular spaces of leaf mesophyll cells of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. However, immunofluorescence microscopy showed that this is probably not their final accumulation site. In leaves, IgG and Fab fragments accumulate also at the interior side of the epidermal cell layers and in xylem vessels. These accumulation sites correspond with the leaf regions where water of the transpiration stream is entering a space impermeable to the proteins or where water is evaporating. In roots, plant-made Fab fragments accumulate in intercellular spaces of cortex cells, in the cytoplasm of pericycle and, to a lesser extent, endodermis cells, and in cells of the vascular cylinder. In other words, antibody accumulation occurs at the sites where water passes on its radial pathway towards and within the vascular bundle. Taken together, our results suggest that, upon secretion of plant-made antibodies or Fab fragments, a large proportion of these proteins are transported in the apoplast of A. thaliana, possibly by the water flow in the transpiration stream.
The Therapeutic Impact of Dipyridamole: Chemopotentiation of the Cytotoxic Combination 5-Fluorouracil/Cisplatin in an Animal Model of Human Bladder Cancer (1991)

Using an in vivo assay of tumor cytotoxicity (the subrenal capsule assay in nude mice), two therapeutic strategies for the treatment of advanced human transitional cell carcinoma have been evaluated: 1) the use of 5-fluorouracil in combination with cisplatin and 2) the ability of the chemosensitizer dipyridamole to augment the cytotoxicity of CDDP and 5FU. A moderate cytotoxic response of human TCC line DU-4284 to single agent CDDP was seen; it was dose dependent at minimally toxic doses [maximal cytotoxicity--27% tumor survival (%TS) relative to control]. Efficacy was further significantly enhanced by the addition of DP [11%TS (p = .008)]. 5FU at minimally toxic doses (100 and 150 mg./kg.) also demonstrated moderate dose-dependent cytotoxic activity (35 and 31%TS, respectively) which was further enhanced by DP [21%TS (p = .03) and 18%TS (p = .05)]. A constant dose ratio of CDDP/5FU when diluted showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity; at the highest dose dilution studied, substantial cytotoxic efficacy (17%TS) was attained. The cytotoxicity of 5FU/CDDP was order independent (p = .95). The addition of DP to this combination (5FU/CDDP) further enhanced efficacy; host toxicity was not substantially enhanced. A multiple regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant effect of DP with both CDDP and 5FU (p = .001 and 0.0001, respectively); tests for trend showed no significant interaction (p = 0.33 for all models). It is concluded that, in this preclinical in vivo model of human bladder cancer, 1) CDDP and 5FU show substantial enhanced efficacy when combined, and 2) DP serves as an in vivo chemosensitizer of both CDDP and 5FU; DP further augments the efficacy of this binary combination. These data would indicate the potential of this ternary (5FU/CDDP/DP) drug therapeutic regimen for clinical trial to treat advanced bladder cancer.
The drawings of Antoine Nicolas Duchesne for his Natural History of the Gourds (2007)

For the first time, this book makes available to a wide readership, not only to an educated audience, high-resolution reproductions of all the 258 paintings of gourds of the genus Cucurbita, figuring about a hundred cultivars, kept at the Bibliothèque centrale of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, made in the 18th century by the talentuous Antoine Nicolas Duchesne, of the Royal Garden in Versailles, a forerunner of genetics and evolution. This book by Dr. Harry Paris, a leading expert of Cucurbitaceae, is written both in English and French and is aimed at scientists (e.g., botanists, geneticists, agronomists, horticulturists, science historians) as well as more general readers including gardeners, above all those very numerous fond of cultivated plants, particularly of Cucurbitaceae. Its large format (320 x 440 mm), the diversity and magnificence of its plates and the beauty of its presentation will also attract bibliophiles. This volume is not only the first publication to contain Duchesne’s naming and classification of the three economically most important species of Cucurbita, it also contains Duchesne’s summary of his investigations with this genus. The plates are accompanied by reprinting of appropriate abstracts from Duchesne’s Essai sur l’histoire naturelle des courges together with, by Harry Paris, commentaries on the illustrations with an analysis of existing published and unpublished documents concerning these plates. As for his work on strawberries, here once again is stressed the unfailing tenaciousness and extraordinary sense of observation of Antoine Nicolas Duchesne coupled with quite original and premonitory evolutionary ideas.
Antenna pattern synthesis with an imaging optical heterodyne receiver (1970)

A system is proposed and discussed which would allow rapid direct synthesis and steering of far-field antenna patterns for optical heterodyne receivers. The system produces an antenna pattern which is the image of a spatial filter in the reference beam.
Visual Prosody and Speech Intelligibility (2004)

People naturally move their heads when they speak, and our study shows that this rhythmic head motion conveys linguistic information. Three-dimensional head and face motion and the acoustics of a talker producing Japanese sentences were recorded and analyzed. The head movement correlated strongly with the pitch (fundamental frequency) and amplitude of the talker's voice. In a perception study, Japanese subjects viewed realistic talking-head animations based on these movement recordings in a speech-in-noise task. The animations allowed the head motion to be manipulated without changing other characteristics of the visual or acoustic speech. Subjects correctly identified more syllables when natural head motion was present in the animation than when it was eliminated or distorted. These results suggest that nonverbal gestures such as head movements play a more direct role in the perception of speech than previously known.
Simple 4-Bit Processor Based On Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) (2006)

We describe the design and layout of a simple 4-bit processor based on quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) using the QCADesigner design tool. The processor design is based on an accumulator architecture which reduces the required hardware complexity and allows for reasonable simulation times. Our aim is to provide evidence that QCA has potential applications in future computers provided that the underlying technology is made feasible.
Identification of <i>OTX2</i> as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-<i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid (2005)

Through digital karyotyping of permanent medulloblastoma cell lines, we found that the homeobox gene OTX2 was amplified more than 10-fold in three cell lines. Gene expression analyses showed that OTX2 transcripts were present at high levels in 14 of 15 (93%) medulloblastomas with anaplastic histopathologic features. Knockdown of OTX2 expression by siRNAs inhibited medulloblastoma cell growth in vitro, whereas pharmacologic doses of all-trans retinoic acid repressed OTX2 expression and induced apoptosis only in medulloblastoma cell lines that expressed OTX2. These observations suggest that OTX2 is essential for the pathogenesis of anaplastic medulloblastomas and that these tumors may be amenable to therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid.
Accurate measurements of the acoustical physical constants of LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ single crystals (1999)

The acoustical physical constants (elastic constant, piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant, and density) of commercial surface acoustic wave (SAW)-grade LiNbO(3) and LiTaO(3) single crystals were determined by measuring the bulk acoustic wave velocities, dielectric constants, and densities of many plate specimens prepared from the ingots. The maximum probable error in each constant was examined by considering the dependence of each constant on the measured acoustic velocities. By comparing the measured values of longitudinal velocities that were not used to determine the constants with the calculated values using the previously mentioned constants, we found that the differences between the measured and calculated values were 1 m/s or less for both LiNbO(3) and LiTaO(3) crystals. These results suggest that the acoustical physical constants determined in this paper can give the values of bulk acoustic wave velocities with four significant digits.