gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral dependence of polarization hole-burning (2006)

We propose a simple experimental approach to measure and quantify the polarization hole-burning in an optical amplifier. The spectral properties of polarization hole-burning are similar to those of spectral hole-burning
Preoperative Embolization of Meningiomas with N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (2012)

Meningiomas are often embolized before their surgical resection to reduce blood loss during surgery. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles have been the most frequently used material for embolization of meningiomas. We have used n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) as the first-choice material since 2001. Thirty-one meningiomas were embolized with NBCA. We report the result of embolization of meningiomas with NBCA in comparison with PVA particles.
The Purposive Brain (1977)

In this book, Granit explains the physiology of vision perception as an input system and motor control as an output system, with the goal-oriented brain mediating between. When Ragnar Granit was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Wald and Hartline) in 1967, his scientific peer, Sir John C. Eccles, wrote that was awarded this prize for his work on the electroretinogram, but it should be recognized that, in fact, he has made contributtions of the highest level in two rather dissimilar fields of neurophysiology; with equal fitness he could have been awarded the Prize for his work on the control of movement. His investigations of the electroretinogram were virtually completed with the publication in 1974 of his classic book, Sensory Mechanisms of the Retina. From that time he has been in the forefront of investigators on the control movement, and his laboratory at Stockholm has led the world in what we may term the synthetic mechanisms controlling the discharges of motoneurones to muscle. In this book, Granit explains and integrates these two major brain systems-the physiology of vision and the control of motor activity. Visual perception is seen as an input system, motor control as an output system, with the goal-oriented brain mediating between. Reaching beyond the strict confines of neurophysiology, the author relates his investigation to the concerns of psychology, evolutionary biology, and the general organism-environment interrelationship. He also gauges the level of science's current understanding of how the brain works and the limits within which it might be improved. The book is meant for readers with more than passing interest in the deeper issues of biology, the general question of purpose in life, and the specific question of the purposiveness, the goal-directed nature, of the crowning organ of the higher forms of life. However, no special knowledge of neurophysiology is assumed.
Endemic hepatitis E in two Nordic countries (2009)

Antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) were found in 248 Swedish and Danish patients between 1993 and 2007. Most patients were symptomatic and tested for anti-HEV due to travel abroad. Among patients with known country of infection, most were infected in Asia, mainly on the Indian subcontinent. However, 29 patients were infected in Europe, nine of these had HEV IgM and/or HEV RNA in serum. In sera from 65 of 141 tested patients HEV RNA could be detected, and 63 strains could be typed by limited sequencing within ORF2. HEV RNA was found in sera from 71% of the patients with HEV IgM and IgG and in 18% of the patients with only detectable HEV IgG. It was also found up to three weeks after the onset of disease in 67% of the patients with known date of onset. Patients infected in Europe were infected by genotype 3, and were older than those infected by genotype 1 (mean age 55.3 vs 30 years, p<0.001). Since it is known that genotype 3 can infect domestic pigs, HEV strains from 18 piglets in 17 herds in Sweden and Denmark were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of the genotype 3 strains showed geographical clades and high similarity between strains from patients and pigs from the same area. There are thus autochthonous hepatitis E cases in Scandinavia, and there are probably many undiagnosed ones. Patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology should therefore be investigated for anti-HEV even if they have not been outside Europe, since infections acquired from pigs or other animals should be taken into consideration.
Confidential Counselling Service: A New Breed of EAP? (1992)

Counselling at work services are developing all the time. Traditionally they fall into two groups: in‐house and contracted out services. Confidential Counselling Services (CCS) provides an alternative: a dedicated out‐of‐house service delivered via a known counsellor(s). Provides a descriptive outline of CCS. The second part considers whether CCS is an Employee Assistance Programme (EAP). Presents a historical overview of their development, leading to a four‐stage model of EAPs. From this suggests a typology of EAPs: disease; client centred; employee‐work interface; and, the company as client. Research is needed to demonstrate the existence of this typology. In terms of the above, and its core functions, CCS bears some of the hallmarks of an EAP.
Phase-Transfer Catalysis (1997)

Phase-Transfer Catalysis ("PTC") continued to grow significantly during the past decade. The driving forces for industrial and academic PTC research are stronger than ever. Even in light of the impressive growth of PTC, much progress has yet to be made both in the fundamentals of PTC and its industrial application. Chemical companies which focus on cutting cost of manufacture and pollution prevention have much to gain by implementing PTC to reap great benefit. PTC trends, barriers and opportunities are discussed.
Integrated device for combined optical neuromodulation and electrical recording for chronic<i>in vivo</i>applications (2011)

Studying brain function and its local circuit dynamics requires neural interfaces that can record and stimulate the brain with high spatiotemporal resolution. Optogenetics, a technique that genetically targets specific neurons to express light-sensitive channel proteins, provides the capability to control central nervous system neuronal activity in mammals with millisecond time precision. This technique enables precise optical stimulation of neurons and simultaneous monitoring of neural response by electrophysiological means, both in the vicinity of and distant to the stimulation site. We previously demonstrated, in vitro, the dual capability (optical delivery and electrical recording) while testing a novel hybrid device (optrode-MEA), which incorporates a tapered coaxial optical electrode (optrode) and a 100 element microelectrode array (MEA). Here we report a fully chronic implant of a new version of this device in ChR2-expressing rats, and demonstrate its use in freely moving animals over periods up to 8 months. In its present configuration, we show the device delivering optical excitation to a single cortical site while mapping the neural response from the surrounding 30 channels of the 6 × 6 element MEA, thereby enabling recording of optically modulated single-unit and local field potential activity across several millimeters of the neocortical landscape.
Identification of Morphine-6-glucuronide in Chromaffin Cell Secretory Granules (2006)

We report for the first time that morphine-6-glucuronide, a highly analgesic morphine-derived molecule, is present in adrenal chromaffin granules and secreted from chromaffin cells upon stimulation. We also demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (alternatively named Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein or RKIP) acts as an endogenous morphine-6-glucuronide-binding protein. An UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B-like enzyme, described to transform morphine into morphine-6-glucuronide, has been immunodetected in the chromaffin granule matrix, and morphine-6-glucuronide de novo synthesis has been characterized, demonstrating the possible involvement of intragranular UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B-like enzyme in morphine-6-glucuronide metabolism. Once secreted into the circulation, morphine-6-glucuronide may mediate several systemic actions (e.g. on immune cells) based on its affinity for mu-opioid receptors. These activities could be facilitated by phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP), acting as a molecular shield and preventing morphine-6-glucuronide from rapid clearance. Taken together, our data represent an important observation on the role of morphine-6-glucuronide as a new endocrine factor.
Open Research Projects and Public Sociology: Students Communicating Creatively in the Classroom and Beyond (2020)

As teachers, we often deny students the freedom to choose topics of inquiry and methods of communication. We have developed an open research project that challenges students to identify a social problem, gather research, and apply what they have learned by targeting an audience and developing a strategy for effective communication. This assignment centers a “problem-posing” focus that tasks students with confronting relevant issues in their lives and communities. It emphasizes public sociology by shifting the audience for their projects from instructors to classmates, families, communities, and beyond. Students have communicated their work through a variety of mediums, including children’s books, videos, poetry, photojournalism, and other artistic formats. We discuss challenges and strategies involved with this open project. Paradoxically, we have learned from this project that lots of freedom requires lots of structure. We find that for students to create high-quality public sociology, teachers must commit to providing clear expectations, deadlines, communication, and accountability.
Hot-Drive - Preliminary retrieved POI cognitive driver navigation system (2006)

In these days, car navigation is a popular driver assistance system which shows map, and gives route guidance to driver. Normally, navigation is embedded or fixed to car, and gives inconvenient user interface to handle. When a driver is going to go unfamiliar place, looks up the map, and plans driving course before departure. People can easily find the information of POI (Point of interest) and make a driving plan before departure using e-Map. This e-Map can be internet based or standalone software, however usually works on PC. However, if it is long-distance/time traveling or there are many POIs exist, it becomes a burden on driver to remember all. It is also wasteful redundant job to find POI just retrieved on e-Map, but on the car navigation again. Furthermore in traditional navigation, if there are plural destinations, we needed to set each next destination after we get there. We can use external storage card to carry user data, but this requires extra concentration to driver to handle. This paper shows prototype of Hot-Drive system, that user can use custom data transparent to location with short range wireless communication. Evaluated system consists of RF I/F embedded Smart key, Car Navigation and Host PC, which uses 2.4 GHz and 802.15.4 MAC with custom stack. We show an interactive framework sharing a user data between driver and vehicle with less user concentration could be expended to intelligent vehicle with adaptive user interface
Reduced scan shift: a new testing method for sequential circuits (2002)

This paper presents a new testing method for sequential circuits, called reduced scan shift, which generates short test sequences. In this method, only part of flip-flops close to the scan input line are controlled and another part of flip-flops close to the scan output line are observed by scan shift operations as small as possible. For the purpose of reducing scan shift operations, the following points are considered: (1) how to decide target faults which each test vector should detects, (2) how to arrange flip-flops in the scan chain, (3) how to decide the order of test vectors. Experimental results for ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits are given to show the effectiveness of this method.
Cooling Effectiveness of a Hybrid Microclimate Garment (1988)

A prototype microclimate cooling garment that would allow the wearer to connect to either an air or a liquid cooling unit was tested and compared with existing air and liquid vests. Five male soldiers wore the three garments (hybrid, air, and liquid) on different days while walking on a treadmill in a climatically controlled environment. The chamber conditions were: dry bulb temperature, 38c (100F); relative humidity, 20%. The exercise generated a 332-W metabolic rate. The average metabolic rate (including rest periods) was 287 W. The hybrid garment, in either mode, performed as well as the individual air and liquid garments. Though the hybrid vest succeeded physiologically, comfort and fit problems were revealed that will require major changes in the next iteration.
Amantadine Therapy for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis (1985)

We carried out a double blind control study of fatigue in 32 patients with multiple sclerosis, comparing amantadine hydrochloride 100 mg twice a day and placebo. On amantadine 31% had marked improvement; 15.6% moderate improvement; 15.6% mild improvement; and 36.5% unchanged. On placebo, none noted marked improvement; one claimed moderate improvement on either amantadine or placebo. 18.7% reported mild improvement on placebo; and most of them had similar or more response to amantadine. No patient selected placebo over amantadine at the end of the trial. Overall improvement was seen in 62.5% of patients on amantadine and 21.8% on placebo. Additional experience up to two years suggests continued benefit but common and important side-effects.
Management of Guillain-Barré syndrome. (1987)

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a predominantly motor polyradiculoneuropathy in which neurological deficit reaches a peak within 1 month of onset. Seventy per cent of patients recover within 1 year, but 10% die and 20% have residual disability. Plasma exchange is advocated for severe cases early in the course of the disease but the role of steroids has yet to be determined.
Text entry using soft keyboards (1999)

Text entry rates are explored for several variations of soft keyboards. We present a model to predict novice and expert entry rates and present an empirical test with 24 subjects. Six keyboards were examined: the Qwerty, ABC, Dvorak, Fitaly, JustType, and telephone. At 8 10 wpm, novice predictions are low for all layouts because the dominant factor is the visual scan time, rather than the movement time. Expert predictions are in the range of 22 56 wpm, although these were not tested empirically. In a quick, novice test with a representative phrase of text, subjects achieved rates of 20.2 wpm (Qwerty), 10.7 wpm (ABC), 8.5 wpm (Dvorak), 8.0 wpm (Fitaly), 7.0 wpm (JustType), and 8.0 wpm (telephone). The Qwerty rate of 20.2 wpm is consistent with observations in other studies. The relatively high rate for Qwerty suggests that there is skill transfer from users' familiarity with desktop computers to the stylus tapping task.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening and Evaluation of Railroad Bridge Members (2010)

In this work, damaged timber railroad bridge stringers and piles were rehabilitated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, and tested. Four timber stringers (152 × 203 × 3560 mm) removed from the field were rehabilitated with GFRP spray lay-up and GFRP wrap vacuum bagging methods. GFRP strengthening increased the shear moduli of the two stringers by 41 and 267%. Rehabilitation and load testing were also performed on an open-deck-timber railroad bridge built during the early 1900s on the South Branch Valley Railroad (SBVR) owned by the West Virginia Department of Transportation (WVDOT) in Moorefield, WV, USA. Specifically, field rehabilitation involved repairing piles using GFRP composite wraps and phenolic formaldehyde adhesives. Static and dynamic tests using a 80 ton locomotive showed that the rehabilitated piles and pile cap showed a 43 and 46% strain reduction, respectively. Dynamic load amplification factor was noted to be almost close to a speed of 24 km/h.
Some Quaternary Ammonium Silicates. (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Quaternary Ammonium Silicates.Reynold C. Merrill and Robert W. SpencerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1951, 55, 2, 187–195Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150485a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j150485a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A novel method for preparing ultra-fine alumina-borate oxide fibres via an electrospinning technique (2002)

Alumina-borate/PVA composite fibres were prepared using sol–gel processing and an electrospinning technique. After calcination of the thin fibres, ultra-fine fibres of alumina-borate oxide with a diameter of about 550 nm could be prepared. The fibres were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the crystalline phase and morphology of alumina-borate fibres were largely influenced by the calcination temperature.
Efficacy of Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water for Inactivating <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> , and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (1999)

The efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated. A five-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7, S. enteritidis, or L. monocytogenes of approximately 10(8) CFU/ml was inoculated in 9 ml of electrolyzed oxidizing water (treatment) or 9 ml of sterile, deionized water (control) and incubated at 4 or 23 degrees C for 0, 5, 10, and 15 min; at 35 degrees C for 0, 2, 4, and 6 min; or at 45 degrees C for 0, 1, 3, and 5 min. The surviving population of each pathogen at each sampling time was determined on tryptic soy agar. At 4 or 23 degrees C, an exposure time of 5 min reduced the populations of all three pathogens in the treatment samples by approximately 7 log CFU/ml, with complete inactivation by 10 min of exposure. A reduction of >/=7 log CFU/ml in the levels of the three pathogens occurred in the treatment samples incubated for 1 min at 45 degrees C or for 2 min at 35 degrees C. The bacterial counts of all three pathogens in control samples remained the same throughout the incubation at all four temperatures. Results indicate that electrolyzed oxidizing water may be a useful disinfectant, but appropriate applications need to be validated.
The influence of components of M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria upon antibody production to ovalbumin. (1958)

The inclusion of wax D fractions of the strains Test, Canetti and H(37) Rv of human type M. tuberculosis in water-in-oil emulsions containing ovalbumin produced an increase in serum anti-ovalbumin levels measured at three weeks following a single injection into guinea-pigs, as compared with the levels of antibody in control animals which received ovalbumin emulsions lacking these fractions. When this activity is determined at five-fold dose differences with equal weights of whole heat-killed M. tuberculosis Canetti and a wax D fraction of this organism both showed the same order of activity within the levels of accuracy of the trial, and both were active at doses of 40 μg. and above. The following fractions from Mycobacteria were found to be inactive in increasing serum anti-ovalbumin under these conditions: phosphatide of M. tuberculosis H(37) Rv, wax C of M. tuberculosis Canetti, wax D of M. avium strain No. 802, wax D of M. phlei and M. smegmatis, phthiocerol di-acetate, trehalose di-mycolate (cord factor), mycolic acid, methyl mycolate and polysaccharide from wax D of M. tuberculosis Canetti. Dried bacilli from three Mycobacteria: M. tuberculosis B.C.G., M. smegmatis, M. phlei and delipidated M. tuberculosis of the bovine type Marmorek were found to be active in increasing serum anti-ovalbumin levels. The activity of the wax D fractions of human types and the inactivity of the corresponding fractions of bovine, avian, and saprophytic types of Mycobacteria suggest that the adjuvant activity of the former is specifically due to the presence of the amino acids alanine, glutamic acid and α,ε-diaminopimelic acid they contain; these three amino acids, forming a peptide linked to the polysaccharide which is esterified with mycolic acid, seem to be necessary for the adjuvant activity observed in our experiments; hydrolysis destroys the activity of these wax D fractions. The activity of the delipidated bacterial residues of human and bovine M. tuberculosis, as well as avian and saprophytic Mycobacteria, can be explained by the probable presence in these materials of a similar insoluble compound containing the three amino acids (alanine, glutamic acid and α,ε-diaminopimelic acid) linked to a polysaccharide which is esterified with mycolic acid. Data are given of the morphological changes in guinea-pigs which constantly followed the injection of active bacilli or fractions.
The salivary scavenger and agglutinin binds MBL and regulates the lectin pathway of complement in solution and on surfaces (2012)

The salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA), also known as gp340, salivary agglutinin and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1, is a 340-kDa glycoprotein expressed on mucosal surfaces and secreted into several body fluids. SALSA binds to a broad variety of microbes and endogenous ligands, such as complement factor C1q, surfactant proteins D and A, and IgA. Our search for novel ligands of SALSA by direct protein-interaction studies led to the identification of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) as a new binding partner. We observed that surface-associated SALSA activates complement via binding of MBL. On the other hand, soluble SALSA was found to inhibit Candida albicans-induced complement activation. Thus, SALSA has a dual complement activation modifying function. It activates the lectin pathway when bound to a surface and inhibits it when free in the fluid phase. These activities are mediated via a direct interaction with MBL. This suggests that SALSA could target the innate immune responses to certain microorganisms and simultaneously limit complement activation in the fluid phase.