gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building volumetric appearance models of fabric using micro CT imaging (2014)

Cloth is essential to our everyday lives; consequently, visualizing and rendering cloth has been an important area of research in graphics for decades. One important aspect contributing to the rich appearance of cloth is its complex 3D structure. Volumetric algorithms that model this 3D structure can correctly simulate the interaction of light with cloth to produce highly realistic images of cloth. But creating volumetric models of cloth is difficult: writing specialized procedures for each type of material is onerous, and requires significant programmer effort and intuition. Further, the resulting models look unrealistically "perfect" because they lack visually important features like naturally occurring irregularities. This paper proposes a new approach to acquiring volume models, based on density data from X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans and appearance data from photographs under uncontrolled illumination. To model a material, a CT scan is made, yielding a scalar density volume. This 3D data has micron resolution details about the structure of cloth but lacks all optical information. So we combine this density data with a reference photograph of the cloth sample to infer its optical properties. We show that this approach can easily produce volume appearance models with extreme detail, and at larger scales the distinctive textures and highlights of a range of very different fabrics such as satin and velvet emerge automatically---all based simply on having accurate mesoscale geometry.<!-- END_PAGE_1 -->
Acute myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with cardiac valve disease. Duke Heart Center Perioperative Desensitization Group. (1998)

Acute myocardial beta AR dysfunction occurs during CPB in patients with severe CVD requiring surgical correction, with or without preexisting CHF. The primary underlying mechanism involves functional uncoupling of the beta AR signal transduction pathway at the level of the AC moiety. This information should facilitate development of agents designed to prevent acute myocardial beta AR dysfunction during CPB, potentially leading to improved outcome in this high-risk population.
Environmentally benign batteries based on organic radical polymers (2009)

A radical polymer is an aliphatic organic polymer bearing densely populated unpaired electrons in the pendant robust radical groups per repeating unit. These radicals’ unpaired electrons are characterized by very fast electron-transfer reactivity, allowing reversible charging as the electrode-active materials for secondary batteries. Organic-based radical batteries have several advantages over conventional batteries, such as increased safety, adaptability to wet fabrication processes, easy disposability, and capability of fabrication from less-limited resources, which are described along the fashion of green chemistry.
Unresolved issues in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (2010)

For more than 25 years, the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) was considered the 'gold standard' for the treatment of aggressive lymphomas, 90% of which are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). After the demonstration of rituximab's single-agent activity in DLBCL, a pivotal trial in elderly patients demonstrated that combining rituximab with eight applications of CHOP significantly improved complete remission rates, and event-free and overall survival rates compared with CHOP alone. These positive results have meanwhile been confirmed by two additional randomized trials and have been extended to young patients with good-prognosis DLBCL by a fourth trial and rituximab, in combination with CHOP, has become accepted worldwide as the new standard for all DLBCL. Remaining issues concern biology-based approaches and the guidance of therapy by PET, the definition of the optimal dosage and schedule of rituximab for DLBCL, as well as the optimal chemotherapy regimen partner for rituximab. Finally, patients failing after rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy have a dismal prognosis and the treatment of these patients has become a prime challenge in the rituximab era.
Handsewn vs. stapled anastomoses in colon and rectal surgery (1998)

Although intraoperative technical problems and postoperative strictures were more common with stapled anastomoses, other outcome measures showed no difference between groups. Thus, both techniques are effective, and the choice may be based on personal preference.
Interfacing Electrocatalysis and Biocatalysis with Tungsten Carbide: A High‐Performance, Noble‐Metal‐Free Microbial Fuel Cell (2006)

Economic power: A robust and low-cost microbial fuel cell has a tungsten carbide anode electrocatalyst, a pyrolyzed iron(III) phthalocyanine cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction, and hydrogen-producing soil bacteria as biocatalysts (see picture). Power and current densities of up to 585 μW cm−2 and 3 mA cm−2, respectively, are achieved.
Independent Cell Types Are Involved in the Induction of Antimelanoma Responses in C57BL/6 Mice Immunized with Interleukin-2-Secreting Allogeneic Mouse Fibroblasts Expressing Melanoma-Associated Antigens (1993)

Cellular antimelanoma immune responses developed during the coincubation of spleen cells from naive C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) with LM mouse fibroblasts (H-2k) genetically modified to express melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) and to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 (RLBA-IL-2 cells). Antimelanoma responses also developed following coincubation of spleen cells from naive mice with allogeneic cells (H-2k) that expressed MAA, but did not secrete IL-2 (RLBA-ZipNeo cells), or allogeneic cells (H-2k) that secreted IL-2, but did not form MAA (LM-IL-2 cells). However, in these instances, the magnitude of the responses was significantly less (p < 0.01) than followed coincubation of spleen cells with the allogeneic cell construct (RLBA-IL-2) that combined IL-2 secretion with the expression of MAA. LM(TK-) cells (H-2k) or B16 cells (H-2b) failed to generate antimelanoma immune responses in populations of spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. The cell types involved in the induction of the antimelanoma response by the genetically modified cells were determined by prior depletion of T-cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies before the addition of the cellular immunogens. Antimelanoma responses failed to develop in spleen cell populations depleted of T-helper cells if the cellular immunogen was non-IL-2 secreting (RLBA-ZipNeo cells). Prior depletion of T-helper cells did not affect the induction of an antimelanoma response in cell populations coincubated with constructs (RLBA-IL-2 or LM-IL-2) modified to secrete IL-2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wikipedia Vandal Early Detection: from User Behavior to User Embedding (2017)

Wikipedia is the largest online encyclopedia that allows anyone to edit articles. In this paper, we propose the use of deep learning to detect vandals based on their edit history. In particular, we develop a multi-source long-short term memory network (M-LSTM) to model user behaviors by using a variety of user edit aspects as inputs, including the history of edit reversion information, edit page titles and categories. With M-LSTM, we can encode each user into a low dimensional real vector, called user embedding. Meanwhile, as a sequential model, M-LSTM updates the user embedding each time after the user commits a new edit. Thus, we can predict whether a user is benign or vandal dynamically based on the up-to-date user embedding. Furthermore, those user embeddings are crucial to discover collaborative vandals.
Simple method for detecting fluconazole-resistant yeasts with chromogenic agar (1996)

A method for detecting fluconazole-resistant yeasts was developed that uses chromogenic agar containing fluconazole. Yeasts were plated on media with fluconazole at 0, 8, and 16 micrograms/ml. On media without fluconazole, normal growth of susceptible yeasts (defined as those having a fluconazole MIC of < 8 micrograms/ml) was detected, while fluconazole-containing media suppressed susceptible strains and normal colonies of resistant yeasts (fluconazole MICs of > or = 8 micrograms/ml) were detected. This method was used to screen for resistance in oropharyngeal candidiasis. Isolates having fluconazole MICs of > or = 8 micrograms/ml and < 8 micrograms/ml were correctly predicted in 43 of 45 cultures and 115 of 116 cultures, respectively. This screening method appears to be rapid and sensitive for detection of fluconazole-resistant yeasts.
Preferential oxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide for gas cleanup during methanol fuel processing (1993)

Methanol fuel processing generates hydrogen for low-temperature, PEM fuel cell systems now being considered for transportation and other applications. Although liquid methanol fuel is convenient for this application, existing fuel processing techniques generate contaminants that degrade fuel cell performance. Through mathematical models and laboratory experiments chemical processing is described that removes CO and other contaminants from the anode feed stream.
Inhibitory GH Receptor Extracellular Domain Monoclonal Antibodies: Three-Dimensional Epitope Mapping (2011)

10.1210/en.2011-1336
A Shiftrix for High-Speed Multiplication (1965)

The concept of the shiftrix matrix is due to Dr. G. Estrin [1] of the UCLA Department of Engineering. In broad terms the shiftrix is a device for speeding up the multiplication operation in computers by making use of complete parallelism in the shifting operation to reduce the total shifting time to a negligible value. A similar device to accomplish the same purpose has been devised by Richards [2].
Amorphous Drug Nanosuspensions. 1. Inhibition of Ostwald Ripening (2005)

Amorphous drug nanosuspensions are prone to particle growth due to Ostwald ripening. By incorporating a second component of extremely low aqueous solubility, Ostwald ripening can be inhibited. These studies indicate that to inhibit ripening, the drug/inhibitor mixture (in the particles) must form a single phase. The drug/inhibitor mixture can be characterized by the interaction parameter chi using the Bragg-Williams theory, in which single phase mixtures are obtained for chi < 2. The chi parameter can be calculated from the (crystalline) solubility of the drug in the inhibitor, provided the inhibitor is a liquid, and the melting entropy and temperature of the drug.
Functional expression cloning reveals a central role for the receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) in T cell apoptosis (2005)

Mammalian cDNA expression cloning was used to identify novel genes that regulate apoptosis. Using a functional screen, we identified a partial cDNA for the receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) through selection for resistance to phytohemagglutinin and gamma-irradiation. Expression of this partial cDNA in T cell lines using a mammalian expression vector produced an increase in RACK1 expression and resulted in resistance to dexamethasone- and ultraviolet-induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of RACK1 using RNA interference abolished the resistance of the transfected cells to apoptosis. Overexpression of full-length RACK1 also resulted in the suppression of apoptosis mediated by several apoptotic stimuli, and this effect was quantitatively consistent with the effects of the original cDNA isolated on endogenous RACK1 levels. Together, these findings suggest that RACK1 plays an important role in the intracellular signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis in T cells.
Rescue of abasic hammerhead ribozymes by exogenous addition of specific bases. (1996)

We have synthesized 13 hammerhead ribozyme variants, each containing an abasic residue at a specific position of the catalytic core. The activity of each of the variants is significantly reduced. In four cases, however, activity can be rescued by exogenous addition of the missing base. For one variant, the rescue is 300-fold; for another, the rescue is to the wild-type level. This latter abasic variant (G10.1X) has been characterized in detail. Activation is specific for guanine, the base initially removed. In addition, the specificity for guanine versus adenine is substantially altered by replacing C with U in the opposite strand of the ribozyme. These results show that a binding site for a small, noncharged ligand can be created in a preexisting ribozyme structure. This has implications for structure-function analysis of RNA, and leads to speculations about evolution in an "RNA world" and about the potential therapeutic use of ribozymes.
Lipschitz Stability for Non-Instantaneous Impulsive Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with State Dependent Delays (2018)

In this paper, we study Lipschitz stability of Caputo fractional differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses and state dependent delays. The study is based on Lyapunov functions and the Razumikhin technique. Our equations in particular include constant delays, time variable delay, distributed delay, etc. We consider the case of impulses that start abruptly at some points and their actions continue on given finite intervals. The study of Lipschitz stability by Lyapunov functions requires appropriate derivatives among fractional differential equations. A brief overview of different types of derivative known in the literature is given. Some sufficient conditions for uniform Lipschitz stability and uniform global Lipschitz stability are obtained by an application of several types of derivatives of Lyapunov functions. Examples are given to illustrate the results.
Functional role of T-cell receptor nanoclusters in signal initiation and antigen discrimination (2016)

Antigen recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. When the TCR engages a peptide bound to the restricting major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC), it transmits a signal via the associated CD3 complex. How the extracellular antigen recognition event leads to intracellular phosphorylation remains unclear. Here, we used single-molecule localization microscopy to quantify the organization of TCR-CD3 complexes into nanoscale clusters and to distinguish between triggered and nontriggered TCR-CD3 complexes. We found that only TCR-CD3 complexes in dense clusters were phosphorylated and associated with downstream signaling proteins, demonstrating that the molecular density within clusters dictates signal initiation. Moreover, both pMHC dose and TCR-pMHC affinity determined the density of TCR-CD3 clusters, which scaled with overall phosphorylation levels. Thus, TCR-CD3 clustering translates antigen recognition by the TCR into signal initiation by the CD3 complex, and the formation of dense signaling-competent clusters is a process of antigen discrimination.
High-performance fuel electrodes based on NbTi0.5M0.5O4 (M = Ni, Cu) with reversible exsolution of the nano-catalyst for steam electrolysis (2013)

This paper investigates potential fuel electrode materials NbTi0.5M0.5O4 (M = Ni, Cu) for solid oxide steam electrolysers. Efficient catalytic metallic Ni and Cu nanoparticles are exsolved and anchor onto the surface of the highly electronically conducting material Nb1.33Ti0.67O4, forming an enhanced composite fuel electrode in the in situ reduction. The XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS results together confirm that the exsolution or dissolution of the nanometallic catalyst is completely reversible in the redox cycles. The electrical properties of the reduced NbTi0.5M0.5O4 ceramic fuel electrode is systematically investigated and correlated to the electrochemical performance of the composite fuel electrodes in symmetric cells or electrolysis cells. The synergetic effect of the metallic catalyst and ceramic fuel electrode leads to the excellent stability as well as the superior performance of the direct steam electrolysis without a flow of reducing gas over the composite fuel electrodes. The Faradic efficiencies of the steam electrolysis reach 95% and 97% for the Ni- and Cu-enhanced fuel electrodes on flowing reducing gas over the fuel electrodes, respectively, however, comparable performance is achieved for the direct steam electrolysis with Ni- and Cu-enhanced fuel electrodes without flowing reducing gas over the composite fuel electrodes.
Synthesis of 4,12‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquino‐[1,8a,8‐<i>a,b</i>]quinoxaline‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives (1988)

Abstract The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1‐substituted amino‐2‐fluoro‐4,12‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquino[1,8a,8‐ a,b ]quinoxaline‐5‐carboxylic acid derivatives are described. The synthetic route includes a carbon homologation and two intramolecular nucleophilic displacement cyclization reactions leading to the novel 4,12‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquino[1,8a,8‐ a,b ]quinoxaline‐5‐carboxylic acid heterocycle.
Error bounds for approximations with deep ReLU networks (2016)

We study expressive power of shallow and deep neural networks with piece-wise linear activation functions. We establish new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the network complexity in the setting of approximations in Sobolev spaces. In particular, we prove that deep ReLU networks more efficiently approximate smooth functions than shallow networks. In the case of approximations of 1D Lipschitz functions we describe adaptive depth-6 network architectures more efficient than the standard shallow architecture.
Star‐shaped polystyrenes with glycoconjugated periphery and interior: Synthesis and entrapment of hydrophilic molecule (2005)

Abstract Star‐shaped polystyrenes with acetyl glucose in the periphery and interior were synthesized via two‐steps, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated living radical polymerizations. In the first step, styrene (St) was polymerized with 4‐[1′‐(2″,2″,6″,6″‐tetramethyl‐1″‐piperidinyloxy)ethyl]phenyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside, 1 , at 120 °C to afford a TEMPO‐terminated polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the chain‐end, arm‐polymer 2 . Similarly, St was polymerized with 1‐phenyl‐1‐(2′,2′,6′,6′‐tetramethyl‐1′‐piperidinyloxy)ethane, 3 , to obtain a TEMPO‐terminated polystyrene, arm‐polymer 4 . In the second step, the coupling reaction of arm‐polymer 2 was performed using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a linking agent in m ‐xylene at 138 °C, giving a star‐shaped polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the periphery, 5 . The coupling reaction of arm‐polymer 4 with DVB was carried out in the presence of 1 , which produced a star‐shaped polystyrene with acetyl glucose in the interior, 6 . Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) measurements indicated that 5 and 6 existed as the particles in toluene with the average diameters ranging from 12–40 nm. The numbers of the arm ( N arm ) were 12–23 and 6–64 for 5 and 6 , respectively, which were determined by their isolated yields and static laser light scattering (SLS) measurements. The numbers of the acetyl glucose units ( N 1 ) were 12–23 and 9–104 for 5 and 6 , respectively, which were determined from specific rotation ([α] 365 ). Finally, 5 and 6 were modified by deacetylation using sodium methoxide, producing star‐shaped polystyrenes with glucose in the periphery and interior, 7 and 8 , respectively. The final architectures were found to entrap a hydrophilic molecule at their glycoconjugated periphery or interior in good solvents for polystyrene such as chloroform. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4373–4381, 2005
Hoghall money (1868)

Journal Article Hoghall money Get access W. J. C. W. J. C. 112, Augestus Street, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-II, Issue 38, 19 September 1868, Pages 275–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-II.38.275h Published: 19 September 1868
Structural dependence of oxygen reduction reaction on palladium nanocrystals (2011)

We have synthesized sub-10 nm Pd cubic and octahedral nanocrystals and then evaluated their activities towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ORR activity of Pd nanocubes was one order of magnitude higher than that of Pd octahedra, and comparable to that of the state-of-the-art Pt catalysts.
bor gene of phage lambda, involved in serum resistance, encodes a widely conserved outer membrane lipoprotein (1995)

bor is one of two recently identified genes of phage lambda which are expressed during lysogeny and whose products display homology to bacterial virulence proteins. bor is closely related to the iss locus of plasmid CoIV,I-K94, which promotes bacterial resistance to serum complement killing in vitro and virulence in animals. bor has a similar in vitro effect. We show here that the bor gene product is a lipoprotein located in the Escherichia coli outer membrane. We also find that antigenically related proteins are expressed by lysogens of a number of other lambdoid coliphage, in cells carrying the cloned iss gene, and in several clinical isolates of E. coli. These results demonstrate that bor sequences are widespread and present a starting point for mechanistic analysis of bor-mediated serum resistance.
A data streaming algorithm for estimating subpopulation flow size distribution (2005)

Statistical information about the flow sizes in the traffic passing through a network link helps a network operator to characterize network resource usage, infer traffic demands, detect traffic anomalies, and improve network performance through traffic engineering. Previous work on estimating the flow size distribution for the complete population of flows has produced techniques that either make inferences from sampled network traffic, or use data streaming approaches. In this work, we identify and solve a more challenging problem of estimating the size distribution and other statistical information about arbitrary subpopulations of flows. Inferring subpopulation flow statistics is more challenging than the complete population counterpart, since subpopulations of interest are often specified a posteriori (i.e., after the data collection is done), making it impossible for the data collection module to "plan in advance".Our solution consists of a novel mechanism that combines data streaming with traditional packet sampling to provide highly accurate estimates of subpopulation flow statistics. The algorithm employs two data collection modules operating in parallel --- a NetFlow-like packet sampler and a streaming data structure made up of an array of counters. Combining the data collected by these two modules, our estimation algorithm uses a statistical estimation procedure that correlates and decodes the outputs (observations) from both data collection modules to obtain flow statistics for any arbitrary subpopulation. Evaluations of this algorithm on real-world Internet traffic traces demonstrate its high measurement accuracy.
Inter-die signaling in three dimensional integrated circuits (2008)

This work discusses a three dimensional network on chip (3D NoC) fabricated in the 0.18 mum MIT Lincoln Laboratories 3D FDSOI 1.5 V process. As a proof of concept, a three tier, 27 node, NoC test chip occupying 4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per tier was designed and tested. It is the first of its kind to demonstrate successful inter-tier signaling in a complex three dimensional design, and validates the technology as a viable alternative to the continued scaling of conventional CMOS processes. Simulated results show that when implemented in this 3D process, simple 3D mesh interconnection networks allow for the sharing of global routing resources for complex systems while consuming an extremely low 2 mW of power per transaction. Using these results, we establish the need for a 3D network simulator to quantify the advantage 3D circuit implementations have over 2D.