gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A1 antagonists. 3. Structure-activity relationships on amelioration against scopolamine- or N6-[(R)-phenylisopropyl]adenosine-induced cognitive disturbance (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdenosine A1 antagonists. 3. Structure-activity relationships on amelioration against scopolamine- or N6-[(R)-phenylisopropyl]adenosine-induced cognitive disturbanceFumio Suzuki, Junichi Shimada, Shizuo Shiozaki, Shunji Ichikawa, Akio Ishii, Joji Nakamura, Hiromi Nonaka, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, and Eiichi FuseCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 17, 2508–2518Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00069a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00069a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
KIH-201: A New Enhancer of Chemiluminescence in the Luminol-Hydrogen Peroxide-Peroxidase System Characterized by A High-Performance Luminometer (1994)

Abstract We developed new phenolic enhancers of chemiluminescence in the luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase reaction. We designed, synthesized, and tested three series of phenolic enhancers as follows: 1) hydroxybenzylidene-cyclopentenediones (KIH-201, KIH-203, TX-1123, and TX-1124), 2) 4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitriles (TX-825, TX-1121, TX-1122, TX-1840 and SF-6847), and 3) 2, 4-dichlorophenol derivative (TX-816). Luminescence measurements were performed with a new high-performance luminometer, which have a superior photon counting system (gate time: 10–100 ms) and an automatic injector (variable range: 10–190 μA). We found that the arylidene-cyclopentenedione KIH-201 [2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-cyclo-pentene -1,3-dione] was an effective enhancer similar to that of p-iodophenol, known as the most strong enhancer of this chemiluminescent system. This KIH-201 will facilitate the luminol - hydrogen peroxide - horseradish peroxidase reaction to be sensitive chemiluminescence.
Interference Method for Measuring the Thickness of Epitaxially Grown Films (1961)

First Page
Rembrandt's Textural Agency: A Shared Perspective in Visual Art and Science (2010)

The authors hypothesize that Rembrandt developed new painterly techniques in order to engage and direct the gaze of the observer. Although these methods were not based on scientific evidence at the time, they are nonetheless consistent with a contemporary understanding of human vision. The authors propose that artists in the late early-modern period developed the technique of textural agency—selective variation in image detail—to guide the observer's eye and thereby influence the viewing experience. They conclude with the presentation of laboratory evidence that Rembrandt's techniques indeed guide the modern viewer's eye as proposed.
Benzylbenzaldoxime<sup>1</sup> (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzylbenzaldoxime1E. WertheimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 6, 2540–2543Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01333a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01333a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hexokinase—A limiting factor in lipid production from fructose in Yarrowia lipolytica (2014)

Microbial biolipid production has become an important part of making biofuel production economically feasible. Genetic engineering has been used to improve the ability of Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, to produce lipids using glucose-based media. However, few studies have examined lipid accumulation by Y. lipolytica's ability to utilize other hexose sugars, and as of yet, the rate-limiting steps in this process are unidentified. In this study, we investigated the de novo accumulation of lipids by Y. lipolytica when grown in glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Three Y. lipolytica wild-type (WT) strains of varied origin differed significantly in their lipid production, growth, and fructose utilization. Hexokinase (ylHXK1p) activity partially explained these differences. Overexpression of the ylHXK1 gene led to increased hexokinase activity (6.5-12 times higher) in the mutants versus the WT strains; a pronounced reduction in cell filamentation in mutants grown in fructose-based media; and improved biomass production, particularly in the mutant whose parent had shown the lowest growth capacity in fructose (French strain W29). All mutants showed improved lipid yield and production when grown on fructose, although the effect was strain dependent (23-55% improvement). Finally, we overexpressed ylHXK1 in a highly modified strain of Y. lipolytica W29 engineered to optimize oil production. This modification was combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene expression to evaluate the resulting mutant's ability to produce lipids using cheap industrial substrates, namely sucrose (a major component of molasses). Sucrose turned out to be a better substrate than either of its building blocks, glucose or fructose. Over its 96 h of growth in the bioreactors, this highly modified strain produced 9.15 g L(-1) of lipids, yielding 0.262 g g(-1) of biomass.
Influence of implantation induced damage in sapphire upon improvement of crystalline quality of silicon on sapphire (1985)

Crystalline quality improvement of silicon on sapphire (SOS) was carried out using thermal regrowth following Si implantation at energies of 130 and 150 keV, where the projected range of Si corresponded to and exceeded the SOS film thickness, respectively. Under the latter implant condition, it has been shown from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements that damage in sapphire does not anneal out after annealing at 1000 °C. RBS and Hall measurements have revealed that the damage introduced into the sapphire during implantation limits the degree of improvement in crystallographic and electrical properties of SOS.
CpG ODN enhances uptake of bacteria by mouse macrophages (2003)

Unmethylated CpG motif in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) or bacterial DNA is well recognized for its role in innate immunity, including enhancing production of NO and cytokines by macrophages. In the present study, we demonstrated the effect of CpG ODN on the phagocytic uptake of bacteria by macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis of mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Burkholderia pseudomallei, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Escherichia coli showed that CpG ODN increased the uptake of these bacteria by mouse macrophages. The enhancement of bacterial uptake by CpG ODN was concentration-dependent. The increase of bacterial uptake by CpG ODN-activated macrophages shown above is consistent with the result of bacteria internalization study using a standard antibiotic protection assay. There was also an increase in the rate and degree of multi-nucleated giant cell formation, phenomena which have been shown previously to be unique when the cells were infected with B. pseudomallei. These observations may provide significant insights for future investigation into host cell-pathogen interaction.
Synthesis and biological activity of structural analogs of the anticancer benzophenanthridine alkaloid nitidine chloride (1984)

The indenoisoquinoline analogue 9 of nitidine (1) has been prepared and found to possess significant anticancer activity against L1210 lymphoid leukemia, P388 lymphocytic leukemia, and B16 melanocarcinoma. Analogue 14, which lacks the B ring of nitidine (1), has also been synthesized. Compound 14 retains the in vitro toxicity associated with nitidine (1) but is devoid of antileukemic activity. The structural factors that may contribute to the difference in biological activity between the two closely related analogues 9 and 14 are discussed.
Low-damping epsilon-near-zero slabs: Nonlinear and nonlocal optical properties (2013)

We investigate second-harmonic generation, low-threshold multistability, all-optical switching, and inherently nonlocal effects due to the free-electron gas pressure in an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial slab made of cylindrical, plasmonic nanoshells illuminated by TM-polarized light. Damping compensation in the ENZ frequency region, achieved by using gain medium inside the nanoshells' dielectric cores, enhances the nonlinear properties. Reflection is inhibited, and the electric field component normal to the slab interface is enhanced near the effective pseudo-Brewster angle, where the effective $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ condition triggers a nonresonant, impedance-matching phenomenon. We show that the slab displays a strong effective, spatial nonlocality associated with leaky modes that are mediated by the compensation of damping. The presence of these leaky modes then induces further spectral and angular conditions, where the local fields are enhanced, thus opening new windows of opportunity for the enhancement of nonlinear optical processes.
Reanalysis of P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor Expression in Rodent Brain (2004)

P2X receptors are cationic-selective ion channels gated by extracellular ATP. There are seven subunits (P2X1-7), the first six of which are expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. P2X7 receptors are rapidly upregulated and activated as a result of inflammatory stimuli in immune cells, where they act not only as cationic channels but uniquely couple with rapid release of proinflammatory cytokines, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and apoptosis or necrotic cell death. The P2X7 receptor has been termed the cytolytic non-neuronal P2X receptor because it had not been detected in neurons until recently when it has been immunolocalized to several brain regions, particularly the hippocampus, and has been suggested to be involved in presynaptic modulation of transmitter release. Because its expression in brain neurons may have substantial functional implications, we have performed detailed immunocytochemical, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation studies on brain and non-neuronal tissue using all currently available antibodies. We first examined rats, but staining patterns were inconsistent among antibodies; we therefore studied mice for which there are two P2X7 knock-out mice constructs available, one expressing the LacZ transgene. We found that P2X7 receptor protein is strongly and reliably detected in the submandibular gland and lung of wild-type mice but not in either of the P2X7-/- mice. However, we failed to find evidence for P2X7 receptor protein in hippocampal neurons or their input-output projections. Either the P2X7 protein in the hippocampus is below the limits of detection by the currently available methods or it is not present.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Pull Request on GitHub Projects (2016)

There is a trend in increased social involvement in software development process. Facilities supporting distributed software development and management have become a common practice in the community. Public involvement is further promoted by the incorporation of the social network features brought about by GitHub. The “following”and “watching”mechanisms, together with the pull-request facility, encourage wider and deeper involvement of the general public. While earlier studies have begun to study the possible effects of the increased publicity, their approaches are based on qualitative methods and their conclusions are only tentative. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study on the effects of pull request on 461 GitHub projects. Correlation study, factor analysis and MannWhitneyWilcoxon Test are conducted on the bug report data we gather from GitHub. From the empirical observations, we found that employing pull request can help increase the social impact of projects, resulting in more active development activity. However, it could also lead to prolonged bug fixing time.
Solving SAT Problem with Boolean Algebra (2010)

The satisfiability (SAT) problem is an important problem of automated reasoning. In the past decades, many methods of SAT are proposed, such as method based on resolution, method based on tableau and method based on extension rule. Based on the study of extension rule, we find that the SAT problem can be solved with hitting set algorithms. If we can find a hitting set of a clause set, and if there is not any pair of complementary literals in the hitting set, the clause set is satisfiable. Algorithm BHS based on Boolean algebra proposed by Jiang is an efficient hitting set algorithm. SSBF proposed in this paper is a revised algorithm of BHS that can be used to judge the satisfiability of a clause set. The test result shows that SSBF is an efficient algorithm.
Immunolocalization of NAIP in the human brain and spinal cord (2000)

The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) is known to have anti-apoptotic functions, and its gene is often mutated in severe cases of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration. In this study, we examined the distribution of the endogenous NAIP protein in normal human spinal cord and brain tissue by using a polyclonal antibody against NAIP. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that NAIP is strongly expressed in anterior horn and motor cortex neurons of normal brains, and it is not altered in the remaining motor neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). NAIP is also located in human fetal neurons and in adult choroid plexus cells. These results suggest that the anti apoptotic molecule NAIP may be important in motor neurons, but it specifically does not appear to be altered in ALS.
Liposome Clearance (2002)

The clearance rate of liposomal drugs from the circulation is determined by the rate and extent of both drug release and uptake of liposomes by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Intravenously injected liposomes initially come into contact with serum proteins. The interaction of liposomes with serum proteins is thought to play a critical role in the liposome clearance. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of serum proteins, so-called opsonins, that enhance the clearance of liposomes, when bound to liposomes. In addition to opsonin-dependent liposome clearance, opsonin-independent liposome clearance is also reviewed. As opposed to the conventional (non-surface modification) liposomes, we briefly address the issue of the accelerated clearance of PEGylated-liposomes (sterically stabilized liposomes, long-circulating liposomes) on repeated injection, a process that has recently been observed.
Testing SAP R/3: A Manager's Step-by-Step Guide (2007)

Testing SAP R/3: A Manager's Step-by-Step Guide shows how to implement a disciplined, efficient, and proven approach for testing SAP R/3 correctly from the beginning of the SAP implementation through post-production support. The book also shows SAP professionals how to efficiently provide testing coverage for all SAP objects before they are moved into a production environment.
A test case generation technique and process (2011)

It has been proven that the software testing phase is one of the most critical and important phases in the software development life cycle. In general, the software testing phase takes around 40-70 % of the effort, time, and cost. This area is well researched over a long period of time. Unfortunately, while many researchers have found methods of reducing time and cost during the testing process, there are still a number of important related issues that need to be researched. This paper introduces a new high level test case generation process with a requirement prioritization method to resolve the following research problems: unable to identify suitable test cases with limited resources, lack of an ability to identify critical domain requirements in the test case generation process and ignore a number of generated test cases. Also, this paper proposes a practical test case generation technique derived from use case diagram. Index Terms- test generation, testing and quality, test case generation, test generation technique and generate tests 1.
High Throughput Screening of Organic Electrode Materials for Lithium Battery by Theoretical Method (2015)

Screening the appropriate organic electrode material of a lithium battery from the organic structure database by the theoretical method efficiently is crucial for the further experimental study. Unfortunately, the density functional theory is not appropriate due to that it fails to calculate the van der Waals interaction between the organic molecules. In this work, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D2) was applied to study nine experimentally reported organic electrode materials, and the theoretical method successfully predicted their potentials, which suggests that it is a feasible method to search and investigate the organic electrode material. The method is further applied to investigate 31 organic crystallines selected from the CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre) database. The theoretical results show that the potentials range from 0.01 eV to 2.76 V, while the capacities distribute from 150 to 623 mAh·g–1, and most of the band gaps are smaller than 2.5 eV, which indicates that they are typical organic semiconductors with high electronic conductivity. The materials with a relatively high potential, high capacity, and small band gap are highligthed, including BAKGOJ, MEHROH, SUQDEN, and NUXGIW, which may be further investigated by experimenters.
Throat clearing may signal asthma (2003)

⧫ Mantzouranis EC, et al. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1502-1503.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]

Children who have a habit of clearing their throats may have a mild form of asthma, even if they do not show other recognized symptoms, according to researchers in Greece.

Investigators surveyed
Merkel cells in vitro: Production of nerve growth factor and selective interactions with sensory neurons (1991)

A method has been developed for obtaining mixed primary cultures of dissociated epidermis enriched in Merkel cells. Merkel cells obtained from embryonic rat buccal pads were grown in serum-free medium and identified in vitro using a variety of histological and immunohistochemical markers. Quinacrine, a fluorescent amine, which has been used to identify Merkel cells in situ, labeled a morphologically distinct population of cells in vitro. Cells labeled with quinacrine had a large, phase bright nucleus with prominent nucleoli, surrounded by a phase dark perinuclear ring. Antibodies directed against neuron-specific enolase, another marker for Merkel cells in situ, and antibodies against a well-characterized neuroendocrine vesicle antigen also labeled this population of quinacrine fluorescent cells. Electron microscopic examination of our cultures indicated that cells containing characteristic features of Merkel cells including cytoplasmic dense-cored granules were present. A small but significant increase in the number of Merkel cells was observed over time in culture. Merkel cells supported the survival and outgrowth of both trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons and sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglion in serum-free medium in the absence of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF). Immunoblots probed with antibodies directed against NGF demonstrated that NGF was present in the medium taken from these cultures. NGF-like immunoreactivity colocalized to cells containing quinacrine fluorescence in situ and in vitro. Addition of antibodies directed against NGF to cocultures of Merkel cells and neurons decreased survival of sympathetic neurons by 90% and decreased survival of sensory neurons by 60%. These results suggest that Merkel cells are capable of providing trophic support for their normal complement of sensory neurons by producing NGF. Selective recognition of these targets was studied in vitro by characterizing the interactions between Merkel cells and growth cones from sensory or sympathetic neurons using both time-lapse videomicroscopy and standard morphometry of fixed cocultures. The majority of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons (approximately 60%) extended growth cones onto clusters of Merkel cells. Neurites which contacted clusters of Merkel cells were significantly more highly branched than those growing on collagen. In contrast, the majority of sympathetic neurons (greater than 90%) failed to grow onto Merkel cells. Growth cones of sympathetic neurons often "collapsed" and retracted when contact was made with a cluster of Merkel cells. Fixation of Merkel cells with paraformaldehyde prior to coculture did not affect this difference between sensory and sympathetic neurite extension onto the Merkel cells. However, prior fixation of Merkel cells eradicated the apparent Merkel ce-induced branching of sensory neurites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Common deactivation patterns during working memory and visual attention tasks: An intra‐subject fMRI study at 4 Tesla (2006)

This parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the balance of negative and positive fMRI signals in the brain. A set of visual attention (VA) and working memory (WM) tasks with graded levels of difficulty was used to deactivate separate but overlapping networks that include the frontal, temporal, occipital, and limbic lobes; regions commonly associated with auditory and emotional processing. Brain activation (% signal change and volume) was larger for VA tasks than for WM tasks, but deactivation was larger for WM tasks. Load-related increases of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses for different levels of task difficulty cross-correlated strongly in the deactivated network during VA but less so during WM. The variability of the deactivated network across different cognitive tasks supports the hypothesis that global cerebral blood flow vary across different tasks, but not between different levels of task difficulty of the same task. The task-dependent balance of activation and deactivation might allow maximization of resources for the activated network.