gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vision based localization of a small UAV for generating a large mosaic image (2010)

This paper describes a way to generate mosaic image using a small lightweight UAV for effective remote sensing. Payload limits are the source of most error in small lightweight UAVs to generate accurate mosaic images. We have overcome inherent small lightweight UAV drawbacks by providing them with integration of a GPS receiver, inertial sensors, and an image sensor to generate a large mosaic image. Position and attitude data of a UAV is estimated using onboard sensors and image correlation from SIFT features between overlapped images. A nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to optimize the position and attitude of the UAV. We demonstrated that our proposed mosaic image effectively enables low-cost remote sensing using a small lightweight UAV.
Designing for the Web: getting started in a new medium (1996)

As more and more businesses seek a strong online presence on the World Wide Web, professional designers need to hone their skills for the Web. Many designers, however, may not know where to start. They may have used a browser, but may not have a clear picture of how Web documents are written, how images are incorporated into documents, or how different browsers can affect the appearance of their pages. This text explains how to work with HTML documents from a designer's point of view, outlines special problems with presenting information online, and walks through incorporating images into Web pages, with emphasis on resolution and improving efficiency. Since the Web browser itself controls what the users sees, this book discusses the different browsers available and how to make sure a document is most effective for a broad spectrum of browsers and platforms.
Pharmacological Promiscuity: Dependence on Compound Properties and Target Specificity in a Set of Recent Roche Compounds (2009)

The term "pharmacological promiscuity" describes a compound's pharmacological activity at multiple targets. Pharmacological promiscuity is undesired in typical drug discovery projects, which focus on the "one drug-one target" paradigm. Off-target activity can lead to adverse drug reactions, or can obscure pharmacodynamic effects in animal models. Therefore, advanced lead compounds, pharmacological tool compounds, and drug candidates are usually screened against panels of safety-relevant targets to detect unwanted pharmacological activities. To identify determinants of pharmacological promiscuity, we compared the panel screening outcomes of 213 recent Roche compounds with their molecular properties. Pronounced promiscuity was not observed below a threshold Clog P value of 2. For basic compounds, the propensity for weak off-target activity was found to increase with calculated basicities, whereas the potential for strong off-target activity depends more qualitatively on the presence of a positive charge at physiological pH. Compounds originating from projects with an aminergic receptor or transporter as a therapeutic target are particularly prone to promiscuity; the promiscuity of such compounds is mainly caused by their activity at other aminergic targets in the screening panel.
Subclinical depletion of primordial follicular reserve in mice treated with cyclophosphamide: clinical importance and proposed accurate investigative tool (1999)

Studies have shown that ovarian failure is a common side-effect of chemotherapy treatment; however, continuation of regular menses post-treatment does not necessarily imply that the ovaries have escaped damage. This animal study measures directly the primordial follicle (PMF) loss following exposure to chemotherapy and evaluates reproductive outcome following significant destruction of the PMF population. Inbred Balb/c mice aged 5-6 weeks were administered different doses of an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, and the total number of PMF remaining in both ovaries was counted. Results show that cyclophosphamide causes PMF destruction in proportion to increasing dose (P = 0.0001). Reproductive performance was assessed after exposure to 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, a dose which destroys approximately 50% of PMF reserve, by evaluation of ovulation, mating and pregnancy rates. Reproductive potential of treated mice was not affected compared with controls despite the significant loss of PMF. Our results indicate that reproductive performance is not an accurate parameter for assessing ovarian injury. Rather, histological counting of PMF number more directly reflects the damage caused by chemotherapy to the ovary. This method can be used as a sensitive, inexpensive tool to gauge the damage to fertility caused by new chemotherapy agents or protocols.
Direct colony PCR of several medically important fungi using Ampdirect plus. (2009)

Direct colony polymerase chain reaction (DCPCR) is a useful molecular biological technique for application in the field of mycology. In this study, all of the 63 fungal strains examined, including those of the genera Candida and Aspergillus, were amenable to DNA amplification using an Ampdirect(R) Plus kit, which allows direct PCR amplification with no requirement for DNA extraction, following 1 h of rapid fungal lysis. Moreover, we compared DCPCR of 35 strains, representing 20 species, using Ampdirect PCR and standard PCR with no lysis buffer. Thirty-four of these strains (97.14%) yielded positive results on Ampdirect PCR, while only 11 (including Aspergillus fumigatus TIMM1776) of the 35 strains (31.43%) showed PCR products when standard PCR reagents were used. Ampdirect DCPCR was also applicable to DNA amplification for spore and hyphal cells. This approach reduces DNA template preparation time before PCR from fungal colonies, and also reduces the cost of PCR.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded OFDM systems (2002)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very attractive technique for high-bit-rate data transmission in a multipath fading environment that causes intersymbol interference (ISI). There are many error-correcting codes applied to OFDM, convolutional codes, Reed-Solomon codes, turbo codes, and so on. Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have attracted much attention particularly in the field of coding theory. LDPC codes were proposed by Gallager (1962) and the performance is very close to the Shannon limit with practical decoding complexity like turbo codes. We propose LDPC coded OFDM (LDPC-COFDM) systems to improve the bit error rate (BER) of OFDM. We show that the BER of the LDPC-COFDM is worse than that of the TCOFDM on an AWGN channel, while that of the LDPC-COFDM is better than that of the turbo-coded OFDM (TCOFDM) on a frequency-selective fading channel.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF POSTHEMORRHAGE INFLAMMATION IN MICE (2009)

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) elicits a global acute inflammatory response, organ dysfunction, and death. We have used mathematical modeling of inflammation and tissue damage/dysfunction to gain insight into this complex response in mice. We sought to increase the fidelity of our mathematical model and to establish a platform for testing predictions of this model. Accordingly, we constructed a computerized, closed-loop system for mouse HS. The intensity, duration, and time to achieve target MAP could all be controlled using a software. Fifty-four male C57/black mice either were untreated or underwent surgical cannulation. The cannulated mice were divided into 8 groups: (a) 1, 2, 3, or 4 h of surgical cannulation alone and b) 1, 2, 3, or 4 h of cannulation + HS (25 mmHg). MAP was sustained by the computer-controlled reinfusion and withdrawal of shed blood within +/-2 mmHg. Plasma was assayed for the cytokines TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as the NO reaction products NO2-/NO3-. The cytokine and NO2-/NO3- data were compared with predictions from a mathematical model of post-hemorrhage inflammation, which was calibrated on different data. To varying degrees, the levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-10, and NO2/NO3 predicted by the mathematical model matched these data closely. In conclusion, we have established a hardware/software platform that allows for highly accurate, reproducible, and mathematically predictable HS in mice.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure of 7α-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-6, 14-endoethanotetrahydrothebaine (2005)

7α-[(S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-6,14-endoethanotetrahydrothebaine was synthesised and studied by 1 H NMR and MS spectroscopy, its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction.
MetaGeneAlyse: analysis of integrated transcriptional and metabolite data (2003)

The service is accessible via web-interface at http://metagenealyse.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/
Beyond Neglect: Preliminary Evidence of Retrospective Time Estimation Abnormalities in Non-Neglect Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients (2016)

Perception of the passage of time is essential for safe planning and navigation of everyday activities. Findings from the literature have demonstrated a gross underestimation of time interval in right-hemisphere damaged neglect patients, but not in non-neglect unilaterally-damaged patients, compared to controls. This study aimed to investigate retrospective estimation of the duration of a target detection task over two occasions, in 30 stroke patients (12 left-side stroke 15 right-side stroke, and 3 right-side stroke with neglect) and 10 transient ischemic attack patients, relative to 31 age-matched controls. Performances on visual short-term and working memory tasks were also examined to investigate the associations between timing abilities with residual cognitive functioning. Initial results revealed evidence of perceptual time underestimation, not just in neglect patients, but also in non-neglect unilaterally-damaged stroke patients and transient ischemic attack patients. Three months later, underestimation of time persisted only in left-side stroke and right-side stroke with neglect patients, who also demonstrated reduced short-term and working memory abilities. Findings from this study suggest a predictive role of residual cognitive impairments in determining the prognosis of perceptual timing abnormalities.
Interaction of epidermal growth factor with basal and differentiating epidermal cells of mice resistant and sensitive to carcinogenesis (1984)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) interactions with primary epidermal cells in culture were examined in BALB/c and SENCAR mice, strains resistant and sensitive, respectively, to carcinogenesis by initiation-promotion. Using low (less than 0.1 mM) calcium growth conditions, which select for basal cells, and calcium-induced terminal differentiation, we determined the effects of retinoids, the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and cell density on binding of 125I-labeled EGF. Over the range tested, EGF binding increased with increasing cell density similarly in basal cells of both strains, which at similar densities bound similar amounts of EGF. Increasingly differentiated epidermal cells of both strains bound less EGF. Responses of basal and differentiating cells were dissimilar in several respects. Most notably, differentiating cells bound but failed to metabolize EGF. TPA treatment of basal cells from either strain led to a rapid, pronounced reduction in EGF binding, while treatment with retinoic acid, an antipromoter in vivo, increased binding. In contrast, EGF binding by differentiating cells was much less affected by TPA treatment, and retinoic acid had no effect or was slightly inhibitory, while combined treatment was more inhibitory than either alone. Given an adequate plating density, inclusion of 1 ng EGF per ml of media significantly enhanced growth of basal cells. Because of the similarities in binding patterns between the two strains, it seems unlikely that differential responses of BALB/c and SENCAR epidermal cells to EGF and to modulators of EGF binding are involved in the differences in susceptibility of these strains to carcinogenesis.
Do Consumer-Directed Health Benefits Favor The Young And Healthy? (2004)

This paper demonstrates through a simulation and demographic analysis of consumers' out-of-pocket payments for premiums and medical care that the young and healthy are potential winners with consumer-directed health benefits (CDHBs), and the moderately sick are the losers. However, benefit design constraints and job tenure realities limit the savings opportunities for the young. As employee cost sharing continues unabated, one potential remedy is to cap expenses as a percentage of income, thereby placing a limit on the burden to the sick and ensuring that all Americans share the burden equally according to ability to pay.
Characterisation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant HCV core protein (1996)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has as yet no practical culture system so any antigen or antibody studies must be carried out using recombinant antigens. In this study, HCV core sequence was amplified by PCR, inserted into pRSET, and expressed in E. coli. The resultant core protein was purified using nickel affinity chromatography which bound the six histidine tag attached to the N-terminus of the protein. After elution in imidazole buffer, the core protein was used to immunise Balb/c mice and monoclonal antibodies against HCV core were raised. Six monoclonals were examined in a variety of assays. All of them recognised the p27 kDa protein which they were raised against and 2D2 and 3D7 recognised the core component of an HCV Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA). None of the antibodies recognised the linear peptides in an Innolia HCV assay. 2D2 showed cytoplasmic granular staining in 1-5% of cells in frozen section of HCV infected livers. Cross-competition assays between themselves and human anti-HCV core positive sera divided the antibodies into two main groups (I and II), with a sub-division of group I into a and b. Group I antibodies were unable to be inhibited by human anti-HCV sera whereas group II antibodies were inhibited by these sera (up to 62%). Epitopes recognised by all the monoclonals were probably conformational with the group I epitope being located within the first 105 amino acids of the core sequence and the group II epitope between amino acids 105 and 160.
Cell responses to biomaterials II: Endothelial cell adhesion and growth on perfluorosulfonic acid (1988)

We report here the use of perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) as a substratum for the growth of bovine aortal endothelial cells. This support which can be generated in a number of forms is at least as efficient in maintaining the growth of endothelial and other cell types as tissue culture grade polystyrene (TCP) and represents an advance in this regard over polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). The mechanism underlying the different cell attachment capacities of these three polymers is not readily related to their different protein binding patterns. While Nafion adsorbs more total protein from serum than Teflon or TCP, it adsorbs relatively less of the major cell adhesive proteins, vitronectin and fibronectin, than does Teflon. Both Nafion and Teflon had comparable but low thrombogenic potential by in vitro tests. Teflon or expanded Teflon (Gore-tex) coated with a thin film of Nafion assumes the cell supportive characteristics of Nafion and hence the modification of these surfaces by the induction of a stable bond between Teflon (in various forms) and Nafion may provide a composite vascular graft material which has all the desirable qualities of both materials.
Impact of improved attenuation correction on 18F-FDG PET/MR hybrid imaging of the heart (2019)

Improved AC including bone segmentation and truncation correction in cardiac PET/MR imaging is important to ensure best possible diagnostic quality and PET quantification. The results exhibited an overestimation of AC-map volume using MLAA, while HUGE resulted in a more realistic body contouring. Incorporation of bone segmentation into the Dixon-VIBE AC-map resulted in homogeneous gain in PET signal distribution across the myocardium. The majority of observed AC-map artifacts did not significantly affect the quantitative assessment of the myocardium.
Control of Loudness in Digital TV (2006)

To facilitate better consistency between programs and stations, ITU, EBU and ARIB have investigated the standardization of broadcast loudness. This paper examines some consequences of a global loudness standard with regard to metering and control at the Ingest, Production and Transmission stages. Findings are reported from the latest research into mono, stereo and multichannel loudness measurement of real-world broadcast sounds. The improvements achieved by the new loudness models are quantified against previous level descriptors, such as, for example, PPM and Leq(A). Besides from reducing consumer annoyance with jumping levels, less engineering time needs being spent per audio stream. This too, is important because digital broadcast means a significant proliferation of the number of channels and the number of platforms. Each platform, such as TV, radio, internet, podcast, and other personal entertainment systems, has its own requirements for dynamic range, frequency range and speech intelligibility, so more automated handling is simply a necessity. The paper also introduces the term Dynamic Range Tolerance, DRT, which specifies the most desirable audio treatment for various broadcast platforms, and therefore is a practical tool for optimizing listener pleasure in digital broadcast. Examples of digital broadcast installations relying on static and dynamic metadata for loudness control are given. This paper is targeted radio and TV production, installation and management professionals. It provides user and technical info, and does not endorse or promote commercially available equipment.
Superconformal Electrodeposition Using Derivitized Substrates (2002)

This paper demonstrates superconformal electrodeposition of copper in trenches using a two-step process. The substrate is first derivitized with a submonolayer coverage of catalyst and then transferred for electroplating in a cupric sulfate electrolyte containing an inhibitor. For an optimum catalyst coverage, superconformal, "bottom-up" filling of trenches and vias is observed. If the catalyst coverage is too low or too high, conformal or subconformal deposition occurs, resulting in void formation during feature filling. The filling behavior of the derivitized electrodes is analogous to that obtained using a single (conventional) electrolyte containing both catalytic and inhibiting species. Restricting the catalyst to the surface by derivitization prior to metal deposition provides strong support for the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage mechanism of superconformal film growth. From a technical perspective, the two-step process offers an interesting solution to the difficult control issues associated with catalyst destruction and related aging effects known to occur in the "conventional" single-electrolyte superfilling process. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Pathology of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis (1993)

Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Jette, Free University of Brussels, Belgium Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Günter Kloppel, Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Jette, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan, 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium. Manuscript received December 1, 1992; revised manuscript accepted February 9, 1993.
Staphylococcus aureus: colonizing features and influence of an antibacterial treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis (2002)

S. aureus may play an important role as an aggravating factor in adults with AD, as antimicrobial treatment leads to a significant improvement of AD in patients who are colonized with the bacterium.
A Novel System for the Application of Bromine in Flame-Retarding Polymers (1990)

Experiments pertaining to a new system for the application of bromine to flame retardant polypropylene and foamed polystyrene are described. The FR compound, ammonium bromide, is formed in the amorphous regions of the polymer phase by the interaction of bromine sorbed on the polymer and ammonia, sorbed subsequently. Gaseous nitrogen which is also produced, expands and brings about the rearrangement of the chains to produce a porous structure. The ammonium bromide produced is finely divided and imparts FR properties to the polymer. Amounts of NH4Br in the polymer are determined by the concentration of the bromine in the bromine water, temperature, time and structure of the polymer. 5.2% of NH4Rr containing PP fabric gave an O.I. value of 24.2 and the effectivity, e.g. slope of plot of O.I. vs % Br was 1.24, as compared to 0.6 for aliphatic bromine. Treatment of foamed beads of PS enabled production of materials containing up to ca 300 % of NH4Br, with 0.I. values of up to 39, the effectivity decreasing with increasing % NH4Br. The effectivity was significantly higher for PS samples expanded after encapsulation of NH4Br. The results are discussed in the light of the behavior of NH4Br in pyrolysis and of the specific thermal properties of the cellular polymers.
Metastatic Potential of Lymphoma/Leukemia Cell Lines in SCID Mice Is Closely Related to Expression of CD44 (1996)

To investigate whether the lymphocyte homing receptors, adhesion molecules regulating normal lymphocyte traffic, influence the dissemination of lymphoma cells, 24 lymphoma/leukemia cell lines were inoculated into SCID mice subcutaneously, and the correlation between the expression of the adhesion molecules and the metastatic potential of the cell lines was examined. Among the six adhesion molecules examined (LFA-1, ICAM-1, CLA, VLA-4, L-selectin and CD44), L-selectin increased the incidence of lymph node metastasis, and CD44 expression was related to both lymph node and organ (hematogenous) metastasis. A monoclonal antibody to the standard form of CD44 (CD44s), Hermes-3, inhibited the local growth and remote metastasis of CD44+ cell lines. Thus, it is concluded that at least CD44s expression is important in both lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis.
Learning to Segment Every Thing (2017)

Most methods for object instance segmentation require all training examples to be labeled with segmentation masks. This requirement makes it expensive to annotate new categories and has restricted instance segmentation models to ~100 well-annotated classes. The goal of this paper is to propose a new partially supervised training paradigm, together with a novel weight transfer function, that enables training instance segmentation models on a large set of categories all of which have box annotations, but only a small fraction of which have mask annotations. These contributions allow us to train Mask R-CNN to detect and segment 3000 visual concepts using box annotations from the Visual Genome dataset and mask annotations from the 80 classes in the COCO dataset. We evaluate our approach in a controlled study on the COCO dataset. This work is a first step towards instance segmentation models that have broad comprehension of the visual world.