gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Transportation Systems for Bridge Condition Assessment: Current Status and Future Direction (2016)

Recent catastrophic bridge failures clearly indicate the urgent need for improving interval-based bridge inspection procedures that are qualitative and subjective in nature. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) can mitigate the deficiencies of interval-based inspection techniques and provide real-time diagnostic information regarding the bridge structural health. SHM is not flawless however; the variability in the vehicle characteristics and traffic operational conditions makes it prone to false diagnosis. Recent advancements in the integration of SHM with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) demonstrate the successful use of ITS devices (e.g., traffic cameras, traffic detectors) in the analysis of bridge responses to multimodal traffic with varying loads or during the critical events that cause excess vibration beyond the normal limit. In an ITS-informed SHM system, the ITS device collected data can be integrated with SHM to increase the reliability and accuracy of the SHM system. This integration would reduce the possibility of false diagnosis of damages detected by the SHM system (e.g., vibrations caused by heavy vehicles on a bridge could be read by a SHM sensor as a structural health problem of the bridge), which would eventually decrease the bridge maintenance costs. Similarly, in SHM-informed ITS system, SHM sensors can provide data on bridge health condition for ITS applications, where ITS uses this bridge health condition information for real-time traffic management. In this paper, literature related to both ITS-informed SHM and SHM-informed ITS is reviewed. Based on the literature review, potential challenges and future research directions associated with ITS-SHM integration are also discussed.
Introduction (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Semantic Web and Knowledge Management The Role of Ontologies An Architecture for Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management Tools for Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management
Opportunities for sudden death prevention: Directions for new clinical and basic research (2001)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents an enormous public health problem in all developed countries of the world, yet its magnitude and precise incidence in different populations and disease subgroups remains unclear. There also remain major questions and research challenges in establishing the sensitive and specific markers of SCD risk needed for optimizing therapeutic strategies and allocation of resources, such as implantable defibrillators. In the past, risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) have been heavily relied on to identify risk for SCD. However, although a majority of SCD events continue to occur in the context of this disease etiology, risk factors for CAD appear to have relatively limited ability to predict risk in specific individuals and subgroups with enhanced progressive or inherited susceptibility to lethal arrhythmias. This commentary is intended to assess potentials for progress in developing improved approaches to SCD prediction and prevention through new clinical and basic research on the fundamental causes of ventricular arrhythmias, the development of new markers of electrical instability, and better understanding of the role of genetic variability in their origin.
Characterization of Inclusion Complexation between Fenoxaprop-<i>p</i>-ethyl and Cyclodextrin (2005)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) derived from natural starches are capable of forming inclusion complexes with a variety of organic compounds. This work evaluated the complexation role of CDs toward fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE) in an attempt to assess their potential as new formulation additives for more efficient FE delivery and better environmental approaches. beta-CD and its two derivatives, randomly methylated beta-CD (RAMEB) and 2-hydroxypropyl beta-CD (HP-beta-CD), were tested. The solubility of FE was enhanced in the presence of the CDs due to the formation of inclusion complexes, with RAMEB being >6 times more effective than the other two. The complexation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the FE melting peaks in DSC, the FTIR bands, and the XRD peaks were generally weakened. Within the tested time up to 60 min, the dissolution of the FE-CD complexes resulted in higher FE concentrations than did that of FE by itself. The dissolution of the FE-RAMEB complex was much faster than other complexes and FE alone. These results indicate that RAMEB was a better inclusion complexation agent for FE in terms of both solubility enhancement and dissolution rate. RAMEB may thus be used to improve FE delivery and to mobilize FE in soil for bioremediation.
Gas Phase Temperatures in Massmann Furnaces Equipped with L'vov Platforms (1984)

The temperature of gaseous lead atoms in a Massmann furnace equipped with a L'vov platform was measured as a function of the distance above the platform. Under typical operating conditions the temperature of analyte atoms at the surface of the platform is several hundred degrees lower than is that of atoms at the walls of the tube. The magnitude of this temperature gradient depends upon both the mass and area of the platform and the heating rate of the tube containing it. L'vov platforms serve to raise the average gas phase temperature experienced by the analyte but do so by creating nonhomogeneous conditions across the optical axis and causing a loss of direct control of the sample volatilization process.
Synthesis and Medicinal Significance of Chalcones- A Review (2016)

Chalcone is an aromatic ketone that forms a central core for a variety of important biological compounds, which are collectively known as chalcones. They possess different activities like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti tumor etc depending on the substitution made on them. Chalcones are 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, in which two aromatic rings are linked by a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system.These are abundant in edible plants and are considered to be precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Chalcones possess conjugated double bonds and a completely delocalized Π-electron system on both benzene rings. Molecules possessing such system have relatively low redox potentials and have a greater probability of undergoing electron transfer reactions. The compounds with the backbone of chalcones have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti platelet, anti ulcerative, anti malarial, anticancer, antiviral, anti leishmanial, antioxidant, anti tubercular, anti hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, inhibition of chemical mediators release, inhibition of leukotriene B4, inhibition of tyrosinase and inhibition of aldose reductase activities. The presence of a reactive alpha, beta -unsatutated keto function in chalcones is found to be responsible for their antimicrobial activity. In this paper through reviewing different biological significance of chalcones and their derivatives have been reported along with their chemistry and of synthesis. Synthetically or chemically chalcones are synthesized by two reactions: a) Aldol condensation and b) Claisen Schmidt condensation. But here is a focus on chalcones synthesized by Claisen Schmidt condensation which involves the condensation between an aromatic aldehyde or ketone with an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde catalysed by the presence of dilute alkali or acid to form alpha beta unsaturated compound.
Collaborative Construction of Artifacts (2007)

Abstract. This paper describes an approach for collaborative construction of artifacts, such as e.g. graphical maps and annotatable text documents, without requiring write-access to a common single file. Our approach is applicable to any kind of artifacts that can be divided into separate contributions, where each one is authored and stored independently, and, on request, merged into the artifact. The goal is to move collaboration issues from the files where artifacts are expressed, to an information directory. This information directory manages information around artifacts and keeps track of existing contributions to artifacts. Our prototype of such an information directory, named Collaborilla, is designed to be a flexible service, which can be updated by anyone in a wiki-style manner. With this approach, viewing a collaboratively constructed artifact gives each viewer the control of including or excluding various contributions. Moreover, each viewer can easily choose to participate and provide a new contribution to the artifact without the other authors being aware of this. If information about this new contribution is published in the Collaborilla directory, the contribution will also be seen by others. 1.
Retroviral enhancer insertion 5' of c-myc in two translocation-negative mouse plasmacytomas upregulates c-myc expression to different extents. (1993)

Essentially all murine plasmacytomas have deregulated c-myc expression that is typically brought about by chromosomal translocations between the c-myc/Pvt-1 locus and one of the immunoglobulin loci. ABPC 22 and RFPC 2782 are BALB/c plasmacytomas that lack chromosomal translocations yet have Southern blot evidence of c-myc gene rearrangements. In this report we show that proviral integrations 5' of the c-myc gene can deregulate c-myc expression in mouse plasmacytomas. Analysis of DNA sequences 5' of the c-myc genes from both tumors demonstrated that rearrangements were caused by retroviral integrations 5' of c-myc exon 1. The proviral insertion in RFPC 2782 was associated with a high steady-state c-myc mRNA level comparable to that seen in plasmacytomas with typical translocations. An analogous proviral insertion in ABPC 22 was associated with a c-myc RNA level that was only 38% of that of RFPC 2782. Nuclear run-on studies of c-myc transcription showed that ABPC 22 has both a lower rate of transcription and a greater degree of transcriptional attenuation than RFPC 2782. DNA sequencing of the long terminal repeat of each tumor provirus showed that the ABPC 22 provirus harbors a deletion of one of the two direct repeats in the viral enhancer, whereas both repeats are present in the RFPC 2782 provirus. These data indicate that maximum LTR enhancer effectiveness in plasmacytomas in vivo requires the presence of both LTR direct repeats. The documentation of the low level of steady-state c-myc mRNA in ABPC 22 supports the notion that deregulated c-myc expression, even at low steady state levels, is effective in supporting the development of plasmacytomas.
Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Via Aqueous Solution Process and Their Application for Biosensors (2011)

ZnO nanorods were grown on various substrates using aqueous solution, aiming at integrating with bio- or organic- molecular structures assembled by bottom-up process. ZnO nanorods with the average diameter of 100 nm and the height of 1.5μm were obtained on an Au/Ti/Si (111) substrate via microwave heating, which is an environmental harmonized system allowing fast heating. Aggregation of ZnO nanorods occurred on a single crystalline ZnMgO film and growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods was discussed. Using ZnO nanorods immobilized with enzymes, amperometric glucose sensors with the detection limit of 0.01mmol/L were fabricated.
Pilot Study: An Ocular Biomarker for Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2019)

The different patterns of macular thickness might represent the immature cortical thickness of the brain in children with ADHD.
DEFINITION OF FATIGUE CRACKS THROUGH NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (1969)

THE ABILITY OF FOUR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) TECHNIQUES TO LOCATE, IDENTIFY, AND MEASURE FATIGUE CRACKS WAS DETERMINED EXPERIMENTALLY. THE NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES USED WERE: X-RAY, MAGNETIC-PARTICLE INSPECTION, PENETRANT INSPECTION, ULTRASONIC INSPECTION, AND EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION. THE MATERIALS USED WERE 7075-T6511 ALUMINUM AND 4330 VANADIUM MODIFIED STEEL HEAT TREATED TO 220 TO 240 KSI ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH. SURFACE FATIGUE CRACKS WERE INITIATED IN 1/4 IN. THICK, 3 IN. OUTSIDE DIAMETER TEST CYLINDERS. STANDARD NDT INSPECTION PROCEDURES WERE USED TO DETECT AND MEASURE THE LOCATION AND GEOMETRY OF THE CRACK. THE SPECIMENS WERE FAILED IN TENSION TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL GEOMETRY OF THE CRACK FROM MEASUREMENTS ON THE FRACTURE SURFACE. THE SENSITIVITY OF EACH NDT METHOD IN DETECTING THESE CRACKS WAS DETERMINED FOR EACH CRACK SIZE RANGE CHOSEN. THE SIZE OF THE CRACK AS DETERMINED USING EACH NDT METHOD WAS COMPARED TO THE ACTUAL SIZE OF THE CRACK. THE ACCURACY OF EACH NDT METHOD TO LOCATE THE END POINTS OF THE CRACK ALSO WAS DETERMINED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE RELIABILITY OF THE PRESENT NDT METHODS FOR DETECTING SMALL CRACKS NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED. NO CRACKS SMALLER THAN 0.10 IN. CAN BE DETECTED CONSISTENTLY WITH ANY OF THE NDT METHODS EXAMINED. ALL NDT METHODS HAVE RESULTED IN VERY HIGH ACCURACIES IN LOCATING THE LONGER CRACKS, AND LOW ASSURANCE INDEXES ARE PRIMARILY DUE TO TWO FACTORS: (1) THE INABILITY OF THE NDT METHOD TO MEASURE THE CRACK LENGTHS ACCURATELY AND (2) THE SENSITIVITY OF THE NDT METHODS IN DETECTING CRACKS LESS THAN 0.20 IN. IN LENGTH. THE X-RAY METHODS USED WERE UNABLE TO DETECT SMALL TIGHT SURFACE FATIGUE CRACKS IN BOTH THE ALUMINUM AND STEEL SPECIMENS UNLESS THE CRACK LENGTH WAS OVER 0.45 IN. LONG. THE SENSITIVITY OF THE SHEAR WAVE ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE USED WAS SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER METHODS EXAMINED. /AUTHOR/
Polyphosphazenes: Performance Polymers for Specialty Applications (1988)

Although polyphosphazenes were first synthesized in the laboratory nearly one hundred years ago, their technological importance is only now being realized. Today commercial applications for polyphosphazene specialty elastomers exist in aerospace, marine, oil exploration and industrial fields. This paper describes the properties and applications for this unique class of elastomers.
The mouse Thy-1.2 glycoprotein gene: complete sequence and identification of an unusual promoter. (1986)

Recombinant bacteriophage and cosmid clones containing the gene for the mouse Thy-1.2 glycoprotein were isolated and characterized. The complete sequence of the gene was determined, including a previously unidentified exon located 2.1 kb upstream of the portion of the gene encoding the Thy-1.2 glycoprotein. The transcriptional initiation site was located by S1 nuclease protection mapping in both T lymphocytes and neural cells and was found to be located immediately upstream of this exon. S1 nuclease protection mapping was also used to define the 3' end of the Thy-1.2 transcription unit, and no evidence for alternate mRNA processing was found. Thus, the mouse Thy-1.2 gene is 5447 base pairs in length, including promoter sequences, rather than 2094 as previously described. The mouse and rat Thy-1 genes are highly homologous in both introns and exons. However, the mouse Thy-1 cDNA and rat Thy-1 cDNA differ significantly in sequence in the 5' untranslated region. This suggests that the transcriptional initiation site of the mouse and rat genes may be located at different positions within the genomic sequence and may be related to the differing tissue distribution of Thy-1 in the two species.
Internet of Things via Named Data Networking: The support of push traffic (2014)

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising information-centric future Internet architecture. Its innovative concepts, like named content, name-based routing and in-network caching, particularly suit the requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT), interconnecting billions of heterogeneous constrained objects. NDN supports receiver-driven communications and can easily enable IoT pull-based applications, e.g., to monitor sensors and to control actuators. However, NDN cannot natively allow devices to transmit unsolicited data, like alarms or status changes, unless to properly modify the semantics of exchanged packets and the forwarding strategy. In this paper we discuss how NDN can support reliable push-based IoT traffic, through the definition of three schemes conceived to be as much compliant as possible with the NDN tenets, while targeting efficiency in the usage of network and devices resources. A simple analytical framework provides preliminary quantitative insights into the proposed solutions and guidelines for future design.
VEGF-A<sub>165</sub>b Is Cytoprotective and Antiangiogenic in the Retina (2010)

The survival effects of VEGF-A(165)b signaling can protect the retina from ischemic damage. These results suggest that VEGF-A(165)b may be a useful therapeutic agent in ischemia-induced angiogenesis and a cytoprotective agent for retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Using Fast Weights to Attend to the Recent Past (2016)

Until recently, research on artificial neural networks was largely restricted to systems with only two types of variable: Neural activities that represent the current or recent input and weights that learn to capture regularities among inputs, outputs and payoffs. There is no good reason for this restriction. Synapses have dynamics at many different time-scales and this suggests that artificial neural networks might benefit from variables that change slower than activities but much faster than the standard weights. These "fast weights" can be used to store temporary memories of the recent past and they provide a neurally plausible way of implementing the type of attention to the past that has recently proved very helpful in sequence-to-sequence models. By using fast weights we can avoid the need to store copies of neural activity patterns.
Reference Values for CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes with Naïve or Memory Phenotype and Their Association with Mortality in the Elderly (2009)

We provide reference values for total and naïve or memory CD4 and CD8 T cell populations, and demonstrate that the absolute number of CD8 memory T cells, after adjustment for age, correlates with increased mortality.
Spatial Resolution of Relief Holograms in Dichromated Gelatin (1971)

The properties of relief phase holograms in unhardened dichromated gelatin have been investigated. Relief holograms are particularly attractive when it is desired to duplicate the stored information. Unhardened layers of gelatin were exposed with two collimated laser beams and developed by washing away the unexposed material. This resulted in high quality gratings with very low scattering. By varying the spatial frequency, it was found that the depth of modulation starts to decrease approximately linearly at a few microns grating spacing. This limited spatial resolution was shown not to be a property of the basic photochemical process of polymerization but due to a development step. Larger modulation and diffraction efficiencies can be produced at the higher frequencies by other development procedures, but they also result in increased scattering which is incompatible with high quality holograms.
A novel isolation technology utilizing Si selective epitaxial growth (1996)

Abstract An ultra‐high vacuum silicon selective epitaxial method has been used in the LSI process for the first time. Using this epitaxial growth method, the gap between the oxide film pattern and epitaxial layer (facet width) is as small as 0.03 μm and selective epitaxial growth can be produced in the microscopic active regions. Therefore, this method is suitable for reducing device size. The leak currents between source and drain and between devices are comparable with those in Si‐bulk MOS devices, indicating that crystalline defect density is small in this epitaxial film. The channel in the MOS transistor formed using this epitaxial layer is extremely small. Transconductance of an nMOS transistor with an extremely short and narrow channel (gate length 0.1 μm and gate width 0.3 μm) was 530 mS/mm.
Synthesis of [1,2‐<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2,</sub><sup>15</sup>N]‐<scp>L</scp>‐Homoserine and Its Incorporation by the PKS‐NRPS System of <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> into the Mycotoxin Fusarin C (2006)

Fungal PKS/NRPS: [1,2-13C2,15N]-L-Homoserine has been prepared from [13C2,15N]-glycine in good yield. Incubation studies with cultures of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme confirm its intact incorporation into the pyrrolidinone ring of fusarin C.
Secret linear congruential generators are not cryptographically secure (1987)

This paper discusses the predictability of the sequence given by outputing a constant proportion α of the leading bits of the numbers produced by a linear congruential generator. First, we make the assumption that the modulus of the generator is the only known parameter and we prove that, almost surely, a significant proportion of the bits can be predicted from the previous ones, once the generator has been used K times successively where K is O(√log m). Next, we assume that all parameters of the generator are secret and we show how repeated observations of sequences of outputs of length K will probably allow an opponent to cryptanalyze the full sequence.
Laminar Drag Reduction in Hydrophobic Microchannels (2009)

Abstract The apparent slip effects of laminar water flow in smooth hydrophobic microchannels and patterned hydrophobic microchannels were investigated. A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the drag reductions for laminar water flow in hydrophobic microchannels. These microchannels were fabricated from silicon wafers using photolithography and were coated with hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). To generate a larger drag reduction, the patterned hydrophobic microchannels were fabricated to allow the liquid to flow over a region of trapped air in the cavity between the microridges. With the geometrical dimensions used, pressure drop reductions ranging from 10 to 30 % were found in the smooth microchannels and patterned microchannels. The pressure drop reduction was shown to increase with increasing microridge spacing and decreasing microchannel width. Using micro‐particle image velocimetry (PIV), we measured an apparent slip velocity at the wall of approximately 8 % of the centerline velocity, yielding a slip length of approximately 2 μm in the smooth hydrophobic microchannel. Theoretically, the analytical solution derived for three‐dimensional flow in a rectangular duct is presented to predict the slip velocity and slip length at the wall based on the pressure drop measurement. These results are in agreement with the experimental data obtained using micro‐PIV.