gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mitochondrial therapeutic reverses diabetic visual decline (2015)

Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by progressive vision loss and the advancement of retinal micoraneurysms, edema and angiogenesis. Unfortunately, managing glycemia or targeting vascular complications with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents has shown only limited efficacy in treating the deterioration of vision in diabetic retinopathy. In light of growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is an independent pathophysiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, we investigated whether selectively targeting and improving mitochondrial dysfunction is a viable treatment for visual decline in diabetes. Measures of spatial visual behavior, blood glucose, bodyweight and optical clarity were made in mouse models of diabetes. Treatment groups were administered MTP-131, a water-soluble tetrapeptide that selectively targets mitochondrial cardiolipin and promotes efficient electron transfer, either systemically or in eye drops. Progressive visual decline emerged in untreated animals before the overt symptoms of metabolic and ophthalmic abnormalities were manifest, but with time, visual dysfunction was accompanied by compromised glucose clearance, and elevated blood glucose and bodyweight. MTP-131 treatment reversed the visual decline without improving glycemic control or reducing bodyweight. These data provide evidence that visuomotor decline is an early complication of diabetes. They also indicate that selectively treating mitochondrial dysfunction with MTP-131 has the potential to remediate the visual dysfunction and to complement existing treatments for diabetic retinopathy.
Clinical Utility of a Newly Developed Pressure Swing Adsorption-Type Oxygen Concentrator with a Membrane Humidifier (1997)

The clinical utility of the newly developed pressure swing adsorption (PSA)-type oxygen concentrator with a membrane humidifier that does not require added water for humidification was evaluated in 13 patients with chronic pulmonary disease who were receiving long-term oxygen therapy. PaO2 and the relative humidity were measured when the patient breathed air and oxygen from the new device via a nasal cannula. After using the new concentrator for 5 h, the patients were asked whether they experienced dry nasal passages or a dry throat. A significant difference between the PaO2 measured while the patients breathed room air and while they breathed oxygen from the new device was observed. A significant difference was observed between the relative humidity of room air (44.7 +/- 18.6%) and that of the oxygen flow (72.7 +/- 14.8%) from the new device. None of the patients experienced dry nasal passages, dry throat, or any other adverse effects. Since this new PSA-type oxygen concentrator with a membrane humidifier supplies well-humidified nasal oxygen without water, laborious cleaning of the container and changing of the water are not necessary, and may help to improve the patient's quality of life.
Impingement simulation of the hip in SCFE using 3D models (1999)

The range-of-motion assessment provides the surgeon with information about the site and the impact of nonphysiologic contact in the hip joint. The information thus obtained can be valuable for indication and planning of corrective surgery in cases of SCFE.
Nearly transform-limited pulse (3.6 ps) generation from gain-switched 1.55 μm distributed feedback laser by using fibre compression technique (1993)

A train of short and nearly transform-limited pulses (3.6 ps) is generated from a 1.55 μm gain-switched distributed feedback laser by fibre compression. These are the shortest pulses generated at 1.55 μm by using a linear fibre compression technique. The bias current dependence of pulse width and time bandwidth product is also investigated.
Significance of integrin αvβ5 and erbB3 in enhanced cell migration and liver metastasis of colon carcinomas stimulated by hepatocyte‐derived heregulin (2010)

To study the mechanisms of the highly liver-metastatic character of colon carcinoma cells, we studied the expression pattern of surface integrins on LS-LM6 (a highly liver-metastatic human colon cancer cell line) and the effects of hepatocyte-derived soluble factors on cell migration. LS-LM6 showed significantly higher expression of integrin αvβ5, a ligand for vitronectin (VN), as compared with its parental cell line (LS174T). A conditioned medium of cultured mouse hepatocytes enhanced VN-mediated cell migration of LS-LM6, which was blocked by neutralizing antibody against integrin αvβ5, while the medium did not affect cell adhesion to VN-coated plastic surfaces. The conditioned medium induced phosphorylation of erbB3 and its heterodimeric partner, erbB2. Heregulin (HRG), a ligand for erbB3, exerted similar effects on VN-mediated cell migration and phosphorylation of erbB3 and erbB2. The conditioned medium contained HRG, and depletion of HRG from the medium by pre-absorption with HRG antibody abolished its effects on cell migration. Heregulin (HRG) was expressed in some hepatocytes in the liver with carcinoma cell metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of integrin αv and erbB3 by small-interfering RNAs significantly inhibited cell migration induced by HRG as well as liver metastasis in vivo. Finally, we found that HRG-induced cell migration was associated with marked phosphorylation of Akt and that cell migration was suppressed by treatment with specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Our study suggests that hepatocyte-derived HRG might participate in a highly liver-metastatic phenotype of LS-LM6 through enhancement of integrin αvβ5-mediated cell migration and erbB3/erbB2 signaling.
Improving Waterflood Recovery Efficiency in Carbonate Reservoirs through Salinity Variations and Ionic Exchanges: A Promising Low-Cost "Smart-Waterflood" Approach (2012)

Abstract Our recent study demonstrates significant improvement in waterflood recovery efficiency could be possible in carbonate reservoirs through adjusting the salinity and/or ionic composition of injecting brine, and hence, this approach holds a huge potential to enhance oil recovery from the carbonate reservoirs in the UAE and elsewhere at a much lower cost while freeing up cleaner and greener hydrocarbon gases for other use. A set of comprehensive tests using carbonate rock have been completed to estimate displacement efficiency, assess wettability variation through wettability monitoring, optimize brine composition vis-à-vis the oil recovered and to explore and better understand the possible mechanisms that are at play. Tests were conducted at temperature ranging from 70°C to 120°C to mimic the UAE reservoir conditions to the extent possible. For both coreflood and wettability monitoring tests, salinity and composition variations were tested on the injection brines, seawater and formation water. In addition, certain mechanisms at play have been identified. Although the research on this approach is still in progress, the following key findings have been noted to date and they appear to have a direct relevance towards improving oil recovery from several UAE carbonate reservoirs: Reducing water salinity and increasing sulfate concentration of the injection brine could mobilize a significant amount of extra oil beyond the conventional seawater and formation water injection at both 70 ° C and 120 °C. At 70 °C, lowering the water salinity was more effective than raising the sulfate concentration in injection water in terms of incremental oil recovery after secondary conventional waterflood, whereas they exhibited similar potential at 120 °C. And at 70 °C, wettability alteration towards less oil-wetness could be triggered by low salinity water. The process was sensitive to temperature. Lowering water salinity and raising sulfate concentration of the injection water at 120 °C led to a much higher incremental oil recovery than that at 70 °C. At 90 °C, water-wetness of our carbonates could be enhanced by either reducing water salinity or increasing sulfate concentration of the surrounding water. However, the divalent cations in the surrounding water had limited effect on rock wettability. During low salinity water injection process, oil production was usually accompanied with pressure difference increase.
High power diode-pumped 27-μm Er^3+:Y_2O_3 laser with nearly quantum defect-limited efficiency (2011)

We report diode-pumped Er3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser with ~14 W of true CW output at ~2.7 μm. This presents nearly ten-fold power increase with respect to previous best result with this laser material. We also believe this to be the highest power ever reported from Er3+ -doped bulk crystalline laser operating in a ~3-μm wavelength range. Power-scaled performance of 974-nm pumped Er3+:Y2O3 laser was achieved with the slope efficiency of ~26%.
RNA polymerase: linear competitive inhibition by bis-(3′→5′)-cyclic dinnucleotides,NpNp (1982)

We have investigated the possible role of the bis-(3' to 5')-cyclic dinucleotides UpUp and ApUp as kinetic inhibitors of the DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme of E. coli, using T7 delta D111 deletion mutant DNA and several synthetic DNA polymers as templates. We have established that UpUp is a linear competitive inhibitor of the initiation phase of the polymerization (Ki = 28 microM using T7 delta D111 DNA as a template), but that it has no effect when added during the elongation phase. The compound ApUp is an inhibitor of the reaction only when poly(dA-T).poly(dA-T) is used as a template, and UpUp is an inhibitor of the reaction when poly(dA).poly(dT) was employed as the DNA template.
<title>From the landscape lens to the planar lens: a reflection on teaching lens design</title> (2005)

We review how optical aberration correction principles were applied in the design of classical photographic lenses. This makes the teaching of lens design more meaningful and interesting since a logical approach to understanding the increasing complexity of objective lenses is used.
DUAL ROLE OF CATHEPSIN D: LIGAND AND PROTEASE (2005)

Cathepsin D is peptidase belonging to the family of aspartic peptidases. Its mostly described function is intracellular catabolism in lysosomal compartments, other physiological effect include hormone and antigen processing. For almost two decades, there have been an increasing number of data describing additional roles imparted by cathepsin D and its pro-enzyme, resulting in cathepsin D being a specific biomarker of some diseases. These roles in pathological conditions, namely elevated levels in certain tumor tissues, seem to be connected to another, yet not fully understood functionality. However, despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of cathepsin D and its precursor's actions are still not completely understood. From results discussed in this article it might be concluded that cathepsin D in its zymogen status has additional function, which is rather dependent on a "ligand-like" function then on proteolytic activity.
Do exchange rates in caribbean and latin american countries exhibit nonlinearities (2006)

This paper applies the recently developed Kapetanios et al. (2003) nonlinear stationary test to annual time series data on real exchange rates in selected Caribbean and Latin American countries over the period 1980-2003, to determine whether or not these real exchange rates exhibit nonlinearities. Generally, the ADF rejects the null hypothesis of a unit root in real exchange rates for most of the countries in our study, whereas the Kapetanios et al. (2003) test fails to reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in real exchange rates for most countries. The fact that the real exchange rates in most of the countries included in our study are nonlinear stationary implies that the nominal exchange rate and relative price are cointegrated irrespective of which price indices are used to compute the real exchange rate.
Hydrophobic Association of Random Copolymers of Sodium 2-(Acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate and Dodecyl Methacrylate in Water As Studied by Fluorescence and Dynamic Light Scattering (1999)

The association behavior of random copolymers of sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) and dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) with its content (fDMA) varying from 1 to 15 mol % was investigated by fluorescence and quasielastic light scattering (QELS) techniques in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solutions. The association behavior of the copolymers was found to depend strongly on fDMA. When fDMA < 3 mol %, some polymer chains exist as unimers with a hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of about 5 nm while some polymers form multipolymer aggregates with Rh ≈ 100 nm, arising from “hydrophobic cross-linking” by the interpolymer association of dodecyl groups. When fDMA is increased to 9 mol %, interpolymer hydrophobe associations lead to the formation of a multipolymer micelle with Rh ≈ 10−13 nm. The aggregation number (Nagg) of dodecyl groups in a micelle core was estimated to be about 195. When fDMA is further increased to 15 mol %, Rh for the multipolymer micelle markedly increases to 70−180 nm, the size increasing with increasing polymer concentration, whereas Nagg remains constant at about 158 independent of the polymer concentration. On the basis of the results from the fluorescence and QELS measurements, a unicore micelle model was proposed for the copolymer with fDMA = 9 mol %, and a bridged micelle model was proposed for the copolymer with fDMA = 15 mol %.
Contactless battery charger controller for wireless sensor node (2016)

Wireless sensor network nodes have been used to collect data from processes in several different areas. In most cases, these sensors and their batteries need to be recharged regularly. However, these sensors are often deployed in harsh environments that can damage them with moist and dust particles. Therefore this work aims to present a contactless inductive charger developed to avoid jack or plug holes on the sensor casing in order to prevent damage to its circuitry. This battery charger uses a resonant topology circuit and an algorithm to adjust the resonant frequency. Unlike a previous work, it measures the current through the primary coil to determine the optimal point, which yields a simpler solution. The concept has been proven to be effective while keeping low cost and simplicity, which are important aspects to wireless sensor networks.
Power-Efficient Multi-User Dual-Function Radar-Communications (2018)

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems have emerged as a promising solution for spectrum sharing problem in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel DFRC strategy by exploiting directional power control and waveform diversity. The proposed technique ensures the highest possible magnitude of the radar main beam resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio for the radar operation. This maximization objective is achieved while considering the pre-allocated or adjustable transmit energy requirement for radar and communication operations. The secondary communication objective enabling multi-user access is realized by transmitting distinct amplitude levels and phases towards different communication receivers located in the sidelobe region of radar. As an example, power allocation for different orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers projected towards the radar main beam and the communication receivers is discussed by considering the frequency response of target returns. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed technique.
Functional Analysis of the Amino-terminal 8-kDa Domain of DNA Polymerase β as Revealed by Site-directed Mutagenesis (1998)

The amino-terminal 8-kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta functions in binding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), recognition of a 5'-phosphate in gapped DNA structures, and as a 5'-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase. NMR and x-ray crystal structures of this domain have suggested several residues that may interact with ssDNA or play a role in the dRP lyase reaction. Nine of these residues were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Each mutant was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified to near homogeneity. CD spectra of these mutant proteins indicated that the alteration did not adversely affect the global protein structure. Single-stranded DNA binding was probed by photochemical cross-linking to oligo(dT)16. Several mutants (F25W, K35A, K60A, and K68A) were impaired in ssDNA binding activity, whereas other mutants (H34G, E71Q, K72A, E75A, and K84A) retained near wild-type binding activity. The 5'-phosphate recognition activity of these mutants was examined by UV cross-linking to a 5-nucleotide gap DNA where the 5' terminus in the gap was either phosphorylated or unphosphorylated. The results indicate that Lys35 is involved in 5'-phosphate recognition of DNA polymerase beta. Finally, the dRP lyase activity of these mutants was evaluated using a preincised apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA. Alanine mutants of Lys35 and Lys60 are significantly reduced in dRP lyase activity, consistent with the lower ssDNA binding activity. More importantly, alanine substitution for Lys72 resulted in a greater than 90% loss of dRP lyase activity, without affecting DNA binding. Alanine mutants of Lys68 and Lys84 had wild-type dRP lyase activity. The triple alanine mutant, K35A/K68A/K72A, was devoid of dRP lyase activity, suggesting that the effects of the alanine substitution at Lys72 and Lys35 were additive. The results suggest that Lys72 is directly involved in formation of a covalent imino intermediate and are consistent with Lys72 as the predominant Schiff base nucleophile in the dRP lyase beta-elimination catalytic reaction.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Activation of Mouse Paneth Cell Pro-α-defensins (2006)

Small intestinal Paneth cells secrete alpha-defensin microbicidal peptides as mediators of innate enteric immunity. In mice, production of mature Paneth cell alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), requires proteolytic activation of inactive precursors (pro-Crps) by the convertase matrix metalloproteinase-7. Proteolysis of mouse (pro-Crp4)(20-92) produces the specific cleavage intermediates pro-Crp4(44-92), pro-Crp4(54-92), and pro-Crp4(59-92). To identify which cleavage event enables bactericidal activity, recombinant pro-Crp4-processing intermediates were purified to homogeneity and assayed for bactericidal peptide activity. The in vitro bactericidal activities of pro-Crp4-processing intermediates were very similar to fully processed Crp4, contrasting the lack of bactericidal and membrane-disruptive activity shown by pro-Crp4(20-92). Thus, cleavage of pro-Crp4(20-92) at Ser(43) downward arrowIle(44) is sufficient to activate bactericidal activity, and amino acids in the pro-Crp4(20-43) of the proregion maintain the precursor in an inactive state. Because cationic Arg residues are determinants of Crp4 bactericidal peptide activity, we hypothesized that Asp and Glu residues in pro-Crp4(20-43) neutralize Crp4 Arg side chains in pro-Crp4(20-92). Therefore, a pro-Crp4(20-92) variant with Gly substitutions at all pro-Crp4(20-43) Asp and Glu positions ((DE/G)-pro-Crp4) was prepared, and it was bactericidal and lysed phospholipid vesicles under conditions where native pro-Crp4(20-92) lacks activity. These findings show that MMP-7 proteolysis of pro-Crp4(20-92) at Ser(43) downward arrowIle(44) converts inactive precursors to bactericidal forms by removal of covalently associated, inhibitory acidic amino acids from proximity with the Crp4 component of the molecule.
Fetal hemoglobin production in adult baboons by 5-azacytidine or by phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis is associated with hypomethylation of globin gene DNA. (1983)

Nucleoside analog were used to stimulate fetal hemoglobin synthesis in baboons. Only those nucleoside analogs (5-azacytidine and 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine) that blocked DNA methylation caused large increases in Hb F levels. DNA extracted from bone marrow samples of these animals was cleaved with MspI or HpaII restriction enzymes and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. Results of these experiments strongly support the hypothesis that hypomethylation of CCGG sequences in the gamma-gene region is a condition of gamma-gene expression. This also applies to Hb F elevations resulting from erythropoietic stress due to phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia.
건설회사의 공동주택 PF 부실사업장에 대한 투자결정요인 분석 (2014)

공동주택 PF 부실사업장의 증가는 사업참여 주체인 시행사 및 시공사의 부도뿐만 아니라 금융사의 경영악화로 이어져 장기적으로 경제 전반을 악화시키는 악순환을 형성하고 있어 빠른 정상화가 요구되고 있다. 이를 위해서 많은 대안이 제시될 수 있으나, PF가 우리나라 부동산 개발 시장의 한계 속에서 개발된 금융기법인 만큼 금융시장과 자기자본 건전화 등 구조적 개선을 빠른 시일 내에 이루기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 현실적으로 조속한 정상화를 위해서는 대형시공사의 부실사업장에 대한 투자결정이 필요하다. 그러나 대형사공사와 투자를 원하는 시행사 및 금융사의 투자결정에 관한 중요도 인식에 차이로 사업이 무산되는 경우가 있어 본 연구에서는 각 사업주체별 공동주택 PF 부실사업장에 대한 투자결정시 시공사, 금융사, 시행사인 참여주체별로 고려하는 주요 투자결정요인의 도출하고 요인별 중요도를 비교분석하였다. 나아가 투자 결정요인 중요도 도출을 통해 부실 사업 참여 타당성 평가 모델을 수립하고 실제 사례에 적용함으로써 모델의 현실 적용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 한 AHP 분석 결과 1계층 중요도는 대형 시공사의 경우 사업성> 토지매입리스크, 분양성> 인허가> PF> 시행사 리스크인 것으로 나타났으며 2계층은 분양가의 경쟁력> 사업수익률> 사업부지 확보율> 사업기간>토지비상승 가능성인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 시행사와 금융사의 중요도와 차이가 있는 것이며 대형 시공사의 투자결정요인 중요도 모델을 실제 3가지 유형의 투자사례에 적용해 본 결과 실제 투자결정 결과가 일치하여 적용성도 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Burkitt's lymphomas express VH genes with a moderate number of antigen-selected somatic mutations. (1995)

The normal counterpart of the neoplastic B cells occurring in Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) is an issue of controversial debate. To clarify this matter, a semi-nested primer polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the VDJ rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) gene of DNA extracts from 10 (8 sporadic and 2 endemic) BL cases. The resulting amplificates were sequenced for comparison with known germ line VH segments. The control cases comprised six cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and six cases of mantle cell lymphoma known to display naive nonmutated, ie, pre-germinal center VH configurations; and eight cases of follicular center lymphoma known to display mutated VH genes with signs of a still-ongoing mutation reaction, characteristic for germinal center cells and lymphomas that derive therefrom. The results of this approach revealed that both sporadic and endemic BL express mutated VH genes with a mutation frequency considerably lower (4.9% and 5.4%, respectively) than that observed in follicular center lymphoma (11.8%). In addition, after subcloning the amplificates, sequence analysis revealed no signs of ongoing mutations. These results led us to conclude that the derivation of neoplastic B cells in BL is definitely not from naive, nonmutated pre-germinal center B cells. Instead, our findings support the view that BL cells stem either from early centroblasts that are arrested after an initial hypermutation reaction, or from germinal center B cells that have differentiated in terms of surface immunoglobulin profile and mutation pattern but not in terms of morphology and proliferation toward SIgM+ IgD- memory B cells because of the deregulated c-myc gene expression.
Revised Standardized Equation for Hydrogen Gas Densities for Fuel Consumption Applications (2008)

An equation for the density of hydrogen gas has been developed that agrees with the current standard to within 0.01% from 220 K to 1000 K with pressures up to 70 MPa, to within 0.01% from 255 K to 1000 K with pressures to 120 MPa, and to within 0.1% from 200 K to 1000 K up to 200 MPa. The equation is a truncated virial-type equation based on pressure and temperature dependent terms. The density uncertainty for this equation is the same as the current standard and is estimated to be 0.04% (combined uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2) between 250 K and 450 K for all pressures, and 0.1% for lower temperatures. Comparisons are presented with experimental data and with the full equation of state.
AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF (±)-6,7-DIMETHOXY-1-OXO-2-(3-PIPERIDYL)-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE (2001)

The synthesis of (±)-6,7-dimethoxy-1-oxo-2-(3-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1) via the cyclization of dimethylacetal (3) under acidic condition is described.