gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ear Diseases of the Dog and Cat (2004)

This book enables readers to reach a fast and accurate diagnosis of ear disease in the dog and cat and then to manage the treatment. Ear disease, particularly otitis externa is a common condition presented in veterinary practice and is not always obvious to the pet owner. Other vital conditions covered include otitis media, vestibula syndrome or ac
Triple balloon‐on‐a‐wire or “méanage á trois” coronary angioplasty (1993)

We have described here the triple balloon or "ménage à trois" technique of coronary angioplasty of trifurcation lesions or closely approximated bifurcation lesions. Although the need for this technique is uncommon on anatomic grounds, it can facilitate excellent angiographic results.
Injerto libre de peroné en el tratamiento de defectos óseos (2012)

Objetivo: Describir los resultados en un grupo de pacientes afectados por grandes lesiones oseas, que fueron tratados con injerto libre de perone. Metodo: Se describen los hallazgos obtenidos en 11 pacientes, que acudieron a la consulta externa de los hospitales Fousseyni Daou de Kayes y Nacional de Kati, Republica de Mali, en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre 2006 y septiembre 2008. Todos fueron tratados con ostectomia del tejido desvitalizado, estabilizacion osea e injerto libre de perone. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes masculinos (77,7%), cuya edad media fue 25,8 ± 10,8 anos; la tibia (54,5%) fue el sitio mas frecuente de la lesion. Acorde al origen del defecto oseo predominaron los pacientes con osteomielitis (63,6%) y seudoartrosis (36,3%). En el 72,7% de los casos, los tiempos de consolidacion estuvieron por encima de las 30 semanas. Todos los injertos se integraron adecuadamente al sitio receptor. Conclusiones: El injerto libre de perone continua siendo una tecnica efectiva para resolver defectos oseos en aquellos servicios que no cuenten con Banco de Hueso para obtener hueso liofilizado, ni posibilidad de realizar injertos vascularizados
Clinical trial of a hemoglobin based blood substitute in patients with sickle cell anemia. (1992)

A hemoglobin based "blood substitute" developed at Texas Tech University and produced in Italy was used in nine children with sickle cell anemia admitted to the Centre de l'Anemie S. S. of Kinshasa, Zaire. Five of the children presented an "aplastic crisis," for example, a sudden decrease in hemoglobin concentration associated with absence of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood, and four were admitted with unremitting severe pain because of a "vaso-occlusive crisis." The blood substitute contained 10 per cent hemoglobin and was infused in a volume corresponding to 25 per cent of blood volume (calculated for each child as equal to 7 per cent of body weight in kilograms). No adverse reaction was noted. To the contrary, all patients presented beneficial effects. In the patients with aplastic crisis, the hemoglobin solution stimulated the bone marrow to a significant erythropoietic effect, whereby the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood increased from zero to 47 +/- 7 per cent. In the patients with vaso-occlusive crises, pain was quickly relieved.
Differential expression and localization of TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 in human gliomas (2001)

Studies have suggested that an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may contribute to the malignant phenotype of gliomas. In this study, we have undertaken a detailed analysis of expression of the TIMP family in normal human brain and malignant gliomas at both the mRNA and protein level. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses of total RNA from surgical tumour specimens revealed unique expression patterns for the 4 members of the TIMP family, with TIMP-1 and -4 showing positive and negative correlations, respectively, with glioma malignancy. By RT-PCR, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression did not change with tumour grade. In situ hybridization localized TIMP-1 to glial tumour cells and also to the surrounding tumour vasculature. TIMP-4 transcripts were predominantly localized to tumour cells, though minor expression was found in vessels. Recombinant TIMP-4 reduced invasion of U251 glioma cells through Matrigel, and U87 clones overexpressing TIMP-4 showed reduced invasive capacity in vitro. TIMP-4, but not TIMP-1, blocked Membrane Type-1-MMP-mediated progelatinase-A (MMP-2) activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The differential expression and localization of individual TIMPs may contribute to the pathophysiology of human malignant gliomas, particularly with regard to tumour vascularization.
Expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma cell lines (1992)

The expression of nine oncogenes (c-myc, N-myc, N-ras, H-ras, k-ras, abl, fos, src, and raf) and two tumor suppressor genes (p53 and RB) were studied by northern blot hybridization in six human hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, Hep G2, 2.2.15, HLE, and HLF) and in a human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38) to look for differences that might be associated with the presence (PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, and 2.2.15) or absence (Hep G2, HLE, and HLF) of integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The levels of expression of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes were unrelated to the presence or absence of integrated HBV-DNA. Furthermore, the intensity of expression of these oncogenes was no greater in the 2.2.15 cell line (consisting of Hep G2 cells transfected with hepatitis B virus) than in untransfected Hep G2 cells.
Use of Discriminant Analysis (1978)

Thirty-three ocular, systemic, and laboratory variables were used in a discriminant analysis to separate 219 patients suffering from chronic open-angle glaucoma from 100 people who did not have the disease. The analysis used seven of the variables to separate 93% of the patients correctly. Without intraocular pressure, a 90% separation was obtained.
On-board preventive maintenance for long-life deep-space missions: a model-based analysis (2002)

The long-life deep-space missions associated with NASA's X2000 Advanced Flight Systems Program creates many unprecedented challenges. In particular the stringent constraints on the mass of a spacecraft and the power on-board preclude traditional fault tolerance approaches which rely on extensive component/subsystem replication, calling for novel approaches to mission reliability enhancement. In this paper we present an approach to on-board preventive maintenance which rejuvenates a system via periodical duty switching between system components, slowing down a system's aging process and enhancing mission reliability. By exploiting the nondedicated system redundancy hardware and software rejuvenation are realized simultaneously without significant performance penalty. Our model-based evaluation confirms a potential for significant gains in mission reliability from on-board preventive maintenance and provides to us useful insights about the collective effect of age-dependent failure behavior residual mission life, risk of unsuccessful maintenance and maintenance frequency on mission reliability.
Carbon monoxide-dependent chemolithotrophic growth of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum (1987)

The acetogen Clostridium thermoautotrophicum was cultivated under CO-dependent chemolithotrophic conditions. CO-dependent growth profiles and energetics indicated that supplemental CO2 was fundamental to efficient growth at the expense of CO. Overall product stoichiometry approximated 6.5CO----CH3CO2H + 3.5CO2 + 0.6 cell C + 0.5 unrecovered C. Initial CO/CO2 ratios of 2 to 4 yielded optimal doubling times and cell yields. Maximal YCO values approximated 2.5 g of cell dry weight per mol of CO consumed; YH2 was considerably lower than YCO. Cross-transfer growth experiments and protein profiles indicated differential expression of genes between CO and methanol cultures.
782. Long-Term Expression of EIAV Lentivectors Pseudotyped with Influenza Virus Spike Glycoproteins after Nasal Delivery to Mice (2006)

There are multiple challenges for achieving long-term expression by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Potential problems include down-regulation or destruction of transduced cells due to an immune response or shut down of gene expression due to silencing. Cell- specific promoters may help alleviate some of these potential problems by restricting expression to a smaller subset of cells, or by promoting regulated expression in terminally differentiated cells. The purpose of this study was to determine how constructs containing various airway-specific promoters behave in an in vivo mouse model for airway gene transfer. Specifically, we were interested in the duration of expression following nasal delivery and whether there was an immune response to lentivectors based upon equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). SIN vectors were constructed containing gfp, luciferase, or lacZ reporter genes driven by the human FOXJ1 promoter or the long terminal repeats (LTR) of Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) or Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV). Control vectors contained a composite CMV/beta-actin (CB) promoter. Adult outbred mice were inoculated intranasally with luciferase vectors pseudotyped with influenza hemagglutinin (HA). We utilized a cooled-coupled device (CCD) camera to image the mice starting at week 2 post-infection. At week 12, some of the mice were infected with a second HA-pseudotyped vector that expressed GFP or beta-galactosidase. Blood was drawn from these mice prior to infection and at 1 and 14 weeks post-infection to determine if there was a neutralizing antibody response to HA pseudotyped vectors or to control vectors pseudotyped with VSV- G. Stable luciferase expression was observed through week 22 in mice receiving the FOXJ1-luciferase vector. Mice receiving the ENTV, JSRV and CB promoter constructs showed more variation in levels of expression. Luciferase expression was still observed in most of the mice at week 14 when all but three of the FOXJ1-luciferase mice were sacrificed. Analysis of heat-inactivated serum demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies directed against the HA pseudotyped vector were produced in mice that received two doses of at least 100,000 infectious vector particles. Neutralizing activity was not observed after a single dose of the vector. Experiments are in progress to determine vector expression levels following re-administration to mice that have developed neutralizing serum antibodies. In conclusion, we observed expression from the EIAV FOXJ1-luciferase vector for at least 22 weeks following a single administration to the nose. Stability of luciferase expression was dependent upon the promoter used to drive transcription. Expression from the FOXJ1 promoter showed the most consistency between mice and was more stable over time than the other promoters that were tested.
Comparative genomic analysis of the whale (<i>Pseudorca crassidens</i>) <i>PRNP</i> locus (2008)

There have been many studies of the morphology, behavioral audiograms, and population structure of the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), but sequencing, mapping, and functional and comparative genomics studies are still largely unknown. In this paper, we sequenced three novel BAC clones corresponding to a total length of 308 kb and spanning the PRNP, PRND, and RASSF2 loci, and conducted comparative genomic analysis to examine the genomic structure of the false killer whale PRNP locus. We determined that the three genes show a high degree of conservation in their syntenic regions with respect to gene order, gene orientation, and the predicted coding sequence (CDS) between human and whale, whereas PRNT was not detected in whale. Interestingly, the predicted CDS in whale PRNP contained a novel type of 4-copy octarepeat resulting from a 24 bp deletion when compared with the human sequence. In addition, we identified a novel 1869 bp repeat unit in a region that is non-syntenic to human and cow sequences and is therefore considered to be whale-specific sequence. Our results will provide novel insights into the genomic changes that have occurred during evolution of mammalian PRNP loci, and may also have implications for research into prion disease.
Hot carrier stress study in Hf-silicate NMOS transistors (2005)

Hot carrier stress (HCS) effects in NMOSFETs with HfSiO gate dielectric and poly-Si gate electrode are investigated. Both cold carriers and hot carriers contribute to the reversible V/sub th/ shift. In the case of the poly gate electrode, the stress bias dependant positive charge, attributed to the hole generation/trapping process, may complicate evaluation of the constant voltage stress and hot carrier stress. Cold carrier induced hole generation in poly-Si gate devices at high temperature is not desirable for a high-k stack. TiN metal gates show superior stress stability.
Adaptation behavior of a feedforward amplifier linearizer (1995)

Feedforward linearization has advantages in bandwidth and generality over other linearization methods. However, it is based on the subtraction of nearly equal quantities, so its major parameters must adapt to changes in environmental or operating conditions. This paper is the first published analysis of adaptation behavior in feedforward amplifier linearizers. As such, it presents an analytical framework and several new results, including convergence time and coefficient jitter, a bias effect that leads to extreme accuracy requirements in one coefficient, the effect of delay mismatch, and the mitigating effects of a filter inserted in one adaptation path.
Subcytocidal Attack by Staphylococcal Alpha-Toxin Activates NF-κB and Induces Interleukin-8 Production (2001)

Formation of transmembrane pores by staphylococcal alpha-toxin can provoke a spectrum of events depending on target cell species and toxin dose, and in certain cases, repair of the lesions has been observed. Here, we report that transcriptional processes are activated as a response of cells to low toxin doses. Exposure of monocytic (THP-1) or epithelial (ECV304) cells to 40 to 160 ng/ml alpha-toxin provoked a drop in cellular ATP level that was followed by secretion of substantial amounts of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cells transfected with constructs comprising the proximal IL-8 promoter fused to luciferase or to green fluorescent protein cDNA exhibited enhanced reporter gene expression following toxin treatment. Electrophoretic mobility shift and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that IL-8 secretion was preceded by activation of NF-kappaB. Transfection experiments conducted with p65/p50 double-deficient cells showed that activation of the IL-8 promoter/reporter by toxin was absolutely dependent on NF-kappaB. In contrast, this transcription factor was not required for lesion repair. Attack of cells by low doses of a pore-forming toxin can lead to transcriptional gene activation, which is followed by production of mediators that may contribute to the initiation and propagation of inflammatory lesions.
Rapid Purification of Enzymes of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis from Rat Adipose Tissue (1983)

Acetyl CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthetase were purified to homogeneity by a simple procedure. The purification method consists of polymerization of acetyl CoA carboxylase with citrate followed by avidin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthetase were isolated as by-products of acetyl CoA carboxylase purification and are separated from each other by chromatography on DE-52. ATP-citrate lyase was further purified by CoA-agarose affinity chromatography and fatty acid synthetase was purified on Bio-Gel A-1.5m. Purified ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase had specific activities of 9.9, 2.8 and 1.8 U/mg respectively with an over all recovery of 30, 25 and 50% respectively. Using these purified enzymes, we found that ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase were phosphorylated in vitro by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase kinase whereas fatty acid synthetase was not phosphorylated by these protein kinases.
Polyphosphate Kinase from Activated Sludge Performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (2002)

A novel polyphosphate kinase (PPK) was retrieved from an uncultivated organism in activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Acetate-fed laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors were used to maintain sludge with a high phosphorus content (approximately 11% of the biomass). PCR-based clone libraries of small subunit rRNA genes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to verify that the sludge was enriched in Rhodocyclus-like beta-Proteobacteria known to be associated with sludges carrying out EBPR. These organisms comprised approximately 80% of total bacteria in the sludge, as assessed by FISH. Degenerate PCR primers were designed to retrieve fragments of putative ppk genes from a pure culture of Rhodocyclus tenuis and from organisms in the sludge. Four novel ppk homologs were found in the sludge, and two of these (types I and II) shared a high degree of amino acid similarity with R. tenuis PPK (86 and 87% similarity, respectively). Dot blot analysis of total RNA extracted from sludge demonstrated that the Type I ppk mRNA was present, indicating that this gene is expressed during EBPR. Inverse PCR was used to obtain the full Type I sequence from sludge DNA, and a full-length PPK was cloned, overexpressed, and purified to near homogeneity. The purified PPK has a specific activity comparable to that of other PPKs, has a requirement for Mg(2+), and does not appear to operate in reverse. PPK activity was found mainly in the particulate fraction of lysed sludge microorganisms.
Chronic inositol treatment reduces depression‐like immobility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats in the forced swim test (2002)

Inositol, a precursor of the PIP cycle that was reported to have therapeutic effects in depressive patients and to be effective in two animal models of depression, was evaluated in the forced swim test using the genetic Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats model of depression. Groups of rats were tested in a 2 × 2 design with Strain (FSL or Control) as one factor and Drug (Inositol or Placebo) as the second factor. Rats received chronic treatment (daily for 14 days) with inositol (1.2 g/kg) or placebo (1:2 glucose/mannitol solution). On day 14 rats were exposed to the forced swim test for 5 min and their behavior videotaped. Tapes were analyzed for three levels of activity: immobility, swimming, and vigorous struggle. Inositol countered the exaggerated immobility of FSL rats in the forced swim test, without affecting control animals. Data support our previous suggestion of inositol as a potential antidepressant. Depression and Anxiety 15:148–151, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers. 2. Distance Dependence of Enhanced Raman Scattering from an Azobenzene Terminal Group (1997)

The distance dependence function (DDF) of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been measured. A novel feature of this work is that a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiol is used as the spacer layer whose length is varied from 1 to 15 methylene units. In addition, an azobenzene Raman label is covalently linked to the monolayer via an amide bond. Experimental DDF curves can be modeled reasonably with an electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement theory of Gersten and Nitzan. The characteristic distance at which SERS signals decrease by half is about 7 Å, 5 times shorter than previous values obtained with LB films as the spacer layer. We ascribe this discrepancy to the difference in the number of defects present in the spacer layer.
Development and Validation of a Simulator based on a First-Principle Flotation Model (2013)

A first-principle flotation model was derived at Virginia Tech from the basic mechanisms involved in the bubble-particle and bubble-bubble interactions occurring in a flotation cell (Yoon and Mao, 1996; Sherrell and Yoon, 2005; Do, H, 2010). The model consists of a series of analytical equations for bubble generation, bubble-particle collision, attachment, detachment, and froth phase recovery. The process of bubble-particle attachment has been modelled on the premise that bubble-particle attachment occurs when the disjoining pressure of the thin liquid in a wetting films formed between particle and bubble is negative, as was first suggested by Laskowski and Kitchener (1969). These provisions allow for the flotation model to incorporate various chemistry parameters such as zeta-potentials, contact angles, surface tension in addition to the physical and hydrodynamic parameters such as particle size, bubble size, and energy dissipation rate. In the present work, the effects of both hydrodynamic and chemistry parameters have been studied using the model-based computer simulator. A series of laboratory batch flotation experiments carried out on mono-sized glass beads validated the simulation results. The flotation feeds were characterized in terms of particle size, contact angle, and Hamaker constant, and the
A multidimensional approach to the genetics of schizophrenia (1988)

To determine which dimensions of psychopathology are associated with a greater liability to develop schizophrenia, the authors examined the case histories of 151 monozygotic probands from five twin studies. Proband twins from pairs concordant for schizophrenia had greater numbers of negative symptoms, poorer premorbid adjustment, fewer paranoid symptoms, and earlier ages at onset than probands from discordant pairs. In discriminant analyses, negative symptoms, premorbid social competence, and paranoid symptoms each contributed to the discrimination between concordant and discordant pairs. These results provide support for Strauss et al.'s suggestion that these three types of symptoms reflect three different functional processes in the development of schizophrenia.
Induced ordered weighted averaging operators (1999)

We briefly describe the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator and discuss a methodology for learning the associated weighting vector from observational data. We then introduce a more general type of OWA operator called the Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) Operator. These operators take as their argument pairs, called OWA pairs, in which one component is used to induce an ordering over the second components which are then aggregated. A number of different aggregation situations have been shown to be representable in this framework. We then show how this tool can be used to represent different types of aggregation models.
Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease (1998)

n this issue of Circulation, Ridker and colleagues 1 discuss the incremental value of CRP as a predictor of future CVD events.Their conclusion is that CRP is at least additive to HDL and total cholesterol with respect to risk prediction.In fact, there is some evidence that lipids and CRP are better predictors jointly than would be expected by adding up their individual predictive powers.CRP appeared to predict events in those at low risk on the basis of lipids, and CRP-lipid relationships to events were minimally altered by adjustment for other known CVD risk factors.These findings have important implications for CVD risk assessment and risk management.