gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palmprint Identification using Boosting Local Binary Pattern (2006)

Local binary pattern (LBP) is a powerful texture descriptor that is gray-scale and rotation invariant according to T. Ojala et al. (2002). Because texture is one of the most clearly observable features in low-resolution palmprint images, we think local binary pattern based features are very discriminative for palmprint identification. In this paper, we propose a palmprint identification approach using boosted local binary pattern based classifiers. The palmprint area is scanned with a scalable sub-window from which local binary pattern histograms are extracted to represent the local features of a palmprint image. The multi-class problem is transformed into a two-class one of intra- and extra-class by classifying every pair of palmprint images as intra-class or extra-class ones in the work of B. Moghaddam et al. (1996). We use the AdaBoost algorithm in the work of Y. Freund and R.E. Schapire (1997) to select those sub-windows that are more discriminative for classification. Weak classifiers are constructed based on the Chi square distance between two corresponding local binary pattern histograms. Experiments on the UST-HK palmprint database show competitive performance
A Specific Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Carriers Overrides Melanoma Resistance to an Oncolytic Adenovirus (2012)

The homing properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) toward tumors turn them into attractive tools for combining cell and gene therapy. The aim of this study was to select in a feasible way a human bone marrow-derived MSC subpopulation that might exhibit a selective ability to target the tumor mass. Using differential in vitro adhesive capacities during cells isolation, we selected a specific MSC subpopulation (termed MO-MSCs) that exhibited enhanced multipotent capacity and increased cell surface expression of specific integrins (integrins α2, α3, and α5), which correlated with an enhanced MO-MSCs adhesiveness toward their specific ligands. Moreover, MO-MSCs exhibited a higher migration toward conditioned media from different cancer cell lines and fresh human breast cancer samples in the presence or not of a human microendothelium monolayer. Further in vivo studies demonstrated increased tumor homing of MO-MSCs toward established 578T and MD-MBA-231 breast cancer and A375N melanoma tumor xenografts. Tumor penetration by MO-MSCs was highly dependent on metallopeptidases production as it was inhibited by the specific inhibitor 1,10 phenantroline. Finally, systemically administered MO-MSCs preloaded with an oncolytic adenovirus significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice harboring established A375N melanomas, overcoming the natural resistance of the tumor to in situ administration of the oncolytic adenovirus. In summary, this work characterizes a novel MSC subpopulation with increased tumor homing capacity that can be used to transport therapeutic compounds.
Primary Structure of the Drosophila Laminin B2 Chain and Comparison with Human, Mouse, and Drosophila Laminin B1 and B2 Chains (1989)

Laminin, a major component of basement membranes, is a large glycoprotein consisting of three disulfide-bonded subunits, A, B1, and B2. We have isolated and sequenced a Drosophila laminin B2 chain cDNA clone that spans 5737 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts that the mature and nonglycosylated polypeptide has a chain length of 1606 residues (Mr = 178,665). This B2 chain contains 100 half-cystine residues, most of which are located in two cysteine-rich domains, and 11 N-X-S or N-X-T sequences which are potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. The predicted secondary structure reveals the presence of six structurally distinct domains, of which two are mainly alpha-helical, two are cysteine-rich with homologous repeats, and two are globular regions. The Drosophila B2 chain is 40.3 and 41.1% identical to the human and mouse B2 chains, respectively, and 29.6, 30.0, and 29.4% identical to the Drosophila, human, and mouse B1 chains, respectively.
Mutant Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Proteins Have Altered Solubility and Interact with Heat Shock/Stress Proteins in Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2001)

Mutations in the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) gene are responsible for a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In humans and experimental models, death of motor neurons is preceded by formation of cytoplasmic aggregates containing mutant SOD-1 protein. In our previous studies, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) prolonged viability of cultured motor neurons expressing mutant human SOD-1 and reduced formation of aggregates. In this paper, we report that mutant SOD-1 proteins have altered solubility in cells relative to wild-type SOD-1 and can form a direct association with HSP70 and other stress proteins. Whereas wild-type human and endogenous mouse SOD-1 were detergent-soluble, a portion of mutant SOD-1 was detergent-insoluble in protein extracts of NIH3T3 transfected with SOD-1 gene constructs, spinal cord cultures established from G93A SOD-1 transgenic mouse embryos, and lumbar spinal cord from adult G93A transgenic mice. A direct association of HSP70, HSP40, and alphaB-crystallin with mutant SOD-1 (G93A or G41S), but not wild-type or endogenous mouse SOD-1, was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. Mutant SOD-1.HSP70 complexes were predominantly in the detergent-insoluble fraction. However, only a small percentage of total cellular mutant SOD-1 was detergent-insoluble, suggesting that mutation-induced alteration of protein conformation may not in itself be sufficient for direct interaction with heat shock proteins.
Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for filter bank multicarrier communication systems (2010)

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio standard has adopted a special form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) method for the uplink of multiple access networks. This method which is called single carrier frequency division multiple access (S
Mathematical aspects of BRDF modeling: Adjoint problem and green's function (2000)

Adjoint formulation of three‐dimensional radiative transfer and the Green's function concept have been developed in neutron transport several decades ago. This is not merely yet another method of simulating the radiative transfer process, but a method of reformulating the problem to better incorporate existing radiation models into a particular research. In the case of photon transport in vegetation canopies, the Green's function is a canopy radiative response to a point monodirectional source located outside the canopy. The Green's function, therefore, has intrinsic canopy information. It can be evaluated by using existing canopy radiation models. The problem‐dependent adjoint formulation of radiative transfer allows us to express a particular canopy radiation effect in terms of the Green's function and, as a consequence, to better adjust the existing models to the solution of a specific radiation problem. Application of this technique to the retrieval of biophysical parameters from remotely sensed data (the table look‐up method) was discussed in (Kimes et al., this issue). In this paper, we will illustrate how this concept can be applied to the estimation of cloud optical properties from ground‐based measurements of spectral zenith radiance above the vegetation canopy under broken cloud conditions. In spite of different physical formulations of these problems, both of them use the Green's function to describe radiation fields due to the interaction between the canopy ground and the canopy and the canopy – clouds interaction. This technique allows us not only to extend an applicability range of existing canopy – radiation models, but also to incorporate of various approaches developed in other fields of physics into BRDF modeling and its applications.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A MUTATION IN YEAST CAUSING NONRANDOM CHROMOSOME LOSS DURING MITOSIS (1978)

Diploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for a recessive chromosome loss mutation (chl) exhibit a high degree of mitotic instability. Cells become monosomic for chromosome III at a frequency of approximately one percent of all cell divisions. Chromosome loss at this high frequency is also found for chromosome I, and at lesser frequencies for chromosomes VIII and XVI. In contrast, little or no chromosome loss is found for six other linkage groups tested (II, V, VI, VII, XI and XVII). The chl mutation also induces a ten-fold increase in both intergenic and intragenic mitotic recombination on all ten linkage groups tested. The chl mutation does not cause an increase in spontaneous mutations, nor are mutant strains sensitive to UV or irradiation. The effects of chl during meiosis are observed primarily in reduced spore viability. A decrease in chromosome III linkage relationships is also found.
Hierarchical Oracles for Time-Dependent Networks. (2015)

We present novel oracles for networks that obey time-dependent metrics with two unique features: (i) they provably achieve subquadratic preprocessing time and space that is \emph{independent} of the metric; (ii) they provably achieve query time that is sublinear either on the network size, or on the actual \emph{Dijkstra Rank} of the query at hand.
Propagation, Detection and Containment of Mobile Malware. (2008)

Today's enterprise systems and networks are frequent targets of malicious attacks, such as worms, viruses, spyware and intrusions that can disrupt, or even disable critical services. Recent trends suggest that by combining spyware as a malicious payload with worms as a delivery mechanism, malicious programs can potentially be used for industrial espionage and identity theft. The problem is compounded further by the increasing convergence of wired, wireless and cellular networks, since virus writers can now write malware that can crossover from one network segment to another, exploiting services and vulnerabilities specific to each network. This dissertation makes four primary contributions. First, it builds more accurate malware propagation models for emerging hybrid malware (i.e., malware that use multiple propagation vectors such as Bluetooth, Email, Peer-to-Peer, Instant Messaging, etc.), addressing key propagation factors such as heterogeneity of nodes, services and user mobility within the network. Second, it develops a proactive containment framework based on group-behavior of hosts against such malicious agents in an enterprise setting. The majority of today's anti-virus solutions are reactive, i.e., these are activated only after a malicious activity has been detected at a node in the network. In contrast, proactive containment has the potential of closing the vulnerable services ahead of infection, and thereby halting the spread of the malware. Third, we study (1) the current-generation mobile viruses and worms that target SMS/MMS messaging and Bluetooth on handsets, and the corresponding exploits, and (2) their potential impact in a large SMS provider network using real-life SMS network data. Finally, we propose a new behavioral approach for detecting emerging malware targeting mobile handsets. Our approach is based on the concept of generalized behavioral patterns instead of traditional signature-based detection. The signature-based methods are not scalable for deployment in mobile devices due to limited resources available on today's typical handsets. Further, we demonstrate that the behavioral approach not only has a compact footprint, but also can detect new classes of malware that combine some features from existing classes of malware.
Control of Uncertain LTI Systems Based on an Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (2004)

This paper proposes a robust control strategy for uncertain LTI systems. The strategy is based on an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE). It brings similar performance as the time-delay control (TDC). The advantages over TDC are: (i) no delay is introduced into the system; (ii) there are no oscillations in the control signal; and (iii) there is no need of measuring the derivatives of the state vector. The robust stability of LTI-SISO systems is analyzed, and simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the UDE-based control with a comparison made with TDC.
Ce3+→Nd3+ energy transfer in silicate glass (1976)

Radiative and nonradiative energy transfer from optically excited Ce3+ to Nd3+ has been studied in silicate laser glass. The quantum efficiency for nonradiative Ce3+→Nd3+ transfer was determined from the Ce3+ fluorescence decay rates. The Ce3+ fluorescence decayed exponentially with a rate proportional to the Nd3+ concentration. Physical processes to account for the observed energy transfer are discussed. In addition, the utility of Ce3+→Nd3+ energy transfer is considered for laser applications. In this context, the energy deposited in a Ce3+-Nd3+–codoped glass was calculated using a computer program containing a model of the xenon flashlamp spectrum as a function of current density. The results indicate that improvements in the optical pumping efficiency in typical Nd lasers are limited to &lt;40%.
Six Challenges for Neural Machine Translation (2017)

We explore six challenges for neural machine translation: domain mismatch, amount of training data, rare words, long sentences, word alignment, and beam search. We show both deficiencies and improvements over the quality of phrasebased statistical machine translation.
Ultrafast Reverse Recovery Time Measurement for Wide-Bandgap Diodes (2017)

A system is presented that is capable of measuring subnanosecond reverse recovery times of diodes in wide-bandgap materials over a wide range of forward biases (0 - 1 A) and reverse voltages (0 - 10 kV). The system utilizes the step recovery technique and comprises a cable pulser based on a silicon (Si) Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch (PCSS) triggered with an Ultrashort Pulse Laser, a pulse charging circuit, a diode biasing circuit, and resistive and capacitive voltage monitors. The PCSS-based cable pulser transmits a 130 ps rise time pulse down a transmission line to a capacitively coupled diode, which acts as the terminating element of the transmission line. The temporal nature of the pulse reflected by the diode provides the reverse recovery characteristics of the diode, measured with a high bandwidth capacitive probe integrated into the cable pulser. This system was used to measure the reverse recovery times (including the creation and charging of the depletion region) for two Avogy gallium nitride diodes; the initial reverse recovery time was found to be 4 ns and varied minimally over reverse biases of 50-100 V and forward current of 1-100 mA.
Automatic Implantable Cardioverter/ Defibrillator: Inadvertent Discharges During Permanent Pacemaker Magnet Tests (1987)

A patient with an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) received two inadvertent shocks when a magnet was placed over the pacer during a routine permanent pacer check. Analysis of the rhythm strip suggested that both patients' QRS complexes (133 beats/minute) and asynchronous pacer artifacts (70 beats/minute) were counted by the AICD sensing system and exceeded the rate criteria of 153 beats/minute. This resulted in shocks from the AICD during sinus rhythm at 133 beats/minute. To avoid possible inadvertent shocks, an AICD should be deactivated while a magnet is placed over the pacemaker during a permanent pacer check.
Scholarships for Revolution (1984)

We may remember that when the Shah visited our country fourteen years ago, there were demonstrations and riots by the Iranian students for the purpose of calling attention to the political problems of their homeland. This was an example of the feedback effect of Western education on guest students who are encouraged in great numbers and supported with a lot of money. It is not merely scientific knowledge that is provided; the host country would also like to promote good will for its own cause. We must look more carefully at whether friends can be made in this way and how.
Polarization-independent optical demultiplexing by conventional nonlinear optical loop mirror in a polarization-diversity loop configuration (2000)

All-optical demultiplexing schemes based on cross-phase modulation in a conventional nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror (NOLM) switch generally suffer from a polarization dependence. In this letter, we propose a polarization-diversity loop configuration that allows polarization-independent all-optical demultiplexing by a conventional NOLM switch. We demonstrate polarization-independent all-optical demultiplexing of 40 Gbit/s signal pulses using the proposed scheme.
Ultrasound simulation of complex flow velocity fields based on computational fluid dynamics (2009)

In this work, a simulation environment for the development of flow-related ultrasound algorithms is presented. Ultrasound simulations of realistic Doppler signals require accurate modeling of blood flow. Instead of using analytically described flow behavior, complex blood movement can be derived from velocity fields obtained with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). By further modeling blood as a collection of point scatterers, resulting RF-signals can be efficiently retrieved using an existing ultrasound simulation model. The main aim of this paper is to elaborate on creating CFDbased phantoms for ultrasound simulations. The coupling of a computed flow field with an ultrasound model offers flexible control of flow and ultrasound imaging parameters, beneficial for improving and developing imaging algorithms. The proposed method was validated in a straight tube with a stationary parabolic velocity profile and further demonstrated by an eccentrically stenosis carotid bifurcation. The estimated flow velocities are in good agreement with the CFD reference, both for color flow imaging and pulsed-wave doppler simulations. The presented method can also be extended to include wall mechanics simulations in future work.
Review: Serum and urine biomarkers of kidney disease: A pathophysiological perspective (2010)

The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for the improved management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Recent developments have identified a number of novel biomarkers in serum or urine that can determine the potential risk of kidney damage, distinguish different types of renal injury, predict the progression of disease and have the potential to assess the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. Some of these biomarkers can be used independently while others are more beneficial when used in combination with knowledge of other clinical risk factors. Advances in gene expression analysis, chromatography, mass spectrometry and the development of sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have facilitated accurate quantification of many biomarkers. This review primarily focuses on describing new and established biomarkers, which identify and measure the various pathophysiological processes that promote kidney disease. It provides an overview of some of the different classes of renal biomarkers that can be assessed in serum/plasma and urine, including markers of renal function, oxidative stress, structural and cellular injury, immune responses and fibrosis. However, it does not explore the current status of these biomarkers in terms of their clinical validation.
New sequence polymorphisms in the outer loops of the JC polyomavirus major capsid protein (VP1) possibly associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (2005)

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with decreased immune competence. To elucidate genetic changes in JCPyV associated with the pathogenesis of PML, multiple complete JCPyV DNA clones originating from the brains of three PML cases were established and sequenced. Although unique rearranged control regions occurred in all clones, a low level of nucleotide variation was also found in the coding region. In each case, a parental coding sequence was identified, from which variant coding sequences with nucleotide substitutions would have been generated. A comparison between the parental and variant coding sequences demonstrated that all 12 detected nucleotide substitutions gave rise to amino acid changes. Interestingly, seven of these changes were located in the surface loops of the major capsid protein (VP1). Finally, 16 reported VP1 sequences of PML-type JCPyV (i.e. derived from the brain or cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients) were compared with their genotypic prototypes, generated as consensus sequences of representative archetypal isolates belonging to the same genotypes; 13 VP1 proteins had amino acid changes in the surface loops. In contrast, VP1 proteins from isolates from the urine of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients rarely underwent mutations in the VP1 loops. The present findings suggest that PML-type JCPyV frequently undergoes amino acid substitutions in the VP1 loops. These polymorphisms should serve as a new marker for the identification of JCPyV isolates associated with PML. The biological significance of these mutations, however, remains unclear.
Preface (2015)

Professor Rou-Huai Wang (October 30, 1924 - November 5, 2001) was a mathematician who proved fundamental results for partial differential equations,helped to introduce modern PDE theory to the Chinese mathematics community since early 50's, and played a leading role in revitalizing PDE research in China after the disastrous 'Cultural Revolution' (1966-1976). He was regarded by many Chinese mathematicians of younger generations as a visionary, generous and caring mentor.For more information please click the “Full Text” above.
A Novel Role for the RNA–Binding Protein FXR1P in Myoblasts Cell-Cycle Progression by Modulating p21/Cdkn1a/Cip1/Waf1 mRNA Stability (2013)

The Fragile X-Related 1 gene (FXR1) is a paralog of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1), whose absence causes the Fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. FXR1P plays an important role in normal muscle development, and its absence causes muscular abnormalities in mice, frog, and zebrafish. Seven alternatively spliced FXR1 transcripts have been identified and two of them are skeletal muscle-specific. A reduction of these isoforms is found in myoblasts from Facio-Scapulo Humeral Dystrophy (FSHD) patients. FXR1P is an RNA-binding protein involved in translational control; however, so far, no mRNA target of FXR1P has been linked to the drastic muscular phenotypes caused by its absence. In this study, gene expression profiling of C2C12 myoblasts reveals that transcripts involved in cell cycle and muscular development pathways are modulated by Fxr1-depletion. We observed an increase of p21--a regulator of cell-cycle progression--in Fxr1-knocked-down mouse C2C12 and FSHD human myoblasts. Rescue of this molecular phenotype is possible by re-expressing human FXR1P in Fxr1-depleted C2C12 cells. FXR1P muscle-specific isoforms bind p21 mRNA via direct interaction with a conserved G-quadruplex located in its 3' untranslated region. The FXR1P/G-quadruplex complex reduces the half-life of p21 mRNA. In the absence of FXR1P, the upregulation of p21 mRNA determines the elevated level of its protein product that affects cell-cycle progression inducing a premature cell-cycle exit and generating a pool of cells blocked at G0. Our study describes a novel role of FXR1P that has crucial implications for the understanding of its role during myogenesis and muscle development, since we show here that in its absence a reduced number of myoblasts will be available for muscle formation/regeneration, shedding new light into the pathophysiology of FSHD.