gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of serum ferritin to concanavalin A in patients with iron overload and with chronic liver disease. (1982)

Total serum ferritin and the proportion of serum ferritin binding to concanavalin A (glycosylated ferritin) was measured in 18 healthy volunteers and in 84 patients, eight with primary haemochromatosis, 43 with beta-thalassaemia major and secondary iron overload and 33 with chronic liver diseases without iron overload. The total serum ferritin was either equally or even more closely related than either the non-binding or the concanavalin A binding ferritin, to the liver iron concentration in all patients with iron overload, and with the units of blood transfused in non-chelated thalassaemic patients. The total serum ferritin showed a significant correlation with serum aminotransferase for the group of 84 patients. In the thalassaemic patients the ferritin binding to concanavalin A also correlated with aminotransferase. However, in the other groups it was the ferritin not binding to concanavalin A which showed a significant correlation with aminotransferase activity. These results suggest that measuring the fraction of serum ferritin which binds to concanavalin A does not offer any advantage over estimation of the total serum ferritin concentration in the assessment of iron stores in patients wit iron overload and liver damage.
Fair queuing in wireless networks: issues and approaches (1999)

Fair queuing has long been a popular paradigm for providing bounded delay channel access and separation between flows in wireline networks. However, adapting fair queuing to the wireless domain is not a trivial task because of the unique problems in wireless channels such as location-dependent and bursty channel error. In this article we identify the key issues in wireless fair queuing, define a wireless fair service model, present a generic framework for designing wireless fair queuing algorithms, and explore solutions within this framework. Using simple examples, we show that some of the wireless fair queuing algorithms proposed in literature can achieve wireless fair service.
Pectinatella Magnifica Leidy An Occasional River-Pest In Iowa (1937)

The common fresh-water Bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica Leidy, with which this paper deals, is widely distributed in the United States, Northern Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
The Immunotherapeutic Potential of Activated Canine Alveolar Macrophages and Antitumor Monoclonal Antibodies in Metastatic Canine Melanoma (1999)

A variety of immune cell activators can enhance the cytotoxic effects of monocytes/macrophages including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and muramyl peptides, which are under investigation for cancer therapy in humans and dogs. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in particular, are strategically located within the lung and provide a potential defense against cancer cells metastatic to the lung. For this reason, we examined the in vitro cytotoxic potential of fresh and IFN-gamma-activated PAMs from normal dogs targeted to canine malignant melanoma cells with antiganglioside monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Antiganglioside mAbs 14.G2a (anti-GD2) and R24 (anti-GD3), both in clinical trials for human neuroectodermal tumors including melanoma, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of canine melanoma mediated by canine PAMs. Further, the cytotoxicity mediated by recombinant canine IFN-gamma-activated canine PAMs, in combination with anti-GD2 ganglioside mAb 14.G2a, enhanced melanoma cytotoxicity above that seen with mAb 14.G2a alone. This documentation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by activated PAMs suggests that activation and targeting of resident pulmonary immune cells be pursued as a means to control pulmonary metastases.
Requirement of MHC class I antigen expression on human tumors for in vitro recognition by autologous blood lymphocytes. (1991)

Expression of class I antigens on ex-vivo tumor cells was found to be required for their recognition by autologous blood lymphocytes in vitro. Lymphocyte stimulation (auto-tumor stimulation ATS) in mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures (MLTC) and cytolysis in short term assays (autologous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity ALC) were positive with cells of a proportion of sarcoma and carcinoma patients. In addition to the class I antigens, these tumors also carried the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the MHC class I, but not to class II antigens inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in the MLTC and lysis of tumor cells in the ALC tests. In a proportion of originally negative or low expressor tumors, in vitro treatment with Interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha induced the expression of class I antigens and/or ICAM-1. In the MLTC the cytokine treated tumor cells stimulated the blood lymphocytes and generated cytotoxic effectors which reacted also with the untreated tumor cells.
Transforming of the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for TGF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Inhibition in the Context of Immune-Checkpoint Therapy (2018)

Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the fields of oncogenic signaling inhibition and particularly immune-checkpoint blockade has triggered substantial enthusiasm during the last decade. Antibody-mediated blockade of negative immune-checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4) has been shown to achieve profound responses in several of solid cancers. Unfortunately, these responses only occur in a subset of patients or, after initial therapy response, these tumors eventually relapse. Thus, elucidating the determinants of intrinsic or therapy-induced resistance is the key to improve outcomes and developing new treatment strategies. Several cytokines and growth factors are involved in the tight regulation of either antitumor immunity or immunosuppressive tumor-promoting inflammation within the tumor microenvironment (TME), of which transforming growth factor beta (TGF-<i>β</i>) is of particular importance. This review will therefore summarize the recent progress that has been made in the understanding of how TGF-<i>β</i> blockade may have the capacity to enhance efficacy of immune-checkpoint therapy which presents a rational strategy to sustain the antitumor inflammatory response to improve response rates in tumor patients. Finally, I will conclude with a comprehensive summary of clinical trials in which TGF-<i>β</i> blockade revealed therapeutic benefit for patients by counteracting tumor relapses.
FPGA implementation of the LRU algorithm for video compression (1994)

Cache based vector quantization algorithms (CVQ) have been shown to be efficient in constant quality and fixed bit rate video transmission applications. However, real time implementation of CVQ requires an efficient implementation of a stack replacement policy such as the least recently used (LRU) algorithm. The authors present an FPGA implementation of the LRU algorithm in CVQ for video compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells restores cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment and brain damage in mice (2018)

Cognitive impairments are a common side effect of chemotherapy that often persists long after treatment completion. There are no FDA-approved interventions to treat these cognitive deficits also called 'chemobrain'. We hypothesized that nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) reverses chemobrain. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of cognitive deficits induced by cisplatin that we recently developed. Mice were treated with two cycles of cisplatin followed by nasal administration of MSC. Cisplatin treatment induced deficits in the puzzle box, novel object/place recognition and Y-maze tests, indicating cognitive impairment. Nasal MSC treatment fully reversed these cognitive deficits in males and females. MSC also reversed the cisplatin-induced damage to cortical myelin. Resting state functional MRI and connectome analysis revealed a decrease in characteristic path length after cisplatin, while MSC treatment increased path length in cisplatin-treated mice. MSCs enter the brain but did not survive longer than 12-72 hrs, indicating that they do not replace damaged tissue. RNA-sequencing analysis identified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a top pathway activated by MSC administration to cisplatin-treated mice. Consistently, MSC treatment restored the cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and structural abnormalities in brain synaptosomes. Nasal administration of MSC did not interfere with the peripheral anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. In conclusion, nasal administration of MSC may represent a powerful, non-invasive, and safe regenerative treatment for resolution of chemobrain.
Profile scaling constraints for ion-implanted and epitaxial bipolar technology designed for 77 K operation (2002)

The scaling constraints on vertical profile design which are unique to liquid nitrogen temperature operation (LNT equivalent to 77 K) of ion-implanted and epitaxial Si and SiGe bipolar technologies are investigated experimentally. While conventional on-implantation techniques can yield transistors with cutoff frequencies as high as 36 GHz at LNT, these devices have limited extendibility for circuit applications due to excessive base freeze-out. A more advanced epitaxial SiGe technology can be used to simultaneously achieve an f/sub T/ for 59 GHz and superior base freeze-out properties at low temperatures, yielding a very aggressive ECL (emitter coupled logic) gate delay of 28 ps at LNT. For SiGe devices, however, the optimum collector profile design is constrained by a barrier induced at the SiGe-Si heterojunction under high injection which limits the device transconductance and f/sub T/ at LNT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silica-based sol-gel optical waveguides on silicon (1996)

Silica-based waveguiding layers are readily obtained by the spin-coating of appropriate sols on silicon wafers. They may easily be doped with rare earth elements, for intended applications such as lasers or amplifiers. The authors describe the preparation and characterisation of such films. The film structure was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopies (NEXAFS and EXAFS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Their surface area, evaluated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and their porosity, estimated from refractive index measurements, are reported. Finally, rare earth fluorescence lifetime data are presented and interpreted.
Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Monocytes by Ligation of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (2003)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme and its inflammatory products such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. However their role in diabetic vascular disease is unclear. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) act via their receptor, RAGE, to play a major role in diabetic complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of AGEs and S100b, a specific RAGE ligand, on the expression of COX-2 and the molecular mechanisms involved in cultured THP-1 monocytes and human peripheral blood monocytes. S100b treatment of THP-1 cells led to a significant 3-5-fold induction of COX-2 mRNA (p < 0.001). COX-2 protein and its product PGE2 were also increased, whereas COX-1 expression was unaffected. In vitro prepared AGE also induced COX-2 mRNA. S100b-induced COX-2 mRNA was blocked by an anti-RAGE antibody and by inhibitors of NF-kappa B (Bay11-7082), oxidant stress, protein kinase C, ERK, and p38 MAPKs. S100b (4-h treatment) significantly increased transcription from a human COX-2 promoter-luciferase construct (4-fold, p < 0.001). Promoter deletion analyses and inhibition of transcription by an NF-kappa B superrepressor mutant confirmed NF-kappa B involvement. This was further supported by inhibition of S100b-induced PGE2 by Bay11-7082. Additionally, S100b-induced adherence of THP-1 monocytes to vascular smooth muscle cells was blocked by the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, Bay11-7082, inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPK, and protein kinase C thereby indicating functional relevance. S100b also increased COX-2 mRNA expression in human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors. Moreover, COX-2 mRNA levels were clearly evident in monocytes obtained from diabetic patients but not from normal subjects. These results show for the first time that AGEs can augment inflammatory responses by up-regulating COX-2 via RAGE and multiple signaling pathways, thereby leading to monocyte activation and vascular cell dysfunction.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of the 4S/6S Sulfation Sequence in Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides (2001)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating uronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine sulfate disaccharide units [-UroA(beta1,3)-GalNAcS(beta1,4)]n. Chondroitin sulfate type A (CSA) contains glucuronic acid, and 90% of the GalNAc residues are sulfated at the 4-position with 10% at the 6-position. Chondroitin sulfate type C (CSC) contains glucuronic acid, and 90% of the GalNAc residues are sulfated at the 6-position with 10% sulfated at the 4-position. These molecules are fragile due to their high degree of sulfation and are challenging to analyze as a result. This work presents the first evidence that tandem mass spectrometry can be used for the determination of a CS oligosaccharide sequence with respect to the positions of GalNAc sulfation. Using this technique, it is possible to analyze individual components from mixtures, saving much purification effort. Oligosaccharides produced from CSA and CSC are used in this work to demonstrate that CID MS/MS can be used to distinguish positional sulfation isomers. For charge states where charge equals the number of sulfates, abundant odd-numbered Bn and Yn ions are observed. The percent total ion abundances of these ions indicate the position of sulfation.
High performance fiber-optic interconnection networks for real-time computing systems (1999)

Parallel and distributed computing systems become more and more powerful and hence place increasingly higher demands on the networks that interconnect their processors or processing nodes. Many of the applications running on such systems, especially embedded systems applications, have real-time requirements and, with increasing application demands, high-performance networks are the hearts of these systems. Fiber-optic networks are good candidates for use in such systems in the future. This thesis contributes to the relatively unexplored area of fiber-optic networks for parallel and distributed real-time computer systems and suggests and evaluates several fiber-optic networks and protocols. Two different technologies are used in the networks, WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) and fiber-ribbon point-to-point links. WDM offers multiple channels, each with a capacity of several Gbit/s. A WDM star network in which protocols and services are efficiently integrated to support different kinds of real-time demands, especially hard ones, has been developed. The star-of-stars topology can be chosen to offer better network scalability. The WDM star architecture is attractive but its future success depends on components becoming more commercially mature. Fiber-ribbon links, offering instead an aggregated bandwidth of several Gbit/s, have already reached the market with a promising price/performance ratio. This has motivated the development and investigation of two new ring networks based on fiber-ribbon links. The networks take advantage of spatial bandwidth reuse, which can greatly enhance performance in applications with a significant amount of nearest downstream neighbor communication. One of the ring networks is control channel based and not only has support for real-time services like the WDM star network but also low level support for, e.g., group communication. The approach has been to develop network protocols with support for dynamic real-time services, out of time-deterministic static TDMA systems. The focus has been on functionality more than pure performance figures, mostly on real-time features but also on other types of functionality for parallel and distributed systems. Worst-case analyses, some simulations, and case studies are reported for the networks. The focus has been on embedded supercomputer applications, where each node itself can be a parallel computer, and it is shown that the networks are well suited for use in the radar signal processing systems studied. Other application examples in which these kinds of networks are valuable are distributed multimedia systems, satellite imaging and other image processing applications.
Direct Measurement of Surface Charging during Plasma Etching (1994)

An on-wafer surface potential probe was developed for the direct real-time measurement of the local charging on a wafer surface during plasma etching. Pressure and rf power dependencies of the surface charging potential were measured in a nonuniform magnetron plasma by this probe. The variation in etching profiles was also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measured surface charging potential was consistent with previously expected values from the profile distortion and device damage results. The local surface charging and the profile distortion increased as the pressure was reduced, while they were insensitive to the rf power change.
Comparison of voice activity detection algorithms for VoIP (2003)

We discuss techniques for voice activity detection (VAD) for voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VAD aids in saving the bandwidth requirement of a voice session, thereby increasing the bandwidth efficiently. We compare the quality of speech, level of compression and computational complexity for three time-domain and three frequency-domain VAD algorithms. Implementation of time-domain algorithms is computationally simple. However, better speech quality is obtained with the frequency-domain algorithms. A comparison of the merits and demerits along with the subjective quality of speech after removal of silence periods is presented for all the algorithms. A quantitative measurement of speech quality for different algorithms is also presented.
Demonstration of the linear electro-optic effect in a thermopoled polymer film (1988)

We describe an interdigital linear electro-optic modulator produced from a novel polymer. The polymer was formed into a thin phase grating by simultaneous application of heat and a periodic electric field. The first maximum generated by diffraction of 633-nm HeNe laser light passing through the grating was electrically modulated to a depth of over 17%. The performance of the modulator is compared with a quadratic electro-optic modulator having the same electrode structure but where the polymer was replaced by nitrobenzene. It is estimated that the application of a thermopoling field strength of 20 V/μm to the polymer would impart a linear electro-optic coefficient of about 30 pm/V, which is comparable to the largest coefficient of lithium niobate.
Soccer Highlight Detection using Two-Dependence Bayesian Network (2006)

Soccer highlight detection is an active research topic in recent years. One of the difficult problems is how to effectively fuse multi-modality cues, i.e. audio, visual and textual information, to improve the detection performance. This paper proposes a novel two-dependence Bayesian network (2d-BN) based fusion approach to soccer highlight detection. 2d-BN is a particular Bayesian network which assumes that each variable depends on two other variables at most. Through this assumption, 2d-BN can not only characterize the relationships among features but also be trained efficiently. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method
Construction, expression, and characterization of a chimera of factor IX and factor X. The role of the second epidermal growth factor domain and serine protease domain in factor Va binding. (1992)

The prothrombinase complex, which catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, consists of activated Factor X, Factor Va, a membrane surface and Ca2+. To examine the structures that support Factor Va binding to Factor X, we used in vitro mutagenesis to construct a chimeric molecule that includes regions of Factor IX and Factor X. This chimera (IXGla,E1XE2,SP) was prepared from cDNA encoding the second epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serine protease domains of Factor X linked downstream from the cDNA encoding the signal peptide, propeptide, Gla domain, and first EGF domain of Factor IX. The cDNAs encoding the Factor IX/X chimera and wild-type Factor X were each expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and the secreted proteins purified by affinity chromatography using polyclonal anti-Factor X antibodies. The chimera migrated as a single major band corresponding to a molecular weight of 68,000. By Western blotting, the chimeric protein stained with both polyclonal anti-Factor X and anti-Factor IX antibodies. gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid analysis demonstrated near complete carboxylation of both the wild-type Factor X and the Factor IX/X chimera. Compared with Factor X, the rate of zymogen activation of the Factor IX/X chimera was about 50% that of Factor X when activated by Factor IXa, Factor VIIIa, phospholipid, and Ca2+. The enzyme form of the Factor IX/X chimera, activated Factor IX/X, generated using the coagulant protein of Russell's viper venom, expressed full amidolytic activity compared with Factor Xa. The activated Factor IX/X chimera had about 14% of the activity of Factor Xa when employed in a prothrombinase assay; this activity reached 100% with increasing concentrations of Factor Va. A binding assay was employed to test the ability of the active site-inactivated Factor IX/Xa chimera to inhibit the binding of Factor Xa to the Factor Va-phospholipid complex, thus inhibiting the activation of prothrombin to thrombin. In this assay the active site-inactivated form of the chimera competed with Factor Xa completely but with decreased affinity for the Factor Va-phospholipid complex. These data indicate that the second EGF domain and the serine protease domain of Factor Xa are sufficient to interact with Factor Va. The Factor IX/X chimera is a good substrate for the tenase complex; the defective enzymatic activity of the activated Factor IX/X chimera can be accounted for by its decreased affinity for Factor Va relative to Factor Xa.
Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mRNA and protein in rheumatoid synovium demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. (1995)

The strong expression of VCAM-1 in the fibroblast-like cells of RA synovium and the lack of expression in the vascular endothelium suggest that the major role of VCAM-1 appears to be associated with the proliferating synovial cells prone to attach and subsequently invade articular cartilage.
Primary Epithelial Malignancies of the Lacrimal Gland: The 2003 Ramon L. Font Lecture (2004)

In Brief The English-language literature and the personal experience of the authors were reviewed, with emphasis on changing concepts in the diagnosis, pathology, and treatment.