gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robo1 regulates the development of major axon tracts and interneuron migration in the forebrain (2006)

The Slit genes encode secreted ligands that regulate axon branching, commissural axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. The principal identified receptor for Slit is Robo (Roundabout in Drosophila). To investigate Slit signalling in forebrain development, we generated Robo1 knockout mice by targeted deletion of exon 5 of the Robo1 gene. Homozygote knockout mice died at birth, but prenatally displayed major defects in axon pathfinding and cortical interneuron migration. Axon pathfinding defects included dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure, and abnormalities in corticothalamic and thalamocortical targeting. Slit2 and Slit1/2 double mutants display malformations in callosal development, and in corticothalamic and thalamocortical targeting, as well as optic tract defects. In these animals, corticothalamic axons form large fasciculated bundles that aberrantly cross the midline at the level of the hippocampal and anterior commissures, and more caudally at the medial preoptic area. Such phenotypes of corticothalamic targeting were not observed in Robo1 knockout mice but, instead, both corticothalamic and thalamocortical axons aberrantly arrived at their respective targets at least 1 day earlier than controls. By contrast, in Slit mutants, fewer thalamic axons actually arrive in the cortex during development. Finally, significantly more interneurons (up to twice as many at E12.5 and E15.5) migrated into the cortex of Robo1 knockout mice, particularly in both rostral and parietal regions, but not caudal cortex. These results indicate that Robo1 mutants have distinct phenotypes, some of which are different from those described in Slit mutants, suggesting that additional ligands, receptors or receptor partners are likely to be involved in Slit/Robo signalling.
Simple Selective Sodium Ion Electrode Measure of Sodium in Cheese (1983)

A selective sodium ion electrode method for measuring sodium in cheese was evaluated for accuracy, repeatability, and sensitivity. Sodium in blue, Camembert, Cheddar, processed Cheddar, Parmesan, Mozzarella, salt-free Gouda, and Swiss cheeses in duplicate was measured by ion analyzer with a selective sodium ion electrode. In preparation of samples 1 g of cheese was blended in an ionic strength adjustment buffer and filtered through cheese cloth to remove foam. Sodium was measured directly on the filtrate by the selective sodium ion electrode.
Short-term Traffic Forecasting Based on Support Vector Regression and an Analysis on a Real Regional Experiment in Beijing (2010)

The paper proposes a short-term traffic forecasting model based on support vector regression.First,themodel put the traffic volumes,occupancy-rate,average velocity at several preceding periods of time and upstream and downstream collected by RTMS are considered sa input,average velocity at current period of time are considered as output .Second,the support vector regression is trained after selecting a kernel function.Finally, the average velocity being forecasted at several periods of time in the future are available by inputting the traffic volumes,occupancy-rate and average velocity necessary to the trained support vector regression.The paper also use the real time date of some road section of North Beingjing links to test the efficiency of the proposed model and the result is satisfied.
A Two-Phase Stock Trading System based on Pattern Matching and Automatic Rule Induction (2003)

일반적인 동적 매매 환경에서의 금융 예측 시스템은 주어진 목적을 최적으로 만족시키는 매매 형태를 찾고자 한다. 본 논문은 수익률을 극대화시키기 위하여 추출과 여과라는 두개의 단계로 구성된 새로운 형태의 주식 매매 시스템을 제안한다. 주식 추출 단계에서는 특정 시계열 패턴에 부합하는 주식을 추출하는데, 이러한 시계열 패턴은 기술 지표 값들의 조합으로 표현된다. 그리고 여과 단계에서는 추출된 주식 집합에 여과 규칙들을 적용하여 실제 매매 대상이 되는 주식들을 골라내는데, 여과 규칙은 과거 주가 데이터로부터 자동으로 유도되었다. 이를 위하여, 우리는 먼저 방대한 과거 일별 주가 데이터로부터 기술 지표 값들을 계산하였다. 계산된 기술 지표 값들은 시계열 패턴을 추출하는데 사용되고 이 값들의 이산화 구간들의 분포가 양성 및 음성 데이터들에 대하여 계산된다. 본 논문에서는 독특한 분포를 보이는 구간에 존재하는 기술 지표 값들이 주가의 향후 움직임을 예측하는 데 도움을 준다는 가정을 하였다. 그리고 여과 규칙은 바로 이런 독특한 분포를 보이는 구간 내의 데이터 값들로부터 자동으로 유도되었다. 우리는 시뮬레이션을 통해, 본 논문에서 제시한 트레이딩 시스템이 시장 평균 수익률을 상회한다는 사실을 확인함으로써 위의 가정에 대한 검증을 할 수 있었다. In the context of a dynamic trading environment, the ultimate goal of the financial forecasting system is to optimize a specific trading objective. This paper proposes a two-phase (extraction and filtering) stock trading system that aims at maximizing the rates of returns. Extraction of stocks is performed by searching specific time-series patterns described by a combination of values of technical indicators. In the filtering phase, several rules are applied to the extracted sets of stocks to select stocks to be actually traded. The filtering rules are automatically induced from past data. From a large database of daily stock prices, the values of technical indicators are calculated. They are used to make the extraction patterns, and the distributions of the discretization intervals of the values are calculated for both positive and negative data sets. We assumed that the values in the intervals of distinctive distribution may contribute to the prediction of future trend of stocks, so the rules for filtering stocks are automatically induced from the data in those intervals. We show the rates of returns when using our trading system outperform the market average. These results mean rule induction method using distributional differences is useful.
Neural Networks with Low Local Firing Rates (1989)

Neural network models of associative memory with uniform inhibition are studied. It is shown that for sufficiently strong inhibition the system orders only partially even at low temperatures. A fraction of the neurons freezes in a quiescent state while the activities of the rest of the neurons fluctuate in time around an average level that is small compared to the saturation level. These models may help understanding the origin of the low neuronal firing rates observed in cortical recordings.
<title>High-field electrostriction of elastomeric polymer dielectrics for actuation</title> (1999)

This paper investigates the use of elastomeric dielectric materials with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, the elastomeric films expand in area and compress in thickness. The strain response to applied electric fields was measured for a variety of elastomers. A nonlinear high-strain Mooney-Rivlin model was used to determine the expected strain response for a given applied field pressure. Using this model, we determined that the electrostatic forces between the free charges on the electrodes are responsible for the observed response. Silicone polymers have produced the best combination of high strain and energy density, with strains exceeding 30% and energy densities up to 0.15 MJ/m<SUP>3</SUP>. Based on the electrostatic model, the electromechanical coupling efficiency is over 50%. This paper also reports recent progress in making highly compliant electrodes. We have shown, for example, that gold traces fabricated in a zig-zag pattern on silicone EPAM retain their conductivity when stretched up to 80% compared to 1 - 5% when fabricated as a uniform 2-dimensional electrode. Lastly, the paper presents the performance of various actuators that use EPAM materials. The technology appears to be well-suited for a variety of small-scale actuator applications.
Rapid High Quality Compression of Volume Data for Visualization (2001)

Volume data sets resulting from, e.g., computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities require enormous storage capacity even at moderate resolution levels. Such large files may require compression for processing in CPU memory which, however, comes at the cost of decoding times and some loss in reconstruction quality with respect to the original data. For many typical volume visualization applications (rendering of volume slices, subvolumes of interest, or isosurfaces) only a part of the volume data needs to be decoded. Thus, efficient compression techniques are needed that provide random access and rapid decompression of arbitrary parts the volume data. We propose a technique which is block based and operates in the wavelet transformed domain. We report performance results which compare favorably with previously published methods yielding large reconstruction quality gains from about 6 to 12 dB in PSNR for a5123 -volume extracted from the Visible Human data set. In terms of compression our algorithm compressed the data 6 times as much as the previous state-of-the-art block based coder for a given PSNR quality.
Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Machine with Low Speed Capability using MRAS with Drift and Inverter Nonlinearities Compensation (2007)

The performance of sensorless vector control schemes is seriously degraded at low speed operation, becoming impossible to operate constantly at standstill. There are three main reasons for this degradation in low speed senseless performance. First, offset on the estimation of the back-EMF that causes drift in the open integration of the stator model of the machine. Second, unaccounted nonlinearities of the inverter distort the back-EMF estimation. Finally, errors on the estimated machine parameters, mainly stator resistance cause phase error on the back-EMF estimation. This paper deals with the first two phenomenon to achieve sensorless stator flux orientation and speed feedback by means of an MRAS observer, down to fractions of a Hertz.
Synthesis of Poly(arylene ether phenylquinoxaline) (1989)

Poly(phenylquinoxalines), PPQ, have recently achieved commercial status since their first reports in the late sixties by Hergenrother and others (1,2). PPQ displays an excellent combination of properties including high Tg, thermal stability and low dielectric constant, and is an attractive candidate for high temperature insulators in the microelectronics industry (3). PPQ is generally synthesized through the condensation of an aromatic bis(o-diamine) with a bis(phenyl-α-dicarbonyl) compound (1-3). Both homopolymers and statistically random copolymers have been prepared, with Tgs ranging from 284 to 420°C depending on the combination of monomers used in the synthesis. Structures with lower Tgs generally contain ether linkages introduced through the bis(dicarbonyl) monomer (4). Alternatively, Hergenrother and co-workers (5) have prepared poly(arylene ether phenylquinoxalines) via nucleophilic aromatic substitution by the polycondensation of a difunctional phenolic hydroxyl monomer containing preformed quinoxaline rings with an activated dihalide (i.e., difluorodiphenyl sulfone, difluorobenzophenone, etc.). These structures are somewhat similar to poly(ether-imide) which
Study of the fate of phyto-oestrogens in the sheep by determination of isoflavones and coumestrol in the plasma and adipose tissue (1967)

A method is presented for the specific determination in plasma or adipose tissue of sheep of the phyto-oestrogens genistein (G), biochanin A (BA), formononetin (F), daidzein (D), pratensein, and coumestrol. The method is based on selective extraction, paper chromatography, spectrophotometry and fluorometry, and use of radioactive recovery standards. A modification including gas chromatography is also described. Intraruminal administration to sheep of the synthetic isoflavones G, BA, or F gave rise within 2½ hr to detectable blood levels of the compound infused. In addition, intraruminal administration of BA and F was followed by the appearance of G and D, respectively, in blood and fat depots. Such O-demethylation at the C4 position was also observed after intramuscular injection of BA or F, and in sheep grazing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and red clover (T. pratense). Plasma levels of free G above 5 µg/100 ml (excluding circulating isoflavone conjugated as glucuronide) were associated with maximal uterine growth response in ovariectomized ewes, while levels of 1–5 µg/100 ml appeared to elicit a graded uterine response; free plasma F and D levels above 0.5 ¦g/100 ml seem to be required for detectable uterotrophic action in the 5-day assay used. G, BA, F, and D were present in the plasma of sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Yarloop in concentrations adequate to explain the observed uterine growth response, but in sheep grazing red clover, the plasma levels seemed too low to account fully for the oestrogenic action of this pasture. No free isoflavones were detected in plasma from sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Marrar, despite the high isoflavone content of the pasture.
Head-to-Head (1997)

Abstract The problem discussed in this paper is that of a manager, specifically a restaurant manager, who must decide whether (or how much) to raise meal prices when faced-literally-with a major competitor (a fast food chain) that is unlikely to raise prices in response. A form of choice experimentation is used and the Solver add-in feature of EXCEL is used to solve the problem.
Dynamic Performance Evaluation on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Thermal Power Plant Based on the Self-Organizing Co-Evolution (2014)

The energy saving and emission reduction in thermal plant is complex, with the open, non-equilibrium and interoperability features. In order to identifying the order parameters affecting plant system, a co-evolution model of energy saving and emission reduction in thermal power plant was built based on synergetic theory. According to the feathers of potential function based on mutation theory, the performance was divided into high efficiency, low efficiency and critical situation three operating states. Then, a dynamic evaluation rule was proposed in order to achieve dynamic performance evaluation on energy saving and emission reduction of thermal power plant. Finally, an empirical analysis of a thermal power plant showed that the order parameter of energy saving and emission reduction in this plant are soot emissionper unit power and grid electricity generation. There existed “high efficiency” and “low efficiency” performance status of energy saving and emission reduction. The performance before June in 2012 was mostly inefficient, things have changed since the investment in energy saving technology projects, the energy saving and emission reduction performance in this plant after June 2012 was highly efficient, which was in line with the actual situation, and proved the validity of this method used in dynamic performance evaluation on energy saving and emission reduction of thermal power plant.
A novel surface mount filter based on a triple-mode ceramic cavity (2002)

New surface mountable ceramic filter for wireless communication systems has been considered. The high permittivity ceramic filling of the basic triple-mode waveguide cavity makes the proposed filter physically small. Integrated microstrip-to-ceramic-filled-waveguide transitions provide effective coupling between the cavity and planar circuit As an application example, a three-pole L-band filter with advanced high-quality factor is demonstrated.
Increased Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Titers and Local Inflammation Facilitate Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2012)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality and is a leading cause of death among children under the age of five years. Transmission of S. pneumoniae marks the first step toward disease development. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the spread of pneumococci throughout the community plays an essential role in preventing pneumococcal disease. We previously developed the first reproducible infant mouse model for pneumococcal transmission and showed that coinfection with influenza virus facilitates the spread of S. pneumoniae. Here, we show that increasing the bacterial load in the nasal cavity of colonized individuals as well as inducing an inflammatory response in naive "contact cases" facilitates the spread of pneumococci. Therefore, this study helps to identify the factors which must be inhibited in order to successfully prevent pneumococcal disease.
SPENT OYSTER MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE IN A MIX WITH ORGANIC SOIL FOR PLANT POT CULTIVATION (2008)

Disposal of spent mushroom substrates can pose a problem to the environment. The re- use in crop production by its recycling as an ingredient of growing mixes would provide an environmentally safe disposition. We show the use of Pleurotus sp. spent substrate, Pleurotus had 3.3 times higher electrical conductivity (7 mS cm -1 ) than that of the control, which is high for the growth of most plants. Air porosity was greater in T1 (7.4%) and T2 (10.2%) than the control (2.8%). The content of certain nutrients also increased with regard to the control, such as phosphorus and sulphur (T1 and T2 substrates), as well as potassium (T1 substrate). After growing 29 days on T1 substrate, plants showed a marked increase in biomass (ca. 21%, p < 0.05) and some minerals compared to the control. T2 plants grew poorly, possibly because of nitrogen defi cit. T1 substrate was adequate to sustain the growth of S. offi cinalis plants in pots, by improving air porosity and mineral content. S. offi cinalis plants in pots, by improving air porosity and mineral content. S. offi cinalis
Analytical Considerations in the Development of Protein Purification Processes (2019)

Successful and rapid process development requires the availability of suitable analytical methods at all stages of the development cycle (see Tables 2 and 3). The methods should be selected first to ensure the identity, potency, and purity of the product and second to facilitate the process development. Some assays are particularly valuable early in the recovery process (and early in the development cycle) because they are typically robust and can be used with crude samples that contain many components. Popular examples include SDS-PAGE, IEF, and immunoassay, which allow the process scientist simply to monitor the yield and removal of impurities on a broad scale. Each step should be monitored with a biological assay, so that the specific activity of the target protein can be followed and steps that cause a loss of activity can be quickly detected. At the end of the recovery process (and development cycle) more sophisticated analytical methods, for example RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry, are used to detect and characterize variants of the desired product. Highly process-specific assays, such as host cell impurity ELISAs, are developed at this point, and the key methods for process monitoring and final product characterization are selected. While each process development project is distinct, in all cases the use of well-validated complementary analytical methods will provide greater assurance of a timely and successful project.
Particle Control in Phase Space by Global K-Means Clustering (2015)

We devise and explore an iterative optimization procedure for controlling particle populations in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes via merging and splitting of computational macro-particles. Our approach, is to compute an optimal representation of the global particle phase space structure while decreasing or increasing the entire particle population, based on k-means clustering of the data. In essence the procedure amounts to merging or splitting particles by statistical means, throughout the entire simulation volume in question, while minimizing a 6-dimensional total distance measure to preserve the physics. Particle merging is by far the most demanding procedure when considering conservation laws of physics; it amounts to lossy compression of particle phase space data. We demonstrate that our k-means approach conserves energy and momentum to high accuracy, even for high compression ratios, $\mathcal{R} \approx 3$ --- \emph{i.e.}, $N_{f} \lesssim 0.33N_{i}$. Interestingly, we find that an accurate particle splitting step can be performed using k-means as well; this from an argument of symmetry. The split solution, using k-means, places splitted particles optimally, to obtain maximal spanning on the phase space manifold. Implementation and testing is done using an electromagnetic PIC code, the \ppcode. Nonetheless, the k-means framework is general; it is not limited to Vlasov-Maxwell type PIC codes. We discuss advantages and drawbacks of this optimal phase space reconstruction.
Subsets of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors during Activation and Endocytosis (1997)

Mutation of the autophosphorylation sites of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases alters ligand dependent internalization and down-regulation, indicating a critical role for these sites in receptor processing. Currently, no differences in receptor processing based on an individual autophosphorylation site have been defined. By using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the src homology 2 domains of phospholipase C-gamma1 to specifically recognize tyrosine 992 on the EGF receptor (Tyr(P)992), we have found differences in this subpopulation of receptors. Following EGF stimulation, the number of Tyr(P)992 receptors increased 2-fold over receptors identified by an antibody that recognizes activated EGF receptors (alpha-Act. EGFR) in A431 cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that Tyr(P)992 receptors underwent endocytosis at a slower rate and did not rapidly concentrate in juxtanuclear bodies. Tyr(P)992 receptors were associated with more SOS, Ras-GTPase activating protein, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and SHPTP2/syp, but less Grb2, than receptors in the general population, and these receptors were more heavily phosphorylated than the general population of active receptors. These findings suggest that autophosphorylation status is relevant to the endocytosis, degradation, and effector molecule interaction of individual EGF receptors. Further investigations based on phosphorylation status should provide new insights into how receptor protein-tyrosine kinase signaling is regulated.
Cytotoxic Effects of New Geranyl Chalcone Derivatives Isolated from the Leaves of <i>Artocarpus communis</i> in SW 872 Human Liposarcoma Cells (2008)

Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Moraceae) is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions as a traditional starch crop and also has potential medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro anticancer activity of compounds isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus communis. Three new geranyl chalcone derivatives including isolespeol (1), 5'-geranyl-2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone (2), and 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-geranyldihydrochalcone (3), together with two known compounds lespeol (4) and xanthoangelol (5), were isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus communis. The structures of 1- 5 were elucidated by spectroscopy and through comparison with data reported in the literature. The effects of geranyl chalcone derivatives (1- 5) on the viability of human cancer cells (including SW 872, HT-29, COLO 205, Hep3B, PLC5, Huh7, and HepG2 cells) were investigated. The results indicate that isolespeol (1) showed the highest inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 3.8 muM in SW 872 human liposarcoma cells. Treatment of SW 872 human liposarcoma cells with isolespeol (1) caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). Western blotting revealed that isolespeol (1) stimulated increased protein expression of Fas, FasL, and p53. The expression ratios of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members were also changed by isolespeol (1) treatment to subsequently induce the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which was followed by cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results demonstrate that isolespeol (1) induces apoptosis in SW 872 cells through Fas- and mitochondria-mediated pathways.