gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov., isolated from rennin and associated with cheese spoilage (2006)

Two bacterial strains, DSM 20253T and DSM 20254, isolated from rennin and regarded as causing cheese spoilage, were deposited in the DSMZ as Lactobacillus sp. by J. Stadhouders. The strains show 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and have less than 94.3% similarity with any other species of the genus. Lactobacillus coryniformis is their closest phylogenetic neighbour. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that the two strains are members of the same species with separate status within the genus Lactobacillus. The strains are homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and can be phenotypically and genotypically distinguished from their closest relatives. 16S rRNA gene-targeted specific primers were designed to enable PCR detection of the novel species. The name Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates, with strain CECT 5922T (=DSM 20253T) as the type strain.
Treatment with low dose fasudil for acute ischemic stroke in chronic hypertension (2017)

We investigated the effect of Rho kinase inhibition on changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain injury and vascular function after ischemic stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Changes in core MCA and collateral perfusion were measured by a validated laser Doppler method. Animals underwent 2 h tMCAO and 2 h reperfusion. Fasudil (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle was given at 30 min ischemia (n = 9/group; mean (SD)). Brain injury was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. To determine the effect of fasudil on vascular function, fasudil was given 10 min before reperfusion and parenchymal arterioles studied isolated (n = 6/group; mean(SD)). Collateral perfusion was low in vehicle-treated SHR (-8(32)%) that changed minimally with fasudil (6(24)%, p > 0.05, effect size: 0.47;95% CI-0.49-1.39). Reperfusion CBF was below baseline in vehicle (-27(26)%) and fasudil (-32(25)%, p > 0.05, effect size: 0.19; 95% CI-0.74-1.11) groups, suggesting incomplete reperfusion in both groups. Fasudil had little effect on brain injury volume (28(13)% vs. 36(7)% in vehicle, p > 0.05, effect size: 0.75; 95% CI-0.24-1.66). In isolated parenchymal arterioles, myogenic tone was similar between groups (37(6)% vs. 38(10)% in vehicle, p > 0.05, effect size: 0.09; 95% CI-1.05-1.21). There were no differences with fasudil treatment vs. vehicle in perfusion, brain injury and vascular function that may be related to the low dose that had minimal blood pressure lowering effect.
Impact of SiN Composition Variation on SANOS Memory Performance and Reliability Under nand (FN/FN) Operation (2009)

Despite significant advances in structure and material optimization, poor erase (E) speeds and high retention charge loss remain the challenging issues for charge trap flash (CTF) memories. In this paper, the dependence of SANOS memory performance and reliability on the composition of silicon nitride (SiN) layer is extensively studied. The effect of varying the Si:N ratio on program (P)/E and retention characteristics is investigated. SiN composition is shown to significantly alter the electron and hole trap properties. Varying the SiN composition from N-rich (N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) to Si-rich ( Si <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) lowers electron trap depth but increases hole trap depth, causing lower P state saturation but significant over erase, resulting in an enhanced memory window. During retention, P state charge loss depends on thermal emission followed by the tunneling out of electrons mostly through tunnel dielectric, which becomes worse for Si <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> SiN. Erase state charge loss mainly depends on hole redistribution under the influence of internal electric fields, which improves with Si <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> SiN. This paper identifies several important performances versus reliability tradeoffs to be considered during the optimization of SiN layer composition. It also explores the option for CTF optimization through the engineering of SiN stoichiometry for multilevel cell NAND flash applications.
Synchronization scheme based on correlation for MIMO-OFDM system (2006)

This paper puts forward a preamble structure for MIMO-OFDM system,proposes a frame/symbol and carrier frequency synchronization scheme based on correlation,gives computer simulation of the synchronization algorithms over AWGN channel and frequency selective fading channel.Simulation results demonstrate that the synchronization scheme has low complexity and good performance.
The gibberellins (1961)

J. F. Grove, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1961, 15, 56 DOI: 10.1039/QR9611500056
Trans regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene, identified by deletions in chromosome 7 of the mouse. (1986)

Livers from newborn mice homozygous for either one of the lethal deletions c14CoS or c3H in chromosome 7 have drastically reduced levels of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32] activity when compared with normal littermates. The structural gene for the enzyme maps on chromosome 2 and appears intact and not grossly rearranged in deletion homozygotes. These mice also have negligible levels of hepatic mRNA encoding this enzyme. Studies of the transcription rate of the gene showed that it was reduced to 25-50% of normal in hepatic nuclei obtained from mice homozygous for either deletion. We suggest that, in addition to the reduction in the level of transcription, the deletions in chromosome 7 may also cause alterations in messenger stability, processing, or transport from the nucleus.
Presentation of the Bingham Medal to Clarence M. Zener (1958)

First Page
Transport of intensity phase reconstruction to solve the twin image problem in holographic x-ray imaging (2013)

We have implemented a deterministic method for solving the phase problem in hard x-ray in-line holography which overcomes the twin image problem. The phase distribution in the detector plane is retrieved by using two images with slightly different Fresnel numbers. We then use measured intensities and reconstructed phases in the detection plane to compute the exit wave in the sample plane. No further a priori information like a limited support or the assumption of pure phase objects is necessary so that it can be used for a wide range of complex samples. Using a nano-focused hard x-ray beam half period resolutions better than 30 nm are achieved.
Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity in Pt∕(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3∕YBa2Cu3O7-x capacitors (2004)

Pt ∕ ( Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 ) TiO 3 ( BST ) ∕ YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - x ( YBCO ) capacitors were fabricated on (001) LaAlO3 substrates. The leakage current density-electric field characteristics were measured in the temperature range from 20 to 300K. In the electric field region of &gt;0.7MV∕cm for positively biased Pt electrode and &gt;1.4MV∕cm for negatively biased Pt electrode, the leakage current shows space-charge-limited-current behavior from 20 to 250K. Meanwhile a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) in the temperature range from 20 to 150K was observed and attributed to the strong negative temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of BST thin films.
Pulmonary apoptosis in aged and oxygen-tolerant rats exposed to hyperoxia (1998)

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that genotoxic and oxidant stress can induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in cultured cells. However, little is known about whether oxidative stress resulting from the deleterious effects of hyperoxia can induce apoptosis in vivo and even less is known regarding the functional significance of apoptosis in vivo in response to hyperoxia. Using hyperoxia as a model of oxidant-induced lung injury in the rat, we show that hyperoxic stress results in marked apoptotic signals in the lung. Lung tissue sections obtained from rats exposed to hyperoxia exhibit increased apoptosis in a time-dependent manner by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. To examine whether hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the lung correlated with the extent of lung injury or tolerance (adaptation) to hyperoxia, we investigated the pattern of apoptosis with a rat model of age-dependent tolerance to hyperoxia. We show that apoptosis is associated with increased survival of aged rats to hyperoxia and with decreased levels of lung injury as measured by the volume of pleural effusion, wet-to-dry lung weight, and myeloperoxidase content in aged rats compared with young rats after hyperoxia. We also examined this relationship in an alternate model of tolerance to hyperoxia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated young rats not only demonstrated tolerance to hyperoxia but also exhibited a significantly lower apoptotic index compared with saline-treated rats after hyperoxia. To further separate the effects of aging and tolerance, we show that aged rats pretreated with LPS did not exhibit a significant level of tolerance against hyperoxia. Furthermore, similar to the hyperoxia-tolerant LPS-pretreated young rats, the nontolerant LPS-pretreated aged rats also exhibited a significantly reduced apoptotic index compared with aged rats exposed to hyperoxia alone. Taken together, our data suggest that hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in vivo can be modulated by both aging and tolerance effects. We conclude that there is no overall relationship between apoptosis and tolerance.
The Effect of Nerve Growth Factor on Corneal Sensitivity After LaserIn Situ Keratomileusis (2004)

Topically administered NGF may play a significant role in accelerating corneal reinnervation after LASIK. Clinical Relevance Our results showed that topical NGF had beneficial effects in the early recovery of corneal sensitivity after LASIK. Nerve growth factor can be a new therapeutic approach for dry eye syndrome after LASIK.
Unusual isomeric polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver phospholipids of rats fed hydrogenated oil. (1991)

Linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) and linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) are precursors of two series of essential fatty acids (EFA) formed by alternate desaturations and elongations. In EFA deficiency (EFAD), oleic acid (18:1 omega 9) and palmitoleic acid (16:1 omega 7) undergo the same reactions to form polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of other structures. Partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) contains isomeric 18:1 acids that can be converted to unusual isomers of 18:2 by liver microsomes. To test whether 18:2, 20:3, and 20:4 of unusual structure occur in phospholipids as a consequence of EFAD or ingestion of PHSO, rats were fed corn oil, an EFA-deficient diet, or PHSO to provide isomeric 18:1 acids. At 2.5 months the phospholipids were isolated from livers and converted to methyl esters, and the 18:2, 20:2, 20:3, and 20:4 fractions were isolated. The 18:2 and 20:2 fractions were ozonized, and, by using a computer solution of simultaneous equations, the structures and proportions of each isomer were calculated. The 20:3 and 20:4 fractions were analyzed by ozonolysis and capillary gas chromatography. When corn oil was fed, the major isomer in each group was 9,12-18:2, 11,14-20:2, 8,11,14-20:3, and 5,8,11,14-20:4. Patterns in EFAD- and PHSO-fed groups were more diverse, with large proportions of unusual isomers. Feeding EFA-deficient diet and PHSO induced measurable amounts of unusual PUFA at each step of the cascade, and these PUFA may compete in metabolism of normal PUFA and are substrates for oxidative formation of autacoids of unknown structures and function.
Adaptive multi-channel equalisation experiments with HF STANAG 4285 transmissions in interference (2003)

Adaptive multi-channel equalisation is investigated for HF STANAG 4285 transmissions by processing data collected during March–April 2000. The demodulation performance of a conventional multi-channel receiver is compared to that of a bespoke multiple, steered-beam one in interference scenarios in which a single-channel receiver either could not acquire, or had difficulty in acquiring, a signal. It is shown that the multiple-beam architecture can adapt using a short training sequence while maintaining excellent demodulation performance. Multi-channel processing for HF STANAG 4285 is shown to provide a reduction in the probability of bit error of two orders of magnitude or more over a single-channel COTS modem.
Prevention of Thrombosis by Topical Application of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in a Rabbit Model of Vascular Trauma (1993)

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated when tissue factor complexes with factor VII. A naturally occurring protein inhibitor of this complex, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), has recently been isolated and the cDNA coding for this protein cloned. We used a rabbit ear artery model of crush/avulsion injury and microvascular repair to investigate the efficacy of TFPI as a topically applied antithrombotic agent. Traumatized arteries treated through lumenal irrigation with normal saline vehicle (controls) achieved patency rates of 8% and 0% at 1 and 7 postoperative days, respectively. Heparin irrigation (10 U/ml) resulted in patencies of 40% at both evaluation times. In contrast, TFPI at a dose of 20 micrograms/ml (0.2 ml total volume; 10 minute exposure) yielded a 91% patency rate at 1 day and 73% at 7 days postoperatively (p < 0.0005 vs controls). Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values were not altered after topical treatment with TFPI. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dramatically inhibited thrombogenesis upon the injured surfaces of TFPI-treated vessels. These results suggest that TFPI used as a topically applied antithrombotic agent is effective for the prevention of thrombosis in microvascular anastomoses.
Radical copolymerization of<i>N</i>-phenylmaleimide and diene monomers in competition with diels-alder reaction (2016)

Radical copolymerization of N-phenylmaleimide (PhMI) is carried out with various diene monomers including naturally occurring compounds and the copolymers are efficiently produced by the suppression of Diels–Alder reaction as the competitive side reaction. Diene monomers with an exomethylene moiety and a fixed s-trans diene structure, such as 3-methylenecyclopentene and 4-isopropyl-1-methyl-3-methylenecyclohexene, exhibit high copolymerization reactivity to produce a high-molecular-weight copolymer in a high yield. The copolymerization of sterically hindered noncyclic diene monomers, such as 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene and 2,4-hexadiene, also results in the formation of a high-molecular-weight copolymer in a moderate yield. The NMR spectroscopy reveals that the obtained copolymers consist of predominant 1,4-repeating structures for the corresponding diene unit. The copolymers have excellent thermal stability, that is, an onset temperature of decomposition over 330 °C and a glass transition temperature over 130 °C. The copolymerization reactivity of these diene monomers is discussed based on the results of the DFT calculations. The efficient copolymer formation in competition with Diels–Alder addition is investigated under various conditions of the temperature, solvents, and initiators used for the copolymerization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3616–3625.
Hydrogen Peroxide (2007)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction and Historical Aspects 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Anthraquinone Process (AO Process) 4.1.1. Principles 4.1.2. Process Description 4.1.2.1. Hydrogenation 4.1.2.2. Oxidation 4.1.2.3. Extraction and Drying 4.1.2.4. Working Solution Purification and Regeneration 4.1.2.5. Purification of Crude Hydrogen Peroxide 4.1.2.6. Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide 4.2. 2‐Propanol Process (Shell Process) 4.3. Electrochemical Processes 4.3.1. Degussa ‐ Weissenstein Process 4.3.2. Münchner Process 4.4. Other Processes 4.4.1. Production from Peroxy Compounds 4.4.2. Production from Hydrogen and Oxygen 4.4.3. Production from Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen, and Water 4.4.4. Production by Autoxidation of Organic Compounds 4.4.5. Production by Cathodic Reduction of Oxygen 5. Storage and Transportation 6. Safety 7. Uses 8. Toxicology, Occupational Health, and Ecotoxicology 9. Environmental Effects 9.1</j
On the Optimization Approach towards Test Suite Minimization (2015)

Regression testing is a critical activity which occurs during the maintenance stage of the software lifecycle. However, it requires large amounts of test cases to assure the attainment of a certain degree of quality. As a result, test suite sizes may grow significantly. To address this issue, Test Suite Reduction techniques have been proposed. However, suite size reduction may lead to significant loss of fault detection efficacy. To deal with this problem, a greedy algorithm is presented in this paper. This algorithm attempts to select a test case which satisfies the maximum number of testing requirements while having minimum overlap in requirements coverage with other test cases. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, experiments have been conducted on the Siemens suite and the Space program. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by retaining the fault detection capability of the suites while achieving significant suite size reduction.
Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Properties of Dendrimeric Pt(II) Complexes and Their Ability to Inhibit Intermolecular Interaction (2014)

Dendrimeric Pt(II) complexes [(C(∧)N)Pt(dpm)] and [Pt(C(∧)N)2] (Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane, HC(∧)N = 1,2-diphenylbenzoimidazole and its derivatives containing the carbazole dendrons) have been synthesized and characterized systematically. All of the complexes display green emission in the range of 495-535 nm that originated from the 360-440 nm absorption bands, which are assigned to dπ(Pt)→π*(L) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) mixed with intraligand π(L)→π*(L) transition. Solution photoluminescence quantum yield (φp 0.26-0.31) of the heteroleptic complexes [(C(∧)N)Pt(dpm)] obviously increases when compared with that of complex [(C(∧)N)Pt(acac)]. Organic light-emitting diode devices based on these Pt(II) complexes with a multilayer configuration were fabricated and gave desirable electroluminescent (EL) performances, such as non- or less red-shifted EL spectra, in comparison with the photoluminescence spectra and slow efficiency roll-off with increasing brightness or current density. Complex [(t-BuCzCzPBI)Pt(dpm)] (where t-BuCzCzPBI = 1-(4-(3,6-di-(3,6-di-t-butyl-carbazol-9-yl))carbazol-9-yl)phenyl-2-phenylbenzoimidazole) showed the best performance, with a maximum current efficiency of 29.31 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.04% among the fabricated devices. Likewise, for homoleptic [Pt(t-BuCzCzPBI)2] dendrimer, the powder φp (0.14) and maximum EQE (0.74%) improve by 7 and 7.4 times, respectively, as high as they do for nondendrimeric [Pt(1,2-diphenylbenzoimidazole)2] (0.02, 0.10%), although its efficiency is still lower than that of the heteroleptic counterpart due to the severely distorted square-planar geometry of the emitting core. These results reveal that large steric hindrance from ancillary ligand (dpm) or the homoleptic conformation can effectively inhibit intermolecular interaction for these dendrimeric Pt(II) complexes.
Desktops in 3D (2007)

Advances in graphics technologies are pushing interface design in new directions
Characterization of a Microbial Consortium Capable of Rapid and Simultaneous Dechlorination of 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane and Chlorinated Ethane and Ethene Intermediates (2006)

ABSTRACT Mixed cultures capable of dechlorinating chlorinated ethanes and ethenes were enriched from contaminated wetland sediment at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) Maryland. The “West Branch Consortium” (WBC-2) was capable of degrading 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), trichloroethene (TCE), cis and trans 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA), 1,2-dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride to nonchlorinated end products ethene and ethane. WBC-2 dechlorinated TeCA, TCA, and cisDCE rapidly and simultaneously. A Clostridium sp. phylogenetically closely related to an uncultured member of a TCE-degrading consortium was numerically dominant in the WBC-2 clone library after 11 months of enrichment in culture. Clostridiales, including Acetobacteria, comprised 65% of the bacterial clones in WBC-2, with Bacteroides (14%), and epsilon Proteobacteria (14%) also numerically important. Methanogens identified in the consortium were members of the class Methanomicrobia, which includes acetoclastic methanogens. Dehalococcoides did not become dominant in the culture, although it was present at about 1% in the microbial population. The WBC-2 consortium provides opportunities for the in situ bioremediation of sites contaminated with mixtures of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes.
Photoradio Apparatus and Operating Technique Improvements (1935)

A brief review of photoradio inception and progress up to 1928 is included in the introductory part of the paper. Improvements to terminal equipment which make possible greater fidelity of half-tone transmission over long-distance radio circuits are described. Radio circuit distortion is discussed and compensation methods suggested. A mathematical analysis of the photoradio keying is appended.
The <i>Drosophila</i> gene <i>Serrate</i> encodes an EGF-like transmembrane protein with a complex expression pattern in embryos and wing discs (1991)

We describe the molecular characterization of the Drosophila gene Serrate (Ser), which encodes an integral membrane protein. The extracellular domain contains two cysteine-rich regions, one of which is organized in a tandem array of 14 EGF-like repeats. Antibodies directed against part of the extracellular region confirm the localization of the protein in the membrane. In the wing imaginal discs, the protein is detected in those regions that are affected in the wings of two dominant mutations, SerD and SerBd. Both mutations as well as three out of eight newly induced revertants of SerD could be mapped molecularly to the transcribed region, confirming the identity between the gene Ser and the transcription unit characterized. During embryonic development, RNA and protein exhibit a complex expression pattern, which is, however, not correlated with an appropriate embryonic phenotype. Phenotypic interactions of Ser alleles with the neurogenic genes Notch and Delta coupled with the structural similarity of the proteins encoded by these three genes suggest close interactions at the protein level.
Immunity of Lentiviral Vector-Modified Dendritic Cells (2009)

Innovative approaches to induce a strong immune response are key to the success of immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) equipped with co-stimulatory, adhesion, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules needed for initiation and reactivation of the immune response. DCs are able to initiate and stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and, by secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and expression of regulatory molecules, to shape the adaptive immune response toward a long-lasting memory immunity. DCs from the peripheral blood of immune-compromised patients, however, often display an immature phenotype with defective functions. This emphasizes the importance and potential of engineering antigen-specific DCs in vitro. A state-of-the-art approach to overcome the prevailing immune dysfunction(s) in patients is to engineer DCs or DC progenitors to generate fully functional DCs for the modification of host immunity. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly efficient gene transfer vehicles for engineering DC functions. Examples oflentiviral vectors encoding immune-modulatory genes and useful functional assays for the analysis of effector immune cell response are described in this chapter.