gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articulated Figure Positioning by Multiple Constraints (1987)

A problem that arises in positioning an articulated figure is the solution of 3D joint positions (kinematics) when goal positions, rather than joint angles, are given. If more than one such goal is o be achived, tge problem is often solved interactively by positioning or solving one component of the linkage, then adjusting another, then redoing the first, and so on. This iterative process us skiw abd tedious. We present a method that automatically solves multiple simultaneous joint position goals. The user interface offers a six-degree-of-freedom input device to specify joint angles and goal positions interactively. Examplesare used to demonstrate the power and efficiency of this method for keypositon animation.
Skin Tumors in Photochemotherapy for Psoriasis: A Single-Center Follow-Up of 496 Patients (1996)

PUVA with the European treatment protocol appears to be only a weak carcinogen by itself for SCC with a linear increase in tumor risk but not for BCC development.
Regularities unseen, randomness observed: Levels of entropy convergence (2003)

We study how the Shannon entropy of sequences produced by an information source converges to the source's entropy rate. We synthesize several phenomenological approaches to applying information theoretic measures of randomness and memory to stochastic and deterministic processes by using successive derivatives of the Shannon entropy growth curve. This leads, in turn, to natural measures of apparent memory stored in a source and the amounts of information that must be extracted from observations of a source in order for it to be optimally predicted and for an observer to synchronize to it. To measure the difficulty of synchronization, we define the transient information and prove that, for Markov processes, it is related to the total uncertainty experienced while synchronizing to a process. One consequence of ignoring a process's structural properties is that the missed regularities are converted to apparent randomness. We demonstrate that this problem arises particularly for settings where one has access only to short measurement sequences. Numerically and analytically, we determine the Shannon entropy growth curve, and related quantities, for a range of stochastic and deterministic processes. We conclude by looking at the relationships between a process's entropy convergence behavior and its underlying computational structure.
Impairment of parasympathetic baroreflex responses in migraine patients (2005)

These results suggest that baroreflex-mediated cardiovagal responses are reduced in migraine patients. However, the sympathetic-mediated baroreflex control of the blood vessels is intact in the migraine patients. The autonomic nervous system may have a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Interview versus self-report (1996)

Several studies have demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) conducted by trained interviewers. The present study examined several aspects of a self-report YBOCS version relative to the usual interview format in two non-clinical samples (ns = 46 and 70) and in a clinical OCD sample (n = 36) and a clinical non-OCD group (n = 10). The self-rated instrument showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, performing somewhat better than the interview. There was good agreement between symptom checklist categories across the two versions, though clinical subjects reported more symptoms on the self-report form than on the interview. Some order effects were evident for non-clinical subjects only: those who received the self-report first scored lower on both self-report and interview than those who received the interview first. No order effects were observed in the clinical sample. The self-report version showed strong convergent validity with the interview, and discriminated well between OCD and non-OCD patients. Although more study is needed, particularly on clinical samples, these findings suggest that the self-report YBOCS may be a time-saving and less costly substitute for the interview format in assessing OCD symptoms.
Single snapshot DOA estimation (2010)

Abstract. In array signal processing, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been studied for decades. Many algorithms have been proposed and their performance has been studied thoroughly. Yet, most of these works are focused on the asymptotic case of a large number of snapshots. In automotive radar applications like driver assistance systems, however, only a small number of snapshots of the radar sensor array or, in the worst case, a single snapshot is available for DOA estimation. In this paper, we investigate and compare different DOA estimators with respect to their single snapshot performance. The main focus is on the estimation accuracy and the angular resolution in multi-target scenarios including difficult situations like correlated targets and large target power differences. We will show that some algorithms lose their ability to resolve targets or do not work properly at all. Other sophisticated algorithms do not show a superior performance as expected. It turns out that the deterministic maximum likelihood estimator is a good choice under these hard conditions.
Biomechanical properties of peripheral nerve after acellular treatment. (2011)

Nerve treated with the chemical method may be more appropriate for use in implantation than nerve treated with the physical method.
Mathematical Modeling of CO[sub 2] Reduction to CO in Aqueous Electrolytes (2010)

Experimental data for (and ) reduction to CO (and ) on flat gold and silver electrodes in and aqueous electrolytes and at room temperature are analyzed using a steady-state mathematical model. Rate constants and charge transfer coefficients for and reduction reactions are derived from the experimental data, assuming that the rate-determining steps for and reduction reactions are the formation of and radicals adsorbed at the electrode surface on both metal electrodes, respectively. It is found that reduction to CO is positively shifted by on gold as compared to silver, while hydrogen evolution is positively shifted by only . This explains why higher CO current efficiencies are obtained on gold ( for gold as compared to only for silver in potassium bicarbonate). The current fade for CO evolution at low electrode potential is related to the current increase for hydrogen evolution, which yields a high increase and concentration decrease at the electrode surface. Finally, an analysis of data for various partial pressures in equilibrium with the electrolyte is performed, in which the effect of acid–base reactions coupled with the CO evolution reaction is accounted for.
A fair MU-MIMO scheme for IEEE 802.11ac (2012)

The next generation of wireless local area networks (WLANs), currently standardized within IEEE 802.11ac, will surely adopt multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology. This paper addresses the design of a multiuser proportional fair scheduling scheme, based on MU-MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), that is able to schedule simultaneous transmissions to various users while providing a high degree of fairness. The proposed scheme is complemented by a fast link adaptation (FLA) strategy that, in light of the available channel state information (CSI), determines the most appropriate transmission parameters for each selected user. Simulation results generated using specifications envisaged for IEEE 802.11ac demonstrate the gains offered by the proposed technique with practical modulation and coding schemes.
The research on drivers' route choice behavior in the presence of dynamic traffic information (2006)

Roadside variable message sign (VMS) is one of the important tools of ITS for traffic management and route guidance in many countries. To investigate the driver route choice behavior in the presence of VMS information in Beijing, the authors carried out a study using the SP survey to collect drivers' route choice behavioral data, covering driving years, network familiarity, tolerance to the delay, education level, criteria of the route choice, confidence in VMS information, etc. A cumulative logistic regression model was developed to determine the probability of diversion. The algorithm of transforming the change of the traffic flow into diversion probability was developed in the paper, which includes the method for link state recognition and cumulative flow diversion model. Furthermore, factors that will influence the drivers' behavior were analyzed. It is indicated that drivers might pay high attention to the dynamic information of VMS, but the accuracy and punctuality of the information in Beijing still needs to be improved because it is one of the most important factor influencing driver's route choice behavior, and the more important is providing clear information to support drivers' diversion decision (when and where to divert)
Methodology for Modeling the Devolatilization of Refuse-Derived Fuel from Thermogravimetric Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components (1994)

The capacity of waste-to-energy (WTE) plants in the U.S. is expected to double by the year 2000. Many of these plants will burn refuse-derived fuel (RDF) consisting of municipal solid waste (MSW) components. A large percentage of the mass of RDF is volatile matter, which when combusted, contributes significantly to the boiler heat rate. A methodology is presented for estimating the devolatilization characteristics of RDF based on the premise that RDF can be modeled as some combination of select MSW components. Thermogravimetric analyses of these components provide the input data to the methodology. The outputs from the methodology are calculations of volatile weight loss versus temperature, or calculated thermograms, for the components at userdefined conditions. The hypothesis was made that these thermograms could be summed, given the mix of components in the RDF, to give an accurate description of the devolatilization process for the RDF. This hypothesis was tested by performing thermogravimetric analysis on MSW components that included newspaper and plastic consumer goods made from polystyrene foam, polyethylene terepthalate, polypropylene, and high-density polyethylene. These components were analyzed both as individual samples and as a controlled mixture that served as a surrogate RDF sample. The samples were heated within the the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at a rate of 50°C/min in a nitrogen flow. Thermograms were calculated for the components and then summed according to the methodology. The calculations matched the thermogravimetric data for the surrogate RDF sample, thus supporting the hypothesis that RDF devolatilization is described by the superposition of the volatile weight loss for the constituent materials.
Store Vectors for Scalable Memory Dependence Prediction and Scheduling (2006)

Allowing loads to issue out-of-order with respect to earlier unresolved store addresses is very important for extracting parallelism in large-window superscalar processors. Blindly allowing all loads to issue as soon as their addresses are ready can lead to a net performance loss due to a large number of load-store ordering violations. Previous research has proposed memory dependence prediction algorithms to prevent only loads with true memory dependencies from issuing in the presence of unresolved stores. Techniques such as load-store pair identification and store sets have been very successful in achieving performance levels close to that attained by an oracle dependence predictor. These techniques tend to employ relatively complex CAM-based designs, which we believe have been obstacles to the industrial adoption of these algorithms. In this paper, we use the idea of dependency vectors from matrix schedulers for non-memory instructions, and adapt them to implement a new dependence prediction algorithm. For applications that experience frequent memory ordering violations, our "store vector" prediction algorithm delivers an 8.4% speedup over blind speculation (compared to 8.5% for perfect dependence prediction), achieves better performance than store sets (8.1%), and the store vector algorithm's matrix implementation is considerably simpler.
William Labov: An Appreciation (2016)

William Labov launched the branch of language studies known as language variation and change or (more vaguely) sociolinguistics with several influential studies in the 1960s and seminal publications in the early 1970s. As the discipline spread to universities and research institutes in North America and, with remarkable rapidity, to Europe, Asia, the Antipodes, and ultimately all corners of the globe, Professor Labov has remained at or near the forefront of its various movements, including historical sociolinguistics, narrative analysis, sociometrics, subjective evaluation testing, educational and forensic applications, and sociophonetics, as well as mainstream variation studies. His breadth and depth as a scholar have influenced countless linguists and policy makers, and his enthusiasm and boundless optimism have inspired numerous colleagues, collaborators, and students. Several of them relate their personal experiences with the man and his ideas here.
Multispectral face spoofing detection using VIS–NIR imaging correlation (2018)

With the wide applications of face recognition techniques, spoofing detection is playing an important role in the security systems and has drawn much attention. This research presents a multispectral face anti-spoofing method working with both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra imaging, which exploits VIS–NIR image consistency for spoofing detection. First, we use part-based methods to extract illumination robust local descriptors, and then the consistency is calculated to perform spoofing detection. In order to further exploit multispectral correlation in local patches and to be free from manually chosen regions, we learn a confidence factor map for all the patches, which is used in final classifier. Experimental results of self-collected datasets, public Msspoof and PolyU-HSFD datasets show that the proposed approach gains promising results for both intra-dataset and cross-dataset testing scenarios, and that our method can deal with different illumination and both photo and screen spoofing.
The Stress-Responsive Gene <i>GADD45G</i> Is a Functional Tumor Suppressor, with Its Response to Environmental Stresses Frequently Disrupted Epigenetically in Multiple Tumors (2005)

The CpG island of GADD45G was identified as a target sequence during the identification of hypermethylated genes using methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis combined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylation. Located at the commonly deleted region 9q22, GADD45G is a member of the DNA damage-inducible gene family. In response to stress shock, GADD45G inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. Same as other GADD45 members, GADD45G is ubiquitously expressed in all normal adult and fetal tissues. However, its transcriptional silencing or down-regulation and promoter hypermethylation were frequently detected in tumor cell lines, including 11 of 13 (85%) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 3 of 6 (50%) Hodgkin's lymphoma, 8 of 11 (73%) nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 2 of 4 (50%) cervical carcinoma, 5 of 17 (29%) esophageal carcinoma, and 2 of 5 (40%) lung carcinoma and other cell lines but not in any immortalized normal epithelial cell line, normal tissue, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The silencing of GADD45G could be reversed by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or genetic double knockout of DNMT1 and DNMT3B, indicating a direct epigenetic mechanism. Aberrant methylation was further frequently detected in primary lymphomas although less frequently in primary carcinomas. Only one single sequence change in the coding region was detected in 1 of 25 cell lines examined, indicating that genetic inactivation of GADD45G is very rare. GADD45G could be induced by heat shock or UV irradiation in unmethylated cell lines; however, this stress response was abolished when its promoter becomes hypermethylated. Ectopic expression of GADD45G strongly suppressed tumor cell growth and colony formation in silenced cell lines. These results show that GADD45G can act as a functional new-age tumor suppressor but being frequently inactivated epigenetically in multiple tumors.
Toward Human Organ Printing: Charleston Bioprinting Symposium (2006)

The First Annual Charleston Bioprinting Symposium was organized by the Bioprinting Research Center of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and convened July 21, 2006, in Charleston, South Carolina. In broad terms, bioprinting is the application of rapid prototyping technology to the biomedical field. More specifically, it is defined as the layer by layer deposition of biologically relevant material. The 2006 Symposium included four sessions: Computer-aided design and Bioprinting, Bioprinting Technologies; Hydrogel for Bioprinting and, finally, a special session devoted to ongoing research projects at the MUSC Bioprinting Research Center. The Symposium highlight was the presentation of the multidisciplinary Charleston Bioengineered Kidney Project. This symposium demonstrated that bioprinting or robotic biofabrication is one of the most exciting and fast-emerging branches in the tissue engineering field. Robotic biofabrication will eventually lead to industrial production of living human organs suitable for clinical transplantation. The symposium demonstrated that although there are still many technological challenges, organ printing is a rapidly evolving feasible technology.
Chemical and Biological Differentiation of Three Human Breast Cancer Cell Types Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2006)

We use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to image and classify individual cells on the basis of their characteristic mass spectra. Using statistical data reduction on the large data sets generated during TOF-SIMS analysis, similar biological materials can be differentiated on the basis of a combination of small changes in protein expression, metabolic activity and cell structure. We apply this powerful technique to image and differentiate three carcinoma-derived human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231). In homogenized cells, we show the ability to differentiate the cell types as well as cellular compartments (cytosol, nuclear, and membrane). These studies illustrate the capacity of TOF-SIMS to characterize individual cells by chemical composition, which could ultimately be applied to detect and identify single aberrant cells within a normal cell population. Ultimately, we anticipate characterizing rare chemical changes that may provide clues to single cell progression within carcinogenic and metastatic pathways.
Use of monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing effects on toxic antigens from human bacterial plaque to detect specific bacteria by colony blotting (1991)

Inflammatory periodontal diseases are provoked by bacteria which adhere to teeth at the gingival margin and form plaques containing toxins detectable by their effect on mammalian cells in culture. The aim of this study was to make toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and determine whether they detect antigen in specific oral bacteria. Bacterial plaque was collected from teeth and homogenized, and the fluid phase (plaque extract) was boiled or first fractionated over Sephacryl S-300. Hybridomas from immunized mice secreted immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies which reacted to plaque antigens. Neutralization was detected by an increase in the growth of HL60 cells which were exposed to plaque toxins in the presence of IgM from hybridoma culture or ascitic fluids. However, the neutralization was obvious only when the plaque toxins reduced growth by 50% or less. Plaque toxin preparations were found to contain proteases which hydrolyzed all of the IgM in ascitic fluids within 24 h. Replenishing the IgM daily preserved protection compared with protection from IgM from other hybridomas or saline only. The decrease in the specific activity of plaque proteins caused by replenishing one such antibody (3hE5) was 2.5-fold compared with activity with unreplenished 3hE5, 3.8-fold compared with activity with saline only, and 10.7-fold compared with activity with replenished, unrelated antibody. The neutralizing IgM detected an array of 14,000- to 22,000-molecular-weight antigens. The native toxins may be aggregates of these antigens, or the array may indicate fragments of an undetected, larger antigen or a common, nonpeptide adduct. Only 0.5 to 0.8% of the bacteria from sites with periodontitis and grown on blood agar contained antigen. One group of reactive bacteria was identified as Actinomyces odontolyticus serotype I. Other isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, but antigen disappeared from the these isolates within 6 weeks of subculture. Epitope-containing antigens were also found in streptococcal and Eikenella isolates, and it is likely that the antigens from only some of these bacteria are toxic.
Electronic damping of vibrations in optical structures (1979)

We have carried out a preliminary experimental demonstration of the feasibility of using external electronic circuits to damp mechanical vibrations in optical systems. The significance of the feasibility demonstration is that substantial levels of vibrational amplitude reduction were obtained with very small transducers in nonoptimal positions on noncritical portions of the optical structure. The prototype optical structure used in the experiment consisted of a membrane mirror stretched over a 25-cm diam glass frame with complex cross section. Five small piezoelectric transducers (19.05 x 3.18 x 0.28 mm) were applied with Duco cement at arbitrary positions on the glass frame. Acoustic excitation was then used to excite the resonances in the optical structure. These vibrational responses were measured, and one particular mode was chosen for the feasibility test. The structure was driven by external vibrations at the resonant frequency of the chosen mode until the membrane response was visible. One transducer as used to sense the vibrations in the frame, and this output was used to drive a negative feedback amplifier that drove one of the other transducers on the frame. With the feedback circuit active between two points on the frame, the vibrational response of the membrane to the external excitation was substantially reduced (7:1).
An improvement of trace scheduling for global microcode compaction (1984)

Fisher's trace scheduling procedure for global compaction has proven to be able to produce significant reduction in execution time of compacted microcode, however extra space may be sometimes required during bookkeeping, and the efficacy of compaction of microprogram loop is lower than that of hand compaction. This paper introduces an improved trace scheduling compaction algorithm to mitigate the drawbacks mentioned above. The improved algorithm is based on a modified menu of moving microoperations, an improved trace scheduling algorithm, and a special loop compaction algorithm. Preliminary tests indicate that this global compaction algorithm gives shorter execution time and less space requirement in comparison with Fisher's algorithm.
Coherent THz Phonons Driven by Light Pulses and the Sb Problem: What is the Mechanism? (1996)

Femtosecond laser pulses generate in Sb coherent ${E}_{g}$ phonons at $\ensuremath{\approx}3.4\mathrm{THz}$, in addition to oscillations of ${A}_{1g}$ symmetry accounted for by the phenomenological displacive-excitation model. Experiments agree with theoretical calculations showing that the coherent driving force in absorbing materials like Sb is determined by Raman processes, as in transparent media. The Raman formalism provides a unifying approach for describing light-induced motion of atoms of both impulsive and displacive character.