gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of disorder on the photoinduced excitations in phenyl substituted polythiophenes (2001)

Regioregular poly(3-(4′-(1″,4″,7″-trioxaoctyl)phenyl)thiophenes) (PEOPTs) exhibit interesting properties for the use in polymer electronics. Exposing thin films of the amorphous, disordered phase (orange phase) of the “as prepared” polymer to chloroform vapor or annealing them by heat treatment results in a redshift of the absorption maximum due to the formation of nanocrystals in an ordered phase (blue phase). As such, PEOPT thus is a very interesting conjugated polymeric material, which exhibits two different phases with well-defined order/disorder characters on one-and-the-same material. This property opens up the unique possibility to investigate the role of order/disorder on the photoexcited pattern without being obscured by the differences in chemical structure by using different materials with different crystallinity. The fact, that blue phase PEOPT exhibits absorption edges at relatively low energies around 1.8 eV, thereby demonstrating an enhanced spectral absorption range as compared to the orange phase, makes them attractive for use in photodiodes and solar cells as well. The photoinduced charge generation efficiency in both phases of PEOPT is significantly enhanced by the addition of a strong electron acceptor such as fullerene C60, as observed by quenching of the luminescence and by photoinduced absorption measurements in the infrared and uv–visible regime. The average number and the lifetime of photoinduced carriers in composites of PEOPT with a methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61–butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are found to depend on the crystallinity of PEOPT in thin films, which gives rise to charged photoexcitations delocalized between polymer chains. Stronger bimolecular recombination in composites of the blue phase PEOPT with PCBM is observed as compared to the orange phase PEOPT/PCBM films. The origin of this enhanced recombination is found to be related to the hole mobility of the polymer.
The activated Mlvi-4 locus in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat T-cell lymphomas encodes an env/Mlvi-4 fusion protein (1994)

A genomic DNA probe derived from the region immediately 3' of the clusters of integrated proviruses in the Mlvi-4 locus detects a 5.5-kb mRNA transcript which is specifically expressed in normal rat thymus and spleen. The same probe detects two tumor-specific mRNA transcripts 2.5 and 10 kb long, both of which are expressed only in tumors carrying a provirus in the Mlvi-4 locus. Sequence analysis of two cDNA clones (LE3a and B1.1) of the 2.5-kb tumor-specific mRNA, obtained from two independent tumors (6889 and B1), revealed that they are both derived from hybrid env/Mlvi-4 mRNA transcripts. The splicing of env to Mlvi-4 sequences linked a cryptic splice donor site at nucleotide position 6397 of the viral genome with a splice acceptor site in the region immediately 3' of the integrated provirus. The mRNA that gives rise to cDNA clone B1.1 terminates 1,005 bases 3' of the splice acceptor site without additional splicing. The mRNA that gives rise to cDNA clone LE3a terminates in the same site but undergoes differential splicing of an 81-base-long intron. The resulting mRNAs contain 247-amino-acid (clone B1.1) or 226-amino-acid (clone LE3a) open reading frames sharing 221 N-terminal amino acids, of which 207 are derived from the viral env gene and 14 are derived from Mlvi-4. RNase protection assays using 6889 tumor cell RNA and a probe derived from the cDNA clone LE3a detected both mRNA transcripts. More abundant of the two, however, was the one encoding the putative 247-amino-acid protein. Transient transfections of a construct expressing the RNA transcript defined by clone B1.1 into D17 cells led to the expression of an Env/Mlvi-4 fusion protein with an apparent molecular mass of 33 kDa. Given that cells with provirus insertions in the Mlvi-4 locus are selected and that retroviral env gene products may have profound effects in the biology of hematopoietic cells, we suggest that the detected fusion proteins may contribute to the growth of T-cell lymphomas.
SDN and OpenFlow for Dynamic Flex-Grid Optical Access and Aggregation Networks (2013)

We propose and discuss the extension of software-defined networking (SDN) and OpenFlow principles to optical access/aggregation networks for dynamic flex-grid wavelength circuit creation. The first experimental demonstration of an OpenFlow1.0-based flex-grid λ-flow architecture for dynamic 150 Mb/s per-cell 4 G Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) mobile backhaul (MBH) overlays onto 10 Gb/s passive optical networks (PON) without optical network unit (ONU)-side optical filtering, amplification, or coherent detection, over 20 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with a 1:64 passive split is also detailed. The proposed approach can be attractive for monetizing optical access/aggregation networks via on-demand support for high-speed, low latency, high quality of service (QoS) applications over legacy fiber infrastructure.
Human CD34+ Bone Marrow Cells Regulate Stromal Production of Interleukin-6 and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Increase the Colony-Stimulating Activity of Stroma (1998)

Cytokines produced by stromal cells induce the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in the marrow microenvironment. We hypothesized that cross-talk between hematopoietic cells at different stages of differentiation and stromal cells influences stromal cytokine production and is responsible for maintaining steady-state hematopoiesis and responding to stress situations. We show that coculture of primitive CD34(+) cells in contact with or separated by a transwell membrane from irradiated human bone marrow stromal layers induces a fourfold to fivefold increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels in the stromal supernatant (SN) during the first week. Levels of both cytokines decreased to baseline after coculture of CD34(+) cells for 3 to 5 weeks. Coculture of more mature CD15(+)/CD14(-) myeloid precursors induced only a transient 1.5- to 2-fold increase in IL-6 and G-CSF at 48 hours. Neither CD34(+) nor CD15(+)/CD14(-) cells produced IL-6, G-CSF, IL-1beta, or tumor necrosis factor alpha. When CD34(+) cells were cultured in methylcellulose medium supplemented with cytokines at concentrations found in stromal SN or supplemented with stromal SN, a fourfold to fivefold increase in colony formation was seen over cultures supplemented with erythropoietin (EPO) only. When cultures were supplemented with the increased concentrations of IL-6 and G-CSF detected in cocultures of stroma and CD34(+) cells or when CD34(+) cells were cocultured in methylcellulose medium in a transwell above a stromal layer, a further increase in the number and size of colonies was seen. The colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage-stimulating activity of stromal SN was neutralized by antibodies against G-CSF or IL-6. These studies indicate that primitive CD34(+) progenitors provide a soluble positive feedback signal to induce cytokine production by stromal cells and that the observed increase in cytokine levels is biologically relevant.
Temporal and spatial variation in pelagic fi sh abundance in Lake Mead determined from echograms (1989)

Echograms have been used extensively to locate and estimate the relative abundance of marine fish stocks (Cushing 1973). In freshwater, echograms have been used to describe vertical (Netsch et al. 1971; Eggers 1978; O'Brien et al. 1984; Matthews et al. 1985), spatial (O'Brien et al. 1984; Wanjala et al. 1986) and temporal (Baker and Paulson 1983) patterns in fish abundance. Although most uses of echograms have been qualitative, Mullan and Applegate (1969) and Matthews et al. (1985) obtained relative estimates of fish abundance by counting targets (fish) on echograms. However, neither Mullan and Applegate (1969) nor Matthews et al. (1985) presented any statistical analysis of estimates obtained from echograms. Our purposes in this paper are to: 1) describe a procedure we have used for the scoring and statistical analysis of echograms as relative estimates of pelagic fish abundance; and 2) describe temporal and spatial variation in pelagic fish abundance in Lake Mead.
Using 3D finite-difference modeling to design wide-azimuth surveys for improved subsalt imaging (2007)

Abstract Three-dimensional finite-difference modeling studies conducted over subsalt structures in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico confirm the deficiencies of narrow-azimuth towed-streamer surveys and predict significant improvement in image quality with wide-azimuth methods. Finite-difference modeling has provided important design parameters for two separate approaches for wide-azimuth surveys: ocean-bottom receivers distributed in a sparse grid on the ocean floor coupled with a dense grid of source points on the surface, and a wide-azimuth towed-streamer method using multiple seismic vessels in a novel configuration. These two methods complement each other. Ocean-bottom receivers may be used effectively where field development has resulted in many obstacles that might interfere with towed-streamer methods, where the required size of the 3D survey is not too extensive, or where very long offsets are required for all azimuths. Towed-streamer methods are more efficient for large surveys, and key parameters in the wide-azimuth towed-streamer method can be varied to provide a wide range of cost versus data-quality options to make the method suitable for application in scenarios ranging from exploration to field development.
Amyloid β-Peptide Is Transported on Lipoproteins and Albumin in Human Plasma (1996)

The amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is the major constituent of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease and occurs as a soluble 40-42-residue peptide in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of both normal and AD subjects. It is unclear whether Abeta, once it is secreted by cells, remains free in biological fluids or is associated with other proteins and thus transported and metabolized with them. Such knowledge of the normal fate of Abeta is a prerequisite for understanding the changes that may lead to the pathological aggregation of soluble Abeta in vivo, the possible influence of certain extracellular proteins, particularly apolipoprotein E, on plaque formation, and the pharmacology of putative Abeta-lowering drugs. To address the question of Abeta distribution in human biological fluids, we incubated fresh human plasma from 38 subjects with physiological concentrations (0.5-0.7 nM) of radioiodinated Abeta1-40 and seven plasma samples with Abeta1-42. Lipoproteins and lipid-free proteins were separated and analyzed for bound iodinated Abeta1-40. We found that up to 5% of Abeta added to plasma is bound to selected lipoproteins: very low density, low density, and high density, but not lipoprotein(a). The large majority ( approximately 89%), however, is bound to albumin, and very little Abeta is free. Abeta distribution in plasma was not significantly influenced by apolipoprotein E genotype. We conclude that Abeta is normally bound to and transported by albumin and specific lipoproteins in human plasma under physiological conditions.
Identification and Characterization of the Iridoid Synthase Involved in Oleuropein Biosynthesis in Olive (Olea europaea) Fruits (2015)

The secoiridoids are the main class of specialized metabolites present in olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit. In particular, the secoiridoid oleuropein strongly influences olive oil quality because of its bitterness, which is a desirable trait. In addition, oleuropein possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. In accordance, obtaining high oleuropein varieties is a main goal of molecular breeding programs. Here we use a transcriptomic approach to identify candidate genes belonging to the secoiridoid pathway in olive. From these candidates, we have functionally characterized the olive homologue of iridoid synthase (OeISY), an unusual terpene cyclase that couples an NAD (P)H-dependent 1,4-reduction step with a subsequent cyclization, and we provide evidence that OeISY likely generates the monoterpene scaffold of oleuropein in olive fruits. OeISY, the first pathway gene characterized for this type of secoiridoid, is a potential target for breeding programs in a high value secoiridoid-accumulating species.
A new mass screening test for color-vision deficiencies in children (2000)

Five thousand one hundred and twenty-nine Wisconsin children, ages 4–12 years, were tested for color-vision deficiencies using a newly devised, precisely calibrated paper-and-pencil test. The disposable 1-page test consisted of 1 demonstration and 8 test panels. Thousands of copies of the test were produced, and they were distributed and administered in classrooms by teachers. Children wrote directly on the test and were allowed to trace over the symbols with a pencil or crayon, if they had difficulty. Performance on the paper-and-pencil color vision test was compared with that on conventional tests of color vision including Ishihara's tests, the American Optical–Hardy Rand and Rittler (AO-HRR) plate test, and the APT-5 Color Vision Tester. Older children were also tested on the Nagel Anomaloscope. All the children who were classified as having a color vision deficiency by the paper-and-pencil test also failed one or more of the conventional tests. Likewise, among children who passed the paper-and-pencil test, none were classified as having a color-vision defect from the results on the conventional tests. In the sample of all males, 7.5% were classified as having a color-vision deficiency, which is consistent with what has been observed previously in large population studies. Children who were classified as having color vision deficiencies were examined further using a new minimalist genetic test that was shown to be accurate and reliable. Genetic material derived from buccal swabs was used to determine the type of deficiency, protan vs. deutan, and to provide added information about severity. Among the subjects for whom type could be determined, 27% were protans, consistent with large population studies in which approximately 25% of red-green deficiencies have been found to be of the protan type. Classification of the severity of the deficiencies determined from the paper-and-pencil test plus minimal genetics were in good agreement with classification based on a battery of conventional tests. In conclusion, we found the methods used here to be rapid, efficient, and reliable for testing color vision in children. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S239–S249, 2001
Isolation of cholesterol-lowering lactic acid bacteria from human intestine for probiotic use (2004)

Cholesterol-lowering effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB: Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) is well-known. Thus, we investigated LAB isolated from human intestine on the cholesterol-lowering effect in vitro. Seven Streptococcus (61.1%), 11 Lactobacillus (71.8%) and 7 Bifidobacterium (27.9%) were isolated as acid (pH 2.5 and 3.0) and bile (0.3% oxgall) tolerant strains. Streptococcus HJS-1, Lactobacillus HJL-37 and Bifidobacterium HJB-4 were finally selected as probiotic strains to use through the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity assay by using MRS media added taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and the cholesterol-lowering test by using soluble cholesterol containing MRS broth. These studies suggested that the isolated LAB had an excellent hypocholesterolemic effect.
Expression of the immune regulation antigen CD70 in osteosarcoma (2015)

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone cancer in children and young adults. The outcome of patients with advanced disease is dismal. Exploitation of tumor-immune cell interactions may provide novel therapeutic approaches. CD70-CD27 interactions are important for the regulation of adaptive immunity. CD70 expression has been reported in some solid cancers and implicated in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. In this study, expression of CD70 and CD27 was analyzed in osteosarcoma cell lines and tumor specimens. CD70 protein was expressed on most osteosarcoma cell lines (5/7) and patient-derived primary osteosarcoma cultures (4/6) as measured by flow cytometry. In contrast, CD70 was detected on few Ewing sarcoma cell lines (5/15) and was virtually absent from neuroblastoma (1/7) and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (0/5). CD70(+) primary cultures were derived from CD70(+) osteosarcoma lesions. CD70 expression in osteosarcoma cryosections was heterogeneous, restricted to tumor cells and not attributed to infiltrating CD3(+) T cells as assessed by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. CD70 was detected in primary (1/5) but also recurrent (2/4) and metastatic (1/3) tumors. CD27, the receptor for CD70, was neither detected on tumor cells nor on T cells in CD70(+) or CD70(-) tumors, suggesting that CD70 on tumor cells is not involved in CD27-dependent tumor-immune cell interactions in osteosarcoma. CD70 gene expression in diagnostic biopsies of osteosarcoma patients did not correlate with the occurrence of metastasis and survival (n = 70). Our data illustrate that CD70 is expressed in a subset of osteosarcoma patients. In patients with CD70(+) tumors, CD70 may represent a novel candidate for antibody-based targeted immunotherapy.
17β-Carboxamide Steroids: Highly Effective Inhibitors of the Phytohaemagglutinin Mediated Blastogenesis of Normal Human Peripheral Lymphocytes (1984)

Several novel 17 beta-carboxamide analogues of dexamethasone were synthesized. The common precursor, 9-fluoro-16 alpha-methyl-11 beta,17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-1,4-androstadiene-17 beta-carboxylic acid, did not bind to the glucocorticoid receptors of rat liver and human spleen tumours. In addition, no inhibition of the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of cultured human peripheral lymphocytes was observed. The 17 beta-carboxamide analogues, however, bound with similar affinities to the glucocorticoid receptors of both tissues. They inhibited the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of peripheral lymphocytes, showing the same potency and same order of binding affinity as the natural glucocorticoids.
Polyphase Induction Machine with a Slitted Ferromagnetic Rotor: I - Experimental Investigations and a Novel Slipmeter (1967)

In this and its companion paper, the performance of the polyphase induction motor with slitted ferromagnetic rotor is presented. Experimental studies covered the influence of physical dimensions of slits and their number on the rotor performance, effects of inserting a conducting, nonmagnetic material like copper in the slits, and the performance of these rotors terminated with and without copper end rings. The conclusions drawn are amply supported by the results of a careful measurement of flux penetration at different depths beneath the rotor surface. In addition, a slipmeter, an unique device with a high sensitivity at low slip regions, used for a quick and direct measurement of slip, is described. The authors believe it is likely to find extensive application in induction machine test ng.
Ongoing management and application of discovered knowledge in a large regulatory organization (2000)

This paper describes a case study of an ongoing, deployed, KDD application -NASD Regulation's Advanced Detection System (ADS), which monitors activity on the Nasdaq Stock Marketfrom the perspective of how organizations and systems are impacted by the continuous long-term use of KDD in a dynamic domain. It discusses knowledge management techniques that have been developed for and applied to discovered knowledge. It points out special considerations resulting from the regulatory environment as well as general lessons applicable to all organizations that may come to rely on KDD as an integral part of their business operations. It describes our modifications to accepted KDD processes that are needed to account for the longterm use of KDD as part of a dynamic business environment.
Personalized multimedia web summarizer for tourist (2008)

In this paper, we highlight the use of multimedia technology in generating intrinsic summaries of tourism related information. The system utilizes an automated process to gather, filter and classify information on various tourist spots on the Web. The end result present to the user is a personalized multimedia summary generated with respect to users queries filled with text, image, video and real-time news made retrievable for mobile devices. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the superiority of our presentation scheme to traditional methods.
Expression of MMPs and TIMPs in human pterygia and cultured pterygium epithelial cells. (2000)

This is the first study to document the cellular expression of MMPs and TIMPs in pterygia and cultured human PECs. MMPs and TIMPs may contribute to the inflammation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis that characterize pterygia. Understanding the role these proteins play may lead to novel therapies intended to reduce the progressive nature of pterygia.
Bovine apolipoprotein B-100 is a dominant immunogen in therapeutic cell populations cultured in fetal calf serum in mice and humans (2007)

Recent studies have demonstrated that cell populations intended for therapeutic purposes that are cultured in heterologous animal products can acquire xenoantigens, potentially limiting their utility. In investigations of the immune response to murine embryonic stem cells, we found that a strong antibody response was generated after the second infusion. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody responses, derived from immunized mice, were found to be specific for bovine apolipoprotein B-100, which binds to abundant low-density lipoprotein receptors on the cell surface and is internalized. Here we show that in the majority of patients administered 3 different types of cell-based therapies using cells grown in fetal calf serum-containing media, an antibody response to bovine apolipoprotein B-100 develops after the second infusion and is the dominant specificity. The known and potential clinical effects of such antibodies are discussed.