gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Silver Hybrid Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopic Detection and Decontamination of Small Toxic Molecules (2013)

Magnetic hybrid assemblies of Ag and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with biocompatibly immobilized myoglobin (Mb) were designed to detect and capture toxic targets (NO2-, CN-, and H2O2). Mb was covalently attached to chitosan-coated magnetic silver hybrid nanoparticles (M-Ag-C) via glutaraldehyde that serves as a linker for the amine groups of Mb and chitosan. As verified by surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy, this immobilization strategy preserves the native structure of the bound Mb as well as the binding affinity for small molecules. On the basis of characteristic spectral markers, binding of NO2-, CN-, and H2O2 could be monitored and quantified, demonstrating the high sensitivity of this approach with detection limits of 1 nM for nitrite, 0.2 μM for cyanide, and 10 nM for H2O2. Owing to the magnetic properties, these particles were collected by an external magnet to achieve an efficient decontamination of the solutions as demonstrated by SERR spectroscopy. Thus, the present approach combines the highly sensitive analytical potential of SERR spectroscopy with an easy approach for decontamination of aqueous solutions with potential applications in food and in environmental and medical safety control.
Application of nonlinearity measures to chemical sensor signals (2003)

The stochastic component of chemical sensor signal contains valuable information that can be visualized not only by spectral analysis but also by using nonlinear characteristic components. The analysis of nonlinear stochastic components enables the extraction of physically interesting and useful features and may lead to significant improvements in selectivity and sensitivity. Various measures of nonlinearity are presented and estimated for sample sensor data obtained from commercial chemical sensors. Particular attention was paid to the bispectrum function that detects nonlinear and non-stationary components in the analyzed noise. The results suggest that bispectrum measurements provide valuable information about the nature of noise generation in chemical sensors. Moreover, we have found, by analyzing skewness and kurtosis distributions, that the measured time series were stationary.
FLUID MOTION AND SOUND (1960)

A collection of abstracts from research in fluid motion and sound is presented. The following aspects of fluid flow caused sounds were investigated; instability of jets, resonators and edgetones, ringtone and hole tone, aeolian tones, aerodynamics noise theory, and excitation of structures by random pressures.
Tumour localization using monoclonal antibodies. H. Biodistribution of A5B7/111 indium chelates (1988)

The anti-CEA antibody A5B7 has been conjugated with the chelating agents DTPA and DHDE. Radioimmunoassay and FPLC studies have shown that the conjugation procedure has not impaired the CEA binding ability of the antibody or induced aggregate formation. Biodistributions of the 111In-labelled conjugates have been carried out in nude mice bearing the human colon carcinoma xenograft LS174T. The results show favourable tumour-to-tissue ratios for the DTPA conjugate.
A 3-D Graphics Display System With Depth Buffer and Pipeline Processor (1984)

A description is given of the algorithm used for high-speed rendering of color-shaded, three-dimensional images on a raster display terminal currently under development. This terminal features: a depth buffer for hidden surface removal; a processing speed of 10000 polygons per second; smooth shading; antialiasing; subpixel addressability and subpixel detail; transparency; local segment memory; local viewing transformation; a nondestructive 3-D cursor; a cutting plane that works at any angle; and contouring.
Gettering in cryogenic applications (1987)

Metallic cryogenic Dewars and pipes, used for storage and transportation of cold fluids such as liquid N2 or He, usually have a vacuum jacket as a thermal insulator. In this case, vacuum has to be maintained in a range of 10−1 Pa or lower. Nonevaporable getters are often used for this purpose. They are particularly useful for sorbing H2 which is released by the warmer walls or by the multilayer insulation; H2 is neither cryocondensed by the cold surfaces nor sorbed by the molecular sieves which may be used to physisorb other gaseous species. The working temperature of the getters may range from room temperature down to the cryogenic fluid temperature. The getter material here considered, and which appears to be adequate for these applications, is the Zr–V–Fe nonevaporable getter alloy. Its sorption characteristics (particularly for H2) are studied both at room temperature and in a cryogenic fluid environment. The behavior of a gettered Dewar jacket is finally studied and discussed.
Physiology in Medicine: Obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment—considerations beyond airway anatomy (2013)

We review evidence in support of significant contributions to the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) from pathophysiological factors beyond the well-accepted importance of airway anatomy. Emphasis is placed on contributions from neurochemical control of central respiratory motor output through its effects on output stability, upper airway dilator muscle activation, and arousability. In turn, we consider the evidence demonstrating effective treatment of OSA via approaches that address each of these pathophysiologic risk factors. Finally, a case is made for combining treatments aimed at both anatomical and ventilatory control system deficiencies and for individualizing treatment to address a patient's own specific risk factors.
Urodynamic and other effects of tolterodine: A novel antimuscarinic drug for the treatment of detrusor overactivity (1995)

Tolterodine, a novel compound intended for treatment of urgency and urge incontinence, has been characterized as a potent muscarinic receptor antagonist in pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies. In cats, tolerodine was shown to reduce bladder pressure at doses significantly lower than those affecting salivation. To predict clinical effectiveness, an open pilot study was performed in healthy male volunteers. Efficacy was measured by cystometry and by spontaneously reported effects after administration of a single oral dose of tolterodine, 6.4 mg, given as a water solution. Tolterodine had distinct inhibitory effects on urinary bladder function, both at 1 and 5 hours post-dose. At 1 hour, but not at 5 hours post-dose tolterodine also significantly reduced stimulated salvation. In addition to the objectively demonstrated changes in urodynamic parameters, most volunteers experienced voiding difficulties. No significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or near point of accommodation were registered. Tolterodine, in the dosage used, was both objectively and subjectively shown to exert a marked inhibitory effect on micturition in healthy subjects, and the data suggest a more pronounced effect on bladder function than on salivation.
Maximum likelihood open loop carrier synchronizer for digital radio (2002)

The problem of carrier synchronization frequency offset is considered. New frequency estimation algorithms for the data-aided (DA), the decision directed (DD), and the nondata-aided (NDA) mode are derived from the maximum likelihood principle. Their performance is assessed by both analysis and simulation, and the error variance is compared to the Cramer-Rao bound. The resulting open-loop system for estimating and correcting frequency and carrier phase for a coherent M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) transmission system is presented and verified. Implementation issues like filter functions and nonlinearities are addressed. It is found that the proposed structures provide optimal synchronization at high SNR and robust synchronization even at low SNR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clock period optimization in a multiphase edge-clocked circuit constrained to a maximum number of phases (2002)

Presents a timing graph technique for the optimization of multiple-phase edge-clocked circuits. By using this method, the timing of these synchronous systems can be analyzed and designed accurately, taking into account the corresponding temporal parameters involved. An optimization algorithm, which includes the effects of the setup and hold time and the propagation delays of the registers, is introduced. The optimal phase distribution is obtained by means of an integer linear program. An iterative procedure for constraining the maximum number of phases is also proposed.
A Bristle-Based Pipeline Robot for Ill-Constraint Pipes (2008)

This paper presents the study of a pipeline robot based on a bristle mechanism. The bristle mechanism shows great flexibility and makes the pipeline robot to be able to work in ill-constraint pipes, which were previously considered as unpiggable or uninspectable. The working principle of pipeline robot is illustrated and the bristle mechanism is given in-depth analysis. Bristle traction force model is set up and the approximate calculation of bristle traction force based on Euler buckling theory is also described. The approximate calculation is conducted and simulated by using one single bristle. A laboratory experiment of bristle traction force is carried out and then the experimental result is compared with the calculation result. The experimental result shows the validity of bristle traction force model. Field trials of brush pipeline robots are also conducted in ill-constraint pipes and trial results show the flexibility and adaptability of the bristle mechanism. Future work and key issues in the research of brush pipeline robots are discussed at the end of the paper.
Perspectives on Traceability and BSE Testing in the U.S. Beef Industry (2005)

The discoveries of a dairy cow in the state of Washington in December 2003 and a beef cow in Texas in June 2005, both infected with BSE, essentially removed any doubt that a better tracking method for animals and meat needs to be implemented in the United States. These tracking methods are often referred to as traceability. However, an important consideration evolving out of the pressure placed on the United States to develop some type of animal and meat traceability system is how to address consumer concerns about food safety related to BSE effectively without drastically disrupting the current domestic meat production and processing system. This article describes why farm-to-fork traceability is a difficult and costly task in modern, high-volume beef packing plants and also provides some insights based on survey data about consumer preferences for different tracking and testing methods to address food safety concerns relative to BSE.
Mutual Coupling Reduction in Dielectric Resonator Antennas Using Metasurface Shield for 60-GHz MIMO Systems (2016)

An effective technique for reducing the mutual coupling between two dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) operating at 60-GHz bands is presented. This is achieved by incorporating a metasurface between the two DRAs, which are arranged in the H-plane. The metasurface comprises an array of unique split-ring resonator (SRR) cells that are integrated along the E-plane. The SRR configuration is designed to provide bandstop functionality within the antenna bandwidth. By loading the DRA with 1 × 7 array of SRR unit cells, a 28-dB reduction in the mutual coupling level is achieved without compromising the antenna performance. The measured isolation of the prototype antenna varies from -30 to -46.5 dB over 59.3-64.8 GHz. The corresponding reflection coefficient of the DRA is better than -10 dB over 56.6-64.8 GHz.
Analysis of the human TATA binding protein promoter and identification of an Ets site critical for activity (1997)

The TATA binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor required for initiation by all three eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases. Little is known about how TBP gene expression is regulated. To identify sequence elements and proteins contributing to human TBP (hTBP) gene transcription, we have characterized the promoter in two human cell lines. Multiple 5'-ends of TBP mRNA mapped throughout a 111 bp region immediately upstream of a previously reported hTBP cDNA. Upon transient transfection into cells, the hTBP 5'-flanking region was shown to contain a fairly active promoter. The cis -acting elements responsible for this promoter activity in Namalwa and HeLa cells were localized in vivo by deletion analysis. The minimal promoter defined from these experiments was a 54 bp region that encompassed all but one minor start site and contained a functional Ets protein consensus binding site, which was shown to be required for promoter activity in both cell lines. The importance of other potential elements to promoter activity was found to differ between the two cell lines. Consistent with that finding, different complexes were formed on promoter-containing DNA fragments upon incubation with nuclear extracts prepared from the different cells.
Ultrafast continuum mid-infrared spectroscopy: probing the entire vibrational spectrum in a single laser shot with femtosecond time resolution (2012)

Until now, ultrafast IR spectroscopy has been limited by the bandwidth of optical parametric amplifiers, typically 100-400 cm(-1). Here we present the first example of transient IR spectroscopy using a continuum laser source to probe the entire mid-IR region with ultrafast time resolution. The continuum source is based on focusing the fundamental, second harmonic, and third harmonic of 1 mJ, 25 fs, 800 nm pulses in air, generating ∼150 fs continuum mid-IR pulses that span the frequency range of <400 to >5000 cm(-1) or, conversely, <2 to >25 μm. We characterize the spectral and temporal properties of dicarbonylacetonato rhodium(I) in hexane. We further demonstrate the versatility of the method by measuring the very fast and broad (>1500 cm(-1)) spectral changes following IR excitation associated with the 7-azaindole-acetic acid heterodimer in carbon tetrachloride.
The John Charnley Award Paper. Experimental epiphysiolysis: etiologic models slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (1982)

The several anatomic features that permit the growth plate to resist shear forces were identified. Specific variations in these anatomic features were correlated with pathologic factors known to be associated with epiphysiolysis, including clinical correlations with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Two models of epiphysiolysis representing different pathogenetic pathways were established in the pig and compared to clinical slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the human. Both experimental models and other models reported in the literature bear similarities mechanically and histologically to the human disease. Available evidence suggests that slipped capital femoral epiphysis may not be a single disease but a final mechanical event that occurs as a result of a variety of disease processes. These disease processes reduce by different mechanisms the ability of the growth plate to resist shear forces.
Controlled Assembly of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene): Managing the Disorder to Order Transition on the Nano‐ through Meso‐Scales (2014)

Self‐assembly of conjugated organic semiconductors into ordered, larger scale entities is a critical process to achieve efficient charge transport at the nano‐ through macro‐scales, and various methodologies aimed at enhancing molecular ordering have been introduced. However, mechanistic understanding is limited. Here, a mechanistic elucidation of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) molecular self‐assembly is proposed based on experimental demonstration of controlled, solution‐based P3HT self‐assembly into rod‐like polycrystalline nanostructures. The synergistic combination of nonsolvent addition and ultrasonication facilitates rod‐like P3HT nanostructure formation in solution. Importantly, through sequential application of both treatments, nanostructure length can be easily modulated, and the assembly process is shown to follow a simple 2‐step crystallization model, which depends upon nucleation followed by growth. Through arrays of experimental results, the validity of 2‐step crystallization is confirmed and is proposed as a comprehensive platform to understand self‐assembly processes of conjugated polymers into larger, ordered mesoscale entities.
Down-regulation of cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation (1996)

The immediate-early cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox-2) gene encodes an inducible prostaglandin synthase enzyme that has been implicated in inflammatory and proliferative diseases. We have shown that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces the Cox-2 gene in a sustained manner and that post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization is an important even [Ristimäki, Garfinkel, Wessendorf, Maciag and Hla (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 11769-11775]. The anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone potently down-regulates IL-1-induced Cox-2 mRNA expression. Kinetic studies suggest that antagonism of IL-1-induced mRNA stabilization is, at least in part, responsible for the suppression of Cox-2 mRNA. The Cox-2 gene produces two major transcript isoforms, namely Cox-2(4.6) (4.6 kb) and Cox-2(2.8) (2.8 kb), which are derived by alternative polyadenylation in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). In response to dexamethasone, the short Cox-2(2.8) transcript isoform, which lacks a highly conserved AU-rich region, decays with a longer half-life than the Cox-2(4.6) isoform. Furthermore, heterologous expression of the hybrid Cox-1 open reading frame and the Cox-2 3'-UTR results in the accumulation of high levels of the short isoform and lower levels of the long isoform. These data suggest that multiple elements in the 3'-UTR of the Cox-2 gene are involved in the determination of the differential mRNA stabilities of Cox-2 transcript isoforms. Because dexamethasone destabilizes the Cox-2 transcript, and because the decay of Cox-2 transcript isoforms induced by dexamethasone occurs with different half-lives, post-transcriptional mRNA destabilization may be an important mechanism in the action of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids.
DISINFECTION OF CLOUDS OF MENINGOPNEUMONITIS AND PSITTACOSIS VIRUSES WITH TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL VAPOR (1947)

1. Triethylene glycol in excess of saturation, introduced as a vapor into a cloud chamber in which a dynamic cloud of either meningopneumonitis virus or psittacosis virus was developed simultaneously with, or in most instances subsequently to, the glycol cloud, induced distinct reduction in concentration of air-home virus, as measured both by cloud sampling in capillary impingers and by exposure of mice to the cloud. The relative humidity in the chamber was held between 35 and about 60 per cent. 2. Reduction of virus concentration in samplers, in glycol runs as compared with controls, ranged from 0 to 93 per cent (average, 62 per cent). 3. Reduction of infective response in mice, based on counts of focal lesions on lung surfaces, ranged from 55 to 98 per cent (average 73 per cent).
LU factorization and solve of low rank electrically large MOM problems for monostatic scattering using the adaptive cross approximation for problem sizes to 1,025,101 unknowns on a PC workstation (2007)

When unknowns are grouped in local spatial regions, the resulting blocks of the system impedance matrix Z are of low numerical rank, a fact that has been reported and utilized by a number of investigators developing various approaches for "fast" MOM solutions such as FMM, AIM, pFFT, MLFMM, IES3. To date, these methods use iterative solvers to obtain the solution.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐masked clinical trial of etanercept for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2005)

In this small pilot study there was no apparent difference in the anterior segment inflammation between patients treated with etanercept and placebo. The stringent criteria used to measure ophthalmic success of treatment and the small patient population limit the implications of our findings.
Noise detection in smartphone phonocardiogram (2017)

This paper presents a demo proposal of a standalone smartphone application that can automatically analyse the signal quality of PCG, as it is recorded on a low-cost smartphone-based digital stethoscope. Features, related to the inherent pattern of the autocorrelated signal envelope, have been used for classifying and discarding the noisy portions from a continuous PCG. Our application has been successfully deployed on Nexus 5 and tested on several clean and noisy PCG signals with sensitivity 78.91% and specificity 70.83%.
Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts (2020)

In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient's route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient's claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.
Downstream deletion analysis of the lac promoter (1991)

We have generated a series of deletions in the downstream region of the lac promoter. The promoter activities of these mutations were compared by measuring the levels of beta-galactosidase gene expression in vivo. Our results show that deletion of downstream lac promoter sequences changes the promoter strength only two- to threefold. The effects of these deletions on transcription initiation site location were studied through primer extension assay of in vivo mRNAs. We found that the transcription start sites are primarily chosen as an approximate distance from the -10 region of the lac promoter; however, starts are sometimes manifested at a GAATT(C) sequence, which is identical to the wild-type preferred start site. lac promoter P2 and a newly identified promoter, P3, are transcribed in vivo at low levels. Catabolite activator protein complexed with cyclic AMP represses P2 and P3 expression in vivo. The secondary catabolite activator protein binding site plays at most a modest role in catabolite repression in vivo.
Beta Barium Borate As An Electro-Optic Material For High Power Lasers (1989)

The potential of Beta-Barium Borate (B-BaB204) for use as an EO material is evaluated. The clamped and unclamped values of ryyy and rc are rtyyy = 2.5 pm/V, rTC = 0.17 pm/V, IrSyyyl = 0.24 rSXyz(KDP), and RSC = 0.013 rSXyz(KDP), where rc = rzzz-(no/ne)3rx xz. The magnitude of the EO coefficient is due mainly to the electronic nonlinearity. The expected half-wave voltages and thermo-mechanical parameters of 13-BaB204 plates in various configurations are calculated and compared with those of other materials of interest. Its resistance to thermal fracture, high damage threshold, and its wide range of transparency, make 13-BaB204 an excellent candidate for use in a high average power Pockels cell, and as an intra-cavity laser Q-switch.