gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained release of indomethacin from chitosan granules. (1985)

The use of chitosan granules as a means to achieve sustained release of indomethacin was examined. In contrast with the rapid dissolution of indomethacin in powdered form, sustained but almost complete release from chitosan granules was observed. A unique characteristic of the chitosan granules was that they gradually swelled and floated on the acid medium at pH 1.2. This floating property of the granules on the acid medium can be applied to the formulation of sustained-release preparations of various drugs. The effect of cross-linking procedure on the drug release patterns from chitosan granules was also examined. The release rate of the drug from the granules could be controlled by varying the cross-linking procedure. Thus, chitosan might be useful as a vehicle for a sustained-release preparation of indomethacin in granular form.
Shear alignment of confined hydrocarbon liquid films (2002)

Shear-induced structural reordering in thin liquid films of the linear saturated alkane n-eicosane (C20H42) was investigated using a surface forces apparatus and freeze-fracture (atomic force) microscopy (AFM). By rapidly freezing a shearing film followed by splitting (cleaving) the films from the confining mica substrate surfaces, it was possible to obtain AFM images of the structures of the films during steady-state sliding, revealing striped domains approximately 2 A in height and a few nanometer wide whose structure depends on the sliding velocity and, most likely, also on the sliding distance and time. In contrast, confined but unsheared films yielded completely featureless images. To the best of our knowledge, the results are the first direct experimental measurement of shear-induced ordering in nano-confined films resulting in layering and domain formation, but any molecular-level alignment, if present, could not be established.
Fast and scalable readout for fault-tolerant quantum computing with superconducting Qubits (2018)

In this work, the addition of a filtering resonator to protect against Purcell decay in the surface code implementation presented in [R. Versluis et al., 2017, Phys. Rev. Applied] is investigated.The requirements on single- and two-qubit gate operation as well as readout is outlined. We model the system with differential equations to optimize the coupling strengths and target frequencies for fast readout and minimized dephasing of untargeted qubits. The currently used qubit design is adapted to achieve these goals. A proof-of-concept chip, containing a subset of the surface code is implemented using these altered qubits, fabricated and characterized.On this device, state-of-the art readout fidelities of &gt;98% within 450 ns are demonstrated. Back-action on untargeted qubits is measured and an upper bound is determined.
Efficient gate oxide defect screen for VLSI reliability (2002)

We report the feasibility and effectiveness of short voltage stress for oxide defect screen in this paper. Wafer-level in-process voltage stress rather than post-process burn-in may be necessary for defect screening, so that all the thin oxides can be accessed and higher voltage may be used to accelerate the burn-in. Oxide breakdown theory has been successfully used to model this defect control method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitory Effects of 3-O-Acyl-(+)-catechins on Epstein-Barr Virus Activation (2003)

In the course of an exploratory investigation of antitumor-promoting catechins, 3-O-acyl-(+)-catechins of varying carbon lengths from C(4) to C(18) were assessed for inhibitory effects on the activation of the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen. Like 3-O-acyl-(-)-epigallocatechins, the (+)-catechin derivatives showed promising effects with the C-3 acyl chain of C(8)-C(11) carbon atoms.
A myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis (2021)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with break-down of homeostatic immune regulation of vascular tissues. As a critical initiator of host immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) have also been identified in the aorta of healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients, whose roles in regulating arterial inflammation aroused great interest. Accumulating evidence has now pointed to the fundamental roles for DCs in every developmental stage of atherosclerosis due to their myriad of functions in immunity and tolerance induction, ranging from lipid uptake, efferocytosis and antigen presentation to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine secretion. In this study we provide a timely summary of the published works in this field, and comprehensively discuss both the direct and indirect roles of DCs in atherogenesis. Understanding the pathogenic roles of DCs during the development of atherosclerosis in vascular tissues would certainly help to open therapeutic avenue to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detection (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detectionHamish. Small, Timothy S. Stevens, and William C. BaumanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 11, 1801–1809Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60361a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60361a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4604Altmetric-Citations1053LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Leukotrienes in Exercise-induced Asthma: Inhibitory Effect of ICI 204219, a Potent Leukotriene D <sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonist (1992)

The sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are released from mast cells in response to allergen challenge and may be involved in the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled allergen in asthma. Since mast cell activation may also be implicated in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, we assessed the inhibitory effects of a potent orally active leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist, ICI 204219 (20 mg), on the bronchoconstrictor response to exercise in eight male asthmatic patients in a placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study. Exercise challenge respiring dry air was performed on a treadmill at constant speed and gradient 2 h after drug administration, and bronchoconstriction was assessed as change in FEV1 over 30 min postexercise. No significant effect on airway caliber, measured as FEV1, was noted 2 h after ICI 204219. The mean maximum percentage fall in FEV1 following exercise was 36.0% following placebo, and reduced to 21.6% after ICI 204219 (p less than 0.01). Analysis of the time course of bronchoconstriction showed that inhibition was most marked over the latter part of the period assessed. These data indicate that the release of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes makes a major contribution to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
A class of low gain broadband antennas (2005)

The experimental characteristics of a class of small, low and medium gain, broadband antennas are discussed. Theoretical analysis and comparison with more common antenna structures are also presented. Three basic antenna types are described. Patterns and VSWR characteristics of each type are shown. Combinations of these basic types were investigated. Included were structures having such characteristics as medium gain, uniform patterns, and balanced feeding over a wide frequency range. The important features of these antennas include small physical size and inherent broadband.
Modeling neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus for amplitude modulation (AM) processing: application to speech sound (2002)

The aim of this work is to explore the representation of speech in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus by computational models based on neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data. A computational model of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus stellate cells with chop-S type response properties is described. Input that is excitatory and inhibitory to the model is in the form of simulated auditory-nerve spikes. The model is capable of generating a wide range of realistic chop-S unit responses. We investigate the speech information processing performed by our system that includes a peripheral model (cochlea, hair cells, auditory nerve spikes generation and chop-S units).
CERA (Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator): a new erythropoiesis-stimulating agent for the treatment of anemia. (2005)

Anemia is a common and debilitating condition in patients with chronic kidney disease and patients with cancer. Over the last 10 to 15 years, the introduction of erythropoietic therapy has transformed the management of anemia in both these conditions. The first therapeutic agent to be used for the stimulation of erythropoiesis was recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin). At the turn of this century, darbepoetin alfa, a second-generation erythropoietic agent, became available. Darbepoetin alfa contains two additional N-linked carbohydrate chains, which confer greater metabolic stability in vivo. More recently, a third-generation molecule, Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator (CERA), incorporating a large polymer chain, has been developed. CERA has an elimination half-life in humans that is considerably longer than the half-life of either epoetin or darbepoetin alfa. CERA may also have different receptor binding characteristics and pharmacology from other erythropoietic agents; these characteristics are the subject of ongoing investigation. CERA is currently in phase III clinical trials.
Hydrophobic interaction between tryptophan and some synthetic nucleosides. (1991)

The interaction of 29 synthetic nucleosides with tryptophan was studied by charge-transfer reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and the relative strength of interaction was calculated. In the majority of cases Trp significantly decreased the lipophilicity of the nucleosides. This effect may be due to the interaction between the more hydrophilic Trp and the more lipophilic nucleosides, resulting in charge-transfer complexes of moderate lipophilicity. Stepwise regression analysis proved that the length of the alkyl substituent of nucleosides significantly influences the strength of interaction. Our findings supports the hypothesis that the nucleosides turn toward Trp with their alkyl substituent and the binding is of hydrophobic character.
Towards practical lithium-metal anodes (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries have had a tremendous impact on several sectors of our society; however, the intrinsic limitations of Li-ion chemistry limits their ability to meet the increasing demands of developing more advanced portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage systems. Therefore, battery chemistries beyond Li ions are being intensively investigated and need urgent breakthroughs toward commercial applications, wherein the use of metallic Li is one of the most intuitive choices. Despite several decades of oblivion due to safety concerns regarding the growth of Li dendrites, Li-metal anodes are now poised to be revived because of the advances in investigative tools and globally invested efforts. In this review, we first summarize the existing issues with regard to Li anodes and their underlying reasons and then highlight the recent progress made in the development of high-performance Li anodes. Finally, we propose the persisting challenges and opportunities toward the exploration of practical Li-metal anodes.
Morphogenesis of the right ventricle requires myocardial expression of Gata4 (2005)

Mutations in developmental regulatory genes have been found to be responsible for some cases of congenital heart defects. One such regulatory gene is Gata4, a zinc finger transcription factor. In order to circumvent the early embryonic lethality of Gata4-null embryos and to investigate the role of myocardial Gata4 expression in cardiac development, we used Cre/loxP technology to conditionally delete Gata4 in the myocardium of mice at an early and a late time point in cardiac morphogenesis. Early deletion of Gata4 by Nkx2-5Cre resulted in hearts with striking myocardial thinning, absence of mesenchymal cells within the endocardial cushions, and selective hypoplasia of the RV. RV hypoplasia was associated with downregulation of Hand2, a transcription factor previously shown to regulate formation of the RV. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was reduced, with a greater degree of reduction in the RV than in the LV. Late deletion of Gata4 by Cre recombinase driven by the alpha myosin heavy chain promoter did not selectively affect RV development or generation of endocardial cushion mesenchyme but did result in marked myocardial thinning with decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation, as well as double-outlet RV. Our results demonstrate a general role of myocardial Gata4 in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and a specific, stage-dependent role in regulating the morphogenesis of the RV and the atrioventricular canal.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Series Glycol Ethers : Active Solvents in High Solids Systems, and Efficient Coupling Agents and Coalescents in Waterborne Coatings (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Whole arm planning for a soft and highly compliant 2D robotic manipulator (2014)

Soft continuum manipulators have the advantage of being more compliant and having more degrees of freedom than rigid redundant manipulators. This attribute should allow soft manipulators to autonomously execute highly dexterous tasks. However, current approaches to motion planning, inverse kinematics, and even design limit the capacity of soft manipulators to take full advantage of their inherent compliance. We provide a computational approach to whole arm planning for a soft planar manipulator that advances the arm's end effector pose in task space while simultaneously considering the arm's entire envelope in proximity to a confined environment. The algorithm solves a series of constrained optimization problems to determine locally optimal inverse kinematics. Due to inherent limitations in modeling the kinematics of a highly compliant soft robot and the local optimality of the planner's solutions, we also rely on the increased softness of our newly designed manipulator to accomplish the whole arm task, namely the arm's ability to harmlessly collide with the environment. We detail the design and fabrication of the new modular manipulator as well as the planner's central algorithm. We experimentally validate our approach by showing that the robotic system is capable of autonomously advancing the soft arm through a pipe-like environment in order to reach distinct goal states.
Carboxypeptidase from Yeast (1973)

Abstract In order to render the carboxypeptidase from yeast more readily available for use in sequence studies in protein chemistry, the procedure of Hata, Hayashi, and associates for the preparation of the enzyme has been adapted to a larger scale through cooperation with the New England Enzyme Center. From 100 pounds of bakers' yeast, the yield was about 1.4 g of the chromatographically purified, electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme, free of other proteinase activity. The carboxypeptidase from the yeast of different manufacture has properties corresponding very closely to those observed initially by Hayashi and Hata; the glycoprotein has a molecular weight of about 61,000, has a nitrogen content of 12.74%, yields 15.1 g of hexose per 100 g, and consists of a single polypeptide chain of 442 residues with 16 residues of glucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety. Lysine is at the NH2 terminus and -Asp-Ser-Thr-Leu is the COOH-terminal sequence. The broad carboxypeptidase activity at pH 5, which includes the liberation of proline, has been tested with the present preparation on glucagon, the B chain of insulin, and reduced and carboxymethylated pancreatic ribonuclease. The amino acids in these sequences released most slowly were glycine and aspartic acid. The carboxypeptidase retains activity in 6 m urea and can be used for the study of proteins that may have inaccessible COOH termini in the usual aqueous solution; native pancreatic ribonuclease is one example.
Nonlinear size-dependent melting of the silica-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (2012)

In spite of the recent report of the in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observation of the melting of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in Chen et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 253104 (2010)], no consistent experimental investigation coupled with theoretical analysis has been reported so far. We report the size-dependence of the melting temperature (Tm) of Ag NPs by both differential scanning calorimetry experiments and thermodynamic assessments. Thermodynamically calculated Tm for the Ag NPs showed a nonlinear function with respect to the inverse of the particle size and agreed well with the present and reported experimental results within an error of 1 K.
Bloch-based MRI system simulator considering realistic electromagnetic fields for calculation of signal, noise, and specific absorption rate (2013)

With careful design, an MR simulator producing realistic signal, noise, and SAR for arbitrary sample, sequence, and fields has been created. It is hoped that this tool will be valuable in a wide variety of applications.
Carbodiimides. IV. High Polymers Containing the Carbodiimide Repeat Unit (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbodiimides. IV. High Polymers Containing the Carbodiimide Repeat UnitTod W. Campbell and Kenneth C. SmeltzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 8, 2069–2075Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01043a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01043a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Alloy Chemistry on Superplastic Forming of Rapid-Solidification-Processed Aluminum-Lithium Alloys (1986)

The superplastic forming characteristics of rapid-solidification-processed (RSP) Al-3Li-based alloys containing varying amounts of copper, magnesium, cobalt, and zirconium and processed by different thermomechanical sequences were investigated. Their final microstructures were strongly dependent on the processing treatment and alloy composition. All the zirconium-containing alloys were processed to have a fine subgrain microstructure. These alloys deform predominantly by dislocation glide and climb processes and by subgrain boundary motion, and they exhibit up to 400% elongation, which is sufficient for many commercial forming applications. Cavitation was suppressed, and the mechanical properties were not affected by forming. A thermomechanical processing sequence was established that develops a completely recrystallized fine grain microstructure in the Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloys. The alloys with this recrystallized microstructure have excellent formability.
Evaluating Convolutional Neural Network for Effective Mobile Malware Detection (2017)

In last years smartphone and tablet devices have been handling an increasing variety of sensitive resources. As a matter of fact, these devices store a plethora of information related to our every-day life, from the contact list, the received email, and also our position during the day (using not only the GPS chipset that can be disabled but only the Wi-Fi/mobile connection it is possible to discover the device geolocalization).This is the reason why mobile attackers are producing a large number of malicious applications targeting Android (that is the most diffused mobile operating system), often by modifying existing applications, which results in malware being organized in families, where each application belonging to the same family exhibit the same malicious behaviour. These behaviours are typically information gathering related, for instance a very widespread malicious behaviour in mobile is represented by sending personal information (as examples: the contact list, the received and send SMSs, the browser history) to a remote server managed by the attackers.In this paper, we investigate whether deep learning algorithms are able to discriminate between malicious and legitimate Android samples. To this end, we designed a method based on convolutional neural network applied to syscalls occurrences through dynamic analysis. We experimentally evaluated the built deep learning classifiers on a recent dataset composed of 7100 real-world applications, more than 3000 of which are widespread malware belonging to several different families in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed method, obtaining encouraging results. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
A robust speaker verification biometric (2002)

The need for simple, ubiquitous security procedures to verify the identity of authorised system users is assuming increasing importance in the expansion and exploitation of new technology. High performance Biometric Verification methods offer important tools for this purpose, enhancing the security, reliability and integrity of transactions conducted electronically. This paper describes TESPAR/FANN, a new digital data/artificial neural network combination which is proving highly effective in the Speaker Verification arena, and in other key non-speech applications.
A note on Gilbert burst-correcting codes (1965)

The codes discussed here, due to E. N. Gilbert, are capable of detecting and correcting certain bursts, i.e., errors which occur in clusters. In particular, it is shown that Gilbert's burst-correcting cedes have capabilities beyond those previously recognized. D. A. Huffman's graph-code formulation is used, which greatly facilitates the appreciation of the results. A cyclic code formulation is also given, and certain Gilbert codes are seen to be Fire codes.