gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEMS Gyroscope With Concentrated Springs Suspensions Demonstrating Single Digit Frequency Split and Temperature Robustness (2018)

We report on a new design approach for X-Y symmetric resonator, emphasizing the increase in symmetry by localization of the device anchors. The resonator is mechanized as a z-axis rate gyroscope (RG), and the concept is compatible with the rate-integrating gyroscope mechanization. Our approach is based on strategically placing the critical mechanical elements at the center of the resonator structure, to mitigate the effect of fabrication imperfections across the device. We experimentally demonstrated that the design yields a sub-Hz frequency separation between operational modes, which is attributed to the introduced design approach. The high symmetry of the device led to a temperature stability of 50 mHz over 130°C temperature range. A ring down test demonstrated the Q-factor greater than 330 K. The thermal stability and preliminary characterization results of the gyro in-run stability are presented.
High Frequency and Intensity of Drinking may Attenuate Increased Inflammatory Cytokine Levels of Major Depression in Alcohol‐use Disorders (2014)

These findings provide evidence for altered functioning of the immune system in AUD patients with comorbid MD. However, frequent and intense drinking may attenuate the difference in the cytokine profiles between AUD patients with and without MD.
The Esterification of Tetrachlorophthalic Anhydride (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Esterification of Tetrachlorophthalic AnhydrideB. W. Nordlander and W. E. CassCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2679–2682Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MobileMums: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an SMS-Based Physical Activity Intervention (2010)

Intervention exposure resulted in increased frequency of PA and walking for exercise in postnatal women.
Industrial Robotics: Technology, Programming, and Applications (1986)

From the Publisher:
Taking an interdisciplinary approach to robotics,this new book covers such topics as robot technology,robot programming,applications,machine vision,artificial intelligence,and related social considerations. One of the first such volumes designed specifically as a textbook,it differs from the strictly professional robotics book in its use of learning aids. Example problems,case studies,and end-of-chapter exercises serve to reinforce important concepts.
Absorptive bandpass filters for NVIS-compatible crewstations (1995)

Bandpass filters using absorptive materials were developed to filter the incandescent light sources commonly found in crewstations to provide lighting compatible with Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS). A discussion on how NVIS operate provides insight into the rationale behind the military specification for NVIS compatible lighting; the radiance and color of NVIS compatible lighting is also examined. To achieve the desired results, a filter designer will find a balance between four different interdependent parameters. Finally, recent developments in NVIS filter technology are examined to determine current trends.
Electrical and physical characteristics of PrTixOy for metal-oxide-semiconductor gate dielectric applications (2002)

The electrical and physical characteristics of PrTixOy, for use in metal-oxide-semiconductor gate dielectric applications were investigated. An amorphous layer of PrTixOy with an equivalent oxide thickness of 1 nm and a dielectric constant of 23 was formed by means of e-beam evaporation. Compared to Pr2O3, PrTixOy was found to exhibit excellent characteristics such as a high accumulation capacitance, a low leakage current density, a thin interfacial layer, and a lower reactivity to water. The superiority of PrTixOy can be attributed to the addition of TiO2 to the praseodymium oxide matrix.
On the Design and Verification Methodology of the Look-Aside Interface (2005)

In this paper, we present a technique to design and verify the look-aside (LA-1) interface standard used in network processors. Our design flow includes several refinements starting from an informal UML specification until getting to an RTL modeled in Verilog. We integrate the verification of the LA-interface in the design flow by considering two intermediate levels: (1) abstract state machines (ASM); and (2) SystemC. The first one serves the verification by model checking of a set of PSL properties, while the second includes a set of assertions to be verified by simulation. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we used the rule-base model checker to verify the same properties; and the OVL library to verify the same assertions.
Olbers's paradox and the spectral intensity of the extragalactic background light (1991)

There is still confusion in some quarters as to why the intensity of the intergalactic radiation field is low and why Olbers's paradox is resolved. To remedy this in a fashion which is simple but different from previous bolometric work, the intensity as a function of wavelength is calculated, first in expanding uniform cosmological models and then in equivalent static ones. This separates the influence of the expansion of the universe from that of the age of the galaxies. In realistic expanding models, results are given for the spectral intensity of the extragalactic background light at 5100 A for a range of cosmological parameters and for galaxies which form at different redshifts and either have constant luminosities or a reasonable degree of evolution. The theoretical intensities in expanding models are mostly within observational limits. In hypothetical static models the intensities are higher, but only by modest factors. For most combinations of cosmological model, galaxy formation redshift and galaxy evolution, the expansion only reduces the intensity by a factor of about 3-4. (To reduce it by an order of magnitude from what it would be in a static model would require that the universe be close to de Sitter dynamically.) This confirms the conclusion drawn from earlier bolometric calculations of the extragalactic background light by Wesson, Valle, and Stabell, and shows Harrison is right about Olbers's paradox. Contrary to what is implied in some books, the latter is not resolved mainly by the cosmological redshift. The darkness of intergalactic space is a result primarily of the finite age of the galaxies, in conjunction with other factors including the finite speed of light, and only secondarily of the expansion of the universe.
Lyme disease: point/counterpoint (2005)

Lyme disease represents a growing public health threat. The controversial science and politics of Lyme disease have created barriers to reliable diagnosis and effective treatment of this protean illness. Two major clinical hurdles are the absence of a therapeutic end point in treating Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, and the presence of tickborne coinfections with organisms such as Babesia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Bartonella that may complicate the course of the disease. From a pathophysiologic standpoint, the affinity of Borrelia burgdorferi for multiple cell types and the presence of nonreplicating forms of the Lyme disease spirochete have contributed to persistent infection and failure of simple antibiotic regimens. Newer approaches to the treatment of Lyme disease should take into account its clinical complexity in coinfected patients and the possible need for prolonged combination therapy in patients with persistent symptoms of this potentially debilitating illness. The optimal antibiotic regimen for chronic Lyme disease remains to be determined.
Room-temperature Magnetic Ordering in Functionalized Graphene (2012)

Despite theoretical predictions, the question of room-temperature magnetic order in graphene must be conclusively resolved before graphene can fully achieve its potential as a spintronic medium. Through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and point I-V measurements, the current study reveals that unlike pristine samples, graphene nanostructures, when functionalized with aryl radicals, can sustain magnetic order. STM images show 1-D and 2-D periodic super-lattices originating from the functionalization of a single sub-lattice of the bipartite graphene structure. Field-dependent super-lattices in 3-nm wide "zigzag" nanoribbons indicate local moments with parallel and anti-parallel ordering along and across the edges, respectively. Anti-parallel ordering is observed in 2-D segments with sizes of over 20 nm. The field dependence of STM images and point I-V curves indicates a spin polarized local density of states (LDOS), an out-of-plane anisotropy field of less than 10 Oe, and an exchange coupling field of 100 Oe at room temperature.
Pathogenic adaptation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> by natural variation of the FimH adhesin (1998)

Conventional wisdom regarding mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis holds that pathogens arise by external acquisition of distinct virulence factors, whereas determinants shared by pathogens and commensals are considered to be functionally equivalent and have been ignored as genes that could become adapted specifically for virulence. It is shown here, however, that genetic variation in an originally commensal trait, the FimH lectin of type 1 fimbriae, can change the tropism of Escherichia coli, shifting it toward a urovirulent phenotype. Random point mutations in fimH genes that increase binding of the adhesin to mono-mannose residues, structures abundant in the oligosaccharide moieties of urothelial glycoproteins, confer increased virulence in the mouse urinary tract. These mutant FimH variants, however, are characterized by increased sensitivity to soluble inhibitors bathing the oropharyngeal mucosa, the physiological portal of E. coli. This functional trade-off seems to be detrimental for the intestinal ecology of the urovirulent E. coli. Thus, bacterial virulence can be increased by random functional mutations in a commensal trait that are adaptive for a pathologic environment, even at the cost of reduced physiological fitness in the nonpathologic habitat.
Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)

Physical exercise promotes a reduction in cortisol levels in individuals with MDD. However, this finding can be influenced by type of exercise, weekly frequency, and type of cortisol measurement.
Role of bacterial endotoxins of intestinal origin in rat heat stress mortality (1983)

Using unanesthetized rats, the effect on heat stress mortality of endotoxin tolerance or zymosan treatment was determined. In addition, the incidence of invasion by gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins was studied to evaluate the role of gut-derived bacterial endotoxins after heat stress. Endotoxin tolerance resulted in heat stress resistance. The estimated mean total thermal area, which induced an LD50 in endotoxin-tolerant rats (61.85 degrees C . min) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than that for non-tolerant rats (44.03 degrees C . min). Rats were significantly (P less than 0.005) more sensitive to endotoxin after zymosan treatment, but this treatment did not alter the heat stress mortality rate. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test indicated that endotoxemia did not occur as a result of heat stress. Though a significantly increased incidence of high gram-negative bacterial count in the duodenum was noted, extraintestinal invasion was not found. It was concluded that resistance to heat stress may not be due to protection from gut-derived bacterial endotoxins, but resistance may possibly be associated with the ability of endotoxin tolerance to protect from shock syndromes. Thus bacterial endotoxins of intestinal origin did not appear to have a significant role in rat heat stress mortality.
Update on Insertion and Complications of Central Venous Catheters for Hemodialysis (2016)

Central venous catheters are a popular choice for the initiation of hemodialysis or for bridging between different types of access. Despite this, they have many drawbacks including a high morbidity from thrombosis and infection. Advances in technology have allowed placement of these lines relatively safely, and national guidelines have been established to help prevent complications. There is an established algorithm for location and technique for placement that minimizes harm to the patient; however, there are significant short- and long-term complications that proceduralists who place catheters should be able to recognize and manage. This review covers insertion and complications of central venous catheters for hemodialysis, and the social and economic impact of the use of catheters for initiating dialysis is reviewed.
Microcin H47, a chromosome-encoded microcin antibiotic of Escherichia coli (1990)

Microcin H47 (MccH47) is a novel microcin antibiotic produced by a natural Escherichia coli isolate. In contrast to all the other colicins and microcins examined to date, which are plasmid encoded, the genes for MccH47 synthesis and immunity are located on the chromosome. These genetic determinants were cloned and shown to extend over a continuous DNA region of ca. 10 kb.
Oxidation of Hafnium Carbide in the Temperature Range 1400° to 2060°C (1993)

After hafnium carbide has been oxidized at temperatures in the range of 1400° to 2060°C, three distinct layers are present in the film cross section: (a) a residual carbide layer with dissolved oxygen in the lattice, (b) a dense‐appearing oxide interlayer containing carbon, and (c) a porous outer layer of hafnium oxide. Experimental measurements of layer thicknesses and oxygen concentrations are combined with an extended formulation of moving‐boundary diffusion theory to obtain the diffusion constants of oxygen in each of the three layers. The results indicate that the oxide interlayer is a better diffusion barrier for oxygen than either of the other layers. Based on X‐ray microanalysis, X‐ray diffraction, and resistance measurements, the interlayer is an oxygen‐deficient oxide of hafnium with a carbon impurity. The interlayer hardness equals that of the residual carbide layer.
Mice lacking ganglioside GM3 synthase exhibit complete hearing loss due to selective degeneration of the organ of Corti (2009)

The ganglioside GM3 synthase (SAT-I), encoded by a single-copy gene, is a primary glycosyltransferase for the synthesis of complex gangliosides. In SAT-I null mice, hearing ability, assessed by brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP), was impaired at the onset of hearing and had been completely lost by 17 days after birth (P17), showing a deformity in hair cells in the organ of Corti. By 2 months of age, the organ of Corti had selectively and completely disappeared without effect on balance or motor function or in the histology of vestibule. Interestingly, spatiotemporal changes in localization of individual gangliosides, including GM3 and GT1b, were observed during the postnatal development and maturation of the normal inner ear. GM3 expressed in almost all regions of cochlea at P3, but at the onset of hearing it distinctly localized in stria vascularis, spiral ganglion, and the organ of Corti. In addition, SAT-I null mice maintain the function of stria vascularis, because normal potassium concentration and endocochlear potential of endolymph were observed even when they lost the BAEP completely. Thus, the defect of hearing ability of SAT-I null mice could be attributed to the functional disorganization of the organ of Corti, and the expression of gangliosides, especially GM3, during the early part of the functional maturation of the cochlea could be essential for the acquisition and maintenance of hearing function.
A new method for non-labeling attomolar detection of diseases based on an individual gold nanorod immunosensor (2011)

Herein, we present the use of a single gold nanorod sensor for detection of diseases on an antibody-functionalized surface, based on antibody–antigen interaction and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) λmax shifts of the resonant Rayleigh light scattering spectra. By replacing the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a tightly packed self-assembled monolayer of HS(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)6OCH2COOH(OEG6) has been successfully formed on the gold nanorod surface prior to the LSPR sensing, leading to the successful fabrication of individual gold nanorod immunosensors. Using prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a protein biomarker, the lowest concentration experimentally detected was as low as 111 aM, corresponding to a 2.79 nm LSPR λmax shift. These results indicate that the detection platform is very sensitive and outperforms detection limits of commercial tests for PSA so far. Correlatively, its detection limit can be equally compared to the assays based on DNA biobarcodes. This study shows that a gold nanorod has been used as a single nanobiosensor to detect antigens for the first time; and the detection method based on the resonant Rayleigh scattering spectrum of individual gold nanorods enables a simple, label-free detection with ultrahigh sensitivity.
Embedded wavelet packet image coder with fast rate-distortion optimized decomposition (1997)

A fast rate-distortion (R-D) optimized wavelet packet (WP) transform is proposed for image compression in this research. By analyzing the R-D performance of the quantizer and the entropy coder, we show that the coding distortion D can be modeled as an exponentially decaying function as the coding rate R increases. With this exponential R-D model, it is proved that the constant R-D slope criterion for optimum bit allocation is equivalent to the constant distortion criterion, which can be easily implemented via thresholding. Based on this analytical result, we develop a fast wavelet packet decomposition scheme which is optimized in the R-D sense by comparing simple parameters associated with each wavelet packet band such as the 1st or 2nd absolute moments. We have performed extensive experiments to demonstrate the performance of an image coder using the proposed R-D optimized wavelet packet transform, and shown that our scheme is highly competitive with all well known state-of-the-art image coders.
Incorporation and release of inorganic phosphate in horse spleen ferritin (1978)

When ferritin is reconstituted from Fe and apoferritin in vitro in the presence of Pi, the product obtained differs both from native ferritin and from ferritin reconstituted in the absence of Pi. When the latter is incubated with Pi the product resembles native ferritin with respect both to the pattern of Pi incorporated per molecule or per Fe atom and to the ease of release of this Pi relative to Fe release. It is concluded that much of the Pi of native ferritin is adsorbed on surfaces of ferritin iron-core crystallites. The results also suggest that Pi is not present at the intracellular site of Fe incorporation into ferritin, but is added after Fe.
Manresa, capital de la Catalunya central o ciutat metropolitana? (1997)

Manresa ha afirmat diverses vegades la seva voluntat d'exercir un paper vertebrador en relació al conjunt de les terres de la Catalunya central. Aquest desig coincideix avui amb la progressiva integració de la ciutat en les dinàmiques de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona. A primera vista aquestes dues tendències semblen contradictòries. Ho són realment? No hi hauria manera que poguessin esdevenir complementàries i es reforcessin mútuament?
X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals (1989)

The nature and production of x-rays diffraction effects structures, composition, properties and occurences of clay minerals sample preparation techniques for clay minerals sample preparation techniques for clay minerals identification of individual clay minerals and associated minerals identification of mixed layered clay minerals quantitative analysis.
True Random Number Generation by Variability of Resistive Switching in Oxide-Based Devices (2015)

Scalable, low-power random number generator (RNG) blocks are essential for encryption in today's communication systems. To allow for true RNG, a system must display an inherently-random physical phenomenon, such as the timing of individual fluctuations in random telegraph noise or the random trapping/detrapping phenomena in dielectrics. In this work, a true RNG based on set variability in a resistive switching memory (RRAM) is demonstrated. The RNG relies on a single RRAM device, which is repeatedly programmed at a constant voltage close to the nominal set voltage. Due to the statistical variability of the set voltage, set transition takes place only in 50% of the applied pulses, thus resulting in a bimodal distribution of resistance. The bimodal distribution of analog resistance is finally converted into a 0/1 distribution of output voltage values through digital regeneration with a CMOS inverter.
Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-α ameliorates neurodegeneration in Sandhoff disease mice (2013)

Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a lack of a functional β-subunit of the β-hexosaminidase A and B enzymes, leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in the central nervous system (CNS). The Hexb-/- mouse model of SD shows a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype similar to the human equivalent. Previous studies have revealed that Hexb-/- mice suffer from chronic neuroinflammation characterized by microglial activation and expansion. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a key modulator of the CNS immune response in models of neurodegeneration, is a hallmark of this activation. In this study, we explore the role of TNFα in the development and progression of SD in mice, by creating a Hexb-/- Tnfα-/- double-knockout mouse. Our results revealed that the double-knockout mice have an ameliorated disease course, with an extended lifespan, enhanced sensorimotor coordination and improved neurological function. TNFα-deficient SD mice also show decreased levels of astrogliosis and reduced neuronal cell death, with no alterations in neuronal storage of gangliosides. Interestingly, temporal microglia activation appears similar between the Hexb-/- Tnfα-/- and SD mice. Evidence is provided for the TNFα activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway as a mechanism for astrocyte activation in the disease. Bone marrow transplantation experiments reveal that both CNS-derived and bone marrow-derived TNFα have a pathological effect in SD mouse models, with CNS-derived TNFα playing a larger role. This study reveals TNFα as a neurodegenerative cytokine mediating astrogliosis and neuronal cell death in SD and points to TNFα as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate neuropathogenesis.