gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The "Fixed-Income," "Annuity" and "Modernized" Types of Trust (1938)

Discussions of the problem of the investment of trust funds are usually, and quite naturally, premised on the assumption that the trusts giving rise to the problem are of the conventional type. However, recent years have witnessed a significant departure from the customary trust in the development of the Fixed-Income, Annuity, and Modernized types of trust. Since resort to any of these trust forms presents for the trustee an investment problem quite different from that confronting him under a trust of the usual type, a comprehensive treatment of the trust investment problem calls for a consideration of these newer trust forms in relation to that problem. The Fixed-Income, Annuity and Modernized types of trust differ slightly from each other. That difference will be explained near the end of this paper. The three of them join, however, in a common dissimilarity to the conventional trust in that the latter provides that earned income only shall go to the life tenant, the entire corpus supposedly to be conserved for the remaindermen. The Fixed-Income, Annuity and Modernized types provide for stipulated payments to the life regardless of what income may actually be earned. In treating the subject of the Fixed-Income, Annuity and Modernized types of trust, the author assumes that this article may be read by both trustees and trustors, or at least by the latter's legal representatives. It shall be his aim, therefore, to discuss this type of trust from the point of view of its advantages both to trustees and to trust beneficiaries. The plan seems to harbor no disadvantage for either. Whence came the conventional, earned-income-only to the life tenant trust form, and how it could possibly have achieved such almost universal usage, it is apparently futile to speculate. Probably the first trusts were employed by wealthy testators whose estates were of adequate size to warrant this conventional form-that is, their earnings, even at low rates of interest, were ample to support the life on the scale to which she was accustomed. When, however, this conventional form is employed for estates whose size is so small that earnings of 6%, 5% or even 4%
Synthesis and bioactivities of novel neonicotinoids dioxolane compounds (2006)

As candidates for the screening of neonicotinoid insecticides, nine novel compounds were designed and synthesised via Mannich reaction of (1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methyl-2-(nitromethylene) imidazoline with corresponding primary amines and formaldehyde. Preliminary bioassays indicated that most of these compounds had moderate insecticidal activities against pea aphids.
Immunologic Identification of the Cleavage Products from the Aα- and Bβ-Chains in the Early Stages of Plasmin Digestion of Fibrinogen (1986)

Fragment X components (Mr 225,000 to 333,000) were distinguished on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies to A alpha-chain segments demonstrated that the A alpha-chains of fibrinogen and the largest fragment X components (Mr 285,000-340,000) contained both A alpha 259-276 and A alpha 540-554. Fragment X components of Mr 270,000-285,000 contained A alpha 259-276 but lacked A alpha 540-554, whereas the smallest fragment X components (Mr 225,000-270,000) contained neither A alpha 540-554 nor A alpha 259-276. Studies of the small peptides generated during fragment X formation complemented the studies of the large molecules, by demonstrating peptides containing both A alpha 259-276 and A alpha 540-554 (Mr 41,600-41,800 and Mr 38,700-38,900), peptides containing A alpha 540-554 but not A alpha 259-276 (Mr 20,500-21,000 and Mr 17,300-17,500) and peptides containing only A alpha 259-276 (Mr 23,600-24,000 and Mr 20,500-21,000). Cleavage of B beta 1-42 from the amino terminal ends of the B beta-chains, measured with a specific radioimmunoassay, was linear until 1.6 moles per mole of fibrinogen had been released, and coincided with loss of the central and carboxy terminal A alpha-chain regions, i. e. A alpha 259-276 and A alpha 540-554. Based on present and previously reported data, a model is proposed for the evolution of the heterogeneous group of fragment X derivatives from fibrinogen with the simultaneous release of small peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Test scheduling with thermal optimization for network-on-chip systems using variable-rate on-chip clocking (2006)

Chip overheating has become a critical problem during test of today's complex core-based systems. In this paper, we address the overheating problem in network-on-chip (NoC) systems through thermal optimization using variable-rate on-chip clocking. We control the core temperatures during test scheduling by assigning different test clock frequencies to cores. We present two heuristics to achieve thermal optimization and reduced test time. Experimental results for example NoC systems show that the proposed method can guarantee thermal safety and yield better thermal balance, compared to previous methods using power constraints. Test application time is also reduced
Ultrafast flow imaging by 1 μm time-stretch microscopy (2013)

We demonstrate ultrafast flow imaging of micro-particles by optical time-stretch microscopy at 1µm, with an ultrahigh imaging throughput up to ~100,000 particles/s – enabling this high-speed imaging technique for a wider scope of biophotonic applications.
Activity of the new antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate and its polyglutamates against human dihydrofolate reductase, human thymidylate synthetase, and KB cells containing different levels of dihydrofolate reductase. (1985)

The action of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate (PDDF) and its gamma-polyglutamyl analogues against human thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase was examined. PDDF inhibited thymidylate synthetase in a noncompetitive fashion with respect to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate reductase in a competitive fashion with respect to dihydrofolate. Ki values were estimated to be 20 and 250 nM, respectively. The addition of glutamyl moieties through gamma-linkage enhanced the inhibitory activity of PDDF against thymidylate synthetase without significant effect on dihydrofolate reductase. PDDF inhibited human KB cell growth, and its potency was found to be influenced less than that of methotrexate by the amount of cellular dihydrofolate reductase.
Location determination and tracking using radio beacons (2005)

Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced business and consumer mobile applications. Low-cost devices that can be incorporated into a broad range of business and consumer appliances can be used for location determination and tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate a radio beacon-based approach that suggests heterogeneous wireless networks can be joined together to provide wide area tracking capability. Our implementation is based on probabilistic and statistical techniques, where signal strengths measurements from cellular networks are used to estimate the user's location. Simulation results and field tests around Lancaster University campus show that these techniques can achieve good performance (accuracy less than 50 m) compared with traditional deterministic methods (i.e. triangulation).
Confocal microscopy analysis of native, full length and B-domain deleted coagulation factor VIII trafficking in mammalian cells (2004)

In mammalian cells, factor VIII (FVIII) secretion depends upon its interaction with chaperones of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and requires a unique ATP-dependent step to dissociate aggregates formed within the ER. To further elucidate mechanisms which might account for the inefficient secretion of recombinant FVIII (rFVIII), we have analyzed the pathways of recombinant full length (rFVIII-FL) and B-domain deleted (rFVIII Delta B) FVIII and compared these to the secretion route of native FVIII in primary hepatocytes. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with a pulse chase of a known secretion marker, we describe the trafficking route of FVIII, which upon release from the ER--where it colocalizes with calnexin--is transported to the Golgi complex in vesicular-tubular transport complexes (VTCs) which could be further identified as being COP I coated. However, a large portion of rFVIII is retained in the ER and additionally in structures which could not be assigned to the ER, Golgi complex or intermediate compartment. Moderate BiP transcription levels indicate that this observed retention of FVIII does not reflect cellular stress due to an overexpression of FVIII-protein in transduced cells. Moreover, a pulse of newly synthesized rFVIII protein is released within 4 hrs, indicating that once rFVIII is released from the ER there is no further limitation to its secretion. Our data provide new details about the secretory route of FVIII, which may ultimately help to identify factors currently limiting the efficient and physiological expression of FVIII in gene therapy and manufacture.
Virtues and Obstacles of Hardware-assisted Multi-processor Execution Replay (2010)

Biochemical and pharmacological properties of KRI-1314, a newly synthesized, low molecular weight (M.W.: 690) renin inhibitor, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The novel amino acid norstatine, which is shorter in chain length than the well-known statine, was incorporated into KRI-1314 as a tetrahedral transition-state analogue for the Leu10-Val11 scissile peptide in the renin substrate. KRI-1314 more strongly inhibited plasma renins from primates than those from dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. KRI-1314 competitively inhibited highly-purified human renin with a Ki value of 9.9 x 10(-10) M. KRI-1314 strongly inhibited the tissue renin-like activities of various organs from Japanese monkeys, with IC50 values on the order of 10(-8) M. KRI-1314 was also very stable in various tissue homogenates from Japanese monkeys. Both intravenous (from 0.25 to 3 mg/kg) and oral (10 and 30 mg/kg) administration of KRI-1314 to anesthetized and conscious sodium-depleted Japanese monkeys, respectively, significantly lowered the blood pressure and plasma renin activity without affecting the heart rate. In Japanese monkeys, KRI-1314 was continuously detected in the plasma up to at least 7 hr after oral administration of 10 and 30 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that KRI-1314 is a highly potent, primate-selective and long-lasting oral renin inhibitor with a blood pressure lowering effect.
Assessment and Evaluation of Polymer Based Repair Materials (1993)

Polymer-based repair materials can be innovative and not conform to the usual conventions, and so, the specification of repair materials and techniques is not necessarily bound by codes and regulations. This creates opportunity and risk, and the reassurance offered by independent third party certification is desirable. Such certification is discussed, with particular reference to 'Agrement,' as practised by the British Board of Agrement. Such assessment consists of laboratory test data and site experience as well as production surveillance.
Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrazoles<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrazoles1FRANCES G. FALLON and ROBERT M. HERBSTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 8, 933–936Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01359a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01359a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electronic circuits: design and applications (1991)

This text on electronic circuit design and application, has been given a new title as it has been updated and widened in scope. Written both for the student and the practising engineer and scientist, the book covers major aspects and applications of modern analogue and digital circuit design. Part I concentrates on analogue and digital circuits, on operational amplifiers, combinatorial and sequential logic and memories. Part II is application-oriented. Each chapter offers various solutions to a given problem, and is designed to enable the reader to understand ready-made circuits and/or to proceed reasonably quickly from theory to a working circuit. The design approach is often illustrated by an example. Analogue applications cover such topics as analogue computing circuits. The digital sections deal with AD and DA conversion, digitial computing circuits, microprocessors and digital filters.
Fiber Trapping in Low-Consistency Refining: New Parameters to Describe the Refining Process (2009)

Fiber trapping in refining has been defined by the fraction f of the bar edges that trap fibers as they cross, and by the number of fibers i trapped under each section of bar. From these parameters, equations were derived to calculate the number of impacts that a fiber undergoes during refining and the maximum force experienced during each impact. Refiner power versus gap was measured for a conical laboratory refiner at maximum peripheral speeds ranging from 4 m/s to 27 m/s and consistencies ranging from 1% to 6% for one softwood kraft pulp. The data were used to calculate relative changes in i and f as a function of consistency and speed. It was found that f was extremely sensitive both to an increase in refiner rotational speed and to a reduction in pulp consistency. A reduction in consistency from 4% to 2% at 20 m/s (3000 rpm) led to a decrease in the trapping fraction, f, by approximately 80%. The number of fibers trapped under each section of bar also decreased, although to a lesser extent. The reduction in fiber trapping greatly increased the forces on the fibers, leading to enhanced fiber shorten-ing and reduced refining efficiency.
Effect of M40403 treatment of diabetic rats on endoneurial blood flow, motor nerve conduction velocity and vascular function of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve (2001)

1. To further explore the effect of antioxidants in preventing diabetes-induced vascular and neural dysfunction we treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats daily with subcutaneous injections of 10 mg kg(-1) of M40403 (n=11) and compared the results obtained from 17 control rats and 14 untreated diabetic rats. M40403 is a manganese(II) complex with a bis(cyclo-hexylpyridine)-substituted macrocyclic ligand that was designed to be a selective functional mimetic of superoxide dismutase. Thus, M40403 provides a useful tool to evaluate the roles of superoxide in disease states. 2. Treatment with M40403 significantly improved diabetes-induced decrease in endoneurial blood flow, acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation in arterioles that provide circulation to the region of the sciatic nerve, and motor nerve conduction velocity (P<0.05). M40403 treatment also reduced the appearance of superoxide in the aorta and epineurial vessels and peroxynitrite in epineurial vessels. Treating diabetic rats with M40403 reduced the diabetes-induced increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in serum but did not prevent the decrease in lens glutathione level. Treating diabetic rats with M40403 did not improve sciatic nerve Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity or the sorbitol, fructose or myo-inositol content of the sciatic nerve. 3. These studies provide additional evidence that diabetes-induced oxidative stress and the generation of superoxide and perhaps peroxynitrite may be partially responsible for the development of diabetic vascular and neural complications.
[High-Definition Exoscope System for Microneurosurgery:Use of an Exoscope in Combination with Tubular Retraction and Frameless Neuronavigation for Microsurgical Resection of Deep Brain Lesions]. (2015)

The high-definition exoscope (VITOM®, Karl Storz GmbH & Co., Tuttlingen, Germany) is a new equipment that can be used as an alternative to the operating microscope in neurosurgery. Several neurosurgeons have recently reported that the exoscope allows for long working distances and great depth of field. Herein, we review reported cases of exoscope use in neurosurgery. We also describe the advantages of the exoscope compared to the operating microscope and endoscope. Furthermore, we introduce a novel technique for microsurgical resection of deep brain lesions, in which the exoscope is used along with tubular retraction and frameless neuronavigation. Before the operation, neuronavigation is registered and the surgical trajectory is planned to avoid damaging the functional cortex and eloquent white matter tracts. By using intraoperative neuronavigation, the tubular retractor (NICO BrainPath®, NICO Corporation, Indianapolis, US), which is designed to split the white matter when gently inserted, is inserted transcortically into the brain to reach the lesion, along the preplanned trajectory. After insertion, the tubular retractor is fixed in place using a self-retaining arm. This creates a narrow corridor that enables the use of the exoscope (for optimum visualization), bimanual dissection technique, and long bayoneted surgical instruments. The large focal distance of the exoscope allows it to be placed sufficiently further away from the surgical site, permitting the passage of long surgical instruments under the scope. Although obtaining surgical access to deep-seated brain lesions is challenging, we consider that this technique facilitates a safe surgical approach for lesions in deep locations.
Identification of Aptamers Against the DNA Template for <i>In Vitro</i> Transcription of the HIV-1 TAR Element (1997)

We have extracted from a random population of about 109 oligodeoxynucleotides a series of 21-mers that are able to bind to a folded DNA 76-mer used as a template for in vitro transcription of the TAR element of the retrovirus HIV-1, by the T7 RNA polymerase. Five aptastrucs, that is, aptamers able to bind to the structure, out of 15 analyzed sequences, share the consensus motif 5‵-PyGGG(TG)PyC, complementary in part to a weak double-stranded region of the target. (The parentheses indicate that either T or G is missing in one of these aptastrucs.) A dissociation constant of about 3 μM was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay for the winner sequence. Interactions between the aptastruc and the target sequences involve more than Watson-Crick base pairing of the consensus octamer. The binding is chemistry dependent. Phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides and 2‵-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides derived from the selected aptastrucs exhibit a weak if any affinity for the target.
ORGANIC SULFUR MECHANISMS: III. A BRIEF INVESTIGATION INTO THE REACTION OF BENZONITRILE OXIDE WITH SULFENES (1966)

not available
New Semiconducting Polymers Based on Benzobisthiadiazole Analogues: Tuning of Charge Polarity in Thin Film Transistors via Heteroatom Substitution (2015)

As one of the most effective molecular design strategies in organic electronics, heteroatom substitution was employed for the first time to study the acceptor variation effects on the optical, electrochemical, molecular assembling, and charge-transport properties of novel semiconducting polymers containing benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-related heterocycles, namely, poly(dithiazolfluorene-alt-thiadiazolobenzotriazole) (PSN), poly(dithiazolfluorene-alt-selenadiazolobenzotriazole) (PSeN), and poly(dithiazolfluorene-alt-selenadiazolobenzothiadiazole) (PSeS). The effect of the heteroatom substitution was clearly shown in the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra in which the substitution of the sulfur (S) and/or nitrogen (N) atoms in PSN with the selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) atoms led to a red-shift in the absorption profile. In addition, the energy levels of these polymers, determined from cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, also varied due to the hetroatom substitution effect. Accordingly, thin film transistors (TFTs) based on these polymers showed different charge transport properties. For example, PSN displayed p-type unipolar performances with a high hole mobility up to 0.65 cm2 V–1 s–1. In contrast, PSeS showed n-type dominant charge transport properties with an electron mobility up to 0.087 cm2 V–1 s–1. Intriguingly, PSeN exhibited ambipolar charge transport properties with balanced μh and μe values. These different charge polarities in the TFTs were correlated to the energy levels, π–π stacking distances, and polymer crystallinities evaluated by their grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) patterns and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. We believe that this simple and effective approach will guide the way to developing high-performance ambipolar and/or n-channel semiconducting polymers for TFTs.
Mucus glycoproteins from cystic fibrotic sputum. Macromolecular properties and structural ‘architecture’ (1991)

Mucus glycoproteins (mucins) were isolated from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) after separation into sol and gel phases. The mucus gel was solubilized with gentle stirring in 6 M-guanidinium chloride supplemented with proteinase inhibitors, and purification of mucins was subsequently achieved by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl/guanidinium chloride. Density-gradient centrifugation also revealed a heterogeneity of the macromolecules, the pattern of which varied between individuals, and mucins from the gel phase was pooled as 'heavy' and 'light' fractions. Gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B showed that the heavy fraction contained a larger proportion of smaller species than the 'light' fraction and that the gel phase mucins were much larger than those from the sol. An apparently homogeneous high-Mr mucin population from one individual contained approx. 70% (w/w) carbohydrate, the major sugars being N-acetylglucosamine (17.8%), N-acetylgalactosamine (6.7%), galactose (20.7%), fucose (13.2%) and sialic acid (11.4%). These mucins had an S020.w of 47 S, and an Mr of 15 x 10(6) -20 x 10(6), and rate-zonal centrifugation revealed a polydisperse size distribution [range (5-30) x 10(6)] with a weight-average Mr of 17 x 10(6). The whole mucins were visualized with electron microscopy as linear and apparently flexible threads, disperse in size. Reduction produced subunits which were included on Sepharose CL-2B, and subsequent trypsin digestion yielded high-Mr glycopeptides which were further retarded. The size distributions and fragmentation patterns of mucin from two other CF patients were the same, as studied by gel chromatography, rate-zonal centrifugation and electron microscopy. We conclude that CF mucins are heterogeneous in both size and buoyant density and that the various populations, though differing in buoyant density, share the same architecture and macromolecular properties and are, in this respect, similar to mucins from normal respiratory secretions [Thornton, Davies, Kraayenbrink, Richardson, Sheehan & Carlstedt (1990) Biochem. J. 265, 179-186] and human cervical mucus [Carlstedt & Sheehan (1989) SEB Symp. XLIII 289-316].