gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Elevated Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Levels on Starch Mobilization in Transgenic Tobacco Leaves in the Dark (1995)

The aim of this work was to study the effect of elevated fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-bisP) levels on carbohydrate metabolism in leaves in the dark. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines containing mammalian 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity there is an inverse relationship between the level of Fru-2,6-bisP in leaves and the rate of starch breakdown in the dark. Estimates of the flux response coefficient for the rate of net starch degradation with respect to changes in Fru-2,6-bisP level are -0.57 for whole leaves and -0.69 to -0.89 for excised leaf discs. We suggest that this decrease in the net rate of starch breakdown is caused, at least in part, by stimulation of unidirectional starch synthesis. Measurements of the levels of metabolic intermediates and the metabolism of [U-14C]glucose indicate that the stimulation of starch synthesis in the dark is a result of high Fru-2,6-bisP levels, increasing the 3-phosphoglycerate:inorganic phosphate ratio in leaves. We argue that the observed response to changes in the level of Fru-2,6-bisP are effected through activation of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase. However, the extent to which changes in Fru-2,6-bisP influence starch metabolism in wild-type plants is not known.
Inorganic Inclusion Chemistry: A Novel Anion Inclusion System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic Inclusion Chemistry: A Novel Anion Inclusion SystemWei Xu, Jadagese J. Vittal, and Richard J. PuddephattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 32, 8362–8371Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00137a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00137a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (5)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. (1995)

Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, a rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium that suppresses several soilborne pathogens of plants, produces the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. A gene necessary for pyrrolnitrin production by Pf-5 was identified as rpoS, which encodes the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma s. Several pleiotropic effects of an rpoS mutation in Escherichia coli also were observed in an RpoS- mutant of Pf-5. These included sensitivities of stationary-phase cells to stresses imposed by hydrogen peroxide or high salt concentration. A plasmid containing the cloned wild-type rpoS gene restored pyrrolnitrin production and stress tolerance to the RpoS- mutant of Pf-5. The RpoS- mutant overproduced pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol, two antibiotics that inhibit growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Pythium ultimum, and was superior to the wild type in suppression of seedling damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum. When inoculated onto cucumber seed at high cell densities, the RpoS- mutant did not survive as well as the wild-type strain on surfaces of developing seedlings. Other stationary-phase-specific phenotypes of Pf-5, such as the production of cyanide and extracellular protease(s) were expressed by the RpoS- mutant, suggesting that sigma s is only one of the sigma factors required for the transcription of genes in stationary-phase cells of P. fluorescens. These results indicate that a sigma factor encoded by rpoS influences antibiotic production, biological control activity, and survival of P. fluorescens on plant surfaces.
Transfer-matrix dynamic model of partly gain-coupled 1.55 μm DFB lasers with a strained-layer MQW active grating (1994)

A dynamic model for partly gain-coupled 1.55 /spl mu/m MQW DFB lasers consisting of etched strained-layer multiquantum wells is presented. For the modulation and noise characteristics of DFB lasers, analytical expressions which take into account both the longitudinal distribution of laser parameters and carrier transport effects are derived for the first time using the transfer-matrix method. As a numerical example, the relaxation oscillation frequency is compared to experimental results, and reasonable agreements are obtained between the theory and experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Full quaternion based attitude control for a quadrotor (2013)

The aim of this article is to present a novel quaternion based control scheme for the attitude control problem of a quadrotor. A quaternion is a hyper complex number of rank 4 that can be utilized to avoid the inherent geometrical singularity when representing rigid body dynamics with Euler angles or the complexity of having coupled differential equations with the Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM). In the presented approach both the quadrotor's attitude model and the proposed non-linear Proportional squared (P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) control algorithm have been implemented in the quaternion space, without any transformations and calculations in the Euler's angle space or DCM. Throughout the article, the merits of the proposed novel approach are being analyzed and discussed, while the efficacy of the suggested novel quaternion based controller are being evaluated by extended simulation results.
A simple approach to the synthesis of BCN graphene with high capacitance (2015)

Boron and nitrogen co-doped graphene (BCN graphene) was prepared through a simple thermal annealing approach in the presence of a single compound, melamine diborate. The as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra and electrochemical techniques. The BCN graphene shows significantly enhanced specific capacitance due to boron and nitrogen co-doping, which permits higher overall doping levels.
Agent based infrastructure for real-time applications (2011)

In this paper we propose a new infrastructure for real-time applications. As a preliminary, we describe basic characteristics of the most popular real-time services like VoIP, videoconferencing, live media streaming, and network multiplayer games. We focus on the end-to-end latency, bandwidth and efficient transmission methods. Next, we present our project concepts, infrastructure model, details of implementation and our testing environment which was designed for testing many aspects of real-time services. The system combines mechanisms for ensuring best possible connection quality (QoS), load balance of servers in infrastructure and gives control over the packet routing decisions. Additionally, provided security mechanisms make it a good choice even in the environment where a high security level is required. The system is based on the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model and data between users is routed over an overlay network, consisting of all participating peers as network nodes. This overlay can by used for application level multicast or live media stream. In the logging process each user is assigned to a specific node (based on his geographic location and nodes load). Because nodes are participating in data transmission, we have control over the data flow route. It is possible to specify the desired route, so, regardless of the external routing protocol, we can avoid paths that are susceptible to eavesdropping. Another feature of the presented system is usage of agents. Each agent acts within the single node. Its main task is to constantly control the quality of transmission. It analyzes such parameters like link bandwidth use, number of lost packets, time interval between each packet etc. The information collected by the agents from all nodes allows to build a dynamic routing table. Every node uses the Dijkstra's algorithm to find the best at the moment route to all other nodes. The routes are constantly modified as a consequence of changes found by agents or updates sent by other nodes. In VoD services agents also analyze popularity of streamed media, which helps build intelligent video cache. To ensure greater security and high reliability of the system, we have provided a reputation mechanism. It is used during bringing up to date the information about possible routes and their quality, given by other nodes. Owing to this solution nodes and routes which are more reliable get higher priority.
Design and optimization of a drivetrain with two-speed transmission for electric delivery step van (2014)

The use of a two-speed transmission in electric delivery step vans to improve performance and efficiency is discussed in this paper. Two important tasks relating to this application are considered. The first task includes the development and optimization of a two-speed transmission, where the gear ratios are used as design variables, while vehicle performance and energy consumption are design objectives. The procedure is based on simulation and optimization. The simulation model and the optimization process are described. The second task includes the estimation of the efficiency and comparison of the performance of an electric step van with a direct drive setup versus the vehicle with the two-speed transmission.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Monoindolyl and Indolocarbazolyl Oxazolones and Imidazolones. (1997)

Eight compounds structurally related to protein kinase C inhibitor MDL 27032 and substituted with indole moieties were synthesized. Their activities towards protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) were determined. Their effect on PKC-mediated contraction of rat tracheal smooth muscle, their antiproliferative activity on two murine tumor cell lines, melanoma B16 and leukemia P388 and their antimicrobial activity on a gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus were also examined. The mammalian and bacterial cell antiproliferative activity, as well as vasorelaxant effect, observed for some of them could not be correlated to PKC or PKA inhibition. Only bulky bis-indolyl compounds exhibited biological activity in these experiments. Rigid indolocarbazoles had the strongest antiproliferative activity.
Global Environmental Governance (2012)

These three volumes are complementary in many ways, particularly with regard to scale of analysis: the Cambridge publication by Delmas and Young adopts the widest lens—a global governance perspective; the Sage book by Mitchell provides an interstate, policy stages framework; and the MIT offering by Biermann and Siebenhuner directs our attention to new empirical data regarding the bureaucracies of nine intergovernmental environmental organizations. The Delmas and Young contribution, Governance for the Environment: New Perspectives, points out that the need for environmental governance is increasing even as confidence in the global capacity to address this need is declining. After a general discussion of the concepts and literatures associated with “governance for sustainable development” by the editors, three chapters outline what the economics, political science, and the management literatures offer in terms of addressing the “governance deficit” and achieving sustainable development. Chapters 5–7 then respond to the decentralizing tendencies associated with neoliberalism and globalizations and discuss the increasingly important roles played by transnational nonstate and market-oriented actors in environmental governance. These chapters make clear that environmental governance must be designed to coincide with specific issue areas and empirical contexts. Public actors, business firms, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) all have roles to play in achieving effective global governance. These chapters are the most cutting-edge aspect of the work.
DEFEASIBILITY (1957)

Journal Article DEFEASIBILITY Get access W. HAAS W. HAAS University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXVI, Issue 264, October 1957, Page 543, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXVI.264.543 Published: 01 October 1957
Apoptosis and Free Radicals (1994)

Necrotic cell death is usually a consequence of extensive insult to the cell, leading to release of intracellular contents and an inflammatory response. Apoptosis, however, is a physiological response to damaging influences that requires sufficient maintenance of homeostasis to allow execution of the pathway. Apoptosis circumvents the induction of an inflammatory response, which can be disadvantageous and, therefore, would be more beneficial than necrosis under many circumstances. The apoptotic response appears complicated and involves many factors, including the mitotic rate, the stage of differentiation, the type and strength of the initiating stimulus, and exogenous factors. Recent evidence, however, implicates free radicals as a causal agent in some types of apoptosis, both physiologically and pathologically.
All-optical time division multiplexing using four-wavemixing (1994)

A new approach to all-optical time-division multiplexing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A 100 GHz 1.547 µm signal is modified by time-delayed 6.3 Gbit/s signals to generate subchannels in a 1.557 µm 100 Gbit/s signal via four-wave mixing.
Preparation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Maltosyl-α-cyclodextrin (1985)

Maltosyl-α-cyclodextrin (6-α-maltosylcyclomaltohexaose, M-CD) was prepared from maltose and α-cyclodextrin by the reverse action of Bacillus pullulanase, and the action of α-amylases on this dextrin was examined. Among α-amylases tested, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris α-amylase (TVA) and Taka-amylase A (TAA) were found to attack the M-CD. Their action pattern on M-CD was studied. These α-amylases cleaved, first the cyclodextrin ring of M-CD, and the branched octasaccharides formed were immediately degraded to form glucose, branched tetraose, or pentaose, though the action pattern was different for TVA and TAA. In addition, TAA also split M-CD into glucose and glucosyl-α-cyclodextrin. Fission products at various stages of the reaction were separated and analyzed by paper chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, their structures were analyzed, and the degradation pattern of M-CD was found.
A novel amplification strategy for genotyping with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2012)

Among numerous available genotyping techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) based methods play a major role in providing high quality genotype data at reasonable costs for research and diagnostics, e.g. for pharmacogenetic applications. Ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to electrospray ionization time-of-flight MS (ICEMS) is, for example, a powerful instrument that allows a direct characterization of complex mixtures of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA fragments. Current limitations of PCR-ICEMS genotyping are mainly concerned with the multiplex PCR set-up. Assay development often requires time-consuming primer design and intensive optimization of PCR conditions. To overcome this restraint, a robust amplification strategy originally combined with arrayed primer extension genotyping was transferred and adapted to ICEMS genotyping. The modifications involved limitation of the primer length, application of two universal sequences and amplification with an appropriate DNA polymerase. To demonstrate the applicability of the novel amplification strategy for ICEMS, a 23-plex pharmacogenetic genotyping assay was developed. After slight optimization steps, an efficient and quantitatively balanced amplification of all targeted markers was achieved, resulting in a convenient characterization of the multiplexed PCR fragments with ICEMS. Expenditure of time, costs and hands-on work associated with assay design and optimization was dramatically lowered compared to previous multiplex PCR-ICEMS assays. The developed 23-plex assay was applied in a pharmacogenetic study including 284 individuals (genotype call rate 99.0%). A total of 399 SNPs were retyped by Sanger sequencing (concordance rate 99.8%). The PCR-ICEMS assay turned out to be an accurate, reliable, cost-effective and a ready-to-use tool for pharmacogenetic genotyping.
THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SKIN SURFACE (1936)

The temperature of the surface of the skin varies with the environmental temperature, with the temperature of the body and with conditions in the skin and in the structures lying beneath it. <h3>VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE SKIN</h3> In a comfortable environment, the temperature of the skin surface varies in different regions of the body. The temperature of the skin surface of the trunk usually varies between 33.5 and 36.9 C. (92.3 and 98.4 F.).<sup>1</sup> The temperature of the skin surface is lower over superficial veins than it is over superficial arteries. It is lower over protruding and markedly curved parts, such as the nose, ears, fingers and toes.<sup>2</sup>The temperature of the skin is higher over muscles than over bone or tendons, over an active organ than over one at rest.<sup>3</sup>As a rule, stout persons (because of their thicker layer of subcutaneous fat) have
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Self-Assembly Process of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (1998)

The distance dependent interaction between polyelectrolyte-covered mica surfaces in aqueous solution was investigated with the surface forces apparatus. We find the following: (i) The surface charge changes sign, when an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte from a concentrated polyelectrolyte solution is adsorbed. (ii) Tails and loops of the adsorbed polyions dangle into the bulk phase, inducing a small steric force. If polycations and poyanions are adsorbed on top of each other, a strong short range attractive force is seen due to ion-pair formation after crossing a large repulsive electrostatic/steric barrier. (iii) Obviously, after polyelectrolyte adsorption, there are still nonoccupied binding places (point charges) on the substrate. We show that these adsorption properties regulate the build-up of polyelectrolyte multilayers: Ion pairs between oppositely charged polyion segments and the substrate are formed, until the surface charge is inversed. The electrostatic barrier limits the adsorbed amount, guarantees the equal thickness of consecutively adsorbed layers, and furthermore causes a strong adsorption hysteresis, which leads to conveniently stable polyelectrolyte multilayers in various environmental conditions.
Comparative potencies of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) analogues as inhibitors of [<sup>3</sup>H]noradrenaline and [<sup>3</sup>H]5‐HT transport in mammalian cell lines (2007)

This study provides an important insight into the structural requirements of MDMA analogue affinity at both NET and SERT. It is anticipated that these results will facilitate understanding of the likely pharmacological actions of structural analogues of MDMA.
Decarboxylative Condensation. α-Alkylcinnamic Acids from Aromatic Aldehydes and Alkylmalonic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecarboxylative Condensation. α-Alkylcinnamic Acids from Aromatic Aldehydes and Alkylmalonic Acids1Walter J. Gensler and Elliot BermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 18, 4949–4954Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01551a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01551a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views612Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunohistochemistry of Complement Response on Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Biopsies (1996)

The goal of the study was to characterize the complement humoral and cellular antitumor responses on primary renal cell carcinoma biopsies. As an original observation, complement activation was found on 11/22 cases. Classical complement pathway activation was characterized by tumor C1q complement protein and IgG deposition (5/22 cases). Alternative or nonimmune complement pathway activation was seen as tissue deposition of C3 (6/22 cases). The membrane attack complex was present in cases with alternative complement pathway activation at the sites of tumor necrosis. Renal cell carcinomas with complement activation overexpressed at least one of the complement regulatory factors (membrane cofactor protein, decay accelerating factor, membrane attack complex inhibitor) and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were present in most of the renal cell carcinomas with complement activation (8/11). However, the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was correlated with the intensity of major histo-compatibility complex-II expression in 18/22 cases. Detection of complement activation and immune cell infiltrates on renal cell carcinoma primary biopsies may serve as a new predictive factor for immunotherapy.
Layer net: a new self-organizing network protocol (2002)

A protocol is proposed for the generation and operation of a self-organizing multihop radio network, which is capable of creating its own topology and transmission schedules dynamically and in a distributed manner. The protocol commences operation in a random-access mode of operation and then gradually switches over to a synchronous schedules mode of operation. The protocol was simulated up to the end of the scheduling phase. This included the generation of node positions, tree formation, addition of links and the scheduling of these links. The percentage increase in average hop distance between nodes in the generated network over the fully connected network (the network with all possible links between physical neighbors) was found to vary between 10% to 15%. Empirically, it appears that a schedule length that is twice the maximum degree is sufficient to allow the distributed generation of a conflict-free schedule.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>