gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time image-guided direct convective perfusion of intrinsic brainstem lesions (2007)

Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that convection-enhanced delivery (CED) can be used to perfuse the brain and brainstem with therapeutic agents while simultaneously tracking their distribution using coinfusion of a surrogate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging tracer. The authors describe a technique for the successful clinical application of this drug delivery and monitoring paradigm to the brainstem. Two patients with progressive intrinsic brainstem lesions (one with Type 2 Gaucher disease and one with a diffuse pontine glioma) were treated with CED of putative therapeutic agents mixed with Gd-diethylenetriamene pentaacetic acid (DTPA). Both patients underwent frameless stereotactic placement of MR imaging-compatible outer guide-inner infusion cannulae. Using intraoperative MR imaging, accurate cannula placement was confirmed and real-time imaging during infusion clearly demonstrated progressive filling of the targeted region with the drug and Gd-DTPA infusate. Neither patient had clinical or imaging evidence of short- or long-term infusate-related toxicity. Using this technique, CED can be used to safely perfuse targeted regions of diseased brainstem with therapeutic agents. Coinfused imaging surrogate tracers can be used to monitor and control the distribution of therapeutic agents in vivo. Patients with a variety of intrinsic brainstem and other central nervous system disorders may benefit from a similar treatment paradigm.
Research on a Normal File Encryption and Decryption (2011)

The advent of information technology (internet) some decades ago has brought about many changes in the way information is being disseminated and exchanged between people, between nations and as well in the whole world. Long ago, the issue of information "theft" has evolved worldwide and concerns about how to remediate it are getting the attention of experts in the area of Information Security. Today, with the current proliferation of some newly invented methods in cryptanalysis it is obvious that information security is the panacea. In this paper, our strategy used is to apply the encryption methods of the AES and MD5 following some steps in the encryption process in order to produce an outcome of file that will as a result be hashed and strongly decrypted through the robust software for file storing. The most important aspect of our application is the intervention of those elements in the process of the encryption to produce an interwoven hashed result which can escape the tricks of malicious operations by eavesdroppers. Results of the encryption have shown that the software can provide a large scale of file encryption since binary, text and any other file type can be encrypted successfully.
Computer-aided interpretation of ECG signals using polynomial regression methods (1989)

Using polynomial regression methods this paper introduces a new approach to computer-aided interpretation of the ECG. An algorithm is presented for the identification and separation of ECG segments. The method of interpretation is efficient and its results are consistent and reliable.
Social and Cultural Impacts (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanisms of Transportation Impacts on the Social and Cultural Environments Target Facilities and Groups, and Performance Measures Equity and Environmental Justice Concerns Procedure for Social and Cultural Impact Assessment Tools for Sociocultural Impact Assessment Mitigation of Adverse Sociocultural Impacts Legislation Related to Sociocultural Impacts Summary Exercises References Additional Resources
Analysis of the impurities in industrial ε‐caprolactam. Hypothesis of formation (1981)

Abstract Analysis of an industrial ε‐caprolactam by gas–liquid chromatography has been carried out using different stationary phases and operating conditions. The impurities in the ε‐caprolactam are identified and hypotheses about their formation are presented. In some cases the presence either in cyclohexane or cyclohexanone of the possible impurity‐producing compounds is shown.
17—AN ANALYSIS OF THE AIR-JET YARN-TEXTURING PROCESS PART III: FILAMENT BEHAVIOUR DURING TEXTURING (1986)

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of the Textile Institute in 1986, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008608658416
A 1.74.12 mm<sup>3</sup> Fully Integrated pH Sensor for Implantable Applications using Differential Sensing and Drift-Compensation (2019)

This paper presents a $1.7 \times 4.1 \times 2$ mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> pH sensor that is a fully integrated, stand-alone and implantable system. Instead of a bulky cm size Ag/AgCl electrode, we use a mm-size integrated platinum electrode, and differential sensing using ISFET and REFET pair to compensate for unstable fluid potential. We also propose a drift compensation technique in which the leakage from the source and drain through the gate oxide is canceled, reducing drift $> 100 \times $.
The <i>in‐vitro</i> degradation of poly(glycolic acid) sutures — effect of pH (1981)

Tensile strength of poly(glycolic acid) suture (PGA) of size 2-0 was examined as a function of three pH levels, 5.25, 7.44, and 10.09 of the buffer. Cord and yarn grip was used to eliminate grip-induced failure of breaking strength tests. It was found that Dexon sutures degraded significantly faster in pH = 10.09 buffer than the other two lower pH buffers. There was no significant difference in degradation rate at pH = 5.25 and 7.44. At 7 days, PGA sutures lost almost half of its original tensile strength at pH = 10.09, while the same sutures still remained more than 95% of their original breaking strength at buffers of pH = 5.25 and 7.44. After 21 days, no trace of sutures could be detected in the buffer of pH = 10.09 while about 20% strength still remained in the buffers of pH = 7.44 and 5.25. Cage effect in the crystalline phase and pH dependent hydrogen bonding were introduced to explain the difference in degradation phenomenon of PGA at buffers of various pH.
49 The Annual Global Economic Burden of Heart Failure (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> As the global problem of heart failure (HF) increases, there is also the significant economic burden of disease to be considered. It is vital for authorities to have an estimate of the costs attributed to HF, as they will have to plan, predict and finance the care of a rapidly growing and ageing global population. HF imposes both direct costs to healthcare systems and indirect costs to society through morbidity, unpaid care costs, premature mortality and lost productivity. The global economic burden of HF is not known. <h3>Methods</h3> We estimated the overall cost of HF in 2012, in both direct and indirect terms, across the globe.A literature review of studies assessing the crude prevalence rates and economic burden of HF was performed. Data from government department of health documents, professional society reports and non-profit organisation reports were also included. HF costs analyses were converted from local currency into US dollars at the mean annual exchange rate for the year of study and expressed as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) and total healthcare spend. Using World Bank data, these proportional values were used to interpolate the economic cost of HF for countries of the world where no published data exists. Indirect costs were expressed as a percentage of GDP rather than total health expenditure, to better reflect the lost productivity through morbidity, premature mortality and welfare impact on others outside of allocated healthcare funds. Countries were categorised according to their level of economic development to investigate global patterns of spending. <h3>Results</h3> 197 countries were included in the analysis, covering 98.7% of the world’s population. Published economic estimates were predominantly from the USA, Europe and Australasia, with a resultant heavy bias towards high-income (n = 12) versus middle and low-income (n = 1) countries of study. The overall economic cost of HF in 2012 was estimated at $108 billion per annum. Direct costs accounted for ~60% ($65 billion) and indirect costs accounted for ~40% ($43 billion) of the overall spend. Global per capita spending in 2012 was approximately $24/annum. HF spending varied widely between high-income and middle and low-income countries.High-income countries spent a greater proportion on direct costs: a pattern reversed for middle and low-income countries. A gross imbalance in terms of per capita spending between world economic regions reflects a situation where the global majority of patients with HF are unable to access optimal HF care. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study defines the global economic impact of HF. It provides a benchmark value intended to develop understanding of the impact of HF outside of the conventional framework of mortality and morbidity. HF imposes a huge economic burden, estimated at $108 billion per annum. With an ageing, rapidly expanding and industrialising global population this value will continue to rise.
Anatomical Distribution and Postnatal Changes in Endogenous Free D‐Aspartate and D‐Serine in Rat Brain and Periphery (1995)

We have investigated the anatomical distribution and postnatal development of D-aspartate and D-serine in the rat brain and periphery using HPLC techniques. D-Serine was confined predominantly to the brain throughout postnatal life. At birth, a substantial quantity of D-serine was observed throughout the brain areas. The cerebral D-serine content increased from birth to postnatal week (PW) 3 and remained constant thereafter, whereas the cerebellar D-serine content peaked at PW1. In contrast, the transient emergence of D-aspartate was found in almost all brain and peripheral organs. A substantial quantity of D-aspartate was also seen in all brain areas at birth, whereas the D-aspartate content in the cerebrum and cerebellum decreased dramatically by PW1 and 7 respectively. Further, the D-aspartate content and the ratio of D-aspartate to total aspartate were highest in the adrenal at PW3 (608 +/- 70 nmol/g, 45.9%) and in the testis at PW14 (221 +/- 7 nmol/g, 57.8%) respectively. Because D-serine potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated transmission through the strychnine-insensitive glycine site and because D-serine exhibits an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related distribution and development, D-serine may be a tenable candidate for an intrinsic ligand for the glycine site. In contrast, because the periods of maximal emergence of D-aspartate in the brain and periphery occur during critical periods of morphological and functional maturation of organs, D-aspartate could participate in the regulation of these developmental processes of organs.
The Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Analogs of Citrinin and Dihydrocitrinin (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Analogs of Citrinin and DihydrocitrininHarold H. Warren, Gregg Dougherty, and Everett S. WallisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 14, 3812–3815Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01571a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01571a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Keeping CRISPR/Cas on-Target (2016)

CRISPR/Cas, a microbial adaptive immune system, has recently been reshaped as a versatile genome editing approach, endowing genome engineering with high efficiency and robustness. The DNA endonuclease Cas, a component of CRISPR system, is directed to specific target within genomes by guide RNA (gRNA) and performs gene editing function. However, the system is still in its infancy and facing enormous challenges such as off-target mutation. Lots of attempts have been made to overcome such off-targeting and proven to be effective. In this review we focused on recent progress of increasing the CRISPR specificity realized by rational design of gRNA and modification of Cas9 endonuclease. Meanwhile the methods to screen off-target mutation and their effects are also discussed. Comprehensive consideration and rational design to reduce off-target mutation and selection of effective screening assay will greatly facilitate to achieve successful CRISPR/Cas system mediated gene editing.
Studies on gonococcus infection. VIII. 125Iodine labeling of gonococci and studies on their in vitro interactions with eukaryotic cells (1975)

Intact gonococci (GC) have been labeled with 125iodine by the lactoperoxidase plus hydrogen peroxide procedure. The specific activities of types 2, 4, and 4 GC have been determined and are found to show small differences as follows: T4 greater than T2 greater than T4. 125I-labeled GC have been studied for their associations with both leukocytes and tissue culture cells. 125I-labeled GCshow the following relative order of association with the leukocytes: T2 equals T4* greater than T4. This contrasts with the relative degree of interaction between the GC and tissue culture cells, which follows the relative order: T2 greater than T4 equals T4*. Trypsin pretreatment of GC markedly reduces the association of all three types (T2, T4 AND T4*) with leukocytes but does not alter the level of attachment of any of the gonococcal types with tissue culture cells.
Iron conservation by reduction of metalloenzyme inventories in the marine diazotroph <i>Crocosphaera watsonii</i> (2011)

The marine nitrogen fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are a major source of nitrogen to open ocean ecosystems and are predicted to be limited by iron in most marine environments. Here we use global and targeted proteomic analyses on a key unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii to reveal large scale diel changes in its proteome, including substantial variations in concentrations of iron metalloproteins involved in nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, as well as nocturnal flavodoxin production. The daily synthesis and degradation of enzymes in coordination with their utilization results in a lowered cellular metalloenzyme inventory that requires ∼40% less iron than if these enzymes were maintained throughout the diel cycle. This strategy is energetically expensive, but appears to serve as an important adaptation for confronting the iron scarcity of the open oceans. A global numerical model of ocean circulation, biogeochemistry and ecosystems suggests that Crocosphaera's ability to reduce its iron-metalloenzyme inventory provides two advantages: It allows Crocosphaera to inhabit regions lower in iron and allows the same iron supply to support higher Crocosphaera biomass and nitrogen fixation than if they did not have this reduced iron requirement.
Dose-response analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An historical perspective (1982)

Historical review of 118 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated in our institution from 1950--1978 showed a 20% improvement in tumor control for patients irradiated during the most recent period (1974--1978). This improvement was attributed to prescription of higher doses of radiation as well as improvements in technical accuracy and dose delivery to the tumor during that period. Rates of severe and mild complications were comparable and survival was not significantly altered over time despite improved tumor control. Within the range of doses delivered, there was no improvement in tumor control with increasing doses of radiation for small or large nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The dose-response analysis for tumor control was less than ideal because a number of prerequisites were lacking and because the study extended over a 28-year span during which there were significant changes in technology and physician orientation.
Structures and properties of new zeolite X-type zincophosphate and beryllophosphate molecular sieves (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures and properties of new zeolite X-type zincophosphate and beryllophosphate molecular sievesWilliam T. A. Harrison, Thurman E. Gier, Kelly L. Moran, Jacqueline M. Nicol, Hellmut Eckert, and Galen D. StuckyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 1, 27–29Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00013a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research hypotheses on muscle wasting, aging, loss of function and disability. (1998)

Advancing age is accompanied by modifications in body composition such as increase in fat and decrease in bone and muscle mass. Loss of muscle mass or sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in the total number of muscle fibers, a reduced cross-sectional area of the thigh, and decreased muscle density associated with increased intramuscular fat. Loss of skeletal muscle mass may be a common pathway by which multiple diseases contribute to the risk of disability. Decreases in muscle mass are associated with an increased risk of morbidity, mortality and disability in old age, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. Inflammatory cytokines interfere with muscle contraction and are linked with sarcopenia. Recent evidence showing that decline in left ventricular function is accompanied by sarcopenia and an increase in cytokines might help to understand the role of cytokines in muscle loss in aging and disease. The Health and Body Changes (Health ABC) study, a large population-based cohort study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, will prospectively address the issues related to sarcopenia and incident disability. Defining modifiable risk factors of sarcopenia is the first step towards the identification of interventions for preventing or reversing disability in older persons.
Drag, dags and the suburban surreal (1995)

On the eve of its centenary, Australian cinema has finally entered a golden age. Gone is the immaturity of the past. No longer do our movies cower behind the cultural cringe. We are proud and free, we rejoice in our Australianness. What's more, so does the rest of the world.
Light-induced oxygen incision of C60 (1993)

Light-induced opening of the fullerene C60 cage due to reaction with excited molecular oxygen (1O2) generated via C60 triplet energy transfer with 3O2 has been studied in thin films by differential IR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and quantum chemical simulation.
Equation for the Speed of Sound in Sea Water (1960)

An equation is given for the speed of sound in sea water. The experimental data used to determine this equation were obtained in the temperature, pressure, and salinity ranges −4°C &lt;T &lt;30°C, 1 kg/cm2 &lt;P &lt;1000 kg/cm2, and 0‰ &lt;S &lt;3‰. The standard deviation of the experimental data was found to be 0.30 m/sec.
Similarity-based queries (1995)

Article Similarity-based queries Share on Authors: H. V. Jagadish AT&T Bell Laboratories AT&T Bell LaboratoriesView Profile , Alberto O. Mendelzon University of Toronto University of TorontoView Profile , Tova Milo University of Toronto and Tel-Aviv University University of Toronto and Tel-Aviv UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODS '95: Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systemsMay 1995 Pages 36–45https://doi.org/10.1145/212433.212444Online:22 May 1995Publication History 94citation525DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations94Total Downloads525Last 12 Months21Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Static Capacitance Calculations for a Surface Acoustic Wave Interdigital Transducer in Multilayered Media (1978)

The static capacitance of an interdigital structure in multi-Iayered media has been calculated. Numerical results are given for a surface acoustic wave interdigital transducer on an oxidized silicon substrate with a piezoelectric overlay. The capacitance is derived in terms of the layer thicknesses for zero and infinite substrate resistivity.
Emission of TEM waves generated within an <i>n</i> type Ge cavity (1970)

Observations of microwave emission from n type Ge at 77 K are reported. These differ from earlier observations in that they are produced by a transverse electromagnetic wave propagating across the electric field which is used to bias the specimen into n.d.c.
The new IR and THz FEL facility at the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin (2015)

A mid-infrared oscillator FEL has been commissioned at the Fritz Haber Institute. The accelerator consists of a thermionic gridded gun, a subharmonic buncher, and two S-band standing-wave copper structures. It provides a final electron energy adjustable from 15 to 50 MeV, low longitudinal (< 50 keV ps) and transverse emittance (< 20 πmm mrad), at more than 200 pC bunch charge with a micro-pulse repetition rate of 1 GHz and a macro-pulse length of up to 15 <i>µ</i>s. Pulsed radiation with up to 100 mJ macro-pulse energy at about 0.5% FWHM bandwidth is routinely produced in the wavelength range from 4 to 48 <i>µ</i>m. A characterization of the FEL performance in terms of pulse energy, bandwidth, and micro-pulse shape of the IR radiation is given. In addition, selected user results are presented. These include, for instance, spectroscopy of bio-molecules (peptides and small proteins) either conformer selected by ion mobility spectrometry or embedded in superfluid helium nano-droplets at 0.4 K, as well as vibrational spectroscopy of mass-selected metal-oxide clusters and protonated water clusters in the gas phase.