gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aortic Incompetence: The Eventual Outcome in a Small Series Treated with Hufnagel's Descending Aorta Ball-Valve (1970)

Before the open-heart surgery era, 5 patients with severe AI had a Hufnagel ball-valve inserted into their descending aorta. Four survived operation, but there were two early deaths. The remaining two initially improved, but later their cardiac condition deteriorated. One was, furthermore, badly incapacitated by the noise from his valve. Re-operations were performed about a decade later. One died after the removal of his aortic valve and insertion of a Starr-valve. The cause of death was uræmia initiated by thrombosis of the aorta distal to the Hufnagel-valve, i.e. at the level of the renal arteries. The last patient had his aortic valve replaced by a Starr-valve and, 10 weeks later, his Hufnagel-valve removed. The continuity of the descending aorta was re-established by means of a Teflon-graft. He is fit and well and—kto our knowledge—the only published case still living after radical correction of AI following a previous Hufnagel procedure.
Sparse Redundant Formulations And Non-Negativity In Blind Source Separation (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Dragonfly Wing and Body Motion during Voluntary Take-off (2018)

We present a detailed analysis of the voluntary take-off procedure of a dragonfly. The motions of the body and wings are recorded using two high-speed cameras at Beihang University. The experimental results show that the dragonfly becomes airborne after approximately one wingbeat and then leaves the ground. During this process, the maximum vertical acceleration could reach 20 m/s<sup>2</sup>. Evidence also shows that acceleration is generated only by the aerodynamic force induced by the flapping of wings. The dragonfly voluntary take-off procedure is divided into four phases with distinctive features. The variation in phase difference between the forewing and hindwing and angle of attack in the down-stroke are calculated to explain the different features of the four phases. In terms of the key parameters of flapping, the phase difference increases from approximately 0 to 110 degrees; the angle of attack in down-stroke reaches the maximum at first and then decreases in the following take-off procedure. Due to experimental limitations, 2-D simulations are conducted using the immersed boundary method. The results indicate that the phase difference and the angle of attack are highly correlated with the unsteady fluid field around the dragonfly's wings and body, which determines the generation of aerodynamic forces.
Head-to-Head Comparison of <sup>11</sup>C-PiB and <sup>18</sup>F-AZD4694 (NAV4694) for β-Amyloid Imaging in Aging and Dementia (2013)

(18)F-AZD4694 displays imaging characteristics nearly identical to those of (11)C-PiB. The low white matter and high cortical binding in AD indicate that this tracer is well suited to both clinical and research use.
Neighbor current ratio (NCR): a new metric for I/sub DDQ/ data analysis (2003)

I/sub DDQ/ test loses its effectiveness for deep sub-micron chips since it cannot distinguish between faulty and fault free currents. The concept of current ratios, in which the ratio of maximum to minimum I/sub DDQ/ is used to screen faulty chips, has been previously proposed. The neighboring chips on a wafer have similar fault free properties and are correlated. In this paper, the use of spatial correlation in combination with current ratios is investigated. By differentiating chips based on their nonconformance to local I/sub DDQ/ variation, outliers are identified. The analysis of SEMATECH data is presented.
β‐Galactosidase Activity as a Biomarker of Replicative Senescence during the Course of Human Fibroblast Cultures (2007)

It has been called into question whether the commonly used beta-galactosidase staining is a reliable biomarker of cellular senescence because induction of beta-galactosidase activity also occurs independently of senescence. Here, we tested whether cytochemically detectable beta-galactosidase activity is reproducible and reflects the rate of cellular aging in vitro. Therefore, we serially cultured fibroblasts from 12 different donors and stained the cells for beta-galactosidase at pH 6 until the onset of the permanent growth arrest of the individual cultures. All fibroblast strains displayed a high replicative capacity with a similar growth pattern during the exponential growth phase and a very high interbiopsy variability in the onset of decreased mitotic activity and in the onset of growth arrest. Correspondingly, beta-galactosidase activity was low during the exponential growth phase, with an individually defined significant increase in activity when the growth speed of the culture decreased. The increase in beta-galactosidase activity was a better predictor for the onset of the decreased growth speed than the chronological life span of the culture expressed in population doublings. Within the phase of decreased mitotic activity, we observed a high fluctuation in the percentage of positively stained fibroblasts. Thus, our results support beta-galactosidase activity as a reliable biomarker for the course of replicative senescence, if used under defined standardized conditions.
Printed Circuit Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines: A Comparative Analysis of Their PCB Topologies and Performance Characteristics (2018)

The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed comparison of three stator topologies for wave-type printed circuit board (PCB) winding axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMSMs). This comparison is performed based on the generated back electromotive force (EMF), winding inductances, and torque production capabilities of these machines. Three topologies are investigated, overlapping radial wave, non-overlapping radial wave, and overlapping parallel wave PCB windings. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is used for these investigations.
Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity (2010)

Obesity and its metabolic consequences are a major public health concern worldwide. Obesity is associated with overactivity of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in the regulation of appetite, lipogenesis, and insulin resistance. Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic abnormalities in experimental and human obesity, but their therapeutic potential is limited by neuropsychiatric side effects. Here we have demonstrated that a CB1R neutral antagonist largely restricted to the periphery does not affect behavioral responses mediated by CB1R in the brains of mice with genetic or diet-induced obesity, but it does cause weight-independent improvements in glucose homeostasis, fatty liver, and plasma lipid profile. These effects were due to blockade of CB1R in peripheral tissues, including the liver, as verified through the use of CB1R-deficient mice with or without transgenic expression of CB1R in the liver. These results suggest that targeting peripheral CB1R has therapeutic potential for alleviating cardiometabolic risk in obese patients.
Synthesis of polyfunctional fatty amines from sophorolipid‐derived 17‐hydroxy oleic acid (2006)

Abstract A series of mono‐ and diamines and one triamine have been prepared using methyl 17‐hydroxy oleate as the common starting material. The 17‐hydroxy oleate is an abundant bioderived material obtained from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, which in turn are produced by fermentation of agricultural by‐products. Incorporation of the amino unit(s) can be selectively performed at either end of the chain or at its middle. The chief synthetic reactions used are allylic bromination, Curtius rearrangement, and the Mitsunobu reaction. These fatty amines also possess functionality such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, and C−C double bonds. The amines are isolated in protected form using a variety of protecting groups, the identities of which can be selected on the basis of the intended use of the amine. These novel compounds will be of interest in the preparation of highly functionalized polymers and surfactants, among other areas.
Chiral Metallacyclophanes:  Self-Assembly, Characterization, and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis (2004)

[structure: see text] A family of chiral metallacyclophanes has been readily assembled based on robust Pt-acetylide linkage and characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The steric congestion around the chiral dihydroxy groups in rigid metallacyclophane 4 prevents their reactions with Ti(O(i)()Pr)(4) to form active catalysts for enantioselective diethylzinc additions to aromatic aldehydes. In contrast, chiral dihydroxy groups in more flexible unclosed metallacyclophane 5 are effective ligands for enantioselective catalytic diethylzinc additions to aromatic aldehydes.
Coding in the Block-Erasure Channel (2006)

We study an M-ary block-erasure channel with B blocks, where with probability ε a block of L coded symbols is erased. We study the behavior of the error probability of coded systems over such channels, and show that, if the code is diversitywise maximum-distance separable, its word error probability is equal to the outage probability, which admits a very simple expression. This paper is intended to complement the error probability analysis in previous work by Lapidoth and shed some light on the design of coding schemes for nonergodic channels.
Generalized predictive trellis coded quantization of speech (2003)

Trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) is incorporated into a generalized predicted (noise feedback) structure for encoding sampled speech. Adaptive residual encoding and adaptive prediction are used to obtain signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in the range of 17.5 to 21.5 dB for encoding sampled speech with 2 bits/sample (16 kb/s). Spectral noise shaping is achieved with this coding structure by using a bandwidth-expanded version of the predictor as a noise feedback filter. This has the effect of reducing the SNR of the encoding by a small amount but improving the perceptual quality of the reconstructed speech. The result is of excellent communications quality. A modified Viterbi algorithm is used for the trellis search to allow flexibility in the choice of symbol release rule. The effects of varying the encoding delay and the number of symbols released per trace-back on system performance and complexity are investigated. It is shown that excellent SNR performance can be obtained with modest encoding delays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 25-kD inhibitor of actin polymerization is a low molecular mass heat shock protein. (1991)

The 25-kD inhibitor of actin polymerization (25-kD IAP), isolated from turkey smooth muscle (Miron, T., M. Wilchek, and B. Geiger, 1988. Eur. J. Biochem. 178:543-553), is shown here to be a low molecular mass heat shock protein (HSP). Direct sequence analysis of the purified protein, as well as cloning and sequencing of the respective cDNA, disclosed a high degree of homology (67% identity, 80% similarity) to the human 27-kD HSP. Southern blot of chicken genomic DNA disclosed one band, suggesting the presence of a single gene, and Northern blot analysis revealed abundant transcript of approximately 1 kb in gizzard and heart tissues and lower amounts in total 18-d chick embryo RNA and in cultured fibroblasts. Exposure of the latter cells to 45 degrees C resulted in over 15-fold increase in the apparent level of the 25-kD IAP protein, confirming that its expression is regulated by heat shock. Immunofluorescent microscopic localization indicated that after heat treatment, the levels of the 25-kD IAP were markedly increased and the protein was apparently associated with cytoplasmic granules. Heat shock also had a transient, yet prominent, effect on the microfilament system in cultured fibroblasts: stress fibers disintegrated within 10-15 min after incubation at 45 degrees C, yet upon further incubation at the elevated temperature, conspicuous actin bundles were apparently reformed.
Description and Evaluation of a Four-Channel, Coherent 100-kHz Sidescan Sonar (2004)

This report documents the design and features of a new, four-channel, coherent 100-kHz sidescan sonar system developed in a collaboration between Defence R&D Canada-Atlantic and the Institute of Ocean Sciences (Fisheries & Ocean Canada). This system supports four separate 100-kHz sidescan transducers, with coherent in-phase and quadrature sampling of each channel at 20,000 samples per second. The system has the capability to transmit uncoded, phase-modulated Barker-coded, and swept-FM (chirp) pulse types, with user selectable pulse-lengths up to 10 ms. As part of the acceptance tests, several sidescan sonar applications were demonstrated, including conventional and multi-aspect-angle sidescan, seabed bathymetry through interferometric processing, and the use of chirp pulses. The primary tests were conducted from a small boat in the vicinity of Esquimalt, B.C., in April, 2002. The relatively large horizontal beam-width (3 degrees) of the transducers was found to provide insufficient along-track resolution for reliable seabed mine detection, particularly when compared to very high-frequency imaging sonars such as the Klein 5500. However, the sonar demonstrated a much greater operational range, in excess of 200 m per side. The use of port and starboard interferometric dipoles was able to map the across-track seabed slope at ranges up to 200 m in roughly 20 m water depth. Measured backscatter frequency spectra were found to have nearly identical frequency content to reference chirp-pulse spectra.
That impish TIMP: the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (2001)

untrammeled digestion does not destroy critical tissues. Most MMPs are made only upon demand and in low levels; they are secreted as proenzymes in which a cysteine residue of the propeptide binds to and inactivates the active-site zinc. Most importantly, there is a group of five TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) that are each capable of inhibiting almost every member of the MMP family. The TIMPs are small proteins of about 21,000 Da that contain two domains: N-terminal and C-terminal. Each domain contains three disulfide bridges, making the TIMPs quite stable. Most of the biological functions discovered so far reside in the N-terminal domain of about 125 residues (5). Normally, the TIMPs are in delicate balance with the MMPs and matrix is digested in a highly regulated fashion. However, there are many disease processes in which MMP levels are elevated without a concomitant increase in TIMPs, leading to an imbalance and the resultant destruction of tissues. Some wellknown examples include the loss of cartilage matrix in osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis, the rupture of the plaque cap in atherosclerosis, and the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells (6). A surprising feature of the TIMPs is
Serum matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels identifies poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer patients (2007)

Metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion and dissemination, and is secreted to the media. Because of the close implication of MMP-7 in cancer biology, we sought to define the prognostic significance of serum levels of MMP-7 in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore its possible impact in the daily clinical practice. MMP-7 expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. We assessed serum MMP-7 levels in 87 healthy controls, 96 patients with nonmetastatic CRC and 120 patients with advanced CRC. Clinical information was gathered from patient files. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess survival. MMP-7 and the variables associated with prognosis were entered and a backward elimination method was employed to adjust the model. Inclusion criteria was p </= 0.05 and exclusion criteria was p >/= 0.10. Advanced CRC patients have a significant higher mean serum MMP-7 levels (13.4 ng/ml) than those in nonmetastatic CRC (5.5 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and healthy controls (4.2 ng/ml; p < 0.001). In metastatic patients, after adjusting for other prognostic variables, MMP-7 (entered as a continuous variable) is associated with decreased survival (HR 1.016, IC 95% 1.002-1.031). Serum MMP-7 levels are significantly elevated in patients with advanced CRC. In conclusion, MMP-7 is an independent prognostic factor for survival in advanced CRC. In our sample, the risk of death associated to MMP-7 increase is much higher than the risk of death associated to lactate dehydrogenase elevation.
Application of InAs Freestanding Membranes to Electromechanical Systems (2002)

International audience
Light-Driven Cone Arrestin Translocation in Cones of Postnatal Guanylate Cyclase-1 Knockout Mouse Retina Treated with AAV-GC1 (2006)

AAV-mediated expression of GC1 in a subpopulation of cone cells in postnatal GC1 knockout retina restores light-driven translocation of cone arrestin in these cells. These findings, which show that fully developed cone cells that have developed in the absence of GC1 can respond to viral-mediated expression of this enzyme, support further analysis of this animal model of Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a disease that results from null mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme.
4% Efficient Polymer Solar Cells on Paper Substrates (2014)

Lightweight, biodegradable, and inexpensive materials are desirable to enable low-cost photovoltaics. Paper fulfills these requirements and is compatible with standard roll-to-roll printing processes. Here we report 4% efficient organic solar cells fabricated on paper substrates with a zinc-coating acting as the back contact and evaporated MoO3/Ag/MoO3 semitransparent top electrodes. We demonstrate that the rough surface of paper does not preclude its use in high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
Effects of <i>o</i>-Methoxy Groups on the Properties and Thermal Stability of Renewable High-Temperature Cyanate Ester Resins (2015)

Renewable phenols derived from biomass sources often contain methoxy groups that alter the properties of derivative polymers. To evaluate the impact of o-methoxy groups on the performance characteristics of cyanate ester resins, three bisphenols derived from the renewable phenol creosol were deoxygenated by conversion to ditriflates followed by palladium-catalyzed elimination and hydrolysis of the methoxy groups. The deoxygenated bisphenols were then converted to the following cyanate ester resins: bis(4-cyanato-2-methylphenyl)methane (16), 4,4′-(ethane-1,1′-diyl)bis(1-cyanato-3-methylbenzene) (17), and 4,4′-(propane-1,1′-diyl)bis(1-cyanato-3-methylbenzene) (18). The physical properties, cure chemistry, and thermal stability of these resins were evaluated and compared to those of cyanate esters derived from the oxygenated bisphenols. 16 and 18 had melting points 37 and >95 °C lower, respectively, than the oxygenated versions, while 17 had a melting point 14 °C higher. The Tg's of thermosets generated from the deoxygenated resins ranged from 267 to 283 °C, up to 30 °C higher than the oxygenated resins, while the onset of thermal degradation was 50–80 °C higher. The deoxygenated resins also exhibited water uptakes up to 43% lower and wet Tgs up to 37 °C higher than the oxygenated resins. TGA-FTIR of thermoset networks derived from 16–18 revealed a different decomposition mechanism compared to the oxygenated resins. Instead of a low-temperature pathway that resulted in the evolution of phenolic compounds, 16–18 had significantly higher char yields and decomposed via evolution of small molecules including isocyanic acid, CH4, CO2, and NH3.
Linearization of LED Nonlinearity by Predistortions (1978)

Light-emitting diode (LED) nonlinear differential gain (DG) and differential phase (DP) were measured, since they are important performance factors in video signal transmission. Typical, experimentally measured temperature dependence of DG and DP is also presented. A linearizing method for minimizing LED DG and DP distortions, using predistortion, is proposed and experimentally examined. With this technique, and with precise adjustment of the predistortion circuits, the DG of a typical LED was improved from 12.5 percent to less than 1 percent, and the DP from 2.8/spl deg/ to 1/spl deg/.This corresponds to an improvement in second and third-order harmonic distortions of 19 dB and 21 dB, respectively. DG and DP were measured with respect to the 3.58-MHz color subcarrier frequency superimposed on the 15.75-kHz horizontal scanning sawtooth wave. The linearization stability with regard to temperature variation was lowered to be less than 1-percent DG and 1/spl deg/ DP in the temperature range from 15 to 45/spl deg/C.
Guided-wave optical wavelength demultiplexer using an asymmetric <i>Y</i> junction (1989)

An optical wavelength demultiplexer using an asymmetric Y junction is numerically analyzed and the experimental results are reported. This demultiplexer utilizes both the mode splitting characteristic of an asymmetric Y junction and the waveguide dispersion of channel waveguides. Analysis shows that the device with step-index profile has more than 20 dB isolation for wavelengths with 6.5% separation from the center wavelength. The fabricated device composed of two-step ion exchanged soda-lime glass waveguides coated asymmetrically with Corning 7059 glass thin film separated the lights of 0.63 and 0.84 μm wavelengths.
Impact of Underfill Fillet Geometry on Interfacial Delamination in Organic Flip Chip Packages (2006)

Underfill delamination jeopardy in flip chip organic packages is driven by shear and peeling interfacial stresses, which are directly impacted by underfill fillet geometry. Finite element analysis (FEA) models were used to analyze the effect of underfill height and width on interfacial stresses in a typical organic flip chip package configuration. Peeling and shearing stresses were computed for a large combination of fillet heights and widths (15 /spl times/ 16 = 240). Three locations of interest: die bottom corner/underfill, die edge/fillet top and fillet bottom/substrate, were studied. For each location, 3D surface plots were generated to depict the variation of shear/peel stress simultaneously with width and height. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for the full factorial design of experiments (DOE) to quantify the effect of underfill fillet height and width on the numerically computed shear and peel stresses at each location. Interaction among these variables was permitted and studied, and was found to be significant in some cases. The dominant factor(s) governing interfacial stresses for each location was identified and optimum values recommended. Limited data, with corner fillet heights in the range /spl sim/2% to 70% of die thickness, suggested adequate reliability for most field applications. Additional data are required to further validate the results.
Polypyrrole-semiconductor Schottky barriers (1983)

Junctions between polypyrrole, a conducting polymer formed by electrooxidation, and n-type semiconductors have been studied. Cadmium sulphide and titanium dioxide were chosen as substrates as a complement to earlier studies on silicon. The junctions behave as Schottky barriers on these semiconductors. The series resistance of the polypyrrole film is large and was taken into account in the evaluation of the data. The barrier heights of the junctions are compared with those found with ordinary metals. It is deduced that the work function of polypyrrole must be close to 5 eV.
A phase 1 trial of E7974 administered on day 1 of a 21‐day cycle in patients with advanced solid tumors (2012)

This study shows that E7974 once every 21-day cycle shows antitumor activity in patients with refractory solid tumors. The recommended phase 2 dose is 0.45 mg/m(2).