gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific adhesion of rat hepatocytes to beta-galactosides linked to polyacrylamide gels. (1978)

Rat hepatocytes, isolated by a collagenase perfusion technique, specifically bind to polyacrylamide gel containing covalently immobilized 6-aminohexyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl groups. Less than 5% of these cells bind to polyacrylamide or to gels with the following covalently linked ligands: 6-aminohexanol, or the 6-aminohexyl D-pyranosides of alpha-mannose, beta-glucose, beta-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose, beta-cellobiose, beta-maltose, or beta-melibiose. Cell binding to beta-D-galactoside gels occurs after a lag period at 37 degrees and 65 to 100% (depending on the cell preparation) of the cells adhere. The duration of the lag period is inversely related to the beta-D-galactoside content of the gel but preincubation of the cells at 37 degrees reduces the lag period. Cell-gel binding is a threshold phenomenon. Adhesion of cells to gels does not occur when the glycoside concentration is less than about 900 nmol per cm2 x 0.25 mm thick gel piece. Above this critical concentration, cell-gel binding occurs and becomes maximal when the concentration is increased by only 20%. If these in vitro results apply to cellular interactions in vivo, they suggest that slight changes in the levels of cell surface or extracellular matrix carbohydrates may profoundly influence the behavior of neighboring cells.
A structural model for desmosine cross-linked peptides (1978)

Desmosine-enriched peptides were isolated from a thermolysin digest of bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin and a partial sequence was determined. A ‘two-cross-link’ model is proposed in which a second cross-link, perhaps lysinonorleucine, joins two peptide chains approx. 35 amino acid residues removed from the desmosine. Implied in this model is a certain asymmetry or directionality which places restrictions on the ‘sense’ of the peptide chains (either always parallel or anti-parallel) in order to align the cross-linking sites. Imposing such restrictions raises the possibility of specific alignment of elastin precursor molecules by microfibrillar proteins and/or aligning peptides on the precursor molecules themselves.
Complex formation between di- and monophosphatidylcholines and cyclodextrins in water. (1985)

α-, β- and γ-Cyclodextrins (CDs) interact with phospholipid membranes causing an appreciable decrease in the surface pressure of monolayer films of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and a leakage of the marker, calcein, in the inner aqueous phase of a liposome which is composed of diacylphosphatidylcholine (DAPC) and dicetylphosphate. The α- and γ-CDs form white amorphous solids with DAPC in the unilamellar state in aqueous solutions. These solids consist of CD and DAPC. The molar ratio of CD to DAPC depends on the kinds of CD and the acyl chain length of DAPC. From the composition of the CD-DAPC complex, several molecules of CD include two acyl chains of DAPC to make complexes such as alkanoic acid-CD complexes.
Subjective and Objective Video Quality Assessment of 3D Synthesized Views With Texture/Depth Compression Distortion (2015)

The quality assessment for synthesized video with texture/depth compression distortion is important for the design, optimization, and evaluation of the multi-view video plus depth (MVD)-based 3D video system. In this paper, the subjective and objective studies for synthesized view assessment are both conducted. First, a synthesized video quality database with texture/depth compression distortion is presented with subjective scores given by 56 subjects. The 140 videos are synthesized from ten MVD sequences with different texture/depth quantization combinations. Second, a full reference objective video quality assessment (VQA) method is proposed concerning about the annoying temporal flicker distortion and the change of spatio-temporal activity in the synthesized video. The proposed VQA algorithm has a good performance evaluated on the entire synthesized video quality database, and is particularly prominent on the subsets which have significant temporal flicker distortion induced by depth compression and view synthesis process.
CC Chemokine Ligand 1 Promotes Recruitment of Eosinophils But Not Th2 Cells During the Development of Allergic Airways Disease (2003)

One of the characteristic features of allergic asthma is recruitment of large numbers of inflammatory cells including eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes to the lung. This influx of inflammatory cells is thought to be a controlled and coordinated process mediated by chemokines and their receptors. It is thought that distinct, differential expression of chemokine receptors allows selective migration of T cell subtypes in response to the chemokines that bind these receptors. Th2 cells preferentially express CCR8 and migrate selectively to its ligand, CC chemokine ligand (CCL)1. We studied the role of the CCR8 ligand, CCL1, in the specific recruitment of Th2 cells and eosinophils to the lung in a murine model of allergic airway disease. We have demonstrated for the first time that CCL1 is up-regulated in the lung following allergen challenge. Moreover, a neutralizing Ab to CCL1 reduced eosinophil migration to the lung, but had no effect on recruitment of Th2 cells following allergen challenge. In addition, there was no change in airway hyperresponsiveness or levels of Th2 cytokines. In a Th2 cell transfer system of pulmonary inflammation, anti-CCL1 also failed to affect recruitment of Th2 cells to the lung following allergen challenge. Significantly, intratracheal instillation of rCCL1 increased recruitment of eosinophils but not Th2 cells to the lung in allergen-sensitized and -challenged mice. In summary, our results indicate that CCL1 is important for the pulmonary recruitment of eosinophils, rather than allergen-specific Th2 cells, following allergen challenge.
Identification of pathogens in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus from public gardens in Zagreb, Croatia (2010)

A total of 356 questing Ixodid ticks were collected by dragging during spring and autumn 2008 in three public gardens (parks) from Zagreb (Croatia). Pools of 5 ticks, grouped by gender, were tested for presence of Anaplasma phagocytophylum, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetti and Babesia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently sequenced. Infection of ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was done with RT-PCR. Tick species were distributed depending on the collection area ; D. reticulatus were collected on a Jarun meadow (close to the river) while I. ricinus ticks were present in two localities close to forest. B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 85.7% of I. ricinus and 6.4% of D. reticulatus pools. Rickettsial DNA was identified in 87.1% D. reticulatus and 16.7% I. ricinus. Sequence analysis revealed that all D. reticulatus were infected with Rickettsia raoultii identical to strain Marne (Acc.No DQ365800) while I. ricinus were infected with R. monacensis identical to strain IrRMunich (Acc.No DQ100169). All sequences of A. phagocytophylum detected in 21.4% samples were identical. We haven't confirmed a presence of C. burnetti in questing ticks from Zagreb. In a single pool of males I. ricinus DNA from Bartonella spp.was amplified but sequencing failed as well as sequencing of Babesia sp. Detected in 7.1% of I. ricinus. In contrast, Babesia canis canis was present 77.4% D. reticulatus samples collected from same location (Jarun). Interestingly no statistical difference was observed after comparing infection rate in male and female ticks. Two pools of I. ricinus nymphs were found to be infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. and R. monacensis. The results of this study show a presence of numerous tick-borne pathogens in public garden. For the first time we have demonstrated presence of R. raoultii, R. monacensis and A. phagocytophylum in Croatia.
All Digital-Quadrature-Modulator Based Wideband Wireless Transmitters (2009)

A novel architecture for a fully digital wideband wireless transmitter is presented. The proposed structure replaces high-dynamic-range analog circuits with high-speed digital circuits and offers a simple and flexible architecture, which requires less area, consumes less power, and delivers higher performance compared to those of the conventional modulators used for wideband systems. The design is based on a standard 65-nm CMOS process and is suitable for integration with a digital signal processor, memory, and logic implemented in such a process. The presented transmitter is based on a novel digital quadrature modulator (DQM), which achieves digital modulation in a Cartesian coordinate system. The novel architecture employs a single converter, referred to as the differential-like digital-to-RF converter (DDRC), as it is based on fully digitally combining the quadrature baseband signals. A DDRC, which is the heart of a DQM, combines functionalities of a mixer, a digital-to-analog converter, and an RF filter into a single circuit. The total area for the digital blocks is 0.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a power consumption of roughly 5 mW. It is shown that the proposed transmitter meets the spectral mask, defined in the targeted IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) standard, with a margin of 20 dB and achieves an error-vector-magnitude (EVM) performance of -36 dB with a margin of 6 dB.
Clinical Impact of Circulating Irisin on Classified Coronary Plaque Characteristics (2018)

Circulating irisin levels are significantly associated with tissue characteristics of nonculprit LMCA plaques.
Synergistic action of α‐amylase and glucoamylase on hydrolysis of starch (1985)

Synergistic action of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase on hydrolysis of starch is modeled by the kinetic equations presented in this paper. At the early stage of the reaction alpha-amylase acts as a contributor of newly formed nonreducing ends of starch molecules to glucoamylase by splitting the original starch molecules. This is expressed by the simultaneous differential equations which consist of each rate equation for alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. After the molecular weight of the substrate decreases to the value of about 5000, which is obtained experimentally in this work, the action of alpha-amylase can be neglected and the rate of formation of glucose obeys only the rate equation for glucoamylase.
Comparison of the Claassen and Fisher CT Classification Scale to Predict Ischemia after Aneurysmatic SAH? (2003)

The newly proposed Claassen CT scale provides no additional information and seems not to be superior compared to the well-established Fisher scale to predict DCI.
A new constant frequency phase-shifted PWM zero-voltage switching DC-DC converter incorporating non-controlled saturable reactors (1989)

The authors describe a power converter which incorporates saturable reactors as nonlinear elements to perform effective zero-voltage switching under large load and wide voltage-regulation ranges. Its steady-state characteristics are evaluated and discussed on the basis of computer simulation and experiments carried out with a 0.5-kW, 500-kHz breadboard. A power conversion efficiency of more than 88% was obtained. The results demonstrated that electromagnetic interference can be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Making algebra work: Instructional strategies that deepen student understanding, within and between representations (2009)

Accepted Manuscript
Confidence fusion (2004)

The field of sensor fusion is well developed, but approaches to describing the confidence one ought to have in the fused result as a function of the confidence one has in the individual measurements is not. This speculative paper is intended to stimulate discussion in the robotics and instrumentation communities regarding how to approach "confidence fusion" in a way that can be practically applied in robotics applications and is intuitively satisfying with respect our feelings regarding how confidence in measurements ought to propagate. Preliminary ideas are developed in the context of a scenario wherein two one-bit-output sensors in which we have different confidence are used together. The results are compared with numerical experiments simulating a real-life experiment that we have described in the field of sensor fusion for context-aware computing.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Stored Grain with Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Carbon Dioxide Sensors (2009)

Grain moisture content (MC) and temperature (T) are the primary factors affecting grain deterioration in storage. If these factors are not properly monitored and controlled, grain quality can deteriorate quickly due to mold growth and insect infestation. This research examined use of relative humidity (RH), T, and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors for their suitability to determine adverse storage conditions of wheat. A mock-up storage system was constructed and used to simulate a wheat storage bin 6.86 m high. Sensors for T, RH, and CO2 measurement were placed at various depths in the storage. High-moisture grain, comprising about 11% of the grain volume, was placed in the top section of the bin. Wheat was aerated with the high-moisture grain conditioned to nominal MCs of 14%, 16%, and 18% wet basis (MCwb) and the remaining grain at approximately 11% MCwb. Sensors monitored air conditions during the entire storage period. Aeration was provided over 3-h periods at rates of 0.083 m3/min/tonne (eight experiments) and 0.166 m3/min/tonne (one experiment). Airflow was from top to bottom of the bin. CO2 sensors were effective in indirectly detecting moist grain conditions due to the large amount of CO2 generated from the wet grain. CO2 measurement was less effective as grain temperature was reduced as a result of aeration. CO2 levels monitored at the exhaust of the aeration duct were generally adequate in determining adverse storage conditions. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wheat, determined from RH and T, gave reasonably accurate measurements of grain MC. EMC measurements were also effective in determining moisture changes in the grain due to the moisture front movement from the high-moisture grain.
The Notch Ligand Jagged-1 Is Able to Induce Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Human Dendritic Cells (2002)

Notch receptors play a key role in several cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. This study investigated whether the activation of Notch signaling would affect the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Direct stimulation of Notch signaling in DCs with a peptide ligand induced DC maturation, similar to LPS: DCs up-regulated maturation markers, produced IL-12, lost endocytosis capacity, and became able to activate allogeneic T cells. Furthermore, coculture of DCs with cells expressing Notch ligand Jagged-1 induced up-regulation of maturation markers, IL-12 production, T cell proliferative responses, and IFN-gamma production. Our data suggest that activation of Notch by Jagged-1 plays an important role in maturation of human DCs. Additionally, they reveal a novel role for Notch signaling in cell maturation events distal to the cell fate decision fork. These data may have important medical implications, since they provide new reagents to induce DC activity, which may be beneficial as adjuvants in situations where an immune response needs to be elicited, such as tumor immunotherapy.
Low Temperature Cu–Cu Bonding Technology in Three-Dimensional Integration: An Extensive Review (2017)

Arguably, the integrated circuit (IC) industry has received robust scientific and technological attention due to the ultra-small and extremely fast transistors since past four decades that consents to Moore's law. The introduction of new interconnect materials as well as innovative architectures has aided for large-scale miniaturization of devices, but their contributions were limited. Thus, the focus has shifted toward the development of new integration approaches that reduce the interconnect delays which has been achieved successfully by three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC). At this juncture, semiconductor industries utilize Cu–Cu bonding as a key technique for 3D IC integration. This review paper focuses on the key role of low temperature Cu–Cu bonding, renaissance of the low temperature bonding, and current research trends to achieve low temperature Cu–Cu bonding for 3D IC and heterogeneous integration applications.
GaInP–AlGaInP band offsets determined from hydrostatic pressure measurements (1995)

Low-temperature (1.8 K) photoluminescence spectra of a Ga0.52In0.48P–(Al0.58Ga0.42)0.52In0.48P multiple quantum well have been measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure from 0 to 5.0 GPa. The extrapolation to zero pressure of the energy of the indirect k-and-real-space barrier X to well Γ transition allows the direct determination of the valence band offset for this heterojunction system. A value of ΔEv=(0.35±0.05)ΔEg is found, in good agreement with values previously determined from the theoretical modeling of quantum well transition energies.
<i>In situ</i> investigation of the chemical composition of ceroid in human atherosclerosis by Raman spectroscopy (2002)

Abstract Fluorescent lipid peroxidation products (ceroid) form within the atheroma of an atherosclerotic lesion. At present, the initiation and propagation of such oxidative processes in situ are not well understood, in part because of the insolubility of the ceroid deposits. We investigated the chemical composition of ceroid in human atherosclerotic plaque by combining autofluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In eight sectioned human atherosclerotic samples, we located granular and ring‐shaped ceroid deposits by autofluorescence microscopy. Subsequently, two‐dimensional Raman maps of the ceroid deposits and surrounding non‐fluorescent atheroma were acquired at 1 µm resolution. These Raman spectra were subjected to a K‐means clustering analysis. By assigning a different color to each cluster, pseudo‐color Raman images of the tissue sections were obtained. From these images the clusters belonging to ceroid and the non‐fluorescent surrounding tissue were selected. The averaged cluster spectra were analyzed by means of a least‐squares fit with the Raman spectra of pure chemical compounds. In addition, the Raman spectra were compared with the Raman spectra of normal and oxidized lipids. Marked differences between the Raman spectra of ceroid and surrounding, non‐fluorescent atheroma were observed, amidst large sample to sample variation in chemical composition. Compared with the non‐fluorescent tissue, the changes in the Raman spectra of the ceroid deposits could best be explained by larger signal contributions from hemoglobin and cholesteryl esters. We conclude that there is a large heterogeneity in the chemical composition of ceroid. Its composition is largely dependent on the chemical constituents of the surrounding atheroma. Heme or heme degradation products are consistently present in the ceroid deposits. Our results support the hypothesis that iron and heme can form complexes with the intravascular lipoproteins, thereby stimulating oxidation and initiating the formation of ceroid. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic Weight Pruning of DNNs using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (2018)

We present a systematic weight pruning framework of deep neural networks (DNNs) using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We first formulate the weight pruning problem of DNNs as a constrained nonconvex optimization problem, and then adopt the ADMM framework for systematic weight pruning. We show that ADMM is highly suitable for weight pruning due to the computational efficiency it offers. We achieve a much higher compression ratio compared with prior work while maintaining the same test accuracy, together with a faster convergence rate. Our models are released at https://github.com/KaiqiZhang/admm-pruning
Slow Axonal Transport of Neurofilament Proteins: Impairment of β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile Administration (1978)

beta,beta'-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) administration prevented normal slow axonal transport of [35S]methionine- or [3H]leucine-labeled proteins in rat sciatic motor axons. Ultrastructural and electrophoretic studies showed that the neurofilament triplet proteins in particular were retained within the initial 5 millimeters of the axons, resulting in neurofilament-filled axonal swellings. Fast anterograde and retrograde axonal transport were not affected. The IDPN thus selectively impaired slow axonal transport. The neurofibrillary pathology in this model is the result of the defective slow transport of neurofilaments.
Caveolae Are a Novel Pathway for Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Traffic in Human Endothelial Cells (2003)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) distinctly modulates membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in human endothelial cells (ECs). Herein, ECM-dependent RhoA activation is shown to regulate MT1-MMP localization and activity as well as clathrin-independent internalization in confluent ECs. In this regard, caveolae are revealed as the major MT1-MMP endocytic pathway in human ECs. Thus, MT1-MMP is present at caveolae with caveolin-1 and both proteins together with alpha v beta 3 integrin colocalize at endothelial motility-associated extensions. Remarkably, caveolae traffic is required for proper MT1-MMP localization, activity, and function in migratory ECs as demonstrated by both treatment with caveolae-disrupting agents or selective targeting caveolin-1 expression by interference RNA. Thus, caveolae-mediated traffic constitutes a novel mechanism for MT1-MMP regulation in ECs during angiogenesis.
Regulation of <i>Msx-1, Msx-2, Bmp-2</i> and <i>Bmp-4</i> during foetal and postnatal mammary gland development (1996)

Expression of the Msx-1 and Msx-2 homeobox genes have been shown to be coordinately regulated with the Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 ligands in a variety of developing tissues. Here we report that transcripts from all four genes are developmentally regulated during both foetal and postnatal mammary gland development. The location and time-course of the Bmp and Msx expression point to a role for Msx and Bmp gene products in the control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Expression of Msx-2, but not Msx-1, Bmp-2 or Bmp-4 was decreased following ovariectomy, while expression of the human Msx-2 homologue was regulated by 17beta-oestradiol in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The regulation of Msx-2 expression by oestrogen raises the possibility that hormonal regulation of mammary development is mediated through the control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding (2020)

BERT adopts masked language modeling (MLM) for pre-training and is one of the most successful pre-training models. Since BERT neglects dependency among predicted tokens, XLNet introduces permuted language modeling (PLM) for pretraining to address this problem. However, XLNet does not leverage the full position information of a sentence and thus suffers from position discrepancy between pre-training and fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose MPNet, a novel pre-training method that inherits the advantages of BERT and XLNet and avoids their limitations. MPNet leverages the dependency among predicted tokens through permuted language modeling (vs. MLM in BERT), and takes auxiliary position information as input to make the model see a full sentence and thus reducing the position discrepancy (vs. PLM in XLNet). We pre-train MPNet on a large-scale dataset (over 160GB text corpora) and fine-tune on a variety of down-streaming tasks (GLUE, SQuAD, etc). Experimental results show that MPNet outperforms MLM and PLM by a large margin, and achieves better results on these tasks compared with previous state-of-the-art pre-trained methods (e.g., BERT, XLNet, RoBERTa) under the same model setting. The code and the pre-trained models are available at: https://github.com/microsoft/MPNet.