gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human serotonin1B receptor expression in Sf9 cells: Phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and adenylyl cyclase inhibition (1993)

Analysis of the primary protein structure of the human serotonin1B (5-HT1B) receptor reveals consensus sites for phosphorylation and a putative site for palmitoylation. To investigate these posttranslational modifications, we have expressed a c-myc epitope-tagged 5-HT1B (m5-HT1B) receptor in Sf9 cells. This strategy enabled receptors to be detected by immunoblot analysis and purified by immunoprecipitation using a monoclonal antibody, 9E10, specific for the c-myc epitope. Agonist radioligand [3H]5-HT binding studies showed that the expressed 5-HT1B and m5-HT1B receptors displayed the characteristic pharmacological profile of the neuronal 5-HT1B receptor. The expressed receptors displayed both high- and low-affinity states for [3H]5-HT, suggesting that the receptors were coupled to endogenous G-proteins. Indeed, agonist binding to the high-affinity receptor state was regulated in the presence of GTP gamma S, Gpp(NH)p, and pertussis toxin. [32P]ADP-ribosylation experiments identified a major approximately 41-kDa ADP-ribosylated protein present in Sf9 membranes that comigrated with partially purified bovine brain Gi alpha/G(o) alpha subunits. Measurements of adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes from cells expressing m5-HT1B receptors showed that serotonergic agonists mediated the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity with a rank order of potency comparable to their affinity constants. Immunoblot analysis of membranes prepared from cells expressing m5-HT1B receptors and photoaffinity labeling of the immunoprecipitated material revealed photolabeled species at approximately 95 and at approximately 42 kDa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Binding of p53 to the Central Domain of Mdm2 Is Regulated by Phosphorylation (2006)

The Mdm2 protein is the major regulator of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We show that the p53 protein associates both with the N-terminal and with the central domain of Mdm2. The central p53-binding site of Mdm2 encompasses amino acids 235-300. Binding of p53 to the central domain is significantly enhanced after phosphorylation of the central domain of Mdm2. The N-terminal and central domains of Mdm2 act synergistically in binding to p53. p53 mutants that have mutations in the tetramerization domain and that fail to oligomerize do not show such an enhancement of binding in the presence of the other binding site.
Growth hormone rescues hippocampal synaptic function after sleep deprivation (2010)

Sleep is required for, and sleep loss impairs, normal hippocampal synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor function and expression, hippocampal NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent memory function. Although sleep is essential, the signals linking sleep to hippocampal function are not known. One potential signal is growth hormone. Growth hormone is released during sleep, and its release is suppressed during sleep deprivation. If growth hormone links sleep to hippocampal function, then restoration of growth hormone during sleep deprivation should prevent adverse consequences of sleep loss. To test this hypothesis, we examined rat hippocampus for spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons, long-term potentiation in area CA1, and NMDA receptor subunit proteins in synaptic membranes. Three days of sleep deprivation caused a significant reduction in NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents compared with control treatments. When rats were injected with growth hormone once per day during sleep deprivation, the loss of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents was prevented. Growth hormone injections also prevented the impairment of long-term potentiation that normally follows sleep deprivation. In addition, sleep deprivation led to a selective loss of NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) from hippocampal synaptic membranes, but normal NR2B expression was restored by growth hormone injection. Our results identify growth hormone as a critical mediator linking sleep to normal synaptic function of the hippocampus.
Suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte bactericidal activity by suramin (1993)

Suramin is a polyanionic compound with potent antineoplastic properties. Because polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are a crucial component of host defenses against bacteria and fungi, the effects of suramin on PMN function were studied in vitro. PMNs from healthy donors were incubated with concentrations of suramin of 1 to 1,000 micrograms/ml (within and exceeding the therapeutic range) for 30 min, and PMN functional parameters were subsequently assessed. Suramin had no effect on viability, chemotaxis to N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, phagocytosis of Candida albicans, or superoxide anion production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine. Fungicidal activity against C. albicans blastoconidia was unaffected at a suramin concentration of < 500 micrograms/ml, whereas at higher concentrations a slight suppression was observed (P = 0.04). Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus was significantly suppressed by concentrations of > or = 100 micrograms/ml (P < 0.01). Phagocytosis of S. aureus was also significantly impaired at > or = 10 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). The presence of 10% human serum during pretreatment did not abrogate the suramin-induced suppression of bactericidal activity. Treatment of PMNs with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (4,000 U/ml) for 30 min prior to the addition of suramin (250 micrograms/ml) improved the bactericidal defect (P = 0.02). The PMN functional impairment may be related to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may improve the defect.
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis by combined assay of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein: a prospective study. (1996)

Thus, although DCP alone is not sensitive enough to detect early small liver cancers, the use of both markers and imaging in the follow-up of patients with LC might be beneficial.
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis: The First Century (1999)

An account of work on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites up to 1965 is presented. The earliest suggestions for three of the four major pathways were speculative; for the isoprene rule, hypotheses date to 1877, for the polyketide rule to 1907, and for a role for amino acids in alkaloid biosynthesis to 1910. The fourth major pathway based on intermediates of the shikimic acid pathway has a much shorter history because shikimic acid itself was only identified as a primary metabolite in 1951. In addition to speculation, biomimetic syntheses were carried out in which chemists attempted to duplicate possible biosynthetic pathways in vitro. The classic example was Robinson's synthesis of tropinone in 1917. Direct examination of secondary metabolite biosynthesis was possible with the use of the isotopic tracer technique. This methodology, applied extensively to primary metabolism beginning in 1935 and to secondary metabolism from about 1950, was facilitated by the increasing availability of the 14C isotope. With the use of isotopes as tracers, the broad outlines of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, reviewed here, were established in the period 1950 to 1965.
Total Syntheses and Anticholinesterase Activities of (3a<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>(8)-Norphysostigmine, (3a<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>(8)-Norphenserine, Their Antipodal Isomers, and Other<i>N</i>(8)-Substituted Analogues (1997)

N(8)-Benzylesermethole (6) was prepared from 5-methoxytryptamine (1) in five steps. Resolution of compound 6 by dibenzoyl- and ditoluyltartaric acid provided enantiomers (-)- and (+)-7. After demethylation, reaction with isocyanates and catalytic debenzylation over hydrogen, the total syntheses of (-)- and (+)-N(8)-norphysostigmine [(-)- and (+)-11] and (-)- and (+)-N(8)-norphenserine [(-)- and (+)-12] were accomplished, (-)-N(8)-Norphysostigmine [(-)-11] and (-)-N(8)-norphenserine [(-)-12] were also obtained by transformations of natural physostigmine [(-)-13] and phenserine [(-)-14] prepared from (-)-13. The absolute configurations and optical purity of compounds (-)-11, (-)-12, (+)-11, and (+)-12 were confirmed by a comparison of their optical rotations with those of the compounds synthesized from physostigmine [(-)-13]. The anticholinesterase activities of N(8)-nor- and N(8)-substituted analogues, (-)- and (+)-9, -10, -11, -12, 15, and 16, were compared with those of physostigmine [(-)- and (+)-13] and phenserine [(-)- and (+)-14] and are reported.
Effect of steaming on some physical and chemical properties of black walnut heartwood. (1980)

The influence of steaming time and temperature on some physical and chemical properties of black walnut heartwood was studied.One-inch cube sample blocks were steamed at two different temperatures and four different times, and the pH, surface tension, and color of the wood fluids, as well a s the extractives and area of cell lumina, were determined.'The pH and surface tension were not affected enough by steaming to be related to color changes of wood.swelling the wood beyond that normally expected in water at room temperature, or reducing drying defects.Prolonged and high temperature (above 100 C) steaming increased alcohol-benzene extractives of the steamed wood.Prolonged and high temperature steaming caused cell walls to swell beyond that in water at room temperature, especially in earlywood.Steaming temperature and time were highly effective in changing the color of wood fluids. K e y ~~, o r d s :Hygroscopicity.permeability, transmittance.mechanical strength properties.dimensional stability, hydrolytic processes
Clusterin (CLU) and melanoma growth: CLU is expressed in malignant melanoma and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates expression of CLU in melanoma cell lines in vitro. (2006)

CLU may be of importance for the progression of malignant melanoma. The growth regulatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in melanoma cell lines may, at least in part, be mediated via modulation of CLU expression.
Using a Grid Platform for Enabling Real Time User Modeling in On-line Campus (2007)

User modelling in on-line distance learning is an important research field focusing on two important aspects: describing and predicting students' actions and intentions as well as adapting the learning process to students' features, habits, preferences, and so on. The aim is to greatly stimulate and improve the learning experience. Indeed, on the one hand, students' intentions may change during the realization of learning activities and thus their actions evolve accordingly as the learning process moves forward. On the other hand, adaptive systems can effectively plan and design appropriate learning tasks according to students' features, habits and interests with the aim of facilitating the achievement of the learning goal. In this context, user modelling implies a continuous processing and analysis of user interaction data during long-term learning activities, which produces large and considerably complex information. As a consequence, processing this information is costly and could require computational capacity beyond that of a single computer. In this paper, we show how a Grid approach can considerably decrease the processing time of log data of on-line distance educational web-based systems. Our prototype is based on the masterworker paradigm and is implemented using a peer-topeer platform running on the Planetlab nodes. The results of our study show the feasibility of using Grid middleware to speed and scale up the processing of log data and thus achieve an efficient and dynamic user modeling in on-line distance learning.
Characterization of SepL of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

The sepL gene is expressed in the locus of enterocyte effacement and therefore is most likely implicated in the attaching and effacing process, as are the products encoded by open reading frames located up- and downstream of this gene. In this study, the sepL gene of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strain EDL933 was analyzed and the corresponding polypeptide was characterized. We found that sepL is transcribed monocistronically and independently from the esp operon located downstream, which codes for the secreted proteins EspA, -D, and -B. Primer extension analysis allowed us to identify a single start of transcription 83 bp upstream of the sepL start codon. The analysis of the upstream regions led to the identification of canonical promoter sequences between positions -5 and -36. Translational fusions using lacZ as a reporter gene demonstrated that sepL is activated in the exponential growth phase by stimuli that are characteristic for the intestinal niche, e.g., a temperature of 37 degrees C, a nutrient-rich environment, high osmolarity, and the presence of Mn(2+). Protein localization studies showed that SepL was present in the cytoplasm and associated with the bacterial membrane fraction. To analyze the functional role of the SepL protein during infection of eukaryotic cells, an in-frame deletion mutant was generated. This sepL mutant was strongly impaired in its ability to attach to HeLa cells and induce a local accumulation of actin. These defects were partially restored by providing the sepL gene in trans. The EDL933DeltasepL mutant also exhibited an impaired secretion but not biosynthesis of Esp proteins, which was fully complemented by providing sepL in trans. These results demonstrate the crucial role played by SepL in the biological cycle of EHEC.
Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth for buried heterostructure GaAlAs lasers with semi-insulating blocking layers (1987)

A two-step metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth technique for fully planar GaAs/GaAlAs single quantum well buried heterostructure lasers with oxygen-doped semi-insulating blocking layers is described. GaAlAs blocking layer with resistivity above 106 Ω cm is reproducibly obtained by introducing oxygen at a concentration above 0.03 ppm during the growth. The selective growth mode of GaAlAs layers in etched grooves is studied to realize fully planar buried structures. Lasing characteristics with threshold current of 19 mA, external differential quantum efficiency of 50%, and maximum light output power of 100 mW/facet are confirmed.
New 5-HT3 (Serotonin-3) Receptor Antagonists. V. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrrolo(2,1-c) (1,4)benzoxazine-6-carboxamides. (1995)

This paper describes the discovery of structurally novel heterocyclic carboxamides which are highly potent 5-HT3 (serotonin-3) receptor antagonists. Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxamides (12 and 20) were found to possess potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity on the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex in anesthetized rats. Structure-activity studies showed that compounds with small and lipophilic substituents such as chloro and methyl at the 8-position of the aromatic ring portion retained high potency, whereas those with bulky substituents showed essentially no activity. A dimethyl group at the 4-position slightly decreased the potency. 1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine as the amine part afforded the most potent activity. From this series, 20a was found to be the most potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, being 40-fold more potent than ondansetron (1).
Mostra e tavola rotonda "Quattro secoli dopo il Grand Tour: un viaggio in Italia alla scoperta dei nuovi paesaggi" - Berlino 12-19/12/2011 (2011)

L'articolo "Cibo e dintorni. il meglio dell'italian way of life in mostra a Berlino" a cura della redazione di AFFARI ITALIANI.IT (rivista on line) recensisce la mostra e la tavola rotonda organizzata da Paolo Mellano nell'ambito della rassegna "Cibo...e dintorni" (Berlino, 12/19 dicembre 2011)
Real-time Application Quality-of-Service Monitoring (RAQMON) Framework (2006)

There is a need to monitor end-devices such as IP phones, pagers, Instant Messaging clients, mobile phones, and various other handheld computing devices. This memo extends the remote network monitoring (RMON) family of specifications to allow real-time quality-of-service (QoS) monitoring of various applications that run on these devices and allows this information to be integrated with the RMON family using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). This memo defines the framework, architecture, relevant metrics, and transport requirements for real-time QoS monitoring of applications.
Surgical management of frontal sinusitis (2001)

The surgical management of chronic frontal sinusitis continues to evolve. There is no single surgical approach that will lead to successful resolution of disease and symptoms in all cases, and many options must be considered. These options generally attempt to restore drainage and ventilation to the sinus or to obliterate the sinus. When chronic frontal sinusitis fails to respond to maximum medical management, surgical treatment should proceed in a logical progression from simple to more radical procedures. Advanced imaging techniques can offer critical information in this area of highly variable and complex anatomy. Most endoscopic procedures directed at the frontal recess are performed in patients who have previously undergone sinus surgery. In these patients, it is not uncommon to find anatomic variants that predispose the patient to frontal sinus disease as well as scarring and osteoneogenesis. When attempts to restore drainage and ventilation fail, osteoplastic flap with obliteration remains the time-honored treatment even though it is associated with substantial surgical morbidity and renders the otolaryngologist less able to evaluate the frontal sinus endoscopically or radiographically.
Effects of Interferon and Adenine Arabinoside Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection on Cellular Immune Responses (1979)

Fifteen patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) or human leukocyte interferon (HLI). Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antigens prepared from herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus was measured by a lymphocyte blast transformation assay and an assay for interferon production. Measurements were made before, during, and after antiviral treatment. Unlike patients convalescing from acute hepatitis B, only 2 of 15 patients with chronic hepatitis B had significant blast transformation to hepatitis B surface antigen. One such response occurred during the pretreatment period of HLI therapy, and the other was in a patient undergoing low-dose (<10(5) U/kg per day) HLI therapy. Mononuclear cell cultures were tested for interferon production in the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Cells from only 1 of 15 patients produced detectable levels of interferon. In contrast, all of these patients had normal cellular immune responses to herpesvirus antigens. Transformation responses to herpes antigens decreased three- to fivefold after patients were treated with >10(5) U of HLI per kg per day. Antiviral therapy with <10(5) U of HLI per kg per day or Ara-A did not produce a detectable depression of transformation response. Ara-A produced marked lymphocytopenia and a marked lymphocyte fragility after 5 or more days of therapy. In vitro Ara-A was toxic to lymphocytes at concentrations as low as 0.5 mug/ml. These changes in lymphocyte parameters may affect the outcome of antiviral therapy.
A Fast and Accurate Eyelids and Eyelashes Detection Approach for Iris Segmentation. (2012)

Iris segmentation step is an essential process in iris recognition system. This step becomes much more difficult due to the presence of eyelids and eyelashes. This paper contributes to fast and robust eyelids and eyelash detection algorithm. The main contributions are: (1) Proposition of robust eyelids detection algorithm based on the Radon transform and polynomial curve fitting, using Least Squares Fitting method. (2) Eyelashes detection using diagonal gradient and thresholding process. The proposed method was evaluated on the CASIA V3 database and compared to the previous work. As the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides an encouraging performance in terms of accuracy and computational complexity. Moreover our method is very useful for iris recognition system which requires excluding the bits generated from eyelashes regions during iris matching stage.
Selected Articles and Documents on: Foreign and Comparative Government (1954)

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Defective internalization of low density lipoprotein in epidermoid cervical cancer cells. (1982)

Cells of an epidermoid cancer cell line of human uterine cervix, which possessed a high-affinity, specific receptor for low density lipoprotein (LDL), internalized and degraded [125I]iodo-LDL at a very low rate. In these cells, LDL did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis, nor did it suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to the same extent as in the control cells. The binding of [125I]iodo-LDL by these cells was not decreased by preincubation of the cells in medium containing LDL. Using ferritin-labeled LDL (F-LDL) and electron microscopy, it was determined that at 4 degrees C the cells bound F-LDL in the same way as other cancer cell lines that did not have a defect in internalization. When these cells were warmed to 37 degrees C the F-LDL remained on the surface, whereas in cells from control cancer cell lines the F-LDL was internalized and was no longer observed on the cell surface. On the basis of the results of these studies it is concluded that cells of this epidermoid cancer cell line have a defective ability to internalize LDL.
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Overall Survival in Cancer Patients: Results of a Comprehensive Meta-analysis (2005)

Erythropoietin treatment may reduce the risk for blood transfusions and improve hematologic response in cancer patients. However, our favorable survival outcome is in contrast to two large (N = 351 and 939) recently published randomized controlled trials in which erythropoietin-treated patients had statistically significantly worse survival than untreated patients. Possible reasons for the disparity with our results include differences in study population and design, higher target hemoglobin levels and higher risk of thromboembolic complications, and concerns that erythropoietin may stimulate tumor growth.
Estimating the total oxidant demand for <i>in situ</i> chemical oxidation design (2003)

Abstract Analytical techniques for designing of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) to treat organics in soil and groundwater are emerging. There are several issues that need to be resolved prior to adopting a standard analytical technique. Some of the more salient issues are discussed. In addition, currently practiced analytical techniques for estimating the oxidant demand for the oxidants permanganate and persulfate are provided. In the absence of analytical measurements, rules of thumb can be used with caution to estimate the overall oxidant demand. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequence of the intercistronic region between the ribulose-1,5-bishphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase large subunit and the coupling factor β subunit gene (1982)

The nucleotide sequence of the region between the genes for the large subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the beta subunit of coupling factor from tobacco chloroplast DNA has been determined. The 5' ends of their mRNAs have been located on the DNA sequence using s1 nuclease mapping. The promoter sequences of these chloroplast genes have features in common with those of prokaryotes. E. coli RNA polymerase can recognize these sequences and start transcription at authentic initiation sites.