gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully-Connected CRFs with Non-Parametric Pairwise Potential (2013)

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) are used for diverse tasks, ranging from image denoising to object recognition. For images, they are commonly defined as a graph with nodes corresponding to individual pixels and pairwise links that connect nodes to their immediate neighbors. Recent work has shown that fully-connected CRFs, where each node is connected to every other node, can be solved efficiently under the restriction that the pairwise term is a Gaussian kernel over a Euclidean feature space. In this paper, we generalize the pairwise terms to a non-linear dissimilarity measure that is not required to be a distance metric. To this end, we propose a density estimation technique to derive conditional pairwise potentials in a non-parametric manner. We then use an efficient embedding technique to estimate an approximate Euclidean feature space for these potentials, in which the pairwise term can still be expressed as a Gaussian kernel. We demonstrate that the use of non-parametric models for the pairwise interactions, conditioned on the input data, greatly increases expressive power whilst maintaining efficient inference.
Lymphocyte binding to K562 cells: effect of target cell irradiation and correlation with ICAM-1 and LFA-3 expression. (1994)

Tumor irradiation induces modifications in the interaction of surviving target cells with immune cells. This interaction is mediated by adhesion molecules, whose expression can be strongly altered by radiation treatment. Here the probably of K562 tumor cells for lymphocyte binding was studied after exposure of target cells to different doses of gamma-radiation. Results were correlated to the expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 adhesion molecules on target cells. Radiation treatment enhanced the expression of both ICAM-1 and LFA-3 on the surface of target cells in a dose and time of culture-dependent fashion, reaching a maximum 24 hrs postirradiation, when also lymphocyte binding was increased. 10-30 Gy irradiation of K562 cells in vitro induces after 24 hrs, an up-regulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 expression that, in turn, increase lymphocyte binding, making tumor cells more exposed to cytotoxic attack. The progressive morphological damage induced by radiation, documented by the scattering singlas in flow cytometry and by electron microscopy analysis of irradiated K562 cells, induced, particularly at delayed times of culture in high doses irradiated cells, alterations of the target cell surface that might prevent the correct interaction with immune cells.
Targeting Tim-1 to overcome resistance to transplantation tolerance mediated by CD8 T17 cells (2009)

The ability to induce durable transplantation tolerance predictably and consistently in the clinic is a highly desired but elusive goal. Progress is hampered by lack of appropriate experimental models in which to study resistance to transplantation tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that T helper 1-associated T box 21 transcription factor (Tbet) KO recipients exhibit allograft tolerance resistance specifically mediated by IL-17-producing CD8 T (T17) cells. Neutralization of IL-17 facilitates long-term cardiac allograft survival with combined T cell co-stimulation (CD28-CD80/86 and CD154-CD40) blockade in Tbet KO recipients. We have used this T17-biased Tbet KO model of allograft tolerance resistance to study the impact of targeting a T cell-co-stimulatory pathway, and demonstrate that targeting T cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (Tim-1) with anti-Tim-1 overcomes this resistance by specifically inhibiting the pathogenic IL-17-producing CD8 T17 cells. These data indicate that in the absence of Th1 immunity, CD8 T17 alloreactivity constitutes a barrier to transplantation tolerance. Targeting TIM-1 provides an approach to overcome resistance to tolerance in clinical transplantation.
Half a century of programming and a spark of light (2001)

Abstract In this issue JOHN BARNES continues with a summary of a few programming languages that he has had the pleasure or misfortune to use and generally concludes that their design has been a series of missed opportunities. The paper concludes, however, with a glimmer of hope that, in one small corner of England, something good is emerging. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of standard tube and shell vial cell culture techniques for the detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens (1985)

A monoclonal antibody was used to detect an early antigen of cytomegalovirus (CMV) by fluorescence 16 h after inoculation of MRC-5 monolayers in 1-dram (ca. 3.7-ml) shell vials and low-speed centrifugation. Of 770 specimens (urine, blood, lung tissue, sputum) processed in shell vials, 124 (16%) were positive for the virus at 16 h postinfection. CMV was isolated in standard tube cell cultures (average time, 9 days) from only 88 specimens, but there were no instances (with the exception of 2 blood specimens) in which CMV was recovered from tube cultures but not from shell vials. Additional specimens from 18 patients were positive in the shell vial assay but negative in the conventional tube cell culture assay. Other specimens from 14 of the 18 patients yielded CMV in conventional tube cell cultures. Of the 4 patients from whom CMV was not recovered from other specimens by conventional tube cell culturing, all had evidence of recent CMV infections, as indicated by a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer. The specificity of the shell vial assay for the detection of CMV is supported by assays of other specimens from the same patients yielding the virus or serological evidence indicating recent infections, the known enhancement of CMV detection after centrifugation of the shell vials, and the distinct and easily recognizable fluorescence confined to the nuclei of CMV-infected cells. Our data indicate that the shell vial cell culture assay for the detection of CMV is as specific as and more sensitive than conventional tube cell culturing for the diagnosis of CMV infections.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Wnt/β-Catenin/Lef-1 Signaling Induces Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2010)

We have demonstrated that targeting lef-1 is a new and selective therapeutic approach in CLL. CGP049090 or PKF115-584 may be attractive compounds for CLL and other malignancies that deserve further (pre)clinical evaluation.
Parametric polymorphism in Java (2000)

The introduction of parametric polymorphism in Java with translation approaches has been shown to be of considerable interest, allowing the definition of extensions of Java on top of the existing Virtual Machines. Homogeneous translations furthermore, seem to be more useful than heterogeneous, avoiding the continuous increase of library code with redundant information. At this time however, homogeneous approaches aren't as flexible as heterogeneous, with extensions failing to integrate well with base language typing. In this paper, using some of the features of the Core Reflection of Java, we introduce a homogeneous translation in which run-time information about instantiation of type-parameters is carried, allowing full integration of parame-terized types with Java typing. Performance overhead is greatly decreased using a brand new translation technique based on the deferring of the management of type information at load-time. The same power and flexibility of previous heterogeneous approaches is obtained while maintaining homogeneous translation advantages.
Digital pen for paralyzed patient (2016)

This paper presents digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition for paralyzed patient. The accelerometer based digital pen for paralyzed patient consists of basically three main parts i.e triaxial accelerometer, microcontroller and RF wireless transmission module. This parts used for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories of hand motions of paralyzed patient. The minimized features are passed to a neural network for recognition. The main important experimental results have successfully validated the effectiveness of the trajectory recognition algorithm utilized in Digital Pen proposed in this paper.
Managing mastalgia: fact or fiction? (2000)

A thorough history should be taken for every woman who presents with breast symptoms. A clinical breast examination and investigations should be conducted to define the problem and exclude breast cancer. Women with mastalgia should then be reassured that their condition is benign. General practitioners can manage most cases of breast pain with straightforward strategies for symptom relief. Referral to a breast specialist is required only if first-line drug therapies fail. (author abstract)
Sexuality, Incompatibility, and Intersterility in the Biology of the Sistotrema brinkmannii Aggregate (1973)

SUMMARYNinety-six representatives of the Sistotrema brinkmannii aggregate have been assembled from North America, Europe, Australia, and the Middle East. The existence of primary homothallic, bipolar heterothallic, and tetrapolar heterothallic patterns of sexuality within the aggregate has been confirmed. The geographical and substratal ranges of the isolates indicate that homothallic forms are not restricted in either respect, nor are homothallic forms geographically or ecologically isolated from bipolar heterothallic forms. Five intersterility groups were observed among 74 bipolar isolates. Geographical or substratal barriers do not account for the intersterility of the bipolar groups; however, intersterility patterns coupled with substratal specificity may indicate the pathways of evolutionary divergence for some groups. Similarly, two intersterile groups were observed among six independently isolated tetrapolar cultures. Neither geographical nor substratal barriers appear to be involved in the intersterility of tetrapolar forms. In the laboratory, the fruiting of homo- karyons of heterothallic forms (both bipolar and tetrapolar) was common; however, none of the sporulating, heterothallic, field isolates was identified as a homokaryon. Absolute intersterility between bipolar and tetrapolar strains has been demonstrated in 3,066 unique pairings.
Isolation and identification of endogenous cytokinins from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). (1985)

Endogenous cytokinins in alfalfa were isolated, and identified by mass spectrometry. trans-Ribosylzeatin (RZ) and ribosyldihydrozeatin (DHRZ) were identified from the root, and the combined content (benzyladenine equivalent) was estimated to be approximately 0.5 μg/100g of fresh weight, cis- and trans-RZ were identified from the stems and leaves. The relative content of the cis-isomer was approximately five times greater than that of the trans-isomer.
Narrow linewidth diode laser self-injection locked to a high-Q microresonator (2018)

Laser systems with simultaneously narrow linewidth and high power are crucial in many research areas and applications. We present a novel laser system based on a regular multi-frequency laser diode and high-Q optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonator. The self-injection locking effect is used to narrow the linewidth of the laser diode emission down to 2 kHz without significant reduction in the output optical power. The compact prototype device based on the proposed optical scheme is manufactured.
Anodic oxidation of lithium, cadmium, silver, and tetrabutylammonium nitrates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnodic oxidation of lithium, cadmium, silver, and tetrabutylammonium nitratesR. R. Rao, Stephen B. Milliken, S. L. Robinson, and Charles K. MannCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 9, 1076–1080Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60291a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60291a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast algorithms for UAV tasking and routing (2016)

The problem of partitioning a set of geographically distributed tasks among a team of UAVs that must travel to perform the tasks arises in many contexts, from surveillance to environmental monitoring. When UAVs have limits in their travel distances, it is important to select subsets of tasks for each UAV that achieve highest team values while remaining feasible given limits on UAV resources. This class of problems has been studied previously in computer science and operations research as orienteering problems. This problem is known to be NP-Hard. Previous algorithms for solving orienteering problems as integer programming problems are slow; faster algorithms have been proposed based on heuristic techniques used in traveling salesperson problems. In this paper, we develop a different class of fast algorithms, based on a decomposition of the orienteering problem into a knapsack assignment problem and a subsequent traveling salesperson problem. We combine greedy algorithms for knapsack problems with the use of spanning trees to estimate traveling salesperson tour lengths to obtain new, approximate algorithms for orienteering problems. We conduct experiments with single and multiple UAV algorithms on benchmark problems as well as problems derived from a LANDAT dataset, comparing our new algorithms with other algorithms in the literature. Our results indicate that our new algorithms are consistently fast, and perform better than competing algorithms.
Identification and Characterization of a Pi Isoform of Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTP1) as a Zeaxanthin-binding Protein in the Macula of the Human Eye (2004)

Uptake, metabolism, and stabilization of xanthophyll carotenoids in the retina are thought to be mediated by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins (XBPs). A membrane-associated XBP was purified from human macula using ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel-exclusion chromatography. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed a prominent spot of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.7. Using mass spectral sequencing methods and the public NCBI database, it was identified as a Pi isoform of human glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1). Dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin displayed the highest affinity with an apparent Kd of 0.33 microm, followed by (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin with an apparent Kd of 0.52 microm. (3R,3'R,6'R)-Lutein did not display any high-affinity binding to GSTP1. Other human recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) proteins, GSTA1 and GSTM1, exhibited only low affinity binding of xanthophylls. (3R,3'S-meso)-Zeaxanthin, an optically inactive nondietary xanthophyll carotenoid present in the human macula, exhibited a strong induced CD spectrum in association with human macular XBP that was nearly identical to the CD spectrum induced by GSTP1. Like-wise, dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin displayed alterations in its CD spectrum in association with GSTP1 and XBP. Other mammalian xanthophyll carrier proteins such as tubulin, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, albumin, and beta-lactoglobulin did not bind zeaxanthins with high affinity, and they failed to induce or alter xanthophyll CD spectra to any significant extent. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody to GSTP1 on human macula sections showed highest labeling in the outer and inner plexiform layers. These results indicate that GSTP1 is a specific XBP in human macula that interacts with (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin and dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin in contrast to apparently weaker interactions with (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein.
A Survey on Policy Search Algorithms for Learning Robot Controllers in a Handful of Trials (2019)

Most policy search (PS) algorithms require thousands of training episodes to find an effective policy, which is often infeasible with a physical robot. This survey article focuses on the extreme other end of the spectrum: how can a robot adapt with only a handful of trials (a dozen) and a few minutes? By analogy with the word “big-data,” we refer to this challenge as “micro-data reinforcement learning.” In this article, we show that a first strategy is to leverage prior knowledge on the policy structure (e.g., dynamic movement primitives), on the policy parameters (e.g., demonstrations), or on the dynamics (e.g., simulators). A second strategy is to create data-driven surrogate models of the expected reward (e.g., Bayesian optimization) or the dynamical model (e.g., model-based PS), so that the policy optimizer queries the model instead of the real system. Overall, all successful micro-data algorithms combine these two strategies by varying the kind of model and prior knowledge. The current scientific challenges essentially revolve around scaling up to complex robots, designing generic priors, and optimizing the computing time.
The Role Analysis of Superheated Steam Injection to Improve Performance in Thin Heavy Oil Reservoir (2014)

Superheated steam has some special properties, such as high temperature but low pressure, high quality (100%), higher latent heat and larger specific volume. In this article, numerical simulation technology was employed to analyze performance of cyclic superheated steam stimulation in thin heavy oil reservoirs with different net pay, such as 1-3 m, 3-5 m and 5-10 m. By contrasting of incremental oil production, saving volume of steam consumption, distribution features of reservoir temperature and oil saturation after injecting conventional wet steam, hot saturated steam and superheated steam, the technological advantages of cyclic superheated steam stimulation was analyzed to develop heavy oil reservoirs. The results showed that incremental oil ability of superheated steam was much higher than conventional wet steam and hot saturated steam, but the degree of incremental oil gradually became slower when superheated degree was over 20 C. When the same volume of heavy oil was produced by the three kinds of steams, superheated steam could save steam consumption. 
The development of quinoloneesters as novel antimalarial agents targeting the Plasmodium falciparum bc<sub>1</sub>protein complex (2011)

Using the Gould-Jacobs methodology a small array of 6- and 7-substituted quinolones have been prepared. Analogues in the 7-series express activity as low as 0.46 nM versus Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites and docking studies performed in silico at the yeast Qo site demonstrate a key role for residues His182 and Glu 272 in the recognition of high potency inhibitors.
Identification of carotenoids in Erwinia herbicola and in a transformed Escherichia coli strain (1990)

The yellow pigments of Erwinia herbicola Eho 10 and of a transformed Escherichia coli LE392 pPL376 have been identified as carotenoids. HPLC separation, spectra and in some cases mass spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of phytoene (15-cis isomer), beta-carotene (all-trans, 9-cis and 15-cis), beta-cryptoxanthin ( = 3-hydroxy beta-carotene), zeaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy beta-carotene) and corresponding carotene glycosides. In addition, lycopene and gamma-carotene accumulated in the presence of the inhibitor 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine.HCl. Carotenoid content in the transformed E. coli was two-fold higher than in E. herbicola. The pattern of the carotenoids was similar in the two organisms. Inactivation of the katF gene in E. coli resulted in an 85% lowering of carotenoid formation, as did the addition of 0.5% glucose to the medium. Suppression of carotenoid formation by inactivation of the katF gene lowered, but did not abolish, the protection offered by carotenoids against inactivation by alpha-terthienyl plus near-ultraviolet light (320-400 nm).
A multiwavelength source having precise channel spacing based on external modulation and fiber Kerr nonlinearity (2002)

WDM is an attractive option for providing increased capacity in lightwave transmission systems and routing capability within optical networks. As the demand for the number of wavelengths in transport and local systems will continue to increase, new technological capabilities and designs for transmitters will be required to minimize the complexity and cost of the use of such large numbers of closely spaced wavelengths. Several approaches are being considered to address the wavelength stabilization and inventory issues. A very attractive solution to these problems is to use a wavelength-selectable laser. Wavelength-selectable source chips that can reach 4-6 channels have been reported, however reaching large numbers would heighten integration issues, such as yield and packaging. Recently, alternative approaches to multiwavelength sources (MWS) that can generate many or all of the system wavelengths have been reported. One of these sources consists of a mode-locked laser of the precise length to produce pulses at a repetition rate of 50 GHz and, hence, discrete cw frequency components with a separation of 50 GHz. Here we propose and demonstrate an MWS of cw wavelength channels that is based on a cw laser, external modulator, and the Kerr nonlinearity in an optical fiber.
Immunoreactivity and bioactivity of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in normal and heat-inactivated sera (1995)

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-potentiating effect of serum is due to LPS-binding protein (LBP), which facilitates the binding of LPS to CD14 receptors. We observed a remarkable heat sensitivity of recombinant LBP and various sera with respect to both immunoreactivity (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and bioactivity (potentiation of LPS induction of tumor necrosis factor in monocytes). Human sera were more active and more heat sensitive than fetal bovine sera. The commonly practiced heat inactivation of human serum (56 degrees C, 30 min) resulted in a 70% loss of bioactivity, which caused an apparent decrease in the potency of LPS.
Screenit: Visual Analysis of Cellular Screens (2016)

High-throughput and high-content screening enables large scale, cost-effective experiments in which cell cultures are exposed to a wide spectrum of drugs. The resulting multivariate data sets have a large but shallow hierarchical structure. The deepest level of this structure describes cells in terms of numeric features that are derived from image data. The subsequent level describes enveloping cell cultures in terms of imposed experiment conditions (exposure to drugs). We present Screenit, a visual analysis approach designed in close collaboration with screening experts. Screenit enables the navigation and analysis of multivariate data at multiple hierarchy levels and at multiple levels of detail. Screenit integrates the interactive modeling of cell physical states (phenotypes) and the effects of drugs on cell cultures (hits). In addition, quality control is enabled via the detection of anomalies that indicate low-quality data, while providing an interface that is designed to match workflows of screening experts. We demonstrate analyses for a real-world data set, CellMorph, with 6 million cells across 20,000 cell cultures.