gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Provisioning IoT Cloud Systems for Testing Uncertainties (2017)

Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) systems consist of both loosely and tightly interactions among various resources in IoT networks, edge servers and cloud data centers. These elements are being built atop virtualization layers and deployed in both edge and cloud infrastructures. They also deal with a lot of data through the interconnection of different types of networks and services. Therefore, several new types of uncertainties are emerging, such as data, actuation, and elasticity uncertainties. This triggers several challenges for testing uncertainty in such systems. However, there is a lack of novel ways to model and prepare the right infrastructural elements covering requirements for testing emerging uncertainties. In this paper, first we present techniques for modeling CPS/IoT Systems and their uncertainties to be tested. Second, we introduce techniques for determining and generating deployment configuration for testing in different IoT and cloud infrastructures. We illustrate our work with a real-world use case for monitoring and analysis of Base Transceiver Stations.
Radiation yield of hydrogen chloride in gamma‐irradiated poly(vinyl chloride) stabilized by epoxy compounds (1977)

Abstract The G HCI values of γ‐irradiated PVC mixtures were studied after addition of various amounts of three epoxy stabilizers: diglycidyl ether of 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl)propane (I); diglycidyl ether of 1,1‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane (II), and butyl‐ cis ‐9,10‐epoxystearate (III). The results indicated that two processes are essential for the stabilization: HCI capture by the epoxy groups, and an external protective effect, due to the remaining part of the stabilizer molecule. The role of the benzene rings in stabilizers I and II, as compared with the protective effect due to the long chains of stabilizer III, is not as dominant as one would expect.
Robust MVDR beamforming using time-frequency masks for online/offline ASR in noise (2016)

This paper considers acoustic beamforming for noise robust automatic speech recognition (ASR). A beamformer attenuates background noise by enhancing sound components coming from a direction specified by a steering vector. Hence, accurate steering vector estimation is paramount for successful noise reduction. Recently, a beamforming approach was proposed that employs time-frequency masks. In the speech recognition system we submitted to the CHiME-3 Challenge, we employed a new form of this approach that uses a speech spectral model based on a complex Gaussian mixture model (CGMM) to estimate the time-frequency masks and the steering vector without providing technical details. This paper elaborates on this technique and examines its effectiveness for ASR. Experimental results show that the CGMM-based approach outperforms a recently proposed mask estimator based on a Watson mixture model. In addition, the CGMM-based approach is extended to an online speech enhancement scenario, which allows this technique to be used in an online recognition setup. This online version reduces the CHiME-3 evaluation error rate from 15.60% to 8.47%, which is a comparable improvement to that obtained by batch processing.
Research on Smart Contract Optimization Method on Blockchain (2019)

The smart contract on the blockchain allows credible transactions without a third party. These transactions are traceable and irreversible. The deployment and implementation of smart contracts in Ethernet will consume some gas, which will directly affect the cost of smart contracts. In order to reduce the consumption of gas during the execution of smart contracts, this article proposes an optimization algorithm for generating business process smart contracts. First, business process modeling notation (BPMN) models are extended to Petri nets. Second, Petri nets are simplified to find nodes in BPMN models that can be considered fusion tasks. Using new mapping rules from the BPMN model to solidity language, BPMN model is generated into Ethereum Smart contract model. In the BPMN models with multilayer fusion task, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can save 15% gas on average for business processes with multiple fusion tasks.
Peripheral inflammatory markers in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 175 studies (2017)

These findings suggest that AD is accompanied by a peripheral inflammatory response and that IL-6 may be a useful biological marker to correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of these markers.
Clonal analysis of nestin– vimentin+ multipotent fibroblasts isolated from human dermis (2007)

Although several studies have shown that dermal fibroblasts possess adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation potential, no study has characterized this cell population in detail, and there is as yet no evidence that a single dermal fibroblast can differentiate into all these types of cells. In this study, dermal fibroblasts were isolated from human foreskin using a regular dermal fibroblast culture system. These cells could be expended in adherent culture for over 40 cell doublings. In addition, dermal fibroblasts exhibited adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic phenotypes when they were cultured in the presence of certain inducers. Importantly, clonal analysis showed that 6.4% (3/47) of the single-cell-derived clones were tripotent, 19.1% (9/47) of the clones were bipotent, and 10.6% (5/47) of the clones were unipotent. Furthermore, one of the three tested tripotent clones exhibited neurogenic and hepatogenic differentiation potential. Phenotypic analyses showed that the tripotent fibroblasts were nestin(-) vimentin(+), which is different from the dermis-derived stem cells reported by others. These results indicate that dermal fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population containing progenitors with various levels of differentiation potential, and the nestin(-) vimentin(+) fibroblasts may represent a novel type of multipotent adult stem cells in human dermis.
Detection of Antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi Sca Proteins in Scrub Typhus Patients and Genetic Variation of <i>sca</i> Genes of Different Strains (2012)

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, is one of the main causes of acute febrile illness in the Asian-Pacific region. Although early diagnosis and immediate antibiotic treatment are critical for reducing disease severity and mortality, current diagnostic methods using serological and molecular approaches have some limitations in sensitivity and applicability in clinical laboratories. In this study, we identified and characterized O. tsutsugamushi surface cell antigen (sca) family genes encoding autotransporter proteins in order to test them as novel diagnostic targets. We evaluated antibody responses against the Sca proteins in scrub typhus patient sera and examined the genetic diversity of these genes in different strains after PCR amplification. Specific antibody responses against ScaA and ScaC were observed in patients with high indirect immunofluorescence assay titers (≥1:640), whereas specific responses against ScaB and ScaE were relatively low. Genetic analysis using genomic DNAs revealed the sca genes to be quite variable among the different strains. In contrast to scaA, scaC, and scaD, which were detected in all of the tested strains, scaB and scaE were amplified differentially from the different strains, suggesting a differential presence of the genes in the genomes. Among the members of the gene family, the sequence of scaC is the most highly conserved between the different strains, and the size of scaD is the most variable due to the presence of different numbers of internal repeat sequences. These results suggest that the sca genes of O. tsutsugamushi may be valuable targets for use in combination with classical assay methods for scrub typhus diagnosis.
[Noise exposure in neonatal intensive care units]. (1995)

This study evaluates the exposure of newborn babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) to noise which can cause hearing lesions directly (acoustic trauma) as well as indirectly (hypoxia). Moreover, noise can have an aggravating effect when combined with other potentially harmful factors in the NICU, such as ototoxic medication or stress due to other external stimuli, such as excessively bright light, lack of a day/night rhythm or pain. Sound pressure levels were measured in the NICU and inside the cribs in various experimental conditions, classified under 3 different types of sound events: constant background noise, variations in background noise and impulsive events. The main sources of noise detected were crib noise generated by ventilation and temperature control systems, ambient noise in the room, noise caused by the staff in the NICU, noise generated by crib alarm systems and NICU apparatus and noise caused by activity on the crib cover or on its plexiglas top. Findings revealed that the influence of ambient noise is fairly irrelevant. Background noise and its variations concerned with activities in the department never exceeded the limits considered potentially harmful to adults (DRC), whereas the impulsive noise generated by staff on the cribs or on the plexiglas tops was considerable and potentially harmful. These findings demonstrate that it is feasible and relatively easy to control noise in the NICU and significantly reduce the impulsive noise component by training staff to be more careful and avoid any unnecessary jolting and rough handling on and near the cribs.
Aluminium nitride: review of synthesis methods (1993)

AbstractAbstractSeveral technologies have been reported for the synthesis of AlN. These are reviewed and described in detail. The processes are classified according to the principle of synthesis, and the AlN product characteristics for each method of synthesis are identified. Only two of the methods reported, direct nitridation and carbothermal reduction, are currently used industrially. Due to the requirement for higher quality AlN powders, several other methods are being developed. The level of development, the principle of synthesis, the raw materials used, the reaction products, and the powder characteristics of the synthesis methods are discussed. Where appropriate, environmental or safety concerns are identified. Process flowcharts for each of the technologies were developed on the basis of information available.MST/1794
Characterization of asphaltenes aggregation and fragmentation in a shear field (2003)

Abstract Aggregation and breakup of asphaltenes flocs in a Couette flow device are studied for various values of shear rate (G), volume fraction of particles (φ), and solvent composition (ratio of toluene to n‐heptane in the solution X s ). The number average asphaltene aggregate size initially increases before achieving a maximum size and then decreases until reaching a steady‐state value that reflects a balance between aggregation and fragmentation. Increasing the applied shear rate leads to higher aggregation and fragmentation rates, reducing the steady‐state average aggregate size and the characteristic relaxation time required to achieve a steady state. For a fixed value of G, when either φ is increased or X s is decreased, the steady‐state floc size increases. The kinetics of the aggregation‐fragmentation process and the attainment of steady state by asphaltenes aggregates were modeled using a population balance approach. The model describes the time evolution of the average floc size using fitted parameters (the breakup coefficient for shear fragmentation, b and the porosity of the aggregates ϵ). Binary breakage was included in calculations and collision efficiency was assumed to be equal to one.
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a form of immune suppressive/modulating therapy and, similar to other immune drugs, is largely ineffective in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Future autologous HSCT studies performed in SPMS should be limited to SPMS with ongoing disease activity, have a control treatment arm, monitor brain and cervical cord atrophy, and utilize a conditioning regimen that does not increase early post-HSCT central nervous system atrophy as demonstrated on magnetic resonance (MRI).
Development of Immunohistochemistry Assays to Assess GALNT14 and FUT3/6 in Clinical Trials of Dulanermin and Drozitumab (2010)

GALNT14 and FUT3/6 expression can be assessed in human tumors using sensitive and specific IHC assays. Both assays are being deployed in ongoing clinical trials of dulanermin and drozitumab to assess potential utility for patient selection.
A novel CVD polymeric anti-reflective coating (PARC) for DRAM, flash and logic device with 0.1 μm CoSi/sub 2/ gate (2002)

A novel CVD polymeric anti-reflective coating (PARC) process has been developed for KrF lithography. The refractive index, n, and extinction coefficient, k, of PARC are tuned to match the optical properties of substrates. PARC is a conformal layer of thin polymer film, which significantly improves the CD uniformity of critical layers such as Poly Si gate and other features over topography. Since PARC is a pure polymeric material, it is easily removed by the conventional dry ash process. The ease of removal of PARC from Poly Si is particularly beneficial to the formation of salicide for advanced logic devices. In this paper, PARC is used to fabricate devices with 0.1 /spl mu/m CoSi/sub 2/ gate. Furthermore, the etching rate of PARC is about 500% higher than that of organic BARC for DUV photoresist, so that there is less DUV resist loss during ARC open step. PARC is a useful and low-cost process to extend KrF lithography for sub-0.15 /spl mu/m devices.
VIS speeds new media processing (1996)

UltraSparc's Visual Instruction Set, described here in detail, accelerates some widely used media-processing algorithms by as much as seven times. Today's new media, increasingly sophisticated 3D graphics environments, videoconferencing, MPEG video playback, 3D visualization, image processing, and so on, demand enhancements to conventional RISC instruction sets, which were not originally designed to handle such applications. The Visual Instruction Set (VIS) is a comprehensive set of RISC-style instructions targeted at accelerating this new media processing.
Regulation of calcium channels in brain: implications for the clinical neurosciences. (1987)

Calcium is a major second messenger in neurons and modulates many neuronal functions, including protein phosphorylation, phospholipid metabolism, cytoskeletal activity, and neurotransmitter release. These important events, which regulate neuronal activity, are directly dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium through voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) in the neuronal membrane. Modulation of VSCC function represents an important strategy for regulating neuronal excitability. Although substantial evidence supports the ability of dihydropyridines to block VSCCs and contractility in cardiovascular tissue, their ability to block the majority of neuronal VSCCs remains controversial. Benzodiazepines, and other anticonvulsants, block depolarization-dependent 45Ca uptake through VSCCs in brain synaptosome preparations. In addition, benzodiazepines reduce voltage-gated calcium conductance as determined by voltage clamp studies of identified invertebrate neurons. Inhibition of VSCC activity may be an important mechanism by which these compounds produce their anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Intrasomal injection of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase modulates calcium conductance in invertebrate neurons, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may be an endogenous regulatory mechanism of VSCC activity. Developing novel pharmacological approaches to regulating VSCCs and understanding the endogenous regulatory mechanisms may lead to new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of neurological diseases.
Challenges in Enzymatic Route of Mannitol Production (2012)

Mannitol is an important biochemical often used as medicine and in food sector, yet its biotechnological is not preffered in Industry for large scale production, which may be due to the multistep mechanism involved in hydrogenation and reduction. This paper is a comparative preview covering present chemical and biotechnological approaches existing today for mannitol production at industrial scale. Biotechnological routes are suitable for adaptation at industrial level for mannitol production, and whatever concerns are there had been discussed in detail, namely, raw materials, broad range of enzymes with high activity at elevated temperature suitable for use in reactor, cofactor limitation, reduced by-product formation, end product inhibition, and reduced utilization of mannitol for enhancing the yield with maximum volumetric productivity.
Adatom-assisted structural transformations of fullerenes (2006)

Microscopic mechanism of autocatalytic structural transformations of fullerenes is investigated by the action-derived molecular dynamics. Dynamic pathways and the corresponding activation energies are obtained for the Stone-Wales transformation in fullerene and the fullerene coalescence, under the presence of extra carbon atoms. The adatom-assisted Stone-Wales transformation is proved to be a highly probable process unit for the structural transformations and annealing treatments of carbon-based graphitic networks. The complex processes of adatom-assisted fullerene coalescence, yielding very low activation energies, are presented.
Improving the adaptive rate QAM-DFE systems performance by using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (2002)

An adaptive modulation scheme using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) to counteract frequency and time selective radio channel fading is proposed. In wireless time division duplex (TDD) topologies, this scheme is shown to overcome the limitations of recently proposed adaptive modulation with decision feedback equalization (DFE) systems. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Cutaneous Vasculopathy Associated with Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine (2012)

We report a case of cutaneous vasculopathy associated with the use of levamisole-adulterated cocaine. This recently described clinical entity is characterized by a purpuric rash with a predilection for the ears, leukopenia, and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity. It is estimated that more than 70% of the current United States cocaine supply is contaminated with levamisole. Levamisole is a widely available, inexpensive, white powder used as a "cutting agent" in cocaine to expand volume and increase profits. It may also increase the euphoric and stimulatory effects of cocaine by increasing brain dopamine levels and producing amphetamine-like metabolites. Our patient exhibited a characteristic rash with involvement of the ears, leukopenia, and cocaine metabolites were detected in serum and urine. The presence of levamisole was confirmed in the urine utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANCA positivity was also present. Punch biopsy of the skin demonstrated vascular thrombosis and necrosis without true vasculitis. We review the literature for reported cases of cocaine-levamisole cutaneous vasculopathy syndrome, highlight the salient immunologic abnormalities, and contrast the features of this entity with idiopathic systemic vasculitis.
Integrated circuits for multiband multimode receivers (2006)

The need for different types of wireless connections to mobile terminals has increased rapidly during the last few years. The mobile terminal must be able to connect to globally existing cellular networks, as well as to different ad-hoc networks. The receivers designed for these terminals must achieve a high integration level and a high level of component sharing to meet the strict size and cost requirements. In addition, the performance of a multimode receiver must be compatible with existing single-system receivers. New process technologies, which use low supply voltages and are optimised for digital circuitry, set additional challenges for future receiver design. Several integrated receiver ICs for the multimode and multiband transceivers have been published to meet these demands. This paper gives a review of these circuit solutions and a brief introduction to the demands set by different systems and receiver architectures for the design of the multimode and multiband receiver
An Internally Heated Shape Memory Polymer Dry Adhesive (2014)

A conductive epoxy-based shape memory polymer (SMP) is demonstrated using carbon black (CB) as a dopant for the purpose of creating an SMP dry adhesive system which can internally generate the heat required for activation. The electrical and mechanical properties of the CB/SMP blends for varying dopant concentrations are characterized. A composite adhesive is created to minimize surface contact resistance to conductive tape acting as electrodes, while maintaining bulk resistivity required for heat generation due to current flow. The final adhesive can function on flat or curved surfaces. As a demonstration, a 25 mm wide by 45 mm long dry adhesive strip is shown to heat evenly from an applied voltage, and can easily hold a mass in excess of 6 kg when bonded to a spherical concave glass surface using light pressure at 75 °C.
Statistical design techniques for yield enhancement of low voltage CMOS VLSI (2002)

Since random device/process variations do not scale down with feature size or supply voltage, statistical design of low voltage circuits is essential in order to keep functional yields of low voltage circuits at levels that are competitive and cost effective. This is particularly true for low voltage analog ICs. This paper presents a robust design of a low voltage square-law CMOS composite cell, using statistical VLSI design tools. The Response Surface Methodology and Design of Experiment techniques were used as statistical tools. This paper shows that statistical techniques will result in area/layout optimization which will enhance functional yield of low voltage analog ICs.
THE EFFECT OF IN-LINE MICROWAVE ENERGY ON BLOOD: A POTENTIAL MODALITY FOR BLOOD WARMING (1991)

The treatment of hypothermia associated with hemorrhage, exposure, or intraoperative intervention continues to represent a challenge for trauma care teams. An innovative technique for combining microwave heating with continuous temperature monitoring into a feedback-controlled system for blood warming has been developed. The effect of microwave warming on the structure and function of blood was compared with that in nonheated controls. Erythrocyte structural integrity (hemolysis) was evaluated by comparing levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), potassium (K+), and plasma hemoglobin (PHGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in heated and nonheated (control) samples of banked red blood cells. Hemoglobin function was evaluated in fresh blood by comparing the P50 and hemoglobin electrophoresis of experimental and control samples. Prewarming temperatures were 3 degrees or 23 degrees C; temperatures after warming were 35 degrees, 37 degrees, or 39 degrees C. The results reflect the percentage of changes for 84 heated and 24 unheated blood samples. There were no statistical differences in any of the biochemical variables measured. The P50 for three heated and three unheated samples was 30.7 +/- 1.2 and 30.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg (p greater than 0.05). There were no changes in the hemoglobin electrophoretic patterns in experimental or control samples. This system is designed to deliver microwave energy in a uniform and controlled manner, overcoming the limitations of conventional microwave ovens that in the past caused local overheating and subsequent hemolysis when used for blood warming. The structural and functional integrity of erythrocytes after microwave warming indicate the safety and effectiveness of this technique.