gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Adsorption on the Doped (110) Ceria Surface (2009)

Doping of metal oxides can be used to modify their reactivity with respect to oxygen vacancy formation and molecular adsorption, key reactions in the applications of oxides in catalysis. In this article, we study the effects of Ti, Zr, and Hf doping on CO adsorption on the (110) surface of cerium dioxide and NO adsorption at the same surface with oxygen vacancy defects, using density functional theory, corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (DFT+U). The dopants substitute a Ce atom in the surface layer, resulting in strong structural distortions to the surface and smaller oxygen vacancy formation energies compared to the undoped surface. On the doped surfaces, CO adsorbs much more strongly compared to the undoped surface, forming a structure similar to a carbonate unit [(CO3)2−], in which a CO2 unit points away from the surface. The presence of a carbonate is confirmed by analysis of the electronic structure and vibrational frequencies. On the defective surface with one oxygen vacancy, NO adsorption is weak, so that NO sits above a defective surface. Consistent with the literature, adsorption of two NO molecules at neighboring vacancy sites results in strong adsorption and formation of a N—N-like bond, as well as lengthening of the N—O bonds. However, the energetics of this process at the doped surfaces are not as favorable as at the undoped surface. Computed energetics for CO oxidation and NO reduction show that improving the oxidative power of the oxide makes molecular reduction less favorable.
Obstructive Jaundice Expands Intrahepatic Regulatory T Cells, Which Impair Liver T Lymphocyte Function but Modulate Liver Cholestasis and Fibrosis (2011)

Although obstructive jaundice has been associated with a predisposition toward infections, the effects of bile duct ligation (BDL) on bulk intrahepatic T cells have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of BDL on liver T cell phenotype and function. After BDL in mice, we found that bulk liver T cells were less responsive to allogeneic or syngeneic Ag-loaded dendritic cells. Spleen T cell function was not affected, and the viability of liver T cells was preserved. BDL expanded the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), which were anergic to direct CD3 stimulation and mediated T cell suppression in vitro. Adoptively transferred CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were converted into Treg within the liver after BDL. In vivo depletion of Treg after BDL restored bulk liver T cell function but exacerbated the degrees of inflammatory cytokine production, cholestasis, and hepatic fibrosis. Thus, BDL expands liver Treg, which reduce the function of bulk intrahepatic T cells yet limit liver injury.
Coastal-change and glaciological maps of Antarctica (1995)

In spite of their importance to global climate and sea level, the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and the dynamics of the coast of Antarctica are largely unknown. In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Scott Polar Research Institute. U.K., began a long-term coastal mapping project in Antarctica that is based on analysis of Landsat images and ancillary sources. The project has live objectives: (1) to determine coastline changes that have occurred between the mid-1970s and the late 1980s/early 1990s; (2) to establish an accurate base-line series of 24 1: 1 000 000 scale maps that define the glaciological characteristics of the coastline: (3) to determine velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves: (4) to compile a comprehensive inventory of outlet glaciers and ice streams: and (5) to compile a 1: 5 000 000 scale map of Antarctica derived from the 24 maps. Analysis of images used in producing the first five of the 24 maps has shown that ice fronts, iceberg tongues and glacier tongues are the most dynamic and changeable features in the coastal regions of Antarctica. Seaward of the grounding line of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, the floating margin is subject to frequent, large calving events and rapid flow. Although calving does occur along ice walls, the magnitude of their change on an annual to decadal basis is generally not discernible on Landsat images; therefore, ice walls can be used as relatively stable reference features for measuring other changes along the coast. Velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves range from 0.1 to several kilometers per year.
Novel Surface Modification of Indium-Tin-Oxide Films Using Ion Implantation for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2004)

Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) films doped using an ion implantation system were used as the anode electrode of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Changes in the characteristics of the doped ITO films were observed and measured in terms of sheet resistance, Hall mobility, contact angle, roughness, transmittance and work function. Boron dopant was used as an impurity to modify the surface of the ITO films. The depth profile of boron concentration was monitored by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as a function of dose. Optimum dose was 5×10 14 atoms/cm 3 at which resistance was lowest. The resistance variation from 16 Ω/sq. of the conventional ITO to 11 Ω/sq. of doped ITO shows that the doped ITO films become more conductive after doping and thermal annealing. The Hall mobility and carrier concentration of boron-doped ITO was 40.4 cm 2 /Vs and -9.32×10 20 /cm 3 respectively. Contact angle and roughness were investigated by the sessile drop technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM). After doping, the water contact angle of the film surface was changed from 55° to 38° and the root-mean-square roughness of the films was similar to that of conventional ITO. Transmittance in the visible spectrum range was increased from 91% to 96%. Work function was improved from 4.66 eV to 4.86 eV. An OLED device fabricated with a multilayer, boron-doped-ITO/CuPc/NPD/Alq3:C545T/Alq3/LiF/Al, was tested. The device had a luminance of 780 cd/m 2 and the lifetime was also increased by approximately 25% compared with those of ITO devices produced under the same conditions.
Analyses of Wind Energy Impact on WFEC System Operations: Preprint (2006)

Article for the Journal of Solar Energy Engineering which analyzes system and wind energy data recorded by WFEC and evaluates the effects of wind energy on system operations.
SPECIALISED IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE EVALUATION OF HYPERSENSITIVITY - AN OVERVIEW (2006)

Hypersensitivity reactions can be differentiated into IgE- and non-IgE-mediated allergic and also nonallergic reactions. In this article we explore currently available tests used to distinguish non-IgE conditions. Testing involves not only estimation of the different antibody types but also cellular activation and inflammatory markers.
A VERY LARGE ARRAY SEARCH FOR 5 GHz RADIO TRANSIENTS AND VARIABLES AT LOW GALACTIC LATITUDES (2011)

We present the results of a 5 GHz survey with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the expanded VLA, designed to search for short-lived (≾1 day) transients and to characterize the variability of radio sources at milli-Jansky levels. A total sky area of 2.66 deg^2, spread over 141 fields at low Galactic latitudes (b≅6-8 deg), was observed 16 times with a cadence that was chosen to sample timescales of days, months, and years. Most of the data were reduced, analyzed, and searched for transients in near real-time. Interesting candidates were followed up using visible light telescopes (typical delays of 1-2 hr) and the X-ray Telescope on board the Swift satellite. The final processing of the data revealed a single possible transient with a peak flux density of f_ν≅2.4 mJy. This implies a transient's sky surface density of κ(f_ν > 1.8 mJy) = 0.039^(+0.13 +0.18)_(–0.032,–0.038) deg^(–2) (1σ, 2σ confidence errors). This areal density is roughly consistent with the sky surface density of transients from the Bower et al. survey extrapolated to 1.8 mJy. Our observed transient areal density is consistent with a neutron star's origin for these events. Furthermore, we use the data to measure the source variability on timescales of days to years, and we present the variability structure function of 5 GHz sources. The mean structure function shows a fast increase on ≈1 day timescale, followed by a slower increase on timescales of up to 10 days. On timescales between 10 and 60 days, the structure function is roughly constant. We find that ≳30% of the unresolved sources brighter than 1.8 mJy are variables at the >4σ confidence level, presumably mainly due to refractive scintillation.
Correlation of Hemodynamically Significant Internal Carotid Stenosis with Pulsed Doppler Frequency Analysis (1984)

Systolic and mean pressure gradients across internal carotid stenoses were measured at the time of carotid endarterectomy in the arteries of 90 patients, all of whom underwent angiography. Eighty-two of these patients also had pulsed Doppler ultrasonic arteriography with real-time spectrum analysis. There were 71 (79%) high grade stenoses of greater than 50% diameter reduction by angiography. Significant systolic pressure gradients (greater than or equal to 10 mmHg) were identified in 41 patients (46%), 38 (46%) of whom underwent ultrasonic evaluation. A pulsed Doppler frequency measured within the stenosis equal to or greater than 6.5 kiloHertz had a sensitivity of 94.7% (36/38) in identifying pressure reducing lesions with a specificity of 47.7% (21/44). Positive predictive value was 61% (36/59). Angiographic criteria (50% diameter reduction) exhibited a sensitivity of 97.6% (40/41), a specificity of 36.7% (18/49) and a positive predictive value of 56.3% (40/71). Negative predictive value was 94.7% for angiography and 91.3% for ultrasonic arteriography. A pulsed Doppler frequency equal to or greater than 6.5 kiloHertz appears to accurately identify lesions that are at risk to reduce distal internal carotid pressure under operative conditions with a sensitivity similar to angiography. This criterion has a positive predictive value and specificity that is slightly superior to angiography and a high negative predictive value. Pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis provides physiologic information relative to blood flow velocity that is complimentary to the anatomic data provided by angiography for assessing the potential for hemodynamic significance of internal carotid stenoses.
A unifying framework for robot control with redundant DOFs (2007)

Recently, Udwadia (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 2003:1783–1800, 2003) suggested to derive tracking controllers for mechanical systems with redundant degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) using a generalization of Gauss’ principle of least constraint. This method allows reformulating control problems as a special class of optimal controllers. In this paper, we take this line of reasoning one step further and demonstrate that several well-known and also novel nonlinear robot control laws can be derived from this generic methodology. We show experimental verifications on a Sarcos Master Arm robot for some of the derived controllers. The suggested approach offers a promising unification and simplification of nonlinear control law design for robots obeying rigid body dynamics equations, both with or without external constraints, with over-actuation or underactuation, as well as open-chain and closed-chain kinematics.
Efficient Hardware Post Processing of Anchor-Based Object Detection on FPGA (2020)

Object detection has been widely adopted in video analysis and image understanding. Anchor-based object detection has achieved good performance on the scale variation that is one long-standing problem for object detection. The postprocessing is an essential step of anchor-based object detection after convolutional neural networks (CNN) and it requires long computation time on CPU or GPU. In this paper, we propose an efficient FPGA solution using fixed-point representation for the postprocessing. The quantization error of fixed-point representation is mainly from the sigmoid function and the exponent function. In order to reduce the error, we implement the sigmoid function and exponent function on FPGA respectively employing piecewise non-linear approximation and "LUT and shifting" method. The performance of both functions has been demonstrated to realize 10-4 accuracy. In addition, the Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) is also employed and implemented to reduce redundant objects bounding boxes. Based on these, a fast and resource-efficient accelerator for postprocessing is implemented on Intel Arria 10 FPGA. By using only about 1% of the FPGA hardware resources, our design can achieve about 111×, 50×, and 290× speedup compared to the software implementations on desktop CPU, GPU, and the embedded CPU inside FPGA, respectively.
Spectroscopic Measurements of Oxygen Saturation in the Retina (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We introduce a new type of retinal oximeter able to capture multiple spectroscopic sensitive images of the retina in a single snapshot. The core of our apparatus is a multiaperture camera that can be easily interfaced with a fundus camera system. A lenslet array divides the image collected by a fundus camera into identical subimages. A bandpass filter array in front of the lens system is used to collect the subimages only at the wavelengths of interest. Two different instruments were designed based on this simple principle. The first system can collect six different images, while the second system can collect up to 18 different images in a single snapshot. </para>
Acute and Chronic Cutaneous Reactions to Ionizing Radiation Therapy (2016)

Ionizing radiation is an important treatment modality for a variety of malignant conditions. However, development of radiation-induced skin changes is a significant adverse effect of radiation therapy (RT). Cutaneous repercussions of RT vary considerably in severity, course, and prognosis. When they do occur, cutaneous changes to RT are commonly graded as acute, consequential-late, or chronic. Acute reactions can have severe sequelae that impact quality of life as well as cancer treatment. Thus, dermatologists should be informed about these adverse reactions, know how to assess their severity and be able to determine course of management. The majority of measures currently available to prevent these acute reactions are proper skin hygiene and topical steroids, which limit the severity and decrease symptoms. Once acute cutaneous reactions develop, they are treated according to their severity. Treatments are similar to those used in prevention, but incorporate wound care management that maintains a moist environment to hasten recovery. Chronic changes are a unique subset of adverse reactions to RT that may develop months to years following treatment. Chronic radiation dermatitis is often permanent, progressive, and potentially irreversible with substantial impact on quality of life. Here, we also review the etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, prevention, and management of late-stage cutaneous reactions to radiotherapy, including chronic radiation dermatitis and radiation-induced fibrosis.
Statin-Associated Myopathy (2003)

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are associated with skeletal muscle complaints, including clinically important myositis and rhabdomyolysis, mild serum creatine kinase (CK) elevations, myalgia with and without elevated CK levels, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and persistent myalgia and CK elevations after statin withdrawal. We performed a literature review to provide a clinical summary of statin-associated myopathy and discuss possible mediating mechanisms. We also update the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports on statin-associated rhabdomyolysis. Articles on statin myopathy were identified via a PubMed search through November 2002 and articles on statin clinical trials, case series, and review articles were identified via a PubMed search through January 2003. Adverse event reports of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis were also collected from the FDA MEDWATCH database. The literature review found that reports of muscle problems during statin clinical trials are extremely rare. The FDA MEDWATCH Reporting System lists 3339 cases of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis reported between January 1, 1990, and March 31, 2002. Cerivastatin was the most commonly implicated statin. Few data are available regarding the frequency of less-serious events such as muscle pain and weakness, which may affect 1% to 5% of patients. The risk of rhabdomyolysis and other adverse effects with statin use can be exacerbated by several factors, including compromised hepatic and renal function, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and concomitant medications. Medications such as the fibrate gemfibrozil alter statin metabolism and increase statin plasma concentration. How statins injure skeletal muscle is not clear, although recent evidence suggests that statins reduce the production of small regulatory proteins that are important for myocyte maintenance.
Incorporation of liquid fillers into silicone foams to enhance the electro-mechanical properties (2020)

Silicone foams with and without liquid fillers (silicone oils of various types and glycerol, respectively) are synthesized and analyzed to be used as dielectric layers in capacitive sensors. A simple fabrication technique involving only four components i.e. Sylgard 184, glycerol, sodium hydroxide and ethanol is used to make these silicone foams after which they are filled with silicone oil or glycerol by soaking the foam in respective liquid. Mechanical and dielectric properties of the foams are examined. The oil reinforces the foam’s dielectric properties, softens the foam and improves its capacitive response, making it a very good dielectric material for fabricating capacitive pressure sensors. Compared to dry silicone foams, foams filled with – and swollen by – chloropropyl-functional silicone oil, show a low Young’s modulus (31 kPa), a high and stable relative dielectric permittivity of around 5, and a high capacitive response of 132% for an applied pressure of 12 kPa. The presence of oil stabilizes the soft foam and ensures that it does not buckle under high pressure.
Channel estimation standard and adaptive blind equalization (2003)

A novel concept of channel estimation standard (CES) is introduced. The convexity property of the CES cost function is shown. The application of CES to the process of adaptive blind equalization is illustrated, where a new CES error criterion is then proposed. An algorithm for the process of adaptive blind equalization has been developed and simulated for a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) communication system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Floating-point bit-width optimization for low-power signal processing applications (2002)

To enable floating-point (FP) signal processing applications in low-power mobile devices, we propose a lightweight FP design flow that can optimize the bit-width configuration. The optimization considers both the hardware cost and the numerical precision. Variable grouping is used to reduce the complexity of optimization by connecting software description and hardware implementation. The optimization algorithm is able to avoid local optima, and multiple-phase optimization helps to reduce the cost further. We apply the proposed design flow to the design of inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT), and show that the power consumption of our lightweight FP IDCT is comparable to an optimized fixed-point design. In addition, promising results on some real-world applications such as video coding and speech recognition demonstrate that lightweight FP signal processing will find more and more applications in low-power devices.
Microtubule Dynamics: Mechanism, Regulation, And Function (1991)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Chamulteon: Coordinated Auto-Scaling of Micro-Services (2019)

Nowadays, in order to keep track of the fast changing requirements of Internet applications, auto-scaling is used as an essential mechanism for adapting the number of provisioned resources to the resource demand. The straightforward approach is to deploy a set of common and opensource single-service auto-scalers for each service independently. However, this deployment leads to problems such as bottleneck-shifting and increased oscillations. Existing auto-scalers that scale applications consisting of multiple services are kept closed-source. To face these challenges, we first survey existing auto-scalers and highlight current challenges. Then, we introduce Chamulteon, a redesign of our previously introduced mechanism, which can scale applications consisting of multiple services in a coordinated manner. We evaluate Chamulteon against four different well-cited auto-scalers in four sets of measurement-based experiments where we use diverse environments (VM vs. Docker), real-world traces, and vary the scale of the demanded resources. Overall, Chamulteon achieves the best auto-scaling performance based on established user-oriented and endorsed elasticity metrics.
Requirement of the tyrosines at residues 258 and 270 of MAIR-I in inhibitory effect on degranulation from basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 (2004)

Mast cells and basophils express the high affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) and play a central role for IgE-associated immediate hypersensitivity reactions and allergic disorders.Cross-linking of FceRIbound IgE with multivalent antigen initiates the activation of mast cells and basophils, resulting in the degranulation from these cells.We have recently identified a novel inhibitory receptor, myeloidassociated immunoglobulin-like receptor (MAIR)-I, which is expressed on mast cells as well as other myeloid cell lineages.Co-ligation of FceRI and MAIR-I inhibits IgE-mediated degranulation from mast cells.However, MAIR-I-mediated signaling pathways involved in the inhibition remain undetermined.Here, we demonstrate that the transfectant of rat basophil leukemia RBL-2H3 expressing wild-type MAIR-I is tyrosine phosphorylated and recruits SHP-1 and SHIP upon cross-linking of MAIR-I.By using RBL-2H3 transfectants expressing variable mutant MAIR-I at Y 233 , Y 258 , Y 270 and/or Y 299 , we further demonstrate that both Y 258 and Y 270 , but not Y 233 and Y 299 , were phosphorylated and were essentially required for inhibition of IgE-mediated degranulation from the RBL-2H3 transfectant.