gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binocular Lens Tilt and Decentration Measurements in Healthy Subjects with Phakic Eyes (2008)

Lens tilts and positions could be conveniently measured with the described portable device, a video camera with a large lens. That the lenses were tilted to the temporal side in both eyes, even if corrected for kappa, was unexpected. That they were displaced downward with respect to the pupil center could be related to gravity.
Enzymatic Detoxification of HC-toxin, the Host-Selective Cyclic Peptide from <i>Cochliobolus carbonum</i> (1991)

Resistance to the fungal plant pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 and to its host-selective toxin, HC-toxin, is determined by Hm, a single dominant gene in the host plant maize, (Zea mays L). Radiolabeled HC-toxin of specific activity 70 milliCuries per millimole, prepared by feeding tritiated d,l-alanine to the fungus, was used to study its fate in maize leaf tissues. HC-toxin was converted by resistant leaf segments to a single compound, identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance as the 8-hydroxy derivative of HC-toxin formed by reduction of the 8-keto group of 2-amino-9, 10-epoxy-8-oxo-decanoic acid, one of the amino acids in HC-toxin. Reduction of HC-toxin occurred in cell-free preparations from etiolated (Hm/hm) maize shoots, and the activity was sensitive to heat and proteolytic digestion, dependent on NADPH, and inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and disulfiram. The enzyme (from the Hm/hm genotype) was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and diethylaminoethyl-ion exchange chromatography. By gel filtration chromatography, the enzyme had a molecular weight of 42,000. NADH was approximately 30% as effective as NADPH as a hydride donor, and flavin-containing cofactors had no effect on activity. When HC-toxin was introduced to maize leaf segments through the transpiration stream, leaf segments from both resistant and susceptible maize inactivated toxin equally well over a time-course of 9 hours. Although these data suggest no relationship between toxin metabolism and host selectivity, we discuss findings in apparent conflict with the current data and describe why the relationship between enzymatic reduction of HC-toxin and Hm remains unresolved.
AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO MINING ROBUST MULTI-RESOLUTION WEB PROFILES AND CONTEXT SENSITIVE URL ASSOCIATIONS (2002)

We present a technique for simultaneously mining Web navigation patterns and maximally frequent context-sensitive itemsets (URL associations) from the historic user access data stored in Web server logs. A new hierarchical clustering technique that exploits the symbiosis between clusters in feature space and genetic biological niches in nature, called Hierarchical Unsupervised Niche Clustering (H-UNC) is presented. We use H-UNC as part of a complete system of knowledge discovery in Web usage data. Our approach does not necessitate fixing the number of clusters in advance, is insensitive to initialization, can handle noisy data, general non-differentiable similarity measures, and automatically provides profiles at multiple resolution levels. Our experiments show that our algorithm is not only capable of extracting meaningful user profiles on real Web sites, but also discovers associations between distinct URL pages on a site, with no additional cost. Unlike content based association methods, our approach discovers associations between different Web pages based only on the user access patterns and not on the page content. Also, unlike traditional context-blind association discovery methods, H-UNC discovers context-sensitive associations which are only meaningful within a limited context/user profile.
Stochastic similarity for validating human control strategy models (1998)

Modeling dynamic human control strategy (HCS), or human skill in response to real-time sensing is becoming an increasingly popular paradigm in many different research areas. We propose a stochastic similarity measure, based on hidden Markov model analysis, capable of comparing and contrasting stochastic, dynamic, multidimensional trajectories. We first derive and demonstrate properties of the similarity measure for stochastic systems. We then apply the similarity measure to real-time human driving data by comparing different control strategies among different individuals. We show that the proposed similarity measure out performs the more traditional Bayes classifier in correctly grouping driving data from the same individual. Finally, we illustrate how the similarity measure can be used in the validation of models which are learned from experimental data, and how we can connect model validation and model learning to iteratively improve our models of HCS.
Natural Product Hybrids as New Leads for Drug Discovery (2003)

Natural products play an important role in the development of drugs, especially for the treatment of infections and cancer, as well as immunosuppressive compounds. However, the number of natural products is limited, whereas millions of hybrids as combinations of parts of different natural products can be prepared. This new approach seems to be very promising in the development of leads for both medicinal and agrochemical applications, as the biological activity of several new hybrids exceeds that of the parent compounds. The advantage of this concept over a combinatorial chemistry approach is the high diversity and the inherent biological activity of the hybrids.
Hydrocarbon selectivity from cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (1992)

A cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was studied in a continuous-flow, well-stirred slurry reactor at 220 to 240{degrees}C, 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, H{sub 2}/CO feed ratios between 1.5 and 3.5, H{sub 2} conversions between 6 and 68%, and CO conversions between 11 and 73%. Increasing space velocity (decreasing conversion) or decreasing reactor H{sub 2}/CO ratio decreased the yield of (undesired) C{sub 1} products and increased the yield of (desired) C{sub 10}+ products. Reactor temperature and pressure had little effect on the carbon number distribution. These findings are interpreted in terms of the extent of the readsorption of 1-alkenes into growing chains on the catalyst surface. The relative selectivity to 1-alkenes by the primary synthesis and secondary reaction of l-alkenes to n-alkanes and 2-alkenes depends on reactor H{sub 2}/CO ratio and CO concentration. 25 refs., 15 figs.
Closed system isolation and scalable expansion of human placental mesenchymal stem cells (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are emerging as a leading cellular therapy for a number of diseases. However, for such treatments to become available as a routine therapeutic option, efficient and cost-effective means for industrial manufacture of MSC are required. At present, clinical grade MSC are manufactured through a process of manual cell culture in specialized cGMP facilities. This process is open, extremely labor intensive, costly, and impractical for anything more than a small number of patients. While it has been shown that MSC can be cultivated in stirred bioreactor systems using microcarriers, providing a route to process scale-up, the degree of numerical expansion achieved has generally been limited. Furthermore, little attention has been given to the issue of primary cell isolation from complex tissues such as placenta. In this article we describe the initial development of a closed process for bulk isolation of MSC from human placenta, and subsequent cultivation on microcarriers in scalable single-use bioreactor systems. Based on our initial data, we estimate that a single placenta may be sufficient to produce over 7,000 doses of therapeutic MSC using a large-scale process.
Dual Polarized UCA-Based OAM Multi-Mode Transmission with Inter-Mode Spreading (2018)

This paper presents a multi-mode transmission technique that can increase the T-R distance of UCA OAM systems. The proposed technique uses dual polarized UCA antennas to increase the number of simultaneously transmitable modes at a specific T- R distance by exploiting the two basis of the polarized dipole antenna elements, and further extends the reaching distance of the multi-mode signals by using the inter-mode spreading between the OAM modes belonging to the same polarization domain. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the T-R distances by at least 2 times as much as the conventional scheme in transmitting the same number of OAM modes with the same symbol error rate, and also that the proposed technique can transmit twice as many modes as the conventional method with the SNR loss of less than 3 dB at the same T-R distance.
A new technique for producing pure aortic stenosis in animals (1984)

To date, techniques used to produce an animal model of valvular aortic stenosis have been unsuccessful. We have developed a new technique for producing pure subcoronary aortic valvular stenosis, which results in left ventricular hypertrophy in a short time. Five adult mongrel dogs weighing 18-24 kg were anesthetized with Brevital (0.5 mg/kg), intubated, and mechanically ventilated with halothane-oxygen. The chest was opened through the right 4th intercostal space, and cardiopulmonary bypass was established between the right atrium and femoral artery. When the esophageal temperature was reduced to about 25 degrees C, the aorta was cross clamped and incised. A piece of Teflon felt covered by pericardium was sutured into each of the sinuses of Valsalva below the coronary orifices. Two to four weeks after the operation, the animals were catheterized. The average pressure gradient between left ventricle (LV) and aorta was 52 +/- 15 mmHg. Mean LV mass-to-body weight ratio was 6.16 +/- 0.28 g/kg vs. 4.24 +/- 0.27 for controls. End-diastolic volume and ejection fraction remained normal, and no aortic regurgitation was seen on aortic root angiography. This preparation creates a hemodynamic representation of valvular aortic stenosis and produces a useful model for examining the myocardial response to this disease. Although hypertrophy develops rapidly, slowly developing hypertrophy may also be possible with this technique.
Continuous Channel Electron Multiplier Operated in the Pulse Saturated Mode (1966)

Peaked pulse height distributions are obtained from curved channel electron multipliers at high gain levels. They are caused by a gain saturating mechanism which limits the instantaneous output current from the multiplier. Various limiting mechanisms are considered. Experimental and theoretical evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that space charge limiting is the major cause of gain saturation.
Interactive motion correction and object manipulation (2007)

Editing recorded motions to make them suitable for different sets of environmental constraints is a general and difficult open problem. In this paper we solve a significant part of this problem by modifying full-body motions with an interactive randomized motion planner. Our method is able to synthesize collision-free motions for specified linkages of multiple animated characters in synchrony with the characters' full-body motions. The proposed method runs at interactive speed for dynamic environments of realistic complexity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our interactive motion editing approach with two important applications: (a) motion correction (to remove collisions) and (b) synthesis of realistic object manipulation sequences on top of locomotion.
Rotavirus Calcium Dysregulation Manifests as Dynamic Calcium Signaling in the Cytoplasm and Endoplasmic Reticulum (2019)

Like many viruses, rotavirus (RV) dysregulates calcium homeostasis by elevating cytosolic calcium ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt) and decreasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. While an overall, monophasic increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt during RV infection has been shown, the nature of the RV-induced aberrant calcium signals and how they manifest over time at the single-cell level have not been characterized. Thus, we generated cell lines and human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) stably expressing cytosolic and/or ER-targeted genetically-encoded calcium indicators to characterize calcium signaling throughout RV infection by time-lapse imaging. We found that RV induces highly dynamic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt signaling that manifest as hundreds of discrete [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt spikes, which increase during peak infection. Knockdown of nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) attenuates the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt spikes, consistent with its role in dysregulating calcium homeostasis. RV-induced [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt spikes were primarily from ER calcium release and were attenuated by inhibiting the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel Orai1. RV-infected HIEs also exhibited prominent [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt spikes that were attenuated by inhibiting SOCE, underlining the relevance of these [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt spikes to gastrointestinal physiology and role of SOCE in RV pathophysiology. Thus, our discovery that RV increases [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]cyt by dynamic calcium signaling, establishes a new, paradigm-shifting understanding of the spatial and temporal complexity of virus-induced calcium signaling.
Observations of Electron-Hole Current Pinching in Indium Antimonide (1961)

The temporal variation at high electric fields of the current and voltage in $n$-type InSb is examined. The observations show the behavior characteristic of self-pinching of the electron-hole plasma current. There is good agreement with theory for the observed times for the pinching process as a function of current. The calculated sum of the average energies of the electrons and holes in the plasma is 0.037 ev. Oscillations in the electric field of apparently different character are observed during the pinch, and when a longitudinal magnetic field is applied.
Selection of Pseudomonas putida Strains with Elevated Dehalogenase Activities by Continuous Culture Growth on Chlorinated Alkanoic Acids (1980)

A continuous-flow culture selection experiment was designed to obtain mutants of Pseudomonas putida strain PP3 capable of growing on 2-monochlorobutanoic acid (2MCBA), normally unable to act as a carbon and energy source for P. putida PP3. The experiment involved continuous exposure of P. putida PP3 to 2MCBA whilst the population's growth was supported by the metabolizable substrate, 2-monochloropropionic acid. The system failed to select for mutants able to grow on 2MCBA alone. However, the procedure resulted in the selection of two different strains of P. putida, namely, PP309 and PP310, both stably maintained as a mixed culture having excluded the parent strain. The two mutants differed significantly from P. putida PP3 with respect to their dehalogenating system since it was found that major changes in both dehalogenase specific activities and overall activity ratios had occurred. The dehalogenase system in P. putida strains PP309 and PP310 was inducible as in the parent strain. The results obtained were explained in terms of elevated production of fraction I dehalogenase compared with fraction II dehalogenase in the mutant strains in contrast to the parent strain. The results demonstrate that mutants may be selected showing altered enzyme activities in the absence of acquiring the capacity to grow solely on a novel substrate which provided the selection pressure.
GEANT4 Simulation of a Cosmic Ray Muon Tomography System With Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors for the Detection of High-${\rm Z}$ Materials (2009)

Muon tomography (MT) based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons traversing shipping containers is a promising candidate for identifying threatening high-Z materials. Since position-sensitive detectors with high spatial resolution should be particularly suited for tracking muons in a MT application, we propose to use compact micro-pattern gas detectors, such as gas electron multipliers (GEMs), for muon tomography. We present a detailed GEANT4 simulation of a GEM-based MT station for various scenarios of threat material detection. Cosmic ray muon tracks crossing the material are reconstructed with a point-of-closest-approach algorithm to form 3-D tomographic images of the target material. We investigate acceptance, Z-discrimination capability, effects of placement of high-Z material and shielding materials inside the cargo, and detector resolution effects for such a MT station.
Neural system identification for large populations separating "what" and "where" (2017)

Neuroscientists classify neurons into different types that perform similar computations at different locations in the visual field. Traditional methods for neural system identification do not capitalize on this separation of 'what' and 'where'. Learning deep convolutional feature spaces that are shared among many neurons provides an exciting path forward, but the architectural design needs to account for data limitations: While new experimental techniques enable recordings from thousands of neurons, experimental time is limited so that one can sample only a small fraction of each neuron's response space. Here, we show that a major bottleneck for fitting convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to neural data is the estimation of the individual receptive field locations, a problem that has been scratched only at the surface thus far. We propose a CNN architecture with a sparse readout layer factorizing the spatial (where) and feature (what) dimensions. Our network scales well to thousands of neurons and short recordings and can be trained end-to-end. We evaluate this architecture on ground-truth data to explore the challenges and limitations of CNN-based system identification. Moreover, we show that our network model outperforms current state-of-the art system identification models of mouse primary visual cortex.
Renewable Coffee Waste-Derived Porous Carbons as Anode Materials for High-Performance Sustainable Microbial Fuel Cells (2019)

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology that can produce electrons using microbes. However, low power density and high cost are the two major issues that hamper the development of MFCs. In this study, we demonstrated that renewable coffee waste-derived activated carbons (CWACs) can serve as anode materials in Escherichia coli system-based MFCs. By modifying the CWAC pore size, we achieved a power density of 3927 mW m–2, which was higher than that of commercial activated carbon (975 mW m–2). The enhanced power density of the CWAC was attributed to its high conductivity and suitable pore size distribution, which led to fast electron transfer and bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the long-term performance of the MFC with the CWAC anode was investigated; it continuously functioned for more than 100 h at a power density of 2000 mW m–2 without any further nutrient resupply. These results indicate that CWAC is a promising anode material for renewable and sustainable energy systems that could significantly reduce the device cost.
Some Developments in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Solids (1989)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy continues to evolve as a primary technique in the study of solids. This review briefly describes some developments in modern NMR that demonstrate its exciting potential as an analytical tool in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and materials science. Topics covered include motional narrowing by sample reorientation, multiple-quantum and overtone spectroscopy, probing porous solids with guest atoms and molecules, two-dimensional NMR studies of chemical exchange and spin diffusion, experiments at extreme temperatures, NMR imaging of solid materials, and low-frequency and zero-field magnetic resonance. These developments permit increasingly complex structural and dynamical behavior to be probed at a molecular level and thus add to our understanding of macroscopic properties of materials.
A critically coupled Germanium photodetector under vertical illumination (2012)

We propose and study a practical design of a Germanium photodetector implemented on a Silicon-on-insulator substrate to reach the critical coupling regime under vertical illumination at 1310 nm wavelength. With appropriate optimization procedures, a high efficiency bandwidth product larger than 50 GHz and a large 3dB spectral full width around 30 nm can be obtained given realistic material parameters and fabrication constraints. Our device is fully compatible to the state-of-art CMOS process technology, and may serve as a high performance, low cost solution for the optical receiver in Silicon photonics based optical interconnects.
Evaluation of Ethanol-based Fixatives as a Substitute for Formalin in Diagnostic Clinical Laboratories (2000)

The use of formalin as a fixative in the histology laboratory is a potential danger to laboratory workers. Formalin results in common complaints such as eye, nose, and throat irritations, and less commonly neurological disorders such as bronchitis and neoplasia. A substitute of formalin is needed in a society that is becoming increasingly 'work safe' conscious. Ethanol-based fixatives were compared with formalin for their ability to preserve tissue and cellular morphology, to retain antigenicity, and to facilitate the diagnosis of complex pathological specimens. Ethanol-based fixative F13 (60% ethanol, 20% methanol, and 7% polyethylene glycol) was statistically significantly different from formalin, providing superior preservation of tissue morphology. In 20 surgical cases, F13, and formalin were equally able to fix tissue to allow accurate diagnoses.Immunohistochemical staining was generally enhanced using F13 fixed tissue without the use of antigen retrieval as compared to formalin fixed tissue. However, in cases where staining was unacceptable using F13 fixed tissue, the introduction of heat antigen retrieval had a marked effect of increasing antigen staining. The introduction of F13 as a fixative for histology laboratories should reduce the hazards associated with formalin without compromising clinical tests. (The J Histotechnol 23:299, 2000)
[Study of the aerobic bacterial flora of onycolysis and paronychia caused by Candida]. (1976)

The aerobic bacterial flora of 63 cases of onicolysis 78 of paronychis and 5 of onicomadesis produced by yeast-like fungus were studied. Bacterial isolation was carried out in nutrient agar with a concentration of 10 mug/ml of nystatin. These microorganisms were identified following the Otto Bier and Bailey & Scott's techniques (3, 1). Bacterial contamination was very frequent. One species or more were isolated from 93,6% of onicolysis and 97% of paronychis. The onicolysis presented the following flora: "Staphylococcus aureus" in 22 cases, "Staphylococcus epidermidis" in 21, Gram positive sporulated bacilli in 17, "Enterobacteriaceae" in 13, and "Pseudomona aeruginosa" in 6. The paronychial lesions showed the following flora: "Staphylococcus aureus" in 21 cases, "Staphylococcus epidermidis" in 26, Gram positive sporulated bacilli in 17, "Enterobacteriaceae" in 17 and "Pseudomona aeruginosa" in 3. It is important to emphasize that "Pseudomona aeruginosa" was isolated in a few cases of both types of candidal onixis, contrary to usual reports (2, 4, 9). No significant difference between the aerobic bacterial flora of the onicolysis and paronychia was found, that would give an explanation of the existence of these two clinical forms of candidal nails infection.
<title>Ground penetrating impulse radar for land mine detection</title> (2000)

The video impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) system for detection of small and shallow buried objects has been developed. The hardware combines commercially available components with components (e.g. antennas) specially developed or modified for being used in the system. The GPR system has been designed to measure accurately electromagnetic field backscattered from subsurface targets in order to allow identification of detected targets through solution of the inverse scattering problem. The GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions and has proved its ability to detect small and shallow buried targets.