gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile intramolecular nucleophilic attack by alkoxide ions on ethyl and p-nitrophenyl carbamates (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile intramolecular nucleophilic attack by alkoxide ions on ethyl and p-nitrophenyl carbamatesJ. E. C. Hutchins and Thomas H. FifeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 11, 3786–3790Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00792a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00792a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Attapulgite: Properties and Uses (1961)

Abstract The clay mineral attapulgite derives its non-swelling needle-like morphology from its three-dimensional crystal structure. The shape and size of the needles result in unique colloidal properties, especially resistance to high concentrations of electrolytes, and give high surface area, high porosity particles when thermally activated. Examples of industrial applications of attapulgite are reviewed with emphasis on how these characteristic properties function in the various end-uses.
A comparison between predicted and measured sea echo Doppler spectra for surface wave radar (2002)

Development of the Surface Wave Radar test bed at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland was initiated in 1985. The facility has been used to investigate all aspects of surface wave radar and to provide data for evaluating and developing models of radar performance. Trials have been conducted at the site that demonstrate beyond-the-horizon detection of aircraft to 300 km, surface targets to 500 km, and icebergs to 300 km. The need to predict surface wave radar performance under differing tasks, system parameters and environmental conditions has led to the development of a generalized computer simulation package. An integral part of the development has been the testing and progressive refinement of different components of the simulation package based on experimental results and other advances. The simulation software includes modules that provide estimates of transmission loss, sea clutter, and external noise levels. Of interest in this paper are the sea clutter models and in particular two additional scattering features that are predicted and have been observed to occur outside of the Bragg resonant region. The first of these additional scattering features is referred to as 'off resonance first order clutter' whilst the second is referred to as 'the second-part of second order clutter'. This latter clutter has been predicted to occur when scattering from the ocean occurs from both behind and in front of the transmit point. The scattering mechanism can be visualized as being similar to a repeated first order scatter. Results are presented that illustrate the effect of this scattering mechanism and how it influences the ocean spectrum for surface wave radar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Whole-Cell Recording in Isolated Primary Sensory Neurons (2012)

The isolated sensory neuron in vitro is a powerful model with which to address a number of important neurobiological questions. Isolated neurons are relatively easy to prepare from both neonatal and adult animals and can be studied both acutely and after considerable time on culture. Intracellular recording is one of the most powerful ways to study these neurons. Methods are described for both the preparation of isolated sensory neurons in vitro as well as for recording major classes of ionic currents (Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+)) from these neurons with whole cell voltage-clamp techniques. Methods are also provided for an initial characterization of active and passive electrophysiological properties of these neurons in current clamp as well as the use of perforated patch recording as a means to mitigate some of the limitations associated with conventional whole cell patch recording. The reader should be aware that the regulation of ion channels in sensory neurons may very subtle, requiring considerably more sophisticated protocols than have been provided here. The reader should also be aware that there is a tremendous heterogeneity among sensory neurons, which is both a curse and a blessing for those who wish to study them. Thus, the methods provided here should only be considered the starting point for a more detailed analysis of sensory neurons.
A Constitutively Active Variant of the Quorum-Sensing Regulator LuxO Affects Protease Production and Biofilm Formation in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2003)

Vibrio cholerae normally inhabits aquatic habitats but can cause a severe diarrheal illness in humans. Its arsenal of virulence factors includes a secreted hemagglutinin (HA) protease. An HA protease-deficient mutant of V. cholerae was isolated and designated E7946 mpc. E7946 mpc was found to contain a point mutation in the luxO quorum-sensing regulator. In accordance with this finding, E7946 mpc exhibits a defect in quorum sensing. The mutant luxO allele [luxO(Con)] produces a protein with a leucine-to-glutamine substitution at amino acid 104. Transfer of the luxO(Con) allele to an otherwise wild-type background was sufficient to eliminate HA protease expression; conversely, deletion of luxO(Con) from E7946 mpc restored protease activity. We demonstrate that LuxO(Con) constitutively represses the transcription of hapR, an essential positive regulator of HA protease. Interestingly, strains harboring luxO(Con) form enhanced biofilms, and enhanced biofilm formation does not appear to be dependent on reduced HA protease expression. Taken together, the results confirm the role of LuxO as a central "switch" that coordinately regulates virulence-related phenotypes such as protease production and biofilm formation.
Prokaryotic triterpenoids (1985)

Together with bacteriohopanetetrol, which is identical to bacteriohopanetetrol isolated from Bacillus acidocaldarius, three other bacteriohopane derivatives were isolated from the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium organophilum. Three different kinds of polar moieties were found linked to the C-35 hydroxyl group of bacteriohopanetetrol: glucosamine linked through a glycosidic bond and two new polyhydroxylated methylcyclopentanoids differing one from each other by the presence of an amino or a guanidino group and linked through an ether bond. The significance of the presence of these compounds in terms of membrane reinforcement and DNA/triterpenoid interactions is discussed.
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting at the initiator of hTERT arrests growth of hepatoma cells (2004)

As-hTERT has an anti-tumor activity, which may be useful for gene therapy of tumors.
Low-dispersion single-mode silica fibre with undoped core and three F-doped claddings (1984)

The refractive-index profile of an ideal single-mode silica fibre with undoped core and three F-doped claddings was optimised by calculation to realise two zeros of the chromatic dispersion at 1.30 and 1.55 μm where the spectral loss has its local and absolute minima, respectively. The sensitivity of the chromatic dispersion due to different scale factors for the radial co-ordinate of the refractive-index profile is considered.
Protective activity of propofol, Diprivan<sup>®</sup> and intralipid against active oxygen species (1998)

We separately studied the antioxidant properties of propofol (PPF), Diprivan ® (the commercial form of PPF) and intralipid (IL) (the vehicle solution of PPF in Diprivan ® ) on active oxygen species produced by phorbol myristate acetate (10‐ 6 M)‐stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN: 5 × 10 5 cells/ assay), human endothelial cells (5 × 10 5 cells/assay) or cell‐free systems (NaOCl or H 2 O 2 /peroxidase systems), using luminol (10 -4 M)‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). We also studied the protective effects of Diprivan ® on endothelial cells submitted to an oxidant stress induced by H 2 O 2 /MPO system: cytotoxicity was assessed by the release of preincorporated 51 Cr. Propofol inhibited the CL produced by stimulated PMN in a dose dependent m anner (until 5 × 10 -5 M, a clinically relevant concentration), while Diprivan ® and IL were not dose‐dependent inhibitors. The CL produced by endothelial cells was dosedependently inhibited by Diprivan ® and PPF, and weakly by IL (not dose‐dependent). In cell free systems, dose‐dependent inhibitions were obtained for the three products with a lower effect for IL. Diprivan ® efficaciously protected endothelial cells submitted to an oxidant stress, while IL was ineffective. By HPLC, we demonstrated that PPF was not incorporated into the cells. The drug thus acted by scavenging the active oxygen species released in the extracellular medium. IL acted in the same manner, but was a less powerful antioxidant.
Otopetrin 1 Protects Mice From Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction Through Attenuating Adipose Tissue Inflammation (2013)

Chronic low-grade inflammation is emerging as a pathogenic link between obesity and metabolic disease. Persistent immune activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) impairs insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolism, in part, through the actions of proinflammatory cytokines. Whether obesity engages an adaptive mechanism to counteract chronic inflammation in adipose tissues has not been elucidated. Here we identified otopetrin 1 (Otop1) as a component of a counterinflammatory pathway that is induced in WAT during obesity. Otop1 expression is markedly increased in obese mouse WAT and is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured adipocytes. Otop1 mutant mice respond to high-fat diet with pronounced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by augmented adipose tissue inflammation. Otop1 attenuates interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in adipocytes through selective downregulation of the transcription factor STAT1. Using a tagged vector, we found that Otop1 physically interacts with endogenous STAT1. Thus, Otop1 defines a unique target of cytokine signaling that attenuates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and plays an adaptive role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in obesity.
Exposing parallelism and locality in a runtime parallel optimization framework (2010)

Runtime parallel optimization has been suggested as a means to overcome the difficulties of parallel programming. For runtime parallel optimization to be effective, parallelism and locality that are expressed in the programming model need to be communicated to the runtime system. We suggest that the compiler should expose this information to the runtime using a representation that is independent of the programming model. Such a representation allows a single runtime environment to support many different models and architectures and to perform automatic parallelization optimization.
An Analytic Stochastic Model for the Transit Vehicle Holding Problem (2001)

This paper describes an analytic model that determines the optimal vehicle holding time at a control stop along a transit route. This model is based on a stochastic transit service model presented by Andersson and Scalia-Tomba (1981) and enhanced by Marguier (1985). The use of a stochastic service model allows greater realism in the analytic modeling. Making use of these results, the paper presents an analytic model that may be used to determine the optimal holding time for a vehicle at a control stop. As it is formulated, the single vehicle holding problem is a convex quadratic program in a single variable, and is easily solved using gradient or line search techniques. The analytic holding model overcomes two noted problems in the literature: it includes stochastic service attributes of vehicle running times and passenger boarding and alighting processes, and the model may be used for real-time control purposes. The use and potential benefits of the model are illustrated in a simple example. This model may be useful in developing a computerized decision support system to enhance the effectiveness of transit operational decision-making.
Pragmatic trellis coded modulation: a simulation using 24-sector quantized 8-PSK (1992)

Pragmatic trellis coded modulation (TCM) uses the industry standard, 64-state, binary convolutional code. The authors present the logic design and simulation results for a system which effectively implements pragmatic TCM for rate 2/3 encoded 8 phase shift keying (PSK). This system associates each sector of a quantized phase receiver with a pair of weights to be used as soft decision inputs of the Viterbi decoder. This system approaches 3 dB of coding gain at bit error rates of 10/sup -5/ and less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theoretical Analysis of Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulator with Electromagnetic Driven Micromirror for Optical Information Processing (1999)

A novel optically addressed spatial light modulator for optical information processing is proposed. The modulator is integrated with micromirror, on which magnetic material is electroplated, photodiode and electric coil. A phtotocurrent will flow in the electric coil and the mirror supported by four cantilevers is actuated by the generated magnetic forces. This movable mirror is placed parallel to another fixed mirror, which structure is called a Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration. Theoretical analysis is performed to estimate the electromagnetic forces acting on the mirror and the displacement of the mirror. Numerical simulations by three-dimensional coupled magneto-structural finite element analysis are also performed, resulting in good agreement with theoretical results. In addition, it is shown that the proposed modulator is effective for pattern recognition.
Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polymer coatings (2004)

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes is expensive, particularly for the purifying process required to make useful nanotube polymer composites. Instead of trying to discover lower cost processes for nanotubes, we seek to develop an alternative nanoscale carbon material with comparable properties that can be produced cost-effectively and in larger quantities for composites applications. This new class of nano material is herein referred to as nanoscale graphene plate (NGP). This paper introduces the novel processing ideas for NGP and some mechanical and electrical properties of the NGP reinforced polymers.
Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-MA20565, a Wide-Spectrum Agricultural Fungicide (1999)

A practical asymmetric synthesis of a wide-spectrum agricultural fungicide, (S)-MA20565 (1), is described. The convergent synthesis was achieved starting from commercially available 3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (7) in 44% overall yield through five steps and 2-bromobenzaldehyde (9) in 48% overall yield through four steps, respectively. (S)-O-[1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl]hydroxylamine (2), a key intermediate of 1, was prepared via ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethanone (6) followed by chlorination using methanesulfonyl chloride and oxyamination using potassium acetohydroxamate with high level of stereocontrol.
Sputtered Platinum as Substrate for Ferroelectric Film Deposition (1973)

Strongly adherent platinum films, 0.5 μ thick, were obtained on single-crystal alumina (sapphire) and polycrystalline alumina chips by sputtering platinum first in oxygen, then in argon, and subsequently heating the films at 930 °C in air. The crystal structure and orientation, as well as the related topography of the films, were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
Blockade of MyD88 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and decreases cardiac myocyte apoptosis in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo (2005)

In this study, we evaluated whether blocking myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) could decrease cardiac myocyte apoptosis following pressure overload. Adenovirus expressing dominant negative MyD88 (Ad5-dnMyD88) or Ad5-green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Ad5-GFP) was transfected into rat hearts (n = 8/group) immediately followed by aortic banding for 3 wk. One group of rats (n = 8) was subjected to aortic banding for 3 wk without transfection. Sham surgical operation (n = 8) served as control. The ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) were calculated. Cardiomyocyte size was examined by FITC-labeled wheat germ agglutinin staining of membranes. Cardiac myocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis was examined by Masson's Trichrome staining. Aortic banding significantly increased the HW/BW by 41.0% (0.44 +/- 0.013 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.008), HW/TL by 47.2% (42.7 +/- 1.30 vs. 29.0 +/- 0.69), cardiac myocyte size by 49.6%, and cardiac myocyte apoptosis by 11.5%, and myocardial fibrosis and decreased cardiac function compared with sham controls. Transfection of Ad5-dnMyD88 significantly reduced the HW/BW by 18.2% (0.36 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.013) and HW/TL by 22.3% (33.2 +/- 0.95 vs. 42.7 +/- 1.30) and decreased cardiomyocyte size by 56.8%, cardiac myocyte apoptosis by 76.2%, as well as fibrosis, and improved cardiac function compared with aortic-banded group. Our results suggest that MyD88 is an important component in the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway that contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Blockade of MyD88 significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in vivo.
Cucurbit[7]uril: A Simple Macrocyclic, pH‐Triggered Hydrogelator Exhibiting Guest‐Induced Stimuli‐Responsive Behavior (2006)

Without modification of its periphery, cucurbit[7]uril (a macrocyclic cavitand comprising seven glycoluril units) forms a hydrogel. The gelation is thermoreversible and sensitive to pH, but is inhibited by the presence of alkali-metal ions and shows guest-induced stimuli-responsive behavior: upon addition of a small amount of a guest, it undergoes a reversible gel–sol transition with alternating UV irradiation and heat treatment (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603149_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hill-climbing Strategien (1977)

In diesem Kapitel sollen einige der direkten mathematischen Parameteroptimierverfahren für statische, nicht-diskrete, nicht-stochastische, im wesentlichen restriktionsfreie Probleme eingehender behandelt werden. Man faßt sie auch unter dem Sammelbegriff hill-climbing Strategien (Wilde und Beightler, 1967) zusammen, weil ihre Vorgehensweise bei der Suche nach einem Maximum weitgehend der intuitiven Art eines (blinden) Bergsteigers entspricht, der sich von einem Tal aus zum höchsten Gipfel eines Gebirges emportastet. Für Minimumaufgaben kehrt sich nur der Richtungssinn der Bewegungen um; im übrigen sind ‚uphill‘- und ‚downhill‘-Methoden (Bach, 1969) identisch. Während in der Unternehmensforschung die Methoden der mathematischen Programmierung, in der Kontrolltheorie die speziellen Verfahren zur Funktionenoptimierung vorherrschen, sind hill-climbing Strategien hauptsächlich dort verbreitet, wo es um den Entwurf technischer Systeme geht (engineering design).
Nature of Activated Manganese Oxide for Oxygen Evolution (2015)

Electrodeposited manganese oxide films (MnOx) are promising stable oxygen evolution catalysts. They are able to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic solutions but with only modest activity when prepared by constant anodic potential deposition. We now show that the performance of these catalysts is improved when they are "activated" by potential cycling protocols, as measured by Tafel analysis (where lower slope is better): upon activation the Tafel slope decreases from ∼120 to ∼70 mV/decade in neutral conditions and from ∼650 to ∼90 mV/decade in acidic solutions. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and structural methods were employed to study the activation process and support a mechanism where the original birnessite-like MnOx (δ-MnO2) undergoes a phase change, induced by comproportionation with cathodically generated Mn(OH)2, to a hausmannite-like intermediate (α-Mn3O4). Subsequent anodic conditioning from voltage cycling or water oxidation produces a disordered birnessite-like phase, which is highly active for oxygen evolution. At pH 2.5, the current density of activated MnOx (at an overpotential of 600 mV) is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the original MnOx and begins to approach that of Ru and Ir oxides in acid.
Diethylbis(bipyridine)iron. Butadiene cyclodimerization catalyst (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethylbis(bipyridine)iron. Butadiene cyclodimerization catalystAkio Yamamoto, Kazuhiko Morifuji, Sakuji Ikeda, Taro Saito, Yasuzo Uchida, and Akira MisonoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7, 1878–1883Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01009a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01009a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts