gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological characterization of presynaptic α<sub>2</sub>‐autoreceptors in rat submaxillary gland and heart atrium (1992)

1. The pharmacological properties of presynaptic alpha 2-autoreceptors were studied in rat isolated submaxillary glands and atria. Tissue pieces were preincubated with [3H]-noradrenaline, then superfused with medium containing desipramine, and stimulated electrically. In one series of experiments, pEC30 values of 12 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists were determined, i.e., negative logarithms of concentrations that increased the electrically evoked overflow of tritium by 30%. In another series, pKD values of 9 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists against the release-inhibiting effect of 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-quinoxaline (UK 14304), and of 3 antagonists against the release-inhibiting effect of methoxamine, were determined. 2. In submaxillary glands, the pEC30 values of the antagonists correlated well with their pKD values against UK 14304 (r = 0.93). The same was true for atria (r = 0.92). 3. In submaxillary glands, the pKD values of 3 antagonists against UK14304 were very similar to their pKD values against methoxamine, with a maximal difference of 0.4. The same was true for atria where the maximal difference was 0.3. 4. The pEC30 values obtained in submaxillary glands correlated significantly with those obtained in atria (r = 0.81). The same was true for the pKD values (r = 0.79). However, the pEC30 and pKD values also indicated consistent differences between the two tissues. 5. It is concluded that the sites of action of the imidazoline UK 14304 (alpha 2-selective), the phenylethylamine noradrenaline, and the phenylethylamine methoxamine (alpha 1-selective) are exclusively alpha 2-adrenoceptors. There is no indication for presynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors or for an effect of UK 14304 mediated by presynaptic imidazoline receptors.The 02-autoreceptor population in the submaxillary gland differs from that in the atrium.6. Comparison with studies from the literature indicates that the submaxillary autoreceptors are closely similar to the a2D radioligand binding site found in the bovine pineal gland and probably the rat submaxillary gland. The atrial autoreceptors also conform best to this site, but the agreement is more limited; the atrial autoreceptors may represent a type related to, but distinct from, the a2D site, or a mixture of different types.
The Operating Room of the Future: Observations and Commentary (2003)

The Operating Room of the Future is a construct upon which to develop the next generation of operating environments for the patient, surgeon, and operating team. Analysis of the suite of visions for the Operating Room of the Future reveals a broad set of goals, with a clear overall solution to create a safe environment for high-quality healthcare. The vision, although planned for the future, is based upon iteratively improving and integrating current systems, both technology and process. This must become the Operating Room of Today, which will require the enormous efforts described. An alternative future of the operating room, based upon emergence of disruptive technologies, is also presented.
Time period directories (2006)

Metadata is ordinarily used to describe documents, but it can also constitute a form of infrastructure for access to networked resources and for traversal of those resources. One problematic area for access to digital library resources has been the search for time periods or events. If there is a capability to search for time, it is usually a date search - a standardized and precise form but unfortunately rarely used in common chronological expressions. For example, a user interested in the "Vietnam war", "Clinton Administration" or the "Elizabethan Period" must either know the corresponding dates, or rely on simple keyword matching for those period names. We consider the ability to interpret user statements of periods or eras as ranges of dates and to associate them with particular locations an important feature of an information system. This paper describes the Time Period Directory, a metadata infrastructure for named time periods linking them with their geographic location as well as a canonical time period range.
Molecular interpretation of miscibility in polyamide‐6 blends with alkali ionomers of sulfonated polystyrene (1995)

Abstract Blends of polyamide‐6 with lithium ionomers of 9.8 and 5.4 mole percent sulfonated polystyrene, formed by combining solutions of these polymers, are miscible over a wide compositional range, but those with the equivalent sodium ionomers are not. The molecular origin of this difference is addressed by studying the far infared and infrared spectra of the blends and pure materials to follow changes in the interactions between the cations and their surroundings, and changes in the interactions between functional groups. Based on analysis of these spectra, a molecular level interpretation of the blending is proposed. The initial step involves both the interaction of one amide carbonyl with an Li + ion and simultaneous hydrogen bonding between an amide NH and a sulfonate group. This eventually leads to formation of an Li(>CO) + n ( n ∼ 4) entity while the sulfonates are converted to the acid form through hydrogen bonding to the amide NH groups. The Na + ion does not interact strongly enough with the amide groups to leave its sulfonate environment to a significant extent. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
QUASI-irreversible changes in the polarization of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer (1985)

Abstract Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE) exhibit large piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects. In addition to the most common application of the pyroelectric effect (radiant detection) it is possible to convert heat directly into electrical energy by pyroelectric conversion. Crucial to the possible application of P(VDF-TrFE) in pyroelectric energy conversion devices is the stability of the electric displacement when subjected to elevated temperatures and strong electric fields. This study is a follow up to the work of G.T. Davis et al. Ferroelectrics 57, 73 (1984) on the stability of the remanent polarization of P(VDF-TrFE). Here it is found that the remanent polarization of P(VDF-TrFE) does not suffer quasi-irreversible reductions for temperatures less than about 100C. We believe that the improved high temperature stability of the present measurement results from a physical processing step (100C vacuum bake-out) which was not employed in previous work. The stability is discussed in light of a fatigue effect which has been observed in barium titanate.
Streamer discharges in liquids and their applications (2000)

Industrial applications using pulsed power technologies have been developed in many fields. One of them is the treatment of exhaust gas by using uniformly produced streamer discharges. Streamer discharges in liquid also generate extremely high electric fields at the tip of streamers, as well as high energy electrons, ozone, other chemically active species, ultraviolet rays and shock waves. All of these may be utilized to sterilize microorganisms and to decompose molecules and materials. Large-volume streamer discharges in water have been produced in order to realize industrial applications. A wire to plane electrode configuration has been used. The discharge in water shows similar optical radiation to that in an atmospheric gas as provided by evidence from still photographs. The influence of polarity, conductivity, electrode geometry and hydrostatic pressure on the streamers in liquid, the mechanism of streamer discharges and possible industrial applications of streamers in liquids, are discussed in the present work.
Does 'anybody' really want (or need) vehicle navigation aids? (2003)

The author asserts that developers of vehicle navigation aids should not persist in using an intradisciplinary approach to solving an interdisciplinary problem. It is demonstrated that research in differing disciplines can be intertwined, and that theories and models often can be borrowed. It is suggested that though interdisciplinary results can be supporting, caution should be taken when interpreting these. The author reviews current research in spatial knowledge acquisition in computer science, psychology, and geography, and how these models can enhance vehicle navigation aid development. Current research in cognitive psychology and environmental behavior related to the presentation of driving instructions to drivers is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reparameterization Techniques for Generating Reservoir Descriptions Conditioned to Variograms and Well-Test Pressure Data (1996)

Abstract Recently, we have shown that reservoir descriptions conditioned to multiwell pressure data and univariate and bivariate statistics for permeability and porosity can be obtained by techniques developed from inverse problem theory. The techniques yield estimates of well skin factors and porosity and permeability fields which honor both the spatial statistics and the pressure data. Imbedded in the methodology is the application of the Gauss-Newton method to construct the maximum a posteriori estimate of the reservoir parameters. If one wishes to determine permeability and porosity values at thousands of gridblocks for use in a reservoir simulator, then inversion of the Hessian matrix at each iteration of the Gauss-Newton procedure becomes computationally expensive. In this work, we present two methods to reparameterize the reservoir model to improve the computational efficiency. The first method uses spectral (eigenvalue/eigenvector) decomposition of the prior covariance matrix. The second method uses a subspace method to reduce the' size of the matrix problem that must be solved at each iteration of the Gauss-Newton method. It is shown that proper implementation of the reparameterization techniques may significantly reduce the computational time required to generate realizations of the reservoir model, i.e., the porosity and permeability fields and well skin factors, conditioned to prior information on porosity and permeability and multiwell pressure data.
Me Love (SYN-)Cookies: SYN Flood Mitigation in Programmable Data Planes (2020)

The SYN flood attack is a common attack strategy on the Internet, which tries to overload services with requests leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS). Highly asymmetric costs for connection setup - putting the main burden on the attackee - make SYN flooding an efficient and popular DoS attack strategy. Abusing the widely used TCP as an attack vector complicates the detection of malicious traffic and its prevention utilizing naive connection blocking strategies. Modern programmable data plane devices are capable of handling traffic in the 10 Gbit/s range without overloading. We discuss how we can harness their performance to defend entire networks against SYN flood attacks. Therefore, we analyze different defense strategies, SYN authentication and SYN cookie, and discuss implementation difficulties when ported to different target data planes: software, network processors, and FPGAs. We provide prototype implementations and performance figures for all three platforms. Further, we fully disclose the artifacts leading to the experiments described in this work.
Princípios norteadores para o projeto pedagógico da eseola básica: o caso da escola de aplicação da feusp (1997)

De maio a agosto de 1996, compusemos a comissão encarregada, pela Congregaçãoda Faculdade da Universidade de São Paulo (Feusp), de elaborar os princípios norteadores do Projeto Pedagógico da Escola de Aplicação da mesma Faculdade. Durante as atividades da comissão, estávamos cientes de que, embora referido a uma unidade escolar determinada, nosso trabalho, pelo próprio fato de estar lidando com princípios, deveria ir muito além das questões específicas da escola em pauta. Era preciso, para dar conta do particular, ter presente, pela via dos princípios, a universalidade da própria educação, ou seja, impunha buscar, na particular escola de que tratávamos, a par de suas potencialidades, seu compromisso com valores que dizem respeito à educação em geral. Dessa forma, nossas reflexões e discussões se concentraram na explicitação do papel não de uma escola, mas da escola pública básica numa sociedade moderna e democrática.
The acid-base balance in animal nutrition, III. Effect of addition of alkalies to the ration on growth and well-being of swine (1921)

Previous results obtained from a study of the ability of swine to grow and reproduce on a high acid ration are discussed in relation to the work of others. The significance of a similar test of the ability of swine to ingest and excrete large quantities of alkali during the growing period is stated, and the results are reported of an experiment in which sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate were fed these materials were added to a basal ration of corn, tankage, and wheat middlings. The acid-fed lot remained in very thrifty condition and made economical gains until the daily intake was increased well above 500 cc. normal solution. Judging by their performance and appetite during Periods 5 and 7 the lot receiving sodium hydroxide was able to excrete up to about 750 cc. normal solution per animal per day taken with the feed without apparent ill effect, and the carbonate and sulfate were well tolerated up to a level of 1000 cc. per animal per day. There were no marked effects on the average rate of gain of any of the lots except when over 500 cc. were fed. There were no effects on the skeleton or other tissues of the acid-fed hog, which was slaughtered at the close of the experiment, which could with certainty be ascribed to the ration fed .
Motivating arm-hand use for stroke patients by serious games. (2012)

We present a novel technology to support playful rehabilitation of arm-hand performance for stroke survivors. The system combines tangible tabletop interaction with wearable technology, to encourage stroke patients to train their arm-hand skills in a task-oriented manner, while a jacket supporting tilt-sensing and vibrotactile feedback guides patients regarding the correct execution of exercises and specifically to avoid compensatory movements. We present the iterative client centered development of this technology and its on going development.
Reluctant Interaction Modeling (2019)

Including pairwise interactions between the predictors of a regression model can produce better predicting models. However, to fit such interaction models on typical data sets in biology and other fields can often require solving enormous variable selection problems with billions of interactions. The scale of such problems demands methods that are computationally cheap (both in time and memory) yet still have sound statistical properties. Motivated by these large-scale problem sizes, we adopt a very simple guiding principle: One should prefer main effects over interactions if all else is equal. This "reluctance" to interactions, while reminiscent of the hierarchy principle for interactions, is much less restrictive. We design a computationally efficient method built upon this principle and provide theoretical results indicating favorable statistical properties. Empirical results show dramatic computational improvement without sacrificing statistical properties. For example, the proposed method can solve a problem with 10 billion interactions with 5-fold cross-validation in under 7 hours on a single CPU.
EFFECTS of DIPPING and WASHING PRE‐TREATMENTS ON MICROWAVE DRYING of GRAPES (1996)

The effects of different dipping pretreatments on microwave drying of grapes was studied in a multimode cavity. Grapes pretreated with 2% ethyl oleate in 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution resulted in comparatively good quality raisins with lowest drying times. Pretreatment with 3% ethyl oleate in 0.5% NaOH solution led to similar product without any major advantage over the former. Grapes treated with 3% ethyl oleate in 2.5% potassium carbonate solution took longer time to dry. Grapes treated with only NaOH solution resulted in raisins of inferior quality in terms of color and appearance. the interphase mass transfer coefficients also described the effect of these chemical pretreatments. Studies conducted on the effect of washing and time of holding after the pretreatment indicated that both of these factors had no influence on drying time.
Correlation Analysis of Rate Constants for Dechlorination by Zero-Valent Iron (1998)

Dehalogenation is among the most important processes involved in contaminant fate, but despite all the work that has been done on the kinetics of dehalogenation, there are few linear free energy relationships (LFERs) that can be used to explain or predict rates of dehalogenation by environmental reductants. Previously, we summarized kinetic data for dehalogenation of chlorinated alkanes and alkenes by zero-valent iron (Fe0) and showed that correlation analysis of these data with published two-electron reduction potentials did not give a simple relationship. In this study, we report successful LFERs based on estimated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies calculated from semiempirical (AM1 and PM3) and ab initio methods (6-31G*) and one-electron reduction potentials. Solvation effects can be modeled with COSMO and incorporated into semiempirical estimates of ELUMO, but this did not improve the correlation with k. The best LFER (log k = −5.7−1.5 ELUMO) explains 83% of the variability in surface area-normalized rate constants (k) with ab initio LUMO energies. The LFER is improved by correcting for statistical bias introduced by back transformation from log-linear regression models. New kinetic data for six compounds are compared with rate constants predicted using the unbiased LFER.
Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection in inbred mice (2002)

Differences in the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lower respiratory disease in infants have been attributed to multiple environmental and genetic factors. To identify the genetic factor(s) influencing RSV susceptibility, we examined RSV infection in eight inbred mouse strains. Lung RSV titers differed significantly between mouse strains: the RSV titers were 15-fold higher in AKR/J (permissive) mice compared with C57BL/6J (resistant) mice at 4 days after inoculation. This strain-specific difference in RSV titers suggested that susceptibility to RSV infection was attributable to genetic differences between strains. To examine the mode of inheritance of RSV susceptibility, F1 and backcross (F1 x AKR/J) progeny were infected and RSV titers determined. RSV titers in the F1 progeny were similar to those found in the resistant (C57BL/6J) parent, suggesting resistance was inherited as a dominant trait. The distribution of RSV titers in backcross progeny were discordant with that predicted for a single gene effect, suggesting susceptibility was influenced by more than one gene. These data suggest that RSV susceptibility is a multigenic trait that should be amenable to resolution by genomic analysis.
dlk1/FA1 Regulates the Function of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Gene Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Immune Response-related Factors (2006)

dlk1/FA1 (delta-like 1/fetal antigen-1) is a member of the epidermal growth factor-like homeotic protein family whose expression is known to modulate the differentiation signals of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. We have demonstrated previously that Dlk1 can maintain the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in an undifferentiated state. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, we compared the basal gene expression pattern in Dlk1-overexpressing hMSC cells (hMSC-dlk1) versus control hMSC (negative for Dlk1 expression) by using Affymetrix HG-U133A microarrays. In response to Dlk1 expression, 128 genes were significantly up-regulated (with >2-fold; p < 0.001), and 24% of these genes were annotated as immune response-related factors, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, in addition to factors involved in the complement system, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. Also, addition of purified FA1 to hMSC up-regulated the same factors in a dose-dependent manner. As biological consequences of up-regulating these immune response-related factors, we showed that the inhibitory effects of dlk1 on osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of hMSC are associated with Dlk1-induced cytokine expression. Furthermore, Dlk1 promoted B cell proliferation, synergized the immune response effects of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide on hMSC, and led to marked transactivation of the NF-kappaB. Our data suggest a new role for Dlk1 in regulating the multiple biological functions of hMSC by influencing the composition of their microenvironment "niche." Our findings also demonstrate a role for Dlk1 in mediating the immune response.
Motion‐corrected free‐breathing delayed enhancement imaging of myocardial infarction (2004)

Following administration of Gd-DTPA, infarcted myocardium exhibits delayed enhancement and can be imaged using an inversion-recovery sequence. A conventional segmented acquisition requires a number of breath-holds to image the heart. Single-shot phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (PSIR) true-FISP may be combined with parallel imaging using SENSE to achieve high spatial resolution. SNR may be improved by averaging multiple motion-corrected images acquired during free breathing. PSIR techniques have demonstrated a number of benefits including consistent contrast and appearance over a relatively wide range of inversion recovery times (TI), improved contrast-to-noise ratio, and consistent size of the enhanced region. Comparison between images acquired using segmented breath-held turbo-FLASH and averaged, motion-corrected, free-breathing true-FISP show excellent agreement of measured CNR and infarct size. In this study, motion correction was implemented using image registration postprocessing rather than navigator correction of individual frames. Navigator techniques may be incorporated as well.
Microbial metabolism of the pyridine ring. The metabolism of pyridine-3,4-diol (3,4-dihydroxypyridine) by <i>Agrobacterium</i> sp (1974)

1. Pyridine-3,4-diol (3,4-dihydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyrid-4-one), an intermediate in 4-hydroxypyridine metabolism by an Agrobacterium sp (N.C.I.B. 10413), was converted by extracts into 1mol of pyruvate, 2mol of formate and 1mol of NH(3) at pH7.0. 2. Formate, but not the alternative likely product formamide, was further oxidized fivefold faster by 4-hydroxypyridine-grown washed cells than by similar organisms grown on succinate. 3. The oxidation of pyridine-3,4-diol by crude extracts at pH8.5 required 1mol of O(2)/mol of substrate, produced 1mol of acid and led to the formation of formate and a new compound with an extinction maximum of 285nm (Compound I). This step was believed to be mediated by a new labile dioxygenase (t((1/2))=4h at pH7.0, 4 degrees C) cleaving the pyridine ring between C-2 and C-3. 4. Many of the properties of this pyridine-3,4-diol dioxygenase paralleled those of the extradiol (;meta') oxygenases of aromatic-ring cleavage. The extreme lability of the enzyme has so far precluded extensive purification. 5. Compound I showed changes in the u.v.-absorption spectrum with pH but after acidification it was converted into a new product, 3-formylpyruvate, with an extinction maximum now at 279nm. 6. Both Compound I and 3-formylpyruvate were metabolized by extracts but at very different rates. The slower rate of metabolism of Compound I was nevertheless consistent with that of pyridine-3,4-diol metabolism. 7. On acidification Compound I released about 0.65mol of NH(3) and has been identified as 3-formiminopyruvate. 8. 3-Formylpyruvate was hydrolysed to formate and pyruvate (K(m) 2mum) by an acylpyruvate hydrolase active against several other dioxo homologues. The activity of this enzyme was much lower in extracts of succinate-grown cells.