gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open, randomized, controlled clinical trial of Boswellia serrata extract as compared to valdecoxib in osteoarthritis of knee (2007)

<b>Objective: </b> To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of <i> Boswellia serrata</i> extract (BSE) in osteoarthritis (OA) knee with valdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor.<br><b> Materials and Methods:</b> In a randomized, prospective, open-label, comparative study the efficacy, safety and tolerability of BSE was compared with valdecoxib in 66 patients of OA of knee for six months. The patients were assessed by WOMAC scale at baseline and thereafter at monthly interval till 1 month after drug discontinuation. Antero-posterior radiographs of affected knee joint were taken at baseline and after 6 months. <br><b> Results:</b> In BSE group the pain, stiffness, difficulty in performing daily activities showed statistically significant improvement with two months of therapy which even lasted till one month after stopping the intervention. In valdecoxib group the statistically significant improvement in all parameters was reported after one month of therapy but the effect persisted only as long as drug therapy continued. Three patients from BSE group and two from valdecoxib group complained of acidity. One patient from BSE group complained of diarrhea and abdominal cramps.<br><b> Conclusion: </b> BSE showed a slower onset of action but the effect persisted even after stopping therapy while the action of valdecoxib became evident faster but waned rapidly after stopping the treatment.
Semantic integration of e-business models based on multi-layered repository (2002)

In order to realize business application according to new business idea, this paper proposes a semantic integration of e-business models for the business applications development. Our method rebuilds required heterogeneous repositories into a multi-layered repository based on ontologies. The proposed repository consists of component libraries and their use patterns from a level on enterprise activities to a level of software.
AReViRoad : a traffic road simulator to learn how to behave (2005)

Nowadays, traffic road simulators are often dedicated to learn technical gestures in connection with driving. Even if sometimes used to study driver behavior or reaction to a given situation, they don't take into consideration the social dimension of driving. In this way, we propose a traffic road simulator in which learners evolve under constrains defined by a teacher: the aim is to made person learn secure behavior on road. To do so, we axis our research on pedagogical aspect instead of physical simulation aspect. Consequently, we try to create virtual drivers which in interaction generate a credible traffic road from a learner point of view. In this article, we introduce the simulator and the pedagogical choices it implies and also the manner the traffic road is generated
Anti-angiogenic activity of human endostatin is HIF-1-independent in vitro and sensitive to timing of treatment in a human saphenous vein assay. (2003)

Endostatin is a 20-kDa endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor that has recently been shown to inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic growth factor that is up-regulated by hypoxia via the HIF-1 transcription factor complex. To determine if the anti-angiogenic activity of endostatin involves a modulation of the HIF-1/VEGF pathway in cancer cells, experiments were conducted to establish what effect endostatin has on HIF-1 activity, HIF-1alpha protein production, and cellular localization in prostate cancer cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cell tube formation was inhibited by endostatin purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA) but not endostatin obtained from EntreMed (Rockville, MD). Subsequent experiments using Calbiochem endostatin showed that it did not alter HIF-1alpha protein production or cellular localization in any of the cell lines tested, nor did it alter HIF-1 transactivational activity in hypoxia. Whether or not this is also true in vivo remains to be determined. Nevertheless, these data suggest that the anti-angiogenic activity of endostatin is independent of the HIF-1/VEGF pathway. Immunocytochemical staining results do not indicate a decreased production of VEGF in Calbiochem endostatin-treated LNCaP or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Treatment of rat aortic cross sections with human endostatin from Calbiochem resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of microvessel outgrowth. Importantly, inhibition of vessel outgrowth by Calbiochem endostatin in a human saphenous vein angiogenesis assay required early treatment. In view of this in vitro data, we suggest that clinical trials involving endostatin treatment of late-stage disease may not adequately represent the efficacy of this drug in early-stage cancer.
Determination of single and repeated red cell volumes by the indicator dilution method using carbon monoxide as the indicator (1989)

The use of radioactive isotopes limits clinical applications of blood volume measurement in the ICU. We measured red cell volumes with carbon monoxide-labeled RBC in six dogs and five human volunteers. The measured values obtained on the dogs were compared with the simultaneous measurements with the 51Cr method; the ratio of the carbon monoxide to 51Cr values ranged from 0.86 to 1.17, and the mean ratio was 1.0 +/- 0.1 (SD), r = .93. We infer from these results that the carbon monoxide method has several advantages over the 51Cr method: a) the short labeling time (about 1 min), b) rapidly decreasing background levels of carbon monoxide with FIO2 1.0, and c) repeatability at intervals of several hours.
One-Pot Cyclization of 2-Aminophenethyl Alcohols:  A Novel and Direct Approach to the Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Acyl Indolines (2007)

A unique one-pot cyclization of 2-aminophenethyl alcohols with carboxylic acids in the presence of PPh3, CCl4, and NEt3 furnished the formation of N-acyl indolines in good to excellent yields. This new approach provides an efficient, scalable, low-cost, and direct access to the biologically important indolines which are further oxidizable to indoles and oxindoles.
Comparison of general exercise, motor control exercise and spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low back pain: A randomized trial (2007)

Practice guidelines recommend various types of exercise and manipulative therapy for chronic back pain but there have been few head-to-head comparisons of these interventions. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare effects of general exercise, motor control exercise and manipulative therapy on function and perceived effect of intervention in patients with chronic back pain. Two hundred and forty adults with non-specific low back pain 3months were allocated to groups that received 8weeks of general exercise, motor control exercise or spinal manipulative therapy. General exercise included strengthening, stretching and aerobic exercises. Motor control exercise involved retraining specific trunk muscles using ultrasound feedback. Spinal manipulative therapy included joint mobilization and manipulation. Primary outcomes were patient-specific function (PSFS, 3-30) and global perceived effect (GPE, -5 to 5) at 8weeks. These outcomes were also measured at 6 and 12months. Follow-up was 93% at 8weeks and 88% at 6 and 12months. The motor control exercise group had slightly better outcomes than the general exercise group at 8weeks (between-group difference: PSFS 2.9, 95% CI: 0.9-4.8; GPE 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-2.4), as did the spinal manipulative therapy group (PSFS 2.3, 95% CI: 0.4-4.2; GPE 1.2, 95% CI: 0.4-2.0). The groups had similar outcomes at 6 and 12months. Motor control exercise and spinal manipulative therapy produce slightly better short-term function and perceptions of effect than general exercise, but not better medium or long-term effects, in patients with chronic non-specific back pain.
Cloning and characterization of the bundle‐forming pilin gene of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its distribution in <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes (1993)

bfp, the structural gene of the major repeating bundle-forming pilus (BFP) subunit, was cloned from the enteroadherent factor (EAF) plasmid of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain B171 (O111:NM). The bfp open reading frame encoded a 193-amino-acid protein; comparison of this sequence with the biochemically determined N-terminal amino acid sequence showed that the mature pilin protein is comprised of 180 amino acids, that this sequence is similar to other members of the type IV pilin family, and that it is preceded by a 13-amino-acid signal peptide. Expression of the cloned bfp structural gene in an EPEC strain that had been cured of the EAF plasmid yielded a 21,000 dalton protein that co-migrated with the BFP precursor protein. Thus, other genes, probably carried by the EAF plasmid, are required for the maturation of the bfp product and for the production of extracellular pilus filaments. Use of bfp as a hybridization probe showed that homologous sequences are present in all tested EPEC strains and in 13 of 16 tested Salmonella serotypes. Fifty per cent of these bfp probe-sensitive salmonellae exhibited the localized-adherence (LA) phenotype when incubated with tissue culture cell monolayers, a trait previously associated with EAF plasmid-containing EPEC strains. Scanning electron micrographs of a bfp probe-sensitive, LA-positive Salmonella dublin strain showed that it grows as adherent colonies on infected monolayers and that within these colonies, BFP-like fibres form inter-bacterial linkages. For EAF plasmid-containing EPEC strains and for several Salmonella serotypes, BFP expression may lead to the development of adherent colonies on epithelial surfaces early in the infective process.
A Metabolomics‐Based Strategy for the Mechanism Exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: <i>Descurainia sophia</i> Seeds Extract and Fractions as a Case Study (2017)

A UPLC-QTOF-MS based metabolomics research was conducted to explore potential biomarkers which would increase our understanding of the model and to assess the integral efficacy of <i>Descurainia sophia</i> seeds extract (DS-A). Additionally, DS-A was split into five fractions in descending order of polarity, which were utilized to illustrate the mechanism together. The 26 identified biomarkers were mainly related to disturbances in phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, purine, arginine, and proline metabolism. Furthermore, heat map, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and correlation network diagram of biomarkers perturbed by modeling were all conducted. The results of heat map and HCA suggested that fat oil fraction could reverse the abnormal metabolism in the model to some extent; meanwhile the metabolic inhibitory effect produced by the other four fractions helped to relieve cardiac load and compensate the insufficient energy supplement induced by the existing heart and lung injury in model rats. Briefly, the split fractions interfered with the model from different aspects and ultimately constituted the overall effects of extract. In conclusion, the metabolomics method, combined with split fractions of extract, is a powerful approach for illustrating pathologic changes of Chinese medicine syndrome and action mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.
Permeation and skin retention of quercetin from microemulsions containing Transcutol<sup>®</sup>P (2011)

A microemulsion for the cutaneous release of quercetin was prepared. An aqueous phase, containing 40% Transcutol® P as solubilizing agent and permeation enhancer, was emulsified with Labrafil® as oil phase and Labrasol®/Capryol™ 90 as Solvent/Co-solvent. Quercetin was dissolved in the microemulsion at the concentration of 1%. Ternary phase diagrams were generated to determine the optimal concentration of each excipient composing the microemulsion. The physicochemical properties of the microemulsion, such as pH, viscosity, refractive index, and particle size distribution were determined. The microemulsion was stable for 12 months at the storing conditions of 25.0 ± 1.0°C. The in vitro quercetin permeability into and through the abdominal hairless pig skin was determined by vertical Franz's cells. Quercetin showed hardly any permeability through the skin when dissolved in water- and Transcutol® P-free media, whereas a remarkable increase in cutaneous permeability was observed when quercetin was formulated in the microemulsion or when simply dissolved in Transcutol® P. These two last formulations are those showing the lower skin retention.
Why is anatase a better photocatalyst than rutile? - Model studies on epitaxial TiO2 films (2014)

The prototypical photocatalyst TiO2 exists in different polymorphs, the most common forms are the anatase- and rutile-crystal structures. Generally, anatase is more active than rutile, but no consensus exists to explain this difference. Here we demonstrate that it is the bulk transport of excitons to the surface that contributes to the difference. Utilizing high -quality epitaxial TiO2 films of the two polymorphs we evaluate the photocatalytic activity as a function of TiO2-film thickness. For anatase the activity increases for films up to ~5 nm thick, while rutile films reach their maximum activity for ~2.5 nm films already. This shows that charge carriers excited deeper in the bulk contribute to surface reactions in anatase than in rutile. Furthermore, we measure surface orientation dependent activity on rutile single crystals. The pronounced orientation-dependent activity can also be correlated to anisotropic bulk charge carrier mobility, suggesting general importance of bulk charge diffusion for explaining photocatalytic anisotropies.
Ligand Substitution within Nonporous Crystals of a Coordination Polymer: Elimination from and Insertion into AgO Bonds by Alcohol Molecules in a Solid–Vapor Reaction (2008)

Wie es am besten passt: Das flexible eindimensionale Koordinationspolymer [Ag4L3{O2C(CF2)3CF3}4(EtOH)2]n (1, L = Tetramethylpyrazin, siehe Schema) spaltet in einer intramolekularen Substitutionsreaktion koordiniertes Ethanol ab. Im Zuge dieser Einkristall-Einkristall-Umwandlung wird das Ethanol aus den nichtporösen Kristallen verdrängt. Röntgenpulverbeugungsmessungen bestätigen, dass in Gegenwart von Ethanoldampf die Rückreaktion ablaufen kann.
Reversible formation of a poly[3]rotaxane based on photo dimerization of an anthracene-capped [3]rotaxane (2014)

We prepared a poly[3]rotaxane consisting of a ''topologically linked polymer backbone'' in one pot from readily available, modular building blocks via a dynamic polymerization strategy based on reversible anthracene dimerization.
Comprehensive Solution for Micro Bump Coplanarity Control (2019)

Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWoS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> ) technology is a promising candidate to enable most cutting edge applications. In CoWoS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> architecture, enormous micro-bumps (uBumps) are adopted for interconnecting top-dies and interposer. Comparing to traditional flip chip bump, uBump encounters high risk for die-to-die joint failure (cold joint) due to limited solder volume. To improve die-to-die stacking quality, uBump coplanarity control is crucial. In this paper, a comprehensive solution is proposed for uBump coplanarity optimization. The solution includes "chip scale" and "uBump scale" approaches, which offers the design/process flexibility for customized chip integration. Based on experiment results, more than 30% of uBump coplanarity reduction is determined. The comprehensive solution is proven as a successful path to mitigate cold joint risk and improve system integration quality.
Analysis and visualization of DNA spectrograms (2006)

The demand for technology that can process biological information is becoming more and more obvious and urgent. Existing research in bioinformatics has been focusing on various types of analysis of DNA sequences and various measurements taken at the protein, RNA transcript and DNA level. In this paper we will show the application of spectral analysis and image processing in analyzing DNA sequences of specific structure. In addition, we extend the framework to visualize long DNA sequences and help in identifying patterns that are visible at high resolution of DNA spectral images.
Improved Inference of Taxonomic Richness from Environmental DNA (2013)

Accurate estimation of biological diversity in environmental DNA samples using high-throughput amplicon pyrosequencing must account for errors generated by PCR and sequencing. We describe a novel approach to distinguish the underlying sequence diversity in environmental DNA samples from errors that uses information on the abundance distribution of similar sequences across independent samples, as well as the frequency and diversity of sequences within individual samples. We have further refined this approach into a bioinformatics pipeline, Amplicon Pyrosequence Denoising Program (APDP) that is able to process raw sequence datasets into a set of validated sequences in formats compatible with commonly used downstream analyses packages. We demonstrate, by sequencing complex environmental samples and mock communities, that APDP is effective for removing errors from deeply sequenced datasets comprising biological and technical replicates, and can efficiently denoise single-sample datasets. APDP provides more conservative diversity estimates for complex datasets than other approaches; however, for some applications this may provide a more accurate and appropriate level of resolution, and result in greater confidence that returned sequences reflect the diversity of the underlying sample.
NOTES ON SOME NEVADA BIRDS (1954)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Ca2+ permeability in deoxygenated sickle cells (1990)

Deoxygenation of sickle cells is known to increase cation permeabilities (Na+, K+, and Ca2+). The possible mechanisms involved in the increased uptake of Ca2+ were investigated: activation of Ca2+ channels, involvement of the anion channel, and the formation of endocytic vacuoles. The Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine reduced the deoxy-stimulated Ca2+ uptake by about 30% to 40%. The anion channel inhibitor DIDS (4,4' diisothiocyanate stilbene 2,2' disulfonate) inhibited the deoxy-stimulated Ca2+ uptake by approximately 50%. Maximal possible endocytic uptake, measured by using an impermeant marker ([3H] inuline), accounted for 6% to 9% of the total Ca2+ uptake. These data indicate that the deoxygenation-induced increase in Ca2+ permeability could result from both the activation of a Ca2+ channel and of a transport system for cations involving interactions between polymerized hemoglobin S, band 3 and other membrane components. Endocytosis appears to play only a minor role in the Ca2+ uptake of deoxygenated sickle cells.
<i>μ</i> opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptor interactions: reciprocal inhibition of receptor signaling and neuritogenesis (2006)

Several studies have described functional interactions between opioid and cannabinoid receptors; the underlying mechanism(s) have not been well explored. One possible mechanism is direct receptor-receptor interactions, as has been demonstrated for a number of G-protein-coupled receptors. In order to investigate interactions between opioid and cannabinoid receptors, we epitope tagged mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors with Renilla luciferase and CB1 cannabinoid or CCR5 chemokine receptors with yellow fluorescent protein and examined the extent of substrate hydrolysis induced bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) signal. We find that coexpression of opioid receptors with cannabinoid receptors, but not with chemokine receptors, leads to a significant increase in the level of BRET signal, suggesting that the opioid-cannabinoid interactions are receptor specific. In order to examine the implications of these interactions to signaling, we used GTPgammaS binding and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation assays and examined the effect of receptor activation on signaling. We find that the mu receptor-mediated signaling is attenuated by the CB1 receptor agonist; this effect is reciprocal and is seen in heterologous cells and endogenous tissue expressing both receptors. In order to explore the physiological consequences of this interaction, we examined the effect of receptor activation on the extent of Src and STAT3 phosphorylation and neuritogenesis in Neuro-2A cells. We find that the simultaneous activation of mu opioid and CB1 cannabinoid receptors leads to a significant attenuation of the response seen upon activation of individual receptors, implicating a role for receptor-receptor interactions in modulating neuritogenesis.
Chromosome 11q13 abnormalities in human cancer. (1991)

Structural abnormalities affecting band q13 of chromosome 11 have been reported in a variety of human tumors, particularly multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), certain low-grade B-cell neoplasms, and a significant subset of breast and squamous cell carcinomas. The perturbations of the region are also varied, ranging from allele loss and deletions to specific translocations and DNA amplification. Given their clinical relevance in classifying tumors and identifying patients at increased risk, it is important to locate and characterize the genes on which these aberrations impinge. Here we assess the candidate genes identified thus far and the evidence that implicates them in tumorigenesis.
Safety and Stability of Open-Door Cervical Expansive Laminoplasty (1998)

Cervical expansive laminoplasty has been utilized for over 20 years. This retrospective analysis investigated the safety and incidence of postoperative instability of patients undergoing a modified expansive laminoplasty. One hundred five patients underwent a modified cervical expansive laminoplasty and had at least a 6-month follow-up. These 105 patients were followed for a mean of 18.6 months (range 6-89 months). All patients remained in a rigid cervical collar for 8-12 weeks after the laminoplasty. Postoperative cervical plain radiographs were obtained on postoperative day 1, an average of 9.6 weeks postoperatively (range 8-12 weeks) and an average of 10.1 months (range 6-12 months) postoperatively. Thirty-five patients underwent further radiographs >18 months postoperatively. Laminoplasty was performed in 82 patients with progressive cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 4 patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, 7 patients for posterior approach to a cervical neoplasm, and 12 patients for early posttraumatic decompression. The canal/vertebral body ratio showed a significant increase from 0.78 to 1.02 (paired t test, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, no incidence of graft dislodgement or segmental instability was diagnosed in any patient. Modified open-door expansive laminoplasty is an effective way of expanding the spinal canal. Its associated low incidence of postoperative instability and kyphotic deformity should make this procedure a desirable substitute for cervical laminectomy under many circumstances.