gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mild coal pretreatment to improve liquefaction reactivity (1991)

This report describes work completed during the fifth quarter of a three year project to study the effects of mild chemical pretreatment on coal dissolution reactivity during low severity liquefaction or coal/oil coprocessing. The overall objective of this research is to elucidate changes in the chemical and physical structure of coal by pretreating with methanol or other simple organic solvent and a trace amount of hydrochloric acid and measure the influence of these changes on coal dissolution reactivity. Work this quarter focused on analytical characterization of untreated and treated Wyodak subbituminous coal and Illinois {number sign}6 bituminous coal. Mossbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to study the effect of methanol/HCl pretreatment on the composition of each coal's inorganic phase. Results from these studies indicated that calcite is largely removed during pretreatment, but that other mineral species such as pyrite are unaffected. This finding is significant, since calcite removal appears to directly correlate with low severity liquefaction enhancement. Further work will be performed to study this phenomenon in more detail.
Probability quantization for multiplication-free binary arithmetic coding (2002)

We describe an efficient probability quantization scheme for binary arithmetic code implementation. We show that this scheme is simple to implement and has better compression efficiency than some existing schemes.
Experimental and Thermodynamic Study of Nonstoichiometry in 〈YBa <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>7‐x</sub> 〉 (1989)

The dependence of the nonstoichiometry of 〈YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x 〉 (solid) has been studied over 5 orders of magnitude in oxygen pressure and from 573 to 1173 K. Hydrogen‐reduction methods for determining the absolute oxygen to‐metal ratio were developed. The resulting data were used to derive a chemical thermodynamic representation of the experimental variables. The data were used to derive a chemical thermodynamic representaltion of the experimental variables. The data were also compared with several other investigations to indentify the selfconsistent sets of data. The present data and thermodynamic data from the literature were correlated on an Ellingham diagram.
Processing of canola meal for incorporation in trout and salmon diets (1992)

Canola meals (two commercial meals and one low‐heat meal) were processed to reduce fiber content, then washed with selected solvents to reduce the content of antinutritional substances and further concentrate protein. The meals, fiber‐reduced meals, and washed meals were used to provide 40% of total protein (26–38% of feed) in the diets of 6‐g rainbow trout for 3 weeks or 25% of total protein (21–31% of feed) in the diets of 23‐g chinook salmon for 11 weeks. Air‐desolventized (low‐heat) canola meal, as compared to commercial meal, provided no protein quality advantage in trout feeds. Fiber reduction processing of commercial meal increased meal protein content by 11–16% and reduced crude fiber by 23–50%, but did not have any effect on the quality of protein for trout or salmon. Solvent‐washing of fiber‐reduced meal improved fish response to canola meal, probably due to reduced glucosinolate content, but possibly also due to reduced sinapine content and alterations in protein availability. Protein concentration was increased by 25–40% by washing, and glucosinolate concentration was reduced by 40–90%.
Design of cylindrical surface waveguides with dielectric and magnetic coating (1961)

The paper deals with wires whose coating has both dielectric and magnetic properties. Approximate formulae are given for the field concentration, propagation time, group velocity, power distribution, characteristic impedance, losses and maximum transmissible power for such coated wires.The magnetic coat concentrates the field more strongly than does the dielectric one. The field concentration increases quickly with increase of permeability and hardly depends on permittivity.The attenuation is due to the conductive, dielectric and magnetic losses of the guide. The dielectric loss depends also on permeability, and vice versa. The total loss of a given transmission line as a function of field concentration has a minimum, which can be achieved by a coating of appropriate thickness.To determine the maximum transmissible power, two formulae can be used. One determines the maximum transmissible power from the highest permissible value of electric field strength, and the other from the highest permissible degree of overheating.The paper concludes with a description of design procedure for surface waveguides, illustrated by an example.
Analysis and modeling of ATM traffic data (1999)

This paper describes a study of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cell data, considering both the analysis and the modeling of the data. For the data analysis portion of the work, cell counts per unit time are done, and interarrival times between cells are determined. Source modeling is done for the two large variable bit rate users and a constant bit rate user from the data. From the empirical distribution of interarrival times, the source modeling is made by a sequence of pairs of random variables (X, Y) where X represents the cell bursts and Y represents the interarrival times between bursts. Within each burst, the distribution of cells is determined by a finite state Markov chain, and the interarrival times of the bursts are also determined by a different finite state Markov chain for two users. The model is validated by comparing the interarrival times of the model and of the trace data. The analysis of the queue in the buffer is done; quantiles of the tail of the queue are also determined, as well as mean cell delays and cell loss ratios.
Reassociation of dimeric cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase is determined by slow and very slow folding reactions (1986)

Malate dehydrogenase occurs in virtually all eucaryotic cells in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms, both of which are composed of two identical subunits. The reactivation of the mitochondrial isoenzyme has been the subject of previous studies [Jaenicke, R., Rudolph, R., & Heider, I. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1217-1223]. In the present study, the reconstitution of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase from porcine heart after denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride has been determined. The enzyme is denatured by greater than 1.2 M guanidine hydrochloride; upon reconstitution, approximately 60% of the initial native enzyme can be recovered. The kinetics of reconstitution after maximum unfolding by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride were analyzed by fluorescence, far-ultraviolet circular dichroism, chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, and activity measurements. After fast folding into structured intermediates (less than 1 min), formation of native enzyme is governed by two parallel slow and very slow first-order folding reactions (k1 = 1.3 X 10(-3) S-1 and k2 = 7 X 10(-5) S-1 at 20 degrees C). The rate constant of the association step following the slow folding reaction (determined by k1) must be greater than 10(6) M-1 S-1. The energy of activation of the slow folding step is of the order of 9 +/- 1 kcal/mol; the apparent rate constant of the parallel very slow folding reaction is virtually temperature independent. The intermediates of reassociation must be enzymatically inactive, since reactivation strictly parallels the formation of native dimers. Upon acid dissociation (pH 2.3), approximately 35% of the native helicity is preserved, as determined by circular dichroism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual Kinase-Bromodomain Inhibitors in Anticancer Drug Discovery: A Structural and Pharmacological Perspective (2016)

Protein kinases play crucial roles in several cell transformation processes and are validated drug targets for many human diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, most tumors have eluded the effects of inhibition of a single kinase by activating resistance mechanisms and/or alternative pathways and escape mechanisms. In recent years, multitarget approaches directed toward inhibition of kinases and targets of different families have received increasing attention. In particular, co-targeting kinases and bromodomain epigenetic reader proteins has rapidly emerged as a promising approach to cancer drug development. In this manuscript, we will review the recent discoveries that led to the identification and optimization of dual kinase/bromodomain inhibitors. We will analyze and compare the structural features required for dual inhibition and comment on the potential of this approach in anticancer drug discovery. Moreover, we will introduce computational approaches useful for the identification of dual kinase/bromodomain inhibitors and generate ad hoc pharmacophore and docking models.
A 230kb cosmid walk in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene: detection of a conserved sequence and of a possible deletion prone region (1987)

A 230 kb genomic region from the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene has been cloned in a cosmid walk, using an improved vector and by screening the same unamplified library for all steps. The region cloned surrounds the translocation breakpoint characterized by Worton et al and Ray et al, and overlaps by 70 kb the Pert region cloned by Monaco et al. We have identified a region of strong sequence conservation in mammals and chicken, and comparison of the homologous sequences in chicken and man has indicated the presence of two putative protein coding exons. Comparison with the sequence recently published by Koenig et al shows that only one is present in the Duchenne cDNA, and this raises the question of the functional significance of the other conserved sequence. Single copy probes and whole cosmids generated during this work have been used to analyse the corresponding region in Duchenne patients. Of five independant patients shown to be deleted for a probe 30 kb in 3' of the translocation breakpoint, three have the 5' endpoint of the deletion within a region of less than 20 kb, 100 kb away from the probe used to ascertain the deletion. This might suggest the presence of a region where deletions occur preferentially.
A Versatile Bifunctional Dendritic Cell Targeting Vaccine Vector (2008)

We have developed an efficient versatile in vivo dendritic cell (DC) targeting vector for delivering different classes of antigens such as proteins, peptide, glycolipids and naked DNA for vaccine applications. A single chain antibody (scFv) that recognizes DEC-205 receptor of DC was fused with a core-streptavidin domain and expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 expression system. The bifunctional fusion protein (bfFp) was expressed as a periplasmic soluble protein and affinity-purified in its monomeric form. The bifunctional activity against DEC-205 and biotin was characterized by ELISA and Western blot. In vivo DC targeting of a diverse group of biotinylated antigens such as viral and bacterial proteins, a cancer peptide, gangliosides and DNA of certain infectious diseases was conducted in mice. Results show that in the presence of bfFp and costimulatory anti-CD40 mAb, both humoral and cell-mediated responses were augmented in either the single antigen or multiple antigen targeting strategy. Lastly, bfFp based DC targeting of antigens in low doses may be a useful strategy for the design of monovalent or polyvalent vaccines for the masses.
Inhibition of Biofilm Formation, Quorum Sensing and Infection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Natural Products-Inspired Organosulfur Compounds (2012)

Using a microplate-based screening assay, the effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation of several S-substituted cysteine sulfoxides and their corresponding disulfide derivatives were evaluated. From our library of compounds, S-phenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and its breakdown product, diphenyl disulfide, significantly reduced the amount of biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa at levels equivalent to the active concentration of 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (NPO) (1 mM). Unlike NPO, which is an established inhibitor of bacterial biofilms, our active compounds did not reduce planktonic cell growth and only affected biofilm formation. When used in a Drosophila-based infection model, both S-phenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and diphenyl disulfide significantly reduced the P. aeruginosa recovered 18 h post infection (relative to the control), and were non-lethal to the fly hosts. The possibility that the observed biofilm inhibitory effects were related to quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) was investigated using Escherichia coli-based reporters expressing P. aeruginosa lasR or rhIR response proteins, as well as an endogenous P. aeruginosa reporter from the lasI/lasR QS system. Inhibition of quorum sensing by S-phenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide was observed in all of the reporter systems tested, whereas diphenyl disulfide did not exhibit QSI in either of the E. coli reporters, and showed very limited inhibition in the P. aeruginosa reporter. Since both compounds inhibit biofilm formation but do not show similar QSI activity, it is concluded that they may be functioning by different pathways. The hypothesis that biofilm inhibition by the two active compounds discovered in this work occurs through QSI is discussed.
Association diclofenac-dexamethasone dans le traitement de l'inflammation postopératoire: étude prospective en double-insu (1992)

In a prospective randomized double masked study including 40 patients we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of a combination of dexamethasone acetate 0.1% + diclofenac 0.1% drops compared to dexamethasone acetate 0.1% + placebo drops, after ECCE + posterior chamber lens implantation. Anterior chamber (AC) flare and cells were measured with the laser flare-cell meter Kowa FC-1000. The group receiving the dexamethasone-diclofenac combination showed a more rapid decrease of AC flare which was significant at days D3 (P less than 0.003) and D12 (p less than 0.028). The reduction of AC cells was comparable in both groups, showing however a strong tendency toward a lower cell count in the group receiving diclofenac at days D12 and D30 (p less than 0.08). Tolerance of diclofenac was good and comparable to the placebo.
Content routing: a scalable architecture for network-based information discovery (1995)

This thesis presents a new architecture for information discovery based on a hierarchy of content routers that provide both browsing and search services to end users. Content routers catalog information servers, which may in turn be other content routers. The resulting hierarchy of content routers and leaf servers provides a rich set of services to end users for locating information, including query refinement and query routing. Query refinement helps a user improve a query fragment to describe the user&apos;s interests more precisely. Once a query has been refined and describes a manageable result set, query routing automatically forwards the query to relevant servers. These services make use of succinct descriptions of server contents called content labels. A unique contribution of this research is the demonstration of a scalable discovery architecture based on a hierarchical approach to routing.
The Development of Efficient Catalysts for Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mechanism for rapid thermal annealing improvements in undoped GaNxAs1−x/GaAs structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2000)

A systematic investigation of the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on optical properties of undoped GaNAs/GaAs structures is reported. Two effects are suggested to account for the observed dramatic improvement in the quality of the GaNxAs1−x/GaAs quantum structures after RTA: (i) improved composition uniformity of the GaNxAs1−x alloy, deduced from the photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation and time-resolved measurements; and (ii) significant reduction in the concentration of competing nonradiative defects, revealed by the optically detected magnetic resonance studies.
Study on the technologic process of synthesis of chromium 2-picolinate (2004)

Chromium 2-picolinate was prepared by an effective route, oxidation and complex of 2-methyl-pyridine was finished continuously, the yield is 82.7%. The structure of complex was confirmed by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The result indicated that the molar ration of metallic element and ligand is 1∶3.
Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Validation of a Bifurcation-Based Microsensor (2012)

The potential to detect very small amounts of added mass has driven research in chemical and biological sensors based on resonant micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems over the past two decades. While traditional resonant mass sensors utilize chemomechanically induced shifts in linear natural frequency for mass detection, alternate sensing approaches which exploit near-resonant nonlinear behaviors have garnered interest from the research community due to their potential to yield improved sensor metrics and to simplify final device implementations. This paper investigates the development of an amplitude-based mass sensing approach which utilizes the dynamic transitions that occur near a cyclic-fold/saddle-node bifurcation in the nonlinear frequency response of a piezoelectrically actuated microcantilever. Specifically, the work details the modeling, analysis, and experimental validation of this mass sensing technique. The experimental results presented here not only prove the feasibility of the proposed sensing approach but also allow for the direct evaluation of pertinent sensor metrics. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$</tex></formula> [2011-0175]
A Velocity <i>k</i>‐Space Analysis of Flow Effects in Echo‐Planar and Spiral Imaging (1995)

A velocity k-space formalism facilitates the analysis of flow effects for imaging sequences involving time-varying gradients such as echo-planar and spiral. For each sequence, the velocity k-space trajectory can be represented by kv(kr); that is, its velocity-frequency (kv) position as a function of spatial-frequency (kr) position. In an echo-planar sequence, kv is discontinuous and asymmetric. However, in a spiral sequence, kv is smoothly varying, circularly symmetric, and small near the kr origin. To compare the effects of these trajectory differences, simulated images were generated by computing the k-space values for an in-plane vessel with parabolic flow. Whereas the resulting echo-planar images demonstrate distortions and ghosting that depend on the vessel orientation, the spiral images exhibit minimal artifacts.
Medium access control: Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation over multicast with IEEE 802.3 (2008)

This paper presents a multicycles protocol for hospital automation (MP-HA) that works over multicast addressing and use a master-slave architecture. The protocol creates a segmented logical network based on multicast addressing associated to hospital beds. The objective of MP-HA is to ensure the determinism on network through medium access control mechanism increasing the transmission throughput. Thus, it creates a periodical environment making use of the parallel cycles which is called multicycles.
From epidemiology to therapeutic trials with anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease: The role of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase in β-amyloidosis and clinical dementia1 (2002)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, therapeutic studies with NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and steroids have not supported such epidemiological evidence. The apparent inconsistency may be due to the fact that the epidemiological evidence is based on studies examining AD before clinical manifestations are apparent, while therapeutic studies have been carried out on people with illnesses severe enough to exceed the clinical detection threshold. Thus, it is conceivable that therapeutic strategies administered during early AD dementia or moderate dementia may not be optimally effective. Alternatively, the influence of inflammatory activity in the brain for cases at high risk to develop AD, e.g., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases, as a potential target of anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical studies maybe more suitable to be studied. The primary action of NSAIDs is inhibition of the COX enzymes. COX enzymes exist in an inducible form COX-2, that has been found to be elevated in the AD brain, and a constitutive form COX-1. Both COX-1 and COX-2 are known to be involved in numerous inflammatory activities as well as normal neuronal functions. In vitro, it has been demonstrated that non-selective inhibitors of COX can preferentially decrease the levels of the highly amyloidogenic amyloid-beta (Abeta)(1-42)peptide. Recent studies testing non-selective NSAIDs in murine models of AD neuropathology indicated that the frequency of Abeta plaque deposits in the brains of these animals can be significantly reduced by treatment with the non-selective COX inhibitor ibuprofen. These studies and epidemiological data strongly support a therapeutic potential for NSAIDs in the treatment of AD. Upon this premise, industry and academia are devoting a tremendous amount of resources to the testing of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of AD. However, given the large number of candidate anti-inflammatory drugs and their widely divergent activities, it is essential to optimize drug selection and study design. A better understanding of the influence of inflammatory activity in AD, and identification of the specific mechanisms which play an early role in the disease's progression will greatly improve the likelihood of success in efforts to find an effective anti-inflammatory treatment strategy. We would like to discuss recent developments reinforcing anti-inflammatory drugs as therapeutic in the treatment of AD amyloidosis, and the relevance of understanding the role of COX and other inflammatory mediators in AD neuropathology and the clinical progression of AD dementia. These discussions may provide important criterion for the design of clinical trials of anti-inflammatory drugs in AD.
PERFORMANCE MACRO-MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR FAST ANALOG CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS (2004)

The synthesis of large digital integrated circuits is ubiquitous, highly developed, and efficient. Designs exceeding hundreds of millions of transistors are common and relatively inexpensive from a consumer view-point. Mature and reliable CAD tools exist for nearly every aspect of the digital design process. In contrast, the design of analog integrated circuits is often left to human designers utilizing first order approximation, experience, and iteration. Though the physical size of an analog block is typically orders of magnitude smaller than the digital part of a mixed signal IC, the analog design time often dominates. One of the main challenges in analog design is sizing. Given an analog topology and a set of high-level design constraints, the size of all components in the circuit must be appropriately determined while hope-fully meeting all design constraints. There are many ways to approach the sizing problem, from first-order approximation and manual design, to global optimization engines utilizing the full power of SPICE simula-tion. An analog topology is typically characterized by a set of performance parameters used to succinctly quantify the properties of the circuit. The behavior of the performance parameters is often coupled and highly nonlin-ear. The numerical circuit simulator SPICE is often used as a benchmark of comparison for evaluating the