gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-clad Cr^4+:YAG crystal fiber amplifier (2005)

A novel double-clad Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber is demonstrated by use of a codrawing laser-heated pedestal growth method. Up to 10 dB of gross gain at a wavelength of 1.52 microm is achieved at a pump power of 0.83 W, which, to our knowledge, is the first Cr4+-doped fiber amplifier in the optical fiber communication band.
Dimensional stability of oriented, rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (2003)

Abstract Oriented PVC has enhanced properties, but on heating it begins to shrink and eventually reverts to its original dimensions. Thermomechanical analysis was used to study the effects of orientation variables and subsequent annealing or aging on the shrinkage of rigid PVC. The thermal history of the oriented PVC affected its crystallinity and the free volume in the oriented structure. These changes modified the temperature at which the oriented samples began to shrink (i.e., their dimensional stability.) Higher draw and annealing temperatures can be used to improve dimensional stability; however, their effective use is limited because PVC has a peak elongation at 90°C. Increased annealing time also increases dimensional stability. Aging greatly improves the dimensional stability of the material; this process can be accelerated at temperatures up to 60°C. The shrinkage onset temperature can be increased without compromising the enhancement of mechanical properties achieved by orientation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3859–3867, 2003
Noise post processing based on a stationary noise generator (2003)

The paper presents a newly developed noise post-processing (NPP) algorithm for improving subjective performance of low bit-rate code excited linear prediction (CELP) decoding. The algorithm is based on a stationary noise generator and improves subjective quality of a noisy signal input. A backward adaptive detector defines noisy input signal segments from decoded line spectral frequency (LSF), energy, and pitch parameters. By using LSF and energy parameters from the past, the noise generator estimates and produces stationary noise. The algorithm is independent of the main codec algorithm and is applicable to any CELP decoder. When applied to G.729 and G.723.1, our test results show that the algorithm improves subjective performance at around 0.2-0.8 in degradation category rating (DCR) mean opinion score (DMOS) under several background noise conditions.
Intravesical Delivery of Rapamycin Suppresses Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Progressive Bladder Cancer (2009)

Early-stage bladder cancer occurs as two distinct forms: namely, low-grade superficial disease and high-grade carcinoma in situ (CIS), which is the major precursor of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although the low-grade form is readily treatable, few, if any, effective treatments are currently available for preventing progression of nonmuscle-invasive CIS to invasive bladder cancer. Based on our previous findings that the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is activated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but not superficial disease, we reasoned that suppression of this pathway might block cancer progression. To test this idea, we performed in vivo preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model that we now show recapitulates progression from nonmuscle-invasive CIS to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. We find that delivery of Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, subsequent to the occurrence of CIS effectively prevents progression to invasive bladder cancer. Furthermore, we show that intravesical delivery of Rapamycin directly into the bladder lumen is highly effective for suppressing bladder tumorigenesis. Thus, our findings show the potential therapeutic benefit of inhibiting mTOR signaling for treatment of patients at high risk of developing invasive bladder cancer. More broadly, our findings support a more widespread use of intravesical delivery of therapeutic agents for treatment of high-risk bladder cancer patients, and provide a mouse model for effective preclinical testing of potential novel agents.
Inflammation. A Review of the Process (1997)

This is the fourth edition of a textbook on inflammation. It includes a self-study programme with direct language, simple illustrations and quick review sections. It is intended for both students needing coverage of the fundamentals, and practitioners requiring updated information.
Tandem Glycolate Claisen Rearrangement/Ring-Closing Metathesis:  A Stereochemically General Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyran-2-carboxylates (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTandem Glycolate Claisen Rearrangement/Ring-Closing Metathesis: A Stereochemically General Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyran-2-carboxylatesSteven D. Burke, Raymond A. Ng, James A. Morrison, and Michael J. AlbertiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 10, 3160–3161Publication Date (Web):April 16, 1998Publication History Received2 February 1998Published online16 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980163uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980163urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Claisen rearrangement,Metathesis,Stereochemistry,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
The biochemical basis for <scp>l</scp> -canavanine tolerance by the tobacco budworm <i>Heliothis virescens</i>  (Noctuidae) (1997)

The tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae), a destructive insect pest, is remarkably resistant to L-canavanine, L-2-amino-4-(guanidinooxy)butyric acid, an arginine antimetabolite that is a potent insecticide for nonadapted species. H. virescens employs a constitutive enzyme of the larval gut, known trivially as canavanine hydrolase (CH), to catalyze an irreversible hydrolysis of L-canavanine to L-homoserine and hydroxyguanidine. As such, it represents a new type of hydrolase, one acting on oxygen-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.13.1.1). This enzyme has been isolated from the excised gut of H. virescens and purified to homogeneity; it exhibits an apparent Km value for L-canavanine of 1.1 mM and a turnover number of 21.1 micromol x min(-1)x micromol(-1). This enzyme has a mass of 285 kDa and is composed of two subunits with a mass of 50 kDa or 47.5 kDa. CH has a high degree of specificity for L-canavanine as it cannot function effectively with either L-2-amino-5-(guanidinooxy)pentanoate or L-2-amino-3-(guanidinooxy)propionate, the higher or lower homolog of L-canavanine, respectively. L-Canavanine derivatives such as methyl-L-canavanine, or L-canaline and O-ureido-L-homoserine, are not metabolized significantly by CH.
Synthesis of paraxanthine analogs (1,7-disubstituted xanthines) and other xanthines unsubstituted at the 3-position: structure-activity relationships at adenosine receptors (1993)

Synthetic procedures for the preparation of various 3-unsubstituted xanthines, including paraxanthine analogs (1,7-disubstituted xanthines) and 1,8-disubstituted xanthines, were developed. Silylation of 1-substituted xanthines followed by alkylation at the 7-position provides a facile route to paraxanthine analogs. Regioselective alkylation of tris(trimethylsilyl)-6-aminouracil provides 3-substituted 6-aminouracils, which are converted to 1,8-disubstituted xanthines by standard procedures. The ring closure of 3-substituted 5-cyclopentanecarboxamido- and 5-(benzoylamino)-6-aminouracils requires drastic reaction conditions. Affinity for brain A1 and A2 adenosine receptors was determined in binding assays for these and other xanthines with substituents in 1-, 3-, 7-, 8-, and 9-positions. Substitution at the 1-position was necessary for high affinity at adenosine receptors. 1,3-Disubstituted xanthines generally had higher affinity than 1,7-disubstituted xanthines. 1,8-Disubstituted xanthines had high affinity for adenosine receptors; some were highly selective for A1 receptors.
Prediction of User's Web-Browsing Behavior: Application of Markov Model (2012)

Web prediction is a classification problem in which we attempt to predict the next set of Web pages that a user may visit based on the knowledge of the previously visited pages. Predicting user's behavior while serving the Internet can be applied effectively in various critical applications. Such application has traditional tradeoffs between modeling complexity and prediction accuracy. In this paper, we analyze and study Markov model and all- Kth Markov model in Web prediction. We propose a new modified Markov model to alleviate the issue of scalability in the number of paths. In addition, we present a new two-tier prediction framework that creates an example classifier EC, based on the training examples and the generated classifiers. We show that such framework can improve the prediction time without compromising prediction accuracy. We have used standard benchmark data sets to analyze, compare, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques using variations of Markov models and association rule mining. Our experiments show the effectiveness of our modified Markov model in reducing the number of paths without compromising accuracy. Additionally, the results support our analysis conclusions that accuracy improves with higher orders of all- Kth model.
Development of bending soft actuator with different braided angles (2012)

In recent years, many researchers have been focusing on the different novel techniques in designing pneumatic soft actuator that can produce bending motion. This paper presents a novel soft actuator design; a combination of different braided angles of artificial muscle applied on a single chamber soft actuator to produce bending motion. The actuator construction is based on the theory of contraction and extension of artificial muscle. It comprises of fiber-reinforced inside silicone rubber and is capable to create one-sided bending motion. Analysis of nonlinear finite element method is conducted to predict the direction and bending angles of the actuator before a prototype of actuator is fabricated. Based on the results, the developed soft actuator can realize bending motion after standard pressure driving experiment is executed.
Mutant nuclear lamin A leads to progressive alterations of epigenetic control in premature aging (2006)

The premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is caused by a mutant lamin A (LADelta50). Nuclei in cells expressing LADelta50 are abnormally shaped and display a loss of heterochromatin. To determine the mechanisms responsible for the loss of heterochromatin, epigenetic marks regulating either facultative or constitutive heterochromatin were examined. In cells from a female HGPS patient, histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a mark for facultative heterochromatin, is lost on the inactive X chromosome (Xi). The methyltransferase responsible for this mark, EZH2, is also down-regulated. These alterations are detectable before the changes in nuclear shape that are considered to be the pathological hallmarks of HGPS cells. The results also show a down-regulation of the pericentric constitutive heterochromatin mark, histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 9, and an altered association of this mark with heterochromatin protein 1alpha (Hp1alpha) and the CREST antigen. This loss of constitutive heterochromatin is accompanied by an up-regulation of pericentric satellite III repeat transcripts. In contrast to these decreases in histone H3 methylation states, there is an increase in the trimethylation of histone H4K20, an epigenetic mark for constitutive heterochromatin. Expression of LADelta50 in normal cells induces changes in histone methylation patterns similar to those seen in HGPS cells. The epigenetic changes described most likely represent molecular mechanisms responsible for the rapid progression of premature aging in HGPS patients.
Automatic memory partitioning and scheduling for throughput and power optimization (2011)

Memory bottleneck has become a limiting factor in satisfying the explosive demands on performance and cost in modern embedded system design. Selected computation kernels for acceleration are usually captured by nest loops, which are optimized by state-of-the-art techniques like loop tiling and loop pipelining. However, memory bandwidth bottlenecks prevent designs from reaching optimal throughput with respect to available parallelism. In this paper we present an automatic memory partitioning technique which can efficiently improve throughput and reduce energy consumption of pipelined loop kernels for given throughput constraints and platform requirements. Also, our proposed algorithm can handle general array access beyond affine array references. Our partition scheme consists of two steps. The first step considers cycle accurate scheduling information to meet the hard constraints on memory bandwidth requirements specifically for synchronized hardware designs. An ILP formulation is proposed to solve the memory partitioning and scheduling problem optimally for small designs, followed by a heuristic algorithm which is more scalable and equally effective for solving large scale problems. Experimental results show an average 6× throughput improvement on a set of real-world designs with moderate area increase (about 45% on average), given that less resource sharing opportunities exist with higher throughput in optimized designs. The second step further partitions the memory banks for reducing the dynamic power consumption of the final design. In contrast to previous approaches, our technique can statically compute memory access frequencies in polynomial time with little or no profiling. Experimental results show about 30% power reduction on the same set of benchmarks.
2.5‐dimensional modeling and inversion of CSEM data (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19992.5‐dimensional modeling and inversion of CSEM dataAuthors: Yuji MitsuhataToshihiro UchidaYuji MitsuhataGeophysics Dept. Geological Survey of Japan and Toshihiro UchidaGeophysics Dept. Geological Survey of Japanhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820991 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820991FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Yuji Mitsuhata and Toshihiro Uchida, (1999), "2.5‐dimensional modeling and inversion of CSEM data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 247-250. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820991 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chapel , Fortress and X10 : novel languages for HPC (2007)

Chapel, Fortress and X10 are novel languages focussed on the HPC community. They have been developed with the aim to facilitate the programming of large next- generation parallel systems and increase both the productivity of the programs' developers and the scalability of the developed codes. This report introduces these languages by offering on overview of the design and specification of each language. The report will focus on each language's way of handling task and data parallelism. At the time of writing, all three languages are still in early development stages and any available compilers are experimental. For this reason (in part also for licensing reasons), the report does not touch on language or code performance. This is a Technical Report from the HPCx Consortium c HPCx UoE Ltd 2007
Tomographic imaging with terahertz pulses (2003)

Summary form only given. Conventional lenses are based on refraction, while a Fresnel binary lens operates by diffraction. Fresnel lenses offer the ability to perform unique beam manipulation and frequency-dependent focusing. The linearly frequency-dependent focal length of a Fresnel lens allows tomographic imaging of a target using multiple frequencies. Objects at various locations along the beam propagation path are uniquely imaged on the same imaging plane using a Fresnel lens with different frequencies of the imaging beam. This procedure allows the reconstruction of an object's tomographic contrast image by assembling the frequency-dependent images, and provides a new tomographic imaging modality.
Optimization of Pairings and Detection Conditions for Measurement of FRET between Cyan and Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (2006)

Detection of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins is a key method for quantifying dynamic processes inside living cells. To compare the different cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins, FRET efficiencies were measured for a set of the possible donor:acceptor pairs. FRET between monomeric Cerulean and Venus is more efficient than the ECFP:EYFP pair and has a 10% greater Förster distance. We also compared several live cell microscopy methods for measuring FRET. The greatest contrast for changes in intramolecular FRET is obtained using a combination of ratiometric and spectral imaging. However, this method is not appropriate for establishing the presence of FRET without extra controls. Accurate FRET efficiencies are obtained by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, but these measurements are difficult to collect and analyze. Acceptor photobleaching is a common and simple method for measuring FRET efficiencies. However, when applied to cyan to yellow fluorescent protein FRET, this method becomes prone to an artifact that leads to overestimation of FRET efficiency and false positive signals. FRET was also detected by measuring the acceptor fluorescence anisotropy. Although difficult to quantify, this method is exceptional for screening purposes, because it provides high contrast for discriminating FRET.
Abstracting plan-like program information: a demonstration (1994)

Most programmers spend far more time understanding and modifying existing programs than they spend developing new programs. Current program views used for understanding programs seek to support understanding mainly at the program analysis level; that is, many views are often graphical representations of program analysis concepts, such as the program's data and control dependence graphs, abstract syntax trees or call graphs. However, it may be tedious to understand a program using only such analysis-centered views. We propose a new family of program views that support a more abstract level of program understanding, by describing plan-like program information. In this paper, we show how our views can succinctly present widely-scattered but logically-related program information to describe how certain program effects (e.g. the pattern of occurrence of a global variable) are implemented in a program, and how programmers can interactively manipulate these program views, through view composition and refinement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human N-terminal analogs of interleukin 1 beta demonstrate altered binding and function in hematopoiesis. (1990)

This study describes the structure-function relationship of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) using two amino-terminal muteins of human IL-1 beta. One mutein, clone 18, which substitutes a threonine and methionine for the alanine and proline at positions 1 and 2 of the N-terminus of fully processed and active IL-1 beta, demonstrated similar activity to that of native IL-1 beta in inducing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) from cultured fibroblasts. Clone 18 also demonstrated similar binding to IL-1 beta receptors on fibroblasts when using a competitive binding assay. The second mutein was GLU-4, which in addition to substituting alanine and proline by threonine and methionine also substituted glutamine for arginine at position 4 of the processed IL-1 beta molecule. GLU-4 required a 3-log increase in concentration to obtain the same GM-CSA release from fibroblasts and to produce the same amount of competitive binding inhibition as clone 18 and native IL-1 beta. In addition, preincubation of bone marrow cells with clone 18 and native IL-1 beta demonstrated a greater ability to protect early hematopoietic progenitors from the lethal effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide when compared to similar concentrations of GLU-4. A greater number of large granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and mixed colonies as well as blast cell colonies were observed when bone marrow cells were preincubated for 20 h with clone 18 or native IL-1 beta as compared to preincubation with GLU-4 or medium alone. Therefore, arginine at position 4 of the processed IL-1 beta molecule was shown to be a key residue in the function of IL-1 beta as a hematopoietic regulator. These results also suggest that minor changes in the N-terminal sequence of IL-1 beta result in decreased interaction with its receptor and a subsequent reduction in biological activity.
EFEITO DE DOSES DE GESSO NAS PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DO SOLO (2014)

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de doses de gesso agricola sobre as propriedades quimicas do solo com o cultivo de milheto. O experimento foi executado na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa da Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, num esquema de blocos casualizados com fatorial 2x4 dois tipos de solo (argiloso e arenoso), quatro doses de gesso agricola (0, 2, 4 e 8 t ha -1 ) com quatro repeticoes, totalizando 32 parcelas. Cada parcela constou de um tubo de PVC de 200 mm x 600 mm, primeiramente preenchido com solo de acordo com os tratamentos sorteados e posteriormente instado no campo numa profundidade de 0,60 cm. A recomendacao de calagem e adubacao foi baseada na necessidade nutricional de uma forrageira de media exigencia. Para o plantio utilizou-se a variedade ADR 500 e apos a semeadura foi realizado o desbaste restando apenas duas plantas por tubo. Na colheita os tubos foram retirados do solo para coleta nas camadas de 0-20; 20-40; 40-60 cm, e enviadas ao laboratorio para analise de rotina. Aos dados obtidos foi aplicada a analise de variância e teste de Tukey ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade. Para as doses de gesso foi aplicada analise de regressao. Observou-se que todas as variaveis quimicas dos solos estudados responderam positivamente a aplicacao de gesso. Existindo diferencas nos teores entre o solo arenoso e argiloso, devido as diferencas de granulometria pela constituicao mineralogica e tamponamento entre os solos.