gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-Doped Tungsten Oxide Nanowires and Their Devices (2007)

1-D tungsten oxide nanowires exhibiting distinctive electrochromic, gaschromic properties; in this study, we demonstrate an innovative way to fabricate the tungsten oxide nanowires on silicon substrate. The suggested growth mechanism is Vapor-Solid (VS) growth, while, the nitrogen-doping tungsten oxide nanowires were fabricated via the ammonia decomposition during the formation process. Their nano-devices were successful fabricated and the variety devices characteristics were reported.
Histone-Modifying Complexes Regulate Gene Expression Pertinent to the Differentiation of the Protozoan Parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2005)

Pathogenic apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (malaria) have complex life cycles consisting of multiple stages. The ability to differentiate from one stage to another requires dramatic transcriptional changes, yet there is a paucity of transcription factors in these protozoa. In contrast, we show here that Toxoplasma possesses extensive chromatin remodeling machinery that modulates gene expression relevant to differentiation. We find that, as in other eukaryotes, histone acetylation and arginine methylation are marks of gene activation in Toxoplasma. We have identified mediators of these histone modifications, as well as a histone deacetylase (HDAC), and correlate their presence at target promoters in a stage-specific manner. We purified the first HDAC complex from apicomplexans, which contains novel components in addition to others previously reported in eukaryotes. A Toxoplasma orthologue of the arginine methyltransferase CARM1 appears to work in concert with the acetylase TgGCN5, which exhibits an unusual bias for H3 [K18] in vitro. Inhibition of TgCARM1 induces differentiation, showing that the parasite life cycle can be manipulated by interfering with epigenetic machinery. This may lead to new approaches for therapy against protozoal diseases and highlights Toxoplasma as an informative model to study the evolution of epigenetics in eukaryotic cells.
[Perspectives of research and publication by Japanese anesthesiologists: preface and comments]. (2015)

Quality of Japanese research has risen and studies are now routinely published in international journals. Nevertheless, the number of studies reported by Japanese anesthesiologists is rapidly decreasing. Greater clinical workload, increased rules for carrying out clinical research and publication, and reported incidents of scientific fraud might have been the cause. In this issue, 6 authors from Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists and editors of anesthesia journals analyze the current state of research activity by Japanese anesthesiologists and indicate some practical solutions to increase research activity.
Parity-based output compaction for core-based SOCs [logic testing] (2004)

SOC test application time is strongly determined by the parallelism attained among core tests. Yet, test bandwidth allocation issues typically impose significant limitations on parallel testing of the cores. In this paper, we propose a response compaction methodology for reducing the required output bandwidth of cores, enabling increased parallelism among core tests and hence reducing overall SOC test time. The proposed methodology is based on judiciously partitioning test responses, with each response fragment being compacted individually. The signature corresponding to the response fragments consists of the parity information which is computed through a cost-effective on-chip space and time compaction mechanism. We show that the proposed technique not only delivers negligible aliasing for any (modeled or unmodeled) fault but that it also provides diagnostic and unknown response value handling capabilities.
Computer-assisted methods for assessing strain relatedness in Candida albicans by fingerprinting with the moderately repetitive sequence Ca3 (1990)

When used to probe EcoRI-digested Candida albicans DNA, the moderately repetitive sequence Ca3 generated a Southern blot hybridization pattern which included 15 to 25 bands, depending upon the strain. The pattern was stable through 400 generations in each of three independent strains but variable between most of 46 unrelated tester strains, making it a very effective probe for discrimination between strains. Computer-assisted methods (Dendron) were developed for storage of Ca3 patterns in data files, calculation of similarity (SAB) values between strains based upon band positions and intensities, and generation of histograms and dendrograms based on SAB values for all strains or any subset of strains in large epidemiological studies. In testing the effectiveness of the system, it was found that (i) multiple isolates from different body locations of the same healthy individual could represent either the same strain or different strains, (ii) isolates from oral lesions of a husband and wife represented the same strain, (iii) strains isolated from the mouths of 10 healthy individuals on the same day and in the same geographical location were as dissimilar on average as the 46 unrelated tester strains, and (iv) strains isolated from seven immunocompromised patients hospitalized over a 2.5-month period in the same hospital were highly similar, indicating nosocomial origin. The apparent effectiveness of these fingerprinting methods and the Dendron program suggests that interlaboratory procedures for fingerprinting should be standardized and all patterns should be analyzed and stored in a common and accessible data base for broad epidemiological analysis.
In-service supervisory EDFA-repeated wavelength division multiplexing transmission system (1995)

An in-service supervisory wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission system is demonstrated for the first time. Simultaneous fault location and EDFA status-monitoring are achieved without degrading the 2.5 Gb/s service in a five-EDFA, 365-km, four-WDM-channel system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stabilin‐1/CLEVER‐1, a type 2 macrophage marker, is an adhesion and scavenging molecule on human placental macrophages (2011)

Stabilin-1/common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1) is a multidomain protein present in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells and type 2 immunosuppressive macrophages. In adults, stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is a scavenging receptor and an adhesion molecule, but much less is known about its role during development. Here, we studied the expression and functions of macrophage stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 in human placenta and during human ontogeny. Using newly generated mAbs, we found that stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is expressed on virtually all macrophages in term placenta, both in the decidua and in the placental villi. Placental stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 was involved in the scavenging of Ac-LDL (acetylated low density lipoprotein) and in the uptake of fluorescently labeled model antigen OVA. siRNA-mediated suppression of stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 altered the cytokine profile produced by placental macrophages. Stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 on placental macrophages mediated their adhesion to placental vessels and supported their transmigration through vascular endothelium. Finally, we found that stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is induced very early in fetal macrophages, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels in multiple lymphatic organs. Together, these data suggest that macrophage stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 can potentially regulate leukocyte migration and scavenging during the development of the placenta and fetus.
Classification and Segmentation of Nanoparticle Diffusion Trajectories in Cellular Micro Environments (2017)

Darkfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy both allow for a simultaneous observation of live cells and single nanoparticles. Accordingly, a characterization of nanoparticle uptake and intracellular mobility appears possible within living cells. Single particle tracking allows to measure the size of a diffusing particle close to a cell. However, within the more complex system of a cell's cytoplasm normal, confined or anomalous diffusion together with directed motion may occur. In this work we present a method to automatically classify and segment single trajectories into their respective motion types. Single trajectories were found to contain more than one motion type. We have trained a random forest with 9 different features. The average error over all motion types for synthetic trajectories was 7.2%. The software was successfully applied to trajectories of positive controls for normal- and constrained diffusion. Trajectories captured by nanoparticle tracking analysis served as positive control for normal diffusion. Nanoparticles inserted into a diblock copolymer membrane was used to generate constrained diffusion. Finally we segmented trajectories of diffusing (nano-)particles in V79 cells captured with both darkfield- and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The software called "TraJClassifier" is freely available as ImageJ/Fiji plugin via https://git.io/v6uz2.
A systematic methodology to develop resilient cache coherence protocols (2011)

Aggressive transistor scaling continues to increase integration capacity with each new technology node, but technology downscaling also increases the vulnerability of semiconductor devices and causes silicon failures. Thus, fault-tolerant architectures are emerging to guarantee reliable functionality on unreliable silicon. While tolerating faults within a processor core has been extensively researched, the many-core era introduces the challenge of reliable on-chip communication in Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs). In CMP systems, an unreliable interconnection network can lose or corrupt coherence messages, causing the entire chip to deadlock. In this work, we argue for a system-level resiliency solution to tolerate an unreliable underlying Network-on-Chip (NoC). We introduce a systematic methodology to transform a coherence protocol to a resilient one, by extending its Finite State Machine (FSM) with safe states and incorporating additional handshaking messages into transactions. The modified protocol ensures coherent and reliable transactions over any lossy NoC. Our approach is generic and can be applied to a wide range of protocols. It requires minimal hardware modifications and introduces only a slight performance overhead (an average of 0.8% during fault-free operation, and 1.9% even at an aggressive fault rate of one fault per msec).
A fragile software watermarking algorithm for content authentication (2009)

A new fragile blind watermarking algorithm for content authentication is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the program (cover work) is divided into segments according to the three basic program control structures (sequence, branch and loop). Secondly, the frangibility of watermark is used to mark the variation of the code line, which achieved through using a hash function and generalized character sums. The process of authentication is completed through two phases. The first phase is segment authentication. The program can be passed successfully only if each segment authentication can be passed. The second phase is line authentication, which will be taken only if one of the segment authentications is not passed. The tampered line will be located at this phase. Not only can the algorithm be used to the content authentication, but also it can be applied in software tamper-proofing,control structure authentication and software configuration management etc.
Stimulated Emission of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (2008)

We have observed laserlike emission of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) decoupled to the glass prism in an attenuated total reflection setup. SPPs were excited by optically pumped molecules in a polymeric film deposited on the top of a silver film. Stimulated emission was characterized by a distinct threshold in the input-output dependence and narrowing of the emission spectrum. The observed stimulated emission and corresponding compensation of the metallic absorption loss by gain enables many applications of metamaterials and nanoplasmonic devices.
Hot/cold clustering for page mapping in NAND flash memory (2011)

NAND flash memory, which is widely used as a storage medium for mobile devices because of its lightweight, shock-resistant, silent, and energy-efficient characteristics, lacks an over-write operation. Therefore, NAND-based storage devices deploy a flash translation layer (FTL) to emulate the over-write operation with out-of-place updates. However, as out-of-place updates write data to new unwritten spaces, clean spaces eventually become scarce. This initiates a garbage collection process that accompanies several NAND writes and erases. Thus, it is important to reduce the latency and frequency of garbage collection, which is a primary aim of the present work. The central idea is to cluster hot and cold data separately to reduce the number of valid pages in a victim block at the time of garbage collection. Reducing the number of valid pages of the victim block contributes to the reduction of both the latency and frequency of the garbage collection process. Trace-driven simulations show that the proposed hot/cold clustering improves write throughput by up to 18%.
KAY v. I.T.W. LTD. (1967)

April 24, 1967 Master and Servant — Vicarious liability — Scope of employment — Customer's five ton vehicle blocking access to warehouse — Driver of fork lift truck's inability to gain access — Attempted removal of five ton lorry by driver of truck — Accident to fellow employee — Whether in course of employment — Liability of employers.
Chomsky: ideas and ideals (2000)

1. The mirror of the mind 2. The linguistic foundation 3. Language and psychology 4. Philosophical realism: commitments and controversies 5. Language and freedom.
Efficient Non-iterative Domain Adaptation of Pedestrian Detectors to Video Scenes (2014)

Pedestrian detection is an essential step in many important applications of Computer Vision. Most detectors require manually annotated ground-truth to train, the collection of which is labor intensive and time-consuming. Generally, this training data is from representative views of pedestrians captured from a variety of scenes. Unsurprisingly, the performance of a detector on a new scene can be improved by tailoring the detector to the specific viewpoint, background and imaging conditions of the scene. Unfortunately, for many applications it is not practical to acquire this scene-specific training data by hand. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to automatically adapt and tune a generic pedestrian detector to specific scenes which may possess different data distributions than the original dataset from which the detector was trained. Most state-of-the-art approaches can be inefficient, require manually set number of iterations to converge and some form of human intervention. Our algorithm is a step towards overcoming these problems and although simple to implement, our algorithm exceeds state-of-the-art performance.
Sequence analysis of acetylation and methylation in two histone H3 variants of alfalfa. (1990)

Analysis of acetylation in the two histone H3 variants of alfalfa by acid/urea/Triton-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has established that the minor variant H3.2 has a 2-fold higher level of acetylation than the major variant H3.1. Purification and sequence analysis of both variants showed sequence identity across the complete amino-terminal domain, which contains the 6 modified lysines 4, 8, 14, 18, 23, and 27. The two proteins have different distributions for acetylation: mono-, di-, and tri-methylation. The higher level of acetylation of H3.2 was confirmed in a wider pattern across all 6 lysines. Lysine modification levels varied for all sites in both proteins between 5 and 95%, with combinations of one to four types of modification co-existing at each residue. Additional sequence analysis of the H3.1 and H3.2 proteins and of tryptic core peptides established that the two histones differ only in residues 31, 41, 87, and 90. This indicates that major histone H3.1 is the product of the major alfalfa histone H3 gene and makes it likely that H3.2 is the product of the minor H3 gene, known from a partial cDNA clone. The variant-specific differences in lysine modifications in protein domains with identical primary structures suggest that the pattern and level of lysine modifications may be directed by the distinct chromatin environments of the two histone H3 variants.
Origins of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the malaria parasite, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, in human red blood cells (1992)

We have attempted to determine whether the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, in which the malaria parasite (merozoite) encapsulates itself when it enters a red blood cell, is derived from the host cell plasma membrane, as the appearance of the invasion process in the electron microscope has been taken to suggest, or from lipid material stored in the merozoite. We have incorporated into the red cell membrane a haptenic phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, containing an NBD (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)) group, substituted in the acyl chain, and allowed it to translocate into the inner bilayer leaflet. After invasion of these labelled cells by the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, immuno-gold electron microscopy was used to follow the distribution of the labelled lipid; this was found to be overwhelmingly in favour of the host cell membrane relative to the parasitophorous vacuole. Merozoites of P. knowlesi were allowed to attach irreversibly to red cells without invasion, using the method of pretreatment with cytochalasin. The region of contact between the merozoite and the host cell membrane was in all cases devoid of the labelled phosphatidylethanolamine. These results lead us to infer that the parasitophorous vacuole membrane is derived wholly or partly from lipid preexisting in the merozoite.
Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Open-Label, Dose-Optimization Study (2009)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00500071.
The Actinomyces of the Human Mouth (1941)

Journal Article The Actinomyces of the Human Mouth Get access Basil G. Bibby, Basil G. Bibby From the Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Holmes T. Knighton Holmes T. Knighton From the Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 69, Issue 2, September 1941, Pages 148–154, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/69.2.148 Published: 01 September 1941 Article history Received: 04 April 1941 Published: 01 September 1941
Establishing gene function by mutagenesis in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2004)

The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana was sequenced to near completion a few years ago, and ahead lies the challenge of understanding its meaning and discerning its potential. How many genes are there? What are they? What do they do? Computer algorithms combined with genome array technologies have proven efficient in addressing the first two questions as shown in a recent report (Yamada et al., 2003). However, assessing the function of every gene in every cell will require years of careful analyses of the phenotypes caused by mutations in each gene. Current progress in generating large numbers of molecular markers and near-saturation insertion mutant collections has immensely facilitated functional genomics studies in Arabidopsis. In this review, we focus on how gene function can be revealed through the analysis of mutants by either forward or reverse genetics. These mutants generally fall into two distinct classes. The first class typically includes point mutations or small deletions derived from chemical or fast neutron mutagenesis whereas the second class includes insertions of transferred-DNA or transposon elements. We describe the current methods that are used to identify the gene corresponding to these mutations, which can then be used as a probe to further dissect its function.
Deficits in Motor Coordination with Aberrant Cerebellar Development in Mice Lacking Testicular Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4 (2005)

Since testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) was cloned, its physiological function has remained largely unknown. Throughout postnatal development, TR4-knockout (TR4-/-) mice exhibited behavioral deficits in motor coordination, suggesting impaired cerebellar function. Histological examination of the postnatal TR4-/- cerebellum revealed gross abnormalities in foliation; specifically, lobule VII in the anterior vermis was missing. Further analyses demonstrated that the laminations of the TR4-/- cerebellar cortex were changed, including reductions in the thickness of the molecular layer and the internal granule layer, as well as delayed disappearance of the external granule cell layer (EGL). These lamination irregularities may result from interference with granule cell proliferation within the EGL, delayed inward migration of postmitotic granule cells, and a higher incidence of apoptotis. In addition, abnormal development of Purkinje cells was observed in the postnatal TR4-/- cerebellum, as evidenced by aberrant dendritic arborization and reduced calbindin staining intensity. Expression of Pax-6, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), astrotactin (Astn), reelin, and Cdk-5, genes correlated with the morphological development of the cerebellum, is reduced in the developing TR4-/- cerebellum. Together, our findings suggest that TR4 is required for normal cerebellar development.
Tumor angiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma (1994)

Angiogenesis assessed by microvessel counts, correlated positively with relapse after surgical resection and hematogenous metastasis in all stages of lung adenocarcinoma; there was no correlation with lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.
Signal Power Integrity and Design Consideration in Package Modeling (2008)

Package electrical modeling is very critical for evaluating system level performance in high speed system design. The properties of the model, for example, the valid frequency range, the accuracy of the model and the complexity of the model, directly affect the simulation results and simulation time. The model should capture enough package electrical behavior to enable accurate signal and power integrity analysis and guide design improvements. This paper presents a thorough review of the challenges in package modeling related with both signal and power integrity. Feasible solutions are presented with practical package modeling examples.