gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of anthracycline growth inhibition in parent and multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells by cyclosporin A and its analogues. (1989)

Cyclosporins have been shown to sensitize multidrug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutic agents but, generally, have minimal effect on sensitive lines. We studied the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) and two nonimmunosuppressive analogues, 11-methyl-leucine- (11-Me-Leu-CsA) and 6-methyl-alanine-cyclosporin A (6-Me-Ala-CsA), on the action of doxorubicin (DOX) and 4'-epidoxorubicin against parent (AuXB1) and multidrug-resistant (CHRC5) Chinese hamster ovary cells. CsA and its two analogues reduced the IC50 values for DOX in sensitive AuXB1 cells from 0.1 to 0.01-0.02 microM. Cyclosporins reduced the IC50 of DOX in resistant CHRC5 cells from 9 to 0.1 (CsA), 0.7 (6-Me-Ala-CsA), and 1.2 microM (11-Me-Leu-CsA). Similar results were seen when cyclosporins were combined with 4'-epidoxorubicin. The cyclosporins alone had no effect at these concentrations (1-2.0 micrograms/ml). Dose-response curves suggested that CsA was a more potent modifying agent than 11-Me-Leu-CsA towards resistant CHRC5 cells. The ability of the cyclosporins to enhance anthracycline growth inhibition in parent AuXB1 cells may be related to an increase in drug uptake and an increase in anthracycline-induced DNA damage. CsA increased DOX accumulation as well as DOX-associated DNA single-strand breaks in AuXB1 cells over those seen in cells exposed to DOX alone. The degree of increase in DNA breaks paralleled the degree of growth inhibition seen in cells exposed to the same concentrations of drugs. In contrast, CsA had no effect on DOX accumulation or DNA single-strand breaks in CHRC5 cells. These findings imply that, in the resistant cell line, the enhanced anthracycline growth inhibition in the presence of CsA is independent of DOX accumulation and single-strand DNA breaks. These studies demonstrate that CsA and two nonimmunosuppressive analogues can sensitize both sensitive and resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells to anthracyclines. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying this effect may differ between sensitive and multidrug-resistant cells.
Characteristics of Very High-Aspect-Ratio Contact Hole Etching (1997)

An ultrahigh-aspect-ratio, 0.06-µ m-diameter, 2-µ m-deep contact hole pattern of SiO 2 was successfully fabricated using a poly-Si mask and a magnetically enhanced reactive-ion-etching (RIE) system in a mixture of CHF 3 /CO gas. In this dimensional area, processing for vertical profiles is extremely difficult, and problems in the form of bowing at the sidewalls of the holes can occur. Furthermore, it is possible that ion flux and energy are significantly reduced when ions pass through the poly-Si mask, rather than through the SiO 2 hole. The bowing is associated with bending of the incident ion trajectories, where the first stage of the trajectory change occurs at the mask, and subsequent multiple scattering of ions at the sidewall of the hole can occur. Other factors include sidewall protection by redeposited Si sputtered from the poly-Si mask and/or the deposited fluorocarbon polymers, and the effects of ion energy and flux bombarding these deposited materials.
Islet cell antibodies and fasting plasma C-peptide during the first 10 yr after diagnosis in patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosed in adult age (1992)

Islet cell antibodies (ICA), fasting plasma C-peptide, and HbA(1c) were evaluated up to 10 years after diagnosis in 52 patients with diabetes diagnosed in adult age (mean age at diagnosis 53 ± 2 yr, range 21-76 yr) with a high (>20 IU/day) insulin requirement (group A) and in 50 matched control patients with diabetes diagnosed in adult age (mean age at diagnosis 54 ± 2 yr, range 24-73 yr) with low or no (<20 IU/day) insulin requirement (group B) during the first 3 yrs after diagnosis. Patients in group A showed a significantly higher frequency of ICA (37% [19/52] vs 10% [5/50]; p < 0.05), lower C-peptide (0.33 ± 0.06 nmol/l vs 0.56 ± 0.05 nmol/l; p < 0.001) and higher HbA(1c) (8.15 ± 0.35% vs 6.81 ± 0.25%; p < 0.01) values than group B patients. ICA positive group A patients (0.22 ± 0.06 nmol/l) showed significantly lower C-peptide values than ICA negative group A (0.40 ± 0.09 nmol/l; p < 0.05) patients. C-peptide values correlated with body mass index (BMI) in ICA negative patients both in group A (r = 0.66; p < 0.001) and in group B (r = 0.34; p < 0.05) but not in ICA positive group A patients in whom C-peptide values correlated with age (r = 0.48; p < 0.05). There was a correlation between HbA(1c) and C-peptide values in ICA negative (n = 78; r = -0.31; p < 0.01) but not in ICA positive patients (n = 24; r = -0.17; NS). ICA were most frequent in females (20/59 females vs 4/43 males; p < 0.01). ICA is associated with decreased pancreatic β-cell function in patients with diabetes diagnosed in adult age and may be detected up to 10 yr after diagnosis. Determination of ICA in patients with diabetes diagnosed in adult age improve the classification and etiological diagnosis of diabetes.
Instrumentation for Process Measurement and Control (1980)

FEEDBACK ON PROCESS CONTROL Introduction to Process Control Process/Pressure Measuring Instruments Level and Density Measurements Flow Measurement Temperature and Humidity Measurements Analytical Measurements PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS The Feedback Control Loop Pneumatic Control Mechanisms Electronic (Analog) Control Systems ACTUATORS AND VALVES Actuators Control Valves CONTROL LOOP ADJUSTMENT AND ANALYSIS Controller Adjustments Step-Analysis Method of Finding Time Constant Frequency Response Analysis COMBINATION CONTROL SYSTEMS Split-Range, Auto-Selector, Ratio, and Cascade Systems Feedforward Control PROCESS COMPUTERS AND SIMULATION Computer Interface and Hardware Computer Software and Operation Programmed Control Systems Constructing and Instrumenting Real and Simulated Processes APPENDIX GLOSSARY ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Using Weakest Preconditions to Simplify Integrity Constraint Checking. (1993)

We present a procedure for deriving the weakest precondition for a database update and an integrity constraint. We show how to simplify the weakest precondition to produce a condition to be evaluated before the update is performed. This provides an efficient means to ensure that database updates maintain integrity constraints.
Frontoparietal cortical activity of methamphetamine‐dependent and comparison subjects performing a delay discounting task (2006)

Relative to individuals who do not have addictive disorders, drug abusers exhibit greater devaluation of rewards as a function of their delay ("delay discounting"). The present study sought to extend this finding to methamphetamine (MA) abusers and to help understand its neural basis. MA abusers (n = 12) and control subjects who did not use illicit drugs (n = 17) participated in tests of delay discounting with hypothetical money rewards. We then used a derived estimate of each individual's delay discounting to generate a functional magnetic resonance imaging probe task consisting of three conditions: "hard choices," requiring selections between "smaller, sooner" and "larger, later" alternatives that were similarly valued given the individual's delay discounting; "easy choices," in which alternatives differed dramatically in value; and a "no choice" control condition. MA abusers exhibited more delay discounting than control subjects (P < 0.05). Across groups, the "hard choice > no choice" contrast revealed significant effects in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and areas surrounding the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). With group comparisons limited to these clusters, the "hard choice > easy choice" contrast indicated significant group differences in task-related activity within the left DLPFC and right IPS; qualitatively similar nonsignificant effects were present in the other clusters tested. Whereas control subjects showed less recruitment associated with easy than with hard choices, MA abusers generally did not. Correlational analysis did not indicate a relationship between this anomaly in frontoparietal recruitment and greater degree of delay discounting exhibited by MA abusers. Therefore, while apparent inefficiency of cortical processing related to decision-making in MA abusers may contribute to the neural basis of enhanced delay discounting by this population, other factors remain to be identified.
CDROM recording for every library (1994)

Perhaps you have a large database you would like to distribute, or you may want to archive materials in a computer‐read‐able form that will last for 70 to 100 years. These goals are now within practical and affordable grasp, using personal computer‐based CD recording systems.
Effect of amide moieties for hydrogelators on gelation property and heating-free pH responsive gel-sol phase transition (2012)

Two long-chain amidoamine derivatives (C13A2AOH and C17A2AOH) bearing three amide moieties were synthesized and their gelation ability and pH responsivity were compared with a similar, previously reported amidoamine derivative gelator with two amide moieties. C13A2AOH and C17A2AOH gels prepared in water and organic solvents acted as ambidextrous low molecular mass gelators. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that C13A2AOH and C17A2AOH formed lamellar-like aggregates in the gels, where the amide moieties were in a strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding state. The gelation ability, i.e., the molar ratio of solvent to gelator, was significantly dependent on the length of the alkyl chain and the number of amide moieties. In addition, the C13A2AOH and C17A2AOH hydrogels exhibited highly pH-responsive gel-sol transitions. The gel-sol transition for the hydrogels was induced by protonation of the ternary amine and the transition was completely reversible by regulating only the pH without heating.
User created tangible controls using ForceForm (2013)

Touch surfaces are common devices but they are often uniformly flat and provide little flexibility beyond changing the visual information communicated to the user via software. Furthermore, controls for interaction are not tangible and are usually specified and placed by the user interface designer. Using ForceForm, a dynamically deformable interactive surface, the user is able to directly sculpt the surface to create tangible controls with force feedback properties. These controls can be made according to the user's specifications, and can then be relinquished when no longer needed. We describe this method of interaction, provide an implementation of a slider, and ideas for further controls.
Tumor cell‐specific inhibition of <scp>MYC</scp> function using small molecule inhibitors of the <scp>HUWE</scp> 1 ubiquitin ligase (2014)

Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, necessitating novel strategies to inhibit MYC function. The ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 (HECTH9, ARF-BP1, MULE) associates with both MYC and the MYC-associated protein MIZ1. We show here that HUWE1 is required for growth of colorectal cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft models. Using high-throughput screening, we identify small molecule inhibitors of HUWE1, which inhibit MYC-dependent transactivation in colorectal cancer cells, but not in stem and normal colon epithelial cells. Inhibition of HUWE1 stabilizes MIZ1. MIZ1 globally accumulates on MYC target genes and contributes to repression of MYC-activated target genes upon HUWE1 inhibition. Our data show that transcriptional activation by MYC in colon cancer cells requires the continuous degradation of MIZ1 and identify a novel principle that allows for inhibition of MYC function in tumor cells.
A Novel Glucokinase Regulator in Pancreatic β Cells (2001)

A glucokinase regulatory protein has been reported to exist in the liver, which suppresses enzyme activity in a complex with fructose 6-phosphate, whereas no corresponding protein has been found in pancreatic beta cells. To search for such a protein in pancreatic beta cells, we screened for a cDNA library of the HIT-T15 cell line with the cDNA of glucokinase from rat islet by the yeast two hybrid system. We detected a cDNA encoding the precursor of propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta subunit (pbetaPCCase), and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay illustrated that pbetaPCCase interacted with recombinant rat islet glucokinase and with glucokinase in rat liver and islet extracts. Functional analysis indicated that pbetaPCCase decreased the K(m) value of recombinant islet glucokinase for glucose by 18% and increased V(max) value by 23%. We concluded that pbetaPCCase might be a novel activator of glucokinase in pancreatic beta cells.
Undulatory Locomotion of Magnetic Multilink Nanoswimmers (2015)

Micro- and nanorobots operating in low Reynolds number fluid environments require specialized swimming strategies for efficient locomotion. Prior research has focused on designs mimicking the rotary corkscrew motion of bacterial flagella or the planar beating motion of eukaryotic flagella. These biologically inspired designs are typically of uniform construction along their flagellar axis. This work demonstrates for the first time planar undulations of composite multilink nanowire-based chains (diameter 200 nm) induced by a planar-oscillating magnetic field. Those chains comprise an elastic eukaryote-like polypyrrole tail and rigid magnetic nickel links connected by flexible polymer bilayer hinges. The multilink design exhibits a high swimming efficiency. Furthermore, the manufacturing process enables tuning the geometrical and material properties to specific applications.
The spindle assembly checkpoint is not essential for CSF arrest of mouse oocytes (2004)

In Xenopus oocytes, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase Bub1 is required for cytostatic factor (CSF)-induced metaphase arrest in meiosis II. To investigate whether matured mouse oocytes are kept in metaphase by a SAC-mediated inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) complex, we injected a dominant-negative Bub1 mutant (Bub1dn) into mouse oocytes undergoing meiosis in vitro. Passage through meiosis I was accelerated, but even though the SAC was disrupted, injected oocytes still arrested at metaphase II. Bub1dn-injected oocytes released from CSF and treated with nocodazole to disrupt the second meiotic spindle proceeded into interphase, whereas noninjected control oocytes remained arrested at metaphase. Similar results were obtained using dominant-negative forms of Mad2 and BubR1, as well as checkpoint resistant dominant APC/C activating forms of Cdc20. Thus, SAC proteins are required for checkpoint functions in meiosis I and II, but, in contrast to frog eggs, the SAC is not required for establishing or maintaining the CSF arrest in mouse oocytes.
Priority in DBMS resource scheduling (1989)

In this paper, we address the problem of priority scheduling in a database management system. We start by investigating the architectural consequences of adding priority to a DBMS. Specific priority-based schemes are then proposed for managing DBMS resources, including a priority-based disk scheduling algorithm and two approaches to adding priority to the buffer manager of a DBMS. We study the performance of our proposals through simulation, both individually and in combination. Our simulation results indicate that the objectives of priority scheduling cannot be met by a single priority-based scheduler. They show that, regardless of whether the system bottleneck is the CPU or the disk, priority scheduling on the critical resource must be complemented by a priority-based buffer management policy.
Human regulatory <scp>T</scp> cells lack the cyclophosphamide‐extruding transporter <scp>ABCB</scp>1 and are more susceptible to cyclophosphamide‐induced apoptosis (2014)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABC-transporter B1 (ABCB1), extrude drugs, metabolites, and other compounds (such as mitotracker green (MTG)) from cells. Susceptibility of CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells to the ABCB1-substrate cyclophosphamide (CPA) has been reported. Here, we characterized ABCB1 expression and function in human CD4(+) T-cell subsets. Naïve, central memory, and effector-memory CD4(+) T cells, but not Treg cells, effluxed MTG in an ABCB1-dependent manner. In line with this, ABCB1 mRNA and protein was expressed by nonregulatory CD4(+) T-cell subsets, but not Treg cells. In vitro, the ABCB1-substrate CPA was cytotoxic for Treg cells at a 100-fold lower dose than for nonregulatory counterparts, and, inversely, verapamil, an inhibitor of ABC transporters, increased CPA-toxicity in nonregulatory CD4(+) T cells but not Treg cells. Thus, Treg cells lack expression of ABCB1, rendering them selectively susceptible to CPA. Our findings provide mechanistic support for therapeutic strategies using CPA to boost anti-tumor immunity by selectively depleting Treg cells.
Cyprian and Church Unity (1995)

Cyprian of Carthage is often mentioned in discussions of church unity and at times the impression is that he simply counsels both the avoidance of formal schism and passive obedience to the local bishop. Yet he is a more complex figure than this. His life and writing suggest that when we reflect on the unity of the church we should ask first in quite concrete terms what is demanded by the following of Jesus Christ and the living of the Gospel. When we have identified the contemporary shape of living the Gospel, we need then to ask how we might express it in a harmonious way. Unity with the bishop will be one part of this public expression of a demanding discipleship. The article considers what might be some other parts of this public expression in the Australian situation.
A 30 ns (600 MOPS) image processor with a reconfigurable pipeline architecture (1989)

A 30-ns (600-MOPS) image processor is described. The 200 K-transistor chip has been fabricated in a 1.2-μm CMOS. A reconfigurable pipeline architecture with an array of nine multiplier/accumulators (MAC) is implemented by interchanging its pipelined data paths. This allows it to perform both matrix products and convolutions, systolically, for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and transversal filters at HDTV rate. 512 by 512-pixel image data can be computed in less than 7.9 ms with sufficient resolution
Immortalization of human dental papilla, dental pulp, periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts by telomerase reverse transcriptase (2004)

These cell lines will be useful tools for studying the repair and regeneration of dental and periodontal tissues and various diseases including odontogenic tumors.
Motor, cognitive, and functional declines contribute to a single progressive factor in early HD (2017)

Use of a composite motor, cognitive, and global functional clinical outcome measure in HD provides an improved measure of clinical progression more related to measures of progressive brain atrophy and provides an opportunity for enhanced clinical trial efficiency relative to currently used individual motor, cognitive, and functional outcome measures.
Cytotoxic T cells in HIV2 seropositive Gambians. Identification of a virus-specific MHC-restricted peptide epitope. (1993)

A preliminary study of gag-specific, MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL has been performed in nine Gambian patients infected with HIV2. Such CTL were present in at least 55% of patients in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells without the requirement for in vitro restimulation. We have identified a nonamer peptide from HIV2 gag that is recognized by CD8+ HLA-B53 CTL using an amino acid sequence motif predicted from analysis of endogenous peptides eluted from HLA-B53 molecules. This peptide, from an HIV2/SIV conserved sequence, has previously been reported to be recognized by CTL from non-human primates vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the gag protein of SIV or infected with SIV virus. HLA-B53-restricted, HIV2 gag-specific CTL did not recognize target cells expressing HIV1 gag proteins, indicating that no cellular cross protection to HIV1 could be expected in this case.
Automating vertical profiling (2005)

Last year at OOPSLA we presented a methodology, vertical profiling, for understanding the performance of object-oriented programs. The key insight behind this methodology is that modern programs run on top of many layers (virtual machine, middleware, etc) and thus we need to collect and combine information from all layers in order to understand system performance. Although our methodology was able to explain previously unexplained performance phenomena, it was extremely labor intensive. In this paper we describe and evaluate techniques for automating two significant activities of vertical profiling: trace alignment and correlation. Trace alignment aligns traces obtained from separate runs so that one can reason across the traces. We are not aware of any prior approach that effectively and automatically aligns traces. Correlation sifts through hundreds of metrics to find ones that have a bearing on a performance anomaly of interest. In prior work we found that statistical correlation was only sometimes effective. We have identified highly-effective approaches for both activities.For aligning traces we explore dynamic time warping, and for correlation we explore eight correlators based on statistical correlation, distance measures, and piecewise linear segmentation. Although we explore these activities in the context of vertical profiling, both activities are widely applicable in the performance analysis area.
Variable bit rate MPEG video storage on parallel disk arrays (2002)

We discuss issues related to the storage and retrieval of variable bit rate (VBR) MPEG video data on parallel disk arrays for multiple simultaneous users. We store data blocks corresponding to constant real-time playback duration. Because of the VBR characteristics and the constant bandwidth read channel, disk overload occurs at peak usage periods. Our strategy to deal with disk overload is to temporarily stop service to low-priority users. To do so, we propose a number of classes of service corresponding to various probabilities of loss, during which time service is suspended. Thus, a major problem is estimating probability of loss or suspension so that a video server system can guarantee service with actual loss probabilities that do not exceed the specified thresholds at the call setup time. We propose three techniques for computing loss probabilities: histogram convolution, Central Limit Theorem, and Cramer's rule. We present an efficient placement strategy and an optimal admissions control strategy that guarantees loss probability thresholds while maximizing the number of requests that can be satisfied at all qualities. We extend these ideas to encompass scalability by allowing appropriate frames in the MPEG-encoded data to be dropped without fully suspending service to any one user. This allows the system to make intelligent choices in gracefully degrading the request data rates during periods of peak usage. Finally, we test the data placement and admissions control algorithms with a discrete event disk array system simulator and show that the results are in accordance with theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>