gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PorA Variable Regions of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2004)

Subtypes, defined by variation in the outer membrane protein PorA, are an integral part of the characterization scheme for Neisseria meningitidis. Identification of these variants remains important as the PorA protein is a major immunogenic component of several meningococcal vaccines under development, and characteristics of PorA are used to provide detailed epidemiologic information. Historically, serosubtypes have been defined by reactivity with a set of monoclonal antibodies. However, nucleotide sequence analyses of porA genes have established that the panel of serosubtyping monoclonal antibodies is not exhaustive, and many porA variants cannot be detected. In addition, the nomenclature system used to define subtypes is inadequate. We examined all available nucleotide sequences of the porA VR1 and VR2 regions to identify and define subtype families. A revised nomenclature scheme, compatible with the previous serologic nomenclature scheme, was devised. A Web-accessible database describing this nomenclature and its relationship to previous schemes was established (available from: http://neisseria.org/nm/typing/pora).
Aquaretic Agents: Whats Beyond the Treatment of Hyponatremia? (2007)

Unlike the more commonly used diuretics, aquaretic agents can induce an increase in urinary volume without incurring a loss of electrolytes. These molecules belong to a family of vasopressin receptor antagonists, V2 in particular, that regulate optional renal water re-absorption via the synthesis and expression of aquaporin-2. In view of their properties, they have become the agent of choice in the treatment of hyponatremic states with water retention, and different studies have demonstrated that they are more effective and practical to use than other traditional approaches in the treatment of diseases such as cirrhosis-related ascites, SIADH and, above all, heart failure. However, the future probably holds the promise of new and unexpected applications for this type of drug in the treatment of several conditions, including polycystic kidney and glomerular disease, glaucoma and Meniere's syndrome.
Diazaphilonic Acid, a New Azaphilone with Telomerase Inhibitory Activity. (1999)

Throughour screening programofbioactive secondary metabolites of microbial origin, we have isolated a new azaphilone-type metabolite, diazaphilonic acid (Fig. In this paper, we report the taxonomy of the producing strain, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties
Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture (2006)

This paper examines the traditional use of medicinal plants in Northern Peru, with special focus on the Departments of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, and San Martin. Northern Peru represents the center of the old Central Andean "Health Axis," stretching from Ecuador to Bolivia. The roots of traditional healing practices in this region go at least as far back as the Moche period (AC 100-800). Although about 50% of the plants in use reported in the colonial period have disappeared from the popular pharmacopoeia, the plant knowledge of the population is much more extensive than in other parts of the Andean region. 510 plant species used for medicinal purposes were collected, identified and their vernacular names, traditional uses and applications recorded. The families best represented were Asteraceae with 69 species, Fabaceae (35), Lamiaceae (25), and Solanaceae (21). Euphorbiaceae had twelve species, and Apiaceae and Poaceae 11 species. The highest number of species was used for the treatment of "magical/ritual" ailments (207 species), followed by respiratory disorders (95), problems of the urinary tract (85), infections of female organs (66), liver ailments (61), inflammations (59), stomach problems (51) and rheumatism (45). Most of the plants used (83%) were native to Peru. Fresh plants, often collected wild, were used in two thirds of all cases, and the most common applications included the ingestion of herb decoctions or the application of plant material as poultices.
Lipopeptides of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins induce Th1 phenotype development in alphabeta T-cell receptor transgenic mice (1997)

Induction of the appropriate T helper cell (Th) subset is crucial for the resolution of infectious diseases and the prevention of immunopathology. Some pathogens preferentially induce Th1 or Th2 responses. How microorganisms influence Th phenotype development is unknown. We asked if Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete which causes Lyme arthritis, can promote a cytokine milieu in which T cells which are not specific for B. burgdorferi are induced to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Using alphabeta T-cell receptor transgenic mice as a source of T cells with a defined specificity other than for B. burgdorferi, we found that B. burgdorferi induced Th1 phenotype development in ovalbumin-specific transgenic T cells. Small synthetic lipopeptides corresponding to the N-terminal sequences of B. burgdorferi outer surface lipoproteins had similar effects. B. burgdorferi and its lipopeptides induced host cells to produce interleukin-12. When the peptides were used in delipidated form, they did not induce Th1 development. These findings may be of pathogenic importance, since it is currently assumed that a Th2-mediated antibody response is protective against B. burgdorferi. Bacteria associated with reactive arthritis, namely, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enteritidis, had different effects. The molecular definition of pathogen-host interactions determining cytokine production should facilitate rational therapeutic interventions directing the host response towards the desired cytokine response. Here, we describe small synthetic molecules capable of inducing Th1 phenotype development.
Arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty: a review. (2001)

Arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty is an elaborate description for an extensive multiple tissue debridement for patients seeking an alternative to total knee replacement. The operation is palliative, not curative. In patients seeking an alternative to total knee replacement, the definitive operation may be avoided or deferred in a high percentage of patients as many as 5 years. Because the abrasion portion of the operation is accompanied by multiple tissue type debridement, it is not known what clinical benefit the abrasion aspect contributes. Furthermore, no prospective randomized clinical studies have been done and most clinicians reporting on their experience with the procedure have varied the indications, technique, and/or postoperative treatment. Future investigation may answer these clinical questions. It is known that fibrocartilage forms at the abrasion site. The reparative tissue has many of the characteristics of cartilage, but does not have the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage. The fibrocartilage has shown durability for many years confirmed during opportunistic second look arthroscopy. The applications of growth factor science or genetic engineering may provide means of converting the regenerative tissue of abrasion arthroplasty to mature articular cartilage.
High resolution monitoring of strain fields in concrete during hydraulic fracturing processes (2016)

We present a distributed fiber optic sensing scheme to image 3D strain fields inside concrete blocks during laboratory-scale hydraulic fracturing. Strain fields were measured by optical fibers embedded during casting of the concrete blocks. The axial strain profile along the optical fiber was interrogated by the in-fiber Rayleigh backscattering with 1-cm spatial resolution using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). The 3D strain fields inside the cubes under various driving pressures and pumping schedules were measured and used to characterize the location, shape, and growth rate of the hydraulic fractures. The fiber optic sensor detection method presented in this paper provides scientists and engineers an unique laboratory tool to understand the hydraulic fracturing processes via internal, 3D strain measurements with the potential to ascertain mechanisms related to crack growth and its associated damage of the surrounding material as well as poromechanically-coupled mechanisms driven by fluid diffusion from the crack into the permeable matrix of concrete specimens.
Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Affects Astrocytoma Morphology, Motility, and Invasion through Activation of Rac1 (2005)

Malignant astrocytomas are highly invasive neoplasms infiltrating diffusely into regions of normal brain. Whereas the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing astrocytoma invasion remain poorly understood, evidence in other cell systems has implicated a role for the Rho-GTPases in cell motility and invasion. Here, we examine how the inhibition or activation of Rho-kinase (ROCK) affects astrocytoma morphology, motility, and invasion. ROCK was inhibited in astrocytoma cells by using 5 to 100 mumol/L of Y27632 or by expressing the dominant-negative ROCK mutant, RB/PH TT. ROCK activation was achieved by expressing a constitutively active mutant, CAT. ROCK inhibition led to morphologic and cytoskeletal alterations characterized by an increase in the number and length of cell processes, increased membrane ruffling, and collapse of actin stress fibers. Using two-dimensional radial migration and Boyden chamber assays, we show that astrocytoma migration and invasion were increased at least 2-fold by ROCK inhibition. On the contrary, ROCK activation significantly inhibited migration and invasion of astrocytoma cells. Furthermore, using a Rac-GTP pull-down assay, we show that Rac1 is activated as a consequence of ROCK inhibition. Finally, we show that treatment of astrocytoma cells with small interfering RNA duplexes specific for Rac1-reversed stellation, prevented membrane ruffling formation and abrogated the increased motility observed following treatment with Y27632. Our data show that Rac1 plays a major role in astrocytoma morphology, motility, and invasion. These findings warrant further investigation to determine precisely how the modulation of Rac1 and ROCK can be exploited to inhibit glioma invasion.
Working memory and human cognition (1997)

The purpose of this book is to compare and contrast different conceptions of working memory. This is one of the most important notions to have informed cognitive psychology over the last twenty years, and it has been used in a wide variety of ways. This, in part, is because contemporary usage of the phrase “working memory” encapsulates various themes that have appeared at different points in the history of research into human memory and cognition. The book presents three dominant views of working memory.
The plant homologue of the <i>defender against apoptotic death</i> gene is down‐regulated during senescence of flower petals<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Petal senescence is an example of a highly reproducible cell death programme. In this programme, DNA is fragmented internucleosomally and cells with condensed nuclei containing an increased number of 5' ends can be detected with the TUNEL technique. The pea homologue of defender against apoptotic death (dad), a gene described to suppress endogenous programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals was isolated. Expression studies show that dad declines dramatically upon flower anthesis disappearing in senescent petals, and is down-regulated by the plant hormone ethylene.
A Statistical Word-Level Translation Model for Comparable Corpora (2000)

In this paper, we present a model of statistical word-level mapping for comparable corpora.The approach is based on the assumption that if two terms have close distributional profiles, their corresponding translations' distributional profiles should be close in a comparable corpus.The proposed model is described.A preliminary investigation on intralanguage comparable corpora is laid out.The preliminary results are >92% accurate, suggesting the feasibility of the model.The model needs to undergo some improvements and should be tested cross linguistically before assessing its significance.
N-terminal 130 amino acids of MDM2 are sufficient to inhibit p53-mediated transcriptional activation. (1995)

The human oncoprotein MDM2 binds with the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibits p53-directed transactivation. In this report we show that deletion of 336 amino acids from the C-terminus of human MDM2 does not decrease its efficiency to bind p53 in vivo and inhibit p53-directed transactivation. Even further deletion of MDM2 from the C-terminus up to amino acid 131 does not reduce its ability to inhibit p53-mediated transactivation. Since deletion up to amino acid 131 also deletes many antigenic sites of MDM2 and the truncated protein cannot be immunoprecipitated by the antibodies available to us, two internal deletions were made to define the p53-interaction domain. Internal deletion of four amino acids beginning at 110 residue (amino acids 110 to 113) did not reduce p53-binding or inhibition of p53-directed transactivation whereas internal deletion of amino acids 60 to 65 reduces but does not abolish these activities. Sequential deletion of amino acids from the N-terminus leads to sequential destruction of p53-binding and inhibition of transactivation capability of MDM2. Fourteen amino acids can be deleted from this end without any reduction of these activities. Deletion of 28 N-terminal amino acids residues drastically reduces, but does not abolish the p53-binding ability of the protein, as well as inhibition of p53-directed transactivation. Deletion of 58 amino acids from the N-terminus of the oncoprotein abolishes its ability to bind p53 in vivo and to inhibit p53-directed transactivation. These results locate the p53-binding domain of MDM2 within amino acids 14 to 154 and inhibition of transactivation domains of MDM2 within amino acid residues 14 to 130 suggesting possible p53-independent biological functions of the 491 amino acid long oncoprotein.
The SV40 Large T Antigen-p53 Complexes Bind and Activate the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Promoter Stimulating Cell Growth (2008)

Inactivation of cellular p53 is a crucial step in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, p53 is inactivated in most human cancers by different mechanisms. In cells infected with DNA tumor viruses, p53 is bound to the viral tumor antigens (Tag). The current "dogma" views the Tag-p53 complexes as a way of sequestering and inactivating p53. Using primary human cells and SV40-transformed human cells, we show that in addition to inactivating p53 tumor suppressor activities, the Tag-p53 complex has growth stimulatory activities that are required for malignant cell growth. We found that in human cells, Tag-p53 complexes regulate transcription of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene by binding to the IGF-I promoter together with pRb and p300. Depletion of p53 leads to structural rearrangements of this multiprotein complex, resulting in IGF-I promoter transcriptional repression and growth arrest. Our data provide a novel mechanistic and biological interpretation of the p53-Tag complexes and of DNA tumor virus transformation in general. In the model we propose, p53 is not a passive inactive partner of Tag. Instead the p53-Tag complex promotes malignant cell growth through its ability to activate the IGF-I signaling pathway.
Serum Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Level is Associated With Postoperative Recurrence of Conventional Renal Cell Cancer (2008)

Our data suggest that serum carbonic anhydrase 9 is increased as the tumor progression occurs. A high carbonic anhydrase 9 level is associated with postoperative recurrence.
Resident-Bubble Cellular Logic Using Magnetic Domains (1972)

A new approach to the design of complex logic circuitry using magnetic bubbles is described. The method is based on the construction of cells that perform simple logical operations and that can be combined to realize more complex functions. An important property of these cells is that no bubbles ever enter or leave any cell, all intercell communications being accomplished by bubble interactions near the cell boundaries. Illustratively, a set of four basic cells is described which is sufficient to realize all combinatorial and sequential switching functions. The cells possess an important synchronization property that allows them to be combined in a manner quite similar to combining semiconductor gates in current technology.
Localization of the cross‐linking sites of RGD and KQAGDV peptides to the isolated fibrinogen receptor, the human platelet integrin glicoprotein IIb/IIIa (1992)

The non-covalent and Ca(2+)-dependent heterodimer GPIIb/IIIa, formed by platelet glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa), also known as the integrin alpha IIb beta 3, is the inducible receptor for fibrinogen and other adhesive proteins on the surface of activated platelets. A fraction of the isolated GPIIb/IIIa in solution binds RGD or KQAGDV inhibitory peptides and, upon peptide removal, apparently acquires the capacity to bind fibrinogen ('activated' GPIIb/IIIa) [Du, X., Plow, E. F., Frelinger, A. L., III, O'Toole, T. E., Loftus, J. C. & Ginsberg, M. H. (1991) Cell 65, 409-416]. Photoaffinity labelling was used here to study the ligand binding site(s) of GPIIb/IIIa in solution, for which the peptides CKRKRKRKRRGDV (alpha 1), CGRGDF (alpha 2), CYHHLGGAKQAGDV (gamma 1) and CGAKQAGDV (gamma 2) were synthesized with a photoactivable cross-linker group and a fluorescent reporter group attached to the N-terminal cysteine residue. Contrary to the situation in activated platelets, both GPIIb and GPIIIa were equally labelled by the four peptides and the cross-linking sites were localized by protein chemical analyses of the fluorescently labelled tryptic peptides of both subunits. Thus, the localization of the cross-linking sites in GPIIb varies considerably with the peptide length and is very different from that localization observed in activated platelets: alpha 2 and gamma 2 were found cross-linked to the N-terminal of both the heavy (GPIIbH 42-73) and the light (GPIIbL2 30-75) chains of GPIIb; while the longer peptides alpha 1 and gamma 1 were cross-linked to the C-terminal of GPIIbH within the 696-724 and 752-768 peptide stretches, respectively. On the other hand, the cross-linking sites of the four inhibitory peptides in GPIIIa were found mainly within the proteolysis susceptible region, between the N-terminal (GPIIIa 1-52) and the core (GPIIb 423-622) highly disulphide-bonded domains, observing that the longer the peptide the closer the cross-linking site is to the N-terminal of GPIIIa: alpha 1 at GPIIIa 63-87 and 303-350; gamma 1 at GPIIIa 9-37; alpha 2 at GPIIIa 151-191; and gamma 2 at GPIIIa 303-350. These results led us to the following conclusions. (a) The GPIIIa 100-400 region contributes to the ligand-binding domain in GPIIb/IIIa both in solution and in activated platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
On the evaluation of real life test expert systems (2003)

The authors consider the factors affecting the successful integration of expert systems (ESs) in testing and maintenance environments. The first factor considered has to do with the communication between the ES and the UUT (unit under test) expert and between the ES and the test technician. The authors discuss the importance of embedding in the expert system basic understanding of electronic terms and universal knowledge bases, i.e. knowledge which is not unique to a specific UUT. The second factor considered has to do with the communication between the ES and the ATE (automatic test equipment). It is claimed that artificial intelligence software will not penetrate the real-world test industry, unless it offers very smooth interfaces with test instrumentation and ATE. Several specific requirements are discussed. This work is based on extensive experience in introducing the AITEST expert system for electronic troubleshooting and service management to a wide variety of fields; including aerospace and military, automotive, computers and peripherals, communication and general instrumentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Chicken Gizzard Talin (1990)

Eleven monoclonal antibodies against chicken gizzard talin, a major focal adhesion protein, have been produced. In order to determine the degree of homology between talin molecules from different sources, these antibodies were used to immunolocalize talin in five different vertebrate species. Three representative talin antibodies are described in this report.
Matrix multipliers for calculating orthogonal transforms (1979)

The use of MOS transistors and weighted capacitors in a device to calculate the transform of a set of signal samples in 300ns will be discussed. Experimental results for a 16-point Hadamard and an 8-point complex Fourier transform will be given.
Blind equalization and channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output communications systems (2002)

Equalization and estimation of the matrix impulse response function of MIMO digital communications channels in the absence of any training sequences is considered. An iterative, Godard (1980) cost based approach is considered for spatio-temporal equalization and MIMO impulse response estimation. Stationary points of the cost function are investigated and it is shown that all stable local minima correspond to desirable minima when doubly infinite equalizers are used. The inputs are extracted and cancelled one-by-one. The matrix impulse response is then obtained by cross-correlating the extracted inputs with the observed outputs. Identifiability conditions are analyzed. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approach.