gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled real monolayer coating to improve release of MEMS structures (2004)

This abstract reports a new anti-stiction coating that improves the releasing of surface-micromachined products. The difference with respect to similar work in this field is the type of molecules used for the coating that impinges the formation of aggregates or chains. These aggregates can be responsible for the structure malfunctioning and can even bind the released structures to the substrate. The suppression of these aggregates or chains with our coating has been confirmed by roughness measurements on such coatings. Moreover, we have measured an advancing contact angle of 127/spl deg/, which is the best contact angle obtained on similar coating to our knowledge. And finally, this coating has been successfully used to improve the release related stiction on MEMS test structures and products.
Aptamer technology for tracking cells’ status & function (2014)

In fields such as cancer biology and regenerative medicine, obtaining information regarding cell bio-distribution, tropism, status, and other cellular functions are highly desired. Understanding cancer behaviors including metastasis is important for developing effective cancer treatments, while assessing the fate of therapeutic cells following implantation is critical to validate the efficacy and efficiency of the therapy. For visualization purposes with medical imaging modalities (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging), cells can be labeled with contrast agents (e.g. iron-oxide nanoparticles), which allows their identification from the surrounding environment. Despite the success of revealing cell biodistribution in vivo, most of the existing agents do not provide information about the status and functions of cells following transplantation. The emergence of aptamers, single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides of 15 to 60 bases in length, is a promising solution to address this need. When aptamers bind specifically to their cognate molecules, they undergo conformational changes which can be transduced into a change of imaging contrast (e.g. optical, magnetic resonance). Thus by monitoring this signal change, researchers can obtain information about the expression of the target molecules (e.g. mRNA, surface markers, cell metabolites), which offer clues regarding cell status/function in a non-invasive manner. In this review, we summarize recent efforts to utilize aptamers as biosensors for monitoring the status and function of transplanted cells. We focus on cancer cell tracking for cancer study, stem cell tracking for regenerative medicine, and immune cell (e.g. dendritic cells) tracking for immune therapy.
New Innovative Wireline Jar Adds Significant Value by Reducing Fishing Cost (2007)

Abstract This paper discusses a new, innovative tool, namely a hydraulic jar with a mechanical lock developed to run on wireline cable. The discussion addresses (1) the role and value of wireline jars in electric line operations, (2) technical features of the new wireline jar system with comments on its operation, and (3) a brief review of several of the many successful field applications. Getting stuck during a logging operation can add significant cost to a well. The new wireline jar has proven to be remarkably effective in freeing stuck wireline tools and preventing costly fishing operations. Freeing the tools also provides the opportunity to complete the required data acquisition as the instruments have historically not been damaged by jarring. In addition, the use of the wireline jarring method described in this paper allows operators to run relatively inexpensive free-fall wireline tools in areas that previously ― due to sticking problems ― have gone straight to drill-pipe-conveyed operations or logging while drilling (LWD) methods. A multi-conductor jar, called the LockJar®, has been in use for more than four years. The jarring system utilizes a proprietary-design LockJar and Enhancer, both of which remain passive until such time as they are needed. The LockJar can be pulled, without triggering, as hard as desired for durations shorter than the tool's time delay. Slacking off the string resets the LockJar so that it can be pulled again. Experience with this new technology has also led to discovery of valuable best practices for handling stuck tools, which has increased the number of freed tool strings. Among these best practices is the use of properly placed standoffs, particularly in inclined sections of wellbores. Experience with this new technology began in the GOM but the technology has quickly spread around the world to locations that experience problems with sticking during logging. In the GOM, several examples can be cited including a job where the LockJar was activated over 20 times in six different intervals; and still the well was successfully logged. This well was the very first in the field that was logged without a fishing job. Successes described in this paper include an example from the US Rockies and in Brazil and other international locations, such as West Africa, where the LockJar also freed tools on their very first run.
Life on the Web (2001)

Abstract With an increasing number of companies and research centers producing Virtual Characters aimed specifically for the Internet, the Web may soon become very much alive with all sorts of interesting and useful creatures guiding us, giving information or simply trying to sell us something. IGOR PANDZIC tries to predict the possible applications for Virtual Characters in the context of the Web, analyzes the technical requirements to enable these applications and provides a comparative review of currently available technologies with respect to the outlined requirements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deutetrabenazine in Tics Associated with Tourette Syndrome (2016)

<strong>Background:</strong> Deutetrabenazine, an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) depletes presynaptic dopamine and is useful in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. This study explored the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of deutetrabenazine in adolescents with moderate-to-severe tics associated with Tourette syndrome (TS). <strong>Methods:</strong> In this open-label study of 12–18-year-old patients with TS-related tics, deutetrabenazine was titrated up to 36 mg/day over 6 weeks to adequately suppress tics without bothersome adverse effects (AEs), followed by maintenance at optimal dose for 2 weeks. An independent blinded rater assessed tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), which was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the TS Clinical Global Impression (TS-CGI) and TS Patient Global Impression of Change (TS-PGIC). <strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-three enrolled patients received deutetrabenazine and had at least 1 post-baseline YGTSS assessment. The mean (SD [standard deviation]) baseline YGTSS Total Tic Severity Score (TTS) was 31.6 (7.9) and had decreased by 11.6 (8.2) points at week 8, a 37.6% reduction in tic severity (p,0.0001). The TS-CGI score improved by 1.2 (0.81) points (p,0.0001) and the TS-PGIC results at week 8 indicated that 76% of patients were much improved or very much improved compared with baseline. The mean (SD) daily deutetrabenazine dose at week 8 was 32.1 (6.6) mg (range 18–36 mg). One week after withdrawal of deutetrabenazine, the TTS scores increased by 5.6 (8.4) points, providing confirmation of the drug effect. No serious or severe adverse events were reported. <strong>Discussion:</strong> The results of this open-label 8-week study suggest that deutetrabenazine is safe and associated with improvement in tic severity in adolescents with TS and troublesome tics.
CRISPR/Cas9, a powerful tool to target human herpesviruses (2016)

Over 90% of the adult population is infected with one or multiple herpesviruses. These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish latency, where the host is unable to clear the invader from infected cells resulting in a lifelong infection. Herpesviruses cause a wide variety of (recurrent) diseases such as cold sores, shingles, congenital defects and several malignancies. Although the productive phase of a herpesvirus infection can often be efficiently limited by nucleoside analogs, these drugs are ineffective during a latent herpesvirus infection and are therefore unable to clear herpesviruses from the human host. Advances in genome engineering using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 facilitates virus research and may hold potential to treat or cure previously incurable herpesvirus infections by directly targeting these viruses within infected cells. Here, we review recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for herpesviral research and discuss the therapeutic potential of the system to treat, or even cure, productive and latent herpesviral infections.
Programming Python (1996)

Already the industry standard for Python users, Programming Python from O'Reilly just got even better. This third edition has been updated to reflect current best practices and the abundance of changes introduced by the latest version of the language, Python 2.5. Whether you're a novice or an advanced practitioner, you'll find this refreshed book more than lives up to its reputation. Programming Python, 3rd Edition, teaches you the right way to code. It explains Python language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. By reading this comprehensive guide, you'll learn how to apply Python in real-world problem domains such as:GUI programmingInternet scriptingParallel processingDatabase managementNetworked applicationsProgramming Python, Third Edition covers each of these target domains gradually, beginning with in-depth discussions of core concepts and then progressing toward complete programs. Large examples do appear, but only after you've learned enough to understand their techniques and code.Along the way, you'll also learn how to use the Python language in realistically scaled programs--concepts such as Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and code reuse are recurring side themes throughout this text. If you're interested in Python programming, then this O'Reilly classic needs to be within arm's reach. The wealth of practical advice, snippets of code, and patterns of program design can all be put into use on a daily basis--making your life easier and more productive.Reviews of the second edition:...about as comprehensive as any book can be. --Dr. Dobb's JournalIf the language had manuals, they would undoubtedly be the texts from O'Reilly...'Learning Python' and 'Programming Python' are definitive treatments. --SD Times
Phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in cultured hippocampal neurons after haloperidol and risperidone administration (2004)

The purpose of the present paper was to determine whether the brief exposure of neurons to antipsychotic drugs is associated with the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB). The activation of ERK-1/2 and CREB can be monitored by immunoblotting with antibodies that specifically recognize p-ERK-1/2 (phosphorylated on Thr-202 and Tyr-204) and p-CREB (phosphorylated on Ser-133). In hippocampal neuron cultures at 25 days in vitro (DIV), the levels of ERK and CREB phosphorylation significantly increased after treatment with haloperidol (50 nmol/L) and risperidone (50 nmol/L), except when risperidone was administered at the p-CREB level. However, risperidone also increased the p-CREB level at an insignificant rate in the same direction. At 10 DIV, none of the antipsychotic drugs significantly increased the level of ERK and CREB phosphorylation. The difference between levels of ERK and CREB phosphorylation in response to haloperidol and risperidone at 25 DIV was also observed. Risperidone significantly increased the level of ERK-1/2 phosphorylation, but not the level of CREB phosphorylation. Haloperidol, in contrast, had a different effect. These data indicate that neuronal maturation affects the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in response to antipsychotic drugs. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that different antipsychotic drugs could lead to different profiles of ERK and CREB phosphorylation in neurons.
Gene encoding the 5.7-kilodalton chlorosome protein of Chloroflexus aurantiacus: regulated message levels and a predicted carboxy-terminal protein extension (1990)

The major light-harvesting pigment of the green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus is bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) c, localized in chlorosomes attached to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. Chlorosomes consist of four polypeptides and associated pigments and lipids. Previous studies of the inducible assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus had indicated that the major chlorosomal polypeptides are present as high-molecular-weight aggregates before the appearance of mature chlorosomes, and a mechanism for posttranslational processing of a polyprotein had been proposed. We have isolated the gene (csmA) encoding the 5.7-kilodalton chlorosomal polypeptide from C. aurantiacus in order to determine whether this protein is synthesized as part of a polyprotein. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of csmA indicates that the gene is not large enough to encode more than one known chlorosome polypeptide. Transcriptional analysis indicates that csmA is transcribed as a small message whose abundance is regulated in response to oxygen, so that no csmA message is detectable in cells grown aerobically in the dark. Comparison of the sequence predicted by csmA with the peptide sequence of the Bchl c binding protein purified from chlorosomes indicates that this protein is synthesized with a carboxy-terminal extension of 27 amino acids. We discuss possible roles for this carboxy-terminal extension in the assembly of chlorosomes.
The Biosocial Approach to Human Development, Behavior, and Health Across the Life Course (2018)

Social and biological phenomena are widely recognized as determinants of human development, health, and socioeconomic attainments across the life course, but our understanding of the underlying pathways and processes remains limited. To address this gap, we define the "biosocial approach" as one that conceptualizes the biological and social as mutually constituting, and that draws on models and methods from the biomedical and social/behavioral sciences. By bringing biology into the social sciences, we can illuminate mechanisms through which socioeconomic, psychosocial, and other contextual factors shape human development and health. Human biology is a social biology, and biological measures can therefore identify aspects of social contexts that are harmful, as well as beneficial, with respect to well-being. By bringing social science concepts and study designs to biology and biomedicine, we encourage an epistemological shift that foregrounds social/contextual factors as important determinants of human biology and health. The biosocial approach also underscores the importance of the life course, as assessments of both biological and social features throughout human development over time, and across generations, are needed to achieve a full understanding of social and physical well-being. We conclude with a brief review of the papers in the volume, which showcase the value of a biosocial approach to understanding the pathways linking social stratification, biology, and health across the life course.
Postelectrophoresis Capillary Scanning Method for DNA Sequencing (1996)

A postelectrophoresis capillary scanning method for increasing the throughput of DNA sequencing has been developed. The method features a spatially and temporally separated arrangement between capillary gel electrophoresis separation of DNA sequencing fragments and the visualization of the separation pattern. Fluroescently labeled DNA sequencing fragments of pBluescript SK(-) were produced in enzymatic chain-termination reactions and separated by capillary gel electrophoresis using a 110 cm fused silica capillary with a transparent polymer coating. A partial sequence from the DNA was then determined by repeated scanning of the capillary at a rate of 8.39 cm/s, with changing excitation wavelengths and spectral filter sets.
Relationships between rainfall rate and 35-GHz attenuation and differential attenuation: modeling the effects of raindrop size distribution, canting, and oscillation (2002)

Power law relationships of the form R=aA/sup b/ are derived, where R is the rainfall rate, and A is the 35-GHz specific attenuation A/sub h/ or specific differential attenuation /spl Delta/A=A/sub h/-A/sub v/, where the subscripts h and v indicate horizontal and vertical polarizations. The effects of raindrop size distribution, canting, and oscillation on these relationships are evaluated quantitatively. The drop size distributions (DSDs) are obtained from ground-based disdrometer measurements from three different geographical locations around the world. The R-A/sub h/ relationship is negligibly affected by raindrop canting and oscillation. It is affected to some extent by DSD variations, with less than 15% fractional standard error (FSE) in the estimated rainfall rate R/sub Ah/. On the other hand, the R-/spl Delta/A relationship is most sensitive to raindrop oscillation, up to about 35% difference in R/sub /spl Delta/A/ compared to the no-oscillation case, and the effect of canting is about 9% for a standard deviation of 10/spl deg/ of the polar canting angle compared with no canting. The FSE due to variations in the DSD for R<5 mm h/sup -1/ is greater than 30% and increases with decreasing R. However, for R>20 mm h/sup -1/, the FSE in R/sub /spl Delta/A/ is comparable (and even lower for R>30 mm h/sup -1/) to that of R/sub Ah/. The exceptions to this are rainfall rates with DSDs dominated by smaller raindrops (diameters less than 2.4 mm). It is also emphasized that because oscillation and canting affect /spl Delta/A but not A/sub h/, they could be used in combination for determining the presence of drop oscillation and canting and for estimating an effective raindrop shape model (axial ratio versus size).
The Transmembrane Domain of Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein E1 Is a Signal for Static Retention in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins E1 and E2 assemble to form a noncovalent heterodimer which, in the cell, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Contrary to what is observed for proteins with a KDEL or a KKXX ER-targeting signal, the ER localization of the HCV glycoprotein complex is due to a static retention in this compartment rather than to its retrieval from the cis-Golgi region. A static retention in the ER is also observed when E2 is expressed in the absence of E1 or for a chimeric protein containing the ectodomain of CD4 in fusion with the transmembrane domain (TMD) of E2. Although they do not exclude the presence of an intracellular localization signal in E1, these data do suggest that the TMD of E2 is an ER retention signal for HCV glycoprotein complex. In this study chimeric proteins containing the ectodomain of CD4 or CD8 fused to the C-terminal hydrophobic sequence of E1 were shown to be localized in the ER, indicating that the TMD of E1 is also a signal for ER localization. In addition, these chimeric proteins were not processed by Golgi enzymes, indicating that the TMD of E1 is responsible for true retention in the ER, without recycling through the Golgi apparatus. Together, these data suggest that at least two signals (TMDs of E1 and E2) are involved in ER retention of the HCV glycoprotein complex.
Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Load Balancing and Service Restoration by Using G-Nets Inference Mechanism (2004)

In this paper, the customer information in customer information systems (CIS) and information of customer and distribution transformers in outage management information systems (OMIS) in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower), are used to determine the daily load patterns of service areas, sectionalizing switches, distribution feeders, and main transformers. During system normal operation conditions, the feeder reconfiguration for load balancing among distribution feeders is obtained by the G-Nets inference mechanism to enhance the operation performance of distribution systems. For distribution contingencies, such as feeder overloading and/or short-circuit fault, the G-Nets inference mechanism with operation rules is applied to derive the optimal switching operation decision for service restoration to perform the optimal load transfer among distribution feeders after the fault has been identified and isolated. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a practical Taiwan power distribution system with daily load patterns derived by load survey study is selected to perform the computer simulation. It is found that the G-Nets inference mechanism approach can enhance the solution process of fault restoration with proper load transfer and improve feeder load balancing for distribution systems by considering the load characteristics of the service customers.
Enolate ion reactions of leucoquinizarin. Micheal additions (1983)

G. Arsenault, A. D. Broadbent and P. Hutten-Czapski, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 437 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000437
Communication. Oxide and doubly charged ion response of a commercial inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument (1987)

A. L. Gray and J. G. Williams, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987, 2, 81 DOI: 10.1039/JA9870200081
DIAMOND SHAPED OPTICAL FIBER DELIVERY SYSTEM (2011)

The Diamond tip is superior to other fiber end tips by having minimal thermal effects, higher mechanical resistance and by being reused many times.
Tests of Stepping as Indicators of Mobility, Balance, and Fall Risk in Balance‐Impaired Older Adults (2004)

MSL is as good a predictor of mobility performance, frequent falls, self-reported function, and balance confidence as standard stance tests such as US. MSL simplified to one direction may be a useful clinical indicator of mobility, balance, and fall risk in older adults.
Factors associated with and prevalence of high Malassezia pachydermatis numbers on dog skin (1992)

The prevalence of cutaneous Malassezia spp was evaluated in a semiquantitative fashion at 3 sites on 98 dogs examined because of various dermatoses. Thirty (10.2%) of the sites and 19 (19.4%) of the dogs had Malassezia spp amounts higher than that found on grossly normal skin. The prevalence of higher than normal amounts did not correlate significantly with sample site, sex, or age. The factors associated with an increased prevalence of increased Malassezia spp counts were seborrheic dermatitis, recent antibiotic treatment, and breed.