gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Security Economics of Electricity Metering. (2010)

Smart grids are a hot topic, with the US administration devoting billions of dollars to modernising the electricity infrastructure. Significant action is likely in metering, where the largest and most radical change may come in the European Union. The EU is strongly encouraging its 27 Member States to replace utility meters with ‘smart meters ’ by 2022. This will be a massive project: the UK, for example, looks set to replace 47m meters at a cost of perhaps £350 each. Yet it is not at all clear what it means for a meter to be secure. The utility wants to cut energy theft, so it wants the ability to disable any meter remotely; but a prudent nation state might be wary of a facility that could let an attacker turn off the lights. Again, the utility may want to monitor its customers ’ consumption by the half hour, so it can price discriminate more effectively; the competition authorities may find this abhorrent. Other parts of government might find it convenient to have access to fine-grained consumption data, but might find themselves up against privacy law. There are at least half-a-dozen different stakeholders with different views on security – which can refer to information, to money, or to the supply of electricity. And it’s not even true that more security is always better: some customers may opt for an interruptible supply to save money. In short, energy metering is ripe for a security-economics analysis, and in this paper we attempt a first cut. We end up with five recommendations for the regulation of a future smart meter infrastructure. 1
Glatiramer acetate in treatment-naive and prior interferon-beta-1b-treated multiple sclerosis patients* (2006)

Prior IFN-beta-1b treatment does not negatively influence the efficacy, safety, or tolerability of subsequent GA therapy. Switching to GA can benefit patients who discontinue IFN-beta therapy.
A novel design of a memristor-based look-up table (LUT) for FPGA (2014)

This paper presents a novel scheme for a memristor-based look-up table (LUT); in this scheme the states of the unselected memristors are unaffected by WRITE/READ operations. Therefore, it addresses the prevalent problems associated with nano crossbars, such as the write half-select and sneak path currents. In the proposed scheme the memristors are connected in rows and columns, while the columns are isolated. The new scheme is simulated using LTSPICE IV and extensive results are presented with respect to the WRITE and READ operations. In addition, the performance improvement of the proposed method is compared with previous LUT schemes using memristors as well as SRAM. The results show that proposed scheme is significantly better in terms of delay and Energy Delay Product (EDP) for both the WRITE and READ operations.
Approximate Decision Making by Natural Language Commands for Robots (2006)

Inferring the correct meaning of natural language commands, as judged by the person who issues commands, is mandatory for natural language commanded robotic systems. There have been some successful research on this; but one of the important and related aspects has not been addressed, i.e. the possibility of learning from natural language commands. Since natural language commands are generated by human users, they contain valuable information. Nevertheless, the learning from such commands, as well as the interpretation of them face many challenges due to the inherent subjectiveness of natural languages. In this paper, we propose a decision making process for natural language commanded robots which is influenced by certain characteristics of human decision making process. The proposed concept is demonstrated with an experiment conducted using a robotic manipulator. First, the robot is controlled with natural language commands to perform some pick and place operations during which the robot builds a knowledge base. After learning, the robot is capable of performing approximately similar tasks by making approximate decisions with the gained knowledge. For the decision making a probabilistic neural network is used
Regulation of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis in the Brain (1993)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized in brain in at least two compartments, commonly called the transmitter and metabolic compartments, and because regulatory processes must serve the physiologic function of each compartment, the regulation of GABA synthesis presents a complex problem. Brain contains at least two molecular forms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the principal synthetic enzyme for GABA. Two forms, termed GAD65 and GAD67, are the products of two genes and differ in sequence, molecular weight, interaction with the cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P), and level of expression among brain regions. GAD65 appears to be localized in nerve terminals to a greater degree than GAD67, which appears to be more uniformly distributed throughout the cell. The interaction of GAD with pyridoxal-P is a major factor in the short-term regulation of GAD activity. At least 50% of GAD is present in brain as apoenzyme (GAD without bound cofactor; apoGAD), which serves as a reservoir of inactive GAD that can be drawn on when additional GABA synthesis is needed. A substantial majority of apoGAD in brain is accounted for by GAD65, but GAD67 also contributes to the pool of apoGAD. The apparent localization of GAD65 in nerve terminals and the large reserve of apoGAD65 suggest that GAD65 is specialized to respond to short-term changes in demand for transmitter GABA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Concentrations and Profiles of Polychlorinated Naphthalene Congeners in Eighteen Technical Polychlorinated Biphenyl Preparations (2000)

Concentrations and profiles of tri- through octa-chloro-substituted polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners were determined in eighteen technical polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures including Aroclors, Kanechlors, Clophens, Phenoclors, Sovol, and Chlorofen. PCNs were found in all the PCB mixtures at concentrations ranging from 5.2 to 730 μg/g. Concentrations of PCNs in Aroclor and Kanechlor mixtures were greater than those of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) present as impurities in these technical PCB preparations. Composition of PCN homologues varied among PCB mixtures. In general, highly chlorinated PCB mixtures contained greater percentages of more-chlorinated naphthalene congeners. Concentrations of PCNs varied by 3-fold among three different lots of Aroclor 1254. On the basis of measured concentrations of PCNs in PCB mixtures and global production estimates of PCBs, PCNs emitted from the use of PCBs was estimated to be 169 tons, which is less than 1% of the production of technical PCN mixtures such as Halowaxes. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) contributed by PCNs in technical PCB mixtures were less than those estimated for coplanar PCB congeners and PCDFs.
Zirconium-mediated ring construction from dienes: remarkable effect of ligands on stereochemistry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZirconium-mediated ring construction from dienes: remarkable effect of ligands on stereochemistryWilliam A. Nugent and Douglass F. TaberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6435–6437Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a073RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (364 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stage-dependent alterations of the serum cytokine pattern in colorectal carcinoma (2012)

CRC is associated with extensive alterations in serum cytokine environment, highlighting the importance of studying relative cytokine level alterations. Serum cytokine profile shows promise in separating CRC patients from healthy controls but its clinical value is yet to be confirmed.
A dynamic cache sub-block design to reduce false sharing (2002)

Parallel applications differ from significant bus traffic due to the transfer of shared data. Large block sizes exploit locality and decrease the effective memory access time. It also has a tendency to group data together even though only a part of it is needed by any one processor. This is known as the false sharing problem. This research presents a dynamic sub-block coherence protocol which minimizes false sharing by trying to dynamically locate the point of false reference. Sharing traffic is minimized by maintaining coherence on smaller blocks (sub-blocks) which are truly shared, whereas larger blocks are used as the basic units of transfer. Larger blocks exploit locality while coherence is maintained on sub-blocks which minimize bus traffic due to shared misses. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic sub-block protocol reduces the false sharing misses by 20 to 30 percent over the fixed sub-block scheme.
Flow Based Security for IoT Devices Using an SDN Gateway (2016)

With near exponential growth predicted in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) based devices within networked systems there is need of a means of providing their flexible and secure integration. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a concept that allows for the centralised control and configuration of network devices, and also provides opportunities for the dynamic control of network traffic. This paper proposes the use of an SDN gateway as a distributed means of monitoring the traffic originating from and directed to IoT based devices. This gateway can then both detect anomalous behaviour and perform an appropriate response (blocking, forwarding, or applying Quality of Service). Initial results demonstrate that, while the addition of the attack detection functionality has an impact on the number of flow installations possible per second, it can successfully detect and block TCP and ICMP flood based attacks.
Disruption of BMP Signaling in Osteoblasts Through Type IA Receptor (BMPRIA) Increases Bone Mass (2008)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known as ectopic bone inducers. The FDA approved BMPs (BMP2 and BMP7) for clinical use. However, direct effects of BMPs on endogenous bone metabolism are not yet well known. We conditionally disrupted BMP receptor type IA (BMPRIA) in osteoblasts during weanling and adult stages to show the impact of BMP signaling on endogenous bone modeling and remodeling. Cre recombination was detected in immature osteoblasts in the periosteum, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but not in chondrocytes and osteoclasts after tamoxifen administration. Bmpr1a conditional knockout mice (cKO) showed increased bone mass primarily in trabecular bone at P21 and 22 wk as determined by H&E staining. Vertebrae, tails, and ribs showed increased radiodensity at 22 wk, consistent with a significant increase in BMD. Both muCT and histomorphometry showed an increase in trabecular BV/TV and thickness of cKO adult bones, whereas osteoclast number, bone formation rate, and mineral apposition rate were decreased. Expression levels of bone formation markers (Runx2 and Bsp), resorption markers (Mmp9, Ctsk, and Tracp), and Rankl were decreased, and Opg was increased in adult bones, resulting in a reduction in the ratio of Rankl to osteoprotegerin (Opg). The reduction in osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL-OPG pathway was also observed in weanling stages and reproduced in newborn calvaria culture. These results suggest that Bmpr1a cKO increased endogenous bone mass primarily in trabecular bone with decreased osteoclastogenesis through the RANKL-OPG pathway. We conclude that BMPRIA signaling in osteoblasts affects both bone formation and resorption to reduce endogenous bone mass in vivo.
Integrated RF On-Chip Inductors With Patterned Co-Zr-Ta-B Films (2012)

Integrated on-chip inductors with boron-incorporated amorphous Co-Zr-Ta-B films for reducing the size of the inductor and increasing the quality factor are presented. A 3.5-fold increase in inductance and a 3.9-fold increase in quality factor over inductors without magnetic films are measured at frequencies as high as 1 GHz. The Co-Zr-Ta-B films are patterned into the shape of fingers in the magnetic via region to improve the on-chip inductors, high frequency response. Compared with nonpatterned films, finger-shaped magnetic vias result in at least a 30% increase in quality factor in the gigahertz range. It is also demonstrated that by using laminations, an up to 9.1X inductance increase with good frequency response up to 2 GHz can be achieved.
Transdermal oxybutynin (oxytrol) for urinary incontinence. (2004)

The transdermal patch of oxybutynin is no more effective than the short- or long-acting oral form. The patch costs more, but causes less dry mouth. Skin reactions will cause about 10 percent of patients to stop using it.
High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Science and Technology Program, 2001 Annual Report (2002)

Abstract : This fifth annual report of the National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Program is a brief review of work completed, work in progress, and technical accomplishments. This program is a coordinated effort with participation by the Air Force, the Navy, and NASA. The technical efforts are organized under seven action teams Materials Damage Tolerance Research, Forced Response Prediction, Component Analysis, Instrumentation, Passive Damping Technology, Component Surface Treatments, and Engine Demonstration and two Programs Test and Evaluation, and Transitions (ENSIP).
Emerging Subtypes and New Treatments for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2020)

Genomic characterization of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been remodeling the treatment landscape of this disease in the past decade. The emergence of molecularly defined subsets of mCRPC is altering the treatment paradigm from therapeutics with nonspecific activity across the spectrum, including androgen receptor (AR)-directed treatments, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, to targeted approaches directed at molecular subsets of disease. The meaningful benefit of PARP inhibitors in mCRPC carrying mutations in DNA repair genes demonstrated in a phase III trial epitomizes this transition in the treatment paradigm of mCRPC and brings new challenges related to how to sequence and integrate the targeted therapies on top of the treatments with broad activity in all mCRPC. To enable and sustain the advance of precision oncology in the management of mCRPC, genomic characterization is required, including somatic and germline testing, for all patients with the ultimate goal of longitudinal molecular profiling guiding treatment decisions and sequential treatments of this lethal disease. This article reviews the emerging molecular subtypes of mCRPC that are driving the evolution of mCRPC treatment.
A simple multipath delay time detection method for pi /4 shift QPSK in digital mobile/portable communications (2002)

A simple in-service measurement method of multipath delay spread applicable to a pi /4-shift QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying) is proposed. The basic idea lies in applying the in-service delay time detection method proposed previously for a BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) signal to a pi /2-shift BPSK signal which is converted from a pi /4-shift QPSK signal by passing a frequency-doubler circuit. Then, by measuring both in-phase and quadrature channel outputs, a bit stream corresponding to the doubled phase shifts is obtained from one channel output and multipath delay time information is obtained from the other channel output. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, computer simulation has been performed assuming few-ray multipath models, and a fairly good result was obtained. However, it was also shown that this method is sensitive to bandwidth restriction to some extent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Improved Apparatus for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAn Improved Apparatus for Biochemical Oxygen DemandJames C. Young, William. Garner, and John W. ClarkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 6, 784Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60225a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60225a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/ δ5→4Isomerase from Placenta: Expression in Nonsteroidogenic Cells of a Protein that Catalyzes the Dehydrogenation/Isomerization of C21 and C19 Steroids* (1990)

The isolation, cloning, and expression of a cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase is reported. The insert contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 372 amino acids, the initial 29 amino acids corresponding to the N-terminal sequence identified from the purified human placental microsomal enzyme. The cDNA was inserted into a modified pCMV vector and expressed in COS-1 monkey kidney tumor cells. The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone to progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione. Transfected COS cell homogenates, supplemented with NAD+, very efficiently oxidized 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and, upon addition of NADH, reduced 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol. Thus, the dehydrogenation/isomerization steps of steroid biosynthesis can be catalyzed by a single polypeptide chain, which can metabolize all of the major physiological substrates.
Relevance of Electrograms and Transient Entrainment for Antitachycardia Devices (1984)

Clearly, understanding what occurs during rapid pacing of tachyarrhythmias due to reentry with an excitable gap does not provide the panacea to the rapid pacing treatment of these arrhythmias. However, it does advance the field considerably, and provides insights which should be useful for the development of improved antitachycardia pacing techniques.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of a Novel Group of Steroidal Derived Inhibitors for Human CDC25A Protein Phosphatase (2001)

Silica gel supported pyrolysis of an azido-homo-oxa steroid led to rearrangement, presumably by a mechanism similar to that of solution phase Schmidt fragmentation, to produce a group of novel inhibitors for the oncogenic cell cycle regulator Cdc25A phosphatase. Cyano-containing acid 17, one of the best inhibitors in this group, inhibited the activity of Cdc25A protein phosphatase reversibly and noncompetitively with an IC(50) value of 2.2 microM. Structure-activity relationships revealed that a phosphate surrogate such as a carboxyl or a xanthate group is required for inhibitory activity, and a hydrophobic alkyl chain, such as the cholesteryl side chain, contributes greatly to the potency. Without the cyano group, acid 26 and xanthate 27 were found to be more selective over Cdc25A (IC(50) = 5.1 microM and 1.1 microM, respectively) than toward CD45 (IC(50) > 100 microM, in each case), a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. Several of these inhibitors showed antiproliferative activities in the NCI 60-human tumor cell line screen. These steroidal derived Cdc25 inhibitors provide unique leads for the development of dual-specificity protein phosphatase inhibitors.
THE EXTRACTION OF NICKEL FROM ITS ORES BY THE MOND PROCESS. (INCLUDING PLATE AT BACK OF VOLUME). (1899)

Keywords EXTRACTION, NICKEL, ORES, PROCESS, METALLURGY, ANALYSIS, WORKS, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON, BESSEMER, MATTE, COPPER, METALS SMETHWICK CANADA... Show All
Dynamics of Ventricular Repolarization in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Versus Healthy Subjects (2005)

The automatic assessment of repolarization parameters in 24-hour digital ECG recordings is feasible and differentiates dilated cardiomyopathy patients from healthy subjects. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy have increased QT duration, QT dispersion, and increased variability of QT dispersion reflecting variations in T-wave morphology, the factors which might predispose them to the development of arrhythmic events.
Enhancement of minority carrier transport in forwardbiased GaN <i>p-n</i> junction (2001)

Forward bias application to a GaN p-n junction (current density ~12 A/cm2) leads to a 1.6-fold increase in the minority electron diffusion length in the p-layer of an epitaxial p-n structure. The effect persists for several days, and is likely associated with electron injection-induced charging of Mg-related deep levels in p-type GaN.