gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient Self-Determination Act: An Evolutionary Overview (1992)

All societies have medical systems that include the cultural beliefs of their members about diagnoses, treatments, and patient and practitioner roles. This concept is illustrated most recently in the United States by The Patient Self-Determination Act, a federal law which became effective on December 1, 1991, in health care settings that serve Medicare and Medicaid. This statute is designed to protect the Western principle of the rights both of patients to maintain autonomy and accept or refuse medical treatment should they become incompetent to make their own health care decisions and of MDs in their pursuit to cure, comfort, and/or relieve the suffering of their patients. These rights may be assured through the use of Advance Directives, documents which are formulated for individuals to determine in advance of sickness who will make their health care decisions if they cannot do so for themselves. This article presents an evolutionary overview of the development and implementation of this statute, and includes guiding principles for discussing these directives with patients, directive limitations, and a summary of directive key points.
North-finding with 0.004 radian precision using a silicon MEMS quadruple mass gyroscope with Q-factor of 1 million (2012)

We demonstrate north-finding capability with a measured 4 milliradian (mrad) 1-σ uncertainty using an in-house developed vibratory silicon MEMS quadruple mass gyroscope (QMG). We instrumented a vacuum packaged QMG with isotropic Q-factor of 1.2 million and bias instability of 0.1°/hr for azimuth detection by measuring the Earth's rotation. Continuous rotation (“carouseling”) produced azimuth datapoints with uncertainty diminishing as the square root of the number of turns. Integration of 100 datapoints with normally distributed errors reduced uncertainty to 4 mrad, beyond the noise limit of the QMG. We also implemented self-calibration methods, including temperature compensation and discreet ±180° turning (“maytagging”) as potential alternatives to the carouseling.
In vitro characterization of a human neural progenitor cell coexpressing SSEA4 and CD133 (2006)

The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is commonly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluripotent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Immunohistochemistry on human embryonic central nervous system revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepithelium, and its expression decreases as development proceeds. Flow cytometry analysis of forebrain-derived cells demonstrated that the SSEA4-expressing cells are enriched in the neural stem/progenitor cell fraction (CD133(+)), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem cell (NSC) marker CD15. Using a sphere-forming assay, we showed that both subfractions CD133(+)/SSEA4(+) and CD133(+)/CD15(+) isolated from the embryonic forebrain are enriched in neurosphere-initiating cells. In addition CD133, SSEA4, and CD15 expression is sustained in the expanded neurosphere cells and also mark subfractions of neurosphere-initiating cells. Therefore, we propose that SSEA4 associated with CD133 can be used for both the positive selection and the enrichment of neural stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic forebrain.
Wiggler and undulator magnets (1981)

To scientists using vacuum ultraviolet and x rays the most important characteristics of an ideal radiation source would be a high intensity within a small solid angle and a high intensity within a small wavelength interval, both extending over a broad range of wavelengths. High spatial brightness (large flux within a small solid angle) permits the delivery of a large number of photons per second to a small sample. High spectral brightness (large flux within a narrow wavelength interval) is essential for high-resolution spectroscopy. A high-power tunable vuv and x-ray laser would be ideal, but unfortunately such a laser does not yet exist. Conventional vuv sources (such as gas-discharge lamps) and x-ray sources (such as electron-impact x-ray tubes) can produce a large flux of radiation, most of which is indeed within a narrow bandwidth at particular fluorescent lines. However, the flux is diffused over a large solid angle and the wavelength is fixed. The continuum radiation from these sources is less intense than the narrow fluorescence peaks by about four orders of magnitude. Other sources exist, such as laser plasma sources and sliding-spark devices, that provide more intense continuum radiation but have other limitations, such as low repetition rate, limited spectral range and attendant debris.
STUDIES ON AMYLASE FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS (1956)

Journal Article STUDIES ON AMYLASE FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS: II. EFFECT OF AMINO ACID ANALOGUES ON AMYLASE FORMATION BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS; AN APPARENT COMPETITION BETWEEN AMYLASE FORMATION AND NORMAL CELLULAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Get access MASAYASU NOMURA, MASAYASU NOMURA Division of Enzymology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JUNKO HOSODA, JUNKO HOSODA Division of Enzymology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BUNJI MARUO, BUNJI MARUO Division of Enzymology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SHIRO AKABORI SHIRO AKABORI Division of Enzymology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 43, Issue 6, November 1956, Pages 841–850, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126689 Published: 01 November 1956 Article history Received: 10 July 1956 Published: 01 November 1956
Troubled industries in the United States and Japan (1995)

Foreword D.W.Lyon & Y. Kosai - Preface H.W. Tan - PART I OVERVIEW - Introduction H.Tan, H.Shimada & M.Palmatier - PART II THEORETICAL MODELS OF TROUBLED INDUSTRIES - The Analytics of Industrial Restructuring J.McMillan - Public Policies Toward Troubled Industries: A Theoretical Framework K.Terasawa & W.Gates - Multiproduct Firms, Labour Fixity, and Firm Adjustment Responses K.Terasawa & W.Gates - PART III PUBLIC POLICIES TOWARD TROUBLED INDUSTRIES - Policies Toward Troubled Industries in the United States: An Overview H.Tan - An Overview of Adjustment Assistance Policies in Japan: S.Sekiguchi - An Industry Level Analysis of Import Relief Petitions Filed by U.S. Manufacturers, 1958-1985 H.Tan & F. Lichtenburg - Industrial Adjustment and Cartel Actions in Japan S.Sekiguchi - PART IV PRIVATE SECTOR RESPONSES - Labour Fixity and Labour Market Adjustment in Japan and the United States A.Seike & H.Tan - The Responsiveness of Factor Proportions to Changing Factor Prices: A Comparison of U.S. and Japanese Manufacturing Y.Yonezawa - Comparative Innovations in Japan and the United States A.Alexander - R & D and Innovation in Japan with Comparisons to the United States R.Wakasugi - PART V CASE STUDIES OF TROUBLED INDUSTRIES - Adaption to Change in the U.S. Machine Tool Industry A.Alexander - Structural Adjustment of the Japanese Cement Industry H.Mutoh - Plant-Level Adjustments in Selected Troubled Industries in the United States H.Tan & E.Lewis
Mutation of the ATP-Binding Pocket of <i>SSA1</i> Indicates That a Functional Interaction Between Ssa1p and Ydj1p Is Required for Post-translational Translocation Into the Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum (2000)

The translocation of proteins across the yeast ER membrane requires ATP hydrolysis and the action of DnaK (hsp70) and DnaJ homologues. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the cytosolic hsp70s that promote post-translational translocation are the products of the Ssa gene family. Ssa1p maintains secretory precursors in a translocation-competent state and interacts with Ydj1p, a DnaJ homologue. Although it has been proposed that Ydj1p stimulates the ATPase activity of Ssa1p to release preproteins and engineer translocation, support for this model is incomplete. To this end, mutations in the ATP-binding pocket of SSA1 were constructed and examined both in vivo and in vitro. Expression of the mutant Ssa1p's slows wild-type cell growth, is insufficient to support life in the absence of functional Ssa1p, and results in a dominant effect on post-translational translocation. The ATPase activity of the purified mutant proteins was not enhanced by Ydj1p and the mutant proteins could not bind an unfolded polypeptide substrate. Our data suggest that a productive interaction between Ssa1p and Ydj1p is required to promote protein translocation.
Laser Production of a Very Slow Monoenergetic Atomic Beam (1982)

With use of a resonant, counterpropagating laser beam the velocity of atoms in a neutral, thermal-sodium beam has been reduced to 40 m/s, or 4% of their initial velocity. These atoms have a kinetic energy comparable to the well depth of proposed optical traps. The "temperature" characterizing the atoms' relative motion was reduced to 70 mK.
Analysis of the oscillations in "beating mercury heart" systems (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the oscillations in "beating mercury heart" systemsJoel Keizer, Peter A. Rock, and Shu-Wai LinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 19, 5637–5649Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00513a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00513a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of <scp>CVD</scp> ‐Deposited <scp> <scp>SiO</scp> </scp> <sub>2</sub> as a Sintering Aid for Cubic Boron Nitride Consolidated with Alumina by Spark Plasma Sintering (2012)

A SiO 2 nanolayer, 1.0–2.8 mass% in content, was coated on cubic boron nitride (c BN ) powder by rotary chemical vapor deposition ( RCVD ). The morphology of the SiO 2 nanolayer changed from isolated islands to a continuous layer with increasing supply rate of the precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate. The effect of the SiO 2 coating on the sinterability and mechanical properties of c BN for machine‐tool applications was evaluated. The SiO 2 ‐coated c BN (c BN / SiO 2 ) powder was mixed with Al 2 O 3 and consolidated by spark plasma sintering ( SPS ) at 1473–1873 K. The phase transformation temperature of c BN to hexagonal BN (h BN ) in Al 2 O 3 –c BN / SiO 2 was 1773 K, 100 K higher than that in Al 2 O 3 –c BN composites. The highest density of the Al 2 O 3 –c BN / SiO 2 composites was 99.5% at 30 vol% c BN / SiO 2 content, at which the microhardness and fracture toughness were 28 GPa and 4.1 MPa·m 1/2 , respectively. This indicates that RCVD ‐deposited SiO 2 is a promising sintering aid for c BN and Al 2 O 3 –c BN / SiO 2 sintered bodies produced by SPS may be applicable as cutting tools.
Lightwave lattice filters for optically multiplexed communication systems (1994)

It has proven desirable to use multistage etalons and resonators in lightwave communication systems. The design of these linear structures, however, is made difficult by the manner in which their transfer functions are nonlinear with respect to their composite reflection coefficients. If we interpret the etalons as discrete-time lattice filters, then z-transform techniques may be used to recursively synthesize filters with desirable properties. An algorithm is developed which can be used to design the arbitrary all-pole transfer functions in transmission, and the restricted class of pole-zero transfer functions in reflection, which are possible to implement with this architecture. We present some design examples such as notch, or channel-blocking, filters and flat-top bandpass, or channel-passing, filters which are appropriate for frequency-division multiple access and wavelength-division multiplexed communications systems. The theory predicts, and we show experimentally, how these structures may be used to discriminate, or route, signals based on their modulated or coded characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The high-bandwidth 256kB 2nd-level cache on an itanium microprocessor (2005)

This paper describes the second level 256 kB unified cache incorporated into the next generation of the Itanium/spl trade/ processor family code named McKinley. The paper describes the datapath structures that provide a non-blocking, out-of-order interface to the processor core achieving a minimum 5-cycle latency with a standalone bandwidth of 72 GB/s.
Uterine synechiae: variations in severity and some conditions which may be conducive to severe adhesions. (1977)

Considerable variability in the severity of Asherman's syndrome was observed, and a high incidence of other gynecological disorders was discovered, mainly by endoscopy, in patients with intrauterine synechiae. Fifty-seven cases were reviewed in an attempt (1) to discover factors contributing to severity, (2) to examine possible relationships between other pelvic pathologies and the development of synechiae, and, subsequently, (3) to revise methods of treatment. Thirty-nine women underwent some form of pelvic visualization; twenty-seven (69%) were found to have other gynecological disorders. Forty-six patients had had a recent D & C. Signs of pituitary hypogonadotropism appeared in five of the 17 women with severe adhesions, suggesting that severity of adhesions developed after D & C may be increased in the presence of a concurrently existing hypoestrogenic state.
Octocrylene: really non‐allergenic? (2006)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Contribution of Immunological Memory to Protective Immunity Conferred by a <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Protective Antigen-Based Vaccine (2004)

Protective antigen (PA)-based vaccination is an effective countermeasure to anthrax infection. While neutralizing anti-PA antibody titers elicited by this vaccine serve as good correlates for protection against anthrax (S. Reuveny, M. D. White, Y. Y. Adar, Y. Kafri, Z. Altboum, Y. Gozes, D. Kobiler, A. Shafferman, and B. Velan, Infect. Immun. 69:2888-2893, 2001), no data are available on the contribution of the immunological memory for PA itself to protection. We therefore developed a guinea pig model in which a primary immunization with threshold levels of PA can induce a long-term T-cell immunological memory response without inducing detectable anti-PA antibodies. A revaccination of primed animals with the same threshold PA levels was effective for memory activation, yielding a robust and rapid secondary response. A challenge with a lethal dose (40 50% lethal doses; 2,000 spores) of spores after the booster vaccinations indicated that animals were not protected at days 2, 4, and 6 postboosting. Protection was achieved only from the 8th day postboosting, concomitant with the detection of protective levels of neutralizing antibody titers in the circulation. The practical implications from the studies reported herein are that, as expected, the protective capacity of memory depends on the PA dose used for the primary immunization and that the effectiveness of booster immunizations for the postexposure treatment of anthrax may be very limited when no detectable antibodies are present in primed animals prior to Bacillus anthracis spore exposure. Therefore, to allow for the establishment of memory-dependent protection prior to the expected onset of disease, booster immunizations should not be used without concomitant antimicrobial treatment in postexposure scenarios.
Localization of Sphingomyelin in Cholesterol Domains by Imaging Mass Spectrometry (2007)

The location of each lipid in a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine/18:0 sphingomyelin/cholesterol monolayer system is laterally resolved using imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) without the necessity of adding fluorescent labels. This system of coexisting immiscible liquid phases shows cholesterol domains with sizes and shapes comparable to those in the fluorescence microscopy literature. The results show that SM localizes with cholesterol and that palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine is excluded. Moreover, the segregation is not complete, and there is a small amount of both phospholipids distributed throughout.
Integrating an MR head into a peak detection channel (1994)

Integrating an MR head into a peak detection channel requires the engineer to deal with basic differences between MR and thin film heads. These differences result from nonlinear sensor response, separate write and read elements, and having an active element at the ABS. A simple model for flux superposition can adequately address nonlinear effects and be used for equalization design. Timing budgets can be developed which demonstrate the dominance of media noise for present day systems. Single threshold qualification can handle most current system requirements, Separate read/write elements mean that more attention needs to be paid to offtrack equalization design and head dimensional tolerancing. An active element at the ABS requires better control of the head-disc potential and leakage currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adopting user profiles and behavior patterns in a Web-TV recommendation system (2009)

With recent advances in consumer electronics, it is noted that personalization and interactivity have become two challenging issues to further improve user experiences in watching TV. As there are thousands of TV programs broadcasted everyday, people may spend much time in finding their desirable programs. In view of this, we focus on developing a proper recommendation scheme in the Web-TV environment so that users can be recommended with appropriate programs. Specifically, we propose to estimate user preferences and ratings with both explicit and implicit information provided by users. Moreover, a prototype system which utilizes the adaptive recommendation approach is developed to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme in this paper.
Convective assembly of nanoparticles into thin structured films (2010)

The 6-methoxyflavones hispidulin and eupafolin have been identified for the first time from the aerial parts of Eupatorium cannabinum L. The presence of the previously known flavonol glycosides astragalin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and rutin could be confirmed. Hispidulin, eupafolin and rutin were screened for cytotoxicity in vitro.
Experimental demonstration of an N-turn EML (1984)

An experimental test series was conducted to compare the L' of a two-turn stacked railgun with the L' of a conventional one-turn railgun. A square-bore railgun configured as a two-turn coil of stacked rails was test fired at three different initial energies, and the L' was compared to the L' from a one-turn railgun of the same bore dimensions firing the same mass projectile at the same three initial energies. All tests were replicated five times. A capacitor pulse power unit was allowed to ring on discharging, making the guns operate as ac devices. Switching took place automatically when the projectile was injected into the rails by pressurized nitrogen. The railguns were equipped with a transparent top plate permitting high-speed photography of the bore during acceleration of the projectile. A description of the tests and the resulting L's is presented.
Cochleosaccular Dysplasia Associated With a Connexin 26 Mutation in Keratitis–Ichthyosis–Deafness Syndrome (2006)

GJB2 mutations can cause deafness in KID syndrome, and possibly in other GJB2 mutant phenotypes, by disrupting cochlear differentiation.
Wetting Hysteresis at the Molecular Scale (1997)

The motion of a fluid-fluid-solid contact line on a rough surface is known to display hysteresis in the contact angle versus velocity relationship. To understand the phenomenon at the microscopic level, we have conducted molecular dynamics simulations of a Wilhelmy plate experiment in which a solid surface is dipped into a liquid bath, and the force-velocity characteristics are measured. We observe a systematic variation of force and contact angle with velocity, which is single valued for the case of an atomically smooth solid surface. If the surface is microscopically rough, however, we find a very irregular local interface shape, and an open hysteresis loop corresponding to a history-dependent force.
Overview of data and telecommunications security standardization efforts in ISO, IEC, ITU, and IETF (2004)

With the continuing growth of data communications — and especially the Internet and its integration with telecommunications — security matters have become increasingly important. In particular, the development of high-speed packet data communications over air interfaces and their folding into the overall converged networks present an ever increasing set of security issues for major network providers and for enterprise (information technology) environments as well. International and national standards bodies have thus focused on a broad range of subjects applicable to security. Over time, these major standards bodies have become interdependent. In this paper, we address the major efforts of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) through Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) and also the efforts of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). We undertake specifically to explain the interdependence of efforts undertaken by these organizations, whose work defines the direction in the international data and telecommunications security standards in a significant way.
The problem with platinum (2008)

Is the vision of a clean, carbon-free future possible? Among the many issues inherent in a move toward a hydrogen economy is the reliance on fuel cells. Because fuel cells use precious metal catalysts – primarily platinum, cost is a major barrier towards their commercial viability. In this insight we look for alternatives.