gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial optical path length in the scalp in subject-specific head models for multi-distance probe configuration of near infrared spectroscopy (2018)

In the brain function measurement by near infrared spectroscopy using a multi-distance probe configuration, the ratio of the partial optical path length in the scalp for the long spacing probe pair to that for the short spacing probe pair is important for the calculation to eliminate the scalp component in the signal. Light propagation in the subject specific head models of 45 volunteers was calculated to predict the dependence of the partial optical path length in the scalp and the weighting factor for the multi-distance probe configuration. The weighting factor ranges from 1.0 to 2.3 and increases with the scalp thickness when the scalp thickness is less than 15 mm.
α- and γ-Glutamyl Derivatives of Aminobenzoic Acids (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα- and γ-Glutamyl Derivatives of Aminobenzoic AcidsRodney F. Lloyd, Charles G. Skinner, William Shive, and R. John StedmanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 3, 398–400Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00327a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00327a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corrective Reproduction of Faded Color Motion Picture Prints (1981)

There is a new awareness of the importance of resurrecting and preserving older color motion picture films. Unfortunately, in many instances, a faded color release print may be the only available record with which to work. Two new methods are described by which the color contrast and color balance can be corrected in a color duplicate made from a faded color print. The methods utilize a contrast-correcting color mask printed with the faded print to make a new internegative. This internegative is, in turn, used to produce restored prints.
Wind energy converters with FACTS Capabilities for optimized integration of wind power into transmission and distribution systems (2009)

In a lot of power systems renewable energies and especially wind power are main drivers for the actual restructuring of transmission and distribution systems. Enhanced power exchange capabilities over long distances will be one of the necessary transmission system characteristics in order to achieve a higher penetration level of wind power. Distribution systems change from pure load distribution to distributed “virtual” renewable power plants. Therefore wind power must also participate in maintaining the quality of supply, power system security and stability. Robust fault-ride-through performances, voltage control and the management of active and reactive power flows are typical tasks to be resolved. Today, wind energy converters not only offer power plant capabilities similar to conventional generators but may exceed their performance in various aspects. FACTS-like performances can be provided to power systems by ENERCON wind energy converters (WECs) due to their full scale inverter system. Field tested and validated performances of the latest ENERCON wind energy converters, associated data and models address most advanced grid codes. For normal and stressed system conditions ENERCON WECs with FACTS Capabilities can provide STATCOMlike performances without the need for an external costly device. Flexible setting options allow the optimisation for the specific needs of transmission and distribution systems. Measurements in the field for the validation of wind energy converters and of models for dynamic studies have been carried out by ENERCON. These test results show a very good accuracy between simulations based on these models and field measurements carried out with a full scale wind energy converter. These FACTS Capabilities can lead to a win-win-situation for the wind farm operator and the system operator to minimize the integration costs for wind power. Furthermore these FACTS Capabilities strongly support the further increase of wind power connected to the power systems and help to resolve questions and tasks for the optimized restructuring of power systems.
THREE NEW MAMMALS (MICROTUS AND OCHOTONA) FROM UTAH (1941)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Successful Percutaneous Management of Renal Abscess (1982)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1982Successful Percutaneous Management of Renal Abscess D.J. Finn, A.M. Palestrant, and W.C. Dewolf D.J. FinnD.J. Finn , A.M. PalestrantA.M. Palestrant , and W.C. DewolfW.C. Dewolf View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)53844-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Six patients with intrarenal and perinephric abscesses underwent successful nonoperative management by percutaneous aspiration and systemic antibiotic therapy. The concept of percutaneous management is discussed with reference to its benefits, risks and technical variations. © 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySHU T, GREEN J and ORIHUELA E (2018) RENAL AND PERIRENAL ABSCESSES IN PATIENTS WITH OTHERWISE ANATOMICALLY NORMAL URINARY TRACTSJournal of Urology, VOL. 172, NO. 1, (148-150), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2004.Siegel J, Smith A and Moldwin R (2018) Minimally Invasive Treatment of Renal AbscessJournal of Urology, VOL. 155, NO. 1, (52-55), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1996.Fowler J and Perkins T (2018) Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Abscesses: 1972–1988Journal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 4, (847-851), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1994. Volume 127Issue 3March 1982Page: 425-426 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information D.J. Finn More articles by this author A.M. Palestrant More articles by this author W.C. Dewolf More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interaction of Ionic Liquids Ions with Natural Cyclodextrins (2011)

The interaction of natural α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) with 14 hydrophobic ionic moieties of ionic liquids (ILs) was systematically examined in dilute aqueous solutions using isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and NMR spectroscopy. The studied cationic and anionic moieties involved some recently developed heavily fluorinated structures, as well as some others of common use. To isolate the effect of a given ion, the measurements were performed on salts containing the hydrophobic IL ion in question and a complexation-inactive counterion. Additional ITC experiments on ILs whose both cation and anion can interact appreciably with the CD cavity demonstrated that to resolve the effect of individual ions from such data is generally a tricky task and confirmed the superiority of the isolation strategy adopted for the purpose throughout this work. The binding constant, enthalpy and entropy determined at 298.15 K for the 1:1 (ion:CD) inclusion complex formation range in broad limits, being 0 < K < 2 × 10(5), 0 < -Δ(r)H°/(kJ·mol(-1)) < 44, and -28 < TΔ(r)S°/(kJ·mol(-1)) < 14, respectively. The stabilities of complexes of perfluorohexyl bearing ions with β-CD belong to the highest ever observed with natural CDs in water. The established binding affinity scales were discussed in both thermodynamic and molecular terms. The concepts of hydrophobic interaction and guest-host size matching supported by simple molecular modeling proved useful to rationalize the observed widely different binding affinities and suggest possible binding modes. Enthalpy and entropy contributions to the stability of the ion-CD complexes were found to compensate each other considerably obeying more or less the linear compensation relationship marked by existing literature data on binding other guests to natural CDs. As outliers to this pattern, the most stable complexes of -C(6)F(13) bearing ions with β-CD were found to receive an enhanced inherent entropy stabilization due to extraordinarily high extent of desolvation occurring in the course of binding.
Dual-Function Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysis:  Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Conjugate Addition−Protonation for the Direct Creation of Nonadjacent Stereocenters (2006)

Catalytic tandem asymmetric reactions constitute a powerful strategy for the asymmetric construction of nonadjacent stereocenters in acyclic molecules directly from achiral precursors. In this Communication, we report a highly enantioselective and diastereoselective addition of trisubstituted carbon donors to 2-chloroacrylonitrile catalyzed by bifunctional cinchona alkaloid catalysts. This represents the first asymmetric tandem conjugate addition-protonation with efficient catalytic control of two nonadjacent stereocenters. As demonstrated in a concise and highly stereoselective formal total synthesis of (-)-manzacidin A, this asymmetric tandem reaction establishes a new and versatile catalytic approach for the enantioselective and diastereoselective creation of 1,3-tertiary-quaternary stereocenters.
Highly Potent and Selective Nonsteroidal Dual Inhibitors of CYP17/CYP11B2 for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer To Reduce Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases (2013)

Dual CYP17/CYP11B2 inhibitors are proposed as a novel strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer to reduce risks of cardiovascular diseases. Via a combination of ligand- and structure-based approaches, a series of dual inhibitors were designed leading to the 2-(3-pyridyl)naphthalenes 10 and 11 with strong inhibition of both enzymes (IC50 values around 20 nM) and excellent selectivities over CYP11B1, CYP19, and CYP3A4. These compounds are considered as promising candidates for further in vivo evaluation.
Wellsite Action on Drilling Mechanics Information Improves Economics (1995)

Abstract A major concern in the process of drilling is the high incidence and economic impact of lost time problems. In one study, it was shown that 75% of lost time incidents were associated with drilling mechanics problems. Obvious costs of poor drilling mechanics include lost rig time and damaged equipment. However hidden costs can add to this with low rate-of-penetration, more trips, lost-in-hole charges and increased service company charges. Numerous technical papers in the past have documented specific drilling mechanics techniques. This paper summarizes the latest proven drilling mechanics techniques which have been applied to drilling operations to reduce these costs. The three major areas discussed are the following: Stuck Pipe Prevention – Prevention of stuck pipe starts in the planning process where formation drillability is evaluated and borehole tortuosity is minimized. The operational phase of stuck pipe prevention involves continuous real time monitoring of drilling events, both for early detection of incipient sticking and to identify potential trouble spots while tripping. Drillstring Failure Prevention – Shock and vibration often lead to extreme damage to drillstring and bit, broken downhole tools, and reduced rate-of-penetration. Mathematical models and surface measurements for failure prediction and detection have severe limitations. Downhole measurements of shock and vibration, in combination with surface measurements, can be used to determine which changes to drilling operational parameters can lead to the greatest reduction in downhole shock and vibrations. Rate-of-Penetration Optimization – Using downhole drilling mechanics measurements, it is possible to increase weight transfer efficiency, reduce bit wear, optimize PDC bit performance, and improve PDM efficiency, all leading to improved penetration rates and more favorable economics. Each of these broad areas is illustrated with field examples.
Tunicamycin-induced dysgenesis of retinal rod outer segment membranes. I. A scanning electron microscopy study. (1986)

Incubation of Xenopus retinas with tunicamycin has been shown to block the glycosylation of opsin, the rod visual pigment apoglycoprotein, with concomitant accumulation of vesicular membrane material in the compartment between the rod inner and outer segments (i.e., the intersegmental space) (Fliesler et al, J Cell Biol 100:574-587, 1985). To further assess the morphology, topology, and cellular origin of this membranous material, Xenopus retinas were incubated in the presence or absence of tunicamycin and the photoreceptor cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The material which accumulated in the intersegmental space appeared to be a complex of membranous structures consisting of cisternae with numerous tubular projections, as well as closely associated individual vesicles of various sizes. This tubulo-vesicular material was exclusively associated with the basal surface of the rod outer segment. The connecting cilium, periciliary ridge complex, and the apical surface of the rod inner segment were devoid of such membrane material. Nascent (open) discs (i.e., evaginations of the plasma membrane at the base of the outer segment) often observed in control retinas were not present in tunicamycin-treated tissue. These results support the hypothesis that the membranous material which accumulates in the intersegmental space of rods in tunicamycin-treated retinas represents incompletely and aberrantly formed nascent disc membranes. The formation of this material is apparently a consequence of a deficiency in newly synthesized, asparagine-linked membrane glycoconjugates (e.g., the oligosaccharide chains of opsin) at the site of disc assembly.
Bis(imino)pyridine Ligand Deprotonation Promoted by a Transient Iron Amide (2005)

Addition of 2 equiv of LiNMe(2) to the bis(imino)pyridine ferrous dichloride, ((i)(Pr)PDI)FeCl(2) ((i)(Pr)PDI = (2,6-(i)()Pr(2)-C(6)H(3)N=CMe)(2)C(5)H(3)N), resulted in deprotonation of the chelate methyl groups, yielding the bis(enamide)pyridine iron dimethylamine adduct, ((i)(Pr)PDEA)Fe(NHMe(2)) ((i)(Pr)PDEA = (2,6-(i)Pr(2)-C(6)H(3)NC=CH(2))(2)C(5)H(3)N). Performing a similar procedure with KN(SiMe(3))(2) in THF solution afforded the corresponding bis(THF) adduct, ((i)(Pr)PDEA)Fe(THF)(2). ((i)(Pr)PDEA)Fe(NHMe(2)) has also been prepared by addition of the free amine to the iron dialkyl complex, ((i)(Pr)PDI)Fe(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2), implicating formation of a transient iron amide that is sufficiently basic to deprotonate the bis(imino)pyridine methyl groups. Deprotonation of the amine ligand in ((i)(Pr)PDEA)Fe(NHMe(2)) has been accomplished by addition of amide bases to afford the ferrous amide-ate complexes, [((i)(Pr)PDEA)Fe(mu-NMe(2))M] (M = Li, K).
Energy Efficient Robust Beamforming and Cooperative Jamming Design for IRS-Assisted MISO Networks (2020)

Energy-efficient design and secure communications are of crucial importance in wireless communication networks. However, the energy efficiency achieved by using physical layer security can be limited by the channel conditions. In order to tackle this problem, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multiple input single output (MISO) network with independent cooperative jamming is studied. The energy efficiency is maximized by jointly designing the transmit and jamming beamforming and IRS phase-shift matrix under both the perfect channel state information (CSI) and the imperfect CSI. In order to tackle the challenging non-convex fractional problems, an algorithm based on semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is proposed for solving energy efficiency maximization problem under the perfect CSI case while an alternate optimization algorithm based on $\mathcal{S}$-procedure is used for solving the problem under the imperfect CSI case. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design outperforms the benchmark schemes in term of energy efficiency. Moreover, the tradeoff between energy efficiency and the secrecy rate is found in the IRS-assisted MISO network. Furthermore, it is shown that IRS can help improve energy efficiency even with the uncertainty of the CSI.
Hydrodynamic response to strike‐ and dip‐slip faulting in a half‐space (2000)

Field observations have shown strong coupling between earthquake‐induced stress‐strain fields and subsurface hydrodynamics, reflected by water level change in wells and stream flow fluctuations. Various models have been used in an attempt to interpret the coseismic fluctuations in groundwater level, predict water table rise in the event of an earthquake, and explain stream flow variations. However, a general model integrating earthquake‐induced stress‐strain fields, coseismic pore pressure generation, and postseismic pore pressure diffusion is still lacking. This paper presents such a general framework with which one can approach the general problem of postseismic pore pressure diflusion in three dimensions. We first use an earthquake strain model to generate the stress‐strain field. We then discuss the linkage coupling stress and strain with pore pressure and present an analytical solution of time‐dependent pore pressure diffusion. Finally, we use two examples, a strike‐slip and a dip‐slip fault, to demonstrate the application of the analytical model and the effects of earthquakes on fluid flow. The application to the two fault systems shows that the diffusion time is shorter than conventional estimates, which are based on a diffusivity and a length scale. We find that the diffusion time is predominately a function of the diffusivity of the system, while the length scale influences the magnitude of the initial pore pressure. A diffusion time based on the diffusivity and a length may be misleading because significant localized flow occurs in complex three‐dimensional systems. Furthermore, the induced patterns of a pore pressure change resemble the strain field when shear stress effects are neglected but are significantly modified when shear stresses are included in the coupling relation. The theoretical basis of this work is developed assuming a single episode dislocation. However, the methodology and the results can be readily applied to studying pore pressure conditions after multifaulting events by simple superposition.
Autotaxin Signaling via Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration (2010)

Important roles for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and autotaxin (ATX) have been established for embryonic vasculogenesis and cancer progression. We examined whether these two angiogenic factors cooperate in regulation of endothelial cell migratory responses. VEGF stimulated expression of ATX and LPA1, a receptor for the ATX enzymatic product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Knockdown of ATX expression significantly decreased mRNA levels for the receptors LPA1, LPA2, S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, and VEGFR2 and abolished cell migration to lysophosphatidylcholine, LPA, recombinant ATX, and VEGF. Migration to sphingosylphosphorylcholine and sphinogosine-1-phosphate was also reduced in ATX knockdown cells, whereas migration to serum remained unchanged. Furthermore, ATX knockdown decreased Akt2 mRNA levels, whereas LPA treatment strongly stimulated Akt2 expression. We propose that VEGF stimulates LPA production by inducing ATX expression. VEGF also increases LPA1 signaling, which in turn increases Akt2 expression. Akt2 is strongly associated with cancer progression, cellular migration, and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These data show a role for ATX in maintaining expression of receptors required for VEGF and lysophospholipids to accelerate angiogenesis. Because VEGF and ATX are upregulated in many cancers, the regulatory mechanism proposed in these studies could apply to cancer-related angiogenesis and cancer progression. These data further suggest that ATX could be a prognostic factor or a target for therapeutic intervention in several cancers.
Dopamine-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons (2001)

The striatum, the input stage of the basal ganglia, is a critical brain structure for the learning of stimulus-response habits as well as motor, perceptual, and cognitive skills. Roles of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in this form of implicit memory have long been considered essential, but the underlying cellular mechanism is still unclear. By means of patch-clamp recordings from corticostriatal slices of the mouse, we studied whether the identified striatal cholinergic interneurons undergo long-term synaptic changes after tetanic stimulation of cortico- and thalamostriatal fibers. Electrical stimulation of the fibers revealed a depolarizing and hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential in the striatal cholinergic interneurons. The early depolarizing phase was considered to be a cortico/thalamostriatal glutamatergic EPSP, and the hyperpolarizing component was considered to be an intrastriatally evoked GABAergic IPSP. Tetanic stimulation of cortico/thalamostriatal fibers was found to induce simultaneously occurring long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EPSPs as well as the disynaptically mediated IPSPs. The induction of LTP of EPSP required a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and dopamine D(5), but not D(2) receptor activation. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors might also play a part in the LTP induction. Blockade of NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, or serotonin receptors had no significant effects. The long-term enhancement of the disynaptic IPSPs was caused by a long-term increase in the occurrence rate but not the amplitude of disynaptically mediated IPSP in the striatal cholinergic interneurons. This dual mechanism of synaptic plasticity may be responsible for the long-term modulation of the cortico/thalamostriatal synaptic transmission.