gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relations between Rotatory Power and Structure in the Sugar Group. XXXV.<sup>1</sup> Some 2'-Naphthyl 1-Thioglycopyranosides and their Acetates (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelations between Rotatory Power and Structure in the Sugar Group. XXXV.1 Some 2'-Naphthyl 1-Thioglycopyranosides and their AcetatesW. T. Haskins, Raymond M. Hann, and C. S. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1668–1672Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (606 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A continuous <sup>13</sup>C methacetin breath test for noninvasive assessment of intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection and normal ALT (2008)

Up to 30% of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and normal serum alanine aminotransferase (NALT) have significant liver disease. Currently, many of these patients undergo a liver biopsy to guide therapeutic decisions. The BreathID continuous online (13)C-methacetin breath test (MBT) reflects hepatic microsomal function and correlates with hepatic fibrosis. To assess its role in identifying intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NALT patients, we tested 100 patients with untreated chronic HCV infection, and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers using (13)C MBT following ingestion of 75 mg methacetin. All HCV patients had undergone a liver biopsy within 12 months of performing the MBT. Patients with a necroinflammatory grade <or=4 or >4, based on Ishak (modified HAI) score, HAIa + HAIb + HAIc + HAId, were defined as having low or high inflammation, respectively. Patients with a histological activity fibrosis stage <or=2 or >2, were defined as having nonsignificant or significant fibrosis, respectively. A proprietary algorithm to differentiate intrahepatic inflammation within chronic HCV patients with NALT achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. Setting a threshold on the point of best agreement (at 83%) results in 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity. With application of another proprietary algorithm to differentiate patients with nonsignificant or significant fibrosis, 67% of liver biopsies performed in the patient group could have been avoided. This algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.92, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 88%. There was no correlation between body mass index (BMI) and MBT scores for patients with the same histological score. The continuous BreathID(13)C MBT is an accurate tool for measuring the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection and NALT. As such, it may prove to be a powerful, noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy in the management of this patient population.
Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocomposites of ZnO and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Dye Degradation (2009)

Nanocomposites of ZnO and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared via electrostatic interaction and in situ hydrothermal synthesis approaches. The ZnO/MWNTs nanocomposites display relatively higher photocatalytic activity than ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of Rhodamine B. Therein, MWNTs, acting as a photogenerated electron acceptor, retard the recombination of photoinduced electron and hole. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/MWNTs nanocomposites strongly depends on the synthetic route, which is probably due to the difference of surface states resulted from the different preparation processes.
Purification and Characterization of an Endo-β-Mannanase from Aeromonas sp. F-25 (1983)

An endo-j-mannanase (1, 4-,B-D-mannan mannanohydrolase, EC 3. 2. 1. 78.) was isolated from the culture fluid of strain no. F-25 of fleromonas hydyophila subspecies anaerogenes, and purified about 440-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Amberlite CG-SO, Sephadex G-100, and hydroxylapatite. The final enzyme preparation was regarded as being homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
[In vivo antitumor activity of hydrosoluble derivatives of 7-hydroxycholesterols]. (1985)

Sodium bis-hemisuccinates of 7 beta- and 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterols are moderately water-soluble. They have been tested intraperitoneally against the murine Krebs-II carcinoma, grown as an ascitic tumour, and their action has been compared with that of usual chemotherapeutic drugs, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluoro-uracil, and methotrexate. The hydroxycholesterol derivatives show a faster and stronger activity (life prolongation), and lead to the complete disappearance of the tumour in about 1/3 of the cases, even with one single injection. Similar results have been obtained (on fewer cases) with two other experimental ascitic tumours, the S-180 sarcoma and the ZHC hepatoma. The mechanism of action is not known; it appears to be very different from that of the usual anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Commentary on Chapter 11 (2005)

“We are the same, we say the same things, we talk the same language. We act the same, and being Aboriginal, too, we have a very strong bond.”“If I didn’t have Daniel and Shannon, it would have been a lot harder, and I might not have been so happy and probably would not have played as good footy as I
Anti-infection Peptidomics of Amphibian Skin (2007)

Peptidomics and genomics analyses were used to study an anti-infection array of peptides of amphibian skin. 372 cDNA sequences of antimicrobial peptides were characterized from a single individual skin of the frog Odorrana grahami that encode 107 novel antimicrobial peptides. This contribution almost triples the number of currently reported amphibian antimicrobial peptides. The peptides could be organized into 30 divergent groups, including 24 novel groups. The diversity in peptide coding cDNA sequences is, to our knowledge, the most extreme yet described for any animal. The patterns of diversification suggest that point mutations as well as insertion, deletion, and "shuffling" of oligonucleotide sequences were responsible for the diversity. The diversity of antimicrobial peptides may have resulted from the diversity of microorganisms. These diverse peptides exhibited both diverse secondary structure and "host defense" properties. Such extreme antimicrobial peptide diversity in a single amphibian species is amazing. This has led us to reconsider the strong capability of innate immunity and molecular genetics of amphibian ecological diversification and doubt the general opinion that 20-30 different antimicrobial peptides can protect an animal because of the relatively wide specificity of the peptide antibiotics. The antimicrobial mechanisms of O. grahami peptides were investigated. They exerted their antimicrobial functions by various means, including forming lamellar mesosome-like structures, peeling off the cell walls, forming pores, and inducing DNA condensation. With respect to the development of antibiotics, these peptides provide potential new templates to explore further.
Heat and Mass Transfer: A Practical Approach (2006)

1 Introduction and Basic Concepts 2 Heat Conduction Equation 3 Steady Heat Conduction 4 Transient Heat Conduction 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction 6 Fundamentals of Convection 7 External Forced Convection 8 Internal Forced Convection 9 Natural Convection 10 Boiling and Condensation 11 Heat Exchangers 12 Fundamentals of Radiation 13 Radiation Heat Transfer 14 Mass Transfer Appendix 1 Property Tables and Charts (SI Units) Appendix 2 Property Tables and Charts (English Units) Appendix 3 Introduction to EES Online Chapters 15 Cooling of Electronic Equipment 16 Heating and Cooling of Buildings 17 Refrigeration and Freezing of Foods
An Improved SPECK Image Coding Algorithm (2009)

Among so much embedded image coding algorithms, the SPECK algorithm gains more and more applications for itpsilas special features. But considering some disadvantages, An improved SPECK algorithm is presented in this dissertation, Besides the high coding efficiency, the improved algorithm preserves the properties of the SPECK. The experimental results show that the coding efficiency can be further improved and the computational complexity can be lowered by the improved SPECK algorithm.
Adaptive wavelet transforms with spatially varying filters for scalable image coding (2002)

An adaptive wavelet transform algorithm for scalable image coding is proposed. A quadtree segmentation scheme based on an entropy criterion is proposed to segment the image into several regions to allow for adaptive filtering using different types of prototype wavelet filters. A joint bit allocation and coding method is presented to efficiently code the segmented image in an embedding fashion. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme generally provides higher peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNRs) at higher bit rates, and significantly better visual quality at lower bit rates, compared to fixed-filter wavelet transform based coding schemes.
Liver Hyperplasia and Paradoxical Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism and Glucose-sensitive Gene Expression in GLUT2-null Hepatocytes (2000)

We investigated the impact of GLUT2 gene inactivation on the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism during the fed to fast transition. In control and GLUT2-null mice, fasting was accompanied by a approximately 10-fold increase in plasma glucagon to insulin ratio, a similar activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase and inhibition of glycogen synthase and the same elevation in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNAs. In GLUT2-null mice, mobilization of glycogen stores was, however, strongly impaired. This was correlated with glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) levels, which remained at the fed values, indicating an important allosteric stimulation of glycogen synthase by G6P. These G6P levels were also accompanied by a paradoxical elevation of the mRNAs for L-pyruvate kinase. Re-expression of GLUT2 in liver corrected the abnormal regulation of glycogen and L-pyruvate kinase gene expression. Interestingly, GLUT2-null livers were hyperplasic, as revealed by a 40% increase in liver mass and 30% increase in liver DNA content. Together, these data indicate that in the absence of GLUT2, the G6P levels cannot decrease during a fasting period. This may be due to neosynthesized glucose entering the cytosol, being unable to diffuse into the extracellular space, and being phosphorylated back to G6P. Because hepatic glucose production is nevertheless quantitatively normal, glucose produced in the endoplasmic reticulum may also be exported out of the cell through an alternative, membrane traffic-based pathway, as previously reported (Guillam, M.-T., Burcelin, R., and Thorens, B. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 12317-12321). Therefore, in fasting, GLUT2 is not required for quantitative normal glucose output but is necessary to equilibrate cytosolic glucose with the extracellular space. In the absence of this equilibration, the control of hepatic glucose metabolism by G6P is dominant over that by plasma hormone concentrations.
A 10-day mill trial of near-neutral sulphite deinking, Part I: Deinked pulp optical and physical properties (2006)

La pâte desencree produite pendant cet essai de 10 jours au moyen du desencrage au sulfite neutre a presente des valeurs optiques similaires a celles de la pâte desencree classique (ERIC 140 ppm et blancheur ISO 58,6 %). Lorsqu'on la compare a de la pâte desencree classique, on note un accroissement important de l'opacite, de l'indice d'eclatement et de la longueur de rupture, une reduction de l'indice d'egouttage et de l'indice de dechirement, mais aucun changement dans l'allongement, l'energie de rupture, le bouffant, et la resistance de la fibre. La chimie du sulfite devrait permettre de conserver et d'ameliorer la qualite de la pâte desencree et de reduire le cout des produits chimiques. L'usine est passee a la chimie du sulfite le 15 juillet 2003.
Rigid body segmentation and shape description from dense optical flow under weak perspective (1997)

We present an algorithm for identifying and tracking independently moving rigid objects from optical flow. Some previous attempts at segmentation via optical flow have focused on finding discontinuities in the flow field. While discontinuities do indicate a change in scene depth, they do not in general signal a boundary between two separate objects. The proposed method uses the fact that each independently moving object has a unique epipolar constraint associated with its motion. Thus motion discontinuities based on self-occlusion can be distinguished from those due to separate objects. The use of epipolar geometry allows for the determination of individual motion parameters for each object as well as the recovery of relative depth for each point on the object. The algorithm assumes an affine camera where perspective effects are limited to changes in overall scale. No camera calibration parameters are required. A Kalman filter based approach is used for tracking motion parameters with time.
Automatic contention detection and amelioration for data-intensive operations (2010)

To take full advantage of the parallelism offered by a multi-core machine, one must write parallel code. Writing parallel code is difficult. Even when one writes correct code, there are numerous performance pitfalls. For example, an unrecognized data hotspot could mean that all threads effectively serialize their access to the hotspot, and throughput is dramatically reduced. Previous work has demonstrated that database operations suffer from such hotspots when naively implemented to run in parallel on a multi-core processor.
J Anhang (2015)

Nonprofit-Organisationen (NPO) spielen eine wichtige Rolle in Bereichen wie der sozialen Arbeit, dem Umweltschutz oder der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Um ihre Leistungen zu erbringen, sind sie auf die Unterstützung der Zivilgesellschaft angewiesen - etwa in Form von Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit oder generell Goodwill.
Advanced Biorefinery based on the Fractionation of Biomass in γ‐Valerolactone and Water (2014)

We suggest for the first time the use of γ-valerolactone (GVL)/H2 O as solvent and reaction medium for the fractionation of wood to recover pure cellulose, uniform sugar components from hemicellulose, and a pure lignin fraction. The yield of the pulp residue could reach 40.3 % with a high cellulose purity of 90.3 %.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydroprotoberberine Derivatives (THPBs) as Selective α<sub>1A</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (2016)

A novel series of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives (THPBs) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as selective α<sub>1A</sub>-adrenergic receptors (AR) antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. On the basis of the pharmacophore model of the marketed drug silodosin, THPBs were modified by introducing an indole segment into their core scaffolds. In calcium assays, 7 out of 32 compounds displayed excellent antagonistic activities against α<sub>1A</sub>-ARs, with IC<sub>50</sub> less than 250 nM. Among them, compound (S)-27 had the most potent biological activity; its IC<sub>50</sub> toward α<sub>1A</sub>-AR was 12.8 ± 2.2 nM, which is 781 and 20 times more selective than that toward α<sub>1B</sub>- and α<sub>1D</sub>-AR, respectively. In the functional assay using isolated rat tissues, compound (S)-27 inhibited norepinephrine-induced urethra smooth muscle contraction potently (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.5 ± 0.3 nM), without inhibiting the aortic contraction (IC<sub>50</sub> > 1000 nM), displaying a better tissue selectivity than the marketed drug silodosin. Additional results of preliminary safety studies (acute toxicity and hERG inhibition) and pharmacokinetics studies indicated the potential druggability for compound (S)-27 which is a promising lead for the development of selective α<sub>1A</sub>-AR antagonists for the treatment of BPH.
Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area (2017)

Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of stroke on tissue injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, several experimental models in a variety of species were developed. They include complete global cerebral ischemia, incomplete global ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and multifocal cerebral ischemia. The model described in this protocol is based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and is related to the focal ischemia category. This technique produces consistent focal ischemia in a strictly defined region of the hemisphere and is less invasive than other methods. The procedure described is performed on mice, given the availability of several genetic variants and the high number of tests standardized for mice to aid in the behavioral and neurodeficit evaluation.
Switched UAV-UGV Cooperation Scheme for Target Detection (2007)

We develop a switched cooperative control scheme, to coordinate groups of ground and aerial vehicles for the purpose of locating a moving target in a given area. We do so by stabilizing the ground group into a guarding formation using a navigation function, and then steering the aerial group along a trajectory that uniformly scans the enclosed regions. The novelty of the approach lays in combining decentralized flocking algorithms with navigation functions for obstacle avoidance, convergence to designated position, and direction control.
Fabrication and Surface Functionalization of Nanoporous Gold by Electrochemical Alloying/Dealloying of Au–Zn in an Ionic Liquid, and the Self‐Assembly of <scp>L</scp>‐Cysteine  Monolayers (2005)

Abstract This paper describes a totally electrochemical process for the fabrication and functionalization of high‐surface‐area, nanoporous gold films. The fabrication process involves the electrodeposition of a binary gold–zinc alloy at gold wires, followed by subsequent electrochemical dealloying of the less noble component zinc from the surface. Both the deposition and dealloying steps are conducted in a single low‐temperature bath of 40.0–60.0 mol‐% zinc chloride–1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid at 120 °C without using any other corrosive acids or bases. The porous structure and morphology of the nanostructured gold film could be controlled by electrochemical variation of the composition of the Au–Zn surface alloy. It is demonstrated that the nanoporous gold surface can be successfully functionalized with self‐assembled monolayers of L ‐cysteine. Such functionalization greatly improves the utility of the nanoporous gold, as is demonstrated in the sensitive and selective determination of Cu( II ).
Basic Microbiological Techniques Used in Antibacterial Drug Discovery (2005)

Abstract In vitro assessment of activity is crucial to the development of antibacterial agents. Several basic clinical microbiology procedures for this evaluation are provided in this unit, including determination of the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), kill curves, and synergy testing. These techniques yield information on in vitro efficacy, cidal‐versus‐static activity, and the potential for synergy with other agents.
A Method for Growing Rare-Earth Single Crystals (1963)

Single crystals of yttrium and the heavy rare-earth elements from Gd to Tm were prepared by the annealing of arc-melted buttons. This method resulted in crystals as large as 2.5×2.5×0.8 cm.
Retinoblastoma Deficiency Increases Chemosensitivity in Lung Cancer (2007)

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is mutated or functionally inactivated in the majority of human malignancies, and p16(INK4a)-cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase 4-RB pathway aberrations are present in nearly all cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the distinct role of RB loss in tumorigenic proliferation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics was determined in NSCLC cells. Attenuation of RB led to a proliferative advantage in vitro and aggressive tumorigenic growth in xenograft models. Clinically, such aggressive disease is treated with genotoxic and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. In vitro analysis showed that RB deficiency resulted in bypass of the checkpoint response to multiple chemotherapeutic challenges concomitant with an elevated apoptotic response. Correspondingly, RB deficiency in xenograft models led to increased chemosensitivity. However, this response was transient, and a durable response was dependent on prolonged chemotherapeutic administration. Together, these findings show that although RB deficiency enhances sensitivity to chemotherapeutic challenge, efficient and sustainable response is highly dependent on the specific therapeutic regimen, in addition to the molecular environment.
A Millennium of Fungi, Food, and Fermentation (1965)

Procedures for the pure culture preparation of some fermented but nonalcoholic foods are outlined. These include tempeh, ragi, sufu, shoyu, ang-kak, tea fungus, and miso. The fungi used in the manu...
Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Stimulate Lymphocyte T-Cell Subsets in Mice. (1998)

Subset analysis of splenic lymphocytes using flow cytometry showed that the percentages of Thy1.2-(pan T-cells), L3T4-(CD4, helper T-cells), and Lyt2-(CD8, cytotoxic T-cells) positive cell populations were significantly increased in mice orally administered a hot water-soluble fraction from Agaricus blazei as compared with mice treated only with saline. 13C-NMR data indicates that the main component in the active polysaccharide is the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan, which had already been shown to have anti-tumor activity against Sarcoma 180. It seems that the polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei may be an effective prophylactic, protecting humans against cancer by stimulating lymphocytes such as cytotoxic T-cells.