gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of recent compression/decompression technologies in video distribution systems (2003)

The authors present the fundamental principles, techniques, and algorithms for compression/decompression currently available in the marketplace (JPEG/CCITT/MPEG) and a potentially superior method for cockpit video distribution applications under investigation. It is noted that JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph), or MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) alone will not solve the myriad of issues that must be addressed before digital imagery will be fully integrated within next generation cockpit high definition video distribution systems. After careful consideration of each standard's capabilities and original objectives, it is found that each group provides extremely relevant techniques and foundation to their accomplishments, but that none is necessarily ideal for avionic applications. JPEG imposes compression ratio limitations to maintain quality levels. CCITT limits image resolution, allows a 150-ms latency, and is geared toward limited motion applications. In MPEG's attempt to overcome the CCITT deficiencies, additional hardware complexity is required. The MPEG standard supports extended motion search and is optimized for motion-intensive video applications at the expense of the high compression ratios achievable by the CCITT approach. The most complex implementation issue that exists is being able to achieve the high pixel rates required at moderate complexity, weight, size, and power. While most silicon vendors have been struggling with the lower resolution H.261 and MPEG real-time implementation, the wavelet transform may allow a very acceptable low complexity solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation induced colour centers and damage in YAlO 3 :Ce and YAlO 3 :Ce,Zr scintillators (2002)

Radiation induced absorption spectra (irradiation up to 500 v Gy by 60 Co) and TSL of a set of YAP:Ce crystals co-doped by Zr 4+ were investigated. Positive effect of Zr 4+ co-doping was found, namely reduction of both the defect creation and presence of TSL active traps. Up to three absorption bands were observed in the radiation induced absorption spectra. They probably have different origin - from colour centers in the green part of the spectra to change of the Ce 3+ valency in the near UV.
Inositol phosphates: synthesis and degradation. (1988)

phospholipase C; these topics are not considered here. This review describes the pathways and enzymes for the metabolism of inositol phosphates. myo-Inositol has six hydroxyl groups that can be substi- tuted with phosphate groups (Fig. 1). There are 63 different possible myo-inositol phosphates plus the three known ino- sitol cyclic phosphates, yielding a total of 66 possible com- pounds. Thus far, nearly 20 different inositol phosphates have been detected in one or more cell types. Many early reports describe separation of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates by step gradient elution from anion exchange resins tacitly assuming that nonspecific phosphatases acted on these com- pounds. Recent studies demonstrate that the inositol phos- phates, in fact, are metabolized by highly specific kinases and phosphatases. The complexity of the pathways for formation and degradation of these compounds leads us to speculate *
Testing a web information portal for people with learning disabilities (2010)

This paper contributes to an incremental base of research exploring usability issues related to information and communication experiences and needs of individuals with learning difficulties. A web portal designed specifically with the intended users in mind (i.e. individuals with learning difficulties) has been developed and piloted through a Rix Centre (UEL (University of East London) ) initiative in collaboration with a number of schools and adult service organisations. Seven individuals aged 14–16 years and identified with mild learning difficulties participated in the study. Assessment of findings includes evidence of participant self‐directed interest and initiated use of web technologies, recognition and competent utilisation of basic navigation tools, and simple task completion within the web portal itself. Areas of noted interest warranting further exploration include participant behaviour in regard to limited length, depth, and frequency of individual web site browsing; participant difficulty with advanced navigation skills and eye–hand coordination connected to directed cursor movement and mouse manipulation; and web content readability levels. Additionally, further consideration exploring a user's degree of real information acquisition is necessary better to ensure meaningful and relevant web experiences for individuals with learning difficulties.
Módulo de ganancia cero para amplificador operacional no inversor (2004)

Flexibility of the myosin molecule was studied by an in vitro motility assay in terms of the direction of actin movement. Actin filaments can move in both directions on tracks of heavy meromyosin made on a nitrocellulose surface, and, furthermore, along the native thick filaments passing over their central bare zone. These observations indicate that the myosin molecule has a considerable flexibility in interacting with actin filaments.
A selection model for motion processing in area MT of primates (1995)

A computational model for motion processing in area MT is presented that is based on the observed response properties of cortical neurons and is consistent with the visual perception of partially occluded and transparent moving stimuli. In contrast to models of motion processing that assume spatial continuity and fail to compute the correct velocity for these visual stimuli, our model produces a distributed segmentation of the image into disjoint patches that represent distinct objects moving with common velocities. A key element in the model is the selection of regions of the visual field where the velocity estimates are most reliable. The processing units in the motion model that perform the selection have nonclassical receptive fields similar to those observed in area MT (Allman et al., 1985). The psychophysical responses of the model to coherently moving random dots and transparent plaid gratings are similar to those observed in primates.
Detection of acrylamide content in traditional Chinese food by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (2012)

Acrylamide is known to be a neurotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic compound in animal, which is classified as a probable human carcinogen. In this study, a total of 223 samples of traditional Chinese foods were analyzed for acrylamide content, including cereal breakfast, cookie, bread, noodle, crispy rice, snow-cake, fried dough twist, fried bread stick, roasted cake, dried fruit flake, potato chips, sweet potato, dried fish or shrimp, soybean powder, chestnut, peanut, almond, crisp candy, dried vegetable, green tea, wafer, and cigarette. Results of the study showed that the average and median contents of acrylamide in all the selected foods were 113 and 76 μg kg−1, respectively. The results indicated that processing methods had significant influence on acrylamide formation. The highest acrylamide content was found by puffering processing. The data obtained here could be helpful for the estimation of exposure and risk assessment of acrylamide in Chinese population.
An object-oriented approach to multi-level association rule mining (1996)

Previous studies in data mining have yielded efficient algorithms for discovering association rules. To increase the expressiveness and relevance of the discovered rules, researche~s typically augment the thresholds with domain-specific knowledge. Most existing proposals use the relational approach to organize and maintain these multi-level concept hierarchies.
Progesterone and estradiol production by normal and preeclamptic placentas (1988)

Placentas obtained from women with preeclampsia produce more thromboxane, a potent vasoconstrictor, and less prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator, than normal. Although the factors responsible for this are not known, steroids are known to affect eicosanoid production, and the placenta is a rich source of progesterone and estradiol. If placental steroids contribute to the imbalance of increased thromboxane/decreased prostacyclin in preeclamptic placentas, then their placental production might also be abnormal. The following study was performed to see whether the placentas of preeclamptic women produce progesterone or estradiol abnormally. Fresh human term placentas were obtained immediately after delivery from normal and mild preeclamptic pregnancies. Whole placental tissues (350 mg) were incubated for three hours. Samples were collected and analyzed for progesterone and estradiol-17 beta by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone production was significantly higher in preeclamptic than in normal placentas without the addition of a precursor and with the addition of pregnenolone sulfate as a precursor, but not with the addition of pregnenolone alone. Both normal and preeclamptic placentas converted pregnenolone sulfate into progesterone as efficiently as they converted pregnenolone into progesterone. Estradiol production rates were similar in both preeclamptic and normal placentas, regardless of whether dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was added as a precursor. These data indicate that placentas of women with mild preeclampsia produce more progesterone than normal, probably because they contain more pregnenolone sulfatase and larger stores of endogenous cholesterol. Higher concentrations of progesterone in the preeclamptic placenta could contribute to lower prostacyclin production because progesterone inhibits placental prostacyclin production.
Study on the stabilization of control systems for induction motor driven rolling stock. (1990)

In order to get compact and light-weight driving systems for rolling stock, the DC side's filter of the controlling inverter has a very high quality factor Q. This fact often causes an instability in the system.
Local elasticity and lubrication measurements using atomic force and friction force microscopy at ultrasonic frequencies (1997)

We have modified an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) that allows the detection of cantilever bending as well as torsional vibrations at ultrasonic frequencies. Oscillating either probe tip or sample vertically modulates the normal force about the setpoint force, acting between tip and sample. When the tip contacts the sample, the surface resists the oscillation and deformation of the sample is dependent on the local stiffness or elasticity. For a constant normal force, a soft area deforms more than a hard area and thus the cantilever deflection is less over a soft area. The variations in cantilever vertical oscillation is a measure of relative elasticity of the sample. Elasticity maps with a lateral resolution of better than 100 nm have been taken on alumina-based ceramic composite, and on two metal particle (MP) recording tapes. By vibrating the sample laterally, the shear forces are modulated. Detecting and analyzing the cantilever torsional behavior, we are able to characterize friction and viscosity of thin films used for lubrication of magnetic disks.
Evidence for Chemical and Cellular Reactivities of the Formaldehyde Releaser Bronopol, Independent of Formaldehyde Release (2011)

Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers are widely used preservatives and represent an important group of skin sensitizers. Formaldehyde is very often suspected to be the sensitizing agent of formaldehyde-releasers; however, many reported clinical cases of contact allergy to these molecules such as bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) indicate negative skin reactions to formaldehyde suggesting a more complex mechanism. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical reactivity and biological activity of formaldehyde with those of two formaldehyde releasers: 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. A key step in the sensitization to chemicals is the formation of the hapten-protein antigenic complex via covalent binding between the chemical sensitizer and amino acids in proteins. The chemical reactivity of the three compounds was thus addressed using (13)C NMR analysis of adduct formation upon incubation with a set of nucleophilic amino acids. The biological activity was measured in two in vitro models based on dendritic cells and a monocytic cell line (CD34-DC and THP-1 model) through monitoring of a panel of biomarkers. The results obtained show that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol produces low amount of free formaldehyde in physiological buffers but that its degradation generates various molecules including 2-bromoethanol. In addition, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol also generates adducts with amino acids, not observed with formaldehyde alone, that could be explained by the reactivity of 2-bromoethanol. In parallel, in a cellular approach using the human monocytic THP-1 cell line, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol activates THP-1 cells at concentrations that are not correlated to simple formaldehyde release. This observation is confirmed in the more physiological model CD34-DC. Moreover, in the THP-1 model, the expression profiles of several biomarkers are specific to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. Finally, the use in the cellular model of the pure degradation products identified by NMR reveals the reactivity of bromonitromethane. In contrast, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin presents chemical and biological reactivities similar to those of formaldehyde. Taken together, these data suggest that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an atypical formaldehyde releaser, releasing low amounts of formaldehyde at physiological conditions but producing multiple degradation products among which 2-bromoethanol and bromonitromethane are potential candidates for explaining the specific allergic reactions to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
<title>Why can't I manage my digital images like MP3s? The evolution and intent of multimedia metadata</title> (2005)

This paper considers the deceptively simple question: Why can't digital images be managed in the simple and effective manner in which digital music files are managed? We make the case that the answer is different treatments of metadata in different domains with different goals. A central difference between the two formats stems from the fact that digital music metadata lookup services are collaborative and automate the movement from a digital file to the appropriate metadata, while image metadata services do not. To understand why this difference exists we examine the divergent evolution of metadata standards for digital music and digital images and observed that the processes differ in interesting ways according to their intent. Specifically music metadata was developed primarily for personal file management and community resource sharing, while the focus of image metadata has largely been on information retrieval. We argue that lessons from MP3 metadata can assist individuals facing their growing personal image management challenges. Our focus therefore is not on metadata for cultural heritage institutions or the publishing industry, it is limited to the personal libraries growing on our hard-drives. This bottom-up approach to file management combined with p2p distribution radically altered the music landscape. Might such an approach have a similar impact on image publishing? This paper outlines plans for improving the personal management of digital images-doing image metadata and file management the MP3 way-and considers the likelihood of success.
Radioimmunoassay of Plasma Progesterone (1971)

A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma progesterone is described. The 21-hemisuccinate of 11-desoxycortisol was coupled to human serum albumin using carbodiimide, and the conjugate was used to immunize 2 ewes. The antiserum obtained after 8 months of immunization from one of the ewes was used in the assay procedure. Incubation at 4 C overnight of this diluted antiserum was carried out in the presence of 1,2-3H-17-hydroxyprogesterone. Separation of free from bound hormone was achieved by a dextran-coated charcoal suspension. One ml of plasma or serum, with tritiated progesterone added for recovery, was extracted with ether, then chromatographed on a microcolumn of Celite. Recovery of 3H-progesterone after extraction and chromatography was 84.2±4.8% (sd). The sensitivity varied between 10 and 25 pg of progesterone. Recovery experiments of progesterone added to water and plasma confirmed accuracy. Concentration of progesterone in plasma from men averaged 233±64 (sd) pg/ml and from postmenopausal women 180±63 (sd) pg/ml. During the follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle, the levels of plasma progesterone were, respectively: 545±103 pg/ml (mean±sd) and 8561±4661 pg/ml. During pregnancy, the plasma level of progesterone varied with the stages of pregnancy, being 48.4±18 ng/ml (mean ±sd) at 16–18 weeks of gestation, 98.0±28 at 28–30 weeks and 178.5±48 at term.
Ceramic Photonic Glass for Broadband Omnidirectional Reflection (2014)

We report on the fabrication and properties of ceramic photonic glass, a disordered arrangement of monodisperse ceramic spheres with diameters in the range of the wavelengths of incident light. These novel materials are produced as solid thin films which can be used for a wide range of applications, such as broadband visible reflectors, thermal radiation barrier coatings, high temperature stable structural coloration, resonant random lasers and media for photonic Anderson localization. Large nearly monodisperse spheres of different sizes were obtained by methods of sol–gel chemistry. Photonic glass films with layer thickness varied in the range 7–100 μm were deposited by drop casting from suspensions in ethylene glycol. Larger particles demonstrate a larger spectral window of broadband reflection. For thermal barrier coating applications strong reflection in the wavelength range of 1–6 μm is obtained with particles close to 3 μm diameter.
Design and synthesis of protoporphyrin IX/vitamin<font>B<sub>12</sub></font>molecular hybrids<i>via</i><font>CuAAC</font>reaction (2012)

The design and synthesis of new molecular hybrids composed of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and vitamin B 12 via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction is described. New, clickable aminoazide and aminoalkyne linkers were prepared and subsequently attached to PPIX (via vinyl group) and to vitamin B 12 giving desired building blocks. Preliminary results showed that respective water soluble hybrids were formed under CuAAC reaction. Gratifyingly, Cu incorporation into the PPIX core was avoided, which was important for further biological studies.
New Stilbenoid Glucosides Isolated from<i>Vitis vinifera</i>Cell Suspension Cultures (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) (2005)

Three new monomeric stilbenoid glucosides, (Z)- and (E)-resveratrol 3,5- O-beta-diglucosides (1 and 2, respectively) and (Z)-resveratrol 3,5,4'- O-beta-triglucoside (3), were isolated from an extract of Vitis vinifera cell cultures (Cabernet Sauvignon) together with the known (E)- and (Z)-piceids and (E)- and (Z)-resveratrol 3,4'- O-beta-diglucosides that have already been identified in a Gamay cell culture extract. The structure determinations were based on spectroscopic data analysis.
Amino acid sequence and disulfide bridges of an antifungal protein isolated from <i>Aspergillus giganteus</i> (1990)

A very basic secreted protein which displays antifungal activity was isolated from the medium of the mold Aspergillus giganteus. The protein consists of 51 amino acid residues whose sequence was determined as Ala-Thr-Tyr-Asn-Gly-Lys-Cys-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Asp-Asn- Ile-Cys-Lys-Tyr-Lys-Ala-Gln-Ser-Gly-Lys-Thr-Ala-Ile-Cys-Lys-Cys-Tyr-Val- Lys- Lys-Cys-Pro-Arg-Asp-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Glu-Phe-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Lys-Gly-Lys-Cys- Tyr-Cys . Disulfide bonds were formed between Cys7-Cys33, Cys14-Cys40, Cys26-Cys28 and Cys49-Cys51. These results suggest that the antifungal protein forms a loop structure and is similar to phospholipase A2.
An efficient multi-doping strategy to enhance Li-ion conductivity in the garnet-type solid electrolyte Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (2019)

A systematic multi-doping strategy to enhance Li-ion conductivity of the garnet-type Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> by doping Ga(<sc>iii</sc>) Ba(<sc>ii</sc>) and Ta(<sc>v</sc>) ions into the garnet framework.
A Critical Evaluation of Random Copolymer Mimesis of Homogeneous Antimicrobial Peptides (2013)

Polymeric synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) have recently demonstrated similar antimicrobial activity as natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from innate immunity. This is surprising, since polymeric SMAMPs are heterogeneous in terms of chemical structure (random sequence) and conformation (random coil), in contrast to defined amino acid sequence and intrinsic secondary structure. To understand this better, we compare AMPs with a 'minimal' mimic, a well characterized family of polydisperse cationic methacrylate-based random copolymer SMAMPs. Specifically, we focus on a comparison between the quantifiable membrane curvature generating capacity, charge density, and hydrophobicity of the polymeric SMAMPs and AMPs. Synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) results indicate that typical AMPs and these methacrylate SMAMPs generate similar amounts of membrane negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), which is topologically necessary for a variety of membrane-destabilizing processes. Moreover, the curvature generating ability of SMAMPs is more tolerant of changes in the lipid composition than that of natural AMPs with similar chemical groups, consistent with the lower specificity of SMAMPs. We find that, although the amount of NGC generated by these SMAMPs and AMPs are similar, the SMAMPs require significantly higher levels of hydrophobicity and cationic charge to achieve the same level of membrane deformation. We propose an explanation for these differences, which has implications for new synthetic strategies aimed at improved mimesis of AMPs.
Advanced Design of Phased Array Beam-Forming Networks (2005)

Recent fundamental results in the theory of linear, multi-port networks enable cost-effective, higher-reliability designs for electronically-steered phased arrays. The new results are based on a generalization of the classical concepts of scalar image impedance, and of a scalar image-transfer function for two-port networks, to the new concepts of multidimensional image-impedance matrix, and of multidimensional image-transfer function for linear multi-port networks.