gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ErbB2/neu kinase modulates cellular p27(Kip1) and cyclin D1 through multiple signaling pathways. (2001)

It is well established that ErbB1 and ErbB2 can cooperate in mammary epithelial cell transformation. Therefore, to understand how ErbB1/ErbB2 signaling contributes to this process, we used the ErbB kinase inhibitor AG1478in ErbB2-dependent BT-474 and SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. These cells overexpress ErbB2 and also display moderate levels of ErbB1. Treatment with AG1478 resulted in rapid ErbB2 dephosphorylation, reversible G(1) arrest, and interruption of constitutive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Consequently, both MAPK-dependent transcription of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27 were inhibited. The inhibition of PI3K/Akt resulted in increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, which phosphorylated cyclin D1, potentially reducing its steady-state levels. The loss of cyclin D1 reduced the amount of cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes that can sequester p27 in the cytosol. This plus the reduced phosphorylation of p27 by MAPK enhanced the stability of p27 that associated with nuclear Cdk2 at high stoichiometry and inhibited its kinase activity. Antisense p27 oligonucleotides decreased p27 levels and abrogated the G(1) arrest induced by AG1478. Similarly, infection with an adenovirus encoding inducible cyclin D1 also counteracted the antiproliferative effect of AG1478. These data imply that: (a) modulation of both p27 and cyclin D1 are required for the growth arrest that results from blockade of the ErbB2 kinase; and (b) ErbB2 overexpressing cells use both MAPK and PI3K/Akt to modulate p27 and cyclin D1 and, hence, subvert the G(1)-to-S transition.
Methods To Evaluate Biliary Excretion of Drugs in Humans:  An Updated Review (2006)

Determining the biliary clearance of drugs in humans is very challenging because bile is not readily accessible due to the anatomy of the hepatobiliary tract. The collection of bile usually is limited to postsurgical patients with underlying hepatobiliary disease. In healthy subjects, feces typically are used as a surrogate to quantify the amount of drug excreted via nonurinary pathways. Nevertheless, it is very important to characterize hepatobiliary elimination because this is a potential site of drug interactions that might result in significant alterations in systemic or hepatic exposure. In addition to the determination of in vivo biliary clearance values of drugs, the availability of in vitro models that can predict the extent of biliary excretion of drugs in humans may be a powerful tool in the preclinical stages of drug development. In this review, recent advances in the most commonly used in vivo methods to estimate biliary excretion of drugs in humans are outlined. Additionally, in vitro models that can be employed to investigate the molecular processes involved in biliary excretion are discussed to present an updated picture of the new tools and techniques that are available to study the complex processes involved in hepatic drug transport.
Double textured cylindrical block copolymer domains via directional solidification on a topographically patterned substrate (2001)

Directional solidification of cylinder forming block copolymer films confined between a directionally crystallizing solvent (benzoic acid) and a topographically patterned silicon substrate imparts a particular orientation to the block copolymer microdomains that is dependent of the solidification direction and the local film thickness. The substrate features (30 nm high, 2μm wide square mesas on a 4μm sq lattice) shape the film morphology by periodically modulating the local film thickness. Thicker regions between substrate features (plateaus) exhibit in-plane cylinders aligned in the crystallization direction and thinner regions over the substrate features (mesas) display vertically aligned cylindrical domains. This approach is a simple and general technique for engineering an intended domain orientation in specific areas of a block copolymer film. Development of this method for nanolithographic applications is demonstrated through oxygen plasma reactive ion etching of the patterned cylindrical domains.
RRE: A game-theoretic intrusion Response and Recovery Engine (2009)

Preserving the availability and integrity of networked computing systems in the face of fast-spreading intrusions requires advances not only in detection algorithms, but also in automated response techniques. In this paper, we propose a new approach to automated response called the Response and Recovery Engine (RRE). Our engine employs a game-theoretic response strategy against adversaries modeled as opponents in a two-player Stackelberg stochastic game. RRE applies attack-response trees to analyze undesired security events and their countermeasures using Boolean logic to combine lower-level attack consequences. In addition, RRE accounts for uncertainties in intrusion detection alert notifications. RRE then chooses optimal response actions by solving a partially observable competitive Markov decision process that is automatically derived from attack-response trees. Experimental results show that RRE, using Snort's alerts, can protect large networks for which attack-response trees have more than 900 nodes.
Band-gap tuning of lead halide perovskites using a sequential deposition process (2014)

Demonstration of band-gap tuning of mixed anion lead halide perovskites (MAPb(I<sub>1−x</sub>Br<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤ <italic>x</italic> ≤ 1)) by means of a sequential deposition process.
Facilities and Techniques for X-Ray Diagnostic Calibration in the 100-eV to 100-keV Energy Range (1986)

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been a pioneer in the field of x-ray diagnostic calibration for more than 20 years. We have built steady state x-ray sources capable of supplying fluorescent lines of high spectral purity in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range, and these sources have been used in the calibration of x-ray detectors, mirrors, crystals, filters, and film. This paper discusses our calibration philosophy and techniques, and describes some of our x-ray sources. Examples of actual calibration data are presented as well.
Amphiphilic “Like-A-Brush” Oligonucleotide Conjugates with Three Dodecyl Chains: Self-Assembly Features of Novel Scaffold Compounds for Nucleic Acids Delivery (2020)

The conjugation of lipophilic groups to oligonucleotides is a promising approach for improving nucleic acid-based therapeutics' intracellular delivery. Lipid oligonucleotide conjugates can self-aggregate in aqueous solution, which gains much attention due to the formation of micellar particles suitable for cell endocytosis. Here, we describe self-association features of novel "like-a-brush" oligonucleotide conjugates bearing three dodecyl chains. The self-assembly of the conjugates into 30-170 nm micellar particles with a high tendency to aggregate was shown using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force (AFM), and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. Fluorescently labeled conjugates demonstrated significant quenching of fluorescence intensity (up to 90%) under micelle formation conditions. The conjugates possess increased binding affinity to serum albumin as compared with free oligonucleotides. The dodecyl oligonucleotide conjugate and its duplex efficiently internalized and accumulated into HepG2 cells' cytoplasm without any transfection agent. It was shown that the addition of serum albumin or fetal bovine serum to the medium decreased oligonucleotide uptake efficacy (by 22.5-36%) but did not completely inhibit cell penetration. The obtained results allow considering dodecyl-containing oligonucleotides as scaffold compounds for engineering nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
Plasma Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics After Controlled Smoking and<i>Ad libitum</i>Cannabis Smoking in Chronic Frequent Users (2015)

More Americans are dependent on cannabis than any other illicit drug. The main analytes for cannabis testing include the primary psychoactive constituent, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), equipotent 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) and inactive 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). Eleven adult chronic frequent cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit with unlimited access to 5.9% THC cannabis cigarettes from 12:00 to 23:00 during two ad libitum smoking phases, followed by a 5-day abstinence period in seven participants. A single cigarette was smoked under controlled topography on the last day of the smoking and abstinence phases. Plasma cannabinoids were quantified by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Median plasma maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 28.3 (THC), 3.9 (11-OH-THC) and 47.0 μg/L (THCCOOH) 0.5 h after controlled single cannabis smoking. Median Cmax 0.2-0.5 h after ad libitum smoking was higher for all analytes: 83.5 (THC), 14.2 (11-OH-THC) and 155 μg/L (THCCOOH). All 11 participants' plasma samples were THC and THCCOOH-positive, 58.3% had THC ≥5 μg/L and 79.2% were 11-OH-THC-positive 8.1-14 h after last cannabis smoking. Cannabinoid detection rates in seven participants 106-112 h (4-5 days) after last smoking were 92.9 (THC), 35.7 (11-OH-THC) and 100% (THCCOOH), with limits of quantification of 0.5 μg/L for THC and THCCOOH, and 1.0 μg/L for 11-OH-THC. These data greatly expand prior research findings on cannabinoid excretion profiles in chronic frequent cannabis smokers during ad libitum smoking. Smoking multiple cannabis cigarettes led to higher Cmax and AUC compared with smoking a single cigarette. The chronic frequent cannabis smokers exhibited extended detection windows for plasma cannabinoids, reflecting a large cannabinoid body burden.
A Characterization of Measures of Risk (1997)

A Characterization of Measures of Risk
3D Telomeric Profiles of MGUS, MMN and Relapsed MM (2011)

Abstract Abstract 2899 Multiple myeloma (MM) is recognized as the second most common cancer of the blood. It is a malignant disorder of plasma cells and commonly affects adults past the age of 50. Although risk factors have been established, it is currently not possible to assess the individual risk to cancer progression. Moreover, the causes of disease progression from its precursor condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), to full-blown MM and its progression to relapsed MM remain elusive. We have performed previous studies on the three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization of telomeres and found that normal and tumor cells display significant differences in their nuclear organization. These differences were objectively quantified with two software programs, TeloView and TeloScan developed by our group. We now report on a new double blinded preliminary study with 36 patients, including 20 MM, 12 MGUS and 4 relapsed MM. Using blood- and bone marrow-derived plasma cells from the respective patient groups, we have examined 3D nuclear telomeric profiles of the above patients. Plasma cells from MM, MGUS and relapsed MM exhibit specific 3D telomeric signatures. MM have the highest telomere numbers, followed by MGUS, while relapsed MM presents with the lowest numbers of telomeres and the shortest telomeres. Additional telomere parameters, such as cell cycle distribution profiles (a/c ratio), telomere aggregate numbers, distances from nuclear centre and also exhibited significance (p< 0.001). Within the MGUS and MM patient groups we studied are patients whose 3D telomeric profiles indicate the beginning of a new signature that resembles signatures of MM and relapsed MM respectively. Blood and bone marrow gave us comparable results opening the future opportunity to base diagnostics and monitoring on blood samples, sparing the patient form invasive bone marrow sampling with potentially adverse effects. Based on our current preliminary data, we propose the following 3D telomeric criteria that define individual signatures of MGUS and MM and progression within each of the groups: telomere numbers, telomere sizes, presence of telomeric aggregates, telomeres per nuclear volume, and a/c ratios. The clinical significance of these findings is the early identification of individuals with high risk of progression. This opens the possibility for better monitoring and early intervention with newer treatments with an acceptable efficacy and low toxicity ratio. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Complex permittivity of lanthanum aluminate in the 20 to 300 K temperature range from 26.5 TO 40.0 GHZ (1990)

Abstract Dielectric constants of microwave subtrales are required in the design of superconducting microwave circuits at various temperatures. In this paper, we report the results of a study of the complex permittivity of the newly developed lanthanum aluminate (LaAIO 3 ) substrate, in the 20 to 300 K temperature range at frequencies from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz. The value of the complex permittivity was obtained by measuring the sample scattering parameters using a microwave waveguide technique. It is observed that, while the dielectric constant did not change appreciably with frequency, its value decreased by approximately 14 percent from room temperature to 20 K.
Deep hole trap properties of <i>p</i>-type ZnSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1993)

The characteristics of deep hole traps in p-type ZnSe are studied by means of a transient capacitance spectroscopy technique. p-type ZnSe layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using radical N2 (nitrogen) doping. A major deep hole trap with a thermal hole activation energy of ΔE=720±30 meV is detected for two different sample structures: (a) n+-p ZnSe diodes and (b) Au-p ZnSe double-Schottky diodes. The trap concentration tends to increase as the net acceptor (N) concentration increases. The deep hole trap has revealed an exponential temperature dependence of hole capture rates, indicating a strong electron-lattice coupling in carrier capture/emission processes.
Midline Lateralization Thyroplasty for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (2000)

Midline lateralization thyroplasty was successfully performed on a patient with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. The thyroid cartilage was incised at the midline, and a 3 x 2-mm perforation was made at the anterior commissure to widen it. The perforation was closed with a free composite graft taken from the upper edge of the thyroid ala, and the incised thyroid cartilage edges were kept separated 4 mm apart with silicone wedges. A part of the sternohyoid muscle was rotated to seal any leak from the perforation. The postoperative course was uneventful. The voice has been restored to normal, and there is no sign of recurrence of the symptom so far, as of 1 year 5 months postoperative. Although a longer follow-up is needed, this case indicates that midline type II thyroplasty could be a useful treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
Trimethyl‐Sulfoxonium‐Ion (1958)

Abstract Ähnlich den Thioäthern, die Alkylhalogenide unter Bildung von Sulfoniumsalzen addieren, vermögen auch Sulfoxyde Alkylhalogenid anzulagern. Für die so erhältlichen Verbindungen [R 1 R 2 R 3 SO]⊕X⊕ wird die Bezeichnung Sulfoxoniumsalze vorgeschlagen. Neben dem aus CH 3 ·SO·CH 3 +CH 3 J erhaltenen Jodid werden das Chlorid, Pikrat und Tetraphenyloborat beschrieben. Es handelt sich um Alkylierungsmittel, mit deren Hilfe man tert. Amine quartär machen und Phenole alkylieren kann.
Expression of the apoptosis related genes and telomerase activity in Tinospora cordifolia treated mcf-7 cells (2015)

The present study was taken up to explore the anti-proliferative activity of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells each at the dose rate of 600 µg/ml. Their influence on the induction of apoptosis was detected by determining the expression of apoptosis related genes Bcl-2, Bax and Fas keeping β actin as an internal control and the expression of the tumour marker enzyme telomerase by using RT-PCR. There was an expression of the internal control β actin, and the apoptosis related genes Bax and Fas after treatment with both the extracts of the plant similar to that noticed in the positive control. Whereas in the negative control group there was expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and the internal control β actin. Telomerase RNA, hTERT mRNA was expressed in the negative control but not in the treated groups as evidenced by RTPCR analysis. The internal control, GAPDH was expressed in both the groups.  These results suggest that aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cell line and act as effective natural anticancer agents.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in atherosclerosis tissues and the effect of celecoxib on proliferation and apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells (2013)

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in atherosclerosis tissues and the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor celeboxib on proliferation and apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods Immunohistochemistry for COX-2 was performed on 22 cases of formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded human atherosclerosis tissues.Cell growth rate was assessed by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay,and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry.Results COX-2 protein was detected in 21 of 22 (95％) human atherosclerosis tissues.COX-2 was decreased in VSMCs when treated with celecoxib in vitro.After cells were treated with increasing concentrations of celecoxib (0,10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L) for 24 h,the cell growth rate was 100.00％,90.06％,81.38％,75.41％ and 68.90％ respectively,and the early apoptosis ratio was 0.02％,0.62％,0.92％,1.17％ and 1.63％ respectively.Conclusion COX-2 is highly expressed in human atherosclerosis tissues,and the celecoxib inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Key words: 
Cyclooxygenase-2 ;  Celecoxib ;  Atherosclerosis;  Vascular smooth muscle cells; Proliferation ;  Apoptosis
Internet-based desktops in Tcl/Tk: collaborative and recordable (1998)

This paper addresses issues that arise when a peer group, distributed across several time zones, uses the Internet to configure and execute distributed desktop-based applications and tasks. The paper provides solutions and Tcl/Tk implementations to support (1) peer-to-peer communication/control of distributed software and computing resources over the Internet; (2) recording and playback of interactive execution of Tcl/Tk applications and collaborative sessions. The summary of 540 Internet-based experiments, each relying on RecordTaker and PlaybackMaker to record, playback, and execute ReubenDesktop configurations from local, cross-state, and cross-country servers, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed concepts and implementation. Keywords: collaborative desktops, recording, playback, workflows, Internet. 1 Introduction The Internet and the on-going evolution of the world-wide web is expected to evolve into a network without technologic, geographic or time barriers -- a netw...
A novel tunable laser with flat-output wideband tuning based on parallel ring resonators (2012)

We have developed a new monolithic tunable laser for the deployment in a wavelength-routing switch. The new laser is based on two semiconductor ring resonators placed in parallel, where each resonator plays the role of a wavelength selective filter as well as a loop-mirror to form the necessary laser cavity, hence enhancing the Vernier tuning mechanism. By the control of a single electrode, the device exhibits stable wavelength tuning with a step of 200 GHz over a wide tuning range of more than 35 nm. The variation of the laser output power with tuning is less than 1 dB even with an injected current of around 20 mA.
Recent advances in spinel optical ceramic (2005)

New military requirements have reinvigorated the need for transparent magnesium aluminate (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) spinel. Surmet has developed a process that yields high quality transparent spinel at production scale. Several issues related to the extreme requirements of processing ultrafine spinel powders are described. Transmission data is presented for a significant dataset of parts made by this process. More recently, the process has been expanded to include a capability for producing domes for the Joint Common Missile program. Domes at nominal 6” and 7” diameter have been successfully fabricated. Despite early challenges related to the forming portion of the process, a repeatable capability for these domes has been demonstrated. Several challenges remain in spinel processing in order to support additional military requirements. In particular, the strength of the material needs further improvement. Also, improvements in optical quality with regard to inclusions are needed.
Adaptive Droop Control Applied to Voltage-Source Inverters Operating in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes (2009)

This paper proposes a novel control for voltage-source inverters with the capability to flexibly operate in grid-connected and islanded modes. The control scheme is based on the droop method, which uses some estimated grid parameters such as the voltage and frequency and the magnitude and angle of the grid impedance. Hence, the inverter is able to inject independently active and reactive power to the grid. The controller provides a proper dynamics decoupled from the grid-impedance magnitude and phase. The system is also able to control active and reactive power flows independently for a large range of impedance grid values. Simulation and experimental results are provided in order to show the feasibility of the control proposed.
Effects of L-arginine on the systemic, mesenteric, and hepatic circulation of patients with cirrhosis (1998)

Kakumitsu, Shigeru; Shijo, Hiroshi; Yokoyama, Masanori; Kim, Tetsuhiro; Akiyoshi, Nobuo; Ota, Kazuhiro; Kubara, Katsuhiko; Okumura, Makoto; Inoue, Kazuhide
Eye word processor (EWP) and peripheral controller for the ALS patient (1987)

The authors have designed an eye word processor (EWP) controlled by eye movements for victims of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Instead of unnatural side-to-side eye movement or blinking, the system employs the eye's natural focusing movements. It allows a patient to input eight letters per minute, call a nurse, or control certain appliances. It takes only five minutes to set up, and it has been praised by nursing staff.
A hybrid natural/artificial electrostatic actuator for tactile stimulation (2003)

Two modes of tactile communication have been previously explored-electrocutaneous and electrostatic. The electrostatic mode has the significant advantage of not passing electrical current into tissue to effect stimulation of afferent touch nerves. In previous research, we microfabricated electrostatic tactile displays on a 4-inch wafer using standard clean room processing. Tactile perception studies performed on those showed that subjects could discriminate simple spatial geometric patterns. The focus of the current work is to develop a better understanding of the basic mechanism of perception (activation of receptors) during electrostatic stimulation at the skin-display interface. Three displays were constructed with polyimide (PI) dielectric layers of varying thickness. Studies were performed on human subjects to determine the dependence of threshold of sensation on the PI thickness using both the method of limits and two-alternate forced-choice techniques. The theoretical model for the behavior of the interface (a parallel-plate capacitor) suggests a linear relationship between voltage and dielectric thickness. However, our results indicate that the thickness has little or no effect on the threshold. The results are promising in that they may provide an indirect estimate of the depth of the subcutaneous conductive layer of the skin, and a better understanding of the interface.