gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ion-sensitive extended-gate field effect transistor coated with functional self-assembled monolayer (2015)

Extended-gate field effect transistors (FETs) were characterized by modifying self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols with functional groups (–CH3, –COOH, –NH2, and –OH) on the gate surface. The SAMs with a polar group such as –COOH or –NH2 on the Au gate surface of the FET showed potential responses in the pH range of 5 to 10. In particular, the carboxylated SAM-coated gate FET showed higher sensitivities of 42 to 56 mV/pH, which are close to those of a Nernstian response. Moreover, the pH dependence of the carboxylated SAM-coated gate FET was maintained even in a solution with a higher salt concentration of 500 mM, which was used as the measurement solution. The effect of the ion strength in the solution on the pH response using the SAM-coated gate FET should be considered for the change in the concentration of hydrogen ions within the Debye length, which can be explained using the site-binding model for the functional groups at the terminus of the alkyl chains. In this case, the Debye length is assumed to be the distance from the packed alkyl chain layer of SAMs, which are hydrophobic. From these results, the construction of the SAMs with various functional groups on extended-gate FETs enables the FETs to be applied in ion-sensitive FET biosensors depending on the chemical characteristics of biological targets.
Control of AlgU, a member of the sigma E-like family of stress sigma factors, by the negative regulators MucA and MucB and Pseudomonas aeruginosa conversion to mucoidy in cystic fibrosis (1996)

The alternative sigma factor AlgU (Pseudomonas aeruginosa sigma E) is required for full resistance of P. aeruginosa to oxidative stress and extreme temperatures. AlgU also controls conversion of P. aeruginosa to the mucoid, alginate-overproducing phenotype associated with lethal infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Mutations that cause conversion to mucoidy in cystic fibrosis isolates occur frequently in mucA, the second gene within the algU mucABCD gene cluster. Here we analyze the biochemical basis of conversion to mucoidy. MucA was shown to act as an anti-sigma factor by binding to AlgU and inhibiting its activity. MucB, another negative regulator of AlgU, was localized in the periplasm. MucB exerts its function from this compartment, since deletion of the leader peptide and the cytoplasmic location of MucB abrogated its ability to inhibit mucoidy. These data support a model in which a multicomponent system, encompassing an anti-delta factor and elements in the periplasmic compartment, modulates activity of AlgU. Since factors controlling AlgU are conserved in other gram-negative bacteria, the processes controlling conversion to mucoidy in P. aeruginosa may be applicable to the regulation of AlgU (sigma E) equivalents in other organisms.
Kombinatorische Synthese (1996)

Abstract Industrial drug research is undergoing radical changes. Advances in molecular biology and gene technology have resulted in the development of test systems with which a very large number of substances can be screened for their biological activity. In order to keep pace with this high‐throughput screening procedure, preparative chemists need to reconsider conventional synthetic strategies.
Estimating the Mean Critical Gap (2014)

The estimation of the critical gap has been an issue since the 1970s, when gap acceptance was introduced to evaluate the capacity of unsignalized intersections. The critical gap is the shortest gap that a driver is assumed to accept. A driver's critical gap cannot be measured directly, and a number of techniques have been developed to estimate the mean critical gaps of a sample of drivers. This paper reviews the ability of the maximum likelihood technique and the probability equilibrium method to predict the mean and standard deviation of the critical gap with a simulation of 100 drivers, repeated 100 times for each flow condition. The maximum likelihood method gave consistent and unbiased estimates of the mean critical gap, whereas the probability equilibrium method had a significant bias that was dependent on the flow in the priority stream. Both methods were reasonably consistent, although the maximum likelihood method was slightly better. If drivers were inconsistent, again the maximum likelihood method was superior. A criticism leveled at the maximum likelihood method has been that a distribution of the critical gap has to be assumed. It was shown that this did not significantly affect the method's ability to predict the mean and standard deviation of the critical gaps. Finally, the maximum likelihood method can predict reasonable estimates with observations for 25 to 30 drivers. A spreadsheet procedure for using the maximum likelihood method is provided in this paper. The probability equilibrium method can be improved if the maximum rejected gaps are used.
Removal of Plutonium from Laboratory Wastes (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of Plutonium from Laboratory WastesC. W. Christenson, M. B. Ettinger, Gordon G. Robeck, E. R. Hermann, K. C. Kohr, and J. F. NewellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 7, 1509–1515Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50499a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50499a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Drug Nanoparticles Using a T-Junction Microchannel System (2011)

Cefuroxime axetil (CFA) drug nanoparticles were prepared by liquid antisolvent precipitation in a microchannel system with a T-shaped junction formed by a main microchannel and a branch. Isopropyl ether as the antisolvent (high flow rate) was usually passed through the main microchannel, and CFA acetone solution as the solvent (low flow rate) was injected into the branch simultaneously. The solvent diffused from the CFA acetone solution stream into the antisolvent phase, which resulted in the supersaturation of CFA and thus led to the rapid precipitation of CFA nanoparticles. The change of the injection phase from CFA acetone solution to isopropyl ether was found to have a significant effect on the formation of CFA nanoparticles owing to the different contact behavior. The morphology and size of CFA nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution (PSD) measurements by laser diffractometry. Furthermore, the effects of CFA acetone solution velocity, antisolvent velocity, overall velocity, and CFA concentration on the particle size and size distribution were experimentally investigated. The as-prepared CFA nanoparticles were amorphous and exhibited a higher dissolution rate than raw CFA. This work suggests that microfluidics might find wide applications in the development and optimization of drug nanoparticles in the newly emerging field of nanomedicine.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Lou Gehrig's disease. (1999)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neuromuscular condition characterized by weakness, muscle wasting, fasciculations and increased reflexes. Approximately 30,000 Americans currently have the disease. The annual incidence rate is one to two cases per 100,000. The disease is most commonly diagnosed in middle age and affects more men than women. It usually presents with problems in dexterity or gait resulting from muscle weakness. Difficulty in speaking or swallowing is the initial symptom in the bulbar form of the disease. Over a period of months or years, patients with ALS develop severe, progressive muscular weakness and other symptoms caused by loss of function in both upper and lower motor neurons. Sphincter control, sensory function, intellectual abilities and skin integrity are preserved. Patients become completely disabled, often requiring ventilatory support and gastrostomy. Death usually occurs within five years of diagnosis and is attributed to respiratory failure or cachexia. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Current research is focused on abnormalities of neuronal cell metabolism involving glutamate and the role of potential neurotoxins and neurotrophic factors. New drugs are being developed based on these theories. Current management involves aggressive, individualized alleviation of symptoms and complications.
Oral contraceptives and hepatic vein thrombosis. (1981)

The purpose of this paper is to report on three cases of the Budd-Chiari syndrome in young women who were taking oral contraceptives. Two patients survived, with gradual resolution of hepatomegaly and ascites following discontinuance of the birth control pills. One death occurred soon after the patient's admission to the hospital. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon involves two major aspects. Oral contraceptives are known to cause a hypercoagulation state as well as a direct effect on the blood vessels. In this series the combination of hypercoagulation and progressive occlusion of the vessels in patients on oral contraceptives appeared to lead to the development of thrombosis of the liver vessels.
The Isolation of Dehydroabietic Acid from Disproportionated Rosin (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isolation of Dehydroabietic Acid from Disproportionated RosinNoah J. Halbrook and Ray V. LawrenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 12, 4246–4247Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01350a510https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01350a510research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Variational Stereo Method for the Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Ocean Waves (2011)

We develop a novel remote sensing technique for the observation of waves on the ocean surface. Our method infers the 3-D waveform and radiance of oceanic sea states via a variational stereo imagery formulation. In this setting, the shape and radiance of the wave surface are given by minimizers of a composite energy functional that combines a photometric matching term along with regularization terms involving the smoothness of the unknowns. The desired ocean surface shape and radiance are the solution of a system of coupled partial differential equations derived from the optimality conditions of the energy functional. The proposed method is naturally extended to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of ocean waves and applied to three sets of stereo video data. Statistical and spectral analysis are carried out. Our results provide evidence that the observed omnidirectional wavenumber spectrum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> ) decays as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2.5</sup> is in agreement with Zakharov's theory (1999). Furthermore, the 3-D spectrum of the reconstructed wave surface is exploited to estimate wave dispersion and currents.
Cationic liposomes as gene delivery system: transfection efficiency and new application. (2011)

As it has been generally reported that oppositely charged cationic liposomes (CLs) are superior to either neutral or anionic liposomes as gene delivery carrier, interest in the properties, structures, transfection mechanism of CLs and so forth arises unprecedentedly. However, our understanding about the mechanism of CLs-gene complexes (lipoplex)-cell interaction and factors influencing the transfection efficiency (TE) of CLs remains poor. In this article, we describe some new results aimed at elucidating the relationship between the chemical-physical properties of lipoplex with TE and introducing recent applications of CLs in gene therapy.
Tray delivery of potassium nitrate-fluoride to reduce bleaching sensitivity. (2001)

The use of a 5% potassium nitrate-fluoride gel applied in the tray as needed for tooth sensitivity associated with nightguard vital bleaching can reduce sensitivity in a majority of patients and allow most patients to continue bleaching to completion.
Antidepressants and the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor (1977)

• Several tricyclic antidepressants have been assessed for their potency in binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor of brain and intestine. Amitriptyline hydrochloride is about ten times as potent as imipramine hydrochloride. Dimethylated drugs are more potent than monomethylated ones. The relative anticholinergic activities of tricyclic antidepressants have implications for their use in patients who might be affected adversely by anticholinergic effects.
Oligomere als modelle für poly‐<i>p</i>‐xylyliden. Untersuchungen über stilbene. XLIX.<sup>1</sup> (1970)

Abstract Die folgenden durch π‐Elektronen bedingten Eigenschaften einer Reihe von wohldefinierten Oligoxylylidenen mit trans ‐Doppelbindungen der allgemeinen Struktur I magnified image werden untersucht: UV‐Spektren in Lösung, UV‐Spektren der Festkörper (Reflexionsspektren), Festkörperfluoreszenzspektren und die spektrale Abhängigkeit der Photoleitfähigkeit. Mit einem quantenmechanischen Näherungsverfahren werden die π–π*‐Anregungsenergien für die Glieder der Reihe berechnet. Es wird gefunden, daß die betrachteten elektronischen Eigenschaften sehr schnell gegen einen Grenzwert konvergieren, der praktisch schon mit n = 3 erreicht wird. Hieraus ist die Extrapolation auf entsprechende Eigenschaften des Polyxylylidens möglich.
A modified ring dielectric resonator with improved mode separation and its tunability characteristics in MIC environment (2005)

In this paper, a novel dielectric-resonator (DR) structure, called a modified ring resonator, has been proposed. In a microwave integrated-circuit configuration, the ring DR shape is modified in such a way that, for the TE/sub 01/spl delta// mode, the nearest hybrid (or TM/sub 01/spl delta//) modes are pushed farther to provide a higher mode separation simultaneous to no deterioration of the Q factor in the mode of interest. Further, the tunability studies reveal that degradation of mode separation in the proposed configuration is much lower than the conventional ring resonator for the tuning range studied here. The configuration also offers versatility in choosing the substrate thickness, which otherwise is limited in a ring resonator.
Low-complexity video encoding using B-frame direct modes (2005)

Low complexity video encoding shifts the computational complexity from the encoder to the decoder, which is developed for applications characterized by scarce resources at the encoder. Wyner-Ziv and Slepian-Wolf theorems have provided the theoretic bases for low complexity video encoding. In this paper, we propose a low complexity video encoding using B-frame direct modes. We extend the direct-mode idea that was originally developed for encoding B frames, and design new B-frame direct modes. Motion vectors are obtained for B-frames at the decoder and transmitted back to the encoder using a feedback channel, hence no motion estimation is needed at the encoder to encoding any B frame. Experimental results implemented by modifying ITU-T H.26L software show that our approach can obtain a competitive rate distortion performance compared to that of conventional high complexity video encoding.
Beginning DirectX 11 Game Programming (2011)

Discover the latest and most popular technology for creating next-generation 3D games: DIRECTX 11! BEGINNING DIRECTX 11 GAME PROGRAMMING is an introductory guide to learning the basics of DirectX 11 that will help get you started on the path to 3D video game programming and development. Written specifically for the beginner programmer, this book uses step-by-step instructions to teach the basics of DirectX 11 and introduces skills that can be applied to creating games for PCs and game console platforms such as the Xbox 360. Updated for all the newest DirectX 11 technology, this book includes coverage of improved professional coding practices, an overview of the latest DirectX components and tools, sprites, text and font rendering, 3D character rendering, cameras, audio, shaders and effects, and much more. By the time you reach the end of this book, you will have had enough experience with DirectX 11 that you should be able to explore making simple video games and demos. From there, you can progress toward making more complex games and demos until you find yourself able to complete and release your own PC or console games.
Differential Adhesiveness and Neurite-promoting Activity for Neural Cells of Chitosan, Gelatin, and Poly- <scp>l</scp> -Lysine Films (2010)

Chitosan (Ch) and some of its derivatives have been proposed as good biomaterials for tissue engineering, to construct scaffolds promoting tissue regeneration. In this work we made composite films from Ch and mixtures of Ch with gelatin (G) and poly-l-lysine (PLL), and evaluated the growth on these films of PC12 and C6 lines as well as neurons and glial cells derived from cerebral tissue and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). C6 glioma cells proliferated on Ch, G, and Ch + G films, although metabolic activity was decreased by the presence of the G in the mixtures. NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, adhered preferentially on Ch and films containing PLL. Unlike NGF-treated PC12 cells, cortical and hippocampal neurons showed good adhesion to Ch and Ch + G films, where they extended neurites. Astrocytes adhered on Ch, Ch + G, and Ch + PLL mixtures, although viability decreased during the culture time. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) adhered and proliferated to confluency on the wells covered with Ch + G films. Neurites from DRGs exhibited high extension on these films. These results demonstrate that Ch + G films have excellent adhesive properties for both neurons and regeneration-promoting glia (OEC). These films also promoted neurite extension from DRG, making them good candidates for tissue engineering of nerve repair.
National curriculum in Australia: An instrument of corporate Federalism (1992)

(1992). National curriculum in Australia: An instrument of corporate Federalism. British Journal of Educational Studies: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 218-238.
SILAC-Based Proteomics of Human Primary Endothelial Cell Morphogenesis Unveils Tumor Angiogenic Markers (2013)

Proteomics has been successfully used for cell culture on dishes, but more complex cellular systems have proven to be challenging and so far poorly approached with proteomics. Because of the complexity of the angiogenic program, we still do not have a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, and there have been no in depth quantitative proteomic studies. Plating endothelial cells on matrigel recapitulates aspects of vessel growth, and here we investigate this mechanism by using a spike-in SILAC quantitative proteomic approach. By comparing proteomic changes in primary human endothelial cells morphogenesis on matrigel to general adhesion mechanisms in cells spreading on culture dish, we pinpoint pathways and proteins modulated by endothelial cells. The cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteome depends on the adhesion substrate, and a detailed proteomic profile of the extracellular matrix secreted by endothelial cells identified CLEC14A as a matrix component, which binds to MMRN2. We verify deregulated levels of these proteins during tumor angiogenesis in models of multistage carcinogenesis. This is the most in depth quantitative proteomic study of endothelial cell morphogenesis, which shows the potential of applying high accuracy quantitative proteomics to in vitro models of vessel growth to shed new light on mechanisms that accompany pathological angiogenesis. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000359.
Erythrocytes analysis with a digital holographic microscope (2007)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a technique that allows obtaining, from a single recorded hologram, quantitative phase image of living cell with interferometric accuracy (Marquet et al., 2005). Specifically the optical phase shift induced by the specimen on the transmitted wave front can be regarded as a powerful endogenous contrast agent, depending on both the thickness and the refractive index of the sample. We have recently proposed (Rappaz et al., 2005) a new and efficient decoupling procedure allowing to directly obtain separate measurements of the thickness and the integral refractive index of a given living cell. Consequently, it has been possible, for the first time to our knowledge, to accurately measure (with a precision of 0.0003) the mean refractive index of living erythrocytes.. On the other hand, the cellular thickness measurements allow to calculate the volume and shape of erythrocytes. In addition, DHM, thanks to its subwavelength phase shift measurements, was found to yield an efficient tool to assess erythrocyte cell membrane fluctuations (ECMF). Typically, ECMF characterized by an amplitude within the range of 45 nm were observed.