gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A System for Artifact Free NTSC Encoding and Decoding (1986)

This paper describes a method of NTSC compatible encoding and decoding of chrominance and luminance. Artifacts such as cross color, cross luminance, and "hanging dots" (an artifact usually appearing when conventional comb filters are used in TV receivers) are greatly reduced, while horizontal and vertical resolution is preserved. Special processing at the transmitter involving 8 to 10 line delays as well as during decoding at the receiver involving 10 to 12 line delays is required. With these modifications, NTSC can still be used in today's market place with increasing demands for picture quality.
MEMS sensors and wireless telemetry for distributed systems (1998)

Selectively coated cantilevers are being developed at ORNL for chemical and biological sensing. The sensitivity can exceed that of other electro-mechanical devices as parts-per-trillion detection can be demonstrated for certain species. The authors are now proceeding to develop systems that employ electrically readable microcantilevers in a standard MEMS process and standard CMOS processes. One of their primary areas of interest is chemical sensing for environmental applications. Towards this end, they are presently developing electronic readout of a mercury-sensitive coated cantilever. In order to field arrays of distributed sensors, a wireless network for data reporting is needed. For this, the authors are developing on-chip spread-spectrum encoding and modulation circuitry to improve the robustness and security of sensor data in typical interference- and multipath-impaired environments. They have also provided for a selection of distinct spreading codes to serve groups of sensors in a common environment by the application of code-division multiple-access techniques. Most of the RF circuitry they have designed and fabricated in 0.5 {micro}m CMOS has been tested and verified operational to above 1 GHz. The initial intended operation is for use in the 915 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This paper presents measured data on the microcantilever-based mercury detector. They also present design data and measurements of the RF telemetry chip.
A Resistive CAM Processing-in-Storage Architecture for DNA Sequence Alignment (2017)

A novel processing-in-storage (PRinS) architecture based on Resistive CAM (ReCAM) is described and proposed for Smith-Waterman (S-W) sequence alignment. The ReCAM PRinS massively parallel compare operation finds matching base pairs in a fixed number of cycles, regardless of sequence length. The ReCAM PRinS S-W algorithm is simulated and compared to FPGA, Xeon Phi, and GPU-based implementations, showing at least 4.7 times higher throughput and at least 15 times lower power dissipation.
Catalytic Cracking of LDPE Dissolved in Benzene Using Nickel-Impregnated Zeolites (2016)

Among the various processes and reactor designs in polymer cracking, catalytic cracking of polymer dissolved in solvent offers interesting features. In the present research, catalytic cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dissolved in benzene in a fixed-bed reactor was studied. The catalysts used included three zeolites in original form and nickel (Ni)-impregnated forms. The LDPE conversions achieved were high (>98%) despite the short retention times. The catalytic cracking of LDPE produced liquid in the gasoline range, gases ranged from C1 to C4, and hydrogen gas. The increase in catalyst acidity improved gas yield at the expense of the liquid yield. Although high catalyst acidity had less influence toward liquid product composition, it led to higher degree of cracking of the gaseous products. The dissolution of LDPE in benzene led to high cracking rate despite short retention time and produced liquid products that can be used as fuels.
Synthesis of Nemorosone via a Difficult Bridgehead Substitution Reaction (2010)

The synthesis of nemorosone, a polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol isolated from Clusia rosea, was achieved by means of a bridgehead substitution process, involving initial iodination and subsequent lithium-iodine exchange followed by acylation. The difficulties in the bridgehead substitution are discussed, and a probable explanation proposed, based on molecular modelling.
Growth Control of Vertically-Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Alcohol (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Learning to Spot and Refactor Inconsistent Method Names (2019)

To ensure code readability and facilitate software maintenance, program methods must be named properly. In particular, method names must be consistent with the corresponding method implementations. Debugging method names remains an important topic in the literature, where various approaches analyze commonalities among method names in a large dataset to detect inconsistent method names and suggest better ones. We note that the state-of-the-art does not analyze the implemented code itself to assess consistency. We thus propose a novel automated approach to debugging method names based on the analysis of consistency between method names and method code. The approach leverages deep feature representation techniques adapted to the nature of each artifact. Experimental results on over 2.1 million Java methods show that we can achieve up to 15 percentage points improvement over the state-of-the-art, establishing a record performance of 67.9% F1- measure in identifying inconsistent method names. We further demonstrate that our approach yields up to 25% accuracy in suggesting full names, while the state-of-the-art lags far behind at 1.1% accuracy. Finally, we report on our success in fixing 66 inconsistent method names in a live study on projects in the wild.
[The chemistry of antimicrobially active 1-hydroxy-2-pyridones (author's transl)]. (1981)

The unsaturated delta-keto esters (3) obtained by condensation of acid chlorides with esters of di- or trialkyl-acrylic acids can be cyclized with hydroxylamine to yield 1-hydroxy-2-pyridones (4). However, in many cases a two-steps synthesis may be of advantage in preparative respect, the ketoesters being cyclized to 2-pyrones (7), which then are reacted with hydroxylamine in the presence of certain bases to give 4. The hydroxy-pyridones show pronounced antifungal activity in vitro as well as in experimental guinea pig dermatophytosis.
Photostability of Rebaudioside A and Stevioside in Beverages (2008)

The Coca-Cola Company and Cargill, Inc. have initiated the development and commercialization of the Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) derived sweetener rebaudioside A. Efforts were focused on high purity rebaudioside A (>97% by HPLC), commonly known as rebiana. In the course of the development program, extensive stability studies were carried out on rebiana, all supporting good stability for use in all food and beverage applications, including conditions where rebiana-sweetened beverages were exposed to light. Our findings on rebiana light stability refute those of an earlier study that suggested rebaudioside A to be unstable to sunlight exposure, while the structurally homologous stevioside is stable. We replicated the earlier study and found no significant photodegradation for either rebaudioside A or stevioside.
Biomechanical Testing of Suture‐Based Meniscal Repair Devices Containing Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polyethylene Suture: Update 2011 (2012)

Most commercially available devices for all-inside meniscal repair using ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene suture provide fixation comparable to the classic vertical mattress suture repair technique in human cadaveric meniscus.
High power Ho:YAG laser ablation of intervertebral discs: Effects on ablation rates and temperature profile (1995)

Regarding the chosen experimental setting, maximum temperatures are reached after application of 500 J, and increasing power does not induce a rise in temperature.
LXXX.—The condensation of pyrrole-2-aldehyde with ketones (1916)

E. Lubrzynska, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1916, 109, 1118 DOI: 10.1039/CT9160901118
Min-cut placement with global objective functions for large scale sea-of-gates arrays (1995)

We present a new min-cut based placement algorithm for large scale sea-of-gates arrays. In the past all such algorithms were developed based on a single local optimization function, called the sequential cut line objective function. Our algorithm incorporates global objective functions into this traditional framework of min-cut placement. In particular, we introduce a new global objective function based on the congestions for cut lines and use it for the selection of their sequence. We also use the total cut value objective function in the determination of the sizes and connectivities of clusters that are to be used in the early stages of min-cut partitioning. The incorporation of such global objective functions yields additional reductions of wire congestions in the entire as well as local chip areas. With the automatic selection and use of such clusters and a cut line sequence, our algorithm can produce, in a short time and at a low cost, final placement results that achieve the 100% completion of wiring on chips of fixed sizes. This has led to its successful production use, having generated more than 400 CMOS sea-of-gates array chips of 1.5 K to 150 K raw gates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smooth levels of detail (2002)

Levels of detail (LODs) are used in interactive computer graphics to avoid overload of the rendering hardware with too many polygons. While conventional methods use a small set of discrete LODs, we introduce a new class of polygonal simplification: Smooth LODs. A very large number of small details encoded in a data stream allows a progressive refinement of the object from a very coarse approximation to the original high quality representation. Advantages of the new approach include progressive transmission and encoding suitable for networked applications, interactive selection of any desired quality, and compression of the data by incremental and redundancy free encoding.
The Influence of Hydrostatic Extrusion on the Properties of an Austenitic Stainless Steel (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium with IL-2 Gene Reduces Pulmonary Metastases in Murine Osteosarcoma (2008)

Historically, osteosarcoma has been a problematic metastatic disease, with 40-80% of patients developing pulmonary metastasis after primary tumor resection. Recent treatment advancements have reduced the occurrence of metastatic lesions to less than 30%. Using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, we previously demonstrated regression in tumor burden in murine solid tumor and metastatic models. We established a murine model for metastatic osteosarcoma to determine the effect of treatment with a single oral dose of attenuated S. typhimurium with (SalpIL2) and without (Sal-NG) a gene for a truncated human interleukin-2. Female balb/c mice were administered 2 x 10(5) (ATCC K7M2) osteosarcoma cells via tail vein injection from culture and treated by oral gavage of Salmonella species 3 days later. Mice were harvested for splenic lymphocytes and tumor enumeration by intratracheal injection with India ink 21 days after injection. Treatment with attenuated SalpIL2 reduced pulmonary metastases in number and volume compared to saline controls. Furthermore, splenic natural killer cell populations were increased 93% with SalpIL2 and 114% with Sal-NG compared to nontreated groups. This pulmonary metastasis model demonstrates attenuated Salmonella typhimurium with human interleukin-2 reduced metastatic osteosarcoma in mice and confirm the need for further investigation into the immunologic properties of SalpIL2 as a possible treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma.
Discovery of selective inhibitors of Glutaminase-2, which inhibit mTORC1, activate autophagy and inhibit proliferation in cancer cells (2014)

// Yue-Zhi Lee 1,* , Cheng-Wei Yang 1,* , Hsin-Yu Chang 1,* , Hsing-Yu Hsu 1,* , Ih-Shen Chen 2 , Hsun-Shuo Chang 2 , Chih-Hao Lee 3 , Jinq-chyi Lee 1 , Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar 1 , Ya-Qi Qiu 1,4 , Yu-Sheng Chao 1 and Shiow-Ju Lee 1 1 Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan 2 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 3 Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 4 Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan * These authors equally contributed to this work Correspondence: Shiow-Ju Lee, email: // Keywords : AMPK; Autophagy; Glutaminase; mTOR; Raptor; ULK1 Received : April 26, 2014 Accepted : July 7, 2014 Published : July 8, 2014 Abstract Glutaminase, which converts glutamine to glutamate, is involved in Warburg effect in cancer cells. Two human glutaminase genes have been identified, GLS ( GLS1 ) and GLS2 . Two alternative transcripts arise from each glutaminase gene: first, the kidney isoform (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC) for GLS ; and, second, the liver isoform (LGA) and glutaminase B (GAB) for GLS2 . While GLS1 is considered as a cancer therapeutic target, the potential role of GLS2 in cancer remains unclear. Here, we discovered a series of alkyl benzoquinones that preferentially inhibit glutaminase B isoform (GAB, GLS2) rather than the kidney isoform of glutaminase (KGA, GLS1). We identified amino acid residues in an allosteric binding pocket responsible for the selectivity. Treatment with the alkyl benzoquinones decreased intracellular glutaminase activity and glutamate levels. GLS2 inhibition by either alkyl benzoquinones or GLS2 siRNA reduced carcinoma cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation, and induced autophagy via AMPK mediated mTORC1 inhibition. Our findings demonstrate amino acid sequences for selective inhibition of glutaminase isozymes and validate GLS2 as a potential anti-cancer target.
Interactive Computer-Enhanced Remote Viewing System (ICERVS). Phase 2 (1994)

This report documents the results of the Phase 2 development of ICERVS. Supporting the USDOE missions in environmental restoration, ICERVS integrates capabilities for data acquisition, data visualization, data analysis, and geometric model synthesis in a workstation-based system. The following sections trace ICERVS development from intermediate system design, prototyping of critical elements, and detailed design of seven subsystems through implementation of source code and system performance testing. As a result of Phase 2, ICERVS has demonstrated the combined capabilities of integration and display of 3D sensor data, and interactive synthesis and display of geometric shapes to model regions in 3D space. Such capabilities are essential to effective, efficient task planning, path planning, and collision avoidance in robotic remediation systems.
Use of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) in the Short‐term Management of Headache (2000)

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation appears to be a useful complementary therapy to analgesic and antimigraine drugs for the short-term management of headache. Interestingly, the analgesic response to PENS therapy appears to be independent of the origin of the headache symptoms.
An Outbreak of Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (BORSA) in a Dermatological Unit (2005)

From February through July, 2000, there was an accumulation of mecA-negative borderline resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) in the Department of Dermatology. BORSA was isolated in 37 samples from 11 patients. The isolates were typed by antibiogram, phage type, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and spa genotyping that confirmed that they were indistinguishable from one another. In May, 2000, an intervention was initiated focusing on infection control. In-patients with BORSA were discharged and antibiotic treatment was stopped, if possible. Emphasis was put on disinfection of shared utensils and individualization of previously shared creams and lotions. After the intervention, BORSA was isolated from another 3 patients before the outbreak was terminated. A case-control study was undertaken to identify possible risk factors for being a BORSA patient. Compared to the controls, the patients with BORSA had more severe skin disease, were more often hospitalized, and had more bed days.
Titanium and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Are Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Agents (2012)

Oxidation/reduction reactions at metal oxide surfaces are important to emerging solar energy conversion processes, photocatalysis, and geochemical transformations. Here we show that the usual description of these reactions as electron transfers is incomplete. Reduced TiO(2) and ZnO nanoparticles in solution can transfer an electron and a proton to phenoxyl and nitroxyl radicals, indicating that e(-) and H(+) are coupled in this interfacial reaction. These proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions are rapid and quantitative. The identification of metal oxide surfaces as PCET reagents has implications for the understanding and development of chemical energy technologies, which will rely on e(-)/H(+) coupling.
New Insights into Water Control - A Review of the State of the Art (2002)

Abstract It could be argued today that oil companies would be better described as water companies. Total worldwide oil production averages some 75 million barrels per day (BOPD) and, while estimates vary, this is associated with the production of 300-400 million barrels of water per day (BWPD). These values of approximately 5-6 barrels of water for every barrel of oil are quite conservative. In the United States, where many fields are depleted, the ratio of water-to-oil production is closer to 9-to-1. In some areas around the world, fields remain on production when the ratio is as high as 50-to-1. Water production is always a harbinger of problems in an oil well. It can cause scaling problems in susceptible wells, induce fines migration or sandface failure, increase corrosion of tubulars, and kill wells by hydrostatic loading, amongst other things. Thus, while water production is an inevitable consequence of oil production, it is usually desirable to defer its onset, or its rise, for as long as possible. Numerous strategies, both mechanical and chemical, have been employed over the years in attempts to achieve this. Simple shut-off techniques, using cement, mechanical plugs and cross-linked gels have been widely used. More exotic concepts, like relative permeability modification (RPM), have also been applied with varying degrees of success. This paper reviews the traditional techniques and proposes some new methodologies and technologies that can be used in the design of RPM treatments, in particular. New insights offered in this paper have been gained from the design and analysis of various experimental treatments around the world. The paper includes several of these, as case histories, to support the concepts and conclusions.
On-Line Analysis of Gas-Phase Composition in the Combustion Chamber and Particle Emission Characteristics during Combustion of Wood and Waste in a Small Batch Reactor (2005)

The emission of particulate matter and gaseous compounds during combustion of wood and refuse-derived fuel in a small batch reactor is investigated by laser mass-spectrometric on-line measurement techniques for gas-phase analysis and simultaneous registration of physical aerosol properties (number size distribution). The gas-phase composition is addressed by a laser-based mass spectrometric method, namely, vacuum-UV single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VUV-SPI-TOFMS). Particle-size distributions are measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer. Furthermore, a photoelectric aerosol sensor is applied for detection of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The different phases of wood combustion are distinguishable by both the chemical profiles of gas-phase components (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH) and the particle-size distribution. Furthermore, short disturbances of the combustion process due to air supply shortages are investigated regarding their effect on particle-size distribution and gas-phase composition, respectively. It is shown that the combustion conditions strongly influence the particle-size distribution as well as on the emission of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
A machine learning approach to prior case retrieval (2001)

We describe a system that processes court opinions and retrieves related cases from a citator database, so that new cases can be linked to earlier ones that they impact. The design of the system combines information extraction, information retrieval and machine learning techniques in a novel way. The fully implemented program is capable of performing prior case retrieval at human levels of recall and acceptable levels of precision.
Enhancements of thermal conductivities with Cu, CuO, and carbon nanotube nanofluids and application of MWNT/water nanofluid on a water chiller system (2011)

In this study, enhancements of thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol, water, and synthetic engine oil in the presence of copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) are investigated using both physical mixing method (two-step method) and chemical reduction method (one-step method). The chemical reduction method is, however, used only for nanofluid containing Cu nanoparticle in water. The thermal conductivities of the nanofluids are measured by a modified transient hot wire method. Experimental results show that nanofluids with low concentration of Cu, CuO, or carbon nanotube (CNT) have considerably higher thermal conductivity than identical base liquids. For CuO-ethylene glycol suspensions at 5 vol.%, MWNT-ethylene glycol at 1 vol.%, MWNT-water at 1.5 vol.%, and MWNT-synthetic engine oil at 2 vol.%, thermal conductivity is enhanced by 22.4, 12.4, 17, and 30%, respectively. For Cu-water at 0.1 vol.%, thermal conductivity is increased by 23.8%. The thermal conductivity improvement for CuO and CNT nanofluids is approximately linear with the volume fraction. On the other hand, a strong dependence of thermal conductivity on the measured time is observed for Cu-water nanofluid. The system performance of a 10-RT water chiller (air conditioner) subject to MWNT/water nanofluid is experimentally investigated. The system is tested at the standard water chiller rating condition in the range of the flow rate from 60 to 140 L/min. In spite of the static measurement of thermal conductivity of nanofluid shows only 1.3% increase at room temperature relative to the base fluid at volume fraction of 0.001 (0.1 vol.%), it is observed that a 4.2% increase of cooling capacity and a small decrease of power consumption about 0.8% occur for the nanofluid system at a flow rate of 100 L/min. This result clearly indicates that the enhancement of cooling capacity is not just related to thermal conductivity alone. Dynamic effect, such as nanoparticle dispersion may effectively augment the system performance. It is also found that the dynamic dispersion is comparatively effective at lower flow rate regime, e.g., transition or laminar flow and becomes less effective at higher flow rate regime. Test results show that the coefficient of performance of the water chiller is increased by 5.15% relative to that without nanofluid.