gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human CD4+ T Cells Present Within the Microenvironment of Human Lung Tumors Are Mobilized by the Local and Sustained Release of IL-12 to Kill Tumors In Situ by Indirect Effects of IFN-γ (2003)

By implanting nondisrupted pieces of human lung tumor biopsy tissues into SCID mice, it has been possible to establish viable grafts of the tumor, as well as the tumor-associated microenvironment, including inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, and the extracellular matrix. Using this xenograft model, we have evaluated and characterized the effects of a local and sustained release of human rIL-12 (rhIL-12) from biodegradable microspheres. In response to rhIL-12, the human CD45+ inflammatory cells present within the xenograft mediate the suppression or the complete arrest of tumor growth in SCID mice. Analysis of the cellular events reveals that human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are induced by rhIL-12 to produce and secrete IFN-gamma. Serum levels of human IFN-gamma in mice bearing rhIL-12-treated tumor xenografts correlate directly with the degree of tumor suppression, while neutralizing Abs to human IFN-gamma abrogate the IL-12-mediated tumor suppression. Gene expression profiling of tumors responding to intratumoral rhIL-12 demonstrates an up-regulation of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-dependent genes not observed in control-treated tumors. Genes encoding a number of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines (and their receptors), adhesion molecules, activation markers, and the inducible NO synthase are up-regulated following the introduction of rhIL-12, while genes associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis are decreased in expression. NO contributes to the tumor killing because an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase prevents IL-12-induced tumor suppression. Cell depletion studies reveal that the IL-12-induced tumor suppression, IFN-gamma production, and the associated changes in gene expression are all dependent upon CD4+ T cells.
Intracellular Retention of Glycosylphosphatidyl Inositol-Linked Proteins in Caveolin-Deficient Cells (2002)

The relationship between glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-linked proteins and caveolins remains controversial. Here, we derived fibroblasts from Cav-1 null mouse embryos to study the behavior of GPI-linked proteins in the absence of caveolins. These cells lack morphological caveolae, do not express caveolin-1, and show a approximately 95% down-regulation in caveolin-2 expression; these cells also do not express caveolin-3, a muscle-specific caveolin family member. As such, these caveolin-deficient cells represent an ideal tool to study the role of caveolins in GPI-linked protein sorting. We show that in Cav-1 null cells GPI-linked proteins are preferentially retained in an intracellular compartment that we identify as the Golgi complex. This intracellular pool of GPI-linked proteins is not degraded and remains associated with intracellular lipid rafts as judged by its Triton insolubility. In contrast, GPI-linked proteins are transported to the plasma membrane in wild-type cells, as expected. Furthermore, recombinant expression of caveolin-1 or caveolin-3, but not caveolin-2, in Cav-1 null cells complements this phenotype and restores the cell surface expression of GPI-linked proteins. This is perhaps surprising, as GPI-linked proteins are confined to the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane, while caveolins are cytoplasmically oriented membrane proteins. As caveolin-1 normally undergoes palmitoylation on three cysteine residues (133, 143, and 156), we speculated that palmitoylation might mechanistically couple caveolin-1 to GPI-linked proteins. In support of this hypothesis, we show that palmitoylation of caveolin-1 on residues 143 and 156, but not residue 133, is required to restore cell surface expression of GPI-linked proteins in this complementation assay. We also show that another lipid raft-associated protein, c-Src, is retained intracellularly in Cav-1 null cells. Thus, Golgi-associated caveolins and caveola-like vesicles could represent part of the transport machinery that is necessary for efficiently moving lipid rafts and their associated proteins from the trans-Golgi to the plasma membrane. In further support of these findings, GPI-linked proteins were also retained intracellularly in tissue samples derived from Cav-1 null mice (i.e., lung endothelial and renal epithelial cells) and Cav-3 null mice (skeletal muscle fibers).
Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction — An Emerging Relation (2002)

sibility to the idea that the rash predisposes persons to zoster. 10 One could therefore postulate that it is preferable that children not acquire infection with wild-type VZV.The Oka or vaccine strain of VZV rarely causes rash and is associated with less zoster in children with leukemia than the natural infection. 9There are early indications that zoster may also occur less frequently after immunization of normal children. 2 The choice may be between living with latent wild-type VZV that is prone to give rise to zoster and postherpetic neuralgia and being immunized with the vaccine-type virus that is less likely to give rise to either of these.The obvious preference is for successful vaccination and avoidance of wild-type VZV infection.In the current report, the authors suggest that the number of primary vaccine failures in previous studies may have been obscured because persons with such failures were excluded from the analysis.The authors go on to comment reasonably that one cannot and should not make policy statements on the basis of a single outbreak and that it will be important to observe the experience of others.Still, this outbreak constitutes a warning signal.A second dose of varicella vaccine, given routinely, should decrease the number of children who have primary vaccine failure and might also prevent waning immunity, if it does indeed currently occur.The best way to protect children and adults from wild-type VZV might be to give everyone two doses of vaccine; however, formal studies will be required to determine whether this approach works, as well as the cost-benefit ratio.It is noteworthy that it took the routine administration of two doses of measles vaccine to children to control measles in the United States.The time for exploring the possibility of routinely administering two doses of varicella vaccine to children seems to have arrived.
Differential modulation of brain immediate early genes by intraperitoneal LiCl (1995)

We have used in situ hybridization to investigate the modulation of expression of the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-fos, fos-B, zif/268 and CREM in rat brain following oral administration of saccharin, i.p. injection of LiCl, and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training in which these stimuli are used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), respectively. Modulation of c-fos, zif/268 and CREM was detected in the NTS, PBN, hypothalamic PVN and central nucleus of the amygdala after the administration of the UCS but not the CS. Our data are consonant with the hypothesis that differential and combinatorial expression of IEGs plays a role in encoding the representation of LiCl-induced malaise in the brain.
Mid‐trimester fetal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood by fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization without enrichment of fetal cells (1995)

To determine the fetal sex on 30 women who were 16-20 weeks pregnant, about 100,000 maternal blood nucleated cells were analysed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a Y-chromosome-specific DNA probe. Cells with the hybridization signal were detected in 12 of the 30 women. All the 12 mothers gave birth to a male child. Of the other 18 women who had no Y-positive cells in the peripheral blood, 14 gave birth to a female child and four gave birth to a male child. These false-negative results probably occurred because the number of cells examined was inadequate. The data obtained in this study suggest that fetal sex determination using maternal peripheral blood with FISH is possible and that this diagnostic method will be clinically useful when more cells are analysed.
Design and Synthesis of Dynorphin A Analogues for the Modulation of Chronic Pain (2011)

The current study's finding was concluded with the fact that research is a valuable component of a well-rounded education and can enhance a pharmacist's skills. However, they need a combination of formal education and practical experience to pursue a profession in pharmacy.
Layered manganese oxides for water-oxidation: alkaline earth cations influence catalytic activity in a photosystem II-like fashion (2012)

In reaction sequences for light driven water-splitting into H2 and O2, water-oxidation is a crucial reaction step. In vivo, the process is catalysed within a photoenzyme called photosystem II (PSII) by a μ-oxido CaMn4 cluster, the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The OEC is known to be virtually inactive if Ca2+ is removed from its structure. Activity can be restored not only by the addition of Ca2+ but also Sr2+ ions. We have recently introduced layered calcium manganese oxides of the birnessite mineral family as functional synthetic model compounds for the OEC. Here, we present the syntheses of layered manganese oxides where we varied the interlayer cations, preparing a series of K-, Ca-, Sr- and Mg-containing birnessites. Structural motifs within these materials were determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showing that all materials have similar atomic structures despite their different elemental compositions. Water-oxidation experiments were carried out to elucidate structure-reactivity relations. These experiments demonstrated that the oxides—like the OEC—require the presence of calcium in their structures to reach maximum catalytic activity. As another similarity to the OEC, Sr2+ is the “second best choice” for the secondary cation. The results thus support mechanistic proposals which involve an important catalytic role for Ca2+ in biological water-oxidation. Additionally, they offer valuable hints for the development of synthetic, manganese-based water-oxidation catalysts for artificial photosynthesis.
Penicillin Sulfones (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPenicillin SulfonesD. A. Johnson, C. A. Panetta, and D. E. CooperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 7, 1927–1928Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01042a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01042a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Westinghouse high density microwave packaging program (2002)

The Westinghouse High Density Microwave Packaging (HDMP) Program investigates advanced packaging and interconnects for next generation Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESA's). Our teaming partners include TRW, IBM, and MCNC. The overall goal of the program is to develop appropriate designs, materials, and manufacturing processes that lead to the production of highly interconnected, very thin radar Transmit/Receive (T/R) modules with the following benefits (4:1 Cost Reduction, 10:1 Volume, Weight Reduction). Early on, interim demonstrations are planned to establish advanced packaging and interconnect processes of multiple T/R cell tiles. In the last two years of the program, these processes will be used to fabricate functional T/R cell hardware culminating with the delivery of 50 T/R cells. In this paper, the program objectives, schedule, and technologies are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Subcutaneous Administration of a Replication-Competent Adenovirus Expressing HSV-tk to Cotton Rats: Dissemination, Persistence, Shedding, and Pathogenicity (2002)

Since human adenoviruses replicate only in human cells, toxicology studies with adenoviral vectors are hampered by the lack of a permissive nonhuman host. Before a replication-competent adenoviral vector expressing HSV-tk (Ad.OW34) can be used in clinical studies for intratumoral injections in patients with cutaneous lesions of head and neck cancer or intralesional injection for in situ vaccination strategy in advanced metastatic melanoma patients, risks have to be estimated in animal studies. In an attempt to assess potential toxicology, dissemination, persistence and shedding, we injected Ad.OW34 subcutaneously into cotton rats. (Sigmodon hispidus), which are considered a semi-permissive host for human adenoviruses. The animals underwent one or two subcutaneous injection cycles with 2.3 x 10(12) viral particles/kg each or a single course with 6.9 x 10(13) viral particles/kg and were analyzed at defined time points for histopathological changes in the brain, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, ovaries, and skin. Additionally, these tissues as well as urine, feces, mouth, and skin swabs were analyzed at multiple time points by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the presence of vector sequences. The only significant treatment-related histopathologic finding was dermatitis with mild acanthosis at the site of vector injection. All other tissues evaluated were within normal limits or showed changes that were most likely incidental or spontaneous in nature. Vector sequences were detected in the skin at the injection site and to a lesser extent in the liver, spleen, and lungs. In addition, small amounts of vector DNA were detected in the ovaries. The vector sequences were rapidly cleared and the absence of viral sequences in the excreta and swabs of the majority of animals suggest that there was no significant replication of the vector in this host. The administration of Ad.OW34 was also associated with mild hyperamylasemia, lymphocytosis, and granulocytosis; however, we did not observe any clinical signs of illness or death in the experimental animals over the course of the study.
Digital audio radio-an application of audio compression technology (2002)

Signal compression is a key element in emerging technology for digital audio. AT&T Bell Laboratories algorithms for perceptual audio coding have provided the capability of compressing compact disc (CD) stereo audio at 1406 kbits/sec into rates approximating 128 kbits/sec. This capability has enabled the development of new applications in digital audio transmission and broadcasting. In the past few years, Digital Audio Broadcasting-having transmission formats ranging from terrestrial to cable, to satellite-has proven to be a powerful and timely technology through various tests. Many people view that Digital Audio Broadcasting is the logical progression in sound transmission for the next century. Digital Audio Broadcasting's fundamental promises include CD-quality sound and superior immunity to interference. A Digital Audio Broadcasting system also offers the potential of many new broadcast services, including both information transfer and messaging which can easily be implemented into digital technology. We describe an in-band adjacent channel (IBAC) Digital Audio Broadcasting system which was developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories, an ongoing process for creating a Digital Audio Broadcasting standard in the United States, and some preliminary laboratory test results of the AT&T IBAC system.
Miktoarm Block Copolymer Formation via Ionic Interactions (2003)

Blends of functionalized polystyrenes (3NPS) having three dimethylamino groups {N(CH3)2} at one end, with sulfonic acid end-capped polyisoprenes (HO3SPI) were prepared in a ratio of N(CH3)2/SO3H = 1. The morphology of these blends was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy and the associated dynamics by rheology. The results of the microdomain investigation, as well as of the associated dynamics, provide unambiguous evidence for controlled miktoarm star block copolymer formation via ionic interactions.
Combining Systems and Databases: A Search Engine Retrospective (2004)

Although a search engine manages a great deal of data and responds to queries, it is not accurately described as a “database” or DMBS. We believe that it represents the first of many application-specific data systems built by the systems community that must exploit the principles of databases without necessarily using the (current) database implementations. In this paper, we present how a search engine should have been designed in hindsight. Although much of the material has not been presented before, the contribution is not in the specific design, but rather in the combination of principles from the largely independent disciplines of “systems” and “databases.” Thus we present the design using the ideas and vocabulary of the database community as a model of how to design data-intensive systems. We then draw some conclusions about the application of database principles to other “out of the box” data-intensive systems.
New Insights Into the Regulation of γδ T Cells by BTN3A and Other BTN/BTNL in Tumor Immunity (2018)

Recent findings in the immunology field have pointed out the emergent role of butyrophilins/butyrophilin-like molecules (BTN/BTNL in human, Btn/Btnl in mouse) in the modulation of γδ T cells. As long as the field develops exponentially, new relationships between certain γδ T cell subsets, on one hand, and their BTN/BTNL counterparts mainly present on epithelial and tumor cells, on the other, are described in the scientific literature. Btnl1/Btnl6 in mice and BTNL3/BTNL8 in humans regulate the homing and maturation of Vγ7+ and Vγ4+ T cells to the gut epithelium. Similarly, Skint-1 has shown to shape the dendritic epidermal T cells repertoire and their activation levels in mice. We and others have identified BTN3A proteins are the key mediators of phosphoantigen sensing by human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Here, we first synthesize the modulation of specific γδ T cell subsets by related BTN/BTNL molecules, in human and mice. Then, we focus on the role of BTN3A in the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and we highlight the recent advances in the understanding of the expression, regulation, and function of BTN3A in tumor immunity. Hence, recent studies demonstrated that several signals induced by cancer cells or their microenvironment can regulate the expression of BTN3A. Moreover, antibodies targeting BTN3A have shown <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in human tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia or pancreatic cancer. We thus finally discuss how these findings could help develop novel γδ T cell-based immunotherapeutical approaches.
Use of synthetic peptides to locate neutralizing antigenic domains on the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (1991)

Chemical and enzymic cleavages of the F1 subunit of the fusion (F) protein of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus showed that the sequence 184-Gly to 314-Trp reacted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Twelve synthetic peptides covering a part of this sequence were analysed for their immunoreactivity with neutralizing MAbs and anti-RS virus rabbit serum. Two sequential antigenic domains corresponding to amino acids 200 to 225 and 255 to 278 were defined with anti-RS virus rabbit serum. The peptides 205-225 and 259-278, belonging to these antigenic domains, inhibited binding to the F protein and the neutralizing activity of the anti-RS virus rabbit serum. One MAb (RS-348) reacted with peptides containing amino acids 200 to 225. Moreover, the peptide 205-225 induced an anti-peptide rabbit serum neutralizing RS virus in vitro. These results indicate that the sequence from residues 200 to 225 was present in one of the immunodominant sites of the F protein.
Effect of Particle Size of Alfalfa Hay on Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield, and Ruminal Cell Wall of Dairy Cattle (1989)

Alfalfa hay was chopped in a tubgrinder containing screens with apertures of 31, 63, or 100 mm. The hays were fed with concentrate to lactating cows (Experiment 1) and without concentrate to nonlactating, fistulated cows (Experiment 2). The objective was to find effects of forage particle size upon intake, digestibility, milk yield, and ruminal cell wall. In Experiment 1, there were no significant effects of forage particle size upon forage or total DM intake, digestibility of NDF, cellulose, nitrogen retained, milk yield, or milk fat percent. Digestibility of DM, ADF, and protein increased as particle size decreased. In Experiment 2, forage DM intake was greater for the 63 than the 100-mm forage but digestibility of cell wall and DM were not different among treatments. Ruminal volume for the 31 and 63-mm forages was greater than the 100-mm forage. Ruminal DM and ruminal cell wall were greater for the 63-mm forage than the 100-mm forage, with the 31-mm forage in between. Increased volume, DM, and cell wall probably account for increased intake of the 63-mm forage. Chopping alfalfa to these three sizes had no particularly positive or negative effects on animal productivity.
The CMOS-MEMS 3-axis capacitive accelerometer to meet the commercial specifications (2016)

This study presents the world first post-CMOS 3-axis accelerometer to meet the commercial specifications using the 0.18μm standard CMOS process and one-step vapor HF post CMOS process. The novel pure-metal hollow springs and high stiffness proof-mass successfully resist the thermal deformation issues. Moreover, the special arrangement of out-of-plane spring, proof mass, and sensing electrodes of Z-axis accelerometer can further compensate the thermal deformation induced capacitance as common mode. The device has been batch fabricated on an 8-inch wafer and followed with standard LGA (Land-Grid-Array) package with a yield higher than 90%. Measurements in Table1 show the 3×3×1mm3 LGA packaged accelerometer chip meets current commercial products specifications.