gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Brain High-Energy Phosphate and Membrane Phospholipid Metabolism in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Schizophrenics (1991)

In this pilot study, membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism were studied in the dorsal prefrontal cortex of 11 drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenic patients and compared with those of 10 healthy control volunteers comparable in age, education, and parental education. The schizophrenic patients had significantly reduced levels of phosphomonoesters and inorganic orthophosphate and significantly increased levels of phosphodiesters and adenosine triphosphate compared with the controls. The levels of phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate did not differ in the two subject groups. The adenosine triphosphate and inorganic orthophosphate findings suggest functional hypoactivity of the dorsal prefrontal cortex. The phosphomonoester and phosphodiester findings are compatible with either premature aging or an exaggeration of normal programmed regressive events occurring in the neural systems sampled.
Issues in Space Radiation Protection (1995)

When shielding from cosmic heavy ions, one is faced with limited knowledge about the physical properties and biological responses of these radiations. Herein, the current status of space shielding technology and its impact on radiation health is discussed in terms of conventional protection practice and a test biological response model. The impact of biological response on optimum materials selection for cosmic ray shielding is presented in terms of the transmission characteristics of the shield material. Although liquid hydrogen is an optimum shield material, evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric structural materials must await improvement in our knowledge of both the biological response and the nuclear processes.
A Method-Based Tool Support for Rapid Software Development and Effective Process Management (2013)

A tool that supports rapid software development and effective process management is presented in this paper. The tool is designed in accordance with an integrated method that asks less design work for speeding software development and also, for effective management, directs the development of system components by imposing a layered specification and construction of these components through its process of development activities where Petri net techniques and Scrum features are imposed to support such management issues as progress monitoring and analysis. Since the tool supports a layered development of system components and the management of its development activities is featured in an integrated manner, team productivities can be greatly enhanced by intimate collaborations between development and management staff. For illustration, an example application is presented that directs the development of a software system with business-oriented services.
Decreased yield, phenotypic expression and function of immature monocyte‐derived dendritic cells in cord blood (2001)

Dendritic cells are critical for the induction of both primary immune responses and immunological tolerance, as well as for the regulation of T-helper 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) immune responses. As neonates are notably deficient in Th1 response and cord blood transplantation is noted to result in less graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), we compared the phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that favour Th1 development from cord blood and adult peripheral blood to understand the underlying mechanisms of these observations. Our results showed that: (1) after culture for 7 d with interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte--macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), cord blood monocytes generated less CD1a(+) cells than adult peripheral blood monocytes, and the CD1a+ cell percentage decreased thereafter; (2) compared with adult blood DCs, cord blood DCs had reduced intensity of expression of CD1a and MHC class II molecules, but the expression levels of CD11c and CD86 were similar; (3) the endocytotic ability of cord blood DCs was reduced compared with adult blood DCs, and this function was related to reduced mannose receptor (MR)-positive cells; (4) furthermore, the ability of cord blood DCs to stimulate CD3(+) T cells in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was significantly lower than that of adult blood DCs. These results suggested that the dysfunction of cord blood monocytes in differentiating into professional DCs will affect the activation of naive T cells, especially Th1 development, and may be related to the susceptibility to different infections in the neonates, as well as the lower incidence of GvHD in cord blood transplantation.
Syntheses of Trehazolin Derivatives and Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Trehazolin Derivatives and Evaluation as Glycosidase InhibitorsYoshiyuki Kobayashi, Masao Shiozaki, and Osamu AndoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2570–2580Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00113a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expanding the Toolbox for Label-Free Enzyme Assays: A Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complex/DNA Ensemble with Switchable Near-IR Emission (2019)

Switchable luminescent bioprobes whose emission can be turned on as a function of specific enzymatic activity are emerging as important tools in chemical biology. We report a promising platform for the development of label-free and continuous enzymatic assays in high-throughput mode based on the reversible solvent-induced self-assembly of a neutral dinuclear Pt(II) complex. To demonstrate the utility of this strategy, the switchable luminescence of a dinuclear Pt(II) complex was utilized in developing an experimentally simple, fast (10 min), low cost, and label-free turn-on luminescence assay for the endonuclease enzyme DNAse I. The complex displays a near-IR (NIR) aggregation-induced emission at 785 nm in aqueous solution that is completely quenched upon binding to G-quadruplex DNA from the human c-myc oncogene. Luminescence is restored upon DNA degradation elicited by exposure to DNAse I. Correlation between near-IR luminescence intensity and DNAse I concentration in human serum samples allows for fast and label-free detection of DNAse I down to 0.002 U/mL. The Pt(II) complex/DNA assembly is also effective for identification of DNAse I inhibitors, and assays can be performed in multiwell plates compatible with high-throughput screening. The combination of sensitivity, speed, convenience, and cost render this method superior to all other reported luminescence-based DNAse I assays. The versatile response of the Pt(II) complex to DNA structures promises broad potential applications in developing real-time and label-free assays for other nucleases as well as enzymes that regulate DNA topology.
Prostate contouring in MRI guided biopsy (2009)

With MRI possibly becoming a modality of choice for detection and staging of prostate cancer, fast and accurate outlining of the prostate is required in the volume of clinical interest. We present a semi-automatic algorithm that uses a priori knowledge of prostate shape to arrive at the final prostate contour. The contour of one slice is then used as initial estimate in the neighboring slices. Thus we propagate the contour in 3D through steps of refinement in each slice. The algorithm makes only minimum assumptions about the prostate shape. A statistical shape model of prostate contour in polar transform space is employed to narrow search space. Further, shape guidance is implicitly imposed by allowing only plausible edge orientations using template matching. The algorithm does not require region-homogeneity, discriminative edge force, or any particular edge profile. Likewise, it makes no assumption on the imaging coils and pulse sequences used and it is robust to the patient's pose (supine, prone, etc.). The contour method was validated using expert segmentation on clinical MRI data. We recorded a mean absolute distance of 2.0 ± 0.6 mm and dice similarity coefficient of 0.93 ± 0.3 in midsection. The algorithm takes about 1 second per slice.
Application of Dissolvable Layered Double Hydroxides As Sorbent in Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Extraction by Co-Precipitation for the Determination of Aromatic Acid Anions (2013)

Three types of magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides were synthesized and employed as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents to extract several aromatic acids (protocatechuic acid, mandelic acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid) from aqueous samples. An interesting feature of these sorbents is that they dissolve when the pH of the solution is lower than 4. Thus, the analyte elution step, as needed in conventional sorbent-based extraction, was obviated by dissolving the sorbent in acid after extraction and separation from the sample solution. The extract was then directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection system for analysis. In the key adsorption process, both dispersive SPE and co-precipitation extraction with the sorbents were conducted and experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, and extraction time were optimized. The results showed that both extraction methods provided low limits of detection (0.03-1.47 μg/L) and good linearity (r(2) > 0.9903). The optimized extraction conditions were applied to human urine and sports drink samples. This new and interesting extraction approach was demonstrated to be a fast and efficient procedure for the extraction of organic anions from aqueous samples.
'Pencigraphy' with AGC: joint parameter estimation in both domain and range of functions in same orbit of the projective-Wyckoff group (2002)

Consider a static scene and fixed center of projection, about which a camera is free to zoom, pan, tilt, and rotate about its optical axis. With an ideal camera, the resulting images are in the same orbit of the projective group-action, and each pixel of each image provides a measurement of a ray of light passing through a common point-in space. Unfortunately, most modern cameras have a built in automatic gain control (AGC), automatic shutter, or auto-iris, which, in many cases cannot be turned off. Many modern digitizers to which cameras are connected have their own AGC which also cannot be disabled. With AGC, the characteristic response function of the camera varies, making it impossible to accurately describe one image as a projective coordinate transformed version of another. This paper proposes not only a solution to this problem, but a means of turning AGC into an asset, so that even in cases where AGC could be disabled, pencigraphers of the future will be turning AGC on.
Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacterial Reverse Transcriptases (2014)

Much less is known about reverse transcriptases (RTs) in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes, with most prokaryotic enzymes still uncharacterized. Two surveys involving BLAST searches for RT genes in prokaryotic genomes revealed the presence of large numbers of diverse, uncharacterized RTs and RT-like sequences. Here, using consistent annotation across all sequenced bacterial species from GenBank and other sources via RAST, available from the PATRIC (Pathogenic Resource Integration Center) platform, we have compiled the data for currently annotated reverse transcriptases from completely sequenced bacterial genomes. RT sequences are broadly distributed across bacterial phyla, but green sulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria have the highest levels of RT sequence diversity (≤85% identity) per genome. By contrast, phylum Actinobacteria, for which a large number of genomes have been sequenced, was found to have a low RT sequence diversity. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bacterial RTs could be classified into 17 main groups: group II introns, retrons/retron-like RTs, diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs), Abi-like RTs, CRISPR-Cas-associated RTs, group II-like RTs (G2L), and 11 other groups of RTs of unknown function. Proteobacteria had the highest potential functional diversity, as they possessed most of the RT groups. Group II introns and DGRs were the most widely distributed RTs in bacterial phyla. Our results provide insights into bacterial RT phylogeny and the basis for an update of annotation systems based on sequence/domain homology.
Parasitic Slot Elements for Bandwidth Enhancement of Slotted Waveguide Antennas (2019)

The use of extra slots in a slotted waveguide array for improving the impedance bandwidth is investigated. This has not been widely studied previously, probably because the directive pattern is a primary parameter for the waveguide array and extra elements are prone to spoiling the control of the pattern. However, the pattern is not a primary design parameter for most mobile terminals, and here we seek a wide bandwidth for a smaller antenna than the traditional waveguide array, which is suitable for a mobile terminal. The extra slots can be viewed as parasitic elements, analogously to free-space thin wire parasitic, but the designs are not interchangeable with wire antennas. This is because the waveguide - both the internal and external structure - constrains the excitation of the slot elements in a different way to that of the wire antenna analogies. Simple-to-build designs are sought where the slot elements are on only one of the waveguide broad walls. The approach is experimental (simulation) which allows rapid and accurate evaluation of different configurations. We do not optimize a configuration because any optimal design will depend on the specific structure of the mobile terminal supporting the antenna. For the basic stand-alone waveguide, a -6dB impedance bandwidth of about ~30% is demonstrated using four slot elements in a short waveguide.
LED TV Screen Inspection using Deep Learning toward Machine Vision (2018)

For the purpose of implementation on the whole process of the industrial 4.0 era with respect to intelligent manufacturing of electronic enterprises, machine vision is introduced to complete the product defect detection, which is used to solve the diversity problem of deficiency on defects in the algorithm abilities, and further to improve the product quality and efficiency by the industrial robot in the automatic production process. First of all, the feature model is obtained through deep learning for the small sample defect dataset. Then the transfer learning method is applied to implement the detection of LED TV through the trained feature model, and the detected production is stored as a sample data to further adjust the model parameters by incremental learning method, and finally the FCNet (Fully Connected Neural Network) is used to complete the classification. Some optical screen detection technology for LED TV oriented machine vision is discussed, and the incremental learning model of the sample dataset is given as a continuous supplement. The full measurement and analysis of screen using depth learning algorithms for different detection targets and sizes are carried out. Experiments show that using the deep learning technology will further improve the accuracy of automatic detection, especially in the field of intelligent manufacturing using industrial robots, will enhance the flexibility and intelligence level of industrial production, and to expand the application of machine vision to provide demonstration.
SPOT: Scheduling Programs Optimally for Television (1998)

This paper introduces SPOT (Scheduling Programs Optimally for Television), an analytical model for optimal prime-time TV program scheduling. Due in part to the advent of new cable TV channels, the competition for viewer ratings has intensified substantially in recent years, and the revenues of the major networks have not kept pace with the costs of the programs. As profit margins decrease, the networks seek to improve their viewer ratings with innovative scheduling strategies. Our SPOT models for scheduling network programs combine predicted ratings for different combinations of prime-time schedules with a novel, mixed-integer, generalized network-based flow, mathematical programming model, which when solved provides an optimal schedule. In addition to historical performance, subjective inputs from actual network managers were used as input to the network flow optimization model. The optimization model is flexible. It can utilize the managers' input and maximize profit (instead of ratings) by considering not only the revenue potential but also the costs of the shows. Moreover, SPOT can describe the scheduling problem over any time period (e.g., day, week, month, season), and designate certain shows to, and restrict them from, given time slots. The methodology of SPOT is illustrated using data for the first quarter of 1990, obtained from a cable network. The optimization model produces solutions that would have generated an increase of approximately 2% in overall profitability, representing over $6 million annually for the cable network. SPOT not only produces more profitable TV schedules for this network, but also provides valuable general insights into the development of mixed programming strategies for improving future schedules.
The Compression of Bonded Rubber Disks (2004)

Abstract Compressive stress-strain measurements are reported for bonded disks of natural rubber having shape factors ( = d /4t , where d is the diameter and t the thickness) ranging from 0.87 to 12.95. The data are compared to various models for compressed rubber, utilizing the tensile and bulk moduli determined for this material. We find that for thin disks, the measured stiffness is less that the theoretical predictions by roughly a factor of two. A similar discrepancy was found previously, both for elastomers and semi-crystalline polymer films. However, for smaller aspect ratios, the difference between experiment and theory is less than the measurement error.
Piezocomposite actuator designs for an active underwater acoustic control system coating (1990)

The design and development of piezocomposites for use as the actuating device in an underwater acoustic control system coating will be discussed. Both flexible piezoceramic and 1–3 piezocomposite designs are explored as actuator candidates in the thin-walled polymer matrix encapsulant coating. The actuators will be presented in single layer form for the absorption of normally reflected acoustic pressure waves. A bilaminate design will be shown for the absorption of both the normally reflected and transmitted acoustic waves. Experimental measurements will be used for performance comparison of different composite and lamination designs.
Submicron Mechanically Planarized Shallow Trench Isolation With Field Shield (1991)

Submicron transistors and test structures have been fabricated using a mechanically planarized shallow trench isolation scheme which incorporates a poly-Si trench field shield.[1] The resulting devices have well-behaved transistors and excellent isolation characteristics on test structures with 0.6 μm isolation.
A Small, Thermostable, and Monofunctional Chorismate Mutase from the Archeon <i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> (1998)

The gene for chorismate mutase (CM) from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, an extreme thermophile, was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene, which belongs to the aroQ class of CMs, encodes a monofunctional enzyme (AroQf) able to complement the CM deficiency of an E. coli mutant strain. The purified protein follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics (kcat = 5.7 s-1 and Km = 41 microM at 30 degreesC) and displays pH-independent activity in the range of pH 5-9. Its activation parameters [Delta H = 16.2 kcal/mol, Delta S = -1. 7 cal/(mol.K)] are similar to those of another well characterized AroQ class CM, the mesophilic AroQp domain from E. coli. Like AroQp, the thermophilic CM is an alpha-helical dimer, but approximately 5 kcal/mol more stable than its mesophilic counterpart as judged from equilibrium denaturation studies. The possible origins of the thermostability of M. jannaschii AroQf, the smallest natural CM characterized to date, are discussed in light of available sequence and tertiary structural information.
Life Prediction of Composite Armor in an Unbonded Flexible Pipe (1997)

Composite materials are under consideration for the replacement of steel helical tendons in unbonded flexible pipes utilized by the offshore oil industry. Higher strength to weight ratios and increased corrosion resistance are the primary advantages of a composite material for this application. The current study focuses on the life prediction of a PPS/AS-4 carbon fiber composite proposed for the above employment. In order to accomplish this task, the properties of the material were experimentally characterized at varying temperatures, aging times and loadings. An analytic technique was developed to predict tensile rupture behavior from bend-compression rupture data. In comparison to tensile rupture tests, bend-compression rupture data collection are uncomplicated and efficient; thus, this technique effectively simplifies and accelerates the material characterization process. The service life model for the flexible pipe composite armor was constructed with MRLife, a well established performance simulation code for material systems developed by the Materials Response Group at Virginia Tech. In order to validate MRLife for the current material, experimental data are compared to life prediction results produced by the code. MRLife was then applied to predict the life of the flexible pipe composite armor in an ocean environment. This analysis takes into account the flexible pipe structure and the environmental and mechanical loading history of an ocean service location. Several parameter studies of a flexible pipe in a hypothetical environment were conducted. These analyses highlight certain loadings and conditions which are particularly detrimental to the life of the material.
POWER PLANTS MONITORING FOR REVERSE POWER FLOW EVALUATION (2010)

Power plant generators are important components of an electrical energy system. They should be constantly monitored and protected in order to maintain the quality and reliability of the power supply. Otherwise, generators may occur in case of faults or incorrect operation. One of them is reverse power condition. Reverse power flow can be cause important problems if it is not considered in the protection system design