gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (pfnhe-1) allele polymorphism and its usefulness as a marker of in vitro resistance to quinine (2012)

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the worldwide genetic polymorphism of ms4760 alleles of the pfnhe-1 gene and to discuss their usefulness as molecular marker of quinine resistance (QNR). A new numbering of ms4760 allele, classification grouping ms4760 alleles according to the number of DNNND and DDNHNDNHNND repeat motifs in blocks II and V was also proposed. A total of 1508 ms4760 sequences from isolates, culture-adapted parasites or reference strains from various geographical regions were retrieved from GenBank (last update on 15th June 2012) or from publications and were used for genetic analyses. The association of different alleles of pfnhe-1 with resistance to quinoline antimalarial drugs showed marked geographic disparities. The validity and reliability of candidate polymorphisms in pfnhe-1 gene as molecular markers of QNR appeared restricted to endemic areas from South Asia or possibly East African countries and needs to be confirmed.
Polonium: Tera-Scale Graph Mining for Malware Detection (2013)

We present Polonium, a scalable and e↵ective technology for detecting malware. We evaluated it with the largest anonymized file submissions dataset ever published, which spans over 60 terabytes of disk space. We formulated the problem of detecting malware as a large-scale graph mining and inference task, for which we construct a huge bipartite graph of almost 1 billion nodes from our data, 48 million of which are users, and 903 million are files. Edges, each denoting a file appearing on a machine, exceeds 37 billion. Our method for identifying malware is to locate files with low reputation. Our Polonium algorithm computes file reputation based on the fast and scalable Belief Propagation algorithm (O(|E|)), which iteratively improves inference quality. With one iteration, our method attained 85% true positive rate (in detecting malware). With more iterations, the true positive rate further improves for an additional 2%, which is a significant improvement given the baseline performance is already very good. We detail important design and implementation features of our method which enable its successful application on our dataset. We also present empirical observations on characteristics and patterns in our large billion-node graph.
Effect of a Nitric Oxide Donor on Intracellular Cytokine Production in Normal Human Peripheral Lymphocytes (1998)

It has been recently suggested that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in modulating immune responses including helper T (Th) cell differentiation. To investigate the effect of NO on cytokine production in T cells, we examined in vitro the percentage of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 producing cells by the intracellular cytokine staining method with flow cytometry. The percentage of IFN-γ and IL-4 producing cells reached maximal value 8 h after stimulation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. When an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), was co-incubated with PMA and ionomycin for 8 h, nitrite levels increased in a dose dependent manner for SNP (P = 0.007; Friedman test). The percentage of IFN-γ producing cells was diminished in consequence of the increasing doses of SNP (P = 0.002; Friedman test). While the percentage of IL-4 producing cells tended to be diminished by SNP, this difference, however, was statistically not significant (P = 0.062; Friedman test). Therefore, we have suggested that NO might affect Th cell differentiation through inhibition of Th1-cytokine production and might cause a Th2 cell predominant state.
Insertion mutation of the int-1 and int-2 loci by mouse mammary tumor virus in premalignant and malignant neoplasms from the GR mouse strain (1990)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced mammary adenocarcinomas can develop from several different premalignant precursors common in GR mice. Insertion mutagenesis of the mammary protooncogenes int-1 and int-2 was studied in this multistep system by analyzing samples from various stages of neoplastic development for novel int-1 and int-2 restriction fragments generated by MMTV provirus integration. int-1 and int-2 insertion mutations were observed in both premalignant lesions and malignant tumors. Some of the tumors with insertion mutations were experimentally derived from insertion mutation-free premalignant precursors. Each class of neoplasm examined had a characteristic frequency of int-1 and int-2 insertion mutations; however, no correspondence was observed between neoplasm morphology and mutation of either gene. These results indicate that insertion mutation of the int-1 and int-2 loci by MMTV provirus can be involved in the earliest identifiable stages of neoplastic development as well as during progression of premalignant lesions to tumors. Insertion mutation of int-1 and int-2 is therefore not stage specific in this system.
Cancer's Bulwark Against Immune Attack: MDS Cells (2008)

First noticed in the 1970s, myeloid-derived suppressor cells appear to play a key role in sustaining tumors; new methods of overcoming them are being tested.
Development of a new staging system for patients with recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (1998)

This staging system provides accurate estimates of prognosis, involves no new technology to implement, can aid both the patient and physician in planning treatment, and can be used in observational studies to assess the relative effectiveness of competing therapies.
Semiconductor activated terahertz metamaterials (2014)

Metamaterials have been developed as a new class of artificial effective media realizing many exotic phenomena and unique properties not normally found in nature. Metamaterials enable functionality through structure design, facilitating applications by addressing the severe material issues in the terahertz frequency range. Consequently, prototype functional terahertz devices have been demonstrated, including filters, antireflection coatings, perfect absorbers, polarization converters, and arbitrary wavefront shaping devices. Further integration of functional materials into metamaterial structures have enabled actively and dynamically switchable and frequency tunable terahertz metamaterials through the application of external stimuli. The enhanced light-matter interactions in active terahertz metamaterials may result in unprecedented control and manipulation of terahertz radiation, forming the foundation of many terahertz applications. In this paper, we review the progress during the past few years in this rapidly growing research field. We particularly focus on the design principles and realization of functionalities using single-layer and fewlayer terahertz planar metamaterials, and active terahertz metamaterials through the integration of semiconductors to achieve switchable and frequency-tunable response.
연구논문 : 호텔종업원의 적정인력 예측에 관한 연구 - G 호텔을 중심으로 - (1998)

This study is concerned with forecasting of manpower in the hotel industry. And the study analysis technique and nature about regression analysis and time-series method. Through analysis technique, it is calculated four fluctuation factor that is; long term trend movement, cyclical fluctuation, seasonal variation. As the result of these analysis technique, employers can decrease their costs and provide specialized services to customers. Until now people have agreed that the decrease of costs is up to the proper assignment of employees by the number of customers but the model which can forecast the number of customers of hotels as stall not developed. Therefore, in this theses, G hotel will be saved labor cost. I found this model was very effective to the management of human power.
Design of an axial flux permanent magnet wind power generator (1997)

Direct driven variable speed permanent magnet wind power generators (PMWG) have received an increasing amount of attention. The reason for this is the reduced cost of the produced electric power made possible by the elimination of the gearbox and by the use of variable speed increasing the energy capture. Traditionally the gearbox is required to increase the low rotational speed of the turbine (typically 20-40 rpm) up to a speed suitable for a common 4-pole generator (1500 rpm). The removal of the gearbox increases system availability and reduces its weight, losses and the need for maintenance. However, the low rotational speed calls for a generator with a very large number of poles. Furthermore, the generator must naturally be efficient and cost competitive. Due to the variable speed scheme a frequency converter is required to supply the power to a grid. The requirement of a large pole number can be met with permanent magnets which allow small pole pitch. A simple and effective generator structure is realized by the disc type axial flux configuration, the active parts of which are presented. The stator is a toroid wound from iron tape accommodating rectangular coils forming an air gap winding. Rotor discs with attached permanent magnets reside on both sides of the stator. In this paper optimum design based on minimizing the sum of investment and energy loss costs for a 100 kW prototype generator is searched. The investment costs cover only the cost of the active part material while the manufacturing and structural costs are assumed to be constant over the dimensional range studied.
Current status of <i>Azospirillum</i> inoculation technology: <i>Azospirillum</i> as a challenge for agriculture (1990)

The genus Azospirillum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of Azospirillum inoculation on plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inoculation effects on root development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Root colonization by Azospirillum . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proposed mode of action of Azospirillum on plant growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hormonal effects of Azospirillum on plants . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Improvement of root development, mineral uptake, and plant-water relationships by Azospirillum.. . . . . . . . . . . . Azospirillum nitrate reductase in plants . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specificity and variability in Azospirillum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interaction of Azospirillum with other soil-rhizosphere microflora . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Azospirillum as a competitor in the rhizosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interaction of Azospirillum with soil particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Genetics and immunology of Azospirillum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agrotechnical aspects: inoculants and interaction with pesticides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concluding remarks and future prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation and Clinical Activity of the Therapeutic SLAMF7 Antibody, Elotuzumab in Multiple Myeloma (2018)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow plasma cell neoplasm and is the second most-common hematologic malignancy. Despite advances in therapy, MM remains largely incurable. Elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7, which is highly expressed on myeloma cells, and the antibody is approved for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory (RR) MM in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Elotuzumab can stimulate robust antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16) on NK cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Interestingly, SLAMF7 is also expressed on cytolytic NK cells, which also express the requisite adaptor protein, EAT-2, to mediate activation signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that antibody crosslinking of SLAMF7 on human and mouse NK cells can stimulate EAT-2-dependent activation of PLCγ, ERK, and intracellular calcium mobilization. The binding of SLAMF7 by elotuzumab can directly induce signal transduction in human NK cells, including co-stimulation of the calcium signaling triggered through other surface receptors, such as NKp46 and NKG2D. In RRMM patients, elotuzumab monotherapy did not produce objective responses, but did enhance the activity of approved standard of care therapies, including lenalidomide or bortezomib, which are known to enhance anti-tumor responses by NK cells. Taken together, these preclinical results and accumulating experience in the clinic provide compelling evidence that the mechanism of action of elotuzumab in MM patients involves the activation of NK cells through both CD16-mediated ADCC and direct co-stimulation via engagement with SLAMF7, as well as promoting ADCP by macrophages. We review the current understanding of how elotuzumab utilizes multiple mechanisms to facilitate immune-mediated attack of myeloma cells, as well as outline goals for future research.
투자 및 육성지원이 지역내총생산에 미치는 영향에 관한 빅 데이터 실증분석 (2020)

본 연구는 빅데이터를 활용하여 투자 및 육성지원이 지역내총생산에 미치는 영향력을 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 지역내총생산(GRDP)은 각 지역의 생산규모·지출수준·소득수준·산업구조 등을 집약적으로 내포하고 있는 지수로써, 지역경제 분석 및 국가의 정책수립에 활용하는 중요한 자료이다. 국가의 주요 국정과제를 올바르게 수행하기 위해서는 지역경제를 정확히 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 하는데, 이로 인해 최근 지역내총생산에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 특히 해외투자는 투자유치국의 경제에 미치는 영향력이 상당하여, 이에 대한 많은 실증분석이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해외투자 및 국내육성지원이 지역내총생산에 미치는 영향력을 상관분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 전체적으로 투자와 지원이 지역내총생산에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출하였다.
Consumer Eye Movement Patterns on Yellow Pages Advertising (1997)

Abstract Process tracing data help researchers understand how yellow pages advertisement characteristics influence consumer information processing behavior. In a laboratory experiment eye movement data were collected while consumers chose businesses from telephone directories. Consumers scan listings in alphabetic order. Their scan is not exhaustive. As a result, some ads are never seen. Consumers noticed more than 93% of the quarter-page display ads but only 26% of the plain listings. They perceived color ads before ads without color, noticed more color ads than noncolor ads, and viewed color ads 21% longer than equivalent ads without color. Also, they viewed 42% more bold listings than plain listings. Consumers spent 54% more time viewing ads for businesses they ended up choosing, which demonstrates the importance of attention for subsequent choice behavior.
Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens (2008)

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementations of synbiotic and probiotic on broiler performance, carcass yield, organs weights, and histomorphological measurements of small intestine. Six hundred 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments for 5 wk. The dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) basal diets supplemented with synbiotic (1 kg of Biomin IMBO/ ton of the starter diets and 0.5 kg/ton of the grower diets), 3) basal diets supplemented with probiotic (1 kg of a homofermentative and a heterofermentative Lacto-bacillus sp./ton of feed). The BW, average daily weight gain, carcass yield percentage, and feed conversion rate were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the dietary inclusion of the synbiotic compared with the control and probiotic-fed broilers. Moreover, a slight improvement in performance traits was observed in broilers fed the probiotic compared with control birds. The absolute and relative weight of spleen and thymus tended to be greater (P < 0.1) for the probiotic-supplemented group compared with the synbiotic-supplemented group. The relative liver weight was greater (P < 0.05) for probiotic-fed birds compared with synbiotic-fed birds. Additionally, the weight of small intestine was greater for either probiotic- (3.17) or synbiotic-fed birds (3.11) than the controls (2.89). Furthermore, dietary treatments influenced the histomorphological measurements of small intestinal villi. The addition of either probiotic or synbiotic increased (P < 0.05) the villus height:crypt depth ratio and villus height in both duodenum and ileum. The duodenal crypt depth remained unaffected (P > 0.05). However, the ileal crypt depth was decreased by dietary supplementations compared with control. In conclusion, synbiotic or probiotic displayed a greater efficacy as growth promoters for broilers. Furthermore, the dietary supplementations resulted in an increase in the villus height and crypt depth of intestinal mucosa of broilers. The increase in the villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio was associated with improvement of growth performance for both synbiotic and probiotic. This indicates that the synbiotic and probiotic can be used as a growth promoter in broiler diets and can improve the gut health. These products show promising effects as alternatives for antibiotics as pressure to eliminate growth-promotant antibiotic use increases.
A web based covert file system (2007)

We present the idea of a web based covert file system, CovertFS. This file system allows a user to store files covertly on media sharing websites while guaranteeing confidentiality and plausible deniability regarding the existence of the files. Further, it allows for selective and covert sharing of these files with other users. CovertFS can be built on top of any web based media sharing service. The files are hidden within the media using steganographic techniques. The user can plausibly deny the existence of the covert file system since the existence of it cannot be proven. The media sharing service provider is oblivious to the existence of the file system within the stored media, providing them plausible deniability as well. Since the user files are completely hidden, it gives only the user complete control over his confidential files.
A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration (1998)

Phong-shaded 3D imagery does not provide geometric information of the same richness as human-drawn technical illustrations. A non-photorealistic lighting model is presented that attempts to narrow this gap. The model is based on practice in traditional technical illustration, where the lighting model uses both luminance and changes in hue to indicate surface orientation, reserving extreme lights and darks for edge lines and highlights. The lighting model allows shading to occur only in mid-tones so that edge lines and highlights remain visually prominent. In addition, we show how this lighting model is modified when portraying models of metal objects. These illustration methods give a clearer picture of shape, structure, and material composition than traditional computer graphics methods.
A system level memory power optimization technique using multiple supply and threshold voltages (2001)

A system level approach for a memory power reduction is proposed in this paper. The basic idea is allocating frequently executed object codes into a small subprogram memory and optimizing supply voltage and threshold voltage of the subprogram memory. Since large scale memory contains a lot of direct paths from power supply to round, power dissipation caused by subthreshold leakage current is more serious than dynamic power dissipation. Our approach optimizes the size of subprogram memory, supply voltage, and threshold voltage so as to minimize memory power dissipation including static power dissipation caused by leakage current. A heuristic algorithm which determines code allocation, supply voltage, and threshold voltage simultaneously so as to minimize power dissipation of memories is proposed as well. Our experiments with some benchmark programs demonstrate significant energy reductions up to 80% over a program memory which does not employ our approach.
Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Analysis of the Plant-Specific NAC Transcription Factor Family in Soybean During Development and Dehydration Stress (2011)

Plant-specific NAC transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in regulating diverse biological processes, including development, senescence, growth, cell division and responses to environmental stress stimuli. Within the soybean genome, we identified 152 full-length GmNAC TFs, including 11 membrane-bound members. In silico analysis of the GmNACs, together with their Arabidopsis and rice counterparts, revealed similar NAC architecture. Next, we explored the soybean Affymetrix array and Illumina transcriptome sequence data to analyse tissue-specific expression profiles of GmNAC genes. Phylogenetic analysis using stress-related NAC TFs from Arabidopsis and rice as seeding sequences identified 58 of the 152 GmNACs as putative stress-responsive genes, including eight previously reported dehydration-responsive GmNACs. We could design gene-specific primers for quantitative real-time PCR verification of 38 out of 50 newly predicted stress-related genes. Twenty-five and six GmNACs were found to be induced and repressed 2-fold or more, respectively, in soybean roots and/or shoots in response to dehydration. GmNAC085, whose amino acid sequence was 39%; identical to that of well-known SNAC1/ONAC2, was the most induced gene upon dehydration, showing 390-fold and 20-fold induction in shoots and roots, respectively. Our systematic analysis has identified excellent tissue-specific and/or dehydration-responsive candidate GmNAC genes for in-depth characterization and future development of improved drought-tolerant transgenic soybeans.
Normal Glenoid Size of the Korean in 7th and 8th Decades (2008)

We wanted to evaluate the normal glenoid size of Koreans in their 7th and 8th decades by conducting Computed tomographic (CT) studies.
The mechanosensitivity of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) (2003)

Physical forces are known to influence the synthesis, assembly and degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix. The expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was found to be sensitive to long term cyclic compression. Explants of calf articular cartilage as well as cylindrical alginate/chondrocyte constructs were subjected to uniaxial unconfined dynamic compression for 18 hours after which total mRNA was extracted from samples. COMP expression was assessed by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blot techniques. The COMP transcript was found to be significantly enriched upon compression in both experimental systems. Incubation with anti-beta1 integrin blocking antibodies abolished the mechanosensitivity of COMP expression. In addition, the presence of a fully developed pericellular matrix was shown to be a prerequisite for enhanced COMP expression with cyclic loading. Cell/matrix interactions are therefore one of the key events in mechanotransduction in chondrocytes.