gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The colony-to-cluster ratio in agar cultures of bone marrow. I. Constancy under standardized conditions and alteration in tumour-bearing mice and by various inhibitors added in vitro. (1987)

The growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC) from mouse bone marrow was studied in agar cultures in glass capillaries. Under standard conditions with normal bone marrow a specific total number of cell clones (colonies + clusters) and also a specific colony-to-cluster ratio (CClR) was found for each of 4 different mouse strains. Both parameters were studied in tumour-bearing mice and found to be influenced independently and, in part, in an opposite way. Thus, for bone marrow of mice with the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma an inhibition of clone formation was found whereas the growth of those clones still formed was stimulated (only colonies present). "Natural" inhibitors as present in uraemic serum added to the cultures decreased the number of clones without altering the CClR. The same is true for the inhibitors in CSF-containing endotoxin serum. On the other hand, inhibitors such as spermine or the synthetic 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine depressed the clone formation as well as the growth rate of the clones (relative increase of clusters and decrease of colonies). It is concluded that the sensitivity of the GM-CFC against various influences may differ from that of the cells in the clones they form; therefore, the determination of the CClR will provide a more refined interpretation of influences on the haematopoietic system.
Low-Temperature Plasma Probe (2014)

The low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe was developed as an ambient ionization source for direct chemical analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). The physical and chemical properties of the LTP, the designs of the LTP probes, characterization of their analytical performance, and their implementation for different applications are described in this chapter.
Purification of the pets Factor (1996)

The peri-ets (pets) site is a TG-rich element found immediately adjacent to two binding sites for the ets family member Elf-1 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) enhancer. Enhancer activation in response to T cell stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate, phytohemagglutinin, soluble or cross-linked antibodies to the T cell receptor, or antigen is mediated through this site in conjunction with its two adjacent Elf-1 binding sites, PuB1 and PuB2, and a kappaB site. Site-specific mutation of the pets element significantly reduces inducible activation of this enhancer but does not affect its transactivation by HIV-2 tat or other viral transactivators. Similar TG-rich sequences adjacent to ets-binding sites have also been found to be functionally important in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I and murine Moloney leukemia virus enhancers. As the cellular factor binding to the pets site plays a significant role in regulating the HIV-2 enhancer in both T cells and monocytes, we have purified this protein from bovine spleens and demonstrate that it is 43 kDa in size. In addition, using glycerol gradient centrifugation, Southwestern blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays employing purified protein eluted from a gel, and a new in solution UV cross-linking competitive assay, we show that the dominant protein binding to the pets site is 43 kDa in size. These results indicate that a nuclear protein of 43 kDa binds specifically to the pets site of the HIV-2 enhancer and may mediate transcriptional activation of this important human pathogen in response to T cell stimulation. As retroviruses generally expropriate important human regulatory proteins for their own use, the 43-kDa pets factor is also likely to play a significant role in signal transduction in T cells and in other cellular processes.
Modern chlor-alkali technology (1995)

Chlor-alkali the impact of economic and environmental pressures on the industry, M.G. Beal Our communications challenge, D.M. Nott Euro-chlor commitment to safe handling of chlorine, J. Yan Diest Focused risk management for chlorine installations, G. Purdy, M. Wasilewski Design aspects of loading and unloading systems which can mitigate or eliminate accidental chlorine release, J.W. Meison The safe use of steel and titanium in chlorine, P.C. Weston Process engineering aspects of chlorine cooling and drying, T.F. O'Brien, I.F. White New desulfation system for chlor-alkali plant, K. Saiki et al Ion exchange membrane plant safety anode side mixing of chlorine and hydrogen, R.E. Kucinski and H.M.B. Gerner Bubbles and Beer - electrochemical studies on chlorine evolving anodes, C. Dodd, D.R. Hodgson, L.M. Peter, A. Shingleton Mechanism of chlorine evolution on mixed oxides electrodes: effect of solution pH and surface morphology, S. Trasatti Theoretical interpretation of operating principle for diaphragms in the diaphragm electrolysis process, T. Jozwik PPG's tephram synthetic diaphragm circuit conversion, D. Dilmore, D. Dubois New developments in microporous diaphragm built-in precathode and asbestos-free diaphragm, F. Kuntzberger, D. Horbez, J.M. Perineau, J. Bachot The influence of diaphragm structure on the performance of a diaphragm chlorine cell, G. Nawrat et al Improved operation on diaphragm chlor-alkali cells by using zero-gap technology and results from industrial plants, D. Schlafer et al Global operating experience with ion exchange membranes in modern chlor-alkali cell technologies, H.M.B. Gerner and R.D. Theobald Advanced cell operation with Flemion membranes, M. Nakao and H. Miyake Improvement in the Hoechst-Uhde membrane cell, K. Schneiders and J. Shulze Development of the advanced bipolar membrane electrolyser (BiTAC), A. Hironaga et al The importance of electrolyte quality to membrane chlor-alkali cells: how to control various impurities, F.R. Minz Improvement of electolyzer and ion exchange membrane for high-efficiency chlorine and caustic soda production, H. Shiroki et al A simple procedure for evaluating membrane electrolyzer performance, K.L. Hardee Practical experiences on the conversion of mercury cells to membrane technology, B. Lott The Hydecat process - fit and forget technology for hypochlorite destruction, M. Denye et al Improved anode coatings for elevated temperature operation of sodium chlorate cells, A.P. Bacon et al Electrohydrolysis of sodium sulphate, A. D Martin and D.H. Mann Chloric acid - a new electrochemical product, K.E. Woodward Jr et al.
Proline Primed Helix Length as a Modulator of the Nuclear Receptor–Coactivator Interaction (2013)

Nuclear receptor binding to coactivator proteins is an obligate first step in the regulation of gene transcription. Nuclear receptors preferentially bind to an LXXLL peptide motif which is highly conserved throughout the 300 or so natural coactivator proteins. This knowledge has shaped current understanding of this fundamental protein-protein interaction, and continues to inspire the search for new drug therapies. However, sequence specificity beyond the LXXLL motif and the molecular functioning of flanking residues still requires urgent addressing. Here, ribosome display has been used to reassess the estrogen receptor for new and enlarged peptide recognition motifs, leading to the discovery of a potent and highly evolved PXLXXLLXXP binding consensus. Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography studies have provided the molecular insights on the role of the flanking prolines in priming the length of the α-helix and enabling optimal interactions of the α-helix dipole and its surrounding amino acids with the surface charge clamp and the receptor activation function 2. These findings represent new structural parameters for modulating the nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction based on linear sequences of proteinogenic amino acids and for the design of chemically modified inhibitors.
Dissociation between <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> epileptogenicity in a rat model of cortical dysplasia (2007)

Neocortical freeze lesions induced in newborn rat pups show histological characteristics reminiscent of human cortical dysplasia. Brain slices containing neocortical freeze lesions display hyperexcitability in vitro, but the same lesion does not appear to show spontaneous epileptogenicity in vivo.
Modulation of electroencephalographic responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation: evidence for changes in cortical excitability related to movement (2003)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) were used for the investigation of cortical excitability preceding voluntary movement in human subjects. The study showed the practical value of the combined TMS-EEG approach in differentiating between cortical and spinal-cord mechanisms, which is difficult with conventional electromyographic measures alone. TMS induced a pronounced negativity (N100) lasting for 150-200 ms, with the amplitude maximum in the stimulated hemisphere. When TMS was applied just before the onset of the visually triggered movement, N100 was markedly attenuated, although motor evoked potentials (MEPs) became larger. We suggest that the N100 component represents an inhibitory response following TMS. This interpretation is in agreement with intracellular recordings in animals, paired-pulse TMS studies and experiments showing increased premovement excitability on the basis of MEPs. N100 was not affected only by the subsequent movement, but also by the switching from rest to the motor-task condition, which caused a slight attenuation of the N100 component; no changes, however, were found in the amplitude of MEPs, suggesting that modified excitability did not affect the output of the corticospinal pyramidal cells. By contrast to MEPs, N100 was modulated also by the presentation of the visual stimulus alone, i.e. when no movement was required. This attenuation suggests that even in a rest condition visual stimuli have an access to the sensorimotor regions of the cortex, most probably through ascending arousal brain systems.
A full‐color TFT‐LCD with a polymer‐dispersed structure (1993)

Abstract— A direct‐view TFT‐LCD with a wide viewing angle, which uses a polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal panel and a pair of polarizers, is proposed. The device has a vertical viewing‐angle range of 120°, with a contrast ratio over 5:1 without display‐image reversal. This is about three times the twisted‐nematic display's viewing‐angle range.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Fluoro-2-aryloxazolo[5,4-<i>b</i>]pyridines as β-Amyloid PET Ligands and Identification of MK-3328 (2011)

5-Fluoro-2-aryloxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines were synthesized and investigated as potential (18)F containing β-amyloid PET ligands. In competition binding assays using human AD brain homogenates, compounds 14b, 16b, and 17b were identified as having favorable potency versus human β-amyloid plaque and were radiolabeled for further evaluation in in vitro binding and in vivo PET imaging experiments. These studies led to the identification of 17b (MK-3328) as a candidate PET ligand for the clinical assessment of β-amyloid plaque load.
Fire Retardant Halogen−Antimony−Clay Synergism in Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (2001)

Nanocomposites of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride with organically modified clays have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their combustion behavior has been evaluated using oxygen consumption cone calorimetry. Synergy is observed between the nanocomposite formed and conventional vapor phase fire retardants, such as the combination of decabromodiphenyloxide and antimony oxide. The presence of bromine and antimony does not affect the heat release rate curves of the virgin polymer.
VoC: a reconfigurable matrix for stereo vision processing (2006)

This paper presents a reconfigurable matrix VoC that can be applied to stereo vision computation. VoC accelerates block pixel matching by providing a highly parallel implementation of the sum of absolute differences metric. Reconfigurability allows VoC to deal with different block sizes, ranging from a single 7 /spl times/ 7 SAD computation to 9 simultaneous 5 /spl times/ 5 block computations. The pipelined version mapped to Xilinx FPGA could be simulated at 158 MHz, producing 1.42 billion matching per second.
gpUL73 (gN) genomic variants of human cytomegalovirus isolates are clustered into four distinct genotypes (2001)

Clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) show differences in tissue tropism, severity of clinical manifestations and ability to establish persistent or latent infections, characteristics that are thought to be related to genomic variation among strains. This work analysed the genomic variants of a new HCMV polymorphic locus, open reading frame (ORF) UL73. This ORF encodes the envelope glycoprotein gpUL73 (gN), which associates in a high molecular mass complex with its counterpart, gM, and induces a neutralizing antibody response in the host. Detailed sequence analysis of ORF UL73 and its gene product from clinical isolates and laboratory-adapted strains shows that this glycoprotein is highly polymorphic, in the N-terminal region in particular. gpUL73 hypervariability is not randomly distributed, but the identified genomic variants are clearly clustered into four distinct genotypes (gN-1, gN-2, gN-3 and gN-4), which are not associated with the gB subtype.
Regulation of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Invasion Genes by <i>csrA</i> (2000)

Penetration of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires the expression of invasion genes, found in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), that encode components of a type III secretion apparatus. These genes are controlled in a complex manner by regulators within SPI1, including HilA and InvF, and those outside SPI1, such as the two-component regulators PhoP/PhoQ and BarA/SirA. We report here that epithelial cell invasion requires the serovar Typhimurium homologue of Escherichia coli csrA, which encodes a regulator that alters the stability of specific mRNA targets. A deletion mutant of csrA was unable to efficiently invade cultured epithelial cells and showed reduced expression of four tested SPI1 genes, hilA, invF, sipC, and prgH. Overexpression of csrA from an induced araBAD promoter also negatively affected the expression of these genes, indicating that CsrA can act as both a positive and a negative regulator of SPI1 genes and suggesting that the bacterium must tightly control the level or activity of CsrA to achieve maximal invasion. We found that CsrA affected hilA, a regulator of the other three genes we tested, probably by controlling one or more genetic elements that regulate hilA. We also found that both the loss and the overexpression of csrA reduced the expression of two regulators of hilA, hilC and hilD, suggesting that csrA exerts its control of hilA through one or both of these regulators. We further found, however, that CsrA could affect the expression of both invF and sipC independent of its effects on hilA. One additional striking phenotype of the csrA mutant, not observed in a comparable E. coli mutant, was its slow growth. Phenotypic revertants that had normal growth rates, while maintaining the csrA mutation, were common. These suppressed strains, however, did not recover the ability to invade cultured cells, indicating that the csrA-mediated loss of invasion cannot be attributed simply to poor growth and that the growth and invasion deficits of the csrA mutant arise from effects of CsrA on different targets.
Negative ion beam technology for materials science (invited) (1992)

Negative-ion beams can be used in materials science, i.e., ion implantation and ion beam deposition, since various types of high current negative-ion sources have recently been developed. Two types of these the NIABNIS and rf sputter types, were developed by the present authors. There are major differences between negative- and positive-ion implantations with regard to beam transport (collisional cross sections with residual gas particles) and secondary electron emission factors, but little difference in the projected ranges of implanted ions. By using negative ions in ion beam deposition, the effects of the kinetic energy and number of atoms of an ion may be clarified because negative ions have much less reactivity resulting from their internal potential energy of electron affinity than do positive ions resulting from their ionization potential.
Application of EPC Standards and Mobile Networks Services to Enhance the Quality of Postal Service (2015)

Abstract This article deals with new technologies and methods to optimize the transport and delivery of postal mails. Introduction of this article defines the technologies and procedures that postal operators have started to use. The main part of the article describes specific implemented solutions of several postal operators and their benefits. The last part shows using of EPC standards in a processes chain. The conclusion of the article is devoted to the evaluation of these technologies and their potential in the area of postal sector.
Removal of Human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (hERG) K<sup>+</sup> Channel Affinity through Rigidity: A Case of Clofilium Analogues (2013)

Cardiotoxicity is a side effect that plagues modern drug design and is very often due to the off-target blockade of the human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel. To better understand the structural determinants of this blockade, we designed and synthesized a series of 40 derivatives of clofilium, a class III antiarrhythmic agent. These were evaluated in radioligand binding and patch-clamp assays to establish structure-affinity relationships (SAR) for this potassium channel. Efforts were especially focused on studying the influence of the structural rigidity and the nature of the linkers composing the clofilium scaffold. It was shown that introducing triple bonds and oxygen atoms in the n-butyl linker of the molecule greatly reduced affinity without significantly modifying the pKa of the essential basic nitrogen. These findings could prove useful in the first stages of drug discovery as a systematic way of reducing the risk of hERG K(+) channel blockade-induced cardiotoxicity.
Noise figure limitation in ytterbium-codoped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped at 1064 nm (1996)

Summary form only given. Erbium/ytterbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers (EYDFAs) are attractive because they convert the power available in 1064-nm neodymium-doped sources to 1550 nm. In many potential applications such as CATV, LAN, and WDM systems, an excellent noise figure (NF) is required. In 980-nm pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), a 3-dB NF can be achieved. We show this is not always true in 1064-nm pumped EYDFAs.
Understanding and Exploiting Object Interaction Landscapes (2017)

Interactions play a key role in understanding objects and scenes for both virtual and real-world agents. We introduce a new general representation for proximal interactions among physical objects that is agnostic to the type of objects or interaction involved. The representation is based on tracking particles on one of the participating objects and then observing them with sensors appropriately placed in the interaction volume or on the interaction surfaces. We show how to factorize these interaction descriptors and project them into a particular participating object so as to obtain a new functional descriptor for that object, its interaction landscape , capturing its observed use in a spatiotemporal framework. Interaction landscapes are independent of the particular interaction and capture subtle dynamic effects in how objects move and behave when in functional use. Our method relates objects based on their function, establishes correspondences between shapes based on functional key points and regions, and retrieves peer and partner objects with respect to an interaction.
Productivity and water use efficiency of<i>Agave americana</i>in the first field trial as bioenergy feedstock on arid lands (2015)

Abstract Agave species are high‐yielding crassulacean acid metabolism ( CAM ) plants, some of which are grown commercially and recognized as potential bioenergy species for dry regions of the world. This study is the first field trial of Agave species for bioenergy in the United States, and was established to compare the production of Agave americana with the production of Agave tequilana and Agave fourcroydes , which are produced commercially in Mexico for tequila and fiber. The field trial included four experimental irrigation levels to test the response of biomass production to water inputs. After 3 years, annual production of healthy A. americana plants reached 9.3 Mg dry mass ha −1 yr −1 (including pup mass) with 530 mm of annual water inputs, including both rainfall and irrigation. Yields in the most arid conditions tested (300 mm yr −1 water input) were 2.0–4.0 Mg dry mass ha −1 yr −1 . Agave tequilana and Agave fourcroydes were severely damaged by cold in the first winter, and produced maximum yields of only 0.04 Mg ha −1 yr −1 and 0.26 Mg ha −1 yr −1 , respectively. The agave snout weevil ( Scyphophorus acupunctatus ) emerged as an important challenge for A. americana cropping, killing a greater number of plants in the higher irrigation treatments. Physiological differences in A. americana plants across irrigation treatments were most evident in the warmest season, with gas exchange beginning up to 3 h earlier and water use efficiency declining in treatments with the greatest water input (780 mm yr −1 water input). Yields were lower than previous projections for Agave species, but results from this study suggest that A. americana has potential as a bioenergy crop and would have substantially reduced irrigation requirements relative to conventional crops in the southwestern USA . Challenges for pest management and harvesting must still be addressed before an efficient production system that uses Agave can be realized.
Zorilla: a peer‐to‐peer middleware for real‐world distributed systems (2011)

Abstract The inherent complex nature of current distributed computing architectures hinders the widespread adoption of these systems for mainstream use. In general, users have access to a highly heterogeneous set of compute resources, which may include clusters, grids, desktop grids, clouds, and other compute platforms. This heterogeneity is especially problematic when running parallel and distributed applications. Software is needed which easily combines as many resources as possible into one coherent computing platform. In this paper, we introduce Zorilla: peer‐to‐peer (P2P) middleware that creates a single distributed environment from any available set of compute resources. Zorilla imposes minimal requirements on the resource used, is platform independent, and does not rely on central components. In addition to providing functionality on bare resources, Zorilla can exploit locally available middleware. Zorilla explicitly supports distributed and parallel applications, and allows resources from multiple sites to cooperate in a single computation. Zorilla makes extensive use of both virtualization and P2P techniques. We will demonstrate how virtualization and P2P combine into a simple design, while enhancing functionality and ease of use. Together, these techniques bring our goal a step closer: transparent, easy use of resources, even on very heterogeneous distributed systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.