gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a monoclonal antibody to detect elevated levels of a modified nucleoside, N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine, in the urine of breast cancer patients. (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies to the modified nucleoside N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine (t6A) have been produced and characterized. These antibodies were utilized in a radioimmunoassay to quantitate the levels of this modified nucleoside in the urine of patients with benign breast disease, primary breast cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Eighty-nine % (16 of 18) of patients with metastatic breast cancer excreted higher quantities of t6A than did patients with benign breast disease or primary breast cancer. This modified nucleoside represents a new, potential marker not previously included in similar studies using high-performance liquid chromatography. The immunoassay approach for quantitating this nucleoside has the advantage over high-performance liquid chromatography in that the former is more compatible with a clinical laboratory setting, and it does not require pretreatment of the urine or sophisticated analytical equipment. The elevation of t6A levels in metastatic breast cancer patients indicates that it may be a more sensitive marker than previously studied modified nucleosides. Furthermore, t6A might be particularly useful for monitoring transition to the metastatic stage in patients already diagnosed as having breast cancer.
Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers (2018)

Carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibers (CNT-g-CFs) were prepared continuously, spool to spool, via thermal CVD. The application of an in-situ potential difference (300 V), between the fibers and a cylindrical graphite foil counter electrode, enhanced the growth, producing a uniform coverage of carbon nanotubes with diameter ca. 10 nm and length ca. 125 nm. Single fiber tensile tests show that this approach avoids the significant reduction of the underlying carbon fiber strengths, which is usually associated with CVD grafting processes. Single fiber fragmentation tests in epoxy, with in-situ video fragment detection, demonstrated that the CNT-g-CFs have the highest interfacial shear strength reported for such systems (101 ± 5 MPa), comparable to state-of-the-art sizing controls (103 ± 8 MPa). Single fiber pull-out data show similar trends. The short length of the grafted CNTs is particularly attractive for retaining the volume fraction of the primary fibers in composite applications. The results are compared with a short review of the interfacial data available for related systems.
Civil Forfeiture in the Second Circuit (2012)

In 1930, eleven years before he was appointed to the Second Circuit, Jerome Frank, with characteristic brashness, wrote, "in a sense, all legal rules, principles, precepts, concepts, standards-all generalized statements of law-are fictions." 1 Perhaps no area of the law embodies more legal fictions-and better illustrates their use and misuse-than does civil forfeiture.Premised on one overt fiction, and driven by another, unacknowledged fiction, civil forfeiture has at times led to results that are unfair and oppressive.Since this unfairness stems from the unscrutinized, combined use of these legal fictions, civil forfeiture warns of the dangers that accompany the indiscriminate use of unexamined legal fictions.Civil forfeiture's overt fiction is, in Justice Harlan's words, that "inanimate objects themselves can be guilty of wrongdoing."'2 Historically, a civil forfeiture was brought against an object, formerly known as a "deodand," which (so the fiction goes) had committed some wrong; it was believed that the wrong could only be expiated through the destruction of the object itself.Legal histori-
Near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring water permeability of optical coatings on plastics (1997)

Near-infrared spectroscopy has been applied to determine the water content of plastic lenses. An analytical method is presented for monitoring the water permeability of thin layers on plastic optics by utilizing the reversible moisture absorption of organic polymers. As an example, scratch-resistant and antireflective layers on poly[diethylenglycol-bis(allylcarbonate)] lenses are investigated. The measurements demonstrate the relatively high water barrier of coatings deposited by plasma-ion-assisted deposition compared with classical physical vapor deposition coatings and polysiloxane dip coatings.
A Successful Methanol Treatment in a Gas-Condensate Reservoir: Field Application (2003)

Abstract A field test was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of methanol as a solvent for removing condensate banks that form when pressure in the near wellbore region falls below the dewpoint. Core flood experiments on Texas Cream Limestone and Berea cores show that condensate accumulation can cause a severe decline in gas relative permeability, especially in the presence of high water saturation. This can result in well productivity declining by a factor of 3 to 5 as bottom hole pressure declines below the dewpoint. PVT analysis performed on field samples taken from the Hatter's Pond field in Alabama indicate retrograde condensate behavior. These high-temperature deep gas wells show low gas productivity and large skin. A preliminary analysis of the data indicated the possibility of condensate and water blocking due to the loss of water-based drilling fluids. Core samples were used to measure gas relative permeability. Compatibility tests were conducted to ensure that the injection of filtrate and methanol did not cause any damage to the core. Since the formation brine is very saline, tests were conducted to check for salt precipitation during methanol injection. Based on these laboratory results and a single-well numerical simulation, a field test was conducted. The well chosen for treatment was producing 250 MSCFPD with 87 BPD of condensate. A thousand barrels of methanol was pumped down the tubing at a rate of 5 to 8 B/min. Gas production increased by a factor of 3 initially and stabilized at about 500 MSCFPD. Condensate production doubled to 157 BPD. The well shows a skin of –1.9 after methanol treatment. The increase in gas and condensate production was observed to persist more than 10 months after the treatment. Several possible explanations are provided for the positive results obtained in this test. Some general conclusions are made for the design for future treatments.
Rydberg blockade, Förster resonances, and quantum state measurements with different atomic species (2015)

We calculate interspecies Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strengths for the heavy alkali metals Rb and Cs. The presence of strong F\"orster resonances makes interspecies coupling a promising approach for long-range entanglement generation. We also provide an overview of the strongest F\"orster resonances for Rb-Rb and Cs-Cs using different principal quantum numbers for the two atoms. We show how interspecies coupling can be used for high fidelity quantum nondemolition state measurements with low cross-talk in qubit arrays.
Bioinspired Three-Dimensional Human Neuromuscular Junction Development in Suspended Hydrogel Arrays (2018)

The physical connection between motoneurons and skeletal muscle targets is responsible for the creation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which allow electrical signals to be translated to mechanical work. NMJ pathology contributes to the spectrum of neuromuscular, motoneuron, and dystrophic disease. Improving in vitro tools that allow for recapitulation of the physiology of the neuromuscular connection will enable researchers to better understand the development and maturation of NMJs, and will help to decipher mechanisms leading to NMJ degeneration. In this work, we first describe robust differentiation of bungarotoxin-positive human myotubes, as well as a reproducible method for encapsulating and aligning human myoblasts in three-dimensional (3D) suspended culture using bioprinted silk fibroin cantilevers as cell culture supports. Further analysis with coculture of motoneuron-like cells demonstrates feasibility of fully human coculture using two-dimensional and 2.5-dimensional culture methods, with appropriate differentiation of both cell types. Using these coculture differentiation conditions with motoneuron-like cells added to monocultures of 3D suspended human myotubes, we then demonstrate synaptic colocalization in coculture as well as acetylcholine and glutamic acid stimulation of human myocytes. This method represents a unique platform to coculture suspended human myoblast-seeded 3D hydrogels with integrated motoneuron-like cells derived from human induced neural stem cells. The platform described is fully customizable using 3D freeform printing into standard laboratory tissue culture materials, and allows for human myoblast alignment in 3D with precise motoneuron integration into preformed myotubes. The coculture method will ideally be useful in observation and analysis of neurite outgrowth and myogenic differentiation in 3D with quantification of several parameters of muscle innervation and function.
Investigation of molecular motion of proteoglycans in cartilage by 13C magnetic resonance. (1977)

13C nmr spectral parameters were measured for intact bovine nasal cartilage tissue, the purified proteoglycan aggregate, and chondroitin 4-sulfate. A comparison of integrated intensities obtained for four different samples of fresh tissue with an ethylene glycol standard indicated that at least 80% of the total glycosaminoglycan carbons in the tissue contributed to the spectrum. This result was confirmed by intensity measurements obtained at 56 degrees on fresh tissue and at 37 degrees after extensive papain digestion of fresh tissue. Spin lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements were analyzed in terms of the following models of molecular motion: (a) single correlation time; (b) log X2 distribution of correlation times; and (c) anisotropic motion. The analysis indicates that the segmental motions of glycosaminoglycan chains are characterized by a broad distribution of correlation times centered at about 50 ns. Slow motion contributions to glycosaminoglycan line widths were reduced by dipolar decoupling (gammaH2/2pi = 65 kHz). Collagen intensity was observed in dipolar decoupled spectra, but not in scalar decoupled spectra of intact tissue, showing that the type II collagen in cartilage undergoes anisotropic motion like the type I collagen in tendon. Only glycosaminoglycan resonances were observed in spectra of a solution of proteoglycan aggregate before and after chondroitinase digestion. After subsequent digestion with papain, protein resonances were observed. These results suggest that the protein portions of the proteoglycan aggregate structure, in contrast with the glycosaminoglycan chains, have restricted backbone mobility and consequently a defined backbone structure.
Nomenclature for the C60-Ih and C70-D5h(6) fullerenes (IUPAC Recommendations 2002) (2002)

Abstract Fullerenes are a new allotrope of carbon characterized by a closed-cage structure consisting of an even number of three-coordinate carbon atoms devoid of hydrogen atoms. This class was originally limited to closed-cage structures with 12 isolated five-membered rings, the rest being six-membered rings. Although it was recognized that existing organic ring nomenclature could be used for these structures, the resulting names would be extremely unwieldy and inconvenient for use. At the same time it was also recognized that established organic nomenclature principles could be used, or adapted, to provide a consistent nomenclature for this unique class of compounds based on the class name fullerene. However, it was necessary to develop an entirely new method for uniquely numbering closed-cage systems. This paper describes IUPAC recommendations for naming and uniquely numbering the two most common fullerenes with isolated pentagons, the icosahedral C 60 fullerene and a D 5h -C 70 fullerene. It also describes recommendations for adapting organic nomenclature principles for naming fullerenes with nonclosed-cage structures, heterofullerenes, derivatives formed by substitution of hydrofullerenes, and the fusion of organic rings or ring systems to the fullerene cage. Finally, this paper suggests methods for describing structures consisting of two or more fullerene units and for denoting configurations of chiral fullerenes and their derivatives.
The cyclone converter furnace (1993)

The cyclone converter furnace (CCF) is a smelting reduction process developed by Hoogovens, British Steel and Ilva/CSM. The CCF consists of two process steps integrated in one reactor, pre-reduction and melting of ore in a cyclone and final reduction in a metal/slag bath. In the first phase of the CCF research programme, 1989 to 1992, the feasibility of the CCF process has been demonstrated by pilot plant experiments.
Thermal reaction of a ruthenium bis(silyl) complex having a lutidine-based Si,N,Si ligand: formation of a μ-silyl(μ-silylene) diruthenium complex involving a 3c–2e Ru–Si–C interaction (2010)

Thermal reaction of a bis(silyl) complex Ru{kappa(3)Si,Si,N-2,6-(Me(2)SiCH(2))(2)C(5)H(3)N}(CO)(3) in refluxing toluene gave a dinuclear ruthenium complex Ru(2)(mu-SiMe(2))[(Me(2)SiCH(2))C(5)H(3)N{CH(2)Si(Me)CH(2)}C(5)H(3)N(CH(2)SiMe(3))](CO)(4), which has a 3c-2e Ru-Si-C interaction.
Kinetics and mechanism of isobutene formation from <i>T</i>‐butanol in hot liquid water (1994)

Abstract Isobutene is the only product of the uncatalyzed and acid‐catalyzed dehydration of tert‐butanol in compressed liquid water at 250°C. The uncatalyzed dehydration reaction is fast: equilibrium is established after about 30 s. Only one of many chemically‐motivated kinetic models is able to fit all the experimental data. This model presumes a heterolytic dehydration mechanism that involves protonated alcohol, carbocation, di‐tert‐butyl ether, and protonated ether as intermediates. The model permits tert‐butanol to dissociate as both an Arrhenius acid and a Bronsted acid while catalyzing its dehydration to isobutene. The pK a of tert‐butanol at 250°C is predicted to be about 9, whereas its value at normal temperature and pressure is 18. This 10 9 increase in the K a value of tert‐butanol hints of the promising new world of reaction chemistry in near‐ and supercritical water.
Inhibition of nucleolar reformation after microinjection of antibodies to RNA polymerase I into mitotic cells. (1987)

The formation of daughter nuclei and the reformation of nucleolar structures was studied after microinjection of antibodies to RNA polymerase I into dividing cultured cells (PtK2). The fate of several nucleolar proteins representing the three main structural subcomponents of the nucleolus was examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The results show that the RNA polymerase I antibodies do not interfere with normal mitotic progression or the early steps of nucleologenesis, i.e., the aggregation of nucleolar material into prenucleolar bodies. However, they inhibit the telophasic coalescence of the prenucleolar bodies into the chromosomal nucleolar organizer regions, thus preventing the formation of new nucleoli. These prenucleolar bodies show a fibrillar organization that also compositionally resembles the dense fibrillar component of interphase nucleoli. We conclude that during normal nucleologenesis the dense fibrillar component forms from preformed entities around nucleolar organizer regions, and that this association seems to be dependent on the presence of an active form of RNA polymerase I.
<i>Faith in Law: Essays in Legal Theory</i>. Edited by P<scp>ETER</scp> O<scp>LIVER</scp>, S<scp>IONAIDH</scp> D<scp>OUGLAS</scp> S<scp>COTT</scp> and V<scp>ICTOR</scp> T<scp>ADROS</scp>. [Oxford: Hart Publishing. 2000. vii, 149 and (Index) 3 pp. Hardback £25.00. ISBN 1-901362-95-7.] (2001)

Faith in Law: Essays in Legal Theory. Edited by Peter Oliver, Sionaidh Douglas Scott and Victor Tadros. [Oxford: Hart Publishing. 2000. vii, 149 and (Index) 3 pp. Hardback £25.00. ISBN 1–901362–95–7.] - Volume 60 Issue 1
Neuropsychology of schizophrenia: What are the implications of intellectual and experimental abnormalities for the neurobiology of schizophrenia? (1996)

The diagnosis of schizophrenia is largely based on reports of bizarre experiences such as having alien thoughts inserted into one's mind. Many patients with this diagnosis show a marked intellectual decline and particular problems with tasks involving certain kinds of memory or requiring mental flexibility. Similar patterns of performance can be seen in patients with damage in the prefrontal cortex. However, patients with schizophrenia show a very varied pattern of impairments relating to their current mental state. Chronic patients with negative features, such as poverty of speech, are most likely to show poor test performance, while the presence of severe hallucinations and delusions need not be associated with any impairment. A cognitive approach suggests that hallucinations and delusions result from the patient attributing his own actions to an external agency. This error is due to an inability to distinguish between external events and perceptual changes caused by his own actions. The basis of this failure could be a functional disconnection between frontal brain areas concerned with action and posterior areas concerned with perception.
Supplementation of Corn–Soy-Based Diets with an Eschericia coli-Derived Phytase: Effects on Broiler Chick Performance and the Digestibility of Amino Acids and Metabolizability of Minerals and Energy (2006)

The effect of the supplementation of diets containing low available P concentrations with low and supra-activities of an Eschericia coli 6-phytase was assessed using growing broiler chicks. A total of 384 female Ross broiler chicks were weighed at d 1 of life and assigned to 1 of 8 experimental treatments. There were 12 replicate cages with 4 chicks per cage, and the diets were fed from d 1 of life for a period of 16 d. A positive control diet (5 g/kg of available P) and a negative control diet (3 g/kg of available P) were used, and 6 more diets were manufactured by supplementing the negative control diet with 150, 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, and 24,000 U/kg of exogenous phytase. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratios were determined, as were nutrient digestibility coefficients and toe ash values. Birds fed the negative control diet had lower (P < 0.05) weight gains than those fed the positive control diet. The addition of exogenous phytase above 150 U/kg improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, toe ash percentage, and nutrient utilization of the birds fed the negative control diet. Furthermore, the 24,000 U/kg of diet improved (P < 0.05) toe ash percentage and the utilization of several nutrients beyond that of the lower doses of phytase. It can be concluded that the supplementation of diets containing 3 g/kg of available P with exogenous phytase can improve the performance of chicks to that of birds fed a diet containing 5 g/kg of available P. In addition, the use of high doses of phytase (> 1,000 U/kg of diet) can improve nutrient availability in poultry diets beyond that of diets containing lower (< 1,000 U/kg) phytase activities. These results may be mediated partially by reduced endogenous loss as well as an increase in the availability of dietary nutrients as indicated by improvements in digestibility coefficients.
Application of Resonant Matching Circuits for Simultaneously Enhancing the Bandwidths of Multi-band Mobile Phones (2007)

It has become a more and more challenging problem for antenna designers to guarantee a certain bandwidth for multi-band mobile phones, as the volumes of the terminals decrease and the operational bandwidths to cover are more and more numerous. Adding low loss resonators is a well-known technique for increasing the bandwidth in a given frequency band. In this article, it is shown that such reactive matching circuits may generally allow to enhance multiple non-contiguous bandwidths simultaneously without using any kind of switch. This point is illustrated thanks to microwave simulations, performed on a tri-band commercial mobile phone. Furthermore, a specific matching network is experimentally implemented on this phone, which allows to confirm the simulation results.
PLDA in the i-supervector space for text-independent speaker verification (2014)

Abstract In this paper, we advocate the use of the uncompressed form of i-vector and depend on subspace modeling using probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) in handling the speaker and session (or channel) variability. An i-vector is a low-dimensional vector containing both speaker and channel information acquired from a speech segment. When PLDA is used on an i-vector, dimension reduction is performed twice: first in the i-vector extraction process and second in the PLDA model. Keeping the full dimensionality of the i-vector in the i-supervector space for PLDA modeling and scoring would avoid unnecessary loss of information. We refer to the uncompressed i-vector as the i-supervector. The drawback in using the i-supervector with PLDA is the inversion of large matrices in the estimation of the full posterior distribution, which we show can be solved rather efficiently by portioning large matrices into smaller blocks. We also introduce the Gaussianized rank-norm, as an alternative to whitening, for feature normalization prior to PLDA modeling. We found that the i-supervector performs better during normalization. A better performance is obtained by combining the i-supervector and i-vector at the score level. Furthermore, we also analyze the computational complexity of the i-supervector system, compared with that of the i-vector, at four different stages of loading matrix estimation, posterior extraction, PLDA modeling, and PLDA scoring.
Rapid Antigen Testing Compares Favorably with Transcription-Mediated Amplification Assay for the Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Young Women (2007)

Wet mount alone is insufficient for the reliable diagnosis of TV infection in women. TMA and rapid antigen tests are highly sensitive and specific, and both are superior to wet mount. Rapid antigen testing is equivalent to culture, and it compares favorably with the sensitivity of TMA for the detection of TV.
Improved speech recognition using a reduced auditory representation (2003)

The information produced by a straightforward auditory model, like the original speech signal, is subject to extreme local variability and is not suitable for direct presentation to speech recognition algorithms. Therefore, an analysis is required which will make the important features of the neural firing patterns explicit, but which will describe them concisely and without disruption by known characteristics of speech. Several attempts have been made to develop such an analysis, however, such analyses ignore significant aspects of neural firing patterns, and consequently information is lost (usually that associated with fine temporal structure). The authors describe a 'reduced auditory representation', which retains more information, and presents the results of preliminary recognition experiments using this data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Talking about 3D scenes: integration of image and speech understanding in a hybrid distributed system (2002)

We present a hybrid system that integrates speech and image understanding. Given spoken references, it is able to identify objects of a 3D scene perceived via a stereo camera. Central to our approach is the extraction of qualitative object features and spatial scene properties from acoustic and visual data. The interaction of the understanding processes is performed using a procedural semantic network that interfaces with signal recognition and reconstruction modules, thus integrating semantic, neural and Bayesian networks and Hidden Markov Models.
ROS1 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Related to Proliferation Activity (2013)

Higher ROS1 expression may be associated with favorable prognostic factors of IDC and its expression in IDC is related to the proliferation of tumor cells.