gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in Patients at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of 10 Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials (2013)

Context. Whether angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) are useful in high risk patients without heart failure is unclear. We perform a meta-analysis of prospective randomized placebo-controlled ACEI or ARB trials studying patients with a combination of risk factors to assess treatment impact on all cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Method. A PubMed search was made for placebo-controlled trials recruiting at least 1,200 high risk patients randomized to either ACEI or ARB, with follow-up of at least 2 years. Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5 program and Mantel-Haenszel analysis was done with a fixed effects model. Results. Ten trials recruiting 77,633 patients were reviewed. All cause mortality was significantly reduced by ACEI (RR 0.89; P = 0.0008), but not by ARB treatment (RR 1.00; P = 0.89). Cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal MI were also reduced in the ACEI trials but not with ARB therapy. Stroke was significantly reduced in the ACEI trials (RR 0.75; P < 0.00001) and more modestly reduced in the ARB trials (RR 0.90; P = 0.01). Conclusion. ACEI treatment reduced stroke, nonfatal MI, cardiovascular and total mortality in high risk patients, while ARB modestly reduced stroke with no effect on nonfatal MI, cardiovascular and total mortality.
Assemblies of thiol-capped nanocrystals as building blocks for use in nanotechnology (2010)

Nowadays assembly approaches are recognized as being the main working tool of bottom up chemical nanotechnology. The assembly of strongly emitting semiconductor nanocrystals can be performed on flat, porous and spherical surfaces and thus are very important for thin-film technologies, doping of mesoporous materials, modification of pre-patterned substrates, the creation of microshells and cavities, etc. Self-assembly approaches or the use of removable templates make possible the formation of nanowires, nanosheets or nanoporous 3D ordered materials created solely from the assembled nanoparticles. Hierarchical assembling and assembling of nanocrystals with other organic or inorganic entities opens up the possibility to achieve composites with literally unlimited functionalities. The understanding and governing of charge and energy transfer processes between the components of the composites are the key points in their efficient utilization as building blocks in novel types of LEDs, photovoltaic and photonic devices and various optical sensors.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 8 (2016)

The cover image, by John Jansen et al., is based on the Research Article Size matters: effects of PLGA-microsphere size in injectable CPC/PLGA on bone formation, DOI: 10.1002/term.1840.
Alkali grass resists salt stress through high [K+] and an endodermis barrier to Na+ (2004)

In order to understand the salt-tolerance mechanism of alkali grass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), [K(+)] and [Na(+)] in roots and shoots in response to salt treatments were examined with ion element analysis and X-ray microanalysis. Both the rapid K(+) and Na(+) influx in response to different NaCl and KCl treatments, and the accumulation of K(+) and Na(+) as the plants acclimated to long-term stress were studied in culture- solution experiments. A higher K(+) uptake under normal and saline conditions was evident in alkali grass compared with that in wheat, and electrophysiological analyses indicated that the different uptake probably resulted from the higher K(+)/Na(+) selectivity of the plasma membrane. When external [K(+)] was high, K(+) uptake and transport from roots to shoots were inhibited by exogenous Cs(+), while TEA (tetraethylammonium) only inhibited K(+) transport from the root to the shoot. K(+) uptake was not influenced by Cs(+) when plants were K(+) starved. It was shown by X-ray microanalysis that high [K(+)] and low [Na(+)] existed in the endodermal cells of alkali grass roots, suggesting this to be the tissue where Cs(+) inhibition occurs. These results suggest that the K(+)/Na(+) selectivity of potassium channels and the existence of an apoplastic barrier, the Casparian bands of the endodermis, lead to the lateral gradient of K(+) and Na(+) across root tissue, resulting not only in high levels of [K(+)] in the shoot but also a large [Na(+)] gradient between the root and the shoot.
Experimental research on the skin aging function of tanshinone and lycium barbarum polysaccharides (2009)

Objective To compare the anti-aging effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and Tanshinone on the skin of D-galactose-induced mice aging model.Methods 60 female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15):Mice in normal control group received subcutaneous injection of normal saline and mice in the other 3 groups received cervicodorsal injection of D-galactose[1000 mg/(kg1·d)] for 42 d to establish subacute aging model.The experimental groups included aging model group (without further treatment),Lycium barbarum polysaccharides [200 mg/(kg·d)group,Tanshinone [1 500 mg/(kg·d)] group.Forty two days later,the dorsal skin samples were collected to determine SOD activities、MDA and hydroxyproline contents. Results The effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides is better than Tanshinone significantly in decrease the content of MDA,but in increase the SOD activity Tanshinone have better effection.Both of them can increaseing the hydroxyproline contents,but these is no different.Conclusion Both Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and Tanshinone have noticeable anti-skin aging effects,Lycium barbarum polysaccharides is better than Tanshinone in clearing skin lipid peroxidation metabolites aspects,but Tanshinone have better effection in enhancing Oxidase activity,they have no different effection in enhanceing fibroblasts.
Glutathione S-Transferase and O<sup>6</sup>-Methylguanine DNA Methyl Transferase Activities in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma (2002)

Alkylating agents, which are metabolized by glutathione S-transferase (GST), have an important role in the etiology of cancer by forming mutagenic DNA adducts. Previous studies have shown that DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, repairs these mutagenic DNA adducts and its activity is correlated with the resistance of human tumors to alkylating agent-based anti-cancer drugs. However, little is known about GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities in patients with thyroid cancer in vivo. We measured the activities of GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in the leukocytes from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and healthy controls. The GST activity was significantly higher in men than in women, and it was negative correlated with age in men whereas it was unchanged in women in the control group. Both GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities were significantly increased in the patient group. There were no age and sex-related changes in the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activity in both the control and patient groups. These results suggest that leukocyte GST and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activities were increased with thyroid cancer. This may be related to the resistance to chemotherapy exhibited by patients with thyroid cancer.
High Pathogenic Potential of Low-Affinity Autoantibodies in Experimental Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (1999)

To assess the potency of low-affinity anti-red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies in the induction of anemia, we generated an immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a class-switch variant of a 4C8 IgM anti-mouse RBC autoantibody, and compared its pathogenic potential with that of its IgM isotype and a high-affinity 34-3C IgG2a autoantibody. The RBC-binding activity of the 4C8 IgG2a variant was barely detectable, at least 1,000 times lower than that of its IgM isotype, having a high-binding avidity, and that of the 34-3C IgG2a monoclonal antibody (mAb). This low-affinity feature of the 4C8 mAb was consistent with the lack of detection of opsonized RBCs in the circulating blood from the 4C8 IgG2a-injected mice. However, the 4C8 IgG2a variant was highly pathogenic, as potent as its IgM isotype and the 34-3C IgG2a mAb, due to its capacity to interact with Fc receptors involved in erythrophagocytosis. In addition, our results indicated that the pentameric form of the low-affinity IgM isotype, by promoting the binding and agglutination of RBCs, is critical for its pathogenic activity. Demonstration of the remarkably high pathogenic potency of low-affinity autoantibodies, if combined with appropriate heavy chain effector functions, highlights the critical role of the Ig heavy chain constant regions, but the relatively minor role of autoantigen-binding affinities, in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
The Phosphorus Analogs and Homologs of Choline and Betaine. Onium Compounds. XVII (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Phosphorus Analogs and Homologs of Choline and Betaine. Onium Compounds. XVIIR. R. Renshaw and R. A. BishopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 4, 946–947Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01271a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01271a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of two-photon entanglement in type-II optical parametric down-conversion (1994)

The theory of the two-photon state generated by type-II optical parametric down-conversion is studied with emphasis on the space-time and polarization entanglement of the photons. Several experiments are reviewed that demonstrate various aspects of the quantum nature of this state. The theory of a different type of two-photon interferometer is presented.
Comparative measurement of irritant properties of toilet bar soaps on human skin (1990)

Ten commonly used toilet bar soaps were tested for their respective irritancies usin Kligman.and Wooding′s technique of . 9 evaluation of mild irritants of human skin. Five per cent soap soulations were prepared and their pH measured, IT 50 and irritancy scores were calculated. There was to correlation between pH and IT 50 or irritancy scores and lux pink was least irritant followed by New Cinthol, Pears and lifebuoy.
Cancellable Biometrics and Multispace Random Projections (2006)

In this paper, a generic cancellable biometrics formulation is proposed by first transforming the raw biometrics data into a fixed length feature vector, then subsequently re-projecting the feature vector onto a sequence of random subspaces specified by the tokenised random vectors. Since random subspace is user-specific, the formulation can be extended to multiple random subspaces for different individuals to amplify the interclass variation whilst maintain the intra-class variation in biometrics verification setting. The privacy invasion and non-revocable problems in biometrics could be resolved by revocation of resulting feature through the random subspace replacement. This formulation furthermore enhances recognition effectiveness as arising from the Multispace Random Projections of biometric and external random inputs.
Immunohistochemical localization of basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors in the developing rat heart. (1991)

The wide distribution of immunoreactive bFGF and aFGF that we identified in the developing rat heart suggests that these growth factors play an important role in heart cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis. Their superimposable distribution may reflect functional interaction. The progressive changes in their distribution suggest a changing role for these peptides during organogenesis.
Negative magnetoresistance in (InSb)1−xYx at low temperature (1998)

We report the low temperature negative magnetoresistance and magnetization of molecular beam epitaxy grown (InSb)1−xYx for a range of yttrium concentrations (0.03%⩽x⩽4.0%). Our experimental results from x-ray diffraction, Hall effect, and magnetization measurements suggest that the yttrium atoms are located as interstitials in the InSb lattice and hence do not hybridize their outer shell d electrons with the InSb band leading to localized moments. Although the magnetization versus magnetic field (B) data do not fit brilliouin function for all the temperatures studied, we clearly observe a correlation between the measured negative magnetoresistance and the magnetic moment. We believe that the s–d exchange interaction between the localized electrons of Y atoms and the conduction electrons gives rise to the large negative magnetoresistance observed. A theoretical model is used to explain the scattering mechanism. According to this model, when the conduction electrons in the lower subband of InSb have energy E smaller than the Zeeman splitting AM, where A is the s–d exchange integral and M is the magnetic moment, the lower subband conduction electrons are scattered from the d spins without changing their spin projections. On the other hand, as E becomes greater than AM, the spin-flip process can be thermally activated. For the conduction electrons in the upper subband, both spin-flip and spin-non-flip coexist. Therefore the model uses two distinctive relaxation times rather than just one. A numerical calculation is performed to fit the relation between the magnetoresistance and the magnetic moment of the yttrium atoms.
Migration from Nursery to Spawning Area in Relation to Growth and Maturation of Greenland halibut (<i>Reinhardtius hippoglossoides</i>) in the Northeast Arctic (2003)

The population structure of the concentrations of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)) in relation to distribution area and state of maturity is described based on 12 trawl surveys conducted in the spawning, nursery and feeding areas along the Norwegian Continental Slope between October 1996 and January 1999. Based on these, inferences are made of how the migration from nursery to spawning area depends on individual characteristics, such as sex, maturity stage and previous growth history, and how emigration from nursery is linked to immigration to the spawning area. Descriptions are also given of the age and length structure of the different maturity groups in the spawning area. It was inferred that for both males and females, the fast growing individuals left the nursery first, and there was no obvious sex-difference in emigration rate from the nursery area. The early maturing females that are found along with those close to spawning have low growth rates and are thus not representative of all the next year's spawners, as previously suggested. Before spawning stock biomass can be realistically modelled, similar studies should also be made on the vertical component of migration and all the migration processes should be quantified.
A 283.2&#x03BC;W 800Mb/s/pin DLL-based data self-aligner for Through-Silicon Via (TSV) interface (2012)

The process variation among 512 DRAM samples is more than 30% [1]. The performance variation of general circuits is predicted to be over 60% in 2012 [2]. In general, a single-die-based DRAM has a large process variation from chip to chip, which among other parameters, causes tAC (address access time) variation in the application system. In order to reduce the tAC variation, most highspeed SDRAMs adopt a delay-locked loop (DLL) at the cost of additional area and power consumption. For TSV-based stacked dies, large tAC variantion results in higher power consumption due to short circuit current from data conflicts among shared I/Os. Since the number of I/Os for TSV-based stacked DRAM (TSV DRAM) might be 512 or more [3], the additional power consumption can be very high. Even though it is desirable in mobile DRAM to exclude the DLL because of the power cost [3], TSV DRAM for high-speed operation partially adopts a DLL in the master die [4]. Our DLL-based data self-aligner (DBDA) reduces the data conflict time among stacked dies, consuming 283.2μW during read operation at 800Mb/s/pin. It dissipates 4.98μW in self-refresh mode with the help of leakage-current-reduction controller.
A DSP architectural design for low bit-rate motion video codec (1989)

A new digital signal processor (DSP) architecture is presented. This DSP consists of the usual components, such as instruction set, buses, data memories, execution unit, address generators, sequencer, and direct memory access controller, optimized for video signal processing. A 24-bit 50-ns DSP called the digital image signal processor (DISP) has been developed using 1- mu m CMOS technology. The performance of the DSP is evaluated by a benchmark test based on an actual video coding sequence. A multi-DSP configuration for a video codec that allows flexible algorithms and variable picture formats is studied. A low-bit-rate motion video codec can be built very easily using the DSPs presented by the authors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling low-frequency electrode-type resistivity tools in 2-D formations (2002)

Derives the low-frequency approximation of the Maxwell's equations to obtain the partial differential equation for the potential field. The authors then formulate and implement a numerical mode-matching (NMM) method to solve this two-dimensional potential field in order to model electrode-type resistivity tools in invaded thin beds. The new NMM program is validated by comparing the numerical results with those obtained from other DC programs. It is found that this new program is much faster than the program using the finite-element method (FEM), and hence is useful for routine interpretation of resistivity logs. The authors illustrate one application of the NMM program with an inversion of multiple field logs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The statistical data fork: a class of broad-band multichannel switches (1992)

The circuit switching concept of trunk grouping has been introduced into the broadband packet switch. This trunk grouping concept exploits the very high bandwidth offered by lightwave technology with electronic switching technology operating at substantially slower speeds. A key component of this concept is the multichannel switch, which is a device capable of supporting routing requirements at the trunk group level. The statistical data fork (SDF), which is a multichannel switch enjoying an extremely simple control structure, is introduced here. It is based on the concepts of deflection routing and error correcting codes. It is shown that by properly designing the SDF, an extremely reliable and fault tolerant broadband switch can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Why so many forms of acetylcholinesterase? (2000)

Acetylcholinesterase is a key molecule in the control of cholinergic transmission. In the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the efficiency of this phenomenon depends on the enzyme location, between the presynaptic site where acetylcholine is released and the postsynaptic membrane where the acetylcholine receptors are packed. Various molecular forms of the enzyme that possess the same catalytic activity are expressed. The relative amounts of these forms are tissue-specific. At the subcellular level, this panoply of forms allows the enzyme to be attached to the membrane or to the basal lamina. Analysis of the forms secreted and their position in the cytoarchitecture of the NMJ is essential to understand the functioning of this synapse. This review will consider the origin of the enzyme polymorphism and its physiological implication.
Magnetic levitation of single cells (2015)

Several cellular events cause permanent or transient changes in inherent magnetic and density properties of cells. Characterizing these changes in cell populations is crucial to understand cellular heterogeneity in cancer, immune response, infectious diseases, drug resistance, and evolution. Although magnetic levitation has previously been used for macroscale objects, its use in life sciences has been hindered by the inability to levitate microscale objects and by the toxicity of metal salts previously applied for levitation. Here, we use magnetic levitation principles for biological characterization and monitoring of cells and cellular events. We demonstrate that each cell type (i.e., cancer, blood, bacteria, and yeast) has a characteristic levitation profile, which we distinguish at an unprecedented resolution of 1 × 10(-4) g ⋅ mL(-1). We have identified unique differences in levitation and density blueprints between breast, esophageal, colorectal, and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines, as well as heterogeneity within these seemingly homogenous cell populations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changes in cellular density and levitation profiles can be monitored in real time at single-cell resolution, allowing quantification of heterogeneous temporal responses of each cell to environmental stressors. These data establish density as a powerful biomarker for investigating living systems and their responses. Thereby, our method enables rapid, density-based imaging and profiling of single cells with intriguing applications, such as label-free identification and monitoring of heterogeneous biological changes under various physiological conditions, including antibiotic or cancer treatment in personalized medicine.
In Automated Fluoroscopy Settings, Does Shielding Affect Radiation Exposure to Surrounding Unshielded Tissues? (2012)

There is a significant increase in radiation dosage to surrounding tissues when shielding is used with ABC mode during fluoroscopy. Radiation can be reduced and image quality improved by using fixed settings when shielding is indicated.