gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid beamforming in uplink massive MIMO systems in the presence of blockers (2017)

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is a potential solution to reduce the baseband hardware cost in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that has drawn considerable attention recently. In this paper, we consider the uplink of a multiuser massive MIMO system in the presence of blockers. Such blockers, which arise from, for example, users served by other non-cooperative base stations (BSs), can limit the system performance if not handled properly. We propose a HBF scheme that can remove the impact of blockers, while preserving signals from intended users. Specifically, in our two-step receive beamforming scheme, the analog beamformer (ABF) is designed based on channel covariance matrices to minimize the powers of blockers, while the digital beamformer (DBF) deals with inter-user interference. We propose an iterative algorithm that efficiently gives a good sub-optimal solution to the NP-hard problem in the ABF design. Moreover, we consider a more complete BS architecture by incorporating automatic gain control (AGC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). As we show in the simulations, for a system with full-precision ADCs, our scheme approaches the sum rate of an ideal fully-digital system. Interestingly, for a system with low-resolution ADCs, our HBF scheme can even outperform a fully-digital system.
Local Oxidation Fin-Field-Effect-Transistor Structure for Nanodevice Applications (2010)

Local oxidation (LOCOS) fin field-effect transistors (finFETs), a type of delta-FETs, are studied here for comparison with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) finFETs and bulk silicon finFETs. In our simulation, the LOCOS finFET shows a lower leakage current than the bulk finFET and a driving capability superior to that of the SOI finFET. The results can be attributed to the partial connection between the channel region and the substrate in LOCOS finFETs. The partially isolated oxide layer of LOCOS provides electrical isolation to suppress leakage, and the interspace between isolated oxide layers provides good thermal conduction to sustain a high driving current. For device fabrication, different parameters, fin height ( H ), gate length ( L ), and oxide interspace ( S ), are also investigated. The results show that the LOCOS finFET structure is an exceptional alternative for nanodevice applications.
YM155, a selective survivin suppressant, inhibits tumor spread and prolongs survival in a spontaneous metastatic model of human triple negative breast cancer (2011)

Metastatic triple negative breast cancer [TNBC, with negative expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and no overexpression of HER2/neu (ErbB-2)] remains a major therapeutic challenge because of its poor overall prognosis and lack of optimal targeted therapies. Survivin has been implicated as an important mediator of breast cancer cell growth and dysfunctions in apoptosis, and its expression correlates with a higher incidence of metastases and patient mortality; thus, survivin is an attractive target for novel anti-cancer agents. In previous studies, we identified YM155 as a small molecule that selectively suppresses survivin expression. YM155 inhibits the growth of a wide range of human cancer cell lines. Tumor regression induced by YM155 is associated with decreased intratumoral survivin expression, increased apoptosis and a decreased mitotic index. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor efficacy of YM155 both in vitro and in vivo using preclinical TNBC models. We found that YM155 suppressed survivin expression, including that of its splice variants (survivin 2B, δEx3 and 3B), resulting in decreased cellular proliferation and spontaneous apoptosis of human TNBC cells. In a mouse xenograft model, continuous infusion of YM155 led to the complete regression of subcutaneously established tumors. Furthermore, YM155 reduced spontaneous metastases and significantly prolonged the survival of animals bearing established metastatic tumors in the MDA-MB-231-Luc-D3H2-LN orthotopic model. These results suggest that the survivin-suppressing activity of YM155 may offer a novel therapeutic option for patients with metastatic TNBC.
Renal Dendritic Cells Stimulate IL-10 Production and Attenuate Nephrotoxic Nephritis (2008)

The role of renal dendritic cells (DCs) in glomerulonephritis is unknown. This question was addressed in nephrotoxic nephritis, a murine model of human necrotizing glomerulonephritis, which is dependent on CD4(+) Th1 cells and macrophages. DCs in nephritic kidneys showed signs of activation, accumulated in the tubulo-interstitium, and infiltrated the periglomerular space surrounding inflamed glomeruli. In ex vivo coculture experiments with antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, DCs stimulated the secretion of IL-10, which is known to attenuate nephrotoxic nephritis, and the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma. Endogenous renal CD4(+) T cells produced both of these cytokines as well, but those from nephritic mice secreted increased amounts of IL-10. Renal DCs were found to express ICOS-L, an inducer of IL-10. To evaluate the in vivo role of renal DCs in disease, CD11c(+) DCs were depleted on days 4 and 10 after the induction of nephritis by injecting CD11c-DTR/GFP mice with diphtheria toxin. Sparing DCs until day 4 did not affect the autologous phase of nephritis. The number of renal DCs was reduced by 70% to 80%, the number of renal macrophages was unchanged, and periglomerular infiltrates were eliminated. On days 11 to 14, we observed aggravated tubulointerstitial and glomerular damage, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased proteinuria. These findings demonstrate that renal DCs exert a renoprotective effect in nephrotoxic nephritis, possibly by expressing ICOS-L and/or by inducing IL-10 in infiltrating CD4(+) Th1 cells.
Characterizing and Comparing Prevailing Simulation Techniques (2005)

Due to the simulation time of the reference input set, architects often use alternative simulation techniques. Although these alternatives reduce the simulation time, what has not been evaluated is their accuracy relative to the reference input set, and with respect to each other. To rectify this deficiency, this paper uses three methods to characterize the reduced input set, truncated execution, and sampling simulation techniques while also examining their speed versus accuracy trade-off and configuration dependence. Finally, to illustrate the effect that a technique could have on the apparent speedup results, we quantify the speedups obtained with two processor enhancements. The results show that: 1) the accuracy of the truncated execution techniques was poor for all three characterization methods and for both enhancements, 2) the characteristics of the reduced input sets are not reference-like, and 3) SimPoint and SMARTS, the two sampling techniques, are extremely accurate and have the best speed versus accuracy trade-offs. Finally, this paper presents a decision tree which can help architects choose the most appropriate technique for their simulations.
Rubbing-Caused Rotor Vibration Restraint Technology at Hydrogen Seal Portion of Turbine Generator (2010)

The casing of a large scale turbine generator is filled with hydrogen gas as a coolant. To prevent the hydrogen gas from leak, hydrogen-tight enclosures and seal rings are located at both ends of the casing. In some conditions, the gap between the seal ring and rotor shaft might be reduced to cause a rub. The rub sometimes cause a significant vibration. In order to solve the problem, we tried to make a guideline to evaluate the posibility of rubbing vibration occurrence by using each effective parameter with setting some assumption and confirming the consistency between analysis result and actual phenomena.
Effects of motion artifacts on pulse oximeter readings from different facial regions (2005)

Remote triage by medics on the battlefield using pulse oximeters will require careful selection of suitable monitoring sites. This paper examines several facial regions as potential monitoring sites for sensor attachment to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation during motion induced artifacts.
Comparison of Quinone‐Based Catholytes for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries and Demonstration of Long‐Term Stability with Tetrasubstituted Quinones (2020)

Abstract Quinones are appealing targets as organic charge carriers for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs), but their utility continues to be constrained by limited stability under operating conditions. The present study evaluates the stability of a series of water‐soluble quinones, with redox potentials ranging from 605–885 mV versus NHE, under acidic aqueous conditions (1 m H 2 SO 4 ). Four of the quinones are examined as cathodic electrolytes in an aqueous RFB, paired with anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonate as the anodic electrolyte. The RFB data complement other solution stability tests and show that the most stable electrolyte is a tetrasubstituted quinone containing four sulfonated thioether substituents. The results highlight the importance of substituting all C–H positions of the quinone in order to maximize the quinone stability and set the stage for design of improved organic electrolytes for aqueous RFBs.
Peptidomics of Prolyl Endopeptidase in the Central Nervous System (2009)

Prolyl endopeptidase (Prep) is a member of the prolyl peptidase family and is of interest because of its unique biochemistry and connections to cognitive function. Using an unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)-based peptidomics platform, we identified Prep-regulated peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice by measuring changes in the peptidome as a function of Prep activity. This approach was validated by the identification of known Prep substrates, such as the neuropeptide substance P and thymosin-beta4, the precursor to the bioactive peptide Ac-SDKP. In addition to these known substrates, we also discovered that Prep regulates many additional peptides, including additional bioactive peptides and proline rich peptides (PRPs). Biochemical experiments confirmed that some of these Prep-regulated peptides are indeed substrates of the enzyme. Moreover, these experiments also supported the known preference of Prep for shorter peptides while revealing a previously unknown cleavage site specificity of Prep when processing certain multi-proline-containing peptides, including PRPs. The discovery of Prep-regulated peptides implicates Prep in new biological pathways and provides insights into the biochemistry of this enzyme.
UMTS - a 21st Century vision (1995)

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a mobile communications technology for a world in which communication services... will allow person-to-person calling independent of location, the terminal used, the means of transmission and of the choice of technology. Personal communications services will be based on combination of fixed and wireless/mobile services to form a seamless end-to-end service for the user European Commission objectives are set out. To achieve these objectives will force the development of a technically cohesive, comprehensive and consistent system of personal communications for both fixed and mobile terminals. As a result mobile access networks gain the potential to offer services that have (or might have) traditionally been provided by fixed networks. The European development of UMTS is, therefore, a key part of a policy to integrate personal communications services throughout the Europe Union. Besides exploring a UMTS vision the paper considers the available technology freedoms that may assist in meeting the vision, and outlines some implications for an intelligent fixed network. Most importantly the success of 2nd generation European mobile technology is recognised with some consideration given to managing this success with the development of a 3rd generation UMTS system. The paper suggests that questions of system revolution, evolution or migration are not fundamentally technical problems but issues of European strategic telecommunications policy.
New simple procedure for the computation of the multimode admittance matrix of arbitrary waveguide junctions (2002)

The description of the microwave properties of waveguide junctions is a subject that has been studied considerably in the past. Of particular interest, from the engineering point of view, have been equivalent network representations (single mode) because of their very good computational efficiency. However, their efficiency was obtained taking into account only dominant mode interactions and such descriptions are no longer suitable for the design of modern microwave components. Higher order mode interactions have been subsequently accounted for using mode-matching procedures, however, the resulting codes, although accurate, can be computationally very heavy. It would therefore be desirable to develop equivalent network representations that could at the same time include higher-order interactions and lead to computationally efficient codes. In this paper a simple method is described for the evaluation of the multimode network representation in terms of admittance parameters. The key feature of the method is that it starts from the wanted final results, the equivalent network representation, in order to obtain an analytic expression for the evaluation of the admittance matrix elements. The procedure is based on general network theory and is equivalent to ideally measuring directly the value of the admittance elements. In this paper the evaluation procedure is fully described. Measurement results of actual hardware are then compared with simulations indicating that the codes developed are indeed very accurate as well as computationally very efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activation of the lung S1P<sub>1</sub> receptor reduces allergen‐induced plasma leakage in mice (2009)

Thus, in contrast to previously published work, our results suggest that systemic exposure of FTY720 is necessary to obtain an airway anti-inflammatory effect. On the contrary, inhibition of the allergen-induced accumulation of fluid in the lung, via activation of the S1P(1) receptor, is obtainable without systemic effects.
An Improved Synthesis of (±)-<i>N</i>′-Nitrosonornicotine 5′-Acetate (2009)

A concise and efficient route to (+/-)-N'-nitrosonornicotine 5'-acetate (NNN-5'-OAc), a stable precursor of the active metabolite 5'-hydroxy(+/-)-N'-nitrosonornicotine NNN-5'-OH is reported. The synthesis utilizes sulfinimine chemistry to give (+/-)-NNN-5'-OAc in 26% yield over 4 steps.
VLSI array architecture for Reed-Solomon decoding (1991)

A new architecture is presented for solving a key equation in a Reed-Solomon decoder. This consists of an array of identical cells. The number of cells can be set to meet a given throughput specification. The architecture is briefly compared with other published systolic architectures for the same problem and its advantages and disadvantages are illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aromatic Substitution. IX.<sup>1</sup> Nitronium Tetrafluoroborate Nitration of Halobenzenes in Tetramethylene Sulfone Solution (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Substitution. IX.1 Nitronium Tetrafluoroborate Nitration of Halobenzenes in Tetramethylene Sulfone SolutionGeorge A. Olah, Stephen J. Kuhn, and Sylvia H. FloodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 22, 4581–4585Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01483a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01483a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Light-activated self-generation and parametric amplification for MEMS oscillators</title> (2001)

High-frequency microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) are proposed as active devices for radio frequency signal processing. Parametric amplification (PA), generation, frequency modulation and frequency conversion on the micromechanical level were demonstrated at MHz range by microfabricated single-crystal silicon mechanical resonators. A focused laser beam was used to pump energy into the motion of the oscillator, to control the frequency response and to provide a carrier signal for the frequency up-conversion. Laser light interaction with the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) was realized through the stress pattern induced within the microfabricated structure by the focused laser beam. Stress-induced stiffening of the oscillator provides control over the effective spring constant and leads to a parametric mechanism for amplification of mechanical vibrations. Periodic modulation of the laser intensity synchronized with the driving force allowed us to demonstrate a degenerate (phase-sensitive) PA scheme with gain in access of 30dB. Design of the oscillator as a part of the built-in Fabry-Perot cavity provides auto-modulation of the effective spring constant as a result of the position-dependent absorption of the light by the oscillator. The auto-modulation mechanism allows a parametric self-excitation induced by continuous wave (CW) laser beam. Self-sustained generation was observed when laser power exceeded a threshold of few hundred microWatts. Nonlinear effects cause frequency dependence vs. laser power, providing a mechanism for frequency modulation of the self-generated vibrations. The same type of optical scheme can also work as an ideal frequency mixer, which combines the self-generated response with an external high-frequency modulation of the laser intensity.
Hydrazine-Selective Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Probe Based on Levulinated Coumarin (2011)

Chemosignaling of hydrazine by selective deprotection of levulinated coumarin was investigated. In the presence of hydrazine, levulinated coumarin was selectively deprotected, resulting in chromogenic and fluorescent turn-on type signaling. The selective naked-eye detectable signaling of hydrazine was possible in the presence of representative metal ions and common anions in an aqueous environment.
Expression of neural markers on bone marrow–derived canine mesenchymal stem cells (2006)

Canine bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells yielded an apparently homogeneous population of MSCs after expansion in culture. Expanded canine MSCs constitutively expressed neuron or astrocyte specific proteins. Furthermore, increases of intracellular cAMP concentrations induced increased expression of GFAP on canine MSCs, which suggests that these cells may have the capacity to respond to external signals. Canine MSCs may hold therapeutic potential for treatment of dogs with neurologic disorders.
Low-latency image processing for vision-based navigation systems (2016)

This paper concerns a problem of the latency reduction in the vision-based mobile robot navigation, which is considered as the crucial system property to determine a control command based on visual data in practical deployments of mobile robots. The problem is addressed by a processor centric FPGA-based System-on-Chip design allowing power and computationally efficient on-line image processing. The proposed architecture is considered in an autonomous vision-based navigation with a teach-and-repeat algorithm based on detection and tracking of image salient points. The architecture has been evaluated and compared with a CPU-based solution on different platforms and the results indicate that the proposed FPGA-based implementation outperforms pure CPU solutions in the overall latency, speed, and power consumption.
High yields from microcarrier cultures by medium perfusion (1983)

A culture perfusion system is described for the growth of anchorage-dependent cells on microcarriers. The critical component of this system is a column separator, which removes medium while allowing the microcarriers to remain in the culture. Amino acids and ammonia were analysed during cell growth of the perfusion culture. None of the amino acids was completely utilized. The accumulation of ammonia to 2.3 mM was observed and may be responsible for, or coincident with, events limiting further cell growth. It is suggested that oxygen deprivation and growth inhibitor accumulation, rather than nutrient depletion, are the major factors in limiting even higher cell yields.
Online Parameter Estimation Methods for Adaptive Cruise Control Systems (2020)

Modeling Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) vehicles enables the understanding of the impact of these vehicles on traffic flow. In this work, two online methods are used to provide real time system identification of ACC enabled vehicles. The first technique is a recursive least squares (RLS) approach, while the second method solves a nonlinear joint state and parameter estimation problem via particle filtering (PF). We provide a parameter identifiability analysis for both methods to analytically show that the model parameters are not identifiable using equilibrium driving. The accuracy and computational runtime of the online methods are compared to a commonly used offline simulation-based optimization (i.e., batch optimization) approach. The methods are tested on synthetic data as well as on empirical data collected directly from a 2019 model year ACC vehicle using data from sensors that are part of the stock ACC system. The online methods are scalable and provide comparable accuracy to the batch method. RLS runs in real time and is two orders of magnitude faster than the batch method for modest sized (e.g., 15 min) datasets. The particle filter also runs in real-time, and is also suitable in streaming applications in which the datasets can grow arbitrarily large.