gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Profiling for Content Negotiation and Adaptation in Heterogeneous Environments (2002)

This position paper focuses on the content negotiation and adaptation of services in heterogeneous environment and this using the concept of universal profiling. We discuss our vision to achieve an advanced content negotiation. For this, we define a profiling schema that includes the utile description of the entire component that can participate in the final deliverance of services. The defined profiling schema is opened, extensible and doesn&apos;t depend to a particular kind of devices, which make it useful in the context of adapted services deliverance. 1. Content adaptation and negotiation Nowadays multimedia systems become more and more heterogeneous. Thanks to the explosive progress in computing technologies, modern systems include a wide diversity of client devices which are heterogeneous with respect to their capabilities and preferences. In such environments, a device can vary from a workstation, to a WAP phone, a PDA or any other limited terminal. The problem in these environments is to deliver a content understandable by the end user. Since clients don&apos;t share the same characteristics and use different formats of documents, services deliverance must depend to the user context and to the set of constraints that characterize the use of the wanted service. One can think to put multiple versions of the same original document for different devices, and thus,
Thermal and mechanical properties and water absorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐modified soy protein (11S) (2001)

Abstract The thermal and mechanical properties and water absorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐modified 11S soy protein and molded plastics made from it were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC results showed that both the temperature and enthalpy of thermal denaturation of modified 11S solutions decreased as the SDS concentration increased. Nonfreezing water of the modified 11S solution had a minimum value at 1.0% SDS. The ordered structure of SDS‐modified 11S protein was recovered and/or newly formed during the freeze‐drying process. Both DSC and DMA results showed that SDS was a plasticizer of 11S, and the glass transition temperature of modified 11S plastics decreased with increasing SDS concentration. Both the tensile strength and elongation of modified 11S plastics first decreased and then increased as the SDS concentration increased, and 5.0% SDS‐modified 11S plastic had the highest tensile strength and elongation. The SEM observations supported these results. A water‐absorption test showed a reduction in the water resistance of 11S plastics after SDS modification. The rate of water absorption increased with increasing SDS concentration. The hydrophobic interaction between SDS molecules and 11S protein was found to have important effects on the thermal and mechanical properties and the water absorption of 11S plastics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 166–175, 2001
Watermelon mosaic virus. (2015)

Potyviruses have been badly affecting crop yields in most parts of the world, with Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) being of particular economic importance. Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) causes severe economic losses in cucurbitaceous, leguminous, malvaceous and chenopodiaceous plants in temperate and Mediterranean regions. It produces chlorosis, mottling, blisters on leaves and fruits, leaf distortion and stunting in watermelon, muskmelon, squash, pumpkin and cucumber. WMV has been shown to infect experimentally, more than 170 plant species belonging to 27 plant families. The biological variability of WMV has been well-documented. Serologically, it is close to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), but distantly related to Potato virus Y (PVY) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). The genome of the reported WMV isolates is more than 10kb, flanked by untranslated regions at both the ends. The large open reading frame (ORF) encodes a putative polyprotein of 3217 aa, with a calculated Mr. of 366,904. Sequence analyses of WMV isolates revealed close relationship with the reported isolates of SMV (84.7% to 85.8% aa identity). However, the N-terminal P1 protein encoding region was substantially different, presenting less than 35% identity. SimPlot analysis revealed that WMV arose through an ancestral event of interspecific recombination between SMV and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV)/ Peanut stripe virus (PSV)-related potyviruses. Very little genetic material resistant to WMV-2 is available. Cultural practices, crop rotation, cross-protection and genetic resistance have effectively been used against WMV. Coat protein transgenic resistance to WMV has also been reported in squash and cantaloupe.
Clonal Distribution of Superantigen Genes in Clinical<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Isolates (2007)

Staphylococcus aureus is both a successful human commensal and a major pathogen. The elucidation of the molecular determinants of virulence, in particular assessment of the contributions of the genetic background versus those of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), has proved difficult in this variable species. To address this, we simultaneously determined the genetic backgrounds (spa typing) and the distributions of all 19 known superantigens and the exfoliative toxins A and D (multiplex PCR) as markers for MGEs. Methicillin- sensitive S. aureus strains from Pomerania, 107 nasal and 88 blood culture isolates, were investigated. All superantigen-encoding MGEs were linked more or less tightly to the genetic background. Thus, each S. aureus clonal complex was characterized by a typical repertoire of superantigen and exfoliative toxin genes. However, within each S. aureus clonal complex and even within the same spa type, virulence gene profiles varied remarkably. Therefore, virulence genes of nasal and blood culture isolates were separately compared in each clonal complex. The results indicated a role in infection for the MGE harboring the exfoliative toxin D gene. In contrast, there was no association of superantigen genes with bloodstream invasion. In summary, we show here that the simultaneous assessment of virulence gene profiles and the genetic background increases the discriminatory power of genetic investigations into the mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis.
Requirement for Rac1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase in the Cardiovascular and Dipsogenic Actions of Angiotensin II in the Brain (2004)

We have shown that intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production in CNS neurons plays a key role in the pressor, bradycardic, and dipsogenic actions of Ang II in the brain. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase is a key source of O(2)(*-) in Ang II-sensitive neurons and is involved in these central Ang II-dependent effects. We performed both in vitro and in vivo studies using adenoviral (Ad)-mediated expression of dominant-negative Rac1 (AdN17Rac1) to inhibit Ang II-stimulated Rac1 activation, an obligatory step in NADPH oxidase activation. Ang II induced a time-dependent increase in Rac1 activation and O(2)(*-) production in Neuro-2A cells, and this was abolished by pretreatment with AdN17Rac1 or the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin or diphenylene iodonium. AdN17Rac1 also inhibited Ang II-induced increases in NADPH oxidase activity in primary neurons cultured from central cardiovascular control regions. In contrast, overexpression of wild-type Rac1 (AdwtRac1) caused more robust NADPH oxidase-dependent O(2)(*-) production to Ang II. To extend the in vitro studies, the pressor, bradycardic, and drinking responses to intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected Ang II were measured in mice that had undergone gene transfer of AdN17Rac1 or AdwtRac1 to the brain. AdN17Rac1 abolished the increase in blood pressure, decrease in heart rate, and drinking response induced by ICV injection of Ang II, whereas AdwtRac1 enhanced these physiological effects. The exaggerated physiological responses in AdwtRac1-treated mice were abolished by O(2)(*-) scavenging. These results, for the first time, identify a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase as the source of central Ang II-induced O(2)(*-) production, and implicate this oxidase in cardiovascular diseases associated with dysregulation of brain Ang II signaling, including hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Sintering of Aluminum Oxide. (1988)

Abstract An agglomerate‐free (achieved by ultrasonication), fine‐sized Al 2 O 3 suspension is prepared by sedimentation of a commercial powder.
CrowdLearn: Crowd-sourcing the Creation of Highly-structured E-Learning Content (2015)

While nowadays there is a plethora of Learning Content Management Systems, the collaborative, community-based creation of rich e-learning content is still not sufficiently well supported. Few attempts have been made to apply crowd-sourcing and wiki-approaches for the creation of e-learning content. However, the paradigm is only applied to unstructured, textual content and cannot be used in SCORM-compliant systems. To address this issue we developed the CrowdLearn concept to exploit the wisdom, creativity and productivity of the crowd for the creation of rich, deep-semantically structured e-learning content. The CrowdLearn concept combines the wiki style for collaborative content authoring with SCORM requirements for re-usability. Therefore, it enables splitting the learning material into Learning Objects (LOs) with an adjustable level of granularity. In order to realize the CrowdLearn concept, a novel data model called WikiApp is devised. The WikiApp data model is a refinement of the traditional entity-relationship data model with further emphasis on collaborative social activities and structured content authoring. We implement and evaluate the CrowdLearn approach with SlideWiki – an educational platform dealing with presentations and assessment tests. The article also comprises results of a usability evaluation with real students.
List-mode motion tracking for positron emission tomography imaging using low-activity fiducial markers (2014)

Motion correction in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging may benefit from an accurate knowledge of the patient motion during the image acquisition. We evaluated the feasibility to detect and record the motion of external fiducial markers during PET scans. We developed an iterative algorithm that can track the three-dimensional (3D) motion of low-activity fiducial markers while surrounded by high physiological tracer activity from a patient undergoing PET imaging. Monte Carlo techniques were used to simulate a 92.5-kBq <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na marker moving sinusoidally in 3D. The simulated events were combined with list-mode data from patients undergoing cardiac PET imaging in order to test the algorithm. In experimental studies, three external <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na markers were placed on a dynamic torso phantom with an initial activity of approximately 680 MBq of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">82</sup> Rb in its cardiac insert. We tracked the motion of those markers while simulating breathing motion and patient drift with the phantom. Results from simulations show that a 92.5-kBq marker can be tracked in 3D at a frequency of 2 Hz with an accuracy of 1.2 mm and a precision of 0.8 mm. The phantom study qualitatively confirms that the algorithm can track both breathing and patient motion. The relative accuracy of the tracking was 0.4±1.1 mm and the precision was 0.8 mm. In conclusion, we have developed an algorithm that can track the 3D motion of low-activity positron-emitting markers during PET imaging. This motion information might prove useful in developing new motion correction schemes in clinical PET imaging.
Generating Domain-Specific Visual Language Tools from Abstract Visual Specifications (2012)

Domain-specific visual languages support high-level modeling for a wide range of application domains. However, building tools to support such languages is very challenging. We describe a set of key conceptual requirements for such tools and our approach to addressing these requirements, a set of visual language-based metatools. These support definition of metamodels, visual notations, views, modeling behaviors, design critics, and model transformations and provide a platform to realize target visual modeling tools. Extensions support collaborative work, human-centric tool interaction, and multiplatform deployment. We illustrate application of the metatoolset on tools developed with our approach. We describe tool developer and cognitive evaluations of our platform and our exemplar tools, and summarize key future research directions.
Development of HPLC fingerprint bar code technique for authentication and quality assessment of Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (2003)

Object To discuss the development of a “bar coded” HPLC chromatographic fingerprint system for the assay of water soluble components in Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (RSM) The technique has been used for the species authentication and quality assessment of RSM and other species of Salvia L. originated from different locations.Methods Authentic RSM species originated from different geographic locations were compared with different species of Salvia L. obtained commercially using an analytical protocol involving water extraction, followed by HPLC of the extract, and finally the normalization of all peak intensities in the HPLC chromatogram. The last step resulted in “bar coded” chromatograms which could be used as fingerprints for the qualitative and quantitative comparison of different species of Salvia L Results The HPLC bar code fingerprint was found to be highly stable and reproducible. A total of 18 common peaks were identified in the HPLC chromatogram with their average RSD of relative retention time and peak area less than 1.18% and 25%, respectively. Separated by the protocatechuic aldehyde peak (retention time 33.71 min and RSD of 1.5%), the HPLC chromatogram could be separated into two groups: the early eluting group of peaks in the “non specific” region, and the late eluting group of peaks in the “fingerprinting” region. The former group of peaks could be used for the semi quantification of bioactive components, whereas the later group of peaks could be used for both identification and semi quantification purposes. HPLC chromatograms of other species of Salvia L. showed fingerprints distinctively different from those of authentic species of Salvia L.; and the difference lay mainly in the fingerprinting region of the HPLC chromatograms Conclusion The developed bar coded HPLC chromatographic fingerprints can be used effectively for the authentication of species of Salvia L., and the quality assessment of RSM or its derived products based on the semi quantitative analysis of bioactive components in the samples
2-Aryl-5-benzoxazolealkanoic acid derivatives with notable antiinflammatory activity (1975)

The synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of 5-substituted 2-arylbenzoxazoles are described. Initial screening on carrageenin-induced rat paw edema showed that alpha-methylacetic substitution in the 5 position was preferable to substitutions with the equivalent esters, amides, alcohols, amines or tetrazoles. Halogen substitution in the aryl ring led to the most active compounds which were 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-methyl-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid (14) and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-alpha-methyl-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid (29). These compounds were three to five times more active than phenylbutazone as assessed from ED30 values determined on rat paw edema 5 hr after single oral doses.
Simple Technique for Extracting Flavor Compounds from Fatty Foods (1968)

A method for extracting flavor compounds from cheese with ~etonit~41e is described. Two of the unique advantages of the method are that it does not extract fat and the first few drops of the extract are sufficiently concentrated to permit gaschromatographic analysis without solvent evaporation. The effectiveness of extraction is demonstrated on Cheddar cheese, Blue cheese, and heated milk fat. The recovery efficiency is exemplified by 103% recovery of added benzoic acid.
A Television Imagery Simulator (1961)

For evaluating TV Systems and for studying image enhancement techniques, there is a need for simulator equipment with adjustable and measurable parameters. Because results must be duplicated from day to day and from month to month, reliability is of importance in designing the equipment. Also, when evaluating systems of high resolution, the resolution capabilities of the evaluating means must be better than the system under evaluation. The mechanical and electrical design must be flexible so that, when new ideas present themselves, they may be developed and added to the existing equipment. A TV Imagery Simulator which fulfills these requirements has been built by the Astro-Electronic Products Division of RCA and has been in use for over two years.
Pyrazolylcyclotriphosphazene Containing Pendant Polymers:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Phosphate Ester Hydrolysis Using a Cu(II)-Metalated Cross-Linked Polymeric Catalyst (2002)

A multi-pyrazolyl cyclotriphosphazene containing polymerizable group N(3)P(3)(3,5-Me(2)Pz)(5)(O-C(6)H(4)-p-C(6)H(4)-p-CH=CH(2)) (2) has been prepared from the corresponding chloro derivative N(3)P(3)Cl(5)(O-C(6)H(4)-p-C(6)H(4)-p-CH=CH(2)) (1). The X-ray structures of 1 and 2 have been determined. Compound 2 undergoes ready metalation with CuCl(2) to afford N(3)P(3)(3,5-Me(2)Pz)(5)(O-C(6)H(4)-p-C(6)H(4)-p-CH=CH(2)).CuCl(2) (3). Model compound N(3)P(3)(3,5-Me(2)Pz)(5)(O-C(6)H(4)-p-CHO).CuCl(2) (6) has been prepared and characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In this compound, the coordination around copper is distorted trigonal bipyramidal, and the cyclotriphosphazene coordinates in a non-gem N(3) mode. Compound 2 has been copolymerized with divinylbenzene to afford cross-linked multisite coordinating polymer CPPL which is readily metalated with CuCl(2) to afford copper-containing polymer CPPL-Cu. The coordination environment around copper in CPPL-Cu has been evaluated by obtaining its EPR, optical, and IR spectra and comparing them with those of model compounds 3 and 6. The utility of CPPL-Cu as a heterogeneous catalyst has been demonstrated in the phosphate ester hydrolysis involving three model phosphate esters: p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (bNPP), and 2-(hydroxypropyl)-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (hNPP). In all of these reactions, a significant rate enhancement of ester hydrolysis is observed. Detailed kinetic analyses to evaluate Michaelis-Menten parameters have also been carried out along with experiments to elucidate the effect of pH, solvent, and temperature on the rate of hydrolysis. Recycling experiments on the hydrolysis of pNPP with CPPL-Cu shows that it can be recycled several times over without affecting the rates.
Use of articulatory bottle-neck features for query-by-example spoken term detection in low resource scenarios (2014)

For query-by-example spoken term detection (QbE-STD), generation of phone posteriorgrams requires labelled data which would be difficult for languages with low resources. One solution is to build models from rich resource languages and use them in the low resource scenario. However, phone classes are not language universal and alternate representation such as articulatory classes is explored. In this paper, we use articulatory information and their derivatives such as bottle-neck (BN) features (also referred to as articulatory BN features) for QbE-STD. We obtain Gaussian posteriorgrams of articulatory BN features in tandem with the acoustic parameters such as frequency domain linear prediction cepstral coefficients to perform the search. We compare the search performance of articulatory and phone BN features and show that articulatory BN features are a better representation. We also provide experimental results to show that low amounts (30 mins) of training data could be used to derive articulatory BN features.
Erythroid-specific Human Factor IX Delivery From In Vivo Selected Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Nonmyeloablative Conditioning in Hemophilia B Mice (2008)

We have developed a lentiviral vector system for human factor IX (hFIX) gene transfer in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that provides erythroid cell-derived systemic protein delivery following nonmyeloablative conditioning and in vivo methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) drug selection. After bone marrow transplantation under moderate Busulfan conditioning, the initial hFIX expression in the chimeras was minimally detectable. However, the hFIX levels rose sharply following in vivo MGMT-drug selection and eventually reached a level that is considered curative in hemophilia B therapy (>500 ng/ml). The rise of hFIX levels was proportional to the increase in vector copy (VC) number in peripheral blood cells. High levels of hFIX expression were maintained in serially engrafted mice chimeras for 18 months. Importantly, high-level hFIX expression by erythroid cells did not result in anemia or adversely affect red blood cell counts. The prospect of combining reduced intensity conditioning, a presumably lowered risk of insertional mutagenesis due to low VC number requirement and erythroid-restricted transgene expression, as well as long-term protein expression at high level, strongly supports the potential applicability of adult stem cell-based gene therapy in nonlethal blood or metabolic disorders, as demonstrated here for hemophilia.
Semi-supervised co-training and active learning framework for hyperspectral image classification (2015)

Hyperspectral imaging enables detailed ground cover classification with hundreds of spectral bands at each pixel. Rich spectral information can be a drawback since supervised classification of a hyperspectral image requires a balance between the number of training samples and its dimension. Achieving this balance requires a large number of training or ground truth samples, which is generally difficult, expensive and time-consuming. This led researchers to explore the use of semi-supervised learning techniques where new training samples (unlabeled) are obtained from a small set of available labeled samples without significant effort. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised approach which adapts active learning to a co-training framework in which the algorithm automatically selects new training samples from abundant unlabeled pixels. Efficacy of the proposed approach is validated using a probabilistic support vector machine classifier. Our experimental results with an Indian Pines hyperspectral image collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer indicate that the use of this co-training based approach represents promising strategy in the context of hyperspectral image classification.
A reduced sample rate bandpass sigma delta modulator (2003)

This paper introduces a bandpass sigma-delta converter which incorporates bandpass sampling, and which can therefore be clocked at frequencies well below the centre frequency of the input. The device is very efficient in terms of the hardware required. A concise theory of the device is given, and simulations are presented to confirm the theory.
Utility of nucleic acid amplification techniques for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa. (2001)

In this setting, the sensitivity of the low-cost PCR proved insufficient for its effective use as a tool for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, while AMTD performed considerably better than the current laboratory methods for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the high cost of this technology may limit its application in the public sector of low-income countries.