gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Exerts Broad Functional Opposition to Transforming Growth Factor-β in Primary Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (2004)

The natriuretic peptides, including human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac remodeling. Because transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is associated with profibrotic processes in heart failure, we tested whether BNP could inhibit TGF-beta-induced effects on primary human cardiac fibroblasts. BNP inhibited TGF-beta-induced cell proliferation as well as the production of collagen 1 and fibronectin proteins as measured by Western blot analysis. cDNA microarray analysis was performed on RNA from cardiac fibroblasts incubated in the presence or absence of TGF-beta and BNP for 24 and 48 hours. TGF-beta, but not BNP, treatment resulted in a significant change in the RNA profile. BNP treatment resulted in a remarkable reduction in TGF-beta effects; 88% and 85% of all TGF-beta-regulated mRNAs were affected at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. BNP opposed TGF-beta-regulated genes related to fibrosis (collagen 1, fibronectin, CTGF, PAI-1, and TIMP3), myofibroblast conversion (alpha-smooth muscle actin 2 and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), proliferation (PDGFA, IGF1, FGF18, and IGFBP10), and inflammation (COX2, IL6, TNFalpha-induced protein 6, and TNF superfamily, member 4). Lastly, BNP stimulated the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway via cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase signaling, and two mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059, reversed BNP inhibition of TGF-beta-induced collagen-1 expression. These findings demonstrate that BNP has a direct effect on cardiac fibroblasts to inhibit fibrotic responses via extracellular signal-related kinase signaling, suggesting that BNP functions as an antifibrotic factor in the heart to prevent cardiac remodeling in pathological conditions.
A 5-bit 2 GS/s binary-search ADC with charge-steering comparators (2017)

This paper presents a 5-bit 2GS/s binary-search ADC. The proposed architecture prevents the use of a decoder to avoid the path delay racing between control signals and clock phases; thence the bit latency reduces to 1 single comparator delay only. We also propose a dynamic charge-steering comparator to quantize each bit quickly. Besides, we present well-balanced 1-of-N-to-Binary encoders to transform the output code with low power. This ADC consumes 3.9mW at 2GS/s in 65nm CMOS. It achieves a SNDR of 28 dB at Nyquist rate resulting in a FoM of 95 fJ /conv.-step.
Pure and Saturated Red Electroluminescent Polyfluorenes with Dopant/Host System and PLED Efficiency/Color Purity Trade‐Offs (2010)

Abstract Three kinds of red electroluminescent (EL) polymers based on polyfluorene as blue host and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole derivatives with different emission wavelengths as red dopant units on the side chain are designed and synthesized. The influence of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies and emission wavelengths of red dopants on the EL efficiencies and color purities of the resulting polyfluorene copolymers of dopant/host system is investigated by adjusting the electron donating ability of the donor units in D‐ π ‐A‐D typed 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole derivatives. The devices of these red‐emitting polymers realize remarkable EL efficiency/color purity trade‐offs. The single‐layer devices with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/Ca/Al show pure red emission at 624 nm with a luminous efficiency of 3.83 cd A −1 and CIE of (0.63, 0.35) for PFR1, saturated red emission at 636 nm with a luminous efficiency of 2.29 cd A −1 and CIE of (0.64, 0.33) for PFR2, respectively. By introduction of an additional electron injection layer PF‐EP(Ethanol soluble phosphonate‐functionalized polyfluorene), high performance pure and saturated red emission two‐layer devices (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/PF‐EP/LiF/Al) were achieved with maximum luminous efficiencies of 5.50 cd A −1 and CIE of (0.62, 0.35) for PFR1, 3.10 cd A −1 and CIE of (0.63, 0.33) for PFR2, respectively, which are the best results for pure and saturated fluorescent red EL polymers reported so far.
Fluoroalkylcopper(I) Complexes Generated by the Carbocupration of Tetrafluoroethylene: Construction of a Tetrafluoroethylene-Bridging Structure (2014)

We report a copper-mediated synthesis of a variety of 1,2-difunctionalized-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene derivatives via the carbocupration of tetrafluoroethylene. The key synthetic intermediates, 2-aryl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylcopper complexes, can be easily prepared, stored, and used as fluoroalkylation reagents. The molecular structure was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR analysis. We applied this method to the short-step synthesis of a liquid-crystalline compound bearing a tetrafluoroethylene-bridging structure.
Simone Weil (2009)

Those who write about Simone Weil (1909–43) use strikingly similar vocabulary, describing her as ascetic, brilliant, enigmatic, a genius, heretical, mad, mercurial, an outsider, passionate, prophetic, revolutionary, spiritual and troubled. The list of frequently used terms is longer, but not by much. Aside from what these terms tell us about those who comment on her life and thought, they suggest how hard it can be to classify Weil's thought or locate her in a history of ideas. Weil simply does not fit snugly into a tradition or belong neatly to a school of thought. She admired Plato, but her interpretation of him is shot through with idiosyncrasies. Indebted to Karl Marx, she came to reject revolution. Enraptured by Catholic religion and in love with Jesus Christ, she saw in the Catholic Church an embodiment of the “Great Beast … the object of idolatry … an ersatz God” (Weil 2002: 164). A religious mystic, she thought atheism purified religion. Her writings, moreover, are fragmentary by comparison with those of other major modern thinkers. She published little, and what she did publish tended (with one exception, the 1934 political essay Oppression and Liberty) to be in the form of short articles in obscure journals. Her inclination to unfold her thinking by means of short pensées in the style of Blaise Pascal was fostered by her teacher, Alain (Emile Chartier), and later necessitated by the exigencies of the Second World War. The notebooks, in which Weil's thoughts appear in the sequence in which they occurred, were left in the hands of friends.
Effect of 12 month oral testosterone on testosterone deficiency symptoms in symptomatic elderly males with low-normal gonadal status (2004)

This study concludes that 80 mg bid oral TU does not improve overall ADAM questionnaire scores in older men with low-normal gonadal status. Oral TU may preserve mood and erectile function, as assessed by this questionnaire, particularly in men with the lowest testosterone levels.
Challenges and Research Directions for the Future Internetworking (2013)

We review the main challenges and survey promising techniques for network interconnection in the Internet of the future. To this end, we first discuss the shortcomings of the Internet's current model. Among them, many are consequence of unforeseen demands on the original Internet design such as: mobility, multihoming, multipath, and network scalability. These challenges have attracted significant research efforts in the latest years because of both their relevance and complexity. In this survey, for the sake of completeness, we cover several new protocols for network interconnection spanning both incremental deployments (evolutionary approach) and radical proposals to redesign the Internet from scratch (clean-slate approach). We focus on specific proposals for future internetworking such as: Loc/ID split, flat routing, network mobility, multipath and content-based routing, path programmability, and Internet scalability. Although there is no consensus on the future internetworking approach, requirements such as security, scalability, and incremental deployment are often considered.
The wild thing goes local (2007)

Suppose you are on a mobile device with no keyboard (e.g., a cell phone) and you want to perform a "near me" search. Where is the nearest pizza? How do you enter queries quickly? T9? The Wild Thing encourages users to enter patterns with implicit and explicit wild cards (regular expressions). The search engine uses Microsoft Local Live logs to find the most likely queries for a particular location. For example, 7#6 is short-hand for the regular expression: /^[PQRS].*[ ][MNO].*/, which matches "post office" in many places (but "Space Needle" in Seattle). Some queries are more local than others. Pizza is likely everywhere, whereas "Boeing Company," is very likely in Seattle and Chicago, moderately likely nearby, and somewhat likely elsewhere. Smoothing is important. Not every query is observed everywhere.
Multichannel Microwave Photonics Signals Summation Device (2010)

The realization and the characterization of a multichannel optical fiber-based microwave photonics summation device is presented. Fourteen optically carried 8-GHz microwave signals are summed with respect to their amplitude and their phase. The optical structure which is simply composed of a tapered set of fibers set in front of a planar photodiode is free of optical interference effect.
Detection of cyber intrusions using network-based multicast messages for substation automation (2014)

This paper proposes a new network-based cyber intrusion detection system (NIDS) using multicast messages in substation automation systems (SASs). The proposed network-based intrusion detection system monitors anomalies and malicious activities of multicast messages based on IEC 61850, e.g., Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Value (SV). NIDS detects anomalies and intrusions that violate predefined security rules using a specification-based algorithm. The performance test has been conducted for different cyber intrusion scenarios (e.g., packet modification, replay and denial-of-service attacks) using a cyber security testbed. The IEEE 39-bus system model has been used for testing of the proposed intrusion detection method for simultaneous cyber attacks. The false negative ratio (FNR) is the number of misclassified abnormal packets divided by the total number of abnormal packets. The results demonstrate that the proposed NIDS achieves a low fault negative rate.
In situ polymerization of graphene nanosheets and polyurethane with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties (2011)

Polyurethane (PU) composites reinforced with graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared by in situpolymerization. Graphene nanosheets, which were derived from chemically reduced graphite oxide (GO) nanosheets, were characterized by solid-state 13C MAS NMR, XRD and FTIR. A morphological study showed that, due to the formation of chemical bonds, the GNS was dispersed well in the PU matrix. With the incorporation of 2.0 wt% of GNSs, the tensile strength and storage modulus of the PU increased by 239% and 202%, respectively. The nanocomposites displayed high electrical conductivity, and good thermal stability of PU was also achieved. The facile and rapid technique presented here will provide an effective and promising method of preparing graphene-based polymer composites.
Psychiatric disorders in children with 16p11.2 deletion and duplication (2019)

Deletion and duplication of 16p11.2 (BP4-BP5) have been associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder. This is the first study to compare the frequency of a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders in children with 16p11.2 deletion and duplication. We aimed to evaluate (1) the nature and prevalence of psychopathology associated with copy number variation (CNV) in children with 16p11.2 by comparing deletion and duplication carriers with family controls; (2) whether deletion and duplication carriers differ in frequency of psychopathology. 217 deletion carriers, 77 deletion family controls, 114 duplication carriers, and 32 duplication family controls participated in the study. Measures included standardized research diagnostic instruments. Deletion carriers had a higher frequency of any psychiatric disorder (OR = 8.9, p < 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 4.0, p = 0.01), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (OR = 39.9, p = 0.01) than controls. Duplication carriers had a higher frequency of any psychiatric diagnosis (OR = 5.3, p = 0.01) and ADHD (OR = 7.0, p = 0.02) than controls. The prevalence of ASD in child carriers of deletions and duplications was similar (22% versus 26%). Comparison of the two CNV groups indicated a higher frequency of ADHD in children with the duplication than deletion (OR = 2.7, p = 0.04) as well as a higher frequency of overall psychiatric disorders (OR = 2.8, p = 0.02) and psychotic symptoms (OR = 4.7, p = 0.02). However, no differences between deletion and duplications carriers in the prevalence of ASD were found. Both deletion and duplication are associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder, supporting the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and intervention in these groups.
Pituitary hypoplasia in patients with a mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene. (2000)

We describe significant hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis occurring in four dwarfs with a nonsense mutation in the GHRH receptor. In addition to isolated growth hormone deficiency and severe dwarfism, affected patients have anterior pituitary hypoplasia, presumably due to somatotroph maldevelopment. Resistance to GHRH explains the hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis--a feature that contributes to growth hormone deficiency in this syndrome. This is one of the few instances in which the molecular basis of pituitary dysmorphogenesis has been identified.
More than words (2009)

Work on sentiment analysis often focuses on the words and phrases that people use in overtly opinionated text. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to the problem that focuses not on lexical indicators, but on the syntactic "packaging" of ideas, which is well suited to investigating the identification of implicit sentiment, or perspective. We establish a strong predictive connection between linguistically well motivated features and implicit sentiment, and then show how computational approximations of these features can be used to improve on existing state-of-the-art sentiment classification results.
Strategies for improved shock wave lithotripsy. (2005)

Research in lithotripsy that started with the effort to characterize acute shock wave damage to the kidney has led to advances on several fronts, including discovery of strategies that have improved clinical treatment. It is appreciated now that shock wave trauma is primarily a vascular lesion, that injury is dose dependent, and that hemorrhage can be severe and can lead to a permanent loss of functional renal mass. Studies of the renal functional response to lithotripsy have shown that shock wave treatment triggers vasoconstriction in the kidney. This finding has been turned to advantage, and it is now known that when treatment is begun using low amplitude pulses, subsequent high amplitude shock waves are far less damaging. Thus, when shock waves are delivered judiciously, treatment can have a protective effect. The finding that cavitation is a key mechanism in vessel rupture has led to the development of novel experimental methods of shock wave delivery that can suppress bubble expansion and minimize tissue damage. Progress has also been made in understanding the physical mechanisms involved in stone comminution, and it is seen that the forces generated by cavitation, shear stress and circumferential squeezing act synergistically to fragment stones. Recent work suggests that a broad focal zone may be an advantage, allowing stones to be broken with lower amplitude pulses. Cavitation has been shown to play a critical role in reducing stone fragments to a size that can be voided. Cavitation is also the factor that limits the rate at which treatment can be performed, as stones break significantly better at slow rate than at fast ratean observation from basic research that is now appreciated in clinical practice. The current environment in lithotripsy research is encouraging. There is great interest in developing new technology, and in finding ways to improve how lithotripsy is performed.
The Non-IID Data Quagmire of Decentralized Machine Learning (2019)

Many large-scale machine learning (ML) applications need to perform decentralized learning over datasets generated at different devices and locations. Such datasets pose a significant challenge to decentralized learning because their different contexts result in significant data distribution skew across devices/locations. In this paper, we take a step toward better understanding this challenge by presenting a detailed experimental study of decentralized DNN training on a common type of data skew: skewed distribution of data labels across devices/locations. Our study shows that: (i) skewed data labels are a fundamental and pervasive problem for decentralized learning, causing significant accuracy loss across many ML applications, DNN models, training datasets, and decentralized learning algorithms; (ii) the problem is particularly challenging for DNN models with batch normalization; and (iii) the degree of data skew is a key determinant of the difficulty of the problem. Based on these findings, we present SkewScout, a system-level approach that adapts the communication frequency of decentralized learning algorithms to the (skew-induced) accuracy loss between data partitions. We also show that group normalization can recover much of the accuracy loss of batch normalization.
Characteristics of submicrometer CMOS transistors in implanted-buried-oxide SOI films (1985)

Characteristics of submicrometer MOS transistors on SOI films have been studied. The SOI films were formed by implantation of a buried oxide layer followed by epitaxial growth of additional silicon. MOS transistors were fabricated using a process compatible with a submicrometer bulk CMOS process. The final SOI thicknesses were designed to be 220 and 520 nm after device Fabrication; the thickness of the implanted buried oxide was 400 nm. Satisfactory characteristics were obtained for CMOS transistors as short as 0.6 µm. In addition, abnormal impurity diffusion did not occur in these implanted-buried-oxide SOI films. Small -geometry effects, such as threshold-voltage shift, were less severe in the thin SOI films than in bulk wafers. In this paper we discuss submicrometer CMOS characteristics in thin SOI films and show that this technology offers significant potential for submicrometer CMOS in addition to the other advantages of SOI technology.
Single-Step Assembly of Multifunctional Poly(tannic acid)–Graphene Oxide Coating To Reduce Biofouling of Forward Osmosis Membranes (2016)

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have antibacterial properties that have been exploited as a biocidal agent used on desalination membrane surfaces in recent research. Nonetheless, improved strategies for efficient and stable attachment of GO nanosheets onto the membrane surface are still required for this idea to be commercially viable. To address this challenge, we adopted a novel, single-step surface modification approach using tannic acid cross-linked with polyethylene imine as a versatile platform to immobilize GO nanosheets to the surface of polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis (FO) membranes. An experimental design based on Taguchi's statistical method was applied to optimize the FO processing conditions in terms of water and reverse solute fluxes. Modified membranes were analyzed using water contact angle, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence, total organic carbon, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ζ potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These results show that membranes were modified with a nanoscale (<10 nm), smooth, hydrophilic coating that, compared to pristine membranes, improved filtration and significantly mitigated biofouling by 33% due to its extraordinary, synergistic antibacterial properties (99.9%).
Spontaneously formed functionally active avidin monolayers on metal surfaces: a strategy for immobilizing biological reagents and design of piezoelectric biosensors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneously formed functionally active avidin monolayers on metal surfaces: a strategy for immobilizing biological reagents and design of piezoelectric biosensorsRichard C. Ebersole, Jeffrey A. Miller, John R. Moran, and Michael D. WardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8, 3239–3241Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00164a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00164a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Two Isomeric Naphthodithiophenes and Their Methyl, Methylthio, and 2-Thienyl Derivatives; Application to Conductive Charge-Transfer Complexes and Low-Bandgap Polymers (2002)

Abstract Two isomeric naphthodithiophenes (syn-NDT and anti-NDT), isoelectronic with pyrene, as well as their dimethyl, bis(methylthio), and di(2-thienyl) derivatives have been successfully synthesized as novel peri-fused heteroaromatics. Among them, the parent syn-NDT and the di(2-thienyl) derivative of anti-NDT were examined by X-ray crystallographic analyses, revealing that the molecular structures comprise fairly planar, but considerably strained skeletal rings, and their crystal structures are characterized by a herringbone arrangement of uniform stacking columns. The UV/vis spectra of these heteroaromatics show considerable red-shifts of the π–π* transitions as compared to that of pyrene, making them chromogens ranging from yellow to purple. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that they have much stronger electron donating abilities than pyrene. Consequently, all of them, except for the methyl derivatives, can form highly conductive molecular complexes with iodine and DDQ. In addition, the electrochemical oxidation of the parent naphthodithiophenes and the di(2-thienyl) derivatives leads to the formation of conductive polymers, which show low HOMO–LUMO bandgaps upon undoping. In particular, both polymers of syn-NDT and anti-NDT have very low bandgaps of ca. 0.8 eV (77 kJ mol−1).