gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature (2008)

In 2007, 1179 papers were published that involved the application of optical biosensors. Reported developments in instrument hardware, assay design, and immobilization chemistry continue to improve the technology's throughput, sensitivity, and utility. Compared to recent years, the widest range of platforms, both traditional format and array-based, were used. However, as in the past, we found a disappointingly low percentage of well-executed experiments and thoughtful data interpretation. We are alarmed by the high frequency of suboptimal data and over-interpreted results in the literature. Fortunately, learning to visually recognize good--and more importantly, bad--data is easy. Using examples from the literature, we outline several features of biosensor responses that indicate experimental artifacts versus actual binding events. Our goal is to have everyone, from benchtop scientists to project managers and manuscript reviewers, become astute judges of biosensor results using nothing more than their eyes.
Antitumor activity and immunological properties of marine algal polysaccharides, especially fucoidan, prepared from Sargassum thunbergii of Phaeophyceae. (1994)

Marine algal polysaccharide, GIV-A from Sargassum thunbergii markedly inhibited the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma at the dose of 20 mg/kg per day X10 with no sign of toxicity in mice. GIV-A is suggested to be a hexouronic acid containing L-fucan sulfate, fucoidan by the analyses of physicochemical properties and IR- and NMR-spectra. The results of carbon clearance activity with fucoidan demonstrated that it is acting as a so-called activator of the reticuloendothelial system. Fucoidan enhanced the phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of macrophages. By the immunofluorescent method, binding of the third component of complement (C3) cleavage product to macrophages and the proportion of C3 positive cells were increased. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis, human serum C3 was converted by fucoidan and appeared as the 3rd peak (converted C3). The height of the 3rd peak was directly proportional to the doses of fucoidan. The residual CH50 units of human serum decreased dose-dependently. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of fucoidan is related to the enhancement of immune responses. The present results indicate that fucoidan may open new perspectives in cancer chemotherapy.
Formation of a muconate in aromatic ring cleavage of a .BETA.-O-4 lignin substructure model by lignin peroxidase. (1987)

Methyl muconate of arylglycerol was identified as a novel product of aromatic ring cleavage of a β-O-4 lignin substructure model dimer by lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The muconate is an immediate aromatic ring cleavage product of the β-O-4 dimer.
Home-based health monitoring of the elderly through gait recognition (2012)

In Europe, in particular, growing numbers of elderly people need sustainable elderly care, which the young are not able to provide. As an alternative, elderly care can be provided through home-based, automatic, health-monitoring systems. Here we propose data-mining algorithms in a system for the automatic recognition of health problems, activities and falls through the analysis of gait. The gait of the elderly is captured using a motion-capture system and the resulting time series of position coordinates are analyzed with a data-mining approach in order to classify it into five health states: 1) normal, 2) with hemiplegia, 3) with Parkinson's disease, 4) with pain in the back and 5) with pain in the leg, or into five activities/falls: 1) accidental fall, 2) unconscious fall, 3) walking, 4) standing/sitting, 5) lying down/lying. We propose and analyze four data-mining approaches: 1) CML – Classical machine-learning approach with raw sensor data, 2) SCML – Classical machine-learning approach with semantic attributes, 3) MDTW – Multidimensional dynamic time-warping approach with raw sensor data and 4) SMDTW – Multidimensional dynamic time-warping approach with semantic attributes. According to the results of the experiments, SMDTW achieved the highest classification accuracy of the four proposed approaches, and transforming the raw data into the semantic attributes significantly improved the performance of the approaches. Since the observed health problems are related also to postural instability and danger of falling, their early detection helps to prevent elderly people from falling.
Design of a missile autopilot using adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion (2005)

Traditional missile autopilot design typically uses a three loop feedback topology with gains dependent on the current flight condition of the missile. These gain values are obtained by interpolation on a predefined gain table. The gain values that make up this table are designed to balance performance and stability on the grid of flight conditions that define the missile's flight envelope. Robustness to parameter variation either requires a dense gain table, which necessitates a significant amount of on-board memory, or large stability margins, which may limit the aggressiveness of the missile's performance. This paper describes the continuing autopilot design project adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion (ANDI). The ANDI autopilot uses nonlinear dynamic inversion with an adaptive element to account for errors in the inversion process. A reference model is designed to provide the desired output performance. This technique allows the missile's performance to be tuned by simply adjusting a few reference model parameters. This results in a design that is robust with respect to aerodynamic modeling inaccuracies and to external disturbances.
논평 : 만성 B형간염의 항바이러스 치료에서 구제요법으로서 테노포비어 단독치료의 가능성 (2015)

Efficacy of Tenofovir-based Rescue Therapy for Patients with Drug-resistant Chronic Hepatitis B (Korean J Gastroenterol
A new approach to control crystallinity of resulting polymers: Self-condensing ring opening polymerization (2000)

The cationic polymerization of 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol was initiated using BF3·OEt2. The low ratio of catalyst to monomer results in a mainly linear or slightly branched polymer, and the high catalyst to monomer ratio leads to a hyperbranched polymer. The hyperbranched polyether yielded is amorphous, and the essentially linear version obtained is partially crystalline. In other words, the degree of branching and the crystallinity of resulting polymers are dependent on the catalyst to monomer ratio. Therefore a new approach to control the crystallinity of resulting polymers in self-condensing ring opening polymerization was developed.
Exhaust Emissions and Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Oxygen Enriched Intake Air (1978)

Abstract Oxygen was added to the intake air of a spark ignition engine to determine its effects on exhaust emissions and engine performance. Increasing the content of O2 in the intake air of the engine from 21 to 32 percent by volume, increased exhaust nitric oxide emissions, decreased exhaust hydrocarbon emissions, decreased thermal efficiency and permitted leaner engine operation. These effects can be largely attributed to high flame temperatures and/or flame speeds with Os enriched air.
Orientation of Cytochrome <i>c</i> Adsorbed on a Citrate-Reduced Silver Colloid Surface (1996)

Eukaryotic membrane bound cytochrome c is believed to use areas of negative and positive charge to bind to the membrane and to interact in vivo with the corresponding oxidase and reductase. This specific charge distribution makes the protein ideal for the formation of self-assembled layers on charged surfaces. Citrate-coated, hexagonal silver colloidal particles were used to give a negatively charged surface for adsorption, and the effect of concentration and surface coverage was studied by surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). Excitation was with a preresonant frequency where the angular dependence of the scattering intensity is more pronounced than in resonance. The heme ring plane lies at a slight angle to the silver surface at low surface coverage. The adherence of the protein to the negatively charged surface is strong (indicated by no detectable SERRS from protein in supernatant), and as packing density is increased, a reorientation of about 5° to a more vertical orientation is observed. No alteration in frequency of the principal bands can be observed, and therefore, no denaturation occurs. A more subtle change in the relative intensities suggests that there are two forms of packing with the difference in packing density determining the protein/protein orientation. Increase in pH causes reorientation of the protein to a more inclined orientation. The extent of the change is dependent upon protein packing density. Greater reorientation occurs at low densities.
The Development of Pragmatic Com petence: Past Findings and Future Directions for Research (1996)

The aim of this paper is to provide an informed background to the descriptions and discussions of child language that appear in this volume. Some of the background will be familiar to many readers, indeed so ingrained in our present understandings of the field of child language development that we take it all for granted. It has become what linguists call intuitive knowledge. The selected descriptions serve as a reminder of the complex processes involved in learning a language. The paper presents a framework for describing and understanding children s developing pragmatic competence and accompanying sociolinguistic strategies.
A Two-Hop Wireless Power Transfer System With an Efficiency-Enhanced Power Receiver for Motion-Free Capsule Endoscopy Inspection (2012)

This paper presents a wireless power transfer system for a motion-free capsule endoscopy inspection. Conventionally, a wireless power transmitter in a specifically designed jacket has to be connected to a strong power source with a long cable. To avoid the power cable and allow patients to walk freely in a room, this paper proposes a two-hop wireless power transfer system. First, power is transferred from a floor to a power relay in the patient's jacket via strong coupling. Next, power is delivered from the power relay to the capsule via loose coupling. Besides making patients much more conformable, the proposed techniques eliminate the sources of reliability issues arisen from the moving cable and connectors. In the capsule, it is critical to enhance the power conversion efficiency. This paper develops a switch-mode rectifier (rectifying efficiency of 93.6%) and a power combination circuit (enhances combining efficiency by 18%). Thanks to the two-hop transfer mechanism and the novel circuit techniques, this system is able to transfer an average power of 24 mW and a peak power of 90 mW from the floor to a 13 mm × 27 mm capsule over a distance of 1 m with the maximum dc-to-dc power efficiency of 3.04%.
Automated Monitoring and Analysis of Circuit Breaker Operation (2005)

This paper describes a solution for automated analysis of circuit breaker operation. The analysis is based on a record of waveforms taken from the circuit breaker control circuit by using a portable recorder and manually forcing an operation of the breaker. This solution was driven by a need to perform the analysis in a more timely and consistent manner than what is available with existing technology. The solution is implemented using advanced wavelet transforms for waveform feature extraction and an expert system for decision making. A web-based database solution for storing and retrieving both the field-recorded and processed data is also implemented. The software is developed in two versions: for field (substation) as well as off-line (office) applications.
Deciphering the role of endogenous opioids in high-frequency TENS using low and high doses of naloxone (2010)

Previous human studies have shown that the analgesic effect of high-frequency TENS could not be reversed by low doses of naloxone. The aim of the present study was to reinvestigate the possible contribution of opioid receptors to high-frequency TENS analgesia by using low (0.02 mg/kg) and high (0.14 mg/kg) doses of naloxone. Naloxone (high and low doses) and saline were administered intravenously to young healthy adults using a triple-blind randomized cross-over design. For each visit, TENS (100 Hz, 60 μs) was applied for 25 min to the external surface of the left ankle. TENS intensity was adjusted to obtain strong but comfortable (innocuous) paresthesias. Experimental pain was evoked with a 1 cm(2) thermode applied on the lateral aspect of the left heel. Subjective pain scores were obtained before, during and after TENS. Because preliminary analyses showed that the order of presentation affected the pattern of results, only the first visit of every participant could be analyzed without fear of contamination from possible carry-over effects. These revealed that TENS maintained its analgesic properties following the injection of saline (p<.001) and the injection of a low dose of naloxone (p<.05). However, when a high dose of naloxone was administered, TENS analgesia was completely blocked (p=.20). These results suggest that high-frequency TENS involves opioid receptors. An insufficient amount of opioid antagonist likely prevented previous human studies from discovering the importance of opioid receptors in producing high-frequency TENS analgesia.
Robust Vehicle Classification Based on the Combination of Deep Features and Handcrafted Features (2017)

Vehicle classification plays an important part in Intelligent Transport System. Recently, deep learning has showed outstanding performance in image classification. However, numerous parameters of the deep network need to be optimized which is time-consuming. PCANet is a light-weight deep learning network that is easy to train. In this paper, a new robust vehicle classification method is proposed, in which the deep features of PCANet, handcrafted features of HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) and HU moments are extracted to describe the content property of vehicles. In addition, the spatial location information is introduced to HU moments to improve its distinguishing ability. The combined features are input to SVM (Support Vector Machine) to train the classification model. The vehicles are classified into six categories, i.e. large bus, car, motorcycle, minibus, truck and van. We construct a VehicleDataset including 13700 vehicle images extracted from real surveillance videos to carry out the experiments. The average classification accuracy can achieve 98.34%, which is 4.49% higher than that obtained from the conventional methods based on "Feature + Classifier" and is also slightly higher than that from GoogLeNet (98.26%). The proposed method doesn't need GPU and has much greater convenience than GoogLeNet. The experimental results have demonstrated that for a specific task, the combination of the deep features obtained from light-weight deep learning network and the handcrafted features can achieve comparable or even higher performance compared to the deeper neural network.
A new nonlinear model predictive control scheme for discrete-time system based on sliding mode control (2001)

Nonlinear model predictive control, which is conceptually similar to its linear counterpart except that nonlinear dynamic model is used for process prediction and optimization, is a developing control field. The proposed nonlinear model predictive control scheme, which is called nonlinear sliding mode model predictive control, integrates model predictive control and sliding mode variable structure control. A feasible dual-mode control scheme is presented in the paper, sliding mode predictive controller is implemented while the system state is outside the terminal region, besides sliding mode variable structure control designed off-line is used. The resulting control scheme has strong points of the two control methods. By predicting the pre-designed switching function, the predictive control sequence can be found by solving constrained open-loop optimal control problem, and the current control is implemented. At next sampling time the optimizing procedure is repeated. By constraining terminal sliding mode with an inequality, the state is steered into the predesigned sliding mode region, then the closed-loop stability is proved, and furthermore the system performance is analyzed. With some conditions, the method can be extended to a quasi-infinite horizon formulation. Simulation results show that less calculation is needed.
Animal cell biotechnology : methods and protocols (2007)

Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition constitutes a comprehensive manual of state-of-the-art and new techniques for setting up mammalian cell lines for production of biopharmaceuticals, and for optimizing critical parameters for cell culture considering the whole cascade from lab to final production. The volume is divided into five parts that reflect the processes required for different stages of production. In Part I, basic techniques for establishment of production cell lines are addressed, especially transduction techniques, cells for gene therapy and antibody production. Part II addresses basic cultivation techniques, such as microcarrier culture and encapsulation. Part III covers cell characterization and analysis, including flow cytometric applications, NMR-based techniques, and biochemical and cytometric techniques. Part IV details cultivation techniques, such as disposable bioreactors, hollow fiber cell culture, fixed bed reactors, and configuration of bioreactors. Part V covers downstream techniques such as membrane filtration techniques, while Part VI describes special applications, including retroviral vectors. Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides a compendium of techniques for scientists in industrial and research laboratories that use mammalian cells for biotechnology purposes
Thermal post-synthetic modification of Al-MIL-53–COOH: systematic investigation of the decarboxylation and condensation reaction (2012)

Aluminium trimellitate [Al(OH)(BDC–COOH)]·0.9H2O (1), the Al-MIL-53–COOH derivative, was discovered under solvothermal conditions using a high-throughput set-up suitable for microwave (MW)-assisted heating. The compound shows high structural flexibility. The large-pore (lp) form of the framework is obtained under large excess of H2O or after solvothermal treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide upon which [Al(OH)(BDC–COOH)]·0.7DMF (2) is obtained. Exposure of the water rich lp form of 1 to ambient conditions leads to the transformation to the narrow-pore (np) form. Thermal activation of both compounds results in the formation of the empty lp form and the activation of 1 was studied in detail by in situ IR-spectroscopy. Depending on the activation temperature and time two post-synthetic modification (PSM) processes are observed: the partial decarboxylation and the formation of acid anhydride groups. Thus at high temperatures and long activation times [Al(OH)(BDC–OCOCO–BDC)x/2(BDC)y] (x + y = 1) is formed. Upon cooling in air the anhydride functionality still remains intact, but the np form is obtained in air due to the adsorption of H2O molecules. Sorption measurements of 1 confirm a preference for polar gases like H2O and CO2 in comparison to N2, H2, and CH4. The N2 capacity depends strongly on the degree of decarboxylation.
Effect of<i>Bacillus cereus</i>UW85 on the Yield of Soybean at Two Field Sites in Wisconsin (1995)

Bacillus cereus strain UW85 was evaluated for its effect on the yield of three cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) over five seasons at two Wisconsin field sites where Phytophthora sojae was present naturally and that had low to severe disease potential for Phytophthora dampingoff and root rot. The soybean cultivars, selected on the basis of genetic resistance to Phytophthora root rot, were 29725-15G (susceptible), DSR-262 (tolerant), and Elgin 87 (resistant, Rps1-k allele). Soybeans were treated at planting with spore-based formulations of B. cereus or metalaxyl, applied in-furrow or to the seed. At Racine, Wisconsin, higher soybean yields were consistently associated with the genetically tolerant and resistant cultivars. Certain B. cereus treatments provided a significant yield benefit for the susceptible cultivar in all five growing seasons, and for all cultivars in 1990 when the disease pressure was especially high. At Whitewater, Wisconsin, higher yields were not associated with genetic resistance to Phytophthora root rot and there was evidence of pre-emergence damping-off. For the susceptible cultivar, yields for B. cereus treatments and metalaxyl did not differ significantly from the untreated control except in 1990, when yield and stand counts benefited from those treatments. Yield of the resistant cultivar was improved significantly by treatment with either B. cereus or metalaxyl in 1990, 1991, and 1992. The formulation of B. cereus influenced efficacy: clay granule formulations of UW85 applied in-furrow were the most consistent, but no single formulation of either B. cereus or metalaxyl exhibited efficacy at both sites and in all years. These data suggest that B. cereus improved soybean yield under conditions in which Phytophthora root rot influenced yield as well as under conditions in which other factors influenced yield
Effects of Dermatan Sulfate and Heparin on Inhibition of Thrombus Growth <i>in Vivo</i> (1989)

The effects of dermatan sulfate and heparin on inhibition of fibrin accretion onto existing thrombi as related to their ex vivo anticoagulant activity and abilities to inhibit increased prothrombin clearance induced by thrombi were investigated. Our results indicate that for equivalent anti-thrombin activities, dermatan sulfate is a more effective inhibitor of fibrin accretion onto existing thrombi than is heparin. These observations raise the possibility that in some clinical conditions dermatan sulfate, rather than heparin, may be a better antithrombotic agent of choice. This beneficial effect of dermatan sulfate appears to be unrelated to anti-factor Xa activity either endogenous to dermatan sulfate itself (which is unlikely since it does not catalyze factor Xa inhibition) or to anti-factor Xa activity associated with other glycosaminoglycans released into the circulation following dermatan sulfate administration since this activity is less than that associated with heparin treatment. It is more likely that dermatan sulfate mediates this beneficial effect by more effectively inhibiting thrombin within a thrombus than can heparin. This possibility is supported by the ability of dermatan sulfate to normalize prothrombin consumption in animals with existing thrombi.
Active noise cancellation in ducts using internal model-based control algorithms (1996)

A feedback control algorithm based on the internal model principle is proposed to solve the active noise control (ANC) problem in ducts. Because of its infinite open-loop gain at selected frequencies, the controller is able, at the cancellation speaker position, to block noise transmission of these frequencies. In other words, the speaker acts like a totally reflective boundary. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using the Nyquist criterion. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis, showing an average noise level reduction of 30 to 40 dB at the target frequencies.