gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical Management of Peyronie's Disease (2009)

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a wound-healing disorder in which a fibrotic plaque forms in the tunica albuginea layer of the penis. It clinically presents as any combination of penile pain, angulation, and erectile dysfunction. Recent studies indicate that PD has a prevalence of 3%-9% in adult men. Although the exact etiology has not been established, PD likely results from a predisposing genetic susceptibility combined with an inciting event such as microtrauma during intercourse. During the initial acute phase (6-18 months), the condition may progress, stabilize, or regress. For this reason authorities recommend a more conservative treatment approach, with a trial of oral and/or intralesional pharmacotherapy, before surgical reconstruction is considered. Oral therapies most commonly employed include tocopherol (vitamin E) and paraaminobenzoate (Potaba), with colchicine, tamoxifen, propoleum, and acetyl-L-carnitine being used less often. There are a limited number of long-term placebo-controlled studies with these oral agents, and for the most part, studies have failed to show a consistent beneficial effect. Intralesional injection therapy for PD is more commonly used as a first-line therapy. The current standard of care includes injection with interferon-alpha-2b, verapamil, or collagenase. Interferon-alpha-2b, in particular, has been documented in a large, multicenter, placebo-controlled study to show significant benefit over placebo in decreasing penile curvature, plaque size, penile pain, and plaque density. However, intralesional interferon is associated with posttreatment flu-like symptoms unless patients are premedicated with a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent. Other available therapies that have not consistently shown efficacy in placebo-controlled studies include corticosteroids, orgotein, radiation, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Surgery is considered when men with PD do not respond to conservative or medical therapy for approximately 1 year and cannot perform satisfactory sexual intercourse. Ongoing basic research in PD will likely identify future targets for medical exploitation.
Development of a Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus as a Novel Molecular Method for Diagnosis of Pandemic Influenza in Resource-Limited Settings (2010)

This paper reports on the development of a one-step, real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) gene for the rapid molecular-based detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. The detection limit of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus HA-specific RT-LAMP assay was same as that of the currently used real-time reverse transcription-PCR method. The assay detected the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus HA gene in 136 RNA samples extracted from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from Japanese and Vietnamese patients. No cross-reactive amplification with the RNA of other seasonal influenza viruses was observed, and the detection of specific viral genome targets in clinical specimens was achieved in less than 40 min. The sensitivity and specificity of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus HA-specific RT-LAMP assay obtained in this study were 97.8% and 100%, respectively. Use of the (H1N1) 2009 virus HA-specific RT-LAMP assay will enable the faster and easier diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, especially in resource-limited situations in developing countries.
Across-wafer channeling variations on batch implanters: a graphical technique to analyze spinning disk systems (2002)

Larger wafer sizes exacerbate across-wafer channeling variations in spinning disk implanters. As geometries shrink, tighter control of localized and across-wafer uniformities and dopant depth profiles are forcing implant technologists to understand the details of channeling effects. We report a simple technique for analysis of across-wafer channeling variations in terms of implant angle variations on batch wafer spinning disk systems for <100> silicon. This technique is valid for both fixed angle and variable angle systems with polar tilt/twist or gyroscopic dual tilt systems.
Study on Subsurface Damage Model of the Ground Monocrystallinge Silicon Wafers (2009)

In order to better understand the grinding mechanism, the rough, semi-fine and fine ground silicon wafer subsurface damage models are experimentally investigated with the aid of advanced measurement methods. The results show that the rough ground wafer subsurface damage model is composed of large quantity of microcracks with complicated configurations, high density dislocations, stalk faults and elastic deformation layer. Among them microcracks, dislocations and stalk faults are dominant. Apart from the above damage, the amorphous layer and polycrystalline layer (Si-I, Si-III, Si-IV and Si-XII) exist in the semi-fine ground and fine ground wafer subsurface damage models. The amorphous layer depth firstly increases from rough grinding to semi-fine grinding and then decreases from semi-fine grinding to fine grinding. The damage model can be divided in severe damage part and elastic deformation part with high stress. When the material is removed by ductile mode two parts are all small and the ratio of second part is relatively great.
3-(4-Geranyloxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-trans Propenoic Acid: A Novel Promising Cancer Chemopreventive Agent (2006)

3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid is a secondary metabolite biosynthetically related to ferulic acid in which a geranyl chain is attached to the phenolic group, extracted from Acronychia baueri Schott (Fam. Rutaceae). In the last five years some of the pharmacological properties of 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid and its semisynthetic derivatives began to be characterized. In particular the ethyl ester showed a series of interesting biological effects such colon and tongue cancers chemoprevention by dietary feeding in rats and other effects closely related to cancer growth and development. Then 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid becomes a novel candidate as chemopreventive drug for the cure of various types of cancer and synthesis of some novel derivatives of 3-(4'-geranyloxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-trans propenoic acid, other than esters, has been recently reported. The aim of this review is to examine in detail the properties of the title compound so far reported in the literature from a chemical and pharmacological point of view.
The Positive Effect of Nitrogen Alloying of Tool Steels Used in Sheet Metal Forming (2013)

Sheet metal forming processes are mechanical processes, designed to make products from metal sheet without material removal. These processes are applied extensively by the manufacturing industry to produce commodities such as heat exchangers or panels for automotive applications. They are suitable for production in large volumes. A typical problem in forming operations is accumulation of local sheet material adherents onto the tool surface, which may deteriorate the subsequent products. This tool failure mechanism is named galling. The aim of this work is to explain the mechanisms behind galling and establish factors how it can be reduced. The focus of this work is on the influence of tool material for minimum risk of galling. Experimental tool steels alloyed with nitrogen were designed and manufactured for systematic tribological evaluation. Reference tool materials were conventional cold forming tool steels and coated tool steels. The sheet material was austenitic stainless steel AISI 304, which is sensitive for galling. A variety of lubricants ranging from low to high viscous lubricants were used in the evaluation. The properties of the tool materials were characterized analytically and their tribological evaluation included industrial field tests and several laboratory-scale tests. The testing verified that nitrogen alloying has a very positive effect for improving galling resistance of tool steels. Tool lives comparable to the coated tool steels were achieved even with low viscous lubricants without poisonous additives. The hypothesis used for the explanation of the positive effect of nitrogen alloying is based on the critical local contact temperature at which the lubrication deteriorates. Therefore, the contact mechanism at the tool-sheet interface and the local energy formation were studied systematically. Theoretical considerations complemented with FEA analysis showed that a small size of hard particles with a high volume fraction gives low local contact loads, which leads to low frictional heating. Also, an even spacing between the hard particles and their frictional properties are of importance. Nitrogen alloyed tool steels have these properties in the form of small carbonitrides. The finding of this work can be applied to a wide range of applications that involve sliding metal contacts under severe tribological loading.
Formation and Aqueous Surface Wettability of Polysiloxane Nanofibers Prepared via Surface Initiated, Vapor-Phase Polymerization of Organotrichlorosilanes (2007)

The formation of high aspect ratio organosiloxane fibers of nanodimensionality via the surface-induced vapor-phase polymerization of vinyltrichlorosilane is reported. We also demonstrate the versatility of our method by producing fibers of various densities, polydispersities, and lengths. Nanofibers were characterized using SEM, EDX, XPS, TOF-SIMS, and variable-angle FTIR. Advancing aqueous contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the nanofiber surface wettability.
Analysis of oligonucleotides and unincorporated nucleotides from in vitro transcription by capillary electrophoresis in Pluronic F127 gels (2001)

Small functional RNAs required for structure studies are often prepared by in vitro transcription. Capillary electrophoresis in liquid crystalline gels of Pluronic F127 was used to analyze unfractionated in vitro transcription reactions and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions from transcription reactions. Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), the four nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), abortive transcripts, and transcripts with lengths near the desired product length were simultaneously resolved and quantified in a single run. Oligonucleotides up to at least 35 nucleotides were resolved to baseline within 10 min using a moderate field (185 V/cm) and short effective capillary length (7.6 cm) for electrophoresis in 20% Pluronic F127 at pH 8.3 in Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer (30°C). Nucleotide migration times were 4—5 min, in the order UTP+CTP (unresolved) <ATP<GTP<GMP. A single capillary filling was reused for 40—50 runs with little decrease in performance, and for up to 100 runs with performance acceptable for many applications. Higher electric fields appeared to affect the gel structure and necessitated more frequent capillary refilling. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) of HPLC fractions in Pluronic gels facilitates rapid recovery of RNA products and the large remaining amounts of valuable, isotopically labeled NTPs. In addition, comparison of electrophoretic patterns under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions yields insights into potential conformational heterogeneity of the folded nucleic acid states. CGE in Pluronic gels provides a rapid, highly discriminating means for analyzing in vitro transcription reactions.
Real Time Control of a Robot Tacticle Sensor (1981)

The goal of the Experimental Sensory Processor project is to build a system which employs both visual and tactile senses, and then explore their interaction in a robotic environment. Here we describe the software involved in the low level control of the tactile branch of this system, and present results of some simple experiments performed with a prototype tactile sensor.
Active control of low-frequency sound transmission between rooms (1992)

The sound insulation properties of many structures mounted between adjacent rooms are known to be poor at low frequencies. The feasibility of using acoustic secondary sources in either the source room, or in the receiving room, to actively control the sound transmitted from one room to the other via a common panel has been investigated. A theoretical formulation for such low-frequency sound transmission was first developed. The effects of three different active control strategies were then investigated, using computer simulations with a pure-tone primary source, for a number of different room and panel arrangements. The first strategy involved minimizing the total acoustic potential energy in the source room using a secondary source in the source room. It was found that this could cause increases in the acoustic energy transmitted into the receiving room at some excitation frequencies. Second, the total acoustic potential energy in the receiving room was minimized using a secondary source in the receiving room. This strategy generally produced rather small reductions of sound energy in the receiving room. Finally, the approach of minimizing the total acoustic potential energy in the receiving room using a secondary acoustic source in the source room was investigated. This turned out to be the most successful strategy, giving significant reductions in transmitted sound energy, particularly for excitation frequencies at which only a few acoustic modes of the source room or structural modes of the panel were excited. These reductions in transmitted sound energy may, however, be accompanied by increases in the sound energy in the source room.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies against a Feline CD Antigen (CD4) Expressed by a Recombinant Baculovirus. (1997)

We attempted to establish a system to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing CD antigens on lymphocytes of domestic animals using the expressed CD antigens by a baculovirus expression system. For this purpose, we selected feline CD4 (fCD4) antigen and expressed it in an insect cell line (Sf9 cells). To obtain mAbs, BALB/c mice were immunized with feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (fPBMCs) or Sf9 cells expressing the fCD4 (Sf-fCD4 cells), and then hybridomas secreting antibodies were screened by indirect immunofluorescence assay against the opposite antigens of Sf-fCD4 cells or fPBMCs, respectively. Five mAbs recognizing the fCD4 were obtained in total. The system established here might be useful to obtain mAbs recognizing CD antigens of domestic animals.
Experimental demonstration of a 10 gbit/s/wavelength 27 km-reach WDM/TDM-PON based on reconfigurable OADM and colourless ONU (2009)

We present experiments on a wavelength-flexible WDM/TDM-PON with an integrated reconfigurable OADM and a reflective electro-absorption modulator. We successfully transmit multiple wavelength channels of 10 Gbit/s each over 27 km SSMF in different bandwidth allocation schemes.
The role of cell adhesion and migration in the in vitro invasiveness of mouse adrenal carcinoma cells. (1990)

Using the Matrigel invasion assay, we have examined the role of cell adhesion and migration in the invasiveness of two cell lines, DM and HSR, derived from the Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor. The DM cells were metastatic and more invasive (10-fold) than the nonmetastatic HSR cells. The difference in invasiveness could not be ascribed to different levels of secreted type IV collagenolytic activity since HSR cells secreted higher levels of activity. Cells from the metastatic DM line showed greater motility to both laminin and fibronectin when compared to the HSR line. Furthermore, both Matrigel and laminin promoted the attachment and spreading of DM cells but they had little effect on the adhesion of the HSR cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed an increased ruffling of the cell membrane in the metastatic DM line. These studies suggest a role for cell adhesion and migration on the invasion of Matrigel by malignant tumor cells.
Treatment of asymptomatic vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an open-label pilot randomized controlled trial (2011)

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12609001052224.
HIGH TEMPERATURE, CORROSION RESISTANT FLAME SPRAYED PROTECTIVE COATINGS MADE FROM REFRACTORY MATERIALS (1962)

Descriptions are given of combustion flame and plasma flame type spray guns used to apply refractory materials as protective coatings to resist corrosion, abrasion, and high temperatures. A comparison is given of three types of flame spraying processes: combustion powder spraying, combustion rod spraying, and plasma flame spraying. Some recent research and development on the coating materials is outlined and applications of the three types of spraying processes are given. (P.C.H.)
Role of trabecular microarchitecture and its heterogeneity parameters in the mechanical behavior of ex vivo human L3 vertebrae (2010)

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a strong risk factor for vertebral fracture risk in osteoporosis. However, many fractures occur in people with moderately decreased or normal BMD. Our aim was to assess the contributions of trabecular microarchitecture and its heterogeneity to the mechanical behavior of human lumbar vertebrae. Twenty-one human L(3) vertebrae were analyzed for BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and then tested in axial compression. Microarchitecture heterogeneity was assessed using two vertically oriented virtual biopsies--one anterior (Ant) and one posterior (Post)--each divided into three zones (superior, middle, and inferior) and using the whole vertebral trabecular volume for the intraindividual distribution of trabecular separation (Tb.Sp*SD). Heterogeneity parameters were defined as (1) ratios of anterior to posterior microarchitectural parameters and (2) the coefficient of variation of microarchitectural parameters from the superior, middle, and inferior zones. BMD alone explained up to 44% of the variability in vertebral mechanical behavior, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) up to 53%, and trabecular architecture up to 66%. Importantly, bone mass (BMD or BV/TV) in combination with microarchitecture and its heterogeneity improved the prediction of vertebral mechanical behavior, together explaining up to 86% of the variability in vertebral failure load. In conclusion, our data indicate that regional variation of microarchitecture assessment expressed by heterogeneity parameters may enhance prediction of vertebral fracture risk.
The expression of Müllerian inhibiting substance/anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor protein and mRNA in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian neoplasia (2009)

This study investigated the expression patterns of Müllerian inhibiting substance/anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor (MIS/AMHRII) and mRNA in various types of ovarian neoplasia and evaluated the clinical significance of MIS/AMH as a biological response modifier for MIS/AMHR-positive tumors. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to detect MIS/AMHRII mRNA expression and in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to localize MIS/AMHRII mRNA and protein expression. The degree of expression was scored from 0 (no staining) to 3 (strong staining). There was no significant difference in expression intensity between MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA on all ovarian samples whether benign or malignant. MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA were weakly expressed on 45.45% of benign ovarian tumors. In borderline tumors, expression rates of MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA were 77.78% with score 1.22 and 55.56% with score 1, respectively. In malignant ovarian tumors, expression rates of MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA were 70% with score 1.23 and 75% with score 1.43, respectively. Among malignant ovarian tumors, sex cord stromal tumors showed the highest expression rate and the strongest intensity of MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA followed by germ cell tumor and epithelial ovarian tumor. Non-epithelial malignant tumors showed stronger expression than that of epithelial tumors (P<0.05, P<0.001, respectively). In serous borderline malignant and malignant tumors, MIS/AMHRII protein and mRNA expression was 63.64 and 81.82% with expression intensity of 1.27 and 1.46, respectively, which were not statistically different from non-epithelial malignant tumors. MIS/AMHRII and MIS/AMHRII mRNA demonstrate significantly variable expression among different ovarian tumor types. Non-epithelial cell tumors show higher expression than those of epithelial cell tumors. The highest expression rate and intensity were observed on sex cord stromal tumors. MIS/AMHRII expression was not different according to the differentiation, but showed tissue-type specificity. These data support that MIS/AMH may be used as a biological modifier or therapeutic modulator in MIS/AMHRII-expressed ovarian tumors.
Cell phone jammer (2008)

This paper describes the design and implementation of two alternative techniques for jamming cell-phone communication, noise attack and spectrum distortion technique. Foreign leading electronic companies have already introduced the first technique of jamming through noise attack or denial of service, in market. Our aim is to come up with a new technique which is more robust and cost effective. In this research paper, we have compared the performance of old jamming technique with the new technique in various aspects like cost, power consumption, design complexity, robustness, coverage area, components availability and performance.
Intelligent Equipment Health Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Wavelets: the Status of Research and Industrial Applications (2013)

This paper aims to take stock of the recent research literature on application of wavelets toequipment health diagnosis. First, a brief review of wavelet basics is presented. This is followedby an examination and classification of the existing literature. Next, an extensive discussion ofthe research issues with reference to significant research papers is presented. Finally, aftersummarizing the survey, a set of general guidelines for future applications of wavelets toequipment health diagnosis is outlined.