gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Determination of Total and Solid Fat Contents in Chocolate Products by Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1985)

ABSTRACT A rapid pulsed NMR method of fat analysis in chocolate without prior solvent extraction was developed. Total fat content of 43 chocolate products was determined at 60°C using sucrose‐oil mixtures as standards. Solid fat content (SFC) was calculated from the liquid oil content at different temperatures. Total fat content agreed to 0.90% standard error of prediction as compared with the Soxhlet method. SFC as determined by NMR correlated well with the dilatometry (r = 0.98) and the DSC (r = 0.96) results. This technique is suitable for quality control of chocolate and other lowmoisture, high‐fat products.
Distributing LHC application software and conditions databases using the CernVM file system (2011)

The CernVM File System (CernVM-FS) is a read-only file system designed to deliver high energy physics (HEP) experiment analysis software onto virtual machines and Grid worker nodes in a fast, scalable, and reliable way. CernVM-FS decouples the underlying operating system from the experiment denned software stack. Files and file metadata are aggressively cached and downloaded on demand. By designing the file system specifically to the use case of HEP software repositories and experiment conditions data, several typically hard problems for (distributed) file systems can be solved in an elegant way. For the distribution of files, we use a standard HTTP transport, which allows exploitation of a variety of web caches, including commercial content delivery networks. We ensure data authenticity and integrity over possibly untrusted caches and connections while keeping all distributed data cacheable. On the small scale, we developed an experimental extension that allows multiple CernVM-FS instances in a computing cluster to discover each other and to share their file caches.
Introduction (2017)

Abstract In this chapter I lay out the motivation for the info-metrics framework, dealing the science of modeling, inference, and reasoning under conditions of noisy and insufficient information, and the overall objectives of the book. I then provide the plan of the book, a guide to potential readers and a brief historical perspective.
Polytetrahedral Nature of the Dense Disordered Packings of Hard Spheres (2007)

We study the structure of numerically simulated hard sphere packings at different densities by investigating local tetrahedral configurations of the spheres. Clusters of tetrahedra adjacent by faces present relatively dense aggregates of spheres atypical for crystals. The number of spheres participating in such polytetrahedral configurations increases with densification of the packing, and at the Bernal's limiting density (the packing fraction around 0.64) all spheres of the packing become involved in such tetrahedra. Thus the polytetrahedral packing cannot provide further increase in the density, and alternative structural change (formation of crystalline nuclei) begins henceforth.
THE DUTIES OF THE MISTRESS (2010)

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Expression and function of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 in thyroid cancer (2016)

The contribution of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis to cancer progression has been increasingly recognized. However, its role in thyroid cancer development remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the expression and function of CXCL12 and its receptors in thyroid cancer. The expression of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 in human tissue specimens of papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, follicular adenoma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nodular goiter were examined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. CXCR4 and CXCR7 were over-expressed in human thyroid cancer cells K1 by transduction of recombinant lentivirus. The effect of overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on K1 cell proliferation and invasion and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect were investigated. CXCL12 was exclusively expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue but absent in other types of thyroid malignancies and benign lesions. CXCR7 was widely expressed in the endothelial cells of all types of malignancy but only occasionally detected in benign lesions. CXCR4 was expressed in 62.5% of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue specimens and in 30-40% of other types of malignancy, and it was either absent or weakly expressed in benign lesions. CXCL12 stimulated the invasion and migration of K1 cells overexpressing CXCR4, but did not affect K1 cells overexpressing CXCR7. K1 cell proliferation was not affected by overexpression of CXCR4 or CXCR7. Overexpression of CXCR4 in K1 cells significantly increased AKT and ERK phosphorylation and markedly induced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP‑2). Thus, CXCL12 may be an effective diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma, and CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis may contribute to thyroid cancer development by regulating cancer cell migration and invasion via AKT and ERK signaling and MMP-2 activation.
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Tension on the Metabolism of Methylated Amines in Hyphomicrobium X in the Absence and Presence of Nitrate: Evidence for 'Aerobic' Denitrification (1980)

Hyphomicrobium X possesses two different enzymes for the oxidation of dimethylamine, namely dimethylamine dehydrogenase and dimethylamine mono-oxygenase. During growth of the organism in batch culture at dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT) in excess of 30 mmHg in media containing trimethylamine as the carbon and energy source, dimethylamine mono-oxygenase was the only enzyme involved in dimethylamine oxidation. The apparent K m of the mono-oxygenase for oxygen was relatively high (23.2 μ m). The enzyme was less sensitive to inhibition by trimethylamine (K i 4·2 mm) than was dimethylamine dehydrogenase (K i 7·1 μ m) and therefore dimethylamine did not accumulate in the culture medium under these conditions. This was in contrast to observations made during anaerobic growth on trimethylamine. During growth of the organism in dimethylamine-limited chemostat cultures, the specific activities of the mono-oxygenase and the dehydrogenase were dependent on the DOT in the culture. When the DOT in the culture growing at a dilution rate of 0.10 h−1 was decreased below 30 mmHg, the activity of the mono-oxygenase also decreased. In contrast, the activity of dimethylamine dehydrogenase increased, indicating that this enzyme gradually took over at the lower DOT. Below values of 5 mmHg the culture became oxygen-limited and below 3 mmHg it was washed out. When the organism was grown at low DOT in medium supplemented with nitrate, essentially the same results were obtained, except that wash-out of the culture under anaerobic conditions did not occur. The organism was able to carry out denitrification under ‘partly aerobic’ conditions (DOT 0 to 20 mmHg at a dilution rate of 0·10 h−1). Over this range of DOT, the mono-oxygenase hardly played a role in dimethylamine oxidation in vivo because the enzyme was inhibited by the nitrite which accumulated in the culture to a concentration of 3 mm. The potential of Hyphomicrobium X to denitrify in the presence of oxygen was dependent on the growth rate of the organism. At low growth rates (0·01 h−1) synthesis of nitrate reductase, which largely determined the rate of nitrate reduction in the culture, was already significant at relatively high DOT (up to 50 mmHg). At high growth rates (0·15 h−1) nitrate reductase activity became apparent only at DOT values below 6 mmHg. The kinetics and the possible ecological significance of this ‘aerobic’ denitrification process are discussed.
Selective Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Human Cytomegalovirus Proteases. (2001)

The proteases encoded by herpesviruses including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are attractive targets for antiviral drug development because of their important roles in viral replication. We randomly screened a chemical compound library for inhibitory activity against HSV-1 protease. 1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene and three naphthoquinones were found to be potent inhibitors of HSV-1 protease with IC50 values of 6.4 to 16.9 microM. Inhibitory mode analysis of the compounds against HSV-1 protease suggested that, in spite of structural similarities, only 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene was a competitive inhibitor, whereas the three naphthoquinones were noncompetitive inhibitors. Among all assayed dihydroxynaphthalene derivatives in the chemical compound library, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene proved to be the most potent inhibitor of HSV-1 protease. Therefore, the two hydroxyl groups located at positions 1 and 4 on the naphthalene structure seemed essential for exertion of a potent inhibitory activity against HSV-1 protease. In addition, we have found that these compounds are also potent inhibitors of HCMV protease with extremely low micromolar IC50 values. This differed from the results of inhibitory mode analysis of HSV-1 protease, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene was a noncompetitive inhibitor of HCMV protease, and three naphthoquinones were competitive inhibitors. These compounds showed no effective inhibitory activity against several mammalian serine proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin and Factor Xa) at 100 microM. These results suggest that 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene and three naphthoquinones may be useful in the development of nonpeptidic antiherpesvirus agents.
Comparison of <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> Provenances and Seed Orchards in a Frost Frequent Environment (1991)

SYNOPSIS An international provenance trial of Eucalyptus grandis was established in southern Florida in 1980 and measured for growth and frost-tolerance through 8,8 years. The trial compared 20 Australian provenances 1) among themselves and 2) with seed orchard stock from Florida and South Africa. Florida orchard seedlots grew better than nearly all other material, including a South African clonal seed orchard bulklot. Provenance variability was significant for growth, survival, and frost-tolerance, with some provenances notably more frost-tolerant than provenances previously introduced into the Florida breeding population. Only the Herberton provenance was comparable to advanced-generation Florida seedlots in all critical traits. Importation of some provenances from the northern part of the species range may be warranted to broaden the genetic base of E. grandis in Florida. Further comparisons in a supplemental study and a Florida genetic base population also noted variation between relatively close provenances and provenances by site interaction for growth characteristics. Provenances superior as early as age one year in the field were usually best at 8,8 years, but the tallest seedlings in the nursery did not maintain superiority in the field. Soil types influenced growth significantly, and provenance X soil type interactions were common. Single-tree plots evaluated provenances much more efficiently than block plots.
An unconventional approach to automatic vehicle location and control for urban transit (2003)

A low-cost system that makes use of simple passive tags on buses is being developed. These tags are detected at strategically-placed locations throughout the service area. Tests of two technologies (surface acoustic wave and modulated backscatter) which could accommodate this system concept are described. The user requirements in the areas of service control, public information, and planning and management information are discussed. For service control, an exception-based reporting approach will be taken. The locations of on-street detectors will be based on the control strategies available at individual sites. A system designed to provide passengers at busy bus stops with information about the order of approaching buses is described. Real-time bus location information will also be used to update automatically a computerized telephone information system. Service monitoring for planning and management information will be enhanced by the addition of detectors at points other than those selected for service control, and the passage of vehicles will be recorded at all times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of an advanced SiH/sub 4/ based self-aligned barrier process for Cu BEOL reliability performance improvement on industrial 110 nm technology (2005)

The paper deals with the introduction of an innovative self-aligned capping layer leading to the formation of a Cu/Si/N mixed interface. The process was first developed targeting the aggressive 65 nm technology node and below. After optimisation, the process was successfully introduced in a well known Cu/FSG integration scheme prior to SiN etch stop layer deposition; process interest and maturity was demonstrated on 300 mm wafers in a 110 nm technology node by showing both its full compatibility with industrial requirements for stabilized technology and clear performance improvements in terms of electrical performance, defectivity and resistance to electromigration. These results open large perspectives for the integration of a Si-based self-aligned barrier on Cu lines, the process capability covering several technology nodes used either in addition to thin dielectric barriers or as a single capping of the copper lines.
Ordering Chaos: Memory-Aware Scheduling of Irregularly Wired Neural Networks for Edge Devices (2020)

Recent advances demonstrate that irregularly wired neural networks from Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and Random Wiring can not only automate the design of deep neural networks but also emit models that outperform previous manual designs. These designs are especially effective while designing neural architectures under hard resource constraints (memory, MACs, . . . ) which highlights the importance of this class of designing neural networks. However, such a move creates complication in the previously streamlined pattern of execution. In fact one of the main challenges is that the order of such nodes in the neural network significantly effects the memory footprint of the intermediate activations. Current compilers do not schedule with regard to activation memory footprint that it significantly increases its peak compared to the optimum, rendering it not applicable for edge devices. To address this standing issue, we present a memory-aware compiler, dubbed SERENITY, that utilizes dynamic programming to find a sequence that finds a schedule with optimal memory footprint. Our solution also comprises of graph rewriting technique that allows further reduction beyond the optimum. As such, SERENITY achieves optimal peak memory, and the graph rewriting technique further improves this resulting in 1.68x improvement with dynamic programming-based scheduler and 1.86x with graph rewriting, against TensorFlow Lite with less than one minute overhead.
Clinical evaluation of the <scp>IONA</scp> test: a non‐invasive prenatal screening test for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 (2015)

This study indicates that the IONA test is suitable for trisomy screening in a high-risk screening population. The result-interpretation feature of the IONA software should facilitate wider implementation, particularly in local laboratories, and should be a useful addition to the current screening methods for trisomies 21, 18 and 13.
Practical Synthesis of Cap‐4 RNA (2019)

Eukaryotic mRNAs possess 5' caps that are determinants for their function. A structural characteristic of 5' caps is methylation, with this feature already present in early eukaryotes such as Trypanosoma. While the common cap-0 (m<sup>7</sup> GpppN) shows a rather simple methylation pattern, the Trypanosoma cap-4 displays seven distinguished additional methylations within the first four nucleotides. The study of essential biological functions mediated by these unique structural features of the cap-4 and thereby of the metabolism of an important class of human pathogenic parasites is hindered by the lack of reliable preparation methods. Herein we describe the synthesis of custom-made nucleoside phosphoramidite building blocks for m<sup>6</sup><sub>2</sub> Am and m<sup>3</sup> Um, their incorporation into short RNAs, the efficient construction of the 5'-to-5' triphosphate bridge to guanosine by using a solid-phase approach, the selective enzymatic methylation at position N7 of the inverted guanosine, and enzymatic ligation to generate trypanosomatid mRNAs of up to 40 nucleotides in length. This study introduces a reliable synthetic strategy to the much-needed cap-4 RNA probes for integrated structural biology studies, using a combination of chemical and enzymatic steps.
A Noncontact Applanation Tonometer (1974)

A new applanation tonometer (NCT) measures intraocular pressure without touching the eye. A central area of the cornea is deformed by an air-pulse of linearly increasing force and the instant of applanation is determined by a monitoring system that senses light reflected from the corneal surface. Clinical evaluation has demonstrated good correlation between NCT and Goldmann tonometer readings, thereby validating this new method of tonometry.
An information-theoretic framework for image complexity (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a new information-theoretic approach to study the complexity of an image. The new framework we present here is based on considering the information channel that goes from the histogram to the regions of the partitioned image, maximizing the mutual information. Image complexity has been related to the entropy of the image intensity histogram. This disregards the spatial distribution of pixels, as well as the fact that a complexity measure must take into account at what level one wants to describe an object. We define the complexity by using two measures which take into account the level at which the image is considered. One is the number of partitioning regions needed to extract a given ratio of information from the image. The other is the compositional complexity given by the Jensen-Shannon divergence of the partitioned image.
Enhancing versus Suppressive Effects of Stress on Immune Function: Implications for Immunoprotection versus Immunopathology (2008)

: It is widely believed that stress suppresses immune function and increases susceptibility to infections and cancer. Paradoxically, stress is also known to exacerbate allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. These observations suggest that stress may have bidirectional effects on immune function, being immunosuppressive in some instances and immunoenhancing in others. It has recently been shown that in contrast to chronic stress that suppresses or dysregulates immune function, acute stress can be immunoenhancing. Acute stress enhances dendritic cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte trafficking, maturation, and function and has been shown to augment innate and adaptive immune responses. Acute stress experienced prior to novel antigen exposure enhances innate immunity and memory T-cell formation and results in a significant and long-lasting immunoenhancement. Acute stress experienced during antigen reexposure enhances secondary/adaptive immune responses. Therefore, depending on the conditions of immune activation and the immunizing antigen, acute stress may enhance the acquisition and expression of immunoprotection or immunopathology. In contrast, chronic stress dysregulates innate and adaptive immune responses by changing the type 1-type 2 cytokine balance and suppresses immunity by decreasing leukocyte numbers, trafficking, and function. Chronic stress also increases susceptibility to skin cancer by suppressing type 1 cytokines and protective T cells while increasing suppressor T-cell function. We have suggested that the adaptive purpose of a physiologic stress response may be to promote survival, with stress hormones and neurotransmitters serving as beacons that prepare the immune system for potential challenges (eg, wounding or infection) perceived by the brain (eg, detection of an attacker). However, this system may exacerbate immunopathology if the enhanced immune response is directed against innocuous or self-antigens or dysregulated following prolonged activation, as seen during chronic stress. In view of the ubiquitous nature of stress and its significant effects on immunoprotection and immunopathology, it is important to further elucidate the mechanisms mediating stress-immune interactions and to meaningfully translate findings from bench to bedside.
The compatibility model between the Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications (WAIC) and fixed services at 22-23 GHz (2015)

Wireless Avionics Intra-Communication (WAIC) is the standard of future avionics communications systems, aimed to substitute wired-communication in a single aircraft. The WAIC systems are designed for enhancing the efficiency and reliability communications systems of the aircraft. Currently, the standardization issue is focused on the allocated frequency band. The frequency of 4.2 - 4.4 GHz will be decided by the ITU as the main spectrum band; while the band of 22-23 GHz is still investigated. This paper develops the compatibility model of WAIC system, presenting the simulation and analyses of the interference scenarios between WAIC and Fixed Services at 22- 23 GHz. The first scenario deals with condition to protect WAIC from Fixed Service's interference emission. The second scenario is condition to protect Fixed Service by investigating the protection criteria between Fixed Service and aircraft in the airport. The results have signified separation distances that should be fulfilled to maintain compatibility between WAIC and Fixed Service systems at the frequency band of 22-23 GHz.
Automatic Metro Map Layout Using Multicriteria Optimization (2010)

This paper describes an automatic mechanism for drawing metro maps. We apply multicriteria optimization to find effective placement of stations with a good line layout and to label the map unambiguously. A number of metrics are defined, which are used in a weighted sum to find a fitness value for a layout of the map. A hill climbing optimizer is used to reduce the fitness value, and find improved map layouts. To avoid local minima, we apply clustering techniques to the map-the hill climber moves both stations and clusters when finding improved layouts. We show the method applied to a number of metro maps, and describe an empirical study that provides some quantitative evidence that automatically-drawn metro maps can help users to find routes more efficiently than either published maps or undistorted maps. Moreover, we have found that, in these cases, study subjects indicate a preference for automatically-drawn maps over the alternatives.
Three Bearing Method for Passive Triangulation in Systems with Unknown Deterministic Biases (1981)

An operationally simple method for triangulation in systems with strong biases is presented. The method requires three bearing measurements and two turns by the aircraft. Analysis of the method shows that accurate triangulation can be performed without knowing the bias function. The method has been tested by numerical simulation and in actual flights, and the test results are reported. An approximate method for including small random fluctuations and confidence contours about the point of triangulation is given.
Antiprimer Quenching-Based Real-Time PCR and Its Application to the Analysis of Clinical Cancer Samples (2006)

The simplicity, versatility, reliability, and low cost of aQRT-PCR make it suitable for genetic analysis of clinical specimens.