gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of OFDM modem with alternative basis functions (2006)

Conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems use discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the basis function. Recently, it was shown that it is possible to use other sinusoidal transforms, e.g. discrete cosine transform (DCT), as OFDM basis functions. However, relative little is known regarding the performance of these alternative basis functions and how they compare with traditional DFT. This paper investigates the performance of OFDM modems employing alternative basis functions under different fading channel models in both double sideband and single sideband operation modes. A semi-analytical approach is also developed to predict and compare the error performance between different basis functions. The predicted results are close to the simulations thus verifying the simulation model. It was found that in general DFT has a better error performance, but interspersed basis is capable of offering a higher net throughout under certain channel conditions.
Modulation of host antimicrobial peptide (β-defensins 1 and 2) expression during gastritis (2002)

Modulation of beta-defensin expression by pathogenic and/or inflammatory stimuli and their cellular localisation places these antimicrobial peptides in the front line of innate host defence in the human stomach.
D-vector based speaker verification system using Raw Waveform CNN (2018)

In this paper, we propose a d-vector based speaker verification system in which rawaudio-CNN is used as a d-vector extractor instead of a conventional multi-layer perceptron. Because raw-audio-CNN takes raw wave signals as input, traditional acoustic feature extracting methods such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficient and mel-filterbank features are no longer needed. The results of experiments conducted show that raw-audio-CNN can successfully perform functions carried out by traditional acoustic feature extracting methods and outperforms traditional d-vector systems that utilize standard multi-layer perceptron with acoustic features.
Environmentally stable high-power soliton fiber lasers that use chirped fiber Bragg gratings (1995)

Environmentally stable high-power erbium fiber soliton lasers are constructed by Kerr or carrier-type mode locking. We obtain high-energy pulses by using relatively short fiber lengths and providing large amounts of negative dispersion with chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The pulse energies and widths generated with both types of soliton laser are found to scale with the square root of the cavity dispersion. Kerr mode locking requires pulses with an approximately three times higher nonlinear phase shift in the cavity than carrier mode locking, which leads to the generation of slightly shorter pulses with as much as seven times higher pulse energies at the mode-locking threshold.
Supervised and unsupervised data mining with an evolutionary algorithm (2002)

This paper describes our current research with RAGA (Rule Acquisition with a Genetic Algorithm). RAGA is a genetic algorithm and genetic programming hybrid that is designed for the tasks of supervised and certain types of unsupervised data mining. Since its initial release we have improved its predictive accuracy and data coverage, as well as its ability to generate more scalable rule hierarchies. These enhancements and several experiments are described.
Effect of a Simple Deconditioning Procedure on the Diuretic and Natriuretic Response of Hypertensive Patients to a Hypertonic Salt Load (1967)

The increased diuretic and natriuretic response of hypertensive patients to an intravenous salt load was modified toward normal by a deconditioning procedure which consisted in repeated exposure to the external situation of the test without, however, infusing any fluid into the vein. After this deconditioning, ratios between amounts of urine and sodium excreted in the first and the second 90-minute period of the test and the total 3-hour quantity of urine excreted were significantly reduced, but blood pressure was not changed. The response of normotensive patients to the same deconditioning was modified in the same direction but to a much smaller extent. It is suggested that the increased diuretic and natriuretic responses of hypertensive patients to an intravenous salt load are similar to the hyperreactive pressor and diuretic responses of these patients when exposed to stimuli that seem threatening to them, and that these responses are caused (at least in part) by hyperreactivity of the central nervous system to the external situation of the test.
La retroalimentación formativa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de estudiantes en edad preescolar (2016)

Este estudio se centró en analizar y comprender la manera como se les brinda retroalimentación a los estudiantes en edad preescolar entre los tres y los cuatro años de edad, y el rol que cumplen los padres de familia en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de sus hijos. De igual manera se examinaron las percepciones de los padres de familia y las docentes sobre el uso de una retroalimentación dentro del proceso de aprendizaje en este nivel. Para contestar las preguntas de investigación, se recogieron datos a través de grupos focales con docentes, entrevistas a padres de familia y observaciones de clase. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente usando teoría fundamentada. En este estudio encontramos que el uso de la retroalimentación aporta sustancialmente en la motivación que los estudiantes de preescolar tienen mejorar su desempeño académico y su proceso de formación dentro y fuera del aula y puedan desarrollar experiencias de aprendizaje más significativas en cada dimensión del desarrollo. Además se encontró que el trabajo conjunto entre el docente y los padres es fundamental en el proceso de evaluación en niños en edad preescolar.Palabras Claves: Evaluación formativa, Evaluación en edad preescolar, Retroalimentación, Retroalimentación formativa, Proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.This study focused on analyzing and understanding how feedback is provided to preschool students of ages between three and four, and the role that parents play in the teaching and learning process of their children. Similarly, the perceptions of parents and teachers on the use of feedback in the learning process at this level were examined. To answer the research questions, data were collected through focus groups with teachers, parent interviews and classroom observations. Data were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory. In this study we found that the use of feedback substantially motivates preschool students to improve their academic performance and their development process inside and outside the classroom and to develop more meaningful learning experiences in each development dimension. Additionally, it was found that the partnership between teachers and parents is essential in the assessment process in preschoolers.Keywords: Formative assessment, Assessment in preschool, Feedback, Formative feedback, Teaching-learning process.
Polymer-based shaft microelectrodes with optical and fluidic capabilities as a tool for optogenetics (2011)

In this work, we describe the fabrication of a polymer-based shaft electrode which can conduct light as well as fluids to a target brain region and record electrical neural signals from the same tissue volume simultaneously. This multifunctional neural probe is intended to facilitate optogenetic in vivo experiments.
Unacylated Ghrelin Rapidly Modulates Lipogenic and Insulin Signaling Pathway Gene Expression in Metabolically Active Tissues of GHSR Deleted Mice (2010)

Fat, muscle and liver are central to the control of lipid and glucose homeostasis. UAG rapidly modulates the expression of metabolically important genes in these tissues in GHSR-deleted mice indicating a direct, GHSR-independent, action of UAG to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile.
0.3-micron Optical Lithography Using A Phase-Shifting Mask (1989)

Improved resolution of an available i-line (365nm) stepper using a phase-shifting mask is discussed. The resolution investigated here is not only for periodic lines but also for isolated spaces and hole patterns. To obtain a narrow bright line for printing a fine isolated space on a wafer, two additional line apertures with widths smaller than the critical dimension of the stepper lens are placed on each side of the main aperture of the mask. The optical phase of the main aperture and those of additional apertures are opposite. The additional apertures play a role in reducing the bright feature size to less than the line spread function of the lens. Similarly, printing a fine hole is accomplished by using a main aperture surrounded by four additional apertures. The intensity distribution on the wafer is calculated by comparing the results obtained with a phase-shifting mask and those obtained with a conventional transmission mask. Patterns are also printed on the wafer using an i-line stepper with a nominal 0.55 μm resolution. A pattern of 0.3-μm lines and spaces, 0.3-μm isolated spaces and 0.4-μm hole patterns are resolved using the phase-shifting mask. This resolution is impossible with a conventional transmission mask. The effects of variations in the optical phase of the additional apertures are also investigated. The intensity calculations and experimental results suggest that it is possible to control the position of the best focal plane by changing the optical phases of the additional apertures.
GLOBALIZATION AND WAGE INEQUALITY IN SOUTH AND EAST ASIA, AND LATIN AMERICA: A GENDER APPROACH. (2006)

In this paper we analyse the reasons behind the evolution of the gender gap and wage inequality in South and East Asian and Latin American countries. Health human capital improvements, the exposure to free market openness and equal treatment enforcement laws seem to be the main exogenous variables affecting womenís economic condition. During the second globalization era (in the years 1975-2000) different combinations of these variables in South East Asian and Latin American countries have had as a result the diminution of the gender gap. The main exception to this rule according to our data is China where economic reforms have been simultaneous to the increase of gender differences and inequality between men and women. This result has further normative consequences for the measure of economic inequality. The improvement of women's condition has as a result the diminution of the dispersion of wages. Therefore in most of the countries analysed the consequence of the diminution of the gender gap during the second global era is the decrease of wage inequality both measured with Gini and Theil indexes.
Photodynamic diagnosis in urology: state of the art. (2011)

High grade NMIBC remains a treatment challenge for urologists. WLC is widely regarded as the gold standard for detection and TUR. PDD may offer superiority to WLC in terms of detection, recurrence free survival and overall cost, but the current data must be scrutinized closely. Nearly all trials comparing PDD to WLC have shown an advantage in overall tumor detection with photodynamics and thus may lead to better treatment strategies in these patients. This review will focus on the results of a multitude of studies where PDD in combination with various photosensitizers was employed in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. The equipment, techniques and cost of these modalities will also be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Ligation and Its Application to Protein Engineering (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DetNet IP Data Plane Encapsulation (2019)

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking data plane when
operating in an IP packet switched network.
(+)-Phorboxazole A Synthetic Studies. A Highly Convergent, Second Generation Total Synthesis of (+)-Phorboxazole A (2005)

[structure: see text] A second generation total synthesis of the potent antitumor agent (+)-phorboxazole A (1) has been achieved. The cornerstone of this approach comprises a more convergent strategy, involving late-stage Stille union of a fully elaborated C(1-28) macrocycle with a C(29-46) side chain. The second generation synthesis entails the longest linear sequence of 24 steps, with an overall yield of 4.2%.
A Host−Guest Set of Triple-Helical Peptides:  Stability of Gly-X-Y Triplets Containing Common Nonpolar Residues (1996)

Host-guest peptide sets have been useful in evaluating the propensity of different amino acids to adopt an alpha-helical or beta-sheet form, and this concept is applied here to the triple-helical conformation. A set of host-guest peptides of the form acetyl-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)3-Gly-X-Y-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-Gly-GlyCONH2 was designed to evaluate the contribution of an isolated Gly-X-Y triplet to triple-helix stability in a defined environment. Peptides were synthesized to include guest triplets with the X and Y positions occupied by the most common nonpolar residues found in collagen: Pro (X position) and Hyp (Y position); Ala; Leu, the most frequent hydrophobic residue; and Phe, the only commonly occurring aromatic residue. The guest triplets of the 12 peptides synthesized represent 35% of the sequence found in the alpha 1 chain of type I collagen. All peptides formed stable triple-helical structures, and the peptides showed a range of thermal stabilities (Tm = 21-44 degrees C), depending on the identity of the guest triplet. Thermodynamic calculations indicate these peptides have a range of free energy values (delta delta G = 9 kcal/mol) and suggest that favorable entropy is the dominant factor in increased stability. Replacement of Ala by Leu in the X position did not affect the thermal stability, while an Ala to Leu change in the Y position was destabilizing. These data provide experimental evidence that hydrophobic residues do not stabilize the triple helical conformation. Although Leu and Phe are found almost exclusively in the X position in collagens, peptides with Leu and Phe in the Y position formed stable triple-helices. This supports the hypothesis that the X positional preference of these residues relates to their increased potential for intermolecular hydrophobic interactions rather than their destabilization of the triple-helical molecule. These studies establish the utility of host-guest peptides in defining a scale of triple-helix propensities and in clarifying the interactions stabilizing the triple-helical conformation.
Lipidomic approach to evaluate rosuvastatin and atorvastatin at various dosages: investigating differential effects among statins (2008)

The lipidomic technique has revealed that statins are different with regards to the effect on detailed lipid profile. The observed difference in lipids may be connected with different clinical outcomes as suggested by the [SPMs/(SPMs + PCs)] ratio.
Overexpression of Arylsulfatase in E. coli and Its Application to Desulfatation of Agar (2004)

The arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from the P. carrageenovora genome was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pET21a vector. When the constructed plasmid pAST-Al (6.4 kb) was introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3), the transformant on the LB plate containing IPTG showed a hydrolyzing activity for 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate and p-nitrophenyl sulfate. The highest arylsulfatase activity (2.1 unit/ml) was obtained at 10 mM IPTG. Most arylsulfatase activity was found in the cell lysate, whereas no significant activity was detected in the culture supernatant. The molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme was estimated to be 33.1 kDa by SDS-PAGE. After the reaction of agar with arylsulfatase for 12 h at 40C, the gel strength of the agar increased by 2-fold, and 73% of the sulfate in the agar had been removed. This result suggests that arylsulfatase expressed in E. coli could be useful in the production of electrophoretic grade agarose.
A Multilevel Artificial Neural Network Nonlinear Equalizer for Millimeter-Wave Mobile Fronthaul Systems (2017)

We propose and validate a complex-valued multilevel artificial neural network nonlinear equalizer (ANN-NLE) for single-carrier 16QAM and 64QAM signals transmissions in the 60-GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission system. First, we analyze the nonlinearities in the fiber-wireless channels. Then, we introduce the principles of the multilevel ANN-NLE proposed for the millimeter-wave RoF systems. From the analysis of nonlinearities in a single-carrier optical transmission channel, it is essential to design a complex-valued ANN-NLE to mitigate the cross-modulation (XM) effects between the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components. Finally, we report on single-carrier signaling at 16QAM and 64QAM on 60 GHz, demonstrating the ability of the proposed ANN-NLE approach to minimize the nonlinear compression in an RoF system. As an added benefit, the complex-valued ANN-NLE has a great tolerance to phase rotations. The convergence time, activation function, step size, and number of taps are discussed in Section IV.
Pre-existing autoimmune disease in patients with long-term survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1997)

We reviewed the experience with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and affiliated Seattle hospitals for patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases. The review was limited to patients who received transplants between 1969 and 1989 from a related donor and who had at least 3 years of relapse-free survival. Of 901 evaluable patients, 11 were identified with a preexisting autoimmune disease and 2 with diseases that were possibly autoimmune in nature. Pretransplant diseases identified in this review included rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1), discoid or systemic lupus (n = 2), insulin dependent Type 1 diabetes (n = 3), hyperthyroidism (n = 4), dermatitis herpetiformis (n = 1), vasculitis (n = 1), and Crohn's disease (n = 1). All 13 patients survive with a median followup of 14 (range, 7-20) years after transplantation from an HLA identical sibling (n = 10), parent (n = 1) or identical twin (n = 2). Pre and post-transplant histories are presented. Variables to be considered in the assessment of any beneficial effect of BMT are discussed, including consideration of different patterns of activity that describe the natural history of various autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune disease did not recur after allogeneic BMT in these 13 patients, disease and post-transplant variables may confound the interpretation of results from retrospective analysis.
RESPECT from specialists (2008)

OBJECTIVE To explore potential solutions to the challenge of gaining more respect for FPs from other specialists.

DESIGN An original Web-based qualitative survey, from May 27, 2004, to January 5, 2005, involving 5 rounds.

SETTING Province of Alberta.

PARTICIPANTS A sample of 28 Alberta FPs of differing experience, locations, and types of practices.

METHODS Purposeful maximum variation sampling was used to identify a heterogeneous sample of FPs. The Delphi technique was used with an anonymous, iterative, Web-based survey to develop consensus among participating FPs. The first 2 rounds of the survey were designed to generate rich, thick descriptions of the rewards and challenges FPs experienced; the last 3 rounds were designed to refine this information and identify potential solutions and support that key organizations could provide. This information was collapsed into themes using thematic content analysis and reviewed by a working group; with input from the working group we decided to focus our analysis on the challenge of gaining respect from specialists.

MAIN FINDINGS Each round yielded an 86% to 96% response rate, from which 11 key challenges were identified including “respect from specialists.” Suggestions of potential solutions to gaining more respect included the need to create and develop relationships between FPs and other specialists and to support each other’s roles; to raise the profile of family medicine in universities and teaching hospitals; to change negative attitudes by promoting the expertise and role of family medicine to others; to demonstrate and maintain a comprehensive skill set; and to address intraprofessional inequities and provide appropriate incentives. Participants suggested roles that organizations could play; for example, universities and medical schools could avoid making negative comments about family practice, reward FPs involved in teaching, and decentralize medical education to provide more experience in community settings and environments that model interactions between specialists and FPs. Organizations could recognize and promote the role that FPs play in the health care system, seek their input into decisions involving primary care, and move toward equitable and fair remuneration.

CONCLUSION Perceived lack of respect toward FPs from some of their specialist colleagues might be reflective of issues that go beyond family physician–specialist interaction. Solutions will likely require the involvement of academic centres and other organizations.
Radiation preservation of milk. XI. Studies on the radiation-induced gelation of concentrated milk. The effect of polyphosphates. (1960)

Tha addition of polyphosphates to concentrated (3: 1) milk before irrdiation markedly reduced the tendency of irradiated milk to develop a gel when stored at 37 deg CF. ATP, tripolyphosphate and hexametaphosphate were able to prevent gel formation for an undetermined length of time in excess of 2 months at 37 deg C when added in amounts above a certain threshold value specific for each compound. Pyrophosphate did not exhibit this phenomenon. The analysis of phate to irradiated milk caused an increased complexing of these tons with casein. Nearly all the added tripolyphosphate was found to complex with the protein. Irradiation of milk with added tripolyphosphate did not affect the metalprotein complex, but did result in a release of inorganic orthophosphate and other phosphates from the casein complex. The experimental results are discussed and an interpretation of the effects of irradiation and of the addition of metal ions and polypbosphate is attempted. (auth)
Transmitter identification using embedded spread spectrum sequences (2004)

A transmitter identification system using embedded spread spectrum sequence is proposed in this paper. Principles of the proposed technique is illustrated through an example of digital TV (DTV) transmitters identification. Code generators in Matlab are developed to study the auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties of the Gold and Kasami sequences. Spread spectrum sequences with different periods are generated and simulated. To speed-up the identification process, the embedded spread spectrum sequence is preferred to be time-synchronized with the DTV signal. By doing so, code length has to be truncated before it is fitted into each field of the ATSC DTV signal. The impact of truncation noise and in-band DTV interference on transmitter identification is also investigated in this paper. It is shown that the auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties are only slightly affected by truncation noise. It is also shown that the dominant interference to the transmitter identification is the in-band DTV signal. The signal to truncation noise ratio and signal to DTV interference ratio in the correlation output are derived and verified form the simulation results. It is further recognized that in-band DTV interference can only be mitigated by increasing the code length or by time-domain averaging technique to smoothen out the in-band interference.