gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CellVM: A Homogeneous Virtual Machine Runtime System for a Heterogeneous Single-Chip Multiprocessor (2008)

The Cell Broadband Engine Architecture (Cell) is a hardware platform for high performance parallel computing. Due to its architectural features and programming model, efficiently programming the Cell processor implies a detailed knowledge of the underlaying hardware architecture, carefully designed communication protocols to minimize the synchronization and communication overhead between the individual processing units as well as an elaborate layout of the vector processor’s local stores. In order to take the burden from the programmer of having to deal with such low-level architecture-specific details, the Cell compiler toolchain implements the OpenMP standard [27], which allows for seamless parallelization of applications by offloading workloads to the SPEs. In this paper we report on the design and implementation of a middleware for the Cell processor that goes one step further and completely abstracts the heterogeneity of the underlaying hardware architecture and allows programmers to employ higher-level and more intuitive programming constructs than the OpenMP approach. In particular, we implemented a virtual machine (VM) that mimics the behavior of a homogeneous, shared-memory multiprocessor. Internally, our VM schedules individual threads to be executed on the vector cores which offers the same parallelism as compared to the traditional programming models of the Cell processor. 1
Integrated silicon optical sensors based on hollow core waveguide (2007)

In this work we show that integrated silicon hollow core AntiResonant Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) can be used as a basic tool for the realization of optical sensors. ARROW waveguides, with hollow core, permit to confine the light in a low refractive index liquid core, by means of two cladding layers designed to form a high reflectivity Fabry- Perot antiresonant cavity. This arrangement allows to realize microchannels that can simultaneously act as microfluidic networks and optical waveguides with a strong advantage in the integration and with an increased interaction efficiency between the light and the liquid substance that can be very useful in sensing applications (fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy, etc.). Another ARROW waveguides advantage is the ability to tailor the wavelength response of the device. In fact, the waveguide propagation losses strongly depend on the change of the resonant condition inside the interference cladding. In this paper we report three sensing applications of hollow core ARROW waveguide. A long path absorbance cell for colorimetric protein assay, a high sensitivity integrated refractometer and a micro flow cytometer for cell/particles analysis. The proposed devices have been realized in standard silicon technology by using two silicon wafers bonded together.
A Weather Singularity over the U. S. in October (1954)

A sudden increase in the probability of snow occurrence during the month of October at Denver, Colorado, had been reported. It is shown that this increase can be associated with the development of a widespread weather singularity occurring at that time of the year. The normal sea-level pressure-pattern changes derived from 40 years of data over the United States show the synoptic development of this singularity. This development leads to peculiarities in various weather elements at that time.
Chromatographic methods for optical purity determination of drugs. (1990)

Current awareness of the different actions that may be exerted by the two enantiomers of a racemic drug has prompted an increasing interest in chromatographic methods to determine enantiomer composition on a small scale. Of particular interest in this respect is the possibility of using columns containing chiral stationary phases which directly separate the enantiomers. The intensive ongoing research in this field has led to a number of commercially available columns for both gas and liquid chromatography suitable for this purpose. Since most drugs are favourably determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, columns containing chiral stationary phases which can be operated in the same mode, are of particular interest. Some of the most recent achievements in this area are highlighted in this paper.
Graphene Thermal Properties and Applications for Heat Removal in the Phase Change Materials (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Reliability of Force/Displacement Measures in a Clinical Device Designed to Measure Ligamentous Laxity at the Knee (1989)

This research was supported by a grant from The Foundation for Physical Therapy, Alexandria, VA. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of a quantitative measure of knee ligament laxity in vivo. The testing device simultaneously measures applied forces and resulting displacement at the knee through use of a multidimensional electrogoniometer, dynamometer, and a computer-assisted analysis system. Subjects were 30 females and 20 males, ranging in age from 18-32 years. Laxity tests were performed in the anterior/posterior (A/P) plane at 90 and 30 degrees of knee flexion, and the varus/valgus (V/V) plane at 20 and 0 degrees of knee flexion. Test-retest (N = 41) and intertester (N = 18) repeatability was assessed in all test positions by ANOVA and by coefficients of correlation and variability. No significant differences were found within testers for A/P or V/V tests 1 week apart at any angle tested. There were significant differences between testers for A/P and V/V tests. No significant differences were found between left and right sides, or between male/female values. Comparisons to other in vitro and in vivo studies are made. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;10(11):441-447.
Mie theory, Airy theory, and the natural rainbow (1998)

Compared with Mie scattering theory, Airy rainbow theory clearly miscalculates some monochromatic details of scattering by small water drops. Yet when monodisperse Airy theory is measured by perceptual (rather than purely physical) standards such as chromaticity and luminance contrast, it differs very little from Mie theory. Considering only the angular positions of luminance extrema, Airy theory's errors are largest for small droplets such as those that dominate cloudbows and fogbows. However, integrating over a realistic drop-size distribution for these bows eliminates most perceptible color and luminance differences between the two theories.
Constructing, deconstructing, and reconstructing ternary supermolecules (2007)

A hypothesis-driven protocol comprising precise and predictable molecular recognition events based upon an electrostatic view of competing hydrogen-bond interactions is proposed and subsequently employed in the construction of ternary co-crystals.
Conversation Analysis and Prosody (2012)

Abstract The term prosody has varying definitions across language‐related disciplines. In conversation analysis ( CA ) and its linguistic counterpart, interactional linguistics (Selting & Couper‐Kuhlen, 2001), it refers to the “musical” aspects of speech, that is, pitch (intonation and pitch register), loudness, and time (syllable duration, speech rate, rhythm, and pauses); in addition, some writers include voice quality. Another term for prosody that is frequently used in linguistics is suprasegmentals . This term is based on the common linguistic distinction between articulation, which refers to the production of individual sounds or segments , and those areas of speech production that are above the level of individual sounds, that is, suprasegmental.
Design method of triple speed ethernet based on Altera FPGA (2009)

Network becomes the foundation of modern common communications,its urgent to solve the access to the system with the ethernet simply and efficiently.The paper deals with the technology of embedded system based on the FPGA.Using Altera triple speed ethernet megacore,the paper introduces the design flow of the QuartusII and IDE design tools,designes schcme of triple speed ethernet cotroller.
Phospholipid Transfer Protein Deficiency Protects Circulating Lipoproteins from Oxidation Due to the Enhanced Accumulation of Vitamin E (2002)

Vitamin E is a lipophilic anti-oxidant that can prevent the oxidative damage of atherogenic lipoproteins. However, human trials with vitamin E have been disappointing, perhaps related to ineffective levels of vitamin E in atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) promotes vitamin E removal from atherogenic lipoproteins in vitro, and PLTP deficiency has recently been recognized as an anti-atherogenic state. To determine whether PLTP regulates lipoprotein vitamin E content in vivo, we measured alpha-tocopherol content and oxidation parameters of lipoproteins from PLTP-deficient mice in wild type, apoE-deficient, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient, or apoB/cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic backgrounds. In all four backgrounds, the vitamin E content of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and/or LDL was significantly increased in PLTP-deficient mice, compared with controls with normal plasma PLTP activity. Moreover, PLTP deficiency produced a dramatic delay in generation of conjugated dienes in oxidized apoB-containing lipoproteins as well as markedly lower titers of plasma IgG autoantibodies to oxidized LDL. The addition of purified PLTP to deficient plasma lowered the vitamin E content of VLDL plus LDL and normalized the generation of conjugated dienes. The data show that PLTP regulates the bioavailability of vitamin E in atherogenic lipoproteins and suggest a novel strategy for achieving more effective concentrations of anti-oxidants in lipoproteins, independent of dietary supplementation.
Multiple band-stop bow-tie slot antennas for multiband wireless systems (2008)

A novel and simple design of wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed bow-tie slot antennas with multiple band-stop characteristics featuring multi-network applications is presented. A frequency stop band can be created by embedding the slot with a pair of stubs, which causes the resultant magnetic fields almost counterbalance in the slot and to be non-responsive at the desire stop band. The effects of the dimensions of the stub on the stop band are also analysed. Dual band-stop characteristic is also accomplished by embedding two pairs of stubs in the slot. Details of the proposed designs and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented.
Porphyrin biodistribution in UV‐exposed murine skin after methyl‐ and hexyl‐aminolevulinate incubation (2012)

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) is a well-established treatment for precancerous skin lesions and non-melanoma skin cancer. Treatment outcomes are less effective for thick than for superficial lesions, which are presumed to be due to insufficient PpIX biodistribution in tumour tissue. Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) is a more lipophilic photosensitizer precursor than MAL and may penetrate the skin to a greater depth and more homogeneously. We compared HAL- and MAL-induced PpIX accumulation in specific skin compartments using concentrations of 2%, 6% and 20% HAL and MAL on long-term UV-irradiated mouse skin. Furthermore, 20% HAL and 20% MAL were applied to non-irradiated skin. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured by fluorescence microscopy in selected skin regions: the epidermis, superficial dermis, deep dermis and sebaceous gland epithelium down to a depth of 1 mm. We found higher PpIX fluorescence intensities in epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium from 2%, 6% and 20% HAL (median 72-104 au) than in corresponding concentrations of MAL (median 35-69 au) (P < 0.01). Fluorescence intensities in the superficial (35 au) and deep dermis (32 au) were similar for HAL and MAL (P = 0.51) and lower than epidermal fluorescence intensities (P < 0.001). Significantly, higher median PpIX fluorescence intensities (64 au) were found in 20% MAL-incubated skin irradiated with UV than in non-irradiated skin (48 au) (P < 0.001). HAL-induced fluorescence intensities did not depend on UV exposure (HAL 20%, UV: 72 au, non-UV: 70 au) (P = 0.87). In conclusion, HAL express high affinity for epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium, and MAL for actinically damaged skin, which raises future perspectives for improved selectivity in PDT.
The challenges of extension for non-wood forest products (1999)

"Interest in non-wood forest products (NWFPs) has risen in the past 15 years or so as foresters, conservationists and development workers have struggled with the issue of promoting economic returns from forests while simultaneously conserving them. An underlying assumption of the interest in NWFPs is that sustainable economic harvest of 'secondary' products will help avoid forest conversion to other economic land uses or extensive logging. However, this approach has recently been recognized as somewhat simplified; accumulated experience, including evidence of unsustainable extraction and negative socio-economic impacts, has led to a more complex view. More consideration is being given to the role of NWFPs in improving rural livelihoods and to the assistance that could or should be provided to help achieve this."
A 8.3–11.3GHz low cost integer-N synthesizer with 1.1° RMS phase error in 65nm CMOS (2012)

This paper presents a fully integrated low cost, low noise 10GHz synthesizer using 65nm RF CMOS process. The synthesizer provide low phase-noise and low reference spur, covering 8.3GHz to 11.3GHz using multiband low gain VCO with auto calibration for locking. The measured phase-noise of 9.75GHz is -77dBc/Hz at lKHz offset, -90.1dBc/Hz at 10KHz offset, -98.6dBc/Hz at 100KHz offset, and -112.5dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, phase RMS jitter performance is to be less than 1.1° integrated from 1KHz to 1MHz, while maintaining 26MHz reference spur levels lowers -74.6dB cover the entire tuning range. The active die area is 0.55mm × 0.8mm. The chip operates over a wide range of supply voltage from 1.1 V to 1.3V and temperature from -40°C to +85°C respectively. The chip draws 31mA current with buffer from a +1.2V supply at +25°C.
Syntheses of New 1 → (2 + 1) <i>C</i>-Branched Monomers for the Construction of Multifunctional Dendrimers (2003)

For the purpose of providing a route to multifunctionalized dendrimers, new types of 1 → (2 + 1) C-branched monomers, possessing either ester and protected hydroxy groups or mixed esters, were designed and synthesized. Thus, di-tert-butyl 4-(3-[X]oxypropyl)-4-aminoheptanedioate (X = MeCO, 4; X = CH2CH2CN, 6; X = CH2C6H5, 7) was prepared in high yields via the protection of the nitro precursor 2 (X = H), which was readily accessible from the Michael addition of 4-nitrobutanol with tert-butyl acrylate, followed by catalytic reduction. These monomers were readily attached to an appropriate four-directional core to produce the first-generation dendrimers (e.g., 9−11). The related second-generation dendrimer (15), possessing two different functional groups on both the surface and interior, was convergently synthesized from monomer 3. Alternatively, the mixed ester 17 was prepared starting with benzyl 4-nitrobutanoate (16); selective deprotection offered access to the representative 1 → (2 + 1) C-branched monomer 20, which was converted to dendrimers 29 and 30 with a single novel terminus per dendron. These 1 → (2 + 1) C-branched monomers offer synthetic versatility to place different functionality at different levels within or on the surface of the dendritic construct.
Construction, modeling and control of an autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for target localization (2013)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in intelligence gathering, psychological operations, laser designation, range-finding, and communication. In this paper, the design of a fixed-wing UAV is presented. A target detection and localization method is proposed for the developed UAV. The hardware construction, along with the selection of necessary components, is introduced. In order to facilitate modular code development and integration of control laws with simulation and hardware, a hardware-in-the-loop simulator is proposed. The flight control law is developed and tested using the hardware-in-the-loop simulator. Wifi is used for monitoring the state variables of the aircraft. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the developed system.
Middleware to Integrate Mobile Devices, Sensors and Cloud Computing (2015)

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the advantages of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) have drawn a big absorption from technological experts. This paper investigates the integration of IoT and MCC by introducing the service architecture towards the applications of mobile devices, sensors and Cloud computing. The proposed approach not only presents the cutting edge convergence between IoT and MCC but also focuses on the smart home scenario to answer the question what the benefits are, coming from the integration of IoT and MCC. A developmental process of DropLock architecture dedicated to Smart City is also presented to demonstrate this convergence.
Fingertip force control during bimanual object lifting in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (2008)

In the present study we examined unimanual and bimanual fingertip force control during grasping in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Participants lifted, transported and released an object with one hand or both hands together in order to examine the effect on fingertip force control for each hand separately and to determine whether any benefit exists for the affected hand when it performed the task concurrently with the less-affected hand. Seven children with hemiplegic CP performed the task while their movement and fingertip force control were measured. In the bimanual conditions, the weight of the instrumented objects was equal or unequal. The durations of the all temporal phases for the less-affected hand were prolonged during bimanual control compared to unimanual control. We observed close synchrony of both hands when the task was performed with both hands, despite large differences in duration between both hands when they performed separately. There was a marginal benefit for two of the five force related variables for the affected hand (grip force at onset of load force, and peak grip force) when it transported the object simultaneously with the less-affected hand. Collectively, these results corroborate earlier findings of reaching studies that showed slowing down of the less-affected hand when it moved together with the affected hand. A new finding that extends these studies is that bimanual tasks may have the potential to facilitate force control of the affected hand. The implications of these findings for recent rehabilitative therapies in children with CP that make use of bimanual training are discussed.
Nonlinear multiparameter optimization using genetic algorithms; inversion of plane-wave seismograms (1991)

Abstract Seismic waveform inversion is one of many geophysical problems which can be identified as a nonlinear multiparameter optimization problem. Methods based on local linearization fail if the starting model is too far from the true model. We have investigated the applicability of 'Genetic Algorithms' (GA) to the inversion of plane-wave seismograms. Like simulated annealing, genetic algorithms use a random walk in model space and a transition probability rule to help guide their search. However, unlike a single simulated annealing run, the genetic algorithms search from a randomly chosen population of models (strings) and work with a binary coding of the model parameter set. Unlike a pure random search, such as in a 'Monte Carlo' method, the search used in genetic algorithms is not directionless. Genetic algorithms essentially consist of three operations, selection, crossover, and mutation, which involve random number generation, string copies, and some partial string exchanges. The choice of the initial population, the probabilities of crossover and mutation are crucial for the practical implementation of the algorithm. We investigated the effects of these parameters in the inversion of plane-wave seismograms in which a normalized crosscorrelation function was used as the objective or fitness function (E). We also introduce the concept of 'update' probability to control the influence of past generations. The combination of a low value of mutation probability ( approximately 0.01), a moderate value of the crossover probability ( approximately 0.6) and a high value of update probability ( approximately 0.9) are found to be optimal for the convergence of the algorithm. Further, we show that concepts from simulated annealing can be used effectively for the stretching of the fitness function which helps in the convergence of the algorithm. Thus, we propose to use exp (E/T) rather than E as the fitness function, where T (analogous to temperature in simulated annealing) is a properly chosen parameter which can change slowly with each generation. Also, by repeating the GA optimization procedure several times with different randomly chosen initial model populations, we derive 'a very good subset' of models from the entire model space and calculate the a posteriori probability density sigma (m) varies as exp (E(m)/T). The sigma (m)'s are then used to calculate a 'mean' model, which is found to be close to the true model.
Analysis of arithmetic coding for data compression (2002)

The authors analyze the amount of compression possible when arithmetic coding is used for text compression in conjunction with various input models. Arithmetic coding, a technique for statistical lossless encoding, can be thought of as a generalization of Huffman coding in which probabilities are not constrained to be integral powers of 2 and code lengths need not be integers. Adaptive codes are proven to be as good as decrementing semi-adaptive codes. The tradeoff between scaling overheads and savings from exploitation of locality of reference is characterised exactly by means of weighted entropy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Strategies for Re-Training a Pruned Neural Network in an Edge Computing Paradigm (2017)

Construction of robust and accurate deep neural networks (DNNs) is a computationally demanding and time-consuming process. Such networks also end up being memory intensive. Today, there is ever-increasing need to provide proactive and personalized support for users of smart devices. We could provide better personalization if we have the ability to update/train the DNN on edge devices. Also, by moving some computation to the edge of the cloud infrastructure, we could reduce the load on computing clusters, thus providing them more resources to handle core and complex tasks. To this end, weight pruning for DNNs has been proposed to reduce their storage footprint by an order of magnitude. However, it is yet unclear as to how to update/re-train DNNs once they are deployed on mobile devices. In this paper, we introduce the concept of re-training of pruned networks that should aid personalization of smart devices as well as increase their fault tolerance. We assume that the data used to re-train the pruned network comes from a distribution similar to what used in the original, unpruned network. We propose various strategies for pruning and re-training the networks and show that we may obtain a significant improvement on the new data while minimizing the reduction in performance on the original data.