gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysts through Preventing Poisoning with Non‐Reactive Species by Using Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids (2015)

Developing cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a prerequisite for broad market penetration of low-temperature fuel cells. A major barrier stems from the poisoning of surface sites by nonreactive oxygenated species and the sluggish ORR kinetics on the Pt catalysts. Herein we report a facile approach to accelerating ORR kinetics by using a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), which protects Pt sites from surface oxidation, making the IL-modified Pt intrinsically more active than its unmodified counterpart. The mass activity of the catalyst is increased by three times to 1.01 A mg(-1) Pt @0.9 V, representing a new record for pure Pt catalysts. The enhanced performance of the IL-modified catalyst can be stabilized after 30 000 cycles. We anticipate these results will form the basis for an unprecedented perspective in the development of high-performing electrocatalysts for fuel-cell applications.
Sodium-Proton Exchange and Primary Hypertension (1995)

An enhancement of sodium-proton exchange in blood cells of patients with primary hypertension has been described by various investigators. The present review summarizes some of the most recent findings regarding the enhanced sodium-proton exchanger activity in primary hypertension and discusses the potential mechanisms that may contribute to or explain these findings. Novel evidence has been accumulated on the in vivo regulation of the sodium-proton exchanger in humans, and recent findings suggest that metabolic acidosis, high NaCl intake, and circulating hormones (eg, insulin) can enhance sodium-proton exchanger activity in blood cells. However, the relative roles of such exogenous factors in the stimulation of sodium-proton exchanger activity in primary hypertension remain questionable because enhanced sodium-proton exchanger activity persists in immortalized lymphoblasts from patients with primary hypertension after prolonged cell culture. Therefore, at least in a certain group of hypertensive subjects this abnormality cannot be due to metabolic or hormonal alterations of the "hypertensive" in vivo milieu but appears to be under genetic control. Available evidence strongly argues against intrinsic changes of the sodium-proton exchanger protein itself in primary hypertension, for example, a mutation in the encoding gene. Interestingly, immortalized cells from hypertensive subjects with enhanced sodium-proton exchanger activity display a distinctly enhanced proliferation pattern that appears to be independent of this ion transport. At present we speculate that enhanced sodium-proton exchanger activity and proliferation may represent indicators of a genetically fixed enhanced intracellular signal transduction in primary hypertension that may be caused by an increased activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins.
Potential mechanisms underlying the Runx2 induced osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (2015)

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) belong a type of pluripotent stem cells and can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts (OB). Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an osteogenesis specific transcription factor and plays an important role in osteogenesis of BM-MSCs. It can promote the expression of osteogenesis related genes, regulate cell cycle progression, improve bone microenvironment and affect functions of chondrocytes and osteoclasts, which have involvement of a large amount of signal molecules including TGF-β, BMP, Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, FGF and microRNA. In this paper, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the Runx2 induced osteogenesis of BM-MSCs.
Functionalization of PMMA by a functional “iniferter”: Kinetics of polymerization of MMA using <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐diethyl‐<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) thiuram disulfide (1989)

Abstract α,ω‐Dihydroxy‐terminated‐PMMA was synthesized by the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of a functional “iniferter,” viz., N , N ′‐diethyl‐ N , N ′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)thiuram disulfide (DHTD). The kinetics of the polymerization were studied by determining the polymerization rate as a function of the “iniferter” concentration at 60, 70, 85, and 95°C. Evaluation of the data by a computerized multiple regression analysis led to calculation of the various kinetic parameters and the activation energies of the related phenomena. The maximum observed in the R p –initiator concentration curve was found to shift to lower initiator concentration as the temperature increased. The formal reaction order with respect to the concentration of the initiator decreased with increasing temperature and concentration of DHTD. The chain transfer constants of DHTD with MMA were calculated from the molecular weights of the resulting polymers. The functionalities of the oligomers were calculated from the elemental analysis of the chain end groups. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the polymer chain ends were devoid of unsaturated groups and that the polymer underwent degradation only by random scission.
Jagged1 and Delta1 Differentially Regulate the Outcome of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2007)

Notch signaling plays an important role during T cell development in the thymus and in T cell activation but the role of Notch in autoimmunity is not clear. We investigated the role of Jagged1 and Delta1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Delta1 expression is up-regulated on dendritic cells and B cells after priming while Jagged1 is up-regulated only on dendritic cells. Administration of anti-Jagged1 Ab exacerbated clinical disease while that of anti-Delta1 Ab reduced the severity of the clinical disease. In contrast, administration of Jagged1-Fc protected from disease, that of Delta1-Fc exacerbated disease. Treatment with Jagged1-Fc was associated with increased IL-10-producing Ag-specific cells in the CNS, while anti-Jagged1 decreased the frequency of IL-10-producing cells. Treatment with Delta1-Fc increased Th1 cells in the CNS, while anti-Delta-1 decreased the frequency of Th1 cells. Manipulation of Delta1 or Jagged1 had no effect on the frequency of Th17 cells or FoxP3(+) cells. Moreover, Jagged1 may play a role in CNS homeostasis because murine astrocytes specifically express Jagged1 that is up-regulated by TGF-beta, whereas IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 decrease Jagged1 expression. Our study provides novel data about differential roles of Notch ligands in regulating inflammation in the periphery as well as in the CNS.
Chemical transformation of toxic metals by a <i>Pseudomonas</i> strain from a toxic waste site (1993)

Abstract Pseudomonas maltophilia strain O-2, isolated from soil at a toxic waste site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, catalyzed the transformation and precipitation of numerous toxic metal cations and oxyanions. When a viable inoculum (1%) of O-2 was introduced into nutrient broth containing Hg(II), Cr(VI), Se(IV), Pb(II), Au(III), Cd(II), Te(IV), or Ag(I), effective removal of the toxic metal was complete within 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, and 7 d, respectively. The NADPH-dependent reduction of Hg(II) to Hg0 was catalyzed by an inducible mercuric reductase. The reduction of selenite and tellurite to their insoluble elemental forms appeared to be mediated by an intracellular glutathione reductase that utilized the spontaneously formed bis(glutathio)Se(II) or bis(glutathio)Te(II), respectively, as pseudosubstrates. The three-electron reduction of hexavalent chromium was catalyzed by a membrane-bound chromate reductase. The enzymatic basis for the remaining metal transformations was not immediately apparent. It is anticipated that Pseudomonas maltophilia and related organisms could eventually be exploited for the removal of toxic metal wastes from selected, heavily polluted sites.
Enhancing deployment architecture for distributed software systems with an active coordination model (2014)

Lots of distributed software systems use layer-based architecture; the lower layer provides functionalities and services to upper layer via various interfaces and protocols. When the system is evolving, layers may grow or split further, each layer expands horizontally with more modules, and the overall functionalities get more complex. Software modules providing similar functionalities or services may bring more redundancy, which makes the building and deploying of distributed software systems more challenging. Traditional deployment strategy is process-centric. One server controls the whole deployment procedure sequentially, which usually fails to achieve expected efficiency. Especially when those relatively independent modules in the same layer share similar deploying strategy, the traditional way raise a lot of duplicated work with high cost. Furthermore, it's difficult to locate faults and fix errors dynamically due to the stream-based style. In this paper, we propose an automatic deployment approach using a coordination model for distributed software systems. Tasks are planned based on the overall system capabilities and dependencies between modules. The coordination node monitors and maintains the task status. Clients can actively apply for tasks from the coordination node. This approach utilizes system resources effectively and improves deployment automation. Our approach has been applied in a large web services company to deploy a mini version of a search engine. Comparing with traditional methods, this new approach achieves much better results.
First low polarisation dependence optical FSK receiver based on a Fabry–Perot laser with a near square active waveguide structure (1993)

A low polarisation dependent optical FSK receiver based on an FP laser with one antireflection coated facet and a near square active waveguide structure is reported. The FP laser receiver presents a polarisation dependence of less than 2 dB.
Design of Experiments (about J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1560-1561) (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of Experiments (about J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1560-1561)David M. Birney View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 12, 1557Publication Date (Web):December 1, 2000Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p1557.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (33 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Performance of a Diesel, JP-8 Reformer (2006)

Under a U.S. Army program, Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI) has developed and demonstrated an ultra compact and lightweight 2 5 kWe diesel reformer and desulfurizer producing <1 ppm sulfur in reformate. The prototype includes a steam generator, fuel/air/water pumps, premixer, atomizer, igniter, sulfur cleanup and a controller to enable stand-alone operation. The reforming reactor was based on a small, modular catalytic reactor, which utilized patented Microlith substrates and catalyst technology. It uses an auto thermal reforming (ATR) approach. The reformer has been tested with JP-8 and Jet-A fuels. It can also be adapted and thermally integrated to use various fuels and fuel cells. The primary characteristic of PCI's ATR is that it operates on very low water flows (S:C d 1) without coking and the reforming catalyst is sulfur tolerant. This permits meeting water needs via recycling from the stack exhaust as well as the long-term use of a ZnO desulfurizer. The reforming efficiency is >70%. Two brassboard prototypes were developed a 5 kWe (12 kWth) and a 2 kWe (5 kWth) sized unit and tested over hundreds of hours.
Centrifugation injury of Gram-negative bacteria (1991)

Journal Article Centrifugation injury of Gram-negative bacteria Get access PETER GILBERT, PETER GILBERT aDepartment of Pharmacy, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FIONA CAPLAN, FIONA CAPLAN aDepartment of Pharmacy, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL R. W. BROWN MICHAEL R. W. BROWN bPharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute Aston UniversityAston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1991, Pages 550–551, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/27.4.550 Published: 01 April 1991
Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates inflammatory response in macrophages. (2011)

The multi-functional apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) DNA repair and redox signaling protein has been shown to have a role in cancer growth and survival, however, little has been investigated concerning its role in inflammation. In this study, an APE1 redox-specific inhibitor (E3330) was used in lypopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (RAW264.7). E3330 clearly suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6) and IL-12 and inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) as well as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) from the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These data were supported by the down-regulation of the LPS-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes in the RAW264.7 cells. The effects of E3330 were mediated by the inhibition of transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) in the LPS-stimulated macrophages, both known targets of APE1. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of APE1 by E3330 suppresses inflammatory response in activated macrophages and can be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of tumor-associated macrophages.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence that Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) Contributes to Stirring- and Shear-Dependent Activation of Platelet-Derived TGF-β1 (2009)

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), which is contained in platelet alpha-granules and released with activation, has been shown to activate latent TGF-beta1 in vitro, but its in vivo role is unclear as TSP-1-null (Thbs1(-/-)) mice have a much less severe phenotype than TGF-beta1-null (Tgfb1(-/-)) mice. We recently demonstrated that stirring and/or shear could activate latent TGF-beta1 released from platelets and have now studied these methods of TGF-beta1 activation in samples from Thbs1(-/-) mice, which have higher platelet counts and higher levels of total TGF-beta1 in their serum than wild type mice. After either two hours of stirring or shear, Thbs1(-/-) samples demonstrated less TGF-beta1 activation (31% and 54% lower levels of active TGF-beta1 in serum and platelet releasates, respectively). TGF-beta1 activation in Thbs1(-/-) mice samples was normalized by adding recombinant human TSP-1 (rhTSP-1). Exposure of platelet releasates to shear for one hour led to near depletion of TSP-1, but this could be prevented by preincubating samples with thiol-reactive agents. Moreover, replenishing rhTSP-1 to human platelet releasates after one hour of stirring enhanced TGF-beta1 activation. In vivo TGF-beta1 activation in carotid artery thrombi was also partially impaired in Thbs1(-/-) mice. These data indicate that TSP-1 contributes to shear-dependent TGF-beta1 activation, thus providing a potential explanation for the inconsistent in vitro data previously reported as well as for the differences in phenotypes of Thbs1(-/-) and Tgfb1(-/-) mice.
A Novel Approach to the Serology of Potyviruses Involving Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibodies Directed towards Virus-specific N Termini of Coat Proteins (1989)

SUMMARY Attempts to identify and classify distinct potyviruses and their strains have frequently been hampered by the presence of variable proportions of cross-reacting antibodies in antisera. Investigations of reactivities in electroblot immunoassays of 11 polyclonal antisera raised by injection of intact particles of potyviruses produced in different laboratories with 12 distinct potyviruses showed that such cross-reacting antibodies were directed towards the homologous core protein region of potyvirus coat proteins. A simple method was developed to obtain virus-specific antibodies using affinity chromatography. It involved removal of the surface-located, virus-specific N-terminal peptide region from particles of one potyvirus using lysyl endopeptidase, coupling of the truncated coat protein to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose gel, and passing antisera to different potyviruses through the column. Antibodies that did not bind to the column were found to be highly specific.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Ultrathin Films with a Binary Architecture:  Combined Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte and Surface-Initiated Polymerization Approach (2007)

The fabrication of a multicomponent responsive polymer ultrathin film through the combined use of the layer-by-layer (LbL) and surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) techniques is described. Through the use of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and two alternately charged atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators, a pH-controlled membrane was prepared capable of SIP. Polymerization of n-isopropylacrylamide to form PNIPAM brushes on top of this membrane surface created a thermally responsive layer. The combination of these two systems created a dual control mechanism for permeability through the membrane where pH control can be utilized on the polyelectrolyte LbL layers and thermal control on the polymer brushes. A series of experiments including electrochemistry, contact angle, and in-situ ellipsometry were used to demonstrate these effects. It is possible that other stimuli-responsive systems can be designed using the two independent macromolecular assembly and synthesis protocols.
Smart Aggregates Containing Piezoceramics: Fabrication and Applications (2007)

1. NSFREU Researcher for the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, USA 2. Undergraduate Student; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maine 3. Undergraduate Student; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston Graduate Student Advisors: Hai Chang Gu PhD. Student; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston Claudio Olmi PhD. Student; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston Faculty Advisors: Dr. Gangbing Song; Faculty-in-charge, Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory, University of Houston Dr. Yi-Lung Mo; Professor of Civil Engineering REU Sponsor, University of Houston
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging ( <scp>MRI</scp> ) and subsequent <scp>MRI</scp> /ultrasonography fusion‐guided biopsy increase the detection of anteriorly located prostate cancers (2014)

The results showed that FGB detects significantly more anteriorly located PCa than does TRUS-guided biopsy alone and it may serve as an effective tool for the subset of patients with such tumours.
Alternative proteolytic processing of the arterivirus replicase ORF1a polyprotein: evidence that NSP2 acts as a cofactor for the NSP4 serine protease (1997)

The C-terminal half of the replicase ORF1a polyprotein of the arterivirus equine arteritis virus is processed by a chymotrypsinlike serine protease (SP) (E. J. Snijder et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:4864-4871, 1996) located in nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4). Three probable SP cleavage sites had previously been identified in the ORF1a protein. Their proteolysis explained the main processing products generated from the C-terminal part of the ORF1a protein in infected cells (E. J. Snijder et al., J. Virol. 68:5755-5764, 1994). By using sequence comparison, ORF1a expression systems, and site-directed mutagenesis, we have now identified two additional SP cleavage sites: Glu-1430 / Gly and Glu-1452 / Ser. This means that the ORF1a protein can be cleaved into eight processing end products: nsp1 to nsp8. By microsequence analysis of the nsp5 and nsp7 N termini, we have now formally confirmed the specificity of the SP for Glu / (Gly/Ser) substrates. Importantly, our studies revealed that the C-terminal half of the ORF1a protein (nsp3-8) can be processed by the SP following two alternative pathways, which appear to be mutually exclusive. In the majority of the nsp3-8 precursors the SP cleaves the nsp4/5 site, yielding nsp3-4 and nsp5-8. Subsequently, the latter product is cleaved at the nsp7/8 site only, whereas the newly identified nsp5/6 and nsp6/7 sites appear to be inaccessible to the protease. In the alternative proteolytic cascade, which is used at a low but significant level in infected cells, it is the nsp4/5 site which remains uncleaved, while the nsp5/6 and nsp6/7 sites are processed to yield a set of previously unnoticed processing products. Coexpression studies revealed that nsp3-8 has to interact with cleaved nsp2 to allow processing of the nsp4/5 junction, the first step of the major processing pathway. When the nsp2 cofactor is absent, the nsp4/5 site cannot be processed and nsp3-8 is processed following the alternative, minor pathway.
A Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (1983)

Although the Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) Scale has widespread applicability to many areas of research in personality and social psychology, its utility is sometimes limited by its length. This article presents a brief, 12-item version of the FNE that correlates very highly (f96) with the original scale and that demonstrates psychometric properties that are nearly identical to those of the full-length scale.
Bone formation in the goat maxillary sinus induced by absorbable collagen sponge implants impregnated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. (1996)

This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and technical feasibility of inducing bone formation in an animal model of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). Bilateral antral maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures were surgically performed in six adult female Alpine-Saanen goats. Bone formation in response to the implant was evaluated using sequential radiographs, computerized tomography, and gross pathologic and histologic analysis performed at necropsy. Computerized tomographic scans documented nonosseous radiopacity in both sinuses postimplantation. Sinuses implanted with the rhBMP-2/ACS subsequently demonstrated increasing radiopacity local to the implant site, while radiopacity of the negative control sinuses remained unchanged or decreased. The results demonstrated the ability of an rhBMP-2/ACS implant to induce substantive new bone formation within the maxillary sinus of goats without adverse sequelae. The rhBMP-2/ACS composite implant may represent an acceptable alternative to traditional bone grafts and bone substitutes for maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures in humans.