gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phorbol ester binding domain of protein kinase C gamma. Deletion analysis of the Cys2 domain defines a minimal 43-amino acid peptide. (1994)

Cysteine-rich regions of protein kinase C (PKC) are critical for the lipid-dependent regulation of activity and are implicated in the coordination of zinc. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the second cysteine-rich region, Cys2, of PKC gamma with bound zinc with a stoichiometry of 1.8 +/- 0.1 mol of zinc/mol of protein. Deletion analysis within this cysteine-rich region defined amino acids essential for zinc coordination. An NH2-terminal histidine (His102) and a COOH-terminal cysteine (Cys151) were both critical for the coordination of distinct zinc atoms. Both represent the ultimate residues of a 50-amino acid consensus motif with six conserved cysteines and two conserved histidines present in the cysteine-rich regions of all PKC isoforms. Removal of histidine His102 abolished phorbol ester binding, while deletion of cysteine Cys151 did not. Deletion of valine (Val147) greatly diminished phorbol ester binding, which was completely lost only when valine (Val144) was also deleted. No significant further reduction in zinc stoichiometry below one resulted even when three COOH-terminal conserved cysteines (Cys151, Cys143, and Cys135) and a conserved histidine (His140) were deleted. These results are consistent with a model in which two zinc atoms are tetracoordinated per cysteine-rich region in two independent coordination spheres that are not functionally equivalent. These analyses determine a minimal peptide (residues 102-144) of 43 amino acids capable of [3H]PDBu binding.
The importance of characterizing the crystal form of the drug substance during drug development. (2003)

The existence of a new physical form of a drug substance with a bioavailability significantly different from that of the original form can have serious effects on the therapeutic levels of the dosage form. The goal of any dosage form is to ensure reproducible safe exposure during preclinical and clinical studies, and ultimately for the marketed product. This review discusses the different physical forms of a drug substance, including amorphous forms, polymorphs, hydrates and salts, and the importance of characterizing the form of the drug substance during development. A definition of the different forms is provided, and enantiotropism, monotropism and polyamorphicity are discussed. This article provides examples of cases in which changes in the physical form resulted in changes in stability and/or bioavailability of the product. The review also discusses some of the methods used to quantify the physical form of a drug substance in a product.
Efficient optical coupling to Bloch waves (2001)

Summary form only given. Highly nonlinear dispersion of Bloch waves which may be designed into photonic crystals (PCs) has potential application in optical signal processing, laser beam steering, and WDM filtering. However, due to the large mismatch between the group velocity in a PC material and an isotropic material it is difficult to couple light efficiently to these structures over a wide range of input wavelengths. In this paper we show how a nonperiodic dielectric transition region may be used to reduce coupling losses. In this way we provide an approach to remove one of the barriers to practical application of PCs.
Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-  (TNF ) and Soluble TNF Receptors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection-Correlations to Clinical, Immunologic, and Virologic Parameters (1994)

Two EIAs (Medgenix and Quantikine) and a bioassay were used to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in serum samples from 73 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients and in samples from 2 control groups. All clinical groups of HIV-1-infected patients, regardless of concurrent illness, had significantly elevated levels of both types of soluble TNF receptors (sTNFRs) and immunoreactive TNF alpha (Medgenix EIA), with the highest concentrations among the AIDS patients. These TNF parameters were significantly correlated with reduced CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Only a few HIV-1-infected patients had detectable TNF alpha levels measured by the Quantikine EIA. TNF alpha bioactivity was significantly raised only in the AIDS group. Serially measured sTNFRs, expressed as sTNFR slopes, were significantly associated with survival in the patient group. The raised levels of immunoreactive TNF alpha and sTNFRs strongly indicate activation of the TNF alpha system during HIV-1 infection. Levels increase with disease progression and degree of immunodeficiency; thus, serially measured sTNFRs may give useful prognostic information in HIV-1 infection.
Transfection of Immature Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells with the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene Potently Enhances Their In Vivo Antigen-Presenting Capacity (1999)

Ag presentation by dendritic cells (DC) is crucial for induction of primary T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. Because DC culture from blood or bone marrow-derived progenitors is now clinically applicable, this study investigated the effectiveness of in vitro-generated murine bone marrow-derived DC (Bm-DC) for in vivo immunization protocols. Previous studies demonstrated that GM-CSF is an essential growth and differentiation factor for DC in culture and that in vivo administration of GM-CSF augments primary immune responses, which renders GM-CSF an attractive candidate to further enhance the effectiveness of DC-based immunotherapy protocols. Therefore, immature Bm-DC were transiently transfected with the GM-CSF gene and tested for differentiation, migration, and Ag-presenting capacity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC were largely unaltered with regard to MHC and costimulatory molecule expression as well as alloantigen or peptide Ag-presenting capacity. When used for in vivo immunizations, however, the Ag-presenting capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC was greatly enhanced compared with mock-transfected or untransfected cells, as determined by their effectiveness to induce primary immune reactions against hapten, protein Ag, and tumor Ag, respectively. Increased effectiveness in vivo correlated with the better migratory capacity of GM-CSF gene-transfected Bm-DC. These results show that GM-CSF gene transfection significantly enhances the capacity of DC to induce primary immune responses in vivo, which might also improve DC-based vaccines currently under clinical investigation.
Discriminatory Analysis. Nonparametric Discrimination: Consistency Properties (1989)

Evelyn Fix, J. L. Hodges, Jr., Discriminatory Analysis. Nonparametric Discrimination: Consistency Properties, International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Dec., 1989), pp. 238-247
Whole genome tiling path array CGH analysis of segmental copy number alterations in cervical cancer cell lines (2006)

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, with high risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) constituting the major etiological agent. However, only a small percentage of women infected by the virus develop disease, suggesting that additional host genetic alterations are necessary for disease progression. In this study we examined the genomes of a panel of commonly used model cervical cancer cell lines using a recently developed whole genome tiling path array for CGH analysis. Detailed analysis of genomic profiles enabled the detection of many novel aberrations, which may have been missed by conventional cytogenetic methods. In total, 27 minimal regions of recurrent copy number alteration were identified that are potentially involved in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, fine mapping of the 3q gain, which is associated with the progression of precursor lesions to invasive cervical cancer, identified a minimal region of alteration harboring genes distinct from previous candidates. Novel regions of gene amplification, including the coamplification of both the Birc and MMP gene clusters on 11q22, were also evident. Lastly, characterization of genomic structure at sites of HPV integration identified the copy number gain of host cellular sequences between the viral-host genomic boundaries in both SiHa and SW756, suggesting a direct role for HPV integration in the development of genetic abnormalities that initiate cervical cancer. This work represents the highest resolution look at a cervical cancer genome to date and offers definitive characterization of the alteration status of these cancer cell lines.
Trapping Microfluidic Drops in Wells of Surface Energy (2011)

A small hole etched in the top of a wide microchannel creates a well of surface energy for a confined drop. This produces an attractive force ${F}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ equal to the energy gradient, which is estimated from geometric arguments. We use the drag ${F}_{d}$ from an outer flow to probe the trapping mechanism. When ${F}_{d}<{F}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, the drop deforms but remains anchored to the hole. Its shape provides information about the pressure field. At higher flow velocities, the drop detaches, defining a critical capillary number for which ${F}_{d}={F}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$. The measured anchoring force agrees with the geometric model.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Sampling-Based Approaches to the Calculation of Posterior Moments (1992)

Abstract Data augmentation and Gibbs sampling are two closely related, sampling-based approaches to the calculation of posterior moments. The fact that each produces a sample whose constituents are neither independent nor identically distributed complicates the assessment of convergence and numerical accuracy of the approximations to the expected value of functions of interest under the posterior. In this paper methods from spectral analysis are used to evaluate numerical accuracy formally and construct diagnostics for convergence. These methods are illustrated in the normal linear model with informative priors, and in the Tobit censored regression model.
Learning Discriminative Distance Functions for Case Retrieval and Decision Support. (2010)

The importance of learning distance functions is gradually being acknowledged by the machine learning community, and different techniques are suggested that can successfully learn a strong distance function in many various contexts. Nevertheless the studies in the area are still rather fragmentary; they lack systematic analysis and focus on a limited circle of application domains. In this paper, two techniques for learning discriminative distance function are evaluated and compared on biomedical data of different kind; learning from equivalence constraints and the intrinsic Random Forest similarity. Both techniques demonstrate competitive results with respect to plain learning; the Random Forest similarity exhibits a more robust behaviour and is shown to be less susceptible to missing data and noise.
γ‐radiation of <i>p</i>‐substituted polystyrenes (1962)

Abstract The electronic environment about the main chain atoms in polystyrenes has been varied systematically by introducing electronegative or electropositive substituents (H 3 C, CH 3 O, Br, Cl, NC, and O 2 N groups) in the p ‐position of the ring. Energy yields for γ‐initiated H 2 formation and crosslinking, both a measure of the radiation sensitivity of the backbone, were determined above and below T g from ( 1 ) mass spectrometric examination of the decomposition gases and ( 2 ) molecular weight changes. For most of the polymers, it is concluded that the backbones of p ‐substituted polystyrenes are more radiation stable than that of polystyrene, and that main chain macroradicals formed early in the reaction are responsible for the major changes observed, i.e., hydrogen evolution and crosslinking. The role of the p ‐substituent on the latter effects is interpreted qualitatively in terms of the contribution by the substituent to the resonance stability of these intermediate polymer radicals. In the case of poly‐ p ‐bromo‐ and poly‐ p ‐chlorostyrene, the inordinately high sensitivity to crosslinking and the absence of halogen atoms in the decomposition gases suggest the importance of a chain reaction in the radiation chemistry of these molecules.
HTTP Usage in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) (2015)

This document is one of a collection that together describes the
Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP). It describes how RDAP is
transported using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). RDAP is a
successor protocol to the very old WHOIS protocol. The purpose of this
document is to clarify the use of standard HTTP mechanisms for this
application.
Li ion kinetic studies on spinel cathodes, Li(M1/6Mn11/6)O4 (M = Mn, Co, CoAl) by GITT and EIS (2002)

Pristine and substituted spinels, Li(M1/6Mn11/6)O4 (M = Co1/6, Co1/12Al1/12) were prepared and their cathodic performance up to 80 cycles at ambient temperature and at 50 °C and the Li ion kinetic parameters obtained by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) at ambient temperature and 50 °C and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at ambient temperature up to 80 cycles were compared to understand the improved performance observed for the doped spinels. The apparent Li diffusion coefficient (DLi) obtained from GITT in the voltage range of operation of the cell (3.5–4.3 V vs. Li) at ambient temperature and 50 °C is in the range 1 × 10−9–10−10 cm2 s−1 for M = Mn, Co and (Co,Al). The DLivs. voltage plots show indication of suppression of two-phase formation in doped spinels. Distinct changes in the EIS-derived parameters and the DLi values in the compounds with M = Co, (Co,Al) as compared to LiMn2O4 lead to the conclusion that the observed cycling stability in the doped spinels is contributed by the Li ion kinetics in addition to the suppression of the structural changes and associated material dissolution.
Nitrogen implantation of AISI 304 stainless steel with a coaxial plasma gun (1988)

The application of a plasma focus (PF) device operated at 1 kJ and 25 kV as a pulsed ion implanter is described. Samples of AISI 304 stainless steel implanted with nitrogen with this device show a reduction of wear of 42 times with respect to the implanted ones, with a reduction, at the same time of the friction coefficient. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of nitrided samples show the Fe2N precipitate formation, in an almost homogeneous ∼0.4-μm-thick superficial layer. The feasibility of the use of the PF as an implanter arises from these results as well as the possibility of designing and constructing similar systems that could perform the whole process (e.g., nitriding) in short time intervals (∼10 s).
Hydrogen peroxide is involved in high blue light-induced chloroplast avoidance movements in Arabidopsis (2008)

One of the most important functions of blue light (BL) is to induce chloroplast movements in order to reduce the damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is commonly generated under various environmental stimuli, can act as a signalling molecule that regulates a number of developmental processes and stress responses. To investigate whether H(2)O(2) is involved in high-fluence BL-induced chloroplast avoidance movements, a laser scanning confocal microscope and a luminescence spectrometer were used to observe H(2)O(2) generation in situ with the assistance of the fluorescence probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCF-DA). After treatment with high-fluence BL, an enhanced accumulation of H(2)O(2), indicated by the fluorescence intensity of DCF, can be observed in leaf cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenously applied H(2)O(2) promotes the high-fluence BL-induced chloroplast movements in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of 0-10(-4) M, not only increasing the degree of movements but also accelerating the start of migrations. Moreover, the high-fluence BL-induced H(2)O(2) generation and the subsequent chloroplast movements can be largely abolished by the administration of the H(2)O(2)-specific scavenger catalase and other antioxidants. In addition, in-depth subcellular experiments indicated that high-fluence BL-induced H(2)O(2) generation can be partly abolished by the addition of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which is an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and the blocker of electron transport chain dichlorophenyl dimethylurea (DCMU), respectively. The results presented here suggest that high-fluence BL can induce H(2)O(2) generation at both the plasma membrane and the chloroplast, and that the production of H(2)O(2) is involved in high-fluence BL-induced chloroplast avoidance movements.
IL1RAPL1 controls inhibitory networks during cerebellar development in mice (2009)

Abnormalities in the formation and function of cerebellar circuitry potentially contribute to cognitive deficits in humans. In the adult, the activity of the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex - the Purkinje cells (PCs) - is shaped by the balance of activity between local excitatory and inhibitory circuits. However, how this balance is established during development remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), a protein linked to cognitive function which interacts with neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) in the development of mouse cerebellum. Using Il1rapl1-deficient mice, we found that absence of IL1RAPL1 causes a transient disinhibition of deep cerebellar nuclei neurons between postnatal days 10 and 14 (P10/P14). Upstream, in the cerebellar cortex, we found developmental perturbations in the activity level of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), resulting in the premature appearance of giant GABAA-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic currents capable of silencing PCs. Examination of feed-forward recruitment of MLIs by parallel fibres shows that during this P10/P14 time window, MLIs were more responsive to incoming excitatory drive. Thus, we conclude that IL1RAPL1 exerts a key function during cerebellar development in establishing local excitation/inhibition balance.
Mode-coupling characteristics of UV-writtenBragg gratings in depressed-cladding fibre (1994)

Additional grating resonances are observed near the fundamental-mode Bragg wavelength in depressed-cladding fibre. They occur above and below the LP11 cutoff. Images of the reflected and transmitted fields and calculations of the phase-matching conditions show that they are due to coupling between LP01 and bound, or slightly leaky, LP11 modes.
Asymptotic Behavior of Dissipative Systems (2010)

Discrete dynamical systems: Limit sets Stability of invariant sets and asymptotically smooth maps Examples of asymptotically smooth maps Dissipativeness and global attractors Dependence on parameters Fixed point theorems Stability relative to the global attractor and Morse-Smale maps Dimension of the global attractor Dissipativeness in two spaces Continuous dynamical systems: Limit sets Asymptotically smooth and $\alpha$-contracting semigroups Stability of invariant sets Dissipativeness and global attractors Dependence on parameters Periodic processes Skew product flows Gradient flows Dissipativeness in two spaces Properties of the flow on the attractor Applications: Retarded functional differential equations Sectorial evolutionary equations A scalar parabolic equation The Navier-Stokes equation Neutral functional differential equations Some abstract evolutionary equations A one-dimensional damped wave equation A three-dimensional damped wave equation Remarks on other applications Dependence on parameters and approximation of the attractor.
Antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to Ochrobactrum anthropi cytosolic and outer membrane antigens in infections by smooth and rough Brucella spp (1997)

Immunological cross-reactions between Brucella spp. and Ochrobactrum anthropi were investigated in animals and humans naturally infected by Brucella spp. and in experimentally infected rams (Brucella ovis infected), rabbits (Brucella melitensis infected), and mice (B. melitensis and Brucella abortus infected). In the animals tested, O. anthropi cytosolic proteins evoked a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction of a frequency and intensity similar to that observed with B. melitensis brucellin. O. anthropi cytosolic proteins also reacted in gel precipitation tests with antibodies in sera from Brucella natural hosts with a frequency similar to that observed with B. melitensis proteins, and absorption experiments and immunoblotting showed antibodies to both Brucella-specific proteins and proteins common to Brucella and O. anthropi. No antibodies to O. anthropi cytosolic proteins were detected in the sera of Brucella-free hosts. Immunoblotting with sera of Brucella-infected sheep and goats showed immunoglobulin G (IgG) to Brucella group 3 outer membrane proteins and to O. anthropi proteins of similar molecular weight. No IgG to the O-specific polysaccharide of O. anthropi lipopolysaccharide was detected in the sera of Brucella-infected hosts. The sera of sheep, goats, and rabbits infected with B. melitensis contained IgG to O. anthropi rough lipopolysaccharide and lipid A, and B. ovis and O. anthropi rough lipopolysaccharides showed equal reactivities with IgG in the sera of B. ovis-infected rams. The findings show that the immunoresponse of Brucella-infected hosts to protein antigens is not necessarily specific for brucellae and suggest that the presence of O. anthropi or some related bacteria explains the previously described reactivities to Brucella rough lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins in healthy animals.
Pressure Effects on the Thermal Stability of Silicon Carbide Fibers (1989)

Commerically available polymer‐derived SiC fibers were treated at temperatures from 1000° to 2200°C under vacuum and at argon gas pressures of 0.1 and 138 MPa. Effects of increasing inert gas pressure on the thermal stability of the fibers were determined through studies of the fiber microstructure, weight loss, grain growth, and tensile strength. The 138‐MPa argon gas treatment was found to shift the onset of fiber weight loss from 1200° to above 1500°C. Grain growth and tensile strength degradation were correlated with weight loss and were thus also inhibited by high‐pressure treatments. Retreatment in 0.1 MPa of argon of the fibers initially treated in 138 MPa of argon caused further weight loss and tensile strength degradation, thus indicating that high‐pressure inert gas conditions were effective only in delaying fiber strength degradation and that no permanent microstructural changes were induced.
Surface Characterization of Helium Plasma Treated Nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> Sol-gel Coated UHMWPE Filaments by Contact Angle Experiments and ATR-FTIR (2010)

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Filaments has a low surface free energy and therefore modification of their surface properties before any use is often needed. Atmospheric pressure plasmas treatment is a convenient and environment friendly way to obtain these modifications by introducing new chemical groups at the surface without affecting the bulk properties. This paper studies the influence of nano-SiO 2 Sol-gel coated pretreatment on atmospheric pressure jet (APPJ) treatment of UHMWPE fibers with helium used as the treatment gas. The surface properties of the plasma-treated UHMWPE Filaments are characterized using contact angle measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The UHMWPE Filaments show a remarkable increase in surface free energy after plasma treatment. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of the plasma-treated UHMWPE Filaments reveals that plasma treatment introduces oxygen-containing functionalities, such as ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and carboxylic acids on the UHMWPE Filaments surface leading to the increase of surface free energy.