gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linkage of Reduced Receptor Affinity and Superinfection to Pathogenesis ofTR1.3 Murine Leukemia Virus (2006)

TR1.3 is a Friend murine leukemia virus (MLV) that induces selective syncytium induction (SI) of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), intracerebral hemorrhage, and death. Syncytium induction by TR1.3 has been mapped to a single tryptophan-to-glycine conversion at position 102 of the envelope glycoprotein (Env102). The mechanism of SI by TR1.3 was examined here in comparison to the non-syncytium-inducing, nonpathogenic MLV FB29, which displays an identical BCEC tropism. Envelope protein expression and stability on both infected cells and viral particles were not statistically different for TR1.3 and FB29. However, affinity measurements derived using purified envelope receptor binding domain (RBD) revealed a reduction of >1 log in the K(D) of TR1.3 RBD relative to FB29 RBD. Whole-virus particles pseudotyped with TR1.3 Env similarly displayed a markedly reduced binding avidity compared to FB29-pseudotyped viral particles. Lastly, decreased receptor affinity of TR1.3 Env correlated with the failure to block superinfection following acute and chronic infection by TR1.3. These results definitively show that acquisition of a SI phenotype can be directly linked to amino acid changes in retroviral Env that decrease receptor affinity, thereby emphasizing the importance of events downstream of receptor binding in the cell fusion process and pathology.
Bovine virus diarrhoea virus RNA synthesis (2015)

The size of the genomic RNA of the pestivirus bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is unclear. Early estimates ranged from 8.2-10.5 kilobases (kb). More recently a size of 12.5-13 kb has been reported. Very little is known concerning the synthesis of BVDV RNA in infected cells. The goals of the project were: to accurately size the genomic RNAs of cytopathic (cBVDV) and noncytopathic (ncBVDV) BVDV strains; and to compare the synthesis of BVDV RNA in cells infected with different BVDV strains. The BVDV genome was sized by comparison of BVDV-specific intracellular and virion RNAs to vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs and denatured bacteriophage λ DNA restriction fragments. This resulted in a size estimate of 12.6 kb for the BVDV genome. No significant difference in genome size was detected between the strains studied. For the study of RNA synthesis, total cell RNA was prepared from infected cells at various times postinfection. The RNA was dot blotted onto duplicate nitrocellulose filters, that were probed with either plus or minus sense 32P-labelled BVDV RNA transcribed from a BVDV cDNA. Quantitation of the RNAs was achieved by scanning autoradiographs with a densitometer. The concentration of BVDV RNA was calculated using BVDV-specific RNA calibrations. The quantity of BVDV RNA varied markedly between cells infected with different strains
Phosphorylation of B‐50 (GAP43) Is Correlated with Neurotransmitter Release in Rat Hippocampal Slices (1989)

Recent studies have demonstrated that phorbol diesters enhance the release of various neurotransmitters. It is generally accepted that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is the mechanism by which phorbol diesters act on neurotransmitter release. The action of PKC in neurotransmitter release is very likely mediated by phosphorylation of substrate proteins localized in the presynaptic nerve terminal. An important presynaptic substrate of PKC is B-50. To investigate whether B-50 mediates the actions of PKC in neurotransmitter release, we have studied B-50 phosphorylation in intact rat hippocampal slices under conditions that stimulate or inhibit PKC and neurotransmitter release. The slices were labelled with [32P]orthophosphate. After treatment, the slices were homogenized, B-50 was immunoprecipitated from the slice homogenate, and the incorporation of 32P into B-50 was determined. Chemical depolarization (30 mM K+) and the presence of phorbol diesters, conditions that stimulate neurotransmitter release, separately and in combination, also enhance B-50 phosphorylation. Polymyxin B, an inhibitor of PKC and neurotransmitter release, decreases concentration dependently the depolarization-induced stimulation of B-50 phosphorylation. The effects of depolarization are not detectable at low extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. It is concluded that in rat hippocampal slices B-50 may mediate the action of PKC in neurotransmitter release.
Anterior-Posterior Thoracic Force-Deflection Characteristics Measured During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Comparison to Post-Mortem Human Subject Data (2006)

Comparative data of thoracic compression response between live vs. post mortem human subjects (PMHS) has been reported, but the live subject tests are often at low deflections and include the effects of muscle tensing. Novel technology has been developed that overcomes several of these limitations. Specifically, a load cell and accelerometer has been integrated into a clinical monitor-defibrillator to measure chest compression and applied force during live human cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The sensor is interposed between the hands of the person administering CPR and the sternum of the patient. The objective of this study was to compare the thoracic force-deflection measured during adult CPR to that measured during hub-based loading of adult PMHS. CPR represents a unique setting in which to study the mechanics of the chest as the thorax is loaded to a maximum chest deflection similar to that seen in a frontal crash environment and the effects of muscle tensing are minimized. PMHS and CPR data were modeled with a progressive spring in parallel with a viscous damper. Statistical comparison of the model parameters used to describe the compliance of the thorax during large compressions revealed that under the specific loading conditions tested, chest compressions during CPR generated less force at equivalent deflections than the PMHS. Specifically, the spring force at 40 mm deflection was 286 N for the CPR data and 588 N for the PMHS. Differences in area of load application and thoracic structures engaged, however, may partially explain these differences. In addition, the chest response during CPR demonstrated more hysteresis than the PMHS suggesting that the viscoelastic nature of the thorax is more pronounced when tissues are naturally perfused and substantial tissue autolysis has not begun. This study presents fundamental biomechanical data on the mechanical response of the adult thorax that increases our understanding of any potential differences between PMHS and chest response obtained during CPR before substantial tissue autolysis begins. We contend that the thoracic compliance measured during CPR may continue to offer important force-deflection estimates in the future.
Distributed Learning in Multi-Armed Bandit With Multiple Players (2010)

We formulate and study a decentralized multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem. There are M distributed players competing for N independent arms. Each arm, when played, offers i.i.d. reward according to a distribution with an unknown parameter. At each time, each player chooses one arm to play without exchanging observations or any information with other players. Players choosing the same arm collide, and, depending on the collision model, either no one receives reward or the colliding players share the reward in an arbitrary way. We show that the minimum system regret of the decentralized MAB grows with time at the same logarithmic order as in the centralized counterpart where players act collectively as a single entity by exchanging observations and making decisions jointly. A decentralized policy is constructed to achieve this optimal order while ensuring fairness among players and without assuming any pre-agreement or information exchange among players. Based on a time-division fair sharing (TDFS) of the M best arms, the proposed policy is constructed and its order optimality is proven under a general reward model. Furthermore, the basic structure of the TDFS policy can be used with any order-optimal single-player policy to achieve order optimality in the decentralized setting. We also establish a lower bound on the system regret for a general class of decentralized polices, to which the proposed policy belongs. This problem finds potential applications in cognitive radio networks, multi-channel communication systems, multi-agent systems, web search and advertising, and social networks.
Open Versus Closed: A Cautionary Tale (2018)

Workload generators may be classified as based on a closed system model, where new job arrivals are only triggered by job completions (followed by think time), or an open system model, where new jobs arrive independently of job completions. In general, system designers pay little attention to whether a workload generator is closed or open. Using a combination of implementation and simulation experiments, we illustrate that there is a vast difference in behavior between open and closed models in real-world settings. We synthesize these differences into eight simple guiding principles, which serve three purposes. First, the principles specify how scheduling policies are impacted by closed and open models, and explain the differences in user level performance. Second, the principles motivate the use of partly open system models, whose behavior we show to lie between that of closed and open models. Finally, the principles provide guidelines to system designers for determining which system model is most appropriate for a given workload.
Erbium-doped silica-based waveguide amplifierintegrated with a 980/1530 nm WDM coupler (1994)

A high gain of 27 dB is achieved in an erbium-doped silica-based planar waveguide amplifier integrated with a directional coupler which multiplexes the signal and pump light. A low noise figure of 5.0 dB is attained with the planar amplifier by using an integrated coupler which is formed of erbium-doped silica-based waveguides.
Local planning: Progress and prospects (1992)

(1992). Local planning: Progress and prospects. Planning Practice & Research: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 27-32.
Quantifying and increasing the value of multi-azimuth seismic (2007)

Conventional marine exploration offshore Nile Delta is challenged by shallow heterogeneities and a deep, complex anhydrite layer called the Messinian. These subsurface complexities cause variable illumination and strong diffracted multiples resulting in imaging challenges below the anhydrite on conventional narrow-azimuth towed streamer acquisition because the recording antenna is too small (Figure 1a). Additionally, it has proved difficult to build the detailed depth migration velocity model required to correctly image below the Messinian layer. Multi-azimuth (MAZ) acquisition using time-domain processing however, has been very successful in addressing both the noise and illumination problems in the Nile Delta. The increased azimuthal and crossline offset coverage—bigger antenna—is achieved by acquiring six conventional marine surveys over the same area at 30° sail-line increments (Figure 1b).
Topoisomerase I amplification in melanoma is associated with more advanced tumours and poor prognosis (2010)

In this study, we used array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to examine genetic aberrations in melanoma cell lines and tissues. Array-comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the most frequent genetic changes found in melanoma cell lines were amplifications on chromosomes 7p and 20q, along with disruptions on Chr 9, 10, 11, 12, 22 and Y. Validation of the results using FISH on tissue microarrays (TMAs) identified TOP1 as being amplified in melanoma tissues. TOP1 amplification was detected in a high percentage (33%) of tumours and was associated with thicker, aggressive tumours. These results show that TOP1 amplification is associated with advanced tumours and poor prognosis in melanoma. These observations open the possibility that TOP1-targeted therapeutics may be of benefit in a particular subgroup of advanced stage melanoma patients.
Technologies for today's mine emergency responders (2001)

Historically, underground mine rescue teams have only received training in the course of actual emergencies, or in simulated mine environments, usually on the surface, with placards to identify objects and hazards. Also, while US Federal Regulations require all underground miners to walk escapeways and conduct fire drills every 90 days in a smoke-free environment, this does not fully prepare them for the conditions that will be encountered in real escape situations. This paper describes technology and realistic training simulations that have been identified for the general workforce and mine emergency responders. Of all the technology evaluated by underground personnel, laser lights and lifelines were most beneficial in leading personnel to safety and out of the mine in smoke-filled passageways. These technological advancements can improve the state of readiness for rescue personnel and increase the chances of survival for personnel escaping from underground emergencies.
Role of pili in adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human respiratory epithelial cells (1988)

The ability of pili from Pseudomonas aeruginosa K (PAK) to act as an adhesin to human respiratory epithelial cells was examined using an in vitro adhesion assay. Equilibrium analysis of PAK binding to human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) and tracheal epithelial cells (TECs) by means of a Langmuir adsorption isotherm revealed that the maximum numbers of binding sites per epithelial cell (N) were 255 for BECs and 236 for TECs, with apparent association constants (Ka) of 2.8 x 10(-9) and 5.8 x 10(-9) ml/CFU, respectively. Trypsinization of the BECs before the binding assay increased N to 605 and decreased the Ka to 1.7 x 10(-9) ml/CFU. Addition of homologous pili to the binding assay with BECs or TECs or the addition of anti-pilus Fab fragments inhibited PAK adherence. Binding of purified pili to BECs was shown to reach saturation. Purified pili and PAK competed for the same receptor on the BEC surface. Further, by using peptide fragments of PAK pilin (derived from the native pili or produced synthetically) in the binding assay for PAK to BECs, we have presumptively identified the pilus binding domain in the C-terminal region of the pilin and shown that the C-terminal disulfide bridge is important in maintaining the functionality of the binding domain.
Massive Apoptosis Detected by In Situ DNA Nick End Labeling in Neuroblastoma (1996)

To seek evidence that tumor regression in neuroblastoma might result from massive apoptosis, we investigated tumor cell death in 39 neuroblastomas. Characteristic histologic features of apoptosis, condensed nuclear fragments and eosinophilic cytoplasm, were observed in all specimens. A ladder of DNA fragments induced by apoptosis was demonstrated by means of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis in 18 of the 19 tumors examined. In situ DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL) stained the nuclei with DNA fragmentation in 16 of 39 neuroblastomas. The TUNEL -positive cells were distributed in a scattered fashion in 10 tumors. In the remaining six tumors, they were densely located around nonviable areas of calcifications, where karyorrhectic or pyknotic cells were frequently observed. Five of six patients with such tumors were under 12 months of age, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the patient age, origin of the primary lesion, or tumor stage. Biological features, including histology. DNA ploidy, and N-myc amplification, were not significantly different . Double fluorescent staining for bcl-2 oncoprotein and TUNEL showed that bcl-2 oncoprotein was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells that were negative for TUNEL staining. This accumulated evidence suggests that massive apoptosis of tumor cells occurs in some neuroblastomas and may be related to tumor regression, whereas inhibition of apoptosis by bcl-2 oncoprotein expression might be associated with the tumorigenesis of neuroblastomas, as reported in our previous study.
Thermolysis of 3,3',5,5'-tetraphenyldiphenoquinone (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermolysis of 3,3',5,5'-tetraphenyldiphenoquinoneAllan S. HayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 1, 218–221Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00800a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00800a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RB-FEA Based Digital Twin for Structural Integrity Assessment of Offshore Structures (2018)

The reduced basis finite element analysis (RB-FEA) technology was utilized for performing structural analyses of a semisubmersible drilling rig. The digital twin of the drilling rig based on the RB-FEA technology is about 1000 times faster to analyze than a conventional FEA model, without any compromise in the accuracy of the solution. The global model was established by integrating the individual components of the RB-FEA model with associated material properties, loads, and boundary conditions. The software for mapping of the wave loads (generated by software such as WAMIT/WADAM) onto the hull structure of the drilling rig was developed. Time domain strength and fatigue analyses were then performed for the whole structure that also included the highly refined fatigue sensitive regions of the drilling rig. The results from the study demonstrated the efficiency and the accuracy of the RB-FEA based technology. The speedup and level of detail achieved through the RB-FEA technology is a key enabler for the digital twin technology since it enables true condition-based modeling of large and critical assets, allowing all relevant structural details to be included in the model, along with sensor and inspection-based condition data such as cracks, corrosion, and damage due to impact or collision. Asset life extension – enabled by the digital twin and condition-based monitoring using sensor systems – is the key to capitalizing on the value of existing facilities that are operating near (or beyond) their original design life.
Optical Oxygen Sensors for Applications in Microfluidic Cell Culture (2010)

The presence and concentration of oxygen in biological systems has a large impact on the behavior and viability of many types of cells, including the differentiation of stem cells or the growth of tumor cells. As a result, the integration of oxygen sensors within cell culture environments presents a powerful tool for quantifying the effects of oxygen concentrations on cell behavior, cell viability, and drug effectiveness. Because microfluidic cell culture environments are a promising alternative to traditional cell culture platforms, there is recent interest in integrating oxygen-sensing mechanisms with microfluidics for cell culture applications. Optical, luminescence-based oxygen sensors, in particular, show great promise in their ability to be integrated with microfluidics and cell culture systems. These sensors can be highly sensitive and do not consume oxygen or generate toxic byproducts in their sensing process. This paper presents a review of previously proposed optical oxygen sensor types, materials and formats most applicable to microfluidic cell culture, and analyzes their suitability for this and other in vitro applications.
Adaptive Filtering for Aggregation in Sensor Networks (2005)

Aggregation such as computing an average value of data measured in each sensor commonly occurs in many applications of sensor networks. Since sensor networks consist of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, reducing energy consumption must be considered in order to achieve a long network lifetime. Reducing the amount of messages exchanged is the most important for saving energy. Earlier work has demonstrated the effectiveness of in-network data aggregation and data filtering for minimizing the amount of messages in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an adaptive error adjustment scheme that is simpler, more effective and efficient than previous work. The proposed scheme is based on self-adjustment in each sensor node. We show through various experiments that our scheme reduces the network traffic significantly, and performs better than existing methods.
A high performance magnetic force microscope (1996)

We have constructed a high performance magnetic force microscope optimized for operation in the force gradient detection mode. The instrument incorporates a novel differential heterodyne interferometer that has a high immunity to microphonics and interference. The detection limit of the interferometer is limited by the intrinsic thermal noise of the cantilever sensor. Positioning and scanning of the sample is undertaken by a monolithic flexure stage driven by piezoelectric actuators. The stage incorporates capacitance sensors which are used to linearize the motion of the stage via a closed loop control system. The linearity achieved is better than 1% (full scale) with a positioning stability of 1 nm (rms). Recorded bit patterns in longitudinal media and domains in an AC-demagnetized Co/Pt multilayer have been studied.
Quantitative DSC evaluation of phase segregation rate in linear segmented polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas (1983)

Abstract Linearly segmented polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas are known to be phase separated; one phase is the soft phase, the other, the hard domain. Quantitative evaluation of the degree of phase separation was obtained by DSC. An estimation of the dispersed soft segments outside the soft phase can be made by Δ C p measurements and the increase in glass transition ( T g ) can be attributed to the presence of hard blocks in the soft phase. The segregation rate depends on the nature of the soft segments which decrease from hydrogenated polybutadiene to polybutadiene to polyether. It also depends on the nature of the chain extender from aliphatic to aromatic diol and from aliphatic to aromatic diamine. The presence of soft segments in hard domains can be related to the thermoplastic behavior of the polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas.
Application of the dual-luciferase reporter assay to the analysis of promoter activity in Zebrafish embryos (2008)

This assay has several advantages compared with the classical in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo (transgenic mice) approaches. Among others, the assay allows a rapid and quantitative measurement of the effects of particular genes or drugs in a given promoter in the context of a whole organism and it can also be used in high throughput screening experiments.
Study of filter characteristics based on PWL memristor (2009)

The memristor, the fourth element, after its invention by scientists at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories which published a paper on 1 May 2008 issue of Nature, has been capturing worldwide attention due to its potential significant applications. To impel the memristor's implementation in real-world, the more characteristics of memristor based circuit should be studied. In this paper, we study the filter characteristics for memristor based filter.