gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR-ARFI-based method for the quantitative measurement of tissue elasticity: application for monitoring HIFU therapy (2018)

Monitoring thermal therapies through medical imaging is essential in order to ensure that they are safe, efficient and reliable. In this paper, we propose a new approach, halfway between MR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) and MR elastography (MRE), allowing for the quantitative measurement of the elastic modulus of tissue in a highly localized manner. It relies on the simulation of the MR-ARFI profile, which depends on tissue biomechanical properties, and on the identification of tissue elasticity through the fitting of experimental displacement images measured using rapid MR-ARFI. This method was specifically developed to monitor MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) therapy. Elasticity changes were followed during HIFU ablations (N = 6) performed ex vivo in porcine muscle samples, and were compared to temperature changes measured by MR-thermometry. Shear modulus was found to increase consistently and steadily a few seconds after the heating started, and such changes were found to be irreversible. The shear modulus was found to increase from 1.49 ± 0.48 kPa (before ablation) to 3.69 ± 0.93 kPa (after ablation and cooling). Thanks to its ability to perform quantitative elasticity measurements in a highly localized manner around the focal spot, this method proved to be particularly attractive for monitoring HIFU ablations.
Flexible Carbon Nanotube−Polymer Composite Films with High Conductivity and Superhydrophobicity Made by Solution Process (2008)

CNT/Nafion nanocomposite film made by solution process exhibits high conductivity and superhydrophobicity. The highest water contact angle reaches 165.3 +/- 1.9 degrees. The wettability of the film can be controlled by simply varying the filtering rate and the content ratio of Nafion to CNT. We also develop a novel optical method to directly observe the air-solid-liquid interface for the first time. The extraordinary mechanical strength provided by the polymer helps the film retain its conductivity and superhydrobicity after 1000 bending cycles.
A multivariate test of association (2008)

A C++ implementation can be obtained from the authors.
P1‐261: Intranasal passive immunization using WGA‐modified oligomer antibodies greatly improves learning and memory in Alzheimer's 5XFAD mice (2012)

A prominent factor in neuron damage and dementia in AD appears to be the impact of synaptotoxic Aß oligomers (also known as ADDLs). These synaptotoxins target specific synapses critically involved in learning and memory and contribute to the cognitive decline observed in AD. We have investigated a new approach to targeting ADDLs as a basis for disease-modifying immunization. By targeting the correct Aß species and enhancing access of immunotherapeutics to the brain, our strategy is designed to overcome problems associated with recent clinical failures. Our approach uses ADDL-selective monoclonal antibodies (NU4), modifies them with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and delivers them to brain by intranasal vaccination. Based on the fact that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enhances intranasal delivery of therapeutics by endocytic active intraneuronal uptake while simultaneously facilitating passive extraneuronal uptake of unconjugated candidate drug due to nasal mucosa-like properties of WGA, we examined if intranasal passive immunization using containing a 1:1 mixture of WGA-conjugated plus unconjugated NU4 (w NU4) can improve learning and memory in 5XFAD transgenic mice modeling AD, evaluated by Morris water maze. 8 weeks old Male 5XFAD transgenic mice (Tgs) were intranasally injected with w NU4 or with unconjugated NU4 [(10μg/5ul/naris)X2 = (20μg/20μl/mouse/day), twice/week, for 8 weeks]. Age-matched controls [Tgs (n = 5); littermate (Lts) (n = 5)] received equal amount of saline (10ul/naris) for 8 weeks. Consequences for learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM). Learning data were analyzed using RMNOVA, Tukey posthoc test, and memory data analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey posthoc test. Compared to non-transgenic littermates, the 5XFAD Tg mice exhibited major deficits in learning and memory (↓ 53%, RMANOVA, ↓ 46%, ANOVA). Throughout the study, this and all other comparisions between groups were highly significant (P <0.0001). Intranasal delivery of NU4 enhanced performance in both cognitive tasks, validating this means of vaccination and of Aß oligomers as a therapeutic target. When NU4 was mixed with WGA-conjugated NU4, therapeutic efficacy was maximized. Cognitive performance by this group was indistinguishable from non-transgenic controls. Intranasal immunization with NU4/WGA-NU4 oligomer antibodies is a highly effective means of eliminating deficits in spatial learning and memory in the 5XFAD Tg model of AD. An example of a swim path showing the performance for spatial acquisition learning from start (Red) to end (Purple), trial ending on the non-discernible transparent acrylic platform submerged 1 cm below the surface of the water in a Morris water maze pool. An example of a swim path showing the performance for retention memory in which the platform has been removed from its usual location (PQ), and the swim path indicates more number of entries and time spent around the location that previously contained submerged platform (PQ).
An inductive approach to language translation (1964)

The possibility of natural language translation by means of fixed operations on example translation is considered. The conception of sentence translation which motivates the work is informally presented, and the measurement of physical similarity in pairs of strings is discussed, a nation which plays a central role in the proposed type of translator. Experimental evidence is presented in support of the premise upon which this conception is based.
Percutaneous Bone Marrow Grafting of Delayed Union and Nonunion in Cancer Patients (1990)

Bone marrow is a source of osteoprogenitor cells that are key elements in the process of bone formation and fracture healing. Eight patients with primary sarcomas treated by extensive en bloc resections and reconstruction using internal fixation who developed delayed unions or nonunions were treated by injection of autogeneic bone marrow into the site of failed healing. Five of the eight patients received chemotherapy, with one patient receiving radiation therapy in addition. Bone formation was noted in seven patients after injection. Union was achieved in five of the patients. These results, obtained in difficult clinical circumstances, are encouraging and suggest that autogeneic bone marrow grafting is a useful technique in the treatment of delayed unions and nonunions and warrant further clinical studies.
Research on Buckminsterfullerene Continues To Proliferate (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTResearch on Buckminsterfullerene Continues To ProliferateScientists are racking up new data on superconduction, metal derivatives, and physical and chemical properties of C "soccer ball"RUDY M. BAUMView Author Information C&EN San FranciscoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 23, 31–33Publication Date (Print):June 10, 1991Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 10 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n023.p031https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n023.p031newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbon nanomaterials,Nanospheres Get e-Alerts
Low complexity carrier phase recovery for DVB-RCS2 standard (2012)

This paper introduces the simplified methods to reduce phase noise effect for DVB-RCS2 standard which was recently released as the next generation satellite VSAT(Very Small Aperture Terminal) system in Ku/Ka band. The relevant work deals with both linear and CPM modulation.
Linearized secondary-electron cascades from the surface of metals. III. Line-shape synthesis (1979)

Linearization of the secondary-electron cascade from the surface of a metal is used to obtain a two-parameter fit ($A$,$m$) to the background of a spectral line: ${j}_{c}(E)=\frac{A}{{E}^{m}}$, where ${j}_{c}(E)$ is the energy-dependent ($E$) cascade current ${j}_{c}$. This function, evaluated above a spectral line threshold ($E\ensuremath{\ge}{E}_{T}$), is extended by analytic continuation into the region of the spectral line ($E\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{T}$) and subtracted as an approximation to the background. The resulting line then is narrowed by deconvolution of an instrument-specimen response function to remove inelastic-scattering effects that accompany elastic emission at energies characteristic of the spectral feature. An integral correction is described that can be used to extend further the effective correction. Application of these procedures in line-shape synthesis are demonstrated with secondary-electron spectra from a Cu(100) "clean" surface for two types of problems: (i) high-resolution spectroscopy with a goal of obtaining, for example, final-state effects in Auger electron lines, and (ii) low-resolution spectroscopy with a goal of obtaining a reasonable measure of the elastic constituents of emission which could serve, for example, as a basis for quantitative surface analysis. The high-resolution spectra for Auger electron emission accompanying the decay of core holes in ${L}_{2}$ and ${L}_{3}$ levels of Cu are compared with photoelectron-spectroscopy results reported in the literature. The corresponding spectra for ${M}_{1}$, ${M}_{2}$, and ${M}_{3}$ core holes are compared with other electron-excited Auger spectra reported in the literature.
Antisera specific for the .alpha.1, .alpha.2, .alpha.3, and .beta. subunits of the sodium-potassium ATPase: differential expression of .alpha. and .beta. subunits in rat tissue membranes (1989)

We have developed a panel of antibodies specific for the alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and beta subunits of the rat Na,K-ATPase. TrpE-alpha subunit isoform fusion proteins were used to generate three antisera, each of which reacted specifically with a distinct alpha subunit isotype. Western blot analysis of rat tissue microsomes revealed that alpha 1 subunits were expressed in all tissues while alpha 2 subunits were expressed in brain, heart, and lung. The alpha 3 subunit, a protein whose existence had been inferred from cDNA cloning, was expressed primarily in brain and copurified with ouabain-inhibitable Na,K-ATPase activity. An antiserum specific for the rat Na,K-ATPase beta subunit was generated from a TrpE-beta subunit fusion protein. Western blot analysis showed that beta subunits were present in kidney, brain, and heart. However, no beta subunits were detected in liver, lung, spleen, thymus, or lactating mammary gland. The distinct tissue distributions of alpha and beta subunits suggest that different members of the Na,K-ATPase family may have specialized functions.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter from Chromaffin Granules (1994)

Prior to secretion, monoamines (catecholamines, serotonin, histamine) are concentrated from the cytoplasm into vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT). These transporters also carry non-physiological compounds, e.g. the neurotoxin methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. VMAT acts as an electrogenic antiporter (exchanger) of protons and monoamines, using a proton electrochemical gradient. Vesicular transport is inhibited by specific ligands, including tetrabenazine, ketanserin and reserpine. The mechanism of transport and the biochemistry of VMAT have been analyzed with the help of these tools, using mainly the chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal glands as a source of transporter. Although biochemical studies did not suggest a multiplicity of VMATs, two homologous but distinct VMAT genes have recently been cloned from rat, bovine and human adrenal glands. The VMAT proteins are predicted to possess 12 transmembrane segments, with both extremities lying on the cytoplasmic side. They possess N-glycosylation sites in a putative luminal loop and phosphorylation sites in cytoplasmic domains. In rat, VMAT1 is expressed in the adrenal gland whereas VMAT2 is expressed in the brain. In contrast, we found that the bovine adrenal gland expressed both VMAT1 and VMAT2. VMAT2 corresponds to the major transporter of chromaffin granules, as shown by partial peptidic sequences of the purified protein and by a pharmacological analysis of the transport obtained in transfected COS cells (COS cells are monkey kidney cells possessing the ability to replicate SV-40-origin-containing plasmids). We discuss the possibility that VMAT1 may be specifically addressed to large secretory granules vesicles, whereas VMAT2 may also be addressed to small synaptic vesicles; species differences would then reflect the distinct physiological roles of the small synaptic vesicles in the adrenal gland.
Effect of ghrelin on inflammatory response in lung contusion (2012)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ghrelin on inflammatory response and tissue damage following trauma-induced acute lung injury. Thirty male wistar albino rats (300-400 g) were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (n = 6), lung contusion plus saline (saline-treated, n = 12), and lung contusion plus ghrelin (ghrelin-treated, n = 12). Saline- or ghrelin-treated traumatic rats were sacrificed at two time points (24 and 72 hours) after lung contusion. Blood was collected for the analysis of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA). Tissue transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological examination was performed on the lung tissue samples. Our results indicated that ghrelin significantly reduced morphologic damages. Serum ADA activities were significantly decreased after lung contusion and this decline started early with ghrelin treatment. TGF-β1 and MMP-2 levels in lung tissue were elevated at 72 hours after lung contusion and treatment with ghrelin significantly increased TGF-β1 level and reduced MMP-2 level. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that acute lung injury initiated proinflammatory responses and ghrelin administration showed an anti-inflammatory effect in lung contusion.
Electron radiography using a table-top laser-cluster plasma accelerator (2013)

We explore the use of a laser-based electron gun for applications in transmission electron radiography and microscopy at electron energies up to 2 MeV. This new approach holds the promise to overcome some limitations of existing conventional electron guns at high beam energies especially for ultrafast applications. Our laser-electron gun is based on titanium-sapphire, ultrashort pulse lasers to drive electron acceleration in a plasma. The focused laser pulse travels in a tailored Ar gas target and accelerates electrons to MeV energy in less than a millimetre. As a first application, we use this electron beam to perform contact transmission electron radiography of cm-scale thin and thick samples. We obtain transmission electron radiography of organic and inorganic dense objects over a field of view more than 50 mm wide. The images are well exposed and show details of both thick and thin samples. The spatial resolution for the current geometrical configuration was found to be approximately 60 mu m and was limited by geometrical effects combined with the intrinsic detector resolution and diffusion in the sample.
ISM-Band and Short Range Device Antennas (2005)

This application report discusses antenna fundamentals and the various types of antennas used for short range devices. Fundamentals are presented along with practical design principals.
Melioidosis (2012)

Melioidosis, most common in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, is caused by the environmental gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. This review considers recent developments in pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment.
SUBSTITUTING CONSUMPTION-BASED DIRECT TAXATION FOR INCOME TAXES AS THE INTERNATIONAL NORM (1992)

There would be significant advantages to a worldwide switch from conventional income taxation to consumption-based direct taxation as the international norm. This paper considers two direct consumption-based taxes. Both allow the immediate expensing of all business expenditures. One exempts interest and dividends and allows no deductions for them. The other includes the proceeds of borrowing in the tax base and allows a deduction for repayment of debt; interest is treated as under the income tax. Also examined are the distinction in international tax principles between the taxation of the normal return to capital and the taxation of economic rents, and the implications of the principle of "administrative independence" as an objective of international tax relations.
Communication through a quantum link (2009)

A chain of interacting spin behaves like a quantum mediator (quantum link), which allows two distant parties that control the ends of the chain to exchange quantum messages. We show that over repeated uses without resetting the study of a quantum link can be connected to correlated quantum channels with a finite dimensional environment (finite memory quantum channel). Then, using coding arguments for such kinds of channels and results on mixing channels we present a protocol that allows us to achieve perfect information transmission through a quantum link.
Chondroprotective effects of a polycarbonate‐urethane meniscal implant: histopathological results in a sheep model (2010)

current findings provide preliminary evidence for the ability of an artificial PCU meniscal implant to delay or prevent osteoarthritic changes in knee joint following complete medial meniscectomy.
Selective adsorption in ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization process with nano-engineered adsorbents: mechanism and characterization (2012)

This thesis describes the use of alumina powders as solid adsorbents for a scale up system of deep desulfurization of liquid fossil fuels and application of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for fabricating miniature reactors for fuel cell reformers.
Chemisorption of Hydrogen on the Diamond (100)2 .times. 1 Surface: An ab Initio Study (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemisorption of Hydrogen on the Diamond (100)2 .times. 1 Surface: An ab Initio StudyTerttu I. Hukka, Tapani A. Pakkanen, and Mark P. D'EvelynCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 47, 12420–12430Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100098a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100098a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Applicability of array algebra (1978)

Matrix equations, as occur in the techniques of least squares estimation and prediction, transform into equivalent array equations when the data are gridded. The mathematical model and the weight matrix associated with the data must also conform to certain requirements for this transformation. In comparison to the matrix equations the array equations result in significant savings in the number of computations and in the required storage.
ENERJİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ (2012)

Enerjinin küresel güç olma yolundaki önemi daha önce olduğu gibi günümüzde de giderek artmaktadır. Enerji hem ülkeler için hem de küresel bazdaki şirketler için stratejik bir kaynak durumundadır. Çoğu ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de enerjide dışa-bağımlılık ve enerji tüketim hızı giderek artmaktadır. Enerjideki bu dışa bağımlılık sadece ülkelerin ekonomik yapısını dışa bağımlı hale getirmekle kalmayıp aynı zaman da ülkelerin siyasi yapısını ve gelecekteki kararlarını da dışa bağımlı hale getirmektedir. Bu ithalat fazlasını ve tüketim hızını azaltabilmek için yeni veya yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına verilen önemin arttırılması gereklidir. Bu çerçevede Türkiye’nin 1960-2011 yılları arasındaki enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ise enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur.
Navigation drilling technology progresses (1986)

This article reports that navigation drilling - an approach that combines advanced drill bit, downhole motor, measurement-while-drilling, and well planning technology into an integrated, steerable drilling system - has reduced drilling time for operating companies worldwide. A major operating advantage of navigation drilling is the ability to drill both straight and directional intervals with a single assembly. In conventional directional drilling, a bent sub and downhole motor (or a bent housing motor) are used to initiate kick-offs and make course corrections. The bent sub is made-up above the motor, tilting the motor's axis 1 to 3 degrees compared to the axis of the drill string. The assembly toolface can be aligned in the desired direction with a single-shot, a steering tool or an MWD system.
Symbol timing estimation with CPM modulation (1996)

Symbol timing in continuous phase modulated signals is investigated making use of maximum likelihood estimation methods. Nondata-aided algorithms are proposed with a feedforward structure. They are suitable for digital implementation and can be employed with either full or partial response signaling. Multilevel symbol alphabets are allowed and the modulation index may be arbitrary. The performance is assessed by analysis and simulation. It turns out that full response schemes are comparatively easier to synchronize. Difficulties arise with partial response signaling especially with long frequency pulses.