gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope applications in biomolecular structure and mechanisms. A meeting to bring together producers and users of stable-isotope-labeled compounds to assess current and future needs (1994)

Knowledge of biomolecular structure is a prerequisite for understanding biomolecular function, and stable isotopes play an increasingly important role in structure determination of biological molecules. The first Conference on Stable Isotope Applications in Biomolecular Structure and Mechanisms was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 27--31, 1994. More than 120 participants from 8 countries and 44 institutions reviewed significant developments, discussed the most promising applications for stable isotopes, and addressed future needs and challenges. Participants focused on applications of stable isotopes for studies of the structure and function of proteins, peptides, RNA, and DNA. Recent advances in NMR techniques neutron scattering, EPR, and vibrational spectroscopy were highlighted in addition to the production and synthesis of labeled compounds. This volume includes invited speaker and poster presentations as well as a set of reports from discussion panels that focused on the needs of the scientific community and the potential roles of private industry, the National Stable Isotope Resource, and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in serving those needs. This is the leading abstract. Individual papers are processed separately for the database.
A Phase II open-label study of capecitabine in combination with irinotecan as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (2004)

3658 Background: Capecitabine (C) and irinotecan (I) have demonstrated to be effective against colorectal cancer. They have different antitumor mechanisms yet no cross-resistance. In this multicenter phase II study, we sought to assess the efficacy and safety of CI in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Between July 2001 and September 2002, 50 pts were registered; 1 was ineligible (prior I). A total of 49 pts received C 1000 mg/m2 twice daily (2000 mg/m2 daily dose) Days 1–14 and I 240 mg/m2 on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle. At baseline, 88% were white and 57% were male; median age was 64.5 years (range, 25.8–84.5); ECOG performance status was 0–2. Results: 7 pts were non-evaluable (1 early death, 1 other disease, 2 refused treatment, and 3 had no tumor assessment). Responses for 42 evaluable pts were 1 CR (2%), 18 PR (43%), 20 SD (48%) and 2 PD (7%), for an overall response rate (CR+PR) of 45% with median duration of response of 5.7 months (range, 2.5–11.8). Median survival was 13.4 months (range, 1.15 –23.6) and median progression free survival was 6.7 months (range, 1.15 –17.5). At 1-year, the estimated survival was 52% and the PFS was 15%. Patients received a median of 6 cycles of treatment (range, 1–18). Causes of death; 19 PD, cardiopulmonary arrest, CVA, suicide, and treatment related sudden death (1 each). Grade 1–2 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 8 pts (16%). NCI Grade ≥ 3 drug-related toxicities: GI (31%), neutropenia (12%), dehydration (10%), anemia, fatigue and pain (6%, each), febrile neutropenia (4%), leukopenia, myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia and weight loss (2%, each). Conclusions: Capecitabine and irinotecan given in this schedule is an active combination for the treatment of first line metastatic colorectal cancer. Although there was significant toxicity with the regimen, toxicity was manageable with dose reduction or dose delay. This combination should be further investigated in phase III trials. Supported by Roche Laboratories, Inc., NJ, USA Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche
Preparation and Evaluation of Adsorbents from Coal and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Shell for the Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions (2018)

Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions removal using adsorbents prepared from sub-bituminous coal, lignite, and a blend of coal and <i>Irvingia gabonensis</i> seed shells was investigated. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and X-ray fluorescence analyses implicated hydroxyl, carbonyl, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and SiO<sub>2</sub> as being responsible for attaching the metal ions on the porous adsorbents. The optimum adsorption of carbonized lignite for the uptake of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous media were 80.93 and 87.85%, respectively. Batch adsorption was done by effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, temperature, particle size, and initial concentration. Equilibrium for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) was established within 100 and 120 min respectively. Blending the lignite-derived adsorbent with <i>I. gabonensis</i> seed shell improved the performance significantly. More improvement was observed on modification of the blend using NaOH and H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. Pb(II) was preferentially adsorbed than Cd(II) in all cases. Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions followed Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was best described by pseudo-second order model. The potential for using a blend of coal and agricultural byproduct (<i>I. gabonensis</i> seed shell) was found a viable alternative for removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
Expression of lactoferrin receptors is increased in the mesencephalon of patients with Parkinson disease. (1995)

The degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease is believed to be associated with oxidative stress. Since iron levels are increased in the substantia nigra of parkinsonian patients and this metal catalyzes the formation of free radicals, it may be involved in the mechanisms of nerve cell death. The cause of nigral iron increase is not understood. Iron acquisition by neurons may occur from iron-transferrin complexes with a direct interaction with specific membrane receptors, but recent results have shown a low density of transferrin receptors in the substantia nigra. To investigate whether neuronal death in Parkinson disease may be associated with changes in a pathway supplementary to that of transferrin, lactoferrin (lactotransferrin) receptor expression was studied in the mesencephalon. In this report we present evidence from immunohistochemical staining of postmortem human brain tissue that lactoferrin receptors are localized on neurons (perikarya, dendrites, axons), cerebral microvasculature, and, in some cases, glial cells. In parkinsonian patients, lactoferrin receptor immunoreactivity on neurons and microvessels was increased and more pronounced in those regions of the mesencephalon where the loss of dopaminergic neurons is severe. Moreover, in the substantia nigra, the intensity of immunoreactivity on neurons and microvessels was higher for patients with higher nigral dopaminergic loss. These data suggest that lactoferrin receptors on vulnerable neurons may increase intraneuronal iron levels and contribute to the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease.
Discovering functional dependencies for multidimensional design (2009)

Nowadays, it is widely accepted that the data warehouse design task should be largely automated. Furthermore, the data warehouse conceptual schema must be structured according to the multidimensional model and as a consequence, the most common way to automatically look for subjects and dimensions of analysis is by discovering functional dependencies (as dimensions functionally depend on the fact) over the data sources. Most advanced methods for automating the design of the data warehouse carry out this process from relational OLTP systems, assuming that a RDBMS is the most common kind of data source we may find, and taking as starting point a relational schema. In contrast, in our approach we propose to rely instead on a conceptual representation of the domain of interest formalized through a domain ontology expressed in the DL-Lite Description Logic. We propose an algorithm to discover functional dependencies from the domain ontology that exploits the inference capabilities of DL-Lite, thus fully taking into account the semantics of the domain. We also provide an evaluation of our approach in a real-world scenario.
The ‘Forgotten’ Bile Acid Sequestrants: Is Now a Good Time to Remember? (2007)

Over 30 years ago, bile acid sequestrants (BAS) were among the first drugs approved to lower cholesterol levels. For over 10 years, BAS have been known to reduce glucose levels. Most importantly, BAS have been shown in outcomes studies to reduce cardiovascular events. Because they are true nonsystemic agents, BAS are generally safe and not associated with serious systemic adverse experiences. Despite their proven atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) benefits, and irrespective of their favorable effects on major CHD risk factors (hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia), BAS are not among the more frequently used drug treatments for hypercholesterolemia, even in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent "high-profile" findings of investigational and approved lipid-altering and antidiabetes drug therapies illustrate that drug-induced improvements in lipid and glucose levels do not always reduce CHD risk. It may therefore be time to reconsider the clinical use of BAS. This review focuses on the recent lessons learned, and the potential mechanisms involved in efficacy and safety issues raised with torcetrapib and rosiglitazone with analogies related to the use of BAS therapy. Known and proposed mechanisms of how BAS may improve lipid and glucose levels are discussed, which are effects that may help explain how BAS reduce CHD risk. Improved tolerability of newer BAS (eg, colesevelam hydrochloride) and a "new" appreciation of the historic benefits of these "old" therapeutic agents may lead to an increased treatment role for these drugs, particularly in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Functional Analysis of a Human Homologue of the <i>Drosophila</i> Actin Binding Protein Anillin Suggests a Role in Cytokinesis (2000)

We have characterized a human homologue of anillin, a Drosophila actin binding protein. Like Drosophila anillin, the human protein localizes to the nucleus during interphase, the cortex following nuclear envelope breakdown, and the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Anillin also localizes to ectopic cleavage furrows generated between two spindles in fused PtK(1) cells. Microinjection of antianillin antibodies slows cleavage, leading to furrow regression and the generation of multinucleate cells. GFP fusions that contain the COOH-terminal 197 amino acids of anillin, which includes a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, form ectopic cortical foci during interphase. The septin Hcdc10 localizes to these ectopic foci, whereas myosin II and actin do not, suggesting that anillin interacts with the septins at the cortex. Robust cleavage furrow localization requires both this COOH-terminal domain and additional NH(2)-terminal sequences corresponding to an actin binding domain defined by in vitro cosedimentation assays. Endogenous anillin and Hcdc10 colocalize to punctate foci associated with actin cables throughout mitosis and the accumulation of both proteins at the cell equator requires filamentous actin. These results indicate that anillin is a conserved cleavage furrow component important for cytokinesis. Interactions with at least two other furrow proteins, actin and the septins, likely contribute to anillin function.
Characterization of T cell epitopes in αs1‐casein in cow's milk allergic, atopic and non‐atopic children (2006)

The immunodominant sequence in alphas1-casein is spanned by AA residues 133-156. Tolerance towards alphas1-casein in atopic children may be mediated by an overall induction of IL-10 and not by recognition of certain T cell epitopes. The identified T cell epitopes in children with cow's milk allergy may be useful targets in developing peptide immunotherapy.
Identifying subgroups of complex patients with cluster analysis. (2011)

Data mining procedures such as cluster analysis can be used to identify discrete groups of patients with specific combinations of comorbid conditions. These clusters suggest the need for a range of care management strategies. Although several of our clusters lend themselves to existing care and disease management protocols, care management for other subgroups is less well-defined. Cluster analysis methods can be leveraged to develop targeted care management interventions designed to improve health outcomes.
On-line Islanding Operation Based on CSP (2010)

In event of fault in distribution system with distributed generators, in order to enhance service reliability, the DGs should be used as main power source for blackout area. Deeply considering the characteristic in the service restoration process and the type of switches, the model based on CSP is proposed to solve the on-line islanding operation problem in the event of a blackout in a power distribution network with DGs. To enhance the searching speed, some calculating works which is not related to fault mode is finished off-line. In the process of searching for the best solution, backtracking algorithm is applied to solve the CSP. At last, the calculation example manifests the efficiency and quickness of algorithm.
Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus in the Chesapeake Bay (1996)

Vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal human pathogen capable of producing septicemia in susceptible persons. Disease is almost always associated with consumption of seafood, particularly raw oysters, or with exposure of wounds to seawater. An oligonucleotide DNA probe (V. vulnificus alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe [VVAP]), previously shown to be highly specific for V. vulnificus, was used to enumerate this species in environmental samples collected from the Chesapeake Bay between April 1991 and December 1992. Total aerobic, heterotrophic, culturable bacteria were enumerated by plate counts on nonselective medium. The number of V. vulnificus organisms was determined by colony lifts of spread plates for subsequent hybridization with VVAP. V. vulnificus was not detected in any samples collected during February and March (water temperature of < 8 degrees C) but was found in 80% of the water samples collected during May, July, September, and December (water temperature of > 8 degrees C), with concentrations ranging from 3.0 x 10(1) to 2.1 x 10(2)/ml (ca. 8% of the total culturable heterotrophic bacteria). In a multiple regression analysis, increased V. vulnificus concentrations were correlated with lower salinities and with isolation from samples collected closer to the bottom. Isolation from oysters was demonstrable when water temperatures were 7.6 degrees C, with concentrations ranging from 1.0 x 10(3) to 4.7 x 10(4)/g (ca. 12% of total culturable bacteria). In samples collected in May and July, V. vulnificus was identified in seven of seven plankton samples and four of nine sediment samples. Our data demonstrate that V. vulnificus is a widespread and important component of the bacterial population of the Chesapeake Bay, with counts that are comparable to those reported from the Gulf of Mexico.
Informal covariation assessment: Data-based versus theory-based judgments (1982)

The flow of social experience frequently challenges us to recognize empirical covariations. Sometimes, these covariations are merely another test of our powers of observation and are of no immediate practical concern to us. At other times – for example, when those covariations involve early symptoms of problems and later manifestations, or behavioral strategies employed and outcomes obtained, or relatively overt characteristics of people or situations and relatively covert ones – such detection abilities may help to determine our success in adapting to the demands of everyday social life. More generally, covariation detection will play a large role in our continuing struggle as "intuitive scientists" (see Nisbett & Ross, 1980; Ross, 1977, 1978) to evaluate and update the hypotheses we hold about ourselves, our peers, and our society. An obvious question therefore presents itself: How proficient are we, as laypeople, at assessing the empirical covariations presented by experiential evidence?
[Melanoplakia of the oral mucosa]. (1990)

27 cases of melanoplakia of the oral mucosa were studied by clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between melanoplakia and melanoma was discussed. The term of melanoplakia of the oral mucosa should be used only for lesions in which the clinical appearance is correlated with histological feature. Among the 27 cases 74.07% occurred on the lip, especially lower lip. The mean diameter of lesions was 0.69 cm. In general the lesion of lip is benign. But when the melanoplakia occurred on the palate and the gingiva with increasing of clear cells in epithelium and S-100 protein positive cells, and large number of melanophages in deep portion of the lamina propria, there is a risk of malignant transformation.
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN MACHINING USING FEM 75#2P A REVIEW (2012)

Residual stresses play an important role in the performance of machined components and structures, namely, in the following aspects fatigue life, corrosion resistance and part distortion. This article will give a brief review on residual stresses during machining of materials with special emphasis in stainless steel. The case study presented in the current work reported on residual stresses in machining of stainless steel AISI 316 using FEM analysis.
Modular verification of code with SAT (2006)

An approach is described for checking the methods of a class against a full specification. It shares with traditional model checking the idea of exhausting the entire space of executions within some finite bounds, and with traditional verification the idea of modular analysis, in which a method is analyzed, in isolation, for all possible calling contexts.The analysis involves an automatic two-phase reduction: first, to an intermediate form in relational logic (using a new encoding described here), and second, to a boolean formula (using existing techniques), which is then handed to an off the shelf SAT solver.A variety of implementations of the Java Collections Framework's List interface were checked against existing JML specifications. The analysis revealed bugs in the implementations, as well as errors in the specifications themselves.
SB-431542 and Gleevec inhibit transforming growth factor-beta-induced proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. (2003)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has growth-stimulating effects on mesenchymal cells and several tumor cell lines. The signaling pathway for this effect is, however, not well understood. We examined how TGF-beta stimulates proliferation of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Two distinct type I receptors for TGF-beta, ALK-1 and ALK-5, were expressed and functional in MG63 cells. Of these two receptors, ALK-5 appears to be responsible for the growth stimulation because expression of constitutively active ALK-5, but not ALK-1, stimulated proliferation of MG63 cells. SB-431542 (0.3 microM), a novel inhibitor of ALK4/5/7 kinase, suppressed TGF-beta-induced growth stimulation. DNA microarray analysis as well as quantitative real-time PCR analysis of RNAs from TGF-beta-treated cells demonstrated that several growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor AA, were induced in response to TGF-beta in MG63 cells. Gleevec (1 microM) as well as AG1296 (5 microM) inhibited TGF-beta-induced growth stimulation of MG63 cells, suggesting that platelet-derived growth factor AA was mainly responsible for the growth-stimulatory effect of TGF-beta. We also examined the mechanisms of perturbation of growth-suppressing signaling in MG63 cells. We found that expression of c-Myc, which is down-regulated by TGF-beta in many other cells, was up-regulated in MG63 cells, suggesting that up-regulation of c-Myc expression may be the mechanism canceling growth-suppressing signaling of TGF-beta in MG63 cells.
Abstract 16370: Hexokinase-Induced Residue Specific Phosphorylation of Cardiac Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (2011)

Introduction: The signaling pathways that protect the heart during ischemia-reperfusion injury ultimately converge onto the mitochondria. Yet, the mitochondrial targets have not been clearly establ...
Functional Verification Methodology Based on Formal Interface Specification and Transactor Generation (2006)

Transaction level models promise to be the basis of the verification environment for the whole design process. Realizing this promise requires connecting transaction level and RTL blocks through an object called a transactor, which translates back and forth between RTL signal-based communication, and transaction level function-call based communication. Each transactor is associated with a pair of interfaces, one at RTL and one at transaction level. Typically, however, a pair of interfaces is associated to more than one transactor, each assuming a different role in the verification process. In this paper we propose a methodology in which both the interfaces and their relation are captured by a single formal specification. By using the specification, we show how the code for all the transactors associated with a pair of interfaces can be automatically generated
Distributed vibration sensing based on forward transmission and coherent\n detection (2019)

A novel ultra-long distributed vibration sensing (DVS) system using forward\ntransmission and coherent detection is proposed and experimentally\ndemonstrated. In the proposed scheme, a pair of multi-span optical fibers are\ndeployed for sensing, and a loop-back configuration is used by connecting the\ntwo fibers at the far end. The homodyne coherent detection is used to retrieve\nthe phase and state-of-polarization (SOP) fluctuations caused by a vibration\nwhile the localization of the vibration is realized by tracking the phase\nchanges along the two fibers. The proposed scheme has the advantage of high\nsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ultra-long sensing range due to the nature of\nforward transmission and coherent detection. In addition, using forward rather\nthan backward scattering allows detection of high frequency vibration signal\nover a long sensing range. More than 50dB sensing SNR can be obtained after\nlong-haul transmission. Meanwhile, localization of 400 Hz, 1 kHz and 10 kHz\nvibrations has been experimentally demonstrated with a spatial resolution of\nless than 50 m over a total of 1008 km sensing fiber. The sensing length can be\nfurther extended to even trans-oceanic distances using more fiber spans and\nerbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), making it a promising candidate for\nproactive fault detection and localization in long-haul and ultra-long-haul\nfiber links.\n