gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue Selectivity and Calcium Dependence of Contractile Responses to Endothelin (1990)

The tissue selectivity and calcium dependence of endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide obtained from endothelial cells, were investigated in a number of rat and guinea pig tissues. Endothelin produced a significant dose-dependent contraction of rat tissues with the following rank order of efficacy: aorta greater than portal vein greater than trachea much greater than vas deferens = lung parenchyma much greater than bladder. In the rat atrium and ventricle, endothelin possessed positive inotropic effects at low doses and arrhythmogenic effects at high doses. Endothelin also produced a significant contraction of guinea pig lung parenchyma and induced relaxations of guinea pig taenia coli precontracted with potassium chloride. The aortic ring contractile response to endothelin was characterized by both rapid and slow phases of contraction. The rapid phase of contraction was abolished by removal of extracellular calcium or preincubation of tissues with the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine. Removal of the endothelium from aortic rings resulted in an increase of approximately 10-fold in the contractile potency of endothelin. In comparison, the potency of the dihydropyridine calcium channel activator, (-)-S-BAY K 8644, was increased approximately 15-fold by the same treatment. These findings suggest that endothelin, while displaying some selectivity as a vascular smooth muscle spasmogen, is a general smooth and cardiac muscle spasmogen which utilizes both intra- and extracellular sources of calcium to support its contractions.
Prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs with preserved and preservative free glaucoma medication (2002)

Symptoms and signs are less prevalent when PF drops are used. Moreover, most of the adverse reactions induced by P glaucoma medication are reversible after removing preservatives.
Highly acidic perhalogenated alcohols. A new synthesis of perfluoro-tert-butyl alcohol (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly acidic perhalogenated alcohols. A new synthesis of perfluoro-tert-butyl alcoholRobert Filler and Ralph M. SchureCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 4, 1217–1219Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01279a081https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01279a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views799Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural and Biochemical Properties of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 shares a fundamentally common structure with the members of the FGF family and has a unique sequence extension at the C-terminus. The molecular behavior of FGF23 as a systemic factor can be justified by the altered conformation of the beta-trefoil structure similar to that suspected in FGF19. On the other hand, the biological activity of FGF23 is quite distinct from those of other FGFs and requires the C-terminal unique extended structure. Two types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been developed to detect the intact mature form of FGF23 and its C-terminal portion. The former ELISA method enables the detection of rodent FGF23 and human FGF23. Studies on experimental animal models and laboratory examinations of physiologic and disordered conditions using these assays are contributing toward elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of FGF23.
Automated extraction of lung cancer lesions from multislice chest CT images by using three‐dimensional image processing (1994)

Abstract This paper discusses the test for the automatic extraction of lung cancer candidate areas from the high‐resolution continuous chest CT image taken with the slice interval of 1 mm, by a three‐dimensional image processing technique. The detection of local suspicious regions (SR) is considered. A procedure is developed which discriminates the lung area from other images (mostly vessels) based on the differences of three‐dimensional shapes. The actual procedure in the processing is composed largely of two steps: (1) segmentation of lung area; and (2) SR extraction. In this study, the processing is realized by a relatively simple procedure, combining such basic processes as thresholding, fusion of three‐dimensional figures (or three‐dimensional distance transformation) and the three‐dimensional skeletonization. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated using an actual case of lung cancer. The study is significant as the first test that demonstrated the usefulness of the three‐dimensional image processing, using the three‐dimensional CT image of a practically sufficient accuracy.
Study of Ar K-shell spectra from Z-pinch experiments on Yang Accelerator (2008)

Ar K-shell Spectra were measured using an elliptical crystal spectrometer in gas-puff Z-pinch experiments performed on Yang Accelerator (peak current 800 kA, rise time 90 ns). To estimate from the spectra the electron temperature of the plasma, a collisional-radiative (CR) model was developed. By comparing the line ratio of Lyα and Hea derived from the experimental results with those predicted by the model, time and space averaged electron temperature value was obtained.
The metal-nitride-oxide-silicon (MNOS) transistor—Characteristics and applications (1970)

Recent advances in silicon nitride deposition techniques have led to the emergence of the metal-nitride-oxide-silicon (MNOS) integrated circuit technology as an alternative and supplement to the existing MOS technology. Applications of MNOS field-effect transistors have been proposed for both logic circuits (as an alternative to MOS transistors) and nonvolatile memory arrays This paper reviews the characteristics and applications of MNOS transistors. It presents a unified approach to the characterization of both stable and variable turn-on voltage MNOS transistors. The analysis is based on an extensive investigation of charge transport and storage in MNOS structures. The different modes of transistor operation are described and analyzed in terms of the physical parameters of the two-layer dielectric structure. Understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying transistor operation is applied to the optimization of transistor structure and performance for different digital integrated circuit applications. The feasibility of these applications is demonstrated by fabrication of a nonvolatile semiconductor storage array and a nonvolatile flip-flop.
FROM MICE TO MEN: Insights into the Insulin Resistance Syndromes (2005)

The insulin resistance syndrome refers to a constellation of findings, including glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, that promote the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other disorders. Defining the pathophysiological links between insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and its sequelae is critical to understanding and treating these disorders. Over the past decade, two approaches have provided important insights into how changes in insulin signaling produce the spectrum of phenotypes associated with insulin resistance. First, studies using tissue-specific knockouts or tissue-specific reconstitution of the insulin receptor in vivo in mice have enabled us to deconstruct the insulin resistance syndromes by dissecting the contributions of different tissues to the insulin-resistant state. Second, in vivo and in vitro studies of the complex network of insulin signaling have provided insight into how insulin resistance can develop in some pathways whereas insulin sensitivity is maintained in others. These data, taken together, give us a framework for understanding the relationship between insulin resistance and the insulin resistance syndromes.
Isolation and partial characterization of a specific alpha-fetoprotein receptor on human monocytes. (1992)

Since a large body of data has suggested a significant role for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the regulation of the immune response at a number of levels, we examined the possibility of a specific receptor for AFP on the immune recognition cell, the monocyte/macrophage. Microscopic autoradiography exhibited an obvious binding of AFP almost exclusively on human peripheral monocytes but not on lymphocytes. In a human monocyte cell line (U937) Scatchard plot analysis indicated the presence of two distinct AFP-specific binding sites with a Kd of 5 x 10(-11) M, 49 binding sites per cell, and 2.5 x 10(-7) M, 7,800 binding sites per cell. 125I-ASD-AFP, AFP-radiolabeled bifunctional photoactivatable thio-cleavable cross-linker, was used to isolate the AFP binding protein from U937 cells. After ultraviolet photoactivation, 125I-sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azido-salicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate was covalently linked to the putative receptor. Autoradiography of SDS gradient PAGE under reducing conditions showed a major radiolabeled band at between 62 and 65 kD. To confirm the specificity of the finding, recombination of AFP with the isolated receptor was examined in artificially reconstituted membrane vesicles, which also resulted in a single band at approximately 62-65 kD by SDS-PAGE autoradiography. From the data above, we concluded that human monocytes possess a specific AFP binding protein on the membrane, a putative receptor, which may be involved with the physiological regulation of the immune response.
Low power test data compression based on LFSR reseeding (2004)

Many test data compression schemes are based on LFSR reseeding. A drawback of these schemes is that the unspecified bits are filled with random values resulting in a large number of transitions during scan-in thereby causing high power dissipation. This paper presents a new encoding scheme that can be used in conjunction with any LFSR reseeding scheme to significantly reduce test power and even further reduce test storage. The proposed encoding scheme acts as a second stage of compression after LFSR reseeding. It accomplishes two goals. First, it reduces the number of transitions in the scan chains (by filling the unspecified bits in a different manner), and second, it reduces the number of specified bits that need to be generated via LFSR reseeding. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces test power and in most cases provides greater test data compression than LFSR reseeding alone.
중국 성인여성용 유방유형 및 특성에 관한 연구(제 II보) - 상해지역 20대 전반 여성을 중심으로 - (2010)

This study is done in Shanghai area by sample survey of female college students in their lower 20s. Through direct contact survey, this study collected and analyzed information on figure to understand feature of breasts and measurements of body to provide base information to improve product of brassiere for adult female in China. Data was analyzed by using SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and SAS 9.0. 1. From a result of factor analysis on 40 items of measures to derive the components of the shape of the breast, 6 factors were derived such as the factors to show the obesity of the bust, to show the ratio of the upper and lower area of the lower bust, droop and volume, to show the internal shape and broadness of the bust, to show the location and vertical size of the bust, to show the protrusion of the bust and the eternal shape of the bust. 2. From a result of classification on the shape of the breast of the Chinese women in their early 20s, 4 types were selected. Type 1 is the protrusion type that a woman has a broad drooped breast due to the development in the upper and lower parts of the chest as well as the highest height, a high degree of obesity in the bust part, big volume and much protrusion. Type 2 is the hemisphere type that the degree of obesity in the breast is second to Type 1 and a breast is located at a region higher than Type 1 as the degree of obesity in the breast is secondly highest, the lower part of the bust is bigger than the Type 1 and the degree of being broad and drooped is second to Type 1. Type 3 is the cone type with a breast of being drooped and broad a little bit and a certain degree of a volume. Type 4 is the flat type with the smallest value in the item that shows the obesity of the bust area and with the smallest value in the Rohrer index to have the small and slender body type for the bust area, which is somewhat flat due to a low slope at the internal side of the bust.
Properties of PET Fibres with High Modulus and Low Shrinkage (HMLS). Part II: Treated-cord Properties (1992)

The properties of cords made from fibers with superior modulus/shrinkage characteristics have been studied, and the implications of these properties on tire performance have been addressed. The cord-modulus, dimensional-stability, stress-amplification, and retractive-force trends are comparable to those of the precursor yarns, indicating that the yarn morphology yielding these properties is maintained in tire-cord form. One would expect that these cords could be used to make tires with improved uniformity, bruise-resistance, and handling, and reduced sidewall indentations.
Interplay of Nuclear Factor-κB and B-myb in the Negative Regulation of Androgen Receptor Expression by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (2007)

Abstract Increased androgen receptor (AR) levels are associated with prostate cancer progression to androgen independence and therapy resistance. Evidence has suggested that chronic inflammation is closely linked to various cancers including prostate cancer. Herein we show that the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα negatively regulates AR mRNA and protein expression and reduces androgen sensitivity in androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Decreased AR expression results from transcription repression involving essential in cis interaction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with the B-myb transcription factor at a composite genomic element in the 5′-untranslated region of AR. The negative regulation was abrogated when NF-κB activity was inhibited by a superrepressor of the inhibitory κB protein. In contrast, androgen-independent C4-2 (LNCaP-derived) cells fail to show AR down-regulation by TNFα, despite expression of B-myb and TNFα-induced NF-κB activity similar to that in LNCaP cells. The negatively regulated AR gene chromatin region showed TNFα-dependent enrichment of B-myb and the NF-κB proteins p65 and p50. In parallel, the histone deacetylase 1, corepressor silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and the corepressor-associated scaffold protein mSin3A were recruited to the inhibitory site. In C4-2 cells, neither NF-κB and B-myb, nor any of the corepressor components, were detected at the negative site in response to TNFα. Apoptosis was induced in TNFα-treated LNCaP cells, likely in part due to the down-regulation of AR. The androgen-independent, AR-expressing C4-2 and C4-2B (derived from C4-2) cells were resistant to TNFα-induced apoptosis. The results linking androgen dependence to the NF-κB and AR pathways may be insightful in identifying novel treatment targets for prostate cancer.
Thermal Quadrupoles: Solving the Heat Equation through Integral Transforms (2000)

Interest in the Quadrupole Approach. Linear Conduction and Simple Geometries. One--Dimensional Quadrupoles. Multidimensional Transfers. Time--Dependent Periodic Regimes. Advanced Quadrupoles. Mass Transfer in a Porous Medium. The Quadrupole Approach Applied to Heat Transfer in Semi--Transparent Materials. Inverse Laplace Transform. Appendices. Index.
Emerging pharmacological therapies for erectile dysfunction (1999)

There are new and novel therapies emerging in the field of erectile dysfunction, both centrally acting and peripherally acting agents delivered orally, intracavernosally or topically. Pharmacological targets include the enzyme phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5), adrenergic receptors, prostaglandin receptors and guanyl cyclase.
Proceedings of the 6th Global Conference on Artificial Intelligence (GCAI 2020) (2020)

peer reviewed
Statisches Verhalten (Kennliniendarstellungen) (1965)

Hängt eine Kennlinie als graphische Darstellung eines Funktionszusammenhangs Ursache (U) (Strom, Spannung) ↔ Wirkung (W) (Strom, Spannung) von weiteren (frei wählbaren) Parametern ab, so erhält man eine Kennlinienschar. Fallen Ursache und Wirkung zeitlich stets zusammen, wirken also im Transistor keine Trägheiten elektrischer oder thermischer Natur, so ist die bei periodischer Ursachenänderung je Periode umfahrene Kennlinienfläche Null: statische Kennlinie. Im anderen Fall entartet sie zu einer in sich geschlossenen Kurve bestimmten Flächeninhalts: dynamische Kennlinie.
ALERT: An Anonymous Location-Based Efficient Routing Protocol in MANETs (2012)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) use anonymous routing protocols that hide node identities and/or routes from outside observers in order to provide anonymity protection. However, existing anonymous routing protocols relying on either hop-by-hop encryption or redundant traffic, either generate high cost or cannot provide full anonymity protection to data sources, destinations, and routes. The high cost exacerbates the inherent resource constraint problem in MANETs especially in multimedia wireless applications. To offer high anonymity protection at a low cost, we propose an Anonymous Location-based Efficient Routing proTocol (ALERT). ALERT dynamically partitions the network field into zones and randomly chooses nodes in zones as intermediate relay nodes, which form a nontraceable anonymous route. In addition, it hides the data initiator/receiver among many initiators/receivers to strengthen source and destination anonymity protection. Thus, ALERT offers anonymity protection to sources, destinations, and routes. It also has strategies to effectively counter intersection and timing attacks. We theoretically analyze ALERT in terms of anonymity and efficiency. Experimental results exhibit consistency with the theoretical analysis, and show that ALERT achieves better route anonymity protection and lower cost compared to other anonymous routing protocols. Also, ALERT achieves comparable routing efficiency to the GPSR geographical routing protocol.
Preform shape and operating condition optimization for the stretch blow molding process (2007)

Abstract In this work, a new design approach was developed to automatically and consecutively predict optimal preform geometry and optimal operating conditions for the stretch blow molding process. The numerical approach combines a constrained gradient‐based optimization algorithm that iterates automatically over predictive finite element software. The strategy allows for targeting a specified container thickness distribution by manipulating consecutively the preform geometry (thickness and shape) and the operating parameters subject to process and design constraints. For the preform shape optimization, the preform geometry is mathematically parameterized for simplified treatment and the corresponding sensitivities are evaluated using a finite difference technique. A finite difference technique is also employed for the operating condition optimization. The constrained optimization algorithms are solved via the use of the sequential quadratic programming method that updates the design variables accordingly. Predicted optimization results obtained on an industrial case are presented and discussed to assess the validity when compared to experimental results and the robustness of the proposed approach. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:289–301, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Wine and geology—The terroir of Washington State (2003)

Washington State is second only to California in terms of wine produced in the United States, and some of its vineyards and wines are among the world's best. Most Washington vineyards are situated east of the Cascades on soils formed from Quaternary sediments that overlie Miocene basaltic rocks of the Columbia River Flood Basalt Province. Pleistocene fluvial sediments were deposited during cataclysmic glacial outburst floods that formed the spectacular Channeled Scabland. Late Pleistocene and Holocene sand sheets and loess form a variable mantle over outburst sediments. Rainfall for wine grape production ranges from ~6-18 in (150-450 mm) annually with...
Modification of Enzyme Activity in Reversed Micelles through Clathrate Hydrate Formation (1990)

The physical phenomenon of clathrate hydrate formation in protein-containing reversed micelles is described. Hydrate formation in reversed micelles is a method of adjusting the water to surfactant molar ratio, wo, which influences micellar size. Lipase and alpha-chymotrypsin encapsulated in large reversed micelles of high wo show significant enhancements in activity when the micelle size is reduced through hydrate formation. Alternate methods of micelle size adjustments also show enhancements in activity. The implications for improving the activity of such encapsulated enzymes recovered from fermentation media through phase transfer into reversed micelles are discussed.
An efficient VLSI architecture for HMM-based speech recognition (2002)

A high speed and area-efficient VLSI architecture for HMM-based speech recognition is presented in this paper. It is designed by optimally applying the special property in speech recognition known as the left to right state transition model (LRM) and utilizing look-ahead pipelining techniques to break the recurrence of the speech recognition operations. In order to verify the proposed architecture, we have also designed and implemented it in a hardware prototype with Xilinx FPGAs. The simulation and emulation results show the recognition speed can achieve 25,000 words per second under 92% recognition rate with 500 references and 10,000 test patterns by 10 speakers.
Repression of stress-responsive genes by FIERY2, a novel transcriptional regulator in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Low temperature, drought, and high salinity induce the expression of many plant genes. To understand the mechanisms for the transcriptional activation of these genes, we conducted a reporter gene-aided genetic screen in Arabidopsis. Seven allelic mutations in the FIERY2 (FRY2) locus result in significant increases in the expression of stress-responsive genes with the DRE/CRT (drought-responsive/C-repeat) cis element but non-DRE/CRT type stress-responsive genes were less affected. The specific regulation of DRE/CRT class of genes by FRY2 appears to be caused by repression of stress induction of the upstream CBF/DREB transcription factor genes. fry2 mutants show increased tolerance to salt stress and to abscisic acid during seed germination but are more sensitive to freezing damage at the seedling stage. FRY2/CPL1 encodes a novel transcriptional repressor harboring two double-stranded RNA-binding domains and a region homologous to the catalytic domain of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatases found in yeast and in animals that regulate gene transcription. These data indicate that FRY2 is an important negative regulator of stress gene transcription and suggest that structured RNA may regulate hormone and stress responses in plants as it does in animals.