gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF fiber-optic link performance (2001)

Applications that involve point-to-point routing of analog signals have benefited from the excellent propagation characteristics of optical fiber. Fiber-optic links that remote RF signals to and from phased-array radar antennas must meet especially stringent performance requirements. The past decade has seen significant progress in the performance of the fiber-optic links that distribute RF signals in antenna-remoting applications, as well as in cellular communications and cable television signal distribution networks. This article reviews the present state of the art in RF fiber-optic links.
A fast multi-scale method for drawing large graphs (2000)

We present a multi-scale layout algorithm for the aesthetic drawing of undirected graphs with straight-line edges. The algorithm is extremely fast, and is capable of drawing graphs of substantially larger size than any other algorithm we are awars of. For example, the algorithm achieves optimal drawings of 1000 vertex graphs in less than 3 seconds. The paper contains graphs with over 6000 nodes. The proposed algorithm embodies a new multi-scale scheme for drawing graphs, which can significantly improve the speed of essentially any force-directed method.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into the Adaptive Response of Skeletonema costatum to Changing Ambient Phosphorus (2016)

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting macronutrient for diatom growth and productivity in the ocean. Much effort has been devoted to the physiological response of marine diatoms to ambient P change, however, the whole-genome molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we utilized RNA-Seq to compare the global gene expression patterns of a marine diatom <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> grown in inorganic P-replete, P-deficient, and inorganic- and organic-P resupplied conditions. In total 34,942 unique genes were assembled and 20.8% of them altered significantly in abundance under different P conditions. Genes encoding key enzymes/proteins involved in P utilization, nucleotide metabolism, photosynthesis, glycolysis, and cell cycle regulation were significantly up-regulated in P-deficient cells. Genes participating in circadian rhythm regulation, such as circadian clock associated 1, were also up-regulated in P-deficient cells. The response of <i>S. costatum</i> to ambient P deficiency shows several similarities to the well-described responses of other marine diatom species, but also has its unique features. <i>S. costatum</i> has evolved the ability to re-program its circadian clock and intracellular biological processes in response to ambient P deficiency. This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanisms to ambient P deficiency in marine diatoms.
An adaptive peer-to-peer network for distributed caching of OLAP results (2002)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are becoming increasingly popular as they enable users to exchange digital information by participating in complex networks. Such systems are inexpensive, easy to use, highly scalable and do not require central administration. Despite their advantages, however, limited work has been done on employing database systems on top of P2P networks.Here we propose the PeerOLAP architecture for supporting On-Line Analytical Processing queries. A large number low-end clients, each containing a cache with the most useful results, are connected through an arbitrary P2P network. If a query cannot be answered locally (i.e. by using the cache contents of the computer where it is issued), it is propagated through the network until a peer that has cached the answer is found. An answer may also be constructed by partial results from many peers. Thus PeerOLAP acts as a large distributed cache, which amplifies the benefits of traditional client-side caching. The system is fully distributed and can reconfigure itself on-the-fly in order to decrease the query cost for the observed workload. This paper describes the core components of PeerOLAP and presents our results both from simulation and a prototype installation running on geographically remote peers.
The transport of lysosomal enzymes (1977)

Abstract This paper reviews the experimental evidence for the proposal that hydrolytic enzymes are introduced into lysosomes of cultured fibroblasts only after secretion and receptormediated recapture.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carbocyclic Oxetanocin A (COA-Cl) Derivatives as Potential Tube Formation Agents (2015)

Six novel carbocyclic oxetanocin A analogs (2-chloro-C.OXT-A; COA-Cl) with various hydroxymethylated or spiro-conjugated cyclobutane rings at the N(9)-position of the 2-chloropurine moiety were synthesized and evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. All prepared compounds (2a-f) showed good to moderate activity with angiogenic potency. Among these compounds, 100 µM cis-trans-2',3'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl derivative (2b), trans-3'-hydroxymethylcyclobutyl analog (2d), and 3',3'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl derivative (2e) had greater angiogenic activity, with relative tube areas of 3.43±0.44, 3.32±0.53, and 3.59±0.83 (mean±standard deviation (S.D.)), respectively, which was comparable to COA-Cl (3.91±0.78). These data may be important for further development of this class of compounds as potential tube formation agents.
Structural Distortion of Dendrimers on Gold Surfaces:  A Tapping-Mode AFM Investigation (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStructural Distortion of Dendrimers on Gold Surfaces: A Tapping-Mode AFM InvestigationAndreas Hierlemann, Joseph K. Campbell, Lane A. Baker, Richard M. Crooks, and Antonio J. RiccoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University P.O. Box 300012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1425 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 21, 5323–5324Publication Date (Web):May 13, 1998Publication History Received18 December 1997Published online13 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974283fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974283frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dendrons,Gold,Molecular interactions,Monolayers,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Update: Ebola virus disease epidemic--West Africa, November 2014. (2014)

CDC is assisting ministries of health and working with other organizations to end the ongoing epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in West Africa. The updated data in this report were compiled from situation reports from the Guinea Interministerial Committee for Response Against the Ebola Virus, the World Health Organization, the Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation. Total case counts include all suspected, probable, and confirmed cases, which are defined similarly by each country. These data reflect reported cases, which make up an unknown proportion of all cases, and reporting delays that vary from country to country.
Modeling Wettability Alteration in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2006)

Abstract Laboratory surfactant and hot water floods have shown a great potential in increasing oil recovery for reservoirs that are naturally fractured and have low permeability mixed-wet matrix rocks. Fractured, mixed-wet formations usually have poor waterflood performance because the injected water tends to flow in the fractures and spontaneous imbibition into the matrix is not very significant. Surfactants have been used to change the wettability for increasing the oil recovery by increased imbibition of the water into the matrix rock. The mechanisms for oil recovery are combined effects of reduced interfacial tension, reduced mobility ratio, and wettability alteration. The goal of this research is to adapt an existing numerical reservoir simulator to model chemical processes that lead to wettability alteration in naturally fractured reservoirs. Surfactants have been used to change the wettability with the goal of increasing the oil recovery by increased imbibition of the water into the matrix rocks. Reservoir simulation is required to scale up the process from laboratory to field conditions and to understand and interpret reservoir data. We have adapted the chemical flooding simulator, UTCHEM, to model improved oil recovery processes that involve wettability alteration using surfactants. Multiple relative permeability and capillary pressure curves corresponding to different wetting states are used to model the wettability alteration. Simulations were performed to better understand and predict enhanced oil recovery as a function of wettability alteration and to investigate the impact of uncertainties in the fracture and matrix properties, reservoir heterogeneity, matrix diffusion, buoyancy driven flow, initial water saturation, and formation wettability.
The Effect of Evening Bright Light in Delaying the Circadian Rhythms and Lengthening the Sleep of Early Morning Awakening Insomniacs (1993)

Past studies have predicted that early morning awakening insomnia is associated with advanced or early circadian rhythms. Because bright light stimulation in the evening can delay the phase of circadian rhythms, we tested its effects on nine (4 females, 5 males) early morning awakening insomniacs. Their sleep was evaluated with wrist actigraphy and their temperature and melatonin circadian rhythms were measured in constant routine procedures. In the initial evaluation, the temperature rhythm phase positions of these insomniacs did appear to be earlier than normal. The subjects were then exposed to bright light stimulation (2,500 lux) from 2000 to 2400 hours on two consecutive evenings. Following the evening bright light treatment, temperature rhythm phase markers were delayed 2-4 hours and melatonin phase markers were delayed 1-2 hours. Sleep onset times were not changed but the mean final wake-up time was delayed from 0459 hours to 0611 hours, resulting in a mean increase of total sleep time of > 1 hour. This pilot study suggests that evening bright light stimulation may be an effective nondrug treatment for early morning awakening insomnia.
Biomimetic Bilayered Gelatin‐Chondroitin 6 Sulfate‐Hyaluronic Acid Biopolymer as a Scaffold for Skin Equivalent Tissue Engineering (2006)

In order to develop an adequate scaffold for skin tissue engineering, a bilayered gelatin-chondroitin 6 sulfate-hyaluronic acid membrane with a different pore size on either side was prepared. A rete ridges-like topographic microporous structure, which provided the paracrine crosstalk in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, was formed. Chondroitin-6-sulfate and hyaluronic acid were incorporated within the gelatin membrane to mimic skin composition and create an appropriate microenvironment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the study, the lower layer of the membrane (pore size: 150 microm) was seeded with dermal fibroblasts and acted as the feeder layer for keratinocyte inoculation. Meanwhile, the upper layer (pore size: 20-50 microm) was seeded with keratinocytes for epidermalization. The dermal fibroblasts were dynamically seeded in a self-designed spinner flask for more even cell distribution. The keratinocytes were cultured in submerged conditions for 5 days and then in an air-liquid interface condition for further differentiation. After being cultured for 21 days, the upper layer, seeded with keratinocytes, developed into an epidermis-like structure while the lower part, which was seeded with dermal fibroblasts developed into a dermis-like structure. A histological examination and immunostain were used to prove that keratinocytes maintain their phenotype and stratified epidermis layers were formed within 21 days. In brief, the bilayered skin substitute with biological dermal analog and epidermal structure was successfully fabricated. From this study, we can suggest that the culture model is suitable for autologous skin equivalent preparation.
Dual-space linear discriminant analysis for face recognition (2004)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a popular feature extraction technique for face recognition. However, it often suffers from the small sample size problem when dealing with the high dimensional face data. Some approaches have been proposed to overcome this problem, but they are often unstable and have to discard some discriminative information. In this paper, a dual-space LDA approach for face recognition is proposed to take full advantage of the discriminative information in the face space. Based on a probabilistic visual model, the eigenvalue spectrum in the null space of within-class scatter matrix is estimated, and discriminant analysis is simultaneously applied in the principal and null subspaces of the within-class scatter matrix. The two sets of discriminative features are then combined for recognition. It outperforms existing LDA approaches.
Theory of the Dirac half metal and quantum anomalous Hall effect in Mn-intercalated epitaxial graphene (2015)

The prospect of a Dirac half metal, a material which is characterized by a band structure with a gap in one spin channel but a Dirac cone in the other, is of both fundamental interest and a natural candidate for use in spin-polarized current applications. However, while the possibility of such a material has been reported based on model calculations [H. Ishizuka and Y. Motome, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 237207 (2012)], it remains unclear what material system might realize such an exotic state. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the experimentally accessible Mn-intercalated epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) transits to a Dirac half metal when the coverage is $>1/3$ monolayer. This transition results from an orbital-selective breaking of quasi-two-dimensional inversion symmetry, leading to symmetry breaking in a single spin channel which is robust against randomness in the distribution of Mn intercalates. Furthermore, the inclusion of spin-orbit interaction naturally drives the system into the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state. Our results thus not only demonstrate the practicality of realizing the Dirac half metal beyond a toy model, but also open up an avenue to the realization of the QAH effect.
The Operational Characteristics of a cw Nd:CaWO Laser in the Range of Dry Ice to Room Temperature (1965)

Experiments with continuous operation of Nd:CaWO4 lasers at liquid nitrogen and room temperature were reported previously [ L. F. Johnson G. D. Boyd K. Nassau R. R. Soden , Phys. Rev.126, 1406 ( 1962)]. This paper presents the operational characteristics of a continuous-wave Nd :CawO4 laser in the range of dry ice to room temperature. The experimental results are compared with the predicted equations for power output and threshold power. We have found that output power is a linear function of absorbed pump power as predicted from the rate equations for a four-level laser medium. The threshold equation agrees qualitatively with the experimental results in that it decreases with decreasing temperature due to the consequent narrowing of the fluorescent line-width. We have used the threshold condition to indicate the quantities that must be monitored to optimize the crystal preparation and growth conditions. Continuous-wave operation has been obtained with an ac and dc pump lamp.
Pyridine derivatives as potent inducers of erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cells (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridine derivatives as potent inducers of erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cellsChau-Der Li, Lana S. Rittmann, Asterios S. Tsiftsoglou, Kuldeep K. Bhargava, and Alan C. SartorelliCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1978, 21, 9, 874–877Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00207a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00207a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LegoOS: a disseminated, distributed OS for hardware resource disaggregation (2018)

The monolithic server model where a server is the unit of deployment, operation, and failure is meeting its limits in the face of several recent hardware and application trends. To improve resource utilization, elasticity, heterogeneity, and failure handling in datacenters, we believe that datacenters should break monolithic servers into disaggregated, network-attached hardware components. Despite the promising benefits of hardware resource disaggregation, no existing OSes or software systems can properly manage it.We propose a new OS model called the splitkernel to manage disaggregated systems. Splitkernel disseminates traditional OS functionalities into loosely-coupled monitors, each of which runs on and manages a hardware component. A splitkernel also performs resource allocation and failure handling of a distributed set of hardware components. Using the splitkernel model, we built LegoOS, a new OS designed for hardware resource disaggregation. LegoOS appears to users as a set of distributed servers. Internally, a user application can span multiple processor, memory, and storage hardware components. We implemented LegoOS on x86-64 and evaluated it by emulating hardware components using commodity servers. Our evaluation results show that LegoOS' performance is comparable to monolithic Linux servers, while largely improving resource packing and reducing failure rate over monolithic clusters.
Homogeneous Copolymers of Ethylene with α‐olefins Synthesized with Metallocene Catalysts and Their Use as Standards for <scp>TREF</scp> Calibration (2013)

Summary A range of crystalline copolymers of ethylene with α‐olefins (propene, hexene, octene and octadecene) were prepared using the complexes Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 and (nBuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 activated with MAO. The average composition of the copolymers was measured using 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR. Then the samples were characterized by High Temperature SEC and DSC. These investigations showed that polymers are homogeneous in composition and consequently were suitable to be used as standards for TREF. This work provided calibrations curves for TREF that can be used on a wide range of α‐olefin contents. Finally, these calibrations curves were used to characterize heterogeneous copolymers of ethylene/hexene synthesized using a conventional Ziegler‐Natta catalyst.
Plasmenylethanolamine Facilitates Rapid Membrane Fusion: A Stopped-Flow Kinetic Investigation Correlating the Propensity of a Major Plasma Membrane Constituent to Adopt an HII Phase with Its Ability to Promote Membrane Fusion (1994)

A critical step in membrane fusion involves the formation of a lipid intermediate which shares a conformational similarity with an inverted hexagonal phase (HII). Since plasmenylethanolamines possess a marked propensity for hexagonal phase formation and represent a major lipid constituent of several membrane systems which undergo rapid membrane fusion (e.g., plasma membranes and synaptic vesicle membranes), we compared the relative fusogenicity of lipid vesicles containing plasmenylethanolamine to that of vesicles containing their diacyl phospholipid counterpart (i.e., phosphatidylethanolamine). Vesicles comprised of equimolar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fused slowly with phosphatidylserine vesicles in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2, as assessed either by lipid mixing (dequenching of octadecyl rhodamine fluorescence, 7.4 Fmax% s-1) or internal contents mixing (fluorescence enhancement from the resultant Tb/dipicolinic acid charge transfer complex, 8.7Fmax% s-1). In stark contrast, vesicles comprised of equimolar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine fused three times more rapidly, as assessed by both lipid mixing (22.1 Fmax% s-1) and internal contents mixing (21.4Fmax% s-1) assays. The importance of an HII-like intermediate in membrane fusion was further substantiated by demonstration that plasmenylethanolamines containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position (which demonstrate a greater propensity for HII phase formation) exhibited the most rapid rate of membrane fusion (five times greater than phosphatidylethanolamine containing oleic acid at the sn-2 position). Furthermore, vesicles containing plasmenylethanolamines in physiologic ratios with other phospholipids (i.e., PC/PE/PS, 45:45:10, mol/mol) underwent fusion six times more rapidly (4.4Fmax% min-1) than corresponding vesicles in which plasmenylethanolamine was replaced with phosphatidylethanolamine (0.7Fmax% min-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of β-Hematin (the Heme Coordination Polymer in Malaria Pigment) (1994)

β-Hematin, the crystalline heme coordination polymer present in malaria pigment, is readily prepared by abstracting HCl from hemin with non-coordinating bases. Spectroscopic results(IR, Raman, and UV-Vis) suggest that polymerization occurs via Fe-O inter-heme linkage of the iron-propionate moieties. X-ray powder diffraction results indicate that β-hematin crystallizes in a triclinic unit cell with two heme groups per cell in the space group Pī.
Performance of B/sup +/-trees with partial expansions (1989)

The authors mathematically analyze the behavior of B/sup +/-trees with partial expansions file structure under random insertions, focusing on the expected storage utilization and the expected cost of insertions. The model can be used for studying both the asymptotic and dynamic behavior. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by simulation. Disk space management is found to be more difficult than for standard B/sup +/-trees. Two simple space-management schemes specifically designed for handling buckets of two different sizes are investigated. It is found that an overall storage utilization of 81% can be achieved in practice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>