gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble immunological parameters and early prognosis of renal cell cancer patients. (2001)

In local or metastatic cancer, a prognostic tumour marker could be a valuable tool in the selection of different treatments. In renal cell cancer (RCC) no such markers have been available. We therefore evaluated the association between several pretreatment serum markers, tumour classification and short term survival in RCC patients. Serum samples were collected before surgery and three months thereafter from 24 RCC patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL- 12, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were measured in serum samples using specific commercial enzyme immunoassay kits. Serum IL-6, sIL-2R and sICAM-1 levels before nephrectomy were significantly higher in non-local tumours than in local ones (mean IL-6 53 pg/ml versus 6.3 pg/ml, and sICAM-1 443 ng/ml versus 290 ng/ml, sIL-2R 3779 pg/ml versus 1796 pg/ml). In contrast, IL-12 levels were higher in local tumours (148 versus 102 pg/ml) and the levels increased significantly (P < 0.005) after removal of the primary tumour in patients with local disease. All patients with local tumours had normal IL-6 values, while only one with a non-local tumour had IL-6 levels below 10 pg/ml. In addition, IL-6 and sICAM-1 levels before operation were significantly higher in patients with short (less than one year) survival (p=0.007 to IL-6 and p=0.006 to sICAM-1). In contrast, patients with shorter survival had significantly lower IL-12 (p=0.03) levels. Our findings suggest that RCC induces changes in several immunological parameters. These soluble immunological factors, IL-6, IL-12, sIL-2R and sICAM-1, might have a role as prognostic factors in RCC.
Simulation-based sequential equivalence checking of RTL VHDL (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach to equivalence verification of RT-level descriptions. The proposed approach sacrifices exactness in favor of applicability: it is not always able to produce an answer, but it is able to check sequential equivalence of large systems. Furthermore, being based on commercial VHDL tools, it does not have arbitrary limitations in the syntax of the descriptions.
Gold−Titania Core−Shell Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte Complexation with a Titania Precursor (2001)

Core−shell colloids comprising gold nanoparticles and a uniform titania coating were prepared by the complexation of polyelectrolyte preassembled on the core particles with titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TALH) in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis of TALH.
Point defects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi></mml:math>studied by electrical conductivity, optical absorption, and ESR (1983)

Total and partial ionic and electronic $c$-axis dc conductivities were measured for single-crystal ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$:8 ppm Mg as a function of oxygen pressure and temperature. The sample is unsaturated at $T>1360$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C but is saturated in equilibrium with a spinel precipitate phase at lower temperatures. The results are analyzed to give ionic mobility, thermodynamic parameters of oxidation reduction of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and the solubility of MgO as a function of temperature. Oxidized samples are grayish purple due to the presence of a broad absorption band with maximum at 480 nm. Discoloration can occur by reduction (at high temperature) or by precipitation (at $T<1000$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C); both proceed from the surface, involving migration of oxygen out of or of Al into the crystal. An explanation for the rapid diffusion regulating precipitation below 1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is proposed. Recoloration at low temperature proceeds without a front and possibly involves oxygen diffusing into the sample along dislocations or subgrain boundaries. Hole-release studies at low temperature indicate that the hole binding energy in the defect ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{\mathrm{Al}}^{x}$, ${E}_{a}\ensuremath{\le}0.68$ eV. The combined results of the present work suggest that free holes move as large, rather than small, polarons and that ${E}_{a}=0.68$ eV.
Document Layout Analysis (2019)

Document layout analysis (DLA) is a preprocessing step of document understanding systems. It is responsible for detecting and annotating the physical structure of documents. DLA has several important applications such as document retrieval, content categorization, text recognition, and the like. The objective of DLA is to ease the subsequent analysis/recognition phases by identifying the document-homogeneous blocks and by determining their relationships. The DLA pipeline consists of several phases that could vary among DLA methods, depending on the documents’ layouts and final analysis objectives. In this regard, a universal DLA algorithm that fits all types of document-layouts or that satisfies all analysis objectives has not been developed, yet. In this survey paper, we present a critical study of different document layout analysis techniques. The study highlights the motivational reasons for pursuing DLA and discusses comprehensively the different phases of the DLA algorithms based on a general framework that is formed as an outcome of reviewing the research in the field. The DLA framework consists of preprocessing, layout analysis strategies, post-processing, and performance evaluation phases. Overall, the article delivers an essential baseline for pursuing further research in document layout analysis.
Optimum Shadow-Casting Illumination for Endoscopic Task Performance (2004)

Optimum endoscopic task performance is obtained with overhead shadow-casting illumination and a balanced degree of illumination and shadow contrast.
Antiischemic Effects of CP-060S, an Inhibitor of Pathologically Modified Sodium Channels, Assessed in the Canine Experimental Model of Angina Pectoris (1999)

CP-060S is a novel compound that can inhibit the slow inward calcium current as well as the veratridine-induced, noninactivating sodium current. Antiischemic and cardiovascular effects of CP-060S were assessed by using halothane-anesthetized beagle dogs and compared with the effects of semotiadil, a benzothiazine calcium antagonist. The first or second diagonal branch was narrowed. ECG, unipolar electrograms from both ischemic and nonischemic regions, and systemic and left ventricular pressure were monitored. The left ventricle was electrically driven at 190-240 beats/min for 3 min to induce reversible myocardial ischemia. The severity of ischemia was judged by the magnitude of ST-segment depression. CP-060S (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated the pacing-induced ST-segment depression in the ischemic region >2 h, whereas during the sinus rhythm, it showed reversible negative chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic effects and induced transient depressor response, which would not necessarily be considered favorable (n = 8). A smaller dose of CP-060S (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) showed a similar antiischemic and cardiovascular profile, but each effect was less potent than that of the higher dose (n = 7). Semotiadil (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) also showed cardiovascular suppression similar to that of CP-060S; however, the antiischemic effect was not detected during the whole experimental period (n = 6). Thus the inhibition of the noninactivating sodium current may be the primary reason for the antiischemic effect of CP-060S and could become a new cytoprotective principle in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease.
Multivalued Default Logic for Identity Maintenance in Visual Surveillance (2006)

Recognition of complex activities from surveillance video requires detection and temporal ordering of its constituent &quot;atomic&quot; events. It also requires the capacity to robustly track individuals and maintain their identities across single as well as multiple camera views. Identity maintenance is a primary source of uncertainty for activity recognition and has been traditionally addressed via different appearance matching approaches. However these approaches, by themselves, are inadequate. In this paper, we propose a prioritized, multivalued, default logic based framework that allows reasoning about the identities of individuals.
New doping technology-plasma doping-for next generation CMOS process with ultra shallow junction-LSI yield and surface contamination issues (2002)

Plasma doping method as a candidate to alternate conventional ion implantation has been proposed. LSI yield and surface contamination were confirmed for realizing mass production. This method has ultra low energy capability with very high throughput.
Bioisosteric prototype design of biaryl imidazolyl and triazolyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists (1986)

The structural relationship of the competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist 3-amino-5-(2-amino-4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (1) to the agonist histamine and to antagonists of the cimetidine type was explored by the design and synthesis of four series of bioisosterically designed prototypes. Biological data from these series was best interpreted as indicating a similarity between the imidazole moiety of histamine and cimetidine and the 2-amino-4-pyridyl moiety of 1. On the basis of this data, sequential replacement of 2-amino-4-pyridyl by 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-furyl and 2-guanidino-4-triazolyl moieties led to a structurally more potent series of biaryl histamine H2-receptor antagonists. The best of these, 2-methyl-4-(2-guanidino-4-thiazolyl)imidazole (29, CP-57,361-1) was 120 times more potent as a histamine H2-receptor antagonist than 1.
Medical treatments for balding in men. (1999)

Two drugs are available for the treatment of balding in men. Minoxidil, a topical product, is available without a prescription in two strengths. Finasteride is a prescription drug taken orally once daily. Both agents are modestly effective in maintaining (and sometimes regrowing) hair that is lost as a result of androgenic alopecia. The vertex of the scalp is the area that is most likely to respond to treatment, with little or no hair regrowth occurring on the anterior scalp or at the hairline. Side effects of these medications are minimal, making them suitable treatments for this benign but psychologically disruptive condition.
Chromosome sorting and DNA sequence localization (1982)

This article focuses on current techniques and possible future developments in chromosome isolation and sorting, and DNA analysis of sorted chromosomes. The strategy of subchromosomal gene mapping by chromosome sorting is outlined and a list of cell lines containing translocated chromosomes is provided which may be used to map genes to a single chromosome with a standard fluorescence activated cell sorter. The usefulness of this and other gene mapping methods for localizing unique DNA sequences and characterizing recombinant DNA libraries constructed from sorted chromosomal DNA is also discussed.
Inulin-125I-tyramine, an improved residualizing label for studies on sites of catabolism of circulating proteins. (1988)

Residualizing labels for protein, such as dilactitol-125I-tyramine (125I-DLT) and cellobiitol-125I-tyramine, have been used to identify the tissue and cellular sites of catabolism of long-lived plasma proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulins, and lipoproteins. The radioactive degradation products formed from labeled proteins are relatively large, hydrophilic, resistant to lysosomal hydrolases, and accumulate in lysosomes in the cells involved in degradation of the carrier protein. However, the gradual loss of the catabolites from cells (t1/2 approximately 2 days) has limited the usefulness of residualizing labels in studies on longer lived proteins. We describe here a higher molecular weight (Mr approximately 5000), more efficient residualizing glycoconjugate label, inulin-125I-tyramine (125I-InTn). Attachment of 125I-InTn had no effect on the plasma half-life or tissue sites of catabolism of asialofetuin, fetuin, or rat serum albumin in the rat. The half-life for hepatic retention of degradation products from 125I-InTn-labeled asialofetuin was 5 days, compared to 2.3 days for 125I-DLT-labeled asialofetuin. The whole body half-lives for radioactivity from 125I-InTn-, 125I-DLT-, and 125I-labeled rat serum albumin were 7.5, 4.3, and 2.2 days, respectively. The tissue distribution of degradation products from 125I-InTn-labeled proteins agreed with results of previous studies using 125I-DLT, except that a greater fraction of total degradation products was recovered in tissues. Kinetic analyses indicated that the average half-life for retention of 125I-InTn degradation products in tissues is approximately 5 days and suggested that in vivo there are both slow and rapid routes for release of degradation products from cells. Overall, these experiments indicate that 125I-InTn should provide greater sensitivity and more accurate quantitative information on the sites of catabolism of long-lived circulating proteins in vivo.
Factor XI Homodimer Structure Is Essential for Normal Proteolytic Activation by Factor XIIa, Thrombin, and Factor XIa (2008)

Coagulation factor XI (FXI) is a covalent homodimer consisting of two identical subunits of 80 kDa linked by a disulfide bond formed by Cys-321 within the Apple 4 domain of each subunit. Because FXI(C321S) is a noncovalent dimer, residues within the interface between the two subunits must mediate its homodimeric structure. The crystal structure of FXI demonstrates formation of salt bridges between Lys-331 of one subunit and Glu-287 of the other subunit and hydrophobic interactions at the interface of the Apple 4 domains involving Ile-290, Leu-284, and Tyr-329. FXI(C321S), FXI(C321S,K331A), FXI(C321S,E287A), FXI(C321S,I290A), FXI(C321S,Y329A), FXI(C321S,L284A), FXI(C321S,K331R), and FXI(C321S,H343A) were expressed in HEK293 cells and characterized using size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and functional assays. Whereas FXI(C321S) and FXI(C321S,H343A) existed in monomer/dimer equilibrium (K(d) approximately 40 nm), all other mutants were predominantly monomers with impaired dimer formation by analytical ultracentrifugation (K(d)=3-38 microm). When converted to the active enzyme, FXIa, all the monomeric mutants activated FIX similarly to wild-type dimeric FXIa. In contrast, these monomeric mutants could not be activated efficiently by FXIIa, thrombin, or autoactivation in the presence of dextran sulfate. We conclude that salt bridges formed between Lys-331 of one subunit and Glu-287 of the other together with hydrophobic interactions at the interface, involving residues Ile-290, Leu-284, and Tyr-329, are essential for homodimer formation. The dimeric structure of FXI is essential for normal proteolytic activation of FXI by FXIIa, thrombin, or FXIa either in solution or on an anionic surface but not for FIX activation by FXIa in solution.
Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making (1995)

Foreword, K. Dickson Conceptual Framework for Biocriteria Development Introduction, W. Davis and T. Simon Clean Water is Not Enough, J. Karr Biological Assessment and Criteria: Building on the Past, W. Davis Defining Acceptable Condition, R.M. Hughes Ecoregions: A Spatial Framework for Environmental Management, J. Omernik Multimetric Approach for Establishing Biocriteria and Measuring Biological Condition, M. Barbour, S. Stribling, and J. Karr Water Resource Planning and Decision-Making Status of Biological Criteria Development and Implementation, M. Southerland and S. Stribling Development and Application of Biological Impairment Criteria for Rivers and Streams in New York State, R.W. Bode, and M.A. Novak Biological Criteria Program Development and Implementation in Ohio, C. Yoder and E. Rankin Development of Regionally-Based Biological Criteria in Texas, C.E. Hornig, C.W. Bayer, S.R. Twidwell, J.R. Davis, R.J. Kleinsasser, G.W. Linam, and K.B. Mayes Biocriteria: A Regulated Industry Perspective, R. Reash Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Rapid Assessment Procedures for Water Quality Monitoring in Developing and Newly Industrialized Countries, V. Resh Methods Advancements and Technical Applications Habitat Indices in Water Resource Quality Assessments, E. Rankin Use of Periphyton in the Development of Biocriteria, B.H. Rosen Development and Application of the Ohio EPA Invertebrate Community Index (ICI), J. DeShon Fish Community Attributes for Evaluating Water Resource Integrity in Freshwater Ecosystems, T.P. Simon and J. Lyons Biological Response Signatures and the Area of Degradation Value: New Tools for Interpreting Multimetric Data, C. Yoder and E. Rankin The Role of Ecological Sample Surveys in the Implementation of Biocriteria, D. P. Larson Policy and Perspectives Monitoring Water Resource Quality Using Volunteers, J. Lathrop and A. Markowitz Merging the Science of Biological Monitoring with Water Resource Management Policy: Criteria Development, D. Courtemanch Policy Issues and Management Applications for Biological Criteria, C. Yoder Filling the Gaps in Water Quality Standards: Legal Perspectives on Biocriteria, R. Adler
γ-Secretase Associated with Lipid Rafts (2013)

γ-Secretase generates amyloid β-protein (Aβ), a pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer disease, through the intramembrane cleavage of the β-carboxyl-terminal fragment (βCTF) of β-amyloid precursor protein. We previously showed the framework of the γ-secretase cleavage, i.e. the stepwise successive processing of βCTF at every three (or four) amino acids. However, the membrane integrity of γ-secretase was not taken into consideration because of the use of the 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid-solubilized reconstituted γ-secretase system. Here, we sought to address how the membrane-integrated γ-secretase cleaves βCTF by using γ-secretase associated with lipid rafts. Quantitative analyses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of the βCTF transmembrane domain-derived peptides released along with Aβ generation revealed that the raft-associated γ-secretase cleaves βCTF in a stepwise sequential manner, but novel penta- and hexapeptides as well as tri- and tetrapeptides are released. The cropping of these peptides links the two major tripeptide-cleaving pathways generating Aβ40 and Aβ42 at several points, implying that there are multiple interactive pathways for the stepwise cleavages of βCTF. It should be noted that Aβ38 and Aβ43 are generated through three routes, and γ-secretase modulator 1 enhances all the three routes generating Aβ38, which results in decreases in Aβ42 and Aβ43 and an increase in Aβ38. These observations indicate that multiple interactive pathways for stepwise successive processing by γ-secretase define the species and quantity of Aβ produced.
229. Aliphatic hydroxylamines. Part II. Autoxidation (1956)

D. H. Johnson, M. A. T. Rogers and G. Trappe, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 1093 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560001093
Proteomic Comparison of the Secreted Factors of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue and Dental Pulp (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential in various diseases, including myocardial infarction. Recently, the importance of the therapeutic effects of secreted factors from MSCs is increasing, but their identification has not progressed. In this study, we uncover the secreted protein profiles of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp. Shotgun proteome analysis of conditioned MSC media by mass spectrometry identified 1533 proteins totally and 124 secreted proteins commonly produced among all three MSCs. The commonly secreted factors include already well-known factors whose functions are linked to MSCs’ biological effects, such as CTGF, SERPINE1, TGFB1, DKK3 and MYDGF, and also include newly identified factors whose roles are not well investigated, for example AIMP1, CLEC11A, GAS6, HDGF, INHBA, and PCSK5. Computational biological pathway analysis revealed that these common factors strongly relate to tissue regeneration pathways such as angiogenesis, migration, and inflammatory response. Further analysis showed enrichment of ossification, sprouting, and organ survival factors, suggesting connection to the functions closely related to MSCs’ therapeutic effects. This list of commonly secreted proteins could provide a reliable resource of biological factors which explain various effects of MSCs and would be useful for identifying new therapeutic factors produced from MSCs
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) of Cells and Microparticle in PDMS Microfluidic Channels (2004)

Electromanipulation of microparticles utilizing microelectrodes has demonstrated considerable promise for the characterization, separation and handling of biological cells. Presently considerable research and development effort is directed towards the development of miniaturized fluidic systems with integrated dielectrophoresis (DEP) electrodes. The design, development and fabrication of a DEP microfluidic assembly with an in-built interdigitated microelectrode array is presented. Continuous fractionation of microparticles in a PDMS microfluidic channel is described. Experimental verification of positive and negative DEP of yeast cells and polystyrene latex beads is demonstrated.
An inverse problem approach to the correction of distortion in EPI images (2000)

Magnetic resonance imaging using the echo planar imaging (EPI) technique is particularly sensitive to main (B0) field inhomogeneities. The primary effect is geometrical distortion in the phase encoding direction. In this paper, we present a method based on the conjugate gradient algorithm to correct for this geometrical distortion, by solving the EPI imaging equation. Two versions are presented: one that attempts to solve the full four-dimensional (4-D) imaging equation, and one that independently solves for each profile along the blip encoding direction. Results are presented for both phantom and in vivo brain EPI images and compared with other proposed correction methods.
Principles and Practice of Trial Consultation (2009)

Part I: Essential Issues in Trial Consultation. Introduction to Trial Consultation. The Case Conceptualization. Toolbox for Trial Consultants. Part II: Preparation of Witnesses and Attorneys. Witness Preparation for Testifying in Court. Preparation and Examination of Expert Witnesses. Witness Preparation: Findings from the Lab. Part III: Jury Selection Principles and Case Studies. Jury Selection: Basic Approaches. Jury Selection: Internet Sex Offenders and Juror Sexual Values. No Questions but Deselection Questions. Jury Selection: Reversals. Part IV: Changes of Venue. Change of Venue Consultations. Surveys of Pretrial Bias: A Case Report. Part V: Putting it Together. Trial Consultation in a Capital Murder Case: Integrating the Components of Trial Consultation. Trial Consultation in Eminent Domain Cases. Where Next for Trial Consulting?: Emerging Trends and Limitations.