gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new high temperature multilayer capacitor with acrylate dielectrics (1990)

Polymer multilayer (PML) monolithic capacitors have been produced by a continuous high-speed vacuum process. The polymer dielectric is formulated by flash evaporating an acrylate monomer material onto a rotating drum and then cross-linking it by electron beam irradiation. The resulting polymer is thermally stable at temperatures in excess of 300 degrees C. The dielectric films are pinhole-free and have stable electric properties. The capacitor electrodes are vapor-deposited aluminum and are thin enough to allow the capacitor to self-heal. The number of layers varies typically between 1000 and 5000 and the dielectric thickness between 0.3 and 1.0 mu m. The low dielectric thickness results in capacitor chips with high volumetric efficiency that can be surface-mounted by conventional soldering techniques. An overview of the vacuum process, chip cutting, termination, packaging, electrical characteristics, and general test methodology is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mesomorphic Transition Metal Complexes (1977)

Abstract The synthesis of two dithiolato nickel complexes carrying aliphatic substituents is described. Both compounds exhibit mesomorphic properties.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Phenols from Water (1992)

The feasibility of extracting substituted phenols from an aqueous solution with supercritical CO2 is reported. A special extraction vessel was used in order to overcome the mechanical difficulty in retaining the liquid matrix in the extraction vessel. Solid phase trapping was utilized with a diol silica bonded phase. Methanol was used to rinse the trap. Below 300 atm extraction recovery paralleled CO2 pressure at fixed temperature. Phenol was least extractable; while, 2,4-dichlorophenol yielded the greatest percent recovery. Above 300 atm extraction yield declined with pressure. It is theorized that at high CO2 density there is less mixing with the aqueous phase because of increased fluid-fluid interaction.
α<sub>1</sub>‐Acid glycoprotein fucosylation as a marker of carcinoma progression and prognosis (2004)

Patients with advanced malignancies who had AGP glycoforms that contained highly fucosylated triantennary and tetraantennary sugar chains for long periods after surgery were likely to have a poor prognosis. However, patients who had AGP glycoforms without such changes were expected to have a good prognosis.
Engineering the surface properties of a human monoclonal antibody prevents self-association and rapid clearance in vivo (2016)

Uncontrolled self-association is a major challenge in the exploitation of proteins as therapeutics. Here we describe the development of a structural proteomics approach to identify the amino acids responsible for aberrant self-association of monoclonal antibodies and the design of a variant with reduced aggregation and increased serum persistence in vivo. We show that the human monoclonal antibody, MEDI1912, selected against nerve growth factor binds with picomolar affinity, but undergoes reversible self-association and has a poor pharmacokinetic profile in both rat and cynomolgus monkeys. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange and cross-linking-mass spectrometry we map the residues responsible for self-association of MEDI1912 and show that disruption of the self-interaction interface by three mutations enhances its biophysical properties and serum persistence, whilst maintaining high affinity and potency. Immunohistochemistry suggests that this is achieved via reduction of non-specific tissue binding. The strategy developed represents a powerful and generic approach to improve the properties of therapeutic proteins.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Optically Active Poly(<i>o</i>-methoxyaniline) (2000)

The electropolymerization of o-methoxyaniline in the presence of (+)-(1S)- or (−)-(1R)-camphorsulfonic (HCSA) provides a route to optically active poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA). The green emeraldine salt films POMA·(+)-HCSA (1a) and POMA·(−)-HCSA (1b) deposited on ITO-coated glass working electrodes exhibit mirror imaged circular dichroism spectra in the visible region, indicating diastereoselection in the electrochemical deposition. Their chiroptical properties suggest that these POMA·HCSA salts adopt a “compact coil” conformation for their polymer chains. The films are readily soluble in a range of organic solvents, retaining their optical activity and “compact coil” conformations. A strong red shift in the position of the low energy polaron band of 1a along the solvent series NMP < CHCl3 < DMSO, DMF < MeOH indicates a concomitant increase in the conjugation length of the polymer chains. The 1a and 1b films may also be dedoped in aqueous 1.0 mol dm-3 NH4OH to give optically active POMA emeraldine base. Redoping of these latter blue films with 1.0 mol dm-3 HCl regenerates the circular dichroism spectra of the original 1a and 1b films, confirming retention of configuration during reversible dedoping/redoping cycles in the solid state.
Phosphoramidate Pronucleotides:  A Comparison of the Phosphoramidase Substrate Specificity of Human and <i>Escherichia coli</i> Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Proteins (2007)

To facilitate the delivery of nucleotide-based therapeutics to cells and tissues, a variety of pronucleotide approaches have been developed. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that nucleoside phosphoramidates can be activated intracellularly to the corresponding 5'-monophosphate nucleotide and that histidine triad nucleotide binding proteins (Hints) are potentially responsible for their bioactivation. Hints are conserved and ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyze phosphoramidate bonds between nucleoside 5'-monophosphate and an amine leaving group. On the basis of the ability of nucleosides to quench the fluorescence of covalently linked amines containing indole, a sensitive, continuous fluorescence-based assay was developed. A series of substrates linking the naturally fluorogenic indole derivatives to nucleoside 5'-monophosphates were synthesized, and their steady state kinetic parameters of hydrolysis by human Hint1 and Escherichia coli hinT were evaluated. To characterize the elemental and stereochemical effect on the reaction, two P-diastereoisomers of adenosine or guanosine phosphoramidothioates were synthesized and studied to reveal a 15-200-fold decrease in the specificity constant (kcat/Km) when the phosphoryl oxygen is replaced with sulfur. While a stereochemical preference was not observed for E. coli hinT, hHint1 exhibited a 300-fold preference for d-tryptophan phosphoramidates over l-isomers. The most efficient substrates evaluated to date are those that contain the less sterically hindering amine leaving group, tryptamine, with kcat and Km values comparable to those found for adenosine kinase. The apparent second-order rate constants (kcat/Km) for adenosine tryptamine phosphoramidate monoester were found to be 107 M-1 s-1 for hHint1 and 106 M-1 s-1 for E. coli hinT. Both the human and E. coli enzymes preferred purine over pyrimidine analogues. Consistent with observed hydrogen bonding between the 2'-OH group of adenosine monophosphate and the active site residue, Asp43, the second-order rate constant (kcat/Km) for thymidine tryptamine phosphoramidate was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than that for uridine tryptamine phosphoramidate for hHint1 and 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that for E. coli hinT. Ara-A tryptamine phosphoramidate was, however, shown to be a good substrate with a specificity constant (kcat/Km) only 10-fold lower than the value for adenosine tryptamine phosphoramidate. Consequently, nucleoside phosphoramidates containing unhindered primary amines and either an alpha or beta 2'-OH group should be easily bioactivated by Hints with efficiencies rivaling those for the 5'-monophosphorylation of nucleosides by nucleoside kinases. The differential substrate specificity observed for human and E. coli enzymes represents a potential therapeutic rationale for the development of selective antibiotic phosphoramidate pronucleotides.
680 nm-band self-sustained pulsating AlGaInP visible laser diodes (2002)

We developed 680 nm-band AlGaInP visible laser diodes having very low noise characteristics with stable self-sustained pulsation for applications such as optical data storage. AlGaInP visible laser diodes are expected to become the next key device in a field of optical disk systems due to its shorter wavelength. Low relative intensity noise (RIN) is required for optical disk systems. Self-sustained pulsation is effective for the reduction of the noise. In the AlGaInP laser diodes, stable pulsating operation in the high temperature range was very difficult due to its low thermal conductivity. We successfully achieved the AlGaInP visible laser diodes with stable self-sustained pulsation and low noise in the temperature ranging from 20 to 50/spl deg/C.
Silicon nanowire on oxide/nitride/oxide for memory application (2007)

We report the fabrication and characterization of Si nanowire memory devices with oxide/nitride/oxide stacked layers as the gate dielectrics and charge storage media. The devices were fabricated by using photolithography to pattern the metal contacts to the Si nanowires grown on pre-defined locations. A large memory window with high on/off-state current ratio due to the small radius and intrinsic doping of the Si nanowire is obtained. In addition, the simple reversible write/read/erase operations have been implemented with these memory devices. The dynamics of the nanowire/nitride charge exchange and its effect on the threshold voltage and memory retention have been investigated.
A case of SI attenuation in 4D seismic data recorded with a permanently installed array (2007)

Abstract For seismic monitoring of reservoirs, interference noise from other seismic operations can delay data acquisition because of time-sharing or necessitate additional efforts to attenuate the seismic interference (SI) during processing. We present a method that takes advantage of the different shot interval and flexible recording length of the monitoring system to allow efficient attenuation of the SI by adaptive subtraction. The method is applied successfully to multicomponent 4D data.
An Analysis of the Modified Offered-Load Approximation for the Nonstationary Erlang Loss Model (1994)

A fundamental problem that led to the development of queueing theory is the probabilistic modelling of the number of busy lines in telephone trunk groups. Based on the behavior of real telephone systems, a natural model to use would be the $M_t/G/s/0$ queue, which has $s$ servers, no extra waiting space and a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival process $(M_t)$. Unfortunately, so far queueing theory has provided an exact analysis for only the $M/G/s/0$ queue in steady state, which yields the Erlang blocking formula, and the $M_t/G/\infty$ queue, which treats nonstationary arrivals at the expense of having infinitely many servers. However, these results can be synthesized to create a modified offered-load (MOL) approximation for the $M_t/G/s/0$ queue: the distribution of the number of busy servers in the $M_t/G/s/0$ queue at time $t$ is approximated by the steady-state distribution of the stationary $M/G/s/0$ queue with an offered load (arrival rate times mean service time) equal to the mean number of busy servers in the $M_t/G/\infty$ queue at time $t$. In addition to being a simple effective approximation scheme, the MOL approximation makes all of the exact results for infinite server queues relevant to the analysis of nonstationary loss systems. In this paper, we provide a rigorous mathematical basis for the MOL approximation. We find an expression for the difference between the $M_t/G/s/0$ queue length distribution and its MOL approximation. From this expression we extract bounds on the error and deduce when one distribution stochastically dominates the other.
The manifold faces of PML and the challenge of diagnosis (2011)

Diagnosing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), particularly when it occurs in the setting of multiple sclerosis (MS), can be challenging. The patient described by Kuhle and colleagues1 in this issue of Neurology ® had MS treated with natalizumab and developed left leg weakness and gait impairment, reminiscent of symptoms that she experienced 4 months earlier, although these resolved within 4 weeks of onset and were ascribed to MS relapse. At the time of the recurrence of leg weakness and unsteady gait, she had been on natalizumab for 16 months, though there had been a 4-month interruption in therapy due to an intercurrent infection. MS relapse was again suspected and she was treated with corticosteroids. However, she experienced neurologic progression and a cranial MRI eventually revealed a new contrast-enhancing lesion with a rising titer of CSF antibody to JCV. These findings suggested the presence of inflammatory PML. Repeated CSF quantitative PCR (qPCR) remained negative for JCV DNA even after testing in multiple laboratories using ultrasensitive techniques. Biopsy of the affected brain failed to reveal typical histopathologic findings of PML, specifically, demyelination, bizarre astrocytes, and oligodendroglial nuclear inclusions, and tissue in situ hybridization for JCV was negative. Ultimately, qPCR from the paraffin-embedded tissue was positive for …
Eccentric Lenses for Producing Ring Images (1969)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. B. Goodell, "Eccentric Lenses for Producing Ring Images," Appl. Opt. 8, 2566-2566 (1969) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Studies on the Role of Sex Steroids in the Feedback Control of Gonadotropin Concentrations in Men. III. Androgen Resistance in Primary Gonadal Failure (1979)

The negative feedback control of serum gonadotropins by sex steroids was studied in eight men with Leydig cell insufficiency, four of whom had diminished and four with unmeasurable Leydig cell function. Mean serum LH and FSH concentrations, the pattern of LH pulsatile release, and the response of gonadotropins to LRH stimulation were studied before and at the completion of 4-day continuous infusions of testosterone (T; 15 mg/day), 17/S-estradiol (E; 90 μg/day), and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 7.0 mg/day). Both T and E infusion resulted in approximately 30% suppression of mean serum LH and FSH concentrations in hypogonadal subjects; these responses were similar to those of normal men. Neither T nor E infusion produced a decrease in LH pulse frequency or amplitude in hypogonadal men. This differs from the decrease in LH pulse frequency seen with T and the fall in LH pulse amplitude during E infusion previously observed in normal men. The fall in mean serum LH concentration during infusion of the nonaromatizable androgen DHT was significantly less in the hypogonadal (11 ± 2.7%) than in the normal men (35 ± 10%; P > 0.05). DHT resulted in an augmentation of the LH response to LRH administration in normal men, which was not observed in the hypogonadal men. No significant FSH suppression by DHT was seen in either group. The data indicate that the modulation of LH by sex steroids in men with primary hypogonadism appears to differ from normal in that there is a resistance to the effects of pure androgen. The mechanism for this resistance remains to be determined. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab48: 553, 1979)
A four-year survey of an inner-city psychosexual problems clinic (1996)

Abstract Despite progress in the variety and availability of different psychological and physical approaches offered as treatment for sexual dysfunction, there have been relatively few studies on the characteristics of people seeking help for sexual problems. This paper aims to describe the demographic characteristics, sources of referral and types of problem of patients referred to an inner-city psychosexual problems clinic over a recent four-year period and to study the relationship between measures of psychological distress reported and primary presenting problems. Patients described in this paper were broadly comparable with those reported in other recent studies, although there was a higher ratio of males to females, more patients were from a working class background and more referrals originated from GPs. However, during the last decade an increase in referrals to the clinic of ethnic minorities and patients suffering from the sequelae of childhood sexual abuse was noted. A frequent presence of psychiatric morbidity was recorded, with a significant sex difference: females scored significantly higher than males on measures of psychopathology, interpersonal problems and depression. Factors accounting for these differences are discussed and suggestions for further research into prognostic factors affecting treatment for sexual dysfunction offered.
Impaired Kupffer cell function precedes development of secondary amyloidosis. (1985)

It has been demonstrated previously that the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), is subject to degradation by surface membrane-associated proteinases of peripheral blood monocytes. However, monocytes obtained from the blood of patients with amyloidosis degraded SAA incompletely, leaving a cleavage product that, biochemically and immunologically, resembled the amyloid protein A (AA) deposited in their tissues. To investigate the role of fixed macrophages in amyloidogenesis and to establish more definitively that amyloid deposition is attributable to faulty processing of the precursor protein rather than aberrant synthesis, secondary amyloidosis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by serial injections of casein. Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated from livers of mice that had received 0, 8, 13, 18, and greater than 30 injections of the stimulant. The cells were cultured with SAA for 4, 8, and 18 h and then subjected to electron microscopy and enzyme analyses. The medium was analyzed by SDS-PAGE to determine the amount of residual SAA and/or the appearance of AA. KC of healthy animals degraded SAA completely whereas KC of stimulated mice showed increasing amounts of residual SAA and the appearance of the AA cleavage product. The AA peptide appeared in KC cultures early during the course of casein injections and before any amyloid could be demonstrated in the organs of the stimulated mice. The addition of KC isolated from healthy mice to cultures that had produced AA eliminated the abnormal peptide. The results, indicate that defective KC function precedes amyloidosis. The abnormal AA cleavage product formed by such cells is still susceptible to hydrolysis by normal cells. In addition, ultrastructural evidence is presented that suggests that KC may also play a role in fibrillogenesis of the AA protein.
A Pd–Cu–Ni Ternary Alloyed Membrane on Porous Nickel Support Prepared by Sputtering and Copper Reflow (2005)

We propose a ternary, Pd–Cu–Ni, alloyed membrane on porous nickel support that dramatically enhances the hydrogen selectivity by using sputtering and copper reflow. Porous nickel support made by sintering shows strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and thermal fatigue. To improve the hydrogen selectivity of the membrane, fabricated the layer sequence of Cu/Pd/Ni on porous nickel support replaced that of conventional Pd/Cu/Ni and then reflow was performed at 700°C. Consequently, copper was reflowed unilaterally into Pd/Ni layer, thereby avoiding delamination by the interlayered copper and enabling infinite hydrogen selectivity because of extremely dense coatings.
Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of VPS34 Provide Chemical Tools to Modulate Autophagy <i>in Vivo</i> (2015)

Autophagy is a dynamic process that regulates lysosomal-dependent degradation of cellular components. Until recently the study of autophagy has been hampered by the lack of reliable pharmacological tools, but selective inhibitors are now available to modulate the PI 3-kinase VPS34, which is required for autophagy. Here we describe the discovery of potent and selective VPS34 inhibitors, their pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and ability to inhibit autophagy in cellular and mouse models.
Vaccination of Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With an Optimized Cryptic Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Peptide (2007)

TERT572Y peptide vaccine is well tolerated and effective in eliciting a specific T cell immunity. Immunological response is associated with prolonged survival. These results are encouraging and warrant further evaluation in a randomized study.
Power Supply Noise in Bang-Bang Control Class D Amplifier (2007)

In this paper, the effect of power supply noise, qualified by power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), on bang-bang control class D amplifier (BCCD) is investigated. By modeling the BCCD with power supply noise, the mechanisms are modeled. Further, by means of a novel analysis based on a double-Fourier series, the parameters related to power supply noise is derived and thereafter expressions for PSRR are derived. The analyses are verified by means of computer simulations and by measurements on practical circuits. The relationships derived herein provide good insight to the design of BCCDs, including how various parameters may be varied/optimized to meet a given PSRR specification.
THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME BASIC ESTERS OF 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYBENZOIC ACID (1960)

A series of basic esters of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid was obtained from the reaction of 2-chloroethyl and 3-chloropropyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate with secondary amines including 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. The latter compound was prepared by the lithium aluminum hydride reduction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-β-carboline.
Autotoxicity of chard and its allelopathic potentiality on germination and some metabolic activities associated with growth of wheat seedlings (2008)

In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous whole mature chard plant extract (Beta vulgaris L. var. Cicla) on wheat (Triticum vulgare L. var. Sides 1) and an associated weed (chard) was investigated. Plants used were sampled in 2006, and then plant extracts were obtained after they were ground and processed with distilled water. Twenty five of wheat grains and the same number of chard seeds of uniform size and weight were placed in a mixture on sterile filter paper in 15 cm Petri-dishes. Treated Petri-dishes were each supplied with 20 ml extract of 0.25,1, 4, 8, and 12% (w/v) while untreated control was supplied with 20 ml of distilled water. After 10 days the germination percentage, vigour value, seedling growth criteria and some physiological processes were counted. The aqueous extract retarded the germination of chard more effectively than that of wheat and the effect was concentration dependent. The lowest concentration stimulated the germination of both wheat and chard; on the other hand, the germination was retarded under the application of concentrations above 1%. However, 1% concentration had a positive effect on wheat and negative on chard. HPLC analyses of the watersoluble extract of whole chard plant residue revealed the presence of eight phenolic aglycones that show the abundant of chichimec acid, (+) camphor, hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids as well as trace amounts of coumarin and protocatechuic acids. This extract may be used as a bioherbicide to control the germination and growth of itself (autotoxicity).