gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology, clinical features and management of hepatorenal syndrome. (2000)

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of functional renal failure occurring in patients with advanced liver disease. Hypoperfusion of the kidney, due to renal vasoconstriction, is the main feature of HRS. Conversely, the extrarenal circulation is characterized by low systemic resistance, especially occurring in splanchnic vessels, and arterial hypotension. It has been postulated that renal vasoconstriction is induced either by a hepatorenal reflex related to the diseased liver or by arterial vasodilation and the subsequent baroreceptor-mediator activation of systemic vasoconstrictor factors. The diagnosis of HRS requires the exclusion of other causes of renal failure in patients with liver disease. On the basis of clinical and prognostic differences, two types of HRS have been defined. The prognosis of HRS is poor and, to date, the only effective treatment is the liver transplantation.
A perspective for understanding the modes of juvenile hormone action as a lipid signaling system (2003)

The juvenile hormones of insects regulate an unusually large diversity of processes during postembryonic development and adult reproduction. It is a long-standing puzzle in insect developmental biology and physiology how one hormone can have such diverse effects. The search for molecular mechanisms of juvenile hormone action has been guided by classical models for hormone-receptor interaction. Yet, despite substantial effort, the search for a juvenile hormone receptor has been frustrating and has yielded limited results. We note here that a number of lipid-soluble signaling molecules in vertebrates, invertebrates and plants show curious similarities to the properties of juvenile hormones of insects. Until now, these signaling molecules have been thought of as uniquely evolved mechanisms that perform specialized regulatory functions in the taxon where they were discovered. We show that this array of lipid signaling molecules share interesting properties and suggest that they constitute a large set of signal control and transduction mechanisms that include, but range far beyond, the classical steroid hormone signaling mechanism. Juvenile hormone is the insect representative of this widespread and diverse system of lipid signaling molecules that regulate protein activity in a variety of ways. We propose a synthetic perspective for understanding juvenile hormone action in light of other lipid signaling systems and suggest that lipid activation of proteins has evolved to modulate existing signal activation and transduction mechanisms in animals and plants. Since small lipids can be inserted into many different pathways, lipid-activated proteins have evolved to play a great diversity of roles in physiology and development.
Observation of Raman scattering in GaAs photonic-crystal slab waveguides (2006)

We have observed Raman spectra of optical phonons at 1.34 mum in an air-bridge type of GaAs photonic-crystal (PC) slab waveguides (WGs) of 0.6 mm in length. Unlike the bulk GaAs case, both longitudinal (LO)- and transverse (TO) phonons were observed not only in the forward direction, but also in the backward direction. This anomalous feature can be well interpreted as arising from strong confinement of light in PC WGs. The scattering efficiency of LO phonon at 292 cm(-1) is estimated as 1.9 x 10(-7) cm(-1)-sr(-1) in the forward scattering. Based on the present information, the possibility of developing an optical amplifier with use of stimulated Raman scattering in a future ultrafast and ultrasmall PC WGs-based optical circuit is discussed.
An asynchronous time division multiplexing-multiple access protocol for indoor wireless multi-service networks (2002)

This paper describes an asynchronous time division multiplexing-multiple access (ATDM-MA) protocol which is designed to support different types of service on future wireless indoor local area networks. The proposed architecture does not follow the conventional cellular or ad-hoc approaches but supports both peer-to-peer communication and infrastructure access. It is assumed that a high bit rate (20 Mbit/s) radio solution is used to provide the physical connectivity with omnidirectional antennas. The goal of the ATDM-MA protocol is to provide efficient channel utilisation and re-use and operates in conjunction with different medium access control (MAC) protocols for different traffic types (i.e. polling and random access). The throughput and delay of the proposed scheme obtained from computer simulation shows that good performance can be achieved with modest complexity.
Thin polyoxide on the top of poly-Si gate to suppress boron penetration for pMOS (1995)

A method of using a thin oxide on the top of the poly-Si gate to getter fluorine for BF/sub 2//sup +/ in pMOS is proposed and demonstrated. Due to less amount of fluorine in the poly-Si as well as in the gate oxide, the boron penetration through the gate oxide is suppressed. The MOS capacitors fabricated by using this method show less shifts and distortion on C-V curves and better electrical characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diurnal Variations in Photosynthetic Products and Nitrogen Metabolism in Expanding Leaves (1973)

Expanding leaves of Capsicum frutescens L. cv. California Wonder, Cucumis melo L. cv. Hales Best, and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington Navel showed a marked diurnal periodicity in the incorporation of (14)C from photosynthetically fixed (14)CO(2) into amino acids. Incorporation was virtually nil at the beginning of the photoperiod, reached a maximum in the 6th to 7th hour and decreased during the latter part of the photoperiod. In Capsicum frutescens this was apparently a reflection of the availability of reduced nitrogen controlled by the activity of nitrate reductase in the leaves. This also controlled the periodicity of the incorporation of (14)C into fraction I protein. Possible control mechanisms and the relation of nitrogen metabolism to the periodicity of leaf expansion growth are discussed.
Responses of White-Tailed Bucks to Added Artificial Light (1960)

Responses of White-Tailed Bucks to Added Artificial Light Get access C. E. French, C. E. French Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. C. McEwen, L. C. McEwen Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. D. Magruder, N. D. Magruder Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Terry Rader, Terry Rader Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. A. Long, T. A. Long Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. W. Swift R. W. Swift Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 41, Issue 1, 20 February 1960, Pages 23–29, https://doi.org/10.2307/1376513 Published: 20 February 1960 Article history Received: 01 August 1958 Published: 20 February 1960
A 1200 V-class Fin P-body IGBT with ultra-narrow-mesas for low conduction loss (2016)

In this paper, a new 1200 V-class ultra-narrow-mesas fin p-body IGBT (U-Fin-P IGBT) is proposed. Different from the previously demonstrated fin p-body IGBT, a much narrower fin (mesa) width (~0.5 μm) is adopted in the U-Fin-P IGBT to further reduce the conduction loss; whereas the difficulty of doing emitter contact lithography on top of the ultranarrow mesa regions is resolved by using a self-aligned contact formation process design. It is found from numerical simulations that for the same turn-off energy loss, the on-state voltage drop Von (at 150°C) of the U-Fin-P IGBT is ~21% lower than that of the fin p-body IGBT. Furthermore, the U-Fin-P IGBT also shows excellent turn-on dVldt controllability.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of <i>m</i>-Tyrosine-Based 16- and 17-Membered Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Protease (2005)

The limited efficacy and considerable side effects of currently available therapies for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have prompted significant efforts toward the development of safe and effective new therapeutics. The pentapeptide alpha-ketoamides of type 1 were weak HCV inhibitors with a binding constant, Ki, above 5 microM. We envisioned that cyclization of a P2 phenyl side chain to a P3 capping group could enhance binding through an interaction of the resulting macrocycle with the methyl group of Ala156 on the enzyme backbone. The macrocyclic dipeptide moiety would also decrease the peptidic nature of the inhibitors. The synthesis of macrocyclic HCV inhibitors started from m-tyrosine methyl ester. Two consecutive couplings, first, with Boc-cyclohexylglycine and, then, with hept-6-enoic acid, provided compound 6. The alkene was converted to an alcohol via hydroboration. The key macrocyclization of phenol alcohol 7 was achieved through a Mitsunobu reaction. Both 16- and 17-membered macrocycles (8 and 21) were prepared. After hydrolysis, the macrocyclic acids (15 and 22) were coupled to the right-hand tripeptide (14) to afford alpha-hydroxyamides, which upon Dess-Martin periodinane oxidation furnished the desired alpha-ketoamides. Esters, acids, and amides were incorporated at the C-terminal of these peptides. These inhibitors were tested in an HCV protease continuous assay. The binding constants (Ki) indicated that the 16-membered macrocyclic inhibitors (23 and 24) were less potent than the 17-membered analogues (16-19). It was also evident that C-terminal acids (i.e., 17) and amides (18 and 19) (Ki range: 0.16-0.31 microM) were much better inhibitors than tert-butyl esters (16 and 23). The X-ray crystal structure of compound 17 bound to the enzyme revealed that the macrocycle formed a "donut"-shaped ring around the methyl group of Ala156. P2' phenyl and P1 propyl groups wrapped around the Lys136 side chain, forming a "C"-shaped clamp. The 17-membered macrocyclic inhibitors 17-19 were significantly more potent than the acyclic pentapeptide 1.
Somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 induce opposite effects on potassium currents in rat neocortical neurons. (1989)

The prosomatostatin-derived peptides somatostatin-14 (Som-14) and somatostatin-28 (Som-28) are believed to act as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. To examine possible mechanisms by which these peptides induce their physiological actions in brain, the effects of Som-14 and Som-28 on voltage-dependent K+ currents in rat cerebral cortical neurons in culture were examined by using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Som-14 increased a delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) in the cortical neurons, while Som-28 reduced IK in the neurons, both in a concentration-dependent manner. Som-14 and Som-28 could induce opposite changes in IK in the same neurons. Elevating intracellular cAMP in the cortical neurons did not modify the effects of Som-14 or Som-28 on IK, indicating that the peptides can regulate this ionic current through cAMP-independent mechanisms. Pretreatment of the neocortical cells with pertussis toxin, which inactivates inhibitory GTP-binding proteins, abolished both Som-14 and Som-28 modulation of IK, indicating that Som-14 and Som-28 receptors are coupled to IK via GTP-binding proteins. These studies show that Som-14 and Som-28 can induce opposite biological effects, suggesting that Som-14 and Som-28, acting through distinct receptors, may function as different neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
Lipids and the endothelium (1999)

The normal endothelium is characterised by the production of a number of molecules which affect the contractile state of adjacent myocytes and the behavior of formed elements within the blood stream, and by the absence of cell surface adhesion molecules. In addition, endothelial cells are important modulators of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Whilst effects of lipids have been documented on many of these endothelial processes, there is particularly strong evidence for effects on the vasodilatation mediated by endothelium derived nitric oxide and on the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelial surface. Both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride rich lipoproteins impair endothelium dependent vasodilatation. The effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised with evidence for effects of specific constituents of oxidised LDL, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LDL effects have been demonstrated at numerous sites of the nitric oxide signaling pathway including receptor-G protein coupling, nitric oxide synthase and NO bioactivity, with evidence for enhanced superoxide formation and the consequent production of the less potent dilator peroxynitrite. The effects of lipids on endothelium dependent vasodilatation can be reversed not only by reducing the level of elevated lipids levels but also by provision of the NOS substrate, L-arginine and by the provision of antioxidants, although the mechanism for these effects are not fully elucidated. The adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial surface is stimulated by low density and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. As with endothelium dependent vasodilatation, the effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for low-density lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised, and many of the effects of oxidised LDL can be mimicked by LPC. HDL can overcome pro-adhesive effects of oxidised LDL. The effects of LDL on leukocyte adhesion are secondary to the expression of adhesion molecules on the luminal surfaces of endothelial cells. In addition to the likely deleterious effects of lipids on endothelium-mediated vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, lipids have been shown to affect a number of other endothelial processes and function. Thus, oxidised LDL affects endothelial ET1 and PGI2 release. Although effects have been shown on endothelial cell growth and apoptosis and on endothelial processes related to thrombosis and fibrinolysis, these effects have been less extensively studied than endothelial dependent vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Many of the effects of elevated or modified low density and TG rich lipoproteins on endothelial cells and endothelial cell processes could be expected to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and therefore, to the association between lipids and atherosclerotic, particularly coronary, vascular disease. However, the extent to which "endothelial dysfunction" accounts for the known relationships between serum lipid concentrations and CHD is yet to be established.
Reactions of α-Lithiatd 4<i>H</i>-1-Benzothiopyran-4-one and 1,2-Dihydrocyclopenta[<i>b</i>][1]benzothiopyran-9(3<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives (1985)

Abstract Treatment of 5- and 7-methoxy-2-methyl-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one with lithium diisopropylamide followed by electrophiles gave 2-substituted 4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-ones. Utilizing this reaction, 3-substituted 6- and 8-methoxy-1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[b][1]benzothiopyran-9(3H)-ones were also synthesized, and several compounds showed potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Asphalt research in SHRP (1990)

The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe SHRP Contract A-003A: Performance-Related Testing and Measuring of Asphalt-Aggregate Interactions and Mixtures, which is being mainly conducted from the University of California at Berkeley under the leadership of Professor Carl Monismith and the University of Oregon under Professor Gary Hicks. The information presented is based on that gained during a visit to the University, which formed part of the Asphalt Study Tour to the USA in January-February 1990. The conduct and findings of the work associated with determining the fundamental properties of asphalt are also briefly compared with work being conducted in Australia with the assistance of the Australian asphalt industry through their Research and Development (R&D) Program.
An Adaptive Microphone Array For Optimum Beamforming And Noise Reduction (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
The breakdown of urea in cats not secreting gastric juice (1954)

Research Article| March 01 1954 The breakdown of urea in cats not secreting gastric juice H. L. Kornberg; H. L. Kornberg 1Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Davies; R. E. Davies 1Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. R. Wood D. R. Wood 1Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1954 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1954 Biochem J (1954) 56 (3): 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0560355 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. L. Kornberg, R. E. Davies, D. R. Wood; The breakdown of urea in cats not secreting gastric juice. Biochem J 1 March 1954; 56 (3): 355–363. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0560355 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1954 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1954 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transmit diversity and linear and decision-feedback equalizations for frequency-selective fading channels (2003)

Rapid growth and increasing demands for near-ubiquitous high-quality high-data-rate services present the most challenges for wireless system design. As an effective method to provide such services, space-time (ST) coding is gaining more and more attention. The paper extends ST coding, originally designed for known frequency-nonselective fading channels, to unknown frequency-selective channels. An ST transmit diversity wireless time-division multiple-access system, that is equipped with multiple antennas at both transmit and receive sides, is considered. In this system, a novel scheme is presented to suppress intersymbol interference and to demodulate coherently the information symbols with estimated channel state information. The proposed algorithm is powerful and computationally efficient. In addition to the discussion of system identifiability, both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator and receiver in multipath fading channels.
GUFI: A framework for GPUs reliability assessment (2016)

Modern many-core Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are extensively employed in general purpose computing (GPGPU), offering a remarkable execution speedup to inherently data parallel workloads. Unlike graphics computing, GPGPU computing has more stringent reliability requirements. Thus, accurate reliability assessment of GPU hardware structures is important for making informed decisions for error protection. In this paper we focus on microarchitecture-level reliability assessment for GPU architectures. The paper makes the following contributions. First, it presents a comprehensive fault injection framework that targets key hardware structures of GPU architectures such as the register file, the shared memory, the SIMT stack and the instruction buffer, which altogether occupy large part of a modern GPU silicon area. Second, it reports our reliability assessment findings for the target structures, when the GPU executes a diverse set of twelve GPGPU applications. Third, it discusses remarkable differences in the results of fault injection when the applications are simulated in the virtual NVIDIA GPUs instruction set (ptx) vs. the actual instruction set (sass). Finally, it discusses how the framework can be employed either by architects in the early stages of design phase or by programmers for a GPU application's error resilience enhancement.
Effect of benzopyranoperidine, a Δ‐9‐THC congener, on pain (1978)

In a double-blind, 5-way crossover designed study, single doses of placebo, 2 doses of codeine sulfate (60 and 120 mg), and 2 doses of benzopyranoperidine (2 and 4 mg) were administered orally to 35 patients who required analgesics for chronic pain due to malignancies. Benzopyranopyridine is an analogue of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and was chosen on the basis of its sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic properties in animals. Pain relief scores indicated a degree of relief of clinical significance with 120 mg of codeine but no consistent difference between placebo and any other active agent. On the basis of the data, bezopyranoperidine (2 or 4 mg) is not as effective as codeine (120 mg or 60 mg) and not more effective than placebo in relieving pain due to cancer; indeed, pain perception appeared to be augmented by both doses.
LADDIS: the next generation in NFS file server benchmarking (1993)

The ability to compare the performance of various NFS 1 file server configurations from several vendors is critically important to a computing facility when selecting an NFS file server. To date, nhfsstone 2 has been a popular means of characterizing NFS file server performance. However, several deficiencies have been found in nhfsstone. The LADDIS NFS file server benchmark has been developed to resolve nhfsstone&apos;s shortcomings and provide new functionality. The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC 3 ) released the System File Server (SFS) Release 1.0 benchmark suite, which contains 097.LADDIS, as an industry-standard file server benchmark in April 1993. This paper describes the major technical issues involved in developing the benchmark and the rationale used to establish default 097.LADDIS workload parameter values. Where appropriate, areas for further research are identified and encouraged. Permission has been granted by the USENIX Association to reprint the above...
Advanced self-aligned DP process development for 22-nm node and beyond (2010)

Although numerical aperture (NA) has been significantly improved to 1.35 by the introduction of water-bases immersion 193-nm exposure tools, the realistic minimum feature size is still limited to 40 nm even with the help of robust resolution enhancement techniques (RETs). Double patterning processes are techniques that can be used for fabricating etching mask patterns for 32-nm nodes and possibly for 22-nm nodes as well. Although several double patterning processes have been introduced such as LELE[1], LLE[2] and the self-aligned spacer process, LELE and LLE suffer from the need for high overlay accuracy. The self-aligned spacer process[3], meanwhile, has drawn much attention as an effective means of forming repetitive patterns easily. This paper presents results of innovative experiments on the fabrication of 22-nm node patterns by the DP spacer process.