gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chargeless spin current for switching and coupling of domain walls in magnetic nanowires (2013)

The demonstration of the generation and control of a pure spin current (without net charge flow) by electric fields and/or temperature gradient has been an essential leap in the quest for low-power consumption electronics. The key issue of whether and how such a current can be utilized to drive and control information stored in magnetic domain walls (DWs) is still outstanding and is addressed here. We demonstrate that pure spin current acts on DWs in a magnetic stripe with an effective spin-transfer torque resulting in a mutual DWs separation dynamics and picosecond magnetization reversal. In addition, long-range ($\sim$ mm) antiferromagnetic DWs coupling emerges. If one DW is pinned by geometric constriction, the spin current induces a dynamical spin orbital interaction that triggers an internal electric field determined by $\vec{E} \sim \hat{e}_{x} \cdot (\vec{n}_{1} \times \vec{n}_{2})$ where $\vec{n}_{1/2}$ are the effective DWs orientations and $\hat{e}_{x} $ is their spatial separation vector. This leads to charge accumulation or persistent electric current in the wire. As DWs are routinely realizable and tuneable, the predicted effects bear genuine potential for power-saving spintronics devices.
Josephson Junctions with Phase Shifts, Stability Analysis of Fractal Fluxons (2006)

In this thesis, the stability of fractional Josephson vortices in Josephson junctions with phase shifts is investigated analytically and numerically. A Josephson junction which is made of two superconductors separated by a thin insulator can have phase shifts in its phase difference due to, e.g., the unconventional symmetry of the superconductors or a pair of current-injectors. In such a system, a magnetic field can be spontaneously generated at the discontinuity points that characterize the position of the phase shifts.
16-bit CMOS/SOS multiplier-accumulator (1982)

A high speed and low power 16-bit parallel multiplier with an accumulator on a chip, which performs 16-bit*16-bit multiplication and accumulation in 60 ns with 65 mw, is described. The LSI uses a modified array scheme to reduce the number of adding stages of partial products, which requires 9 stages for the 16-bit multiplication and 35-bit accumulation with keeping regularity except for the final carry look-ahead circuits. The use of 2.5 mum CMOS/SOS structure contributes to reductions of the power dissipation, chip area (4.2 mm square) and operation time. 8 references.
Ontogeny, compartmentation, and turnover of spectrin isoforms in rat central neurons (1987)

A variant of a principal structural protein of erythrocytes, spectrin, is a major neuronal protein. Here we have examined the subcellular and regional distributions, subunit composition, ontogeny, and metabolism of spectrin in rat CNS. While all subcellular fractions, except the mitochondrial, expressed the previously characterized brain form of spectrin (fodrin, or alpha gamma-spectrin), limited brain regions contained, in cytoplasm, a second isoform immunologically related to erythrocyte alpha beta-spectrin. Both alpha gamma- and alpha beta-spectrin are primarily neuronal, as evidenced by immunocytochemistry. The spectrins are distributed between 2 distinct subneuronal compartments: a membrane-associated domain containing alpha gamma-spectrin in relatively constant amounts across brain regions, and a cytoplasmic domain containing both the alpha gamma and alpha beta isoforms in widely varying amounts across brain regions. Although forebrain has considerable alpha beta-spectrin, the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and brain stem are devoid of this isoform. Further evidence for spectrin compartmentation comes from its ontogeny. Membrane-associated alpha gamma-spectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic alpha beta-spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal week. Similarly, the 4-fold difference in cytoplasmic alpha gamma-spectrin content across brain regions develops during the third postnatal week. In this compartment, both spectrin forms may be metabolized in vivo, at least in part, by calcium-activated proteolysis. The presence in mammalian neurons of 2 spectrin isoforms and their compartmentation into distinct domains suggests multiple functions for neuronal spectrin, one of which may be in the stabilization or maturation of forebrain neurons.
New and combined sensors for adaptive‐rate pacing (1993)

Abstract A new potential indication for cardiac pacing is chronotropic incompetence, that is, an inadequate cardiac rate response to exercise and other metabolic demands. Many patients who have been paced for indications such as complete heart block or sick sinus syndrome also have chronotropic incompetence. Such patients are not adequately treated when fitted with a constant rate pacemaker. Adaptive‐rate pacemakers increase the pacing rate in proportion to signals derived from a biosensor which is sensitive to exertion and possibly to other metabolic requirements. These pacemakers have proven valuable for patients with overt chronotropic incompetence. However, no single sensor/algorithm is ideal and improvement has been sought by introducing new sensors, adjusting the algorithms by which biosensor signals are converted to the most appropriate pacing rate, or by combining sensors in such a way that a composite biosensor signal is derived which bears a close linear relationship with the appropriate heart rate. An example of a new sensor is the accelerometer, which is sensitive to a fuller range of movements than the piezo crystal. A successful new algorithm is the rate augmentation algorithm for use with minute ventilation, which provides a better initial pacing rate response. A combination of minute ventilation sensed by impedance changes and movement sensed with piezo crystals maintains the rapid response from the piezo crystal and overcomes its lack of proportionality. Another successful new combination of sensors is QT sensing from the evoked ventricular potential and motion sensing with a piezo crystal. As yet, these innovations have not been exhaustively tested and shown to confer clinical benefit but the improvements are such that an advantage can be expected.
Community-associated Methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Isolates and Healthcare-Associated Infections1 (2007)

We noted a marked increase in healthcare-associated (HA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections caused by isolates phenotypically consistent with community-associated (CA)-MRSA strains. To study this trend, we retrospectively examined all HA-MRSA isolates from patients in our institution during 1999-2004. An isolate was considered an SCCmecIV phenotype if it had antimicrobial drug susceptibilities consistent with typical CA-MRSA isolates. Our phenotypic definition was validated in a limited subset of isolates by SCCmec genotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. Among 352 patients with HA-MRSA isolates, SCCmecIV phenotype increased from 17% in 1999 to 56% in 2003 (p < 0.0001). Antimicrobial drug-susceptibility phenotype and genotype were consistent in 21 (91%) of 23 isolates. In a multivariate model, the SCCmec type IV phenotype was independently associated with wound culture source, later year of collection, and MRSA isolated earlier during hospitalization. In conclusion, MRSA isolates phenotypically similar to CA strains have become the predominant isolates associated with HA-MRSA in our hospital.
Subchronic oral hepatotoxicity of turmeric in mice--histopathological and ultrastructural studies. (1998)

Dietary administration of the whole spice turmeric (0.2%, 1.0%, 5.0%) or ethanolic turmeric extract (ETE, 0.05%, 0.25%) for 14 days, at doses reported to be cancer preventive in model systems, were found to be hepatotoxic in mice. Histopathological evaluation showed coagulative necrosis accompanied by a zone of regenerating parenchymal cells of liver. The ultrastructural changes in liver parenchymal cells were non-specific reaction to injury. Results suggest mouse to be a susceptible species for turmeric induced toxicity.
Remodelling of cardiac repolarization: how homeostatic responses can lead to arrhythmogenesis (2008)

Cardiac action potentials (APs) are driven by ionic currents flowing through specific channels and exchangers across cardiomyocyte membranes. Once initiated by rapid Na(+) entry during phase 0, the AP time course is determined by the balance between inward depolarizing currents, carried mainly by Na(+) and Ca(2+), and outward repolarizing currents carried mainly by K(+). K(+) currents play a major role in repolarization. The loss of a K(+) current can impair repolarization, but there is a redundancy of K(+) currents so that when one K(+) current is dysfunctional, other K(+) currents increase to compensate, a phenomenon called 'repolarization reserve'. Repolarization reserve protects repolarization under conditions that increase inward current or reduce outward current, threatening the balance that governs AP duration. This protection comes at the expense of reduced repolarization reserve, potentially resulting in unexpectedly large AP prolongation and arrhythmogenesis, when an additional repolarization-suppressing intervention is superimposed. The critical role of appropriate repolarization is such that cardiac rhythm stability can be impaired with either abnormally slow or excessively rapid repolarization. In cardiac disease states such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF), changes in ion channel properties appear as part of an adaptive response to maintain function in the face of disease-related stress on the cardiovascular system. However, if the stress is maintained the adaptive ion channel changes may themselves lead to dysfunction, in particular cardiac arrhythmias. The present article reviews ionic remodelling of cardiac repolarization, and focuses on how potentially adaptive repolarization changes with congestive heart failure and AF can have arrhythmogenic consequences.
Reoptimization of the Organocatalyzed Double Aldol Domino Process to a Key Enal Intermediate and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Δ<sup>12</sup>‐Prostaglandin J<sub>3</sub> (2018)

Re-investigation of the l-proline catalyzed double aldol cascade dimerization of succinaldehyde for the synthesis of a key bicyclic enal intermediate, pertinent in the field of stereoselective prostaglandin synthesis, is reported. The yield of this process has been more than doubled, from 14 % to a 29 % isolated yield on a multi-gram scale (32 % NMR yield), through conducting a detailed study of the reaction solvent, temperature, and concentration, as well as a catalyst screen. The synthetic utility of this enal intermediate has been further demonstrated through the total synthesis of Δ<sup>12</sup> -prostaglandin J<sub>3</sub> , a compound with known anti-leukemic properties.
Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive <scp>N</scp> ‐Heteroannulation of 2‐Nitrostyrenes: Methyl Indole‐4‐Carboxylate (2003)

Abstract Methyl indole‐4‐carboxylate Methyl 2‐methyl‐3‐nitrobenzoate Methyl 2‐bromomethyl‐3‐nitrobenzoate Methyl 2‐ethenyl‐3‐nitrobenzoate Palladium acetate
Update on the Biology of Seasonal Affective Disorder (2005)

The etiology and pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been linked to the seasons and to light since its first conceptualization. Aspects of SAD that make it particularly amenable to biological investigation include the predictable recurrent episodes, the rapid response to a nonpharmacologic treatment, the specific neurovegetative features, and the availability of rich animal models of seasonality. This paper reviews new findings for the major biological hypotheses for SAD, focusing on circadian rhythms, neurotransmitters, and molecular genetics. Integrative issues and future directions for the study of SAD, including the heuristic value of a dual-vulnerability hypothesis that conceptualizes seasonality as a dimensional construct and the importance of studying endophenotypes, will be discussed.
Statistical and trend analysis of water quality and quantity data for the Strymon River in Greece (2001)

Abstract. Strymon is a transboundary river of Greece, Bulgaria and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) in southeastern Europe. Water quality parameters and the discharge have been monitored each month just 10 km downstream of the river’s entry into Greece. The data of nine water quality variables (T, ECw, DO, SO42-, Na++K+, Mg2+ , Ca2+, NO3‾, TP) and the discharge for the period 1980-1997 were selected for this analysis. In this paper a) the time series of monthly values of water quality parameters and the discharge were analysed using statistical methods, b) the existence of trends and the evaluation of the best fitted models were performed and c) the relationships between concentration and loads of constituents both with the discharge were also examined. Boxplots for summarising the distribution of a data set were used. The &amp;#9672-test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to select the theoretical distribution which best fitted the data. Simple regression was used to examine the concentration-discharge and the load-discharge relationships. According to the correlation coefficient (r) values the relation between concentrations and discharge is weak (r< 0.592) while the relation between loads and discharge is very strong (r > 0.902). Trends were detected using the nonparametric Spearman’s criterion upon the data for the variables: Q, ECw, DO, SO42-, Na++K+ and NO3‾ on which temporal trend analysis was performed. Keywords: Strymon river, water quality, discharge, concentration, load, statistics, trends
Viperin Is Highly Induced in Neutrophils and Macrophages during Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection (2010)

Although most cells are thought to respond to IFNs, there is limited information regarding specific cells that respond in vivo. Viperin is an IFN-induced antiviral protein and, therefore, is an excellent marker for IFN-responsive cells. In this study, we analyzed viperin expression in vivo during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong infection, which induces high levels of type I IFNs, and in persistently infected lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus carrier mice, which contain low levels of type I IFNs. Viperin was induced in lymphoid cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during acute infection and highly induced in neutrophils and macrophages. The expression kinetics in neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells paralleled IFN-alpha levels, but DCs expressed viperin with delayed kinetics. In carrier mice, viperin was expressed in neutrophils and macrophages but not in T and B cells or DCs. For acutely infected and carrier mice, viperin expression was IFN dependent, because treating type I IFNR knockout mice with IFN-gamma-neutralizing Abs inhibited viperin expression. Viperin localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet-like vesicles in neutrophils. These findings delineate the kinetics and cells responding to IFNs in vivo and suggest that the profile of IFN-responsive cells changes in chronic infections. Furthermore, these data suggest that viperin may contribute to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils.
Mechanisms of active transport in isolated bacterial membrane vesicles. 28. Membrane potential and active transport in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of active transport in isolated bacterial membrane vesicles. 28. Membrane potential and active transport in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coliShimon Schuldiner and H. Ronald KabackCite this: Biochemistry 1975, 14, 25, 5451–5461Publication Date (Print):December 16, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00696a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00696a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Timing of Erythropoietin Treatment for Cardioprotection in Ischemia/Reperfusion (2004)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone known to stimulate hematopoiesis. However, recent research suggests additional properties of EPO, such as protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in various tissues. We studied the effect of timing of EPO administration on cardioprotection during I/R in the heart. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 minutes of coronary occlusion, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Animals were randomized to receive saline or single dose of EPO (5,000 IU/kg) either 2 hours before I/R, at the start of ischemia, or after the onset of reperfusion. The ratio of infarct area/area at risk (planimetry), left ventricular (LV) function (pressure development), and apoptosis (number of active caspase-3 positive cells) were determined after 24-hour reperfusion. Administration of EPO during different time points resulted in a 19 to 23% (P < 0.05) reduction in the infarct area/area at risk, which was accompanied by a trend toward better LV hemodynamic parameters. Apoptosis was significantly attenuated in groups treated with EPO at the start of ischemia (29% reduction) and after the onset of reperfusion (38%), and to a lesser extent (16%) in the group pre-treated with EPO. Thus, in vivo administration of EPO at different time points protects the myocardial structure and preserves cardiac function during I/R. Cardioprotective effect of EPO is associated with inhibition of apoptosis.
Ophthalmoplegia in an adult with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (1997)

The authors present a 75-year-old patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and ophthalmoplegia. The patient had recurrent exacerbations and remissions of her polyneuropathy over the course of one year. Antibodies to ganglioside GM-I were not detected. Ophthalmoplegia in CIDP is uncommon, but is reported to occur in 3-8% of patients. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the association of CIDP and ophthalmoplegia.
A single-bit-line cross-point cell activation (SCPA) architecture for ultra-low-power SRAM's (1993)

This paper describes a single-bit-line cross-point cell activation (SCPA) architecture, which has been developed to reduce active power consumption and to avoid increase in the size of high-density SRAM chips, such as 16-Mb SRAM's and beyond. A new PMOS precharging boost circuit, introduced to realize the single-bit-line structure, is also discussed. This circuit is suitable for operation under low-voltage power supply conditions. The SCPA architecture with the new word-line boost circuit is demonstrated with the experimental device, which is fabricated by a 0.4- mu m CMOS wafer process technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Encryption as an Effective Tool in Reducing Wireless LAN Vulnerabilities (2008)

The security of wireless LANs has been a source of concern for businesses and individuals who are aware of its advantages due to its flexibility. With the increase in the use of wireless LANs for enterprises and homes, where information assets are shared continually, security is of the essence. With the increase in e- commerce and e-services, there is the risk of identity and credit card theft. Encryption is seen as a major tool in the line of defense of wireless LANs. This article discusses the various security protocols used in wireless LANs and how effective they are in keeping wireless LANs secure. The risks of using these protocols are outlined and recommendations for securing wireless LANs are reviewed.
Characterization of Developmental Pathway of Natural Killer Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2007)

In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is often used to study hematopoiesis. However, the differentiation pathway of lymphocytes, in particular natural killer (NK) cells, from ES cells is still unclear. Here, we used a multi-step in vitro ES cell differentiation system to study lymphocyte development from ES cells, and to characterize NK developmental intermediates. We generated embryoid bodies (EBs) from ES cells, isolated CD34(+) EB cells and cultured them on OP9 stroma with a cocktail of cytokines to generate cells we termed ES-derived hematopoietic progenitors (ES-HPs). EB cell subsets, as well as ES-HPs derived from EBs, were tested for NK, T, B and myeloid lineage potentials using lineage specific cultures. ES-HPs derived from CD34(+) EBs differentiated into NK cells when cultured on OP9 stroma with IL-2 and IL-15, and into T cells on Delta-like 1-transduced OP9 (OP9-DL1) with IL-7 and Flt3-L. Among CD34(+) EB cells, NK and T cell potentials were detected in a CD45(-) subset, whereas CD45(+) EB cells had myeloid but not lymphoid potentials. Limiting dilution analysis of ES-HPs generated from CD34(+)CD45(-) EB cells showed that CD45(+)Mac-1(-)Ter119(-) ES-HPs are highly enriched for NK progenitors, but they also have T, B and myeloid potentials. We concluded that CD45(-)CD34(+) EB cells have lymphoid potential, and they differentiate into more mature CD45(+)Lin(-) hematopoietic progenitors that have lymphoid and myeloid potential. NK progenitors among ES-HPs are CD122(-) and they rapidly acquire CD122 as they differentiate along the NK lineage.
Generation Of XUV Light By Resonant Frequency Tripling In A Two-wiggler FEL Amplifier (2005)

FEL operation at short wavelengths is limited by electron-beam quality, by the availability of mirrors for oscillators and by the availability of input sources for FEL amplifiers. It is possible to use an FEL amplifier as a resonant-frequency tripling device, generating light and strong bunching at the third harmonic of a conventional input source in an initial wiggler section, then using a second wiggler section resonant at the tripled frequency to amplify the short-wavelength light. Neither mirrors nor a short-wavelength input source are required, and some relaxation of the electron-beam quality appears to be possible. We illustrate the scheme with a one-dimensional model and then with NUTMEG simulations of an 80 nm FEL amplifier initiated by a 240 nm input signal, in which an efficiency of the electron-beam power conversion to 80 nm light of nearly 10/sup -4/ was obtained.