gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric liquid crystals - fundamentals, and possibilities for applications (1980)

Abstract A combination of simple symmetry properties predicts that smectic C liquid crystals composed of cbiral molecules should be ferroelectric. A number of experiments have confirmed this, and various properties of these materials have been determined. These will be reviewed. Because of their very large electrooptical response, these materials are potential candidates for display applications. However, special problems are presented by their unusual mechanical properties. The fundamental electrooptical properties, some simple display configurations, and the associated problems will be discussed.
Ruby: A Robotic Platform for Real-time Social Interaction (2004)

The majority of our waking hours are spent engaging in social interactions. Some of these interactions occur at the level of long-term strategic planning while others\ntake place at faster time scales, such as in conversations or card games. The abilityto perceive subtle gestural, postural, and facial cues, in addition to verbal language,\nin real-time is a critical component. An understanding of the underlying perceptual\nprimitives that support this kind of real-time social cognition is key to understanding\nsocial development.\nRobots present an ideal opportunity to study the development of social interaction\nin infants [Fasel,Deak,Triesch,Movellan 2002]. It is possible to create robots that\nexhibit precisely controlled contingency structures. By observing how infants interact\nwith these robots we gain an opportunity to understand how infants identify the\noperating characteristics of the social agents with whom they interact.\nWe have recently developed a social interaction robot, "Ruby", designed to communicate\nwith children. Ruby is endowed with the following real-time perceptual\nprimitives to facilitate social interaction: face tracking, motor control and speech\ndetection. It communicates via head and eye movements and we have recently run\npilot studies indicating that Ruby is fun and non-threatening to children.\nRuby's face tracking system consist of 3 cues taken from 3 inputs. The first 2 inputs\nare high-resolution pan-tilt-zoom color cameras which are the "eyes". The third\ninput is an omni-directional camera acting as Ruby's peripheral vision. Each eye\nuses the MPLab's contrast-feature based frontal face finder [Fasel et al CVIU2004]\nand adaptive color-based tracker [Ishiguro et al 2003] [Hershey et al CVPR2004].\nRuby combines both of these to find both frontal and rotated faces at more than\n30 frames per second. Ruby's motor control system currently has 3 components;\nneck control, eye control, and control of external objects for experiments. Ruby\nalso features speech detection [Pellom 2004] and response with variable delay parameters.\nWe are now adding eye and eye-blink detection[Fasel et al CVIU2004],\nexpression recognition[Littlewort-Ford, Bartlett et al 2004], recognition of common\ncommunicative words in English, arm movements, finger pointing, and touch sensors.\nWe hope to use Ruby to collect and analyze data on social interaction and contingency\nand on the development of social interaction in infants.
Performance Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System. (2007)

(OFDM) is gaining popularity for high data rate communication systems. We propose the use of adaptive beamforming for interference rejection in OFDM systems, due to its advantages over equalization. An adaptive beamformer uses the concept of spatial filtering to direct the antenna beam towards the desired signal/transmitter and place a null towards the interfering signal. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) at the receiver end of an OFDM system enables the use of frequency domain beamforming to reduce narrow band interference individually across all the subcarriers. We implemented both decision directed and blind algorithms. Use of these algorithms reduced the Bit Error Rate (BER) to a great extent. The performance analysis for Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) for hundred OFDM symbols and five hundred and twelve subcarriers, four hundred and is provided.
An expert system for radio mobile network monitoring (2002)

An expert system for continuous monitoring and central supervision of the Italian 450-MHz radio mobile network is described. The system, named ERMAS (Expert Radio Mobile Assistance System), is a real-time interactive monitoring expert system. It has been designed and installed in all radio mobile centers to facilitate and improve the monitoring of alarms from different center maintenance sections. The system controls and manages the entire network from a national supervision center. This center receives synthesized data from radio mobile centers and shows them on a graphic screen.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fundamental difference between the two Hall thruster variants (2001)

The fundamental difference between the two variants of Hall thrusters, the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) and the thruster with anode layer (TAL), is illustrated quantitatively using an analytical model that accounts for the effects of secondary electron emission (SEE) from the walls. The model includes a prescription for the quenching of the temperature of the electrons on their way to the anode which results from the enhanced electron energy losses to the wall that occur at, and upstream of, an axial location where the wall potential reverses from electron attracting to electron repellent. For the higher SEE coefficient of an insulator wall (compared to that of a metallic one) this sign reversal occurs at a lower electron temperature and is shown to lead to a more extended acceleration region due to the resulting relaxation of the potential gradient required to balance the electron pressure gradient. By replacing the boron nitride walls (SPT) of an idealized Hall thruster with stainless steel (TAL), the acceleration zone is shown analytically to collapse to a region near the anode having an extent that is about eight times smaller than that for the SPT. The results are used to construct a detailed phenomenological picture of the fundamental difference between the two Hall thruster variants.
Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times (1990)

Abstract This comprehensive history traces the development of mathematical ideas and the careers of the men responsible for them. Volume 1 looks at the discipline's origins in Babylon and Egypt, the creation of geometry and trigonometry by the Greeks, and the role of mathematics in the medieval and early modern periods. Volume 2 focuses on calculus, the rise of analysis in the nineteenth century, and the number theories of Dedekind and Dirichlet. The concluding volume covers the revival of projective geometry, the emergence of abstract algebra, the beginnings of topology, and the influence of Gödel on recent mathematical study.
Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial activities of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits and Leaves (2017)

<p>This study aimed to investigate total phenolic content (TPC) and antibacterial activities of different extracts recovered from Date Palm fruit and leaves using various solvents, including methanol, ethanol and water. The results showed that the highest phenolic content was found in Leaf Methanol extract, followed by Leaf Ethanol extract, and then followed by Seed Methanol extract (74.4 mg/g, 67.3 mg/g, and 64.7 mg/g respectively). Whereas, the date methanol extract had the lowest phenolic content (5 mg/g). The study was also scrutinized to find the antibacterial inhibitory property in the leaves and fruits of date palm against four bacterial species (<em>E.coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>) by using the well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Date leaves extracts showed inhibitory effect on the growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureu</em>s and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and resistance to <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>E.coli</em>. MIC of methanol and ethanol (70%) leaves extract were 100 mg/ml and 250mg/ml for <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em> respectively, however, all the bacteria have resistance to date fruits extracts.</p>
Technetium Complexes of a Hydrazinonicotinamide-Conjugated Cyclic Peptide and 2-Hydrazinopyridine:  Synthesis and Characterization (1999)

Ternary ligand technetium complexes of a hydrazinonicotinamide-conjugated cyclic peptide (HYNICtide: cyclo(D-Val-NMeArg-Gly-Asp-Mamb(5-(6-(6-hydrazinonicotinamido)hexanamide)))) and 2-hydrazinopyridine (HYPY) were prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The HPLC concordance experiments for (99m)Tc and (99)Tc analogues show clearly that the same complexes are prepared on the no-carrier-added ((99m)Tc) and the carrier-added ((99)Tc) levels. Using a chirality experiment, it was demonstrated that the presence of two radiometric peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of RP444, RP445, and RP446 is due to the resolution of diastereomers, which result from the presence of chiral cyclic peptide and the formation of two enantiomers of the technetium chelate. In a ligand challenge experiment, we found that the high solution stability of these ternary ligand [(99m)Tc]HYNICtide complexes is due to their kinetic inertness. The 1:1:1:1 composition for Tc:HYNICtide:L:tricine (L = TPPTS, TPPDS, and TPPMS) in these ternary ligand [(99)Tc]HYNICtide complexes is confirmed by (1)H NMR and FAB mass spectral data and is completely consistent with that determined on the tracer ((99m)Tc) level. In addition, the IC(50) values of RP444, RP445, and RP446 and the two isomeric forms of RP444 were determined using a platelet IIb/IIIa binding assay. Both isomeric forms of RP444 were found to have the same binding affinity (IC(50) = 13 +/- 2 nM). Complexes [(99)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2)] and [(99)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(tricine)] were isolated from the reaction of HYPY with [n-Bu(4)N][TcOCl(4)(-)] in the presence of excess tricine and triphenylphosphine. [(99)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(tricine)] serves as a model for ternary ligand [(99m)Tc]HYNICtide complexes. Both complexes have been characterized by HPLC, spectroscopic (IR, NMR, and FAB-MS) methods, and elemental analysis. The HPLC concordance for complexes [(99m)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(tricine)] and [(99)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(tricine)] shows that the two complexes are identical. The NMR ((1)H and (13)C) data suggests that the complex [(99)Tc(HYPY)(PPh(3))(tricine)] have an octahedral coordination geometry with a monodentate diazenido HYPY, a tetradentate tricine, and a monodentate triphenylphosphine coligand.
Structural differences in the heavy chains of rat ventricular myosin isoenzymes (1979)

Indicator-dilution methods are widely used by many medical imaging techniques and by dye-, lithium-, and thermodilution measurements. The measured indicator dilution curves are typically fitted by a mathematical model to estimate the hemodynamic parameters of interest. This paper presents a new maximum-likelihood algorithm for parameter estimation, where indicator dilution curves are considered as the histogram of underlying transit-time distribution. Apart from a general description of the algorithm, semi-analytical solutions are provided for three well-known indicator dilution models. An adaptation of the algorithm is also introduced to cope with indicator recirculation. In simulations as well as in experimental data obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, the proposed algorithm shows a superior parameter estimation accuracy over nonlinear least-squares regression. The feasibility of the algorithm for use in vivo is evaluated using dynamic contrastenhanced ultrasound recordings obtained with the purpose of prostate cancer detection. The proposed algorithm shows an improved ability (increase in receiver-operating-characteristic curve area of up to 0.13) with respect to existing methods to differentiate between healthy tissue and cancer.
CD154 Is Essential for Protective Immunity in Experimental <i>Salmonella</i> Infection: Evidence for a Dual Role in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses (2006)

CD40-CD154 interactions are of central importance in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses. In the present study, CD154-deficient (CD154-/-) mice were used to assess the role of CD40-CD154 interactions in regulating the immune response to a systemic Salmonella infection. Compared with C57BL/6 (CD154+/+) controls, CD154-/- mice were hypersusceptible to infection by an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), as evidenced by decreased survival rate and mean time to death, which correlated with increased bacterial burden and persistence in target organs. CD154-/- mice exhibited a defect both in the production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and NO during the acute phase of the disease and in the generation of Salmonella-specific Ab responses and Ig isotype switching. Furthermore, when CD154-/- animals were administered a sublethal dose of attenuated S. typhimurium and subsequently challenged with a virulent homologous strain, all mice succumbed to an overwhelming infection. Similar treatment of CD154+/+ mice consistently resulted in > or =90% protection. The lack of protective immunity in CD154-/- mice correlated with a decreased T cell recall response to Salmonella Ags. Significant protection against virulent challenge was conferred to presensitized CD154-/- mice by transfer of serum or T cells from immunized CD154+/+ mice. For best protection, however, a combination of immune serum and T cells was required. We conclude that intercellular communications via the CD40-CD154 pathway play a critical role in the induction of type 1 cytokine responses, memory T cell generation, Ab formation, and protection against primary as well as secondary Salmonella infections.
Graft Polymerization of Silicone Macromer onto Chlorinated Polyethylene Having Acrylic Acid Pendants. (1993)

塩素化ポリエチレン (CPE) 中の塩素を1, 8-ジアザビシクロ [5, 4.0] -7-ウンデセンを用いてアクリル酸 (AA) と置換して, 置換度3.9のアクリル酸置換塩素化ポリエチレン (CPE-AA) を合成した. このCPE-AAにアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを開始剤として, シリコンマクロマー (McDMS4, MW=430, McDMS10, MW=1000) のグラフト重合を行った. マクロマーの分子量が大きくなると, グラフト率, グラフト効率ともに低下した. 未置換CPEではグラフト化はほとんど起こらなかった.
Approximate shortest path on a polyhedral surface based on selective refinement of the discrete graph and its applications (2000)

A new algorithm is proposed for calculating the approximate shortest path on a polyhedral surface. The method mainly uses Dijkstra's algorithm and is based on selective refinement of the discrete graph of a polyhedron. Although the algorithm is an approximation, it has the significant advantages of being fast, easy to implement, high approximation accuracy, and numerically robust. The approximation accuracy and computation time are compared between this approximation algorithm and the extended Chen and Han (1990) (ECH) algorithm that can calculate the exact shortest path for non-convex polyhedra. The approximation algorithm can calculate shortest paths within 0.4% accuracy to roughly 100-1000 times faster than the ECH algorithm in our examples. Two applications are discussed of the approximation algorithm to geometric modeling.
Nucleation and Particle Growth Processes Involved in the Preparation of Silica-Supported Nickel Materials by a Two-Step Procedure (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleation and Particle Growth Processes Involved in the Preparation of Silica-Supported Nickel Materials by a Two-Step ProcedureMichel Che, Zheng Xing Cheng, and Catherine LouisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7, 2008–2018Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00112a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00112a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvements of volume computation from nonparallel cross-sections (2004)

We describe an algorithm for volume evaluation of a 3D object from area measurements done in non-parallel cross-sections. The algorithm is based on Watanabe formula for volume computation and uses an interpolation by cubic splines. The same splines are applied also for computation of object area and centroid in every cross-section. It allowed us to derive an explicit formula for volume computation and to extend the algorithm described in GM Treece, et al. (1999).
Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells (2006)

Along with existing and emerging use of nanoscale materials, growing concerns have arisen about their unintentional health and environmental impact. The objective of the ongoing study was to assess the toxicity profile of metal oxide nanoparticles proposed for use in industrial production methodology. Metal oxide nanoparticles used in this study included TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4, Al2O3, and CrO3 with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 45 nm. Cellular morphology, mitochondrial function, membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), permeability of plasma membrane, and apoptosis were assessed under controlled and exposed conditions (2 to 72 h of exposure). The microscopic studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-exposed Neuro-2A cells (especially ZnO) at doses >100 microg/mL became abnormal in size, displaying cellular shrinkage, and detachment from the surface of flasks. Mitochondrial function decreased significantly in the cells exposed to ZnO at 50 to 100 microg/mL. However, Fe3O4, Al2O3, and TiO2 had no measurable effect on the cells until the concentrations reached greater than 200 microg/mL. LDH leakage significantly increased in the cells exposed to ZnO (50 to 100 microg/mL), while other nanoparticles tested displayed LDH leakage only at higher doses (>200 microg/mL). Flow cytometer tests showed that apoptosis took place in cells exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. More cells became necrotic as the concentrations increased.
Estimation of the residual capacity of sealed lead-acid batteries by neural network (2002)

This paper presents a method for estimating the remaining capacity of sealed type lead-acid batteries. The approach can be divided into three parts, first a survey on battery properties over a long period of time was conducted. This data was used in the second phase to train a feedforward neural network. Finally, the third phase tested the accuracy of prediction of this network using real data. It was found that using this method, a maximum error of prediction of 10% and an average mean error of 3% could be obtained.
Development of ionized cluster beam source for practical use (1990)

Low-energy ion bombardment during film growth can significantly modify film properties. The practical advantages of using an ionized cluster beam (ICB) include reduced damages and high deposition rates at low temperature. The design and the characteristics of the ICB source are described. The ionized cluster trajectories and the potential profiles were numerically calculated in order to optimize the design. The ionization chamber has restrictive electrodes to enhance the ionization probability in the low cluster density region near the anode. With these electrodes, the source provides uniform ion current densities up to 30 μA/cm2 at voltages ranging from 200 to 8000 V over a 127 mm diam substrate at a distance of 300 mm from the source. The ICB source can operate over a wide temperature range up to 2000 °C. Deposition rates up to 120 nm/min are obtained for Ti, Si, and Cu. The source has successfully operated for more than 100 h in several industrial applications.
A Study on Impact Monitoring Using a Piezoelectric Paint Sensor (2015)

압전 페인트 센서는 압전 세라믹의 주성분인 압전 파우더와 에폭시의 결합으로 이루어진 페인트형 센서이다. 이 센서는 일반 페인트와 같이 구조물에 도포되기 때문에 다른 어느 센서보다 구조물에 부착이 용이하다. 본 연구에서는 압전 페인트센서가 도포된 구조물의 충격 감지 정도를 판단하고자 하였다. 특히, 철도차량을 대상으로 연구를 진행하고자 하였다. 철도차량 운용 중에 발생하는 자갈 비산으로 인해 발생하는 충격손상이 많이 보고되고 있고, 이러한 충격손상을 방지하고자 차량 하부구조물 전체 표면에 발생하는 충격신호를 실시간으로 감지할 필요가 있다. 철도차량이 운행되는 환경을 고려하여 압전 페인트시편을 <TEX>$-20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$</TEX>의 열사이클 환경에 노출시켜 센서의 감도 변화를 측정하였다. 알루미늄 시편에 압전 페인트센서를 도포하여 감도 측정을 수행한 결과, 열사이클 환경 전후에 감도 차이가 크지 않음을 확인하였고 이를 통해 환경 노출 후에도 압전 페인트센서로 충격 감지가 가능함을 확인하였다. The piezoelectric paint sensor is a paint type sensor comprising of an epoxy and piezoelectric powder, which is the main component of a piezoelectric material. This sensor can be easily attached to any type of structure as compared to other sensors because it is viable to directly apply it on structures, as in the case with a typical paint. In this study, the capability of piezoelectric paint sensor for impact detection was evaluated. In Particular, the applications of the piezoelectric paint sensor for railroad vehicles were considered. There have been various cases reported about the damages caused by flying gravel to the under-cover of the railroad vehicle during operation. In order to prevent this, real-time monitoring of the large under-cover surface of the railroad vehicle is unavoidable. Under the assumption of vehicle application, sensor sensitivities were measured after multiple and prolonged exposure to thermal cycle environment <TEX>$-20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$</TEX>). Sensitivity evaluation of paint sensor under environmental conditions was conducted in an aluminum specimen. In results, despite the small variations in sensitivity, we could confirm the applicability of this paint sensor for impact detection even after a severe environmental exposure test.
Re-evaluating Automatic Metrics for Image Captioning (2017)

Mert Kilickaya, Aykut Erdem, Nazli Ikizler-Cinbis, Erkut Erdem. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers. 2017.
Improvement on Hybrid SNCR-SCR Process for NO Control: a Bench Scale Experiment (2006)

The reducing agent [ammonia (NH3)] injection procedure was improved for the hybrid process of selective non-catalytic reduction followed by selective catalytic reduction (hybrid SNCR-SCR) to remove nitric oxide (NO) through a bench-scale experiment. Instead of injecting all of the NH3 from the SNCR inlet, part of it was injected from the SNCR inlet and part from the SCR inlet, to react with NO in the flue gas. The experiment resulted in the significant reduction of NO. The effects of the operational conditions such as the SNCR reaction temperature, the SCR reaction temperature, and the initial concentration ratio of NH3 to NO were also investigated. Under the initial NO concentration of 300 ppm (dry, 6%O2), the space velocities of SNCR 5100-6300 hr-1 , the space velocities of SCR 7100-10000 hr-1 , and with the initial concentration ratios of NH3 to NO 1.0-1.5, the best operational temperatures were discovered to be SNCR reaction of 850°C and SCR reaction of 350°C for the improved hybrid SNCR-SCR process. In addition, a correlation equation has been developed of the maximum NO reduction under the above bestoperational temperatures for the hybrid SNCR-SCR process, and closely fits with the experiment results.