gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemical reactions of oxalatobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) and related complexes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactions of oxalatobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) and related complexesDaniel M. Blake and Carl J. NymanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 18, 5359–5364Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00721a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00721a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gender role and irritable bowel syndrome: literature review and hypothesis (2000)

Studies examining the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) consistently show that women outnumber men in both patient and nonpatient populations. However, because IBS does affect both women and men, it is important to examine and to understand gender similarities and differences in the expression of this complex disorder. Studies that have explored gender differences have focused their investigations on prevalence and health seeking behavior, physical and psychological symptomotology, and abuse history. This article reviews and summarizes the findings from those studies. As well, whereas the literature examining differences between men and women with IBS has focused on distinctions based on the biological sex of study participants, this article offers an alternate approach to the exploration of gender differences. The concept of gender role, defined as generalizations about appropriate male and female traits that are associated with masculinity and femininity, may further our understanding of IBS in both women and men.
A novel approach for heavy metal poisoning treatment, a model. Mercury poisoning by means of chelating microspheres: hemoperfusion and oral administration (1981)

The chelating drugs BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and penicillamine (2-amino-3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoic acid), which are used for metal poisoning, are toxic and there is a real need for alternatives, especially for severe cases. A novel approach for treatment of heavy-metal poisoning is under investigation in our group. The approach utilizes the synthesis of chelating microspheres specific for the desired metallic compound. The microspheres are suggested for use in severe cases by means of hemoperfusion, as a first aid, and then by oral administration. As a model this approach was tried for mercury poisoning. Polymercaptal microspheres of 0.8 micrometer average size were synthesized. The microspheres have a high surface area, have a high affinity toward organic and inorganic mercury compounds, and can compete easily with albumin and cysteine in the ability to bind mercury compounds. These microspheres also were encapsulated with agarose--a blood compatible polymer--and were tried successfully for plasma perfusion (in 10 min, 40% of CH3HgCl and of HgCl2 were removed from 20 ppm of poisoned plasma).
Soil‐moisture conditions and phenomena in frozen soils (1942)

In this article we shall discuss briefly some of the general characteristics of observations in laboratory and field related to freezing of soil‐moisture. We shall also consider the basic thermodynamic theory requisite to an interpretation of these observations in relation to the movement of moisture associated with frozen soils.
An optimum microphone array post-filter for speech applications (2006)

This paper proposes a post-filtering estimation scheme for multichannel noise reduction. The proposed method extends and improves the existing Zelinski’s and, the most general and prominent, McCowan’s post-filtering methods that use the auto- and crossspectral densities of the multichannel input signals to estimate the transfer function of the Wiener post-filter. A major drawback of these two speech enhancement algorithms is that the noise power spectrum at the beamformer’s output is over-estimated and therefore the derived filters are sub-optimal in the Wiener sense. The proposed method deals with this problem and can be considered as an optimal post-filter that is appropriate for a wide variety of different noise fields. In experiments over real-noise multichannel recordings, the proposed technique is shown to obtain a significant headstart over the other methods in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and speech degradation measures. In addition it is used for ASR experiments where promising preliminary results are presented. Index Terms: Speech enhancement, microphone array, post-filter, complex coherence, speech recognition.
Total synthesis of spatol and other spatane diterpenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of spatol and other spatane diterpenesRobert G. Salomon, Basudeb Basu, Subhas Roy, and Navzer D. SachinvalaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 3096–3106Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views846Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Neural Network Controller for Variable‐Speed Variable‐Pitch Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Generalized Minimum Entropy Criterion (2014)

This paper considers the neural network controller design problem for variable pitch wind energy conversion systems (WECS) with non‐Gaussian wind speed disturbances in the stochastic distribution control framework. The approach here is used to directly model the unknown control law based on a fixed neural network (the number of layers and nodes in a neural network is fixed) without the need to construct a separate model for the WECS. In order to characterize the randomness of the WECS, a generalized minimum entropy criterion is established to train connection weights of the neural network. For the train purpose, both kernel density estimation method and sliding window technique are adopted to estimate the PDF of tracking error and entropies. Due to the unknown process dynamics, the gradient of the objective function in a gradient‐descent‐type algorithm is estimated using an incremental perturbation method. The proposed approach is illustrated on a simulated WECS with non‐Gaussian wind speed.
Electrocatalysis with a glucose-oxidase-immobilized graphite electrode. (1984)

Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of a graphite electrode by irreversible adsorption. Anelectrocatalytic steady-state current for the oxidation of D-glucose was observed using this electrode in the presence of p-benzoquinone as an electron transfer mediator. The electrocatalytic current at 0.5 V vs. SCEwas analyzed as a function of the concentrations of dglucose and p-benzoquinone, and the maximum current, Imaxs, and the Michaelis constants (K1 and K2 for D-glucose and p-benzoquinone, respectively) of the electrocatalysis were determined. The dependence of the current on the electrode potential, pH, and temperature was also investigated. The results indicate that the kinetics of the immobilized enzyme are essentially the same as those of the enzyme in the solubilized state. The effect of various electron transfer mediators on the electrocatalytic current was also examined and evaluated in terms of Imaxs, K1, and K2 values.
Functional characterization and receptor binding studies of the malic enzyme thyroid hormone response element. (1991)

We previously showed that the 5"flanking region of the malic enzyme (ME) gene contains a cis-regulatory element (-281 to -261) that binds thyroid hormone receptors and confers triiodothyronine (T3) inducibility of transcription to the ME promoter (Petty, K.
Maximum Likelihood SNR estimation for asynchronously oversampled OFDM signals (2008)

In certain OFDM-based communication systems for which data demodulation is not the final goal, it is often of interest to estimate the signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) from observed samples that are taken asynchronously. Examples include link quality monitoring in broadcast repeaters and spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. We examine the structure of the Maximum Likelihood estimate for this problem and propose an iterative method for its computation. The resulting estimate, based on the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) of the data vector, is well behaved and robust to multipath. The computationally intensive KLT can be substituted by the more efficient FFT, asymptotically achieving the same performance.
A Simple and Efficient Green Method for the Deprotection of N-Boc in Various Structurally Diverse Amines under Water-mediated Catalyst-free Conditions (2012)

A simple, efficient and eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the deprotection of N-Boc on structurally diverse amines. Selective removal of N-Boc groups was achieved with excellent yields using water around reflux temperatures. In the absence of any additional reagents, this method represents a reasonable alternative to previously reported deprotection procedures.
Minoxidil inhibits ocular cell proliferation and lysyl hydroxylase activity. (1993)

Minoxidil may be a useful drug for the treatment of conditions such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and bleb scarring after trabeculectomy, disorders with unwanted cell proliferation and collagen production.
Restriction of Output and Social Cleavage in Industry (1946)

During the crisis of World War II restriction of output became a matter of national concern; the drive for production caused much attention to be focused upon all practices limiting industrial output, but no practice was more thoroughly condemned than regulated holding of production. Becoming aware that workers do not always produce to full capacity, the general public accused those not doing so of being unpatriotic, of tralling down on the job. With the ending of the war, restriction of output has been dropped from the editorial pages of the newspapers, but to students of factory social organization certain implications of the practice are of continuing importance.
Efficient Radiation from an Electrically Small Antenna (2000)

Abstract : Applying the analytic technique, two antenna designs were found for which the radiation Q was below the limit determined by Chu for electrically small antennas. The simplest design is a turnstile antenna comprised of two perpendicularly oriented collocated electric dipoles that are phased to support circular polarization, for which the radiation Q is slightly less than a single electric dipole. The most intriguing antenna design consists of four spatially collocated equal power dipoles, a magnetic and electric dipole moment pair oriented along the x-axis, with the dipole pairs driven /2 out of phase to support circular polarization. For this source the analytically predicted radiation Q is zero independently of the relative electrical size ka of the antenna, where a is the radius of the smallest virtual sphere that circumscribes the antenna and k is the wave-number of radiation.
Recovering DNA and Optimizing PCR Conditions from Microdissected Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Materials (2000)

Microdissection is a powerful technique in molecular pathology and genetic investigations. To detect genetic alterations such as gene mutation or deletion from tumor specimen, the purity of target cells is extremely critical. Unwanted cell contamination will dramatically dilute the detectable level of the abnormality. The major obstacle in clinical research is to obtain sufficient and qualified DNA from a small amount of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded materials. We have successfully modified our previous protocols and overcome the difficulties of recovery of DNA. After these modifications, almost every single formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimen has been successfully amplified in the required DNA region.
New SFA Techniques for Studying Surface Forces and Thin Film Patterns Induced by Electric Fields (2007)

We describe two ways to measure normal and/or lateral forces between two surfaces in a surface forces apparatus (SFA) while an electric field is applied between the surfaces. The first method involves depositing thin conductive layers on the exposed substrate (usually mica) sheets; the second involves using the optically reflecting silver layers on the back surfaces of the sheets as the electrodes. Two types of experiments were performed using these new techniques: (1) measuring the effects of an electric field on the rheology of an approximately 40-microm-thick film of zeolite particles suspended in silicone oil and (2) a dynamic study of electric field-induced pattern formation of a thin polymer film. In the first study, under an electric field of strength approximately 106 V/m the shear force or effective viscosity of the colloid suspension was found to be two orders of magnitude higher than in the absence of the field, when the expected bulk value was measured. In the dynamic study, the initially uniform film transformed into a 2-D honeycombed network of depressed cells bounded by elevated ridges that grew slowly with time in a way consistent with previously derived theories. The new techniques should be applicable to studies of other systems and interactions, such as double-layer forces, micro- and nanoelectrorheology, electric field-induced ordering of particles, and the effects of electric fields on adhesion, friction, and lubrication.
Modulation of <i>In Vitro</i> Angiogenesis in a Three-Dimensional Spheroidal Coculture Model for Bone Tissue Engineering (2004)

One of the major challenges in tissue engineering of bone substitutes remains vascularization of the transplant. We have developed a three-dimensional collagen-based coculture system to assess interactions between human endothelial cells (hECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) in vitro. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were grown as three-dimensional multicellular spheroids and seeded in a collagen matrix to assess sprouting of the spheroids, that is, formation of tubelike structures resembling early capillaries. Direct cell contact between hOBs and HUVECs was established by incorporating hOBs into the EC spheroids, thus forming heterogeneous cospheroids. Spatial organization of cospheroids and sprout configuration were assessed by immunohistochemical wholemount staining techniques and confocal laser microscopy. Cumulative sprout length of spheroids was quantitatively analyzed by digital imaging planimetry. In this model HUVECs and hOBs formed heterogeneous cospheroids with distinct spatial organization. The ability of HUVEC spheroids to form tubelike structures on angiogenic stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor was suppressed in heterogeneous HUVEC/hOB cospheroids. The model system introduced in this study may be useful to assess the mechanisms involved in regulating angiogenesis during bone formation and to further investigate the mechanisms by which heterotypic cell-cell interactions inhibit endothelial tube formation for applications in bone tissue engineering.
A Fully Three-Dimensional Method for Facial Reconstruction Based on Deformable Models (1997)

Two facial models corresponding to two deceased subjects have been manually created and the two corresponding skulls have been dissected and skeletonized. These pairs of skull/ facial data have been scanned with a CT scanner, and the computed geometric three-dimensional models of both skulls and facial tissue have been built. One set of skull/facial data will be used as a reference set whereas the second set is used as ground truth for validating our method. After a semi-automatic face-skull registration, we apply an original computing global parametric transformation T that turns the reference skull into the skull to be reconstructed. This algorithm is based upon salient lines of the skull called crest lines: more precisely the crest lines of the first skull are matched to the crest lines of the second skull by an iterative closest point algorithm. Then we apply this algorithm to the reference face to obtain the "unknown" face to be reconstructed. The reliability and difficulties of this original technique are then discussed.
Requirements for induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance in stringent allograft models (2005)

Peripheral tolerance can be achieved in many but not all murine allograft models. The requirements for controlling more aggressive immune responsiveness and generating peripheral tolerance in stringent allograft models are unknown. Understanding these requirements will provide insight toward ultimately achieving tolerance in humans, which are also resistant. We now demonstrate that the combination of donor-specific transfusion, anti-CD45RB, and anti-CD154 uniformly achieves >90-d survival of BALB/c skin allografts on C57BL/6 recipients. Recipients exhibit marked hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen in vitro. In distinct contrast to less rigorous models, engraftment remains absolutely dependent on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 signaling, even after grafts are healed, suggesting that prolonged engraftment cannot simply be attributed to more effective depletion of alloreactive T cells but is actively maintained by regulation. Concordantly, we show that both CD4 and CD8 regulatory cells are required and can transfer donor-specific tolerance to naïve recipients. Nonetheless, most recipients ultimately develop gradual graft loss (median survival time = 140 d), suggesting that alloreactive cells emerging from the thymus eventually overwhelm regulatory capacity. In agreement, adding thymectomy to the regimen results in permanent engraftment (>250 d) and donor-specific tolerance not observed previously in this model. These results highlight the potency of both CD4 and CD8 regulatory cells but also suggest that in stringent settings, regulatory T cell longevity and capacity for infectious tolerance compete with prolonged graft immunogenicity and thymic output. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of tolerance in stringent models and provide a rational basis for innovative tolerogenic strategies in humans.
At the crossroads of differentiation and proliferation: Precise control of cell‐cycle changes by multiple signaling pathways in <i>Drosophila</i> follicle cells (2010)

Here, we discuss the findings to date about genes and pathways required for regulation of somatic follicle-cell proliferation and differentiation during Drosophila oogenesis and demonstrate how loss of these genes contributes to the tumorigenic potential of mutant cells. Follicle cells undergo cell-fate determination through stepwise activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the Notch, Hedgehog, Wingless, janus kinase/STAT, and JNK pathways. In addition, changes in DNA replication and cellular growth depend on the spatial and temporal activation of the mitotic cycle-endocycle and endocycle-gene amplification cell-cycle switches and insulin-dependent monitoring of cellular health; systemic loss of these pathways contributes to loss of controlled cellular proliferation, loss of differentiation/growth, and aberrant cell polarity in follicle cells. We also highlight the effects of the neoplastic and Hippo pathways on the cell cycle and cellular proliferation in promoting normal development and conclude that lack of coordination of multiple signaling pathways promotes conditions favorable for tumorigenesis.
Cost-effective and rapid blood analysis on a cell-phone (2013)

We demonstrate a compact and cost-effective imaging cytometry platform installed on a cell-phone for the measurement of the density of red and white blood cells as well as hemoglobin concentration in human blood samples. Fluorescent and bright-field images of blood samples are captured using separate optical attachments to the cell-phone and are rapidly processed through a custom-developed smart application running on the phone for counting of blood cells and determining hemoglobin density. We evaluated the performance of this cell-phone based blood analysis platform using anonymous human blood samples and achieved comparable results to a standard bench-top hematology analyser. Test results can either be stored on the cell-phone memory or be transmitted to a central server, providing remote diagnosis opportunities even in field settings.
Natural History of Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix (1999)

The risk of progression for moderate dysplasia was intermediate between the risks for mild and severe dysplasia; thus, the moderate category may represent a clinically useful distinction. The majority of untreated mild dysplasias were recorded as regressing to yield a normal smear within 2 years.
PAAm and PEDOT/PSS hydrogel as potential electroactive devices: evaluation of surface and hydrophilic properties (2008)

Abstract The aim of this work was to analyze the hydrophilic and surface properties of semi-IPN hydrogels with good electroactive properties based on poly (acrylamide) (PAAm) and conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/ poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). The hydrogels properties were analyzed by degree of swelling (DS), drop water contact angle (DWCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the state of water in the hydrogels was estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Results revealed that the presence of PEDOT/PSS reduce the hydrophilicity of the network, mainly those prepared with lower cross-linking density, demonstrating that PEDOT/PSS chains (or their segments) are displayed in surface hydrogels. The possibility of producing PAAm-PEDOT/PSS hydrogels with controlled properties in a desired range of values is of key importance to optimize its use in several applications, mainly in optical devices, capacitors, artificial muscles, and rechargeable lithium batteries