gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-orthogonal multiple access systems with wireless energy harvesting (2017)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a candidate multiple access scheme in 5G systems for the simultaneous access of tremendous number of wireless nodes. On the other hand, RF-enabled wireless energy harvesting is a promising technology for self-sustainable wireless nodes. In this paper, we consider a NOMA system where the near user harvests energy from the strong radio signal to power-on the information decoder. A generalized energy harvesting framework is proposed by combining the conventional time switching and power splitting scheme, and the achievable rate regions for time switching and power splitting are characterized in closed-form. Numerical results demonstrate the relationship among generalized scheme, time switching scheme and power splitting scheme.
The Antiarrhythmic Drug, Amiodarone, Decreases AKT Activity and Sensitizes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Apoptosis by ABT-263 (2018)

Overall, our findings suggest that combining K<sup>+</sup> channel blockers with prosurvival Bcl-2 family inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach in treating leukemia.
Adoptive Therapy with CAR Redirected T Cells: The Challenges In Targeting Solid Tumors (2015)

Recent spectacular success in the adoptive cell therapy of leukemia and lymphoma with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells raised the expectations that this therapy may be efficacious in a wide range of cancer entities. The expectations are based on the predefined specificity of CAR T cells by an antibody-derived binding domain that acts independently of the natural T-cell receptor, recognizes targets independently of presentation by the major histocompatibility complex and allows targeting toward virtually any cell surface antigen. We here discuss that targeting CAR T cells toward solid tumors faces certain circumstances critical for the therapeutic success. Targeting tumor stroma and taking advantage of TRUCK cells, in other words, CAR T cells with inducible release of a transgenic payload, are some strategies envisaged to overcome current limitations in the near future.
The Flow of Ice Over a Till Bed (1979)

Abstract This paper considers the contribution made to overall glacier flow by deformation of an unlithified bed. The flow pattern in deforming till beneath a glacier is determined for the case of a uniform ice slab resting on a uniform thick till bed. The results obtained show that, once the till is saturated, very little surplus water is needed to produce high velocities in the till near the ice−till interface, the interface velocity varying as the 5/2 power of the surplus water concentration. This sensitivity to water content suggests that this may be a mechanism inducing glacier surging.
The Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Herbal Medicines and Their Pharmacological Activities in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications (2013)

Pentacyclic triterpenoids including the oleanane, ursane and lupane groups are widely distributed in many medicinal plants, such as Glycyrrhiza species, Gymnema species, Centella asiatica, Camellia sinensis, Crataegus species and Olea europaea, which are commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. A large number of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid, betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol have shown multiple biological activities with apparent effects on glucose absorption, glucose uptake, insulin secretion, diabetic vascular dysfunction, retinopathy and nephropathy. The versatility of the pentacyclic triterpenes provides a promising approach for diabetes management. Keywords: Diabetes, diabetic complications, herbal medicines, pentacyclic triterpenoids, phytochemicals, structure-activity relationship, Pentacyclic triterpenoids, oleanane, lupane, medicinal plants
Interaction of query evaluation and buffer management for information retrieval (1998)

The proliferation of the World Wide Web has brought information retrieval (IR) techniques to the forefront of search technology. To the average computer user, “searching” now means using IR-based systems for finding information on the WWW or in other document collections. IR query evaluation methods and workloads differ significantly from those found in database systems. In this paper, we focus on three such differences. First, due to the inherent fuzziness of the natural language used in IR queries and documents, an additional degree of flexibility is permitted in evaluating queries. Second, IR query evaluation algorithms tend to have access patterns that cause problems for traditional buffer replacement policies. Third, IR search is often an iterative process, in which a query is repeatedly refined and resubmitted by the user. Based on these differences, we develop two complementary techniques to improve the efficiency of IR queries: 1) Buffer-aware query evaluation, which alters the query evaluation process based on the current contents of buffers; and 2) Ranking-aware buffer replacement, which incorporates knowledge of the query processing strategy into replacement decisions. In a detailed performance study we show that using either of these techniques yields significant performance benefits and that in many cases, combining them produces even further improvements.
Retrieval of difficult image classes using svd-based relevance feedback (2004)

User-defined classes in large generalist image databases are often composed of several groups of images and span very different scales in the space of low-level visual descriptors. The interactive retrieval of such image classes is then very difficult. To addess his challenge, we propose and evaluate here two general mprovements of SVM-based relevance feedback methods. First, to optimize the transfer of information between the user and the system, we focus on the criterion employed by the system for selecting the images presented to the user at every feedback round. We put forward a new active learning selection criterion that minimizes redundancy between the candidate images shown to the user. Second, for image classes having very different scales, we find that a high sensitivity of the SVM to the scale of the data brings about a low retrieval performance. We then argue that insensitivity to scale is desirable in this context and we show how to obtain it by the use of specific kernel functions. The experimental evaluation of both ranking and classification performance on several image databases confirms the effectiveness of our selection criterion and of the use of kernels that reduce the sensitivity of SVMs to the scale of the data
Therapeutic Potential of Gramicidin S in the Treatment of Root Canal Infections (2016)

An intrinsic clindamycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, the most common single species present in teeth after failed root canal therapy, often possesses acquired tetracycline resistance. In these cases, root canal infections are commonly treated with Ledermix(®) paste, which contains demeclocycline, or the new alternative endodontic paste Odontopaste, which contains clindamycin; however, these treatments are often ineffective. We studied the killing activity of the cyclic antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S (GS) against planktonic and biofilm cells of tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of E. faecalis. The high therapeutic potential of GS for the topical treatment of problematic teeth is based on the rapid bactericidal effect toward the biofilm-forming, tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis. GS reduces the cell number of planktonic cells within 20-40 min at a concentration of 40-80 μg/mL. It kills the cells of pre-grown biofilms at concentrations of 100-200 μg/mL, such that no re-growth is possible. The translocation of the peptide into the cell interior and its complexation with intracellular nucleotides, including the alarmon ppGpp, can explain its anti-biofilm effect. The successful treatment of persistently infected root canals of two volunteers confirms the high effectiveness of GS. The broad GS activity towards resistant, biofilm-forming E. faecalis suggests its applications for approval in root canal medication.
Assessment of Immunity to Mycobacterial Infection with Luciferase Reporter Constructs (1999)

Protective immunity to mycobacterial infection is incompletely understood but probably involves the coordinated interaction of multiple cell types and cytokines. With the aim of developing assays that might provide a surrogate measure of protective immunity, we have investigated the use of recombinant mycobacteria carrying luciferase reporter enzymes to assess the effectiveness of antimycobacterial immunity in model systems. Measurement of luminescence was shown to provide a rapid and simple alternative to the counting of CFU as a means of monitoring mycobacterial viability. We describe optimization of a luciferase reporter strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and demonstrate its application for the study of mycobacterial interactions with host cells in tissue culture and the rapid assessment of vaccine efficacy in a murine model.
On Logic Comparison (1981)

This report deals with the problem of discovering the differences between two implementations of the same partially specified function. It describes a heuristic approach to the boolean equivalence problem which yields information important for understanding differences. It also contains a formalization for the notion of structural difference and presents an algorithm for approximating this difference.
Perioperative Outcome of Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Undergoing Open Versus Minimally Invasive Surgery (2012)

Median values of pCO(2 max) in the postoperative course were significantly lower in the minimally invasive surgery group. In addition, postoperative ventilation time was shorter when children underwent minimally invasive surgery. In conclusion, minimally invasive surgery seems to offer advantages for selected patients with CDH.
Lithographically directed deposition of silica nanoparticles using spin coating (2004)

Directed self-assembly is an important direction for the extension of patterning to the nanoscale regime and below. Here, examples are given of both individual particle placement and composite structure formation involving assemblies of many nanometer scale particles, both on patterned surfaces and on planar surfaces where the photoresist is used as a sacrificial layer to define the pattern and is subsequently removed. The underlying technologies employed in these experiments include interferometric lithography to define large-area, nanometer-scale patterns and directed self-assembly by spin coating to control particle placement. Three sizes of silica nanoparticles (mean diameters: 78, 50, and 15nm) were employed for spin-coating processes. Single linear silica particle chain patterns and isolated two-dimensional particle patterns were easily formed on patterned surfaces. Silica particle rows, cross networks, and isolated posts with controllable thickness could be formed on flat surfaces using this approach. Directed self-assembly using nanoscale lithography and spin coating is a facile approach to the extension of lithographic techniques to the nanoscale.
Expression of CD44s in Incidental Prostate Cancer Is More Strongly Associated with Gleason Scores on Subsequent Radical Prostatectomies than Conventional Prognostic Parameters (2009)

Advanced prospective studies should aim to define cut-point values of CD44s expression for separating aggressive tumours from their indolent counterparts, and should also assess possible associations with clinical follow-up data (e.g. progression-free survival) in IPC.
Differential thermal expansion in microelectronic systems (2003)

Structures used in microelectronics systems, ranging in size from the individual device level to complete printed circuit boards (PCBs) involve ceramic, metallic and polymeric materials in intimate physical contact. Thermal cycling during normal operation can give rise to thermal fatigue at the various material interfaces, cause defect propagation, and lead to premature failure of the structures, either directly or through subsequent environmental degradation. The author reviews this technologically important problem by taking examples from each of the 'packaging levels' of microelectronic systems. The examples used include silicon oxidation and GaAs-on-silicon heteroepitaxy, ceramic or polymeric encapsulants of fabricated structures, PCBs, and on the solder connections used in mounting components on PCBs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cross-reactive antibodies induced by a monovalent influenza B virus vaccine (1991)

Influenza viruses related to the markedly antigenically divergent strains B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87 are circulating in human populations. Adults develop cross-reacting antibodies against recent and earlier influenza B virus strains after vaccination with B/Yamagata/16/88, probably because of previous influenza B virus infections or immunizations. Vaccines containing B/Yamagata/16/88 should adequately protect adults against B/Victoria/2/87 infections.
GRIM-Filter: Fast seed location filtering in DNA read mapping using processing-in-memory technologies (2018)

Background\nSeed location filtering is critical in DNA read mapping, a process where billions of DNA fragments (reads) sampled from a donor are mapped onto a reference genome to identify genomic variants of the donor. State-of-the-art read mappers 1) quickly generate possible mapping locations for seeds (i.e., smaller segments) within each read, 2) extract reference sequences at each of the mapping locations, and 3) check similarity between each read and its associated reference sequences with a computationally-expensive algorithm (i.e., sequence alignment) to determine the origin of the read. A seed location filter comes into play before alignment, discarding seed locations that alignment would deem a poor match. The ideal seed location filter would discard all poor match locations prior to alignment such that there is no wasted computation on unnecessary alignments.\n\nResults\nWe propose a novel seed location filtering algorithm, GRIM-Filter, optimized to exploit 3D-stacked memory systems that integrate computation within a logic layer stacked under memory layers, to perform processing-in-memory (PIM). GRIM-Filter quickly filters seed locations by 1) introducing a new representation of coarse-grained segments of the reference genome, and 2) using massively-parallel in-memory operations to identify read presence within each coarse-grained segment. Our evaluations show that for a sequence alignment error tolerance of 0.05, GRIM-Filter 1) reduces the false negative rate of filtering by 5.59x–6.41x, and 2) provides an end-to-end read mapper speedup of 1.81x–3.65x, compared to a state-of-the-art read mapper employing the best previous seed location filtering algorithm.\n\nConclusion\nGRIM-Filter exploits 3D-stacked memory, which enables the efficient use of processing-in-memory, to overcome the memory bandwidth bottleneck in seed location filtering. We show that GRIM-Filter significantly improves the performance of a state-of-the-art read mapper. GRIM-Filter is a universal seed location filter that can be applied to any read mapper. We hope that our results provide inspiration for new works to design other bioinformatics algorithms that take advantage of emerging technologies and new processing paradigms, such as processing-in-memory using 3D-stacked memory devices.
Depth Profiles of Boron Atoms with Large Tilt‐Angle Implantations (1986)

Depth profiles of implanted boron atoms with large tilt‐angle up to 82° into single‐crystalline silicon substrates are studied by SIMS and by two‐dimensional simulation. The profiles can be calculated by using the two‐dimensional simulation, including the forward scattering effect. The simulated profiles are in agreement with those measured by SIMS. The depth profile on the implantation at large tilt‐angle of 82° is fairly different from that of the conventional 7° tilt‐angle implantation. About 40% of the implanted atoms are projected out from the surface in the case of 82° tilt‐angle implantation, because of the forward scattering effect. The implanted dose efficiencies are scarcely dependent on the acceleration energy.
Cascadable surface-emitting laser logic: demonstration of Boolean logic (1991)

We demonstrate cascadable optical logic (AND-, OR- and Exclusive OR-gates) implemented with heterojunction phototransistors and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We also discuss an architecture for implementing binary arithmetic using cascadable surface-emitting laser logic devices and optical symbolic substitution.
60MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of edible oils (2014)

We report the first results from a new 60 MHz <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) bench-top spectrometer, Pulsar, in a study simulating the adulteration of olive oil with hazelnut oil. There were qualitative differences between spectra from the two oil types. A single internal ratio of two isolated groups of peaks could detect hazelnut oil in olive oil at the level of ∼13%w/w, whereas a whole-spectrum chemometric approach brought the limit of detection down to 11.2%w/w for a set of independent test samples. The Pulsar's performance was compared to that of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Pulsar delivered comparable sensitivity and improved specificity, making it a superior screening tool. We also mapped NMR onto FTIR spectra using a correlation-matrix approach. Interpretation of this heat-map combined with the established annotations of the NMR spectra suggested a hitherto undocumented feature in the IR spectrum at ∼1130 cm<sup>-1</sup>, attributable to a double-bond vibration.
Intensive Maintenance Treatment in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): Single Institution Experience of a Multicenter Randomized Trial (1988)

63 AML-Patienten wurden bei einer prospektiven Studie in 2 Gruppen randomisiert, mit dem Ziel, den Einfluß intensiver Erhaltungstherapie auf die Remissionsdauer und Überlebenszeit dieser Patienten zu untersuchen. Die Erhaltungstherapie bestand entweder aus einer turnusmäßig wechselnden Kombination von Alternativ-präparaten (HD-Ara C, mAMSA, 5-AZA), die während der Induk-tions- und Konsolidierungsphasen nicht verwendet worden waren, oder aus einer Wiederholung der Induktionstherapie kurz nach der Konsolidierungsphase (DNM, VCR, Ara C). Bei 48 von 63 Patienten, die eine CR erreichten, wurde weder eine Verlängerung der Remissionsdauer noch der Überlebenszeit festgestellt, verglichen mit den Ergebnissen einer vorhergehenden randomisierten Studie, bei der eine konventionelle Erhaltungstherapie angewandt wurde.
Artificial Surf Reefs (2005)

Artificial Surf Reefs (ASR) are built to improve the surf conditions of the waves. Three ASR have been realized over the last decade and many more are planned to be constructed within a period of ten years. Even though a hot topic, ASR design is often done fairly ad hoc and there remains great uncertainty as to what the optimal dimensions of the ASR should be. Through combination of numerical and experimental modeling efforts, this study aims at: 1) Improving our general understanding of how ASR design affects the actual surfability; 2) Designing an optimal reef shape; 3) Obtaining measurements of the surfability parameters to verify the predicted surfability by the numerical wave model. The quality of a surf break is expressed in four measurable parameters: breaker height, breaker shape, peel angle and the attendant currents. Usually a surf break differs from other places along the coast by the ability to make waves peel along their crest. Therefore the peel angle is studied thoroughly. By considering idealized topographies, the important reef properties that affect the peel angle become clear. The model applied in the numerical study is a state-of-the-art, deterministic amplitude evolution model that takes into account quadratic interactions (triad interactions). Optimal shape dimensions were estimated in the numerical study for varying reef shapes and wave conditions. The resulting ASR design was constructed in a wave basin in the laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of the Faculty of Civil Engineering. Unidirectional incident waves (regular and bichromatic) were generated by three piston type wave makers with second-order wave board control. The laboratory observations were used to verify three parameters that were predicted with the numerical study: breaker height, breaker shape and the peel angle. The combined numerical and experimental study shows that: Two reef properties are needed to obtain surfable peel angles. First there must be a certain angle enclosed between the reef normal and the offshore wave direction. Secondly, the depth at which the reef starts needs to be sufficiently shallow. The reef shape performs optimal when the tip of the reef is relatively sharp. This results in less intense breakers suitable for the take-off. The predicted surfability parameters by the numerical wave model agreed well with the laboratory measurements. The experiment showed that the water depth over the reef crest significantly affects the breaker shape. Also the currents over and around the reef have a significant impact on the surfability of the surf break.
Enhanced differentially coherent subtractive interference cancellation receivers with multiple symbol differential detection (2002)

This paper examines the performance improvements achieved in AWGN channels by combining non-coherent subtractive interference cancellation with multiple symbol differential detection. The multiuser receivers considered in this study are the successive interference canceller, the parallel interference cancellation receiver, and the decision feedback receiver. Presented in this study is a comparison of the aforementioned differentially coherent multiuser receivers as they employ standard differential detection, multiple symbol detection, and Viterbi differential decoding. It is observed that consequential improvements are obtained by increasing the memory beyond one symbol and performing sequence estimation of the transmitted phases based on the decision statistics after multiuser detection.
Distributional Modeling of Pipeline Leakage Repair Costs for a Water Utility Company (2007)

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTA fundamental problem of measuring the uncertainty and risk of asset repair costs in practice is addressed in this paper. By fitting generalized lambda distributions (GλD) to empirical data using the starship and numerical maximum likelihood methods, this paper examines the impact of factors such as time of pipe leakage, age of pipe, pipe diameter, pipe location and pipe length on the empirical probability distributions of pipe repair costs. This provides important management information regarding the impact that different factors have on the range and the likelihood of extreme costs. Additionally, the use of GλD can be used in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations and other strategies to set monthly prices in a rational manner, allowing the water utility company to breakeven their basic leak repair costs in the long term within a specified level of confidence.