gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conflict Detection-Based Run-Length Encoding - AVX-512 CD Instruction Set in Action (2018)

Data as well as hardware characteristics are two key aspects for efficient data management. This holds in particular for the field of in-memory data processing. Aside from increasing main memory capacities, efficient in-memory processing benefits from novel processing concepts based on lightweight compressed data. Thus, an active research field deals with the adaptation of new hardware features such as vectorization using SIMD instructions to speedup lightweight data compression algorithms. Following this trend, we propose a novel approach for run-length encoding, a well-known and often applied lightweight compression technique. Our novel approach is based on newly introduced conflict detection (CD) instructions in Intel's AVX-512 instruction set extension. As we are going to show, our CD-based approach has unique properties and outperforms the state-of-the-art RLE approach for data sets with small run lengths.
Diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice heterozygous and homozygous for apolipoprotein E gene disruption. (1994)

With the aim of establishing whether a genetically reduced capability of producing apolipoprotein E (apo E) can affect atherogenesis, we have compared the consequences of dietary stress on normal mice and on mice heterozygous or homozygous for a disrupted apo E gene. A dramatically accelerated development of lesions occurred in the vasculature of the homozygous mutants as a result of feeding an atherogenic diet for 12 wk, and extensive deposition of lipid-filled macrophages was found outside the cardiovascular system. In nine heterozygotes fed the atherogenic diet for 12 wk, the amount of apo E in their total plasma lipoproteins increased to a level comparable to normal, but all nine developed much larger foam cell lesions in their proximal aorta than those found in 3 of 9 normal mice fed the same diet. The other six normals had no lesions. Our study demonstrates that heterozygous mice with only one functional apo E gene are more susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis than are normal, two-copy mice. Genetically determined quantitative limitations of apo E could, therefore, have similar effects in humans when they are stressed by an atherogenic diet.
Polymorphic catechol-O-methyltransferase gene and breast cancer risk. (2001)

We examined 483 Finnish breast cancer cases and 482 population controls to determine the potential effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype in individual susceptibility to breast cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression after adjustment for known or suspected risk factors for breast cancer. When studied separately by menopausal status, the COMT-L allele-containing genotypes were inversely associated with premenopausal breast cancer, especially with advanced stage of the disease (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87). Among postmenopausal women a similar decreased risk was seen for local carcinoma associated with the COMT-LL genotype (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.98). The lowest breast cancer risk was seen in the postmenopausal women with the COMT-LL genotype and low body-mass index (<or=25.4 kg/m(2); OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83). Significantly increased risk, on the other hand, was seen for postmenopausal women with the COMT-LL genotype and long-term (>30 months) use of estrogen (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.13-14.3), or with the COMT-L allele-containing genotypes and early age (<or=12 years) at menarche (OR, 8.59; 95% CI, 1.85-39.8). Our study, therefore, suggests that the COMT genotype may define a portion of the individual breast cancer susceptibility that is associated with reproductive events and hormone exposure even if it does not seem to be a major overall risk factor for this malignancy.
Computational imaging (2018)

We review advances in Computational Imaging that have occurred since the mid-1990s. The advent of highly integrated platforms, such as the smartphone, has made the linkage between optics and processing intimate and natural. This review covers key technological developments and insights over the past two decades and examines current trends to predict future capabilities.
[Treatment of mesothelioma with interferon gamma and interleukin 2]. (1990)

Interferon gamma was first used in 10 patients with mesothelioma in doses of 20 x 10(6) IU administered intrapleurally twice a week for 2 months without success, then in 25 patients (12 in stage I, 11 in stage II or IV) in doses of 40 x 10(6) IU. Out of 20 assessable patients, 4 showed complete response (CR) confirmed at thoracoscopy or thoracotomy; 1 stage I patient and 1 stage II patients showed partial response (PR). Interleukin 2 was administered by continuous intrapleural infusion in increasing dosage. Out of 3 stage I patients, 1 showed CR and 2 showed PR; 4 partial responses were observed in 11 stage II, III or IV patients. The 5/15 CR rate at stage I is exceptional in mesothelioma. In stage II patients the effectiveness and modalities of treatment require further investigations.
LUNGS VARIATION DUE TO ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT- A CASE REPORT (2014)

This is a case study of lung anomaly found at the time of dissection in Anatomy department. A cadaver of nearly 40 years old Indian male having changes in gross anatomy of both the lung.  In which Left lung was seen membranous and has no fissures and a single lobes. In right lung upper and middle lobe expanded at its anterior border up to left axillary line, in such a way that only single lung was seen anteriorly.
Sequence composition effects on the stabilities of triple helix formation by oligonucleotides containing N7-deoxyguanosine (1996)

A nonnatural nucleoside, 7-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pento-furanosyl)-guanine (d7G), mimics protonated cytosine and specifically binds GC base pairs within a pyrimidine - purine - pyrimidine triple helix. The differences in association constants (KT) determined by quantitative footprint titration experiments at neutral pH reveal dramatic sequence composition effects on the energetics of triple helix formation by oligonucleotides containing d7G. Purine tracts of sequence composition 5'-d(AAAAAGAGAGAGAGA)-3' are bound by oligonucleotide 5'-d(TTTTT7GT7GT7GT7GT7GT)-3' three orders of magnitude less strongly than by 5'-d(TTTTTmCTmCTmCTmCTmCT)-3' (KT = 1.5 x 10(6) M(-1) and KT > or = 3 x 10(9) M(-1) respectively). Conversely, purine tracts of sequence composition 5'-d(AAAAGAAAAGGGGGGA)-3' are bound by oligonucleotide 5'-d(TTTTmCTTTT7G7G7G7G7G7GT)-3' five orders of magnitude more strongly than by 5'-d(TTTTmCTTTTmCmCmCmCmCT)-3' (KT > or = 3 x 10(9) M(-1) and KT < 5 x 10(4) M(-1) respectively). The complementary nature of d7G and mC expands the repertoire of G-rich sequences which may be targeted by triple helix formation.
Blocking artifacts reduction in image compression with block boundary discontinuity criterion (1998)

This paper proposes a novel blocking artifacts reduction method based on the notion that the blocking artifacts are caused by heavy accuracy loss of transform coefficients in the quantization process. We define the block boundary discontinuity measure as the sum of the squared differences of pixel values along the block boundary. The proposed method compensates for selected transform coefficients so that the resultant image has a minimum block boundary discontinuity. The proposed method does not require a particular transform domain where the compensation should take place; therefore, an appropriate transform domain can be selected at the user's discretion. In the experiments, the scheme is applied to DCT-based compressed images to show its performance.
System Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Unit (1997)

A preliminary design and cost estimate of a 500 kW SOFC commercial unit was conducted to assess its economic potential for distributed power generation. The stacks used were of planar design based on the thin electrolyte technology. The study results indicate that the optimum operating temperature for the thin electrolyte is 800C, the product can be produced at $700–800/kW with 55–60% overall electric efficiency (LHV), and the cost of electricity (5–6 cents/kWh based on $4/MMBtu retail natural gas price and 25% annual capital recovery) is sufficiently low to capture the distributed generation market.
Canine heart-lung transplantation after twenty-four-hour hypothermic preservation with Belzer-UW solution. (1991)

Twenty four-hour heart-lung preservation with Belzer-UW solution was studied in the canine heterotopic heart-lung transplant model. Four pairs of mongrel dogs were used. The donor heart was arrested with cardioplegic solution. The heart and the lung were flushed with UW solution, then excised en bloc and immersed in 4 degrees C UW solution for 24 hours. The graft was transplanted heterotopically into the left pneumonectomized recipient. The transplant procedure consisted of end-to-end anastomosis of two left main bronchi, end-to-side anastomosis of the descending aortas, and end-to-end anastomosis of the donor's superior vena cava to the recipient's left pulmonary artery. The recipient's right pulmonary artery was ligated after an observation period, and cardiopulmonary functions were measured during room air ventilation. In all four transplanted dogs the grafts were able to sustain the recipient's circulation. The prepreservation and posttransplant cardiac output was 71.2 +/- 21.6 ml/min/kg and 96.4 +/- 44.4 ml/min/kg; the arterial PO2 was 80.8 +/- 12.9 mm Hg and 74.1 +/- 2.7 mm Hg; and the arterial PCO2 was 25.6 +/- 5.5 mm Hg and 35.9 +/- 13.3 mm Hg, respectively. There were no significant differences between the prepreservation and posttransplant values. Posttransplant myocardial water content was within the normal range. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly, to 13.8 +/- 3.7 from 8.8 +/- 5.2. Wood units, and the wet/dry ratio of the lung increased significantly, to 8.3 +/- 1.6 from 4.4 +/- 0.6. In conclusion, heart-lung grafts preserved in UW solution for 24 hours were able to sustain the recipient's circulation. Significant pulmonary edema, however, could not be prevented.
Photoselective Shade Nets Reduce Postharvest Decay Development in Pepper Fruits. (2011)

During two-year studies, we evaluated the influence of photoselective coloured shade nets on the quality of fresh harvested pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) after prolonged storage and shelf life simulation. Pepper cultivar ‘Romans’ grown in a semi arid region under 35% pearl and yellow shade nets significantly maintained better pepper fruit quality after 16 days at 7°C plus three days at 20°C, mainly by reducing decay incidence during two consecutive years (2008 and 2009), compared to commercial black and red nets. No significant differences were observed in percentage of weight loss, firmness and total soluble solids in fruit harvested under the different coloured shade nets. The skin colour of fruit harvested under Pearl net was significantly lighter than that of fruit harvested under red and black shade nets and this fact can be associated with inhibition of fruit ripening during growth. After storability and shelf life simulation however skin colour was red to dark red under all shade nets. Pearl and yellow shade nets significantly reduced Alternaria spp. population in the field, which was evaluated with Alternaria-selective growing medium. The highest Alternaria population was found under red shade net. The significant low decay incidence in fruit harvested under pearl and yellow shade nets can be explained by the low inoculum level of Alternaria spp. in the field, and inhibition of fungal sporulation, and/or by a slowing of fruit ripening during its growth, reducing fruit susceptibility to fungal infection in the field due to the scattered light, its quality and the ratio between the light spectrum under the two shade nets.
Fetal Movements Recorder, Use and Indications (1977)

A new device for recording fetal movements is presented. This device is composed of 2 sensors, incorporating a highly sensitive piezoelectric material. It is sensitive to rapid straining forces such as fetal movements and relatively insensitive to steady, slow movements such as uterine contractions and maternal respiratory movements. In this study of 20 women, the sensors were placed on 2 different zones of the abdomen, usually above the umbilicus. There was a good correlation between fetal movements recorded by the device and those felt by the patients. Seventy percent of all observed fetal movements recorded by the device were registered simultaneously by the women. The device recorded 90.4 percent and the women recorded 79.7 percent of all such movements.
Interferon-α Causes Neuronal Dysfunction in Encephalitis (2009)

Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is a pleomorphic cytokine produced by nucleated cells in response to viral infection. In patients, treatment with IFNalpha has side effects including cognitive impairment resembling subcortical dementia, which is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia (HAD). IFNalpha is increased in the CSF of HAD patients compared with HIV patients without dementia. In this study, blocking IFNalpha in a HIV encephalitis (HIVE) mouse model with intraperitoneal injections of IFNalpha neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) significantly improved cognitive function compared with untreated or control antibody-treated HIVE mice during water radial arm maze behavioral testing. Treatment with IFNalpha NAbs significantly decreased microgliosis and prevented loss of dendritic arborization in the brains of HIVE mice. Furthermore, treatment of primary neuron cultures with IFNalpha resulted in dose-dependent loss of dendritic arborization that was blocked with IFNalpha NAb treatment and partially blocked with NMDA antagonists [AP5 and MK801 (dizocilpine maleate)] indicating glutamate signaling is involved in IFNalpha-mediated neuronal damage. These results show that IFNalpha has a major role in the pathogenesis of HIVE in mice and is likely important in the development neurocognitive dysfunction in humans with HIV. Blocking IFNalpha could be important in improving cognitive and pathological developments in HAD patients and may be clinically important in other neuroinflammatory diseases as well.
Infrared spectrum and crystal structure of cellulose (1957)

Abstract Infrared absorption spectra of oriented cellulose fibers have been observed using polarized radiation. Natural fibers are in general too thick but swelling them in NaOH solution followed by pressing, washing, and drying is an effective way of obtaining a suitable thickness in the 650–3100 cm. −1 region. The dichroism observed for the bands which can be assigned has been interpreted on the basis of the crystal structure of cellulose. The CH stretching band is polarized perpendicular to the fiber axis, in accord with the previously proposed model of the crystal structure (Meyer and Misch). Because both the CH 2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretching bands are polarized parallel, a modification of the previously proposed model is necessary. In the region of CH and OH deformation frequencies (1200–1500 cm. −1 ) nine bands are observed, of which four are polarized parallel and five, perpendicular, to the fiber axis. Deuteration effect of amorphous cellulose on the spectrum in this region was examined. Probable assignments are given for these bands. In the region of CO and CC stretching frequencies (800–1200 cm. −1 ) all the bands are polarized parallel to the fiber axis. Observations were also made on deuterated cellulose, i.e. , cellulose which had been swelled in NaOD. Of the six OD stretching bands observed, five show parallel dichroism, indicating that the OH bands in cellulose are arranged predominantly parallel to the fiber axis. The OH out‐of‐plane deformation band at 650 cm. −1 is polarized perpendicular to the fiber axis.
Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger in porcine oocytes (2002)

The presence of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism was investigated in porcine oocytes. Immature and in vitro-matured oocytes were loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura 2 and changes in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were monitored after altering the Na+ concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. Decreasing the extracellular Na+ concentration induced an increase in [Ca2+]i possibly by a Ca2+ influx via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. A similar Ca2+ influx could also be triggered after increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration by incubation in the presence of ouabain (0.4 mM), a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor. The increase in the [Ca2+]i was due to Ca2+ influx since it was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, and the increase was mediated by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger since it was blocked by the application of amiloride or bepridil, inhibitors of Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Verapamil (50 μM) and pimozide (50 μM), inhibitors of L- and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, respectively, could not block the Ca2+ influx. The Ca2+ entry via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger could not induce the release of cortical granules and did not stimulate the resumption of meiosis. This was unexpected because Ca2+ is thought to be a universal trigger for activation. Using antibodies raised against the exchanger, it was demonstrated that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was localized predominantly in the plasma membrane. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that porcine oocytes contain a transcript that shows 98.1% homology to the NACA3 isoform of the porcine Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
Green chemistry tools to influence a medicinal chemistry and research chemistry based organisation (2007)

Influencing and improving the environmental performance of a large multi-national pharmaceutical company can be achieved with the help of electronic education tools, backed up by site champions and strong site teams. This paper describes the development of two of those education tools.
Autoimmune encephalopathies (2014)

Over the past 10 years, the continual discovery of novel forms of encephalitis associated with antibodies to cell-surface or synaptic proteins has changed the paradigms for diagnosing and treating disorders that were previously unknown or mischaracterized. We review here the process of discovery, the symptoms, and the target antigens of 11 autoimmune encephalitic disorders, grouped by syndromes and approached from a clinical perspective. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, several subtypes of limbic encephalitis, stiff-person spectrum disorders, and other autoimmune encephalitides that result in psychosis, seizures, or abnormal movements are described in detail. We include a novel encephalopathy with prominent sleep dysfunction that provides an intriguing link between chronic neurodegeneration and cell-surface autoimmunity (IgLON5). Some of the caveats of limited serum testing are outlined. In addition, we review the underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms that for some disorders confirm the antibody pathogenicity. The multidisciplinary impact of autoimmune encephalitis has been expanded recently by the discovery that herpes simplex encephalitis is a robust trigger of synaptic autoimmunity, and that some patients may develop overlapping syndromes, including anti-NMDAR encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica or other demyelinating diseases.
Pearls and the red earth (2000)

The sweat running down my neck to the small of my back gives my father's words their significance. Every other day, I ignore the heavy, dry heat; it is part of life near the arid heart of the Red Earth.
Implantation tailoring of electrically active dopant profiles in GaAs (1988)

A common problem with fabricating n-type layers in semi-insulating GaAs by ion implantation is the variation in the net activation efficiency on the substrate side of the implanted dopant profile. We compare two methods for modifying these doping profile tails in order to achieve uniform activation properties of implanted layers over large wafer areas. The two methods are compensation of an n-type doping profile by a buried damage layer (oxygen or helium implants) or by coimplantation of an acceptor species (beryllium). Experimental results are shown both for n-only and n+-n profile modifications. The use of Be to form a buried p-type layer has several advantages over the damage-induced compensation.
Impact of Mg out-diffusion and activation on the p-GaN gate HEMT device performance (2016)

The p-GaN gate HEMT device architecture is a prime contender for normally-off GaN power transistors. In this work the growth parameters of the Mg doped p-type GaN layer are varied and the impact of Mg out-diffusion and Mg activation on the main HEMT device parameters is studied. The Mg chemical concentration is optimized together with the Mg active concentration to obtain improved device performance. Enhancement mode 36 mm p-GaN gate power transistors have been realized, featuring a threshold voltage of 2.1 V and a Ron of 150 ma.
Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the cDNA for the Brazilian Larval Click‐beetle Pyrearinus termitilluminans Luciferase (1999)

The larval click-beetle Pyrearinus termitilluminans elicits the phenomenon of luminous termite mounds in the central-west region of Brazil. The bioluminescence (BL) spectrum of this larva (lambda max = 534 nm) is one of the most blue-shifted reported among known luminescent Coleoptera. We have isolated mRNA from larval thoracic lanterns and constructed a cDNA library into a lambda ZAP II vector. An expression library was obtained after excision of the pBluescript plasmid. This library was screened by photodetection and one clone that emitted green BL (lambda max = 538 nm) was isolated. The 2.2 kb cDNA insert includes a 543 residue open reading frame showing 82% homology with the luciferase isoenzymes of Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus (Coleoptera: Elateridae). As expected, the region between residues 223 and 247 that contains the putative active site for BL color determination showed a higher degree of homology among click-beetle luciferases that elicit closer BL colors. The in vitro BL spectrum of recombinant P. termitilluminans luciferase also peaks at 538 nm and, as in the case of native enzyme, does not show any bathochromic shift upon decreasing the pH.
Improvement in the Thermostability of <scp>d</scp> -Psicose 3-Epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Random and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2011)

The S213C, I33L, and I33L S213C variants of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which were obtained by random and site-directed mutagenesis, displayed increases of 2.5, 5, and 7.5°C in the temperature for maximal enzyme activity, increases of 3.3-, 7.2-, and 29.9-fold in the half-life at 50°C, and increases of 3.1, 4.3, and 7.6°C in apparent melting temperature, respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme. Molecular modeling suggests that the improvement in thermostability in these variants may have resulted from increased putative hydrogen bonds and formation of new aromatic stacking interactions. The immobilized wild-type enzyme with and without borate maintained activity for 8 days at a conversion yield of 70% (350 g/liter psicose) and for 16 days at a conversion yield of 30% (150 g/liter psicose), respectively. After 8 or 16 days, the enzyme activity gradually decreased, and the conversion yields with and without borate were reduced to 22 and 9.6%, respectively, at 30 days. In contrast, the activities of the immobilized I33L S213C variant with and without borate did not decrease during the operation time of 30 days. These results suggest that the I33L S213C variant may be useful as an industrial producer of D-psicose.