gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogenesis of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Murine Thymocytes and Spleen Cells and its Acceleration by Thymosin, a Thymic Hormone (1971)

Abstract The ontogenesis of the cell-mediated immunologic capacity of spleen cells and thymocytes of CBA/Wh mice was studied from day 19 of embryonic life through 60 days of age. Two indices of immunologic competence were used, namely, the capacity of donor CBA/Wh cells to elicit a graft-vs-host (GVH) response in adult, lethally irradiated B6AF1/J mice and the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI) in vitro. In addition, the influence of a thymic humoral factor (thymosin) on the rate of maturation of cells from spleens of neonatal CBA/Wh mice and from bone marrow of adult CBA/Wh mice was investigated. The results of this study indicate that the capacity of thymocytes to elicit a GVH response and their ability to participate in a MLI developed within the first hours after parturition. Spleen cells, however, did not acquire the capacity to elicit positive responses in either one of these assays until 3 or 4 days postnatally. Administration of thymosin in vivo to newborn CBA/Wh mice or in vitro incubation of lymphoid stem cell populations with thymosin significantly accelerated the development of the capacity of spleen cells to elicit a GVH response. The ability of thymocytes to elicit a GVH response, once developed with a given number of cells, remained constant throughout the study period of 60 days. In contrast, the marked response of newborn CBA/Wh thymocytes to (CBA/Wh × C57BL/6)F1 spleen cells in the MLI decreased rapidly with age, suggesting a loss of recognition capacity or an alteration in cell types within the thymic population. The data support the concept of an endocrine role for the thymus in the development and maturation of lymphoid cells that participate in cell-mediated immune responses.
High extraction efficiency InGaN micro-ring light-emitting diodes (2003)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on an interconnected array of GaN/InGaN micro-ring elements have been demonstrated. The devices have electrical characteristics similar to those of conventional broad-area devices. However, due to the large surface areas provided by the sidewalls, the extraction efficiency is greatly enhanced. Intense light emission at the periphery of the micro-rings is observed upon excitation by an electron beam, suggesting scattering of the photons which are extracted through the sidewalls. The devices provide a doubling in total light output compared to a broad-area reference LED of equal light-generation area.
La confirmación de los usos lingüísticos por medio de internet. A propósito de la palabra lejío (2016)

espanolLa palabra lejio (castellano: ejido) circula, fuera de la acepcion del diccionario academico (DILE), con diversas etiquetas: murcianismo, extremenismo, andalucismo, mancheguismo, canarismo, vulgarismo, neologismo y toponimo, entre otras. Como suele ocurrir con otras palabras desusadas y de dominio dialectal, la inercia idiomatica la ha llevado a ser considerada como termino privativo, genuino o endemico de una geografia linguistica muy extensa marcada por el prestigio encubierto de sus hablantes. La informacion y localizacion de los usos de la palabra lejio se encuentran de manera descontrolada y dispersa en los nuevos y abundantes recursos hipertextuales. En esta nota lexicografica, ademas de algunas fuentes tradicionales, se utilizan los buscadores de internet (Google) y las redes sociales (Facebook) como herramientas utiles para evaluar los usos linguisticos y su valoracion lexicografica en un determinado momento del proceso de estandarizacion linguistica. EnglishThe word ‘lejio’ (Spanish: ejido) is still in use, not just in the meanings shown in the academic dictionary (DILE), with a number of labels, including among others: murcianism, extremenism, andalucism, mancheguism, canarism, vulgarism, neologism, as well as a place name. As is the fashion with words that have fallen out of use and that can be considered as dialectal, the idiomatic inertia has led it to be considered as a privative term, genuine and endemic from a much broader language geography marked by the covert prestige of their speakers. The information and localization of the usage of the word “lejio” is currently out of control and dispersed throughout the new and abundant digital resources at hand. In this lexicographical note, in addition to the use of some traditional sources, we will also be using web browsers (Google) and social networks (Facebook) as useful tools to evaluate the linguistic usage and its lexicographical evaluation at certain moment of the process of the linguistic standardization.
Scaling is necessary when making comparisons between shapes of event-related potential topographies: A reply to Haig et al. (1999)

A. R. Haig, E. Gordon, and S. Hook (1997) disputed G. McCarthy and C. C. Wood's (1985) contention that scaling should be used when assessing the statistical significance of between condition (or group) differences in the shapes of event-related potential (ERP) scalp topographies. Haig et al. based their contention upon the lack of empirical realism in McCarthy and Wood's model of within-group ERP noise, claiming that McCarthy and Wood's results could not be generalized to realistic ERP data. We argue, on both empirical and theoretical grounds, that Haig et al. do not make a compelling case against generalization of McCarthy and Wood's results. Moreover, Haig et al.'s conclusion is based upon a misconception of how scaling should be used. We conclude that when a quantitative measure of differences between topographic shapes is needed, scaling is not an option—it is a requirement.
Design of a Label-Free, Distributed Bragg Grating Resonator Based Dielectric Waveguide Biosensor (2015)

In this work, we present a resonant, dielectric waveguide device based on distributed Bragg gratings for label-free biosensing applications. The refractive index sensitive optical transducer aims at improving the performance of planar waveguide grating sensor systems with limited Q-factor and dynamic range by combing the advantages of resonant cavities, such as a multitude of resonance peaks with high finesse, with the manageable complexity of waveguide grating couplers. The general sensor concept is introduced and supported by theoretical considerations as well as numerical simulations based on Coupled Mode Theory. In contrast to a single Bragg grating reflector, the presented Fabry-Pérot type distributed Bragg resonator exhibits an extended measurement range as well as relaxed fabrication tolerances. The resulting, relatively simple sensor structure can be fabricated with standard lithographic means and is independent of expensive light-sources and/or detectors, making an affordable but sensitive device, potentially suitable for point-of-care applications.
Evaluation of the State of Passive UHF RFID: An Experimental Approach (2007)

In this paper, we identify the state of the technical capability of passive UHF RFID tags and readers using a simple, empirical, experimental approach. This paper does not focus on theoretical capabilities of RFID systems in ideal environments, but rather a pragmatic evaluation of the state of commercially available ISO 18000-6c systems and identifying areas where there are opportunities for improvements in the technology. We examine the free-space read distance of tags by readers, near-metal read distance, near-water read distance, frequency-dependence of read distance in those environments, near-field read distance in those environments, read speeds, and a determination of forward or reverse channel limits.
Challenge of studies on the development of new Zn complexes (Zn(opt)2) to treat diabetes mellitus (2011)

The number of worldwide patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) is forecasted to increase over time. The development of compounds without severe side effects for type 2 DM is required not only to treat DM but also to improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients. In this paper, we have described the synthesis of novel first transition metal complexes with S2O2 coordination mode and discussed their anti-diabetic activities. Di(1-oxy-2-pyridinethiolato)Zn complex (Zn(opt)2) with Zn(S2O2) coordination mode displayed higher insulin mimetic with anti-diabetic activity, compared to the ZnCl2 or clinically used medicine (pioglitazone). In addition, Zn(opt)2 improved the insulin and adiponectine levels in the plasma. The gastrointestinal absorption of the Zn complex was found to be higher than that of ZnCl(2). Based on these results, we propose that the Zn(opt)2 complex with Zn(S2O2) coordination mode is a novel candidate for the treatment of type 2 DM; through oral administration.
Mechanical verification of timed automata: a case study (2002)

The paper reports the results of a case study on the feasibility of developing and applying mechanical methods, based on the proof system PVS, to prove propositions about real time systems specified in the Lynch-Vaandrager timed automata model. In using automated provers to prove propositions about systems described by a specific mathematical model, both the proofs and the proof process can be simplified by exploiting the spectral properties of the mathematical model. The paper presents the PVS specification of three theories that underlie the timed automata model, a template for specifying timed automata models in PVS and an example of its instantiation, and both hand proofs and the corresponding PVS proofs of two propositions. It concludes with a discussion of our experience in applying PVS to specify and reason about real time systems modeled as timed automata.
Iodine Treatment of Lignin–Cellulose Acetate Electrospun Fibers: Enhancement of Green Fiber Carbonization (2014)

Pure biopolymer-based electrospun precursor carbon fibers are fabricated using an abundant and inexpensive biopolymer lignin blended with renewable resource-based cellulose acetate (CA). Iodine treatment on the fabricated green fiber was successfully performed in order to enhance the carbonization process as well as the retention of fiber morphology. The absorption mechanism of iodine by lignin and cellulose acetate and their derived electrospun green fibers has been investigated by means of thermal behavior and morphological retention. It was found that iodine treatment plays a vital role in altering the graphitization behavior as well as morphology retention during the carbonization process. With the help of iodine treatment, the green precursor fibers were successfully converted into thin carbon fibers, and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the retention of fibrous structures with diameters around 250 nm. Raman spectroscopy revealed that although the overall level of graphitization was lower compared to polyacrylonitrile-based fibers, the graphitic crystallite size was larger in the produced carbon fibers. The produced pure biopolymer fibers and iodine treatments show promise for the production of green and cost-reduced carbon fibers.
Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder (2004)

Recent studies have reported memory deficits and reduced hippocampal volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of the current research was to use functional neuroimaging and a validated explicit memory paradigm to examine hippocampal function in PTSD. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and a word-stem completion task to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the hippocampus in 16 firefighters: 8 with PTSD (PTSD group) and 8 without PTSD (Control group). During PET scanning, participants viewed three-letter word stems on a computer screen and completed each stem with a word they had previously encoded either deeply (High Recall condition) or shallowly (Low Recall condition). Relative to the Control group, the PTSD group exhibited significantly smaller rCBF increases in the left hippocampus in the High vs Low Recall comparison. However, this finding reflected relatively elevated rCBF in the Low Recall condition in the PTSD group. Collapsing across High and Low Recall conditions, (1) the PTSD group had higher rCBF in bilateral hippocampus and left amygdala than the Control group, and (2) within the PTSD group, symptom severity was positively associated with rCBF in hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. The groups did not significantly differ with regard to accuracy scores on the word-stem completion task. The PTSD group had significantly smaller right (and a trend for smaller left) hippocampal volumes than the Control group. The results suggest an abnormal rCBF response in the hippocampus during explicit recollection of nonemotional material in firefighters with PTSD, and that this abnormal response appears to be driven by relatively elevated hippocampal rCBF in the comparison condition.
Some aromatic vinyl sulphonyl chlorides (1968)

B. M. Culbertson and S. Dietz, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, 992 DOI: 10.1039/J39680000992
Dosimetry in patients with B-cell lymphoma treated with [(90)Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan or [(131)I]tositumomab. (2011)

Radioimmunotherapy involves the use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to treat malignancy. The therapeutic effect is determined by the radiopharmaceutical, the radiation absorbed dose and previous treatments. There are currently two approved radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma - the (90)Y-labeled ibritumomab and the (131)I-labeled tositumomab. Both are directed against CD20, albeit not against the same epitope. This paper summarizes current results of dose-responses for normal tissues and tumours of [(131)I]tositumomab and [(90)Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan, discusses them in the context of dosimetry methods used and highlights the assumptions being made in the different dosimetry methodologies. Moreover, we wish to point at the possibility of performing low-cost therapy bremsstrahlung imaging for [(90)Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan to confirm biodistribution, and possibly also for dosimetric calculations.
Gastric and Pancreatic Lipase Levels during a Test Meal in Dogs (1993)

The levels of gastric and pancreatic lipases in the duodenum and the jejunum were measured during the digestion of a test meal in dogs. Using both a specific enzymatic titration and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it is shown for the first time that gastric lipase remains active in the duodenal and jejunal contents. An experimental device was set up for measuring the secretions and the intestinal flows of lipases during the digestion of a liquid test meal. In a dog equipped with gastric and duodenal cannulae, the secretion of gastric lipase was stimulated by food ingestion, reaching 3.0 ± 0.3 mg/h (three times the basal secretion rate) during the 1st h of digestion. The total secretory outputs of gastric and pancreatic lipases recorded over a 3-h period of digestion were 7.2 ± 1.2 mg and 18.7 ± 1.2 mg, respectively.
Lipase‐catalyzed alcoholysis with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction 2: Phase behavior (1997)

Abstract The phase behavior of systems containing ethanol plus lipid samples with different lipid compositions plus carbon dioxide was studied visually at 40°C and pressures of 0.01, 9, 15, and 23 MPa by means of a high‐pressure sapphire cell. The systems studied represent the main components present in a lipase‐catalyzed alcoholysis reaction of cod liver oil in supercritical carbon dioxide. Two phases, a vapor and a liquid phase, were observed in all systems studied at supercritical conditions.
The SARS coronavirus papain like protease can inhibit IRF3 at a post activation step that requires deubiquitination activity (2014)

These results demonstrate an additional mechanism that PLpro is able to inhibit IRF3 signaling. These data suggest novel innate immune antagonism activities of PLpro that may contribute to SARS-CoV pathogenesis.
Preface to first edition (2007)

This book grew out of sets of lectures given to undergraduates taking courses in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Medical Sciences. I hope it will be useful to people studying a range of biological subjects. I have tried to concentrate throughout on the general principles underlying the subject rather than to give overwhelmingly detailed accounts of vector systems and practical instructions. For those, there are more detailed books, reviews, catalogues, and lab manuals. I am grateful to the many friends and colleagues who have helped in the production of this book by reading sections (and in some cases the whole thing!) or in other ways. In particular, I should like to thank Janet Allen, Alison Baker, Adrian Barbrook, Alison Franklin, Hilary and Tony Larkum, and Saul Purton. I am also grateful to Robin Smith of Cambridge University Press for his advice and encouragement throughout the exercise, and to Robert Sugar and Dorothy Duncan of Bookworks for their help in the book's production.
Insurance Risk for Hydrocarbon Refrigerants in Car Air-Conditioners (1996)

Summary Hydrocarbon mixtures have environmental advantages and have successfully replaced R12 and R134a in over 200,000 US car air-conditioners. On ten popular Australian cars, an extinguished propane torch detected ignition sources and carbon dioxide tracer measured volume and air ow for the passenger compartment. The insurance risk increment calculated from these measurements was negative because of the high cost of R12 repairs.
Teaching ionization potentials in the general chemistry laboratory (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTeaching ionization potentials in the general chemistry laboratoryGeorge A. Scherer Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1950, 27, 6, 331Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1950Published inissue 1 June 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ed027p331RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Reinforcement Learning-Based Multiaccess Control and Battery Prediction With Energy Harvesting in IoT Systems (2018)

Energy harvesting (EH) is a promising technique to fulfill the long-term and self-sustainable operations for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. In this paper, we study the joint access control and battery prediction problems in a small-cell IoT system including multiple EH user equipments (UEs) and one base station (BS) with limited uplink access channels. Each UE has a rechargeable battery with finite capacity. The system control is modeled as a Markov decision process without complete prior knowledge assumed at the BS, which also deals with large sizes in both state and action spaces. First, to handle the access control problem assuming causal battery and channel state information, we propose a scheduling algorithm that maximizes the uplink transmission sum rate based on reinforcement learning (RL) with deep Q -network enhancement. Second, for the battery prediction problem, with a fixed round-robin access control policy adopted, we develop an RL-based algorithm to minimize the prediction loss (error) without any model knowledge about the energy source and energy arrival process. Finally, the joint access control and battery prediction problem is investigated, where we propose a two-layer RL network to simultaneously deal with maximizing the sum rate and minimizing the prediction loss: the first layer is for battery prediction, the second layer generates the access policy based on the output from the first layer. Experiment results show that the three proposed RL algorithms can achieve better performances compared with existing benchmarks.
How to realize a natural image reproduction using stereoscopic displays with motion parallax (2000)

In order to achieve a realistic image representation with a high degree of telepresence, stereoscopy is known as a very powerful means. Motion parallax is another important visual cue. It contributes to the naturalness of vision and can reduce artifacts of common stereoscopic representation techniques. This paper focuses on the ratio of (real or virtual) camera movement to head movement ("gain of motion parallax") and on the image reproduction conditions that allow perceiving a stable and natural stereoscopic image providing motion parallax. Results show that the gain of motion parallax should be adjustable by the viewer. For most observers, the preferred gain is lower than the geometrically correct value of 1. A good starting point seams to be a value of 0.75. All three dimensions of head movement and the individual (and currently actual) interocular distance should be taken into account when calculating the appropriate views. Spatial quantization of eye position should be better than 5 min of arc, and temporal sampling of eye position should be done with 40 Hz or more.
6. Gas hydrate estimates from newly determined oxygen isotopic fractionation (αGH-IW) and δ18O anomalies of the interstitial waters : Leg 164, Blake Ridge (2000)

The δ 18 O values of interstitial waters from Site 994 and Site 997 sediments, Blake Ridge, western Atlantic, tend to decrease with depth from 0.3‰ to -0.5‰ Standard Mean Ocean Water in the upper 200 mbsf, then fluctuate with significant positive spikes of A = 0.2‰-0.5‰ in the gas hydrate zone (200 to 450 mbsf), and finally increase from -0.4‰ to -0.2‰ toward 700 mbsf. Positive shifts of δ 18 O IW in the gas hydrate zone are probably caused by the dissociation of gas hydrates originally contained in sediment cores. Gas hydrates recovered from the sites are enriched in 18 O, δ 18 O ranging between 2.7‰ and 3.5‰. δ 18 O values of gas hydrates and ambient interstitial waters give an oxygen isotopic fractionation factor of 1.0034-1.0040 at 12°-16°C and ∼31 MPa (3 km below sea level). Based on this fractionation and observed isotopic anomalies in the gas hydrate zone, gas hydrates occupy 6% to 12% of pore-space volume within Blake Ridge sediments.
Physical simulation of environmentally induced thin shell deformation (2018)

We present a physically accurate low-order elastic shell model that incorporates active material response to dynamically changing stimuli such as heat, moisture, and growth. Our continuous formulation of the geometrically non-linear elastic energy derives from the principles of differential geometry, and as such naturally incorporates shell thickness, non-zero rest curvature, and physical material properties. By modeling the environmental stimulus as local, dynamic changes in the rest metric of the material, we are able to solve for the corresponding shape changes by integrating the equations of motions given this non-Euclidean rest state. We present models for differential growth and shrinking due to moisture and temperature gradients along and across the surface, and incorporate anisotropic growth by defining an intrinsic machine direction within the material. Comparisons with experiments and volumetric finite elements show that our simulations achieve excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement. By combining the reduced-order shell theory with appropriate physical models, our approach accurately captures all the physical phenomena while avoiding expensive volumetric discretization of the shell volume.