gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Network Robustness against Adversarial Attacks with Compact Convolution (2017)

Though Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have surpassed human-level performance on tasks such as object classification and face verification, they can easily be fooled by adversarial attacks. These attacks add a small perturbation to the input image that causes the network to misclassify the sample. In this paper, we focus on neutralizing adversarial attacks by compact feature learning. In particular, we show that learning features in a closed and bounded space improves the robustness of the network. We explore the effect of L2-Softmax Loss, that enforces compactness in the learned features, thus resulting in enhanced robustness to adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we propose compact convolution, a novel method of convolution that when incorporated in conventional CNNs improves their robustness. Compact convolution ensures feature compactness at every layer such that they are bounded and close to each other. Extensive experiments show that Compact Convolutional Networks (CCNs) neutralize multiple types of attacks, and perform better than existing methods in defending adversarial attacks, without incurring any additional training overhead compared to CNNs.
Nostocyclamide: A new macrocyclic, thiazole-containing allelochemical from Nostoc sp. 31 (cyanobacteria) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNostocyclamide: A new macrocyclic, thiazole-containing allelochemical from Nostoc sp. 31 (cyanobacteria)Albena K. Todorova, Friedrich Juettner, Anthony Linden, Thomas Pluess, and Wolfgang von PhilipsbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 24, 7891–7895Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00129a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated serum interferon‐α activity in juvenile dermatomyositis: Associations with disease activity at diagnosis and after thirty‐six months of therapy (2009)

Serum IFNalpha activity was associated with higher serum levels of muscle-derived enzymes and a shorter duration of untreated disease in patients with newly diagnosed juvenile DM and was inversely correlated with measures of chronic disease activity at 36 months postdiagnosis. These data suggest that IFNalpha could play a role in disease initiation in juvenile DM.
TransCom: A Virtual Disk-Based Cloud Computing Platform for Heterogeneous Services (2014)

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of TransCom, a virtual disk (Vdisk) based cloud computing platform that supports heterogeneous services of operating systems (OSes) and their applications in enterprise environments. In TransCom, clients store all data and software, including OS and application software, on Vdisks that correspond to disk images located on centralized servers, while computing tasks are carried out by the clients. Users can choose to boot any client for using the desired OS, including Windows, and access software and data services from Vdisks as usual without consideration of any other tasks, such as installation, maintenance, and management. By centralizing storage yet distributing computing tasks, TransCom can greatly reduce the potential system maintenance and management costs. We have implemented a multi-platform TransCom prototype that supports both Windows and Linux services. The extensive evaluation based on both test-bed experiments and real-usage experiments has demonstrated that TransCom is a feasible, scalable, and efficient solution for successful real-world use.
Rapid Separation of Plasma Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes by Batch Adsorption on Glass Beads (1975)

To separate the MM and MB creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes in small plasma samples, we developed a simple, rapid ion-exchange batch-adsorption procedure with "DEAE Glycophase" glass beads (Corning). All separative steps are performed in a single test tube and can be completed within a few minutes. Results of measurements of isoenzymes in plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction were compared to those obtained with an independent quantitative assay method previously reported. Additional measurements were performed on standard plasma samples containing mixtures of MM and MB isoenzyme purified from human myocardium. Results by the two independent assay procedures agreed well, as did measured isoenzyme activities and activities predicted from the amounts of isoenzyme added. Activities in the fractions containing separated isoenzymes were measured by a direct kinetic fluorometric assay. MB activities in normal plasma averaged 1.6 plus and minus 0.28 U/liter (mean plus and minus SD).
Mammalian P2X7 receptor pharmacology: comparison of recombinant mouse, rat and human P2X7 receptors (2009)

These data provide new insights into P2X7 receptor antagonist pharmacology across mammalian species. P2X7 receptor pharmacology in a widely used knockout background mouse strain (C57BL/6) was similar to wild-type mouse P2X7 receptors. Several structurally novel, selective and competitive P2X7 receptor antagonists show less species differences compared with earlier non-selective antagonists.
The relationship between female adiposity and physical attractiveness amongst adults in rural Ranaka village, Botswana (2018)

Objective: The aim was to assess the relationship between female adiposity and physical attractiveness among men and women in Botswana.Design: A cross-sectional study was undertaken.Setting: Ranaka rural village, Botswana.Subjects: Randomly selected adults (n = 113, men = 48 and women = 65), 18–50 years old were recruited.Outcome measures: Scores to indicate the attractiveness of 21 images of female bodies that represented different percentage body fat (%BF) according to participants’ age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were recorded.Results: The perceptions of physical attractiveness of female body size were similar among men and women, regardless of significant differences between the BMI of men and women. Younger (18–30 years) and older participants (31–50 years) separately, as well as underweight/normal weight versus overweight/obese groups all gave higher attractiveness scores for images with a lower %BF. All groups gave the highest score for the same image (%BF of 19% and waist:hip ratio (WHR) of 0.72), and the lowest score for an image with %BF of 49% and WHR of 0.81. There was a significant negative correlation between attractiveness score and %BF of the images for all groups, but no significant correlation between the attractiveness scores for the images and WHR. There was a consistent outlier in the graphs between attractiveness score and %BF with a %BF of 32% and a WHR of 0.61, with a relatively high score of 7.4 out of 9 for all groups.Conclusions: Participant groups according to gender, age or BMI gave similar attractiveness scores for leaner female body images.
Design and fabrication of solar cell modules (1978)

A program conducted for design, fabrication and evaluation of twelve silicon solar cell modules is described. The purpose of the program was to develop a module design consistent with the requirements and objectives of JPL specification and to also incorporate elements of new technologies under development to meet LSSA Project goals. Module development emphasized preparation of a technically and economically competitive design based upon utilization of ion implanted solar cells and a glass encapsulation system. The modules fabricated, tested and delivered were of nominal 2 X 2 foot dimensions and 20 watt minimum rating. Basic design, design rationale, performance and results of environmental testing are described.
Error correction, interleaving and differential pulse position modulation (1988)

Abstract This paper discusses the interaction of error, correction, interleaving and modulation format in relation to intersatellite communication by optical technologies, concentrating on the performance and design of pulse position modulation and a variant, differential pulse position modulation with Reed—Solomon codes, helical interleaving and various forecast strategies.
La ciudad del deseo (2000)

?Que es un puente? Preguntaba el falso ingenuo Julio Cortazar. Y se respondia: una persona cruzando un puente.?Que es una ciudad? Un lugar con mucha gente. Un espacio publico, abierto y protegido. Un lugar, es decir un hecho material productor de sentido. Una concentracion de puntos de encuentros. En la ciudad lo primero son las calles y plazas, los espacios colectivos, luego vendran los edificios y las vias. El espacio publico define la calidad de la ciudad, porque indica la calidad de vida de la gente y la cualidad de la ciudadania de sus habitantes. El hermoso libro de Allan Jacobs, The streets of the cities analiza, precisamente, las ciudades a partir de la calidad –estetica y cultural, funcional y social, simbolica y modernade sus calles. Entre las cinco primeras se incluyen dos avenidas de Barcelona, las Ramblas y el Paseo de Gracia. iFantastico para un barcelones que, sin embargo, no puede olvidar que en los anos 60, el mal llamado urbanismo desarrollista estuvo a un tris de desaparecer estos paseos urbanos en aras de las vias rapidas. Por fortuna la ciudadania resistio y los nuevos rumbos de los anos 80 nos devolvieron la cultura de Cerda, el urbanista de la cuadricula quien declaro: “en la ciudad las calles no son carreteras” y la priorizacion de los espacios publicos como estrategia de “hacer ciudad sobre la ciudad”. La ciudad del deseo
A New Reaction of Bisphenol A and Preparation of Polysubstituted 9,9-Dimethylxanthenes (1997)

A new transformation of bisphenol A (1) to polymethylated 9,9-dimethylxanthenes 2−5 in the presence of an exogenous phenol is described. The reaction proceeds with concurrent liberation of phenol, is catalyzed by strong acid, and takes place at synthetically useful rates at temperatures above 100 °C. Materials chemically related to bisphenol A, polycarbonate 10, chroman 11, and tars generated during the manufacture of 1, behave similarly. The product xanthenes are useful as precursors to novel xanthene polyesters such as 33 having high glass transition temperatures relative to analogous materials based on 12 or 13. Catalytic oxidation of xanthenes 2−4 affords highly insoluble diacids that are esterified to the esters 6−8. A mechanistic framework accounting for the appearance of chroman 23 and spiroketal 24 as intermediates is given. Overall, the reaction has the characteristics of a complex series of equilibria in which xanthenes such as 2 are strongly favored.
Plasma etching with surface magnetic field confinement (1983)

A plasma etching reactor is described which combines a primary electron source, surface magnetic field confinement, and independently controlled substrate biasing. Preliminary measurements show that the reactor produces a large volume of dense plasma at low pressure. The plasma parameters are uniform to within ±1% over the working volume, with almost no perturbing radio-frequency electric fields. Profiles can be etched into polysilicon in CF4 plasmas with etch rates ≥2000 Å/min.
ORDER: object centric deterministic replay for Java (2011)

Deterministic replay systems, which record and replay non-deterministic events during program execution, have many applications such as bug diagnosis, intrusion analysis and fault tolerance. It is well understood how to replay native (e.g., C) programs on multi-processors, while there is little work for concurrent java applications on multicore. State-of-the-art work for Java either assumes data-race free execution, or relies on static instrumentation, which leads to missing some necessary nondeterministic events. This paper proposes the ORDER framework to record and reproduce non-deterministic events inside Java virtual machine (JVM). Based on observations of good locality at object level for threads and frequent object movements due to garbage collection, ORDER records and replays non-deterministic data accesses by logging and enforcing the order in which threads access objects. This essentially eliminates unnecessary dependencies introduced by address changes of objects during garbage collection and enjoys good locality as well as less contention, which may result in scalable performance on multicore. Further, by dynamically instrumenting Java code in the JVM compilation pipeline, ORDER naturally covers non-determinism in dynamically loaded classes. We have implemented ORDER based on Apache Harmony. Evaluation on SPECjvm2008, PseudoJBB2005, and JRuby shows that ORDER only incurs 108 % performance overhead on average and scales well on a 16-core Xeon testbed. Evaluation with a real-world application, JRuby, shows that several real-world concurrency bugs can be successfully reproduced.
Fetal Mammalian Heart Generates a Robust Compensatory Response to Cell Loss (2015)

Our study defines the threshold for cell loss in the embryonic mammalian heart and reveals a robust cardiomyocyte compensatory response that sustains normal fetal development.
Multiple Asymmetries and Exchange Rate Exposure at Firm Level: Evidence from Taiwan Stock Market (2012)

It has been viewed as an unsolved puzzle that for only a small number of firms a significant impact of foreign exchange rate risk on firm value could be detected empirically even though the financial theory strongly supports that a change in the exchange rate should affect the value of the firm. We explain it by the facts that (i) previous studies mostly investigated mature and non-open economies and (ii) they mostly concentrated on one part of the relationship between exchange exposure and firm value. Our empirical results are based on a sample of 107 Taiwanese non-financial firms from 6th June 1990 to 14th July 2010 and the bilateral exchange rate USD / TWD. We use an orthogonalized model with conventional augmented CAPM specifications and asymmetric variables. Because the exposure cannot be viewed as a single coefficient, we also add GJR GARCH specifications to measure the asymmetric profile of the firms and the existence of asymmetric volatility of returns. Our findings show a strong exposure for most of our sample with exclusively a negative exposure (Taiwanese firms benefit from an appreciation of the domestic currency). We also find that exposure is non-linear. Moreover, the asymmetric profiles of the firms modify significantly their exposure. Finally, a high percentage of our monthly sample is affected by a positive coefficient of volatility of the stock returns associated with exchange rates changes but conversely for our daily sample. It means that the leverage of positive and negative shocks changes with the time horizon.
Signal processing for hearing impairment. (1993)

Four noise reduction methods for use in sensory aids for hearing impairment were evaluated. These include a two-microphone adaptive noise canceller, short-term Wiener filtering, a transformed spectrum subtraction technique, and sinusoidal modelling. The largest improvements in speech recognition were obtained with the two-microphone adaptive noise canceller in a moderately reverberant room. Significant improvements were also obtained for short-term Wiener filtering for some hearing-impaired subjects. The transformed spectrum-subtraction technique failed to improve performance as the front-end of a hearing aid, but yielded improvements in performance as a preprocessor for the Nucleus Cochlear Implant. Sinusoidal modelling resulted in significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio, but without a corresponding improvement in speech intelligibility.
Molecular Interactions in the Activation of Effector and Precursor Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1995)

Cell-cell interactions are influenced by parameters that cannot readily be studied using either intact cells or soluble molecules. Replacing one of the pair of interacting cells with an artificial cell surface construct allows novel insights to be gained into some of these parameters. Application of this approach to the study of CTL has helped to clarify the contrasting roles of some of the various receptors that are involved in recognition, adhesion and activation. In addition, it has revealed features of these receptor ligand interactions that help to explain how CTL are able to carry out effective immune surveillance and elimination of virus-infected or tumor cells. Although not discussed in this review, artificial cell surface constructs have also been effectively employed to study the interaction of TH cells with class II bearing surfaces. Class I protein and peptide antigen can be sufficient to mediate adhesion and activate CTL effector function through the TCR and CD8. In addition, interactions of other co-receptors with their ligands can act along with TCR and CD8 in a cascade of activated adhesion and co-stimulatory signal generation to allow adhesion and response when antigen and/or class I surface densities are too low to be sufficient by themselves to initiate response. The relative contributions of the various receptor/ligand interactions to a given CTL/target encounter will depend upon the affinity of the TCR for antigen and on the densities and types of ligands, including antigen, displayed on the target cell surface. It appears that the CTL has the ability to accomplish its task in a variety of ways, providing it with considerable flexibility in recognizing and eliminating antigen-bearing target cells. Thus, downregulation of any one particular ligand on a virus-infected or tumor cell does not allow escape from CTL surveillance provided that at least a low level of class I antigen remains present. The CTL is able to employ several co-receptors specific for ligands common to many cell types without being diverted from effective immune surveillance, since these receptors only become activated to mediate high-avidity adhesion when antigen is detected by the TCR. Cloned effector CTL are most amenable to studies of the kind reviewed here, since large numbers of homogenous cells can be obtained, antigen-specific adhesion can be readily measured and response is rapid and easily quantitated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Distribution of myeloma plasma cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow correlates with CD56 expression (1999)

There is a wide variation in the degree of marrow and blood involvement between patients with multiple myeloma. Both of these parameters are known to be highly significant prognostic factors, and the differences between patients may be due to variable expression of adhesion molecules. To test this we used three-colour flow cytometry to study three adhesion molecules associated with myeloma, namely CD38, CD56 and CD138. The level of expression of these molecules was compared with the distribution of myeloma plasma cells in bone marrow (n=59) and peripheral blood (n=26) in patients at presentation or relapse. The extent of marrow infiltration on the trephine biopsy correlated inversely with CD56 expression (Mann-Whitney U Test, P=0.022); there was no difference in CD38 or in CD138 expression. CD56 expression also correlated inversely with the number of circulating plasma cells (linear regression, R2=0.4268, slope=-0.58, P=0.0003). Peripheral blood plasma cell numbers correlated weakly with bone marrow plasmacytosis, and inversely with CD38 expression. The level of CD56 expression by neoplastic plasma cells was assessed in 37 patients over a median of 11 months (range 6-25). There was no significant change in expression (Wilcoxon Signed Rank, P=0.6271). We conclude that plasma cell CD56 expression is constant over the course of the disease; unlike CD138 expression, it is significantly linked to the degree of both bone marrow and peripheral blood involvement.
110 GHz gyrotron with a built-in high-efficiency converter (1992)

Abstract A 110 GHz 1 MW pulse gyrotron has been elaborated. A built-in electrodynamic duct consisting of a new type quasi-optical converter and three matching mirrors transforms operating mode TE15,4 into a gaussian beam going through the output window. The efficiency of the duct (ratio of the gaussian beam power outside the gyrotron to the total microwave power at the output of the cavity) is about 95%. A system consisting of the gyrotron and an outer mirror transmission line is proved to have efficiency (ratio of the microwave power measured by calorimeter at the end of line to the power of the electron beam) more than 40%.
Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of an anti-emetic agent Granisetron in pharmaceutical formulation and biological matrix (2012)

Granisetron showed one well-defined reduction peak at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) in the potential range from -1.3 to -1.5 V due to reduction of C=N bond. Solid-phase extraction technique was employed for extraction of Granisetron from spiked human plasma. Granisetron showed peak current enhancement of 4.45% at square-wave voltammetry and 5.33% at cyclic voltammetry as compared with the non stripping techniques. The proposed voltammetric method allowed quantification of Granisetron in pharmaceutical formulation over the target concentration range of 50-200 ng/mL with detection limit 13.63 ng/mL, whereas in human plasma 50-225 ng/mL with detection limit 11.75 ng/mL.