gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-organized criticality & stochastic learning based intrusion detection system for wireless sensor networks (2004)

In a constant search for efficient security control and intrusion detection systems (IDS), the ultimate goal in designing protocols remains less resource consumption while possessing broad coverage and wider applicability. Wireless sensors have become an excellent tool for military applications involving intrusion detection, perimeter monitoring, information gathering and smart logistics support in an unknown deployed area. Since sensor networks are resource-constrained devices, their design needs to minimize efforts without compromising the task's integrity. For this purpose, we propose a novel approach for an intrusion detection based on the structure of naturally occurring events. With the acquired knowledge distilled from the self-organized criticality aspect of the deployment region, we apply a hidden Markov model. In other words, we let our sensor network adapt to the norm of the dynamics in its natural surroundings so that any unusual activities can be singled out. Our IDS is simple to employ, requires minimal processing and data storage. Experimental scenarios are presented as verification of its functionality and practicality.
Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Application to the synthesis of multiblock copolyesters (2014)

The chemical recycling of the poly(ethylene terephthalate), (PET), has been successfully carried out by glycolysis in the presence of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) resulting in the formation of hydroxytelechelic oligomers. These oligomers were then treated with carboxytelechelic poly(!-caprolactone) oligomers of -M n = 2300 and -M n = 730 gmol -1 molecular weight, in the absence or presence of the titanium tetrabutyloxide (Ti(OBu) 4 ) as a catalyst to get multiblock copolyesters. The chemical structure of the synthesized copolyesters was investigated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy. Moreover the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to explore their thermal properties. The ester-ester interchange reaction was observed between the two oligopolyesters, was studied and discussed in detail.
Cyclic meso-ionic compounds. Part XI. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and chemistry of 1,3,4-triazolium-2-aminides (1974)

A new route to the meso-ionic 1,3,4-triazolium-2-aminides (I) is reported, yielding a number of derivatives including pairs of structural isomers of the types (I) and (II). Their physical properties and chemical reactions are discussed, including the isomerisation (I)→(II).
The processor‐sharing queueing model for time‐shared systems with bulk arrivals (1971)

Abstract We consider a model which is applicable to time‐multi‐plexed systems, such as multiplexed communication channels and time‐shared computing facilities. In this (processor‐sharing) queueing model, all jobs currently in the system share equally the processing capability of the server. In this paper, we investigate the processor‐sharing model for the case of bulk arrivals. The mean response time of the system as a function of required service time is derived. An example is given to show the effect of bulk arrivals versus single arrivals for a constant utilization.
A 10-GHz CMOS quadrature LC-VCO for multirate optical applications (2003)

A 10-GHz quadrature LC-VCO (QVCO) fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process for 10-Gb/s multirate optical applications is described. Bimodal oscillation behavior (or phase ambiguity) inherent to quadrature LC-VCOs is analyzed theoretically and a cascode-based coupling method is proposed which effectively eliminates bimodal oscillation. Digitally controlled capacitor arrays are used in this design to extend the tuning range of the QVCO to cover multirate operations. The QVCO achieves a jitter generation of only 32 mUI/sub pp/ at 10 GHz and a phase noise of -95 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset with only 8 mA of current consumption in the QVCO core.
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Recent patterns of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy in clinical practice (2009)

4120 Background: New systemic chemotherapies, particularly the MoAbs, bevacizumab (BMab), cetuximab (CMab), and panitumumab (PMab) have advanced therapy for mCRC. However, the optimal combination and sequencing of these and other chemotherapies are not established, and little is known about their patterns of use in clinical practice. We examined the frequency, patterns of use, and dosing changes of MoAbs across lines of therapy. Methods: The dataset consists of Varian and Impac electronic medical records for 304,654 cancer patients from 91 practice sites across 19 states. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied: ≥18 years old, newly diagnosed with mCRC or developed metastases during 1/1/2004 - 1/31/2008, and could be observed ≥3 months beyond their dates of metastases. Patients on a clinical trial at any time during the analysis were excluded. Results: The study sample included 1,655 patients (52% male, mean age 61.9 years). 11% received all five therapeutic classes: fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, EGFR MoAbs (PMab and CMab), and VEGF MoAb (BMab). 19% received at least 3 treatment classes. BMab, fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (BMab+FOLFOX) was the most frequently observed 1 st line regimen in 26% of patients. Across the study period more patients received BMab than PMab or CMab (69%, 7%, and 22%, respectively, for any exposure); 55% received BMab for 1 st -line therapy. A BMab dose increase within a line of therapy was recorded in 22% of patients for 1 st -line, 21% for 2 nd -line, and 15% for 3 rd -line. Among patients who continued BMab from 1 st to 2 nd line (N=239) and 2 nd to 3 rd line (N=88), 44% and 39%, respectively had a dose increase (mean/month 890mg to 1078mg, and 844mg to 1053mg). Conclusions: The most frequent 1 st -line chemo regimen was FOLFOX. BMab was the most commonly administrated MoAb. Trends toward dose-escalation of BMab were observed both within lines of therapy and across lines of therapy. [Table: see text]
Cavity-excited Huygens’ metasurface antennas for near-unity aperture illumination efficiency from arbitrarily large apertures (2016)

One of the long-standing problems in antenna engineering is the realization of highly directive beams using low-profile devices. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem by means of Huygens' metasurfaces (HMSs), based on the equivalence principle. This principle states that a given excitation can be transformed to a desirable aperture field by inducing suitable electric and (equivalent) magnetic surface currents. Building on this concept, we propose and demonstrate cavity-excited HMS antennas, where the single-source-fed cavity is designed to optimize aperture illumination, while the HMS facilitates the current distribution that ensures phase purity of aperture fields. The HMS breaks the coupling between the excitation and radiation spectra typical to standard partially reflecting surfaces, allowing tailoring of the aperture properties to produce a desirable radiation pattern, without incurring edge-taper losses. The proposed low-profile design yields near-unity aperture illumination efficiencies from arbitrarily large apertures, offering new capabilities for microwave, terahertz and optical radiators.
Proposal of an Ultracompact CMOS-Compatible TE-/TM-Pass Polarizer Based on SoI Platform (2014)

An all-dielectric transverse electric (TE)-/transverse magnetic (TM)-pass polarizer based on silicon-on-insulator (SoI) is proposed and analyzed. The symmetric etching of the silicon nanowire with specific values allows the cutoff of the undesired polarization state while the other is propagated with minimal losses. The proposed SoI polarizer can achieve 26- and 30-dB extinction ratios and 0.4-dB insertion losses for both TE- and TM-pass polarizers, respectively, with a very compact device length as short as 2.5 μm. The polarizer maintains <;1-dB insertion loss and >20-dB extinction ratio over a wide wavelength range of 1.454-1.68 μm. Fabrication of the introduced device is compatible with standard CMOS fabrication process.
Antibacterial finish for cotton fabric from herbal products (2010)

An ecofriendly natural antibacterial finish has been prepared from the plant extracts for textile application. Herbal extracts from Ocimum sanctum (tulsi leaf) and rind of Punica granatum (pomegranate) have been applied to cotton fabric by the method of direct application, micro-encapsulation, resin cross-linking and their combinations. All the treatments show good antibacterial properties for the fabrics. Except the method of direct application, all other treatments show good washing durability up to 15 washes. The surface morphological studies using SEM show the surface coating, microcapsules and some fibrillation. The GC-MS studies reveal that the major components responsible for the antibacterial properties are Eugenol, Germacrene and Phytol. A small decrease in tensile strength and crease recovery angle is observed for resin treated and micro-encapsulated fabrics respectively. But in the combined processes no significant changes are observed.
Acute Humanin Therapy Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice (2010)

These data show that HNG provides cardioprotection in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion potentially through activation of AMPK-endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated signaling and regulation of apoptotic factors. HNG may represent a novel agent for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
A 128×128 CMOS image sensor with analog memory for synchronous image capture (2002)

A 128/spl times/128 CMOS imager that permits synchronous capture is presented. The sensor combines the best of CMOS imagers (low-power, random readout, nondestructive readout, single supply voltage...) and synchronous capture [available in high-end charge coupled device (CCD) imagers]. The key point in obtaining such characteristics is the separation of the photosensor and the storage element. Although some sensors with these characteristics have been reported, in this sensor, the storage capability has been brought a step further, having storage times of the order of tens of seconds, and being able to use the array itself as a random access memory (RAM). This could avoid the use of external RAM, making the system simpler, more compact, and of low-power consumption.
Reflection-induced changes in the optical spectra of 980-nm QW lasers (1994)

High-power 980-nm strained quantum well diode lasers having low reflectivity facet coatings are sensitive to weak reflections that affect the laser emission spectrum. In devices having 0.2% output facet reflectivity, 2% reflections from an external plane mirror shifted the output spectrum from 970 to 1000 mn. Wavelength stabilization and improved immunity to spurious reflections were demonstrated using bulk grating and fiber-grating reflectors. Continuous laser tuning from 958 to 1011 nm was achieved with 1% net grating reflectivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Properties for Solving the Single-Machine Scheduling Problem with Early/Tardy Jobs (2016)

Abstract This paper presents a mathematically enhanced genetic algorithm (MEGA) using the mathematical properties of the single-machine scheduling of multiple jobs with a common due date. The objective of the problem is to minimize the sum of earliness and tardiness penalty costs in order to encourage the completion time of each job as close as possible to the common due date. The importance of the problem is derived from its NP-hardness and its ideal modeling of just-in-time concept. This philosophy becomes very significant in modern manufacturing and service systems, where policy makers emphasize that a job should be completed as close as possible to its due date. That is to avoid inventory costs and loss of customer’s goodwill. Five mathematical properties are identified and integrated into a genetic algorithm search process to avoid premature convergence, reduce computational effort, and produce high-quality solutions. The computational results demonstrate the significant impact of the introduced properties on the efficiency and effectiveness of MEGA and its competitiveness to state-of-the-art approaches.
Low Levels of Circulating CD4+FoxP3+ T Cells Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Development of Myocardial Infarction But Not for Stroke (2012)

This study provides prospective evidence for the role of Tregs in the development of myocardial infarction. The findings are in accordance with previous experimental studies and provide clinical support for a protective role of Tregs in atherosclerosis. The lack of association between Tregs and stroke may reflect the more heterogeneous cause of this disease.
Bayesian periodogram smoothing for speech enhancement (2009)

<p>Periodogram smoothing of the received noisy signal is a challenging problem in speech enhancement. We present a Bayesian approach, where the instantaneous periodogram is smoothed through an adaptive smoothing parameter. By updating sufficient statistics using new samples of the noisy signal, the smoothing parameter is adjusted on-line. The performance of the novel smoothing algorithm is studied in a speech enhancement context. It is demonstrated that with respect to Mean Square Error, the proposed Bayesian smoothing algorithm performs better than the other non-Bayesian smoothing algorithms in higher signal-to-noise ratio environments.</p>
High-density plasma etching of compound semiconductors (1997)

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of GaAs, GaP, and InP is reported as a function of plasma chemistry, chamber pressure, rf power, and source power. Etches were characterized in terms of rate and anisotropy using scanning electron microscopy, and root-mean-square surface roughness using atomic force microscopy. ICP etch rates were compared to electron cyclotron resonance etch rates for Cl2/Ar, Cl2/N2, BCl3/Ar, and BCl3/N2 plasmas under similar plasma conditions. High GaAs and GaP etch rates (exceeding 1500 nm/min) were obtained in Cl2-based plasmas due to the high concentration of reactive Cl neutrals and ions generated as compared to BCl3-based plasmas. InP etch rates were much slower and independent of plasma chemistry due to the low volatility of the InClx etch products. The surface morphology for all three materials was smooth over a wide range of etch conditions.
Active probes for network analysis within 70-230 GHz (1999)

This paper presents a vector network analyzer system for the 70-230-GHz bandwidth. The instrument employs active probes for millimeter-wave signal generation and detection, and for signal delivery to the device-under-test. Milimeter-wave signals are generated and detected within the active probes using an integrated circuit (IC) based on nonlinear transmission lines. The IC contains all elements of an S-parameter test set: a multiplier to generate the radio-frequency signal, directional couplers to separate the incident and reflected waves, and a pair of high-speed sampling circuits to convert the signals down to lower frequencies. Two-port measurements over the 70-230-GHz bandwidth are demonstrated, including those of directional couplers and millimeter-wave high electron-mobility transistors.
Characterization of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which expresses a glycoprotein D lacking asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (1991)

Glycoprotein D (gD) is an envelope component of herpes simplex virus essential for virus penetration. gD contains three sites for addition of asparagine-linked carbohydrates (N-CHO), all of which are utilized. Previously, we characterized mutant forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 gD (gD-1) lacking one or all three N-CHO addition sites. All of the mutants complemented the infectivity of a gD-minus virus, F-gD beta, to the same extent as wild-type gD. Here, we show that recombinant viruses containing mutations in the gD-1 gene which eliminate the three N-CHO signals are viable. Two such viruses, called F-gD(QAA)-1 and F-gD(QAA)-2, were independently isolated, and the three mutations in the gD gene in one of these viruses were verified by DNA sequencing. We also verified that the gD produced in cells infected by these viruses is devoid of N-CHO. Plaques formed by both mutants developed more slowly than those of the wild-type control virus, F-gD(WT), and were approximately one-half the size of the wild-type. One mutant, F-gD(QAA)-2, was selected for further study. The QAA mutant and wild-type gD proteins extracted from infected cells differed in structure, as determined by the binding of monoclonal antibodies to discontinuous epitopes. However, flow cytometry analysis showed that the amount and structure of gD found on infected cell surfaces was unaffected by the presence or absence of N-CHO. Other properties of F-gD(QAA)-2 were quite similar to those of F-gD(WT). These included (i) the kinetics of virus production as well as the intracellular and extracellular virus titers; (ii) the rate of virus entry into uninfected cells; (iii) the levels of gB, gC, gE, gH, and gI expressed by infected cells; and (iv) the turnover time of gD. Thus, the absence of N-CHO from gD-1 has some effect on its structure but very little effect on its function in virus infection in cell culture.
Vanadium Respiration by <i>Geobacter metallireducens</i> : Novel Strategy for In Situ Removal of Vanadium from Groundwater (2004)

Vanadium can be an important contaminant in groundwaters impacted by mining activities. In order to determine if microorganisms of the Geobacteraceae, the predominant dissimilatory metal reducers in many subsurface environments, were capable of reducing vanadium(V), Geobacter metallireducens was inoculated into a medium in which acetate was the electron donor and vanadium(V) was the sole electron acceptor. Reduction of vanadium(V) resulted in the production of vanadium(IV), which subsequently precipitated. Reduction of vanadium(V) was associated with cell growth with a generation time of 15 h. No vanadium(V) was reduced and no precipitate was formed in heat-killed or abiotic controls. Acetate was the most effective of all the electron donors evaluated. When acetate was injected into the subsurface to enhance the growth and activity of Geobacteraceae in an aquifer contaminated with uranium and vanadium, vanadium was removed from the groundwater even more effectively than uranium. These studies demonstrate that G. metallireducens can grow via vanadium(V) respiration and that stimulating the activity of Geobacteraceae, and hence vanadium(V) reduction, can be an effective strategy for in situ immobilization of vanadium in contaminated subsurface environments.
Pt(Me-Duphos)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrophosphination of Activated Olefins:  Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Phosphines (2000)

Platinum-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of activated olefins using the catalyst precursor Pt(R,R-Me-Duphos)(trans-stilbene) (1) gives chiral phosphines with control of stereochemistry at phosphorus or carbon centers. Stoichiometric reactions of 1 allow observation of P−H oxidative addition, diastereoselective olefin insertion, and reductive elimination steps, which make up the proposed catalytic cycle.
elPrep: High-Performance Preparation of Sequence Alignment/Map Files for Variant Calling (2015)

elPrep is a high-performance tool for preparing sequence alignment/map files for variant calling in sequencing pipelines. It can be used as a replacement for SAMtools and Picard for preparation steps such as filtering, sorting, marking duplicates, reordering contigs, and so on, while producing identical results. What sets elPrep apart is its software architecture that allows executing preparation pipelines by making only a single pass through the data, no matter how many preparation steps are used in the pipeline. elPrep is designed as a multithreaded application that runs entirely in memory, avoids repeated file I/O, and merges the computation of several preparation steps to significantly speed up the execution time. For example, for a preparation pipeline of five steps on a whole-exome BAM file (NA12878), we reduce the execution time from about 1:40 hours, when using a combination of SAMtools and Picard, to about 15 minutes when using elPrep, while utilising the same server resources, here 48 threads and 23GB of RAM. For the same pipeline on whole-genome data (NA12878), elPrep reduces the runtime from 24 hours to less than 5 hours. As a typical clinical study may contain sequencing data for hundreds of patients, elPrep can remove several hundreds of hours of computing time, and thus substantially reduce analysis time and cost.
Agmatine improves locomotor function and reduces tissue damage following spinal cord injury (2000)

Clinically effective drug treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unavailable. Agmatine, an NMDA receptor antagonist and inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is an endogenous neuromodulator found in the brain and spinal cord. Evidence is presented that agmatine significantly improves locomotor function and reduces tissue damage following traumatic SCI in rats. The results suggest the importance of future therapeutic strategies encompassing the use of single drugs with multiple targets for the treatment of acute SCI. The therapeutic targets of agmatine (NMDA receptor and NOS) have been shown to be critically linked to the pathophysiological sequelae of CNS injury and this, combined with the non-toxic profile, lends support to agmatine being considered as a potential candidate for future clinical applications.
Efficient perovskite solar cells based on low-temperature solution-processed (CH3NH3)PbI3 perovskite/CuInS2 planar heterojunctions (2014)

In this work, the solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) planar heterojunction solar cells with Al2O3 as a scaffold were fabricated at a temperature as low as 250°C for the first time, in which the indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass instead of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass was used as the light-incidence electrode and the solution-processed CuInS2 layer was prepared to replace the commonly used TiO2 layer in previously reported perovskite-based solar cells. The influence of the thickness of the as-prepared CuInS2 film on the performance of the ITO/CuInS2(n)/Al2O3/(CH3NH3)PbI3/Ag cells was investigated. The ITO/CuInS2(2)/Al2O3/(CH3NH3)PbI3/Ag cell showed the best performance and achieved power conversion efficiency up to 5.30%.
ChemInform Abstract: Acidity and Catalytic Activity of Zirconium and Titanium Sulfates Heat‐Treated at High Temperature. Solid Superacid Catalysts. (1990)

Abstract Among the samples heat‐treated above 500 °C, the highest activities for cracking of cumene are observed for the products obtained by calcination at 725 °C for Zr(SO 4 ) 2 and at 625 °C for Ti(SO 4 ) 2 .
The Distribution of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Hardwood Lignins (1993)

Abstract Periodate oxidation, because of its high selectivity in the degradation of free-phenolic units, has been used along with the combined phenyl nucleus exchange and nitrobenzene oxidation techniques to estimate the distribution of phenolic hydroxyl groups in hardwood lignins. Analyses of the aspen and white birch wood lignin in situ indicate that the percentage of uncon-densed structures having a phenolic hydroxyl group was considerably higher for guaiacyl (∼20%) than for syringyl (−5%) units. Thus, the total phenolic hydroxyl groups of hardwood lignins are largely associated with the guaiacyl propane units.