gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Periodic Microbump Arrays by Metal-Assisted Photodissolution of InP (2010)

The metal-assisted chemical etching of an InP substrate combined with UV irradiation was investigated. Microbump arrays with ordered intervals were fabricated by the site-selective photodissolution of an InP substrate using patterned noble-metal films as catalysts. The etching rate of the InP substrate using noble-metal catalysts was drastically accelerated by UV irradiation. The etching speed of the present “metal-assisted photodissolution” increased in the order of Au < Pd < Pt, corresponding to the order of the magnitude of the work function of each metal used in this study.
Therapy of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Epithelial Tumors (1997)

Papillomavirus infections are very common and cause various benign and malignant lesions, most notably condyloma acuminatum, anogenital cancer, laryngeal papilloma and skin warts. Unfortunately, effective therapy is currently not available. Therapeutic options are limited, expensive and often ineffective. They comprise cytodestructive and cytotoxic substances, surgical methods, laser and cryotherapy. Immunotherapy seems to be one of the more promising options. Interferons combined with ablative methods such as CO2 laser can prevent recurrence of disease. Cytokine enhancement is an old concept that has shown effectiveness with imidazoquinolinamine derivatives (imiquimod). Imiquimod was released recently for therapy of genital warts. Currently, HPV vaccines are being developed to protect against infection with HPV and to treat existing warts and other HPV-associated lesions. Some processes in the HPV infection cycle have been determined as possible targets for the development of specific antiviral agents. Cidofovir is a primordial antiviral substance active against HPV. Unfortunately, there is a potential risk for side effects.
Quenching Dynamics of the Photoluminescence of [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>-Pendant PAMAM Dendrimers by Nitro Aromatics and Other Materials (2003)

The Stern−Volmer quenching constants (Ksv) for poly(amidoamine)- (PAMAM-) based dendrimers (generations G0−G4) modified with (4, 8, 16, 32 and 64) pendant [Ru(bpy)3]+2 (bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine) chromophores have been measured in the presence of three nitroaromatic quenchers (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene = TNT, 2,4-dinitrotoluene = DNT, nitrotoluene = NT), two negatively charged quenchers (K3Fe(CN)6, Na4Fe(CN)6), and one energy transfer type quencher (Fe(C5H5)2). The quenching efficiencies were calculated for the dendrimers (G0−G4) in the presence of TNT and were found to peak for dend-16-Ru(bpy)3. The generation dependence of the quenching efficiency mirrors the calculated crowding factor and the variations were attributed to changes in the 3-dimensional structure with generation (size) and the associated changes in the accessibility of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+-pendant groups. Electrostatic attractions between the positively charged dendrimers and the negatively charged quenchers resulted in larger Ksv values when compared to the reference complex, [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The addition of electrolyte to an ionic strength of 0.1 M (KCl or NaCl) caused a diminution of the Ksv values by 60%, consistent with electrostatic interactions and charge screening effects.
Enhancement of <i>Sleeping Beauty</i> Transposition by CpG Methylation: Possible Role of Heterochromatin Formation (2004)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase is the most active transposase in vertebrate cells, and the SB transposon system has been used as a tool for insertional mutagenesis and gene delivery. Previous studies have indicated that the frequency of chromosomal transposition is considerably higher in mouse germ cells than in mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting the existence of unknown mechanisms that regulate SB transposition. Here, we demonstrated that CpG methylation of the transposon region enhances SB transposition. The transposition efficiencies of a methylated transposon and an unmethylated transposon which had been targeted in the same genomic loci by recombination-mediated cassette exchange in mouse erythroleukemia cells were compared, and at least a 100-fold increase was observed in the methylated transposon. CpG methylation also enhanced transposition from plasmids into the genome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that histone H3 methylated at lysine-9, a hallmark of condensed heterochromatin, was enriched at the methylated transposon, whereas the unmethylated transposon formed a relaxed euchromatin structure, as evidenced by enrichment of acetylated histone H3 and reporter gene expression. Possible roles of heterochromatin formation in the transposition reaction are discussed. Our findings indicate a novel relationship between CpG methylation and transposon mobilization.
Relationship between C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links (ICTP) and putative periodontal pathogens in periodontitis (1998)

Crevicular fluid pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) is predictive for future alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in dogs. The present study sought to relate ICTP to a panel of subgingival species in subjects exhibiting various clinical presentations such as health (n=7), gingivitis (n=8) and periodontitis (n=21). 28 subgingival plaque and GCF samples were taken from mesiobuccal sites in each of 36 subjects. The presence and levels of 40 subgingival taxa were determined in plaque samples using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. GCF ICTP levels were quantified using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Clinical assessments made at the same sites included: BOP, gingival redness, plaque, pocket depth, and attachment level. Differences among ICTP levels in the 3 subject groups were sought using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Relationships between ICTP levels and clinical parameters as well as subgingival species were determined by regression analysis. The results demonstrated significant differences among disease categories for GCF ICTP levels for healthy (1.1+0.6 pg/site (mean+/-SEM)) gingivitis (14.8+/-6.6 pg/site) and periodontitis subjects (30.3+5.7 pg/site) (p= 0.0017). ICTP levels related modestly to several clinical parameters. Regression analysis indicated that ICTP levels correlated strongly with mean subject levels of several periodontal pathogens including B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens and T. denticola (p<0.01). The data indicate that there is a positive relationship between the putative bone resorptive marker ICTP and periodontal pathogens.
Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity (2008)

Three strains of anaerobic, variably pigmenting, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral mucosal tissue were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that the strains constituted a novel group within the genus Prevotella, being most closely related to Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella veroralis. A novel species, Prevotella histicola sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. Prevotella histicola is saccharolytic and produces acetic acid and succinic acid as major end products of fermentation and trace to minor amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 43 mol%. The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T).
A Bayesian Approach to the Data Description Problem (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of data description using a Bayesian framework. The goal of data description is to draw a boundary around objects of a certain class of interest to discriminate that class from the rest of the feature space. Data description is also known as one-class learning and has a wide range of applications. The proposed approach uses a Bayesian framework to precisely compute the class boundary and therefore can utilize domain information in form of prior knowledge in the framework. It can also operate in the kernel space and therefore recognize arbitrary boundary shapes. Moreover, the proposed method can utilize unlabeled data in order to improve accuracy of discrimination. We evaluate our method using various real-world datasets and compare it with other state of the art approaches of data description. Experiments show promising results and improved performance over other data description and one-class learning algorithms.
The Potential Benefits of BIM in the Further Pursuit of Biomarker Discovery in Cancer Therapeutics (2011)

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Faber and colleagues demonstrate that the basal expression of BIM is positively correlated with the amount of apoptosis induced by the corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment within the same subtype of several oncogene-addicted cancer cell types. Their results suggest that pre-treatment assessment of BIM levels can identify patients who would benefit from molecularly targeted therapies even after biomarker-based patient selection.
An evaluation of new methods of expressing aortic aneurysm size: Relationship to rupture (1992)

The diameter of aortic aneurysms were standardized to measures of patient size and normal aortic size in an effort to define indexes that might be more predictive of aneurysm rupture than raw aneurysm diameter alone. Normal aortic diameters were measured in 100 patients undergoing abdominal CT scans for other reasons, and an average infrarenal aortic diameter of 2.10 +/- 0.05 cm was observed. Normal aortic diameter was dependent on both age and sex, ranging from 1.71 +/- 0.06 cm in women below age 40 years to 2.85 +/- 0.04 cm in men above age 70 years. Overall, 11 (5.1%) of the ruptures occurred in aneurysms less than 5 cm in diameter, and four (1.9%) occurred in aneurysms less than 4.0 cm in diameter. When the CT scans of 100 patients undergoing elective aneurysm resection were compared with those of 36 patients with ruptured aneurysms, no threshold diameter value accurately discriminated between the two groups. However, standardization of the aneurysm diameter to the transverse diameter of the third lumbar vertebral body as an index of patient body size produced an accurate predictor of rupture when a threshold ratio of 1.0 was used. No aneurysm ruptured below this ratio, but 29% of elective aneurysms were smaller than the vertebral body diameter. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the superiority of the aneurysm to vertebral body diameter ratio as a discriminator of ruptured aneurysms. It appears that aneurysm diameter alone is not sufficiently predictive of rupture to be used as the sole indication for elective resection.
Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World (2000)

Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison, Frances J. Milliken, Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 2000), pp. 706-725
Synthetic retinoid CD437 promotes rapid apoptosis in malignant human epidermal keratinocytes and G1 arrest in their normal counterparts (2000)

Four human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells from two donors were examined for sensitivity to the synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1 -adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naph-thalene carboxylic acid (CD437) alone or in combination with other agents. CD437 promoted rapid (within 2 h) apoptosis in SCC cells and G1 arrest in NHEK cells. G1 arrest in NHEK cells was sustained for 48 h while apoptosis occurred in approximately 60% of SCC cell after 24 h. Apoptosis could not be inhibited by nuclear retinoic acid receptor antagonists or cycloheximide, indicating CD437 was functioning in a receptor-independent manner. All-trans retinoic acid not only failed to induce apoptosis in SCC cells even at 20-fold higher concentration relative to the effective concentration of CD437; it also decreased the efficacy of CD437. Because of its differential effects on normal versus malignant keratinocytes, CD437 may be useful for the prevention or treatment of cutaneous SCC.
Observation of Transient Current in a Nanotube-Doped Liquid-Crystal Cell Induced by a Polarity-Reversed Field (2007)

A minute addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a dopant is capable of hindering the ion transport in cells of low-resistivity nematic liquid crystal containing a significant quantity of ionic impurities. This phenomenon is manifested by the weakening of transient current induced by the polarity reversal of an applied dc electric field. A simple one-dimensional model is developed to describe the observed data and to explain the essential feature pertaining to the resulting suppression of field screening.
The total synthesis of fulvoplumierin (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe total synthesis of fulvoplumierinG. Buechi and John A. CarlsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 19, 5336–5337Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01021a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01021a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface finish control of 3D printed metal tooling (2007)

Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technology has shown a great deal of promise for the plastic injection molding industry due to its ability to produce complex geometry tooling relatively quickly. However, one shortcoming of metal-based SFF processes is that they have difficulty producing parts with acceptable surface quality. As such, secondary operations, such as machining, are frequently required thereby increasing fabrication time and cost. In addition, there is variation in the surface quality that is dependent upon the surface orientation during the build process. For example, parts produced using the metal-based 3-D printing process have vertical faces with a typical roughness 50% greater than the horizontal faces. \t\t\tThis work investigates surface finish improvement techniques used with 3D printed metal parts during the infiltration treatment. The goal is to produce injection mold tooling with an acceptable surface quality without performing a secondary machining process. By extending the infiltration cycle and applying a planar contact surface to the face of a sample, reductions in roughness of up to 83% were achieved. Such a surface would be categorized as a D-series surface under the surface finish standards for injection molding. The optimal condition for roughness reduction is to use a horizontally oriented printed face with a polished quartz blank applied during an extended infiltration cycle. This study determined that the use of contact pressure does not have a clear and significant effect on roughness.
Control of the characteristics of a long-period grating by cladding etching (2000)

We have analyzed the effects of the fiber cladding radius on the characteristics of long-period fiber gratings. By etching the cladding of a common single-mode fiber, we verified the characteristics experimentally. When by etching we reduce the cladding radius of a common single-mode fiber on which a long-period refractive-index modulation has been imposed, the coupling strength of the core and the cladding modes increases. In addition, the difference in the propagation constants (for a fixed wavelength) between the core mode and the cladding modes increases; hence the resonant transmission dip wavelengths shift to longer wavelengths. The proposed method can be useful in making and detuning long-period fiber grating filters.
Technical Development of Optical Coherence Tomography for Clinical Application (2003)

A practical OCT imaging system for ophthalmology became commercially available only five years after the first demonstration of OCT. OCT is thus an epoch-making technique in optics. In such development of the practical OCT system, however, Japanese researchers have been played second fiddle to the research groups in United States, although both basic concept and patent for OCT were proposed for the first time by Japanese researchers. Very recently, the domestic research activities for OCT increased remarkably, because it is necessary to develop many key technologies before OCT is widely applied for clinical diagnoses in the near future. At the present stage, OCT has several shortcomings and technical problems to be solved before its wide application for clinical diagnoses. In this paper, the description is focused on the present status of OCT in Japan as well as development of key technologies for the future OCT.
Effect of Cl<sup>-</sup>Ionic Solutions on Electrolyte-Solution-Gate Diamond Field-Effect Transistors (2002)

Diamond field-effect transistors (FETs) operate in electrolyte solutions having a wide pH range of 1–13. The FETs have been fabricated using a p-type surface conductive layer, where the diamond surface is exposed directly to the electrolyte solutions. From the drain current-gate voltage (Ids–Vgs) characteristics of the FETs, it appears that the threshold voltages of the FETs are independent of the pH value of the solution. In Cl- ionic solutions, however, the threshold voltages shift approximately 30 mV with a one-order-of-magnitude change of molar concentration of Cl- ions. This sensitivity of the FET to Cl- ion's concrentration is observed in the 10-1–10-6 M range of potassium chloride (KCl) solutions.
후방십자인대의 해부 및 생역학적기능 (1990)

Historically, clinicians have given the posterior cruciate ligament as a structure which performs a relatively unimportant function in the background of the knee joint, subservient to the media1, lateral and anteriar cruciate ligaments. The reason for this are its hidden positin, its reiatively inaccessiblity and a superficial knowledge of functional anatomy. The functional and pathologic anatomy is now more widely unders- tood by many authors. In view of the increasing incidence of knee injuries, greater stress is being placed on the importance of early clinical recognition. The author have, therefore summarized the anatomy and clinical biomechanics of the posterior cruciate ligaments in detail with the objective of gaining a more accurate understanding of their function and with the aim of impofving the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to posterior cruciate injuries. The posterior cruciate ligament is narroweat in its middle portion and fanned out superiorly and to a lesaer extend inferiorly. Inferiorly the ligmament is attached to the posterior limit of the intercondylar strip of the tibia and to a small area behind and distal to this point. It passes upwards and forwards to be attached to the front of the intercondylar surface of the medial femoral condyle. This ligament consists of two parts, anterior and posterior bands. The posterior band is tight in extension and anterior in flexion. The posterior curciate ligament is the principal structure preventing posterior translation of the tibia and also this ligament would be a check agaknst extreme hyperextension only after the anterior cruciate ligament has been severed. In knees with insofficienoy of posterior cruciate bgament the greatest increase in posterior displacement occurres at 75 to 90 degrees of knee flexion and minimum posterior translation at zero to 30 degrees.
Quantitative structural analysis of organic thin films: An x-ray diffraction study (2005)

The SUPREX thin film refinement of x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to quantitatively analyze the structure of thermally evaporated iron phthalocyanine (FePc) organic thin films as a function of growth temperature and postdeposition in situ annealing time. A bilayer model was necessary to refine the FePc XRD data. Results using this model provide clear evidence that the first molecular layer of FePc contacting the sapphire substrate differs from the subsequent uniformly spaced molecular layers, indicating a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-to-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ structural phase transformation of FePc was observed as a function of substrate temperature. No significant effect of postdeposition in situ annealing time was observed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal a temperature-dependent morphology as the FePc changes from grains, to extended films, and finally shows crystallite formation for increasing deposition temperature. Structural characteristics obtained by SUPREX refinement and AFM quantitatively agree for surface roughness and average molecular layer spacing.
Live Zika virus chimeric vaccine candidate based on a yellow fever 17-D attenuated backbone (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently become dispersed throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, causing epidemics associated with congenital disease and neurological complications. There is currently no commercial vaccine for ZIKV. In this study, we describe the initial development of a chimeric virus containing the prM/E proteins of a ZIKV epidemic strain incorporated into a yellow fever 17-D attenuated backbone. Using the versatile and rapid ISA (Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons) reverse genetics method, we compared different constructs and confirmed the need to modify the cleavage site between the pre-peptide and prM protein. Genotypic characterization of the chimeras indicated that the emergence of compensatory mutations in the E protein was required to restore viral replicative fitness. Using an immunocompromised mouse model, we demonstrated that mice infected with the chimeric virus produced levels of neutralizing antibodies that were close to those observed following infection with ZIKV. Furthermore, pre-immunized mice were protected against viscerotropic and neuroinvasive disease following challenge with a heterologous ZIKV strain. These data provide a sound basis for the future development of this ZIKV vaccine candidate.