gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Inhibits Epithelialization and Wound Healing through the Glucocorticoid Receptor (2009)

Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a key intermediate in the mevalonate pathway and protein farnesylation, can act as an agonist for several nuclear hormone receptors. Here we show a novel mechanism by which FPP inhibits wound healing acting as an agonist for glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Elevation of endogenous FPP by the squalene synthetase inhibitor zaragozic acid A (ZGA) or addition of FPP to the cell culture medium results in activation and nuclear translocation of the GR, a known wound healing inhibitor. We used functional studies to evaluate the effects of FPP on wound healing. Both FPP and ZGA inhibited keratinocyte migration and epithelialization in vitro and ex vivo. These effects were independent of farnesylation and indicate that modulation of FPP levels in skin may be beneficial for wound healing. FPP inhibition of keratinocyte migration and wound healing proceeds, in part, by repression of the keratin 6 gene. Furthermore, we show that the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase inhibitor mevastatin, which blocks FPP formation, not only promotes epithelialization in acute wounds but also reverses the effect of ZGA on activation of the GR and inhibition of epithelialization. We conclude that FPP inhibits wound healing by acting as a GR agonist. Of special interest is that FPP is naturally present in cells prior to glucocorticoid synthesis and that FPP levels can be further altered by the statins. Therefore, our findings may provide a better understanding of the pleiotropic effects of statins as well as molecular mechanisms by which they may accelerate wound healing.
Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors for Expression of Recombinant Proteins (2003)

Transfer of gene into the early embryo forms the basis of a powerful tool to impart new and useful characteristics into existing breeds of animals (1). Recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to isolate and clone individual genes for specific functions. Isolated and characterized genes can be introduced into the genome of the animal by microinjection of DNA at early stage embryo. Animals that contain exogenous genes integrated into their genome are called transgenic animals. By micromanipulating the preimplantation embryo, genetic material from any source can be introduced into the genome of any species. The gene is usually transmitted to the progeny in normal Mendelian fashion. Several mammalian species including mouse, rabbit, goat, sheep, pig, and cow have been made transgenic by the microinjection of genes into early embryo (1–8).
Hypothesis Visualization (2004)

We have constructed an information visualization tool for understanding complex arguments. The tool enables analysts to construct structured arguments using judicial proof techniques, associate evidence with hypotheses, and set evidence parameters such as relevance and credibility. Users manipulate the hypotheses and their associated inference networks using visualization techniques. Our tool integrates concepts from structured argumentation, analysis of competing hypotheses, and hypothesis scoring with information visualization. It presents new metaphors for visualizing and manipulating structured arguments.
Tuberculin sensitivity in pregnancy. (1975)

Of 452 women who had been tuberculin tested twice with an interval of one year between tests, there were 105 who were pregnant at the first test and 121 others who were pregnant at the second test. An equal number of matched control subjects were selected who were not pregnant on either occasion. All 3 groups showed slight and similar increases in median diameter of induration during the one-year interval. There was no indication that pregnancy affected the level of tuberculin sensitivity.
Ion beam damage effects during the low energy cleaning of GaAs (1982)

It is shown that ion-beam damage effects in GaAs are significant, even for low energy ion cleaning (≃ 100 eV). Damage from this process results in increasing the saturation current (extrapolated from the forward current) of Au-n-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes by two orders of magnitude. The depth of damage during this process is shown to be unexpectedly large (900 Å) for these low ion-beam energies.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Aziridines with TMSN<sub>3</sub> or TMSCN Catalyzed by Discrete Yttrium Complexes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Family of Aromatic Diazirines for Photoaffinity Labeling (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Family of Aromatic Diazirines for Photoaffinity LabelingYasumaru Hatanaka, Makoto Hashimoto, Hiroko Kurihara, Hitoshi Nakayama, and Yuichi KanaokaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 2, 383–387Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00081a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00081a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2091Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Series of Three-Dimensional Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with Rutile and Unprecedented Rutile-Related Topologies (2005)

The complexes of formulas Ln(pydc)(Hpydc) (Ln = Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3); H2pydc = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) and Ln(pydc)(bc)(H2O) (Ln = Sm (4), Gd (5); Hbc = benzenecarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-3 are isomorphous and crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn. Their final three-dimensional racemic frameworks can be considered as being constructed by helix-linked scalelike sheets. Compounds 4 and 5 are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c. pydc ligands bridge dinuclear lanthanide centers to form the three-dimensional frameworks featuring hexagonal channels along the a-axis that are occupied by one-end-coordinated bc ligands. From the topological point of view, the five three-dimensional nets are binodal with six- and three-connected nodes, the former of which exhibit a rutile-related (4.6(2))(2)(4(2).6(9).8(4)) topology that is unprecedented within coordination frames, and the latter two species display a distorted rutile (4.6(2))(2)(4(2).6(10).8(3)) topology. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of 2 were studied.
[High-resolution ultrasonography in the study of carpal tunnel syndrome]. (1997)

We investigated the reliability of some US signs in the diagnosis of the carpal tunnel syndrome. We carried out a single-blind study with 13-MHz high resolution probes and electromyography on 132 patients with clinical evidence of the carpal tunnel syndrome; a control group of 20 asymptomatic patients was also submitted to US. Eighty-six of 107 patients with US signs of the carpal tunnel syndrome were then submitted to surgical decompression (resection of the transverse carpal ligament), while the extant 21 patients underwent conservative treatment and clinical follow-up. To diagnose the carpal tunnel syndrome, we considered the following US patterns: median nerve changes (swelling before its entrance into the carpal tunnel and flattening in the tunnel itself), palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum, thickening of the transverse carpal ligament and increased depth of the carpal tunnel, as measured from the apex of the transverse carpal ligament convexity to the underlying carpal bone. Median nerve changes were unreliable signs and were missing in many cases: only 45 of 107 patients exhibited median nerve swelling before and/or its flattening in the carpal tunnel (42%). Such indirect signs as the thickening of the transverse carpal ligament in chronic cases were demonstrated in 94 of 107 patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome (88%) and canal deepening in all unilateral carpal tunnel syndromes was shown in 92 of 107 patients (87%); both these signs proved to be much more reliable. The palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum was also difficult to demonstrate in surgical patients or in those with connective tissue fibrosis within the tunnel: this sign was demonstrated in 80 of 107 patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome confirmed with electromyography (75%). Tanzer and Rietze reported median nerve changes observed at surgery in 43% and 66% of their patients, respectively. Recent MR findings in asymptomatic wrists have demonstrated that the normal median nerve has an elliptical shape inside the carpal tunnel. To conclude, high resolution US exhibited 96% sensitivity, 95% specificity and 93% diagnostic accuracy and proved to play a major role in the diagnosis of the carpal tunnel syndrome.
15 kV medium voltage static transfer switch (2002)

This paper presents the development and application of a three phase medium voltage static transfer switch system (MVSTS). The MVSTS is a 15 kV class switch system rated at a continuous current of 600 A. The function of a static transfer switch is to maintain AC electrical power to a critical load by switching between two independent power sources at speeds up to 4 ms. This switching time is sufficiently fast to preserve the operation of even the most sensitive customer equipment loads during distribution system disturbances such as voltage sags or voltage swells.
Osteolysis and cancer (2001)

Bone is a highly hospitable environment for colonization and growth of metastatic tumors, and some of the most common human malignancies, notably breast cancer and prostate cancer, have a strong propensity to produce skeletal metastases (1). Tumor cells, in turn, can produce a spectrum of skeletal manifestations which spans diffuse osteopenia, focal osteolysis, focal osteogenesis, and osteomalacia (2).

The most common skeletal manifestation of malignancy is focal osteolysis in association with metastases. In order for tumor cells to grow and invade mineralized bone, osteolysis must occur. Osteoclasts appear uniquely adapted to produce the microenvironment and the biochemical milieu that are needed to resorb bone. Although previous reports have indicated that some tumor cells appear capable of assuming an osteoclast phenotype and directly resorbing bone (3), the bulk of the evidence suggests that most tumor cells act indirectly by co-opting the physiologic mechanisms that normally favor bone resorption. Thus, they release agents such as hormones, eicosanoids, growth factors, and cytokines into the bone microenvironment, which act on osteoblastic stromal cells to enhance the production of osteoclast activating factors. Most notable of these is the cell membrane–associated protein termed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is a member of the TNF family of cytokines. RANKL can then bind to its cognate receptor (RANK) on osteoclast precursors and, in the presence of M-CSF, enhance the differentiation and fusion of these cells to produce functioning multinucleated osteoclasts (4) (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Concomitantly, production of a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, termed osteoprotegerin (OPG) (5), may be downregulated (6), thus eliminating one means by which the ensuing osteolysis could be repressed.



Figure 1

Schematic representation of tumor-cell induced osteolysis. A tumor cell may release soluble mediators such as hormones (e.g., PTHrP), eicosanoids, cytokines (e.g., IL-6), or growth factors (e.g., TGF-α) that act on an osteoblastic stromal cell. ...



Mineralized bone matrix is a rich source of stored growth factors such as TGF-β. Such growth factors, once released from degraded bone matrix, may further accelerate growth of the tumor, which can now expand within the lysed area. Such growth factors also appear capable of further increasing the release from tumor cells of osteolytic mediators, such as parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP) (7, 8). A cycle may therefore be initiated that consists of release of osteolytic mediators by tumor cells, bone degradation, release of growth factors from degraded bone, enhanced tumor cell growth, and further release of osteolytic mediators (9).
Screening of effective control agents against bacterial soft rot on Chinese cabbage in alpine area (2003)

Bacterial soft rot by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is one of the diseases causing the biggest problem in Chinese cabbage. Chemical screening was conducted to select effective agents for controlling bacterial soft rot. Control effect of antibiotics, plant activator, and Biokeeper (avirulent Erwinia) to soft rot were tested by in vitro assay, nursery test, and field experiment. The in vitro assay was done by paper disc method and potato slice method. The nursery test was performed by using mineral oil inoculation method with consistent disease induction. The in vitro assay showed that streptomycin, oxolinic acid, bronopol, and copper hydroxide significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. However, plant activators including acibenzolar-S-methyl did not show the suppressive effect on the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. When applied by the nursery test condition using mineral oil inoculation method with Chinese cabbage 'Kangruckyeurum', Biokeeper, oxolinic acid, antibiotics streptomycin, validamycin, and copper compound provided 83.5%, 95.2%, 91.2%, 57.5% and 79.9% in control efficacy, respectively. However, the control effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl showed to be low to cause phytotoxicity. Also acibenzolar-S-methyl showed a significant control effect in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Sanchon' in 2000, but the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Kangruckyeurum' in 2001 revealed it had phytotoxicity to Chinese cabbage. Such a difference was considered to be caused by differences in phytotoxic reaction of Chinese cabbage cultivars to the chemical. Streptomycin+copper, copper hydroxide and Biokeeper showed 79.7%, 71.9% and 60.9% in control efficacy, respectively, in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Sanchon' in 2002.
Preparation of whisker penetrated ceramics by internal precipitation of hollandite within a tielite matrix (1998)

Composite ceramics consisting of tielite (Al2TiO5) as the prevailing phase and potassium hollandite (K2Al2Ti6O16) have been prepared by internal precipitation from amorphous solids having the appropriate compositions. The formation of the two crystalline phases from a starting material made via a sol–gel process, through reaction sintering, or through a glass ceramic process has been studied by X-ray diffraction, 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, DTA–TG and SEM–EDX. It has been shown that the hollandite phase crystallises as whiskers within the tielite matrix. The approach reported presents an alternative route for the production of whisker reinforced materials.
Tinnitus: network pathophysiology-network pharmacology (2012)

Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, is a prevalent disorder. One in 10 adults has clinically significant subjective tinnitus, and for one in 100, tinnitus severely affects their quality of life. Despite the significant unmet clinical need for a safe and effective drug targeting tinnitus relief, there is currently not a single Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug on the market. The search for drugs that target tinnitus is hampered by the lack of a deep knowledge of the underlying neural substrates of this pathology. Recent studies are increasingly demonstrating that, as described for other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, tinnitus is a pathology of brain networks. The application of graph theoretical analysis to brain networks has recently provided new information concerning their topology, their robustness and their vulnerability to attacks. Moreover, the philosophy behind drug design and pharmacotherapy in CNS pathologies is changing from that of "magic bullets" that target individual chemoreceptors or "disease-causing genes" into that of "magic shotguns," "promiscuous" or "dirty drugs" that target "disease-causing networks," also known as network pharmacology. In the present work we provide some insight into how this knowledge could be applied to tinnitus pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy.
Designing a Stratified Detection System for PET Cameras (1986)

The design of a staggered-exponential-multistrata (SEMS) detection system is presented. This design replaces the conventional detector ring with multiple staggered layers of detector rings. The thickness of the layers is increasing exponentially. The SEMS design can improve the spatial resolution, allowing the detector ring to be smaller and obviate the need for detector wobbling. The improvement is particularly significant in high resolution PETs and PETs designed for small objects such as the brain, animals, limbs and infants. Image resolution approaching the theoretical limit of positron-range can be achieved for the entire field of view (FOV), rather than just at the center of the FOV in the conventional design. The reduction in detector ring size increases the sensitivity and lower the cost of both the gantry and detection system. The elimimation of detector motion simplifies the gantry mechanics and cost. In addition, the image artifact resulting from the frequency beating of the heart cycle and detector wobbling cycle are also eliminated. The high resolution, high sensitivity, compactness and low cost make this design suitable for researches.
COMPRESSIBILITIES OF MIXTURES OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN ABOVE 1000 ATMOSPHERES (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOMPRESSIBILITIES OF MIXTURES OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN ABOVE 1000 ATMOSPHERESCarroll O. Bennett and Barnett F. DodgeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 1, 180–185Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50505a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50505a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A device for the rapid freezing of biological specimens under precisely controlled and reproducible conditions (1978)

The construction and preliminary testing of a device is described which can be used to freeze biological specimens in any cryogenic liquid at temperatures down to the nitrogen freezing point (63 K) and which can operate in the pressure range 1.3 kNm-2 to 1 MNm-2. Ultra-rapid freezing can be carried out in a subcooled cryogenic liquid either hyperbarically or at atmospheric pressure. Slow freezing rates can be achieved by cooling the specimens in a controlled manner in the vapour phase above the liquid bath.
<title>Nonlinear absorption phenomena in optical materials for the UV-spectral range</title> (1996)

A laser calorimetric technique is employed to measure absorptance and laser-induced changes therein on optical components at 248 nm. In BaF<SUB>2</SUB> a linear increase of absorptance with intensity is observed, but a pure two- photon absorption mechanism can be ruled out because the slope lessens towards shorter pulse lengths. Fused silica, at moderate energy densities, exhibits a reversible, linear absorption increase with energy density; an AR-coated sample mirrors the behavior of the uncoated substrate but discloses an added offset due to coating imperfections. In a series of measurements at constant irradiation parameters, uncoated substrates of Suprasil and CaF<SUB>2</SUB> reveal a slight exponential decrease in absorptance which might be attributed to surface cleaning or conditioning effects, and absolute absorptance is virtually independent of the sample thickness.
Minimizing Observation Points for Fault Location (2009)

We investigate the benefit of inserting observation points in a circuit in order to improve its diagnostic resolution. The insertion of the points is done so that each fault has a unique signature on these points under at least one of the applied test patterns. The observation points are scan-like elements that serve as test-phase outputs and can be organized in and observed through one or multiple chains. Experimental results show good tradeoffs between number of observation points that need to be inserted and diagnostic resolution achieved.
SemEval-2015 Task 2: Semantic Textual Similarity, English, Spanish and Pilot on Interpretability (2015)

Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Weiwei Guo, Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio, Montse Maritxalar, Rada Mihalcea, German Rigau, Larraitz Uria, Janyce Wiebe. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015). 2015.
Analog signal multiplexing for PSAPD-based PET detectors: simulation and experimental validation (2010)

A 1 mm(3) resolution clinical positron emission tomography (PET) system employing 4608 position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs) is under development. This paper describes a detector multiplexing technique that simplifies the readout electronics and reduces the density of the circuit board design. The multiplexing scheme was validated using a simulation framework that models the PSAPDs and front-end multiplexing circuits to predict the signal-to-noise ratio and flood histogram performance. Two independent experimental setups measured the energy resolution, time resolution, crystal identification ability and count rate both with and without multiplexing. With multiplexing, there was no significant degradation in energy resolution, time resolution and count rate. There was a relative 6.9 ± 1.0% and 9.4 ± 1.0% degradation in the figure of merit that characterizes the crystal identification ability observed in the measured and simulated ceramic-mounted PSAPD module flood histograms, respectively.