gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Robots for Localizing Gas Emission Sources on Landfill Sites: Is Bio-Inspiration the Way to Go? (2012)

Roboticists often take inspiration from animals for designing sensors, actuators, or algorithms that control the behavior of robots. Bio-inspiration is motivated with the uncanny ability of animals to solve complex tasks like recognizing and manipulating objects, walking on uneven terrains, or navigating to the source of an odor plume. In particular the task of tracking an odor plume up to its source has nearly exclusively been addressed using biologically inspired algorithms and robots have been developed, for example, to mimic the behavior of moths, dung beetles, or lobsters. In this paper we argue that biomimetic approaches to gas source localization are of limited use, primarily because animals differ fundamentally in their sensing and actuation capabilities from state-of-the-art gas-sensitive mobile robots. To support our claim, we compare actuation and chemical sensing available to mobile robots to the corresponding capabilities of moths. We further characterize airflow and chemosensor measurements obtained with three different robot platforms (two wheeled robots and one flying micro-drone) in four prototypical environments and show that the assumption of a constant and unidirectional airflow, which is the basis of many gas source localization approaches, is usually far from being valid. This analysis should help to identify how underlying principles, which govern the gas source tracking behavior of animals, can be usefully "translated" into gas source localization approaches that fully take into account the capabilities of mobile robots. We also describe the requirements for a reference application, monitoring of gas emissions at landfill sites with mobile robots, and discuss an engineered gas source localization approach based on statistics as an alternative to biologically inspired algorithms.
A Numerically Efficient Digital Matched Filter for Periodic and Windowed Periodic Radar Waveforms (1988)

Abstract : An algorithm is presented for implementing a digital matched filter for periodic and windowed periodic radar waveforms. The algorithm is based on circular convolutional techniques. For moderate to high duty cycles d (radar on time to pulse repetition interval (PRI) ratio), the circular convolutional algorithm uses 50% fewer complex multiply operations (CMOPs) than does a fast convolution implementation. In fact, if BPRI is the radar waveform bandwidth-PRI product, then the circular convolutional technique is numerically more efficient if d 1/sq. rt(8(BPRI)). Furthermore, the circular convolution technique is numerically more efficient when the pulse compression ratio p sq. rt. (BPRI/8) . Keywords: Radar; Matched filter; Waveforms.
Determination of Untreated Whole-Milk Effects on In Vitro Antibacterial Activity (1970)

The effect of fresh whole milk without pasteurization or other pretreatment on in vitro antibacterial activity of selected compounds was determined in broth dilution. The milk was collected by hand directly from dairy goats, or by syringe or cannula from bovine quarters showing low bacterial counts. Antibacterial activity was determined in 50% (v/v) milk-broth medium against sensitive mastitis-etiologic strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. The indicator salt 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride was incorporated in the milk broth medium to determine inoculum growth. Contaminant interference was circumvented through early as well as late readings and comparisons with uninoculated control tubes, with and without the test compounds. Application of the method with more than 75 compounds, including nitrofurans, antibiotics, and other chemicals uncovered marked degrees of milk interference. The method warrants routine use among preliminary screens to relate in vitro with in vivo observations of antimicrobial activity. Similar procedures may be used with serum, skim milk, or mastitis-milk media for separating effects due to protein, lipid, or other elements in product evaluation.
Oral and Parenteral Therapeutic Options for Outpatient Urinary Infections Caused by <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (2009)

Effective therapeutic options are needed for community-onset urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli strains that produce CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. We examined 46 urinary isolates producing CTX-M against several oral or long-acting parenteral antimicrobial agents. Approximately 90% were susceptible to fosfomycin and to a combination of cefdinir plus amoxicillin-clavulanate. All were susceptible to ertapenem.
Enhancement of cellulose accessibility and enzymatic hydrolysis by simultaneous wet milling (1980)

Abstract It has been shown that the rate of enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials including “pure” cellulose (Whatman CF−11 cellulose), newsprint, lignocellulose (prehydrolyzed to remove hemicelluloses), and wood can be substantially increased by simultaneous wet milling. An enhanced hydrolysis rate was sustained above that observed for ball milling: providing a more extensive saccharification. The cellulosic substrates were wet milled with a variety of grinding elements, such as sand, glass beads, and stainless‐steel beads, agitated in a shaker bath. Simultaneous hydrolysis was achieved with a 2% substrate slurry in a 0.1 M acetate buffer at 45°C and pH 5. The effectiveness of this process was dependent upon the lignified matrix of the cellulose microfibrils, the grinding elements, and the oscillation frequency of the shaker bath. Wet milling “pure” cellulose for 48 hr, with 3.5 mm glass beads and 200 oscillations/min (opm), yielded 1031 mg reducing sugar/g substrates (93% saccharification) as compared to 483 mg (44%) for the ball‐milled sample and 253 mg (23%) for the unmilled material. With the lignified substrates stainless‐steel beads (3.5 mm) were more effective than glass. For lignocellulose 529 mg sugar/g substrate (93% saccharification) could be obtained by wet milling with cellulase for 24 hr. This was about three times greater than that of the ball milled (169 mg, 30%) and 10 times greater than that of the unmilled (52 mg, 9%) substrates. The method was also effective for wood particles (60 mesh) giving 143 mg sugar/g wood (approximately 38% saccharification) in 48 hr, whereas the ball‐milled sample gave only 79 mg (21%) and the unmlilled substrate 38 mg (10%). These observations can be explained on the basis of the current crystalline theory for the morphology of the cellulosic microfibrils. The advantage of wet milling and simultaneous hydrolysis apparently depends on a continuous generation of accessible sites and sustained rapid hydrolysis rate as the saccharification proceeds, where in the pretreated substrates the hydrolysis rate slow down as the active sites are reduced.
Secure communication via chaotic parameter modulation (1996)

In this letter, we extend chaotic switching to general chaotic parameter modulation. By using adaptive controller, synchronization between transmitter and receiver is maintained and message signal is recovered. Computer simulation results are given.
Back to the future –defining NK cells and T cells (2007)

In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology (EJI), Stewart et al. report about a population of gammadelta-T cells expressing an extensive repertoire of NK cell receptors, and the presence of non-rearranged germline TCRdelta transcripts in conventional NK cells. These findings and other recent studies highlight the similarities of NK cells and T cells and the problems in discriminating between these two lineages.
Specific lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by a HLA-A3.1-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone that recognizes a conserved peptide sequence within the gp41 subunit of the envelope protein. (1991)

A HLA-A3.1-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell clone, E7.20, that lyses cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was isolated from an infected individual. The epitope was localized to amino acids 768-778 (RLRDLLLIVTR, NL43 env sequence) of the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 by successive use of a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express truncated env genes and synthetic peptides. The epitope is conserved on 7 (NL43, BRU, HXB2, BRVA, SC, JH3, and JFL) of 13 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from North America. Synthetic peptides of this region of strains RF and CDC4 are also recognized by E7.20 despite a nonconservative Thr----Val or Thr----Ala change at amino acid 777; however, an MN peptide, which has four amino acid substitutions, was not reactive. The epitope recognized by E7.20 has a predicted hydrophobic alpha-helical structure, with three contiguous Leu residues followed by Ile and Val at amino acids 772-776. Cytotoxicity was restricted by HLA-A3.1 using allogeneic target cells that shared HLA class I antigens with the donor and an HLA-A and -B negative human plasma cell line transfected with the HLA-A3.1 gene. The transfected cells were infectable by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains IIIB and MN but only the former virus sensitized them to killing by E7.20. The ability of E7.20 to specifically lyse a human lymphocyte line infected with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain carrying the conserved epitope is consistent with an important role for cytotoxic T cells in controlling infection.
The Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Binds Upstream of Neural Cell-Specific c- <i>src</i> Exon N1 To Repress the Splicing of the Intron Downstream (1997)

The neural cell-specific N1 exon of the c-src pre-mRNA is both negatively regulated in nonneural cells and positively regulated in neurons. We previously identified conserved intronic elements flanking N1 that direct the repression of N1 splicing in a nonneural HeLa cell extract. The upstream repressor elements are located within the polypyrimidine tract of the N1 exon 3' splice site. A short RNA containing this 3' splice site sequence can sequester trans-acting factors in the HeLa extract to allow splicing of N1. We now show that these upstream repressor elements specifically interact with the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB). Mutations in the polypyrimidine tract reduce both PTB binding and the ability of the competitor RNA to derepress splicing. Moreover, purified PTB protein restores the repression of N1 splicing in an extract derepressed by a competitor RNA. In this system, the PTB protein is acting across the N1 exon to regulate the splicing of N1 to the downstream exon 4. This mechanism is in contrast to other cases of splicing regulation by PTB, in which the protein represses the splice site to which it binds.
[Postgraduate medical education]. (1983)

Os autores afirmam a urgencia em reestruturar o ensino medico pos-graduado em Portugal. De uma forma critica, analisam esquematicamente a situacao actual do ensino medico pos-graduado em geral e da Urologia em particular, no nosso pais. Depois de enunciar as etapas para atingir o internato da especialidade, resumem o Plano de preparacao para a especialidade de Urologia do Conselho Directivo do Colegio de Urologistas da Ordem dos Medicos, de 1979. 0 Plano refere-se a tempos de estagio, programas teorico e pratico, e formas de avaliacao dos internos e aponta ainda as caracteristicas para que um servico seja considerado idoneo. Referindo que a realidade actual nao corresponde as exigencias preconizadas, os autores indicam aquilo que de facto acontece. Respondendo negativamente a uma serie de questoes sobre pontos fulcrais para uma pratica correcta do ensino pos-graduado, os autores terminam a primeira parte da sua exposicao perguntando Se, nas condicoes actuais, o resultado final da preparacao dos medicos sera mesmo um Especialista. Na segunda parte fazem propostas para a reestruturacao do ensino pos-graduado em Portugal. Referem-se sucessivamente as seguintes alineas: criacao de institutos ou escolas medicas hospitalares de pos-graduacao, universitarios; elaboracao de um programa Padrao nacional do ensino medico pos-graduado; criacao de comissoes para o ensino medico pos-graduado; definicao exigente do perfil de servico idoneo para o ensino medico pos-graduado; elaboracao de programas individuais pelos servicos dos institutos de pos-graduacao; caderneta; fiscalizacao da actividade dos docentes e discentes; avaliacao, continua e por provas intercalar e final; mestrado. Dado o caracter auto-explicativo dos quadros, os autores, para alem de alguns comentarios, apenas desenvolvem as alineas referentes aos Institutos ou Escolas Medicas de Pos-graduacao , Universitarios e ao Mestrado , expondo, duma maneira sucinta, a forma como pensam que deviam ser organizados.
Smaller, faster, cheaper detection of radiocarbon (2016)

A compact spectroscopic system can measure radioactive carbon dioxide concentrations as low as five parts per quadrillion.
Third-harmonic generation in GeO2-doped silica single-mode optical fibers (1993)

Third-harmonic generation of 1.319 μm Nd:YAG laser pulses in circular-core GeO2-doped silica single-mode fibers is reported. The experimental results have shown that the blue-violet light generated at 439 nm is less than 0.2 nm wide and its intensity depends strongly upon GeO2-doping concentration for fixed fiber length and pump power. It has been observed that for GeO2-doping concentrations greater than 9 mol %, the third-harmonic signal was the unique visible wavelength line exiting the fiber span throughout the spectral region of 400–800 nm. The frequency tripling process started immediately with fiber pump light illumination, i.e., no previous long-time preparation mechanism was required in order to have appreciable third-harmonic generation.
Microgrid control using remote controller hardware-in-the-loop over the Internet (2018)

A centralized microgrid power management and control system is developed and tested with a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) model of an existing microgrid that communicates in real-time with the controller over the Internet. The controller leverages Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for measuring power flow and adjusting inverter power references in real-time. The control objectives are power and State-of-Charge (SoC) control, subject to inverter power amplitude and rate limits and communication constraints. The controller incorporates units of power control, SoC control, and adaptive reference scheduling to achieve seamless microgrid operation. Real-time, over the internet, hardware-in-the-loop tests between the controller and the simulator are realized and indicate stability and performance of the microgrid control system.
Competitive routing in multiuser communication networks (1993)

The authors consider a communication network shared by several selfish users. Each user seeks to optimize its own performance by controlling the routing of its given flow demand, giving rise to a noncooperative game. They investigate the Nash equilibrium of such systems. For a two-node multiple links system, uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium is proven under reasonable convexity conditions. It is shown that this Nash equilibrium point possesses interesting monotonicity properties. For general networks, these convexity conditions are not sufficient for guaranteeing uniqueness, and a counterexample is presented. Nonetheless, uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium for general topologies is established under various assumptions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation and Structural Analysis of Soluble Oligomeric gp140 Envelope Proteins Derived from Neutralization-Resistant and Neutralization-Susceptible Primary HIV Type 1 Isolates (2000)

We generated DNA constructs expressing soluble truncated forms of the envelope of SF162, a neutralization-resistant primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate, and SF162AV2, a neutralization-susceptible virus derived from SF162 after the deletion of 30 amino acids from the V2 loop. The constructs express the entire gp120 subunit and the extracellular region of the gp41 subunit, with either the presence ("cleaved" forms, designated gp140C) or the absence ("fused" forms, designated gp140F) of the gp120-gp41 cleavage site. Both gp140 forms derived from SF162 and SF162deltaV2 are secreted in the cell medium and are recognized by the oligomer-specific anti-gp41 MAb T4. As is the case for the corresponding virion-associated envelope molecules, the CD4-binding region is occluded within both gp140F and gp140C forms. However, structural differences exist between these two forms. The gp140F proteins are less efficiently recognized than the gp140C proteins by antibodies present in the sera of HIV-infected patients with neutralizing activities against SF162 and SF162AV2. Also, the V3 loop is more exposed on gp140F than gp140C. As is the case for intact virions, on CD4 binding both the gp140F and gp140C proteins undergo conformational changes that result in the exposure of the epitope recognized by MAb 17b, which has been implicated in coreceptor binding. In contrast, during these structural changes the exposure of specific V3 loop epitopes is not increased on either gp140C or gp140F. Taken together, our data indicate that although these gp140 forms differ structurally from the native envelope, their similarities, in particular that of gp140C, outweigh their differences.
Development of ARM-based Embedded System for Robot Applications (2006)

Based on the combination of advanced RISC microprocessor (ARM), DSP and ARM-Linux, this paper introduces an approach for developing embedded robot control systems. The design of embedded control system includes four aspects, i.e., system structure, functions, hardware, and software design. In the development of the system, some features are included such as hierarchy structure, modular hardware, and structured software, to make the system suitable for a variety of robot applications through some hardware adjustment and software customization only. The effectiveness of proposed approach has been verified by a straight line motion demonstration of a 6-DOF series manipulator
Head tracking two-image 3D television displays (2003)

The research covered in this thesis encompasses the design of novel 3D displays, a\nconsideration of 3D television requirements and a survey of autostereoscopic methods\nis also presented. The principle of operation of simple 3D display prototypes is\ndescribed, and design of the components of optical systems is considered. A\ndescription of an appropriate non-contact infrared head tracking method suitable for\nuse with 3D television displays is also included.\nThe thesis describes how the operating principle of the displays is based upon a twoimage\nsystem comprising a pair of images presented to the appropriate viewers' eyes.\nThis is achieved by means of novel steering optics positioned behind a direct view\nliquid crystal display (LCD) that is controlled by a head position tracker. Within the\nwork, two separate prototypes are described, both of which provide 3D to a single\nviewer who has limited movement. The thesis goes on to describe how these\nprototypes can be developed into a multiple-viewer display that is suitable for\ntelevision use.\nA consideration of 3D television requirements is documented showing that glassesfree\nviewing (autostereoscopic), freedom of viewer movement and practical designs\nare important factors for 3D television displays.\nThe displays are novel in design in several important aspects that comply with the\nrequirements for 3D television. Firstly they do not require viewers to wear special\nglasses, secondly the displays allow viewers to move freely when viewing and finally\nthe design of the displays is practical with a housing size similar to modem television\nsets and a cost that is not excessive. Surveys of other autostereoscopic methods\nincluded within the work suggest that no contemporary 3D display offers all of these\nimportant factors.
A polygonal approximation to direct scalar volume rendering (1990)

One method of directly rendering a three-dimensional volume of scalar data is to project each cell in a volume onto the screen. Rasterizing a volume cell is more complex than rasterizing a polygon. A method is presented that approximates tetrahedral volume cells with hardware renderable transparent triangles. This method produces results which are visually similar to more exact methods for scalar volume rendering, but is faster and has smaller memory requirements. The method is best suited for display of smoothly-changing data.
Short-term effects of INGAP and Reg family peptides on the appearance of small β-cells clusters in non-diabetic mice (2012)

The Reg3 peptides INGAP-PP and human Reg3α/β (HIP) have been hypothesized to stimulate β-cell neogenesis in the pancreas. Administration of INGAP-PP has been shown to cause an increase in β-cell mass in multiple animal models, reverse streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in mice and reduces HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic humans. In this study, we have examined the ability of the INGAP-PP and HIP peptides to induce β-cell formation in vivo in normal mice through short-term administration of the peptides. We assessed the peptides ability to induce an increase in extra-islet insulin-positive cell clusters by looking at β-cell number by point counting morphometry on pancreata that had been randomized using the smooth fractionator principle in non-diabetic NMRI mice after short-term injections of the peptides (5 d). Five day continuous BrdU labeling was used to determine if the new β-cells were derived from replicating β-cells. Real time quantitative RT-PCR and immuno-histochemistry was used to analyze changes in pancreatic transcription factor expression. A 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the volume of small extra-islet insulin-positive clusters post 5 d treatment with INGAP-PP and HIP as compared with mice treated with a non-peptide control or scrambled peptide (p<0.05) (n = 7) was found. Five day continuous BrdU infusion during the 5 d period showed little or no incorporation in islets or small insulin clusters. Five days of treatment with INGAP-PP or HIP, showed a tendency toward increased levels of pancreatic progenitor markers such as Ngn3, Nkx6.1, Sox9 and Ins. These are the first studies to compare and indicate that the human Reg3 α/β (HIP) peptide has similar bioactivity in vivo as INGAP by causing formation of small β-cell clusters in extra-islet pancreatic tissue after only 5 d of treatment. Upregulation of pancreatic transcription factors may be part of the mechanism of action.
Integron-Located<i>oxa-32</i>Gene Cassette Encoding an Extended-Spectrum Variant of OXA-2 β-Lactamase from<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2002)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate CY-1, which was resistant to ceftazidime, harbored a conjugative ca. 250-kb plasmid that contained a class 1 integron with two gene cassettes encoding OXA-32, an OXA-2- type beta-lactamase, and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')Ib(9). OXA-32 differed from OXA-2 by an Leu169Ile amino acid substitution (class D numbering). Site-directed mutagenesis established that Ile169 is responsible for resistance to ceftazidime but not to cefotaxime.
FRET efficiency and antenna effect in multi-color DNA origami-based light harvesting systems (2017)

Artificial light harvesting complexes find applications in photosynthesis, photovoltaics and chemical sensors. Here, we present the characterization and optimization of a multi-color artificial light harvesting system on DNA origami structures.
Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease (1992)

Evening bright light pulses may ameliorate sleep-wake cycle disturbances in some patients with Alzheimer's disease. This effect may be mediated through a chronobiological mechanism.