gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial resolution and processing tradeoffs for HYDROS: application of reconstruction and resolution enhancement techniques (2005)

Recent developments in reconstruction and resolution enhancement for microwave instruments suggest a possible tradeoff between computation, resolution, and downlink data rate based on postcollection reconstruction/resolution enhancement processing. The Hydrospheric State (HYDROS) mission is designed to measure global soil moisture and freeze/thaw state in support of weather and climate prediction, water, energy, and carbon cycle studies, and natural hazards monitoring. It will use an active and passive L-band microwave system that optimizes measurement accuracy, spatial resolution, and coverage. The active channels use synthetic aperture radar-type processing to achieve fine spatial resolution, requiring a relatively high downlink data rate and ground processor complexity. To support real-time applications and processing, an optional postcollection reconstruction and resolution enhancement method is investigated. With this option, much lower rate real-aperture radar data are used along with ground-based postprocessing algorithms to enhance the resolution of the observations to achieve the desired 10-km resolution. Several approaches are investigated in this paper. It is determined that a reconstruction/resolution enhancement technique combining both forward- and aft-looking measurements enables estimation of 10-km resolution or better backscatter values at acceptable accuracy. Key tradeoffs to achieve this goal are considered.
The Effect of Solvent on Spectra. I. A New Empirical Measure of Solvent Polarity: Z-Values (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Solvent on Spectra. I. A New Empirical Measure of Solvent Polarity: Z-ValuesEdward M. KosowerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 13, 3253–3260Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01546a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01546a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3313Altmetric-Citations921LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonlinear mechanics of hybrid polymer networks that mimic the complex mechanical environment of cells (2017)

The mechanical properties of cells and the extracellular environment they reside in are governed by a complex interplay of biopolymers. These biopolymers, which possess a wide range of stiffnesses, self-assemble into fibrous composite networks such as the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. They interact with each other both physically and chemically to create a highly responsive and adaptive mechanical environment that stiffens when stressed or strained. Here we show that hybrid networks of a synthetic mimic of biological networks and either stiff, flexible and semi-flexible components, even very low concentrations of these added components, strongly affect the network stiffness and/or its strain-responsive character. The stiffness (persistence length) of the second network, its concentration and the interaction between the components are all parameters that can be used to tune the mechanics of the hybrids. The equivalence of these hybrids with biological composites is striking.
Keratin-Dependent, Epithelial Resistance to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Apoptosis (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes that acts through two distinct receptors, TNFR1 (60 kD, CD120a) and TNFR2 (80 kD, CD120b), to affect cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, and cell death. In addition to its proinflammatory actions in mucosal tissue, TNF is important for liver regeneration. Keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18) form intermediate filaments characteristic of liver and other single cell layered, internal epithelia and their derivative cancers. K8-deficient (K8(-)) mice, which escape embryonic lethality, develop inflammatory colorectal hyperplasia, mild liver abnormalities, and tolerate hepatectomy poorly. We show that normal and malignant epithelial cells deficient in K8 and K18 are approximately 100 times more sensitive to TNF-induced death. K8 and K18 both bind the cytoplasmic domain of TNFR2 and moderate TNF-induced, Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) intracellular signaling and NFkappaB activation. Furthermore, K8(-) and K18(-) mice are much more sensitive to TNF dependent, apoptotic liver damage induced by the injection of concanavalin A. This moderation of the effects of TNF may be the fundamental function of K8 and K18 common to liver regeneration, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatotoxin sensitivity, and the diagnostic, persistent expression of these keratins in many carcinomas.
Role of cAMP in upregulation of insulin secretion during the adaptation of islets of Langerhans to pregnancy. (1998)

Islets undergo a number of upregulatory changes to meet the increased demand for insulin during pregnancy, including an increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with a reduction in the stimulation threshold. Treatment with the lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL) in vitro has been shown to induce changes in islets similar to those observed during pregnancy. We examined cAMP production in islets treated with PRL to determine if changes in cAMP are involved in the upregulation of insulin secretion. Insulin secretion and cAMP concentrations were measured from islets in response to a suprathreshold (6.8 mmol/l) or high (16.8 mmol/l) glucose concentration in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine. Insulin secretion increased by 2.1-, 5.0-, and 5.9-fold at the suprathreshold glucose concentration and by 1.6-, 2.3-, and 2.9-fold at the higher glucose concentration after 1, 3, and 5 days of PRL treatment, respectively. After a similar pattern, cAMP metabolism increased by 1.2-, 1.6-, and 2.1-fold at the suprathreshold glucose concentration and by 1.2-, 1.7-, and 2.2-fold at the high glucose concentration after 1, 3, and 5 days of PRL treatment, respectively. The similar increases in insulin secretion and cAMP concentration suggest that changes in cAMP metabolism are involved in lactogen-induced upregulation of insulin secretion. To gain additional insight into the role of cAMP in the upregulation of islet function after lactogen treatment, we examined the relationship between changes in cAMP concentration and insulin secretion. Under all conditions (differing glucose concentrations and time periods), the increase in insulin release was directly proportional to the increase in cAMP. Thus increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from lactogen-treated islets could be accounted for by increased generation of cAMP and did not appear to require any further specific changes in intracellular processes mediated by cAMP. Because the PRL receptor is not directly involved in cAMP metabolism, the lactogen-induced increase in cAMP was most likely due to the increase in glucose metabolism that we have previously demonstrated in PRL-treated islets and in islets during pregnancy.
An Integrated Thermal Biosensor Array for Multianalyte Determination Demonstrated with Glucose, Urea and Penicillin (1996)

Abstract An integrated thermal biosensor array was designed and fabricated for the simultaneous determination of glucose, urea and penicillin. The sensor contains six thin-film thermistors which were fabricated on quartz chip by micromachining and semiconductor technology. This sensor allows the determination of three different analytes nearly simultaneously by serially partitioning a single microchannel into three distinct detection regions. Each of the regions contained one immobilized enzyme matrix and a pair of thermistors for differential measurement of temperature changes in association with the enzyme reactions. Using this device, glucose, urea and penicillin-G at different concentrations were determined in the mixed samples. Linear ranges of 1 to at least 25 mM urea and penicillin, and up to 20 mM glucose were obtained using a sample volume of 20 μL.
Solid-state laser unstable resonators with tapered reflectivity mirrors: the super-Gaussian approach (1988)

A general procedure for treating solid-state laser unstable resonators with tapered reflectivity mirrors within the framework of geometrical optics is presented. A suitable choice of the analytical form of the reflectivity profile, which can simulate many experimental devices, makes possible the derivation of simple design equations for the resonator parameters. Experiments performed with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser containing a variable-reflectivity output coupler, implemented with vacuum evaporation techniques, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural Space-Use Patterns and Hippocampal Size in Kangaroo Rats (1994)

The size of the hippocampus, a forebrain structure that processes spatial information, correlates with the need to relocate food caches by passerine birds and with sex-specific patterns of space use in microtine rodents. The influences on hippocampal anatomy of sexual selection within species, and natural selection between species, have not yet been studied in concert, however. Here we report that natural space-use patterns predict hippocampal size within and between two species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys). Differences in foraging behavior suggest that Merriam's kangaroo rats (D. merriami) require better spatial abilities than bannertail kangaroo rats (D. spectabilis). Sex-specific differences in mating strategy suggest that males of both species require more spatial ability than females. As predicted, hippocampal size (relative to brain size) is larger in Merriam's than in bannertail kangaroo rats, and males have larger hippocampi than females in both species. Males of a third species (D. ordii) also have smaller hippocampi than Merriam's kangaroo rat males, despite being similar to Merriam's in brain and body size. These results suggest that both natural and sexual selection affect the relative size and perhaps function of mammalian hippocampi. They also reassert that measures of functional subunits of the brain reveal more about brain evolution than measures of total brain size.
Contribution of <i>TARDBP</i> mutations to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)

Our findings, combined with those from other collections, brings the total number of mutations in unrelated ALS patients to 17, further suggesting that mutations in the TARDBP gene have an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS.
An implementation of Mobile IPv6 over theVDL Mode 4 data link for civil aviation (2010)

The problem to be solved in this thesis is how to transport IPv6 over VDL Mode 4 and how to use Mobile IPv6 with VDL Mode 4. This is needed to extend IPv6 capabilities to aircrafts to facilitate IPv6 based communication with aircrafts. VDL Mode 4 supports addressed communication between an aircraft and a ground station which can be used as the basis for IPv6 transport over VDL Mode 4. The thesis work has been done at the company C.N.S. Systems AB and is part of that company’s deliveries to its customer Luftfartsverket. The use of IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 is a requirement from Luftfartsverket and ICAO. The VDL Mode 4 standards used are by ETSI. For IPv6 and Mobile IPv6, RFCs from IETF are used. This report first has an overview of the technologies involved and then presents several possible solutions to how Mobile IPv6 on VDL Mode 4 can be implemented. Three such solutions were identified: bridging Ethernet over the VDL Mode 4 link, IPv6 directly on top of VDL Mode 4 and IPv6 directly on top of VDL Mode 4 with ground based mobility. The chosen solution was to use IPv6 directly on top of VDL Mode 4 with a separate IPv6 subnet for each VDL Mode 4 Ground station’s VDL Mode 4 interface. The implementation for this solution is described. Results from tests run on the implementation show that the VDL Mode 4 data link is capable of being the link layer under IPv6 and that it can support the intended use for aircrafts. Future works on this can be implementation of solution 3 and optimisations of Mobile IPv6 handover. Header compression is also a possible future work and would be beneficial due to the large header-to-data ratio.
Fabrication of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films on buffered metal tapes fired at low temperature by MOD method using trifluoroacetate salts (2001)

Metalorganic deposition (MOD) using trifluoroacetates is considered to be one of the most promising methods for coated conductors, because it enables us to obtain very high J/sub c/ films with low-cost facilities. We have optimized various processing conditions in this method and successfully obtained critical current density (J/sub c/) of 4.1 MA/cm/sup 2/ (77 K, 0 T) for the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) film of 1800 /spl Aring/ in thickness on CeO/sub 2/ buffered YSZ single crystal, which was fired at 800/spl deg/C. In the case of YBCO films on buffered metallic substrates, it is difficult to fabricate under the same deposition condition. Then low temperature heat treatment is required for deposition on metal substrate. On the other hand, such heat treatment also permits non-reacted BaF/sub 2/ in fired film, that leads to low J/sub c/ of the film, Therefore it is the key to fabricate YBCO film with entire reaction of BaF/sub 2/ by the low temperature heat treatment. We have investigated chemical reactions in firing and established a firing profile to fabricate YBCO film even at 725/spl deg/C. With this profile, we can successfully fabricate the YBCO film at 725/spl deg/C on CeO/sub 2/ buffered YSZ single crystal which has J/sub c/ of 3.0 MA/cm/sub 2/ and the YBCO film on CeO/sub 2/ (sputtered)/YSZ (ion-beam-assisted deposition: IBAD) buffered Ni based alloy (hastelloy) tape which has J/sub c/ of 0.81 MA/cm/sup 2/.
Analysis of cartilage maturation using micromass cultures of primary chondrocytes (2000)

A micromass culture (MM-C) system of primary immature chondrocytes for functional analysis of soluble factors involved in the maturation step of cartilage was previously developed. Ectopically expressed BMP-2 was shown to induce the expression of the Ihh and Noggin genes. Here it is demonstrated that, upon longer culture, secreted bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) further promotes the maturation step as judged by the induction of type X collagen and BMP-6 expression, which are known to be detectable in the later phase of cartilage maturation. Induction of all of these genes by secreted BMP-2 was not inhibited by ectopic expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) induced by retrovirus vector infection, although the same virus vector showed strong inhibitory effects on the expression of type X collagen gene or alkaline phosphatase activity in mature chondrocytes. These results suggest that the maturation-promoting activity exhibited by BMP-2 is dominant over the suppressive effect of PTHrP in immature chondrocytes. When the BMP-6 gene was introduced into the same virus vector as that used for BMP-2, it induced the same sets of genes (Ihh, Noggin, type X collagen and endogenous BMP-6) as BMP-2 did. These results also suggest that BMP-6 would autonomously maintain and/or promote a later stage of chondrocytic maturation.
Improvement of linewidth in laser beam lithographed computer generated hologram (2010)

We propose a new laser lithographic technique with enhanced resolution. A calcite wave plate is introduced in our system to separate an input lithographic beam into two orthogonally polarized beams. After going through an imaging lens, these two beams meet again on the focal point, and generate a small interferogram that sharpens the shape of the focused beam spot. Using this phenomenon, we can overcome the diffraction limit of the imaging lens and achieve a 486-nm-linewidth.
A new technique to optimize the coil winding path for the arbitrarily distributed magnetic field and application to a helical confinement system (2003)

A new technique to calculate the optimum modular coil winding path for a helical plasma confinement system has been developed. The technique is based on current potential on an arbitrary surface with finite elements and singular value decomposition (SVD). No function is assumed for the current potential distribution, and then, little error occurs from modeling. The SVD is applied to the response matrix from the current potential to the magnetic field on the plasma surface. The current distribution is constructed from an eigen distribution obtained through SVD so that the normal field component is small. The coil winding path is determined along the flow lines or equi-contour lines of current potential. The current on the obtained coil winding path was confirmed able to generate good magnetic surfaces.
Effects of protease inhibitors on radiation transformation in vitro. (1981)

We have investigated the effects of three protease inhibitors, antipain, leupeptin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor, on the induction of oncogenic transformation in mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells by X-rays. The patterns of inhibition by the three protease inhibitors were different. Antipain was the most effective, having the ability to suppress completely radiation transformation as well as radiation transformation enhanced by the phorbol ester promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The fact that antipain could suppress transformation when present for only 1 day following irradiation suggests that an effect on a DNA repair process might be important in its action. Leupeptin was less effective than antipain in its inhibition of radiation transformation. Soybean trypsin inhibitor suppressed only the promotional effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on transformation. Our results suggest that there may be more than one protease involved in carcinogenesis.
Carbon fiber reinforced concrete for smart structures capable of non-destructive flaw detection (1993)

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Anwendung von Attributen (Stücklistenerstellung) (1990)

Attribute sind Textinformationen über Eigenschaften einer Zeichnung, die Sie zusammen mit einem Block abgespeichern können. Wird der Block in eine Zeichnung eingefügt, kann der Wert des Attributs (z. B. eine DIN-Bezeichnung) abgefragt und in die Zeichnung übertragen werden. Der Block und die zugehörigen Attribute können bei jeder neuen Einfügung mit einem veränderten Text versehen werden. Alle Attribute können aus der Zeichnung beispielsweise in eine Datenbank oder in ein Anwenderprogramm (z. B. in AutoLISP oder in andere, s. Kapitel 15) übertragen werden.
A machine learning solution to assess privacy policy completeness (2012)

A privacy policy is a legal document, used by websites to communicate how the personal data that they collect will be managed. By accepting it, the user agrees to release his data under the conditions stated by the policy. Privacy policies should provide enough information to enable users to make informed decisions. Privacy regulations support this by specifying what kind of information has to be provided. As privacy policies can be long and difficult to understand, users tend not to read them. Because of this, users generally agree with a policy without knowing what it states and whether aspects important to him are covered at all. In this paper we present a solution to assist the user by providing a structured way to browse the policy content and by automatically assessing the completeness of a policy, i.e. the degree of coverage of privacy categories important to the user. The privacy categories are extracted from privacy regulations, while text categorization and machine learning techniques are used to verify which categories are covered by a policy. The results show the feasibility of our approach; an automatic classifier, able to associate the right category to paragraphs of a policy with an accuracy approximating that obtainable by a human judge, can be effectively created.
A Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Antagonist Enhances Antigen-Presenting Capacity and Tumor Cell Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses by Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2013)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) has emerged as a critical inhibitory molecule for controlling the cytokine response and antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), thereby regulating the magnitude of both innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide can weaken or block the inhibition function of SOCS1 in DCs by evaluating the phenotype and cytokine production, antigen-presenting, and specific T-cell-activating capacities of DCs electroporated with human gastric cancer cell total RNA. Furthermore, STAT1 activation of the JAK/STAT signal pathway mediated by SOCS1 was analyzed by Western blotting. The results demonstrate that the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide upregulated the expression of the maturation marker (CD83) and costimulatory molecule (CD86) of RNA-electroporated human monocyte-derived mature DCs (mDCs), potentiated the capacity of mDCs to induce T-cell proliferation, stimulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor cell antigen-specific CTLs activated by human gastric cancer cell total RNA-electroporated mDCs. Data from Western blot analysis indicate that STAT1 was further activated in pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide-loaded mDCs. These results imply that the SOCS1 antagonist pJAK2(1001-1013) peptide is an effective reagent for the enhancement of antigen-specific antitumor immunity by DCs.
Growth of specially doped YAG laser crystal and its multifunction properties (1984)

Properties such as self-Q-switching or self-mode-locking of ruby and Nd:glass lasers have been reported previously. Most of these lasers made use of the thermal lens effect and the effect of saturable absorption of an instantaneous color center. These effects were produced by an optical pumping active medium. The growth of a new kind of self-modulation laser crystal (specially doped Nd:YAG) and its multifunction properties were described in these papers. The stable color center absorption band has a peak wavelength of 1.03μm and halfwidth of ~180 nm, caused by a special dopant in the crystal. It was found that the absorption band which covers the Nd3+ 4F3/2 → 4/1.1/2 emission wavelength has a saturable absorption effect for 1.06-μm emission.