gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 2‐dependent phosphorylations of Mps one binder 1B in the activation of nuclear Dbf2‐related kinases (2009)

Mammalian nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) kinases (LATS1, LATS2, NDR1 and NDR2) play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and morphological changes. Mammalian sterile 20-like (MST) kinases and Mps one binder (MOB) proteins are important in the activation of NDR kinases. MOB1 is phosphorylated by MST1 and MST2 and this phosphorylation enhances the ability of MOB1 to activate NDR kinases. The phosphorylated MOB1 can be more effective as a scaffold protein to facilitate the MST-dependent phosphorylation of NDR kinases and/or as a direct activator of NDR kinases. We previously reported that Thr74 of MOB1B is phosphorylated by MST2. Thr12 and Thr35 have also been identified as phosphorylation sites. In this study, we quantified the phosphorylation of Thr74 using the phosphorylated Thr74-specific antibody. Thr74 is indeed phosphorylated by MST2, but the efficiency is low, suggesting that MOB1B can activate NDR kinases without the phosphorylation of Thr74. We also showed that the phosphorylated MOB1B activates NDR1 T444D and LATS2 T1041D, in which threonine residues phosphorylated by MST kinases are replaced with phosphorylation-mimicking aspartic acid, more efficiently than the unphosphorylated MOB1B does. This finding supports that the phosphorylation of MOB1B enhances its ability as a direct activator of NDR kinases.
Effects of Native and Myeloperoxidase-Modified Apolipoprotein A-I on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Mice (2014)

Myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation renders ApoA-I dysfunctional and unable to (1) promote reverse cholesterol transport, (2) mediate beneficial changes in the composition of atherosclerotic plaques, and (3) pacify the inflammatory status of plaque macrophages.
Surface‐Modified Metallic Biomaterials in Contact with Blood and Endothelial Cells (2007)

Abstract Summary : The experimental procedures were undertaken in order to characterize of surface‐modified metallic substrates. Results revealed that carbon layers coating the substrates made metallic surface generally more biocompatible and more resistant to biofilm formation. Titanium‐nitride or titanium carbo‐nitride layers on the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) allow for modulation of thrombogenity degree of the surface. Our investigations employed several methods: fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques, SPR‐biosensor technology, 2D‐electrophoresis and flow cytofluorymetry.
The Microglial Reaction in the Rat Dorsal Hippocampus following Transient Forebrain Ischemia (1991)

We have examined the distribution and time course of the microglial reaction in the rat dorsal hippocampus after 25-min transient forebrain ischemia (four-vessel occlusion model). Microglial cells were visualized in brain sections using lectin staining with the Griffonia simplicifolia B4-isolectin following intervals of reperfusion ranging from 20 min to 4 weeks. Increased staining of microglial cells was detected in the dentate hilus and area CA1 as early as 20 min after reperfusion. These same regions demonstrated more intense microglial staining after 24 h. The strongest microglial reaction was observed 4-6 days after reperfusion when reactive microglia were abundant throughout all laminae of CA1 and the dentate hilus. Following longer reperfusion intervals, the microglial reaction became less intense; however, it remained above normal levels until the end of the fourth week. At all time points examined, microglial reactivity in the CA3 pyramidal and dentate granule cell layers was considerably lower than that observed in CA1 and dentate hilus. Our results are consistent with the known serial pathological changes associated with cerebral ischemia, but, in addition, show that the examination of the microglial reaction provides an extremely sensitive indicator of subtle and morphologically nonapparent neuronal damage during the early stages of injury.
Local Government and the NHS: Accountability in the Hollowed Out State (1995)

The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast accountability within local government and the NHS in the UK. There are it seems a plethora of analyses which deal individually with each of these components of decentralised government, but few purport to compare and contrast the concept of account ability as it applies to both. A key theme of the analysis is that in spite of a number of differences between regimes of accountability in local government and the NHS, there are crucial similarities. These similarities need to be located within the political economy of the 1980s and the 1990s. The authors use Rhodes' concept of 'the hollowing out of the state' for consid ering the changes that have permeated local government and the NHS. The hollowed out state is conceptualised as a shift in the balance of power within the state towards the centre rather than as a weakening of the state, as the language may imply. This has had a crucial impact on accountability. In terms of the public services which are delivered under the auspices of local government and the NHS, it has meant that the centre has been attempting in effect to reconstitute the concept of accountability in accordance with its own predilections
Tunable Bandgap in Silicene and Germanene (2011)

By using ab initio calculations, we predict that a vertical electric field is able to open a band gap in semimetallic single-layer buckled silicene and germanene. The sizes of the band gap in both silicene and germanene increase linearly with the electric field strength. Ab initio quantum transport simulation of a dual-gated silicene field effect transistor confirms that the vertical electric field opens a transport gap, and a significant switching effect by an applied gate voltage is also observed. Therefore, biased single-layer silicene and germanene can work effectively at room temperature as field effect transistors.
In vitro plant regeneration from leaf expiants of <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> (tomato) (1976)

Leaf discs from 15 mutant clones of tomato were tested for their morphogenetic response in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 12 combinations of the growth regulators napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BA) and 4 combinations of NAA and zeatin. The results show that either callus, shoots, roots, or shoots and roots can be produced depending upon the hormone concentrations and ratios. Plants were regenerated from 12 of the 15 varieties tested.
Enhancing the solution quality of hardware ising-model solver via parallel tempering (2018)

We propose an efficient Ising processor with approximated parallel tempering (IPAPT) implemented on an FPGA. Hardware-friendly approximations of the components of parallel tempering (PT) are proposed to enhance solution quality with low hardware overhead. Multiple replicas of Ising states having different temperatures run in parallel by sharing a single network structure, and the replicas are exchanged based on the approximated energy evaluation. The application of PT substantially improves the quality of optimization solutions. The experimental results on the various max-cut problems have shown that utilization of PT significantly increases the probability of obtaining optimal solutions, and IPAPT obtains optimal solutions two orders magnitude faster than a software solver.
Mortalität in Industriegesellschaften (1997)

Moderne und traditionelle Gesellschaften unterscheiden sich in der Art und Wirksamkeit der Kontrolle des Todes. In modernen Gesellschaften besteht für die Mehrzahl der Menschen eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß sie erst nach einem relativ langen Leben eines „natürlichen“ Todes sterben. Der gewaltsame frühzeitige Tod wurde zurückgedrängt.
Adaptive Digital Audio Effects (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sound-feature extraction Mapping sound features to control parameters Examples of adaptive DAFX Conclusions References
Prevalence and pathogenicity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle and their products1,2 (2007)

During the past 23 yr, a large number of human illness outbreaks have been traced worldwide to consumption of undercooked ground beef and other beef products contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Although several routes exist for human infection with STEC, beef remains a main source. Thus, beef cattle are considered reservoirs of O157 and nonO157 STEC. Because of the global nature of the food supply, safety concerns with beef will continue, and the challenges facing the beef industry will increase at the production and processing levels. To be prepared to address these concerns and challenges, it is critical to assess the beef cattle role in human infection with STEC. Because most STEC outbreaks in the United States were traced to beef containing E. coli O157:H7, the epidemiological studies have focused on the prevalence of this serotype in beef and beef cattle. Worldwide, however, additional STEC serotypes (e.g., members of the O26, O91, O103, O111, O118, O145, and O166 serogroups) have been isolated from beef and caused human illnesses ranging from bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). To provide a global assessment of the STEC problem, published reports on beef and beef cattle in the past 3 decades were evaluated. The prevalence rates of E. coli O157 ranged from 0.1 to 54.2% in ground beef, from 0.1 to 4.4% in sausage, from 1.1 to 36.0% in various retail cuts, and from 0.01 to 43.4% in whole carcasses. The corresponding prevalence rates of nonO157 STEC were 2.4 to 30.0%, 17.0 to 49.2%, 11.4 to 49.6%, and 1.7 to 58.0%, respectively. Of the 162 STEC serotypes isolated from beef products, 43 were detected in HUS patients and 36 are known to cause other human illnesses. With regard to beef cattle, the prevalence rates of E. coli O157 ranged from 0.3 to 19.7% in feedlots and from 0.7 to 27.3% on pasture. The corresponding prevalence rates of nonO157 STEC were 4.6 to 55.9% and 4.7 to 44.8%, respectively. Of the 373 STEC serotypes isolated from cattle feces or hides, 65 were detected in HUS patients and 62 are known to cause other human illnesses. The results indicated the prevalence of a large number of pathogenic STEC in beef and beef cattle at high rates and emphasized the critical need for control measures to assure beef safety.
STING and TRIF Contribute to Mouse Sepsis, Depending on Severity of the Disease Model (2016)

IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 plays a detrimental role in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model of sepsis. However, it is unclear which pathway activates IRF3 in this context. In this report, we investigate two pathways that activate IRF3: the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway (that senses cytosolic DNA) and the TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway (that senses dsRNA and LPS via Toll-like receptor 3 and 4). Initially, we examine the impact of these pathways using a severe CLP model (∼90% mortality). Both STING-KO and TRIF-KO mice are protected from severe sepsis, exhibiting reduced mortality, disease score, hypothermia, and inflammatory cytokines relative to WT counterparts. STING/TRIF-DKO mice exhibit a similar phenotype to each of the single KO strains, suggesting that these pathways have an interrelated function. Subsequently, we examine the impact of these pathways using a moderate CLP model incorporating clinical treatments (Lactated Ringer Solution and antibiotics, ∼36% mortality). In this case, STING-KO mice show a similar phenotype to WT counterparts, while TRIF-KO mice show improved disease score and hypothermia. During sepsis, innate immune receptors recognize bacterial ligands and host-derived danger signals, including cell-free DNA released into the circulation. We show that IRF3 is activated in cultured macrophages treated with bacteria derived from the mouse cecum, dependent on TRIF, and in macrophages treated with mouse genomic DNA/Lipofectamine 2000, dependent on STING. Together, our data demonstrate that both the STING and TRIF pathways can promote sepsis pathogenesis; however, their contribution depends on the severity of the disease model. We show that bacteria are abundant in the peritoneum following both severe and moderate CLP, while cell-free DNA is more highly elevated in the serum following severe CLP compared with sham and moderate CLP. Hence, the presence of bacteria and cell-free DNA may explain the variable phenotypes in our severe CLP model (dependent on TRIF and STING) versus our moderate CLP model (dependent on TRIF only).
Cytotoxic Effects of One-step Self-etching Dental Adhesives on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro. (2016)

All tested dental adhesives have significant adverse effects on cell viability. Therefore, precautions should be taken to protect the periodontal tissues when dental adhesives are applied in the clinic.
2 CONCENTRATION INEQUALITIES FOR ORDER STATISTICS (2016)

This note describes non-asymptotic variance and tail bounds for order statistics of samples of independent identically distributed random variables. When the sampling distribution belongs to a maximum domain of attraction, these bounds are checked to be asymptotically tight. When the sampling distribution has a non decreasing hazard rate, we derive an exponential Efron-Stein inequality for order statistics, that is an inequality connecting the logarithmic moment generating function of order statistics with exponential moments of Efron-Stein (jackknife) estimates of variance. This connection is used to derive variance and tail bounds for order statistics of Gaussian samples that are not within the scope of the Gaussian concentration inequality. Proofs are elementary and combine Rényi's representation of order statistics with the entropy approach to concentration of measure popularized by M. Ledoux.
Infection (2010)

Musculoskeletal infection is a clinical problem with significant direct healthcare costs. The prevalence of infection after closed, elective surgery is frequently estimated to be less than 2%, but in severe injuries, posttraumatic infection rates have been reported as 10% or greater. Although clinical infections are found outside the realm of medical devices, it is clear that the enormous increase of infections associated with the use of implants presents a major challenge worldwide. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of musculoskeletal infections.
Overall Wafer Effectiveness (OWE): A Novel Industry Standard for Wafer Productivity (2006)

Overall equipment efficiency (OEE) is an index that is widely used to measure equipment performance for semiconductor manufacturing. However, little research has been done to address productivity from the perspective of wafer exposure performance. This study aims to propose a novel standard, overall wafer effectiveness (OWE), to evaluate the effectiveness of wafer exposure rather than only considering tool productivity. Furthermore, the proposed OWE can be easily extended to incorporate additional attributes such as throughput, yield, and price. In particular, a weighted OWE that integrates mask field utilization and OWE is illustrated with numerical example to show the practical viability of OWE as a semiconductor industry standard to drive collaborative efforts among IC designers, equipment vendors, and manufacturers for enhancing total wafer effectiveness.
A Proton Exchange between Purines and Water and Its Application to Biochemistry<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Proton Exchange between Purines and Water and Its Application to Biochemistry*Keith R. Shelton and John M. Clark, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 9, 2735–2739Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00861a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00861a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DQS's experience with SRE (2002)

This is an experience report on the application of software reliability engineering (SRE) in developing the Data Quality System (DQS). DQS is a knowledge-based software system developed by Lucent Technologies. It was developed to synchronize data spread among several disparate databases. The first application of DQS was to telecommunications network databases. Because the development of DQS was a large custom software development project, SRE was employed to assist in measuring product quality and readiness for production use. In this report, we first describe what we wanted to accomplish in applying SRE methods in the DQS project. The AT&T best current practice outlined the prerequisites for applying SRE during testing. We describe how we addressed these prerequisites in the DQS project. In particular, we discuss specifics on: what assumptions were made regarding an operational profile; how test cases were selected to conform to operational profile usage; and how test log forms were designed and used to collect failure data and to manage the test effort itself. Next, we share the results of reliability growth modeling during the system testing and field trials. Finally, we highlight what we learned in our initial implementation of SRE and what plans were recommended for subsequent implementations.
Brain‐to‐blood active transport of β‐alanine across the blood–brain barrier (1997)

A high-affinity antiluminal uptake system for beta-alanine was demonstrated in primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) for which K(t) is 66.9 microM. beta alanine uptake was energy-, sodium- and chloride ion-dependent. beta-amino acids strongly inhibited the uptake, while alpha- and gamma-amino acids had a little or no inhibitory effect. In ATP-depleted cells, the uptake was stimulated by preloading beta-alanine or taurine but not by L-leucine. These results suggest that beta-alanine is actively transported across the antiluminal membrane of BCECs that is common to beta-amino acids. The system may function for the efflux from the brain to blood.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation:. Toward a Totally Endoscopic, Beating Heart Approach (2004)

In the last several years, a number of procedures have been conceived that have attempted to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) by creating a limited set of lesions modeled after those of the Maze operation. These lesions have been created by a variety of means, including the traditional cut-and-sew method, but also by nonincisional techniques. These have included cryoablation as well as several thermal techniques, using radiofrequency, microwave, laser, and focused ultrasound energy. One reason for the development of these nonincisional techniques has been the desire to develop less invasive operations for the treatment of AF. The specific goal of our center has been to utilize these energy sources as well as other minimally invasive tools, such as surgical robots, to develop a closed chest, off-pump procedure for AF. The development of such a procedure is outlined in this article.
Designing ASICs for use with multichip modules (2003)

An image processing computer based on multichip module (MCM) technology is under development. To accommodate the required real-time functionality, the system incorporates three types of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Design considerations that arise when ASICs are being designed for use in MCM-based systems are presented. The most important aspect is that ASICs and their modules can operate significantly faster with MCM systems ( approximately 25%) than with PCBs, due to the significantly shorter distances for signals to travel and the lower noise due to the elimination of IC package parasitics. Also, boundary scan is a must for MCM ASICs, while built-in self-test also offers important advantages. Finally, the ASIC designer must remain vigilant in staying within the power dissipation budget.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The functional role of eIF-4E in primary central nervous system lymphoma (2008)

3418 Primary central nerve system malignant lymphoma (PCNSL) is defined as a diffuse lymphoma presenting in the brain or spinal cord without systemic lymphoma. The incidence of PCNSL has increased among both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients, although there are no lymph nodes or lymphatics within the nervous system, the pathogenesis and histogenetic origin of PCNSL is poorly understood. The mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E), plays an important role in mRNA translation and the activity is implicated in cell growth and proliferation. Increased eIF-4E expression has been associated with tumor formation and progression in human malignancies including leukemias, lymphomas and cancers of breast, colon, bladder, lung, prostate, head and neck. We observed the overexpression of eIF-4E and phosphorylated eIF4E, activated form, in the immunohistochemical analysis of the specimens from the PCNSL patients.  In order to examine the participation of eIF4E in PCNSL for molecular biology, we used a cell line derived from human brain malignant lymphoma (HKBML). Western blotting analysis showed that eIF4E was activated in HKBML, but wasn9t inhibited by the inhibitors of MAPK (PD98059) and p38MAPK (SB203580). However, the inhibitor of Mnk-1 (CGP57380) could inhibit the activation of eIF4E. Furthermore, CGP57380 inhibited the cell proliferation of HKBML cells in MTT assay and induced a G1 arrest in cell cycle by flow cytometry.  These data suggested that the activity of eIF-4E in the cell line derived from human brain malignant lymphoma is dependent on Mnk-1. The activated eIF4E may play an important role in cell proliferation in PCNSL.