gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gone in Six Characters: Short URLs Considered Harmful for Cloud Services (2016)

Modern cloud services are designed to encourage and support collaboration. To help users share links to online documents, maps, etc., several services, including cloud storage providers such as Microsoft OneDrive and mapping services such as Google Maps, directly integrate URL shorteners that convert long, unwieldy URLs into short URLs, consisting of a domain such as 1drv.ms or goo.gl and a short token. In this paper, we demonstrate that the space of 5- and 6-character tokens included in short URLs is so small that it can be scanned using brute-force search. Therefore, all online resources that were intended to be shared with a few trusted friends or collaborators are effectively public and can be accessed by anyone. This leads to serious security and privacy vulnerabilities. In the case of cloud storage, we focus on Microsoft OneDrive. We show how to use short-URL enumeration to discover and read shared content stored in the OneDrive cloud, including even files for which the user did not generate a short URL. 7% of the OneDrive accounts exposed in this fashion allow anyone to write into them. Since cloud-stored files are automatically copied into users' personal computers and devices, this is a vector for large-scale, automated malware injection. In the case of online maps, we show how short-URL enumeration reveals the directions that users shared with each other. For many individual users, this enables inference of their residential addresses, true identities, and extremely sensitive locations they visited that, if publicly revealed, would violate medical and financial privacy.
Rays or Waves? Understanding the Strengths and Weaknesses of Computational Room Acoustics Modeling Techniques (2010)

The pros and cons of wave-based and ray-based room acoustics modeling methods are overviewed. Links between imagesource, boundary element and radiance transfer methods are presented. The emphasis is on the main bottlenecks of each method. Accuracy, computational performance and applicability of the output of each method determine for modeling which part of the response they can be used. It is proposed that wave-based methods are used for low frequencies, image source methods for the early part of the room response for mid- and high frequencies, and radiance transfer methods for the rest of the response.
Majoration de la sensibilité au bortézomib dans le myélome multiple en favorisant la migration des cellules tumorales dans le sang par un inhibiteur de CXCR4, l'AMD3100 (2009)

Auteur(s) : Mathieu Wemeau, Sandy Balkaran, Xavier Leleu Service des maladies du sang, Hopital Huriez, Lille Les interactions entre les plasmocytes tumoraux dans le myelome multiple (MM) et le micro-environnement medullaire sont determinantes dans la pathogenicite de cette maladie et le developpement du plasmocyte tumoral dans la niche medullaire [1, 2]. Il y a des arguments pour penser que les plasmocytes tumoraux ne sont pas « figes » dans les niches de la moelle osseuse, [...]
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Graphene (Reduced Graphene Oxide)/Aluminum Composites with a Bioinspired Nanolaminated Structure (2015)

Bulk graphene (reduced graphene oxide)-reinforced Al matrix composites with a bioinspired nanolaminated microstructure were fabricated via a composite powder assembly approach. Compared with the unreinforced Al matrix, these composites were shown to possess significantly improved stiffness and tensile strength, and a similar or even slightly higher total elongation. These observations were interpreted by the facilitated load transfer between graphene and the Al matrix, and the extrinsic toughening effect as a result of the nanolaminated microstructure.
Hypergeometric tail inequalities: ending the insanity (2013)

The hypergeometric distribution is briefly and informally surveyed, including popular notation, symmetries, and the tail inequalities $Pr[i \ge E[i]+tn] \le e^{-2t^2n}$ and $Pr[i \le E[i]-tn] \le e^{-2t^2n}$.
Neurorehabilitation using the virtual reality based Rehabilitation Gaming System: methodology, design, psychometrics, usability and validation (2010)

We introduce a novel VR based paradigm for neurorehabilitation, RGS, which combines specific rehabilitative principles with a psychometric evaluation to provide a personalized and automated training. Our results show that the RGS effectively adjusts to the individual features of the user, allowing for an unsupervised deployment of individualized rehabilitation protocols.
A possible mechanism of anomalous shift and asymmetric hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric thin films (2005)

Author name used in this publication: F. G. Shin
Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on thallium myocardial clearance. (1983)

Factors influencing the rate of 201Tl clearance from the myocardium have not been clearly defined. This study determined the effect of an intravenous infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) on the net 201Tl clearance rates from myocardium with and without initial 201Tl loading. Anesthetized open-chest dogs underwent 5 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and intravenous 201Tl was injected and the occlusion released 5 min later. Thirty minutes after 201Tl injection, 30 ml of either GIK (nine dogs) or saline (five dogs) was infused intravenously. The clearance rates of 201Tl from the anterior wall (without initial 201Tl loading) and from the posterior wall (with initial 201Tl loading) were monitored with miniaturized cadmium telluride detectors placed on the myocardium. Calculation of net myocardial clearance rates was performed by linear regression analysis from serial 1 min counts. Compared with saline infusion, GIK increased the net clearance of 201Tl from both myocardial regions with and without initial loading. The most marked change induced by GIK infusion was in the myocardial region without initial 201Tl loading; a net increase in 201Tl activity (72 +/- 42 cpm/30 min) was converted into a net loss (-594 +/- 228 cpm/30 min). There was no significant change in 201Tl clearance after the saline infusion. Heart rate, aortic and left atrial pressure, sonomicrometer-measured transmural myocardial wall thickness, microsphere-determined myocardial blood flow, and blood glucose and potassium concentrations did not change significantly during GIK or saline infusions. Thus, GIK infusion appears to increase net 201Tl clearance from myocardial zones with and without initial 201Tl loading.
Depth-based weighted bi-prediction for video plus depth map coding (2012)

Video with depth is attracting attention as a promising approach to future 3D video. Unlike conventional video coding technologies, video with depth should take the correlations between video and depth into account. This paper proposes a novel bi-prediction scheme for video coding that exploits the structure similarity between video and depth. In the proposed scheme, a prediction image is generated by the pixel-wise weighted average of motion compensated reference images, and weights are decided by considering pixel similarities in the depth domain. The proposed pixel-wise weighted bi-prediction offers implicit depth-based block partitioning with consideration of the pixel correlations between predicted and reference blocks. Compared to using explicit, arbitrary shaped block partitioning, the proposed method offers better prediction for non-rigid objects, and requires no increase in motion information. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve up to 17% bitrate reduction for bi-predictive frames and about 8% on average for 6 sequences relative to the existing biprediction scheme.
A fast tomographic reconstruction algorithm in the 2-D wavelet transform domain (2002)

A new method for tomographic reconstruction using 2-D wavelet transform (WT) is proposed. Computed tomography involves huge matrices which make the reconstruction process costly. The WT can focus the useful information on a small number of entries. Then, the computation time can be significantly reduced by using special algorithms to exploit the sparsity of the matrices. Moreover, computing the solution in the WT domain scatters errors on several resolutions and thus, control the quality of the reconstruction. We also show that the 2-D WT is more efficient than the 1-D WT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a new 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degrading plasmid pEST4011: physical map and localization of catabolic genes (1993)

Plasmid pEST4011 enables Pseudomonas putida PaW85 to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA). This new 2,4-D degradative plasmid has considerable homology with the regions of pJP4 containing the 2,4-D degradative genes (tfd). Restriction fragment BamHI-B of plasmid pEST4011, which has homology with this region, was cloned into the broad-host-range vector pKT240 and studied in P. putida PaW85. Restriction mapping, hybridization analysis and enzyme assays established the location of the genes for 2,4-D monooxygenase (tfdA), 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase (tfdB), chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC) and the tfdR and tfdS regulatory genes on this fragment. Plasmid pEST4012 is a derivative of pEST4011 derived through the spontaneous deletion of a 42 kbp DNA fragment, which results in the loss of the 2,4-D+ and 3-CBA+ phenotype. We present here the physical maps of pEST4011 and pEST4012. In spite of the similarities in functions, the size (70 kbp), order of catabolic genes and restriction pattern of pEST4011 are clearly different from those of pJP4.
Functional Probes of Drug–Receptor Interactions Implicated by Structural Studies: Cys-Loop Receptors Provide a Fertile Testing Ground (2014)

Structures of integral membrane receptors provide valuable models for drug-receptor interactions across many important classes of drug targets and have become much more widely available in recent years. However, it remains to be determined to what extent these images are relevant to human receptors in their biological context and how subtle issues such as subtype selectivity can be informed by them. The high precision structural modifications enabled by unnatural amino acid mutagenesis on mammalian receptors expressed in vertebrate cells allow detailed tests of predictions from structural studies. Using the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels, we show that functional studies lead to detailed binding models that, at times, are significantly at odds with the structural studies on related invertebrate proteins. Importantly, broad variations in binding interactions are seen for very closely related receptor subtypes and for varying drugs at a given binding site. These studies highlight the essential interplay between structural studies and functional studies that can guide efforts to develop new pharmaceuticals.
The promoter of the chicken cardiac myosin light chain 2 gene shows cell-specific expression in transfected primary cultures of chicken muscle (1988)

Transcriptional regulation of the chicken cardiac myosin light chain 2 (MLC2-A) gene was investigated in chicken primary myoblast and fibroblast cultures transfected with vector constructs containing the bacterial marker gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under the control of the MLC2-A promoter. We here demonstrate that sequences close to the TATA box are sufficient to direct muscle specific and regulated expression of the MLC2-A mRNA. Transcription from MLC2-A promoter/CAT hybrids in myocytes starts from the authentic cap site that is also used in vivo. In primary breast muscle cells, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), a reversible blocking agent of cell differentiation, suppresses transcription from the MLC2-A promoter whereas nonmuscle promoters like the RSV- or the cytoplasmic beta-actin promoter are unaffected in their transcriptional capacity. Although the endogenous cardiac MLC2-A gene in chicken is exclusively active in heart, the transfected MLC 2-A promoter escapes this cell type control in primary cultures of breast muscle. These results demonstrate that although muscle specificity of the MLC2-A gene and its transcriptional up-regulation during differentiation is maintained in a rather short promoter segment, restrictive elements determining the muscle cell type specificity in vivo are either not present in our constructs or are not acting under the conditions of transient transfection.
Recombinant human α-interferon in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial from France (1991)

We have conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of recombinant human alpha-interferon for efficacy in 60 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The source of infection appeared to be transfusion in 30 patients, intravenous drug abuse in 16 patients and was unknown in 14 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to no treatment or to treatment with either 1 or 3 MU of alpha-interferon given three times a week for 24 wk. Forty-five patients (75%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. During the 24-wk treatment period, mean serum ALT levels decreased in both treatment groups, but the decrease was statistically significant only in the 3 MU group. However, at 24 wk, the proportion of patients with normal ALT levels was similar in the 3 MU group (39%) and the 1 MU group (45%), and both were significantly higher than in controls (0%). Repeat liver biopsy specimens showed a significant decrease in the severity of histological changes in the 3 MU group but not in the 1 MU group or in controls. Responses to alpha-interferon did not correlate with patient's age, gender, source of infection, pretreatment serum ALT, presence of anti-hepatitis C virus or cirrhosis. After treatment, the mean ALT levels rose in both treated groups. The proportion of patients with normal ALT levels at wk 48 was 28% in the 3 MU group and 20% in the 1 MU group. In conclusion, a dose of 3 MU was superior to 1 MU of alpha-interferon given three times weekly for 24 wk in inducing improvements in serum ALT levels and liver histological examinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ossification of Ligamentum (2007)

Object The authors evaluated different surgical methods used to treat thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). Methods Data obtained in 40 patients who underwent posterior decompression for thoracic myelopathy caused by thoracic OLF were studied retrospectively. There were 32 men and eight women. All patients underwent posterior decompression in which laminoplasty was performed or laminectomy combined with lateral fusion. Every surgical specimen was stained with H & E, and scanning electron microscopy was performed in 20 cases. The mean follow-up period was 28 months. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using a recovery scale based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association classification. There were a total of 168 ossified segments in this series, 77.4% of which were located in the lower thoracic spine. Marginal osteophyte formation was found in 36 patients; in 32 of the 36 patients, these marginal osteophytes were located at the intervertebral space either higher or lower than the ossified segment. Scanning electron microscopy showed elastic fiber breakdown, proliferation of collagenous fibers, calcification, and OLF in the same microscopy region. Laminoplasty was performed in four patients. In three cases surgery resulted in unchanged or worse outcome (increased kyphotic deformity in two), and in one it resulted in good outcome. Laminectomy combined with lateral fusion was performed in 36 patients, in 30 cases of which it resulted in a good or fair outcome, and increased kyphotic deformity in only one. Of these 36 laminectomy-treated patients, an en bloc laminectomy-treated procedure was performed in 16 patients; in 11 of the 12 patients with lateral or diffuse-type lesions the surgery resulted in a good or fair outcome. En bloc laminectomy, however, seems ineffective in the treatment of patients with thickened, nodular-type thoracic OLF, as the procedure resulted in worse outcome in two of the four patients. The authors have thus developed a new modality of laminectomy that they have termed “separating laminectomy,” which they performed in 16 patients with thickened, nodular-type OLF; in 13 cases it resulted in a good or fair outcome, and in only one case did it result in a worse outcome. Conclusions The pathogenesis of thoracic OLF is mainly due to the localized mechanical stress on the ligament. Laminectomy combined with lateral fusion is the treatment of choice for thoracic OLF; furthermore, in terms of the configuration of the ossified lesion, en bloc laminectomy is suitable for the treatment of lateral-type and diffuse-type OLF, and the separating laminectomy is suitable for the thickened, nodular-type OLF.
Enamine chemistry of 2,3,4,6,7-12-hexahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine. I. Reaction with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnamine chemistry of 2,3,4,6,7-12-hexahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine. I. Reaction with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes and ketonesRobert N. Schut, Frederick E. Ward, and Theodore J. LeipzigCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 2, 330–333Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01254a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01254a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Butyrate production enhancement by <i>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</i> using electron mediators and a cathodic electron donor (2012)

Electron mediators and electron supply through a cathode were examined to enhance the reducing power for butyrate production by an acidogenic clostridium strain, Clostridium tyrobutyricum BAS 7. Among the tested electron mediators, methyl viologen (MV)-amended cultures showed an increase of butyrate productivity (1.3 times), final concentration (1.4 times), and yield (1.3 times). The electron flow altered by MV addition from the ferredoxin pool to the NADH pool was shown by one electron model, implying that more available NADH increased butyrate production. In the cathode compartment poised at -400 mV versus the Ag/AgCl electrode, the neutral red (NR)-amended cultures of Clostridium tyrobutyricum BAS 7 increased butyrate concentration (from 5 to 8.8 g/L) and yield (from 0.33 up to 0.44 g/g) with no acetate production at all. Given that electrically reduced NR (NR(red) , yellow) by the cathode was re-oxidized (NR(ox) , red) in the cells on the basis of color change, electron flow from NR(red) to NAD(+) (i.e., NADH generation) induced an increase in butyrate production. This is the first report to show the increase of butyric acid production by electrically driven acidogenesis. These results show that the electron flow altered NADH formation by electron mediators and by the cathodic electron donor, increasing the yield and selectivity of reduced end-products like butyrate.
A Mm-Wave Wideband MIMO RX With Instinctual Array-Based Blocker/Signal Management for Ultralow-Latency Communication (2019)

This article demonstrates a wideband mm-Wave multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) receiver (RX) system with cascadable array-based high-order autonomous spatial filters (ASFs) for closed-loop frontend beamforming, achieving “instinctual” (“Instinctual” is defined as an autonomous operation for sensing, controlling, processing signals with ultralow-latency and no backend digital signal processing assist.) management of multiblockers/signals with ultrafast response time. Over a full field-of-view (FoV), the ASFs achieve automatic blocker suppression and desired signal beamforming without prior knowledge on the angle-of-arrival/frequency/modulation and without beam-searching using backend computations. In particular, the ASFs realize frontend blocker suppression and substantially relax the dynamic range requirement of down-stream analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in digital arrays. Moreover, cascading multiple ASFs can sequentially suppress multiple blockers, essentially achieving the “iterative source localization” DSP algorithm by the frontend hardware. A proof-of-concept 27-41-GHz four-element MIMO RX array is implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process to support multistandard 5G links in the future congested/contested electromagnetic (EM) environments. With autonomous cancellation of multiple co-channel wideband blockers, a wideband desired signal can be received with high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), achieving -28.64-dB error vector magnitude (EVM) for 3-Gb/s 64QAM and -32.73-dB EVM for 0.8-Gb/s 256QAM. The measured MIMO beamforming response time for beam scanning, localization, and computation is <; 1.75 μs/stage, enabling 5G and beyond-5G ultralow-latency mm-Wave links.
Adoptive transfer of Tc17 CD8 T cells leads to tumor inhibition and anti-tumor response (95.15) (2010)

Abstract Although CD4+ T cells that secrete IL-17 (TH17) have been fairly well-studied, we and others have shown that CD8 T cells can be cultured under similar skewing conditions, resulting in CD8 cells with a robust ability to secrete IL-17. The physiological role such CD8 T cells (Tc17) is not well understood. In our previous data, we showed that Tc17 can functionally convert to IFN-g producing cells, expand, and mediate autoimmunity in a self-antigen murine model. Because autoimmunity and antitumor immunity both involve the breaking of peripheral T cell tolerance, we performed experiments to test whether Tc17 could mediate anti-tumor immunity in implanted tumor models. In a preventive model, small numbers (0.1M) of sorted IFN-g-producing Tc1, IL-17-producing or IFN-g-producing Tc17 TCR-transgenic HA-recognizing CD8 T cells were adoptively transferred to immunocompetent recipient (Balb/C) mice on day -1, and 0.5M CT-26 tumor cells expressing HA as antigen were implanted into the footpad on day 0. Adoptive transfer of Tc17 was significantly superior to Tc1 in mediating an antitumor response and a better survival rate. Additional mechanisms are being explored.
Ictal spect using an attachable automated injector: clinical usefulness in the prediction of ictal onset zone (2009)

The AAI method was superior to the conventional method in reducing the time lag of tracer injection and in localizing and lateralizing the ictal onset zone, especially in patients with non-TLE.
Holography in the IBM 3687 Supermarket Scanner (1982)

The IBM 3687 Supermarket Scanner is described, with emphasis on the holographic deflector disk used to create the scan pattern. The scanner exploits the functional advantages of holography to create a dense, multiple-focal-plane scan pattern with small spot size and large depth of field. The optical design of the holographic disk is discussed and basic disk fabrication concepts are introduced.