gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-modeling approach using simulation and optimization for supply-chain network systems. (2011)

Enabling two large complex models that use different types of execution algorithms to work together is a difficult problem. The semantics between the models must be matched and the execution of the algorithms have to be coordinated in a way that the data I/O timing is correct, the syntax and semantics of the data I/O to each algorithm is accurate, the synchronization of control is maintained, and the algorithms concurrent execution is managed. 
In this work, an approach is developed that uses a Knowledge Interchange Broker (KIB) to enable composition of general optimization and discrete process models consistent with their respective execution algorithms. The KIB provides a model specification that matches data and control semantics across two distinct classes of optimization and discrete process models. The KIB has a sequential execution algorithm in which two independent execution algorithms are synchronized. 
A domain where this kind of problem is seen is in the development of computational models of real world discrete manufacturing supply chain network systems. Modeling these systems require that the planning systems, manufacturing process flows, and their interactions to be concisely described. Planning systems generally use optimization algorithms for calculating future instructions to command what the manufacturing processes build. Manufacturing processes are commonly modeled using discrete event simulations. For supply chain network systems, the planning and manufacturing models can be very large. The KIB is an enabler for correctly combining these models into semantically consistent multi-models. 
Two common types of models used for planning and manufacturing are Linear Programming (LP) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES). In this work, a KIB has been developed and demonstrated on a set of theoretical representative semiconductor supply-chain network problems using LP and DES. The approach has then been successfully applied to integrating planning and simulation models of real-world problems seen at Intel Corporation's multi-billon dollar supply-chain network.
Two-step hydrothermal synthesis of submicron Li1+xNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ for lithium-ion battery cathodes (x = 0.02, δ = 0.12) (2012)

A facile two-step hydrothermal method is developed for the large-scale preparation of lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. In the reaction, nickel is introduced in a first step at neutral pH, followed by lithium insertion under base to form a product having composition Li(1.02)Ni(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(3.88). The X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy of the synthesized material support a cubic Fd3m structure in which Ni and Mn are disordered on the 16d Wyckoff site, necessary for good cycling characteristics. XP spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirms that Mn remains reduced in the final product (Z(Mn) = 3.82) and that two different chemical environments for Ni exist on the surface. SEM imaging shows a primary particle size of ~200 nm, and galvanostatic cycling of the material vs. Li(+/0) gives a reversible gravimetric capacity of ~120 mA h g(-1) at 1 C rate (147 mA g(-1)) with reversible cycling up to 1470 mA g(-1), supported by rapid Li(+) diffusion. The capacity fade at 1 C is substantial, 17.3% over the first 100 cycles between 3.4 and 5.0 V. However, when the voltage limits are altered, the capacity retention is excellent: nearly 100% when cycled either between 3.4 and 4.4 V (where oxygen vacancies are not electrochemically active) or 89% when cycled between 4.4 and 5.0 V (where the Jahn-Teller active Mn(4+/3+) couple is not accessed).
Susceptibility and Resistance of Several Fungi to Microbial Lysis (1966)

Potgieter, H. J. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Susceptibility and resistance of several fungi to microbial lysis. J. Bacteriol. 91:1526-1532. 1966.-Strains of Streptomyces, Nocardia, and Pseudomonas capable of lysing hyphae of Fusarium solani or Neurospora crassa were obtained by selective culture, but attempts to isolate an organism lysing Rhizoctonia solani failed. When provided with F. solani or N. crassa as carbon sources, the actinomycetes tested produced beta-(1 --> 3) glucanase and chitinase. A mixture containing purified chitinase and beta-(1 --> 3) glucanase induced spheroplast formation in F. solani, caused some morphological changes in N. crassa, but had almost no effect on R. solani hyphae. The polysaccharides in R. solani walls, which contain a large amount of glucose as well as galactose, mannose, and glucosamine, were not hydrolyzed appreciably by the two enzymes. Laminaribiose and laminaritriose were released by enzymatic hydrolysis of F. solani and N. crassa walls, and gentiobiose was liberated from R. solani and N. crassa walls. Melaninlike materials were found in R. solani walls, accounting for 8.50% of the wall weight. A role for melanin in protecting hyphae from microbial lysis is suggested.
Comparison between Random and Structured Packings for Dehumidification of Air by Lithium Chloride Solutions in a Packed Column and Their Heat and Mass Transfer Correlations (1996)

Random and structured packings were compared for their efficiency in dehumidification of air in a packed column using lithium chloride solutions. Experiments were conducted with cross corrugated cellulose and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) structured packings, and the results were compared with the data previously obtained for polypropylene Flexi rings and ceramic Berl saddles as random packings. The heat and mass transfer correlations were developed for both random and structured packings that considered the change in driving force due to the change in LiCl concentration. A dimensional analysis of the process variables was carried out using the Buckingham Pi method to obtain the dimensionless groups of the correlations. The data obtained with 5/8 in. polypropylene Flexi rings, 1/2 in. ceramic Berl saddles, and 2 in. clay Raschig rings (data for 2 in. Raschig rings were taken from Bichowsky and Kelley (1935)) were used to test the correlations for random packings. The correlations for structured packings were tested using the data obtained with cross corrugated cellulose and PVC packings. The values predicted by these correlations were within ±10% of the experimental data.
Microlithography: trends, challenges, solutions, and their impact on design (2003)

With lithography parameters approaching their limits, continuous improvement requires increasing dialogues and compromises between the technology and design communities. Only with such communication can semiconductor manufacturers reach the 30 nm physical-gate-length era with optical lithography. Optical lithography is an enabling technology for transistor miniaturization. With the wavelength and numerical aperture of exposure systems approaching their limits, the semiconductor industry needs continuous reduction of the k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> factor. Challenges include image quality improvement, proximity effect correction, and cost control. An indispensable ingredient for future success is improvement in the design-manufacture interface.
Tissue expression, structure and function of the murine Ly‐6 family of molecules (1995)

Murine Ly-6 molecules are a family of cell surface glycoproteins which have interesting patterns of tissue expression during haematopoiesis from multipotential stem cells to lineage committed precursor cells, and on specific leucocyte subpopulations in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. These interesting patterns of tissue expression suggest an intimate association between the regulation of Ly-6 expression and the development and homeostasis of the immune system. Ly-6 molecules are low molecular weight phosphatidyl inositol anchored glycoproteins with remarkable amino acid homology throughout a distinctive cysteine rich protein domain that is associated predominantly with O-linked carbohydrate. These molecules are encoded by multiple tightly linked genes located on Chr. 15 which have conserved geneomic organization. The in vivo functions of Ly-6 molecules are not known although in vitro studies suggest a role in cellular activation. This review will summarize our understanding of Ly-6 with regard to tissue expression, molecular structure, gene organization and function.
A Highly Efficient Aminohydroxylation Process (1997)

In the absence of external ligands α,β-unsaturated amides represent one of the few olefin classes which exhibit excellent rates and yields in osmium-catalyzed aminohydroxylation. The scope of the reaction was examined, and a one-pot method for the conversion of the hydroxysulfonamides 2 and 3 into the corresponding aziridines 4 developed. Ts = p-MeC6H4SO2.
Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery for Cholecystectomy (2010)

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy may be equal to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of safety and efficacy. Further randomized studies are required to investigate any significant advantages of this new and attractive technique.
Genetic and Developmental Control of Nuclear Accumulation of COP1, a Repressor of Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (1997)

Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter-COP1 fusion transgene, it was shown previously that Arabidopsis COP1 acts within the nucleus as a repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development and that high inactivation of COP1 was accompanied by a reduction of COP1 nuclear abundance (A.G. von Arnim, X.-W. Deng [1994] Cell 79: 1035-1045). Here we report that the GUS-COP1 fusion transgene can completely rescue the defect of cop1 mutations and thus is fully functional during seedling development. The kinetics of GUS-COP1 relocalization in a cop1 null mutant background during dark/light transitions imply that the regulation of the functional nuclear COP1 level plays a role in stably maintaining a committed seedling's developmental fate rather than in causing such a commitment. Analysis of GUS-COP1 cellular localization in mutant hypocotyls of all pleiotropic COP/DET/FUS loci revealed that nuclear localization of GUS-COP1 was diminished under both dark and light conditions in all mutants tested, whereas nuclear localization was not affected in the less pleiotropic cop4 mutant. Using both the brassinosteroid-deficient mutant det2 and brassinosteroid treatment of wild-type seedlings, we have demonstrated that brassinosteroid does not control the hypocotyl cell elongation through regulation nuclear localization of COP1. The growth regulator cytokinin, which also dramatically reduced hypocotyl cell elongation in the absence of light, did not prevent GUS-COP1 nuclear localization in dark-grown seedlings. Our results suggest that all of the previously characterized pleiotropic COP/DET/FUS loci are required for the proper nuclear localization of the COP1 protein in the dark, whereas the less pleiotropic COP/DET loci or plant regulators tested are likely to act either downstream of COP1 or by independent pathways.
A First Individual Solder Joint Encapsulant Adhesive (2010)

In order to meet the demand of fine pitch and 3D package, and eliminate complex underfilling process, a first solder joint encapsulant has been invented. Solder joint encapsulant adhesive is to encapsulate each individual solder joint using polymer to enhance solder joint, and leave empty space in-between solder joints to avoid thermal stress applied onto solder joints. Now two kinds of solder joint encapsulants are SMT256 and SMT266, which have been used in the customer field. Using solder joint encapsulants – SMT256 and SMT266, the pull strength of solder joint has been increased by about five times, resulting in significant increase in the reliability. In this paper more details have been investigated.
Estimation of light absorption rate in a tank type photoreactor with multiple lamps inside. (1995)

A radiation model has been developed to estimate light energy absorbed in a photoreactor with multiple lamps. In this study a diffused line source emission model is adopted and a light path length distribution is used for computing the light absorption rate. The results of computation were confirmed to be adequate by chemical actinometric experiments.The optimum lamp location in a photoreactor with n lamps in symmetry is determined to attain the maximum average light intensity. As a rule of thumb, the optimum ratio of the distance between the lamp center and the reactor center to the reactor radius is 1/3 for n = 2, 2/5 for n = 3, and 1/2 for n = 4.
Demographic, Clinical, and Treatment Parameters Influencing the Outcome of Acute Cystitis (1999)

A meta-analysis of six double-blinded clinical trials was undertaken to identify risk factors associated with bacteriologic outcome in 3,108 women with acute cystitis. Eleven antibiotic regimens were used, including ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin. Entry criteria for all studies were identical. Among 2,409 patients who were defined to be valid for efficacy analysis, pathogens included Escherichia coli (78.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.3%), Proteus mirabilis (3.7%), and "other" (9%). Causative bacteria were eradicated at the end of treatment in 93% of patients. The following parameters were associated with successful bacteriologic outcome: not using a diaphragm (P = .0041), treatment for > or = 3 days (P = .0043), pathogen not "other" (P = .0043), symptom duration of < 2 days (P = .0096), and African American race (P = .0147). K. pneumoniae (P = .0496) and "other" pathogens (P = .0018) were associated with increased probability of bacteriologic treatment failure. The presence of pyuria (> or = 10 WBCs per high-power field) did not correlate with outcome and was inversely correlated with the finding of > or = 10(5) bacterial colony-forming units per mL of urine (P < .001). This large database identifies new parameters associated with treatment outcomes of acute cystitis and calls into question current clinical trial guidelines.
Video Everywhere Through a Scalable IP-Streaming Service Framework (2006)

In this paper, we propose a scalable IP-streaming service framework providing the time-shifting and place-shifting capability to achieve the vision of video everywhere. Traditional PVR (personal video recorder) provides the time-shifting viewing experience. However, when mobile TV and PMP (portable media player) are available, the traditional PVR has to be enhanced with the extra place-shifting viewing experience. Hence, several proprietary IPTV streaming techniques such as orb or SONY location free already can deliver a video stream to various kinds of end user terminals through Internet or wireless LAN. In this paper, we propose a distributed, scalable IP-streaming service framework to enhance the current IPTV streaming techniques. Three important issues are addressed in this paper. First, we propose a suitable metadata format that is capable of being used in the service framework second, we discuss how to produce scalable IDTV (interactive digital television) contents that can adapt the display capabilities of diverse terminal devices. Third, we evaluate how to apply the MPGE-4 SVC (scalable video coding) in the service framework.
Formation of a Silicate <i>L</i> <sub>3</sub> Phase with Continuously Adjustable Pore Sizes (1997)

The lyotropic L 3 phase was used as a template to form nanoporous monolithic silicates with continuously adjustable pore sizes. The monolith was optically isotropic and transparent with a nonperiodic network. The pore size was adjusted by a change in the solvent volume fraction rather than by a change of the surfactant. Unlike other silicates, the bicontinuous pores were water-filled; removal of surfactant was not necessary to access the pores. Measured characteristic dimensions were from six to more than 35 nanometers. For a given solvent fraction, x-ray scattering indicated little variation of pore widths, in marked contrast to the polydisperse pores of aerogels.
Demonstration of a Genetic Therapeutic Index for Tumors Expressing Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> by the Kinase Inhibitor SB-590885 (2006)

Oncogenic BRAF alleles are both necessary and sufficient for cellular transformation, suggesting that chemical inhibition of the activated mutant protein kinase may reverse the tumor phenotype. Here, we report the characterization of SB-590885, a novel triarylimidazole that selectively inhibits Raf kinases with more potency towards B-Raf than c-Raf. Crystallographic analysis revealed that SB-590885 stabilizes the oncogenic B-Raf kinase domain in an active configuration, which is distinct from the previously reported mechanism of action of the multi-kinase inhibitor, BAY43-9006. Malignant cells expressing oncogenic B-Raf show selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, proliferation, transformation, and tumorigenicity when exposed to SB-590885, whereas other cancer cell lines and normal cells display variable sensitivities or resistance to similar treatment. These studies support the validation of oncogenic B-Raf as a target for cancer therapy and provide the first evidence of a correlation between the expression of oncogenic BRAF alleles and a positive response to a selective B-Raf inhibitor.
Using cultural algorithms to support re-engineering of rule-based expert systems in dynamic performance environments: a case study in fraud detection (1997)

A significant problem in the application of rule-based expert systems has arisen in the area of re-engineering such systems to support changes in initial requirements. In dynamic performance environments, the rate of change is accelerated and the re-engineering problem becomes significantly more complex. One mechanism to respond to such dynamic changes is to utilize a cultural algorithm (CA). The CA provides self-adaptive capabilities which can generate the information necessary for the expert system to respond dynamically. To illustrate the approach, a fraud detection expert system was embedded inside a CA. To represent a dynamic performance environment, four different application objectives were used. The objectives were characterizing fraudulent claims, nonfraudulent claims, false positive claims, and false negative claims. The results indicate that a culturally enabled expert system can produce the information necessary to respond to dynamic performance environments.
The Versatility of Distraction Osteogenesis in Craniofacial Surgery (2002)

Preliminary results demonstrated good-to-excellent outcome in correcting facial skeletal deformity in 80% of patients. Functional outcomes included resolution or significant improvement of upper airway obstruction in 13 of 14 patients and correction of corneal exposure for all 5 patients with preexisting exorbitism. Correction of malocclusion was less reliable. Problems related to the distraction devices, including failure of the advancement mechanism and fixation, were the most prevalent complications. Distraction osteogenesis represents an exciting new development in craniofacial surgery with several potential benefits, including less invasive surgery, the ability for earlier intervention, and the potential for correction of more severe deformities with improved posttreatment stability. The exact role of distraction osteogenesis relative to conventional techniques requires ongoing assessment.
Quantitative characterization of signal-to-noise ratios in diagnostic imaging instrumentation. (1981)

Different imaging modalities can operate on basically different object (biologic) parameters. In addition to an understanding of the intrinsic differences among modalities, it is useful to also understand how these differences translate into information on the output image. Thus, given a defined diagnostic situation, it is important to estimate the confidence (or signal-to-noise level) with which a particular abnormality is observed. For this purpose, we have extended the Rose model for characterization of signal to noise in images by taking into account the sources of degradation of contrast found in diagnostic imaging instrumentation. The model is not only useful in comparing different instruments applied to the identical physiologic state, but can also be used to compare signal to noise in images resulting from different instruments imaging the same subject under different conditions (for instance, positron and planar imaging in the head). The model can also be formulated so as to compare the signal to noise in images obtained from the same object by totally different modalities. A particularly useful feature of this model is its ability to yield an understanding of the intrinsic limitations of any one modality.
Epidemiology and Management of Infectious Complications in Contemporary Management of Chronic Leukemias (2011)

This is a review of the epidemiology and management of infectious complications of contemporary management of chronic leukemias. Patients with chronic leukemias typically are affected by nuisance infections due to the underlying hematologic condition, particularly hypogammaglobulinemia in CLL patients. With active treatment, particularly those agents that cause defects in cell-mediated immunity, the incidence of opportunistic infections increases although endogenous bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections also occur. Exogenous treatment with immunoglobulin and antimicrobial prophylaxis, particularly anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis, may be indicated in select patients. Routine vaccinations should be maintained in these patients and vaccination early in the course of treatment may result in improve protection.
Enhancement of transfection efficiency for HeLa cells via incorporating arsinine moiety into chitosan (2007)

充满精氨酸的肽由于他们的不同成为主观机制吸引了可观的注意。精氨酸和 guanidino 一半对通过房间膜的 translocate 有能力并且在膜浸透的过程起了一个关键作用，这被报导。在这个工作，精氨酸被结合到去乙酰壳多醣的脊梁形成新奇去乙酰壳多醣衍生物，精氨酸修改了去乙酰壳多醣(Arg-CS ) 。Arg-CS/DNA 建筑群根据 coacervation 过程的方法被准备。Arg-CS 和 Arg-CS/DNA 建筑群的 Thephysicochemical 性质被描绘， transfection 活动和效率由 Arg-CS/DNA 建筑群调停了被调查作为目标房间拿 HeLa 房间。Arg-CS 被 FTIR 和 ~(13 ) 描绘 C NMR。Arg-CS/DNA 聚合电解质建筑群被统帅玫瑰胶化延迟，散布的动态光(DLS ) 和原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) 调查。结果表明 Arg-CS/DNA 建筑群在 2:1 的 N/P 比率开始了到形式，并且粒子的尺寸从 100 ～ 180 nm 变化了。有原生质标志 DNA 的 Arg-CS 和他们的建筑群的 cytotoxicity 被 MTT 试金为 HeLa 房间决定，并且结果建议 Arg-CS/DNA 建筑群不比 Arg-CS 有毒。而且，独自一个的衍生物和他们显示出的建筑群显著地分别地比 PEI 和 PEI/DNA 建筑群降低毒性。作为记者基因作为目标房间并且用 pGL3 控制拿 HeLa 房间，酶表示由 Arg-CS 调停了极大地与酶表示相比被提高到大约 100 褶层在不同酸碱值媒介由去乙酰壳多醣调停了。这些结果建议 Arg-CS 作为为基因交货和 transfection 的安全、有效的向量是一个有希望的候选人。
Oxidative decarboxylation and decarbonylation of 3,3-dialkyl-2-oxo carboxylic acids and esters (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative decarboxylation and decarbonylation of 3,3-dialkyl-2-oxo carboxylic acids and estersNorman Rabjohn and R. M. SchwarzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 11, 1931–1932Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00159a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00159a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts