gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the output droop characteristics of parallel-connnected DC-DC converters (2002)

The analytical proof that output voltage droop characteristics of parallel-connected DC-DC power converters are only appropriate for very limited applications is presented. Because the converters are rarely made to be identical, near-uniform current-sharing without additional control can be achieved only when converters connected in parallel have similar characteristics of being very close to the ideal current sources. This can occur at a cost of poor voltage regulation. As an alternative, the current-sharing control technique, which requires no remote-sensing, is proposed. The technique ensures uniform or designated current distribution throughout the specified load range. A control circuit module is independently implemented without any preliminary knowledge or any circuit modification of the source converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Optical Pulse Distortion Through Clouds for Satellite to Earth Adaptive Optical Communication (1994)

Abstract Clouds, if part of an optical communication channel, cause temporal widening and attenuation of optical pulse power. Space optical communication from satellite to earth (ground or airplane) occasionally involves clouds as part of the optical channel. Here, based upon Monte Carlo simulations, mathematical models are developed for the temporal characteristics of optical pulse propagation through clouds. These include temporal impulse response, transfer function, bandwidth, received energy and bode analysis. The method presented here can be used as an inclusive framework for developing other mathematical models of other characteristics of radiation propagating through clouds, as required. Several conclusions of this work are obtained. One is that simple prediction models can be applied to adaptive methods of optical communication. Another is that using shorter wavelengths such as 0·532 μm yields least temporal widening and maximum received power, and is thus preferable for optical communication. In addition, the simulation results strongly support the use of the double gamma function model to best describe optical pulse spread through clouds. This work is the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to present a comprehensive analysis of space optical communication through clouds.
Adoptive transfer of a T<sub>h</sub>2-like cell line prolongs MHC class II antigen disparate skin allograft survival in the mouse (1994)

The MHC class II alloantigen-reactive CD4+ Th2-like cell line, HR2, was established. It was derived from the spleen cells of C57BL/6 (B6) mice immune to an MHC class II-disparate mutant mouse, B6.CH-2bm12 (bm12) which carries the I-Abm12 antigen. This cell line, HR2, secretes IL-4 and IL-10 in an antigen-specific manner, and can also proliferate in an autocrine manner through IL-4. To investigate the in vivo role of this Th2-like CD4+ T cell line in transplantation immunity, an adoptive cell transfer study using the skin allograft system was performed. Skins grafted from bm12 to B6 were rejected at 12.1 +/- 0.6 days in control B6 mice which received no treatment. Whereas skin graft survival was prolonged in B6 experimental mice which had received 2 x 10(7) HR2 cells, 75% of the grafts survived for > 40 days. Moreover, since skin grafts from fully allogeneic third party donor BALB/c mice were rejected at 12.0 +/- 0.4 days by B6 mice which had received the same number of HR2 cells, it was demonstrated that HR2 is involved in the regulation of bm12 skin graft rejection. Furthermore, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity by spleen cells from HR2 transferred B6 mice was not induced even by in vitro secondary stimulation, although CTL activity was induced well in spleen cells of control B6 mice which had rejected the graft. The underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified; however, these results demonstrate that Th2-like CD4+ T cells suppress allograft rejection.
Optical properties of planar waveguides formed by He<sup>+</sup>implantation in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (1985)

The variation in optical properties of He+ -implanted LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> waveguides has been investigated as a function of ion energy and dose for both TE and TM polarizations. Results presented indicate the importance of implant temperature in determining waveguide properties. The effect of aging on optical attenuation is also reported. Although TM (ordinary) mode behavior is determined by the refractive-index profile caused by ion damage, TE-(extraordinary) mode properties are also affected by changes in stoichiometry.
An I/Q-multiplexed and OTA-shared CMOS pipelined ADC with an A-DQS S/H front-end for two-step-channel-select low-IF receiver (2004)

A pipelined ADC architecture that exhibits both power and area efficiencies is proposed to be accountable for the major baseband functions of the recently introduced two-step-channel-select (2-SCS) low-IF receiver. Such architecture comprises: 1) a sample and hold (S/H) front-end implementing analog-double quadrature sampling (A-DQS) for IF-to-baseband downconversion and IF channel selection; and 2) one OTA-shared pipeline ADC is employed for digitalization both I and Q channels through I/Q-multiplexing. An IC prototype was designed in a 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process with 20-MS/s 8-bit resolution, which has been targeted for 2.4-GHz ISM band standards. The key simulated performances achieved 7.7-b ENOB with INL and DNL within /spl plusmn/0.5 LSB and /spl plusmn/0.34 LSB, respectively. A competitive chip area of only 1.34 mm/sup 2/ is achieved, while dissipating an average of 54.5 mW from 2.5 V.
Handling Solids of Revolution in Volume-Based Construction of Solid Models From Orthographic Views (2003)

Volume-based approaches to construct solid models from orthographic views have several advantages over the traditional bottom up approach that has been popular thus far. The main advantages are—there is a valid solid model that is consistent with the input views always available at any point in the solution and there is no need for the intermediate wireframe. The first enables user intervention in complex drawings and the second eliminates the ambiguities due to the wireframe that have to be resolved to obtain a valid solid model. A major limitation of volume-based approaches that have been proposed thus far has been the limited domain of objects that they can handle. This is because these approaches typically use either pre-defined primitives or identify only entities (loops of edges) that can be extruded. This paper aims at extending the capabilities of the volume-based construction approaches by proposing a procedure to identify entities in the views that correspond to axis-aligned volumes of revolution and using these to construct the corresponding primitive volumes. Results of implementation are presented and further work has been identified.
Tutorial introduction to the modelling and control of hybrid systems (2007)

A tutorial introduction is provided to the relatively new subject of hybrid systems. The modelling of hybrid systems is assuming ever greater importance for systems where the combination of continuous control and with logical decision making is required. This arises in some of the most critical operating regions where systems are under start-up, shutdown or are undergoing major planned changes. There is recognition that separate independent design of these functions will reduce achievable performance and cause unpredictable behaviour in some of the most safety critical areas of operation. The introduction provided is not exhaustive but it introduces some of the main concepts and motivates the use in applications of this relatively new area of control design. The theoretical results are illustrated using engineering examples.
Binding of Catechols to Mononuclear Titanium(IV) and to 1- and 5-nm TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2008)

The binding of catechol derivatives (LH 2 = catechol, 4-methyl catechol, 4-t-butyl catechol, and dopamine) to 1- and 4.7-nm TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous, pH 3.5 suspensions has been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The binding constants derived from Benesi-Hildebrand plots are (2-4) x 10(3) M(-1) for the 1-nm nanoparticles and (0.4-1) x 10(4)M(-1) for the 4.7-nm particles. Ti(IV)L3 complexes were prepared from the same catechols. The L = methyl catechol, and dopamine complexes are reported for the first time. The TiL3 reduction potentials are not very sensitive to the nature of the catechol nor evidently are the binding constants to TiO2 nanoparticles. The intense (epsilon > or = 10(3) M(-1)cm(-1)), about 400-nm, ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) absorptions of the nanoparticle complexes are compared with those of the TiL 3 complexes (epsilon approximately 10(4)M(-1) cm(-1)) which lie in the same spectral region. The nanoparticle colors are attributed (as are the colors of the Ti(IV)L3 complexes) to the tails of the about 400-nm LMCT bands.
Syntheseversuche in der Emetin‐Reihe. 6. Mitteilung. Eine weitere Totalsynthese von <i>rac</i>. Emetin (1959)

Abstract Confirming results from a recent publication by B URGSTAHLER and B ITHOS , emetine and isoemetine have been prepared from a new tricyclic intermediate.
Origin and roles of oxygen impurities in hexagonal boron nitride epilayers (2018)

Photoluminescence emission spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements have been employed to study the origin and roles of oxygen impurities in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) epilayers grown on sapphire substrates. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity revealed the presence of a previously unnoticed impurity level of about 0.6 eV in h-BN epilayers grown at high temperatures. The results suggested that in addition to the common nitrogen vacancy (VN) shallow donors in h-BN, oxygen impurities diffused from sapphire substrates during high temperature growth also act as substitutional donors (ON). The presence of ON gives rise to an additional emission peak in the photoluminescence spectrum, corresponding to a donor-acceptor pair recombination involving the ON donor and the CN (carbon occupying nitrogen site) deep level acceptor. Moreover, due to the presence of ON donors, the majority charge carrier type changed to electrons in epilayers grown at high temperatures, in contrast to typical h-BN epilayers which naturally exhibit “p-type” character. The results provided a more coherent picture for common impurities/defects in h-BN as well as a better understanding of the growth mediated impurities in h-BN epilayers, which will be helpful for finding possible ways to further improve the quality and purity of this emerging material.
Massively parallel E-beam inspection: enabling next-generation patterned defect inspection for wafer and mask manufacturing (2015)

SEMATECH aims to identify and enable disruptive technologies to meet the ever-increasing demands of semiconductor high volume manufacturing (HVM). As such, a program was initiated in 2012 focused on high-speed e-beam defect inspection as a complement, and eventual successor, to bright field optical patterned defect inspection [1]. The primary goal is to enable a new technology to overcome the key gaps that are limiting modern day inspection in the fab; primarily, throughput and sensitivity to detect ultra-small critical defects. The program specifically targets revolutionary solutions based on massively parallel e-beam technologies, as opposed to incremental improvements to existing e-beam and optical inspection platforms. Wafer inspection is the primary target, but attention is also being paid to next generation mask inspection. During the first phase of the multi-year program multiple technologies were reviewed, a down-selection was made to the top candidates, and evaluations began on proof of concept systems. A champion technology has been selected and as of late 2014 the program has begun to move into the core technology maturation phase in order to enable eventual commercialization of an HVM system. Performance data from early proof of concept systems will be shown along with roadmaps to achieving HVM performance. SEMATECH’s vision for moving from early-stage development to commercialization will be shown, including plans for development with industry leading technology providers.
A novel tetrabranched antimicrobial peptide that neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide and prevents septic shock <i>in vivo</i> (2009)

We describe the nonnatural antimicrobial peptide KKIRVRLSA (M33) and its capacity to neutralize LPS-induced cytokine release, preventing septic shock in animals infected with bacterial species of clinical interest. M33 showed strong resistance to proteolytic degradation when synthesized in tetrabranched form with 4 peptides linked by a lysine core, making it suitable for use in vivo. HPLC and mass spectrometry demonstrated its stability in serum beyond 24 h. M33 was found to be very selective for gram-negative bacteria. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.3 to 3 muM for multidrug resistant clinical isolates of several pathogenic species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. M33 neutralized LPS derived from P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, and prevented TNF-alpha release from LPS-activated macrophages, with an EC(50) of 3.8e-8 M and 2.8e-7 M, respectively, as detected by sandwich ELISA. M33 activity was also tested in sepsis animal models. It averted septic shock symptoms due to Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa in doses compatible with clinical use (5-25 mg/kg). These properties make tetrabranched M33 peptide a good candidate for the development of a new antibacterial drug.-Pini, A., Falciani, C., Mantengoli, E., Bindi, S., Brunetti, J., Iozzi, S., Rossolini, G. M., Bracci, L. A novel tetrabranched antimicrobial peptide that neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide and prevents septic shock in vivo.
Asymmetrically Arranged 8-core Fibers with Center Core Suitable for Side-view Alignment in Datacenter Networks (2020)

Eight-core multicore fiber with the center core and a cladding diameter of 125 μm is designed and fabricated. Side-view alignment with core identification is realized owing to asymmetrically core arrangement for the first time.
Architecture of a data analytics service in hybrid cloud environments (2017)

Abstract DB2 for z/OS is the backbone of many transactional systems in the world. IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) is IBM's approach to enhance DB2 for z/OS with very fast processing of OLAP and analytical SQL workload. While IDAA was originally designed as an appliance to be connected directly to System z, the trend in the IT industry is towards cloud environments. That offers a broad range of tools for analytical data processing tasks. This article presents the architecture for offering a hybrid IDAA, which continues the seamless integration with DB2 for z/OS and now also runs as a specialty engine in cloud environments. Both approaches have their merit and will remain important for customers in the next years. The specific challenges for accelerating query processing for relational data in the cloud are highlighted. Specialized hardware options are not readily available, and that has a direct impact on the system architecture, the offered functionality and its implementation.
Effects of thermal treatment on biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. The anisotropic glass temperature (1988)

Abstract Thermal properties of an anisotropic biaxially oriented Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were determined before and after further deformation of the Mylar film. Film shrinkage in different planar directions was monitored during and following initial heating. After stabilization for three days at 140°C, glass temperatures T g were determined from the decrease in length of film strips and were found to vary in the different in‐plane directions. An increase in anisotropy brought about by additional deformation in the direction of the greatest orientation enhanced the T g difference from 8 to 16°C. T g is highest in the direction of greatest orientation.
Silencing of <i>OPR3</i> in tomato reveals the role of OPDA in callose deposition during the activation of defense responses against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (2014)

Cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is likely to play signaling roles in plant defense that do not depend on its further conversion to the phytohormone jasmonic acid. To elucidate the role of OPDA in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plant defense, we have silenced the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) gene. Two independent transgenic tomato lines (SiOPR3-1 and SiOPR3-2) showed significantly reduced OPR3 expression upon infection with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, SiOPR3 plants are more susceptible to this pathogen, and this susceptibility is accompanied by a significant decrease in OPDA levels and by the production of JA-Ile being almost abolished. OPR3 silencing also leads to a major reduction in the expression of other genes of the jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and signaling pathways after infection. These results confirm that in tomato plants, as in Arabidopsis, OPR3 determines OPDA availability for JA biosynthesis. In addition, we show that an intact JA biosynthetic pathway is required for proper callose deposition, as its pathogen-induced accumulation is reduced in SiOPR3 plants. Interestingly, OPDA, but not JA, treatment restored basal resistance to B. cinerea and induced callose deposition in SiOPR3-1 and SiOPR3-2 transgenic plants. These results provide clear evidence that OPDA by itself plays a major role in the basal defense of tomato plants against this necrotrophic pathogen.
Measuring Media Use Across Platforms: Evolving Audience Information Systems (2012)

Audience measurement worldwide is responding to the need to measure media consumption across platforms. One approach being employed by the industry is “single source” audience information systems that measure usage across media and purchase behavior from the same set of respondents. This study evaluates the readiness of such systems to meet the current challenges in measuring audiences by analyzing single source systems from five diverse media markets. The analysis reveals that these systems capture dimensions of audience behavior other than exposure—an enhancement over traditional audience information systems. However, their usage in the marketplace suggests that single source data complement existing mono media systems than serve as alternate currencies.
Modélisation sinusoidale des sons polyphoniques (2004)

The aim of this thesis is to study a structured representation of polyphonic sounds. Some peaks are selected from successive short-time spectra. An algorithm called "partial tracking" links some of those peaks from frame to frame. This algorithm forms partials : quasi-sinusoidal oscillators with parameters evolving slowly and continuously with time. Several constraints of the analysis of polyphonic signals lead to a spectral representation with artefacts, i.e. some peaks may be corrupted or missing. The tracking of partials across this corrupted spectral representation requires new tracking methods that use characteristics of the sinusoidal model. The predictability of the evolutions of the parameters of the partials as well as the theoretical lack of high frequencies in these evolutions are exploited to propose new algorithms useful for our purposes. Several psychoacoustic cues may then be used to cluster partials like their common onset, their harmonic relation, and the correlated evolutions of their parameters. After this clustering process, some partials may be incomplete due to the presence of several acoustical entities in the same frequency band. These partials are then completed by a novel interpolation algorithm.
DISCO: Distance and Spectrum Correlation Optimization Alignment for Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics (2010)

A novel peak alignment algorithm using a distance and spectrum correlation optimization (DISCO) method has been developed for two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS)-based metabolomics. This algorithm uses the output of the instrument control software, ChromaTOF, as its input data. It detects and merges multiple peak entries of the same metabolite into one peak entry in each input peak list. After a z-score transformation of metabolite retention times, DISCO selects landmark peaks from all samples based on both two-dimensional retention times and mass spectrum similarity of fragment ions measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient. A local linear fitting method is employed in the original two-dimensional retention time space to correct retention time shifts. A progressive retention time map searching method is used to align metabolite peaks in all samples together based on optimization of the Euclidean distance and mass spectrum similarity. The effectiveness of the DISCO algorithm is demonstrated using data sets acquired under different experiment conditions and a spiked-in experiment.
High-performance VLSI through package-level interconnects (2003)

A packaging technique utilizing controlled-collapse chip connection to integrate two existing high-performance VLSI devices into a single pin-grid-array (PGA) package is described. The design and layout of the multilayer ceramic package, electrical and thermal performance, and future enhancements are discussed. The performance of the package is compared to that of a companion two-cavity, wire-bonded evaluation package. The potential use of the packaging technique as a substitute for wafer-level integration is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, II: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Higher Plants (1998)

Abstract In short-term -experiments [ 14 C]-labelled malonic acid, stearic acid and acetate have been incorporated into leaf fatty acids of seedlings of Cucumis sativus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays. The pattern of labelled fatty acids changed markedly by treatment with the chloroacetamide herbicides metazachlor, metolachlor or butachlor. During a 2-h incubation time, 1 μᴍ chloroacetamide specifically inhibited up to 100% the formation of the saturated very long chain fatty acids (V LCFAs) with a carbon number of 20, 22 and 24. In cucumber and barley a 50% inhibition of VLCFA formation is achieved with 10 to 100 nM metazachlor representing the most sensitive effect of inhibitors on fatty acid elongation reported as yet. Sensitivity of fatty acid elongation depends on the amide structure present in the com pound and on its stereochemistry. Inhibition of oleic acid incorporation correlates with growth inhibition by chloroacetam ides of the intact cell (comp. Pestic. Sei. 52, 381-387, 1998). The present study extends this correlation to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis in higher plants. Obviously the primary mode of action of chloroacetam ides and related herbicidal substances is involved in the enzymic four-step fatty acid elongation system.