gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Bionic Superhydrophobic Coating Surface Fabricated by a Conventional Curing Process (2008)

A bionic superhydrophobic surface with both micrometer and nanometer structure roughness is achieved by a simple and conventional coating–curing process on engineering materials such as stainless steel. The superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle of about 165°, see figure) possess very good cohesional strength and high- and low-temperature resistance, which is very important for practical industrial applications of these coatings. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/c1229_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simulation and Measurement of Residual Stresses in a Stress Lattice (2007)

In this thesis structural optimization of castings and thermomechanical analysis of castings are studied.In paper I an optimization algorithm is created by using Matlab. The algorithm is linked to the commercial FE solver Abaqus by using Python script. The optimization algorithm uses the successive response surfaces methodology (SRSM) to create global response surfaces. It is shown that including residual stresses in structural optimization of castings yields an optimal shape that differs significantly from the one obtained when residual stresses are excluded.In paper II the optimization algorithm is expanded to using neural networks. It is tested on some typical bench mark problems and shows very promising results. Combining paper I and II the response surfaces can be either analytical functions, both linear and non-linear, or neural networks. The optimization is then performed by using sequential linear programming or by using a zero-order method called Complex. This is all gathered in a package called StuG-OPT.In paper III and IV focus is on the thermomechanical problem when residual stresses are calculated. In paper III a literature review is performed and some numerical simulations are performed to see where numerical simulations can be used in the industry today. In paper IV simulations are compared to real tests. Several stress lattices are casted and the residual stresses are measured. Simulations are performed by using Magmasoft and Abaqus. In Magmasoft a J2-plasticity model is used and in Abaqus two simulations are performed using either J2-plasticity or the ”Cast Iron Plasticity” available in Abaqus that takes into account the different behavior in tension and compression for grey cast iron.
MED14 and MED1 Differentially Regulate Target-Specific Gene Activation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor (2005)

The Mediator subunits MED14 and MED1 have been implicated in transcriptional regulation by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by acting through its activation functions 1 and 2. To understand the contribution of these Mediator subunits to GR gene-specific regulation, we reduced the levels of MED14 and MED1 using small interfering RNAs in U2OS-hGR osteosarcoma cells and examined the mRNA induction by dexamethasone of four primary GR target genes, interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), ladinin 1, IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), and glucocorticoid-inducible leucine zipper (GILZ). We found that the GR target genes differed in their requirements for MED1 and MED14. GR-dependent mRNA expression of ladinin 1 and IRF8 required both MED1 and MED14, whereas induction of IGFBP1 mRNA by the receptor was dependent upon MED14, but not MED1. In contrast, GILZ induction by GR was largely independent of MED1 and MED14, but required the p160 cofactor transcriptional intermediary factor 2. Interestingly, we observed higher GR occupancy at GILZ than at the IGFBP1 or IRF8 glucocorticoid response element (GREs). In contrast, recruitment of MED14 compared with GR at IGFBP1 and IRF8 was higher than that observed at GILZ. At GILZ, GR and RNA polymerase II were recruited to both the GRE and the promoter, whereas at IGFBP1, RNA polymerase II occupied the promoter, but not the GRE. Thus, MED14 and MED1 are used by GR in a gene-specific manner, and the requirement for the Mediator at GILZ may be bypassed by increased GR and RNA polymerase II occupancy at the GREs. Our findings suggest that modulation of the Mediator subunit activities would provide a mechanism for promoter selectivity by GR.
The targeting of Lamp1 to lysosomes is dependent on the spacing of its cytoplasmic tail tyrosine sorting motif relative to the membrane. (1996)

Lamp1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized primarily in lysosomes and late endosomes. Newly synthesized molecules are mostly transported from the trans-Golgi network directly to endosomes and then to lysosomes. A minor pathway involves transport via the plasma membrane. The 11-amino acid cytoplasmic tail of lamp1 contains a tyrosine-based motif that has been previously shown to mediate sorting in the trans-Golgi network and rapid internalization at the plasma membrane. We studied whether this motif also mediates sorting in endosomes. We found that mutant forms of lamp1 in which all the amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail were modified except for the RKR membrane anchor and the YXXI sorting motif still localized to dense lysosomes, indicating that the YXXI motif is sufficient to confer proper intracellular targeting. However, when the spacing of the YXXI motif relative to the membrane was changed by deleting one amino acid or adding five amino acids, lysosomal targeting was almost completely abolished. Kinetic studies showed that these mutants were trapped in a recycling pathway, involving trafficking between the plasma membrane and early endocytic compartments. These findings indicate that the YXXI signal of lamp1 is recognized at several sorting sites, including the trans-Golgi network, the plasma membrane, and the early/sorting endosomes. Small changes in the spacing of this motif relative to the membrane dramatically impair sorting in the early/sorting endosomes but have only a modest effect on internalization at the plasma membrane. The spacing of sorting signals relative to the membrane may prove to be an important determinant in the functioning of these signals.
Integrated communications and navigation module (2012)

An iridium communications and navigation module (ICNM) has been developed for movement tracking applications. External interfaces to the ICNM include Ethernet, RS-232, and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus. The module is powered by Power over Ethernet (PoE) or a +24VDC connection. The ICNM fits within the standard PC104 form factor, but utilizes a Modular Component and Sensor Bus (MCSB) interface specification for the high density connector. The ICNM includes a GPS receiver and accelerators for satellite and inertial tracking. The module manages all of the satellite communication control, encryption, and navigation functions that enable its rapid integration as a component into larger systems.
Overall Systems Analysis of the Carotid Sinus Baroreceptor Reflex Control of the Circulation (1993)

Received from the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Accepted for publication July 13, 1993. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R37-HL19039 and R01-HL14529.
“Do-it-yourself in vitro vasculature that recapitulates in vivo geometries for investigating endothelial-blood cell interactions” (2015)

Investigating biophysical cellular interactions in the circulation currently requires choosing between in vivo models, which are difficult to interpret due in part to the hemodynamic and geometric complexities of the vasculature; or in vitro systems, which suffer from non-physiologic assumptions and/or require specialized microfabrication facilities and expertise. To bridge that gap, we developed an in vitro "do-it-yourself" perfusable vasculature model that recapitulates in vivo geometries, such as aneurysms, stenoses, and bifurcations, and supports endothelial cell culture. These inexpensive, disposable devices can be created rapidly (<2 hours) with high precision and repeatability, using standard off-the-shelf laboratory supplies. Using these "endothelialized" systems, we demonstrate that spatial variation in vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) expression correlates with the wall shear stress patterns of vascular geometries. We further observe that the presence of endothelial cells in stenoses reduces platelet adhesion but increases sickle cell disease (SCD) red blood cell (RBC) adhesion in bifurcations. Overall, our method enables researchers from all disciplines to study cellular interactions in physiologically relevant, yet simple-to-make, in vitro vasculature models.
Detonation in an aluminum-Teflon mixture (2005)

Detonation in an aluminum-fluoroplastic-4 (Teflon) mixture is studied experimentally. To increase reactivity, the initial mixture is pretreated in a mechanochemical activator. As a result, a mechanically activated composite is obtained in the form of thin aluminum layers in a Teflon matrix. The action of a shock wave on a composite sample initiates the steady detonation regime, in which the initial and final substances are in the condensed state. Depending on the percentage composition and density of the mixture, the detonation velocity varies from 700 to 1300 m/s for the speed of sound below 100 m/s in the initial composition. The steady detonation velocity changes insignificantly when sample pores are filled with helium instead of air. The results prove that it is possible in principle to reach the steady detonation regime in reactive condensed mixtures forming final reaction products in the solid state.
Damage control at the SnO/sub 2//Si interface in optoelectronic amorphous silicon devices: an Auger and electrical study (1989)

The interface between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) SnO/sub 2/ and the first amorphous-silicon layer in optoelectronic devices (e.g. solar cells) can be damaged as a result of the interaction between the TCO and the plasma used for the glow-discharge deposition of the a-Si:H layers. Electrical barriers at the nominally ohmic contact and diffusion of tin into the active layers may result from chemical reduction of SnO/sub 2/ and oxidation of Si. Auger depth-profiling techniques are used to measure the TCO damage directly on the devices. A method for quantifying the total amount of reduced tin from the profile data is developed. The extent of the TCO reduction is correlated with the preparation procedures and with the photovoltaic performance of the cells. In particular, the beneficial role of thin protecting metal layers on TCO is investigated by both Auger and electrical measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vapor-Phase Dehydration of Dodecanol over Alumina (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-Phase Dehydration of Dodecanol over AluminaCharles A. WalkerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 11, 2640–2644Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50479a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50479a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Analysis of the Distribution of the Major Soybean Seed Allergens in a Core Collection of <i>Glycine max</i> Accessions (1999)

P34 is an outlying member of the papain‐superfamily of cysteine proteases that is expressed in developing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds and may be involved in the defense against Pseudomonas infection. P34 is the major human allergen of soybean seeds and is present in processed food products that contain soybean protein. We have surveyed a core collection of soybean accessions using a monoclonal antibody against P34 and with human sera from soybean‐sensitive individuals. We found that the accessions of soybean surveyed contain similar levels of P34 and that P34 is the major allergenic protein. We have also surveyed wild relatives of soybean and found that P34 was present in the examples assayed. These results indicate that it may not be possible to eliminate P34 from the food supply by breeding with an improved germplasm base.
The use of the Levenberg–Marquardt curve-fitting algorithm in pharmacokinetic modelling of DCE-MRI data (2005)

The use of curve-fitting and compartmental modelling for calculating physiological parameters from measured data has increased in popularity in recent years. Finding the 'best fit' of a model to data involves the minimization of a merit function. An example of a merit function is the sum of the squares of the differences between the data points and the model estimated points. This is facilitated by curve-fitting algorithms. Two curve-fitting methods, Levenberg-Marquardt and MINPACK-1, are investigated with respect to the search start points that they require and the accuracy of the returned fits. We have simulated one million dynamic contrast enhanced MRI curves using a range of parameters and investigated the use of single and multiple search starting points. We found that both algorithms, when used with a single starting point, return unreliable fits. When multiple start points are used, we found that both algorithms returned reliable parameters. However the MINPACK-1 method generally outperformed the Levenberg-Marquardt method. We conclude that the use of a single starting point when fitting compartmental modelling data such as this produces unsafe results and we recommend the use of multiple start points in order to find the global minima.
A Continuing Medical Education Campaign to Improve Use of Antibiotics in Primary Care (2014)

Because inappropriate use of antibiotics is common, it is an important area for continuing medical education. At an annual review, we conducted a two-year campaign to achieve appropriate use. Our methods included two surveys, directed course content, programmatic evaluation, and a sample practice audit. Ninety percent of learners perceived inappropriate antibiotic use as a “very big” or “big” problem in the United States, but only 44% perceived this about their practice (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>). Top perceived barriers to appropriate antibiotic use were patient expectations, breaking old habits, and fear that patients would go elsewhere. Top strategies to overcome these barriers were patient educational materials, having guidelines accessible, and developing practice policies. In a hypothetical patient with acute bronchitis, 98% would likely prescribe an antibiotic in certain clinical scenarios even though The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend empiric antibiotic treatment. The most common scenarios leading to likely antibiotic prescription were symptoms over 15 days (84%), age over 80 years (70%), and fever (48%). Practitioners are under multiple pressures to prescribe antibiotics even in situations where antibiotics are not recommended (such as acute bronchitis). To achieve complex practice changes such as avoiding inappropriate antibiotic use, no one strategy predominated.
Glioblastoma stem cells produce vascular endothelial growth factor by activation of a G‐protein coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR (2008)

Glioma stem cells (GSCs), or stem cell-like glioma cells, isolated from malignant glioma cell lines, were capable of producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the exact role of such tumour cells in angiogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we isolated a small proportion of CD133+ GSCs from the human glioblastoma cell line U87 and found that these GSCs possessed multipotent differentiation potential and released high levels of VEGF as compared with CD133(-) tumour cells. The CD133+ GSCs also formed larger xenograft tumours that contained higher VEGF immunoreactivity and denser microvessels. Moreover, GSCs expressed a functional G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR, which was activated by a chemotactic peptide ligand, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), to mediate calcium flux and the production of VEGF by GSCs. Our results indicate that FPR expressed by human GSCs may play an important role in glioma angiogenesis.
Protection by WR-151327 against Late-Effect Damage from Fission-Spectrum Neutrons (1991)

The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of fission-spectrum neutrons (KERMA-weighted mean energy of 0.85 MeV) from Argonne National Laboratory's JANUS reactor are substantially greater than those of low-LET radiation sources such as X-ray and 60Co photons. However, in contrast to the vast amount of work focused on chemical protection against damage induced by low-LET radiation, studies on the prevention of carcinogenic damage induced by fission neutrons have been limited. We have investigated the protective properties of the thiophosphorate compound S-3-(3-methylaminopropylamino)propylphosphorothioic acid (WR-151327) against carcinogenesis and life shortening in the B6CF1 hybrid mouse strain. Male and female mice, 200 of each sex per experimental group, were irradiated individually at 110 days of age. WR-151327 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 580 mg/kg 30 min prior to irradiation with a dose of 10 cGy. Animals were housed five to a cage; cage locations in holding rooms were controlled by computer and randomized. Mice were checked daily and all deceased animals were necropsied. A neutron dose of 10 cGy significantly altered the patterns of death of male and female animals compared to corresponding unirradiated control groups (logrank P values of 0.01 and 0.07, respectively). This was evidenced by a shortening of the life span due to tumor induction in the irradiated groups. WR-151327, when administered 30 min prior to irradiation, effectively protected both male and female animals from these effects. The life curves of irradiated male and female animals and those of corresponding unirradiated control groups were not significantly different (logrank P values of 0.63 and 0.25, respectively).
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT CONTENTS AND ENTROPIES OF SESQUIOXIDES OF LUTETIUM, DYSPROSIUM, AND CERIUM (1963)

High-temperature heat-content vaiues of pure Lu sesquioxide and Dy-sesquioxide were measured over the temperature range from 298 to 1800 deg K. Similar data for Ce sesquioxide were calculated from measurements of a mixture of Ce sesquioxide and dioxide and known values for Ce dioxide. The results for Lu sesquioxide are regular. Dysprosium sesquioxide has a minor thermal anomaly near 1590 deg K, the extra heat absorption being 220 cal/mole. Hexagonal Ce sesquioxide undergoes a transformation around 1050 deg K, which is only slowly reversible; consequently results were obtained for both the low- and high-temperature varieties. The original heat-content data are reported, and smooth values of heat content and the corresponding entropy increments are tabulated. Equations were derived to represent the heat-content values. (auth)
An Integrated Analytic Tool and Knowledge-Based System Approach to Aerospace Electric Power System Control (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Future aerospace electric power systems require new control methods because of increasing power system complexity, demands for power system management, greater system size and heightened reliability requirements. To meet these requirements, a combination of electric power system analytic tools and knowledge-based systems is proposed. The continual improvement in microelectronic performance has made it possible to envision the application of sophisticated electric power system analysis tools to aerospace vehicles. These tools have been successfully used in the measurement and control of large terrestrial electric power systems. Among these tools is state estimation which has three main benefits. The estimator builds a reliable database for the system structure and states. Security assessment and contingency evaluation also require a state estimator. Finally, the estimator will, combined with modern control theory, improve power system control and stability Bad data detection as an adjunct to state estimation identifies defective sensors and communications channels. Validated data from the analytic tools is supplied to a number of knowledge-based systems. These systems will be responsible for the control, protection, and optimization of the electric power system.</div>
The writing on the wall (1997)

The Commons health committee’s criticism of mental health provision for children shows the need for investment in the service now, says Daniel Allen
The H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3 contributes to the activation of the<i>INK4A–ARF</i>locus in response to oncogene- and stress-induced senescence (2009)

The tumor suppressor proteins p16INK4A and p14ARF, encoded by the INK4A-ARF locus, are key regulators of cellular senescence. The locus is epigenetically silenced by the repressive H3K27me3 mark in normally growing cells, but becomes activated in response to oncogenic stress. Here, we show that expression of the histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27) demethylase JMJD3 is induced upon activation of the RAS-RAF signaling pathway. JMJD3 is recruited to the INK4A-ARF locus and contributes to the transcriptional activation of p16INK4A in human diploid fibroblasts. Additionally, inhibition of Jmjd3 expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in suppression of p16Ink4a and p19Arf expression and in their immortalization.
Arsenic out-diffusion during TiSi2 formation (1984)

The behavior of implanted As atoms during high-temperature (800–900 °C) TiSi2 formation was investigated by helium backscattering. A significant As loss was observed during TiSi2 formation by vacuum furnace annealing. The main factors influencing the As loss were the initial As profiles and Ti film thickness. Most of the As loss was caused by rapid As out-diffusion through the TiSi2 layer; the remaining As atoms were only observed in the Si substrate after TiSi2 formation. As long as the As distribution was deeper than the TiSi2 layer, the loss of As atoms was kept to a minimum. Careful selection of the As implantation energy and the Ti film thickness can achieve high As concentration at the TiSi2/Si interface.