gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive characterization of NLP techniques for identifying equivalent requirements (2010)

Though very important in software engineering, linking artifacts of the same type (clone detection) or of different types (traceability recovery) is extremely tedious, error-prone and requires significant effort. Past research focused on supporting analysts with mechanisms based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) to identify candidate links. Because a plethora of NLP techniques exists, and their performances vary among contexts, it is important to characterize them according to the provided level of support. The aim of this paper is to characterize a comprehensive set of NLP techniques according to the provided level of support to human analysts in detecting equivalent requirements. The characterization consists on a case study, featuring real requirements, in the context of an Italian company in the defense and aerospace domain. The major result from the case study is that simple NLP are more precise than complex ones.
Small- and Large-Signal Performance Up To 175 °C of Low-Cost Porous Silicon Substrate for RF Applications (2018)

This paper focuses on the comparison of the RF performances of various advanced trap-rich (TR) siliconon-insulator (SOI) and porous silicon (PSi) substrates. The PSi substrates are produced by electroporisification starting either from cheap standard resistivity (10 Q·cm) silicon (PSi-S) or from the most widespread highly doped milliohm-centimeter Si wafers (PSi-M). Through small-signal RF measurements, it is shown that TR-enhanced high-resistivity silicon and both types of PSi are acceptable for RF applications, showing high effective resistivities and low RF substrate losses. What is more the substrate effective permittivity is decreased in the PSi substrates providing higher coupling isolation at high frequencies. Furthermore, large-signal harmonic distortion measurements reveal very strong linearity for both PSi substrates, with PSi-S achieving 50-dB improvement over the already highly linear TR substrate. Finally, RF characterization was carried out over temperature from 25 °C to 175 °C. While the performances of TR and PSi-M substrate rapidly deteriorate above 120 °C, the cost-effective PSi-S substrate maintains high performance all the way up to 175 °C, allowing it a wider range of potential applications.
A new scheme for building good self-dual block codes (2002)

We present a very simple multi-stage encoding scheme of self-dual codes using a [8,4,4] extended Hamming code as short base code and bit permutations (or interleavers as in turbo-codes) between stages. We describe several examples of interleavers in order to build some extremal codes, with a minimum number of stages, such as the [24,12,8] Golay code, [32,16,8], [64,32,12], and [88,44,16] codes. For length 32, we show how to build the 5 non-equivalent extremal QR, RM, F, G, U [32,16,8] self-dual codes. We conjecture that this encoding scheme may find good rate-1/2 long block codes.
Defaming Botnet Toolkits: A Bottom-Up Approach to Mitigating the Threat (2010)

Botnets have become one of the most prevailing threats to today's Internet partly due to the underlying economic incentives of operating one. Botnet toolkits sold by their authors allow any layman to generate his/her own customized botnet and become a botmaster; botnet services sold by botmasters allow any criminal to steal identities and credit card information; finally, such stolen credentials are sold to end-users to make unauthorized transactions. Many existing botnet countermeasures meet inherent difficulties when they choose to target the botmasters or authors of toolkits, because those at the highest levels of this food chain are also the most technology-savvy and elusive. In this paper, we propose a different, bottom-up approach. That is, we defame botnet toolkits through discouraging or prosecuting the end-users of the stolen credentials. To make the concept concrete, we present a case study of applying the approach to a popular botnet toolkit, Zeus, with two methodologies, namely, reverse engineering and behavioural analysis.
TRENDY: An Adaptive and Context-Aware Service Discovery Protocol for 6LoWPANs (2012)

We propose, TRENDY, a new registry-based Service Discovery protocol with context awareness. It uses CoAP-based RESTful web services to provide a standard interoperable interface which can be easily translated from HTTP. In addition, TRENDY introduces an adaptive timer and grouping mechanism to minimise control overhead and energy consumption. TRENDY's grouping is based on location tags to localise status maintenance traffic and to compose and offer new group based services. Our simulation results show that TRENDY techniques reduce the control traffic considerably and also reduce the energy consumption, while offering the optimal service selection.
High resolution visualization of acoustic wave fields within surface acoustic wave devices (1997)

We present the submicron visualization of surface acoustic wave (SAW) fields within interdigital transducers (IDTs) obtained by a scanning acoustic force microscope. Utilizing the nonlinear force curve of the tip-to-surface interaction, a periodic deflection of the cantilever appears when the SAWs are excited intermittently. This deflection depends on the amplitude of the surface oscillation and was measured by lock-in technique. SAWs with operating frequencies above 600 MHz were detected. The influence of the mass loading on the local oscillation amplitude was studied for various layer thicknesses of the IDT electrodes.
Glioblastoma Multiforme with a Peculiar Chromosomal Aberration—Double Minute Chromosomes (1987)

The chromosomal aberration of double minute chromosomes (DMS) is a peculiar structural anomaly characterized by the occurrence of strongly varying numbers of often very small, paired chromatin bodies, in addition to the ordinary chromosomes. A glioblastoma multiforme with DMS was found in a 73-year-old female patient, who had received neither radiation nor chemotherapy before the tissue was explanted. She received computerized tomography of the brain because of severe headache, and a brain tumor was found in the right parieto-occipital lobe. The brain tumor was extirpated subtotally and the operative specimen indicated glioblastoma multiforme. In the cytogenetic study, nine cells containing DMS in this tumor tissue showed the hyperdiploid picture, with the total number of chromosomes varying from 50 to 57. Monosomy was found on chromosomes #10, 12, D group, #17, F group, and #21, trisomy on chromosomes A group, #6, 7, 8, 9, 16, and X, nullisomy on chromosome #22, in the karyotype analysis. All of the nine cells containing DMS showed karyotypic abnormalities, while DMS were not seen in the cells with normal karyotypes. Marker chromosomes ranging from 12 to 16, other than DMS, were seen in all of the nine cells. The number of DMS varied considerably among the cells, ranging from 17 to 133. The number of DMS correlated neither with the total number of the chromosomes nor with the number of marker chromosomes. There was no chromosomal abnormality indicating homogeneously staining regions in all of the cells observed in this tumor tissue. In the course of in vitro culture, both the cells with DMS and DMS within the cells gradually diminished in number.
Uncertainty, intelligence, and interaction (2002)

Uncertainty about a user's knowledge, intentions, and attention is inescapable in human-computer interaction. I will survey challenges and opportunities of harnessing explicit representations of uncertainty and preferences in intelligent user interfaces. After reviewing representative projects at Microsoft, I will describe longer-term research directions aimed at embedding representation, inference, and learning under uncertainty more deeply into the fabric of computer systems and interfaces.
Molecular analysis of the p53 alleles in primary hepatocellular carcinomas and cell lines. (1991)

We have examined p53 oncogene/anti-oncogene alleles in 10 different human hepatoma cell lines and 18 primary hepatocellular carcinomas. The p53 allele in these hepatoma cell lines appears to be a frequent target of mutation as demonstrated by Southern and Northern blotting, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. In general, the steady state level of p53 specific RNA or protein in these hepatoma cell lines is higher than in normal liver. However, in three out of ten cell lines, normal-sized p53 mRNA cannot be detected. In contrast, the involvement of the p53 allele in primary hepatocellular carcinoma appears to be an exceedingly rare event. Steady state levels of p53 specific RNA in primary hepatomas are practically indistinguishable from those in normal adult liver. Using the polymerase chain reaction technique, we have amplified and subcloned exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 of p53 from 10 different hepatoma samples. DNA sequence analysis of these exon subclones reveals no apparent structural alterations. Finally, synthesis of p53 specific mRNA or protein in a HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line does not appear to be affected by gene expression and replication of human hepatitus B virus. Surprisingly, unlike many other kinds of human solid tumors, point mutations in p53 do not appear to be important in primary tumors of hepatocellular carcinomas.
Oxytrex<sup>®</sup>: an oxycodone and ultra-low-dose naltrexone formulation (2007)

Oxytrex (Pain Therapeutics, Inc.) is an oral opioid that combines a therapeutic amount of oxycodone with an ultra-low dose of the antagonist naltrexone. Animal data indicate that this combination minimizes the development of physical dependence and analgesic tolerance while prolonging analgesia. Oxytrex is in late-stage clinical development by Pain Therapeutics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic pain. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the oxycodone/naltrexone combination, three clinical studies have been conducted, one in healthy volunteers and the other two in patients with chronic pain. The putative mechanism of ultra-low-dose naltrexone is to prevent an alteration in G-protein coupling by opioid receptors that is associated with opioid tolerance and dependence. Opioid agonists are initially inhibitory but become excitatory through constant opioid receptor activity. The agonist/antagonist combination of Oxytrex may reduce the conversion from an inhibitory to an excitatory receptor, thereby decreasing the development of tolerance and physical dependence.
Extension of the multi-channel Wiener filter with ITD cues for noise reduction in binaural hearing aids (2006)

This paper presents a novel extension of the multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF) for noise reduction in binaural hearing aids, taking into account binaural localisation cues. By adding a term related to the interaural time difference (ITD) cue of the noise component to the cost function of the MWF, both the ITD cues of the speech and the noise component can be preserved, in addition to significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the microphone signals.
Sand for Bedding Dairy Cow Stalls (2002)

Are you a producer who would like to bed your cows with sand but have heard horror stories regarding handling of sand-laden dairy manure (SLDM)? Or are you currently bedding with sand but looking for ways to improve you manure system? Would you like to separate bedding sand from manure? If so, then read on to get the real scoop on dealing with SLDM efficiently and reliably.
HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C Dysregulation (1999)

HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C are members of a distinct family of "high mobility group" (HMG) proteins that are nonhistone chromatin-associated proteins initially characterized by high electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels (hence the acronym HMG). Recent studies have shown that HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C are important elements with a role in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. Like other HMG proteins they are responsible for the correct three-dimensional configuration of protein-DNA complexes and therefore play a key role in important cellular processes such as DNA transcription. Aberrant HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C expression generally correlates with a malignant tumor phenotype. However, HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C dysregulation, as a result of specific chromosomal rearrangements, is also being identified in a variety of common benign mesenchymal tumors such as lipomas and uterine leiomyomas making HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C genes probably the most commonly rearranged genes in human neoplasms. While a precise definition of the HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C role in tumor initiation and progression is still missing, it is likely that future investigations will contribute valuable insights to the understanding of human neoplasia.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Erythrose Reductase from <i>Candida magnoliae</i> (2003)

Erythritol biosynthesis is catalyzed by erythrose reductase, which converts erythrose to erythritol. Erythrose reductase, however, has never been characterized in terms of amino acid sequence and kinetics. In this study, NAD(P)H-dependent erythrose reductase was purified to homogeneity from Candida magnoliae KFCC 11023 by ion exchange, gel filtration, affinity chromatography, and preparative electrophoresis. The molecular weights of erythrose reductase determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography were 38,800 and 79,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is homodimeric. Partial amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the enzyme is closely related to other yeast aldose reductases. C. magnoliae erythrose reductase catalyzes the reduction of various aldehydes. Among aldoses, erythrose was the preferred substrate (K(m) = 7.9 mM; k(cat)/K(m) = 0.73 mM(-1) s(-1)). This enzyme had a dual coenzyme specificity with greater catalytic efficiency with NADH (k(cat)/K(m) = 450 mM(-1) s(-1)) than with NADPH (k(cat)/K(m) = 5.5 mM(-1) s(-1)), unlike previously characterized aldose reductases, and is specific for transferring the 4-pro-R hydrogen of NADH, which is typical of members of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduction proceeds via a sequential ordered mechanism. The enzyme required sulfhydryl compounds for optimal activity and was strongly inhibited by Cu(2+) and quercetin, a strong aldose reductase inhibitor, but was not inhibited by aldehyde reductase inhibitors and did not catalyze the reduction of the substrates for carbonyl reductase. These data indicate that the C. magnoliae erythrose reductase is an NAD(P)H-dependent homodimeric aldose reductase with an unusual dual coenzyme specificity.
Image registration and mosaicing for dynamic In vivo fibered confocal microscopy (2008)

Classical confocal microscopy can be used to obtain high-resolution images of cells in tissue samples or cell cultures. Translation of this technology for in vivo applications can be achieved by using optical fibers and miniature optics. Ultimately, fibered confocal microscopy should enable clinicians and biologists to perform what can be referred to as an optical biopsy: a real-time histological examination of biological tissues in the living organism directly onto the region of interest.<br /><br />The main goal of this thesis is to move beyond current hardware limitations of these imaging devices by developing specific innovative image registration schemes. In particular, this manuscript is framed by the goal of providing, through video sequence mosaicing tools, wide field-of-view optical biopsies to the clinicians. This targeted application is seen as a pipeline that takes raw data as input and provides wide field-of-view image mosaics as output. We detail the critical building blocks of this pipeline, namely real-time image reconstruction, linear image registration and non-rigid registration, before presenting our mosaicing framework.<br /><br />The raw data that fibered confocal microscopy produces is difficult to use as it is modulated by a fiber optics bundle pattern and distorted by geometric artifacts. In this context, we show that real-time image reconstruction can be used as a preprocessing step to get readily interpretable video sequences. Since fibered confocal microscopy is a contact imaging modality, the combined movement of the imaged tissues and the flexible optical microprobe makes it sometimes difficult to get robust and accurate measurements of parameters of interest. To address this problem, we investigated efficient and robust registration of pairs of images. We show that registration tools recently developed in the field of vision-based robot control can outperform classical image registration solutions used in biomedical image analysis. The adequacy of these tools for linear image registration led us to revisit non-rigid registration. By casting the non-rigid registration problem as an optimization problem on a Lie group, we develop a fast non-parametric diffeomorphic image registration scheme. In addition to being diffeomorphic, our algorithm provides results that are similar to the ones from Thirion's demons algorithm but with transformations that are smoother and closer to the true ones.<br /><br />Finally, we use these image reconstruction and registration building blocks to propose a robust mosaicing algorithm that is able to recover a globally consistent alignment of the input frames, to compensate for the motion distortions and to capture the non-rigid deformations. Moreover, our mosaicing algorithm has recently been incorporated within a multicenter clinical trial. This trial illustrates the clinical value of our tools in the particular application of Barrett's esophagus surveillance.
A large-scale AWG-based single-hop WDM network using couplers with collision avoidance (2005)

Single-hop wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks based on a central arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) have attracted a great deal of attention as a solution for metropolitan area network applications because they can achieve high throughput with reduced cost due to the periodic wavelength-routing property of the AWG. Unfortunately, scalability is a significant problem in an AWG-based single-hop WDM network because the number of transceivers required at each node is equal to the total number of nodes. This problem can be solved by providing optical couplers between the AWG and the nodes and by aggregating multiple nodes before connecting to the AWG. In this case, however, packet collisions at the couplers will seriously increase the packet network delay. Therefore, we propose a novel AWG-based single-hop WDM network in which an autonomic collision avoidance mechanism is introduced in the couplers. We derive the optimum number of couplers for this architecture. Through numerical study, we clarify that the proposed network architecture can reduce the total network cost dramatically.
SEAM Update (2015)

In February 2015, the Arid Model became the second digital earth model to enter production simulations under direction of the SEAM Phase II consortium on land seismic challenges. Numerical “shooting” on the first Phase II model, the Barrett Unconventional Model (see the April 2014 issue of TLE), was completed in June 2014, and classic data sets comprising nearly 40 terabytes (TB) of compressed data from nearly 45,000 simulated shots, with three-component recordings made in a variety of surface and borehole arrays, were distributed to members in the fall.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON STRUVITE CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS (2006)

ABSTRACT Experimental data concerning the kinetics of mass crystallization of struvite during the process of magnesium ion removal from water with the use of ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, NH4H2PO4, addition under alkaline conditions are presented. The tests were carried out in a continuous laboratory DTM MSMPR crystallizer with internal circulation of suspension (T = 298 K). The influence of concentration of Mg2 + ions in the raw material, pH of the process environment, and residence time of suspension on the nucleation and growth rates of struvite crystals was established. Kinetic parameters were evaluated from the crystal size distributions using selected size-dependent growth (SDG) models.
Binding of model soluble immune complexes to modified C-reactive protein (1996)

We have identified a binding interaction between a modified form of C-reactive protein (mCRP) and model immune complexes. We have characterized these interactions in terms of their relative affinity, specificity, pH dependence, and recognition site on mCRP. First, binding isotherms were generated for the reaction of immobilized mCRP with heat-aggregated IgG (HAG) which gave an estimate for the value of the dissociation constant, Kd, of 1.6 nM. Second, competitive binding assays were performed using immobilized HAG to determine the relative affinity (IC50) for the interaction between HAG or monomeric IgG and mCRP in the fluid phase. While the binding of HAG to mCRP occurred with high affinity (IC50=0.72 nM), the binding of monomeric IgG to mCRP occurred with >2000-fold lower affinity (IC50>1.66 muM). Third, immune complex binding to immobilized mCRP was studied using defined ratios of horseradish peroxidase and rabbit anti-peroxidase Ab. The binding of these complexes to mCRP was strongly pH dependent, with a maximum at pH 5.5. At this optimal pH, preformed peroxidase-antiperoxidase immune complexes (approximately 2:3 Ab:Ag molar ratio) were shown to bind immobilized mCRP with a Kd of 111 nM. Fourth, using mCRP-specific mAbs, HAG and peroxidase- antiperoxidase binding sites were localized to CRP sequences to 130 to 138 and 200 to 206. Since inflammatory processes often cause microenvironments to become acidic, and since mCRP selectively binds immune complexes at acidic pH, we propose that mCRP mediates the specific binding of immune complexes in vivo and potentiates effector reactions for immune complex removal.
Electronic transport properties of metallic multi-layer films (1985)

General expressions for the electrical resistivity and the temperature coefficient of resistivity of metallic multi-layer films are derived. It is assumed that the films consist of thin alternating layers of two different metals. The calculations are made within the framework of the Boltzmann kinetic theory. The background mechanisms of scattering of conduction electrons in the layers are described by two different relaxation times. The scattering at the interfaces between the layers is taken into consideration using boundary conditions. The modifications of bulk relaxation times evoked by the presence of the grain boundaries are obtained by means of the Mayadas-Shatzkes method. The analysis shows that the geometrical size effect can be expected when thicknesses of the particular layers become of the same order of magnitude as the mean free paths of conduction electrons in the bulk metals.