gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phages of Dairy Bacteria (2001)

Bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria are a threat to industrial milk fermentation. Owing to their economical importance, dairy phages became the most thoroughly sequenced phage group in the database. Comparative genomics identified related cos-site and pac-site phages, respectively, in lactococci, lactic streptococci and lactobacilli. Each group was represented with closely related temperate and virulent phages. Over the structural genes their gene maps resembled that of lambdoid coliphages, suggesting distant evolutionary relationships. Despite a lack of sequence similarity, a number of biochemical characteristics of these dairy phages are lambda-like (genetic switch, DNA packaging, head and tail morphogenesis, and integration, but not excision). These dairy phages thus provide interesting variations to the phage lambda paradigm. The structural gene cluster of Lactococcus phage r1t resembled that of phages from mycobacteria. Virulent lactococcal phages with prolate heads (c2-like genus of Siphoviridae), in contrast, have no known counterparts in other bacterial genera.
Neurokinin B Stimulates GnRH Release in the Male Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Is Colocalized with Kisspeptin in the Arcuate Nucleus (2010)

Human genetics indicate that kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) signaling are necessary for generating pulsatile LH release and therefore for initiation of puberty and maintaining gonadal function. In the present study, male monkeys were employed to examine 1) whether activation of the NKB receptor (NK3R) is associated with GnRH release, and 2) hypothalamic localization of these peptides using immunofluorescence histochemistry. Agonadal juveniles, in which pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was heightened by GnRH priming, were employed to indirectly examine GnRH-releasing actions of NK3R and kisspeptin receptor agonists by tracking LH after their i.v. injection. Castrated adults were used for immunohistochemistry. Single i.v. injections of NKB or senktide (an NK3R agonist) elicited robust LH discharges that were abolished by GnRH receptor antagonism (acyline) confirming the ligands' hypothalamic action. Intermittent infusion of senktide (1-min pulse every hour for 4 h), in contrast to that of kisspeptin, failed to sustain pulsatile GnRH release. Repetitive senktide injections did not compromise the GnRH-releasing action of kisspeptin. NKB and kisspeptin were colocalized in perikarya of the arcuate nucleus and in axonal projections to the median eminence, confirming earlier findings in sheep. These results are consistent with the human genetics, and indicate that although brief activation of NK3R stimulates GnRH release, repetitive stimulation of this pathway, in contrast to that of kisspeptin receptor, fails to sustain pulsatile GnRH release. In addition, the data provide a platform for future elucidation of the interactions between NKB and kisspeptin that are required for generating pulsatile GnRH release in primates.
Autoantibodies Define a Family of Proteins with Conserved Double-stranded RNA-binding Domains as Well as DNA Binding Activity (1999)

Cellular responses to viral infection are signaled by double-stranded (ds) RNA, which is not found in substantial amounts in uninfected cells. Although cellular dsRNA-binding proteins have been described, their characterization is incomplete. We show that dsRNA-binding proteins are prominent autoantigens. Sera from B6 and B10.S mice with pristane-induced lupus and human autoimmune sera immunoprecipitated a novel set of 130-, 110-, 90-, 80-, and 45-kDa proteins. The proteins were all major cellular poly(IC)-binding factors. N-terminal amino acid sequences of p110 and p90 were identical and matched nuclear factor (NF) 90 and M phase phosphoprotein 4. p45 and p90 were identified as the NF45.NF90 complex, which binds the interleukin-2 promoter as well as certain highly structured viral RNAs. NF90.NF45 and M phase phosphoprotein 4 belong to a large group of proteins with conserved dsRNA-binding motifs. Besides binding dsRNA, NF90.NF45, p110, and p130 had single-stranded and dsDNA binding activity. Some sera contained autoantibodies whose binding was inhibited by poly(IC) but not single-stranded DNA or vice versa, suggesting that the DNA- and RNA-binding sites are different. These autoantibodies will be useful probes of the function of dsRNA-binding proteins. Their interaction with dsRNA, an immunological adjuvant, also could promote autoimmunity.
Methods for Production of Intense Beams of Unstable Nuclei: New Developments at ISOLDE (1986)

An overview of progress in the target and ion source techniques at the ISOLDE on-line mass separator is given. The production of high intensity beams of mass-separated radioactive nuclei by bombardment of targets with 600 MeV protons and 910 MeV 3He from the CERN synchro-cyclotron is discussed. Off-line tests performed in order to clarify the release properties of different target materials are described. The targets are metal powders or foils, alloys, carbides, oxides, intermetallic compounds or molten metals. The influence of reactive gases on the release rates and progress in ion-source techniques are also discussed. Recent on-line tests are described in details, and systems are suggested for the production of elements which are not yet available as primary products in on-line mass separators.
Immunization of channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> Rafinesque, against <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Fouquet): killed versus live vaccines (1990)

Abstract. Fish surviving infection with the pathogenic ciliated protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876), become resistant to subsequent infection by the parasite. The acquired immunity suggests that development of a vaccine against the parasite may be possible. Because of the advantages of immunoprophylaxis for treatment of the disease, an effort has been made to determine whether fish exposed to killed parasite preparations can resist subsequent lethal challenge. Both the route of administration and the effects of stage specific antigens have been examined. Channel catfish vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or bath immersion with killed I multifiliis tomites show 100% mortality following a standard challenge protocol. Similarly, 100% mortality was observed in test groups injected with tomite cilia. In both cases, a consistent difference in days to death between control and test group animals was observed. Although complete mortality was seen with fish injected with tomite preparations, fish vaccinated with killed trophonts (the feeding stage of the parasite) had a much greater degree of protection with approximately 50% of fish surviving an otherwise lethal challenge. Finally, animals injected intraperitoneally with live tomites showed nearly complete immunity and were identical in their response to fish which survive natural infection. The response of fish vaccinated with live parasites indicates that animals injected intraperitoneally can develop surface immunity and that i.p. injection is a suitable route of administration for potential I. multifiliis vaccines.
Hyperfine interactions in silicon quantum dots (2011)

A fundamental interaction for electrons is their hyperfine interaction (HFI) with nuclear spins. HFI is well characterized in free atoms and molecules, and is crucial for purposes from chemical identification of atoms to trapped ion quantum computing. However, electron wave functions near atomic sites, therefore HFI, are often not accurately known in solids. Here we perform an all-electron calculation for conduction electrons in silicon and obtain reliable information on HFI. We verify the outstanding quantum spin coherence in Si, which is critical for fault-tolerant solid state quantum computing.
Switching effect in Cu:TCNQ charge transfer-complex thin films by vacuum codeposition (2003)

We demonstrate the operation of an organic switching device using a uniform poly-crystalline Cu:7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) charge transfer (CT)-complex thin film that is prepared by vacuum vapor codeposition. Characteristic CT-absorption at λ=600–1200 nm was observed in the complex film in the UV-visible spectrum and the cyano stretching peak in the IR spectrum shifted to a higher (more than 29 cm−1) wave number than that of a pristine TCNQ film, suggesting the formation of a CT-complex in the evaporated thin film. Reproducible electrical switching characteristics were observed in the indium tin oxide/Al/(Al2O3)/Cu:TCNQ/Al structure. The device exhibited a clear threshold from low impedance to high impedance at an applied voltage of 10.0±2.0 V and a reverse phenomenon at a negative bias of −9.5±2.0 V. In this study, we demonstrate that a thin Al2O3 layer between the aluminum (Al) anode and Cu:TCNQ layers creates reproducible switching.
Simplified Two-Dimensional Quantification of the Grown-in Microdefect Distributions in Czochralski Grown Silicon Crystals (2005)

A computationally efficient model to quantify the microdefect distributions in Czochralski grown silicon crystals is proposed and numerically solved. All microdefects are approximated as spherical clusters. The novelty of the proposed model centers on a simplified treatment of the population of the clusters at any location; the average radius of the clusters in the population is approximated by the square root of the average of the squared radii of all clusters. The formation of the clusters is described by the classical nucleation theory. The growth of the clusters at any location is quantified by an auxiliary variable proportional to the total surface area of the clusters present at the location. A comparison between the predictions of the novel model with both a traditional model treating the size distribution of the clusters in the actual cluster population and the experimental observations validate the novel model.
Evaluation of Different Power Saving Techniques for MBMS Services (2009)

Over the last years we have witnessed an explosive growth of multimedia computing, wireless communication and applications. Following the rapid increase in penetration rate of broadband services, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently standardizing the Evolved-Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (E-MBMS) framework of Long Term Evolution (LTE), the successor of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). MBMS constitutes a point-to-multipoint downlink bearer service that was designed to significantly decrease the required radio and wired link resources. However, several obstacles regarding the high-power requirements should be overcome for the realization of MBMS. Techniques, such as Macrodiversity Combining and Rate Splitting, could be utilized to reduce the power requirement of delivering multicast traffic to MBMS users. In this paper, we analytically present several power saving techniques and analyze their performance in terms of power consumption. We provide simulation results that reveal the amount of power that is saved and reinforce the need for the usage of such techniques.
Regulation of intestinal lactase in adult hypolactasia. (1992)

Relative deficiency of intestinal lactase activity during adulthood, adult hypolactasia, is a common condition worldwide. We studied the regulation of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in normal and adult hypolactasic subjects by correlating transcript abundance in intestinal biopsies with relative synthetic rates for the protein in cultured intestinal explants. After metabolic labelling studies in six subjects, precursor lactase-phlorizin hydrolase was identified in amounts directly proportional to the enzyme-specific activity suggesting that levels of intestinal lactase are regulated by synthetic rate. Total intestinal RNA was extracted from biopsies of these subjects and three hypolactasic adults who had participated in previous biosynthesis studies. Transcript levels were markedly reduced in deficient subjects who demonstrated diminished lactase-phlorizin hydrolase synthesis. The sequence of 1 kb of 5'-flanking region of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene was determined in two hypolactasic subjects and two controls. No sequence variability was identified to account for differences in mRNA levels or biosynthetic rates between the two groups. A single hypolactasic subject previously characterized as demonstrating delayed posttranslational processing, showed message levels intermediate between other deficients and controls. These results suggest that in the majority of our subjects, pretranslational mechanisms account for the predominate regulatory control of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase expression in the proximal intestine.
Peptide-Derived Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Antagonists (2003)

Protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is a G-coupled receptor cleaved by thrombin and other proteases to expose a new N-terminus, a "tethered ligand", that activates the receptor. Independently of proteolytic cleavage, peptides similar to the new N-terminus also activate the receptor, and structure activity relationships for the activating peptides have been extensively studied. Modification of activating peptides led to rationally designed peptide antagonists. The more potent peptide antagonists were N-terminal and 3-position modifications of the agonist peptides. The resulting PAR-1 antagonists have proved useful in pharmacological studies resolving the contribution of PAR-1 signaling mechanisms relative to other PARs in platelets, vascular endothelial and other cell types. High affinity peptide agonists and antagonists have been radiolabled and proven useful in binding assays. Screening of combinatorial libraries and compound collections using the radioligands have identified non-peptide antagonists of several different chemotypes. When the "thrombin receptor" (PAR-1) was first cloned and its mechanism of activation elucidated, there was great enthusiasm for the receptor as a drug target. The use of peptide agonists and antagonists has made possible much progress in our understanding of the role of this receptor.
Molecular control of nitric oxide synthases in the cardiovascular system (1999)

Nitric oxide plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, the regulation of the three nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the cardiovascular system are examined at molecular and cellular levels. In addition, recent information gleaned from the use of NOS knockout mice are discussed.
A New Panel of Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion in Adults (2015)

No routine tests currently exist to objectively diagnose mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. Previously reported biomarkers for mTBI represented proteins released from damaged neurons or glia. However, low levels of these proteins, and/or the complexity of assays used for their detection, limits implementation of these biomarkers in routine practice. Here, we sought to identify proteins whose synthesis is altered post-mTBI and whose blood levels could be measured using standard immunoassays. Adult patients sustaining a concussion within the past 24 h were enrolled. Controls were uninjured subjects and patients with orthopedic injury (OI). Four candidate biomarkers were identified: copeptin; galectin 3 (LGALS3); matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9); and occludin (OCLN). A 3.4-fold decrease (p<0.0001) in plasma concentration of copeptin was found in mTBI patients within 8 h after accident, compared to uninjured controls. Plasma levels of LGALS3, MMP9, and OCLN increased 3.6- to 4.5-fold (p<0.0001) within the same time frame postinjury. Levels of at least two biomarkers were altered beyond their respective cut-off values in 90% of mTBI patients, whereas in none of uninjured controls were levels of two biomarkers simultaneously changed. A positive correlation (r=0.681; p<0.001) between plasma levels of LGALS3 and OCLN was also found in mTBI patients, whereas in OI patients or uninjured subjects, these variables did not correlate. This panel of biomarkers discerns, with high accuracy, patients with isolated concussion from uninjured individuals within the first 8 h after accident. These biomarkers can also aid in diagnosing concussion in the presence of OI.
Expression of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase in myometrium, fetal membranes and placenta during normal human pregnancy and parturition (1997)

Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase, respectively. Over the last few years much work has focused on the role of nitric oxide in human parturition. The aim of this study was to determine whether the onset of human parturition is associated with a change in the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) or xanthine oxidase within the uterus. Samples of myometrium, placenta, decidua and fetal membranes were obtained from women before and after the onset of labour at term. Immunocytochemistry was used to localize Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD and xanthine oxidase and measure SOD enzyme activity. Cu/Zn and Mn SOD-like immunoreactivity was detected in syncytiotrophoblast cells, villous stromal cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the placenta. In the myometrium Cu/Zn and Mn SOD were localized to myocytes and endothelial cells and to some vascular smooth muscle cells. In the fetal membranes we observed staining for Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD in the amnion, chorion, extravillous trophoblast and decidua. There was no difference in SOD enzyme activity or staining intensity for SOD between different cell types before and during labour. Xanthine oxidase immunoreactivity was identified in each of the tissues examined and again there was no difference in immunostaining in tissues obtained from women delivered before or after the onset of labour. These results show that the pregnant uterus is capable of both synthesizing and degrading superoxide and suggest that superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase may play a role in the maintenance of uterine quiescence during pregnancy, but not in the initiation of parturition.
The Reactions of Nickel(II) with 1,2-Ethanedithiol<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Nickel(II) with 1,2-Ethanedithiol1D. L. Leussing and G. S. AlbertsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4458–4461Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of the CXCR4/SDF-1 chemokine axis in circulating neutrophil homeostasis (2004)

The bone marrow is the primary site for neutrophil production and release into the circulation. Because the CXC chemokine receptor-4/stromal derived factor-1 (CXCR4/SDF-1) axis plays a central role in the interactions of hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, and developing neutrophils in the marrow, we investigated whether reciprocal CXCR4-dependent mechanisms might be involved in neutrophil release and subsequent return to the marrow following circulation. Neutralizing antibody to CXCR4 reduced marrow retention of infused neutrophils (45.7% +/- 0.5% to 6.9% +/- 0.5%) and was found to mobilize neutrophils from marrow (34.4% +/- 4.4%). Neutrophil CXCR4 expression and SDF-1-induced calcium flux decreased with maturation and activation of the cells, corresponding to the decreased marrow homing associated with these characteristics in vivo. Infusion of the inflammatory mediator and CXCR2 ligand KC led to mobilization of neutrophils from marrow by itself and was augmented 3-fold by low doses of CXCR4-blocking antibody that otherwise had no mobilizing effect. Examination of KC and SDF-1 calcium signaling demonstrated that the effect of KC may, in part, be due to heterologous desensitization to SDF-1. These results suggest that the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is critical in circulating neutrophil homeostasis and that it may participate in the rapid release of neutrophils from the marrow during inflammation through a novel interaction with inflammatory CXC chemokines.
Rare-earth compounds with the MgCu2 structure (1960)

A number of new AB/sub 2/ compounds, in which A is a rare earth or yttrium atom and B is Al, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni, having the cubic MgCu/sub 2/ structure (Laves phase), are reported. In most of the compounds, the inPratomic distances are normal; the lanthanide contraction is observed. In the compounds CeB/sub 2/, B = Fe, Co, Ni, Ce appears to have a valence substsntially greater than three; in CeAl/sub 2/, cerium appears to be trivalent. These results are intetpreted as resulting from an energetically more favorable situation for the 4f electron of cerium to be lost to the 3d band of iron, cobalt, and nickel. Evidence for the existence of homogeneity ranges in these compounds is presented. (auth)
Analysis of recursively parallel programs (2012)

We propose a general formal model of isolated hierarchical parallel computations, and identify several fragments to match the concurrency constructs present in real-world programming languages such as Cilk and X10. By associating fundamental formal models (vector addition systems with recursive transitions) to each fragment, we provide a common platform for exposing the relative difficulties of algorithmic reasoning. For each case we measure the complexity of deciding state-reachability for finite-data recursive programs, and propose algorithms for the decidable cases. The complexities which include PTIME, NP, EXPSPACE, and 2EXPTIME contrast with undecidable state-reachability for recursive multi-threaded programs.
Structural and Functional Limits to Oxidative Metabolism: Insights from Scaling (1987)

A small (30 g) mouse is capable of mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption that are nearly ten times greater than those of a 300-kg steer. This review addresses a simple question: What are the physiological and structural bases for these large differences? I first consider how maximal rates of oxygen consumption scale with body size and then consider the processes in the muscle that consume ATP and set the demand for oxygen. Finally, I consider the role of the mitochondria of muscle, the organelles where the oxygen is consumed and ATP is produced, in setting this upper limit. The review by Ewald Weibel that follows considers the structures involved in moving the oxygen from the environment to the mitochondria. This review and that of Weibel address the general question of whether or not there is a !!latch between structures and their function under rate-limiting conditions of V °2,,,,' The tenfold differences in maximal rates of oxygen flow per unit mass that occur with body size provide an excellent opportunity to test for this match (24).