gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Genomic Identity of Different Strains of Mouse Scrapie Is Expressed in Hamsters and Preserved on Reisolation in Mice (1989)

263K is the most widely used strain of agent in scrapie research because it produces very short incubation periods in golden hamsters and exceptionally high infectivity titres in clinically affected brain. 263K is also remarkable in having a very low pathogenicity for mice. Evidence is presented that 263K originated as a mutant that was strongly selected on passage in hamsters. Seven new passage lines have been established in hamsters using well characterized strains of mouse scrapie representing the 'drowsy goat' and SSBP/1 families of scrapie strains, and one natural scrapie source. Considerable differences between scrapie strains were found in hamsters using incubation period criteria alone. There was evidence that the parent strain of 263K might be 79V or a strain like it in the 'drowsy goat' family. Four of the hamster passage lines were established from scrapie strains that had been cloned in mice. Reisolates in mice were compared with original strains. By the criteria used, two of the reisolates were the same as the original strains. Two others were mutants with incubation periods longer than those of their parental strains but the mutants were different from one another. It is concluded that passage between mice and hamsters can select mutants that would otherwise be lost but there is also clear evidence that the genotypic identity of some scrapie strains is preserved on passage between different host species. These findings are important in the search for the putative nucleic acid genome of the scrapie agent.
An algorithm for identification in the ν-gap metric (2003)

This paper suggests a method for identification in the /spl nu/-gap metric. For a finite number of frequency response samples, a problem for identification in the /spl nu/-gap metric is formulated and an approximate solution is described. It uses an iterative technique for obtaining an /spl Lscr//sub 2/-gap approximation. Each stage of the iteration involves solving an LMI optimisation. Given a known stabilising controller and the /spl Lscr/2-gap approximation, it is shown how to derive a /spl nu/-gap approximation.
Resisting executive control in Queensland's unicameral legislature: recent developments and the changing role of the Speaker in Queensland (2012)

Queensland has long been criticised for the limitations of its parliamentary system and its excessive dominance by executive government. The 1989 Fitzgerald Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (henceforth called the Fitzgerald Inquiry), pinpointed Queensland’s system of government and particularly its weak parliamentary system as one of the main causes for the State’s endemic corruption. As the Fitzgerald Report (1989: 123) lamented:
Building survivable systems: an integrated approach based on intrusion detection and damage containment (2002)

Reliance on networked information systems to support critical infrastructures prompts interest in making network information systems survivable, so that they continue functioning even when under attack. To build survivable systems, attacks must be detected and reacted to before they impact performance or functionality. Previous survivable systems research focused primarily on detecting intrusions, rather than on preventing or containing damage due to intrusions. We have therefore developed a new approach that combines early attack detection with automated reaction for damage prevention and containment, as well as tracing and isolation of attack origination point(s). Our approach is based on specifying security-relevant behaviors using patterns over sequences of observable events, such as a process's system calls and their arguments, and the contents of network packets. By intercepting actual events at runtime and comparing them to specifications, attacks can be detected and operations associated with the deviant events can be modified to thwart the attack. Being based on security-relevant behaviors rather than known attack signatures, our approach can protect against unknown attacks. At the same time, our approach produces few false positives-a property that is critical for automating reactions. Our host-based mechanisms for attack detection and isolation coordinate with network routers enhanced with active networking technology in order to trace the origin of the attack and isolate the attacker.
The role of endotoxin in protection of adult rats from oxygen-induced lung toxicity. (1978)

Adult rats show evidence of severe lung damage after 72h of continuous exposure to hyperoxia (96-98% O2). Treatment of adult rats with a solution of Plasmanate, inadvertently contaminated with endotoxin-producing organisms, or with purified endotoxin itself markedly altered the lung toxicity associated with hyperoxic exposure (survival in treated animals = 110/113 [97%] versus survival in untreated animals = 56/172 [33%]). After 72h of hyperoxic exposure, the endotoxin-treated rats demonstrated significant increases in lung superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, a protectant enzyme response not seen in untreated adult rats. The basis for endotoxin's protective effect from hyperoxic lung damage is believed to be related to the stimulated increase in activity of the pulmonary antioxidant enzyme defense system. Some previously known actions of endotoxin are speculated to also serve a protective function by opposing some of the usual detrimental effects of high concentrations of O2 on the lung.
Detection of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in plasma of guinea pigs during anaphylaxis. (1973)

SRS-A, a mediator long recognized to be released into the diffusates and perfusates from isolated tissues after antigen-antibody interaction, has been isolated from the plasma of sensitized guinea pigs challenged intravenously with specific antigen. Techniques are now available to study SRS-A release in vivo in selected immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
COMPUTATION OF NOISE DIRECTIONALITY, COHERENCE AND ARRAY RESPONSE IN RANGE DEPENDENT MEDIA WITH CANARY (2001)

The ambient noise model CANARY calculates noise coherence and array noise response by treating the noise sources as surface distributions rather than points. This assumption leads to simplification of the propagation, even in range-dependent environments, and by allowing variations in the source density one can represent distant storms or groups of ships. Included is a description of the numerical algorithms used to calculate coherence. Some recently developed analytical solutions for uniform source distributions and uniformly sloping seabed 3 are used as test cases for CANARY. Some additional examples demonstrate CANARY's performance in more realistic environments and conditions including wind and shipping sources, and comparisons are made with the noise model RANDI.
The last silicon transistor: Nanosheet devices could be the final evolutionary step for Moore's Law (2019)

The modern microprocessor is among the world's most complex systems, but at its heart is a very simple, and we think beautiful, device: the transistor. There are billions of them in a microprocessor today, and they are nearly all identical. So improving the performance and boosting the density of these transistors is the most straightforward way to make microprocessors - and the computers they power - work better.
A simulation model for X.500 directories: initial experiences (1991)

The X.500 Standard has been proposed as the basis for a directory service in distributed systems. There is some question as to whether it is suited to this use. This paper describes the initial work on the development of an X.500 simulation testbed to be used in investigating the behaviour of X.500 directories in large distributed environments. The initial version of the testbed has been developed using the Quipu prototype implementation of X.500 and the Nest network simulation tool. The long-term goals of this work are twofold: first, to evaluate the effectiveness of X.500 in providing directory services in a distributed system environment and, second, to evaluate and explore proposed changes to the Standard. This paper outlines the X.500 simulation model, discusses its underlying assumptions and describes initial experiments in using it to evaluate a network of X.500 directory and user agents. It also discusses the approach used, reports on experiences with the existing tools and identifies further enhancements to facilitate use of such tools for simulating other, similar distributed applications.
Financial management in Hmong immigrant families: Change and adaptation (2008)

This study examined family financial management in the Hmong community through the analysis of 11 in-depth interviews with Hmong professionals who worked in the area of finance. The findings revealed that as the Hmong made the transition from an agricultural economy in Laos to the complex economic system in the United States, they have learned to adapt to their environment. First generation immigrants continue to live fairly simple lifestyles and havemaintained their strong value of saving money. The 1.5 generation integrates the Hmong value of saving with their knowledge about the U.S. financial system, resulting in savvy financial investments. The 2nd generation, born and raised in the U.S., has been primarily influenced by the U.S. consumer culture, resulting in perceiving wants as needs. Thus spending is a higher priority than saving.
Muscle-related Disability Following Combat Injury Increases With Time. (2016)

While temporary retirement status provided opportunities for injured service members to experience additional improvement prior to permanent retirement, not all conditions can be expected to improve. This study demonstrates that the Army PEB ratings for muscle conditions did not improve despite additional recovery time being granted to the subjects on temporary retirement status.
Analysis of Generator Oscillation Characteristics Based on Multiple Synchronized Phasor Measurements (2003)

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the on-line measurement, such as observation of power system dynamics and evaluation of machine parameters. On-line methods are particularly attractive since the machine’s service need not be interrupted and parameter estimation is performed by processing measurements obtained during the normal operation of the machine. Authors placed PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) connected to 100V outlets in some Universities in the 60Hz power system and examine oscillation characteristics in power system. PMU is synchronized based on the global positioning system (GPS) and measured data are transmitted via Internet. This paper describes an application of PMU for generator oscillation analysis. The purpose of this paper is to show methods for processing phase difference and to estimate damping coeffcient and natural angular frequency from phase difference at steady state.
Coded exposure imaging for projective motion deblurring (2010)

We propose a method for deblurring of spatially variant object motion. A principal challenge of this problem is how to estimate the point spread function (PSF) of the spatially variant blur. Based on the projective motion blur model of, we present a blur estimation technique that jointly utilizes a coded exposure camera and simple user interactions to recover the PSF. With this spatially variant PSF, objects that exhibit projective motion can be effectively de-blurred. We validate this method with several challenging image examples.
Extracting context to improve accuracy for HTML content extraction (2005)

Previous work on content extraction utilized various heuristics such as link to text ratio, prominence of tables, and identification of advertising. Many of these heuristics were associated with "settings", whereby some heuristics could be turned on or off and others parameterized by minimum or maximum threshold values. A given collection of settings - such as removing table cells with high linked to non-linked text ratios and removing all apparent advertising -- might work very well for a news website, but leave little or no content left for the reader of a shopping site or a web portal We present a new technique, based on incrementally clustering websites using search engine snippets, to associate a newly requested website with a particular "genre", and then employ settings previously determined to be appropriate for that genre, with dramatically improved content extraction results overall.
ePlan Multi-Surface (2014)

Emergency response planning is a process that involves many different stakeholders who may communicate concurrently with different channels and exchange different information artefacts. The planning typically occurs in an emergency operations centre (EOC) and involves personnel both in the room and also in the field. The EOC provides an interesting context for examining the use of tablets, tabletops and high resolution wall displays, and their role in facilitating information and communication exchange in an emergency response planning scenario. In collaboration with a military and emergency response simulation software company in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, we developed ePlan Multi-Surface, a multi-surface environment for communication and collaboration for emergency response planning exercises. In this paper, we describe the domain, how it informed our prototype, and insights on collaboration, interactions and information dissemination in multi-surface environments for EOCs.
Topical and effective hemostatic medicines in the battlefield. (2015)

Uncontrolled hemorrhage has been considered as one of the most important factors for causing death on the battlefront. If given timely and efficient hemostatic medicines in pre-hospital setting, patients will obtain more time and chance to wait for medical treatment so as to save their lives. However, there is not a certain answer about which kind of hemostatic drugs can achieve efficacious effect to hemostasis in the battle. This review aims to summarize effective hemostatic medicines applied in battlefield from 41 articles. After analyzing and comparing the efficacy and complications of those products, we conclude that Fibrin Sealant Dressing, Celox and Woundstat are prior to other materials to stanch life-threatening extremity hemorrhage on the battlefield based on present research in the related area. Therefore, in the prevalence of some inevitable battlefield throughout the world, especially in the Middle Eastern countries, our findings suggest for the first time that the effective hemostatic device is not only a key point to link pre-hospital and hospital care but also an essential way to increase the survival rate of battlefront in the foreseeable future.
Hex is a transcriptional repressor that contributes to anterior identity and suppresses Spemann organiser function (2000)

One of the earliest markers of anterior asymmetry in vertebrate embryos is the transcription factor Hex. We find that Hex is a transcriptional repressor that can be converted to an activator by fusing full length Hex to two copies of the minimal transcriptional activation domain of VP16 together with the flexible hinge region of the (lambda) repressor (Hex-(lambda)VP2). Retention of the entire Hex open reading frame allows one to examine Hex function without disrupting potential protein-protein interactions. Expression of Hex-(lambda)VP2 in Xenopus inhibits expression of the anterior marker Cerberus and results in anterior truncations. Such embryos have multiple notochords and disorganised muscle tissue. These effects can occur in a cell non-autonomous manner, suggesting that one role of wild-type Hex is to specify anterior structures by suppressing signals that promote dorsal mesoderm formation. In support of this idea, over-expression of wild-type Hex causes cell non-autonomous dorso-anteriorization, as well as cell autonomous suppression of dorsal mesoderm. Suppression of dorsal mesoderm by Hex is accompanied by the down-regulation of Goosecoid and Chordin, while induction of dorsal mesoderm by Hex-(lambda)VP2 results in activation of these genes. Transient transfection experiments in ES cells suggest that Goosecoid is a direct target of Hex. Together, our results support a model in which Hex suppresses organiser activity and defines anterior identity.
Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Reticuline in Normotensive Rats (2004)

The cardiovascular effects of reticuline, isolated in a pure form from the stem of Ocotea duckei Vattimo, were studied in rats by using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach. In normotensive rats, reticuline (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i. v., randomly) injections produced an intense hypotension. This hypotensive response was attenuated after either, L-NAME (20 mg/kg, i. v.), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, or atropine (2 mg/kg, i. v.), a muscarinic receptor antagonist. In isolated rat aortic rings with intact endothelium, reticuline (3 x 10 ( - 6), 3 x 10 ( - 5), 3 x 10 ( - 4), 9 x 10 ( - 4) and 1.5 x 10 ( - 3) M) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the contractions induced by phenylephrine (1 microM), KCl (80 mM) and KCl (30 mM), [IC (50) = (0.4 +/- 0.1, 2.4 +/- 0.4 and 3 +/- 0.4) x 10 ( - 4) M, respectively). The effect of reticuline on phenylephrine-induced contractions was attenuated by removal of the vascular endothelium [IC (50) = (2.5 +/- 0.7) x 10 ( - 4) M]. Similar results were obtained after pretreatment of the rings with L-NAME 100 microM [IC (50) = (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 10 ( - 4) M], L-NAME 300 microM [IC (50) = (3 +/- 0.3) x 10 ( - 4) M] or atropine 1 microM [IC (50) = (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10 ( - 4) M]. On the other hand, the effect of reticuline on phenylephrine-induced contractions was not affected by indomethacin 1 microM [IC (50) = (0.7 +/- 0.3) x 10 ( - 4) M]. Reticuline (3 x 10 ( - 6), 3 x 10 ( - 5), 3 x 10 ( - 4), 9 x 10 ( - 4) and 1.5 x 10 ( - 3) M) antagonized CaCl (2)-induced contractions, and also inhibited the intracellular calcium dependent transient contractions induced by norepinephrine (1 microM), but not those induced by caffeine (20 mM). These results suggest that the hypotensive effect of reticuline is probably due to a peripheral vasodilation in consequence of: 1) muscarinic stimulation and NOS activation in the vascular endothelium, 2) voltage-dependent Ca (2+) channel blockade and/or 3) inhibition of Ca (2+) release from norepinephrine-sensitive intracellular stores.
Partial discharge monitoring of power transformers using UHF sensors. Part I: sensors and signal interpretation (2005)

Determining whether power transformers are suffering from internal arcing or dangerous levels of partial discharge (PD) is important because failure without warning can result in damage to neighboring equipment, customer dissatisfaction, disruption to economic activity, and the imposition of regulatory fines. This paper provides an overview of the excitation of UHF signals by PD inside transformers. The use of externally mounted sensors has been outlined, and the structure of a dielectric window that can be constructed on an inspection hatch has been outlined. Attenuation of UHF signals propagating inside a transformer tank has been shown to be relatively low. A new approach to locating PD sources in three dimensions has been presented, based on using a numerical model of the transformer materials, which defines electromagnetic propagation velocities on a mesh of 5-cm sub-cells. The concepts of the propagation-velocity matrix (PVM) and the propagation-time matrix (PTM) were thereby introduced. Once the PD source has been located to a specific region of the transformer, the PVM might be used to index a database of physical descriptions of the transformer that could provide additional information to assist with diagnosis.
Experimental evaluation of the importance of compliance for robotic impact control (2002)

We present experimental results for impact control of a 2DOF DD manipulator against a stiff and compliant environment. The manipulator is commanded to approach the stiff environment at a specified velocity, and, once in contact with it, to exert a specified force on it. We present a simple understanding of the three stages of impact control, the pre-contact stage, the impact stage and the post contact stage; we adopt such a basic approach due to the ambiguous nature of results presented in the literature. Besides, in doing so, we take into cognizance the state-of-the art in robotic hardware, which have important implications in any implementation of impact control strategies. The emphasis of the paper is on experimental implementation; a clear cut distinction between what works and what does not. Our results indicate that for very stiff environments, stable impact control may be achieved at low velocities only, and that for a compliant system, there is a trade-off between approach velocity, compliance, sampling time and the bandwidth of the robotic system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An evaluation of how glaucoma patients use topical medications: a pilot study. (2007)

Although most individuals may have little difficulty with the use, storage, and handling of eye drops, this study demonstrates that broad variation in reported practices exists. This finding suggests a need for better instruction in eye drop administration and illuminates some of the methodological problems that could be overcome to reduce patients' frustration, improve compliance, and increase efficacy.
Novel pH-Responsive Smart Fabric: From Switchable Wettability to Controllable On-Demand Oil/Water Separation (2018)

Stimulus-responsive materials have great potential in advanced controllable oil/water separation applications. Here, a novel, cost-effective, and green approach is developed to produce a pH-responsive smart fabric with switchable wettability. The approach first involves grafting polydopamine (PDA) and cystamine dihydrochloride (cystamine) on a fabric surface to obtain thiol-functionalized fabric (Fabric-SH). Hydrophobic stearyl methacrylate (SMA) and pH-responsive undecylenic acid are then decorated on the Fabric-SH surface through efficient and green photoinduced thiol–ene click coupling chemistry. The obtained fabric exhibits rapidly switchable wettability between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity depending on the contacting liquid pH value and can be applied in controllable separation of various mixtures of water and oil with high efficiency up to 99%. More importantly, the as-prepared fabric is able to realize the separation of oil/water/oil ternary mixtures and can self-clean and repel oil fouling during the separation process. Its superhydrophobicity is robust, showing no significant change after a 500 cycle peeling test. This novel and cost-effective smart cotton fabric exhibits significant potential in satisfying different separation purposes under complicated conditions.