gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Topographic Landscapes of Volcanic Necks in the Coastal Range and Lutao, Eastern Taiwan (2004)

Hot magma was transmitted through a conduit system or fractures to the ground surface in a volcanic eruption. These volcanic conduits are mostly formed through the consolidation of the magma. Generally speaking, there are quite resistant to weathering processes, and can be preserved through long periods of time. In the Coastal Range and the offshore islet Lutao of Taiwan well-developed volcanic necks, typified by the occurrence of columnar joints, are found in Tafengfeng, Tuweihsi (Chungan) in the Coastal Range and Lantzuhu, Yotzuhu, Haishenping and Kungkuantsun in Lutao. The columnar joints found in Lutao andesites or in the basalts of the Coastal Range are either horizontal or clino to pleated-skirt formed manifesting geological structure specific to volcanic conduits present in the volcanic necks. The shapes of the columnar jointing in the volcanic necks depend on the diameter of the passage conduit, the thickness of the emitted lava, the composition of the magma, and the topographic features of the strata underlying the site of eruption. The occurrence of volcanic necks in the coastal Range and in Lutao is highly diversified and these volcanic necks are worthy of permanent preservation simply for tourism and educational purposes. We report 3 typical examples of volcanic conduits occurred in the Coastal Range and Lutao. (1) Haishenping, Lutao: a typical volcanic crater with clino columnar jointing. (2) Tuweihsi, Coastal Range: a volcanic dike with horizontal to clino-columnar jointing in basaltic the cliff wall of lava breccias. The pillow lavas and hyaloclastite flows indicate possible submarine eruption. Both of (1) and (2) may be formed in the trunk of the volcanic neck, Tuweihsi's position maybe lower than that of Haisenping's. (3) Tafonfon, the Coastal Range: the exposed volcanic neck in basaltic rock at Tafonfon is small, but the pleated-skirt configuration is perfect with a well exposed volcanic conduit in the upper portion looking like a corolla or crown. We suggest that it may be used as the Logo for the Coastal Range Volcanic Scenic Area. This outcrop illustrates well the mechanism to form columnar jointing in a volcanic conduit.
A METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF ATYPICAL FORMS OF HUMAN SERUM CHOLINESTERASE. DETERMINATION OF DIBUCAINE NUMBERS (1957)

Cases with atypical esterase activity were found by determining esterase inhibition in numerous sera. A suitable inhibitor was the local anaesthetic dibucaine (cinchocaine, TN Nupercaine, Perkain). A good discrimination between typical and atypical sera was obtained under the following conditions: The esterase activity of human serum diluted 1:100 was measured with a recording spectrophotometer at 240 mμ. The substrate was 5 × 10 −5 M benzoylcholine dissolved in M/15 phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The concentration of the inhibitor was 10 −5 M. With the experimental temperature around 25 °C, the average inhibition of the typical enzyme was 78.8 ± 0.3%. The inhibition of the atypical esterases was less; in rare cases the inhibition was only 16%. For each person, the inhibition characteristics were constant over a period of several months, and independent of the esterase level. The degree of inhibition measured under these conditions and expressed in per cent has been termed "Dibucaine Number".
Resist heating in excimer laser lithography (1988)

Intensity dependence of the photochemical reaction rate, and thus the exposure reciprocity, for excimer laser beam irradiation to resist has been investigated. The reciprocity law did not hold for KrCl excimer laser beam irradiation concerning the sensitivity of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist. It is also shown that this failure of the reciprocity law originates from a resist sensitivity change caused by the resist temperature rise due to irradiation (resist heating). For PMMA, the laser beam with a pulse energy of 15 mJ/cm2 and a wavelength of 222 nm raised the resist temperature by about 30 °C, resulting in a thermally assisted photochemical reaction.
Overview of Bio-Oil from Sewage Sludge by Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction Technology (2012)

Sewage sludge is an unavoidable secondary pollution produced in the process of sewage treatment. At present traditional methods of treating sludge (e.g. landfill, incineration or land application) have some disadvantages and shortages. Direct thermochemical liquefaction of sludge is a new treatment method, which has the advantage of both treatment and energy recovery. Research progress and application prospect of sludge liquefaction technology are widely reported, typical liquefaction process with bio-oil production and its main influencing factors are introduced. Besides, the devel- opment of this process is illustrated, and resource and energy recovery of this technology are pointed out to be the ten- dency of sludge treatment in the future.
Metal-gate FinFET and fully-depleted SOI devices using total gate silicidation (2003)

Metal-gate FinFET and FDSOI devices were fabricated using total gate silicidation. Devices satisfy the following metal-gate technology requirements: ideal mobility, low gate leakage, high transconductance, competitive I/sub on//I/sub off/, and adjustable V/sub t/. Six silicide gate materials are presented, as well as two silicide workfunction engineering methods.
Section summary: Institutional context, drivers and detectability in REDD+ implementation (2013)

REDD+ and Forest Degradation REDD+ implementation requires two key steps: (1) establish a reference emission level or reference level (RL); and (2) monitor performance against the reference level (RL). A monitoring system must be able to monitor the performance of implementing action plans to reduce emissions. Degradation activities are of concern because it is unknown to what degree they are contributing to emissions, with potentially and in some cases likely significant contributions to emissions. For REDD+ the key feature is the need to estimate the net emissions from anthropogenic-caused (i.e., human-caused) changes in forests remaining forests.
The <i>KRAS</i>-variant and treatment response in BATTLE-1. (2014)

8135 Background: The program, “BATTLE: Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer Elimination” was initiated to establish individualized targeted therapy for NSCLC patients for whom standard therapy had failed. This trial prospectively examined patient tumor biomarker profiles, and assigned them to corresponding targeted therapies (erlotinib, vandetanib, bexarotene+erlotinib, and sorafenib). The primary end-point was 8-week disease control (DC) rate, with a secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS). The KRAS-variant is a germ-line mutation that predicts increased NSCLC risk, as well as tumor biology across numerous cancer types. Methods: 161 patients from the BATTLE-1 clinical study with sufficient DNA available were tested for the KRAS-variant. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the difference in survival distributions among groups. Results: Overall, 16 BATTLE patients had the KRAS-variant, 10.2% (11/107) without tumor acquired EGFR or KRAS mutations (WT), 4.3% (1/23) with tumor acquired EGFR mutations, and 9.7% (3/31) with tumor acquired KRAS mutations. For the primary objective of the study of 8-week DC, KRAS-variant patients faired worse (48.5% non-variant vs 28.6% KRAS-variant patients). For WT patients, the KRAS-variant predicted borderline worse OS (p=0.072) and significantly worse PFS (p=0.01). The impact of the KRAS-variant on outcome depended significantly on treatment type. KRAS-variant patients treated with Erlotinib had significantly worse PFS (p=0.001). KRAS-variants patients treated with Vandetanib had significantly worse OS (p=0.029). However, KRAS-variant patients treated with Sorafenib had borderline improved OS (p=0.056). For Sorafenib treated patients with tumor acquired KRAS mutations, those with the KRAS-variant had significantly improved PFS (p=0.045) vs non-variant patients. Conclusions: The KRAS-variant appears to be a predictive biomarker in NSCLC, regardless of tumor acquired KRAS and EGFR mutations. These findings will be further investigated in the BATTLE2 trial as well as RTOG 0617 to confirm the potential of the KRAS-variant to be employed to direct treatment for NSCLC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT00409968.
A Note on the Glauber Dynamics for Sampling Independent Sets (2001)

This note considers the problem of sampling from the set of weighted independent sets of a graph with maximum degree $\Delta$. For a positive fugacity $\lambda$, the weight of an independent set $\sigma$ is $\lambda^{|\sigma|}$. Luby and Vigoda proved that the Glauber dynamics, which only changes the configuration at a randomly chosen vertex in each step, has mixing time $O(n\log{n})$ when $\lambda < {{2}\over {\Delta-2}}$ for triangle-free graphs. We extend their approach to general graphs.
Effect of a novel covalent antithrombin-heparin complex on thrombin generation on fetal distal lung epithelium (1998)

Respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by fibrin deposition in the lung. Fibrin adversely affects surfactant function and stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts. There is evidence that these properties may be important to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite successful initial treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with surfactant, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has not decreased. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that rat fetal distal lung epithelium (FDLE) possesses both procoagulant and anticoagulant properties. In this report, we have demonstrated (using factor VII-deficient plasma) that tissue factor is expressed on the FDLE surface and promotes thrombin generation. To regulate thrombin within this procoagulant environment, we have developed a novel anticoagulant, antithrombin-heparin covalent complex (ATH) that can be retained within the lung after intrapulmonary instillation. We have demonstrated that ATH was superior to antithrombin plus standard heparin in suppressing thrombin generation (P < 0.001) and prothrombin consumption (P < 0.01) in recalcified defibrinated plasma on the surface of FDLE. Further studies with ATH in vivo need to be performed.
Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films Prepared by Hot-Wire Method with Varied Process Pressure (2011)

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon films were prepared by hot-wire method at low substrate temperature (200 ∘ C) without hydrogen dilution of silane (SiH 4 ). A variety of techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, were used to characterize these films for structural and optical properties. Films are grown at reasonably high deposition rates (>15 Å/s), which are very much appreciated for the fabrication of cost effective devices. Different crystalline fractions (from 2.5% to 63%) and crystallite size (3.6–6.0 nm) can be achieved by controlling the process pressure. It is observed that with increase in process pressure, the hydrogen bonding in the films shifts from Si–H to Si–H 2 and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Si–H</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>complexes. The band gaps of the films are found in the range 1.83–2.11 eV, whereas the hydrogen content remains <9 at.% over the entire range of process pressure studied. The ease of depositing films with tunable band gap is useful for fabrication of tandem solar cells. A correlation between structural and optical properties has been found and discussed in detail.
Query-time entity resolution (2006)

The goal of entity resolution is to reconcile database references corresponding to the same real-world entities. Given the abundance of publicly available databases where entities are not resolved, we motivate the problem of quickly processing queries that require resolved entities from such 'unclean' databases. We propose a two-stage collective resolution strategy for processing queries. We then show how it can be performed on-the-fly by adaptively extracting and resolving those database references that are the most helpful for resolving the query. We validate our approach on two large real-world publication databases where we show the usefulness of collective resolution and at the same time demonstrate the need for adaptive strategies for query processing. We then show how the same queries can be answered in real time using our adaptive approach while preserving the gains of collective resolution.
Imbalance of expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human pancreatic carcinoma (1997)

Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential step in tumour invasion and metastasis. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) each have different substrate specificities within the ECM and are important in its degradation. MMP activity is dependent on the levels of activated MMP and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The expression of MMPs and TIMPs in pancreatic carcinoma, normal pancreas, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines has been determined by Northern analysis. The transcripts have been localized by in situ hybridization and the MMP2 protein by immunohistochemistry. Expression of MMP2, -7, and -11 was greater in pancreatic carcinoma than in normal pancreas (P < 0.01). MMP7 expression in normal pancreas and MMP7 and -11 expression in tumours was always seen the TIMP1 expression. TIMP2 was expressed in only half of the tumours and a previously undescribed transcript size is reported for TIMP2. MTMMP was expressed concurrently with MMP2 in 64 per cent of tumours, but concurrent MMP2 and TIMP2 expression occurred in only half. MMP2 mRNA was found more often in the tumour stroma than with the other MMPs or TIMPs (P < 0.02). It is concluded that while overexpression of MMP7 and -11 may be countered by TIMP1, the aggressive phenotype of pancreatic carcinoma may occur because of overexpression of MMP2, activated by MTMMP and associated with a reduced expression of TIMP2.
Hysteresis behaviour and piezoelectric properties of Nb doped PLZT ceramics (2003)

The effect of niobium doping on the microstructure, hysteresis, and piezoelectric properties of PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) (5/65/35) ceramics is investigated. Saturation polarization is obtained with 0.5 mole.% Nb added. Nb doping inhibits the grain growth. The room-temperature dielectric constant increases and the ferroelectric Curie temperature decreases with Nb content. Optimum piezoelectric coefficients are also obtained with 0.5 mole.% Nb added.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Seismic imaging (2001)

Abstract Unmigrated reflection seismic energy recorded at the earth's surface, for example in the form of common-offset records, often provides a remarkably coherent picture of subsurface structure. Coherent as it might be, however, this picture is not correct, suffering from several distorting effects, most notably those of diffraction from geologic bed truncations and lateral movement of the energy between the reflection points on dipping beds and the surface locations. Seismic imaging is the process that corrects these distortions. In the next paragraphs, I discuss this important technology.
Aspects of the blood chemistry of wild lions, Panthera leo (1987)

Serum chemical data are presented for forty-five lions, Panthera leo, living in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Most results are similar to those for captive lions. The effects on blood assays of twenty-one environmental, physiological and behavioural variables are investigated. Age and immobilization-related effects were the main variables operating within the normal range. The major finding related to behavioural variables associated nomadic individuals with poor condition. None of the blood parameters measured was related significantly to either season or cub survival.
Cryopreserved rat, dog and monkey hepatocytes: measurement of drug metabolizing enzymes in suspensions and cultures (2004)

Metabolism in fresh and cryopreserved (CP) rat, dog and monkey hepatocyte suspensions and cultures was measured using midazolam (CYP3A), tolbutamide (CYP2C), dextromethorphan (CYP2D) and p-nitrophenol (glucuronosyl S-transferases (UGT), sulphotransferases (ST)). CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, UGT and ST enzyme functions in fresh and CP rat, dog and monkey hepatocyte suspensions were retained - CP rat hepatocytes lost some CYP2C activity but this was restored by adding NADPH or by placing the cells in culture, suggesting that the enzyme was still functional. Phase 2 activities were equivalent in fresh and CP hepatocyte suspensions. In some cases, incubation conditions increased the rate of metabolism, possibly reflecting de novo cofactor synthesis. However, this effect was substrate and species dependent and was not always the same in fresh and CP cells. CYP3A, CYP2C, CYP2D, UGT and ST activities at 24 hours of culture of rat and monkey hepatocytes were not compromised by cryopreservation. CYP3A, CYP2D but not CYP2C were lower in 24-hour cultures of CP dog hepatocytes than in fresh cells. Despite being lower than fresh cells, UGT activity in dog CP hepatocytes did not decrease from 0 to 24 hours of culture. Species-specific metabolism of p-nitrophenol could be demonstrated in both CP cell suspensions and cultures. In conclusion, these data suggest that the enzyme characteristics of fresh and CP hepatocytes from each species and under specific incubation conditions should be considered when carrying out metabolism studies of new compounds.
Phosphorylation of Tau Is Regulated by PKN (2001)

For the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated protein, tau plays a pivotal role in regulating microtubule networks in neurons. Tau promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules. The potential for tau to bind to microtubules is down-regulated after local phosphorylation. When we investigated the effects of PKN activation on tau phosphorylation, we found that PKN triggers disruption of the microtubule array both in vitro and in vivo and predominantly phosphorylates tau in microtubule binding domains (MBDs). PKN has a catalytic domain highly homologous to protein kinase C (PKC), a kinase that phosphorylates Ser-313 (= Ser-324, the number used in this study) in MBDs. Thus, we identified the phosphorylation sites of PKN and PKC subtypes (PKC-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -gamma, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta, and -lambda) in MBDs. PKN phosphorylates Ser-258, Ser-320, and Ser-352, although all PKC subtypes phosphorylate Ser-258, Ser-293, Ser-324, and Ser-352. There is a PKN-specific phosphorylation site, Ser-320, in MBDs. HIA3, a novel phosphorylation-dependent antibody recognizing phosphorylated tau at Ser-320, showed immunoreactivity in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing tau and the active form of PKN, but not in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing tau and the inactive form of PKN. The immunoreactivity for phosphorylated tau at Ser-320 increased in the presence of a phosphatase inhibitor, FK506 treatment, which means that calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) may be involved in dephosphorylating tau at Ser-320 site. We also noted that PKN reduces the phosphorylation recognized by the phosphorylation-dependent antibodies AT8, AT180, and AT270 in vivo. Thus PKN serves as a regulator of microtubules by specific phosphorylation of tau, which leads to disruption of tubulin assembly.
Overexpression of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Mannosylphosphodolichol Synthase-Encoding Gene in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> Results in an Increased Level of Protein Secretion and Abnormal Cell Ultrastructure (1999)

Production of extracellular proteins plays an important role in the physiology of Trichoderma reesei and has potential industrial application. To improve the efficiency of protein secretion, we overexpressed in T. reesei the DPM1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoding mannosylphosphodolichol (MPD) synthase, under homologous, constitutively acting expression signals. Four stable transformants, each with different copy numbers of tandemly integrated DPM1, exhibited roughly double the activity of MPD synthase in the respective endoplasmic reticulum membrane fraction. On a dry-weight basis, they secreted up to sevenfold-higher concentrations of extracellular proteins during growth on lactose, a carbon source promoting formation of cellulases. Northern blot analysis showed that the relative level of the transcript of cbh1, which encodes the major cellulase (cellobiohydrolase I [CBH I]), did not increase in the transformants. On the other hand, the amount of secreted CBH I and, in all but one of the transformants, intracellular CBH I was elevated. Our results suggest that posttranscriptional processes are responsible for the increase in CBH I production. The carbohydrate contents of the extracellular proteins were comparable in the wild type and in the transformants, and no hyperglycosylation was detected. Electron microscopy of the DPM1-amplified strains revealed amorphous structure of the cell wall and over three times as many mitochondria as in the control. Our data indicate that molecular manipulation of glycan biosynthesis in Trichoderma can result in improved protein secretion.
Spatial variation of phase in ducts and the measurement of acoustic energy reflection coefficients (1985)

The sound pressure in a one-dimensional duct contains amplitude and phase components, both of which vary with position. The spatial variation of phase is examined in this paper and is shown to be closely related to the relative flow of incident and reflected acoustic energy. A technique that determines the acoustic reflection coefficient of the duct termination by measuring the maximum rate change of phase with position is discussed. For the measurements of phase variation a single moveable probe microphone is used with a phasemeter. Good agreement has been obtained between this method and the more usual impedance tube method, which considers the amplitude component of sound pressure. The phase measurements, though, can be applied equally well to ducts of conical, rather than uniform, cross section, and require a relatively small length of duct in which to translate the probe (as little as 1/20 wavelength, for moderate reflectivities). Some preliminary measurements have been made in human ear canals. The eardrum reflection coefficients obtained in the 10- to 15-kHz range are between 0.6 and 0.85, somewhat higher than those obtained by other methods.
A Stabilizing Sleeve for the Nd:YAlG Laser (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. B. Chesler, "A Stabilizing Sleeve for the Nd:YAlG Laser," Appl. Opt. 9, 2190-2191 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Delay of Ejaculation Induced by SB-277011, a Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonist, in the Rat (2009)

As a whole, the present data demonstrate the specific and primary role of D(3) receptors in the expulsion phase of ejaculation and provide preclinical evidence for the investigation of the therapeutic potential of D(3) antagonism for treating premature ejaculation.