gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Brain Tumor Stem Cells with Oncolytic Adenoviruses (2011)

In 2004, brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) were isolated from surgical human malignant gliomas. This cancer cell population has been identified as the root for tumor initiation and resistance to therapies. Thus, it is imperative to develop new therapies that can eradicate this subpopulation to improve the prognosis of patients with brain tumors. Our group previously reported the antiglioma effect of the tumor-selective oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD that is now being tested in a phase I clinical trial for patients with malignant gliomas. We also showed that Delta-24-RGD infects, replicates in, and induces cell death in BTSCs. Interestingly, we observed that adenoviral-infected cells undergo autophagy and that autophagy-related cytoplasmic vacuolization might be part of the lysis process. Here, we summarize the materials and methods used in our study as follows: establishment of neurosphere cultures from surgical samples of human glioblastoma multiformes; assessment of stem cell markers; examination of adenoviral receptors in BTSCs; evaluation of the cytotoxicity induced by oncolytic adenoviruses; and assessment of autophagy in oncolytic adenovirus-infected BTSCs in vitro, and finally we describe a method to detect upregulation of the autophagy-related protein Atg5 in tumors treated with Delta-24-RGD.
Cationic long-chain ceramide LCL-30 induces cell death by mitochondrial targeting in SW403 cells (2006)

Ceramides are sphingolipid second messengers that are involved in the mediation of cell death. There is accumulating evidence that mitochondria play a central role in ceramide-derived toxicity. We designed a novel cationic long-chain ceramide [omega-pyridinium bromide D-erythro-C16-ceramide (LCL-30)] targeting negatively charged mitochondria. Our results show that LCL-30 is highly cytotoxic to SW403 cells (and other cancer cell lines) and preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, resulting in a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Ultrastructural analyses support the concept of mitochondrial selectivity. Interestingly, levels of endogenous mitochondrial C16-ceramide decreased by more than half, whereas levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate increased dramatically and selectively in mitochondria after administration of LCL-30, suggesting the presence of a mitochondrial sphingosine kinase. Of note, intracellular long-chain ceramide levels and sphingosine-1-phosphate remained unaffected in the cytosolic and extramitochondrial (nuclei/cellular membranes) cellular fractions. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of cotreatment of LCL-30 and doxorubicin was observed, which was not related to alterations in endogenous ceramide levels. Cationic long-chain pyridinium ceramides might be promising new drugs for cancer therapy through their mitochondrial preference.
Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation in Diets with a Low Concentration of Selenium on Mammary Gland Health of Dairy Cows (1997)

Sixty-six cows and heifers (Holsteins and Jerseys) were assigned to one of three treatments at 60 d before anticipated calving. Treatment 1 consisted of 100 IU/d of supplemental vitamin E during the dry period and 100 IU/d during the first 30 d of lactation. Treatment 2 was 1000 IU/d of vitamin E during the dry period and 500 IU/d during lactation. Treatment 3 was 1000 IU/d of vitamin E during the first 46 d of the dry period, 4000 IU/d during the last 14 d of the dry period, and 2000 IU/d during lactation. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol decreased at calving for cows fed dietary treatments with low or intermediate concentrations of vitamin E, but not for cows fed the high vitamin E treatment. High dietary vitamin E increased concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in blood neutrophils at parturition, but no difference was found for the other two treatments. The percentage of quarters with new infections at calving was not different (32.0%) between cows receiving treatments that contained low and intermediate concentrations of vitamin E but was reduced (11.8%) in cows receiving the high vitamin E treatment. Clinical mastitis affected 25.0, 16.7, and 2.6% of quarters during the first 7 d of lactation for cows receiving the low, intermediate, and high vitamin E treatments, respectively. Cows with plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol < 3.0 micrograms/ml at calving were 9.4 times more likely to have clinical mastitis during the first 7 d of lactation than were cows with plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol > 3.0 micrograms/ml.
An algorithm for adaptive refinement of triangular element meshes (1993)

Abstract A simple algorithm is developed for adaptive and automatic h refinement of two‐dimensional triangular finite element meshes. The algorithm is based on an element refinement ratio that can be calculated from an a posteriori error indicator. The element subdivision algorithm is robust and recursive. Smooth transition between large and small elements is achieved without significant degradation of the aspect ratio of the elements in the mesh. Several example problems are presented to illustrate the utility of the approach.
Glutathione in Cancer Cell Death (2011)

Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine; GSH) in cancer cells is particularly relevant in the regulation of carcinogenic mechanisms; sensitivity against cytotoxic drugs, ionizing radiations, and some cytokines; DNA synthesis; and cell proliferation and death. The intracellular thiol redox state (controlled by GSH) is one of the endogenous effectors involved in regulating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex and, in consequence, thiol oxidation can be a causal factor in the mitochondrion-based mechanism that leads to cell death. Nevertheless GSH depletion is a common feature not only of apoptosis but also of other types of cell death. Indeed rates of GSH synthesis and fluxes regulate its levels in cellular compartments, and potentially influence switches among different mechanisms of death. How changes in gene expression, post-translational modifications of proteins, and signaling cascades are implicated will be discussed. Furthermore, this review will finally analyze whether GSH depletion may facilitate cancer cell death under in vivo conditions, and how this can be applied to cancer therapy.
A quantitative approach to camera fixation (2002)

The quantitative aspects of camera fixation for a static scene are addressed. In general, when the camera undergoes translation and rotation, there is an infinite number of points that produce equal optical flow for any instantaneous point in time. Using a camera-centered spherical coordinate system, it is shown how to find these points in space. For the case where the rotation axis of the camera is perpendicular to the instantaneous translation vector, these points lie on cylinders. If the elevation component of the optical flow is set to zero then these points form a circle (called the equal flow circle or simply EFC) and a line, i.e. all points that lie on this circle or line are observed as having the same azimuthal optical flow. A special case of the EFCs is the zero flow circle (ZFC) where both components of the optical flow are equal to zero. A fixation point is the intersection of all the ZFCs. Points inside and outside the ZFC can be quantitatively mapped using the EFCs. It is shown how the concept of the EFC and ZFC can be used to explain the optical flow produced by points near the fixation point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 10-Gb/s (1.25 Gb/s×8)4×2 0.25-μm CMOS/SIMOX ATM switch based on scalable distributed arbitration (1999)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a scalable asynchronous transfer mode switch. We fabricated a 10-Gb/s 4/spl times/2 switch large-scale integration (LSI) that uses a new distributed contention control technique that allows the switch LSI to be expanded. The developed contention control is executed in a distributed manner at each switch LSI, and the contention control time does not depend on the number of connected switch LSI's. To increase the LSI throughput and reduce the power consumption, we used 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS/SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) technology, which enables us to make 221 pseudo-emitter-coupled-logic I/O pins with 1.25-Gb/s throughput. In addition, power consumption of 7 W is achieved by operating the CMOS/SIMOX gates at -2.0 V. This consumption is 36% less than that of bulk CMOS gates (11 W) at the same speed at -2.5 V. Using these switch LSI's, an 8/spl times/8 switching multichip module with 80-Gb/s throughput was fabricated with a compact size.
Chemical cleavage of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl peptide bonds via oxidative halogenation mediated by o-iodosobenzoic acid (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical cleavage of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl peptide bonds via oxidative halogenation mediated by o-iodosobenzoic acidAngelo Fontana, Daniele Dalzoppo, Claudio Grandi, and Marcello ZamboninCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 24, 6997–7004Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00527a034https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00527a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Towards Automatic Reconfiguration of Aviation Software Systems (2011)

The development of embedded systems is currently experiencing a fundamental shift towards integrating more and more heterogeneous system building blocks into ever more complex composite systems. The aviation industry is especially hit by this development and suffers from a number of additional challenges such as long system life-times that are often significantly longer than those of individual microprocessors and other embedded devices. Since aviation software development is still often driven by the ongoing integration of new hardware it is about time to focus on a better componentization of avionic software systems. The new software architecture proposed in this paper is not only more maintainable than existing systems, it also allows for a semi-automatic integration of new hardware devices based on an automatic configuration and adaptation mechanism. As a result, airplane manufactures will be able to significantly reduce the (down-) times required to integrate new software and therewith hardware into the cabin of an airliner.
Multi-Image Super-Resolution for Remote Sensing using Deep Recurrent Networks (2020)

High-resolution satellite imagery is critical for various earth observation applications related to environment monitoring, geoscience, forecasting, and land use analysis. However, the acquisition cost of such high-quality imagery due to the scarcity of providers and needs for high-frequency revisits restricts its accessibility in many fields. In this work, we present a data-driven, multi-image super resolution approach to alleviate these problems. Our approach is based on an end-to-end deep neural network that consists of an encoder, a fusion module, and a decoder. The encoder extracts co-registered highly efficient feature representations from low-resolution images of a scene. A Gated Re-current Unit (GRU)-based module acts as the fusion module, aggregating features into a combined representation. Finally, a decoder reconstructs the super-resolved image. The proposed model is evaluated on the PROBA-V dataset released in a recent competition held by the European Space Agency. Our results show that it performs among the top contenders and offers a new practical solution for real-world applications.
Preclinical memory decline in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E–ε4 homozygotes (1999)

Consistent with previous neuropsychological studies of early AD, this cross-sectional study suggests that age-related memory decline occurs earlier in cognitively healthy apoE-4 homozygotes than in apoE-4 heterozygotes and noncarriers, and precedes clinically detectable AD.
Immune Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms (1985)

Book Review| December 01 1985 Immune Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms Immune Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms. R. L. FENICHEL, M. A. CHIRIGOS. Marcel Dekker Inc.New York and Basel 1984 pp. 678, £99.50 R. M. COOK R. M. COOK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (6): 1257. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0131257a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. M. COOK; Immune Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1985; 13 (6): 1257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0131257a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Considerations Relative To The Selection Of Sub-Surface Safety Valves A Guide To The Options (1979)

Abstract This paper attempts to outline the principal criteria relevant to the selection of a surface controlled subsurface valve for a known application. Since the sub-surface safety valve is arguably the most important element of any completion, careful consideration should be given to its selection: this is especially true of an offshore installation since the safety the effective performance of this valve. The considerations and parameters discussed in this paper cover valve type and design options whilst keeping paper cover valve type and design options whilst keeping in mind constraints imposed by well conditions, production requirements and safety philosophies. Introduction The primary function of the downhole safety valve in a well is to contain that well in a safe condition in the event of a catastrophe, any other attributes must be considered as secondary. This philosophy must be rigorously applied not only to the selection of the valve itself, but also to ancillary items such as locking mandrels, landing nipples, service tools, control lines etc. Virtually all of the offshore operators and regulatory bodies around the world today specify the use of hydraulically actuated, surface-controlled sub-surface safety valves (SSSV) which in most cases interface with the platforms emergency shutdown system-the scope of this paper will therefore be confined to such surface controlled valves and furthermore is limited to discussion of valves which are currently in common use.
The Legality of Disassembly of Computer Programs, 12 Computer L.J. 1 (1993) (1993)

This article analyzes two very important decisions from federal Court of Appeal holding that disassembly of a computer program in the course of reverse engineering that program constitutes a fair use under the copyright laws, at least under many circumstances.The second of these decisions also holds that when there is no other way to gain access to a computer than to copy an "initialization" code into a program designed to run on that computer, then it is permissible to copy such initialization code, even if the result of the code is to cause a false trademark message to appear on the screen of the computer stating that the program is licensed by the manufacturer of the computer.These two decisions, Sega Enterprises Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc.' and Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America, Inc. 2 constitute part of what appears to be a growing trend in the courts to limit the scope of copyright protection for computer programs, particularly as it relates to "functional" aspects of programs.Both decisions recognize that computer programs, being inherently utilitarian works, are of a unique nature among copyrighted works and therefore require great care in drawing the line between protectable and unprotectable elements to ensure that underlying ideas and functions of the program are not protected.Although these decisions leave much latitude for disassembly of computer programs under the fair use doctrine, both decisions require that such disassembly be necessary to gain access to unprotected elements of the program.The decisions leave open uncertainty as to what circumstances render disassembly "necessary" and therefore lawful, and the Sega v. Accolade decision notes some specific examples of cir-
Distributed routing algorithm performance in hostile environments (2003)

The authors consider the problem of optimum shortest-path routing in a communications network consisting of multiple nodes and links located in a hostile environment. The robustness of the routing algorithm to node or link failures is of interest here. The type of environment suggests that use of distributed or noncentralized algorithms in which convergence of the network to the shortest-path routing tables is of primary concern. Two distributed routing algorithms (that of L.R. Ford, Jr., and D.R. Fulkerson, Flows in Networks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1962, and that of P.M. Merlin and S. Segall, IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. COM-27, 1280-7, Sept. 1979) are examined in terms of speed and overhead. Computer simulations measure algorithm performance in a simple network and also in a satellite shell network. Both algorithms discussed have advantages and disadvantages, but the Merlin and Segall algorithm is shown to provide exclusive freedom from packet looping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pancreatic oncofoetal antigen (POA): its frequency and localisation in humans. (1980)

Pancreatic oncofoetal antigen (POA) has been isolated by affinity chromatography and used to standardise an immunoassay. POA was detected in foetal serum and in 97% of sera from 75 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. Raised levels were also found in 16% of sera from 43 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in 3 of 156 patients with related conditions. Using an immunoperoxidase method, POA was regularly found in the foetal pancreas and in adult carcinoma of the pancreas. Weak staining was found in the foetal pancreas and in adult carcinoma of the pancreas. Weak staining was found in one carcinoma of the colon. Antisera from two other groups (Gelder and Moossa; Arndt and Thiele) react with the same antigenic moiety as does our anti-POA.
Advances in the identification and characterization of protective antigens for recombinant vaccines against tick infestations (2003)

Ticks are economically important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human pathogens. Current control methods for ticks, based primarily on the use of acaricides, have had limited efficacy in the reduction of tick infestations and the use of acaricides is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination. Development of improved vaccines against tick infestations offers a cost-effective and environmentally sound control method. Commercial vaccines currently marketed for control of cattle ticks have been effective in field studies when used in concert with integrated control strategies. However, new antigens are needed to increase the efficacy of tick vaccines. Although a limited number of protective antigens against tick infestations have been identified and characterized, discovery of new antigens remains the limiting step for improving the efficacy of tick vaccines. Recent technologies developed for gene discovery, including expression library immunization and evaluation of expressed sequence tags, show promise for rapid, systematic and global antigen screening and should provide a comprehensive approach to selection of candidate vaccine antigens. Design of future tick vaccines should target multiple tick species, as well as interfere with the transmission of pathogens.
S100A4 accelerates tumorigenesis and invasion of human prostate cancer through the transcriptional regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (2006)

We previously showed that the calcium-binding protein S100A4 is overexpressed during the progression of prostate cancer (CaP) in humans and in the TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) mouse model. We tested a hypothesis that the S100A4 gene plays a role in the invasiveness of human CaP and may be associated with its metastatic spread. We observed that siRNA-mediated suppression of the S100A4 gene significantly reduced the proliferative and invasive capability of the highly invasive CaP cells PC-3. We evaluated the mechanism through which the S100A4 gene controls invasiveness of cells by using a macroarray containing 96 well characterized metastatic genes. We found that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) were highly responsive to S100A4 gene suppression. Furthermore, S100A4 suppression significantly reduced the expression and proteolytic activity of MMP-9. By employing an MMP-9-promoter reporter, we observed a significant reduction in the transcriptional activation of the MMP-9 gene in S100A4-siRNA-transfected cells. Cells overexpressing the S100A4 gene (when transfected with pcDNA3.1-S100A4 plasmid) also significantly expressed MMP-9 and TIMP-1 genes with increased proteolytic activity of MMP-9 concomitant to increased transcriptional activation of the MMP-9 gene. S100A4-siRNA-transfected cells exhibited a reduced rate of tumor growth under in vivo conditions. Our data demonstrate that the S100A4 gene controls the invasive potential of human CaP cells through regulation of MMP-9 and that this association may contribute to metastasis of CaP cells. We suggest that S100A4 could be used as a biomarker for CaP progression and a novel therapeutic or chemopreventive target for human CaP treatment.
Variance propagation for SPECT with energy-weighted acquisition (1991)

The authors compare the noise characteristic of SPECT (single-photon-emission computed tomography) images which are reconstructed from data acquired by both EWA energy-weighted acquisition and normal windowed acquisition (NWA). The comparisons used are propagation of variance and measurement of the noise power spectrum (NPS). For a selected Tl-201 weighing function, the analytically predicted variance (neglecting covariance terms) was compared with the variance from experimental SPECT scans of a phantom. Reasonable agreement was observed between predicted and measured percent rms noise. The NPS for EWA was skewed slightly with respect to the NWA spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>