gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt electrospinning of poly‐(ethylene glycol‐block‐ϵ‐caprolactone) (2006)

Various block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) with molecular weights between 7000 and 26,900 g/mol were synthesized, and melt electrospun at temperatures between 60 degrees C and 90 degrees C. Two types of fibers were collected, including excellent quality fibers - highly coiled and continuous, with a constant diameter and relatively defect free. Such fibers, termed "solid fibers", were sufficiently cooled during their path between the spinneret and the collector that the symmetric fiber shape is maintained after landing on the collector. The second type of melt electrospun fiber were poor quality, large diameter fibers, flattened on the collector - termed "molten fibers". The solid and molten fibers were morphologically distinct from each other as determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using an SEM imaging method to assess the regional variations of collected electrospun material, we found the spinneret pump rate largely influenced the fiber quality. The polymer flow rate to the spinneret and the molecular weight of PEG-b-PCL had the greatest effect on the electrospun fibers collected, with an optimum rate of 0.05-0.1 mL/h for the highest molecular weight copolymers. The lowest molecular weight PEG-b-PCL tended to electrospray, while the material collected from higher molecular weight copolymers were conducive to fiber formation. The highest quality fibers were PEG-b-PCL block copolymers (22,000 and 26,900 g/mol) melt electrospun at temperatures of 85 degrees C and 90 degrees C, corresponding to shear viscosities of the polymer of between 28.1 and 39.4 Pa.S.
Zfp143 Regulates <i>Nanog</i> Through Modulation of Oct4 Binding (2008)

Identification of regulators governing the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells is crucial to the understanding of ES cell biology. We identified a zinc finger protein, Zfp143, as a novel regulator for self-renewal. Depletion of Zfp143 by RNA interference causes loss of self-renewal of ES cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays show the direct binding of Zfp143 to the Nanog proximal promoter. Knockdown of Zfp143 or mutation of the Zfp143 binding motif significantly downregulates Nanog proximal promoter activity. Importantly, enforced expression of Nanog is able to rescue the Zfp143 knockdown phenotype, indicating that Nanog is one of the key downstream effectors of Zfp143. More interestingly, we further show that Zfp143 regulates Nanog expression through modulation of Oct4 binding. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Zfp143 and Oct4 physically interact with each other. This interaction is important because Oct4 binding to the Nanog promoter is promoted by Zfp143. Our study reveals a novel regulator functionally important for the self-renewal of ES cells and provides new insights into the expanded regulatory circuitry that maintains ES cell pluripotency. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Conjoint analysis and virtual reality : a review (1998)

<p>This paper describes a review of an ongoing research project which aims to develop a conjoint analysis and virtual reality (CA&amp;VR) system as part of a design information system in virtual reality. The research project aims to develop a design system that can be used for interactive design and evaluation of design alternatives. A virtual environment model and dynamic virtual objects representing the different design aspects of interest can present a design. The different design aspects are called attributes. Each attribute level is a different state of the concerned virtual object. In the case of a virtual walk through a building design, the system can be viewed as a visual simulation of the environment. The CA&amp;VR system has the potential advantage that individualsi preferences can be measured indesigned hypothetical choice situations. As part of the ongoing research project, principles underlying the CA&amp;VR system will be illustrated by simple examples. The status of this research project, both in retrospect and in prospect will be described.</p>
Exposure of an arginine‐rich protein at surface of cells in S, G<sub>2</sub>, and M phases of the cell cycle (1975)

Phenylglyoxal (PG) is shown to be a cell surface probe specific for arginine moieties in protein: (1) It does not enter the cell as evidenced by lack of PG in the cytoplasm. (2) It does not cause excessive cell leakage as measured by release of 51Cr. (3) It reacts with positively-charged groups in proteins at the cell surface but not with those of phospholipids at the surface; since pronase removes PG from the surface, but phospholipase C does not. (4) Under the conditions used in these experiments, it reacts virtually exclusively with arginine moieties in protein (Freedman et al., '68; Takahashi, '68; Werber and Sokolovsky, '72). Synchronized cells were exposed to radioactive PG to assess quantity of arginine moieties in protein at the surface. There is a sharp decrease in arginine at the cell surface at entry into G1 phase from M and a 24-fold increase upon entry into S phase. There is a slight drop in exposed arginine in late S phase followed by an increase to 26 times the G1 level immediately prior to mitosis. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of tyrosine moieties in protein at the surface of synchronized cells shows a very gradual increase in protein as the cells move through the cycle and increase in size. Since the increase in arginine moieties in protein at the surface does not reflect a similar increase in total protein at the surface, an arginine-rich protein appears to be exposed at the cell surface during the division-related phases of the cell cycle.
Bioanalytical Assay Strategies for The Development of Antibody–Drug Conjugate Biotherapeutics (2013)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are monoclonal antibodies with covalently bound cytotoxic drugs. They are designed to target tumor antigens selectively and offer the hope of cancer treatment without the debilitating side-effects of conventional therapies. The concept of ADCs is not new; however, development of these therapeutics is challenging and only recently are promising clinical data emerging. These challenges include ADC bioanalysis, such as quantifying in serum/plasma for PK studies and strategies for assessing immunogenicity. ADCs have complex molecular structures incorporating large- and small-molecule characteristics and require diverse analytical methods, including ligand-binding assays and MS-based methods. ADCs are typically mixtures with a range of drug-to-antibody ratios. Biotransformations in vivo can lead to additional changes in drug-to-antibody ratios resulting in dynamically changing mixtures. Thus, a standard calibration curve consisting of the reference standard may not be appropriate for quantification of analytes in vivo and represents a unique challenge. This paper will share our perspective on why ADC bioanalysis is so complex and describe the strategies and rationale that we have used for ADCs, with highlights of original data from a variety of nonclinical and clinical case studies. Our strategy has involved novel protein structural characterization tools to help understand ADC biotransformations in vivo and use of the analyte knowledge gained to guide the development of quantitative bioanalytical assays.
Commonly Consumed Oral Herbal Supplements Do Not Influence Satellite Cell Activity (2004)

This study evaluated the ability of common herbal components in ergogenic dietary supplements to alter satellite cell activity in vitro. Herbal compounds studied were banaba leaf extract (1μg· ml−1, 10μg· ml−1, 100μg· ml−1, 1mg· ml−1), foenugreek seed extract (1μg· ml−1, 10μg· ml−1, 100μg· ml−1, 1mg· ml−1), andCystoseira canariensis extract (10pg· ml−1, 1ng· ml−1, 100ng· ml−1, 10μg· ml−1, 100μg· ml−1, 1mg· ml−1, 10mg· ml−1). Additionally, Ephedra sinenis extract andCitrus aurantium extract were reevaluated at lower levels (0.0000001%, 0.00001%, 0.001%). The effects of selected concentrations of these components were studied in combination with 0.1% creatine monohydrate, which we had previously determined possessed some capability to induce satellite cell differentiation. Ovine satellite cells were exposed to the four treatment levels of the herbal compounds for a specified amount of time and analyzed by counting mononucleated and multinucleated cells. None of the studied compounds, either alone or in combination with creatine monohydrate, altered satellite cell proliferation or differentiation over that of control cultures (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the ergogenic compounds examined do not directly influence satellite cell activityin vitro.
TigerSwitch: a case study in embedded computing system design (1994)

The paper describes and analyzes the design of TigerSwitch, a PC-based private branch exchange (PBX) designed at Princeton University. Building TigerSwitch required creating custom hardware and software designed to fit onto a standard IBM PC-compatible platform. The authors' design experience provides several lessons which they believe extend to other embedded design domains: the system architecture required to meet performance goals is often not isomorphic to the structure of the specification; system-level performance analysis is an essential part of system architecture design; architectural decisions must be made on the basis of estimates before complete implementations of the components are available; and most allocations of functions to software or custom hardware are obvious, while a few are very difficult. >
The impact of route familiarity on drivers' speeds, trajectories and risk perception (2016)

Differences in driving behavior due to the presence of users familiar/unfamiliar with the road are commonly considered in both road design (guidelines for road design) and traffic engineering (calculation of the equivalent traffic flow). However, although considered, the matter is largely unexplored: there is a lack of theoretical foundations and data on determining the impact of route familiarity on accident rates, speed choice and risk perception. On the other hand, some literature studies confirm that route familiarity is influential on driver behavior, mainly increasing inattention while driving, encouraging research in this sense. This paper reports the results of an on-road test carried out on a two lane rural road in the District of Bari in Puglia Region (Italy) over six days of testing, in order to find relationships between route familiarity, speed and trajectories selection, and risk perception. The particular schedule used for the tests allows to consider the influence of familiarity on the behavior of the test drivers. In particular, data were analyzed by considering the influence of road geometry and human factors.
An Autonomous Agent Based Incident Detection System for Cloud Environments (2011)

Classic intrusion detection mechanisms are not flexible enough to cope with cloud specific characteristics such as frequent infrastructure changes. This makes them unable to address new cloud specific security issues. In this paper we introduce the cloud incident detection system Security Audit as a Service (SAaaS). It is build upon intelligent autonomous agents, which are aware of underlying business flows of deployed cloud instances. Business flows are modelled in form of Security Service Level Agreements, which enable the SAaaS architecture to be flexible and to supported cross customer event monitoring of a cloud infrastructure. As contribution of this paper we provide a high-level design of the SAaaS architecture, an introduction into the concept of Security Service Level Agreements, a first prototype of an autonomous agent and an evaluation about, which cloud specific security problems are addressed by the presented architecture.
Hall-effect gyrators, isolators, and circulators with high efficiency (1963)

The realization of passive non-reciprocal Hall-effect transmission devices for frequencies up to 10 Mc is described. To increase the efficiency of the classic Hall generator, the author uses a Hall-element network with several control and load circuits. This design is discussed theoretically and the technological methods for making such plates are explained. Hall gyrators were constructed with an efficiency of η = 0.56. Hall isolators gave an efficiency up to η = 0.83 with a reverse loss between 50 and 85 db, and the Hall circulator attained an efficiency of η = 0.605 with a reverse loss of about 40 db. The bandwidth of transmission, within a drop of not more than 1 db, is about two powers of ten in the frequency range between 10 kc and 10 Mc.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Free and Bound Phenolic Acids from Native and Malted Finger Millet (Ragi, <i>Eleusine coracana</i> Indaf-15) (2002)

Free and bound phenolic acids were isolated from native and malted finger millet (ragi, Eleusine coracana Indaf-15), and their antioxidant properties were evaluated. Protocatechuic, gallic, and caffeic acids were found to be the major free phenolic acids. A 3-fold decrease was observed in protocatechuic acid content, whereas the decrease was marginal in the case of caffeic acid upon 96 h of malting. However, the contents of other free phenolic acids such as gallic, vanillic, coumaric, and ferulic acids increased. Ferulic, caffeic, and coumaric acids were found to be the major bound phenolic acids, and a 2-fold decrease was observed in their contents upon 96 h of malting. The antioxidant activity of a free phenolic acid mixture was found to be higher compared to that of a bound phenolic acid mixture. An increase in antioxidant activity coefficient was observed in the case of free phenolic acids from 770.0 +/- 7.8 to 1686.0 +/- 16.0, whereas the same was decreased from 570.0 +/- 6.0 to 448.0 +/- 4.5 in bound phenolic acids upon 96 h of malting. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of phenolic acids changes during the malting of ragi.
Induction of an IFN-Mediated Antiviral Response by a Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccine: Implications for Vaccine Design (2017)

RNA-based vaccines have recently emerged as a promising alternative to the use of DNA-based and viral vector vaccines, in part because of the potential to simplify how vaccines are made and facilitate a rapid response to newly emerging infections. SAM vaccines are based on engineered self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) replicons encoding an Ag, and formulated with a synthetic delivery system, and they induce broad-based immune responses in preclinical animal models. In our study, in vivo imaging shows that after the immunization, SAM Ag expression has an initial gradual increase. Gene expression profiling in injection-site tissues from mice immunized with SAM-based vaccine revealed an early and robust induction of type I IFN and IFN-stimulated responses at the site of injection, concurrent with the preliminary reduced SAM Ag expression. This SAM vaccine-induced type I IFN response has the potential to provide an adjuvant effect on vaccine potency, or, conversely, it might establish a temporary state that limits the initial SAM-encoded Ag expression. To determine the role of the early type I IFN response, SAM vaccines were evaluated in IFN receptor knockout mice. Our data indicate that minimizing the early type I IFN responses may be a useful strategy to increase primary SAM expression and the resulting vaccine potency. RNA sequence modification, delivery optimization, or concurrent use of appropriate compounds might be some of the strategies to finalize this aim.
Influence of the nature of an electric field applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy AA6111 on subsequent natural aging (2011)

Abstract The effect of a “non-contacting” electric field (Method A) applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al – Mg – Si – Cu alloy AA6111 on subsequent natural aging measured by resistivity was determined and compared with that without field and with a field in which the specimen is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply (Method B(+)). Method A gave an increase in the level of the aging curve compared to that without field, but the increase was less than that with Method B(+). Neither field method had an effect on the general form of the aging curve, which was in accord with the Avrami equation with n = 0.49 and k = 0.02. The maximum resistivity for natural aging increased linearly with the as-quenched resistivity for the range in solutionizing temperatures (475 – 550 °C) without and with an electric field (0.2 and 2.5 kV cm −1 ) considered. This relationship gave: (a) the magnitude of the contribution of the insoluble constituents to the resistivity and (b) the ratio of the resistivity due to clusters of solutes formed during natural aging to that due to the as-quenched solute distribution. An electric charge on vacancy – solute atom clusters appears to be an important factor in the influence of an applied electric field on solubility.
Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater by Sonolysis, Photocatalysis and Ozonation (2018)

<p>Three different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were applied to investigate the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) i.e. sulfamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in synthetically prepared solutions. The degradation of these substances was carried out by ozonation, sonolysis and photocatalytic oxidation, as well as by different combinations of these processes. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the removal efficiency in each AOP and to assess the performance variation of sonolysis in combination with other AOPs. The best performances were achieved by sonocatalysis, which resulted in the removal of the selected pharmaceuticals in the range between 37% and 47%. Under similar experimental conditions, the removal of the selected ECs by single compounds by ozonation was slightly lower than the removal of respective compounds in the mixture. Moreover, pseudo first-order removal rate constants of photocatalytic mineralization were determined as 9.33×10-2, 4.90×10-3, 1.06×10-2 min-1 for SMX, DCF and CBZ, respectively.</p>
Real-world outcomes of immunotherapy–based regimens in first-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer (2021)

Survival estimates were generally lower than those reported in pivotal clinical trials. These findings indicate that there remains room for improvement of real-world survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC who receive 1L I-O-based regimens and for identification of subgroups of patients not benefitting from treatment with current I-O regimens.
A study of the mechanical behavior of particle filled elastomers (1999)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Atomic structure of three-layer Au/Pd nanoparticles revealed by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (2008)

The study of nanomaterials can be greatly improved with the use of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which provides image resolutions at the level of 1 Å and lower. Sub-Ångström image resolution can yield a new level of understanding of the behavior of matter at the nanoscale. For example, bimetallic nanoparticles are extremely important in catalysis applications; the addition of a second metal in many cases produces much-improved catalysts. In this paper, we study the structure and morphology of Au/Pd bimetallic particles using primarily the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging mode in an aberration-corrected STEM/TEM. It is well established that, when recorded under appropriate illumination and collection geometries, incoherent HAADF-STEM images are compositionally sensitive and provide direct information on atomic positions. We matched the experimental intensities of atomic columns with theoretical models of three-layer Au/Pd nanoparticles, in different orientations. Our findings indicate that the surface layer of the nanoparticle contains kinks, terraces and steps at the nanoscale. The effect of adding a second metal induces the formation of such defects, which might very likely promote the well-known improved catalytic activity of this system.
Adsorption of lead and copper on modified polyacrylonitrile bead (2001)

Porous sorbents were prepared from copolymer of acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate-2-acrylamidomethylpropensulfonic acid and copolymer of acrylonitrile with vinylimidazol. The sorbent obtained from the former copolymer was modified with hydroxylamine, sodium hydroxide, and hydrazinehydrochloride under optimal conditions to obtain amidooxyme, carboxylic, and hydrazide groups. These functional groups introduced in the modified sorbent and the imidazol group in the sorbent of acrylonitrile and vinylimidazol showed high ability to form complexes with heavy metals. The adsorption properties of the porous chelate-forming sorbents obtained were studied with Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. The order of the polymer sorbents toward sorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions was determined. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 283–288, 2001
Multivariate determination of glucose using NIR spectra of human blood serum (2002)

Multivariate statistical modeling methods have been applied to near-infrared (NIR) spectral data to discriminate glucose concentrations. Specifically, performance levels are compared for principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models based on their standard errors of prediction (SEP). NIR spectra of blood serum from 456 individual hospitalized patients were generated using a NIRSystems 6500 spectrophotometer in 2 nm intervals from 400 to 1098 nm. Only the data between 870 and 1098 nm were used for calibration model development and validation. Performance results for the PLSR model (SEP=29.577 mg/dl) were about the same as that obtained with the PCR model (SEP=28.881 mg/dl).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>