gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The regulation of the murine<i>Hox-2.5</i>gene expression during cell differentiation (1992)

The mouse Hox-2.5 gene containing a Drosophila Antennapedia-type homeobox sequence is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during embryogenesis. We found that the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 expresses Hox-2.5 during differentiation by the treatment with retinoic acid (RA). Expression of the Hox-2.5 gene was not detected in undifferentiated P19 cells, but detected 72 hours after treatment with RA. In order to analyze this inductive response, we first identified the Hox-2.5 transcription initiation site and a possible promoter region. Subsequently, we prepared constructs containing various Hox-2.5 DNA fragments fused to a firefly luciferase reporter gene and transfected these into undifferentiated or differentiating P19 cells. These studies have demonstrated that a region -279 to +15 with respect to the transcription initiation site has a differentiation-responsive promoter activity. Deletion analysis suggests that the sequences responsible for this induction are located in several distinct domains within the 294 bp promoter region. Two of the possible differentiation-responsive elements were identified by analysis of DNA-protein interactions, and in vivo competition assays lend support to the notion that these regions are involved in the differential expression of Hox-2.5 promoter activity.
Hepatitis C Virus: Biological and Clinical Consequences of Genetic Heterogeneity (1996)

Hepatitis C Virus infection accounts for the majority of post-transfusion and sporadic hepatitis. In Western Europe, anti-HCV is detected in 0.4-1.5% of healthy blood donors. There is a high frequency of progressive chronic hepatitis, ranging from 50 to 80%, which leads to cirrhosis in 20-50% of patients after 10-20 years. Viremic patients with minimal biochemical abnormalities may have chronic liver disease histologically. There is growing evidence that virological features of HCV are associated with different clinical manifestations and response to therapy. The RNA genome consists of a 5' and 3' Untranslated Region, a structural domain encoding the core and envelope proteins, and a non-structural domain. Different HCV isolates show a high sequence heterogeneity, which has led to the classification of currently six genotypes and several subtypes. There is a marked difference in the geographic distribution of HCV genotypes, with types 1, 2 and 3a being most frequently found in western countries. In The Netherlands, subtype 1b accounts for approximately 60% of all cases of chronic HCV. Serologic diagnosis based on recombinant C-100 antigens (first generation immunoassays) only reliably detected type 1, due to the heterogeneity of the NS4 region; inclusion of more conserved proteins c22 and c33 (second generation assays) has largely improved sensitivity of anti-HCV testing. Genotype 1b is associated with more severe liver disease and with lower response rates for antiviral therapy, compared with types 2 and 3. Quasispecies nature and escape mutants may enable viral persistence and the development of chronic liver disease. As cross-reactivity between genotypes is unlikely, prevention of HCV disease may be dependent on the development of multivalent vaccines.
Multiples Waveform Inversion (2013)

To increase the illumination of the subsurface and to eliminate the dependency of FWI on the source wavelet, we propose multiples waveform inversion (MWI) that transforms each hydrophone into a virtual point source with a time history equal to that of the recorded data. These virtual sources are used to numerically generate downgoing wavefields that are correlated with the backprojected surface-related multiples to give the migration image. Since the recorded data are treated as the virtual sources, knowledge of the source wavelet is not required, and the subsurface illumination is greatly enhanced because the entire free surface acts as an extended source compared to the radiation pattern of a traditional point source. Numerical tests on the Marmousi2 model show that the convergence rate and the spatial resolution of MWI is, respectively, faster and more accurate then FWI. The potential pitfall with this method is that the multiples undergo more than one roundtrip to the surface, which increases attenuation and reduces spatial resolution. This can lead to less resolved tomograms compared to conventional FWI. The possible solution is to combine both FWI and MWI in inverting for the subsurface velocity distribution.
CloudNet: A Platform for Optimized WAN Migration of Virtual Machines (2010)

Cloud computing platforms are growing from clusters of machines within a data center to networks of data centers with resources spread across the globe. Virtual machine migration within the LAN has changed the scale of resource management from allocating resources on a single server to manipulating pools of resources within a data center. We expect WAN migration to likewise transform the scope of provisioning from a single data center to multiple data centers spread across the country or around the world. In this paper we propose a cloud computing platform linked with a VPN based network infrastructure that provides seamless connectivity between enterprise and data center sites, as well as support for live WAN migration of virtual machines. We describe a set of optimizations that minimize the cost of transferring persistent storage and moving virtual machine memory during migrations over low bandwidth, high latency Internet links. Our evaluation on both a local testbed and across two real data centers demonstrates that these improvements can reduce total migration and pause time by over 30%. During simultaneous migrations of four VMs between Texas and Illinois, CloudNet’s optimizations reduce memory migration time by 65 % and lower bandwidth consumption for the storage and memory transfer by 20GB, a 57 % reduction. 1
Phosphorimetry (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorimetryR. J. Keirs, R. D. Britt, and W. E. WentworthCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 2, 202–209Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60122a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60122a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TCP-ROME: A transport-layer parallel streaming protocol for real-time online multimedia environments (2011)

Real-time multimedia streaming over the Internet is rapidly increasing with the popularity of user-created contents, Web 2.0 trends, and P2P (peer-to-peer) delivery support. While many homes today are broadband-enabled, the quality of experience (QoE) of a user is still limited due to frequent interruption of media playout. The vulnerability of TCP (transmission control protocol), the popular transport-layer protocol for streaming in practice, to the packet losses, retransmissions, and timeouts makes it hard to deliver a timely and persistent flow of packets for online multimedia contents. This paper presents TCP-real-time online multimedia environment (ROME), a novel transport-layer framework that allows the establishment and coordination of multiple many-to-one TCP connections. Between one client with multiple home addresses and multiple co-located or distributed servers, TCP-ROME increases the total throughput by aggregating the re- sources of multiple TCP connections. It also overcomes the band- width fluctuations of network bottlenecks by dynamically coordinating the streams of contents from multiple servers and by adapting the streaming rate of all connections to match the bandwidth requirement of the target video.
Induction of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I and II mediated DNA cleavage by saintopin, a new antitumor agent from fungus (1991)

Saintopin is an antitumor antibiotic recently discovered in mechanistically oriented screening using purified calf thymus DNA topoisomerases. Saintopin induced topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage comparable to that of camptothecin, and topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage equipotent to those of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) or 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (VP-16). Treatment of a reaction mixture containing saintopin and topoisomerase I or II with either elevated temperature (65 degrees C) or higher salt concentration (0.5 M NaCl) resulted in a substantial reduction in DNA cleavage, suggesting that the topoisomerase I and II mediated DNA cleavage induced by saintopin is through the mechanism of stabilizing the reversible enzyme-DNA "cleavable complex". Consistent with the cleavable complex formation with both topoisomerases, saintopin inhibited catalytic activities of both topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II. The DNA cleavage intensity pattern induced by saintopin with topoisomerase I was different from that by camptothecin. A difference in cleavage pattern was also detected between saintopin and m-AMSA or VP-16 in topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage. DNA unwinding assay using T4 DNA ligase showed that saintopin is a weak DNA intercalator like m-AMSA. Thus, saintopin represents a new class of antitumor agent that can induce both mammalian DNA topoisomerase I and mammalian DNA topisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage.
RF substrate noise characterization for CMOS 0.18 μm (2005)

In the submicron technologies, RF noise isolation is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, investigations of the on-chip RF isolation techniques were carried out. The chosen isolation structures were the deep nwell (or triple well isolation) and the P+ guard ring. The test structures were designed and fabricated using Silterra CMOS 0.18 /spl mu/m mixed signal process. The design parameter investigated was the distance between the isolation ring and the output terminal (S/sub out/) in which the substrate coupling effects with and without deep nwell were characterized.
Temperature dependence and current transport mechanisms in AlxGa1−xN Schottky rectifiers (2000)

GaN and Al0.25Ga0.75N lateral Schottky rectifiers were fabricated either with (GaN) or without (AlGaN) edge termination. The reverse breakdown voltage VB (3.1 kV for GaN; 4.3 kV for AlGaN) displayed a negative temperature coefficient of −6.0±0.4 V K−1 for both types of rectifiers. The reverse current originated from contact periphery leakage at moderate bias, while the forward turn-on voltage at a current density of 100 A cm−2 was ∼5 V for GaN and ∼7.5 V for AlGaN. The on-state resistances, RON, were 50 mΩ cm2 for GaN and 75 mΩ cm2 for AlGaN, producing figures-of-merit (VRB)2/RON of 192 and 246 MW cm−2, respectively. The activation energy of the reverse leakage was 0.13 eV at moderate bias.
Comparison of Lambdoid Suture Closure by X-Ray and CT scan in Two States of India (2011)

In the present study, herewith comparison is done for closure of squamous suture of skull of living individuals from Punjab and Rajasthan. The cases studied in Punjab are 100 individuals between the age group of 45 years to 70 years with age interval of five years and twenty cases from each age group were studied who were CT scanned for closure of squamous suture at Rajindra Hospital Patiala (Punjab). In Rajasthan (SMS Hospital Jaipur), X-ray examination of 100 individuals was done having age group 40 years to 70 years with age interval of ten years in male and female separately for squamous suture closure and accordingly the squamous suture is divided into 2 parts-(1) Upper half(½), (2)Lower half (½). In both studies, squamous suture is studied ectocranially. It is seen that endocranially suture closure will not give reliable results and sometimes endocranially sutures remain unfused for whole life. No differences in right or left side of squamous suture have been reported by Todd and Lyon. Occasionally there is considerable sclerosis and condensation along the various sutures, particularly sagittal, squamous and coronal suture.
Use of statistical timing analysis on real designs (2007)

A vast literature has been published on statistical static timing analysis (SSTA), its motivations, its different implementations and their runtime/accuracy trade-offs. However, very limited literature exists on the applicability and the usage models of this new technology on real designs. This work focuses on the use of SSTA in real designs and its practical benefits and limitations over the traditional design flow. The authors introduce two new metrics to drive the optimization: skew criticality and aggregate sensitivity. Practical benefits of SSTA are demonstrated for clock tree analysis, and correct modeling of on-chip-variations. The use of SSTA to cover the traditional corner analysis and to drive optimization is also discussed. Results are reported on three designs implemented on a 90nm technology
Changes in renal function associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats (1994)

We measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by plasma disappearance of 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), creatinine, and urea nitrogen, and urine specific gravity in 13 cats with naturally acquired hyperthyroidism before and 30 days after treatment by bilateral thyroidectomy, and in a group of 11 control cats. Mean (+/- SD) serum T4 concentration decreased from a pretreatment value of 120.46 (+/- 39.21) nmol/L to a posttreatment value of 12.15 (+/- 6.26) nmol/L (P < 0.0001; reference range, 10 to 48 nmol/L). Treatment of hyperthyroidism resulted in a decrease in mean (+/- SD) glomerular filtration rate, from 2.51 (+/- 0.69) ml/kg of body weight/min to a posttreatment value of 1.40 (+/- 0.41) ml/kg/min (P < 0.0001). Mean serum creatinine concentration increased from 1.26 (+/- 0.34) mg/dl to 2.05 (+/- 0.60) mg/dl (P < 0.01). Mean serum urea nitrogen concentration increased from 26.62 (+/- 6.83) mg/dl to a mean postthyroidectomy concentration of 34.92 (+/- 8.95) mg/dl (P < 0.01). All changes were significant. Two cats developed overt renal azotemia after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Our results provide further evidence that treatment of hyperthyroidism can result in impaired renal function. In addition, our results suggest that, in some instances, thyrotoxicosis might mask underlying chronic renal insufficiency.
Characterization and Stability Study of Polysorbate 20 in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Formulation by Multidimensional Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Charged Aerosol Detection–Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Polysorbate 20 is a nonionic surfactant commonly used in the formulation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to prevent protein denaturation and aggregation. It is critical to understand the molecular heterogeneity and stability of polysorbate 20 in mAb formulations as polysorbate can gradually degrade in aqueous solution over time by multiple pathways losing surfactant functions and leading to protein aggregation. The molecular heterogeneity of polysorbate and the interference from proteins and the excipient in the formulation matrix make it a challenge to study polysorbate in protein formulations. In this work, the characterization and stability study of polysorbate 20 in the presence of mAb formulation sample matrix is first reported using two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) coupled with charged aerosol detection (CAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. A mixed-mode column that has both anion-exchange and reversed-phase properties was used in the first dimension to separate protein and polysorbate in the formulation sample, while polysorbate 20 esters were trapped online and then analyzed using an reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) column in the second dimension to further separate the ester species. The MS served as the third dimension to further resolve as well as to identify the polysorbate ester subspecies. Another 2DLC method using a cation-exchange column in the first dimension and the same RP-UHPLC method in the second dimension was developed to analyze the degradation products of polysorbate 20. Stability samples of a protein drug product were studied using these two 2DLC-CAD-MS methods to separate, identify, and quantify the multiple ester species in polysorbate 20 and also to monitor the change of their corresponding degradants. We found different polysorbate esters degrade at different rates, and importantly, the degradation rates for some esters are different in the protein formulation compared to a placebo that has no protein. The multidimensional UHPLC-CAD-MS approach provides insights into the heterogeneous stability behaviors of polysorbate 20 subspecies in real-time stability samples of a mAb formulation.
Dual SAW sensor technique for determining mass and modulus changes in thin silicate films during gas adsorption (2000)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, which are sensitive to a variety of surface changes, have been widely used for chemical and physical sensing. The ability to control or compensate for the many surface forces has been instrumental in collecting valid data. In cases where it is not possible to neglect certain effects, such as frequency drift with temperature, methods such as the dual sensor technique have been utilized. This paper describes a novel use of a dual sensor technique, using two sensor materials, Quartz and GaAs, to separate out the contributions of mass and modulus of the frequency change during gas adsorption experiments. The large modulus change in the film calculated using this technique, and predicted by the Gassmann equation, provide a greater understanding of the challenges of SAW sensing.
Thermal breakdown in MgO single crystals at high temperatures (1977)

Electric conductivities of pure MgO single crystals were measured in air at voltages of 6, 12, and 22.5 volts. Measurements were made on samples as received, after a 100 hour anneal at 1373K and after a 1000 V/cm applied field for 20 hours at 1473K. Results of electron microscopy indicate that (1) initial decrease in conductivity with application of a moderate electric field is probably related to reduction of trivalent impurities, (2) the conductivity after reduction is in part due to sub-grain boundary structure, and (3) changes in the sub-grain boundaries are correlated with the increased current flow. (SDF)
Elevated retinal zeaxanthin and prevention of light-induced photoreceptor cell death in quail. (2002)

Retinal zeaxanthin dose dependently reduced light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis; elevated serum levels did not. These data provide the first experimental evidence that xanthophyll carotenoids protect photoreceptors in vivo.
Personal and Professional Development: Becoming an Inclusive Practitioner (2015)

This paper explores social justice and inclusion in education from a Scottish perspective. It highlights the teacher's role in creating an inclusive learning environment and identifies implications for learning arising from this. Inclusion is a priority in Scottish education, with the aim for every child to feel valued, safe and respected. The literature shows the positive impact of this upon achievement for both pupils with and without significant learning difficulties. I adapted and reflected upon my own practice in regards to its inclusiveness and impact upon children's learning in order to make learning accessible to every pupil and raise achievement. In conclusion, the positive impact of inclusion on achievement and learning was significant and is something I aspire to in my future practice. However, the implications of inclusion for pupils with significant learning difficulties in mainstream education and the direct impact upon specific achievements remain unresolved. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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International humanitarian assistance to Myanmar : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2008)

Myanmar is a country with many complex political and humanitarian issues. While it is rich in natural resources, it remains one of the poorest and most undemocratic countries in Asia. It has a history of ethnic and political division and many of the antagonists are still to find lasting reconciliation. Myanmar has been controlled by military juntas and former army generals since a coup in 1962. The focus of the regime is security and the preservation of its position as the ruling elite, at the expense of democracy and the humanitarian needs of the general population. The international response to the humanitarian plight of the Myanmar people has been mixed and the provision of international aid to Myanmar has become a highly contentious issue.\nThis thesis seeks to critically examine international aid to Myanmar so as to determine whether under present conditions humanitarian assistance should, and can, be effectively provided to the country. In doing so recent theories relating to humanitarian assistance and intervention are reviewed and the historical and political circumstances that have influenced the humanitarian situation in Myanmar are explored. A description of the current humanitarian situation and levels of international assistance is provided, and donor, practitioner and activist perspectives on international assistance are determined.\nThe results of this study show that Myanmar has serious humanitarian needs. Despite being a difficult environment in which to operate, with complex political problems, it is still possible to conduct effective programmes in the country. Existing programmes do not reach all those in need, nor do current programmes address many of the core problems. International assistance does help fill the gap left largely unattended by the junta. Any lasting political solution requires the participation of all stakeholders in the country, especially the military. As the junta is unlikely to relinquish political control, regardless of pressure levelled against the senior generals, the need for ongoing international aid remains obvious. When all the considerations about providing aid to Myanmar are taken into account, it is apparent from this research that the conditions are serious enough to justify that there is a humanitarian imperative to help, and that there are sound opportunities to do so.