gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography: An Overview (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography: An OverviewTimothy J. McCarthy , Sally W. Schwarz , and Michael J. Welch Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 10, 830Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1994Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ed071p830RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Smart wormlike micelles (2013)

A major scientific challenge of the past decade pertaining to the field of soft matter has been to craft 'adaptable' materials, inspired by nature, which can dynamically alter their structure and functionality on demand, in response to triggers produced by environmental changes. Amongst these, 'smart' surfactant wormlike micelles, responsive to external stimuli, are a particularly recent area of development, yet highly promising, given the versatility of the materials but simplicity of the design-relying on small amphiphilic molecules and their spontaneous self-assembly. The switching 'on' and 'off' of the micellar assembly structures has been reported using electrical, optical, thermal or pH triggers and is now envisaged for multiple stimuli. The structural changes, in turn, can induce major variations in the macroscopic characteristics, affecting properties such as viscosity and elasticity and sometimes even leading to a spontaneous and effective 'sol-gel' transition. These original smart materials based on wormlike micelles have been successfully used in the oil industry, and offer a significant potential in a wide range of other technological applications, including biomedicine, cleaning processes, drag reduction, template synthesis, to name but a few. This review will report results in this field published over the last few years, describe the potential and practical applications of stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles and point out future challenges.
OR Forum—President's Symposium: A Perspective on the Future of Operations Research (1987)

Will operations research be “the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever?” (Hebrews 13:8). Taking the past success of OR as their point of departure, these comments view its future as hinging on aspects of professionalism: identification, standards of quality, outreach to new areas of social concern, and a critical study of its own work and approaches.
Review: New direct-acting antivirals in the development for hepatitis C virus infection (2010)

A large number of new therapies are in development for chronic hepatitis C including direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAA), which target specific hepatitis C virus enzymes. Two of these compounds have already advanced into phase 3 development in the USA and EU, and many more are in phase 2 trials and likely to advance. In this review, the results of recent studies on ribavirin analogues, nonstructural (NS) 3/4 serine protease inhibitors, NS5B polymerase inhibitors, cyclophilin inhibitors, silimarin components, and thiazolides have been updated. Each compound includes a brief summary of its proposed mechanism of action, results of early clinical trials, and more advanced trial data where available. These compounds are likely to be the first approved in the USA and EU and will initially be used in combination with the current standard of care. It is possible that future treatment paradigms with these agents will offer the potential of interferon-free regimens. It is most likely that patients for these new therapies will be selected carefully by identifying and treating first those who have excellent sustained virologic response rates with 24 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, the current standard of care. It is also likely that there will be a need to identify those patients who are not likely to have a sustained virologic response with the addition of a protease inhibitor to the current standard of care and delaying their therapy until combination viral suppression therapy becomes an option. The cost and side effects of the DAA will be important considerations for treating physicians. This review is current through 2009; however, data are rapidly changing.
A 128 x 128 pixel 120-db dynamic-range vision-sensor chip for image contrast and orientation extraction (2003)

A vision sensor for low-cost, fast, and robust vision systems is described. The sensor includes an on-chip analog computation of contrast magnitude and direction of image features. A temporal ordering of this information according to the contrast magnitude is used to reduce the amount of data delivered. This sensor, realized in a 0.5-μm two-poly three-metal technology, features a contrast sensitivity of 2%, a contrast direction precision of ±3°, and an illumination dynamic range of 120 dB. Applications with uncontrolled lighting conditions are ideal for this sensor.
Automated firearms evidence comparison using the Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS) (1999)

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) laboratories are applying the new technology of computerized image analysis for the identification of bullets and cartridge casings recovered in open cases, and to a database of test fired weapons. The Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS) accomplishes these comparisons in minutes. The networking of remote Data Acquisition Stations (DAS) can build a regional firearms evidence databases, making the IBIS a powerful resource for the investigation of violent firearm crimes from multiple jurisdictions.
Vinylformamide-based cationic polymers as retention aids in alkaline papermaking (2003)

With papermaking processes shifting from acidic to alkaline conditions, researchers are studying methods to improve sizing under alkaline conditions, including the use of novel retention aids. In this study, vinylformamide-based cationic polymers were synthesized and were characterized with GPC and polyelectrolyte titration. The polymers were then used as retention aids for rosin size under alkaline conditions.The polymers showed great potential as retention aids, with the performance of each being relative to the chemical structure of its cationic portion and its molecular weight. Furthermore, the characterization of the retention behavior by SEM and ESCA revealed that the polymer molecules could physically form a special structure with rosin size particles so that the rosin size particles would still be stable under alkaline conditions.
Preparation and functional properties of soy hull pectin (2001)

Abstract Soy hulls (400 g), a co‐product of the soybean processing industry, were used as a source of pectin which was extracted by0.05 N hydrochloric acid and precipitated with alcohol. The effect of various ratios of hull to extraction solvent (1∶10, 1∶15, 1∶20, and 1∶25) on the yield and purity of soy hull pectin was measured. The soy hull pectin extracts contained 63.07 to 68.72% galacturonic acid at various hull/solvent ratios. The pectin yield increased from 7.68 to 13.73% as the hull/solvent ratio increased from 1∶10 to 1∶15. Changes in pectin yield for higher hull/solvent ratio were insignificant (16.31–13.28% for 1∶20–1∶25 ratio, respectively). The hull/extraction solvent ratio did not significantly affect the pectin content and degree of esterification. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of soy hull pectin revealed a similar surface structure to commercial‐and analytical‐grade pectins. The solubility of soy hull pectins was independent of solvent extraction ratios and pH. Rheology studies showed that pectin solution viscosity increased as the ratio of extraction solvent to hull decreased.
Homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 thin films by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (2016)

This paper presents the homoepitaxial growth of phase pure (010) β-Ga2O3 thin films on (010) β-Ga2O3 substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The effects of growth temperature on the surface morphology and crystal quality of the thin films were systematically investigated. The thin films were synthesized using high purity metallic gallium (Ga) and oxygen (O2) as precursors for gallium and oxygen, respectively. The surface morphology and structural properties of the thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Material characterization indicates the growth temperature played an important role in controlling both surface morphology and crystal quality of the β-Ga2O3 thin films. The smallest root-mean-square surface roughness of ∼7 nm was for thin films grown at a temperature of 950 °C, whereas the highest growth rate (∼1.3 μm/h) with a fixed oxygen flow rate was obtained for the epitaxial layers grown at 850 °C.
Voxel-based 3D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation: Unsupervised Geometric and Relationship Featuring vs Deep Learning Methods (2019)

Automation in point cloud data processing is central in knowledge discovery within decision-making systems. The definition of relevant features is often key for segmentation and classification, with automated workflows presenting the main challenges. In this paper, we propose a voxel-based feature engineering that better characterize point clusters and provide strong support to supervised or unsupervised classification. We provide different feature generalization levels to permit interoperable frameworks. First, we recommend a shape-based feature set (SF1) that only leverages the raw X, Y, Z attributes of any point cloud. Afterwards, we derive relationship and topology between voxel entities to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) structural connectivity feature set (SF2). Finally, we provide a knowledge-based decision tree to permit infrastructure-related classification. We study SF1/SF2 synergy on a new semantic segmentation framework for the constitution of a higher semantic representation of point clouds in relevant clusters. Finally, we benchmark the approach against novel and best-performing deep-learning methods while using the full S3DIS dataset. We highlight good performances, easy-integration, and high F1-score (> 85%) for planar-dominant classes that are comparable to state-of-the-art deep learning.
Fabrication of Diverse Metallic Nanowire Arrays Based on Block Copolymer Self-Assembly (2010)

Metallic nanowires are useful for fabricating highly integrated nanoscale electrical, magnetic, and photonic devices. However, conventional methods based on bottom-up growth techniques are subject to concerns such as broad distributions in their dimension as well and difficulties in precise placement of the nanowires. These issues can be solved by the guided self-assembly of block copolymer thin films that can produce periodic arrays of monodisperse nanoscale features with excellent positional accuracy. Here, we report transfer of high-quality linear block copolymer patterns into various metals, Ti, W, Pt, Co, Ni, Ta, Au, and Al, to fabricate highly ordered nanowire arrays with widths down to 9 nm. This novel patterning process does not require specific film deposition techniques or etch-chemistries. We also describe their structural, magnetic, and electrical properties.
<sup>111</sup>In-Labeled Nonspecific Immunoglobulin Scanning in the Detection of Focal Infection (1989)

We performed radionuclide scanning after the intravenous injection of human IgG labeled with indium-111 in 128 patients with suspected focal sites of inflammation. Localization of 111In-labeled IgG correlated with clinical findings in 51 infected patients (21 with abdominal or pelvic infections, 11 with intravascular infections, 7 with pulmonary infections, and 12 with skeletal infections). Infecting organisms included gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Pneumocystis carinii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. No focal localization of 111In-labeled IgG was observed in 63 patients without infection. There were five false negative results, and nine results were unusable. Serial scans were carried out in eight patients: continued localization correctly predicted relapse in six, and the absence of localization indicated resolution in two. To determine whether 111In-labeled IgG localization was specific for inflammation, we studied 16 patients with cancer. Focal localization occurred in 13 of these patients (5 with melanomas, 5 with gynecologic cancers, and 1 each with lymphoma, prostate cancer, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma). No localization was seen in patients with renal or colon cancer or metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. We conclude that 111In-labeled IgG imaging is effective for the detection of focal infection and that serial scans may be useful in assessing therapeutic efficacy. This technique may also be helpful in the evaluation of certain cancers.
Input-Current Distortion of CCM Boost PFC Converters Operated in DCM (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> When power-factor correction (PFC) converters designed for operation in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) at full power are operated at reduced load, operation in discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) occurs in a zone that is close to the crossover of the line voltage. This zone will gradually expand with decreasing load to finally encompass the entire line cycle. Whereas, in CCM, the parasitic capacitances of the switches only cause switching losses, in DCM, they are a source of converter instability, resulting in significant input-current distortion. In this paper, this source of input-current distortion is analyzed, and a solution is proposed. Experimental results are obtained using a digitally controlled boost PFC converter, which is designed to operate in CCM for 1 kW. </para>
Blood flow and vascular permeability during motor dysfunction in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. (1992)

This study demonstrates that delayed neurological and motor deterioration after spinal cord ischemia is associated with severe progressive breakdown of spinal cord-blood barrier integrity that develops late (hours) after the injury. Our data suggest that no ischemic insult in early or late reperfusion is associated with delayed motor deterioration.
Ribosome display efficiently selects and evolves high-affinity antibodies<i>in vitro</i>from immune libraries (1998)

Ribosome display was applied for affinity selection of antibody single-chain fragments (scFv) from a diverse library generated from mice immunized with a variant peptide of the transcription factor GCN4 dimerization domain. After three rounds of ribosome display, positive scFvs were isolated and characterized. Several different scFvs were selected, but those in the largest group were closely related to each other and differed in 0 to 5 amino acid residues with respect to their consensus sequence, the likely common progenitor. The best scFv had a dissociation constant of (4 +/- 1) x 10(-11) M, measured in solution. One amino acid residue in complementarity determining region L1 was found to be responsible for a 65-fold higher affinity than the likely progenitor. It appears that this high-affinity scFv was selected from the mutations occurring during ribosome display in vitro, and that this constitutes an affinity maturation inherent in this method. The in vitro-selected scFvs could be functionally expressed in the Escherichia coli periplasm with good yields or prepared by in vitro refolding. Thus, ribosome display can be a powerful methodology for in vitro library screening and simultaneous sequence evolution.
Omniphobic Low Moisture Permeation Transparent Polyacrylate/Silica Nanocomposite (2013)

We report the development of low moisture permeation and transparent dense polyacrylate/silica nanocomposite material that can exhibit both superhydrophobic and oleophobic (omniphobic) properties. The material was prepared by a three-step process. The first step involved the preparation of UV polymerizable solventless hybrid resin and the fabrication of nanocomposite. The hybrid resin consisted of a mixture of acrylate monomer, initiator, and acrylate-modified different size silica nanoparticles. The second step was to roughen the surface of the nanocomposite with unique nanotexture by oxygen plasma. In the third step, we applied a low surface tension fluoro monolayer on the treated surface. The nanocomposite exhibits desired superhydrophobicity and oleophobicity with a water contact angle of 158.2° and n-1-octadecene contact angle of 128.5°, respectively; low moisture permeation of 1.44 g·mm/m(2)·day; and good transparency (greater than 82% at 450-800 nm for ~60 μm film). The material has potential applications in optoelectronic encapsulation, self-cleaning coating, etc.
Improving Power Utilization Factor of Broadband Doherty Amplifier by Using Bandpass Auxiliary Transformer (2015)

In this paper, a novel Doherty power amplifier (DPA) configuration with an auxiliary transformer is proposed for broadband operation. Theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed design can offer enhanced power utilization factor (PUF) and wideband Doherty behavior. The optimal design of the auxiliary transformer is identified with an aim to provide good impedance matching and minimal group delay. Based on the proposed theory, a 1.6-2.4-GHz 20-W DPA with improved PUF is designed, simulated, and measured. Under continuous wave excitation, measurement results indicate that the proposed DPA can achieve a PUF of 0.9, good Doherty behavior over the entire frequency band with a 6-dB back-off efficiency of 55%-64%, and saturated efficiency of 68%-76%. In addition, by the use of single-carrier WCDMA signal (centered at 2 GHz) with peak-to-average power ratio of 6.6 dB and at an average output power of 37 dBm, an average drain efficiency of 56% is obtained with adjacent channel leakage power ratio of better than -37 dBc.
Preparation of Pt Monolayer Islands Using Self-assembled Monolayer Technique (2004)

Preparation technique of Pt monolayer islands has been developed by combining two techniques ; the preparation of nanopores in a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiol and deposition of Pt monolayer using Cu adlayer as a reducing agent. This novel technique gives remarkably uniform monolayer islands for island sizes ranging from 3 to 11 nm.
Perplexing Role of P-Glycoprotein in Tumor Microenvironment (2020)

Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) still remains a major obstacle to the long-term success of cancer therapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a well-identified membrane transporter with capability to efflux drug molecules out of the cancer cell leading to reduced efficiency of chemotherapy. Cancer cells upregulate P-gp expression as an adaptive response to evade chemotherapy mediated cell death. While several P-gp inhibitors have been discovered by <i>in silico</i> and pre-clinical studies, very few have successfully passed all phases of the clinical trials. Studies show that application of P-gp inhibitors in cancer therapy regimen following development of MDR achieved limited beneficial outcomes. While, the non-specific substrate binding to P-gp has made the drug-design a challenge, a bigger perplexing challenge comes from its role in tumor immunology. Expression of P-gp was noted immune cell phenotypes with apparently antagonistic functionality. Both pro-tumor MΦ2-macrophages and, anti-tumor NK-cell and Th17/CD4<sup>+</sup>T cell subsets have shown enhanced expression of P-gp. While drug based inhibition of P-gp in pro-tumor immune cell phenotypes could promote tumor elimination, however, it would not be a rational choice to exert inhibition of P-gp on anti-tumor immune cell phenotypes. This mutually exclusive paradigm of P-gp functionality requires a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of its role in tumor microenvironment with active interplay of cancer and immune cells in the tumor <i>mileu</i>. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the role of P-gp in cancer cells and immune cells and finally attempt to highlight some caveats in the current understanding of its role in comprehensive tumor microenvironment along with challenges in the development of P-gp inhibitors toward anti-cancer therapy.
Kinetics and Quantitation of Eosinophil and Neutrophil Recruitment to Allergic Lung Inflammation in a Brown Norway Rat Model (1997)

We quantitated neutrophil and eosinophil migration into lung parenchyma using specific peroxidase enzyme assays, and into the bronchoalveolar compartment by bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), in sensitized brown Norway (BN), Fischer, and Lewis rats and also assessed the lungs by histopathology. Fourteen days after sensitization with ovalbumin (OA in alum [given subcutaneously] and OA with Bordetella pertussis [given intraperitoneally]), rats were challenged with an OA aerosol for 1 h. In BN rats, there was marked perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhages, and increase in lung wet weight and BALF protein content, accompanied by neutrophilic infiltration at 3-14 h postchallenge. Few eosinophils were seen at 14 h in lung tissue or in BALF. Neutrophils peaked at 24 h in parenchyma ([94 +/- 7] x 10[6]) and in BALF ([2.7 +/- 0.4] x 10[6]) and declined rapidly thereafter. Marked eosinophil infiltration into parenchyma was apparent by 24 h. Eosinophil accumulation peaked at 48 h in parenchyma ([127 +/- 18] x 10[6]) and at 72 h in BALF ([10 +/- 2.4] x 10[6]), comprising up to 85% of lavage cells at this time. Lung eosinophilia persisted for at least 6 d with only a slow decline or clearance, not approximating baseline until day 13 after challenge. Histopathology showed peribronchial and interstitial eosinophilic pneumonia, most severe on day 3. In contrast to the BN rats, essentially no pulmonary inflammation was observed in Lewis and Fischer rats. This model in the BN rat, and the specific peroxidase assays for quantitating tissue eosinophils and neutrophils, should be useful for investigating the regulation of allergen-induced eosinophil and neutrophil migration into and clearance from the lung.
High-frequency behavior of magnetic composites based on FeSiBCuNb particles for power-electronics (2002)

The objective of this work is to synthesize low-permeability and low-core-loss material for magnetic components used in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). We depict the process for producing nanocrystalline FeSiBCuNb flake composites (NFC). Permeability from 20 to 60 can be achieved by controlling both particle size and compacting pressure. NFC composites are magnetically superior to the competing Fe and Ni-Fe composites. For guidance, at 500 kHz, core loss in NFC is two and ten times lower, respectively, than in Ni-Fe and Fe composites.