gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution, low energy avalanche photodiode X-ray detectors (1991)

Silicon avalanche photodiodes have been fabricated, and their performance as X-ray detectors has been measured. Photon sensitivity and energy resolution were measured as a function of size and operating parameters. Noise thresholds as low as 212 eV were obtained at room temperature, and backscatter X-ray fluorescence data were obtained for aluminum and other light elements. It is concluded that the results with the X-ray detector are extremely encouraging, and the performance is challenging the best available proportional counters. While not at the performance level of either cryogenic silicon or HgI/sub 2/, these devices operate at room temperature and can be reproduced in large numbers and with much larger areas than typically achieved with HgI/sub 2/. In addition, they are rugged and appear to be indefinitely stable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Primary Care of HIV Infection (1998)

Four cases illustrate some of the issues involved in treating HIV-infected patients in a primary care setting. Primary care physicians are hard-pressed to achieve the same results as infectious disease specialists, yet are increasingly responsible for performing the initial tests, choosing the therapeutic regimen, ensuring the patient's compliance with the regimen, and monitoring the results.
Smart Pebble: wireless sensors for structural health monitoring of bridge decks (2003)

SRI International is developing a wireless sensor for monitoring the level of chloride ingress into concrete bridge decks. We call this device a Smart Pebble since it has roughly the size and weight of a typical piece of the rock aggregate that is used in such structures. It is "smart" in that it contains a chloride sensor and a radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip that can be queried remotely both to identify it and to indicate chloride concentration levels. The Smart Pebble is also powered remotely, thus precluding the need for any lifetime-limiting batteries. It is designed to be inserted in the bridge deck either during the initial construction (or during refurbishment) or in a back-filled core hole. This paper will discuss the Smart Pebble design, operation, and status.
Defendant's Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (2000)

D. Conn
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in diabetic mice enhanced inflammation and coagulation (2006)

BALB/cA mice were used to study the interaction of diabetes and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection on pathogen distribution, cytokine profile and inflammatory and endothelial-injury markers, as well as coagulation and anticoagulation factors. Meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infection did not cause death within the experimental period. MRSA-infected nondiabetic and diabetic mice died on 19.1+/-1.4 and 10.6+/-0.7 days post-infection (p.i.), respectively. MRSA and MSSA infection in diabetic mice did not result in symptomatic bacteraemia; however, MRSA infection in diabetic mice significantly reduced glucose levels (P<0.05). Diabetic mice showed significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor than nondiabetic mice (P<0.05), and MRSA infection further elevated the plasma levels of these inflammatory and endothelial markers (P<0.05). Before infection, diabetic mice had significantly higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, lower antithrombin III (AT-III) and protein C activities (P<0.05), and MRSA infection significantly increased PAI-1 activity further and reduced the activity of AT-III and protein C (P<0.05). MRSA infection increased the production of three Th1 cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon, in diabetic mice (P<0.05); however, three Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, were elevated at 2 and 4 days p.i., and then dropped gradually. MRSA infection in diabetic mice accelerated the inflammation process, endothelial injury and blood coagulation in diabetic mice. Therefore, the development of proper infection diagnosis and timely use of effective treatments for MRSA-infected diabetic individuals is important and necessary.
Influences of combination feeding of high moisture low quality grass-dominant mixture silage with corn silage on nutritive value and feed intake in sheep (2011)

Combination feeding of high moisture low quality grass-dominant mixture silage (GS) with corn silage (CS) was evaluated in terms of the nutritive value and feed intake in sheep at three mixture levels (dry matter [DM] ratio) of 100:0 (GS100), 75:25 (GS75) and 35:65 (GS35). The two silages showed contrasting fermentation qualities; high pH and butyric acid content and low V-score in GS, and low pH and high lactic acid content and V-score in CS. The digestibilities of crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fibers (ADF and NDF) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in GS100 than in GS35, whereas the nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibility was highest in GS35. The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in GS35 than in the other two treatments. There was no significant difference in the DM intake among the three treatments. The TDN intake was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in GS35 than in GS100. The results show that the TDN intake of animals can be increased by combining high moisture low quality GS with CS, but the proportion of GS should be limited to no more than 35% (on DM basis).
Ectopic expression of <i>lunatic Fringe</i> leads to downregulation of <i>Serrate‐1</i> in the developing chick neural tube; analysis using in ovo electroporation transfection technique (1998)

Lunatic Fringe (l-Fng) is one of the vertebrate homologues of Drosophila Fringe, which interacts with the Notch signal pathway and regulates activation of the Notch ligands, Delta and Serrate. To elucidate the roles of l-Fng in vertebrate neurogenesis, we transfected chick l-Fng (C-l-Fng) to chick neural tube using the in ovo electroporation technique and examined the subsequent changes in expression of Notch-related genes. We observed downregulation of C-Serrate-1 by ectopic C-l-Fng expression which implied that C-l-Fng acts on the vertebrate Notch pathway to regulate the expression of its ligand.
PURIFICATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF β‐GALACTOSIDASE FROM Kluyveromyces fragilis (1978)

ABSTRACT β‐Galactosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from cell‐free extracts of Kluyveromyces fragilis by acetone precipitation, pseudo‐affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 chromatography. The molecular weight was 201,000 and the partial specific volume was 0.715. No carbohydrate was detected. Electron microscopy indicated a molecular diameter of about 160Å with 9‐10 subunits present. Isoelectric point of the major isozyme was 5.1. The extinction coefficient was 1.58 cm 3 mg protein ‐1 at 280 nm. The amino‐acid composition was quite different from the β‐galactosidase of Escherichia coli. Enzyme activity was rapidly lost on incubation with p ‐chloromercuribenzoate; formation of 5‐6 moles of mercaptide per mole of protein gave complete loss of activity.
Effect of Supplementation of Traditional Medicinal Plants on Blood Glucose in Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetics: A Pilot Study (2005)

The effect of supplementation of a powdered mixture of three traditional medicinal plants-bittergourd, jamun seeds, and fenugreek seeds-in raw and cooked form on blood glucose was studied in 60 non-insulin-dependent male diabetics. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. The patients of group I were given the raw powdered mixture in the form of capsules; the patients of group II were given this mixture in the form of salty biscuits. Daily supplementation of 1 g of this powered mixture for a 1.5-month period and then a further increase to 2 g for another 1.5 months significantly reduced the fasting as well as the postprandial glucose level of the diabetic patients. A significant decrease in oral hypoglycemic drug intake and decline in percentage of the subjects who were on hypoglycemic drugs were found after the 3-month feeding trial. It was concluded that 2 g of a powdered mixture of traditional medicinal plants in either raw or cooked form can be successfully used for lowering blood glucose in diabetics.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Phenyloxazolidinones (2010)

A series of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with the hydroxyethylamine core and different phenyloxazolidinone P2 ligands were designed and synthesized. Variation of phenyl substitutions at the P2 and P2' moieties significantly affected the binding affinity and antiviral potency of the inhibitors. In general, compounds with 2- and 4-substituted phenyloxazolidinones at P2 exhibited lower binding affinities than 3-substituted analogues. Crystal structure analyses of ligand-enzyme complexes revealed different binding modes for 2- and 3-substituted P2 moieties in the protease S2 binding pocket, which may explain their different binding affinities. Several compounds with 3-substituted P2 moieties demonstrated picomolar binding affinity and low nanomolar antiviral potency against patient-derived viruses from HIV-1 clades A, B, and C, and most retained potency against drug-resistant viruses. Further optimization of these compounds using structure-based design may lead to the development of novel protease inhibitors with improved activity against drug-resistant strains of HIV-1.
Plk3 Functionally Links DNA Damage to Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis at Least in Part via the p53 Pathway (2001)

Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3, previously termed Prk) contributes to regulation of M phase of the cell cycle (Ouyang, B., Pan, H., Lu, L., Li, J., Stambrook, P., Li, B., and Dai, W. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 28646-28651). Plk3 physically interacts with Cdc25C and phosphorylates this protein phosphatase predominantly on serine 216 (Ouyang, B., Li, W., Pan, H., Meadows, J., Hoffmann, I., and Dai, W. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6029-6036), suggesting that the role of Plk3 in mitosis is mediated, at least in part, through direct regulation of Cdc25C. Here we show that ectopic expression of a kinase-active Plk3 (Plk3-A) induced apoptosis. In response to DNA damage, the kinase activity of Plk3 was rapidly increased in an ATM-dependent manner, whereas that of Plk1 was markedly inhibited. Recombinant Plk3 phosphorylated in vitro a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing p53, but not glutathione S-transferase alone. Recombinant Plk1 also phosphorylated p53 but on residues that differed from those targeted by Plk3. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays demonstrated that Plk3 physically interacted with p53 and that this interaction was enhanced upon DNA damage. In vitro kinase assays followed by immunoblotting showed that serine 20 of p53 was a target of Plk3. Furthermore, expression of a kinase-defective Plk3 mutant (Plk3(K52R)) resulted in significant reduction of p53 phosphorylation on serine 20, which was correlated with a decrease in the expression of p21 and with a concomitant increase in cell proliferation. These results strongly suggest that Plk3 functionally links DNA damage to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the p53 pathway.
Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the boreal soft coral <i>Gersemia rubiformis</i> (2006)

Total lipid, phospholipid, and FA composition and distribution of FA between polar lipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL) were investigated in the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis from the Bering Sea. The total lipids were mostly hydrocarbons and waxes (33.7%) and PL (33.1%). The content of monoalkyldiacylglycerols (9.7%) exceeded the content of TAG (6.7%). PC and PE constituted 31.4% and 25.6% of total phospholipids, respectively. Principal FA were 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 24:5n-6, and 24:6n-3. Most n-6 PUFA (52% of total FA) were associated with the PL fraction; this was especially true for arachidonic and tetracosapentaenoic acids. The NL were enriched with mono-, di-, trienoic, and n-3 PUFA. The variation in EPA levels in both NL and PL suggests an origin of this acid from lipids of diatoms consumed by the corals.
Instant OS updates via userspace checkpoint-and-restart (2016)

In recent years, operating systems have become increasingly complex and thus more prone to security and performance issues. Accordingly, system updates to address these issues have become more frequently available and increasingly important. To complete such updates, users must reboot their systems, resulting in unavoidable downtime and further loss of the states of running applications.

We present KUP, a practical OS update mechanism that employs a userspace checkpoint-and-restart mechanism, which uses an optimized data structure for checkpointing on disk as well as a memory persistence mechanism across the update, coupled with a fast in-place kernel switch. This allows for instant kernel updates spanning across major kernel versions without any kernel modifications.

Our evaluation shows that KUP can support any type of real kernel patches (e.g., security, minor or even major releases) with large-scale applications that include memcached, mysql, or in the middle of the Linux kernel compilation, unlike well-known dynamic hot-patching techniques (e.g., ksplice). Not only that, KUP can update a running Linux kernel in 3 seconds (overall downtime) without losing 32 GB of memcached data from kernel version v3.17-rc7 to v4.1.
Network design in realistic "all-optical" backbone networks (2006)

Optical-bypass technology is finally being deployed in carrier backbone networks on a large scale. The reality, however, is that the resulting networks are not truly all-optical; all connections cannot be carried end-to-end solely in the optical domain. While a significant amount of regeneration can be eliminated through the deployment of new ultra-long-haul technology, a small amount is still required. We study the optical network design problem for realistic backbone networks, with a focus on the impact of regeneration
RETINAL DETACHMENT AND APHAKIA (1951)

DURING 1948 and 1949, 387 cases of detachment were referred to the Retina Service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary for treatment. Cases of aphakia numbered 88, or 23 per cent. In eight cases there were bilateral aphakia and detachment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze our findings and discuss our results in cases of detachment and aphakia. I shall attempt to determine some of the important factors in the causation of the disease. Practical points which will be discussed may help in making an early diagnosis and in facilitating examination of the fundus. Surgical technic will not be discussed. In eyes with detachment and aphakia, what is the relation between the aphakia and the detachment? Is the second a complication of the first; are they two independent conditions which happen to coexist in a certain number of patients, or are detachment and cataract closely related because
The Naphthyridines. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Naphthyridines.C. F. H. AllenCite this: Chem. Rev. 1950, 47, 2, 275–305Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60147a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60147a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Comparison of the detection of foci of fascioliasis by the ELISA test on lactoserum and serum and by coproscopy]. (1985)

The purpose of this investigation was to compare techniques to diagnose herds infected by Fasciola hepatica. Based on a previous survey in the slaughter houses of Côtes-du-Nord, 37 herds were selected on the frequency of condemned livers per herd. Fecal examinations and immunodiagnosis by ELISA technique were performed. Antibodies were searched for in the pooled milk of each herd and in sera of 30 to 80% of the cattle. On 9 herds without any previous condemnation, seven had a negative immunodiagnosis on pooled milk and 0 to 16% serologically positive animals. The two other herds had a suspect immunodiagnosis on pooled milk and 28 to 65% serologically positive animals. In nine herds presenting a previous liver seizure, immunodiagnosis on pooled milk were positive on eight of them. 42 to 100% of the cattle were serologically positive and 25 to 75% of the fecal examinations were positive. In 19 herds having previously two or more liver confiscations, 68 to 100% of the cattle were serologically positive, all the pooled milk were immunologically positive and just one herd, treated previously, had a 100% negative fecal examination. The results of fecal examination and immunodiagnosis are globally comparable to the slaughter house survey. Nevertheless the sensitivity of the fecal examination and more specially the immunodiagnosis is higher. The herd diagnosis based on the examination of pooled milk has a practical application in further investigation of parasitic diseases distribution in dairy herd.
Recent developments using TowerJazz SiGe BiCMOS platform for mmWave and THz applications (2013)

In this paper, we report on the highest speed 240GHz/340GHz F<sub>T</sub>/F<sub>MAX</sub> NPN which is now available for product designs in the SBC18H4 process variant of TowerJazz’s mature 0.18μm SBC18 silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology platform. NFMIN of ~2dB at 50GHz has been obtained with these NPNs. We also describe the integration of earlier generation NPNs with F<sub>T</sub>/F<sub>MAX</sub> of 240GHz/280GHz into SBC13H3, a 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology platform. Next, we detail the integration of the deep silicon via (DSV), through silicon via (TSV), high-resistivity substrate, sub-field stitching and hybrid-stitching capability into the 0.18μm SBC18 technology platform to enable higher performance and highly integrated product designs. The integration of SBC18H3 into a thick-film SOI substrate, with essentially unchanged F<sub>T</sub> and F<sub>MAX</sub>, is also described. We also report on recent circuit demonstrations using the SBC18H3 platform: (1) a 4-element phased-array 70-100GHz broadband transmit and receive chip with flat saturated power greater than 5dBm and conversion gain of 33dB; (2) a fully integrated W-band 9-element phase-controllable array with responsivity of 800MV/W and receiver NETD is 0.45K with 20ms integration time; (3) a 16-element 4x4 phased-array transmitter with scanning in both the E- and H-planes with maximum EIRP of 23-25 dBm at 100-110GHz; (4) a power efficient 200GHz VCO with -7.25dBm output power and tuning range of 3.5%; and (5) a 320GHz 16-element imaging receiver array with responsivity of 18KV/W at 315GHz, a 3dB bandwidth of 25GHz and a low NEP of 34pW/Hz1/2. Wafer-scale large-die implementation of the phased-arrays and mmWave imagers using stitching in TowerJazz SBC18 process are also discussed.
Beyond Threads: Identifying Discussions in Email Archives (2005)

Abstract : Email archives have the promise of serving as great resources for historians and social scientists. However, making sense of the information in these archives is a challenge. Email messages are often not self-contained and are instead a part of an ongoing discussion. The process of determining when discussions commence and conclude is a difficult task to automate. Threading messages by common subject lines and reply-chain information in email headers has been a common way of assembling messages into discussions. However, even though email provides this structured information, it does not usually reflect the user's behavior. Our work helps email archive explorers interpret the archived messages by providing access to the full scope of discussions that stretch beyond the thread. We present an interactive visualization that allows explorers to perceive a discussion and navigate over time and people to gain the context they need.
Fundamental studies on physiological and pharmacological actions of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate. I. On the hypolipidemic effects. (1976)

The effects of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate (AAS) on the lipid metabolism were examined in Triton-induced hyperlipemic mice, hypercholesterolemic and normal rats, the following results being obtained. 1) In Triton-induced hyperlipemic mice, AAS (300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the serum cholesterol level, while L-ascorbate (AA, 175 mg/kg) was found ineffective. 2)In hypercholesterolemic rats fed 0.5% cholesterol diet, the consecutive administration of AAS decreased the level of serum cholesterol and liver triacylglycerols. AA only slightly affected these levels. However, both AAS and AA prevented the unordinal increase in the liver weight caused by cholesterol feeding. 3)In normal rats, the administration of AAS over a 4-week period decreased the levels of serum cholesterol and liver triacylglycerols.
Score informed audio source separation using a parametric model of non-negative spectrogram (2011)

In this paper we present a new technique for monaural source separation in musical mixtures, which uses the knowledge of the musical score. This information is used to initialize an algorithm which computes a parametric decomposition of the spectrogram based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). This algorithm provides time-frequency masks which are used to separate the sources with Wiener filtering.
Production of 6-Methylsalicylic Acid by Expression of a Fungal Polyketide Synthase Activates Disease Resistance in Tobacco (2001)

Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to act as a signal molecule that is produced by many plants subsequent to the recognition of potentially pathogenic microbes. Increases in levels of SA often trigger the activation of plant defenses and can result in increased resistance to subsequent challenge by pathogens. We observed that the polyketide 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MeSA), a compound that apparently is not endogenous to tobacco, can mimic SA. Tobacco leaves treated with 6-MeSA show enhanced accumulation of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins PR1, beta-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase and also develop increased resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. We transformed tobacco with 6msas, the 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6MSAS) gene from Penicillium patulum, to generate plants that constitutively accumulate 6-MeSA. Analysis of primary transformants and the first generation progeny of 6MSAS tobacco revealed that plants can be engineered to accumulate significant amounts of 6-MeSA as a conjugate. Levels of total 6-MeSA increased with plant age. Increased 6-MeSA accumulation correlated with increased levels of PR1 and chitinase proteins and resulted in enhanced resistance of NN genotype 6MSAS tobacco to tobacco mosaic virus. Our results demonstrate that a multistep biosynthetic pathway can be engineered into plants using a single fungal polyketide synthase gene. The functional expression of 6msas can be used to activate disease resistance pathways that normally are induced by SA.