gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical device modeling for electronic circuit simulation (1991)

Numerical MOSFET modeling based on multidimensional Bernstein interpolation is presented as a means to improve simulation efficiency. Device operating-point information is extracted from prestored table values using functional reconstruction during transient simulation. The formulation of the numerical model conforms to the requirements of electronic circuit simulators which use the Newtonian-Raphson algorithm to solve the algebraic differential circuit equations. This Bernstein approximation technique is extended to multidimension variation diminishing interpolation and applied to DC current and intrinsic charge modeling of MOSFETs. The implementation of the numerical model is described, and experimental results based on the simulation of benchmark circuits are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and DNA‐Damaging Properties of Cisplatin‐<i>N</i>‐Mustard Conjugates (2015)

Abstract We report the synthesis of two novel cisplatin‐ N ‐mustard conjugates. In these compounds two potentially DNA‐damaging molecules are combined and are separated by a spacer containing either one or four ethylene glycol units. We have shown that these conjugates are capable of forming novel clustered DNA adducts, thereby strongly increasing the lesion density in double‐stranded DNA, which is thought to block DNA repair and translesion synthesis. Their ability to inhibit cell division was proven in an E. coli assay.
Phase 1 trial of 17-AAG in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) (2005)

3056 Background: 17AAG (denoted KOS-953 in a novel Cremophor-based formulation) inhibits the activity of HSP90, resulting in degradation of client proteins. In vitro, 17AAG induces apoptosis of drug-sensitive and resistant MM cell lines, and tumor cells from patients with refractory MM (including bortezomib- or IMiD-resistant). In vivo, 17AAG extends the survival of mice after MM cells are injected and home to the marrow. Study objectives: define the MTD, toxicity and PK. Methods: Pts receive 17AAG (150 & 220 mg/m2) IV twice weekly for 2 out of 3 weeks. PK is performed for 17AAG and 17AG (active metabolite). Bone marrow aspirates (BMA), collected prior to drug and 4 hours following the 1st and 4th infusion, are examined for apopotosis, proliferation, pAKT, and change in HSP, IL-6 and IGF-R1 expression. PBLs are collected for assessment of change in HSP70/90. Results: 13 pts (3 F/10 M; median age 62 yrs; KPS 90; prior regimens 4, range 2–19) were enrolled in 2 dose levels. Dose limiting toxicity was observed at 220 mg/m2: a pt with liver infiltration of plasma cells had a Grade 3 elevated ALT; the pt was retreated at a lower dose but continued with grade 1–2 elevations. Other drug-related toxicity (Grade 1–2): bone pain (back, leg, rib), fatigue, diarrhea, anemia and rash. BMAs at 220 mg/m2 showed increased apoptosis (as determined by mitochondrial potential) and decreased pAKT comparing screening and Day 11 (p=0.057, both parameters). Signs of antitumor activity include: 1 pt with 93% reduction in kappa light chain; 1 pt with a minor response in IgA. Progression of disease typically occurred in extramedullary plasmacytomas, with stabilization or improvement of M-protein and KPS. Conclusions: Preliminary signs of activity in patients with advanced, heavily pre-treated MM have been seen; evaluation of 220 mg/m2 is continuing. Manageable toxicity without neuropathy is observed. PK for 17AAG in this formulation at these doses are similar compared to 17AAG in an egg-phospholipid formulation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Kosan Biosciences Kosan Biosciences Kosan Biosciences
Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence (1972)

Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence , Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Multi-Channel Whole-Head OPM-MEG: Helmet Design and a Comparison with a Conventional System (2020)

ABSTRACT Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a powerful technique for functional neuroimaging, offering a non-invasive window on brain electrophysiology. MEG systems have traditionally been based on cryogenic sensors which detect the small extracranial magnetic fields generated by synchronised current in neuronal assemblies, however such systems have fundamental limitations. In recent years quantum-enabled devices, called optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs), have promised to lift those restrictions, offering an adaptable, motion-robust MEG device, with improved data quality, at reduced cost. However, OPM-MEG remains a nascent technology, and whilst viable systems exist, most employ small numbers of sensors sited above targeted brain regions. Here, building on previous work, we construct a wearable OPM-MEG system with ‘whole-head’ coverage based upon commercially available OPMs, and test its capabilities to measure alpha, beta and gamma oscillations. We design two methods for OPM mounting; a flexible (EEG-like) cap and rigid (additively-manufactured) helmet. Whilst both designs allow for high quality data to be collected, we argue that the rigid helmet offers a more robust option with significant advantages for reconstruction of field data into 3D images of changes in neuronal current. Using repeat measurements in two participants, we show signal detection for our device to be highly robust. Moreover, via application of source-space modelling, we show that, despite having 5 times fewer sensors, our system exhibits comparable performance to an established cryogenic MEG device. While significant challenges still remain, these developments provide further evidence that OPM-MEG is likely to facilitate a step change for functional neuroimaging. HIGHLIGHTS A 49-channel whole-head OPM-MEG system is constructed System evaluated via repeat measurements of alpha, beta and gamma oscillations Two OPM-helmet designs are contrasted, a flexible (EEG-like) cap and a rigid helmet The rigid helmet offers significant advantages for a viable OPM-MEG device 49-channel OPM-MEG offers performance comparable to established cryogenic devices
Approaching eigenmode BLAST channel capacity using V-BLAST with rate and power feedback (2002)

Multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver can achieve enormous capacities by transmitting on the channel's eigenmodes when the channel realization is known at the transmitter. If the transmitter has no knowledge of the channel, a significant fraction of the eigenmode capacity can be achieved in an open-loop mode, but multi-dimensional coding is required. We show how the open-loop capacity can be achieved with conventional single-dimensional coding using optimum successive decoding (OSD) and simple per-antenna rate control. Using power allocation, the capacity can be further increased, although only slightly.
Bandsplitting of video signals for 2-channel transmission (1988)

A system is described for reconstructing a wideband video signal at a receiver in which a wideband signal at a transmitter is split into two signals: a lowpass component and a highpass component. The highpass information is transmitted over an augmentation channel. The lowpass component transmitted over another channel is NTSC-compatible. The problem of how to accomplish the bandsplitting and recombination without introducing objectionable artifacts on either the NTSC-compatible portion or the reconstructed wideband signal is discussed. Complementary digital filters are considered for use in an exact reconstruction of the wideband signal. The reconstructed signal is treated as the wideband signal convolved with the impulse respond of a bandstop filter that introduces an amplitude distortion to the discrete Fourier transform of the digital wideband signal. It is shown that the amplitude distortion is virtually eliminated by applying an approximate inverse filter at the receiver. A technique for designing finite-impulse response (FIR) approximations of inverse digital filters is introduced and design examples shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoinduced Charge-Separation and Charge-Recombination Processes of Fullerene[60] Dyads Covalently Connected with Phenothiazine and Its Trimer (2008)

Photoinduced charge-separation and charge-recombination processes of fullerene[60] dyads covalently connected with phenothiazine and its trimer (PTZ n -C 60, n = 1 and 3) with a short amide linkage were investigated. A time-resolved fluorescence study provided evidence of charge separation via the excited singlet state of a C 60 moiety ( (1)C 60*), which displayed high efficiencies in various solvents; Phi (S) CS (quantum yield of charge separation via (1)C 60*) = 0.59 (toluene) to 0.87 (DMF) for PTZ 1-C 60 and 0.78 (toluene) to 0.91 (DMF) for PTZ 3-C 60. The transient absorption measurement with a 6 ns time resolution in the visible and near-IR regions showed evidence of the generation of radical ion pairs in relatively polar solvents for both dyads. In nonpolar toluene, only PTZ 1- (3)C 60* was observed for PTZ 1-C 60, whereas PTZ 3- (3)C 60* as well as the radical ion pair state in equilibrium were observed for PTZ 3-C 60. The radical ion pairs had relatively long lifetimes: 60 (DMF) to 910 ns ( o-dichlorobenzene) for (PTZ) 1 (*+)-C 60 (*-) and 230 (PhCN) to 380 ns ( o-dichlorobenzene) for (PTZ) 3 (*+)-C 60 (*-). The small reorganization energy (lambda) and the electronic coupling element (| V|) were estimated by the temperature dependence of the charge-recombination rates, i.e., lambda = 0.53 eV and | V| = 1.6 cm (-1) for (PTZ) 3 (*+)-C 60 (*-).
Symplastic Transport of Carboxyfluorescein in Staminal Hairs of <i>Setcreasea purpurea</i> Is Diffusive and Includes Loss to the Vacuole (1989)

The kinetics of symplastic transport in staminal hairs of Setcreasea purpurea was studied. The tip cell of a staminal hair was microinjected with carboxyfluorescein (CF) and the symplastic transport of this CF was videotaped and the digital data analyzed to produce kinetic curves. Using a finite difference equation for diffusion between cells and for loss of dye into the vacuole, kinetic curves were calculated and fitted to the observed data. These curves were matched with data from actual microinjection experiments by adjusting K (the coefficient of intercellular junction diffusion) and L (the coefficient of intracellular loss) until a minimum in the least squares difference between the curves was obtained. (a) Symplastic transport of CF was governed by diffusion through intercellular pores (plasmodesmata) and intracellular loss. Diffusion within the cell cytoplasm was never limiting. (b) Each cell and its plasmodesmata must be considered as its own diffusion system. Therefore, a diffusion coefficient cannot be calculated for an entire chain of cells. (c) The movement through plasmodesmata in either direction was the same since the data are fit by a diffusion equation. (d) Diffusion through the intercellular pores was estimated to be slower than diffusion through similar pores filled with water.
Evidence of energetically-localized trap-states at SOI-BOX interface in high-dose SIMOX wafers (2003)

As the trend in SOI technology continues to be towards thin-film devices, it is important to take a closer look at the electrically active defects at SOI-BOX interface, which could strongly affect the performance and reliability of SOI devices (Cristoloveanu, 1995). Although several studies on the interface trap densities at the SOI-BOX interface of SIMOX wafers have been reported (Nakashima et al, 1998; Yang et al., 1992), comprehensive analysis of these electrically active defects has not yet been fully studied, despite its scientific interest and technological importance. The purpose of this paper is to show for the first time that extraordinary kink effects have been experimentally observed in back-gate transconductance (g/sub m2/) characteristics of fully-depleted (FD) SOI MOS transistors on high-dose SIMOX wafers, and a physical explanation has been found.
Oncogenic potential of hepatitis B virus. (1983)

The function of the X gene was clarified by examination of the transient production of hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles by transfected recombinant HBV DNA (pHBV-3 DNA) and its frameshift mutant (delta X) of the X open reading frame into hepatocellular carcinoma HuH-7 and HepG2 cells. No reduction of viral mRNAs was observed in the HuH-7 cells by the delta X mutant, whereas mRNAs underwent marked reduction in HepG2 cells. No reduction in core particle production was observed in HuH-7 cells, but in HepG2 cells reduction was considerable. To clarify the significance of the delta X mutation in the trans-acting function of the X gene in hepatoma cells, the chloramphenicol acetyl/transferase (CAT) assay was conducted. Transfection of plasmid pHBV-3 into HepG2 cells increased CAT activity of pSV2-CAT, while the delta X mutation clearly showed no stimulation of activity. On the other hand, in the HuH-7 cells, pHBV-3 exhibited no such stimulation. The trans-acting function of the X gene product in two different hepatoma cells was clearly shown to differ. Furthermore, transfection of X gene expression plasmid pKSV-HBx into mouse NIH3T3 cells increased the CAT activity of pSV2-CAT. Trans-activation was still detectable even following deletion of enhancer sequences in the pSV2CAT. The oncogenic potential of HBV is discussed with special attention to the X gene product, which may be able to activate a cellular transcription factor at the viral and cellular promotor sequences in the cells.
Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells arise from molecularly specified multipotential progenitors (2012)

Single progenitors can give rise to any and all of the main retinal cell types: photoreceptors, interneurons (horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cells), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and glia. Many of these types are divisible into multiple functionally, structurally, and molecularly distinct subtypes (e.g., ~25 for RGCs). It remains unknown when and how progenitors become committed to generate such subtypes. Here, we determine the origin of RGCs that respond selectively to vertical motion and express cadherin 6 (cdh6). Using Cre recombinase-based lineage tracing, we show that these RGCs arise from progenitors that themselves express cdh6. These progenitors are capable of generating all major retinal cell types, but the RGCs they generate are predominantly of the single direction-selective subtype. In contrast, cdh6-positive progenitors retain the ability to generate multiple subtypes of amacrine and bipolar cells. Our results demonstrate that type and subtype specification are regulated in different ways and suggest that multipotential but fate-restricted progenitors contribute to subtype specification in retina.
Field development, depositional model and production performace of the turbidite “J” sands at prospect bullwinkle, green canyon 65 field outer‐shelf Gulf of Mexico (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995Field development, depositional model and production performace of the turbidite "J" sands at prospect bullwinkle, green canyon 65 field outer‐shelf Gulf of MexicoAuthors: William E. HolmanStephen S. RobertsonWilliam E. HolmanShell Offshore Inc. and Stephen S. RobertsonShell Offshore Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887255 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887255FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION William E. Holman and Stephen S. Robertson, (1995), "Field development, depositional model and production performace of the turbidite "J" sands at prospect bullwinkle, green canyon 65 field outer‐shelf Gulf of Mexico," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1517-1517. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887255 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
The research profile of natural products and drug discovery (2011)

Natural products were the material basis of drug discovery and drug screening, and high-performance techniques were the important prerequisite of earning hits. In this paper, we reviewed the current situation and future prospects of drug screening, including the pharmaceutical environment, the challenges facing drug discovery, the screening tools and the methods of generating analogs.

Key words: 
Natural products; Drug discovery; Drug screening
School Racial and Ethnic Composition and Young Children's Cognitive Development (2011)

Abstract This chapter highlights the composition of minority children in racially and ethnically isolated schools. It also explores the extent to which school racial composition affects student learning. The chapter employs AN analytic approach and data structure to examine disparities in cognitive development that occurs during the school year from learning during the summer months.
Improved Titers for Helper Virus-Free Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Plasmid Vectors by Optimization of the Packaging Protocol and Addition of Noninfectious Herpes Simplex Virus-Related Particles (Previral DNA Replication Enveloped Particles) to the Packaging Procedure (1999)

A helper virus-free herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) plasmid vector system has potential for both gene therapy and physiological studies, but relatively low titers have complicated use of this system. In this article, the packaging efficiency was improved by optimizing the packaging protocol and by adding noninfectious HSV-1-related particles, i.e., previral DNA replication enveloped particles (PREPs), during the packaging procedure. PREPs contain many of the tegument proteins that are thought to enhance an HSV-1 infection. Use of both the optimized packaging protocol and the PREPs resulted in an approximately 50-fold increase in the titer, and five different HSV-1 vectors were packaged using this procedure. A purified vector stock (7.8x10(8) infectious vector particles/ml) was microinjected into the striatum, the rats were sacrificed 4 days after gene transfer, and the brains were found to contain an average of approximately 6740 X-Gal-positive striatal cells. This improved packaging procedure may augment use of this vector system.
Supercurrent in van der Waals Josephson junction (2016)

Supercurrent flow between two superconductors with different order parameters, a phenomenon known as the Josephson effect, can be achieved by inserting a non-superconducting material between two superconductors to decouple their wavefunctions. These Josephson junctions have been employed in fields ranging from digital to quantum electronics, yet their functionality is limited by the interface quality and use of non-superconducting material. Here we show that by exfoliating a layered dichalcogenide (NbSe2) superconductor, the van der Waals (vdW) contact between the cleaved surfaces can instead be used to construct a Josephson junction. This is made possible by recent advances in vdW heterostructure technology, with an atomically flat vdW interface free of oxidation and inter-diffusion achieved by eliminating all heat treatment during junction preparation. Here we demonstrate that this artificially created vdW interface provides sufficient decoupling of the wavefunctions of the two NbSe2 crystals, with the vdW Josephson junction exhibiting a high supercurrent transparency.
Identification of a New Class of Molecules, the Arachidonyl Amino Acids, and Characterization of One Member That Inhibits Pain (2001)

In mammals, specific lipids and amino acids serve as crucial signaling molecules. In bacteria, conjugates of lipids and amino acids (referred to as lipoamino acids) have been identified and found to possess biological activity. Here, we report that mammals also produce lipoamino acids, specifically the arachidonyl amino acids. We show that the conjugate of arachidonic acid and glycine (N-arachidonylglycine (NAGly)) is present in bovine and rat brain as well as other tissues and that it suppresses tonic inflammatory pain. The biosynthesis of NAGly and its degradation by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase can be observed in rat brain tissue. In addition to NAGly, bovine brain produces at least two other arachidonyl amino acids: N-arachidonyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (NAGABA) and N-arachidonylalanine. Like NAGly, NAGABA inhibits pain. These findings open the door to the identification of other members of this new class of biomolecules, which may be integral to pain regulation and a variety of functions in mammals.
Effect of Bifidobacterium longum and inulin on gut bacterial metabolism and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats (1998)

The effect of Bifidobacterium longum (4 x 10(8) viable cells/g diet) and a derivative of inulin ('Raftiline HP'; 5% w/w in diet) on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) has been studied. The concentration of ammonia, a putative tumour promoter produced by bacterial degradation of protein and urea, and the activities of certain bacterial enzymes thought to play a role in colon carcinogenesis, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were also assayed. Consumption of either B. longum or inulin was associated with a decrease (26 and 41%, respectively) in AOM-induced small ACF (i.e. those comprising 1-3 aberrant crypts per focus). Combined administration of the bifidobacterium and inulin resulted in more potent inhibition of ACF than administration of the two separately, achieving 80% inhibition of small ACF. Furthermore, the combined administration significantly decreased the incidence (by 59%) of large ACF (>4 aberrant crypts per focus), which are considered to be predictive of eventual tumour incidence. Since the dietary treatments were started 1 week after the carcinogen dose, the results suggest that B. longum and inulin may be affecting the early promotion phase of the carcinogenic process. Consumption of diets containing B. longum, inulin or both were also associated with decreases in beta-glucuronidase activity and ammonia concentration in the caecal contents. Both these factors have been associated with carcinogenesis of the colon in experimental animal models. In rats given inulin-containing diets (with or without B. longum) an increase in caecal wt and beta-glucosidase activity and a decrease in caecal pH were observed. The results suggest that consumption of B. longum or inulin was associated with potentially beneficial changes in caecal physiology and bacterial metabolic activity in relation to tumour risk and in the incidence of putative preneoplastic lesions in the colon. The results also indicated that combined treatment with the two agents was more effective in reducing colonic lesions.
Laterally Coupled DFB Lasers With Self-Aligned Metal Surface Grating by Holographic Lithography (2008)

A laterally coupled InGaAsP-InP distributed-feedback (DFB) laser operating around 1.55 mum was fabricated through a novel technique for the formation of metal surface gratings by holographic lithography. The self-aligned Cr DFB gratings were formed on the sidewalls as well as on both sides of the laser ridge by means of angled e-beam evaporation of Ti mask and metal-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> lift-off on the top of ridges. For an uncoated 3-mum-wide and 300-mum-long cavity, the device emitted an output power of ~9.7 mW/facet at an injection current of 100 mA with a threshold current of 29 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.14 mW/mA per facet at 20 degC under continuous-wave mode. A stable single-mode emission near 1.54 mum with a sidemode suppression ratio of nearly 28 dB was observed and a tuning coefficient of 0.21 nm/K was obtained in the temperature range of 15 degC -55 degC.