gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cells from NOD mice exhibit autonomous behavior and a competitive advantage in allogeneic recipients (2004)

Type 1 diabetes is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be cured by transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from disease-resistant donors. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice have a number of features that distinguish them as bone marrow transplant recipients that must be understood prior to the clinical application of chimerism to induce tolerance. In the present studies, we characterized NOD HSCs, comparing their engraftment characteristics to HSCs from disease-resistant strains. Strikingly, NOD HSCs are significantly enhanced in engraftment potential compared with HSCs from disease-resistant donors. Unlike HSCs from disease-resistant strains, they do not require graft-facilitating cells to engraft in allogeneic recipients. Additionally, they exhibit a competitive advantage when coadministered with increasing numbers of syngeneic HSCs, produce significantly more spleen colony-forming units (CFU-Ss) in vivo in allogeneic recipients, and more granulocyte macrophage-colony-forming units (CFU-GMs) in vitro compared with HSCs from disease-resistant controls. NOD HSCs also exhibit significantly enhanced chemotaxis to a stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) gradient and adhere significantly better on primary stroma. This enhanced engraftment potential maps to the insulin-dependent diabetes locus 9 (Idd9) locus, and as such the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family as well as ski/sno genes may be involved in the mechanism underlying the autonomy of NOD HSCs. These findings may have important implications to understand the evolution of autoimmune disease and impact on potential strategies for cure.
[Preclinical study update of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in treating eye diseases]. (2008)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is a special kind of cells which has the ability of self-renewal, high proliferation and multi-potentialities. Because of the characteristic of plasticity, it plays an important role in the reparation of various tissues and organs. Furthermore it is convenient to harvest which should make it more applicable in tissue engineering. Here the pre-clinical study advance of BMSC in treating eye diseases is reviewed.
Identification and cloning of a hemin storage locus involved in the pigmentation phenotype of Yersinia pestis (1990)

The temperature-dependent absorption of sufficient exogenous hemin or Congo red to form pigmented colonies of Yersinia pestis has been termed the pigmentation phenotype (Pgm+). Spontaneous mutation to a Pgm- phenotype results in the loss of a number of divergent physiological characteristics, including the ability to store hemin and to bind Congo red at 26 degrees C. In this study, we generated and isolated transposon insertion mutants that are hemin storage negative (Hms-) and therefore unable to form pigmented colonies. These mutations are due to single mini-kan insertions within a 19.5-kilobase (kb) SalI fragment of chromosomal DNA. Restriction site analysis of eight mutants identified a minimum of six potentially different insertion sites spanning an approximately 10-kb hemin storage (hms) locus. The 19.5-kb SalI fragment (containing approximately 18 kb of Y. pestis DNA and the mini-kan insert) was cloned from one of these mutants, KIM6-2012. By using this cloned fragment as a DNA probe, the mechanism of spontaneous mutation to a Pgm- phenotype was identified as a massive deletion event. The deletion spans at least 18 kb of genomic DNA in spontaneous Pgm- mutants from nine separate strains of Y. pestis. DNA adjacent to the mini-kan insert was used to identify a clone containing a wild-type hms locus. A spontaneous Pgm- mutant of Y pestis KIM containing this clone exhibits an Hms+ phenotype. The hms::mini-kan mutations and cloned wild-type hms locus generated in this study will greatly aid in identifying the function of hemin storage in Y. pestis.
Hollow Calcium Carbonate Microsphere Formation in the Presence of Biopolymers and Additives (2008)

Directed crystallization is found in many natural systems, where the inorganic material provides the organism with superior barrier and mechanical properties. Using this principle of controlled nucleation and growth on a biopolymer (pectin) substrate, hollow shells of calcium carbonate were formed in certain reaction conditions that were generally more perfect at lower reactant concentrations. The nucleation mechanism required the presence of calcium-binding acidic groups on the biopolymer. These served to initially gel the biopolymer, thus providing the template upon which crystallization could occur, and then provided the calcium-rich sites at the template surface that promoted crystallization. The propensity of the system to crystallize on the gel particle surface thereby led to the formation of a complete shell of calcium carbonate, in the form of calcite, which in certain conditions was shown to effectively encapsulate small molecular weight hydrophilic species such as sodium chloride. Importantly, however, in some cases the influence of the crystallization conditions, including the nature of the molecule to be encapsulated, significantly interfered with crystallization preventing the formation of a complete shell. Observation of hollow shells in certain conditions does not therefore guarantee that a system will be usable in all cases for capsule formation.
An iterative joint channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm applied in OFDM system with high data to pilot power ratio (2004)

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation, a straightforward way to overcome system throughput deterioration is by decreasing the power and reducing the number of pilots, which unfortunately, leads directly to the degradation of BER performance. For the purpose of improving the BER performance, an iterative joint channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm with low complexity and fast convergence is proposed. Both theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that this algorithm gives better BER performance and saves the overhead of OFDM systems.
Studies on an Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine (1960)

IN the first seven reports of this series the development and mode of preparation of an avianized attenuated measles-virus vaccine together with observations on the clinical and immunologic responses induced by this vaccine in susceptible monkeys and children are described. This vaccine will be referred to as "measles vaccine (attenuated)." In a final communication the data obtained by the various investigators collaborating in these studies will be summarized and critically evaluated. Preliminary accounts of the first trial in children have been published.1 , 2 IntroductionNumerous attempts have been made to devise an effective and harmless means for the artificial induction in . . .
Effects of myocardial wall thickness on SPECT quantification (1990)

The effects of changing myocardial wall thickness in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging are characterized, and a method which may be used to compensate for these effects is presented. The underlying principle is that the phenomena of attenuation, Compton scatter, and finite resolution can be separated and treated independently. Only finite resolution and its effects, along with a proposed method for correcting these effects, are addressed. A cardiac phantom with varying wall thickness (9-23 mm) was developed to characterize the dependence effects on (201)Tl myocardial SPECT images. Correction factors in the form of recovery coefficients have been developed with the use of a convolution simulation, and are shown to improve substantially the agreement of counts extracted from SPECT images of the phantom with the actual (201)Tl concentration. The degree of improvement, however, is markedly affected by external attenuation. Clinical application of this method will require corrections for attenuation and scatter or the development of regional recovery coefficients which include these effects.
Development of multi-directional compliant joint module for human-care robot (2007)

In this paper, we describe the development of a finger joint module for a human-care robot. The proposed joint module has multidirectional passive compliance to external forces caused by human contact and also the ability to estimate them. To achieve the above two characteristics, silicone gum cushions (SGCs) are placed between the motor and the output link. These SGCs have a hollow shape and deform easily. The elastic deformation of the SGC enables the robot to react softly to the external forces exerted from multiple directions. Furthermore, these forces can be inferred by measuring the pressure in the SGC's hollow. The basic characteristics of the module's passive compliance and its accuracy in sensing external forces are examined through several experiments.
Canada plans stronger health warnings on cigarette packs (2000)

Canada is poised to set a precedent in tobacco health warnings with what campaigners hope will be graphic new labelling on cigarette packs. Health minister Allan Rock is expected to announce an “intent to legislate” on cigarette packaging reform around the middle of this month.

Last January the government promised to change health warning labels on cigarette packs after intense lobbying from a panel of 26 experts acting on behalf of 130 health agencies and professions. Canada last introduced innovative packaging reforms in 1994, but these are now considered to have lost some of their impact.

The precise content of the warnings will not be published until a month to six …
Effect of a GaAs<i>x</i>P1−<i>x</i> Transition Zone on the Perfection of GaP Crystals Grown by Deposition onto GaAs Substrates (1969)

The effect of a mixed crystal transition zone (grading) on the perfection of crystals grown by epitaxial deposition onto substrates of differing lattice parameter and expansion coefficient is considered. The number of misfit dislocations required to compensate lattice mismatch at the growth temperature and magnitude of bending stresses which develop during subsequent cooling have been computed as a function of the width of the transition zone δ. These results have been applied to the case of GaP grown onto GaAs seeds. Using a simple model for lattice displacements, it is predicted that grading does not reduce the number of misfit dislocations but merely distributes them over the width δ so that the density is reduced in proportion to δ−1. The bending stresses in the grown layer are shown to be highly dependent on the width of the transition zone and thickness of the grown layer. Moreover, for a given seed thickness and zone width there is an optimum thickness for the growth layer for which the bending stress is smallest.
Chemical ligation of oligonucleotides using an electrophilic phosphorothioester (2017)

We developed a new approach for chemical ligation of oligonucleotides using the electrophilic phosphorothioester (EPT) group. A nucleophilic phosphorothioate group on oligonucleotides was converted into the EPT group by treatment with Sanger's reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). EPT oligonucleotides can be isolated, stored frozen, and used for the ligation reaction. The reaction of the EPT oligonucleotide and an amino-modified oligonucleotide took place without any extra reagents at pH 7.0-8.0 at room temperature, and resulted in a ligation product with a phosphoramidate bond with a 39-85% yield. This method has potential uses in biotechnology and chemical biology.
Synergistic action of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes and the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni in the infection of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (2009)

A synchronous coinfection of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) with the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni Bonnifoi & de Barjak var. tenebrionis Krieg et al. and hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin or Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill leads to the rapid death of 95–100% of larvae. The bacteria arrest the nutrition of insects, while the fungal spores kill the weakened larvae. The synergistic effect of two pathogens is recorded at a relatively low hyphomycete titer (1–5 × 106 conidia/ml) and is evident in the mortality dynamics at all larval ages. These bacterial and fungal pathogens display no antagonism on artificial nutrient media. This microbial complex is highly efficient under natural conditions (80–90% larval mortality rate and no plant defoliation).
Computer-assisted surgery planning for lower extremity deformity correction by the Ilizarov method (1995)

Starting in 1952, Prof. Gavril Ilizarov, a Russian orthopedic surgeon, devised a complex method of long bone deformity correction using an external bone fixation system consisting of rings and wires. We have developed a computer-assisted surgery planning system to aid in correction using the Ilizarov method. The hardware for the system is composed of an ultrasonic digitizer as input device, an HI plotter as output device, a 386/486 personal computer with super VGA monitor, and a mouse interfacing between user and computer. The software includes two separate programs. The main program is a menu-driven two-dimensional graphics program, which divides the planning procedure into several major stages, including preoperative planning and postoperative verification. The second program uses the information generated from the first program to create an image of the ideal three-dimensional frame construction to give a general impression of the appearance of the constructed frame.
The PYHIN protein family as mediators of host defenses (2011)

The innate immune response is the first line of defense against infection and relies on the ability of immune cells to detect the presence of infection through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors. These include the Toll-like receptors, the retinoic acid inducible gene-like receptors, the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, and a number of DNA-sensing molecules. Members of the PYHIN protein family have recently emerged as sensors of microbial DNA. PYHIN proteins bind microbial DNA and form caspase-1-activating inflammasomes (AIM2) or drive type I IFN gene transcription (IFI16). Here, we review these discoveries and highlight the emerging role of the PYHIN protein family in mammalian host defenses.
Adoptive Transfer of MAGE-A4 T-cell Receptor Gene-Transduced Lymphocytes in Patients with Recurrent Esophageal Cancer (2015)

These results suggest that TCR-engineered T cells created by relatively short-duration in vitro culture of polyclonal lymphocytes in peripheral blood retained the capacity to survive in a host. The discordance between T-cell survival and tumor regression suggests that multiple mechanisms underlie the benefits of preparative lymphodepletion in adoptive T-cell therapy.
Gravitational Approach for Point Set Registration (2016)

In this paper a new astrodynamics inspired rigid point set registration algorithm is introduced-the Gravitational Approach (GA). We formulate point set registration as a modified N-body problem with additional constraints and obtain an algorithm with unique properties which is fully scalable with the number of processing cores. In GA, a template point set moves in a viscous medium under gravitational forces induced by a reference point set. Pose updates are completed by numerically solving the differential equations of Newtonian mechanics. We discuss techniques for efficient implementation of the new algorithm and evaluate it on several synthetic and real-world scenarios. GA is compared with the widely used Iterative Closest Point and the state of the art rigid Coherent Point Drift algorithms. Experiments evidence that the new approach is robust against noise and can handle challenging scenarios with structured outliers.
Second generation cordless (CT-2) telephony in the UK: telepoint services and the common air-interface (1990)

The background to second generation cordless telephony (CT-2) is set out to show the relationship between telepoint and cellular radio services. The physical layer of the telepoint air-interface is described with justification of the technical choices made in working towards the common air-interface which will supercede initial proprietary standards. The various channels and signalling multiplexes are then discussed in sufficient detail to permit understanding of the procedures by which portable terminals establish connections through base stations to the public switched network. The paper concludes with an optimistic projection of the future for telepoint services in the UK and other European countries.
SYNTHESES IN THE CINCHONA SERIES. I. THE SIMPLER CINCHONA ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DIHYDRO DERIVATIVES. (1919)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESES IN THE CINCHONA SERIES. I. THE SIMPLER CINCHONA ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DIHYDRO DERIVATIVES.Michael Heidelberger and Walter A. JacobsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1919, 41, 5, 817–833Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1919Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1919https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02226a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02226a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Compositions on the Chloride Ion Permeability of Geopolymer Concrete (2012)

The three key oxide molar ratios of geopolymer concrete were studied in this paper: n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)，n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3) and n(H2O)/n(Na2O). The effect of each oxide molar ratio was assessed by electric flux method. It was found that resistance to chloride ion of geopolymer was increased with increasing n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3).However, there was a limit beyond which this performance improved; it performed better with the increasing of n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3) but worse with the increasing of n(H2O)/n(Na2O). With the same amount of cementitious material, resistance to chloride ion of geopolymer concrete was better than that of common concrete.
Chemistry and Applications of Liquid Crystals (1973)

Abstract Approximately 5% of all organic compounds are transformed at their melting point into liquid crystals—thermodynamically stable, anisotropic liquids which in contrast to isotropic melts appear turbid and are also known as mesophases. Such melts are classed as smectic, nematic, and cholesteric liquid crystalline phases, depending upon the arrangement of the constituent molecules. The discovery of numerous potential applications during the past ten years has awakened the study of liquid crystals from its former slumber as a physical curiosity and placed it in the limelight of the scientific stage. Uses in display systems for measured values and for computer and process data, as well as for remote controlled timetables, for windows of variable light‐transmission, etc. , appear particularly promising. Not only black‐and‐white contrasts are now possible but also color production.
Highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells with a TiO 2 /ZnO electron transport bilayer (2015)

A TiO₂/ZnO electron transport bilayer, which combines the advantages of high electron extraction and low interfacial recombination together, has been designed for planar perovskite solar cells. With this bilayer, the front surface recombination in the cell is significantly suppressed, and a high efficiency exceeding 17% has been achieved. These results suggest a promising and simple approach to further design photovoltaic devices from the aspect of charge transport and recombination.
Selective distributions of proteoglycans and their ligands in pericellular matrix of cultured fibroblasts: implications for their roles in cell-substratum adhesion (1993)

We showed previously that a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, PG-M (also known as versican), inhibits cell-substratum adhesion, while basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (recently named perlecan) does not (Yamagata et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8012-8018). To extend our understanding of the adhesive function of these proteoglycans, we examined the pericellular localization of the proteoglycans and their ligands and also that of some matrix receptors and cytoskeletal molecules in various fibroblast culture systems. PG-M was abundant in the subcellular space of fibroblasts, but was excluded selectively from focal contacts where vinculin, integrins and fibronectin were localized. Hyaluronan, CD44 and tenascin were distributed similarly as PG-M. In contrast, perlecan was associated with fibronectin and was included in focal contacts. Syndecan-1, a membrane heparan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, was associated with fibronectin at the cell surface, partly at focal contacts and in association with stress fibers. Thus, complexes of PG-M with hyaluronan, tenascin and CD44, are not involved in focal contacts. On the other hand, perlecan and syndecan-1 together with fibronectin may participate in focal contacts. The difference in localization between these proteoglycans may be related to their glycosaminoglycan content and to their distinctive roles in cell-substratum adhesion.
Powering Nanodevices with Biomolecular Motors (2004)

Biomolecular motors, in particular motor proteins, are ideally suited to introduce chemically powered movement of selected components into devices engineered at the micro- and nanoscale level. The design of such hybrid "bio/nano"-devices requires suitable synthetic environments, and the identification of unique applications. We discuss current approaches to utilize active transport and actuation on a molecular scale, and we give an outlook to the future.
The Fas pathway is involved in pancreatic β cell secretory function (2007)

Pancreatic beta cell mass and function increase in conditions of enhanced insulin demand such as obesity. Failure to adapt leads to diabetes. The molecular mechanisms controlling this adaptive process are unclear. Fas is a death receptor involved in beta cell apoptosis or proliferation, depending on the activity of the caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP. Here we show that the Fas pathway also regulates beta cell secretory function. We observed impaired glucose tolerance in Fas-deficient mice due to a delayed and decreased insulin secretory pattern. Expression of PDX-1, a beta cell-specific transcription factor regulating insulin gene expression and mitochondrial metabolism, was decreased in Fas-deficient beta cells. As a consequence, insulin and ATP production were severely reduced and only partly compensated for by increased beta cell mass. Up-regulation of FLIP enhanced NF-kappaB activity via NF-kappaB-inducing kinase and RelB. This led to increased PDX-1 and insulin production independent of changes in cell turnover. The results support a previously undescribed role for the Fas pathway in regulating insulin production and release.