gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of sugarcane genes induced by inoculation with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (2001)

Several Brazilian sugarcane varieties have the ability to grow with little addition of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, showing high contributions of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). A particular type of nitrogen-fixing association has been described in this crop, where endophytic diazotrophs such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. In order to gain insight into the role played by the sugarcane in the interaction between this plant and endophytic diazotrophs, we investigated gene expression profiles of sugarcane plants colonized by G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans by searching the sugarcane expressed sequence tag SUCEST Database (<A HREF="http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/">http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/</A>). We produced an inventory of sugarcane genes, candidates for exclusive or preferential expression during the nitrogen-fixing association. This data suggests that the host plant might be actively involved in the establishment of the interaction with G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans.
Off-site disposal eliminated with wet air oxidation (1982)

This article focuses on a solution to Northern Petrochemical's Morris, Ill. plant problem of the spent scrubbing solution from an acid gas scrubber being so high in caustic and organics that, if discharged to the in-plant biological waste treatment system, frequent pH upsets and COD overloads would occur. The off-site disposal method was expensive, and increasingly stringent standards for such methods could only cause further increases in cost and possible curtailment. Therefore, Northern Petrochemical wanted to provide an on-site disposal system fully under their own control. A host of treatment, recycle, and disposal methods were studied, including deep well disposal, chemical fixation, caustic recovery/recycle, and chemical oxidation. Wet air oxidation (WAO) was selected for detailed pilot tests because, in a single-train continuous process operation, the major problems associated with treating spent caustic were expected to be solved. The sulfides would be oxidized to soluble sulfate salts, the trace cyanides oxidized, and pH and COD reduced. This would be done without chemical addition or the generation of a sludge or waste by-product requiring off-site disposal. All waste caustic is now treated in the system, thus eliminating off-site disposal. Net savings for the first six months of operation have been $675,000--an annualmore » rate of savings of $1.3 million.« less
Protein–protein interactions of tandem affinity purification‐tagged protein kinases in rice (2006)

Forty-one rice cDNAs encoding protein kinases were fused to the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag and expressed in transgenic rice plants. The TAP-tagged kinases and interacting proteins were purified from the T1 progeny of the transgenic rice plants and identified by mass spectrometry. Ninety-five percent of the TAP-tagged kinases were recovered. Fifty-six percent of the TAP-tagged kinases were found to interact with other rice proteins. A number of these interactions were consistent with known protein complexes found in other species, validating the TAP-tag method in rice plants. Phosphorylation sites were identified on four of the kinases that interacted with either 14-3-3 proteins or cyclins.
Immune Mechanisms in Drug Allergy (2006)

Clinicians had suspected for years that drug eruptions were probably mediated by immune mechanisms because their timing suggested sensitization and specific immunologic memory rather than direct toxicity. An immune response to medications was also demonstrated by positive skin tests and by several types of in vitro tests that evidenced immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. In the last decade several teams of researchers obtained in vitro drug-specific human T-cell clones, in a variety of clinical types of drug eruptions. These clones were produced from blood or skin mononuclear cells of patients with a history of drug reaction by stimulation in vitro with drug. They were either of CD4 or CD8 phenotypes. Drug specific clones were stimulated by the parent drug much more often than by reactive metabolites. That challenged the classical "hapten hypothesis" that the immune response was initiated by reactive metabolites combined to self proteins. The medication usually stimulated specific T-cells after non-covalent binding to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells. In toxic epidermal necrolysis, T-lymphocytes present at the site of lesions, exhibited a drug specific cytotoxicity against autologous target cells, or allogeneic cells that shared the same HLA than autologous cells. This MHC class I restriction and mediation of death by perforin/granzyme release, is the classical behavior of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, like those operating in the reject of a transplanted organ. MHC restriction could explain the key role of HLA genes as predisposing factors to severe drug reactions. A strong association between HLA and hypersensitivity to abacavir, SJS or TEN to carbamazepine or allopurinol has been recently demonstrated. Resemblance to graft rejection points to the possible therapeution value of immuno suppressive agents. Most drug eruptions appear to result from T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity. The secondary activation of different cascades of cytokines, may contribute to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations.
Design of Elastomeric Vibration Isolation Mounting Systems for Internal Combustion Engines (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Internal Combustion engine, by nature a dynamic vibration source, requires a properly designed flexible mounting system to isolate those disturbing vibrations. To do this it is necessary to consider all six degrees of freedom of the engine and to use the computer to determine vibratory outputs for given inputs. An example of such a computer program is given. In addition, the design of a mount system requires consideration of static and dynamic force resistance and reduction, motion limitation, environmental resistance and service life requirements.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Elastomeric mounts can provide substantial noise reduction but due to the complexity of the noise problem, the prediction of the actual amount of reduction is more of an art than a science. High frequency problems caused by “standing waves” in an elastomeric mount are very much less likely to occur than those due to structural resonances. Examples of noise reductions due to the addition of elastomer mounts, on some actual vehicles, are given.</div>
Transferring knowledge in the relocation of manufacturing units (2010)

ABSTRACT<br/>Purpose--The global spread of production makes companies relocating their<br/>manufacturing units frequently. Not only equipments, systems and facilities, need to be<br/>moved, but the transfer of operational knowledge and experience seem to be a major<br/>challenge. However, discussions on knowledge transfer are derived predominantly from a<br/>cognitive perspective and normally focus on the organizational level. Thus, from the<br/>perspective of operations management, this paper aims to explore how to transfer<br/>production know-how on the shop floor level when manufacturing units are relocated and<br/>the paper indicate which means can be used to support this intra-firm transfer process.<br/>Design/methodology/approach--Four cases are identified from two action research<br/>projects on the basis of observations over one-and-half years and semi-structured<br/>interviews with more than 59 people. Other methods, such as surveys of documents,<br/>questionnaires, and Delphi are also used for supplementary.<br/>Findings--Four cases are analyzed from four aspects. By doing so, different relocation<br/>situations are identified; different types of transferred knowledge are recognized;<br/>different groups of means for knowledge transfer are introduced and classified according<br/>to their usages.<br/>Practical implementations--A framework is summarized to integrate all the elements<br/>discussed in this paper, which provides strong supports and clear directions to industrial<br/>managers when they need to transfer knowledge in the relocation projects. Together with<br/>the framework, a process to help managers implement their knowledge transfer is also<br/>proposed.<br/>Originality/value-- Besides the framework and process, this paper also indicates that<br/>absorptive capacity of a production unit depends not only on the level of technical<br/>competence at its site, but also on whether real manufacturing environment has already<br/>existed or not. Two means for establishing virtual manufacturing environment are<br/>suggested.<br/>
Optical Properties of a Fluorinated Polyimide as Related to Ethanol and Water-Vapor-Sensing Capability (2006)

Thin films of a fluorinated polyimide derived from 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine have been obtained by spin-coating a solution of polyimide powder dissolved in chloroform. The synthesized polyimide has been characterized by a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, solubility tests, optical transmission spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Changes in the intensity, peak shape, and position of the intrinsic fluorescence features as observed under exposure to ethanol and water vapors have been correlated to specific chemical interactions between the analytes and the macromolecules. Interactions stronger than dipole-dipole forces such as hydrogen bonds, evidenced by FTIR, are thought to play an important role in the changes of the fluorescence features. Single-wavelength fluorescence versus time measurements have also been performed by exposing the samples to alternating pulses of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and different organic-vapor concentrations in order to evaluate the response and recovery times and the quantitative determination capability of the material. The polymer proved to be sensitive to both the tested analytes, with response and recovery times in the order of the tens of seconds
Mitogenic stimulation of human breast cancer cells in a growth factor‐defined medium: Synergistic action of insulin and estrogen (1988)

The cooperative action of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and polypeptide growth factors in stimulating proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro was investigated. To prevent background estrogenic stimulation, only phenol red-free media were used. When cultured in media supplemented with steroid-stripped serum in which all polypeptide growth factor activity had been chemically inactivated, MCF7 cells were unable to proliferate and became virtually quiescent. In the additional presence of insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and E2, however, cells proliferated as rapidly as did cells cultured in media supplemented with fetal calf serum. Analysis by DNA flow cytometry showed that in the absence of external growth factors, MCF7 cells became arrested predominantly in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Upon addition of insulin in combination with EGF and E2, however, cells reentered the cell cycle with a high degree of synchrony. When added alone, E2 induced only slight mitogenic effects under these growth factor-defined conditions. In contrast, this steroid induced optimal proliferation in conventional steroid-stripped serum, which in itself contained considerable mitogenic activity. Insulin (at 10 micrograms/ml) was the most potent stimulator of MCF7 cell proliferation under growth factor-defined conditions, resulting in a more than sixfold increase in cell number after 96 hours. Other growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), and EGF had little effect by themselves and only slightly influenced insulin-induced proliferation. At suboptimal concentrations of insulin (10-100 ng/ml), however, strong synergism was observed between E2 and insulin in inducing MCF7 proliferation. Using the CG5 cell line, a highly E2-sensitive MCF7 variant, synergism with E2 was already observed at 1 ng/ml insulin. It is concluded that MCF7 cells require insulin (or insulin-like growth factors) for proliferation. At suboptimal insulin concentrations, E2 acts synergistically with insulin, possibly by inducing autocrine production of polypeptide growth factors by these cells.
Characterization of polyethers using different methods: SFC, LAC and SEC with different detectors, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS (1996)

Abstract Polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) and polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425) were analyzed using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in different solvents, normal and reversed phase liquid chromatography (NPLC and RPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and matrix‐assisted laserdesorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). In liquid chromatography, different detectors were used: density, refractive index (RI) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD).
SERCA pump isoforms: Their role in calcium transport and disease (2007)

The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) is a pump that transports calcium ions from the cytoplasm into the SR. It is present in both animal and plant cells, although knowledge of SERCA in the latter is scant. The pump shares the catalytic properties of ion-motive ATPases of the P-type family, but has distinctive regulation properties. The SERCA pump is encoded by a family of three genes, SERCA1, 2, and 3, that are highly conserved but localized on different chromosomes. The SERCA isoform diversity is dramatically enhanced by alternative splicing of the transcripts, occurring mainly at the COOH-terminal. At present, more than 10 different SERCA isoforms have been detected at the protein level. These isoforms exhibit both tissue and developmental specificity, suggesting that they contribute to unique physiological properties of the tissue in which they are expressed. The function of the SERCA pump is modulated by the endogenous molecules phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN), expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The mechanism of action of PLB on SERCA is well characterized, whereas that of SLN is only beginning to be understood. Because the SERCA pump plays a major role in muscle contraction, a number of investigations have focused on understanding its role in cardiac and skeletal muscle disease. These studies document that SERCA pump expression and activity are decreased in aging and in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including heart failure. Recently, SERCA pump gene transfer was shown to be effective in restoring contractile function in failing heart muscle, thus emphasizing its importance in muscle physiology and its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
A new identification and mitigation algorithm for second trip contamination (2011)

This paper presents a new algorithm to identify and mitigate the second trip contamination for the polarmetric weather radar employing the random phase coding. The algorithm is based on an auto/cross-correlation function (ACF/CCF) multi-lag processing method and the optimal use of instantaneous phase from polarimetric channels. It is specially designed for polarimetric weather signals with a random phase. Therefore, it is convenient to be implemented in a magnetron weather radar. The data processing of C-band polarimetric weather radar OU-PRIME demonstrates the effectiveness of identification and mitigation of the second trip echo.
POTENTIALITIES OF THE RADIOISOTOPE ELECTROSTATIC PROPULSION SYSTEM (1963)

Anticipated availability dictates the choice of cerium-144 as fuel for radioisotope electrostatic propulsion systems. With appropriate vehicle design, the gamma dosage can be acceptable for unmanned probe vehicles even without shielding. Good mission performance can be obtained with vehicles small enough for convenient mating with existing chemical boosters. Although launch-pad and boost-phase radiation hazards are serious problems, practical solutions may be possible. Manned interplanetary missions that require solar-flare absorption shielding appear to be feasible with this propulsion system. (auth)
Effects of Ozone on the Performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (2009)

Abstract The effects of ozone at concentrations near 1000 vppm in air on the performance of a single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were investigated. Ozone was injected to the cathode alternately with far longer operation periods at 0.54 A cm –2 with ozone‐free air. Impedance spectra were recorded before, during and after exposure to ozone. After the first ozone injection, the loss in voltage was reversible, so were the changes in the resistances of the cell. Subsequent injection periods damaged irreversibly the PEMFC assembly. TEM observations with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of the various parts of the PEMFC assembly together with the variations of the resistances allowed the ageing mechanism to be highlighted. Ozone was shown to allow partial dissolution of the Pt of the cathode catalyst. The charge transfer resistance was noticeably increased accordingly. Platinum re‐precipitated in the membrane bulk, and was also observed in the cathode‐side GDL. In addition, the likely degradation of the polymer near the triple‐point in the cathode could hinder gas solubility and water removal, as indicated by larger diffusion resistances.
Butyrate and trichostatin A effects on the proliferation/differentiation of human intestinal epithelial cells: induction of cyclin D3 and p21 expression (2000)

The data may explain how butyrate acts on cell proliferation/differentiation, and they show that trichostatin A does not reproduce every effect of butyrate, mainly because of its shorter half life.
The pharmacokinetic profile of pirenzepine. (1979)

This paper gives a brief review of the pharmacokinetic studies performed on pirenzepine (L S 519 Cl2, Gastrozepin hitherto. Particular attention will be paid thereby to the clinical significance of the pharmacokinetic parameters.
Purification of FAME by rice hull ash adsorption (2003)

Abstract Rice hull ash (RHA) and silica gel were used for purification of FAME by adsorption of FFA at atmospheric conditions. Studies demonstrated that silica gel is a better adsorbent than RHA in purifying FAME. However, both adsorbents were effective in reducing FFA levels from FAME extracts. The FFA adsorption efficiency increased with high FAME concentration and high adsorbent dosage. But FAME adsorption also increased with larger doses of adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms of FFA were determined with both adsorbents. FFA adsorption displayed Freundlich‐type isotherms.
Metal Injection Molding of Pre-alloyed TiAl Powders with Various Ti/Al Ratios. (1995)

Sintered binary Ti-Al compacts with various Ti/Al ratios prepared by metal injection molding process were investigated. Powder materials used for this study were pre-alloyed TiAl powders (average particle size:10μm), which compositions were Ti55Al45, Ti52Al48, Ti50Al50, Ti48Al52 and Ti45Al55. The green compacts were debound in air or vacuum(102Pa order). Subsequently, they were sintered at 1648K for 7.2ks in vacuum(10-2Pa).Sintered densities of the compacts after air debinding were lower than that of the compacts after vacuum debinding for all compositions. Relative sintered densities of Ti55Al45 to Ti48Al52 compacts after vacuum debinding were above 96.5%. A Ti45Al55 compact had lower density(94.5%) than the others. Microstructures of the former were composed of two phases of γ and α2. The latter showed γ-phase only. Lamellar structure was observed in the microstructures of Ti55Al45 to Ti50Al50 compacts. Tensile strength at room temperature of Ti55Al45 to Ti48Al52 compacts were in the range of approximately 350-400MPa. A Ti48Al52 compact had the highest strength in all of the TiAl compacts.
Hopf Bifurcation in the Presence of Both Parametric and External Stochastic Excitations (1988)

In this paper the effect of small parametric and external stochastic perturbations on a two-dimensional system exhibiting Hopf bifurcation is discussed in detail. It is shown that even small fluctuations in parameters can have an important effect when the system is in the neighborhood of bifurcation points. The Markov diffusion approximation is used to obtain analytical results relating to the statistical properties of the stochastic response. Both moment and sample stability conditions along with the stationary moments are obtained. For the nonlinear system, stationary and transient probability densities are found along with their stationary moments. It was found that in nonlinear systems, a shift of the bifurcation point takes place due to the presence of parametric noise.
Reviewing the Forces of Electret Motors by Applying Maxwell Stress Tensor and Delta Function (1995)

The forces exerted on the electret rotors of the conventional Gubkin- and Jefimenko-type electret motors and the intermediate-type motor have been derived systematically using the Maxwell stress tensor and delta function. The delta function is effective in deriving the force due to the edges of a pair of stator electrodes of the Gubkin-type motor. The force based on the so-called slot effect appearing in the Jefimenko-type motor can be derived as the sum of the forces due to the edges of the pairs of stator electrodes constituting the slots. The equation derived for total force of a Jefimenko-type motor has the form of the sum of two total forces appearing in two simple slot effect transducers in which each electret has a different charge density. The equations obtained here for the forces have the same forms as those previously obtained using the energy principle.
Microglia as a source and target of cytokines (2002)

Cytokines constitute a significant portion of the immuno- and neuromodulatory messengers that can be released by activated microglia. By virtue of potent effects on resident and invading cells, microglial cyto- and chemokines regulate innate defense mechanisms, help the initiation and influence the type of immune responses, participate in the recruitment of leukocytes to the CNS, and support attempts of tissue repair and recovery. Microglia can also receive cyto- and chemokine signals as part of auto- and paracrine communications with astrocytes, neurons, the endothelium, and leukocyte infiltrates. Strong responses and modulatory influences can be demonstrated, adding to the emerging view that microglial behavior is highly dependent on the (cytokine) environment and that reactions to a challenge may vary with the stimulation context. In principle, microglial activation aims at CNS protection. However, failed microglial engagement due to excessive or sustained activation could significantly contribute to acute and chronic neuropathologies. Dysregulation of microglial cytokine production could thereby promote harmful actions of the defense mechanisms, result in direct neurotoxicity, as well as disturb neural cell functions as they are sensitive to cytokine signaling.