gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo localization of C3 on the brush border of proximal tubules of kidneys from nephrotic patients. (1985)

Deposits of C3 but not of C1q and C4 were detected on the proximal tubules of kidneys from nephrotic patients with non-selective proteinuria. The incidence of tubular C3 deposits was significantly higher in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and non-selective proteinuria than in patients with minimal change disease, nephrotic syndrome and selective proteinuria or in patients with glomerular disease, but without nephrotic syndrome. The occurrence of tubular C3 deposits was positively correlated with the amount of urinary C3 excretion. In vitro studies showed that the human normal kidney as well as pathologic specimens negative for in vivo tubular C3 deposits were able to bind C3 on the brush border of proximal tubules when incubated with fresh heterologous serum. In contrast, in patients with non-selective proteinuria and in vivo tubular C3 deposits, the binding of heterologous C3 to the brush border of proximal tubules was markedly reduced. The positive correlation between the occurrence of tubular C3 deposits and the urinary complement excretion, together with the detection of the C3 breakdown products in the urines further supported the hypothesis that complement components, once filtrated through the glomerular barrier, might be activated by the brush border of the proximal tubule.
Molecular simulation of cu-sam adhesion force (2005)

The interface of Copper-EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound) is known to be the weakest joint in the electronic package design, which causes delamination during reliability test. A prime reason is the poor adhesion between Cu and epoxy compound. To solve the problem, We have used self-assembly monolayer (SAM) to improve adhesion of copper-epoxy system. This paper focuses on simulation of adhesion in Cu-SAM system. In this study, molecular models of bi-material system, which consists of SAM and Cu, were built to evaluate adhesion force of the Cu-SAM system. In order to dramatically reduce the computational time, only the copper tip and SAM substrate were modeled with a limited number of atoms. After energy minimization of the whole structure, tensile stresses were applied to the whole structure to simulate the debonding process, and the ultimate stress was obtained when the two materials delaminates completely. The adhesion force between the copper tip and the SAM can be evaluated from the ultimate tensile stress. The molecular model results were compared with AFM results in which adhesion force between Cu tip and SAM coated copper substrate were measured. Two different types of SAM material were used in this study. The paper intended to relate closely adhesion by using MD simulation, and the underlying physics for the explanation to the adhesion phenomenon for further understanding of failure mechanism of interfacial delamination.
Detection of and Compensation for EMG Disturbances for Powered Lower Limb Prosthesis Control (2015)

Myoelectric pattern recognition algorithms have been proposed for the control of powered lower limb prostheses, but electromyography (EMG) signal disturbances remain an obstacle to clinical implementation. To address this problem, we used a log-likelihood metric to detect simulated EMG disturbances and real disturbances acquired from EMG containing electrode shift. We found that features extracted from disturbed EMG have much lower log likelihoods than those from undisturbed signals and can be detected using a single threshold acquired from the training data. We designed a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier that uses the log likelihood to decide between using a combination of EMG and mechanical sensors and using mechanical sensors only, to predict locomotion modes. When EMG contained disturbances, our classifier detected those disturbances and disregarded EMG data. Our classifier had significantly lower errors than a standard LDA classifier in the presence of EMG disturbances. The log-likelihood classifier had a low false positive threshold, and thus did not perform significantly differently from the standard LDA classifier when EMG did not contain disturbances. The log-likelihood threshold could also be applied to individual EMG channels, enabling specific channels containing EMG disturbances to be appropriately ignored when making locomotion mode predictions.
[Spectrophotometric and chromatographic investigation of bilberry anthocyanins for qualification purposes]. (1994)

Analysis of the bilberry anthocyanin extracts of different origin (French, Polish, Roumanian and Italian) was performed for qualification and identification. Direct spectrophotometry was considered as simple, informative method for controlling the purity of the extracts and proving the presence of polyphenols with the estimation of the ratio A1 cm1% 535/A1 cm1% 280. Thin-layer chromatography is an appropriate technique for the separation of 5 to 6 constituents in the extracts for qualification and for the evaluation of compound-ratios by TLC-densitometry. The new RP-HPLC gradient procedure seemed to be the best method for the standardization of bilberry extracts by the separation and quantitative estimation of 12 anthocyanins. Therefore it is of great value in the standardization of anthocyanin extracts and crude drugs containing them.
Smoking and matrix metalloproteinases, neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in chronic periodontitis (2010)

Our findings of significantly elevated serum MMP-9, MPO, NE together with decreased TIMP-1 in smoker CP patients than non-smokers support that smoking together with periodontal destruction may expose/predispose to cardiovascular diseases.
How deep is knowledge tracing? (2016)

In theoretical cognitive science, there is a tension between highly structured models whose parameters have a direct psychological interpretation and highly complex, general-purpose models whose parameters and representations are difficult to interpret. The former typically provide more insight into cognition but the latter often perform better. This tension has recently surfaced in the realm of educational data mining, where a deep learning approach to predicting students' performance as they work through a series of exercises---termed deep knowledge tracing or DKT---has demonstrated a stunning performance advantage over the mainstay of the field, Bayesian knowledge tracing or BKT. In this article, we attempt to understand the basis for DKT's advantage by considering the sources of statistical regularity in the data that DKT can leverage but which BKT cannot. We hypothesize four forms of regularity that BKT fails to exploit: recency effects, the contextualized trial sequence, inter-skill similarity, and individual variation in ability. We demonstrate that when BKT is extended to allow it more flexibility in modeling statistical regularities---using extensions previously proposed in the literature---BKT achieves a level of performance indistinguishable from that of DKT. We argue that while DKT is a powerful, useful, general-purpose framework for modeling student learning, its gains do not come from the discovery of novel representations---the fundamental advantage of deep learning. To answer the question posed in our title, knowledge tracing may be a domain that does not require `depth'; shallow models like BKT can perform just as well and offer us greater interpretability and explanatory power.
Active Noise Cancellation at Powertrain Oil Pan (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Under city driving conditions, the powertrain represents one of the major vehicle exterior noise sources. Especially at idle and during full load acceleration, the oil pan contributes significantly to the overall powertrain sound emission. The engine oilpan can be a significant contributor to the powertrain radiated sound levels. Passive optimization measures, such as structural optimization and acoustic shielding, can be limited by e.g. light-weight design, package and thermal constraints. Therefore, the potential of the Active Structure Acoustic Control (ASAC) method for noise reduction was investigated within the EU-sponsored project InMAR. The method has proven to have significant noise reduction potential with respect to oil pan vibration induced noise.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper reports on activities within the InMAR project with regard to a passenger car oil pan application of an ASAC system based on piezo-ceramic foil technology.</div>
Phonetically-driven CELP coding using self-organizing maps (1993)

Results obtained by combining SOMs (self-organizing maps) with CELP (code excited linear prediction)-type speech coders are presented. The emphasis has been on exploiting the structured codebook that a SOM provides. Three different research directions have been addressed. The authors have tested, on a 3400-bit/s PS-VXC (phonetically segmented vector excitation coding), the use of information from SOMs as a flexible strategy for phonetic segmentation. The efficient encoding of the LPC (linear predictive coding) envelope was proposed to reduce the bit rate in a PS-VXC down to 3100 bit/s without perceptible degradations in the final quality. This efficient representation of LPC parameters was also combined with a phonetic-classification strategy to provide an improved 2400 bit/s CELP. Finally the authors present an efficient procedure for exploiting SOMs for a fast search quantization procedure that greatly reduces the complexity for VQ (vector quantization) of the spectral envelope.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Potent and Novel α4β1 Antagonists Using in Silico Screening (2002)

The antigen alpha4beta1 (very late antigen-4, VLA-4) plays an important role in the migration of white blood cells to sites of inflammation. It has been implicated in the pathology of a variety of diseases including asthma, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We describe a series of potent inhibitors of alpha4beta1 that were discovered using computational screening for replacements of the peptide region of an existing tetrapeptide-based alpha4beta1 inhibitor (1; 4-[N'-(2-methylphenyl)ureido]phenylacetyl-Leu-Asp-Val) derived from fibronectin. The search query was constructed using a model of 1 that was based upon the X-ray conformation of the related integrin-binding region of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The 3D search query consisted of the N-terminal cap and the carboxyl side chain of 1 because, upon the basis of existing structure-activity data on this series, these were known to be critical for high-affinity binding to alpha4beta1. The computational screen identified 12 reagents from a virtual library of 8624 molecules as satisfying the model and our synthetic filters. All of the synthesized compounds tested inhibit alpha4beta1 association with VCAM-1, with the most potent compound having an IC(50) of 1 nM, comparable to the starting compound. Using CATALYST, a 3D QSAR was generated that rationalizes the variation in activities of these alpha4beta1 antagonists. The most potent compound was evaluated in a sheep model of asthma, and a 30 mg nebulized dose was able to inhibit early and late airway responses in allergic sheep following antigen challenge and prevented the development of nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness to carbachol. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to rapidly identify nonpeptidic replacements of integrin peptide antagonists. This approach should be useful in identification of nonpeptidic alpha4beta1 inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties relative to their peptidic counterparts.
DEFICARD: health card project for flexible decentralized patient management after implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (2002)

Due to an increased number of cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations and more than 1700 follow-up examinations (FU) per year for ICD-patients, the DEFICARD concept (PC-aided database, multifunctional microprocessor card) was developed at the University Hospital Hannover. The primary aim of DEFICARD was to delegate the FU work to other qualified outpatient clinics and to establish a flexible decentralized ICD-patient management of high quality. Since 11/1993 80 patients have received the DEFICARD and 195 FU visits have been documented up to June 1995. The main purpose of this first test phase of DEFICARD was to evaluate and to establish a standardized ICD documentation by chipcard as the fundamental basis of decentralized patient management and to analyze patients' acceptance. Results of the first analyses of pooled DEFICARD data showed high quality of documentation and a high patients' acceptance and cooperation could be observed too.
Room-temperature silicon light-emitting diodes based on dislocation luminescence (2004)

We demonstrate electroluminescence (EL) with an external efficiency of more than 0.1% at room temperature from glide dislocations in silicon. The key to this achievement is a considerable reduction of nonradiative carrier recombination at dislocations due to impurities and core defects by impurity gettering and hydrogen passivation, respectively, which is shown by means of deep-level transient spectroscopy. Time-resolved EL measurements reveal a response time below 1.8 μs, which is much faster, compared to the band-to-band luminescence of bulk silicon.
Adenosine stimulates canine retinal microvascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation (1998)

This in vitro analysis suggests that adenosine may stimulate retinal vasculogenesis, an event which involves migration of angioblasts and their assembly into vascular cords, prior to canalization.
Statistical design of macro-models for RT-level power evaluation (2002)

This paper introduces the notion of cycle-accurate macro-models for RT-level power evaluation. These macro-models provide us with the capability to estimate the circuit power dissipation cycle by cycle at RT-level without the need to invoke low level simulations. The statistical framework allows us to compute the error interval for the predicted value from the user specified confidence level. The proposed macro-model generation strategy has been applied to a number of RT-level blocks and detailed results and comparisons are provided.
Key refreshment management for conditional access system in DTV broadcasting (2005)

This work presents a key refreshment management scheme for a conditional access system (CAS) in DTV broadcasting. The proposed scheme not only performs dynamic entitlement management securely and efficiently, but also reduces the key generation and encryption load for CAS.
A Risk Model for Thrombocytopenia Requiring Platelet Transfusion After Cytotoxic Chemotherapy (1998)

Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare but life-threatening side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy for which risk factors are not well known. Our objective was to delineate a risk model for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions in cancer patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions were performed on the cohort of the 1,051 patients (CLB 1996) treated with chemotherapy in the Department of Medicine of the Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) in 1996. In univariate analysis, performance status (PS) greater than 1, platelet count less than 150,000/μL at day 1 (d1) before the initiation of chemotherapy, d1 lymphocyte count ≤700/μL, d1 polymorphonuclear leukocyte count less than 1,500/μL, and the type of chemotherapy (high risk v others) were significantly associated (P < .01) with an increased risk of severe thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions. Using logistic regression, d1 platelet count less than 150,000/μL (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 9.6), d1 lymphocyte counts ≤700/μL (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.77 to 6.4), the type of chemotherapy (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.77 to 6.4), and PS greater than 1 (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.1) were identified as independent risk factors for platelet transfusions. The observed incidences of platelet transfusions were 45%, 13%, 7%, and 1.5% for patients with ≥3, 2, 1, or 0 risk factors, respectively. This model was then tested in 3 groups of patients treated with chemotherapy used as validation samples: (1) the series of 340 patients treated in the CLB in the first 6 months of 1997, (2) the prospective multicentric cohort of 321 patients of the ELYPSE 1 study, and (3) the series of 149 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated in the CLB within prospective phase III trials (1987 to 1995). In these 3 groups, the observed incidences of platelet transfusions in the above-defined risk groups did not differ significantly (P > .1) from those calculated in the model. This risk index could be useful to identify patients at high risk for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions.
Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Replication by Human Herpesvirus 8 (2001)

The results demonstrated a significant increase in HIV-1 replication in the presence of HHV-8 in both the in vitro and in vivo model systems. Although the mechanism responsible for HHV-8 induction of HIV-1 replication remains to be identified, the results indicate that these 2 viruses may interact at the molecular level in coinfected patients, resulting in increased HIV-1 viral load.
Chemical modification of diamond powder using photolysis of perfluoroazooctane (2003)

Photolysis of perfluoroazooctane with diamond powders led to chemical modification of the surface with the introduction of perfluorooctyl ester and ether functional groups, the presence of which was confirmed by means of FT-IR, XPS and 19F NMR measurements.
The Structures of New Fortimicins Having Double Bonds in Their Purpurosamine Moieties (1980)

In 1972, Dr. Nara and his co-workers of Kyowa Hakko discovered a new type of aminoglycosides, named fortimicins (1,2), in the fermentation broths of Micromonospora species. Fortimicin is a pseudo disaccharide composed of a 6-epi-purpurosamine B and a novel 1,4-diaminocyclitol. Fortimicin A(FM-A) is the major component and its structure has been determined by the Abbott group together with that of a minor component, fortimicin B(FM-B) (3). The structure of FM-B has also been determined by single X-ray crystal analysis in our laboratories (4). A couple of years later we isolated three minor components, fortimicins C, D, and KE, from the fermantation broth of the same organism (5, 6) (Figure 1). Recently Dr. Deushi and his co-workers of Kowa reported isolation of sporaricins A and B which are 1-epi-2-deoxyfortimicins A and B, respectively (7). We have continued to search for fortimicins having substantial antibiotic activity and have isolated a number of
Treatment-refractory bipolar disorder: classification to aid in clinical management (2009)

Bipolar disorder is an illness with complex symptomatology that encompasses severe symptoms of mood and thought disorder and can limit the cognitive range of human brain functioning. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition and International Classification of Mental Disorder recommend subgroups of bipolar disorder based on symptoms, illness severity, and frequency of episodes. Pharmacological agents commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder include lithium; anticonvulsants, such as valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine; and recent years have witnessed increasing use of atypical antipsychotics. There are several intra- and inter-class differences in these compounds, especially relating to polarity of mood episode under consideration. Monotherapy trials have focused on efficacy of the compounds; few have explored combination therapy, especially in patients failing to respond or inadequately responding to one agent. Clinicians have frequently prescribed two or more compounds to stabilize moods. Monotherapy treatment of bipolar manic episode with various compounds including atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers such as lithium, valproic acid and carbamazepine yielded response rates of 50%. However, combination therapy of atypical antipsychotics with valproic acid or lithium offered an additional 20% improvement in the response rates. The article will review published data on augmentation studies, comment on case reports published in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder, and propose a new classification guideline for staging treatment-refractory bipolar disorder.
Transmission of subband-coded images via mobile channels (1993)

The feasibility of a mobile video handset is investigated for Rayleigh-fading channels, where transmissions must be confined to the channel's coherence bandwidth to avoid the deployment of complex high-power-consumption channel equalizers. This necessitates the utilization of a low-bit-rate image codec error-protected by embedded low-complexity BCH codecs and spectrally efficient 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM). Motion-compensated nonuniform seven-band subband coding with subband-specific scanning, adaptive quantization, runlength coding, and adaptive buffering to equalize bit-rate fluctuations offer good objective and subjective image quality at moderate complexity and a bit-rate of 55 kb/s. Using a twin-class embedded-BCH error protection as well as pilot symbol 16 QAM and diversity assisted, the 22 kBd candidate system yields unimpaired image quality for average channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in excess of about 16-18 dB, when the mobile speed is 4 miles/h.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Label-free intracellular transport measured by spatial light interference microscopy (2011)

We show that applying the Laplace operator to a speckle-free quantitative phase image reveals an unprecedented level of detail in cell structure, without the gradient artifacts associated with differential interference contrast microscopy, or photobleaching and phototoxicity limitations common in fluorescence microscopy. This method, referred to as Laplace phase microscopy, is an efficient tool for tracking vesicles and organelles in living cells. The principle is demonstrated by tracking organelles in cardiomyocytes and vesicles in neurites of hippocampal neurons, which to our knowledge are the first label-free diffusion measurements of the organelles in such cells.
Transcytosis of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles through an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model (2020)

Bacterial EVs have been related to inter-kingdom communication between probiotic/pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. Our aim was to investigate the transcytosis process of B. subtilis EVs using an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model. In this study, using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, we report that uptake and internalization of CFSE-labeled B. subtilis EVs (115 nm ± 27 nm) by Caco-2 cells are time-dependent. To study the transcytosis process we used a transwell system and EVs were quantified in the lower chamber by Fluorescence and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis measurements. Intact EVs are transported across a polarized cell monolayer at 60-120 min and increased after 240 min with an estimated average uptake efficiency of 30% and this process is dose-dependent. EVs movement into intestinal epithelial cells was mainly through Z axis and scarcely on X and Y axis. This work demonstrates that EVs could be transported across the gastrointestinal epithelium. We speculate this mechanism could be the first step allowing EVs to reach the bloodstream for further delivery up to extraintestinal tissues and organs. The expression and further encapsulation of bioactive molecules into natural nanoparticles produced by probiotic bacteria could have practical implications in food, nutraceuticals and clinical therapies.