gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security, Privacy and Legal Issues in Pervasive eHealth Monitoring Systems (2008)

In this paper we analyze the security and privacy requirements of eHealth monitoring systems which use wireless sensor networks. Based on our experience developing our eHealth system, ReMoteCare, we have devised a model of such systems which we use to discuss threats and attacks, address security requirements and give guidelines for security mechanisms. The contentious issues of privacy of medical data are canvassed - especially as there are legal ramifications if personal health information is compromised.
Estimation Of Temperature Distribution In Biological Tissue By Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter (2006)

In the rapid development of biomedical ultrasound, especially in the ultrasound therapy, it is desirable to monitor the temperature distribution of the tissues. In this paper the dependence of nonlinearity parameter on the temperature distribution in tissues can be estimated by measuring the nonlinearity parameter B/A. The obtained results are compared with the theoretical calculation of heat conductive model as well as the experiments by the thermocouple. Research work indicated that B/A could be used as an effective tool to monitor the temperature distribution in biological media.
A Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Third-Generation Oral Contraceptive Desogestrel (1999)

Desogestrel (1) has been synthesized enantioselectively by a 14-step process from the known and readily available precursor 3, as outlined in Chart 2. At the heart of this process is the short, convergent, and stereocontrolled method for forming the tetracyclic ring system and the critical 11-exomethylene function, that is, the sequence of steps 6 → 8 → → 12. All steps of the synthesis proceed in good yield.
Guided Waves in Plates and Their Use in Materials Characterization (1997)

In this review article, the ultrasonic characterization of materials using guided plate waves and their usage to elucidate mechanical properties of plate-like structures is reviewed. The purpose here is to summarize and explain the large body of theoretical and experimental work in this developing field. It is also to gain a perspective on recent salient contributions and to analyze the current state of knowledge and practice in guided wave ultrasonics. Models of waves in plates are examined, as are the means to generate and detect them. Their application to several problems of current interest in materials characterization is treated in detail. In particular, composite materials and their inspection and characterization have been a major impetus in the development of guided wave methods. Techniques to inspect composites sensitively and reliably for defects and to probe their micromechanical behavior are a major focus of this article. Also considered are the characterization of adhesive bonds, the measurement of stress and texture, and the detection of defects using guided waves. This review article contains 362 references.
Association of Asthma with Serum IgE and Skin Test Reactivity to Allergens among Children Living at High Altitude. Tickling the Dragon's Breath (1995)

Asthma in children and young adults is strongly associated with immediate hypersensitivity to indoor allergens, notably those derived from the house dust mite. In addition, outdoor air pollution is considered to aggravate existing asthma. We investigated the prevalence of asthma and the pattern of allergen sensitization in a mite-free environment with low levels of outdoor air pollution. A total of 567 children aged between 12 and 14 attending Los Alamos Middle School, NM (altitude 7,200 feet) were screened using a respiratory questionnaire; 120 children (53 control children) underwent allergen skin testing and serum IgE measurement, and their bronchial reactivity to histamine was measured. Dust was collected from 111 homes and the level of indoor mite and cat allergen measured. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was high (13%), and from the detailed testing it was estimated that 6.3% of the children had asthma (defined as symptomatic bronchial reactivity). Children with asthma had elevated IgE, 367 (179 to 755) versus 38 (23 to 61), and predominant sensitization to cat, 68 versus 20% (p < 0.001). A high number of households (77%) had a pet cat or dog. The concentration of mite allergen was very low (mean 0.18 micrograms Der p milligrams sieved house dust), whereas that of cat allergen was high in homes with a cat (80.8 micrograms Fel d milligrams) but also in homes with no cat (3.2 micrograms Fel d milligrams). The results show that in a mite-free environment with low levels of outdoor air pollution, asthma was still a major cause of morbidity among schoolchildren.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the preparation of pure states in resonant microcavities (2004)

Abstract We consider the time evolution of the radiation field (R) and a two-level atom (A) in a resonant microcavity in terms of the Jaynes-Cummings model with an initial general pure quantum state for the radiation field. It is then shown, using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and also a Poisson resummation technique, that perfect coherence of the atom can in general never be achieved. The atom and the radiation field are, however, to a good approximation in a pure state ∥ψ〉A⊗R=∥ψ〉A×∥ψ〉R in the middle of what has been traditionally called the ‘collapse region’, independent of the initial state of the atoms, provided that the initial pure state of the radiation field has a photon number probability distribution which is sufficiently peaked and phase differences that do not vary significantly around this peak. An approximate analytic expression for the quantity Tr[ρ2 A(t)], where ρA (t) is the reduced density matrix for the atom, is derived. We also show that under quite general circumstances an initial entangled pure state will be disentangled to the pure state ∥ψ〉PSA⊗R.
Ferrite-Loaded Membranes of Microfibrillar Bacterial Cellulose Prepared by in Situ Precipitation (1998)

Uniform magnetic membranes are obtained from microfibrillar bacterial cellulose suspensions loaded with nanosized ferrites (mainly magnetite). The cellulose microfibrils act as a nucleation site for the growing ferrites, as clearly visible by trasmission electron microscopy.
Crystalline Insulin (1926)

It must be pointed out that this is a consequence only if we also reject chain re- actions in which consecutively normal ozone molecules are decomposed for the activa- tion of some molecule in successive steps, which, after a sufficient number of such steps, may clearly be made to possess enough energy to account for the observed excitation energies.Chain mechanisms of this type, and of such a design as to actually account for the observed radiation appear, from energy considerations and our knowledge of the kinetics of ozone decomposition, to be highly improbable.1 f By this activation there is understood any passage of the ozone molecule to a form of higher energy.Thus a possible form of activation would be 08 -02 + 0. 6 Trautz aid Seidel, Ann.Physik, 67, 527 (1922). 7 In regard to the possibility of reaction between ozone and impurity affording suffi- cient energy to account for the luminescence observed without any activation of these reactants, it may be pointed out that if it be assumed, in view of the work of Trautz and Seidel referred to above, that it is the reaction between ozone and carbon monoxide which yields the energy that excites the luminescence, the conclusions of this paper remain substantially unchanged.For, while this reaction affords more energy than
An Instrument for Measuring the Density of Air Entrained Fluids (1972)

Abstract A simple solution to a problem which has often caused problem which has often caused significant error in the density measurement of fluids has been achieved. Some fluids, e.g., viscous cement slurries and drilling fluids, tend to entrain or trap a considerable volume of air. An instrument which effectively compensates for this air entrainment has recently been developed. In the petroleum industry, this instrument can be utilized at the surface of a gas or oil well site, and yet give a good indication of the density of a fluid at subsurface or downhole conditions. The basic concepts and physical premises on which the instrument premises on which the instrument was designed are discussed and analyzed in this paper. History The measurement and control of the density of drilling fluids (muds) and cement slurries has long been an important factor in the drilling of oil and gas wells. If the density of the fluid being pumped into the well is too low and a pumped into the well is too low and a high pressure zone is encountered, a blowout may quickly develop. on the other hand, if the fluid density is too high and a low pressure or "thief" zone is encountered, large quantities of expensive fluid can be lost to the formation which can also result in a blowout. A variety of devices are used in determining the density of a fluid, with the conventional mud balance being the present recognized petroleum industry standard. The standard mud balance consists of a base and graduated arm with cup, lid, knife edge-type pivot point, sliding weight, bubble pivot point, sliding weight, bubble level and counterweight.
[Sequence polymorphism of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 in cervical cancer]. (2005)

The most frequently observed substitution in HPV16 E7 open reading frame occurs in the discrete regions of 647-846, and some substitutions result in the same-sense mutation. The hot-spot mutation of HPV16 E7 in cervical cancers in Guangdong Province occurs at the nucleotide 647 and 846 in the DNA sequence.
Two Methyl Tri-<i>O</i>-benzoyl-hex-enopyranosides Are Amongst the Products of the Reaction of Methyl 2,3,6-Tri-<i>O</i>-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside with Dimethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) (1992)

Abstract In the past, we have used deoxyfluoro sugars as probes for studies of ligand-anti-body interactions.1–3 Investigations of the putative role of hydrogen bonding in the binding process involving antibodies that show specificity for epitopes containing β-D-glucopyranose required hitherto unknown methyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). For the synthesis of 5, we have chosen the readily available4 methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) as the starting material, and diethylaminosulfur trifluoride DAST) as the fluorinating reagent. Although DAST has been frequently used to produce fluorinated carbohydrates in high yields, the outcome of the reaction is somewhat unpredictable. Treatment of carbohydrates with the reagent has occasionally resulted in the formation of unexpected side products.5–9 and no specific rules exist regarding the application of DAST for the preparation of fluorosugars. In fact, high yields of the desired products of the substitution with fluoride ion have been sometimes obtained when DAST was applied under conditions generally known to favor elimination over substitution, e.g. in the presence of a base.10–13 Olefinic products resulting from treatments of carbohydrates with DAST have been sporadically isolated and characterized. Here we describe the title reaction which we believe is unique in that two products of elimination have been formed, as a consequence of attacks of the proton-abstracting species at different sites in the molecule.
Distributed Lighting Systems: Uniform Light Delivery (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High efficiency distributed lighting systems for automotive vehicles are now possible with the development of high brightness Xenon Metal Halide light sources and the advent of new low loss, low cost light pipes. In principle, all of the lighting functions in a vehicle can now be accomplished with one or two such sources in combination with the appropriate distribution harness and delivery optics. However, to achieve practical ‘whole vehicle’ systems, the solution to a number of problems must still be demonstrated. A fundamental problem has been uniformly feeding small cross-sectional area distribution harnesses with light in a low loss and reproducible manner. This paper describes nearly lossless devices that provide the required uniform light delivery.</div>
A Pilot Dose-Escalation Safety Study of Tenecteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2005)

TNK doses of 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg are safe in ischemic stroke. Future trials are needed to compare the effect of TNK on neurological outcome and safety as compared with rtPA.
Characterization of Planar Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by Impedance Spectroscopy, Open-Circuit Photovoltage Decay, and Intensity-Modulated Photovoltage/Photocurrent Spectroscopy (2015)

Thin film lead halide perovskite cells, where the perovskite layer is deposited directly onto a flat titania blocking layer, have reached AM 1.5 efficiencies of over 15%,1 showing that the mesoporous scaffold used in early types of perovskite solar cells is not essential. We used a variety of techniques to gain a better understanding of thin film perovskite cells prepared by a solution-based method. Twelve cells were studied, which showed AM 1.5 efficiencies of ∼11%. The properties of the cells were investigated using impedance spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and open-circuit photovoltage decay (OCVD). Despite the fact that all 12 cells were prepared at the same time under nominally identical conditions, their behavior fell into two distinct groups. One half of the cells exhibited ideality factors of m ≈ 2.5, and the other half showed ideality factors of m ≈ 5. Impedance spectroscopy carried out under illumination at open circuit for a range of intensities showed that the cell capacitance was dominated by the geometric capacitance of the perovskite layer rather than the chemical or diffusion capacitance due to photogenerated carriers. The voltage dependence of the recombination resistance gave ideality factors similar to those derived from the intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage. The IMVS time constant was determined by the product of the geometric capacitance and the recombination resistance. The two types of cells gave very different OCVD responses. The cells with m ≈ 2.5 showed a persistent photovoltage effect that was absent in the case of the cells with higher ideality factors. The IMPS responses provide evidence of minor efficiency losses by recombination under short-circuit conditions.
Spend Analysis: The Window into Strategic Sourcing (2008)

A growing number of senior executives are coming to realize that strategic supply management can be a significant driver of improved corporate performance and better risk management. Spend analysis is the most critical component, and the starting point, of strategic supply management and is essential to achieving world-class performance. If you cannot analyze your spend data, many opportunities for improvement beyond the low hanging fruit are without doubt being missed. One of the foundation blocks for transforming an organizations practices to world-class supply management is the business process called strategic sourcing. And one of the requirements for enabling world-class strategic sourcing results is rigorous spend analysis. There is a lot of confusion on what constitutes spend analysis and what benefits can it provide. Spend analysis can help improve several areas: the identification of cost reduction opportunities, the prioritization of sourcing projects, the negotiated results, and the tracking and monitoring to ensure that negotiated results reach the bottom-line. It can also play an important role in improving compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley. However, implementations are complex and involve many departments within an organization. If the implementations are done correctly, they can yield high ROI. If not, they can consume money and deliver no returns due to lack of adoption. Spend Analysis: The Window into Strategic Sourcing is the definitive text on this important subject, written by leaders in the field. It is currently the only reference that provides in-depth guidance on what spend analysis really is, what it specifically involves, and how to use it in your journey to world-class performance. It provides both an executive overview and technical details for practitioners. Readers do not need specialized knowledge in database systems, information technology or any other field to gain insights from reading this book. It is a must read for procurement, supply chain management, operations, and finance executives, and for practitioners and consultants. Key Features: -Offers guidelines and examples for building a business case for spend analysis and enumerates the important factors that ensure a successful implementation -Includes case studies and various examples of savings opportunities revealed by spend analysis -Provides information on transaction data and source systems used in spend analysis and explores various components of spend analysis application in detail -Compares commonly used Industry Standard Commodity Taxonomies which play an important role not just in spend analysis but across the entire ERP footprint -Presents advanced concepts in spend analysis such as how it can be used in combination with other applications and how it can drive better compliance
Studies of HLA, fertility and mate choice in a human isolate (1999)

The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in pregnancy and in human mate choice has been investigated in the Hutterites, an inbred population of European origins. High-resolution HLA haplotypes were defined by alleles at 16 loci in >1000 Hutterites. Prospective studies of pregnancy outcome previously demonstrated increased fetal loss rates among Hutterite couples matching for HLA-B antigens (P = 0.033) or for the entire 16-locus haplotype (P = 0.002). Among living children of couples matching for HLA-B or for the haplotype, there was a non-significant deficit of children who were heterozygous and compatible with the mother; the number of living children who were compatible and homozygous or incompatible and heterozygous was not different than expectations (HLA-B, P = 0.095; haplotype, P = 0.376). Mate choice among 411 couples was non-random with respect to the HLA haplotype, assessed by a variety of methods (P = 0.020 to <0.001). These combined data indicate a role for HLA region genes in both pregnancy outcome and mate choice, and suggest that selection acting on these genes occurs pre-conceptually as well as during pregnancy. This review outlines previously published studies on HLA, fertility and mate choice in the Hutterites.
Surface studies of pristine and surface‐modified polypyrrole films (1996)

Polypyrrole (PPY) films having high conductivity were synthesized electrochemically in acetonitrile at low temperature and low current density. Pristine, deprotonated, and ozone-pretreated PPY films were subjected to either thermally induced or near-UV-light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), or sodium salt of 4-styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS). Surface structures and redox states of the pristine, deprotonated, reprotonated, and surface-modified polypyrrole films were studied by angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the PPY surface after modification by graft co-polymerization was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the density of surface grafting decreased with ozone pretreatment. Surface grafting of the two polymeric acids also gave rise to a self-protonated surface structure. A substantial proportion of the grafted protonic acid groups at the surface remained free for further surface functionalization. The surface characteristics, in particular the charge-transfer interactions and the changes in the intrinsic redox states of the substrate films, associated with the external protonation and surface self-protonation processes were also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional Network Construction in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Using Rule-Based Machine Learning on Large-Scale Data Sets   (2011)

The meta-analysis of large-scale postgenomics data sets within public databases promises to provide important novel biological knowledge. Statistical approaches including correlation analyses in coexpression studies of gene expression have emerged as tools to elucidate gene function using these data sets. Here, we present a powerful and novel alternative methodology to computationally identify functional relationships between genes from microarray data sets using rule-based machine learning. This approach, termed "coprediction," is based on the collective ability of groups of genes co-occurring within rules to accurately predict the developmental outcome of a biological system. We demonstrate the utility of coprediction as a powerful analytical tool using publicly available microarray data generated exclusively from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds to compute a functional gene interaction network, termed Seed Co-Prediction Network (SCoPNet). SCoPNet predicts functional associations between genes acting in the same developmental and signal transduction pathways irrespective of the similarity in their respective gene expression patterns. Using SCoPNet, we identified four novel regulators of seed germination (ALTERED SEED GERMINATION5, 6, 7, and 8), and predicted interactions at the level of transcript abundance between these novel and previously described factors influencing Arabidopsis seed germination. An online Web tool to query SCoPNet has been developed as a community resource to dissect seed biology and is available at http://www.vseed.nottingham.ac.uk/.
Let It Shine: A Transparent and Photoluminescent Foldable Nanocellulose/Quantum Dot Paper (2015)

Exploration of environmentally friendly light-emitting devices with extremely low weight has been a trend in recent decades for modern digital technology. Herein, we describe a simple suction filtration method to develop a transparent and photoluminescent nanocellulose (NC) paper, which contains ZnSe quantum dot (QD) with high quantum yield as a functional filler. ZnSe QD can be dispersed uniformly in NC, and a quite low coefficient of thermal expansion is determined for the resultant composite paper, suggesting its good dimensional stability. These results indicate that the meeting of NC with ZnSe QD can bring a brilliant future during the information age.
Deprenyl in the management of response fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease on levodopa. (1980)

Fluctuations in response to levodopa are a common and serious complication of long-term levodopa therapy. It may be possible to prolong the effect of each dose of levodopa by retarding the breakdown of dopamine. The selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor deprenyl, which is extensively metabolised to amphetamine and methamphetamine, has this effect as well as possible actions on dopamine release and re-uptake. In a double-blind crossover trial against placebo, deprenyl prolonged the action of levodopa and produced an objective improvement in mobility in five of 10 patients with dose-related response swings, and a subjective improvement in a further four patients. In another group of seven patients with random fluctuations in symptoms, only two noted subjective improvement, and there was an apparent increase in the severity of response swings in five patients. Deprenyl exacerbated dyskinesias, but had no serious side-effects. We conclude that deprenyl is unlikely to benefit patients with random response swings, and may cause deterioration in such cases. However, it may be a useful adjuvant in the management of dose-related response fluctuations in patients already on optional levodopa therapy.