gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene-based integrated electrodes for flexible lithium ion batteries (2015)

We have prepared flexible free-standing electrodes with anode and cathode active materials deposited on a highly conductive graphene membrane by a two-step filtration method. Compared with conventional electrodes using metal as current collectors, these electrodes have displayed stronger adhesion, superior electrochemical performance, higher energy density, and better flexibility. A full lithium ion battery assembled by adopting these graphene-based electrodes has showed high rate capability and long cyclic life. We have also assembled a thin, lightweight, and flexible lithium ion battery with poly-(dimethyl siloxane) sheets as packaging material to light a red light-emitting diode. This flexible battery can be easily bent without structural failure or performance loss and operated well under a bent state. The fabrication process of these graphene-based integrated electrodes only has two filtration steps; thus it is easy to scale up. These results suggest great potential for these graphene-based flexible batteries in lightweight, bendable, and wearable electronic devices.
An evaluation of some alternative methods of power resolution in a large industrial plant (2000)

In this paper, three different methods of power resolution, namely that of Budeanu, Czarnecki and the IEEE Working Group, are compared for practical use. In order to study alternative compensation schemes for a large industrial plant, a steady-state harmonic penetration model has been developed on a Mathcad package. Three different interpretations are chosen with which to carry out this study, namely those of: Budeanu, the IEEE Working Group and Czamecki. The different interpretations are analyzed with the Mathcad model in a search for an optimal compensating topology. The paper begins with a general investigation into distortion power analysis, which is then extended to the above approaches. It concludes with a discussion in which the practical use of the different power analyzes is compared to each other in an industrial environment. The conclusions drawn are that the Budeanu method gives erroneous results in the presence of certain kinds of distortion and that the Czarnecki approach is complex and new to industrial users. Use of the IEEE Working Group approach is encouraged because it is merely an extension of the classic sinusoidal definitions that are already well understood.
[Further development of P. multocida vaccines for swine]. (1990)

149 strains with antigen fractions of both A and D type could be found out of 446 P. multocida field strains of porcine origin. Most of them are producing the dermonecrotizing toxin. These A/D strains proved to be virulent in mice and piglets as well. In mice, the vaccination with one of the most virulent and immunogenic A/D strains, inactivated and A1(OH)3 adsorbed caused an immunity against challenge infections with P. multocida of types A, D and A/D. This effect could be confirmed on SPF piglets.
Immobilization of P. Pictorijm in Open Pore Agar, Alginate and Polylysine-Alginate Microcapsules for Serum Cholesterol Depletion (1989)

P. pictorum depletes serum cholesterol levels upon induction of the involved enzymes. Analysis of the fermentation broth shows cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase activity. P. pictorum was immobilized in alginate beads, polylysine microcapsules and open pore agar beads. The pore size of the former two was too small to allow a barrier free mass transfer of lipoproteins. However, open pore agar beads depleted serum cholesterol. The rates of depletion were similar to those of free P. pictorum, suggesting a barrier free mass transfer. Furthermore, open pore agar beads could effectively retain P. pictorum, and no leakage was detected.
Modeling urban traffic: A cellular automata approach (2009)

In this article we introduce a new cellular automata approach to construct an urban traffic mobility model. Based on the developed model, characteristics of global traffic patterns in urban areas are studied. Our results show that different control mechanisms used at intersections such as cycle duration, green split, and coordination of traffic lights have a significant effect on intervehicle spacing distribution and traffic dynamics. These findings provide important insights into the network connectivity behavior of urban traffic, which are essential for designing appropriate routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks in urban scenarios.
Recent advances in polymer molecular dynamics simulation and data analysis (1997)

Abstract Significant advances in molecular simulation methodology over the past decade have greatly reduced the traditional size‐timescale bottleneck in molecular dynamics calculations. The development of the geometric statement function method allows for systems up to several hundred thousand atoms to be simulated for up to several nanoseconds in reasonable times on standard workstations. For constant energy simulations, the use of symplectic integrators ensures accurate dynamics, even at long simulation times, without velocity or other artificial rescaling schemes. Finally, new methods of frequency estimation allow for accurate vibrational mode frequency calculations even in the presence of chaotic motion on time scales twenty times shorter than the standard fast Fourier transform, with an additional improvement in the sensitivity of the results when initial dynamics conditions are carefully chosen.
Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Suggests Contribution of Large Numbers of Effector Genes and Insertion Sequences to Its Race Diversity (2005)

The plant-pathogenic prokaryote Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, one of the most important diseases of rice. The bacterium is a model organism for the analysis of plant-pathogen interaction, because more than 30 races differing in virulence and 25 resistance genes in rice have been reported to date. We present here the complete genome sequence of Xoo strain MAFF 311018. The size of the genome was 4,940,217 bp, in a single circular chromosome. The genome structure of Xoo MAFF 311018 was characterized by large numbers of effector (avr) genes of the avrBs3/pth family and insertion sequences (ISs). RFLP analysis of diverse strains using ISXo1 as a probe suggests that the prevalence of mobile elements in this species, which can bring about genome inversions and rearrangement, may have played a major role in generating the high degree of genetic diversity and race differentiation characteristic of this pathogen. The Xoo MAFF 311018 sequence was also highly similar to those of X. axonopodis pv. citri and X. campestris pv. campestris with the exception of the large number of effectors and IS elements, and numerous inversions and rearrangements.
"Paper Talk": Charlie Russell's American West (1981)

Journal Article “Paper Talk”: Charlie Russell's American West Get access “Paper Talk”: Charlie Russell's American West. Edited by Dippie Brian W.. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf/Amon Carter Museum, 1979. 224 pp. Illustrations, bibliography. $17.95.) James T. Forrest James T. Forrest University of Wyoming Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 1981, Pages 62–63, https://doi.org/10.2307/969174 Published: 01 January 1981
MODELING AND SIMULATING TIME-DEPENDENT SYSTEMS PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE (1994)

CERN /CN /94/1 practical experience which has been gained so far in 2 "typical" system examples have been modeled and OCR Output The purpose of this paper is to describe the of several weeks.During the evaluation period, product was acquired following an evaluation period application domain.RTSA, with the precision necessary for simulation.The system, mapping the problem-domain model into the modeling Language (ESML) *5* to create an executable cation as a reference for implementing the actual standard notations from the Extended Systems Editors Analyzer these systems fall into one of two broad categories: the structure of matter and forces in nature.In general, Particle Physics (CERN) use complex systems to study a model, (iii) an analyzer to check the model and to Researchers at the European Laboratory for (i) editors (graphical and text) and (ii) libraries to build
Anti-emetic principles of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (1999)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of anti-emetic constituents of Alpiraia katsumadai Hayata was performed. Nine compounds including one novel compound, (3R,5S)-trans-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-1-heptene (9) were isolated from it. Among these compounds, four diarylheptanoids, one sesquiterpenoid and one flavonoid showed anti-emetic activity on copper sulfate induced-emesis in young chicks.
An efficient route for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and dendritic building blocks based on urea linkages (2001)

Abstract A highly efficient synthetic route, based on the quantitative reaction between amine and isocyanate functionalities, was used successfully for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and dendritic building blocks based on urea linkages. The thermal decomposition of 3,5‐diamino benzoyl azide or 5‐amino isophthaloyl azide generated in situ the corresponding phenyl isocyanates, which were then polymerized to give wholly aromatic hyperbranched polyureas. Hyperbranched polyurea with amine chain ends was soluble in common organic solvents. The degree of branching, as calculated with 1 H NMR, was 0.55. Diethyl 5‐amino isophthalate and Boc‐protected 5‐amino isophthaloyl azide were used for the successful stepwise synthesis of dendritic wedges based on urea linkages. The thermal generation of the isocyanate functionality with gaseous nitrogen as the side product and its quantitative reaction with amine groups were the salient features of this convergent synthesis. This eliminated the use of chromatographic purification, an inherent part of other convergent growth approaches, and made it a very efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of dendritic wedges. The products were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and electron spray mass spectroscopy (ESMS) techniques. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1295–1304, 2001
Monoclonal antibodies as probes of acetylcholine receptor structure. 2. Binding to native receptor (1981)

Binding of monoclonal antibodies top Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor monomers solubilized in Triton X-100 was studied by centrifugation on sucrose gradients. Antibodies to alpha subunits were of two types. One type formed complexes of one antibody and one receptor monomer, independent of antibody/receptor ratio. We conclude that the binding sites for these antibodies are oriented on the two alpha subunits per monomer in such a way that each could be bound by one of the two binding sites of a single immunoglobulin molecule. Most antibodies were of this type. The other type of monoclonal antibody formed complexes of several sizes, including antibody cross-linked receptors, depending on the ratio of antibody to receptor. We conclude that the binding sites for these antibodies are oriented in such a way that the two alpha subunits per monomer could not be cross-linked by a single antibody molecule. A monoclonal antibody of this type raised against Electrophorus electricus receptors was used to show that this receptor also has two alpha subunits per monomer. This antibody cross-reacted with receptor from fetal calf muscle and was able to induce modulation of receptor in muscle cells in culture. This suggests that muscle receptor also has two alpha subunits and that the antibody can cross-link receptor in the plane of the membrane, as it does in solution, and thereby form complexes which enhance endocytosis and increase the rate of receptor destruction. The rate of antigenic modulation decreases at high antibody/receptor ratios, as expected if un-cross-linked complexes of two antibodies and one receptor were not destroyed at a faster rate. Antibodies which cross-link alpha subunits within a receptor monomer are frequent but would not be expected to be able to induce antigenic modulation. This provides one mechanism by which antisera of equivalent antireceptor titer might differ in their ability to induce antigenic modulation. An antibody which binds to denatured delta and gamma subunits forms complexes of only one antibody and one receptor monomer, independent of antibody ratio, as do antibodies thought to cross-link the two alpha subunits in a monomer. It apparently cross-links delta and gamma subunits within the monomer. Some of the monoclonal antibodies to alpha subunits can bind simultaneously to receptor, while the binding of others is mutually exclusive.
New Photoreactive mRNA Analogues for the Affinity Labeling of Ribosomes (1995)

Abstract Chemical synthesis of the model mRNA analogues (AUGU3, (pU)n) bearing p-azidotetrafluorobenzamido, p-azidobenzamido or 2-nitro-5-azidobenzamido groups coupled to the 5′-terminal phosphate or to the C-8-position of adenosine is described. The first results of the photoaffinity labeling study of human placenta ribosomes are presented.
The Complexity of Node Counting on Undirected Graphs (1998)

We analyze the complexity of Node Counting, a graph-traversal method. We show that the complexity of Node Counting on undirected graphs is, where fffiffifl &quot;! is an arbitrarily small constant and is the number of vertices. 1
The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I E-Peptides Modulate Cell Entry of the Mature IGF-I Protein (2009)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a critical protein for cell development and growth. Alternative splicing of the igf1 gene gives rise to multiple isoforms. In rodents, proIGF-IA and proIGF-IB have different carboxy-terminal extensions called the E-peptides (EA and EB) and upon further posttranslational processing, produce the identical mature IGF-I protein. Rodent EB has been reported to have mitogenic and motogenic effects independent of IGF-I. However, effects of EA or EB on mature IGF-I, or whether proIGF-IA and proIGF-IB have different properties, have not been addressed. To determine whether the presence of EA or EB affected the distribution and stability of mature IGF-I protein, transient transfections of cDNAs encoding murine IGF-IA, IGF-IB, and mature IGF-I were performed in C2C12 cells, a skeletal muscle cell line. IGF-I secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the media, and did not differ between expression of proIGF-IA, proIGF-IB, or mature IGF-I expression. Next, epitope-tagged constructs were transfected to determine cellular distribution of IGF-I, EA, and EB in the cells throughout the culture. IGF-I was detected in significantly fewer nontransfected cells in cultures transfected with mature IGF-I compared with transfection of proIGF-IA or proIGF-IB. These results demonstrate that EA and EB are not required for IGF-I secretion but that they increase cell entry of IGF-I from the media. This study provides evidence that the EA and EB may modulate IGF-I in addition to having independent activity.
Storage globulins in Gnetopsida. 1. Recognition of legumin-like proteins (1994)

Abstract Salt soluble storage proteins were extracted from seeds of Ephedra distachya, Ephedra foeminea, Gnetum gnemon, Gnetum montanum and Welwitschia mirabilis and separated by chromatographic procedures. The molecular weight of the main storage globulin ranges from 300 to 350 kD. Denaturation by SDS resolved the holoprotein in monomers of Mr 40 to 60 kD. Oligomers up to 120 kD were observed in Ephedra. Reduction of disulphide bridges by DTE resolved the monomers in paris of polypeptides of Mr 10 to 35 kD. The characters above indicate that the main storage globulin of Gnetopsida is a legumin-like protein.
Gold Coating of Glass Tubes for Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy “Light-Pipe” Gas Cells (1980)

The sensitivity of gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR) may be significantly improved by use of small bore gold-coated glass gas cells. This note describes the method of preparing internally gold-coated glass or quartz tubes for GC-IR applications.
The phenolic substances of manufactured tea. X.—the creaming down of tea liquors (1963)

Abstract The formation of a deposit, known in the tea trade as tea ‘cream’, when a black tea infusion ‘creams down’ on cooling is used by professional tea tasters as an indication of strength and briskness in the infusion. This ‘cream’ is essentially a complex of caffeine with theaflavins and thearubigins (polyphenol oxidation products that have been identified in soluble constituents of black tea). The amount and composition of the ‘cream’ formed depends on the composition of the tea and the strength of the infusion. A precipitate containing the same constituents as tea ‘cream’ is formed when 1% by volume of conc, sulphuric acid is added to a tea infusion, and the amount of polyphenolic material in this precipitate—estimated by titration with alkaline permanganate (‘cream index’)—provides a measure of the ability of a tea infusion to cream down. Support has been obtained for the view that ‘briskness’ in a tea infusion, which is negatively correlated with the ‘cream index’, is due to a caffeine theaflavin complex. The colour of the cream, which may vary from orange to brown, is determined by the ratio of thearubigins to theaflavins. A visual assessment of the amount and colour of the cream formed in a tea infusion by a tea taster is therefore in effect a judgment of the amounts and relative proportions of theaflavins, thearubigins and caffeine in the tea, as an indication of the qualities of the tea.
Early stopping for non-parametric regression: An optimal data-dependent stopping rule (2011)

The goal of non-parametric regression is to estimate an unknown function f* based on n i.i.d. observations of the form y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = f* (x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ) + w <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , where {w <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> =1 are additive noise variables. Simply choosing a function to minimize the least-squares loss 1/2n Σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> (y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> - f(x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> )) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> will lead to "overfitting", so that various estimators are based on different types of regularization. The early stopping strategy is to run an iterative algorithm such as gradient descent for a fixed but finite number of iterations. Early stopping is known to yield estimates with better prediction accuracy than those obtained by running the algorithm for an infinite number of iterations. Although bounds on this prediction error are known for certain function classes and step size choices, the bias-variance tradeoffs for arbitrary reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) and arbitrary choices of step-sizes have not been well-understood to date. In this paper, we derive upper bounds on both the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ) and L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (P) error for arbitrary RKHSs, and provide an explicit and easily computable data-dependent stopping rule. In particular, it depends only on the sum of step-sizes and the eigenvalues of the empirical kernel matrix for the RKHS. For Sobolev spaces and finite-rank kernel classes, we show that our stopping rule yields estimates that achieve the statistically optimal rates in a minimax sense.
Video Shot Segmentation Using Spatio-temporal Fuzzy Hostility Index and Automatic Threshold (2014)

Shot segmentation is an important preprocessing step towards content based video analysis. In this paper, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Fuzzy Hostility Index (STFHI) for determining the edges of objects present in the frames, composing the video. The edges present in the frames are treated as features of the frame. The correlation between the features is computed for successive frames of the video. An automatic threshold is set using the three-sigma rule, on the gradient of correlation values thus computed to detect hard cuts (abrupt transitions) in the video. The proposed method is able to accurately detect the hard cuts in a video. In an experimental evaluation on a heterogeneous test set, consisting of videos from sports, movie songs, music albums and documentaries, the proposed method achieves substantial improvement over the state of the art methods.
MASQOT: a method for cDNA microarray spot quality control (2005)

The proposed methodology for cDNA microarray spot quality control generates non-discrete values of spot quality which can be utilized as weights in subsequent analysis procedures as well as to discard spots of undesired quality using the suggested threshold values. The MASQOT approach provides a consistent assessment of spot quality and can be considered an alternative to the labor-intensive manual quality assessment process.
Radiofrequency perforation in the treatment of acquired left pulmonary artery atresia following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (2003)

Acquired pulmonary artery discontinuity can complicate operative repair of certain congenital heart defects. We describe successful recanalization of acquired left pulmonary artery atresia using radiofrequency energy in a 14-month-old child who had previously undergone repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia.
Homologous Recombination and Human Health: The Roles of BRCA1, BRCA2, and Associated Proteins (2015)

Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells, the defining step of which is homologous strand exchange directed by the RAD51 protein. The physiological importance of HR is underscored by the observation of genomic instability in HR-deficient cells and, importantly, the association of cancer predisposition and developmental defects with mutations in HR genes. The tumor suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2, key players at different stages of HR, are frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Other HR proteins, including PALB2 and RAD51 paralogs, have also been identified as tumor suppressors. This review summarizes recent findings on BRCA1, BRCA2, and associated proteins involved in human disease with an emphasis on their molecular roles and interactions.