gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lynching (2015)

Lynching refers to an act of vigilantism, in which a group of persons punish an alleged crime outside the legal system, with community sanction. It has been practiced across the globe and has long historical roots, but it most commonly refers to acts of racial terrorism in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Lynch mobs targeted racial and ethnic minorities as a means to establish and maintain white authority in moments of social and political upheaval. In the Jim Crow period, thousands of African American men were tortured, hanged, or burned under the guise of preserving social order and controlling black crime.
Video Complexity Verifier (VCV) for HRD (2002)

The objective of this document is to describe a new video complexity verifier (VCV). This verifier, when used as a part of the Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD), characterizes the amount of delay and buffer-size that is needed to decode and present a given bit stream at a certain level of computational capacity at the decoder. The VCV model proposed by Nokia is extended and integrated with the Video Buffer Verifier (VBV) specified by the current HRD. In addition to reducing the level of computational capacity required at the receiver to decode the bit stream, the new VCV model allows the bit stream to be decoded at multiple decoding speeds. These advantages are achieved at the cost of introducing further delay, while additional memory may often be unnecessary. Simulation results illustrate these gains.
On the detection of dominant points on digital curves (1989)

A parallel algorithm is presented for detecting dominant points on a digital closed curve. The procedure requires no input parameter and remains reliable even when features of multiple sizes are present on the digital curve. The procedure first determines the region of support for each point based on its local properties, then computes measures of relative significance (e.g. curvature) of each point, and finally detects dominant points by a process of nonmaximum suppression. This procedure leads to the observation that the performance of dominant points detection depends not only on the accuracy of the measure of significance, but also on the precise determination of the region of support. This solves the fundamental problem of scale factor selection encountered in various dominant point detection algorithms. The inherent nature of scale-space filtering in the procedure is addressed, and the performance of the procedure is compared to those of several other dominant point detection algorithms, using a number of examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light field depth estimation exploiting linear structure in EPI (2015)

Light field (LF), a promising representation to describe the visual appearance of a scene, implicitly captures 3D scene geometry. Inspired by this, we exploit the special linear structure of epipolar plane image (EPI) and propose a novel framework for depth estimation for 4D LF. Our approach estimates disparities through locating the optimal slope of each line segmentation on EPIs, which are projected by corresponding scene points. For each pixel to be processed, we employ intensity pixel value, gradient pixel value, spatial consistency as well as reliability measure to select the best slope from a predefined set. The depth value is calculated according to the geometric relation between disparity and slope of line segmentation in EPI. Then a novel method to detect and handle occlusion boundaries is introduced, further improving the quality of depth maps. We test our algorithm on not only a number of synthetic LF examples but real-world LF datasets, and the experimental results show that our technique outperforms both the state-of-the art and the recent light field stereo matching methods, especially near occlusion boundaries.
Balanced Optical Discriminator (1964)

A balanced optical discriminator for detection of angle modulation on a light beam is discussed. The device is similar, in principle, though different in form, to bridge-type microwave discriminators and optical birefringent crystal discriminators. An angle-modulated system at optical frequencies, employing a balanced discriminator, has advantages over intensity modulated systems which are familiar at radio frequencies. In addition, an angle modulated system is not as sensitive to strains, due to heating or crystal growth, in the modulating medium or to inhomogeneities in the transmission medium.
Novel clean-up, concentration and laser desorption/ionization strategies for mass spectrometry (2010)

Despite valuable advantages of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques they still have drawbacks that need to be overcome, notably their sensitivity to various kinds of interfering substances and associa ...
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Ethyl Nipecotate‐Derived New Chiral Ligand. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RIBONUCLEASE B AT 2.5-ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION (1987)

The glycosylated form of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, RNase B, was crystallized from polyethylene glycol 4000 at low ionic strength in space group C2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 101.81 A, b = 33.36 A, c = 73.60 A, and beta = 90.4 degrees. The crystals, which contained two independent molecules of RNase B as the asymmetric unit, were solved by a combination of multiple isomorphous replacement and molecular replacement approaches. The structures of the two molecules were refined to 2.5-A resolution and a conventional R factor of 0.22 using a constrained-restrained least squares procedure (CORELS). Complexes were also investigated of RNase B plus ruthenium pentaamine and between RNase B and a substrate analogue iodouridine. The polypeptide backbones of the two molecules of RNase B in the asymmetric unit were found to be statistically identical and their differences from RNase A to be statistically insignificant. The carbohydrate chains of both molecules extended into solvent cavities in the crystal lattice and appear to be disordered for the most part. The oligosaccharides appear to exert no influence on the structure of the protein. Iodouridine was observed to bind identically in the pyrimidine site of both RNase B molecules and in a way apparently the same as that previously observed for RNase A. Ruthenium pentaamine bound at histidine 105 of both RNase B molecules in the asymmetric unit, but at a number of secondary sites as well. An array of bound ions was observed by Fo-Fc difference Fourier syntheses. These ions were proximal to lysine and arginine residues at the surface of the proteins while a pair of strong ion binding sites were seen to fall exactly in the active site clefts of both RNase B molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Computational identification of novel natural inhibitors of glucagon receptor for checking type II diabetes mellitus (2014)

This study contributes evidence for application of these compounds as prospective small ligand molecules against type II diabetes. Novel natural drug like inhibitors against the 7 transmembrane domain of GCGR have been identified which showed high binding affinity and potent inhibition of GCGR.
CCXXVIII.—Externally compensated tetrahydroquinaldine (tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline) and its optically active components (1910)

W. J. Pope and J. Read, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1910, 97, 2199 DOI: 10.1039/CT9109702199
CHARMS: characterization and modeling system for accurate delay prediction of ASIC designs (2002)

The operation and application of CHARMS (characterization and modeling system), a system that allows multidimensional characterization and modeling of cells for accurate delay prediction of ASIC designs, are discussed. The CHARMS system consists of the programs AUTOCHAR, MODSYS, and GENLIB. Written in C and intended for use on a high-performance Unix workstation (e.g. a SUN 4/260 equipped with a local disk), each program uses commands from an input file coded in SPICE-like syntax to operate on cells specified in a table file.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Apoptotic and Growth-Promoting Activity of E2F Modulated by MDM2 (2000)

E2F integrates and coordinates cell cycle progression with the transcription apparatus through its cyclical interactions with important regulators of cellular proliferation, such as pRb, cyclins, and cdk's. Physiological E2F is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of an E2F and a DP family member, and while E2F proteins can stimulate proliferation, certain members of the family are known to be endowed with growth-inhibitory and tumor suppressor-like activity. We have investigated the product of the human mdm2 oncogene, hDM2, and report on its ability to regulate E2F-dependent apoptosis in a fashion that is independent of p53. hDM2 can prevent p53(-/-) cells from entering E2F-dependent apoptosis, an outcome that is dependent upon the presence of the DP subunit. Cells rescued from apoptosis possess lower levels of E2F subunits, although the rescued cells show an increase in DNA synthesis and possess enhanced viability that reflects cooperation between E2F-DP and hMD2. Furthermore, the regulation of E2F activity correlates with an hDM2-dependent effect on the intracellular distribution of DP-1, since hDM2 causes the nuclear accumulation of DP-1. The control of E2F by hDM2 therefore has certain parallels with the targeted degradation by MDM2 of p53. However, the domains in hDM2 required for the regulation of E2F activity can be distinguished from those necessary for p53 degradation, suggesting that control of E2F and p53 by hDM2 may be mechanistically distinct. These experiments define a new level of interplay between E2F and hDM2 whereby hDM2 has a profound impact on the physiological consequences of E2F activation. They suggest that the oncogenic properties of hDM2 may in part be mediated by an antiapoptotic activity that converts E2F from a negative to a positive regulator of cell cycle progression and thereby retains E2F at a level that contributes to a continual state of growth stimulation.
A comparative study on the inhibitory actions of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and some fluorinated derivatives (1990)

Chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and three fluorinated derivatives, Sch 24893, Sch 25298 and Sch 25393, were studied with respect to inhibition of the growth of selected bacterial strains and cell-free translation systems. Thiamphenicol was the least potent inhibitor in the former experiments, but behaved similarly to chloramphenicol and Sch 25298 in the latter, thereby displaying selective inhibition of prokaryotic protein synthesis. Thiamphenicol and Sch 25298 were shown to be like chloramphenicol in inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity specifically on 70 S ribosomes, but the antibiotics bound to their common ribosomal-receptor site with different efficiencies in the order chloramphenicol greater than thiamphenicol greater than Sch 25298. Selected bacterial strains highly resistant to chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol because of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production were, in contrast, highly sensitive to inhibition by the fluorinated antibiotics. Thus Sch 24893, Sch 25298 and Sch 25393 may have important uses in veterinary and clinical medicine.
Retention of glucose units added by the UDP-GLC:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase delays exit of glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. (1995)

It has been proposed that the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that only glucosylates improperly folded glycoproteins forming protein-linked Glc1Man7-9-GlcNAc2 from the corresponding unglucosylated species, participates together with lectin-like chaperones that recognize monoglucosylated oligosaccharides in the control mechanism by which cells only allow passage of properly folded glycoproteins to the Golgi apparatus. Trypanosoma cruzi cells were used to test this model as in trypanosomatids addition of glucosidase inhibitors leads to the accumulation of only monoglucosylated oligosaccharides, their formation being catalyzed by the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. In all other eukaryotic cells the inhibitors produce underglycosylation of proteins and/or accumulation of oliogosaccharides containing two or three glucose units. Cruzipain, a lysosomal proteinase having three potential N-glycosylation sites, two at the catalytic domain and one at the COOH-terminal domain, was isolated in a glucosylated form from cells grown in the presence of the glucosidase II inhibitor 1-deoxynojirimycin. The oligosaccharides present at the single glycosylation site of the COOH-terminal domain were glucosylated in some cruzipain molecules but not in others, this result being consistent with an asynchronous folding of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. In spite of not affecting cell growth rate or the cellular general metabolism in short and long term incubations, 1-deoxynojirimycin caused a marked delay in the arrival of cruzipain to lysosomes. These results are compatible with the model proposed by which monoglucosylated glycoproteins may be transiently retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by lectin-like anchors recognizing monoglucosylated oligosaccharides.
Dried blood spot on filter paper as a source of mRNA (1992)

Journal Article Dried blood spot on filter paper as a source of mRNA Get access Yoichi Matsubara, Yoichi Matsubara Department of Biochemical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 SeiryomachiSendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroyuki Ikeda, Hiroyuki Ikeda Department of Biochemical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 SeiryomachiSendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hitoshi Endo, Hitoshi Endo Department of Biochemical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 SeiryomachiSendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kuniaki Narisawa Kuniaki Narisawa Department of Biochemical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 SeiryomachiSendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 8, 25 April 1992, Page 1998, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.8.1998 Published: 25 April 1992 Article history Received: 25 February 1992 Published: 25 April 1992
An Automatic Hand Gesture Recognition System Based on Viola-Jones Method and SVMs (2009)

In this paper we present an automatic hand gesture recognition system operating on video stream. The system consists of two modules: hand gesture detection module and hand gesture recognition module. The detection module could accurately locate the hand regions with a blue rectangle; this is mainly based on Viola-Jones method, which is currently considered the fastest and most accurate learning-based method for object detection. In the recognition module, the Hu invariant moments feature vectors of the detected hand gesture are extracted and a support vector machines (SVMs) classifier is trained for final recognition, due to its high generalization performance without the need to add a priori knowledge. The performance of the proposed system is tested through a series of experiments and a simple human-computer interaction application based on hand gesture recognition method is finally developed.
Effect of treated silver nanoparticles to electrical conductivity improvement of electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) (2008)

Electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) is a popular alternative to replace lead solder interconnect material in most areas of electronic packaging. ECA mainly consists of an organic/polymeric binder matrix and metal filler. These composite materials provide both physical adhesion and electrical conductivity. Compared to the solder technology, ECA offers numerous advantages, such as environmental friendliness, lower processing temperature, fewer processing steps (reducing processing cost), and especially, the fine pitch capability attributed to the availability of small sized conductive fillers. Here, 70-nm sized silver particle filler (Ag) has been used to study the effect to electrical conductivity of ECA after surface treatment. Upon surface treatment of silver with silane-based coupling agent, the treated silver filled epoxy system demonstrated incredible improvement in electrical properties. The current conductivity (DC) for treated filler was 4.01 S/cm compared with untreated filler with 4.54E-03 S/cm for 5%w filler loading. Morphological studies using light microscopy micrographs have shown perceptible enhancement in filler dispersivity after treatment.
OpenSGX: An Open Platform for SGX Research (2016)

Hardware technologies for trusted computing, or trusted execution environments (TEEs), have rapidly matured over the last decade. In fact, TEEs are at the brink of widespread commoditization with the recent introduction of Intel Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX). Despite such rapid development of TEE, software technologies for TEE significantly lag behind their hardware counterpart, and currently only a select group of researchers have the privilege of accessing this technology. To address this problem, we develop an open source platform, called OpenSGX, that emulates Intel SGX hardware components at the instruction level and provides new system software components necessarily required for full TEE exploration. We expect that the OpenSGX framework can serve as an open platform for SGX research, with the following contributions. First, we develop a fully functional, instruction-compatible emulator of Intel SGX for enabling the exploration of software/hardware design space, and development of enclave programs. OpenSGX provides a platform for SGX development, meaning that it provides not just emulation but also operating system components, an enclave program loader/packager, an OpenSGX user library, debugging, and performance monitoring. Second, to show OpenSGX's use cases, we applied OpenSGX to protect sensitive information (e.g., directory) of Tor nodes and evaluated their potential performance impacts. Therefore, we believe OpenSGX has great potential for broader communities to spark new research on soon-to-becommodity Intel SGX.
Infliximab Treatment for Crohn's Disease: One-Year Experience in a Dutch Academic Hospital (2002)

The aim of this study was to report the 1-year clinical experience with infliximab treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) in the Netherlands. All 73 CD patients receiving infliximab infusions were prospectively followed during 1 year after the drugs' registration in the Netherlands. Clinical response and adverse events were assessed for both active luminal disease as well as fistulous disease. A total of 212 infusions were administered to 57 patients with active luminal CD and 16 patients with fistulous CD. The mean duration between infusions was 60 days. In 17% of patients, adverse events were recorded, of which one was serious. The response rate was 81% in active luminal CD and 87% in fistulous disease. Response rates were highest in patients receiving concomitant methotrexate as maintenance therapy. Steroids could successfully be tapered off in 73% of responding luminal CD patients and 100% of responding CD patients with fistulae. Eleven patients showed a loss of response to continuous infliximab readministration. Our clinical experience with infliximab for active luminal and fistulous CD showed that the administration is safe, effective, and has high steroid-sparing efficacy. Higher response rates were seen with methotrexate as concomitant medication.
Vidrios de sílice preparados por sinterización de partículas coloidales. Parte II: Cinética de sinterización (1987)

espanolEn el presente trabajo se realiza un analisis de los distintos modelos propuestos para el estudio del proceso de sinterizacion en vidrios y en compactos porosos construidos por particulas de naturaleza amorfa. En primer lugar, se exponen las bases teoricas establecidas por Frenkel, quien postulo que el flujo viscoso es el mecanismo de transporte de masa. Sobre esta base se desarrollaron los modelos de Mackenzie y Shuttleworth para compactos que presentan porosidad cerrada, y de Scherer para compactos con porosidad abierta. Finalmente, se aplica el analisis de Scherer al estudio de proceso de sinterizacion de geles de silice preparados por un proceso de dispersion-redispersion de particulas coloidales en agua. EnglishThis paper comprises the analysis of the different models proposed for the study of the sintering process in glasses and in porous compacts formed by particles of an amorphous nature. Firstly, an exposition is made of the theoretical basis established by Frenkel, who postulated that viscous flow is the mass transport mechanism. On this basis, the Mackenzie and Shuttleworth model for compacts presenting a closed porosity were developed together with the model of Scherer for compacts with open porosity. Finally, the Scherer analysis is applied to the study of the sintering process of silica gel prepared by a process of dispersion-redispersion of colloidal particles in water. francaisDans le present travail, il est fait une analyse des differents modeles proposes pour Petude du proces de fritage dans les verres et dans les compacts poreux constitues de particules de nature amorphe. Sont d'abord exposees les bases theoriques etablies par Frenkel, qui a postule que le flux visqueux est le mecanisme de transport de masse. C'est a partir de la qu'on ete elabores les modeles de Mackenzie et Shuttleworth pour les compacts a porosite fermee de Scherer pour les compacts a porosite ouverte. L'analyse de Scherer est ensuite appliquee a l'etude du proces de fritage de gels de silice prepares par dispersion-redispersion des particules colloidales dans de l'eau. DeutschIn der Arbeit wird eine Prufung der verschiedenen Modelle durchgefuhrt, die fur die Untersuchung des Sinterungsprozesses an Glasern und aus amorphen Teilchen bestehenden Kompaktkorpern vorgesch-lagen worden sind. Eingangs werden die von Frenkel aufgestellten theoretischen Grundlagen dargelegt, denen zufolge der viskose Flus als der Massentransportmechanismus anzusehen ist. Von dieser Annahme ausgehend wur-den die Modelle von Mackenzie und Shuttleworth fur Kompaktkorper mit geschlossener Porigkeit entwickelt, ferner dans Scherersche Modell fur Kompaktkorper offener Porigkeit. Die Scherersche Analyse wird abschliesend auf die Untersuchung des Sinterungsprozesses von Kie-selgelen angewandt, die mittels eines Dispersions-Redispersionsprozesses von kolloidalen Partikeln in Wasser angesetzt wurden.
Random unitary dynamics of quantum networks (2009)

We investigate the asymptotic dynamics of quantum networks under repeated applications of random unitary operations. It is shown that in the asymptotic limit of large numbers of iterations this dynamics is generally governed by a typically low dimensional attractor space. This space is determined completely by the unitary operations involved and it is independent of the probabilities with which these unitary operations are applied. Based on this general feature analytical results are presented for the asymptotic dynamics of arbitrarily large cyclic qubit networks whose nodes are coupled by randomly applied controlled-NOT operations.
Excess mortality associated with mental illness and substance use disorders among veteran clinic users with spinal cord injury (2010)

Some types of MI and SUD were associated with excess mortality among veterans with SCI. Care for MI and SUD needs to be routinely integrated into SCI management. Future research is needed to determine whether depression and SUD treatment provides opportunity to improve survival.