gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and Characterization of Secondary Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries (2022)

<p>Conventional lithium ion batteries use organic liquid electrolyte which is flammable and brings safety issues. Solid-state lithium ion batteries employ inorganic lithium ion conductive solid electrolytes which offer improved safety, reliability and leakage-free properties. Developing rechargeable solid-state batteries was the main goal of this research. The obstacles to the development of solid-state batteries are the lack of highly conductive solid electrolyte materials and electrode/electrolyte interface issues (e.g. large interface resistance and interface integrity problem).</p> <p>At the beginning of this work, thin film solid-state batteries were developed, because a thin film configuration can very effectively reduce the cell resistance from a solid electrolyte. However, the thin film batteries encountered short circuit issues caused by film defects (e.g. pin holes, particles) from the deposition process. </p> <p>Subsequently, bulk solid-state batteries were developed to overcome the short circuit problem. To build a bulk solid-state battery, highly conductive garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte was synthesized first. A polymerized complex sol-gel method (Pechini method) was developed for synthesis, and Al-doping influence was investigated. Finally, the synthesis process was greatly simplified, and the optimal level of Al-doping was also determined. Bulk solid-state batteries with Al-LLZO solid electrolyte, Cu0.1V2O5 cathode, and Li anode were prepared and tested. The batteries exhibited high initial discharge capacities, but they encountered dramatic capacity decay problems when tested at RT. It was found that the RT capacity decay problem was caused by water vapor in air. By preventing exposure to humid air, the cell life time at RT increased. </p> <p>In the final chapter, a 3-dimensional (3D) solid electrolyte with a porous cathode side and a dense anode side was created. The intent was for the porous structure to greatly increase the contact area between solid electrolyte and electrode. Thus, the battery energy and powder density will increase. However, results suggest that the synthesis process need to be improved in order to get a more uniform porous structure.</p>
A Proposal of Grain Boundary Damage Parameter. (1995)

A new grain boundary damage parameter, D-parameter, is proposed to evaluate grain boundaries damaged and to estimate the remaining life of components under creep loading at high temperature. This method is significantly different from the others firstly by specifying the grain boundaries normal to the principal stress direction in the area and secondly by defining the grain boundary damage by coalescence of voids. As the damage is analyzed from the surface structure of components, the replica is inspected by a SEM. The D-parameter method was practiced in in-situ observation of creep deformation for Ni based super alloy by SEM, and found useful for structural materials in which fine voids nucleate, grow and coalesce at the grain boundaries and cause an intergranular fracture.
A New Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor from<i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> (1989)

From the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, three diterpenoids have been isolated, miltirone, Ro 090680, and Salvinone. All these compounds showed a dose-dependent inhibitor activity to rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen
Development and application of a bovine cDNA microarray for expression profiling of muscle and adipose tissue (2004)

In order to gain new knowledge of the genetic control of biochemical and developmental processes that contribute to beef quality, we constructed a bovine microarray of 9600 elements comprising about 2000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 7300 anonymous cDNA clones from muscle and fat-derived cDNA libraries. The microarray was used in 2 animal experiments aimed at uncovering gene expression differences associated with adipogenesis and protein turnover. The results obtained so far show that expression profiling of bovine muscle using the microarray can reliably identify differentially expressed genes and confirm existing hypotheses. Moreover, the technique can provide new evidence on the detailed involvement of well-characterised genes and can identify genes that have not previously been described as having a role in these processes.
Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants (2006)

Under the supervision of Professor Sanford A. Klein
APART: Low Cost Active Replication for Multi-tier Data Acquisition Systems (2008)

This paper proposes APART (a posteriori active replication), a novel active replication protocol specifically tailored for multi-tier data acquisition systems. Unlike existing active replication solutions, APART does not rely on a-priori coordination schemes determining a same schedule of events across all the replicas, but it ensures replicas consistency by means of an a-posteriori reconciliation phase. The latter is triggered only in case the replicated servers externalize their state by producing an output event towards a different tier. On one hand, this allows coping with non-deterministic replicas, unlike existing active replication approaches. On the other hand, it allows attaining striking performance gains in the case of silent replicated servers, which only sporadically, yet unpredictably, produce output events in response to the receipt of a (possibly large) volume of input messages. This is a common scenario in data acquisition systems, where sink processes, which filter and/or correlate incoming sensor data, produce output messages only if some application relevant event is detected. Further, the APART replica reconciliation scheme is extremely lightweight as it exploits the cross-tier communication pattern spontaneously induced by the application logic to avoid explicit replicas coordination messages.
Experiences with three different fi ber supplementsin weight reduction (2005)

Results: All fi ber supplements plus a balanced 1200 kcal diet induced signifi cantly weight reduction more than placebo and diet alone, during a fi ve week observation period. However, there were no signifi cant differences between the different fi bers in their ability to induce weight reduction, which was approximately 0.8 kg/week (3.8±0.9, 4.4±2.0, 4.1±0.6 in the Chrombalance, Appe-TrimO and Glucosahl group, respectively).
Noncoherent iterative decoding of spectrally efficient coded modulations (2002)

We consider possible solutions for noncoherent decoding of concatenated codes with spectrally efficient modulations. Serially concatenated coding structures and possible schemes derived from turbo trellis coded modulation (T-TCM) are considered. In both cases, at the receiver side we consider joint detection and decoding. Since taking into account an augmented channel memory leads to an intolerable trellis size, we consider a recently proposed state-reduction technique.
Rapid visual detection of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Heat-labile enterotoxins by nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1984)

A modification of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a sensitive and rapid visual detection of heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae is described. Small amounts of bacterial supernatant fluids are bound to nitrocellulose filters which are used as sorbents in the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The test is based on the immunological similarity between V. cholerae and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxins. Six isolates of V. cholerae and 48 isolates of E. coli were examined for heat-labile enterotoxins by the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Vero cell bioassay. With some strains, the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be more sensitive for detection of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin than the Vero cell test. A similar result was obtained by endpoint titration of heat-labile enterotoxin-positive E. coli H10407 culture fluid in both assays. The sensitivity of the nitrocellulose enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of purified cholera toxin was at a total level of 1 ng, which is a good result when compared with other serological assays.
Single-Frequency Integer Ambiguity Resolution Enabled GPS Precise Point Positioning (2012)

High-precision (centimeter-level) real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP-RTK) becomes feasible when using precise corrections, as received from a regional Continuously Operating Reference Station network. These network corrections comprise (biased) satellite clocks, (biased) satellite phase biases, and ionospheric delays, where the latter ones are interpolated to the approximate location of the PPP-RTK receiver. Thus far, very fast PPP-RTK integer ambiguity resolution performance has been reported based on dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The availability of ionospheric corrections enables one to carry out PPP-RTK using a single-frequency receiver. Despite that single-frequency integer ambiguity resolution based on a single epoch of data cannot often be successful, fast integer ambiguity resolution is possible when accumulating a short time span of data, assuming that the ambiguities are time constant. In this paper, results of the performance of single-frequency PPP-RTK for both a high-grade geodetic receiver and a low-grade mass-market receiver are presented. The experiments have been conducted based on corrections determined from the GPS Network Perth. The conclusion reads that single-frequency PPP-RTK integer ambiguity resolution is feasible, even using a low-cost receiver: following an initialization time of about 4 min on average, the correct integers can be resolved in real-time, thus providing centimeter-level positioning.
Gradient estimates and entropy monotonicity formula for doubly nonlinear diffusion equations on Riemannian manifolds (2013)

In the first part of this paper, we prove the sharp global Li‐Yau type gradient estimates for positive solutions to doubly nonlinear diffusion equation(DNDE) on complete Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. As an application, one can obtain a parabolic Harnack inequality. In the second part, we obtain a Perelman‐type entropy monotonicity formula for DNDE on compact Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. These results generalize some works of Ni (JGA 2004), Lu–Ni–Vázquez–Villani (JMPA 2009) and Kotschwar–Ni (Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure 2009). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TechMIS Newsletter (November 2000) (2000)

A memorandum from Charles Blaschke regarding the funding commitment notifications sent to school districts that can be used to purchase non-eligible e-rate products and services. There is an included spreadsheet detailing the amount various districts have committed
High Stability Ultra-Miniature Size OCXO Operating within Wide Temperature Range: Using ASIC with Built-in Oven for OCXO (2020)

This paper describes a high stability ultra-miniature size OCXO operating within wide temperature range using a ASIC with a built-in oven for OCXO. The ASIC realized that the OCXO could be extremely downsized and the maximum operating temperature is getting higher because it has almost all functions including a built-in oven which OCXOs should have. We have achieved about +/-5 ppb in a range of -40 to +95 °C and obtained excellent temperature slope characteristics for 7.0×5.0mm size package.
Automated verification of temporal properties specified as state machines in VHDL (2002)

This paper presents a new verification methodology to prove that a high level HDL description of a synchronous sequential circuit satisfies certain desired behavior or that it is free of certain malicious behavior. The correctness specifications are modeled as state machines with some transitions having unspecified inputs. We show that this suffices for specification of a large class of properties, including both safety and liveness properties. The properties are described as VHDL programs to enable the designer to simulate them for sample inputs and gain some measure of confidence in their correctness. Experimental results are presented for the Viper microprocessor.
Understanding the Physicochemical Properties of Mitragynine, a Principal Alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa, for Preclinical Evaluation (2015)

Varied pharmacological responses have been reported for mitragynine in the literature, but no supportive scientific explanations have been given for this. These studies have been undertaken without a sufficient understanding of the physicochemical properties of mitragynine. In this work a UV spectrophotometer approach and HPLC-UV method were employed to ascertain the physicochemical properties of mitragynine. The pKa of mitragynine measured by conventional UV (8.11 ± 0.11) was in agreement with the microplate reader determination (8.08 ± 0.04). Mitragynine is a lipophilic alkaloid, as indicated by a logP value of 1.73. Mitragynine had poor solubility in water and basic media, and conversely in acidic environments, but it is acid labile. In an in vitro dissolution the total drug release was higher for the simulated gastric fluid but was prolonged and incomplete for the simulated intestinal fluid. The hydrophobicity, poor water solubility, high variability of drug release in simulated biological fluids and acid degradable characteristics of mitragynine probably explain the large variability of its pharmacological responses reported in the literature. The determined physicochemical properties of mitragynine will provide a basis for developing a suitable formulation to further improve its solubility, stability and oral absorption for better assessment of this compound in preclinical studies.
Apatite formation on the surface of ceravital‐type glass‐ceramic in the body (1991)

Previous studies on surface structural changes in vitro as well as in vivo of bioactive A-W-type glass-ceramics and Bio-glass-type glasses showed that the essential condition for glasses and glass-ceramics to bond to living bone is formation of a bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in the body. Gross et al., however, had explained the bone-bonding mechanism of Ceravital-type apatite-containing glass-ceramic without mentioning formation of the surface apatite layer. In the present study, apatite formation on the surface of one of Ceravital-type glass-ceramics was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. An apatite-containing glass-ceramic of the composition Na2O 5, CaO 33, SiO2 46, Ca(PO3)2 16 wt%, which was named KGS by Gross et al., was soaked in an acellular simulated body fluid which had ion concentrations almost equal to those of the human blood plasma. The same kind of glass-ceramic was implanted into a rabbit tibia. Thin-film x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic observation of the surfaces of the specimens soaked in the simulated body fluid showed that Ceravital-type glass-ceramic also forms a layer of carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite of small crystallites and/or a defective structure on its surface in the fluid. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the interface between the glass-ceramic and the surrounding bone showed that a thin layer rich in Ca and P is present at the interface. These findings indicated that Ceravital-type glass-ceramics also form the bonelike apatite layer on its surface in the body and bond to living bone through the apatite layer.
A model for concentric tube continuum robots under applied wrenches (2010)

Continuum robots made from telescoping precurved elastic tubes enable base-mounted actuators to specify the curved shapes of robots as thin as standard surgical needles. While free space beam mechanics-based models of the shape of these `active cannulas' exist, current models cannot account for external forces and torques applied to the cannula by the environment. In this paper we apply geometrically exact beam theory to solve the statics problem for concentric-tube continuum robots. This yields the equivalent of forward kinematics for an active cannula with general tube precurvature functions and arbitrarily many tubes, under loading from a general wrench distribution. The model achieves average experimental tip errors of less than 3 mm over the workspace of a prototype active cannula subject to various tip forces.
Physiological insights into novel therapies for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (2016)

Fundamental kidney physiology research can provide important insight into how the kidney works and suggest novel therapeutic opportunities to treat human diseases. This is especially true for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Over the past decade, studies elucidating the molecular physiology and signaling pathways regulating water transport have suggested novel therapeutic possibilities. In patients with congenital NDI due to mutations in the type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) or acquired NDI due to lithium (or other medications), there are no functional abnormalities in the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel, or in another key inner medullary transport protein, the UT-A1 urea transporter. If it is possible to phosphorylate and/or increase the apical membrane accumulation of these proteins, independent of vasopressin or cAMP, one may be able to treat NDI. Sildenifil (through cGMP), erlotinib, and simvastatin each stimulate AQP2 insertion into the apical plasma membrane. Some recent human data suggest that sildenafil and simvastatin may improve urine concentrating ability. ONO-AE1-329 (ONO) stimulates the EP4 prostanoid receptor (EP4), which stimulates kinases that in turn phosphorylate AQP2 and UT-A1. Clopidogrel is a P2Y12-R antagonist that potentiates the effect of vasopressin and increases AQP2 abundance. Metformin stimulates AMPK to phosphorylate and activate AQP2 and UT-A1, and it increases urine concentrating ability in two rodent models of NDI. Since metformin, sildenafil, and simvastatin are commercially available and have excellent safety records, the potential for rapidly advancing them into clinical trials is high.
Retention of Swelling Ability in Cotton Cross-Linked with High-Temperature Curing (1964)

The cross-linking of cotton fabric with several N-methylol finishing agents in combi nation with an additive, the dimethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol, was investigated in an effort to obtain wrinkle-resistant and wash-wear cotton fabrics that retain an ability to swell with water. By proper adjustment of the concentration of this additive in the pad bath, it is possible to obtain finished fabrics with moisture regains equal to or even greater than untreated cotton, while maintaining good wrinkle resistance and wash-wear appearance. Wet crease recovery is slightly increased and dry crease recovery is slightly decreased by the use of the additive. Chlorine resistance and the relationship of breaking strength to crease recovery are unaffected. The inclusion of this additive in the treating bath formulation appears to alter hoth the length and distribution of the cross-links formed.
ANIONIC GEMINI SURFACTANTS: SYNTHESIS AND SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES (2007)

New compounds bearing two phosphate groups and two long chain (dodecyl) were prepared by two-step reaction: (i) phosphorylation of dodecanol with pyrophosphoric acid, (ii) reaction of dodecyl phosphate with N ( CH 3 ) 4 OH and 1,6-dibromo hexane. The effect of reaction variables like time and molar ratio of reactants on yield has also been reported. The 1:2:0.5 molar ratio of reactants (dodecyl phosphate, N ( CH 3 ) 4 OH , and Br ( CH 2 ) 6 Br , respectively) and 3 h duration resulted to give maximum yield of anionic gemini surfactants. The structure of synthesized surfactant was investigated by modern analytical techniques, viz. FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR. Amphipathic disodium phosphates were obtained by neutralization of free acids with sodium hydroxide and their surface active properties in aqueous solution were measured. These disodium phosphates possessed 77.3% anionic content and showed good water solubility. Foaming properties and wetting ability were also evaluated.
Online social networking as participatory surveillance (1969)

In this article, I argue that online social networking is anchored in surveillance practices. This gives us an opportunity to challenge conventional understandings of surveillance that often focus on control and disempowerment. In the context of online social networking, surveillance is something potentially empowering, subjectivity building and even playful — what I call participatory surveillance.
Accessory cell function of human eosinophils. HLA-DR-dependent, MHC-restricted antigen-presentation and IL-1 alpha expression (1993)

Although peripheral blood eosinophils express little of the class II MHC protein, HLA-DR, eosinophils could be induced to express HLA-DR by exposures to cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, with granulocyte-macrophage-CSF eliciting the greatest level of HLA-DR expression as assessed by flow cytometry. The capacity of HLA-DR+ eosinophils to function as APC was evaluated with blood eosinophils isolated free of mononuclear cells, cultured with granulocyte-macrophage-CSF to induce HLA-DR expression and then exposed to the Ag tetanus toxoid. HLA-DR+ eosinophils fixed with paraformaldehyde after Ag exposure stimulated T cell proliferation, whereas HLA-DR+ eosinophils fixed with paraformaldehyde before Ag exposure failed to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. The lymphocyte proliferative responses elicited by Ag-pulsed HLA-DR+ eosinophils were inhibited by anti-HLA-DR mAb and were restricted to HLA-DR compatible lymphocytes. Moreover, eosinophils from a hypereosinophilic donor, both before and more prominently after stimulation with PMA, contained transcripts for IL-1-alpha mRNA detectable by Northern blot hybridization and in situ hybridization and expressed IL-1-alpha protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate that human eosinophils can process Ag, express the costimulatory cytokine IL-1-alpha, and after cytokine-elicited induction of HLA-DR expression can function as HLA-DR-dependent, MHC-restricted APC in stimulating T lymphocyte responses.
Apo(a) isoforms predict risk for coronary heart disease. A study in six populations. (1992)

Elevated concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) in plasma are associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Lp(a) levels are largely determined by alleles at the hypervariable apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]) gene locus, but other genetic and environmental factors as well as diseases also affect plasma Lp(a) concentrations. It is therefore unclear whether Lp(a) is a primary genetic risk factor or whether Lp(a) levels are elevated secondary to disease in CHD patients. We have analyzed apo(a) phenotypes that represent a stable genetic trait in subjects with CHD and control subjects from different populations representing a variety of ethnic groups (Tyrol, Germany, Wales, Israel, Singapore Chinese, and Singapore Indian). Despite differences in sampling design and disease definition in this multipopulation case-control study, those apo(a) isoforms associated with high Lp(a) plasma concentrations (B, S1, and S2) were more frequent in the CHD patients in each ethnic group. These differences were significant in three of the studied populations and highly significant (p < 0.001) in the pooled (total) group. Lp(a) concentrations were also measured in all groups except Germans and were found to be consistently higher in cases than in control subjects in each ethnic group. For all but one population (Israeli) the differences were significant. The effects of the apo(a) size polymorphism on Lp(a) levels were similar in CHD patients and control subjects from different populations. The data demonstrate that alleles at the apo(a) locus determine the risk for CHD through their effects on Lp(a) concentrations across multiple populations with large differences in CHD frequency and risk factor profiles.