gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for discretizing 3D fractured media for subsurface flow and transport simulations (2010)

Abstract We introduce a new method to discretize inclined non‐planar two‐dimensional (2D) fractures in three‐dimensional (3D) fractured media for subsurface flow and transport simulations. The 2D fractures are represented by ellipsoids. We first discretize the fractures and generate a 2D finite element mesh for each fracture. Then, the mesh of fractures is analyzed by searching and treating critical geometric configurations. Based on that search, the method generates a quality mesh and allows for including finer grids. A solute transport problem in fractured porous media is solved to test the method. The results show that the method (i) adequately represents the fractured domain by maintaining the geometric integrity of input surfaces and geologic data, (ii) provides accurate results for both simple and complex fractured domains, (iii) is insensitive to spatial discretization, and (iv) is computationally very efficient. For inclined and vertical fractures, analytical and numerical solutions are shown to be in good agreement. The method is therefore suitable to discretize fracture networks for flow and transport simulations in fractured porous media. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Inhibitors of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Have Potent Activity against Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Mice (2011)

Human African trypanosomiasis continues to be an important public health threat in extensive regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment options for infected patients are unsatisfactory due to toxicity, difficult administration regimes, and poor efficacy of available drugs. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were selected as attractive drug targets due to their essential roles in protein synthesis and cell survival. Comparative sequence analysis disclosed differences between the trypanosome and mammalian methionyl-tRNA synthetases (MetRSs) that suggested opportunities for selective inhibition using drug-like molecules. Experiments using RNA interference on the single MetRS of Trypanosoma brucei demonstrated that this gene product was essential for normal cell growth. Small molecules (diaryl diamines) similar to those shown to have potent activity on prokaryotic MetRS enzymes were synthesized and observed to have inhibitory activity on the T. brucei MetRS (50% inhibitory concentration, <50 nM) and on bloodstream forms of T. brucei cultures (50% effective concentration, as low as 4 nM). Twenty-one compounds had a close correlation between enzyme binding/inhibition and T. brucei growth inhibition, indicating that they were likely to be acting on the intended target. The compounds had minimal effects on mammalian cell growth at 20 μM, demonstrating a wide therapeutic index. The most potent compound was tested in the murine model of trypanosomiasis and demonstrated profound parasite suppression and delayed mortality. A homology model of the T. brucei MetRS based on other MetRS structures was used to model binding of the lead diaryl diamine compounds. Future studies will focus on improving the pharmacological properties of the MetRS inhibitors.
Cloning and characterisation of malE in Burkholderia pseudomallei (2001)

No recombinant protein is available for serodiagnosis or skin test in the diagnosis of melioidosis. This report describes the cloning of the malE gene, which encodes an immunogenic protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Bi-directional DNA sequencing of malE revealed that the gene contained a single open reading frame encoding 416 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 44.4 kDa. BLAST analysis showed that the putative protein encoded by malE is homologous to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of other bacteria. It has 48% and 63% amino acid identity and similarity with the MBP of Brucella abortus, and malE complementation assay showed that it partially complemented the function of the MBP of Escherichia coli. Several highly conserved regions among the MBP of B. pseudomallei, Br. abortus, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, E. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes were observed. These regions represent signatures A, B, C, D and F identified in the MBP of E. coli. Further sequence analysis revealed that the first 24 amino acid residues of the MBP of B. pseudomallei probably represent the N-terminal signal peptide of the protein. Similar to the signal peptide of the MBP of E. coli, Ent. aerogenes and S. Typhimurium, the MBP of B. pseudomallei contains two basic residues in the first eight amino acids, followed by a hydrophobic core, with the last three amino acids in the signal peptide being Ala-Gln-Ala, conforming to the consensus sequence Ala-X-Ala at positions -3 to -1 relative to the site of proteolytic cleavage for recognition by signal peptidase I. Further studies on serodiagnosis of melioidosis with recombinant MBP should be performed.
Perceptual Evaluation of 5.1 Downmix Algorithms (2005)

Paper 6543
Dexamethasone inhibits prostaglandin release from rabbit coronary microvessel endothelium (1986)

The effects of dexamethasone on prostaglandin secretion by cultivated rabbit coronary microvascular endothelial (RCME) cells were investigated. Incubation of RCME cells with dexamethasone resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in prostaglandin accumulation in the culture media and reduced basal and A23187-stimulated prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release. The maximal effects of dexamethasone (50-80% inhibition) were achieved after 16-18 h of incubation with the steroid at a final concentration of 10(-7) M. The effects of dexamethasone treatment were partially reversed 24 h after removal of the steroid from the culture media. Dexamethasone treatment did not reduce arachidonic acid-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis, indicating that the level of inhibition was proximal to that of cyclooxygenase. The inhibitory effects of dexamethasone could be prevented by pretreatment of the RCME cells with actinomycin D or cycloheximide, suggesting a requirement for protein synthesis in the inhibitory action of dexamethasone. Conditioned media from dexamethasone-treated cells contained a factor that inhibited porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in vitro. Transfer of conditioned media from dexamethasone-treated cells to untreated cells did not reduce basal or stimulated prostaglandin release; in contrast, a stimulatory action was consistently observed. Adherence of rabbit peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to RCME cells was reduced when the leukocytes were pretreated with 10(-7) M dexamethasone (4 h). However, dexamethasone pretreatment of the RCME cells did not significantly effect granulocyte adhesion. Thus coronary microvascular endothelial cell prostaglandin production is regulated by glucocorticoids, and glucocorticoid-pretreated microvascular endothelial cell release an inhibitor of PLA2 activity into the culture media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Target‐Selective Photo‐Degradation of HIV‐1 Protease by a Fullerene‐Sugar Hybrid. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Cell Wall (1976)

One of the most striking differences between animals and plants at the cellular level is the possession of true cell walls by the latter; indeed, in many cases we identify cell types in higher plants by the structure of their cell walls. This is an important consideration because it implies that cell wall structure is closely related to the function of the cell which it encloses and it is significant that in contrast to other cell organelles the cell wall undergoes very substantial changes in structure and composition during development. Thus, the appearance of the cell wall of a xylem initial when it is first cut off from the cambium is strikingly different to that found when differentiation into a mature xylem element has occurred. It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss the chemical and physical nature of higher plant cell walls, the mechanisms involved in their assembly, growth and differentiation and to relate these factors to the changing function of this structure during its development.
Robust Initial Position Estimation of Permanent Magnet Machine With Low Saliency Ratio (2017)

In permanent magnet (PM) machine drives, the initial position is typically estimated based on the machine inductance variation and the flux saturation. The saliency-based method using the voltage signal injection has demonstrated the reliable position estimation for high salient PM machines at initial state. However considering the saliency-based drive on low salient machines, several implementation issues appear due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of position dependent signals. This paper addresses the implementation issues on saliency-based initial position estimation. It is shown that conventional saliency-based estimation methods might not be able to obtain the correct rotor position on low salient machines due to secondary saliency harmonics. A two-step estimation process is proposed to improve the initial position estimation accuracy on low salient PM machines. Two PM machines with different saliency ratios are tested for the experimental evaluation.
Extraoperative Cortical Functional Localization in Patients with Epilepsy (1987)

Functional localization prior to cortical resections for intractable seizures has usually been performed in the operating room in awake patients. Chronically placed subdural electrodes offer the possibility of performing such testing outside of the operating room and without the unavoidable stresses and time limitations of the surgical setting. The use of the technique is reviewed.
Complete glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors are required in <i>Candida albicans</i> for full morphogenesis, virulence and resistance to macrophages (2002)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are involved in cell wall integrity and cell-cell interactions. We disrupted the Candida albicans homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI7/LAS21 gene, which encodes a GPI anchor-modifying activity. In the mutant and on solid media, the yeast-to-hyphae transition was blocked, whereas chlamydospore formation was enhanced. However, the morphogenetic switch was normal in liquid medium. Abnormal budding patterns, cytokinesis and cell shape were observed in both liquid and solid media. The cell wall structure was also modified in the mutants, as shown by hypersensitivity to Calcofluor white. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that the mutant interacted with its host in a modified way, resulting in reduced virulence in mice and reduced survival in the gastrointestinal environment of mice. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway of macrophages was downregulated by the wild-type cells but not by the DeltaCagpi7 null strains. In agreement with this abnormal behaviour, mutant cells were more sensitive to the lytic action of macrophages. Our results indicate that a functional GPI anchor is required for full hyphal formation in C. albicans, and that perturbation of the GPI biosynthesis results in hypersensitivity to host defences.
Actin depolymerizing factor is essential for viability in plants, and its phosphoregulation is important for tip growth (2008)

Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is important for regulating actin dynamics, and in plants is thought to be required for tip growth. However, the degree to which ADF is necessary has been elusive because of the presence of multiple ADF isoforms in many plant species. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, ADF is encoded by a single, intronless gene. We used RNA interference to demonstrate that ADF is essential for plant viability. Loss of ADF dramatically alters the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton, and leads to an inhibition of tip growth. We show that ADF is subject to phosphorylation in vivo, and using complementation studies we show that mutations of the predicted phosphorylation site partially rescue plant viability, but with differential affects on tip growth. Specifically, the unphosphorylatable ADF S6A mutant generates small polarized plants with normal F-actin organization, whereas the phosphomimetic S6D mutant generates small, unpolarized plants with a disorganized F-actin cytoskeleton. These data indicate that phosphoregulation at serine 6 is required for full ADF function in vivo, and, in particular, that the interaction between ADF and actin is important for tip growth.
Observers for field-oriented control of induction motor drives (1992)

One of the major problems associated with direct field-oriented control of induction motors is the sensitivity of the observer to variation of motor parameters. Various types of observer have been proposed but no complete study of sensitivities has been carried out. In the paper, an analysis of the sensitivity of one class of observer, against the motor parameter variations, is presented. From the results of the analysis, a suitable observer is chosen and implemented as a part of a complete direct field-oriented control system. The results of the implementation are also presented.
AOP for the domain of runtime monitoring (2009)

Runtime monitoring, even the canonical "logging" example of AOP, has long been one of the domains into which AOP has effectively been deployed. Yet to date AOP has not supported the full breadth of needs across the scope of widely varied runtime monitoring applications. In this paper we present the directions in which we believe AOP needs to be extended in order to better support the breadth of runtime monitoring needs.
Modification of the effect of tamoxifen,<i>cis</i>‐platin, DTIC, and interferon‐α2b on human melanoma cells in culture by a mixture of vitamins (1994)

The effect of a mixture of vitamins in modifying the efficacy of commonly used drugs in the treatment of human melanoma has not been studied. Vitamin C and d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS) alone reduced the growth of human melanoma (SK-30) cells in culture, whereas beta-carotene (BC), 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA), or sodium selenite alone was ineffective. RA caused morphological changes, as evidenced by flattening of cells and formation of short cytoplasmic processes. A mixture of four vitamins (vitamin C, BC, alpha-TS, and RA) was more effective in reducing growth of human melanoma cells than a mixture of three vitamins. The growth-inhibitory effect of cis-platin, decarbazine, tamoxifen, and recombinant interferon-alpha 2b was enhanced by vitamin C alone, a mixture of three vitamins (BC, alpha-TS, and RA), and a mixture of four vitamins (vitamin C, BC, alpha-TS, and RA) that contained 50 micrograms/ml of vitamin C. These data show that a mixture of three or four vitamins can enhance the growth-inhibitory effect of currently used chemotherapeutic agents on human melanoma cells.
Increased expression of tissue vascular endothelial growth factor and foetal liver kinase‐1 receptor in seasonal allergic rhinitis and relevance to asthma component (2007)

Angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 is increased in AR. A similar increase in VEGF in AR with and without asthma despite a higher Flk-1 in AR patients with asthma may be a possible explanation for the presence of angiogenesis in the airway wall in patients with asthma but not in those with pure AR.
Conclusion (2011)

Why have Chile and Argentina arrived at such different outcomes in their efforts to build a more solid fiscal foundation by consolidating tax policy reforms? This concluding chapter aims to draw conclusions from the thirteen-year period (1989–2001) under examination in both countries. A key lesson that emerges is that consolidating a better tax system (of higher extractive capacity, greater efficiency, and enhanced acceptance) depends not on the technical merits of the proposed reforms, but on the broader institutional context in which they are undertaken. This broader institutional environment has resolutely shaped Chilean success and Argentine failure in the pursuit of fiscal state-building. Even more than differences in forma. institutional configuration, what shapes outcomes most are marked disparities in institutional strength (conceived as stability and enforcement) and distinctions in informal institutions.KeywordsFiscal PolicyParty SystemInformal InstitutionMobilize ResourceCollective Action ProblemThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A microscopy study of the transition from yielding to crazing in polypropylene (2002)

Abstract The deformation mechanisms in polypropylene as a function of strain rate have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Injection molded, dogbone specimens were tested in tension at a temperature of 50°C and strain rates from 10 −4 to 90 s −1 . With increasing strain rate a gradual transition from cold drawing and necking to nearly homogeneous deformation was observed. The transition is characterized by a strong elastic recoil after fracture. At \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm \dot \varepsilon } $\end{document} = 90 s −1 , the elastic recovery has its maximum value of 70% of the strain at break (ε = 0.3). The morphology was studied post mortem at small strains outside the neck using permanganically etched samples. The transition in the macroscopic behavior was found to coincide with a change in the deformation mechanism. Whereas yielding is the dominant mechanism at low strain rates, homogeneous voiding is found at \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm \dot \varepsilon } $\end{document} = 90 s −1 . A correlation is suggested between the failure of chain slip within the lamellae and the occurrence of voiding, leading to distinct voiding patterns in the spherulites.
Intersection Test for Collision Detection in Particle Systems (1999)

Abstract We present a method for detecting collisions between a system of spherical particles and an environment composed of triangles. The proposed algorithm takes into account each particle's volume and is based on an intersection test between a triangle and a cylinder with spherical caps (the trajectory of a particle). The algorithm also efficiently calculates a close estimate of the point of intersection, which is necessary for collision detection.
Pose Interpolation for Laser‐based Visual Odometry (2014)

In this paper, we present two methods for obtaining visual odometry (VO) estimates using a scanning laser rangefinder. Although common VO implementations utilize stereo camera imagery, passive cameras are dependent on ambient light. In contrast, actively illuminated sensors such as laser rangefinders work in a variety of lighting conditions, including full darkness. We leverage previous successes by applying sparse appearance‐based methods to laser intensity images, and we address the issue of motion distortion by considering the timestamps of the interest points detected in each image. To account for the unique timestamps, we introduce two estimator formulations. In the first method, we extend the conventional discrete‐time batch estimation formulation by introducing a novel frame‐to‐frame linear interpolation scheme, and in the second method, we consider the estimation problem by starting with a continuous‐time process model. This is facilitated by Gaussian process Gauss‐Newton (GPGN), an algorithm for nonparametric, continuous‐time, nonlinear, batch state estimation. Both laser‐based VO methods are compared and validated using datasets obtained by two experimental configurations. These datasets consist of 11 km of field data gathered by a high‐frame‐rate scanning lidar and a 365 m traverse using a sweeping planar laser rangefinder. Statistical analysis shows a 5.3% average translation error as a percentage of distance traveled for linear interpolation and 4.4% for GPGN in the high‐frame‐rate scenario.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Caused by Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (2003)

We describe the case of a woman who had been referred to us with a history of breathing difficulties and snoring and a suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our investigation revealed that she did indeed have severe OSA in addition to undiagnosed bilateral vocal fold paralysis of unknown origin. Nocturnal polysomnography found that her apnea/hypopnea index was 120 and her minimum arterial oxygen saturation level was 63%. She was treated with laterofixation of the right vocal fold, and her OSA resolved immediately. During 10 years of follow-up with nocturnal polysomnogrpahy, no recurrence of apnea or low oxygen saturation levels was noted. However, she did experience a recurrence of her snoring 4 years postoperatively, along with the onset of progressively worsening daytime fatigue. When these conditions persisted, we performed a repeat laterofixation of the same vocal fold. Following the repeat surgery, subjectively and objectively assessed results were good.
Approach and Applications of Constrained ICA (2005)

This paper presents the technique of constrained independent component analysis (cICA) and demonstrates two applications, less-complete ICA, and ICA with reference (ICA-R). The cICA is proposed as a general framework to incorporate additional requirements and prior information in the form of constraints into the ICA contrast function. The adaptive solutions using the Newton-like learning are proposed to solve the constrained optimization problem. The applications illustrate the versatility of the cICA by separating subspaces of independent components according to density types and extracting a set of desired sources when rough templates are available. The experiments using face images and functional MR images demonstrate the usage and efficacy of the cICA.
Removal of Organic Contaminants from Textile Wastewater by Adsorption on Natural Biosorbent (2020)

In the present study, removal of safranin dye from water bodies was investigated using natural biosorbent (Thyme leaves (TEL)). The influence of multiple factors such as as contact time (15 – 105 mins), adsorbent dose (25 to 350) mg/l , adsorbate dose (5 to 40)mg\L, and temperature (25 to 55)o C were taken for investigation. The adsorption isotherms were described by utilized Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubnin-Radushkevich models, Freundlich isotherm model found to be best suited with experimental data out of 3 isotherm The adsorption process followed pseudo second order model.