gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XXXIII.—<i>Notices of British fungi</i> (1850)

About 2 lines high. Stem 1 line high, pruinose, at length brown or blackish. Head subglobose or turbinate, at first pruinose, umbilieate or (in our specimens) without any trace of an umbilicus ; ttoeei branched, especially above, somewhat fastigiate, more or less flexuous ; spores minute, broadly elliptic, with a distinct nneleus.
A Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition using the STAAM (2006)

This paper proposes a real-time person independent facial expression recognition in two folds. One is using the stereo active appearance model (STAAM) fitting algorithm that uses a geometric relationship between two tightly coupled views to increases the accuracy and speed of fitting. Also, a layered generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) classifier combines 3D shape and appearance to improve the recognition performance of person independent facial expressions. Experimental results show that the STAAM have a better fitting stability than the multi-view AAM (MVAAM), and the combination of the shape and appearance features using a layered GDA classifier improves the recognition performance official expressions greatly
Highly improved homopolymer aware nucleotide-protein alignments with 454 data (2012)

This increased accuracy provided by HAXAT does not only result in improved homologue estimations, but also provides un-interrupted reading-frames, which greatly facilitate further analysis of protein space, for example phylogenetic analysis. The alignment tool is available at http://bioinfo.ifm.liu.se/454tools/haxat.
Semiparallel rank order filtering in analog VLSI (2001)

This paper demonstrates two related techniques for spatially encoding rank in an unlimited array of analog inputs. During a particular read cycle, a single output of the array is low, indicating that the corresponding input holds the rank related to the current read cycle. Ranks are computed in succession, in decreasing order, and may not be skipped in the rank filtering process. Since a single rank is computed in parallel among all input elements, but different ranks can only be computed in different read cycles across time, we call these rank order filtering techniques semi-parallel, indicating their dual massively parallel and sequential operation. The two analog VLSI implementations we present here offer the low power (2.5 /spl mu/W) and compact (19 and 21 small transistors) advantages of analog VLSI while providing sufficient resolution (5 mV) and speed (100 ranks per second) to be used at frame rates greater than 30 frames per second in arrays where up to 20 inputs are desired.
Expression Screening of Fusion Partners from an E. coli Genome for Soluble Expression of Recombinant Proteins in a Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System (2011)

While access to soluble recombinant proteins is essential for a number of proteome studies, preparation of purified functional proteins is often limited by the protein solubility. In this study, potent solubility-enhancing fusion partners were screened from the repertoire of endogenous E. coli proteins. Based on the presumed correlation between the intracellular abundance and folding efficiency of proteins, PCR-amplified ORFs of a series of highly abundant E. coli proteins were fused with aggregation-prone heterologous proteins and then directly expressed for quantitative estimation of the expression efficiency of soluble translation products. Through two-step screening procedures involving the expression of 552 fusion constructs targeted against a series of cytokine proteins, we were able to discover a number of endogenous E. coli proteins that dramatically enhanced the soluble expression of the target proteins. This strategy of cell-free expression screening can be extended to quantitative, global analysis of genomic resources for various purposes.
3, 5-Dimethyl-4-Isothiazolylmagnesium Iodide and its Reactions with some Electrophilic Reagents (1987)

Abstract As a route to 4-alkyl-, 4-alkenyl- and 4-hydroxyalkyl-isothiazoles, 3,5-dimethyl-4-isothiazolylmagnesium iodide has been obtained, and its reactions with organic halides, oxocompounds and nitriles have been studied.
On the Relationship between Stress and Elastic Strain for Porous and Fractured Rock (2008)

Modeling the mechanical deformations of porous and fractured rocks requires a stressâstrain relationship. Experience with inherently heterogeneous earth materials suggests that different varieties of Hookeâs law should be applied within regions of the rock having significantly different stressâstrain behavior. We apply this idea by dividing a rock body conceptually into two distinct parts. The natural strain (volume change divided by rock volume at the current stress state), rather than the engineering strain (volume change divided by the unstressed rock volume), should be used in Hookeâs law for accurate modeling of the elastic deformation of that part of the pore volume subject to a relatively large degree of relative deformation (i.e., cracks or fractures). This approach permits the derivation of constitutive relations between stress and a variety of mechanical and/or hydraulic rock properties. We show that the theoretical predictions of this method are generally consistent with empirical expressions (from field data) and also laboratory rock experimental data.
On-Line Identification of Process Dynamics: Use of Multifrequency Binary Sequences (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn-Line Identification of Process Dynamics: Use of Multifrequency Binary SequencesSandra L. Harris and Duncan A. MellichampCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1980, 19, 1, 166–174Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260073a029https://doi.org/10.1021/i260073a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
HUMAN ISLET XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN DIABETIC RATS A FUNCTIONAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY (1990)

Prolonged survival of human islet xenografts under the kidney capsule of diabetic rats was achieved. Human islet xenograft survival time for the nonimmunosuppressed and single-dose antithymocyte serum-treated rats were 3.7 +/- 0.33 days (mean +/- SE, n = 6) and 4.2 +/- 0.63 (n = 4), respectively. In the recipients given 5 doses of ATS after islet transplantation, the graft survival time was significantly prolonged to 18.2 +/- 1.9 days (n = 6). An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed on 3 recipients with a functional graft 12 days after xenotransplantation. The mean K rate was 1.44 +/- 0.43 (n = 3) compared with that of 2.1 +/- 0.14 (n = 5) found in normal control rats. Human C-peptide was present in the rat recipients following islet transplantation. In addition all 3 recipients showed significant basal human C-peptide values posttransplant and achieved levels of above 2.4 ng/ml during IVGTT. Morphologic and immunohistochemical examination of the islet grafts show that in recipients without immunosuppression or with a single dose of ATS, there was marked degree of fibrosis with little endocrine tissue left in the graft area by day 5. In contrast, the xenograft from recipients treated with 5 doses of ATS still contained well-preserved islet tissue with many insulin and glucagon containing cells on the day of graft removal when blood glucose had returned to the hyperglycemic level. Infiltration of the graft area with lymphoid cells (OX1+, OX8+, and W3/25+) was prominent, but they were not detected within the islets. Staining with monoclonal antibody clone L243 did not detect any expression of human class II antigen on the human pancreatic endocrine cells undergoing rejection by the host. This study has shown that with adequate immunosuppression human islet xenograft can normalize the blood glucose with prolonged survival time in diabetic rat recipients. The discordant xenotransplantation model used in this study would be useful for future xenotransplantation studies.
Acute and multiple injection effects of magnesium of responding maintained by cocaine, extinction from cocaine, glucose + saccharin, and food (1992)

In a variety of behavioral experiments, magnesium has effects that are similar to cocaine and other psychomotor stimulants. Of particular relevance to the present experiments is the recent finding that magnesium maintains responding in cocaine-trained rats. It would be expected, therefore, that injections of magnesium would alter the rate of responding maintained by self-administered cocaine in rats. Five experiments examined the specificity and selectivity of this interaction. Acute and multiple injections of MgCl2 (15-250 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent reductions in responding maintained by cocaine (0.1-2 mg/kg/infusion). Testing for acute injection effects occurred following injections, while testing for multiple injection effects occurred prior to daily injections. Doses of 30 and 125 mg/kg MgCl2 reduced responding maintained by doses of cocaine that were below the training dose of 0.75 mg/kg/infusion. MgCl2 in a dose of 250 mg/kg markedly suppressed responding maintained by each dose of cocaine. A magnesium-deficient diet produced a dose-dependent increase in responding maintained by 0.1 mg/kg/infusion cocaine. In order to determine the specificity and selectively of these effects, acute and multiple injections of MgCl2 were examined on glucose + saccharin- and food-maintained responding. The acute effects of MgCl2 injections were specific because food-maintained responding was not affected, except by the highest dose of 250 mg/kg. This demonstrates that lever pressing was not nonspecifically reduced by 30 and 125 mg/kg MgCl2 during cocaine availability. However, the effects on cocaine-maintained responding were not selective for cocaine because glucose + saccharin-maintained responding and responding during extinction from cocaine were affected by MgCl2 in a manner similar to cocaine-maintained responding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Emerging Enzymes for ATP Regeneration in Biocatalytic Processes (2015)

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-dependent enzyme catalysed reactions are widespread in nature. Consequently, the enzymes involved have an intrinsic potential for use in syntheses of high value products. Although regeneration systems for ATP starting from adenosine-5'-diphosphate are available, certain limitations exist for both in vitro and in vivo applications requiring ATP regeneration from adenosine-5'-monophosphate, or adenosine. Following a short overview of the chemical and thermodynamic background, this Minireview focuses on emerging enzymes and methodologies for ATP regeneration. A large range of as yet unexploited reactions will be accessible with new, powerful, multistep ATP regeneration systems that use cheap phosphate donors and provide high longevity, compatibility, and robustness under process conditions. Their potential might go far beyond the direct use of ATP in enzymatic reactions; enzyme discovery, and engineering, as well as immobilisation strategies, will help to realise such systems.
EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF LASER REMELTED IRON ALLOY COATINGS CONTAINING METALLOIDS (1993)

The microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of thermal sprayed and laser remelted M 80 S 20 and M 80 S 20 –8CeO 2 self-fluxing alloy coatings (where M signifies a metallic content, predominantly iron, and S represents a metalloid content specifically boron, silicon, and carbon) were investigated using SEM, an electron microprobe, a microhardness tester, and an Amsler wear testing machine. The results showed that the rare earth element can significantly improve the surface quality, microstructure, and wear resistance of laser remelted coatings.
PCR Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Directly from Stools: Evaluation of Commercial Extraction Methods for Purifying Fecal DNA (2000)

Rapid identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is important for patient management and for prompt epidemiological investigations. We evaluated one in-house method and three commercially available kits for their ability to extract E. coli O157:H7 DNA directly from stool specimens for PCR. Of the 153 stool specimens tested, 107 were culture positive and 46 were culture negative. The sensitivities and specificities of the in-house enrichment method, IsoQuick kit, NucliSens kit, and QIAamp kit were comparable, as follows: 83 and 98%, 85 and 100%, 74 and 98%, and 86 and 100%, respectively. False-negative PCR results may be due to the presence of either inherent inhibitors or small numbers of organisms. The presence of large amounts of bacteria relative to the amount of the E. coli O157:H7 target may result in the lower sensitivities of the assays. All commercial kits were rapid and easy to use, although DNA extracted with the QIAamp kit did not require further dilution of the DNA template prior to PCR.
High confinement, high yield Si_3N_4 waveguides for nonlinear optical applications (2015)

In this paper we present a novel fabrication technique for silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) waveguides with a thickness of up to 900 nm, which are suitable for nonlinear optical applications. The fabrication method is based on etching trenches in thermally oxidized silicon and filling the trenches with Si(3)N(4). Using this technique no stress-induced cracks in the Si(3)N(4) layer were observed resulting in a high yield of devices on the wafer. The propagation losses of the obtained waveguides were measured to be as low as 0.4 dB/cm at a wavelength of around 1550 nm.
Preparation of Soluble-insoluble Interconvertible Enzymes: Enzyme • Polymerized α<sub>sl</sub>-Casein Conjugates (1984)

αsl-Casein can be made either soluble or insoluble by adjusting the concentration of coexisting calcium ions. In this study, we tried to make a soluble-insoluble interconvertible enzyme through the formation of a conjugate of an enzyme and αsl-casein using a heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. The conjugate of phosphoglyceromutase and native αs1-casein did not exhibit sufficient calcium-dependent precipitation. However, conjugates of enzymes (phosphoglyceromutase, enolase or peroxidase) and αsl-casein polymerized by transglutaminase precipitated almost completely in the presence of more than 50 mM CaCl2. Most of the enzyme conjugates precipitated as calcium caseinates could be solubilized reversibly with EDTA, without a significant loss of activity. A mixture of the enzyme • polymerized αs1-casein conjugates prepared with phosphoglyceromutase, enolase and pyruvate kinase could catalyze sequential reactions which convert d-3-phosphoglycerate into pyruvate with the same efficiency as a mixture of free enzymes. These results indicate that conjugates of enzymes and polymerized αs1-casein can be useful as soluble-insoluble interconvertible enzymes.
Identification of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, a Form of Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> Metabolically Active in the Intestine (1971)

A biologically active vitamin D(3) metabolite ("peak V metabolite") more polar than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has been isolated from chicken intestines in pure form as a mono(trimethylsilyl)ether derivative. The molecule has been identified as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by means of mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, and specific chemical reactions.
Hybrid phase shift keying-multipulse pulse-position modulated O-OFDM signals for NG-PONs (2017)

In this paper, Hybrid PSK-MPPM is proposed to improve the system performance of the conventional ACO-OFDM by modulating the subcarriers with less number of high power PSK modulated symbols while their positions will also be utilized to carry additional information. At the receiver, the position of the modulated subcarriers will be firstly identified on each sub-frame by selecting the subcarriers with the highest received power and the PSK symbols will be subsequently decoded. The performance of the proposed detection scheme is close to that of ML detection scheme with significant reduction in the computational complexity. Throughout simulations, we demonstrate enhancement in the receiver sensitivity and the PON reach compared to the conventional PSK modulation for the same spectral efficiency.
Protecting against Clostridium difficile illness (2005)

Background and epidemiology: A gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that is common in the environment, Clostridium difficile is transmitted by the fecal– oral route. Its resistant spores are ingested, survive passage through the stomach and ultimately reside in the colon.[1][1] Antimicrobial therapy
Identification of VLDLR as a novel endothelial cell receptor for fibrin that modulates fibrin-dependent transendothelial migration of leukocytes (2011)

While testing the effect of the (β15-66)(2) fragment, which mimics a pair of fibrin βN-domains, on the morphology of endothelial cells, we found that this fragment induces redistribution of vascular endothelial-cadherin in a process that is inhibited by the receptor-associated protein (RAP). Based on this finding, we hypothesized that fibrin may interact with members of RAP-dependent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family. To test this hypothesis, we examined the interaction of (β15-66)(2), fibrin, and several fibrin-derived fragments with 2 members of this family by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. The experiments showed that very LDL (VLDL) receptor (VLDLR) interacts with high affinity with fibrin through its βN-domains, and this interaction is inhibited by RAP and (β15-66)(2). Furthermore, RAP inhibited transendothelial migration of neutrophils induced by fibrin-derived NDSK-II fragment containing βN-domains, suggesting the involvement of VLDLR in fibrin-dependent leukocyte transmigration. Our experiments with VLDLR-deficient mice confirmed this suggestion by showing that, in contrast to wild-type mice, fibrin-dependent leukocyte transmigration does not occur in such mice. Altogether, the present study identified VLDLR as a novel endothelial cell receptor for fibrin that promotes fibrin-dependent leukocyte transmigration and thereby inflammation. Establishing the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction may result in the development of novel inhibitors of fibrin-dependent inflammation.
An optimal receiver for CDMA forward link without pilot tone (2002)

We derive an optimal receiver for the forward link of a CDMA mobile radio system subject to slowly varying Rayleigh fading. The proposed optimal detector does not require the transmission of a pilot tone and exploits fading memory and Kalman filtering for channel estimation. The receiver exhibits a good performance especially for low signal-to-noise ratio which is the typical operating conditions of CDMA systems.
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton and the Art of Embodied Presence (1997)

Unlike many saints who saw human relationships as distractions from spiritual life, Elizabeth Seton serves as a model for pursuing and sustaining intimate relationships of all kinds. Her life shows us that “the capacity for loving intimacy, with both other people and with God, is in itself a spiritual path.” For her, relationships with family and friends were intertwined with her relationship with God. Catholicism’s belief in the Real Presence was particularly attractive to her. As she lost various human presences in her life, she found the divine presence, the basis of her faith, and she always sought to be closer to it. At the same time, she “deepened her capacity for human affection as she plunged deeper into intimacy with God.” Each led her to a greater understanding of the other. Particular attention is paid to the maternal aspect of love that she demonstrated toward all those she cared for.
Safety and efficacy of bosutinib (SKI-606) in chronic phase Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib (2011)

Bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, has shown potent activity against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this phase 1/2 study we evaluated bosutinib in patients with chronic phase imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant CML. Part 1 was a dose-escalation study to determine the recommended starting dose for part 2; part 2 evaluated the efficacy and safety of bosutinib 500 mg once-daily dosing. The study enrolled 288 patients with imatinib-resistant (n = 200) or imatinib-intolerant (n = 88) CML and no other previous kinase inhibitor exposure. At 24 weeks, 31% of patients achieved major cytogenetic response (primary end point). After a median follow-up of 24.2 months, 86% of patients achieved complete hematologic remission, 53% had a major cytogenetic response (41% had a complete cytogenetic response), and 64% of those achieving complete cytogenetic response had a major molecular response. At 2 years, progression-free survival was 79%; overall survival at 2 years was 92%. Responses were seen across Bcr-Abl mutants, except T315I. Bosutinib exhibited an acceptable safety profile; the most common treatment-emergent adverse event was mild/moderate, typically self-limiting diarrhea. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic adverse events (> 2% of patients) included diarrhea (9%), rash (9%), and vomiting (3%). These data suggest bosutinib is effective and tolerable in patients with chronic phase imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant CML. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00261846.
Improved sensitivity to magnetic fields by rotation of quantum sensors (2018)

Magnetic sensors are typically much more sensitive to oscillating (AC) magnetic fields than static (DC) fields, due to the presence of more noise at lower frequency, typically scaling with a $1/f$ dependence. For quantum magnetometers, this characteristic noise is reflected in the ensemble dephasing time $T_2^*$, the relevant sensing time for a DC field, being much lower than the spin coherence time $T_2$, which determines the sensitivity to AC fields. Here, we demonstrate measurement of DC magnetic fields using a physically rotating ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centres at a precision limited by the electron spin coherence time, $T_2$. We rotate the host diamond with a period comparable to $T_2$, such that the angle between the NV axis and the magnetic field to be detected changes as a function of time, upconverting the static magnetic field to an oscillating field in the physically rotating frame. Using spin-echo interferometry, we observe an order of magnitude improvement in DC magnetometer response compared to a conventional Ramsey experiments. Enhancements to our scheme could realise DC sensitivities equivalent to demonstrated AC magnetic field sensitivities with NV centres.