gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The function of the neurogenic genes during epithelial development in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (1992)

The complex embryonic phenotype of the six neurogenic mutations Notch, mastermind, big brain, Delta, Enhancer of split and neuralized was analyzed by using different antibodies and PlacZ markers, which allowed us to label most of the known embryonic tissues. Our results demonstrate that all of the neurogenic mutants show abnormalities in many different organs derived from all three germ layers. Defects caused by the neurogenic mutations in ectodermally derived tissues fell into two categories. First, all cell types that delaminate from the ectoderm (neuroblasts, sensory neurons, peripheral glia cells and oenocytes) are increased in number. Secondly, ectodermal tissues that in the wild type form epithelial structures lose their epithelial phenotype and dissociate (optic lobe, stomatogastric nervous system) or show significant differentiative abnormalities (trachea, Malpighian tubules and salivary gland). Abnormalities in tissues derived from the mesoderm were observed in all six neurogenic mutations. Most importantly, somatic myoblasts do not fuse and/or form an aberrant muscle pattern. Cardioblasts (which form the embryonic heart) are increased in number and show differentiative abnormalities; other mesodermal cell types (fat body, pericardial cells) are significantly decreased. The development of the endoderm (midgut rudiments) is disrupted in most of the neurogenic mutations (Notch, Delta, Enhancer of split and neuralized) during at least two stages. Defects occur as early as during gastrulation when the invaginating midgut rudiments prematurely lose their epithelial characteristics. Later, the transition of the midgut rudiments to form the midgut epithelium does not occur. In addition, the number of adult midgut precursor cells that segregate from the midgut rudiments is strongly increased. We propose that, at least in the ectodermally and endodermally derived tissues, neurogenic gene function is primarily involved in interactions among cells that need to acquire or to maintain an epithelial phenotype.
Delineation of electrostatic- and hydrophobic-induced pKa shifts in polypentapeptides: the glutamic acid residue (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDelineation of electrostatic- and hydrophobic-induced pKa shifts in polypentapeptides: the glutamic acid residueD. W. Urry, S. Peng, and T. ParkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7509–7510Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implementation of an embedded mobile device based feedback system for real‐time audience feedback (2011)

Abstract The article presents design and implementation of a mobile device based feedback system for lectures. The system permits participants to use mobile devices to post questions to the presenter's screen without interrupting the spoken flow of the presentation. Tests in conferences showed that the system increases the amount of feedback. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E31–E40, 2013
<i>Bacillus</i>Strains Most Closely Related to<i>Bacillus nealsonii</i>Are Not Effectively Circumscribed within the Taxonomic Species Definition (2011)

Bacillus strains with >99.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were characterized with DNA:DNA hybridization, cellular fatty acid (CFA) analysis, and testing of 100 phenotypic traits. When paired with the most closely related type strain, percent DNA:DNA similarities (% S) for six Bacillus strains were all far below the recommended 70% threshold value for species circumscription with Bacillus nealsonii. An apparent genomic group of four Bacillus strain pairings with 94%-70% S was contradicted by the failure of the strains to cluster in CFA- and phenotype-based dendrograms as well as by their differentiation with 9-13 species level discriminators such as nitrate reduction, temperature range, and acid production from carbohydrates. The novel Bacillus strains were monophyletic and very closely related based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. Coherent genomic groups were not however supported by similarly organized phenotypic clusters. Therefore, the strains were not effectively circumscribed within the taxonomic species definition.
Visible-Light Selective Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Transition on Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (2017)

This study shows that a vacuum heat treatment of Nb2O5 permits the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition between its surface and adsorbed aromatic hydrocarbons, which corresponds to visible light (>390 nm) absorption. Selective photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons to form the corresponding carbonyl compounds could effectively proceed under visible light irradiation by using this LMCT transition, and the catalytic activity is much superior to that of TiO2. Specifically, the LMCT bands of toluene-adsorbed Nb2O5 correlated well with the action spectrum for toluene photooxidation, suggesting that the reaction proceeded via the LMCT photoexcitation. We successfully detected toluene radical cation and its further oxidation product of benzylperoxy radical as intermediate species on toluene-adsorbed Nb2O5 through the LMCT transition. These findings suggest a novel reaction mechanism for the selective photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons via LMCT transition on Nb2O5.
Hydroxocobalamin Uptake into the Cerebrospinal Fluid after Nasal and Intravenous Delivery in Rats and Humans (2003)

The possibility of direct transport of hydroxocobalamin from the nasal cavity into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after nasal administration in rats was investigated and the results were compared with a human study. Hydroxocobalamin was given to rats (n=8) both intranasally (214 microg/rat) and intravenously (49.5 microg/rat) into the jugular vein using a Vascular Access Port (VAP). Prior to and after drug administration, blood and CSF samples were taken and analysed by radioimmunoassay. The AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratio after nasal delivery does not differ from the ratio after intravenous infusion, indicating that hydroxocobalamin enters the CSF via the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This same transport route is confirmed by the cumulative AUC-time profiles in CSF and plasma, demonstrating a 30 min delay between plasma absorption and CSF uptake of hydroxocobalamin in rats and in a comparative human study. The present results in rats show that there is no additional uptake of hydroxocobalamin in the CSF after nasal delivery compared to intravenous administration, which is in accordance with the results found in humans. This indicates a predictive value of the used rat model for the human situation when studying the nose to CSF transport of drugs.
Minority Carrier Lifetime Analysis in the Bulk of Thin-Film Absorbers Using Subbandgap (Two-Photon) Excitation (2013)

We describe a new time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) analysis method for the determination of minority carrier lifetime <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\tau}_{B}$</tex></formula> . This analysis is based on subbandgap excitation (two-photon excitation, or 2PE) and allows selective lifetime determination at the surface or in the bulk of semiconductor absorbers. We show that for single-crystal CdTe, <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> ${\tau}_{B}$</tex></formula> could be determined even if surface recombination velocity is >10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{5}$</tex></formula> cm s <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{-1}$</tex> </formula> . Two-photon excitation TRPL measurements indicate that radiative lifetime in undoped CdTe is >>66 ns. We also compare one-photon excitation (1PE) and 2PE TRPL data for polycrystalline CdS/CdTe thin films.
Decorin Activates the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Elevates Cytosolic Ca2+ in A431 Carcinoma Cells (1998)

Several independent lines of evidence have implicated decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, in the inhibition of cell proliferation. However, the mechanism by which decorin mediates its effect on cell proliferation is unclear. Here we report, for the first time, decorin-mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels of single A431 cells. The effects of decorin persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ but were blocked by AG1478, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and by down-regulation of the EGF receptor. The effects of decorin were not mimicked by the structurally homologous protein, biglycan. Our results indicate a novel action of decorin on the EGF receptor, which results in mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ providing a possible mechanism by which decorin causes growth suppression.
antiSMASH 4.0—improvements in chemistry prediction and gene cluster boundary identification (2017)

Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, crop protection agents and food preservatives originate from molecules produced by bacteria, fungi or plants. In recent years, genome mining methodologies have been widely adopted to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of such compounds. Since 2011, the 'antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell-antiSMASH' has assisted researchers in efficiently performing this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. Here, we present the thoroughly updated antiSMASH version 4, which adds several novel features, including prediction of gene cluster boundaries using the ClusterFinder method or the newly integrated CASSIS algorithm, improved substrate specificity prediction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm, improved predictions for terpene and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides cluster products, reporting of sequence similarity to proteins encoded in experimentally characterized gene clusters on a per-protein basis and a domain-level alignment tool for comparative analysis of trans-AT polyketide synthase assembly line architectures. Additionally, several usability features have been updated and improved. Together, these improvements make antiSMASH up-to-date with the latest developments in natural product research and will further facilitate computational genome mining for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.
Utility Accrual Real-Time Scheduling with Probabilistically-Assured Timeliness Performance (2004)

We present time/utility function (TUF) algorithms that provide probabilistic assurance on timeliness behavior. A TUF, which is a generalization of the classical deadline constraint, specifies the utility of completing an application activity as a function of that activity’s completion time. The algorithms consider a stochastic model where activity execution times and arrivals are probabilistically described. Further, activity time constraints are specified using TUFs. We consider the dual optimization objective of probabilistically satisfying applicationspecified lower bounds on individual activity utility, and maximizing system-wide total utilities. We present algorithms that achieve this dual objective. 1
Improving TCP performance with bufferless token bucket policing: A TCP friendly policer (2007)

TCP's interaction with a token bucket policer has been widely studied. However, it still remains a challenge to design a policer which can optimize performance irrespective of the traffic type, load and level of aggregation being policed. In this paper we propose an improvement to the token bucket policer using a dynamic bucket size. Our novel scheme presents a specific and effective way to continuously adjust the token bucket size beneficial to TCP. It does so without any knowledge of the traffic profile. Extensive simulation experimentation show that our mechanism helps TCP achieve a goodput very close to the policed rate. It is also rather insensitive to various parameter settings as opposed to other approaches in literature.
Nutritional Study of Elimination Diets in the Case of Two-year-old Children Recovered from Atopic Dermatitis (1997)

The aim of this study is to clarify the nutritional value of elimination diets (four types of Japanese style diets) which atopic dermatitis children had been on for seven days before the examination. The intake of energy was less than the recommended dietary allowances. This result suggests that the intake of energy is associated with the removing of vegetable oils. As 54.8% of the children had not had any vegetable oils, the intake of fat was half the recommended dietary allowance. Half of the children had not had eggs and milk at all, but the intake of protein of the boys was 31% more than the recommended dietary allowance and that of the girls was 42% more than the recommended dietary allowance. The intake of calcium by the boys was 365 +/- 199 mg and that by the girls was 452 +/- 67 mg. The intake of iron and vitamins was more than the recommended dietary allowance. In the case of the boys on elimination diets, the ratio of PFC was P = 17.1%, F = 11.6%, C = 70.8%, and in the case of the girls it was P = 17.1%, F = 13.9%, C = 69.0%. It has been clarified that the F ratio of the intake of the boys and the girls was smaller than the ratio of the recommended dietary allowances, and that P ratio and C ratio were larger.
The Rome Criteria Process: Diagnosis and Legitimization of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (1999)

1Co-Director, UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders Division of Digestive Diseases University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Reprint requests and correspondence: Douglas A Drossman, MD, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 726 Burnett-Womack Building, CB #7080, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080 Received July 9, 1999; accepted July 9, 1999.
Äther und Ester des 4‐(2‐Hydroxyaethyl)‐imidazols und Ester der 4‐Imidazolpropionsäure 4. Mitt. über Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen bei Histaminanaloga (1974)

Abstract Als potentiell histaminartig wirksame Substanzen wurden Äther und Ester des 4‐(2‐Hydroxyaethyl)‐imidazols und Ester der 4‐Imidazolpropionsäure dargestellt und am isolierten Ileum des Meerschweinchens und anderen Testobjekten untersucht.
Voice activity detection using a periodicity measure (1992)

The paper describes a voice activity detector (VAD) that can operate reliably in SNRs down to 0 dB and detect most speech at −5 dB. The detector applies a least-squares periodicity estimator to the input signal, and triggers when a significant amount of periodicity is found. It does not aim to find the exact talkspurt boundaries and, consequently, is most suited to speech-logging applications where it is easy to include a small margin to allow for any missed speech. The paper discusses the problem of false triggering on nonspeech periodic signals and shows how robustness to these signals can be achieved with suitable preprocessing and postprocessing.
Distal radius fractures. Multiplanar ligamentotaxis. (1993)

Ligamentotaxis is the principle of molding fracture fragments into alignment as a result of tension applied across a fracture by the surrounding intact soft tissues. Uniplanar ligamentotaxis obtained by longitudinal traction does not always restore palmar tilt to the distal radius. Multiplanar ligamentotaxis extends the principle of uniplanar ligamentotaxis to include translation of the hand in the dorsal-palmar and the radial-ulnar planes to effect appositional and tilting alignment of the distal fragment(s) of a fractured radius. Use of an external fixator that allows adjustments in multiple planes helps restore anatomic alignment and maintain fracture reduction during healing.
Enhanced AMLCD and backlight for extended luminance range and sunlight readability (1995)

As cockpit lighting systems have evolved which implement active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD) into military aircraft, it has become obvious that an extremely large dimming range is necessary to accommodate low level night operation and high ambient sunlight conditions. This range may be as large a 0.03 FtL to 200 FtL (6667:1) over the display field of view. This is a much larger range than previously exhibited by typical hot cathode fluorescent lamps. Additionally, performance enhancements are necessary to achieve the high contrast required for sunlight operation in a military environment. These are also complicated by the requirements to start rapidly and operate reliably in environments of -54 degree(s)C to +71 degree(s)C. A significant research and development program has been dedicated to advance the backlight and display technology to achieve the desired performance. This paper will present the results of this effort. It includes data from the benchmarked start through several breadboarded backlight and display enhancements.
Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals (2016)

Results revealed that short-term supplementation of Montmorency powdered tart cherries surrounding an endurance challenge attenuated markers of muscle catabolism, reduced immune and inflammatory stress, better maintained redox balance, and increased performance in aerobically trained individuals.
Context-Aware Computing, Learning, and Big Data in Internet of Things: A Survey (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing rapidly due to recent advancements in communications and sensor technologies. Meanwhile, with this revolutionary transformation, researchers, implementers, deployers, and users are faced with many challenges. IoT is a complicated, crowded, and complex field; there are various types of devices, protocols, communication channels, architectures, middleware, and more. Standardization efforts are plenty, and this chaos will continue for quite some time. What is clear, on the other hand, is that IoT deployments are increasing with accelerating speed, and this trend will not stop in the near future. As the field grows in numbers and heterogeneity, “intelligence” becomes a focal point in IoT. Since data now becomes “big data,” understanding, learning, and reasoning with big data is paramount for the future success of IoT. One of the major problems in the path to intelligent IoT is understanding “context,” or making sense of the environment, situation, or status using data from sensors, and then acting accordingly in autonomous ways. This is called “context-aware computing,” and it now requires both sensing and, increasingly, learning, as IoT systems get more data and better learning from this big data. In this survey, we review the field, first, from a historical perspective, covering ubiquitous and pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, and wireless sensor networks, and then, move to context-aware computing studies. Finally, we review learning and big data studies related to IoT. We also identify the open issues and provide an insight for future study areas for IoT researchers.
Parameter Estimation for Water Distribution Networks (1991)

Calibration of a water distribution network is a long, tedious task, if analyzed by an engineer, with no guarantee of determining the proper system parameters. In addition, more utilities are moving toward automated control and wish to estimate the state of the network based upon telemetry data, A rigorous, nonlinear programming algorithm, which incorporates a network simulation model, is presented to solve these problems. The model is capable of analyzing one or more independent demand patterns, or extended period simulations, or both. The model assumes the measurements are exact and has an objective of minimizing the sum of the squares or absolute values of the differences between observed and estimated values of pipe flows and nodal pressure heads. The model consistently finds optimal solutions with the objective function equal to zero with exact data. However, the estimated parameters (pipe roughness coefficients, valve settings, and nodal demands) are not always the true values, which points to a need to collect sufficient quantities of high‐quality data.
Some results with a trainable speech translation and understanding system (2002)

The problems of limited-domain spoken language translation and understanding are considered. A standard continuous speech recognizer is extended for using automatically learnt finite-state transducers as translation models. Understanding is considered as a particular case of translation where the target language is a formal language. From the different approaches compared, the best results are obtained with a fully integrated approach, in which the input language acoustic and lexical models, and (N-gram) language models of input and output languages, are embedded into the learnt transducers. Optimal search through this global network obtains the best translation for a given input acoustic signal.
Electron spin resonance study on chemical‐crosslinking reaction mechanisms of polyethylene using a chemical agent. VI. Effect of α‐methyl styrene dimer (2001)

The effect of α-methyl styrene dimer (AMSD), which is used as a scorch retarder, on the reaction mechanisms of the chemical crosslinking of polyethylene (PE) with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at high temperatures was investigated using electron spin resonance. When AMSD was added to PE containing DCP, the AMSD radical was observed; however, the PE alkyl radical or allyl radical presence was not detected. At 145 °C, crosslinking was obstructed as a result of the reaction between AMSD and alkyl radicals. As the temperature increased, AMSD fragmented to form 2-phenyl-2-propyl and double bonds in PE. This generation of double bonds, however, accelerated crosslinking at 180 °C and was more effective than when AMSD was not present. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2151–2156, 2001
The contact lens and myopia progression study (2001)

The Contact Lens and Myopia Progression (CLAMP) Study is a randomized clinical trial to examine the effects of rigid gas permeable contact lenses on myopia progression in children. Unique study design issues may help avoid pitfalls experienced by previous myopia control studies.