gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pythia: detection, localization, and diagnosis of performance problems (2013)

Performance problem diagnosis is a critical part of network operations in ISPs. Service providers use a combination of approaches to troubleshoot performance of their networks, such as active monitoring infrastructure and data collection (SNMP, Netflow, router logs, table dumps, etc.) along with customer trouble tickets. Some of these approaches, however, do not scale to wide area inter-domain networks due to unavailability of such data; moreover, troubleshooting is either reactive (e.g., driven by customer complaints) or (typically) automated using static thresholds. In this article, we describe the design and implementation of a system for root cause analysis and localization of performance problems in ISP networks. Our approach works with legacy monitoring infrastructure (e.g., perfSONAR deployments) and does not need specialized active probing tools or network data. Our system provides a language for network operators to define performance problem signatures, and provides near-real-time performance diagnosis and localization. We describe our deployment of Pythia in perfSONAR monitors in production networks in Georgia, covering over 250 inter-domain paths.
Mechanisms of Tenebrescence and Persistent Luminescence in Synthetic Hackmanite Na<sub>8</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>(Cl,S)<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Synthetic hackmanites, Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2, showing efficient purple tenebrescence and blue/white persistent luminescence were studied using different spectroscopic techniques to obtain a quantified view on the storage and release of optical energy in these materials. The persistent luminescence emitter was identified as impurity Ti(3+) originating from the precursor materials used in the synthesis, and the energy storage for persistent luminescence was postulated to take place in oxygen vacancies within the aluminosilicate framework. Tenebrescence, on the other hand, was observed to function within the Na4(Cl,S) entities located in the cavities of the aluminosilicate framework. The mechanism of persistent luminescence and tenebrescence in hackmanite is presented for the first time.
Polyurethanes and polyesters from lignin (2005)

Abstract Lignin, obtained through steam explosion from straw, was completely characterized via elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, and 13 C and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Polyurethanes were obtained by treating steam‐exploded lignin from straw with 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate), 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) –ethandiol, and poly(1,4‐butandiol)tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate terminated. The obtained materials were characterized by using gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a T g at −6°C, assigned to the glass transition of the poly(1,4‐butandiol) chains. The presence of ethylene glycol reduced the yields of the polyurethanes. The use of the prepolymer gave the best results in polyurethane formation. Steam‐exploded lignin was used as the starting material in the synthesis of polyesters. Lignin was treated with dodecanoyl dichloride. The products were characterized by using gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, 13 C and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1451–1456, 2005
Speech recognition using noise-adaptive prototypes (2003)

A probabilistic mixture model is described for a frame (the short-term spectrum) of each to be used in speech recognition. Each component of the mixture is regarded as a prototype for the labeling phase of a hidden Markov model based speech recognition system. Since the ambient noise during recognition can differ from the ambient noise present in the training data, the model is designed for convenient updating in changing noise. Based on the observation that the energy in a frequency band is at any fixed time dominated either by signal energy or by noise energy, the authors model the energy as the larger of the separate energies of signal and noise in the band. Statistical algorithms are given for training this as a hidden variables model. The hidden variables are the prototype identities and the separate signal and noise components. A series of speech recognition experiments that successfully utilize this model is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3-Cyclohexyloxy-2-Hydroxypropyl Acrylate-Styrene Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity Ratios (1997)

Abstract Copolymers of 3-cyclohexyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HHPA) with styrene were prepared by free-radical-initiated solution polymerization in 1,4-dioxane. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used in the polymer characterization. Glass transition temperatures as a function of HHPA in copolymer changed from 76 to 17°C. The copolymer compositions were determined by elemental analysis and 1H-NMR spectra. Reactivity ratios were calculated as r HHPA = 0.37 ± 0.34 and r styrene = 1.10 ± 0.47 from the Kelen-Tüdos equation, and r HHPA = 0.31 ± 0.08 and r styrene = 0.95 ± 0.37 from the Fineman-Ross equation.
Detection and localization of cable faults by time and frequency domain measurements (2010)

The localization of cable faults is very important for communication systems, power distribution systems and vehicles. Reflectometry methods are often used to detect and locate cable faults. A high-frequency signal is send down the cable. The reflected signal includes information about changes of cable impedance. With measurement of the time or phase delay the faults can be detected and located. These methods are used to detect open and short circuits. There are also techniques available for detecting frays, joints and other small anomalies. This paper describes and simulates different wire test methods that suitable for portable or in-situ test equipment and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The methods compared are the time domain reflectometry (TDR), time frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR).
In situ hybridization analysis of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 mRNA. (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) play an intimate role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory reactions due to their pluripotent activities. In this paper, we describe the use of an in situ hybridization analysis as an effective means to probe for TNF and IL-1 mRNA levels in primary macrophage cultures and macrophage cell lines. A significant increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF mRNA accumulation was demonstrated by in situ hybridization using either a 35S-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide (30-mer) complementary to TNF mRNA or a 35S-randomly primed labeled TNF DNA probe. An augmentation in TNF mRNA accumulation, as assessed by increasing grains/cell, was demonstrated over a wide concentration range of LPS. This accumulation was shown using both immunologically elicited primary macrophage cultures and the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Interestingly, the RAW 264.7 constitutively produced TNF in the absence of specific stimulus and this tonic production was observed at the molecular level via in situ hybridization analysis. Specificity of the in situ hybridization technique was shown by a complete loss in binding of 35S-probe after either RNase digestion or competition with "cold-labeled" probe. beta-actin served as a 35S-labeled control probe where the number of actin-specific grains/cell was not altered by stimulating macrophages with LPS. IL-1 alpha mRNA was also increased by LPS stimulation of macrophages as assessed by in situ hybridization. The LPS-dependent increase in macrophage mRNA for TNF and IL-1 alpha, as assessed by in situ hybridization, was confirmed by classical Northern blot analysis as well as the production of biologically-active protein.
Carbohydrate-Induced Memory Impairment in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

In adults with type 2 diabetes, poorer glycemic control is associated with lower performance on tests of declarative memory. Acute ingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrate foods further contributes to the underlying memory impairment.
Estimation of the life cycle cost of the upper railway track structure (2018)

The length of tracks with excess tonnage was 14% in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2007, and it reached 20% by 2017. Removal of these restrictions is possible due to modernization of the upper railway track structure (URTS) with increasing its durability and lowering of the life cycle cost (LCC). The purpose of the study is building the LCC estimation model. This model includes the structure of the URTS, the categories and elements of the costs for its maintenance, identification (estimation) of costs, algorithms for their calculation. The average annual LCC of 1 km of the URTS includes the cost of reconstruction, maintenance, intermediate repairs, elimination of consequences of road failures and disposal in the form of the return value of old URS elements. The developed methodology was tested on the actual data of one of the sections of the West Siberian Infrastructure Directorate. The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to conclude that the adopted model of calculating the LCC of URTS adequately displays the categories and elements of the costs for maintenance of the railway track, their specific share in the LCC.
On the Evaluation of Powers (1976)

It is shown that for any set of positive integers $\{ n_1 ,n_2 , \cdots ,n_p \} $, there exists a procedure which computes $\{ x^{n_1 } ,x^{n_2 } , \cdots ,x^{n_p } \} $ for any input x in less than $\lg N + c\sum_{i = 1}^P [\lg n_i /\lg \lg (n_i + 2)]$ multiplications for some constant c, where $N = \max _i \{ n_i \} $. This gives a partial solution to an open problem in Knuth [3, § 4.6.3, Ex. 32] and generalizes Brauer’s theorem on addition chains.
CUTIE: Learning to Understand Documents with Convolutional Universal Text Information Extractor (2019)

Extracting key information from documents, such as receipts or invoices, and preserving the interested texts to structured data is crucial in the document-intensive streamline processes of office automation in areas that includes but not limited to accounting, financial, and taxation areas. To avoid designing expert rules for each specific type of document, some published works attempt to tackle the problem by learning a model to explore the semantic context in text sequences based on the Named Entity Recognition (NER) method in the NLP field. In this paper, we propose to harness the effective information from both semantic meaning and spatial distribution of texts in documents. Specifically, our proposed model, Convolutional Universal Text Information Extractor (CUTIE), applies convolutional neural networks on gridded texts where texts are embedded as features with semantical connotations. We further explore the effect of employing different structures of convolutional neural network and propose a fast and portable structure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a dataset with up to $4,484$ labelled receipts, without any pre-training or post-processing, achieving state of the art performance that is much better than the NER based methods in terms of either speed and accuracy. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed CUTIE model being able to achieve good performance with a much smaller amount of training data.
Self-injury in psychiatric in-patients. (1990)

Suicide and self-injury in-patients were identified on the basis of a retrospective content analysis of special incidence reports completed the preceding year at an urban state psychiatric hospital. Select clinical and biodemographic variables were then examined, and in order to determine the importance of these variables in the prediction of incident severity, a multiple regression analysis was performed. Schizophrenic patients were found to be significantly over-represented among both the self-injury and suicide patients.
Cervical vertebral interbody fusion in the horse: A comparative study of bovine xenografts and autografts supported by stainless steel baskets (1984)

A modified form of the Cloward technique for anterior cervical fusion in human beings was used in the application of different grafts for evaluation of their effectiveness in stabilizing equine cervical vertebrae. Results of bovine xenograft implants in 8 horses were compared with results of stainless steel baskets (SSB) packed with cancellous autogenous bone in 8 horses. Graft material was incorporated in all cases. Evidence of graft rejection was not present. Both forms of implants decreased the mobility of the intervertebral space in which they were implanted. A fibrous connective tissue union was prevalent after xenograft implantation. Osseous union was prevalent after implantation of the SSB. Reduction in range of motion was greatest at those sites with the SSB.
Single-feed dual-frequency triangular microstrip antenna with a pair of bent slots (2001)

By embedding a pair of bent slots close to the side edges, novel dual-frequency operation of a single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna is presented and experimentally studied. The two operating frequencies have parallel polarization planes and similar broadside-radiation patterns. A tunable frequency ratio of the two frequencies ranging from about 1.2 to 1.43 is obtained by varying the lengths and positions of the bent slots. Details of the proposed dual-frequency design are described, and experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 389–391, 2001.
Disk Diffusion Bioassays for the Detection of Antibiotic Activity in Body Fluids: Applications for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project (2012)

To draw inferences about the putative etiologic agents of severe pneumonia, the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) project must be able to objectively assess antibiotic pretreatment in enrolled participants. This review is focused on the disk diffusion bioassay, a simple laboratory method to assess recent antibiotic treatment. In this method, a sensitive indicator organism is used to detect antimicrobial activity in body fluid specimens that have been inoculated on a filter paper disk and placed on agar growth medium. We reviewed and present several variations on the disk diffusion method as applied to serum or urine, including specimen handling, choice of indicator organism and medium, and incubation steps. Although there are limitations to the disk diffusion method, its low cost, ease of use, and ability to broadly detect antibiotic pretreatment make it an appealing method for epidemiologic studies such as PERCH.
Back injury in municipal workers: a case-control study. (1999)

Results suggest that increasing workers' control over their jobs reduces levels of job strain. Ergonomic strategies and worksite health promotion may help reduce other risk factors.
Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Pol or HIV-1 Gag-Pol and Env Expressed from a Single Rhabdovirus-Based Vaccine Vector Genome (2003)

Recombinant rabies virus (RV) vaccine strain-based vectors have been successfully developed as vaccines against other viral diseases (J. P. McGettigan et al., J. Virol. 75:4430-4434, 2001; McGettigan et al., J. Virol. 75:8724-8732, 2001; C. A. Siler et al., Virology 292:24-34, 2002), and safety concerns have recently been addressed (McGettigan et al., J. Virol. 77:237-244, 2003). However, size limitations of the vectors may restrict their use for development of vaccine applications that require the expression of large and multiple foreign antigens. Here we describe a new RV-based vaccine vehicle expressing 4.4 kb of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Pol precursor Pr160. Our results indicate that Pr160 is expressed and processed, as demonstrated by immunostaining and Western blotting. Electron microscopy studies showed both immature and mature HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs), indicating that the expressed HIV-1 Gag Pr55 precursor was processed properly by the HIV-1 protease. A functional assay also confirmed the cleavage and functional expression of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from the modified RV genome. In the next step, we constructed and recovered a new RV vaccine strain-based vector expressing a chimeric HIV-1(89.6P) RV envelope protein from an additional RV transcription unit located between the RV nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) in addition to HIV-1 Pr160. The 2.2-kb chimeric HIV-1/RV envelope protein is composed of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain (ED) and transmembrane domain (TD) fused to RV glycoprotein (G) cytoplasmic domain (CD), which is required for efficient incorporation of HIV-1 Env into RV particles. Of note, the expression of both HIV-1 Env and HIV-1 Pr160 resulted in an increase in the rhabdoviral genome of >55%. Both rhabdovirus-expressed HIV-1 precursor proteins were functional, as indicated by RT activity and Env-based fusion assays. These findings demonstrate that both multiple and very large foreign genes can be effectively expressed by RV-based vectors. This research opens up the possibility for the further improvement of rhabdovirus-based HIV-1 vaccines and their use to express large foreign proteins, perhaps from multiple human pathogens.
Manipulating Rumen Fermentation (1977)

Fermentation efficiency and the nutrient outflow from the rumen can be adjusted by manipulating the microbes and their activities with chemical agents which modulate selected pathways of metabolism (i.e., VFA production, methanogenesis, amino acid degradation, ureolysis), by controlling rate of water removal from the rumen, and by regulating pH. Concomitant adjustments in the quantity and efficiency of production by the animal are determined by utilization of the altered nutrient pattern by the host ruminant's tissue system. The type and extent of manipulation needed to maximize animal productivity can be expected to vary with and depend upon the nature of the diet and physiological functions performed.
Effects of Visual Experience on the Human MT+ Functional Connectivity Networks: An fMRI Study of Motion Perception in Sighted and Congenitally Blind Individuals (2010)

Human middle temporal complex (hMT+) responds also to the perception of non-visual motion in both sighted and early blind individuals, indicating a supramodal organization. Visual experience, however, leads to a segregation of hMT+ into a more anterior subregion, involved in the supramodal representation of motion, and a posterior subregion that processes visual motion only. In contrast, in congenitally blind subjects tactile motion activates the full extent of hMT+. Here, we used fMRI to investigate brain areas functionally connected with the two hMT+ subregions (seeds) during visual and tactile motion in sighted and blind individuals. A common functional connectivity network for motion processing, including bilateral ventral and dorsal extrastriate, inferior frontal, middle and inferior temporal areas, correlated with the two hMT+ seeds both in sighted and blind individuals during either visual or tactile motion, independently from the sensory modality through which the information was acquired. Moreover, ventral premotor, somatosensory, and posterior parietal areas correlated only with the anterior but not with the posterior portion of hMT+ in sighted subjects, and with both hMT+ seeds in blind subjects. Furthermore, a correlation between middle temporal and occipital areas with primary somatosensory seeds was demonstrated across conditions in both sighted and blind individuals, suggesting a cortico-cortical pathway that conveys non-visual information from somatosensory cortex, through posterior parietal regions, to ventral extrastriate cortex. These findings expand our knowledge about the development of the functional organization within hMT+ by showing that distinct patterns of brain functional correlations originate from the anterior and posterior hMT+ subregions as a result of visual experience.
Distributed Versions of Linear Time Temporal Logic: A Trace Perspective (1998)

Linear time Temporal Logic (LTL) as proposed by Pnueli [37] has become a well established tool for specifying the dynamic behaviour of distributed systems. A basic feature of LTL is that its formulas are interpreted over sequences. Typically, such a sequence will model a computation of a system; a sequence of states visited by the system or a sequence of actions executed by the system during the course of the computation. A system is said to satisfy a specification expressed as an LTL formula in case every computation of the system is a model of the formula. A rich theory of LTL is now available using which one can effectively verify whether a nite state system meets its specification [51]. Indeed, the verification task can be automated (for instance using the software packages SPIN [21] and FormalCheck [2]) to handle large systems of practical interest.
Mechanical and thermal properties of copper inverse opals for two-phase convection enhancement (2014)

Nanoengineered structures have received significant attention due to the application of porous media convection structures. Metal porous structures provide unique combinations of large surface to volume ratio, high conductivity, and mechanical compliance. The integration of metal porous structures can improve the performance of convective heat exchangers for high heat flux thermal management. Copper inverse opals (CIOs) are more attractive because their geometry can be precisely controlled and determined at the pore level. This study reports a combination of experiments, simulations, and analytical models to understand the mechanical and thermal properties of CIOs coupled with structural information. Detailed image analysis to quantify the porosity and pore geometry is followed. The mechanical modulus and thermal conductivity of CIOs show a strong dependence on the porosity. The mechanical compliance of 20-50 GPa and high thermal conductivity of ~100 W/mK are promising for a variety of applications including microchannels applications.
A new-regime Wiley–McLaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1994)

A modified version of the classic Wiley–McLaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) is presented here. Owing to a second-order compensation of the initial position effect, a mass resolution m/δm higher than 2000 is obtained with large ion volumes, of the order of 0.2 cm3 for Na+55 (1265 a.m.u.). Sodium clusters Na+n with n up to 530 (≂12200 a.m.u.) are separated. The spectrometer can be used for the analysis of ionized clusters in a mass range from 1 to about 20000 a.m.u. as well as for the measurement of the kinetic energy of molecular fragments after a Coulomb explosion of a molecule. The performance of this spectrometer is demonstrated with sodium clusters and molecules.
Hamiltonian tomography: the quantum (system) measurement problem (2015)

Abstract To harness the power of controllable quantum systems for information processing or quantum simulation, it is essential to be able to accurately characterise the system's Hamiltonian. Although in principle this requires determining less parameters than full quantum process tomography, a general and extendable method for reconstructing a general Hamiltonian has been elusive. In their recent paper, Wang et al (2015 New J. Phys. 17 093017 ) apply dynamical decoupling to the problem of Hamiltonian tomography and show how to reconstruct a general many-body Hamiltonian comprised of arbitrary interactions between qubits.