gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boosting the accuracy of a 100000-word Japanese speech recognition system (1991)

The authors describe some techniques for boosting the accuracy of a 100000-word Japanese speech recognition system. They review the structure and performance of the system and introduce two methods for improving the recognition accuracy. One method involves the selection of the training word set, and the other involves the number of word candidates selected by the preselection method. A method for reducing the amount of computation is also proposed. The performance of the improved system is evaluated. The top-20 recognition error rate was 1.5% for 10000 test utterances of five females and five males. The improved system could reduce top-20 recognition errors by 75% without a significant increase in computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relación con los países del Este Asiático (1996)

Como contrapartida de su proceso de crecimiento basado en el "boom exportador", las economías del Este Asiático se han transformado en los importadores más dinámicos del mundo. El gran potencial de complementación comercial, la presencia institucional de nuestro país en el área, la consolidación del Mercosur y el acuerdo que establece una zona de libre comercio entre este agrupamiento y Chile, son algunos de los aspectos mas importantes que contribuyen al mejoramiento de las tácticas de aproximación argentina al Este Asiático.
Differential subcellular localization of two dopamine D<sub>2</sub>receptor isoforms in transfected NG108‐15 cells (2003)

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is target for antipsychotic drugs and associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. D2R has a long third cytoplasmic loop and a short carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic tail. It exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms, termed D2LR and D2SR, which differ in the presence and absence, respectively, of a 29 amino acid insert in the third cytoplasmic loop. To evaluate the differential roles of the two D2R isoforms, we transfected both isoforms into NG108-15 cells and observed their subcellular localization by a confocal laser scanning light microscope. D2SR was predominantly localized at the plasma membrane, whereas D2LR was mostly retained in the perinuclear region around the Golgi apparatus. Using a yeast two hybrid system with a mouse brain cDNA library and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we found that heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) interacts with D2LR but not with D2SR. H-FABP is a cytosolic protein involved in binding and transport of fatty acids. Overexpressed H-FABP and endogenous H-FABP were colocalized with the intracellular D2LR in NG108-15 cells. Furthermore, in the rat striatum, H-FABP was detected in the D2R-expressing neurons. From these results, H-FABP is associated with D2LR, and may thereby modulate the subcellular localization and function of D2LR.
Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples from pediatric patients by polymerase chain reaction (1992)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in clinical samples (nasopharyngeal aspirations or bronchoalveolar lavages) obtained from 100 children, 1 month to 16 years old. PCR allowed the detection of M. pneumoniae DNA from 20 out of the 100 patients studied. In 16 cases, PCR positivity was associated with acute respiratory symptomatology. For five PCR-positive patients, a positive culture or a serological response evidenced acute M. pneumoniae infections. A lack of antibody response was observed particularly with immunocompromised children and infants less than 12 months old. The amount of M. pneumoniae DNA in the PCR was estimated in a semiquantitative way by comparison of its hybridization signal with those obtained for 100, 10, and 1 color-changing unit (CCU) of the M. pneumoniae FH strain. Small amounts (less than or equal to 10(2) CCU/ml) of M. pneumoniae were found in samples from asymptomatic patients, while larger amounts (greater than or equal to 10(2) to greater than or equal to 10(4) CCU/ml) were found for 8 out of 10 patients with acute pneumonia.
Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women (2007)

The maintenance of a low pH in the vagina through the microbial production of lactic acid is known to be an important defense against infectious disease in reproductive age women. Previous studies have shown that this is largely accomplished through the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, primarily species of Lactobacillus. Despite the importance of this defense mechanism to women's health, differences in the species composition of vaginal bacterial communities among women have not been well defined, nor is it known if and how these differences might be linked to differences in the risk of infection. In this study, we defined and compared the species composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 144 Caucasian and black women in North America. This was carried out based on the profiles of terminal restriction fragments of 16S rRNA genes, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the numerically dominant microbial populations. Among all the women sampled, there were eight major kinds of vaginal communities ('supergroups') that occurred in the general populace at a frequency of at least 0.05 (P=0.99). From the distribution of these supergroups among women, it was possible to draw several conclusions. First, there were striking, statistically significant differences (P=0.0) in the rank abundance of community types among women in these racial groups. Second, the incidence of vaginal communities in which lactobacilli were not dominant was higher in black women (33%) as compared to Caucasian women (7%). Communities not dominated by lactobacilli had Atopobium and a diverse array of phylotypes from the order Clostridiales. Third, communities dominated by roughly equal numbers of more than one species of Lactobacillus were rare in black women, but common in Caucasian women. We postulate that because of these differences in composition, not all vaginal communities are equally resilient, and that differences in the vaginal microbiota of Caucasian and black women may at least partly account for known disparities in the susceptibility of women in these racial groups to bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases.
Construction and expression of a bicistronic vector containing human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-165 genes in vitro (2009)

It has been well documented that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a group of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily, can induce bone formation, both in vivo and in vitro.
Trellis turbo-codes in flat Rayleigh fading with diversity (2002)

This paper compares the performance of two schemes for joint channel estimation and turbo-decoding of high-rate trellis turbo-codes in flat Rayleigh fading, where antenna diversity is available at the receiver. The first method relies on iterative quantized phase estimation, and the second on optimum filtering of pilot and coded symbols. For Doppler rates of practical interest, simulations indicate that optimum pilot filtering is superior to approximating the channel phase with a quantized Markov model. The optimum filtering approach also has lower complexity. For an absolute measure of performance, proximity to channel capacity is also discussed. Iterative joint channel estimation and turbo-decoding with either method is demonstrated to achieve almost all the capacity gain due to receiver antenna diversity.
Cobas Core CA 19-9 II EIA: new CA 19-9 enzyme immunoassay with high correlation to radioimmunoassays. (1997)

Especially in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (1-5) (89%) the high molecular weight mucin CA 19-9 (MG 210 kD) shows a high specificity (98.5%) and sensitivity (up to 82%) (6-7). The mayor problem in the field of CA 19-9 diagnostics is the lack of satisfying comparability between CA 19-9 test kits: external proficiency studies (8) indicate a discrepancy between enzymatic and isotopic tests regarding their correlation. The Cobas Core CA 19-9 EIA II contributes to the standardisation of the CA 19-9 kits and allows the switching over from CA 19-9 IRMA's to EIA's. The test can be performed on the random access immunochemistry analyzer Cobas Core with a total assay time of 75 minutes by using 20 microliters of serum or plasma specimens. The analytical sensitivity was determined to be > 0.3 IU/ml. The 2 recalibrators cover a measuring range from 0 to 400 IU/ml. A high-dose-hook effect was not observed up to a concentration of 400,000 IU/ml. Interferences from the sample caused by heterophilic antibodies are reduced to a minimum. Precisions for intra-assay and inter-assay ranged below 5% and 6% respectively. In summary, the Cobas Core CA 19-9 II EIA exhibits a significant improvement regarding the correlation to CA 19-9 radioimmunometric methods (CIS, Centocor).
BlobSeer: Bringing high throughput under heavy concurrency to Hadoop Map-Reduce applications (2010)

Hadoop is a software framework supporting the Map-Reduce programming model. It relies on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as its primary storage system. The efficiency of HDFS is crucial for the performance of Map-Reduce applications. We substitute the original HDFS layer of Hadoop with a new, concurrency-optimized data storage layer based on the BlobSeer data management service. Thereby, the efficiency of Hadoop is significantly improved for data-intensive Map-Reduce applications, which naturally exhibit a high degree of data access concurrency. Moreover, BlobSeer's features (built-in versioning, its support for concurrent append operations) open the possibility for Hadoop to further extend its functionalities. We report on extensive experiments conducted on the Grid'5000 testbed. The results illustrate the benefits of our approach over the original HDFS-based implementation of Hadoop.
Energy-efficient and reliable wireless sensor networks - an extension to IEEE 802.15.4e (2014)

Collecting sensor data in industrial environments from up to some tenth of battery-powered sensor nodes with sampling rates up to 100 Hz requires energy-aware protocols, which avoid collisions and long listening phases. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard focuses on energy-aware wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Task Group 4e has published an amendment to fulfill up to 100 sensor value transmissions per second per sensor node (low latency deterministic network (LLDN) mode) to satisfy demands of factory automation. To improve the reliability of the data collection in the star topology of the LLDN mode, we propose a relay strategy, which can be performed within the LLDN schedule. Furthermore, we propose an extension of the star topology to collect data from two-hop sensor nodes. The proposed retransmission mode enables power savings in the sensor node of more than 33%, while reducing the packet loss by up to 40%. To reach this performance, an optimum spatial distribution is necessary, which is discussed in detail.
192. The synthesis and reactions of branched-chain hydrocarbons. Part X. The rearrangement of α-ethynyl alcohols to unsaturated carbonyl compounds (1956)

M. F. Ansell, J. W. Hancock and W. J. Hickinbottom, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 911 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000911
Review and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Array Fault Detection and Diagnosis Techniques (2019)

The environmentally clean nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology causes PV power generation to be embraced by all countries across the globe. Consequently, installation and utilization of PV power systems have seen much growth in recent years. Although PV arrays of such systems are robust, they are not immune to faults. To guarantee reliable power supply, economic returns, and safety of both humans and equipment, highly accurate fault detection, diagnosis, and interruption devices are required. In this paper, an overview of four major PV array faults and their causes are presented. Specifically, ground fault, line-line fault, arc fault, and hot spot fault have been covered. Next, conventional and advanced fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) techniques for managing these faults are reviewed. Moreover, a single evaluation metric has been proposed and utilized to evaluate the performances of the advanced FDD techniques. Finally, based on the papers reviewed, PV array fault management future trends and possible recommendations have been outlined.
Moving vehicle noise classification using backpropagation algorithm (2010)

The hearing impaired is afraid of walking along a street and living a life alone. Since, it is difficult for hearing impaired to hear and judge sound information and they often encounter risky situations while they are in outdoors. The sound produced by moving vehicle in outdoor situation cannot be moderate wisely by profoundly deaf people. They also cannot distinguish the type and the distance of any moving vehicle approaching from their behind. Generally the profoundly deaf people do not use any hearing aid which does not provide any benefit. In this paper, a simple system that identifies the type and distance of a moving vehicle using artificial neural network has been proposed. The noises emanated from moving vehicles along the roadside were recorded along with the type and distance of moving vehicles. Simple feature extraction algorithm for extracting the feature from noise emanated by the moving vehicle has been made using frequency analysis approach. A one-third-octave filter bands is used for getting the important signatures from the emanated noise. The extracted features are associated with the type and distance of the moving vehicle and a simple neural network model is developed. The developed neural network model is tested for its validity.
Air-Source Integrated Heat Pump for Near-Zero Energy Houses: Technology Status Report (2007)

This report documents the development of an air-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) through the third quarter of FY2007. It describes the design, analyses and testing of the AS-IHP, and provides performance specifications for a field test prototype and proposed control strategy. The results obtained so far continue to support the AS-IHP being a promising candidate to meet the energy service needs for DOE's development of a Zero Energy Home (ZEH) by the year 2020.
Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process (1999)

Inflammatory mediators in the cervix, placenta and fetal membranes play a crucial role in human parturition. The aim of this study was to determine whether the upper and lower segments of the myometrium are infiltrated by inflammatory cells during pregnancy and parturition. Myometrial biopsies were obtained from non-pregnant women, and pregnant women at term before and after the onset of spontaneous labour. Subpopulations of inflammatory cells were identified using immunocytochemistry. The intercellular adhesion molecules, 1 and 2, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin were immunolocalized to investigate their involvement in leukocyte accumulation. Histological analysis demonstrated that inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils and macrophages, infiltrate human myometrium during spontaneous labour at term. The infiltrate is predominant in the lower uterine segment but is also present in the upper segment. Increased expression of E-selectin was found on the vascular endothelium of biopsies obtained during labour, suggesting a role for this molecule in the accumulation of leukocytes. These results suggest that inflammatory cell infiltration is part of the physiological mechanisms that occur in the myometrium during parturition. Further understanding of this process may suggest new strategies aimed at preventing preterm delivery.
Evolutionary conservation of tissue-specific lymphocyte-endothelial cell recognition mechanisms involved in lymphocyte homing. (1988)

Tissue-specific interactions with specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) direct the homing of lymphocytes from the blood into peripheral lymph nodes, mucosal lymphoid organs, and tissue sites of chronic inflammation. These interactions have been demonstrated in all mammalian species examined and thus appear highly conserved. To assess the degree of evolutionary divergence in lymphocyte-HEV recognition mechanisms, we have studied the ability of lymphocytes to interact with HEV across species barriers. By using an in vitro assay of lymphocyte binding to HEV in frozen sections of lymphoid tissues, we confirm that mouse, guinea pig, and human lymphocytes bind to xenogeneic as well as homologous HEV. In addition, we show that mouse and human lymphoid cell lines that bind selectively to either peripheral lymph node or mucosal vessels (Peyer's patches, appendix) in homologous lymphoid tissues exhibit the same organ specificity in binding to xenogeneic HEV. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies that recognize lymphocyte "homing receptors" and block homologous lymphocyte binding to peripheral lymph node or to mucosal HEV, also inhibit lymphocyte interactions with xenogeneic HEV in a tissue-specific fashion. Similarly, anti-HEV antibodies against organ-specific mouse high endothelial cell "addressins" involved in lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph node or mucosal lymphoid organs, not only block the adhesion of mouse lymphocytes but also of human lymphocytes to target mouse HEV. The results illustrate a remarkable degree of functional conservation of elements mediating these cell-cell recognition events involved in organ-specific lymphocyte homing.
Stator Winding Insulation Systems in Current Use (2003)

This chapter reviews the state of the art in random- and form-wound stator coil manufacturing, and presents the known characteristics of the major commercially available form-wound coil and bar insulation systems. We also present a look into the future of what revolutionary changes could be in store for stator winding insulation systems.
Design of CIC Compensator Filter in a Digital IF Receiver (2008)

This paper presents a simple multiplier less CIC compensation filter based on the sharpening technique. The proposed filter provides the narrowband compensation, as well as the wideband compensation in the band which is 3/4 of the overall band after decimation. The design parameter is the integer b which depends on the number of the cascaded CIC filters. The values of b are given in the Table obtained using different simulations in MATLAB.
Proton N.M.R. studies of chemical and diffusive exchange in carbohydrate systems (1989)

Abstract A computer-simulated stochastic model is developed capable of predicting the combined effects of chemical and diffusive exchange on the transverse relaxation of spin-1/2 nuclei in a heterogeneous system. Comparison is first made with previous analytical theories for the special case of two site chemical exchange in a homogeneous system and the experimental data on several homogeneous aqueous carbohydrate systems are analysed. Results show that transverse water proton relaxation in these systems is dominated by proton exchange between water and carbohydrate hydroxyl groups. Analysis of model heterogeneous carbohydrate systems shows that in addition to chemical exchange, diffusion coefficients, particle morphology and local magnetic field gradients all have a role to play in determining the proton relaxation behaviour.
UNA KYLZX DE LA «CLASE DELICADA» PROCEDENTE DE LORCA (MURCIA) (1989)

The appearance and recognition of exceptional pieces of Attic ware from Greece are enhanced by an unpublished item from Lorca that affords an increase in knowledge about the commercial routes in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula during the mid-first millennium B.C.
[The generation of neural stem cells: induction of neural stem cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells]. (2003)

Neural stem cells are considered the ultimate lineage precursors to all neurons and glia. Despite the significance of neural stem cells in the mammalian brain development, their ontogenesis remains unclear. We have established a colony-forming embryonic stem (ES) sphere assay, where ES cells were cultured in serum-free media in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to form floating spheres. LIF-dependent ES cell-derived sphere cells showed self-renewal and neural multipotentiality, cardinal features of the neural stem cell, but retained some non-neural properties and broader potential. We dabbed the cells in the ES cell-derived sphere of primitive neural stem cells. LIF-dependent sphere-forming cells were also present in the epiblast of embryonic day 5.5-7.5 mouse embryos. The generation of the in vivo primitive neural stem cell was independent of Notch signaling but the activation of Notch pathway was necessary for the transition from the primitive neural stem cell to the neural stem cell. We propose that the neural stem cell originates from the pluripotent inner cell mass/epiblast cell via the primitive neural stem cell stage under the control of Notch signaling.
High Modulus Layers As Protective Coatings For 'Window' Materials (1989)

Theoretical and experimental studies have been made on the effect of thin hard coatings on the stress fields generated by indentation and impact onto a flat half space. The theoretical work uses finite element techniques and shows that a thin hard coating can have a significant effect on the maximum tensile stress generated in the substrate providing there is a good bond at the coating/substrate interface. As it is technically difficult to deposit layers of thickness greater than a few microns without residual stresses causing debonding and peeling; double layer and multilayer systems have also been examined. Hertzian indentation on hard carbon coated germanium has shown that such coatings do offer protection against indentation damage. High speed liquid impact on coated germanium and zinc sulphide has shown, however, that although the quasi-static performance of the material may be improved the impact resistance of the coated material is not significantly affected. Reasons for this are discussed. In conclusion, although it is still to be hope that coatings that do improve the impact performance of materials can be manufactured, current coatings offer better protection against handling damage rather than against impact.
Using finite moment rate of innovation for LIDAR waveform complexity estimation (2010)

LIDAR sensing collects data to obtain detailed topographical information about a region. A major challenge here is the large amount of data that needs to be collected for accurate surface reconstruction which in turn imposes significant storage, processing and transmission requirements. Current efforts to solve this problem have been focusing on applying compression algorithms to the range measurements. This process, however, requires the collection of large amounts of data, most of which is ultimately discarded. Instead, our approach is to apply a compressive sensing paradigm to sparsely sample the scene using the estimated pulse complexity to characterize the scene complexity, thus determining the number of samples needed for accurate reconstruction. As a first step towards this goal, we characterize here the individual laser return pulses for scenes of varying complexity, assuming that the pulses are composed by a finite number of innovations. Each scene is thus sampled at a rate that is much lower than the traditional Nyquist/Shannon limit. Our results show that accurate classifications of waveform and scene complexity with the simple nearest neighbor classifier are obtained using the proposed algorithm.