gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable porous silicon photonic bandgap structures: Mirrors for optical interconnects and optical switching (2005)

Silicon is the dominant material in the microelectronics industry but it does not play a major role in optoelectronics because its optical properties are not sensitive to electric fields. In order to transfer the advantages of the well-established silicon processing infrastructure to the optoelectronics domain, the materials and optical properties of silicon must be manipulated. Porous silicon is a unique material that can provide the link between silicon technology and optoelectronic devices because it is inherently silicon-based, which facilitates device integration into a standard microelectronics platform, and it is porous, which allows for tuning of its optical properties. Through an effective medium approximation, a wide range of refractive indices can be achieved by varying the percentage of void space in porous silicon. Moreover, optically active species can be infiltrated into the silicon matrix to enable dynamic tuning of the porous silicon refractive index. In this work, tunable porous silicon photonic bandgap filters are fabricated as a first step towards silicon-based optical components. The basic structures for the tunable filters are multilayer porous silicon microcavities infiltrated with liquid crystals. The reflectance of the devices is tuned based on a physical rotation and subsequent refractive index change of the liquid crystals in response to thermal or electric field modulation. Extinction ratios exceeding 10 dB have been demonstrated. To better regulate the active tuning, a general method to minimize thermally induced drifts of silicon-based photonic bandgap structures is developed based on a simple oxidation treatment. Oxide coverage of the silicon matrix introduces a stress that provides a counterforce to the effect of the temperature dependent silicon refractive index in the typical operating temperature range of computer processors, 25C to 85C. The formation of tunable porous silicon photonic bandgap devices opens the door for the next generation of optical interconnect and optical switching technology.
Hyperbaric Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Fibers from the 1-Alkenes, 1-Alkynes, and Benzene (2006)

The growth of long carbon fibers was investigated using hyperbaric-pressure laser chemical vapor deposition (HP-LCVD). Precursors included the unbranched alkenes with linear structure 1-C(x)H(2x) (where x = 2,4,5,6,7,8), the unbranched alkynes, i.e., 1-C(x)H(2)(x-2) (where x = 3,4,5,6,8), and benzene. Rate constants, reaction orders, and apparent activation energies were derived for each precursor over a range of experimental conditions. Axial growth rates from the alkenes were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than for the alkynes, while growth rates for benzene exceeded 10 mm s(-1). Generalized expressions for the growth rate vs molecular weight were determined. For the alkenes, the growth rate was directly proportional to the square root of the precursor molecular weight, while the alkynes exhibited an inverse relationship. Two regions of differing reaction order were identified for the alkynes; at pressures less than 2.0-2.5 bar, the average reaction order was 3.07, while above 2.0-2.5 bar, reaction orders diverged. Expressions were derived for the fraction of carbon atoms deposited per alkyne molecule transported; the deposition efficiency decreased with molecular weight for the alkynes, due in part to the Soret effect. In contrast, the reaction order for the alkenes was 1.65, and for benzene was 2.25. A phase change in the deposit was observed for both the alkenes and alkynes, with the exceptions of pentene and pentyne. Complete axial rate equations for the alkenes and alkynes were derived, as well as volumetric growth equations for the alkynes. It was shown that the volumetric rate increases nonlinearly with laser power at sufficiently high pressures.
Increasing frame rate in ultrasound imaging by temporal morphing using tissue doppler (2005)

The diagnostic value of ultrasound B-mode sequences of the human heart seems to diminish when the frame rate is low. In this work, we used morphing based on velocity information to improve the quality of interpolated B-mode frames in sequences with low frame rate. Two different sources of information about tissue velocity were investigated: speckle tracking and Doppler signal processing. Based on a priori knowledge of the image, we calculated the velocity field in certain image locations throughout a cardiac cycle. Secondly, we extended the velocity information to the rest of each image frame to produce a velocity estimate for the entire data set. The velocity information was then used to create intermediate, morphed frames, where the frame rate could be chosen arbitrarily. We applied this technique to data previously used in diagnosis. The decimated and morphed sequences were compared to the original ones, and we conclude that much of the diagnostic value is retained in recordings with frame rates in the range of 12-18 frames per second.
Microporous Silica Thin Films with Low Refractive Indices and High Young’s Modulus (2010)

A microporous silica thin film with low refractive index (low-n) of 1.27 and high Young's modulus of 19.5 GPa was obtained by sol-gel synthesis using hydroxyacetone catalyst with tetramethyl orthosilicate and water in ethanol. Transmission electron microscope images and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements showed that the pores in the synthesized silica were <1 nm in diameter. Unlike many other microporous synthesis methods, our method did not require sacrificial reagents as templates. This allowed low-temperature fabrication of high-strength low-n silica.
LFRP-search: multi-layer ranked visual faceted search (2010)

In enterprise search scenarios information needs are quite diverse. If users know exactly which items they are looking for, they need support in known-item searches. But often information needs are vague and unclear, which means that users cannot explicitly define the search criteria that specify their search request. In these cases, exploratory search approaches are necessary to support users in interactively refining their search queries. Our approach for a retrieval system for complex search situations can be characterized by its four constituent parts: The approach deals with the heterogeneity of potential target objects when performing a search considering multiple artifact layers (e. g. projects, products, persons, and documents). The basic search paradigm applied is faceted search which is well-suited for exploratory interactive retrieval. To cope with result sets of different granularity, we include ranking facilities based on facet values as well as Query-by-Example (QbE) functionalities. Users can easily state their priorities visually by using preference functions. Finally, parallel coordinates (PC) are used to visualize the characteristics and dependencies of (intermediate) results in order to provide users with a deeper understanding of the data under investigation. These four cornerstones of our approach are reflected in the acronym LFRP-search (Multi-<u>L</u>ayer <u>F</u>aceted Search with <u>R</u>anking using <u>P</u>arallel <u>C</u>oordinates). The main contribution of this paper is the semi-formal description of the query options.
Improved Syntheses of Versatile Ruthenium Hydridocarbonyl Catalysts Containing Electron‐Rich Ancillary Ligands (2008)

Abstract Clean, high‐yield routes are established to the important catalyst chlorobis(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium hydridocarbonyl [RuHCl(CO)(PCy 3 ) 2 ] 2 and its N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derivatives RuHCl(CO)(NHC)(PCy 3 ) ( 3a : NHC=IMes; 3b , NHC=H 2 IMes; IMes=1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene). These complexes are obtained by treating chlorotris(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium hydridocarbonyl [RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ] 1 with tricyclohexylphosphine [PCy 3 ], or with the appropriate NHC ligand, then PCy 3 . Advantages over prior routes to these complexes lie in the high yields from a conveniently accessible precursor, the absence of by‐products that otherwise prove difficult to remove, and the short reaction times under experimentally convenient conditions.
POTASSIUM ACCELERATES URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION DURING SALT LOADING WITHOUT STIMULATING ATRIAL NATRIURETIC POLYPEPTIDE SECRETION (1992)

SUMMARY 1. Effects of potassium (K) supplementation (100 mEq/day) on urinary sodium (Na) excretion and on the secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) during salt loading (350 mEq/day) were studied in 12 healthy salt‐resistant normotensives under strictly controlled metabolic ward conditions. 2. Urinary volume and Na excretion on the first day of the high salt period (HSP) were significantly greater in the K‐supplemented group (KG) than in the control group (CG). 3. There was a significant gain in bodyweight after salt loading in both groups, with a significantly greater gain in CG on the second day of HSP. Haematocrit decreased significantly during salt loading in both groups, the degree of which was significantly greater in CG. 4. Plasma norepinephrine decreased significantly during salt loading in both groups, the degree of which was significantly less in KG than in CG. A significant increase in plasma ANP was observed in CG on and after the second day of HSP, while a significant increase in plasma ANP was observed on the fifth day of HSP in KG. 5. These findings indicate that K supplementation accelerates diuresis and natriuresis, resulting in moderate suppression of volume expansion induced by salt loading and that this accelerated diuresis and natriuresis is not a result of the action of ANP.
A non-viral vector for potential DMD gene therapy study by targeting a minidystrophin-GFP fusion gene into the hrDNA locus (2009)

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the lethal disorder of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Using a novel non-viral delivery system, the human ribosomal DNA (hrDNA) targeting vector, we targeted a minidystrophin-GFP fusion gene into the hrDNA locus of HT1080 cells with a high site-specific integrated efficiency of 10(-5), in which the transgene could express efficiently and continuously. The minidystrophin-GFP fusion protein was easily found to localize on the plasma membrane of HT1080 cells, indicating its possible physiologic performance. Our findings showed that the hrDNA-targeting vector might be highly useful for DMD gene therapy study.
Large mode area waveguides with polarization functions by volume ultrafast laser photoinscription of fused silica (2013)

We present optical designs allowing large mode area light guiding by ultrafast laser photoinscription of bulk fused silica. If usual concepts are based on large core and depressed cladding, evanescently coupled multicore waveguides with coherent mode superposition can be effective solutions, where the introduction of nanostructured defects determines additional polarization functions.
Kinase regulation of Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-2Cl<sup>−</sup>cotransport in primary afferent neurons (2010)

The Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 is expressed in sensory neurons where it accumulates intracellular Cl− and facilitates primary afferent depolarization. Depolarization of primary afferent fibre terminals interferes with the gating of incoming sensory signals to the spinal cord. The cotransporter belongs to a family of ion transporters which are sensitive to changes in cell volume. Cell shrinkage, through mechanisms that are still unknown, leads to the phosphorylation and activation of NKCC1. Similarly, axotomy results in increased NKCC1 phosphorylation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. This review summarizes the work on the kinases that directly mediate NKCC1 activation. These are the sterile-20-like kinases SPAK and OSR1. Upon their activation through phosphorylation by upstream kinases, SPAK and OSR1 bind to specific peptides located in the cytosolic N-terminal tail of NKCC1, phosphorylate, and stimulate cotransport activity. Expression of SPAK and OSR1 varies from tissue to tissue, but in DRG neurons and in spinal cord, SPAK and OSR1 expression levels are similar. In DRG neurons, both kinases participate in the modulation of NKCC1, as the knockdown of one kinase only results in a partial decrease of NKCC1 function, while the knockdown of both kinases is additive. The identity of the kinases (e.g. WNK kinases) that possibly act upstream of SPAK and OSR1 is also discussed.
Binary phase gratings for materials processing (1989)

The feasibility of using a diffractive optical element, a phase grating, as a beam handling device for use in industrial laser material processing is examined. The binary phase grating is an efficient beam splitting device and is useful in many materials processing operations (welding, cutting, soldering, drilling) where a high degree of parallelism could significantly improve process throughput. Overall efficiency of etched quartz binary gratings agrees well with published predictions (nominal 70-90%). Copies of the grating formed in PMMA (acrylic) survived preliminary life tests (more than 1000 9-J pulses from a commercial multimode Nd-Glass laser) with no measurable change in performance. Conventional Small Outline (SO) IC electronic packages were both laser soldered and welded to substrates with one laser pulse. Beam splitting uniformity is within 10% for the original quartz gratings and for some PMMA copies. Conventional doublet achromat and plano-convex lenses are adequate for maintaining 10% uniformity of intensity. Splitting uniformity is experimentally evaluated with energy and focused spot (burn) tests on kapton (polyimide) and thin and thick metal samples using a pulsed industrial Nd laser.
Silhouette Coherence for Camera Calibration under Circular Motion (2007)

We present a new approach to camera calibration as a part of a complete and practical system to recover digital copies of sculpture from uncalibrated image sequences taken under turntable motion. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the silhouette coherence of a set of silhouettes generated by a 3D object. We show how the maximization of the silhouette coherence can be exploited to recover the camera poses and focal length. Silhouette coherence can be considered as a generalization of the well-known epipolar tangency constraint for calculating motion from silhouettes or outlines alone. Further, silhouette coherence exploits all the geometric information encoded in the silhouette (not just at epipolar tangency points) and can be used in many practical situations where point correspondences or outer epipolar tangents are unavailable. We present an algorithm for exploiting silhouette coherence to efficiently and reliably estimate camera motion. We use this algorithm to reconstruct very high quality 3D models from uncalibrated circular motion sequences, even when epipolar tangency points are not available or the silhouettes are truncated. The algorithm has been integrated into a practical system and has been tested on more than 50 uncalibrated sequences to produce high quality photo-realistic models. Three illustrative examples are included in this paper. The algorithm is also evaluated quantitatively by comparing it to a state-of-the-art system that exploits only epipolar tangents.
AIR SPLINTS USED AS IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PROSTHESES AFTER LONG POSTERIOR FLAP BELOW‐KNEE AMPUTATION (1972)

The results of a preliminary study of the use of an air splint as an immediate prosthesis for posterior flap below-knee amputation are presented. The surgical technique is described. The air splint is easy to use, improves wound healing, reduces pain and allows early mobilization of the patient.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Evaluation, Performance, and Use (1988)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests are essential for detecting asymptomatic infection and are helpful in confirming the diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nonetheless, many aspects of their use remain controversial, partly because of concerns about test accuracy. This article reviews the scientific basis for the evaluation, performance, and use of the most commonly employed HIV assays. Current test performance could be improved by better standardization of test procedures and institution of mandatory proficiency testing and licensure of clinical laboratories that perform HIV testing. Test utility could be enhanced by sequencing tests more appropriately and by interpreting test results in conjunction with the clinical purpose for which the test is being used and the characteristics of the population under study. Finally, HIV tests should be evaluated in a manner that minimizes spectrum and referral bias and inadequate reference standard confirmation, problems that have affected the evaluation of current tests.
Design of double negativity elastic metamaterial (2015)

A metamaterial model that possesses simultaneously negative effective mass density and negative effective Young’s modulus is proposed in this study. Dispersion curves and dynamic responses of the model are investigated. In the double negative frequency region, it is demonstrated that the phase velocity is negative. In addition, it was found that the band gap region of the metamaterial can be predicted accurately by taking parts of single-unit cell to analyze the steady-state response. The design is also fabricated by a 3D printer.
Nonlinear behavior of magnetoresistive heads (1998)

Anisotropic magnetoresistive heads for magnetic recording are nonlinear transducers, unlike inductive read heads. The associated transfer characteristics are often represented by a 3rd order polynomial. Any nonlinearity in either the recording process or the read process can compromise detection schemes that rely on linear superposition for proper signal equalization. In this paper, the effects of nonlinear MR head transfer characteristics are studied in isolation from other effects by employing micromagnetic modeling of the head and read process. Effects of head saturation on equalization are illustrated.
Std1 and Mth1 Proteins Interact with the Glucose Sensors To Control Glucose-Regulated Gene Expression in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

The Std1 protein modulates the expression of glucose-regulated genes, but its exact molecular role in this process is unclear. A two-hybrid screen for Std1-interacting proteins identified the hydrophilic C-terminal domains of the glucose sensors, Snf3 and Rgt2. The homologue of Std1, Mth1, behaves differently from Std1 in this assay by interacting with Snf3 but not Rgt2. Genetic interactions between STD1, MTH1, SNF3, and RGT2 suggest that the glucose signaling is mediated, at least in part, through interactions of the products of these four genes. Mutations in MTH1 can suppress the raffinose growth defect of a snf3 mutant as well as the glucose fermentation defect present in cells lacking both glucose sensors (snf3 rgt2). Genetic suppression by mutations in MTH1 is likely to be due to the increased and unregulated expression of hexose transporter genes. In media lacking glucose or with low levels of glucose, the hexose transporter genes are subject to repression by a mechanism that requires the Std1 and Mth1 proteins. An additional mechanism for glucose sensing must exist since a strain lacking all four genes (snf3 rgt2 std1 mth1) is still able to regulate SUC2 gene expression in response to changes in glucose concentration. Finally, studies with green fluorescent protein fusions indicate that Std1 is localized to the cell periphery and the cell nucleus, supporting the idea that it may transduce signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus.
A New Cationic, Chiral Catalyst for Highly Enantioselective Diels−Alder Reactions (2003)

[reaction: see text] The Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and 2-methacrolein is catalyzed by a chiral Lewis acid to form the exo adduct in 96% yield and 96% ee.
Total syntheses of penicillanic acid S,S-dioxide and 6-aminopenicillanic acid using (benzyloxy)nitromethane (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of penicillanic acid S,S-dioxide and 6-aminopenicillanic acid using (benzyloxy)nitromethaneAnthony G. M. Barrett and Santi SakadaratCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 17, 5110–5117Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00304a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00304a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A triple band travelling wave VCO using digitally controlled artificial dielectric transmission lines (2011)

A compact, triple output travelling wave oscillator with combined analog and digital control is presented. The oscillator is based on an eight phase rotary travelling wave oscillator employing shielded digitally controlled transmission lines. The oscillator drives an output buffer, a push-push buffer and a quad-push to generate X, K and Q band outputs simultaneously. Fabricated in standard 0.18μm CMOS it occupies 0.48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes a DC power of 64mW, including pads and buffers. The circuit exhibits 5.5% tuning range in each band with potential 1MHz digital step resolution. With a phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset and -1dBm of output power measured at the fundamental frequency, the circuit is a promising candidate for mm-wave software defined radios and digitals PLLs.
Transducer Characterization by Interferometry (1982)

A new quadrature stabilized interferometer system is described. measure the surface motion of VideoDisc mastering or other transducers. ted amplitude and phase can be measured. By probing the various surfaces of a transducer or of a vibrating material a complete displacement map can be obtained. This i ncludes the displacement.vector and phase of the motion. The frequency range (100 KHz to 13 MHz) is limited at the low end by laser noise and the need to dither the i nterferometer. There is no fundamental limitation at higher frequencies. The equiv lent noise level of the system is about 10-3 (BW = 10 Hz). High amplitudes can be measured but t he sinusoidal transfer function of the system must be taken into account. The surface to be investigated does not have to be specular, and granular materials with reasonable local reflectivity can be measured. The size of the probe beam is about lOu, but wide variations are possible by changing a lens. The instrument was designed to
Interleukin 1 Regulates Human Metallothionein Gene Expression (1985)

Incubation of cultured human cells with interleukin 1 leads to increased expression of the human metallothionein-IIA gene. Recently, metallothionein has been shown to be an efficient free radical scavenger, and induction by interleukin 1 may be part of a protective response to minimize damage by hydroxyl radicals.