gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The equipotency of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine]. (1990)

Ropivacaine, congenerate to bupivacaine and mepivacaine has been widely studied in laboratory animals, but there have been few investigations of its efficacy in human epidural anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks. The aim of this study was to compare the three long-acting local anesthetics (bupivacaine 0.75%, ropivacaine 1% and etidocaine 1%) and to try, with reference to previous studies, to make some statement about the equipotency of ropivacaine relative to bupivacaine and etidocaine. METHODS. In a double blind randomized study, epidural anesthesia was carried out with 20 ml bupivacaine 0.75% (n = 24) and ropivacaine 1% (n = 21). Following this study epidural anesthesia was carried out with 20 ml etidocaine 1% (n = 20) in an open study. Patients with ASA I or II were enrolled in the study. All patients were scheduled for varicose vein stripping. Male and female patients aged 18-70 years and weighing 50-100 kg were included in the study. Patients were all placed in a sitting position, after which the epidural space was identified by the "loss of resistance" technique and a midline approach, at the L-3/4 interspace. Injections of 3 ml of the local anesthetic were given, followed by the remainder of the local anesthetic at 10 ml/min 1 min later. Following injection patients were immediately positioned supine. Analgesia was determined by the pin-prick method and motor blockade was assessed according to the Bromage scale. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored until 3 h after injection. RESULTS. The latency of analgesia for the first blocked segment (T 12 for bupivacaine and ropivacaine and L-1 for etidocaine) was 6.0 min for bupivacaine 0.75, 5.5 min for ropivacaine 1%, and 5.2 min for etidocaine 1%, and the highest thoracic dermatome (T 5 for bupivacaine, T 4 for ropivacaine and T 7 for etidocaine) was reached after 24 +/- 10, 26 +/- 9, and 30 +/- 18 min for bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and etidocaine, respectively. The duration of sensory anesthesia at the T 10 dermatomal level was 257 +/- 102, 278 +/- 67, and 191 +/- 86 min for bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and etidocaine, respectively. The two-segment regression time was 199 +/- 80 min for bupivacaine, 201 +/- 52 min for ropivacaine, and 174 +/- 81 min for etidocaine. The total duration of sensory block was 340 +/- 103 min for bupivacaine, 428 +/- 65 min for ropivacaine and 223 +/- 62 min for etidocaine, respectively. In the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups sensory anesthesia was considered adequate for surgery in all cases but one in each group; in the etidocaine group, however 60% of the patients showed inadequate analgesia and all these patients (12/20) required additional analgesics. Bupivacaine achieved an average of motor block 2.1, ropivacaine 2.3, and etidocaine 2.4. CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate that ropivacaine is an effective local anesthetic agent. Its potency is about equal to that of bupivacaine and much higher than that of etidocaine...
Apolipoprotein E--Correction (1995)

To the Editor: We made three major points in our paper [1] published in the August 1994 issue of Neurology. First, we found that two of 28 cognitively normal people over the age of 90 had inherited the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele (see table 1 in reference 1). This suggests that it is possible to …
Modular scalable medium-voltage impedance measurement unit using 10 kV SiC MOSFET PEBBs (2015)

This paper describes the design and implementation of the first functional medium-voltage impedance measurement unit capable of characterizing in-situ source and load impedances of dc- and ac-networks (4160 V ac, 6000 V dc, 300 A, 2.2 MVA) in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz-1 kHz. It comprises three power electronics building blocks, each built using SiC MOSFET H-bridges, features great reconfigurability, and allows both series and shunt perturbation injection in order to achieve accurate impedance characterization of the Navy's shipboard power systems. With extraordinary advantages featured by the power electronics building block modular concept, and unconventional power processing benefits offered by SiC semiconductors, development of the unit shown in this paper unquestionably enables both, improvement of the existing, and design of the future, stable and reliable electrical Navy shipboard platforms with advanced electrical energy generation and modern distribution architecture.
Hemostatic Nanoparticles Improve Survival Following Blunt Trauma Even after 1 Week Incubation at 50 °C (2016)

According to the CDC, the leading cause of death for both men and women between the ages of 5 and 44 is traumatic injury. Blood loss is the primary cause of death at acute time points post trauma. Early intervention is critical to save lives, and yet there are no treatments to stop internal bleeding that can be deployed in the field. In this work, we developed hemostatic nanoparticles that are stable at high temperatures (50 °C for 7 days) and are still effective at stopping bleeding and improving survival over the one hour time period in a rat liver injury model. These particles are exceptionally simple: PLA-based nanospheres functionalized with PEG terminated with variants of the RGD motif. This simple system can be stored at temperatures up to 50°C and maintain size, shape, and efficacy. The particles lead to a reduction in bleeding and increased acute survival with significance compared to both control particles and saline. Overall, these hemostatic nanoparticles offer an important step towards an immediate intervention in the field to stop bleeding and improve survival.
Placental Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor and Its Synthesis (1980)

The synthesis of a placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pLRF), which is immunologically, physiochemically, and biologically indistinguishable from synthetic LRF, was demonstrated. The incorporation of 3H-labeled leucine by human placental tissue in vitro into pLRF was determined by purification on carboxymethyl-cellulose and specific immunoprecipitation of the 3H-labeled pLRF. The specific activity of the pLRF released into the medium increased 100-fold from day 1 to day 2 of culture and attained a concentration of 2.84 microcuries per microgram. These data indicate that the pLRF that was released initially was endogenous, whereas that released subsequently reflected synthesis.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the <i>vav</i> Proto-Oncogene Product in Activated B Cells (1992)

Activation of B lymphocytes by engagement of their immunoglobulin M antigen receptors results in phosphorylation of a number of proteins on tyrosine residues. One such protein is p95vav, the product of the vav proto-oncogene. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p95vav occurred within seconds of immunoglobulin M cross-linking and was independent of other events induced during stimulation of B cells, such as protein kinase C activation, guanosine triphosphate-binding protein signaling, and calcium mobilization. Moreover, engagement of antigen receptors induced the rapid (approximately 5 seconds) and transient (approximately 60 seconds) association of p95vav with a 70-kilodalton tyrosine-phosphorylated protein, Vap-1, an interaction mediated by the Src homology 2 domain of p95vav. These results suggest that the vav proto-oncogene participates in the signaling processes that mediate the antigen-induced activation of B lymphocytes.
Improving the performance of semiconductor ring lasers by controlled reflection feedback (1992)

We report a tenfold increase in the lasing output of single-output Y-junction semiconductor ring lasers by reducing the end-facet reflection feedback. Controlled reflection feedback is also shown to be a means for promoting unidirectional lasing in dual-output ring lasers. Finally, we show that the counterpropagating ring modes are strongly coupled by gain competition.
A PHOTOPATTERNABLE SILICONE FOR BIOMEMS APPLICATIONS (2007)

Here we show the application of a commercially available photopatternable silicone (PPS) that combines advantages of both PDMS and SU-8 to address a critical need in material building blocks for bioMEMS. Using PPS we have demonstrated the ability to pattern free-standing mechanically isolated elastomeric structures on a silicon substrate, a feat challenging to approach using soft lithography-based fabrication. PPS can be readily integrated in cell-based bioMEMS since it exhibits low-autofluorescence and cells can attach and proliferate on PPS-coated substrates. PPS is compatible with standard microfabrication processes and can be easily aligned to complex featured substrates on a wafer-scale. By leveraging PPS’s unique properties we demonstrate the design of a simple dielectrophoresis-based bioMEMS device for patterning mammalian cells.
Support for multitasking and background awareness using interactive peripheral displays (2001)

In this paper, we describe Kimura, an augmented office environment to support common multitasking practices. Previous systems, such as Rooms, limit users by constraining the interaction to the desktop monitor. In Kimura, we leverage interactive projected peripheral displays to support the perusal, manipulation and awareness of background activities. Furthermore, each activity is represented by a montage comprised of images from current and past interaction on the desktop. These montages help remind the user of past actions, and serve as a springboard for ambient context-aware reminders and notifications.
[Italian emigration: historiography, anthropology, and comparative research]. (1995)

"This brief paper identifies the most important moments and the most significant studies of Italian historiography on emigration. These range from the first formulation of economic and national models of the Italian exodus to their subsequent fragmentation into a mosaic of regional and local historical and anthropological studies. Ultimately, this will allow a much needed conceptual synthesis, aiming at new comparative research objectives, and a less specialized and sectorial analysis of emigration. Such an approach would also help us to tackle the migrational phenomena in contemporary society with a greater historical awareness and with more adequate cultural comprehension." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND ITA AND SPA)
Secondary Electron Emission from MgO Thin Films (1959)

MgO thin films have been prepared and their secondary electron emission properties examined using both single pulse and dc measurement methods. High yields in the range of 15–20 are observed. The films are crystalline with an average crystal diameter of 100–500 A, comparable to the escape depth of the secondaries. The high yields are found to result primarily from the properties of bulk crystalline MgO rather than from thin film phenomena. Field enhanced emission is however observed and has been found to enhance the yield under some conditions by as much as 20%. The most probable energy of emission of the secondaries is about 1 ev. The yield of the films decreases upon exposure to water vapor and carbon dioxide. The films are found to be fairly stable under electron bombardment.
Mutations in <i>FOXC2</i> in Humans (Lymphoedema Distichiasis Syndrome) Cause Lymphatic Dysfunction on Dependency (2011)

FOXC2 mutations cause a functional failure of dermal initial lymphatics during gravitational stress (dependency), but not hypoplasia. The results reveal a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to swelling in LDS.
Mine Detecting Rats Make an Impact in Cambodia (2017)

Despite decades of national and international mine action efforts, Cambodia remains littered with landmines. The casualty rates are among the world’s highest, and there is considerable socioeconomic damage from landmines and other explosive remnants of war (ERW). Cambodia has established the goal to clear all known minefields by 2025. To achieve this, funding must be secured, and land release rates must be increased. This can only be achieved by taking advantage of available resources and improving land release methodology.
Biochemical Effect of Antioxidants on Lipids and Liver Function in Experimentally-Induced Liver Damage (1997)

Recent studies demonstrated the role of antioxidants in preventing organ damage caused by free radicals. The present study was conducted to find out the modulatory effect of some antioxidants on lipid patterns in experimentally-induced liver damage. Rats chronically intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used as a model of liver injury terminating with fibrosis or cirrhosis. One hundred and sixty six albino rats were classified into five groups: one served as a control group; the second was subjected to oral administration of CCl4 (200 microL/100 g body weight) twice a week; the other three groups, in addition to CCl4, received oral doses of silymarin (30 mg/kg), vitamin E (200 IU/kg) and vitamin C (50 mg/kg) respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed, blood was collected and liver was taken for histopathological examination. Liver function tests, disturbed by CCl4 were significantly modulated by antioxidants, and histopathological examination showed that antioxidants ameliorated the necrotic and fibrotic changes caused by CCl4. Treatment with antioxidants was also shown to modulate the toxic effect of CCl4 on the lipid profile and malondialdehyde content. Administration of antioxidants could play an important role in prophylaxis against lipid peroxidation and consequently liver fibrosis caused by free radicals.
American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for the Prevention of Pediatric ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries (2022)

Since all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were introduced in the mid-1970s, regulatory agencies, injury prevention researchers, and pediatricians have documented their dangers to youth. Major risk factors, crash mechanisms, and injury patterns for children and adolescents have been well characterized. Despite this knowledge, preventing pediatric ATV-related deaths and injuries has proven difficult and has had limited success. This policy statement broadly summarizes key background information and provides detailed recommendations based on best practices. These recommendations are designed to provide all stakeholders with strategies that can be used to reduce the number of pediatric deaths and injuries resulting from youth riding on ATVs.
Loss of HDAC6, a novel CHIP substrate, alleviates abnormal tau accumulation (2012)

The abnormal accumulation of the microtubule-binding protein tau is associated with a number of neurodegenerative conditions, and correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The ubiquitin ligase carboxy terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) and the molecular chaperone Hsp90 are implicated in protein triage decisions involving tau, and have consequently been targeted for therapeutic approaches aimed at decreasing tau burden. Here, we present evidence that CHIP binds, ubiquitinates and regulates expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). As the deacetylase for Hsp90, HDAC6 modulates Hsp90 function and determines the favorability of refolding versus degradation of Hsp90 client proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that HDAC6 levels positively correlate with tau burden, while a decrease in HDAC6 activity or expression promotes tau clearance. Consistent with previous research on Hsp90 clients in cancer, we provide evidence that a loss of HDAC6 activity augments the efficacy of an Hsp90 inhibitor and drives client degradation, in this case tau. Therefore, our current findings not only identify HDAC6 as a critical factor for the regulation of tau levels, but also indicate that a multi-faceted treatment approach could more effectively arrest tau accumulation in disease.
Web services for indoor energy management in a smart grid environment (2011)

Smart grid aims to empower the current power grid with the capability of supporting two-way energy and information flow; and facilitating the integration of advanced computer technology and renewable energy sources into the grid. We assume a smart home with a wireless sensor network based on Zigbee. The smart home contains elements like light or temperature sensors at every room, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), smart appliances, thermostat and smart meter. Furthermore, there is a central computer that can communicate with all these elements. Web service is implemented on central computer and it can be accessed over the internet. The paper proposes an approach that makes use of the web services technologies to remotely interact with smart home elements in a smart grid environment. These interactions include adjusting the temperature according to personal preference or reading energy consumption. Furthermore, utility provider can interact with the smart home via web services and can facilitate demand response or selling energy back to the grid. Some scenarios are shown to describe the interactions in more detail. The performance, advantage and limitations of the radio communications between user (e.g., utility provider) and elements via web services are demonstrated in this paper.
Enhanced Luminescence of an Erbium (III) Ion-Association Ternary Complex with a Near-Infrared Dye (2004)

A near-infrared (NIR) luminescent erbium (III) ternary complex has been prepared with an ion-associating sensitizer of IR5, a NIR dye whose large absorption cross section covers the visible spectrum around 488 nm and especially the NIR spectrum around 980 nm. In this paper NIR photoluminescence from the complex in bulky powder is obtained. The 1.54 μm emission of erbium ion upon 980 nm laser diode (LD) excitation is remarkably enhanced, as a result of effective indirect excitation of erbium ion via IR5 (harvesting most excitation light). The luminescence mechanisms upon indirect excitation are simply described. It is suggested that the investigated complex is potentially an active substance for the fabrication of planar optical amplifiers operating at 1.5 μm, which in particular can be conveniently based on cheap pumping sources such as 980 nm LDs and are compatible with the current optical communication network.
Doping strategies for small molecule organic hole-transport materials: impacts on perovskite solar cell performance and stability (2019)

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have dramatically changed the landscape of the solar research community over the past decade, but >25 year stability is likely required if they are to make the same impact in commercial photovoltaics and power generation more broadly. While every layer of a PSC has been shown to impact its durability in power output, the hole-transport layer (HTL) is critical for several reasons: (1) it is in direct contact with the perovskite layer, (2) it often contains mobile ions, like Li<sup>+</sup> - which in this case are hygroscopic, and (3) it usually has the lowest thermal stability of all layers in the stack. Therefore, HTL engineering is one method with a high return on investment for PSC stability and lifetime. Research has progressed in understanding design rules for small organic molecule hole-transport materials, yet, when implemented into devices, the same dopants, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and tris(2-(1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-<i>tert</i>-butylpyridine)cobalt(iii) tri[bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide] (FK209), are nearly always required for improved charge-transport properties (<i>e.g.</i>, increased hole mobility and conductivity). The dopants are notable because they too have been shown to negatively impact PSC stability and lifetime. In response, new research has targeted alternative dopants to bypass these negative effects and provide greater functionality. In this review, we focus on dopant fundamentals, alternative doping strategies for organic small molecule HTL in PSC, and imminent research needs with regard to dopant development for the realization of reliable, long-lasting electricity generation <i>via</i> PSCs.
Wet thermal oxidation of Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As compounds (1994)

Results are presented on the wet thermal oxidation of AlxGa1−xAs. The growth of wet thermal oxides of AlxGa1−xAs is shown to be linear with time. An O2 carrier gas was found to form a self-terminating oxide for compositions investigated (x≳0.4), but required elevated temperatures for substantial growth. The use of a medium oxygen concentration (∼20%) in a N2 carrier formed nonuniform oxides for all compositions investigated. A low O2 concentration (0.1%) in the N2 carrier was found to reduce the activation energy of the oxidation process for Al0.6Ga0.4As from 1.9 to 1.0 eV while increasing the activation energy of Al0.8Ga0.2As from 1.6 to 1.75 eV. For these wet thermal oxides it is observed that lateral oxidation at heterojunction interfaces is enhanced. This enhanced lateral oxidation can be attributed to local stress due to the smaller volume of the growing oxide compared to the volume of the consumed semiconductor.
Commonly Held Beliefs About Myopia That Lack a Robust Evidence Base (2018)

There are many hypotheses proposed to explain phenomena in the myopia field. Caution should be exercised in adopting conjecture until a robust evidence base is provided in support.
Interaction interfaces for unrestricted multimedia interaction descriptions (2008)

Proliferation of 3D technology is visible in many aspects of current software developments. It is possible to find elements of 3D in many applications, from computer games, to professional engineering software, to end user software. Fast development of new applications can be driven by reuse of interactive 3D objects that are built for one application and reused in many others. Growing number of such objects are stored in shared repositories and pose a challenge of finding right objects for new application. To efficiently search for interactive 3D objects it is required to provide metadata of object geometry, semantics and its interactions. Existing metadata standards can deal only with the first two areas. In this paper a new approach to interaction metadata is presented. The proposed Multimedia Interaction Model is accompanied by an innovative Interaction Interface concept that allows creating interaction metadata not limited to a predefined set of description elements.
Changing of the Site Index and Soil Characteristics in Conjunction with the Environmental Factors in the Pure Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis) Forests (2013)

The study was conducted in forested areas of pure Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis) that were grown naturally, have the same age, and not treated in the normal canopy. The 40 sample areas (162 soil samples total) in Ormanustu, Macka, Trabzon were selected within the scope of this research and the sample areas were selected from the same aspect (northern aspect group), at two altitude levels (1550-1850 m and 18502050 m), and two different parent materials (andesite and granite). The soil samples obtained from the field were analyzed in the laboratory. The relationship between the stand age and maximum height were used for the determination of the site index for the sample areas. The pure Oriental Spruce stands, in connection with, the altitude climate zones and parent materials, were evaluated. According to the results, it can be stated that the values belonging to the site index, sand (%), clay (%), fine particle, loss on ignition, Ca++, and CEC (cation-exchange capacity) do show differences in regards to the parent materials (p<0.001). The Site index values of the Oriental Spruce indexes also differ in relation to the altitude climate levels (p<0.001). The results of the variance analysis indicated that the altitude of the climate levels affected the values belonging to the sand, clay, available water capacity, loss on ignition, Ca++, CEC, and available P2O5 among the soil characteristics (p<0.001 and p<0.05). Moreover, the correlation between altitude and site index was found to be meaningful and significant (p<0.01).