gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX protects nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from apoptosis induced by radiation (2011)

Etk (Epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase), also known as Bmx (bone marrow X kinase) plays an important role in apoptosis of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Etk/Bmx is involved in the apoptosis induced by irradiation in NPC cells and correlated with the apoptosis associated proteins such as p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Bak. To this end, we first developed a NPC subline (SUNE1-Etk) by transfection. The SUNE1-Etk that over-expresses Etk/BMX and its parental SUNE1 cell line were used to confirm whether Etk/BMX can protect NPC cells from apoptosis induced by radiation. The proliferation rates or the level of cell survival following irradiation were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. Tumorigenecity study was done to substantiate the results in vitro. The results showed that the cell viability was significantly higher in SUNE1-Etk cells than that in parental SUNE1 cells in vitro, and tumors inoculated with SUNE1-Etk cells grew rapidly than those with SUNE1 after irradiation treatment. Our data also demonstrated that the up-expression of Etk/BMX increased G(2)/M arrest in response to irradiation. The protein level of p53 was greatly down-regulated whereas Bcl-2 was up-regulated, after irradiation treatment of SUNE1-Etk cells. Our results suggested that Etk/BMX may play a role in protection of NPC cells from apoptosis, and both p53 and Bcl-2 may be involved in radiation-induced apoptosis through Etk/Bmx pathway in NPC cells.
Using an N-Gram-based document representation with a vector processing retrieval model (1994)

N-gram based representations for documents have several distinct advantages for various document processing tasks. First, they provide a more robust representation in the face of grammatical and typographical errors in the documents. Secondly, N-gram representations require no linguistic preparations such as word-stemming or stopword removal. Thus they are ideal in situations requiring multi-language operations. Vector processing retrieval models also have some unique advantages for information retrieval tasks. In particular, they provide a simple, uniform representation for documents and queries, and an intuitively appealing document similarity measure. Also, modern vector space models have good retrieval performance characteristics. In this work, we combine these two ideas by using a vector processing model for documents and queries, but using N-gram frequencies as the basis for the vector element values instead of more traditional term frequencies. The resulting system provides good retrieval performance on the TREC-1 and TREC-2 tests without the need for any kind of word stemming or stopword removal. We also have begun testing the system on Spanish language documents.
Enhanced TCPW's fast retransmission and fast recovery mechanism over high bit errors networks (2015)

In this paper we introduced two enhancement modifications to the well-known TCP Westwood fast retransmission and fast recovery mechanisms. Firstly, a new modification is introduced to fasten the fast retransmission procedure by preventing the TCP sender side from waiting the third duplicate ACKs to retransmit lost packets. Secondly, further modification is presented to achieve better recovery for the congestion window size in the fast recovery phase based on last round trip time and bandwidth estimation. The two modifications are implemented and evaluated using ns-3 simulator. We compared the throughput and congestion window size of the new proposed modifications to TCPW and NewReno. As a result, the proposed algorithm has shown significant improvement over the two implementations.
Expression of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in cisplatin-resistant prostate cancer cells (2005)

Acquired multi-drug resistance remains a major obstacle in the management of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to examine whether chemoresistance could be due in part to the expression of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). We established cisplatin-resistant LNCaP sublines. We examined the effects of cisplatin on cell growth and apoptosis in LNCaP cells and LNCaP sublines by 2-(4-lodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-1) assay and Hoechst 33258 staining, and analyzed cross-resistance to adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, taxol, taxotere, and etoposide. In addition, the expression of IAP-1, IAP-2, X-linked IAP (XIAP), neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, and survivin was investigated by immunoblot analysis in LNCaP sublines. Although the growth rates were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by cisplatin in LNCaP sublines, the anti-proliferative effects of cisplatin were significantly decreased in LNCaP sublines compared to LNCaP cells. Cisplatin-resistant sublines, LNCaP/C1, LNCaP/ C2, and LNCaP/C3 cells, were 6.3-, 9.1-, and 22.3-fold more resistant to cisplatin than LNCaP cells, respectively, and this resistance was paralleled with reduced induction of apoptosis. LNCaP/C3 cells showed cross-resistance to adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, and etoposide whereas those cells exhibited no or only weak cross-resistance against taxol and taxotere. With the exception of survivin, all the IAPs were identified in LNCaP cells by immunoblot analysis. Interestingly, the expression of IAP-2, XIAP, and survivin gradually increased with the extent of cisplatin-resistance. Altered expression of IAP-2, XIAP, and survivin was involved in these phenotypes of cisplatin-resistant LNCaP sublines. IAPs may make an important contribution to the resistance to the apoptotic effect of cisplatin in prostate cancer.
Control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by adenine nucleotide translocator interacting with HIV-1 viral protein rR and Bcl-2. (2001)

International audience
Knowledge discovery and knowledge validation in intensive care (2000)

Operational protocols are a valuable means for quality control. However, developing operational protocols is a highly complex and costly task. We present an integrated approach involving both intelligent data analysis and knowledge acquisition from experts that supports the development of operational protocols. The aim is to ensure high quality standards for the protocol through empirical validation during the development, as well as lower development cost through the use of machine learning and statistical techniques. We demonstrate our approach of integrating expert knowledge with data driven techniques based on our effort to develop an operational protocol for the hemodynamic system. 1. (To appear in &quot;Artificial Intelligence in Medicine&quot;, thematic issue on Knowledge-Based Information Management in Intensive Care and Anaesthesia) Morik et al: Knowledge Discovery and Knowledge Validation in Intensive Care 2 of 32 2 Key words operational protocols, online-monitoring, time series a...
Race and Presentencing Decisions in the United States: A Summary and Critique of the Research (2002)

Examinations of racial disparity in criminal justice Processing have commonly focused on sentencing. However, many earlier decisions affect an eventual case outcome. To adequately assess the impact of race on criminal processing it is therefore necessary to analyze presentence decision making. In particular, the power of the prosecutor has burgeoned with the advent of sentencing guidelines, mandatory minimum statutes, and so-called three-strikes laws. A total of 68 studies are analyzed for evidence supportive of the discrimination thesis that African-Americans are subjects of racial bias in criminal processing. Bail and pretrial release decisions, the decision to prosecute or to dismiss, and capital charging decisions are examined. Shortcomings of the research are noted and the consequences of these shortcomings on the race-criminal processing nexus are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of areas for future research, including (a) the impact of legislative mandates on the race-presentencing nexus, (b) the role of race in decisions to waive dug offenders into drug courts, (c) the impact of victim race on bail and pretrial release decisions and on offenses other than sexual assault and homicide, (d) the impact of prosecutor race on presentence decision making, (e) the impact of courtroom culture or environment on presentence decision making, and (f) the effect of "outside" influences on the decisions of courtroom actors.
Content Based Video Retrieval (2012)

Content based video retrieval is an approach for facilitating the searching and browsing of large image collections over World Wide Web. In this approach, video analysis is conducted on low level visual properties extracted from video frame. We believed that in order to create an effective video retrieval system, visual perception must be taken into account. We conjectured that a technique which employs multiple features for indexing and retrieval would be more effective in the discrimination and search tasks of videos. In order to validate this claim, content based indexing and retrieval systems were implemented using color histogram, various texture features and other approaches. Videos were stored in Oracle 9i Database and a user study measured correctness of response.
(Hetero)Arylation of 6-Halogenoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Differently Substituted at C(2): Influence of the 2-Substituent on theSuzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction (2001)

We previously reported that reactivity towards the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 3-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines substituted at C(2) is largely influenced by the nature of this 2-substituent. Hence, with the aim to expand the scope of this coupling process to the 6-position of this series, it seemed important to similarly determine the influence of the nature of the 2-substituent (H, alkyl, or aryl) on the rate of coupling. From this work, the Suzuki-type cross-coupling was shown to proceed efficiently on 6-bromo-2-methyl- and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, whereas the 6-Br derivative unsubstituted at C(2) appeared to be poorly reactive. By modifying the reaction conditions in terms of catalyst and base, and the nature of the halogen, the reactivity of the unsubstituted series was largely enhanced. Finally, this work led us to establish efficient and convenient Suzuki reaction conditions for the 6-(hetero)arylation of 6-halogenoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines depending on the nature of the 2-substituent and boronic acid.
HO-1 induction ameliorates experimental murine membranous nephropathy: anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects (2008)

HO-1 induction therapy may ameliorate experimental MN via multiple pathways, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects. HO-1 inducing regimens should be considered as a potential therapeutic intervention in MN in the future.
Bench to Bedside: Brain Edema and Cerebral Resuscitation: The Present and Future (2002)

Sudden cardiac arrest (CA) claims approximately 1,200 lives daily in the United States. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts have so far achieved suboptimal results, and even when restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved, about 30% of survivors suffer permanent brain damage. This illustrates the need for an improved basic scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of global cerebral injury caused by whole-body ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following CA. Brain edema has been recently documented in experimental CA followed by one hour of ROSC. Brain edema has also been documented in CA and stroke patients by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and has been shown to predict a poor neurologic outcome. The mechanisms underlying brain edema formation elicited by CA are unclear. New scientific findings of the roles of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of a family of proteases, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) of a family of membrane water-channel proteins, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the mechanisms underlying CA-elicited brain edema were reviewed. By defining the roles of BBB permeability, MMPs, AQP4, and NMDA receptors in CA-induced brain edema formation, effective new therapeutic strategies to extend cellular and tissue survival, and preserve neurologic function following CA may be feasible.
Delineation of early attentional control difficulties in fragile X syndrome: Focus on neurocomputational changes (2007)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is due to the silencing of a single X-linked gene and it is associated with striking attentional difficulties. As FXS is well characterised at the cellular level, the condition provides a unique opportunity to investigate how a genetic dysfunction can impact on the development of neurocomputational properties relevant to attention. Thirteen young boys with FXS and 13 mental-age-matched typically developing controls performed a touch-screen-based search task that manipulated the similarity between targets and distractors and their heterogeneity in size. Search speed, path and errors were recorded as multiple measures of performance. Children did not differ in overall search speed or path when searching amongst distractors, but striking error patterns distinguished children with FXS from controls. Firstly, although clear markers of previously found targets remained on screen, children with FXS perseverated on touching previous hits more than typically developing controls, consistent with the well-documented inhibitory deficits in adults with the disorder. Secondly, they could accurately discriminate single target-distractor pairs, but, when searching a complex display, they touched distractors more often than control children when distractors were similar to targets and especially so when these were infrequent, highlighting difficulties in judging relative size and allocate attentional weight independently of stimulus frequency. Thirdly, their performance was also characterised by inaccuracies in pointing, suggesting additional motor control deficits. Taken together, the findings suggest that fragile X syndrome affects the early development of multiple processes contributing to efficient attentional selection, as would be predicted from an understanding of the neurocomputational changes associated with the disorder.
Structure of the MAST with an Australian sample of alcoholics (1994)

The dimensionality of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was examined utilizing an Australian sample (n = 196) of alcoholics. This study was specifically designed to overcome some of the problems with sampling and analytic techniques used in previous studies. Three moderately intercorrelated factors were revealed which covered (a) alcohol-related disabilities; (b) help-seeking behaviour and (c) recognition of a drinking problem. These factors were found to be internally consistent as shown by moderate to high alpha coefficients. Results indicate that the additive system of scoring all 24 items may result in an underestimation of the information afforded by the MAST.
HIGHER LAYER AUTHENTICATION FOR BROADCAST IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORKS (2011)

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a bus commonly used by controllers. The traditional view assumes that controllers operate in secure perimeters, but, as the degree of interconnectivity with the outside world increases, these networks may become open to intruders and CAN has no protection against Dolev-Yao adversaries. For this purpose one can implement security on higher layers. Here we design and implement a broadcast authentication protocol based on the well known paradigm of using one-way chains and time synchronization. In this way we can benefit from the use of symmetric primitives without the need of secret shared keys. As process control is a time critical operation, different to sensor networks where the life-time of the node is potentially the main limitation, here the authentication delay is the main optimization criteria. Several trade-offs are studied for this purpose in order to alleviate shortcomings on computational speed, memory, bandwidth and to assure a uniform bus-load. As for the experimental setup, we used S12 microcontrollers from Freescale to implement the proposed solution. To speed up cryptographic operations we also make use of the XGATE co-processor available on S12X.
Integrating coherency and recoverability in distributed systems (1994)

We propose a technique for maintaining coherency of a transactional distributed shared memory, used by applications accessing a shared persistent store. Our goal is to improve support for fine-grained distributed data sharing in collaborative design applications, such as CAD systems and software development environments. In contrast, traditional research in distributed shared memory has focused on supporting parallel programs; in this paper, we show how distributed programs can benefit from this shared-memory abstraction as well.Our approach, called log-based coherency, integrates coherency support with a standard mechanism for ensuring recoverability of persistent data. In our system, transaction logs are the basis of both recoverability and coherency. We have prototyped log-based coherency as a set of extensions to RVM [Satyanarayanan et al. 94], a runtime package supporting recoverable virtual memory. Our prototype adds coherency support to RVM in a simple way that does not require changes to existing RVM applications. We report on our prototype and its performance, and discuss its relationship to other DSM systems.
Computational Methods for Electromagnetics and Microwaves (1992)

Finite-Difference Method. Finite-Difference Determination of Eigenvalues. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Variational and Related Methods. Finite-Element Method. Method of Moments. Scattering Solutions by Mehtod of Moments. Spectral Analysis with Fourier Series and Fourier Integral. Spectral Analysis of Microstrip Transmission Lines. Spectral Analysis of Microstrip Circuits. Mode Matching. Concluding Comments. Index.
Degradation in Performance Ratio and Yields of Exposed Modules under Arid Conditions (2011)

Performance Ratio (PR) and Energy Yields (Ey) are the two indicators define the long term field performance of PV modules arrays. PR a dimensionless number quantify the losses over the DC rated power of module and Ey having unit of hours or kWh/ kWp quantify energy generated per kWp installed of PV array. These two parameters solely depend on site temperature, sun spectral contents and solar cell spectral response (SR), play very significant role in the overall energy yields from PV power plants. With a view to understand variations in PR values with technology, site, season and also due to self deterioration in PV modules during exposure, outdoor test beds for matured major technology modules are set up at SEC . The module technologies studied include mono, multi and amorphous silicon single & tandem junction modules, thin film poly crystalline modules CIS & CdTe/ CdS and HIT. The dates of installations and amount of outdoor exposure given are different for different modules, varied from one year, 7 years and 10 years. Major observations are, losses in PR varied with technology and time. A maximum up to 5% in one year and minimum up to 17% in ten years are observed. The degradation in PR are presented with deterioration in PV module performance parameters short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage(Voc), fill factor(FF), power output(Pmax).
AES-128 cipher: Minimum area, low cost FPGA implementation (2007)

The Rijndael cipher, designed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen and recently selected as the official Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is well suited for hardware use. This implementation can be carried out through several trade-offs be- tween area and speed. This paper presents an 8-bit FPGA implementation of the 128-bit block and 128 bit-key AES cipher. Selected FPGA Family is Altera Flex 10K. The cipher operates at 25 MHz and con- sumes 286 clock cycles for algorithm encryption or decryption, resulting in a throughput of 11 Mbps. Synthesis results in the use of 957 logic cells and 6528 memory bits. The design target was optimization of area and cost.
A peculiar mutant sunbird (1964)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
SOA-Based Multi-Wavelength Fiber Laser for FBG Vibration Sensor Array (2006)

A novel and simple multi-wavelength fiber ring laser has been developed to implement an optical source of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array in which respective wavelength component of the oscillation output provides an optical source of one of the wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) FBG vibration sensors. The laser consists of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a gain medium and of FBGs as wavelength selection elements. Since an SOA is an inhomogeneous gain medium, stable multi-wavelength oscillation can be realized to serve an optical source for the FBG vibration sensor array. In the experiment, a dual-wavelength fiber ring laser has been fabricated and tested, and simultaneous two-point vibration measurement has been successfully demonstrated.
Realizations of parallel and multibit-parallel shift register generators (1997)

We consider how to realize parallel shift register generators (PSRG) and multibit PSRGs, which can be directly used for parallel frame synchronous scrambling (FSS) in the bit- and multibit-interleaved multiplexing environments. We first describe the structure of PSRGs in terms of three parameters-the state transition matrix, the initial state vector, and the generating vectors. Then we discuss how to determine the three parameters of PSRGs that generate the desired parallel sequences in general. We further develop a method for the realization of minimum length PSRGs, and for the realization of PSRGs with minimized circuit complexity. Finally, we consider how to realize minimal PSRGs for use in multibit-parallel scrambling. The results are summarized in four sets of theorems, and are demonstrated through four examples.
Sol-gel synthesis of ternary phosphate-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts for alcohol dehydration (2001)

PhosphateZrO2Si2O catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method using tributyl phosphite, zirconium propoxide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors. They were characterized by N2 adsorption, 31P CP MAS NMR, and DRIFTS. At lower P content, monomeric phosphates were formed on the surface of the catalysts, which were mainly responsible for the isopropanol dehydration activity. At higher P content, polyphosphates were formed, and thus, the dehydration activity decreased. An optimum P content for dehydration activity was found to be at 10 mol%.Key words: sol-gel synthesis, ternary oxides, phosphate, acid catalyst, alcohol dehydration, 31P CP MAS NMR, N2 adsorption, DRIFTS.
[Experimental herpetic infection of the CNS with predominant involvement of the spinal cord]. (1991)

Clinical, morphological, and virological characteristics of a model of herpes infection of the CNS with predominant involvement of the spinal cord, an acute ascending myelitis with primary demyelinization, are presented. The development of spinal cord lesions after HSV inoculation into the spleen was observed in different species of laboratory animals: mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits; some animals (30%-70%) developed generalized infection with the involvement of the brain. The frequency of the spinal cord involvement was found to depend on the age of the animal and the dose of the virus-containing inoculum. Differences in the clinical and morphological manifestations of herpes infection were due to different mechanisms of herpes simplex virus spread in the body: either centripetally on the axons of the visceral nerves innervating the spleen into the thoracal cord, or hematogenic disseminations with virus penetration across the hematoencephalic barrier. The total duration of the disease was 3-12 days depending on the animal species.