gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
30. Promoters for the dropwise condensation of steam. Part IV. Discussion of dropwise condensation and testing of compounds (1957)

L. C. F. Blackman and M. J. S. Dewar, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 171 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000171
Thromboxane synthesis and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1986)

The present study examines effects of administration of OKY 046, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis, for 100 days on systemic blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in normotensive control rats. Untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats had higher values for thromboxane excretion in the urine and higher values for blood pressure than did normotensive control rats. Administration of OKY 046 decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressure and urinary excretion of thromboxane and protein in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Administration of OKY 046 decreased thromboxane excretion in the urine of normotensive control rats but had no effect on blood pressure or protein excretion. Renal function, as assessed by the clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid, was greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with OKY 046 than in those receiving vehicle alone. In normotensive control rats, OKY 046 administration did not affect renal function. These results suggest that increased renal synthesis of thromboxane may play a role in the pathogenesis of the elevated blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Integration of eye-gaze, voice and manual response in multimodal user interface (2002)

This paper reports the utility of eye-gaze, voice and manual response in the design of multimodal user interface. A device and application-independent model (VisualMan) of selection and manipulation was developed and validated in 3D cube manipulation task. The multimodal inputs are integrated in a prototype interface based on priority of modalities and interaction context. The implications of the model for virtual reality interface are discussed and a simple virtual environment using present multimodal user interface model is proposed.
Beiträge Zur Mannich‐Reaktion (1957)

Abstract Die Mannich‐Reaktion wird in ihrer Elektrophilität in Parallele zur Azokupplung gestellt. Es werden ω‐Oxime, ω‐Phenylhydrazone von substituierten Glyoxalen und heterocyclischen Aldehyden, sowie Acyloine auf ihre Fähigkeit, Mannich‐Basen zu bilden, überprüft und Alkylierungen mit diesen Basen beschrieben.
Endocrine profile and testicular histomorphometry in adult rat offspring of diabetic mothers (2009)

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal testicular structure and function, and reproductive hormones levels. Sixteen female rats were divided into two groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan. Blood was collected from 90-day-old male offspring of both groups, and the level of blood glucose, testosterone, FSH and LH in their serum was measured. Weight, volume and various histological parameters of testes were determined. A significant increase in blood glucose and decrease in LH, FSH and testosterone in sera of offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) were observed. The weight and volume of testes in the ODM were 22.7 and 22.9% higher, respectively, than those of the control group (P < 0.05), while the ratio of testes to body weight did not change significantly. The number of seminiferous tubules increased (+21%) significantly (P < 0.05), while thickness of the testicular capsule (-25%), number of Leydig cells (-15.6%), number of Sertoli cells (-14.9%), number of spermatogonia (-26.3%) and diameter of seminiferous tubules (-11%) showed significantly reduced values in the ODM compare to the control. In conclusion, maternal hyperglycemia has a deleterious effect on testicular parameters during fetal life, which will affect reproductive endocrine during postpuberty.
A new joint iterative transceiver design with interference alignment method (2010)

A new joint transceiver design with the interference alignment technique for K-user MIMO interference channel without the need of symbol extension is proposed with arbitary antenna configuration in transmitters and receivers. The sum-MSE and weighted-sum-MSE act as the cost function. Convergence of the proposed algorithm has been confirmed. Compared to existing iterative schemes, the proposed algorithm provides not only a more general solution, but also remarkable BER performance gain.
Use of a Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivative as Precipitating Reagent and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Matrix To Selectively Detect Charged Species in Aqueous Solutions (2003)

A starlike water-soluble fullerene derivative, hexa(sulfonbutyl)fullerene (C60[(CH2)4SO3-]6; HSBF), consisting of a C60 cage covalently bonded with six negatively charged sulfonate arms, was synthesized and used to selectively precipitate positively charged surfactants, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. The affinity of HSBF to the analytes depends on the charge, structure, and hydrophobic characteristics of the analytes. The ion pair precipitate was easily removed from the solution by centrifugation. After washing, the precipitate was redissolved in the solvent or buffer solution and the analyte was characterized by laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF). HSBF shows strong optical absorbance in the UV range, so no additional organic matrix was required to conduct LD-TOF analysis of small analytes. For the solution that contained five quaternary amines differing only in alkyl chain length, HSBF exhibits the highest affinity to the amine with the longest alkyl chain. Only the arginine signal was detected from the solution that contained 14 amino acids. The peptides with arginine as the end groups interacted most strongly with HSBF and could be selectively precipitated from a solution of a mixture of five peptides. The signals associated with a trace amount of charged peptides derived from the digestion of proteins by trypsin were greatly enhanced after concentration with HSBF. Among eight proteins in the sample solution, insulin had the strongest affinity to the HSBF and exhibited the strongest signal on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrum.
The Genetic Component of Disorders of Coagulation and Thrombosis (2009)

Correspondence: Dr. J.M. Soria. Unitat de Genomica de Malalties Complexes. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. Spain. E-mail: jsoria@santpau.cat Thrombosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thrombosis, and is the principle factor responsible for a subsequent fatal outcome. These conditions, each of which has an annual incidence of 1 to 3 per 1000 adults, are some the principle causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Consequently, considerable financial and health-care resources are being devoted to their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Thrombosis is a good example of a complex disease, in which each individual’s susceptibility to the disease is determined by the actions of numerous genes and their interactions with environmental factors. It has been established that genetic variations in the genes that code for coagulation factors or inhibitors are important risk factors for thromboembolism. However, 50% of patients with inherited thrombophilia do not have any of these genetic variations. Consequently, the major challenge today is to identify new genetic risk factors for thrombosis.
X-RAY RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PZT CERAMICS (2007)

We have systematically studied the X-ray radiation effects on PZT thin ceramic disk provided by CTS Communications Components, Inc using the X-ray beam line in the Center for Advanced Micro-Structure and Devices (CAMD) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The photo energies of the X-ray range from 2000 eV to 8000 eV. The beam size is 10.0 cm ×1.0 cm .We measure the dielectric constant in situ with different dose of the radiation in one sample and in different samples. The dielectric constants as a function of radiation dose are presented in the paper. It demonstrates the effects on the dielectric constant. Unexpectedly, we also found that X-ray radiation on the PZT disk generates charges on the surface of the samples. We measured the surface voltage due to the X-ray radiation with different radiation dose at the same temperature for these samples. This founding may have application potential for photoelectric devices. This is just a preliminary study. More thorough investigations are needed.
Ultraviolet luminescence of ScPO<sub>4</sub>, AlPO<sub>4</sub>and GaPO<sub>4</sub>crystals (2013)

The luminescence of self-trapped excitons (STEs) was previously observed and described for the case of tetragonal-symmetry ScPO4 single crystals. The subject band in this material is situated in the UV spectral range of ∼210 nm or ∼5.8 eV. In the present work, we are both expanding this earlier luminescence study and seeking to identify similar luminescence phenomena in other orthophosphate crystals, i.e., AlPO4 and GaPO4. These efforts have proven to be successful--in spite of the structural differences between these materials and ScPO4. Specifically we have found that for AlPO4 and GaPO4, in addition to an α-quartz-like STE, there is a UV luminescence band that is similar in position and decay properties to that of ScPO4 crystals. Potentially this represents an STE in AlPO4 and GaPO4 crystals that is analogous to the STE of ScPO4 and other orthophosphates. The decay kinetics of the UV luminescence of ScPO4 was studied over a wide temperature range from 8 to 300 K, and they exhibited some unusual decay characteristics when subjected to pulses from an F2 excimer laser (157 nm). These features could be ascribed to a triplet state of the STE that is split in a zero magnetic field. A fast decay of the STE was detected as well, and therefore, we conclude that, in addition to the slow luminescence corresponding to a transition from the triplet state, there are singlet-singlet transitions of the STE. Time-resolved spectra of the slow and fast decay exhibit a small shift (∼0.15 eV) indicating that the singlet-triplet splitting is small and the corresponding wavefunction of the STE is widely distributed over the atoms of the ScPO4 crystal where the STE is created.
Self-assembled tunable photonic hyper-crystals (2014)

We demonstrate a novel artificial optical material, the "photonic hyper-crystal", which combines the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals. Similar to hyperbolic metamaterials, photonic hyper-crystals exhibit broadband divergence in their photonic density of states due to the lack of usual diffraction limit on the photon wave vector. On the other hand, similar to photonic crystals, hyperbolic dispersion law of extraordinary photons is modulated by forbidden gaps near the boundaries of photonic Brillouin zones. Three dimensional self-assembly of photonic hyper-crystals has been achieved by application of external magnetic field to a cobalt nanoparticle-based ferrofluid. Unique spectral properties of photonic hyper-crystals lead to extreme sensitivity of the material to monolayer coatings of cobalt nanoparticles, which should find numerous applications in biological and chemical sensing.
Selection of Activated Charcoal Products for the Treatment of Poisonings (1993)

Although differences do exist among currently marketed activated charcoal products, the clinical significance of these variations is unknown. Based on an evaluation of risks and benefits, any activated charcoal product that does not contain sorbitol appears to be a suitable choice for treating poisoning victims.
Functional<i>ENTPD1</i>Polymorphisms in African Americans With Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease (2008)

ENTPD1 polymorphisms appear to influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and/or diabetic nephropathy in African Americans. Studies in human cell lines and in vivo mouse data support a potential role for ENTPD1 genetic variation in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
In-Situ Monitoring of Leakage Current on Composite and Glass Insulators of the Cahora Bassa HVDC Transmission Line (2019)

High voltage transmission line design requires careful insulator selection to ensure good operational performance. This paper reports on the in-situ measurements of leakage current (LC) on composite and glass insulators of the Cahora Bassa high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line in South Africa over a 6 - month period. The influence of temperature, humidity, dew, rain and the HVDC line's voltage and current on LC are investigated. The results show that the composite and glass insulator LC behaviour is similar, except in cases of high humidity or rain. At the commencement of rainfall and humidity (>90%), elevated LC levels are observed on glass insulators, while composite insulators demonstrate lower LC levels under these conditions. Under nominal weather conditions of no rain and low humidity, the LC measurements exhibit an almost square-wave behaviour with LC switching between lower (≈20 μA) and higher values (≈60 μA) with relatively short transitions on a daily basis. This phenomenon can be ascribed to condensation on the insulators, which is a primary determinant of the LC levels on contaminated insulators. The line current and voltage fluctuations do not influence the LC level.
Metabolism and biochemical/physiological roles of chondroitin sulfates: analysis of endogenous and supplemental chondroitin sulfates in blood circulation (2006)

Abstract Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear heteropolysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and galactosamine, which is commonly sulfated at C‐4 and/or C‐6 of galactosamine. The administration of CS as a supplement or a drug for the treatment of osteoarthrosis, the prevention of subsequent coronary events, treatment of psoriasis and ophthalmic diseases has been suggested. Much debate on the metabolism of CS and therefore the effectiveness of these treatments, especially after oral administration, has arisen due to the macromolecular nature of CS. Difficulties in analysing CS in blood due to the low endogenous concentrations and the covalent and anionic complexes with proteins have hampered the resolution of these issues. In this review, the information on the pharmacokinetics of CS obtained from studies in experimental animals and in humans is presented. Emphasis has been given to the analytical methods used for the determination of glycosaminoglycans, intact CS and CS‐derived disaccharides in blood serum and plasma. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel Models for Repeated Binary Outcomes: Attitudes and Voting over the Electoral Cycle (2000)

Summary Models for fitting longitudinal binary responses are explored by using a panel study of voting intentions. A standard multilevel repeated measures logistic model is shown to be inadequate owing to a substantial proportion of respondents who maintain a constant response over time. A multivariate binary response model is shown to be a better fit to the data.
NFCGate: Opening the Door for NFC Security Research with a Smartphone-Based Toolkit. (2020)

Near-Field Communication (NFC) is being used in a variety of security-critical applications, from access control to payment systems. However, NFC protocol analysis typically requires expensive or conspicuous dedicated hardware, or is severely limited on smartphones. In 2015, the NFCGate proof of concept aimed at solving this issue by providing capabilities for NFC analysis employing off-the-shelf Android smartphones. 
In this paper, we present an extended and improved NFC toolkit based on the functionally limited original open-source codebase. With in-flight traffic analysis and modification, relay, and replay features this toolkit turns an off-the-shelf smartphone into a powerful NFC research tool. To support the development of countermeasures against relay attacks, we investigate the latency incurred by NFCGate in different configurations. 
Our newly implemented features and improvements enable the case study of an award-winning, enterprise-level NFC lock from a well-known European lock vendor, which would otherwise require dedicated hardware. The analysis of the lock reveals several security issues, which were disclosed to the vendor.
Test program sets on the flightline - a case study verifying jammers (2004)

The US Department of Defense (DoD) has stated on numerous occasions that electronic combat (EC) operations are critically important in establishing and maintaining air supremacy. The Joint Services Electronic Combat System Tester (JSECST) is the most recent test system fielded to support EC systems, but it is the task of the JSECST test program sets (TPS) to ensure that these systems are fully mission capable. This paper describes how JSECST TPSs have been developed to address these issues for US Air Force and US Navy aircraft including: 1. test requirements definition - the mission of the TPS and the faults of interest; 2. TPS design issues, including the role of built-in-test (BIT) in TPS design and vertical testability; 3. test strategy; 4. degree of automation; 5. specific measurements and test techniques required for success.
Performance and Durability of Advanced Ceramic Catalyst Supports (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As emissions regulations become more stringent, catalyst supports with higher cell density, smaller wall thickness, higher surface area and lower thermal mass become more desirable for faster light off and higher conversion efficiency. Simultaneously, however, washcoat formulation and loadings have to be adjusted to yield higher and more stable B.E.T. area at operating temperatures representative of close-coupled application. The thermal mass contribution of advanced washcoat system to catalyst supports with 600/4 and 900/2 cell structures may approach or even exceed that of uncoated substrates. Under such high washcoat loadings, the composite properties of advanced catalysts may be affected adversely in terms of their physical durability, notably in close-coupled application. This paper focuses on potential solutions to light-off performance and FTP efficiency, via optimization of substrate/washcoat interaction, geometric design and the mounting system. In this manner both the performance and durability of advanced ceramic catalyst supports can be ensured over the lifetime of the vehicle.</div>
Pteridines CI Synthesis and Properties of Lumazine-6- and -7-carboxylic Acids (1993)

Summary Lumazine-6-(8) and 7-carboxylic acid (23) and their N-methyl derivatives (12, 13, 21, 26, 28, 29) have been synthesized and characterized by the determination of their pK values and the UV spectra of the neutral, mono and dianion species. It was noticed that the acidities of the two N-H protons of the pyrimidine moiety are almost the same indicating that the dianions of 8 and 23, respectively, are I: 1 mixtures of the corresponding N-l and N-3 deprotonated forms. The lumazine-7-carboxylic acids (23, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33) are in comparison to their 6-carboxyJic acid counterparts (8, 12, 13, 21, 39) stronger acids by about I pK unit due to the resonance effect of the 4-oxo function on C-7 but not C-6. Alkaline KMn04 oxidation of 6.7-dimethyl-Iumazine (30) forms expectedly 6-methyl-Iumazine-7-carboxylic acid (31) in high yield according to the activation of the 7-methyl group by the electron-attracting 4-carbonyl residue.
Usability Engineering for Augmented Reality: Employing User-Based Studies to Inform Design (2008)

A major challenge, and thus opportunity, in the field of human-computer interaction and specifically usability engineering is designing effective user interfaces for emerging technologies that have no established design guidelines or interaction metaphors or introduce completely new ways for users to perceive and interact with technology and the world around them. Clearly, augmented reality is one such emerging technology. We propose a usability engineering approach that employs user-based studies to inform design, by iteratively inserting a series of user-based studies into a traditional usability engineering lifecycle to better inform initial user interface designs. We present an exemplar user-based study conducted to gain insight into how users perceive text in outdoor augmented reality settings and to derive implications for design in outdoor augmented reality. We also describe lessons learned from our experiences conducting user-based studies as part of the design process.
Inactivation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by Proteinases (Gingipains) from the Periodontal Pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis (1998)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major pathogens associated with adult periodontitis, a major chronic inflammatory disease. Potent proteinases elaborated by these bacteria aid directly and indirectly in both the development of the pathophysiology of the disease and in host defense evasion. For these reasons they are considered key virulence factors. To investigate whether possible immune evasion mechanisms involve the dysregulation of the host cytokine network, we examined the ability of P. gingivalis cysteine proteinases, including Arg-specific gingipains HRGP and RGP2 and Lys-specific KGP, to degrade the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). All three gingipains rapidly degraded TNF-alpha as exhibited by immunoblot analysis. Moreover, all biological activity was significantly reduced over extended incubation periods with the proteinases tested, whereas the host neutrophil proteinases were ineffective. These results indicate that the gingipain proteinases elaborated by P. gingivalis are capable of disrupting the cytokine network at the site of infection through the degradation of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, suggesting the removal of one of several mediators important to the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Such a mechanism is likely to be utilized by other infective organisms not only for survival but also for growth and proliferation.
Current challenges in antibiotic resistance. (2000)

The striking, widespread increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an issue of great concern. Worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistances in our common gram-positive coccal pathogens is probably the most serious problem we have in the realm of bacterial infections. The most important of these organisms are penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and methicillin- (and now vancomycin-) resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although known by the above names, all of these organisms are multidrug-resistant. Beta-lactam and vancomycin resistances in gram-positive cocci are caused by altered cell wallñbinding sites with decreased affinity for the drug. Another serious problem is that of resistance in certain gram-negative bacilli due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. These antibiotic resistances in common pathogens have made antimicrobial therapy of many infections extremely difficult or virtually impossible in some instances. The extensive, and often inappropriate, use of antibiotics in the U.S. and worldwide is the major factor in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Microbial mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical importance, treatment, and prevention of these antibiotic resistance problems are discussed.