gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The linearity of low frequency traffic flow: an intrinsic I/O property in queueing systems (2002)

Consider a class of queueing systems which can be modeled by a finite quasi-birth-death (QBD) process. In this paper we develop a powerful computational technique for spectral analyses (i.e. second-order statistics) of output, queue and loss. Emphasis is placed on output power spectrum and input-output coherence function in response to various input power spectral properties and system parameters. The coherence function is defined to measure linear relationship between input and output processes. A key technical contribution of this paper is the exploration of linearity of low frequency traffic flow. Through the evaluation of the coherence function, one can identify a so-called nonlinear break frequency, /spl omega//sub b/, under which the low frequency traffic stay intact via a queueing system. Such a low frequency I/O linearity plays an important role in characterizing the output process, which may form a partial input to other "downstream" queues of the network. After all, it is the "upstream" output low frequency characteristics that will have most impact on the "downstream" queueing performance. Our study further indicates that the link capacity required by an input process is essentially characterized by its maximum input rate filtered at /spl omega//sub b/.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2010)

Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) is the only non-invasive method for characterising the microstructural organization of tissue in vivo. Generating parametric maps that help to visualise different aspects of the tissue microstructure (mean diffusivity, tissue anisotropy and dominant fibre orientation) involves a number of steps from deciding on the optimal acquisition parameters on the scanner, collecting the data, pre-processing the data and fitting the model to generating final parametric maps for entry into statistical data analysis. Here, we describe an entire protocol that we have used on over 400 subjects with great success in our laboratory. In the 'Notes' section, we justify our choice of the various parameters/choices along the way so that the reader may adapt/modify the protocol to their own time/hardware constraints.
Growth factor‐independent proliferation of normal human neonatal keratinocytes: Production of autocrine‐ and paracrine‐acting mitogenic factors (1991)

When normal human foreskin keratinocytes were cultured in the absence of polypeptide growth factors at densities above 5 x 10(3)/cells cm2, the cells proliferated continuously and the addition of IGF-I, EGF, TGF alpha, bFGF, or aFGF did not significantly alter growth rate. Heparin sulfate, TGF beta, or suramin inhibited keratinocyte growth factor-independent proliferation. The addition of EGF, TGF alpha, or aFGF reversed heparin-induced growth inhibition, while bFGF partially negated this effect. RIA of keratinocyte-derived conditioned medium (CM) indicated the presence of TGF alpha peptide at a concentration of approximately 235 pg/ml. In contrast, clonal growth of keratinocytes required the addition of growth factors to the basal medium. Keratinocyte-derived CM replaced EGF in stimulating keratinocyte clonal growth, and an anti-EGF receptor mAb inhibited CM-induced keratinocyte clonal growth. In addition to its effect on keratinocytes, keratinocyte-derived CM stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by quiescent cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts, mouse AKR-2B cells, and EGF-receptorless mouse NR6 cells. CM-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into quiescent normal human fibroblasts was partially reduced in the presence of anti-EGF receptor mAb. Heparin sulfate partially inhibited CM-induced keratinocyte clonal growth and [3H]thymidine incorporation into quiescent AKR-2B cells. We hypothesize from these data that autocrine and paracrine-acting factors produced by keratinocytes mediated their effect through the activation of both EGF receptor-dependent and EGF receptor-independent mitogenic pathways and that some of these factors appear to be sensitive to inhibition by heparin.
Noncooperative justifications for old bankruptcy rules (2010)

In this paper we use two different sets of Commonly Accepted Equity Principles to provide new characterizations of well known bankruptcy rules from an strategic viewpoint. In this sense, we extend the results obtained by Chun, 1989, and Herrero, 2003, who followed the van Damme's approach, 1986, for solving Nash type bargaining problems, but in bankruptcy problems. Specifially, by using, on the one hand, the Unanimous Concessions mechanism we justify Piniles' and the Constrained Egalitarian rules, and, on the other hand, with the Diminishing Claims procedure we retrieve the Dual of Pinile's and the Dual of Constrained Egalitarian rules.
Generation technique of 500 MHz ultra-high speed algorithmic pattern (2002)

This paper describes the pattern generation for testing ultra-high speed memory devices. 500 MHz algorithmic pattern can be generated by parallel operation with 4 pattern generators and arithmetic synthesis supported by a new pattern compiler.
Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes (1997)

A new ultrafast photodiode, uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is proposed, and its photoresponse characterization on fabricated devices is presented. The prime feature of this PD is much higher output saturation current than that in a conventional pin-PD. This is achieved by reducing the space charge effect by utilizing electron velocity overshoot in the carrier collecting layer. A 20 μm2-area UTC-PD fabricated with MOVPE-grown InP/InGaAs heterostructure generated an output voltage as high as 2 V for a 25 Ω load while maintaining an f3dB of 80 GHz. Proper device operations at high photocurrent densities up to 400 kA/cm2 were observed.
A simulation model for electromigration in fine-line metallization of integrated circuits due to repetitive pulsed currents (1988)

The design trend of digital very-large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) toward higher power dissipation per chip, higher switching speeds, and smaller cross-section interconnect metallization lines has increased concern about the reliability of these devices with respect to electromigration as a failure mechanism. A simulation model for the major physical processes that influence the development and progression of electromigration damage due to pulsed electric currents is described. A comparison of model behavior to that observed experimentally for steady current (DC) stressing is made, and it is concluded that the model may provide a reasonable prediction of expected behavior under pulsed current stressing. However, experimental verification of the model is required before it can be used with assurance for design guidance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adoptive Transfer of TRAIL-Expressing Natural Killer Cells Prevents Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Partial Hepatectomy (2006)

These findings indicate that adoptive immunotherapy using activated NK cells extracted from normal liver perfusates may be a novel technique for reconstituting the depressed immune status in cases of living donor liver transplantation involving HCC patients, recipients of a partial liver graft.
Spontaneous Dissection of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries (2001)

When a tear occurs in one of the major arteries in the neck and allows blood to enter the wall of the artery and split its layers, the result is either stenosis or aneurysmal dilatation of the vessel. This process was long thought to be a rare cause of stroke, particularly in the absence of trauma, and the diagnosis was usually not made until the postmortem examination.13 It was not until the late 1970s, when Fisher et al.1 and Mokri et al.2 described dissections of carotid and vertebral arteries as detected by modern diagnostic approaches, that dissections began to . . .
Structural Characterization of α-Zein (2005)

A variety of published physical measurements, computational algorithms, and structural modeling methods have been used to create a molecular model of 19 kDa alpha-zein (Z19). Zetaeins are water-insoluble storage proteins found in corn protein bodies. Analyses of the protein sequence using probability algorithms, structural studies by circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), light scattering, proton exchange, NMR, and optical rotatory dispersion experiments suggest that Z19 has approximately 35-60% helical character, made up of nine helical segments of about 20 amino acids with glutamine-rich "turns" or "loops". SAXS and light-scattering experiments suggest that in alcohol/water mixtures alpha-zein exists as an oblong structure with an axial ratio of approximately 6:1. Furthermore, ultracentifugation, birefringence, dielectric, and viscosity studies indicate that alpha-zein behaves as an asymmetric particle with an axial ratio of from 7:1 to 28:1. Published models of alpha-zein to date have not been consistent with the experimental data, and for this reason the structure was re-examined using molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations creating a new three-dimensional (3D) structure for Z19. From the amino acid sequence and probability algorithms this analysis suggested that alpha-zein has coiled-coil tendencies resulting in alpha-helices with about four residues per turn in the central helical sections with the nonpolar residue side chains forming a hydrophobic face inside a triple superhelix. The nine helical segments of the 19 kDa protein were modeled into three sets of three interacting coiled-coil helices with segments positioned end to end. The resulting structure lengthens with the addition of the N- and C-terminal sections, to give an axial ratio of approximately 6 or 7:1 in agreement with recent experiments. The natural carotenoid, lutein, is found to fit into the core of the triple-helical segments and help stabilize the configuration. Molecular dynamics simulations with explicit methanol/water molecules as solvent have been carried out to refine the 3D structure.
Bupropion and Sexual Function (1997)

Many antidepressant agents interfere with sexual function. The purpose of this single-blind, prospective study was to determine sexual side effects, both positive and negative, of the amino-ketone antidepressant bupropion in a group of nondepressed diabetic men with somatic erectile dysfunction. Fourteen men participated in a 10-week protocol consisting sequentially of 2 weeks of baseline testing, 2 weeks of placebo, and 6 weeks of bupropion. Participants also completed daily and weekly questionnaires concerning sexual functioning, and a team of investigators rated various dimensions of sexual function every 2 weeks. In addition, a variety of physiologic measures, relevant either to erectile function or to neural/vascular systems that underlie sexual response, were assessed during baseline and bupropion treatment. Results indicated that neither subjective nor objective measures of erectile and overall sexual functioning worsened during bupropion. In fact, several measures suggested a trend toward improved sexual functioning. Furthermore, diabetic control was unaffected by bupropion administration. Given the lack of adverse effects on sexual function, along with the potential for improved erectile response, bupropion may provide an attractive choice for the treatment of depression in diabetic men or others for whom sexual dysfunction is a concern.
A Viterbi decoder for the SCAMP terminal (2003)

The author describes the design and performance of the Viterbi decoder used in the ASCAMP (Advanced Single-Channel Anti-jam Man Portable) terminal. The subject is introduced by giving some background information on the terminal itself. This is followed by a discussion of the system constraints as seen from the decoder's perspective. The desired decoder operation and the resultant hardware are discussed, and the author concludes with a description of the test setup and the measured error rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypoxia and Alzheimer disease (2008)

Christopher Patterson and colleagues reviewed the modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease but did not mention that hypoxia may stimulate the development of this illness.[1][1] Cigarette smoking, severe head injury with loss of consciousness and systolic hypertension in older people are risk
Mineral Preservatives in the Wood of Stradivari and Guarneri (2009)

Following the futile efforts of generations to reach the high standard of excellence achieved by the luthiers in Cremona, Italy, by variations of design and plate tuning, current interest is being focused on differences in material properties. The long-standing question whether the wood of Stradivari and Guarneri were treated with wood preservative materials could be answered only by the examination of wood specimens from the precious antique instruments. In a recent communication (Nature, 2006), we reported about the degradation of the wood polymers in instruments of Stradivari and Guarneri, which could be explained only by chemical manipulations, possibly by preservatives. The aim of the current work was to identify the minerals from the small samples of the maple wood which were available to us from the antique instruments. The ashes of wood from one violin and one cello by Stradivari, two violins by Guarneri, one viola by H. Jay, one violin by Gand-Bernardel were analyzed and compared with a variety of commercial tone woods. The methods of analysis were the following: back-scattered electron imaging, X-ray fluorescence maps for individual elements, wave-length dispersive spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and quantitative microprobe analysis. All four Cremonese instruments showed the unmistakable signs of chemical treatments in the form of chemicals which are not present in natural woods, such as BaSO4, CaF2, borate, and ZrSiO4. In addition to these, there were also changes in the common wood minerals. Statistical evaluation of 12 minerals by discriminant analysis revealed: a. a difference among all four Cremona instruments, b. the difference of the Cremonese instruments from the French and English antiques, and c. only the Cremonese instruments differed from all commercial woods. These findings may provide the answer why all attempts to recreate the Stradivarius from natural wood have failed. There are many obvious implications with regard to how the green tone wood should be treated, which chould lead to changes in the practice of violin-making. This research should inspire others to analyze more antique violins for their chemical contents.
Preparation and Characterization of Surface-Modified Silica-Nanoparticles (2001)

Stöber silica particles having diameters of ca. 100 and ca. 200 nm were prepared and silylated using trimethylsilyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate, achieving a range of surface coverage by trimethylsilyl groups by varying the amounts of silylating agent used. The efficacy of silylation was characterized in terms of hydrophobicity of the particles which was assessed by film balance investigations at water−air interfaces and additionally by imaging the long- and short-range structures of silica particulate layers at water−air interfaces and on mica supports by using Brewster-angle and atomic force microscopies.
Effects of subchronic exposure of PSP Ganoderma lucidum on renal function and histopathology feature in Rattus novergicus Wistar strain (2015)

Background: Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi in China, is a fungus that has been widely used through the centuries for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. 

Aims and Objective: To determine the effects of subchronic exposure of PSP G. lucidum on renal function and renal histopathology feature in Rattus novergicus Wistar strain. 

Materials and Methods: A total of 80 male and female Wistar rats, aged 23 months with a body weight of 200300 g, were divided into four treatment groups: dose group 0 (control group), group PSP G. lucidum dose of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg for 90 days. Parameters measured were urea and creatinine levels and renal histopathology feature. 

Result: From the research, the highest urea levels were found in the group in which female Wistar rats were treated with PSP dose of 300 mg/kg/day with an average concentration of urea of 33.2 mg/dL, whereas creatinine levels were found to be equally high on treatment with PSP dose of 1200, 600, and 300 mg/kg/day with an average concentration of urea of 0.3 mg/dL. On histopathological examination, no morphological abnormalities were found. The results of one-way analysis of variance test showed no significant difference at all PSP G. lucidum doses. 

Conclusion: It is concluded that giving PSP G. lucidum in three variant doses does not cause dysfunction and histological damage to the renal function.
Reflections on the implementation of Canadian foreign policy (1999)

Michael Pearson offers a personal perspective on Canadian foreign policy decision‐making from his experience as an advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Although there are many factors that contribute to the success of policy implementation, Pearson proposes that the will of the decision makers makes successful policy implementation more likely. Specifically, will prevails over fate when attention is given to the details of policy‐making and implementation. Pearson asserts that this is one of the most important determinants of the success or failure of foreign policy initiatives. Some of the operating methods of the departments and agencies in the Canadian government which are involved in foreign policy‐making and implementation are examined. Suggestions to produce more successful policy implementation are given.
Rapid down modulation of P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1, CD162) by G–CSF in humans (2002)

G-CSF, but not dexamethasone, down regulates PSGL-1 expression on the surface of neutrophils in humans. This could also partly explain the synergistic effects when both drugs are combined for optimal mobilization of neutrophils for clinical granulocyte transfusion programs.
Genetic and Expression Analysis of MET, MACC1, and HGF in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Response to Met Inhibition in Patient Xenografts and Pathologic Correlations (2011)

Experiments in patient-derived xenografts suggest that mCRCs do not rely on Met genomic gain and/or overexpression for growth. On the basis of pathologic correlations and bioinformatic analysis, MACC1 could contribute to CRC progression through mechanisms other than or additional to Met transcriptional upregulation.
LIGA20, a lyso derivative of ganglioside GM1, given orally after cortical thrombosis reduces infarct size and associated cognition deficit. (1994)

A bilateral photochemically induced thrombotic lesion of rat sensorimotor cortex (approximately 3 mm in diameter and 25 mm3 in volume) is associated with a persistent cognition (learning and memory) deficit, which was evaluated with water maze tasks. The N-dichloroacetylsphingosine derivative of lysoGM1 (LIGA20) administered after the lesion either i.v. or per or reduces the infarct size by 30-40% and attenuates the associated cognition deficits, presumably by limiting the extent of damage of neurons at risk located in the surroundings of the infarcted core (i.e., area penumbra). The LIGA20 protection is dose and time dependent. Maximal protection is afforded by a single dose of LIGA20 of 34 mumol/kg i.v. 1 hr after lesion or by a dose of 270 mumol/kg per os when administered 1 hr and 24 hr after the lesion. The protective effect of LIGA20 can be observed when the drug is administered i.v. up to 6 hr after the lesion. The protective efficacy of the oral administration of LIGA20 is related to its physiochemical properties, which, unlike those of GM1, allow absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. LIGA20 given orally reaches the brain promptly and rapidly inserts into the neuronal membranes. Here, by an unknown molecular mechanism, LIGA20 selectively reduces the pathological amplification of Ca2+ signaling elicited by persistent stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the area penumbra.
[Quality of Schisandra incarnata Stapf]. (1991)

In the western part of Hubei province we have collected a medicinal plant by the local name of "North Wuweizi". It has been identified as Schisandra incarnata. A tetrahydrofuran lignan chicanine has been isolated from the kernel of the plant. Pharmacological experiments show that S. incarnata possesses activities of lowering sGPT levels as well as prolonging the sleeping time induced by phenobarbital.
Self-Mixing Interferometry for Biomedical Signals Sensing (2013)

Self-mixing interferometry is a noncontact method well suited for measuring a variety of biological signals, like blood pressure wave at wrist and thorax (the optical stethoscope), blood velocity in vein and in external circulation, THz echoes from skin, ear drum vibration, and oculomotor reflex measurements. In this review, after presenting the underlying theory and the main developments of self-mixing, we analyze the applications to biosignal measurement reported so far, and illustrate potentialities and perspectives of the technique.
Dynamic pressure control in VARTM: Rapid fabrication of laminates with high fiber volume fraction and improved dimensional uniformity (2018)

The compaction pressure on the fibrous preform is one of the most critical parameters in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), which significantly affects the preform permeability, mold filling time, and final thickness of the fabricated composite. In this study, the compaction pressure on the vacuum bag was controlled during and after the mold filling to achieve rapid impregnation and improve the fiber volume fraction of the laminate. It was shown that the dynamic pressure control (1) enabled the manipulation of the fabric permeability and faster distribution of the resin to decrease the mold filling time, (2) improved the dimensional uniformity of the laminate by reducing the thickness variation, and (3) increased the fiber volume fraction by further consolidating the preform and removing the excess resin. One of the most essential and prominent features of the process was shown to be the resin removal from the inlet by applying external pressure, which reduced the thickness variation in laminates from 15 to 1%. The mold filling time was reduced by 48% compared with conventional VARTM, while achieving a high fiber volume fraction up to 64% and a low void content of below 1%. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2482–2494, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Microarray analysis of cytokine and chemokine genes in the brains of macaques with SHIV‐encephalitis (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-encephalitis results from a cascade of viral-host interactions that lead to cytokine and chemokine imbalance, which then leads to neuropathologic manifestations of the disease. These include macrophage/microglia activation, astrocytosis and neuronal dysfunction or death. As the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood, we used Atlas human cytokine or cytokine receptor microarray analysis to highlight gene expression profiles that accompanied encephalitis in Simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6P-infected macaques. Of the 277 genes screened, marked upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-inducible peptide IP-10 and interleukin-4 were observed specifically in the encephalitic brains. These genes are collectively known to promote macrophage infiltration and activation and virus replication. In contrast, genes regulating neurotrophic functions, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor were downregulated. We also found that some of the apoptosis genes were up- or down-regulated. These data provide a comprehensive spectrum of gene expression that underscores the two major clinical manifestations of this unique syndrome: enhanced virus replication in brain macrophages and dystrophic changes in neurons.