gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and Chemical Modifications of Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase B (1967)

Abstract Specific chemical modification studies were carried out in an attempt to characterize the of carbonic anhydrase with regard to its catalytic properties, the binding of inhibitors (anions and sulfonamides), and the binding and role of the zinc atom. Enzymatic activity was determined by catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate. The CO2-hydrating activity was also determined in some experiments, and it paralleled the activity determined from the esterase assays. Amidination of all the lysyl residues of the enzyme with methyl acetimidate hydrochloride caused no loss of activity. Hence, a lysine residue is not involved in any critical function at the active site. Bromoacetate and iodoacetamide both inactivate the enzyme by reaction at the 3'-imidazole nitrogen of a histidine residue. By measuring enzymatic activity immediately after addition of these reagents, both were found to be reversible inhibitors of enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the rate of inactivation is directly proportional to the fraction of the enzyme which is reversibly inhibited by these reagents. Other inhibitors, chloride and sulfanilamide, compete with the binding of iodoacetamide and competitively protect the enzyme against inactivation. The histidine (or histidines) must be located near the inhibitor-binding site and react with these reagents while they are bound there. The zinc atom may be removed from the native enzyme and replaced by cobalt to regenerate an active enzyme (Co(II)-enzyme). Inactivation of Co(II)-enzyme is similar to that of the native enzyme. The rate of inactivation of the apoenzyme (as measured in terms of activity after adding back zinc or cobalt) by iodoacetamide is about the same as with native or Co(II)-enzyme, but the rate with bromoacetate is only 1 to 2% of its rate with native or Co(II)-enzyme. In addition, chloride does not protect the apoenzyme against inactivation by iodoacetamide. Hence, the metal atom seems to be involved in the binding of anionic inhibitors. Inactivation by these reagents is incomplete, and evidence is presented which suggests that the residual activity is a function of the modified enzyme. The residual activity after reaction of the native enzyme with iodoacetamide is about 16% of that of the native enzyme at pH 7.4. After reaction with bromoacetate, it amounts to about 4% at pH 7.5 and 15% at pH 9.6. Chloroacetamide also acts as a reversible inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, but it does not inactivate the enzyme. 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene does not appear to be a reversible inhibitor, but it can inactivate the native, apo-, and Co(II)-enzymes by reacting only with 1 to 2 residues of histidine. A strong sulfonamide inhibitor, acetazolamide, does not completely protect against inactivation.
Promoting cost-effective physician behavior. (1993)

The current demand for cost containment, improved quality of care, and increased efficiency requires the cooperation of hospital administrators and physicians. Too often, however, administrators are frustrated in their attempts to gain the cooperation of physicians in working toward improving a hospital's financial position. In many instances administration efforts are perceived by physicians as promoting economic efficiency at the expense of quality of care. This article offers specific suggestions, from the physician's perspective, regarding how hospitals can develop a successful program to promote cost-effective physician behavior.
Model of Piezoelectric Power Harvesting Beam (2003)

Piezoelectric materials can be use as mechanisms to transfer mechanical energy, usually ambient vibration into electrical energy ahtat can be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent advances in wireless and MEMS technology, sensors can be places almost anywhere necessary. Since these devices are devices are wireless it becomes necessary that they have their own power supply. This power supply in most cases is the conventional bettery, however problems can occur when using batteries bacause of their finite life span. When the battery is extinguished of all its power, the sensor must be retrieved and the battery changed. Because wireless sensors are developed so that they can be placed in remote locations such as structural sensors on a bridge or GPS tracking devices on animals in the wild, obtaining the sensor simply to replace the battery can become a very expensive task. Therefore, if a method of obtaining the untapped energy surrounding these sensors was implemented,significant life could be added to the power supply. One method is to use piezoelectric materials to obtain energy lost due to vibrations of the test specimen. This captured energy could then be used to prolong the life of the power supply or in the ideal case provide endless energy for the sensors lifespan. The goal of this study is to develop a model of the piezoelectric power harvesting device. This model would simplify the design procedure necessary for determining the approapriate size and vibration levels necessary for sufficient energy to be produced and supplied to the electronics devices. An experimental verification of the model is also performed to ensure its accuracy.
Synchronized Independent Narrow-Band Single Photons and Efficient Generation of Photonic Entanglement (2007)

We create independent, synchronized single-photon sources with built-in quantum memory based on two remote cold atomic ensembles. The synchronized single photons are used to demonstrate efficient generation of entanglement. The resulting entangled photon pairs violate a Bell's inequality by 5 standard deviations. Our synchronized single photons with their long coherence time of 25 ns and the efficient creation of entanglement serve as an ideal building block for scalable linear optical quantum information processing.
Physical methods for the management of hirsutism. (1990)

Physical methods for the management of unwanted hair are critically reviewed. Electrolysis and thermolysis are popular and medically proven electrochemical and electrosurgical techniques for permanent hair removal. Many patients seek consultation with their physician prior to having this elective procedure performed. Clinical guidelines are presented for a successful consultation with such patients. Many years ago the unregulated practice of x-ray therapy by unlicensed and poorly trained personnel resulted in tragic morbidity and mortality. Some historical parallels exist between this disturbing period and present day electrolysis and thermolysis practice: only twenty-seven states currently require licensing for permanent hair removal, which is a procedure with rare but potentially serious complications.
Microgap Multicavity Fabry–Pérot Biosensor (2007)

This paper presents a microgap multicavity Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor fabricated by wet etching and fusion splicing of single-mode optical fibers. The temperature dependence of the optical thickness measurement of self-assembled thin films can be compensated by extracting the temperature information from the multiplexed temperature sensor. Experimental results demonstrate that thin-film characteristics under temperature variations can be examined accurately. The high-temperature sensitivity of the temperature sensor also enables biosensing under temperature variations. This greatly improves the flexibility in sample handling and provides the opportunity to investigate temperature effects in biological applications.
Virtual source applications to imaging and reservoir monitoring (2007)

The virtual source method is a breakthrough that allows us to image and monitor the subsurface in cases where surface seismic or VSP fail to deliver. In settings where the overburden is complex or changing, traditional time-lapse signals are weak or nonrepeatable, leading to ineffective seismic input to reservoir modeling and little of value generated by repeated seismic surveys. On the other hand, the virtual source method allows us to image under complex overburden, yields repeatable data for reservoir monitoring, enables shear seismic, and may help us “look ahead” as we drill.
The Simplex Method for Quadratic Programming (1960)

A computational procedure is given for finding the minimum of a quadratic function of variables subject to linear inequality constraints.The procedure is analogous to the Simplex Method for linear programming, being based on the Barankin-Dorfman procedure for this problem.
Recht und Staat bei Christian Wolff (2004)

Der seinerzeit beruhmteste deutsche Aufklarungsphilosoph Christian Wolff ist im Schatten des grosen Kant fast ganz verschwunden. Aus Anlas seines 250. Todestags erinnert der Beitrag an die Bedeutung des Kant-Vorlaufers fur die Entwicklung des Rechts- und Staatsdenkens in Deutschland.
<b>Stacks on tracks: the plant Golgi apparatus traffics on an actin/ER network</b><sup>†</sup> (1998)

We have visualized the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi in leaf cells of Nicotiana clevelandii by expression of two Golgi proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). A fusion of the transmembrane domain (signal anchor sequence) of a rat sialyl transferase to GFP was targeted to the Golgi stacks. A second construct that expressed the Arabidopsis H/KDEL receptor homologue aERD2, fused to GFP, was targeted to both the Golgi apparatus and ER, allowing the relationship between these two organelles to be studied in living cells for the first time. The Golgi stacks were shown to move rapidly and extensively along the polygonal cortical ER network of leaf epidermal cells, without departing from the ER tubules. Co-localization of F-actin in the GFP-expressing cells revealed an underlying actin cytoskeleton that matched precisely the architecture of the ER network, while treatment of cells with the inhibitors cytochalasin D and N-ethylmaleimide revealed the dependency of Golgi movement on actin cables. These observations suggest that the leaf Golgi complex functions as a motile system of actin-directed stacks whose function is to pick up products from a relatively stationary ER system. Also, we demonstrate for the first time in vivo brefeldin A-induced retrograde transport of Golgi membrane protein to the ER.
Application servers and associated technologies (2005)

Application Servers (ASs), which have become very popular in the last few years, provide the platforms for the execution of transactional, server-side applications in the online world. While transaction processing monitors (TPMs) have been providing similar functionality for over 3 decades, ASs are their modern equivalents. ASs play a central role in enabling electronic commerce in the web context. The objective of this seminar is to provide an introduction to different ASs and their underlying technologies for the novice as well as the experienced person. The intent is to broaden the background of database people for them to be able to better appreciate application requirements and scenarios. C. Mohan (Ph.D. 1981, UT-Austin) was named an IBM Fellow in 1997 for being recognized worldwide as a leading innovator in transaction management. He is the primary inventor of the ARIES family of recovery and locking methods, and the industry-standard Presumed Abort commit protocol. He received the 1996 ACM SIGMOD Innovations Award. At the 1999 VLDB Conference, he was honored with the 10 Year Best Paper Award for the widespread commercial and research impact of his work on ARIES. Mohan, who is an inventor of 33 patents, works very closely with numerous IBM product groups. His research results are implemented in numerous IBM and non-IBM prototypes and products like DB2, MQSeries, Lotus Domino, S/390 Parallel Sysplex and SQLServer. Currently,Mohan is a member of IBM’s Application Integration Middleware Architecture Board and is working on next generation messaging technologies and database caching in the context of WebSphere and DB2.
<i>SLC45A3-ELK4</i> Chimera in Prostate Cancer: Spotlight on <i>cis</i>-Splicing (2012)

Using a series of detailed experiments, Zhang and colleagues establish that the prostate cancer RNA chimera SLC45A3-ELK4 is generated by cis-splicing between the 2 adjacent genes and does not involve DNA rearrangements or trans-splicing. The chimera expression is induced by androgen treatment likely by overcoming the read-through block imposed by the intergenic CCCTC insulators bound by CCCTC-binding factor repressor protein. The chimeric transcript, but not wild-type ELK4, is shown to augment prostate cancer cell proliferation.
New precursors for organometallic chemical vapor deposition of rhodium (1991)

The η-cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and η-allyl (C 3 H 5 ) complexes [RhCp(CO) 2 ], [RhCp(cod)] where cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, [Rh(η-C 3 H 5 )(CO) 2 ], and [Rh(η-C 3 H 5 ) 3 ] have been shown to be useful precursors for the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of rhodium films. The rhodium films contain carbon impurities but these can be greatly reduced if CVD is carried out in the presence of hydrogen. The films adhere well to a silicon substrate. The pyrolysis of [RhCp(CO) 2 ] gives CO and [Rh 2 Cp 2 (CO) 2 (μ-CO)] and [Rh 3 Cp 3 (μ-CO) 3 ] at intermediate stages. Pyrolysis of [Rh(η-C 3 H 5 ) 3 ] or [Rh(η-C 3 H 5 )(CO) 2 ] gives 1,5-hexadiene as the only organic product, but similar pyrolysis in the presence of hydrogen gives much propene as well as 1,5-hexadiene. Key words: rhodium, deposition, allyl, cyclopentadienyl.
DNA histogram debris theory and compensation (1991)

In this paper we describe a theory of DNA histogram debris generation and compensation that can be applied to paraffin-embedded frozen tissue preparations. The theory predicts the distribution of fragments generated from single and multiple random sectioning of three-dimensional ellipsoids representing nuclei. The fragment distribution is assumed to be a major component of the underlying debris in DNA histograms. A comparison of S-phase fractions (SPF) from matched tissue prepared by frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DNA methods demonstrates the usefulness of the theory.
Pentaprobe: a comprehensive sequence for the one-step detection of DNA-binding activities (2003)

The rapid increase in the number of novel proteins identified in genome projects necessitates simple and rapid methods for assigning function. We describe a strategy for determining whether novel proteins possess typical sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Many proteins bind recognition sequences of 5 bp or less. Given that there are 4(5) possible 5 bp sites, one might expect the length of sequence required to cover all possibilities would be 4(5) x 5 or 5120 nt. But by allowing overlaps, utilising both strands and using a computer algorithm to generate the minimum sequence, we find the length required is only 516 base pairs. We generated this sequence as six overlapping double-stranded oligonucleotides, termed pentaprobe, and used it in gel retardation experiments to assess DNA binding by both known and putative DNA-binding proteins from several protein families. We have confirmed binding by the zinc finger proteins BKLF, Eos and Pegasus, the Ets domain protein PU.1 and the treble clef N- and C-terminal fingers of GATA-1. We also showed that the N-terminal zinc finger domain of FOG-1 does not behave as a typical DNA-binding domain. Our results suggest that pentaprobe, and related sequences such as hexaprobe, represent useful tools for probing protein function.
Hue Sensibility to Dominant Wave-Length Change and the Relation Between Saturation and Colorimetric Purity (1940)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Dorothy Nickerson and Walter C. Granville, "Hue Sensibility to Dominant Wave-Length Change and the Relation Between Saturation and Colorimetric Purity," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 30, 159-162 (1940) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-performance multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization in culture and tissue with matrix imprinting and clearing (2016)

Highly multiplexed single-molecule FISH has emerged as a promising approach to spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics because of its ability to directly image and profile numerous RNA species in their native cellular context. However, background-from off-target binding of FISH probes and cellular autofluorescence-can become limiting in a number of important applications, such as increasing the degree of multiplexing, imaging shorter RNAs, and imaging tissue samples. Here, we developed a sample clearing approach for FISH measurements. We identified off-target binding of FISH probes to cellular components other than RNA, such as proteins, as a major source of background. To remove this source of background, we embedded samples in polyacrylamide, anchored RNAs to this polyacrylamide matrix, and cleared cellular proteins and lipids, which are also sources of autofluorescence. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we measured the copy number of 130 RNA species in cleared samples using multiplexed error-robust FISH (MERFISH). We observed a reduction both in the background because of off-target probe binding and in the cellular autofluorescence without detectable loss in RNA. This process led to an improved detection efficiency and detection limit of MERFISH, and an increased measurement throughput via extension of MERFISH into four color channels. We further demonstrated MERFISH measurements of complex tissue samples from the mouse brain using this matrix-imprinting and -clearing approach. We envision that this method will improve the performance of a wide range of in situ hybridization-based techniques in both cell culture and tissues.
Microwave Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Oxygen (1951)

The complex magnetic-resonance spectrum of oxygen gas is observed at 9340 Mc/sec in magnetic fields up to 9000 oersted. Some 40 lines are resolved. A partial analysis of the spectrum is made with the help of Henry's recent Zeeman theory of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Other lines are identified by the temperature dependence of the relative intensities. Line widths are measured by several techniques and range from 0.6 to 4 Mc/sec/mm Hg at room temperature. The temperature and pressure dependence of the line widths are investigated.
Measurement and modeling of molecular ion concentrations in a hydrogen reflex-arc discharge (2002)

The concentrations of the ions H+, H2+, and H3+ are measured in a weakly-ionized hydrogen plasma with electron temperatures Te=3–7 eV, electron densities Ne=1011–1012 cm−3, and background gas densities NH2=5×1013–1015 cm−3. The relative ion concentrations are measured using an omegatron-type mass spectrometer, while the electron density and temperature are measured using a Langmuir probe together with absolutely-calibrated Hα emission spectroscopy. The mean lifetime of ions in the plasma is estimated from fixed wall probe measurements. From the measured parameters, the expected steady-state molecular ion concentrations are modeled using the relevant rate balance equations. It is found that the observed molecular ion concentrations can be predicted within the experimental accuracy using currently available collision cross sections.
ZVT boost converter using a ZCS auxiliary circuit (2001)

A soft switching boost converter with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) main switch using zero-current switching (ZCS) auxiliary switch is proposed. Operating intervals of the converter are presented and analyzed. Design considerations are discussed. A design example with experimental results obtained from a 600 W, 100 kHz, 380 V output, power factor corrected, ac-to-dc, boost converter using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) is presented, Results show that the main switch maintains ZVT while the auxiliary switch retains ZCS for the complete specified line and load conditions.
A time- and wavelength-division multiplexing sensor network with ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (2013)

A time- and wavelength-division multiplexing sensor network based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) was proposed. The low insertion loss and the high multiplexing capability of the proposed sensor network were investigated through both theoretical analysis and experimental study. The demodulation system, which consists of two semiconductor optical amplifiers and one high-speed charge-coupled device module, was constructed to interrogate 2000 serial ultra-weak FBGs with peak reflectivity ranging from -47 dB to -51 dB and a spatial resolution of 2 m along an optical fiber. The distinct advantages of the proposed sensor network make it an excellent candidate for the large-scale sensing network.
CO2 Uptake and Physicochemical Properties of Carbonation-Cured Ternary Blend Portland Cement–Metakaolin–Limestone Pastes (2020)

The feasibility of carbonation curing of ternary blend Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone was investigated. Portland cement was substituted by the combination of metakaolin and limestone at levels of 15%, 30%, and 45% by the mass. The ternary blends were cured with four different combinations of ambient and carbonation curing. The mechanical property, CO<sub>2</sub> uptake, and mineralogical variations of the ternary blend pastes were investigated by means of compressive strength test, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffractometry. In addition, volume of permeable voids and sorptivity of the ternary blends were also presented to provide a fundamental idea of the pore characteristics of the blends. The test results showed that the increasing amount of metakaolin and limestone enhanced the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake, reaching 20.7% for the sample with a 45% cement replacement level at 27 d of carbonation. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of the samples was reduced up to 65% upon excessive incorporation of metakaolin and limestone. The samples with a replacement level of 15% exhibited a comparable strength and volume of permeable voids to those of the sample without substitution, proving that the ternary blend Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone can be a viable option toward the development of eco-friendly binders.
Preparation and characterization of carboxymethylchitosan (2005)

Chitosan was reacted with monochloroacetic acid at room temperature for different reaction times (3h, 5h, 7h and 10h) and employing two chitosan/monochloroacetic acid molar ratios (1:4.3 or 1:8.6). The carboxymethylation of chitosan was confirmed by ¹H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The carboxymethylchitosans had average degrees of substitution ranging from 0.52 to 1.44 as determined by potentiometric and conductimetric analysis. The occurrence of N,O-carboxymethylation was also observed in all cases.