gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Routing mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks based on the energy drain rate (2003)

Untethered nodes in mobile ad hoc networks strongly depend on the efficient use of their batteries. In this paper, we propose a new metric, the drain rate, to forecast the lifetime of nodes according to current traffic conditions. This metric is combined with the value of the remaining battery capacity to determine which nodes can be part of an active route. We describe new route selection mechanisms for MANET routing protocols, which we call the minimum drain rate (MDR) and the conditional minimum drain rate (CMDR). MDR extends nodal battery life and the duration of paths, while CMDR also minimizes the total transmission energy consumed per packet. Using the ns-2 simulator and the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, we compare MDR and CMDR against prior proposals for energy-aware routing and show that using the drain rate for energy-aware route selection offers superior performance results. Methods keywords are system design and simulations.
Mouse trp2, the homologue of the human trpc2 pseudogene, encodes mTrp2, a store depletion-activated capacitative Ca <sup>2+</sup> entry channel (1999)

Capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) is Ca2+ entering after stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation and initiation of Ca2+ store depletion. One hallmark of CCE is that it can also be triggered merely by store depletion, as occurs after inhibition of internal Ca2+ pumps with thapsigargin. Evidence has accumulated in support of a role of transient receptor potential (Trp) proteins as structural subunits of a class of Ca2+-permeable cation channels activated by agonists that stimulate IP3 formation-very likely through a direct interaction between the IP3 receptor and a Trp subunit of the Ca2+ entry channel. The role of Trp's in Ca2+ entry triggered by store depletion alone is less clear. Only a few of the cloned Trp's appear to enhance this type of Ca2+ entry, and when they do, the effect requires special conditions to be observed, which native CCE does not. Here we report the full-length cDNA of mouse trp2, the homologue of the human trp2 pseudogene. Mouse Trp2 is shown to be readily activated not only after stimulation with an agonist but also by store depletion in the absence of an agonist. In contrast to other Trp proteins, Trp2-mediated Ca2+ entry activated by store depletion is seen under the same conditions that reveal endogenous store depletion-activated Ca2+ entry, i.e., classical CCE. The findings support the general hypothesis that Trp proteins are subunits of store- and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.
Reduction of Contact Resistivity between Al Alloy Layer and Indium Tin Oxide Layer by Fluorine Plasma Treatment (2002)

The effect of fluorine plasma treatment on an aluminum and neodymium alloy (Al–Nd) layer has been studied. The fluorine plasma replaces Al–O bonds with Al–F bonds on the surface of Al–Nd. The layer of Al–F bonds is preserved even if an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is deposited on it. This layer prohibits the interfacial reaction from producing an AlOx layer between ITO and Al–Nd. The contact resistivity between ITO and Al–Nd is reduced to about 100 µΩ·cm2 by this fluorine plasma treatment.
Selection Indexes to Modify Protein Concentration of Soybean Seeds<sup>1</sup> (1984)

The purpose of this study was t~a investigate the effectiveness of selection based upon selection indexes to modify protein concentration of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. Selection criteria were compared by evaluating F 4 performance of F 2‐ derived lines identified in the F 3 as being in the upper 10% of the population. Smith‐Hazel indexes designed to maximize the gain in protein by including oil or oil and sugar as secondary traits were not more effective than direct selection, which resuited in changes of 1.42% protein and −1.14% oil. Smith‐Hazel indexes which gave protein and oil equal economic weights, either including or not including sugar as a secondary trait, and a desired gains index with desired gains set at 1.0% protein and 0.25% oil were all similar in results to selection based on the sum of protein + oil. Among these methods, changes ranged from 0.15 to 0.31% for protein anti from −0.01 to 0.19% for oil. An index designed to change protein by 1.25% and oil by −0.75% produced observed changes of 1.31 and −0.81%. An index designed to increase protein as much as possible while holding oil constant resulted in changes of 0.45% protein and −0.13% oil. This index was more effective than selection for protein following culling oil at the mean, which resulted in little change for either trait.
ANEMIA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE MORE THAN AN EXTRAINTESTINAL COMPLICATION. (2016)

The most common hematologic complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease is anemia. Anemia in patients with IBD may be a result of iron, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency; anemia of chronic disease and hemolytic anemia are other causes in these patients. Factors contributing to the development of anemia include chronic gastrointestinal blood loss, vitamin B12 malabsorption secondary to terminal ileitis, folate deficiency as a result of sulfasalazine therapy. Approximately 30% of patients with IBD have hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl. The risk of developing anemia relates to disease activity, given that blood loss and inflammatory anemia are triggered by intestinal inflammation. In the management strategy of IBD patients with anemia it is important to distinguish between the different types of anemia in order to decide an appropriate manner of treatment.
Geometry Calibration Of Distributed Microphone Arrays Exploiting Audio-Visual Correspondences (2014)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lisbon, Portugal, 2014
Verbascosid und Isoverbascosid aus Paulownia tomentosa Steud. / Verbascoside and Isoverbascoside from Paulownia Tomentosa Steud (1982)

The structure of verbascoside and isoverbascoside, isolated from the leaves of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. have been determined by NMR spectroscopy and partially hydrolysis to be β-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-a-1-rhamnosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-0-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside (1) and β-(3.4-dihydroxypehenyl)ethyl-O-a-L-rhamnosyl(1→3)-β-D-(6-O-caffeoyl)- glucopyranoside (2)
Photoplethysmography: Beyond the Calculation of Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate (2007)

In this article, I examine the source of the photoplethysmograph (PPG), as well as methods of investigation, with an emphasize on amplitude, rhythm, and pulse analysis. The PPG waveform was first described in the 1930s. Although considered an interesting ancillary monitor, the "pulse waveform" never underwent intensive investigation. Its importance in clinical medicine was greatly increased with the introduction of the pulse oximeter into routine clinical care in the 1980s. Its waveform is now commonly displayed in the clinical setting. Active research efforts are beginning to demonstrate a utility beyond oxygen saturation and heart rate determination. Future trends are being heavily influenced by modern digital signal processing, which is allowing a re-examination of this ubiquitous waveform. Key to unlocking the potential of this waveform is an unfettered access to the raw signal, combined with standardization of its presentation, and methods of analysis. In the long run, we need to learn how to consistently quantify the characteristics of the PPG in such a way as to allow the results from research efforts be translated into clinically useful devices.
Dose-Related Effects of Smallpox Vaccine (2002)

The vaccinia virus vaccine (which was produced in 1982 or earlier) still has substantial potency when administered by a bifurcated needle to previously unvaccinated adults. Diluting the vaccine reduces the rate of successful vaccination. The development of vesicular skin lesions after vaccination correlates with the induction of the antibody and T-cell responses that are considered essential for clearing vaccinia virus infections.
High-speed picosecond optical pulse compression from gain-switched 1.3-µm distributed feedback-laser diode (DFB-LD) through highly dispersive single-mode fiber (1987)

Picosecond optical pulse compression characteristics of chirped pulses from gain-switched distributed feedback-laser diodes (DFB-LD) transmitting through highly dispersive media are studied theoretically and experimentally. It is clarified theoretically that gain-switched chirped pulses can be compressed to about a 0.7-time bandwidth product by normal dispersion of the dispersive media and that the optimum dispersion value to obtain a minimum compressed pulse is proportional to the square of original pulsewidth. Through a dispersion, shifted single-mode fiber with -48-ps/nm normal dispersion at a 1.3-μm wavelength, gain-switched 30-ps (FWHM) pulses from a directly modulated 1.3-μm DFB-LD at a 4.4-GHz repetition rate have been successfully compressed to 6.4-ps optical pulses with a 0.86-time bandwidth product. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.
224-Gb/s PDM-16-QAM Modulator and Receiver based on Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits (2013)

We demonstrate a coherent modulator and a receiver based on monolithically-integrated silicon photonic circuits, capable of modulating and detecting 224-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed 16-QAM. The high-degree photonic integration promises small-form-factor and low-power transceivers for future coherent systems.
Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus Strains by Analysis of Short Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms (2001)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains display genetic polymorphisms, and these polymorphisms can be analyzed to study viral transmission and pathogenesis. Recently, short tandem repeat (STR) length polymorphisms have been identified in the HCMV genome. We assessed the utility of STRs in characterizing HCMV strains and found that a multiplexed PCR assay using primers based upon these STRs accurately maps HCMV strains. Using primers for 10 microsatellite regions, the STR profiles of 44 wild-type and 2 laboratory strains of HCMV were characterized. The results of STR analysis were compared with those for strain characterization using nucleotide sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In each instance, STR analysis accurately and specifically identified strains that were indistinguishable or distinct by conventional molecular analysis. Analysis of short tandem repeats also detected polymorphisms that supported simultaneous excretion of two HCMV strains. These results indicate that STR analysis allows rapid, precise molecular characterization of HCMV strains.
Study of the Anodization of Niobium and Tantalum Superimposed Layers by 18O Tracing Techniques and Nuclear Microanalysis: II . Discussion (1983)

We have analyzed the cations (Nb and Ta) and oxygen profiles as a function of oxide growth conditions during the oxidation of Nb/Ta superimposed layers. Two approaches (i) and (ii) are considered which can explain the partial inversion of the order of cations and of oxygen atoms. These are based on the leading role of (i) differences in movement probabilities of Nb and Ta ions and between the oxygen ions bound to them, and (ii) differences in ionic conductivities between and . It was shown that the evolution of 18O and Nb profiles as a function of oxidation potential is different following (i) or (ii) mechanisms. Experimental data are in disagreement with (ii) and strongly suggest that (i) is valid, as it is possible to describe qualitatively our results despite the fact that, in this case, the analysis is based on an extreme assumption: the Ta oxide network is preserved and, moreover, a full random distribution of Nb and Ta cations in the oxide mixture is assumed.
Defocus Measurement Using A Liquid Crystal Point Diffraction Interferometer (1994)

A liquid crystal phase-stepped point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI) has been developed to measure optical wavefronts[1]. A locally generated reference beam is generated by diffraction from a microsphere embedded in a thin liquid crystal layer. Phase shifting is achieved by applying a voltage across the birefringent liquid crystals to shift the phase of the object beam without affecting the reference beam. The intended application for this instrument is the measurement of phase objects, such as optical elements and slowly varying fluids.
Cardiotoxicity of Non-Cardiovascular Drugs (2010)

Preface. List of Contributors. Abbreviations. . 1. Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cell Injury and Cardiotoxicity (Fabio Di Lisa, Martina Semenzato, Andrea Carpi, Sara Menazza, Nina Kaludercic, Roberta Menabo, Marcella Canton). 2. Cardiovascular Liabilities of Drugs: Regulatory Aspects (Claudio Arrigoni). 3. Cellular Mechanisms, Molecular Targets, and Structure-Function Relationships In Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: The Case Of Antihistamines, Psychoactive Drugs, and Antimicrobial Agents (Maria Virginia Soldovieri and Maurizio Taglialatela). 4. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Antitumor Drugs: Dimensions of the Problem in Children (Rebecca Scully, Louis Pruitt, Steven E. Lipshultz). 5. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Antitumor Drugs: Dimension of the Problem in Adult Settings (Joseph R. Carver and Chaitali J. Desai). 6. Diagnostic Aspects of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Antitumor Drugs (Michael S. Ewer, Thomas M. Suter). 7. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Antitumor Drugs: Translating Molecular Mechanisms into Clinical Facts (Pierantonio Menna, Emanuela Salvatorelli, Carlo Salsano, Luca Gianni, and Giorgio Minotti). 8. NSAID Action and the Foundations for Cardiovascular Toxicity (Anna L. Blobaum and Lawrence J. Marnett). 9. Cardiovascular toxicities of NSAIDS: Epidemiologic aspects (Antonio Gonzalez-Perez, Luis Alberto Garcia Rodriguez). 10. Cardiovascular Toxicities of Life-Saving Drugs: Antiviral Therapy (James J. Kohler & William Lewis). Index.
Notch signaling in mammalian hair cell regeneration. (2013)

In the inner ear, Notch signaling has been shown to have two key developmental roles. The first occurs early in otic development and defines the prosensory domains that will develop into the six sensory organs of the inner ear. The second role occurs later in development and establishes the mosaic-like pattern of the mechanosensory hair cells and their surrounding support cells through the more well-characterized process of lateral inhibition. These dual developmental roles have inspired several different strategies to regenerate hair cells in the mature inner ear organs. These strategies include (1) modulation of Notch signaling in inner ear stem cells in order to increase hair cell yield, (2) activation of Notch signaling in order to promote the formation of ectopic sensory regions in normally non-sensory regions within the inner ear, and (3) inhibition of Notch signaling to disrupt lateral inhibition and allow support cells to transdifferentiate into hair cells. In this review, we summarize some of the promising studies that have used these various strategies for hair cell regeneration through modulation of Notch signaling and some of the challenges that remain in developing therapies based on hair cell regeneration.
Early amniocentesis: a cytogenetic evaluation. (1989)

We investigated the use of amniocentesis performed at eight to 14 weeks' gestation as a possible alternative to chorionic villus sampling.
Effect of green tea on blood glucose levels and serum proteomic patterns in diabetic (db/db) mice and on glucose metabolism in healthy humans (2004)

The present study provides evidence that green tea has an antidiabetic effect. Although we could not find simple reversed effect of green tea on the diabetes-induced modifications of the levels of several serum proteins, we found that the 4211 (4212) Da protein level that was decreased in the diabetic state was further decreased after green tea administration. This is the first report demonstrating that a certain serum protein may be involved in the antihyperglycemic effect of green tea. The contribution of this protein should be further studied.
Prostate Cancer: Sextant Localization with MR Imaging, MR Spectroscopy, and<sup>11</sup>C-Choline PET/CT (2007)

In localizing cancer within the prostate, comparable specificity was obtained with either 3D MR spectroscopy and MR imaging or PET/CT; however, PET/CT had lower sensitivity relative to 3D MR spectroscopy alone or combined with MR imaging.
Simulation-Based Comparison of Optimized AC Coils Using Small Diameter Copper and Aluminum Microchannel Tubes (2012)

Demands for higher energy efficiencies in both residential and commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems have resulted in a trend toward heat exchanger designs that are more compact with higher capacities for heat transfer. Traditional copper tube/aluminum fin coil manufacturing technology remains prevalent throughout the industry and, when modified for smaller diameter copper tubes of 5mm or less, significant improvements in heat transfer can be achieved. When coupled with internal enhancements to the copper tubes such as microgrooves, coil designs can be smaller, more efficient and less costly. Using a commercially available heat exchanger design and simulation software and CFD modeling, this paper compares optimized 3-ton air conditioning condenser coils manufactured with small-diameter internally enhanced copper tubes against condensers with aluminum microchannel tubes. Simulated operating conditions are held constant, including refrigerant inlet pressure and temperature, as well as air flow rate and inlet temperature. Comparisons of material consumption, refrigerant charge, volume, and heat transfer performance are demonstrated. It was found that using internally enhanced copper tubes with a diameter of 5mm, condenser coils can be designed to operate with less refrigerant charge and have the potential to be lighter and more compact than commercially available, optimized aluminum coil designs with microchannel tubes.
Model Learning with Local Gaussian Process Regression (2009)

Precise models of robot inverse dynamics allow the design of significantly more accurate, energy-efficient and compliant robot control. However, in some cases the accuracy of rigid-body models does not suffice for sound control performance due to unmodeled nonlinearities arising from hydraulic cable dynamics, complex friction or actuator dynamics. In such cases, estimating the inverse dynamics model from measured data poses an interesting alternative. Nonparametric regression methods, such as Gaussian process regression (GPR) or locally weighted projection regression (LWPR), are not as restrictive as parametric models and, thus, offer a more flexible framework for approximating unknown nonlinearities. In this paper, we propose a local approximation to the standard GPR, called local GPR (LGP), for real-time model online learning by combining the strengths of both regression methods, i.e., the high accuracy of GPR and the fast speed of LWPR. The approach is shown to have competitive learning performance for high-dimensional data while being sufficiently fast for real-time learning. The effectiveness of LGP is exhibited by a comparison with the state-of-the-art regression techniques, such as GPR, LWPR and ν-support vector regression. The applicability of the proposed LGP method is demonstrated by real-time online learning of the inverse dynamics model for robot model-based control on a Barrett WAM robot arm.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of 3H‐l(H),4(H)‐Benzodiazepin‐2,5‐diones. (1986)

Abstract Die Anhydride (I) reagieren mit den Aminosäuren (II) in Essigsäure unter Decarboxylierung zu den Titelverbindungen (III).
Dinuclear manganese alkoxide complexes as catalysts for C–N bond cleavage of simple tertiary <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dialkylamides to give esters (2019)

Amide bonds are stable due to the resonance between the nitrogen lone pair and the carbonyl moiety, and therefore the chemical transformation of amides, especially tertiary amides, involving C-N bond fission is considered one of the most difficult organic reactions, unavoidably requiring harsh reaction conditions and strong acids or bases. We report the catalytic C-N bond cleavage of simple tertiary <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dialkylamides to give corresponding esters using a catalyst system (2 mol% based on Mn atoms) of a tetranuclear manganese alkoxide, [Mn(acac)(OEt)(EtOH)]<sub>4</sub> (<b>1c</b>), combined with four equivalents of 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10-phenanthroline (<b>L1</b>: Me<sub>2</sub>N-Phen). Regarding the reaction mechanism, we isolated a dinuclear manganese complex, [Mn(acac)(OEt)(Phen)]<sub>2</sub> (<b>6c</b>), which was revealed as the catalytically active species for the esterification of tertiary amides.
La gestión de lo común y para el bien común desde las aulas (2014)

La ensenanza universitaria fruto de la investigacion del profesorado, enriquecida con la participacion del alumnado, debe servir para realizar una reflexion de cuanto acontece fuera y dentro de las Aulas, para que los alumnos crezcan como expertos profesionales pero tambien como ciudadanos comprometidos con el servicio al bien comun desde el saber y la etica. De ahi que nuestra Red a traves de sus distintas disciplinas (Derecho Constitucional, Derecho Administrativo, Ciencia politica y de la Administracion, Economia y Derecho mercantil) inculque los valores de dignidad humana, justicia social, sostenibilidad ecologica, asi como democracia participativa y transparente, concretada, entre otras, en la llamada gobernanza, es decir, el gobierno entre todos para hacer frente a la grave situacion que padece nuestra sociedad, y en general, la civilizacion industrial occidental. De esta manera se establecen las bases de la gestion para el bien comun y no para la escasez, pues pone el acento en el reparto y buen aprovechamiento de los recursos, en la interiorizacion de las externalidades sociales y ambientales, y en la oportuna gestion de los bienes comunes como bienes basicos de todos y para todos. Asimismo debe establecerse previamente un proyecto economico y social que guie a las anteriores estrategias.