gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-translational Modification of Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase as a Requirement for Functional Complementation of a Yeast Transport Mutant (2002)

Many heterologous membrane proteins expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fail to reach their normal cellular location and instead accumulate in stacked internal membranes. Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2) is expressed predominantly in yeast internal membranes and fails to complement a yeast strain devoid of its endogenous H(+)-ATPase Pma1. We observed that phosphorylation of AHA2 in the heterologous host and subsequent binding of 14-3-3 protein is crucial for the ability of AHA2 to substitute for Pma1. Thus, mutants of AHA2, complementing pma1, showed increased phosphorylation at the penultimate residue (Thr(947)), which creates a binding site for endogenous 14-3-3 protein. Only a pool of ATPase in the plasma membrane is phosphorylated. Double mutants carrying in addition a T947A substitution lost their ability to complement pma1. However, mutants affected in both autoinhibitory regions of the C-terminal regulatory domain complemented pma1 irrespective of their ability to become phosphorylated at Thr(947). This demonstrates that it is the activity status of the mutant enzyme and neither redirection of trafficking nor 14-3-3 binding per se that determines the ability of H(+)-pumps to rescue pma1.
Neuronal Coherence as a Mechanism of Effective Corticospinal Interaction (2005)

Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.
Determination of Capacitances and Conductances of the Constituent Phases from Dielectric Observations on Terlamellar Composite Systems (1990)

A method of numerical calculation was proposed to derive the electrical capacitances and conductances of three constituent phases from observed dielectric parameters characteristic of the double relaxation pattern exhibited by a terlamellar composite system. Secondly, numerical estimation was carried out on the errors of capacitances and conductances of the constituent phases arising from misestimation of the observed dielectric parameters. Finally, dielectric measurements were made on a composite system where a Teflon film was sandwiched between two aqueous solutions. Reasonable values of the capacitances and the conductances of the three constituent phases were obtained by applying the method proposed. The present method may be of use for the evaluation of material separation films.
Investigations of the Reaction Mechanisms of 1,2-Indanediones with Amino Acids (2001)

The reaction mechanisms of amino acids with a new class of fluorogenic reagents were investigated. The structures of colored and fluorescent species formed in these reactions were partially confirmed by experimental evidence. Reaction intermediates, C-N-C 1,3-dipoles derived from imines, were trapped with dipolarophiles in 3 + 2 cycloadditions to form spiropyrrolidines.
Synthesis of an oxetane‐functionalized hemispiroorthocarbonate used as a low‐shrinkage additive in the cationic ultraviolet curing of oxetane monomers (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of an hemispiroorthocarbonate functionalized with an oxetane group is reported. The obtained monomer was used as a slow shrinkable additive in the cationic ultraviolet curing of a commercially available dioxetane resin. We evidenced polymer network flexibilization by increasing the oxetane‐functionalized hemispiroorthocarbonate content in the photocurable formulation. It was demonstrated that spiroorthocarbonate acted as a shrinkage reduction additive and reached expansion on volume after polymerization in the presence of 50 wt % of the functionalized spiroorthocarbonate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
White-light moire phase-measuring interferometry (1991)

Moire is a common technique for contouring large scale features on diffuse surfaces. Typically, this is accomplished by projecting a high-frequency line grating onto the object and viewing its image through another high-frequency line grating. The resultant pattern, produced by aliasing between the two gratings, shows lines of surface contour. The surface height between these contour lines is determined by triangulation between the illumination and observation beams. Although moire is really a geometric ray technique, it is typically referred to as interferometry because its contour patterns resemble interferograms; Moire contouring can be classified as either shadow or projection moire. Shadow moire uses the same grating for both illumination and observation, while projection moire uses separated gratings. Another surface contouring technique is projected fringe. This approach is similar to moire in that it projects a line grating and uses triangulation to measure surface height, however, there is no second grating or aliasing. Rather, the projected pattern is.viewed directly. Although it is not really moire (because it does not use aliasing with a second grating), projected fringe is typically considered a moire technique. This paper has four parts. First, it reviews the theory behind moire contouring. Second, it outlines how to phase modulate a moire 'interferogram'. Third, it discusses practical considerations associated with performing moire contouring such as projection and observation geometry, imaging, and illumination. And fourth, it presents two examples of objects that were contoured using a white-light moire phase-measuring interferometer.
CD40 is a functional activation antigen and B7-independent T cell costimulatory molecule on normal human lung fibroblasts (1997)

CD40 is an important signaling and activation Ag found on certain bone marrow-derived cells. Recently, CD40 also has been shown to be expressed by mesenchymal cells, including human fibroblasts. Little is known about the role of CD40 in fibroblasts. The current study investigates the hypothesis that CD40 expressed on lung fibroblasts is an activation structure and mechanism for interaction with hemopoietic cells. Communication between resident tissue fibroblasts and T cells is necessary for normal wound healing, and can be pathologic, resulting in tissue fibrosis. Signaling through CD40 with soluble CD40 ligand stimulated fibroblast activation, as evidenced by mobilization of nuclear factor-kappaB and by induction of the proinflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. IFN-gamma-primed lung fibroblasts costimulate T lymphocyte proliferation utilizing CD40, but not the well-studied costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2. Data reported herein support the hypothesis that cognate interactions between tissue fibroblasts and infiltrating T lymphocytes, via the CD40/CD40L pathway, augment inflammation and may promote fibrogenesis by activating both cell types.
Introduction Hwæt! (2010)

In his Thinking about Beowulf (1994), James W. Earl confesses that: ■ I no longer trust those who say they know what Beowulf means, or even what it is about. The poem is hedged about with so many uncertainties — historical, textual, linguistic, hermeneutic [interpretive or explanatory] — that even the simplest and most straightforward statements can provoke a battle royal among scholars […] Thus the analysis of the poem is endless.1 ◽
Discovering genetic ancestry using spectral graph theory (2009)

As one approach to uncovering the genetic underpinnings of complex disease, individuals are measured at a large number of genetic variants (usually SNPs) across the genome and these SNP genotypes are assessed for association with disease status. We propose a new statistical method called Spectral-GEM for the analysis of genome-wide association studies; the goal of Spectral-GEM is to quantify the ancestry of the sample from such genotypic data. Ignoring structure due to differential ancestry can lead to an excess of spurious findings and reduce power. Ancestry is commonly estimated using the eigenvectors derived from principal component analysis (PCA). To develop an alternative to PCA we draw on connections between multidimensional scaling and spectral graph theory. Our approach, based on a spectral embedding derived from the normalized Laplacian of a graph, can produce more meaningful delineation of ancestry than by using PCA. Often the results from Spectral-GEM are straightforward to interpret and therefore useful in association analysis. We illustrate the new algorithm with an analysis of the POPRES data [Nelson et al., 2008].
Microcolumn Separations and the Analysis of Single Cells (1989)

Capillary zone electrophoresis and open tubular liquid chromatography are two examples of an emerging area of analytical instrumentation known as microcolumn separations. The high resolution and small sample requirements of these methods make them suitable for the quantitative, multicomponent chemical analysis of single cells. Appropriate instrumentation for the analysis of nanoliter and subnanoliter samples is discussed. Data from the analysis of individual neurons are presented, including amino acid and neurotransmitter content.
Purification and properties of thermostable xylanase from Talaromyces byssochlamydoides YH-50. (1981)

Thermostable xylanase from Talaromyces byssochlamydoides YH-50 was fractionated into three components, tentatively named X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II during the purification steps. X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II were further purified by consecutive column chromatographies until found to be in homogeneous states on disc electrophoresis. X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II contained 36.6%, 31.5% and 14.2% carbohydrate residues, respectively. The carbohydrate residues were glucose, mannose and fucose. X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II were optimally active at 7075°C and pH 4.55.5. X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II retained 65, 54 and 30%, respectively, of the original activity after heating at 95°C for 5 min. The activities of X-a, X-b-I and X-b-II were considerably inhibited by HgCl2 and KMnO4. The hydrolysis products from xylan with X-a were xylose, arabinose, glucose, xylobiose and other xylooligosaccharides, whereas the hydrolysis products from xylan with X-b-I and X-b-II were xylose and xylobiose.
Control of Protein Adsorption:  Molecular Level Structural and Spatial Variables (2004)

The adsorption of fibrinogen (Fb) and bovine serum albumin onto polycrystalline Au coated with HS(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)5CH3 was determined by surface plasmon resonance from bare Au (0% coverage) to the complete ( approximately 100% coverage) self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Both proteins exhibit similar adsorption curves with common onset ( approximately 60% coverage) and range ( approximately 60% to 80% coverage) of minimal protein adsorption. Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopic data show that widespread order is not present in the films over this range of coverage, indicating loosely packed, bound oligomers that are uniformly distributed and fully screen the underlying substrate. On the basis of our data, we propose a mechanism of protein rejection by oligo(ethylene oxide) (OEO)-modified surfaces in terms of changes in free energy (DeltaGsystem; system = protein + surface) due to oligomer conformational constriction over an area greater than the contact area. Minimal protein adsorption corresponds to the maximum DeltaGsystem for a given compression. This controlled study of protein adsorption provides insights into the molecular level understanding of protein adsorption unavailable from previous polymer and comparative SAM studies.
De Novo Asymmetric Bio- and Chemocatalytic Synthesis of Saccharides − Stereoselective Formal <i>O</i>-Glycoside Bond Formation Using Palladium Catalysis (2003)

A novel integrated bio- and chemocatalytic approach to the de novo catalytic asymmetric synthesis of saccharides has been developed. Acetoxypyranones obtained enantiopure by enzymatic resolution have been shown to undergo highly stereoselective palladium-catalyzed formal O-glycoside bond formation. The combination of these protocols can be applied to the iterative asymmetric catalytic synthesis of saccharides.
Editorial: Telomeres and Epigenetics in Endocrinology (2019)

EDITORIAL article Front. Endocrinol., 24 April 2019Sec. Endocrinology of Aging Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00257
Serum uric acid and the risk for hypertension and Type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: The Osaka Health Survey (2001)

Serum uric acid level was associated with an increased risk for hypertension but not for Type 2 diabetes.
Mask topography effects in projection printing of phase-shifting masks (1994)

Topography effects of glass edges in phase-shifting masks (PSM's) on image quality are assessed using the rigorous electromagnetic simulation program TEMPEST on three different optical systems for four PSM technologies including alternating, rim, attenuated, and chromeless. The scalar and thin mask approximations used in simulation programs such as SPLAT can be in error by as much as 20% for certain classes of shifter edges. A feature size independent bias of 0.021 /spl lambda//NA per edge is recommended for alternating masks with vertical edges because light is lost near the etched glass edges. No direct electromagnetic interaction between chromium edges and shifter edges was found for rim phase-shifting masks. The rim dimension can thus be designed solely on the basis of the sidelobe level and peak intensity. For attenuated PSM, edge effects are less severe but sidelobe problems occur. For a center to sidelobe contrast of 0.6 over a DOF of 3 RU, a lower transmission of 4% is recommended. For chromeless PSM, the imbalance in image peaks is shown to be affected by the optical stepper parameters. In any PSM technology, it appears that a 360/spl deg/ glass protrusion may produce a drastic drop in intensity due to resonant effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Arrhenius conduction due to the interface-trap-induced disorder in X-doped amorphous In-X-Zn oxides thin-film transistors (2015)

Thin film transistors, with channels composed of In-X-Zn oxides, IXZO, with X dopants: Ga, Sb, Be, Mg, Ag, Ca, Al, Ni, and Cu, were fabricated and their I-V characteristics were taken at selected temperatures in the 77 K < T < 300 K range. The low field mobility, μ, and the interface defect density, NST, were extracted from the characteristics for each of the studied IXZOs. At higher T, the mobility follows the Arrhenius law with an upward distortion, increasing as T is lowered, gradually transforming into the exp [-(T0/T)1/4] variation. We showed that μ(T, NST) follows μ0 exp[-Eaeff(T,NST)/kT], with T-dependent effective activation energy Eaeff(T, NST) accounts for the data, revealing a linear correlation between Eaeff and NST at higher T. Temperature variation of Eaeff(T, NST) was evaluated using a model assuming a random distribution of conduction mobility edge Ec values in the oxides, stemming from spatial fluctuations induced by disorder in the interface traps distribution. For a Gaussian distribution of Ec, the activation energy Eaeff(T, NST) varies linearly with 1/T, which accounts satisfactorily for the data obtained on all the studied IXZOs. The model also shows that Eaeff(T, NST) is a linear function of NST at a fixed T, which explains the exponential decrease of μ with NST.
Anti-tumor Promoting Effect of Glycosides from Prunus persica Seeds. (2003)

Four minor components, along with the major cyanogenic glycosides, amygdalin and prunasin, were isolated from Prunus persica seeds (Persicae Semen; Tounin), and characterized as mandelic acid glycosides (beta-gentiobioside and beta-D-glucoside) and benzyl alcohol glycosides (beta-gentiobioside and beta-D-glucoside). The anti-tumor promoting activity of these compounds was examined in both in vitro and in vivo assays. All of the compounds significantly inhibited the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation induced by tumor promoter. In addition, they produced a delay of two-stage carcinogenesis on mouse skin that was comparable in potency to (-)-epigallocatechin gallate from green tea. Structure-activity relationships indicated that a substituent at the benzylic position with glycosidic linkage affected the in vitro and in vivo activities with an order of enhancing potency, CN<COOH<H.
Evaluation of the Structured Bloom Filters Based on Similarity (2011)

The Bloom filter is a data structure which the characteristics of contents is expressed by a bit pattern. The Bloom filter has become attractive as one of the methods of looking up data in the distributed system. Since two or more keywords can be used in the method based on the Bloom filter, it is more flexible than the distributed hash table (DHT). Especially, the key aspect of the structured Bloom filter is that the number of query forwarding is fixed. In the previous research, the ring of the Bloom filter, which is like Chord ring, was proposed. However, the node in the ring must maintain many filters corresponding to the number of nodes. In this paper, we propose the tree structured Bloom filter and evaluated the performance of the query forwarding. We also propose similarity-based tree management method which is effective to reduce the cost of reconstruction of the tree. To evaluate our method, the size of filter information and the number of average hops of query forwarding in this research are compared to the existing research. The tree reconstruction cost is also evaluated by simulation.
Die Hydrothermalsynthese faseriger Amphibole und die Untersuchung einiger ihrer Eigenschaften (1968)

Abstract In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese faseriger Silikate nach dem hydrothermalen Verfahren dargestellt. Die optimalen Bedingungen für die Kristallisation faseriger Amphibole wurden ermittelt. Der Einfluß einiger Faktoren (Alkalikonzentration und Verdünnungsgrad der Ausgangsgemische) auf den Charakter der faserigen Kristallisationsprodukte wurde festgestellt. Die gezüchteten Amphibole wurden mit Hilfe chemischer, mikroskopischer, röntgenographischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Methoden identifiziert.
Synthesis and Practical Use of <i>1H</i> ‐1,2,3‐Benzotriazole‐5‐carboxaldehyde for Reductive Amination (2005)

A reliable synthetic procedure to obtain multigram quantities of 1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole‐5‐carboxaldehyde has been developed. This material can be used in reductive amination reactions with primary and secondary amines to provide good to excellent yields of the desired products without protection of the starting material.
Magnetic Nanotubes for Magnetic-Field-Assisted Bioseparation, Biointeraction, and Drug Delivery (2005)

Tubular structure of nanoparticles is highly attractive due to their structural attributes, such as the distinctive inner and outer surfaces, over conventional spherical nanoparticles. Inner voids can be used for capturing, concentrating, and releasing species ranging in size from large proteins to small molecules. Distinctive outer surfaces can be differentially functionalized with environment-friendly and/or probe molecules to a specific target. Magnetic particles have been extensively studied in the field of biomedical and biotechnological applications, including drug delivery, biosensors, chemical and biochemical separation and concentration of trace amounts of specific targets, and contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, by combining the attractive tubular structure with magnetic property, the magnetic nanotube (MNT) can be an ideal candidate for the multifunctional nanomaterial toward biomedical applications, such as targeting drug delivery with MRI capability. Here, we successfully synthesized magnetic silica-iron oxide composite nanotubes and demonstrated the magnetic-field-assisted chemical and biochemical separations, immunobinding, and drug delivery.
A study on the comparability of SCID-II and PDQ-4 (2008)

Objective To study the comparability of two personality diagnostic instruments(SCID-Ⅱ and PDQ-4)in psychiatric patients. Methods One hundred and twelve mental disorder patients were investigated with the SCID-Ⅱ and PDQ-4. Results 1)Significant differences were found between groups(dividing by total scores on PDQ-4)by means of SCID-Ⅱ interviews(P＜0. 0 1). 2)Categorical personality disorder(PD)groups by means of SCID-Ⅱ interviews had hisher scores on PDQ-4 than their related non-PD groups. 3)For agreement on categorical diagnoses between SCID-Ⅱ and PDQ-4, the correlation coefficients varied from 0. 17 to 0. 57. Except for antisocial PD(r=0. 57), the others had poor-fair coefficients, as r＜0. 50. Conclusions In general, there is some correlation between SCID-Ⅱ and PDQ-4. Low agreement between PDQ-4 and SCID-Ⅱ is observed for categorical PD evaluations. Thus, PDQ-4 can't be a substitute tool for SCID-Ⅱ. 

Key words: 
Mental health;  Personality disorder;  SCID-Ⅱ 2.0;  PDQ-4
<title>Effect of water content on UV and IR hard tissue ablation</title> (1995)

The effect of water content on ablation rates in hard tissue is considered. Two wavelength regimes and two types of tissue (dentin and bone) are compared. In the UV (XeCl excimer at 308 nm) the ablation rate is lower in dehydrated dentin than in fresh dentin. In dehydrated dentin the ablation rates at 2.5 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 7.0 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> are 0.6 and 0.8 micrometers /pulse, respectively. In fresh dentin the rates are nearly three times as large. A logarithmic increase is indicated. Dentin ablation with the IR (Ho:YAG, 2.1 micrometers ) showed a similar trend to that of dentin XeCl ablation: fresh samples ablated faster then dehydrated samples. Ablation rates are considerably higher in this case and range, from 1.7 micrometers /p at 20 mJ/p to 21.5 micrometers /p near 230 mJ/p in dehydrated dentin. In fresh samples for the same energy range the ablation rates were 5.1 to 213 micrometers /pulse. This effect was reversed in cortical bone. Here ablation rates of dehydrated bone were higher than those of fresh bone. In fresh bone, ablation rates ranged from 1 micrometers /p at 50 mJ to 48 micrometers /p near 300 mJ/p and in dehydrated bone from 7 micrometers /p at 30 mJ to 68 micrometers /p near 280 mJ/p. Possible explanation of these observations are discussed.
Improved preparation and physical studies of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules (2000)

An improved method for the preparation of alkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules is proposed that involves the intermediate synthesis of a well defined adduct of a single monomer unit to an ethanol molecule. It leads to thinner capsule walls and, generally, to a more reproducible capsule structure. The chemical composition of the intermediate organic phase has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The morphology and size of resulting structures is analysed, applying analytical ultracentrifugation and light microscopic particle tracking. The sizes of capsules prepared in the described manner depend on the concentrations of the oil and the monomer components, as is shown by the results of a set of experiments following a simple factorial design.