gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of Melanogenesis by the Citrus Flavonoid Naringenin in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells (2006)

Naringenin is a naturally occurring citrus flavanone. In this study, we examined the effect of naringenin on melanogenesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells. Melanin contents and tyrosinase activities were strongly increased by naringenin. Naringenin was found to cause marked increases in the expression levels of melanogenic enzymes.
The Identification of Modal Resonances in Ferrite Loaded Waveguide Y-Junctions and Their Adjustment for Circulation (1972)

This paper reports on extensive eigenvalue measurements made on an X-band waveguide Y-junction containing different ferrite geometries. The frequency dependence of the eigenvalues is used to identify the principal field modes involved, to examine their sensitivities to various junction parameters, and to arrange their correct displacement for circulation. The knowledge gained from these measurements is used to explain the mode of operation of the partial height ferrite Y-junction circulator, and to introduce other novel configurations.
Flattening P Systems with Active Membranes (2013)

Given a P system with active membranes having several membranes, we construct a P system f having only one membrane and rules involving catalysts, cooperation and priorities.The evolution of this "flat" P system f simulates the evolution of initial P system with active membranes by replacing any rule that changes the configuration in by prioritized rules application in a configuration of f .
Control Requirements for Automatic Managed Pressure Drilling System (2010)

Summary Automatic control solutions for drilling are expected to become widely used in the future. Both basic and more advanced control tools are well established in other communities such as offshore processing facilities and oil refineries. Drilling systems, however, have traditionally been operated manually. There is a great economic potential for the introduction of automatic control providing reduced drilling time, increased regularity, and improved performance, especially for wells with very narrow pressure margins. One example of automated drilling is automatic control of the downhole pressure by topside choking in managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) operations. Narrow drilling margins, especially in depleted reservoirs, ask for highly accurate pressure control. Statoil applied automatic MPD successfully offshore at the Kvitebjørn field in the North Sea in 2007. This paper presents some MPD results from Kvitebjøm and discusses automatic control requirements for drilling operations. The requirements for MPD operations include a specified accuracy for a set of normal operations, such as rate changes and set point ramping during connections, surge and swab, and some failure operations, such as power loss, gas kicks, and blocked choke. The paper also includes some ideas for the future of intelligent-drilling operations with increasing automation.
Activity Descriptor Identification for Oxygen Reduction on Platinum-Based Bimetallic Nanoparticles: <i>In Situ</i> Observation of the Linear Composition–Strain–Activity Relationship (2015)

Despite recent progress in developing active and durable oxygen reduction catalysts with reduced Pt content, lack of elegant bottom-up synthesis procedures with knowledge over the control of atomic arrangement and morphology of the Pt-alloy catalysts still hinders fuel cell commercialization. To follow a less empirical synthesis path for improved Pt-based catalysts, it is essential to correlate catalytic performance to properties that can be easily controlled and measured experimentally. Herein, using Pt-Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with varying atomic composition as an example, we show that the atomic distribution of Pt-based bimetallic NPs under operating conditions is strongly dependent on the initial atomic ratio by employing microscopic and in situ spectroscopic techniques. The PtxCo/C NPs with high Co content possess a Co concentration gradient such that Co is concentrated in the core and gradually depletes in the near-surface region, whereas the PtxCo/C NPs with low Co content possess a relatively uniform distribution of Co with low Co population in the near-surface region. Despite their different atomic structure, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of PtxCo/C and Pt/C NPs is linearly related to the bulk average Pt-Pt bond length (RPt-Pt). The RPt-Pt is further shown to contract linearly with the increase in Co/Pt composition. These linear correlations together demonstrate that (i) the improved ORR activity of PtxCo/C NPs over pure Pt NPs originates predominantly from the compressive strain and (ii) the RPt-Pt is a valid strain descriptor that bridges the activity and atomic composition of Pt-based bimetallic NPs.
Oral (Drinking Water) Developmental Toxicity Study of Ammonium Perchlorate in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2003)

A developmental toxicity study was conducted with ammonium perchlorate (AP) in the drinking water at doses of 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 30.0 mg/kg-day beginning 14 days before cohabitation and continuing through sacrifice. Twenty-four rats/group were cesarean-sectioned on day of gestation (DG) 21 and fetuses examined for visceral and skeletal alterations. An additional 16 litters/group were sacrificed on DG 21 for maternal and fetal serum TSH, T(3), and T(4) (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) levels and thyroid histopathology. Clinical and necropsy observations, body weights, feed and water consumption, and cesarean-sectioning parameters were comparable among the groups with only delays in ossification observed in the 30 mg/kg-day group. Maternal thyroid weights were increased in the 30.0 mg/kg-day group. Decreased colloid was present in male and female fetal thyroids in the 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day groups. Maternal TSH was increased and T(4) was decreased at all levels, and T(3) was reduced at 30.0 mg/kg-day. Fetal TSH was increased at 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day, T(4) was reduced at 30.0 mg/kg-day, and T(3) was decreased at all levels. The maternal no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 1.0 mg/kg-day; exposures of 30.0 mg/kg-day increased absolute and relative maternal thyroid weights and histopathology findings. The developmental NOAEL was 1.0 mg/kg-day; developmental delays in ossification occurred in the 30.0 mg/kg-day group. The colloid depletion in the thyroids and increased TSH and decreased T(3) and T(4) levels at lower exposures were considered adaptive and not adverse. No adverse effects on development at occurred levels that did not cause maternal toxicity. AP is not a selective developmental toxicant.
Buyer beware? (2010)

Whether it's conducted electronically, through the post, or in person, fraud is nothing new. So let's make that our starting point. Of course, at some stage, fraud will get so bad that the banks will start to worry about it in earnest. At the moment, it looks like that's some way away, since – in the US, at least – fraud makes up less than 1% in card portfolios that have bad debt well in excess of 6%. It is pretty clear which area will be attracting the most management attention for the foreseeable future.
Endophytic Colonization of Potato ( <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) by a Novel Competent Bacterial Endophyte, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> Strain P9, and Its Effect on Associated Bacterial Communities (2009)

Pseudomonas putida strain P9 is a novel competent endophyte from potato. P9 causes cultivar-dependent suppression of Phytophthora infestans. Colonization of the rhizoplane and endosphere of potato plants by P9 and its rifampin-resistant derivative P9R was studied. The purposes of this work were to follow the fate of P9 inside growing potato plants and to establish its effect on associated microbial communities. The effects of P9 and P9R inoculation were studied in two separate experiments. The roots of transplants of three different cultivars of potato were dipped in suspensions of P9 or P9R cells, and the plants were planted in soil. The fate of both strains was followed by examining colony growth and by performing PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Colonies of both strains were recovered from rhizoplane and endosphere samples of all three cultivars at two growth stages. A conspicuous band, representing P9 and P9R, was found in all Pseudomonas PCR-DGGE fingerprints for treated plants. The numbers of P9R CFU and the P9R-specific band intensities for the different replicate samples were positively correlated, as determined by linear regression analysis. The effects of plant growth stage, genotype, and the presence of P9R on associated microbial communities were examined by multivariate and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analyses of PCR-DGGE fingerprints. The presence of strain P9R had an effect on bacterial groups identified as Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas veronii, and Pseudomonas syringae. In conclusion, strain P9 is an avid colonizer of potato plants, competing with microbial populations indigenous to the potato phytosphere. Bacterization with a biocontrol agent has an important and previously unexplored effect on plant-associated communities.
Effect of Microstructure of hBN Thin Films on the Nucleation of cBN Phase Deposited by RF UBM Sputtering System (2004)

Boron nitride thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate by RF (Radio-frequency) UBM (Unbalanced Magnetron) sputtering system. The effect of working pressure and substrate bias voltage on microstructure and compressive stress of boron nitride thin films has been investigated. In high working pressure, the alignment of hBN laminates increased with substrate bias voltage, in low working pressure, however, it was high in low substrate bias voltage. Compressive stress evolution and surface morphology of deposited BN films are closely related with the alignment of hBN laminates. The cBN phase without high compressive stress could be nucleated on hBN thin film by controlling the alignment of hBN laminates.
Introduction to Selective Functionalization of C−H Bonds (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction to Selective Functionalization of C−H BondsRobert H. CrabtreeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 2, 575Publication Date (Web):February 10, 2010Publication History Received30 November 2009Published online10 February 2010Published inissue 10 February 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900388dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900388deditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views11883Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (28 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Fossil fuels,Functionalization,Hydrocarbons,Metals,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Poor Sleep Quality in Persons Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018)

Aim: To review and meta-analyze poor sleep quality in persons living with HIV. Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we extracted information from studies about poor sleep quality in persons with HIV. Most studies adopted a cross-sectional design. Data were extracted on study details, eligibility, and results. Results: We identified seventeen papers from five of which we calculated effect sizes. There was evidence of a relationship between HIV and occurrence of poor sleep quality. However, further studies are needed on variables that affect sleep quality to clearly explain the differences between good and bad sleepers. Conclusion: This review has shown that people with HIV are vulnerable to poor sleep quality. The main factors related to this phenomenon are use of antiretroviral medications and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and stress.
Selectivity for Omega-Receptor Subtypes as a Strategy for the Development of Anxiolytic Drugs (1990)

The names omega 1-, omega 2-, and omega 3-receptor subtypes have recently been proposed to replace the nomenclature of BZ1, BZ2 and BZp receptors in order to avoid a nomenclature exclusively linked to the benzodiazepine (BZ) structure or to a regional localization. The multiplicity of pharmacological actions of currently available anxiolytics may be due to their lack of selectivity for omega-receptor subtypes. The idea that a receptor-subtype selective drug will offer a more specific therapeutic profile is widely accepted. In the field of preferential anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs, imidazopyridines represent a new chemical and therapeutic class possessing selectivity for omega-receptor subtypes. Of these, alpidem (6-chloro-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N,N-dipropylimid-azo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-acetamide) behaves preferentially as an anxiolytic drug in both animal models and man. Receptor-binding studies using alpidem either as a displacer or as a radioligand indicate that the compound has a high affinity for omega 1- and for omega 3- but not for omega 2-receptors. In the human brain, the binding of [3H]-alpidem to omega 1- and omega 3-receptors occurs with a Kd of 1.67 nM and 0.33 nM respectively. The binding of [3H]-alpidem to omega 1-receptors in the rat cerebral cortex with a Kd of 1.5 nM is enhanced by GABA, and in contrast to anxiolytics of the benzodiazepine type, is unaffected by chloride ions and pentobarbital. In conclusion, the affinity of alpidem for the omega 1-receptor is allosterically influenced by the activation of the GABAA receptor but not by other components of the same receptor complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TLC‐SERS Plates with a Built‐In SERS Layer Consisting of Cap‐Shaped Noble Metal Nanoparticles Intended for Environmental Monitoring and Food Safety Assurance (2015)

We report on a thin layer chromatograph (TLC) with a built‐in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) layer for in‐situ identification of chemical species separated by TLC. Our goal is to monitor mixture samples or diluted target molecules suspended in a host material, as happens often in environmental monitoring or detection of food additives. We demonstrate that the TLC‐SERS can separate mixture samples and provide in‐situ SERS spectra. One sample investigated was a mixture consisting of equal portions of Raman‐active chemical species, rhodamine 6 G (R6G), crystal violet (CV), and 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (BPE). The three components could be separated and their SERS spectra were obtained from different locations. Another sample was skim milk with a trace amount of melamine. Without development, no characteristic peaks were observed, but after development, a peak was observed at 694 cm −1 . Unlike previous TLC‐SERS whereby noble metal nanoparticles are added after development of a sample, having a built‐in SERS layer greatly facilitates analysis as well as maintaining high uniformity of noble metal nanoparticles.
Sensor model appraisal for image registration (2005)

Registration, the alignment of reference and sensed images of the same scene, but taken at different times, viewpoints, or with different sensors is fundamental to numerous applications (e.g. image fusion, change detection, object recognition). A typical registration function is sensor model parameter estimation (e.g. sensor location and orientation) to optimize image match or alignment. We apply a global optimization method for this purpose, and adopt a Monte Carlo approach to quantify (appraise) sensor model parameter properties (e.g. covariances, marginal distributions). The latter are expressed as Bayesian integrals and are evaluated via importance sampling of models drawn from an approximation (derived from a Voronoi cell construct) to the posterior probability distribution. Our likelihood formulation is based on distance transform measurements. The latter are culled from the total available set of observations using selection criteria derived from robust variants of the standard Chamfer and Hausdorff distances.
Direct Observation of Rapid Internalization and Intracellular Transport of Sterol by Macrophage Foam Cells (2005)

Transport of the fluorescent cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol (DHE) from the plasma membrane was studied in J774 macrophages (Mphis) with normal and elevated cholesterol content. Cells were labeled with DHE bound to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. In J774, Mphis with normal cholesterol, intracellular DHE became enriched in recycling endosomes, but was not highly concentrated in the trans-Golgi network or late endosomes and lysosomes. After raising cellular cholesterol by incubation with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL), DHE was transported to lipid droplets, and less sterol was found in recycling endosomes. Transport of DHE to droplets was very rapid (t1/2 = 1.5 min after photobleaching) and did not require metabolic energy. In cholesterol-loaded J774 Mphis, the initial fraction of DHE in the plasma membrane was reduced, and rapid DHE efflux from the plasma membrane to intracellular organelles was observed. This rapid sterol transport was not related to plasma membrane vesiculation, as DHE did not become enriched in endocytic vesicles formed after sphingomyelinase C treatment of cells. When cells were incubated with DHE ester incorporated into AcLDL, fluorescence of the sterol was first found in punctate endosomes. After a chase, this DHE colocalized with transferrin in a distribution similar to cells labeled with DHE delivered by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Our results indicate that elevation of sterol levels in Mphis enhances transport of sterol from the plasma membrane by a non-vesicular pathway.
Computerized CFF: Reliability and Validity of Two Psychophysical Techniques (1982)

Two computerized CFF measures have been implemented in our laboratory and used in several studies. One method is based on the traditional "method of limits" threshold determination technique (CFF-ML). Process-controlled optimization of individual stimulus parameters (starting points and center frequency of ascending and descending sweeps) were shown to give a significant increase in test-retest reliability as compared with a non-computerized version. In subsequent studies, test-retest reliabilities (> 24 h) for CFF-ML have regularly exceeded .90. Criticism against the method of limits for not separating sensory and response factors was the basis for the design of a forced choice, three-alternative, process-controlled CFF method (CFF-3). The reliability of CFF-3 appears to be high (.90-.95), there are virtually no order effects (even after 20 retest sessions of four minutes each), and the "exposure time" for a reliable threshold determination can be made short enough to study fast drug onset effects, for instance after smoking. Both CFF methods appear to have a satisfactory validity, allowing demonstration of significant effects in small samples of subjects, of e.g. variations in cerebral blood flow, effects of thyroxine substitution therapy in hypothyroid patients, and effects of sedative and CNS stimulant drugs.
Specialty Fibers for Clinical Applications (2009)

Abstract : We have supplied fibers for confocal microscopy for the Wellman Institute at Harvard, such that we have a guiding core and a cladding around it that satisfies a specific numerical aperture. We have also done preliminary work an a HD x-ray that uses collimated bundles, in that they have nanoscale scintillating ceramics in the cores of the fibers. Fundamental problems in PMB (Polarization Mode Bearing) will be explored, in that they can provide a more sensitive measure of optical fiber performance.
Evaluation of an engineering model of the “EKTACHEM" analyzer for glucose and urea assay. (1980)

Journal Article Evaluation of an engineering model of the “EKTACHEM" analyzer for glucose and urea assay. Get access J C Cate, 4th, J C Cate, 4th Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Hedrick, R Hedrick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Taylor, M Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C D McGlothlin C D McGlothlin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 2, 1 February 1980, Pages 266–270, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/26.2.266 Published: 01 February 1980
Characterization of the macrocyclase involved in the biosynthesis of RiPP cyclic peptides in plants (2017)

Enzymes that can catalyze the macrocyclization of linear peptide substrates have long been sought for the production of libraries of structurally diverse scaffolds via combinatorial gene assembly as well as to afford rapid in vivo screening methods. Orbitides are plant ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) of various sizes and topologies, several of which are shown to be biologically active. The diversity in size and sequence of orbitides suggests that the corresponding macrocyclases may be ideal catalysts for production of cyclic peptides. Here we present the biochemical characterization and crystal structures of the plant enzyme PCY1 involved in orbitide macrocyclization. These studies demonstrate how the PCY1 S9A protease fold has been adapted for transamidation, rather than hydrolysis, of acyl-enzyme intermediates to yield cyclic products. Notably, PCY1 uses an unusual strategy in which the cleaved C-terminal follower peptide from the substrate stabilizes the enzyme in a productive conformation to facilitate macrocyclization of the N-terminal fragment. The broad substrate tolerance of PCY1 can be exploited as a biotechnological tool to generate structurally diverse arrays of macrocycles, including those with nonproteinogenic elements.
Facing Current Quantification Challenges in Protein Microarrays (2012)

The proteome is highly variable and differs from cell to cell. The reasons are posttranslational modifications, splice variants, and polymorphisms. Techniques like next-generation sequencing can only give an inadequate picture of the protein status of a cell. Protein microarrays are able to track these changes on the level they occur: the proteomic level. Therefore, protein microarrays are powerful tools for relative protein quantification, to unveil new interaction partners and to track posttranslational modifications. This papers gives an overview on current protein microarray techniques and discusses recent advances in relative protein quantification.