gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Properties of Thermostable Xylanases from Mesophilic Fungus Strain Y-94 (1987)

A mesophilic fungal strain Y-94 produced three types of thermostable endo-xylanases accompanied by the formation of a large amount of cellulase. These xylanases were separated from the cellulase by heat treatment at 65°C for 2.5 hr and purified by DEAE-Toyopearl chromatog-raphy, chromatography on an anion exchanger (PBE 94), and Bio-Gel A 0.5 m gel filtration. The molecular weights of the three types of xylanase, designated as xylanase A, B and C, were 51,000, 48,000, and 35,000, respectively. All three enzymes showed highest activity at pH 4.9 and 80°C in lOmin of incubation, and had the same hydrolysis pattern of larch wood xylan with the end- products of xylobiose and xylose. Thus their activities appear essentially the same but not their stabilities. Xylanase A and B were stable from pH 2.5 to 9.0 but xylanase C was unstable above pH 5.5. Xylanase C was unstable at 70°C where other two were stable.
Revised <sup>3</sup> report on the algorithmic language scheme (1986)

The report gives a defining description of the programming language Scheme. Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have an exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions. A wide variety of programming paradigms, including imperative, functional, and message passing styles, find convenient expression in Scheme.
Inferring social ties across heterogenous networks (2012)

It is well known that different types of social ties have essentially different influence on people. However, users in online social networks rarely categorize their contacts into "family", "colleagues", or "classmates". While a bulk of research has focused on inferring particular types of relationships in a specific social network, few publications systematically study the generalization of the problem of inferring social ties over multiple heterogeneous networks. In this work, we develop a framework for classifying the type of social relationships by learning across heterogeneous networks. The framework incorporates social theories into a factor graph model, which effectively improves the accuracy of inferring the type of social relationships in a target network by borrowing knowledge from a different source network. Our empirical study on five different genres of networks validates the effectiveness of the proposed framework. For example, by leveraging information from a coauthor network with labeled advisor-advisee relationships, the proposed framework is able to obtain an F1-score of 90% (8-28% improvements over alternative methods) for inferring manager-subordinate relationships in an enterprise email network.
Turning around Troubled Software Projects: An Exploratory Study of the Deescalation of Commitment to Failing Courses of Action (1999)

:Project failure in the information systems field is a costly problem and troubled projects are not uncommon. In many cases, whether a troubled project ultimately succeeds or fails depends on the effectiveness of managerial actions taken to turn around or redirect such projects. Before such actions can be taken, however, management must recognize problems and prepare to take appropriate corrective measures. While prior research has identified many factors that contribute to the escalation of commitment to failing courses of action, there has been little research on the factors contributing to the deescalation of commitment. Through deescalation, troubled projects may be successfully turned around or sensibly abandoned. This study seeks to clarify the factors that contribute to software project deescalation and to establish practical guidelines for identifying and managing troubled projects. Through interviews with forty-two IS auditors, we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data about the deescalation of commitment to troubled software projects. The interviews sought judgments about the importance of twelve specific factors derived from a review of the literature on deescalation. Interviews also generated qualitative data about specific actors and actions taken to tum troubled projects around.The results indicate that the escalation and deescalation phases of projects manifest different portraits. While there were no factors that always turned projects around, many actors triggered deescalation, and many specific actions accounted for deescalation. In the majority of cases, deescalation was triggered by actors such as senior managers, internal auditors, or external consultants. Deescalation was achieved both by managing existing resources better and by changing the level of resources comrmtted to the project. We summarize the implications of these findings in a process model ofproject deescalation.
Reduction of Ferric Compounds by Soil Bacteria (1954)

SUMMARY: Reduction of ferric lactate by washed cell suspensions of Bacillus circulans, B. megaterium and Aerobacter aerogenes takes place in the presence of suitable hydrogen donors. Ferric hydroxide is reduced when αα′-dipyridyl is present in the cell+substrate system. The reduction of ferric compounds by washed cells+substrate is similar to the reduction of methylene blue. Culture fluids of B. circulans do not reduce ferric iron in the absence of normal cells.
The Two Faces of Fractionated Photodynamic Therapy: Increasing Efficacy With Light Fractionation or Adjuvant Use of Fractional Laser Technology. (2016)

"Fractionated photodynamic therapy (PDT)" is a new term being used by dermatologists to describe advances in PDT technology including fractionated light or the adjuvant use of fractional lasers. Although dermatologists have used PDT since the early 1990s for the treatment of photodamage and precancerous lesions, newer developments in technology have allowed for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), in ammatory disorders, and even uses in the eld of anti-aging. Recent developments in fractionated light therapy have allowed for PDT with dark intervals and two-fold illumination schemes to increase cellular damage and apoptosis. Combining PDT with fractional laser technology has allowed for enhanced dermal penetration of topical photosensitizers including 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), as well as increased ef cacy of treatment. These advances in PDT technology will allow for increased convenience, decreased treatment time, only one application of topical photosensitizer, and decreased cost to the patient and dermatologist. <em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1324-1328.</em>.
Preparation of dealuminized mordenite (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of dealuminized mordeniteN. Y. Chen and F. A. SmithCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 2, 295–297Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50156a011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (403 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Trends on Dynamic Object Segmentation in Video Sequences: A Survey (2013)

This paper presents a survey of the latest methods developed for dynamic object segmentation in video sequences. After an exhaustive search of the latest seven years of research done in this area there were found more than 90 papers where segmentation task has been performed. These researches were classified according with the main method or feature used to segment. Once finalized the literature review it was found that Background Subtraction Methods are very common in segmentation tasks but also algorithms where Energy Minimization is used to improve segmentation results, as those based on Graph Cut, are very popular in segmentation literature. At the same time, different studies demonstrate that Motion information used in conjunction with Probabilistic algorithms could produce accurate segmentation results even when the dynamic object is partially occluded. Also, it was found that Depth information could achieve precise segmentation results; this is because most of the time the object to segment may not have consistent color and texture features but the object must occupy an integrated region in the space. This paper also describes a list of the common databases used to evaluate the performance of the different video segmentation. Resumen— Este trabajo presenta un estudio de los metodos desarrollados recientemente para la segmentacion de objetos dinamicos en secuencias de video. Despues de una busqueda exhaustiva de las investigaciones realizadas en esta area en los ultimos seis anos fueron seleccionadas mas de 90 publicaciones en donde se desarrollan algoritmos de segmentacion. Estos trabajos fueron clasificados de acuerdo al metodo o caracteristica principal utilizada para la segmentacion. Una vez finalizada la revision de articulos se encontro que los Modelos de Sustraccion de Fondo son muy utilizados en tareas de segmentacion, asi como tambien que algoritmos basados en Minimizacion de Energia son muy populares en la literatura para lograr mejoras en los resultados, tal es el caso de aquellos basados en Graph Cut. Al mismo tiempo, diferentes estudios demuestran que la informacion de Movimiento en conjunto con algoritmos de Probabilidad puede producir resultados de segmentacion certeros aun y cuando el objeto dinamico se encuentre parcialmente ocluido. Ademas, se encontro que la informacion de Profundidad puede lograr resultados de segmentacion muy precisos, esto debido a que comunmente el objeto a segmentar pude no tener un color o textura consistente pero este ocupa una region estable en el espacio. Al final de este trabajo se presenta una lista de las bases de datos que frecuentemente se utilizan para evaluar el desempeno de diferentes algoritmos de segmentacion de objetos dinamicos en secuencias de video.
Thermal–Hydraulic Performance Analysis of a Convergent Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (2019)

The present investigation proposes an innovative convergent double pipe heat exchanger (C-DPHE). A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric heat transfer model with counterflow is employed to analyze the thermal and hydraulic performance of this configuration numerically. The impact of convergence in the flow direction, using a wide range of contraction ratio (Cr), is explored. The effect of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers on the flow and heat transfer is addressed, as well. The model results were validated with available data from the literature, and an excellent agreement has been confirmed. In general, the findings of the present study indicate that increasing the contraction ratio increases heat transfer and pressure drop in the C-DPHE. Moreover, this configuration has a prominent and sustainable performance, compared to a conventional double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE), with an enhancement in heat transfer rate up to 32% and performance factor (PF) higher than one. Another appealing merit for the C-DPHE is that it is quite effective and functional at low Reynolds and high Prandtl numbers, respectively, since no high-operating pumping power is required. Further, the optimal operating conditions can be established utilizing the comprehensive information provided in this work.
Cellular Mechanism of Neuronal Synchronization in Epilepsy (1982)

Interictal spikes are a simple kind of epileptic neuronal activity. Field potentials and intracellular recordings observed during interictal spikes of penicillin-treated slices of the hippocampus were reproduced by a mathematical model of a network of 100 hippocampal neurons from the region including CA2 and CA3. The model shows that this form of neuronal synchronization arises because of mutual excitation between neurons, each of which is capable of intrinsic bursting in response to a brief input.
Cytomegalovirus-Induced γδ T Cells Associate with Reduced Cancer Risk after Kidney Transplantation (2009)

An increase in the number of blood gammadelta T cells follows cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients. These cells react against CMV-infected cells and tumor epithelial cells in vitro. We hypothesized that these CMV-induced gammadelta T cells play a protective role against cancer in kidney transplant recipients. We performed a longitudinal case-control study involving 18 recipients who developed cancer between 2 and 6 yr after transplantation and 45 recipients who did not. The median percentage of gammadelta T cells among total lymphocytes in patients with malignancies was significantly lower compared with that in control patients at 6, 12, and 18 mo before the diagnosis of cancer. Patients with a gammadelta T cell percentage of more than 4% were protected from cancer. An increase of the Vdelta2(neg) gammadelta T cell subset significantly associated with lower incidence of cancer only in recipients who experienced pre- or postgraft CMV infection. Finally, a retrospective follow-up of 131 recipients for 8 yr revealed that CMV-naive recipients had an approximately 5-fold higher risk of cancer compared with CMV-exposed patients. In summary, these results suggest a protective role of CMV exposure against cancer in kidney transplant recipients.
Iron-Arsenic Associates in ZnSe (1970)

Electron paramagnetic resonance of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ in the strong trigonal field of a nearest-neighbor substitutional arsenic in ZnSe is reported. Superhyperfine structure is observed from the four nearest neighbors - one arsenic and three seleniums. The parameters appearing in an effective spin Hamiltonian with $S=\frac{1}{2}$ are ${g}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}^{e}=2.0238$, ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{e}=6.168$, $A({\mathrm{Fe}}^{57})=6.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B({\mathrm{Fe}}^{57})=16.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${K}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}({\mathrm{As}}^{75})=8.71\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}({\mathrm{As}}^{75})=16.20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
EFFECT OF `SLEEP HIGH - TRAINING LOW' ON CARDIAC FUNCTIONS 805 (1997)

Introduction. `Sleep high - training low' (SHTL) has reportedly an effect to improve physical performance and this effect is assumed to be increase of oxygen delivery. However, the cardiac function which may contribute to oxygen delivery, has not been studied. This study was designed to investigate the effect of SHTL on cardiac functions. Methods. 21 healthy well-trained thiathlon athletes, aged 21±5 yrs, were divided into SHTL- and SL-group (11 and 10, respectively). Performing the same training program at sea level for 2 weeks, the subjects of SL-group lived at sea level, while those of SHTL-group stayed at an altitude of 1950m (>12h/day). Doppler echocardiography was performed at rest at sea level before and immediately after the training program. Results. The diameters of left atrium, aortic root and end-diastolic left ventricle did not change after the training program, and there was no significant difference between both groups. After the training the left ventricular end-systolic diameter of SHTL-group decreased by 10.6%(P<0.05) while that of SL-group did not change. In SHTL-group shortening fraction and ejection fraction increased from 33.5% to 38.5% and 61.9% to 75.9%, respectively, and the ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time was reduced by 18.2% (P<0.01), while those of SL-group did not change significantly. The peak flow velocity of early filling (E) and late filling (A) as well as E/A did not change significantly, no difference between both groups. Conclusion. Two-week SHTL did not clearly affect the diastolic functions but improved systolic functions significantly, which probably as a result from an improved ventricular contractibility.
Effects of fibroblast growth factor on type I 5'-deiodinase in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. (1994)

In the present study, we used FRTL-5 cells to study the effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) on 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. In FRTL-5 cells deprived of TSH for 7 days, type I 5'-deiodinase (5'D-I) activity decreased to low, but detectable levels. Incubation of cells with acidic and basic FGFs significantly decreased 5'D-I activity below the basal levels. After 7 days of TSH deprivation, the addition of TSH (100 microU/ml) to the medium for 3 days resulted in an increase in 5'D-I activity. This TSH-induced increase in 5'D-I activity was blocked by the FGFs in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analysis revealed that both acidic and basic FGFs decreased the maximum velocity of 5'D-I activity in the presence or absence of TSH, without any significant effect on the Km of enzyme binding. HPLC analysis of the products of the 5'D-I assay revealed that there was no sequential deiodination of rT3. Incubation of FRTL-5 cells with acidic or basic FGF did not affect basal cAMP concentrations, nor did they block the TSH-induced rise in cAMP. However, acidic and basic FGFs inhibited forskolin- and (Bu)2cAMP-induced increases in 5'D-I activity. Incubation of FRTL-5 cells with TSH, (Bu)2cAMP, and forskolin increased 5'D-I mRNA levels. Incubation of FRTL-5 cells with acidic and basic FGFs decreased steady state 5'D-I mRNA levels and blocked the TSH-, forskolin-, and (Bu)2cAMP-induced increases in 5'D-I mRNA. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FGFs inhibit 5'D-I activity and mRNA levels in FRTL-5 cells in the presence or absence of TSH. The inhibitory effect of FGFs on 5'D-I in FRTL-5 cells is mediated through either a cAMP-independent pathway or pathways distal to the generation of cAMP. The present data together with the identification of FGF in the thyroid gland suggest that FGF may play a physiological role in the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion.
Analysis of Horn Antenna Transfer Functions and Phase-Center Position for Modeling Off-Ground GPR (2011)

The antenna of a zero-offset off-ground ground-penetrating radar can be accurately modeled using a linear system of frequency-dependent complex scalar transfer functions under the assumption that the electric field measured by the antenna locally tends to a plane wave. First, we analyze to which extent this hypothesis holds as a function of the antenna height above a multilayered medium. Second, we compare different methods to estimate the antenna phase center, namely, 1) extrapolation of peak-to-peak reflection values in the time domain and 2) frequency-domain full-waveform inversion assuming both frequency-independent and -dependent phase centers. For that purpose, we performed radar measurements at different heights above a perfect electrical conductor. Two different horn antennas operating, respectively, in the frequency ranges 0.2-2.0 and 0.8-2.6 GHz were used and compared. In the limits of the antenna geometry, we observed that antenna modeling results were not significantly affected by the position of the phase center. This implies that the transfer function model inherently accounts for the phase-center positions. The results also showed that the antenna transfer function model is valid only when the antenna is not too close to the reflector, namely, the threshold above which it holds corresponds to the antenna size. The effect of the frequency dependence of the phase-center position was further tested for a two-layered sandy soil subject to different water contents. The results showed that the proposed antenna model avoids the need for phase-center determination for proximal soil characterization.
Electrospray mass spectroscopy of macromolecules: Application of an ion-drift spectrometer (1984)

Macroions of lysozyme and polystyrene produced by the electrospraying of dilute solutions of these macromolecules into nitrogen gas at atmospheric pressure have been studied by means of the measurement of their mobilities in nitrogen by means of an ion-drift spectrometer. In the case of polystyrene mainly clusters of negative macroions have been detected and studied, but in the case of lysozyme macroions containing one, two or three positive charges can be identified. The effect of change of solution concentration, temperature and pressure in the ion-drift tube on the data obtained in the case of polystyrene has been observed.
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Aziridino Epoxides from Cyclic Dienes (2006)

Two different routes for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of aziridino epoxides from cyclic dienes have been explored. The first strategy involves regiospecific aziridination of cyclic diene derivatives and subsequent epoxidation with m-CPBA to yield cis-aziridino epoxides as major products. The second strategy utilizes regiospecific epoxidation of cyclic diene derivatives followed by Sharpless aziridination to provide exclusively trans-aziridino epoxides. Synthesis of both enantiomers of cis-aziridino epoxides from (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvones are also reported.
Repair Engineering and Design Considerations (2001)

Abstract This article discusses three typical repair types for composite structures: temporary repairs, adhesively bonded repairs, and bolted repairs. It contains a table that lists general design requirements and considerations for the repair of composite structures. The article describes ten steps for an engineering repair approach to effectively restore structural integrity to damaged composite components. Management, validation and certification of repairs are also discussed. The article presents the design guidelines for analyzing the damage and possible strategies for making a repair. It reviews three repair schemes used in repair design analysis, namely, core replacement, adhesively bonded patch, and mechanically fastened patch. The article also emphasizes the various pitfalls and problems in repair design for composite structures.
Increased Yield of Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Obtained by Means of Recombinant DNA Technology (1985)

Extra copies of the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene were introduced into the Bowes melanoma cell line. We obtained a recombinant cell line (TRBM6) which secretes approximately ten-fold more t-PA than the parent cell line. The identity of the plasminogen activator made by the new cell line was confirmed by sizing on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels and by specific quenching using anti-t-PA antibody. We estimate that the recombinant line produces t-PA at a rate of approximately 3 pg/cell/24 hr and that t-PA accumulates in the harvest medium at a rate of approximately 4000 International t-PA Units/ml/24 hr.