gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neonatal seizures (2007)

In childhood, the risk for seizures is greatest in the neonatal period. Currently used therapies have limited efficacy. Although the treatment of neonatal seizures has not significantly changed in the past several decades, there has been substantial progress in understanding developmental mechanisms that influence seizure generation and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. This review includes an overview of current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal seizures, identifies some of the critical factors that have limited progress, and highlights recent insights about the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures that may provide the foundation for better treatment.
<title>Use of quantum indeterminacy in optical parallel genetic algorithms</title> (1995)

The design and demonstration of a quantum optical genetic algorithms computer is described. We show that by avoiding the tedious computations of conventional genetic algorithms, time and energy could be saved. The role of quantum indeterminacy as a major component of the operation of this porcessor is emphasized.
Performance analysis of a shared-medium ATM switch (2002)

In this paper, we present an approximate analysis of a generic shared-medium ATM switch with input and output queueing. Input traffic is assumed to be bursty and is modelled by an interrupted Bernoulli process (IBP). Three different bus service policies are analyzed: time division multiplexing (TDM), cyclic, and random. The output links may have constant or geometric service time. The analysis is based on the notion of decomposition whereby the switch is decomposed into smaller sub-systems. First, each input queue is analyzed in isolation after we modify its service process. Subsequently, the shared medium is analyzed as a separate sub-system utilizing the output process of each input queue. Finally, each output queue is analyzed in isolation. The results from the individual sub-systems are combined together through an iterative scheme. This method permits realistic system characteristics such as limited buffer size, asymmetric load conditions, and nonuniform destinations to be taken into consideration in the analysis. The model's accuracy is verified through simulation.
Liver and Spleen Volumetry with Quantitative MR Imaging and Dual-Space Clustering Segmentation (2005)

The purpose of this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study was to assess the liver and spleen volumes calculated by using a semiautomated dual-space clustering segmentation technique, as compared with the volumes calculated by using the manual contour-tracing method. The quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data used as input were computed from images acquired by using a mixed fast spin-echo pulse sequence that was implemented with respiratory triggering. Linear regression analysis was used to assess agreement regarding the volumes calculated by using both segmentation techniques. There was strong agreement regarding the regression parameters for the liver (r = 0.98, P < .001) and the spleen (r = 0.99, P < .001) and the mean percentage volume differences for the liver (1.2%) and the spleen (0.9%). The mean segmentation time per patient was significantly shorter with use of the dual-space clustering method (P < .001).
Integrated Detection of Attacks Against Browsers, Web Applications and Databases (2009)

Anomaly-based techniques were exploited successfully to implement protection mechanisms for various systems. Recently, these approaches have been ported to the web domain under the name of "web application anomaly detectors" (or firewalls) with promising results. In particular, those capable of automatically building specifications, or models, of the protected application by observing its traffic (e.g., network packets, system calls, or HTTP requests and responses) are particularly interesting, since they can be deployed with little effort. Typically, the detection accuracy of these systems is significantly influenced by the model building phase (often called training), which clearly depends upon the quality of the observed traffic, which should resemble the normal activity of the protected application and must be also free from attacks. Otherwise, detection may result in significant amounts of false positives (i.e., benign events flagged as anomalous) and negatives (i.e., undetected threats). In this work we describe Masibty, a web application anomaly detector that have some interesting properties. First, it requires the training data not to be attack-free. Secondly, not only it protects the monitored application, it also detects and blocks malicious client-side threats before they are sent to the browser. Third, Masibty intercepts the queries before they are sent to the database, correlates them with the corresponding HTTP requests and blocks those deemed anomalous. Both the accuracy and the performance have been evaluated on real-world web applications with interesting results. The system is almost not influenced by the presence of attacks in the training data and shows only a negligible amount of false positives, although this is paid in terms of a slight performance overhead.
Metabolites of nicotine in rat brain after peripheral nicotine administration. Cotinine, nornicotine, and norcotinine. (1997)

The time course of nicotine metabolite appearance in brain from 5 min-18 hr after subcutaneous administration of S-(-)-[3H-N-methyl]nicotine was determined. Results demonstrated that metabolite appearance in brain was greatest at 4 hr postadministration, whereas levels of nicotine were greatly diminished at this time point. For determination of N-demethylated metabolites, (+/-)-[2'-14C]nicotine was administered subcutaneously to rats, and the presence of nicotine and nicotine metabolites in brain supernatant was determined 4 hr postadministration. Using high-performance liquid radiochromatographic analysis, nicotine and three nicotine metabolites (cotinine, nornicotine, and norcotinine) were identified in brain, together with a fourth minor, unidentified metabolite. After subcutaneous administration of S-(-)-[G-3H]cotinine, significant amounts of cotinine were found in brain over an 18-hr postadministration period; however, no cotinine metabolites were detected. Therefore, cotinine is able to pass the blood-brain barrier and access the central nervous system, but is not biotransformed in brain. Thus, this is the first report of norcotinine as a central nervous system nicotine metabolite. Data indicate that norcotinine detected in brain after peripheral nicotine administration most likely originates from 5'-C-oxidation of brain nornicotine, rather than from N-demethylation of cotinine, as occurs peripherally. Because peripheral biotransformation of nicotine to nornicotine is a minor pathway, the relatively high levels of nornicotine found in brain after peripheral nicotine administration suggest that nornicotine is formed via oxidative N-demethylation of nicotine locally in brain. Nornicotine is pharmacologically active; thus, its presence in brain after peripheral nicotine administration indicates that nornicotine may contribute to the neuropharmacological effects of nicotine and tobacco use.
<title>Human tooth in low and high intensive light fields</title> (1996)

The present paper is devoted to the analysis of optical properties of hard tooth tissues in a wide range of light intensities. The main features of light reflection from enamel surface and light propagation in enamel and dentin are considered. The possibility of observation of various nonlinear effects in dental tissues are analyzed. The mechanisms of laser destruction of enamel and dentin are classified and the models of correspondent processes are considered.
Impact of Interfacial Composition on Physical Stability and In Vitro Lipase Digestibility of Triacylglycerol Oil Droplets Coated with Lactoferrin and/or Caseinate (2010)

The physicochemical and functional properties of oil-in-water emulsions can be controlled by engineering the interfacial layer coating the oil droplets. This study examined the impact of interfacial deposition of lactoferrin (LF) and/or caseinate (Cas) onto oil droplets stabilized by the opposite protein on emulsion stability and lipase digestibility. Zeta potential measurements show both proteins can be deposited on droplet surfaces coated with the opposite protein. Secondary emulsion formulations containing droplets coated with mixed caseinate-lactoferrin layers (Cas-LF and LF-Cas emulsions) had enhanced stability to flocculation in 3 < pH < 7 and from 0 to 80 mM calcium chloride. The majority of emulsions studied were rapidly digested by lipase in an in vitro digestion model, demonstrating the improved secondary formulations are not expected to alter lipid bioavailability. This work provides information valuable in the design of emulsion formulations for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries.
Bromocriptine and low dose cyclosporine in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis in the rat. (1987)

The immunologic effects of bromocriptine and low dose cyclosporine on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in Lewis rats by S-antigen immunization were studied. Rats treated with a sub-optimal dose (low dose) of cyclosporine (2 mg/kg per d), bromocriptine (1.8 mg/kg per d), or both drugs were compared with untreated rats in regard to the development of EAU, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and anti-S-antigen serum antibodies. Bromocriptine alone decreased the incidence of EAU only in female rats (P less than 0.01), did not effect the lymphocyte proliferative response, but did significantly decrease antibody titers in both males (P less than 0.004) and females (P less than 0.0005). Low dose cyclosporine also partially decreased the incidence of EAU in female rats, but did not decrease antibody titers or lymphocyte proliferative responses. Bromocriptine plus low-dose cyclosporine led to more marked decreases in the incidence of EAU and anti-S-antigen antibody titers as well as in the lymphocyte proliferative assay (P less than 0.01 for males, P less than 0.0005 for females). This study suggests that bromocriptine can enhance the immunosuppression of low dose cyclosporine.
Cardiac arrhythmia detection using deep learning (2017)

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of cardiac arrhythmias in clinical routine. In this study, a deep learning framework previously trained on a general image data set is transferred to carry out automatic ECG arrhythmia diagnostics by classifying patient ECG’s into corresponding cardiac conditions. Transferred deep convolutional neural network (namely AlexNet) is used as a feature extractor and the extracted features are fed into a simple back propagation neural network to carry out the final classification. Three different conditions of ECG waveform are selected from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database to evaluate the proposed framework. Main focus of this study is to implement a simple, reliable and easily applicable deep learning technique for the classification of the selected three different cardiac conditions. Obtained results demonstrated that the transferred deep learning feature extractor cascaded with a conventional back propagation neural network were able to obtain very high performance rates. Highest obtained correct recognition rate is 98.51% while obtaining testing accuracy around 92%. Based on these results, transferred deep learning proved to be an efficient automatic cardiac arrhythmia detection method while eliminating the burden of training a deep convolutional neural network from scratch providing an easily applicable technique.
Low amplified spontaneous emission threshold and suppression of electroluminescence efficiency roll-off in layers doped with ter(9,9′-spirobifluorene) (2016)

We demonstrate that ter(9,9′-spirobifluorene) (TSBF) doped in a host matrix layer of 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) shows a low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold (Eth = 1.0 μJ cm−2) and suppressed electroluminescence efficiency roll-off at high current densities (no roll-off up to 100 mA cm−2). One origin of the low ASE threshold is that the TSBF-doped CBP layer possesses a very large radiative decay constant (kr = 1.1 × 109 s−1). Singlet–triplet annihilation is almost suppressed in the TSBF-doped CBP layer, which can be ascribed to the small overlap between the emission and triplet absorption of TSBF. Also, the small energy level difference between TSBF and CBP minimizes carrier trapping in TSBF, leading to the suppression of singlet–polaron annihilation. TSBF showed one of the lowest Eth and the most suppressed efficiency roll-off among organic laser dyes investigated in this study and, therefore, is believed to be a promising candidate to realize electrically pumped organic semiconductor laser diodes in the future.
Phytochemicals for Prevention of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation‐induced Damages<sup>†</sup> (2008)

While solar light is indispensable for sustenance of life, excessive exposure can cause several skin-related disorders. The UV part of solar radiation, in particular, is linked to disorders ranging from mild inflammatory effects of the skin to as serious as causing several different types of cancers. Changes in lifestyle together with depletion in the atmospheric ozone layer during the last few decades have led to an increase in the incidence of skin cancer. Skin cancers consisting of basal and squamous cell carcinomas are especially linked to the UVB part of solar radiation. Reducing excessive exposure to solar radiation is desirable; however, as this approach is unavoidable, it is suggested that other novel strategies be developed to reduce the effects of solar radiation to skin. One approach to reduce the harmful effects of solar radiation is through the use of phytochemicals, an approach that is popularly known as "Photochemoprotection." In recent years many phytochemicals with potential antioxidant properties have been identified and found to be photoprotective in nature. We describe here some of the most popular phytochemicals being studied that have the potential to reduce the harmful effects associated with solar UV radiation.
Duality in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction (2009)

We explore quark-hadron duality in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction on proton and neutron targets. Using the spin-flavor symmetric quark model, we compute ratios of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross sections for both unpolarized and polarized scattering and discuss realizations of duality in several symmetry-breaking scenarios. The model calculations allow one to understand some of the key features of recent data on semi-inclusive pion production at low energies.
Cardiolipin: a stereospecifically spin-labeled analogue and its specific enzymic hydrolysis. (1978)

The spin-labeled cardiolipin 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-3-[1-acyl-2-(16-doxylstearoyl)glycero(3)phosphol]-sn-glycerol has been prepared. The stereoselective synthesis makes use of the monolysocardiolipin 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-3-[1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero(3)phospho]-sn-glycerol, available from the stereospecific hydrolysis of cardiolipin by phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. The results of treatment of the spin-labeled cardiolipin with the cardiolipin-specific phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) (Hemophilus parainfluenzae) of known specificity and with phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) of Bacillus cereus are consistent with the assigned structure. The spin-labeled cardiolipin is further characterized and the unique features of this diastereomer are discussed in the context of the unusual stereochemistry of the natural phospholipid.
On the rate of convergence of moments in the central limit theorem (1978)

Abstract An early extension of Lindeberg's central limit theorem was Bernstein's (1939) discovery of necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of moments in the central limit theorem. Von Bahr (1965) made a study of some asymptotic expansions in the central limit theorem, and obtained rates of convergence for moments. However, his results do not in general imply that the moments converge. Some better rates have been obtained by Bhattacharya and Rao for moments between the second and third. In this paper we give improved rates of convergence for absolute moments between the third and fourth.
J Stephen D Allen (2012)

Shortly after qualifying J Stephen D Allen (“Steve”) decided to specialise in anaesthesia, and his intellect and energy were quickly recognised. His subspecialty interests lay in critical care medicine and cardiothoracic anaesthesia. He was awarded an MD …
Metabolic Profiling of Chinese Tobacco Leaf of Different Geographical Origins by GC-MS (2013)

Tobacco leaf obtained from different geographical areas in China was profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate data analyses. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the tobacco metabolome was clearly dependent on geographical origins; climatic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, imposed a greater impact on metabolite levels than the cultivars. By orthogonal partial least-squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), 20 metabolites that contributed to the discrimination were screened, including primary metabolites (sucrose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-glucose, inositol, maleic acid, citric acid, malic acid, L-threonic acid, L-proline, L-phenylalanine), secondary metabolites (chlorogenic acid, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diol, nicotine, quinic acid), and four unknown metabolites. The results suggest that metabolic profiling using GC-MS combined with multivariate analysis can be used to discriminate tobacco leaf of different geographical origins and to provide potential indicators of tobacco origins.
Noise characteristics in plated Co-Ni-P film for high density recording medium (1982)

Noise characteristics on continuous plated thin-film media have been studied, using plated disks and Mn-Zn ferrite heads. It was found that the magnetic medium noise was influenced by magnetic medium underlayer properties and magnetic properties of the magnetic medium itself. The influence from the underlayer is considerably decreased by a gold film (0.1-μm thick) inserted between the underlayers. Medium noise power N2 from the magnetic medium itself is linearly proportional to half pulse width W50 and recording density 1/L (N2∝k⋅W50⋅1/L; k: constant; L: bit length). Noise in the γ-Fe2O3 particulate medium appears mainly in regions outside magnetic transition. However, the experimental result shows that noise in a continuous thin-film medium itself is caused by magnetic transition regions.
Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Vesicles Carry Biologically Active β-Lactamase (2013)

Gram-positive bacteria naturally produce extracellular vesicles. However, little is known regarding the functions of Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles, especially in the bacterial community. Here, we investigated the role of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles in interbacterial communication to cope with antibiotic stress. We found that S. aureus liberated BlaZ, a β-lactamase protein, via extracellular vesicles. These extracellular vesicles enabled other ampicillin-susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to survive in the presence of ampicillin. However, S. aureus extracellular vesicles did not mediate the survival of tetracycline-, chloramphenicol-, or kanamycin-susceptible bacteria. Moreover, S. aureus extracellular vesicles did not contain the blaZ gene. In addition, the heat-treated S. aureus extracellular vesicles did not mediate the survival of ampicillin-susceptible bacteria. The β-lactamase activities of S. aureus soluble and extracellular vesicle-associated BlaZ were similar, but only the extracellular vesicle-associated BlaZ was resistant to protease digestion, which suggests that the enzymatic activity of BlaZ in extracellular vesicles is largely protected by the vesicle structure. Our observations provide evidence of the important role of S. aureus extracellular vesicles in antibiotic resistance, which allows the polymicrobial community to continue to evolve and prosper against antibiotics.
Timed protocol verification for Estelle-specified protocols (1995)

This paper presents a new model, which is named Timed Communicating State Machine (TCSM), for specifying protocols that incorporate timed properties as part of their specifications. The TCSM model is similar to the Extended Communicating Finite State Machine (ECFSM) model. The major extension is providing an additional mechanism, i.e., a time interval attribute, for describing the timed properties. We also propose the corresponding formal TCSM-based timed verification scheme, i.e., a new timed global state reachability analysis. In the new timed global state reachability analysis, the exploration is decided by the predicate, the time relationships, and/or the input event. Using the TCSM model and the timed verification scheme, an Estelle-based Timed Protocol Verification System (ETPVS) has been developed on SUN SPARC workstations. In this way, timed protocols can be formally specified in Estelle and can also be verified using ETPVS.
Selection and characterization of salt-resistant variants from Hordeum brevisulatum (1998)

Calli were induced from immature embryos of Hordeum brevisubulatrm, and embryogenic suspension cell cultures were established from the calli. By treating suspension cells with EMS, NaCl tolerant variants were selected from the saline medium. The cell cultures toleranted to 1.2% NaCl were established. NaCl tolerant calli were subcultured in salt free medium for five passes, and then transferred into saline medium, and they could grow well. It demonstrated its NaCl tolerant stability. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that free L-Proline in 1.2% NaCl tolerant calli was as much as 6.68 times of the control, and relative conductive ratio was 29.92% lower than the control. Its esterase isozymes were different from the control, with two extra isozyme bands.
Regeneration of Plants by Pollen Culture in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1988)

Pollen calluses and plants were obtained in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through pollen culture without preculture of anthers. The spikes were pretreated at 10°C for 10-30 days. Isolated pollen grains at the late uninucleate stage were cultured in a medium consisting of one eighth to three eighths of the nutrient constituents of N6 supplemented with 1% sucrose, 1% glucose, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% casein hydrolysate, and 10-5M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 11 days of culture, small calluses were induced from the pollen grains. To regenerate plants, viable calluses were transferred from the liquid medium onto the agar media for differentiation. All the regenerated plantlets, including haploid ones, were planted in paddy fields to obtain mature plants.