gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Register of Research in the Social Sciences. In Progress and in Plan. (1955)

Journal Article Register of Research in the Social Sciences. In Progress and in Plan Get access Register of Research in the Social Sciences. In Progress and in Plan. No. 11. 1953–4 with a Directory of Research Institutions. Ed. by Feodora Stoneet al. . Mimeographed. London: Cambridge University Press for the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, 1954. vii + 168 pp. Bibliog. 9¾″ ×7¼″. 25s. B. K. B. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 3, July 1955, Page 412, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607409 Published: 01 July 1955
The demise of the marine cyanobacterium, <i>Trichodesmium</i> spp., via an autocatalyzed cell death pathway (2004)

We present experimental laboratory evidence and field observations of an autocatalyzed, programmed cell death (PCD) pathway in the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp., which forms massive blooms in the subtropical and tropical oceans. The PCD pathway was induced in response to phosphorus and iron starvation as well as high irradiance and oxidative stress. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological degradation of internal components including thylakoids, carboxysomes, and gas vesicles, whereas the plasma membranes remained intact. Physiologically stressed cells displayed significantly elevated endonuclease activity and terminal d‐UTP nick‐end labeling. Nucleic acid degradation was concordant with increased immunoreactivity to human caspase‐3 polyclonal antisera and enhanced cleavage of a caspase‐specific substrate, DEVD. Caspase activity was positively correlated with mortality and was inhibited by the irreversible caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK. A search of the Trichodesmium erythraeum genome identified several protein sequences containing a conserved caspase domain structure, including the histidine‐ and cysteine‐containing catalytic diad found in true caspases, paracaspases, and metacaspases. Induction of PCD by caspase‐like proteases in a bacterial photoautotroph with an ancient evolutionary history requires a reassessment about the origins and roles of cell death cascades. This process is a previously unappriciated mortality mechanism that can lead to the termination of natural Trichodesmium blooms and that can influence the fluxes of organic matter in the ocean.
Determination of electronic band structure by electron holography of etched-and-regrown interfaces in GaN <i>p-i-n</i> diodes (2019)

The electrostatic potential variation across etched-and-regrown GaN p-i-n diodes for power electronics has been studied using electron holography in a transmission electron microscope. The potential profiles have been correlated with the composition profiles of Mg, Si, and O obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Electronic charges obtained from the potential profiles correlate well with the presence of Si and O impurities at regrown interfaces. The overlap of Mg and Si when Mg doped GaN is grown directly over an etched undoped GaN surface results in the formation of a highly doped p-n junction. The introduction of a thin undoped layer over the etched GaN surface prevents the formation of such a junction as the regrowth interface is moved away from the Mg-doped GaN, and results in diodes with improved reverse leakage currents, close to the best values of continuously grown p-i-n diodes. Potential profiles of continuously grown (not etched) p-i-n diodes are compared to those of etched-and-regrown diodes.
Multiplexer based adder for media signal processing (2003)

This paper presents the design of a highly re-configurable adder, which has been optimized for speed and area. Since pass transistor based multiplexer is the fastest element in standard CMOS logic, we designed the adder using only multiplexers and 2-input inverted logic gates. This adder is the hybrid of binary carry lookahead adder of Brent, and carry select adder. By using the hybrid approach, the area and wiring of the adder is reduced by 1/2, keeping the adder delay proportional to O(log n). The critical path of the 68-bit partitioned adder consists of 7 two-to-one multiplexers and 1 XOR gate. The adder can be partitioned to support a variety of data formats, it can add two 64-bit-operands, four 32-bit operands, eight 16-bit operands, or sixteen and bit operands. The adder can be used for multi-media applications, and is well suited for VLIW processors. The adder is described in Verilog, and synthesized using Synopsys tool. The critical path delay of the 64-bit adder is 0.9 ns at typical conditions in standard cell 0.25 um technology.
Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A scaling law for the maximum penetration distance of liquid-phase fuel in a diesel spray (defined as the liquid length) was developed by applying jet theory to a simplified model of a spray. The scaling law accounts for injector, fuel, and in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions on liquid length, and provides significant insight into the fuel vaporization process. As developed, the scaling law is valid for single-component fuels, but can be used to model multi-component fuels through use of single-component surrogate fuels.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Close agreement between the scaling law and measured liquid length data over a very wide range of conditions is demonstrated. The agreement suggests that vaporization in sprays from current-technology, direct-injection (DI) diesel injectors is limited by mixing processes in the spray. The mixing processes include entrainment of high-temperature air and the overall transport and mixing of fuel and air throughout the spray cross-section. An implication of mixing limited vaporization is that the processes of atomization and the ensuing interphase transport of mass and energy at droplet surfaces are not limiting steps with respect to fuel vaporization in DI diesel sprays.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The scaling law provides a fundamental baseline on liquid fuel penetration and vaporization in diesel sprays that can be compared with the vaporization aspects of the multi-dimensional diesel spray models under development. The scaling law can also provide design guidance on the expected maximum extent of liquid-phase fuel penetration in engines. Application of the scaling law to a heavy-duty and a light-duty DI diesel shows that liquid-phase fuel impingement on piston bowl walls is not a serious concern in heavy-duty engines using a typical diesel fuel, as observed previously through experiments, but may be an issue in light-duty engines.</div>
Competitive and cooperative functioning of the anterior and posterior promoter elements of an Alu family repeat. (1986)

Similar to tRNA genes and the VAI gene, the Alu family repeats are transcribed by RNA polymerase III and contain a split intragenic promoter. Results of our previous studies have shown that when the anterior, box A-containing promoter element (5'-Pu-Pu-Py-N-N-Pu-Pu-Py-G-G-3' in which Pu is any purine, Py is any pyrimidine, and N is any nucleotide) of a human Alu family repeat is deleted, the remaining box B-containing promoter element (5'-G-A/T-T-C-Pu-A-N-N-C-3') is still capable of directing weak transcriptional initiation at approximately 70 base pairs (bp) upstream from the box B sequence. This is different from the tRNA genes in which the box A-containing promoter element plays the major role in the positioning of the transcriptional initiation site(s). To account for this difference, we first carried out competition experiments in which we show that the posterior element of the Alu repeat competes with the VAI gene effectively for the transcription factor C in HeLa cell extracts. We then constructed a series of contraction and expansion mutants of the Alu repeat promoter in which the spacing between boxes A and B was systematically varied by molecular cloning. In vitro transcription of these clones in HeLa cell extracts was analyzed by RNA gel electrophoresis and primer extension mapping. We show that when the box A and box B promoter sequences are separated by 47 to 298 bp, the transcriptional initiation sites remain 4 to 5 bp upstream from box A. However, this positioning function by the box A-containing promoter element was lost when the spacing was shortened to only 26 bp or increased to longer than 600 bp. Instead, transcriptional initiation occurred approximately 70 bp upstream from box B, similar to that in the clones containing only the box B promoter element. All the mutant clones were transcribed less efficiently than was the wild type. An increase in the distance between boxes A and B also activated a second box A-like element within the Alu family repeat. We compare these results with the results of tRNA gene studies. We also discuss this comparison in terms of the positioning function of the split class III promoter elements and the evolutionary conservation of the spacing between the two promoter elements for optimum transcriptional efficiency.
Growth of Vibrio anguillarum in Salmon Intestinal Mucus (1997)

The physiological changes of Vibrio anguillarum in response to growth in salmon intestinal mucus were investigated. Growth, survival, and changes in protein expression during growth in media supplemented with mucus were compared to growth and starvation in the identical media without mucus. V. anguillarum exhibited a rapid decline in CFU following growth in mucus as the sole carbon source. No such decline was observed in Luria broth with a 2% NaCl concentration, in glucose-minimal broth (3M), or during starvation in a carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-free salt solution (NSS). The changes in protein expression during growth in mucus were examined by labeling cells with [(sup35)S]methionine and analyzing the labeled proteins by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Comparison of [(sup35)S]methionine-labeled proteins from mucus-grown cells with 3M-grown cells and NSS-starved cells revealed four de novo mucus-inducible proteins (Mips). These Mips were localized in the membrane fraction of V. anguillarum. Additionally, at least one other membrane protein was found to have increased expression in response to growth in mucus.
IBM ThinkPad 701C:便携机世界的航标灯 (1995)

有时候,一种电脑会突破俗规,从而确立新的楷模。IBM ThinkPad701C即是这样一种PC,它具备伸展键盘、四磅的系统重量和大型彩显。闭合时,ThinkPad 701C接近大部分亚笔记本机的尺寸和重
Combining Strategies for Extracting Relations from Text Collections (2000)

Text documents often contain valuable structured data that is hidden in regular English sentences. This data is best exploited if available as a relational table that we could use for answering precise queries or for running data mining tasks. Our Snowball system extracts these relations from document collections starting with only a handful of user-provided example tuples. Based on these tuples, Snowball generates patterns that are used, in turn, to find more tuples. In this paper we introduce a new pattern and tuple generation scheme for Snowball, with different strengths and weaknesses than those of our original system. We also show preliminary results on how we can combine the two versions of Snowball to extract tuples more accurately.
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: Update of Treatment (1999)

The state-of-the art therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is reviewed. Commonly used treatments for early-stage (patch/plaque) mycosis fungoides (MF) include topical corticosteroids, mechlorethamine, carmustine, ultraviolet light B and PUVA. Total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy is indicated for widespread infiltrated plaque and tumor stage disease. Low-dose methotrexate is often useful for resistant patch/plaque MF and erythrodermic CTCL. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) is indicated for methotrexate failures and recurrent tumors following TSEB therapy. Photopheresis may be helpful for early-stage erythrodermic CTCL but is very costly. Retinoids may be of value for early and moderately advanced CTCL particularly in combination with other agents such as IFN-alpha and PUVA. Systemic disease usually requires combination chemotherapy such as that used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, responses are usually short lived.
Purification and Some Properties of Diplococcin from <i>Streptococcus cremoris</i> 346 (1981)

Eleven of 150 Streptococcus cremoris strains examined produced the bacteriocin diplococcin. The diplococcin activity spectrum was restricted to S. cremoris and Streptococcus lactis strains, and none of a wide range of other gram-positive or gram-negative strains were inhibited. The diplococcin produced by S. cremoris 346 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. Purified diplococcin was very unstable at room temperature and lost 75% of its activity after heating at 100 degrees C for 1 min. The proteolytic enzymes trypsin, pronase, and alpha-chymotrypsin completely inactivated diplococcin. The amino acid composition showed a high content of acidic and neutral acids and a correspondingly low content of basic amino acids, including one residue of ornithine per mole. From the amino acid analysis a molecular weight of 5,300 was estimated. Diplococcin was readily distinguished from the S. lactis bacteriocin nisin by its restricted activity spectrum, its biological properties, and by cross-reaction experiments.
OriDB, the DNA replication origin database updated and extended (2011)

OriDB (http://www.oridb.org/) is a database containing collated genome-wide mapping studies of confirmed and predicted replication origin sites. The original database collated and curated Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin mapping studies. Here, we report that the OriDB database and web site have been revamped to improve user accessibility to curated data sets, to greatly increase the number of curated origin mapping studies, and to include the collation of replication origin sites in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The revised database structure underlies these improvements and will facilitate further expansion in the future. The updated OriDB for S. cerevisiae is available at http://cerevisiae.oridb.org/ and for S. pombe at http://pombe.oridb.org/.
A new amplifier design for fast low-noise far-infrared detectors using a pyroelectric element (1998)

A new concept for pyroelectric detector circuits with a flat signal bandwidth of 10 kHz or more is reported. It leads to signal-to-noise ratio improvement by a factor of 50 compared with commercially available fast pyroelectric detector circuits. The approach is also showing a larger bandwidth, ease of implementation and noise improvement compared with add-on frequency-compensating circuits for bandwidth enlargement. A demonstration circuit has been built using a low-cost pyroelectric detector element. The design can be used for amplification of other high-impedance sources too.
Experimental tube for investigating the emission properties of thermionic cathodes working at high temperatures, heated by parallel electron-beam bombardment (1967)

The experimental tube for investigating the emission properties of cathodes working at high temperatures was constructed. Cermet cathodes, in the shape of tablets, were heated by parallel electron beam bombardment. The thermoemission constants of ThO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Mo cermet cathodes were measured by Richardson's straight line method.
The <i>Escherichia coli cysG</i> gene encodes the multifunctional protein, siroheme synthase (1993)

Previously, the E. coli cysG gene product had been shown to sequentially methylate uro'gen III to produce precorrin-2, hence it was given the trivial name uro'gen III methylase. We now report that in addition to methylase activity, the CysG protein catalyses both the NAD+ dependent oxidation of precorrin-2 to sirohydrochlorin, but also the insertion of iron into this oxidized intermediate, thereby producing siroheme. Thus CysG is a multifunctional protein solely responsible for siroheme synthesis from uro'gen III in E. coli, and accordingly is renamed siroheme synthase.
Biologic Annulus Fibrosus Repair: A Review of Preclinical <i>In Vivo</i> Investigations (2017)

Lower back pain, the leading cause of workplace absences and disability, is often attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration, in which nucleus pulposus (NP) herniates through lesions in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and impinges on the spinal cord and surrounding nerves. Surgeons remove extruded NP via discectomy when indicated by local/radicular pain supported by radiographic evidence; however, current interventions do not alter the underlying disease or seal the AF. The reported rates of recurrent herniation or pain following discectomy cases range from 5% to 25%, which has pushed spine research in recent years toward annular repair and closure strategies. Synthetic implants designed to mechanically seal the AF have been subject to large animal and clinical trials, with limited success in preventing recurrent herniation. Like gold standard interventions, purely mechanical devices fail to promote tissue integration, long-term healing, or restore native biomechanical function to the spine. Biological repair strategies utilizing principles of tissue engineering have demonstrated success in overcoming the inadequacies of current interventions and mechanical implants, yet, none has reached clinical or proof-of-concept trials in humans. In this review, we will discuss annular repair strategies promoting biological healing that have been implemented in small and large animal models in vivo, and ways to enhance the efficacy of these treatments.
Bacteriocin Production by Strains of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (1966)

Kingsbury, David T. (Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.). Bacteriocin production by strains of Neisseria meningitidis. J. Bacteriol. 91:1696-1699. 1966.-Strains of Neisseria meningitidis produce substances inhibitory to other strains of meningococcus. These substances are nontransmissible and show a high degree of strain specificity. The properties of one of these substances resemble those of the class of bacterial inhibitors called bacteriocins. Synthesis of this "meningocin" can be increased as much as 200-fold by induction with mitomycin C. It shows a high degree of heat stability and is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. Six bacteriocins from strains of N. meningitidis have been used to type meningococci. By use of this procedure, strains that were identical serologically were placed into distinct bacteriocin groups.
Anti-staphylococcal plant natural products (2004)

Covering: 1995 to 2003
Shh Maintains Nkx2.1 in the MGE by a Gli3-Independent Mechanism (2006)

Gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons perform crucial roles in cortical development and function. These roles are executed by diverse subgroups of interneurons, and dysfunction of particular subgroups may contribute to a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. In rodents, most cortical interneurons originate in the pallidal telencephalon that also gives rise to the GABAergic neurons of the striatum and other ventral structures. In this paper, we examine the evidence for distinct origins of interneuron subgroups and then discuss the role of the homeobox gene thyroid transcription factor1 (Ttf-1 or Nkx2.1) in the specification of interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Nkx2.1 is induced in the pallidal telencephalon by the action of sonic hedgehog (Shh) that antagonizes formation of the dorsalizing Gli3 repressor (Gli3R) protein. Recent evidence suggests that Shh is also required to maintain Nkx2.1 expression, and thus MGE interneuron specification, during embryonic neurogenesis. Here we provide evidence that, in contrast to the initial induction of Nkx2.1 during telencephalic patterning, the Nkx2.1 maintenance function of Shh does not require blocking the formation of the Gli3R. The plastic nature of Nkx2.1 expression during the age range of interneuron genesis suggests that factors regulating this gene can be critical determinants of the balance of excitation and inhibition in the postnatal cerebral cortex.
Relationship between Particle Mass and Mobility for Diesel Exhaust Particles (2002)

We used the aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) to measure the mass of mobility-classified diesel exhaust particles. This information enabled us to determine the effective density and fractal dimension of diesel particles as a function of engine load. We found that the effective density decreases as particle size increases. TEM images showed that this occurs because particles become more highly agglomerated as size increases. Effective density and fractal dimension increased somewhat as engine load decreased. TEM images suggest that this occurs because these particles contain more condensed fuel and/or lubricating oil. Also, we observed higher effective densities when high-sulfur EPA fuel (approximately 360 ppm S) was used than for Fischer-Tropsch fuel (approximately 0 ppm S). In addition, the effective density provides the relationship between mobility and aerodynamic equivalent diameters. The relationship between these diameters enables us to intercompare, in terms of a common measure of size, mass distributions measured with the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a MOUDI impactor without making any assumptions about particle shape or density. We show that mass distributions of diesel particles measured with the SMPS-APM are in good agreement with distributions measured with a MOUDI and a nano-MOUDI for particles larger than approximately 60 nm. However, significantly more mass and greater variation were observed by the nano-MOUDI for particles smaller than 40 nm than by the SMPS-APM.
Silica-coated quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles for bioimaging applications (Mini-Review) (2010)

Fluorescent quantum dots (e.g., CdSe-ZnS) and magnetic nanoparticles (e.g., Fe(2)O(3) or Fe(3)O(4)) are two important candidate systems that have been emerging as potential probes for bioimaging applications. This review focuses on the development of silica-coated inorganic probes (optical and magnetic) that are originated mainly from the author's laboratory for bioimaging applications. The recent developments in the synthesis of rare earth nanoparticles for multimodality imaging are also delineated.
Treatment of platelets with riboflavin and ultraviolet light mediates complement activation and suppresses monocyte interleukin‐12 production in whole blood (2015)

PI results in decreased LPS-induced monocyte IL-12 production and increased complement activation. The association between platelet-induced complement activation and IL-12 production warrants further investigation.
Molecular Nature of Two Nonconjugative Plasmids Carrying Drug Resistance Genes (1974)

Two nonconjugative R-plasmids, N-SuSm and N-Tc, have been characterized. Both were of relatively small size (5 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) daltons) and present in multiple copies within their respective bacterial hosts. N-SuSm possessed a guanine plus cytosine content of 55%, whereas N-Tc was 49% guanine plus cytosine. Although these plasmids were inherently nontransmissible they could be mobilized by a large variety of transfer agents including Ent, Hly, and K88. The fi(-) transfer factors tested were far more likely (about 200x) to mobilize these nonconjugative plasmids than were the fi(+) transfer factors tested. Although the mobilization phenomenon was not found to be associated with a detectable level of direct stable recombinational union between N-SuSm or N-Tc with a transfer factor, we were able to demonstrate a low level of recombination between these replicons and a transfer factor by P1-mediated transduction. The isolation of recombinants between transfer factors and nonconjugative plasmids presumably represents one means by which unitary molecular types of R-plasmids arise and by which existing R-plasmids may acquire new resistance determinants.