gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin-Film Switching in the Hard Direction by Wall Motion (1961)

Hysteresis loops in thin films observed with the driving field applied perpendicular to the easy axis often exhibit appreciable squareness of the loop, suggesting the existence of another easy axis along what is presumed to be the hard direction. Measurement of the anisotropy in such films indicates a uniaxial anisotropy with the hard axis along the direction in which the second square loop is found. Observing magnetization reversal in these specimens by the Kerr effect, one notices wall motion which is again characteristic of a second easy axis perpendicular to the first. The use of Bitter powder patterns shows this wall activity with sufficient detail to support the theory that the occurrence of an apparent second easy axis can be normal behavior in a film with uniaxial anisotropy. If the characteristics of the film are such as to cause the magnetization to return to a multidomain state when a saturating field is applied along a hard direction and then removed, this direction can be expected to exhibit properties normally associated with an easy axis. The directions which seem to define the hardest axes are then found at angles slightly greater and less than 90°from the real easy axis. The paper describes the theory behind such behavior and the experimental observations which it explains.
Role of triangularis sterni during coughing and sneezing in dogs (1988)

Studies in mammals have found that during breathing the triangularis sterni (TS) muscle regulates expiratory airflow and the end-expiratory position of the rib cage and furthermore that the respiratory activity of this muscle is influenced by a variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli. To assess the role of the TS during coughing and sneezing, electromyograms (EMGs) recorded from the TS were compared with EMGs of the transversus abdominis (TA) in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. During coughing induced by mechanically stimulating the trachea or larynx (n = 7 dogs), peak EMGs increased from 23 +/- 2 to 74 +/- 5 U (P less than 0.00002) for the TS and from 21 +/- 6 to 66 +/- 4 U (P less than 0.0002) for the TA. During sneezing induced by mechanically stimulating the nasal mucosa (n = 3 dogs), peak EMG of the TS increased from 10 +/- 3 to 66 +/- 7 U (P less than 0.005) and peak EMG of the TA increased from 10 +/- 2 to 73 +/- 7 U (P less than 0.02). For both muscles the shape of the EMG changed to an early peaking form during coughs and sneezes. Peak expiratory airflow during coughs of different intensity correlated more closely with peak TS EMG in three dogs and with peak TA EMG in four dogs; peak expiratory airflow during sneezes of different intensity correlated more closely with peak TS than TA EMG in all three animals. These results suggest that the TS is actively recruited during coughing and sneezing and that different neuromuscular strategies may be utilized to augment expiratory airflow.
Metabolic products of microorganisms, 256. Pyrrolams, new pyrrolizidinones produced by <i>Streptomyces olivaceus</i> (1990)

Abstract Pyrrolams A to D ( 1 – 4 ), biosynthetically new pyrrolizidinones produced by Streptomyces olivaceus , have been discovered by chemical screening. Their structures have been determined by spectroscopic methods and by a comparison of ( R )‐dihydropyrrolam A ( 5 ) with a synthetic sample obtained from ( S )‐proline. The pyrrolams differ from the necine bases found in plant‐originating pyrrolizidine alkaloids by their less complicated structures.
ROCA: Robust CAD Model Retrieval and Alignment from a Single Image (2021)

We present ROCA, a novel end-to-end approach that retrieves and aligns 3D CAD models from a shape database to a single input image. This enables 3D perception of an observed scene from a 2D RGB observation, characterized as a lightweight, compact, clean CAD representation. Core to our approach is our differentiable alignment optimization based on dense 2D-3D object correspondences and Procrustes alignment. ROCA can thus provide a robust CAD alignment while simultaneously informing CAD retrieval by leveraging the 2D-3D correspondences to learn geometrically similar CAD models. Experiments on challenging, real-world imagery from ScanNet show that ROCA significantly improves on state of the art, from 9.5% to 17.6% in retrieval-aware CAD alignment accuracy.
Phorbol esters selectively downregulate contractile protein gene expression in terminally differentiated myotubes through transcriptional repression and message destabilization. (1991)

Chronic exposure of differentiated avian skeletal muscle cells in culture to the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (PMA), results in the selective disassembly of sarcomeric structures and loss of muscle-specific contractile proteins, leaving cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins intact. We demonstrate here that these morphological and biochemical changes are accompanied by dramatic and selective decreases in the level of the mRNAs that encode the contractile proteins. We measured the effects of PMA on the transcriptional activity and mRNA stability of four contractile protein genes (alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin, cardiac troponin C [cTnC], and myosin light chain lf [MLClf]) and two nonmuscle genes (beta-cytoplasmic actin and the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH]). The transcriptional activity of the alpha-cardiac actin and cTnC genes dramatically decreased by 8 h after the addition of PMA, while other muscle and nonmuscle genes examined showed no change. Pulse-chase experiments of in vivo labeled RNA showed significant reductions in mRNA half-lifes for all the contractile protein mRNAs examined, while the half-lifes of beta-actin and GAPDH mRNA were unchanged. All of the above effects occurred under conditions in which cellular protein kinase C (PKC) levels had been reduced by greater than 90%. The fact that many of the contractile protein genes remained transcriptionally active despite the fact that the cells were unable to accumulate their mRNAs to any significant extent indicated that the treated cells were still committed to skeletal muscle differentiation. The selective changes in the stability of the contractile protein mRNAs suggest that the control of mRNA stability may be part of the normal regulatory program of skeletal muscle differentiation and that this control may be linked to the integrity of the contractile apparatus and mediated by second messenger pathways involving PKC activation.
An Investigation In The AutomatedDetection Of Blue-Green Algae (1970)

In order to determine water quality, it is important to detect particular organisms, for example Blue-Green Algae. Currently, the detection of these algae is done manually. This paper describes a first investigation of the automatic detection of Blue-Green Algae. Samples of algae were put under a microscope and transferred to a computer. Image processing techniques were then applied to the image to improve the quality and enhance certain features. In particular, a Thresholding LoG operator was successfully implemented to isolate the probable organisms. Detection was achieved with the aid of an automated cell finding algorithm and texture analysis, which incorporated the biological key. Currently two species of Blue-Green Algae have been detected and further species are now being included.
The Segmentation Method--An Approach to the Analysis of Microwave Planar Circuits (Short Papers) (1976)

In many practical planar circuitries, the circuit pattern can be divided into several segments which themselves have simpler shapes such as rectangles. The segmentation method proposed in this short paper is a method in which the characteristics of a planar circuit are computed by combining those of the segmented elements. It features a relatively short computer time required. The principle and computer algorithm are described. Finally, as an example, the application of the proposed method to the trial-and-error optimum design of a ladder-type 3-dB hybrid is described.
A polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary gland (MDGI) is a lipid‐carrying protein (1988)

Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), a polypeptide growth inhibitor isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue, previously shown to have extensive sequence homology with fatty acid-binding proteins, was demonstrated to meet the criteria of a fatty acid-binding protein. The protein was found to bind [3H]palmitic acid in a saturable manner and to be complexed with endogeneous free fatty acids. [3H]palmitic acid, when bound to the protein, was more rapidly taken up by the target cells (human mammary carcinoma cells [MaTu]) than was free [3H]palmitic acid, suggesting a lipid carrier function for the inhibitor. It is suggested that the fatty acid-binding properties of MDGI may relate to its ability to inhibit cell growth in vitro and to regulate other cellular functions.
Electro-optic measurements of thin-film materials by means of reflection differential ellipsometry (1995)

Electro-optic properties of thin-film materials grown on opaque substrates are determined utilizing the principles of reflection differential ellipsometry. The scheme of the measurement involves the detection of the field-induced phase shift in a probing light beam reflected from thin-film samples. To quantitatively determine the field-induced indices change or birefringence and the field-induced strain it is essential to model the differential ellipsometric process in the stratified structure. The modeling reveals that the field-induced changes of the ordinary and the extraordinary indices contribute to the measured phase shift with different incident-angle dependences. The field-induced strain gives yet another unique incident-angle distribution. By means of an incident-angle-varying technique, therefore, the field-induced changes of ordinary index and extraordinary index in a thin-film material may be determined separately. Detailed descriptions of the measuring technique and the modeling work are presented.
Optical and mechanical design of magneto-optical disk heads (1992)

Key factors in designing the optics, lens actuator, and head base for commercial magneto- optical heads are discussed in this paper. The design and performance of two types of magneto-optical disk heads developed at Mitsubishi are presented.
Electrical Characterizations of InGaAs Nanowire-Top-Gate Field-Effect Transistors by Selective-Area Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2007)

Single InGaAs nanowire-top-gate metal–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) were fabricated and characterized. Silicon-doped n-InGaAs nanowires (with a typical diameter of 100 nm) were grown by catalyst-free selective-area metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy (SA-MOVPE). The FETs of single nanowires on SiO2-coated Si substrates were fabricated by defining metal contacts at both ends of the nanowires and the metal top gate between contacts. According to the measurements of drain current–voltage and gate transfer characteristics, the top-gate MESFETs exhibited significant enhancements in device performance characteristics compared with FETs under back-gate operation; that is, a peak transconductance of 33 mS/mm and a current on–off ratio of 103 were obtained. A possibility for further improvements in FET characteristics was also considered.
The efficacy of strategic treatments with ivermectin pour-on against trichostrongylid and lungworm infections in first year grazing calves in northern Germany. (1991)

Three groups of 8 first year grazing calves each were either left untreated as controls (group 1), or were treated with 10 mg levamisole spot-on/kg bodyweight (group 2) or with 0.5 mg ivermectin pour-on/kg bodyweight 3, 8, and 13 weeks after turnout (group 3), respectively. Egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm counts of tracer calves, pepsinogen concentrations and weight gains showed a high efficacy of the strategic treatment in group 3 against gastrointestinal nematodes. The calves of group 1 and 2 developed clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis whereas the group 3 animals remained clinically healthy. The strategic treatment with ivermectin cleaned the respective pasture from infective lungworm larvae.
EXCIPIENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN ABSORPTION: INFLUENCING BIOAVAILABILITY OF CYCLOSPORINE BY TRIGLYCERIDES AND POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS (2006)

The right selection of a type of excipient accompanying cyclosporine affects significantly cyclosporine availability and thus its efficiency.
Facial Expression Recognition Using Human to Animated-Character Expression Translation (2019)

Facial expression recognition is a challenging task due to two major problems: the presence of inter-subject variations in facial expression recognition dataset and impure expressions posed by human subjects. In this paper we present a novel Human-to-Animation conditional Generative Adversarial Network (HA-GAN) to overcome these two problems by using many (human faces) to one (animated face) mapping. Specifically, for any given input human expression image, our HA-GAN transfers the expression information from the input image to a fixed animated identity. Stylized animated characters from the Facial Expression Research Group-Database (FERGDB) are used for the generation of fixed identity. By learning this many-to-one identity mapping function using our proposed HA-GAN, the effect of inter-subject variations can be reduced in Facial Expression Recognition(FER). We also argue that the expressions in the generated animated images are pure expressions and since FER is performed on these generated images, the performance of facial expression recognition is improved. Our initial experimental results on the state-of-the-art datasets show that facial expression recognition carried out on the generated animated images using our HA-GAN framework outperforms the baseline deep neural network and produces comparable or even better results than the state-of-the-art methods for facial expression recognition.
Organic Hydroperoxides at High Concentrations Cause Energization and Activation of ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria (1989)

The addition of high concentrations of cumene or tert-butyl hydroperoxide to previously deenergized mitochondria results in the energization of these mitochondria and activation of ATP synthesis. The energization effect was observed in the presence of 0.5-0.7 mM cumene hydroperoxide or 2.0-2.5 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide. This energization of mitochondria and activation of oxidative phosphorylation by organic hydroperoxides required the presence of ADP in the mitochondrial matrix and does not depend upon the method of deenergization of the mitochondria.
Failure prediction across process window for robust OPC (2003)

In conventional Optical and Process Correction (OPC), models are calibrated with the CD measurement from the “good” printable patterns. Predictions of process window loss are based on extrapolation from the “good” region into the failure region. The extrapolation is always a less accurate process than interpolation. In this paper, we utilize the experimental pass/fail data to build models that accurately identify and predict printing failures. We developed a methodology and a formal apparatus for failure modeling. It is found that two or more aerial image shape parameters are required to describe all failure mechanisms for a sub-100nm process. This empirical failure model is currently applied to Optical Rule Checking (ORC) of the post-OPC layout. It also can be used to constrain layout corrections in the future.
Controlled synthesis of uniform multilayer hexagonal boron nitride films on Fe<sub>2</sub>B alloy (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is highly appreciated for its excellent insulating performance and absence of dangling bonds, which could be employed to maintain the intrinsic properties of 2D materials. However, controllable synthesis of large scale multilayer h-BN is still very challenging. Here, we demonstrate chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of multilayer h-BN by using iron boride (Fe<sub>2</sub>B) alloy and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) as precursors. Different from the self-limited growth mechanism of monolayer h-BN on catalytic metal surfaces, with sufficient B source in the bulk, Fe<sub>2</sub>B alloy promotes the controllable isothermal segregation of multilayer h-BN by reacting with active N atoms on the surface of the substrate. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations prove the high uniformity and crystalline quality of h-BN with a highly orientated layered lattice structure. The achievement of large scale multilayer h-BN in this work would facilitate its applications in 2D electronics and optoelectronics in the future.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Duocarmycin and CC-1065 Analogues Containing Modifications in the Subunit Linking Amide (1999)

The preparation and evaluation of <b>6</b> and <b>7</b>, analogues of the duocarmycins and CC-1065 in which the subunit linking amide has been replaced with an amidine and thioamide, are described. Consistent with the increased electron-withdrawing properties and conjugation of thioamides relative to amides, <b>7</b> showed increased solvolysis reactivity (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>, 160 h versus 230 h) at pH 3, attributable to a diminished vinylogous amide stabilization of the reacting alkylation subunit. Amidine <b>6</b> proved to be even more unstable (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>, 12 h) despite the diminished electron-withdrawing properties, but underwent preferential N<sup>2</sup> amidine linkage hydrolysis rather than solvolysis of the alkylation subunit, attributable to preferential N<sup>2</sup> vinylogous amide versus amidine conjugation. The natural isomers (+)-<b>6</b> and (+)-<b>7</b> exhibited an identical DNA alkylation selectivity as (+)-CBI-TMI and (+)-duocarmycin SA but were less efficient (10-100×). Biological studies of (+)-<b>6</b> and (+)-<b>7</b> (0.75 and 1.1 nM, respectively) indicated the analogues retained good cytotoxic activities (L1210), but were less potent than (+)-duocarmycin SA (0.01 nM, 100×) and (+)-CBI-TMI (0.02 nM, 50×). The enhanced properties of the linking amide versus amidine or thioamide established the N<sup>2</sup> amide as the optimal linking unit examined to date and revealed that it provides a beautiful balance between competing amide (reactivity) and vinylogous amide (stability) conjugation.
Demonstrating smart buildings and smart grid features in a smart energy city (2011)

The paper gives an overview into the features and paradigms of a smart energy city in the framework set for the evolution of existing cities and their transformation to smart cities. The potentials of smart buildings has been scrutinized and put into perspective as the basic building block of cities. A draft model has been developed in Anylogic using system dynamics to demonstrate basic features of several smart houses, equipped with (1) demand side management capabilities, (2) micro renewables (solar and wind), (3) micro energy storage, (4) basic electricity-price based consumption controller. The smart building responds to price signals from the market. The system shown is being coupled with parallel initiatives of smart metering, micro-size renewables and energy management initiatives at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Power Systems Department.
NiCr Alloy As Both Absorption Layer and Top Electrode onto Pb(Zr<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>0.7</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films for Infrared Sensors (2003)

NiCr alloys prepared by dc magnetron sputtering are considered to apply simultaneously both the absorption layer and the top electrode on PZT thin films for infrared sensors. NiCr alloys deposited with dc powers of Ni 80 and Cr 50 W showed the most stable oxidation resistance even at 600°C in an oxygen ambient. They have a resistivity of approximately 70 μΩ-cm and a rms roughness of 2.0 nm in samples annealed at 600°C for 5 min in O2. The NiCr/PZT/Pt capacitors showed a well-saturated hysteresis loop having a remanent polarization of 20 μC/cm2. Ultra-thin NiCr alloys showed a possibility as a top electrode for infrared sensors.
Detection and genotyping of SNPs tightly linked to two disease resistance loci, <i>Rsv1</i> and <i>Rsv3</i>, of soybean (2004)

Abstract Allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) for assaying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) would be more widely used with increased availability of AS primers sufficient to distinguish between SNP alleles. AS‐PCR could be a means unambiguously to detect the presence or absence of PCR products. Examples are given here of the detection and genotyping of SNPs in the genomic DNA fragments tightly linked to two soybean mosaic virus resistance genes, Rsv1 and Rsv3 , with a modified AS‐PCR procedure in soybean. The modified AS‐PCR that introduces an additional base mismatch closest to the 3′‐end of the AS primers and uses publicly available microsatellite markers as positive controls directly determined SNP alleles from primary PCR of genomic DNAs. It was demonstrated that a set of AS primers designed from two adjacent SNP loci could simultaneously detect the two SNP loci. Using the modified procedure, many SNP loci in eight soybean parental lines and F 2 individuals of three mapping populations could be genotyped. The modified AS‐PCR procedure could greatly facilitate small‐to‐medium scale marker‐assisted selection programmes for agronomically important genes.
Small-scale displacement measurement with passive harmonic RF tag using Doppler radar (2013)

Measurement accuracy of the displacement from human cardiopulmonary activities has potential in predicting physiological information for the purpose of biomedical remote sensing and non-contact monitoring. In this paper, an RF frequency doubling tag was used for detecting small displacement with high accuracy. A heterodyne and a homodyne quadrature radar receiving systems were used to detect small scale tag motion and non-tagged motion from a distance, respectively. Arctangent demodulation algorithm and imbalance compensation technique were applied to the raw radar data for displacement estimation. Simulation and experimental results were compared, indicating that by using the frequency doubling tag, a better accuracy can be achieved for small displacement estimation with Doppler radar.
Using the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to estimate suspended sediment concentration (2004)

In this Technical report we outline the method that was developed in our lab for calibrating the Broad Band ADCP to estimate suspended sediment concentration. The MATLAB<sup>(r) </sup> functions mentioned in the report are also included. Software use is on the users own risk.
Proteolytic <sup>18</sup>O Labeling for Comparative Proteomics:  Evaluation of Endoprotease Glu-C as the Catalytic Agent (2002)

Recently, proteolytic 18O labeling has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for comparative proteomic studies (Yao, X.; Freas, A.; Ramirez, J.; Demirev, P. A.; Fenselau, C. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 2836-42). In this approach, protein mixtures are digested in parallel in H216O and H218O and the ratios of isotopically distinct peptide products are measured by mass spectrometry. In the initial report from this laboratory, trypsin was shown to catalyze incorporation of two 18O atoms into the carboxyl terminus of each new peptide formed by cleavage of the adenovirus proteome. In the present study, a second enzyme, endoprotease Glu-C, is evaluated as an agent for cleavage and labeling. Proteolytic 18O labeling by Glu-C is shown to occur readily with phosphorylated and glycosylated proteins and with cysteinealkylated and disulfide-linked proteins. A sequential double-labeling strategy is used to characterize N-linked glycopeptides. Labeled and unlabeled peptide pairs are found to coelute chromatographically, and measurements of isotope ratios by nanospray and capillary LC-MS are found to be accurate and precise.