gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Detection and Concealment Algorithm of Defective Pixel (2007)

This paper proposes a defective pixel detection algorithm for CCD/CMOS image sensors and its hardware architecture. In previous algorithms, the characteristics of images have not been considered and normal pixels can be treated as defective pixels with high possibility. In order to make up for those disadvantages, the proposed algorithm detects defective pixels by considering the characteristics of the image and verifies them using several frames while checking scene-changes. Whenever a scene-change is occurred, potentially defective pixels are detected and verified. The proposed algorithm was implemented with Verilog HDL. Total logic gate count was 5.1k using 0.25um CMOS standard cell library.
Amplification for the hearing impaired (1980)

AMPLIFICATION FOR THE HEARING-IMPAIRED , AMPLIFICATION FOR THE HEARING-IMPAIRED , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Self-Thermal Protecting Power MOSFETs (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A power MOSFET which cuts off current surges itself at critical high temperatures and never breaks or fails thermally has been developed. The thermal sensors consist of PN junction diodes built into the polysilicon layers on the oxides of conventional DMOSFETs.</div>
B diffusion and clustering in ion implanted Si: The role of B cluster precursors (1997)

A comprehensive model for B implantation, diffusion and clustering is presented. The model, implemented in a Monte Carlo atomistic simulator, successfully explains and predicts the behavior of B under a wide variety of implantation and annealing conditions by invoking the formation of immobile precursors of B clusters, prior to the onset of transient enhanced diffusion. The model also includes the usual mechanisms of Si self-interstitial diffusion and B kick-out. The immobile B cluster precursors, such as BI2 (a B atom with two Si self-interstitials) form during implantation or in the very early stages of the annealing, when the Si interstitial supersaturation is very high. They then act as nucleation centers for the formation of B-rich clusters during annealing. The B-rich clusters constitute the electrically inactive B component, so that the clustering process greatly affects both junction depth and doping level in high-dose implants.
Shear-wave velocity and density estimation from <i>PS</i> -wave AVO analysis: Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea (2000)

Abstract S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection, because they help in the discrimination of pore filling fluids. Unfortunately, these two parameters cannot be accurately resolved from conventional P-wave marine data. Recent developments in ocean-bottom seismic (OBS) technology make it possible to acquire high quality S-wave data in marine environments. The use of S-waves for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis can give better estimates of S-wave velocity and density contrasts. Like P-wave AVO, S-wave AVO is sensitive to various types of noise. We investigate numerically and analytically the sensitivity of AVO inversion to random noise and errors in angles of incidence. Synthetic examples show that random noise and angle errors can strongly bias the parameter estimation. The use of singular value decomposition offers a simple stabilization scheme to solve for the elastic parameters. The AVO inversion is applied to an OBS data set from the North Sea. Special prestack processing techniques are required for the success of S-wave AVO inversion. The derived S-wave velocity and density contrasts help in detecting the fluid contacts and delineating the extent of the reservoir sand.
80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer (1999)

We report on 80-Gb/s transmission over 106 km of standard-fiber (D=16 ps/km/nm) using midspan spectral inversion. The optical phase conjugated signal is generated by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The SOA is implemented in a Sagnac-interferometer in order to achieve an efficient continuous-wave-pump suppression. Accompanying simulations show, that at 80 Gb/s, the transmission distance can hardly be enhanced due to the residual pulse broadening by second-order dispersion.
Ultrafast all-optical cell expander for photonic asynchronous transfer-mode networks (1991)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is expected to be the foundation on which future broadband integrated services digital networks (ISDN’s) is built because of its advantages of integrated switching and transport capability, universal interface, and network flexibility. The introduction of photonics in ATM networks is expected to substantially increase switching speed and capability. An optical cell compressor/expander, which generates ultrafast optical cells and reconstitutes them to the original low-bit-rate bulk data stream, is one of the key devices for realizing ultrafast photonic ATM networks.1 Here we report on an ultrafast all-optical cell expander for photonic ATM networks.
An Intelligent System For Phish Detection, Using Dynamic Analysis And Template Matching (2008)

Phishing, or stealing of sensitive information on the web, has dealt a major blow to Internet Security in recent times. Most of the existing anti-phishing solutions fail to handle the fuzziness involved in phish detection, thus leading to a large number of false positives. This fuzziness is attributed to the use of highly flexible and at the same time, highly ambiguous HTML language. We introduce a new perspective against phishing, that tries to systematically prove, whether a given page is phished or not, using the corresponding original page as the basis of the comparison. It analyzes the layout of the pages under consideration to determine the percentage distortion between them, indicative of any form of malicious alteration. The system design represents an intelligent system, employing dynamic assessment which accurately identifies brand new phishing attacks and will prove effective in reducing the number of false positives. This framework could potentially be used as a knowledge base, in educating the internet users against phishing.
The Magainins: sequence factors relevant to increased antimicrobial activity and decreased hemolytic activity. (1992)

The Magainins, two antimicrobial peptides found in the skin of the frog Xenopus laevis, and 50 Magainin analogs were synthesized by the method of simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis (SMPS). This series of peptides was prepared in order to examine the effects of omitting individual amino acids on antimicrobial activity. The series consisted of 22 Magainin 1 omission analogs having a C-terminal carboxyl (M1-C) and 23 Magainin 2 omission analogs having a C-terminal amide (M2-A), as well as both the C-terminal amide and carboxyl forms of Magainin 1 and Magainin 2. These peptides were tested against E. coli (Gram negative), S. epidermis (Gram positive) and C. albicans (yeast). Amino acid omissions in the N-terminal region (residues 1-14) resulted in the complete loss of antimicrobial activity in both Magainin series. These analogs also had very low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. However, analogs with omissions in the C-terminal region, especially residues alanine-15, glycine-18 or glutamic acid-19, while having equal or increased antimicrobial activity relative to the original Magainin 1 or Magainin 2 forms, had variable hemolytic action. Thus, both Magainin 1 and Magainin 2 with the glutamic acid 19 omission had equal activity against E. coli and increased activity against S. epidermis, while having lower hemolytic activity than the original sequences. The amide form of Magainin 2 with glycine 18 omitted had equal antimicrobial activity, but significantly increased hemolytic activity. The C-terminal carboxyl form of Magainin 1, however, showed equal antimicrobial activity, but substantially decreased hemolytic action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analytical study of RGB vertical stripe and RGBX square-shaped subpixel arrangements (2012)

The frequency characteristics of subpixel-based decimation with RGB vertical stripe and RGBX square-shaped subpixel arrangements are studied. To achieve higher apparent resolution than pixel-based decimation, the sampling locations are specially chosen for each of two subpixel arrangements, resulting in relatively small magnitudes of horizontal and vertical aliasing spectra in frequency domain. Thanks to 2-D RGBX square-shaped subpixel arrangement, all the horizontal, vertical, diagonal and anti-diagonal aliasing spectra merely contain low-frequency information, indicating that subpixel-based decimation with RGBX square-shaped panel is more effective in retaining original high frequency details than RGB vertical stripe subpixel arrangement.
Novel Catalysis of Hydroquinone Autoxidation with Nitrogen Oxides (1994)

An efficient catalytic method is described for the preparative conversion of hydroquinones to quinones with dioxygen under mild conditions. The use of the gaseous nitrogen oxide (NOx) catalyst allows a simple workup procedure for the isolation of quinones in essentially quantitative yields by merely removing the low-boiling solvent dichloromethane in vacuo. The mechanism of the catalytic autoxidation of hydroquinones is ascribed to the critical role of nitrosonium (NO+) in the oneelectron oxidation of hydroquinone, followed by the reoxidation of the reduced nitric oxide (NO) with dioxygen. An extensive series of complex interchanges among various NOx, species in nitrogen-(V), -(IV), -(III), and -(II) oxidation states, coupled with stepwise oxidation of hydroquinone via a successive series of one-electron/proton transfers, form the critical components of the catalytic cycle.
Regulation of activity and function of the p52 NF-κB subunit following DNA damage  (2010)

We have previously shown that after DNA-damage, the p52 NF-kB subunit can function cooperatively with the p53 tumor suppressor to both repress and induce Skp2 expression. However, the wider role and activation of p52 after DNA-damage has not been determined. Activation of NF-kB in response to DNA break inducers can be mediated by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)-dependent phosphorylation of NEMO (NF-kB essential modulator), resulting in IKKβ mediated induction of the classical NF-kB pathway, leading to the induction of RelA(p65)/p50 dimers. Here, we show that DNA damage also induces p100 (NF-kB2) processing to generate active p52. We further demonstrate that p52 generation is dependent not only on IKKα but also on atypical activation by NEMO/ATM. Moreover, we identify a post-DNA damage, positive feedback loop of p52 activation through induction of NF-kB2 gene expression, involving both the classical and alternative NF-kB pathways. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated DNA damage induced p52 dimer recruitment on multiple, p53 dependent and independent, target genes associated with promoting cell cycle arrest and cell death. These results demonstrate an important role for the alternative, p52 NF-kB pathway after DNA-damage distinct from its functions as a regulator of adaptive immunity.
Performance-Based Cyber Resilience Metrics: An Applied Demonstration Toward Moving Target Defense (2018)

Energy resilience has emerged as a national security priority over the past fifteen years. Recent research efforts have aimed to develop metrics and analysis methods for energy resilience, but most of those efforts have focused on extreme weather and other natural hazards as the threat of interest. This paper introduces a novel set of resilience metrics and exemplifies how they can be applied to analyze resilience for growing concerns about cyber threats. The metrics are formally described with mathematical equations and demonstrated in a case study that evaluates the resilience benefits of a new moving target defense technology.
Engineering the steroid-specificity of an anti-17beta-estradiol Fab by random mutagenesis and competitive phage panning (1998)

We have employed random mutagenesis and phage display to improve the steroid-specificity of an anti-17beta-estradiol Fab fragment. The VH domain was mutated using error-prone PCR; the mutation rate was controlled by adjusting the number of effective duplications. A phage library of 2 x 10(6) independent mutants was generated, each mutant containing on average 24 amino acid changes. We selected for decreased testosterone (TES) cross-reactivity by adding a large excess TES as a competitor to the panning reactions. After four panning rounds, the cross-reactivities of the individual mutant clones ranged from 19 to 4%, showing up to 20-fold improvement over the original value (78%). Estradiol affinities were mainly unchanged. Sequencing of the VH regions revealed two hot spots, one located around Ser32 in CDR1 and the other around Thr52A in CDR2, while no mutations were found in CDR3. Although most clones had multiple mutations, it was possible to deduce the residues relevant to the improved specificity by comparing the sequences and binding data of the mutants. We demonstrated that controlled error-prone PCR mutagenesis is a rapid method to identify such key residues, lending itself to the scanning of 'lead' positions for further mutagenesis by other methods.
Glutamate neurons in hypothalamus regulate excitatory transmission (1993)

The hypothalamus is the crucial part of the brain that regulates homeostasis throughout the body. It governs the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, temperature, heart rate, emotional and motivational states, reproduction, energy and water balances, and circadian rhythms. In contrast to the prevailing belief that hypothalamic neurons use peptides, neuromodulators, or other slow-acting agents as their principal neuroactive substances, we present data indicating that the primary excitatory transmitter released by medial hypothalamic neurons is glutamate. This surprising new evidence is based on three converging approaches: Immunogold cytochemistry revealed that some hypothalamic neurons and their processes in vitro contained high amounts of immunoreactive glutamate. Ca2+ digital video imaging showed that cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels of cultured neurons, elevated because of spontaneous presynaptic release of a hypothalamic transmitter, were reduced by perfusion with the selective glutamate receptor antagonists cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline and 2-aminophosphonovaleric acid. Electrophysiological analysis of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from single and pairs of monosynaptically coupled hypothalamic neurons in culture showed that virtually all spontaneous and evoked EPSPs appear to be mediated by synaptic secretion of glutamate.
Perfusion CT in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Interferon (2009)

Patients with highly vascularized metastatic RCC as shown by high baseline tumor blood flow appear to have a worse prognosis than those who do not. Tumor perfusion may be a useful biomarker of prognosis and additionally, in the future, may assist in treatment stratification. The potential utility of perfusion CT as an early response indicator was probably inadequately assessed in this study because of the limited antiangiogenic activity of interferon in metastatic RCC.
InGaAs-GaAs strained-layer quantum well buried heterostructure lasers (λ&gt;1 μm) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1989)

Data are presented on long-wavelength (λ&gt;1 μm) strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs quantum well buried heterostructure lasers grown by a two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process. Wet chemical etched mesas with an active region width of 3.5 μm are formed in a step-graded InGaAs-GaAs quantum well structure using an oxide mask. Selective MOCVD regrowth is used to form the buried heterostructure. Data are presented for devices having output powers of greater than 130 mW/facet, pulsed threshold currents of less than 7 mA, and internal quantum efficiencies of greater than 60%, for an emission wavelength of 1.074 μm. The near-field patterns indicate stable index-guided fundamental mode operation to greater than 30Ith.
Development of power quality diagnosis system for power quality improvement (2004)

This paper represents the structure and functions of total power quality data management system including power quality monitoring system (PQMS), GUI system, and PQ diagnosis system. PQMS characterizes RMS value, harmonics, and frequency, and detects power quality (PQ) events. GUI system manages and stores power quality data received from a number of PQMSs and displays the power quality trends and events. PQ diagnosis system gives total solution of power quality problems such as statistical analysis, event prediction, power quality indexing, event identification, remedy suggestion, etc. Therefore, users can improve their power quality level according to advices provided by PQ diagnosis system. This paper explains the functions of PQ diagnosis system in detail. Moreover, a prototype of PQ diagnosis system as well as PQMS and GUI system is constructed and tested.
The Synthesis of Coenzyme Q (1974)

Abstract A new, efficient synthesis of coenzyme Q is described. The bromination of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone gives 6-bromo-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone, which is then converted to the corresponding hydroquinone diacetate by the action of zinc dust in acetic anhydride. 6-Bromo-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylhydroquinone diacetate is reacted with 1,1-dimethyl-π-allylnickel bromide in hexamethylphosphoramide at 60 °C to afford a 70% yield of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-prenylhydroquinone diacetate, which is hydrogenolyzed with lithium aluminum hydride in ether and then oxidized with aqueous ferric chloride to give coenzyme Q1 in 76% yield. Similarly, coenzyme Q2, Q9, and Q10, and 6′, 10′, 14′-hexahydrocoenzyme Q4 are synthesized by the reaction of the aryl bromide with π-geranyl-, π-solanesyl-, π-decaprenyl-, and π-phytylnickel bromide respectively and by subsequent treatment with LiAlH4 and FeCl3. The stereochemistry of the products is also described.
Stable Self-Assembled Atomic-Switch Networks for Neuromorphic Applications (2017)

Nature-inspired neuromorphic architectures are being explored as an alternative to imminent limitations of conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor architectures. Utilization of such architectures for practical applications like advanced pattern recognition tasks will require synaptic connections that are both reconfigurable and stable. Here, we report realization of stable atomic-switch networks (ASNs), with inherent complex connectivity, self-assembled from percolating metal nanoparticles (NPs). The device conductance reflects the configuration of synapses, which can be modulated via voltage stimulus. By controlling Relative Humidity and oxygen partial-pressure during NP deposition, we obtain stochastic conductance switching that is stable over several months. Detailed characterization reveals signatures of electric-field-induced atomic-wire formation within the tunnel-gaps of the oxidized percolating network. Finally, we show that the synaptic structure can be reconfigured by stimulating at different repetition rates, which can be utilized as short-term to long-term memory conversion. This demonstration of stable stochastic switching in ASNs provides a promising route to hardware implementation of biological neuronal models and, as an example, we highlight possible applications in reservoir computing.
Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Synthesis of Functionalized 2,6‐Dioxohexahydropyrimidines in 1 M Aqueous Glucose (2007)

Abstract An effective route to novel 2,6‐dioxohexahydropyrimidines is described. This involves reaction of alkyl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of N,N′‐dimethylurea in 1M aq. glucose.
Edge detection via a fast and adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (2008)

This paper presents a new approach of edge detection utilizing bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) technique. For this purpose a recently developed fast and adaptive BEMD (FABEMD) is employed to decompose the given image into several bidimensional intrinsic mode functions (BIMFs). In FABEMD, order statistics filters (OSFs) are employed to get the upper and lower envelopes in the decomposition process, instead of the surface interpolation, which enables fast decomposition and well characterized BIMFs. Since the first BIMF provides the highest local spatial variations and/or scales of the image, this BIMF is then processed for obtaining the edge. Binarization and morphological operations are applied as post processing operations to the first BIMF to achieve the desired edge map. The proposed method is compared with two other standard techniques namely, Canny and Sobel edge operators. Simulation results with real images demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for edge detection.
Heterodyne Detection of a Weak Light Beam* (1966)

An analysis is made of the problem of detecting a weak. light beam from a distant source in the presence of a background of much greater intensity, by the photoelectric heterodyne technique. In this method the incident light is superposed on the light beam from a local laser, whose frequency can be adjusted by a feedback arrangement so as to maximize a certain “beat note” in the output of the detector. With the aid of plausible assumptions it is shown that the effectiveness of the method is largely independent of the intensity of the background light, and of the fluctuation properties of the incident light. The key parameter is the number of photoelectrons released by the signal beam in a time comparable with its coherence time.
Carbon Nanotube-Supported Copper-Cobalt Catalyst for the Production of Higher Carbon Number Alcohols through Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation (2017)

A series of carbon nanotube (CNTs)-supported copper-cobalt catalysts were prepared and investigated in a slurry reactor for their ability to selectively convert syngas into higher carbon number alcohols. The 7.5Cu7.5Co/CNTs catalyst achieved superior selectivity towards the formation of ethanol (30.1%) and C 2+ alcohols (57.7%), while the 10Co5Cu/CNTs catalyst exhibited the largest alcohol space-time yield (372.9 mg g cat -1 h -1 ). However, the pure Cu (15Cu/CNTs) catalyst displayed negligible activity. Cobalt reduction was enhanced in the presence of copper. In addition to the Cu 0 -Co 0 center, Co 0 -Co 2+ also presented dual active sites for higher alcohols synthesis, the Co 2+ site could terminate carbon chain growth to produce alcohols. The ratio of Cu/Co considerably influences the metal particle properties-synergistically effecting the active species.