gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-area traffic (1994)

Network arrivals are often modeled as Poisson processes for analytic simplicity, even though a number of traffic studies have shown that packet interarrivals are not exponentially distributed. We evaluate 21 wide-area traces, investigating a number of wide-area TCP arrival processes (session and connection arrivals, FTPDATA connection arrivals within FTP sessions, and TELNET packet arrivals) to determine the error introduced by modeling them using Poisson processes. We find that user-initiated TCP session arrivals, such as remote-login and file-transfer, are well-modeled as Poisson processes with fixed hourly rates, but that other connection arrivals deviate considerably from Poisson; that modeling TELNET packet interarrivals as exponential grievously underestimates the burstiness of TELNET traffic, but using the empirical Tcplib[DJCME92] interarrivals preserves burstiness over many time scales; and that FTPDATA connection arrivals within FTP sessions come bunched into “connection burst”, the largest of which are so large that they completely dominate FTPDATA traffic. Finally, we offer some preliminary results regarding how our findings relate to the possible self-similarity of wide-area traffic.
Expression of a novel FGF in the<i>Xenopus</i>embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification (1992)

We have cloned and sequenced a new member of the fibroblast growth factor family from Xenopus laevis embryo cDNA. It is most closely related to both mammalian kFGF (FGF-4) and FGF-6 but as it is not clear whether it is a true homologue of either of these genes we provisionally refer to it as XeFGF (Xenopus embryonic FGF). Two sequences were obtained, differing by 11% in derived amino acid sequence, which probably represent pseudotetraploid variants. Both the sequence and the behaviour of in vitro translated protein indicates that, unlike bFGF (FGF-2), XeFGF is a secreted molecule. Recombinant XeFGF protein has mesoderm-inducing activity with a specific activity similar to bFGF. XeFGF mRNA is expressed maternally and zygotically with a peak during the gastrula stage. Both probe protection and in situ hybridization showed that the zygotic expression is concentrated in the posterior of the body axis and later in the tailbud. Later domains of expression were found near the midbrain/hindbrain boundary and at low levels in the myotomes. Because of its biological properties and expression pattern, XeFGF is a good candidate for an inducing factor with possible roles both in mesoderm induction at the blastula stage and in the formation of the anteroposterior axis at the gastrula stage.
Syntheses and crystal structures of divalent complexes with a new hexadentate ligand derived from 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ‡ (1998)

Mononuclear complexes [Ni(lbptcn)][ClO4]2, [Cu(lbptcn)][ClO4]2 and [Fe(lbptcn)][ClO4]2 with a new hexadentate ligand 1-(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)-4,7-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (lbptcn) having unequivalent pendant arms have been prepared and characterized by electronic spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
ASMD with duty cycle correction scheme for high-speedDRAM (2001)

An analogue synchronous mirror delay with duty cycle correction scheme (ASMDCC), to improve the data transmission performance between DRAM and system, is proposed. The ASMDCC achieves duty cycle correction and clock synchronisation at once within two clock cycles, by using a half value current source. The simulation results show the duty cycle of the internal clock is stabilised with less than ±100 ps deviation from 50% for the wide duty cycle range.
An <i>Ex Vivo</i> Platform for the Prediction of Clinical Response in Multiple Myeloma (2017)

Multiple myeloma remains treatable but incurable. Despite a growing armamentarium of effective agents, choice of therapy, especially in relapse, still relies almost exclusively on clinical acumen. We have developed a system, <i>Ex vivo</i> Mathematical Myeloma Advisor (EMMA), consisting of patient-specific mathematical models parameterized by an <i>ex vivo</i> assay that reverse engineers the intensity and heterogeneity of chemosensitivity of primary cells from multiple myeloma patients, allowing us to predict clinical response to up to 31 drugs within 5 days after bone marrow biopsy. From a cohort of 52 multiple myeloma patients, EMMA correctly classified 96% as responders/nonresponders and correctly classified 79% according to International Myeloma Working Group stratification of level of response. We also observed a significant correlation between predicted and actual tumor burden measurements (Pearson <i>r</i> = 0.5658, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Preliminary estimates indicate that, among the patients enrolled in this study, 60% were treated with at least one ineffective agent from their therapy combination regimen, whereas 30% would have responded better if treated with another available drug or combination. Two <i>in silico</i> clinical trials with experimental agents ricolinostat and venetoclax, in a cohort of 19 multiple myeloma patient samples, yielded consistent results with recent phase I/II trials, suggesting that EMMA is a feasible platform for estimating clinical efficacy of drugs and inclusion criteria screening. This unique platform, specifically designed to predict therapeutic response in multiple myeloma patients within a clinically actionable time frame, has shown high predictive accuracy in patients treated with combinations of different classes of drugs. The accuracy, reproducibility, short turnaround time, and high-throughput potential of this platform demonstrate EMMA's promise as a decision support system for therapeutic management of multiple myeloma. <i>Cancer Res; 77(12); 3336-51. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Benchmarking Relatedness Inference Methods with Genome-Wide Data from Thousands of Relatives (2017)

Inferring relatedness from genomic data is an essential component of genetic association studies, population genetics, forensics, and genealogy. While numerous methods exist for inferring relatedness, thorough evaluation of these approaches in real data has been lacking. Here, we report an assessment of 12 state-of-the-art pairwise relatedness inference methods using a data set with 2485 individuals contained in several large pedigrees that span up to six generations. We find that all methods have high accuracy (92-99%) when detecting first- and second-degree relationships, but their accuracy dwindles to <43% for seventh-degree relationships. However, most identical by descent (IBD) segment-based methods inferred seventh-degree relatives correct to within one relatedness degree for >76% of relative pairs. Overall, the most accurate methods are Estimation of Recent Shared Ancestry (ERSA) and approaches that compute total IBD sharing using the output from GERMLINE and Refined IBD to infer relatedness. Combining information from the most accurate methods provides little accuracy improvement, indicating that novel approaches, such as new methods that leverage relatedness signals from multiple samples, are needed to achieve a sizeable jump in performance.
CK2 targeted RNAi therapeutic delivered via malignant cell-directed tenfibgen nanocapsule: dose and molecular mechanisms of response in xenograft prostate tumors (2016)

CK2, a protein serine/threonine kinase, promotes cell proliferation and suppresses cell death. This essential-for-survival signal demonstrates elevated expression and activity in all cancers examined, and is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we present data on the efficacy of a tenfibgen (TBG) coated nanocapsule which delivers its cargo of siRNA (siCK2) or single stranded RNA/DNA oligomers (RNAi-CK2) simultaneously targeting CK2α and α' catalytic subunits. Intravenous administration of TBG-siCK2 or TBG-RNAi-CK2 resulted in significant xenograft tumor reduction at low doses in PC3-LN4 and 22Rv1 models of prostate cancer. Malignant cell uptake and specificity in vivo was verified by FACS analysis and immunofluorescent detection of nanocapsules and PCR detection of released oligomers. Dose response was concordant with CK2αα' RNA transcript levels and the tumors demonstrated changes in CK2 protein and in markers of proliferation and cell death. Therapeutic response corresponded to expression levels for argonaute and GW proteins, which function in oligomer processing and translational repression. No toxicity was detected in non-tumor tissues or by serum chemistry. Tumor specific delivery of anti-CK2 RNAi via the TBG nanoencapsulation technology warrants further consideration of translational potential.
Reinforcement of Polymeric Submicrometer‐sized Fibers by Microfibrillated Cellulose (2012)

Abstract To improve their mechanical properties, biodegradable network‐forming microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is introduced into PEO fibers by an electrospinning (e‐spinning) procedure. The influence of MFC is investigated with respect to e‐spinning process parameters as well as morphological and mechanical properties of the fibers. The determination of the Young's modulus is established using both macro‐tensile testing procedures of aligned fiber patches and AFM on single fibers. Highly filled fiber systems are obtained, showing an enhancement of Young's modulus by a factor of up to ten compared to pure PEO fibers. The morphological investigations reveal fibers with circular cross‐sections incorporating homogeneously dispersed MFC within the polymer matrix. The introduction of MFC has no relevant effect on processing and the appearance of the fiber. magnified image
Cadmium-free quantum dots as time-gated bioimaging probes in highly-autofluorescent human breast cancer cells (2012)

We report cadmium-free, biocompatible (Zn)CuInS(2) quantum dots with long fluorescence lifetimes as superior bioimaging probes using time-gated detection to suppress cell autofluorescence and improve the signal : background ratio by an order of magnitude. These results will be important for developing non-toxic fluorescence imaging probes for ultrasensitive biomedical diagnostics.
Expression and purification of malate dehydrogenase gene in Taenia solium and immunologic analysis of the recombinant proteins (2011)

The objective of this study was to clone and express the gene named as malate dehydrogenase gene(MDH) in Taenia Solium,and to analyze the immunogenicity of its recombinant protein.The coding region of MDH was amplified with PCR,cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and expressed in E.coli BL21/DE3 with IPTG induction.In addition,the immunogenicity of the purified recombinant proteins was analyzed by Western blotting.PCR,double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant expression plasmid was successfully constructed.The expression products were obtained and purified by His-Ni2+ affinity chromatography.Western blotting analysis of MDH recombinant protein testified that these proteins could be recognized by sera of the patients infected with T.asiatica and T.rhynchus saginatus.Results suggested that the MDH gene of T.solium has been cloned and expressed,and the purified protein has been confirmed with immunogenicity.
[Studies on new superelastic NiTi orthodontic wire. (Part 1) Tensile and bend test (author's transl)]. (1982)

NiTi alloy has attracted the most public interest in recent years. This alloy has two unique properties, one is "shape memory effect" and the other is "outstanding elasticity". NiTi wire with the property of outstanding elasticity suggested it could be useful in orthodontics. Recently new NiTi alloy which had other characteristics of "superelasticity" was developed. In this study, new superelastic NiTi wire was examined to evaluate for use in orthodontics, in tensile and bend tests, compared with stainless steel, Co-Cr alloy and work hardened NiTi wire. The results obtained are as follows: (1) New superelastic NiTi wire showed unique stress-strain curve with a plateau from the strain of 2% to 5%, the unique deformation behavior was caused by stress induced transformation, and returned to almost zero strain as stress was reduced. (2) New superelastic NiTi wire showed an elongation of about 11%. In the cyclic tensile tests to the strain of 8%, new superelastic NiTi wire showed little permanent deformation of 0.5% after 10 cycles. (3) In bend tests, new superelastic NiTi wire showed lower than half load compared with stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy wires. Its permanent deformation was very little after 2 mm deflection. (4) The load-deflection curve of new superelastic NiTi wire showed almost constant load in the wide range of deflection. The results of this study indicate that new superelastic NiTi wire must be considered as a promising candidate for orthodontic arch wire.
The lawful piracy of James Joyces poems (2020)

No negative space of which I am aware is as impressive for its historical longevity and social impact as the copyright vacuum that existed for foreign works in America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than forgo the opportunity of reprinting the latest transatlantic titles - works by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Walter Scott, and many other popular authors - American publishers learned to live in the immediate moment, to extract quick profits through first-mover tactics. They planted agents in England to watch for the latest publications; engaged lightning-fast typesetters, printers, and distributors; and had the grit and resilience to face the inevitable prompt competition for the same work and to move on when rivals swallowed up the early advantages. To regulate competition for free foreign works, publishers agreed among themselves to treat these resources as if they were protected by copyright. These informal “courtesy” norms still existed when James Joyce became the target of lawful piracy.
Pioglitazone is as effective as dexamethasone in a cockroach allergen-induced murine model of asthma (2007)

Given the potent effectiveness shown by PIO, we conclude that PPAR-gamma agonists deserve investigation as potential therapies for human asthma.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel<i>N</i>-Oxydihydropyrrole Derivatives with a Substituted Spirocyclohexyl Group (2003)

A series of 5-spirocyclohexyl-3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one derivatives (3) with various substituents on the spirocyclohexyl ring was synthesized and evaluated for its insecticidal activity against the aphid, Myzus persicae. Substituents at the 1- and 4-positions of the dihydropyrrole ring were also varied to optimize the activity. An investigation of the structure-activity relationship revealed that methoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, ethylenedioxy and methoxyimino groups were favorable as substituents at the 4-position of the spirocyclohexyl ring. The activity was optimized by the respective substitution of a methoxy or methoxymethoxy moiety and cyclopropylcarbonyloxy group at the 1- and 4-positions of the dihydropyrrole ring.
XXXVIII.—Benzyl and ethyl derivatives of silicon tetrachloride (1909)

G. Martin and F. S. Kipping, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1909, 95, 302 DOI: 10.1039/CT9099500302
Evaluating the effectiveness of interactive marketing (1993)

Demonstrates that quantity of provider/customer interaction – specifically interaction intensity and information intensity – is associated both with satisfaction and repurchase intentions, by studying 224 high net worth buyers of two banking services. Lends additional support to the field of interactive marketing.
Pilot-assisted interference alignment in time-selective fading channels (2013)

The spectral efficiency achievable by IA (interference alignment) in a K-user interference channel is studied in the face of time-selective fading explicitly estimated through pilot-symbol observations. The robustness of IA is assessed through a joint optimization of the pilot overhead and the IA update interval, which are characterized-in the high-power conditions where IA is relevant-as solutions of a fixed-point equation.
Doping engineering for improved immunity against BV softness and BV shift in trench power MOSFET (2016)

In this paper, we report typical soft breakdown and BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSS</sub> walk-in/walk-out phenomena observed in the development of ON semiconductor's T8 60V trench power MOSFET. These breakdown behaviors show strong correlation with doping profile. We propose two 1D location-dependent variables, Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">int</sub> (y) and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ave</sub> (y), to assist the study, and demonstrate the effectiveness of them in revealing hidden information behind regular SIMS data. Our study details the methodology of engineering doping profiles for improved breakdown stability.
Human Family with Sequence Similarity 60 Member A (FAM60A) Protein: a New Subunit of the Sin3 Deacetylase Complex (2012)

Here we describe the function of a previously uncharacterized protein, named family with sequence similarity 60 member A (FAM60A) that maps to chromosome 12p11 in humans. We use quantitative proteomics to determine that the main biochemical partners of FAM60A are subunits of the Sin3 deacetylase complex and show that FAM60A resides in active HDAC complexes. In addition, we conduct gene expression pathway analysis and find that FAM60A regulates expression of genes that encode components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Moreover, our studies reveal that loss of FAM60A or another component of the Sin3 complex, SDS3, leads to a change in cell morphology and an increase in cell migration. These studies reveal the function of a previously uncharacterized protein and implicate the Sin3 complex in suppressing cell migration.
Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Important Nitroaromatic Co-contaminants of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Highly Contaminated Soils (2001)

Until this day, large amounts of TNT and related nitroaromatic compounds are found in soils. To obtain basic data for alkaline hydrolysis of these compounds as a novel remediation technology for contaminated soils, we investigated two soils (HTNT2, ELBP2) from two former ammunition plants in Germany. Hydrolysis was performed at pH 11 and pH 12 by addition of Ca(OH)2. During treatment at pH 12 the TNT content dropped to almost zero, and the content of the aminodinitrotoluenes (2A-4,6DNT, 4A-2,6DNT) and the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) decreased by about 75% (only HTNT2) and 63%, respectively. The experimental data were described using a pseudo-first-order kinetic. Furthermore, an increase of 2,6-DNT and trinitrobenzene (TNB) as well as in one case also of TNT was initially noted in addition to hydrolysis, leading temporarily to an increase of their total amounts of up to 147%, 986%, and 122%, respectively. The results demonstrate that alkaline hydrolysis is difficult when nitroaromatics except TNT represent the major contaminants. However, regarding 2,6-DNT and TNB higher reduction rates than calculated were actually achieved by alkaline hydrolysis. In the case that TNT is the only contaminant or if it is accompanied by certain lower concentrated nitroaromatics alkaline hydrolysis is a valuable remediation technology, especially for soils that are highly contaminated.
Commitment and differentiation of stem cells to the osteoclast lineage (1998)

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic cells which play important roles in bone remodeling and resorption. They have phenotypic characteristics of the monocyte/macrophage lineages. In this review we first describe the phylogeny of osteoclasts. Osteoclast generation is closely linked to the presence of bone tissues. The formation of bone cavities in aquatic animals is underdeveloped, even though they have cells which have the potential to differentiate into osteoclasts. Next we describe recent advances in our understanding of osteoclastogenesis that have resulted from the identification of critical molecules and mutated genes of osteopetrotic mice. Reports that transcriptional factors PU.1 and c-Fos are essential for commitment and (or) differentiation into the osteoclast lineage and novel culture systems, which have clarified some characteristics of osteoclast precursors, are also described. We are now able to induce mature osteoclasts from hematopoietic stem cells and even from totipotent embryonic stem cells. Cell lines that differentiate into osteoclasts are also available. Using these culture systems and cell lines, the interactions of osteoclasts with osteoblastic stromal cells, which produce critical molecules for osteoclastogenesis, have been studied. Very recently, one of these critical molecules, osteoclast differentiation factor/osteoprotegerin-ligand, was cloned. The presence of this factor and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor is sufficient to induce osteoclast development in cultures inoculated only with an osteoclast precursor cell line. We review the present status and the remaining questions in osteoclast biology.
Variable rate speech compression by encoding subsets of the PARCOR coefficients (1983)

In LPC analysis, the speech signal is divided into frames each of which is represented by a vector of estimated vocal tract parameters, assumed to be constant throughout the frame. For many sounds, these parameters do not change significantly from one frame to the next, and some of them can often be adequately represented by previously transmitted values. In the LPC coding systems described in this paper, a number of alternative representations are considered for each frame. These representations (vectors) are combinations of PARCOR coefficients from the current frame and from previous frames. Several consecutive frames are analyzed at once, and all the possible sequences of PARCOR coefficient vectors are examined. The sequence which minimizes a preselected cost function is chosen for transmission, resulting in a reduced overall data rate. The examination of all the decision sequences is equivalent to a decision tree search, which is most efficiently accomplished through dynamic programming. Using these techniques, LPC encoded speech at 1200 bits/s is demonstrated to be of quality comparable to a constant rate LPC vocoder at 2400 bits/s.
Predictive Versus Preventive Maintenance: Future Control Technologies in Motor Diagnosis and System Wellness (2004)

This paper presents electrical equipment maintenance by condition-based maintenance (CBM). In the CBM approach, equipment maintenance based on a routine schedule can be replaced with an approach based on system wellness diagnostics. This approach might rely on noninvasive monitoring of three-phase induction motors to report equipment condition and enable maintenance intervention before a failure occurs. Pump cavitation, rotational unbalance and mechanical alignment are some of the areas where a mathematical model has been developed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, enabling online diagnostics during operation. Also discusses mathematical model and field tests to validate the model and introduce a motor-wellness relay that could be used to perform online diagnostics. Alternative system communication architecture to support a wellness platform are also reviewed and discussed.