gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Natalizumab on Circulating CD4+ T-Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment with the monoclonal antibody natalizumab effectively reduces the formation of acute lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Natalizumab binds the integrin very late antigen (VLA)-4, expressed on the surface of immune cells, and inhibits VLA-4 dependent transmigration of circulating immune-cells across the vascular endothelium into the CNS. Recent studies suggested that natalizumab treated MS patients have an increased T-cell pool in the blood compartment which may be selectively enriched in activated T-cells. Proposed causes are sequestration of activated T-cells due to reduced extravasation of activated and pro-inflammatory T-cells or due to induction of VLA-4 mediated co-stimulatory signals by natalizumab. In this study we examined how natalizumab treatment altered the distribution of effector and memory T-cell subsets in the blood compartment and if T-cells in general or myelin-reactive T-cells in particular showed signs of increased immune activation. Furthermore we examined the effects of natalizumab on CD4(+) T-cell responses to myelin in vitro. Natalizumab-treated MS patients had significantly increased numbers of effector-memory T-cells in the blood. In T-cells from natalizumab-treated MS patients, the expression of TNF-α mRNA was increased whereas the expression of fourteen other effector cytokines or transcription factors was unchanged. Natalizumab-treated MS patients had significantly decreased expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD134 on CD4(+)CD26(HIGH) T-cells, in blood, and natalizumab decreased the expression of CD134 on MBP-reactive CD26(HIGH)CD4(+) T-cells in vitro. Otherwise CD4(+) T-cells from natalizumab-treated and untreated MS patients showed similar responses to MBP. In conclusion natalizumab treatment selectively increased the effector memory T-cell pool but not the activation state of T-cells in the blood compartment. Myelin-reactive T-cells were not selectively increased in natalizumab treated MS.
A C-band high-efficiency second-harmonic-tuned hybrid power amplifier in GaN technology (2006)

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and test of high-efficiency, high-power C-band harmonic-tuned power amplifiers in GaN technology is reported. The amplifier has been designed utilizing second-harmonic tuning for high-efficiency operation, thus exploiting the high-breakdown voltage peculiarity of GaN-based devices. Realized in a hybrid form, the amplifier has been characterized in terms of small-signal, power, and intermodulation (IMD) performance. An operating bandwidth over 20% around 5.5 GHz, with 33-dBm minimum output power, and 60% drain efficiency at center frequency is demonstrated, together with low IMD
Active Inductor based Low Noise Amplifier for Ultra Wide Band Receiver (2012)

In this paper a three stage Active Inductor (AI) based Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) receiver is presented. A fully differential topology has been adopted in order to improve the circuit robustness against unwanted common mode signals. T-coil peaking is used to enhance the bandwidth over the entire Ultra Wide Band frequency range. Active inductor is employed because of its low area, tunable inductance and high quality factor. Simultaneous Noise and Impedance Matching (SNIM) is employed to reduce the noise figure of the design. Resistive source degeneration has been implemented to improve the linearity of the circuit. The proposed LNA is designed using 90nm CMOS technology. The proposed LNA achieves power gain (S 21 ) greater than 12dB throughout the UWB spectrum providing a bandwidth of 4 -11 GHz. The input matching (S 11 ) and output matching (S 22 ) are kept well below -10 dB and -8dB respectively, while the reverse isolation (S 12 ) is less than -43 dB providing a linearity of -6.9 dBm. Upon adoption of SNIM the Noise Figure falls in the range 4.4 -8.2 dB.
Biomarkers for the prediction of acute kidney injury: a narrative review on current status and future challenges (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Efforts to change its clinical course have failed because clinically available therapeutic measures are currently lacking, and early detection is impossible with serum creatinine (SCr). The demand for earlier markers has prompted the discovery of several candidates to serve this purpose. In this paper, we review available biomarker studies on the early predictive performance in developing AKI in adult critically ill patients. We make an effort to present the results from the perspective of possible clinical utility.
Tunable and selective wavelength conversion using fiber four-wave mixing with two pump lights (1994)

Tunable wavelength conversion is described using fiber four-wave mixing. Utilizing two pump lights, a signal light is converted from an arbitrary frequency to another one regardless of the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber. Selective conversion is also possible by adjusting one of the pump light frequencies, where one of the multiplexed signals is selectively converted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanostructured β-Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> for All-Solid Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Tracing Air-Borne Infection by a New Technique—The Detection of Beer Cocci (1949)

(1949). Tracing Air-Borne Infection by a New Technique—The Detection of Beer Cocci. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 7, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1949, pp. 81-90.
Whatʼs the next best cytokine target in IBD? (2012)

In the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), immune and nonimmune cells produce large amounts of cytokines that drive the inflammatory process leading to the tissue damage. Cytokine blockers, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), have been used with some success in IBD. However, not all patients respond, and the therapeutic effects wane with time, demonstrating the need for more effective and long-lasting antiinflammatory strategies. A key question is whether neutralizing other proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12, IL-21, IL-27, or IL-33 will lead to a better clinical response than with anti-TNF-α antibodies. Equally, we now know that IBD-related inflammation is marked by defective production/activity of antiinflammatory cytokines, and there are strategies to correct these defects. An alternative approach is to try to target individual therapies to individual patients, to improve clinical efficacy in subsets of patients, but this has proven difficult. Here we try to evaluate the potential of each of these choices.
An experimental oxygen concentrating system. (1967)

Abstract : A program to design, fabricate, and test a laboratory model of an oxygen concentrator, capable of generating 0.20 lb/hr of pure oxygen by electrochemically concentrating it from air, was successfully conducted. The fabricated model consisted of 26 series-connected cells. Four of the cells, tested before incorporation into the 26-cell unit, demonstrated an oxygen generation rate of 0.10 lb/hr. A 26-cell unit operating at an equivalent unit cell output would produce nearly 0.68 lb/hr, over three times the design level. The 26-cell unit itself was operated at a maximum output of about 0.56 lb/hr for only a short period of time because the heat generated was in excess of the heat removal systems' capacity. The concentrator was shown to function properly at 6. 5 - 15.5 psia pressures, with little variation in the power required for a given oxygen output. For optimum performance, the generator required an air flowrate of at least 2.5 times the theoretical minimum. Oxygen purity was over 99.5%. The laboratory model weighs about 28 pounds and consumes 240-300 watts of power at 0.2 lb/hr oxygen output. Also included in this program was the design, fabrication, and testing of a humidifier that would operate under airborne conditions.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction (2004)

Patients with hypopituitarism develop a phenotype similar to metabolic syndrome with central obesity and diabetes. Similarly, patients with hypothalamic damage may develop central obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperphagia. We sought to examine the clinical associations between hypopituitarism, hypothalamic dysfunction, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A case series of patients seen at our institution with diagnoses of hypopituitarism, hypothalamic obesity, or craniopharyngioma and NAFLD was undertaken. Clinical, laboratory, and liver biopsy features were reviewed. Twenty-one patients were identified. NAFLD was diagnosed 6.4 +/- 7.5 years (median 3 years) after the diagnosis of hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction. Mean gain in body mass index (BMI) between diagnoses of hypothalamic/pituitary disease and NAFLD was 11.3 +/- 8.9 kg/m(2) at an average yearly rate of 2.2 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2). The majority of patients developed elevated glucose levels and dyslipidemia by time of diagnosis of NAFLD. Of the 10 patients biopsied, six were cirrhotic, two had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis, and two had simple steatosis. Long-term follow-up of 66 +/- 33 months (range 12-120) was available for 18 patients. Two required liver transplantation. Six patients died, two from liver related causes. In conclusion, patients with hypothalamic and/or pituitary disease are at risk of excessive weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia with subsequent development of NAFLD. This group has a high prevalence of cirrhosis placing them at risk for liver-related death. The novel evidence that hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction may be accompanied by progressive NAFLD has important implications for the work-up and management of patients with hypothalamic/pituitary disease.
The multiple origins of cooperativity in binding to multi‐site lattices (1996)

Binding events involving the reversible association of ligands with polymeric lattices of binding sites are common in biology and frequently exhibit significant cooperativity in binding. Positive and negative cooperativity in binding may be detected by characteristic changes in binding curves for multiple binding, compared to the binding expected for simple, independent binding events that are based on combinatorial considerations only. Cooperativity arises from ligand-dependent interactions distinct from binding per se. Ligand-dependent nearest neighbor interactions may be of two types referred to as ligand-lattice (which can only occur if a bound ligand is unneighbored) and ligand-ligand (which can occur if two or more bound ligands are adjacent). The molecular mechanisms underlying these two sources of cooperativity are not the same. Identical cooperative binding curves may be produced by changes from unity in parameters representing either one or both of these interaction types. Positive cooperativity may equally result from destabilizing ligand-lattice interactions that disfavor initial, unneighbored binding, stabilizing ligand-ligand interactions that favor subsequent, neighbored binding, or both. The structural origins of these are different, and cooperativity may emerge from multiple structural interactions.
VITRIFIED CORDIERITE BODIES (1943)

Twenty‐eight ceramic bodies of the three‐component system, MgO‐Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 , with additions of various fluxes, such as feldspar, beryl, spodumene, nepheline syenite, and other glassforming compositions and their vitrification range between cone 13 and cone 15 have been investigated. The electrical and mechanical properties, thermal expansion, and resistance against electrical power arcs are given.
Logging last resource optimization for distributed transactions in Oracle WebLogic server (2010)

State-of-the-art OLTP systems execute distributed transactions using XA-2PC protocol, a presumed-abort variant of the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) protocol. While the XA specification provides for the Read-Only and 1PC optimizations of 2PC, it does not deal with another important optimization, coined Nested 2PC. In this paper, we describe the Logging Last Resource (LLR) optimization in Oracle WebLogic Server (WLS). It adapts and improves the Nested 2PC optimization to/for the Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) environment. It allows reducing the number of forced (synchronous) writes and the number of exchanged messages when executing distributed transactions that span multiple transactional resources including a SQL database integrated as a JDBC datasource. This optimization has been validated in SPECjAppServer2004 (a standard industry benchmark for JEE) and a variety of internal benchmarks. LLR has been successfully deployed by high-profile customers in mission-critical high-performance applications.
Inhomogeneous pumping and increasedfilamentation threshold of semiconductorlasers by contact profiling (1998)

The authors have fabricated inhomogeneously pumped broad area diode lasers using a novel digitated electrical contact pad to smooth the edges of the transverse distribution of injected carriers. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme in increasing the filamentation threshold and reducing near field modulation up to 35 times threshold. The inhomogeneously pumped design has reduced threshold current and increased slope efficiency relative to a comparable standard broad area device.
Type systems for querying class hierarchies with non-strict inheritance (1989)

Type checking at query compilation time is important for both detecting programmer errors and reducing the running time of queries. We have argued elsewhere [2] that entity-based data management systems which support class hierarchies, such as semantic data models and object-oriented dbms, should not be confined to have “strict inheritance” — i.e., they should permit contradictions between class specifications, albeit in an explicit and controlled way. In this paper we present a type system for queries manipulating objects in such classes. We provide sound and complete axiomatizations of the predications “σ is a subtype of τ” and “expression e has type τ”. The absence of strict inheritance has normally been felt to preclude effective type checking. We show that the problem is co-NP-hard when disjoint types are admitted in the schema, but present a low-order polynomial-time algorithm that determines the absence of type errors in a query when the database has only entities.
The Synthesis of Processes Containing Solids Operations (1988)

A systematic procedure for synthesizing process flowsheets (which may contain solids processing operations) is presented. The procedure represents a combination of Douglas' 1985 procedure for vapor-liquid processes and Rossiter and Douglas' method (1986) for medium tonnage inorganics processes.
Energy‐efficient network selection with mobility pattern awareness in an integrated WiMAX and WiFi network (2009)

Abstract To provide wireless Internet access, WiFi networks have been deployed in many regions such as buildings and campuses. However, WiFi networks are still insufficient to support ubiquitous wireless service due to their narrow coverage. One possibility to resolve this deficiency is to integrate WiFi networks with the wide‐range WiMAX networks. Under such an integrated WiMAX and WiFi network, how to conduct energy‐efficient handovers is a critical issue. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme with geographic mobility awareness (HGMA), which considers the historical handover patterns of mobile devices. HGMA can conserve the energy of handovering devices from three aspects. First, it prevents mobile devices from triggering unnecessary handovers according to their received signal strength and moving speeds. Second, it contains a handover candidate selection method for mobile devices to intelligently select a subset of WiFi access points or WiMAX relay stations to be scanned. Therefore, mobile devices can reduce their network scanning and thus save their energy. Third, HGMA prefers mobile devices staying in their original WiMAX or WiFi networks. This can prevent mobile devices from consuming too much energy on interface switching. In addition, HGMA prefers the low‐tier WiFi network over the WiMAX network and guarantees the bandwidth requirements of handovering devices. Simulation results show that HGMA can save about 59– 80% of energy consumption of a handover operation, make mobile devices to associate with WiFi networks with 16–62% more probabilities, and increase about 20–61% of QoS satisfaction ratio to handovering devices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacologic and Clinical Aspects of Intraarticular Injection of Hyaluronate (1993)

Hyaluronate (HA) is linear unbranched polysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharide units of (1-4)-D-glucuronic acid-beta-(1-3)-D-N-acetylglucosamine. Extensive research has been conducted on HA, a major component of connective tissue. Hyaluronate, molecular weight 80 x 10(4)d, is available for the intraarticular injective treatment of osteoarthrosis of the knee and periarthritis of the shoulder. Hyaluronate relieves pain and has metabolic effects on articular cartilage, synovial tissue, and synovial fluid. Hyaluronate is a safe and effective treatment for patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee and periarthritis of the shoulder.
Optimization algorithms - Simulated annealing and neural network processing (1986)

Two algorithms which have been previously used for discrete optimization, simulated annealing and neural network processing, are developed and compared. It is demonstrated how these algorithms can be used to find global extrema of functions, while avoiding trapping in local extrema. In the standard treatment of neural network processors, only quadratic and linear terms in the function variables are included in the objective function. This traditional approach is extended to show how constraints not expressible in quadratic and linear terms (e.g., entropy) can be incorporated into the function to be minimized. The efficiency of the implementation of neural net processing is also demonstrated, and it is shown how its speed advantage over more traditional optimization techniques (even when implemented on serial processors) is related to its convergence properties. An important application of the results is in the interpretation of remote sensing data, since typical indirect sensing problems can be readily cast into the language of optimization theory; the methods presented here have the particular ability to solve severely ill posed inversion problems. The algorithms described here have been implemented on a serial processor but are cast in a form which is ideally suited for parallel processing.
(6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetic acid and related compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. (2002)

Base-promoted hydrolysis of methyl or ethyl esters 1a-c gave the (6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)- and (5-ethyl-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetic acids 2a, b. Under the reaction of ester 1a or acid 2a with nucleophilic reagents a series of derivatives 3-7 of acid 2a were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Most of them were found to be more active than acetylsalicylic acid, and compounds 2a, 6a, b, 7a, f were significantly more active than ibuprofen. The compounds exhibiting the best anti-inflammatory activity showed negative inotropic effect.
Dornase Aerosol Effect on Sputum Viscosity in Cases Of Cystic Fibrosis (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Deoxyribonucleic acid is not normally present in mucoid respiratory secretions but is a product of pulmonary inflammatory cellular debris.<sup>1,2</sup>The DNA in mucopurulent secretions seems to contribute to the chronicity of respiratory disease by increasing the viscosity of such secretions. A therapeutic attack upon the DNA content of purulent respiratory secretions would therefore appear to be worthwhile in an attempt to reduce morbidity from respiratory infection and to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics.<sup>3</sup> Pancreatic dornase is a commercially available enzyme preparation which liquifies purulent sputum in vitro.<sup>4,5</sup>The reduction in viscosity occurs rapidly due to depolymerization of DNA<sup>5</sup>and the induction of intrinsic proteolysis.<sup>6-8</sup>Dornase aerosols have also been found to be useful in the evacuation of viscous mucopurulent secretions in bronchopulmonary disease.<sup>9-13</sup>I recently described a method for measuring the viscosity of sputum with a coneplate viscosimeter, thereby providing a
Cholera toxin-sensitive 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium signals of the human dopamine-D1 receptor: selective potentiation by protein kinase A. (1992)

The signal transduction pathways of the dopamine-D1 receptor were investigated in two cell types stably transfected with the human D1 receptor cDNA, rat pituitary GH4C1 cells (GH4-hD1), and mouse Ltk-fibroblast cells (L-hD1). In both GH4-hD1 and L-hD1 cell lines, stimulation of the dopamine-D1 receptor induced a marked increase in cAMP accumulation. In addition, dopamine potentiated activation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in a cAMP-dependent manner in GH4-hD1 cells. However, in L-hD1 cells, dopamine increased cytosolic free calcium concentrations ([Ca++]i) by mobilization of intracellular calcium rather than by calcium influx. This effect was correlated with a dopamine-induced enhancement of phospholipase C activity in L-hD1 cells. Pretreatment (24 h) with cholera toxin (CTX) was used to maximally activate the GTP-binding protein (G protein) Gs, causing a maximal elevation of cAMP levels and uncoupling the D1 receptor from Gs. The described actions of dopamine in both cell lines were abolished by pretreatment with CTX, indicating that CTX substrates (e.g. Gs) may mediate these actions. The blockade by CTX was not due to CTX-induced elevation of cAMP, since pretreatment with forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP to activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase did not inhibit dopamine actions nor alter basal [Ca++]i. Pretreatment (1-3 h) of L-hD1 cells with forskolin (10 microM) or 8-bromo-cAMP (5 mM) altered neither the basal activity of phospholipase C nor basal [Ca++]i in L-hD1 cells but greatly enhanced the dopamine-induced increase of phosphatidyl inositol turnover and [Ca++]i. From these results we conclude that: 1) the dopamine-D1 receptor induces multiple and cell-specific signals, including elevation of cAMP levels in both GH and L cells, cAMP-dependent activation and potentiation of opening of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel in GH cells, and a novel phosphatidyl inositol-linked mobilization of cellular calcium in L cells; 2) coupling of the D1 receptor to these responses involves CTX-sensitive proteins, possibly Gs; and 3) acute preactivation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase can markedly enhance, rather than attenuate, certain pathways of dopamine-D1 transmembrane signaling.
Therapeutic approach to FSGS in children (2006)

Therapy of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children incorporates conservative management and immunosuppression regimens to control proteinuria and preserve kidney function. In long-term cohort studies in adults and children with primary FSGS, renal survival has been directly associated with degree of proteinuria control. This educational article reviews the current therapeutic approach toward children with primary FSGS.