gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isochromatics demodulation from a single image using the regularized phase tracking technique (2001)

Abstract In this work we propose a robust fringe demodulation technique applied to the analysis of a single isochromatics fringe pattern produced in photoelasticity. The method used is a regularized phase tracking algorithm with a new sequential scanning technique specifically adapted for the characteristics of the isochromatic fringe patterns: possible apparition of closed fringes, large dynamic range in its spatial frequency content and low noise. The performance of the method is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Role for Bcl-x<sub>L</sub>as an inhibitor of cytosolic cytochrome C accumulation in DNA damage-induced apoptosis (1997)

Cytochrome C is a mitochondrial protein that induces apoptosis when released into the cytosol or when added to cell-free extracts. Here we show that cells that overexpress the Bcl-2-related protein Bcl-xL fail to accumulate cytosolic cytochrome C or undergo apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that Bcl-xL associates with cytochrome C. Cytochrome C binds directly and specifically to Bcl-xL and not to the proapoptotic Bcl-xs protein. The results also demonstrate that Bcl-xs blocks binding of cytochrome C to Bcl-xL. Our findings support a role for Bcl-xL in protecting cells from apoptosis by inhibiting the availability of cytochrome C in the cytosol.
Numerical study of a novel passive micromixer design (2010)

Miniaturization is the trend in analytical chemistry and life sciences. In the past two decades, miniaturization of fluid handling and fluid analysis has been emerging in the interdisciplinary research field of microfluidics. Some of the microfluidic applications are drug delivery, lab-on-a-chip, pharmaceutical development, synthesis of amino acids etc. Most of these applications are used for biochemistry analysis and require rapid mixing in minute quantities. Microchannel flows, due to very low flow rate, are characterized by very low Reynolds number (Re≪100). Owing to laminar flow conditions it is difficult to achieve effective mixing of two fluids as is the case for turbulent flow. If the mixing is obtained primarily by a diffusion mechanism then fast mixing becomes impossible because biological reagents usually have very low diffusivity on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s. Hence microfluidic mixing is a very challenging problem because it requires fast and efficient mixing of low diffusivity fluids under laminar flow conditions [1-3]. In this paper, problem of microfluidic mixing is studied numerically using the CFD code FLUENT™[4-11]. To present the study, mixing of two low diffusivity fluids (D = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s) is numerically investigated in ⊢ microchannel. Due to laminar flow conditions very poor mixing is observed in ⊢ microchannel. Previously established geometric modification called “two-way split flow technique” is applied to the baseline case. This technique involves splitting of both the inlets of the ⊢ microchannel in half such that the net flow rate at the outlet remains the same. Application of this technique is shown to improve mixing by ~250% when it is compared to ⊢ microchannel. Based on two-way split flow design technique, novel split-and-merge (SAM) mixer designs are proposed. All the SAM mixer designs proposed show an improvement in mixing between 300 - 500% when compared with ⊢ microchannel, for same flow conditions and residence times. Pressure drops of proposed SAM mixer designs are less than 50% higher than ⊢ microchannel. Hence all the micromixer designs based on two-way split flow techniques are shown to be efficient and low pressure drop mixers.
Separations of C<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>6</sub> Isomers in ZSM-5 Tubular Membranes (1998)

Mixtures of linear and branched hydrocarbon isomers were separated in continuous flow experiments with ZSM-5 zeolite membranes. The method of membrane preparation has a dramatic effect on the selectivity. Changing the preparation procedure apparently changes the amount of the non-zeolitic pores that are in parallel with the zeolite pores and/or the length of the permeation pathways. The highest n-hexane/2,2-dimethylbutane separation selectivity is 2580. The n-hexane permeance and the n-hexane/2,2-dimethylbutane selectivity slowly decreased with time, but the membrane could be regenerated by calcination at 723 K. The highest n-butane/isobutane separation selectivity of 57 was obtained at 498 K, and the n-butane/isobutane selectivity correlated with the n-hexane/2,2-dimethylbutane selectivity but not with the N2/SF6 ideal selectivity measured at room temperature. Separations of organic vapors in our membranes are not due to molecular sieving. The separation selectivities are much higher than the ideal selectivities; the n-alkane effectively blocks the permeance of the branched-chain hydrocarbon.
Combinations of an adaptive array antenna and a canceller of interference for direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access system (1990)

In the realization of code-division multiple access based on a spread-spectrum communication system, i.e. spread-spectrum multiple access (SSMA), reduction of cochannel interference is an important problem. An adaptive array antenna system is proposed that includes a cancellor of cochannel interference, which can improve performance by a combination of temporal and spatial filtering. While the adaptive array suppresses interference sources with arrival angles different from those of the desired user, the adaptive digital filter-canceller rejects those whose arrival angles are the same as those of the desired user. The proposed system can achieve stable acquisition and low error rate of demodulated data even in a heavy-interference channel where a conventional array antenna system cannot achieve satisfactory acquisition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon Nanowires: A Review on Aspects of their Growth and their Electrical Properties (2009)

This paper summarizes some of the essential aspects of silicon-nanowire growth and of their electrical properties. In the first part, a brief description of the different growth techniques is given, though the general focus of this work is on chemical vapor deposition of silicon nanowires. The advantages and disadvantages of the different catalyst materials for silicon-wire growth are discussed at length. Thereafter, in the second part, three thermodynamic aspects of silicon-wire growth via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism are presented and discussed. These are the expansion of the base of epitaxially grown Si wires, a stability criterion regarding the surface tension of the catalyst droplet, and the consequences of the Gibbs-Thomson effect for the silicon wire growth velocity. The third part is dedicated to the electrical properties of silicon nanowires. First, different silicon nanowire doping techniques are discussed. Attention is then focused on the diameter dependence of dopant ionization and the influence of interface trap states on the charge carrier density in silicon nanowires. It is concluded by a section on charge carrier mobility and mobility measurements.
A Study on the Design of Rifling Angle by Setting up an Idealized Rifling Force Curve (2015)

Rifling Force can be described with projectile velocity, gas pressure and rifling angle, etc. Under the same conditions, the character of the rifling angle decisively influences the rifling force. To reduce the harmful effect, locally distinct maximum of rifling force has to be avoided. The optimal design methodology of rifling angle curve had been developed by combined Fourier series and polynomial function. When it was tried newly to design the rifling angle curve, this design trial caused not to produce the lower rifling force than the existing design. Normally, the curve of the rifling angle is designed first, then the rifling force is set according to the rifling angle curve. However during the cause analysis, new design methodology was established to design the ideal rifling force curve before the rifling angle design. With this new methodology, the above optimal design method was analyzed and its limitation was confirmed.
3′‐<i>O</i>‐Methylated analogs of 2–5A as inhibitors of virus replication (1983)

We have explored analogs of 2'-5'-linked andeylic acid trimer (2-5A): 3'-O-methylated 2-5A, 2'-end modified adenylate trimer with deoxyadenosine or araadenine, methyl phosphonate and methyl phosphorotriester analogs as potential antiviral agents. For the treatment of virus infections, 2-5A and its analogs may serve in lieu of interferon, however, the use of 2-5A has two serious limitations: it is presumed to be impermeable to most cells, and moreover, cellular enzymes rapidly degrade it. Methylated analogs of 2-5A core strongly inhibited virus growth when added directly to cells in culture. 2'-End modified adenylate trimer with araadenine also inhibited virus growth, however, neither 2-5A nor other analogs showed any significant antiviral activity. The inhibition of virus growth was not due to the toxic effect of these compounds on cell growth as they had no inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected cells.
Schwann Cells Are Removed from the Spinal Cord after Effecting Recovery from Paraplegia (2000)

Remyelination of the CNS is necessary to restore neural function in a number of demyelinating conditions. Schwann cells, the myelinating cells of the periphery, are candidates for this purpose because they have more robust regenerative properties than their central homologs, the oligodendrocytes. Although the ability of Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS has been demonstrated, their capacity to enter the adult spinal cord in large numbers and effect functional recovery remains uncertain. We used cholera toxin B-subunit conjugated to saporin to demyelinate the rat lumbar spinal cord, remove macroglia, and produce paraplegia. After the removal of oligodendrocyte and astrocyte debris by invading macrophages, there was a spontaneous entry of Schwann cells into the spinal cord, along with axonal remyelination and concomitant functional recovery from paraplegia occurring within 75 d. The Schwann cells appeared to enter the dorsal funiculi via the dorsal root entry zone and the lateral funiculi via rootlets that had become adherent to the lateral spinal cord after the inflammation. In the following weeks, Schwann cell myelin surrounding central axons was progressively replaced by oligodendrocyte myelin without lapse in motor function. Our results show that endogenous Schwann cells can reverse a severe neurological deficit caused by CNS demyelination and enable later oligodendrocyte remyelination.
Modeling H/sup +/-sensitive FETs with SPICE (1992)

A generalized physical model including two kinds of binding sites is presented on H/sup +/-sensitive ISFET devices. The model results in a set of equations which is introduced into a modified version of the electronic circuit simulation program SPICE. In this way, the effects induced on the device performances by varying several physico-chemical parameters are analyzed. The slope of V/sub out/ versus pH curves is predicted for SiO/sub 2/-, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/-gate ISFETs. The model is then used to predict the behavior of a hypothetical, partially pH-insensitive (REFET) structure. Finally, the model is utilized to fit the slow response of the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-gate ISFET to a pH stop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of flat panel micro-channel photomultiplier in sampling calorimeter with timing (2010)

Large Area Picosecond Photo-detector (LAPPD) is a project to develop large area (8"x8") micro-channel plate photomultiplier (MCP PMT) cost effectively. The MCP PMT under development also features a read-out scheme using high frequency (>; 10GS/s) waveform sampling of the signal on Transmission-line. Due to its good timing and space resolution, it would be suitable for Time-of-Flight (TOF) detectors and calorimeters in large scale high energy physics experiments. The MCP PMT from LAPPD can also be applicable to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector. A prototype PET detector module was built to demonstrate the idea of using the MCP PMT from LAPPD for PET application. Preliminary test results are presented in this paper.
Identification of a Broadly Cross-Reactive Epitope in the Inner Shell of the Norovirus Capsid (2013)

Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis. They are diverse viruses, with at least six genogroups (GI-GVI) and multiple genotypes defined by differences in the major capsid protein, VP1. This diversity has challenged the development of broadly cross-reactive vaccines as well as efficient detection methods. Here, we report the characterization of a broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against the capsid protein of a GII.3 norovirus strain. The MAb reacted with VLPs and denatured VP1 protein from GI, GII, GIV and GV noroviruses, and mapped to a linear epitope located in the inner shell domain. An alignment of all available VP1 sequences showed that the putative epitope (residues 52-56) is highly conserved across the genus Norovirus. This broadly cross-reactive MAb thus constitutes a valuable reagent for the diagnosis and study of these diverse viruses.
AES-CBC software execution optimization (2008)

With the proliferation of high-speed wireless networking, the necessity for efficient, robust and secure encryption modes is ever increasing. But, cryptography is primarily a computationally intensive process. This paper investigates the performance and efficiency of IEEE 802.11i approved Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-Rijndael ciphering/deciphering software in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode. Simulations are used to analyse the speed, resource consumption and robustness of AES-CBC to investigate its viability for image encryption usage on common low power devices. The detailed results presented in this paper provide a basis for performance estimation of AES cryptosystems implemented on wireless devices. The use of optimized AES-CBC software implementation gives a superior encryption speed performance by 12 − 30%, but at the cost of twice more memory for code size.
Risk factors for acute compartment syndrome of the leg associated with tibial diaphyseal fractures in adults (2014)

Level IV.
Subpicosecond excitonic electroabsorption in room-temperature quantum wells (1986)

We investigate the dynamics of excitonic optical absorption in room-temperature GaAs quantum wells during the application of a rapidly changing electric field in the plane of the quantum well layers. We obtain electroabsorptive modulation with a response time constant of 330 fs, which is the fastest ever reported in a semiconductor.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Total Synthesis and Biological Activity of Phenanthroindolizidine and Phenanthroquinolizidine Alkaloids (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of weighted-least-squares power system state estimation in polar and rectangular coordinate systems (2010)

The paper presents a comparative investigations of estimation of power system state in polar and rectangular coordinate systems. The estimation with the use of the weighted least squares method is considered. During investigations, impact of a coordinate system, stress of a power system and a data redundancy on such parameters of a state estimation as: number of iterations, the condition number of the gain matrix and parameters characterizing accuracy of calculation results and reliability of estimation is analyzed.
A sentiment-based filteration and data analysis framework for social media (2015)

This paper describes a framework that explains the processes involved in the filteration and analysis of data for user generated content in social media.Previous researches have put their focus in leveraging high quality data from social media data stream, but there are many opportunities
that need to be explored.This paper proposes a sentiment-based filteration and data analysis framework in identifying relevant information from data generated by users in social media.Based on the textual contents generated and spread through social media, it is assumed that each of the set of text streams/corpora might carry a sentiment associated with it regardless of its polarity bias. Due to this, the proposed framework introduces the idea of data filtering that exploits information and sentiment captured in text while at the same time adapts text analysis methods overcoming the noisy and unstructured
nature of social media textual content.
Monospecific Antipeptide Antibodies Against Human Hepatic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A Subfamily (UGT1A) Isoforms (2006)

Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) in mammals is thought to be regulated in both a tissue- and developmental-specific manner. Furthermore, induction of genes encoding UGT occurs after exposure to xenobiotics including drugs, environmental pollutants and dietary compounds. In human, isoforms of UGT 1A subfamily catalyze the glucuronidation of a greater proportion of drugs, suggesting that the expression of UGT1A isoforms is responsible for the clearance of a diverse range of drugs. To analyze the expression of human UGT1A isoforms, we have developed polyclonal antibodies against specific peptide regions within the isoforms (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6 and 1A9). The prepared antipeptide antibodies were found to be highly monospecific for each UGT1A isoform and no cross-reactivity with UGT2B isoforms was detected. Analysis of UGT1A protein levels in hepatic microsomes using these antibodies demonstrated interindividual differential expression of each isoform. These highly specific antipeptide antibodies provide an important tool to analyze tissue distribution and interindividual expression levels of human UGT1As.
Tight bounds on the complexity of parallel sorting (1984)

In this paper, we prove tight upper and lower bounds on the number or processors, information transfer, wire area and time needed to sort N numbers in a bounded-degree fixed-connection network. Our most important new results are:
Improved repair of dermal wounds in mice lacking micro<scp>RNA</scp>‐155 (2014)

Wound healing is a well-regulated but complex process that involves haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Recent reports suggest that microRNAs (miRs) play important roles in dermal wound healing. In fact, miR deregulation has been linked with impaired wound repair. miR-155 has been shown to be induced by inflammatory mediators and plays a central regulatory role in immune responses. We have investigated the potential role of miR-155 in wound healing. By creating punch wounds in the skin of mice, we found an increased expression of miR-155 in wound tissue when compared with healthy skin. Interestingly, analysis of wounds of mice lacking the expression of miR-155 (miR-155(-/-) ) revealed an increased wound closure when compared with wild-type animals. Also, the accelerated wound closing correlated with elevated numbers of macrophages in wounded tissue. Gene expression analysis of wounds tissue and macrophages isolated from miR-155(-/-) mice that were treated with interleukin-4 demonstrated an increased expression of miR-155 targets (BCL6, RhoA and SHIP1) as well as, the finding in inflammatory zone-1 (FIZZ1) gene, when compared with WT mice. Moreover, the up-regulated levels of FIZZ1 in the wound tissue of miR-155(-/-) mice correlated with an increased deposition of type-1 collagens, a phenomenon known to be beneficial in wound closure. Our data indicate that the absence of miR-155 has beneficial effects in the wound healing process.
Biological impact of social disruption resulting from epidemic disease (1991)

Whereas previous research on the disruptive effects of epidemic disease have focused on the ways in which epidemics affect social structure and function, this study focuses on the biological impact of social disruption. The hypothesis is that social disruption resulting from the occurrence of epidemic disease increases the biological impact of the epidemic, as assessed by disease incidence. This hypothesis is explored in terms of a "level of response" model, borrowed from Slobodkin and Rapoport (Q. Rev. Biol. 49:181-200, 1974). The Human Area Relations File (HRAF) provides ethnographic reports of social responses to epidemics. The most frequently reported response in the HRAF is flight or migration away from the locus of the epidemic, followed in frequency by extraordinary preventive and/or therapeutic measures and scapegoating. The model proposes a continuum of responses beginning with responses that are already part of the indigenous response to disease and proceeding through disruptive processes, including flight and rejection of authority systems. Social disruption increases the biological impact of epidemics by robbing the social group of important participants, dismantling public health programs, or producing general economic hardship. The model proposes a scheme for identification of situations under which particular social group responses are "biologically appropriate."
Experiments with biased cylinder in electron cyclotron resonance ion source (plenary) (2004)

The shape of the magnetic field of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) gives rise to different particle fluxes (losses) from the plasma to the end plates (mainly diffusion of electrons), and to the side walls (mainly ions). The electron fluxes to the injection end plate can be reduced by negatively biasing this plate (or so-called biased disk); this appeared to be successful to improve the output of highly charged ions (HCIs). In the present experiment it was demonstrated that by positively biasing the side walls, the HCI production can be improved as well. Electrons leaking from the ECRIS plasma to the side wall find their way easiest at the “pole” areas (of the hexapole magnet) because these are the areas where fieldlines pass the plasma chamber. A special construction was made to study the effect of biasing two different regions: (1) the areas between the six poles, and (2) the parts corresponding to the poles. Measurements show that method (2) gives better performance of the source. The relative improvement for the highest observed charge states is the best, and in absolute sense the application of the method is giving, e.g., a four times higher intensity for Ar11+ beams.