gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DISC: dynamic instruction stream computer-an evaluation of performance (2002)

DISC is a simple processor architecture targeted for real-time applications. The architecture is based on dynamic fine-grained multithreading where the next instruction is fetched from one of several possible simultaneously active threads. The DISC architecture uses a combination of concepts including, a register stack file, a four stage pipeline, up to four active threads, a dynamic scheduler, and special input/output (I/O) and interrupt constructs to allow maximization of performance for real-time control applications. Previous stochastic results were very encouraging and so a synthetic benchmark was developed to allow more detailed testing. The benchmark was based on a Hughes Aircraft Company satellite control system, and assembled with the DISC assembler. The model was designed and run in the Verilog simulation language.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer: an in vivo study (2011)

In recent years, advances in molecular biology and cancer research have led to the identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers that associate with various types of cancer. However, in vivo cancer detection methods with computed tomography, based on tracing and detection of these molecular cancer markers, are unavailable today. This paper demonstrates in vivo the feasibility of cancer diagnosis based on molecular markers rather than on anatomical structures, using clinical computed tomography. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor conjugated gold nanoparticles (30 nm) were intravenously injected into nude mice implanted with human squamous cell carcinoma head and neck cancer. The results clearly demonstrate that a small tumor, which is currently undetectable through anatomical computed tomography, is enhanced and becomes clearly visible by the molecularly-targeted gold nanoparticles. It is further shown that active tumor targeting is more efficient and specific than passive targeting. This noninvasive and nonionizing molecular cancer imaging tool can facilitate early cancer detection and can provide researchers with a new technique to investigate in vivo the expression and activity of cancer-related biomarkers and molecular processes.
Epigenetic Variability and Regulation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

The text of the Salk Weekly Bulletin is available via the Internet. World-Wide Web users will find it on the Salk Institute Home Page (http://www.salk.edu/events/scientific_seminars.html). If you no longer need to be sent a hard-copy version of this bulletin, have questions about listed seminars, or wish to submit a seminar for inclusion in this list, please contact Jaclyn Durocher at (858) 453-4100 ext. 1200 or send email to jdurocher@salk.edu. Please e-mail any seminar cancellations to jdurocher@salk. edu and they will be sent out to the e-mail adresses. LIBRARY ADDITIONS For the week of 4/23/2012...4/30/2012
Simulation of marked graphs on SIMD architectures using efficient memory management (2002)

This paper describes and evaluates the performance of an implementation of a parallel discrete event simulation of a class of Petri nets known as marked graphs on a single instruction stream multiple data stream (SIMD) architecture. The implementation uses an efficient, novel memory management technique for supporting abstract data types, where memory can be dynamically allocated/deallocated on an individual PE basis. Performance evaluations are reported for a number of "real world" applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulatory effects of glucagon-like peptides on human insulinoma cells and insulin-releasing clonal RINm5F cells. (1990)

Insulin-releasing effects of glucagon-like peptides, glucagon and various nutrients were examined using tumour cells from a freshly resected human insulinoma and RINm5F cells. Insulin release by human insulinoma cells or RINm5F cells was not affected by 16.7 mM glucose. Both cell types exhibited secretory responses to 20 mM alanine, 25 mM K+ and 7.6 mM Ca2+. Insulin release by human insulinoma cells was enhanced at 2 x 10(-7) M by glucagon, GLP-1[1-37], GLP-1[7-36] and its N- and C-terminal fragments GLP-1[7-14] and GLP-1[31-37]. The intact peptides (2 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-12) M) also stimulated insulin release by RINm5F cells, but neither of the fragments enhanced secretion. The cyclic AMP content of human insulinoma cells and RINm5F cells was increased by glucagon. GLP-1[7-36] (2 x 10(-8)-2 x 10(-10) M) increased cyclic AMP in RINm5F cells, but no additional effects were noted in these or human insulinoma cells. These results suggest that GLP-1[7-36] stimulates insulin release by a direct action on human and rat B-cells, partly involving modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP.
Bemerkungen zum gotischen Wortschatz (1966)

Der got. Wortschatz ist in vieler Hinsicht von hohem wissenschaftlichem Reiz. Dem Sprachforscher, der in die Vorgeschichte zurückstößt, gewährt er wertvollste Aufschlüsse auf den Gebieten der Etymologie und der Wortbildung, und uns zeigt er die vernehmbaren und eindrucksvollen Spuren eines sonst allzu wenig beobachtbaren geistesgeschichtlichen Vorgangs: der ersten Berührung eines germanischen Idioms mit alten Kultursprachen.
On-Line Monitoring of Sag in Overhead Transmission Lines with Leveled Spans (2006)

A method for real time monitoring of overhead transmission line sags has been proposed. Mechanical state estimation is used to determine the sag value of each span of the transmission line using real time data. Use of separate tension sensors for critical spans enhances the sag estimation process. The estimated sag values can be used to calculate the clearance values to check for compliance with the national electric safety code (NESC).
Design of ICI Canceling Codes for OFDM Systems Based on Capacity Maximization (2007)

Rate-t/k (tlesk) intercarrier interference (ICI) canceling codes for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are proposed. The capacity lower bounds of OFDM systems employing these codes are derived for time-varying frequency-selective channels. The optimal codes maximizing these bounds are designed numerically. The simulation results indicate that the optimal codes can provide both higher capacity lower bounds and lower bit error rates (BERs) than the existing ICI canceling codes
Characterization of Pb(Zr, Ti)O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Prepared by Multi-Ion-Beam Sputtering (1994)

Lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin films with lead-lanthanum-titanate (PLT) buffer layer prepared by multi-ion-beam sputtering were characterized from the structural and electrical viewpoints. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation demonstrated the epitaxial growth of the films without intermixing layers or misfit dislocations. Nominal interdiffusion of PZT/PLT/substrates was found in the depth profiles obtained from secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The PZT films over the entire compositional range of Zr/Ti ratio exhibited relative dielectric constant which was consistent with the dependence of bulk PZT; however, obvious changes of lattice spacings at phase boundaries were not found from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement.
ANTIBODIES TO A UNIQUE REGION IN LYSOZYME PROVOKED BY A SYNTHETIC ANTIGEN CONJUGATE (1969)

A synthetic conjugate, prepared by covalent binding of a lysozyme fragment (sequence 64-83, denoted "loop" peptide) to a synthetic branched polypeptide, elicited in rabbits the formation of antibodies with specificity directed against a unique region in native lysozyme. These anti-"loop" antibodies were isolated immunospecifically on a lysozyme-cellulose immunoadsorbent. Antibodies with a similar specificity were isolated from antilysozyme sera with an immunoadsorbent prepared from the same "loop" peptide. The capacity of the anti-"loop" antibodies to distinguish between the "loop" peptide, containing a disulfide bridge, and the open-chain peptide derived from it suggests that they are directed against a conformation-dependent determinant.
The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles (1969)

1. The time course of contraction and relaxation in the isometric twitch of a rabbit soleus muscle becomes more rapid following tenotomy and spinal cord section. This increase in speed could be prevented by long-term electrical stimulation at frequencies of 5 or 10/sec. It was not prevented by stimulation at frequencies of 20 or 40/sec.2. Long-term electrical stimulation of fast rabbit and cat muscles at a frequency of 10/sec had a slowing effect on the time course of contraction and relaxation.3. It is concluded that the almost continuous low frequency discharge of motoneurones innervating postural muscles plays an important part in establishing and maintaining the slow time course of contraction of these muscles. The characteristically different speeds of contraction of fast and slow striated muscles can in this way be related to the different patterns of impulse activity which they normally receive.
Optimal simultaneous mapping and clustering for FPGA delay optimization (2006)

Both technology mapping and circuit clustering have a large impact on FPGA designs in terms of circuit performance, area, and power dissipation. Existing FPGA design flows carry out these two synthesis steps sequentially. Such a two-step approach cannot guarantee that the final delay of the circuit is optimal, because the quality of clustering depends significantly on the initial mapping result. To address this problem, we develop an algorithm that performs mapping and clustering simultaneously and optimally under a widely used clustering delay model. To our knowledge, our algorithm, named SMAC (simultaneous mapping and clustering) is the first delay-optimal algorithm to generate a synthesis solution that considers a combination of both steps. Compared to a synthesis flow using state-of-the-art mapping and clustering algorithms DAOmap [7] + T-VPACK [17] ? SMAC achieves a 25% performance gain with a 22% area overhead under the clustering delay model. After placement and routing, SMAC is 12% better in performance.
Single-slice rebinning method for helical cone-beam CT (1999)

In this paper, we present reconstruction results from helical cone-beam CT data, obtained using a simple and fast algorithm, which we call the CB-SSRB algorithm. This algorithm combines the single-slice rebinning method of PET imaging with the weighting schemes of spiral CT algorithms. The reconstruction is approximate but can be performed using 2D multislice fan-beam filtered backprojection. The quality of the results is surprisingly good, and far exceeds what one might expect, even when the pitch of the helix is large. In particular, with this algorithm comparable quality is obtained using helical cone-beam data with a normalized pitch of 10 to that obtained using standard spiral CT reconstruction with a normalized pitch of 2.
Predicted Ligands for the Human Urotensin‐II G Protein‐Coupled Receptor with Some Experimental Validation (2014)

Human Urotensin-II (U-II) is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor known.1 Thus, a U-II antagonist would be of therapeutic value in a number of cardiovascular disorders.2 Here, we describe our work on the prediction of the structure of the human U-II receptor (hUT2 R) using GEnSeMBLE (GPCR Ensemble of Structures in Membrane BiLayer Environment) complete sampling Monte Carlo method. With the validation of our predicted structures, we designed a series of new potential antagonists predicted to bind more strongly than known ligands. Next, we carried out R-group screening to suggest a new ligand predicted to bind with 7 kcal mol(-1) better energy than 1-{2-[4-(2-bromobenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-yl)urea, the designed antagonist predicted to have the highest affinity for the receptor. Some of these predictions were tested experimentally, validating the computational results. Using the pharmacophore generated from the predicted structure for hUT2 R bound to ACT-058362, we carried out virtual screening based on this binding site. The most potent hit compounds identified contained 2-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole core, with the best derivative exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.581 μM against hUT2 R when tested in vitro. Our efforts identified a new scaffold as a potential new lead structure for the development of novel hUT2 R antagonists, and the computational methods used could find more general applicability to other GPCRs.
Free and Total Amino Acid Composition of Edible Parts of Beans, Kale, Spinach, Cauliflower and Potatoes as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilisation and Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency (1996)

Vegetables were grown in pots at widely differing nutrient levels, which greatly affected dry matter (DM) yields and total-N concentrations in all crops. Nitrate-N contents were low and little affected in cauliflower and potatoes, and highest, and strongly affected, in spinach and kale. The sum of free amino acid-N as percentage of total-N of bean pods, kale, spinach, cauliflower curds and potato tubers varied between 12 and 27%, 10 and 21%, 5 and 12%, 7 and 36% and 34 and 56%, respectively. In beans and potatoes asparagine was the dominant free amino compound (29–55% and 33–59% free amino-N as percentage of total free amino-N, respectively), whereas in kale, spinach and cauliflower free glutamine was dominant (17–52%, 31–48% and 14–54%, respectively). Free essential amino acids were generally found in very low concentrations, especially cysteine (which can partly replace essential methionine in nutrition), tryptophan and phenylalanine. With some exceptions in beans, the concentrations of all total amino acids in DM increased linearly with increasing total-N content, and with correlation coefficients very close to 1·00 in most cases. P- and K-deficiency affected free and total amino acid composition mainly through their effects on total-N content but had some specific effect on arginine concentrations. Generally, chemical scores of the crude protein decreased with increasing N content of DM, which was mainly due to low contents of S-amino acids.
Renal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in lupus autoimmune mice. (1997)

Mononuclear cell infiltration in glomeruli and renal interstitium is a prominent feature of some types of glomerulonephritis, including lupus nephritis. The mechanism(s) underlying monocyte influx into the kidney is not fully understood. Recently, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been identified as a chemotactic factor involved in the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages in the glomeruli of rats with mesangioproliferative as well as anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. In the study presented here, renal MCP-1 mRNA expression in New Zealand Black x New Zealand White (NZB/W) F1 mice, a model of genetically determined immune complex disease that mimics systemic lupus in humans, was investigated. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 0.7 kb MCP-1 transcript of very low intensity in kidneys from 2-month-old NZB/W mice that had not yet developed proteinuria nor renal damage. Message levels, which increased markedly with the progression of nephritis and in association with mononuclear cell infiltration, were 10- and 15- fold higher in 8-10-month-old mice than in 2-month-old mice. By in situ hybridization, increased expression of MCP-1 mRNA was demonstrated in glomeruli and, even more striking, in tubular epithelial cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of MCP-1 protein in kidneys of 10-month-old NZB/W mice, consistent with MCP-1 mRNA data. When NZB/W mice were treated with cyclophosphamide up to 12 months of age, expression of MCP-1 in the renal tissue remained low, the influx of inflammatory cells did not appear, and glomerular and tubular structures remained well preserved. These data suggest that elevated MCP-1 might act as a signal for inflammatory cells to infiltrate the kidney in lupus nephritis.
Two directional spatial-carrier phase-shifting method for analysis of crossed and closed fringe patterns (1995)

Various interferometric and fringe projection techniques may result in crossed and closed fringe patterns with the information about the phenomena tested. Recent applications require the analysis on the basis of a single fringe pattern. Here, we address two problems: simultaneous analysis of the information about two events, and analysis of fringe pattern with high phase gradients in both <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> directions. The analysis of a fringe pattern is performed by the spatial-carrier phase-shifting method used sequentially for <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> sampling directions. The error analysis of the method in reference to both problems is presented.
Reversibility of Airflow Obstruction by Hypoglossus Nerve Stimulation in Anesthetized Rabbits (2005)

This study supports hypoglossus nerve stimulation as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea.
Controlling the Conductance of Atomically Thin Metal Wires with Electrochemical Potential (2002)

We report on the study of quantum transport in atomically thin Au wires suspended between two Au electrodes by modulating the electrochemical potential of the wires in various electrolytes. The potential modulation induces a conductance modulation with a phase shift that is always approximately 180 degrees, meaning that an increase in the potential always causes a decrease in the conductance. The amplitude of the induced conductance modulation, however, depends on several parameters. First, it depends on the atomic configurations of the individual wires. Second, the relative amplitude, defined as the ratio of the conductance modulation amplitude to the conductance, decreases as the diameter of the wire increases. Third, it depends on whether anion adsorption is present. In the absence of anion adsorption, it is approximately 0.55G(0) (G(0) = 2e(2)/h) per V of potential modulation, for a wire with conductance quantized near 1G(0). This double layer charging-induced conductance modulation can be attributed to a change in the effective diameter of the wire. In the presence of anion adsorption, the amplitude is much larger (e.g., approximately 1.6G(0)/V when I(-) adsorption takes place) and correlates well with the strength of the adsorption, which is due to the scattering of conduction electrons by the adsorbed anions.
Drug Targets in the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Family: Why Some Are and Some Are Not (2003)

The L-type calcium channel antagonists have been, and continue to be, a very successful group of therapeutic agents targeted at cardiovascular disorders, notably angina and hypertension. The discovery that the voltage-gated calcium channels are a large and widely distributed family with important roles in both the peripheral and central nervous systems has initiated a major search for drugs active at other calcium channel types directed at disorders of the central nervous system, including pain, epilepsy, and stroke. These efforts have not been therapeutically successful thus far, and small molecule equivalents of the L-type blockers nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil directed at non–L-type channels have not been found. The underlying reasons for this are discussed together with suggestions for new directions, including fertility control, oxygen-sensitive channels, and calcium channel activators.
A high-speed traffic manager architecture for flow-based networking (2017)

This paper presents a fast traffic manager architecture targeting to meet some requirements of the 5G next generation cellular communication technology, and of the high-speed networking devices in the software defined networking context. Also, an important goal is to reduce latency to a minimum in order to best support the upcoming 5G. The proposed traffic manager functionalities are policing, scheduling, shaping, and queuing of incoming traffic (packets) on egress ports in a network processing unit. Policing, scheduling, and shaping guarantee that packets are sent in such a way to meet the allowed bandwidth quotas for each flow, and enforce some desired quality of service. The implemented architecture is based on the C coding language and is synthesized with the Vivado High Level Synthesis tool. A throughput improvement of 2.0× over previous reported works is claimed. The proposed design of the traffic manager is capable of providing 15.8 Gbps per egress port for 64 byte sized packets, and it works at 93 MHz when implemented with a Zynq 7000 FPGA from Xilinx.
Optimized enterprise risk management (2007)

As the result of the increasing costs of risk and compliance activities, enterprises are beginning to integrate compliance and risk management into a comprehensive enterprise risk management function and thus proactively address all sorts of risk, including operational risk and the risk of noncompliance. We present the IBM Research enterprise risk management framework, designed to address risk and compliance management in a strategic, integrated, and comprehensive manner. We demonstrate how enterprises evolve along an enterprise-risk-management maturity continuum from a state of mere penalty avoidance through a state of improvement until they finally reach a state of continuous, risk-based transformation. We then explain our high-level model of the enterprise and its environment and describe the central issues, systems, models, and technologies involved. We conclude by presenting the tactical steps necessary to successfully launch enterprise risk management in accordance with our framework.
AN EVALUATION OF AFFERENT NERVOUS IMPULSES IN THE ADRENAL CORTICAL RESPONSE TO TRAUMA (1950)

Direct stimulation of a peripheral nerve (Long, 1946), and exposure of an organism to such purely neurotropic stimuli as sound and light (Fortier, 1949, 1950), has been shown to produce an increase in adrenal cortical activity. It is the purpose of this investigation to learn to what extent afferent nervous impulses participate in the increased adrenal cortical activity following trauma (Selye, 1946). The adrenal ascorbic acid concentration was determined, as an index of adrenal cortical activity (Sayers and Sayers, 1948), following local trauma (i.e., fracture and scalding) to innervated and denervated limbs. Painful stimuli are known to evoke a discharge of epinephrine. Epinephrine has in turn been shown to be capable of stimulating the corticotrophic activity of the pituitary (Vogt, 1944; Long and Fry, 1945), although it is not essential for the increased adrenal cortical activity following nonspecific stress (Recant et al., 1950; Gordon, 1950).
The Forecasting and Impact of the Loss of Critical Human Skills Necessary for Supporting Legacy Systems (2015)

The loss of critical human skills that are either nonreplenishable or take very long periods of time to reconstitute impacts the support of legacy systems ranging from infrastructure, military, and aerospace to information technology. Many legacy systems must be supported for long periods of time because they are prohibitively expensive to replace. Loss of critical human skills is a problem for legacy system support organizations as they try to understand and mitigate the effects of an aging workforce with highly specialized low-demand skill sets. Existing literature focuses on workers that have skills that are obsolete and therefore need to be retrained to remain employable; alternatively, this paper addresses the system support impacts due to the lack of workers with the required skill set. This paper develops a model for forecasting the loss of critical human skills and the impact of that loss on the future cost of system support. The model can be used to support business cases for system replacement. A detailed case study of a legacy control system from the chemical manufacturing industry is provided and managerial insights associated with the support of the system drawn.