gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A collaborative problem-solving framework for mobile devices (2004)

The explosive growth in the number of mobile devices such as Internet-enabled cellular phones, wireless handheld devices, wireless laptops, and tablet PCs has driven the corresponding growth in applications for mobile computing. These applications usually belong to one of two classes: collaborative applications and individual application. While collaborative applications require several mobile devices to work together and include peer-to-peer computing and grid computing, individual applications are local to the mobile device and its user. In this paper, we present a framework that allows mobile devices to collaboratively work on a computationally-expensive problem. Such a problem is decomposed into smaller tasks and distributed across other mobile devices willing to share their computational power with others. This framework is based on the paradigm of grid computing applied to the domain of wireless mobile devices. This paper presents our current implementation of the framework architecture and simulation of its functionality. Also, we focus on the issues of mobility, QoS and network stability and their effect on the performance of our collaborative problem-solving framework.
Impact of Feedback Phosphorylation and Raf Heterodimerization on Normal and Mutant B-Raf Signaling (2009)

The B-Raf kinase is a Ras pathway effector activated by mutation in numerous human cancers and certain developmental disorders. Here we report that normal and oncogenic B-Raf proteins are subject to a regulatory cycle of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent feedback phosphorylation, followed by PP2A- and Pin1-dependent dephosphorylation/recycling. We identify four S/TP sites of B-Raf phosphorylated by activated ERK and find that feedback phosphorylation of B-Raf inhibits binding to activated Ras and disrupts heterodimerization with C-Raf, which is dependent on the B-Raf pS729/14-3-3 binding site. Moreover, we find that events influencing Raf heterodimerization can alter the transforming potential of oncogenic B-Raf proteins possessing intermediate or impaired kinase activity but have no significant effect on proteins with high kinase activity, such as V600E B-Raf. Mutation of the feedback sites or overexpression of the Pin1 prolyl-isomerase, which facilitates B-Raf dephosphorylation/recycling, resulted in increased transformation, whereas mutation of the S729/14-3-3 binding site or expression of dominant negative Pin1 reduced transformation. Mutation of each feedback site caused increased transformation and correlated with enhanced heterodimerization and activation of C-Raf. Finally, we find that B-Raf and C-Raf proteins containing mutations identified in certain developmental disorders constitutively heterodimerize and that their signaling activity can also be modulated by feedback phosphorylation.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiparasitic Activities of New 4-[5-(4-Phenoxyphenyl)-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]morpholine Derivatives (2007)

A series of new 4-[5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]morpholine derivatives, prepared by two synthetic routes, were in vitro assayed against three Trypanosoma strains, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum K1. Seven out of 17 compounds showed moderate to very good activity against blood stage T. b. rhodesiense, with 10 and 17 exhibiting highest potency (IC50 of 1.0 and 1.1 microM, respectively). Interestingly, the beta-diketone precursors 1-3 had good antitrypanosomal activity toward the insect stage, with IC50 values of 1.0-3.4 microM. Among different compounds with moderate activity against T. cruzi, compound 17 showed the lowest IC50 value of 9.5 microM; thus, the series seemed to act selectively toward the different Trypanosoma parasites. Eight compounds were moderately active against L. donovani, with 2, 3, and 12 being the most promising ones (IC50 values of 2.3-5.2 microM), whereas compound 14 was the only derivative with good activity against P. falciparum (IC50 of 3.7 microM).
Factors Contributing to a Prolonged Stay After Ambulatory Surgery (1999)

We identified predictors for prolonged postoperative stay after ambulatory surgery using multiple logistic regression models. We collected perioperative data for 16,411 ambulatory surgical patients. A log-transformed time to discharge variable was modeled by multiple linear regression, including patient-, anesthesia-, and surgery-specific variables. The impact of hypothetical elimination of perioperative adverse events on mean length of stay was also estimated. Separate analyses were performed among patients who received general anesthesia (GA) and monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Patients receiving GA stayed 50 min longer than patients receiving MAC. Patients receiving GA and undergoing strabismus, transurethral, or otorhinolaryngological/dental procedures had the longest postoperative stay. Among patients receiving GA, smokers had a 4% shorter stay compared with nonsmokers; among patients receiving MAC, those with congestive heart failure (CHF) had a 11% longer stay compared with patients without CHF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, excessive pain, and cardiovascular events predicted 22%–79% increases in postoperative stay. The hypothetical elimination of all adverse events resulted in a 9.6% decrease in mean length of stay among patients receiving GA, but in only a 3.8% decrease among patients receiving MAC. The length of postoperative stay among ambulatory surgical patients is mainly determined by the type of surgery and by adverse events, such as excessive pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and cardiovascular events. Patients with CHF and those who underwent long procedures had a higher risk of a prolonged stay. Appropriate prevention and management of postoperative symptoms could significantly decrease the length of stay among patients receiving GA. Implications The length of postoperative stay among ambulatory surgical patients is mainly determined by the type of surgery and by adverse events, such as excessive pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and untoward cardiovascular events. Patients with congestive heart failure and those who underwent long procedures had a higher risk of a prolonged stay. Appropriate prevention and management of postoperative symptoms could significantly decrease the length of stay among patients receiving general anesthesia.
UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR MAPPING AND 3D MODELING – CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES (2012)

Abstract. UAV platforms are nowadays a valuable source of data for inspection, surveillance, mapping and 3D modeling issues. New applications in the short- and close-range domain are introduced, being the UAVs a low-cost alternatives to the classical manned aerial photogrammetry. Rotary or fixed wing UAVs, capable of performing the photogrammetric data acquisition with amateur or SLR digital cameras, can fly in manual, semi-automated and autonomous modes. With a typical photogrammetric pipeline, 3D results like DSM/DTM, contour lines, textured 3D models, vector data, etc. can be produced, in a reasonable automated way. The paper reports the latest developments of UAV image processing methods for photogrammetric applications, mapping and 3D modeling issues. Automation is nowadays necessary and feasible at the image orientation, DSM generation and orthophoto production stages, while accurate feature extraction is still an interactive procedure. New perspectives are also addressed.
Isolation and characterization of catalytic and calmodulin‐binding domains of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> adenylate cyclase (1991)

A truncated Bordetella pertussis cya gene product was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-agarose. Trypsin cleavage of the 432-residue recombinant protein (Mr = 46,659) generated two fragments of 28 kDa and 19 kDa. These fragments, each containing a single Trp residue, were purified and analyzed for their catalytic and calmodulin-binding properties. The 28-kDa peptide, corresponding to the N-terminal domain of the recombinant adenylate cyclase, exhibited very low catalytic activity, and was still able to bind calmodulin weakly, as evidenced by using a fluorescent derivative of the activator protein. The 19-kDa peptide, corresponding to the C-terminal domain of the recombinant adenylate cyclase, interacted only with calmodulin as indicated by a shift in its intrinsic fluorescence emission spectrum or by the enhancement of fluorescence of dansyl-calmodulin. T28 and T19 fragments exhibited an increased sensitivity to denaturation by urea as compared to uncleaved adenylate cyclase, suggesting that interactive contacts between ordered portions of T28 and T19 in the intact protein participate both in their own stabilization and in stabilization of the whole tertiary structure. The two fragments reassociated into a highly active calmodulin-dependent species. Reassociation was enhanced by calmodulin itself, which 'trapped' the two complementary peptides into a stable, native-like, ternary complex, which shows similar catalytic properties to intact adenylate cyclase.
Characteristics of a dual-wavelength semiconductor laser near 1550 nm (1999)

The implementation of a widely tunable, dual-wavelength semiconductor laser near 1550 nm is reported. The characteristics of its operation under different conditions of injection current and output feedback are discussed. Because the gain spectrum of this laser varied significantly with the injection current level, the signals of the two oscillating wavelengths interplay through the competition for the carriers. Generally, the feedback of the signal of one wavelength enhanced its own output power and suppressed the other unless the gain of the former is significantly lower than the later.
Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy (2017)

This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple-author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state-of-the-art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Coming of Age for Low-Density Explosives (2005)

Low-density explosives have been developed with trials being conducted for over 20 years and yet have still only gained limited market acceptance despite producing some very promising results. The biggest concern with industry acceptance has been disbelief that a product with lower density than the ANFO benchmark could fragment anything but the weakest of strata. Trials have been carried out with products such as diluted ANFO, low-density ammonium nitrate (AN) and various other mixes, although it has been only recently that low-density explosives have been accepted as a serious alternative to traditional products such as ANFO and heavy ANFO. The recent uptake of low-density products has been the result of several key factors: • the current resources boom forcing AN supply issues, • the development of new handling techniques, and • a far better understanding of the utilisation of such products. This paper highlights the benefits of low-density products available in the market and focuses on the situations where low-density explosives can provide the end user with benefits that would otherwise be achieved through more time consuming methods. Through correct implementation, low-density explosives can provide the blast designer with another option when looking at the optimum method of breaking the rock. This while still controlling the other limiting factors such as cost, environmental impacts (noise, vibration, dust and fumes), coal damage and safety (stable walls).
Base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage and association with cancer and aging (2008)

Aging has been associated with damage accumulation in the genome and with increased cancer incidence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced from endogenous sources, most notably the oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria, and from exogenous sources, such as ionizing radiation. ROS attack DNA readily, generating a variety of DNA lesions, such as oxidized bases and strand breaks. If not properly removed, DNA damage can be potentially devastating to normal cell physiology, leading to mutagenesis and/or cell death, especially in the case of cytotoxic lesions that block the progression of DNA/RNA polymerases. Damage-induced mutagenesis has been linked to various malignancies. The major mechanism that cells use to repair oxidative damage lesions, such as 8-hydroxyguanine, formamidopyrimidines, and 5-hydroxyuracil, is base excision repair (BER). The BER pathway in the nucleus is well elucidated. More recently, BER was shown to also exist in the mitochondria. Here, we review the association of BER of oxidative DNA damage with aging, cancer and other diseases.
Bolt-on Differential Privacy for Scalable Stochastic Gradient Descent-based Analytics (2017)

While significant progress has been made separately on analytics systems for scalable stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and private SGD, none of the major scalable analytics frameworks have incorporated differentially private SGD. There are two inter-related issues for this disconnect between research and practice: (1) low model accuracy due to added noise to guarantee privacy, and (2) high development and runtime overhead of the private algorithms. This paper takes a first step to remedy this disconnect and proposes a private SGD algorithm to address both issues in an integrated manner. In contrast to the white-box approach adopted by previous work, we revisit and use the classical technique of output perturbation to devise a novel ``bolt-on'' approach to private SGD. While our approach trivially addresses (2), it makes (1) even more challenging. We address this challenge by providing a novel analysis of the L2-sensitivity of SGD, which allows, under the same privacy guarantees, better convergence of SGD when only a constant number of passes can be made over the data. We integrate our algorithm, as well as other state-of-the-art differentially private SGD, into Bismarck, a popular scalable SGD-based analytics system on top of an RDBMS. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm can be easily integrated, incurs virtually no overhead, scales well, and most importantly, yields substantially better (up to 4X) test accuracy than the state-of-the-art algorithms on many real datasets.
네오디뮴 산화물로부터 칼슘열환원법에 의한 Nd - Fe 모합금의 제조에 관한 연구 (1993)

Calciothermic reduction of Nd₂O₃ was attempted to produce Nd-Fe mother alloy in the presence of a flux, CaCl₂ at temperatures of 820℃ to 1050℃. Feed material was a powder mixture of Nd₂O₃, Ca, CaCl₂ and Fe, having a given composition. Reduction experiments were carried out under stirring condition and reduced Nd was collected into a molten metal pool of Nd-Fe alloy at the bottom of the crucible. Recovery of the metallic Nd was calculated by the difference of weights of the alloy and slag. Alloy and slag thus made were analyzed by I.C.P., SEM and X-ray diffractometer. Metal recovery was increased with increasing temperature, reaction time and also stirring rate. Experimental results showed that the optimum amounts of metallic Ca and CaCl₂ were 15% in excess than the theoretical amount and 4.0 mole ratio to the theoretical moles of CaO formed, respectively. The alloy composition was in the range of 76.31 to 85.23wt% Nd, 13.90 to 23.41wt% Fe and 0.29 to 0.39wt% Ca depending on the experimental temperature. The best purity of the alloy was analyzed to be 99.55wt%.
Compositional Simulation of Cyclic Gas Injection in Liquid-Rich Shale Reservoirs Using Existing Simulators with a Framework for Incorporating Nanopores (2020)

Abstract The current models for predicting the phase behavior of gas injection in shale can be highly unreliable because nanopores (with diameters less than 50 nm) form a significant pore volume in many shale formations. Conventional PVT models cannot describe the phase behavior in nanopores. Here, we present a practical framework to regenerate the PVT considering the shale nanopores effect for a more reliable compositional simulation of gas injection in shale reservoirs by using existing commercial simulators. The pore-size distribution in shale reservoirs can be discretized into a bulk-region (fractures and macropores) and nanopores. We use a pore-size-dependent equation of state (PR-C EOS) to describe the phase behavior of the fluid for each pore. Bulk fluid characterization with laboratory PVT reports determines the bulk fluid parameters for the PR-C EOS. The confinement parameters for the PR-C EOS are from the reported database (Luo et al. 2018a). Further, multi-scale phase equilibria are calculated by minimizing the free energy. We model the multi-scale constant composition expansion and constant volume depletion with volume expansion per stage. The modeling generates multi-scale PVT (formation volume factor, saturation, etc.) for the shale reservoir, which is used to retrain the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) by modifying the acentric factor, binary interactions, and critical temperature and pressure. The retrained PR EOS is then applied in a commercial compositional simulator to forecast gas injection improved oil recovery (IOR) in shale. We also use the updated gas saturations in the multi-scale PVT model to modify the relative permeability tables used in the compositional simulation. We predict significantly higher gas production and lower oil production when the effect of shale nanopores on the phase behavior and updated relative permeability are considered in the compositional simulation of the primary depletion of shale reservoirs. In the gas injection improved oil recovery (IOR) stage, the cumulative oil production is enhanced with both the original and multi-scale PVT models. However, when the effect of nanopores is not considered in the compositional simulation, the increases in the cumulative oil production and cumulative gas production can be underestimated and overestimated, respectively. This can have significant consequences on the economic evaluation of the gas IOR projects in shale reservoirs. The application of multi-scale phase equilibria in shale reservoirs is challenging in compositional simulators. Our proposed framework enables engineers to incorporate multi-scale phase equilibria from the PR-C EOS in their shale reservoir simulations. It does not require a change in the cubic equations of state in current developed commercial compositional simulators, thus preserving the efficiency of the compositional simulators.
Analysis of a Fuel Cell System by a Step Response (2010)

Abstract A simple method for analysing a fuel cell system using the voltage response to a step change in load resistance is presented in this work. With the modified Randles model, where two resistors and two capacitors are implemented for the Warburg impedance, the response curve is fitted with three exponential curves. Six independent equations corresponding to six parameters of the model can be obtained from the fitted values, and they are solved under two specific assumptions for the initial state. The parameters are the charge double layer capacitance, the charge transfer resistance, a resistor–capacitor pair related to gas diffusion and another pair related to water diffusion. A down curve of the voltage for the step down change in load and an up curve for the step up change are fitted and parameters for both cases are evaluated separately. Analysis is performed by comparing the parameters at different current levels. The impedance is also simulated using the estimated parameters in order to show which parameter is the rate‐determining factor of the fuel cell reaction with increasing current levels.
Surface Preparation and Deposited Gate Oxides for Gallium Nitride Based Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices (2012)

The literature on polar Gallium Nitride (GaN) surfaces, surface treatments and gate dielectrics relevant to metal oxide semiconductor devices is reviewed. The significance of the GaN growth technique and growth parameters on the properties of GaN epilayers, the ability to modify GaN surface properties using in situ and ex situ processes and progress on the understanding and performance of GaN metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices are presented and discussed. Although a reasonably consistent picture is emerging from focused studies on issues covered in each of these topics, future research can achieve a better understanding of the critical oxide-semiconductor interface by probing the connections between these topics. The challenges in analyzing defect concentrations and energies in GaN MOS gate stacks are discussed. Promising gate dielectric deposition techniques such as atomic layer deposition, which is already accepted by the semiconductor industry for silicon CMOS device fabrication, coupled with more advanced physical and electrical characterization methods will likely accelerate the pace of learning required to develop future GaN-based MOS technology.
Control of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in ethylene polymerization with metallocene catalysts (1995)

Abstract The molecular weight (MW) and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyethylene (PE) prepared with various metallocene catalysts were investigated. The weight‐average molecular weight ( M w ) of PE prepared with dicyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride/aluminoxane (Cp 2 TiCl 2 /MAO) was about 4,0 · 10 5 , while that of PE obtained with dicyclopentadienylzirconium dichloride/aluminoxane (Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO) is about 1,0 · 10 5 . PE of bimodal MWD was obtained with the mixed catalyst Cp 2 TiCl 2 /Cp 2 ZrCl 2 . Narrow MWD PE was obtained with the mixed catalyst Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /Et(ind) 2 ZrCl 2 , because each catalyst produced an M w of 1,0 · 10 5 . However, the change of temperature during the polymerization with the mixture Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /Et(ind) 2 ZrCl 2 produced PE with a bimodal MWD and a value of the ratio of weight‐ to number‐average molecular weights of M w / M n = 4.
Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays from Rhodium Catalysts with Unexpected Diameter Uniformity Independent of the Catalyst Size and Growth Temperature (2016)

Diameter control in the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays is vital to the control of their properties and their integration into practical devices. Controlling the size of catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) and following a tangential nucleation mode has been shown to be an effective approach to diameter control of SWNTs. The size distribution of SWNTs, however, was much wider than that of the catalyst NPs because of the evolution of catalysts at high growth temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles serve as highly active catalysts for the synthesis of dense and aligned arrays of SWNTs and offer unexpected diameter control via a perpendicular nucleation mode. The diameter distribution of SWNTs grown from the Rh catalysts is much narrower than that from conventional iron and copper catalysts and is independent of the size and shape of the catalyst NPs. More importantly, the Rh catalysts have remarkable catalytic activity at reduced temperatures (<800 °C) and exhibit improved chirality control through a decrease in the growth temperature.