gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No alteration in the primary structure of the mineralocorticoid receptor in a family with pseudohypoaldosteronism (1994)

We have studied the molecular structure of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) complementary DNA (cDNA) in a kindred affected by pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). In this family, the clinical symptoms included salt wasting and failure to thrive, accompanied by high urinary levels of sodium despite hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, elevation of PRA, and high plasma aldosterone levels. The patients were resistant to mineralocorticoid administration, but their symptoms ameliorated after a period of sodium supplementation, which was discontinued in older patients. Binding studies performed on mononuclear leukocytes of the members of the family have shown the absence of MR in two siblings and a marked reduction in another sibling and the father, suggesting either the absence of MR or a defect of the ligand-binding domain of the MR in these patients. Southern analysis of patient's DNA did not show any major rearrangement of the MR gene. To search for point mutations in the cDNA of the MR, we performed amplification of the MR cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of amplified products. No mutation was found in the entire coding sequence of the MR in patients affected by PHA.
Experimental and Computational Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of 9-Fluorenone and 9-Fluorenol (2012)

This report presents a study of the thermodynamic properties of 9-fluorenone and 9-fluorenol. The standard enthalpies of formation of 9-fluorenone and 9-fluorenol in the crystalline phase at T = 298.15 K were determined from the energies of combustion in oxygen as −(11.4 ± 3.8) kJ·mol–1 and −(66.3 ± 2.9) kJ·mol–1, respectively. Vapor pressures of the two compounds were measured at several temperatures using two different experimental methods (Knudsen effusion for crystalline-phase vapor pressures and a static method for crystalline- and liquid-phase vapor pressures), which yielded reliable values of the enthalpies of sublimation, vaporization, and fusion. The sublimation and fusion enthalpies were also determined using calorimetric methods. The enthalpies of sublimation at T = 298.15 K were derived from the static vapor pressure measurements as (95.1 ± 0.5) kJ·mol–1 for 9-fluorenone and (108.3 ± 0.5) kJ·mol–1 for 9-fluorenol. The results enabled the determination of the standard Gibbs energy of the aerobic reactions of oxidation of fluorene to 9-fluorenol and 9-fluorenone and of the oxidation of 9-fluorenol to 9-fluorenone. Values of the standard enthalpies of formation in the gas phase were also calculated.
Static and dynamic evaluation of data dependence analysis techniques (1996)

Data dependence analysis techniques are the main component of today's trategies for automatic detection of parallelism. Parallelism detection strategies are being incorporated in commercial compilers with increasing frequency because of the widespread use of processors capable of exploiting instruction-level parallelism and the growing importance of multiprocessors. An assessment of the accuracy of data dependence tests is therefore of great importance for compiler writers and researchers. The tests evaluated in this study include the generalized greatest common divisor test, three variants of Banerjee's test, and the Omega test. Their effectiveness was measured with respect to the Perfect Benchmarks and the linear algebra libraries, EISPACK and LAPACK. Two methods were applied, one using only compile-time information for the analysis, and the second using information gathered during program execution. The results indicate that Banerjee's test is for all practical purposes as accurate as the more complex Omega test in detecting parallelism. However, the Omega test is quite effective in proving the existence of dependences, in contrast with Banerjee's test, which can only disprove, or break dependences. The capability of the Omega test of proving dependences could have a significant impact on several compiler algorithms not considered in this study.
Threshold Defined Camouflaged Gates in 65nm Technology for Reverse Engineering Protection (2018)

Due to the ever-increasing threat of Reverse Engineering (RE) of Intellectual Property (IP) for malicious gains, camouflaging of logic gates is becoming very important. In this paper, we present experimental demonstration of transistor threshold voltage-defined switch [2] based camouflaged logic gates that can hide six logic functionalities i.e. NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR and XNOR. The proposed gates can be used to design the IP, forcing an adversary to perform brute-force guess-and-verify of the underlying functionality---increasing the RE effort. We propose two flavors of camouflaging, one employing only a pass transistor (NMOS-switch) and the other utilizing a full pass transistor (CMOS-switch). The camouflaged gates are used to design Ring-Oscillators (RO) in ST 65nm technology, one for each functionality, on which we have performed temperature, voltage, and process-variation analysis. We observe that CMOS-switch based camouflaged gate offers a higher performance (~1.5-8X better) than NMOS-switch based gate at an added area cost of only 5%. The proposed gates show functionality till 0.65V. We are also able to reclaim lost performance by dynamically changing the switch gate voltage and show that robust operation can be achieved at lower voltage and under temperature fluctuation.
Transthyretin expression in medulloblastomas and medulloblastoma cell lines (1995)

Transthyretin is a protein crucial to the transport of lipophilic molecules such as thyroid hormones and retinoids. In the central nervous system, large amounts of transthyretin are synthesized by the choroid plexus and are secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid. The choroid plexus is the only site of transthyretin synthesis in the brain. Transthyretin is expressed by most benign and malignant choroid plexus tumours while gliomas and meningiomas do not express transthyretin. Other major sites of transthyretin synthesis are the retinal pigment epithelium and hepatocytes. Medulloblastoma is the prototypical primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the cerebellum and can show multiple lines of differentiation, including the expression of retinal markers. In this study, we examined transthyretin expression both at the RNA and protein level in four medulloblastomas and six medulloblastoma cell lines using Northern and Western blot analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. All four medulloblastomas and five of the six medulloblastoma cell lines expressed transthyretin-mRNA as demonstrated by reverse PCR and in situ hybridization while three medulloblastomas and one cell line were positive on Northern blot. The medulloblastoma with the most abundant RNA expression was transthyretin-immunoreactive on cryosections and the medulloblastoma cell line that was positive on Northern blot also expressed transthyretin at levels detectable by Western blot. No transthyretin-immunoreactivity was seen in 16 additional medulloblastomas studied on paraffin sections. These findings indicate that low-level expression of transthyretin-mRNA is common in medulloblastomas and medulloblastoma cell lines. Expression of transthyretin protein occurs rarely but can reach significant levels. Transthyretin expression in medulloblastoma is consistent with retinal pigment epithelium differentiation in medulloblastomas and reflects their pluripotential nature. Furthermore, the potential for transthyretin-immunoreactivity in medulloblastoma should be kept in mind when performing immunohistochemical studies on poorly differentiated cerebellar tumours.
Textured lead titanate ceramics fabricated by slip casting under a high magnetic field (2011)

Oriented PbTiO3 ceramics were obtained by slip casting under a high magnetic field, and the orientation factor was 90%. Such highly oriented perovskite ceramics by slip casting under a high magnetic field have never been reported as far as we know. It was thought that dispersibility and crystallinity of the powder were important for orientation by slip casting under a high magnetic field. In this study, we controlled the dispersibility and crystallinity of powder by calcination temperature. As a result, the sample obtained from the powder calcined at 1100°C was oriented, but the one obtained from the powder calcined at 900°C was not. The powder calcined at 900°C is more aggregated than that at 1100°C and the crystallinity of the powder calcined at 1100°C is higher than that of the powder calcined at 900°C. It became clear that highly oriented PbTiO3 ceramics can be fabricated from the powder with high dispersibility and high crystallinity by slip casting under a high magnetic field.
Benzimidazole Fungicides: Mechanism of Action and Biological Impact (1986)

The wide application of benzimidazoles in agriculture and veterinary medi­ cine as fungicides and anthelminthic drugs, and their experimental use in cancer chemotherapy, has led to intensive research to elucidate their mode of action in detail. These studies show that bioactive benzimidazoles are specific inhibitors of microtubule assembly that act by binding to their heterodimeric subunit, the tubulin molecule. Most of the original literature on antifungal benzimidazoles has already been discussed in a number of reviews (4, 10, 1 3, 14, 19, 52). This chapter, therefore, does not give an extensive review of the complete literature but rather discusses those experiments that made essential contributions to the development of the research area. Much of our knowledge stems from research in fungal cell biology and molecular genetics that uses benzimidazoles as tools to study tubulin structure and the organization and function of microtubules. Rapid progress is being made in the latter areas, which ultimately will lead to a complete characterization of the benzimidazole binding site at the tubulin molecule and its role in microtubule assembly.
A Pilot Symbols Aided Adaptive Kalman Filter for Joint Carrier Phase and Polarization Tracking in Coherent Optical System (2018)

A joint compensation scheme based on pilot symbols aiding adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) for phase noise and polarization cross-talk is proposed and investigated via numerical simulation and experimental demonstration. In the proposed scheme, the optimizing parameter Q is adaptively adjusted according to signal parameters or channel conditions. This improvement avoids the drawback of conventional extended Kalman filter (EKF), and its performance is strongly dependent on Q. Another improvement is that the convergence speed of AKF is improved. Pilot quadrature phase shift keyin (QPSK) symbols are inserted into 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals periodically. Besides accelerating convergence speed, the employment of pilot symbols also improves the tracking capability of AKF. The format ratio between pilot symbols and payload symbols is suggested under different system environments, for instance, optical signal-to-noise rate, polarization rotation frequency drift rate, and laser linewidth. With the proposed scheme, it has excellent tolerance to initial parameter Q and dramatically improves the performances in convergence speed, polarization rotation frequency drift rate tracking, and carrier phase recovery. Both the numerical simulation and experimental demonstration achieve convergence improvement for around 40 times than the original AKF. Additionally, the improvements in tracking ability are also demonstrated.
Fast backprojection algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (2003)

We introduce a new algorithm for time-domain backprojection of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The algorithm reproduces images generated by standard backprojection pixel-for-pixel to any required tolerance, but it runs roughly /spl radic/N times faster for an N by N pixel image. Fast backprojection retains the advantages of standard backprojection: perfect motion compensation for any flight path, low artifact levels, unlimited scene size, perfect focus for arbitrarily wide bandwidths and integration angles, and strictly local processing (i.e., pulses can be processed as they are collected without along-track buffering or corner turns). The new algorithm also makes it possible to store the image in progress on disk (rather than in memory) with only a mild penalty in processing speed.
[The treatment of deep burn of children's hands with early tangential excision and full-thickness skin grafting]. (1995)

Eighteen cases (21 hands) with full-thickness burn have been treated with tangential excision and full-thickness skin grafting at early stage since 1990. All the hands recovered with good appearance and function. The method and its indications were summarized.
Repetitive control for the track-following servo system of an optical disk drive (1998)

Disturbances acting on the track-following servo system of an optical disk drive inherently contain significant periodic components that cause tracking errors of a periodic nature. Such disturbances can be effectively rejected by employing a repetitive controller, which must be implemented carefully in consideration of system stability. Plant uncertainty makes it difficult to design a repetitive controller that will improve tracking performance yet preserve system stability. In this paper, we examine the problem of designing a repetitive controller for an optical disk drive track-following servo system with uncertain plant coefficients. We propose a graphical design technique based on the frequency domain analysis of linear interval systems. This design method results in a repetitive controller that will maintain system stability against all admissible plant uncertainties. We show simulation and experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed design method.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines Containing Electron-Withdrawing Groups (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines Containing Electron-Withdrawing GroupsGeorge J. Quallich, Teresa W. Makowski, Andrew F. Sanders, Frank J. Urban, and Enrique VazquezView Author Information Process Research and Development, Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 12, 4116–4119Publication Date (Web):May 19, 1998Publication History Received2 December 1997Published online19 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo972184ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo972184ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3801Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ammonia,Anions,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Sodium Get e-Alerts
CLeveldb: Coalesced Leveldb for Small Data (2019)

This paper proposes a coalesced key-value pairs generation technique for CLeveldb. The proposed method employs an additional buffer cache and Upper Meta file which increases write performance of CLeveldb by merging multiple small data into a larger chunk and provides consistency by logging each transaction in Upper Meta file. The preliminary experimental results show that, the proposed method improves the writing performance of small data by 6 times as compared with Leveldb as input key-value item size becomes smaller.
Heterogeneous catalysis in solution. Part 21. The effect of various carbons on the solvolysis of 2-chloro-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane in 50% v/v ethanol–water (1980)

The first-order solvolysis of PhCH2CMe2Cl in 50% v/v EtOH–H2O at 40 °C was found to be inhibited by two types of carbon, Hopkin and Williams activated charcoal and Akzo Ketjenblack E.C. Competitive adsorption experiments indicated that the substrate was adsorbed at its phenyl end. The surface solvolysis was found by a combination of kinetic and adsorption measurements to have a rate constant 1/4 as large as the homogeneous solvolysis and a greater activation energy. The main reason for the slower solvolysis of the adsorbed molecules was preferential adsorption of ethanol on the carbon surface. The adsorption isotherm on charcoal of PhCH2CMe2Cl in 50% v/v EtOH–H2O was also derived from the experimental data.
Microscopic fluorescent imaging of surface temperature profiles with 0.01 °C resolution (1982)

We have exploited the temperature-dependent fluorescence quantum efficiency in europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) to make high-resolution, noncontact temperature measurements on the surface of an integrated circuit chip. The EuTTA is spun onto the chip in a polymer film. The chip is illuminated with long-wave UV light, and the orange fluorescence is imaged onto a charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera. Digital image processing completely removes the optical features in the image, leaving a purely thermal map of the surface temperature profile with a measured temperature resolution of better than 0.01 °C and a spatial resolution of 15 μm. With a different camera and optics, 1-μm resolution should be possible, allowing thermal imaging of the smallest high-speed integrated circuits.
Calculating Quantile‐Based Risk Analytics with <i>L</i>‐Estimators (2003)

Quantile‐based measures of risk, e.g., value at risk (VaR), are widely used in portfolio risk applications. Increasing attention is being directed toward managing risk, which involves identifying sources of risk and assessing the economic impact of potential trades. This article compares the performance of two quantile‐based VaR estimators commonly applied to assess the market risk of option portfolios and the credit risk of bond portfolios.
Structure−Activity Relationships for Inhibition of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase by Nuclear Variants of Mycophenolic Acid (1996)

Structure-activity relationships in the region of the phthalide ring of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor mycophenolic acid have been explored. Replacement of the lactone ring with other cyclic moieties resulted in loss of potency, especially for larger groups. Replacement of the ring by acyclic substituents also indicated a strong sensitivity to steric bulk. A phenolic hydroxyl group, with an adjacent hydrogen bond acceptor, was found to be essential for high potency. The aromatic methyl group was essential for activity; the methoxyl group could be replaced by ethyl to give a compound with 2-4 times the potency of mycophenolic acid in vitro and in vivo.
A 0.5V 2.2pW 2-transistor voltage reference (2009)

A voltage reference using a depletion-mode device is designed in a 0.13 mum CMOS process and achieves ultra-low power consumption and sub-1V operation without sacrificing temperature and supply voltage insensitivity. Measurements show a temperature coefficient of 19.4 ppm/degC (3.4 muV/degC), line sensitivity of 0.033%/V, power supply rejection ratio of -67 dB, and power consumption of 2.2 pW. It requires only two devices and functions down to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> = 0.5 V with an area of 1350 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A variant for higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> is also demonstrated.
The HER-2/<i>neu</i>Oncogene in Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2001)

The HER-2/neu oncogene is localized to chromosome 17q and shares significant homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor. As a result of its potential role in the selection of therapy, HER-2/neu testing has reached near-standard-of-practice status in breast cancer. There is considerable interest in HER-2/neu as a prognostic factor and target of therapy in tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review of HER-2/neu expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, and colon, a wide range of expression of HER-2/neu from 0 to 83% likely reflects both differences in methods and reagents, as well as study bias associated with patient selection (i.e., early versus advanced disease). For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, little information exists as to the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu expression. In adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett's esophagus there is contradictory data. However, most of the information available indicates that this marker has significant prognostic value. In gastric adenocarcinoma, the wide expression range may truly reflect patient selection because HER-2/neu positivity appears linked to advanced rather than early disease with limited invasion. The majority of studies favor a significant prognostic value of HER-2/neu status for this tumor. Finally, in colorectal cancer HER-2/neu overexpression also appears to be a significant adverse outcome indicator as judged by the current published literature. In conclusion, given that either HER-2/neu protein overexpression or gene amplification is associated with approximately one-fourth of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies, strategies designed to employ the marker in therapy selection appear warranted. During the next several years it will not be surprising to see these tumors treated with antiHER-2/neu modalities such as Herceptin, likely in combination with other agents initially for patients with advanced disease, and possibly for individuals with high-risk lesions in an adjuvant setting.
Speech Quality of VoIP: Assessment and Prediction (2006)

Preface. List of Abbreviations. Introduction. 1 Speech Quality in Telephony. 1.1 Speech. 1.2 Speech Quality. 2 Speech Quality Measurement Methods. 2.1 Auditory Methods. 2.2 Instrumental Methods. 2.3 Speech Quality Measurement Methods: Summary. 3 Quality Elements and Quality Features of VoIP. 3.1 Speech Transmission Using Internet Protocol. 3.2 Overview of Quality Elements. 3.3 Quality Elements and Related Features. 3.4 Quality Dimensions. 3.5 Combined Elements and Combined Features. 3.6 Listening and Conversational Features. 3.7 Desired Nature. 3.8 Open Questions. 3.9 From Elements to Features: Modeling VoIP Speech Quality. 3.10 Quality Elements and Quality Features of VoIP: Summary. 4 Time-Varying Distortion: Quality Features and Modeling. 4.1 Microscopic Loss Behavior. 4.2 Macroscopic Loss Behavior. 4.3 Interactivity. 4.4 Packet Loss and Combined Impairments. 4.5 Time-Varying Distortion: Summary. 5 Wideband Speech, Linear and Non Linear Distortion: Quality Features and Modeling. 5.1 Wideband Speech: Improvement Over Narrowband. 5.2 Bandpass-Filtered Speech. 5.3 Wideband Codecs. 5.4 Desired Nature. 6 From Elements to Features: Extensions of the E-model. 6.1 E-model: Packet Loss. 6.2 E-model: Additivity. 6.3 E-model: Wideband, Linear and Non-Linear Distortion. 7 Summary and Conclusions. 8 Outlook. A Aspects of a Parametric Description of Time-Varying Distortion. B Simulation of Quality Elements. C Frequency Responses. D Test Data Normalization and Transformation. E E-model Algorithm. F Interactive Short Conversation Test Scenarios (iSCTs). G Auditory Test Settings and Results. H Modeling Details. I Glossary. Bibliography. Index.