gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zomepirac sodium. A new nonaddicting analgesic (1981)

Zomepirac sodium (Zomax) is a new orally effective nonopioid analgesic that can relieve mild to severe pain. It is more effective than aspirin or codeine alone and is as effective as analgesic combinations containing codeine or other narcotics. Given orally, zomepirac has provided analgesia comparable with usual intramuscular doses of morphine in postoperative pain. With long-term use, neither tolerance to its analgesic effect nor psychic or physical dependence has been demonstrated. Like aspirin, zomepirac has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions and inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. Zomepirac is generally well tolerated with both short-term and long-term use; gastrointestinal reactions are the most frequently occurring side effects. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:377-379)
Conscientious Nondisclosure and the Savior Sibling Debate: Does Moral Justification for Nondisclosure Matter? (2011)

In cases in which a suitable donor cannot be found for a child in need of a stem cell transplant, parents of that sick child may have the option to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) and preimplantat...
Data-driven approach for automatic telephony threat analysis and campaign detection (2018)

The growth of the telephone network and the availability of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) have both contributed to the availability of a flexible and easy to use artifact for users, but also to a significant increase in cyber–criminal activity. These criminals use emergent technologies to conduct illegal and suspicious activities. For instance, they use VoIP's flexibility to abuse and scam victims. According to (F. I. F.. N. D. N. C. R. D. Book, Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2016/12/ftc-issues-fy-2016-national-do-not-call-registry-data-book, accessed on: 27 August 2017), US government revealed receiving more than 5.3 million telephony abuse complaints in 2016. Based on this report, more than 226 million phone numbers were registered on the Do Not Call Registry list as not to receive telemarketing calls. For instance, they use VoIP's flexibility to abuse and scam victims. A lot of interest has been expressed into the analysis and assessment of telephony cyber-threats. A better understanding of these types of abuse is required in order to detect, mitigate, and attribute these attacks. The purpose of this research work is to generate relevant and timely telephony abuse intelligence that can support the mitigation and/or the investigation of such activities. To achieve this objective, we present, in this paper, the design and implementation of a Telephony Abuse Intelligence Framework (TAINT) that automatically aggregates, analyzes and reports on telephony abuse activities. We deploy our framework on a large dataset of telephony complaints, spanning over seven years, to provide in-depth insights and intelligence about emerging telephony threats. The framework presented in this paper is of a paramount importance when it comes to the mitigation, the prevention and the attribution of telephony abuse incidents. We analyze the data and report on the complaint distribution, the used numbers and the spoofed callers' identifiers. In addition, we identify and geo-locate the sources of the phone calls, and further investigate the underlying telephony threats. Moreover, we quantify the similarity between reported phone numbers to unveil potential groups that are behind specific telephony abuse activities that are actually launched as telephony abuse campaigns.
Microwave-Assisted Growth and Characterization of Water-Dispersed CdTe/CdS Core−Shell Nanocrystals with High Photoluminescence (2006)

A novel microwave-assisted method of growth of high-quality CdTe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals in the aqueous phase is presented in this paper. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is greatly enhanced by epitaxial growth of the CdS shell. Under optimum conditions, the PLQY of as-prepared nanocrystals reaches as high as 75% without any post-treatment. Furthermore, these investigations demonstrate that microwave irradiation is tremendously useful for fast epitaxial growth of nanocrystals due to its special characteristics. As a result, the microwave synthesis is sufficiently time-economizing (only five minutes are required) to obtain optimum amounts of CdTe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals in comparison to the conventional illumination method (several days are required). Therefore, this current research not only provides a rapid microwave synthesis for producing highly fluorescent CdTe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals, but also it presents some advantages of the microwave synthesis in comparison to the illumination method.
What we can learn from sushi: a review on seaweed-bacterial associations (2012)

Many eukaryotes are closely associated with bacteria which enable them to expand their physiological capacities. Associations between algae (photosynthetic eukaryotes) and bacteria have been described for over a hundred years. A wide range of beneficial and detrimental interactions exists between macroalgae (seaweeds) and epi- and endosymbiotic bacteria that reside either on the surface or within the algal cells. While it has been shown that these chemically mediated interactions are based on the exchange of nutrients, minerals, and secondary metabolites, the diversity and specificity of macroalgal-bacterial relationships have not been thoroughly investigated. Some of these alliances have been found to be algal or bacterial species-specific, whereas others are widespread among different symbiotic partners. Reviewing 161 macroalgal-bacterial studies from the last 55 years, a definite bacterial core community, consisting of Gammaproteobacteria, CFB group, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria species, seems to exist which is specifically (functionally) adapted to an algal host-associated lifestyle. Because seaweed-bacterial associations are appealing from evolutionary and applied perspectives, future studies should integrate the aspects of diverse biological fields.
The effect of inhaling a dry powder of sodium chloride on the airways of asthmatic subjects (1997)

Wet aerosols of 4.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) are often used to assess the bronchial responsiveness associated with asthma. We questioned whether dry NaCl could be used as an alternative. Dry powder NaCl was inhaled from capsules containing either 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg to a cumulative dose of 635 mg. The powder was delivered via an Inhalator or Halermatic. The airway sensitivity to the dry and wet NaCl was compared in 24 patients with asthma aged 19-39 yrs. All subjects responded to both preparations and the geometric mean (95% confidence intervals) for the provocative dose of NaCl causing forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to fall 20% from baseline (PD[20,NaCl]) for dry NaCl was 103 mg (68-157) versus 172 mg (102-292), p<0.03 for the wet NaCl. The response to dry NaCl was reproducible and on repeat challenge the PD20 was 108 mg (75-153). The mean maximum fall in FEV1 was approximately 25% on each of the two test days. Spontaneous recovery occurred within 60 min after challenge with dry NaCl and within 5 min after bronchodilator. There were no serious side-effects requiring medical attention, however some patients coughed on inhalation of the 40 mg dose and three gagged. Arterial oxygen saturation remained within normal limits. We conclude that a suitably prepared dry powder of sodium chloride could potentially replace wet sodium chloride to assess bronchial responsiveness in patients with asthma, but further studies are required to establish the long-term stability of the dry powder preparation.
A new approach for distributed computing in avionics systems (2003)

Historically, a typical avionics system architecture has been designed as a federated architecture of black-boxes with well-defined functions and implemented on fully dedicated computers. The new Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture relies on an architecture more similar to conventional computers, where several general-purpose processors are connected through a bus and all the Inputs/Outputs (I/O) come from the I/O units (like Remote Interface Units, RIUs) through the bus to the processors. This architecture imposes a heavy traffic on data networks, which cannot be satisfied by traditional buses such as the MIL-STD-1553, but still requires determinism, which cannot be provided by general-purpose networks. In this paper, we describe the basics of IMA and the communication network designed for the new Airbus 380. The preliminary evaluation results show the feasibility of the IMA approach.
Wnt Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 as a Target for Passive Cancer Immunotherapy (2010)

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling that is overexpressed in most lung and esophageal cancers. Here, we show its utility as a serum biomarker for a wide range of human cancers, and we offer evidence favoring the potential application of anti-DKK1 antibodies for cancer treatment. Using an original ELISA system, high levels of DKK1 protein were found in serologic samples from 906 patients with cancers of the pancreas, stomach, liver, bile duct, breast, and cervix, which also showed elevated expression levels of DKK1. Additionally, anti-DKK1 antibody inhibited the invasive activity and the growth of cancer cells in vitro and suppressed the growth of engrafted tumors in vivo. Tumor tissues treated with anti-DKK1 displayed significant fibrotic changes and a decrease in viable cancer cells without apparent toxicity in mice. Our findings suggest DKK1 as a serum biomarker for screening against a variety of cancers, and anti-DKK1 antibodies as potential theranostic tools for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Corticosteroids mediate fast feedback of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via the mineralocorticoid receptor (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate fast corticosteroid feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under basal conditions, in particular the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Blood samples were collected every 5 min from conscious rats at the diurnal peak, using an automated blood sampling system, and assayed for corticosterone. Feedback inhibition by rapidly increasing concentrations of ligand was achieved with an intravenous bolus of exogenous corticosteroid. This resulted in a significant reduction in plasma corticosterone concentrations within 23 min of the aldosterone bolus and 28 min of methylprednisolone. Evaluation of the pulsatile secretion of corticosterone revealed that the secretory event in progress at the time of administration of exogenous steroid was unaffected, whereas the next secretory event was inhibited by both aldosterone and methylprednisolone. The inhibitory effect of aldosterone was limited in duration (1 secretory event only), whereas that of methylprednisolone persisted for 4-5 h. Intravenous administration of canrenoate (a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) also had rapid effects on the HPA axis, with an elevation of ACTH within 10 min and corticosterone within 20 min. The inhibitory effect of aldosterone was unaffected by pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486 but blocked by the canrenoate. These data imply an important role for the mineralocorticoid receptor in fast feedback of basal HPA activity and suggest that mineralocorticoids can dynamically regulate basal corticosterone concentrations during the diurnal peak, a time of day when there is already a high level of occupancy of the cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptor.
Immune functions of platelets (2014)

This review collects evidence about immune and inflammatory functions of platelets from a clinician's point of view. A focus on clinically relevant immune functions aims at stimulating further research, because the complexity of platelet immunity is incompletely understood and not yet translated into patient care. Platelets promote chronic inflammatory reactions (e.g. in atherosclerosis), modulate acute inflammatory disorders such as sepsis and other infections (participating in the host defense against pathogens), and contribute to exacerbations of autoimmune conditions (like asthma or arthritis). It would hence be obsolete to restrict a description of platelet functions to thrombosis and haemostasis--platelets clearly are the most abundant cells with immune functions in the circulation.
Membrane protein thiol cross-linking associated with the permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane by Ca2+ plus prooxidants. (1990)

In a previous report (Macedo, D.V., Ferraz, V. L., Pereira-da-Silva, L., and Vercesi, A. E. (1988) in Integration of Mitochondrial Functions (Lemasters, J. J., et al., eds) pp. 535-542, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York), we proposed that the alterations in the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability caused by Ca2+ plus prooxidants could be the consequence of membrane protein sulfhydryl-disulfide transitions. In this study, we show that Ca2+ plus diamide, a thiol oxidant, significantly decrease the ability of beef heart submitochondrial particles to build up and sustain a membrane potential generated by succinate oxidation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of solubilized membrane proteins indicates that these effects on the membrane potential are associated with the production of protein aggregates due to thiol cross-linking. Evidence is also presented that these protein aggregates can be produced in mitoplasts previously loaded with Ca2+ and that this is potentiated by the presence of either diamide or t-butylhydroperoxide. Furthermore, dithiothreitol, a disulfide reductant, was found to be much more effective than NAD(P)+ reductants in reversing Ca2+ efflux induced by prooxidants. It is concluded that the perturbation of the inner mitochondrial membrane caused by Ca2+ plus prooxidants is associated with protein polymerization due to thiol cross-linking, resulting in the production of high molecular mass protein aggregates.
Assessing contrast on MR images. (1997)

Magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequences are frequently judged by their ability to facilitate discrimination between pathologic and normal tissue. Objective analysis is usually based on signal intensity measurements. However, the literature shows disagreement as to how this analysis should be performed. The ability to visually differentiate two objects on the basis of signal intensity depends on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). This parameter, however, can be calculated only by measuring the intensity of photons reaching the eye from two distinct objects and, hence, is display dependent. The signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) is a display-independent parameter that reflects the contrast-generating ability of a pulse sequence. When comparing two imaging sequences, the SDNR is proportional to the CNR, assuming the images being compared are displayed so that corresponding regions have the same intensity (i.e., photon fluxes). Because the SDNR is display independent, it should be the preferred parameter for assessing the contrast-generating ability of a pulse sequence. The value and limitations of these parameters are discussed.
A Systematic Security Evaluation of Android's Multi-User Framework (2014)

Like many desktop operating systems in the 1990s, Android is now in the process of including support for multi-user scenarios. Because these scenarios introduce new threats to the system, we should have an understanding of how well the system design addresses them. Since the security implications of multi-user support are truly pervasive, we developed a systematic approach to studying the system and identifying problems. Unlike other approaches that focus on specific attacks or threat models, ours systematically identifies critical places where access controls are not present or do not properly identify the subject and object of a decision. Finding these places gives us insight into hypothetical attacks that could result, and allows us to design specific experiments to test our hypothesis. Following an overview of the new features and their implementation, we describe our methodology, present a partial list of our most interesting hypotheses, and describe the experiments we used to test them. Our findings indicate that the current system only partially addresses the new threats, leaving the door open to a number of significant vulnerabilities and privacy issues. Our findings span a spectrum of root causes, from simple oversights, all the way to major system design problems. We conclude that there is still a long way to go before the system can be used in anything more than the most casual of sharing environments.
High density and low power nonvolatile FeRAM with non-driven plate and selected driven bit-line scheme (2004)

We have successfully developed high density and low power embedded 1Mbit FeRAM. Low operating voltage of 1.5V with ferroelectric capacitor which operates at 0.75V was realized by using technology of (1) non-driven plate scheme with non-refresh operation and (2) selected driven bit-line scheme. The memory core size is reduced down to 53% and the power consumption is reduced to approximately one-fiftieth compared with those of the conventional scheme.
Direct Transcriptional Up-regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 Promotes Colorectal Tumor Cell Survival and Enhances HIF-1 Transcriptional Activity during Hypoxia (2006)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the inducible key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, is overexpressed in most colorectal carcinomas and a subset of colorectal adenomas. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical evidence indicates an important role for COX-2 in colorectal tumorigenesis. Although COX-2 can be induced by aberrant growth factor signaling and oncogene activation during colorectal tumorigenesis, the role of microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia in COX-2 regulation remains to be elucidated. For the first time, we report that under hypoxic conditions COX-2 protein levels increase in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells. Rigorous analyses reveal that COX-2 up-regulation is transcriptional and is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha induction. Oligonucleotide pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that HIF-1alpha binds a hypoxia-responsive element on the COX-2 promoter. COX-2 up-regulation during hypoxia is accompanied by increased levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which promote tumor cell survival under hypoxic conditions. In addition, elevated levels of PGE(2) in hypoxic colorectal tumor cells enhance vascular endothelial growth factor expression and HIF-1 transcriptional activity by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, showing a potential positive feedback loop that contributes to COX-2 up-regulation during hypoxia. This study identifies COX-2 as a direct target for HIF-1 in colorectal tumor cells. In addition, COX-2 up-regulation represents a pivotal cellular adaptive response to hypoxia with implication for colorectal tumor cell survival and angiogenesis. We propose that using modified COX-2-selective inhibitors, which are only activated under hypoxic conditions, could potentially be a novel more selective strategy for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.
Quantitation of Replication-Competent HIV-1 in Populations of Resting CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells (2014)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. However, HIV integrates into the genome of CD4(+) T cells, generating pools of long-lived cells that are reservoirs of latent HIV. Two main subsets of CD4(+) T cells, central memory and transitional memory cells, were reported to be major reservoirs of HIV infection. However, this study primarily measured the HIV DNA content, which also includes defective proviruses that would not be able to replicate and initiate new rounds of infection. By analyzing the replication-competent virus in both cell subsets, we showed that transitional memory cells may not be a durable reservoir in patients on successful ART.
EFFECT OF<i>WITHANIA SOMNIFERA</i>ON REPRODUCTION IN MICE (1965)

The effects of feeding Withania somnifera root on mating behaviour, litter size and fertility in mice have been studied. W. somnifera when fed in 25 mg doses to both male and female mouse, delayed the mating, decreased the litter size and even produced infertility.
Activation of Purified Prothrombin (1949)

SummaryPurified prothrombin can be activated by dissolving it in a 25 per cent solution of sodium citrate, but the yield of thrombin is usually low. By adding a small amount of 3-chloro-4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone to the activation mixture the yield of thrombin is increased to the maximum. Several other diphenyl sulfones also increase the yield. In contrast, 3, 4, 4'-triaminodiphenyl sulfone and 2-hydroxy-4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone act as inhibitors of the activation process.
DOMESTIC RELATIONS Parent and Child: Expand Scope of Grandparents' Visitation Rights (1988)

The Act amends the Code to give grandparents the right to file an original action for visitation rights to a minor grandchild and provides for visitation rights in the event that the minor child is adopted by blood relatives. The Act also defines the term grandparent.
<title>Rear projection screens for light-valve projection systems</title> (1997)

Rear projection screens of light valve systems will be significantly different from existing screens used in consumer CRT rear projection sets. Artifacts such as speckle and more stringent requirements for resolution will direct the development of light valve screens. In this paper, we will give a mathematical analysis of the origin of speckle and will describe systems that were developed to measure the speckle contrast and the resolution of the screen in the presence of speckle. We will describe new screen designs that reduce the speckle contrast to an acceptable level while maintaining specifications for gain and resolution.
On separating voiced-speech into its components (2002)

We present a new strategy and several algorithms to separate voiced-speech into its natural components. Each component is a generalized spectral line whose instantaneous frequency and amplitude continually evolves in time. The decomposition is achieved by a set of demodulators followed by an array of interconnected feed-forward/feed-back filters. Further analysis of the separated components shows that the instantaneous frequencies of some of them (especially those which are located close to a narrow formant) can significantly deviate from their harmonic location, for tens of milliseconds. The envelopes of some components also exhibit interesting amplitude modulations. We conjecture that the group-delay compensated feed-back filter (RISC) structure we propose is similar to the bandpass filters implemented in the mammalian cochlea.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rare pelvic floor hernias (1992)

The case of a 64-year-old female who presented with difficult evacuation of stool is reported. A posterior perineal hernia was diagnosed by dynamic proctography. The patient had an unusual herniation of the upper rectum through the perineal defect. At surgery, there was no peritoneal sac, since the herniation occurred extraperitoneally. The patient was treated with repair of the pelvic floor using Marlex mesh and rectopexy. Pelvic floor hernias are rare and often difficult to diagnose. The three types, in order of decreasing frequency, are obturator, perineal, and sciatic. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of each is discussed.