gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources for static VAr generation (1996)

A new multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources is proposed for high-voltage, high-power applications, such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAr generation (SVG), power-line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting, voltage balancing, fuel cell, and photovoltaic utility systems interfacing, etc. The new M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single-phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate DC source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle as the number of levels increases. It can solve the size-and-weight problems of conventional transformer-based multipulse inverters and the component-counts problems of multilevel diode-clamp and flying-capacitor inverters. To demonstrate the superiority of the new inverter, an SVG system using the new inverter topology is discussed through analysis, simulation, and experiment.
FDG–PET. A possible prognostic factor in head and neck cancer (2002)

Previous studies have shown that high uptake of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose in head and neck cancer, as determined by the standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography scan, was associated with poor survival. The aim of this study was to confirm the association and to establish whether a high standardized uptake value had prognostic significance. Seventy-three consecutive patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck underwent a positron emission tomography study before treatment. Age, gender, performance status tumour grade, stage, maximal tumour diameter and standardized uptake value were analyzed for their possible association with survival. The median standardized uptake value for all primary tumours was 7.16 (90% range 2.30 to 18.60). In univariate survival analysis the cumulative survival was decreased as the stage, tumour diameter and standardized uptake value increased. An standardized uptake value of 10 was taken as a cut-off for high and low uptake tumours. When these two groups were compared, an standardized uptake value >10 predicted for significantly worse outcome (P=0.003). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an standardized uptake value >10 provided prognostic information independent of the tumour stage and diameter (P=0.002). We conclude that high FDG uptake (standardized uptake value>10) on positron emission tomography is an important marker for poor outcome in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Standardized uptake value may be useful in distinguishing those tumours with a more aggressive biological nature and hence identifying patients that require intensive treatment protocols including hyperfractionated radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
Are Islamic Banks More Resilient during Financial Panics? (2015)

Rapid growth of Islamic banking in developing countries is accompanied with claims about its relative resilience to financial crises as compared to conventional banking. However, little empirical evidence is available to support such claims. Using data from Pakistan, where Islamic and conventional banks co-exist, we compare these banks during a financial panic. Our results show that Islamic bank branches are less prone to deposit withdrawals during financial panics, both unconditionally and after controlling for bank characteristics. The Islamic branches of banks that have both Islamic and conventional operations tend to attract (rather than lose) deposits during panics, which suggests a role for religious branding. We also find that Islamic bank branches grant more loans during financial panics and that their lending decisions are less sensitive to changes in deposits. Our findings suggest that greater financial inclusion of faith-based groups may enhance the stability of the banking system.
Design of membrane targeting tobramycin-based cationic amphiphiles with reduced hemolytic activity (2012)

Hemolysis caused by amphiphilic tobramycin antimicrobial agents is significantly reduced by altering the bond linking their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.
Intelligent Heart Disease Prediction System Using Canfis And Genetic Algorithm (2007)

Heart disease (HD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern society. Medical diagnosis is an important but complicated task that should be performed accurately and efficiently and its automation would be very useful. All doctors are unfortunately not equally skilled in every sub specialty and they are in many places a scarce resource. A system for automated medical diagnosis would enhance medical care and reduce costs. In this paper, a new approach based on coactive neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) was presented for prediction of heart disease. The proposed CANFIS model combined the neural network adaptive capabilities and the fuzzy logic qualitative approach which is then integrated with genetic algorithm to diagnose the presence of the disease. The performances of the CANFIS model were evaluated in terms of training performances and classification accuracies and the results showed that the proposed CANFIS model has great potential in predicting the heart disease.
Quasilinear reflection as a possible mechanism for suppressor-induced otoacoustic emission (2016)

A frequency-domain iterative approach is developed to compute the change in characteristic impedance in the cochlea due to the presence of a suppressor tone. Based on this approach, a small transient wave passing by the best place (BP) of the suppressor is predicted to be partially reflected because of the suppressor-induced impedance variation. This computational approach is tested on a nonlinear model of cochlear mechanics [Liu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136, 1788-1796 (2014)]. When a 9-kHz suppressor at 60 dB sound pressure level is delivered to the model, the characteristic impedance decreases by ∼20% near its BP. This localized impedance mismatch causes a forward-going wave at 4 kHz to reflect partially, and the magnitude of the reflected component is about -18 dB relative to the forward-going component near the stapes. The reflected components eventually emit from the cochlea to the ear canal, and the predicted amplitude of tone-burst evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) agrees well with time-domain simulation. The present results suggest that, while the "suppressor" is meant to suppress the OAEs in experiments, its very presence might create an otherwise non-existing emission component via nonlinear scattering when its frequency is higher than that of the probe.
Removing the blocking artifacts of block-based DCT compressed images (2003)

One of the major drawbacks of the block-based DCT compression methods is that they may result in visible artifacts at block boundaries due to coarse quantization of the coefficients. We propose an adaptive approach which performs blockiness reduction in both the DCT and spatial domains to reduce the block-to-block discontinuities. For smooth regions, our method takes advantage of the fact that the original pixel levels in the same block provide continuity and we use this property and the correlation between the neighboring blocks to reduce the discontinuity of the pixels across the boundaries. For texture and edge regions, we apply an edge-preserving smoothing filter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the blocking artifacts of still and video images as judged by both objective and subjective measures.
<i>Quarks, Leptons & Gauge Fields</i> (1984)

The main content of this book is an introduction to Yang-mills fields and the standard model of particle physics. A concise introduction to quarks is provided, with a discussion of the representations of SU(3). The standard model is presented in detail, including such topics as the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, chiral symmetry breaking and the omega-vacuum. Theoretical topics of a more general nature include path integrals, topological solitons, renormalization group, effective potentials, the axial anomaly and lattice gauge theory. This second edition has been expanded and includes Wilson's renormalization scheme, and its relation to perturbative renormalization; pitfalls in quantizing gauge fields, such as the Gribov ambiguity; the lattice as a consistent regularization; Monte Carlo methods of solution; and the issues, folklores and scenarios of quark confinement.
Translocation of a discrete piece of deoxyribonucleic acid carrying an amp gene between replicons in Eschericha coli (1976)

A number of well-characterized R plasmids (R1drd 19. K1.R100-1, R46, R55-1, R64-11, R388, and R751) will mobilize an integrated amp gene from the chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12. R391 will not act in this way. The process involves recombination, and in each case the mobilizing plasmid acquires an additional piece of deoxyribonucleic acid of molecular weight 4 X 10(6). Acquisition of this deoxyribonucleic acid may impair the transfer properties of the recombinant plasmid in some cases. The process will occur in a recA background.
On the use of TDNN-extracted features information in talker identification (1991)

The authors propose a novel model for text-independent talker identification which uses TDNN (time-delay neural network) extracted feature information. This model has been tested on 20 speakers (10 male and 10 female) from the TIMIT database using an LPC (linear predictive coding) parameterization. An average identification of 98% was observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Long-term Progesterone Treatment on the Timing of Puberty in Female Guinea Pigs. (1994)

Long-term effects of progesterone implants on the advancement of puberty were investigated in immature female guinea pigs. A subcutaneous implant of progesterone-filled tubing was given to immature females at 1 day of age and removed at 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 days of age. Continuous treatment with progesterone implants until 15 or 20 days of age significantly advanced the mean age at first vaginal opening (25.5 ± 0.6, n=6 and 28.3 ± 0.5 days of age, n=6, respectively) as compared with controls (35.3 ± 1.6 days of age, n=6). The mean age at first ovulation (29.8 ± 1.7 days, n=6) in females implanted until 15 days of age was also significantly earlier than controls (37.7 ± 1.9 days, n=7). Ovaries at 24 days of age taken from the animals treated with a progesterone implant until 15 days of age had a significantly higher number of preovulatory follicles as compared with controls. These results indicate that long-term treatment with progesterone during the early infant period induces precocious puberty in female guinea pigs.
HPLC and LC-MS Studies of the Transesterification Reaction of Methylparaben with Twelve 3- to 6-Carbon Sugar Alcohols and Propylene Glycol and the Isomerization of the Reaction Products by Acyl Migration (2002)

Sugar alcohols and parabens are commonly used ingredients in oral suspension formulations. However, their possible incompatibility because of transesterification reaction is a concern during formulation development. In order to gain more knowledge about the reaction, a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is developed to separate the transesterification reaction products of methylparaben preservative with twelve 3- to 6-carbon sugar alcohols and propylene glycol. It is found that the number of peaks separated or partially separated correlate well with the number of distinct hydroxyl groups present in the sugar alcohol molecules. This means that all the hydroxyl groups in a sugar alcohol molecule can react with methylparaben to form transesterification reaction products. These products are positional isomers that have identical UV spectra with a maximum at 255 nm and the same m/z ratio for molecular ions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. When isolated individually, they can isomerize (interconvert) under suitable conditions to form other positional isomers by intramolecular acyl migration. The acyl migration pathway for each of the isolated positional isomers from the transesterification reaction of methylparaben with sorbitol, ribitol, and xylitol is followed by HPLC. Based on the information, a tentative assignment of the six isomer peaks generated from the transesterification reaction between methylparaben and sorbitol is proposed.
Physical Properties of Magnetic 2-D Oxides Containing Cr<sup>3+</sup>, (SrCaR)<sub>2</sub>(Cr<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)O<sub>4</sub>, (R=La or Sm) (1978)

X-ray, magnetic and differential thermal analysis studies show that SrLaCrO 4 , ST 3/4 Ca 1/4 LaCrO 4 and SrSmCrO 4 isomorrhous to tetragonal K 2 NiF 4 are magnetically two-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets with Néel temperature T N of 242 K, 270 K and 306 K, respectively. The exchange constant of SrLaCrO 4 estimated from the paramagnetic susceptibility consists with that estimated from Stanley and Kaplan's formula for T N of a 2-D Heisenberg antiferromagnet with an accuracy of several percents. The exchange striction is observed to be negative along a -axis and positive along c -axis for the substances studied. The strain components e x x and e z z extrapolated to 0 K are -(6∼7)×10 -4 and +(4∼7)×10 -4 , respectively. These values are about one tenth of the calculated ones. The Néel temperatures in the diluted system SrLaCr x Ga 1- x O 4 are expressed as T N ( x )= T N (1)[1- d (1- x )] with d =3.6 in the composition range 0.825≤ x ≤1.
An endogenous inhibitor of calcium‐activated neutral protease in UMX 7.1 hamster dystrophy (1991)

An endogenous inhibitor for calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) from skeletal and cardiac muscles of muscular dystrophic hamsters (UMX 7.1) was compared with that from normal control animals at 4 and 10 weeks of age by Western blotting using antibody raised against CANP inhibitor. Fragmented CANP inhibitor was found in dystrophic skeletal muscles in all cases at both ages, while only intact inhibitor was detected in the skeletal muscle of the normal hamsters. A total absence of intact inhibitor was shown in one 10-week-old dystrophic hamster. In contrast, there was little difference in CANP inhibitor from heart between dystrophic and control hamsters at 4 weeks. However, fragmentation similar to that in skeletal muscle was seen in the heart inhibitor in a few of the 10-week-old dystrophic hamsters.
HYPERTEXT INTERCHANGE USING ICA (1995)

Interchange of text and hypertext between various systems is vital in order to reuse text and hypertext, but the task of generating translators between different representations is often complex and tedious. The Integrated Chameleon Architecture (ICA) is a public domain toolset for generating translators. However, ica can only handle context‐free grammars while the grammar of hypertext is not context‐free. This paper presents an extended ICA (E‐ICA) which is based on ICA with extra pre‐ and post‐processors to handle the context‐sensitive and implicit information of hypertext. A system called SGML‐MUCH has been developed using E‐ICA. The development and use of the SGML‐MUCH system is presented as a case study with converters for the hypertext systems MUCH, Guide, Hyperties, and Toolbook described in detail.
Analog PLL Design With Ring Oscillators at Low-Gigahertz Frequencies in Nanometer CMOS: Challenges and Solutions (2009)

This brief discusses the challenges and present techniques in designing analog phase-locked loops in nanometer CMOS. The primary challenges are the low supply voltage of 1 V or less, large gate leakage, and the high degree of process and temperature variability. The importance of tightening the free-running frequency of the oscillator in light of these challenges is highlighted first. Process and temperature compensation techniques for minimizing the variation of the free-running frequency of an oscillator are discussed. A rail-to-rail charge-pump with matched up/down currents and a capacitance multiplication technique for reducing the loop filter area are also discussed.
Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Bonds Guided by Alkoxyl Radicals (2018)

An alkoxyl radical guided strategy for site-selective functionalization of unactivated methylene and methine C-H bonds enabled by an Fe<sup>II</sup> -catalyzed redox process is described. The mild, expeditious, and modular protocol allows efficient remote aliphatic fluorination, chlorination, amination, and alkynylation of structurally and electronically varied primary, secondary, and tertiary hydroperoxides with excellent functional-group tolerance. The application for one-pot 1,4-hydroxyl functionalization of non-oxygenated alkane substrates initiated by aerobic C-H oxygenation is also demonstrated.
Family Factors and the Moral Development of Young Children (2003)

아동의 도덕성 발달이 가정환경적 요인과 사회적 요인들에 의하여 영향을 받는다는 것은 이미 여러 선행연구에 의해 밝혀진 바이다. 하지만 아동은 유아기 때부터 그들이 가지고 있는 정의와 공평에 대한 개념을 바탕으로 도덕적 판단, 즉 무엇이 옳고 그른지에 대한 결정을 함에도 불구하고, 대부분의 연구들은 편의상 초, 중, 고등학교 학생을 대상으로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 6, 7세 유아의 도덕성 발달이 어떤 가족요인들에 의해 영향을 받는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 여러 가족요인들 중에서 본 연구는 가정의 사회인구학적 변인, 어머니의 가치관과 종교, 그리고 가정환경의 질에 초점을 두었다. 6, 7세 아동과 어머니 41쌍이 조사 관찰되었다. 아동의 도덕성 발달은 Moral Development Scale Interview에 의해, 어머니의 가치관은 Schaefer and Edgerton Rank-Order of Parental Values에 의해, 가정환경의 질은 Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment(Preschool Version)에 의해 측정되었으며, 자료분석을 위해 correlation, t-test, multiple regression, path analysis 가 사용되었다. 이에 따른 본 연구의 결과는, 가정환경의 질이 유아의 도덕성 발달과 정적인 상관관계가 있음을 증명하였다. 즉, 어머니가 유아에게 지지적이고 자극적인 가정환경을 제공할수록 유아는 Moral Development Scale Interview에서 더 높은 점수를 받았다. 다중회귀분석에서도 가정환경의 질이 유아의 도덕성 발달을 예측하는 가장 영향력 있는 변인으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구를 통하여 어머니의 교육정도와 가정의 소득정도가 가정환경의 질을 예측하는 중요한 요인임이 확인되었다.
Side-Wall-Coupled, Strip-Transmission-Line Magnetically Tunable Filters Employing Ferrimagnetic YIG Resonators (1965)

This paper describes a new type of band-pass filter configuration for multiple-coupled-resonator magnetically tunable microwave filters. For two or more resonators, this configuration, which employs a coupling slot in the common side wall between two strip-transmission lines, results in the smallest possible air gap and, therefore, the least amount of leakage or fringing flux, and the smallest ampere-turns requirement on the bias magnet. Response curves including pass band insertion-loss, bandwidth, stop-band rejection, spurious response levels and bandwidths, VSWR, and the effect of temperature on these characteristics are presented for a two-resonator band-pass filter of the type employing YIG resonators and making use of a ferrite core electromagnet to obtain the bias field. Performance data are also given for an experimental side-wall-coupled three-resonator filter.
The Human Organization of Time: Temporal Realities and Experience (2003)

What is time then? asked St. Augustine some 1,600 years ago. It was a question he could not answer, and over the centuries that followed, it was one that few scholars dared to address. Yet there are answers to this question of the true nature of time, and this book discusses several of them as a means of approaching its central concern: that humanity creates a variety of times and these different times affect the experiences of life-as times vary, so does life. Not so much focusing on watches, clocks, and calendars (though these are covered), the author argues that time is a fundamental component of the technological development of humanity. The book addresses the relationships between time and life on three fundamental premises: (1) all times are not the same, (2) all times are social constructions, and (3) the times humanity creates direct the way humanity lives. The book addresses the major ways in which times differ (polychronicity, speed and punctuality, and orientation to past, present and future), how these differences are coordinated (entrainment), and how these differences affect human life, including such extreme effects that produce the best and worst of times. Building on these differences and the effects they produce, the author examines the possibility of humanity consciously creating more good times than bad. Throughout the analysis, a vital connection between time and life gradually emerges, namely, the impact of time on the meaning of life itself. Materials from several disciplines inform the discussions, notably theory and research from the social and behavioral sciences, in particular the organization sciences. The author uses historical examples extensively throughout the book, but also presents new results that derive from original data he has collected. The book will be valuable not only to those involved in the management and organization sciences, but also to sociologists and psychologists, who have largely avoided coming to terms with one of the central issues of human life-time.
Nonlinear equivalent circuits of acoustic devices (1993)

Abstract Mason's equivalent circuit is well known as a linear equivalent circuit for acoustic devices. By combining Mason's equivalent circuit with Smith's equivalent circuit of surface acoustic wave devices, it becomes a very effective tool for the physical interpretation of acoustic devices. If such equivalent circuit analysis can also be performed for the nonlinear problem, then comparatively simpler and accurate analysis can be obtained for almost all types of nonlinear problems. In this paper, equations are formulated to analyze the equivalent circuit of nonlinear‐type acoustic devices. At first, Mason's equivalent circuit is extended to the nonlinear region for the basic circuits of a thin bar of length‐extensional vibration and a broad plate of thickness‐extensional vibrations. Next, this equivalent circuit is used to analyze the thickness‐extensional vibration of Z ‐cut LiNbO 3 and second harmonic generation at the resonance point is clarified. Finally, these nonlinear equivalent circuits of length‐extensional vibration are applied to determine the nonlinear constants of PZT ceramics and the nonlinear constants of the equivalent circuit are clarified.
Network health monitoring system in the sleep (2004)

This paper describes a development of networked non-invasive health monitoring system using an improved microphone for bio sensing. This system can estimate the person's sleep stages by analyzing the measured heartbeats and body movements. Microcomputers for each system calculate assessed sleep stages, and the central apparatus gathers all systems' data by TCP/IP network.
Two-dimensional database of mouse liver proteins: Changes in hepatic protein levels following treatment with acetaminophen or its nontoxic regioisomer 3-acetamidophenol (2000)

Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes acute hepatotoxicity in rodents and man. The mechanism underlying APAP-induced liver injury remains unclear, but experimental evidence strongly suggests that activation of APAP and subsequent formation of protein adducts are involved in hepatotoxicity. Using proteomics technologies, we constructed a two-dimensional protein database for mouse liver, comprising 256 different gene products and investigated the proteins affected after APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male mice received a single dose of APAP (100 or 300 mg/kg) or its nontoxic regioisomer 3-acetamidophenol (AMAP, 300 mg/kg). The extent of liver damage was assessed 8 h after administration by increased liver enzyme release and histopathology. Changes in the protein level were studied by comparison of the intensities of the corresponding spots on two-dimensional (2-D) gels. The expression level of about 35 of the identified proteins was modified due to treatment with APAP or AMAP. The observed changes were usually in the order of 10-50% of the control value and were more marked in the high- than in the low-dose of APAP-treated animals. Most of the changes caused by AMAP occurred in a subset of the proteins modified by APAP. Many of the proteins showing changed expression levels are either known targets for covalent modification by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) or involved in the regulation of mechanisms that are believed to drive APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.