gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method Based on Lorenz Disturbance and Variational Mode Decomposition for Wind Speed Prediction (2019)

Wind power is one of the most promising means of power generation. But the time-varying of wind speed is the most fundamental problem for power generation control system. Therefore, accurate wind speed prediction becomes particularly important. However, traditional wind speed predictions often lack consideration of the influence of atmospheric dynamic system. And few papers have introduced VMD method into the field of wind speed prediction. Thus, combined with four neural networks, this paper develops a wind speed prediction method based on Lorenz system and VMD, obtains LD-VMD-Elman wind speed prediction model. Simulation results show that: 1) As for wind speed prediction, Elman neural network has higher prediction accuracy and smaller error. 2) The models which added Lorenz disturbance can describe the actual physical movement of wind more accurately. 3) VMD can abstract the changing rules of different wind speed frequencies to improve the prediction effect. This paper makes up for the lack of consideration of atmospheric dynamic system. The Lorenz equation is used to describe the atmospheric dynamic system, which provides a new thought for wind speed prediction. The LD-VMD-Elman model significantly improves the accuracy of wind speed prediction and contribute to the power dispatch planning.
Improving Recommender Systems by Incorporating Social Contextual Information (2011)

Due to their potential commercial value and the associated great research challenges, recommender systems have been extensively studied by both academia and industry recently. However, the data sparsity problem of the involved user-item matrix seriously affects the recommendation quality. Many existing approaches to recommender systems cannot easily deal with users who have made very few ratings. In view of the exponential growth of information generated by online users, social contextual information analysis is becoming important for many Web applications. In this article, we propose a factor analysis approach based on probabilistic matrix factorization to alleviate the data sparsity and poor prediction accuracy problems by incorporating social contextual information, such as social networks and social tags. The complexity analysis indicates that our approach can be applied to very large datasets since it scales linearly with the number of observations. Moreover, the experimental results show that our method performs much better than the state-of-the-art approaches, especially in the circumstance that users have made few ratings.
Multi-Frequency Multi-Power One-to-Many Wireless Power Transfer System (2019)

This paper proposes and implements a novel multi-frequency multi-power wireless power transfer (MFMP-WPT) system based on one single transmitter for simultaneously and compatibly energizing multi-standard receivers. Generally, implementing a multi-frequency WPT often requires a compromise in system complexity, control difficulty, switching frequency, or transmission efficiency. By using only a single transmitter with an artful inverter topology, the proposed MFMP-WPT system can effectively achieve multi-frequency multi-magnitude superposition and switching frequency reduction while maintaining the control fitness and convenience of square-wave generation with 50% duty cycle. Moreover, by switching at the fundamental frequency in a range of 80-130 kHz, the single transmitter becomes competent for one-to-many MFMP-WPT operation for diverse wireless power on-demands. Consequently, the fundamental and high-order harmonic wireless energies with multiple power levels can be, respectively, picked up by the multi-standard receivers, depending on their energy requirements. The experimental transmission and system efficiencies can reach 81.57% and 64.74% under MFMP-WPT, respectively. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed MFMP-WPT system.
Printable Nanoporous Silver Membranes (2010)

We present a facile, broadly applicable method to prepare nanoporous silver films using soluble salt nanoparticles as pore templates. The fabrication starts by printing a silver/CaCO3 nanoparticle based ink onto a flexible substrate and removing the CaCO3 by washing in a weak acid. The membrane thickness and pore size can easily be tuned between 0.5−5 μm and 30−300 nm, respectively, by a simple pH or temperature treatment (sintering at 200 °C). As a conceptual demonstration of the resulting large-area, defect-free, and homogeneous microstructure, we use these membranes to efficiently filter aqueous dispersions of carbon nanoparticles (20 nm primary particle size) at a filtration efficiency of >99.6%.
Crystal Structure of Human Arylsulfatase A:  The Aldehyde Function and the Metal Ion at the Active Site Suggest a Novel Mechanism for Sulfate Ester Hydrolysis<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Human lysosomal arylsulfatase A (ASA) is a prototype member of the sulfatase family. These enzymes require the posttranslational oxidation of the -CH2SH group of a conserved cysteine to an aldehyde, yielding a formylglycine. Without this modification sulfatases are catalytically inactive, as revealed by a lysosomal storage disorder known as multiple sulfatase deficiency. The 2.1 A resolution X-ray crystal structure shows an ASA homooctamer composed of a tetramer of dimers, (alpha 2)4. The alpha/beta fold of the monomer has significant structural analogy to another hydrolytic enzyme, the alkaline phosphatase, and superposition of these two structures shows that the active centers are located in largely identical positions. The functionally essential formylglycine is located in a positively charged pocket and acts as ligand to an octahedrally coordinated metal ion interpreted as Mg2+. The electron density at the formylglycine suggests the presence of a 2-fold disordered aldehyde group with the possible contribution of an aldehyde hydrate, -CH(OH)2, with gem-hydroxyl groups. In the proposed catalytic mechanism, the aldehyde accepts a water molecule to form a hydrate. One of the two hydroxyl groups hydrolyzes the substrate sulfate ester via a transesterification step, resulting in a covalent intermediate. The second hydroxyl serves to eliminate sulfate under inversion of configuration through C-O cleavage and reformation of the aldehyde. This study provides the structural basis for understanding a novel mechanism of ester hydrolysis and explains the functional importance of the unusually modified amino acid.
Integrated high voltage power supply utilizing burst mode control and its performance impact on dielectric electro active polymer actuators (2012)

Through resent years new high performing Dielectric Electro Active Polymers (DEAP) have emerged. To fully utilize the potential of DEAPs a driver with high voltage output is needed. In this paper a piezoelectric transformer based power supply for driving DEAP actuators is developed, utilizing a burst mode control technique. Controlling and driving a DEAP actuator between 250V to 2.5kV is demonstrated, where discrete like voltage change and voltage ripple is observed, which is introduced by the burst mode control. Measurements of the actuator strain-force reveal that the voltage ripples translates to small strain-force ripples. Nevertheless the driver demonstrates good capabilities of following an input reference signal, as well as having the size to fit inside a 110 mm x 32 mm cylindrical InLastor Push actuator, forming a “low voltage” DEAP actuator.
Studies in the Reaction of Formaldehyde with Unmodified, Modified, and Dyed Celluloses: Part III: The Reaction of Formaldehyde with Oxycelluloses (1963)

The reaction of formaldehyde with oxycelluloses obtained by the oxidation of cotton cellulose with four oxidizing agents is investigated. The rate and the extent of the reaction with these oxycelluloses before and after their treatment with chlorous acid and sodium borohydride have been studied to see the effect of oxidative modification of cellulose on its reaction with formaldehyde. It is observed that the rate and extent of reaction depend upon the nature and extent of oxidation, the change in the fine structure of cellulose during oxidation, the subsequent treatments, and the carboxyl content. A tentative mechanism for the inhibiting action of carboxyl groups present in the anhydroglucose units of the cellulosic material has been suggested.
XVII.—Inheritance of Resistance to Blight (<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>) in Potatoes: Inter-Relationships of Genes and Strains (1951)

Synopsis The common strain and six specialised strains of Phytophthora infestans have been employed in testing potato varieties and seedling progenies bred from the wild species S. demissum for resistance to the disease. Resistance, due to the hypersensitive condition of the protoplasm, is manifested in the presence of major genes, and four such genes have been identified, viz. R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 . Each gene induces in the plant a hypersensitive response to infection with the common strain and with a particular group of specialised strains of the parasite. The genes are inherited independently in simple Mendelian fashion, but in the segregations three different types of deviations from standard disomic ratios occur due to ( a ) unpaired chromosomes, ( b ) incompatibility factors, and ( c ) partial autosyndesis. A series of minor genes modify the phenotypic expression of the major gene system and so differentiate grades of hypersensitivity or of susceptibility as the case may be. The common strain of P. infestans appears to be a population persisting at an equilibrium determined by host range and environmental conditions. Mutations frequently occur, but new forms survive only when host genotypes, to which they are specially adapted, are available.
Molecular Matter-Wave Amplifier (2004)

We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground-state molecules which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasibound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasibound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside an optical cavity. The transition from the quasibound state to the electronically excited state is driven by a classical field. Amplification of ground state molecules is then achieved by using a strongly damped cavity mode for the transition from the electronically excited molecules to the molecular ground state.
High genetic similarity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus difficilis: S. difficilis Eldar et al. 1995 is a later synonym of S. agalactiae Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980) (2005)

The genetic relationship between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus difficilis was studied. S. difficilis was originally described as serologically non-typable but was later reported to be a group B, type Ib streptococcus. Upon comparative analysis of five gene sequences, it was found that S. agalactiae and S. difficilis are closely related. Sequence similarity values between these two species were 100.0 % for 16S rRNA, 99.6 % for gyrB, 98.6 % for sodA, 99.5 % for gyrA and 99.8 % for parC genes. These data strongly suggest that S. agalactiae and S. difficilis are synonyms. The biochemical characteristics of S. difficilis, which differ slightly from those of typical S. agalactiae, are similar to those of other group B, type Ib streptococci isolated from fish and frogs. Whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization values between the type strains of both species were greater than 78.6 %. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that S. difficilis is a later synonym of S. agalactiae.
Estimating corresponding locations in ipsilateral breast tomosynthesis views (2011)

To improve cancer detection in mammography, breast exams usually consist of two views per breast. To combine information from both views, radiologists and multiview computer-aided detection (CAD) systems need to match corresponding regions in the two views. In digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), finding corresponding regions in ipsilateral volumes may be a difficult and time-consuming task for radiologists, because many slices have to be inspected individually. In this study we developed a method to quickly estimate corresponding locations in ipsilateral tomosynthesis views by applying a mathematical transformation. First a compressed breast model is matched to the tomosynthesis view containing a point of interest. Then we decompress, rotate and compress again to estimate the location of the corresponding point in the ipsilateral view. In this study we use a simple elastically deformable sphere model to obtain an analytical solution for the transformation in a given DBT case. The model is matched to the volume by using automatic segmentation of the pectoral muscle, breast tissue and nipple. For validation we annotated 181 landmarks in both views and applied our method to each location. Results show a median 3D distance between the actual location and estimated location of 1.5 cm; a good starting point for a feature based local search method to link lesions for a multiview CAD system. Half of the estimated locations were at most 1 slice away from the actual location, making our method useful as a tool in mammographic workstations to interactively find corresponding locations in ipsilateral tomosynthesis views.
A Conserved Stem Loop Motif in the 5′Untranslated Region Regulates Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Translation (2010)

Transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. The human TGF-β(1) transcript is inherently poorly translated, and translational activation has been documented in relation to several stimuli. In this paper, we have sought to identify in cis regulatory elements within the TGF-β(1) 5'Untranslated Region (5'UTR). In silico analysis predicted formation of stable secondary structure in a G/C-rich element between nucleotides +77 to +106, and demonstrated that this element is highly conserved across species. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed the presence of secondary structure in this region. The proximal 5'UTR was inhibitory to translation in reporter gene experiments, and mutation of the secondary structure motif increased translational efficiency. Translational regulation of TGF-β(1) mRNA is linked to altered binding of YB-1 protein to its 5'UTR. Immunoprecipitation-RT-qPCR demonstrated a high basal association of YB-1 with TGF-β(1) mRNA. However, mutation of the secondary structure motif did not prevent interaction of YB-1 with the 5'UTR, suggesting that YB-1 binds to this region due to its G/C-rich composition, rather than a specific, sequence-dependent, binding site. These data identify a highly conserved element within the TGF-β(1) 5'UTR that forms stable secondary structure, and is responsible for the inherent low translation efficiency of this cytokine.
Calcitonin for Acute Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury is caused by complex neural mechanisms and is often refractory to standard therapy. Salmon calcitonin was an effective treatment for neuropathic symptoms in this case series of three patients with recent spinal cord injury. Salmon calcitonin is already used to help manage pain after limb amputation and also after vertebral fractures and it is perhaps surprising that it has not been trialled previously for spinal cord injury pain. Calcitonin is thought to exert its effect by modulation of the serotonergic system and is generally well tolerated and convenient to administer. This underutilised drug may be a very useful adjuvant for neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury.
State-Dependent Perceptual Learning (2013)

Learning constitutes a fundamental property of the human brain-yet an unresolved puzzle is the profound variability of the learning success between individuals. Here we highlight the relevance of individual ongoing brain states as sources of the learning variability in exposure-based somatosensory perceptual learning. Electroencephalogram recordings of ongoing rhythmic brain activity before and during learning revealed that prelearning parietal alpha oscillations as well as during-learning stimulus-induced contralateral central alpha changes are predictive for the learning outcome. These two distinct alpha rhythm sources predicted up to 64% of the observed learning variability, one source representing an idling state with posteroparietal focus and a potential link to the default mode network, the other representing the sensorimotor mu rhythm, whose desynchronization is indicative for the degree of engagement of sensorimotor neuronal populations during application of the learning stimuli. Unspecific effects due to global shifts of attention or vigilance do not explain our observations. Our study thus suggests a brain state-dependency of perceptual learning success in humans opening new avenues for supportive learning tools in the clinical and educational realms.
A CMOS power amplifier for Multi-mode LINC architecture (2010)

A CMOS power amplifier for Multi-mode LINC operation is implemented in 0.18-¿m process. The LINC architecture except signal separator was integrated and implemented with two-chip solution. LINC operation is used to increase the maximum linear output power in the saturation range of linear PAs. The designed PA operates at 1950 MHz with the maximum linear output power of 26 dBm with 20% PAE for WCDMA signal. The improvement of 2 dB linear output power and 8% efficiency at the maximum linear power can be obtained by using the multi-mode LINC operation.
A control-based approach to the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations (1997)

A different approach to the solution of a nonlinear set of algebraic equations is presented. It is basically a revision of the Newton iterative algorithm from a digital control point of view. The Newton algorithm is considered like a digital control algorithm that acts on a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. Its target is to find a value x* that satisfies the algebraic equation set. This value can be considered as a particular "input" of the equation set which gives a zero "output" while the iteration index can be considered as the clock of the digital system. From this point of view some correlations between the stability of digital systems and the Newton algorithm can be shown. This approach allows us to understand the reasons behind the convergence failure of some modified Newton algorithms such as source stepping, damping, and limiting that the literature often reports as heuristic.
Fluxionate Lewis acidity of the Zn2+ ion in carboxypeptidase A (1993)

Competitive inhibition constants Ki for a series of phenol-ring-substituted derivatives of alpha-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzenepropanoic acid have been ascertained by observing their influence on the catalytic hydrolysis of a peptide substrate by the zinc enzyme carboxypeptidase A. The pH-dependence of Ki shows that binding is maximal between two pKa values: one is that of the phenol group of the inhibitor, and the other uniformly has a value of 6, the pKa of a Zn(2+)-bound water molecule on the enzyme in the absence of substrate or inhibitor. This is the dependence expected if phenolate binds to the Zn2+ displacing its bound H2O/HO-. A log-log plot of the dissociation constants for the productive forms of inhibitor plus enzyme versus the acid dissociation constants of the phenolic residues in the inhibitors yields a straight line with a slope of +0.76. This number indicates that the active-site metal ion has special capacity for dispersing negative charge, such as builds up on the oxygen atom of a carboxamide group undergoing nucleophilic addition.
Adaptive fuzzy control of solder paste printing: the identification of deposit defects (2003)

This paper presents the use of fuzzy logic to implement feature extraction and defect classification of an adaptive fuzzy control algorithm for the control of the solder paste stencil printing stage of surface mount printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the capability of the algorithm.
Engineered Eglin c Variants Inhibit Yeast and Human Proprotein Processing Proteases, Kex2 and Furin (2000)

We engineered eglin c, a potent subtilisin inhibitor, to create inhibitors for enzymes of the Kex2/furin family of proprotein processing proteases. A structural gene was synthesized that encoded "R(1)-eglin", having Arg at P(1) in the reactive site loop in place of Leu(45). Ten additional variants were created by cassette mutagenesis of R(1)-eglin. These polypeptides were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and their interactions with secreted, soluble Kex2 and furin were examined. R(1)-eglin itself was a modest inhibitor of Kex2, with a K(a) of approximately 10(7) M(-)(1). Substituting Arg (in R(4)R(1)-eglin) or Met (in M(4)R(1)-eglin) for Pro(42) at P(4) created potent Kex2 inhibitors exhibiting K(a) values of approximately 10(9) M(-)(1). R(4)R(1)-eglin inhibited furin with a K(a) of 4.0 x 10(8) M(-)(1). Introduction of Lys at P(1), in place of Arg in R(4)R(1)-eglin reduced affinity only approximately 3-fold for Kex2 but 15-fold for furin. The stabilities of enzyme-inhibitor complexes were characterized by association and dissociation rate constants and visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. R(4)R(1)-eglin formed stable 1:1 complexes with both Kex2 and furin. However, substitution of Lys at P(2) in place of Thr(44) resulted in eglin variants that inhibited both Kex2 and furin but which were eventually cleaved (temporary inhibition). Surprisingly, R(6)R(4)R(1)-eglin, in which Arg was substituted for Gly(40) in R(4)R(1)-eglin, exhibited stable, high-affinity complex formation with Kex2 (K(a) of 3.5 x 10(9) M(-)(1)) but temporary inhibition of furin. This suggests that enzyme-specific interactions can alter the conformation of the reactive site loop, converting a permanent inhibitor into a substrate. Eglin variants offer possible avenues for affinity purification, crystallization, and regulation of proprotein processing proteases.
Estimation of defect-free IDDQ in submicron circuits using switch level simulation (2002)

This paper presents a switch-level simulation-based method for estimating quiescent current values. The simulator identifies transistors that are in the proper state to experience leakage mechanisms. This information is combined with data about both the size of these transistors and various process parameters in order to calculate the actual I/sub DDQ/ value. SPICE simulation results are presented on a variety of circuits to both calibrate the simulator, and to demonstrate state, time and sequence dependencies of circuits. Some preliminary results are also given for an actual production chip.
Secure Mobile Payments Based on Cloud Services: Concepts and Experiments (2016)

This paper presents an innovative and open concept for secure mobile payments, based on payment applications hosted in the cloud. It details an experimental Android platform, and NFC payment experiments performed with this platform. All the platform components rely on open technologies, i.e. available in commercial devices or specified by IETF drafts. On the mobile side security is enforced by a dedicated protocol (based on TLS), running in a secure element. This protocol manages the access to remote payment applications, running in secure elements, hosted in dedicated servers. This approach creates a new entity that collects meaningful and relevant data, dealing with user's purchases. It also increases the level of trust both for consumers and banks.