gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Destructive Cascade Mediated by CCL2 Facilitates Prostate Cancer Growth in Bone (2009)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) is a recently identified prominent regulator of prostate cancer growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role of CCL2 in prostate cancer growth in bone. The present study found that CCL2 was up-regulated in osteoblasts (3-fold by PC-3 and 2-fold by VCaP conditioned medium) and endothelial cells (2-fold by PC-3 and VCaP conditioned medium). Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) treatment of osteoblastic cells up-regulated CCL2 and was blocked by a PTHrP antagonist, suggesting that prostate cancer-derived PTHrP plays an important role in elevation of osteoblast-derived CCL2. CCL2 indirectly increased blood vessel formation in endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which was up-regulated 2-fold with administration of CCL2 in prostate cancer cells. In vivo, anti-CCL2 treatment suppressed tumor growth in bone. The decreased tumor burden was associated with decreased bone resorption (serum TRAP5b levels were decreased by 50-60% in anti-CCL2-treated animals from VCaP or PC-3 cell osseous lesions) and microvessel density was decreased by 70% in anti-CCL2-treated animals with bone lesions from VCaP cells. These data suggest that a destructive cascade is driven by tumor cell-derived, PTHrP-mediated induction of CCL2, which facilitates tumor growth via enhanced osteoclastic and endothelial cell activity in bone marrow. Taken together, CCL2 mediates the interaction between tumor-derived factors and host-derived chemokines acting in cooperation to promote skeletal metastasis.
The Formation of Elongated Iron and Iron-Cobalt Particles by Electrodeposition into Mercury (1961)

The preparation of 100–300Aå diameter highly elongated fibers of iron by electrodeposition into mercury is described. The mechanism of formation of these fibers is deduced from direct electron microscopic examination of the structures formed during electrolysis. The relations between the structure of these initial fibers, parameters of formation, and ultimate magnetic properties are discussed.
The Application of Microeconomics to the Design of Resource Allocation and Control Algorithms (1989)

In this thesis, we present a new methodology for resource sharing algorithms in distributed systems. We propose that a distributed computing system should be composed of a decentralized community of microeconomic agents. We show that this approach decreases complexity and can substantially improve performance. We compare the performance, generality and complexity of our algorithms with non-economic algorithms. To validate the usefulness of our approach, we present economies that solve three distinct resource management problems encountered in large, distributed systems.
Sensor Diagnosis of Process Plants by an Immune-Based Model (1994)

Several algorithms on the immune network information model, which can be applied to sensor fault diagnosis of process plants, is proposed, and they are evaluated by simulations. The sensor network can eliminate the information of abnormal sensors by mutual recognition.In cement processes, the reliabilities of sensors, on which the diagnostic system is based, are often far from perfection. The proposed sensor network can be used in such situation that the diagnosis of the diagnostic system itself becomes critical. The usefulness of the sensor network is confirmed by the simulation for the firing section of a cement plant.
Benzhydryl Esters of Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzhydryl Esters of Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis1Akintola A. Aboderin, Georges R. Delpierre, and Joseph S. FrutonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 23, 5469–5472Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00951a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00951a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Darstellung, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von (n-Bu<sub>4</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>[Pt(SCN)<sub>n</sub>(ox)], n = 2, 4, sowie Kristallstruktur von [(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>][Pt(SCN)<sub>4</sub>(ox)] / Synthesis, Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of (n-Bu<sub>4</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>[Pt(SCN)n(ox)], n = 2, 4, and Crystal Structure of [(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>][Pt(SCN)<sub>4</sub>(ox)] (2002)

On exposure of trans-(n-Bu 4 N) 2 [Pt(SCN) 2 (ox) 2 ] to photochemical reduction (n-Bu 4 N) 2 - [Pt(SCN) 2 (ox)] (1) is formed. Further treatment with (SCN) 2 yields (n-Bu 4 N) 2 - [Pt(SCN) 4 (ox)] (2). The X-ray structure determination on a single crystal was performed of [(C 5 H 5 N) 2 CH 2 ][Pt(SCN) 4 (ox)] (triclinic, space group P1̅, a = 9.823(1), b = 14.850(1), c = 15.799(1) Å , α= 74.304(9), β= 86.268(9), γ= 87.455(9)°, Z = 4). Based on the molecular parameters of the X-ray determination the IR and Raman spectra have been assigned by normal coordinate analysis. The valence force constants of the symmetric axis S-Pt-S and of the asymmetrically coordinated S'-Pt-O* axes are f d (PtS) = 1.71, f d (PtS') = 1.92 (1), f d (PtS') = 2.02 (2) and f d (PtO • ) = 2.45 (1) and 2.24 (2) mdyn/Å. Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved. The NMR shifts are δ( 195 Pt) = 1967.7 (1) and 2930.8 ppm (2)
Dysregulation of BMP9/BMPR2/SMAD signalling pathway contributes to pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension induced by bleomycin in rats (2020)

This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
Continuous-wave solid-state dye laser (2006)

We report the first realization of a cw solid-state dye laser. The laser medium consists of a laser dye (Rhodamine 6G) dissolved in a photopolymer. The UV-cured solution is sandwiched between two DVD substrates. The resonator design was derived from a conventional liquid solvent dye laser geometry. The laser radiation can be tuned from 565 to 615 nm by using a birefringent filter. A pump power of 2 W leads to a cw output power of more than 20 mW.
3-Alkoxyacroleins in Organic Synthesis (1987)

3-Alkoxyacroleins are reviewed as useful C3 building blocks for cyclizations and C-C bond connections. They open pathways to a variety of heterocyclic systems with up to fourteen-membered rings and permit oxopropenylations of carbon nucleophiles, resulting in other versatile intermediates such as α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1-alkoxy-1,3-dienes. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of 3-Alkoxyacroleins 3. Aminolysis of 3-Alkoxyacroleins and Reactions of 3-Aminoacroleins 4. Cyclizations of 3-Alkoxyacroleins with Heterocyclic Enamines 5. Cyclizations with Amidines 6. Cyclizations with Hydrazines 7. Cyclizations with Enediamines 8. Reductive Coupling of 3-Ethoxyacroleins (McMurry Reaction) 9. Reactions with Carbon Nucleophiles 10. Reactions with Ylides
A comparative anatomic and physiologic overview of the porcine heart. (2014)

Despite advances during the last 2 decades in every aspect of cardiovascular research (interventional cardiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and so forth), Western societies still are plagued by the consequences of cardiovascular disease. Consequently the discovery of new regimens and therapeutic interventions is of utmost importance. Research using human subjects is associated with substantial methodologic and ethical considerations, and the quest for an appropriate animal model for the human cardiovascular system has led to swine. The porcine heart bears a close resemblance to the human heart in terms of its coronary circulation and hemodynamic similarities and offers ease of implementation of methods and devices from human healthcare facilities. A thorough comprehension of the anatomy and physiology of the porcine cardiovascular system should focus on differences between swine and humans as well as similarities. Understanding these differences and similarities is essential to extrapolating data appropriately and to addressing the social demand for the ethical use of animals in biomedical research.
Myofibrillar protein synthesis following ingestion of soy protein isolate at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men (2012)

The relationship between protein intake and MPS is both dose and protein source-dependent, with isolated soy showing a reduced ability, as compared to isolated whey protein, to stimulate MPS under both rested and post-exercise conditions. These differences may relate to the lower postprandial leucinemia and greater rates of amino acid oxidation following ingestion of soy versus whey protein.
90 W continuous-wave diode edge-pumped microchip composite Yb:Y3Al5O12 laser (2003)

High-power continuous-wave (cw) operation of a diode edge-pumped microchip composite Yb:Y3Al5O12 (YAG) laser is reported. Up to 90 W were obtained from a 400-μm-thick Yb:YAG/YAG structure with a 10 at. % Yb:YAG square core of 2×2 mm2 area; the slope efficiency and optical-to-optical efficiency with respect to the pump power were 40% and 28%, respectively. Measurements of the optical phase distortions induced by pumping gives a focus shift bellow 0.05 m and shows the absence of astigmatic effects, indicating the axial heat flow in this pumping configuration.
Rotor Evaluation Regarding Runout (1998)

The latest development in screw compressor (helical lobed compressor) rotor profile design and rotor manufacturing machinery have prioritized basic rotor profile surface, lead and divide.However, one error that at frrst looks very basic but at the same time almost impossible to eliminate, is dealt with in this paper.The error is rotor runout.
The wheat <i>Mla</i> homologue <i>TmMla1</i> exhibits an evolutionarily conserved function against powdery mildew in both wheat and barley (2010)

The race-specific barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance gene Mla occurs as an allelic series and encodes CC-NB-LRR type resistance proteins. Inter-generic allele mining resulted in the isolation and characterisation of an Mla homologue from diploid wheat, designated TmMla1, which shares 78% identity with barley HvMLA1 at the protein level. TmMla1 was found to be a functional resistance gene against Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat, hereby providing an example of R gene orthologs controlling the same disease in two different species. TmMLA1 exhibits race-specific resistance activity and its N-terminal coiled-coil domain interacts with the barley transcription factor HvWRKY1. Interestingly, TmMLA1 was not functional in barley transient assays. Replacement of the TmMLA1 LRR domain with that of HvMLA1 revealed that this fusion protein conferred resistance against B. graminis f. sp. hordei isolate K1 in barley. Thus, TmMLA1 not only confers resistance in wheat but possibly also in barley against an as yet unknown barley powdery mildew race. The conservation of functional R gene orthologs over at least 12 million years is surprising given the observed rapid breakdown of Mla-based resistance against barley mildew in agricultural ecosystems. This suggests a high stability of Mla resistance in the natural environment before domestication.
Synthesis of Deoxyalloxazines (Benzopteridines)<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Deoxyalloxazines (Benzopteridines)1Thomas J. Bardos, Donald B. Olsen, and Takashi EnkojiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 17, 4704–4708Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01574a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01574a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An evaluation of an automatically generated compiler (1995)

Compilers or language translators can be generated using a variety of formal specification techniques. Whether generation is worthwhile depends on the effort required to specify the translation task and the quality of the generated compiler. A systematic comparison was conducted between a hand-coded translator for the Icon programming language and one generated by the Eli compiler construction system. A direct comparison could be made since the generated program performs the same translation as the hand-coded program. The results of the comparison show that efficient compilers can be generated from specifications that are much smaller and more problem oriented than the equivalent source code. We also found that further work must be done to reduce the dynamic memory usage of the generated compilers.
Inhibitory effect of the reversal agents V-104, GF120918 and Pluronic L61 on MDR1 Pgp-, MRP1- and MRP2-mediated transport (2000)

The human multidrug transporter MDR1 P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 transport a range of cytotoxic drugs, resulting in multidrug resistance in tumour cells. To overcome this form of drug resistance in patients, several inhibitors (reversal agents) of these transporters have been isolated. Using polarized cell lines stably expressing human MDR1, MRP1 or MRP2cDNA, and 2008 ovarian carcinoma cells stably expressing MRP1 cDNA, we have investigated in this study the specificity of the reversal agents V-104 (a pipecolinate derivative), GF120918 (an acridone carboxamide derivative also known as GG918), and Pluronic L61 (a (poly)oxypropethylene and (poly)oxypropylene block copolymer). Transport experiments with cytotoxic drugs with polarized cell lines indicate that all three compounds efficiently inhibit MDR1 Pgp. Furthermore, V-104 partially inhibits daunorubicin transport by MRP1 but not vinblastine transport by MRP2. V-104 reverses etoposide resistance of 2008/MRP1 cells, whereas GF120918 does not reverse resistance due to MRP1. V-104 partially inhibits the export of the organic anion dinitrophenyl S-glutathione by MDCKII-MRP1 but not by MDCKII-MRP2 cells. Unexpectedly, export of the organic anion calcein by MDCKII-MRP1 and MDCKII-MRP2 cells is stimulated by Pluronic L61, probably because it relieves the block on entry of calcein AM into the cell by endogenous MDR1 Pgp.
Involvement of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex in the Modulation of Dopaminergic Activity: Role in Atypical Antipsychotic Action (2005)

Atypical antipsychotics increase dopamine (DA) release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an effect possibly involved in the superior effects of atypical versus classical antipsychotics on cognitive/negative symptoms. We examined the role of 5-HT1A receptors in the mPFC on the modulation of dopaminergic activity and the mesocortical DA release in vivo. The highly selective 5-HT1A agonist BAY x 3702 (BAY; 10-40 microg/kg, i.v.) increased the firing rate and burst firing of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and DA release in the VTA and mPFC. The increase in DA release in both areas was potentiated by nomifensine coperfusion. The selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 reversed the effects of BAY in both areas, and the changes in the VTA were prevented by frontocortical transection. The application of BAY in rat and mouse mPFC by reverse dialysis increased local extracellular DA at a low concentration (3 microM) and reduced it at a higher concentration (30 microM). Both effects disappeared in 5-HT1A knock-out mice. In the presence of bicuculline, BAY reduced DA release at all concentrations. The atypical antipsychotics clozapine, olanzapine, and ziprasidone (but not haloperidol) enhanced DA release in the mPFC of wild-type but not 5-HT1A knock-out mice after systemic and local (clozapine and olanzapine) administration in the mPFC. Likewise, bicuculline coperfusion prevented the elevation of DA release produced by local clozapine or olanzapine application. These results suggest that the activation of mPFC 5-HT1A receptors enhances the activity of VTA DA neurons and mesocortical DA release. This mechanism may be involved in the elevation of extracellular DA produced by atypical antipsychotics.
Cement strain measurement surrounding loose and well‐fixed femoral component stems (1983)

Strain measurement within the cement surrounding stemmed total hip femoral components was accomplished using PMMA encapsulated and embedded strain gauges. Cement strain measurement associated with a well-bonded stem-cement interface and an unbonded stem-cement interface (i.e., loose prosthesis) was performed. The presence of a stem-cement bond was found to reduce proximal cement strain magnitudes while having little effect on distal cement strain magnitudes. The assurance of a stem-cement bond on only the proximal third of the interface was found to have an effect similar to that of a complete stem-cement bond. The results of this experimental investigation confirm the theoretical prediction that the stem-cement bond is important in maintaining the integrity of the cement mantle surrounding a stemmed femoral component.
Root Plasma Membrane Transporters Controlling K+/Na+ Homeostasis in Salt-Stressed Barley (2007)

Plant salinity tolerance is a polygenic trait with contributions from genetic, developmental, and physiological interactions, in addition to interactions between the plant and its environment. In this study, we show that in salt-tolerant genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare), multiple mechanisms are well combined to withstand saline conditions. These mechanisms include: (1) better control of membrane voltage so retaining a more negative membrane potential; (2) intrinsically higher H(+) pump activity; (3) better ability of root cells to pump Na(+) from the cytosol to the external medium; and (4) higher sensitivity to supplemental Ca(2+). At the same time, no significant difference was found between contrasting cultivars in their unidirectional (22)Na(+) influx or in the density and voltage dependence of depolarization-activated outward-rectifying K(+) channels. Overall, our results are consistent with the idea of the cytosolic K(+)-to-Na(+) ratio being a key determinant of plant salinity tolerance, and suggest multiple pathways of controlling that important feature in salt-tolerant plants.
A Literature Study of Embeddings on Source Code (2019)

Natural language processing has improved tremendously after the success of word embedding techniques such as word2vec. Recently, the same idea has been applied on source code with encouraging results. In this survey, we aim to collect and discuss the usage of word embedding techniques on programs and source code. The articles in this survey have been collected by asking authors of related work and with an extensive search on Google Scholar. Each article is categorized into five categories: 1. embedding of tokens 2. embedding of functions or methods 3. embedding of sequences or sets of method calls 4. embedding of binary code 5. other embeddings. We also provide links to experimental data and show some remarkable visualization of code embeddings. In summary, word embedding has been successfully applied on different granularities of source code. With access to countless open-source repositories, we see a great potential of applying other data-driven natural language processing techniques on source code in the future.
Strength Evaluation for Bonding or Contacting Edge Using Stress Singularity Parameters and It's Development for General Fields (2002)

The stress and displacement fields near the bonding edge, sharp notch, and contact edge show singularity behaviors, so methods of evaluating the strength of these points using maximum stresses calculated by a numerical stress analysis, such as the finite element method, are generally not valid. We have previously presented a new method of evaluating the strength of these singular points using two stress singularity parameters H and λ. The difficulty with this method was in obtaining the critical value of the intensity of the stress singularity parameter Hc for each order of stress singularity λ. We therefore present in this paper methods of formularizing Hc by λ based on typical strength parameters such as the fatigue limit σ_<w0> and the threshold stress intensity factor range ΔK_<th>. These critical value Hc (λ) agreed well with the experimental results. Using these easily obtained formularized critical value Hc (λ), we can estimate the fretting fatigue crack initiation criteria for each contact edge angle, and thus optimize the contact edge geometry. Finally, we discuss the development of these strength criteria in terms of stress singularity fields for general stress concentration fields.