gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle simulation of plasmas: review and advances (2005)

Particle simulation of plasmas, employed since the 1960s, provides a self-consistent, fully kinetic representation of general plasmas. Early incarnations looked for fundamental plasma effects in one-dimensional systems with ∼102–103 particles in periodic electrostatic systems on computers with ≲100 kB memory. Recent advances model boundary conditions, such as external circuits to wave launchers, collisions and effects of particle–surface impact, all in fully relativistic three-dimensional electromagnetic systems using ∼106–1010 particles on massively parallel computers. While particle codes still enjoy prominance in a number of basic physics areas, they are now often used for engineering devices as well.
Multiple-model based sensor fault diagnosis using hybrid kalman filter approach for nonlinear gas turbine engines (2013)

In this paper, an efficient sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) strategy is proposed based on multiple-model (MM) approach. The scheme is composed of hybrid kalman filters (HKF) by integrating a nonlinear gas turbine engine model that represents the operational engine model with a number of piecewise linear (PWL) models to estimate sensor outputs. The proposed FDI scheme is capable of detecting and isolating permanent sensor bias faults during the entire operational regime of the engine by interpolating the PWL models using a Bayesian approach. Another important aspect of our proposed FDI strategy is its effectiveness within the engine life cycle by periodically updating the model to the degraded health parameters, that one estimated by means of an off-line trend monitoring system that is based on post flight data. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed online sensor fault diagnosis scheme as well as the robustness of our technique with respect to the engine health parameters degradations.
High Performance Datacenter Networks: Architectures, Algorithms, & Opportunities (2011)

Datacenter networks provide the communication substrate for large parallel computer systems that form the ecosystem for high performance computing (HPC) systems and modern Internet applications. The design of new datacenter networks is motivated by an array of applications ranging from communication intensive climatology, complex material simulations and molecular dynamics to such Internet applications as Web search, language translation, collaborative Internet applications, streaming video and voice-over-IP. For both Supercomputing and Cloud Computing the network enables distributed applications to communicate and interoperate in an orchestrated and efficient way. This book describes the design and engineering tradeoffs of datacenter networks. It describes interconnection networks from topology and network architecture to routing algorithms, and presents opportunities for taking advantage of the emerging technology trends that are influencing router microarchitecture. With the emergence of many-core processor chips, it is evident that we will also need many-port routing chips to provide a bandwidth-rich network to avoid the performance limiting effects of Amdahl's Law. We provide an overview of conventional topologies and their routing algorithms and show how technology, signaling rates and cost-effective optics are motivating new network topologies that scale up to millions of hosts. The book also provides detailed case studies of two high performance parallel computer systems and their networks. Table of Contents: Introduction / Background / Topology Basics / High-Radix Topologies / Routing / Scalable Switch Microarchitecture / System Packaging / Case Studies / Closing Remarks
<title>Wave-front integration from difference data</title> (1993)

Recently, measurements with slope sensitive optical tests, such as shearing interferometry, Shack-Hartmann test, or Ronchi test, have become of great interest. The primary outcome of these measurements are the slope or difference data of the wavefront under test. Therefore, a numerical reconstruction procedure is necessary to integrate these difference data in order to obtain the desired wavefront map. This paper describes a numerically efficient reconstruction technique for orthogonal difference data as they are obtained, e.g., in lateral shearing interferometers. The reconstruction process consists of two steps. The integration is carried out as a filtering operation in the spatial frequency domain. Since it requires two full rectangular arrays of valid x- and y-difference data, an additional step is necessary to accommodate for general pupil shapes, e.g., circular pupil with central obscuration. This additional step consists of synthetically generating difference data at the previously invalid data points. The reconstruction is unbiased and has a very slow error propagation, i.e., the variance of the noise on the reconstructed wavefronts is approximately equal to the variance of the difference noise.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Smad1 Conferred by Its Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Export Signals (2001)

Smad1 mediates signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the resting state, Smad1 is found in both the nucleus and cytosol. BMP addition triggers Smad1 serine phosphorylation, binding of Smad4, and its accumulation in the nucleus. Mutations in the Smad1 N-terminal basic nuclear localization signal (NLS)-like motif, conserved among all Smad proteins, eliminated its ligand-induced nuclear translocation without affecting its other functions, including DNA binding and complex formation with Smad4. Addition of leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export, induced rapid nuclear accumulation of Smad1, whereas overexpression of CRM1, the receptor for nuclear export, resulted in Smad1 re-localization to the cytoplasm and inhibition of BMP-induced nuclear accumulation. Thus, in addition to the NLS, Smad1 also contains a functional nuclear export signal (NES). We identified a leucine-rich NES motif in the C terminus of Smad1; its disruption led to constitutive Smad1 nuclear distribution. Reporter gene activation assays demonstrated that both the NLS and NES are required for optimal transcriptional activation by Smad1. Despite its constitutive nuclear accumulation, a Smad1 NES mutant did not display higher basal reporter gene activity. We conclude that Smad1 is under constant nucleocytoplasmic shuttling conferred by its NLS and NES; nuclear accumulation after ligand-induced phosphorylation represents a change in the balance of the activities of these opposing signals and is essential for transcriptional activation.
Ultrasonic Fatigue of E319 Cast Aluminum Alloy in The Long Lifetime Regime. (2007)

The fatigue behavior of an E319 cast aluminum alloy used in the production of automotive cylinder heads, was studied by using both ultrasonic and conventional fatigue techniques in order to understand the potential effect of frequency on fatigue behavior of cast aluminum alloys. The effect of frequency, environment and temperature on S-N behavior, fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior of E319 cast aluminum alloy was investigated. It was observed that, at room temperature, in the lifetime regime of less than 107 cycles, fatigue lives at 20 kHz are approximately five to ten times longer than fatigue lives at 75 Hz; while at 107 cycles, the effect of frequency is substantially reduced. At elevated temperature (150 and 250oC), however, the difference in fatigue lives between 20 kHz and 75 Hz persists over the entire range of stress examined. The effect of frequency on fatigue resistance is attributable to an environmental effect on fatigue crack growth rate at all temperatures. For E319 cast aluminum alloy, fatigue crack growth rates increase with increasing water exposure, P/f, which can be estimated by a modified superposition model. Fatigue resistance decreased with increasing temperature and the temperature dependence of fatigue strength at 108 cycles follows closely the temperature dependence of yield and tensile strength. The effect of temperature on fatigue resistance primarily results from the intrinsic effect of temperature on Young’s modulus and yield strength. The environmental contribution to fatigue crack growth rates modestly decreases with increasing temperature. At room temperature, an endurance limit is demonstrated in the lifetime regime beyond 107 cycles and the fatigue strength at 108 cycles was investigated using the ultrasonic fatigue technique. The fatigue strength is correlated with both size and location of the initiating pores through a threshold stress intensity factor for fatigue crack growth. A probabilistic model was developed to establish the relationship between the casting porosity population and the fatigue strength of the alloy. Based on this model, the influence of mean pore size, standard deviation and number density of the porosity population, and the specimen volume and shape on the fatigue strength was described.
Novel coumarins as potential anticarcinogenic agents (1991)

The potential anticarcinogenic properties of several novel coumarin derivatives whose structures are based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in the multistage model of mouse skin tumorigenesis. The test compounds were evaluated for their affinity to bind competitively with rat cytosolic Ah-receptor in rat hepatic cytosol, their effects on mouse epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) after topical application, and for their effects on the levels of hydrocarbon-DNA adducts formed in vivo. All compounds showed good correlations between cytosolic Ah-receptor binding and their ability to induce epidermal AHH activity. Among the derivatives evaluated the coumarin (8-methyl-9H-10-oxabenzo[a]pyren-9-one) exhibited the highest affinity for the Ah-receptor and was also the most potent inducer of epidermal AHH activity. This compound also effectively inhibited the covalent binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to epidermal DNA when given either 5 min or 24 h prior to application of [3H]DMBA. This novel coumarin derivative significantly inhibited skin tumor initiation by DMBA in SENCAR mice when given at a dose of 200 nmol, 5 min (69% inhibition) or 24 h (76% inhibition) prior to initiation. The results of these studies suggest that this class of compounds shows considerable promise for future development as potential inhibitors of PAH-mediated tumor initiation on mouse skin. Potential mechanism(s) for the anti-initiating action of these compounds are discussed.
The transition to superconductivity (1956)

Abstract Magnetic and electrical measurements have been made of the effect of impurity on the transitions to superconductivity in tin. Reproducible results were obtained only with well-annealed monocrystalline specimens. Solution of up to 6 % indium in pure tin decreases the electronic mean free path l from about 3 x 10&lt;super&gt;-3&lt;/super&gt; to 3 x 10&lt;super&gt;- 6 &lt;/super&gt;cm, and over this range magnetic measurements show that there is only a small depression of the transition temperature Tc and a small alteration in the critical field curve of Hc and T. Electrical measurements show that if l / &gt; lc, where lc; — 8 x 10&lt;super&gt;-6&lt;/super&gt; cm, the resistance transitions are sharp and almost concurrent with the magnetic transitions. However, if l&lt;lc superconducting nucleation apparently occurs, since a state of partial superconductivity exists with zero resistance, but no exclusion of magnetic induction, in fields greater than Hc but less than H'c, where it has been found that at any one temperature HJH'C — This relation describes in broad outline the dependence of H'c on l and temperature, although the interpretation of the results is complicated by considerable broadening of the resistance transitions and the appearance of a sensitive non-linear dependence on the measuring current of the temperature of nucleation. These complicating effects may wholly or partly be due to inhomogeneities in indium concentration. The concept of a range of coherence g of the superconducting phase is used in formulating the thermodynamic conditions for the formation in a magnetic field of superconducting nuclei with cylindrical and spherical symmetry. It is shown that the main features of superconducting nucleation in homogeneous tin-indium alloys can be accounted for if g-2 A 0l where t= T/Tc T(i and A0 is the penetration depth at 0°K. The implication that g greatly exceeds / just below is supported by a consideration of the sharpness of resistance transition and the shape of the critical field curve near Tc. The formula for g resembles that given in Pippard’s phenomenological theory of superconductivity (1953).
Poly[<i>N</i>‐(10‐oxo‐2‐vinylanthracen‐9(10<i>H</i>)‐ylidene)cyanamide] as a novel cathode material for li‐organic batteries (2015)

ABSTRACT Redox‐active polymers draw significant attention as active material in secondary batteries during the last decade. A new anthraquinone‐based redox‐active monomer was designed, which electrochemical behavior was tailored by mono‐modification of one keto group. The monomer exhibits two one‐electron redox reactions and has a low molar mass, resulting in a high theoretical capacity of 207 mAh/g. The polymerization of the monomer was optimized by variation of solvent and initiator. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior was studied using cyclic voltammetry and the polymer was used as active material in a composite electrode in lithium organic batteries. The polymer reveals a cell potential of 2.3 V and a promising capacity of 137 mAh/g. During the first 100 cycles, the capacity drops to 85% of the initial value. The influence of the charging speed on the charging/discharging properties of the batteries was further investigated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 2517–2523
Characterization of an EUV Schwarzschild objective using phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry (1997)

We report wavefront measurement of a multilayer-coated, reflective optical system at 13.4-nm wavelength performed using a novel phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer. Successful interferometric measurements of a 10x Schwarzschild objective designed for extreme ultraviolet projection lithography with 0.1-micrometer resolution demonstrate high- precision with sub-nanometer resolution. The goal of the interferometry is to achieve wavefront measurement accuracy beyond lambda/50 rms at EUV wavelengths. Preliminary measurements are discussed and the paths toward achieving the target accuracy are identified.
Effect of Mg<sup>2+</sup> co‐doping on the scintillation performance of LuAG:Ce ceramics (2013)

Abstract Ce‐doped Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 optical ceramics co‐doped with Mg 2+ are fabricated by solid‐state reaction method and further optimized by an air‐annealing process. Mg 2+ co‐doping leads to a significant decrease of thermoluminescence intensity above room temperature and an increase of scintillation light yield (LY) value and fast component content even if the overall scintillation efficiency decreases. Scintillation LY of ∼21900 ph/MeV has been achieved with a short shaping time of 1 μs, and the ratio of LY values for 1 μs and 10 μs shaping times was as high as 79%. The acceleration of scintillation response induced by Mg 2+ co‐doping and the role of Ce 4+ ions in the scintillation mechanism are discussed. magnified image (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Paraffinic Fuel Properties on Diesel Particulate Emission (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Extraction Of Surface Parameters From Depth Maps Viewing Planes And Quadrics Of Revolution (1987)

This paper presents a first step in the definition and construction of a vision system to recognize three-dimensional objects whose surface are composed of planar patches and patches of quadrics of revolution. A large portion of man-made objects can be either modeled exactly, or at least well approximated by a number of patches of such surfaces. The problems addressed in this paper are three-dimensional surface recognition and parameter extraction from noisy depth maps viewing one surface. The basis for the surface recognition and parameter estimation is the curvature information that can be extracted from polynomial approximations to the range data. The curvature properties are derived directly from the Weingarten map, a well-known concept from classical differential geometry. The actual process of recognition and parameter extraction is framed as a set of stacked parameter space transforms that compute measures of confidence in an iterative refinement, or multi-level relaxation, scheme. This scheme resulted from experiments with connectionist visual recognition systems. The measure of confidence associates a measure with a hypothesis that a parameterization (corresponding to a surface) actually exists in the scene.
Current use and timing of spinal surgery for management of acute spinal cord injury in North America: results of a retrospective multicenter study (1999)

These data indicate that although surgery is commonly performed in patients with acute SCI, one third of cases are managed nonoperatively, and there is very little agreement on the optimum timing of surgical treatment. The results of this study confirm the need for a randomized controlled trial to assess the optimum timing of decompressive surgery in SCI.
Hearing Aid Troubleshooting Based on Patients' Descriptions (2003)

Clinical audiologists were surveyed to determine the terms that their patients use to describe their reaction to hearing aid fitting problems. From this survey, a vocabulary of 40 frequently reported terms was developed. A second survey of hearing aid fitting experts was conducted to determine their methods of troubleshooting a hearing aid fitting when the patient reports one of the frequently reported terms. There was a high degree of agreement among the 24 experts. Principal components analysis resulted in ten components that explained 90.8% of the variance in the experts' responses. These results can be applied as an expert system for fine-tuning hearing aid fittings.
The near-ultra-violet absorption spectra of some heterocyclic compounds. Part I. Benzoxazoles (1954)

R. Passerini, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2256 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002256
The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and the Rheumatoid Factor in the Serum of Diabetic Patients (2009)

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between two most common diseases in Iraqis patients , which are Diabetic mellitus (DM) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA); seeking rheumatoid factor in hyperglycemic sera. The results revealed that ; 62.5% of hyperglycemic (HG) patients had positive rheumatoid factor (RF) . No difference in number between both gender of HG patients (20 males and 20 females ) , RF reaction was nearly similar in males and females of HG patients ( 12 &13 respectively ) . Only 40% out of patient controls had positive RF . None of the apparently healthy subjects had positive RF .
Dynamic power allocation and routing for satellite and wireless networks with time varying channels (2003)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2004.
<i>anti</i>-Diastereo- and Enantioselective Carbonyl Crotylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level Employing a Cyclometallated Iridium Catalyst: α-Methyl Allyl Acetate as a Surrogate to Preformed Crotylmetal Reagents (2009)

Under the conditions of transfer hydrogenation employing an ortho-cyclometallated iridium catalyst generated in situ from [Ir(cod)Cl](2), 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoic acid and the chiral phosphine ligand (S)-SEGPHOS, alpha-methyl allyl acetate couples to alcohols 1a-1j with complete levels of branched regioselectivity to furnish products of carbonyl crotylation 3a-3j, which are formed with good levels of anti-diastereoselectivity and exceptional levels of enantioselectivity. An identical set of optically enriched carbonyl crotylation products 3a-3j is accessible from the corresponding aldehydes 2a-2j under the same conditions, but employing isopropanol as the terminal reductant. Experiments aimed at probing the origins of stereoselection establish a matched mode of ionization for the (R)-acetate and the iridium catalyst modified by (S)-SEGPHOS, as well as reversible ionization of the allylic acetate with rapid pi-facial interconversion of the resulting pi-crotyl intermediate in advance of C-C bond formation. Additionally, rapid alcohol-aldehyde redox equilibration in advance of carbonyl addition is demonstrated. Thus, anti-diastereo- and enantioselective carbonyl crotylation from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level is achieved in the absence of any stoichiometric metallic reagents or stoichiometric metallic byproducts.
New laser texturing process of magnetic disks for stiction reduction (1996)

Microscopic bumps of heights being tens of nm can be produced on a smooth nickel-phosphorus disk substrate using Q-switched laser pulses from a diode-pumped laser. This technique is being used in the manufacture of high-end disk drives where tens of thousands of such bumps are produced to form a dedicated landing-zone racetrack for the magnetic head to land and takeoff without stiction.
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems (2001)

From the Publisher:
The authoritative guide to the state of the art in ad wireless networking.

Reflects the field's latest breakthroughs
Covers media access, routing, service discovery, multicasting, power conservation, transport protocol, and much more
Includes a complete narration of prototype implementation with communication performance results from practical field trials
Introduces key applications for home, business, auto, and defense


Ad hoc wireless networks eliminate the complexities of infrastructure setup and administration, enabling devices to create and join networks on the fly-anywhere, anytime, for virtually any application. The field is rapidly coming of age, reflecting powerful advances in protocols, systems, and real-world implementation experience. In Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, one of the field's leading researchers brings together these advances in a single consolidated and comprehensive archive. C.K. Toh covers all this, and more: 

Key challenges: device heterogeneity, diverse traffic profiles, mobility, and power conservation
Routing protocols for ad networks, including Associativity Based Routing (ABR) and other IETF MANET protocols
Real-world implementation issues-including a complete prototype implementation 
Ad wireless network performance: results obtained from the latest field trials
Leading approaches to service discovery 
Addressing TCP over an ad wireless network environment
Support for multicast communications 
The role of Bluetooth and WAP


Ad Hoc Mobile Wirelessapplication scenarios ranging from home and car to office and battlefield. C.K. Toh also introduces several of the field's leading projects, from Motorola's PIANO platform to UC Berkeley's Smart Dust. Whether you're a researcher, scientist, implementer, consultant, technical manager, CTO, or student, you won't find a more authoritative and comprehensive guide to the new state of the art in ad networking.