gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On The Yielding of Soils (1958)

Synopsis Hvorslev's equation for the shear strength of clay is shown to define a surface in a space of three variables σ′, e and τ. The progressive yielding of a sample defines a loading path in this space, and the paths taken by samples in differing tests can be correlated if a boundary energy correction is applied. The final portions of all paths then lie in a unique surface, and the paths end at a unique critical voids ratio line. At the critical voids ratio state unlimited deformation can take place while σ′, e and τ remain constant. The two concepts of the existence of such a surface and such a critical voids ratio line are verified by an analysis of results of triaxial tests on a clay. Similar tests on silt and sand also confirm the concepts, although some inaccuracy is inherent in these tests. Finally results of tests on granular media in a simple shear apparatus are presented which confirm closely the applicability of both concepts to the yielding of granular media. On montre que l'équation de Hvorslev sur la force de cisaillement de l'argile détermine une surface dans un espace à trois variables, σ′, e et τ. Le tassement progressif d'un échantillon détermine un parcours de charge dans cet espace, et on peut établir une corrélation entre les parcours pris par les échantillons dans des essais différents sil'on applique une correction de l'énergie limite. Les parties finales de tous les parcours se trouvent alors dans une surface unique, et les parcours se terminent à une ligne critique unique des indices de vide. A l'état critique des indices de vide il peut se produire une déformation illimitée tandis que σ′, e et τ restent constants. Les deux conceptions de l'existence d'une telle surface et d'une telle ligne critique des indices de vide sont vérifiées par une analyse des résultats d'essais triaxiaux d'une argile. Des essais similaires sur du limon et du sable confirment aussi les conceptions, quoique quelque inexactitude soit inhérente à ces essais. Finalement, on présente des résultats d'essais effectués sur des milieux granulaires dans un appareil de cisaillement simple qui confirment exactement l'applicabilité des deux conceptions au tassement des milieux granulaires.
Augmentation of phagocytosis by a specific fibronectin fragment that links particulate activators to the fibronectin adherence receptor of human monocytes. (1982)

Intact human plasma fibronectin of 44,000 m.w. and a fibronectin fragment of 180,000 m.w. promote dose-dependent adherence of gelatin-coated particles to human monocytes without phagocytosis. Both of these proteins, however, augment monocyte ingestion of gelatin-coated targets that are particulate activators of the alternative complement pathway or of nonactivators bearing IgG. Unlike intact fibronectin, the 180,000 m.w. fragment also binds directly to particulate activators that lack gelatin to augment their phagocytosis by human monocytes. Prior attachment to monocytes of gelatin-coated sheep erythrocytes bearing increasing concentrations of intact fibronectin decreases in a dose-dependent fashion the capacity of these monocytes to engage in augmented phagocytosis of particulate activators opsonized with the 180,000 m.w. fibronectin. Occupation of the monocyte fibronectin receptors with particle-bound, intact fibronectin does not decrease monocyte phagocytosis of plain particulate activators or of IgG-coated particles. Thus, the 180,000 m.w. fibronectin fragment both directly opsonizes particulate activators and interacts with monocyte fibronectin receptors to promote particle adherence, thereby enhancing phagocytosis through a concerted action with the distinct receptors for particulate activators.
Effects of Stevioside and Steviol on Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Hamsters. (1995)

The effects of stevioside and steviol (a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of stevioside) on intestinal glucose absorption were examined in the hamster jejunum in vitro. By using the jejunal rings technique, we found that stevioside at a high dose of 5 mM had no inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. In contrast, glucose absorption was inhibited 43% by 1 mM steviol. The inhibition of glucose absorption by steviol was related to steviol concentration and incubation time. The inhibitory effect of steviol compared to phlorizin and ouabain was also investigated. Steviol, which caused a decrease in glucose accumulation in the intestinal ring tissues, possibly acts on the brush border membrane as does phlorizin. Furthermore, it was also found that steviol altered the morphology of the intestinal absorptive cells. These results suggest that the possible site of inhibitory action of steviol might be on the mucosal side and/or at the intracellular organelles of intestinal absorptive cells.
A Case of Iatrogenic Subclavian Artery Injury Successfully Treated with Endovascular Procedures (2011)

We report a case of a life-threatening massive hemothorax caused by iatrogenic injury of the right subclavian artery. The patient was successfully treated with placement of a covered stent. During the procedure, occlusion balloon catheters rapidly controlled the massive bleeding.
Design and VLSI implementation of a novel concurrent 16-bit multiplier-accumulator for DSP applications (1993)

The authors propose an efficient carry-save algorithm based on the Baugh-Wooley transformation technique and map it onto a novel concurrent multiplier-accumulator (CMAC) architecture that can be configured on-the-fly for selecting multiply alone or multiply-add/subtract computations involving unsigned/signed 2's complement/mixed-mode data formats. The proposed CMAC does not require the use of a separate adder module, thereby achieving a reduction of 50% in the computation time along with 20% savings in the area when compared with the conventional MACs. The CMAC, while maintaining functional as well as near total pin compatibility with the industry standard MACs, such as the ADSP1010 and TDC 1010 series, provides additional features of mixed-mode data format, saturation arithmetic logic, and on-chip test logic for the measurement of the critical path delay. A 16*16 CMAC based on carry-save and carry look-ahead techniques is designed and was extensively simulated with a cycle time of 80 ms using 1 mu m CMOS gate array technology rules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antifreeze glycoproteins from Antarctic fish. Inactivation by borate. (1976)

Antifreeze glycoprotein, which has previously been shown to be inactive in the presence of borate, migrates electrophoretically as the borate complex, presumably through formation of borate complexes with hydroxyl groups on the sugar side chains. Antifreeze glycoprotein (5 mg/ml) has been found to be completely active in the presence of 0.1 M borate at pH 7, but inactive at pH 9. A titration curve of pH versus the antifreeze activity of glycoprotein (5 mg/ml) in 0.1 M borate showed a progressive decrease in antifreeze activity as the pH was increased. Concomitant with decreases in activity were increases in binding of borate. At pH 9.0, nearly 2 mol of borate were complexed per glycotripeptide. Ultracentrifuge analyses showed similar molecular weights and laser quasi-elastic light scattering showed similar diffusions at pH 7.0 and 9.0 in borate and in the absence of borate. The binding of borate, rather than a change in conformation, is thus directly related to the loss of antifreeze activity. Alkaline borate also decreased hemagglutinating activity of Osage orange lectin and decreased the inhibition of the activity by the antifreeze glycoproteins.
The United States and Latin America (1961)

Journal Article The United States and Latin America Get access Frank Tannenbaum Frank Tannenbaum Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 76, Issue 2, June 1961, Pages 161–180, https://doi.org/10.2307/2146216 Published: 15 June 1961
Polysialic acid: Biosynthesis, novel functions and applications (2014)

As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling, polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance, promotes cancer metastasis, tissue regeneration and repair, and is implicated in psychiatric diseases. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and functions of mammalian polySia, and the use of polySia in therapeutic applications. PolySia modifies a small subset of mammalian glycoproteins, with the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, serving as its major carrier. Studies show that mammalian polysialyltransferases employ a unique recognition mechanism to limit the addition of polySia to a select group of proteins. PolySia has long been considered an anti-adhesive molecule, and its impact on cell adhesion and signaling attributed directly to this property. However, recent studies have shown that polySia specifically binds neurotrophins, growth factors, and neurotransmitters and that this binding depends on chain length. This work highlights the importance of considering polySia quality and quantity, and not simply its presence or absence, as its various roles are explored. The capsular polySia of neuroinvasive bacteria allows these organisms to evade the host immune response. While this "stealth" characteristic has made meningitis vaccine development difficult, it has also made polySia a worthy replacement for polyetheylene glycol in the generation of therapeutic proteins with low immunogenicity and improved circulating half-lives. Bacterial polysialyltransferases are more promiscuous than the protein-specific mammalian enzymes, and new studies suggest that these enzymes have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially for strategies aimed at neural regeneration and tissue repair.
A cross-layer load-independent link cost metric for wireless mesh networks (2007)

We present Cross-layer Unicast Transmission Time (X-UTT), a MAC-aware load-independent link cost metric for 802.11-based wireless mesh networks. X-UTT utilizes information acquired from a network-layer unicast probing system and a MAC-layer monitoring system. It is designed to capture the wireless link capacity and be independent of the load induced by self-interference and cross-interference in a mesh network. We present experiments that validate these two properties on our mesh network testbed. These properties can be further exploited in the design of stable path metrics and routing protocols for wireless mesh networks.
Association between Lupus Psychosis and Antiribosomal P Protein Antibodies (1987)

In 18 of 20 patients with psychosis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins were detected by immunoblotting and measured with a new radioimmunoassay using a synthetic peptide as antigen. The frequency of anti-P was not increased in patients with other central nervous system manifestations of SLE (3 of 20, by radioimmunoassay), in patients with transient behavioral abnormalities due to SLE (none of 8), in patients with psychosis who did not have SLE (none of 13), or in normal controls (none of 20). In four of five paired serum samples, anti-P-peptide antibody levels increased 5-fold to 30-fold during the active phase of lupus psychosis. Longitudinal studies of anti-P activity in two patients with psychosis revealed that anti-P levels increased before and during the active phases of psychosis but not during sepsis or other exacerbations of SLE, and that the elevations were selective for anti-P antibodies, as opposed to anti-DNA antibodies. Longitudinal studies of anti-P activity in two patients with anti-P but without psychosis showed less than threefold changes in anti-P levels despite exacerbations of disease. We conclude that anti-P is associated with lupus psychosis and that synthetic peptide antigens may be useful for the detection and measurement of autoantibodies to intracellular proteins.
tRna Identity (1989)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Characterization of Methacrylated Type-I Collagen as a Dynamic, Photoactive Hydrogel (2012)

Type-I collagen is an attractive scaffold material for tissue engineering due to its ability to self-assemble into a fibrillar hydrogel, its innate support of tissue cells through bioactive adhesion sites, and its biodegradability. However, a lack of control of material properties has hampered its utility as a scaffold. We have modified collagen via the addition of methacrylate groups to create collagen methacrylamide (CMA) using a synthesis reaction that allows retention of fundamental characteristics of native collagen, including spontaneous fibrillar self-assembly and enzymatic biodegradability. This method allows for a rapid, five-fold increase in storage modulus upon irradiation with 365 nm light. Fibrillar diameter of CMA was not significantly different from native collagen. Collagenolytic degradability of uncrosslinked CMA was minimally reduced, while photocrosslinked CMA was significantly more resistant to degradation. Live/Dead staining demonstrated that a large majority (71%) of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells remained viable 24 h after photocrosslinking, which further increased to 81% after 72 h. This material represents a novel platform for creating mechanically heterogeneous environments.
Therapeutic Targeting of MMP-12 for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disorder characterized by progressive airflow obstruction associated with inflammation and emphysema, and it is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Recent studies with genetically engineered mice reported that during pulmonary inflammation, basophil-derived interleukin-4 can act on lung-infiltrating monocytes causing aberrant expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12). MMP-12 activity in turn causes the destruction of alveolar walls leading to emphysema, making it potentially a valid target for pharmacological intervention. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and structure-based optimizations, the current study reports on the optimized novel, potent, and selective MMP-12 inhibitors with single-digit nanomolar affinity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy. Using a murine model of elastase-induced emphysema we demonstrated that the most potent agents exhibited a significant decrease in emphysema-like pathology compared to vehicle-treated mice, thus suggesting that the reported agents may potentially be translated into novel therapeutics for the treatment of COPD.
Biocompatible gold nanoparticles (2004)

Thiolalkylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands have been designed and synthesised for use in the manufacturing of stable water soluble gold MPCs. In addition to ongoing work on the synthesis of size and shape selective aq. (aqueous) gold nanoparticles, the effect of avidin gold nanoparticle (AGNP) ratio on biotinylated peptide gold nanoparticles (BPGNP) has also been investigated.
Using Performance Reference Compounds in Polyethylene Passive Samplers to Deduce Sediment Porewater Concentrations for Numerous Target Chemicals (2009)

Polymeric passive samplers are useful for assessing hydrophobic organic chemical contamination in sediment beds. Here, an improved method is described for measuring concentrations of contaminants in porewater by using performance reference compounds (deuterated phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene) to calibrate sampler/site-specific mass transfer behavior. The method employs a one-dimensional diffusion model of chemical exchange between a polymer sheet of finite thickness and an unmixed sediment bed. The model is parametrized by diffusivities and partition coefficients for both the sampler and sediment. This method was applied to estimate porewater concentrations for seventeen PAHs from polymeric samplers deployed for 3-10 days in homogenized sediment from a coal-tar contaminated site. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the passive sampler results to concentrations measured through liquid-liquid extraction of physically separated porewaters, with corrections for sorption to colloidal organic carbon. The measurements made using the two methods matched within about a factor of 2.0 (+/-0.9) for the 17 target PAHs.
ClusPro: a fully automated algorithm for protein-protein docking (2004)

ClusPro (http://nrc.bu.edu/cluster) represents the first fully automated, web-based program for the computational docking of protein structures. Users may upload the coordinate files of two protein structures through ClusPro's web interface, or enter the PDB codes of the respective structures, which ClusPro will then download from the PDB server (http:// www.rcsb.org/pdb/). The docking algorithms evaluate billions of putative complexes, retaining a preset number with favorable surface complementarities. A filtering method is then applied to this set of structures, selecting those with good electrostatic and desolvation free energies for further clustering. The program output is a short list of putative complexes ranked according to their clustering properties, which is automatically sent back to the user via email.
<i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>glycines</i> Soybean Cultivar Virulence Specificity Is Determined by <i>avrBs3</i> Homolog <i>avrXg1</i> (2009)

Three races of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines were identified on pustule disease resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars based on virulence phenotype. For race 3, an avrBs3 homolog, avrXg1 was identified that conferred resistance expressed as a hypersensitive response on resistant cultivar Williams 82. Mutations in two predicted functional domains of avrXg1 resulted in gained virulence on Williams 82 and an increase in bacterial population number on susceptible cultivars. Expression of avrXg1 in race 1, that is predicted to confer a nonspecific HR, led to virulence on susceptible cultivars Spencer and PI 520733. Expression of avrXg1 in race 2, that is predicted of carrying avrBs3-like genes, resulted in gained virulence and fitness of pathogen on both resistant and susceptible cultivars. The results demonstrate multifunctions for avrXg1 dependent on pathogen and plant genetic backgrounds.
The influence of intestinal processing on the immunogenicity and molecular size of absorbed, circulating ovalbumin in mice. (1986)

The presence of a tolerogen in mouse serum within 1 hr of antigen feeding prompted further study. Therefore, serum from mice fed with ovalbumin (OVA) was subjected to various immunochemical and biological tests. The appearance of tolerogen in serum was concomitant with the presence of OVA detected by a specific ELISA. Absorption of tolerogenic serum with anti-OVA antibody coupled to Sepharose beads effectively removed the tolerogenic moiety from the serum and confirmed that not only was tolerogenicity associated with the presence of antigen, but that binding sites for antibody were intact on this tolerogenic form of OVA. Finally, serum fractions from antigen-fed mice were assayed for total protein content, ELISA-detectable OVA and in vivo effect on systemic immunity. The only serum fraction in which immunoreactive OVA was detected contained proteins close to the molecular weight of native OVA and induced significant immune suppression in recipients. Serum fractions lacking immunoreactive OVA were not significantly tolerogenic in vivo. These experiments confirm that when OVA is absorbed across the gut mucosa it is subtly altered into a tolerogenic form. The recognition of gut-processed OVA by T-suppressor cells is discussed.
Thionation of carbonyl compounds using phosphorus pentasulfide and hexamethyldisiloxane under microwave irradiations (2004)

A novel and convenient microwave assisted thionation of carbonyl compounds using phosphorus pentasulfide and hexamethyldisiloxane is described. Thionation by this method gave the desired product in higher yield and shorter reaction time as compared to conventional methods.
Fermented Antrodia cinnamomea Extract Protects Rat PC12 Cells from Serum Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis: The Role of the MAPK Family<sup>†</sup> (2008)

Antrodia cinnamomea (formerly A. camphorata) has recently and commercially been used in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods in Taiwan. Because of its diverse properties, the neuroprotective effect was investigated using a fermented A. cinnamomea extract in this study. Serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in neuronal-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was used as a cell stress model, and it was found that A. cinnamomea was effective in preventing serum-deprived apoptosis according to results of an MTT assay and Hoechst staining. Serum deprivation resulted in decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and increased phosphorylations of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); however, A. cinnamomea reversed these phenomena, supporting the antagonistic effects between ERK and JNK-p38 in regulating cell survival. The previously identified active component of A. cinnamomea, adenosine (ADO), also exerted the same effects as A. cinnamomea in preventing apoptosis and regulating phosphorylations of MAPKs. Although an inhibitor of the ERK upstream activator blocked A. cinnamomea-induced ERK phosphorylations, it failed to block the protection of A. cinnamomea and ADO. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor blocked the protection by both A. cinnamomea and ADO. Both JNK and p38 inhibitors were effective in preventing the phosphorylations of JNK and p38 and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Collectively, A. cinnamomea prevented serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell apoptosis through a PKA-dependent pathway and by suppression of JNK and p38 activities.
Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Transport II. Metabolic acidosis stimulates Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent phosphate absorption and expression of the Na<sup>+</sup>-P<sub>i</sub> cotransporter NaPi-IIb in small intestine (2005)

During metabolic acidosis, P(i) serves as an important buffer to remove protons from the body. P(i) is released from bone together with carbonate buffering protons in blood. In addition, in the kidney, the fractional excretion of phosphate is increased allowing for the excretion of more acid equivalents in urine. The role of intestinal P(i) absorption in providing P(i) to buffer protons and compensating for loss from bone during metabolic acidosis has not been clarified yet. Inducing metabolic acidosis (NH(4)Cl in drinking water) for 2 or 7 days in mice increased urinary fractional P(i) excretion twofold, whereas serum P(i) levels were not altered. Na(+)-dependent P(i) transport in the small intestine, however, was stimulated from 1.89 +/- 3.22 to 40.72 +/- 11.98 pmol/mg protein (2 days of NH(4)Cl) in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from total small intestine. Similarly, the protein abundance of the Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb in the brush-border membrane was increased 5.3-fold, whereas mRNA levels remained stable. According to immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR NaPi-IIb expression was found to be mainly confined to the ileum in the small intestine, and this distribution was not altered during metabolic acidosis. These results suggest that the stimulation of intestinal P(i) absorption during metabolic acidosis may contribute to the buffering of acid equivalents by providing phosphate and may also help to prevent excessive liberation of phosphate from bone.