gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the manganese efflux system <i>mntE</i> for signalling and pathogenesis in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2009)

The ability of bacteria to sense and respond to both environmental and intracellular metal concentrations plays an important role in pathogenesis. The acquisition of manganese is vital for the virulence of several bacterial species. Although manganese uptake systems have been well studied in bacteria, no manganese efflux system has yet been identified. In this study we have identified a cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein (Sp1552) of unknown substrate specificity that functions as a manganese export system in Streptococcus pneumoniae. We designated the gene for this manganese efflux system mntE and found that the mutant strain was highly sensitive to manganese stress. Although the mutant was more resistant to oxidative stress and produced more H(2)O(2) and pili, it had reduced virulence in a murine model of infection, indicating that manganese export plays a role in host pathogenesis. There was a distinct differential transcriptional response to extracellular and intracellular manganese accumulation. Our study indicates that manganese efflux is required for invasive disease and may provide a useful antimicrobial target to devise future therapeutics.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>upregulates FGF23 gene expression in bone: the final link in a renal-gastrointestinal-skeletal axis that controls phosphate transport (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 is a phosphaturic hormone that decreases circulating 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] and elicits hypophosphatemia, both of which contribute to rickets/osteomalacia. It has been shown recently that serum FGF23 increases after treatment with renal 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) hormone, suggesting that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) negatively feedback controls its levels by inducing FGF23. To establish the tissue of origin and the molecular mechanism by which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) increases circulating FGF23, we administered 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to C57BL/6 mice. Within 24 h, these mice displayed a dramatic elevation in serum immunoreactive FGF23, and the expression of FGF23 mRNA in bone was significantly upregulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), but there was no effect in several other tissues. Furthermore, we treated rat UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and real-time PCR analysis revealed a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of FGF23 mRNA concentrations. The maximum increase in FGF23 mRNA was 1,024-fold at 10(-7) M 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) after 24-h treatment, but statistically significant differences were observed as early as 4 h after 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. In addition, using cotreatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide, we observed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulation of FGF23 gene expression occurs at the transcriptional level, likely via the nuclear vitamin D receptor, and is dependent on synthesis of an intermediary transfactor. These results indicate that bone is a major site of FGF23 expression and source of circulating FGF23 after 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) administration or physiological upregulation. Our data also establish FGF23 induction by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in osteoblasts as a feedback loop between these two hormones that completes a kidney-intestine-bone axis that mediates phosphate homeostasis.
Effects of CO2 and H2S on Corrosion of Martensitic Steels in Brines at Low Temperature (2017)

Corrosion studies were conducted for martensitic carbon steels in 5 wt% NaCl brine solutions at 4°C and 10 MPa (1,450 psi). These studies simulated different subsurface environments relevant to Arctic drilling. Here, two high-strength martensitic carbon steels, S-135 and UD-165, were studied in three different environments: (1) a CO2-NaCl-H2O solution with a CO2:H2O molar ratio of 0.312 in the whole system, (2) an H2S-NaCl-H2O solution with an H2S:H2O molar ratio of 3.12 × 10−4, and (3) a CO2-H2S-NaCl-H2O solution with the same acid gas to water ratios as environments 1 and 2. Results from the CO2+H2S mixed environment indicated that sour corrosion mechanism was dominant when the CO2:H2S molar ratio was 1,000. This impact of a small amount of H2S on the corrosion mechanism could be attributed to the specific adsorption of H2S on the steel surface. Electrochemical and mass loss measurements showed a distinct drop in the corrosion rate (CR) by more than one order of magnitude when transitioning from sweet to sour corrosion. This inhibiting effect on CR was attributed to the formation of a protective sulfide thin film. Tafel analyses of the anodic reaction showed that the Bockris mechanism was unlikely in the conditions tested. When comparisons were made between modeled and experimental CRs, good agreement was found in the CO2-only and H2S-only environments, but not in the CO2+H2S environment.
Fuel-rich, catalytic reaction experimental results (1991)

Future aeropropulsion gas turbine combustion requirements call for operating at very high inlet temperatures, pressures, and large temperature rises. At the same time, the combustion process is to have minimum pollution effects on the environment. Aircraft gas turbine engines utilize liquid hydrocarbon fuels which are difficult to uniformly atomize and mix with combustion air. An approach for minimizing fuel related problems is to transform the liquid fuel into gaseous form prior to the completion of the combustion process. Experimentally obtained results are presented for vaporizing and partially oxidizing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into burnable gaseous components. The presented experimental data show that 1200 to 1300 K reaction product gas, rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and light-end hydrocarbons, is formed when flowing 0.3 to 0.6 fuel to air mixes through a catalyst reactor. The reaction temperatures are kept low enough that nitrogen oxides and carbon particles (soot) do not form. Results are reported for tests using different catalyst types and configurations, mass flowrates, input temperatures, and fuel to air ratios.
Tunable thin film filters for low cost optical sensors from 0.8 - 10 μm (2005)

Aegis Semiconductor pioneered the use of tunable thin films based on thermo-optic effects in amorphous semiconductors, with original application to fiber optic telecom networks at 1.5 μm. In this paper we describe an extension of this technology to longer wavelengths in the mid-infrared to produce a new family (named Firefly(tm)) of gas and chemical sensors based on narrowband, micro-tunable, mid-infrared emitters. A prototype Firefly(tm) emitter designed for detection of carbon dioxide using the 4.2 μm absorption band has been constructed and demonstrated. The emitter, packaged in a TO5 can, consists of a high speed blackbody membrane, a micro-tunable membrane filter, and a blocking filter. The emitter produces about 1 mW of IR output in a bandwidth of approximately 50 nm and may be wavelength modulated from 4150 to 4300 nm at a frequency of about 10 Hz. A CO<sub>2</sub> sensor is completed simply by adding a detector.
Diaprepes abbreviatus 1: Laboratory and Field Behavioral and Attractancy Studies2 (1982)

In laboratory olfactometer tests conducted in a dark room, male and female Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) were shown to be significantly attracted to the frass of the opposite sex, though some response to the same sex was obtained. Response was also obtained from males and females to volatiles of tender. succulent Citrus foliage. Electroantennagram studies of extracts of frass and foliage indicated that the adult weevils were stimulated by these materials. In field tests, traps baited with a combination of males and females were significantly more attractive than were traps baited with males or females only, or unbaited traps.
A power management system for energy harvesting and wireless sensor networks application based on a novel charge pump circuit (2015)

Energy Harvesting circuits are developed as an alternative solution to supply energy to autonomous sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this context, this paper presents a micro-power management system for multi energy sources based on a novel design of charge pump circuit to allow the total autonomy of self-powered sensors. This work proposes a low-voltage and high performance charge pump (CP) suitable for implementation in standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. The CP design was implemented using Cadence Virtuoso with AMS 0.35μm CMOS technology parameters. Its active area is 0.112 mm2. Consistent results were obtained between the measured findings of the chip testing and the simulation results. The circuit can operate with an 800 mV supply and generate a boosted output voltage of 2.835 V with 1 MHz as frequency.
A hybrid approach to semantic hashtag clustering in social media (2016)

The uncontrolled usage of hashtags in social media makes them vary a lot in the quality of semantics and the frequency of usage. Such variations pose a challenge to the current approaches which capitalize on either the lexical semantics of a hashtag by using metadata or the contextual semantics of a hashtag by using the texts associated with a hashtag. This thesis presents a hybrid approach to clustering hashtags based on their semantics, designed in two phases. The first phase is a sense-level metadata-based semantic clustering algorithm that has the ability to differentiate among distinct senses of a hashtag as opposed to the hashtag word itself. The gold standard test demonstrates that sense-level clusters are significantly more accurate than word-level clusters. The second phase is a hybrid semantic clustering algorithm using a consensus clustering approach which finds the consensus between metadata-based sense-level semantic clusters and text-based semantic clusters. The gold standard test shows that the hybrid algorithm outperforms both the text-based algorithm and the metadata-based algorithm for a majority of ground truths tested and that it never underperforms both baseline algorithms. In addition, a larger-scale performance study, conducted with a focus on disagreements in cluster assignments between algorithms, shows that the hybrid algorithm makes the correct cluster assignment in a majority of disagreement cases.
Aqueous-Mediated N-Alkylation of Amines. (2007)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
IPv6 in Low-Power Wireless Networks (2010)

With deeply embedded wireless sensors, a new tier of the Internet is emerging that will extend into the physical world. These wireless sensor nodes are expected to vastly outnumber conventional computer hosts as we see them today, but their strict resource constraints are unlike other technologies already common to the Internet. As wireless sensor network research took off, many in the field eschewed the use of IP as inadequate and in contradiction to the needs of wireless sensor networking. Since then, the field has matured and IP has evolved. In this paper, we show that the convergence of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) and low-power multihop wireless networking is possible, pragmatic, and efficient-especially in regard to the metrics that matter most for embedded applications, low memory footprint, high reliability, and low energy usage. Using real commercial deployments, we show that it is possible to simultaneously achieve an average duty cycle of <; 0.4%, average message delivery rate of > 99.9%, and average per-hop latency of <; 125 ms over 12 months in different environments.
Current Chemotherapy and Future Directions in Research for the Treatment of Advanced Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (1995)

(1995). Current Chemotherapy and Future Directions in Research for the Treatment of Advanced Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 296-312.
Phase Transitions in Solids Stimulated by Simultaneous Exposure to High Pressure and Relativistic Heavy Ions (2006)

In many solids, heavy ions of high kinetic energy (MeV-GeV) produce long cylindrical damage trails with diameters of order 10 nm. Up to now, no information was available how solids cope with the simultaneous exposure to these energetic projectiles and to high pressure. We report the first experiments where relativistic uranium and gold ions from the SIS heavy-ion synchrotron at GSI were injected through several mm of diamond into solid samples pressurized up to 14 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. In synthetic graphite and natural zircon, the combination of pressure and ion beams triggered drastic structural changes not caused by the applied pressure or the ions alone. The modifications comprise long-range amorphization of graphite rather than individual track formation, and in the case of zircon the decomposition into nanocrystals and nucleation of the high-pressure phase reidite.
beta-cell dysfunction and failure in type 2 diabetes: potential mechanisms. (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a progressive loss of beta-cell function throughout the course of the disease. The pattern of loss is an initial defect in early or first-phase insulin secretion, followed by a decreasing maximal capacity of glucose to potentiate all nonglucose signals. Last, a defective steady-state and basal insulin secretion develops, leading to complete beta-cell failure requiring insulin treatment. This functional loss exceeds the expected impact of a 20-50% loss of beta-cells reported at autopsy, which has been associated with amyloid deposits. This review summarizes the nature of the amyloid deposition process and its association with disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia. It reviews recent studies in IAPP (islet-amyloid polypeptide, or amylin) transgenic mice developing islet amyloid deposits and hyperglycemia to suggest that the process of amyloid fibril formation impairs function early and leads to beta-cell failure and eventual death. Based on the known association of amyloid deposits and relative hyperproinsulinemia, it is hypothesized that fibril formation begins during impaired glucose tolerance after other factors cause the initial defects in early insulin secretion and insulin action. Thus, the process that leads to beta-cell loss is implicated in the deposition of amyloid and the late unrelenting progressive hyperglycemia now found in all patients despite current therapies.
Folate receptor targeted anti-tumor activity of EC-0225, a folate-targeted dual drug conjugate (2006)

568 The membrane-bound folate receptor (FR) is overexpressed on a wide range of primary and metastatic human cancers, such as those originating in ovary, lung, breast, endometrium, kidney and brain. Since folate-linked conjugates are known to be efficiently bound and internalized by FR-expressing cells, similar to the free vitamin, we have explored the possibility of using a single folate ligand to simultaneously target two small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs to the same FR. Herein we report the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of EC-0225, a novel folate conjugate of two drugs- one a potent microtubule inhibiting agent, and the second a DNA alkylating drug. When tested on cells in culture, EC-0225 was found to provide specific dose-dependent potency. Thus, EC-0225 inhibited the growth of FR-positive KB cells with an IC50 of ∼ 1 nM. The cytotoxic activity was greatly reduced in the presence of a large excess of folic acid. In addition, EC-0225 displayed no activity on FR-negative cells, thereby demonstrating this compound9s specificity. EC-02259s activity was next evaluated against FR-positive tumors in mice. Thus, Balb/c mice bearing subcutaneous M109 tumors (syngeneic lung carcinoma) were treated intravenously with EC-0225, and this brief therapy caused complete remissions (CRs) in 4 of 5 animals. Furthermore, the activity occurred in the absence of weight loss or major organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, greatly reduced anti-tumor activity (0/5 CRs) was observed in EC-0225-treated animals that were co-dosed with a non-drug containing folate. EC-02259s potency was also confirmed in a second cancer model, human KB xenografts growing in nu/nu mice. Here, EC-0225 therapy again displayed remarkable anti-tumor activity (5/5 CRs), and this activity also occurred in the absence of weight loss or major organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, combination therapy at various doses of the two free drugs proved to be very toxic when administered at equivalent levels, and this regimen was not effective at lower non-toxic dose levels. The ability of EC-0225 therapy to inhibit the growth of large (250, 500 and 750 mm3) tumors was also tested and found to be extremely active against all tumor sizes. Importantly, this is the first presentation demonstrating that a FR-targeted chemotherapeutic drug can effect regression of such large established tumors in an animal model. Taken together, the above results indicate that EC-0225 is a highly promising chemotherapeutic agent which can be selectively delivered to advanced FR-positive tumors without causing overt toxicity.
A Review and Prospects of Quantum Teleportation (2009)

Teleportation is a new and exciting field of future communication. Security in data communication is a major headache now a day. Among the encryption technologies that are available at present, shared key is the most reliable which depends on secure key generation and distribution. Teleportation/entanglement is a perfect solution in this regard as for the no cloning theorem of quantum mechanics any attempt to intercept the key by the eavesdropper will be detectable immediately. To use the quantum key distribution efficiently and effectively, rigorous study and research on teleportation/entanglement is needed. We have reviewed and presented teleportation concept, its process, road blocks, and successes that are achieved recently in a straightforward manner.
Genome-scale Gene Expression Analysis and Pathway Reconstruction in KEGG. (1999)

The massively parallel hybridization technologies by DNA chips and microarrays make it possible to monitor expression patterns of the whole set of genes in a genome under various conditions. The vast amount of data generated by such technologies necessitates the development of a new database management system that integrates expression data with other molecular biology databases and various analysis tools. We report here an extension of our KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and DBGET/LinkDB systems for analyzing gene expression data in conjunction with pathway information and genomic information. It is now possible to make use of expression data for the reconstruction of pathways from the complete genome sequences.
Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease. Possible role of amoebae (1990)

OUTBREAKS of legionnaires' disease (LD) have been linked to aerosols from evaporative condensers and cooling towers,<sup>1,2</sup>whirlpool spas,<sup>3</sup>respiratory therapy equipment,<sup>4</sup>and humidifiers.<sup>5</sup>An association between shower use and LD has been hypothesized but not epidemiologically demonstrated.<sup>6-11</sup>Prevention of LD is limited by a lack of understanding of the ecology of<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Monitoring aerosolproducing sites for<i>L pneumophila</i>can be misleading since the bacteria are found often in water sources without a known disease association.<sup>12</sup> Factors essential for<i>Legionella</i>multiplication in water are poorly understood, but the bacteria multiply extracellularly on supplemented culture media.<sup>13,14</sup>Nutritional requirements of the genus are unlikely to be met in most water sources; however, these bacteria do multiply inside protozoa,<sup>15-17</sup>which are common to aquatic environments.<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>grows in water samples with amoebae but not in those without viable amoebae.<sup>17</sup>Recognition of the association
Nanostructured materials for lithium-ion batteries: Surface conductivity vs. bulk ion/electron transport (2006)

Lithium metal phosphates are amongst the most promising cathode materials for high capacity lithium-ion batteries. Owing to their inherently low electronic conductivity, it is essential to optimize their properties to minimize defect concentration and crystallite size (down to the submicron level), control morphology, and to decorate the crystallite surfaces with conductive nanostructures that act as conduits to deliver electrons to the bulk lattice. Here, we discuss factors relating to doping and defects in olivine phosphates LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) and describe methods by which in situ nanophase composites with conductivities ranging from 10(-4)-10(-2) S cm(-1) can be prepared. These utilize surface reactivity to produce intergranular nitrides, phosphides, and/or phosphocarbides at temperatures as low as 600 degrees C that maximize the accessibility of the bulk for Li de/insertion. Surface modification can only address the transport problem in part, however. A key issue in these materials is also to unravel the factors governing ion and electron transport within the lattice. Lithium de/insertion in the phosphates is accompanied by two-phase transitions owing to poor solubility of the single phase compositions, where low mobility of the phase boundary limits the rate characteristics. Here we discuss concerted mobility of the charge carriers. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy to pinpoint the temperature at which the solid solution forms, we directly probe small polaron hopping in the solid solution Li(x)FePO4 phases formed at elevated temperature, and give evidence for a strong correlation between electron and lithium delocalization events that suggests they are coupled.
Being Different: Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment (1992)

The results of the current study supported the general hypothesis that individuals who were different from others in a social unit on demographic attributes reported lower organizational attachment...
Intra-articular analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery: comparison of three different regimens (1998)

One hundred and three patients ASA grades I-II, 16-80 years of age scheduled for arthroscopic meniscectomy were prospectively studied, and randomly allocated to one of four groups: group 1 (n = 25): 0.25% bupivacaine (50 mg) intra-articular (IA), group 2 (n = 27): 1 mg of 0.1% preservative free morphine chloride in saline, group 3 (n = 26): 1 mg of 0.1% preservative free morphine chloride in 0.25% bupivacaine and group 4 (n = 25): normal saline (0.9%). The volume given was always 20 mL. Ketorolac [Toradol, 30 mg intramuscularly (i.m.)] was used as rescue medication; analgesia was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), a verbal rating scale (VRS), supplemental analgesic consumption post-operatively (SAC) and the presence of side effects. Verbal rating scale and visual analogue scale scores showed better pain control in group 1, 20 min after surgery, and in groups 1 and 2 at 4 h and 10 h as well as in the global VAS. In multifactorial analysis no significant differences among groups or side effects was found, pH analysis of the substances used showed no alterations in the basal pH range. The analgesic efficacy of 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.25% is similar to that of 1 mg of morphine in 20 mL of saline 0.9%. The morphine-bupivacaine mixture was no more efficacious than bupivacaine or morphine alone.