gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Austenite stabilization from direct cementite conversion in low‐alloy steels (1996)

Tr ansformation i nduced p lasticity (TRIP) effects associated with austenite dispersions in low alloy Fe‐Mn‐Si steels can be enhanced by austenite stabilisation. Austenite which forms during conventional intercritical annealing does not possess the required stability in order to exhibit TRIP effects. In this work, thermodynamic calculations indicated that it is feasible to form austenite by a cementite to austenite conversion which occurs under paraequilibrium conditions, i.e with partition of carbon but with no partition of substitutional alloying elements. In this way the austenite inherits the manganese content of cementite and is chemically stabilised. A treatment consisting of a two‐step annealing has been examined. In the first step, soft annealing, an Mn‐enriched cementite dispersion in ferrite is formed. In the second step, intercritical annealing, austenite nucleates on the cementite particles, which are consumed to form austenite. It was experimentally determined that this austenite has been enriched in manganese and carbon and, therefore, is stabilised. The conversion reaction is followed by the conventional austenite nucleation at ferrite grain boundaries. This austenite is lean in manganese and is not stable. The net effect of the two‐step annealing treatment is a significant austenite stabilisation relative to simple intercritical annealing, indicating a potential for enhanced TRIP effects in this class of steels.
A foundation for tool-supported critical systems development with UML (2004)

High quality development of critical systems poses serious challenges. Formal methods have been proposed to address them, but their use in industry is not as wide-spread as originally hoped. We thus propose to use the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the defacto industry standard specification language, as a notation together with a formally based tool-support for critical systems development. We introduce UML machines, which is a formal notation designed to reflect properties of the UML execution semantics relevant to criticality requirements. We use it to define a foundation that puts models for the different diagrams into context and gives a precise meaning to mechanisms such as message-passing between objects or components specified in different diagrams, while offering the possibility to analyze criticality requirements. We present tool-support for this approach developed at the TU Munchen, which facilitates transfer of the methodology to industrial contexts.
Encapsulation of Polypyrrole Chains in Zeolite Channels (1989)

Isolated “molecular wires” are produced in the channels of zeolites by polymerizing pyrrole with embedded FeIII or CuII ions, according to spectroscopic, stoichiometric, and kinetic investigations. The doped zeolites (zeolite Y and mordenite) display no “bulk” conductivity, but they should be useful for studying the properties of isolated polypyrrole chains.
Impact of Spatial Frequency Based Constraints on Adversarial Robustness (2021)

Adversarial examples mainly exploit changes to input pixels to which humans are not sensitive to, and arise from the fact that models make decisions based on uninterpretable features. Interestingly, cognitive science reports that the process of interpretability for human classification decision relies predominantly on low spatial frequency components. In this paper, we investigate the robustness to adversarial perturbations of models enforced during training to leverage information corresponding to different spatial frequency ranges. We show that it is tightly linked to the spatial frequency characteristics of the data at stake. Indeed, depending on the data set, the same constraint may results in very different level of robustness (up to 0.41 adversarial accuracy difference). To explain this phenomenon, we conduct several experiments to enlighten influential factors such as the level of sensitivity to high frequencies, and the transferability of adversarial perturbations between original and low-pass filtered inputs.
Nükleer Enerji Hammaddelerinin Aranması ve Arama Yöntemleri (1978)

Nükleer enerji hammaddesi olarak tabiattamevcut iki element uranyum ve toryumdur.Bunlardan uranyum, bilindiği gibi halenyaygın bir şekilde çeşitli reaktörlerde kullanılmaktadır.Toryum ise sırasını bekleyen bir nükleeryakıt hammaddesi durumundadır. Uzmanlarınkanısına göre, toryum çevrimi ile çalışanreaktörlerin, 1980 lerin İkinci yarısından İtibaren,ekonomik olarak devreye girmesi beklenmektedir,İkinci Dünya Harbinden sonra bazı ülkelerdegizli bir şekilde başlatılan ve sürüdürülenuranyum aramaları giderek gelişmiştir. Modernuranyum arama yöntemleri bugün, Batı Blokuülkelerinin bir çoğunda açıkça ve yoğun bir şeşildesürdürülmektedir. Ancak, aynı durum toryumaramaları için halen söz konusu değildir.Bilinen toryum yataklarının hemen hemen tümü,uranyum veya ağır mineral aramaları sonundatesbit edilmişlerdir,Bilinen uranyum yatakları &#039;hakkındaki bilgiler,herhangi bir yeni arama programının temeliniteşkil ederler. Bundan dolayı olumlu biraraştırma projesi, bilinen yatak tiplerinin temeltariflerini İçermek zorundadır. Zira arazi çalışmalarınıntekniği, İlgili uranyum yatağının jeolojikyapısı ve tipi İle değişmektedir.Günümüzde uranyum arlmaları, sadece radyometrikusullerden yararlanılarak yapılan proşpeksiyonçalışmaları olmaktan çoktan çıkmıştır.Modern uranyum aramaları bugün, uzmanuranyumcu jeoloji mühendislerinden oluşanekiplerce, İleri seviyede geliştirilmiş radyometrikcihaz ve metotların yamsıra, çeşitli jeofizikekipmanı ve jeoşlmlk teknolojinin yardımı İleyapılmaktadır.
ERGONOMICS APPLIED TO THE PRACTICE OF MICROSURGERY<sup>1</sup> (1977)

Microsurgery presents special problems of visual information and fine manipulation, including tremor control. These problems can be studied usefully through ergonomics, the science of man at work, already used widely in industry. This paper presents factors affecting visual feedback, normal hand tremor, and instrument design, and refers to the process of skill acquisition and the care of surgical instruments.
Disaster management in South Africa (1998)

Disaster management' and disaster analysis in South Africa have undergone changes in the last two decades. This article reviews these developments, locates them within the broader international discourse and provides an assessment of current policy initiatives. In the past, responsibilities for disaster management were divided among several government agencies. Current initiatives, heralded by a green paper, attempt to improve the co-ordination of these parties and to move from viewing disasters as isolated acts of nature to being the outcome of unmanaged risk.
GeoCongress 2008 : Geotechnics of Waste Management and Remediation (2008)

Proceedings of GeoCongress 2008, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 9-12, 2008. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 106 papers addressing the challenges of sustainability in remediation and waste management. This volume covers topics such as new and conventional remediation technologies, design and operational aspects of bioreactor landfills, innovations in design and assessment of covers and liners, management of mining wastes, and recycle and reuse of waste materials.
Identification of a Regulated Alkaline Phosphatase, a Cell Surface-Associated Lipoprotein, in<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2003)

Although alkaline phosphatases are common in a wide variety of bacteria, there has been no prior evidence for alkaline phosphatases in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Here we report that transposon insertions in the pst operon, encoding homologues of an inorganic phosphate transporter, leads to constitutive expression of a protein with alkaline phosphatase activity. DNA sequence analysis revealed that M. smegmatis does indeed have a phoA gene that shows high homology to other phoA genes. The M. smegmatis phoA gene was shown to be induced by phosphate starvation and thus negatively regulated by the pst operon. Interestingly, the putative M. smegmatis PhoA has a hydrophobic N-terminal domain which resembles a lipoprotein signal sequence. The M. smegmatis PhoA was demonstrated to be an exported protein associated with the cell surface. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of PhoA from [(14)C]acetate-labeled M. smegmatis cell lysates demonstrated that this phosphatase is a lipoprotein.
Swelling, elasticity and structure of hydrogels prepared via bis‐macromonomers of poly(ethylene oxide) (2003)

Abstract The effect of swelling on the shear modulus was studied for hydrogels prepared by radical polymerization of methacrylate‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) bis‐macromonomers of different molecular weight. Gels made of long chains ( M = 12000 or 6000) display classical softening upon swelling, whereas gels made of shorter chains ( M = 4000 or 2000) remain rigid or even stiffen. The abnormal behaviour is explained by a specific character of network junctions presented by polymethacrylate chains in which each unit is linked with a PEO network chain. It is assumed that the interactions among densely grafted PEO chains result in their stretching on polymerization and non‐affine deformation on swelling, which stiffen the gel. This is verified by the data on copolymer (macromonomers ‐ 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels that have lesser densities of PEO chains attached to the junctions and show weaker stiffening on swelling. The osmotic pressure of gels was estimated from the swelling pressure and shear modulus. Similar to the mixing pressure of equivalent PEO solutions, it varies as the 9/4 power of polymer concentration. At the same time, it is lower than the mixing pressure. This indicates that the junctions make only quantitative changes in the osmotic properties of macromonomer chains.
Gene Duplications at the Chemokine Locus on Mouse Chromosome 4: Multiple Strain-Specific Haplotypes and the Deletion of Secondary Lymphoid-Organ Chemokine and EBI-1 Ligand Chemokine Genes in the <i>plt</i> Mutation (2001)

The murine paucity of lymph node T cell (plt) mutation leads to abnormalities in leukocyte migration and immune response. The causative defect is thought to be a loss of secondary lymphoid-organ chemokine (SLC) expression in lymphoid tissues. We now find that the plt defect is due to the loss of both SLC and EBI-1 ligand chemokine (ELC) expression in secondary lymphoid organs. In an examination of the plt locus, we find that commonly used inbred mouse strains demonstrate at least three different haplotypes. Polymorphism at this locus is due to duplications of at least four genes, three of them encoding chemokines. At least two cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK), three SLC, and four ELC genes or pseudogenes are present in some haplotypes. All haplotypes share a duplication that includes two SLC genes, which demonstrate different expression patterns, a single functional ELC gene, and an ELC pseudogene. The plt mutation represents a deletion that includes the SLC gene expressed in secondary lymphoid organs and the single functional ELC gene, leaving only an SLC gene that is expressed in lymphatic endothelium and an ELC pseudogene. This lack of CCR7 ligands in the secondary lymphoid organs of plt mice provides a basis for their severe abnormalities in leukocyte migration and immune response.
Trennpressen geschälter Rapssaat – Zielsetzung und verfahrenstechnische Probleme (1997)

Abstract Für den Einsatz von Rapsöl als Rohstoff für biologisch schnell abbaubare Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikfluide sprechen vorrangig ökologische Gründe. Daraus resultiert als Aufgabe an die Ölgewinnung, Hexanverluste in Extraktionsschroten zu minimieren. Die Hexanretention wird wesentlich durch die Lipide der Rapshüllen verursacht. Aus der extrem stabilen Struktur wird nur ein geringer Teil der Hüllenlipide freigesetzt. Die Restlipide binden Hexan. Zur Verringerung des Resthexans im Schrot wird vorgeschlagen, die Rapssaat bereits in der Aufbereitungsstufe zu schälen. Ein Verfahren zum Schälen von Rapssaat durch definiertes Verformen wird beschrieben. Die Funktion einer Schneckenpresse zur mechanischen Ölabtrennung wird wesentlich von der Elastizität und Permeabilität des Komprimates bestimmt. Deshalb wird der natürliche Hüllengehalt in der Ölmühlen‐Praxis als unverzichtbar bewertet. Die beobachtete Orientierung der Hüllen in technischen Preßschilfern relativiert jedoch diese Einschätzung. Daraus resultieren Fragestellungen an die Eigenschaften der Schälrapskomprimate. Zu ermitteln ist der für eine ausreichende Elastizität und Drainage des Komprimates sowie für die Schilferstabilität erforderliche minimale Hüllengehalt unter der Bedingung, daß mit dieser Hüllenreduktion eine wesentliche Resthexanminderung erreicht wird.
All-solution processed semi-transparent perovskite solar cells with silver nanowires electrode (2016)

In this work, we report an all-solution route to produce semi-transparent high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Instead of an energy-consuming vacuum process with metal deposition, the top electrode is simply deposited by spray-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) under room temperature using fabrication conditions and solvents that do not damage or dissolve the underlying PSC. The as-fabricated semi-transparent perovskite solar cell shows a photovoltaic output with dual side illuminations due to the transparency of the AgNWs. With a back cover electrode, the open circuit voltage increases significantly from 1.01 to 1.16 V, yielding high power conversion efficiency from 7.98 to 10.64%.
Determination of ethylene oxide oligomer distributions in alcohol ethoxylates by HPLC using a rotating disc‐flame ionization detector (1982)

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of ethylene oxide (EO) oligomer distributions (% wt) in acetylated alcohol ethoxylates, R(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH, from n=0, 1 to n=30 using a rotating disc‐flame ionization detector. Both single carbon number and mixed carbon number alcohol‐based (NEODOL® ethoxylates) samples have been analyzed by gradient elution with 2 different solvent systems on a Waters μ‐Porasil column. With both solvent systems, 95% hexane is the initial solvent but with one system, 100% acetone is the final solvent and with the other, 10% methanol/90% acetone is used. The latter solvent elutes the higher ethoxylates from n=21 to n=30 quantitatively from the μ‐Porasil column which the 100% acetone solvent fails to do. The 100% acetone solvent separates n=2 and n=3 from n=0,1 which the methanol‐containing solvent does not do. Response factors for n=3 and n=8 have been experimentally determined and the response factors for the other EO units have been calculated from these 2 results. The corrected EO oligomer distributions for both NEODOL® 25‐9 and NEODOL® 23‐6.5 determined by HPLC are in good agreement with those determined earlier by circular thin layer chromatography (up to n=16 can be determined by this method). The average EO numbers determined by the HPLC method and by a wet chemical (phthalic anhydride) method are in excellent agreement for the above 2 samples and a sample of NEODOL® 23‐7.5. The results are discussed in terms of Snyder's theory for gradient elution in HPLC using the gradient steepness parameter.
A Self-Training Numerical Method to Calculate the Magnetic Characteristics for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (2004)

Based on the two-dimensional (2-D) least squares method, this paper presents a novel numerical method to calculate the magnetic characteristics for switched reluctance motor drives. In this method, the 2-D orthogonal polynomials are used to model the magnetic characteristics. The coefficients in these polynomials are determined by the 2-D least squares method. These coefficients can be computed off line and can also be trained on line. The computed results agree well with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of the order number of the polynomials on the computation errors is discussed. The proposed method is very helpful in torque prediction, simulation studies and development of sensorless control of switched reluctance motor drives.
Text, ConText, and HyperText: writing with and for the computer (1989)

Introduction - a new paradigm for writing with and for the computer, Edward Barrett. Part 1 Artificial intelligence, document processing and Hypertext: the future of Writing for the computer industry, Mark P. Haselkorn artificial intelligence and automated publishing systems, Geoffrey James exploring the connections between improved technology - workstation and desktop publishing and improved methodology - document databases, R. John Brockmann the ethics of automated publishing systems (a response to Dr Brockmann), Geoffrey James text processing with the START natural language system, Boris Katz using an object-oriented programming language to create audience-driven hypermedia environments, Geri Younggren Hypertext - a way of incorporating user feedback into online documentation, Patricia Ann Carlson Hypertext and the teaching of writing, John M. Slatin. Part 2 Management, training, and corporate culture: information development is part of product development - not an afterthought, Roger A. Grice corporate culture, technical documentation and organization diagnosis, Lawrence B. Levine usability - stereotypes and traps, Edmond H. Weiss investment in computer-product documentation - causes and effects, John Kirsch preparing for a successful large-scale courseware development project, Richard Ziegfeld, et al the on-line environment and in-house training, Edward Barrett and James Paradis technology + design + research = information design, Elizabeth Keyes, et al writers as total desktop publishers - developing a conceptual approach to training, Patricia Sullivan are writers obsolete in the computer industry?, Muriel Zimmerman. Part 3 Designing on-line information: designing online information, Philip Rubens and Robert Krull technical writers as computer scientists - the challenges of online documentation, Henrietta Nickels Shirk creating a style for online help, Jonathan Price how Friendly is your writing for readers around the world?, John Kirkman.
Universal Windows apps with XAML and C# unleashed (2015)

Full Color: Figures and code appear as they do in Visual Studio. Universal Windows apps are a total game-changer. You can now write once and deploy your app to any modern PC, tablet, phone, or other Windows device. Suddenly, its quick and easy to serve new devices and form factors, sharing unified assets ranging from code to styles to user controls. It has never been easier to reach multiple-device markets! Now, the worlds #1 expert on Microsoft XAML brings together all the knowledge Windows developers need to build universal apps that adapt smoothly for any device running Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1, or their successors. Drawing on his unsurpassed personal experience and direct input from Microsofts Windows and Visual Studio teams, Adam Nathan illuminates core development concepts, answers your most important questions, and candidly assesses the technologys strengths and limitations. This full-color guide walks you through every key task involved in building a universal Windows app: layout and input, working with the app model, using advanced controls, leveraging XAMLs powerful rich media features, and much more. Detailed information on how to... Quickly build universal, localized apps that exploit the vast global scale of the Windows Store Size, position, and transform elements within layouts that gracefully adapt to different devices Handle input from touch, mouse, pen, keyboard, and any sensor Monetize apps with Windows Store sales, in-app purchases, and advertising Make the most of controls for managing content, items, text, images, media, speech, and more Create efficient 2D vector graphics and animations Use styles, templates, and visual states to redesign controls without losing functionality Bind data sources to simplify data presentation and updates Easily integrate data from apps, users, and networks Support Windows app commands: Search, Share, Print, Play, Project, Settings Use contracts to build apps that cooperate to perform complex tasks Improve the user experience even when your app isnt running
Inhibition of Thromboxane A2-lnduced Vasocontraction by KF4939, a New Anti-Platelet Agent, in Rabbit Mesenteric and Dog Coronary Arteries (1984)

The effect of a new anti-platelet agent, KF4939, on thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-induced vasocontraction was studied in superfused rabbit mesenteric and dog coronary arteries, in comparison with the effects on the contractions evoked by KCl, noradrenaline, serotonin, angiotensin II and histamine. The calcium sources involved in the TXA2-induced vasocontraction were also examined. The TXA2-induced contraction of the rabbit mesenteric artery was partly attenuated after exposure to the calcium-free medium, but was not attenuated by nifedipine. The TXA2-induced contraction of the dog coronary artery was markedly attenuated by nifedipine. These results indicate that TXA2 utilizes both intracellularly stored calcium and an extracellular source of calcium for its vasocontraction, and the voltage-dependent calcium channel plays an important role in the dog coronary artery, but in the rabbit mesenteric artery. KF4939 inhibited the TXA2-induced contraction in both arteries. In the rabbit mesenteric artery, three times and more higher concentration than that to inhibit TXA2-induced one were required to inhibit other agonist induced contractions, KF4939 caused no alteration in the KCI-induced contraction of both arteries. Thus, KF4939 seems to be a selective inhibitor of TXA2-induced vasocontraction, and the receptor-linked mechanism may be a possible site of the TXA2 antagonistic action of KF4939.
Anina in China (2009)

Despite her worldwide fame,it has never been easy to introduce her.A supermodel, entrepreneur, blogger, and mobile artist etc.Yes,she manages to fuse so many identities into one life. Probably the only word appropriate to address her is 'Anina',because she is one of a kind. Anina’s hottest program is 360Fashion.net (http://360fashion. net/), which she found and launched in 2005 from Paris, France. 360Fashion is a Network of high-level fashion professionals using the latest web 2.0 and mobile technologies to promote their brands online. Standing at the crossroads of Fashion and Technology, 360Fashion aims to offer a 360 degree professional observation of what is happening in the world of fashion created by all aspects of the industry’s professionals.