gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connexins and Impulse Propagation in the Mouse Heart (1999)

Gap junction channels are essential for normal cardiac impulse propagation. Three gap junction proteins, known as connexins, are expressed in the heart: Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. Each of these proteins forms channels with unique biophysical and electrophysiologic properties, as well as spatial distribution of expression throughout the heart. However, the specific functional role of the individual connexins in normal and abnormal propagation is unknown. The availability of genetically engineered mouse models, together with new developments in optical mapping technology, makes it possible to integrate knowledge about molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication and its regulation with our growing understanding of the microscopic and global dynamics of electrical impulse propagation during normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms. This article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of cardiac impulse propagation, with particular focus on the role of cardiac connexins in electrical communication between cells. It summarizes results of recent studies on the electrophysiologic consequences of defects in the functional expression of specific gap junction channels in mice lacking either the Cx43 or Cx40 gene. It also reviews data obtained in a transgenic mouse model in which cell loss and remodeling of gap junction distribution leads to increased susceptibility to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Overall, the results demonstrate that these are potentially powerful strategies for studying fundamental mechanisms of cardiac electrical activity and for testing the hypothesis that certain cardiac arrhythmias involve gap junction or other membrane channel dysfunction. These new approaches, which permit one to manipulate electrical wave propagation at the molecular level, should provide new insight into the detailed mechanisms of initiation, maintenance, and termination of cardiac arrhythmias, and may lead to more effective means to treat arrhythmias and prevent sudden cardiac death.
Ternary Systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTernary Systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts.J. A. Renard and A. G. ObergCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1965, 10, 2, 152–155Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60025a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je60025a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Heteroatom–Hydrogen Bond Insertion Reactions (2012)

Carbon-heteroatom bonds (C-X) are ubiquitous and are among the most reactive components of organic compounds. Therefore investigations of the construction of C-X bonds are fundamental and vibrant fields in organic chemistry. Transition-metal-catalyzed heteroatom-hydrogen bond (X-H) insertions via a metal carbene or carbenoid intermediate represent one of the most efficient approaches to form C-X bonds. Because of the availability of substrates, neutral and mild reaction conditions, and high reactivity of these transformations, researchers have widely applied transition-metal-catalyzed X-H insertions in organic synthesis. Researchers have developed a variety of rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H insertion reactions with high to excellent enantioselectivities for a wide range of substrates. However, at the time that we launched our research, very few highly enantioselective X-H insertions had been documented primarily because of a lack of efficient chiral catalysts and indistinct insertion mechanisms. In this Account, we describe our recent studies of copper- and iron-catalyzed asymmetric X-H insertion reactions by using chiral spiro-bisoxazoline and diimine ligands. The copper complexes of chiral spiro-bisoxazoline ligands proved to be highly enantioselective catalysts for N-H insertions of α-diazoesters into anilines, O-H insertions of α-diazoesters into phenols and water, O-H insertions of α-diazophosphonates into alcohols, and S-H insertions of α-diazoesters into mercaptans. The iron complexes of chiral spiro-bisoxazoline ligands afforded the O-H insertion of α-diazoesters into alcohols and water with unprecedented enantioselectivities. The copper complexes of chiral spiro-diimine ligands exhibited excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity in the Si-H insertion of α-diazoacetates into a wide range of silanes. These transition-metal-catalyzed X-H insertions have many potential applications in organic synthesis because the insertion products, including chiral α-aminoesters, α-hydroxyesters, α-hydroxyphosphonates, α-mercaptoesters, and α-silyl esters, are important building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. The electronic properties of α-diazoesters and anilines markedly affected the enantioselectivity of N-H insertion reaction, which supports a stepwise ylide insertion mechanism. A novel binuclear spiro copper complex was isolated and fully characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis and ESI-MS analysis. The positive nonlinear effect indicated that binuclear copper complexes were the catalytically active species. The 14-electron copper centers, trans coordination model, perfect C(2)-symmetric chiral pocket, and Cu-Cu interaction facilitate the performance of the chiral spiro catalysts in X-H insertion reactions.
Calcium Causes Multimerization of the Large Adhesin LapF and Modulates Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas putida (2012)

LapF is a large secreted protein involved in microcolony formation and biofilm maturation in Pseudomonas putida. Its C-terminal domain shows the characteristics of proteins secreted through a type I secretion system and includes a predicted calcium binding motif. We provide experimental evidence of specific binding of Ca(2+) to the purified C-terminal domain of LapF (CLapF). Calcium promotes the formation of large aggregates, which disappear in the presence of the calcium chelator EGTA. Immunolocalization of LapF also shows the tendency of this protein to accumulate in vivo in certain extracellular regions. These findings, along with results showing that calcium influences biofilm formation, lead us to propose a model in which P. putida cells interact with each other via LapF in a calcium-dependent manner during the development of biofilms.
Chronic migraine treatment: from OnabotulinumtoxinA onwards (2016)

Our goal is to review the existing data on OnabotulinoumtoxinA and CGRP-targeting drugs such as anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies, one of the most promising migraine drugs under development. The research of bibliographic databases has included only published peer-reviewed articles from indexed journals. Expert commentary: To date, real-life studies are supporting OnabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of chronic migraine. Additionally, anti-CGRP mAbs showed good efficacy and safety in recent RCTs and may soon contribute to improve the quality of life of patients suffering with migraine.
Fast Object Segmentation in Unconstrained Video (2013)

We present a technique for separating foreground objects from the background in a video. Our method is fast, fully automatic, and makes minimal assumptions about the video. This enables handling essentially unconstrained settings, including rapidly moving background, arbitrary object motion and appearance, and non-rigid deformations and articulations. In experiments on two datasets containing over 1400 video shots, our method outperforms a state-of-the-art background subtraction technique [4] as well as methods based on clustering point tracks [6, 18, 19]. Moreover, it performs comparably to recent video object segmentation methods based on object proposals [14, 16, 27], while being orders of magnitude faster.
FinFETs &#x2014; Technology and circuit design challenges (2013)

It took quarter of a century for multi-gate transistor to make it from first demonstration in research to a product - 22nm technology node microprocessor in 2012. FinFETs offer superior performance over incumbent planar devices due to their significantly improved electrostatics. FinFET technology faced two key barriers to their implementation in products: demanding process integration and its significant impact on layout and circuit design methodology. In this paper we focus on challenges and tradeoffs in both of these areas. Fin shape, pitch, isolation, doping, crystallographic orientation and stressing as well as device parasitics, performance and patterning approaches will be discussed. Implementation of high mobility materials for finFET devices will also be briefly reviewed as well as design challenges for logic and SRAM circuits.
Site of upper airway obstruction in patients with idiopathic obstructive sleep apnea (1988)

We developed a technique to determine the site of upper airway obstruction in patients with idiopathic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This technique is based on the analysis of inspiratory airflow pressures at various levels of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. Pharyngeal pressure was measured by a moveable Millar catheter pressure transducer. The catheter's position in the airway was localized radiographically. Ten patients with OSA were tested: five patients were found to have upper airway obstruction at the level of the soft palate, and five had upper airway obstruction at the base of the tongue. We concluded that measuring airway pressures at multiple sites along the airway is useful in localizing the site of obstruction in patients with OSA, and may have important implications in terms of the patient's response to surgical treatment.
An Effective Approach for Analyzing “Prefinished” Genomic Sequence Data (1999)

Ongoing efforts to sequence the human genome are already generating large amounts of data, with substantial increases anticipated over the next few years. In most cases, a shotgun sequencing strategy is being used, which rapidly yields most of the primary sequence in incompletely assembled sequence contigs ("prefinished" sequence) and more slowly produces the final, completely assembled sequence ("finished" sequence). Thus, in general, prefinished sequence is produced in excess of finished sequence, and this trend is certain to continue and even accelerate over the next few years. Even at a prefinished stage, genomic sequence represents a rich source of important biological information that is of great interest to many investigators. However, analyzing such data is a challenging and daunting task, both because of its sheer volume and because it can change on a day-by-day basis. To facilitate the discovery and characterization of genes and other important elements within prefinished sequence, we have developed an analytical strategy and system that uses readily available software tools in new combinations. Implementation of this strategy for the analysis of prefinished sequence data from human chromosome 7 has demonstrated that this is a convenient, inexpensive, and extensible solution to the problem of analyzing the large amounts of preliminary data being produced by large-scale sequencing efforts. Our approach is accessible to any investigator who wishes to assimilate additional information about particular sequence data en route to developing richer annotations of a finished sequence.
Soil organic carbon stocks in a Brazilian Oxisol under different pasture systems (2014)

2009). How-ever, productive well-managed pastures can improve degraded soils and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through humification of grass and root residues. In order to enhance pasture yields and SOC sequestra-tion, nutrient availability in soils must also be improved, especially for N and P. This work aimed to assess how SOC stocks are affected by the combination of grasses and legumes, in comparison with pure grass pastures and other land uses in a clayey Oxisol in southeast Brazil.
A Facile Synthesis and Chemoselective Reactions of Dihydrothiouracils (2012)

A highly efficient procedure was devised for the synthesis of 3-(3-arylthioureido)propanoic/butanoic acid and its cyclization to (3-aryl/3-aryl-6-methyl)-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-4(1<i>H</i>)-one derivatives. Carbonyl diimidazole proved to be a very effective coupling reagent for the cyclization. Studies carried out to examine the ambident nature of the thioamide moiety towards substitution reactions demonstrated the preference for alkylation at sulfur, and acylation and 1,4-addition at nitrogen.
Imatinib as a Novel Antifibrotic Agent in Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2005)

Imatinib mesylate is a potent and specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor against c-ABL, BCR-ABL, and c-KIT, and has been demonstrated to be highly active in chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We examined the antifibrotic effects of imatinib using a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model in mice because imatinib also inhibits tyrosine kinase of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs). Imatinib inhibited the growth of primary murine lung fibroblasts and the autophosphorylation of PDGFR-beta induced by PDGF. Administration of imatinib significantly prevented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, partly by reducing the number of mesenchymal cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells demonstrated that imatinib did not suppress early inflammation on Days 7 and 14 caused by bleomycin. These results suggest that imatinib has the potential to prevent pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, and that imatinib might be useful for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
Adult lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with nephromegaly (2013)

A previously well 25-year-old male presented with severe back pain on a background of a 4-week history of intermittent pain, lethargy, nausea, anorexia and approximately 6 kg weight loss. He had a low-grade pyrexia and tachycardia. A single raised purple coloured skin lesion was noted on his back, but he had no palpable lymphadenopathy. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in both flanks, but no peritonism or palpable organomegaly. His pain was significant – requiring morphine and observation on the high dependency unit. Biochemistry revealed a significantly raised C-reactive protein (208·7 mg/l) and acute kidney injury (creatinine of 267 μmol/l and urea 15·3 mmol/l from baselines of 94 μmol/l and 5·7 mmol/l, respectively). Full blood counts, including differential white cell count were within normal limits. Urgent computed tomography scan revealed grossly enlarged and diffusely infiltrated kidneys. The renal pyramids were spared with no evidence of obstruction or hydronephrosis. Several slightly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, the largest of which measured 14 mm in diameter, were seen along with multiple subcutaneous soft tissue nodules. The spleen was not considered significantly enlarged for a man of his age, and no other visceral abnormality was noted. Renal biopsy was contemplated but considered too high-risk in the acute setting. Biopsy of the skin nodule was performed and initial microscopy showed a dermal and subcutaneous infiltrate consistent with possible lymphoma. A peripheral blood film was examined and found to be normal. Based on the provisional diagnosis of lymphoma the patient was started empirically on methylprednisolone, which resulted in significant clinical improvement within 3 d. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate showed it to be hypercellular and packed with small lymphoblasts with very little normal haemopoietic activity. Immunophenotyping confirmed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with the CD34-positive gated blasts expressing CD45, CD10, CD19, HLA-DR, CD22 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Cytogenetic analysis was normal. The patient was transferred to a tertiary referral centre for treatment. He is now in remission following induction chemotherapy, and is currently awaiting sibling allogeneic stem cell transplant. His pain has resolved and renal function has normalized. This case is unusual in that nephromegaly is rarely described as a presenting feature of adult ALL. The back pain reflected capsular pain as a result of the renal enlargement, and responded well to treatment.
CHOOSING THE ”BEST” SORTING ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2009)

Reducing energy consumption of mobile systems in order to prolong their operating time has been an interesting research topic over the past several years. Such systems are typically battery powered. Hence, their uptime depends on the energy consumptions of the used components. By applying novel strategies that allow systems to dynamically adapt at runtime can be effectively used to reduce energy consumption. The focus of this paper is based on a case study that uses an energy management component that can dynamically choose the “best” sorting algorithm duing a multi-party mobile communication. The results indicate that Insertionsort is the most optimal sorting algorithm when in comes to saving energy.
Boosting Immunity to Small Tumor-Associated Carbohydrates with Bacteriophage Qβ Capsids (2013)

The development of an effective immunotherapy is an attractive strategy toward cancer treatment. Tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are overexpressed on a variety of cancer cell surfaces, which present tempting targets for anticancer vaccine development. However, such carbohydrates are often poorly immunogenic. To overcome this challenge, we show here that the display of a very weak TACA, the monomeric Tn antigen, on bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles elicits powerful humoral responses to the carbohydrate. The effects of adjuvants, antigen display pattern, and vaccine dose on the strength and subclasses of antibody responses were established. The local density of antigen rather than the total amount of antigen administered was found to be crucial for induction of high Tn-specific IgG titers. The ability to display antigens in an organized and high density manner is a key advantage of virus-like particles such as Qβ as vaccine carriers. Glycan microarray analysis showed that the antibodies generated were highly selective toward Tn antigens. Furthermore, Qβ elicited much higher levels of IgG antibodies than other types of virus-like particles, and the IgG antibodies produced reacted strongly with the native Tn antigens on human leukemia cells. Thus, Qβ presents a highly attractive platform for the development of carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.
Tunable near-infrared picosecond pulses from a short-cavity dye laser (1986)

We report on the generation of tunable infrared picosecond pulses by a short-cavity dye laser system consisting of a short cavity, a three-stage amplifier, and a wavelength control unit. The laser emission is temporally, spectrally, and spatially resolved. The conditions for optimum performance are ascertained, and the output characteristics important to experimental applications are determined.
Sams Teach Yourself ADO 2.5 in 21 Days (2000)

From the Publisher:
Sams Teach Yourself ADO 2.5 in 21 Days teaches you how to build distributed database applications using today's latest technologies. Step-by-step tutorials and real-world examples illustrate how ADO enables programmers to access data in the most optimal manner. This book's coverage includes basic implementation of ADO 2.5 (i.e., data manipulation, working with recordsets, using stored procedures), advanced techniques (i.e., how to work asynchronously, data shaping, building applications, database management), and using ADO in a distributed environment (i.e., designing COM+ apps, the in-memory database, disconnecting data, using remote data service, debugging and tuning).
Using kernel density estimator in nonlinear mixture (2005)

Generally, blind separation of sources from their nonlinear mixtures is rather difficult. This nonlinear mapping, constituted by unsupervised linear mixing followed by unknown and invertible nonlinear distortion, is found in many signal processing cases. We propose using a kernel density estimator incorporated within an equivariant gradient algorithm to separate the nonlinear mixed sources. The proposed algorithm is a generalization of natural gradient algorithm and Gram-Charlier series, which is able to adapt to the actual statistical distributions of the sources by estimating the kernel density distribution at the output signals. Experiments are presented to illustrate the performance of our proposed nonlinear blind source separation method.
The Physics of Turbulence-Free Ghost Imaging (2016)

Since its first experimental demonstration, ghost imaging has attracted a great deal of attention due to interests in its fundamental nature and its potential applications. In terms of applications, the most interesting and useful feature, perhaps, is the turbulence insensitivity of thermal light ghost imaging, i.e., atmospheric turbulence would not have any influence on the ghost images of sunlight. Inspired by ghost imaging, a new type of camera is ready for turbulence-free imaging applications. This turbulence-free camera would be especially useful for long distance imaging, such as satellite imaging. How could fluctuations of thermal light produce an image? Why is it turbulence-free? This article addresses these questions.
[New technology for sample preprocessing in NIR analysis]. (2007)

Sample's moisture content and granularity would have an important influence on NIR veracity. Preprocesssing methods have been used for NIR analysis to achieve better NIR veracity. With Yunnan flue-cured tobacco as study materials, the authors innovatively applied microwave fast drying technology and home pulverizer to tobacco preprocessing, which could finish the preprocessing in 5 min, faster than the traditional methods such as oven drying and sifting. Results showed that: microwave fast drying technology could improve NIR analysis veracity when samples' moisture content had a wide range; influence of samples' granularity on NIR veracity could be eliminated after 25 s home pulverizer shatter. This study can offer a new method for NIR analysis workers to simplify NIR preprocessing.
Reinforcement of Cements and Gypsum Plaster by Glass Fibres. (1970)

Inorganic building materials such as cement and plaster posses adequate compressive strength but their inherent weakness in tension and against impact seldom permits effective utilisation of their high compressive strength in structural applications. Commercially available glass fibers (eg E-fibers) can successfully reinforce gypsum plaster and that composites made by using a suitable fabrication technique possess sufficient strength and durability to be considered for load-bearing applications. Regarding the reinforcement of cements and concrete, E-glass fibers are very seriously damaged by Portland cements; but certain glass fibers having compositions in the Na2O-SiO2-ZrO2 system may possess adequate alkali resistance to be suitable for reinforcing such cements. The present paper describes results in this area. (Author)