gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated autoimmunity (2012)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) target proteins normally retained within neutrophils, indicating that cell death is involved in the autoimmunity process. Still, ANCA pathogenesis remains obscure. ANCAs activate neutrophils inducing their respiratory burst and a peculiar form of cell death, named NETosis, characterized by formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), decondensed chromatin threads decorated with cytoplasmic proteins endorsed with antimicrobial activity. NETs have been consistently detected in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, and this association prompted us to test whether the peculiar structure of NET favors neutrophil proteins uploading into myeloid dendritic cells and the induction of ANCAs and associated autoimmunity. Here we show that myeloid DCs uploaded with and activated by NET components induce ANCA and autoimmunity when injected into naive mice. DC uploading and autoimmunity induction are prevented by NET treatment with DNAse, indicating that NET structural integrity is needed to maintain the antigenicity of cytoplasmic proteins. We found NET intermingling with myeloid dendritic cells also positive for neutrophil myeloperoxidase in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic poliangiitis providing a potential correlative picture in human pathology. These data provide the first demonstration that NET structures are highly immunogenic such to trigger adaptive immune response relevant for autoimmunity.
Immobilized protein ZZ, an affinity tool for immunoglobulin isolation and immunological experimentation (2006)

At present, the common tool for affinity purification of IgG is immobilized Protein A, which is separated from native cell-wall components of Staphylococcus aureus. It is complicated and costly to prepare natural Protein A. ZZ protein is a synthetic Fc region-binding domain originated from B domain of Protein A. In the present study, recombinant ZZ protein with a hexahistidine tag at the N-terminus was expressed in BL21 (DE3) under the control of T7 promoter. The protein was purified through one-step Ni2+ chelating affinity chromatography at a yield of 50 mg of protein/litre of culture. Then it was covalently coupled with Sepharose 4B with butane-1,4-diol diglycidyl ether. The protein ZZ-Sepharose 4B resin exhibited good performance in affinity purification of IgG, as well as in capturing the protein-interacting complexes in immunoprecipitation experiments. Compared with natural Protein A, the expression and purification of ZZ protein at high yield are very simple and low-cost. At this point, extensive applications of protein ZZ in immunoassays are practicable and to be anticipated.
Tissue engineering bioreactor systems for applying physical and electrical stimulations to cells (2014)

Bioreactor systems in tissue engineering applications provide various types of stimulation to mimic the tissues in vitro and in vivo. Various bioreactors have been designed to induce high cellular activities, including initial cell attachment, cell growth, and differentiation. Although cell-stimulation processes exert mostly positive effects on cellular responses, in some cases such stimulation can also have a negative effect on cultured cells. In this review, we discuss various types of bioreactor and the positive and negative effects of stimulation (physical, chemical, and electrical) on various cultured cell types.
Festphasensynthese von oligonucleotiden, 11. Verwendung eines neuartigen hydrophilen perlpolymerisats als träger (1980)

Abstract New hydrophilic swellable and lowly crosslinked bead copolymers consisting of dimethylaminocarbonylethylene or ‐propylene and alkoxycarbonylethylene or ‐propylene repeating units were prepared starting from activated esters of acrylic acid ( 8a–10a ) or methacrylic esters ( 8b–10b ) and N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide ( 12a ). This “hydrophylic Merrifield carriers” were applied for polymer‐supported oligodeoxynucleotide syntheses. They were found to be swellable in a wide range of solvents. The first deoxynucleoside was attached to the carrier via its 5′‐hydroxyl group by an ester bond. The cleavage of the bond between carrier and oligonucleotide was performed with aqueous sodium hydroxide under conditions which do not attack the N ‐protecting groups attached to the oligonucleotide chain. The acid labile 1‐ethoxyethyl group was used as 3′‐protecting group for the phosphate component ( N ‐protected deoxynucleoside‐5′‐phosphate). Some suitable protected deoxynucleosides were synthesized for anchoring and deoxynucleoside‐5′‐phosphates for chain elongation. In a condensation reaction according to the diester method, a dinucleoside monophosphate ( 7 ) was prepared and, as a consequence of the flexibility of the polymeric backbone, the synthesis of longer oligonucleotides should be feasible. The alkali labile anchoring of the oligonucleotides to the carrier can allow to avoid wrong sequences by simple acylation of the non‐reacted 3′‐OH groups with acetic anhydride after each condensation step.
The oxidation of various synthetic α-amino-acids by mammalian <scp>d</scp>-amino-acid oxidase, <scp>l</scp>-amino-acid oxidase of cobra venom and the <scp>l</scp>- and <scp>d</scp>-amino-acid oxidases of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1950)

all and the 15N found in glycine after feeding 16N- labelled amino-acids other than glycine and serine, may, as already suggested by Shemin (1946), arise by synthesis of glycine from a substance other than glyoxylic acid. SUMMARY 1. Glycine containing excess 15N was fed to rabbits and rats, and various amino-acids were isolated from protein of muscle and internal organs respectively. The glycine, serine, glutamic acid, arginine and tyrosine contained varying concen- trations of isotopic nitrogen. Lysine and threonine had no excess 15N.
HIGH-pH Coagulation-Adsorption: A New Technology for Water Treatment and Reuse (1989)

A novel high-pH water treatment technology with processed dolomite as coagulant is proposed. The technology has been developed on the basis of laboratory-scale experiments with model solutions and a variety of natural water samples. Treatment effects are assessed in terms of colour, turbidity, TOC and COD removal. The technology is successful when applied to the treatment of surface water, irrespective of the influent concentration of pollutants. The effluent is clear and colourless, displaying a high removal of organic matter and heavy metals, as well as a partial inactivation of viruses and bacteria. Following a single-stage recarbonation process, water treated via this technology exerts no corrosive action. The optimum dolomite coagulant dose depends exclusively on the influent alkalinity, provided that turbidity level and colour concentration are moderately high. The optimum pH for the treatment process approaches 10.5. The technology proposed is an advantageous combination of three unit processes: decarbonation, coagulation and adsorption.
Comparative Toxinology of <i>Loxosceles reclusa</i> and <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i> (1985)

In contrast to other kinds of phospholipases, phospholipases D that are toxic for humans and animals are not commonly encountered as constituents of venoms or as products of pathogenic microorganisms. Toxic phospholipases D are present, however, in the venom of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) and in supernatants or filtrates of cultures of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Although the two enzyme toxins are derived from phylogenetically disparate entities, they are similar in molecular weight, charge, substrate specificity, and in several biological activities. They are immunologically distinguishable.
Orientation of Dye Molecules in Skew Stretched Polyvinyl Alcohol Film (1991)

Abstract The mutual orientation of pigments in living organisms, for example the antenna pigments in photosynthetizing Organisms, have strong influence on molecular processes such as excitation energy transfer which are closely related to physiological function of photosynthetizing apparatus of plants, algae and bacteria [l]. Key Words: emission anisotropyskew stretched filmpolarized spectramerocyanine dye
Reusable On-Chip System Level Verification for Simulation Emulation and Silicon (2006)

Absolute verification of system on chip (SoC) has become infeasible due to the huge number of chip-level scenarios to cover. System level verification validates the integration of independently-verified components such as cores, peripherals, caches and memories. Some of the most elusive system level bugs can only be detected by scenarios that exercise several components, each in a different configuration. This paper presents a methodology for SoC system level verification, comprised of high level software that simultaneously exercises multiple hardware components. It consists of a light operating system which schedules threads for non-preemptive interleaved runs. Each thread complies with a uniform structure, and activates a specific functionality of the system. The interaction of multiple threads allows for realistic scenarios, testing bus traffic stress, multiplexing, and state machines, reaching unanticipated corner-cases. The OS includes a run time constraint solver for randomly selecting parameters for peripheral configuration. Similar capabilities require dedicated testbenches such as Vera or e which lack compilers and thus cannot be applied to silicon. The described framework is not dependent on a specific tool, but based on C, therefore compiled to chip. Reusability over project life-cycle is achieved by having the same test-cases run on simulation, emulation and silicon, allowing comparison of test results. A simulation speed-up of over 100times is achieved, by replacing RTL core with stub, compiling application code to the host machine, and using an API for the interaction of the design and application. This methodology was applied to the new Quad-Core MSC8144 supporting a very high I/O bandwidth and providing an optimal DSP solution for wireline/wireless infrastructure applications. The same methodology was used in simulation, emulation and silicon modes. It led to high coverage of system level scenarios, and discovery of system level bugs which could have taken much longer to be found by other methodologies
In vitro Rooting of Podophyllum Hexandrum and Transplanting Technique (2012)

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and collection have led to the disappearance of this species in China and India. Effective methods such as tissue culture should be adopted to conserve it to abtain a large scale. It was an crucial process for the final success of tissue culture that seedlings with roots and true leaves in flasks were transferred to soil in field. A protocol has been development for in vitro rooting and hardening and en vitro transplant of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Roots were efficiently established on WPM media supplemented with IAA 1.5 mg·L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L-1. Before transferred to soil containing turfysoil and perlite (2:1), rooted plants were exposed to air for 5d for adaptation. Two periods were good for transplanting this plantlets.
A Structural Model of Health Insurance Choice and Health Care Demand in the Medicare Managed Care Program (2007)

I examine the joint determination of health insurance choice and subsequent health care utilization in the Medicare managed care and supplemental insurance markets in the United States. The objectives are to evaluate the welfare impact of the Medicare Advantage, the Medicare managed care program, taking into account the effect of risk selection, and to advance the applied literature on health insurance choice and health care demand. I model health care demand as simultaneously determined in five dimensions: inpatient care, outpatient care, doctor visits, prescription drugs, and dental care. The model incorporates uncertainty about efficacy when treatment decisions are made, limits on the efficacy of treatment, and diminishing marginal product both intensively and extensively. Demand functions are implicitly defined by the first order conditions of the consumer. Likelihood contributions are generated by numerically solving for the vector of unobservables that is consistent with characterizing the observed utilization data as utility-maximizing. I employ a mixed multinomial logit approach to health plan choice. Risk averse consumers choose health plans by taking expectations of indirect utilities over a known distribution of health states. The model uses a unified framework in that the health insurance and utilization decisions are based on the same underlying preferences. I use individual level data on health insurance choice and subsequent utilization, and data on aggregate enrollment in Medicare Advantage. The aggregate data is observed at the county/age/gender level. The decomposition to the age/gender level allows me to solve for a vector of unobservables that is specific to every managed care plan/county combination. These unobservables are used to construct moment conditions that supplement the likelihood function in estimation. The results suggest that while each age/gender group benefits from Medicare Advantage on average, younger age groups benefit more. The results also indicate that a small percentage of each age/gender group is adversely affected by Medicare Advantage and this share is larger in older age groups. In a second policy experiment, the results indicate that the extra cost to Medicare through supplemental insurance because of increased ex post moral hazard is greater than the extra consumer surplus generated by supplemental insurance. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text
Utility function design for strategic radio resource management games: An overview, taxonomy, and research challenges (2016)

Abstract Radio resource management is important for wireless communication networks. Game theory has been extensively used to model, analyze, and design interactive behaviors and the strategic decision‐making for radio resource management. It is known that utility function is one of the critical elements in a game, which characterizes the preferred relationship of the rational players and is a function of the action of players and their opponents. We first overview the basics of game theory and utility functions. We then present a taxonomy of utility functions with respect to different types of players, the nature of actions, and preferences in terms of the fairness, quality of service, and quality of experience. We provide some insights based on the taxonomy of utility functions, which provides the readers with a comprehensive view. Following that, we also discuss other types of traffic‐aware utility functions with different fairness and the potential and super modular game‐theoretic utility functions. In addition, we summarize the desired properties and observations for the design of suitable utility functions. Finally, we investigate impacts of the pricing in utility functions. This article ends with the conclusions and a promising view on open problems and challenges with possible future research directions.
Analysis of RNA synthesis of type 1 poliovirus by using an in vitro molecular genetic approach (1987)

Membranous crude replication complexes (CRC) were isolated from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells as recently described (N. Takeda, R.J. Kuhn, C.-F. Yang, T. Takegami, and E. Wimmer, J. Virol. 60:43-53, 1986). Viruses used to produce the CRC were poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney), [PV-1(M)], poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) [PV-1(S)], and four in vitro recombinants that were constructed from infectious cDNA clones. RNA synthesis in CRC was studied. No end-linked, full-length double-stranded poliovirus RNA was detected in CRC regardless of whether nonionic detergent (Nonidet P-40) was added prior to incubation. Synthesis of VPg-pU and VPg-pUpU, two nucleotidyl proteins presumed to be involved in the initiation of RNA synthesis, was slower at 30 degrees C in CRC induced by PV-1(S) than by PV-1(M). This observation was used to design a pulse-chase experiment whose result suggested that synthesis of VPg-pUpU occurred by uridylylation of VPg-pU. Synthesis of VPg-pU(pU) was thermosensitive in CRC induced by PV-1(S). With CRC of recombinant viruses, the thermosensitive block covaried to nucleotide substitutions in PV-1(S) that mapped to the virus-induced RNA polymerase 3Dpol. We conclude that plus-stranded RNA synthesis in CRC does not proceed via hairpin structures. The results of VPg-pU----VPg-pUpU synthesis are consistent with a model in which VPg-pU is the primer of RNA synthesis mediated by 3Dpol. The data suggest that uridylylation of VPg or a precursor thereof may be catalyzed by 3Dpol itself, a mechanism resembling events occurring in adenovirus DNA replication.
The fate of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 5-bromodeoxycytidine, and 5-iododeoxycytidine in man. (1963)

Summary The fate of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 5-bromodeoxycytidine (BCdR), and 5-iododeoxycytidine (ICdR) in man has been studied with the use of BUdR-Br82, BCdR-Br82, and ICdR-I131. Following its intravenous injection BUdR rapidly disappeared from the blood, in part owing to its degradation associated with the liberation of bromide. BCdR disappeared equally rapidly and was degraded to BUdR, bromouracil (BU), and bromide. Bromocytosine was not identified as a degradation product. One hour after the injection of either BUdR-Br82 or BCdR-Br82, approximately 60 per cent of the Br82 activity was estimated to be in intracellular or intralumenal sites. After either intra-arterial or intravenous injection ICdR was rapidly degraded to iododeoxyuridine (IUdR), iodouracil (IU), and iodide. About 80 per cent or more of the iodine in the compound was recovered in the urine within 72 hours. Nearly all the urinary iodine was in the form of iodide; small amounts of ICdR, IUdR, and IU were also identified. In three cases, following injection of ICdR-I131 into the internal carotid artery homolateral to a brain tumor, brain scanning revealed I131 in the region of the tumor but also rather diffusely distributed in the corresponding cerebral hemisphere. In two other cases, given an intravenous injection of ICdR-I131, I131 was found localized in an intracerebral metastasis and in a hepatoma, respectively. Regardless of the route of administration of ICdR-I131, the pattern of distribution of I131 activity over the various organs of the body differed markedly from case to case. Stomach, colon, vertebral column, and liver were among the organs showing evidence of localization of radioactivity. The diagnostic use of radioactive halogenated nucleosides in the selection of patients with cancer who may be candidates for combined treatment with x-radiation and nonradioactive BUdR or BCdR is discussed.
MOSDEN: An Internet of Things Middleware for Resource Constrained Mobile Devices (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is part of Future Internet and will comprise many billions of Internet Connected Objects (ICO) or `things' where things can sense, communicate, compute and potentially actuate as well as have intelligence, multi-modal interfaces, physical/ virtual identities and attributes. Collecting data from these objects is an important task as it allows software systems to understand the environment better. Many different hardware devices may involve in the process of collecting and uploading sensor data to the cloud where complex processing can occur. Further, we cannot expect all these objects to be connected to the computers due to technical and economical reasons. Therefore, we should be able to utilize resource constrained devices to collect data from these ICOs. On the other hand, it is critical to process the collected sensor data before sending them to the cloud to make sure the sustainability of the infrastructure due to energy constraints. This requires to move the sensor data processing tasks towards the resource constrained computational devices (e.g. mobile phones). In this paper, we propose Mobile Sensor Data Processing Engine (MOSDEN), an plug-in-based IoT middleware for mobile devices, that allows to collect and process sensor data without programming efforts. Our architecture also supports sensing as a service model. We present the results of the evaluations that demonstrate its suitability towards real world deployments. Our proposed middleware is built on Android platform.
Comparison of vaccination and treatment in controlling naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. (1979)

A vaccination study for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was conducted on 108 newborn Hereford calves in the US Department of Agriculture Meat Animal Research Center cattle herd at Clay Center, Nebraska. Groups were allocated so that age of calf, sex of calf, and age of dam were equally distributed between the 54 vaccinated (group I) and the 54 nonvaccinated (group 2) control calves. The dams of both groups of calves were monitored as group 3 controls. An autogenous Moraxella bovis bacterin (formalin-killed, whole cells) was given IM at birth and at approximate intervals of 2 weeks for a total of 3 doses. Bacterial isolation rates for the cattle in groups 1, 2, and 3 during the summer were 92.6%, 92.6%, and 54.1%, respectively, and disease rates were 100%, 96.3%, and 70.6%. The rates were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between calves and cows. Vaccination of calves at birth permitted serum antibodies to develop before the calves were extensively exposed to infection; however, immunity to the disease did not develop. In a treatment study of other animals in the same herd, but in another pasture, the same criteria were used for allocation of 107 cow-calf pairs. Eye spray was applied to treated principals (group 4, 52 calves; and group 6, 53 cows) each week after examination and sample collection. Controls consisted of 54 calves (group 5) and 54 cows (group 7) that were examined and cultured bacteriologically in the same manner. The bacterial isolation and disease rates were less (P less than 0.05) in the treated calves (group 4) than in the nontreated controls (group 5). The differences in bacterial isolation rates between groups 6 and 7 were not significant, but group 6 had less (P less than 0.05) grade III lesions than did group 7. Weekly treatment appeared to be more effective in reducing the incidence of disease than did vaccination.
Quantitation of precipitating antibodies to certain soluble nuclear antigens in sle (1977)

Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was used to separate and quantitate the components of a washed immune precipitate. Serum was from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus known to have antibodies to soluble nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) or to a soluble nuclear non-nucleic acid protein (Sm). Amounts of antibody that was predominantly IgG ranged from 0.2 to 8 mg/ml of patients' serum, and in some cases accounted for over 20% of the total serum IgG. Results demonstrate that some patients respond to the disease by producing large amounts of a specific antibody, and that these antibodies can contribute significantly to hypergammaglobulinemia.
Synthetic Natural Gas Large-scale introduction of green natural gas in existing gas grids: (2007)

Spatial heatingWarm tap water 2,000 m n /a "Green Gas" required for one household "SNG" Synthesis 2,000 m n 3 "SNG" Gasification wood of 4 large trees (Biomass) 6,000 kg wood chips 8,000 m n 3 gas Plus additionally as transport fuel ???