gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hi-C RAM cell concept (1978)

This paper addresses a new MOS high-capacity dynamic RAM cell concept called the high capacity (Hi-C) RAM cell. This cell combines the charge-coupled RAM cell with the one-transistor (1-T) or double-level polysilicon (DP) structure, and its operation is identical to that of conventional dynamic RAM cells. A charge-capacity analysis was undertaken which indicates that the Hi-C cell has a charge storage capacity per unit area 50-100 percent greater than that of the regular 1-T or DP cells. It is also expected to have a leakage current lower than that of the 1-T and DP cells. Results of measurements on the first test structures show a 45-80-percent increase in charge capacity and up to 3× reduction in leakage current. In addition, the implant doses can be conveniently chosen so that the charge capacity of the Hi-C cell is maximized and independent of the n-type implant dose in the storage region. This is important regarding manufacturability. This new cell structure represents a significant breakthrough in increased charge capacity and decreased leakage current which should very favorably impact dynamic RAM packing density.
A System for Determining the Mass and Energy of Particles Incident on a Substrate in a Planar Diode Sputtering System (1970)

A bakable ultrahigh vacuum system has been constructed to sample the particle flux incident on the substrate of a planar diode sputtering system. A beam of particles from the discharge is extracted into a long mean free path environment where it passes through a 90° deflection electrostatic analyzer into a quadrupole residual gas analyzer. The mass spectra of positive ions incident on a substrate during dc sputtering of copper and aluminum bronze are shown and the influence of hydrogen contamination is illustrated. The energy distribution of the Ar+ ions is presented for several values of the substrate bias.
The Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence gene chvE is part of a putative ABC-type sugar transport operon (1997)

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence determinant ChvE is a periplasmic binding protein which participates in chemotaxis and virulence gene induction in response to monosaccharides which occur in the plant wound environment. The region downstream of the A. tumefaciens chvE gene was cloned and sequenced for nucleotide and expression analysis. Three open reading frames transcribed in the same direction as chvE were revealed. The first two, together with chvE, encode putative proteins of a periplasmic binding protein-dependent sugar uptake system, or ABC-type (ATP binding cassette) transporter. The third open reading frame encodes a protein of unknown function. The deduced transporter gene products are related on the amino acid level to bacterial sugar transporters and probably function in glucose and galactose uptake. We have named these genes gguA, -B, and -C, for glucose galactose uptake. Mutations in gguA, gguB, or gguC do not affect virulence of A. tumefaciens on Kalanchoe diagremontiana; growth on 1 mM galactose, glucose, xylose, ribose, arabinose, fucose, or sucrose; or chemotaxis toward glucose, galactose, xylose, or arabinose.
A new radical-based approach to online handwritten Chinese character recognition (2008)

This paper proposes a new radical-based approach for online handwritten chinese character recognition. The approach is novel in three respects: statistical classification of radicals, over-segmentation of characters into candidate radicals, and lexicon-driven recognition of characters. Currently, we have applied the approach to Chinese characters of left-right structure and are extending to other structures. Preliminary results on a sample set of 4,284 characters consisting of 1,118 radicals demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
The role of PTEN and its signalling pathways, including AKT, in breast cancer; an assessment of relationships with other prognostic factors and with outcome (2004)

PTEN is a novel tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 10. PTEN mutations are believed to exert their effects through the putative PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Specifically, loss of PTEN leads to activation of AKT, which in turn promotes anti-apoptotic and pro-cell cycle entry pathways believed to be essential in tumourigenesis. Whilst PTEN mutations are frequent in a variety of sporadic cancers and inherited cancer syndromes, it is not clear how frequently PTEN mutations and immunohistochemical loss of PTEN expression occur in sporadic breast cancer. This study used tissue microarrays (TMAs) to assess wild-type PTEN and pAKT immunohistochemical staining in 670 and 691 cases, respectively, of primary operable breast cancer. Scores of 0, 1, and 2 were given for negative, weakly positive, and strongly positive degrees of immunoreactivity, respectively. In addition, immunohistochemical assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Her2, and proliferation by MIB1 expression was performed on the same TMAs and the scores were compared with those of PTEN and pAKT. Eight per cent of cases did not express wild-type PTEN. No correlation was observed between patient, tumour and outcome variables and PTEN. pAKT expression correlated inversely with adverse tumour variables such as tumour grade (p< 0.001) and correlated positively with ER status (p< 0.001). No correlation was seen between either PTEN or AKT and EGFR, Her2 or MIB1. No association of PTEN or pAKT was seen in Kaplan-Meier or multivariate analysis for overall survival. The results indicate that loss of PTEN expression is infrequent in breast cancer. PTEN and AKT do not appear to be prognostic markers. The study argues against the current model of a simple linear tumourigenic PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in breast cancer. It also suggests that, in this group of breast cancers, the most common upstream regulator of AKT may be ER rather than PTEN, EGFR or Her2.
High-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (2002)

In the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere, almost 85% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are inoperable at diagnosis and have a dismal prognosis. Tamoxifen (TMX) is believed to inhibit HCC positive for estrogen receptor (ER), but most HCCs are ER negative. Results of previous phase 3 trials in inoperable HCC have been conflicting and inconclusive. At higher doses, however, TMX inhibits HCC through ER-independent mechanisms. A multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed to assess the role of high-dose TMX versus placebo (P) in the treatment of patients with inoperable HCC with respect to survival and quality of life (QoL). A total of 329 patients from 10 centers in 9 countries in the Asia-Pacific region enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of TMX 120 mg/d (TMX120) against P as a control arm with an intermediate dosage of TMX 60 mg/d (TMX60) to assess possible dose response. An independent data monitoring committee reviewed all aspects of the trial. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Three-month survival rates for the P, TMX60, and TMX120 groups were 44%, 41%, and 35%, respectively, with a statistically significant trend difference in survival across the 3 treatment regimens (P =.011). There was a significantly higher risk of death in the TMX120 group compared with the P group (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.81). Adverse drug reactions were reported in 3% (9 patients), and 8 patients were lost to follow-up. In conclusion, TMX does not prolong survival in patients with inoperable HCC and has an increasingly negative impact with increasing dose. No appreciable advantage to QoL with TMX was observed.
Fast Generation of Leakproof Surfaces from Well‐Defined Objects by a Modified Marching Cubes Algorithm (1995)

Abstract Local surface reconstruction by the Marching Cubes algorithm and its derivatives has a well known ambiguity, which prevents constructed surfaces from being closed and simple. We investigate this ambiguity assuming that a 3D image samples well‐defined objects. In this case it is justified to aim at tiling of extracted object voxels rather than at reconstructing iso surfaces. Compared to iso surface reconstruction, our algorithm provides essentially the same level of confidence with respect to surface location at a lower computational cost. We present a leak detection and mending scheme which resolves the Marching Cubes ambiguity and guarantees a well‐defined behaviour with respect to which objects are covered by which surface. We detail how to implement our leak mending method within a completely tabulated Marching Cubes algorithm. We finally give an example of how the adapted algorithm is of benefit to a recently developed 3D MR spectroscopy technique.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FRUIT OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS GAERTN (2010)

The present communication attempts to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruit of Emblica officinalis Gaertn, Euphorbiaceae family. Amla is one of the most celebrated herbs in the Indian traditional medicine system, Ayurveda. Amla traditional uses include as a laxative, eye wash, appetite stimulant, restorative tonic, and to treat anorexia, indigestion, diarrhea, anemia, and jaundice. Amla is becoming increasingly well known for its unusually high levels of Vitamin C, which is resistant to storage and heat damage due to cooking. It is found natively in India. Indian gooseberry has been used as valuable ingredient of various medicines in India and abroad. As there is no detailed standardisation work reported on fruit, the physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical constants, toxic heavy metals, pesticide residue, and aflatoxin analysis are carried out. The study revealed specific identities for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification and control to adulterations of the raw drug.
Host-Plant Manipulation by Gall-Insects: A Test of the Nutrition Hypothesis (1992)

1. Nitrogen is generally regarded as a crucial, limiting nutrient for phytophagous insects. Nitrogen levels in two species of cynipid galls (Neuroterus quercus-baccarum L. and Andricus lignicola Hartig) on oak (Quercus robur L.) were monitored after experimental enhancement of host-plant nitrogen levels over 2 years. 2. The nitrogen content of gall-tissue was unaffected by fertilization of the hostplant, although the nitrogen content of leaf-tissue was elevated. Furthermore, fertilization did not improve gall-insect performance. These results superficially run counter to the predictions of the nutrition theory for the adaptive nature of plant galls. 3. However, in one of the two species (Neuroterus) survivorship was highly variable across individual oak trees, and was negatively correlated with gall nitrogen content. Between-tree differences persisted across years, irrespective of fertilization treatment. 4. Consistent with these results, experimental reduction in number of Neuroterus galls per leaf did not lead to an increase in nitrogen levels in the remaining galls, or to an improvement in insect performance. Thus, there was no relationship between gall density and gall nitrogen content, nor between density and insect performance. 5. We conclude that cynipid gall-formers may be able to manipulate host nitrogen levels to their own advantage, by preventing an increase in gall nitrogen levels on fertilized trees; such an increase would reduce insect survival rates. Our results are therefore consistent with the nutrition hypothesis to explain the evolution of insect galls.
Self-Organization of Wireless Sensor Network for Autonomous Control in an IT Server Platform (2010)

Information technology systems face considerable challenges in seamless integration of telemetry and control information. These are essential to various autonomic management functions related to power, thermal, reliability, predictability, survivability, and adaptability. Sensors and control agents supporting this telemetry are a part of large multiprocessor environments that are scattered across the platform. The conventional approaches to support distributed observability and control using wired solutions are static, expensive, and non-scalable. We present an alternative approach for this unique environment that replaces static wired sensors with dynamically reconfigurable wireless sensors. It employs a genetic algorithm based approach to optimize sensor node function assignment, clustering decisions, resource distribution, and route establishment for improved control quality. Based on this new, wireless sensor network approach, we evaluate the average data-flow delay characteristics between sensor and control end-points. We also investigate the "quality of control'' by measuring the conformity of the controlled objective to platform policy specifications (like power limits).
Organotypic keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures on a bilayer gelatin scaffold as a model of skin equivalent. (2003)

The skin consists of epidermis and dermis. In order to develop a biomimetic material for more realistic tissue regeneration, we fabricated a double layer gelatin sponge with different pore sizes by freeze-drying at different temperatures -20 [symbol: see text] and -196 [symbol: see text], respectively. A pseudo microporous structure, which provided the paracrine crosstalk in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions similar to the basement membrane in epidermal-dermal junction was formed between this two compartment. Chrondroitin-6-Sulphate (C-6-S) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were incorporated within the gelatin scaffold to create an appropriate microenvironment for cell proliferation and migration. The mechanical strength of gelatin sponges was improved by cross-linking of gelatin with carbodiimide in 95% ethanol solution two times. The lattice structure and pore sizes were evaluated by SEM to confirm that the interconnected porous structures were retained. We chose a dynamic spinner flask seeding method for more even distribution followed by a culture system in the air-liquid interface cultured for 21 days. Differentiation and phenotypic expression of keratinocytes were investigated by histological analysis and immunohistochemical identification. In this study, we found multiple epidermis-like layers constructed by cultured keratinocytes. It is suggested that the bi-layer scaffolds have the potential to be used as skin equivalents for application in burn wounds. In the future, the qualitative of chemical reagents and in vivo animal model tests will be evaluated.
Recovery of nonferrous metals from scrap automobiles by magnetic fluid levitation (1973)

Ferrofluids are colloidal dispersions of subdomain magnetic solids in carrier liquids. In the presence of a non-homogeneous magnetic field, ferrofluids exert a pressure on immersed nonmagnetic objects in the opposite sense of the field gradient. This pressure force can, when opposite to gravity, levitate objects of higher density than the ferrofluid. This levitation technique can be used to separate solids according to density. Its application to the separation of nonferrous metals from shredded automobiles has been demonstrated on a prototype of a full-scale separator. Its use to recover nonferrous metals from municipal solid wastes also seems practical.
Clot-Targeted Micellar Formulation Improves Anticoagulation Efficacy of Bivalirudin (2014)

Application of anticoagulants remains the primary strategy for prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, high rate of bleeding complications limits their use. The peptide anticoagulant bivalirudin has been reported to exhibit a lower rate of bleeding complications than heparin, and it also has the advantage of not causing thrombocytopenia, which is a problem with heparin. Nonetheless, hemorrhage is the most common complication of bivalirudin therapy, and there is no effective antidote. Here we use a thrombus-binding peptide, CR(NMe)EKA, to accomplish selective delivery of the bivalirudin-carrying micellar nanocarrier to sites of thrombosis. Bivalirudin and CR(NMe)EKA, each with a PEG-lipid tail, spontaneously assembled into 30 nm micelles, which almost completely retained the anticoagulant activity of bivalirudin. The micellar formulations exhibited high stability both in vitro and in vivo. In a thromboplastin-induced mouse thrombosis model, the targeted micelles accumulated in lung thrombi 10-fold more than nontargeted micelles. Moreover, the micellar formulation significantly prolonged the half-life and thereby increased the bioavailability of bivalirudin. The micellar bivalirudin had significantly higher anticoagulant activity than free bivalirudin in both the lung thrombosis model and a ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis model. The specific targeting of thrombi demonstrated here makes it possible to increase the efficacy of bivalirudin as an anticoagulant. Alternatively, the dose could be reduced without loss of efficacy to lower the systemic exposure and improve safety.
A study of the interference potential of spread spectrum clock generation techniques (2002)

A technique to reduce the radiated emissions of digital clock signals and associated harmonics has previously been presented (Hardin et al. 1994). This technique, referred to as spread spectrum clock generation, or SSCG, intentionally broadbands a normally narrowband signal by frequency modulating the trapezoidal clock signal with a unique modulating waveform. As a result of this modulation, the amplitudes of the harmonics of the clock signal can be reduced by as much as 2-22 dB, depending on the frequency of measurement and the frequency deviation. Since the decrease in the amplitudes of the clock harmonics is accomplished by increasing the bandwidth occupied by the harmonics, a number of SSCG clock harmonics may correspond in frequency to an intentionally transmitted signal, such as radio or television. This raises the question of whether SSCG clock generation techniques result in an increase in the interference potential to wideband broadcast receivers as compared to existing clock generation techniques. An additional question which arises is whether existing electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement procedures are appropriate for products utilizing this technology. The paper presents experimental studies of the interference characteristics of SSCG to broadcast receivers, in particular to television receivers. The results indicate that SSCG presents no greater interference potential to television receivers and in the case of the television audio quality, creates significantly less interference than standard clock generation techniques and that existing EMI measurement procedures are appropriate.
Addressing challenges in promoting healthy lifestyles (2017)

Healthy lifestyles promotion is the main objective of primary care interventions, starting from the pediatric age, were overweight is nowadays exposing about one third of children to the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Recent years have seen a blast of mHealth apps for health promotion, targeting in particular nutrition and dietary behaviour change. However, reviews show difficulties in the adoption and effective usage of these applications in telemedicine and by the population in general, due to a lack of evidence-based content and strategies provided (e.g., by commercial apps) or lack of sufficient user engagement with the apps. Nutrition apps typically require self-reporting of food intake by the user which is often seen as a burden and a cause of abandonment of the app. However, current wave of research has taken up the challenge of promoting healthy lifestyles with advances in artificial intelligence (AI). This paper focus on AI chatbots as an innovative approach offering more simplicity and facilitating long-term adherence to health promotion interventions. Conversational assistants provide the advantage of being deployed in smartphones and laptops within a wide variety of applications. We will particularly focus on harnessing the power of intelligent chatbot systems to provide behaviour change interventions in telemedicine for healthy lifestyle promotion. We describe an application scenario for an AI-chatbot delivering support to nutrition education that could help to overcome current limitations of similar mHealth solutions provided for healthy lifestyles and contribute to more effective public health interventions in this application domain.
Using Topic Modeling to Improve Prediction of Neuroticism and Depression in College Students (2013)

We investigate the value-add of topic modeling in text analysis for depression, and for neuroticism as a strongly associated personality measure.Using Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) lexicon to provide baseline features, we show that straightforward topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) yields interpretable, psychologically relevant "themes" that add value in prediction of clinical assessments.
Physico-chemical properties and biological activity of controlled-release granular formulations for the herbicide dicamba (1999)

Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) granular formulations for controlled release (DGFCRs) were prepared with biodegradable polymers, corn starch and pregelatinized starch, to minimize harmful side effects, extend weed control performance, and control the releasing rate of the active ingredient. Physico-chemical properties and biological activity of DGFCRs were studied. Six different granules were formulated by applying two processes, granulation and extrusion. Formulation efficiencies of active ingredient (A.I.) in the granules prepared by granulating and extruding were . Incorporation ratios of A.I. in the granules prepared by granulating and extruding showed and , respectively. The highest swellability was DG-2 formulation prepared with corn starch. Whereas, the lowest floatability in water was DG-2 formulation, while the highest one was DG-1 formulation prepared with pregelatinized starch, Miragel 463. The degradation rates of dicamba in the granules under the elevated temperature of were less than 5% for DG-1 and DG-2 formulations even after 90 days, meanwhile, those of DE-1 formulations prepared with pregelatinized starch, Mirasperse, were more than 5%. The release rates of A.I. from the granules into water under a static condition were about 100% after 2 weeks. Weeding effects of the granules on broad leaf weeds tested in greenhouse were more than 90% after 30 days.
8‐Hydroxyquinolates of Trivalent Metals as New Catalysts for the Reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> with Epoxides. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Assembly of the alpha-toxin-hexamer of Staphylococcus aureus in the liposome membrane. (1987)

It has been shown that the access of the alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus to the target membrane and assembly of the hexamer can be monitored independently by respectively measuring the fluorescence energy transfer from the tryptophan residue(s) of the toxin to the dansylated phosphatidylethanolamine in the liposome membrane and the fluorescence increment of the toxin at 336 nm (Ikigai, H., and Nakae, T., (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 2150-2155). Measurement of these parameters under various conditions showed the following results: when phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes composed of saturated fatty acids were mixed with the toxin, the fluorescence energy transfer occurred below, at, and above the transition temperature of the lipid, but the change of fluorescence at 336 nm was never detectable; when PC-liposomes containing unsaturated fatty acids were used, both the fluorescence energy transfer and the fluorescence increment of 336 nm were observed. These results suggested that the toxin-membrane interaction occurs in PC-membranes containing saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids and that the oligomerization occurs only in the presence of PC containing unsaturated fatty acid(s). This conclusion was supported by the results of quantitative determination of the toxin-hexamer assembly and leakage of carboxyfluorescein from PC-liposomes under conditions similar to the above.