gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIT<sub>1</sub>, a black mamba toxin with a new and highly potent activity on intestinal contraction (1999)

Mamba intestinal toxin (MIT(1)) isolated from Dendroaspis polylepis venom is a 81 amino acid polypeptide cross-linked by five disulphide bridges. MIT(1) has a very potent action on guinea-pig intestinal contractility. MIT(1) (1 nM) potently contracts longitudinal ileal muscle and distal colon, and this contraction is equivalent to that of 40 mM K(+). Conversely MIT(1) relaxes proximal colon again as potently as 40 mM K(+). The MIT(1)-induced effects are antagonised by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) in proximal and distal colon but not in longitudinal ileum. The MIT(1)-induced relaxation of the proximal colon is reversibly inhibited by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 microM). (125)I-labelled MIT(1) binds with a very high affinity to both ileum and brain membranes (K(d)=1.3 pM and 0.9 pM, and B(max)=30 fmol/mg and 26 fmol/mg, respectively). MIT(1) is a very highly selective toxin for a receptor present both in the CNS and in the smooth muscle and which might be an as yet unidentified K(+) channel.
Production and Characterization of Boron-Doped Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

We have synthesized boron-doped single wall carbon nanotubes in a high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system using a new boron precursor. Transmission electron microscopy was used in order to confirm the presence of single wall carbon nanotubes and field emission scanning electron microscopy to allow a qualitative characterization of the produced tubes. To estimate the doping level, we compared the Raman spectra with pure single wall carbon nanotubes and we found an upshifted G band as an evidence of doping. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and ab initio electronic structure calculations reveals the presence of substitutional boron atoms incorporated on the tubes. We have also developed a simple method to determine quantitatively in which temperature range the carbon nanotubes are produced more efficiently by high vacuum CVD.
[Diagnosis and control of progressive atrophic rhinitis] (1994)

The diagnosis of PAR is based mainly upon clinical herd inspections and demonstration of the causal agent, toxigenic P. multocida. Antitoxic antibodies are detectable in the serum of only a part of the infected pigs. Eradication of the disease is achieved by slaughtering the whole herd and repopulating with breeding stock free from toxigenic P. multocida. Treatment, vaccination and improvement of housing and feeding conditions reduce the symptoms and economical losses. The evaluation of PAR vaccines is possible by: 1.vaccinating pregnant sows and observation of their experimentally infected piglets; 2.testing the amount of antitoxin in vaccinated animals by means of serum neutralization in cell culture or blocking ELISA; 3.quantification of toxoid in a vaccine by a sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibodies against formaldehyde resistant epitopes of the P. multocida toxin.
Calcium Orthophosphates: Crystallization and Dissolution (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCalcium Orthophosphates: Crystallization and DissolutionLijun Wang and George H. Nancollas*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 716-645-6800 ext. 2210. Fax: 716-645-6947. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 11, 4628–4669Publication Date (Web):September 25, 2008Publication History Received21 December 2007Published online25 September 2008Published inissue 12 November 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0782574https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0782574review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10514Altmetric-Citations760LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystallization,Crystals,Dissolution,Ions,Nucleation Get e-Alerts
Association of cadmium with diabetes in middle-aged residents of abandoned metal mines (2015)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between urinary cadmium (U-cd) concentration and diabetes in middle-aged Korean residents of abandoned mines using the first Health Effect Surveillance for Residents in Abandoned Metal mines (HESRAM). Methods: This study was cross-sectional study conducted on 719 residents between 40?70 years in 38 abandoned metal mines in Korea. Data was collected by HESRAM from 2008 to 2011. The correlation coefficient of U-cd and fasting blood glucose, odds ratio in urinary cadmium tertiles and diabetes prevalence was analyzed according to the sex category. Results: The correlation coefficient U-cd concentration and fasting blood glucose was 0.182 in male. Logistic regression analysis in male revealed a third tertile odds ratio of U-cd (2 μg/g creatinine Conclusions: Environmental exposure to cadmium in abandoned mine residents was associated with diabetes in male. Closed monitoring and periodic evaluation of the health effects of chronic environmental exposure on abandoned mines residents will be needed.
Simultaneous quantitative determination of multiple analytes with fluorescence‐tagged probes by Immunochromatography (2003)

Immunoassays have become indispensable tools and achieved great importance in scientific and medical research. However, typical immunoassays are time‐consuming and use complex, multi‐step procedures. In this study, we introduce a new immunoassay system for the quantification of several analytes at a time without any washing steps. It is comprised of a detector solution with fluorescence‐labeled antibodies and a test strip with immobilized capture antibodies. Using a micro‐array scanner, the antigen‐anti body complex was quantitatively determined by measuring the intensities of fluorescence on the capture lines or dots of nitrocellulose membrane. This method demonstrated its rapid quantitative determination of analytes without many processing steps as well as specific identification of multiple analytes in biological specimens.
Classification with imbalance: A similarity-based method for predicting respiratory failure (2015)

Binary classification based methods are commonly used for designing predictive models in healthcare. A common problem in many healthcare datasets is that of imbalance, where there are far more observations in one class than the other during training. In such conditions, most classifiers do not have good predictive accuracy with respect to the under-represented class. We design a new similarity-based classifier to learn from imbalanced datasets, wherein input features are transformed using similarity with respect to a chosen subset of training points. We empirically demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over state-of-the-art methods for imbalanced data classification in real and synthetic datasets. We also illustrate the application of our classifier in predicting Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF), a critical complication in Intensive Care Units (ICU), using semi-structured text contained in nursing notes recorded during a patient's ICU stay. Our experiments, on more than 800 patient records show that using our new classifier to learn from text- based features can effectively be used to predict ARF and, potentially, other complications in ICUs.
Changes in c-myc and c-fos expression in a human tumor cell line following exposure to bifunctional alkylating agents. (1990)

This study was initiated to determine if DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents can suppress the expression of oncogenes. The effects of three structurally related bifunctional alkylating agents on the steady state mRNA levels of c-myc, c-fos, N-ras, and beta-actin in the human colon carcinoma cell line Colo320HSR were examined. Colo320HSR has an amplified c-myc oncogene, which is highly overexpressed, and is assumed to be one of the transforming genes of this cell line. Two concentrations of mechlorethamine, L-phenylalanine mustard, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, which produced 1 or 3 log cell kills were used to examine the effects of drug exposure on the expression of specific genes. Steady state mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis. Following a 1-h drug exposure, RNA was isolated from cells at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h following drug removal. The agents used produced changes in the expression of specific genes, and all three did so in a similar fashion. Immediately following drug removal, the steady state expression of c-myc in treated cells was increased 2- to 3-fold compared to control. At 6 and 12 h following drug removal, c-myc levels were depressed 2.5- to 5-fold. By 24 h, c-myc expression approached, but remained below, control levels. Immediately following drug removal, c-fos levels were increased 3- to 4-fold, and from 6 to 24 h following drug removal, c-fos levels gradually return to, or fell below low basal levels. During the 24-h time course, drug treatment had little or no effect on the steady state levels of N-ras or beta-actin. These data support the hypothesis that alkylating agents may suppress the expression of specific transforming genes.
Growth of Pollen Tubes of Papaver rhoeas Is Regulated by a Slow-Moving Calcium Wave Propagated by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate. (1996)

A signaling role for cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in regulating Papaver rhoeas pollen tube growth during the self-incompatibility response has been demonstrated previously. In this article, we investigate the involvement of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway in Ca2+-mediated pollen tube inhibition. We demonstrate that P. rhoeas pollen tubes have a Ca2+-dependent polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activity that is inhibited by neomycin. [Ca2+]i imaging after photolysis of caged inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (Ins[1,4,5]P3) in pollen tubes demonstrated that Ins(1,4,5)P3 could induce Ca2+ release, which was inhibited by heparin and neomycin. Mastoparan, which stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 production, also induced a rapid increase in Ca2+, which was inhibited by neomycin. These data provide direct evidence for the involvement of a functional phosphoinositide signal-transducing system in the regulation of pollen tube growth. We suggest that the observed Ca2+ increases are mediated, at least in part, by Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release. Furthermore, we provide data suggesting that Ca2+ waves, which have not previously been reported in plant cells, can be induced in pollen tubes.
Interaction Between Shelf Layout and Marketing Effectiveness and Its Impact On Optimizing Shelf Arrangements (2006)

textabstractAllocating the proper amount of shelf space to stock keeping units [SKUs] is an increasingly relevant and difficult topic for managers. Shelf space is a scarce resource and it has to be distributed across a larger and larger number of items. It is in particular important because the amount of space allocated to a specific item has a substantial impact on the sales level of that item. This relation between shelf space and sales has been widely documented in the literature. However, besides the amount of space, the exact location of the SKU on the shelf is also an important moderator of sales. At the same time, the effectiveness of marketing instruments of an SKU may also depend on the shelf layout. In practice, retailers recognize that these dependencies exist. However, they often revert to rules of thumb to actually arrange their shelf layout. \nWe propose a new model to optimize shelf arrangements in which we use a complete set of shelf descriptors. The goal of the paper is twofold. First of all, we aim to gain insight into the dependencies of SKU sales and SKU marketing effectiveness on the shelf layout. Second, we use these insights to improve the shelf layout in a practical setting. The basis of our model is a standard sales equation that explains sales from item-specific marketing-effect parameters and intercepts. In a Hierarchical Bayes fashion, we augment this model with a second equation that relates the effect parameters to shelf and SKU descriptors. We estimate the parameters of the two-level model using Bayesian methodology, in particular Gibbs sampling. Next, we optimize the total profit over the shelf arrangement. Using the posterior draws from our Gibbs sampling algorithm, we can generate the probability distribution of sales and profit in the optimization period for any feasible shelf arrangement. To find the optimal shelf arrangement, we use simulated annealing. This heuristic approach has proven to be able to effectively search an enormous solution space. \nOur resul
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OFACCESS RECIRCULATION [AR] AND ACCESS FLOW [Qa] (1997)

Lindsay, R M; Bradfied, E; Rothera, C; Kianfer, C; Malek, P; Blake, P G Author Information
Camouflage and Display for Soft Machines (2012)

Synthetic systems cannot easily mimic the color-changing abilities of animals such as cephalopods. Soft machines--machines fabricated from soft polymers and flexible reinforcing sheets--are rapidly increasing in functionality. This manuscript describes simple microfluidic networks that can change the color, contrast, pattern, apparent shape, luminescence, and surface temperature of soft machines for camouflage and display. The color of these microfluidic networks can be changed simultaneously in the visible and infrared--a capability that organisms do not have. These strategies begin to imitate the functions, although not the anatomies, of color-changing animals.
Fraudulent insurance claims aren't worth the risk : your money (2011)

When Bob Randal applied for vehicle insurance from a short-term insurer, he was asked to have his vehicle inspected at an authorised inspection company as part of the application process. He duly supplied the insurance company with the certificate and started paying his premiums diligently.
A low-profile wide-band three-port isolation amplifier with coreless printed-circuit-board (PCB) transformers (2001)

Galvanic isolations are essential in many electrical patient-monitoring devices and industrial applications. In this paper, a low-profile wideband three-port isolation amplifier using coreless printed-circuit-board (PCB) transformers for isolation is studied. The PCB thickness used in the isolation amplifier is 0.4 mm. The diameters of the two coreless PCB transformers are 9.75 and 5.856 mm, respectively. Operating conditions of the transformers and a design guideline of the isolation amplifier are detailed in this paper. Experimental results show that the isolation amplifier under investigation can transmit an analog signal from 20 mHz to 1.1 MHz with good linearity. Comparison of the prototype with an industrial isolation amplifier is also included.
A histidine to tyrosine replacement in lysosomal acid lipase causes cholesteryl ester storage disease (1994)

The genetic defect causing cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) has been investigated in an 11 year old patient. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity in cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral lymphocytes was reduced to approximately 3% and approximately 4% of controls, respectively. The parents had low acid lipase activity in white blood cells. Using the polymerase chain reaction followed by ribonuclease protection assay, we examined the LAL mRNA from the liver of the affected patient to identify small deletion, abnormal splicing or missense mutation. Using this technique we identified a LAL mRNA cytosine to thymidine transition in position 923, predicting a missense substitution of tyrosine for histidine in codon 274. By differential oligonucleotide hybridization on an amplified white blood cell mRNA, the cytosine to thymidine transition was investigated in the family members and in the population. No normal mRNA coding for cytosine in position 923 was detectable in the propositus and mRNA from the phenotypically normal parents coded for both cytosine and thymidine. This can only be accounted for by assuming that the propositus is homozygote for the mutation. The mutation, segregated in the family with levels of acid lipase activity in white blood cells, was not detected in mRNA from 60 normal subjects. These data provide evidence that the cytosine to thymidine transition in position 923 in LAL mRNA causes the clinical expression of CESD in this patient. The predicted substitution of tyrosine for histidine in codon 274 suggests that this amino acid is involved in the structure-function of the lysosomal acid lipase enzyme.
RAPID SIMULATION OF BOREHOLE NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS WITH APPROXIMATE SPATIAL FLUX-SCATTERING FUNCTIONS (2007)

The Monte Carlo method has been the foremost numerical technique used to simulate borehole nuclear measurements. This is due to its detailed geometrical capabilities, high numerical accuracy, and ability to incorporate specific tool configurations and complex spatial distributions of material properties. Although recent advances in computer technology have considerably reduced the computer time required by Monte Carlo simulations of borehole nuclear measurements, the efficiency of the method is still not sufficient for either inversion techniques or joint interpretation with other borehole measurements. We develop and benchmark fast approximate numerical procedures to simulate neutron and density porosity logs making use of Monte Carlo-derived spatial fluxscattering functions (FSFs) for specific nuclear tool configurations. To this end, we describe the flux at detectors due to particles emitted by the radioactive source with the integral representation of Boltzmann’s transport equation. Subsequently, we use the Monte Carlo Code MCNP to calculate the associated Green’s function and the background particle flux included in the integral form of the transport equation. The solution of the integral equation is approximated with a Born series expansion that includes various orders of interaction between material properties and sources in the calculation of particle flux.
Scalability of Time Synchronized wireless sensor networking (2011)

Existing commercial wireless sensor network solutions use Time-Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) to achieve an end-to-end reliability higher than 99.9% and industry-accepted network lifetime (5-10 years on batteries). In these types of networks, once nodes synchronize, they follow a schedule which determines the time and frequency of the channel that is used to transmit and receive. Standards such as WirelessHART apply this technique. This paper addresses the ability to scale such a scheduling approach for specific applications. Specifically, this paper demonstrates the ability to create a successful schedule for a network consisting of 10,000 nodes within a 0.1 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area, an equivalent density to one million nodes, deployed in a 10 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. Each node reports a sampled measurement every 10s. Such environmental requirements are common for industrial plants, where individual elements are equipped with various sensors (e.g., vibration, pressure, temperature, flow, tank level and corrosion). Given these typical network densities and empirical propagation models, we develop a targeted open-source end-to-end network and packet simulator to model mote position, connectivity and routing to create a schedule which yields collision-free network operation. We show that such a schedule can be built, and determine the minimal number of sink nodes needed in such a network. The schedule is verified by packet flow simulation to assess expected packet reliability, delay and power consumption.
Anomaly detection for health management of aircraft gas turbine engines (2005)

This paper presents a comparison of different pattern recognition algorithms to identify slow time scale anomalies for health management of aircraft gas turbine engines. A new tool of anomaly detection, based on symbolic dynamics and information theory, is compared with traditional pattern recognition tools of principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Time series data of the observed variables on the fast time scale are analyzed at slow time scale epochs for early detection of anomalies. The time series data are obtained from a generic engine simulation model. Health monitoring of gas turbine engines based on these techniques is discussed.
Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Side Chain Polymers in an Electric Field (1983)

Abstract Liquid crystalline-side chain copolymers are compared with analogous liquid crystalline mixtures. The polymers can be homogenously oriented by surface effects such as low molar mass mixtures. These substances were investigated using an electric field to study their regularities. The constitution and the concentration of polar guest molecules in copolymers and analogous mixtures were varied. The threshold voltages of polymer and monomer systems altered in the same way and are of the same order of magnitude. If the spacer length of the liquid crystalline-side chain polymer was shortened, an increase in the threshold voltage was observed. Investigations of the threshold voltage indicate that the behavior of the mesogenic side groups of the polymers is similar to that of low molar mass liquid crystals if the spacer is sufficiently long. Optical response times were much greater than those for conventional liquid crystals, due to the high viscosities of the polymers.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Cell Wall Xylans and Arabinoxylans (2005)

Two rat monoclonal antibodies have been generated to plant cell wall (1-->4)-beta-D-xylans using a penta-1,4-xylanoside-containing neoglycoprotein as an immunogen. The monoclonal antibodies, designated LM10 and LM11, have different specificities to xylans in relation to the substitution of the xylan backbone as indicated by immunodot assays and competitive-inhibition ELISAs. LM10 is specific to unsubstituted or low-substituted xylans, whereas LM11 binds to wheat arabinoxylan in addition to unsubstituted xylans. Immunocytochemical analyses indicated the presence of both epitopes in secondary cell walls of xylem but differences in occurrence in other cell types.