gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DKK1 as a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. (2013)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Most cases of HCC are secondary to either a viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis secondary to chronic alcoholism (1). Etiological factors for HCC vary widely depending on geographic location. In regions where Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic, such as the eastern hemisphere, this is uniformly the most common cause (2). It is estimated that chronic HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for an estimated 78% of global HCC cases (3).
A Model of Subretinal Neovascularization in the Pigmented Rat (1989)

We produced krypton laser photocoagulation lesions of mild to moderate whiteness in the posterior retinas of one eye of 23 pigmented rats, and identical appearing argon laser burns in the fellow eyes. We observed foci of subretinal neovascularization, histopathologically markedly similar to that which occurs in several human retinal diseases, in the krypton laser treated eyes of 6 of the 14 rats that were followed for one to three months after photocoagulation. No such lesions were observed in the argon laser treated fellow eyes, nor in krypton or argon laser treated eyes examined earlier than one month after photocoagulation. The photocoagulation damaged only the choriocapillaris, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the photoreceptor layer. In the acute lesions, we did not observe ruptures in Bruch's membrane. The neovascularization was surrounded by multiple layers of RPE cells, a histopathologic finding that has also been reported in some human eyes with subretinal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. These observations suggest that the RPE cells may be modifying the proliferative behavior of adjacent choroidal capillaries. This model differs from previous models of subretinal neovascularization in primates, and may be useful for additional studies of this important pathological process.
A TIME STUDY OF EVENTS IN THE LIFE SPAN OF DAPHNIA MAGNA (1942)

Hourly observations were made on 159 Daphnia magna individually reared in manure-soil medium at 25° C. throughout their whole life span. The number of pre-adult instars varied from four to six, the most frequent number being five. The average longevity was approximately 960 hours or 17 instars. In general the duration of the instars increases with age. The pre-adult instars with the exception of the last require about a day, the final taking about 30 to 32 hours. Beginning with the first adult the instars last approximately two days and increase slightly with each instar. The number of young produced increases with each adult instar up to the fifth, followed by a decrease. The use of the number of young produced as an index of the general metabolic condition of a daphnid is analysed and believed justified. The brooding periods, i.e. the time between the deposition of eggs and their subsequent release as young, vary with the duration of the instars. The need for a more readily controllable and reproducible culture medium is pointed out.
A randomized, double‐blind, phase <scp>III</scp> , multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of <scp>BF</scp> ‐200 <scp>ALA</scp> (Ameluz <sup>®</sup> ) vs. placebo in the field‐directed treatment of mild‐to‐moderate actinic keratosis with photodynamic therapy (PDT) when using the <scp>BF</scp> ‐Rhodo <scp>LED</scp> <sup>®</sup> lamp (2016)

Field-directed therapy with BF-200 ALA and BF-RhodoLED lamp is highly effective and well tolerated for multiple mild-to-moderate AK lesions, providing greatly improved skin quality.
The effect of substrate cycling on the ATP yield of sperm glycolysis. (1983)

The conversion of glucose to lactate via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway yields a maximum of 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose degraded with lesser amounts of ATP obtained if metabolic intermediates are removed for biosynthesis or if substrate cycling occurs during carbohydrate degradation. Bull sperm are an ideal test system for a quantitative estimate of ATP yield because they contain enzymes necessary for potential substrate cycling and do not carry out significant biosynthesis. Experiments utilized specifically labeled glucose and fructose to test for substrate cycling between glucose in equilibrium glucose-6-PO4, fructose in equilibrium fructose-6-PO4, and fructose-6-PO4 in equilibrium bisphosphate. Flux through the pathway (low = less than or equal to 0.05; moderate = 0.1; high = greater than 0.5 mol of carbohydrate consumed per h/10(8) cells) was altered by changing incubation temperature and/or by adding metabolic effectors. The data (in situ rates of kinases and phosphatases and metabolite crossover plots) obtained under these conditions were used to establish if the generally accepted regulatory enzymes (hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) approach the overall flux through the glycolytic pathway, i.e. that of a classical kinetically limiting rate-determining step. In summary: (a) At low flux, the rates of phosphorylation greatly exceeded overall flux. This resulted in extensive substrate cycling at all points and a net ATP yield of less than or equal to 0 mol/mol of glucose initially phosphorylated. (b) At moderate flux, rate of hexokinase approached that of overall flux through the glycolytic pathway but excessive phosphofructokinase activity led to substrate cycling between fructose-6-PO4 and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and resulted in a low net ATP yield (0-0.6 mol/mol of glucose). (c) At high flux, rates of phosphofructokinase and hexokinase approached that of the overall flux. Minimal substrate cycling occurred between fructose-6-PO4 and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and the net ATP yield approached 1.8 mol/mol of glucose. These experiments established that the theoretical stoichiometric ATP yield of the pathway was rarely achieved during these incubations because of extensive substrate cycling. Indeed, for cauda epididymal bull sperm isolated and incubated in vitro, the glycolytic pathway serves to generate lactate, an intermediate product that is further metabolized in the mitochondria to yield the ATP that is associated with degradation of exogenous carbohydrate.
Actinomadura namibiensis sp. nov. (2003)

Strain HAG 010767(T) was isolated from desert soil from Namibia during a screening programme. On the basis of analysis of 16S rDNA, the principal amino acid of the peptidoglycan, cell-wall sugars, fatty acids and polar lipids, it was possible to identify this strain as a member of the genus Actinomadura. Although DNA-DNA reassociation experiments revealed 72% DNA similarity between strain HAG 010767(T) and Actinomadura kijaniata DSM 43764(T), significant differences in the colour of the mycelium and physiological properties indicate that strain HAG 010767(T) represents a novel species of this genus, for which the name Actinomadura namibiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain HAG 010767(T) (= DSM 44197(T) = NRRL B-24153(T)).
Identification of a new metabolite of macrolide immunosuppressant, like rapamycin and SDZ RAD, using high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (2000)

Previously unknown metabolites from the two macrolide immunosuppressants rapamycin (sirolimus) and SDZ RAD [40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin] obtained after in vitro incubation with human liver microsomes have been purified. Structure elucidation was performed by nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry applying low energy collision activated dissociation. This ionization method is, as shown here, a powerful tool to determine metabolic pathways by analysis of even low abundance products. Product ion spectra of the isolated metabolites indicate a new kind of biotransformation reaction for rapamycin and SDZ RAD. The proposed metabolic pathway starts with an ester hydrolysis which leads to a ring-opened structure. A dehydration on C33-C34 and a supplementary hydrogenation at C33-C34 result in a structure similar to the ring-opened isomer with an single bond at C33-C34.
Adding Gestures to Ordinary Mouse Use: a New Input Modality for Improved Human-Computer Interaction (2007)

Although the way we interact with computers is substantially the same since twenty years based on keyboard, mouse and window metaphor-machine perception could be usefully exploited to enhance the human-computer communication process. In this paper, we present a vision-based user interface where plain, static hand gestures performed nearby the mouse are interpreted as specific input commands. Our tests demonstrate that this new input modality does not interfere with ordinary mouse use and can speed up task execution, while not requiring too much attention from the user.
On the use of multiple antenna arrays and corner reflector assemblies in radio positioning applications (1986)

Modern radio positioning systems often use multiple-antenna arrays or corner reflector arrays in order to increase the system range. A theoretical investigation of the movement of the antenna phase center on these arrays is carried out, and the resulting distance error is presented for several array configurations.
Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-lactalbumin in phylloid tumor tissues. (1991)

The concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-lactalbumin in tumor tissue cytosol were analyzed in a group of 19 tumors of cystosarcoma phyllodes type. Both antigens were also localized in the tissue of identical tumors by means of immunohistochemical procedure. The cytosol levels of both proteins were found to be higher in the histologically defined malignant type of phylloid tumors. This group was also characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of both antigens. We did not manage to prove any relationship between the presence of alpha-lactalbumin and the steroid hormone receptor positivity in tumor tissue.
A location‐based service advertisement algorithm for pervasive service discovery in wireless mobile networks (2008)

Abstract The practical success of pervasive services running in mobile wireless networks relies largely on its flexibility in providing adaptive and cost‐effective services. Service discovery is an essential mechanism to achieve this goal. As an enhancement to our previous work for service discovery, that is, model‐based service discovery (MBSD), this paper proposes a location‐based service advertisement (SA) algorithm named as MBSD‐sa. MBSD‐sa advocates the importance of service location to the service availability and integrates the service location information together with the service semantic information into service information for advertisement. MBSD‐sa utilizes prediction to estimate the service location so as to reduce the number of SA messages (SAMs). Two complementary types of SA mechanisms (Types 1 and 2) are employed by MBSD‐sa to strike the balance between the SAM overhead and the accuracy of service information. The performance of MBSD‐sa is analyzed both numerically and using simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phorbol ester- and protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the cellular Kirsten ras gene product. (1987)

The effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on the phosphorylation of the ras p21 protein was studied by metabolically labeling cultured cells with [32P]orthophosphate and using a monoclonal antibody to immunoprecipitate the protein. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nM) induced phosphorylation of cKi-ras p21 in a mouse adrenocortical cell line (Yl) expressing high levels of cKi-ras with exon 4B. Phosphorylation was detected at 10 min and was maximal at 2 h. The ras protein was not phosphorylated in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in NIH 3T3 cells expressing activated cHa-ras or vHa-ras. In vitro, protein kinase C phosphorylated cKi-ras in a phosphatidylserine and diolein-dependent manner. Both in intact cells and in vitro the amino acid phosphorylated was serine. Analysis of p21 from NIH 3T3 cells expressing a variety of ras proteins indicated that phosphorylation occurs within a domain encoded by exon 4B of cKi-ras. Phosphorylation affected neither the binding nor the GTPase activity of the ras protein. We conclude that cKi-ras is a substrate for protein kinase C and that the site of phosphorylation is likely to be serine 181 encoded by exon 4B.
A programmable low-voltage micropower CMOS input stage architecture (2002)

A very simple CMOS rail-to-rail, constant-g/sub m/ opamp input stage architecture is presented. The constant-g/sub m/ is achieved by processing signal currents rather than DC bias currents. As a result, the architecture is universal in that it operates in both weak and strong inversion regions with small variations in g/sub m/.
Kidney transplantation under FK 506 (1990)

The experimental immunosuppressive drug FK 506 was given to 36 renal transplant recipients, many of whom were highly sensitized.Ten were undergoing kidney retransplantation, 10 also underwent liver transplantation at an earlier time (6 patients) or concomitantly (4 patients), and 2 patients received a third organ (heart or pancreas) in addition to a liver and kidney.With follow-ups of 4 to 13 months, all but 2 of the 36 patients are alive, 29 (81 %) are dialysis free, and most have good renal function.Twenty of the 29 dialysis-free patients are receiving no or low-dose (2.5 to 5.0 mg/d) prednisone therapy.Only one kidney was lost to cellular rejection.However, patients who had antidonor cytotoxic antibodies in current or historical serum samples had a high rate (3 of 9) of irreversible humoral rejection.A low incidence of posttransplant hypertension was noteworthy.Hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia were not observed.Serum cholesterol levels in patients who took FK 506 were unexpectedly low, and the effect on the level of uric acid was minimal.The side effects of FK 506 therapy include nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and potential induction of a diabetic state.These are similar to the side effects of cyclosporine use, but probably less severe.The seeming safety, efficacy, and relative freedom from side effects of FK 506 encourage further trials in kidney transplantation.
Traffic Characteristics and Communication Patterns in Blogosphere (2006)

We present a thorough characterization of the access patterns in blogspace – a fast-growing constituent of the content available through the Internet – which comprises a rich interconnected web of blog postings and comments by an increasingly prominent user community that collectively define what has become known as the blogosphere. Our characterization of over 35million read, write, and administrative requests spanning a 28-day period is done from three different blogosphere perspectives. The server view characterizes the aggregate access patterns of all users to all blogs; the user view characterizes how individual users interact with blogosphere objects (blogs); the object view characterizes how individual blogs are accessed. Our findings support two important conclusions. First, we show that the nature of interactions between users and objects is fundamentally different in blogspace than that observed in traditional web content. Access to objects in blogspace could be conceived as part of an interaction between an author and its readership. As we show in our work, such interactions range from one-to-many “broadcast-type” and many-to-one “registration-type ” communication between an author and its readers, to multi-way, iterative “parlortype” dialogues among members of an interest group. This more-interactive nature of the blogosphere leads to interesting traffic and communication patterns, which are different from those observed in traditional web content. Second, we identify and characterize novel features of the blogosphere workload, and we investigate the similarities and differences between typical web server workloads and blogosphere server workloads. Given the increasing share of blogspace traffic, understanding such differences is important for capacity planning and traffic engineering purposes, for example. 1.
On-line measurement of chlorobenzene in waste incineration flue gas as a surrogate for the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (I-TEQ) using mobile resonance laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1999)

Mobile resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) was applied for on-line detection of surrogates for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) in the flue gas of an industrial hazardous waste incineration plant (thermal power: 22 MW). Conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) measurements have been performed to establish an indicator relation between the best suited surrogate (monochlorobenzene) and the PCDD/F concentration in the flue gas (measured in international toxicity equivalents, I-TEQ). The indicator relation allows the estimation of the actual PCDD/F emission from the on-line registered MCBz signal. Furthermore, several other aromatic components have been measured on-line. During transient instabilities of the combustion conditions, e.g. due to barrel uptake, highly dynamic changes in the emission profiles of substituted benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were observed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact modeling of BJT self-heating in SPICE (1993)

Self-heating effects in bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) have been incorporated into PSpice DC and AC analyses. The effects are intrinsic to the operation of the transistor, and are treated within the device model, avoiding the need for thermal subcircuits. A physical thermal impedance model is provided, which allows prediction of the thermal impedance for devices with rectangular emitters from device geometry. A simple approximation is used to predict thermal frequency response. The predictive model can be overridden by measured thermal model parameters. The modifications made to the PSpice code are presented, along with some discussion of implementation alternatives. An example simulation is presented, demonstrating the significance of thermal effects in a typical circuits. Run-time comparisons show that the modified code is about half the speed of unmodified PSPice, mostly because of slower convergence. It is believed that this performance can be improved with suggested implementation changes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of power distribution systems for high-performance microprocessors (1999)

This paper presents approximate techniques for building models and simulating the response of power distribution systems for high-performance microprocessors. Several distributed equivalent SPICE circuit models were built by extracting the appropriate resistance, inductance, capacitance (RLC) component values using a combination of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) quasi-static field solvers. They were used to assess how well such effects as system transfer impedance and transient characteristics can be predicted. The models include the chip, its controlled collapsed chip connection (C4) connections to the package, the power distribution structure in the package, connector and motherboard. It is found that the response of the entire power system can be treated as a second order system, by which the main features of the performance of the power delivery network are assessed. Samples of transient and frequency domain data for typical microprocessors are given and the effects of some design options are discussed, as are the tradeoffs in model complexity versus the gain of useful design information.
The reaction of β‐aminoenones with substituted acetonitriles. Regiospecific synthesis of 2(1H)‐pyridones (1987)

Abstract Unsymmetrically substituted β‐aminoenones react with malononitrile, cyanomethylphenylsulfone, benzoyl‐acetonitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate, in very mild conditions, to yield regiospecifically 3‐functionalized 2(1 H )‐pyridones in high yields.
Residents Report on Adverse Events and Their Causes (2005)

These findings support the perception that AEs are commonly encountered by physicians and often associated with errors. Causes of errors in teaching hospitals appear to be multifactorial, and a variety of measures are necessary to improve safety. Eliciting residents' perspectives is important because residents may perceive events, actions, and causal relationships that medical record reviewers or observers cannot.
Volumetric shape description of range data using “Blobby Model” (1991)

Recently in the field of computer vision, there have been many attempts to obtain a symbolic shape description of an object by fitting simple primitives to the range data of the object. In this paper, we introduce the "Blobby Model" for automatically generating a shape description from range data. This model can express a 3D surface as an isosurface of a scalar field which is produced by a number of field generating primitives. The fields from many primitives are blended with each other and can form a very complicated shape. To determine the number and distribution of primitives required to adequately represent a complex 3D surface, an energy function is minimized which measures the shape difference between the range data and the "Blobby Model". We start with a single primitive and introduce more primitives by splitting each primitive into two further primitives so as to reduce the energy value. In this manner, the shape of the 3D object is slowly recovered as the isosurface produced by many primitives. We have successfully applied this method to human face range data and typical results are shown. The method herein does not require any prior range segmentation.
Predicting the Restenosis Benefit of Drug-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2011)

A predictive model using commonly collected variables can identify patients who may derive the greatest benefit in TVR reduction from DES. Whether use of the model improves the safety and cost-effectiveness of DES use should be tested prospectively.
The distal carboxyl-terminal domains of ADAMTS13 are required for regulation of in vivo thrombus formation (2008)

ADAMTS13 is a multidomain protease that limits platelet thrombogenesis through the cleavage of von Willebrand factor (VWF). We previously identified 2 types of mouse Adamts13 gene: the 129/Sv-strain Adamts13 gene encodes the long-form ADAMTS13 having the same domains as human ADAMTS13, whereas the C57BL/6-strain Adamts13 gene encodes the short-form ADAMTS13 lacking the distal C-terminal domains. To assess the physiologic significance of the distal C-terminal domains of ADAMTS13, we generated and analyzed 129/Sv-genetic background congenic mice (Adamts13(S/S)) that carry the short-form ADAMTS13. Similar to wild-type 129/Sv mice (Adamts13(L/L)), Adamts13(S/S) did not have ultralarge VWF multimers in plasma, in contrast to 129/Sv-genetic background ADAMTS13-deficient mice (Adamts13(-/-)). However, in vitro thrombogenesis under flow at a shear rate of 5000 s(-1) was accelerated in Adamts13(S/S) compared with Adamts13(L/L). Both in vivo thrombus formation in ferric chloride-injured arterioles and thrombocytopenia induced by collagen plus epinephrine challenge were more dramatic in Adamts13(S/S) than in Adamts13(L/L) but less than in Adamts13(-/-). These results suggested that the C-terminally truncated ADAMTS13 exhibited decreased activity in the cleavage of VWF under high shear rate. Role of the C-terminal domains may become increasingly important under prothrombotic conditions.