gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of nitric oxide in tumor growth. (1995)

A subclone of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1, which grew reproducibly as subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, was isolated. Such cells, when engineered to generate nitric oxide (NO) continuously, grew more slowly in vitro than the wild-type parental cells. This growth retardation was reversed by the addition of N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine. In nude mice, however, the tumors from these cells grew faster than those derived from wild-type cells and were markedly more vascularized, suggesting that NO may act as part of a signaling cascade for neovascularization. Recent observations that the generation of NO in human breast and gynecological cancers correlates positively with tumor grade are consistent with this hypothesis. We suggest that NO may have a dual pro- and antitumor action, depending on the local concentration of the molecule.
Alteration of the actin-based cytoskeleton by rabies virus. (1997)

We investigated the effect of rabies virus infection on the actin cytoskeleton using various techniques. Confocal microscopic examination of rabies virus-infected neuroblastoma cells at late stages of infection revealed a dramatic decrease in F-actin staining. The results of a fluorimetric assay with pyrenylated actin indicated that purified rabies virus nucleocapsid has no direct action on the kinetics of actin polymerization and only a weak effect on the final extent of polymerization. Video-microscopy experiments with purified components showed that rabies virus nucleocapsid inhibits the actin-bundling effect induced by dephospho-synapsin I, a neuron-specific protein which is known to exert a control on the actin-based cytoskeleton. Thus, the observed decrease in F-actin staining in infected cells might be ascribed to an indirect action of rabies nucleocapsid on the effects of actin-binding proteins such as synapsin I.
Oxidation Phenomena in Semiconducting BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (1965)

The effects of sintering ambient and cooling procedure on the electrical resistivity of Gd-doped polycrystalline BaTiO 3 have been investigated. Effects of thermal annealing in air on the resistivity-temperature characteristic have been also studied, of Gd-doped specimens as well as reduced BaTiO 3 both in polycrystalline and single crystal forms. The specimens sintered in nitrogen or those sintered and followed by quenching in air have been found to be semiconducting in a wide range of Gd content (0.2∼1.0 atomic %). The high resistivity of highly doped specimens, obtained by the usual sintering process, results from the oxidation during cooling in air. The resistivity anomaly at the Curie point of some reduced single crystals is shown to be surface effect. The PTC anomaly of resistivity in polycrystalline materials may be due to oxidized grain boundary. The oxygen partial pressure during cooling is more effective for the PTC anomaly than that during sintering.
Optical Stimulation of the Facial Nerve: A New Monitoring Technique? (2007)

The experiments showed that selective muscle action potentials can be evoked optically in the gerbil facial nerve without direct physical contact.
From ultra-soft slime to hard  -keratins: The many lives of intermediate filaments (2009)

Intermediate filaments are filaments 10 nm in diameter that make up an important component of the cytoskeleton in most metazoan taxa. They are most familiar for their role as the fibrous component of α-keratins such as skin, hair, nail, and horn but are also abundant within living cells. Although they are almost exclusively intracellular in their distribution, in the case of the defensive slime produced by hagfishes, they are secreted. This article surveys the impressive diversity of biomaterials that animals construct from intermediate filaments and will focus on the mechanisms by which the mechanical properties of these materials are achieved. Hagfish slime is a dilute network of hydrated mucus and compliant intermediate filament bundles with ultrasoft material properties. Within the cytoplasm of living cells, networks of intermediate filaments form soft gels whose elasticity arises via entropic mechanisms. Single intermediate filaments or bundles are also elastic, but substantially stiffer, exhibiting modulus values similar to that of rubber. Hard α-keratins like wool are stiffer still, an effect that is likely achieved via dehydration of the intermediate filaments in these epidermal appendages. The diverse mechanisms described here have been employed by animals to generate materials with stiffness values that span an impressive eleven orders of magnitude.
Study on Nickel Chrom-Iron Alloy Film by Means of The Pulse Multi-arc Ion Source (1999)

In this paper, a new technique plating the nickel chrome iron alloy film by means of the pulse multi arc ion source is introduced. In research work, the plating technology of the film with this technique is obtained and the property of the film is measured. Result indicated that:the technology parameters, the technique, the uniformity and firmity of the film is appropriate. The error of the composition content between the film material and the cathode material of the pulse multi arc ion source is less than±3%. The film accords with actual demands.
A general framework for sampling on the medial axis of the free space (2004)

We propose a general framework for sampling the configuration space in which randomly generated configurations, free or not, are retracted onto the medial axis of the free space. Generalizing our previous work, this framework provides a template encompassing all possible retraction approaches. It also removes the requirement of exactly computing distance metrics thereby enabling application to more realistic high dimensional problems. In particular, our framework supports methods that retract a given configuration exactly or approximately onto the medial axis. As in our previous work, exact methods provide fast and accurate retraction in low (2 or 3) dimensional space. We also propose new approximate methods that can be applied to high dimensional problems, such as many DOF articulated robots. Theoretical and experimental results show improved performance on problems requiring traversal of narrow passages. We also study tradeoffs between accuracy and efficiency for different levels of approximation, and how the level of approximation effects the quality of the resulting roadmap.
Influence of Salt on the Quality of Reduced Fat Cheddar Cheese (1998)

Cream was homogenized in a two-stage homogenizer (17.25 MPa in the first stage and 3.43 MPa in the second stage); blended with skim milk to produce milk containing 1.25% fat, which was pasteurized (63 degrees C for 30 min); and then manufactured into reduced fat Cheddar cheese. After milling, the curd was divided into three equal portions of 13 kg each. Three salting rates, 2.3, 3.8, and 5%, yielded cheeses with 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0% salt and 2.7, 3.7, and 4.5% salt in the moisture phase. Cheese moisture contents ranged from 45% (2.0% salt) to 47.7% (1.3% salt), and fat contents ranged from 14.6 to 15.1%. In the texture profile analysis, the hardness and fracturability of the cheeses increased as the salt content increased. Both parameters decreased during ripening, but cheeses with 4.5% salt in the moisture phase remained the hardest. Cheeses with the most salt had the least desirable body characteristics, but there were no differences in flavor. Intensity of bitterness was lowered as the amount of salt in cheese increased. During ripening, the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased more slowly in cheese with 2.7% salt in the moisture phase than in those with 3.7 or 4.5% salt in the moisture phase. As the salt content increased, proteolysis and the general rate of ripening decreased. Degradation of alpha s-casein was reduced by higher percentages of salt, but no differences were found in the degradation of beta-casein.
Power Factor and Vulcanization (1951)

Abstract Over a wide range of curing systems electrical power factor was found to increase as combination with sulfur proceeded. The main experimental results were obtained at nine megacycles frequency and laboratory temperature, using a Q-meter for the electrical measurements. Some experiments were also carried out through frequency and temperature range. Analysis of the data shows that no simple conversion factor can change electrical power factor into combined sulfur, indicating that the electrical losses are affected by the type of combination with sulfur. The omission of zinc oxide causes a marked increase in the rate of change of power factor with combined sulfur. Dipole moments have been calculated from the slopes of these correlation curves, assuming monosulfide —S— when zinc oxide was not included in the mix and disulfide —S—S— when zinc oxide was present. Reasonable agreement has been obtained with experimental data on simpler compounds, e.g. , dilauryl mono- and disulfides. The experimental technique has provided an analytical tool with possible applications both to problems of factory control of cure and to checking theories of vulcanization.
Utilization of Resist Stencil Lithography for Multidimensional Fabrication on a Curved Surface (2018)

The limited ability to fabricate nanostructures on nonplanar rugged surfaces has severely hampered the applicability of many emerging technologies. Here we report a resist stencil lithography based approach for in situ fabrication of multidimensional nanostructures on both planar and uneven substrates. By using the resist film as a flexible stencil to form a suspending membrane with predesigned patterns, a variety of nanostructures have been fabricated on curved or uneven substrates of diverse morphologies on demand. The ability to realize 4 in. wafer scale fabrication of nanostructures as well as line width resolution of sub-20 nm is also demonstrated. Its extraordinary capacity is highlighted by the fabrication of three-dimensional wavy nanostructures with diversified cell morphologies on substrates of different curvatures. A robust general scheme is also developed to construct various complex 3D nanostructures. The use of conventional resists and processing ensures the versatility of the method. Such an in situ lithography technique has offered exciting possibilities to construct nanostructures with high dimensionalities that can otherwise not be achieved with existing nanofabrication methods.
Axon extension in the fast and slow lanes: Substratum‐dependent engagement of myosin II functions (2007)

Axon extension involves the coordinated regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Actin filaments drive protrusion of filopodia and lamellipodia while microtubules invade the growth cone, thereby providing structural support for the nascent axon. Furthermore, in order for axons to extend the growth cone must attach to the substratum. Previous work indicates that myosin II activity inhibits the advance of microtubules into the periphery of growth cones, and myosin II has also been implicated in mediating integrin-dependent cell attachment. However, it is not clear how the functions of myosin II in regulating substratum attachment and microtubule advance are integrated during axon extension. We report that inhibition of myosin II function decreases the rate of axon extension on laminin, but surprisingly promotes extension rate on polylysine. The differential effects of myosin II inhibition on axon extension rate are attributable to myosin II having the primary function of mediating substratum attachment on laminin, but not on polylysine. Conversely, on polylysine the primary function of myosin II is to inhibit microtubule advance into growth cones. Thus, the substratum determines the role of myosin II in axon extension by controlling the functions of myosin II that contribute to extension.
The Nitrogen Detector in Gas Chromatography (1978)

The flameless alkali sensitized detector and the ECD have excellent response characteristics for the general detection of nitrogen-containing compounds. Choosing between these detectors is not a simple matter since they have both advantages and disadvantages. The FASD usually exhibits an order of magnitude of greater sensitivity than the ECD. Although it is very sensitive, it is not totally selective for nitrogen. It also responds to phosphorus, and the phosphorus response is normally about ten times greater than the nitrogen response. The response depends upon the condition of the source and may require frequent adjustments of the source temperature to minimize source aging effects. Response of this detector is dependent upon the structure of the compound and is therefore difficult to predict.
VisTrails: Enabling Interactive Multiple-View Visualizations (2006)

VisTrails is a new system that enables interactive multiple-view visualizations by simplifying the creation and maintenance of visualization pipelines, and by optimizing their execution. It provides a general infrastructure that can be combined with existing visualization systems and libraries. A key component of VisTrails is the visualization trail (vistrail), a formal specification of a pipeline. Unlike existing dataflow-based systems, in VisTrails there is a clear separation between the specification of a pipeline and its execution instances. This separation enables powerful scripting capabilities and provides a scalable mechanism for generating a large number of visualizations. VisTrails also leverages the vistrail specification to identify and avoid redundant operations. This optimization is especially useful while exploring multiple visualizations. When variations of the same pipeline need to be executed, substantial speedups can be obtained by caching the results of overlapping subsequences of the pipelines. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of VisTrails, and show its effectiveness in different application scenarios.
When Hypothermia Meets Hypotension and Hyperglycemia: The Diverse Effects of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate on Cerebral Ischemia in Rats (2009)

Mild hypothermia renders potent neuroprotection against acute brain injury. Recent reports show that adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) plays a role in thermoregulation and induces hypothermia in mice. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether AMP induces hypothermia in rats and to study its collective effects on cerebral ischemia induced by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion. An intraperitoneal injection of AMP induced hypothermia dose-dependently. At the dose of 4 mmol/kg, AMP induced promising mild hypothermia for 2.5 h. Unexpectedly, the AMP-induced hypothermia failed to reduce infarct volume after brain ischemia; instead, it exaggerated the ischemic damage, indicated by an increased infarct volume, as well as increased incidences of hemorrhagic transformation, seizure, and animal death. Physiologic parameter monitoring revealed that AMP causes profound hypotension, leading to cerebral hypoperfusion. Furthermore, AMP administration resulted in severe hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hypocalcemia. In addition, western blots showed early dephosphorylation and degradation of AMP-activated kinase in the ischemic cortex in AMP-treated rats. Taken together, our findings suggest that AMP induces hypothermia in rats, probably by limiting cellular access to glucose. However, the potential neuroprotection of AMP-mediated hypothermia against ischemia was overwhelmed by the detrimental effects of hypotension and hyperglycemia, thus making AMP an unlikely agent for inducing hypothermia to protect the brain against ischemic injury.
Quantificação mineralógica de bauxita boehmítica por difração de raios X (2014)

A quantificação de boehmita em bauxita é de fundamental importância para a determinação da temperatura de digestão no processo Bayer, mas não existe, na literatura, nenhum método rápido e confiável, para se realizar essa determinação. Portanto, nesse trabalho, utilizou-se a difração de raios X, para se realizar a quantificação de boehmita, gibbsita, hematita e goethita em bauxita. Uma amostra de bauxita, oriunda de Gana e contendo 45% de gibbsita e 43% de boehmita, foi submetida a uma lixiviação cáustica a 160ºC, para a remoção da gibbsita. O resíduo da lixiviação, completamente isento de gibbsita, foi tratado com o sistema ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato, para a remoção dos oxi-hidróxidos de ferro, resultando em uma amostra contendo cerca de 85%-89% de boehmita e 9% de TiO2. Curvas de calibração correlacionando as intensidades dos picos de difração com os teores das fases mineralógicas foram obtidas, para padrões preparados pela mistura de quantidades conhecidas de gibbsita, hematita e goethita com a amostra purificada de bauxita. Correlações significativas foram obtidas para os planos cristalográficos (020), (051), (002) e (251) da boehmita; (110), (200), (11-2) e (024) da gibbsita; (012), (024) e (110) da hematita; e (110) e (021) da goethita. Essas correlações podem ser utilizadas, para se quantificar o teor dessas fases em amostras semelhantes de bauxita.
Photonic-Band-Gap Resonator Gyrotron (2001)

We report the design and experimental demonstration of a gyrotron oscillator using a photonic-band-gap (PBG) structure to eliminate mode competition in a highly overmoded resonator. The PBG cavity supports a TE(041)-like mode at 140 GHz and is designed to have no competing modes over a minimum frequency range delta omega/omega of 30% about the design mode. Experimental operation of a PBG gyrotron at 68 kV and 5 A produced 25 kW of peak power in the design mode. No other modes were observed over the full predicted operating range about the design mode. PBG cavities show great promise for applications in vacuum electron devices in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave bands.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Mo-containing Stellite Alloys Produced by three Dimensional Printing (2016)

Stellite materials are widely used in demanding conditions such as corrosion and high- load wear components. The ability to develop cobalt-chrome based components by means of three-dimensional printing may increase their performance as well as enable the use of these wear-resistant materials in new applications. In this study, we use the binder jetting method to manufacture cobalt-chrome based articles using powders with various characteristics. The final components showed theoretical densities above critical limits, which correlated well with the microstructural characterization and mechanical properties. In addition, abrasion experiments showed higher wear resistance for the 3D printed parts compared to as-cast components, which was attributed to differences in the microstructure.
On stopping criteria for Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2008)

A stopping criterion for short-length low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) is developed based on accumulating evidence which indicates whether the decoder should be allowed to iterate beyond a predefined iteration limit that is lower than the normal maximum number of decoder iterations. Without any additional decoding complexity, we find that the average number of iterations at low SNRs can be reduced without sacrificing performance. Simulation results are presented for the rate frac12 (288, 576) and the rate frac12 (1152, 2304) WiMAX 802.16e LDPC code over an AWGN channel with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation.
A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody is effective against H7N9 (2015)

Emerging strains of influenza represent a significant public health threat with potential pandemic consequences. Of particular concern are the recently emerged H7N9 strains which cause pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Estimates are that nearly 80% of hospitalized patients with H7N9 have received intensive care unit support. VIS410, a human antibody, targets a unique conserved epitope on influenza A. We evaluated the efficacy of VIS410 for neutralization of group 2 influenza strains, including H3N2 and H7N9 strains in vitro and in vivo. VIS410, administered at 50 mg/kg, protected DBA mice infected with A/Anhui/2013 (H7N9), resulting in significant survival benefit upon single-dose (-24 h) or double-dose (-12 h, +48 h) administration (P < 0.001). A single dose of VIS410 at 50 mg/kg (-12 h) combined with oseltamivir at 50 mg/kg (-12 h, twice daily for 7 d) in C57BL/6 mice infected with A/Shanghai 2/2013 (H7N9) resulted in significant decreased lung viral load (P = 0.002) and decreased lung cytokine responses for nine of the 11 cytokines measured. Based on these results, we find that VIS410 may be effective either as monotherapy or combined with antivirals in treating H7N9 disease, as well as disease from other influenza strains.
Multiscale modeling, simulations, and experiments of coating growth on nanofibers. Part II. Deposition (2005)

This work is Part II of an integrated experimental/modeling investigation of a procedure to coat nanofibers and core-clad nanostructures with thin-film materials using plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition. In the experimental effort, electrospun polymer nanofibers are coated with aluminum materials under different operating conditions to observe changes in the coating morphology. This procedure begins with the sputtering of the coating material from a target. Part I [J. Appl. Phys. 98, 044303 (2005)] focused on the sputtering aspect and transport of the sputtered material through the reactor. That reactor level model determines the concentration field of the coating material. This field serves as input into the present species transport and deposition model for the region surrounding an individual nanofiber. The interrelationships among processing factors for the transport and deposition are investigated here from a detailed modeling approach that includes the salient physical and chemical phenomena. Solution strategies that couple continuum and atomistic models are used. At the continuum scale, transport dynamics near the nanofiber are described. At the atomic level, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the deposition and sputtering mechanisms at the coating surface. Ion kinetic energies and fluxes are passed from the continuum sheath model to the MD simulations. These simulations calculate sputtering and sticking probabilities that in turn are used to calculate parameters for the continuum transport model. The continuum transport model leads to the definition of an evolution equation for the coating-free surface. This equation is solved using boundary perturbation and level set methods to determine the coating morphology as a function of operating conditions.
High phase noise tolerant pilot-tone-aided DP-QPSK optical communication systems (2012)

In this paper we experimentally demonstrate a novel, high phase-noise tolerant, optical dual polarization (DP) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) communication system based on pilot-tone-aided phase noise cancellation (PNC) algorithm. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with approximate 300 MHz linewidth are used as transmitters and local oscillators for coherent detection of optical DP-QPSK signals. The proposed system, with central wavelength at 1540.68 nm, operates at 40 Gb/s over 80 km single mode fiber (SMF) as part of a passive optical network (PON). The deployment of pilot-tone-aided PNC algorithm guarantees a bit error rate (BER) performance below the forward error correction (FEC) threshold. Moreover, we also evaluate a novel digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm for adaptive pilot tone detection.