gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of the Del-1 for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Trial (DELTA-1), a Phase II Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of VLTS-589 in Subjects with Intermittent Claudication Secondary to Peripheral Arterial Disease (2004)

The objective of this phase II investigation is to assess the safety and efficacy of a plasmid mediated approach to induce angiogenesis/arteriogenesis with the angiomatrix protein Del-1 (developmentally regulated endothelial locus 1), in subjects with intermittent claudication (IC) secondary to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). VLTS-589 is an investigational nonviral therapeutic comprising a plasmid-expressing Del-1 formulated with poloxamer 188 (facilitating agent). One hundred subjects with bilateral PAD and IC will be randomized after careful screening to bilateral intramuscular delivery of VLTS-589 or placebo. A total of 84 mg of plasmid or placebo will be delivered as 42 intramuscular injections (2 ml per injection, 21 injections or 42 ml in each extremity of either plasmid or placebo) in both lower extremities. The subjects in the study will be followed at regular intervals for a year after study drug administration (days 30, 90, 180, and 365) with the primary endpoint being the safety and tolerability of VLTS-589 and change in peak walking time (PWT) at day 90. The secondary endpoints include percent and absolute change in resting ankle brachial Index, claudication onset time, and quality of life measured at various time points. DELTA-1 represents the largest plasmid-based gene transfer trial designed to test the efficacy of a Del-1 as a therapeutic approach in patients with IC caused by PAD. The novel aspects of the protocol include the usage of a Del-1 plasmid-polaxamer formulation to enhance gene transfer at doses that are an order of magnitude different than other comparable trials in a unique bilateral intramuscular dosing pattern to maximize transfection/clinical efficacy and general applicability to patients with PAD.
n-3 Fatty Acids and Cellular Aspects of Atherosclerosis (1989)

M ounting interest has been generated over the past decade concerning the potential beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic disorders. Substantial quantities of epidemiological and laboratory data have accumulated regarding n-3 fatty acids and atherosclerosis.<sup>1,2</sup>The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies that have sought to elucidate the biochemical and cellular effects by which n-3 fatty acids might favorably affect atherogenesis. We will begin with a very brief review of the clinical and epidemiological data. <h3>EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS</h3> Epidemiological studies of Greenland and Alaskan Eskimos have demonstrated a substantially reduced mortality rate of ischemic heart disease in these populations compared with European and North American cohorts.<sup>3,4</sup>Analysis of the Eskimo diet revealed differences from typical Western diets, especially in the fatty acid content, which contained substantial quantities of n-3 fatty acids derived from marine sources.<sup>5</sup>Similar studies in
T cell kinetics and apoptosis in immune organs and mammary tumors of rats treated with cyclophosphamide and soluble tumor-associated antigens. (2003)

The aim of this review was to analyze the role of cell kinetics and apoptosis in the cellular mechanism underlying the effects of soluble tumor-associated antigens (sTAA) on chemically-induced mammary cancer in rats treated with the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CPA). Mammary gland cancer was induced with dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and tumors, the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and lymph nodes were studied by morphometric and immunohistochemical methods. We suggest that inhibition of the functional activity of the immune system is one of the main reasons for the toxic effects of CPA, and that the tumor-suppressive antitoxic effects of sTAA result from their activation of T-lymphocyte production in this system, particularly in the spleen and lymph nodes. The results of our experiments have shown that vaccination with sTAA actively promotes generation of the host's antitumor immune response. This is manifested in inhibited proliferative activity of the tumor cells, stimulated production of T lymphocytes and an increased rate of apoptosis among tumor cells.
GABAergic projection from the ventral pallidum and globus pallidus to the subthalamic nucleus (1995)

There exists a topographically organized projection from the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum to the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent lateral hypothalamus. The participation of GABA as a neurotransmitter in this projection was evaluated by retrograde labeling of cells in the pallidal area from an iontophoretic deposit of Fluor-Gold in the subthalamus combined with in situ hybridization for mRNA of the GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). A rostrocaudal gradient in the contribution of GABA to the projection was demonstrated with a relatively small percentage of retrogradely labeled cells in the rostral ventral pallidum containing GAD mRNA (7%) compared to the caudal globus pallidus which had over 70% of the Fluoro-Gold containing cells double-labeled for GAD mRNA. Overall the ventral pallidum contribution to the subthalamic nucleus was less GABAergic than the portion arising from the globus pallidus (35% vs. 61%, respectively).
Nobel Perfect™ Esthetic Scalloped Implant: Rationale for a New Design (2003)

The scalloped implant provides clinicians and patients with the option of improving esthetic outcomes. Placement and restoration of this implant are important when planning implant treatment in the esthetic zone.
Cryopreservation of all prezygotes in patients at risk of severe hyperstimulation does not eliminate the syndrome, but the chances of pregnancy are excellent with subsequent frozen-thaw transfers (1997)

In-vitro fertilization patients (n = 15) at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (oestradiol > or =4500 pg/ml on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration and 25 or more follicles of intermediate or large size) underwent aspiration of all follicles and cryopreservation of all fertilized oocytes at the pronuclear stage. Patients were monitored for up to 2 weeks post-retrieval. Subsequent transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos was performed in programmed cycles using exogenous oestrogen and progesterone for endometrial preparation. Two patients (13%) developed OHSS necessitating hospitalization and vaginal aspiration of ascitic fluid. Two other patients (13%) developed moderate OHSS requiring ascitic fluid vaginal aspiration in the office setting, with dramatic improvement of the condition. Subsequent transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos yielded a clinical pregnancy rate of 58% per transfer and ongoing or delivery rates of 42 and 67% per transfer and per patient respectively. By eliminating pregnancy potential with cryopreservation of all prezygotes and examining the pregnancy potential with subsequent cryopreserved-thawed transfers, it is concluded that OHSS is reduced, but not eliminated for patients at risk. Subsequent transfer of cryopreserved-thawed prezygotes in a programmed cycle with exogenous steroids yields an excellent pregnancy rate.
Network traffic anomaly detection using machine learning approaches (2012)

One of the biggest challenges for both network administrators and researchers is detecting anomalies in network traffic. If they had a tool that could accurately and expeditiously detect these anomalies, they would prevent many of the serious problems caused by them. We conducted experiments in order to study the relationship between interval-based features of network traffic and several types of network anomalies by using two famous machine learning algorithms: the naıve Bayes and k-nearest neighbor. Our findings will help researchers and network administrators to select effective interval-based features for each particular type of anomaly, and to choose a proper machine learning algorithm for their own network system.
Quantum contact in gold nanostructures by scanning tunneling microscopy (1993)

This paper shows that the nanostructures deposited at room temperature in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments are produced by mechanical contact between tip and sample. Gold mounds are deposited in gold substrates and it is observed that the current flowing between tip and sample is quantized and the resistance can be as low as 100 \ensuremath{\Omega}.
Flexible Spatio-Temporal Networks for Video Prediction (2017)

We describe a modular framework for video frame prediction. We refer to it as a Flexible Spatio-Temporal Network (FSTN) as it allows the extrapolation of a video sequence as well as the estimation of synthetic frames lying in between observed frames and thus the generation of slow-motion videos. By devising a customized objective function comprising decoding, encoding, and adversarial losses, we are able to mitigate the common problem of blurry predictions, managing to retain high frequency information even for relatively distant future predictions. We propose and analyse different training strategies to optimize our model. Extensive experiments on several challenging public datasets demonstrate both the versatility and validity of our model.
Two Methods for the Preparation of 3-Dialkylaminomethyl Derivatives (Mannich Bases) of 4-Aminocoumarin: A New Type of Intramolecular Hydride Transfer (1995)

The transformation of 4-alkylaminocoumarin-3-carbaldehydes (1b-f) by treatment with secondary amines 2a-i into 3-dialkylaminomethyl-4-aminocoumarins 4a-i via intramolecular hydride transfer is reported. The structure of 4 was ascertained by independent Mannich reaction of 4-aminocoumarin (5) yielding the 3-dialkylaminomethyl derivatives 4a-e. By treatment of 1e with primary amine 6 only the usual Schiff base 7 was obtained.
Reliability Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube Interconnect in a Silicon CMOS Environment (2006)

Conventional copper conductor suffered from electromigration induced by high current density. This calls for a more reliable conductive material. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with excellent electrical properties and extremely high thermal conductivity, have been suggested for future interconnects. Although different integration schemes have been demonstrated for CNT interconnects, the reliability of CNT interconnects in the silicon CMOS environment has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of CNT interconnect under electrical and thermal stress. We first studied the electrical properties of a single CNT exposed in air. It was found that CNT did not fail in the continuous, accelerating manner typical of electromigration failure. An abrupt decrease of conductance was observed when certain level power is supplied. This possibly is caused by the oxidation of the CNT outer shell by Joule heating in air. We then fabricated another CNT via test structure. The reliability of the new test structure is improved due to the heat-sinking effect of surrounding dielectrics. But still the CNT interconnect in the new test structure failed when additional thermal stress is applied. By filling the voids between CNTs with copper, the CNT interconnect becomes more reliable.
SOCOM: A Service-Oriented Collaboration Middleware for Multi-User Interaction with Web Services based Scientific Resources (2007)

Scientific collaboration has become more and more important in current scientific research. A collaboration environment which simplifies integration and collaboration of heterogeneous scientific resources, for instance scientific computing software and scientific apparatuses, can accelerate progress of scientific research remarkably. We present a novel middleware to facilitate development of distributed and collaborative application for scientific research. A service-oriented collaboration bus is proposed to enable scientific resources to be plugged in and users to interact with these resources collaboratively and transparently. Collaboration bus engines in different organizations can interoperate with each other to support distributed collaboration. We also show our prototype implementation of this middleware and a demonstration of Collaborative Visualization System for Seismic Data in earth science.
An illustration of the principles of domestic market channel choice by reference to the British machine tool industry (1972)

A reconciliation of channel theory with the observed practice of one sector of UK industry
Frequency of Occurrence of Native Hapten Among Enterobacterial Species (1966)

Anacker, R. L. (Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), W. D. Bickel, W. T. Haskins, K. C. Milner, E. Ribi, and J. A. Rudbach. Frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. J. Bacteriol. 91:1427-1433. 1966.-Smooth cultures of representative Enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of native hapten, a substance previously extracted with trichloroacetic acid from the protoplasmic fraction of one strain each of Escherichia coli O111:B4 and O113. Trichloroacetic acid extracts of protoplasmic fractions of the cells were analyzed for chemical composition, for constituent sugars by paper chromatography, for immunochemical relationship to endotoxin purified by gel filtration, for sedimentation behavior, and for pyrogenicity in rabbits and lethal toxicity in chick embryos. Extracts from two of three additional strains of E. coli O113, all five additional strains of E. coli O111:B4, and one strain each of E. coli O26:B6 and O55:B5 were similar to previously described native hapten in chemical composition, sedimentation properties (S(20,w), 3.7 to 5.2), biological potency (usually less than 0.1% that of corresponding endotoxin), and immunochemical relationship to endotoxin. Extracts of one strain each of E. coli O127:B8, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella enteritidis, and of two lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of S. enteritidis differed from typical native hapten. The biosynthetic relationship of native hapten to endotoxin has not yet been revealed.
Synergistic Inhibition of Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling by Charged and Uncharged Local Anesthetics (1999)

We investigated the mechanism of benzocaine (permanently uncharged) and QX314 (permanently charged) inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling.To determine their site of action, we studied effects of these drugs, alone and in combination, on LPA-induced Ca2 +-dependent Cl currents (ICl(Ca)) in Xenopus oocytes. After 10 min exposure to benzocaine, QX314 (10-6-10-2 M), or both, we measured effects on ICl(Ca) induced by LPA (with and without protein kinase [PKC] activation/inhibition) and on ICl(Ca) induced by the intracellular injection of IP3 and GTP gamma S. LPA application to oocytes resulted in ICl(Ca) (50% effective concentration approximately 10-8 M). Both anesthetics inhibited LPA signaling concentration-dependently (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] benzocaine 0.9 mM, QX314 0.66 mM). The combination acted synergistically (IC50 benzocaine 0.097 mM/QX314 0.048 mM). Intracellular signaling pathways were not affected. This study shows that benzocaine and QX314 inhibit LPA signaling and act synergistically, which is most easily explained by the existence of two different binding sites. Lack of inhibition of IP3 or GTP gamma S-induced ICl(Ca) identifies the receptor as a target. Activation of PKC can be excluded as a potential mechanism. Implications: Lysophosphatidic acid may play a role in wound healing, and its signaling is inhibited by local anesthetics. We identified the membrane receptor as the local anesthetic site of action and showed that charged (QX314) and uncharged (benzocaine) local anesthetics inhibit lysophosphatidic acid signaling synergistically, which can be explained by the presence of different binding sites. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:1117-24)
Activity-dependent polyadenylation in neurons (2005)

Activity-dependent changes in protein synthesis modify synaptic efficacy. One mechanism that regulates mRNA translation in the synapto-dendritic compartment is cytoplasmic polyadenylation, a process controlled by CPEB, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE)-specific RNA binding protein. In neurons, very few mRNAs are known CPEB substrates, and none appear to be responsible for the effects on plasticity that are found in the CPEB knockout mouse. These results suggest that the translation of other mRNAs is regulated by CPEB. To identify them, we have developed a functional assay based on the polyadenylation of brain-derived mRNAs injected into Xenopus oocytes, a surrogate system that carries out this 3' end processing event in an efficient manner. The polyadenylated RNAs were isolated by binding to and thermal elution from poly(U) agarose and identified by microarray analysis. Selected sequences that were positive for polyadenylation were cloned and retested for polyadenylation by injection into oocytes. These sequences were then examined for activity-dependent polyadenylation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Finally, the levels of two proteins encoded by polyadenylated mRNAs were examined in glutamate-stimulated synaptoneurosomes. These studies show that many mRNAs undergo activity-dependent polyadenylation in neurons and that this process coincides with increased translation in the synapto-dendritic compartment.
Transistors in Switching Circuits (1952)

The general transistor properties of small size and weight, low power and voltage, and potential long life suggest extensive application of transistors to pulse- or switching-type systems of computer or computer-like nature. It is possible to devise simple regenerative circuits which perform the normally employed functions of waveform generation, level restoration, delay, storage (registry or memory), and counting. The discussion is limited to point-contact type transistors in which the alpha or current gain is in excess of unity and to a particular feedback configuration. Such circuits, which are of the so-called trigger type, are postulated to involve negative resistance. On this basis an analysis, which approximates the negative-resistance characteristic by three intersecting broken lines, is developed. Conclusions which are useful to circuit and device design are reached. The analysis is deemed sufficiently accurate for first-order equilibrium calculations. Transistors having properties specifically intended for pulse service in the circuits described have been developed. Their properties, limitations, and parameter characterizations are discussed at some length.
A Technique for Implantation of a 3-Dimensional Penetrating Electrode Array in the Modiolar Nerve of Cats and Humans (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> We believe that direct intraneural stimulation of the modiolar nerve using an array of electrodes will have lower thresholds, offer greater frequency selectivity and more stimulation sites, and have a greater frequency representation than conventional cochlear implants. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe a potential auditory prosthesis based on electrical stimulation of the modiolar cochlear nerve and to report the development of a surgical approach in human and animal models. <h3>Design</h3> Cadaveric human and animal studies conducted in temporal bones indicated that an array of penetrating microelectrodes could be implanted in the modiolar nerve. Cat studies using anesthesia were performed to develop the surgical procedure in an animal model. Nerve viability was assessed by measurement of electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses at different stages of the surgery. <h3>Subjects</h3> Two fresh cadaveric human temporal bones, 3 cat cadavers, 1 pig cadaver, and 6 anesthetized cats were used in the experiments. <h3>Results</h3> We were able to implant arrays containing 20 microelectrodes in the human modiolar nerve after exposure by a modified extended facial recess approach. In animals, the modiolar nerve was accessed by the transbulla and the middle fossa approach. The cat was chosen as the appropriate animal model, and the transbulla approach was selected. The round window was exposed by ventral access to the bulla and after cochleostomy; drilling the modiolar bone exposed the modiolar nerve. The mean ± SD diameter of the exposed nerve in cats was 1.64 ± 0.07 mm (n = 9), and the mean ± SD exposed length was 2.50 ± 0.11 mm (n = 9); this is adequate to accommodate 20 microelectrodes. The electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses indicated nerve survival during and after the surgery. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The surgical technique allows implantation of up to 20 microelectrodes in the cat and human modiolar nerve. The nerve survives the surgical procedure. This work enables studies in the electrophysiological properties and consequences of long-term implantation.
A novel concept for regiochemical and stereochemical control in Lewis acid promoted [3 + 4] annulation reactions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel concept for regiochemical and stereochemical control in Lewis acid promoted [3 + 4] annulation reactionsGary A. Molander and Kimberly O. CameronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2617–2619Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2010)

This document specifies extensions to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol for adding IPv4 protocol support. The scope of IPv4 protocol support is two-fold: 1) enable IPv4 home address mobility support to the mobile node, and 2) allow the mobility entities in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain to exchange signaling messages over an IPv4 transport network.
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells and Immune Regulation (2006)

The termination of the apoptotic programme occurs in most cases via recognition and clearance by phagocytes, especially the professional phagocytes, such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells. Engulfed cells do not simply disappear from the midst of living tissues. The fine-defined presentation of yielded self-antigens to T cells is a central event in the induction or the maintenance of the peripheral immune tolerance to self. Conversely, abnormality in this pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. We herein reviewed the relationship between phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and immune regulation, especially the effects of engulfed apoptotic cells on immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases.