gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substituted pyridopyrimidinones, 1: Convenient PTC alkylation and halogenation of 2‐hydroxy‐4<i>H</i>‐pyrido[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyrimidin‐4‐one (2007)

Abstract Alkylation of 2‐hydroxy‐4 H ‐pyrido[1,2‐ a ]pyrimidin‐4‐one ( 1 ) was investigated under solid–liquid phase transfer catalysis conditions (PTC), using tetrabutylammonium bromide and potassium carbonate. The reaction with alkyl halides led to the formation of various 2‐alkoxy products, in fair yields. Reaction of compound 1 with epichlorohydrin and chloroacetonitrile, under the same PTC conditions, afforded novel O1,O3‐disubstituted glycerol and oxazolopyridopyrimidone betaine derivatives, respectively. Some 3‐halo‐, 3,3‐dihalo, and/or 2,3‐dihalopyrido[1,2‐ a ]pyrimidines were also prepared using different halogenating agents at different reaction conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:19–27, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20245
Stress as a Risk Factor for Seizures Among Adults with Epilepsy (1984)

This study examines the effects of major life events, daily hassles and uplifts, and daily stress levels as they increase or decrease the risks of having seizures and estimates risk ratios for specific stressors and perceived stress levels. Utilizing a prospective design, 12 adults with severe epilepsy monitored the occurrence of seizures, stressors, and stress levels over a 3-month period. In within-individual analyses, high stress levels and stressful events were associated with more frequent seizures for most participants. The association between higher stress levels and increased seizures was confirmed in group analyses. This study provides empirical evidence of the association between stress and seizures and describes the use of a statistical model that is useful for investigating risk factors as they influence physical and mental illness.
ℝPM‐1: A Recyclable Nanoporous Material Suitable for Ship‐In‐Bottle Synthesis and Large Hydrocarbon Sorption (2003)

Narrow windows and large supercavities comprise the novel nanoporous coordination organometallic structure ℝPM-1, which has a two-fold interpenetrating 3D network containing unique open channels (see picture). ℝPM-1 exhibits a high sorption capacity for large hydrocarbons and superior size/shape selectivity for the photolysis of ortho-methyl dibenzyl ketone (o-MeDBK; 100 % cage effect). A completely reversible structural transformation takes place between ℝPM-1 and a nonporous 1D compound, which allows a full recovery of the o-MeDBK derived products (100 % mass balance).
Action of Secondary Amines on Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Anhydrides; the Factors Favoring Urethan Formation Instead of Amide Formation<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Secondary Amines on Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Anhydrides; the Factors Favoring Urethan Formation Instead of Amide Formation1NORMAN A. LEISTER and D. STANLEY TARBELLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1152–1155Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomimetic Interfaces for High-Performance Optics in the Deep-UV Light Range (2008)

We report an innovative approach for the fabrication of highly light transmissive, antireflective optical interfaces. This is possible due to the discovery that metallic nanoparticles may be used as a lithographic mask to etch nonstraightforward structures into fused silica, which results in a quasihexagonal pattern of hollow, pillar-like protuberances. The far reaching optical performance of these structures is demonstrated by reflection and transmission measurements at oblique angles of incidence over a broad spectral region ranging from deep-ultraviolet to infrared light.
Free electron lasers with variable parameter wigglers. Technical report (1980)

A general discussion of free electron lasers with variable parameter wigglers is presented with a view towards their potential for the production of high power optical radiation at reasonable efficiency. The theoretical analysis is based upon a one dimensional relativistic Hamiltonian formulation and is developed in a manner to take advantage of the analogy between the free electron laser process and radio frequency accelerators. Three promising operational modes are identified and analyzed. The first may be thought of as an electron decelerator and is thought to have the most promise for single pass devices. Both oscillator and amplifier configurations are studied. The second is base upon adiabatic trapping and detrapping, intended to reduce the spread in electron energy typically induced by the FEL process. The third is based upon the method of phase area displacement. It has the advantage of wide gain bandwidth and small induced energy spread, and is thought to have the most promise for storage ring applications. Generally speaking, it is found that high peak power is intrinsic to these modes of operation. Potential problems from parasitic oscillations analogous to the stimulated Raman effect are analyzed, and some others arising from transverse inhomogeneity are identified.
Software-Based Transparent and Comprehensive Control-Flow Error Detection (2006)

Shrinking microprocessor feature size and growing transistor density may increase the soft-error rates to unacceptable levels in the near future. While reliable systems typically employ hardware techniques to address soft-errors, software-based techniques can provide a less expensive and more flexible alternative. This paper presents a control-flow error classification and proposes two new software-based comprehensive control-flow error detection techniques. The new techniques are better than the previous ones in the sense that they detect errors in all the branch-error categories. We implemented the techniques in our dynamic binary translator so that the techniques can be applied to existing x86 binaries transparently. We compared our new techniques with the previous ones and we show that our methods cover more errors while has similar performance overhead.
Two glycosyltransferases involved in anthocyanin modification delineated by transcriptome independent component analysis in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2011)

To identify candidate genes involved in Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthesis, we applied transcriptome coexpression analysis and independent component analyses with 1388 microarray data from publicly available databases. Two glycosyltransferases, UGT79B1 and UGT84A2 were found to cluster with anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Anthocyanin was drastically reduced in ugt79b1 knockout mutants. Recombinant UGT79B1 protein converted cyanidin 3-O-glucoside to cyanidin 3-O-xylosyl(1→2)glucoside. UGT79B1 recognized 3-O-glucosylated anthocyanidins/flavonols and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-xylose, but not 3,5-O-diglucosylated anthocyanidins, indicating that UGT79B1 encodes anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside: 2''-O-xylosyltransferase. UGT84A2 is known to encode sinapic acid: UDP-glucosyltransferase. In ugt84a2 knockout mutants, a major sinapoylated anthocyanin was drastically reduced. A comparison of anthocyanin profiles in ugt84a knockout mutants indicated that UGT84A2 plays a major role in sinapoylation of anthocyanin, and that other UGT84As contribute the production of 1-O-sinapoylglucose to a lesser extent. These data suggest major routes from cyanidin 3-O-glucoside to the most highly modified cyanidin in the potential intricate anthocyanin modification pathways in Arabidopsis.
Hydroxy-fatty acid profiles of Legionella species: diagnostic usefulness assessed by principal component analysis (1993)

Twenty-nine species (76 strains) of members of the genus Legionella were analyzed for their cellular hydroxylated fatty acids (OH-FAs). The individual patterns were unusually complex and included both monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated chains of unbranched or branched (iso and anteiso) types. Comparison of the strain profiles by SIMCA (Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy) principal component analysis revealed four main groups. Group 1 included Legionella pneumophila plus L. israelensis strains, and group 2 included L. micdadei and L. maceacherneii strains. These two closely related groups were characterized by the occurrence of di-OH-FAs and differed mainly in the amounts of 3-OH-a21:0, 3-OH-n21:0, 3-OH-n22:0, and 3-OH-a23:0. Group 3 (13 species) was distinguished by i14:0 at less than 3%, 3-OH-3-OH-n14:0 at greater than 5%, 3-OH-n15:0 at greater than 2%, and minute amounts of OH-FAs with chains longer than 21:0. Group 4 (12 species) was heterogeneous. Its main characteristics were the presence of 3-OH-n12:0 and 3-OH-n13:0, 3-OH-i14:0 at greater than 5%, as well as significant amounts of 3-OH-a21:0 and 3-OH-n21:0. The groupings obtained by OH-FA profiles were found to reflect DNA-DNA homology groupings reasonably well, and the profiles appear to be useful for differentiation of Legionella species.
MultiFunction Threshold Gates (1973)

Threshold logic gates, up to now, generally have been presumed to provide a single function of the input variables. The threshold gates that have been integrated [1]-4] were naturally double-sided and provided complementary outputs or, more specifically, complemented dual outputs. This paper shows that the inphase and out-of-phase outputs can, in fact, be designed to provide grossly different functions of the input variables. Two examples of this technique have already been shown [5] and one of these, the full adder, has been demonstrated in a multiplier [6]. Now this technique is generalized, and furthermore, it is shown how each side can be subdivided to provide a number of functions simultaneously. Finally, virtual oRing of specific output points from each side will result in still more functions. The sum-resistor specification for any order function on either side is given. Practical application of these techniques are discussed, including those basic ones that have already been disclosed.
Big Data Analysis: Apache Spark Perspective (2015)

the boom in the technology has resulted in emergence of new concepts and challenges. Big data is one of those spoke about terms today. Big data is becoming a synonym for competitive advantages in business rivalries. Despite enormous benefits, big data accompanies some serious challenges and when it comes to analyzing of big data, it requires some serious thought. This study explores Big Data terminology and its analysis concepts using sample from Twitter data with the help of one of the most industry trusted real time processing and fault tolerant tool called Apache Storm.
Novel Nickel‐Oligomerization Catalysts with Arsenic‐Oxygen Chelate Ligands (1983)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983 , 655. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198306550
In brief (1974)

The Poisoned Water [El agua envenenada) by Fernando Benítez Translated by Mary E. Ellsworth Southern Illinois University Press Contemporary Latin American Classics, 1973. $7.95 Puerto Rican Obituary by Pedro Pietri Monthly Review Press, 1973. $7.50 Another Life by Derek Walcott Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973. $7.95 Efren Hernandez: A Poet Discovered by Mary M. Harmon University and College Press of Mississippi, 1972. $2.95 Latin American Thought: A Historical Introduction by Harold Eugene Daws Louisiana State University Press Bibliog., index. 1972 $10.00 The One Quest by Claudio Naranjo Viking Press, 1972. $8.95 paper $2.95
Photochemistry of the amide system. V. Synthetic photochemistry with heterocyclic anilides. Stereochemistry of the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shifts in nonoxidative photocyclization of benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxanilides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of the amide system. V. Synthetic photochemistry with heterocyclic anilides. Stereochemistry of the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shifts in nonoxidative photocyclization of benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxanilidesYuichi Kanaoka, Kazuhiko Itoh, Yasumaru Hatanaka, Judith L. Flippen, Isabella L. Karle, and Bernhard WitkopCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 20, 3001–3003Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00908a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00908a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation Study of Fractional Frequency Reuse in WiMAX Networks (2008)

WiMAX is a metropolitan area network (MAN) wireless technology that provides high-quality broadband services to mobile users. For maximum usage of the available spectrum, each cell should operate on the whole available bandwidth. However, this leads to unacceptable interference for cell edge users and reduces the coverage. This paper reports on a study of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) in WiMAX networks, which is a promising approach for reducing interference at the cell edge. Simulation results show that FFR can provide significant coverage gains by reducing the cell edge interference while retaining high utilisation of the spectrum. FFR can therefore be regarded as an essential technique for interference management in WiMAX networks.
New Hexagonal Three-Phase Voltage-Source Converter Topology for High-Power Applications (2014)

This paper presents a voltage-source converter (VSC) topology for high-power applications. This topology combines three three-phase converters with isolated dc buses. The proposed topology can be implemented by using two-level or multilevel three-phase converters. In this paper, three three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) converters have been combined. Two zero-sequence blocking transformers (ZSBTs) are used to interconnect the three converters. In order to validate the good performance of the proposed VSC topology, two modulation techniques are implemented: phase-shifted carrier pulsewidth modulation (PSCPWM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation. The VSC topology has been simulated in the simulation tool Saber, and the results have been validated experimentally in a test bench of 60 kVA.
Elections in south Asia and in Indonesia (2015)

Elections are of utmost importance in any democratic country and give the power to the people and enable them to choose their leaders. The Presidential election of 2015 mark a historic milestone in Sri Lanka's maturing democracy since the civil war ended almost five years ago. In addition this paper presents a brief description about the two regional powers, India and China, and the role of USA, in Sri Lanka’s pre and post Presidential Elections. The Sri Lanka’s Presidential Election efforts taken by the new leadership in Sri Lanka to improve the overall relations with regional and global superpowers Democracy comes in different shapes and sizes .Good governance , anti-corruption campaign, image of credibility, integrity were campaign slogans during elections in Sri Lanka , Indonesia and in Assembly elections in the Indian city of Delhi. President of Sri Lanka Mr. Maithripala Sirisena, President of Indonesia, Mr. Joko Widodo and Indian Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal, promoted a common man's image in the election campaigns. The paper reflects on stunning victories of these leaders and assesses the some similarities between President of Indonesia Mr. Joko Widodo and Indian Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal.
Text genre classification with genre-revealing and subject-revealing features (2002)

Subject or prepositional content has been the focus of most classification research. Genre or style, on the other hand, is a different and important property of text, and automatic text genre classification is becoming important for classification and retrieval purposes as well as for some natural language processing research. In this paper, we present a method for automatic genre classification that is based on statistically selected features obtained from both subject-classified and genre classified training data. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms a direct application of a statistical learner often used for subject classification. We also observe that the deviation formula and discrimination formula using document frequency ratios also work as expected. We conjecture that this dual feature set approach can be generalized to improve the performance of subject classification as well.
Failure of inoculant rhizobia to overcome the dominance of indigenous strains for nodule formation (1994)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 13 Distribution of B,~~cly~~l i i~oDi~~rri groups in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 13 Effects of bacterial and plant genotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 14 Soil properties and levels of indigenous bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 Other factors in the field environment that may affect survival and (or) infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 Approaches to controlling infection in the field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 Use of high inoculant doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 Use of bacteriocidal agents in conjunction with resistant strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 Inoculant formulation or placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 Modification or selection of host genotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16 Modification or selection of bacterial genotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 17 Potential problems confronting researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 17 Genetic diversity of rhizobial soil residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 17 Prediction of field dominance by studies of competitiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 17 Antibiotic-resistant ibolates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 18 Sampling of field populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 18 Summary and prospects for the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 18 Key worcls: competitiveness, nitrogen fixation, rhizobial ecology, Blncl~rliizobi~~rri.
Resolution limitations and error analysis for stereo camera models (2003)

The left-right model and the motion-in-depth model are examined. Although lower and upper bounds in a correspondence procedure have been determined for both stereo camera models, the analysis for deriving such bounds assumes the continuous case. In practice, however, additional limitations exist due to the discrete nature of the stereoscopic systems. Such limitations include depth of scene restrictions so that three-dimensional vision is meaningful (i.e. maximum depth for which disparity is nonzero). An error analysis for both stereo camera models is presented, where it is shown that the error in calculating depth (as a function of the camera displacement) decreases at a faster rate in the motion-in-depth case than the left-right one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>The Laser Guidebook</i> (1987)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jeff Hecht, Donald C. Peckham; The Laser Guidebook. Physics Today 1 May 1987; 40 (5): 96. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2820035 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Human Single-Chain Antibodies Inhibit Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) (2005)

The F240 human monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes the disulfide loop-bonded immunodominant epitope of gp41 spanning residues 592-606 and expressed broadly on HIV-1 primary isolates. Despite broad reactivity with native virions and HIV-infected cells, the antibody fails to neutralize infection. However, cytoplasmic expression of single-chain antibody (scFv) directed against gp41 of HIV-1 provides a rationale means to inhibit the maturation of envelope protein. The variable regions of the heavy chain and light chain of human monoclonal antibody were amplified by PCR and linked by a 15 amino acid (GGSGS)3 linker in an orientation of VL-linker-VH and retroviral expression vectors were constructed to simultaneously express F240 scFv and eGFP to facilitate selection of scFv-producing cells. Incorporation of a human immunoglobulin signal sequence directed secretion of the F240 scFv (s-scFv) while an otherwise identical vector lacked this sequence (scFv) resulting in intracellular expression of scFv. Transduced human CD4+ H9 T cells were challenged with HIV. While both secreted and nonsecreted F240 scFv inhibited viral production, secretory F240 scFv was more potent. Thus, this novel approach to direct expression of a nonneutralizing scFv using the Ig signal sequence suggests that targeted therapy using antibodies to conserved, highly expressed epitopes may result in a decrease in viral production due to a reduction of viral assembly and/or transport and expression.