gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. IV. The effect of ultrasonic intensity (1958)

Abstract The effect of ultrasonic intensity on degradation parameters K and y for a polystyrene in benzene sample was investigated. The results are discussed in relation to a theory previously developed for the degradation of addition polymers by ultrasonic waves. It is shown that for a constant ultrasonic frequency the experimental results can be explained by theories which assume that degradation is caused by frictional or impact forces.
A multi-frequency AC potential drop technique for the detection of small cracks (1992)

DC potential drop techniques have been widely used to measure crack length. However, the sensitivity of this technique is often insufficient for detection of small cracks initiating from a smooth surface. By using a multi-frequency AC potential drop technique, a resolution of 50 mu m has been achieved for multiple crack initiation with a probe spacing of 10 mm during slow strain rate tensile tests. The sensitivity is reduced for single crack initiation for a given probe spacing. For single crack initiation 50 mu m resolution is obtained by decreasing the probe spacing to 1.2 mm. Data reproducibility is found to be adequate when probe spacing and configurations are made consistently. The technique has been applied to environment-assisted cracking tests of nickel-base alloys at 350 degrees C in water using both static and dynamic loading.
Multiple Fracturing of Boreholes By Using Tailored-Pulse Loading (1982)

Abstract A laboratory experiment was developed to study the effects of pressurizing boreholes of rock samples with tailored pulses at intermediate loading rates. The experiment focused on ascertaining the loading conditions needed to initiate multiple-fracture growth from a borehole. Experiments were performed under controlled loading conditions with borehole pressures ranging from 10 to 100 MPa, loading rates from 1 to 100 MPa/ms, and pulse durations on the order of from 1 to 50 ms. The initial conditions of samples were varied to include dry, quasidry, and fully saturated states along with pressure confinement of the samples up to 50 MPa. Observations on samples of a medium-porosity sandstone showed that the degree of multiple fracturing is quite sensitive to the condition of the borehole as well as to the loading rate and appears strongly influenced by transient pore-pressure effects. The loading rate for the onset of multiple fracturing decreased with an increase in sample water content. The influence of water was much more marked at loading rates below 30 MPa/ms than at higher rates. For loading rates above the onset, the number of fractures initiated increased with an increase in loading rate, with about 10 to 12 at a loading rate of 100 MPa/ms. The fracture threshold-breakdown pressure increased proportionately with loading rate, a dependence that is attributed to transient water-intrusion effects around the borehole. The effect of sample confinement caused the threshold-breakdown pressure to increase and noticeably lowered the loading rate for multiple-fracture onset. Only two fractures (e.g., a typical hydrofracture) occurred when water was prevented from invading the borehole region. The tailored-pulse loading tests demonstrated their viability to determine the susceptibility of various rock types to multiple fracturing at intermediate loading rates.
Synthesis and Evaluation in Monkey of Two Sensitive<sup>11</sup>C-Labeled Aryloxyanilide Ligands for Imaging Brain Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors In Vivo (2007)

We sought to develop (11)C-labeled ligands for sensitive imaging of brain peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) in vivo. Two aryloxyanilides with high affinity for PBR were identified and synthesized, namely, N-acetyl- N-(2-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline ( 3, PBR01) and N-(2-methoxybenzyl)- N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide ( 10, PBR28). 3 was hydrolyzed to 4, which was esterified with [ (11)C]iodomethane to provide [ (11)C] 3. The O-desmethyl analogue of 10 was converted into [ (11)C] 10 with [ (11)C]iodomethane. [ (11)C] 3 and [ (11)C] 10 were each injected into monkey to assess their brain kinetics with positron emission tomography (PET). After administration of either radioligand there was moderately high brain uptake of radioactivity. Receptor blocking and displacement experiments showed that a high proportion of this radioactivity was bound specifically to PBR. In monkey and rat, 3 and 10 were rapidly metabolized by ester hydrolysis and N-debenzylation, respectively, each to a single polar radiometabolite. [ (11)C] 3 and [ (11)C] 10 are effective for imaging PBR in monkey brain. [ (11)C] 10 especially warrants further evaluation in human subjects.
Mobile multimedia: in context to ATM transport and GSM/GPRS mobile access networks (2002)

A mobile communication system requires an underlying wireline transport network, while the radio interface acts as the access network. In the wireline domain, the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is considered to be the chosen transport network to cater for a wide variety of services, to reach the user through a suitable access network. So, a scenario of mobile access and an ATM backbone, for mobile multimedia is of prime importance. The GSM is presently being standardised to cater for a multitude of services through the GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) provisions. Since the ATM and the GSM specifications have been evolving independently, they have to be bridged at some point. We cover issues concerning a general mobile access network to an ATM backbone, catering to mobile multimedia. In particular, we turn the focus towards the GSM system as an access network, and contradict some essential features for example, the cell relay over the mobile interface, that is popular at present in context of mobile multimedia.
Epithelial cell apoptosis and lung remodeling. (2007)

Lung epithelium is the primary site of lung damage in various lung diseases. Epithelial cell apoptosis has been considered to be initial event in various lung diseases. Apoptosis signaling is classically composed of two principle pathways. One is a direct pathway from death receptor ligation to caspase cascade activation and cell death. The other pathway triggered by stresses such as drugs, radiation, infectious agents and reactive oxygen species is mediated by mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum has also been shown to be the organelle to mediate apoptosis. Epithelial cell death is followed by remodeling processes, which consist of epithelial and fibroblast activation, cytokine production, activation of coagulation pathway, neoangiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fibrosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal interaction plays important roles in these processes. Further understanding of apoptosis signaling and its regulation by novel strategies may lead to effective treatments against various lung diseases. We review the recent advances in the understanding of apoptosis signaling and discuss the involvement of apoptosis in lung remodeling.
Effects of <i>Schisandra sphenanthera</i> extract on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in healthy volunteers (2007)

SchE can increase the oral bioavailability of tacrolimus. The results of this study will add important information to the interaction area between drugs and herbal products.
ChemInform Abstract: FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS ACYLATION‐CYCLISATION REACTIONS OF 3‐BROMOPHENYL ETHERS WITH PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE AND OXALYL CHLORIDE TO GIVE THE CORRESPONDING PHENOXAPHOSPHINE AND XANTHEN‐9‐ONE DERIVATIVES (1973)

Abstract Die Äther (I) (aus 1,3‐Dibrombenzol und dem entsprechenden Halogenphenol erhältlich) werden durch Kondensation mit PCl 3 /AlCl 3 zu denPhenoxaphosphinoxiden (IIa) (Ausbeute für X: ‐Cl: 60%) cyclisiert, die beim Behandeln mit Natronlauge in die Alkohole (IIb) (X: ‐Cl: quantitativ) übergehen.
An AM-FM model for Motion Estimation in Atherosclerotic Plaque Videos (2007)

We present new multidimensional amplitude-modulation frequency-modulation (AM-FM) methods for motion estimation. For a single AM-FM component we show that the optical flow constraint leads to separate equations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). We compare our approach with phase-based estimation developed by Fleet and Jepson and also the original optical flow method by Horn and Schunck. An advantage of the proposed method is that it provides for dense estimates that remain accurate over the entire video. We also present preliminary results on atherosclerotic plaques videos where the AM method appears to work best.
Structure-activity relations in reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. 9. N-Heterocyclic acraldoximes methiodides (1975)

N-Heterocyclic acraldoximes methiodides, where the heterocyclic residues are 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl, 2-(1-methyl)imidazolyl or 4-pyrimidyl, were prepared and tested for their reactivating potency on acetylcholinesterase inhibited from diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). The in vitro testing revealed that the new compounds are good reactivators of the phosphorylated electric eel cholinesterase. The structure-activity relationships are briefly discussed.
Deformation and instability of membrane structure of phospholipid vesicles caused by osmophobic association: mechanical stress model for the mechanism of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced membrane fusion (1990)

The mechanism of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced fusion of phospholipid vesicles was studied based on the "osmophobic association" theory which was recently proposed both theoretically [Ito, T., Yamazaki, M., & Ohnishi, S. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 5626-5630] and also experimentally [Yamazaki, M., Ohnishi, S., & Ito, T. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 3710-3715]. Osmophobic association and fusion were detected by measuring the light scattering of the vesicle suspension; the former was detected from the increase in light scattering induced by the addition of PEG, and the latter was from the irreversibility of the increase in light scattering. Threshold concentrations of PEG were required not only for osmophobic association but also for fusion. The threshold concentration for fusion depended on the molecular weight of PEG and also on the electrostatic repulsive interaction between phospholipid vesicles, which was manipulated by the use of vesicles with negative surface charge; increasing the molecular weight of PEG lowered the threshold concentration, and increasing the electrostatic repulsive interaction raised it. In addition, a transient leakage of internal contents from the vesicles was observed at the concentration that caused fusion. When the surface charge of the vesicle was varied, the threshold for fusion coincided with that for osmophobic association, provided that the latter exceeded 22 wt % of PEG 6000. However, when the threshold for osmophobic association was less than 22 wt %, the threshold for fusion remained approximately 22 wt %, irrespective of the difference in the threshold for osmophobic association.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bringing portraits to life (2017)

We present a technique to automatically animate a still portrait, making it possible for the subject in the photo to come to life and express various emotions. We use a driving video (of a different subject) and develop means to transfer the expressiveness of the subject in the driving video to the target portrait. In contrast to previous work that requires an input video of the target face to reenact a facial performance, our technique uses only a single target image. We animate the target image through 2D warps that imitate the facial transformations in the driving video. As warps alone do not carry the full expressiveness of the face, we add fine-scale dynamic details which are commonly associated with facial expressions such as creases and wrinkles. Furthermore, we hallucinate regions that are hidden in the input target face, most notably in the inner mouth. Our technique gives rise to reactive profiles , where people in still images can automatically interact with their viewers. We demonstrate our technique operating on numerous still portraits from the internet.
Using mitochondria-targeted molecules to study mitochondrial radical production and its consequences (2003)

The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain contributes to a range of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and aging. There are also indications that mitochondrial ROS production plays a role in damage response and signal transduction pathways. To unravel the role of mitochondrial ROS production in these processes, we have developed a range of mitochondria-targeted probe molecules. Covalent attachment of a lipophilic cation leads to their accumulation into mitochondria, driven by the membrane potential. Molecules developed so far include antioxidants designed to intercept mitochondrial ROS and reagents that specifically label mitochondrial thiol proteins. Here we outline how mitochondrial ROS formation and its consequences can be investigated using these probes.
Flurbiprofen, a unique non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species (2003)

The present action of flurbiprofen on microbes indicates its future prospects as an antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes and yeast pathogens. However, in view of the anti-inflammatory property of flurbiprofen, its antifungal action may provide an additional advantage for use as a skin ointment.
Load-Independent Friction:  MoO<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystal Lubricants (1999)

The behavior of the model lubricant system molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been characterized as a function of thermal oxidation on the atomic to nanometer scales with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). STM studies of single-crystal MoS2 surfaces showed that the initial stages of thermal oxidation produce atomic-scale pits and then molybdenum oxide (MoO3) nanocrystals 1−5 nm in diameter. The densities of pits and MoO3 nanocrystals and the size of MoO3 nanocrystals increased with increasing oxidation time. UHV AFM friction measurements made on these same samples exhibited a direct relationship between defect density and friction for short oxidation times. After longer oxidation times when well-defined MoO3 nanocrystals were present, load-independent friction was observed. A model, which involves adhesion of MoO3 nanocrystals to the AFM probe tip end, has been developed to explain this first observation of load-independent friction. The implications of these results are discussed.
Cyt1Ab1 and Cyt2Ba1 from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>medellin</i> and <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp <i>. israelensis</i> Synergize <i>Bacillus sphaericus</i> against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and Resistant <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) (2001)

The interaction of two cytolytic toxins, Cyt1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and Cyt2Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, with Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated against susceptible and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus and the nonsensitive species Aedes aegypti. Mixtures of B. sphaericus with either cytolytic toxin were synergistic, and B. sphaericus resistance in C. quinquefasciatus was suppressed from >17,000- to 2-fold with a 3:1 mixture of B. sphaericus and Cyt1Ab. This trait may prove useful for combating insecticide resistance and for improving the activity of microbial insecticides.
Possible involvement of the A20-A21 peptide bond in the expression of the biological activity of insulin. 1. [21-Desasparagine,20-cysteinamide-A]insulin and [21-desasparagine,20-cysteine isopropylamide-A]insulin (1987)

The C-terminal region of the A chain of insulin has been shown to play a significant role in the expression of the biological activity of the hormone. To further delineate the contribution of this segment, we have synthesized [21-desasparagine,20-cysteinamide-A]insulin and [21-desasparagine,20-cysteine isopropylamide-A]insulin, in which the C-terminal amino acid residue of the A chain of insulin, asparagine, has been removed and the resulting free carboxyl group of the A20 cysteine residue has been converted to an amide and an isopropylamide, respectively. Both insulin analogues display biological activity, 14-15% for the unsubstituted amide analogue and 20-22% for the isopropylamide analogue, both relative to bovine insulin. In contrast, a [21-desasparagine-A]insulin analogue has been reported to display less than 4% of the activity of the natural hormone [Carpenter, F. (1966) Am. J. Med. 40, 750-758]. The implications of these findings are discussed, and we conclude that the A20-A21 amide bond plays a significant role in the expression of the biological activity of insulin.
A Comparative Study of Embedded and Anesthetized Zebrafish in vivo on Myocardiac Calcium Oscillation and Heart Muscle Contraction (2010)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a model for studying vertebrate development in the cardiovascular system. In order to monitor heart contraction and cytosolic calcium oscillations, fish were either embedded in methylcellulose or anesthetized with tricaine. Using high-resolution differential interference contrast and calcium imaging microscopy, we here show that dopamine and verapamil alter calcium signaling and muscle contraction in anesthetized zebrafish, but not in embedded zebrafish. In anesthetized fish, dopamine increases the amplitude of cytosolic calcium oscillation with a subsequent increase in heart contraction, whereas verapamil decreases the frequency of calcium oscillation and heart rate. Interestingly, verapamil also increases myocardial contraction. Our data further indicate that verapamil can increase myocardial calcium sensitivity in anesthetized fish. Taken together, our data reinforce in vivo cardiac responses to dopamine and verapamil. Furthermore, effects of dopamine and verapamil on myocardial calcium and contraction are greater in anesthetized than embedded fish. We suggest that while the zebrafish is an excellent model for a cardiovascular imaging study, the cardio-pharmacological profiles are very different between anesthetized and embedded fish.
Cell-type, allelic, and genetic signatures in the human pancreatic beta cell transcriptome (2013)

Elucidating the pathophysiology and molecular attributes of common disorders as well as developing targeted and effective treatments hinges on the study of the relevant cell type and tissues. Pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Describing the differentiated state of the human beta cell has been hampered so far by technical (low resolution microarrays) and biological limitations (whole islet preparations rather than isolated beta cells). We circumvent these by deep RNA sequencing of purified beta cells from 11 individuals, presenting here the first characterization of the human beta cell transcriptome. We perform the first comparison of gene expression profiles between beta cells, whole islets, and beta cell depleted islet preparations, revealing thus beta-cell-specific expression and splicing signatures. Further, we demonstrate that genes with consistent increased expression in beta cells have neuronal-like properties, a signal previously hypothesized. Finally, we find evidence for extensive allelic imbalance in expression and uncover genetic regulatory variants (eQTLs) active in beta cells. This first molecular blueprint of the human beta cell offers biological insight into its differentiated function, including expression of key genes associated with both major types of diabetes.
p53 modulation of anchorage independent growth and experimental metastasis. (1996)

Death in circulation is one of the natural barriers preventing dissemination of tumor cells and formation of metastases. One of the negative factors acting in circulation is the loss of cell contact with natural substrate which can be imitated in vitro by the incubation of cells in suspension or in semi-solid media. Normal mouse fibroblasts (MEFs) stay viable in suspension and undergo p53-independent G1 growth arrest. Transformation with Ela and ras oncogenes leads to the abrogation of this arrest and to the p53-dependent apoptosis occurring in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Suppression of apoptosis by p53 gene knock-out, transduction of dominant negative p53 mutant or bcl-2 prevents death in suspension and greatly induces frequency of colony formation in semi-solid media. The ability of cells to undergo apoptosis does not correlate with their tumorigenicity in nude mice but does correlate with their ability to survive in lungs of intravenously injected mice and to form experimental metastases. We suggest that abrogation of a p53-mediated apoptosis facilitates experimental metastasis by promoting survival of tumor cells in circulation.
A modified sorted-QR decomposition algorithm for parallel processing in MIMO detection (2009)

This paper proposes a modified sorted-QR decomposition algorithm for the high-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. Due to the growing demands of high-dimension MIMO channels and large number of OFDM subcarriers, the sorted-QR decomposition becomes one of the computational bottlenecks in the QR-based MIMO detection. The proposed Givens-rotation-based algorithm aims to improve the throughput and the hardware utilization efficiency by relaxing the sorting condition and allowing the cross-column parallel rotation operations. The simulation results show that our proposed parallel algorithm can significantly reduce the minimal computation latency from 28% to 21% of the original algorithm, and the hardware utilization rate can be enhanced from 71% to 90% for 16times16 MIMO using four Given-rotation processing elements. The detection performance degradation is negligible and better hardware efficiency can be obtained for the larger number of MIMO antennas.
Studies in the Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene System (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene SystemWYMAN R. VAUGHAN and MASAO YOSHIMINECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 5, 528–532Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01356a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (657 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts