gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-decision error control for H.F. data transmission (1980)

This paper is concerned with the soft-decision decoding of error-correcting codes in the context of h.f. data transmission. The use of soft-decision information from the data modem results in an improvement in the performance of a forward-error-correction scheme, when compared with hard-decision decoding, without any further redundancy penalty. In the paper, we estimate the theoretical improvements that can be expected from soft-decision decoding of block and convolutional codes, in terms of both random and burst error-correcting power. Also, this is related to expected coding gains for the Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, we investigate the performance of soft-decision decoding on two types of h.f. modem: a multisubcarrier parallel transmission format (p.t.f.) type modem, and an experimental serial transmission s.m.i.d.d. type modem. We conclude that significant improvements in the performance of coded systems are obtainable through the use of soft-decision decoding.
Content Based Retrieval and Navigation with Images in the Microcosm model (1995)

This paper presents an overview of novel extensions to the Microcosm open hypermedia architecture which facilitate content based retrieval and navigation with non-textual media such as images, video and sound. MAVIS, (Microcosm Architecture for Video Image and Sound) extends the area of application of generic and computed links to non-textual media. Examples of the use of shape and colour for content based retrieval and navigation are presented.
Transmit Precoding for the Multiple Antenna Broadcast Channel (2006)

In this paper we compare the following two methods of transmit preceding for the multiple antenna broadcast channel: vector perturbation applied to channel inversion (also termed zero forcing or ZF) precoding and scalar Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding applied to sum-rate achieving transmit precoding. Our results indicate that vector perturbation applied to channel inversion preceding can significantly reduce power enhancement and yields the full diversity afforded by the channel to each user. Scalar TH-modulo reduction significantly reduces the power enhancement for precoding based on sum-rate criterion. The solution to vector perturbation applied to ZF precoding requires the solution to an integer optimization problem which is exponentially complex, or an approximation to the integer optimization problem which requires the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz algorithm of polynomial complexity. Instead we propose a simpler solution (an approximation) to the vector perturbation problem based on the Rayleigh-Ritz theorem (R.A. Horn and C.R. Johnson, 1985). This approximate solution achieves the same diversity order as the optimal vector perturbation technique, but suffers a small coding loss. This solution is of polynomial complexity order. Further, a small increase in complexity with a "sphere"-based search around this solution yields significantly better performance. Since this vector perturbation is required to be done at the symbol rate, the lower complexity of the proposed algorithm is valuable in practice
Ground water and surface water: A single resource (1998)

The importance of considering ground water and surface water as a single resource has become increasingly evident. Issues related to water supply, water quality, and degradation of aquatic environments are reported on frequently. The interaction of ground water and surface water has been shown to be a significant concern in many of these issues. Contaminated aquifers that discharge to streams can result in long-term contamination of surface water; conversely, streams can be a major source of contamination to aquifers. Surface water commonly is hydraulically connected to ground water, but the interactions are difficult to observe and measure. The purpose of this report is to present our current understanding of these processes and activities as well as limitations in our knowledge and ability to characterize them.
<title>Probabilistic classification of forest structures by hierarchical modelling of the remote sensing process</title> (1997)

Satellite sensors observe upwelling radiant flux from the Earth's surface. Classification of forest structures from these measurements is a statistical inference problem. A hierarchical model has been developed by linking several sub-models which represent the image acquisition process and the spatial interaction of the classes. The model for blur assumes the underlying, unobserved image is degraded according to the system point spread function. The model for topographic effects assumes the unblurred pixel values are determined by the corresponding bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the mean spectral reflectance of each class. A discrete Markov random field (MRF) model provides information about the spatial contiguity of the classes. Prior distributions are specified for the mean and covariance parameters. Bayes theorem is used to construct a posterior probability distribution for the classification given the data. Due to the high dimensionality of the resulting MRF, estimates of image attributes are obtained using a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. The marginal posterior modes (MPM) point estimate minimizes the expected number of misclassifications by maximizing the marginal probability with which each pixel is classified. The advantages of this approach include the ability to specify a unique BRDF for each class and to have posterior probability estimates provide spatially explicit information about the certainty of the MPM estimate. Limitations of the model include the assumptions necessary for modeling bidirectional reflectance, the difficulty of defining classes as an appropriate scale, and assessing the accuracy of probabilistic classifications. Specimen results using Landsat TM data are presented.
Clinical and genetic features of Huntington's disease (2008)

Objective To study the clinical and genetic features of Huntington's disease (HD). Methods The data of clinical information and heredity in 28 patients with HD from 6 Chinese families were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 28 patients in 6 pedigrees, including 15 males and 13 females. The onset age of all patients was 26～72 years old and the course of disease was variable from 6 years to more than 20 years, and there were 6 gene carriers, including 2 males and 4 females. These patients mainly appeared progressively chorea movement, with mental abnormalities (3 cases), dementia (1 case),ataxia (3 cases), dysarthria and dysphay in late stag (10 cases). Brain MRS of one gene carrier demonstrated significant Lac inversion hump in bilateral lenticular nucleus. Six pedigrees showed autosomal dominant inheritance. HD patients and gene carriers had an abnormal expansion of CAG (n≥37). Moreover, in 4 pedigrees, the onset age was earlier in the subsequent generations. Conclusions HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with genetic anticipation and diversified clinical presentations. The (CAG)n expansion at the IT15 gene is the disease-causing mutation in the six pedigrees.
Comparative Study to Determine the Optimal Melatonin Dosage form for the Alleviation of Jet Lag (1998)

To compare the impact of various dosage forms of melatonin and placebo on jet lag symptoms, 320 volunteers who had flights over 6 to 8 time zones were recruited for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The volunteers received either melatonin 0.5-mg fast-release (FR) formulation, melatonin 5-mg FR formulation, melatonin 2-mg controlled-release (CR) formulation, or placebo. The study medication was taken once daily at bedtime during 4 days after an eastward flight. The volunteers completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), sleep log, and symptoms questionnaires once daily and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) three times daily prior to departure and during the 4 days of medication intake postflight. A total of 234 (73.1%) participants were compliant and completed the study. The FR melatonin formulations were more effective than the slow-release formulation. The 5-mg FR formulation significantly improved the self-rated sleep quality (p < .05), shortened sleep latency (p < .05), and reduced fatigue and daytime sleepiness (p < .05) after intercontinental flight. The lower physiological dose of 0.5 mg was almost as effective as the pharmacological dose of 5.0 mg. Only the hypnotic properties of melatonin, sleep quality and sleep latency, were significantly greater with the 5.0-mg dose.
Lipid modification of the 15 kilo Dalton major membrane immunogen of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> (1990)

The 15 kiloDalton major membrane immunogen was included among the Treponema pallidum polypeptides selectively labelled with [3H]-palmitate. The cloned gene for this immunogen, tpp15, encoded a signal peptide of 17 amino acids, a consensus signal peptidase II cleavage site, and a mature protein of 124 amino acids (13,967 Daltons). As predicted by the DNA sequence, the recombinant 15 kiloDalton immunogen labelled selectively with [3H]-palmitate, and globomycin inhibited processing of the precursor to the mature polypeptide. While the native and recombinant immunogens are amphiphilic, the 15 kiloDalton immunogen synthesized in a cell-free system was hydrophilic. The covalent attachment of fatty acids appears to be responsible for the amphiphilicity of the immunogen and its membrane attachment.
Signals in the Presence of Noise (2005)

Abstract A measurement system begins with sensing stages that couple to relevant measurands of the system under study. The power level of the wanted information‐bearing signals formed by the sensors is often very low and may be swamped by the interfering noise signals that are present. Careful attention to sensor and circuit design and assembly, plus use of certain signal processing methods, makes it possible to greatly enhance the original signal‐to‐noise ratio to usable levels. This first article of the group on signal‐to‐noise improvement introduces the issues involved that are developed in later articles of this section.
Leech giant glial cell: functional role in a simple nervous system (1999)

The giant glial cell in the central nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis has been the subject of a series of studies trying to link its physiological properties with its role in neuron-glia interactions. Isolated ventral cord ganglia of this annelid offer several advantages for these studies. First, single giant glial cells can easily be identified and are quite accessible to electrophysiological and microfluorometric studies. Second, only two giant macroglial cells are located in the neuropil of each ganglion, rendering them well suited for studying neuron-glia interactions. Third, many neurons can be identified and are well known with respect to their physiology and their roles in controlling simple behaviors in the leech. This review briefly outlines the major recent findings gained by studying this preparation and its contributions to our knowledge of the functional role of glia in nervous systems. Emphasis is directed to glial responses during neuronal activity and to the analysis of intracellular Ca(2+) and H(+) transients mediated by neurotransmitter receptors and ion-driven carriers. Among its numerous properties, the leech giant glial cell prominently expresses a large K(+) conductance, voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors, and an electrogenic, reversible Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter.
Polarization rotators fabricated by thermally-switched liquid crystal alignments based on rubbed poly(N-vinyl carbazole) films (2011)

This paper demonstrates the thermally-switched liquid crystal (LC) alignments based on a rubbed poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) film, and their application for polarization rotators. The mechanically rubbed PVK layer can induce a planar alignment of LCs with their director axis perpendicular to the direction of rubbing. This direction can be switched toward the rubbing direction by thermal treatment. Experimentally, the angle of re-orientation of the director axis increases with the temperature in a specific range of temperatures. In this study, the optical properties of linear and concentric polarization rotators, fabricated using a rubbed PVK film with thermal treatment, are examined.
Nocturnal Low-Level-Jet-Dominated Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observed by a Doppler Lidar over Oklahoma City during JU2003 (2007)

Abstract Boundary layer wind data observed by a Doppler lidar and sonic anemometers during the mornings of three intensive observational periods (IOP2, IOP3, and IOP7) of the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment are analyzed to extract the mean and turbulent characteristics of airflow over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. A strong nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) dominated the flow in the boundary layer over the measurement domain from midnight to the morning hours. Lidar scans through the LLJ taken after sunrise indicate that the LLJ elevation shows a gradual increase of 25–100 m over the urban area relative to that over the upstream suburban area. The mean wind speed beneath the jet over the urban area is about 10%–15% slower than that over the suburban area. Sonic anemometer observations combined with Doppler lidar observations in the urban and suburban areas are also analyzed to investigate the boundary layer turbulence production in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer. The turbulence kinetic energy was higher over the urban domain mainly because of the shear production of building surfaces and building wakes. Direct transport of turbulent momentum flux from the LLJ to the urban street level was very small because of the relatively high elevation of the jet. However, since the LLJ dominated the mean wind in the boundary layer, the turbulence kinetic energy in the urban domain is correlated directly with the LLJ maximum speed and inversely with its height. The results indicate that the jet Richardson number is a reasonably good indicator for turbulent kinetic energy over the urban domain in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer.
Analytical and Biomedical Applications of Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors (1988)

Chapter 1. Introduction. 2. Basic ISFET Concept. 3. Inorganic-Gate ISFET: Mechanism of Operation. 4. Composite Gate ISFET Devices. 5. ISFET Related Devices. 6. Reference Electrodes for Use with ISFETs. 7. ISFET Fabrication. 8. ISFET Instrumentation. 9. ISFET Characteristics. 10. ISFET Applications. 11. Development Trends in ISFET Devices. 12. Recent Developments. Subject Index.
Photoexcited states in poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene): Comparison with<i>trans</i>,<i>trans</i>-distyrylbenzene, a model oligomer (1990)

We present measurements of the photoexcited states of poly(p-phenylene vinylene), PPV, and a model oligomer, trans,trans-distyrylbenzene, probed by detection of photoluminescence and photoinduced absorption. Photoluminescence is strong in both materials and due to radiative recombination of the singlet exciton. Triplet excitons are also photogenerated, and in the case of the oligomer are seen directly in light-induced ESR measurements. We find a signal with a peak-to-peak width of 12 G at 1580 G for a probe frequency of 9.14 GHz. We assign this to the ``forbidden'' \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{s}}$=2 transition between the triplet sublevels. From the position of the minimum field ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{min}}$ for this microwave transition, we determine the zero-field splitting of the triplet sublevels to be 0.07 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. We find an associated photoinduced absorption at 1.95 eV in the oligomer which we attribute to a triplet-triplet transition of the excited state. For the polymer we find a photoinduced absorption response at 1.45 eV, very similar to that of the oligomer, and we consider that this is similarly due to a triplet exciton, although we have not been able yet to find direct ESR evidence. In the case of the polymer, charged photoexcitations are also seen in photoinduced absorption measurements, characteristic of bipolarons, with induced absorption at 0.6 and 1.6 eV. We do not find similar excitations in the oligomer, and we consider that intermolecular charge transport is necessary for the generation of the long-lived charged excitations probed in our experiments.
Laser desorption in a quadrupole ion trap: mixture analysis using positive and negative ions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser desorption in a quadrupole ion trap: mixture analysis using positive and negative ionsM. L. Alexander, P. H. Hemberger, M. E. Cisper, and N. S. NogarCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 11, 1609–1614Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00059a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00059a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA Data Compression in the Post Genome Era (2001)

1 Dept. of Biophysics and Biochemistry, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 2 Bioinformatics group, NTT DATA, inc, Kayabacho Tower, 1-21-2, Shinkawa, Chuoku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan 3 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) HokurikuAsahidai 1-1, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan 4 Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
P2B-17 Single-Chip Solution for Ultrasound Imaging Systems: Initial Results (2007)

Traditionally, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are used for supporting the computational and data rate requirements of medical ultrasound systems. Utilizing the previously-developed efficient front-end algorithms and the continuing advances in solid state devices, we developed a hybrid programmable architecture to support core ultrasound signal processing. With the advent of new- generation digital signal processors (DSPs) (e.g., Texas Instruments' TMS320C6455 and IBM's Cell Broadband Engine), this hybrid field programmable gate array (FPGA)- DSP architecture can evolve towards a single-chip solution after overcoming the following challenges: (a) inefficient data access during dynamic focusing and (b) multiple, parallel data- transfer paths from ADCs. In this paper, we present a new single-DSP architecture, where an advanced DSP handles all the front- and back-end processing in software. To enable this new architecture, we have (a) developed a new stepwise dynamic focusing method, where the same delay curve is utilized for a group of samples along the depth direction and (b) investigated use of serial interfaces for ADC to DSP data transfer. It was found that the TMS320C6455 can meet the requirements of a 32-channel B-mode imaging system using 56.6% and 85.4% of the computing and serial I/O resources of the DSP, respectively. These results indicate that a single DSP chip solution can meet the hardware requirements for lower-end medical ultrasound systems.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) (2006)

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) suspension culture cells were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 carrying the binary plasmid pNOV3635. The plasmid contains a phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) selectable marker gene. Cells transformed with PMI are capable of metabolizing the selective agent, mannose, whereas cells not expressing the gene are incapable of using the carbon source and will stop growing. Callus masses proliferating on selection were screened for PMI expression using a chlorophenol red assay. Genomic DNA was extracted from putatively transformed callus lines and the presence of the PMI gene was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization. Using this method, an average transformation frequency of 31.23% +/- 0.14 was obtained for all transformation experiments, with a range of 15.1 to 55.3%.
Protective effective of vitamin E in kidney storage solution on renal tissue metabolism in rats. (1995)

Vitamin E appears to protect the metabolism and ultrastructure of stored rat kidneys.
Introduction to Metal Powder Production and Characterization (2015)

Abstract Various powder production processes allow precise control of the chemical composition and physical characteristics of powders and allow tailoring of specific attributes for targeted applications. Metal powders are produced by either mechanical methods or chemical methods. The commonly used mechanical methods include water and gas atomization, milling, mechanical alloying, and electrolysis. Some chemical methods include reduction of oxides. This article provides information on the reliable techniques for powder characterization and testing to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of metal powders, both as individual particles and in bulk forms.
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Framing, Footing, and Alignment (2019)

Goffman’s (1974, 1981) ideas on framing, footing, and alignment provide a powerful lens for examining social roles, how they are signaled, and how speakers position themselves vis-à-vis one another during interactions. However, as constructs, these terms can be so squishy that one is tempted to quote that famous Supreme Court line on the definition of pornography: “I might not be able to define it, but I know it when I see it” (Simpson, 1988). On the one hand, the richness of Goffman's notions resides precisely in their ability qua metaphors to be sufficiently imprecise to capture the vagaries and ambivalences of the human condition. As Lakoff and Johnson (1980) note, the very strength of metaphors is in their ability to express what is hard to pin down in more reductionist ways. On the other hand, the strength of one's work in the social sciences often rests on empirical research. Consequently, finding workable definitions for constructs—which, by their very nature, can be elusive—is an important part of the game. And hitting upon a definition others embrace is tantamount to striking gold.