gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A population genomic analysis of species boundaries: neutral processes, adaptive divergence and introgression between two hybridizing plant species (2008)

Little is known about the nature of species boundaries between closely related plant species and about the extent of introgression as a consequence of hybridization upon secondary contact. To address these topics we analyzed genome-wide differentiation between two closely related Silene species, Silene latifolia and S. dioica, and assessed the strength of introgression in sympatry. More than 300 AFLP markers were genotyped in three allopatric and three sympatric populations of each species. Outlier analyses were performed separately for sympatric and allopatric populations. Both positive and negative outlier loci were found, indicating that divergent and balancing selection, respectively, have shaped patterns of divergence between the two species. Sympatric populations of the two species were found to be less differentiated genetically than allopatric populations, indicating that hybridization has led to gene introgression. We conclude that differentiation between S. latifolia and S. dioica has been shaped by a combination of introgression and selection. These results challenge the view that species differentiation is a genome-wide phenomenon, and instead support the idea that genomes can be porous and that species differentiation has a genic basis.
High-temperature corrosion in an incinerator offgas system (1989)

Corrosion studies at about 1000{sup 0}C in a radioactive waste incinerator exhaust stream are described. Alloys with 30% chromium, chromium and duplex chromium/aluminum diffusion coatings on high-chromium materials, a 20% Cr-5% Al-iron alloy, and water cooling were each found to benefit a reduction in metal wastage in this offgas system.
Acute cardiac ischemia and reperfusion: contractility, relaxation, and glycolysis (1978)

The mechanical and metabolic effects of 3 min of complete global ischemia and 25 min of reperfusion were studied in the isolated rat heart. The decrease in contracile function was biphasic; a rapid 50% decline occurred in the first 10 s of ischemia, after which contractile function transiently stabilized and then fell at a slower rate. During reperfusion, recovery of relaxation was impaired relative to recovery of contractile function. A second period of ischemia and reflow produced changes in contractility, relaxation, and lactate production virtually identical to the initial one. In the absence of glycolytic blockade, tissue lactate accumulation developed, no contracture occurred, the pacing threshold did not increase, and reperfusion after 3 min of ischemia resulted in complete recovery of contractile function. Glycolytic blockade with 0.1 mM iodoacetate (IAA) prevented ischemic lactate production, accelerated the fall in contractility, caused irreversible contracture after 30 s of ischemia, an irreversible increase in pacing threshold within 3 min of ischemia, and poor recovery of contractile function with reperfusion. Thus during the first 3 min of severe ischemia, glycolysis exerted a net beneficial effect on myocardial function despite significant tissue lactate accumulation.
Critic: a knowledge-based program for critiquing circuit designs (2003)

Critic is a knowledge-based system that looks for errors or 'bad design style' in circuit designs. Critic takes as input a description of a circuit and a knowledge-base that describes a particular design-style and technology. The knowledge base consists of: process and design-style constants, a set of primitive descriptions, a set of structure descriptions, and error-checking rules. Critic uses the information in the knowledge base to find structures and errors in the circuit. The errors can range from easily recognizable errors such as a transistor bulk being connected to the wrong supply or a static gate having nonequal rise and fall times to hard-to-recognize errors, such as those dealing with charge sharing, timing, and testability. Critic is integrated with the Berkeley CAD system, has an interactive graphical input and feedback, is easy to use, and has a firm separation between the knowledge-base and program internals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Negative ion mass spectra of chlorine‐containing molecules (1972)

Abstract The negative ion mass spectra of chlorine‐containing molecules have been measured using a double focusing mass spectrometer with a photographic plate detector. The formulae of the negative ions not previously assigned using an electron multiplier detector have now been assigned.
Cross-View Image Synthesis Using Conditional GANs (2018)

Learning to generate natural scenes has always been a challenging task in computer vision. It is even more painstaking when the generation is conditioned on images with drastically different views. This is mainly because understanding, corresponding, and transforming appearance and semantic information across the views is not trivial. In this paper, we attempt to solve the novel problem of cross-view image synthesis, aerial to street-view and vice versa, using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGAN). Two new architectures called Crossview Fork (X-Fork) and Crossview Sequential (X-Seq) are proposed to generate scenes with resolutions of 64 × 64 and 256 × 256 pixels. X-Fork architecture has a single discriminator and a single generator. The generator hallucinates both the image and its semantic segmentation in the target view. X-Seq architecture utilizes two cGANs. The first one generates the target image which is subsequently fed to the second cGAN for generating its corresponding semantic segmentation map. The feedback from the second cGAN helps the first cGAN generate sharper images. Both of our proposed architectures learn to generate natural images as well as their semantic segmentation maps. The proposed methods show that they are able to capture and maintain the true semantics of objects in source and target views better than the traditional image-to-image translation method which considers only the visual appearance of the scene. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations support the effectiveness of our frameworks, compared to two state of the art methods, for natural scene generation across drastically different views.
Platelet ITAM signaling (2013)

Platelet ITAM signaling plays a key role for the maintenance of vascular integrity in development and the adult. This novel form of hemostasis differs from hemostasis at sites of vascular injury in that it does not depend on major platelet adhesion receptors or GPCR signaling.
H-field sensor measurement errors in the near-field of a magnetic dipole source (1989)

A pair of error relationships is derived to describe the sign and magnitude of the error incurred in the measurement of the near magnetic field strengths of an elementary magnetic source. Analyses are performed for two different relative orientations of the source and small-loop sensor, the source being an elementary magnetic loop. First, an error analysis is performed for the situation in which the sensor is aligned coaxially with respect to the source. The second analysis investigates the near-field error associated with a coplanar source and sensor relative orientation. Results of the analyses indicate that in the case of a coaxial arrangement of small-loop source and small-loop sensor, the incurred error is negative (i.e. measured magnetic field strength is lower than the actual value at the loop sensor's center). For a coplanar arrangement of the magnetic source and small-loop sensor, a positive measurement error is incurred. It is also shown that effects due to mutual coupling between the source and small-loop sensor are minimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Particles and molecules in endodontic leakage (1989)

It is assumed that above a critical level, microleakage causes periapical disease and jeopardizes periapical tissue repair. The purpose of this investigation was first to find out to what degree obturation prevents leakage of bacteria-sized particles or large protein molecules, and second if leakage of the commonly used dye methylene blue is comparable with that of a small bacterial metabolic product of similar molecular size. Sections, 9 mm long, obtained from 46 extracted human incisor roots had their root canals prepared in a standardized manner and obturated in four experimental ways using gutta-percha. The root sections were mounted in the middle of tubes that were closed at both ends with rubber membrane stoppers, which permitted sampling from the apical reservoir. The coronal reservoir was filled with a solution of 1 mg/ml latex beads, 4 micrograms/ml endotoxin, 0.5 per cent butyric acid, 0.1 per cent valeric acid and 0.1 per cent methylene blue water. After 1 and 2 weeks, samples were taken from the apical reservoir and tested for the presence of latex beads by phase-contrast microscopy, for endotoxin with a limulus lysate test, for butyric acid with gas-chromatography and for methylene blue with spectrophotometric analysis. Leakage of bacteria-sized particles and large-sized protein molecules could be prevented only when both sealer and pressure were used in obturating root canals with gutta-percha. Leakage of butyric acid proved to be comparable with leakage of methylene blue; microleakage of these small molecules could not be prevented in this study whatever method of filling was used.
Automated application of fault tolerance mechanisms in a component-based system (2011)

Due to the reduction of structure sizes in modern embedded systems, tolerating soft errors presenting itself as bit flips becomes a mandatory task even for moderate critical applications. Accordingly, software-based fault tolerance mechanisms recently gained in popularity and a multitude of approaches that differ in the number and frequency of tolerated errors as well as their associated overhead have been proposed. As a consequence, an application- and environment-tailored selection of mechanisms is required to balance protection and costs.
Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratosis With Topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (1997)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and red light to treat actinic keratoses (AKs). <h3>Design:</h3> Actinic keratoses were treated with topical ALA (concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) under occlusion for 3 hours. Before photodynamic therapy, sites were examined for fluorescence. Sites were irradiated with an argon pumped dye laser (630 nm) at fluences of 10 to 150 J/cm2. <h3>Setting:</h3> Academic medical center. <h3>Patients:</h3> Forty patients with 6 clinically typical, previously untreated AKs per patient. <h3>Main Outcome Measure:</h3> Complete resolution and decrease in lesion area of the AK relative to baseline evaluated at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 16. <h3>Results:</h3> Three hours after ALA administration, lesions showed moderate red fluorescence. Cutaneous phototoxic effects, localized erythema and edema, peaked at 72 hours. Patients experienced mild burning and stinging during light exposure. Eight weeks after a single treatment using 30% ALA, there was total clearing of 91% of lesions on the face and scalp and 45% of lesions on the trunk and extremities. No significant differences were observed in clinical responses with treatment using 10%, 20%, or 30% ALA. All concentrations of ALA were more effective than treating AKs with vehicle and light. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Topical photodynamic therapy with ALA is an effective treatment of typical AKs. Complete clearing of nonhypertrophic AKs can be achieved with 10%, 20%, or 30% ALA that is easily tolerated by the patient. Lesions on the face and scalp are more effectively treated than lesions on the trunk and extremities. Hypertrophic AKs did not respond effectively. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:727-732
Non-oxygen-forming pathways of hydrogen peroxide degradation by bovine liver catalase at low hydrogen peroxide fluxes (2005)

Heme catalases are considered to degrade two molecules of H(2)O(2) to two molecules of H(2)O and one molecule of O(2) employing the catalatic cycle. We here studied the catalytic behaviour of bovine liver catalase at low fluxes of H(2)O(2) (relative to catalase concentration), adjusted by H(2)O(2)-generating systems. At a ratio of a H(2)O(2) flux (given in microM/min(- 1)) to catalase concentration (given in microM) of 10 min(- 1) and above, H(2)O(2) degradation occurred via the catalatic cycle. At lower ratios, however, H(2)O(2) degradation proceeded with increasingly diminished production of O(2). At a ratio of 1 min(- 1), O(2) formation could no longer be observed, although the enzyme still degraded H(2)O(2). These results strongly suggest that at low physiological H(2)O(2) fluxes H(2)O(2) is preferentially metabolised reductively to H(2)O, without release of O(2). The pathways involved in the reductive metabolism of H(2)O(2) are presumably those previously reported as inactivation and reactivation pathways. They start from compound I and are operative at low and high H(2)O(2) fluxes but kinetically outcompete the reaction of compound I with H(2)O(2) at low H(2)O(2) production rates. In the absence of NADPH, the reducing equivalents for the reductive metabolism of H(2)O(2) are most likely provided by the protein moiety of the enzyme. In the presence of NADPH, they are at least in part provided by the coenzyme.
Synchrotron radiation photoemission analysis for (NH4)2S<i>x</i>-treated GaAs (1991)

The chemistry of the (NH4)2Sx-treated n-GaAs (100) surfaces has been studied using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Ga 3d, As 3d, and S 2p photoemission spectra are measured before and after annealing in vacuum with a photon energy of about 210 eV, where S 2p core level spectra can be sensitively detected. It is found that Ga-S, As-S, and S-S bonds are formed on the as-treated GaAs surfaces, and that stable Ga-S bonds become dominant after annealing at 360 °C for 10 min in vacuum. The thickness of the surface sulfide layer is reduced from about 0.5 to 0.3 nm by annealing. The surface Fermi- level position of the as-treated surfaces is determined to be about 0.8 eV below the conduction band minimum, which is about 0.1 eV closer to the valence band maximum than that of the untreated surfaces. A Fermi-level shift of 0.3 eV toward a flat band condition is also observed after annealing. It is found that the Ga-S bonding plays an important role in passivating GaAs surfaces.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology (1987)

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 6th Edition, a time-honoured best seller, has been updated and revised to provide superior hands-on information needed to successfully maintain and troubleshoot today's complex heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems. The new sixth edition contains units updated to include advances or changes in technology, procedures, and or equipment. Over 250 new images have been added to emphasize the practical application approach to the book. It fosters a solid foundation and understanding of environmental problems and their solutions, and displays a depth and detail of theory, diagnostics, and repair procedures that make this a fitting book for basic HVAC-R education as well as upgrading and certification training for technicians in the field.
3D reconstruction of a smooth articulated trajectory from a monocular image sequence (2011)

An articulated trajectory is defined as a trajectory that remains at a fixed distance with respect to a parent trajectory. In this paper, we present a method to reconstruct an articulated trajectory in three dimensions given the two dimensional projection of the articulated trajectory, the 3D parent trajectory, and the camera pose at each time instant. This is a core challenge in reconstructing the 3D motion of articulated structures such as the human body because endpoints of each limb form articulated trajectories. We simultaneously apply activity-independent spatial and temporal constraints, in the form of fixed 3D distance to the parent trajectory and smooth 3D motion. There exist two solutions that satisfy each instantaneous 2D projection and articulation constraint (a ray intersects a sphere at up to two locations) and we show that resolving this ambiguity by enforcing smoothness is equivalent to solving a binary quadratic programming problem. A geometric analysis of the reconstruction of articulated trajectories is also presented and a measure of the reconstructibility of an articulated trajectory is proposed.
Backward stimulated Raman scattering in multimode fiber (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C.-H. Lin, B. R. Marshall, M. A. Nelson, and J. K. Theobald, "Backward stimulated Raman scattering in multimode fiber," Appl. Opt. 17, 2486-2488 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Dietary fiber content and composition of fruits in Taiwan. (1998)

Forty-one fresh fruits frequently consumed in the Taiwan area were analysed for their dietary fiber content by an enzymatic-gravimetric method. Total dietary fiber (TDF) of these fruits ranged from 0.2 g (per 100 g edible weight) in grapes to 8.6 g in eggfruit. In citrus fruit, the proportion of soluble fiber in TDF was more than 50%. However, in some fruits like guavas and waxapple, soluble fiber took less than 30% of TDF. Soluble fiber in almost all fruit was comprised of a large amount of uronic acids, while the composition of insoluble non-cellulose polysaccharides (INCP) varied a great deal. Mangos and pummelos of different varieties were different in their sugar composition of INCP. Insoluble non-cellulose polysaccharides of a crisp type of persimmon had more arabinose and galactose, but those of soft persimmon contained mainly xylose. These results show that different types of fruit are distinct in their composition and hence, the properties of their dietary fiber. These data are useful for dietary assessments in Taiwan and South-East Asia.
The findings--diagnosis continuum: implications for image descriptions and clinical databases. (1992)

As part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project, we have been exploring the use of semantic net representation to build a medical ontology that can adapt to the needs and perspective of differing kinds of users with varying purposes. A principal objective is to facilitate indexing and retrieval of objects in a variety of target databases, using their own source vocabularies, while maintaining the representation of concepts to which these source vocabularies refer in a single consistent form, so that retrievals that span resource types can be accommodated. In addition, a particular area of deficiency of the existing UMLS Metathesaurus is that of clinical findings, a part of the problem being the multiple alternative views and granularity levels at which clinical findings are described in different target databases. The problem is particularly obvious when one examines the way in which image findings are described, which may be at a purely perceptual level, or at varying levels of aggregation into higher level observations or interpretations. We have developed a recursive model for representing observations and interpretations in a semantic net along a continuum of degree of aggregation, that appears to lend itself well to adaptation to varying perspectives.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Lightly Salted Minced Cod ( <i>Gadus morhua</i> ) (1986)

ABSTRACT The production of a lightly salted product from minced cod was investigated. The addition of 13% salt to cod mince showed several advantages over the previously employed 25% salt treatment. The lightly salted product had a gelatinous‐fibrous texture which had shape stability after drying and cooking. When dried to 30% moisture, better water binding capacity was seen during rehydration and after cooking, with improved texture as measured on the Instron instrument.
Study on Lane Change Trajectory Planning Considering of Driver Characteristics (2018)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automatic lane change of intelligent vehicles is a complex process. Besides of safety, feelings of the driver and passengers during the lane change are also very important. In this paper, a lane change trajectory planner is designed to generate an ideal collision-free trajectory to satisfy the driver’s preference. Various lane changing modes, gentle lane change, general lane change, radical lane change and personalized lane change, are designed to meet the needs of different passengers on vehicles simultaneously. In this paper, the condition of the two-lane change is studied. One vehicle is in front of the ego vehicle at the same lane and one is at the rear of the ego vehicle at the target lane. A trajectory planning method is then established based on constant speed offset and sine curve, vehicle distances and speed difference, etc. The key factors which can reflect drivers’ lane change characteristics are then acquired. Based on the key factors, lane change decision model and lane change state model are established, which can reflect drivers’ personalized lane change selection and habits based on the traffic environment. The effectiveness of lane change decision model is validated by computer simulations. In order to fit the lane change state model, a BP neural network controller is then developed. The small errors of predicted lane change time demonstrate the effectiveness of the BP neural network. Finally, lane changes with different modes are conducted in MATLAB under different vehicle distances and speed difference. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed trajectory planner can generate collision-free trajectories and shows a good reflection of driver lane change styles. Additionally, multiple lane changing modes add the probability of practical applications. This paper can provide reference for lane change trajectory planning of intelligent vehicles.</div></div>
Structure of Tl2SnTe5 (1991)

Cristallisation dans I4/mcm avec a=8,306, c=15,161 A, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,041. La structure comprend des tetraedres SnTe 4 , des unites de forme plan carre TeTe 4 et deux types d'atomes Tl, dont les polyedres sont des cubes deformes et des antiprismes carres. Les groupements SnTe 4 et TeTe 4 forment des chaines le long de l'axe c. La structure de Tl 2 SnTe 5 ressemble a celle de Tl 2 GeTe 5 , a part l'arrangement different des polyedres dans le dernier cas