gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Flow/Quasi-Steady Heat Transfer Computations on a Turbine Rotor and Comparison With Experiments (2001)

The unsteady flow in stator–rotor interactions affects the structural integrity, aerodynamic performance of the stages, and blade-surface heat transfer. Numerous viscous and inviscid computer programs are used for the prediction of unsteady flows in two-dimensional and three-dimensional stator–rotor interactions. The relative effects of the various components of flow unsteadiness on heat transfer are under investigation. In this paper it is shown that for subsonic cases, the reduced frequency parameter for boundary-layer calculations is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the reduced frequency parameter for the core flow. This means that for typical stator–rotor interactions, the unsteady flow terms are needed to resolve the location of disturbances in the core flow, but in many cases the instantaneous disturbances can be input in steady-flow boundary-layer computations to evaluate boundary-layer effects in a quasi-steady approximation. This hypothesis is tested by comparing computations with experimental data on a turbine rotor for which there are extensive experimental heat transfer data available in the open literature. An unsteady compressible inviscid two-dimensional computer program is used to predict the propagation of the upstream stator disturbances into the downstream rotor passages. The viscous wake (velocity defect) and potential flow (pressure fluctuation) perturbations from the upstream stator are modeled at the computational rotor–inlet boundary. The effects of these interactions on the unsteady rotor flow result in computed instantaneous velocity and pressure fields. The period of the rotor unsteadiness is one stator pitch. The instantaneous velocity fields on the rotor surfaces are input in a steady-flow differential boundary-layer program, which is used to compute the instantaneous heat transfer rate on the rotor blades. The results of these quasi-steady heat-transfer computations are compared with the results of unsteady heat transfer experiments and with the results of previous unsteady heat transfer computations. The unsteady flow fields explain the unsteady amplitudes and phases of the increases and decreases in instantaneous heat transfer rate. It is concluded that the present method is accurate for quantitative predictions of unsteady heat transfer in subsonic turbine flows.
Microbiological stabilization of whey by cross flow microfiltration (1993)

Summary - CFMF of Grana cheese whey, using a 0.8-!1m nominal pore size alumina membrane, reduced bacterial population by an average value of 4.6 decimal reductions. The bacterial count of MF whey always ranged between 0-1.9 log CFU ml-1 and was not proportional to the population of the relevant feed. The 0.8-!1m membrane, when utilised under the technological conditions of this study, retained the natural Grana whey microflora alrnost completely. No significant protein retention was observed. The permeation fluxes of skim whey were > 600 1h-1 rrr2 even after 4.5 h of filtration. CFMF of raw whey showed a decrease in permeation fluxes to ' 70% compared to the skim whey. The use of membranes of 0.1 or 0.45 urn nominal pore size, although presenting a similar microbial removal efficiency, resulted in a higher protein retention and lower permeation fluxes. The current interest in the recovery of heat-sensitive whey proteins may increase the use of CFMF technology for the microbiological stabilization of whey as an alternative to the pasteurization process.
New Frac-Pack Redesign Methodology Improves Estimation of Tip Screenout Post-FET (2007)

Summary When the first frac pack was performed in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) over a decade ago, very little was known about the effects this form of sand control would have on the intended formation. Even less was known about how to optimize the treatment to obtain the most benefit for the formation. Since that time, the sand control community has learned a great deal about the effects and benefits of frac-packing various unconsolidated formations throughout the world. However, most of the knowledge and design criteria have remained housed within the minds of individuals and cannot be looked at as a whole to find trends and fine-tune the design methods currently being used. Another complicating factor is the number of frac models of varying degrees of complexity being used within the industry. Therefore, even though thousands of frac packs have been performed globally, frac-pack redesign methods are still subjective and differ from individual to individual and from model to model. The recent creation of a database that houses selected formation evaluation test (FET) and frac data along with model-specific parameters allows full-scale analysis of a large number of jobs pumped in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). With a consistent analysis procedure in place, the database, populated with numerous treatments by engineers working throughout the GOM, can be analyzed objectively. The data contained in this database include rock mechanics, net pressures, pumping trend data, tip screenout (TSO) times, and other variables. This paper explains the methodology and discusses the results of the database analysis, using case studies to determine the best method for analysis of the jobs. Crossplots show the correlation between TSO prediction and actual events and suggest recommendations for more successful design work in the future. This paper is meant to give up-to-date guidelines for designing better frac packs.
New techniques for dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (2003)

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is one of the major maintenance tools for monitoring faults in high-voltage electrical equipment in service. An increasing number of oil samples are analyzed for DGA in laboratories. This paper, a report of CIGRE Task Force 15-01-07, evaluates several newly developed techniques to extract gas from oils. Five new techniques were investigated, in addition to standard methods, by means of four round robin tests carried out in twenty-five laboratories.
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Applicability Statement (2004)

This document provides a framework for the use of Distance Vector
Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) Version 3 within a multicast
routing domain. It is an interior gateway protocol designed to be used
within an autonomous system.
The MPEG-7 visual standard for content description-an overview (2001)

The MPEG-7 visual standard under development specifies content-based descriptors that allow users or agents (or search engines) to measure similarity in images or video based on visual criteria, and can be used to efficiently identify, filter, or browse images or video based on visual content. More specifically, MPEG-7 specifies color, texture, object shape, global motion, or object motion features for this purpose. This paper outlines the aim, methodologies, and broad details of the MPEG-7 standard development for visual content description.
Luminescent rare earth nanomaterials for bioprobe applications (2008)

Inorganic fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) have initiated an extensive upsurge in biological application research. Just as quantum dots are regarded as a vigorous reinforcement of the organic dye family, rare earth (RE) fluorescent NPs, as another phosphors branch, also possess unique optical characteristics. The advantages of RE NPs in photostability and colorimetric purity make them suitable for bioprobe applications. Since the preparation technologies have been well developed, it is favourable to prompt the research in the interdisciplinary field of biology and material sciences. Herein, we summarize the synthesis and performance, together with bioprobe applications of RE oxide, sulfoxide, vanadate, phosphate, fluoride, and sodium RE fluoride nanomaterials. The prospects of these promising materials as applied in the biological field is described to draw readers' attention and to attract more research interest.
Sulfur-containing Pivalic Acid Derivatives. I. Sulfonyldipivalic Acid (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur-containing Pivalic Acid Derivatives. I. Sulfonyldipivalic AcidJoseph L. Greene Jr. and Hugh J. Hagemeyer Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 11, 3016–3018Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01616a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Various applications of low-cost phased array antennas with mechanical phase shifters (2014)

A new mechanical phase shifter, a new phased array antenna using the phase shifter and its applications will be shown. The structure of new phase shifter is simpler than previous one we had presented which can reduce a cost and a size of the phased array antenna. The advantage in cost contributes to realize new applications adopting phased array antennas. The front of this paper explains the principle of the phase shifter, and three candidates for applications are shown in the end of this paper.
The Plasma Membrane-associated Protein RS1 Decreases Transcription of the Transporter SGLT1 in Confluent LLC-PK1 Cells (2001)

Previously we cloned RS1, a 67-kDa polypeptide that is associated with the intracellular side of the plasma membrane. Upon co-expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, human RS1 decreased the concentration of the Na(+)-D-glucose co-transporter hSGLT1 in the plasma membrane (Valentin, M., Kühlkamp, T., Wagner, K., Krohne, G., Arndt, P., Baumgarten, K., Weber, W.-M., Segal, A., Veyhl, M., and Koepsell, H. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1468, 367-380). Here, the porcine renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 was used to investigate whether porcine RS1 (pRS1) plays a role in transcriptional up-regulation of SGLT1 after confluence and in down-regulation of SGLT1 by high extracellular D-glucose concentrations. Western blots indicated a dramatic decrease of endogenous pRS1 protein at the plasma membrane after confluence but no significant effect of D-glucose. In confluent LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing pRS1, SGLT1 mRNA, protein, and methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptakes were drastically decreased; however, the reduction of methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake after cultivation with 25 mm D-glucose remained. In confluent pRS1 antisense cells, the expression of SGLT1 mRNA and protein was strongly increased, whereas the reduction of SGLT1 expression during cultivation with high D-glucose was not influenced. Nuclear run-on assays showed that the transcription of SGLT1 was 10-fold increased in the pRS1 antisense cells. The data suggest that RS1 participates in transcriptional up-regulation of SGLT1 after confluence but not in down-regulation by D-glucose.
Synthetic approach to the generation of antibody diversity (2015)

The in vitro antibody discovery technologies revolutionized the generation of target-specific antibodies that traditionally relied on the humoral response of immunized animals. An antibody library, a large collection of diverse, pre-constructed antibodies, can be rapidly screened using in vitro display technologies such as phage display. One of the keys to successful in vitro antibody discovery is the quality of the library diversity. Antibody diversity can be obtained either from natural B-cell sources or by the synthetic methods that combinatorially generate random nucleotide sequences. While the functionality of a natural antibody library depends largely upon the library size, various other factors can affect the quality of a synthetic antibody library, making the design and construction of synthetic antibody libraries complicated and challenging. In this review, we present various library designs and diversification methods for synthetic antibody library. From simple degenerate oligonucleotide synthesis to trinucleotide synthesis to physicochemically optimized library design, the synthetic approach is evolving beyond the simple emulation of natural antibodies, into a highly sophisticated method that is capable of producing high quality antibodies suitable for therapeutic, diagnostic, and other demanding applications. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(9): 489-494].
Crystalline structures in organic semiconductors for high-performance OTFT applications (2006)

We have investigated crystalline structures in organic semiconducting thin films with regioregular poly(3-alkyl thiophene)s, pentacene, and oligofluorene-thiophene derivatives, using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. We found that crystalline morphologies and molecular orientation in these thin films strongly affect electric characteristics of these film-based organic thin-thin transistors (OTFTs). Specifically, in solution- and vacuumdeposited films, preferentially perpendicular orientation of π-conjugated crystalline planes with respect to dielectric substrates require results in high-performance charge mobility in the OTFT devices.
Synthesis of load-independent switch-mode power converters (2003)

A method of synthesizing load invariant switch-mode power converters comprising positive current feedback of an exactly specified nature and value of its transfer function is presented. The system transfer function independent of load is realized while the stability and dynamics of the system are controlled by an additional voltage loop. The development of the proposed method, computer simulation results, and experimental results are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Effects of Amitriptyline and Amineptine in Patients Affected by Anxious Depression (1995)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the therapeutic efficacy of two antidepressants with different neurochemical mechanisms of action, amitriptyline and amineptine, was investigated in patients affected by anxious depression. Sixty-six patients with the primary diagnosis of major depression or bipolar affective disorder (DSM-III-R) and meeting additional operational clinical criteria such as anxiety, trepidation, restlessness, early and/or late insomnia, impulsivity, hostility, dysphoria, compulsivity, hyperperspiration, palpitation, pollakiuria and phobias were included. They were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 22) and treated either with placebo, amitriptyline (up to 100 mg/day) or amineptine (up to 200 mg/day) for 6 weeks. Patients showed better response to amitriptyline, a preferential inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, than to amineptine, a selective inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. The present results suggest that alterations in serotonergic rather than dopaminergic transmission contribute to the pathophysiology of anxious depression.
T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) transmembrane peptides (2010)

Cell surface membranes are generally considered as inert and hydrophobic providing a stable physical barrier that anchor proteins and maintain cellular homeostasis between the intra- and the extra-cellular environment. The integral proteins that transverse membranes do so once or multiple times and can function alone or as part of a larger complex. Far from being inert, there is a multiplicity of biophysical factors that drive protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions within membranes that are being increasingly recognised as very important for cellular function. Unravelling these "hot-spots" on the contact surface of transmembrane (TM) proteins and targeting peptides to these sites to interrupt the cohesive interaction between the proteins provides both an enormous challenge and a huge therapeutic potential that as yet remains unrecognized. Indeed, with biopharmaceutical research on the rise, TM peptides may prove a useful innovation. Using the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) as a model system of multi-subunits interacting at the TM via electrostatic charges the potential for peptides as therapeutic agents to interfere with normal immune responses is discussed. The principles of such can be extended to other similar receptor systems including those involved in cancer or infection.
Sex with Support Vector Machines (2000)

Nonlinear Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are investigated for visual sex classification with low resolution &quot;thumbnail&quot; faces (21by -12 pixels) processed from 1,755 images from the FERET face database. The performance of SVMs is shown to be superior to traditional pattern classifiers (Linear, Quadratic, Fisher Linear Discriminant, Nearest-Neighbor) as well as more modern techniques such as Radial Basis Function (RBF) classifiers and large ensembleRBF networks. Furthermore, the SVM performance (3.4% error) is currently the best result reported in the open literature.
Temperature Dependence of the Activity of DNA‐Modifying Enzymes: Endonucleases and DNA Ligase (1982)

The activities of 17 endonucleases: the restriction endonucleases AvaI, Bam HI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI and SalI, which cleave pBR322 DNA once: AluI, AvaII, CfoI, HaeIII, HhaI, HinfI, HpaII and TaqI, which cut pBR322 DNA several times, and three 'unspecific' nucleases (S1 nuclease, staphylococcal nuclease and DNase I from bovine pancreas) were determined between 0 degrees and 65 degrees C. The reaction was followed by the disappearance of covalently closed circular pBR322 DNA, using the alkaline ethidium fluorescence assay of Morgan et al. [Nucleic Acids Res. (1979) 7, 547-594]; the activity of T4 DNA ligase was similarly measured by the conversion of nicked circular DNA to closed circular DNA. For each enzyme, small aliquots of the same solution were incubated at different temperatures simultaneously in a temperature gradient device, resulting in a high relative precision. The experimental results are summarized by the simplest possible theoretical description, using linear or exponential kinetics and apparent activation energies Ea for the enzymatic reaction, Ei for the enzyme inactivation and Ti for the inactivation temperature. To a good approximation these three parameters suffice for describing the temperature dependence of the activity of most of the enzymes.
Inferring generic activities and events from image content and bags of geo-tags (2008)

The use of contextual information in building concept detectors for digital media has caught the attention of the multimedia community in the recent years. Generally speaking, any information extracted from image headers or tags, or from large collections of related images and used at classification time, can be considered as contextual. Such information, being discriminative in its own right, when combined with pure content-based detection systems using pixel information, can improve the overall recognition performance significantly. In this paper, we describe a framework for probabilistically modeling geographical information using a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) database for event and activity recognition in general-purpose consumer images, such as those obtained from Flickr. The proposed framework discriminatively models the statistical saliency of geo-tags in describing an activity or event. Our work leverages the inherent patterns of association between events and their geographical venues. We use descriptions of small local neighborhoods to form bags of geo tags as our representation. Statistical coherence is observed in such descriptions across a wide range of event classes and across many different users. In order to test our approach, we identify certain classes of activities and events wherein people commonly participate and take pictures. Images and corresponding metadata, for the identified events and activities, are obtained from Flickr. We employ visual detectors obtained from Columbia University (Columbia 374), which perform pure visual event and activity recognition. In our experiments, we present the performance advantage obtained by combining contextual GPS information with pixel-based detection systems.
STUDIES IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1935)

In previous papers it has been shown that a series of histologic pictures resembling those of "postinfectious encephalomyelitis" may be produced in animals by a variety of agents, such as minute doses of tetanus toxin, carbon monoxide poisoning and certain types of embolism.<sup>1</sup>The pathologic alterations ranged, sometimes in a single specimen, from mild perivascular infiltrations with glia and occasional lymphocytic cells through areas of damage to and loss of perivascular myelin to areas of softening and destruction of the axis-cylinders. In one instance, more than a year after the original injection of tetanus toxin, lesions were found which closely simulated those of multiple sclerosis,<sup>2</sup>with plaques of loss of myelin, but with almost complete preservation of the axiscylinders and with local gliosis. Multiple sclerosis has been observed as a sequel of "postinfectious encephalomyelitis,"<sup>3</sup>and the hypothesis that all of these conditions represent variants of the same
Combining Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and hydrocarbon reactions in one reactor (2009)

The present study addresses the combination of low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and hydrocarbon modification reactions (hydroprocessing) in one reactor. The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of CO during hydroprocessing reactions of hydrocarbon model compounds on two different bifunctional catalysts. In addition, the influence of the catalyst-bed configuration for the combination FTS and hydrocarbon reactions was investigated. Umfang: IV, 170 S. Preis: €23.90 | £22.00 | $42.00
Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Expression (1995)

The reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The suppression of NO production may be fundamental for survival of neurons. Here, we report that pretreatment of human ramified microglial cells with nearly physiological levels of exogenous NO prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-inducible NO synthesis, because by affecting NF-kappa B activation it inhibits inducible Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase isoform (iNOS) mRNA expression. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we have found that both NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and authentic NO solution are able to inhibit LPS/TNF alpha-inducible iNOS gene expression; this effect was reversed by reduced hemoglobin, a trapping agent for NO. The early presence of SNP during LPS/TNF alpha induction is essential for inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. Furthermore, SNP is capable of inhibiting LPS/TNF alpha-inducible nitrite release, as determined by Griess reaction. Finally, using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we have shown that SNP inhibits LPS/TNF alpha-elicited NF-kappa B activation. This suggests that inhibition of iNOS gene expression by exogenous NO may be ascribed to a decreased NF-kappa B availability.