gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compression for data archiving and backup revisited (2009)

Data deduplication is a simple, dictionary based compression method that became very popular in storage archiving and backup. It has the advantage of direct, random access to any piece ("chunk") of a file in one table lookup; that's not the case with differential file compression, the other common storage archival method. The compression efficiency (chunk matching) of deduplication improves for smaller chunk sizes, however the sequence of hashes replacing the deduplicated object (file) increases significantly. Within the sequence of chunks that an object is decomposed, sub-sequences of adjacent chunks tend to repeat. We exploit this insight first in an online scheme used to reduce the amount of hash metadata generated. With each newly created entry in the chunk repository we add a "chronological" pointer linking this entry with the next new entry, in time order. When the hashes produced by the chunker follow the chronological pointers we encode them as a "sequence of hashes" by specifying the first hash in the sequence and the length of the sequence. The shrinkage is orders of magnitude smaller than what a customary compression algorithm (gzip) achieves and has a significant impact on the overall deduplication efficiency when relatively small chunks are used. A second scheme is also introduced that optimizes the chunk sizes by joining repeated sub-sequences of small chunks into new "super chunks" with the constraint to achieve practically the same matching performance. We employ suffix arrays to find these repeating subsequences and to determine a new encoding that covers the original sequence. As a result, fewer chunks are used to represent a file, reducing fragmentation i.e. the number of disk accesses needed to reconstruct the file, and requiring fewer entries in the chunk dictionary and fewer hashes to encode a file. As the experimental results show, this method provides over 10 time reduction in fragmentation and over 5 times reduction in the number of entries in repository while achieving similar or slightly better overall deduplication ratios.
Valence-Band Parameters in Cubic Semiconductors (1971)

A five-level $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}$ analysis is used to compute the principal effective-mass parameters at $k=0$ in diamond- and zinc-blende-type semiconductors. A semiempirical model is developed to describe the dependence of the momentum matrix elements on lattice constant, ionicity, and $d$-electron shells in the cores. Satisfactory agreement with available experimental data is achieved with six fitted parameters.
Characterization and organization of DNA sequences adjacent to the human telomere associated repeat (TTAGGG)<sub>n</sub> (1990)

We present a strategy for the cloning of DNA sequences adjacent to the tandemly repeated DNA sequence (TTAGGG)n. Sequence analysis of 14 independently isolated clones revealed the presence of non-repetitive sequences immediately adjacent to or flanked by blocks of the simple repeat (TTAGGG)n. In addition, we provide sequence information on two previously undescribed tandemly repeated sequences, including a 9 bp repeat and a modification of the (TTAGGG)n repeat. Using different mapping approaches six sub-clones, free of the TTAGGG repeat, were assigned to a single human chromosome. Moreover, in situ hybridization mapped one of these subclones, G2 - 1H, definitively to the telomeric band on chromosome 4q. However, Bal 31 insensitivity suggests a location in a more subterminal region. All the (TTAGGG)n-adjacent unique sequences tested are highly conserved among primates but are not present in other mammalian species. Identification and mapping of TTAGGG-adjacent sequences will provide a refined insight into the genomic organization of the (TTAGGG)n repeat. The isolation of chromosome specific TTAGGG-adjacent sequences from subtelomeric regions of all human chromosomes will serve as important end points for the genetic maps and will be useful for the molecular characterization of chromosomal rearrangements involving telomeres.
Designs of apochromats and superachromatic objectives (1998)

This paper reviews the methods of selecting optical materials for designing apochromatic and superachromatic lenses. The application of these glass combinations to the design of photographic lenses and microscope objectives is reported.
CONGESTION ASSESSMENT IN LONDON (1989)

Description des techniques mises en œuvre pour la regulation par la signalisation commandee par le trafic, la detection des accidents et l'inversion des sens d'ecoulement dans certaines voies
Anonymity versus Perceived Patron Identity in Virtual Reference Transcripts (2012)

Librarians who provide virtual reference services often perceive that their patrons self-identify to some degree, even when transactions are anonymous. They also develop a sense of patrons' greatest research-related needs over time. In this article, two librarians analyze two years' worth of virtual reference transcripts to determine what patrons actually disclose about their identities and their needs. The authors discuss the benefits of both preserving anonymity and perceiving needs and identity. The authors also suggest a framework and methodology that other librarians may use to perform similar investigations at their libraries.
Leukocyte-Mimicking Stem Cell Delivery via in Situ Coating of Cells with a Bioactive Hyperbranched Polyglycerol (2013)

Since stem cells emerged as a new generation of medicine, there are increasing efforts to deliver stem cells to a target tissue via intravascular injection. However, the therapeutic stem cells lack the capacity to detect and adhere to the target tissue. Therefore, this study presents synthesis of a bioactive hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) that can noninvasively associate with stem cells and further guide them to target sites, such as inflamed endothelium. The overall process is analogous to the way in which leukocytes are mobilized to the injured endothelium.
Optimized SU-8 Processing for Low-Cost Microstructures Fabrication without Cleanroom Facilities (2014)

The study and optimization of epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) microstructures through a low-cost process and without the need for cleanroom facility is presented in this paper. It is demonstrated that the Ultraviolet Rays (UV) exposure equipment, commonly used in the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) industry, can replace the more expensive and less available equipment, as the Mask Aligner that has been used in the last 15 years for SU-8 patterning. Moreover, high transparency masks, printed in a photomask, are used, instead of expensive chromium masks. The fabrication of well-defined SU-8 microstructures with aspect ratios more than 20 is successfully demonstrated with those facilities. The viability of using the gray-scale technology in the photomasks for the fabrication of 3D microstructures is also reported. Moreover, SU-8 microstructures for different applications are shown throughout the paper.
Soluble rigid-flexible polyethers containing bis(biphenyl)anthracene or bis(styryl)anthracene units in the main chain for light-emitting applications (1999)

New rigid–flexible polyethers containing bis(biphenyl)anthracene or bis(styryl)anthracene units in the main chain were synthesized and characterized by viscosimetry, thermal and mechanical analysis, NMR, UV-vis, and luminescence spectroscopy. The polyethers containing bis(styryl)anthracene units in the main chain form free-standing films either from solution casting or after melt pressing at temperatures where they are thermally stable. The length of the flexible spacer influences the thermal and mechanical behavior of these polymers. The isotropization temperature as well as the glass transition temperature show an odd–even effect depending on the spacer segment length. Films with high modulus at room temperature and glass transition temperatures in the range 74–103°C were obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis. These polymers show bright-yellow photoluminescence with maximum at 580 nm in solution. In the solid state, the luminescence maximum is either red or blue shifted depending on the number of the methylene units in the aliphatic segment. The polyethers containing bis(biphenyl)anthracene units in the main chain are blue-light-emitting polymers with photoluminescence maxima at 435 and 455 nm in solution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3826–3837, 1999
Long Range Acoustic Propagation Project. BLAKE TEST Synopsis Report (1973)

Abstract : The ACODAC exercise known as the BLAKE TEST was an outgrowth of the LRAPP environmental acoustics operation in the Caribbean during the fall of 1972. This exercise raised some questions regarding the self noise of ACODAC systems and the overall performance of the hydrophone array which had broken free and from which no usable data were recovered. The BLAKE TEST also served as a training precursor for the extensive series of ACODAC deployments scheduled for the Pacific in 1973 from R/V NORTH SEAL.
In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of Sanfetrinem Cilexetil, a New Oral Tricyclic Antibiotic (1998)

The in vivo antibacterial activities of a new oral trinem, sanfetrinem cilexetil (a prodrug of sanfetrinem), were evaluated in comparison with those of cefdinir and amoxicillin. Sanfetrinem cilexetil showed potent efficacy against experimental murine septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli and against murine respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Likewise, in murine models of respiratory infection by penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, sanfetrinem cilexetil was more effective than amoxicillin in reducing the number of bacteria in infected lungs. These results were reflected in its potent in vitro activity and high levels in plasma.
Sunscreens – what's important to know (2008)

The popularity of sunscreens dramatically increased since ultraviolet irradiation was implicated in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and skin ageing. The absorption properties, safety, photostability of different organic and inorganic filters are reviewed: para-aminobenzoic acid, salicylates, cinnamates, benzophenones, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), drometrizole trisulphonic (Mexoryl XL), terephthalydene dicamphor sulphonic acid (Mexoryl SX), methylene bisbenzotriazol tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinasorb M), anisotriazine (Tinasorb S), titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Furthermore, this review discusses the optimal methods for measuring the protection that a sunscreen offers, the role of sunscreen use in melanoma prevention and future trends in sunscreen filters development.
Cost-effective way to enhance the capabilities of the LCLS baseline (2010)

This paper discusses the potential for enhancing the LCLS hard X-ray FEL capabilities. In the hard X-ray regime, a high longitudinal coherence will be the key to such performance upgrade. The method considered here to obtain high longitudinal coherence is based on a novel single-bunch self-seeding scheme exploiting a single crystal monochromator, which is extremely compact and can be straightforwardly installed in the LCLS baseline undulator. We present simulation results dealing with the LCLS hard X-ray FEL, and show that this method can produce fully-coherent X-ray pulses at 100 GW power level. With the radiation beam monochromatized down to the Fourier transform limit, a variety of very different techniques leading to further improvements of the LCLS performance become feasible. In particular, we describe an efficient way for obtaining full polarization control at the LCLS hard X-ray FEL. We also propose to exploit crystals in the Bragg reflection geometry as movable deflectors for the LCLS X-ray transport systems. The hard X-ray beam can be deflected of an angle of order of a radian without perturbations. The monochromatization of the output radiation constitutes the key for reaching such result. Finally, we describe a new optical pump - hard X-ray probe technique which will allow time-resolved studies at the LCLS baseline on the femtosecond time scale. The principle of operation of the proposed scheme is essentially based on the use of the time jitter between pump and probe pulses. This eliminates the need for timing XFELs to high-power conventional lasers with femtosecond accuracy.
Subspace learning in non-Gaussian log-concave noise (2005)

We consider subspace learning from measurements corrupted by log-concave random noise. The class includes, but is not limited to, generalized Gaussian (GG) noise with shape parameter greater than or equal to unity, log-concave spherically invariant random processes (SIRPs), and their generalizations to norm invariant random processes (NIRPs). The noise properties need not be constant in the independent time and/or space variable. Necessary conditions are derived and they are computationally simpler when factorability properties are applicable, as is the case with GG's, SIRP's, and NIRPs when the signal space is one-dimensional.
A comparison of the allergic responses induced by Penicillium chrysogenum and house dust mite extracts in a mouse model (2010)

Our data suggest that Penicillium chrysogenum is a robust allergen and may be a more potent allergen source than house dust mite (HDM) in this mouse model. Two critical factors in the development of human allergic disease, exposure levels and sensitization thresholds, are unknown for most allergens including molds/fungi. Human exposure levels are not within the scope of this article. However, the data presented suggest a threshold dose for the induction of allergic responsiveness to P. chrysogenum. Additionally, P. chrysogenum as well as other molds may play an important role in asthma development in our society.
CONVERTING IMAGES TO MUSIC USING THEIR COLOUR PROPERTIES (2006)

Music is associated to colors since ancient years. Different mappings between attributes of sound and images allow the efficient conversion between the two types of media. The proposed method for converting images to music using the concept of chromaticism provides the area of computer music with a parameterized environment for audio-visual presentations. The auditory display of colour images may bring the different ways that a listener perceives a musical piece (because of colour transitions) to light. A design template for chromatic synthesis is described. A short example, based on a graphical digital icon, demonstrates the preliminary results. 1.
Average Current Reduction in (W)CDMA Power Amplifiers (2006)

Statistical average current consumption of conventional CDMA and WCDMA [(W)CDMA] power amplifiers is compared to that obtained by using DC-DC converters, analog bias control, and low power efficiency enhancement (LPEE) techniques. A discussion of theoretical limits, strengths, and weaknesses for each approach is presented.
Adeno-associated viral vector-induced overexpression of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors in the hippocampus suppresses seizures (2010)

Gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors overexpressing neuropeptide Y in the hippocampus exerts seizure-suppressant effects in rodent epilepsy models and is currently considered for clinical application in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure suppression by neuropeptide Y in the hippocampus is predominantly mediated by Y2 receptors, which, together with neuropeptide Y, are upregulated after seizures as a compensatory mechanism. To explore whether such upregulation could prevent seizures, we overexpressed Y2 receptors in the hippocampus using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. In two temporal lobe epilepsy models, electrical kindling and kainate-induced seizures, vector-based transduction of Y2 receptor complementary DNA in the hippocampus of adult rats exerted seizure-suppressant effects. Simultaneous overexpression of Y2 and neuropeptide Y had a more pronounced seizure-suppressant effect. These results demonstrate that overexpression of Y2 receptors (alone or in combination with neuropeptide Y) could be an alternative strategy for epilepsy treatment.
A 6.7-to-9.2GHz 55nm CMOS hybrid Class-B/Class-C cellular TX VCO (2012)

The design of very-wide-band CMOS voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) compliant with the phase-noise specifications of cellular transmitters is non-trivial, especially considering the GSM standard, where the phase noise exhibited by the local oscillator (LO, generated by the cascade of VCO, buffers, and usually frequency dividers) should be several dB below -162dBc/Hz at 20MHz frequency offset from the carrier. As shown in [1], challenging phase-noise requirements can embrace the WCDMA transmitter as well (e.g. -166dBc/Hz at 45MHz frequency offset for WCDMA band VIII), if cheap antenna duplexers are chosen to minimize costs. In such scenarios, and particularly in the very relevant case of WCDMA transmitting at moderate power levels, the LO power efficiency is still one of the limiting factors for a long-lasting battery life, motivating the ongoing quest for VCO power optimization.
Persistent Na<sup>+</sup>Current Modifies Burst Discharge By Regulating Conditional Backpropagation of Dendritic Spikes (2003)

The estimation and detection of stimuli by sensory neurons is affected by factors that govern a transition from tonic to burst mode and the frequency characteristics of burst output. Pyramidal cells in the electrosensory lobe of weakly electric fish generate spike bursts for the purpose of stimulus detection. Spike bursts are generated during repetitive discharge when a frequency-dependent broadening of dendritic spikes increases current flow from dendrite to soma to potentiate a somatic depolarizing afterpotential (DAP). The DAP eventually triggers a somatic spike doublet with an interspike interval that falls inside the dendritic refractory period, blocking spike backpropagiation and the DAP. Repetition of this process gives rise to a rhythmic dendritic spike failure, termed conditional backpropagation, that converts cell output from tonic to burst discharge. Through in vitro recordings and compartmental modeling we show that burst frequency is regulated by the rate of DAP potentiation during a burst, which determines the time required to discharge the spike doublet that blocks backpropagation. DAP potentiation is magnified through a positive feedback process when an increase in dendritic spike duration activates persistent sodium current (I(NaP)). I(NaP) further promotes a slow depolarization that induces a shift from tonic to burst discharge over time. The results are consistent with a dynamical systems analysis that shows that the threshold separating tonic and burst discharge can be represented as a saddle-node bifurcation. The interaction between dendritic K(+) current and I(NaP) provides a physiological explanation for a variable time scale of bursting dynamics characteristic of such a bifurcation.
<i>Ab Initio</i> Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds. 5. Interactions of Dianionic Bisphosphonate Compounds with Magnesium and Calcium (1996)

Bisphosphonates are characterized by a P−C−P backbone angle and two phosphonic acid groups bonded to the same carbon atom. Two clodronate-type compounds, dianionic methylenebisphosphonate (MBP) and (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP), were selected for study. Molecular geometries and energetics were calculated, and their interactions with cationic magnesium and calcium ions were investigated in the gas phase by ab initio molecular orbital methods. Energetically different metal-binding sites were identified. The metal-binding models were extended through the addition of six explicit water molecules to the complexes. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed in the water sphere. The explicit models of MBP−Ca−water and MBP−Mg−water complexes were completed by adding a water medium produced by the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method. The 3-21G(*) basis set was used in all the ab initio MO calculations, and relaxed molecular geometries are reported for the studied complexes. Model reactions were used to study the energetics of the various complexes.
Inflammatory triggers of acute rejection of organ allografts (2014)

Solid organ transplantation is a vital therapy for end stage diseases. Decades of research have established that components of the adaptive immune system are critical for transplant rejection, but the role of the innate immune system in organ transplantation is just emerging. Accumulating evidence indicates that the innate immune system is activated at the time of organ implantation by the release of endogenous inflammatory triggers. This review discusses the nature of these triggers in organ transplantation and also potential mediators that may enhance inflammation resolution after organ implantation.
NNORC-a neural network for the optical character recognition (1994)

Neural networks (NN) provide a promising approach to solve problems which are very hard for classical artificial intelligence, in fact due to their generalization capability and noise insensitivity, they have been applied to pattern recognition with very encouraging results. In this paper a multilayer backpropagation neural network for optical character recognition (NNORC) is presented. NNORC acquires data from a scanner system, recognizes the typewritten characters, assigns them an ASCII code and stores the informations in a computer file, accessible from any available program for further processing such as editing databases and cross-checking comparisons. The implemented system NNORC runs on PC 486-33 MHZ and starting from documents of omnifonts type of the Latin alphabet recognises 20 characters per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noise-Assisted Instantaneous Coherence Analysis of Brain Connectivity (2012)

Characterizing brain connectivity between neural signals is key to understanding brain function. Current measures such as coherence heavily rely on Fourier or wavelet transform, which inevitably assume the signal stationarity and place severe limits on its time-frequency resolution. Here we addressed these issues by introducing a noise-assisted instantaneous coherence (NAIC) measure based on multivariate mode empirical decomposition (MEMD) coupled with Hilbert transform to achieve high-resolution time frequency representation of neural coherence. In our method, fully data-driven MEMD, together with Hilbert transform, is first employed to provide time-frequency power spectra for neural data. Such power spectra are typically sparse and of high resolution, that is, there usually exist many zero values, which result in numerical problems for directly computing coherence. Hence, we propose to add random noise onto the spectra, making coherence calculation feasible. Furthermore, a statistical randomization procedure is designed to cancel out the effect of the added noise. Computer simulations are first performed to verify the effectiveness of NAIC. Local field potentials collected from visual cortex of macaque monkey while performing a generalized flash suppression task are then used to demonstrate the usefulness of our NAIC method to provide highresolution time-frequency coherence measure for connectivity analysis of neural data.