gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A path-matching timing optimization in physical design for DDR port of a global switch chip (2012)

Nowadays, collective communication is becoming the bottleneck of the problem when processing large scale communication. The global network switching chip (D6000GSW) is the core component of Dawning 6000 network system, which realizes the high speed collective communication between the nodes in the computing system. The RX/TX ports of the chip are using DDR transferring mode, so it is important to meet the timing of the these ports. During the physical design stage, various placement and routing will affect the timing result of the DDR ports. The OCV effect will make timing even worse. So in the physical design, we need optimize the timing of these input/output paths. In this paper, a path-matching method which include a full flow from defining the timing constraint to engineering change order(ECO) is present to optimize this SSD timing. The main idea of this method is matching the clock path delay and the data path delay in the DDR port to be identical. Thus the respective timing phase of the input/output data and input/output clock will be good for next level chip. Here we also customize a new pad cell called “WYSSTL2C”. The new pad merges the IO pad and the DDR logic cells together in order to make the data path delay and clock path delay be equal. When the two path is well matched, it is good for the timing closure. Finally, the chip is taped out and passed the testing that prove the design flow is effective.
NKT cells, Treg, and their interactions in bone marrow transplantation (2010)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Tumor eradication is promoted by the anti-tumor activity of donor T cells contained in the transplant; however, donor T cells also mediate the serious side effect of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Separation of GVHD from graft anti-tumor activity is an important goal of research in improving transplant outcome. One approach is to take advantage of the immunomodulatory activity of regulatory NKT cells and CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg of host and/or donor origin. Both host and donor NKT cells and donor Treg are able to prevent GVHD in murine models. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of NKT cell- and Treg-mediated protection against GVHD in mice while maintaining graft anti-tumor activity. In addition, we also examine the interactions between NKT cells and Treg in the context of BMT, and integrate the data from murine experimental models with the observations made in humans.
Nutrition of Staff in a Sector Hospital (1943)

The following observations upon the nutrition of 22 probationer nurses at a large London teaching hospital evacuated to the country may be of interest. They were made during the first three months of 1943, a time of year at which green vegetables are scarce and fresh fruit unobtainable. The subjects took all their meals in the institution, having no additions to their diet except occasional buns and sweets. The findings on a small group of laboratory staff at the same hospital who received home-prepared diets with full civilian rations are included for comparison. The results for the two groups are given in the following table: Vitamin C Excretion in mg. Urea Serum R.B.C. After After g. per Protein in HbY, Initial 250 mg. 2 4 hrs. Po Mills. Le'vel 250cg Daily Means ..
Three phases of DiGeorge/22q11 deletion syndrome pathogenesis during brain development: Patterning, proliferation, and mitochondrial functions of 22q11 genes (2010)

DiGeorge, or 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most common survivable human genetic deletion disorder, is caused by deletion of a minimum of 32 contiguous genes on human chromosome 22, and presumably results from diminished dosage of one, some, or all of these genes--particularly during development. Nevertheless, the normal functions of 22q11 genes in the embryo or neonate, and their contribution to developmental pathogenesis that must underlie 22q11DS are not well understood. Our data suggests that a substantial number of 22q11 genes act specifically and in concert to mediate early morphogenetic interactions and subsequent cellular differentiation at phenotypically compromised sites--the limbs, heart, face and forebrain. When dosage of a broad set of these genes is diminished, early morphogenesis is altered, and initial 22q11DS phenotypes are established. Thereafter, functionally similar subsets of 22q11 genes--especially those that influence the cell cycle or mitochondrial function--remain expressed, particularly in the developing cerebral cortex, to regulate neurogenesis and synaptic development. When dosage of these genes is diminished, numbers, placement and connectivity of neurons and circuits essential for normal behavior may be disrupted. Such disruptions likely contribute to vulnerability for schizophrenia, autism, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder seen in most 22q11DS patients.
Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by adenosine analogues in preparations of broken and intact human platelets. Evidence for the unidirectional control of platelet function by cyclic AMP (1978)

Whereas adenosine itself exerted independent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the adenylate cyclase activity of a platelet particulate fraction at low and high concentrations respectively, 2-substituted and N6-monosubstituted adenosines had stimulatory but greatly decreased inhibitory effects. Deoxyadenosines, on the other hand, had enhanced inhibitory but no stimulatory effects. The most potent inhibitors found were, in order of increasing activity, 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine (SQ 22536), 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine 3′-monophosphate. Kinetic studies on prostaglandin E1-activated adenylate cyclase showed that the inhibition caused by either 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine or compound SQ 22536 was non-competitive with MgATP and that the former compound, at least, showed negative co-operativity; 50% inhibition was observed with 4 micron-2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine or 13 micron-SQ 22536. These two compounds also inhibited both the basal and prostaglandin E1-activated adenylate cyclase activities of intact platelets, when these were measured as the increases in cyclic [3H]AMP in platelets that had been labelled with [3H]adenine and were then incubated briefly with papaverine or papaverine and prostaglandin E1. Both compounds, but particularly 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine, markedly decreased the inhibition by prostaglandin E1 of platelet aggregation induced by ADP or [arginine]vasopressin as well as the associated increases in platelet cyclic AMP, so providing further evidence that the effects of prostaglandin E1 on platelet aggregation are mediated by cyclic AMP. 2′-Deoxyadenosine 3′-monophosphate did not affect the inhibition of aggregation by prostaglandin E1, suggesting that the site of action of deoxyadenosine derivatives on adenylate cyclase is intracellular. Neither 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine nor compound SQ 22536 alone induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, neither compound potentiated platelet aggregation or the platelet release reaction when suboptimal concentrations of ADP, [arginine]vasopressin, collagen or arachidonate were added to heparinized or citrated platelet-rich plasma in the absence of prostaglandin E1. These results show that cyclic AMP plays no significant role in the responses of platelets to aggregating agents in the absence of compounds that increase the platelet cyclic AMP concentration above the resting value.
Correction: Comparison of Soil Respiration in Typical Conventional and New Alternative Cereal Cropping Systems on the North China Plain (2013)

We monitored soil respiration (Rs), soil temperature (T) and volumetric water content (VWC%) over four years in one typical conventional and four alternative cropping systems to understand Rs in different cropping systems with their respective management practices and environmental conditions. The control was conventional double-cropping system (winter wheat and summer maize in one year -Con.W/M). Four alternative cropping systems were designed with optimum water and N management, i.e. optimized winter wheat and summer maize (Opt.W/M), three harvests every two years (first year, winter wheat and summer maize or soybean; second year, fallow then spring maize -W/M-M and W/S-M), and single spring maize per year (M). Our results show that Rs responded mainly to the seasonal variation in T but was also greatly affected by straw return, root growth and soil moisture changes under different cropping systems. The mean seasonal CO 2 emissions in Con.W/M were 16.8 and 15.1 Mg CO 2 ha 21 for summer maize and winter wheat, respectively, without straw return. They increased significantly by 26 and 35% in Opt.W/M, respectively, with straw return. Under the new alternative cropping systems with straw return, W/M-M showed similar Rs to Opt.W/M, but total CO 2 emissions of W/S-M decreased sharply relative to Opt.W/M when soybean was planted to replace summer maize. Total CO 2 emissions expressed as the complete rotation cycles of W/S-M, Con.W/M and M treatments were not significantly different. Seasonal CO 2 emissions were significantly correlated with the sum of carbon inputs of straw return from the previous season and the aboveground biomass in the current season, which explained 60% of seasonal CO 2 emissions. T and VWC% explained up to 65% of Rs using the exponential-power and double exponential models, and the impacts of tillage and straw return must therefore be considered for accurate modeling of Rs in this geographical region.
Alternative binder phases for WC cemented carbides (2014)

WC cemented carbides are composites consisting of WC and a binder phase. WC/Co is widely used as cutting tools due to its excellent combination of hardness and toughness. This thesis work was performed at the R&amp;D department of Sandvik Coromant and aimed to find the alternative binder phase to substitute cobalt. Several compositions of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Co binder have been investigated in this study. The WC/Co reference samples were also prepared. The initial compositions were decided by the CALPHAD method. The samples were then produced by the means of powder metallurgy. The producing conditions, especially the sintering conditions, were manipulated to achieve full dense and uniform samples. The samples were analyzed by XRD, LOM, SEM, and EDS. Mechanical properties test has also been performed.The results showed that adjustment on carbon content is necessary to attain desirable structure. Increasing Fe content in the binder tends to make the materials harder. For Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Co, the martensitic transformation is essential to the mechanical performance. The induced “transformation toughening” in 72Fe28Ni and 82Fe18Ni binders significantly promoted the toughness. Furthermore, the grain growth inhibition by Fe was confirmed. The relations between sintering temperature, grain size and mechanical properties have been discussed. Compared with the WC/Co references, several compositions showed close and even superior mechanical performance which might provide solutions for the future alternative binder phase.
The human milk oligosaccharide 2′-fucosyllactose attenuates the severity of experimental necrotising enterocolitis by enhancing mesenteric perfusion in the neonatal intestine (2016)

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants characterised by intestinal ischaemia and necrosis. The only effective preventative strategy against NEC is the administration of breast milk, although the protective mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesise that an abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in breast milk, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), protects against NEC by enhancing intestinal mucosal blood flow, and we sought to determine the mechanisms underlying this protection. Administration of HMO-2'FL protected against NEC in neonatal wild-type mice, resulted in a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers and preserved the small intestinal mucosal architecture. These protective effects occurred via restoration of intestinal perfusion through up-regulation of the vasodilatory molecule endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as administration of HMO-2'FL to eNOS-deficient mice or to mice that received eNOS inhibitors did not protect against NEC, and by 16S analysis HMO-2'FL affected the microbiota of the neonatal mouse gut, although these changes do not seem to be the primary mechanism of protection. Induction of eNOS by HMO-2'FL was also observed in cultured endothelial cells, providing a link between eNOS and HMO in the endothelium. These data demonstrate that HMO-2'FL protects against NEC in part through maintaining mesenteric perfusion via increased eNOS expression, and suggest that the 2'FL found in human milk may be mediating some of the protective benefits of breast milk in the clinical setting against NEC.
A novel optical imaging system for investigating sarcomere dynamics in single skeletal muscle fibers (2006)

The protein substructure of skeletal muscle fibers forms a diffraction grating with repeating units, termed 'sarcomeres'. A laser scanning system is described that maps the lengths of sarcomeres (SL) and the widths of the first-order diffraction lines (DLW) of permeabilized single fibers in real-time. The apparatus translates a laser beam (λ = 670 nm and w<sub>0</sub> = ~75 μm) along the length of a fiber segment through 20 contiguous regions per sweep at 500 sweeps/s. The fiber segments (~1 mm long) were obtained from <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscles of humans by needle biopsy. During both passive stretches and maximum fixed-end activations, the mappings of SL and DLW of the fibers were extracted from the diffraction spectra. Heterogeneity of SLs was evaluated by computing the standard deviation ( σ<sub>SL</sub>) of the 20 SLs measured during a single sweep. Compared with the σ<sub>SL</sub> before a passive stretch, the increase of 5±0.5% in σ<sub>SL</sub> after the passive stretch, indicated differences in passive length-tension relationships along the fiber. In contrast, no change, ~0.5±0.1%, was observed in DLW. Within 10s after the fiber was returned to its initial length, the shape of the SL profile returned close to pre-stretch conditions ( σ<sub>SL</sub> = 1± 0.2%). Following maximum Ca<sup>2+</sup> - activation of the fiber, the heterogeneity of the steady state SLs increased greatly (DLW up by ~300% and σ<sub>SL</sub> up by ~100%). The scanning system provided high resolution tracking of sarcomere behavior single muscle fibers. Potential applications are for studies of the mechanisms of muscle fiber injury and injury propagation.
Formation of Cu3Si and its catalytic effect on silicon oxidation at room temperature (1991)

Copper forms three silicides which are stable at room temperature, with compositions of Cu5Si, Cu15Si4, and Cu3Si. The sequence of formation of these phases in Cu–Si bilayers is described. Cu3Si is always the first phase formed by annealing to 200 °C, and is the stable phase on bulk Si. We show that Cu3Si has a dramatic effect on the oxidation of (100) silicon.While thermal oxidation of Si is normally carried out at temperatures above 700 °C, the process described here produces a thick layer of SiO2 at room temperature. The SiO2 layer grows spontaneously to over one micrometer in thickness in several weeks in air, beneath most of the original Cu3Si layer. Analysis by Rutherford backscattering, Auger electron spectroscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of Cu3Si particles at the buried SiO2/Si interface. These Cu3Si particles catalyze the room temperature oxidation of silicon.
Antenna Phase Error Compensation for Terahertz Coded-Aperture Imaging (2020)

Coded-aperture antenna plays an important role in terahertz coded-aperture imaging radar system. However, the performance of a system is inevitably affected by the phase errors introduced by the coded-aperture antenna elements. In this paper, we propose a phase error compensation method by deducing a formula to compute all element phase errors accurately. According to the formula, the phase errors can be calibrated by using a calibrator and can be used to compensate the imaging model of the system. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the imaging quality when the elemental phase error exceeds 10 ∘ .
Tamarind xyloglucan: a polysaccharide with versatile application potential (2009)

A huge amount of new information on xyloglucan (obtained from tamarind kernel) is available in the literature. A lot of research on applications of this polysaccharide has been performed in the last ten years. The research on xyloglucan extracted from tamarind kernel is compiled and presented in a comprehensive way in this article. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structure and properties of tamarind xyloglucan and to discuss some recent advances and future prospects of this polysaccharide in various application areas like drug-delivery technology, food technology and textile industry, etc. The article is intended to serve as a useful tool for beginners as well as for researchers actively involved in the fascinating area of green polymeric materials. It is likely to benefit large numbers of end users of this polysaccharide also.
Mobility behavior and composition of hydrated positive reactant ions in plasma chromatography with nitrogen carrier gas (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMobility behavior and composition of hydrated positive reactant ions in plasma chromatography with nitrogen carrier gasS. H. Kim, K. R. Betty, and F. W. KarasekCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 14, 2006–2012Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50036a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (732 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Rehabilitating Care (1996)

The feminist ethic of care has often been criticized for its inability to address four problems--the problem of exploitation as it threatens care givers, the problem of sustaining care-giver integrity, the dangers of conceiving the mother-child dyad normatively as a paradigm for human relationships, and the problem of security social justice on a broad scale among relative strangers. We argue that there are resources within the ethic of care for addressing each of these problems, and we sketch strategies for developing the ethic more fully.
The Transistorized A5 Channel Bank for Broadband Systems (1962)

This article presents a brief historical background to the A-series of terminal units, used extensively in long-haul and short-haul transmission facilities to provide the first step of modulation from voice to carrier and the final step of demodulation from carrier to voice. Most of the paper is devoted to a description of the latest unit of this series — the A5 channel bank, which through the use of transistors and other modern components achieves significant improvements in size, power requirements and operating characteristics.
Ubc9 Is a Novel Modulator of the Induction Properties of Glucocorticoid Receptors (2002)

The EC(50) of agonists and the partial agonist activity of antagonists are crucial parameters for steroid hormone control of gene expression and endocrine therapies. These parameters have been shown to be modulated by a naturally occurring cis-acting element, called the glucocorticoid modulatory element (GME) that binds two proteins, GMEB-1 and -2. We now present evidence that the GMEBs contact Ubc9, which is the mammalian homolog of a yeast E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubc9 also binds to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Ubc9 displays no intrinsic transactivation activity but modifies both the absolute amount of induced gene product and the fold induction by GR. With high concentrations of GR, added Ubc9 also reduces the EC(50) of agonists and increases the partial agonist activity of antagonists in a manner that is independent of the ability of Ubc9 to transfer SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier-1) to proteins. This new activity of Ubc9 requires only the ligand binding domain of GR and part of the hinge region. Interestingly, Ubc9 modulation of full-length GR transcriptional properties can be seen in the absence of a GME. This, though, is consistent with the GME acting by increasing the local concentration of Ubc9, which then activates a previously unobserved target in the transcriptional machinery. With high concentrations of Ubc9 and GR, Ubc9 binding to GR appears to be sufficient to permit Ubc9 to act independently of the GME.
Characterization of tear production in subjects with dry eye disease during intranasal tear neurostimulation: Results from two pivotal clinical trials (2018)

NCT02680158 and NCT02526290.
Towards new formulations for polyacrylamide matrices: <i>N</i>‐acryloylaminoethoxyethanol, a novel monomer combining high hydrophilicity with extreme hydrolytic stability (1994)

Matrices for electrokinetic separations, based on a unique class of mono- and disubstituted (on the amido nitrogen) acrylamides such as e.g., N-acryloylaminoethoxyethanol (AAEE) and acrylamido-N,N-diethoxyethanol, offer the following advantages: (i) strong resistance to alkaline hydrolysis (most zone separations occurring at basic pH values), (ii) high hydrophilicity and (iii) greater porosity, due to the higher molecular weight of the monomers. When compared with conventional poly(acrylamide), a poly(AAEE) matrix, when subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis (0.1 N NaOH, 70 degrees C) appears to be 500 times more stable. Such stability is also confirmed under strong alkaline hydrolysis (1 N NaOH, 100 degrees C) as well as under mild and strong acidic hydrolysis. Mildly hydrolyzed poly(AAEE) matrices still perform extremely well in both conventional isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradients, techniques which are quite sensitive to traces of acrylate in the polymer coil. Conversely, mildly hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide) matrices, when used in isoelectric focusing, generate pH gradients between pH 4 and 5, having an inflection point (pH 4.6) equivalent to the pK value of acrylic acid. This novel class of monomers shows great promise for future applications in all electrokinetic methodologies.