gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the topography of human platelet glycoprotein IIb. Localization of monoclonal antibody epitopes and the putative glycoprotein IIIa- and fibrinogen-binding regions (1991)

Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) is a major glycoprotein of the human platelet plasma membrane, which together with glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) forms a Ca2(+)-dependent heterodimer, GPIIb/IIIa, which serves as the major fibrinogen receptor in activated platelets. The precise localization of the epitopes for six anti-GPIIb monoclonal antibodies (M1-M6) has been determined by a combination of enzymic and chemical cleavage procedures, peptide isolation, N-terminal sequence analysis, peptide synthesis and enzyme immunoassay. The following localizations were found: M1, beta 1-16-36, beta 2-4-24; M2, alpha 747-755; M alpha 2, alpha 837-843; M3, alpha 849-857; M4, alpha 143-151; M5, alpha 550-558; M6, alpha 657-665. Besides considerations of the degree of exposure of these epitopes, several remarkable features are readily apparent. The earliest and main chymotryptic cleavage site of GPIIb in whole platelets is between alpha cysteine-545 and alpha phenylalanine-551. The epitope for M3 was located within the same sequence (alpha 842-857) as is the epitope for PMI-1 [Loftus, Plow, Frelinger, D'Souza, Dixon, Lacy, Sorge & Ginsberg (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 7114-7118] in spite of the fact that the exposure of the latter in whole platelets is EDTA-dependent whereas that in the former is not. The epitope for M5 shares full homology with the 540-548 peptide stretch of the alpha-subunit of the vitronectin receptor, and this antibody cross-reacts with endothelial cells. The M6 epitope is located in the 25 kDa membrane-bound fragment of GPIIb, which is most epitope is destroyed at an early stage of chymotrypic digestion. This suggests that this region of GPIIb, somewhere between the epitope for M5 (alpha 550-558) and the epitope for M2 (alpha 747-755), may carry the surface of interaction of GPIIb with GPIIIa in the GPIIb/IIIa heterodimer. Finally, the sequence where the epitope for M6 has been located (alpha 657-667) was the only one found to be hydropathically complementary to the gamma 402-411 peptide of fibrinogen within the amino acid sequence of both GPIIb and GPIIIa. This complementariness, the EDTA- or thrombin-dependence of the exposure of the alpha 657-665 stretch in whole platelets to M6 and the ability of this antibody to inhibit platelet aggregation led us to postulate that this peptide stretch is a putative binding site for fibrinogen in the platelet receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Synchronization-free Dibit response extraction from PRBS waveforms (2003)

The authors introduce two different dibit extraction techniques that are simple to use, and more importantly they require no timing synchronization of the readback waveform with the written data sequence. They illustrate the use of these techniques using perpendicular recording readback signals corresponding to pseudorandom binary sequences (PRBS). As with other dibit extraction techniques, the nonlinearities in the signals show up as echoes around the main dibit.
Functional and molecular characterization of glioblastoma multiforme-derived cancer stem cells. (2010)

High grade gliomas contain stem-like precursors, which exhibit neural stem cell properties with tumorigenicity, establishing a novel developmental paradigm in the study of brain carcinogenesis and providing a powerful tool to develop patient-tailored therapy for this devastating disease.
Dual-Electrode Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis/Electrochemistry (1996)

The extremely low sample volumes required for capillary electrophoresis and the high sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical detection make capillary electrophoresis/electrochemistry (CEEC) a very useful method for bioanalysis. In this paper, two types of dual-electrode detectors for CEEC are described. The first employs a ring-disk microelectrode placed in a wall-jet configuration and is used for the selective detection of substances undergoing chemically reversible oxidations. Collection efficiencies obtained for catecholamines with this configuration were between 25 and 35%. The second electrode design consists of two adjacent carbon fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix and is analogous to the parallel dual-electrode configuration used in liquid chromatography/electrochemistry. This configuration can be used to confirm peak identity and purity by operating the electrodes at two different potentials. Alternatively, it is possible to perform simultaneous oxidative and reductive electrochemical detection.
Luminescence processes in amorphous hydrogenated silicon-nitride nanometric multilayers (1999)

Radiative recombinations in amorphous ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}:\mathrm{H}$-based nanometric multilayer structures have been studied by stationary and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. Such structures show higher photoluminescence efficiency than reference bulk amorphous silicon nitride films. The enhancement is attributed to the localization of electron-hole pairs induced by the multilayer structure. Fast monomolecular recombination processes are shown, with lifetimes dependent on the emission energy. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra shows a low density of defects and no intermixing at the multilayer heterointerfaces. Such features open the potential for the investigated structures to function as fast optoelectronic devices.
The Role of Ti as a Catalyst for the Dissociation of Hydrogen on a Mg(0001) Surface (2005)

In this paper, the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen on both pure and Ti-incorporated Mg(0001) surfaces are studied by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated dissociation barrier of hydrogen molecule on a pure Mg(0001) surface (1.05 eV) is in good agreement with comparable theoretical studies. For the Ti-incorporated Mg(0001) surface, the activated barrier decreases to 0.103 eV due to the strong interaction between the molecular orbital of hydrogen and the d metal state of Ti. This could explain the experimentally observed improvement in absorption kinetics of hydrogen when transition metals have been introduced into the magnesium materials.
Modeling 4D Human-Object Interactions for Joint Event Segmentation, Recognition, and Object Localization (2016)

In this paper, we present a 4D human-object interaction (4DHOI) model for solving three vision tasks jointly: i) event segmentation from a video sequence, ii) event recognition and parsing, and iii) contextual object localization. The 4DHOI model represents the geometric, temporal, and semantic relations in daily events involving human-object interactions. In 3D space, the interactions of human poses and contextual objects are modeled by semantic co-occurrence and geometric compatibility. On the time axis, the interactions are represented as a sequence of atomic event transitions with coherent objects. The 4DHOI model is a hierarchical spatial-temporal graph representation which can be used for inferring scene functionality and object affordance. The graph structures and parameters are learned using an ordered expectation maximization algorithm which mines the spatial-temporal structures of events from RGB-D video samples. Given an input RGB-D video, the inference is performed by a dynamic programming beam search algorithm which simultaneously carries out event segmentation, recognition, and object localization. We collected a large multiview RGB-D event dataset which contains 3,815 video sequences and 383,036 RGB-D frames captured by three RGB-D cameras. The experimental results on three challenging datasets demonstrate the strength of the proposed method.
Fast Logic with Slow Qubits: Microwave-Activated Controlled-Z Gate on Low-Frequency Fluxoniums (2021)

We demonstrate a controlled-Z gate between capacitively coupled fluxonium qubits with transition frequencies $72.3~\textrm{MHz}$ and $136.3~\textrm{MHz}$. The gate is activated by a $61.6~\textrm{ns}$ long pulse at the frequency between non-computational transitions $|10\rangle - |20\rangle$ and $|11\rangle - |21\rangle$, during which the qubits complete only $4$ and $8$ Larmor periods, respectively. The measured gate error of $(8\pm1)\times 10^{-3}$ is limited by decoherence in the non-computational subspace, which will likely improve in the next generation devices. Although our qubits are about fifty times slower than transmons, the two-qubit gate is faster than microwave-activated gates on transmons, and the gate error is on par with the lowest reported. Architectural advantages of low-frequency fluxoniums include long qubit coherence time, weak hybridization in the computational subspace, suppressed residual $ZZ$-coupling rate (here $46~\mathrm{kHz}$), and absence of either excessive parameter matching or complex pulse shaping requirements.
Robust Motion Correction Strategy for Structural MRI in Unsedated Children Demonstrated with Three-dimensional Radial MPnRAGE (2018)

Purpose To develop and evaluate a retrospective method to minimize motion artifacts in structural MRI. Materials and Methods The motion-correction strategy was developed for three-dimensional radial data collection and demonstrated with MPnRAGE, a technique that acquires high-resolution volumetric magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo, or MPRAGE, images with multiple tissue contrasts. Forty-four pediatric participants (32 with autism spectrum disorder [mean age ± standard deviation, 13 years ± 3] and 12 age-matched control participants [mean age, 12 years ± 3]) were imaged without sedation. Images with and images without retrospective motion correction were scored by using a Likert scale (0-4 for unusable to excellent) by two experienced neuroradiologists. The Tenengrad metric (a reference-free measure of image sharpness) and statistical analyses were performed to determine the effects of performing retrospective motion correction. Results MPnRAGE T1-weighted images with retrospective motion correction were all judged to have good or excellent quality. In some cases, retrospective motion correction improved the image quality from unusable (Likert score of 0) to good (Likert score of 3). Overall, motion correction improved mean Likert scores from 3.0 to 3.8 and reduced standard deviations from 1.1 to 0.4. Image quality was significantly improved with motion correction (Mann-Whitney U test; P < .001). Intraclass correlation coefficients for absolute agreement of Tenengrad scores with reviewers 1 and 2 were 0.92 and 0.88 (P < .0005 for both), respectively. In no cases did the retrospective motion correction induce severe image degradation. Conclusion Retrospective motion correction of MPnRAGE data were shown to be highly effective for consistently improving image quality of T1-weighted MRI in unsedated pediatric participants, while also enabling multiple tissue contrasts to be reconstructed for structural analysis. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (2009)

In this Edition I have through the kindness of several correspondents been able to correct a considerable number of misprints. I have also made a few verbal alterations in the hope of making the argument clearer in places where experience has shown that students found unusual difficulties.
<title>Update of scanner selection, performances, and multiaxis configurations</title> (1991)

This is a presentation of commercially available galvanometric and resonant oscillatory scanners. It is intended to assist in the selection of component, single and multi-axis scanning arrangements. The features of galvanometric scanners are reviewed and figures of merit offered to rate electromagnetic drivers. Position transducers are examined and three capacitive sensors compared. Resonant scanners are analyzed with a presentation of the milestones to be resolved by commercial product manufacturers. Multi-axis scanning arrangements are examined and the distortions of four configurations reviewed. The last section has 11 tables grouping comparable commercial products. A list of manufacturers is offered.
Graphical Analysis of PET Data Applied to Reversible and Irreversible Tracers (1999)

Graphical analysis refers to the transformation of multiple time measurements of plasma and tissue uptake data into a linear plot, the slope of which is related to the number of available tracer binding sites. This type of analysis allows easy comparisons among experiments. No particular model structure is assumed, however it is assumed that the tracer is given by bolus injection and that both tissue uptake and the plasma concentration of unchanged tracer are monitored following tracer injection. The requirement of plasma measurements can be eliminated in some cases when a reference region is available. There are two categories of graphical methods which apply to two general types of ligands--those which bind reversibly during the scanning procedure and those which are irreversible or trapped during the time of the scanning procedure.
Spatiotemporal Selective Extrapolation for 3-D Signals and Its Applications in Video Communications (2007)

In this paper, we derive a spatiotemporal extrapolation method for 3-D discrete signals. Extending a discrete signal beyond a limited number of known samples is commonly referred to as discrete signal extrapolation. Extrapolation problems arise in many applications in video communications. Transmission errors in video communications may cause data losses which are concealed by extrapolating the surrounding video signal into the missing area. The same principle is applied for TV logo removal. Prediction in hybrid video coding is also interpreted as an extrapolation problem. Conventionally, the unknown areas in the video sequence are estimated from either the spatial or temporal surrounding. Our approach considers the spatiotemporal signal including the missing area in a volume and replaces the unknown samples by extrapolating the surrounding signal from spatial, as well as temporal direction. By exploiting spatial and temporal correlations at the same time, it is possible to inherently compensate motion. Deviations in luminance occurring from frame to frame can be compensated, too.
Tyrosine phosphate hydrolysis of host proteins by Trypanosoma cruzi is linked to cell invasion (1998)

Invasion of cultured L6E9 myoblasts by Trypanosoma cruzi induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of proteins of 234, 205, and 50 kDa. Invasion was greatly reduced in the presence of the protein tyrosine phosphate inhibitors sodium o-vanadate and zinc chloride, and in the presence of excess phosphotyrosine or p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but not in the presence of excess phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. These results suggest an important role for protein tyrosine dephosphorylation in the invasion of host cells by T. cruzi.
Synthesis and physical and physiological properties of 4'-thioRNA: application to post-modification of RNA aptamer toward NF- B (2004)

We report herein full details of the preparation of 4'-thiouridine, -cytidine, -adenosine and -guanosine phosphoramidites based on our synthetic protocol via the Pummerer reaction. Fully modified 4'-thioRNAs containing four kinds of 4'-thioribonucleoside units were prepared according to the standard RNA synthesis. The T(m) values and thermodynamic parameters of a series of duplexes were determined by UV melting and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The resulting overall order of thermal stabilities for the duplexes was 4'-thioRNA:4'-thioRNA >> 4'-thioRNA:RNA > RNA:RNA > RNA:DNA > 4'-thioRNA:DNA. In addition, it was shown that the dominant factor in the stability of the duplexes consisting of 4'-thioRNA was enthalpic in character. The CD spectra of not only 4'-thioRNA:RNA and 4'-thioRNA:4'-thioRNA but also 4'-thioRNA:DNA were all similar to those of duplexes in the A-conformation. The stability of 4'-thioRNA in human serum was 600 times greater than that of natural RNA. Neither the RNA:RNA nor the 4'-thioRNA:4'-thioRNA duplexes were digested under the same conditions. The first example of a post-modification of an RNA aptamer by 4'-thioribonucleoside units was demonstrated. Full modification of the aptamer thioRNA3 resulted in complete loss of binding activity. In contrast, modifications at positions other than the binding site were tolerated without loss of binding activity. The post-modified RNA aptamer thioRNA5 was thermally stabilized and resistant toward nuclease digestion. The results presented in this paper will, it is hoped, contribute to the development of 4'-thioRNA as a new generation of artificial RNA.
Prospective Study of Hyperhomocysteinemia as an Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Factor in End-Stage Renal Disease (1998)

These prospective observations confirm that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease, with an increased RR of 1% per micromol/L increase in total homocysteine concentration. Interventional studies are needed to evaluate the possible effects of modifying this risk factor in these patients.
FMM/GPU-Accelerated Boundary Element Method for Computational Magnetics and Electrostatics (2017)

A fast multipole method (FMM)/graphics processing unit-accelerated boundary element method (BEM) for computational magnetics and electrostatics via the Laplace equation is presented. The BEM is an integral method, but the FMM is typically designed around monopole and dipole sources. To apply the FMM to the integral expressions in the BEM, the internal data structures and logic of the FMM must be changed. However, this can be difficult. For example, computing the multipole expansions due to the boundary elements requires computing single and double surface integrals over them. Moreover, FMM codes for monopole and dipole sources are widely available and highly optimized. This paper describes a method for applying the FMM unchanged to the integral expressions in the BEM. This method, called the correction factor matrix method, works by approximating the integrals using a quadrature. The quadrature points are treated as monopole and dipole sources, which can be plugged directly into current FMM codes. The FMM is effectively treated as a black box. Inaccuracies from the quadrature are corrected during a correction factor step. The method is derived, and example problems are presented showing accuracy and performance.
Models and Algorithms for Sounding Objects (2002)

Deliverable n. 6 of the IST-2000-25287 European Project SOb (The Sounding Object). This deliverable reports on results about Models and Algorithms for Sounding Objects
Effect of airway opening on production of exhaled particles (2010)

The technique of sampling exhaled air is attractive because it is noninvasive and so allows repeated sampling with ease and no risk for the patient. Knowledge of the biomarkers' origin is important to correctly understand and interpret the data. Endogenous particles, formed in the airways, are exhaled and reflect chemical composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid. However, the formation mechanisms and formation sites of these particles are unknown. We hypothesize that airway opening following airway closure causes production of airborne particles that are exhaled. The objective of this study was to examine production of exhaled particles following varying degrees of airway closure. Ten healthy volunteers performed three different breathing maneuvers in which the initial lung volume preceding an inspiration to total lung capacity was varied between functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV). Exhaled particle number concentrations in the size interval 0.30-2.0 microm were recorded. Number concentrations of exhaled particles showed a 2- to 18-fold increase after exhalations to RV compared with exhalations where no airway closure was shown [8,500 (810-28,000) vs. 1,300 (330-13,000) particles/expired liter, P = 0.012]. The difference was most noticeable for the smaller size range of particles (<1 microm). There were significant correlations between particle concentrations for the different maneuvers. Our results show that airway reopening following airway closure is an important mechanism for formation of endogenous exhaled particles and that these particles originate from the terminal bronchioles.
Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Imagery for Quantitative Monitoring of Wheat Crop in Small Plots (2008)

This paper outlines how light Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can be used in remote sensing for precision farming. It focuses on the combination of simple digital photographic cameras with spectral filters, designed to provide multispectral images in the visible and near-infrared domains. In 2005, these instruments were fitted to powered glider and parachute, and flown at six dates staggered over the crop season. We monitored ten varieties of wheat, grown in trial micro-plots in the South-West of France. For each date, we acquired multiple views in four spectral bands corresponding to blue, green, red, and near-infrared. We then performed accurate corrections of image vignetting, geometric distortions, and radiometric bidirectional effects. Afterwards, we derived for each experimental micro-plot several vegetation indexes relevant for vegetation analyses. Finally, we sought relationships between these indexes and field-measured biophysical parameters, both generic and date-specific. Therefore, we established a robust and stable generic relationship between, in one hand, leaf area index and NDVI and, in the other hand, nitrogen uptake and GNDVI. Due to a high amount of noise in the data, it was not possible to obtain a more accurate model for each date independently. A validation protocol showed that we could expect a precision level of 15% in the biophysical parameters estimation while using these relationships.
Downlink Assisted Uplink Zero-Forcing for TDD Multiuser MIMO Systems (2009)

Coordinated linear transmitter-receiver processing by block diagonalization (BD) with beam selection is a straightforward method to utilize all degrees of freedom available in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks in order to increase system capacity. By applying channel state information (CSI) in the transmitter, the BD criterion offers zero- forcing between the downlink data streams of different users. This paper proposes practical uplink MIMO schemes for time division duplex (TDD) systems to co-exist with downlink TX-RX zero-forcing so that the locally available CSI of the BD channel is used by the terminals in the uplink transmission. It is shown that the preceded pilot symbols are sufficient in both uplink and downlink to satisfy the needs of both transmission and reception. The achievable rate of the system is evaluated in conjunction with linear receivers in a time-varying fading channel and with channel estimation. According to the results the proposed uplink transmission strategy provides increased rates compared to user selection as well as non-precoded transmission, without being sensitive to CSI uncertainty.