gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility Management Alternatives for Migration to Mobile Internet Session-Based Services (2004)

Session-based Internet protocol (IP) applications, such as Internet telephony, are an important component of the emerging mobile Internet. The ubiquitous availability of these services is critical to the success of the mobile Internet. Because all-IP networks will be deployed in phases and current mobile telecommunication systems will be in operation for decades to come, the interworking and migration between current network services and all-IP services is a key problem. In this paper, we address seamless roaming for session initiation protocol-based services across current cellular telecommunication networks and emerging all-IP wireless networks, such as those using third-generation and WiFi networks. We present an abstract mobility model, and map this model to three basic approaches for supporting seamless mobility: a master-slave approach, a federated system, and a unified approach. We discuss the challenges and implementation of an instance of the unified mobility management approach, called the Unified Mobility Manager, and then compare the tradeoffs of the three systems using a comparative performance analysis. We conclude that unified mobility management is most efficient if a great deal of interworking is required, and as more users invoke IP-based services; the federated approach is efficient when a single network technology is dominant and data access is limited, but requires sharing of data across networks; the master-slave approach is the least efficient, but is easy to introduce if the number of network types is small.
Advanced metal mirror processing for tactical ISR systems (2013)

Using its patented VQ™ finishing process, Raytheon EO Innovations has been producing low-scatter, low-figure and affordable aluminum 6061-based mirrors for long stand-off intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems in production since 2005. These common aperture multispectral systems require λ/30 root mean square (RMS) surface figure and sub-20Å RMS finishes for optimal visible imaging performance. This paper discusses the process results, scatter performance, and fabrication capabilities of Multispectral Reflective Lightweight Optics Technology (MeRLOT™), a new lightweight substrate material. This new technology enables lightweight, common-aperture, broadband performance that can be put in the hands of the warfighter for precision targeting and surveillance operations.
Distributed Power Architecture Concepts (1984)

For critical electronic equipment applications such as PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges), system reliability is as important an index of performance as equipment first cost. To minimize the effects of power failures on overall reliability, duplicate systems may be used to power the same loads. However, in today's tight economy, such redundant configurations are often not a cost-effective alternative. Distributed power architectures are designed to meet this dual challenge of low cost and high reliability. A distributed powering arrangement divides the system load into several groups, each powered by its own power conversion unit, to limit the effect of isolated power component failures on total system operation. The result is an economical fault-tolerant system. This paper discusses cost and reliability factors for distributed power architectures.
A 65 nm CMOS 7b 2 GS/s 20.7 mW Flash ADC With Cascaded Latch Interpolation (2015)

A 7 bit 2 GS/s flash ADC fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process is presented. The proposed cascaded latch interpolation technique achieves a 4 × interpolation factor with only dynamic comparators. A background latching-time adjustment scheme utilizing a replica latch array ensures an interpolation capability that is robust to process, voltage and temperature variations. The measured peak INL and DNL of 0.64 LSB and 0.58 LSB, respectively, after comparator offset calibration prove successful interpolation operation. The measured SNDR and SFDR were 38.12 dB and 49.05 dB, respectively, with a 1.08GHz input at 2 GS/s operation while consuming 20.7 mW of total power. This ADC achieves a figure of merit of 157 fJ/conversion-step with a Nyquist input at 2 GS/s.
Recognition of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus proteins by human and BALB/C CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes (1991)

Lymphocyte proliferation assays were used to determine the ability of human and BALB/c T-lymphocytes to recognise and respond to in vitro challenge with purified preparations of four respiratory syncytial (RS) virus proteins. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) collected from adult donors as well as primed BALB/c mouse splenocytes each responded specifically to challenge with intact RS virus and preparations of the fusion (F), attachment (G), 23 kilodalton (23K), and 34K phospho- (P) proteins of the virus. F protein was recognised most frequently by human PBLs, and elicited higher levels of response than equivalent concentrations of the other protein preparations examined. The human PBL proliferative responses elicited by in vitro challenge with intact virus antigen as well as with each of the four protein preparations were found to be confined to the CD4+ T-helper (Th) sub-population of lymphocytes. However, proliferative responses to intact virus and F protein were found to be accompanied by only modest and inconsistent production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Finally, no evidence was obtained to indicate that any of the challenge antigens employed in this study were intrinsically mitogenic, as neither naive human cord blood lymphocytes, nor un-primed BALB/c mouse splenocytes proliferated when challenged with intact RS virus or with F, G, 23K, or P protein preparations.
Prevention of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction and Endotoxin Lethality by Polymyxin B Localized in Tissues (1974)

Pretreatment with multiple doses of polymyxin B and colistimethate was evaluated as to its ability to sequester sufficient antibiotic in tissues to neutralize the effects of endotoxin in three animal models. Animals were challenged with endotoxin 24, 48, or 72 h after the last dose of antibiotic when there was minimal or not detectable drug in serum. Pretreatment with polymyxin B was successful in preventing the generalized Shwartzman reaction in rabbits and reducing endotoxin lethality in mice; however, large doses (20 mg per kg per day for 2 or 4 days) were required. Prolongation by more than 24 h of the interval between the last dose of polymyxin B and endotoxin challenge resulted in reduction or loss of protection. Dogs were unable to tolerate the high polymyxin B dosage which was protective in the mouse and rabbit. Lower, nontoxic doses of polymyxin B in dogs did not prevent endotoxin shock and lethality, even when challenged as soon as 1 h after the last dose. Pretreatment with colistimethate was ineffective in all three animal models.
Radical Mechanisms of Enzymatic Catalysis (2001)

Two classes of enzymatic mechanisms that proceed by free radical chemistry initiated by the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical are discussed. In the first class, the mechanism of the interconversion of L-lysine and L-beta-lysine catalyzed by lysine 2,3-aminomutase (LAM) involves four radicals, three of which have been spectroscopically characterized. The reversible formation of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical takes place by the chemical cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) reacting with the [4Fe-4S]+ center in LAM. In other reactions of SAM with iron-sulfur proteins, SAM is irreversibly consumed to generate the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which activates an enzyme by abstracting a hydrogen atom from an enzymatic glycyl residue to form a glycyl radical. The glycyl radical enzymes include pyruvate formate-lyase, anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli, and benzylsuccinate synthase. Biotin synthase and lipoate synthase are SAM-dependent [4Fe-4S] proteins that catalyze the insertion of sulfur into unactivated C-H bonds, which are cleaved by the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical from SAM. In the second class of enzymatic mechanisms using free radicals, adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions, the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical arises from homolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond, and it initiates radical reactions by abstracting hydrogen atoms from substrates. Three examples are described of suicide inactivation through the formation of exceptionally stable free radicals at enzymatic active sites.
Gender, Place and Culture: Ten years on (2003)

(2003). Gender, Place and Culture: Ten years on. Gender, Place & Culture: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 3-4.
Angle-Tuned Filters From Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal for Visible Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (2014)

This letter describes the development of notch filters and dichroic beam-splitters intended for short-haul links based on wavelength division multiplexing over poly-methyl-methacrylate polymer optical fibers. The filter was built using two cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) cells configured in reflection mode where the incident light is reflected twice, by the first and the second CLC. The filter reflection is greater than 80% for the desired wavelengths and it is polarization insensitive.
Role of dose concentration in biocide efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (2002)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa entrapped in alginate gel beads to form artificial biofilms resisted killing by chlorine, glutaraldehyde, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), and an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium compound (ADBAC). The degree of resistance was quantified by a resistance factor that compared killing times for biofilm and planktonic cells in response to the same concentration of antimicrobial agent. Resistance factors averaged 120 for chlorine, 34 for glutaraldehyde, 29 for DBNPA, and 1900 for ADBAC. In every case, resistance factors decreased with increasing concentration of the antimicrobial agent. An independent analysis of the concentration dependence of the apparent rates of killing of planktonic and biofilm bacteria showed that elevating the treatment concentration increased bacterial killing more in the biofilm than it did in a suspension culture. Calculation of a transport modulus comparing the rates of biocide reaction and diffusion suggested that at least part of the biofilm resistance to chlorine, glutaraldehdye, and DBNPA could be attributed to incomplete or slow penetration of these agents into the biofilm. Time-kill curves were nonlinear for biofilm bacteria in some cases. The shapes of these curves implicated retarded antimicrobial penetration for chlorine and glutaraldehyde and the presence of a tolerant subpopulation for DBNPA and ADBAC. The results indicate that treating biofilms with a concentrated dose of biocide is more effective than using prolonged doses of a lower concentration.
Trusting the cloud (2009)

More and more users store data in "clouds" that are accessed remotely over the Internet. We survey well-known cryptographic tools for providing integrity and consistency for data stored in clouds and discuss recent research in cryptography and distributed computing addressing these problems.
Surface grafting of thermoresponsive microgel nanoparticles (2011)

A monolayer of thermoresponsive microgel nanoparticles, containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), has been anchored to the surface of silicon wafers, glass slides, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers, and tungsten wires using a “grafting to” approach. The behavior of the synthesized grafted layers is compared with the behavior of the PNIPAM brushes (densely end-grafted layers). The comparison demonstrates that in many aspects the microgel grafted layer is comparable to PNIPAM brushes with respect to its thermoresponsive properties. Indeed, the grafted monolayer swells and collapses reversibly at temperatures below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. For the flat silicon substrate, a wettability study of the grafted layer shows an approximately 20° increase in the advancing contact angle of water upon heating above the LCST of PNIPAM. Wettability data obtained for the tungsten wires indicate that the grafted microgel layer retains its ability to undergo morphological changes when exposed to external temperature variations on complex curved surfaces. Therefore, the microgel-grafted layer can be considered as a system capable of competing with the PNIPAM brushes.
Efficient spacecraft formationkeeping with consideration of ballistic coefficient control (1988)

The extent to which drag can be used to enhance retrieval and servicing of platforms in the Space Staion environment is investigated for the case when separations on the order of several hundred or even thousands of kilometers occur over extended, but predefined, periods of time. The nature of the problem is formulated, the analytical tools used are described, and the mathematical foundation of the analysis is presented. Results are reported for the cases of formation flying cycles without ballistic coefficient control, formation flying with controlled relative decay, and the effects of varying solar activity.
Optical Heterodyne Measurement of In-Plane Vibrations (1975)

A new method of in-plane vibration measurement is possible by using an optical heterodyne technique which detects the frequency shift of light reflected from a point in motion. If a point in a vibrating surface is illuminated with two laser beams whose light frequencies are slightly shifted from each other in the direction symmetrical with respect to the normal of the surface and the intensity at the point is measured with a photomultiplier through an optical system, the output signal of a limiter-discriminator connected to the terminal of the photomultiplier has an amplitude proportional to the frequency-amplitude product of in-plane vibration. By using these principles, a prototype instrument for the measurement of in-plane vibration is constructed and a vibration amplitude of 10 Å at 20 kHz is measured in real time together with its direction.
Role of Biologic Markers in Patient Selection and Application to Disease Prevention (2003)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are now under investigation for the treatment of early stage breast cancer and for disease prevention as alternatives to standard treatment with tamoxifen. Currently identified genetic risk factors of breast cancer include BRCA-1/BRCA-2 mutations, ATM mutations, and history of high estrogen levels, as evidenced by plasma analyses and/or dense bones. To date, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status has predictive value for determining response to therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (ER+ and/or PgR+ tumors). Recent studies have shown AIs to be safer and more effective than tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced disease. Some data suggest that letrozole may be a more effective treatment than tamoxifen for patients with ER+ and/or PgR+ early breast cancers expressing ErbB-1 and/or ErbB-2. Changes in cell proliferation markers (e.g., S-phase fraction and Ki67 antigen), plasma lipid levels, and the bone resorption marker C-terminal peptide are biomarkers that have been evaluated for preventive and prognostic value in breast cancer patients and normal volunteers. Results from biomarker screens can be used to define inclusion criteria for clinical trials and eventually to individualize treatment. Gene expression profiling (microarray analysis), i.e., genomic and proteomic studies, will probably advance the discovery of new biomarkers for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydride Complexes of a Beta-aminophosphine Ligand Derived from Norephedrine (2004)

A series ruthenium complexes with the chiral P−N ligand (1R,2R)-PPh2CHPhCHMeNH2 derived from (1S,2R)-norephedrine are synthesized starting from the complexes RuHCl(PPh3)3 or RuHCl(P−P)(PPh3) (P−P= (R)-binap or (S)-binap). These are precatalysts for the efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones. For the hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol, the enantioselectivity observed can be related to the structure of the precatalysts determined by X-ray diffraction. This relationship breaks down for the hydrogenation of pinacolone.
A traveling‐wave micropump for aqueous solutions: Comparison of 1 g and μg results (1993)

The operation of a micro-chip-based fluid circulator based on the interaction of a high-frequency traveling wave with a thermally generated inhomogeneity in an aqueous medium is investigated. The profiles of the electric field, the thermal gradient and the driving force within the device are derived numerically, and the dependence upon applied voltage under different experimental conditions is derived. The importance of convection in the operation of the device is assessed by operating it in various orientations, as well as under microgravity, and also by investigating the reversal and turn-on characteristics. The pump showed the unexpected ability to trap microparticles present in the driven fluid.
Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography images by use of a spatially adaptive wavelet filter (2004)

A spatially adaptive two-dimensional wavelet filter is used to reduce speckle noise in time-domain and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Edges can be separated from discontinuities that are due to noise, and noise power can be attenuated in the wavelet domain without significantly compromising image sharpness. A single parameter controls the degree of noise reduction. When this filter is applied to ophthalmic OCT images, signal-to-noise ratio improvements of >7 dB are attained, with a sharpness reduction of <3%.
Zeilenkameras für die industrielle Bildverarbeitung (2012)

Abstract Zeilenkameras sind Halbleiterkameras mit nur einer lichtempfindlichen Zeile. Sie finden Ihre Verwendung vor allem im industriellen Umfeld. Eingesetzt werden Zeilenkameras entweder zur Ermittlung eindimensionaler Messgrößen, wie z.B. der Breite eines Spaltes, oder in Verbindung mit einer scannenden Bewegung zur Aufnahme eines zweidimensionalen Bildes, wie z. B. bei einem Faxgerät oder Kopierer. Vorzüge der Zeilenkameras sind hohe optische Auflösung, hohe Geschwindigkeit, freie Dimensionierung der Bildhöhe und Synchronisierbarkeit jeder einzelnen Zeile. Sie eröffnen vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der industriellen Bildverarbeitung. Bei Bahnmaterialien, Förderbändern oder ähnlichem, bieten Zeilenkameras zudem die Möglichkeit kontinuierlicher Endlosaufnahmen. Zur Rechneranbindung stehen dem Anwender moderne digitale Schnittstellen wie Gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0 (demnächst 3.0), CameraLink und LVDS zur Auswahl.
Effect of Polymer Microstructure on the Nucleation Behavior of Alumina via Atomic Layer Deposition (2014)

Atomic layer deposition is a technique that is able to integrate nanoscale inorganic coatings to organic polymers. Through this process a number of different inorganic coating morphologies are able to form during ALD nucleation on a wide variety of polymers. In this work, we provide a systematic analysis of the ALD nucleation characteristics on polymers that have subtle variations in microstructure, such as, the addition of pendant groups or change in length of the polymer repeat unit. Specifically, in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry is employed to understand the nucleation behavior of alumina ALD in a series of poly n-methacrylate and polyester thin films. The work indicates the effect that a subtle change in polymer microstructure has on the properties of the polymer film. The data indicates that the glass transition temperature of the polymer, as influenced by variations in microstructure, has a significant impact on the absorption/desorption characteristics during TMA/water exposures. Through this systematic approach, we demonstrate that ALD process parameters must be adjusted accordingly to promote the formation of desirable inorganic material interfaces.
Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Alkoxymethyl-Substituted β-Lactones (2008)

We report on anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic beta-(methoxymethyl)-beta-propiolactone (MOMPL) and beta-(ethoxymethyl)-beta-propiolactone (EOMPL) initiated by supramolecular complex of potassium acetate and tetrabutylammonium acetate (Bu4N+ Ac) as well as by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, respectively. Structure of the resulting polymers has been established at the molecular level by electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) and has been confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, and GPC analyses. Similar behavior of MOMPL and EOMPL with respect to already-studied beta-alkyl-substituted beta-lactones, e.g., beta-butyrolactone (MPL), has been observed under the conditions of anionic ROP (including observed side reactions leading to unsaturated end groups) and the already-established mechanisms of anionic polymerization of beta-alkyl-substituted beta-lactones are extended on beta-alkoxymethyl-substituted ones.
A novel dynamic Vt circuit configuration (2002)

Summary form only given. It is a well known dilemma that as supply voltages are scaled lower, CMOS threshold voltages must also be scaled lower to maintain performance, leading to increased subthreshold leakage. One solution to mitigate the trade-off between high performance and low standby current is to modulate the threshold voltage by control of the well or body voltage, lowering the Vt in active mode and raising the Vt in standby. SOI is particularly suited for this because of the relatively low body capacitance, and the wider practical range of body vs well voltage. Developing circuit techniques to leverage this advantage may be critical to the successful commercialization of SOI technology. In this work, we propose a modification of the drain-to-body configuration that significantly reduces gate delay and is particularly appropriate for large drivers where a series of inverters is used. The basic configuration is to tie the drain of the transistor to the body of the transistor when the transistor is turned on, disconnecting it when the transistor is off. To evaluate the circuit design technique, simulations were run for a variety of configurations for three inverters in series.
Characterization of ligand binding to a carbohydrate-recognition domain of the macrophage mannose receptor. (1994)

The extracellular portion of the macrophage mannose receptor, an endocytic receptor involved in clearance of glycoconjugates, contains eight domains related to the Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of other C-type animal lectins. The characteristics of ligand binding to an expressed form of one of these CRDs (CRD-4) have been investigated. The expressed domain was found to be a monomer in solution. Results of a solid phase binding assay and a protease resistance assay show that CRD-4 of the mannose receptor undergoes a conformational rearrangement upon binding of Ca2+, correlating with its ability to bind sugar. CRD-4 requires two Ca2+ for sugar binding, even though sequence comparisons with other C-type CRDs suggested that it might bind only one Ca2+. The results are consistent with a ternary complex being formed between CRD-4, sugar, and Ca2+ as is seen in the crystal structure of the CRD of rat mannose-binding protein in complex with an oligosaccharide. The stability of Ca2+ binding is shown to be pH-dependent, a result that is pertinent to release of ligand by the receptor in the endosome. However, CRD-4 retains sugar binding activity at a lower pH than does the whole receptor, suggesting that the conformational change in this CRD alone may not be sufficient to allow release of ligand in the endosomes.