gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiles of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Type V Reveal Potential Adherence Proteins Associated with High-Level Invasion (2007)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an opportunistic organism that can harmlessly colonize the human gut, vagina, and rectum but can also cause pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in neonates born to colonized mothers. We have shown previously that growth rate and oxygen level regulate the ability of GBS to invade eukaryotic cells in vitro. Herein we extend and expand on these observations to show that GBS type V, an emergent serotype, grown in a chemostat at a cell mass-doubling time (t(d)) of 1.8 h with oxygen invaded human ME-180 cervical epithelial cells in large numbers compared with those grown at the same t(d) without oxygen or at a slower t(d) of 11.0 h. The fact that several GBS type V cell wall-associated and membrane proteins were expressed exclusively under the invasive growth condition prompted an investigation, using genomics and proteomics, of all upregulated genes and proteins. Several proteins with potential roles in adherence were identified, including an undefined surface antigen (SAG1350), a lipoprotein (SAG0971), penicillin-binding protein 2b (SAG0765), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (SAG0823), and an iron-binding protein (SAG1007). Mouse antisera to these five proteins inhibited binding of GBS type V to ME-180 cells by > or =85%. Recombinant undefined surface antigen (SAG1350), lipoprotein (SAG0971), and penicillin-binding protein 2b (SAG0765) each bound to ME-180 cells in a dose-dependent fashion, confirming their ability to act as ligands. Collectively, these data increase the number of potential GBS adherence factors and also suggest a role for these surface-associated proteins in initial pathogenic events.
Learning robust general radio signal detection using computer vision methods (2017)

We introduce a new method for radio signal detection and localization within the time-frequency spectrum based on the use of convolutional neural networks for bounding box regression. Recently, this class of approach has surpassed human-level performance on computer vision benchmarks for object detection, but similar techniques have not yet been adopted for radio applications. We introduce the basic approach explain how labeled training data containing wideband spectrum annotated with masks and bounding boxes can be used to train a highly effective radio signal detector which achieves higher levels of contextual understanding and improved sensitivity performance when compared with more traditional nave energy thresholding based signal detection schemes. We extend prior work from the computer vision field, employing a variation of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture which is a fast and accurate visual object detector. Results are shown from illustrating the effectiveness from our entry into the DARPA Battle-of-the-ModRecs competition and over the air datasets.
Blockade of GITR–GITRL interaction maintains Treg function to prolong allograft survival (2010)

Involvement of Treg in transplant tolerance has been demonstrated in multiple models. During the active process of graft rejection, these regulatory cells are themselves regulated and inactivated, a process termed counter-regulation. We hypothesize that ligation of the costimulatory molecule glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein (GITR) on Treg inhibits their ability to promote graft survival, and by blocking GITR ligation graft survival can be prolonged. To this aim, we have designed a soluble GITR fusion protein (GITR-Fc), which binds GITR ligand and inhibits activation of GITR. Here, we show that GITR-Fc prolonged mouse skin graft survival, and this prolongation is dependent on Treg. In a full MHC-mismatched skin graft setting, GITR-Fc significantly improved graft survival when used in combination with MR1, anti-CD40L, while GITR-Fc alone did not demonstrate graft prolongation. These results demonstrate that disruption of binding of GITR with GITR ligand may be an important strategy in prolonging allograft survival.
Ag nanoparticles synthesised in template-structured mesoporous silica films on a glass substrate (1999)

Y. Plyuto, J. Berquier, C. Jacquiod and C. Ricolleau, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1653 DOI: 10.1039/A904681J
Synthesis, Culture Medium Stability, and In Vitro and In Vivo Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity of Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most attractive porous materials available today. They have garnered much attention for their potential utility in many different areas such as gas storage, separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. However, very little is known about the possible health or environmental risks of these materials. Here, the results of toxicity studies on sixteen representative uncoated MOF nanoparticles (nanoMOFs), which were assessed for cytotoxicity to HepG2 and MCF7 cells in vitro, and for toxicity to zebrafish embryos in vivo, are reported. Interestingly, there is a strong correlation between their in vitro toxicity and their in vivo toxicity. NanoMOFs were ranked according to their respective in vivo toxicity (in terms of the amount and severity of phenotypic changes observed in the treated zebrafish embryos), which varied widely. Altogether these results show different levels of toxicity of these materials; however, leaching of solubilized metal ions plays a main role.
Burn-Induced Impairment of Cardiac Contractile Function Is Due to Gut-Derived Factors Transported in Mesenteric Lymph (2002)

Neither the source nor the cause of burn-induced myocardial dysfunction is known. Because scald burns have been shown to cause cardiac contractile dysfunction, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that gut-derived myocardial depressant factors were responsible for burn-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. Male rats were subjected to laparotomy with or without mesenteric lymph duct ligation (LDL). After LDL or sham-LDL, the rats were randomized to receive sham or scald burn (43% TBSA full thickness) after which they were resuscitated for 24 h with 4 mL/kg/%burn of Ringers lactate solution, and then killed, and the hearts removed. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring the left ventricular pressure (LVP) and maximal rate of LVP rise and fall (+/-dP/dt) in response to increases either in 1) preload, 2) coronary flow rate, or 3) perfusate calcium. At 24 h after burn or sham burn and before killing, the mean arterial pressure of the burn group was less than the burn + LDL or the sham burn groups (P < 0.05). Pre-burn LDL significantly prevented burn-induced depression in LVP and +/-dP/dt (P < 0.05). In addition, the hearts harvested from the burn group showed a significant impairment in contraction and relaxation when preload, coronary flow, or perfusate calcium was increased compared with the burn + LDL and sham groups (P < 0.05). Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction, manifested by impaired contraction and relaxation, is prevented by pre-burn lymph duct ligation. These results indicate that gut-derived myocardial depressant factors transported in mesenteric lymph contribute to burn-induced impairment of cardiac contractile function, because burn-induced cardiac dysfunction can be totally abrogated by pre-burn mesenteric lymph duct ligation.
RELATING THE STRUCTURE OF MAJOR TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS TO IMMUNE FUNCTION (1986)

The focus on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)1 by immunologists stems from early studies mapping several immune response phenotypes to the region of the murine genome that encodes the major transplantation antigens (1, 2). Pioneering studies (3–5) using mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), cell mediated lympholysis (CML), and graft-versushost reactions (GVHR) indicted that genes linked to the major transplantation antigens influence immune reactivity. MHC-linked regulatory loci were defined using synthetic polypeptides as antigen, distinguishing high and low-responder phenotypes (6). One key early observation was that cooperation between T cell and B cell populations during the generation of hapten-specific antibody responses is controlled by MHC-linked genes (7). Together these studies established the concept that the MHC plays a central role in the immune response and directed future analysis of this genetic region toward the encoded cell surface molecules, and ultimately toward the genes themselves.
The Reaction of Organoboranes with Chloramine and with Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid. A Convenient Synthesis of Amines from Olefins <i>via</i> Hydroboration (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Organoboranes with Chloramine and with Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid. A Convenient Synthesis of Amines from Olefins via HydroborationHerbert C. Brown, Wolfgang R. Heydkamp, Eli. Breuer, and William S. MurphyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 17, 3565–3566Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01071a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01071a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2229Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement of Stunned Myocardium in Dogs with Olmesartan, an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonist, Is Independent of Type 2 Receptors (2008)

Olmesartan is a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. In pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest dogs, ischemia/reperfusion was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 20 min and releasing it for 60 min, respectively. The myocardial contraction in the ischemic area decreased and returned towards its pre-ischemic level during reperfusion but incompletely. Olmesartan improved the recovery of myocardial contraction during reperfusion associated with restoration of myocardial ATP. Angiotensin II repelled by AT1 receptors occupied by olmesartan can reach and stimulate the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptors, resulting in some beneficial effects on the ischemic myocardium. In fact, AT2 receptor mRNA was found in the adult dog myocardium. In addition, the plasma level of angiotensin II was significantly increased by olmesartan. PD123319, a selective AT2 receptor antagonist, however, did not modify the effect of olmesartan on the cardiac contraction. The hypertensive response to exogenous angiotensin II was completely inhibited by olmesartan, whereas PD123319 did not abolish the effect of olmesartan. In conclusion, olmesartan protects the ischemic/reperfused heart against ischemic injury through inhibition of AT1 receptors but not indirect activation of AT2 receptors.
AKT1 Inhibits Homologous Recombination by Inducing Cytoplasmic Retention of BRCA1 and RAD51 (2008)

AKT1 is frequently up-regulated in sporadic breast cancer, whereas BRCA1 is frequently mutated in familial breast cancer. Because BRCA1 is involved in homologous recombination (HR), we addressed whether AKT1 also has an effect on this process. We showed that AKT1 repressed HR through cytoplasmic retention of BRCA1 and RAD51 proteins, resulting in a BRCA1-deficient-like phenotype. This process does not require direct BRCA1 phosphorylation by AKT1. The cytoplasmic retention of BRCA1 and RAD51 correlated with activated AKT1 in tumor cell lines and in biopsies from sporadic breast cancers. Under nonpathologic conditions, fibroblast growth factor, which activates AKT1 and stimulates proliferation in fibroblasts, impaired excessive HR without fully inhibiting it, promoting genome stability. Our study reveals that the regulation of BRCA1 and RAD51 is altered in a high frequency of sporadic breast cancers and highlights the role of extracellular AKT signaling-dependent regulation of HR and genome stability.
Inhibition of apoptosis by BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (1994)

BCR-ABL expression is presumed to effect clonal expansion in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by deregulation of cell proliferation. However, most studies have found that relative rates of cell proliferation are not increased in CML. Moreover, we found that CML progenitors display a normal proliferative response to growth factors and do not manifest greater proliferative potential than normal progenitors. Growth of malignancies depends on an imbalance between the rate of cell production and the rate of cell death. We found that BCR-ABL expression inappropriately prolongs the growth factor-independent survival of CML myeloid progenitors and granulocytes by inhibiting apoptosis, a genetically programmed process of active cell death; inhibition of BCR- ABL expression by antisense oligonucleotides reversed the suppression of apoptosis as well as the enhancement of survival. The decreased rate of programmed cell death appears to be the primary mechanism by which BCR-ABL effects expansion of the leukemic clone in CML.
Synthesis of lysine-containing sulphonium salts and their properties as proteinase inhibitors (1988)

Some sulphonium salts derived from lysine were synthesized with the general structure R-Lys-CH2S+-(alkyl)2. They were examined as inhibitors of the cysteine proteinase clostripain, which has a preference for cleaving peptide bonds at the carboxy group of basic amino acids, and of a number of trypsin-related serine proteinases. Clostripain was irreversibly inactivated by all reagents examined, but in the case of the serine proteinases, depending on the reagent structure, irreversible and reversible inhibitions were observed. These were kinetically characterized.
Wrap-around surface-wave delay lines (1971)

Acoustic-surface-wave beams at 100 MHz have been circulated in multiple transits around the periphery of small lithiumniobate samples. A time delay of 22 μs per round-trip transit with propagation loss of 5.75 dB per round-trip transit has been observed. This has potential application to delay lines of very long delay using a helical path between input and output transducers, and to delay lines having lower insertion loss and triple-transit signals than conventional lines.
Evidence for inhibition of leukotriene A4 synthesis by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid in guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1981)

The sensitivity of the 5-lipoxygenase to inhibition by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) is species- and/or tissue-dependent. Guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid and stimulated with ionophore A23187 formed 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), as well as several dihydroxy fatty acids, including 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-6,8,10-(cis/trans/trans)-14-(cis)-eicosatetraenoic acid. ETYA (40 microM) did not inhibit, but, rather, increased the incorporation of 3H label into 5-HETE. In contrast, ETYA markedly inhibited the formation of radiolabeled dihydroxy acid metabolites by the A23187-stimulated cells. Assay of products from polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid plus A23187, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet absorption, showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the formation of dihydroxy acid metabolite by ETYA (1-50 microM) and an increase in 5-HETE levels (maximum of 2- to 3-fold). The latter finding was verified by stable isotope dilution assay with deuterated 5-HETE as the internal standard. Another lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, potently inhibited the formation of both 5-HETE and dihydroxy acids, with an IC50 of 2 microM. The data suggest that ETYA can inhibit the enzymatic step whereby 5-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid is converted to leukotriene A4 in guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Annexin A2 Binding to Endosomes and Functions in Endosomal Transport Are Regulated by Tyrosine 23 Phosphorylation (2008)

The phospholipid-binding annexin A2 (AnxA2) is known to play a role in the regulation of membrane and actin dynamics, in particular in the endocytic pathway. The protein is present on early endosomes, where it regulates membrane traffic, including the biogenesis of multivesicular transport intermediates destined for late endosomes. AnxA2 membrane association depends on the protein N terminus and membrane cholesterol but does not involve the AnxA2 ligand p11/S100A10. However, the precise mechanisms that control AnxA2 membrane association and function are not clear. In the present study, we have investigated the role of AnxA2 N-terminal phosphorylation in controlling association to endosomal membranes and functions. We found that endosomal AnxA2 was partially tyrosine-phosphorylated and that mutation of Tyr-23 to Ala (AnxA2Y23A), but not of Ser-25 to Ala, impaired AnxA2 endosome association. We then found that the AnxA2Y23A mutant was unable to bind endosomes in vivo, whereas a phospho-mimicking AnxA2 mutant (Y23D) showed efficient endosome binding capacity. Similarly, we found that AnxA2Y23D interacted more efficiently with liposomes in vitro when compared with AnxA2Y23A. To investigate the role of Tyr-23 in vivo, AnxA2 was knocked down with small interfering RNAs, and then cells were recomplemented with RNA interference-resistant forms of the protein. Using this strategy, we could show that AnxA2Y23D, but not AnxA2Y23A, could restore early-to-late endosome transport after AnxA2 depletion. We conclude that phosphorylation of Tyr-23 is essential for proper endosomal association and function of AnxA2, perhaps because it stabilizes membrane-associated protein via a conformational change.
Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore (2012)

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 143099, ’Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore,’ by Steve Nas, SPE, Weatherford, prepared for the 2011 IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-6 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Closing the wellbore at the top with a rotating control device (RCD) for some kind of managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) operations raises a number of issues with regard to well control and kick detection. The use of an RCD provides drillers with an additional level of comfort because it is a pressure-management device, but it does not eliminate the need to have well control as a primary objective. Early kick detection and annular-pressure control are essential parts of MPD operations, but there can be confusion as to where the responsibility for well control lies. Introduction The detection of inflow from a formation is one of the primary safety aspects of drilling operations. Even with a closed wellbore and with the use of MPD technology, kick detection and the subsequent well-control procedures must remain in place. The rig crew can get a false sense of security that with MPD, the well is controlled at all times and as such there is no further need for well control. The causes of kicks are not removed when MPD operations are being conducted. The procedures and risk assessments for MPD operations must include kick-detection and well-control methods and procedures. Primary Well Control Controlling the annular-pressure profile is one of the main reasons for MPD, but it may not avoid kicks in a well. If the pore pressures of the formations being drilled are unknown, then kicks can still be taken. This leads to the next challenge: To contain an influx safely, the influx first must be detected. If MPD is used to control the bottomhole pressure (BHP) in the well, then it can be stated that MPD is the primary well control because the pressure in the well is controlled to avoid an influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. The use of an RCD to close in the wellbore makes drilling operations safer. However, it must be noted that, often, the objectives of MPD are to reduce the hydrostatic pressure, avoid losses, and drill the well with a lower mud weight. Reducing the mud weight can introduce more well-control events.
A tunable three layer phase mask for single laser exposure 3D photonic crystal generations: bandgap simulation and holographic fabrication (2011)

Through the use of a multi-layer phase mask to produce fivebeam interference, three-dimensional photonic crystals can be formed through single exposure to a photoresist.In these holographically formed structures, the interconnectivity is controlled by the relative phase difference among contributing beams.Photonic band gaps are calculated and the simulation shows a maximum bandgap of 18% of the middle gap frequency when the phase difference is optimized.A three-layer phase mask is fabricated by placing a spacer layer between two orthogonally-orientated gratings.The phase difference is controlled by thermal-tuning of the spacer thickness.Photonic crystal templates are holographically fabricated in a photosensitive polymer using the phase mask. ©2011 Optical Society of America
Scientific collecting in Malawi, a response to Dowsett-Lemaire <i>et al.</i> (2015)

Summary We present a response to Dowsett-Lemaire et al. regarding their contention that there is a “new threat” posed by scientific collecting in Malawi and elsewhere.
Biodegradable Nanoneedles for Localized Delivery of Nanoparticles <i>in Vivo:</i> Exploring the Biointerface (2015)

Nanoneedles display potential in mediating the delivery of drugs and biologicals, as well as intracellular sensing and single-cell stimulation, through direct access to the cell cytoplasm. Nanoneedles enable cytosolic delivery, negotiating the cell membrane and the endolysosomal system, thus overcoming these major obstacles to the efficacy of nanotherapeutics. The low toxicity and minimal invasiveness of nanoneedles have a potential for the sustained nonimmunogenic delivery of payloads in vivo, provided that the development of biocompatible nanoneedles with a simple deployment strategy is achieved. Here we present a mesoporous silicon nanoneedle array that achieves a tight interface with the cell, rapidly negotiating local biological barriers to grant temporary access to the cytosol with minimal impact on cell viability. The tightness of this interfacing enables both delivery of cell-impermeant quantum dots in vivo and live intracellular sensing of pH. Dissecting the biointerface over time elucidated the dynamics of cell association and nanoneedle biodegradation, showing rapid interfacing leading to cytosolic payload delivery within less than 30 minutes in vitro. The rapid and simple application of nanoneedles in vivo to the surface of tissues with different architectures invariably resulted in the localized delivery of quantum dots to the superficial cells and their prolonged retention. This investigation provides an understanding of the dynamics of nanoneedles' biointerface and delivery, outlining a strategy for highly local intracellular delivery of nanoparticles and cell-impermeant payloads within live tissues.