gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of intron location on intron‐mediated enhancement of gene expression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

Introns are often required for full expression of genes in organisms as diverse as plants, insects, nematodes, yeast, and mammals. To explore the potential mechanisms of intron-mediated enhancement in Arabidopsis thaliana, the effect of varying the position of an intron was determined using a series of reporter gene fusions between TRYPTOPHAN BIOSYNTHESIS1 (TRP1) and GUS. Two introns that differ in the degree to which they stimulate expression were individually tested at six locations within coding sequences and two positions in the 3'-UTR. The ability of the first introns from both the TRP1 and POLYUBIQUITIN10 (UBQ10) genes to elevate mRNA accumulation in transgenic plants was found to decline with distance from the promoter, despite their being efficiently spliced from all coding sequence locations. Neither intron significantly enhanced mRNA accumulation when positioned 1.1 kb or more from the start of transcription. In addition, measurements of GUS enzyme activity revealed that both introns at all locations elevated GUS activity more than they enhanced mRNA accumulation. The stimulation mediated by two of four other introns tested at the position nearest the promoter was also greater at the level of GUS activity than mRNA accumulation. These findings support a model in which introns increase transcription and promote translation by two distinct mechanisms.
Research on the prediction system of cutting tool life (2013)

According to the problem that exists in the simple digit accumulation method of the cutting tool life, this paper put forward the conception of equivalent life of cutting tool. And the mathematics model of cutting tool life was founded based on the conception. Therefore, the actual wear value of cutting tool can be well reflected. Based on the Labview, the tool life offline prediction software and tool life on-line prediction software were developed to provide theoretical basis of calculating tool life for cutting tool requirement planning, cutting tool cost accounting and the planning of the cutting parameters.
Agreement between the AMPLICOR Human Papillomavirus Test and the Hybrid Capture 2 Assay in Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Diagnosis of Biopsy-Confirmed High-Grade Cervical Disease (2006)

The AMPLICOR HPV test (AMP) and the Hybrid Capture 2 assay (HC2) detect 13 high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types. Evaluation of comparative performance with clinical samples is needed to allow informed implementation of AMP into clinical practice. AMP was used (i) to assess the prevalence of HR-HPV in 1,032 samples of known cytology, HC2 status, and/or confirmed histology; (ii) to determine agreement between AMP and HC2; (iii) to evaluate the clinical sensitivity and specificity for detecting HR-HPV; and (iv) to detect the presence of biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The prevalence of HR-HPV was 39.3% and 45.6% by AMP and HC2, respectively. Overall agreement was 89.2% (kappa value, 0.78). Of 509 HR-HPV-negative specimens by HC2, 488 (95.9%) were AMP negative. Of 427 HR-HPV-positive specimens by HC2, 347 (81.2%) were AMP positive. In comparing the ability to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), the two tests were positive for all HSIL samples. Both tests performed similarly on CIN2+ samples (clinical sensitivities were 96.7% and 97.8%, respectively, for AMP and HC2). The clinical specificities of AMP and HC2 were comparable (54.9% versus 51.6%; P=0.18). Genotyping of 20 HC2-negative/AMP-positive cases using alternative technologies revealed target HR genotypes in 63.1% of cases and low-risk types in 15.7% of cases, while 21% of cases were negative. In conclusion, AMP provides a viable alternative to HC2, with good agreement for samples with high-grade cytology and similar sensitivity in detecting CIN2+ lesions.
Flow of Gasoline Thickened by Napalm (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow of Gasoline Thickened by NapalmGeorge A. Agoston, Walter H. Harte, Hoyt C. Hottel, William A. Klemm , Karol Mysels, Harold Pomeroy, and John ThompsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 5, 1017–1019Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50533a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50533a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A wide stopband branch-line coupler using defected ground structure (2010)

This paper presents a novel branch-line coupler which has a wide stopband characteristic with attenuation 30 dB from 4 GHz to 8 GHz using defected ground structure (DGS). The conventional branch-line coupler suffers from the presence of spurious response at odd harmonics of the operating frequency. The proposed coupler adopts the two symmetrical dumbbell DGS under the input and output feed lines to suppress the harmonic components. To verify the proposed structure, both simulated results of the conventional and proposed branch-line coupler are presented. It demonstrates that the proposed structure has a high harmonic suppression. Moreover, it produces a much wider passband bandwidth compared with the conventional coupler design. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results.
Vaccinia virus: a model system for actin-membrane interactions (1996)

Our understanding of the interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and cellular membranes at the molecular level is rudimentary. One system that offers an opportunity to examine these interactions in greater detail is provided by vaccinia virus, which induces the nucleation of actin tails from the outer membrane surrounding the virion. To further understand the mechanism of their formation and how they generate motility, we have examined the structure of these actin tails in detail. Actin filaments in vaccinia tails are organized so they splay out at up to 45 degrees from the centre of the tail and are up to 0.74 micron in length, which is considerably longer than those reported in the Listeria system. Actin filaments show unidirectional polarity with their barbed filament ends pointing towards the surface of the virus particle. Rhodamine-actin incorporation experiments show that the first stage of tail assembly involves a polarized recruitment of G-actin, and not pre-formed actin filaments, to the membrane surrounding the virion. Incorporation of actin into the tail only occurs by nucleation from the viral surface, suggesting filament ends in the tail are blocked against further actin addition. As virus particles fuse with the plasma membrane during the extention of projections, actin nucleation sites previously in the viral membrane become localized to the plasma membrane, where they are able to nucleate actin polymerization in a manner analogous to the leading edge of motile cells.
The Role of Protein Denaturation, Extent of Proteolysis, and Storage Temperature on the Mechanism of Age Gelation in a Model System (1988)

A model system was used to investigate the effects of heat treatment, storage temperature, and proteolysis on the gelation time of both unconcentrated and concentrated (evaporated) milks. For unconcentrated milks, increasing levels of whey protein denaturation retarded the gelation process. Elevated storage temperatures accelerated the gelation process, but only in cases where milk samples had been previously proteolyzed. The actual extent of proteolysis was not related to gelation time. In evaporated milk, increasing temperature and extent of proteolysis reduced gelation time. Samples that had no induced proteolysis also gelled. Age gelation in unconcentrated and concentrated milks is controlled by two different mechanisms. In unconcentrated milk, gelation is a two-stage process where proteolysis is followed by nonenzymatic physicochemical changes In concentrated milk, gelation occurrs by nonenzymatic physicochemical processes.
Rice acyl-CoA-binding proteins OsACBP4 and OsACBP5 are differentially localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of transgenic<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2014)

Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are known to bind and transport acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids intracellularly. In our recent paper in the New Phytologist, we reported that the six acyl-CoA-binding proteins (OsACBPs) in rice (Oryza sativa) are distributed across various subcellular compartments in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) such as the cytosol (OsACBP1, OsACBP2 and OsACBP3), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) including the tubules (OsACBP4 and OsACBP5) and the cisternae (OsACBP4), and the peroxisomes (OsACBP6). Localization of OsACBP4::GFP to the peripheral ER cisternae and the central cisternal ER-like structures in transgenic Arabidopsis distinguished it from OsACBP5::GFP. We further report that besides the ER, OsACBP4::GFP and OsACBP5::GFP were also targeted to the membrane of ER bodies and ER-derived spherical structures, respectively, in transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings support our previous conclusion that OsACBP4 and OsACBP5 are not redundant proteins in the ER.
Lectin-Like Bacteriocins from Pseudomonas spp. Utilise D-Rhamnose Containing Lipopolysaccharide as a Cellular Receptor (2014)

Lectin-like bacteriocins consist of tandem monocot mannose-binding domains and display a genus-specific killing activity. Here we show that pyocin L1, a novel member of this family from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, targets susceptible strains of this species through recognition of the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) of P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide that is predominantly a homopolymer of D-rhamnose. Structural and biophysical analyses show that recognition of CPA occurs through the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain of pyocin L1 and that this interaction is a prerequisite for bactericidal activity. Further to this, we show that the previously described lectin-like bacteriocin putidacin L1 shows a similar carbohydrate-binding specificity, indicating that oligosaccharides containing D-rhamnose and not D-mannose, as was previously thought, are the physiologically relevant ligands for this group of bacteriocins. The widespread inclusion of d-rhamnose in the lipopolysaccharide of members of the genus Pseudomonas explains the unusual genus-specific activity of the lectin-like bacteriocins.
Determination of arterial input function using fuzzy clustering for quantification of cerebral blood flow with dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced MR imaging (2001)

Abstract An accurate determination of the arterial input function (AIF) is necessary for quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we developed a method for obtaining the AIF automatically using fuzzy c‐means (FCM) clustering. The validity of this approach was investigated with computer simulations. We found that this method can automatically extract the AIF, even under very noisy conditions, e.g., when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is 2. The simulation results also indicated that when using a manual drawing of a region of interest (ROI) (manual ROI method), the contamination of surrounding pixels (background) into ROI caused considerable overestimation of CBF. We applied this method to six subjects and compared it with the manual ROI method. The CBF values, calculated using the AIF obtained using the manual ROI method [CBF(manual)], were significantly higher than those obtained with FCM clustering [CBF(fuzzy)]. This may have been due to the contamination of non‐arterial pixels into the manually drawn ROI, as suggested by simulation results. The ratio of CBF(manual) to CBF(fuzzy) ranged from 0.99–1.83 [1.31 ± 0.26 (mean ± SD)]. In conclusion, our FCM clustering method appears promising for determination of AIF because it allows automatic, rapid and accurate extraction of arterial pixels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:797–806. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on the constituents of Aconitum species. III. On the components of Aconitum subcuneatum NAKAI. (1985)

A new alkaloid, 14-benzoylneoline, and four known alkaloids, neoline, karakoline, 14-acetyldelcosine, and penduline, were isolated from the roots of Aconitum subcuneatum NAKAI. The structures of 14-benzoylneoline and penduline were confirmed by derivation of these compounds from neoline and aconitine, respectively. A radical-type deoxygenation of a bridgehead hydroxyl group at C-13 was used in the transformation of aconitine into penduline through three steps.
Transient Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase mRNAs in Potato Leaves Infected with Virulent or Avirulent Races of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (1987)

Infection of potato leaves with the fingal pathogen Pkytophtkora iafstaas (Pi) resulted in the rapid stimulation of phenylpropanoid me- tabolism. Increases in the activities of several mRNAs, including those enoding phenylnine am -lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate.:CoA li- gase (4CL), were detectable within a few hours postinoculation, as demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins synthe- sized in vitro. This effect was closely mimicked by application of Pi cultue filtrate through cut leaf stems. PAL and 4CL mRNA activities were also rapidly and trasiently induced in potato cell suspension cultures by treatments with Pi culture filtrate or arachidonic acid. This induction was exploited to generate cDNA probes complementary to PAL and 4CL mRNAs. Blot hybridizations using these probes revealed almost immediate, transient and coordinate increases in the transcription rates and subsequnt ches in the amounts of PAL and 4CL mRNAs in leaves treated with Pi cultwe filtrate. Similar changes in the mRNA
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates cell proliferation, proteoglycan synthesis and expression of growth factor-related genes in human nucleus pulposus cell line (2009)

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation has been shown to effect differentiation and activation of human chondrocytes. A study involving stimulation of rabbit disc cells with LIPUS revealed upregulation of cell proliferation and proteoglycan (PG) synthesis. However, the effect of LIPUS on human nucleus pulposus cells has not been investigated. In the present study, therefore, we investigated whether LIPUS stimulation of a human nucleus pulposus cell line (HNPSV-1) exerted a positive effect on cellular activity. HNPSV-1 cells were encapsulated in 1.2% sodium alginate solution at 1x10(5) cells/ml and cultured at 10 beads/well in 6-well plates. The cells were stimulated for 20 min each day using a LIPUS generator, and the effects of LIPUS were evaluated by measuring DNA and PG synthesis. Furthermore, mRNA expression was analyzed by cDNA microarray using total RNA extracted from the cultured cells. Our study revealed no significant difference in cell proliferation between the control and the ultrasound treated groups. However, PG production was significantly upregulated in HNPSV cells stimulated at intensities of 15, 30, 60, and 120 mW/cm(2) compared with the control. The results of cDNA array showed that LIPUS significantly stimulated the gene expression of growth factors and their receptors (BMP2, FGF7, TGFbetaR1 EGFRF1, VEGF). These findings suggest that LIPUS stimulation upregulates PG production in human nucleus pulposus cells by the enhancement of several matrix-related genes including growth factor-related genes. Safe and non-invasive stimulation using LIPUS may be a useful treatment for delaying the progression of disc degeneration.
Routing control scheme prolonging network lifetime in a 6LoWPAN WSN with Power-supplied and battery-powered nodes (2012)

In a smart home, smart taps will be important sensors that constitute a multihop home sensor network. Since a smart tap is connected to household AC power, there is no need to consider batteries. Therefore, if power-supplied nodes like smart taps are selected as relay nodes, network lifetime will be maximized. In this paper, a new route determination scheme is proposed that preferentially selects power-supplied nodes like smart taps as relay nodes in an IPv6-implemented wireless sensor network for a smart home. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme prolongs the network lifetime compared to the current schemes.
A STUDY ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF DIUREA GREASE (2000)

The process of producing diurea grease was explored by mass spectroscopy(MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT IR).The change of diurea grease structure with increasing container temperature was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM).Changes in the fibre of diurea grease were related to dropping point.Hydrogen bonding was found among diurea molecules by using FT IR and the amount of hydrogen bonding increased in a range of temperature.Hydrogen bonding forced diurea molecules to be arranged in order and a stable structure was formed at last.
A High-Throughput Satellite System for Serving whole Europe with Fast Internet Service, Employing Optical Feeder Links (2015)

Geostationary communication satellites can effectively cover gaps in internet-connectivity of European households that cannot be reached by terrestrial technology. However, these satellite systems need a major technological advancement in terms of data throughput. Therefore we propose a bidirectional communication satellite system with user links in the Ka-band and feeder-links that provide Terabits per second transmission rates. To keep the number of gateway stations at a reasonable number, higher RF frequencies (Q/V-band) or even optical feeder links are required. This new transmis-sion technology requires a conceptual change in ground network layout, at the same time increasing satellite throughput capabilities by around two orders of magnitude.
Parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections and its optical architecture (1990)

This paper proposes a parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections, which is more readily implemented by optics and is able to classify patterns correctly, even if they have been shifted or distorted. Error backpropagation is used as a training algorithm. Computer simulation results presented indicate that the processing is effective and the network can deal with the shifted or distorted patterns. Moreover, the optical implementation architecture using matched filters for the model is discussed.
Apoptosis-inducing activity of vitamin C and vitamin K. (2000)

Apoptosis-inducing activity of vitamins C and K and of their analogs are reviewed. Vitamin C shows both reducing and oxidizing activities, depending on the environment in which this vitamin is present. Higher concentrations of vitamin C induce apoptotic cell death in various tumor cell lines including oral squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland tumor cell lines, possibly via its prooxidant action. The apoptosis-inducing activity of ascorbate is stimulated by Cu2+, lignin and ion chelator, and inhibited by catalase, Fe3+, Co2+ and saliva. On the other hand, at lower concentrations, ascorbic acid displays an antioxidant property, preventing the spontaneous and stress or antitumor agent-induced apoptosis. Sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate, intravenous administration of which induces degeneration of human inoperable tumors and rat hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo, induces apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death, depending on the types of target cells. On the other hand, elevation of intracellular concentration of ascorbic acid by treatment with ascorbate 2-phosphate or dehydroascorbic acid makes the cells resistant to the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Vitamin K2, which has a geranylgeranyl group as a side chain,and vitamin K3 induces apoptosis of various cultured cells including osteoclasts and osteoblasts, by elevating peroxide and superoxide radicals. Synergistic apoptosis-inducing actions have been found between vitamins C and K, and between these vitamins and antiproliferative agents. The possible therapeutic application of these vitamins is discussed.
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Keywords: Exploring Mobile Image-Based Web Searching (2008)

Using images of objects as queries is a new approach to search for information on the Web. Image-based information retrieval goes beyond only matching images, as information in other modalities also can be extracted from data collections using an image search. We have developed a new system that uses images to search for web-based information. This paper has a particular focus on exploring users' experience of general mobile image-based web searches to find what issues and phenomena it contains. This was achieved in a multipart study by creating and letting respondents test prototypes of mobile image-based search systems and collect data using interviews, observations, video observations, and questionnaires. We observed that searching for information based only on visual similarity and without any assistance is sometimes difficult, especially on mobile devices with limited interaction bandwidth. Most of our subjects preferred a search tool that guides the users through the search result based on contextual information, compared to presenting the search result as a plain ranked list.
Tissue Expansion in Head and Neck Reconstruction (1988)

The present study reviews our clinical experience with tissue expansion in head and neck reconstruction. The clinical series consists of 33 expansions performed in 29 patients between 1983 and 1986. The results of tissue expansion in the head and neck were distinguished by a high complication rate, necessitating some revision in the original treatment plan in 48 percent of patients. Despite this high incidence of complications, sufficient tissue was generated to successfully complete the planned reconstruction in 79 percent of patients. Specific complications were observed with particularly high frequency within distinct anatomic sites. The highest incidence of complications occurred in the cheek and neck (69 percent) and forehead (50 percent) regions. Complications in the eyelid region (33 percent) and scalp (17 percent) were less common. Implant exposure was the most frequently observed complication. Other sequelae noted in this series included intractable pain, infection, and bone resorption.