gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Inhibition of Halite Scaling in Topsides Equipment (2000)

Abstract Carbonate or sulphate scaling is usually mitigated by using chemical inhibitors that alter the growth mode of the scale mineral, but with halite scaling the apparent absence of a suitable inhibitor has meant that periodic removal with low-salinity water has been favoured. We report laboratory testing and the first field application of a chemical inhibitor for halite scaling. The inhibitor was field-tested in the Leman gas field (North Sea), where halite scaling occurs in gas-compression equipment due to evaporation of water from brine droplets carried over from the gas-water separator. The scale reduces the efficiency of both compressor and cooler, necessitating regular costly cleaning of the internals. After a recent system clean out, the cheap, non-toxic halite inhibitor was dosed continuously for 3 months into the production stream downstream of the gas-water separator. Whilst halite deposition was not completely suppressed, an increase in compressor efficiency was observed for all compression stages compared with recent non-inhibited data. A significant improvement in gas-cooler efficiency and a reduced tendency to block gas-flow meters, were also observed. This indicates that the inhibitor has considerable potential for cost-effective control of halite scaling, possibly as an alternative to periodic removal or in combination with it.
Dynamic wave-front generation for the characterization and testing of optical systems (1998)

We describe a simple method for generating known optical aberrations dynamically, using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Aberrations inherent in the optical system are measured and corrected, and as an example Kolmogorov turbulence is simulated for aperture sizes D/r(0) from 0 to 30, varying at frame rates up to 2.5 kHz. A measure of wave-front generation efficiency is introduced and is shown to be better than 86% for Kolmogorov phase screens with D/r(0) in the range from 0 to 30.
Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal development by plant host and fungus species in alfalfa (1998)

Two cvs of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), Gilboa and Moapa 69, were inoculated in glasshouse pots with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to investigate the efficacy of mycorrhizas with respect to the extent of colonization and sporulation. Paspalum notatum Flugge also was inoculated to describe fungal parameters on a routine pot culture host. Percentage root length of P. notatum colonized by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, and Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall increased from 10 to 21 wk, and all fungi sporulated during that period. In alfalfa, only colonization by G. intraradices increased over that time period, and it was the only fungus to sporulate in association with alfalfa at 10 wk. Glomus mosseae did not sporulate after 16–21 wk despite having colonized 30–35% of the root length of both alfalfa cvs. In vitro experiments in which Ri T‐DNA‐transformed roots of alfalfa were inoculated with AM fungi showed normal mycorrhizal formation by G. intraradices and a hypersensitivity‐like response to Gi. margarita . Colonized cells became necrotic, and HPLC analysis indicated increased concentrations of phenolics and isoflavonoids in these root segments. These data strongly support the existence of a degree of specificity between AM fungi and host that might rely on specific biochemical regulatory processes initiated in the host as a result of the attempts at colonization by the fungus.
Digital averaging and recording of DLTS signals (1997)

In this paper we introduce a new approach to the signal processing in digital DLTS systems. The problems of signal recovery from noise and efficient data storage are addressed separately from the transient signal analysis. The paper describes an improved digital averaging scheme for DLTS signal recovery from noise and transient data storage. Compared to other digital DLTS systems, it offers an improved short delay time resolution, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and more efficient data storage. At the same time it offers real time observation of essentially noise-free transients and, like analog systems, a real time display of the DLTS scan.
Kepstrum approach to real-time speech-enhancement methods using two microphones (2005)

The objective of this paper is to provide improved real-time noise canceling performance by using\nkepstrum analysis. The method is applied to typically existing two-microphone approaches using\nmodified adaptive noise canceling and speech beamforming methods. It will be shown that the kepstrum\napproach gives an improved effect for optimally enhancing a speech signal in the primary input when it\nis applied to the front-end of a beamformer or speech directivity system. As a result, enhanced\nperformance in the form of an improved noise reduction ratio with highly reduced adaptive filter size can\nbe achieved. Experiments according to 20cm broadside microphone configuration are implemented in\nreal-time in a real environment, which is a typical indoor office with a moderate reverberation condition.
3C-SiC Single-Crystal Films Grown on 6-Inch Si Substrates (1997)

The heteroepitaxial growth of 3C-SiC on Si(001) substrates has been studied in a hot-wall-type low-pressure reactor. The Si substrates were carbonized by C2H2 prior to the SiC growth process to suppress the undesirable effects of lattice mismatching between Si and 3C-SiC. A single-crystal carbonized layer (3C-SiC) was obtained from 500 °C to higher than 1000 °C in an C2H2 environment. Following the carbonization process, SiH2Cl2 and C2H2 were alternately supplied into the reaction tube to grow an epitaxial 3C-SiC film. The growth rate of 3C-SiC depended on the amount of Si incorporated into the surface of the substrates by H2 reduction of SiCl2 as a Si precursor. The “H2 intermittent flow” method employed during the SiC growth process efficiently suppressed the reduction of SiCl2 and induced a constant growth rate of the SiC. The crystallinity of the grown 3C-SiC films on Si substrates was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction methods. The grown 3C-SiC films included anti-phase boundaries and twins. The concentration of these plane defects decreased due to coalescence with each other during SiC growth and resulted in an improvement in crystallinity and electrical properties.
A new chromogenic medium for the isolation of Listeria spp. (2001)

A new medium is described for the isolation of Listeria spp. from foods and environmental samples. It is based on a modified Oxford medium in which 3,4-cyclohexenoesculetin-beta-D-glucoside replaces aesculin. Positive colonies are intensely black with the advantage that the pigment does not diffuse into the medium. The medium, when tested alongside the US Department of Agriculture (spiked samples) and Food and Drug Administration (naturally contaminated samples) isolation procedures, performed significantly better than the current formulations (34% more confirmed positives from naturally contaminated samples) with a reduction of 1 d in the assay time for most samples.
80 km transmission at 10 Gbps using a directly-modulated miniature planar-external-cavity (PLANEX) laser (2005)

In this presentation, the record results of a directly modulated PLANEX external cavity lasers (ECL), which has achieved 80 km transmission distances at 10 Gbps with a power penalty of only 1.4 dB, due to optimized chirp characteristics are presented. The ECL has been miniaturized and integrated into a TOSA applicable for industry standard XFP modules, and is directly applicable to DWDM operation due to the use of a PLC based Bragg reflector
Treatment Strategy for Recurrent and Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Efficacy of High-Dose Chemotherapy with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2006)

According to population statistics in Japan, approximately 3,800 women die of ovarian -cancer annually, and approximately 6,000 are affected by this disease. Ovarian cancer is -referred to as a "silent tumor", since patients have few subjective symptoms and by the time symptoms are observed, the cancer has progressed to Stage III or IV in about half of the patients. The basic treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is to remove as much of the tumor as possible, and subsequently to perform anticancer therapy using drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel, all of which have been shown to be effective for epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate in advanced ovarian cancer patients is still only about 20%, and a treatment that leads to long-term survival has yet to be developed. Here, we review the available treatments for ovarian cancer, and present the results of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) performed in our hospital for recurrent and refractory -ovarian cancer.
Understanding the strength of epoxy-polyimide interfaces for flip-chip packages (2003)

Polyimides are commonly used as organic passivation layers for microelectronic devices due to their unique combination of low dielectric constant, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties. Polyimides are well known to have poor adhesion to epoxy resins. Many surface treatment methods have been developed to increase epoxy-polyimide adhesion. These include various ion beam, plasma treatment, or chemical treatment methods. The goal of this research is to understand the strength of epoxy-polyimide interfaces by studying the effect of polyimide chemical structure on epoxy-polyimide adhesion. The four polyimides chosen in this study are commonly used in the microelectronics industry: poly (pyromellitic dianhydride-oxydianiline [PMDA-ODA], poly (3,3/spl acute/,4,4/spl acute/-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride-phenylene diamine [BPDA-PDA], poly (hexafluoroisopropylidene-diphthalic anhydride-oxydianiline) [6FDA-ODA], and 5(6) -Amino-1-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,3, trimethylindanbenzophenonetetacarboxylic dianhydride copolymer [BTDA-DAPI]. The adhesive strengths between an epoxy resin and these four polyimides were characterized using interfacial fracture mechanics and the critical interfacial strain energy release rates ranged from 20 to 179 J/m/sup 2/ depending on the particular polyimide used. The loci of failure for these epoxy-polyimide interfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and found to be at the interphase region for all four interfaces. It is interesting that the strength of the interfaces appears to be related to the predicted interfacial widths from solubility parameter theory.
Interferometric investigation of a cablegun plasma injector (2000)

A two-beam interferometer operating in heterodyne mode was used to determine the velocity and electron number density of a plasma ejected from a cablegun identical to those in the plasma opening switch (POS) of the DECEDE pulsed power facility. Time-resolved data were processed via digital phase demodulation techniques to measure electron number density at the two beam locations. Cross-correlation analysis of the two signals provided objective estimates of the effective plasma velocity. Experiments were carried out in unobstructed vacuum and near a flat ungrounded conducting plate to examine the plasma in vacuum and its buildup against the POS cathode.
Possible involvement of DNA methylation in 5-azacytidine-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. (1999)

Eight chemicals that are cytidine analogues or nucleosides (5-azacytidine (5AzC), 5-azadeoxycytidine, 6-azacytidine, 5-azacytosin, cytidine, 3-deazaadenine, 3-deazauridine and 6-azauridine) were examined for the ability to induce neuronal apoptosis. 5AzC and 5-azadeoxycytidine induced apoptosis in the brain and spinal cord of the fetuses at 24 hr after the injection to dams, while the other chemicals tested failed to induce apoptosis. In the system of PC12 cells, only 5AzC induced apoptosis, and other chemicals failed to provoke morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis. 5AzC, 5-azadeoxycytidine and 6-azacytidine failed to induce apoptosis in C6 cells. Gel electrophoresis after MspI or HapII digestions revealed no apparent evidence of DNA demethylation after 5AzC-treatment in either fetal brains or PC12 cells. These results indicate that DNA demethylation is possibly involved in 5AzC-induced neuronal apoptosis although no direct evidence of DNA demethylation was obtained.
On adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis in vitro. V. Activators and inhibitors. Evidence for the presence of substrate-specific 21-hydroxylases. (1972)

ABSTRACT Following a discussion of the potential modification of the neogenesis of corticosterone and cortisol from the endogenous precursor cholesterol in vitro all possible types of modifications have been realized: I. Corticosterone stimulation; II. Cortisol stimulation; III. Total stimulation; IV. Total inhibition; V. Cortisol inhibition; VI. Corticosterone inhibition. Most of the substances involved belong to the class of 3- and 4-mono-substituted pyridine derivatives. Of particular interest are the corticosterone blockers of type VI which lead to a concomitant stimulation of cortisol formation. The effects of one of these corticosterone blockers on various labelled precursors suggest the existence of two different 21-hydroxylases, one for 17α-deoxy- and another for 17α-hydroxy-C21-steroids. A possible mechanism of action of these compounds and the pathological equivalents of the resulting enzyme deficiencies are discussed.
Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection (2020)

The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview on the most frequent laboratory abnormalities encountered in patients with COVID-2019 infection An electronic search was performed in Medline (PubMed interface), Scopus and Web of Science, using the keywords 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoVor without date or language restrictions The title, abstract and full text (when available) of all articles identified according to these search criteria were scrutinized by the authors, and those describing significant laboratory abnormalities in patients with severe COVID-19 infection were finally selected The references of identified documents were also crosschecked for detecting additional studies A particular mention shall be made for procalcitonin and coagulation tests The former test does not appear substantially altered in patients with COVID-19 at admission, but the progressive increase of its value seemingly mirrors a worse prognosis This is not unexpected, whereby serum procalcitonin levels are typically normal in patients with viral infections (or viral sepsis), whilst its gradual increase probably mirrors bacterial superinfection, which may then contribute to drive the clinical course towards unfavorable progression The measurement of other innovative sepsis biomarkers, such as presepsin, for example, would probably help in increasing the accuracy in identification of severe COVID-19 cases, as well as for improving the current approach used for mortality risk prediction As concerns hemostasis tests, the evidence that laboratory criteria for diagnosing DIC are present in nearly three-fourths of patients who died underscores the critical role of these tests in this and other clinical settings, thus suggesting that their assessment shall be considered a routine part of COVID-19 patient monitoring
Estrogen Receptor Target Gene: An Evolving Concept (2006)

Estrogen receptor (ER) functions as a transcription factor to induce gene expression events sufficient for cell division and breast cancer progression. A significant body of work exists on the identification of ER gene targets and the cofactors that contribute to these transcription events, yet surprisingly little is known of the cis-regulatory elements involved. In this review, we investigate the advances in technology that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of ER target genes and explore recent work identifying cis-regulatory domains that augment transcription of these targets. Specifically, we find that ER association with gene targets results from an association with the pioneer factor FoxA1, responsible for recruitment of ER to the genome. Recruitment of ER to the genome does not occur at promoter proximal regions, but instead involves distal enhancer elements that function to tether the ER complex to the target gene promoters. These advances in technology permit a more detailed investigation of ER activity and may aid in the development of superior drug interventions.
CI‐911: A placebo‐controlled study in patients with primary degenerative dementia (1988)

Abstract Twenty patients with primary degenerative dementia participated in a 6‐week, doseranging, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of Cl‐911, a cognition activator that enhances performance in animal models of impaired cognition. Cl‐911 was well tolerated in these patients, but it did not result in significant improvement on objective measures of cognition, social functioning, or self‐care.
Rotation of Transition Metal Ions under Electric Fields: Possible New Superconducting Electron Pairing Mechanism (2018)

Electric field effects in iron- and copper-based superconductors were studied by using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The research objects include iron-based superconductors (KFe2Se2, LaFeAsO, NdFeAsO, and BaFe2As2) and copper-based superconductors (YBa2Cu3O7, HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8, Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10). To describe the strong correlation effect of 3d-electrons or 4f-electrons, the GGA+U method was used. Some results were further verified by the HSE method. The densities of states (DOS) were given. The change of the charge densities under electric fields is presented to demonstrate the electric field effect. It is found that the electron clouds of Fe ions in iron-based superconductors, Nd ions in Nd2Fe2As2O2, and Cu ions in copper-based superconductors change obviously. The pattern of the change is more like a rigid-body rotation than an elastic deformation. The author proposed that the rotation of the electron clouds of transition metal ions may be a new medium of superconducting electron pairing. The author’s views about some issues and suggestions on follow-up studies are also presented.
The chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder (2007)

This review summarizes research on the chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a recurrent subtype of depression characterized by a predictable onset in the fall/winter months and spontaneous remission in the spring/summer period. Chronobiological mechanisms related to circadian rhythms, melatonin, and photoperiodism play a significant role in many cases of SAD, and treatment of SAD can be optimized by considering individual differences in key chronobiological markers. Converging evidence also points to a role for the major monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in one or more aspects of SAD. Ultimately, as with other psychiatric illnesses, SAD is best considered as a complex disorder resulting from the interaction of several vulnerability factors acting at different levels, the various genetic mechanisms that underlie them, and the physical environment. Models of SAD that emphasize its potential role in human evolution will also be discussed.
Reversible inhibition of proliferation of epithelial cell lines by Agaricus bisporus (edible mushroom) lectin. (1993)

Galactosyl beta-1,3-N-acetyl galactosamine (Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc) (Thomsen Friedenreich antigen), the Class I core sequence in O-linked oligosaccharide chains, behaves as an oncofetal antigen showing increased expression in many epithelial malignancies. Previous work has shown that peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin that binds Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc, stimulates proliferation in HT-29 (human colon cancer) cells and normal human colonic epithelium and this implies that cell surface glycoproteins which express Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc may play an important role in the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation. We have now studied the effect on epithelial cells of another dietary Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc-binding lectin, the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL). This differs from PNA in its ability to bind also to sialylated Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc. In contrast to PNA, ABL (25 micrograms/ml) inhibited incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of HT29 colon cancer cells by 87% (95% confidence limit, 85-89%), Caco-2 colon cancer cells by 16% (95% confidence limit, 12-20%), MCF-7 breast cancer cells by 50% (95% confidence limit, 47-52%), and Rama-27 rat mammary fibroblasts by 55% (95% confidence limit, 51-60%) when these cells were grown for 24 h in serum-free medium. When assessed by cell count, similar inhibition of proliferation of HT29 cells by ABL was found. In the presence of 2% fetal calf serum (which contains the ABL-binding glycoprotein fetuin), the inhibitory effect of ABL on cell proliferation was still demonstrable but at increased ABL concentration (60 micrograms/ml for 49% inhibition). Ten micrograms/ml ABL completely abolished the stimulatory effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation of epidermal growth factor (100 pg/ml) and PNA (25 micrograms/ml) and markedly inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin (50 ng/ml). ABL (0.2 mg/ml) caused no cytotoxicity to HT29, MCF-7, and Rama-27 cells as measured by trypan blue exclusion, and inhibition of proliferation in HT29 cells caused by 50 micrograms/ml ABL was reversible after removal of the lectin. Binding studies with 125I-labeled ABL suggested a single class of binding site with an apparent Kd value of (4.12 +/- 0.29) x 10(-7) M with (3.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(7) binding sites/cell. A. bisporus lectin is a reversible noncytotoxic inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation which deserves study as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Diffuse Proliferative Lupus Nephritis (2000)

For the treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, the combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone is as effective as a regimen of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone followed by azathioprine and prednisolone but is less toxic.