gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution, propagation, and coordination of contractile activity in lymphatics (1993)

The propagation and coordination of lymphatic contractions were studied in the mesentery of the rat small intestine using in situ microscopic observation. Indexes of lymphatic diameter were simultaneously measured at two adjacent lymphangions in spontaneously contracting lymphatics (n = 51). Diameter index, contraction frequency, and the percentage of the intersegmental contractions that were propagated and coordinated (PP) were determined at both sites. The conduction velocity of the contractile activity and the percentage of the coordinated contractions that were propagated both antegrade to the direction of lymph flow and retrograde to the flow stream were determined. The results indicate that 1) 80-90% of the lymphatic contractions in the vessels we evaluated were propagated, 2) the wave of contractile activity propagated both centrally and peripherally, and 3) the conduction velocity of the contractile activity was approximately 4-8 mm/s. We tested the hypothesis that gap junctional communication is responsible for the coordination of the contractile event. To accomplish this, we used the gap junction blockers n-heptanol and oleic acid. PP was 90 +/- 4% under normal conditions and fell to a minimum value of 55 +/- 7% during the gap junction blockade. These results indicate that gap junctional communication played an important role in the propagation and coordination of contractions that occurred in spontaneously active lymphatics.
Sign Change of Poisson's Ratio for Carbon Nanotube Sheets (2008)

Most materials shrink laterally like a rubber band when stretched, so their Poisson's ratios are positive. Likewise, most materials contract in all directions when hydrostatically compressed and decrease density when stretched, so they have positive linear compressibilities. We found that the in-plane Poisson's ratio of carbon nanotube sheets (buckypaper) can be tuned from positive to negative by mixing single-walled and multiwalled nanotubes. Density-normalized sheet toughness, strength, and modulus were substantially increased by this mixing. A simple model predicts the sign and magnitude of Poisson's ratio for buckypaper from the relative ease of nanofiber bending and stretch, and explains why the Poisson's ratios of ordinary writing paper are positive and much larger. Theory also explains why the negative in-plane Poisson's ratio is associated with a large positive Poisson's ratio for the sheet thickness, and predicts that hydrostatic compression can produce biaxial sheet expansion. This tunability of Poisson's ratio can be exploited in the design of sheet-derived composites, artificial muscles, gaskets, and chemical and mechanical sensors.
Process and apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon oils. [horizontal drum-still apparatus] (1926)

An intracellular action for IFN-gamma was detected by using microinjection technology. Human IFN-gamma (huIFN-gamma) does not ordinarily act on murine cells because it fails to bind to murine cell surface receptors. However, when huIFN-gamma was microinjected into murine macrophages, a time and dose-dependent induction of Ia was detected by autoradiography on the surface of injected and neighboring cells. These results imply a direct role for internalized IFN-gamma and show that huIFN-gamma, although it fails to be recognized by murine cell surface receptors, can act internally on murine cells. The effect on Ia gene expression induced by microinjected huIFN-gamma was in part indirect: granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) was released by IFN-gamma-injected macrophages, and this secondary mediator appeared to induce Ia on neighboring cells, inasmuch as anti-GM-CSF blocked Ia induction. Anti-GM-CSF also partially blocked Ia induction by extracellular murine IFN-gamma on murine macrophages. Thus, at least some of the Ia induction attributed to IFN-gamma was mediated by GM-CSF.
Generation of Baculovirus Expression Vector Using Detective Autographa California Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Genome Maintained in Escherichia coli for $Occ^{+}$ Virus Production (2001)

We have generated a novel baculovirus genome which can be maintained in Escherichia coli that facilitates the rapid and efficient generation of recombinant baculovirus expression vectors. To make recombinant expression vectors, polyhedrin gene under the control of p10 promoter was inserted to bAcGOZA and this genome was designated bApGOZA. As in bAcGOZA, bApGOZA lacks a portion of the essential ORF1629 gene, but includes a mini-F replicon and selectable kanamycin-resistance marker, This occasion-producing activity of bApGOZA can be used very conveniently for its oral infectivity to insect larvae in mass production of foreign protein and insecticides.
Performance of channel estimation techniques for MC-CDMA systems (2004)

This paper presents the performance of two channel estimation (CE) techniques for MC-CDMA systems. One is time domain version, where multipath delay profile is estimated and transformed to propagation characteristics of each subcarrier. The other is frequency domain version, where the received signal at the output of fast Fourier transform (FFT) is correlated by the known pilot signal in each subcarrier. We analyze the performance of the two CE techniques and show the superiority of time domain version over frequency domain version. We also show that the performance of the time domain version is dependent on the type of pilot symbols used in MC-CDMA systems.
A new oxidation state of aniline pentamer observed in water‐soluble electroactive oligoaniline‐chitosan polymer (2007)

Abstract A novel water‐soluble electroactive polymer, aniline pentamer crosslinked chitosan (Pentamer‐ c ‐Chi), was prepared by condensation polymerization of the terminal carboxyl groups in aniline pentamer with the amino side groups in chitosan in aqueous solution. The carboxyl groups were activated by N ‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N , N ′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The electrochemical behavior of anilinepentamer in this kind of crosslinked polymer was studied in acidic aqueous solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. There were three reversible redox peaks in the CV of Pentamer‐ c ‐Chi. A new emeraldine oxidization state in the form of radical cations was proposed, which was associated with the new absorption band at 370 nm in the UV–vis spectra. The ESR of the aqueous solution of Pentamer‐ c ‐Chi showed a single Lorentzian shaped signal, which suggested the existence of radical cations. The new redox state was pH dependent and appeared only at pH < 3. The stability of radical cations could be attributed to the hydrogen bonds between radical cations, water, and chitosan. Morphological structure of the Pentamer‐ c ‐Chi can be adjusted by varying the content of aniline pentamer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1124–1135, 2008
Die Konstitution des Tetramethylammoniumsilicats der Zusammensetzung 1,0 N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>OH 1,0 SiO<sub>2</sub> · 8,0–8,3 H<sub>2</sub>O (1971)

Abstract Mit Hilfe papierchromatographischer, kinetischer und röntgenographischer Methoden wird gezeigt, daß das Tetramethylammoniumsilicat der Zusammensetzung 1 N(CH 3 ) 4 OH · 1 SiO 2 · ∼8 H 2 O nicht – wie bisher angenommen – ein Poly‐ oder Phyllosilicat, sondern ein Tetra‐anhydrido‐bis‐cyclotetrasilicat (Doppelviererringsilicat) der Formel [(CH 3 ) 4 N] 8 [Si 8 O 20 ] · ∼69 H 2 O ist. Durch Umsatz mit Hexamethyldisiloxan wurde daraus der entsprechende Trimethylsilylester ((CH 3 ) 3 Si) 8 [Si 8 O 20 ] in kristallisierter Form erhalten.
Laguerre-Gaussian beam generated with a multilevel spiral phase plate for high intensity laser pulses (2005)

We developed a multilevel spiral phase plate that generates a Laguerre-Gaussian beam by applying the wave surface of a spiral structure directly to a Gaussian beam for high intensity laser pulses
Synthesis and biological activity of some isoniazid based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (2004)

1,3,4-Oxadiazole and isoniazid moieties are important because of their versatile biological actions. In the present studies, the oxadiazole system has been built with the isoniazid moiety and a few compounds in this series have been synthesised and their antiinflammatory and biological properties studied.
Dynamic mechanical properties of extruded nylon–wood composites (2008)

Abstract Dynamic mechanical properties determine the potential end use of a newly developed extruded nylon–wood composite in under‐the‐hood automobile applications. In this article, the dynamic mechanical properties of extruded nylon–wood composites were characterized using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) to determine storage modulus, glass transition temperature ( T g ), physical aging effects, long‐term performance prediction, and comparisons to similar products. The storage modulus of the nylon–wood composite was found to be more temperature stable than pure nylon 66. The T g range of the nylon–wood composite was found to be between 23 and 56°C, based on the decrease in storage modulus. A master curve was constructed based on the creep curves at various temperatures from 30 to 80°C. The results show that the relationship between shift factors and temperature follows Arrhenius behavior. Nylon–wood composites have good temperature‐dependent properties. Wood fillers reduced the physical aging effects on nylon in the wood composites. The comparison of the nylon–wood composite with other similar products shows that nylon–wood composites are a promising low cost material for industrial applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhancement of Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Combination of Cytokines (1999)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAA) can induce an immunological cellular attack of tumor cells by a process termed antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Cytokines may augment ADCC by direct activation of immune cells or by enhancement of TAA on tumor cells. Thus, we investigated whether ADCC by MAb 17-1A and BR55-2, which recognize TAA on colorectal tumor cells, can be augmented by 3-day incubation with different concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, M-CSF, and TNF-alpha. ADCC was assessed by a new flowcytometric cytotoxicity assay (Flieger et al. Immunol Methods 1995; 180:1-13) using PKH-2 labeled HT29 cells as targets and PKH-26 labeled peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three healthy volunteers as effector cells. We found three reaction patterns with the cytokines tested: (a) cytokines, which increase ADCC (IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma, which represent Thl cytokines); (b) cytokines with no effect (GM-CSF, M-CSF, and TNF-alpha); and (c) cytokines, which decrease ADCC (IL-4 and IL-6, which represent Th2 cytokines). Then, we tested cytokines that increase ADCC in combination with the other cytokines. We found that the combinations IL-2/IFN-alpha, IL-2/IFN-gamma, IL-2/IL-12, and IL-12/IFN-alpha potentiated ADCC. By contrast, IL-4 reduced the IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-alpha-induced ADCC. Since the Thl response, cooperation of monocytes and CD4 cells is involved, we plan to elucidate by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) separation techniques, which cells are involved in cytokine-induced ADCC. Our results may be useful for finding combinations of cytokines and MAb for the locoregional treatment of colorectal cancer.
Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ (2021)

Biofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ-a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.
The Vroman Effect:  A Molecular Level Description of Fibrinogen Displacement (2003)

The molecular level details of the displacement of surface adsorbed fibrinogen from silica substrates were studied by atomic force microscopy, immunochemical assays, fluorescence microscopy, and vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy. The results showed that human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) can be readily displaced from the interface by other plasma proteins near neutral pH because the positively charged alpha C domains on HPF sit between the rest of the macromolecule and the underlying surface. The alpha C domains make weak electrostatic contact with the substrate, which is manifest by a high degree of alignment of Lys and Arg residues. Upon cycling through acidic pH, however, the alpha C domains are irreversibly removed from this position and the rest of the macromolecule is free to engage in stronger hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions with the surface. This results in a 170-fold decrease in the rate at which HPF can be displaced from the interface by other proteins in human plasma.
Microscopic Study of Dopant Distribution in Europium Doped SrGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>: Impact on Thermal Quenching and Phosphor Performance (2017)

White light emitting diodes start to dominate lighting and display applications. However, the properties of the phosphors used in these devices strongly depend on synthesis conditions. A better understanding of how performance-determining mechanisms such as thermal quenching are influenced by synthesis conditions and sample composition is necessary to achieve the required standards in a goal-oriented strategy. In this paper, a microscopic thermal quenching study on green-emitting SrGa2S4:Eu2+ phosphors by means of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis in a scanning electron microscope is used to extend our knowledge beyond averaged information obtained on bulk material. Elemental and cathodoluminescence mapping at different temperatures made it possible to determine thermal quenching profiles for sub-micrometer sized areas. These revealed a broad range of local quenching temperatures for samples with ill-distributed dopant ions. For the associated activation energy an upper limit of 0.61 eV was identified, corresponding to the intrinsic thermal quenching of isolated europium ions. Furthermore, the results confirm a previously suggested thermal quenching model which involves the presence of both isolated and clustered dopant ions.
Effects of ifenprodil glucuronide derivative on platelet aggregation and vasocontraction. (1987)

It has been supposed that ifenprodil glucuronide derivative, detectable in large amount in rabbit plasma, is related to the pharmacological actions by ifenprodil tartrate. However, a synthesized ifenprodil glucuronide derivative was found to have no effect on platelet aggregation and vasocontraction in vitro. These results indicate that ifenprodil itself rather than its glucuronide derivative manifested the pharmacological actions.
Imaging Quasiparticle Interference in Bi <sub>2</sub> Sr <sub>2</sub> CaCu <sub>2</sub> O <sub>8+δ</sub> (2002)

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta reveals weak, incommensurate, spatial modulations in the tunneling conductance. Images of these energy-dependent modulations are Fourier analyzed to yield the dispersion of their wavevectors. Comparison of the dispersions with photoemission spectroscopy data indicates that quasiparticle interference, due to elastic scattering between characteristic regions of momentum-space, provides a consistent explanation for the conductance modulations, without appeal to another order parameter. These results refocus attention on quasiparticle scattering processes as potential explanations for other incommensurate phenomena in the cuprates. The momentum-resolved tunneling spectroscopy demonstrated here also provides a new technique with which to study quasiparticles in correlated materials.
Deep-level centers in undoped p-GaAs layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (2000)

Deep-level centers in GaAs-based p-n junctions, which were fabricated by a liquid phase epitaxy in hydrogen or argon ambients, were investigated. The minority charge carrier lifetime for p-layers grown in hydrogen is an order of magnitude larger than that for p-layers grown in argon. It is demonstrated that disimilar deep-level centers are formed in different gas media. Two types of deep-level centers, which act as hole traps, are found in the samples grown in hydrogen. The Arrhenius dependences for these centers are close to known dependences for HL2 and HL5 centers, suggesting that the centers observed can be identified as HL2 and HL5 centers. One type of deep-level center, which is a hole trap, is found in the samples grown in argon. This center is identified as arsenic in the gallium sublattice.
Prospective study on dialysis patients after total parathyroidectomy without autoimplant (2009)

In the studied series of total parathyroidectomy without autoimplant, adynamic bone disease occurred in three out of seven repeat bone biopsies while improvement occurred in the rest. Bone mineral density was much improved and there was no fracture.
The effects of similarity and repetition of response alternatives on various types of paired associate learning. AMRL-TR-214. (1965)

Abstract : The investigation was an attempt to find learning materials for which the simultaneous presentation technique would be inferior to other techniques. Subjects learned a 40-item list of paired-associates under one of four training conditions. The stimulus terms were the names of electronic circuits, the response terms, schematic diagrams of electronic circuits. Half the items had distractors that were very similar to the correct response term, the remaining half, distractors that were less similar. Half the items in each of these groups had distractors that were the correct response terms for other items in the list. The remaining items had distractors that were unique to a given item. The overall differences between training techniques were not large, but there was some indication that the Five Alternative Prompt condition was inferior to the remaining conditions. Interactions were found between training conditions and item types, but again the differences involved were not large. Separate comparisons on the various item types indicated that in no case was the One Alternative Prompt condition reliably inferior to any of the remaining conditions. (Author)
The constitution of coccerin (1934)

LIEBERMANN [1885] showed that boiing benzene extracted an alcohol-insoluble wax which he called coccerin from the cochineal insect (Coccu8 cacti). By saponification with strong alcoholic potash and separation of the acids as calcium soaps he obtained an alcohol, cocceryl alcohol, which melted at 101-104, and an acid, coccerinic acid, which melted at 92-93o. Two years later Liebermann and Bergami [1887] investigated the structure of these two compounds. Analysis of cocceryl alcohol suggested that it was a C30-alcohol with two oxygen atoms.
Extracellular matrix microenvironment contributes actively to pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

The fibrotic ECM microenvironment is an active contributor to the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis and a promising therapeutic target.
Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and chromosome 1 amplification have poor outcomes despite the use of novel triplet regimens (2014)

The prognostic impact of amplification of chromosome 1(C1A) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (nMM) patients treated with the most commonly used bortezomib-based triplet regimens is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the outcome of novel triplet therapies in a series of unselected patients with C1A detected by FISH. We identified 28 unselected nMM patients with C1A who had a gain of 1q21 locus. Despite 50% of patients being diagnosed at ISS stage 1 or 2 and 93% having no other high-risk molecular findings, the median overall survival of all patients was only 37 months, with 8 deaths (29%) occurring 8-37 months after diagnosis. Those who died had a median of four lines (range was 1-8) of therapy. Moreover, 71% of patients were non-Caucasian. Extra-osseous and CNS involvement occurred in 36 and 11% of patients respectively. Gain of the long arm of chromosome 1 detected by FISH remains a high-risk prognostic marker even in the setting of novel triplet therapies.
Gamma interferon induction in human thymocytes activated by lectins and B cell lines (1982)

Human thymocytes in culture synthesized small quantities of interferon (IFN) when stimulated by the lectins concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. IFN production by lectin-activated thymocytes was enhanced in the presence of live B lymphoblastoid cells, irradiated B lymphoblastoid cells, or the conditioned medium from B lymphoblastoid cell cultures. The IFN synthesized in mixed cultures had characteristics of IFN-gamma, whereas the IFN synthesized by B lymphoblastoid cells alone could be identified as IFN-alpha on the basis of its neutralization with specific antisera and stability at pH 2. These findings indicate that human thymocytes in culture synthesize IFN-gamma and that B lymphoblastoid cells and their products considerably stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis by lectin-activated human thymocytes in culture. This stimulation was not diminished in the presence of antibodies to IFN-alpha, indicating that IFN-alpha production by B lymphoblastoid cells was not responsible for the stimulatory effect. Removal of adherent cells from thymocyte suspensions did not abrogate IFN-gamma production.
Expression of hepatitis B virus core antigen gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: synthesis of two polypeptides translated from different initiation codons (1986)

Two recombinant plasmids were constructed that allow expression of the hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter. One plasmid was designed to produce polypeptide I, which consists of 183 amino acids, and the other plasmid was designed to produce polypeptide II, which has an additional 29-amino-acid sequence at the amino terminus of polypeptide I. The viral genome may code for either one or both of these two polypeptides, depending upon the selection of initiation codons. Both polypeptides produced in yeast cells reacted with anti-HBc antibody and were assembled into spherical particles approximately 27 nm in diameter. Particles made of polypeptide I were stable, whereas those made of polypeptide II readily dissociated when exposed to high salt levels. The antigenicity of the HBc (as defined by its reactivity to anti-HBc antibody in the reversed passive hemagglutination assay) disappeared as the particle dissociated, leaving materials that sedimented slowly and that reacted to anti-hepatitis B e antibody. These observations strongly suggest that native viral cores are mostly (if not all) made of polypeptide I, because it is reasonably stable, and that the N-terminal portion of this polypeptide has some, but not a profound, influence on the assembly of polypeptides into particles.
Axial Plane Optical Microscopy (2014)

We present axial plane optical microscopy (APOM) that can, in contrast to conventional microscopy, directly image a sample's cross-section parallel to the optical axis of an objective lens without scanning. APOM combined with conventional microscopy simultaneously provides two orthogonal images of a 3D sample. More importantly, APOM uses only a single lens near the sample to achieve selective-plane illumination microscopy, as we demonstrated by three-dimensional (3D) imaging of fluorescent pollens and brain slices. This technique allows fast, high-contrast, and convenient 3D imaging of structures that are hundreds of microns beneath the surfaces of large biological tissues.