gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid shunt tubing (2012)

There appears to be some increase in resistance of CSF shunt catheters as they age, altering flow dynamics. In addition, the use of straight connectors within a CSF shunt system increases the resistance to flow of artificial CSF within the shunt system. The increase in resistance appears to be related to the duration of implantation and the length of the catheter and inversely related to the diameter of the catheter. This increase in resistance may be related to sterile shunt malfunction. The addition of straight connectors is associated with a significant increase in resistance in comparison with catheters without connectors (p = 0.005).
Transcriptional and translational mechanisms of cytochrome b5 reductase isoenzyme generation in humans (2001)

Cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) is an essential enzyme that exists in soluble and membrane-bound isoforms, each with specific functions. In the rat, the two forms are generated from alternative transcripts differing in the first exons. In contrast, the biogenesis of b5R isoforms in the human is not yet well understood. In the present study we have detected three novel alternative exons, designated 1S, S′ and 1B, located between the first alternative exon 1M and the common second exon in the human b5R gene. Accordingly, multiple M-type, S-type and SS′-type and B-type transcripts are generated. All types of human b5R transcript are expressed ubiquitously. An analysis of in vitro translation products demonstrated an alternative use of different AUG initiators resulting in the production of various human b5R protein isoforms. Our results indicate that the organization of the 5′ region of the b5R gene is not conserved between rodents and humans. Insertion of Alu elements into the human b5R gene, in particular just upstream of the S/S′ region, could be responsible for dynamic events of gene rearrangement during evolution.
DNA adducts of aristolochic acid II: total synthesis and site-specific mutagenesis studies in mammalian cells (2009)

Aristolochic acids I and II (AA-I, AA-II) are found in all Aristolochia species. Ingestion of these acids either in the form of herbal remedies or as contaminated wheat flour causes a dose-dependent chronic kidney failure characterized by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In approximately 50% of these cases, the condition is accompanied by an upper urinary tract malignancy. The disease is now termed aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). AA-I is largely responsible for the nephrotoxicity while both AA-I and AA-II are genotoxic. DNA adducts derived from AA-I and AA-II have been isolated from renal tissues of patients suffering from AAN. We describe the total synthesis, de novo, of the dA and dG adducts derived from AA-II, their incorporation site-specifically into DNA oligomers and the splicing of these modified oligomers into a plasmid construct followed by transfection into mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Analysis of the plasmid progeny revealed that both adducts blocked replication but were still partly processed by DNA polymerase(s). Although the majority of coding events involved insertion of correct nucleotides, substantial misincorporation of bases also was noted. The dA adduct is significantly more mutagenic than the dG adduct; both adducts give rise, almost exclusively, to misincorporation of dA, which leads to AL-II-dA-->T and AL-II-dG-->T transversions.
MODOMICS: a database of RNA modification pathways—2013 update (2012)

MODOMICS is a database of RNA modifications that provides comprehensive information concerning the chemical structures of modified ribonucleosides, their biosynthetic pathways, RNA-modifying enzymes and location of modified residues in RNA sequences. In the current database version, accessible at http://modomics.genesilico.pl, we included new features: a census of human and yeast snoRNAs involved in RNA-guided RNA modification, a new section covering the 5'-end capping process, and a catalogue of 'building blocks' for chemical synthesis of a large variety of modified nucleosides. The MODOMICS collections of RNA modifications, RNA-modifying enzymes and modified RNAs have been also updated. A number of newly identified modified ribonucleosides and more than one hundred functionally and structurally characterized proteins from various organisms have been added. In the RNA sequences section, snRNAs and snoRNAs with experimentally mapped modified nucleosides have been added and the current collection of rRNA and tRNA sequences has been substantially enlarged. To facilitate literature searches, each record in MODOMICS has been cross-referenced to other databases and to selected key publications. New options for database searching and querying have been implemented, including a BLAST search of protein sequences and a PARALIGN search of the collected nucleic acid sequences.
Bi-directional recurrent neural network with ranking loss for spoken language understanding (2016)

This paper presents our latest investigation of recurrent neural networks for the slot filling task of spoken language understanding. We implement a bi-directional Elman-type recurrent neural network which takes the information not only from the past but also from the future context to predict the semantic label of the target word. Furthermore, we propose to use ranking loss function to train the model. This improves the performance over the cross entropy loss function. On the ATIS benchmark data set, we achieve a new state-of-the-art result of 95.56% F1-score without using any additional knowledge or data sources.
A Time Alignment Method for Multiple Sensing Systems with GNSS Timing and IMUs with Frame-Sync Input (2020)

In this paper, we propose a method to align time stamps for sensed data among multiple data logging devices. In the method, we use the timing signals from the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and inertial measurement units (IMU) that have a frame-synchronous-input. The frame synchronous input is an external input, and its value will be attached to sensed data as the timing label bit. In most of the data logging method, the timestamp is generated and attached to the data by its data logging device. However, the timestamps contain a clock jitter about 100 ppm or more due to the internal clock inferior quality in a low-cost devices. It is difficult to sample data continuously time interval being fixed and to attach timestamps with high reliability. Therefore, we estimate the actual sampling timing of sensed data measured by IMUs using the timing signals from a GNSS module. Our key idea is to utilize the fact that actual sensors' internal oscillator is slightly out of alignment with the precise clock, which can be provided by the navigation satellites. We applied the proposed method to 1 kHz sampling data obtained from a commercially available sensing module of several dollars equipped with a quartz crystal. We have confirmed that the proposed method improves the precision of such sampling timing from around 350 microseconds to 150 microseconds.
Sparse and shift-Invariant representations of music (2005)

Redundancy reduction has been proposed as the main computational process in the primary sensory pathways in the mammalian brain. This idea has led to the development of sparse coding techniques, which are exploited in this article to extract salient structure from musical signals. In particular, we use a sparse coding formulation within a generative model that explicitly enforces shift-invariance. Previous work has applied these methods to relatively small problem sizes. In this paper, we present a subset selection step to reduce the computational complexity of these methods, which then enables us to use the sparse coding approach for many real world applications. We demonstrate the algorithm's potential on two tasks in music analysis: the extraction of individual notes from polyphonic piano music and single-channel blind source separation.
Strain-Induced Pseudoheterostructure Nanowires Confining Carriers at Room Temperature with Nanoscale-Tunable Band Profiles (2013)

Semiconductor heterostructures play a vital role in photonics and electronics. They are typically realized by growing layers of different materials, complicating fabrication and limiting the number of unique heterojunctions on a wafer. In this Letter, we present single-material nanowires which behave exactly like traditional heterostructures. These pseudoheterostructures have electronic band profiles that are custom-designed at the nanoscale by strain engineering. Since the band profile depends only on the nanowire geometry with this approach, arbitrary band profiles can be individually tailored at the nanoscale using existing nanolithography. We report the first experimental observations of spatially confined, greatly enhanced (>200×), and wavelength-shifted (>500 nm) emission from strain-induced potential wells that facilitate effective carrier collection at room temperature. This work represents a fundamentally new paradigm for creating nanoscale devices with full heterostructure behavior in photonics and electronics.
Production of active, insect‐specific scorpion neurotoxin in yeast (1994)

A cDNA encoding the Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin 1 (AaH IT1) was expressed in yeast leading to secretion of fully biologically active protein. Three different multicopy plasmids were constructed using PCR. Expression was directed by the strong PGK1 promoter of the yeast vector pMA 91. Plasmid pMA 91-AaH IT1 encodes AaH IT1 and its own signal peptide. In the two other constructions, the cDNA encoding the mature part of AaH IT1 is fused to the prepro-signal sequence of the yeast alpha-mating-factor precursor; the pBAL 7-alpha-KREAEA-AaH IT1 includes the cDNA sequence encoding the KR(EAEA) processing sequence of the alpha-mating factor, and pBAL 7-alpha-KR-AaH IT1 encodes the KR fused directly to the AaH IT1 gene. The yeast alpha-mating-factor signal peptide launched the pro-alpha-mating-factor-AaH IT1 fusion protein into the secretory pathway. The fusion proteins are expected to be cleaved in the Golgi by the KEX2 endopeptidase and the STE13 dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, leading to release of mature AaH IT1. Pulse/chase labelling of transformed yeast protoplasts, followed by SDS/PAGE analysis of proteins immunoprecipitated from either the lysate or the extracellular fluid, showed that AaH IT1 was produced. The highest concentration of recombinant AaH IT1 in the culture medium, as determined using a 125I-AaH IT1 specific radioimmunoassay, was 4 micrograms/l (0.5 nM). The recombinant toxin was fully biologically active against cockroaches as assessed by injection and comparison to native AaH IT1. Moreover, it competed with radiolabelled native toxin for its receptor on the voltage-sensitive Na+ channel with a dissociation constant of 0.5 nM.
Arylcycloalkylamines. III. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-cyclopropylamine<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArylcycloalkylamines. III. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-cyclopropylamine1Alfred Burger and Gilmer T. FitchettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 13, 3415–3416Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01133a505https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01133a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED PAVEMENT EVALUATION (1991)

A potential automated pavement evaluation system to address multisensor applications; integrate different types of sensors, techniques, and information; and offer more sophisticated and intelligent processing capabilities for improved pavement management is described. The separate components of this system either now exist in prototype form or are under development. Such a system could automate in real time much of the pavement data acquisition, interpretation, and evaluation process, and capture the experience and judgment of expert pavement engineers in performing condition assessments and identification of appropriate rehabilitation and maintenance strategies. This research is directed toward an innovative, noncontact, intelligent nondestructive evaluation (INDE) system, using a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach that would integrate three AI technologies: computer vision, neural networks, and knowledge-based expert systems, in addition to conventional algorithmic and modeling techniques. The focus of the current, initial research is development of an advanced sensor processing capability using neural network technology to determine the type, severity, and extent of distresses from digitized video image representations of the pavement surface acquired in real time. The properties of neural networks provide potential solutions to the inherently difficult nature of sensor integration and output interpretation in automated pavement evaluation. The background and conceptual development of an INDE system for automated pavement evaluation, and initial research results that demonstrate the feasibility of a neural network approach in a case study application using a multilayer perception and a backpropagation learning rule, are described.
Mulberry-extract improves glucose tolerance and decreases insulin concentrations in normoglycaemic adults: Results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study (2017)

Mulberry leaf extract significantly reduces total blood glucose rise after ingestion of maltodextrin over 120 minutes. The pattern of effect demonstrates a classical dose response curve with significant effects over placebo. Importantly, total insulin rises were also significantly suppressed over the same time-period. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the treatment groups (including placebo) in the odds of experiencing one or more gastrointestinal symptoms. Mulberry extract may have multiple modes of action and further studies are necessary to evaluate ME as a potential target for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the regulation of dysglycaemia.
A novel 3D hepatectomy simulation based on liver circulation (2005)

Hepatectomy is a complicated operative procedure because of its anatomical complexity, vascular variability, and impaired hepatic function due to associated hepatitis or cirrhosis. Thus preoperative detailed topography and precise liver resection volume measurements should be obtained for a curative hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a novel three-dimensional (3D) virtual hepatectomy simulation software in patients who underwent liver resection or living donor liver transplantation. We developed the hepatectomy simulation software, which was programmed to analyze detailed 3D vascular structure and to predict liver resection volume and margins. In 72 patients receiving hepatectomy, the predicted liver resection volumes and margins revealed a significant correlation with the actual value with a mean difference of 9.3 mL (P < .0001) and 1.6 mm (P < .01), respectively. The drainage area by hepatic veins was quantified to achieve reconstruction of the corresponding venous branch. In conclusion, this hepatectomy simulation software reliably predicted an accurate liver resection volume, the cancer-free margin, and the drainage volume of hepatic vein branches. This software may promote curative hepatectomy and may be used for other interventional therapies in the treatment of liver disease.
Analog performance of 1310-nm gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifiers (2002)

We report on the analog performance of gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifiers (GC-SOAs) with a full 50-550 MHz 77-channel NTSC loading. The optical gain of such an amplifier is linear i.e., independent of input power, when operated under gain-clamped conditions. The amplifier has distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) at each end, which cause wavelength-selective feedback and hence, laser action at the DBR wavelength. This fixes the carrier concentration, effectively damping the optical gain of the device. The laser light serves as a reservoir of optical power and determines the maximum input power for which the device operates under linear conditions. Once the input level exceeds this limit the gain will no longer be clamped, and the device will exhibit the nonlinearities as observed for conventional SOAs. The gain-clamped amplifier developed for this study has a fiber-to-fiber gain of 21 dB at 1310 nm, and operates at input powers up to -12 dBm.
Host-Derived CD70 Suppresses Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease by Limiting Donor T Cell Expansion and Effector Function (2017)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may develop when donor-derived T cells recognize and damage genetically distinct normal host tissues. In addition to TCR signaling, costimulatory pathways are involved in T cell activation. CD27 is a TNFR family member expressed on T cells, and its ligand, CD70, is expressed on APCs. The CD27/CD70 costimulatory pathway was shown to be critical for T cell function and survival in viral infection models. However, the role of this pathway in allo-HCT is previously unknown. In this study, we have examined its contribution in GVHD pathogenesis. Surprisingly, Ab blockade of CD70 after allo-HCT significantly increases GVHD. Interestingly, whereas donor T cell- or bone marrow-derived CD70 plays no role in GVHD, host-derived CD70 inhibits GVHD as CD70<sup>-/-</sup> hosts show significantly increased GVHD. This is evidenced by reduced survival, more severe weight loss, and increased histopathologic damage compared with wild-type hosts. In addition, CD70<sup>-/-</sup> hosts have higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17. Moreover, accumulation of donor CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells is increased in CD70<sup>-/-</sup> versus wild-type hosts. Mechanistic analyses suggest that CD70 expressed by host hematopoietic cells is involved in the control of alloreactive T cell apoptosis and expansion. Together, our findings demonstrate that host CD70 serves as a unique negative regulator of allogeneic T cell response by contributing to donor T cell apoptosis and inhibiting expansion of donor effector T cells.
Use of Pooled Fecal Culture for Sensitive and Economic Detection of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>Infection in Flocks of Sheep (2000)

Ovine Johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, occurs in many countries. In Australia, surveillance using serology is used as part of a control program, but the testing regime is costly relative to its sensitivity. For this reason, culturing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal samples pooled from a number of sheep was evaluated. Initially, the effect of pooling on the sensitivity of fecal culture was evaluated using samples from 20 sheep with multibacillary paratuberculosis and 20 sheep with paucibacillary paratuberculosis, each confirmed histologically. All multibacillary cases and 50% of paucibacillary cases were detected by culturing of feces at a pooling rate of 1 infected plus 49 uninfected sheep. In a pilot-scale study in 1997, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected by pooled fecal culture on 93% of 27 infected farms which were identified originally based on history, clinical signs, and one or more rounds of testing using serologic and histopathologic examinations. Pooled fecal culture was compared with serologic examination for submissions from 335 farms where both tests had been conducted on the same sheep and was significantly more sensitive (P<0.001). Computer simulation of random sampling indicated that the testing of 6 pools of 50 sheep would provide 95% confidence in detecting > or =2% prevalence of infection. The estimated laboratory cost of pooled fecal culture when applied as a flock test is approximately 30% that of serologic examination, and sample collection costs are lower. It is recommended that pooled fecal culture replace serologic examination for detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection at the flock level.
Review of commercial spacecraft anomalies and single-event-effect occurrences (1996)

Single-event effects (SEEs) have been observed in space since 1975. This paper is a short inventory of the single-event anomalies encountered in flight on operational satellites. Initially, a brief outline of the events and their origins is traced, and the various parameters involved in the analysis of the anomalies are described. Finally, various SEE anomalies are presented.
Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of discrete processes (1981)

Here the results of other work on quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of Turing machines are extended to include any discrete process T on a countably infinite set A. The models are constructed here by use of scattering phase shifts from successive scatterers to turn on successive step interactions. Also a locality requirement is imposed. The construction is done by first associating with each process T a model quantum system M with associated Hilbert space ℋM and step operator UT. Since UT is not unitary in general, M, ℋM, and UT are extended into a (continuous time) Hamiltonian model on a larger space which satisfies the locality requirement. The construction is compared with the minimal unitary dilation of UT. It is seen that the model constructed here is larger than the minimal one. However, the minimal one does not satisfy the locality requirement.
Classification of atrial fibrillation episodes using short ECG segments (2014)

This paper presents a method to classify different subtypes of atrial fibrillation episodes by analyzing short segments of electrocardiograms. We will process surface ECGs segments by time-frequency transforms to extract relevant features that will be used as input to a neural network classifier. As atrial fibrillation presents a progressive nature, this method can be a very useful tool in order to differentiate the progress of the arrythmia in each patient.
Combined device and system simulation for automotive application using SABER (2002)

For Automotive applications, device optimization requires both system and device level simulation in order to properly predict its performance and thermal response, especially in the case of adverse dynamic conditions. In this paper, the SABER model of IR’s power MOSFET IRFP2907 is validated in a half-bridge circuit using a low frequency two-pulse test. This model is then applied to simulate the performance of an inverter system. Simulation results accurately match the measurement. This work can be extended to evaluate power MOSFETs in other automotive applications such as ISA, EPAS and DC/DC conversion as well as IGBT and anti-parallel diodes in inverter switching applications.