gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Maintaining the Alar-Facial Sulcus in Nasal Reconstruction (1995)

The alar-facial sulcus is an important topographical region because it represents a junctional zone of three cosmetic units: the nasal base, the medial aspect of the cheek, and the upper lip. Too often, the sulcus is violated by transposition flaps that have been harvested from the cheek to reconstruct defects of the nasal-alar lobule. When the sulcus is violated by surgery, it is difficult to restore a completely natural appearance. For this reason, we suggest an alternative method of reconstructing the alar lobule through the use of an interpolated flap. When defects extend into the alar-facial sulcus, reconstruction of the sulcus is necessary and should be accomplished with a separate skin flap from that used to repair the nasal component of the defect. When a single flap is used to reconstruct both lobule and sulcus, restoration of a completely natural-appearing sulcus is rarely achieved and usually involves multiple surgical procedures often facilitated by aggressive flap contouring, secondary intention healing, and Z-plasty. We describe our methodology in restoring the alar-facial sulcus after nasal reconstruction.
Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications (2007)

Deposit Control Additives: Oxidation Inhibitors Antioxidants, J. Dong and C.A. Migdal Zinc Dithiophosphates, R.A. McDonald Ashless Phosphorus-Containing Lubricating Oil Additives, W.D. Phillips Detergents, S.Q. A. Rizvi Dispersants, S.Q. A. Rizvi Film-Forming Additives Selection and Application of Solid Lubricants as Friction Modifiers, G. Mariani Organic Friction Modifiers, D. Kenbeck and T.F. Bunemann Antiwear Additives and Extreme-Pressure Additives Ashless Antiwear and Extreme-Pressure Additives, L.O. Farng Sulfur Carriers, T. Rossrucker and A. Fessenbecker Viscosity Control Additives: Viscosity Modifiers Olefin Copolymer Viscosity Modifiers, M.J. Covitch Polymethacrylate Viscosity Modifi ers and Pour Point Depressants, B.G. Kinker Pour Point Depressants, J. Souchik Miscellaneous Additives Tackifiers and Antimisting Additives, V.J. Levin, R.J. Stepan, and A.I. Leonov Seal Swell Additives, R.E. Zielinski and C.M. A. Chilson Antimicrobial Additives for Metalworking Lubricants, W.R. Schwingel and A.C. Eachus Surfactants in Lubrication, G. Biresaw Corrosion Inhibitors and Rust Preventatives, M.T. Costello Additives for Bioderived and Biodegradable Lubricants, M. Miller Applications Additives for Crankcase Lubricant Applications, E.A. Bardasz and G.D. Lamb Additives for Industrial Lubricant Applications, L.R. Rudnick Formulation Components for Incidental Food-Contact Lubricants, S. Lawate Lubricants for the Disk Drive Industry, T.E. Karis Additives for Grease Applications, R. Silverstein and L.R. Rudnick Trends Long-Term Trends in Industrial Lubricant Additives, F.L. Lee and J.W. Harris Long-Term Additive Trends in Aerospace Applications, C.E. Snyder, L.J. Gschwender, and S.K. Sharma Eco Requirements for Lubricant Additives, T. Habereder, D. Moore, and M. Lang Methods and Resources Testing Methods for Additive Lubricant Performance, L.R. Rudnick Lubricant Industry-Related Terms and Acronyms, L.R. Rudnick Internet Resources for Additive/Lubricant Industry, L.R. Rudnick Index
Development of a Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®) (2003)

Balloon-expandable coronary stents may be made of stainless steel conforming to ASTM or ISO specifications, referred to by ASTM as UNS S31673 alloys. A need exists for an alloy with enhanced radiopacity to make stents more visible radiographically and more effective clinically. A research program was initiated with the objectives of enhancing fluoroscopic radiopacity while maintaining adherence to the ASTM and ISO specifications. These objectives were ultimately achieved by adding a noble metal, platinum, to UNS S31673 by vacuum induction melting a commercially-available alloy. Freedom of the resulting microstructure from formation of harmful topologically close packed phases was ensured by use of phase computation methodology (New PHACOMP), and confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Platinum was chosen since it is over twice as dense as nickel and, with approximately half its effect as an austenitizer, allows nickel content to be reduced to a minimum level.
How to efficiently build VHDL testbenches (1995)

The paper describes a reuse methodology, which eases the creation of testbenches. In our approach, beside providing a library of precompiled basic functions and entities, the designer receives descriptions of complete test concepts (e.g, macro-oriented stimulation or comparison of two simulations), including a source code example, called template, and a guide for the adaption of the template to her/his application. Furthermore, an overall guide for the whole validation phase is provided. The paper describes the typical structure of a testbench, presents the implementations of major objects, and demonstrates the method of user guidance. Further, the global test concept for reuse components is demonstrated.
Primary structure of corticotropin-releasing factor from ovine hypothalamus. (1981)

Sequence analysis was performed of an ovine hypothalamic 41-residue polypeptide that had been postulated to be a putative corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) because of its high intrinsic corticotropin releasing activity. The NH2-terminal 39 residues of CRF were determined by Edman degradation of 0.6-3.5 nmol of peptide in a Wittmann-Liebold modified Beckman 890C spinning cup sequencer with reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography for the identification of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins (direct micro-sequence analysis). Evidence for residue 40 (isoleucine) was provided by direct micro-sequence analysis of 2.0 nmol of acetylated CRF selectively cleaved at its arginine residues by trypsin prior to analysis. The thermolytic COOH-terminal fragment isoleucyl-alanineamide was characterized as its dansyl derivative. Based on the analytical data, the following primary structure is proposed for ovine hypothalamic CRF: H-Ser-Gln-Glu-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Met-Thr-Lys-Ala-Asp-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Gln-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Asp -Ile-Ala-NH2. In agreement with this proposal, the synthetic replicate of CRF is highly potent in stimulating secretion of both corticotropin and beta-endorphin-like immunoactivities.
Colour memory for various sky, skin, and plant colours: Effect of the image context (2001)

Abstract In memory‐matching techniques, the remembered colour might differ from the original colour even if the viewing situation is the same. Our aim was to point out whether these so‐called memory shifts are significant in the everyday situations of viewing photos depicting sky, skin, or plant, or viewing standalone uniform colour patches of sky, skin, or plant colours. In many cases, significant memory shifts have been found. Considering only one type of object (sky or skin or plant), memory shifts turned out to be systematic in the sense that they were directed toward specific intervals of hue, chroma, and lightness. This tendency was more explicit for photos than for standalone colour patches. A method to quantify prototypical colours and their tolerance bounds was suggested. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 278–289, 2001
Computational fluid dynamics models and congenital heart diseases (2013)

Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to investigate hemodynamics of the circulatory system. With improving imaging techniques and detailed clinical investigations, it is now possible to construct patient-specific models of reconstructive surgeries for the treatment of congenital heart diseases. These models can help clinicians to better understand the hemodynamic behavior of different surgical options for a treated patient. This review outlines recent advances in mathematical modeling in congenital heart diseases, the discoveries and limitations these models present, and future directions that are on the horizon.
<title>Thermo-optic switch and wavelength tunable filter using polymer waveguides</title> (2001)

We have developed a 2 by 2 digital optical switch (DOS) composed of four 1 by 2 DOS elements and a thermo-optic wavelength tunable filter using silicone resin waveguides. The 2 by 2 DOS operated with a switching power of 380 mW, a very low crosstalk of less than -60 dB, and a low insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB at 1.55 micrometers . The tunable filter operated with a maximum power of 2.5 W, a tuning range of > 30 nm, a crosstalk of < -30 dB, and response time of < 60 ms. We also applied our polymer tunable filter to a WDM/SCM LAN system to confirm its practicality.
Verres à base de fluorure d'indium (1983)

De nouveaux verres fluores ont ete mis en evidence dans le systeme ternaire BaF 2 -YF 3 -InF 3 . Le domaine vitreux a ete determine dans les conditions de preparation. Les temperatures de transition vitreuse et de recristallisation de divers echantillons ont ete precisees. La transmission optique des materiaux a ete etudiee et comparee a celle d'autres verres halogenes
From Fluid Relaxations to Practical Algorithms for High-Multiplicity Job-Shop Scheduling: The Holding Cost Objective (2003)

We design an algorithm for the high-multiplicity job-shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the total holding cost by appropriately rounding an optimal solution to a fluid relaxation in which we replace discrete jobs with the flow of a continuous fluid. The algorithm solves the fluid relaxation optimally and then aims to keep the schedule in the discrete network close to the schedule given by the fluid relaxation. If the number of jobs from each type grow linearly with N, then the algorithm is within an additive factor O(N) from the optimal (which scales as O(N 2 )); thus, it is asymptotically optimal. We report computational results on benchmark instances chosen from the OR library comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm and several commonly used heuristic methods. These results suggest that for problems of moderate to high multiplicity, the proposed algorithm outperforms these methods, and for very high multiplicity the overperformance is dramatic. For problems of low to moderate multiplicity, however, the relative errors of the heuristic methods are comparable to those of the proposed algorithm, and the best of these methods performs better overall than the proposed method.
Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing (1999)

BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions [BGP-MP] defines the format of two BGP attributes (MP_REACH_NLRI and MP_UNREACH_NLRI) that can be used to announce and withdraw the announcement of reachability information.This document defines how compliant systems should make use of those attributes for the purpose of conveying IPv6 routing information.
Cooling load design tool for UFAD systems. (2010)

This paper presents a new spreadsheet-based cooling load design tool for underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems developed by the Center for the Built Environment at University of California, Berkeley. After briefly reviewing previous UFAD design tools, the main characteristics of the tool are described: transformation of the zone design cooling load calculated for a standard overhead (OH) mixing system into the design cooling load for a stratified UFAD system, splits of the total UFAD cooling load into three fractions, supply plenum (SPF), zone, or room, (ZF), and return plenum (RPF); prediction of the thermal comfort in a vertically stratified environment, air temperature profiles and setpoint temperature at the thermostat; modeling of air diffusers; prediction of the design airflow rate; and modelling of commonly used plenum configurations. A practical example is reported at the end of the paper. The design tool and detailed user notes are available at: .
Enflurane Improves the Oxygen Supply/Demand Balance in the Acutely Ischemic Canine Myocardium (1983)

SMITH, G.; EVANS, D. H.; ASHER, M. J.; BENTLEY, S.; Vitez, Terry S. M.D. Author Information
Laboratory handling and histology reporting of breast specimens from patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2006)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly being offered to patients with invasive breast carcinoma but surgical excision specimens following such therapy may be difficult to interpret in the pathology laboratory, both macroscopically and histologically. We provide here some guidelines for handling such postneoadjuvant chemotherapy samples and describe the histopathological features which may be encountered in both the breast and lymph nodes received. We also present a brief review of the literature and suggest a simple method for quantifying the degree of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both the primary breast carcinoma and the lymph nodes.
A Unified Statistical Model for Inter-Die and Intra-Die Process Variation (2005)

An efficient characterization technique with the spatial correlation matrix from electrical device parameters such as threshold voltage and saturation current accounting for inter- and intra-die variations is demonstrated. Then, a unified statistical model based on the correlation matrix is developed and implemented to the SPICE simulator to predict the distribution of circuit performance. In order to verify our model, test chips which consist of transistors and ring oscillators were fabricated using a 130nm CMOS technology. Simulated delay/skew variations of ring oscillators agree well with the measurement of test chips, maintaining a reasonable accuracy of 85 %. Especially, we show that as the distance of the two ring oscillators becomes larger, the timing skew between them becomes bigger. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis for the performance of simple analog and digital circuit, is performed in terms of inter-and intra-die variation.
The three-level ZVS PWM converter-a new concept in high voltage DC-to-DC conversion (2003)

A novel high-frequency DC-to-DC power converter for high-voltage and high power is introduced, which features zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation at constant frequency, regulation by pulse width modulation (PWM) and low RMS current stress upon power switches. Its greatest attribute, in comparison to the ZVS-PWM full bridge converter, is that the voltage across the switches is half the input voltage. This property is achieved due to the use of a three-level leg in place of the conventional two-switch leg. Operation, analysis, design procedure and example, and simulation are presented. A prototype operating at 100 kHz, rated at 600 V input voltage, and 1.5 kW output power and 25 A output current, has been fabricated and successfully tested in the laboratory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary optics for neutron capture therapy (1996)

The development of capillary neutron optics permits a new technology for neutron capture therapy involving the application of a focused thermal neutron beam at the medically optimal location within the patient. A subthermal neutron beam begins to converge as it travels through a neutron "lens," reaching a narrow focus within a tube that allows it to pass directly to the treatment region. This technique results in a substantially lower dose to untreated parts of the patient and a substantially weaker radiation field in the treatment room generally. Additional advantages include the relative ease of thermal neutron generation and the ability to shield the patient completely and effectively from fast neutrons or gamma rays originating at the neutron source. This work describes the application of capillary optics to neutron capture therapy, along with Monte Carlo calculations of the neutron flux profiles within a patient for an optimized system design. Specific dose profiles for the case of boron neutron capture therapy within the brain are also provided.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2, the second AIDS-associated human retrovirus, differs from HIV-1 in its natural history, infectivity, and pathogenicity, as well as in details of its genomic structure and molecular behavior. We report here that HIV-2 inhibits the replication of HIV-1 at the molecular level. This inhibition was selective, dose-dependent, and nonreciprocal. The closely related simian immunodeficiency provirus also inhibited HIV-1. The selectivity of inhibition was shown by the observation that HIV-2 did not significantly downmodulate the expression of the unrelated murine leukemia virus; neither did the murine leukemia virus markedly affect HIV-1 or HIV-2 expression. Moreover, while HIV-2 potently inhibited HIV-1, the reverse did not happen, thus identifying yet another and remarkable difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2. Mutational analysis of the HIV-2 genome suggested that the inhibition follows a complex pathway, possibly involving multiple genes and redundant mechanisms. Introduction of inactivating mutations into the structural and regulatory/accessory genes did not render the HIV-2 provirus ineffective. Some of the HIV-2 gene defects, such as that of tat and rev genes, were phenotypically transcomplemented by HIV-1. The HIV-2 proviruses with deletions in the putative packaging signal and defective for virus replication were effective in inducing the suppressive phenotype. Though the exact mechanism remains to be defined, the inhibition appeared to be mainly due to an intracellular molecular event because it could not be explained solely on the basis of cell surface receptor mediated interference. The results support the notion that the inhibition likely occurred at the level of viral RNA, possibly involving competition between viral RNAs for some transcriptional factor essential for virus replication. Induction of a cytokine is another possibility. These findings might be relevant to the clinical-epidemiological data suggesting that infection with HIV-2 may offer some protection against HIV-1 infection.
Interpreting methane variations in the past two decades using measurements of CH <sub>4</sub> mixing ratio and isotopic composition (2011)

Abstract. The availability δ13C-CH4 measurements from atmospheric samples has significantly improved in recent years, which allows the construction of time series spanning up to about 2 decades. We have used these measurements to investigate the cause of the methane growth rate decline since 1980, with a special focus on the period 1998–2006 when the methane growth came to a halt. The constraints provided by the CH4 and δ13C-CH4 measurements are used to construct hypothetic source and sink scenarios, which are translated into corresponding atmospheric concentrations using the atmospheric transport model TM3 for evaluation against the measurements. The base scenario, composed of anthropogenic emissions according to Edgar 4, constant emissions from natural sources, and a constant atmospheric lifetime, overestimates the observed global growth rates of CH4 and δ13C-CH4 by, respectively, 10 ppb yr−1 and 0.02‰ yr−1 after the year 2000. It proves difficult to repair this inconsistency by modifying trends in emissions only, notably because a temporary reduction of isotopically light sources, such as natural wetlands, leads to a further increase of δ13C-CH4. Furthermore, our results are difficult to reconcile with the estimated increase of 5 Tg CH4 yr−1 in emissions from fossil fuel use in the period 2000–2005. On the other hand, we find that a moderate (less than 5% per decade) increase in the global OH concentration can bring the model in agreement with the measurements for plausible emission scenarios. This study demonstrates the value of global monitoring of methane isotopes, and calls for further investigation into the role OH and anthropogenic emissions to further improve our understanding of methane variations in recent years.
Integration of <i>Bombyx mori</i> R2 Sequences into the 28S Ribosomal RNA Genes of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2000)

R2 non-long-terminal-repeat retrotransposable elements integrate into a precise location in the 28S rRNA genes of arthropods. The purified protein encoded by R2 can cleave the 28S gene target site and use the 3' hydroxyl group generated by this cleavage to prime reverse transcription of its own RNA, a process called target-primed reverse transcription. An integration system is described here in which components from the R2 element of the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, are injected into the preblastoderm embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. Silkmoth R2 sequences were readily detected in the 28S rRNA genes of the surviving adults as well as in the genes of their progeny. The 3' junctions of these insertions were similar to those seen in our in vitro assays, as well as those from endogenous R2 retrotransposition events. The 5' junctions of the insertions originally contained major deletions of both R2 and 28S gene sequences, a problem overcome by the inclusion of upstream 28S gene sequences at the 5' end of the injected RNA. The resulting 5' junctions suggested a recombination event between the cDNA and the upstream target sequences. This in vivo integration system should help determine the mechanism of R2 retrotransposition and be useful as a delivery system to integrate defined DNA sequences into the rRNA genes of organisms.
Fibrin Binding of Plasminogen Coated Liposomes In Vitro (1996)

In this study, the fibrin binding properties of liposomes containing a number of plasminogen (Plg) molecules on the outside were compared to those of free (non-liposomal) Plg in an in vitro model system. Fibrin monolayer coated 96-wells plates were used, containing fibrin monomer at a density of around 3.4 to 3.9 x 10(-4) nmol/cm2. These densities are similar to liposomal Plg-densities, thus allowing multivalent interactions to occur. In the panel of experimental conditions that was chosen, binding of free Plg and liposomes with Plg showed three main differences in characteristics. Firstly, in the fibrin binding of Plg-liposomes not all Plg may be involved, but on the average 40% of the total amount of liposomal Plg. This was shown by lysing the liposomes after binding to the fibrin and estimation of truly bound Plg. With Plg-densities on the liposomes below the fibrin binding sites density, the maximal number of bound Plg molecules remains below the amount of available fibrin binding sites. Secondly, a higher binding rate by at least one order of magnitude was observed for liposomes with Plg compared to free Plg. Thirdly, liposomes with Plg exhibit a fibrin binding affinity which increases with Plg-density, because of the multivalent character of interaction. Liposomal Plg can successfully compete for fibrin binding sites with a 100 fold higher concentration of free Plg. These in vitro findings indicate that in view of avid and rapid fibrin binding, liposomes with attached plasminogen may be suitable for in vivo targeting to fibrin based thrombi.