gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Status of behavioral and physiological 'resistance'. (1958)

T HE study of acquired humoral resistance to infectious agents has received just attention in the past 50 years.The antigen-antibody concept has dominated a considerable portion of our thoughts and experiments on resistance of animals and has reached a high state of mutation in the field of immunochemistry.We have tended to neglect detailed analyses of many phenomena of host-parasite incompatibility which have their origins in certain other qualities of hosts and parasites.Dubos (1954) has pointed out that present-day literature usually describes disease as a conflict, one party being an "invader" and the other using "defense mechanisms."We are accustomed to thinking in terms of the resistance or susceptibility of the host to the parasite.However, the host and the parasite may be regarded as an entity, and we may think in terms of those factors which act to prevent the establishment of this entity.In these telms, resistance and susceptibility will obviously involve attributes of the parasite or the host, or, as is more often the case, both, and would embrace that perennially favored subject for speculation, host specificity.Schneider (1951) argued cogently that we should distinguish sharply between resistance and susceptibility.These terms were operationally defined from experience with nutritional factors: those factors in the nutrition which when withheld from the host decrease the extent or effect of an infection and when supplied increase the effect were termed "susceptibility factors."Those nutritional factors which when withheld increase the extent of infection, and when supplied decrease the effect, were termed '5-esistance factors."I agree with Schneider's suggestion that we are dealing with separable phenomena and his choice of tenns seems reasonable.However, the definitions, as presented by Schneider, are useful only in considering the relation of nutrition to disease.It seems to me that we may conveniently deal with resistance and susceptibility as separate concepts in more general terms.What we are trnly dealing with in
Leisten fachspezifische Studierfähigkeitstests im deutschsprachigen Raum eine valide Studienerfolgsprognose? (2019)

Zusammenfassung. Fachspezifische Studierfähigkeitstests werden in mehreren zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen als Auswahlinstrument eingesetzt. Eine Metaanalyse von Hell, Trapmann und Schuler (2007) ermittelte eine hohe prognostische Validität solcher Tests. Seitdem hat es allerdings umfassende Veränderungen des Bildungssystems (z. B. Bologna-Prozess, Änderungen der Schulsysteme) sowie eine stete Weiterentwicklung der Testverfahren gegeben. Zur Klärung der Frage, ob fachspezifische Studierfähigkeitstests nach wie vor eine gute Erfolgsprognose liefern, schreibt die vorliegende Arbeit die Metaanalyse von Hell et al. (2007) fort. Die prognostische Validität im deutschsprachigen Raum ist stabil geblieben (ρ = .427, K = 54 Stichproben, N = 8410 Personen). Es fanden sich höhere Validitäten bei neueren Studien, Zeitschriftenartikeln mit Peer-Review, universitären Stichproben sowie bei kürzerem Abstand zwischen Test und Studiennotenerfassung. Zudem zeigten sich Fachunterschiede bezüglich der prognostischen Validität beispielsweise zugunsten von Sozialwissenschaften (ρ = .510). Die Studierfähigkeitstests besitzen außerdem eine inkrementelle Validität über die Abiturnote hinaus (Δ R² = .081, k = 31, n = 3999). Die Befunde sprechen dafür, dass die Testverfahren einen hilfreichen Beitrag zur erfolgreichen Studierendenauswahl liefern (als Alternative oder Ergänzung zur Abiturnote).
Septic Shock Due to <i>Helicobacter fennelliae</i> in a Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Heterosexual Patient (1999)

Helicobacter fennelliae (formerly Campylobacter fennelliae) has been reported to cause bacteremia in homosexual men with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report here a 48-year-old, non-HIV-infected, heterosexual man with diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis of the liver who developed bacteremia and septic shock due to H. fennelliae. The patient was treated successfully initially with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and ceftazidime, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam only. These agents were active in vitro against the isolate by E-test results. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of septic shock due to H. fennelliae in a non-HIV-infected, heterosexual, immunocompromised patient.
Subspace model identification (2007)

exploit the special structure of the data equation for impulse input signals to identify a state-space model via subspace methods
Organophosphorous Insecticides, Dimethyl 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Phosphate (DDVP), Organic Phosphorus Compound Highly Toxic to Insects (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganophosphorous Insecticides, Dimethyl 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Phosphate (DDVP), Organic Phosphorus Compound Highly Toxic to InsectsA. M. Mattson, J. T. Spillane, and G. W. PearceCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1955, 3, 4, 319–321Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60050a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60050a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
INTELLIGENT GELS (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTINTELLIGENT GELSUsing solvent-swollen polymer networks that respond to stimuli, scientists are beginning to develop a soft, wet, organic technologyRON DAGANIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 23, 26–37Publication Date (Print):June 9, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 9 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n023.p026https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n023.p026newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Gels Get e-Alerts
The Analysis Of Nonstationary Doppler Spectrum Using A Modified Wigner Distribution (2005)

The application of a modified Wigner Distribution(WD) to Doppler ultrasound is studied. The modified WD is a nonstationary spectral estimator that does not have the cross-terms effect of the original WD. The new technique gives much better resolution and much smaller speckle size than the short-time Fourier transform method. It may provide information to the study of minor occlusion, disturbed flow and blood aggregation.
Reactivity properties of derivatives of 2‐imidazoline: an ab initio DFT study (2001)

Abstract The structural and electronic properties of a series of imidazoline (I) derivatives R1‐I‐R2 have been studied by means of density functional theory. The chosen compounds have different chain lengths (R1) and pendant (R2) groups, where R1=CH 3 , (CH 2 ) n CH 3 ( n =2,4,…,16) and R2=H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 , C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 5 NH 2 , C 2 H 5 SH, C 2 H 5 COOH, and C 2 H 5 Cl. All‐electron calculations were carried out by means of the Gaussian‐98 program. Natural and Mulliken population analysis were determined for each of the neutral and charged molecules. The reactivity was analyzed in terms of the Fukui indices. The results indicate a high reactivity for both the tertiary (showing the biggest) and the iminic nitrogen atoms of the imidazoline ring. Although the N site of the pending groups has a much lower reactivity, this is significantly increased when a sulfur atom replaces it. In general, the reactivity of the N atoms of the ring depends significantly on the substituents. As expected, the frontier molecular orbitals, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), also describe the reactivity behavior. As the size of the R1 chain increases, the two N atoms of the ring increase their nucleophilic character, since the HOMOs become more highly located. The obtained results help to explain the observed increased activity of these derivatives when they are used as inhibitors of corrosion moieties on metallic surfaces. Finally, the solvent effects on the ground‐state geometry were studied for one of the most promising reactive imidazolines; for which its interaction with an iron oxide surface was also addressed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Specific expression of the annexin VIII gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (1992)

Since the translocation breakpoint t(15;17) (q22;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) occurs within the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) gene, the expression of many genes normally regulated by RARA may be affected by this translocation. To identify genes that may be aberrantly expressed in APL, a subtraction cDNA library of an APL patient with t(15;17) was constructed. A cDNA, pRD1, specifically expressed in APL was identified. DNA sequence analysis of pRD1 showed that this gene is similar to the DNA sequence of annexin VIII, a gene which encodes a vascular anticoagulant. The annexin VIII gene was assigned to chromosome 10, which indicates that specific expression of this gene in APL is not directly involved in the t(15;17) breakpoint region. We have analyzed the expression of annexin VIII gene in nine t(15;17)-positive APL patients and one APL patient with a chromosome 17q-abnormality. We found that all APL samples expressed high levels of the annexin VIII gene. Expression of the annexin VIII gene in all other leukemias, including acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was undetectable, except in one patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in which a very low level of expression was detected. Annexin VIII is highly expressed in the APL cell line, NB4. Its expression was significantly reduced after 8 hours of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, whereas the expression of RARA increased several-fold within 4 hours postinduction. Thus, increased expression of RARA preceded the downregulation of annexin VIII after ATRA induction, suggesting an inverse relationship between RARA and annexin VIII expression. Since increased expression of the fusion transcript was seen after ATRA induction and an APL without a t(15;17) translocation expressed high levels of annexin VIII, it appears that increased expression of annexin VIII in APL is not related to the fusion transcript. Therefore, dysregulation of the RARA gene may be related to the overexpression of annexin VIII in APL.
Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Highly-Efficient Gene Delivery (2013)

Functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can play crucial roles for medical applications such as cancer magnetic induction hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetofection. Gene therapy is an emerging area of biomedicine and has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of human disease. Herein we report the results of modified magnetic nanoparticles coated with protamine containing nuclear localization signal sequences. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, cellular uptake, and gene magnetofection efficiency of protamine modified SPIONs were evaluated. SPIONs modified with protamine resulted in more cellular uptake and higher-efficient gene transfection in HepG2 cells. The work demonstrates that protamine modified SPIONs can be used as a novel kind of highly efficient magnetic mediator for magnetic induction hyperthermia combined with gene therapy.
Exogenous lysozyme influences<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>colonization and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens (2010)

Necrotic enteritis is a worldwide poultry disease caused by the overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens in the small intestine. An experiment with a 2x2 factorial design (supplementation with or without 40 mg lysozyme/kg diet for chickens challenged with or without C. perfringens) was conducted to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of exogenous lysozyme against intestinal colonization by C. perfringens in chickens subject to oral inoculation of C. perfringens type A on days 17 to 20. The C. perfringens challenge resulted in significant increase of C. perfringens, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus populations in the ileum, bacteria translocation to the spleen, the intestinal lesion scores , There was significantly lower intestinal lysozyme activity in the duodenum and jejunum and weight gain during days 14 to 28 of the experiment. The addition of exogenous lysozyme significantly reduced the concentration of C. perfringens in the ileum and the intestinal lesion scores, inhibited the overgrowth of E. coli and Lactobacillus in the ileum and intestinal bacteria translocation to the spleen, and improved intestinal lysozyme activity in the duodenum and the feed conversion ratio of chickens. These findings suggest that exogenous lysozyme could decrease C. perfringens colonization and improve intestinal barrier function and growth performance of chickens.
Gate Circuit Layout Optimization of Power Module Regarding Transient Current Imbalance (2006)

The layout of power multichip modules is one of the key points of a module design, especially for high power densities, where couplings are enlarged. This paper focuses on dynamic current imbalance between paralleled chips. It can be principally attributed to gate circuit dissymmetry, which modifies inductances and coupling, especially with the power circuit. This paper describes the analysis of an existing power module. An optimization process based on a modification of the gate circuit geometry allows balancing current during switching phases. This approach will be validated with experimental measurements and applied on an existing module
Automatic pulmonary fissure detection and lobe segmentation in CT chest images (2014)

The sagittal adaptive fissure scanning can localize the potential fissure regions quickly. After the potential region is enhanced by a Hessian based line enhancement filter, Uniform Cost Search can extract the fissures successfully in 2D. Surface fitting is able to obtain three implicit surface functions for each dataset. The current algorithm shows good accuracy, robustness and speed, may help locate the lesions into each lobe and analyze them regionally.
Identification of Immunodominant Regions within the C-Terminal Cell Binding Domain of Intimin α and Intimin β from Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a common cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. EPEC strains induce a characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion on epithelial cells. A/E lesion formation requires intimin, an outer membrane adhesin protein. The cell-binding activity of intimin is localized at the C-terminal 280 amino acids of the polypeptide (Int280). So far, four distinct Int280 types (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) have been identified. The aim of this study was to identify immunodominant regions within the Int280alpha and Int280beta domains. Recombinant DNA was used to construct and express overlapping polypeptides spanning these domains. Rabbit anti-Int280 antisera and human colostral immunoglobulin A were reacted with these polypeptides in Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results obtained with the rabbit antisera showed the presence of two separate immunodominant regions which are common to both Int280alpha and Int280beta. The first localized within the N-terminal region of Int280, and the second localized between amino acids 80 and 130. The results with the human colostra revealed one reactivity pattern against the Int280alpha fragments but two different reactivity patterns against the Int280beta domain.
Test repositioning for functional assessment of neurological outcome after experimental stroke in mice (2017)

Stroke is a cerebrovascular pathology for which the only approved treatment is fibrinolysis. Several studies have focused on the development of new drugs but none has led to effective therapies to date, due, among others, to the difficulty to evaluate clinical deficits in experimental animal models. The present study aims to explore the applicability of known behavioral tests not commonly used in ischemia for the neurological assessment of mice after experimental stroke in different brain areas. A total of 225 CD1 male mice were randomly assigned to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion by ligature (pMCAO) or permanent anterior cerebral artery occlusion by photothrombosis (pACAO) models. Modified neuroseverity score, footprint test, forced swim test and elevated plus maze were performed. Under these experimental conditions, modified neuroseverity score showed neurological impairment early after experimental stroke in both models. By contrast, the footprint test and the elevated plus maze detected short-term neurological deterioration in the pMCAO model but not in the pACAO model. Furthermore, the forced swim test identified depression-like behavior in mice after ischemia only when the left hemisphere was affected. In conclusion, we propose the repositioning of known neurobehavioral tests, but not commonly used in the stroke field, for the fast detection of neurological impairments early after ischemia, and even specific to discriminate the territory affected by arterial occlusion as well as the hemisphere where brain damage occurs. All these findings may prove useful to improve the experimental design of neuroprotective drugs in order to bridge the gap between experimental studies and clinical trials.
Ligand-Protected Strain-Free Diarylgermylenes (2001)

Reaction of 2 molar equiv of 2,6-di(1‘-naphthyl)phenyllithium with bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]germylene afforded the red, crystalline, stable bis[2,6-bis(1-naphthyl)phenyl]germylene [(bisap)2Ge, 6] in good yield. The structure of the solvate 6·C6H6 was determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. The molecule features a largely strain-free conformation with a C−Ge−C angle of 102.72(9)° and Ge−C distances of 2.036(2) and 2.030(2) Å. These parameters are very close to those calculated for the diphenylgermylene prototype by ab initio methods [101.6°; 2.006 Å]. The two new wing-like 2,6-di(1-naphthyl)phenyl substituents appear to protect the germylene center of 6 in a very efficient way without inducing destabilizing distortions. Bis[2,4,6-triphenylphenyl]germylene [(triph)2Ge, 1] was also prepared. Germylenes 1 and 6 were oxidized to yellow products of the composition (triph)2GeO (2) and (bisap)2GeO (7), respectively. The compounds have been characterized by their mass spectra, which show the parent ions in full accordance with the proposed formulas.
Changes in coagulation factors, complement, immunoglobulins, and immune complex concentrations with plasma exchange (1982)

Seventeen patients with a spectrum of immunologically-related disorders were studied before and immediately after plasma exchange (PE) for changes in coagulation factors, complement, immunoglobulins, and immune complex levels. Each PE replaced 50 per cent of the plasma volume with 5% albumin and saline. With PE, coagulation profiles indicated a decrease of 23 to 55 per cent in the levels of fibrinogen, Factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, and Fletcher factor. Only minimal changes were noted in the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Most coagulation factors, except fibrinogen, returned to baseline by 48 hours. Following three PE/week, fibrinogen was reduced by 51 per cent; other factors were not significantly altered. C3 and C4 fell by 35 to 40 per cent with each PE; these approached baseline by 24 hours. Immunoglobulins (G,A,M) were reduced by 34 +/- 3,37 +/- 3 and 34 +/- 3 per cent, respectively. After three PE, the total immunoglobulins were decreased by 50 to 55 per cent. Five of eight patients who had three or more PE developed hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG less than 450 mg/dl). Immune complexes were reduced by 50 +/- 4 per cent with each PE. Multiple exchanges in five patients led to a greater reduction (80 +/- 6%). Thus PE was an effective means of reducing immune complexes but led to hypogammaglobulinemia and hypofibrinogenemia.
A balanced 0.9- mu m CMOS transconductance-C filter tunable over the VHF range (1992)

A balanced transconductance-C biquad implemented in the digital subset of a 0.9- mu m CMOS process operates at frequencies up to 450 MHz and Q factors from a nominal value near 1 to approximately 100 with 30-40-dB dynamic range. By switching in capacitors and adjusting control voltages it can be tuned to below 30 MHz, demonstrating the capability of operating over the entire VHF range. Active area is 0.029 mm/sup 2/ and power consumption is 8-12 mW with a 5-V power supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protective coatings for radiation control in boiling water nuclear power reactors (1987)

Stainless-steel surfaces (316 nuclear grade) develop 60Co-embedded oxide scales when exposed to a boiling water reactor (BWR) environment. Thin films such as Pd, Ni, Au, and Cr were found to drastically reduce the radioactive buildup. The films were prepared by vacuum evaporation and electroless deposition. The electroless coating consisted of a thin cathodically treated layer, followed by a nickel strike (∼1 μm) and an electroless layer (∼600 Å). The present paper describes the results obtained from a transmission electron microscope replica study of the radioactive growths that formed on uncoated and thin-film-coated stainless-steel rods. The coated rods, when exposed to a simulated BWR environment, exhibited corrosion film growths ranging from large faceted grains (uncoated) and isolated islands of similar crystallites (Au coated) to extremely small nucleated growths (Pd, Ni coated). Also, it was found that chromium oxide films, which generally form a protective oxide on stainless steel, do not completely stop either the corrosion film growth or the associated radioactive buildup. The morphologies of the corrosion film growth were correlated with the relative 60Co activity, and the substrate topography. The best coating to date was found to be a Pd thin film, 1000 Å thick, which reduced the radioactive buildup by a factor of ∼13.