gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical measurements as a way to study mode partition in injection lasers (1984)

We have demonstrated a statistical measurement technique to characterize the mode partition in injection lasers. In the steady state small nonlasing side modes have distributions similar to that of a narrow-band Gaussian noise. There is a certain probability that they carry a significant portion of the total output. For example, if a side mode of a TJS (AlGa)As laser contains on the average 1.6 percent of the total output power, there is a probability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , that it carries 30 percent of the total output. Distributions of main modes of a multimode laser can be matched by beta distributions with properly selected parameters. In addition to dc conditions, this technique has also been used to study the transient behavior of injection lasers. The dominant mode has been shown to start from a noise distribution.
Factors That Determine Selectivity for Dehydrogenation in Oxidation of Light Alkanes (1993)

The product distributions in the oxidation of butane over supported vanadium oxide catalysts and orthovanadates of cations of different reducibilities, and C2 to C6 alkanes over Mg orthovanadate, Mg pyrovanadate, and vanadyl pyrophosphate were compared. From these product distribution patterns, the factors that determine selectivity for dehydrogenation versus formation of oxygencontaining products (which include oxygenates and carbon oxides) were identified. It was proposed that in the formation of the primary products, the selectivity for dehydrogenation decreased with increasing probability of a surface alkyl species (or adsorbed alkene formed from the alkyl) to react with a surface lattice oxygen. This probability was higher for vanadates that had low differential heats of reoxidation or that contained cations of high reduction potential, and for vanadates whose active sites could bind the surface species at least two different carbon atoms so as to bring the hydrocarbon species close to the surface reactive lattice oxygen. These factors could be used to interpret the different selectivities for dehyrogenation in the oxidation of butane over SiO2-supported vanadia catalysts of different vanadia loadings.
Putting genetic interactions in context through a global modular decomposition (2011)

Genetic interactions provide a powerful perspective into gene function, but our knowledge of the specific mechanisms that give rise to these interactions is still relatively limited. The availability of a global genetic interaction map in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, covering ∼30% of all possible double mutant combinations, provides an unprecedented opportunity for an unbiased assessment of the native structure within genetic interaction networks and how it relates to gene function and modular organization. Toward this end, we developed a data mining approach to exhaustively discover all block structures within this network, which allowed for its complete modular decomposition. The resulting modular structures revealed the importance of the context of individual genetic interactions in their interpretation and revealed distinct trends among genetic interaction hubs as well as insights into the evolution of duplicate genes. Block membership also revealed a surprising degree of multifunctionality across the yeast genome and enabled a novel association of VIP1 and IPK1 with DNA replication and repair, which is supported by experimental evidence. Our modular decomposition also provided a basis for testing the between-pathway model of negative genetic interactions and within-pathway model of positive genetic interactions. While we find that most modular structures involving negative genetic interactions fit the between-pathway model, we found that current models for positive genetic interactions fail to explain 80% of the modular structures detected. We also find differences between the modular structures of essential and nonessential genes.
Effect of fatty acid supplementation on growth and differentiation of human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells in vitro (2000)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids play a critical role in the structure and function of the developing nervous system. It has been proposed that fatty acids may effect a variety of biologic processes through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs)-ligand activated transcription factors. In this report, we demonstrate that fatty acids can inhibit the proliferation of the human neuronal cell line IMR-32. The fatty acids linoleate, alpha-linoleate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate, and oleate all inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation of IMR-32 cells after 72 h. Fatty acid supplementation also led to the morphologic differentiation of the IMR-32 cells. Linoleate and arachidonate, fatty acids of the n-6 series, induced the most extensive differentiation. Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth. In support of this hypothesis, clofibric acid, a specific ligand of PPARalpha, also inhibited IMR-32 cell proliferation and strongly induced PPAR activation. Together these results suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in the development of neuronal precursor cells and that activation of the PPARs may be one pathway by which fatty acids modulate the growth and differentiation of neuronal precursor cells.
A Synthesis of 3-Hydroxymethyl-6-methylbenzofuran (1992)

Abstmct-3-Hydroxymethyl-6-methylhenmfuran, a thymol derivative recently isolated from Ageratina glechonophylla, has now been synthesized.Benzofurans from the Asteraceae are known to he biologically active.'Compounds in the 0x01 and lremetone series have been associated with the causes of milk sickness2 and an antitumoral screening carried out by the National Heart Institute reported that 10x01 and toxy-angelate displayed slight antitumoral activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukaemia t u m o u r ~. ~The majority of the known henzofurans exhibit a methyl ketone moiety, usually, at C-6 of the heterocyclic ring and natural compounds without this methyl ketone (such as 1) are much less common."'The structure assigned to 3-hydroxymethyl-6-melhylbenzofuran (I), a benmfuran thymol derivative isolated from Ageratina glechon~phylla,~ had been based solely on spectroscopic evidence and the short synthesis described below has confirmed lhat it is correct.m-Cresol acetate (2) (Scheme 1) was converted to 2-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenone (3) by treatment with aluminium chloride in hot carbon disulphide.In order to protect the hydroxyl group, 3 was acetylated and the produced 4 was then treated6 with bromine in chloroform to form the a-hromo derivative (5).Upon treatment with trimethylsulfonium methylide in tetrahydrofuran (THF)' 5 gave 7 instead of the desired compound, 3bromomethyl-6-methylbenzofuran (6).
Atomic layer deposition of zirconium silicate films using zirconium tetrachloride and tetra-<i>n</i>-butyl orthosilicate (2002)

Atomic layer chemical vapor deposition of zirconium silicate films with a precursor combination of ZrCl4 and tetra-n-butyl orthosilicate (TBOS) was studied for high dielectric gate insulators. The effect of deposition conditions, such as deposition temperature, pulse time for purge and precursor injection on the deposition rate per cycle, and composition of the film were studied. At 400 °C, the growth rate saturated to 1.35 Å/cycle above 500 sccm of the argon purge flow rate. The growth rate, composition ratio ((Zr/Zr+Si)), and impurity contents (carbon and chlorine) saturated with the increase of the injection time of ZrCl4 and TBOS and decreased with the increased deposition temperature from 300 to 500 °C. The growth rate, composition ratio, carbon, and chlorine contents of the Zr silicate thin films deposited at 500 °C were 1.05 Å/cycle, 0.23, 1.1 at. %, and 2.1 at. %, respectively. It appeared that by using only zirconium chloride and silicon alkoxide sources, the content of carbon and chlorine impurities could not be lowered below 1%. It was also found that the incorporation rate of metal from halide source was lower than alkoxide source.
In vitro complementation analysis localizes 23S rRNA posttranscriptional modifications that are required for Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit assembly and function. (1996)

In vitro transcripts of Escherichia coli 23S rRNA are compromised severely (at least five orders of magnitude below natural 23S rRNA) in their ability to reconstitute into catalytically active, correctly assembled 50S subunits in a standard reconstitution procedure. Denaturation experiments suggest that this deficiency is the result of missing posttranscriptional modifications present in natural 23S rRNA. An in vitro complementation analysis was performed where partial natural 23S rRNA fragments prepared by RNase H digestion or hammerhead ribozyme cleavage were combined with the remaining RNA as a partial in vitro transcript in a standard reconstitution reaction and the peptidyl transferase activity was measured. This approach has identified a ca. 80-nt region in 23S rRNA (extending from position 2445 to 2523) containing the natural RNA element essential for E. coli 50S subunit assembly and has excluded the requirement for all but six of the known posttranscriptional modifications in 23S rRNA for 50S subunit assembly or peptidyl transferase activity. Importantly, this chimeric reconstitution approach provides a system for the analysis of pure mutant populations of 23S rRNA reconstituted into 50S subunits.
Advances in Ophthalmology (1977)

Book reviewsfor guidance in the repair of such larger defects.Total reconstruction of an eyelid receives no mention at all, and the large and beautifully executed drawings, which occupy much of the space in this chapter, merely depict the meticulous repair of relatively trivial defects.
Metal clad active fibres for power scaling and thermal management at kW power levels (2016)

We present a new approach to high power fibre laser design, consisting of a polymer-free all-glass optical fibre waveguide directly overclad with a high thermal conductivity metal coating. This metal clad active fibre allows a significant reduction in thermal resistance between the active fibre and the laser heat-sink as well as a significant increase in the operating temperature range. In this paper we show the results of a detailed thermal analysis of both polymer and metal coated active fibres under thermal loads typical of kW fibre laser systems. Through several different experiments we present the first demonstration of a cladding pumped aluminium-coated fibre laser and the first demonstration of efficient operation of a cladding-pumped fibre laser at temperatures of greater than 400 °C. Finally, we highlight the versatility of this approach through operation of a passively (radiatively) cooled ytterbium fibre laser head at an output power of 405 W in a compact and ultralight package weighing less than 100 g.
ORF-less and reverse-transcriptase-encoding group II introns in archaebacteria, with a pattern of homing into related group II intron ORFs (2003)

Although group II intron retroelements are prevalent in eubacteria, they have not been identified in archaebacteria in the first 10 genomes sequenced. However, the recently sequenced archael genome of Methanosarcina acetivorans contains 21 group II introns, including 7 introns that do not encode reverse transcriptase ORFs. To our knowledge, these are the first retroelements identified in archaebacteria, and the first ORF-less group II introns in bacteria. Furthermore, the insertion pattern of the introns is highly unusual. The introns appear to insert site-specifically into ORFs of other group II introns, forming nested clusters of up to four introns, but there are no flanking exons that could encode a functional protein after the introns have been spliced out.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria: I: Multicenter prevalence study in cystic fibrosis (2020)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potential respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). To assess the species-specific prevalence and risk factors for acquisition, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of NTM and clinical features of patients at 21 U.S. centers. Almost 10% of patients with CF who were 10 years or older were included (n = 986). The overall prevalence of NTM in sputum was 13.0% (range by center, 7-24%). Mycobacterium avium complex (72%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (16%) were the most common species. When compared with patients with CF without NTM, culture-positive subjects were older (26 vs. 22 years, p < 0.001), had a higher FEV1 (60 vs. 54%, p 0.01), higher frequency of Staphylococcus aureus (43 vs. 31%, p 0.01), and lower frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71 vs. 82%, p < 0.01). Molecular typing revealed that almost all patients within each center had unique NTM strains. In summary, NTM are common in patients with CF, but neither person-to-person nor nosocomial acquisition explained the high prevalence. Older age was the most significant predictor for isolation of NTM. The clinical significance of NTM in CF is incompletely defined, but patients with these organisms should be monitored with repeat cultures.
Modeling, identification and performance analysis of a DVD player (2003)

This paper is devoted to identification and performance analysis of an industrial DVD-video player. First a mathematical model of the optical actuator, based on electro-mechanic physical equations, is given. Then a closed-loop frequency-domain identification procedure, based on frequency curve fitting, is presented. Performance analysis of an existing industrial control scheme is finally provided, by using the usual sensitivity functions.
DS-CDMA downlink system capacity enhancement through interference suppression (2006)

In the downlink of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular systems, system capacity is limited by multiuser interference. This interference can be suppressed at the receiver by interference whitening approaches such as chip equalization and generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) reception. In this paper, we show how these advanced receivers can increase system capacity. First, the G-RAKE receiver formulation is extended to include soft handoff and other-cell interference. Then, voice capacity is evaluated, including the effects of fast fading, interference correlation, power control, orthogonality properties of own-cell signals, and soft handoff. Numerical results for the wideband CDMA system show that when the channel is dispersive, advanced receivers improve capacity by 30-34%
RÉSULTATS OBTENUS AU COURS DE L'ÉTUDE DE QUELQUES FACTEURS IMPORTANTS DE L'INSÉMINATION ARTIFICIELLE OVINE (1968)

La recherche d'une technique d'insmination artificielle dans l'espce ovine a t oriente vers l'tude du milieu de dilution, de la dure et de la temprature de conservation du sperme et du nombre quotidien d'interventions. Au cours de nos expriences, 1 59 8 brebis de races Lacaune et Ile-de-France ont t utilises.
Spherical harmonics microwave algorithm for shape and location reconstruction of breast cancer tumor (2006)

A reconstruction algorithm to simultaneously estimate the shape and location of three-dimensional breast cancer tumor is presented and its utility is analyzed. The approach is based on a spherical harmonic decomposition to capture the shape of the tumor. We combine a gradient descent optimization method with a direct electromagnetic solver to determine the coefficients in the harmonic expansion as well as the coordinates of the center of the tumor. The results demonstrate the potential advantage of collecting data using a multiple-view/tomographic-type strategy. We show how the order of the harmonic expansion must be increased to capture increasingly "irregularly" shaped tumors and explore the resulting increase in the central processing unit (CPU) time required by the algorithm. Our approach shows accurate reconstruction of the tumor image regardless of the source polarization. This work demonstrates the promise of the algorithm when used on data corrupted with Gaussian noise and when perfect knowledge of the tumor electrical properties is not available.
Active Learning of an Action Detector from Untrimmed Videos (2013)

Collecting and annotating videos of realistic human actions is tedious, yet critical for training action recognition systems. We propose a method to actively request the most useful video annotations among a large set of unlabeled videos. Predicting the utility of annotating unlabeled video is not trivial, since any given clip may contain multiple actions of interest, and it need not be trimmed to temporal regions of interest. To deal with this problem, we propose a detection-based active learner to train action category models. We develop a voting-based framework to localize likely intervals of interest in an unlabeled clip, and use them to estimate the total reduction in uncertainty that annotating that clip would yield. On three datasets, we show our approach can learn accurate action detectors more efficiently than alternative active learning strategies that fail to accommodate the "untrimmed" nature of real video data.
Measurement of inhibitors of calcium phosphate precipitation in plasma ultrafiltrate (1984)

Two methods are described to measure quantitatively the inhibitory activity of calcium phosphate precipitation in undiluted plasma ultrafiltrates. The first, called the "seed test," is based on the determination of the amount of apatite needed to induce the precipitation of calcium phosphate from the ultrafiltrate that previously had been brought to a constant [Ca X Pi] supersaturation. The second, called the "supersaturation test," is based on the determination of the minimum [Ca X Pi] product necessary to induce the precipitation of calcium phosphate, care being taken to eliminate the influence of chelators. With both techniques pyrophosphate was found to be the most effective inhibitor, magnesium and citrate being less active. At the physiological concentrations present in plasma ultrafiltrate, magnesium represented the greatest part of the activity in the seed test, while pyrophosphate was the most important in the supersaturation test. However, the three known inhibitors represented only part of the total inhibitory activity. In a pilot study, patients with renal failure showed an increase in inhibitory activity both in the known and unknown fractions.
Memory sites, postmemory, co-memory (2010)

Abstract This chapter links the theoretical foundations and politics of social memory in relation to the building blocks of the current ‘memory turn’ in the social sciences to social memory in the Israeli context. It also places memory as social, constructed and mediated and it is divided into three main themes, theorising memory in spatial, temporal and social terms. It then pursues a temporal line of inquiry, beginning from Marianne Hirsch's notion of ‘postmemory’. It reiterates memory as a social process. Collective memory is often equated with official memory, popular memory and cultural memory. Claiming the authenticity of collective memories is very evident in Pierre Nora. The Nakba embodies an unbridgeable gap between two qualitatively different periods, pre- and post-Nakba, making generational time a third key element of memory time for Palestinians. It is suggested that it is more apt to think of Nakba commemoration by Israeli Jews as co-memory.
Wireless Body Area Networks: Applications and Technologies (2016)

The increasing use of wireless networks and the constant miniaturization of electrical invasive/non-invasive devices have empow- ered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). A WBAN provides a continuous health monitoring of a patient without any constraint on his/her normal daily life activities. Many technologies have proved their efficiency in supporting WBANs applications, such as remote monitoring, biofeedback and assisted living by responding to their specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. Due to numerous available technologies, selecting the appropriate technology for a medical application is being a challenging task. In this paper, the different medical applications are presented. The most common technologies used in WBANs are highlighted. Finally, a matching between each application and the corresponding suitable technology is studied.
The influence of shock waveforms on defibrillation efficacy (1990)

The early use of AC waveforms for ventricular defibrillation is briefly recounted. Research on the efficacy of damped sinusoidal, truncated, and biphasic waveforms is reviewed. It is noted that damped sinusoidal and monophasic truncated exponential waveforms have been used successfully for decades in clinical settings and the further improvements can be made by altering the applied waveforms. Studies in animals suggest the superiority of biphasic over monophasic waveforms; the causes for these improvements have not yet been completely elucidated. Results indicate that the response of the myocardium to electric shocks is complex.
Polymer blends with semiconducting nanowires for organic electronics (2012)

This article reviews the recent advances in organic electronics based on polymer blends with one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) of π-conjugated polymers. Self-assembled polymer semiconducting NWs are fascinating building blocks for their directional extension of inter- and intramolecular π-conjugation. This extensive conjugation provides unique electrical and optical properties that benefit applications in organic electronic devices. Outstanding performances are particularly expected from blending these NWs with insulating polymers or semiconducting molecules. Several representative reports describing NWs prepared from semiconducting/insulating polymer blends, conjugated block copolymers, or electrospinning for use as high-performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are discussed. The concepts of phase-separation behavior and the growth of crystalline NWs from multi-phase blend solutions are also illustrated. Research into the solubility-induced formation of NWs from semiconducting polymer/n-type small molecule blends for high-efficiency organic photovoltaic solar cells (OPVs) is introduced. In addition, the effects of the chemical properties of conjugated polymers on the optical and electrical properties of NWs and the use of ordered NW structures in OPVs are summarized. This critical review provides insights and a new perspective on the optimization of blend morphologies, which consequently enhances the performance of organic electronic devices.
Sub-5-fs visible pulse generation by pulse-front-matched noncollinear optical parametric amplification (1999)

Sub-5-fs pulses are generated in the visible region. A pulse-front-matched noncollinear optical parametric amplifier is operated with the full bandwidth by precompression of the seeded continuum with a customized ultrabroadband chirped mirror (UBCM) pair. The signal is compressed down to a nearly transform-limited 4.7±0.1 fs duration by a prism pair and another UBCM pair with a 5-μJ pulse energy.