gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameterized RTL power models for soft macros (2001)

We propose a new power macromodel for usage in the context of register-transfer level (RTL) power estimation. The model is suitable for reconfigurable, synthesizable, soft macros because it is parameterized with respect to the input data size (i.e., bit width) and can also be automatically scaled with respect to different technology libraries and/or synthesis options. The power model is precharacterized once and for all for each soft macro and then adapted to each specific instance by means of a single additional experiment to be performed by the end user. No intellectual-property disclosure is required for model scaling. The proposed model is derived from empirical analysis of the sensitivity of power consumption on input statistics, input data size, and technology. The experiments prove that with limited approximation, it is possible to decouple the effects on power of these three factors. The proposed solution is innovative since no previous macromodel supports automatic technology scaling and yields average estimation errors around 10%.
Production of in-fibre gratings using a diffractive optical element (1993)

A transmission phase grating was used to write a 94% reflectivity in-fibre index grating in a photosensitive optical fibre with a single UV laser beam at 242 nm. This method offers the possibility of high-volume production of in-fibre gratings.
Compressed sensing laser scanning microscopy (2016)

We present a measurement and reconstruction method for laser-scanning microscopy based on compressed sensing, which enables significantly higher frame rates and reduced photobleaching. The image reconstruction accuracy is ensured by including a model of the physical imaging process into the compressed sensing reconstruction procedure. We demonstrate its applicability to unmodified commercial confocal fluorescence microscopy systems and for Raman imaging, showing a potential data reduction of 10-15 times, which directly leads to improvements in acquisition speed, or reduction of photobleaching, without significant loss of spatial resolution. Furthermore, the reconstruction model is also robust to noise, and effective for low-light applications. This method has promising applications for all imaging modalities based on laser-scanning acquisition, including fluorescence, Raman, and nonlinear microscopy.
Design and Implementation of a Facility for Discovering New Scintillator Materials (2008)

We describe the design and operation of a high-throughput facility for synthesizing thousands of inorganic crystalline samples per year and evaluating them as potential scintillation detector materials. This facility includes a robotic dispenser, arrays of automated furnaces, a dual-beam X-ray generator for diffractometry and luminescence spectroscopy, a pulsed X-ray generator for time response measurements, computer-controlled sample changers, an optical spectrometer, and a network-accessible database management system that captures all synthesis and measurement data.
Potential Power Performances of the Distributed Amplifiers (1984)

In this paper experimental and theoretical results are presented. These results show that the distributed amplifiers can be used not only for small signal operations but also for high power applications with a very broad-band frequency. The results are verified by comparing an analytical model predicted with measurements between .3 to 12 GHz. The simulation uses SPICE 2 program. Finally, in this paper, we show the feasability of the distributed amplifier for power applications.
Isoprene synthase activity and its relation to isoprene emission in <i>Quercus robur</i> L. leaves (1999)

Pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) is known as a strong isoprene (2‐methyl‐1,3‐butadiene) emitter. Diurnal changes in isoprene emission were determined by branch enclosure measurements. In contrast to the diurnal cycle in emission rates, specific isoprene synthase activity in the leaves remained unchanged. Based on in vitro enzyme activity and its temperature dependency, an isoprene synthesis capacity at specific leaf temperatures was calculated. The comparison of these ‘leaf temperature‐dependent enzyme capacities’ and the measured emission rates revealed that the enzyme activity of isoprene synthase is comparable to the observed isoprene emission rates. In addition, variation in the isoprene synthase activity of the leaves due to changes in light intensity during leaf development was investigated. A 50% reduction of light intensity by shading of single branches reduced isoprene synthase activity by ≈ 60% compared with full sunlight. The calculation of isoprene synthesis capacities based on enzymatic data obtained under optimum reaction conditions, corrected for actual leaf temperature and related to leaf surface area, provides a sound basis for predicting the isoprene emission potential of plants.
Fuzzy Logic for Business, Finance, and Management (1997)

This is truly an interdisciplinary book for knowledge workers in business, finance, management and socio-economic sciences based on fuzzy logic. It serves as a guide to and techniques for forecasting, decision making and evaluations in an environment involving uncertainty, vagueness, impression and subjectivity. Traditional modeling techniques, contrary to fuzzy logic, do not capture the nature of complex systems especially when humans are involved. Fuzzy logic uses human experience and judgement to facilitate plausible reasoning in order to reach a conclusion. Emphasis is on applications presented in the 27 case studies including Time Forecasting for Project Management, New Product Pricing, and Control of a Parasit-Pest System.
Identifying important structural characteristics of arsenic resistance proteins by using designed three-stranded coiled coils (2007)

Arsenic, a contaminant of water supplies worldwide, is one of the most toxic inorganic ions. Despite arsenic's health impact, there is relatively little structural detail known about its interactions with proteins. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli have evolved arsenic resistance using the Ars operon that is regulated by ArsR, a repressor protein that dissociates from DNA when As(III) binds. This protein undergoes a critical conformational change upon binding As(III) with three cysteine residues. Unfortunately, structures of ArsR with or without As(III) have not been reported. Alternatively, de novo designed peptides can bind As(III) in an endo configuration within a thiolate-rich environment consistent with that proposed for both ArsR and ArsD. We report the structure of the As(III) complex of Coil Ser L9C to a 1.8-A resolution, providing x-ray characterization of As(III) in a Tris thiolate protein environment and allowing a structural basis by which to understand arsenated ArsR.
[An analysis of the level and bilateralness of disorders of the brain stem auditory evoked potential in tumors of the posterior cranial fossa with different locations]. (1993)

The method of stem auditory evoked potential was used in the examination of 39 patients with tumors of the posterior cranial fossa of various localization. The time indices of the response were analysed: the peak latency of components I, III, and V and interpeak I-III, III-V, and I-V intervals. The most coarse disorders were revealed in patients with tumors of the cerebellopontile angle (100% of cases), which were clearly lateralized. Changes of stem auditory evoked potential in patients with cerebellar tumors were encountered somewhat less frequently (in up to 90%) and the response was asymmetric in most cases. As compared to the first group, however, a high percentage of disorders of component V to stimulation of the intact side was noted. Among patients with median localization of the tumor (vermis cerebelli, floor of fourth ventricle) changes were found in 62% of cases (component V). No authentic differences to stimulation of different sides were revealed. The authors discuss problems on the levels of occurrence of disorders of stem auditory evoked potential in patients with lesions of posterior cranial fossa structures.
Utilization of polymer viscoelastic properties in acoustic wave sensor applications (1990)

Acoustic wave responses arising from changing viscoelastic properties of polymer film overlays are investigated when induced by a photo-cross-linking reaction and vapor absorption. When a polymer film is present on the surface of an acoustic wave device, changes in the viscoelastic properties of the film induce changes in wave propagation velocity and attenuation, providing two sensor responses. Film changes which occur during polymer cross-linking allow photopolymerization to be monitored in real time using acoustic devices. A photoaction spectrum of photoresist reveals the cross-linking wavelength with maximum quantum yield. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of a polysiloxane film induced by vapor absorption are found to be unique for each of several species, making differentiation of species with a single film possible. A Maxwell model for polymer viscoelasticity, in combination with mass loading effects, provides a sound theoretical basis for explaining observed results for both polysiloxane and polybutadiene/polystyrene copolymer films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
gamma-Aminobutyric acid uptake by a bacterial system with neurotransmitter binding characteristics. (1989)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an amino acid, has been found in every class of living organisms. In higher organisms, GABA is a neurotransmitter and binds with high affinity and specificity to GABA receptors on neurons in a sodium-independent reaction that is saturable. The role of GABA in organisms lacking nervous tissue is not known. This report describes, in a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, a GABA uptake system with binding characteristics like those of the GABA (type A) brain receptor. The binding was saturable and specific for GABA, was sodium-independent, was of high affinity (Km = 65 nM), and was inhibited competitively by muscimol, a potent GABA analogue. The bacterial GABA system included a homogeneous binding site, and no cooperative interaction was found between sites. To our knowledge, such a system for GABA, or other neurotransmitters, in a bacterium has not been reported.
Notice is Preempted for Civil Rights Actions: Felder v. Casey (1988)

A]ny person who
Antisense Morpholino Oligonucleotide Analog Induces Missplicing of C- <i>myc</i> mRNA (1999)

A 28-mer morpholino oligonucleotide analog was designed to hybridize to 8 bases of intron 1 and extend 2 bases beyond the translation initiation codon in exon 2 of the unspliced c-myc RNA transcript. Delivery of this compound into human chronic myeloid leukemia KYO1 cells, by streptolysin O permeabilization, resulted in almost total ablation of the 65 kDa c-MYC protein expression for at least 24 hours after treatment. An unexpected band with SDS-PAGE electrophoretic mobility indicating a protein of about 47 kDa was apparent on the 24-hour western blots that were developed using antibodies that recognize MYC protein C terminal epitopes. No inhibition of the approximately 2400 nt c-myc mRNA expression was observed by northern hybridization, a result of the inability of morpholino analogs to direct the activity of ribonuclease H. In fact, high molecular weight c-myc RNA species were found to have accumulated in antisense-treated KYO1 cells. Control sense and scrambled antisense morpholino analogs did not inhibit MYC protein expression or induce the appearance of the anomalous RNA and protein bands. Molecular analyses by RT-PCR and sequencing revealed that the morpholino antisense effector had (1) inhibited splicing of the c-myc pre-mRNA, (2) induced missplicing of the pre-mRNA, and (3) inhibited translation of normal spliced c-myc mRNA. Identical results were obtained with acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and histiocytic lymphoma cell lines.
Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids (1952)

First Page
A Mutation in the 5′ Untranslated Region Increases Stability of <i>norA</i> mRNA, Encoding a Multidrug Resistance Transporter of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

NorA, a multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus, protects the cell from multiple drugs, including quinolones. The flqB mutation (T-->G) in the 5' untranslated region upstream of norA causes norA overexpression of 4.9-fold in cis, as measured in norA::blaZ fusions. The transcriptional initiation site of norA was unchanged in mutant and wild-type strains, but the half-life of norA mRNA was increased 4.8-fold in the flqB mutant compared to the wild-type strain. Computer-generated folding of the first 68 nucleotides of the norA transcript predicts an additional stem-loop and changes in a putative RNase III cleavage site in the flqB mutant.
Power System Harmonic State Estimation and Observability Analysis via Sparsity Maximization (2007)

Harmonic state estimation (HSE) is used to locate harmonic sources and estimate harmonic distributions in power transmission networks. When only a limited number of harmonic meters are available, existing HSE methods have limited effectiveness due to observability problems. This paper describes a new system-wide harmonic state estimator that can reliably identify harmonic sources using fewer meters than unknown state variables. Note there are only a small number of simultaneous harmonic sources among the suspicious buses. Traditional observability analysis is extended to general underdetermined estimation when considering the sparsity of state variables. It is shown that the underdetermined HSE can become observable with proper measurement arrangements by applying the sparsity of state variables. The HSE is formulated as a constrained sparsity maximization problem based on L1-norm minimization. It can be solved efficiently by an equivalent linear programming. Numerical experiments are conducted in the IEEE 14-bus power system to test the proposed method. The underdetermined system contains nine meters and 13 suspicious buses. The results show that the proposed sparsity maximization approach can reliably identify harmonic sources in the presence of measurement noises, model parameter deviations, and small nonzero injections
A Fast Order-Based Approach for Core Maintenance (2016)

Graphs have been widely used in many applications such as social networks, collaboration networks, and biological networks. One important graph analytics is to explore cohesive subgraphs in a large graph. Among several cohesive subgraphs studied, k-core is one that can be computed in linear time for a static graph. Since graphs are evolving in real applications, in this paper, we study core maintenance which is to reduce the computational cost to compute k-cores for a graph when graphs are updated from time to time dynamically. We identify drawbacks of the existing efficient algorithm, which needs a large search space to find the vertices that need to be updated, and has high overhead to maintain the index built, when a graph is updated. We propose a new order-based approach to maintain an order, called k-order, among vertices, while a graph is updated. Our new algorithm can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art algorithm up to 3 orders of magnitude for the 11 large real graphs tested. We report our findings in this paper.
Geometrical image estimation with orthogonal bandlet bases (2007)

This article presents the first adaptive quasi minimax estimator for geometrically regular images in the white noise model. This estimator is computed using a thresholding in an adapted orthogonal bandlet basis optimized for the noisy observed image. In order to analyze the quadratic risk of this best basis denoising, the thresholding in an orthogonal bandlets basis is recasted as a model selection process. The resulting estimator is computed with a fast algorithm whose theoretical performance can be derived. This efficiency is confirmed through numerical experiments on natural images.
Social control of opinion survey agencies. (1949)

roots of present-day opinion surveying are laid in the closely allied fields of journalism and advertising. The founders and directors have shown more interest in the propagandist's art of influencing man's opinion than in dispassionately assaying what that opinion, if any, might be. The American Association for Public Opinion Research is considered to constitute a trade association rather than a professional scientific society. Licensing of pollers was first proposed by Bernays in 1945. The present proposal is that a federal law be passed providing for the issuance of federal licenses to organizations engaging in interstate opinion polling activities. Minimum standards of scientifically ethical practice must be an integral part of the law. It is suggested that Congress ask the American Psychological Association, the American Sociological Society and the American Statistical Association to appoint advisory committees. 15 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Cultivation and characterization of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme borreliosis (1990)

Attempts were made to culture spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid samples of 105 patients suspected of having Lyme borreliosis with neurological complications. At the final evaluation, only 38 patients fulfilled the criteria of neuroborreliosis. Spirochetes were cultured from cerebrospinal fluid samples of four of these patients. All four patients had pleocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid and a history of neurological symptoms of only 4 to 10 days in duration. Two of them had no detectable antibodies against any of the isolated spirochetes in their cerebrospinal fluid, both when tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and when tested by immunoblotting. An antibody reaction against the homologous isolate that was distinctly stronger than that against the heterologous isolates was found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from one patient. The cells of the isolates were morphologically similar and showed a very similar protein pattern when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells of all isolates reacted with the monoclonal antibodies H5332 and H9724, which also react with Borrelia burgdorferi B31, the type strain. One isolate lost a major protein of 23 kilodaltons after subcultivation for 4 months. We conclude that isolation of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid might prove successful in clinically selected cases of Lyme borreliosis.
Simulation of Field Results of Cyclic Steam/Gas Injection in the Bolivar Coast, Western Venezuela (1987)

ABSTRACT The injection of a small slug of natural gas immediately after the injection of steam, has been proposed as a method for improving the oil production of a cycle of steam stimulation. This approach is being tested by MARAVEN in an area traditionally exploited by cyclic steam injection. Results of pilot tests of cyclic steam followed by gas injection in heavy oil reservoirs (9–12°API) in the Tía Juana and East Tía Juana Fields of the Bolivar Coast in Western Venezuela are presented. The tests in the Tía Juana Field were performed during a first cycle, with an increase of 20% in the oil production due to the gas injection. The tests in the East Tía Juana Field were performed during a fourth cycle, with no significant change in the oil recovery. To understand the observed behavior and the merits of the gas-slug injection, the pilot tests were successfully simulated with a three-dimensional compositional thermal numerical model. In the East Tía Juana fields this involved simulating 36 years of production during depletion and the three cycles prior to the steam/gas stimulation. In the Tía Juana Field it involved only the steam/gas stimulation cycle. To study the parameters that affect the recovery due to the injection of gas, a sensitivity study with varying gas injection conditions, and reservoir conditions at the start of the steam/gas stimulation was conducted. Results indicate that the extra production due to the injection of gas, is highly sensitive to the pressure of the reservoir at the start of the injection. This result confirms the observed field behavior. The main mechanism responsible for the increase of production due to the injection of gas is solution gas-drive. This effect is more important at the higher pressures normally present during the first stimulation cycles. Other factors such as changes in saturations, pressure, and temperature are deemed to be of relatively minor importance.
Global and local chassis control based on load sensing (2009)

Modern cars are equipped with an increasing number of active systems in order to help the driver, e.g. to better deal with unexpected changes in the vehicle dynamics. To improve the global vehicle dynamics, comfort and handling, coordination between traditionally stand-alone active systems is required. This demands for a global chassis controller. Thanks to the use of tyre force sensors, the controller proposed in this paper is structured on two layers which simplify the implementation and the computation. The top layer deals with the global control and the force allocation. Thanks to the structure, the nonlinearities and uncertainties of the tyre do not appear in this layer and the allocation can be treated as a convex optimization problem. The solution to this problem taking tyre friction constraints into account is provided by a hybrid dynamical system. The bottom layer features 4 independent local tyre controllers. These ensure, in a robust manner, that the allocated forces are realised. A simulation example shows the performance of the method during a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">split-mu</i> braking manoeuvre.
Adipose tissues and thyroid hormones (2014)

The maintenance of energy balance is regulated by complex homeostatic mechanisms, including those emanating from adipose tissue. The main function of the adipose tissue is to store the excess of metabolic energy in the form of fat. The energy stored as fat can be mobilized during periods of energy deprivation (hunger, fasting, diseases). The adipose tissue has also a homeostatic role regulating energy balance and functioning as endocrine organ that secretes substances that control body homeostasis. Two adipose tissues have been identified: white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) with different phenotype, function and regulation. WAT stores energy, while BAT dissipates energy as heat. Brown and white adipocytes have different ontogenetic origin and lineage and specific markers of WAT and BAT have been identified. "Brite" or beige adipose tissue has been identified in WAT with some properties of BAT. Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic actions, regulating the differentiation process in many tissues including the adipose tissue. Adipogenesis gives raise to mature adipocytes and is regulated by several transcription factors (c/EBPs, PPARs) that coordinately activate specific genes, resulting in the adipocyte phenotype. T3 regulates several genes involved in lipid mobilization and storage and in thermogenesis. Both WAT and BAT are targets of thyroid hormones, which regulate genes crucial for their proper function: lipogenesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis, mitochondrial function, transcription factors, the availability of nutrients. T3 acts directly through specific TREs in the gene promoters, regulating transcription factors. The deiodinases D3, D2, and D1 regulate the availability of T3. D3 is activated during proliferation, while D2 is linked to the adipocyte differentiation program, providing T3 needed for lipogenesis and thermogenesis. We examine the differences between BAT, WAT and brite/beige adipocytes and the process that lead to activation of UCP1 in WAT and the presence of BAT in humans and its relevance.