gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase by PDGF in hepatic stellate cells (1995)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) is a lipid and protein kinase which associates with the activated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and other tyrosine kinases. We studied the effects of wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of PI 3-K, on the activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) by PDGF in cultured hepatic stellate cells, mesenchymal cells responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis within the liver. Incubation with 100 nM wortmannin, a dose which almost completely blocks PI 3-K, resulted in 50% reduction of ERK activity. Direct inhibition of ERK by wortmannin could not be considered responsible for this effect, since wortmannin did not inhibit ERK activity in vitro. Rather, inhibition of PI 3-K acts on the kinase cascade that leads to ERK activation, since PDGF-dependent phosphorylation of ERK was found to be reduced after incubation with wortmannin. Wortmannin also inhibited the increase in c-fos mRNA induced by PDGF, which is dependent on ERK activation. The results of this study show that in hepatic stellate cells PI 3-K is involved in ERK activation, although it is not necessary. These data indicate cross-talk between PI 3-K and the Ras/ERK pathway in PDGF-stimulated cells.
Production of high quality fuels from lignocellulose-derived chemicals: a convenient C–C bond formation of furfural, 5-methylfurfural and aromatic aldehyde (2012)

A new route of converting the whole of lignocellulose biomass derived molecules into high quality fuels was developed with C–C bond formation as the key step. The fuel precursors with 10–14 carbons could be easily obtained though direct self-coupling of furfural, 5-methyfurfural or aromatic aldehyde, the main components of lignocellulose, under mild conditions in water. After dehydration/hydrogenation, straight or branched alkanes with 8–14 carbons within diesel ranged fuels were obtained in moderate to high yield.
Drug Susceptibility in the Chemotherapy of Mycobacterial Infections (1991)

Preface. INTRODUCTION: DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS AND THE CLINICAL OUTCOME OF CHEMOTHERAPY ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN VITROANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS: PHARMACOKINETICS DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS DILEMMAS AND REALITIES IN DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM-M. INTRACELLULARE AND OTHER SLOWLY GROWING NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS FOR Mycobacterium FORTUITUM AND Mycobacterium CHELONAE DETECTION OF RESISTANCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE AND THE DESIGN OF TREATMENT REGIMENS FOR LEPROSYDRUG COMBINATIONS
Polymorphism in the Cholesterol 24S-Hydroxylase Gene (CYP46A1) Associated with the APOEυ3 Allele Increases the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and of Mild Cognitive Impairment Progressing to Alzheimer’s Disease (2005)

The CYP46A1-T allele increases the risk of suffering from LOAD in persons carrying the APOEpsilon3 allele.
Digital Lock-In Detection for Discriminating Multiple Modulation Frequencies With High Accuracy and Computational Efficiency (2007)

We introduce a novel digital lock-in detection technique for simultaneously measuring the amplitude and phase of multiple amplitude-modulated signals. Using particular modulation and sampling constraints and averaging filters, we achieve optimal noise reduction and discrimination between sources of different modulation frequencies. Furthermore, it is shown that the digital lock-in technique can be performed as a simple matrix multiplication, which considerably reduces the computation time. The digital lock-in algorithm is described and analyzed under certain sampling and modulation conditions, and results are shown for both numerical and experimental data.
Evolution of leaf developmental mechanisms (2005)

Leaves are determinate organs produced by the shoot apical meristem. Land plants demonstrate a large range of variation in leaf form. Here we discuss evolution of leaf form in the context of our current understanding of leaf development, as this has emerged from molecular genetic studies in model organisms. We also discuss specific examples where parallel studies of development in different species have helped understanding how diversification of leaf form may occur in nature.
Preparation of Tetracationic Metalloporphyrin−Spermine Conjugates (1997)

The preparation of tetracationic metalloporphyrin precursors for the attachement to DNA binding molecules is reported. Based on a D4h tetrapyridylporphyrin, such precursors are more accessible than the classical tailored tricationic porphyrin derivatives used as DNA cleavers. meso-Tetrapyridylporphyrin was reacted with ethyl bromopentanoate and methyl iodide to afford a monofunctionalized ester derivative of 1 which was hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid 5. This acid was reacted with spermine and BOP to yield conjugates containing one (6) or two (7) porphyrin units that were metalated with Mn(II) salts to afford the metalloporphyrins 6−Mn and 7−Mn. Furthermore, 6−Mn was linked to 5 to yield a spermine conjugate 8 containing two porphyrin moieties, one of which was metalated. The DNA cleavage activity of these different metalloporphyrins was studied in the presence of KHSO5 with double-stranded ΦX174 DNA. Conjugate 5−Mn, the spermine containing compound 6−Mn, and compound 7−Mn which contained two porphyrin moieties showed cleavage activities similar to that of the parent DNA cleaver 1−Mn. The porphyrin conjugate 8 which contained one metalated and one nonmetalated porphyrin had half the efficiency of 1−Mn. None of the synthesized compounds were able to induce direct double-strand breaks in the experimental conditions used.
Treatment of Sexual Anxiety with Graduate Modeling (1986)

The efficacy of graduated modelling as a treatment for sexual anxiety was evaluated for one woman. A multiple baseline design across three classes of sexual behavior was used to evaluate changes in anxiety. Expectancy effects were also controlled experimentally. Graduated modelling produced a significant decrease in sexual anxiety, which was maintained at two month and two year follow-ups. This decrease could not be attributed to expectancy for improvement.
Three‐Step Purification of Glucocorticoid Receptors from Rat Liver (1980)

The 90 000-Mr glucocorticoid receptor was purified to homogeneity according to sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An affinity column containing either dexamethasone-17 beta-carboxylic acid or dexamethasone-21-methanesulfonate bound to the matrix with the help of a disulfide bond is used in this study. Using this affinity matrix, in a single step, 8700-fold purification of glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver cytosol could be achieved. Following the method of activation and DNA-cellulose chromatography the 90 000-Mr receptor subunit was purified to homogeneity.
High Magnetic Field Research (1962)

The use of high magnetic fields as a research tool for a wide variety of physical phenomena is clearly recognized today and the subject of an International Symposium at Cambridge this fall. Another important step in promoting research with the help of large magnetic fields has been the sponsorship of the M. I. T. National Magnet Laboratory by the Air Force. This paper will review the highlights of the conference which included papers on research in plasma physics, low temperatures, solid state and the latest developments for generating high magnetic fields. The plans and objectives of the National Magnet Laboratory and description of the physical facilities will be presented. In addition, a brief review will be given of a number of experiments already performed in the existing Magnet Laboratory at M. I. T.
The Nitration of Melamine and of Triacetylmelamine<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nitration of Melamine and of Triacetylmelamine1James CasonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 495–498Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comorbidities and Risk of Mortality in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2012)

Comorbidities are frequent in COPD and 12 of them negatively influence survival. A simple disease-specific comorbidities index (COTE) helps assess mortality risk in patients with COPD.
Clinical study of a C31G containing mouthrinse: effect on salivary microorganisms. (1990)

In vitro studies have demonstrated the antiplaque properties of C31G, a potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agent consisting of an equimolar mixture of alkyl dimethyl glycine and alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, buffered with citric acid. In this initial clinical study, C31G at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%. Listerine, and placebo were tested in a complete crossover design. Twelve subjects were evaluated, with a minimum of 2 days between treatments. Parameters monitored were salivary bacterial counts and saliva glycolysis. The 0.5% and 0.2% C31G mouthrinses significantly reduced total bacterial counts in saliva samples obtained up to and including three hours after rinsing, compared with counts obtained prerinsing or after placebo rinsing. Both 0.5%, and 0.2% C31G significantly inhibited glycolysis of salivary bacteria for up to 6 hours postrinsing, compared with pH values obtained prerinsing. 0.1% and 0.05% C31G exhibited little or no effect in either assay. Listerine showed a significant reduction in bacterial counts for up to 1 hour postrinsing, compared with prerinse counts, but the effect was less sustained. Listerine showed no significant inhibition of glycolysis at any time point. No tooth staining or altered taste sensation was noted with either product.
Iron Uptake in<i>Ustilago maydis</i>: Tracking the Iron Path (1998)

In this study, we monitored and compared the uptake of iron in the fungus Ustilago maydis by using biomimetic siderophore analogs of ferrichrome, the fungal native siderophore, and ferrioxamine B (FOB), a xenosiderophore. Ferrichrome-iron was taken up at a higher rate than FOB-iron. Unlike ferrichrome-mediated uptake, FOB-mediated iron transport involved an extracellular reduction mechanism. By using fluorescently labeled siderophore analogs, we monitored the time course, as well as the localization, of iron uptake processes within the fungal cells. A fluorescently labeled ferrichrome analog, B9-lissamine rhodamine B, which does not exhibit fluorescence quenching upon iron binding, was used to monitor the entry of the compounds into the fungal cells. The fluorescence was found intracellularly 4 h after the application and later was found concentrated in two to three vesicles within each cell. The fluorescence of the fluorescently labeled FOB analog CAT18, which is quenched by iron, was visualized around the cell membrane after 4 h of incubation with the ferrated (nonfluorescent) compounds. This fluorescence intensity increased with time, demonstrating fungal iron uptake from the siderophores, which remained extracellular. We here introduce the use of fluorescent biomimetic siderophores as tools to directly track and discriminate between different pathways of iron uptake in cells.
System considerations for the design of radar braking sensors (1977)

This paper is concerned with the review and discussion of topics fundamental to the design of operational radar sensors for automatically activated braking systems for automobiles. Expected benefits in terms of reduced accidents and societal costs are briefly discussed, and a short discussion on modes of operation is presented. Target detectability characteristics are reviewed, and selected vehicles and pedestrian range-amplitude signatures at 10, 35, and 60 GHz are presented, as are discussions of atmospheric effects on propagation between 10 and 100 GHz. A short analysis of highway geometry effects on system performance is given, and false detection and intersystem problems are discussed in terms of this analysis.
Rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) possess two somatostatin mRNAs that are differentially expressed (1999)

Previously, we isolated a 624-bp cDNA encoding for a 115-amino acid preprosomatostatin containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-somatostatin (SS)-14 (now designated PPSS-II') obtained from the endocrine pancreas (Brockmann bodies) of rainbow trout. In this study we have characterized a second cDNA obtained from trout pancreas that is 600-bp in length and encodes for a 111-amino acid precursor containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-SS-14 (PPSS-II''). The nucleotide and amino acid identity between the two cDNAs is 82.3 and 80.5%, respectively. Both PPSS-II' and PPSS-II'' mRNA were present in esophagus, pyloric ceca, stomach, upper and lower intestine, and pancreas, whereas only SS-II" mRNA was present in brain. PPSS-II'' mRNA was more abundant than PPSS-II' mRNA in pancreas, whereas PPSS-II' mRNA was more abundant than PPSS-II" mRNA in stomach. Fasting increased pancreatic PPSS-II'' mRNA levels but had no effect on the levels of PPSS-II' mRNA. These results indicate the existence of two nonallelic pancreatic SS-II genes that are differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues and in terms of relative abundance within the tissues.
Thaliporphine protects ischemic and ischemic‐reperfused rat hearts via an NO‐dependent mechanism (2001)

Abstract In ischemia or ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R), nitric oxide (NO) can potentially exert several beneficial effects. Thaliporphine, a natural alkaloid with Ca 2+ channel‐activating and Na + /K + channel‐blocking activities, increased NO levels and exerted cardioprotective action in ischemic or I/R rats. The role of NO in the cardioprotective actions of thaliporphine was assessed. The severity of rhythm disturbances and mortality in anesthetized rats with either coronary artery occlusion for 30 min, or 5 min followed by 30‐min reperfusion, were monitored and compared in thaliporphine‐ vs. placebo‐treated groups. Thaliporphine treatment significantly increased NO and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood during the end period of ischemia or I/R. These changes in NO and LDH levels by thaliporphine were associated with a reduction in the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) during ischemic or I/R period. The mortality of animals was also completely prevented by 1 × 10 –8 moles/kg of thaliporphine. In animals subjected to 4 h of left coronary artery occlusion, 1 × 10 –7 moles/kg of thaliporphine dramatic reduced cardiac infarct zone from 46 ± 6% to 7.1 ± 1.9%. Inhibition of NO synthesis with 3.7 × 10 –6 moles/kg of N ω ‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) abolished the beneficial effects of thaliporphine during 30 min or 4 h myocardial ischemia. However, the antiarrhythmic activity and mortality reduction efficacy of thaliporphine during reperfusion after 5 min of ischemia was only partially antagonized by L‐NAME. These results showed that thaliporphine efficiently exerted the cardioprotections either in acute or prolonged coronary artery occlusion or occlusion‐reperfusion situations. The fact that thaliporphine induced cardioprotective effects were abrogated by L‐NAME indicates that NO is an important mediator for the cardioprotective effects of thaliporphine in acute or prolonged ischemia, whereas antioxidant activities may contribute to the protection of I/R injury. Drug Dev. Res. 52:446–453, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous noninvasive real-time monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance (1986)

Thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) is a noninvasive method for the estimation of left ventricular stroke volume (SV). Objections to TEB in the past have included systematic overestimation of SV and cardiac output in normals, poor correlation in absolute terms with standard cardiac output reference techniques, motion and ventilation artifacts which distorted recorded waveforms except when patients remained in apnea during measurements, and lack of a computer to yield rapid heat-to-beat quantitation of SV and cardiac output. The present study entails real-time, beat-to-beat cardiac output determinations using TEB and assessing its agreement via a digital computer against a reference standard, thermodilution. A correlation coefficient of 0.88 is reported with 85% of data points falling within 20% confidence limits on either side of the line of identity.
Intravenous immunoglobulin application following immunoadsorption: benefit or risk in patients with autoimmune diseases? (2001)

Thirty-five patients with autoimmune diseases who were on long-term immunoadsorption therapy participated in a prospective, randomized study. Results and conclusions. Infections were rare but similar in frequency in patients receiving combined immunoadsorption and intravenous immunoglobulins (intervention group, n=17, 1.3 infections per patient-year) and in a control group (n=18, 0.9 infections per patient-year) treated by immunoadsorption alone. The reduction in IgG achieved with two immunoadsorptions within 3 days was 95.0+/-2.5%. The extent of removal of pathogenic autoantibodies was similar to the removal of IGG: Substitution of immunoglobulins was not associated with an increased circulating IgG level before the following immunoadsorption. Infusion of immunoglobulins at a dose of 0.14 g/kg (interquartile range 0.12-0.16) body weight in patients in whom circulating immunoglobulins had been depleted was associated with a high incidence of serious side-effects; these necessitated the termination of treatment in 24% of the patients. No evidence was found that immunoglobulin administration had any beneficial effect with respect to autoantibody resynthesis after immunoadsorption.
Unusual frequencies of certain alternating purine‐pyrimidine runs in natural DNA sequences: relation to Z‐DNA (1985)

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic and mitochondrial DNA sequences of total Length 300 000 nucleotides have been analyzed to find out whether stretches of alternating purines and pyrimidines are unusual in terms of occurrence, composition and base sequence. Alternating runs longer than 5 nucleotides are significantly under-represented in the natural sequences as compared to random ones. Octanucleotides are the most deficient, occurring at only 60% of the frequency expected in random sequences. An unexpectedly high proportion of these octamers consists of alternating tetramers with the repeat structure (PuPyPuPy)2 or (PyPuPyPu)2. DNA stretches containing such sequences can potentially form a S1 nuclease sensitive slippage (staggered loop) structure, which might serve as a locally unstacked intermediate in the B- to Z-DNA conformational transition.
Nickel-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Isocyanates (2004)

A mild and general route for preparing 2-pyridones from isocyanates and diynes is described. Ni imidazolyidene complexes were used to mediate cyclizations between both internal and terminal diynes with aryl and alkyl isocyanates. In addition, the efficacy of this protocol allows for the preparation of a fused seven-membered pyridone and for three component cyclizations.
408. Experiments on the synthesis of rotenone and its derivatives. Part X. 6 : 7-Dimethoxychroman-4-one (1936)

H. F. Birch, A. Robertson and T. S. Subramaniam, J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 1832 DOI: 10.1039/JR9360001832
Selective Bromination of Ketones. A Convenient Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (1994)

Abstract Bromination of unsymmetrical ketones with Br2 in methanol proceeded regioselectively in good yield at the less substituted methyl carbon. The bromination of levulinic acid using this method was followed by azidation and amination to lead to an efficient three-step synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid in 36% overall yield.
Porous Coordination‐Polymer Crystals with Gated Channels Specific for Supercritical Gases (2003)

Flexible and dynamic coordination polymers based on interpenetration and interdigitation have been synthesized and characterized. Reversible crystal-to-crystal transformation from a nonporous structure (24 m2 g−1) to a microporous structure (at least 320 m2 g−1) is triggered by adsorption of various supercritical gases (see picture).
The Economic Societies in the Spanish World (1763-1821). By Robert Jones Shafer. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1958. Pp. xiii, 416. $5.00. (1959)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Doping effects of aluminium on the properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbon alloy films prepared by magnetron sputtering (1990)

Abstract Aluminium has been introduced into hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon alloy films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering, using composite targets of silicon and aluminium in a methane-argon gas mixture. The doping effects of aluminium on the structural, optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of the films were investigated. The ratio of silicon to carbon depended on the fractional aluminium content z The concentration of hydrogen bonded to silicon or carbon tended to decrease in the large-z range. These results are interpreted in terms of a gradual change in deposition process. From a thermoelectric power experiment, the type of conduction was found to change from n to p in the range of z< 1 × 10−2. Around z=1 × 10−2, the activation energy of the dark conductivity changed without changing the optical bandgap. These results indicate that doping is effective in this range of z In the large-z range, the films exhibit alloying behaviour as shown by a decrease in the optical bandgap, an increase in the dark conductivity and a quenching of photoconductivity effect.