gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On using an adaptive neural network to predict lung tumor motion during respiration for radiotherapy applications (2005)

In this study we address the problem of predicting the position of a moving lung tumor during respiration on the basis of external breathing signals—a technique used for beam gating, tracking, and other dynamic motion management techniques in radiation therapy. We demonstrate the use of neural network filters to correlate tumor position with external surrogate markers while simultaneously predicting the motion ahead in time, for situations in which neither the breathing pattern nor the correlation between moving anatomical elements is constant in time. One pancreatic cancer patient and two lung cancer patients with mid/upper lobe tumors were fluoroscopically imaged to observe tumor motion synchronously with the movement of external chest markers during free breathing. The external marker position was provided as input to a feed‐forward neural network that correlated the marker and tumor movement to predict the tumor position up to in advance. The predicted tumor position was compared to its observed position to establish the accuracy with which the filter could dynamically track tumor motion under nonstationary conditions. These results were compared to simplified linear versions of the filter. The two lung cancer patients exhibited complex respiratory behavior in which the correlation between surrogate marker and tumor position changed with each cycle of breathing. By automatically and continuously adjusting its parameters to the observations, the neural network achieved better tracking accuracy than the fixed and adaptive linear filters. Variability and instability in human respiration complicate the task of predicting tumor position from surrogate breathing signals. Our results show that adaptive signal‐processing filters can provide more accurate tumor position estimates than simpler stationary filters when presented with nonstationary breathing motion.
Analysis of <i>Dll4</i> regulation reveals a combinatorial role for Sox and Notch in arterial development (2013)

The mechanisms by which arterial fate is established and maintained are not clearly understood. Although a number of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators have been implicated in arterio-venous differentiation, none are essential for arterial formation, and the manner in which widely expressed factors may achieve arterial-specific gene regulation is unclear. Using both mouse and zebrafish models, we demonstrate here that arterial specification is regulated combinatorially by Notch signaling and SoxF transcription factors, via direct transcriptional gene activation. Through the identification and characterization of two arterial endothelial cell-specific gene enhancers for the Notch ligand Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), we show that arterial Dll4 expression requires the direct binding of both the RBPJ/Notch intracellular domain and SOXF transcription factors. Specific combinatorial, but not individual, loss of SOXF and RBPJ DNA binding ablates all Dll4 enhancer-transgene expression despite the presence of multiple functional ETS binding sites, as does knockdown of sox7;sox18 in combination with loss of Notch signaling. Furthermore, triple knockdown of sox7, sox18 and rbpj also results in ablation of endogenous dll4 expression. Fascinatingly, this combinatorial ablation leads to a loss of arterial markers and the absence of a detectable dorsal aorta, demonstrating the essential roles of SoxF and Notch, together, in the acquisition of arterial identity.
Uridine, 4-thiouridine and isomaltitol in an asthma-like model Anti-inflammatory and modulating effects (2009)

In chronic inflammatory diseases like asthma or rheumatoid arthritis, erroneous and exaggerated accumulation of leukocytes in a tissue inadvertently causes the body harm. Several efficient anti-inflammatory drugs exist, for example corticosteroids and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. However, these drugs have potent and diverse effects and often act by inhibiting events subsequent to initiation of the inflammatory response, leading to more or less severe side-effects, especially when used in high doses for long periods of time. For this reason, strategies aimed at early inhibition of recruitment and activation of leukocytes have been suggested as safer and more specific approaches to reduce inflammation. Leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium is a prerequisite to the following activation and extravasation, and takes place in the initial phase of inflammation. By using a model that allows leukocytes to adhere to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-activated endothelial cells, thus mimicking aspects of an inflammatory reaction, we found that uridine, 4-thiouridine and isomaltitol could all reduce adhesion. This suggested that they may have anti-inflammatory potential. We therefore tried the three substances in a Sephadex-induced lung inflammation model and found that uridine and 4-thiouridine have several anti-inflammatory effects, such as being able to reduce leukocyte accumulation, decrease TNF protein levels and partly inhibit the oedema induced by Sephadex. Isomaltitol turned out to have immunomodulating, rather than anti-inflammatory, effects, which could be of interest in diseases where inadequate inflammatory responses are a problem.
Study of radiation modes for 45-deg tilted fiber phase gratings (1998)

We explore the use of a tilted fiber phase grating to diffract modulated rf optical signal out of the fiber. A mathematical model based on perturbation analysis is derived and used to describe the radiation mode behavior, including scattering direction and radiation power. Simulation results for a system based on a 2-cm-long, fiber phase grating tilted 45 deg are presented.
Imaging of concealed objects on moving persons by creating synthetic aperture due to their natural motion (2017)

This paper considers a microwave screening system architecture in which inverse synthetic aperture is formed by the natural motion of the subject in the vicinity of a stationary linear antenna array. The experimental data are obtained with the described setup and the stop motion technique in which the subject's motion is imitated by a mannequin progressively driven near a linear antenna array. The microwave system is complemented with an RGB-D video sensor that provides a depth map of the probed scene. Possible ways of joint optical and radar data processing and visualization are presented. The resulting radar images illustrate how the presence of an RGB-D video sensor in the radar system may influence the requirement to the radar bandwidth.
Conformational mapping of the N‐terminal peptide of HIV‐1 gp41 in lipid detergent and aqueous environments using <sup>13</sup>C‐enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2004)

The N-terminal domain of HIV-1 glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41) participates in viral fusion processes. Here, we use physical and computational methodologies to examine the secondary structure of a peptide based on the N terminus (FP; residues 1-23) in aqueous and detergent environments. (12)C-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated greater alpha-helix for FP in lipid-detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and aqueous phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) than in only PBS. (12)C-FTIR spectra also showed disordered FP conformations in these two environments, along with substantial beta-structure for FP alone in PBS. In experiments that map conformations to specific residues, isotope-enhanced FTIR spectroscopy was performed using FP peptides labeled with (13)C-carbonyl. (13)C-FTIR results on FP in SDS at low peptide loading indicated alpha-helix (residues 5 to 16) and disordered conformations (residues 1-4). Because earlier (13)C-FTIR analysis of FP in lipid bilayers demonstrated alpha-helix for residues 1-16 at low peptide loading, the FP structure in SDS micelles only approximates that found for FP with membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations of FP in an explicit SDS micelle indicate that the fraying of the first three to four residues may be due to the FP helix moving to one end of the micelle. In PBS alone, however, electron microscopy of FP showed large fibrils, while (13)C-FTIR spectra demonstrated antiparallel beta-sheet for FP (residues 1-12), analogous to that reported for amyloid peptides. Because FP and amyloid peptides each exhibit plaque formation, alpha-helix to beta-sheet interconversion, and membrane fusion activity, amyloid and N-terminal gp41 peptides may belong to the same superfamily of proteins.
Pre-clinical toxicity evaluation of leaf-stalk extractive of Piper betle Linn. in rodents. (2000)

Studies on pre-clinical toxicity were undertaken to determine the haematological and biochemical changes after administration of alcoholic extract of leaf-stalk of P. betle in rats and mice. Acute and chronic toxicity experiments were performed on mice and rats according to WHO protocol. Different doses of plant extractive were administered for toxicity studies on short and long term basis. Haematological, biochemical profiles and enzymatic studies (transaminases and phosphatases) indicated that the drug (plant extractive) was devoid of toxicity.
Ink Jet Printing Approaches to Solar Cell Contacts (2003)

We are developing inkjet printing as a low cost, high through-put approach to the deposition of front contacts for Si solar cells. High deposition rates of 1m per printing pass were achieved with a new metalorganic ink composed of silver (trifluoroacetate) in ethylene glycol. The printing conditions were optimized to achieve a relatively high line resolution of 120 m. The optimal parameters for the piezoelectric inkjet were a pulse frequency of 50 Hz and pulse amplitude of 25 V. The best resolution and the line quality were achieved at a substrate temperature of 180 C and drop separation of 40 m.
Einleitung (1995)

Das vorliegende Buch ist ein Gemeinschaftswerk. Es ist das Resultat einer langjährigen Forschungsarbeit, deren erste Anfänge um 1986 liegen und die hiermit — nach zahlreichen anderen Publikationen — einen gewissen, allerdings nicht endgültigen, Abschluß findet. Das Thema des Buches ist die Lebensführung von Personen unter den strukturellen Bedingungen „moderner“ Gesellschaften, sein Gegenstand sind empirisch vorfindliche Arrangements alltäglicher Lebensführung bestimmter sozialer Gruppen, wie sie für die Gegenwart der Bundesrepublik typisch sind.
5-HT7 receptor activation inhibits mechanical hypersensitivity secondary to capsaicin sensitization in mice (2009)

This work aimed to evaluate the potential role of the 5-HT(7) receptor in nociception secondary to a sensitizing stimulus in mice. For this purpose, the effects of relevant ligands (5-HT(7) receptor agonists: AS-19, MSD-5a, E-55888; 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists: SB-258719, SB-269970; 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist: F-13640; 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist: WAY-100635) were assessed on capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, a pain behavior involving hypersensitivity of dorsal horn neurons (central sensitization). For the 5-HT(7) receptor agonists used, binding profile and intrinsic efficacy to stimulate cAMP formation in HEK-293F cells expressing the human 5-HT(7) receptor were also evaluated. AS-19 and E-55888 were selective for 5-HT(7) receptors. E-55888 was a full agonist whereas AS-19 and MSD-5a behaved as partial agonists, with maximal effects corresponding to 77% and 61%, respectively, of the cAMP response evoked by the full agonist 5-HT. Our in vivo results revealed that systemic administration of 5-HT(7) receptor agonists exerted a clear-cut dose-dependent antinociceptive effect that was prevented by 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists, but not by the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. The order of efficacy (E-55888>AS-19>MSD-5a) matched their in vitro efficacy as 5-HT(7) receptor agonists. Contrary to agonists, a dose-dependent promotion of mechanical hypersensitivity was observed after administration of 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists, substantiating the involvement of the 5-HT(7) receptor in the control of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that serotonin exerts an inhibitory role in the control of nociception through activation of 5-HT(7) receptors, and point to a new potential therapeutic use of 5-HT(7) receptor agonists in the field of analgesia.
A gene expression study of normal and damaged cartilage in anteromedial gonarthrosis, a phenotype of osteoarthritis (2013)

This is the first study to examine a common and consistent phenotype of OA to allow direct comparison of damaged and undamaged cartilage from within the same joint compartment. We have identified specific gene expression profiles in damaged and undamaged cartilage and have determined relevant genes and pathways in OA progression. Importantly this work also highlights the necessity for phenotypic and microanatomical characterization of cartilage in future studies of OA pathogenesis and therapeutic development.
Phase noise measurements of flexural plate wave ultrasonic sensors (2002)

The phase noise spectrum of a flexural plate wave (FPW) ultrasonic sensor has been directly measured. The typical phase noise of an FPW sensor was observed to vary as 1/f at frequencies below 60 Hz, with a 1-Hz intercept of between -90 dB and -107 dB (rad/sup 2//Hz). This level of noise is consistent with the frequency jitter that is observed when the FPW sensor is configured in an oscillator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nucleic acid related compounds. 45. A deoxygenative [1,2]-hydride shift rearrangement converting cyclic cis-diol monotosylates to inverted secondary alcohols (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid related compounds. 45. A deoxygenative [1,2]-hydride shift rearrangement converting cyclic cis-diol monotosylates to inverted secondary alcoholsFritz Hansske and Morris J. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 22, 6736–6737Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00360a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00360a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Conducting polypeptide: Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐histidinium 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethanide) (1987)

Abstract The TCNQ anion radical salt of poly(I‐histidinium) with a 1:1 stoichiometry was prepared, which exhibited some degree of crystallinity. In the salt, the helical conformation of the polycation was preserved. It showed high electrical conducivity compared to certain salts with several imidazolium derivatives.
Effects of Fuel Exposure on Physical Properties of Selected Plastics (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will present data that is the result of testing several rigid plastics by exposure to several automotive fuels.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The fuels were selected from a list of fuels that have been suggested by several customers in the automotive industries. They are representative of fuels in service today and fuels that are expected to be used in the future.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The plastics were selected because they are candidates for use in the rigid components of fuel handling systems. These plastics might be used in fuel filter housings, quick connectors, fuel rails or throttle bodies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The data are presented to provide design engineers with some of the information necessary for the design of rigid plastic components for fuel handling systems.</div>
Análise dos álcoois, ésteres e compostos carbonílicos em amostras de óleo fúsel (2001)

FUSEL OIL SAMPLES. Analysis of alcohols, esters and carbonyl compounds were performed using HRGC and HPLC techniques in samples of fusel oils from three different Brazilian alcohol distilleries. High content of isoamyl alcohol (390 g.L -1 ), isobutyl alcohol (158 g.L -1 ), ethyl alcohol (28,4 g.L -1 ), methyl alcohol (16,6 g.L -1 ) and n-propyl alcohol (11,9 g.L -1 ) were found. These compounds represent 77 8 % of the approximated weight of a liter of fusel oils. The obtained results show the feasibility of using fusel oils as low-cost raw material for the synthesis of chemicals.
Halogenation of carbazole and other aromatic compounds with hydrohalic acids and hydrogen peroxide under microwave irradiation (2004)

Novel effective application of microwave irradiation to the chlorination, bromination, and iodination of carbazole and other aromatic compounds in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide–hydrohalic acids system is described as a new environmentally benign method for the synthesis of halogenoarenes.
Inhibitory effects and actions of pentacyclic triterpenes upon glycation (2015)

Pentacyclic triterpenic compounds including asiatic, betulinic, maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid occur naturally in many herbs and plant foods. It is well known that these triterpenoids possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, recent in vitro and in vivo researches indicated that these compounds could inhibit the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The impact of these triterpenes upon the activity and protein expression of enzymes involved in polyol pathway including aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase has been examined, and positive results are reported. These studies suggest that certain triterpenes are potent anti-glycative agents, and may benefit the prevention and/or therapy of glycation-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. In this review article, the anti-glycative activity and action mode of certain triterpenes are highlighted. These information may promote the anti-glycative application of these natural compounds.
Acoustic Ray Tracing on the General-Purpose Electronic-Analog Computer (1965)

A simulation of the trajectory of underwater acoustic rays is implemented on a general-purpose electronic-analog computer. Equations defining the phenomena are summarized, assumptions are listed, and a preferred form of the equations is developed to provide maximum attainable accuracy of solution. Included are considerations of the velocity of sound as an arbitrary function of both depth and range, and the effects of reflections from both the surface and an arbitrary bottom. A complete computer diagram is presented and special circuits are described. Typical results of depth versus range are shown for varying launch depths and launch angles. A method of obtaining the difference in time required for rays leaving a common emitter at various angles to reach a common receiver is also derived. By use of perturbations, Taylor series expansions, and the method of steepest descents to insert the constraint cos θ/c = constant, the overall error in this highly sensitive computation has been reduced to 0.01 per cent or better.
Lung-Specific Expression of Adenovirus E3-14.7K in Transgenic Mice Attenuates Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Lung Inflammation and Enhances Transgene Expression (1998)

Herein, we report that the adenovirus E3-14.7K protein inhibits the inflammatory response to adenovirus in transgenic mice in which the E3-14.7K gene was selectively expressed in the respiratory epithelium, using the human surfactant protein C (SP-C) promoter. E3-14.7K mRNA and protein were detected specifically in the lungs of SPC/E3-14.7K transgenic mice. Responses of the transgenic mice to Av1Luc1, an E1-E3-deleted Ad vector encoding the luciferase reporter gene, were examined, including vector transgene expression and lung inflammation. In wild-type mice, luciferase activity declined rapidly and was lost 14 days following Av1Luc1 administration. The loss of luciferase activity was associated with pulmonary infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes. In heterozygous SPC/E3-14.7K mice, luciferase activity was increased by 7 days compared with control littermates, and pulmonary infiltration by macrophages was decreased. In homozygous (+/+) SPC/E3-14.7K mice, luciferase activity was increased 7, 14, and 21 days following administration compared with wild-type mice, and lung inflammation was markedly reduced. After Av1Luc1 administration, PCNA staining of bronchiolar and alveolar respiratory epithelial cells was decreased in SPC/E3-14.7K transgenic mice, indicating decreased epithelial cell proliferation, a finding consistent with the observed reduction in inflammation. CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte populations were only mildly altered, while humoral responses to adenoviral vectors were unchanged in the SPC/E3-14.7K mice. The E3-14.7K protein expressed selectively in respiratory epithelial cells suppresses Ad-induced pulmonary epithelial cell cytotoxicity and lung inflammation in vivo and prolongs reporter gene expression.
<i>CecC</i>, a cecropin gene expressed during metamorphosis in <i>Drosophila</i> pupae (1992)

Cecropins are antibacterial peptides, induced in insects in response to bacterial infections. In Drosophila, three cecropin genes have previously been characterized, CecA1, CecA2, and CecB, in a dense cluster at 99E on the third chromosome. From the same locus, we now describe a fourth member of the cecropin gene family, CecC, which is mainly expressed at the early pupal stage. In situ hybridization to immunized pupae show that CecC is induced in the anterior end of the larval hindgut and in other larval tissues that are undergoing histolysis. Within these other tissues it is often expressed in distinct foci that may correspond to hemocytes. A similar pattern of expression in the metamorphosing pupa is also observed for the CecA and CecB genes. Comparing the DNA sequences of the cecropin genes, a conserved region is observed about 30 bp upstream of the TATA box. It consists of three shorter motifs, two of which are reminiscent of a putative promoter element in immune protein genes from the cecropia moth.