gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of Components of the Translation Elongation Factor Complex of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> by Tandem Affinity Purification (2007)

Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of severe human malaria, responsible for over 2 million deaths annually. Of the 5,300 polypeptides predicted to control the parasite life cycle in mosquitoes and humans, 60% are of unknown function. A major challenge of malaria postgenomic biology is to understand how the 5,300 predicted proteins coexist and interact to perform the essential tasks that define the complex life cycle of the parasite. One approach to assign function to these proteins is by identifying their physiological partners. Here we describe the use of tandem affinity purification (TAP) and mass spectrometry for identification of native protein interactions and purification of protein complexes in P. falciparum. Transgenic parasites were generated which express the translation elongation factor PfEF-1beta harboring a C-terminal PTP tag which consists of the protein C epitope, a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site, and two protein A domains. Purification of PfEF-1beta-PTP from crude extracts followed by mass spectrometric analysis revealed, in addition to the tagged protein itself, the presence of the native PfEF-1beta, the G-protein PfEF-1alpha, and two new proteins that we named PfEF-1gamma and PfEF-1delta based on their homology to other eukaryotic gamma and delta translation elongation factor subunits. These data, which constitute the first application of TAP for purification of a protein complex under native conditions in P. falciparum, revealed that the translation elongation complex in this organism contains at least two subunits of PfEF-1beta. The success of this approach will set the stage for a systematic analysis of protein interactions in this important human pathogen.
On the Fly Service Composition for Local Interaction Environments (2006)

Dynamically creating new, composite services "on the fly" using existing ones in a local interaction environment (e.g. a home, meeting room, airport lounge, etc.) presents challenging problems. In this paper, we describe a middleware model for such service composition targeted, initially, to a home area network (HAN) scenario. Being able to automatically synthesize new and useful services in a HAN (or other environment) without user intervention makes the use of the network simpler and more attractive for non-expert users (e.g. home owners). We propose a service composition model which involves third-party "service providers" (SPs) in the composition process thereby allowing the discovery of services without direction from the users as to what type of service is desired. We also discuss our experiences with our initial prototype system where ontology based matching is done by the service providers and the resulting composite service is deployed as a workflow using available in-home protocols (e.g. UPnP, Jini, etc.)
Development of a distributed sensing technique using Brillouin scattering (1995)

This paper reviews the developments of a distributed strain and temperature sensing technique that uses Brillouin scattering in single-mode optical fibers. This technique is based on strain- and temperature-induced changes in the Brillouin frequency shift. Several approaches for measuring the weak Brillouin line are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data (2003)

The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in humans, and these might spread via the food to humans and cause human infection, hence the banning of growth-promoters. The actual danger seems small, and there might be disadvantages to human and to animal health. The low dosages used for growth promotion are an unquantified hazard. Although some antibiotics are used both in animals and humans, most of the resistance problem in humans has arisen from human use. Resistance can be selected in food animals, and resistant bacteria can contaminate animal-derived food, but adequate cooking destroys them. How often they colonize the human gut, and transfer resistance genes is not known. In zoonotic salmonellosis, resistance may arise in animals or humans, but human cross-infection is common. The case of campylobacter infection is less clear. The normal human faecal flora can contain resistant enterococci, but indistinguishable strains in animals and man are uncommon, possibly because most animal enterococci do not establish themselves in the human intestine. There is no correlation between the carriage of resistant enterococci of possible animal origin and human infection with resistant strains. Commensal Escherichia coli also exhibits host-animal preferences. Anti-Gram-positive growth promoters would be expected to have little effect on most Gram-negative organisms. Even if resistant pathogens do reach man, the clinical consequences of resistance may be small. The application of the 'precautionary principle' is a non-scientific approach that assumes that risk assessments will be carried out.
Transmission of multiple video channels over optical fibre (1988)

A comparison of Pulse Code, Carrier Frequency and Carrier Amplitude and Pulse Frequency Modulation techniques for the transmission of multiple channels of video over a single optical fibre is presented. Each modulation method has advantages in terms of ease of integration with existing and future networks, link lengths, number of channels and cost.
Human brain networks function in connectome-specific harmonic waves (2016)

A key characteristic of human brain activity is coherent, spatially distributed oscillations forming behaviour-dependent brain networks. However, a fundamental principle underlying these networks remains unknown. Here we report that functional networks of the human brain are predicted by harmonic patterns, ubiquitous throughout nature, steered by the anatomy of the human cerebral cortex, the human connectome. We introduce a new technique extending the Fourier basis to the human connectome. In this new frequency-specific representation of cortical activity, that we call 'connectome harmonics', oscillatory networks of the human brain at rest match harmonic wave patterns of certain frequencies. We demonstrate a neural mechanism behind the self-organization of connectome harmonics with a continuous neural field model of excitatory-inhibitory interactions on the connectome. Remarkably, the critical relation between the neural field patterns and the delicate excitation-inhibition balance fits the neurophysiological changes observed during the loss and recovery of consciousness.
Comparison of surface reactivity of CN, NH, and NH2 radicals during deposition of amorphous carbon nitride films from inductively coupled rf plasmas (2007)

The interactions of CN, NH, and NH2 radicals with carbon nitride films during inductively coupled rf plasma deposition were measured using the imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces (IRIS) technique. The surface reactivity R for each species was obtained at various gas compositions of N2∕CH4 and NH3∕CH4 and applied rf powers. R values for CN and NH radicals ranged from 0.85 to 1.0 and 0.1 to 0.2, respectively, and show very little dependence on the gas compositions and applied power. In contrast, R values for NH2 decreased from 0.6±1 to 0.2±0.1 when the CH4 fraction in the plasma was increased from 0% to 70%. The essentially 100% scatter measured for NH suggests that it does not contribute significantly to film growth in these systems. The effect of ion bombardment on the R values in these systems was analyzed by applying a dc bias to the substrate. In general, R values were found to decrease when a +200V bias was applied. Results indicate that energetic ions are important in surface production of the species studied with IRIS. The plasmas have also been characterized by mass spectrometry, including the measurements of ion energy distributions. Mechanisms for film deposition in these carbon nitride systems are discussed incorporating the authors’ gas-phase and gas-surface interface data.
On the performance of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO in 3GPP LTE downlink (2009)

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a next major step in mobile radio communications, and will be introduced as Release 8 in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The new evolution aims to reduce delays, improve spectrum flexibility and reduce cost for operators and end users [1]. To fulfil these targets, new enabling technologies need to be integrated into the current 3G radio network architectures. Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) is one of the crucial enabling technologies in the LTE system particularly in the downlink to achieve the required peak data rate. The unitary codebook based precoding technique is proposed in the standard to increase the capacity of the system. This paper presents a link level analysis of the LTE downlink and an investigation of the performance of both Single User (SU) MIMO and Multi User (MU) MIMO with codebook based unitary precoding.
Unconstrained Synthesis of Covariance Matrix for MIMO Radar Transmit Beampattern (2011)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars have many advantages over their phased-array counterparts: improved spatial resolution; better parametric identifiably and greater flexibility to design the transmit beampattern. The design of the transmit beampatterns generally requires the waveforms to have arbitrary auto- and cross-correlation properties. The correlation/covariance matrix, <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> , of the waveforms must be positive semidefinite, therefore synthesis of a desired beampattern is usually a constrained optimization problem. In this paper, to simplify the constrained optimization problem, two algorithms are proposed to synthesize the waveform covariance matrix for the desired beampattern. In the first proposed algorithm the elements of a square-root matrix of the covariance matrix <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> are parameterized using the coordinates of a hypersphere that implicitly fulfil the constraints. This yields an iterative algorithm, whose convergence speed can be increased significantly by providing good initial values. In the second algorithm the constraints and redundant information in the covariance matrix <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> are exploited to find a closed-form solution. The drawback of the second algorithm is that it may yield a pseudocovariance matrix (pseudo-CM) that is not guaranteed to be positive semidefinite. However, the pseudo-CM can be easily converted into a covariance matrix using eigenvalue decomposition and/or shrinkage methods. Moreover, a pseudo-CM can also be used to provide good initial values for the first algorithm to enable faster convergence.
Review seed biopharmaceutical cyclic peptides: From discovery to applications (2015)

Mini-proteins (or peptides) with disulfide bond/s and a cyclic backbone offer exciting opportunities for applications in medicine, as these ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides are exceptionally stable and amenable to grafting epitopes with desirable activities. Here I discuss important aspects of the discovery and applications of disulfide-bonded cyclic peptides from seeds, i.e., the trypsin inhibitor cyclotides and the preproalbumin with sunflower trypsin inhibitor-derived peptides, focusing on bioanalytical methods for and insights generated from their discovery as well as their potential use as engineering scaffolds for peptide-based drug design. The recent discovery of their precursors and processing enzymes could potentially enable in planta production of designer disulfide-bonded cyclic peptides, preferably in edible seeds, and address the demand for new biopharmaceutical peptides in a cost-effective manner.
Current Concepts: Mouse Models of Sjögren′s Syndrome (2010)

Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology which primarily targets the exocrine glands, resulting in eventual loss of secretory function. The disease can present as either primary SjS or secondary SjS, the latter of which occurs concomitantly with another autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, or primary biliary cirrhosis. Current advancements in therapeutic prevention and treatment for SjS are impeded by lack of understanding in the pathophysiological and clinical progression of the disease. Development of appropriate mouse models for both primary and secondary SjS is needed in order to advance knowledge of this disease. This paper details important features, advantages, and pitfalls of current animal models of SjS, including spontaneous, transgenic, knockout, immunization, and transplantation chimera mouse models, and emphasizes the need for a better model in representing the human SjS phenotype.
The Application of an Electromagnetic Indicator to Internal Combustion Engine Problems (1940)

I designed to produce continuous records of cyclic pressure variations have long been recognized as valuable aids to the study of internal combustion engine problems. Many instruments have been constructed and successfully used as continuous pressure indicators, but at the present time no one type has been adopted for general use by the various testing organizations interested in engine work. On the other hand, there are certain points of similarity among all types of high-speed pressure indicators. In each, some means for converting pressure variations into mechanical displacements is coupled to a second system adapted to the production of a permanent record on some material suitable for receiving a mechanical or photographic trace. The means for converting pressure changes into mechanical displacements is usually a spring-restrained piston moving in a cylinder or a diaphragm which may or may not be backed up by an auxiliary spring. Much greater choice is possible in the means used to record the displacements corresponding to pressure changes acting on the piston or diaphragm and many ingenious methods have been devised for carrying out this function. Mechanical recording arrangements of which the Maihak Indicator is typical are suitable for slow-speed engines and give good results up to some high-speed limit determined by inertia effects in the system, By careful design this upper speed limit has been extended into the region of two thousand revolutions per minute of a four-cycle engine. In some cases the range of satisfactory indicator operation has been extended by increasing the stiffness of the indicator spring and accepting the reduced deflections of the record as in the Micro-Indicator described by Collins. A second method for obtaining the high natural frequency required in the mechanical system with satisfactory record displacements is to use a comparatively stiff spring with magnification of the resultant small deflections by means of an optical system similar to that of the Midgley Optical Indicator. All indicators which record mechanically or photographically from an optical system require that the whole unit be near
Application of Rear Head Airbag to Mitigate Rear Impact Injuries (2007)

In the real world, the accident ratio of rear impact is high. The injury scheme in those accident scenarios is mainly caused by whiplash. The intrusion of the rear end of the vehicle during impact combined with movement by occupants seated on rear seats plays a significant roll. This paper discusses an airbag which deploys from the roof header along the rear window. By means of numerical simulations and tests, the mitigation of biomechanical injuries of passengers seated on rear seats during rear impact was observed. Significant occupant protection was assessed under high-speed rear-impact conditions.
The 2015 global production capacity of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine (2016)

A global shortage and inequitable access to influenza vaccines has been cause for concern for developing countries who face dire consequences in the event of a pandemic. The Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) was launched in 2006 to increase global capacity for influenza vaccine production to address these concerns. It is widely recognized that well-developed infrastructure to produce seasonal influenza vaccines leads to increased capacity to produce pandemic influenza vaccines. This article summarizes the results of a survey administered to 44 manufacturers to assess their production capacity for seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza vaccine production. When the GAP was launched in 2006, global production capacity for seasonal and pandemic vaccines was estimated to be 500million and 1.5billion doses respectively. Since 2006 there has been a significant increase in capacity, with the 2013 survey estimating global capacity at 1.5billion seasonal and 6.2billion pandemic doses. Results of the current survey showed that global seasonal influenza vaccine production capacity has decreased since 2013 from 1.504billion doses to 1.467billion doses. However, notwithstanding the overall global decrease in seasonal vaccine capacity there were notable positive changes in the distribution of production capacity with increases noted in South East Asia (SEAR) and the Western Pacific (WPR) regions, albeit on a small scale. Despite a decrease in seasonal capacity, there has been a global increase of pandemic influenza vaccine production capacity from 6.2 billion doses in 2013 to 6.4 billion doses in 2015. This growth can be attributed to a shift towards more quadrivalent vaccine production and also to increased use of adjuvants. Pandemic influenza vaccine production capacity is at its highest recorded levels however challenges remain in maintaining this capacity and in ensuring access in the event of a pandemic to underserved regions.
Engineering of a Synthetic Metabolic Pathway for the Assimilation of (<scp>d</scp>)-Xylose into Value-Added Chemicals (2015)

A synthetic pathway for (d)-xylose assimilation was stoichiometrically evaluated and implemented in Escherichia coli strains. The pathway proceeds via isomerization of (d)-xylose to (d)-xylulose, phosphorylation of (d)-xylulose to obtain (d)-xylulose-1-phosphate (X1P), and aldolytic cleavage of the latter to yield glycolaldehyde and DHAP. Stoichiometric analyses showed that this pathway provides access to ethylene glycol with a theoretical molar yield of 1. Alternatively, both glycolaldehyde and DHAP can be converted to glycolic acid with a theoretical yield that is 20% higher than for the exclusive production of this acid via the glyoxylate shunt. Simultaneous expression of xylulose-1 kinase and X1P aldolase activities, provided by human ketohexokinase-C and human aldolase-B, respectively, restored growth of a (d)-xylulose-5-kinase mutant on xylose. This strain produced ethylene glycol as the major metabolic endproduct. Metabolic engineering provided strains that assimilated the entire C2 fraction into the central metabolism or that produced 4.3 g/L glycolic acid at a molar yield of 0.9 in shake flasks.
Long-Term Structural and Functional Effects of Autologous Muscle Precursor Cell Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Urinary Sphincter Deficiency (2013)

Injected skeletal muscle progenitor cells incorporated into the injured sphincter complex resulted in long-term structural and functional restoration of the injured sphincter complex in this nonhuman primate model.
Increasing the intestinal resistance of rats to the invasive pathogen Salmonella enteritidis: additive effects of dietary lactulose and calcium. (1997)

Extra calcium phosphate added to a lactulose diet improves the resistance to colonisation and translocation of S enteritidis. This is probably mediated by a calcium induced stimulation of lactulose fermentation by the intestinal microflora and reversion of the lactulose mediated increased luminal cytotoxicity, which reduces damage inflicted on the intestinal mucosa.
Platelet 12-lipoxygenase and stem cells in Barrett’s esophagus (2010)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has shown a significant increase in incidence in recent years. It is thought that the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), followed by columnar-lined esophagus and the development of dysplasia, leads to invasive adenocarcinoma. The exact pathogenesis of this process, the diagnosis and differentiation of the metaplastic and dysplastic esophageal lesions have yet to be determined. The purpose of this immunohistochemical study was to investigate the expression of pro-tumorigenic enzyme platelet 12-lipoxygenase (p12LOX) using two new available antibodies in non-dysplastic and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. The stem cell markers nestin, CD117 and CD44, were then evaluated. The comparative group included GERD carditis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and colorectal adenoma. The overexpression of p12LOX detected by two specific antibodies in the non-dysplastic and dysplastic Barrett's mucosa clearly demonstrated that this enzyme plays an important role in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Unattended ground sensor related technologies: an Army perspective (2002)

The United States Army has embarked on a revolutionary transformation path towards a future, general purpose Objective Force that is strategically responsive and dominant across the entire spectrum of military operations. Key to the success of the Objective Force will be the ability to generate unprecedented battlespace understanding and situational awareness. A layered surveillance approach, one that relies on a full range of sensor assets from all echelons, is required to paint a battlespace piocture of sufficient fidelity. The Army's science and technology program continues to research and develop promising unattended ground sensor technologies that support Army transformation objectives.
Suicide in Japan (2005)

This article introduces the reader to present conditions and suicide prevention measures in Japan. The suicide rate has increased gradually since the early 1990s, reaching a postwar peak in 1998. The number of suicides has remained at about 30,000 every year since 1998. Middle-aged (55-59 years) and elderly men have especially high suicide rates. In 2002, The Council of Learned People on Measures Against Suicides (organized by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) released its report on national suicide prevention strategies. Although national suicide prevention strategies have just begun to be established, some prefectures or regions have undertaken unique suicide prevention measures.