gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hindered rotation in hexasubstituted guanidine salts (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHindered rotation in hexasubstituted guanidine saltsAngelo V. Santoro and Grace MickeviciusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1, 117–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01315a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01315a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Power Ternary Content-Addressable Memory Design Using a Segmented Match Line (2008)

Power consumption in match lines is the most critical issue for low-power ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) designs. In the proposed match-line architecture, the match line in each TCAM word is partitioned into four segments and is selectively pre-charged to reduce the match-line power consumption. The partially charged match lines are evaluated to determine the final comparison result by sharing the charges deposited in various parts of the partitioned segments. This arrangement reduces the match-line power consumption by reducing effective capacitor loading and voltage swing at match lines. The segmented architecture also enhances operational speed by evaluating multiple segments in parallel and by overlapping the pre-charging and evaluation stages. 512 times 72 TCAM is designed using 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The extracted <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> values are used to show the power reduction benefits. The sample design demonstrated that the match-line power consumption using a segmented match line was conservatively 44% of that produced by traditional parallel TCAM. The power savings by segmenting match lines can be up to 41% over a low-voltage swing technique due to the independent discharge capability in segmented match-line architecture.
Cardiovascular stability during haemodialysis, haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration (2000)

Several comparative studies have claimed that procedures based substantially or exclusively on pressure-driven water-solute transport, such as haemodiafiltration or haemofiltration, afford better protection of the cardiovascular tolerance to fluid removal than conventional haemodialysis. During each depurative modality, several factors are set in motion that might impact, each in its own right, upon the haemodynamic response to fluid withdrawal. To explore the haemodynamic effect of each of them singularly, one needs to keep all other components unvaried. However, this is very difficult to accomplish. For instance, to confirm the alleged greater protection of cardiovascular stability by pure convection vs diffusion, one needs to keep unvaried all the other factors potentially affecting haemodynamic tolerance, i.e. the rate of body fluid removal, the membrane, the buffer, the blood temperature in the extracorporeal circuit, depuration efficiency, the sodium balance, the fluid sterility and so on. Such studies are still awaited. However, clinical trials published to date have not resolved the question of whether haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration provide a better haemodynamic tolerance to fluid removal. If we limit our consideration to controlled trials only, most prospective studies have adopted a cross-over design implemented on very small patient samples and for very short periods. Such an approach is liable to generate misleading results because the incidence of dialysis hypotension often fluctuates from time to time. Owing to such fluctuations, results can be strongly affected by the 'order effect' of the cross-over from one technique to the other. The negative results provided by parallel comparisons of procedures should be taken with caution because patients samples did not include a suitable proportion of unstable patients.
ANALOG EMULATION USING A RECONFIGURABLE CLASSICAL GENERATOR MODEL FOR LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS (2005)

Abstract – This paper is concerned with the develop-ment of a generator model using analog circuits for load flow emulation. Using analog emulation for power system analysis allows for reduction in computation time com-pared to currently used numerical methods. The proposed generator model will include reconfigurable parameters using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The design is capable of reconfiguring system parameters and emulating load flow calculations. The circuit module currently being developed will be used with other recon-figurable circuits, i.e. transmission lines and loads.
The EnzymeTracker: an open-source laboratory information management system for sample tracking (2012)

In many laboratories, researchers store experimental data on their own workstation using spreadsheets. However, this approach poses a number of problems, ranging from sharing issues to inefficient data-mining. Standard spreadsheets are also error-prone, as data do not undergo any validation process. To overcome spreadsheets inherent limitations, a number of proprietary systems have been developed, which laboratories need to pay expensive license fees for. Those costs are usually prohibitive for most laboratories and prevent scientists from benefiting from more sophisticated data management systems. In this paper, we propose the EnzymeTracker, a web-based laboratory information management system for sample tracking, as an open-source and flexible alternative that aims at facilitating entry, mining and sharing of experimental biological data. The EnzymeTracker features online spreadsheets and tools for monitoring numerous experiments conducted by several collaborators to identify and characterize samples. It also provides libraries of shared data such as protocols, and administration tools for data access control using OpenID and user/team management. Our system relies on a database management system for efficient data indexing and management and a user-friendly AJAX interface that can be accessed over the Internet. The EnzymeTracker facilitates data entry by dynamically suggesting entries and providing smart data-mining tools to effectively retrieve data. Our system features a number of tools to visualize and annotate experimental data, and export highly customizable reports. It also supports QR matrix barcoding to facilitate sample tracking. The EnzymeTracker was designed to be easy to use and offers many benefits over spreadsheets, thus presenting the characteristics required to facilitate acceptance by the scientific community. It has been successfully used for 20 months on a daily basis by over 50 scientists. The EnzymeTracker is freely available online at http://cubique.fungalgenomics.ca/enzymedb/index.html under the GNU GPLv3 license.
Rapid Analysis Method for Paraquat and Diquat in the Serum Using Ion-Pair High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2005)

In the present study, by using IPCC-MS3 (GL Sciences Inc. Tokyo, Japan) as the counter-ion in the mobile phase, we established a simple, quick method of analysis that separated and quantified paraquat and diquat on an ODS column by introducing the deproteinized serum sample directly into HPLC. The calibration curve of paraquat and diquat detected at UV 290 nm showed good linearity when the concentration of the injected sample was in the range 0.1-10.0 microg/ml. The detection limit was 0.05 microg/ml, and the mean recoveries (n=5) added 1.0 microg/ml each of paraquat and diquat to standard serum were 87.5% and 89.1%, respectively, while the RSD were 4.52% and 3.85%. All of these were good results, and the time taken for one analysis was less than 30 min. As a result of employing this analytical method for the analyses in four cases of acute poisoning, it was possible to decide promptly on treatment approaches for all of the present cases.
MICs of rifampicin and chloramphenicol for mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are lower when human lactoferrin is present (1997)

MlCs of rifampicin and chloramphenicol for mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were lower in the presence of human lactoferrin (0.9 mg/mL, the concentration found in cystic fibrosis sputum) than in its absence. MICs for some strains were lowered to clinically achievable levels of the antibiotics, which is compatible with impressions of greater clinical efficacy in pseudomonas infections than would be predicted by standard sensitivity tests. The routine addition of lactoferrin to sensitivity media for testing of cystic fibrosis isolates may give more useful results than conventional tests as in-vivo conditions are more closely simulated.
Association of a protein structure of probable membrane derivation with HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA near its origin of replication. (1977)

Almost all (about 95%) of the mitochondrial DNA molecules released by Triton X-100 lysis of HeLa cell mitochondria in the presence of 0.15 M salt are associated with a single protein-containing structure varying in appearance between a 10-20 nm knob and a 100-500 nm membrane-like patch. Analysis by high resolution electron microscopy and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after cleavage of mitochondrial DNA with the endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII, and Hpa II has shown that the protein structure is attached to the DNA in the region of the D-loop, and probably near the origin of mitochondrial DNA replication. The data strongly suggest that HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA is attached in vivo to the inner mitochondrial membrane at or near the origin of replication, and that a membrane fragment of variable size remains associated with the DNA during the isolation. After sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction of mitochondrial DNA, a small 5-10 nm protein is found at the same site on a fraction of the mitochondrial DNA molecules.
Vorbemerkung — Warum Kundenclubs heute so wichtig sind! (2004)

Die Orientierung hin zu innovativen und leistungsstarken Kundenbindungssystemen erfolgte in Deutschland in verschiedenen Stufen. Ab 1985 wurde in der Kundenansprache zum ersten Mal auf breiterer Basis der Schwerpunkt auf den Aufbau von Kundenzufriedenheit gelegt. Über erste Kundenbefragungen und Fokusgruppen wurde der Dialog mit den Kunden aufgenommen, um die Angebote der Unternehmen stärker auf die Interessen der Zielgruppe auszurichten (vgl. Abbildung 1).
Foramen magnum cerebrospinal fluid flow characteristics in children with Chiari I malformation before and after craniocervical decompression (2004)

Foramen magnum CSF flow in children with symptomatic Chiari I malformations is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity improves postoperatively. The authors propose that relying on mean flow parameters in patients with Chiari I malformation is no longer sufficient; instead, more elaborate techniques to analyze foramen magnum CSF flow have become necessary.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN V4 STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AS A VACCINE BY SPRAY, AEROSOL AND DRINKING WATER ADMINISTRATION (1981)

An Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for used as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. Haemagglutination inhibition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. Aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. No respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. Chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully protected when challenged at 5, 7 and 11 weeks of age with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Mortality of 10 to 30 per cent was observed in chickens vaccinated by drinking water and intranasally following challenge.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON A FLOW FIELD IN AN OPEN CHANNEL WITH GRADUALLY VARIED BED SLOPE (1990)

The flow in an open channel with the non-uniformly sloping bed represents the complicated flow pattern, and the feature of the flows are made clear by the experiments. The following 3 types of flows can be observed: I) the super-critical flow, II) the subcritical flow, and III) the transitional flow with the undular jump. A distinct inner turbulent boundary layer can be observed for each type of flow.It is important to analyze the flow pattern in the case II) practically. The velocity distribution near the bed follows the 1/n-th power law even in such cases. The bed shear stress can be estimated by turbulent boundary layer equation, and the distribution of vorticity along the stream bed can be estimated by using the power law of velocity distribution.Consequently, the numerical simulation model based on the above facts is proposed by using the rotational form of Navier-Stokes equation.
Wideband LNA With an Active -C Element (2012)

This letter discusses a wideband inductorless low-noise amplifier (LNA) that incorporates a new active -C element, which draws 170 μA of current. A 10 MHz-2.8 GHz proof-of-concept LNA in 65 nm CMOS is proposed. The LNA itself is power- and noise- matched and achieves noise figures as low as 1 dB, voltage gain of 32 dB and IIP3 of - 13.6 dBm.
Two‐Dimensional Flow of Power Law Fluids in the Inlet Length of a Straight Channel II (1964)

Abstract The use of two fourth degree velocity profiles in the integration of boundary layer equations by Kármán‐Pohlhausen 's method for the inlet length of a straight channel has been studied and for both profiles, the inlet length, the velocity profiles in the inlet length and the pressure drop upto any point in the channel have been obtained.
Toxic Side Effects of Drugs Used to Treat Chagas’ Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) (2006)

Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an endemic parasitic disease in some areas of Latin America. About 16-18 million persons are infected with the aetiological agent of the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and more than 100 million are living at risk of infection. There are different modes of infection: (1) via blood sucking vector insects infected with T. cruzi, accounting for 80-90% of transmission of the disease; (2) via blood transfusion or congenital transmission, accounting for 0.5-8% of transmission; (3) other less common forms of infection, eg, from infected food or drinks or via infected organs used in transplants. The acute phase of the disease can last from weeks to months and typically is asymptomatic or associated with fever and other mild nonspecific manifestations. However, life-threatening myocarditis or meningoencephalitis can occur during the acute phase. The death rate for persons in this phase is about 10%. Approximately 10-50% of the survivors develop chronic Chagas' disease, which is characterized by potentially lethal cardiopathy and megacolon or megaoesophagus. There are two drugs available for the aetiological treatment of Chagas' disease: nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole (Bz). Nfx is a nitrofurane and Bz is a nitroimidazole compound. The use of these drugs to treat the acute phase of the disease is widely accepted. However, their use in the treatment of the chronic phase is controversial. The undesirable side effects of both drugs are a major drawback in their use, frequently forcing the physician to stop treatment. The most frequent adverse effects observed in the use of Nfx are: anorexia, loss of weight, psychic alterations, excitability, sleepiness, digestive manifestations such as nausea or vomiting, and occasionally intestinal colic and diarrhoea. In the case of Bz, skin manifestations are the most notorious (e.g., hypersensitivity, dermatitis with cutaneous eruptions, generalized oedema, fever, lymphoadenopathy, articular and muscular pain), with depression of bone marrow, thrombocytopenic purpura and agranulocytosis being the more severe manifestations. Experimental toxicity studies with Nfx evidenced neurotoxicity, testicular damage, ovarian toxicity, and deleterious effects in adrenal, colon, oesophageal and mammary tissue. In the case of Bz, deleterious effects were observed in adrenals, colon and oesophagus. Bz also inhibits the metabolism of several xenobiotics biotransformed by the cytochrome P450 system and its reactive metabolites react with fetal components in vivo. Both drugs exhibited significant mutagenic effects and were shown to be tumorigenic or carcinogenic in some studies. The toxic side effects of both nitroheterocyclic derivatives require enzymatic reduction of their nitro group. Those processes are fundamentally mediated by cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome P450. Other enzymes such as xanthine oxidoreductase or aldehyde oxidase may also be involved.
A model-based approach for assessing<i>in vivo</i>combination therapy interactions (1999)

We present an approach for evaluating the efficacy of combination antitumor agent schedules that accounts for order and timing of drug administration. Our model-based approach compares in vivo tumor volume data over a time course and offers a quantitative definition for additivity of drug effects, relative to which synergism and antagonism are interpreted. We begin by fitting data from individual mice receiving at most one drug to a differential equation tumor growth/drug effect model and combine individual parameter estimates to obtain population statistics. Using two null hypotheses: (i) combination therapy is consistent with additivity or (ii) combination therapy is equivalent to treating with the more effective single agent alone, we compute predicted tumor growth trajectories and their distribution for combination treated animals. We illustrate this approach by comparing entire observed and expected tumor volume trajectories for a data set in which HER-2/neu-overexpressing MCF-7 human breast cancer xenografts are treated with a humanized, anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb HER-2), doxorubicin, or one of five proposed combination therapy schedules.
Optogenetic skeletal muscle-powered adaptive biological machines (2016)

Complex biological systems sense, process, and respond to their surroundings in real time. The ability of such systems to adapt their behavioral response to suit a range of dynamic environmental signals motivates the use of biological materials for other engineering applications. As a step toward forward engineering biological machines (bio-bots) capable of nonnatural functional behaviors, we created a modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator that can generate up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus. When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, these actuators drive directional locomotion (310 µm/s or 1.3 body lengths/min) and 2D rotational steering (2°/s) in a precisely targeted and controllable manner. The muscle actuators dynamically adapt to their surroundings by adjusting performance in response to "exercise" training stimuli. This demonstration sets the stage for developing multicellular bio-integrated machines and systems for a range of applications.
A Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Normal Mammary Gland during Menopause: Enhanced Proliferative Response to Estrogen in Late Postmenopausal Mice* (1999)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen alleviates menopausal symptoms and is effective in reducing osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease when taken in early postmenopause. Older, late postmenopausal women who never previously received HRT are also believed to benefit from estrogen treatment. On the other hand, increased lifetime exposure of the mammary gland to estrogen may increase the risk of breast cancer. The development of suitable experimental animal model systems can advance our understanding of the effects of estrogen and the timing of HRT on the postmenopausal breast. Toward this end, early and late postmenopausal states were induced in mice by short vs. long term ovariectomy (1 vs. 5 weeks), and the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E) on mammary gland morphology, cell proliferation, and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were investigated. We report that in late postmenopausal mice, E caused a pronounced enlargement of duct ends and 6.5- and 4-fold greater mitogenic responses in the duct end epithelium and adjacent stromal cells, respectively, compared with the response in early postmenopausal mice. Furthermore, after long term, daily treatment with E, steady state levels of proliferation remained 2-fold higher than those of similarly treated, early postmenopausal mice. E failed to increase mammary PR levels in late postmenopausal, but not in early postmenopausal mice. Stimulation of duct ends by E and lack of PR inducibility are characteristics of the immature pubertal mammary gland and indicate that the late postmenopausal mammary gland resembled the immature state. In contrast, minimal E-induced proliferation and increased PR inducibility, characteristics of the adult, sexually mature mammary gland, were retained in early postmenopausal mice. The lack of difference in the numbers of estrogen receptor-positive epithelial or stromal cells or in estrogen receptor cellular concentration after short vs. long term ovariectomy indicates that the observed greater efficacy of E is mediated at a step beyond receptor-ligand binding. This mouse model of experimentally induced early vs. late postmenopausal states should prove useful in better understanding alterations in hormone responsiveness and their implications for timing of HRT on the human breast.
Genetic Transformation of Bacteroides spp. Using Electroporation (2003)

The greatest progress in development of methods for genetic manipulation of obligate anaerobic bacteria has been with the Bacteroides and Clostridium, which have become the model systems for gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes, respectively. Advancement in the design of genetic systems for use with Bacteroides has followed a predictable pathway. These are predominant members of the gastrointestinal tract microflora of mammals, but many species also can be significant opportunistic pathogens. As pathogens, the Bacteroides are difficult to treat because of inherent resistance to many commonly used antibiotics and because of acquired resistance to some of the currently effective drugs. Thus, much of the work on Bacteroides genetics focused on analysis of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants, and these resistance elements have in turn provided many of the plasmids and selective markers used in the development of Bacteroides genetics (1–3). It is important to note that the Bacteroides antibiotic resistance elements are in fact required components of genetic tools used in these organisms, because few if any genes or plasmids from other bacterial species function in the Bacteroides (4).
4 Gbit/s PSK Homodyne Transmission System Using Phase-Locked Semiconductor Lasers (1990)

Among techniques for coherent detection of optical signals, homodyne offers the advantages of high channel packing density, minimum required receiver bandwidth, reduced receiver thermal noise, and linear demodulation. Homodyne detection of phase-shift-keyed (PSK) signals yields, in theory, the highest sensitivity of any binary signaling technique employing single-bit decisions. We report here an experimental pilot-carrier BPSK homodyne system that has allowed detection of 4 Gbit/s data with record sensitivity.