gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kerberized credential translation: a solution to web access control (2001)

Kerberos, a widely used network authentication mechanism, is integrated into numerous applications, UNIX and Windows 2000 login, AFS, Telnet, and SSH to name a few. Yet, Web applications rely on SSL to achieve authenticated and secure connections. SSL provides strong authentication by using certificates and public key challenge response authentication. The expansion of the Internet requires each system to leverage the strength of the other, which suggests the necessity of interoperability between them. This paper describes the design, implementation and performance of a system that provides controlled access to Kerberized services through a browser. This system provides a single sign-on through Kerberos, which produces both Kerberos and public key credentials. The Web server uses a plugin that translates user&apos;s public key credentials to Kerberos credentials. The Web server&apos;s subsequent authenticated actions taken on a user&apos;s behalf are limited in time and scope. Performance mea...
Selecting a working fluid to increase the efficiency and flow rate of an EHD pump (1990)

The ultimate flow rate and velocity of an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump with a given length and depth are determined by the material properties of the working fluid. High dielectric constant, and low viscosity lead to high flow velocities, while low conductivity and mobility promote high efficiency. A fundamental model of EHD pumping is formulated to account for the material properties of the working fluid, and is applied to several experimental pumps reported earlier, with generally good agreement. An example of the use of this model to select a working fluid for a typical pump suggests several new liquids suitable for EHD pumping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Is the US Fiscal Deficit Sustainable? A Fractionally Integrated and Cointegrated Approach (2002)

The sustainability of fiscal deficits has received in recent years increasing attention from economists. Empirical work has concentrated on both the univariate properties of debt and the cointegration properties of public revenues and expenditures. In this paper, we examine if sustainability of the US fiscal deficit holds by means of studying the univariate properties of the difference between public revenues and expenditures. However, instead of using classical approaches based on I(1) or I(0) integration techniques, we use a methodology based on fractional processes. The results show that the public deficit in the US is an I(d) process with d slightly smaller than 1, implying that fiscal deficit is mean reverting, and thus, sustainable, though the adjustment process towards equilibrium will take a very long time.
A robust proportionate affine projection algorithm for network echo cancellation (2002)

Echo cancelers which cover longer impulse responses (/spl ges/64 ms) are desirable. Long responses create a need for more rapidly converging algorithms in order to meet the specifications for network echo cancelers devised by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union). In general, faster convergence implies a higher sensitivity to near-end disturbances, especially "double-talk." Previously, a fast converging algorithm called the proportionate NLMS (normalized least mean squares) algorithm (PNLMS) has been proposed. This algorithm exploits the sparseness of the echo path in order to increase the convergence rate. A robust version of PNLMS has also been presented which combines a double-talk detector with techniques from robust statistics to make the algorithm insensitive to double-talk. This paper presents a generalization of the robust PNLMS algorithm to a robust proportionate aAffine projection algorithm (APA) called PAPA that converges very fast.
Available Potential Energy and the Maintenance of the General Circulation (1955)

The available potential energy of the atmosphere may be defined as the difference between the total potential energy and the minimum total potential energy which could result from any adiabatic redistribution of mass. It vanishes if the density stratification is horizontal and statically stable everywhere, and is positive otherwise. It is measured approximately by a weighted vertical average of the horizontal variance of temperature. In magnitude it is generally about ten times the total kinetic energy, but less than one per cent of the total potential energy. Under adiabatic flow the sum of the available potential energy and the kinetic energy is conserved, but large increases in available potential energy are usually accompanied by increases in kinetic energy, and therefore involve nonadiabatic effects. Available potential energy may be partitioned into zonal and eddy energy by an analysis of variance of the temperature field. The zonal form may be converted into the eddy form by an eddy-transport of sensible heat toward colder latitudes, while each form may be converted into the corresponding form of kinetic energy. The general circulation is characterized by a conversion of zonal available potential energy, which is generated by low-latitude heating and high-latitude cooling, to eddy available potential energy, to eddy kinetic energy, to zonal kinetic energy.
dsp tips & tricks - Direct digital synthesis: a tool for periodic wave generation (part 2) (2004)

Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a useful tool for generating periodic waveforms. In this two-part article, the basic idea of this synthesis technique is presented and then focused on the quality of the sinewave a DDS can create, introducing the SFDR quality parameter. Next effective methods to increase the SFDR are presented through sinewave approximations, hardware schemes such as dithering and noise shaping, and an extensive list of reference. When the desired output is a digital signal, the signal's characteristics can be accurately predicted using the formulas given in this article. When the desired output is an analog signal, the reader should keep in mind that the performance of the DDS is eventually limited by the performance of the digital-to-analog converter and the follow-on analog filter. Hoping that this article would incite engineers to use DDS either in integrated circuits DDS or software-implemented DDS. From the author's experience, this technique has proven valuable when frequency resolution is the challenge, particularly when using low-cost microcontrollers.
Genetic Typing by Capillary Electrophoresis with the Allelic Ladder as an Absolute Standard (1996)

We demonstrate a genetic typing method based on capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). VNTR polymorphism in the human D1S80 locus was studied. A pooled allelic ladder, which contains the 27 most common human alleles, was used as the absolute standard. Extracted genomic DNA from an individual was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Typing can be accomplished by co-injection of the PCR product and the D1S80 ladder and then running CE. Separation by a polymer solution of poly(ethylene oxide) in uncoated fused-silica capillaries allows high-resolution, repeated runs in the same capillary. Sensitive detection with minimal sample preparation is possible by using ethidium bromide as the intercalating dye. Statistical analysis of the data indicates a high level of confidence in matching the bands despite variations in the injection process or in the CE system. Future adaptation to a multiple-capillary array system should allow high-speed, high-throughput operation.
Ginseng Extract Enhances Anti-cancer Effect of Cytarabine on Human Acute Leukemia Cells (2015)

Ginseng as a traditional medicine is well known to exhibit various pharmacological effects. Ginsenoside Rg3 is the active ingredient extracted from ginseng. The pharmacological modulatory effects of Rg3 on multidrug resistant cancer cells are reported in the present study. Cytarabine is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute leukemia. However, this compound has serious side effects at high doses, for example hematopoiesis depression. In this study, using hl60 human leukemia cells, we investigated the possible synergistic anti-cancer effects between ginseng extract Rg3 and cytarabine on acute myeloid leukemia cells. Results of this study demonstrate that Rg3 can enhance the anti-proliferation effect of cytarabine on hl60 cells and may decrease the dosage of cytarabine needed for acute myeloid leukemia treatment.
Transfer matrix of conical waveguides with any geometric parameters for increased precision in computer modeling (2007)

The existing formula for the transfer matrix of conical elements assumes constant wave number, which is only valid for sufficiently short conical elements. In acoustic waveguides, the phase velocity, attenuation constant, and hence complex wave number depend on frequency and cross-section radius. As for conical waveguides, the cross-section radius is position dependent, the transfer matrix must allow for a position-dependent wave number. Taking this into account, this letter presents an analytic derivation of the transfer matrix for conical waveguides with any geometric parameters, which can be utilized to improve the method of computer modeling of complex waveguides.
Systems Formed by Certain Inorganic Compounds with Liquid Sulphur Dioxide (1925)

The solubility relationships of the liquid tetrahalide compounds with sulphur dioxide are investigated. Tin tetrabromide, carbon tetrachloride, and titanium tetrachloride all give binary liquid systems at certain temperatures and concentrations. Tin tetrachloride normally shows the solid liquid solubility effect, but mixtures can be supercooled to give a metastable binary liquid system. Tin tetraiodide shows ordinary solid liquid solubility effect with probable compound formation. The temperature-composition diagrams are presented and discussed. Methods are developed for handling these compounds, which hydrolyze easily in ordinary air. Theoretical aspects of the problem are now under consideration.
Mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene causing hereditary tyrosinemia type I: Overview (1997)

Tyrosinemia type I is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in the last enzyme of the tyrosine catabolic pathway, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). The disease has been reported worldwide with varying incidence. Recently, there has been considerable progress in identifying mutations in the FAH gene. At present 26 mutations have been reported, all consisting of single base substitutions resulting in 16 amino acid replacements, one silent mutation causing a splicing defect, five nonsense codons, and four putative splicing defects. The location of these mutations is spread over the entire FAH gene, with a particular clustering between amino acid residues 230 and 250. The identification of these mutations in subpopulations and groups at high risk should help in the diagnosis of, and genetic counseling for, HT1. We describe all these 26 mutations reported so far and their implication in diagnosis and carrier detection.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XVIII. Lithiation as a route to 2‐ and 3‐substituted thieno[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyridines (1974)

Abstract Treatment of thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine (1a) with n ‐butyllithium in hexane‐tetramethylethylene‐diamine at −70° plus subsequent addition of dimethylformamide produced 2‐formyl‐Ia (66%). Halogen‐metal exchange between 3‐bromothieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine and n ‐butyllithium was effected in ether at −70. Further reaction of the 3‐lithio‐Ia intermediate with a variety of carbonyl compounds gave 3‐substituted thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridines bearing formyl (77%), acetyl, benzoyl, chloroacetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N ‐phenylcarbamyl, and diphenyl hydroxymethyl groups. Common characteristics of these derivatives in pmr and mass spectra are noted.
Pharmacological Modulation of Nitric Oxide Release: New Pharmacological Perspectives, Potential Benefits and Risks (2009)

Nitric oxide is becoming an increasingly important signalling molecule implicated in a growing number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, with the recent advances in nitric oxide biochemistry, many well known drugs have been shown to act totally or partially by modulating NO metabolism with varying therapeutic results. The classic organic nitrates have been shown to exhibit beneficial therapeutic but suffer from some well known pitfalls (tolerability induction, abrupt cephalea and hypotension). Similarly, sydnonimines, another well known class of NO donor drugs, have a characteristically low therapeutic index (i.e., cyanide toxicity). At present, pharmacological researchers are designing and synthesising various chemical compounds capable of modulating NO metabolism for therapeutic purposes that also possess an optimal therapeutic index. Specifically, various new classes of NO donors are under intense pharmacological investigation (such as S-nitrosothiols, diazeniumdiolates, furoxans, zeolites and so on), each characterised by a particular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. To known the pharmacological development of these new NO donor drugs could help to ameliorate the use of these molecules in various therapeutic protocols. In fact, the pharmacologically modulated nitric oxide release showed to have an important therapeutic impact in the treatment of diseases such as arteriopathies, various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and several degenerative diseases. At present, the most important obstacle in the field of new NO donor drugs seems to be carefully targeting NO release to a particular tissue at an optimal concentration, so as to achieve a beneficial action and to limit possible toxic effects.
Self-aligned modulation-doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs field-effect transistors (1984)

The first modulation-doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs field-effect transistors (MODFET's) have been fabricated using a self-aligned ion-implantation process. Measured extrinsic transconductances of 190 mS/mm were achieved at 300 K with source resistances of 1 Ω.mm. The highest currents yet reported for such device structures, in excess of 350 mA/mm, were obtained. A value of the maximum two-dimensional electron gas concentration of nearly 1.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> was obtained from an analysis of the FET drain current-voltage characteristics using the charge-control model. These results hold promise for the practical fabrication of very high speed integrated circuits based on MODFET's, using a completely planar self-aligned ion-implantation process.
Characterization of a novel inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α, pyrrophenone (2002)

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), one of the three subtypes of cPLA2 (α, β and γ), is thought to be a rate-limiting enzyme in eicosanoid biosynthesis. We developed a novel and potent cPLA2α inhibitor with an optically active pyrrolidine, termed pyrrophenone, and characterized this compound in detail using enzyme and cellular assay systems. Pyrrophenone, which shows strong inhibition of cPLA2α activity, is one of the most potent cPLA2α inhibitors reported to date. Similar inhibitory potencies for cPLA2α were obtained from three different assays. The inhibitory activity of pyrrophenone is two or three orders of magnitude more potent than arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) under the same assay conditions. Pyrrophenone shows reversible inhibition of cPLA2α and displays no characteristics of the slow-binding inhibition observed for AACOCF3. Pyrrophenone also inhibited the esterase and lysophospholipase activities of cPLA2α. However, the inhibition by pyrrophenone of 14kDa secretory PLA2s, types IB and IIA, was over two orders of magnitude less potent than that for cPLA2α. Pyrrophenone strongly inhibited arachidonic acid release in calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated human monocytic cells (THP-1 cells) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.024μM, followed by suppression of eicosanoid synthesis, and also showed dose-dependent inhibition for interleukin-1-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis in human renal mesangial cells with an IC50 value of 0.0081μM. The mechanism of inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis in these cell-based assays was due to inhibition of only one step of arachidonic acid release without any effect on cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase pathways. These results suggest that pyrrophenone could be a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
Relational lenses (2006)

We propose a novel approach to the classical view update problem. The view update problem arises from the fact that modifications to a database view may not correspond uniquely to modifications on the underlying database; we need a means of determining an "update policy" that guides how view updates are reflected in the database. Our approach is to define a bi-directional query language, in which every expression can be read bot(from left to right) as a view definition and (from right to left) as an update policy. The primitives of this language are based on standard relational operators. Its type system, which includes record-level predicates and functional dependencies, plays a crucial role in guaranteeing that update policies are well-behaved, in a precise sense, and that they are total—i.e., able to handle arbitrary changes to the view.
Hydrant Safety Belt Keeps Caps in Place (1984)

A safety belt designed to prevent hydrant cap blowoff is illustrated in this article. The device, which consists of metal plates connected to a link chain, can be constructed for approximately $20.
Display-Independent 3D-TV Production and Delivery Using the Layered Depth Video Format (2011)

This paper discusses an approach to 3D-Television that is based on the Layered Depth Video (LDV) format. The LDV format contains explicit depth and occlusion information, allowing for the generation of novel viewpoints for stereoscopic and auto-stereoscopic multi-view displays. Thus, the format is effectively invariant to the display type and also allows the depth impression to be easily changed to best meet viewers' preferences for visual comfort. The major aspects of a content delivery chain based on the LDV format are discussed in this paper. The requirements placed on data acquisition are introduced, and a multi-camera system, which is well suited for LDV compliant data capture, is presented. Also discussed is the conversion of different input data streams, like standard stereo videos, multi-view data supplemented by depth data, and videos from wide baseline setups, to the LDV format. Moreover, the advantages of the LDV format in editing and mixing are examined. The paper also presents a transmission system based on currently available coding and transmission standards. Optimization of the bandwidth via different approaches to the compression of the LDV signal is analyzed, and the results of conducted experiments in this field are discussed. Finally, the aspects of perceptual human factors for the proper evaluation of 3D-TV services and the implemented LDV system are examined. This contribution reflects the efforts of the EU-funded project 3D4YOU to unify all aspects of 3D-TV production.
Pedagogical Perestroika in Comparative Political Science (2013)

The increased acceptance of interpretivist methodologies in the years following political science's Perestroika Movement has significantly expanded the range of viable methodological options, yet little has been written about the relevance of this restructuring for the instructional principles and practices of teachers of comparative politics. I argue that the extension of key principles of interpretivist research, and specifically the adoption of teaching strategies which encourage reflexivity, can enhance undergraduates' learning outcomes. I identify methodological, evaluative and ethical objections to calls for increased reflexivity, and borrowing from Somers and Gibson's work on narrativity in the social sciences (1994), propose that in each case the use of narratives as heuristic devices can enhance learning by giving students the opportunity to embed their own experiences within broader sequences of events, in so doing familiarizing them with key issues in comparative politics and demonstrating the personal relevance of the field beyond the classroom.
Neutrophil mobilization and clearance in the bone marrow (2008)

The bone marrow is the site of neutrophil production, a process that is regulated by the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Mature neutrophils are continually released into the circulation, with an estimated 10(11) neutrophils exiting the bone marrow daily under basal conditions. These leucocytes have a short half-life in the blood of approximately 6.5 hr, and are subsequently destroyed in the spleen, liver and indeed the bone marrow itself. Additionally, mature neutrophils are retained in the bone marrow by the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha)/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) chemokine axis and form the bone marrow reserve. Following infection or inflammatory insult, neutrophil release from the bone marrow reserve is substantially elevated and this process is mediated by the co-ordinated actions of cytokines and chemokines. In this review we discuss the factors and molecular mechanisms regulating the neutrophil mobilization and consider the mechanisms and functional significance of neutrophil clearance via the bone marrow.
Clopidogrel Loading With Eptifibatide to Arrest the Reactivity of Platelets (2005)

In elective stenting without clopidogrel pretreatment, use of a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor produces superior platelet inhibition and lower myocardial necrosis compared with high-dose (600 mg) or standard-dose (300 mg) clopidogrel loading alone. In the absence of a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor, 600 mg clopidogrel provides better platelet inhibition than the standard 300-mg dose. These results require confirmation in a large-scale clinical trial.
A function for the QKRAA amino acid motif: mediating binding of DnaJ to DnaK. Implications for the association of rheumatoid arthritis with HLA-DR4. (1997)

The amino acid motif QKRAA, when expressed on HLA-DRB1, carries susceptibility to develop rheumatoid arthritis. This motif is the basis of strong B and T cell epitopes. Furthermore, it is highly overrepresented in protein databases, suggesting that it carries a function of its own. To identify this function, we used QKRAA peptide affinity columns to screen total protein extracts from Escherichia coli. We found that DnaK, the E. coli 70-kD heat shock protein, binds QKRAA. Of interest, DnaK has a natural ligand, DnaJ, that contains a QKRAA motif. We found that QKRAA-containing peptides inhibit the binding of DnaK to DnaJ. Furthermore, rabbit antibody to the QKRAA motif can inhibit binding of DnaJ to DnaK. These data suggest that QKRAA mediates the binding of E. coli chaperone DnaJ to its partner chaperone DnaK.
Ultrasonic luminescence of blood in stomach cancer (1990)

Ultrasonic luminescence of blood plasma was studied in 428 cases of cancer, precancer and non-tumor diseases of the stomach and other viscera. The authors were the first to establish a relatively short duration of sound-luminescence of plasma in gastric cancer. Those alterations were considered indicative of neoplasm. Disease was misdiagnosed in 15.5% of cases of gastric pathology: cancer was not detected in 12.7% whereas tumor was erroneously diagnosed in 18.5% of patients with complicated gastric ulcer and other non-tumor pathology. Application of sound-luminescent method in combination with X-ray examination assured reliable diagnosis of gastric cancer in 95.1%. The method appeared instrumental in diagnosing other cancers as well.