gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Significantly Enhanced Response With Docetaxel (2002)

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of neoadjuvant (NA) docetaxel (DOC) with anthracycline-based therapy and determine the efficacy of NA DOC in patients with breast cancer initially failing to respond to anthracycline-based NA chemotherapy (CT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with large or locally advanced breast cancer received four pulses of cyclophosphamide 1,000 mg/m 2 , doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 , vincristine 1.5 mg/m 2 , and prednisolone 40 mg (4 × CVAP) for 5 days. Clinical tumor response was assessed. Those who responded (complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) were randomized to receive further 4 × CVAP or 4 × DOC (100 mg/m 2 ). All nonresponders received 4 × DOC. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-two patients were enrolled; 145 patients completed eight cycles of NA CT. One hundred two patients (66%) achieved a clinical response (PR or CR) after 4 × CVAP. After randomization, 50 patients received 4 × CVAP and 47 patients received 4 × DOC. In patients who received eight cycles of CT, the clinical CR (cCR) and clinical PR (cPR) (94% v 66%) and pathologic CR (pCR) (34% v 16%) response rates were higher (P = .001 and P = .04) in those who received further DOC. Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated cCR and cPR (85% v 64%; P = .03) and pCR (31% v 15%; P = .06). Axillary lymph node examination revealed residual tumor in 33% of patients who received 8 × CVAP and 38% of patients who received further DOC. In patients who failed to respond to the initial CVAP, 4 × DOC resulted in a cCR and cPR rate of 55% and a pCR rate of 2%. Forty-four percent of these patients had residual tumor within axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: NA DOC resulted in substantial improvement in responses to DOC.
Dynamic Range and Loudness Control in MPEG-H 3D Audio (2015)

Recently, the new MPEG-H 3D Audio standard has been finalized. It has been designed for delivery of next generation audio content to the user. In addition to highly efficient immersive audio transmission, MPEG-H 3D Audio allows new capabilities such as personalization and adaptation of the audio content to different use scenarios. It also provides an enhanced concept for loudness and dynamic range control (DRC) to adapt the characteristics of the audio content to the requirements of different playback scenarios and listening conditions. This paper gives a detailed overview of the loudness control and DRC functionality of MPEG-H 3D Audio. Relevant use cases are discussed to exemplify the application of the enhanced DRC and loudness management features.
Ethernet passive optical network architectures and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms (2008)

We compile and classify the research work conducted for Ethernet passive optical networks. We examine PON architectures and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms. Our classifications provide meaningful and insightful presentations of the prior work on EPONs. The main branches of our classification of DBA are: grant sizing, grant scheduling, and optical network unit queue scheduling. We further examine the topics of QoS support, as well as fair bandwidth allocation. The presentation allows those interested in advancing EPON research to quickly understand what already was investigated and what requires further investigation. We summarize results where possible and explicitly point to future avenues of research.
Effect of Ryanodine Receptor Mutations on Interleukin-6 Release and Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in Human Myotubes from Malignant Hyperthermia-susceptible Individuals and Patients Affected by Central Core Disease (2004)

In this study we report for the first time the functional properties of human myotubes isolated from patients harboring the native RYR1 I4898T and R4893W mutations linked to central core disease. We examined two aspects of myotube physiology, namely excitation-contraction and excitation-secretion coupling. Our results show that upon activation of the ryanodine receptor (RYR), myotubes release interleukin-6 (IL-6); this was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and could be blocked by dantrolene and cyclosporine. Myotubes from the two patients affected by central core disease showed a 4-fold increase in the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, compared with cells derived from control or malignant hyperthermia susceptible individuals. All tested myotubes released calcium from intracellular stores upon stimulation via surface membrane depolarization or direct RYR activation by 4-chloro-m-cresol. The functional impact on calcium release of RYR1 mutations linked to central core disease or malignant hyperthermia is different: human myotubes carrying the malignant hyperthermia-linked RYR1 mutation V2168M had a shift in their sensitivity to the RYR agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol to lower concentrations, whereas human myotubes harboring C-terminal mutations linked to central core disease exhibited reduced [Ca2+]i increase in response to 4-chloro-m-cresol, caffeine, and KCl. Taken together, these results suggest that abnormal release of calcium via mutated RYR enhances the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which may in turn affect signaling pathways responsible for the trophic status of muscle fibers.
Health Care–Associated<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection in Adults Admitted to Acute Care Hospitals in Canada: A Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program Study (2009)

The rates are remarkably similar to those found in our previous study; although we found wide variations in HA CDI among the participating hospitals. However, the attributable mortality increased almost 4-fold (5.7% vs. 1.5%; P<.001).
Autologous platelet concentrates as a treatment for musculoskeletal lesions in five horses (2008)

Two horses with acute tendinopathy of a superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and three horses with chronic proximal desmitis of the suspensory ligament (PDSL) were treated by injecting autologous concentrates of their platelets into the lesions. The lesions were monitored ultrasonographically and clinically. There were significant ultrasonographic and clinical improvements in the two horses with SDFT, but no ultrasonographic improvements in the horses with PDSL; however, they improved clinically and became less lame. All the horses had returned to their pre-injury level of performance by six months after the completion of the treatment, and none of them had suffered a recurrence after 20 months.
Defects in amorphous silicon : dynamics and role on crystallization (1994)

Defects play a crucial role in determining the properties of many materials of scientific and technological interest. With ion irradiation, it is possible to controllably inject defects, and thus carefully study the dynamics of defect creation and annihilation, as well as the effects such defect injection has on materials properties and phase transformations. Amorphous silicon is a model system for the study of amorphous solids characterized as continuous random networks. In hydrogenated form, it is an important material for semiconductor devices such as solar cells and thin film transistors. It is the aim of this thesis to elucidate the dynamics of defects in an amorphous silicon matrix, and the role such defects can play on crystallization of amorphous silicon.

In the first chapter, the concept of a continuous random network that characterizes amorphous silicon is presented as an introduction to amorphous silicon. Structural relaxation, or annihilation of non-equilibrium defects in an amorphous matrix, is introduced. Also developed are the concept of the activation energy spectrum theory for structural relaxation of amorphous solids and the density of relaxation states. In the second chapter, the density of relaxation states for the structural relaxation of amorphous silicon is measured by measuring changes in electrical conductivity, using ion irradiation and thermal anneal to create and annihilate defects, respectively. A new quantitative model for defect creation and annihilation, termed the generalized activation energy spectrum theory, is developed in Chapter 3, and is found to be superior to previous models in describing defect dynamics in amorphous silicon. In Chapter 4, the effect of irradiation on the crystallization of amorphous silicon is investigated. It is found that irradiation affects crystallization even when the growth kinetics of crystal grains is unaffected, and that defects injected into amorphous matrix by irradiation probably play a role in affecting the thermodynamic quantities that control nucleation. The role of defect injection in affecting the thermodynamic quantities is investigated in Chapter 5, where we estimate the change in the free energy of amorphous silicon under the irradiation conditions of Chapter 4, using the generalized activation energy theory of Chapter 3. The experimental data and its interpretation are consistent with predictions of generalized activation energy spectrum theory.
Quenching of Fluorescence by Glycated Haemoglobin: Early Development of a Novel Assay (1998)

A wide range of methods have been adopted for the determination of glycated haemoglobin (either HbA1 HbA1 or total glycated haemoglobin GD 1 Hb) and have been reviewed recently. Meth?ds relying on the change in charge from glycation (Ion-exchange chromatography and electr?endosmosis) and methods relying on a change In structure (immunoassay) are susceptible to interference from abnormal haernoglobins.' Affinity methods, utilizing the binding of boronic acids to the cis-diol group on glucose, do not suffer from these interferences and so are suitable for populations with a high incidence of abnormal haemoglobins.H Current affinity methods (manual mini columns 2 automated high-performance liquid chro~atography3 and ion-capture affinity) all involve a separation step. We present here the preliminary results from the development of a novel, fluorescent, non-separation affinity method for the determination of total glycated haemoglobin. The principle of the method is that the emission of certain fluorescent derivatives of boronic acids is quenched when bound to glycated haemoglobin but not when unbound.
Characterizing package/PCB PDN interactions from a full-wave finite-difference formulation (2006)

A novel approach of equivalent circuit model extraction is developed for modeling of integrated package and PCB power distribution networks (PDN). The integrated PDNs are formulated from a full-wave finite-difference algorithm, and the resulting matrix equations are converted to equivalent circuits. The equivalent circuits, as well as the decoupling capacitors and the attached circuit components, can be analyzed with a SPICE-like solver in both the time and frequency domains. The modeling of dielectric loss is also addressed. The method is used to model three PDN problems including a simple power bus, a BGA package mounting on a PCB, and a 3-D power bus structure. The results are compared to either measurement data or other numerical results. The limitations of the method are also discussed. Keywords—equivalent circuit; power dilivery network; FDTD; SPICE
Single Crystal PWA 1472 in High Pressure Hydrogen (1994)

y' strengthened Ni base single crystal alloys represent the state of the art for hydrogen fueled rocket engine turbopump airfoils. These alloys are however, susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, degrading fatigue and fracture capability by orders of magnitude. Post test fractographic analysis of PWA 1490 (HIP Microcast INCO 718) tested in high pressure hydrogen has shown that the mechanisms that degrade the y' superalloys are not operative in the INCO 718 class of alloys. This set of circumstances suggests that a high strength INCO 718 variant, PWA 1472 cast in single crystal form, might be superior to yp strengthened single crystals in low temperature rocket turbopumps where safety and durability are principal considerations. To test this hypothesis PWA 1472 was cast in single crystal form and tested in air and hydrogen.
Unfolded Protein Response of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Tumor Progression and Immunogenicity (2017)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pivotal regulator of folding, quality control, trafficking, and targeting of secreted and transmembrane proteins, and accordingly, eukaryotic cells have evolved specialized machinery to ensure that the ER enables these proteins to acquire adequate folding and maturation in the presence of intrinsic and extrinsic insults. This adaptive capacity of the ER to intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations is important for maintaining protein homeostasis, which is termed proteostasis. Failure in adaptation to these perturbations leads to accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins in the ER, which is termed ER stress, resulting in the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER and the execution of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to restore homeostasis. Furthermore, both of the two axes play key roles in the control of tumor progression, inflammation, immunity, and aging. Therefore, understanding UPR of the ER and subsequent ERAD will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of many human diseases and contribute to therapeutic intervention in these diseases.
Variance Reduction Techniques for Gradient Estimates in Reinforcement Learning (2001)

Policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning avoid some of the undesirable properties of the value function approaches, such as policy degradation (Baxter and Bartlett, 2001). However, the variance of the performance gradient estimates obtained from the simulation is sometimes excessive. In this paper, we consider variance reduction methods that were developed for Monte Carlo estimates of integrals. We study two commonly used policy gradient techniques, the baseline and actor-critic methods, from this perspective. Both can be interpreted as additive control variate variance reduction methods. We consider the expected average reward performance measure, and we focus on the GPOMDP algorithm for estimating performance gradients in partially observable Markov decision processes controlled by stochastic reactive policies. We give bounds for the estimation error of the gradient estimates for both baseline and actor-critic algorithms, in terms of the sample size and mixing properties of the controlled system. For the baseline technique, we compute the optimal baseline, and show that the popular approach of using the average reward to define the baseline can be suboptimal. For actor-critic algorithms, we show that using the true value function as the critic can be suboptimal. We also discuss algorithms for estimating the optimal baseline and approximate value function.
A video scrambler/descrambler concept for the pal format (1987)

To obtain high security scrambling of PAL video signals, the so-called line rotation principle is adopted. A low cost solution is attained by making use of the modern l.s.i. components recently made available for manufacturers of digital television sets. A data link to the subscribers is established utilizing unused video lines. The availability of low-cost videotex l.s.i. circuitry has led to the choice of the videotex format for the data channel.A laboratory prototype has demonstrated the line rotation principle and tests have been carried out both in CATV networks and on terrestrial links with very satisfactory results. However, the video signal is distorted in transmission links with line tilt. Methods for reducing the effect of line tilt are presented.
Investigation of parasites in sludges and disinfection techniques. Final report, August 1979-May 1982 (1985)

The objectives of the research grant were to: assess the presence and densities of resistant stages of parasites in municipal wastewater sludges (sewage) in northern United States; compare the results of the study with the results of a previous study of sludges in southern United States; to evaluate several decontamination techniques for their effectiveness in inactivating parasites in waste sludges; and develop a standard method for the parasitologic examination of waste sludges. Sludge samples from all phases of treatment (i.e., primary, etc.) were collected during the fall, winter and summer from 48 municipal wastewater treatment plants located in New York, Ohio, Minnesota, and Washington.
A Novel Acyl-CoA Synthetase, ACS5, Expressed in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Proliferating Preadipocytes (1998)

We report here the identification, characterization, and expression of a novel rat acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) designated as ACS5. ACS5 consists of 683 amino acids and is approximately 60% identical to the previously characterized ACS1 and ACS2. ACS5 was overproduced in Escherichia coli cells and then purified to near homogeneity. The purified enzyme utilized a wide range of saturated fatty acids similar to those utilized by ACS1 and ACS2, but differed in its preference for C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Northern blot analysis revealed that ACS5 mRNA is present most abundantly in the small intestine, and to a much lesser extent in the lung, liver, adrenal gland, adipose tissue, and kidney. In situ hybridization of rat ileum revealed abundant accumulation of ACS5 transcripts in foveolar epithelial cells. The hepatic level of ACS5 mRNA was significantly increased by refeeding a fat-free high sucrose diet and reduced by fasting or refeeding a high cholesterol diet, whereas that in the small intestine was not significantly altered by various dietary conditions. In contrast to the absence of ACS1 mRNA in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, ACS5 mRNA was present in proliferating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its level remained unaltered during differentiation, suggesting that ACS5 may provide the acyl-CoA utilized for the synthesis of cellular lipids in proliferating preadipocytes.
The Vapor Extraction Process: Review (2007)

Abstract The high viscosity of Canadian crude oil is a serious challenge for the recovery efficiency of this resource by conventional methods. Since 1991, the vapor extraction process (VAPEX) has emerged as a promising technology that has gained considerable attention within the oil industry. This article presents a current review of this process and its variations, as well as describing important factors affecting the process such as solvent requirements, mass transfer, asphaltene precipitation, oil rate, and wettability. Recent research has shown that VAPEX is an efficient alternative for the recovery of heavy oil. Keywords: bitumenheavy oiloil sandsVAPEX: vapor extraction ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the Summer Employment Student Program-Equal Employment Opportunities (SEED-EEO) Chemical Engineering Department, and the University Research Fund at the University of New Brunswick Fredericton Campus for providing financial support for this project.
AlkylFluor: Deoxyfluorination of Alcohols (2016)

A practical, high-yielding method for the deoxyfluorination of alcohols is presented using AlkylFluor, a novel salt analogue of PhenoFluor. AlkylFluor is readily prepared on multigram scale and is stable to long-term storage in air and exposure to water. The practicality and applicability of this method is demonstrated with a variety of primary and secondary alcohol substrates.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the ternary system Mn-Y-Zr (1997)

Phase equilibria were established in the ternary system Mn-Y-Zr for an isothermal section at 800 degrees C by use of X-ray powder diffraction, light optical microscopy and quantitative EPMA. No ternary compounds were observed. Mutual solid solubilities among the binary phases were found to be generally less than similar to 2 at.%. Solubility of Mn, Y in alpha Zr at 800 degrees C was 2.1 at.% Mn and 2.9 at.% Y, whereas no Mn dissolves in alpha Y. A reinvestigation of the binary solid solubility limits of Mn2Zr1-x at 800 degrees C by quantitative EPMA and X-ray powder full profile analyses revealed a smaller homogeneous region, Mn2Zr1-x, 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.20, than previously reported in literature. There is little solubility of Y in stoichiometric Mn2Zr and maximum solubility of Mn, Zr in alpha Y was determined from as cast alloys to be 1.8 at.% Mn and 2.4 at.% Zr. Based on this experimental findings and the literature data relevant to the binary systems a thermodynamic calculation of the ternary system was attempted, requesting a significantly higher heat of formation of Mn2Zr than previously reported. A nearly pseudobinary section was experimentally established for the join Y-Mn2Zr with a maximum eutectic at 1072 +/- 10 degrees C at 57 at.% Y (calculated at 1064 degrees C and 58% Y). Three ternary eutectics were defined: L double left right arrow Mn2Zr + Mn2Y + Mn23Y6 at 1090 +/- 10 degrees C at a composition of Mn75Y23Zr2 (calculated at 1087 degrees C and at Mn72Y26Zr2), L double left right arrow (alpha Y) + Mn2Y + Mn2Zr at 870 +/- 10 degrees C at a composition of Mn40Y57Zr3 (calculated at 883 degrees C and at Mn36Y63Zr1) and L double left right arrow (alpha Y) + (beta Zr) + Mn2Zr at 1054 +/- 10 degrees C at a composition of Mn26Y15Zr59 (calculated at Mn24Y21Zr55 and at 992 degrees C).
A Framework for Data-Intensive Computing with Cloud Bursting (2011)

For many organizations, one attractive use of cloud resources can be through what is referred to as cloud bursting or the hybrid cloud. These refer to scenarios where an organization acquires and manages in-house resources to meet its base need, but can use additional resources from a cloud provider to maintain an acceptable response time during workload peaks. Cloud bursting has so far been discussed in the context of using additional computing resources from a cloud provider. However, as next generation applications are expected to see orders of magnitude increase in data set sizes, cloud resources can be used to store additional data after local resources are exhausted. In this paper, we consider the challenge of data analysis in a scenario where data is stored across a local cluster and cloud resources. We describe a software framework to enable data-intensive computing with cloud bursting, i.e., using a combination of compute resources from a local cluster and a cloud environment to perform Map-Reduce type processing on a data set that is geographically distributed. Our evaluation with three different applications shows that data-intensive computing with cloud bursting is feasible and scalable. Particularly, as compared to a situation where the data set is stored at one location and processed using resources at that end, the average slowdown of our system (using distributed but the same aggregate number of compute resources), is only 15.55%. Thus, the overheads due to global reduction, remote data retrieval, and potential load imbalance are quite manageable. Our system scales with an average speedup of 81% when the number of compute resources is doubled.
El estilo y el discurso “inquietante” del analista (2019)

Este artículo es un avance de la investigación acerca de la función del estilo en la transmisión del psicoanálisis. En el presente texto se plantea que la relación entre discurso y estilo, conduce a una problematización de la noción misma de estilo. Esta mostración contiene los siguientes momentos: en un primer lugar se presentan dos citas de Lacan en las que el estilo se encuentra en relación con dos elementos centrales en la teoría de los discursos: el saber y la verdad. En un segundo momento se resumen las características de estos dos elementos en el discurso del analista y, en un tercer momento, se expone un equívoco de Lacan a partir del cual presentamos una definición de estilo acorde con el discurso del analista.