gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of ferrites in rectangular waveguides (1956)

Reciprocal and nonreciprocal propagation of electromagnetic energy in an infinitely long rectangular waveguide partially filled with one or two ferrite slabs is described.Methods for obtaining exact solutions of the transcendental equations usually encountered in these boundary value problems are demonstrated for several structures. Calculations are carried out for a lossless ferrite and the phase constant is plotted as a function of the ferrite slab thickness. The cutoff conditions for the lowest TE mode are evaluated in terms of the ferrite slab thickness. New modes, not associated with the empty waveguide modes, are analyzed as ferrite dielectric modes, their propagation characteristics are discussed and the rf electric and magnetic field patterns are plotted. The rf electric fields are plotted for all reciprocal and nonreciprocal modes and the appropriate field configurations are used to explain the operation of ferrite cutoff isolators, the field-displacement isolator, the field-displacement circulator, and the nonreciprocal phase shifter. Solutions above ferromagnetic resonance are shown and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> -fields are plotted. A brief comparison of the operation of dispersive devices at high and low frequencies is made. The calculations are extended to include absorption loss, and nonreciprocal attenuation is plotted as a function of slab position near resonance.
Sonochemical Syntheses and Catalytic Properties of Oxide and Carbide Nanocomposites on Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Abstract Sonochemical decomposition of molybdenum and tungsten carbonyls in the presence of carbon nanotubes followed by heat treatments under various conditions produced nanocomposites of oxides and carbides on carbon nanotube supports; the synthesis of tungsten carbide nanoparticles is unprecedented.
Spatial Temporal Data Visualization In Emergency Management (2017)

Recent years, extreme events caused a great loss of human society. Emergency management is playing a more and more important role in handling disaster events. With the raising of data-intensive decision making, how to visualize large, multi-dimension data become an important challenge. Spatial temporal data visualization, a powerful tool, could transform data in to visual structure and make core information easily be captured by human. It could support spatial analysis, decision making and be used in all phase of emergency management. In this paper, we reviewed the general method of spatial temporal data visualization and the methods in data-intensive environment. Summarized the problems of each phase of emergency management and presented how spatial temporal visualization tools applied in each phase of emergency management. Finally, we conduct a short conclusion and outlook the future of spatial temporal visualization applied in data-driven emergency management environment.
Ultraviolet spectroscopic study on sulfonium salts and on an interaction between sulfonium salts and molecular oxygen (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltraviolet spectroscopic study on sulfonium salts and on an interaction between sulfonium salts and molecular oxygenKatsutoshi Ohkubo and Tokio YamabeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 21, 3149–3155Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00820a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (873 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WHITE-ELECTROLUMINESCENCE DEVICE BASED ON POLYMER/QUANTUM DOT NANOCOMPOSITES (2005)

White light emission was obtained from a light-emitting diode prepared from polymer/quantum dot nanocomposites consisting of poly(9,9′-dihexylfluorene-2,7-divinylene-m-phenylenevinylene-stat-p-phenylenevinylene) (PDHFPPV) and CdSe nanoparticles. Blue emission from PDHFPPV and red emission from the nanoparticles, which is triggered by partial excitation energy transfer from PDHFPPV, jointly contribute to white emission of the organic/inorganic hybrid device. Also, the blue-emitting matrix polymer makes the device preparation process simpler due to its high processability. By controlling the blend ratio, we could obtain a pure white color from the hybrid device.
Introduction (1996)

To have been at the margins is to have been in contact with danger, to have been at a source of power. There are pollution powers which inhere in the structure of ideas itself and which punish a symbolic breaking of that which should be joined or a joining of that which should be separate. A polluting person is always in the wrong. He has... crossed some line which should not have been crossed and this displacement unleashes danger. The power which produces a danger for careless humans is very evidently a power inhering in the structure of ideas, a power by which the structure is expected to protect itself.
Plasma potential in electrostatically plugged cusps and mirrors (1975)

From a study of the particle balance equations for ions and electrons confined by a combination of electric and magnetic fields, the potential barrier heights are determined. The theoretical potential well depths are found to be about 20–30% shallower than experimentally measured values, which may be attributed to inaccuracy of the velocity-diffusion loss rates and to uncertainty in experimental parameters.
On Wireless Scheduling with Partial 1 Channel-state Information (2007)

A time-slotted queued system of multiple flows with a single-server is considered, in which each flow or channel has exogenous arrivals, and the service rates to the flows vary over time according to a fixed distribution. In this setting, it is assumed that not more than one channel can be serviced in a single time slot. Unlike much recent work on this problem, attention is drawn to the case where the server can obtain only partial information about the instantaneous state of the channel (e.g., due to limited feedback capabilities). In each time slot, the server is allowed to specify a single subset of flows from a collection of observable subsets (e.g., all subsets of a particular size), observe the current service rates for that subset and subsequently pick a flow to serve. A precise characterization of the stability region for such a system is provided. An online scheduling algorithm is presented, that uses information about marginal distributions to pick the subset and the Max-Weight rule to pick a flow within the subset, and which is provably throughput-optimal. In the case where the observable subsets are all disjoint, or where the subsets and channel statistics are symmetric, it is shown that a simple scheduling algorithm- Max-Sum-Queue- that essentially picks subsets having the largest squared-sum of queues, followed by picking a flow using Max-Weight within the subset, is throughput-optimal. However, it is demonstrated that under more general conditions on the observable subsets and channel statistics, the simpler Max-Sum-Queue algorithm may not be throughput-optimal. I.
Subminiature fluorescent lamps (2002)

A family of small diameter (7 mm outer diameter) fluorescent lamps has been developed. This family includes hot cathode lamps which allow superior optical control due to their small size and high brightness as well as cold cathode lamps which have very low power consumption with efficacies greater than incandescent lamps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High speed low noise multiplexed three color absorbance photometry (2011)

Multispectral photometry is often required to distinguish samples in flow injection analysis and flow cytometry; however, the cost of multiple light detectors, filters, and optical paths contribute to the high cost of multicolor and spectral detection systems. This paper describes frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a simple approach for performing multi-wavelength absorbance photometry with a single light detector and a single interrogation window. In previous efforts, modulation frequencies were <10 KHz, resulting in a detector bandwidth of <20 Hz. This paper presents a high frequency FDM circuit which can increase the oscillation frequencies to several 100 KHz, improving the detection bandwidth by a factor of 10 while still maintaining low cost. Light from 3 different LED sources are encoded into unique frequency channels, passed through the detection cell, and later demodulated using phase-sensitive electronics. Electronic multiplexing couples all light sources into a single optical train without spectral filters. Theory and high frequency considerations are demonstrated. Simultaneous three color absorbance detection is demonstrated in solutions and in flowing droplet microreactors. This technique can potentially reduce the cost of multicolor photometry by replacing expensive optical components with low-cost electronics.
Study of Asphaltene Adsorption on Kaolinite by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (2013)

The interaction between asphaltenes and clay is crucial in understanding wettability changes in petroleum reservoirs and in oilsands production. In this study, we report the changes in surface properties and composition of kaolin clay as a result of exposure to solutions of asphaltenes. Adsorption experiments were conducted at 25 °C with solutions of asphaltenes in toluene at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 mg/mL. The wettability of the modified kaolinite surface was characterized by contact angle measurement. Chemical composition changes of the surface because of asphaltene adsorption were assessed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis. The contact angle data indicated that, upon asphaltene adsorption, the clay particles changed from water-wet to bi-wet. Both ToF-SIMS and XPS measurements indicated that the kaolinite surface was never completely covered by asphaltenes based on the concentration of Al and Si on asphaltene-treated kaolinite surfaces. ToF-SIMS analysis indicated that, with more asphaltenes covered on the kaolinite surface, the relative intensities of C3H5+/Al+ and C3H5+/Si+ increased and an inverse linear correlation between the contact angle and surface Si+ concentration was observed. The maximum thickness of adsorbed asphaltenes, assuming complete surface coverage, was estimated to be 11 nm based on XPS depth profile results on a model silica surface, with a mean value of 3 nm. The XPS depth profile also indicated no preferential adsorption of nitrogen- or sulfur-rich species at the interface between asphaltenes and kaolinite.
Bipolar Battery Using Conductive-Fiber Composite (1989)

Improved version of lead/sulfuric acid battery, electrically-conducting fiber/polymer composite substrates used in place of metallic substrates. Sealing and corrosion problems reduced. Benefits include halving of weight, increased energy and power densities, and lower gassing rate. Important for electric-vehicle development.
Formation of conjugated Δ<sup>11</sup>Δ<sup>13</sup>‐double bonds by Δ<sup>12</sup>‐linoleic acid (1,4)‐acyl‐lipid‐desaturase in pomegranate seeds (2002)

For the biosynthesis of punicic acid (18:3Delta9Z,11E,13Z) a (11,14)-linoleoyl desaturase activity has been proposed. To isolate this acyl-lipid-desaturase, PCR-based cloning was used. This approach resulted in the isolation of two complete cDNAs. The first isolated full-length cDNA harbors a sequence of 1350 bp encoding a protein of 395 amino acids. The second cDNA was 1415 bp long encoding a protein of 387 amino acids. For functional identification proteins encoded by the cDNAs were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and formation of newly formed fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography-free induction decay (GC-FID) and GC/MS. The expression of the heterologous enzymes resulted in the first case in a significant amount of linoleic acid and in the second case, after linoleic acid supplementation, in formation of punicic acid. The results presented here identify one cDNA coding for a classical Delta12-acyl-lipid-desaturase. The other one codes for a new type of (1,4)-acyl-lipid-desaturase that converts a cis double bond located in the Delta12-position of linoleic acid or gamma-linolenic acid, but not in alpha-linolenic acid, into a conjugated cis-trans double bond system.
Caspase-2 and Caspase-7 Are Involved in Cytolethal Distending Toxin-Induced Apoptosis in Jurkat and MOLT-4 T-Cell Lines (2004)

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a G2/M cell-cycle-specific growth-inhibitory toxin that leads to target cell distension followed by cell death. To determine the mechanisms by which A. actinomycetemcomitans CDT acts as an immunosuppressive factor, we examined the effects of highly purified CDT holotoxin on human T lymphocytes. Purified CDT was cytolethal toward normal peripheral T lymphocytes that were activated by in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. In addition, purified CDT showed cytolethal activity against Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells, which are known to be sensitive and resistant, respectively, to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Death in these cell lines was accompanied by the biochemical features of apoptosis, including membrane conformational changes, intranucleosomal DNA cleavage, and an increase in caspase activity in the cells. Pretreatment of Jurkat cells with the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk mostly suppressed CDT-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of caspase-2 and -7 showed significant inhibitory effects on CDT-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, and these inhibitory effects were fully associated with reduced activity of caspase-2 or -7 in the CDT-treated Jurkat cells. These results strongly suggest that CDT possesses the ability to induce human T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 and -7.
First Examples of Reactions of AzoleN-Oxides with Thioketones: A Novel Type of Sulfur-Transfer Reaction (1998)

The reactions of 1,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole 3-oxides 1a – k with cyclobutanethiones 5a,b in CHCl3 at room temperature give imidazole-2(3H)-thiones 9a – k in high yield. The second product formed in this reaction is 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione (6a; Scheme 2). Similar reactions occur with 1 and adamantanethione (5c) as thiocarbonyl compound, as well as with 1,2,4-triazole-4-oxide derivative 10 and 5a (Scheme 3). A reaction mechanism by a two-step formation of the formal cycloadduct of type 7 via zwitterion 16 is proposed in Scheme 5. Spontaneous decomposition of 7 yields the products of this novel sulfur-transfer reaction. The starting imidazole 3-oxides are conveniently prepared by heating a mixture of 1,3,5-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines 3 and α-(hydroxyimino) ketones 2 in EtOH (cf. Scheme 1). As demonstrated in the case of 9d, a `one-pot' procedure allows the preparation of 9 without isolation of the imidazole 3-oxides 1. The reaction of 1c with thioketene 12 leads to a mixture of four products (Scheme 4). The minor products, 9c and the ketene 15, result from an analogous sulfur-transfer reaction (Path a in Scheme 5), whereas the parent imidazole 14 and thiiranone 13 are the products of an oxygen-transfer reaction (Path b in Scheme 5).
Exploring Mobile End User Development: Existing Use and Design Factors (2016)

Mobile devices are everywhere, and the scope of their use is growing from simple calling and texting through Internet browsing to more technical activities such as creating message processing filters and connecting different apps. However, building tools which provide effective support for such advanced technical use of mobile devices by non-programmers (mobile end user development or mEUD) requires thorough understanding of user needs and motivations, including factors which can impact user intentions regarding mEUD activities. We propose a model linking these mEUD factors with mobile users' attitudes towards, and intent of doing mEUD, and discuss a number of implications for supporting mEUD. Our research process is user-centered, and we formulate a number of hypotheses by fusing results from an exploratory survey which gathers facts about mEUD motivations and activities, and from a focus group study, which delivers deeper understanding of particular mEUD practices and issues. We then test the hypothesized relationships through a follow-up enquiry mixing quantitative and qualitative techniques, leading to the creation of a preliminary mEUD model. Altogether we have involved 275 mobile users in our research. Our contribution links seven mEUD factors with mEUD intentions and attitudes, and highlights a number of implications for mEUD support.
Monte Carlo simulation of the mechanical relaxation of a self-assembled monolayer (1993)

Monte Carlo calculations have been used to study the mechanical relaxation of a monolayer of ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$(${\mathrm{CH}}_{2}$${)}_{15}$SH admolecules on a gold substrate when subjected to indentation caused by a nanometer-scale force-microscope tip. An almost elastic response is observed to forces that compress the monolayer by about 25% of its original thickness. Jump to contact on approach of the tip is signaled by an abrupt change in the mean molecular tilt, and the subsequent compression leads to very substantial but reversible changes in the conformations of the molecules. Comparison is made with results obtained by interfacial-force microscopy.
Discrete Element Modelling of Monotonic Compression Tests in an Idealised Asphalt Mixture (2009)

ABSTRACT Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) has been used to simulate constant strain rate tests on an idealised asphalt mixture containing approximately single-sized sand particles under monotonic compressive loading. Results have been compared to a range of constant strain-rate compressive tests to failure that have been undertaken in the laboratory. The internal geometry of the idealised asphalt mixture has been reproduced in PFC-3D and internal damage (cracking) in the material was modelled by allowing bond breakage between adjacent particles. Elastic contact properties have been used to investigate the effect of random variations in internal sample geometry, the distribution of bond strengths between adjacent particles and the coefficient of friction between particles where the bond has broken on the stress-strain behaviour. A simple viscoelastic Burger's model was introduced to give time dependent shear and normal (tensile) contact stiffnesses and an elastic contact has been assumed for the compressive normal contact stiffness. To reduce the computation time, the effect of scaling the viscosities in the Burger's model to simulate slower strain rates has been investigated. Results from the model compared well to the experimental data. KEYWORDS: Idealised Asphalt MixtureMonotonic CompressionDemStress-Strain ResponseBond Breakage
Ensuring data integrity via ICmetrics based security infrastructure (2007)

Society has grown to trust and depend on electronic systems. However, rising complexity, reduced time to market and increased commercial pressure contribute to eroding dependability. At the same time the value of data and high social dependence on the now ubiquitous embedded systems that underlie most products and equipment attract malicious exploits. Tampering of electronic systems to compromise their integrity and the security of their stored and transmitted data is a growing problem in today's connected devices. This manuscript describes research relating to a new concept called ICmetrics capable of improving the security of system-on- chip (SoC) based devices and their data by providing a reliable means of identifying each device and verifying the absence of tampering using each device's unique features and properties. Specifically, this manuscript outlines a methodology to extract low level feature values from a SoC via reconfiguration of its existing debug support circuits that were originally intended to aid system-level development and monitoring. This novel approach to feature extraction yields an area saving of over 30% percent compared with dedicated circuits.
Fast Segmentation Algorithm of Moving Object Based on H.264 (2011)

An effective algorithm is proposed to segment moving object in compressed domain and pixel domain method combined.In this algorithm,a space-time filtering and accumulation is used to process the MV(Motion Vector) field,and the method of MV spatial differences is used to extract the region of moving object in compressed domain.After that the extracted region is expanded appropriately in pixel domain,and in pixel domain the more accurate moving object is segmented by using the MRF(Markov Random Field) model.Experimental results show that the segmentation algorithm is efficient and segmented moving object is complete and accurate.
Synthesis of Functionalized Azetidines through Chemoselective Zinc‐Catalyzed Reduction of β‐Lactams with Silanes (2013)

Abstract An efficient method for the one‐step conversion of β‐lactams to their corresponding functionalized azetidines has been developed. This approach takes advantage of the selective reduction of the 2‐azetidinone nucleus with hydrosilanes in the presence of a zinc‐based catalyst. The methodology is tolerant towards sensitive groups such as allene, ester, and cyanohydrin moieties. In addition, the process allows the preparation of enantiopure azetidines without erosion of the stereochemical integrity. A catalytic cycle involving an azetidinium salt intermediate has been proposed.
IFN- <i>gamma</i> induces islet cell MHC antigens and enhances autoimmune, streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the mouse. (1988)

To explore the role of the lymphokine, IFN-gamma, in the development of autoimmune-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes, we examined the effects of systemically administered IFN-gamma on the clinical features and pancreatic immunohistology of CBA mice made diabetic with multiple low doses of the pancreatic islet beta-cell toxin, streptozotocin. Mice given streptozotocin and IFN-gamma were significantly more hyperglycemic than those given streptozotocin alone and had significantly decreased body weight. Mice given IFN-gamma alone did not differ in glycemia or weight from vehicle-injected mice. On day 11, Ia proteins were detected on islet cells from mice given streptozotocin and their expression was potentiated by IFN-gamma; they could not be detected on islet cells from mice given IFN-gamma alone or vehicle. H-2K protein expression was increased on islet cells from mice given streptozotocin and was potentiated by IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma alone also increased H-2K protein expression on islet cells compared with vehicle-treated mice. These findings show that IFN-gamma enhances the severity of diabetes in mice given multiple-low doses of streptozotocin, in association with enhanced expression of Ia and H-2K proteins on islet cells. They indicate an important role for IFN-gamma in amplifying the autoimmune process leading to beta-cell destruction in diabetes. The ability of IFN-gamma to worsen autoimmune disease has implications for its use in man.