gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminoborohydrides as reducing agents. 1. Sodium (dimethylamino)- and (tert-butylamino)borohydrides as selective reducing agents (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminoborohydrides as reducing agents. 1. Sodium (dimethylamino)- and (tert-butylamino)borohydrides as selective reducing agentsRobert O. Hutchins, Keith Learn, Farag El-Telbany, and Yurly P. SterchoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2438–2443Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1069Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Targeting Signals Mediate the Sorting of Different Isoforms of the Tail-Anchored Membrane Protein Cytochrome <i>b</i><sub><i>5</i></sub> to Either Endoplasmic Reticulum or Mitochondria (2004)

Tail-anchored membrane proteins are a class of proteins that are targeted posttranslationally to various organelles and integrated by a single segment of hydrophobic amino acids located near the C terminus. Although the localization of tail-anchored proteins in specific subcellular compartments in plant cells is essential for their biological function, the molecular targeting signals responsible for sorting these proteins are not well defined. Here, we describe the biogenesis of four closely related tung (Aleurites fordii) cytochrome b5 isoforms (Cb5-A, -B, -C, and -D), which are small tail-anchored proteins that play an essential role in many cellular processes, including lipid biosynthesis. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that Cb5-A, -B, and -C are targeted exclusively to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas Cb5-D is targeted specifically to mitochondrial outer membranes. Comprehensive mutational analyses of ER and mitochondrial Cb5s revealed that their C termini, including transmembrane domains (TMD) and tail regions, contained several unique physicochemical and sequence-specific characteristics that defined organelle-specific targeting motifs. Mitochondrial targeting of Cb5 was mediated by a combination of hydrophilic amino acids along one face of the TMD, an enrichment of branched beta-carbon-containing residues in the medial portion of the TMD, and a dibasic -R-R/K/H-x motif in the C-terminal tail. By contrast, ER targeting of Cb5 depended primarily upon the overall length and hydrophobicity of the TMD, although an -R/H-x-Y/F- motif in the tail was also a targeting determinant. Collectively, the results presented provide significant insight into the early biogenetic events required for entry of tail-anchored proteins into either the ER or mitochondrial targeting pathways.
Imaging Approaches to Parkinson Disease (2010)

Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency. Demonstrating midbrain structural abnormalities with transcranial sonography or diffusion-weighted MRI or showing striatal dopamine terminal dysfunction with PET or SPECT supports the diagnosis and rationalizes the use of dopaminergic medications. In atypical PD variants, transcranial sonography can detect striatal hyperechogenicity, and diffusion-weighted imaging can detect increased putamen water diffusion, whereas (18)F-FDG PET reveals reduced lentiform nucleus glucose metabolism. PET and SPECT can detect changes in striatal dopamine levels after levodopa administration and relate these to motor responses. Loss of cortical dopaminergic and cholinergic function is present in demented PD and, on occasion, amyloid deposits can be detected. Loss of cardiac sympathetic innervation can be sensitively detected in PD with (18)F-dopamine PET or (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT. Finally, PET can detect widespread brain inflammation in PD. This review discusses the role of structural and functional imaging for diagnosing and managing different parkinsonian syndromes.
Regulatory gene product of the Ah locus. Characterization of receptor mutants among mouse hepatoma clones. (1982)

The major regulatory gene product of the Ah locus is a cytosolic receptor which binds avidly to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).Ah receptor levels in the cytosol and accumulation of the inducer-receptor complex in the nucleus have been examined in the mouse hepatoma cell culture parent line Hepa-lclc7 and in six mutant clones that exhibit varying degrees of deficiency in aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[u]pyrene) hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.1) inducibility.One of these clones (c3) is dominant, whereas the others are known to be recessive and to belong to three distinct complementation groups (and, therefore, reflect mutations in three different genes): c l and c5, c2 and c6, and c4.Clones cl, c3, and c5 have essentially normal Ah receptor levels, compared with the wild type Hepa-lclc7 parent, possess normal kinetics for translocation of the inducer-receptor complex into the nucleus, and yet exhibit very low or nondetectable basal or inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity; these clones could represent a mutation in the P1-450 structural gene or other genes responsible for the induced hydroxylase activity.Clones c2 and c6 are receptor-defieient mutants, having no more than 10% of wild type Ah receptor levels, normal kinetics of nuclear translocation of the inducer-receptor complex, and no more than 20% of wild type hydroxylase inducibility by either TCDD or benzo[a]anthracene.The defect in c2 cells was shown by both in vitro and in vivo TCDD-binding studies not to reflect a lack of receptor saturability.Clone c4 has normal cytosolic levels of Ah receptor, is defective in nuclear translocation of the inducer-receptor complex, and lacks any detectable basal or inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. ~ ~The Ah locus controls the induction (by polycyclic aromatic compounds such as 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and TCDD') of many drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in virtually all of the tissues examined (reviewed in Ref. 1).The Ah system is believed to comprise regulatory, structural, and probably temporal genes which may or may not be linked.Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 are among the many structural gene products "turned on" during the sequence of events following exposure of the animal or cells in * The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.
Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation of terminal alkenes to methyl ketones using molecular oxygen (2000)

Palladium(II) acetate catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of terminal alkenes in toluene into the corresponding methyl ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of pyridine using propan-2-ol as a reductant and molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Two catalytic cycles sharing a Pd(II)–OOH species are proposed. One is the formation of a Pd(II)–H species in the oxidation of propan-2-ol to acetone, followed by reaction with molecular oxygen to give a Pd(II)–OOH species, and the other is peroxypalladation of an alkene with the Pd(II)–OOH species produced to afford a methyl ketone in the presence of H2O2 produced by the former catalytic cycle.
High-throughput identification of compounds targeting influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity (2010)

As influenza viruses have developed resistance towards current drugs, new inhibitors that prevent viral replication through different inhibitory mechanisms are useful. In this study, we developed a screening procedure to search for new antiinfluenza inhibitors from 1,200,000 compounds and identified previously reported as well as new antiinfluenza compounds. Several antiinfluenza compounds were inhibitory to the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), including nucleozin and its analogs. The most potent nucleozin analog, 3061 (FA-2), inhibited the replication of the influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in MDCK cells at submicromolar concentrations and protected the lethal H1N1 infection of mice. Influenza variants resistant to 3061 (FA-2) were isolated and shown to have the mutation on nucleoprotein (NP) that is distinct from the recently reported resistant mutation of Y289H [Kao R, et al. (2010) Nat Biotechnol 28:600]. Recombinant influenza carrying the Y52H NP is also resistant to 3061 (FA-2), and NP aggregation induced by 3061 (FA-2) was identified as the most likely cause for inhibition. In addition, we identified another antiinfluenza RdRP inhibitor 367 which targets PB1 protein but not NP. A mutant resistant to 367 has H456P mutation at the PB1 protein and both the recombinant influenza and the RdRP expressing the PB1 H456P mutation have elevated resistance to 367. Our high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign thus resulted in the identification of antiinfluenza compounds targeting RdRP activity.
Synthesis of γ-Valerolactone from Biomass-based Levulinic Acid over Ru/C Catalyst (2010)

Ru/C,a ctalyst of high-activity,was used in the experiments of hydrogenation of levulinic acid,and the variations of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized by XRD and XPS.The reaction pathway for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid was proposed.The suitable conditions of preparing γ-valerolactone(GVL) by hydrogenation of levulinic acid catalyzed by Ru/C were as follows:temperature 130℃,pressure 1.2MPa,dosage of catalyst 5.0%(based on the mass fraction of levulinic acid) and solvent was absolute methanol.The conversion rate of levulinic acid was 92%,and the selectivity of γ-valerolactone was 99%.The conversion rate of raw material and the selectivity of γ-valerolactone with Ru/C as catalyst were higher than those of Pd/C,Raney nickel and Urushibara nickel.
Ubiquitous Computing in the Classroom: An Approach through Identification Process (2005)

In recent years, there have been many efforts at research towards obtaining the simple and natural use of computers, with interfaces closer to the user. New visions such as that of the Ubiquitous Computing paradigm emerge. In Ubiquitous Computing the computer is distributed in a series of devices with reduced functionality, spread over the user's environment and communicating wirelessly. With these, context-aware applications are obtained. In this paper we present an approach to the classroom context by identification process using RFID technology, as an implicit input to the system. The main goal is to acquire natural interaction, because the only requirement for the user (teacher or student) is to carry a device (smart label), identifying and obtaining context services. Some of these services and the mechanisms that make them available are described here, together with a scenario of their use in the classroom.
Performance of a Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Rapid Diagnostic Test, Paracheck Pf®, for Detection of Malaria Infections in Ugandan Pregnant Women (2012)

Improved laboratory diagnosis is critical to reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy. Peripheral blood smears appear less sensitive than Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for placental malaria infections in studies conducted at delivery. In this study, 81 women in Uganda in the second or third trimester of pregnancy were followed-up until delivery. At each visit, peripheral blood was tested by blood smear, RDT, and nested species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sensitivity and specificity of the tests was calculated with PCR, which detected 22 infections of P. falciparum, as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of blood smears were 36.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.0-59.2%) and 99.6% (95% CI = 97.7-100%), respectively. The corresponding values for RDT were 31.8% (95% CI = 14.7-54.9%) and 100% (95% CI = 98.3-100%). The RDTs could replace blood smears for diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy by virtue of their relative ease of use. Field-based sensitive tests for malaria in pregnancy are urgently needed.
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuronal Maturation in Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma—a Unique Observation (2008)

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and highly malignant tumour with combined features of a teratoma and carcinosarcoma. We report the first case of a SNTCS in 23 year old male treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by cranio-facial resection. The resection specimen displayed cellular maturation in the neuroectodermal component. The patient presented with a short history of nasal obstruction, epistaxis and headache. On imaging, a bone destroying lesion of left paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity was identified. The diagnosis of SNTCS could be offered only on the third biopsy which showed heterogeneous admixture of primitive neuroectodermal, epithelial and mesenchymal elements. An adequate sampling with high index of suspicion is needed to catch hold this rare tumor. Tumor was excised after 4 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. On microscopic examination, it showed similar epithelial and mesenchymal components as the pretreatment biopsies. However, the primitive neuroectodermal component displayed extensive neuronal maturation. The undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells were completely absent in the post chemotherapy specimen. This case throws light on the morphologic evidence of chemotherapy induced maturation in the neuroectodermal component within SNTCS, an event hitherto not reported in the literature in case of SNTCS.
The Asymptotic Theory of Galton's Test and a Related Simple Estimate of Location (1967)

In [8] Hodges and Lehmann showed that robust estimates of location in the one and two sample problems could be obtained by inverting the known robust nonparametric tests and using as estimates the average of the resulting upper and lower 50 per cent confidence bounds. In particular, they proposed the use of the estimate derived from the Wilcoxon test, the median of averages of pairs of observations. Unfortunately, despite some short cuts viz. [8] and [9] computation of this estimate seems to require on the order of $n^2 \log_2 n$ steps, a prohibitive number. In [7] Hodges proposed a simple alternative estimate $D_n$ given by $D_n = \text{median}_i \frac{1}{2}(Z_{in} + Z_{i(n - i + 1)})$ where $Z_{1n} < \cdots < Z_{nn}$ are the order statistics of the sample under consideration. This procedure as was noted in [7] is related in the sense of Hodges and Lehmann to the one sample analogue of one of the oldest of non parametric tests, the Galton rank order test, viz. [6], [4a]. In this paper we derive the asymptotic theory of $D_n$ by employing an invariance principle due to Bickel [2] and thus relating the limiting distribution to that of certain functionals of Brownian motion. The necessary refinements of the stochastic process convergence results of [2], which may be of use in related problems of asymptotic theory, are gathered in Section 7. Unfortunately, we can only give explicit form to the limiting distribution of $D_n$ in the two cases of rectangular and Laplace parents. Although this limit is not normal we conclude that $D_n$'s scatter is quite close to that of the estimate proposed by Hodges and Lehmann. Using the same techniques we prove in Section 6 the consistency of the Galton test and characterize its power behaviour for alternatives close to the null hypothesis. Finally, Section 4 gives the small sample distribution of the Galton test statistic and of $D_n$ for a rectangular parent. The techniques of this paper carry over quite easily to the two sample situations. Although our evidence is incomplete it would seem that both $D_n$ and the Galton test are robust as well as easily computable non parametric procedures.
Water Deficit Effects on Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide Metabolism in Coleus (1999)

Variegated coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) plants were exposed to a restricted water supply for 21 d. The relative water content in leaf tissues was reduced from 80% (control) to 60% (drought-stressed). Under drought conditions, the stomatal conductance and leaf photosynthetic rate were reduced. In green leaf tissues, drought stress also greatly decreased the diurnal light-period levels of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) stachyose and raffinose, as well as those of other non-structural carbohydrates (galactinol, sucrose, hexoses, and starch). However, drought had little effect on soluble carbohydrate content of white, non-photosynthetic leaf tissues. In green tissues, galactinol synthase activity was depressed by drought stress. An accumulation of O-methyl-inositol was also observed, which is consistent with the induction of myoinositol-6-O-methyltransferase activity seen in the stressed green tissues. In source tissues, RFO metabolism is apparently reduced by drought stress through a combined effect of decreased photosynthesis and reduced galactinol synthase activity. Moreover, a further reduction in RFO biosynthesis may have been due to a switch in carbon partitioning to O-methyl-inositol biosynthesis, creating competition for myoinositol, a metabolite shared by both biochemical pathways.
Sulfate-promoted Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide by Propane in Oxygen-rich Atmosphere (1991)

Abstract The effect of pretreatment with sulfuric acid on several metal oxide catalysts for the title reaction was investigated. TiO2, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 Pretreated with sulfuric acid showed high activity, whereas the activity of Al2O3 was decreased by the treatment.
Temperature dependence of the E2 and A1(LO) phonons in GaN and AlN (1999)

The frequencies and dampings of the zone-center optical phonons E2 and A1(LO) in wurtzite-type GaN and AlN layers have been measured by Raman spectroscopy in the temperature range from 85 to 760 K. The GaN layer was grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and the AlN layer by molecular beam epitaxy both on sapphire substrate. The experimentally obtained frequencies and dampings are modeled by a theory taking into account the thermal expansion of the lattice, a symmetric decay of the optical phonons into two and three phonons of lower energy, and the strain in the layers induced by the different thermal expansion coefficients of layer and substrate. The results were used to determine the local temperature of a GaN pn diode in dependence on the applied voltage.
Poly(propylene fumarate) and Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) as Scaffold Materials for Solid and Foam-Coated Composite Tissue-Engineered Constructs for Cranial Reconstruction (2003)

This pilot study investigates the osseointegration of four types of critical-size (1.5-cm diameter) rabbit cranial defect (n = 35) bone graft scaffolds. The first is a solid poly(propylene fumarate)/beta-tricalcium phosphate(PPF/beta-TCP) disk; the three remaining constructs contain a PPF/beta-TCP core coated with a 1-mm resorptive porous foam layer of PPF or PLGA [poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)], and bone marrow. Animals were killed at 6, 12, and 20 weeks. There was no evidence of a foreign body inflammatory response at any time during the study. Histomorphometric analyses of new bone formation sorted lineal and areal measures of new bone into three cranial layers (i.e., external, middle, and internal). Statistical analyses revealed significantly more bone in the PLGA foam-coated constructs than in the PPF foam-coated constructs (p < 0.03). No implant fixation was used; there is no strength at time 0. Twenty percent of all explants were tested for incorporation strength with a one-point "push-in" test, and failure ranged from 8.3 to 34.7 lb. The results of this study support the use of PPF as a biocompatible material that provides both a structural and osteogenic substrate for the repair of cranial defects.
Inhibitory Effects of Robo2 on Nephrin: A Crosstalk between Positive and Negative Signals Regulating Podocyte Structure (2012)

Robo2 is the cell surface receptor for the repulsive guidance cue Slit and is involved in axon guidance and neuronal migration. Nephrin is a podocyte slit-diaphragm protein that functions in the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Here, we report that Robo2 is expressed at the basal surface of mouse podocytes and colocalizes with nephrin. Biochemical studies indicate that Robo2 forms a complex with nephrin in the kidney through adaptor protein Nck. In contrast to the role of nephrin that promotes actin polymerization, Slit2-Robo2 signaling inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization. In addition, the amount of F-actin associated with nephrin is increased in Robo2 knockout mice that develop an altered podocyte foot process structure. Genetic interaction study further reveals that loss of Robo2 alleviates the abnormal podocyte structural phenotype in nephrin null mice. These results suggest that Robo2 signaling acts as a negative regulator on nephrin to influence podocyte foot process architecture.
Health Index-Based Prognostics for Remaining Useful Life Predictions in Electrical Machines (2016)

Many industries have a growing awareness in utilizing new technologies to improve the reliability and availability of their systems. Prognostics, a subject concerned with the prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL), has been increasingly studied and applied to practical systems, such as electrical systems, over the past few years. Here, with the adoption of a data-driven prognostics framework, this paper proposed a health index (HI)-based prognostics method to predict the RUL of electrical machines. By assuming a linearly degrading HI over time, the proposed method predicts the RUL in two steps: 1) from input signals to HI; and then 2) mapping HI to RUL. The novelty of this method lies in the proposed dynamic HI smoothing approach where three characteristics of HI, namely monotonicity, gradualness, and consistency, are incorporated to smooth the current HI values with the previously predicted ones. Real data collected from eight electrical motors, subjected to accelerated thermal aging process, were used in the experimental studies, with the results showing the superiority of the proposed HI-based RUL prediction over the traditional direct RUL prediction (i.e., without HI).