gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bromo-Boronolactonization of Olefins<sup>1</sup> (2001)

Exposure of a variety of mono- and disubstituted ortho-alkenylarylboronic acids to NBS in THF/H(2)O under neutral conditions affords bromo-boronolactones, in some instances, with exceptional regiocontrol. The adducts, analogous to those formed by carboxylic acids, are shown to be useful synthetic intermediates.
Long-Term Engraftment and Expansion of Tumor-Derived Memory T Cells Following the Implantation of Non-Disrupted Pieces of Human Lung Tumor into NOD-scid IL2Rγnull Mice (2008)

Non-disrupted pieces of primary human lung tumor implanted into NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) mice consistently result in successful xenografts in which tissue architecture, including tumor-associated leukocytes, stromal fibroblasts, and tumor cells are preserved for prolonged periods with limited host-vs-graft interference. Human CD45(+) tumor-associated leukocytes within the xenograft are predominantly CD3(+) T cells with fewer CD138(+) plasma cells. The effector memory T cells that had been shown to be quiescent in human lung tumor microenvironments can be activated in situ as determined by the production of human IFN-gamma in response to exogenous IL-12. Plasma cells remain functional as evidenced by production of human Ig. Significant levels of human IFN-gamma and Ig were detected in sera from xenograft-bearing mice for up to 9 wk postengraftment. Tumor-associated T cells were found to migrate from the microenvironment of the xenograft to the lung, liver, and primarily the spleen. At 8 wk postengraftment, a significant portion of cells isolated from the mouse spleens were found to be human CD45(+) cells. The majority of CD45(+) cells were CD3(+) and expressed a phenotype consistent with an effector memory T cell, consisting of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells that were CD45RO(+), CD44(+), CD62L(-), and CD25(-). Following adoptive transfer into non-tumor bearing NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) mice, these human T cells were found to expand in the spleen, produce IFN-gamma, and maintain an effector memory phenotype. We conclude that the NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) tumor xenograft model provides an opportunity to study tumor and tumor-stromal cell interactions in situ for prolonged periods.
Reaction of diazomethane with quaternary nitrogen compounds to form betaines (1975)

The reaction of diazomethane with 3-carboxy-4-fluorophenyltrimethylammonium iodide (1) affords, not the methyl ester, but the betaine 2-fluoro-5-trimethylammoniobenzoate (2). However, when the iodide anion is replaced by a weaker nucleophile, tetrafluoroborate, the methyl ester is obtained. A mechanism for the betaine reaction is outlined.
Symptomatic efficacy of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial with a six-month treatment period and a two-month followup demonstrating a persistent effect (1998)

ASU treatment showed significant symptomatic efficacy over placebo in the treatment of OA, acting from month 2 and showing a persistent effect after the end of treatment.
Bone ablation with Er:YAG and CO<sub>2</sub> laser: Study of thermal and acoustic effects (1992)

A pulsed Er:YAG laser at 2.94 microns and a superpulsed CO2 laser at 10.6 microns are used to investigate bone ablation applications in otolaryngology. Quantitative measurements of mass removal and the ablation depth of cat skull bone and rat femur are presented with the Er:YAG laser at fluences of 9-117 J/cm2. Histological results show that the minimal thermal injury zone from the edge of the lesion is 5-10 microns. Comparison of the photoacoustic and thermal effects during the ablation process indicates that the temperature rise from the 10.6-microns light was higher than that from the 2.94-microns light but that the photoacoustic wave amplitude produced with the Er:YAG laser was higher than that with the CO2 laser. The fluence used for the efficient ablation of bone tissues produces a photoacoustic wave ranging from 100 to 120 dB. The ear can tolerate this level for a short time period. Results of this study suggest that the Er:YAG laser can be an important surgical tool in otolaryngology.
Risk of Developiment and progression of retinopathy in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Good or Poor Metabolic Control (2000)

peer reviewed
Variation in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Melanoma In Situ (2005)

Considerable variability exists in the clinical concept and management of MIS. Dermoscopy is underutilized. The true nature of the evolution of MIS is unknown. Surgical margins and depth of excision need to be standardized to help dermatologists manage disease. Further research in the specific area of MIS is warranted to develop clear guidelines in the management and prevention of further disease.
Organometallic cation-exchanged phyllosilicates: variable-temperature<sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic and related studies of the adsorption of dimethylaminomethylferrocene on clays and pillared clays (1996)

Variable-temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and temperature-programmed solid insertion probe mass spectrometry (TP-SIP-MS) have been used to study the interaction of dimethylaminomethylferrocene (DMAMF) with Westone-L (WL), a low iron montmorillonite. The hydrochloride salt of DMAMF, (ferrocenylmethyl)dimethylammonium chloride (FMDMACl), was prepared and studied both prior and subsequent toexchange on the interlamellar sites of WL. X-Ray diffraction confirmed that the FMDMA+ cations were incorporated between the clay lamellae and the observed spacing of 15.1 Å was thermally stable up to 200 °C in air. TP-SIP-MS indicated that a small proportion of the incorporated metallocene was volatilised at temperatures below 400 °C, but that the majority decomposed via loss of cyclopentadienyl ligands leaving the metal centre between the sheets. A similar thermal degradation path was observed for DMAMF on aluminium pillared clay (Al-PILC). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the FMDMA+ cation occupied a similar environment in the chloride salt, FMDMA+–WL and DMAMF–Al-PILC insofar as the isomer shift, 6, and quadrupole splitting, Δ, of the incorporated metallocene were essentially the same in all complexes and virtually identical to that observed for FMDMACl(δ= 0.34 mm s–l, δ= 2.32 mm s–l at 300 K). The values for the Debye temperature θ, and recoil-free fraction f determined from variable-temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, were typically 140 K and 0.12, respectively, for FMDMACl and FMDMA+–WL, thus confirming the similar environment occupied by the cation in the chloride salt and in WL. In contrast, the corresponding values for DMAMF–A1-PILC were 118 K and 0.06, respectively, indicating that the the metallocene enjoyed much greater freedom in the galleries of the Al-PILC which exceed the dimensions of the metallocene compared to FMDMA+-WL where the organoiron cation itself determines the layer separation.
放射線によるハッカ属植物の育種学的基礎研究 (第7報)放射線処理による日本ハッカの銹病抵抗性の変異に関する研究 (1970)

1.ハッカの銹病に感受性の日本ハッカ「はくび」(2n=96)の休眠種子に60Coによるγ線10KR,20KRおよびX線10KR,20KRの照射を行ない,X2世代における銹病罹病性の程度を無処理の対射区と比較した. 2.放射線照射を受けた種子からのX2集団は,銹病罹病性に関して無処理集団とは異なる性質を表わし,前者の中には後者の中に見られない強い抵抗性を示す個体があった. 3.X2集団中から選択した抵抗性個体の次代鑑定を行なったところ,X3集団は罹病の程度に関して正規に近い分布を示すので,日本ハッカの銹病の罹病性の遺伝には同義遺伝子あるいはポリジーンが関与していると推定した. 4.γ線処理とX線処理とを比較すると,この実験の範囲内ではγ線の方が日本ハッカの銹病抵抗性変異の創生により有効に働くように思われた。
The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots (2014)

Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
Image structure from mirrors with print-through undulations: theoretical analysis (1997)

The image structure produced by a periodic hexagonal pattern of mirror surface undulations has been analyzed. Such undulations form a two-dimensional phase grating that can result from the polishing of honeycomb mirrors or, for example, meniscus mirrors with a hexagonal pattern of axial supports. For monochromatic light of wavelength lambda, undulations having uniform peak-to-valley amplitude H ? lambda and period L cause a decrease in the central intensity of the point spread function (PSF), and a fraction, ~13(H/lambda)(2), of the total power is diffracted into an infinite hexagonal array of satellite images. These have angular separations of 2lambda/ radical3L and intensity profiles in the form of perfect diffraction limited PSF's, but with intensities decreasing with increasing diffraction order. The six innermost (first-order) satellites each have central intensities approximately 2(H/lambda)(2) times that of the central image. If the amplitudes of the surface bumps are of random size with a normal frequency distribution, then the intensity of the diffracted orders decreases, and an additional weak structure appears over the image plane; the positions and heights of the peaks in this grasslike structure depend on the particular two-dimensional distribution of the random bumps. When the input is polychromatic, the diffracted orders other than zero give images that are elongated radially and decrease outward in intensity with a 1/lambda(4) dependence.
Enhanced film thickness for Néel wall in soft magnetic film by introducing strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy (2016)

This study investigated the magnetic domain walls in a single-layer soft magnetic film with strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy. The soft magnetic film is composed of a highly c-axis-oriented hcp-Co81Ir19 alloy with strong negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The domain structure of the soft Co81Ir19 films with thickness ranging from 50-230 nm in a demagnetization state was observed through magnetic force microscopy and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Results reveal that the critical transition thickness at which the domain wall changes from Néel type to Bloch type is about 138 nm, which is much larger than the critical value of traditional Fe- and Co-based soft magnetic films with negligible magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Theoretical calculation was also performed and the calculated result agrees well with experimental data.
Evaluation of the Cuticle Bleeding Time in Canine Haemophilia A (1986)

In this paper we describe our clinical experience and results with the cuticle bleeding time test in a colony of cross-bred Labrador retrievers with severe haemophilia A. The dogs have a severe bleeding tendency with a high incidence of fatal haemorrhages in the central nervous system. Homozygous females appeared to be especially prone to this lethal complication. Factor VIII recovery and half-life determinations yielded results similar to the data from human studies. The cuticle bleeding time proved to be a good measure of the coagulation defect. The prolongation of the bleeding time could be completely abolished by administration of 10 to 15 units of canine factor VIII per kg body weight. We conclude that the cuticle bleeding time in canine haemophilia provides us with a suitable model for the in vivo study of new therapeutic materials.
Functional assessment of airways bronchoconstriction with nebulized acetyl salicylic acid. (1981)

The aim of our study was to verify the functional modifications affecting central and peripheral airways during bronchoconstriction induced by aerosolized aspirin, so as to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the asthmatic crises in A.S.A. sensitive patients. The preliminary results were presented of a study carried out o 12 asthmatic A.S.A. sensitive patients, 7 of whom were females and 5 males, between the ages of 22 and 57 years. A.S.A. sensitivity was found in their medical history, in some cases, it had been confirmed by oral A.S.A. challenge. Among these patients, 6 were also affected by nasal polyposis. The method used was recently described by Bianco et al. although slightly modified by us: a fresh aqueous solution (18%) of A.S.A. -L is diluted 1:3 in saline; 4 ml of this solution is transferred to a glass nebulizer activated by a small compressor. The patients underwent treatment for 60 sec, during which a dose of approximately 1,8 mg of A.S.A. was inhaled, corresponding to about 40 mg of aspirin taken orally. In comparison with the reactions induced by oral challenge, those obtained with this treatment are easier, faster and confined only to the respiratory system. Before giving A.S.A. to the patients, control tests using saline aerosol were done. The functional assessment was performed under basal conditions, and 1, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes following administration of A.S.A. since bronchoconstriction caused by nebulized A.S.A. usually reaches peak values between the 60th and 90th min. after which it gradually decreases over the following two hours. Our results show that, though A.S.A. induced bronchoconstriction prevails at large airways, it also influences the distal tracts of the tracheobronchial tree, since both SRAW, FEV1 and Vmax50C are modified at the same time.
Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing with Continuous-Variable Cluster States (2014)

A long-standing open question about Gaussian continuous-variable cluster states is whether they enable fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation. The answer is yes. Initial squeezing in the cluster above a threshold value of 20.5 dB ensures that errors from finite squeezing acting on encoded qubits are below the fault-tolerance threshold of known qubit-based error-correcting codes. By concatenating with one of these codes and using ancilla-based error correction, fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation of theoretically indefinite length is possible with finitely squeezed cluster states.
KTF-1, a transcriptional activator of <i>Xenopus</i> embryonic keratin expression (1990)

Nuclear extracts from embryos of Xenopus laevis were shown to contain a protein activity, KTF-1, which binds in vitro to the promoter of the embryonic, epidermis-specific keratin gene, XK81A1. Mobility shift assays, methylation interference and footprinting analysis were used to show that the KTF-1 binding site contains an imperfect, palindromic sequence, ACCCTGAGGCT. This sequence occurs once in the XK81A1 promoter, 152-162 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. A construct of the keratin gene in which this sequence was altered so that it no longer binds KTF-1 in vitro showed severely reduced transcription levels upon injection into Xenopus embryos, but retained epidermal specificity. Addition of KTF-1 binding sites also enhanced epidermal and non-epidermal activity of a heterologous promoter, Xenopus beta-globin, in embryos. These results suggest that KTF-1 is a general activator of embryonic keratin transcription, which acts in concert with other factors to produce high levels of epidermis-specific expression.
Nanoporous-Carbon Coatings for Gas-Phase Chemical Microsensors (2006)

Nanoporous-carbon (NPC) is compared directly to commonly-used polymers as a gassorbing coating material on surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor devices. The sensing capability of these materials is measured for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic-industrial chemicals (TICs), and a chemical warfare agents (CWA) simulant. All of the coatings reversibly sorb and desorb the volatile VOC and TIC compounds, however, NPC outperforms the polymers over the range of analyte concentrations studied, especially at the lowest levels, by multiple ordersof- magnitude. Conversely, NPC has good retention properties for the semi-volatile CWA simulant tested, which while detrimental for use on a reversible SAW device, infers that NPC may be wellsuited as a preconcentrator coating for such analytes. NPC is a highly-disordered low-density carbon containing both nanopores and increased interplanar spacing between graphene sheet fragments, self-assembles using pulsed laser deposition, has no residual-stress at room temperature, is stable to 600 °C, and is chemically-inert in harsh environments. It has superior chemical and aging properties compared to the conventional polymer films used in microsensor devices.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide core synthesis mutations on the production of<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>O-antigen in<i>Escherixhia coli</i>K-12 (1991)

The rfb genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa serotype) were subcloned into a derivative of pBR322. This plasmid was transformed into several Escherichia coli K-12 mutant strains which produce an incomplete lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-core-oligosaccharide region. The data indicate that the V. cholerae O-antigen is assembled onto the E. coli LPS and that at least two glucoses are needed in the core in order to achieve a high level of production. These data are consistent with the reported presence of glucose in the V. cholerae LPS-core-oligosaccharide region.
Photonic THz generation in GaAs via resonantly enhanced intracavity multispectral mixing (2011)

We generate tunable (1.5–2 THz) terahertz output with up to 200 μW average power in periodically inverted GaAs using resonantly enhanced multispectral frequency mixing inside the cavity of a type-0 optical parametric oscillator operating at degeneracy. The optical parametric oscillator was synchronously pumped by a 1064-nm picosecond Yb-fiber laser and produced, due to the presence of an intracavity Fabry-Pérot etalon, a set of optical frequency peaks spaced at the desired THz interval that allows efficient THz wave production via difference frequency generation. The proposed method is well adapted for cascaded THz generation, where the quantum conversion limit can be significantly surpassed.
Art as Experience (1934) (2026)

“Seni Sebagai Pengalaman” telah berkembang dan dipertimbangkan secara internasional sebagai karya paling terkenal yang pernah ditulis oleh John Dewey, seorang Amerika, pada struktur formal dan efek karakteristik dari semua seni: arsitektur, patung, lukisan, musik dan sastra. Buku ini wajib dibaca oleh seniman maupun kolektorseni untuk memperdalam pengetahuan perspektif pada seni. Pada prinsipnya buku ini mengulas tentang estetika seni.
2-D Locally Regularized Tissue Strain Estimation From Radio-Frequency Ultrasound Images: Theoretical Developments and Results on Experimental Data (2008)

In this paper, a 2-D locally regularized strain estimation method for imaging deformation of soft biological tissues from radio-frequency (RF) ultrasound (US) data is introduced. Contrary to most 2-D techniques that model the compression-induced local displacement as a 2-D shift, our algorithm also considers a local scaling factor in the axial direction. This direction-dependent model of tissue motion and deformation is induced by the highly anisotropic resolution of RF US images. Optimal parameters are computed through the constrained maximization of a similarity criterion defined as the normalized correlation coefficient. Its value at the solution is then used as an indicator of estimation reliability, the probability of correct estimation increasing with the correlation value. In case of correlation loss, the estimation integrates an additional constraint, imposing local continuity within displacement and strain fields. Using local scaling factors and regularization increase the method's robustness with regard to decorrelation noise, resulting in a wider range of precise measurements. Results on simulated US data from a mechanically homogeneous medium subjected to successive uniaxial loadings demonstrate that our method is theoretically able to accurately estimate strains up to 17%. Experimental strain images of phantom and cut specimens of bovine liver clearly show the harder inclusions.
Europeanizing Regional Governance in Europe? (2003)

Maura Adshead's Developing European Regions? can be located in the general area of public policy analysis applied within the specific context of the European Union. In it, Adshead offers a comparative analysis of EU regional policy, with empirical cases drawn from regions in three different EU countries: Thuringen in Germany, Limerick in Ireland, and Merseyside in the United Kingdom. Her objective is to establish the extent to which the regional policy arena has been effectively Europeanized across different European regions. As such, this book will be relevant not only for students of European studies and public policy analysis, but also for those interested more generally in comparative politics and area studies. As befits a book that began life as a doctoral thesis, the first chapter of Developing European Regions? contains a careful discussion of the theoretical and methodological issues that frame the study. To her credit, Adshead explicitly moves beyond...
Effective Use of Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory (2015)

Mass spectrometry continues to play a prominent role in the field of laboratory medicine. The advancement of this technology along with the development of new applications will only accelerate the incorporation of mass spectrometry into more areas of medicine.