gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Improvement of Production Profile While Managing Reservoir Uncertainties with Inflow Control Devices Completions (2015)

Abstract The distributions of various parameters such as of the petro-physical properties, fluid contacts, relative permeabilities, aquifer strength etc. influence oil production profile. This requires implementing probabilistic approaches important for the field's performance prediction. Advanced Well Completions (AWCs) are capable to reactively and/or proactively mitigate the unpredictable production conditions of hydrocarbon reservoirs particularly in case of the heterogeneous reservoirs. However, determining the optimum design of the devices is still a big challenge since it should have been done respecting the long-term performance of the completion. This requires using reservoir models that include significant level of uncertainty due to ambiguity of the reservoir and geological parameters used. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach was applied to evaluate various dynamic uncertain parameters with different distributions profiles. Numerous realisations of the reservoir models were also generated to provide a confident level of geological uncertainty by a sequential Gaussian simulation algorithm. Various completions such as Open-hole, Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICDs) were deployed in horizontal wells to investigate the uncertainty management by the well completions. The results showed AICDs completions are more appropriate to reduce the production of the unwanted fluids and increase oil recovery than ICDs. Moreover, overall as well as the individual impacts of the uncertain parameters on oil production profile were evaluated by statistical analysis. This helps determining the most influencing parameters on the production profile as well as the most influenced uncertain parameters when AWCs are deployed. The results showed that although both of the AICDs and ICDs completions significantly reduce the oil production variations comparing with Open-hole completion, AICDs completions perform much better than the ICDs to manage the effects of the reservoir uncertainties on oil recovery. The study aims at providing approaches quantifying the impacts of AWCs on the reservoir uncertainties and confirming the long-term benefits of AWCs while reducing the risk associated with the field's development plan.
Strategies for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Effects<sup>†</sup> (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for the selective destruction of cancerous and nonneoplastic pathologies that involves the simultaneous presence of light, oxygen and a light-activatable chemical called a photosensitizer (PS) to achieve a cytotoxic effect. The photophysics and mechanisms of cell killing by PDT have been extensively studied in recent years, and PDT has received regulatory approval for the treatment of a number of diseases worldwide. As the application of this treatment modality expands with regard to both anatomical sites and disease stages, it will be important to develop strategies for enhancing PDT outcomes. This article focuses on two broad approaches for PDT enhancement: (1) mechanism-based combination treatments in which PDT and a second modality can be designed to either increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to PDT or nullify the treatment outcome-mitigating molecular responses triggered by PDT of tumors, and (2) the more recent approaches of PS targeting, either by specific cellular function-sensitive linkages or via conjugation to macromolecules.
Processing Technologies of Semiconducting Polymer Composite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Cell Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Optimization of Bulk Heterojunction Composite Nanostructures Fabrication of Sub-20 nm Scale Semiconducting Polymer Nanostructure Conclusions References
Understanding the critical challenges of self-aligned octuple patterning (2014)

In this paper, we present a thorough investigation of self-aligned octuple patterning (SAOP) process characteristics, cost structure, integration challenges, and layout decomposition. The statistical characteristics of SAOP CD variations such as multi-modality are analyzed and contributions from various features to CDU and MTT (mean-to-target) budgets are estimated. The gap space is found to have the worst CDU+MTT performance and is used to determine the required overlay accuracy to ensure a satisfactory edge-placement yield of a cut process. Moreover, we propose a 5-mask positive-tone SAOP (pSAOP) process for memory FEOL patterning and a 3-mask negative-tone SAOP (nSAOP) process for logic BEOL patterning. The potential challenges of 2-D SAOP layout decomposition for BEOL applications are identified. Possible decomposition approaches are explored and the functionality of several developed algorithm is verified using 2-D layout examples from Open Cell Library.
6-Amino-6-deoxyhexonolactams (1988)

6-Azido-6-deoxy-D-mannose ( III ), prepared from methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside, 6-azido-6-deoxy-D-talose ( XI ), prepared from methyl 6-azido-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside ( VII ) via 4-keto derivative VIII , and 6-azido-6-deoxy-L-idose ( XVIII ), obtained from 5,6-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-L-idofuranose, on oxidation with bromine and subsequent reduction of the azido group afforded the corresponding 6-amino-6-deoxyhexonolactams V, XV , and XXI . 6-Amino-6-deoxyhexonic acids IV and XIV were also prepared.
Modulating Restriction Endonuclease Activities and Specificities Using Neutral Detergents (1999)

It is well known that type II restriction enzyme activities and specificities can be modulated by altering solution conditions. The addition of co-solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), alcohols and polyols can promote star activity, which is the cleavage of non-cognate sequences. While neutral detergents are often used to control protein aggregation, little is known about the effect of neutral detergents on restriction enzyme activities and specificities. We report here that BamHI, BglI, BglII, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, MluI, PvuII, SalI and XhoI restriction endonucleases are remarkably tolerant of high concentrations of neutral detergents Triton X-100, CHAPS and octyl glucoside. In most cases, lambda DNA cleavage rates were comparable to those observed in the absence of detergent. Indeed, the specific activities of SalI and XhoI were appreciably increased in the presence of Triton X-100. For all enzymes active in the presence of detergents, sequence specificity toward lambda DNA was not compromised. Assays of star cleavage of pUC18 by EcoRI, PvuII and BamHI endonucleases in equimolar concentrations of Triton X-100 and sucrose revealed reduced star activity in the detergent relative to the sucrose co-solvent. Interestingly, under star activity-promoting conditions, PvuII endonuclease displayed greater fidelity in Triton X-100 than in conventional buffer. Taken altogether, these results suggest that in some cases, neutral detergents can be used to manipulate restriction endonuclease reaction rates and specificities.
Studies on the Chemical Structure and the Antigenic Determinant of Type II Antigen of Group F Streptococci (1969)

Summary Group F steptococci, as well as a series of unclassified streptococcal strains, designated z, may contain similar type antigens. The studies reported here are concerned with the chemical structure and the nature of the antigenic determinant of the Type II antigen. This antigen contains galactosamine, galactose, rhamnose and glucose in molar ratios of 1:1:2:2. Partial acid hydrolysis of the antigen followed by separatory procedures yielded four disaccharides and three higher oligosaccharides. One of these, oligosaccharide C, contains N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, rhamnose and glucose in molar ratios of 1:1:1:2, and is probably a pentasaccharide. Because this pentasaccharide contains these sugars in nearly the same molar ratios as is the case for the native antigen, it is conceivable that this hydrolysis product is representative of repetitive structural units in the native antigen. The composition and structure of the disaccharides indicates that the sequence of sugars in the pentasaccharide is O-β-(N-acetyl-d-galactosaminyl)-(1-2)-O-α-d-galactosyl-(1-2)-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-(1-4)-O-β-d-glucosyl-(1-4)-d-glucose. Immunochemical studies support the view that this pentasaccharide is the antigenic determinant of the carbohydrate and that N-acetyl-galactosamine is the terminal sugar.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins and Analysis of the Pherogram Profiles by Analog Computer (1977)

A micro-method of agarose gel electrophoresis requiring 1--3 ml of cerebrospinal fluid for quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins is described. After concentration of CSF to about 50 microliter by ultrafiltration and refractometric determination of protein, approximately 20--40 microgram of total protein are used for electrophoresis. Photometric scanning of the electrophoretic pattern at two different wavelengths permits quantitative evaluation. The pherograms are analysed by means of a modified DU-PONT analog computer. Factors which influence quantitative electrophoresis are examined. In cerebrospinal fluid of normal children 15 protein fractions are demonstrated: 2 prealbumins, albumin, 5 alpha-, 3 beta- and 4 gamma-globulins.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hierarchical N- and O-Doped Porous Carbon Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitors (2018)

Hierarchical N- and O-doped porous carbon composites were prepared by hydrothermally assembling of silk fibers with low molecular weight phenolic resin, followed by carbonization and KOH activation process. Silk fibroin is expected to provide nitrogen and oxygen functionalities for the final composite carbon. The introduction of thin layer graphitic structures of low molecular weight phenolic resin-derived carbon offers more abundant structures, low resistance, and hierarchical porosity with a high BET surface area of 1927 m 2 ·g −1 . The composition and electrochemical properties of the composite carbon have been studied as a function of the annealing temperature for KOH activation process. The obtained carbon composite exhibits high specific capacitance as high as 330 F·g −1 (1000 mF·cm −2 ) at 0.5 A·g −1 , good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability (91% of capacitance retention after 10000 cycles) in 6 M KOH electrolyte.
Design Validation of Multithreaded Processors Using Threads Evolution (2010)

Within the design arena of modern devices based on cutting-edge processor cores, the availability of effective verification, validation and test methodologies able to work on high-level descriptions of processor cores represents an interesting advantage, since it can dramatically reduce the overall time for design and manufacturing, while improving yield and quality. In this paper we propose a semi-automatic test program generation technique able to target modules in modern computer architectures that implement the multithreading paradigm. The methodology starts from high level descriptions of processor cores and using an incremental multi-run approach produces, with very limited manual intervention, a test set able to maximize verification metrics. Experimental results gathered on a couple of real complex designs (the OpenSPARC™ T1 and T2) show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
The effect of handgrip span on isometric exercise performance (1980)

Fourteen male and eight female volunteers served as subjects in these experiments lo determine the effect of hand tool dimensions on isometric strength, endurance, the surface EMG above the active muscle, and the cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise. As reported by others, we found that for each individual, there existed one handgrip size at which he or she could exert the greatest isometric strength. Endurance was the same at any work load relative to the maximum strength for a given grip dimension. The EMG and blood pressure responses to isometric exercise were the same at any given grip span: however, the heart rate response was lowest when subjects worked with their muscles at the optimal grip span.
Doxorubicin Resistance Conferred by Selective Enhancement of Intracellular Glutathione Peroxidase or Superoxide Dismutase Content in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (1991)

To examine the role of doxorubicin-stimulated oxyradical formation in tumor cell killing, we introduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) into MCF-7 cells by "scrape loading." Control cytoplasmic GSH Px and SOD levels increased from (mean +/- S.E.) 0.37 nmol/min/mg and 0.58 microgram SOD/mg, respectively, to 3.99 or 7.63 nmol/min/mg and 1.40 or 1.83 micrograms SOD/mg after treatment with either 150 or 300 units/ml of GSH Px or 20 or 40 mg/ml SOD. Resistance to doxorubicin was correlated with the level of GSH Px introduced into the MCF-7 cells; a one-hour exposure to 1.75 microM doxorubicin decreased the cloning efficiency of control cells loaded with medium alone to 34%, whereas doxorubicin-treated cells augmented with 150 or 300 units/ml of GSH Px had plating efficiencies of 56 or 86%, P less than 0.05. Introduction of SOD increased MCF-7 resistance to doxorubicin similarly. The heat-inactivated enzymes were not protective. Cells loaded with GSH Px were also resistant to the redox cycling anticancer quinone mitomycin C but not to the redox inactive analogs 5-iminodaunorubicin and mitoxantrone, suggesting that amplification of GSH Px or SOD levels can produce doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 cells.
Novel extraction method of the maximum variation-rate of State-of-Polarization vector from time-varying birefringence (2016)

Novel extraction method of the instantaneous maximum variation-rate of State-of-Polarization vector is proposed. The maximum rate is analytically determined by the eigenvalues of an operator derived by time-derivative of Jones-matrix. Validity is experimentally confirmed.
Fast Multi-Frame Motion Estimation for H.264 and Its Applications to Complexity-Aware Streaming (2005)

JVT/H.264 achieves higher compression efficiency than previous video coding standards such as MPEG4 and H.263. However, this comes at the cost of increased complexity due to the use of variable block-size, multiple reference frame motion compensation, and other advanced coding algorithms. In this paper, we present a fast motion estimation algorithm. This algorithm is based on an adaptive search strategy and a flexible multi-frame search scheme. Compared to the H.264 reference software JM 8.5, this algorithm achieves, on average, a 522% reduction of encoding time, with negligible PSNR drop and bit-rate increase. Performance comparison results are described, and the architecture of a complexity-aware streaming server that applies the algorithm to provide differentiated services is discussed.
Development of phase morphology in incompatible polymer blends during mixing and its variation in extrusion (1984)

Abstract An experimental study of the development of phase morphology in incompatible polymer melt blends of polyethylene/polystyrene (PE/PS), polyethylene/polycarbonate (PE/PC), and polyethylene/nylon‐6 (PE/N6) is presented. Different temperatures (180°C, 240°C) of mixing and polyethylene molecular‐ weight levels were used in the PE/PS studies. Little variation in the cross‐sectional phase morphology of the PE/PS extrudates was observed with these variables, though the morphology became finer with increased shear rate/stress in capillary die flow. Variations in the longitudinal morphology are observed with continuous filaments of dispersed phase only arising when the dispersed phase has an equal or lower viscosity than the continuous phase. The PE/N6 and PE/PC, especially the former, give coarser morphologies when the N6 and PC are the continuous phases. This was attributed to larger inter‐facial tensions. The effect of viscoelasticity was also discussed.
Planning and Integrating Deception into Computer Security Defenses (2014)

Deceptive techniques played a prominent role in many human conflicts throughout history. Digital conflicts are no different as the use of deception has found its way to computing since at least the 1980s. However, many computer defenses that use deception were ad-hoc attempts to incorporate deceptive elements. In this paper, we present a model that can be used to plan and integrate deception in computer security defenses. We present an overview of fundamental reasons why deception works and the essential principles involved in using such techniques. We investigate the unique advantages deception-based mechanisms bring to traditional computer security defenses. Furthermore, we show how our model can be used to incorporate deception in many part of computer systems and discuss how we can use such techniques effectively. A successful deception should present plausible alternative(s) to the truth and these should be designed to exploit specific adversaries' biases. We investigate these biases and discuss how can they be used by presenting a number of examples.
Paradoxes, Parallels and Fictions: The Case for Landlord Tort Liability Under the Revised Uniform Residential Landlord-Tenant Act (2015)

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Anticalcification Treatments of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: In Vivo Studies in Sheep (1989)

Studies performed by other investigators have shown that a number of preimplantation processes inhibit the calcification of pieces of porcine aortic valves and of bovine parietal pericardium subcutaneously implanted in rats. To evaluate biological reactivity with these biomaterials functioning in an intracardiac position, mitral and tricuspid valve replacements were performed in young sheep to assess the effects of the following preimplantation processes: (1) surfactants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate, polysorbate-80, Triton X-100 and N-lauryl sarcosine; (2) covalently bound aminohydroxypropane diphosphonic acid; (3) toluidine blue; and (4) incorporation of polyacrylamide into valvular tissues. Quantitative calcium analyses showed that only the surfactants substantially reduced calcification, and only in porcine aortic valvular bioprostheses. However, morphological studies showed that some of these agents also induced alterations that decreased the durability of the valves. Toluidine blue decreased calcification to a degree that was statistically significant, but not biologically important. Polyacrylamide incorporation and diphosphonate binding increased calcification. Thus, data regarding anticalcification treatments obtained from subcutaneous implantation studies in small animal models should be cautiously interpreted and validated by studies with intracardiac valvular implantation in large animals.
Concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Conclusive results of a randomized phase III trial by the EORTC Brain & RT Groups and NCIC Clinical Trials Group (2004)

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Preparation of Ag Nanowire Array Electrode by Transplantation and its Electrochemical Activities (2007)

Ordered Ag nanowire array electrodes were prepared by transplantation, in which Ag nanowire array embedded in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template was transplanted onto the surface of kryptol electrode. Its morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electrochemical behaviors for methylene blue were investigated by means of cyclic voltammertry. The experimental results show that the array electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activities of methylene blue on the Ag nanowire array electrode.
Myogenin is required for late but not early aspects of myogenesis during mouse development. (1995)

Mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix regulatory protein myogenin have severe muscle defects resulting in perinatal death. In this report, the effect of myogenin's absence on embryonic and fetal development is investigated. The initial events of somite differentiation occurred normally in the myogenin-mutant embryos. During primary myogenesis, muscle masses in mutant embryos developed simultaneously with control siblings, although muscle differentiation within the mutant muscle masses was delayed. More dramatic effects were observed when secondary myofibers form. During this time, very little muscle formation took place in the mutants, suggesting that the absence of myogenin affected secondary myogenesis more severely than primary myogenesis. Monitoring mutant neonates with fiber type-specific myosin isoforms indicated that different fiber types were present in the residual muscle. No evidence was found to indicate that myogenin was required for the formation of muscle in one region of the embryo and not another. The expression patterns of a MyoD-lacZ transgene in myogenin-mutant embryos demonstrated that myogenin was not essential for the activation of the MyoD gene. Together, these results indicate that late stages of embryogenesis are more dependent on myogenin than early stages, and that myogenin is not required for the initial aspects of myogenesis, including myotome formation and the appearance of myoblasts.
Deformation‐based nuclear morphometry: Capturing nuclear shape variation in HeLa cells (2007)

The empirical characterization of nuclear shape distributions is an important unsolved problem with many applications in biology and medicine. Numerous genetic diseases and cancers have alterations in nuclear morphology, and methods for characterization of morphology could aid in both diagnoses and fundamental understanding of these disorders. Automated approaches have been used to measure features related to the size and shape of the cell nucleus, and statistical analysis of these features has often been performed assuming an underlying Euclidean (linear) vector space. We discuss the difficulties associated with the analysis of nuclear shape in light of the fact that shape spaces are nonlinear, and demonstrate methods for characterizing nuclear shapes and shape distributions based on spatial transformations that map one nucleus to another. By combining large deformation metric mapping with multidimensional scaling we offer a flexible approach for elucidating the intrinsic nonlinear degrees of freedom of a distribution of nuclear shapes. More specifically, we demonstrate approaches for nuclear shape interpolation and computation of mean nuclear shape. We also provide a method for estimating the number of free parameters that contribute to shape as well as an approach for visualizing most representative shape variations within a distribution of nuclei. The proposed methodology can be completely automated, is independent of the dimensionality of the images, and can handle complex shapes. Results obtained by analyzing two sets of images of HeLa cells are shown. In addition to identifying the modes of variation in normal HeLa nuclei, the effects of lamin A/C on nuclear morphology are quantitatively described.