gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing Complex Similarity Queries with Distance-based Access Methods (1998)

Efficient evaluation of similarity queries is one of the basic requirements for advanced multimedia applications. In this paper, we consider the relevant case where complex similarity queries are defined through a generic language L and whose predicates refer to a single feature F . Contrary to the language level which deals only with similarity scores, the proposed evaluation process is based on distances between feature values - known spatial or metric indexes use distances to evaluate predicates. The proposed solution suggests that the index should process complex queries as aw hole, thus evaluating multiple similarity predicates at a time. The flexibility of our approach is demonstrated by considering three di#erent similaritylanguages, and showing how the M-tree access method has been extended to this purpose. Experimental results clearly show that performance of the extended M-tree is consistently better than that of state-of-the-art search algorithms.
Reconstructing Medical Dictations from Automatically Recognized and Non-Literal Transcripts with Phonetic Similarity Matching (2007)

In this paper, we describe the automatic reconstruction of literal transcriptions for medical dictations from a non-literal transcription and an automatically recognized speech transcript by phonetic similarity matching and alignment. We present a customized phonetic similarity measure which is trained on a set of phonetically similar string pairs, returns interpretable alignment results, and is robust in its application. Furthermore, we introduce flexible automatic phonetic transcription with regular expressions to deal with formatted entities in written texts and alternative pronunciations in recognized texts. In an evaluation, our method reduced the word error rate for the reconstructed transcription by 12% relative.
Effect of Cryoprotectants on Frozen Whitefish Fillets (1988)

ABSTRACT Whitefish fillets ( Coregonus cupleaformis ) were treated with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), monosodium glutamate (MSG) or a high‐pH buffer by high pressure injection, then frozen and stored at −12°C. Control samples included untreated fillets stored at −12°C and −60°C, and STP‐dipped fillets (−12°C). Samples treated with STP or high‐pH buffer showed better textural properties (reduced centrifugal drip, cooked drip and firmness) than untreated control samples. High pressure injection of STP was not significantly better and sometimes less effective than surface application. Sensory analysis at 18 wk revealed that STP‐treated samples (−12°C) were significantly preferred over untreated control samples (−12°C) but not over −60°C control samples.
The Nature of the True Catalyst in Transfer Hydrogenation with Alcohol Donors Using (arene)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Ru&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;(II)/TsDPEN Precursor (2014)

The widespread precatalyst (prepared in-situ or ex-situ) (arene) RuTsDPEN advocated for highly effectual asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reactions with 2-propanol as hydrogen donor at ambient conditions, is proven to be unstable under the strong reducing conditions prevailing in the reaction mixtures (blend of alcohol and a base such as KOH). We assert that the true catalysts are the ruthenium metal nanoclusters formed swiftly under the reducing conditions of these systems. The TsDPEN ligand plays a critical role in the generation and formatting of the active catalyst including wreaking chiral properties to the so formed catalytic nanoparticles. Kinetic measurements, NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and TEM analyses corroborate this argument.
Backchan.nl (2008)

In this paper, we describe backchan.nl, a web based backchannel system that focuses on managing questions for presenters by allowing audience members propose and vote on other people's questions. Top rated questions are projected in the presentation space so audience members, moderators, and panelists can see them. We discuss the results of deploying this system at a conference and relate those results to the particular design of our system, demonstrating how backchannel systems can be more than just shared chat rooms.
The Reaction of Malononitrile with Substituted Hydrazines: New Routes to 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Malononitrile with Substituted Hydrazines: New Routes to 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines1,2Edward C. Taylor and Klaus S. HartkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2456–2464Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beam Hardening, Noise, and Contrast Considerations in Selective Iodine Digital Radiography (1981)

Temporal and dual beam energy subtraction are discussed in conjunction with selective imaging of iodine. Several different kinds of energy subtraction are described and their relative sensitivities to noise are predicted. Effects due to beam hardening are demonstrated for temporal and energy subtraction. Hardening errors are more severe for the latter case by about a factor of three. A possible hardening correction is presented for energy subtraction and an experimental example is provided. Techniques for choosing optimized spectra and data handling for dual beam energy subtraction are presented. These include qualitative principles for spectral selection, identification of the individual noise contributions from the two beams, use of weighted least squares fits, and beam hardening and exposure reduction through the use of filtration.
Research on complex multi-state distribution system reliability modeling and assessment methods based on Bayesian networks and random set theory (2010)

For the difficulties of quantitative analysis in the reliability of power distribution system composed of the multi-state components and the limitations of the traditional fault-tree reliability evaluation in the distribution system,a new method of modeling and assessment of multi-state distribution system reliability based on BN and random set theory are proposed in this paper. By using the advantages of the establishment of a clear hierarchy of power distribution system model composed of the uncertain sources and figurative direct expression of Bayesian network, This model not only plays a role in distribution system reliability evaluation indicators, but also quantitatively analyses the impact of the components on the system which is on the basis of unified random set model of classical combination rules included DemPster combination rule?The model is presented in this paper provide a solid foundation for improved in distribution system. This paper uses Bayesian network to analyze a 10KV substation which contains 8 outlet, 12 circuit breaker, isolating switch 38, 106 Fuse on TAIZHOU city, Zhejiang Province. Algorithm calculate the distribution system reliability targets, but also can calculate the probability of the various components under the conditions of the probability of the system to normal or fault operational status. Improve distribution system reliability purposes can be achieved by locate to improve the reliability of certain components Therefore, the proposed algorithm can calculate the reliability index at the same time calculate the various components probability on the conditions of the system state, both draw on the overall assessment of the entire distribution system, but also play a role in diagnosis of weak links. Have been tested to verify the legitimacy and effectiveness of the algorithm, this method can be applied to a complex distribution system reliability evaluation.
Image Processing Applications of the Liquid Crystal Light Valve. (1978)

The liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) is employed toward three distinct real-time applications in coherent optical processing. First, it is demonstrated that a real-time system for resolution improvement of distant objects (whose spin Doppler-encodes reflected laser light) is feasible. Secondly, a method for obtaining range-slice images of laboratory models is shown. Further processing, which leads to simulated range-Doppler reference images (like those obtainable from microwave radar), is then demonstrated. The third application of the LCLV uses the device integration time to discriminate dramatically between moving and static speckle in an input image. Real-time image discrimination of slowly moving, laser-illuminated camouflage is therefore possible. (Author)
HiTC: exploration of high-throughput ‘C’ experiments (2012)

The R package HiTC is available from the Bioconductor website. A detailed vignette provides additional documentation and help for using the package.
Thermal conductivity of magnesium oxide from absolute, steady-state measurements (1998)

The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline magnesium oxide has been measured over the temperature range from 400 K to 1300 K using a modified guarded-hot-plate design. Three different thicknesses of specimens having 93 % of theoretical density were tested to verify the operation, accuracy, and reproducibility of our apparatus. The measured thermal conductivity ranges from 30 W · m<sup>-1</sup> · K<sup>-1</sup> down to 8 W · m<sup>-1</sup> · K<sup>-1</sup> and has an inverse-temperature functionality. The results agree well with literature values for this material.
Abstract C86: The clinical candidate ZEN-3694, a novel BET bromodomain inhibitor, is efficacious in the treatment of a variety of solid tumor and hematological malignancies, alone or in combination with several standard of care and targeted therapies (2015)

Abstract ZEN-3694 is an orally bioavailable small molecule discovered and developed from a BET bromodomain inhibitor discovery platform. In vitro, ZEN-3694 selectively binds to both bromodomains of the BET proteins, inhibiting the interaction of acetylated histone peptide with IC50 values in low nM range. ZEN-3694 inhibits proliferation of MV4-11 AML cells with an IC50 of 0.2 uM, and inhibits MYC mRNA expression with an IC50 of 0.16 uM. ZEN-3694 has also demonstrated strong activity against many solid tumor and hematological cell lines with sub-uM IC50 values. In vitro synergy with Standard of Care (SOC) agents has been shown in a wide variety of malignancies including Breast, Prostate, Lung, Melanoma, AML, and DLBCL. Xenograft studies conducted with ZEN-3694 in AML, prostate and breast cancer models have demonstrated that it is efficacious at well-tolerated doses, modulating target gene expression and halting tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. In the AR positive VCAP prostate cancer cell line, ZEN-3694 inhibits proliferation synergistically with the AR antagonists enzalutamide and ARN-509. In an in vitro enzalutamide resistance model characterized by the up-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GR expression was inhibited by ZEN-3694 in a dose-dependent manner. Sensitivity to ZEN-3694 was unaltered, suggesting that it could be a valid therapeutic approach in patients developing resistance to AR antagonists through GR induction. Robust PD modulation has been observed across multiple matrices for ZEN-3694 and will be explored further in the clinic. Promising target validation data, excellent pharmacological properties, and robust activity of ZEN-3694 across a variety of hematological malignancy and solid tumor settings support the clinical development of ZEN-3694 in various oncologic indications. Citation Format: Sarah Attwell, Eric Campeau, Ravi Jahagirdar, Olesya Kharenko, Karen Norek, Laura Tsujikawa, Cyrus Calosing, Reena Patel, Emily Gesner, Sanjay Lakhotia, Henrik Hansen. The clinical candidate ZEN-3694, a novel BET bromodomain inhibitor, is efficacious in the treatment of a variety of solid tumor and hematological malignancies, alone or in combination with several standard of care and targeted therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C86.
Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes Catalyzed by an Organic Photoredox System (2013)

Herein we report a metal-free method for the direct anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unsaturated amines. Irradiation of the amine substrates with visible light in the presence of catalytic quantities of easily synthesized 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium tetrafluoroborate and thiophenol as a hydrogen-atom donor furnished the nitrogen-containing heterocycles with complete regiocontrol. Two examples of intermolecular anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroamination are also disclosed.
소도시 경관 실태 분석에 관한 연구 (2011)

우리나라 소도시들은 농경산업을 기반으로 형성된 도시들로서 수려한 자연 경관과 역사적인 문화 공간을 보존하고 있으나, 산업화 이후 소도시 중심부와 주변은 소도시가 갖는 고유한 정서와 달리 새로운 방향으로 진행되고 있다. 계획적인 개발보다 난개발에 의한 기존 시설물과의 부조화, 낡고 오래된 건축물의 보수 및 유지 관리가 제대로 이루어지지 않아 도시의 경관은 좋은 이미지를 제공하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 담양군의 중심부와 그 주변의 농촌경관과 도시경관이 새로운 변화와 함께 새로운 양상으로 전개되고 있는데 그 변화의 실태를 파악하고, 도시 경관의 변화를 가져오는 주요한 요인을 분석하여 이러한 변화를 담양 도시경관에 적절하게 대응시킬 수 있는 방향을 모색하고, 향후 담양의 도시 경관 계획 및 도시경관의 보존을 위한 기초적 자료의 제공하고자 한다.
SURFACE FINISH SPECIFICATIONS AT OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (1951)

water and sediment samples. The samples will be analyzed for various organic, inorganic, and radiological parameters. The information derived from the surface water monitoring, sampling, and analysis will aid in evaluating risk associated with contaminants migrating off-WAG, and will be used in calculations to establish relationships between contaminant concentration (C) and flow (Q). The C-Q relationship will be used in calculating the cumulative risk associated with the off-WAG migration of contaminants.
THE RATE OF BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF PENICILLIN IN VITRO AS A FUNCTION OF ITS CONCENTRATION, AND ITS PARADOXICALLY REDUCED ACTIVITY AT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST CERTAIN ORGANISMS (1948)

1. The concentrations of penicillin G which (a) reduced the net rate of multiplication, (b) exerted a net bactericidal effect, and (c) killed the organisms at a maximal rate, have been defined for a total of 41 strains of alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, and the Reiter treponoma. 2. The concentration which killed the organisms at a maximal rate was 2 to 20 times the minimal effective level ("sensitivity" as ordinarily defined). With some organisms, even a 32,000-fold increase beyond this maximally effective level did not further increase the rate of its bactericidal effect. However, with approximately half the strains here studied (all 4 strains of group B beta-hemolytic streptococci, 4 of 5 group C strains, 5 of 7 strains of Streptococcus fecalis, 2 of 4 other alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and 4 of 9 strains of staphylococci), when the concentration of penicillin was increased beyond that optimal level, the rate at which the organisms died was paradoxically reduced rather than increased, so that the maximal effect was obtained only within a relatively narrow optimal zone. 3. There were marked differences between bacterial species, and occasionally between different strains of the same species, not only with respect to the effective concentrations of penicillin, but also with respect to the maximal rate at which they could be killed by the drug in any concentration. Although there was a rough correlation between these two factors, there were many exceptions; individual strains affected only by high concentrations of penicillin might nevertheless be killed rapidly, while strains sensitive to minute concentrations might be killed only slowly. 4. Within the same bacterial suspension, individual organisms varied only to a minor degree with respect to the effective concentrations of penicillin. They varied strikingly, however, in their resistance to penicillin as measured by the times required to kill varying proportions of the cells.
Matriptase is a novel initiator of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis (2010)

Elevated matriptase expression in OA and the ability of matriptase to activate selective proMMPs as well as induce collagenase expression make this serine proteinase a key initiator and inducer of cartilage destruction in OA. We propose that the indirect effects of matriptase are mediated by PAR-2, and a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms may highlight important new therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
Audio-cut detection and audio-segment classification using fuzzy c-means clustering (2004)

This paper proposes an audio-cut detection and audio-segment classification method using fuzzy c-means clustering. In the proposed method, the boundaries between two different audio signals, which are called audio-cuts, can be detected by fuzzy c-means clustering. In the fuzzy c-means clustering, the fuzzy number represents the possibility that the audio-cut exists. Therefore, according to the possibility, qualified candidates for audio-cuts can be obtained even if audio effects such as fade-in, fade-out, etc. are included in the audio signal. The audio signal is segmented at the detected audio-cuts, and these segments are classified into the following five classes: silence, music, speech, speech with music background, and speech with noise background. This classification simultaneously deletes wrongly detected audio-cuts. Consequently, we can obtain accurate audio-cuts and classification results.
Use of the MAGISCAN image analyser in automated uterine cancer cytology. (1980)

A low-cost automatic prescreening system for uterine cancer cytology based on the commerically available MAGISCAN Image Analyser is described. Dispersed hematoxylin-stained samples are viewed with an automated TV microscope. Software has been written to locate cell nuclei at 4 micron resolution and trace each nuclear boundary at 0.5 micron resolution. At least six parameters per nucleus are measured, including intergrated optical density. Cells are classified using a multiparameter look-up table. Analysis rats of 600 cells per minute can be achieved. Because the hardware and much of the software are already available, a high performance:cost ratio can be achieved, resulting in a system that could be cost effective in a laboratory with a throughput of 15,000 smears per annum.
Dimer arsenic source using a high efficiency catalytic cracking oven for molecular beam epitaxy (1987)

The cracking efficiency of a catalytic double-oven arsenic dimer source has been studied by modulated beam mass spectrometry and the catalytic activity of several materials investigated through the cracking of the tetramer molecules produced from crystalline arsenic with a pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) oven. The catalytic activity decreases as follows: Pt, Pt-Rh&gt;Re&gt;Ta&gt;Mo, W-Re&gt;graphite&gt;pBN. Platinum and its alloys with rhodium react with arsenic above 500 °C giving definite compounds and therefore cannot be used as a catalyst. A 95% conversion efficiency is obtained with rhenium around 700 °C, a temperature which is more than 300 °C lower than the temperature required with graphite for an equivalent efficiency. Such a decrease of the operating temperature of the cracker cell is of great practical interest because of the reduction of the arsenic flux contamination by outgassing impurities.
Autoimmune Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Autoreactive T Lymphocytes and New Immunotherapeutic Strategies (1997)

Accumulating evidence indicates that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes with specificity for myelin antigens. Initially, the evidence to support this hypothesis was based mainly on experiments performed in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. In this model it was demonstrated that T cells reactive to several myelin antigens are encephalitogenic. Many recent immunological and immunohistochemical studies in MS have yielded further data to support this view. For instance, it was demonstrated that activated myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP)-specific T cells accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS), and that clonally expanded MBP-specific T cells persist for several years in the blood of patients with MS. Furthermore, T cells with specificity for MBP were identified in the brain lesions of the patients. It is not yet clear how these autoreactive T cells are activated in the periphery, but several studies have suggested that viral antigens mimicking the myelin epitopes, or superantigens may be involved. Furthermore, we and others have provided evidence showing that the regulatory mechanisms that control autoreactive T cells in healthy subjects are potentially defective in MS patients. In addition to myelin reactive T cells, B cells producing myelin-specific antibodies and gamma delta T cells may also play an important role in the autoimmune cascade. Based on the recent insights in the disease mechanisms, new experimental therapies were developed to target specifically the pathogenic lymphocytes in MS. Some therapies yielded encouraging data in pilot studies, whereas phase III trials of other drugs showed beneficial effects on the disease course. In this article, we overview the most recent data on the role of autoreactive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the disease, and discuss some of the recently developed immunotherapeutical strategies in MS.