gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Draft executive summary (2000)

This is an environmental assessment of the Sustainable Forestry Development Project, which supports protected areas management, natural forest management, and the establishes wood plantations and tree orchards. Negative environmental and social impacts and their mitigations are addressed. The risk of serious social risks will be minimized by setting up conflict resolution and appeal mechanisms; and establishing principles and procedures for awarding fair compensation for involuntary loss of land. The possibility of friction between participating villages and non-participating villages in and adjacent to nature reserves has been raised in the social assessment. Initial assistance will be given to those communities most affected by management programs or, conversely, those who have the most direct impact on natural resources within the nature reserve. To avoid conflicts, decisions will be transparent and the reasons explained to all interested communities. Planning services and community conservation funding may be extended in time to other priority communities according to understood selection criteria. To reduce the susceptibility of horticultural crops to insect and microbiological attack and the concomitant excess use of pesticides, fungicides, etc., a diversity of crops will be offered; crop selection will consider farmer preferences, site conditions and market prospects; farmer training and extension services will be provided; and a pest management plan supported.
Suppression of human melanoma growth in nude mice injected with anti high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibody 225.28S conjugated to purothionin. (1985)

The cytotoxic agent purothionin purified from barley was covalently conjugated to the anti-human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S by utilizing water-soluble carbodiimide. Injection of the conjugate (0.1 mg/injection) significantly increased the life span of nude mice injected with ascitic-form human melanoma cells (Colo 38), and caused 40% inhibition on day 25 of the growth of solid-form human melanoma cells in nude mice. The effect is specific and is markedly influenced by the site of growth of tumors and by the schedule of administration of the conjugate.
[Key points and problems concerning chemosensitivity tests, with special reference to MTT assay]. (1992)

Recently, the semiautomated tetrazolium-based MTT colorimetric assay have been used to measure chemosensitivity. We also have been used this assay for 4 ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines to investigate the chemosensitivity of this tumor. In this study, several problems have been faced to be solved. In this paper, we pointed out these problems and indicated solutions.
Ueber Tetrahydrochinolin (1883)

Eingegangen am 24
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis (2008)

The evolutionarily conserved canonical Wnt-beta-catenin-T cell factor (TCF)/lymphocyte enhancer binding factor (LEF) signaling pathway regulates key checkpoints in the development of various tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large body of gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies implicate Wnt-beta-catenin signaling in lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis. In contrast, recent papers have reported that Mx-Cre-mediated conditional deletion of beta-catenin and/or its homolog gamma-catenin (plakoglobin) did not impair hematopoiesis or lymphopoiesis. However, these studies also report that TCF reporter activity remains active in beta-catenin- and gamma-catenin-deficient hematopoietic stem cells and all cells derived from these precursors, indicating that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway was not abrogated. Therefore, these studies in fact show that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is important in hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, even though the molecular basis for the induction of the reporter activity is currently unknown. In this perspective, we provide a broad background to the field with a discussion of the available data and create a framework within which the available and future studies may be evaluated.
A cell counting/sorting system incorporated with a microfabricated flow cytometer chip (2006)

Flow cytometry is a popular technique for counting and sorting individual cells. This study presents and demonstrates a new cell counting/sorting system integrated with several essential components including a micromachined flow cytometer chip device, an optical detection system and a data analysis and control system to achieve the functions of cell sample injection, optical signal detection and cell collection. By using MEMS technology, we have integrated several microfluidic components such as micro pneumatic pumps/valves onto a polymer-based chip device. Three pneumatic micropumps are used to provide the hydrodynamic driving force for both sample and sheath flows such that hydrodynamic flow focusing can be achieved, and a micro flow switch device comprising three pneumatic microvalves located downstream of the micro sample flow channel is used for cell collection. Cell samples of human lung cancer cells labelled with commercially available fluorescent dyes have been detected and collected successfully utilizing the developed device. The real-time image of dye-labelled cell samples being excited and detected can be monitored and observed through the LCD panel by a custom designed CCD/APD holder and moving stage. Finally, micro flow switch devices were used to successfully sort the cells into the desired outlet channel, and the counting results of the specific cell samples were monitored through the counting panel. The current study focuses on the setup of the overall system. The proposed flow cytometer system has several advantages such as portability, low cost and easy operation process. The size of the system is 37 cm × 16 cm × 18 cm and the weight is 3.5 kg. The error rate of counting and sorting was 1.5% and 2%, respectively. The sorting frequency of the microvalve device is calculated to be 120 cells min−1. The developed microfluidic chip device could be a promising tool for cell-based application fields such as profiling, counting and sorting.
A wide dynamic range Silicon-on-Insulator MEMS gyroscope with digital force feedback (2004)

This paper presents development efforts and initial test data for a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), vibratory angular rate sensor intended for hypervelocity and small diameter missiles and munitions. The SOI angular rate sensor (gyroscope), intended for wide dynamic range and harsh environment applications, utilizes advantages offered from the mass and feature sizes achieved by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). This particular effort is focused on developing a symmetric device design along with multi-bit sigma-delta force-feedback control to increase dynamic range and reduce susceptibility to environmental parameters, including temperature, vibration, and sustained Z-axis acceleration loading. A prototype, single layer MEMS chip, consisting of a proof mass placed in a three-fold mode-decoupled symmetric suspension, has been fabricated and tested. The mode-decoupled suspension allows only one degree of in-plane motion for each comb drive, thereby attenuating errors due to oscillation axis misalignment. In addition, suspension symmetry maintains matched oscillation mode frequencies through processing and temperature variations, allowing maximized dynamic range in the discrete-time control loop. Attached to the suspension are comb-drives operating in their linear mode. Use of these actuators eliminates deflection-induced nonlinearity in the control loop. The rate sensing performance of these devices in an open-loop configuration has been characterized, and a unit is being flight-tested on a prototype hypervelocity missile. Current efforts will reduce random walk through preamp optimization, add an excitation control loop to improve bias stability, and implement the digital feedback loop to increase dynamic range. This paper presents recent development efforts and initial test data for the SOI-based angular rate sensor, intended for small diameter missiles and munitions applications.
Magneto-optical response in bimetallic metamaterials (2018)

We demonstrate resonant Faraday polarization rotation in plasmonic arrays of bimetallic nano-ring resonators consisting of Au and Ni sections. This metamaterial design allows the optimization of the trade-off between the enhancement of magneto-optical effects and plasmonic dissipation. Nickel sections corresponding to as little as ~6% of the total surface of the metamaterial result in magneto-optically induced polarization rotation equal to that of a continuous nickel film. Such bimetallic metamaterials can be used in compact magnetic sensors, active plasmonic components, and integrated photonic circuits.
Proactive Versus Reactive Management of Glyphosate-Resistant or -Tolerant Weeds<sup>1</sup> (2005)

The value of glyphosate has been compromised in some fields where weed populations have developed resistance or tolerant species increased. Three case studies related to reduced control from glyphosate are: (1) a weed population that has become resistant to glyphosate, with horseweed in Tennessee as an example; (2) a weed population increases due to lack of control in “glyphosate only” systems, with tropical spiderwort in Georgia cotton used as an example; and (3) the hypothetical resistance of common waterhemp to glyphosate in Illinois. For each of these case studies, an economic analysis was performed using a partial budget approach. This economic analysis provides the cost of control to the farmer when glyphosate fails to control these weeds and gives a critical time in years to compare different glyphosate resistance management philosophies (applicable only before resistance has evolved). The cost of glyphosate-resistant horseweed in cotton-soybean-corn rotation in Western Tennessee was calculated to be $30.46/ha per year. The cost of tropical spiderwort in cotton in southern Georgia was calculated to be $35.07/ha per year. The projected cost if common waterhemp were to develop glyphosate resistance in a corn-soybean rotation in southern Illinois was projected to be $44.25/ha per year, and the critical time was determined to be greater than 20 yr, indicating that a resistance management strategy would extend the value of glyphosate-resistant crops.Nomenclature: glyphosate; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. #3 AMATA; horseweed, Conyza canadensis L. Cronq # ERICA; tropical spiderwort, Commelina benghalensis L. # COMBE.Additional index words: economic analysis, herbicide cost, herbicide resistance.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; Cmanaging, economic cost of managing resistance; Cresistance, economic cost of resistance; GR, glyphosate resistant; NPV, net present value; NPVproactive, net present value of proactive resistance management; NPVreactive, net present value of reactive management; PPO, protoporphyrinogenoxidase; Rresistance, net economic return once resistance has occurred; Rwithout, net economic return without resistance; Tcritical, time at which net present value for reactive and proactive resistance management are equal; Tresistance, time at which resistance occurs.
Stress singularities in classical elasticity–I: Removal, interpretation, and analysis (2004)

Abstract This review article has two parts, published in separate issues of this journal, which consider the stress singularities that occur in linear elastostatics. In the present Part I, after a brief review of the singularities that attend concentrated loads, attention is focused on the singularities that occur away from such loading, and primarily on 2D configurations. A number of examples of these singularities are given in the Introduction. For all of these examples, it is absolutely essential that the presence of singularities at least be recognized if the stress fields are to be used in attempts to ensure structural integrity. Given an appreciation of a stress singularity’s occurrence, there are two options open to the stress analyst if the stress analysis is to actually be used. First, to try and improve the modeling so that the singularity is removed and physically sensible stresses result. Second, to try and interpret singularities that persist in a physically meaningful way. Section 2 of the paper reviews avenues available for the removal of stress singularities. At this time, further research is needed to effect the removal of all singularities. Section 3 of the paper reviews possible interpretations of singularities. At this time, interpretations using the singularity coefficient, or stress intensity factor, would appear to be the best available. To implement an approach using stress intensity factors in a general context, two types of companion analysis are usually required: analytical asymptotics to characterize local singular fields; and numerical analysis to capture participation in global configurations. Section 4 of the paper reviews both types of analysis. At this time, methods for both are fairly well developed. Studies in the literature which actually effect asymptotic analyses of specific singular configurations will be considered in Part II of this review article. The present Part I has 182 references.
Advanced passive devices for enhanced integrated RF circuit performance (2003)

State of the art passive devices have been developed for optimum RF circuit performance. These devices include a hyperabrupt junction varactor with tunability (Cmax/Cmin) of 3.3, an accumulation mode MOS varactor, high capacitance nitride metal-insulator-metal capacitors, a BEOL TaN resistor and very high Q inductors with a peak Q of 28 at 3.5 GHz. VCO simulations using several of these elements show a significant reduction in VCO gain variation, phase noise, and power consumption.
Friction and Wear Performance of Boundary-lubricated DLC/DLC Contacts in Synthetic base Oil (2013)

The use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings in engine components can be one of the potential solutions for automotive industry to improve fuel efficiency by controlling the friction and wear. The tribological behavior of various types of DLC coatings in liquid lubricated systems and their interaction with lubricants are needed for proper usage of these coatings. In this study, the friction and wear performance of four different DLC coatings in synthetic base oil polyalpha-olefin (PAO) were investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer under boundary lubricated condition. One hydrogen-free ta-C DLC, one hydrogenated a-C:H, one silicon doped a-C:H:Si and one chromium doped a-C:H:Cr were deposited on SUJ2 bearing steel pins and discs for this study. The structural, mechanical and topographical characterizations of these films were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, Nano indenter and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that structure and doping elements greatly affect the tribological performance of DLC coatings. Ta-C coatings gave the lowest boundary friction, while Si-doped a-C:H:Si showed the highest boundary friction. Hydrogenated a-C:H coating exhibited the highest wear rate, but silicon and chromium incorporation in a-C:H coatings greatly increased the wear resistance. Cr-doped a-C:H:Cr showed the lowest wear rate, followed by Si-doped a-C:H:Si coating.
A Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> in Foods after Enrichment Culture (2003)

A real-time PCR assay was developed for the quantitative detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. The specificity of the assay for C. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of Campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. The assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. The assay was used to detect C. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contaminated food samples. Ninety-seven foods, including raw poultry meat, offal, raw shellfish, and milk samples, were enriched in blood-free Campylobacter enrichment broth at 37 degrees C for 24 h, followed by 42 degrees C for 24 h. Enrichment cultures were subcultured to Campylobacter charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate blood-free selective agar, and presumptive Campylobacter isolates were identified with phenotypic methods. DNA was extracted from enrichment cultures with a rapid lysis method and used as the template in the real-time PCR assay. A total of 66 samples were positive for C. jejuni by either method, with 57 samples positive for C. jejuni by subculture to selective agar medium and 63 samples positive in the real-time PCR assay. The results of both methods were concordant for 84 of the samples. The total time taken for detection from enrichment broth samples was approximately 3 h for the real-time PCR assay, with the results being available immediately at the end of PCR cycling, compared to 48 h for subculture to selective agar. This assay significantly reduces the total time taken for the detection of C. jejuni in foods and is an important model for other food-borne pathogens.
Recycling of Mixed Plastics (1985)

Abstract Very considerable quantities of potentially useful materials are discarded from industrial and domestic sources annually, and in principle there is a strong case for recycling at least a proportion of this resource [1-51.
Stereospecific Introduction of Azide Functions into Organic Molecules (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Introduction of Azide Functions into Organic MoleculesFrank W. Fowler, Alfred. Hassner, and Louis A. LevyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 9, 2077–2082Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00985a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00985a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2268Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recognition sequence of restriction endonuclease KpnI from Klebsiella pneumoniae (1978)

We have determined the recognition sequence of the restriction endonuclease KpnI, previously isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The enzyme cleaves the twofold rotationally symmetric sequence (see book for formula) at the positions indicated by the arrows, producing 3' protruding cohesive ends, four nucleotides in length. The specific cleavage site was unambiguously deduced using both 3' and 5' end analyses of KpnI generated restriction fragments of simian-virus 40 (SV40) DNA (1 site), adenovirus-2 (Ad-2) DNA (8 sites), and a plasmid (pCRI) DNA (2 sites).
Baroreflexes of the rat. IV. ADN-evoked responses at the NTS (2007)

In a long-term (7-21 days) neuromuscular blocked (NMB) rat preparation, using precise single-pulse aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation and stable chronic evoked response (ER) recordings from the dorsal-medial solitary nucleus (dmNTS), two different response patterns were observed: continuous and discrete. For the continuous pattern, activity began approximately 3 ms after the stimulus and persisted for 45 ms; for the discrete pattern, two complexes were separated by a gap from approximately 17 to 25 ms. The early complex was probably transmitted via A-fibers: it had a low stimulus current threshold and an average conduction velocity (CV) of 0.58-5.5 m/s; the high threshold late (HTL) complex had a CV = 0.26-0.58 m/s. The average stimulus amplitude-ER magnitude transduction curves for the A and HTL complexes were sigmoidal. For individual rats, in the linear range, mean r2 = 0.96 +/- 0.03 for both complexes. The average stimulus amplitude vs. the systolic blood pressure change (delta sBP) transduction curve was also approximately linear; however, for individual rats, the relationship was not consistently reliable: mean r2 = 0.48 +/- 0.19. Approximately 90% of recording sites had respiratory, and 50% had cardiac synchronism. The NMB preparation is useful for studying central baroreflex mechanisms that operate on time scales of days or weeks, such as adaptation and other kinds of neural plasticity.
Pressure measurements during speech production using semiconductor miniature pressure transducers: Impact on models for speech production (1985)

It appears that temperature instabilities are a major obstacle hindering the use of semiconductor strain gauge pressure transducers in speech research, especially when absolute pressure data are mandatory. In this paper a simple and reliable method for an in vivo calibration of this kind of transducer is described. The most important error source, the drift of the zero pressure level due to temperature changes, is discussed, and an estimation of the measurement accuracy which can be obtained is given. Moreover, some registrations of subglottal, supraglottal, and transglottal pressure are presented. It is shown that the pressure recordings allow us to obtain estimates of the volume flow in the trachea and pharynx. Analysis of those waveforms appears to lead to new insights into the physical processes underlying voice production. Specifically, an independent glottal contribution to the skewing of the glottal flow pulses is identified.
In vitro proliferation and lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts in serum‐free BSA‐containing medium (1982)

We have developed two serum-free chemically defined media (RITC 78-6 and RITC 80-7) that support the growth in culture of human diploid fibroblasts to the same extent as Eagle's basal medium (BME) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). These two media contain modified Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with nonessential amino acids, various trace metals, organic compounds and growth factors [insulin, mouse epidermal growth factor (m-EGF), transferrin and triiodothyronine (T3)]. RITC 80-7 medium differs from RITC 78-6 in that it contains thymidine, hypoxanthine, and vitamin B12 and supports the long-term serial cultivation of human diploid cultures. The addition of commercial bovine serum albumin (BSA, 5 g/liter) to the medium enhances cell growth. This effect is not observed if BSA is first delipidized, but reconstitution of BSA with certain lipids restores its ability to promote growth. BSA has an inhibitory effect on cellular attachment but this is overcome when fibronectin (FN, 10 mg/liter is added to the medium.