gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bimaterial assembly with a low modulus bonding layer at the ends (2003)

We examine an elongated bimaterial assembly with a nonhomogeneous bonding layer: the Young’s modulus of the peripheral (outer) portions of this layer is lower than the Young’s modulus of the bonding material in the midportion (inner portion) of the assembly. The objective of the analysis is to develop a simple easy-to-apply predictive model for the assessment of the thermally induced interfacial shearing stress, when the assembly experiences a change in temperature. The model is based on a simplified strength-of-materials (structural analysis) approach, rather than on rigorous theory-of-elasticity treatment of the problem. We use the developed model to find out if there is sufficient incentive to use a nonhomogeneous bonding layer of the type in question for lower interfacial stresses. We found that the highest interfacial shearing stress occurred at the ends of the “high modulus” midportion of the assembly and at the assembly edges (i.e., at the free ends of the peripheral portions). We suggest that, for lower maximum shearing stress in the assembly, the Young’s moduli of sufficiently long peripheral portions of the bonding layer be established in such a way that the shearing stress at the ends of the midportion be equal to the shearing stress at the assembly ends. We compare the maximum shearing stress in a “conventional” assembly (i.e., in an assembly with a homogeneous bonding layer) with the maximum stress in an assembly with an “optimized” nonhomogeneous adhesive. The obtained numerical data indicated that a 60%−70% relief in maximum shear stress could be expected as a result of such “optimization.” We conclude, therefore, that there is a definite incentive for implementing a design with a nonhomogeneous bonding layer of the type in question for lower interfacial shearing stress in adhesively bonded or soldered assemblies. Such assemblies are widely used in micro- and optoelectronics.
Micropatterned Treads for In Vivo Robotic Mobility (2010)

Despite revolutionary advances in many fields of medicine, there are no active mobile in vivo devices commercially available, or in use, today. Several research groups are actively looking at a number of mobility methods in a number of lumens but little commercial work has been done. While robotic surgery is available today, thanks to ex vivo robots, such as the da Vinci surgical system, these methods are very expensive, require heavy external equipment, and are still constrained by entry incisions. An alternative approach may be to place the robot completely inside the patient. Such devices may enable noninvasive imaging and diagnostics. These devices may be significantly less expensive than current minimally invasive methods, without extensive support equipment, which may allow them to be also used routinely in the emergency room (ER)/trauma sites and remote locations. This work explores micropatterned treads that may enable mobile capsule crawlers inside the body. Current research efforts into providing contact locomotion using micro-tread tracks are explored including initial drawbar force generation experimental results, dynamic finite element analysis with these tread designs, and in vivo porcine evaluation and comparison of two leading tread designs.
YAP1 is involved in mesothelioma development and negatively regulated by Merlin through phosphorylation (2008)

We previously reported the results of bacterial artificial chromosome array comprehensive genomic hybridization of malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPMs), including two cases with high-level amplification in the 11q22 locus. In this study, we found that the YAP1 gene encoding a transcriptional coactivator was localized in this amplified region and overexpressed in both cases, suggesting it as a candidate oncogene in this region. We analyzed the involvement of YAP1 in MPM proliferation, as well as its functional and physical interaction with Merlin encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated in MPMs. YAP1-RNA interference suppressed growth of a mesothelioma cell line NCI-H290 with NF2 homozygous deletion, probably through cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, whereas YAP1 transfection promoted the growth of MeT-5A, an immortalized mesothelial cell line. We also found that the introduction of NF2 into NCI-H290 induced phosphorylation at serine 127 of YAP1, which was accompanied by reduction of nuclear localization of YAP1, whereas nuclear localization of a YAP1 S 127A mutant was not affected. Furthermore, results of immunoprecipitation and in vitro pull-down assays indicated a physical interaction between Merlin and YAP1. These results suggest that YAP1 is involved in mesothelial cell growth and that the transcriptional coactivator activity of YAP1 is functionally inhibited by Merlin through the induction of phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of YAP1. This is the first report of negative regulatory signaling from Merlin to YAP1 in mammalian cells. Future studies of transcriptional targets of YAP1 in MPMs may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of MPM development and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Advances in Latvian Customs Education - Lessons Learned (2014)

Paper is devoted to actual problem of education and human resource management in field of customs administration and Latvian experience for solving crucial training problem - interaction of custom administration processes and relevant knowledge. Generally training organizers are developing own training programs following objectives of staff development strategies, but interaction of job descriptions and occupation standards is not sufficient. Custom's community stakeholders such as World Customs Organization and world customs administrations together with academics are looking for better training support mechanism, how to create contact points for university and customs internal training and to create qualitative business training programs in the customs area. The aim of research is to describe the mechanism of existing and potential human resource management and training management mutual interaction with the main result of bringing together researchers, business and customs community and universities. As the result of study the specifics of job description formation at customs authorities is analyzed, the significance of occupation descriptions to provide work at customs and their legislation is described. As main result of the paper the generalized approach for satisfaction of training needs for joint tax and customs administration is worked out and proposals on the improvement of process management, job description and occupation standard mutual interaction mechanism is offered. Research is based on comparative analysis of literature and practical experience of custom education institutions.
Integrated genome browser: visual analytics platform for genomics (2016)

aloraine@uncc.edu.
Activity of Two Types of Fc Receptors, FcγRI and FcγRII, in Human Monocyte Cytotoxicity to Sensitized Erythrocytes (1989)

We investigated the cytotoxicity of human monocytes mediated by two types of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RII. Erythrocytes sensitized with human IgG (EA-human IgG) were used to assay Fc gamma RI function, and erythrocytes sensitized with mouse IgG1 (EA-mouse IgG1) were used to assay Fc gamma RII. Both types of Fc gamma R were observed to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which was further characterized by using different monoclonal anti-Fc gamma R antibodies (MoAb) and monomeric IgG. Lysis of EA-human IgG was inhibited by both monomeric human IgG and mouse IgG2a in a dose-dependent way, and also by anti-Fc gamma RI MoAb 10.1. Cytolysis of EA-mouse IgG1 was inhibited by monomeric mouse IgG1 and by two anti-Fc gamma RII MoAb, IV.3 and CIKM5. Antibodies of the mouse IgG2b isotype affected neither type of ADCC. The effectiveness of cytotoxicity mediated by either of the Fc gamma R was studied by means of targets sensitized with a calibrated number of IgG molecules. At least 20 times more IgG molecules per target cell were necessary to obtain half-maximal cytotoxicity mediated by Fc gamma RII than for Fc gamma RI-mediated cytolysis. Furthermore, the previously described polymorphism of Fc gamma RII was also reflected in Fc gamma RII-dependent cytotoxicity. These studies demonstrate that Fc gamma RII can mediate ADCC, although a higher degree of target cell sensitization is required than for Fc gamma RI-mediated ADCC.
Enhancement of Procollagen Biosynthesis by p180 through Augmented Ribosome Association on the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Response to Stimulated Secretion (2010)

A coiled-coil microtubule-bundling protein, p180, was originally reported as a ribosome-binding protein on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is highly expressed in secretory tissues. Recently, we reported a novel role for p180 in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) expansion following stimulated collagen secretion. Here, we show that p180 plays a key role in procollagen biosynthesis and secretion in diploid fibroblasts. Depletion of p180 caused marked reductions of secreted collagens without significant loss of the ER membrane or mRNA. Metabolic labeling experiments revealed that the procollagen biosynthetic activity was markedly affected following p180 depletion. Moreover, loss of p180 perturbs ascorbate-stimulated de novo biosynthesis mainly in the membrane fraction with a preferential secretion defect of large proteins. At the EM level, one of the most prominent morphological features of p180-depleted cells was insufficient ribosome association on the ER membranes. In contrast, the ER of control cells was studded with numerous ribosomes, which were further enhanced by ascorbate. Similarly biochemical analysis confirmed that levels of membrane-bound ribosomes were altered in a p180-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that p180 plays crucial roles in enhancing collagen biosynthesis at the entry site of the secretory compartments by a novel mechanism that mainly involves facilitating ribosome association on the ER.
Book of the Month (1974)

Peter Clarke (ed.) New Models for Mass Communication Research (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1973–$15.00, or $12.50 if series ordered on subscription basis)
Thin Film In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As Schottky Diodes for 28.3-THz Detection (2017)

A thin film In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As Schottky diode device has been fabricated for 28.3-THz detection. The design and structure of the diode enable dual detection modes of rectification and photodetection. A small contact area and a thin film results in a reduced capacitance and a reduced series resistance, respectively, which enable nonlinear detection, and, the thin film allows generation of hot carriers in the anode and cathode, which results in a net photocurrent by modulating the barrier heights with a dc voltage. Our experimental results show that the detected current can be explained by the superposition of the two currents, which are theoretically calculated. The maximum responsivity is approximately 0.03 A/W, a relatively high value, which is a direct result of the superposition of the currents. The device structure is achieved by a flip-bond transfer method.
Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation in Children Using Simultaneous Motor And Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring (1996)

A spinal cord monitoring system is described that is safe, reliable, accurate, and makes it unnecessary to resort to the "wake-up" test.
Directionalizing adaptive multi-microphone arrays for hearing aids using cardioid microphones (1993)

The authors examine the design and performance of a restricted geometry, adaptive four-element acoustic array using cardioid (directional) microphones for hearing enhancement. The array is portable and lightweight. It allows the hearing aid wearer to focus better in a forward-looking direction, reducing interfering noises from unwanted directions. The array also allows the system to respond to changing environments, nulling strong interference noises which do not impinge on the front of the array. The directionality and the adaptable interference rejection of the multi-element array are superior to that possible using single or two-element devices. Adaptive arrays using directional microphones are shown to enhance the array output SNR above that of an adaptive array consisting of omni-directional sensors. Examples and simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. (1984)

A series of 103 early postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire about their dietary calcium intake and were then divided into three groups: those with an intake below 550 mg/day, those with an intake between 550 and 1150 mg/day, and those with an intake above 1150 mg/day. Thereafter they were given a daily supplement of 500 mg calcium for two years and had their bone mineral content measured every three months. Any changes found were taken as an estimate of bone calcium balance. All three groups showed a similar fall in bone mineral content over the two years, indicating that a calcium intake of 1000-2000 g daily is ineffective in preventing bone loss in the early menopause.
The Roles of Growth Factors in Keratinocyte Migration (2014)

<b>Significance:</b> The re-epithelialization of wounded skin requires the rapid and coordinated migration of keratinocytes (KC) into the wound bed. Almost immediately after wounding, cells present at or attracted to the wound site begin to secrete a complex milieu of growth factors. These growth factors exert mitogenic and motogenic effects on KCs, inducing the rapid proliferation and migration of KCs at the wound edge. <b>Recent Advances:</b> New roles for growth factors in KC biology are currently being discovered and investigated. This review will highlight the growth factors, particularly transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), FGF-10, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which have conclusively been shown to be the most motogenic for KCs. <b>Critical Issues:</b> The cellular and molecular heterogeneity of wounded tissue makes establishing direct relationships between specific growth factors and KC migration difficult <i>in situ</i>. The absence of this complexity in simplified <i>in vitro</i> experimental models of migration makes the clinical relevance of the results obtained from these <i>in vitro</i> studies ambiguous. <b>Future Directions:</b> Deciphering the relationship between growth factors and KC migration is critical for understanding the process of wound healing in normal and disease states. Insights into the basic science of the effects of growth factors on KC migration will hopefully lead to the development of new therapies to treat acute and chronic wounds.
Inhibitory Effect of Deoxypyridoxine on the Action of Certain Mitogenic Factors (1989)

We studied the effect of pyridoxine deficiency state on the responses of human lymphocytes to certain mitogenic factors. Deoxypyridoxine (DB6), a potent pyridoxine antagonist, considerably inhibited Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into the newly synthesized DNA of lymphocytes cultured with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A) in separate sets of experiments. The addition of deoxypyridoxine simultaneously with or few hours prior to initiation of cell cultures did not significantly alter the inhibitory action of deoxypyridoxine. Titration studies of deoxypyridoxine showed the direct relation between the concentration of deoxypyridoxine and the degree of DNA synthesis' inhibition with subsequent lymphocyte proliferation. The results obtained with monoclonal antibody (anti-BrdU) studies were further confirmed with tritiated thymidine incorporation (3H Thymidine) studies. Addition of pyridoxine concurrently with the addition of DB- or 8 hours later than initiation of lymphocyte incubation period was capable of effectively reversing the inhibition caused by its antagonist, the level of DNA synthesis reaching that of the control cultures where only PHA or Con A were present. Our results confirm part of previously reported findings concerning the involvement of vitamin B- in immune processes.
Heavy Hydrocarbon/Volatility Study: Fuel Blending and Analysis for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper is the third in a series providing fuel blending and analysis data for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP). Preparation methodologies, analytical techniques and fuel property data are presented for the Heavy Hydrocarbon/Volatility study and other programs not previously reported. Papers by Pahl and McNally (<span class="xref">1</span>)<span class="xref">*</span> and Gerry et al. (<span class="xref">2</span>) have presented information on the fuels of the AMOT (Aromatics, MTBE, Olefins, T90), Methanol, RVP/Oxygenate and Phase I and II Sulfur programs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Heavy Hydrocarbon/Volatility fuel study was initiated in an effort to better understand the 90% distillation point (T90) effect observed in the AMOT matrix of Phase I. The study was comprised of two matrices and twenty-six fuels. The first eighteen-fuel matrix, designated as the “A” matrix, investigated the effects of medium, heavy and tail reformate and medium and heavy catalytically cracked components. The second eight-fuel matrix, designated as the “B” matrix, considered 50% distillation (T50) effects as a function of light paraffinic hydrocarbons (isomerate and light alkylate). The second matrix also considered the effects of heavy aromatics versus heavy paraffins. Physical property data for the twenty-six fuels and ten blending components are included.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A summary of the fuels speciation methodology is presented. This is the chromatographic analysis method used within the AQIRP to provide individual chemical species. Results from the AQIRP speciation of the eight fuels comprising the “B” matrix are included. A separate paper (<span class="xref">3</span>) will present a more detailed discussion of the test method and results of a cooperative study of the methodology.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Miscellaneous physical and speciation data from previous Phase I and Phase II program fuels are also presented in an effort to provide complete information on all AQIRP research fuels.</div>
Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Quercetin on RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages Induced with Polyinosinic‐Polycytidylic Acid (2016)

Quercetin (3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone) is a well-known antioxidant and a flavonol found in many fruits, leaves, and vegetables. Quercetin also has known anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. However, the effects of quercetin on virus-induced macrophages have not been fully reported. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced macrophages was examined. Quercetin at concentrations up to 50 μM significantly inhibited the production of NO, IL-6, MCP-1, IP-10, RANTES, GM-CSF, G-CSF, TNF-α, LIF, LIX, and VEGF as well as calcium release in dsRNA (50 μg/mL of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (p < 0.05). Quercetin at concentrations up to 50 μM also significantly inhibited mRNA expression of signal transducer and activated transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 in dsRNA-induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quercetin had alleviating effects on viral inflammation based on inhibition of NO, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-induced macrophages via the calcium-STAT pathway.
Catalyst Induced Hydrino Transition (CIHT) electrochemical cell (2013)

Atomic hydrogen is predicted to form fractional Rydberg energy states H(1/p) called ‘hydrino atoms’ wherein n = 1/2,1/3,1/4,…,1/p (p ≤ 137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter n = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. The transition of H to a stable hydrino state H[aH/p = m + 1] having a binding energy of p2 × 13.6 eV occurs by a nonradiative resonance energy transfer of m × 27.2 eV (m is an integer) to a matched energy acceptor such as nascent H2O which has a potential energy of 81.6 eV (m = 3) to form an intermediate that decays with the emission of continuum bands with short wavelength cutoffs and energies of m2 × 13.6 eV. The predicted H(1/4) continuum radiation in the region 10 to 30 nm was observed first at BlackLight Power, Inc. (BLP) and reproduced at the Harvard Center for Astrophysics (CfA) wherein H2O catalyst was formed by a hydrogen reduction reaction at the anode of a hydrogen pinch plasma. By the same mechanism, the nascent H2O molecule formed by an oxidation reaction of OH− at a hydrogen anode is predicted to serve as a catalyst to form H(1/4) with an energy release of 204 eV compared to the 1.48 eV required to produce H from electrolysis of H2O. CIHT cells, each comprising a Ni anode, NiO cathode, a LiOH–LiBr eutectic mixture as the electrolyte, and MgO matrix exploit hydrino formation as a half-cell reaction to serve as a new electrical energy source. The cells were operated under intermittent H2O electrolysis to generate H at the anode and then discharged to form hydrinos wherein trace H2O vapor was supplied as entrained in an inert gas flow in otherwise closed cells. Net electrical production over the electrolysis input was measured using an Arbin BT 2000 (<0.1% error) and confirmed using a digital oscilloscope, wherein no theoretical conventional energy was possible. Materials characterizations included those that quantified any compositional change of the electrolyte by elemental analysis using ICPMS, XRF, and XRD, and SEM were performed on the anode. The electrical energies were continuously output over long-duration, measured on different systems, configurations, and modes of operation and were typically multiples of the electrical input that in most cases exceed the input by a factor of greater than 10. Calorimetry of solid fuels that exploited the same catalyst and a similar reaction mechanism showed excess thermal energy greater than 10 times the maximum possible from any conventional reaction. The predicted molecular hydrino H2(1/4) was identified as a product of CIHT cells and solid fuels by MAS 1H NMR, ToF-SIMS, ESI-ToFMS, electron-beam excitation emission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multicomponent complex is required for the AAUAAA-dependent cross-linking of a 64-kilodalton protein to polyadenylation substrates. (1990)

A 64-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide that is cross-linked by UV light specifically to polyadenylation substrate RNAs containing a functional AAUAAA element has been identified previously. Fractionated HeLa nuclear components that can be combined to regenerate efficient and accurate polyadenylation in vitro have now been screened for the presence of the 64-kDa protein. None of the individual components contained an activity which could generate the 64-kDa species upon UV cross-linking in the presence of substrate RNA. It was necessary to mix two components, cleavage stimulation factor and specificity factor, to reconstitute 64-kDa protein-RNA cross-linking. The addition of cleavage factors to this mixture very efficiently reconstituted the AAUAAA-specific 64-kDa protein-RNA interaction. The 64-kDa protein, therefore, is present in highly purified, reconstituted polyadenylation reactions. However, it is necessary to form a multicomponent complex to efficiently cross-link the protein to a substrate RNA.