gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is transient elastography a useful tool for screening liver disease? (2009)

Transient elastography (TE) is a new non invasive tool for measuring liver stiffness, which is correlated to the histologic stage of liver fibrosis. Several studies in chronic liver disease (CLD) have determined a good accuracy of TE in predicting significant fibrosis and an optimal accuracy in predicting cirrhosis. Normal liver stiffness ranges between 3.3-7.8 KPa and using a cut off of 7.1 KPa, significant fibrosis and cirrhosis can be excluded with a very high negative predictive value (NPV). Positive predictive value (PPV) for the diagnosis of cirrhosis is lower using just a single scan but increases to 90% if high stiffness values are confirmed by a second independent scan. However the presence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome slightly increases the readings and may reduce the accuracy of the test. It is uncertain if this increase is related to the presence of steatofibrosis or if it is caused by steatosis itself. TE can be used in screening patients attending the liver clinics to identify those with significant fibrosis or cirrhosis and may be particularly useful in discriminating HBV inactive carriers from chronic hepatitis B patients. TE, however, is not reliable in predicting the presence of esophageal varices in cirrhotics. Another potential indication for TE is the systematic screening of populations at high risk for CLD, such as intravenous drug users and alcoholics, but further studies are needed to determine its diagnostic accuracy in these settings.
Intoeing gait in children. (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To review the aetiology and management of intoeing. DATA SOURCES: Medline and non-Medline literature search, and personal experience. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that provided evidence-based information about the aetiology and management of paediatric intoeing gait were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and reviewed independently by both authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: An intoeing gait affects many children and, as with flexible flatfoot, bowleg, and knock-knee, it falls into the category of physiological problems that occur in normal children. The usual causes are excessive femoral anteversion, internal tibial torsion, and metatarsus adductus. Management is based on understanding the causes and the natural course of the condition and the effectiveness of various treatment modalities. Unfortunately, due to poor understanding of the condition, intoeing is commonly overtreated with braces or special footwear. CONCLUSIONS: Intoeing is one of the most common conditions encountered in paediatric orthopaedic practice. It is important to make an early diagnosis of pathological causes of intoeing such as cerebral palsy and developmental dysplasia of the hips so that treatment can be commenced as soon as possible.
A method of estimating ranging rate for multicast and broadcast services (2011)

This paper provides an analytic method to estimate the ranging rate involved in multicast and broadcast service (MBS) of mobile packet systems. The ranging rate is derived as a closed-form function of the Laplace transform of the MBS session time distribution. The method can be easily extended and applied to mobile systems with hierarchical cell structure.
On the assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity using hypercapnia BOLD MRI (2009)

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the capacity of blood vessels to dilate and is an important marker for brain vascular reserve. It may provide a useful addition to the traditional baseline blood flow measurement when assessing vascular factors in brain disorders. Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent MRI under CO(2) inhalation offers a non-invasive and quantitative means to estimate CVR in humans. In this study, we investigated several important methodological aspects of this technique with the goal of optimizing the experimental and data processing strategies for clinical use. Comparing 4 min of 5% CO(2) inhalation (less comfortable) to a 1 min inhalation (more comfortable) duration, it was found that the CVR values were 0.31 +/- 0.05%/mmHg (N = 11) and 0.31 +/- 0.08%/mmHg (N = 9), respectively, showing no significant differences between the two breathing paradigms. Therefore, the 1 min paradigm is recommended for future application studies for patient comfort and tolerability. Furthermore, we have found that end-tidal CO(2) recording was useful for accurate quantification of CVR because it provided both timing and amplitude information regarding the input function to the brain vascular system, which can be subject-dependent. Finally, we show that inter-subject variations in CVR are of physiologic origin and affect the whole brain in a similar fashion. Based on this, it is proposed that relative CVR (normalized against the CVR of the whole brain or a reference tissue) may be a more sensitive biomarker than absolute CVR in clinical applications as it minimizes inter-subject variations. With these technological optimizations, CVR mapping may become a useful method for studies of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Immunologic studies on drug addiction. I. Antibodies reactive with methadone and their use for detection of the drug. (1973)

Antisera which react with methadone and with urine from users of this drug have been prepared in rabbits. A simple and rapid hemagglutination-inhibition test which detects methadone in concentrations of 1 ng/ml has been applied to human urine specimens with results that demonstrate the specificity of the test and suggest that use of the drug may remain detectable for at least 1 week. Heroin used simultaneously with methadone does not interfere in the test.
Australian Cultural Capital - Rugby's Social Meaning: Physical Assets, Social Advantage and Independent Schools (2001)

(2001). Australian Cultural Capital - Rugby's Social Meaning: Physical Assets, Social Advantage and Independent Schools. Culture, Sport, Society: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 81-98.
2-Heptanone as a repellent for<i>Apis cerana</i> (1997)

SUMMARYA bioassay of 2-heptanone was carried out on Apis cerana for the first time and its repellency is demonstrated. The repellent character of 2-heptanone increased up to a concentration of 75 μl/ml of liquid paraffin used in our tests, after which it remained constant.
An implementation of a Common Virtual Multipoint Interface in Linux (2011)

In highly dynamic airborne environments, per link information becomes crucial in effectively routing packets throughout the network. Point-to-point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC4938/5578 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> describes an elegant way to standardize an interface to transmit per link information to the router to make educated routing decisions. These dynamically changing point-to-point links to the router pose an interesting challenge in defining interfaces in the router configuration and providing multicast/broadcast emulation. In this paper, we present an open-source, Linux implementation of a Common Virtual Multipoint Interface (CVMI). The CVMI aggregates multiple point-to-point interfaces into a virtual interface and provides multicast/broadcast emulation on these dynamically changing interfaces. We describe our implementation in detail and show how each link can be grouped to perform differently despite the homogeneous nature of PPP links and provide some basic performance evaluations to show functionality.
Elastic bands: connecting path planning and control (2002)

Elastic bands are proposed as the basis for a framework to close the gap between global path planning and real-time sensor-based robot control. An elastic band is a deformable collision-free path. The initial shape of the elastic is the free path generated by a planner. Subjected to artificial forces, the elastic band deforms in real time to a short and smooth path that maintains clearance from the obstacles. The elastic continues to deform as changes in the environment are detected by sensors, enabling the robot to accommodate uncertainties and react to unexpected and moving obstacles. While providing a tight connection between the robot and its environment, the elastic band preserves the global nature of the planned path. The framework is outlined, and an efficient implementation based on bubbles is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PCNA/cyclin: a lupus antigen connected with DNA replication. (1987)

Molecular analysis of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has the 2-fold goal of utilizing the unique tools provided by autoimmune sera to study the function of this important intracellular molecule and to provide insights into the etiology of autoimmune disease. PCNA is expressed in the nucleus immediately preceding S phase and, during S phase is colocalized with sites of active DNA synthesis. There is currently available not only a battery of human sera which can be rendered monospecific for PCNA, but also monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antipeptide antibodies. With these reagents, it might be possible to isolate cDNA clones from cDNA expression libraries.
Otoño: nuevos descubrimientos (2000)

espanolEl otono puede provocar las ganas de descubrir su magia y darse un respiro en un paseo por los bosques. Para un buen paseo es imprescindible elegir una ruta, pudiendo consultar guias o articulos de revistas para ello, se debe tener en cuenta ademas del numero y edades de los senderistas, algunos elementos del paisaje que pueden darle un toque de belleza anadida. Ademas, requiere cierta preparacion como hacerse con el manejo de la brujula, ubicar en un mapa la ruta a realizar o hablar de la importancia sobre cuidar la naturaleza. EnglishAutumn can make you want to discover its magic and take a break on a walk through the woods. For a good walk it is essential to choose a route, and you can consult guidebooks or magazine articles to do so. In addition to the number and ages of the walkers, you should take into account some elements of the landscape that can add a touch of beauty to the walk. It also requires a certain amount of preparation, such as getting to grips with the compass, locating the route on a map or talking about the importance of caring for nature.
Demand side management through heat pumps, thermal storage and battery storage to increase local self-consumption and grid compatibility of PV systems (2012)

Introducing demand side management by adding heat pumps and thermal storage increases self-consumption from domestic PV systems as well as local autonomy of the household. Such effects have been analyzed for different building standards and as a function of storage capacity. Self-consumption levels of 55% to 65% from a PV installation of 5.5 kW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> can be reached in the case of a 4-person household with medium to low standard of thermal insulation. With respect to a high building standard, additional electrical storage in the form of a 5-kWh Li-ion battery bank is needed to drive the self-consumption level to 50%. Finally, storage-control algorithms are proposed and simulated that allow a reduction of the peak injection into the grid to as low as 55% of the nominal peak-output power of the PV system. The original contributions include a quantitative analysis and values for the increase in self-consumption and household autonomy as a function of building standard, the additional impact of battery storage as a function of battery size, as well as the reduction of peak injection by applying smart algorithms for storage control.
11-mJ, 15-Hz single-frequency diode-pumped Q-switched Er, Yb:phosphate glass laser (2001)

A single-frequency diode-pumped Q-switched Er, Yb:phosphate glass laser that oscillates at an eye-safe 1.54etam wavelength has been developed for use in coherent Doppler lidar. A maximum TEM(00)-mode Q-switched output energy of 10.9 mJ and a relatively long pulse width of 228 ns were obtained at a repetition rate of 15 Hz by use of a modified 2-m-long telescopic cavity. Frequency stability of as high as +/-1.9-MHz standard deviation and a side-mode suppression ratio of more than 30 dB were also achieved.
Gene expression of type I phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> in pancreatic beta cells (1991)

Messenger RNA from intact rat pancreatic islets, or from transformed hamster beta (HIT) cells, hybridized with the cDNA probe for type I (but not type II) phospholipase A2. The levels of phospholipase A2 mRNA increased in islets from fasted rats; they decreased in islets cultured in a high glucose concentration (control values at 5.5 mM glucose = 150 +/- 6% of those at 22 mM) which impaired subsequent insulin secretion (reduction in second-phase release = 70 +/- 11%). These studies uniquely demonstrate that type I phospholipase A2 is expressed specifically in beta cells and that nutrient availability modulates transcript levels, an effect which could that nutrient availability modulates transcript levels, an effect which could contribute to the detrimental influence of prolonged hyperglycemia on islet function.
Potent Delivery of Functional Proteins into Mammalian Cells <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Using a Supercharged Protein (2010)

The inability of proteins to potently penetrate mammalian cells limits their usefulness as tools and therapeutics. When fused to superpositively charged GFP, proteins rapidly (within minutes) entered five different types of mammalian cells with potency up to approximately 100-fold greater than that of corresponding fusions with known protein transduction domains (PTDs) including Tat, oligoarginine, and penetratin. Ubiquitin-fused supercharged GFP when incubated with human cells was partially deubiquitinated, suggesting that proteins delivered with supercharged GFP can access the cytosol. Likewise, supercharged GFP delivered functional, nonendosomal recombinase enzyme with greater efficiencies than PTDs in vitro and also delivered functional recombinase enzyme to the retinae of mice when injected in vivo.
Synthesis of QS‐21‐Xylose: Establishment of the Immunopotentiating Activity of Synthetic QS‐21 Adjuvant with a Melanoma Vaccine (2008)

A helping hand: The adjuvant QS-21-xylose (see structure; the xylose residue is shown in red) was obtained in pure form by chemical synthesis. When combined with its synthetic apiose isomer to furnish synthetic QS-21 (sQS-21), the saponin combination was shown to aid the production of antibodies in mice when injected with a melanoma vaccine. The preparation of sQS-21 provides access to pure, functional saponin adjuvants of defined composition.
Modification of human pain threshold by specific tactile receptors (1979)

The effects of conditioning vibrotactile stimulation of particular tactile receptor groups on thresholds to painful electric stimuli were studied in seven healthy adults. Preferentially Pacinian afferents were activated with conditioning sinusoidal vibration of 240 Hz at 20 and 200 micrometers amplitudes and preferentially non-Pacinian tactile fibers were activated with conditioning sinusoidal vibration of 20 Hz at 200 and 400 micrometers amplitudes. None of the subjects showed pain threshold elevation during activation of non-Pacinian tactile fibers. However, 6 of the 7 subjects showed significant pain threshold elevation with conditioning vibration stimulus of 240 Hz at 200 micrometers amplitude, and 4 subjects showed significantly elevated pain thresholds with conditioning stimulus of 240 Hz at 20 micrometers amplitude. It is concluded that the activation of Pacinian afferents causes inhibition of pain conducting pathways.
Third Moment of the Number of Neutrons Detected in Short Time Intervals (1968)

The fluctuation in neutron counts occurring in the course of short time intervals has been mathematically formulated up to the third moment. Second and the third order fluctuation parameters representing the degree of neutron correlation in the system are derived as functions of time interval in a form that is independent of the counter efficiency. It is suggested that measurement of the effective multiplication factor of the system is possible by comparing the third order parameter with the square of that of the second order.
Efficient motion compensation using multiple warped reference pictures based on feature tracking and segmentation (2009)

In this paper we present an efficient motion compensation method using warped reference pictures reflecting dynamic local warping motions in the video sequences. To extract various local warping motions between two scenes, we integrate the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracking algorithm and feature segmentation scheme. After extracting warping motion parameters, we generate multiple warped reference pictures containing each warping motion, which are inserted to the original reference picture list as an additional reference pictures. Experimental results shows that bit rate reduction can be achieved up to 20% in some sequence having zooming motion and average 6% bit rate reduction is yielded through the whole test sequences.
Functional map networks for analyzing and exploring large shape collections (2014)

The construction of networks of maps among shapes in a collection enables a variety of applications in data-driven geometry processing. A key task in network construction is to make the maps consistent with each other. This consistency constraint, when properly defined, leads not only to a concise representation of such networks, but more importantly, it serves as a strong regularizer for correcting and improving noisy initial maps computed between pairs of shapes in isolation. Up-to-now, however, the consistency constraint has only been fully formulated for point-based maps or for shape collections that are fully similar. In this paper, we introduce a framework for computing consistent functional maps within heterogeneous shape collections. In such collections not all shapes share the same structure --- different types of shared structure may be present within different (but possibly overlapping) sub-collections. Unlike point-based maps, functional maps can encode similarities at multiple levels of detail (points or parts), and thus are particularly suitable for coping with such diversity within a shape collection. We show how to rigorously formulate the consistency constraint in the functional map setting. The formulation leads to a powerful tool for computing consistent functional maps, and also for discovering shared structures, such as meaningful shape parts. We also show how to adapt the procedure for handling very large-scale shape collections. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that the proposed framework significantly improves upon state-of-the-art data-driven techniques. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework in shape co-segmentation and various shape exploration tasks.
Supporting multiple view maintenance policies (1997)

Materialized views and view maintenance are becoming increasingly important in practice. In order to satisfy different data currency and performance requirements, a number of view maintenance policies have been proposed. Immediate maintenance involves a potential refresh of the view after every update to the deriving tables. When staleness of views can be tolerated, a view may be refreshed periodically or (on-demand) when it is queried. The maintenance policies that are chosen for views have implications on the validity of the results of queries and affect the performance of queries and updates. In this paper, we investigate a number of issues related to supporting multiple views with different maintenance policies. We develop formal notions of consistency for views with different maintenance policies. We then introduce a model based on view groupings for view maintenance policy assignment, and provide algorithms, based on the viewgroup model, that allow consistency of views to be guaranteed. Next, we conduct a detailed study of the performance aspects of view maintenance policies based on an actual implementation of our model. The performance study investigates the trade-offs between different maintenance policy assignments. Our analysis of both the consistency and performance aspects of various view maintenance policies are important in making correct maintenance policy assignments.
Immune adsorption of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. (1982)

Plasma exchange is an effective technique for removal of antibodies prior to ABO incompatible marrow grafting. However, expense and hepatitis risk make alternative methods desirable. A solid phase immunoadsorbent column using blood group A trisaccharide has been demonstrated to specifically remove anti-A antibody from human plasma in vitro and immunized dogs in vivo with no toxicity. Preliminary results in patients are encouraging.
Antenna noise temperature (1968)

Expressions for calculating the noise temperature of an antenna are deduced. The influence of the atmosphere and the environment of the antenna are discussed. It appears that analytical expressions for the sky temperature T(θ, φ) are available. So, if the antenna gain function G(θ, φ) is also known analytically, it is possible to calculate the noise temperature of the antenna. If G(θ, φ) is unknown, it is still possible to predict the noise temperature by finding the power lost through several causes, such as blocking and diffraction. This power does not contribute to the main lobe and is mostly scattered in all directions. In some cases, however, it is also possible to predict into what solid angles this lost power is radiated.