gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphical One-Time Password (GOTPass): A usability evaluation (2016)

Complying with a security policy often requires users to create long and complex passwords to protect their accounts. However, remembering such passwords is difficult for many and may lead to insecure practices, such as choosing weak passwords or writing them down. In addition, they are vulnerable to various types of attacks, such as shoulder surfing, replay, and keylogger attacks (Gupta, Sahni, Sabbu, Varma, & Gangashetty, 2012) One-Time Passwords (OTPs) aim to overcome such problems (Gupta et al., 2012); however, most implemented OTP techniques require special hardware, which not only adds cost, but there are also issues regarding its availability (Brostoff, Inglesant, & Sasse, 2010). In contrast, the use of graphical passwords is an alternative authentication mechanism designed to aid memorability and ease of use, often forming part of a multifactor authentication process. This article is complementary to the earlier work that introduced and evaluated the security of the new hybrid user-authentication approach: Graphical One-Time Password (GOTPass) (Alsaiari et al., 2015). The scheme aims to combine the usability of recognition-based and draw-based graphical passwords with the security of OTP. The article presents the results of an empirical user study that investigates the usability features of the proposed approach, as well as pretest and posttest questionnaires. The experiment was conducted during three separate sessions, which took place over five weeks, to measure the efficiency, effectiveness, memorability, and user satisfaction of the new scheme. The results showed that users were able to easily create and enter their credentials as well as remember them over time. Participants carried out a total of 1,302 login attempts with a 93% success rate and an average login time of 24.5 s.
Radiological manifestations of parasitic disease. (1986)

Parasitic diseases are very common on a worldwide basis. In certain cases radiological features are of importance both for primary diagnosis and for detection of complications of infestation. This review concentrates on parasitic diseases of radiological interest.
Design of an intra predictor with data reuse for high-profile H.264 applications (2009)

This paper presents a high-profile intra predictor for H.264 video decoder. To alleviate the starved bandwidth of intra compensation in high-definition video, we reuse the neighboring pixels and optimize the buffer size and access latency. In particular, a dedicated pixel buffer reuses neighboring pixel for realizing MB-adaptive frame-field (MBAFF) decoding in intra compensation. Moreover, a base-mode predictor is explored to optimize the area efficiency for reference sample filtering process (RSFP) in intra 8times8 modes. Simulation results show that the proposed data-reused intra prediction module requires 14 K logic gates and 688 bits SRAM, and operates on 100 MHz frequency for realizing 1080 HD video playback at 30 fps.
Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

Demographic trends with longer life expectancy and a lifestyle characterized by low physical activity and high-energy food intake contribute to an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Patients with recent onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus may have impaired bone formation because of the absence of the anabolic effects of insulin and amylin, whereas in long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus, vascular complications may account for low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased fracture risk despite a higher BMD, which is mainly attributable to the increased risk of falling. Strategies to improve BMD and to prevent osteoporotic fractures in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may include optimal glycemic control and aggressive prevention and treatment of vascular complications. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may additionally benefit from early visual assessment, regular exercise to improve muscle strength and balance, and specific measures for preventing falls.
Spectroscopy and Femtosecond Dynamics of Type-II CdSe/ZnTe Core−Shell Semiconductor Synthesized via the CdO Precursor (2004)

CdSe/ZnTe type-II quantum dots (QDs) synthesized via the CdO precursor are reported. Spectroscopic and femtosecond dynamic measurements reveal that the rate of photoinduced electron/hole spatial separation decreases with increases in the size of the core, and it is independent of the thickness of the shell in the CdSe/ZnTe QDs. The results are consistent with the binding strength of the electron and hole confined at the center of CdSe. The correlation between the core/shell size and the electron/hole spatial separation rate resolved in this study may provide valuable information for applications where rapid photoinduced carrier separation followed by charge transfer into a matrix or electrode is crucial, such as in photovoltaic devices.
SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry of High-Density Lipoprotein (2007)

Based on these results, SELDI-TOF MS may be a suitable high-throughput candidate for HDL protein profiling and marker search. This approach may be used to i) investigate the underlying mechanisms that lead to increased atherothrombotic risk and ii) to investigate the atherothrombotic state of an individual.
Metasurface-Based Polarimeters (2018)

The state of polarization (SOP) is an inherent property of light that can be used to gain crucial information about the composition and structure of materials interrogated with light. However, the SOP is difficult to experimentally determine since it involves phase information between orthogonal polarization states, and is uncorrelated with the light intensity and frequency, which can be easily determined with photodetectors and spectrometers. Rapid progress on optical gradient metasurfaces has resulted in the development of conceptually new approaches to the SOP characterization. In this paper, we review the fundamentals of and recent developments within metasurface-based polarimeters. Starting by introducing the concepts of generalized Snell’s law and Stokes parameters, we explain the Pancharatnam–Berry phase (PB-phase) which is instrumental for differentiating between orthogonal circular polarizations. Then we review the recent progress in metasurface-based polarimeters, including polarimeters, spectropolarimeters, orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectropolarimeters, and photodetector integrated polarimeters. The review is ended with a short conclusion and perspective for future developments.
The probe gap model can underestimate the available bandwidth of multihop paths (2006)

The Probe Gap Model (PGM) was proposed as a lightweight and fast available bandwidth estimation method. Measurement tools such as Delphi and Spruce are based on PGM. Compared to estimation methods that require multiple iterations with different probing rates, PGM uses a single probing rate and it infers the available bandwidth from a direct relation between the input and output rates of measurement packet pairs. An important assumption behind the PGM model is that the measured path has a single bottleneck link that determines the available bandwidth of the end-to-end path. In this letter, we show that, even though PGM is accurate in the case of a single queue, it cannot estimate the available bandwidth of multi-hop paths, even if there is a single bottleneck in the path. Whether PGM is accurate or not depends on the routing of cross traffic relative to the measurement traffic. PGM is accurate when the cross traffic follows the same path with the measurement traffic. In the general case, however, PGM can significantly underestimate the available bandwidth of an end-to-end path.
Refractive index of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer (1982)

The refractive indices of the ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer have been investigated. The copolymer reveals birefringence in all its composition ranges. Birefringence of the copolymer film is observed even at higher temperatures than the Curie temperature. The noticeable decrease of the refractive indices at around the Curie temperature is caused by a change of the density.
Optically pumped surface-emitting DFB GaInAsP/InP lasers with circular grating (1991)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides (1994)

Long-range power-law correlations have been reported recently for DNA sequences containing noncoding regions. We address the question of whether such correlations may be a trivial consequence of the known mosaic structure ("patchiness") of DNA. We analyze two classes of controls consisting of patchy nucleotide sequences generated by different algorithms--one without and one with long-range power-law correlations. Although both types of sequences are highly heterogenous, they are quantitatively distinguishable by an alternative fluctuation analysis method that differentiates local patchiness from long-range correlations. Application of this analysis to selected DNA sequences demonstrates that patchiness is not sufficient to account for long-range correlation properties.
Highly Chlorine‐Tolerant Polymers for Desalination (2008)

Get the salt out: Conventional polyamide desalination membranes suffer from low chlorine tolerance, leading to short membrane life. Using newly synthesized sulfonated copolymers prepared by direct copolymerization of disulfonated monomer, chlorine-tolerant desalination membranes (see picture) showing high flux and high salt rejection were developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of Modified Tripyrranes (cf. (III)) and Their Application to the Syntheses of Regioisomerically Pure Porphyrin Derivatives (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of (+)-Dihydro-<i>epi</i>-deoxyarteannuin B (2007)

The synthesis of (+)-dihydro-epi-deoxyarteannuin B (3) from (-)-isopulegol is described. Difficulties in the alkylation of menthone derivatives (e.g., 4a --> 6a) were overcome by using Noyori's zincate enolate method. Related problems with nucleophilic addition to the hindered menthone core of 6a were resolved by using either organocerium or acetylide nucleophiles. Finally, two alternative olefin metathesis approaches are reported for the final cyclization. This study provides insight into the reactivity and synthetic processing of the artemisinin sesquiterpenes.
Degenerate curve attacks: extending invalid curve attacks to Edwards curves and other models (2017)

Invalid curve attacks are a well known attack class targeting elliptic curve arithmetic implementations. In such attacks, the adversary tricks the cryptographic device into carrying out scalar multiplications on a weaker curve instead of on the expected, secure curve. The original approach of Antipa et al ., however, only affects elliptic curve implementations using addition and doubling formulas that are independent of at least one of the curve parameters. This property is satisfied for elliptic curves in Weierstrass form, but not newer, increasingly popular models such as (twisted) Edwards curves. It has, therefore, been suggested that invalid curve attacks would not be applicable against these alternate models. In this study, the authors demonstrate that this is not the case, and present the first attack of this nature against (twisted) Edwards curves, Jacobi quartics, Jacobi intersections, and more. They also extend the analysis to characteristic 2 models, namely binary Huff, Edwards, and Lambda coordinates. They also show that our result may be used constructively as a fault attack countermeasure inspired by Shamir's trick, particularly on curves over random base fields.
NOTE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SUCCINIC ACID LABELED IN THE CARBOXYL POSITION WITH RADIOACTIVE CARBON (1949)

In the course of investigations in intermediary carbohydrate metabolism, it was necessary to employ isotopic succinic acid. This material, labeled with Cl4 in the carboxyl position, was prepared via acetylenedicarboxylic acid according to the method described by Gilman and Haubein (1). In order to adapt the method to isotopic synthesis modifications were made, as described below, in the carbonation of the Grignard reagent. The reactions involved in the synthesis of the acetylenedicarboxylic acid, as postulated by Gilman and Haubein, are the following:
Shipment Localization Kit: An Automated Approach for Tracking and Tracing General Cargo (2007)

Tracking and tracing services are of great importance for the transportation and logistics industry and have become standard services for most logistics providers. Senders as well as consignees use this service in order to align their business and manufacturing processes with the respective forwarding activities. Within the field of parcel and expedited logistics, the use of standard parcel sizes enables a comparatively simple technical implementation of tracking and tracing by the use of bar code systems. However, for carriers of general cargo this issue can become rather challenging out of two reasons. First, shipments have all assumable sizes and shapes and second, forwarders are very often organized in open logistics chains or networks. This paper proposes a hybrid approach for automated tracking and tracing of general cargo based on cellular positioning and radio frequency identification (RFID). Based on the results of a field test of a leading European logistics provider, this paper discusses the opportunities arising from this approach as well as its future potential.
Automated Determination of Urea and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NPN) in Animal Feeds (1981)

A minor modification in the automated analytical system of the official AOAC semiautomated method for determining crude proteins results in an automated method for determining urea and ammoniacal nitrogen in animal feeds and their ingredients. Urease enzyme which has high activity, yields a clear solution in water, has low ammonia impurity, and is inexpensive is used in the automated method. Weights from 1 to 2.5 g feed sample are dissolved in water, and sample solutions are analyzed at the rate of 40 samples/h. Five AAFCO feed check samples were analyzed repeatedly by the automated method, and results were compared with the grand averages from the check sample reports. The official AOAC manual urease method was used by AAFCO participants. Average recovery of urea and ammoniacal nitrogen was 100.6% by the automated method relative to the AAFCO reported averages. The range of recoveries as 98.5-102.7%. The non-protein nitrogen (NPN) concentrations, expressed as protein equivalent, ranged from 3.40 to 63.04% protein on these samples. The average relative standard deviation for the automated analyses was 0.77%, compared with 1.54% for the manual method. This method is an important adjunct to laboratories using or considering use of the semiautomated method for crude protein and needing further information on NPN.
A Structure for Transportable, Dynamic Multimedia Documents (1991)

This paper presents a document structure for describing transportable, dynamic multimedia documents. Multimedia documents consist of a set of discrete data components that are joined together in time and space to present a user (or reader) with a single coordinated whole. Transportable documents are those in which the document structure can be accessed across system environments independently of individual component input or output dependencies; dynamic documents are those in which the synchronization of document components are not staticly defined as an integral part of the data definition but are dynamicly defined as attributes of the general document structure. The focus of this paper is the presentation of the basic building blocks of the CWI Multimedia Interchange Format (CMIF). CMIF is used to describe the temporal and structural relationships that exist in multimedia documents. In order to put our work in a concrete context, we start our discussion with a brief description of the portability requirements for documents used within the CWI/Multimedia Pipeline. We then provide a layered description of our document structure format; this format provides a means for expressing a document in terms of synchronization channels, event descriptors, data descriptors, data blocks and synchronization arcs, each element of which contains a set of appropriate descriptive attributes. The paper describes each of these concepts abstractly as well as in the context of a uniform example. The paper concludes with a discussion of our intended future direction in using the various attribute descriptors to control a broad range of activities within the CWI/Multimedia Pipeline. 1.
The Development of Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Cementitious Composites (2014)

Freezing and thawing of water in saturated concrete induces stresses, cracks, spalling, and eventually allows chlorides, sulphates and other ions to penetrate through the porous space of concrete causing the corrosion and ultimately structural failure. These detrimental factors are limited if concrete has the ability to repel water. Water repellant concrete was achieved through internal and external surface applications. Hydrophobicity, over- and super-hydrophobicity are demonstrated by the ability of a surface to repel water and are characterized by contact angles. In cementitious composites internal hydrophobization can be achieved through the addition of superhydrophobic admixtures to fresh concrete resulting in an air void system with small, well-dispersed air bubbles to provide superior resistance to freezing and thawing. Hydrophobic, over- and super-hydrophobic surface coatings were achieved by the design of hierarchical surfaces tailoring the fiber content, mixture proportion, and superhydrophobic emulsions. Contact angle tests were used to characterize the developed coatings. The use of internal hydrophobization improves freezing and thawing resistance of fiber-reinforced composites as demonstrated by a durability factor of 100 through as many as 700 accelerated (-50°C to 20°C) cycles in 5% NaCl solution.
RNA pseudoknot domain of tobacco mosaic virus can functionally substitute for a poly(A) tail in plant and animal cells. (1990)

The genomes of many RNA viruses terminate in a tertiary structure similar to the L-conformation of tRNAs and this structure is recognized by many tRNA-specific enzymes such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Virtually the entire 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA is involved in an extended tertiary structure containing, in addition to a tRNA-like structure, a pseudoknot domain that lies immediately upstream. Although the functions of these structures are not well understood, they are essential to the virus. We demonstrate that the addition of the 204-base TMV 3'-untranslated region to foreign mRNA constructs can increase gene expression up to 100-fold compared to nonadenylated mRNA. The 3'-UTR of TMV was equal to or greater than a polyadenylated tail in enhancing gene expression in electroporated dicot and monocot protoplasts. The TMV 3'-UTR is functionally similar to a polyadenylated tail in that it increases mRNA stability and translation and must be positioned at the 3' terminus to function efficiently. Similar effects on expression were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, demonstrating that the sequence functions in a wide range of eukaryotes. When the extended tertiary structure was dissected, the upstream pseudoknot domain was found to be largely responsible for increasing expression. The inclusion of the tRNA-like structure, however, was important for full regulation.
Indefinite Causal Order in a Quantum Switch (2018)

Quantum mechanics allows events to happen with no definite causal order: this can be verified by measuring a causal witness, in the same way that an entanglement witness verifies entanglement. Here, we realize a photonic quantum switch, where two operations A[over ^] and B[over ^] act in a quantum superposition of their two possible orders. The operations are on the transverse spatial mode of the photons; polarization coherently controls their order. Our implementation ensures that the operations cannot be distinguished by spatial or temporal position-further it allows qudit encoding in the target. We confirm our quantum switch has no definite causal order by constructing a causal witness and measuring its value to be 18 standard deviations beyond the definite-order bound.
Viral RNA modulates the acid sensitivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsids (1995)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) manifests an extreme sensitivity to acid, which is thought to be important for entry of the RNA genome into the cell. We have compared the low-pH-induced disassembly in vitro of virions and natural empty capsids of three subtypes of serotype A FMDV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. For all three subtypes (A22 Iraq 24/64, A10(61), and A24 Cruzeiro), the empty capsid was more stable by 0.5 pH unit on average than the corresponding virion. Unexpectedly, in the natural empty capsids used in this study, the precursor capsid protein VP0 was found largely to be cleaved into VP2 and VP4. For picornaviruses the processing of VP0 is closely associated with encapsidation of viral RNA, which is considered likely to play a catalytic role in the cleavage. Investigation of the cleavage of VP0 in natural empty capsids failed to implicate the viral RNA. However, it remains possible that these particles arise from abortive attempts to encapsidate RNA. Empty capsids expressed from a vaccinia virus recombinant showed essentially the same acid lability as natural empty capsids, despite differing considerably in the extent of VP0 processing, with the synthetic particles containing almost exclusively uncleaved VP0. These results indicate that it is the viral RNA that modulates acid lability in FMDV. In all cases the capsids dissociate at low pH directly into pentameric subunits. Comparison of the three viruses indicates that FMDV A22 Iraq is about 0.5 pH unit more sensitive to low pH than types A10(61) and A24 Cruzeiro. Sequence analysis of the three subtypes identified several differences at the interface between pentamers and highlighted a His-alpha-helix dipole interaction which spans the pentamer interface and appears likely to influence the acid lability of the virus.