gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical Instrumentation For Vitrectomy (1983)

The eye is one of the organs that can be observed easily with the aid of simple optical instruments. The structure of the eye, for that reason, is better understood than that of many other organs. Many of the abnormalities of the eye have been diagnosed, treated, and documented. However, surgical intervention of the vitreous humor - a vitrectomy procedure -did not begin until 1971. The commencement and success of a vitrectomy procedure depends heavily on the efficacy and safety of the vitrectomy instrumentation which is designed specifically to remove the vitreous humor effectively with minimal risks and surgically induced complications. A good instrument design must be based upon a clear understanding of the basic functions required by the physician. (This paper will be published in two parts.)
Study of mechanically tunable superconducting microwave filter using lumped elements (2003)

We propose a mechanically tunable superconducting microwave filter based on lumped elements composed of planar meander-line inductors (L) and inter-digital capacitors (C). As the first step, we have designed and evaluated a 3-pole Chebyshev bandpass filters with lumped elements using a circuit simulator. It is found that the center frequency, bandwidth and skirt rejection of the filter can be controlled by changing only the capacitance. The L and C elements values are estimated using an electromagnetic simulator. Furthermore, we have fabricated the inter-digital capacitor designed with the above procedure. We have evaluated change of the C values using mechanical tuning as a step toward a tunable superconducting microwave filter.
Equipment, Standardization, and Applications of Image Processing (1993)

Journal Article Equipment, Standardization, and Applications of Image Processing Get access Wendy A. Wells, M.R.C.PATH., Wendy A. Wells, M.R.C.PATH. Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert O. Rainer, M.D., Robert O. Rainer, M.D. Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vincent A. Memoli, M.D. Vincent A. Memoli, M.D. Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 99, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 48–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/99.1.48 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 03 February 1992 Accepted: 03 March 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Radiation-induced Alarm and Failure of an Implanted Programmable Intrathecal Pump (2007)

Numerous potential complications are associated with the use of programmable intrathecal (IT) drug delivery systems. Radiation is often assumed to cause dysfunctions of the programmable IT device. However, radiation-induced failure of this device and limits of dose exposure have not clinically documented. Here we reported an alarm and failure of an implanted programmable IT pump in a turn-off status exposed directly to radiation used for treatment of a retroperitoneal sarcoma. The radiation-induced alarm was likely secondary to the electronic circuit damage and/or battery depletion. Estimated cumulative doses to the pump were in the range of 28.5 to 36 Gy when the alarm occurred after 20 daily treatments. The IT pump itself exposed to this high-dose radiation did not pose any risk to the patient or the environment. This is the first case description about the pump malfunction secondary to clinical radiotherapy, which is very useful to physicians who manage the pain and radiotherapy for cancer patients.
Cloning and expression of two Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases in Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

Chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus mutans strain MFe28 (serotype h) was cloned in the bacteriophage vector lambda L47.1. Two classes of recombinants were found which expressed glucosyltransferase activity in phage plaques: (i) gtfS, which expressed a glucosyltransferase synthesizing a water-soluble, dextranase-sensitive glucan, and (ii) gtfI, which expressed a primer-dependent glucosyltransferase synthesizing an insoluble glucan.
P53 mutations associated with breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and ovarian cancers. (1996)

In this paper we describe a statistical analysis of the European Molecular Library p53 mutation database comparing p53 mutations occurring in breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and ovarian cancers. The analyses show that mutation hot spots vary by cancer and that base pair changes and predicted amino acid changes in the gene product vary by cancer and by codon. The analyses use relative frequencies and epidemiologic measures of effect (prevalence ratios) not applied previously to these data. The five cancers in the database with the largest sample sizes were breast (418), colorectal (398), liver (341), non-small cell lung (313), and ovarian cancers (251), for a total of 1,721 reports of p53 mutations. The five cancers varied considerably in the distribution of mutations over sites, with different hot spots in each cancer. At the six most frequently reported codon sites, we compared base pair and amino acid changes by type of cancer. The comparison of base pair changes indicated a predominance of particular base pair changes at a codon (for example, C-->T and G-->A changes at Codon 248) and their association with specific cancers (C-->T changes with colorectal cancer and G-->A changes with both colorectal and breast cancers at codon 248). Comparing predicted amino acid changes by codon and cancer was also intriguing, as in codons 175 and 273, where arginine to cysteine and arginine to histidine changes were frequent in breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. Variations in p53 mutational distributions by cancer may be explained by different exposures to carcinogens or by organ-specific clonal selection. Further research may be stimulated by this analysis.
Cell Signalling Through Guanine‐Nucleotide‐Binding Regulatory Proteins (G Proteins) and Phospholipases (1997)

Phospholipases are important enzymes in cell signal transduction since they hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to generate signalling molecules. Heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) play a major role in their regulation by a variety of agonists that activate receptors with seven membrane-spanning domains. Phospholipases of the C type, which hydrolyze inositol phospholipids to yield inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, are regulated by the alpha and betagamma subunits of certain heterotrimeric G proteins as well as by receptor-associated and non-receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. Phospholipases of the D type, which hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid, are regulated by members of the ADP-ribosylation factor and Rho subfamilies of small G proteins, and by protein kinase C and other factors. This review presents recent information concerning the molecular details of G protein regulation of these phospholipases.
Organoboron Compounds. I. A New Synthesis of B-Trialkyl and Triaryl-N-triphenylborazoles<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboron Compounds. I. A New Synthesis of B-Trialkyl and Triaryl-N-triphenylborazoles1Stephen J. Groszos and Stanley F. StafiejCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 6, 1357–1360Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01539a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views521Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resonant cavities for the measurement of the surface resistance of conductors at millimeter wavelengths (1975)

Three cavity resonators for the investigation of the electrical surface characteristics of conductors at millimeter−wave frequencies are described. They are an H−guide resonator and two rectangular cavity resonators optimized to give high accuracy and good repeatability of measurements. The investigation in which these cavities are used involves Q−value measurements at 35 Ghz with polished and rough surfaces.
Data Retention Time and Electrical Characteristics of Cell Transistor According to STI Materials in 90 ㎚ DRAM (2003)

Cell transistor and data retention time characteristics were studied in 90 nm design rule 512M-bit DRAM, for the first time. And, the characteristics of cell transistor are investigated for different STI gap-fill materials. HDP oxide with high compressive stress increases the threshold voltage of cell transistor, whereas the P-SOG oxide with small stress decreases the threshold voltage of cell transistor. Stress between silicon and gap-fill oxide material is found to be the major cause of the shift of the cell transistor threshold voltage. If high stress material is used for STI gap fill, channel-doping concentration can be reduced, so that cell junction leakage current is decreased and data retention time is increased.
An Exp-Golomb encoder and decoder architecture for JVT/AVS (2003)

In recent years, the Exp-Golomb coding, a form of variable length coding (VLC), has gained greater attention due to its important uses in the emerging JVT (also called H.264 in ITU, and AVC in MPEG-4) and AVS (self-developed Chinese audio video standard). In this paper, the Ex-Golomb encoder and decoder architectures for JVT and AVS are proposed for the first time. To solve the key problem associated with determining the code length in the Exp-Golomb encoding and decoding, we use an approach called 'the first 1 detect method' that can greatly simplify the architectures. The areas of the encoder and decoder proposed are 2048 and 3210 gates respectively, which are pretty small. The critical path delays in both architectures are less than 6ns. Therefore, these designs can meet the requirement of high speed for the encoding and decoding in real time.
Optically Induced Occlusion of Single Blood Vessels in Rodent Neocortex (2013)

The ability to form targeted vascular occlusions in small vessels of the brain is an important technique for studying the microscopic basis of cerebral ischemia. We describe two complementary methods that enable targeted occlusion of any single blood vessel within the upper 500 µm of adult rodent neocortex. Our goal is to generate highly localized regions of ischemia by blocking penetrating arterioles and ascending venules, which are bottlenecks of flow in the cortical angioarchitecture. One method, termed photothrombosis, makes use of linear optical absorption by a photosensitizer, transiently circulated in the blood stream, to induce a clot in a surface or near-surface segment of a vessel. The second method, termed plasma-mediated ablation, makes use of nonlinear optical interactions, without the need to introduce an exogenous absorber, to induce clots in subsurface segments of penetrating vessels, as well as subsurface microvessels and capillaries. The choice of the method for occlusion of individual vessels depends on the location of the vessels being studied and the objectives of the study. Here we describe concurrent high resolution in vivo imaging and auxiliary laser setups, occlusion protocols, and post hoc histological procedures.
Fast wideband source separation based on higher-order statistics (2002)

In this paper we develop an algorithm to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the direction of arrival of the wide-band sources. It is well known that when the noise cross-spectral matrix is unknown, these estimates may be grossly inaccurate. Using both the fourth order cumulant for suppression of the Gaussian noise, the transformation matrices for estimating the coherent signal subspace and a noneigenvector algorithm a robust method for the source characterisation problem in the presence of noise with an unknown cross-spectral matrix is developed. We show that the performance of bearing estimation algorithms improves substantially when our robust algorithm is used. Simulation results are presented for the unknown noise spectral matrix.
Factors That Affect Feed Intake of Meat Birds: A Review (2006)

1 Abstract: Feed intake is the major factor that influences both the body weight gain and feed efficiency in meat-type poultry. Because so many factors can influence feed intake, it is often difficult to correct a problem of poor feed intake unless a complete review of feed and management practices is made. Management and flock health issues are usually more likely to reduce feed intake than dietary factors. Dietary factors that influence feed intake would be common among all flocks in a complex rather than on individual flocks. In contrast, environmental or immunological stresses have the most profound effects on flock variation in feed intake. Any management protocol that would alleviate these stressors will improve feed intake. To improve flock feed intake, initially investigate the source of greatest stress or disease challenge.
Crystallization of mordenite from aqueous solutions (1980)

Mordenite was formed directly at l00oC, I atm from clear aqueous Na-Al-Si solutions containing an extremely small quantity of Al. In seeded and unseeded systems, mordenite crystals up to 4pm x 21nn with acicular or prismatic habit were grown. They were elongated along the c axis of the orthorhombic cell with the prism zone formed predominantly by the (ll0) plane. In the seeded syitems, rapid crystallization of mordenite occurred because the seed surface provided nucleation sites. Mordenite grew on the seed surfaces, whether or not the morphol-ogy and the composition and structure of the seed differed widely from mordenite. Such growth phenomena were di-flerent from those observed with analcime grown in seed systems. The chemical composition of mordenite was governed by the initial ratios of soda, alu-miha, and silica in the initial gels and was independent of the depletion of nutrient with reac-tion time. These results probably can be explained by the crystallization meohanism for analcime proposed by Ueda and Koizumi (1979).
Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of films of silicon nanoparticles in aqueous solution (2006)

Films of octadecyl-capped Si nanoparticles (NPs) (diameter, 3.4 ± 0.7 nm) prepared by drop-coating on indium tin oxide (ITO) showed electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for both cathodic and anodic potential sweeps in KOH solutions containing peroxydisulfate. The redox potentials of the Si NPs can be estimated as approximately −0.9 and +0.95 V (versus Ag|AgCl) based on the anodic potential for the onset of ECL minus the ECL peak energy. The ECL exhibits a relatively broad spectrum (FWHM = 160 nm) with a peak wavelength of ∼670 nm (1.85 eV), similar to the photoluminescence spectra. In electrochemical studies in KOH solution in the absence of peroxydisulfate, an anodic current peak appears at about −1 V (versus Ag|AgCl) following a scan to negative potentials. A similar peak has been observed during the etching of a bulk single crystal Si electrode in alkaline aqueous solution. Unpassivated surface sites of Si NPs seem to be etched at potentials negative of the anodic oxidation peak.
Diethyl (3-Trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)phosphonate, a New Reagent for the Preparation of Terminal Conjugated Enynes (1991)

The preparation and use of diethyl (3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)phosphonate as a reactant with aldehydes and ketones for the synthesis of terminal conjugated enynes is reported. The reagent is readily obtained and purified by simple procedures amenable to scale up. The scope of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction using the reagent has been briefly explored.
Control of Gene Expression by Artificial Introns in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1989)

Artificial yeast introns that show cold-sensitive splicing have been constructed. These conditional introns can be inserted into a target gene as an "intron cassette" without disrupting the coding information, allowing expression of the gene to be cold sensitive. Insertion of these intron cassettes rendered the yeast URA3 gene cold sensitive in its expression. The advantage of this intron-mediated control system is that any gene can be converted to a controllable gene by simple insertion of an intron.
Children's Strategies for Creating Playspaces: Negotiating Independence in Rural Bolivia (2000)

First paragraph: Recent research in the new social studies of childhood recognises that children are competent social actors who play an active part in their social worlds (Waksler 1991; Mayall 1994; Caputo 1995; Waksler 1996). Yet there are still relatively few studies which document the ways in which children devise ways to counteract adult's power and control over their lives. However, although the agency of children is important in understanding their capacities (Sibley 1991), it must be acknowledged that children also face limitations. The aim of this chapter is to consider how rural children in Bolivia actively negotiate ways to assert their autonomy despite being constrained by adults who enforce boundaries of time and space (James 1993; Ennew 1994; Sibley 1995). Adult-imposed limits confine children, yet children's resourcefulness and competencies enable them to create strategies for controlling their own use of time and space.
The Adaptation of a Colorimetric Method to the Determination of Fatty Acids in Wort and Beer (1965)

(1965). The Adaptation of a Colorimetric Method to the Determination of Fatty Acids in Wort and Beer. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 23, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1965, pp. 222-224.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient without immunodeficiency (2011)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the JC virus usually in the context of immunodeficiency. We report a case of PML in a patient without evidence of immunosuppression and highlight several issues relating to diagnosis and management.

### Case report.

A 62-year-old right-handed man presented with a 2-year history of progressive left-sided headache, speech difficulties, and hand clumsiness. Three weeks prior to admission he had substantial cognitive decline with concentration and memory difficulties. He reported fatigue and 15-pound weight loss. His background history included hypertension and coronary artery disease. He reported isolated, uncomplicated thoracic shingles 4 years prior. There was no history of alcohol abuse.

On examination, he was alert but disoriented to time. He had anomia with expressive aphasia. Comprehension and repetition were intact. He recalled 2 of 3 objects. Motor and sensory examinations were unremarkable. Tendon reflexes were brisk on the right. He walked unassisted but was unsteady on tandem gait.

Brain MRI (figure) revealed extensive T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities involving the left frontal subcortical white matter, sparing the overlying cortex. There was vasogenic edema with ill-defined patchy contrast enhancement.



Figure Brain MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence and immunohistopathology of the brain tissue 
(A) At diagnosis. (B) 2 months post mefloquine. (C) 6 months post mefloquine therapy. (D) The lesion comprises perivascular and interstitial chronic inflammation, atypical astrocytes, …
Soluble Carbohydrate Allocation to Roots, Photosynthetic Rate of Leaves, and Nitrate Assimilation as Affected by Nitrogen Stress and Irradiance (1991)

Upon resupply of exogenous nitrogen to nitrogen-stressed plants, uptake rate of nitrogen is enhanced relative to nonstressed plants. Absorption of nitrogen presumably is dependent on availability of carbohydrates in the roots. A buildup in soluble carbohydrates thus should occur in roots of nitrogen-stressed plants, and upon resupply of exogenous nitrogen the increased uptake rate should be accompanied by a rapid decline in carbohydrates to prestress levels. To evaluate this relationship, three sets of tobacco plants growing in a complete hydroponic solution containing 1.0 mM NO3- were either continued in the complete solution for 21 d, transferred to a minus-nitrogen solution for 21 d, or transferred to a minus-nitrogen solution for 8-9 d and then returned to the 1.0 mM NO3- solution. These nitrogen treatments were imposed upon plants growing at photosynthetic photon flux densities of 700 and 350 micromoles m-2 s-1. Soluble carbohydrate levels in roots increased during onset of nitrogen stress to levels that were fourfold greater than in roots of non-stressed plants. Following resupply of external nitrogen, a rapid resumption of nitrogen uptake was accompanied by a decline in soluble carbohydrates in roots to levels characteristic of nonstressed plants. This pattern of soluble carbohydrate levels in roots during onset of and recovery from nitrogen stress occurred at both irradiance levels. The response of net photosynthetic rate to nitrogen stress could be expressed as a nonlinear function of concentration of reduced nitrogen in leaves. The net photosynthetic rate at a given concentration of reduced nitrogen, however, averaged 10% less at the lower than at the higher irradiance. The decline in net photosynthetic rate per unit of reduced nitrogen in leaves at the lower irradiance was accompanied by an increase in the nitrate fraction of total nitrogen in leaves from 20% at the higher irradiance to 38% at the lower irradiance.
Identifying suitable benchmarks in the way toward achieving targets using data envelopment analysis (2021)

Abstract It was earlier claimed by the authors that the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models commonly used only implement objectives concerned with target setting, while peer identification, which is a key issue for the benchmarking, is actually a by‐product. For this reason, they developed some bi‐objective DEA benchmarking models that pay special attention to the selection of benchmarks among peers, in addition to setting the closest targets. Following an analogous approach, we here continue that research and propose new models that provide a response to the question of whom to emulate to achieve the targets that have been set for a given organization. Thus, the proposed approach now aims to relate the setting of targets and the identification of peers, specifically identifying peers that may serve as benchmarks for improving performance in the direction established by the targets set. As a result, the models identify the so‐called leading benchmark , which is the one whose performance is most aligned with the targets. Eventually, a series of targets and peers are generated by varying the importance attached to the two objectives considered, which offer decision‐makers alternatives for the selection of a course of action when planning improvements.