gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity in Normal and Dry Eye Human Tears by CCL-185 Cell Bioassay (2010)

The CCL-185 cell assay was found to be a suitable tool for assessing TGF-beta activity in human tears. Tear TGF-beta bioactivity increases in DE, particularly in Sjögren syndrome, where elevated levels of TGF-beta1 transcripts in the conjunctival epithelium have been previously detected.
Cytoprotective effects of a blue light–filtering intraocular lens on human retinal pigment epithelium by reducing phototoxic effects on vascular endothelial growth factor-α, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression (2009)

Both IOLs reduced light-induced RPE damage. The UV- and blue light-filtering IOL reduced damage more than the conventional IOL. This supports the hypothesis that blue light-filtering IOLs may prevent retinal damage in clinical use.
Recombinant IL-3 induces histamine release from human basophils. (1989)

Human rIL-3 induces histamine release from some human basophils, with cells from atopics responding to a greater extent than non-atopic donors. The dose response curves were highly variable. IL-3 was active on purified basophils and the release process was slower and required more calcium than anti-IgE. Removal of surface IgE from basophils rendered them unresponsive to IL-3. The response could be restored by passive sensitization of basophils with IgE+, IgE known to bind histamine-releasing factors, and not IgE-, IgE unreactive with histamine-releasing factors. Thus, IL-3 uncovers IgE heterogeneity. IL-3 does not, however, directly interact with IgE+. Rather, passive sensitization with IgE+ or stimulation of basophils with low concentrations of several secretagogues renders the cells sensitive to IL-3. IL-3 may well play a pro-inflammatory role by potentiating the effects of IgE+ or various secretagogues.
On interaction between loss characterization and forward error correction in wireless multimedia communication (2005)

With the steadily growing synergy between existing heterogeneous networks, the wireless LAN appears as the de-facto wireless access network in the end-to-end multimedia services distribution chain. Unlike in the traditional wired multi-hop networks (Internet) where congestions increase persistently both delays and losses, wireless packet losses are often location- and time-varying. Particularly, WLAN communication is characterized by high bit error rates that translates into tight loss dependency. The loss process may rapidly shift between different loss correlations levels, resulting in poor forward error correction (FEC) recovery capabilities. In this paper, we address this issue by providing a combined loss model to accurately characterize the wireless loss distribution features. We use control theory guided parameter tuning in order to urge the convergence of the loss models towards seizing the instantaneous loss distribution trends. Finally, we derive a new loss-specific QoS metrics for new FEC block allocation scheme.
Generation and coordination of bipedal locomotion through global entrainment (2002)

G. Taga et al. (1991) proposed that bipedal locomotion is realized as a global limit cycle generated through global entrainment between the neural system composed of neural oscillators and the physical system. Here, the walking movement is shown to be robust against spatiotemporal changes in environmental constraints such as mechanical perturbations and irregular terrain. It is demonstrated that synchronization occurs between two walking bipeds through simple interaction by means of an analysis of a phase response curve. This is confirmed by computer simulation. This implies that the principle of global entrainment is applicable to multilocomotor systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electromagnetic torsion mirrors for self-aligned fiber-optic crossconnectors by silicon micromachining (1999)

We report a micromechanical fiber-optic switch (1 cm/spl times/1 cm/spl times/1 mm) based on an electromagnetically operated torsion mirror which is suitable for self-latching operation. The switch is fabricated by silicon micromachining technology, and self-alignment technique is employed to align optical fibers to the mirror. A small mirror of gold finished FeNiCo/polysilicon (150 /spl mu/m/spl times/500 /spl mu/m) is supported by two beams, and rotated around the axis in the magnetic field induced by an electromagnet. An incident light is redirected by the mirror in a free-space smaller than 1 mm/sup 3/. Multimode fibers are used for optical coupling of small loss (-2.5 dB for reflection and -0.83 dB for transmission) at a wavelength 1.55 /spl mu/m. Typical switching time is 10-25 ms, and switching contrast is larger than 45 dB. Magnetic torque and optical coupling are theoretically investigated.
Pro ASP.NET 4 CMS: Advanced Techniques for C# Developers Using the .NET 4 Framework (2010)

To be a successful ASP.NET 4 developer, you need to know how to apply the vast array of new functionality available in the latest release of the .NET 4 Framework and Visual Studio 2010. This book will immerse you in a variety of advanced topics, including architecting different application data tiers, memory caching paradigms, data mining, and search engine optimization. Working through step-by-step exercises using P/LINQ, DLR, MEF, MVC, IronPython, Axum, and Ajax, you will learn a variety of approaches to building each of the key application tiers common to all web solutions. Using a proven technique of illustrating advanced concepts with functional solutions, all topics in the book are modeled on a fully operational content management system (CMS), built from the ground up. This ensures that youll be introduced to real-world examples that demonstrate the full functionality of the .NET 4 Framework for ASP.NET, and that youll be able to apply your new skills to any web development situation.
Synthetic Reactions of Metal Atoms at Temperatures of 10 to 273°K (1975)

Abstract Metal atoms, easily formed by vaporizing metals at high temperatures under vacuum, are reacted with inorganic and organic compounds in solution at 80 to 273°K or by co‐condensing the atoms and substrate vapors at 10 to 80°K. Gram quantities of products containing metals in low valency states can be isolated in many cases, and some of the compounds formed are inaccessible by conventional synthetic routes.
<title>Spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar without Fourier transforms</title> (1994)

The spotlight mode SAR (SPSAR) image reconstruction problem may be solved using a backprojection algorithm in the spatial domain while the radar return signals being recorded. The resulting SPSAR algorithm, studied by Desai and Jenkins, permits parallelization of the image reconstruction, and obviates a costly Fourier-domain resampling step. We show that by using a radar signal of a specially designed form with backprojection, the reconstruction becomes extremely simple, eliminating the need for Fourier processing of the return signals, by incorporating a derivative of a Hilbert transform into the emitted signal. We show some simulation results using this new method. We also briefly discuss an algorithm for reconstruction of a function residing on a hemisphere from its radar returns without geometric approximation or distortion.
Distribution of Type VI Collagen in Human Gliomas (1987)

The distribution of type VI collagen was examined immunohistochemically in normal tissues and in 24 human gliomas and six medulloblastomas. Its localization in the neoplasms was compared with that of fibronectin and glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix (GMEM) glycoprotein. In normal non-neural tissues type VI collagen was demonstrated in the interstitial connective tissue and in some basement membranes. In normal brain it was localized to the vasculature, leptomeninges, and pial-glial membrane. In neoplasms type VI collagen and fibronectin codistributed in the vasculature and stromal connective tissue. The GMEM glycoprotein, as identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 81C6, and a related glioma-mesenchymal matrix antigen identified by MAb 2A6, were expressed not only in the tumor vasculature and connective tissue, but also within the tumor parenchyma in association with glioma cells. The staining intensity was variable in 20 malignant gliomas and weak to absent in two pilocytic astrocytomas and six medulloblastomas. An oligodendroglioma and ependymoma both expressed the 2A6 epitope, but staining with MAb 81C6 was weak to absent. The antigens identified by MAb 81C6 and MAb 2A6 represent the only recognized extracellular matrix components, other than proteoglycans, that are associated with glioma cells in vivo. As prominent constituents of the pericellular matrix, they may be involved in recognized matrix functions such as the modulation of cell adhesion and migration.
Low power embedded software optimization using symbolic algebra (2003)

The market demand for portable multimedia applications has exploded in recent years. Unfortunately for such applications, current compilers and software optimization methods often require designers to do part of the optimization manually. Specifically, the high-level arithmetic optimizations and the use of complex instructions are left to the designers' ingenuity. In this paper, we present a tool flow, SymSoft, that automates the optimization of power-intensive algorithmic constructs using symbolic algebra techniques combined with energy profiling. SymSoft is used to optimize and tune the algorithmic level description of an MPEG Layer III (MP3) audio decoder for the SmartBadge (Maguire et al, 1998) portable embedded system. We show that our tool lowers the number of instructions and memory accesses and thus lowers the system power consumption. The optimized MP3 audio decoder software meets real-time constraints on the SmartBadge system with low energy consumption. Furthermore, the performance improves by a factor of 7.27 and the energy consumption decreases by a factor of 4.45 over the original executable specification.
Potent Anti- <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Activities of Oxidosqualene Cyclase Inhibitors (2001)

Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan agent that causes Chagas' disease, a major health problem in Latin America. Better drugs are needed to treat infected individuals. The sterol biosynthesis pathway is a potentially excellent target for drug therapy against T. cruzi. In this study, we investigated the antitrypanosomal activities of a series of compounds designed to inhibit a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis, oxidosqualene cyclase. This enzyme converts 2,3-oxidosqualene to the tetracyclic product, lanosterol. The lead compound, N-(4E,8E)-5,9, 13-trimethyl-4,8, 12-tetradecatrien-1-ylpyridinium, is an electron-poor aromatic mimic of a monocyclized transition state or high-energy intermediate formed from oxidosqualene. This compound and 27 related compounds were tested against mammalian-stage T. cruzi, and 12 inhibited growth by 50% at concentrations below 25 nM. The lead compound was shown to cause an accumulation of oxidosqualene and decreased production of lanosterol and ergosterol, consistent with specific inhibition of the oxidosqualene cyclase. The data demonstrate potent anti-T. cruzi activity associated with inhibition of oxidosqualene cyclase.
Doubly rotated resonators for sensing the properties of liquids (2004)

When a doubly rotated resonator is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate of the resonator. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, and the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. In this paper, we report the measurements of the series resonant frequency and the motional arm resistance of doubly rotated quartz resonators (theta approximately 35 degrees and phi = 7 degrees) in liquids to compare with singly rotated AT-cut resonators (theta approximately 35 degrees and phi = 0 degrees). A modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) equivalent circuit model is suggested to analyze doubly rotated cut resonators under liquid loading.
Fairness and Optimal Stochastic Control for Heterogeneous Networks (2008)

We consider optimal control for general networks with both wireless and wireline components and time varying channels. A dynamic strategy is developed to support all traffic whenever possible, and to make optimally fair decisions about which data to serve when inputs exceed network capacity. The strategy is decoupled into separate algorithms for flow control, routing, and resource allocation, and allows each user to make decisions independent of the actions of others. The combined strategy is shown to yield data rates that are arbitrarily close to the optimal operating point achieved when all network controllers are coordinated and have perfect knowledge of future events. The cost of approaching this fair operating point is an end-to-end delay increase for data that is served by the network.
Real‐time RT‐PCR for the detection and quantitative analysis of equine rhinitis viruses (2010)

These assays should be useful for investigating the temporal association between clinical signs and rhinitis virus shedding.
MiR-338-5p promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3-mediated autophagy pathway (2019)

MiR-338-5p induces migration, invasion and metastasis of CRC in part through PIK3C3-related autophagy pathway. The miR-338-5p/PIK3C3 ratio may become a prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. FUND: NCKU Hospital, Taiwan, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
A mechanism for establishing policies for electronic commerce (2002)

The paper introduces a mechanism for establishing policies for electronic commerce in a unified and secure manner. A commercial policy can be viewed as the embodiment of a contract between the principals involved in a certain type of commercial activity, and it may be concerned with such issues as: ensuring that a payment for services is refunded under specified circumstances; preventing certificates representing e-cash from being duplicated; ensuring that credit card numbers are used only for the transaction they are intended for; and, for certain socially sensitive transactions like the purchase of drugs, ensuring auditability by proper authorities. Our mechanism is based on a previously published concept of law governed interaction. It makes a strict separation between the formal statement of a policy, which we call a "law," and the enforcement of this law, which is carried out by a set of policy independent trusted controllers. A new policy under this scheme is created basically by formulating its law, and can be easily deployed throughout a distributed system. This mechanism enables a single agent to engage in several different activities, subject to disparate policies. Two example policies are discussed in detail: one ensures refundability of payment under certain circumstances; the other provides for payment by means of non copyable tickets.
Prothrombin activation by an activator from the venom of Oxyuranus scutellatus (Taipan snake). (1986)

The prothrombin activator from the venom of Oxyuranus scutellatus (Taipan snake) was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex. The activator is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 300,000, which is composed of subunits of Mr 110,000 and 80,000 and two disulfide-linked polypeptides of Mr 30,000. One or both of these Mr 30,000 subunits contain the active site. The venom activator readily converts Factor Xa-specific chromogenic substrates and is also able to activate prothrombin (Km = 166 microM, Vmax = 2.5 mumol of prothrombin activated per min/mg of venom). Gel electrophoretic analysis of prothrombin activation indicates that the venom activator randomly cleaves the Arg274-Thr275 and Arg323-Ile324 bonds of prothrombin since both thrombin and meizothrombin are formed as reaction products. Venom-catalyzed prothrombin activation is not affected by bovine Factor Va but is greatly stimulated by phospholipids plus Ca2+ ions. This stimulatory effect is explained by a decrease of the Km for prothrombin. In the presence of 50 microM phospholipid vesicles (25% phosphatidylserine/75% phosphatidylcholine; mole/mole), the Km is 0.34 microM and the Vmax is 7.1 mumol of prothrombin activated per min/mg of venom. The purified venom activator contains gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues which presumably function in the interaction between the venom activator and phospholipids. Treatment of the activator with 0.8 M NaSCN strongly reduces its ability to activate prothrombin but has no effect on its amidolytic activity. The prothrombin-converting activity of the NaSCN-treated activator can be restored with bovine Factor Va. During prolonged gradient gel electrophoresis, the Mr 300,000 activator dissociates into smaller subunits. This causes a loss of the prothrombin-converting activity, while the amidolytic activity is recovered in a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 57,000. This protein can, however, rapidly activate prothrombin in the presence of Factor Va or in the presence of a protein component of Mr 220,000 that also migrates on the gel. These results suggest that the prothrombin activator from the O. scutellatus venom is a multimeric protein complex consisting of a Factor Xa-like enzyme and a Factor Va-like cofactor.
Complimentary measurement of geophysical deformation using repeat-pass SAR (2002)

Differential radar interferometry has proven to be an excellent method to measure displacements associated with geophysical phenomena such as glacier flow, subsidence, tectonic plate motion, and earthquake displacement. Since the technique utilizes the interferometric phase, it is limited in cases where large displacements in the slant range direction result in complete decorrelation. Similarly, if the surface deformation causes rotation of the scene or other disturbances the interferometric signal will be lost. The geophysical displacement field can also be measured via incoherent or coherent cross-correlation of small image chips. This method has the advantages that it does not require phase unwrapping. In cases where there is some degree of interferometric coherence between data acquisitions, the single-look complex image speckles themselves become features that can be accurately tracked. This method is complimentary to the phase-based approach since it works well with the large displacements. Examples for the successful application of the two techniques are found in the mapping of the velocity fields of surging glaciers and displacement fields of major earthquakes. Furthermore, image cross-correlation measurements yield the two-dimensional displacement field while measurements of the phase yield deformation only along the line-of-sight. Accuracy of the cross-correlation method is dependent on the scene content, correlation, and image chip size.
Genomic Diversity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus 2 in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 evolves in vivo after infection, which may affect its virulence, infectivity, and transmissibility. Although how the intrahost variant spreads in the population is still elusive, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of the viral evolution in the population and associated clinical changes.
Improvement of Dissolution Property of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug by Supercritical Freeze Granulation (2009)

The dissolution property of the poorly water-soluble drug, flurbiprofen (FP) was improved by a novel supercritical freeze granulation using supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical freeze granulation was defined as a production method of the granulated substances by using the dry ice to generate intentionally for the rapid atomization of the supercritical carbon dioxide to the atmospheric pressure. This process utilized a rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process with the mixture of the drug and lactose. In the supercritical freeze granulation, needle-like FP fine particles were obtained which adhered to the surface of lactose particles, which did not dissolve in supercritical carbon dioxide. The number of FP particles that adhered to the surface of particles decreased with an increase in the ratio of lactose added, leading to markedly improve the dissolution rate. This improvement was caused not only by the increase in the specific surface area but also the improvement of the dispersibility of FP in water. It is thus concluded that the supercritical freeze granulation is a useful technique to improve the dissolution property of the poorly water-soluble flurbiprofen.
Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic Docetaxel Analogues. Influence of Their Macrocyclic Ring Size on Tubulin Activity (2003)

This work describes the synthesis of a series of novel macrocyclic taxoids 3 and 3(H) designed to mimic the docetaxel solid-state ("nonpolar") conformation. These compounds, bearing 18-, 20-, 21-, and 22-membered rings connecting the C-2 OH and C-3' NH moieties, were constructed by ring-closing olefin metathesis of the taxoid-omega,omega'-dienes 4. Biological evaluation of these new taxoids showed that activity is dependent on the ring size, and only the 22-membered ring taxoid 3d exhibits significant tubulin binding. Synthesis of the open-chain analogues 7 and 7(H) and comparison of their biological activities with macrocyclic taxoids show that the carbon tether between C-2 OH and C-3' NH does not hamper tubulin binding. Computational studies of the conformational behavior of the macrocyclic taxoids 3 indicate that the 18-, 20-, and 21-membered-ring 3a-c adopt mainly conformations that are not recognized by tubulin. The most active taxoid 3d appears to adopt a conformation that is between the "nonpolar" and T-shaped forms.
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory curiosity to industrial biomedical platform (2015)

Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs-CMs) could revolutionise biomedicine. Global burden of heart failure will soon reach USD $90bn, while unexpected cardiotoxicity underlies 28% of drug withdrawals. Advances in hPSC isolation, Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering and hPSC-CM differentiation have improved patient care, progressed drugs to clinic and opened a new era in safety pharmacology. Nevertheless, predictive cardiotoxicity using hPSC-CMs contrasts from failure to almost total success. Since this likely relates to cell immaturity, efforts are underway to use biochemical and biophysical cues to improve many of the ~30 structural and functional properties of hPSC-CMs towards those seen in adult CMs. Other developments needed for widespread hPSC-CM utility include subtype specification, cost reduction of large scale differentiation and elimination of the phenotyping bottleneck. This review will consider these factors in the evolution of hPSC-CM technologies, as well as their integration into high content industrial platforms that assess structure, mitochondrial function, electrophysiology, calcium transients and contractility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.