gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous angle steering of an optically- controlled phased array antenna based on differential true time delay constituted by micro-optical components (2015)

We propose an optically controlled phased array antenna (PAA) based on differential true time delay constructed optical beamforming network (OBFN). Differential true time delay is realized by stack integrated micro-optical components. Optically-controlled angle steering of radio frequency (RF) beams are realized and demonstrated by this configuration. Experimental results demonstrate that OBFN based PAA can accomplish RF-independent broadband beam steering without beam squint effect and can achieve continuous angle steering. In addition, multi-beams for different steering angles are acquired synchronously.
Determination of transmural, endocardial, and epicardial radial strain and strain rate from phase contrast MR velocity data (2008)

This study presents a method for determining radial strain and SR values from PCMR velocity data. This technique illustrates a difference in strain and SR across the myocardium with peak endocardial values being greater than peak epicardial values.
First sphere coordination of divalent metal cations by cyclodextrin: Structure of the beta-cyclodextrin-calcium chloride-water (1/2/11.25) compound (1996)

International audience
Monaural signal to artificial stereo signals convertings and processing circuit for headphones (1983)

First Page
Effects of adjuvants on the immune response to allergens in a murine model of allergen inhalation: cholera toxin induces a Th1-like response to Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen (1998)

Based on the fact that type I allergies are frequently elicited by inhalant allergens, we have established a model of aerosol inhalation leading to allergic sensitization in BALB/c mice. Using this model we studied the effects of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), known to enhance IgE antibody responses, compared with cholera toxin (CT), a potent mucosal adjuvant, on the immune response to birch pollen (BP) and its major allergen Bet v 1. Two groups of BALB/c mice were either systemically immunized with recombinant Bet v 1 in Al(OH)3 and subsequently aerosol exposed to BP allergen, or aerosolized with BP and CT. IgE-mediated skin reactions were only elicited in the mice which had received Bet v 1/Al(OH)3. Allergen-specific serum IgE and IgG1 antibodies dominated in the Al(OH)3 group, IgG2a antibody levels to BP and rBet v 1 were markedly higher in the sera of mice exposed to CT with the allergen. IgA antibodies were only detected in the bronchial lavage of the CT-treated group. Moreover, the latter group displayed consistently higher T cell proliferative responses to BP and interferon-gamma production in vitro. Thus, the systemic immunization with rBet v 1 in Al(OH)3 before inhalation of the BP extract promoted a Th2-like immune response, while CT mixed with the aerosolized BP extract rather induced a Th1-like immune response. In an attempt to reverse these ongoing immune responses we could achieve a shift towards a Th0 response. Immunization with BP extract without adjuvant treatment led to undetectable antibody or cellular immune responses. We conclude from the present study that the induction of an immune response to BP allergen after aerosol inhalation can be directed towards a Th1- or a Th2-like response. Once established, the immune response can be modulated.
Distributed FPGA-based smart camera architecture for computer vision applications (2013)

Smart camera networks (SCN) raise challenging issues in many fields of research, including vision processing, communication protocols, distributed algorithms or power management. Furthermore, application logic in SCN is not centralized but spread among network nodes meaning that each node must have to process images to extract significant features, and aggregate data to understand the surrounding environment. In this context, smart camera have first embedded general purpose processor (GPP) for image processing. Since image resolution increases, GPPs have reached their limit to maintain real-time processing constraint. More recently, FPGA-based platforms have been studied for their massive parallelism capabilities. This paper present our new FPGA-based smart camera platform supporting cooperation between nodes and run-time updatable image processing. The architecture is based on a full reconfigurable pipeline driven by a softcore.
Cercosporin. A Pigment of Cercosporina Kikuchii Matsumoto et Tomoyasu. I. Cultivation of Fungus, Isolation and Purification of Pigment (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCercosporin. A Pigment of Cercosporina Kikuchii Matsumoto et Tomoyasu. I. Cultivation of Fungus, Isolation and Purification of PigmentShimpei Kuyama and Teiichi TamuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 21, 5725–5726Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01578a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01578a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2948Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and performance analysis of multi-radio small cell networks (2015)

Multi-tier, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using small cells (e.g., pico and femto cells) are an important part of operators’ strategy to add low-cost network capacity through aggressive reuse of the cellular spectrum. In the near term, a number of operators have also relied on un-licensed WiFi networks as a readily available means to offload traffic demand. However, the use of WiFi is expected to remain an integral part of operators’ long-term strategy to address future capacity needs, as licensed spectrum continues to be scarce and expensive. Efficient integration of cellular HetNets with alternate radio access technologies (RATs), such as WiFi, is therefore essential for next-generation networks.
Server-based approach to web visualization of integrated 3-D medical image data. (2001)

Although computer processing power and network bandwidth are rapidly increasing, the average desktop is still not able to rapidly process large datasets such as 3-D medical image volumes. We have therefore developed a server side approach to this problem, in which a high performance graphics server accepts commands from web clients to load, process and render 3-D image volumes and models. The renderings are saved as 2-D snapshots on the server, where they are uploaded and displayed on the client. User interactions with the graphic interface on the client side are translated into additional commands to manipulate the 3-D scene, after which the server re-renders the scene and sends a new image to the client. Example forms-based and Java-based clients are described for a brain mapping application, but the techniques should be applicable to multiple domains where 3-D medical image visualization is of interest.
Unified Dual Mode Description of Small Molecule Sorption and Desorption Kinetics in a Glassy Polymer (2009)

FTIR-ATR (Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance) spectroscopy and a conventional gravimetric sorption balance were used to study sorption and desorption kinetics of vapor phase acetonitrile in glassy cellulose acetate. A time delay was observed in the measured concentration at the polymer−crystal interface from the FTIR-ATR experiments that was longer than expected from applying the simple Fickian diffusion model used to fit the gravimetric data for this system. By using the dual mode sorption model with total immobilization of the hole population rather than a simple Fickian framework, the time behavior at the boundary was readily captured. This model in turn was used to fit the FTIR-ATR data for desorption kinetics. The desorption diffusion coefficients were found to be considerably higher than those obtained for sorption owing to the necessary redistribution between the dissolved and hole populations when the classic dual mode sorption model is applied to the desorption isotherm. To resolve this inconsistency and remove the discontinuity in concentration at the penetrant−polymer boundary between sorption and desorption, a unified dual mode model to describe both sorption and desorption is proposed. In this model, a fraction of the dissolved population creates holes during the sorption process at each activity. The new model was applied to the sorption and desorption kinetics data in this study, resulting in unifying dual mode parameters and comparable diffusion coefficients.
Factors associated with trends in bare ground in high country (2005)

Soil erosion in the Canterbury high country has been a concern for many years, and Environment Canterbury wishes to encourage land management practices that will preserve soil quality and vegetative cover. Environment Canterbury brought to MISG2005 a data set spanning three decades of bare ground monitoring in the Canterbury high country, along with data on factors with potential to impact on the processes of revegetation. These include topographic and climate data, soil nutrient status and land management factors. The study group analysed these data with the aim of determining whether trends in bare ground can be predicted from the potential causative factors. Analysis was difficult due to the high level of confounding between many of the variables, such as soil quality with land management. However a predictive model of change in percent bare ground was derived (explaining 63% of the variation in the data) in which the most important factors were fertiliser application, percent bare ground at the start of the monitoring period, annual average temperature and winter rainfall. Removal of low intensity grazing (to no grazing) had no discernable effect on percent bare ground.
The Reaction of Glutamic Acid with Acetic Anhydride and Pyridine<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Glutamic Acid with Acetic Anhydride and Pyridine1John A. King and Freeman H. McMillanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 11, 2859–2864Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01131a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01131a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic typing in a statically typed language (1991)

Statically typed programming languages allow earlier error checking, better enforcement of diciplined programming styles, and the generation of more efficient object code than languages where all type consistency checks are performed at run time. However, even in statically typed languages, there is often the need to deal with datawhose type cannot be determined at compile time. To handle such situations safely, we propose to add a type Dynamic whose values are pairs of a value v and a type tag T where v has the type denoted by T . Instances of Dynamic are built with an explicit tagging construct and inspected with a type safe typecase construct. This paper explores the syntax, operational semantics, and denotational semantics of a simple language that includes the type Dynamic . We give examples of how dynamically typed values can be used in programming. Then we discuss an operational semantics for our language and obtain a soundness theorem. We present two formulations of the denotational semantics of this language and relate them to the operational semantics. Finally, we consider the implications of polymorphism and some implementation issues.
Mechanical evaluation of resorbable copolymers for end use as vascular grafts. (1989)

Nonwoven, nonporous, completely resorbable vascular grafts of selected polymeric composition (3 mm ID) were prepared and evaluated for similarity of mechanical properties to arterial blood vessels. Copolymers of L-lactide, D,L-lactide, and epsilon-caprolactone were selected for diversity of mechanical properties and degradation rates. Two homogeneous grafts were tested: a 50% L-lactide and 50% epsilon-caprolactone copolymer (L-epsilon), and a 70/30 solution blend of L-epsilon copolymer and its corresponding D,L-lactide copolymer (D,L-epsilon). Composite grafts also were tested: 1) a two-layer graft, 2) an alternating layers graft, and 3) a D,L-epsilon graft reinforced with circumferentially wound poly-L-lactide fibers. The resorbable grafts windowed the physiologic range for circumferential Young's modulus and tensile strength, and were kink resistant. The arterial compliance was greater than that of all solid wall resorbable grafts. Incorporation of porosity into the grafts, which is necessary for tissue ingrowth, is expected to lessen this difference.
Comparison of Different Entity Forms (2014)

Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Data Book Table 2 reports that approximately 78 percent of all businesses operate as PTEs. Business owners recognize that there are many benefits of operating as a pass-through entity, including but not limited to lower overall income taxes. Applying current (2013) federal income tax law, this chapter examines and explains income tax, financial reporting, bank borrowing, and other considerations when choosing the form of business entity (i.e., C corporation, S corporation, partnership, or Limited Liability Company). The advantages and disadvantages of each business entity form are analyzed over the course of a business's life, commencing with the start-up phase, then the operating phase, and finally the wind-down/liquidation/sale phase. Chapter 4 also explains the tax consequences of changing the entity form of a business.
Magnitude estimation of softness (2008)

The human capacity to estimate the magnitude of softness of silicone rubber disks of differing compliance was studied under experimental conditions that altered the mode of contact. Subjects were able to scale softness regardless of whether they (1) actively indented each specimen by tapping or pressing it with the finger pad, (2) received passive indentation of the finger pad by each specimen via a force controlled tactile stimulator, thus eliminating kinesthetic cues, or (3) actively indented each specimen with a stylus that was manipulated either by tapping with one finger, or held by two fingers in a precision grip, thereby removing tactile cues provided by direct mechanical contact between the finger pad and specimen. Ratings of softness were independent of moderate variations in peak compressional force and force-rate. Additionally, functions for scaling softness were affected by the mode of contact; the slopes of the functions were greater in the tasks with a complete complement of compliance cues. When subjects were asked to classify objects as either hard or soft, specimens were classified as soft if the compliance were greater than that of the human finger. This suggests that the classification of softness depends on whether the object conforms to the body, and that tactile information about the spatial profile of object deformation is sufficient for the magnitude scaling of softness. But typically, kinesthetic information about the magnitude of object displacement, along with contact vibratory cues is also used while judging softness especially in the absence of direct skin contact with the object when using a tool.
The Effect of Ammonia Ions on the Absorption and Fluorescence of an Oxazine Dye (1983)

Abstract The addition of ammonium hydroxide to a weakly acidic oxazine perchlorate dye produces a color change by means of a deprotonation mechanism in which the hydroxyl radical abstracts a loosely bound proton, leaving the positively charged ammonium cation to counter balance the perchlorate anion. This reaction produces significant absorption and fluorescence band shifts which can be accounted for by a semi-classical oscillator model predicting two dichroic electronic band systems associated with this dye. Peculiar wavelength excitation dependent fluorescence band shifts are attributed to overlapping triplet states simultaneously excited.
Delay Fault Localization in Test-Per-Scan BIST Using Built-In Delay Sensor (2006)

Delay failures are becoming a dominant failure mechanism in nanometer technologies. Diagnosis of such failures is important to ensure yield and robustness of the design. However, the increasing circuit size limits the granularity of diagnosis, resulting in large suspect fault list. In this paper, we present a methodology for improving delay fault localization in test-per-scan BIST using on-die delay sensing at selective test points. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique can improve the resolution of fault localization for both transition and segment delay fault models. Experimental results for a set of ISCAS89 benchmarks show up to 49% (82%) average improvement in fault localization for transition (segment) delay fault models. The area overhead due to delay sensing hardware have been limited to 4%
Thermodynamics : An Engineering Approach, 7th Edition (2010)

Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 3rd edition by Cengel and Boles; Heat Transfer: A. Practical Approach by Cengel; Thermodynamics. 6th edition by Thermodynamics: An Engineering 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2007. Yunus A. Cengel and Michael A. Boles Thermodynamics: An Engineering . Thermodynamics: An Engineering 7th Edition Explain the basic concepts of thermodynamics such . solution of engineering problems and it. OBJECTIVES: 1. To develop a conceptual understanding of the fundamental elements of An Engineering Approach, 7th Edition. . Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Edition, Copyright 2008; Michael J..
Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control the Size of the Peripheral Activated/Memory CD4 T Cell Compartment (2000)

The mechanisms leading to stable T cell numbers in the periphery of a healthy animal are, to date, not well understood. We followed the expansion of CD45RBhigh (naive) and CD45RBlow (activated/memory) CD4 T cells transferred from normal mice into syngeneic Rag-20/0 recipients and the dynamics of peripheral reconstitution when both populations were coinjected. Naive cells acquired an activated phenotype and showed a high proliferative capacity that was dependent on the environment in which the recipients were kept (specific pathogen-free vs conventional housing conditions), the age of the recipients, and the presence of CD45RBlow T cells in the injected cohort. CD45RBlow CD4 T cells protected the host from CD45RBhigh CD4 T cell-induced inflammatory bowel disease and showed a limited degree of expansion. CD45RBlow CD4 T cells isolated from GF mice also showed the ability to prevent inflammatory bowel disease, indicating that at least part of the natural regulatory T cells are self-reactive. The results indicate that 1) peripheral T cell expansion in lymphocyte-deficient recipients represent classical immune responses, which are mainly promoted by exogenous Ags and 2) natural regulatory T cells control the size of the activated/memory peripheral CD4 T cell compartment.
Mechanisms and Functions of Serotonin Neuronal Systems (1996)

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) was discovered to be present in brain in 1953 and soon thereafter was correctly postulated to serve as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The original mapping of serotonin neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) in the 1960s provided some insight into their possible physiological roles. 1 The development of drugs that modify serotonin function in specific ways has helped in understanding the numerous functions of serotonin neurons and their operation.
Lithographic spiral antennas at short wavelengths (1991)

We have extended the high efficiency of lithographic antennas to mid-infrared wavelengths. Pattern measurements made at 9.5 μm wavelength on a 65°, self-complementary, spiral antenna exhibit a ratio of response to orthogonal linear polarizations of 1.35 dB, a beamwidth of 85° (3 dB full width), a directivity of 8.2 dB, and surprisingly, a close resemblance to the theoretical pattern for a 65° spiral in free space. Direct detection measurements made with an ambient temperature blackbody source yield an antenna efficiency of 52±7%, when corrected for incomplete filling of the antenna beam by the source, at a mean effective wavelength of 19 μm.
Reduction of RTS Noise in Small-Area MOSFETs Under Switched Bias Conditions and Forward Substrate Bias (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Low-frequency noise in small-area MOSFETs is dominated by random telegraph signal noise associated to the capture and emission of charge carriers by a single trap located in the gate dielectric. RTS noise degrades the performance of analog, digital, and memory circuits. In this paper, we present measurements and simulations of RTS noise in small-area MOSFETs under constant bias and switched gate bias conditions in order to investigate the impact of substrate bias on RTS noise. Our results show that a strong reduction of RTS noise under switching bias conditions is obtained when a forward substrate bias is applied during the device <emphasis emphasistype="smcaps"> off</emphasis>-state. Measurement of RTS mean emission and capture times proves that such a reduction of RTS noise is caused by a significant decrease in emission time constant occurring when a low gate voltage and a positive substrate voltage are simultaneously applied in the frame of a switching bias scheme. </para>
Effects of nitrogen incorporation on the interfacial layer between thermally grown dielectric films and SiC (2009)

C-containing interlayers formed between the SiC substrate and dielectric films thermally grown in O2, NO, and in O2 followed by annealing in NO were investigated. X-ray reflectometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine N and C incorporation in dielectric films and interlayers, as well to determine their mass densities and thicknesses. The thickest C-containing interlayer was observed for films thermally grown in O2, whereas the thinnest one was observed for films directly grown in NO, evidencing that the presence of N decreases the amount of carbonaceous compounds in the dielectric/SiC interface region.