gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Posttranslational Quality Control: Folding, Refolding, and Degrading Proteins (1999)

Polypeptides emerging from the ribosome must fold into stable three-dimensional structures and maintain that structure throughout their functional lifetimes. Maintaining quality control over protein structure and function depends on molecular chaperones and proteases, both of which can recognize hydrophobic regions exposed on unfolded polypeptides. Molecular chaperones promote proper protein folding and prevent aggregation, and energy-dependent proteases eliminate irreversibly damaged proteins. The kinetics of partitioning between chaperones and proteases determines whether a protein will be destroyed before it folds properly. When both quality control options fail, damaged proteins accumulate as aggregates, a process associated with amyloid diseases.
Sub-nanosecond avalanche transistor drivers for low impedance pulsed power applications (2002)

Summary form only given. Ultra compact, short pulse, high voltage and current pulsers are needed for a variety of non-linear electrical and optical applications. With a fast rise time and short pulse width, these drivers are capable of producing sub-nanosecond electrical and optical pulses by gain switching semiconductor laser diodes. Gain-switching of laser diodes requires a sub-nanosecond pulser with low output impedance (5 W or less) to generate a fast (<100 ps) optical pulse. The designed pulsers also could be used for triggering photo-conductive semiconductor switches, gating high speed optical imaging systems, and providing electrical and optical sources for fast transient sensor applications. Building on concepts from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the development of pulsers based on solid state avalanche transistors was adapted to low impedances. As each successive stage is avalanched in the circuit, the amount of overvoltage increases, increasing the switching speed and improving the turn on time of the output pulse at the last stage. The output of the pulser is coupled into the load using a parallel plate charge line. The impedance and associated discharge time of this transmission line is tailored to the impedance and pulse duration requirements of the load. With the adapted circuit modifications, we have designed and evaluated a driver pulser capable of delivering 200 V DC into a 5 W load with a 250 ps risetime and a 500 ps pulsewidth. Results from transmission line, resistive, and semiconductor laser diode test loads will be presented.
Telomerization of Carbon Dioxide and 1,3-Butadiene: Process Development in a Miniplant (2000)

The homogeneously catalyzed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene and carbon dioxide to produce lactones has been known since the middle of the 1970s. In the 1980s there was intensive research on this reaction. Due to lack of catalyst recycling, which is indispensable for economic and ecologic reasons in this palladium catalyzed reaction, this reaction is still not realized today. The authors present a continuous miliplant used to prepare δ-lactones.
The Genetic Effects of Non-Sterilising Doses of Penetrating Radiation (1948)

Non-Sterilising doses of radiation which cause no demonstrable deleterious effect on the health of the individual may, nevertheless, cause serious changes in the chromosomes of the spermatozoa or ova, resulting in manifest disability of various types in subsequent generations. The writer first became interested in this subject because of requests that he should give non-sterilising doses of radiation to non-fertile women, and to women with dysmenorrhœa. The extent to which one should be prepared to mortgage the future of the race for the benefit of any one patient may be a matter of opinion, but it is desirable that before doing so one should have a true appreciation so difficult that, for the purposes of a Ministry of Labour Panel on Occupational Effects of Radiation, he wrote to various authorities for their views on the subject and subsequently arranged a meeting at which the matter was thoroughly discussed. Those present at the meeting were: Dr. D. G. Catcheside, University of Cambridge; Professor F. A. E. Crew, Usher Institute, Edinburgh; Dr. Frank Ellis, London Hospital; Dr. P. C. Koller, The Chester Beatty Research Institute: the late Dr. D. E. Lea, Prophit Student, Royal College of Surgeons; Dr. K. Mather, the John Innes Horticultural Institution; Dr. E. R. A. Merewether, Ministry of Labour and National Service; Professor Penrose, University College, London, and Dr. J. Read, Mount Vernon Hospital.
Receptor-mediated transport of the hybrid protein ricin-diphtheria toxin fragment A with subsequent ADP-ribosylation of intracellular elongation factor II. (1979)

A hybrid protein of ricin and the enzymatically active fragment A of diphtheria toxin (toxin A) has been synthesized and purified. The diphtheria toxin A fragment of the hybrid protein is shown to enter the cytosol compartment of HeLa cells, its presence assayed by the fall of intracellular elongation factor II (EF-2) and the rise of ADP-ribosylated EF-2. Hybrid entrance to HeLa cells is blocked by lactose which blocks receptor-mediated entry of ricin but not by NH4Cl which blocks the transport of diphtheria toxin. It is concluded that the diphtheria toxin fragment A moiety of the hybrid enters the cell cytosol via the ricin receptor-mediated transport system. The kinetics of intracellular ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 by diphtheria toxin have also been studied. Ribosylation is preceded by a toxin dose-dependent lag period. The data suggest that the time constant responsible for the lag period is in the transport step. Models consistent with these data are discussed.
Synthesis of some new thioquinazolinone derivatives of biological activity (2005)

M. M. A. M. Campus. Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar. Nepal<br> <em>E-mail</em>: bimalbpsharma@rediffmail.com <em> Fax</em>: 977-21-26791<br> Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India<br> <em>Manuscript received 13 February 2003, revised 13 August 2004, accepted 22 March 2005</em> Twenty thioquinazolinone derivatives were prepared by the reaction of ammonium aryldithiocarbamate and appropriately substituted anthranilic acids of which seventeen are new. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been evaluated.
Scalable work stealing (2009)

Irregular and dynamic parallel applications pose significant challenges to achieving scalable performance on large-scale multicore clusters. These applications often require ongoing, dynamic load balancing in order to maintain efficiency. Scalable dynamic load balancing on large clusters is a challenging problem which can be addressed with distributed dynamic load balancing systems. Work stealing is a popular approach to distributed dynamic load balancing; however its performance on large-scale clusters is not well understood. Prior work on work stealing has largely focused on shared memory machines. In this work we investigate the design and scalability of work stealing on modern distributed memory systems. We demonstrate high efficiency and low overhead when scaling to 8,192 processors for three benchmark codes: a producer-consumer benchmark, the unbalanced tree search benchmark, and a multiresolution analysis kernel.
MERGING METALS INTO PROTEOMICS (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMERGING METALS INTO PROTEOMICSTackling the systemic study of METALLOPROTEINSJYLLIAN KEMSLEYView Author Information C&EN WEST COAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 50, 28–30Publication Date (Print):December 12, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 12 December 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v089n050.p028https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n050.p028newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Metals Get e-Alerts
Risk Factors for Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections in Surgical and Intensive Care Units (1994)

Skin and hub colonization are the two major determinants for endemic CRIs; colonization of the hub, however, is more frequently associated with more severe infections. In order to reduce CRIs, more efforts should be focused on understanding which factors increase the risk of colonization both of the skin and of the hub.
Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer between Geobacter metallireducens and Methanosarcina barkeri (2014)

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is potentially an effective form of syntrophy in methanogenic communities, but little is known about the diversity of methanogens capable of DIET. The ability of Methanosarcina barkeri to participate in DIET was evaluated in coculture with Geobacter metallireducens. Cocultures formed aggregates that shared electrons via DIET during the stoichiometric conversion of ethanol to methane. Cocultures could not be initiated with a pilin-deficient G. metallireducens strain, suggesting that long-range electron transfer along pili was important for DIET. Amendments of granular activated carbon permitted the pilin-deficient G. metallireducens isolates to share electrons with M. barkeri, demonstrating that this conductive material could substitute for pili in promoting DIET. When M. barkeri was grown in coculture with the H2-producing Pelobacter carbinolicus, incapable of DIET, M. barkeri utilized H2 as an electron donor but metabolized little of the acetate that P.carbinolicus produced. This suggested that H2, but not electrons derived from DIET, inhibited acetate metabolism. P. carbinolicus-M. barkeri cocultures did not aggregate, demonstrating that, unlike DIET, close physical contact was not necessary for interspecies H2 transfer. M. barkeri is the second methanogen found to accept electrons via DIET and the first methanogen known to be capable of using either H2 or electrons derived from DIET for CO2 reduction. Furthermore, M. barkeri is genetically tractable,making it a model organism for elucidating mechanisms by which methanogens make biological electrical connections with other cells.
Natural and artificial lung surfactant replacement therapy in premature lambs (1983)

The effect of tracheal instillation of surface-active mixtures in premature lambs was studied as an animal model of exogenous surfactant replacement therapy for the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Specific mixtures studied were 7:3 (molar ratio) dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC):egg phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and extracted mixed lipids (with 1% protein) from cow lung lavage (CLL). Preventilatory tracheal instillation of greater than 15 mg/kg of CLL in 10 ml 0.15 M NaCl to premature lambs gave improved alveolar-arterial O2 gradient and blood gases and increased lung compliance, compared with control lambs over a 15-h period. Lambs receiving 7:3 DPPC:PG dispersions were not improved over controls with regard to pressure-volume characteristics and were worse than controls in arterial oxygenation. In terms of in vitro surface properties, both extracted natural CLL and 7:3 DPPC:egg PG were able to lower aqueous surface tension to 1 dyn/cm under dynamic compression. However, the dynamic respreading of CLL films on successive surface cycles was superior to that of 7:3 DPPC:PG. Moreover, after dispersal in 0.15 M NaCl by vortexing (5 mg/80 ml), CLL adsorbed to surface pressure (tau values of 45 dyn/cm within 10 min. 7:3 DPPC:PG adsorbed to significantly lower tau values after subphase dispersal by a variety of methods.
Using <i>Moringa</i> Seeds as Coagulants in Developing Countries (1988)

A few traditional plant flocculants such as those found in Moringa seeds have been observed to act as primary coagulants and have been recommended for domestic water treatment in rural areas of Africa and Asia, where people cannot afford conventional coagulants. Once a plant has been shown to possess outstanding clarifying properties, applied taxonomy and selective breeding can help in the identification of sources of even more potent flocculants and in the production of the best “flocculant crop” for a particular situation. The process of identifying potential natural flocculants and of managing crops, as well as methods of optimizing simplified water coagulation with plant materials, are described.
<i>In Vitro</i> Antimicrobial Activity of Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose Against Antibiotic-Resistant Microorganisms (2003)

Since low pH affects a relatively broad-spectrum of bacteria and does not act in a mechanism-specific manner, as do antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are unlikely to resist the ORC pH effect. Results of this in vitro assessment support the hypothesis that the antimicrobial activity of ORC is effective against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Magnetic Transformation in MnBi (1955)

Manganese bismuth loses its spontaneous magnetization very sharply at 633\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At the same temperature drastic changes occur in the lattice constants. Previous workers have interpreted both these phenomena as arising from a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition. The present work indicates that the phase existing above 633\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is actually a ferromagnetic one with a Curie temperature of about 470\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Artificial Defocus for Displaying Markers in Microscopy Z-Stacks (2011)

As microscopes have a very shallow depth of field, Z-stacks (i.e. sets of images shot at different focal planes) are often acquired to fully capture a thick sample. Such stacks are viewed by users by navigating them through the mouse wheel. We propose a new technique of visualizing 3D point, line or area markers in such focus stacks, by displaying them with a depth-dependent defocus, simulating the microscope's optics; this leverages on the microscopists' ability to continuously twiddle focus, while implicitly performing a shape-from-focus reconstruction of the 3D structure of the sample. User studies confirm that the approach is effective, and can complement more traditional techniques such as color-based cues. We provide two implementations, one of which computes defocus in real time on the GPU, and examples of their application.
Energy Harvesting from Air Conditioning Condensers with the Use of Piezoelectric Devices (2015)

Several on-campus air conditioning units were used to determine potential sources of waste energy found in an air conditioning condenser unit, and energy harvesting methods are devised. These methods of energy harvesting are called vibration and airflow-driven energy harvesting using piezoelectric devices. The objective is to generate power from the exhaust airflow (analogous to jet engine afterburners, but on a much smaller scale). For the piezoelectric device, the idea is to make the device vibrate to generate power. Students and faculty in an engineering technology program studied air conditioning units to determine potential sources of waste energy. Measurements were made to determine operational time based on seasons, vibration levels, and exhaust fan flow from a condenser. Measurements were taken and compared to calculated potential power to be harvested from the condenser. This undergraduate research project is one of several campus-wide efforts to promote energy conservation and to investigate the use of clean renewable energy resources.
Wnt signaling and colon carcinogenesis: Beyond APC (2011)

Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway via mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is a critical event in the development of colon cancer. For colon carcinogenesis, however, constitutive signaling through the canonical Wnt pathway is not a singular event. Here we review how canonical Wnt signaling is modulated by intracellular LEF/TCF composition and location, the action of different Wnt ligands, and the secretion of Wnt inhibitory molecules. We also review the contributions of non-canonical Wnt signaling and other distinct pathways in the tumor micro environment that cross-talk to the canonical Wnt pathway and thereby influence colon cancer progression. These 'non-APC' aspects of Wnt signaling are considered in relation to the development of potential agents for the treatment of patients with colon cancer. Regulatory pathways that influence Wnt signaling highlight how it might be possible to design therapies that target a network of signals beyond that of APC and β-catenin.
Castor‐oil‐modified epoxy resins as model systems of rubber‐modified thermosets. 1: Thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation (1993)

Abstract Castor oil (CO) was used to replace polydisperse commercial rubbers (carboxy‐ or epoxy‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile random copolymers, CTBN or ETBN) in model systems developed to analyse the origin of the phase separation process in rubber‐modified thermosets. Mixtures of CO with an epoxy resin based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) showed a higher miscibility than a typical CTBN (18% acrylonitrile)‐DGEBA system. Thermodynamic factors accounting for this behaviour are discussed using the Flory‐Huggins lattice model. Addition of a stoichiometric amount of ethylenediamine (EDA) to a DGEBA‐CO solution increased the miscibility. A pseudo‐binary approach was used to fit the cloud point curve up to 30% volume fraction of CO. Percentage conversions at the cloud point during the DGEBA‐EDA polymerization were experimentally determined and compared with theoretical predictions using the pseudo‐binary approach in the framework of the Flory‐Huggins lattice model. Reasonable agreement was found, giving direct evidence of the fact that phase separation results from the decrease in the entropic contribution to the free energy of mixing during polymerization.
Bioconversion of Hemicellulose from Sugarcane Biomass Into Sustainable Products (2013)

During the processing of sugarcane, the sugarcane straw (SS) is remained on field and do not presents suitable use. After the juice extraction from sugarcane stem, the fraction that is left over is called sugarcane bagasse (SB) [3]. Both residues (SB and SS) represent a sizeable fraction of agro-residues collected annually. The annual world production of sugarcane is ∼1.6 billion tons, which yields approximately 279 million metric tons (MMT) of SB and SS [1, 4].
Airway epithelial damage and release of inflammatory mediators in human lung parenchyma after sulfur mustard exposure (1999)

This study was performed to evaluate the morphological effects of sulfur mustard on human lung parenchyma in vitro and to measure the metabolites of arachidonic acid which are released during acute exposure to the alkylating agent. Histological analysis of the tissue following exposure to sulfur mustard for a period of 45 min at 10 mM revealed the presence of paranuclear vacuoles in the epithelium, specifically, in the ciliated cells. The release of metabolites of arachidonic acid were determined in the bath fluids by an enzymo-immunoassay. The basal release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2: 1.36 +/- 0.33 ng/g tissue) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha: 8.83 +/- 1.17 ng/g tissue) were not modified during tissue exposure to sulfur mustard (45 min, 0.1 mM). In addition, the basal release of cysteinyl-leukotriene E4 (LTE4: 1.55 +/- 0.44 ng/g tissue) was also not altered by challenge of the tissues with sulfur mustard. In contrast, when the human lung parenchyma was stimulated with anti human IgE (anti-IgE) only the basal release of the metabolite of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway was significantly increased (LTE4: 6.84 +/- 1.57 ng/g tissue). These data suggest that sulfur mustard may produce morphological alterations in epithelial cells and at the time point studied (45 min exposure), this effect is not associated with a release of arachidonic acid metabolites. However, the increased release of LTE4 by anti-IgE suggests that the target cells for sulfur mustard and anti-IgE in the human lung may be different.
Tyrosine-Derived Quinone Cofactors (2004)

Copper amine oxidases (CAOs) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) both contain Cu(2+) and quinone cofactors that are derived from a tyrosine residue in the active site. In CAOs, the cofactor is 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ), and in LOX it is lysine tyrosyl quinone (LTQ). The mechanism of oxidative deamination by CAOs is well understood, but there is a controversy surrounding the role of Cu(2+) in cofactor reoxidation. The chemistry of LTQ in LOX, by contrast, has not been as extensively studied. This Account discusses the strategies that CAOs have evolved to control the mobility of TPQ to optimize activity. In addition, some recent studies on CAOs whose active-site Cu(2+) has been replaced with Co(2+) or Ni(2+) are summarized. Finally, there is a discussion on the properties of a model compound of LTQ and their relevance to the chemistry of LOX.
Human caspase-4 and caspase-5 regulate the one-step non-canonical inflammasome activation in monocytes (2015)

Monocytes promote the early host response to infection releasing key pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. The biologically inactive IL-1β precursor is processed to active form by inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes activating caspase-1. Human monocytes exhibit an unconventional one-step pathway of inflammasome activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone. Although this lineage-restricted mechanism is likely to contribute to the pathology of endotoxin shock, signalling pathways regulating this mechanism are currently unknown. Here we report that caspase-4 and caspase-5 mediate IL-1α and IL-1β release from human monocytes after LPS stimulation. Although caspase-4 remains uncleaved, caspase-5 undergoes rapid processing upon LPS treatment. We also identify an additional caspase-5 cleavage product in LPS-stimulated monocytes, which correlates with IL-1 secretion. This one-step pathway requires Syk activity and Ca(2+) flux instigated by CD14/TLR4-mediated LPS internalization. Identification of caspase-4/5 as the key determinants of one-step inflammasome activation in human monocytes provides potential targets for therapeutic intervention in endotoxin shock.