gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture and VLSI Implementation of the MPEG-2:MP@ML Video Decoding Process (1995)

This paper describes a recently developed silicon component that efficiently implements real-time decompression of an MPEG-2 encoded video data stream. The chip has been developed by IBM Corp. and is fully compliant with the MPEG-2 Draft Standard at MP@ML (Main Profile at Main Level). An overview of the MPEG-2 algorithm is presented, and the main characteristics of the video decoder chip are outlined. The descriptions and examples of particular internal coprocessors are given in terms of function and specific application environments.
Pharmacokinetic interations between NSAIDs (indomethacin or sulindac) and H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine or ranitidine) in human volunteers (1988)

The reciprocal effects on pharmacokinetic parameters after a single oral dose of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin and sulindac and repeated oral doses of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine were determined in two groups of nine healthy subjects each (indomethacin and sulindac groups). Administration of NSAIDs increased the AUC and decreased the oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution of the H2-receptor antagonists without modifying their t1/2. Urinary data and observed modifications in ranitidine and cimetidine metabolites seem to justify a greater increase of H2-receptor antagonist bioavailability with indomethacin (p less than 0.05) than with sulindac (NS). The administration of ranitidine significantly reduced the sulindac volume of distribution without modifying its clearance, which caused an increase in the maximum concentration and a decrease in the t1/2 (p less than 0.05). The effects of cimetidine on the two NSAIDs were more intense than the effect of ranitidine: the decrease in sulindac volume of distribution (p less than 0.02) was accompanied by a significant reduction in sulindac clearance (p less than 0.05). AUC and urinary amounts of sulindac's sulfone metabolite were decreased. These results show that NSAIDs increased the bioavailability of H2-receptor antagonists, and that the latter drugs decrease the volume of distribution of NSAIDs. Furthermore, cimetidine modifies the oxidation metabolism of sulindac.
Selective acylation of lyso platelet activating factor by arachidonate in human neutrophils. (1983)

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) incubated with 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-[3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-GPC; platelet activating factor) inactivated the compound by removing the acetyl group and replacing it with a long chain acyl residue. The nature of the acyl group added at the 2-position of the 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-GPC formed was examined by argentation chromatography and by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. A striking selectivity for arachidonate was observed in the acylation reaction. The major labeled component of the starting material was the 1-O-hexadecyl-linked species; high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that 75 to 80% of this component was acylated by arachidonate. Similarly, based on argentation thin layer chromatography, approximately 80% of the total starting material was acylated by tetraenoic acyl residues. The incorporation of 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-lyso-GPC into 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC by the PMN was compared; no difference in the acylation pattern was observed with the 2-acetyl and 2-lyso precursors. Thus, activation of the PMN does not appear to be required to elicit the selectivity for arachidonate. When labeled 1-palmitoyl-2-lyso-GPC was compared in the system under the same conditions, it was also preferentially acylated by arachidonate; thus, it is not clear at this time whether or not the selectivity for arachidonate is physiologically limited to platelet activating factor. Our findings suggest a close relationship exists between the metabolism of platelet activating factor and arachidonate in human PMN.
Electrical Switching in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We present first-principles calculations of quantum transport which show that the resistance of metallic carbon nanotubes can be changed dramatically with homogeneous transverse electric fields if the nanotubes have impurities or defects. The change of the resistance is predicted to range over more than 2 orders of magnitude with experimentally attainable electric fields. This novel property has its origin that backscattering of conduction electrons by impurities or defects in the nanotubes is strongly dependent on the strength and/or direction of the applied electric fields. We expect this property to open a path to new device applications of metallic carbon nanotubes.
Genetic analysis in cystic fibrosis using the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS): the J3.11 MspI polymorphism. (1991)

A new method of genetic analysis has been devised. The method, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), has been used to genotype the J3.11 MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) closely linked to cystic fibrosis (CF). The DNA sequence for both alleles of this dimorphism has been used to design ARMS primers. These allow genotyping of DNA isolated from blood, Guthrie cards, and buccal cells.
Nanotechnological Aspects in Materials for Hydrogen Storage (2005)

Abstract A nanotechnological app#roach aims at making tailor‐made developments for storage materials by combining different scientific disciplines and focussing on processes on the microscale. The approach has already been successful in achieving major advances in the field of novel solid materials for hydrogen storage. However, further breakthroughs are necessary to reach the goal of storage systems for fuel cell‐driven, mobile applications.
Microscale Phononic Band-Gap Crystals and Devices. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
High-level power modeling of CPLDs and FPGAs (2002)

We present a high-level power modeling technique to estimate the power consumption of reconfigurable devices such as complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). For simplicity of reference, we simply refer to these devices as FPGAs. First, we capture the relationship between FPGA power dissipation and I/O signal statistics. We then use an adaptive regression method to model the FPGA power consumption. Such a high-level model can be used in the inner loop of a system-level synthesis tool to estimate the power consumed by different FPGA resources for different potential system-level synthesis solutions. It can also be used to verify the power budgets during embedded system design. With our high-level power model, the FPGA power consumption can be obtained very quickly. Experimental results indicate that the average relative error is only 3.1 % compared to low-level FPGA power simulation methods.
A System Level Simulation Platform for the Study of QoS Provisioning in UMTS/WLAN Interworking (2009)

IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) provides data-intensive access to complement the existing Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). However, few literatures focus on the simulation platform integrating UMTS and WLAN. This paper uses OPNET¿ to implement a system level simulation platform to allow researchers to study the quality of service (QoS) provisioning issues in UMTS/WLAN interworking. The platform handles different classes of service defined for UMTS, also allows for the study of user mobility, as well as radio resource management (RRM) schemes such as handoffs and call admission control (CAC). This paper mainly presents the architecture of the simulation platform and the realization of UW_AP and UWE node models, and then proposes a CAC scheme based on velocity and service type. The performance of the proposed scheme is proven better than WLAN-First scheme through simulation in the platform.
CT-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy Using a Puncture Site-Down Positioning Technique (2006)

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy using the puncture site-down positioning technique is an effective and safe procedure with a high diagnostic accuracy and low complication rate. This new technique is especially useful in reducing the rate of pneumothorax.
The comparative pharmacology of new antidepressants. (1993)

This review attempts to critically assess the evidence regarding the relationship between the specificity of antidepressants in modulating different neurotransmitter systems and their therapeutic activity. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that all antidepressants and electroconvulsive shock therapy produce qualitatively similar adaptive changes in serotonergic, adrenergic, and possibly GABAergic and dopaminergic transmission following chronic treatment. Such adaptational changes parallel the onset of the therapeutic response. The relationship between the pharmacokinetics and the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is considered with particular attention to fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine. The primary difference between these drugs lies in their half-lives; fluoxetine and its major active metabolite norfluoxetine have a combined half-life exceeding 7 days. All the SSRIs are well tolerated with a low incidence of life-threatening side effects. Nausea and, rarely, vomiting occur quite frequently as a consequence of increased serotonergic activity in the gastrointestinal tract and possibly via central 5-HT3 receptors. The safety and prolonged efficacy of the SSRIs render them particularly beneficial for the long-term treatment of the depressed patient. Evidence is provided that, in order to prevent relapse, depressed patients should be maintained on continuous antidepressant therapy for at least 1 year, and at the same dose as that required to treat the acute phase of the illness. The review concludes with a brief summary of the therapeutic use of the SSRIs in the treatment of panic attack, obsessive compulsive disorder, and bulimia with a brief comment on the different subtypes of serotonin receptors that may be involved.
Characterization of two steroidal ketones and two isoprenoid alcohols in dairy products (1975)

Two steroidal ketones, delta-4-cholesten-3-one and delta-3,-5-cholestadiene-7-one, were isolated and identified for the first time in anhydrous milk fat and in nonfat dry milk. Together with these, two isoprenoid alcohols, phytol and dihydrophytol, were identified in anhydrous milk fat. Their identities were established on the basis of chromatographic and mass spectral data and confirmed by comparison with authentic materials.
Sulfur-containing molybdenum compounds as high-performance lubricant additives (Review) (2017)

Published data on the use of sulfur-containing molybdenum compounds as additives for lubricants used in modern technology are reviewed. Various types of sulfur-containing molybdenum compounds as friction modifiers have been considered, and aspects of their activity and mechanism of action have been discussed. The role of these additives as inhibitors of oxidation of hydrocarbon materials has been shown. The environmental problems of using heavy metal compounds in lubricant additive formulations are discussed. The results of recent studies on the use of nanosized molybdenum sulfide particles as friction modifiers are presented.
Oxygen Sensor Using Perovskite-Type Oxides (1986)

The perovskite-type oxides (ABO3) were studied from the viewpoints of application for oxygen sensors. Among the perovskite-type oxides examined, SrTiO3 showed a high sensitivity to oxygen in the temperature range from 550 to 800 °C in the "lean-burn" region (102 Pa < PO2 <104 Pa). The conductivity of SrTiO3 was found to be proportional to Po2¼ at Po2 > 102 Pa and showed a p-type semiconductive nature. As for SrSnO3, no significant changes in the conductivity were observed in the "lean-burn" region, since the change of the conduction mechanism from p-type to n-type occurred in this region. The resistivity characteristics of the specimens were also investigated in the exhaust gas of propane-oxygen combustion. SrSnO3 was promising for a combustion monitoring sensor, judging from the magnitude of the decrease in the resistivity at λ = 1 with decreasing λ and good reproducibility of resistivity characteristics (λ ; oxygen excess ratio). On the other hand, the magnitude of the decrease in the resistivity of SrTiO3 at λ = 1 was smaller than that of SrSnO3, because the conduction mechanism of SrTiO3 changed from p-type to n-type at PO2 = 10-2 Pa. The effects of B site partial substitution of SrTiO3 on the oxygen partial pressure dependence of the conductivity were also investigated.
BMP signaling in telencephalic neural cell specification and maturation (2013)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) make up a family of morphogens that are critical for patterning, development, and function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Their effects on neural cells are pleiotropic and highly dynamic depending on the stage of development and the local niche. Neural cells display a broad expression profile of BMP ligands, receptors, and transducer molecules. Moreover, interactions of BMP signaling with other incoming morphogens and signaling pathways are crucial for most of these processes. The key role of BMP signaling suggests that it includes many regulatory mechanisms that restrict BMP activity both temporally and spatially. BMPs affect neural cell fate specification in a dynamic fashion. Initially they inhibit proliferation of neural precursors and promote the first steps in neuronal differentiation. Later on, BMP signaling effects switch from neuronal induction to promotion of astroglial identity and inhibition of neuronal or oligodendroglial lineage commitment. Furthermore, in postmitotic cells, BMPs regulate cell survival and death, to modulate neuronal subtype specification, promote dendritic and axonal growth and induce synapse formation and stabilization. In this review, we examine the canonical and non-canonical mechanisms of BMP signal transduction. Moreover, we focus on the specific role of BMPs in the nervous system including their ability to regulate neural stem cell proliferation, self-renewal, lineage specification, and neuronal function.
Visual search editor for composing meta searches (2004)

Abstract MetaCrystal is visual tool for creating and editing meta search queries. Users can visually combine the top results retrieved by different search engines to create crystals of increasing complexity. MetaCrystal consists of several overview tools to help users gain insight into how to filter the results from the different engines. It shows users the degree of overlap between the top results returned by different search engines. Users can apply different weights to the search engines to create their own ranking functions and can perform advanced filtering operations visually. Users can modify the URL directory depth or change the number of top documents used to increase or decrease the degree of overlap between the different engines. MetaCrystal addresses the problem of the effective fusion of different search engine results by enabling user to visually compose and refine meta searches.
High Power Indium Phosphide Photonic Integrated Circuit Platform (2019)

High-power photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are of interest for a variety of applications including microwave photonics, free space optical communications and coherent LiDAR systems [1], [2]. Indium phosphide (InP) is the most advanced platform for high-performance PICs. InP PICs are particularly attractive for free space optical communications, which requires low cost, size, weight and power (CSWaP) [3]-[5]. In conventional InP PICs, saturation power of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is limited by small modal size and high confinement factor ( ). To improve the SOA saturation power, one approach is to increase the modal size with a flared waveguide, but the large beam dimension in the horizontal direction imposes challenges on the coupling to singlemode fiber [6]. A second approach is to reduce the confinement factor. Slab-coupled optical waveguides (SCOW) with small confinement factor have been investigated for high-power SOAs and lasers. However, it is very challenging to monolithically integrate the SCOW SOAs with other optical elements required for a PIC such as a seed laser and modulator [7]. In this work, we have proposed a novel platform enabling the monolithic integration of low-confinement SOAs with other high-confinement components including a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser and high-speed electro-absorption modulator (EAM).
Improving the learning rate of back-propagation with the gradient reuse algorithm (1988)

A simple method for improving the learning rate of the backpropagation algorithm is described and analyzed. The method is referred to as the gradient reuse algorithm (GRA). The basic idea is that ingredients which are computed using backpropagation are reused several times until the resulting weight updates no longer lead to a reduction in error. It is shown that convergence speedup is a function of the reuse rate, and that the reuse rate can be controlled by using a dynamic convergence parameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interferometric Fourier transform Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (2006)

We present an interferometric time-domain Fourier transform implementation of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). Based on a single femtosecond laser source, the method provides a straight-forward scheme for obtaining high resolution CARS spectra. We give a theoretical description of the method, and demonstrate good agreement between simulation and experimental CARS spectra. We also discuss the method's relation to other CARS approaches for microscopy and microspectroscopy applications.
BIOFILM ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (2004)

This chapter describes the phenomenon of biofilm-reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, discusses factors that influence biofilm tolerance, and outlines possible protective mechanisms. Microorganisms that band together in biofilms are protected from killing by biocides, disinfectants, and antibiotics. The phenomenon of biofilm resistance to drugs and antimicrobials is easily reproduced in the laboratory. The antimicrobial agents range from brute-force oxidants, such as chlorine, to antibiotics with exquisitely specific cellular targets. The microorganisms range from bacteria to yeast and from obligate aerobes to sulfate reducing bacteria and other finicky anaerobes. When microorganisms are dispersed from a biofilm, their antimicrobial susceptibility is usually rapidly restored. Fungal biofilms are commonly encountered in cases of invasive catheter-related infections as well as superficial infections like denture stomatitis. Biofilm susceptibility is influenced significantly by such factors as biofilm thickness, biofilm age, biofilm areal cell density, antimicrobial dose concentration, biofilm species composition, and genotype. In bacterial biofilms, it has been suggested that the thick extracellular matrix (ECM) may contribute to antimicrobial resistance by preventing the diffusion of drugs to target cells. The cellular target of fluconazole in Candida albicans is a cytochrome P-450 hemoprotein involved in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Microorganisms are equipped with numerous genetic and biochemical systems for responding to environmental stresses. Reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms in biofilms is thought to be due to a combination of antimicrobial depletion through reactions with biofilm constituents, poor antimicrobial penetration, slow growth or stationary-phase existence in the biofilm, adaptive stress responses, and the formation of protected persister cells.
Robust multilevel interconnects with a nano-clustering porous low-k (k&gt;2.3) (2004)

For 65 nm node devices and beyond, we developed a high performance porous SOD materials, nano-clustering silica (NCS). Our original nano-clustering technique can control pore sizes to less than 2.8nm and achieve a homogenous pore distribution without the use of any template materials. NCS films combine a very low dielectric constant (k<2.3) with high mechanical strength; the elastic modulus is 10 GPa and the hardness is greater than 1.0 GPa. We have successfully fabricated 200nm-pitch hybrid-ULK/Cu interconnects by application of NCS to trench layers and SiOC to via layers. The structures exhibit satisfactory electrical characteristics, reliability and framework strength for the severe requirements of 65nm node devices. 10-level interconnects using NCS for the intermediate layers were fabricated without any delamination or cracking. The results of thermal-cycle (TC) and pressure temperature humidity stress (PTHS) tests also showed the high practical reliabilities. The NCS/copper multilevel interconnects meet the 65nm-node requirements for BEOL.
Singularity detection and processing with wavelets (1992)

The mathematical characterization of singularities with Lipschitz exponents is reviewed. Theorems that estimate local Lipschitz exponents of functions from the evolution across scales of their wavelet transform are reviewed. It is then proven that the local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus detect the locations of irregular structures and provide numerical procedures to compute their Lipschitz exponents. The wavelet transform of singularities with fast oscillations has a particular behavior that is studied separately. The local frequency of such oscillations is measured from the wavelet transform modulus maxima. It has been shown numerically that one- and two-dimensional signals can be reconstructed, with a good approximation, from the local maxima of their wavelet transform modulus. As an application, an algorithm is developed that removes white noises from signals by analyzing the evolution of the wavelet transform maxima across scales. In two dimensions, the wavelet transform maxima indicate the location of edges in images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network-Based Access Selection in Composite Radio Environments (2007)

In this paper, we introduce a network-based approach for access and interface selection (AIS) in the context of resource management in heterogeneous wireless environments (UMTS, WLAN and DVB-T). We focus on the optimization of the resource utilization, while ensuring acceptable QoS provision to the end users. Our objective is to optimally manage the overall system resources and minimize the possibility of QoS handovers (non-mobility handovers). The adopted architecture applies to typical heterogeneous environments and network entities (access routers) are enhanced with extra functionalities. We propose an AIS algorithm that exploits the multihoming concept and globally manages network resources at both radio access and IP backbone networks. The algorithm can estimate near optimal solutions in real time and we also introduce a novel triggering policy. We present simulation results that demonstrate the advantages of our approach. System performance metrics, derived from the simulations, show minimum degradations in high load and congestion situations.