gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thymoquinone on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Sepsis in BALB/c Mice (2020)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis and has also been observed in some patients suffering from the new coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19, which is currently a major global concern. Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the most active ingredients in <i>Nigella sativa</i> seeds. It has a variety of beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Here, we investigated the possible protective effects of TQ against kidney damage in septic BALB/c mice. Eight-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control, TQ, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and TQ+CLP. CLP was performed after 2 weeks of TQ gavage. After 48 h, we measured the histopathological alterations in the kidney tissue and the serum levels of creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). We also evaluated pyroptosis (NLRP3, caspase-1), apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-8), proinflammatory (TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-6)-related protein and gene expression levels. Our results demonstrated that TQ inhibited CLP-induced increased serum CRE and BUN levels. It also significantly inhibited the high levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-6 induced by CLP. Furthermore, NF-<i>κ</i>B protein level was significantly decreased in the TQ+CLP group than in the CLP group. Together, our results indicate that TQ may be a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced AKI.
Epigenetic Gene Silencing Underlies C-Fiber Dysfunctions in Neuropathic Pain (2010)

Peripheral nerve injury causes neuropathic pain, which is characterized by the paradoxical sensations of positive and negative symptoms. Clinically, negative signs are frequently observed; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Dysfunction of C-fibers is assumed to underlie negative symptoms and is accompanied by long-lasting downregulation of Na(v)1.8 sodium channel and mu-opioid receptor (MOP) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In the present study, we found that nerve injury upregulates neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) expression in the DRG neurons mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that nerve injury promotes NRSF binding to the neuron-restrictive silencer element within MOP and Na(v)1.8 genes, thereby causing epigenetic silencing. Furthermore, NRSF knockdown significantly blocked nerve injury-induced downregulations of MOP and Na(v)1.8 gene expressions, C-fiber hypoesthesia, and the losses of peripheral morphine analgesia and Na(v)1.8-selective blocker-induced hypoesthesia. Together, these data suggest that NRSF causes pathological and pharmacological dysfunction of C-fibers, which underlies the negative symptoms in neuropathic pain.
MicroRNA Replacement Therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a Is Efficacious in a Model of Colon Carcinoma (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) aberrantly expressed in tumors may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. miR-145 is downregulated in various cancers including colon carcinoma in which in vitro studies have established proapoptotic and antiproliferative roles. miR-33a was connected recently to cancer through its capacity to downregulate the oncogenic kinase Pim-1. To date, miRNA replacement therapy has been hampered by the lack of robust nonviral delivery methods for in vivo administration. Here we report a method of miRNA delivery by using polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated delivery of unmodified miRNAs, using miR-145 and miR-33a to preclinically validate the method in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. After systemic or local application of low molecular weight PEI/miRNA complexes, intact miRNA molecules were delivered into mouse xenograft tumors, where they caused profound antitumor effects. miR-145 delivery reduced tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis, with concomitant repression of c-Myc and ERK5 as novel regulatory target of miR-145. Similarly, systemic injection of PEI-complexed miR-33a was validated as a novel therapeutic targeting method for Pim-1, with antitumor effects comparable with PEI/siRNA-mediated direct in vivo knockdown of Pim-1 in the model. Our findings show that chemically unmodified miRNAs complexed with PEI can be used in an efficient and biocompatible strategy of miRNA replacement therapy, as illustrated by efficacious delivery of PEI/miR-145 and PEI/miR-33a complexes in colon carcinoma. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5214–24. ©2011 AACR.
Preparation and Properties of Some Polymer-Clay Compounds (1963)

Abstract Novel polymer-clay compositions were synthesized by neutralizing hydrogen montmorillonite and hydrogen kaolinite with amine-terminated polystyrene. The latter was obtained by the amide ion-initiated polymerization of styrene in liquid ammonia at −33°C. The neutralization reactions were carried out in methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide and their aqueous solutions. As a result of their chemical modifications, the clays change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, organophilic substances. Polystyrene-montmorillonite compositions containing about 50 per cent by weight of combined polymer formed dispersions in hydrocarbon oils which were similar to high temperature lubricating greases. The basal spacings of the organo-montmorillonites indicate the deposition of a polymer layer one molecule thick.
Loss of high affinity transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) binding to a nephritogenic T cell results in absence of growth inhibition by TGF-β 1 and augmented nephritogenicity (1996)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) affects cellular proliferation and differentiation and has been linked to the development of pathologic extracellular matrix production characteristic of progressive renal disease. TGF-beta 1 is conventionally regarded as having growth-inhibitory activity on T lymphocytes. The growth-regulatory activity of TGF-beta 1 depends on the interaction of TGF-beta 1 with its receptors, especially the type I and II receptors. In this study, we describe a CD4+ nephritogenic T cell clone that, unlike a sister clone with an identical TCR Ag receptor, is not growth inhibited by TGF-beta 1, nor is its nephritogenicity affected by exogenous TGF-beta 1. Although this TGF-beta-resistant T cell clone expresses both type I and II TGF-beta receptors on the cell surface, the affinity of this interaction is markedly diminished compared with that of the sister T cell clone, which does undergo growth arrest in response to extracellular TGF-beta 1. The resistant T cell clone expresses one mutant allele for the type I TGF-beta receptor. This mutation consists of a leucine to glutamine substitution at codon 122, a conserved amino acid in the transmembrane domain. We speculate that this mutation alters the interaction between the type I and II TGF-beta receptors following recognition of ligand by the type II receptor.
Corticosteroid-Dependent Sodium Transport in a Novel Immortalized Mouse Collecting Duct Principal Cell Line (1999)

The final control of sodium balance takes place in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the nephron, where corticosteroid hormones regulate sodium reabsorption by acting through mineralocorticoid (MR) and/or glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. A clone of principal CCD cells (mpkCCDc14) has been established that is derived from a transgenic mouse (SV40 large T antigen under the control of the SV40 enhancer/L-type pyruvate kinase promoter). Cells grown on filters form polarized monolayers with high electrical transepithelial resistance (R(T) approximately 4700 ohm x cm2) and potential difference (P(D) approximately -50 mV) and have an amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium transport, as assessed by the short-circuit current method (Isc approximately 11 microA/cm2). Reverse transcription-PCR experiments using rat MR primers, [3H]aldosterone, and [3H]dexamethasone binding and competition studies indicated that the mpkCCDc14 cells exhibit specific MR and GR. Aldosterone increased Isc in a dose- (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) and time-dependent (2 to 72 h) manner, whereas corticosterone only transiently increased Isc (2 to 6 h). Consistent with the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which metabolizes glucocorticoids to inactive 11-dehydroderivates, carbenoxolone potentiated the corticosterone-stimulated Isc. Aldosterone (5x10(-7) M)-induced Isc (fourfold) was associated with a three- to fivefold increase in alpha-ENaC mRNA (but not in those for beta- or gamma-ENaC) and three- to 10-fold increases in alpha-ENaC protein synthesis. In conclusion, this new immortalized mammalian CCD clonal cell line has retained a high level of epithelial differentiation and sodium transport stimulated by aldosterone and therefore represents a useful mammalian cell system for identifying the genes controlled by aldosterone.
Synergy in the Cracking of a Blend of Bio-oil and Vacuum Gasoil under Fluid Catalytic Cracking Conditions (2016)

The catalytic cracking of a blend of raw bio-oil (20 wt %) from black poplar sawdust fast pyrolysis and vacuum gasoil (VGO, 80 wt %) has been studied. The runs have been performed in a riser simulator reactor (RSR) under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions; that is, 500–560 °C, catalyst to feed mass ratio of 6 gcat (gfeed)–1 on a dry basis, reaction times of 3–10 s and a equilibrated commercial FCC catalyst. The cofeeding effect has been quantified by comparing the yields of product lumps and individual components in the gaseous fraction and gasoline lump in the cracking of VGO, raw bio-oil, and their blend (20% bio-oil/80% VGO), at the same conversion values (60–70 wt %). The cofeeding has a favorable synergy because it promotes the formation of C3–C4 and gasoline (C5–C12) hydrocarbon lumps, attenuating the formation of CO2, CO, and also coke formation. In the cracking of the blend (80% VGO/20% bio-oil) at 70 wt % conversion, a deoxygenation degree of 95 wt % has been obtained, with a total liquid fuel yield of 52.8 wt % and a gasoline yield of 31.6 wt %, with a low oxygenate fraction (<4 wt %) containing carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, and phenols.
Non-contact transportation system for thin glass plate utilizing combination of air bearing and electrostatic force (2003)

Reports on a non-contact transportation system for a thin glass plate utilizing an air bearing and electrostatic force. An electrode structure which can accelerate the polarization on the surface of the glass plate, compared with the normal slit type electrode structure, is proposed. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed electrode structure induced an attractive force that was four times that of the normal slit type electrode, for a particular condition. The lateral stability of the glass plate during transportation was also investigated experimentally and it was confirmed that the lateral vibration was absolutely smaller, and hence gave a maximum transportation speed that was about 6 times faster than that of the slit type electrode.
2,4‐Bis(4‐methylpheylthio)‐1,3,2λ<sup>5</sup>,4λ<sup>5</sup>‐dithiadiphosphetan‐2,4‐dithion: Ein neues Reagens zur Schwefelung von <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐disubstituierten Amiden (1987)

2,4‐Bis(4‐methylphenylthio)‐1,3,2λ 5 ,4λ 5 ‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐dithione: A New Reagent for Thiation of N , N ‐Disubstituted Amides As a new reagent for the thiation of amides, the easily accessible 2,4‐bis(4‐methylphenylthio)‐1,3,2λ 5 ,4λ 5 ‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐dithione ( 9 ) shows a remarkable selectivity. This selectivity – the preferred thiation of N , N ‐disubstituted amides – is complementary to the one of the well known Lawesson reagent . Thiation of diamides of type 2 with 9 leads via cyclization of the corresponding dithiodiamides to 1,3‐thiazole‐5(4 H )‐thiones 1 ( Scheme 3 ).
Mistaken Identity: <i>Neosartorya pseudofischeri</i> and Its Anamorph Masquerading as <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2005)

Invasive fungal infections caused by Neosartorya pseudofischeri S. W. Peterson [anamorph Aspergillus thermomutatus (Paden) S. W. Peterson] are extremely rare. Phenotypically, the anamorphic state of N. pseudofischeri resembles Aspergillus fumigatus, the predominant agent of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. We report the recovery of three clinical isolates of N. pseudofischeri, all initially misidentified by morphological characteristics as A. fumigatus. All three isolates were correctly identified by sequencing portions of the beta-tubulin and the rodlet A genes. Only one of the three isolates produced the confirmatory fruiting bodies and was thus classified as N. pseudofischeri; the other isolates did not produce asci and were therefore identified as A. thermomutatus. All three isolates had higher MICs to voriconazole in vitro compared to A. fumigatus Af293. This report emphasizes that phenotypic identification of filamentous fungi may not identify morphologically similar, but genetically distinct, members of the genus Aspergillus section Fumigati. Accurate identification of these organisms may be clinically meaningful, given their potential differences in antifungal susceptibilities.
An Oxidative Dearomatization-Induced [5 + 2] Cascade Enabling the Syntheses of α-Cedrene, α-Pipitzol, and <i>sec</i>-Cedrenol (2010)

Efficient syntheses of α-cedrene (1), α-pipitzol (2), and sec-cedrenol (3) were carried out using a new method, which was inspired by the proposed biosynthesis of the tricyclic skeleton of cedrol (12). The key transformation begins with the oxidative dearomatization of curcuphenol (5a) followed by an intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition of the respective phenoxonium intermediate across the tethered olefin. The benzylic stereocenter effectively guides the formation of the first two stereocenters during the [5 + 2] reaction. The cascade then terminates with the selective incorporation of acetic acid to generate a third stereocenter, setting it apart from other previous cationic [5 + 2] reactions. The phenolic precursors (5a-h) are constructed from readily available salicylaldehydes, either as the racemate (one pot) or as a specific enantiomer (four pots) by a modification to our method for the generation of ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs).
On quality control and machine learning in crowdsourcing (2011)

The advent of crowdsourcing has created a variety of new opportunities for improving upon traditional methods of data collection and annotation. This in turn has created intriguing new opportunities for data-driven machine learning (ML). Convenient access to crowd workers for simple data collection has further generalized to leveraging more arbitrary crowd-based human computation (von Ahn 2005) to supplement automated ML. While new potential applications of crowdsourcing continue to emerge, a variety of practical and sometimes unexpected obstacles have already limited the degree to which its promised potential can be actually realized in practice. This paper considers two particular aspects of crowdsourcing and their interplay, data quality control (QC) and ML, reflecting on where we have been, where we are, and where we might go from here.
Organometallic complexes of molybdenum and tungsten as catalyst precursors in the disproportionation of propene (1974)

Organometallic complexes of molybdenum and tungsten have been supported on silica or alumina and activated at temperatures at or above 373 K; the activities of the resulting substances as propene-disproportionation catalysts have been determined at ambient temperatures. Catalysts derived from alkyl and acetato-complexes show activities of the same order as catalysts made from supported Mo(CO)6. Tungsten-based catalysts have activities of the same order as molybdenum-derived catalysts, and catalysts derived from less thermally stable complexes are the more active. No propene disproportionation has been observed for chromium-based catalysts.
Effect of high amylose maize starches on colonic fermentation and apoptotic response to DNA-damage in the colon of rats (2009)

The consumption of RS elicits a range of beneficial physiological and protective effects associated with the fermentation of RS. Increased production of butyrate seems a likely explanation by which RS enhances the apoptotic response to carcinogen-induced DNA damage which is consistent with the proposed role of this SCFA in promoting a normal cell phenotype and preventing the development of abnormal cell populations.
SNR estimation in frequency selective rayleigh channel for HIPERLAN/2 transceiver (2006)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have received much attention because of their robust performance in dispersive channels. However, channel state information, especially signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is necessary in order to obtain improvements in receiver performance. In this work, a computationally simple SNR estimator is evaluated for a HIPERLAN/2 OFDM transceiver. The estimator operates on Rayleigh fading frequency selective channel using BPSK modulated data. We assess the accuracy of the algorithm and show that the accuracy of the estimation is associated with the number of subcarriers used for the estimation
Differential pulse polarographic determination of dantrolene. (1992)

The differential pulse polarographic behaviour of dantpolene has been investigated over the pH range 2.0 to 12.0. The best defined peaks for the determination of the title compound are obtained in the buffer of 4 greater than pH less than 6. This technique has been applied to the determination of dantrolene in pharmaceutical formulations. Both standard addition and calibration methods are used. The lower detection limit is found to be 25 ngml(-1). The method is accurate and reproducible with 98.9 percent - 99.6 percent +/- 0.7.
<b>D-Norsteroids</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTD-NorsteroidsJ. Meinwald, G. G. Curtis, and P. G. GassmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 1, 116–117Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00860a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00860a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE NATURE OF THE CATALYST IN THE PERKIN CONDENSATION (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTTHE NATURE OF THE CATALYST IN THE PERKIN CONDENSATIONJ. F. J. DIPPY and R. M. EVANSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 3, 451–456Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01149a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01149a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fault-tolerant distributed algorithm for election in complete networks (1988)

Electron in asynchronous complete networks is considered for the case in which the links may fail intermittently and undetectably. Undetectable link failure is consistent with the standard model of distributed algorithms in which link delays can be arbitrary but finite. An algorithm is given that correctly solves the problem when the links fail before or during the execution of the algorithm. If n is the number of nodes in the network, f the maximum number of fault links, and r a design parameter, the algorithm uses no more than O(nrf+(nr/(r-1) log(n/(r-1)f))) messages, runs in time O(n/(r-1)) f, and uses at most O(log mod T mod ) bits per message, where mod T mod is the cardinality of the set of node identifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clonal analysis of predominantly intraductal carcinoma and precancerous lesions of the breast by means of polymerase chain reaction. (1994)

Clonality of predominantly intraductal carcinoma (PIC) and precancerous lesions of the breast was analyzed by a method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase gene and on random inactivation of the gene by methylation. The application of polymerase chain reaction to this method enabled clonal analysis of small lesions. In order to eliminate the contamination by normal stromal cells, intraductal components were microdissected from the frozen sections of PIC under a dissection microscope. Clonal analysis of the intraductal components from seven PICs revealed that all were monoclonal in origin. In three PICs with intraductal spreading of carcinoma cells over nearly a whole breast gland, the intraductal components were collected from eight widely separated sites in each case. Clonal analysis of these samples showed that every sample was monoclonal and the same allele of the phosphoglycerokinase gene was consistently inactivated in each case. These results suggest that PIC arises as a single monoclonal carcinoma and spreads through the ducts over the gland rather than having multicentric origins. Clonality of precancerous lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia and intraductal papilloma arising in the terminal ducts was also studied. Intraductal components were microdissected from the paraffin sections of these lesions and subjected to clonal analysis. Both atypical ductal hyperplasia and intraductal papilloma were found to be monoclonal in origin, suggesting that certain genetic changes had already occurred in the precancerous lesions. A further study is needed to elucidate these genetic changes, which would greatly help our understanding of the mechanism of carcinogenesis.