gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H. S. M. Coxeter (1984)

Für die meisten professionellen Mathematiker bedeutet die gelegentliche Beschäftigung mit mathematischen Spielereien ungefähr das Gleiche wie die Schachpartie, die man hin und wieder spielt: Beides sind Beschäftigungen, bei denen man sich entspannen und zerstreuen kann, denen man aber nicht allzu viel Gewicht beimessen sollte. Andererseits gibt es eine ganze Reihe von passionierten und produktiven „Nüsseknackern“, die nur über ganz elementare Mathematikkenntnisse verfügen. H. S. M. Coxeter, zur Zeit Mathematikprofessor in Toronto, stellt einen jener ganz seltenen Ausnahmefälle dar, in denen jemand im Bereich der strikt fachlichen Mathematik ein ebenso hohes Ansehen genießt wie auf dem Gebiet der mathematischen Spielereien.
XMLデータベース入門 : data on the web (2006)

第１部 データモデル（半構造データの構文；ＸＭＬ） 第２部 問合せ（問合せ言語；ＸＭＬに対する問合せ言語 ほか） 第３部 型（半構造データに対する型） 第４部 システム（問合せ処理；Ｌｏｒｅシステム ほか）
西奥·帕菲迪斯：市场调研是成败的关键 (2013)

商业巨头西奥·帕菲迪斯（Theo Raphitis）,他是英国广播公司第二频道《龙之穴创业投资》（Dragons＇ Den）的投资人之一——这是一档百万创业投资真人秀电视节目。因此比起大多数企业家，西奥或许知道更多的商业创意理念。
Soft biometrics: a survey (2021)

Abstract The field of biometrics research encompasses the need to associate an identity to an individual based on the persons physiological or behaviour traits. While the use of intrusive techniques such as retina scans and finger print identification has resulted in highly accurate systems, the scalability of such systems in real-world applications such as surveillance and border security has been limited. As a branch of biometrics research, the origin of soft biometrics could be traced back to need for non-intrusive solutions for extracting physiological traits of a person. Following high number of research outcomes reported in the literature on soft biometrics, this paper aims to consolidate the scope of soft biometrics research across four thematic schemes (i) a detailed review of soft biometrics research data sets, their annotation strategies and building a largest novel collection of soft traits; (ii) the assessment of metrics that affect the performance of soft biometrics system; (iii) a comparative analysis on feature and modality level fusion reported in the literature for enhancing the system performance; and (iv) a performance analysis of hybrid soft biometrics recognition system using multi-scale criterion. The paper also presents a detailed analysis on the global traits associated to person identity such as gender, age and ethnicity. The contribution of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review of scientific literature, identify open challenges and offer insights on new research directions in the filed.
Hardware Acceleration of Parallel Lagged-Fibonacci Pseudo Random Number Generation. (2006)

(SPRNG) library is widely used to generate random numbers in Monte Carlo simulations due to the good statistical properties of both its serial and parallel random number streams. In this paper, we suggest an efficient hardware architecture for the Parallel Additive Lagged-Fibonacci Generator (PALFG) provided by the SPRNG library. This design has been implemented on a Virtex-II Pro FPGA device and runs at a clock speed of 125 MHz while delivering one 31-bit random number per clock. Compared to the SPRNG software algorithm executing on a Pentium 4 workstation, a single instance of our design offers a 2.3-fold performance improvement and appears to be 50 times more efficient. I.
Stability indicating nature of RP-HPLC method for determination of impurity profile in malathion (2013)

The objective of the present work was to develop stability indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of impurities in Malathion on YMC-Pack ODS AQ 250 X 4.6mm 5μm column using a gradient mixture of solvent A ( Milli Q water, adjust the pH of the above solution to 2.5 using Orthophosphoric acid) and solvent B (Methanol). The flow rate is 0.7ml/min and the detection wavelength is 210nm. Statistical analysis proved the method to repeatable, specific and accurate for estimation of Malathion and its impurities. It can be used as a stability indicating method due to its effective separation of the drug from its impurities.
감마선(60Co) 조사에 의한 항진균 세균의 돌연변이체 유도 (2002)

항진균 세균의 특성 및 기능변화 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 버섯폐배지, 온천수, 해조류 및 삼림토양으로부터 식물병원성 진균에 대한 8 종의 항진균 활성 균주를 분리하였고 감마선(^60Co)을 이용하여 LD_95 에 돌연변이체를 유도하였다. Bactllus circulans K1, Burkholderia gladioli K4와 Bacillussubtilis YSl은 12 종의 식물병원성 진균에 대go 항진균 활성을 보였다. 이들 균주의 방사선감수성 조사결과 B. gladioliK4는 감마선에 대한 높은 감수성을 보였으며, D_10 값은 0.11kGy 였다. 감마선에 의해 유도된 Kl-1004와 YSl-1009는Botryosphaeria dothidea에 대해 항진균 활성이 증가되었다. B.subtilis YS1의 돌연변이체인 YSl-1006과 YS1-1009는 tebuconazol과 copper hydroxide에 대해 농약 저항성을 나타냈다. SAR535, SAR5108 과 SAR5l18 돌연변이체는 야생형 균주인 Streptomyces sp. SAR01에 비해 5 종의 식물병원성 진균에 대해 항진균 활성이 없었다. 연구결과, 방사선을 이용하여 다양한 기능의 돌연변이체 유도가 가능하였다. 이를 이용하여 항진균 활성 관련 유전자 연구 및 균주개량이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.
The New Common Law Courts, Culture, and the Localization of the Model Penal Code (2011)

Few tropes in American law teaching are more firmly entrenched than the criminal law division between Model Penal Code and common law states. Yet, even a cursory look at current state codes indicates that this bifurcation is outmoded. No state continues to cling to ancient English common law, nor does any state adhere fully to the Model Penal Code. In fact, those states that adopted portions of the Code have since produced a substantial body of case law – what this article terms “new common law” – transforming it. Taking the controversial position that criminal law pedagogy is antiquated, this article proposes a radical update, emphasizing two objectives: 1) the need to stress the interplay between individual state cases and codes, and 2) the need to abandon the position that the MPC represents a bold new vision of criminal law reform, particularly since that vision is itself almost half a century old.
Synthesis of 1,6-, 2,7-, 3,8-, and 4,9-Isomers of Didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>][1]benzothiophenes (2013)

The synthesis of 1,6-, 2,7-, 3,8-, and 4,9-isomers of dibromo- and didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes, via the stilbene pathway, is described. Starting from the synthesis of bromo-2-(methylthio)benzaldehydes, a series of functionalization, McMurry coupling, and finalising cyclization reactions were explored. The stereochemistry of the cyclization mechanism was investigated. Using this methodology didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes were formed in overall yields of 5-32%.
Guggulsterone Inhibits NF-κB and IκBα Kinase Activation, Suppresses Expression of Anti-apoptotic Gene Products, and Enhances Apoptosis (2004)

Guggulsterone, derived from Commiphora mukul and used to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, has been recently shown to antagonize the farnesoid X receptor and decrease the expression of bile acid-activated genes. Because activation of NF-kappaB has been closely linked with inflammatory diseases affected by guggulsterone, we postulated that it must modulate NF-kappaB activation. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of this steroid on the activation of NF-kappaB induced by inflammatory agents and carcinogens. Guggulsterone suppressed DNA binding of NF-kappaB induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), phorbol ester, okadaic acid, cigarette smoke condensate, hydrogen peroxide, and interleukin-1. NF-kappaB activation was not cell type-specific, because both epithelial and leukemia cells were inhibited. Guggulsterone also suppressed constitutive NF-kappaB activation expressed in most tumor cells. Through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation, this steroid blocked IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, thus suppressing p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene transcription induced by TNF, TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, NIK, and IKK was also blocked by guggulsterone but without affecting p65-mediated gene transcription. In addition, guggulsterone decreased the expression of gene products involved in anti-apoptosis (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP, and survivin), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), and metastasis (MMP-9, COX-2, and VEGF); this correlated with enhancement of apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our results indicate that guggulsterone suppresses NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products, which may explain its anti-inflammatory activities.
Experimental investigation and characterization of the departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium along a surface-wave-sustained discharge at atmospheric pressure (1996)

Surface-wave-sustained discharges (SWDs) form a particular class of high frequency (HF) discharges: their HF sustaining field is provided by a traveling wave that transfers energy as it propagates along the discharge column, yielding a plasma column with an axially decreasing electron density. SWDs have proved to be ideal for investigating experimentally and theoretically both the HF field and discharge aspects of HF plasma sources at reduced gas pressure. In this article, SWDs are utilized at atmospheric pressure to gain insight into the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium (TE) of HF sustained discharges. This departure is found to increase significantly as the electron density decreases along the plasma column whereas the gas temperature and the power absorbed per electron do not vary axially. The two-temperature plasma model provides an adequate description of this departure from TE.
Nuclear transcription factors: potential targets for new modes of intervention in skin disease (1994)

Many drugs already in use for the treatment of skin disease, including steroids, retinoids, vitamin D derivatives and cyclosporin (CyA), exert effects on gene transcription. In this review we briefly outline how these drugs work, before proceeding to a consideration of how new drugs acting on the transcription process might be used to influence skin disease.
AlGaN <i>pn</i> junctions (1995)

AlGaN pn homo- and heterojunctions were fabricated on silicon carbide substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. AlN concentration in AlGaN layers ranged from 2 to 8 mol %. Mesa structures were made by reactive ion etching. Electroluminescence (EL) from AlGaN pn junctions was studied. EL peaks associated with near band-to-band transition in AlGaN were detected. The minimum wavelength of EL peak of ∼348 nm (hν∼3.56 eV, 300 K) was measured for a p-Al0.08GaN0.92/n-Al0.06Ga0.94N heterojunction. The dependence of the photon energy of the edge EL peak on AlN concentration in AlGaN was measured.
Oil bodies of transgenic<i>Brassica napus</i> as a source of immobilized β‐glucuronidase (1996)

Abstract The process of immobilizing enzymes is a major cost factor in the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts on an industrial scale. We have developed a new strategy, based on plant genetic manipulation, for the production of foreign peptides associated with the oil body in plant seeds. Seeds of transgenic rapeseed can be produced on a large scale at relatively low cost. Furthermore, oil bodies are readily isolated from seeds by floatation centrifugation. In this paper, we describe some physical and operational properties of an oil body—fusion protein complex and its suitability as a heterogeneous catalyst. Oil bodies from rapeseed, corn, and flax aggregate at pH 5, which facilitates their recovery by floatation. Oil bodies from transgenic rapeseed, carrying the reporter gene β‐glucuronidase or the pharmaceutical peptide, hirudin, also aggregate in the same range. This aggregation is reversible. Oil bodies are resistant to a wide range of pH, with some lysis occurring (<10%) at the extremes. They are resistant to shearing forces, such as stirring. The thermal and pH stabilities, as well as the catalytic activity of β‐glucuronidase expressed on the oil body surface, are comparable to those of free β‐glucuronidase enzyme.
Preoperative Airway Assessment (1996)

Using readily available and objective airway risk criteria, a multivariate model for stratifying risk of difficult endotracheal intubation was developed and its accuracy compared to currently applied clinical methods. We studied 10,507 consecutive patients who were prospectively assessed prior to general anesthesia with respect to mouth opening, thyromental distance, oropharyngeal (Mallampati) classification, neck movement, ability to prognath, body weight, and history of difficult tracheal intubation. After induction of anesthesia, the laryngeal view during rigid laryngoscopy was graded and the ability of experienced anesthesia personnel to ventilate via a mask was determined. Poor intubating conditions (laryngoscopy Grade IV) and inability to achieve adequate mask ventilation were identified in 107 (1%) and 8 (0.07%) cases, respectively. Logistic regression identified all seven criteria as independent predictors of difficulty with laryngoscopic visualization. A composite airway risk index (derived from nominalized odds ratios calculated from the multivariate model) as well a simplified (0 = low, 1 = medium, 2 = high) risk weighting exhibited higher positive predictive value for laryngoscopy Grade IV at scores with similar sensitivity to Mallampati class III, as well as higher sensitivity at scores with similar positive predictive value. Compared to Mallampati class I fewer false-negative predictions were observed at a risk index value of 0. We conclude that improved risk stratification for difficulty with visualization during rigid laryngoscopy (Grade IV) can be obtained by use of a simplified preoperative multivariate airway risk index, with better accuracy compared to oropharyngeal (Mallampati) classification at both low- and high-risk levels.
GAN and VAE from an Optimal Transport Point of View (2017)

This short article revisits some of the ideas introduced in arXiv:1701.07875 and arXiv:1705.07642 in a simple setup. This sheds some lights on the connexions between Variational Autoencoders (VAE), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Minimum Kantorovitch Estimators (MKE).
The Modulation of the Expression of IL-6 and Its Receptor in Human Osteoblasts<i>in Vitro</i>* (1991)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) probably plays a central role in the acute phase response and in haemopoiesis and may be involved in the control of bone turnover. We have studied the release of IL-6 from human trabecular bone cells treated with a variety of stimuli using a specific bioassay. In serum free medium, unstimulated human osteoblast-like cells produced IL-6 in the range of 1000-2050 pg/ml/24 h. Recombinant human interleukin 1 (IL-1 alpha) (10(-13)-10(-11) M), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and lipopolysaccharide (5-500 ng/ml) all stimulated release of IL-6 from human bone cells. Maximal levels of 17,000 pg/ml were observed using the highest concentration of IL-1. 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH did not stimulate IL-6 release. Using a specific sheep antihuman IL-6 antibody, all IL-6 activity could be neutralized. In parallel studies, ROS 17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma cells released around 50 pg/ml of IL-6 under basal conditions which were increased to a maximum of 900 pg/ml by treatment with PTH (10(-9) M). The cytokines were less effective and 1,25(OH)2D3 again had no effect. Modulation of expression of IL-6 mRNA in human osteoblast cells was examined using a human complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe. The mRNA was constitutively expressed, and IL-1 (10(-11) M) and TNF (10(-7) M) induced further mRNA expression within 2 h, which was sustained over 24 h. 1,25(OH)2D3 (10(-7) M), IL-6 (2000 pg/ml), and PTH (10(-9) M) exerted no effects at any time point. Dexamethasone (10(-6) M) suppressed both basal and IL-1- and TNF-induced IL-6 mRNA expression. IL-6 receptor mRNA was constitutively expressed but was not regulated by any of the above agents. It is clear that rodent and human osteoblasts differ in their production of IL-6 and its modulation. These data support the hypothesis that IL-6 is produced locally in human bone by osteoblasts under the direction of other cytokines. This could have implications in bone remodeling, haemopoiesis, and systemic responses to local injury.
Distributed cochannel interference control in cellular radio systems (1992)

Distributed power control algorithms that use only the carrier-to-interference ratios (C/I ratios) in those links actually in use are investigated. An algorithm that successfully approximates the behavior of the best known algorithms is proposed. The algorithm involves a novel distributed C/I-balancing scheme. Numerical results show that capacity gains on the order of 3-4 times can be reached also with these distributed schemes. Further, the effects of imperfect C/I estimates due to noise vehicle mobility, and fast multipath fading are considered. Results show that the balancing procedure is very robust to measurement noise, in particular if C/I requirements are low or moderate. However, for required high C/I levels or for a rapidly changing path loss matrix, convergence may be too slow to achieve substantial capacity improvements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CLADISS-a longitudinal multimode model for the analysis of the static, dynamic, and stochastic behavior of diode lasers with distributed feedback (1990)

A computer model called CLADISS is presented for the analysis of multisection diode lasers. The model allows for the analysis of a wide variety of multisection devices with discrete or distributed internal reflections. The simulator can carry out a threshold, DC, AC, and a noise analysis. The threshold analysis determines the threshold of the various longitudinal modes of the laser. The power versus current and the wavelength versus current characteristics are found with the self-consistent DC analysis. CLADISS includes all of the longitudinal variations by dividing each laser section in many short segments. Both the optical field and carrier density are discretized according to this segmentation. To demonstrate the capabilities of CLADISS some nonlinear effects in DFB lasers are treated. Instabilities induced in the side-mode suppression ratio by spatial hole burning are considered. The effects of spatial hole burning and side modes on the FM response on the linewidth are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hysteresis chaos generator (1985)

Abstract This paper discusses the hysteresis generator which is drawing attention as an autonomous chaos generator. However, this generator has not been discussed theoretically for its chaos generation mechanism. A fundamental hysteresis chaos generator is proposed deriving analytically the condition that chaos is generated in the circuit. The analysis of the circuit is performed by mapping procedure, and the Poincare' mapping is derived analytically as a one‐dimensional mapping from the fact that the circuit is a second‐order piecewise‐linear differential equation. By calculating based on the mapping, the generation condition for the chaos is represented explicitly for the parameters In this paper, the definition for the chaos is that the derived mapping has a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure and is ergodic. The generation of the chaos is verified by experiment.
Quenching of singlet oxygen by tertiary aliphatic amines. Effect of DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching of singlet oxygen by tertiary aliphatic amines. Effect of DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)Catherine Ouannes and Therese WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 23, 6527–6528Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01025a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01025a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2318Altmetric-Citations414LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THz Radiation from Intracavity Saturable Bragg Reflector in Magnetic Field with Self-Started Mode-Locking by Strained Saturable Bragg Reflector (1999)

We demonstrate a new configuration for intracavity generation of THz radiation. A magnetic-field-biased saturable Bragg reflector (SBR) located inside the femtosecond laser cavity is the emitter, while a strained saturable Bragg reflector (SSBR) achieves self-started mode-locking without focusing. The calibrated power of the emitted THz radiation is estimated to be approximately 45 nW with a peak frequency at 0.72 THz and width of approximately 0.7 THz under a 0.88 T magnetic field. The quadratic dependence of THz-radiation power by the SBR on the magnetic field is also observed for the first time.
Scaling a neyman-pearson subset selection approach via heuristics for mining massive data (2014)

Feature subset selection is an important step towards producing a classifier that relies only on relevant features, while keeping the computational complexity of the classifier low. Feature selection is also used in making inferences on the importance of attributes, even when classification is not the ultimate goal. For example, in bioinformatics and genomics feature subset selection is used to make inferences between the variables that best describe multiple populations. Unfortunately, many feature selection algorithms require the subset size to be specified a priori, but knowing how many variables to select is typically a nontrivial task. Other approaches rely on a specific variable subset selection framework to be used. In this work, we examine an approach to feature subset selection works with a generic variable selection algorithm, and our approach provides statistical inference on the number of features that are relevant, which may be unknown to the generic variable selection algorithm. This work extends our previous implementation of a Neyman-Pearson feature selection (NPFS) hypothesis test, which acts as a meta-subset selection algorithm. Specifically, we examine the conservativeness of the NPFS approach by biasing the hypothesis test, and examine other heuristics for NPFS. We include results from carefully designed synthetic datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the NPFS's ability to perform on data of a massive scale.