gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and operation of a pixel segmented liquid-filled linear array for radiotherapy quality assurance (2005)

A liquid isooctane (C(8)H(18)) filled ionization linear array for radiotherapy quality assurance has been designed, built and tested. The detector consists of 128 pixels, each of them with an area of 1.7 mm x 1.7 mm and a gap of 0.5 mm. The small pixel size makes the detector ideal for high gradient beam profiles such as those present in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and radiosurgery. As the read-out electronics we use the X-ray Data Acquisition System with the Xchip developed by the CCLRC. Studies concerning the collection efficiency dependence on the polarization voltage and on the dose rate have been made in order to optimize the device operation. In the first tests, we have studied dose rate and energy dependences. Dose rate dependence was found to be lower than 2.1% up to 5 Gy min(-1), and energy dependence lower than 2.5% up to 20 cm depth in solid water. Output factors and penumbras for several rectangular fields have been measured with the linear array and were compared with the results obtained with a 0.125 cm(3) air ionization chamber and radiographic film, respectively. Finally, we have acquired profiles for an IMRT field and for a virtual wedge. These profiles have also been compared with radiographic film measurements. All the comparisons show a good correspondence. The device has proved its capability to verify on-line therapy beams with good spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
Effect of contention resolution rules on the performance of deflection routing (2002)

The authors investigate the effect of contention resolution (CR) rules on the performance of deflection routing. A new livelock-free prioritized CR rule, which is based on a packet's distance to the destination and the number of deflections suffered by it, is proposed. The performance-in terms of the average throughput, the average network delay and the delay distribution-of this CR rule is compared with those of other commonly used CR rules. Results show that prioritized CR rules improve the performance in networks using unbuffered deflection routing. It is observed that prioritized CR rules have hardly any effect on the performance of buffered deflection routing. These results suggest that using the random CR rule with output buffers is a better way to improve the performance than implementing complicated CR rules which sacrifice the switching speed inherent in deflection routing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploration of Cascade Cyclizations Terminated by Tandem Aromatic Substitution: Total Synthesis of (+)-Schweinfurthin A (2011)

The termination of epoxide-initiated cascade cyclizations with a range of "protected" phenols is described. When the protecting group can be lost as a stabilized electrophile, the cascade process continues beyond ring closure to afford products which have undergone a tandem electrophilic aromatic substitution. A number of groups have proven viable in this process and the regiochemistry of their substitution reactions has been studied. Application of this methodology in the first total synthesis of (+)-schweinfurthin A, a potent antiproliferative agent, has been achieved.
Statistical GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution: a review (2002)

Global Navigation Satellite System carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high precision positioning and navigation. In this contribution a brief review is given of the probabilistic theory of integer carrier phase ambiguity estimation. Various ambiguity estimators are discussed. Among them are the estimators of integer rounding, integer bootstrapping, integer least-squares and the Bayesian solution. We also discuss the various relationships that exist between these estimators.
An Annotated Bibliography of Microwave Circulators and Isolators: 1968-1975 (1975)

A bibliography of microwave circulators and isolators from 1968 to 1975 is presented. Some observations on selected topics are made.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF RIFAMYCIN. A METHOD FOR THE STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF THE CARBONYL‐CONJUGATED 1,3‐DIENE UNIT (C(15) TO C(20)) (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Brom‐methylcrotonsäurester (I) erhält man das Methylthio‐Derivat (II), das mit Cyclohexylaldehyd (III) zu einem Lacton (IVa) umgesetzt werden kann.
Real Time System for Detecting and Tracking People (2018)

The increasing number of surveillance cameras allows for developing video systems for different domains. The paper proposes a real-time distributed system that automatically detects and tracks a person. The system develops a model for network communication which involves image and control message transmission. The project addresses the functionality of detecting and tracking people with efficient network usage and intelligent data processing. Also, by automatically tracking people, it reduces the necessity of human interaction in the surveillance process.
Collismycins A and B, novel non-steroidal inhibitors of denamethasone-glucocorticoid receptor binding. (1994)

Glucocorticoids are very important anti-inflammatory agents in clinical use1}, but some side effects such as pituitary-adrenal suppression and fluid and electrolyte disturbances are known2). Ir
Inulin and oligofructose: impact on intestinal diseases and disorders (2005)

A large and diverse variety of bacteria have evolved and adapted to live in the human intestinal habitat in a symbiotic arrangement that influences both physiology and pathology in the host. Symbiosis between host and flora can be optimised by prebiotics. Inulin-type fructans have been shown to improve the metabolic functions of the commensal flora. Clinical and experimental data suggest that they also improve the gut mucosal barrier. Furthermore, modulation of the trophic functions of the flora by these prebiotics could help in the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of inulin or oligofructose have been assessed in the rat model of distal colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate, which histologically resembles human ulcerative colitis, and in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid model that resembles human Crohn's disease. Both inulin and oligofructose stimulate colonic production of SCFA and favour the growth of indigenous lactobacilli and/or bifidobacteria. These effects are associated with reduced mucosal inflammation and decreased mucosal lesion scores. Inulin has also been tested in a placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with relapsing pouchitis. Treatment reduced endoscopic and histological parameters of inflammation of the pouch mucosa. Inulin and oligofructose may offer an opportunity to prevent chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders, and this potential should be tested in further clinical studies.
Radio Frequency Characteristics of Printed Meander Inductors and Interdigital Capacitors (2013)

Radio frequency (RF) characterizations of printed silver ink inductors manufactured at low (150 °C) and high (850 °C) temperatures and interdigital capacitors manufactured at high (850 °C) temperatures were carried out in the 500 MHz to 6 GHz range. The S -parameter responses of the components were measured with a probe station and an Agilent 8510C network analyzer. Electrical parameters such as inductance, capacitance, and a quality factor were estimated from experimental results and numerical calculation. Component parameters are dependent on physical dimensions and material properties. The components were created in a 4 ×4 mm 2 area with line widths/gaps of 500/500, 250/250, and 200/200 µm. Windings in the coils varied from 2 to 5 turns and finger counts in the capacitors, from 5 to 11 within the defined area and line widths. As a result, low- T -cured (150 °C) silver ink meander line inductors achieved 8 to 18 nH inductances at 1 and 2 GHz with a quality value of 10–25. High- T -cured (850 °C) silver ink meander line inductors had 6–15 nH inductances and quality values were around 100, indicating a conductivity challenge with low- T -cured inks. Interdigital capacitors with 1 to 4 pF capacitances and sufficient quality values were created. A low-loss BaTiO 3 coating was printed over the interdigital capacitors; they exhibited suitable electrical characteristics to allow decreasing the physical size of the component.
The π Configuration of the WWW Motif of a Short Trp-Rich Peptide Is Critical for Targeting Bacterial Membranes, Disrupting Preformed Biofilms, and Killing Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2017)

Tryptophan-rich peptides, being short and suitable for large-scale chemical synthesis, are attractive candidates for developing a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria (superbugs). Although there are numerous pictures of the membrane-bound structure of a single tryptophan (W), how multiple Trp amino acids assemble themselves and interact with bacterial membranes is poorly understood. This communication presents the three-dimensional structure of an eight-residue Trp-rich peptide (WWWLRKIW-NH<sub>2</sub> with 50% W) determined by the improved two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance method, which includes the measurements of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N chemical shifts at natural abundance. This peptide forms the shortest two-turn helix with a distinct amphipathic feature. A unique structural arrangement is identified for the Trp triplet, WWW, that forms a π configuration with W2 as the horizontal bar and W1/W3 forming the two legs. An arginine scan reveals that the WWW motif is essential for killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 and disrupting preformed bacterial biofilms. This unique π configuration for the WWW motif is stabilized by aromatic-aromatic interactions as evidenced by ring current shifts as well as nuclear Overhauser effects. Because the WWW motif is maintained, a change of I7 to R led to a potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm peptide with 4-fold improvement in cell selectivity. Collectively, this study elucidated the structural basis of antibiofilm activity of the peptide, identified a better peptide candidate via structure-activity relationship studies, and laid the foundation for engineering future antibiotics based on the WWW motif.
Experimental frequency-domain analysis of nonlinear controlled optical storage drives (2006)

For nonlinear controlled optical storage drives, a frequency-domain measurement approach is shown to be effective in demonstrating both stability and performance. In an experimental setting based on an industrial optical playback (CD drive) device, the motivation for applying such an approach is illuminated. It is shown that performance can efficiently be assessed using a describing function approach on a model level and using swept-sine measurements on an experimental level. The validity and effectiveness of the approach is extensively shown via closed-loop measurements.
Growth limitations in high density microcarrier cultures. (1985)

The growth of anchorage-dependent animal cells on microcarriers has enabled treatment of these cell lines as quasi-suspension cultures allowing the production of high cell densities. Analysis of the parameters affecting the final cell yield shows that if an optimal microcarrier/cell seeding ratio is provided, the surface area for cell growth is unlikely to be limiting. The culture medium could become limiting to cell growth by nutrient depletion or through the accumulation of growth inhibitors. In batch cultures of MDCK cells the analysis of amino acid utilization showed that some amino acids are nearly completely depleted from the medium during the growth period. Glutamine in particular was rapidly consumed reflecting its likely role as a major energy source. The use of a novel perfusion system for such cultures produces much higher cell densities. In 500 ml cultures perfused at 1 ml/min most of the amino acids maintained a steady concentration. The glutamine concentration was reduced not completely depleted. Under these conditions the ammonia concentration of the medium increased to a value of 2.3 mM when cell growth ceased. This level of ammonia accumulation occurred in both perfused and unperfused cultures. Investigations of the parameters affecting the growth of BHK cells in microcarrier cultures showed the rapid utilization of glutamine which was optimal at an initial concentration of 4 mM. Glucose showed rapid but not complete utilization in these experiments. The ammonia accumulation in the medium was shown to be directly related to the initial glutamine concentration and under optimal conditions rose to a level of 2.5 mM. This level of ammonia was shown to be growth inhibitory when added to cultures during inoculation. Growth experiments using culture medium diluted with isotonic salt solutions showed that the final cell yield was not directly related to the medium dilution in either perfused or unperfused cultures. This suggests that the accumulation of a growth inhibitor is responsible for growth limitation rather than nutrient depletion. The measurements of ammonia accumulation suggest that this could be the growth inhibitor which limits the final cell yield.
Ethnic Minorities (1985)

This article examines the various types of life stresses that members of racial minority groups experience. A model of the life stress process is presented, and several hypotheses are offered to describe the situation of members of ethnic minority groups with respect to life stress. Propositions leading toward a cross-cultural theory of life stress, ethnicity, and culture are presented. A dominant theme is that culture forms the context in which stressful life events derive their meaning. Each culture has its own barometer for measuring the stressfulness of any life event. There are culturally patterned ways of viewing and responding to stressor stimuli. The Stress, Resistant, Delivery (SRD) model is presented as a theoretical framework for counseling members of ethnic minority groups.
Color Reversion in Processed Vegetables I. Studies on Regreened Pea Purées (1965)

SUMMARY Bright‐green complexes were formed during the storage of canned green vegetable purées at room temperature or above. These pigments were isolated and purified, and their spectral characteristics analyzed. The occurrence of fluorescence and the phase test behavior were noted, and the hydrochloric acid numbers determined. Since copper and zinc were found in the green pigments, the ease of formation of these compounds on addition of metals in pea macerate was studied. The levels of metal content at which the phenomena of regreening can occur were determined, and the percentage conversion to the pigments formed was analyzed at these levels of metal. It was established that these pigments were copper complexes of mainly pheophytin a and, to some extent, pheophytin b.
Enzyme-Kinetic Studies on the Interaction of Norflurazon with Phytoene Desaturase (1989)

Bleaching herbicides inhibit carotene biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. The interaction of norflurazon [4-chloro-5-methylamino-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridazin-3(2H)one] with its target enzyme phytoene desaturase, has been characterized by enzyme-kinetic studies. A Lineweaver-Burk plot showed a non-competitive m anner for norflurazon inhibition. Binding of norflurazon to phytoene desaturase was reversible as dem onstrated by complete replacem ent of bound 14 C-labeled herbicide by unlabeled norflurazon. In a linear Dixon plot the k i value for norflurazon was determ ined as 0.09 μм . With the in vitro system from Anacystis used in this study it was possible to perform structure-activity studies with selected m -phenyl-substituted pyridazinones. A linear relationship between inhibitory properties of these compounds and their lipophilicity could be established.
SUNCT syndrome: A cohort of 15 Portuguese patients (2015)

Our case series is among the largest reported, with findings similar to others already published, but the first to report epistaxis during SUNCT attack and response to eslicarbazepine.
Quality control in fruit and vegetable processing. (1988)

Quality control in fruit and vegetable processing , Quality control in fruit and vegetable processing , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Decoupled SSD: Reducing Data Movement on NAND-Based Flash SSD (2021)

Modern NAND Flash memory-based Solid State Drive (SSD) is designed to support high bandwidth for I/O requests by exploiting various parallelism including multiple channels, multiple flash memory chips, and multiple planes. However, SSD system is utilized not only for general I/O requests but is also used during flash memory management processes (e.g., garbage collection). In particular, the sharing of system resources (e.g., system bus, DRAM) for I/O requests and garbage collection can cause performance degradation. In this letter, we address the system bus bottleneck and propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Decoupled</b></i> SSD system that decouples the front-end (i.e. cores, system bus) with the back-end (i.e., flash memory) and provide an on-chip network to interconnect the controllers together. Our decoupled SSD enables advanced command (i.e. copy-back) to be exploited for efficient garbage collection; in particular, we propose to extend copy-back commands to enable <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">global</i> copy-back through the flash-controller interconnect to effectively decouple I/O path and garbage collection path. Our evaluations show that decoupled SSD results in up to 34.7% bandwidth improvement, for I/O traffic while achieving up to 69% speedup for garbage collection.
The Crystal Structure of Cubic Cyclohexane, Part 1 (1948)

Timmermans has shown that a number of molecular crystals which have low entropy of fusion possess high crystallographic symmetries, plasticity, specific heats, dielectric ptoperties, etc. comparable with their liquid state. He considers such a state of aggregation as an intermediate phase between liquid and crystalline states and calls them “plastic crystals”.X-ray examination on these plastc crystals including cubic pentaerythritol C (CH2OH) 4, tetranitromethane C (NO2) 4 and cyclohexanol C6H11OH has now been extended to cubic cyclohexane C6H12 (m.pt. 6.3°C) which may be taken as a good example of such crystals.The methods for preparing single crystals and X-ray photographs were almost the same as in the cases of tetranitromethane and cyciohexanol, except a slight change of cooling device. The unit was found to be cubic face-centerd, a=8.73A., containing four molecules in it. The possible space group was given as T2d-F43m, O3-F43 or O5h-Fm8m. From the same symmetry consideration as was done in the cases of the above mentioned crystals, it was concluded that the four molecules in the unit should be placed at 000, 1/2 1/2 0, 1/2 0 1/2, and 0 1/2 1/2, their orientations, however, being not fixed but rather statistical, statically or dynamically. In other words, only the average centers of molecules lie at the lattice points, as in Ehe case of cyclohexunol. Such a structure explains well its low entropy of fusion and other liquid-like characters, as well as the rapid decrease of intensities with increasing reflection angles.Besides the Bragg reflections, we rbserved remarkable diffuse scattering of considerable intensity, similar to that shown by cyclohexanol (plate 1), Namely, there appear on the Laue and oscillation photographs a number of so-called diffuse spots and apparently circular diffuse haloes which resemble to the liquid diffraction haloes. The intensity distribution of the diffuse scattering of both types might be related closely with each other. As a first approximation, we made a calculation based on a simple model of free spherical rotation of molecules, and the results account roughly for the circular haloes (Fig.2) . It must be pointed out further that, whereas in the case of cyclohexanol we have observed some intense diffuse spots at small scattering angles, such ones could not be observed in the case of cyclohexane. This difference would perhaps be due to that in the manner of mutual orientations of neighbouring molecules in the crystals.
Robotic UV-Vis apparatus for long-term characterization of drug release from nanochannels (2014)

Reliable monitoring of the kinetics of molecular release from drug delivery devices is crucial for their therapeutic success. Commercially available UV-Vis spectrophotometers provide reliable quantification of analyte concentrations directly correlated to the absorbance of fluids. However, they are not suitable for long-term measurements requiring high frequency of sampling from a large number of replicates and continuous fluid mixing, all of which are necessary for evaluation of drug delivery devices. To address this need, we developed a novel robotic apparatus serially connected to a commercial UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The robotic apparatus enables us to automatically and reliably acquire long-term data for up to 48 samples with high frequency of measurements and independent magnetic stirring. We equipped the robotic apparatus with independent connectors that allowed us to apply an electric potential to each sample for electrokinetic studies. The apparatus repeatability and accuracy was demonstrated in comparison to a commercial UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The system was successfully employed to characterize the diffusion kinetics of acetone and doxorubicin through nanochannel membranes (nDS) designed for long-term drug delivery. Dendritic fullerene 1 was used to show that the robotic apparatus routes the electric potential to nanochannel membranes enabling us to investigate the actively controlled release of molecules. Our results demonstrate that the robotic apparatus could widely broaden the range of applications of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, especially in the case of large sample processing and for long-term diffusive and electrokinetic studies in drug delivery.
Introduction to Copper and Copper Alloys (1990)

Abstract Copper and copper alloys constitute one of the major groups of commercial metals due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, corrosion and fatigue resistance, ease of fabrication, and good strength. This article lists the types, properties, fabrication characteristics, corrosion ratings, temper designations, and applications of wrought copper and copper alloys. It also presents an outline of the most commonly used mechanical working and heat treating processes. The copper industry in the United States is broadly composed of two segments: producers (mining, smelting, and refining companies) and fabricators (wire mills, brass mills, foundries, and powder plants). The article discusses copper production methods and describes major changes in the structure of the U.S. copper and copper alloys industry.