gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer key switch force-displacement characteristics and short-term effects on localized fatigue (1999)

This study investigates the effects of key switch design parameters on short-term localized muscle fatigue in the forearm and hand. An experimental apparatus was utilized for simulating and controlling key switch make force and travel using leaf spring mechanisms, and provided direct measurement of applied key strike force using strain gauge load cells. Repetitive key tapping was performed as fast as possible using the dominant index finger for 500 s per condition (8.3 min) and a work-rest schedule consisting of 15 s of key tapping alternating with 10 s of rest. One combination of two make force levels (0.31 and 0.71 N) and two over travel distances (0.5 and 4.5 mm) was presented randomly on four different days. Nine subjects participated. Localized muscle fatigue in the hand and forearm was assessed subjectively using a 10 cm visual analogue scale, and objectively using surface electromyography (EMG). Average peak key strike force exerted was 0.35 N less for the smaller make force and 0.59 N less for the longer over travel distance. Fatigue occurred in all cases but no significant differences were observed between key switch parameters based on RMS EMG. Subjective reports of localized fatigue after 500 s were less when the key switch make force was less; however, a corresponding over travel effect was not observed despite the greatly reduced key strike force for the longer over travel distance. This discrepancy may be explained by the greater finger movement that was observed with increased over travel. Although there was no apparent improvement in short-term discomfort from fatigue when over travel was increased, this study did not consider the potential long-term health benefits from reduced key strike force.
Effects of Ginkgolide B and Ginkgo biloba extract on local cerebral glucose utilization in the awake adult rat (1991)

Abstract The effects of the extract of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba and of one of its major components, Ginkgolide B, on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) have been studied in the awake adult rat. Ginkgolide B (10 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effect on LCGU in 38 brain regions studied. In contrast, the Ginkgo biloba extract (150 mg/kg i.p. in 3 divided doses) produced significant and widespread decreases in LCGU in 21 brain regions (range 3–26% reduction). These results demonstrate that Ginkgo biloba is able to reduce brain glucose utilization, but that the substance responsible for this effect may not be Ginkgolide B.
Modeling Chemical Degradation of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and its Impact on Fuel Cell Performance (2010)

We present here an elementary kinetic model of the electrochemical phenomena occurring in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFC). Chemical degradation of the Nafion® membrane is described through a combination of OH radical formation via Fenton's reaction and a radical mechanism of side chain decomposition. At the electrodes, the model is coupled to a description of the hydrogen oxidation reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction, and the hydrogen peroxide formation reaction at the anodic side. We establish a first feedback between the evolution of structural properties of the membrane and its transport parameters (i.e., proton conductivity) for a fully humidified fuel cell. We assess the influence of the chemical membrane degradation on the cell performance and on macroscopic properties of the membrane (i.e., sulfonate site concentration).
Cubic Lipid−Water Phase Dispersed into Submicron Particles (1996)

The formation of dispersed colloidal particles of a bilayer cubic phase is demonstrated and discussed in relation to the phase behavior of the components used. Examination by means of cryotransmission electron microscopy reveals submicron particles of faceted morphology, showing an inner texture compatible with the expected periodicity from the QII(P) structure.
A phase 1 dose escalation study of the <i>IDH1</i>m inhibitor, FT-2102, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). (2018)

7009 Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations (IDH1m) occur in 7-14% of AML patients (pts) and 3% of MDS pts. FT-2102 is a highly potent, selective small molecule inhibitor of IDH1m without anticipated CYP or QTc liabilities at the recommended phase 2 dose. Methods: A Phase 1/2 study was initiated to evaluate the safety, PK/PD, and clinical activity of FT-2102 alone or in combination with azacitidine (AZA) or cytarabine in IDH1m AML/MDS pts. Safety for all pts and efficacy for evaluable pts are reported. Results: At the data cutoff, 35 pts with a median of 2 prior regimens (range 1-9) had received FT-2102 in dose-escalation, including 22 single-agent (SA) and 13 AZA combination (CO) pts. Sixteen pts remain on treatment (SA, n = 10; CO, n = 6) with a median of 2 treatment cycles (range 1-16); 4 pts discontinued for transplant. FT-2102 has been well tolerated both as SA and in combination with AZA. Overall, regardless of causality, most treatment emergent AEs (TEAEs) were grade (gr) 1/2; most common ( > 20%) TEAEs were fatigue (34%), nausea (29%), and febrile neutropenia (23%). The most common ( > 15%) gr 3/4 TEAEs were febrile neutropenia (23%), anemia (20%), and pneumonia (17%). Five (14%) pts had gr 3 differentiation syndrome that was manageable and did not result in discontinuation. Steady-state exposure that exceeded the target IC90 of IDH1m was achieved at 150 mg BID, resulting in a reduction of 2-HG to normal levels in the majority of pts. Best response in all evaluable SA pts (n = 16) included: 2 (13%) complete remissions (CR), 4 (25%) complete remissions with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), and 5 (31%) clinical benefit (CB; stable disease lasting ≥8 weeks), including 2 with > 50% reduction of marrow blasts (MB). Best response in evaluable CO pts (n = 11) included: 2 (18%) CR, 1 (9%) CRi, and 5 (45%) CB, including 2 with > 50% reduction of MB. Conclusions: FT-2102 has shown favorable safety, PK/PD, and clinical activity in IDH1m AML/MDS with a single agent complete response rate (CR/CRi) of 38% and a complete response rate of 27% in combination with AZA. Current data support the continued evaluation of 150 mg BID in the expansion and Phase 2 stages of the study. Clinical trial information: NCT02719574.
A network flow algorithm to minimize beam‐on time for unconstrained multileaf collimator problems in cancer radiation therapy (2004)

Abstract In this article, we study the modulation of intensity matrices arising in cancer radiation therapy using multileaf collimators. This problem can be formulated by decomposing a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices with the strict consecutive 1's property in rows. We consider a special case in which no technical constraints have to be taken into account. In this situation, the rows of the intensity matrix are independent of each other and the problem is equivalent to decomposing m intensity rows—independent of each other—into positive linear combinations of (0, 1) rows with the consecutive 1's property. We demonstrate that this problem can be transformed into a minimum cost flow problem in a directed network that has the following special structures: (1) the network is acyclic; (2) it is a complete graph (that is, there is an arc ( i , j ) whenever i < j ); (3) each arc cost is 1; and (4) each arc is uncapacitated (that is, it has infinite capacity). We show that using this special structure, the minimum cost flow problem can be solved in O( n ) time. Because we need to solve m such problems, the total running time of our algorithm is O( nm ), which is an optimal algorithm to decompose a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(1), 36–41 2005
Prediction of protein-protein interactions using distant conservation of sequence patterns and structure relationships (2005)

We have obtained a large amount of putative protein-protein interaction (approximately 130,000). The list is independent from other techniques both experimental and theoretical. We separated the list of predictions into three sets according to their relationship with known interacting proteins found in DIP. For each set, only a small fraction of the predicted protein pairs could be independently validated by cross checking with the Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD). The fraction of validated protein pairs was always larger than that expected by using random protein pairs. Furthermore, a correlation map of interacting protein pairs was calculated with respect to molecular function, as defined in the Gene Ontology database. It shows good consistency of the predicted interactions with data in the HPRD database. The intersection between the lists of interactions of other methods and ours produces a network of potentially high-confidence interactions.
Multiple viral mutations rather than host factors cause defective measles virus gene expression in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cell line (1988)

A measles virus (MV) genome originally derived from brain cells of a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient expressed in IP-3-Ca cells an unstable MV matrix protein and was unable to produce virus particles. Transfection of this MV genome into other cell lines did not relieve these defects, showing that they are ultimately encoded by viral mutations. However, these defects were partially relieved in a weakly infectious virus which emerged from IP-3-Ca cells and which produced a matrix protein of intermediate stability. The sequences of several cDNAs related to the unstable and intermediately stable matrix proteins showed many differences in comparison with a stable matrix protein sequence and even appreciable heterogeneity among themselves. Nevertheless, partial restoration of matrix protein stability could be ascribed to a single additional amino acid change. From an examination of additional genes, we estimated that, on average, each MV genome in IP-3-Ca cells differs from the others in 30 to 40 of its 16,000 bases. The role of extreme variability of RNA virus genomes in persistent viral infections is discussed in the context of the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and of other human diseases of suspected viral etiology.
Neural control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, hypertrophy, and atrophy (1991)

Cette revue discute la morphologie et l'innervation du tissu adipeux brun (BAT), le controle nerveux de la thermogenese et de l'hypertrophie/atrophie du BAT, et considere les influences physiologique, genetique et pharmacologique sur le controle nerveux du BAT
High Efficiency Transformation of<i>Bacillus brevis</i>by Electroporation (1997)

Various conditions in the Bacillus brevis transformation by electroporation were investigated to increase the efficiency. Competent cell volume and presence of polyethylene glycol 6000 and single stranded DNA on pulsing were critical for the efficiency. As a result, we established the improved method by which 10(7)-10(8) transformants/microgram plasmid DNA could be obtained.
Big data modeling to predict platelet usage and minimize wastage in a tertiary care system (2017)

Maintaining a robust blood product supply is an essential requirement to guarantee optimal patient care in modern health care systems. However, daily blood product use is difficult to anticipate. Platelet products are the most variable in daily usage, have short shelf lives, and are also the most expensive to produce, test, and store. Due to the combination of absolute need, uncertain daily demand, and short shelf life, platelet products are frequently wasted due to expiration. Our aim is to build and validate a statistical model to forecast future platelet demand and thereby reduce wastage. We have investigated platelet usage patterns at our institution, and specifically interrogated the relationship between platelet usage and aggregated hospital-wide patient data over a recent consecutive 29-mo period. Using a convex statistical formulation, we have found that platelet usage is highly dependent on weekday/weekend pattern, number of patients with various abnormal complete blood count measurements, and location-specific hospital census data. We incorporated these relationships in a mathematical model to guide collection and ordering strategy. This model minimizes waste due to expiration while avoiding shortages; the number of remaining platelet units at the end of any day stays above 10 in our model during the same period. Compared with historical expiration rates during the same period, our model reduces the expiration rate from 10.5 to 3.2%. Extrapolating our results to the ∼2 million units of platelets transfused annually within the United States, if implemented successfully, our model can potentially save ∼80 million dollars in health care costs.
Comparison of Clindamycin, Rifampin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole, and Penicillin for Efficacy in Prevention of Experimental Gas Gangrene Due to Clostridium perfringens (1987)

Gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in spite of penicillin treatment. Although prompt surgical debridement has been established as the primary therapeutic objective, additional studies are needed for determination of the optimal antimicrobial therapy. In a mouse model of gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens, clindamycin, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline were all more efficacious than penicillin (P less than .05). Survival of penicillin-treated mice was not significantly better than that of untreated controls in spite of serum levels that ranged up to 77-1,800 micrograms/ml. Responses to metronidazole were highly dose dependent. For example, 60% of mice survived after 75 mg of metronidazole/kg, but only 10% survived after 19 mg/kg. In contrast, clindamycin was highly effective over a broad dosing range (8.6-86 mg/kg). The efficacy of all antibiotics was reduced if treatment was delayed or larger inocula of bacteria were used.
Post-vasectomy autoimmunity to protamines in relation to the formation of granulomas and sperm agglutinating antibodies. (1978)

The development of antibodies reacting with nuclear antigens was studied in sera from vasectomized men and monkeys (obtained at intervals of up to 2 and 4 years, respectively, after the operation), by means of a comparative fluorescence study on swollen nuclei of somatic cells, human and salmon spermatozoa. About 30% of forty-seven vasectomized men developed antibodies to protamines. Also four out of fifteen monkeys, vasectomized with or without ligation, developed antibodies reacting with protamines. In general, when antibodies to the homologous protamines reached higher levels, cross-reactions with salmon protamine could be demonstrated as well. No significant reactions could be detected with somatic nuclear antigens in the sera. Comparison between the results obtained with the immunofluorescence test, the agglutination tests and the clinical findings confirmed the association between the development of immune responses to various sperm-antigens and revealed a coherence of anti-protamine activity and granuloma formation at the site of the operation.
Instrument-assisted cross fiber massage increases tissue perfusion and alters microvascular morphology in the vicinity of healing knee ligaments (2013)

These findings suggest IACFM alters regional perfusion and vascularity in the vicinity of healing rodent knee MCL injuries. This effect may contribute to the beneficial effect of IACFM observed on the recovery of knee ligament biomechanical properties following injury.
Cxcr4 regulation of interneuron migration is disrupted in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2012)

Interneurons are thought to be a primary pathogenic target for several behavioral disorders that arise during development, including schizophrenia and autism. It is not known, however, whether genetic lesions associated with these diseases disrupt established molecular mechanisms of interneuron development. We found that diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage-the primary genetic lesion in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS)-specifically compromises the distribution of early-generated parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the Large Deletion (LgDel) 22q11.2DS mouse model. This change reflects cell-autonomous disruption of interneuron migration caused by altered expression of the cytokine C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (Cxcr4), an established regulator of this process. Cxcr4 is specifically reduced in LgDel migrating interneurons, and genetic analysis confirms that diminished Cxcr4 alters interneuron migration in LgDel mice. Thus, diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage disrupts cortical circuit development by modifying a critical molecular signaling pathway via Cxcr4 that regulates cortical interneuron migration and placement.
Five-membered Heterocyclic Thiones. Part I. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-thione (1972)

1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-thione was prepared by decarboxylation of the corresponding 5-carboxylic acid. Spectral data supported the predominant, if not exclusive, existence of the thione form in solution.
<title>Description and matching of density variation for personal identification through facial images</title> (1990)

The feasibility of using isodensity lines for a human face identification system is demonstrated through experi-mental investigation. Instead of using feature points extracted from the faces, as is done in the conventional matchingsystem, the technique presented uses gray level isodensity lines of the faces By comparing the shape of isodensitylines, people can be identified. The identification technique proposed has the following advantages over conventional
Effect of monoclonal antibodies specific for the 28-kDa subunit on catalytic properties of the calpains. (1993)

Nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the 28-kDa subunit common to mu- and m-calpains have been assayed for their effects on mu- and m-calpains. All nine react with the COOH-terminal part (domain VI) of the 28-kDa subunit, and all nine affect the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis of m-calpain, but have little effect on the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis of mu-calpain. None of the nine affect the specific proteolytic activity of mu- or m-calpain. Two of the mAbs, 5B9 and 5B3, were selected for further study. mAb 5B9 decreased the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis to one-fifth of that required in its absence; sequencing of chymotryptic fragments showed that the epitope for mAb 5B9 is between amino acid residues 92 and 104 of the 28-kDa subunit. mAb 5B3 increased the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis; the epitope for mAb 5B3 is located between amino acid residues 148 and 178 of the 28-kDa subunit, which is the region that contains the first EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding sequence in this subunit. Although it increases the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis, mAb 5B3 has no effect on the Ca2+ concentration required for proteolytic activity of m-calpain, and unautolyzed m-calpain is not a proenzyme. That all nine mAbs react with domain VI and not with the NH2-terminal domain V of the 28-kDa subunit suggests that domain VI (and not domain V) is involved in autolysis, contrary to the view that phosphatidylinositol lowers the Ca2+ concentration required for autolysis by binding to domain V.
Photovoltaic-reliability R&D toward a solar-powered world (2009)

Paper about the importance of continued progress toward low-cost, high-reliability, and high-performance PV systems. High reliability is an essential element in achieving low-cost solar electricity.
Elasticity of Single Polyelectrolyte Chains and Their Desorption from Solid Supports Studied by AFM Based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (2001)

AFM based single molecule force spectroscopy was used for the investigation of single polyelectrolyte chains. Namely, the elasticity of polyvinylamine chains and their desorption from solid surfaces was studied as a function of the polymer's charge density and electrolyte concentration. Experimental force−distance profiles were fitted by the wormlike chain model, including elastic contributions arising from the stretching of bond angles and covalent bonds. It was found that, under the high stretching forces which can be applied in the AFM experiments, the bending rigidity of polyelectrolyte chains (as described by the persistence length) is significantly lower than predicted by Odijk−Skolnick−Fixman (OSF) theory. Furthermore, the desorption force of single physisorbed polymer chains from negatively charged silica surfaces was determined. In addition to the electrostatic interaction between polymer and substrate, which depends linearly on the Debye screening length and the polymer's line charge density, a constant nonelectrostatic contribution to the desorption force was observed.
Client Subnet in DNS Requests (2013)

This draft defines an EDNS0 extension to carry information about the
network that originated a DNS query, and the network for which the
subsequent reply can be cached. IESG Note [RFC Editor: Please remove
this note prior to publication ] This informational document describes
an existing, implemented and deployed system. It was originally going
to be an Experimental document, but is now detailing a deployed
system.
Trapped Charge Distribution during the P/E Cycling of SONOS Memory (2006)

Two phases during the P/E cycling of 0.18mum SONOS are observed using a combined charge pumping method to extract the trapped charge distribution: holes accumulation at the initial term, and electrons accumulation after long term cycling. Better endurance characteristic is obtained through optimization to P/E condition and process technology
Antimicrobial Actions of Degraded and Native Chitosan against Spoilage Organisms in Laboratory Media and Foods (2000)

The objective of this study was to determine whether chitosan (poly-beta-1,4-glucosamine) and hydrolysates of chitosan can be used as novel preservatives in foods. Chitosan was hydrolyzed by using oxidative-reductive degradation, crude papaya latex, and lysozyme. Mild hydrolysis of chitosan resulted in improved microbial inactivation in saline and greater inhibition of growth of several spoilage yeasts in laboratory media, but highly degraded products of chitosan exhibited no antimicrobial activity. In pasteurized apple-elderflower juice stored at 7 degrees C, addition of 0.3 g of chitosan per liter eliminated yeasts entirely for the duration of the experiment (13 days), while the total counts and the lactic acid bacterial counts increased at a slower rate than they increased in the control. Addition of 0.3 or 1.0 g of chitosan per kg had no effect on the microbial flora of hummus, a chickpea dip; in the presence of 5.0 g of chitosan per kg, bacterial growth but not yeast growth was substantially reduced compared with growth in control dip stored at 7 degrees C for 6 days. Improved antimicrobial potency of chitosan hydrolysates like that observed in the saline and laboratory medium experiments was not observed in juice and dip experiments. We concluded that native chitosan has potential for use as a preservative in certain types of food but that the increase in antimicrobial activity that occurs following partial hydrolysis is too small to justify the extra processing involved.
Continuous operation of GaAs–Ga1 − <i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As double-heterostructure lasers with 30 °C half-lives exceeding 1000 h (1973)

This paper reports the first continuous operation of GaAs–Ga1 − xAlxAs double-heterostructure (DH) junction lasers for periods of time in excess of 1000 h in a 30 °C ambient. One laser which has operated at a constant direct current for more than 1000 h has degraded only 10% from its initial 20-mW light output. At 1000 h, the differential quantum efficiency remained essentially unchanged, but the threshold and the mode structure changed appreciably.