gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical control in intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with carbene complexes as ester synthons (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical control in intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with carbene complexes as ester synthonsWilliam D. Wulff and Timothy S. PowersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 9, 2381–2393Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00061a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00061a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Planar geometry thin-film all-optical programmable switch (1996)

We describe an all-optical programmable switch that can perform logic gate functions. This switch consists of a planar geometry germanium-doped silica waveguide, a Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser, and the means of coupling laser light into different waveguiding modes of the thin film at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. By the application of the appropriate optical programming sequence, the film-generated second-harmonic light can be made to perform the functionalities of various gates. In particular, a single waveguide was optically programmed to perform the Or function and was then made to perform the And function with little change to the experimental arrangement.
Adaptive language modeling for word prediction (2008)

We present the development and tuning of a topic-adapted language model for word prediction, which improves keystroke savings over a comparable baseline. We outline our plans to develop and integrate style adaptations, building on our experience in topic modeling to dynamically tune the model to both topically and stylistically relevant texts.
Zero delay clocking system in GHz frequency regime using CRLH metamaterial structure (2012)

In a multilayer structure of Integrated Circuit (IC) chips, clock signals are distributed through intermediate/global interconnects of clock tree network. These metal lines are very thin and offer high resistance and capacitive loading to the propagating electrical signals resulting in interconnect delay. This has significant impact on the propagation of clock signals, especially in GHz regime. In this work, we propose a Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) system augmenting the long metal interconnect line to reduce/remove the delay in the propagation of the clock signals. The CRLH system is shown to have minimum signal reflection at its resonant frequency and this feature is used for the transmission of high speed clock signals.We have designed a CRLH structure to resonate at 10 GHz. Simulation results show that when the clock signals are transmitted through interconnect-CRLH-interconnect system at this frequency, the propagation delay reduces almost to zero.
EFFECTS OF FOLIAGE DENSITY AND GROUND SPEED ON ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF CITRUS TREE VOLUME (2004)

Ultrasonic sensors can be used to quantify and map tree canopy volume, which is useful for planning site-specificmanagement practices within a grove and estimating crop yield. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of thecanopy foliage density and ground speed on the performance of the Durand-Wayland ultrasonic system in tree volumemeasurement. Fifteen densely foliated (dense) and 15 partially defoliated (light) citrus trees were scanned from both sidesat three ground speeds in three replications. The measurements were compared to those calculated from manual measurementsof the tree dimensions. The difference between ultrasonic and manual volumes was used to evaluate the performance of theultrasonic system.<br><br>The difference between ultrasonic and manual volumes ranged from 17.3% to 28.71% at the 95% confidence level. Ninetyfive percent of the ultrasonic measurements were repeatable within 12.7% to 30.9% of the manual volume. Canopy foliagedensity had significant effect on ultrasonic measurements of canopy volume. The volume difference was higher in light thandense trees. There was no significant effect of ground speed (1.6 to 4.7 km/h) on ultrasonic volume measurements. Variabilityof the measurements in partially defoliated canopies increased as ground speed increased. There was a significant differencebetween the volumes of two sides of the trees.
Electrospinning and characterization of polyamide 66 nanofibers with different molecular weights (2009)

Polyamide 66 (PA66) nanofibers of different molecular weights were obtained by electrospinning of formic acid solutions. An ionic salt, NaCl, was also added to the solutions to increase the conductivity. PA66 concentrations between 15-17 wt.(%)/v and electrical fields between 2.0 and 2.5 kV/cm were the best conditions to produce the smallest nanofibers; however, the addition of NaCl increased the fibers average diameters.The characterization of the fibers was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X rays diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR). As the molecular weight decreased, the nanofibers average diameters also decreased; however, critical number average and weight average molecular weights were necessary for electrospinning. As the amounts of carboxyl terminal groups (CTG) increased, the nanofibers average diameters decreased; however, above CTG's critical values of 8.7 x 10-5 mol.g-1 no electrospinning was possible. The addition of ionic salt increased the electrical conductivity of the solutions and increased the nanofibers' average diameters. By DSC, residual solvent in all the electrospun mats was found; two melting endotherms, one between 248 and 258 °C and the other one between 258 and 267 °C, depending on the sample were also observed. These endotherms were attributed to the melting, re-crystallization and re-melting of the PA66 α-phase. The nanofibers had low % of crystallinity compared to a textile fiber. By WAXS and FTIR, confirmation of the presence of α-phase crystals, of small dimensions and highly imperfect and of a very small amount of β and γ-phases crystals in the nanofibers structure was obtained.
MÁS DE 30 UNIVERSIDADES CONSTITUYEN ASOCIACIÓN DE ÓRGANOS DE CONTROL Y VIGILANCIA (2000)

LA UNAM Y 30 UNIVERSIDADES DE LA REPUBLICA MEXICANA CONSTITUYERON RECIENTEMENTE LA ASOCIACION MEXICANA DE ORGANOS DE CONTROL Y VIGILANCIA EN INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR, AC, CON EL FIN DE EFECTUAR AN LISIS Y REALIZAR ASESORIAS QUE REFUERCEN LA CREDIBILIDAD DE LA GESTION ADMINISTRATIVA EN LA COMUNIDAD UNIVERSITARIA Y EN LA SOCIEDAD EN GENERAL. EL OBJETIVO ES COADYUVAR A LA PROFESIONALIZACION DE LAS INSTANCIAS DE CONTROL Y SUPERVISION DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR DEL PAIS, TANTO PUBLICAS COMO PRIVADAS. DURANTE LA ASAMBLEA CONSTITUTIVA SE DESIGNO PRESIDENTE DE LA NUEVA ASOCIACION AL AUDITOR INTERNO DE LA UNAM, CP GUILLERMO JIMENEZ HERN NDEZ. EL CONSEJO DIRECTIVO PARA EL PERIODO 2000-2002 LO INTEGRAN TAMBIEN: JORGE A. GARCIA G LVEZ, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA, VICEPRESIDENTE; ALFONSO ESPARZA ORTIZ, DE LA BENEMERITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE PUEBLA, SECRETARIO; JORGE A. HUERTA V ZQUEZ, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA, TESORERO, Y JORGE AVALOS LEMUS, DEL INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL, COORDINADOR DE COMISIONES. LA ASOCIACION TENDR  SU DOMICILIO EN LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO Y SESIONAR  EN LAS DIVERSAS SEDES DE SUS MIEMBROS, EN TODA LA REPUBLICA.
Performance of partial reconfiguration in FPGA systems (2011)

Fine-grain reconfigurable devices suffer from the time needed to load the configuration bitstream. Even for small bitstreams in partially reconfigurable FPGAs this time cannot be neglected. In this article we survey the performance of the factors that contribute to the reconfiguration speed. Then, we study an FPGA-based system architecture and with real experiments we produce a cost model of Partial Reconfiguration (PR). This model is introduced to calculate the expected reconfiguration time and throughput. In order to develop a realistic model we take into account all the physical components that participate in the reconfiguration process. We analyze the parameters that affect the generality of the model and the adjustments needed per system for error-free evaluation. We verify it with real measurements, and then we employ it to evaluate existing systems presented in previous publications. The percentage error of the cost model when comparing its results with the actual values of those publications varies from 36% to 63%, whereas existing works report differences up to two orders of magnitude. Present work enables a user to evaluate PR and decide whether it is suitable for a certain application prior entering the complex PR design flow.
Clomipramine Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1980)

The effect of clomipramine hydrochloride in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was compared with that of nortriptyline hydrochloride and placebo in a five-week randomized, double-blind trial. Clomipramine, but not nortriptyline, was superior to placebo in interview-based ratings of severity of OCD. The effect was not clear-cut until after five weeks of treatment. When clomipramine was given openly to 22 patients after the end of the controlled trial, half of the patients responded to the drug. The response could not be predicted from severity or duration of illness, sex or age of the patient, or presence or absence of secondary depressive symptoms. The amelioration with clomipramine was not sustained if the drug was withdrawn.
Algorithm-Agnostic Explainability for Unsupervised Clustering (2021)

Supervised machine learning explainability has developed rapidly in recent years. However, clustering explainability has lagged behind. Here, we demonstrate the first adaptation of model-agnostic explainability methods to explain unsupervised clustering. We present two novel "algorithm-agnostic" explainability methods - global permutation percent change (G2PC) and local perturbation percent change (L2PC) - that identify feature importance globally to a clustering algorithm and locally to the clustering of individual samples. The methods are (1) easy to implement and (2) broadly applicable across clustering algorithms, which could make them highly impactful. We demonstrate the utility of the methods for explaining five popular clustering methods on low-dimensional synthetic datasets and on high-dimensional functional network connectivity data extracted from a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset of 151 individuals with schizophrenia and 160 controls. Our results are consistent with existing literature while also shedding new light on how changes in brain connectivity may lead to schizophrenia symptoms. We further compare the explanations from our methods to an interpretable classifier and find them to be highly similar. Our proposed methods robustly explain multiple clustering algorithms and could facilitate new insights into many applications. We hope this study will greatly accelerate the development of the field of clustering explainability.
Phenolic antioxidants for carotene (1951)

Summary Relative values for the carotene‐stabilizing effects in mineral oil solutions of a number of phenolic‐type antioxidants were determined. Certain relationships between molecular structure and antioxidant activity were observed. Alkylation of the phenolic compounds in general enhanced activity. Hydroquinone was shown to be an exception in the system studied. Several antioxidants which have been accepted for use in lard have been found to be effective antioxidants for carotene in mineral oil solution. These include nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 2‐t‐butyl‐4‐methoxyphenol, alpha tocopherol, and esters of gallic acid. In addition, certain bisphenols used as anthelmintics were effective antioxidants for carotene.
Interoperability from Electronic Commerce to Litigation Using XML Rules (2006)

We used the XML Rule system, earlier described in 7, 14, and 16, to simulate litigation arising from electronic commerce in a purchase order situation. This work is distinguished by using XML documents that comply with standards, especially those from OASIS.
Integrated SHF Converter Formed on a Single Teflon-Fiberglas Substrate (1980)

We have successfully developed a high performance SHF TV converter which converts 12 GHz incoming signal down to UHF TV band.
Hoverflow (2009)

By equipping a mobile device with distance sensing capabilities, we aim to expand the interaction possibilities of mobile and wearable devices beyond the confines of the physical device itself to include the space immediately around it. Our prototype, an Apple iPhone equipped with six IR distance sensors, allows for rich 3D input, comprising coarse movement-based hand gestures, as well as static position-based gestures. A demonstration application, HoverFlow, illustrates the use of coarse hand gestures for interaction with mobile applications. This type of interaction, which we call Around-Device Interaction (ADI) has the potential to help to solve occlusion problems on small-screen mobile devices and scales well to small device sizes.
Dog Allergen (Can f 1) And Cat Allergen (Fel d 1) in US Homes: Results From the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing (2005)

Arbes SJ Jr, Cohn RD, Yin M, Muilenberg ML, Friedman W, Zeldin DC. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2004;114:111–117 

To estimate the levels of dog and cat allergens in US homes and provide the characteristics of households associated with these allergens.

A total of 2456 individuals from 831 permanently occupied, noninstitutional housing units in 75 US locations that permit resident children.

Data for this study were obtained from the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1998 to 1999. Vacuum-collected dust samples from a bedroom floor, bed, living room floor, living room sofa, or equivalent …
A Motivational Example for the Numerical Solution of Two-Point Boundary-Value Problems (1995)

This paper presents an example of a two-point boundary-value problem which can be used to motivate the study of numerical techniques for solving such problems by undergraduates. The problem is referred to as the putting problem and illustrates the shooting method for two-point boundary-value problems. The differential equations are developed and numerical results are given.
The (146,147)Sm-(142,143)Nd systematics of early terrestrial differentiation and the lost continents of the early Earth (1992)

The very early history of the Earth has been one of the great enduring puzzles in the history of geology. We report evidence which clearly can be described as a vestige of a beginning, because the evidence that we report cannot be interpreted in any other way except as a geochemical signal of processes active in the very early history of the Earth. The evidence itself is a very small anomaly in the abundance of SM-146. The primary aims of this study were to: (1) verify the existence of the 'lost continents' of the Hadean era; and (2) determine their mean age.
Extraction separation of No-carrier-added astatine from bismuth target (2003)

Summary Alpha particle activation of natural Bi 2 O 3 results in the formation of astatine radionuclides. A simple and rapid separation method of astatine is presented from the bulk target matrix bismuth by employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) method using methylisobutylketone (MIBK) and hydrochloric acid. Back extraction of astatine was performed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution at pH 10.
Direct Conversion of Arylamines to the Halides by Deamination with Thionitrite or Related Compounds and Anhydrous Copper(II) Halides (1980)

Abstract Reactions of various arylamines with either t-butyl thionitrite, t-butyl thionitrate, or p-toluenesulfonyl nitrite in the presence of anhydrous copper(II) halides under mild conditions gave corresponding aryl halides in good yields. This reaction in the presence of such olefins as acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylic acid gave the corresponding 2-aryl-1-haloethanes as the main products. t-Butyl thionitrite, t-butyl thionitrate, and p-toluenesulfonyl nitrite were found to be better deaminative reagents than alkyl nitrites or alkyl nitrates due to their weak sulfur–nitrogen bonds.
Suppression of atrial fibrillation by multisite and septal pacing in a novel experimental model (2002)

In this novel experimental model, quadruple-site and septal pacing effectively suppress paroxysmal AF.
Angeli z glasbili v Mirni na Dolenjskem (1969)

Angeli z glasbili v Mirni na Dolenjskem
Detection of false data injection attacks against state estimation in smart grids based on a mixture Gaussian distribution learning method (2017)

One of the most addressed attacks in power networks is false data injection (FDI) which affects monitoring, fault detection, and state estimation integrity by tampering measurement data. To detect such devastating attack, the authors propose a statistical anomaly detection approach based on Gaussian mixture model, while some appropriate machine learning approaches are evaluated for detecting FDI. It should be noted that a finite mixture model is a convex combination of some probability density functions and combining the properties of several probability functions, making the mixture models capable of approximating any arbitrary distribution. Simulations results confirm superior performance of the proposed method over conventional bad data detection (BDD) tests and other learning approaches that studied in this article. It should be noted that using data which change significantly over a day can be highly clustered, and therefore, detected much easier compared with small changes in the loads. So without loss of generality, in the simulations it is assumed that the power demand follows a uniform distribution in a small range. However, the detector can be trained regularly based on the updated load profile.
Recent advances in observer performance methodology: jackknife free-response ROC (JAFROC) (2005)

The jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) method allows quantitative analysis of observer data such as that observed when radiologists interpret images, which could contain more than one lesion and a location can be reported for each perceived lesion. The method was recently validated with a perception-based simulation model that incorporated the detectability parameter of the standard binormal ROC model, and in addition allowed simultaneous samples from both noise and signal distributions. The total number of noise samples is an important new parameter that measures reader expertise. The new sampling model incorporates search, which is an integral part of lesion detection that has not been possible to model until now. The model was used to generate simulated FROC ratings data, which was used to assess the statistical validity of JAFROC analysis. We found that JAFROC analysis is a statistically valid approach for analysing FROC data and that JAFROC analysis exhibited significantly greater statistical power than the existing ROC approach.
Pulsed Ferrimagnetic Microwave Generator (1960)

The idea of making a solid-state generator using a ferrimagnetic material to convert energy from a pulsed dc magnetic field into microwave radiation has been studied by several workers. Recent theoretical studies have disclosed serious basic problems for such devices. This paper describes initial experiments on a device which avoids the principal difficulties. It uses an rf input signal together with a pulsed dc magnetic field to generate microwave pulses at a frequency higher than the input frequency. An input signal at 2.4 kMc/sec and a pulsed magnetic field of 150 gauss were used to generate a pulsed output signal at 2.8 kMc/sec.
Resolutions to difficulties experienced in SSC cable fabrication during the initial scale-up period (1991)

A prototype high-speed cable machine for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) has produced the majority of the cable needed for the SSC Dipole Program. However, several cabling difficulties were experienced that were not seen previously. These difficulties were due to new techniques and equipment relating to the high-speed production of cable meeting SSC specifications. These difficulties included mandrel alignment, Turk's-head roller alignment, and Turk's-head drive equipment. The solution to these problems is discussed. By modifying the Turk's head, it is possible to manufacture SSC cable to the current specifications without defects.
Effect of Hybrid Steel‐Basalt Fiber on Behaviors of Manufactured Sand RPC and Fiber Content Optimization Using Center Composite Design (2020)

The mechanical properties and workability of manufactured sand reactive powder concrete (RPC) mixed with steel and basalt fibers were studied using the response surface method. The central composite design was used to explore the 7‐day and 28‐day compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability of different amounts of mixed fiber‐manufactured sand RPC. Results showed that when the steel fiber content was less than 2.5%, mixing basalt fibers can significantly improve the flexural strength and flexural‐compressive ratio of RPC. The relationship equations of the two fibers with the 28‐day compressive strength, flexural strength, and flexural‐compressive ratio of the manufactured sand RPC were obtained through the response surface model. The model proved to be reliable according to the analysis of variance. The content of the two fibers was optimized by multiobjective optimization technology, and the optimal content of the mixed fiber‐manufactured sand RPC under standard curing conditions was verified.
OptORF: Optimal metabolic and regulatory perturbations for metabolic engineering of microbial strains (2010)

By taking regulatory effects into account, OptORF can propose changes such as the overexpression of metabolic genes or deletion of transcriptional factors, in addition to the deletion of metabolic genes, that may lead to faster evolutionary trajectories. While biofuel production in E. coli is evaluated here, the developed OptORF approach is general and can be applied to optimize the production of different compounds in other biological systems.
Current Treatment of Metastatic Endometrial Cancer (2009)

While several treatment modalities are now available to treat patients who present with metastatic endometrial cancer, overall prognosis remains poor.