gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A computer vision process to detect and track space debris using ground-based optical telephoto images (2003)

Orbital debris travel at very high speeds in space. They pose a serious threat to the safety of both humans and machines in space and their number is ever increasing. Detecting and tracking orbital debris has been done primarily by radars in the past. A new approach is to detect and track orbital debris using optical telephoto images. This technique has the potential to detect debris of small sizes or of low radar reflectivities. This paper describes an approach which first extracts potential moving objects from two consecutive frames. Possible streak segments are then extracted from matching the two sets of potential moving objects in a 3-frame sequence. Lastly, consistent linear motions are extracted and reported over a longer observation period.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structures and vibrational and solid-state (CPMAS) NMR spectroscopic studies in the tris(triphenylphosphine)-copper(I) and -silver(I) formate systems (2000)

The complexes [Cu(PPh3)3O2CH]·HCO2H (1), [Cu(PPh3)3O2CH]·0.5EtOH (2), [Ag(PPh3)3O2CH]·HCO2H (3) and [Ag(PPh3)3O2CH] (4) have been prepared and studied by infrared and solid-state 13C and 31P cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of 1, 2 and 3 show increasing degrees of disorder, but all are shown to contain [M(PPh3)3O2CH] molecular units containing a four-coordinate metal centre with the three crystallographically independent PPh3 ligands occupying three of the coordination sites and the formate anion coordinated through one oxygen atom to the fourth site. The formic acid molecule in [Cu(PPh3)3O2CH]·HCO2H is hydrogen-bonded to the formate ion (O⋯O = 2.529(5) Å) to form an assembly that is best described as a biformate anion [H(HCO2)2]−. Unlike the corresponding silver(I) complex, [Cu(PPh3)3O2CH] is not stable in its unsolvated form; the loss of the solvent of crystallization results in conversion of the complex to [Cu(PPh3)2O2CH] and PPh3. Bands in the IR spectra due to the formate and formic acid groups are assigned, and these are consistent with the silver complexes having structures analogous to those of the corresponding copper complexes. The 13C CPMAS NMR spectra clearly resolve resonances from the formate and formic acid carbon atoms, while the 31P CPMAS NMR spectra exhibit complex, partially resolved multiplets arising from inequivalence of the phosphine ligands and the presence of 1J(M,31P) and 2J(31P,31P) scalar (or spin–spin) coupling. These spectra were interpreted with the aid of the 2D 31P CPCOSY technique.
Solubility of Metal Oxides in Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride (2006)

The solubility of 17 commonly available metal oxides in the elemental mass series Ti through Zn have been determined in three ionic liquids based on choline chloride. The hydrogen bond donors used were urea, malonic acid, and ethylene glycol. The results obtained are compared with aqueous solutions of HCl and NaCl. Some correlation is observed between the solubility in the deep eutectic solvents and that in aqueous solutions but some significant exceptions offer an opportunity for novel solvato-metallurgical processes.
An orthogonal projection-based approach for PAR reduction in OFDM (2002)

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of the transmitted signal is one of the limitations to using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This article presents a novel orthogonal projection-based partial transmit sequences approach that achieves significant PAR reduction at low redundancy. The proposed method is applicable to OFDM systems with a large number of subchannels. This study also for the first time provides geometrical interpretation to combining the well-known partial transmit sequences scheme.
The challenges of modern computing and new opportunities for optics (2021)

Abstract In recent years, the explosive development of artificial intelligence implementing by artificial neural networks (ANNs) creates inconceivable demands for computing hardware. However, conventional computing hardware based on electronic transistor and von Neumann architecture cannot satisfy such an inconceivable demand due to the unsustainability of Moore’s Law and the failure of Dennard’s scaling rules. Fortunately, analog optical computing offers an alternative way to release unprecedented computational capability to accelerate varies computing drained tasks. In this article, the challenges of the modern computing technologies and potential solutions are briefly explained in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the latest research progresses of analog optical computing are separated into three directions: vector/matrix manipulation, reservoir computing and photonic Ising machine. Each direction has been explicitly summarized and discussed. The last chapter explains the prospects and the new challenges of analog optical computing.
Prolonged Clinical Latency and Survival of Macaques Given a Whole Inactivated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine (1994)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is a useful and relevant model for evaluating candidate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines. One important feature of this model is that SIV vaccines can be evaluated for their ability to prevent infection as well as to prevent or delay the onset of AIDS. In the present study, a group of macaques was vaccinated with whole inactivated SIV and challenged with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an SIV-infected macaque. This challenge represented a rigorous and realistic test of the immunization protocol. All macaques became infected after challenge; however, immunized animals survived significantly longer (P < .03) than naive controls. These data suggest that similar vaccines administered to humans at risk for HIV-1 infection might delay or prevent AIDS even if the vaccine failed to prevent infection.
Müller cell changes precede photoreceptor cell degeneration in the age-related retinal degeneration of the Fischer 344 rat (1995)

Previously, we have used descriptive pathology and histomorphometry, as well as functional testing to characterize the age-related retinal degeneration in the Fischer 344 rat. These studies suggested an association between Müller cells and photoreceptor cells in this process. The purpose of the present study was to further investigate the respective roles of these cell types in the development and progression of the retinal degeneration. Retinas from male Fischer 344 rats aged 3-24 months were first studied by light and electron microscopy. Since Müller cells abundantly express GFAP during pathological states, GFAP content was studied by immunocytochemistry and by immunoblotting following one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Microscopically, at 12 months, Müller cells showed a gradient of immunoreactivity for GFAP that was minimal in the central retina, positive for their radial processes in the equator, and abundantly expressed in the periphery. At this age, the photoreceptor cells were just beginning to degenerate in the far periphery, while they appeared healthy in the equatorial and central regions. By 24 months, Müller cell hypertrophy was seen in the peripheral regions where photoreceptor cell degeneration was most severe, while the immunoreactivity of the Müller cell processes spread further toward the central regions, ahead of the degeneration of the photoreceptor cells. Thus, Müller cell changes actually preceded photoreceptor degeneration in time and location. This phenomenon was confirmed by measurement of GFAP after one- and two-dimensional PAGE. These findings show that Müller cell changes precede chronic photoreceptor cell degeneration in the aging Fischer 344 rat and are consistent with the hypothesis that Müller cell alteration may be the primary mechanism of this age-related retinal degeneration.
Missense mutations in exon 5 of the human lipoprotein lipase gene. Inactivation correlates with loss of dimerization. (1992)

Most missense mutations of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene identified among LPL-deficient subjects cluster in a segment of the sequence that encodes the catalytic triad as well as functional elements involved in the activation of the lipase at lipid-water interfaces. Consequently, loss of activity may result either from direct alterations of such functional elements or from less specific effects on protein folding and stability. This issue was addressed by examining biochemical properties of four such variants (A176T, G188E, G195E, and S244T) in a heterologous expression system (COS-1 cells). Variant G195E (GGA----GAA) was previously unreported. In all instances, inactive enzyme was recovered in medium, albeit at reduced levels. Cellular synthesis and extracellular degradation were similar to those for wild type, suggesting that reduced secretion resulted from increased intracellular degradation. When cell extracts were subjected to heparin-Superose affinity chromatography followed by elution on a linear salt gradient, all variants exhibited a single, inactive, low affinity immunoreactive peak. By contrast, wild-type enzyme presented an additional, high affinity, active species, which we interpret as homodimeric enzyme. Substitution of the active-site serine (S132A) led to loss of activity but maintenance of the high affinity species. When large amounts of the G188E variant were applied to the column, small but significant amounts of high affinity, active enzyme were recovered. Systematic substitutions at residue 188 showed that only glycine could accommodate structural constraints at this position. We conclude that the mutations examined did not impart lipase deficiency by affecting specific functional elements of the enzyme. Rather, they appear to affect protein folding and stability, and thereby formation and maintenance of subunit assembly.
A WSN smart medication system (2010)

In this work, a smart medication system, which employs the wireless sensing network (WSN) technologies, is designed, implemented and demonstrated. The primary functions of the system include the medication reminder and tracking for the patients with chronic diseases. The system can be easily deployed in a nursing home which accommodates many elderly people. Each system consists of a master panel (MP) and seven portable smart pill-boxes (SPB). The MP serves as a network gateway/database for its own smart pillboxes. Each SPB independently provides the functions of medication reminder and monitoring for patients. The routing network among the MPs is constructed using the tree topology. The star topology is used for the communication between each MP and its own seven SPBs. Moreover, by using magnetic sensors, a mechanism is proposed for detecting the existence of pills in a SPB.
Identification and quantitation of urinary dicarboxylic acids as their dicyclohexyl esters in disease states by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1979)

Clinical studies were conducted by gas chromatography mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring of urinary dicarboxylic acids as dicyclohexyl esters. The dicyclohexyl esters of the dicarboxylic acids give characteristic electron impact mass spectra suitable for selected ion monitoring. The mass spectra exhibit a prominent acid + 1H ion and an (acid + 1H)-H2O ion for use as quantitating and confirming ions. The cyclohexyl esters are stable for days at room temperature and have excellent chromatographic properties. Dicarboxylic acid quantitation is performed within one hour using only 50 microliter of unpurified urine. A rapid method specifically for methylmalonic acid quantitation is described which has assisted physicians in the diagnosis of pernicious anemia and methylmalonic aciduria. This procedure is applicable for screening urinary organic acids for detection of inborn errors of metabolism. The detection of a child with elevated medium length dicarboxylic acids in the terminal urine specimen is reported. This condition, previously described as an inborn error, is attributed to a terminal event. Finally, an increase in urinary succinic acid paralleling putrescine levels is described during a response to cancer chemotherapy.
An Efficient Dynamic Optimization Method for Large Structures with Frequency Constraints (1994)

An efficient optimization procedure combining the frequency approximation technique and the component-mode synthesis method is proposed for the structural dynamic optimization of the large structures subject to prescribed natural frequency constraints. Frequency constraints are approximated by using the first-order sensitivities with respect to both design parameters and their reciprocals. The component-mode synthesis method proposed by the authors in Ref.[8] is used for the repetitive detail finite-element analysis and sensitivity analysis. The validity of the proposed optimization procedure is confirmed through the numerical implementation of some examples. The presented approximation technique requires much smaller number of repetitive analysis than that using the sensitivities with respect to design parameters only, and further improvement in the numerical efficiency is achieved by the adoption of the introduced component-mode synthesis.
High-resolution crosswell imaging of a West Texas carbonate reservoir; Part 1, Project summary and interpretation (1995)

Abstract A carbon dioxide flood pilot is being conducted in a section of Chevron's McElroy field in Crane County, west Texas. Prior to CO 2 injection, two high-frequency crosswell seismic profiles were recorded to investigate the use of seismic profiling for high-resolution reservoir delineation and CO 2 monitoring. These preinjection profiles provide the baseline for time-lapse monitoring. Profile was recorded between an injector well and an offset observation well at a nominal well-to-well distance of 184 ft (56 m). Profile was recorded between a producing well and the observation well at a nominal distance of 600 ft (183 m). The combination of traveltime tomography and stacked CDP reflection amplitudes demonstrates how high-frequency crosswell seismic data can be used to image both large and small scale heterogeneity between wells: Transmission traveltime tomography is used to image the large scale velocity variations; CDP reflection imaging is then used to image smaller scale impedance heterogeneities. The resolution capability of crosswell data is clearly illustrated by an image of the Grayburg-San Andres angular unconformity, seen in both the P-wave and S-wave velocity tomograms and the reflection images. In addition to the imaging study, cores from an observation well were analyzed to support interpretation of the crosswell images and assess the feasibility of monitoring changes in CO 2 saturation. The results of this integrated study demonstrate (1) the use of crosswell seismic profiling to produce a high-resolution reservoir delineation and (2) the possibility for successful monitoring of CO 2 in carbonate reservoirs. The crosswell data were acquired with a piezoelectric source and a multilevel hydrophone array. Both profiles, nearly 80 000 seismic traces, were recorded in approximately 80 hours using a new acquisition technique of shooting on-the-fly. This paper presents the overall project summary and interpretation of the results from the near-offset profile.
[Alterations in coagulation in patients during transplant conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. (2006)

Modified BU/CY +/- ATG conditioning regimen can induce subclinical alterations in coagulation. The regimen containing ATG has more significant effect on coagulation parameters.
Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from saliva (1993)

Helicobacter pylori was grown in low numbers from the saliva of one of nine patients who were positive for gastric H. pylori. The saliva-derived isolate from this patient was identical to the antral biopsy-derived isolate from the same patient and differed from isolates cultured from the antral biopsies of all other patients by soluble-protein electrophoresis, restriction endonuclease DNA analysis, and Southern blot hybridization. This is the first observation, to our knowledge, of the recovery of viable H. pylori from saliva.
A family with high-tone objective tinnitus (1971)

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TMC-a CMOS time to digital converter VLSI (1989)

A novel time-to-digital converter CMOS VLSI chip has been developed. The main components of this TMC are memories and delay lines (buffers in series). Low-power and high-density characteristics have been attained by a submicron CMOS process and a novel circuit scheme utilizing variable-delay elements with a feedback circuit. Test results of a prototype are described, with attention given to delay time, linearity, and stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La structure sociale de la noblesse dans le bailliage de Caen et ses modifications (1463-1666) (1972)

Wood James Brian. La structure sociale de la noblesse dans le bailliage de Caen et ses modifications (1463-1666). In: Annales de Normandie, 22ᵉ année, n°4, 1972. pp. 331-335.
<i>bag-of-marbles</i> and <i>benign gonial cell neoplasm</i> act in the germline to restrict proliferation during <i>Drosophila</i> spermatogenesis (1997)

Stem cells divide asymmetrically, regenerating a parental stem cell and giving rise to a daughter cell with a distinct fate. In many stem cell lineages, this daughter cell undergoes several amplificatory mitoses, thus generating more cells that embark on the differentiation program specific for the given lineage. Spermatogenesis in Drosophila is a model system to identify molecules regulating stem cell lineages. Mutations at two previously identified loci, bag-of-marbles (bam) and benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn), prevent progression through spermatogenesis and oogenesis, resulting in the overproliferation of undifferentiated germ cells. Here we investigate how bam and bgcn regulate the male germline stem cell lineage. By generating FLP-mediated clones, we demonstrate that both bam and bgcn act autonomously in the germline to restrict proliferation during spermatogenesis. By using enhancer trap lines, we find that the overproliferating germ cells express markers specific to amplifying germ cells, while at the same time retaining the expression of some markers of stem cell and primary spermatogonial cell fate. However, we find that germ cells accumulating in bam or bgcn mutant testes most resemble amplifying germ cells, because they undergo incomplete cytokinesis and progress through the cell cycle in synchrony within a cyst, which are two characteristics of amplifying germ cells, but not of stem cells. Taken together, our results suggest that bam and bgcn regulate progression through the male germline stem cell lineage by cell-intrinsically restricting the proliferation of amplifying germ cells.
The robust electrochemical detection of a Parkinson's disease marker in whole blood sera (2012)

Protein aggregation, leading to amyloid deposition in the brain, is implicated in the pathology of a number of increasingly prevalent neurodegeneration states such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases. The body's protective response to the formation of such deposits is to generate specific autoimmune antibodies. Alpha-synuclein, a natively unfolded protein relatively abundant in the brain, is the main constituent of Lewy body amyloid dispositions in PD. Previous assays determining content of alpha-synuclein in bodily fluids have proven to be largely inconclusive. Here we have taken a novel approach in utilising alpha-synuclein modified electrodes to sample the autoantibodies generated as the body responds to changes in its homeostasis. We show that these electroanalytical assays not only robustly distinguish between disease state and control individuals but also map out disease progression with unprecedented sensitivity and clarity. The impedimetric electrode surfaces are highly specific, reusable, exhibit a linear range from 0.5 to 10 nM and a detection limit of 55 ± 3 pM. We believe electroanalyses such as these, possible with less than 10 microlitres of fluid and a total assay time of only a few minutes, to be of value for early diagnosis of PD and possibly other alpha-synucleinopathies, and for monitoring disease progression and effects of possible disease modifying interventions.
Suction Due to Left Ventricular Assist: Implications for Device Control and Management (2007)

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) overpumping is associated with hemolysis, thrombus release, and tissue damage at the pump inlet. However, the impact of LVAD suction on pulmonary circulatory function remains unknown. We investigated LVAD suction as induced by pulmonary artery banding and overpumping in experimental animals and in a computer model. In six sheep, a rotary LVAD was implanted. Before inducing suction, partial support (40-60% of cardiac output) was established and characterized by measuring pressures and flows. In the animals, pulmonary artery occlusion (PAOC) elicited LVAD suction (left ventricular pressure was from -10 to -20 mm Hg) within 5-10 heartbeats. During suction, aortic pressure dropped to 50% and LVAD flow decreased significantly. After releasing the occlusion (20 s), the collapsed state persisted for another 20 s. A similar trend was obtained by simulating PAOC in the computer model. Additional simulations showed that pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), volume status, and right ventricular (RV) contractility are exponentially related to the persistence of collapse after a suction event. Even modest increases in predisposing factors (elevated PVR, RV dysfunction, hypovolemia) caused sustained hemodynamic collapse lasting in excess of 15 min. Both in selected animals and the computer model, comparable suction-induced collapse was obtained by increasing LVAD speed by about 33%. Attempted compensation by simply decreasing speed was not effective, but temporarily shutting down the LVAD caused rapid reversal of collapse. In conclusion, rotary LVAD suction causes unfavorable conditions for effective unloading. The use of pump interventions appears a promising tool to detect suction and to avoid the associated hemodynamic depression.