gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mm-Wave Phase Shifters and Switches (2010)

The ever increasing speed of transistors in mainstream silicon-based technologies made the mm-wave domain open to consumer electronic applications. Solutions that previously had to be implemented in advanced compound (III-V) technologies and were limited to high-end systems due to cost purposes, are now entering the market of low-cost consumer electronic products. Emerging mm-wave market contains various applications from extremely high data rate transceivers in "Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)" devices to automotive radar modules and to point to point links for replacing the fiber connectivity in sparse areas. Chapter one highlights the specific requirements of each application that makes it more compatible with a certain type of technology. <p>To have a complete mm-wave system suitable for low cost applications, a single chip or a single package solution is preferred. To achieve this goal integrated low loss transmit / receive switching structures that are highly linear should be employed. A miniature transformer-based shunt T/R switch is introduced and implemented in a standard 90nm CMOS technology. Design equations and trade-offs for such a structure are described in this thesis. <p>Due to a much higher free space path loss of a 60GHz signal compared to its low frequency counterparts (30dB higher loss than WiFi), and lower performances extractable from devices at these high frequencies, phased antenna array structures should be exploited to add passive antenna gains to the transceiver and help meet the link budget requirement. Fundamentals of phased antenna array structures are described and two different implementations, one through true time delay elements and the other one employing phase shifters are presented. <p>For wideband applications and for very large arrays intended to have a wide field of view, true time delay elements should be employed to steer the array pointing beam. This work investigates true time delay elements, and an "inductance tuning technique" is introduced which enhances the delay tunability of a synthesized transmission line while keeping its characteristic impedance constant. In most mm-wave applications, delay cells in antenna array structures can be approximated and replaced with phase shifters. Hence different types of phase shifters are studied and an active I-Q interpolating phase shifter in the RF-path is designed and implemented at 60GHz.
Adaptive fault detection in real-time GPS positioning (2000)

The paper presents an adaptive scheme of a GPS (Global Positioning System) Kalman filter. The adaptive scheme is capable of estimating the covariance in response to the changing dynamics in GPS navigation. When augmenting a Kalman filter, the adaptive scheme may lead to a more accurate position update. Moreover, the estimation method can also be used in integrity monitoring to enhance the selection of threshold for fault detection. The proposed method is verified using simulated data.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of Chemical Sensors for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water by the Use of Tapered Silver Halide Fibers and Tunable Diode Lasers (1995)

Tapered silver halide fibers were used for the first time for high-sensitivity fiber evanescent wave spectroscopic (FEWS) measurements of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in water at trace level. The sensor arrangement consisted of a tunable diode laser (TDL) source, a polymer-coated and tapered silver halide fiber, and a direct fiber/mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector coupling. A minimum detection limit of 50 μg L −1 was achieved by using a polyisobutylene-coated fiber with a 1:4 tapering ratio. The sensor response is in the minute range and shows reversible analyte enrichment.
Synthetic polyelectrolytes—A review (1991)

Abstract The ability to control charge nature, charge density and molecular weight enables the polymer chemist to design polyelectrolytes to provide a wide variety of functions, essential in many industrial processes. The flexibility of polymer design is summarised.
Draft Genome Sequence of Strain CBD-635, a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA100 Isolate (2013)

We present the draft genome sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain CBD-635, from the USA100 lineage. This is a sepsis isolate obtained from Tampa General Hospital. This strain is spa type t003 and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) type ST5, and it has been used by our group in the study of novel antimicrobial chemotherapeutics.
Signal linearity of an extended range pulse counting detector: Applications to accurate and precise U‐Pb dating of zircon by laser ablation quadrupole ICP‐MS (2010)

Element concentration and isotope ratio measurements by single‐collector mass spectrometry often require the detection system to handle ion beams with very large intensity ratios. In order to obtain accurate and reproducible element concentration and isotope ratio data, the detection system must have a linear response with respect to the intensity of the incident ion beam. An extended range scaling pulse counting detector equipped on a Varian 810 quadrupole inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) was tested for linearity across count rates of ∼2000 to 110,000,000 cps with different concentrations of natural U solutions. We also tested detector linearity by the laser ablation analysis of 206 Pb/ 238 U, 207 Pb/ 235 U, and 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios in well‐characterized 416–1565 Ma zircon standards. Results indicate that there is no correlation between the measured isotope ratio and ion intensity for the solution tests or the tests of natural zircon standards. The results of these tests confirm the suitability of this instrument for isotope ratio measurements that require a substantial dynamic range without having to switch between pulse counting and analog modes on electron multipliers or switching between electron multiplier to Faraday detectors.
The Metasurface -- Applying Natural Neighbour Interpolation To Two-To-Many Mapping (2005)

Description
PET/CT Imaging of I-124–Radiolabeled Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab after Intravitreal Injection in a Rabbit Model (2011)

There was no significant escape of bevacizumab and ranibizumab from the vitreous cavity after intravitreal injection. After correction for radioactive decay, both agents remained detectable until 28 and 21 days, respectively, with retention properties that validated those methods reported in previous studies.
N-Alkylation and Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of 2-Methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol and Related Compounds (1994)

2-Methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol (1), its acetate (2), and related compounds have been subjected to N- alkylation and electrophilic substitution reactions. Bromination , nitration, nitrosation , acylation and Mannich and related reactions show a preference for 3-substitution and 3,4-disubstitution. Nitration of (1) gives 4-substitution and 3,4-disubstitution. Reductions of nitro and nitroso compounds and some transformations of a Mannich base are described.
Optical fiber amplifiers for WDM optical networks (2002)

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the development of broadband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which form the backbone of high-capacity lighwave communication systems. Initially, the use of gain equalization filters increased the bandwidth of amplifiers by a factor of three (relative to first-generation amplifiers deployed in the field). Subsequently, the introduction of a two-band architecture, which includes amplifier sections for the C-band and the L-band, resulted in a further doubling of the bandwidth. In addition, this amplifier provides high output power and low noise figure to support the ever-increasing capacity demand on lightwave systems. Commercial systems with up to 80 wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels having a total capacity of up to 400 Gb/s are currently available, and terabit systems have been demonstrated in the laboratory. The recently discovered phenomenon of fast power transients in chains of EDFAs constituting an optical network has been shown to impair the performance of propagating channels in the event of channel failure or network reconfiguration. Several schemes to control the gain of EDFAs have been devised to mitigate the degradation caused by the fast power transient effect. Practical broadband amplifiers incorporating these and other control schemes, such as internal attenuation to control gain tilt, will enable future terabit and higher capacity networks.
Chronic Auditory Toxicity in Late Preterm and Term Infants With Significant Hyperbilirubinemia (2017)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Significant hyperbilirubinemia (SHB) may cause chronic auditory toxicity (auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and/or sensorineural hearing loss); however, total serum bilirubin (TSB) does not discriminate neonates at risk for auditory toxicity. Our objective was to compare TSB, bilirubin albumin molar ratio (BAMR), and unbound bilirubin (UB) for their association with chronic auditory toxicity in neonates with SHB (TSB ≥20 mg/dL or TSB that met criteria for exchange transfusion). METHODS: Infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA) with SHB during the first 2 postnatal weeks were eligible for a prospective longitudinal study in India. Comprehensive auditory evaluations were performed at 2 to 3 months of age by using auditory brainstem response, tympanometry, and an otoacoustic emission test and at 9 to 12 months of age by using audiometry. The evaluations were performed by an audiologist unaware of the degree of jaundice. RESULTS: A total of 93 out of 100 infants (mean GA of 37.4 weeks; 55 boys, 38 girls) who were enrolled with SHB were evaluated for auditory toxicity. Of those, 12 infants (13%) had auditory toxicity. On regression analysis controlling for covariates, peak UB (but not peak TSB or peak BAMR), was associated with auditory toxicity (odds ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.43–4.07; P = .001). There was significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves between UB (0.866), TSB (0.775), and BAMR (0.724) for auditory toxicity (P = .03) after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia indexed by UB (but not TSB or BAMR) is associated with chronic auditory toxicity in infants ≥34 weeks’ GA with SHB.
Cardiovascular Physiology (1981)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Tilting Micromirror With a Liquid-Metal Pivot (2006)

In this paper, we have developed a new micromirror with a compact footprint which can be rapidly tilted to large angles. The micromirror is supported by a liquid-metal drop (LMD) with low vapor pressure and is rotated by an electrostatic torque. A torsional spring model is proposed to predict the equivalent torsional constant of the LMD and the resonant frequency of the mirror. Micromirrors (1 mmtimes1 mmtimes25 mum) and actuating electrodes are microfabricated with a centralized wetting area surrounded by a nonwetting parylene area to confine the LMD. Our measurements of the mirror show the average snap-down voltage of ~ 79 V and the resonant frequency of 165 Hz. A single mirror is actuated to steer a laser beam with a maximum deflected angle of 23.6deg. A 1times3 mirror array is demonstrated for light switching, and has greater than 1 : 64 idle/deflection contrast. We also test the stability of the mirror to mechanical shake up to 56 g (g = 9.807 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The prototype mirror has 3.6 million cycles of operation
Dye-doped PQ-PMMA phase holographic materials for DFB lasing (2014)

Art. 035101, 8 S.
Compression stress relaxation apparatus for the long-time monitoring of the incremental modulus (2003)

A compression apparatus for aging experiments on soft rubbers and foams is presented. The sample is compressed between two parallel surfaces and held there for long-time relaxation studies. The specific purpose of the test is twofold: possible exposure of the sample to aggressive environment under compression during aging and measurement of sample modulus without unloading, i.e., while leaving the sample under constant compression at all times. To determine the restoring force in the compressed sample, the compression strain is modulated with an incremental strain while measuring the force response. The total force gives the compression modulus, and the slope of the force-strain curve allows the determination of the incremental modulus. Stress relaxation data for silicon foam, Dow Corning S-5370 RTV, with 68% void fraction are shown. The modulus of the compressed sample decays over long experimental times of several days. The decay can be described by two relaxation modes, a short mode at 1500 s and a long mode at about 105 s. The incremental modulus changes sharply in the first 1000 s (first mode) and then levels off. The apparatus consists of two self-contained components, the removable sample holder (compression jig) and the stationary test station, which performs the modulation of the strain and all measurements (restoring force and incremental modulus). This allows separation of functions. The apparatus design specifically focused on the control of the incremental strain modulation.
Autoradiographic distribution of 131 I-clioquinol in canine and feline. (1972)

Summary

To elucidate the absorption, intracellular location and pathogenicity of clioquinol, micro-autoradiographic studies were done. 131I-clioquinol was administered under different methods to 6 mongrels, 2 inbred beagles and a cat. Shortly after i.v.- or i.p.-injections of the substance to the mongrels and cat, a high concentration of radioactive grains was seen in the following nervous system: Nerve cells of the spinal root ganglia, spinal grey matter and nuclei in the brain stem; peripheral nerves; capsular cells of the spinal root ganglia; glial cells in the spinal cord, brain stem and periventricular region of the cerebrum. Though in lesser degree, orally administered radioactive clioquinol was also detected in the nervous system of the mongrels. I.p.-injected beagles showed, however, a low concentration of the grains in the nervous system. This may indicate strain-difference of dogs for the neurotoxicity of clioquinol.
Calpain-mediated X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Degradation in Neutrophil Apoptosis and Its Impairment in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (2002)

The number of neutrophils in the blood and tissues is controlled by constitutive apoptotic programmed cell death and clearance by phagocytes such as macrophages. Here, we found that calpains cleave the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in vitro, producing fragments that are unable to inhibit caspase-3. These fragments were detected in normal neutrophils but were unstable and rapidly degraded. Calpain inhibition delayed tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of normal neutrophils, consistent with a role for calpains in regulating the onset of apoptosis. Interestingly, neutrophils from three patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare syndrome characterized by accumulation of mature neutrophils, exhibited decreased mu-calpain expression, diminished calpain activity, and impaired XIAP degradation. Neutrophils from these patients displayed a delay in spontaneous, Fas-stimulated, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that calpain-mediated XIAP degradation contributes to initiation of apoptosis in normal neutrophils and dysfunction of this regulatory pathway can lead to pathological neutrophil accumulation.
Case History: Water Shut-off using Plastic Resin in a High Rate Gravel Pack Well (1996)

Abstract Amoco Trinidad Oil Company has successfully field tested a non-rig isolation procedure to shut-off water encroachment in two of its gravel packed wells using a plastic resin plug. Amoco operates a gas production platform offshore southeast Trinidad with high volume gravel packed wells. High transmissibility of formation fluids in the completion near the wellbore usually makes it difficult to control unwanted water production. In the past. several techniques to control water have been attempted with varying degrees of success. These included setting plugs in the prepacked gravel screens or installing pre-designed hardware to plug off anticipated future water movement. These two techniques are usually unsuccessful because 1) the uncertainty in predicting reservoir performance and 2) the water bypasses any plugs in the screen assembly and flows through the high screen-casing annulus. Cement squeeze techniques work in medium to high pressure reservoirs but require rig assistance and potential damage to the completion may be sustained. The plastic resin technique uses dump bailers on slickline to place the resin across the desired interval which hardens and seals the flow area in the screens and effectively eliminates the permeability in the gravel thereby shutting off water flow from the reservoir. Because rig assistance is not required, this isolation procedure becomes more economical depending on the remaining gas reserves. Ultimate gas recovery is anticipated to be greater by having economical options available to pursue remaining reserves. Introduction Amoco's Cassia field held the major reserves for supplying high pressure to satisfy our contractual obligations, Figure 1 shows the location of the Cassia field offshore. In 1983, production began and ended with nine wells draining four reservoirs. The '22' sand which had a significant amount of reserves remaining showed early signs of water production. The primary concern was that the reservoir would water out before the remaining reserves could be produced. Deliverability from this reservoir was 70 mmcfd, being supplied by Cassia #8 and #10. A structure map of the '22' sand can be seen as Figure 2. A shortfall situation in the supply of high pressure gas on the island was looming on the horizon. The problem at hand was how could we prolong the life of the 22 sand and maintain deliverability. The implications were enormous, there would be power outages throughout the country, plants at the Pt. Lisas industrial estate for example methanol, steel, urea and other plants being starved for gas and the resultant law suits for breach of contracts with the various parties involved. The method adopted to solve this problem had to be clinical, there was no room for error deliverability had to be maintained. One of the overriding constraints was that there was no rig readily available to repair the wells. The solution entailed attempting a water shut-off in one of these wells using a safe technique. After a lot of research, a resin plug was selected as the optimum solution.
[IL-10 serum levels in children with moderate asthma]. (2002)

Levels of an interleukin 10 (IL-10) are reduced in asthmatic patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Fact, that IL-10 is produced by Th1 and that inhibits cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes has led to the concept that IL-10 might be beneficial in mitigating allergic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of 4 week monotherapy with triamcinolone acetonide or nedocromil sodium on the serum level of IL-10, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and clinical parameters in atopic asthma children. It was an 8 week, randomised, double-blind trial of 37 children with moderate asthma allergic to house dust mite. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 200 mcg triamcinolone twice daily (n = 18), or 0.004 g nedocromil four times daily (n = 19). Thirty children completed the study. After treatment with triamcinolone the level of IL-10 in blood serum significantly increased, bronchial hyperreactivity significantly decreased, and all clinical parameters improved. Mean IL-10 levels in serum before and after treatment with triamcinolone were 7.5 pg/ml with 95%CI 6.79%-8.22% and 14.21 pg/ml with 95%CI 11.33%-17.09% respectively (p < 0.001). After treatment with nedocromil, clinical symptoms improved significantly, IL-10 serum levels and bronchial hyperreactivity did not change significantly (p = 0.094 and p = 0.09 respectively). This study demonstrates that one possible way by which triamcinolone contribute to inhibition of inflammation is by effect on IL-10.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Secretes and Correctly Processes Human Interferon Hybrid Proteins Containing Yeast Invertase Signal Peptides (1986)

Synthetic oligonucleotides coding for the yeast invertase secretion signal peptide were fused to the gene for the mature form of human interferon (huIFN-alpha 2). Two plasmids (E3 and F2) were constructed. E3 contained the invertase signal codons in a reading frame with the mature huIFN-alpha 2 gene. F2 had a deletion of the codon for alanine at amino acid residue-5 in the invertase signal and an addition of a methionine codon located between the coding sequences for the invertase signal and mature huIFN-alpha 2. Both hybrid genes were located adjacent to the promoter from the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene on the multicopy yeast expression plasmid, YEp1PT. Yeast transformants containing these plasmids produced somewhat more IFN than did the same expression plasmid containing the IFN gene with its human secretion signal sequence. HuIFN-alpha 2, purified from the medium of yeast cells containing E3, was found to be processed at the correct site. The huIFN-alpha 2 made by plasmid F2 was found to be completely processed at the junction between the invertase signal (a variant) and the methionine of methionine-huIFN-alpha 2. These results strongly suggested that the invertase signal (or its variant) attached to huIFN was efficiently recognized by the presumed signal recognition particle and was cleaved by the signal peptidase in the yeast cells. These results also suggested that amino acid changes on the right side of the cleavage site did not necessarily prevent cleavage or secretion.
A pass transistor regular structure for implementing multi-level combinational circuits (2002)

Implementation of multi-level combinational circuits using pass transistors and transmission gates is presented. The circuits are built with a new set of pass transistor gates, creating a network with well defined logic values at any node. A method to identify certain logic patterns is presented with the goal to reduce the number of pass transistor gates required to implement a logic function. SPICE simulations verified by the simulation of an example circuit show significant speed improvements for combinational circuits designed with pass transistor gates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transmission of a single 2.5 Gb/s subcarrier modulated channel over 300 m of 62.5 μm multimode fibre (2002)

We demonstrate the combination of offset launch and subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) to allow extended range link operation at 2.5Gb/s. Indeed, it is shown that the transmission of a single 2.5Gb/s channel over 300m of multimode fibre can offer better performance by being transmitted in the passband region of the fibre using subcarrier modulation rather than a channel confined to the baseband region.
Mini‐flank supra‐11th rib incision for open partial or radical nephrectomy (2005)

The supra-11th rib mini-flank incision offers a practical alternative to traditional open or laparoscopic PN or RN. Using a small (8 cm) incision with no rib resection, this approach affords optimum exposure without compromising cancer control, with excellent cosmetic results and a lower risk of late complications at the wound site.