gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerase chain reaction haplotyping using 3′ mismatches in the forward and reverse primers: application to the biallelic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin α (1997)

A polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) system that operates under identical conditions to HLA phototyping was devised for characterizing polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha). Mismatches at the 3' end were incorporated into the forward and reverse primers of each PCR so as to unequivocally establish the cis/trans status between the biallelic sites. Three previously described biallelic polymorphisms in TNF and three in LT-alpha were characterized in a 24-reaction PCR-SSP system. The method was used to genotype 20 cell lines and 201 HLA class I and II typed controls from the United Kingdom at the TNF and LT-alpha loci. Population frequencies of TNF haplotypes were determined as was linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1 and DQB1 loci. In each gene there were 8 theoretical polymorphic combinations; 4 were observed in TNF and 4 in LT-alpha. A total of 11 TNF-LT-alpha haplotypes were determined from apparent homozygous controls and statistical analysis.
Defective visions of the Caribbean: Culture shock in Central American (1994)

Insufficient regard has been given to the impact of culture and/or return shock on the document produced by expatriates when they are used in ethnohistorical studies. This paper seeks to rectily this lacuna with on analysis of the fate of two expatriate authors in Central American and their seach for peace and justice.
Process Optimisation for &lt;11-20&gt; 4H-SiC MOSFET Applications (2006)

We report on 4H-SiC MOSFET devices implemented on p-type <11-20>-oriented epitaxial layers, using a two-step procedure for gate oxide formation. First is a thin, dry, thermal SiO2 layer grown at 1050°C for 1 hour. Next, is a thick (50 nm) layer of complementary oxide deposited by PECVD using TEOS as gas precursor. With respect to the standard thermal oxidation process, this results in much improvement of the field effect mobility. For the best samples, we find a peak value in the range of 330 cm2/Vs while, on the full wafer, an average mobility of about 160 cm2/Vs is found. Up to now, this is one of the best results ever reported for 4H-SiC MOSFETs.
Pena de prisão perpétua (2000)

Discorre sobre a proibicao de penas de prisao perpetua, comparando a forma como se procede a tal proibicao em diversos paises latino-americanos e no Brasil. Ressalta que a proibicao constitucional das penas de carater perpetuo e a individualizacao das penas sao regras tradicionalmente estabelecidas no Direito brasileiro, como corolarios da orientacao humanitaria de nosso Direito Constitucional. Conclui serem insuperaveis os obices a ratificacao, por parte do Brasil, do Estatuto de Roma da Corte Penal Internacional, uma vez que o mesmo, nao admitindo ratificacao com reservas, preve a reclusao perpetua e ainda nao individualiza a pena para cada um dos tipos penais nele previstos, dois dispositivos que, no entender do autor, nao podem ser alterados mediante emenda constitucional, mas somente com a revogacao da atual Carta Magna.
Production of IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (2004)

These observations suggest that IL-12, IL-18 and TNFalpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of HP.
Factors Affecting in Vitro Shoot Proliferation of French Tarragon (1988)

Abstract Optimum proliferation of French tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus L. var. sativa) shoot tips was obtained on Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins supplemented with 1.8 μM BA, 0.3 μM NAA, and 3% sucrose. Proliferation was maximal after 4 weeks of culture. Proliferation was increased with unpinched shoot tips placed horizontally on the medium. Significantly greater proliferation of shoot tips occurred on medium gelled with Gelrite than with washed Difco Bacto-agar. Medium was gelled with Gelrite (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 g·liter −1 ) or washed Difco Bacto-agar (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, or 12.0 g·liter −1 ). Increasing concentrations of both gelling agents decreased proliferation. Stock plant pretreatment (natural daylength or 24-hr supplemental light) did not increase proliferation in vitro. Container size had an effect on shoot proliferation, with shoots in 55 × 70 mm jars having significantly greater axillary shoot length than those in 25 × 150 mm culture tubes or 90 × 95 mm jars and significantly greater number of axillary shoots than those in 25 × 150 mm culture tubes. Long-term subculture of shoots on agar-gelled medium (4 g·liter −1 ) resulted in greater proliferation than those cultured on medium gelled with Gelrite (1.5 g·liter −1 ). Rooting was maximized by placing cuttings >10 mm in length, derived from shoots proliferated on agar-gelled medium, in clear plastic containers in the laboratory. A 5-sec dip of the basal portion of the cuttings in either NAA (537, 2685, or 5370 μM) or IBA (490, 2450, or 4990 μM) increased rooting percentage and root numbers. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); l-H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
A Fully Automated Robotic System for Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos (2007)

As an important embodiment of biomanipulation, injection of foreign materials (e.g., DNA, RNAi, sperm, protein, and drug compounds) into individual cells has significant implications in genetics, transgenics, assisted reproduction, and drug discovery. This paper presents a microrobotic system for fully automated zebrafish embryo injection, which overcomes the problems inherent in manual operation, such as human fatigue and large variations in success rates due to poor reproducibility. Based on computer vision and motion control, the microrobotic system performs injection at a speed of 15 zebrafish embryos (chorion unremoved) per minute, with a survival rate of 98% (n = 350 embryos), a success rate of 99% (n = 350 embryos), and a phenotypic rate of 98.5% (n = 210 embryos). The sample immobilization technique and microrobotic control method are applicable to other biological injection applications such as the injection of mouse oocytes/embryos and Drosophila embryos to enable high-throughput biological and pharmaceutical research.
Recent health and planning events (2006)

There have been a number of exciting events related to health and planning over the past few weeks. Given that many interested planners may not have been able to attend, here is a summary of two diverse events.
금강 수계의 수질 특성 (2007)

본 연구는 금강수계의 13개 하천지점에서 이 화학적 수질의 시 공간적 변이 파악을 위해 $2001{\sim}2005$ 년까지 측정된 환경부 수질자료를 분석하였다. 이용된 수질 변수는 전기전도도(EC), 용존산소량(DO), 수온, 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD), 화학적 산소요구량(COD), 총인(TP), 총 질소(TN)및 부유물(SS)의 8개 항목으로 이들의 수질특성은 연별, 계절별, 조사지점별로 큰 변이를 보였다. 이온희석현상의 지표로 이용된 EC는 계절 및 연별 분석에서 장마기에 크게 감소하는 현상을 보였고, 계절별 영양염류(TN, TP)는 전 조사지점을 대상으로 평균했을 때, 갈수기에 비해 감소하는 특성을 보였다. 또한 일부 지점별 특성은 차이가 있지만, BOD및 COD는 강우와 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 한편, 계절별 SS농도는 강우기에 크게 증가했으며, TP의 변이는 TN과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 금강에서 상 하류간의 TP, TN, BOD, COD, SS 및 EC의 분석에 따르면, 지천인 갑천이 유입되어 영향을 주는 S9에서 수질이 극히 악화되어 $S9{\sim}S13$ 의 하류역에서는 모든 변수에서 2배 이상의 수질악화가 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 특성은 미호천의 지류부에서도 나타나 금강본류의 수질은 대전 및 청주의 도심에서 흘러나오는 지천의 영향이 하류의 수질악화에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 특히 이런 지류부에서의 효율적인 수질관리가 절실한 것으로 사료되었다. 【The objective of this study was to analyze temporal trends of water chemistry and spatial heterogeneity for 13 sampling sites of the Keum River watershed using water quality dataset (obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea) during $2001{\sim}2005$ . The water quality, based on eight physical and chemical parameters, varied largely depending on the years, seasons, and sampling sites. Seasonal and annual means of conductivity, used as a key indicator for a ionic dilution declined during the monsoon season, and nutrients (TN and TP), based on overall mean of all sites, showed marked declines during the monsoon, compared to those of the premonsoon. In the mean time, BOD and COD had no significant relations with a precipitation, in spite of some differences in the sampling sites. In contrast, major input of SS occurred during the period of summer monsoon. and the variation of TN was similar to that of TP. Spatial trend analyses of all parameters, except for DO and temperature, showed that Site 9 acted as a point source, and thus, water quality at the locations of $S9{\sim}S13$ declined abruptedly over 2 fold, compared to locations of $S1{\sim}S8$ . Based on the overall dataset, efficient water quality management in the point source tributary streams is required for better water quality of the main Keum River.】
Holographic digital data storage systems (1996)

The performance of digital holographic data storage systems is rapidly improving as a result of better components and recording materials. In this invited paper we review state- of-the-art HDSS systems in terms of fundamental tradeoffs between materials and device characteristics. Recent results, including stored and retrieved video clips will be presented.
Stimulation of human hematopoietic colony formation by recombinant gibbon multi-colony-stimulating factor or interleukin 3. (1987)

Recently, the gene for a novel mammalian hematopoietic growth factor homologous to murine interleukin 3 was isolated from a gibbon T cell line and expressed in monkey COS cells. The factor, termed multi-colony stimulating factor (multi-CSF) or interleukin 3, is stimulatory to human target cells. We investigated the range of enriched human bone marrow and fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors responsive to multi-CSF; compared the colony types observed with those obtained in the presence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF); and analyzed the effects on colony formation of combining multi-CSF with GM-CSF or granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF). The results show that multi-CSF acts as a multipoietin. Alone it stimulates the formation of colonies derived from granulocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, and megakaryocyte progenitors. In combination with erythropoietin it supports the development of both erythroid and mixed colonies. Furthermore, the data show that multi-CSF is a more potent stimulus of erythroid progenitors than GM-CSF. In combination with G-CSF multi-CSF substantially increases granulocyte colony number over the number obtained with each factor alone. We conclude that multi-CSF may prove to have important therapeutic potential in vivo as a stimulus for hematopoiesis.
From behavioral description to systolic array based architectures (2002)

Aim of the new methodology proposed is to extract, from a behavioral circuit description, all information on the regularity of the computation. Array architectures optimally implement the extracted regular behavior. A high-level synthesis tool for such arrays has been defined. First, the problem of translating a hardware description language (either VHDL or Hardware C) into and internal representation useful for the exploration of different alternative architectures is afforded. Here the main problems relate to the different interpretations that can be given to an HDL description during the behavioral synthesis step. A set of design rules for writing the specifications has been identified. Then the internal design representation is studied. A hierarchical graph-based representation has been adopted which contains all information needed to identify possible regularities. The hierarchical structure is composed of a data flow graph (DFG) that holds information about data and operations performed and of a control flow graph (CFG) representing the condition clauses causing the choice of the computations to be performed. All information needed to identify the regular structures, can be derived from the DFG alone, while the information of the CFG is useful to correctly synthesize the control machine. The proposed high-level synthesis approach has been implemented into a module called Orpheus, which can be connected to the Olympus synthesis system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved method for selecting RNA-binding activities in vivo (1996)

RNA challenge phages are modified versions of bacteriophage P22 that allow one to select directly for a specific RNA-protein interaction in vivo. The original construction method for generating a bacteriophage that encodes a specific RNA target requires two homologous recombination reactions between plasmids and phages in bacteria. An improved method is described that enables one to readily construct RNA challenge phages through a single homologous recombination reaction in vivo. We have applied the new method to construct a derivative of P22R17, an RNA challenge phage that undergoes lysogenic development in bacterial cells that express the bacteriophage R17/MS2 coat protein.
Indirect sinus augmentation procedures using one-stage anatomically shaped root-form implants. (1997)

Sinus augmentation procedures are a standard part of implant dentistry. Indirect sinus augmentation procedures reduce the magnitude of the surgery when sinus lift procedures are necessary. This article describes a variation of the indirect augmentation of maxillary sinuses. The surgery is performed through small diameter surgical access openings. This modified indirect sinus augmentation procedure is combined with the immediate placement of one-stage dental implants that effectively seal the surgical access openings and have an anatomical exit profile for easier restoration.
Hepatic cirrhosis, dystonia, polycythaemia and hypermanganesaemia—A new metabolic disorder (2008)

We report a new constellation of clinical features consisting of hypermanganesaemia, liver cirrhosis, an extrapyramidal motor disorder and polycythaemia in a 12 year-old girl born to consanguineous parents. Blood manganese levels were >3000 nmol/L (normal range <320 nmol/L) and MRI revealed signal abnormalities of the basal ganglia consistent with manganese deposition. An older brother with the same phenotype died at 18 years, suggesting a potentially lethal, autosomal recessive disease. This disorder is probably caused by a defect of manganese metabolism with the accumulation of manganese in the liver and the basal ganglia similar to the copper accumulation in Wilson disease. In order to assess the genetic basis of this syndrome we investigated two candidate genes: ATP2C2 and ATP2A3 encoding the manganese-transporting calcium-ATPases, SPCA2 and SERCA3, respectively. Genotyping of the patient and the family for microsatellite markers surrounding ATP2C2 and ATP2A3 excluded these genes. The patient was found to be heterozygous for both gene loci. Despite the unknown pathophysiology, we were able to develop a successful treatment regime. Chelation therapy with disodium calcium edetate combined with iron supplementation is the treatment of choice, lowering blood manganese levels significantly and improving clinical symptoms.
Study on electro-optical jamming effect on TV seekers by flight test (2014)

The effect and mechanism of smokescreen and stealth jamming on TV seekers are investigated by seeker captive flight jamming test. Based on a comprehensive analysis of large amounts of test results, we have discovered the laws of smokescreen and stealth jamming effect on the performance of TV seekers, such as tracking status, tracking error, measurement of line-of-sight angle and its angular rate. A rational explanation for the laws has also been presented based on the principle of stabilization of seeker optical axis. The results are not only useful for evaluating smokescreen and stealth jamming effect on TV guidance missiles, but also referential for the study of smokescreen and stealth mechanism and the anti-jamming design of imaging seekers.
Novel Jar Technology – The Down-Hole Clutch (2000)

Abstract Jarring techniques to free stuck drill strings have been used for decades in the drilling industry. However, jarring in directional and horizontal wells often remains without success. One of the reasons for insufficient jarring success in wells with extreme drag, is the inability to get sufficient pull at the jar. The jar impact forces are insufficient to free the string. A drill string tool has been developed to enable jarring at high firing loads: the ‘down-hole clutch’. The down-hole clutch enables drill string rotation in the event of getting stuck. Deployment of a down-hole clutch will significantly increase the jarring effectiveness. The benefits of the down-hole clutch tool in stuck pipe scenarios tool are quantified via torque and drag, and jarring calculations. The calculations to predict the jarring effectiveness are performed using a recently developed jarring simulation program. This program allows modelling of clutch-aided jarring. Other important clutch benefits are the improved hole cleaning and the operational advantage of exactly knowing the jar firing force. A 6-3/4 inch prototype of the clutch tool has been built in 1999. Based on the calculations and the clutch design, the operational implications of running a clutch tool are reviewed: the placement in the string, engagement and disengagement of the clutch, the loading of the string during jarring and the elimination of the need for a second jar. Future alternative applications for the tool are for instance casing liner running and the down-hole expansion of casing.
Fibrinogen-specific antibody induces abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice through complement lectin pathway activation (2013)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with high mortality rate due to progressive enlargement and eventual rupture. There is currently no established therapy known to alter the rate of aneurysmal expansion. Thus, understanding the processes that initiate and sustain aneurysmal growth is pivotal for the development of medical therapies aimed at halting disease progression. Using an elastase-induced AAA mouse model that recapitulates key features of human AAA, we previously reported that a natural IgG antibody directs alternative pathway complement activation and initiates the inflammatory process that culminates in aneurysmal development. The target of this natural antibody, however, was unknown. Herein we identify a natural IgG that binds to fibrinogen deposited in elastase-perfused aortic tissues, activates the complement lectin pathway (LP), and induces AAA. Moreover, we establish that alterations in the glycosylation patterns of this antibody critically affect its ability to activate the LP in vivo. We find that LP activation precedes the alternative pathway and absence of the LP complement protein mannan-binding lectin abrogates elastase-induced AAA. In human AAA tissues the mouse anti-fibrinogen antibody recognizes epitopes that localize to the same areas that stain positively for mannan-binding lectin, which suggests that the complement LP is engaged in humans as well. Lastly, we demonstrate that circulating antibodies in a subset of AAA patients react against fibrinogen or fibrinogen-associated epitopes in human aneurysmal tissues. Our findings support the concept that an autoimmune process directed at aortic wall self-antigens may play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of AAA.
Mathematical programming in a hybrid genetic algorithm for Steiner point problems (1995)

This paper presents two solution techniques for constructing a minimal weighted tree connecting a fixed set of n terminal vertices while alluwing extra vertices to be added to the tree to reduce the cost or length of the connection. The problem discussed is a variation of the Steiner tree problem that reduces to the classical Steiner tree problem for many special cases. It is also a generalization of the planar Steiner tree problem. The algorithms seek to detemline the location of points (Steiner points) such that each terminal vertex is connected to a Steiner point. The Steiner points are then connected to each other and the algorithm minimizes total cost. We present a solution to this problem for a modest number of terminal vertices using a mathematical programming approach and combinatorics. This approach is guaranteed to find the optimal points (Steiner points) that minimize the total cost. We also construct an algorithm that iteratively combines the early use of mathematical programming along with a hybrid genetic algorithm. The solution techniques were tested extensively on small planar problems but were also applied to large problems in two-, three-and five-dimensional space.
Context-Aware Privacy Protection for Wireless Sensor Networks in Hybrid Hierarchical Architecture (2008)

Sensor networks (SNs) placed on human bodies and in the environment can intelligently and unobtrusively support professional teams (for example health care professionals) to improve their work and on the other hand their subjects (for example patients and elderly at hospital or at home). In pervasive healthcare settings, protecting the privacy of the medical care subjects and the medical staff is very important, because the lack of privacy may hinder the broad acceptance of pervasive health technology. Moreover, there is a need of empowering end-users with flexible personalized controls for their personal data collected, processed and communicated via SNs. The privacy protecting mechanisms must be non-obtrusive and context-aware to support the daily private and professional life of the persons. Since the devices/nodes used by patients and medical professionals will have diverse capabilities, many of them with very limited resources, an important question is the implication of the privacy protection mechanisms on the overall system performance. This paper proposes novel flexible privacy protection framework suitable for diverse set of ubiquitous applications; describes evaluation frames for it and investigates the cost of privacy protection. Evaluation of the influence of the context complexity and policy-based management is also presented.
Single amino acid substitution in important hemoglobinopathies does not disturb molecular function and biological process (2008)

Hemoglobin is an important protein found in the red cells of many animals. In humans, the hemoglobin is mainly distributed in the red blood cell. Single amino acid substitution is the main pathogenesis of most hemoglobin disorders. Here, the author used a new gene ontology technology to predict the molecular function and biological process of four important hemoglobin disorders with single substitution. The four studied important abnormal hemoglobins (Hb) with single substitution included Hb S, Hb E, Hb C, and Hb J-Baltimore. Using the GoFigure server, the molecular function and biological process in normal and abnormal hemoglobins was predicted. Compared with normal hemoglobin, all studied abnormal hemoglobins had the same function and biological process. This indicated that the overall function of oxygen transportation is not disturbed in the studied hemoglobin disorders. Clinical findings of oxygen depletion in abnormal hemoglobin should therefore be due to the other processes rather than genomics, proteomics, and expression levels.
Ebelactones inhibit cutinases produced by fungal plant pathogens. (1990)

In determining the inhibitory activity of the ebelactones against fungal cutinases, two representative enzymes purified from Venturia inaequalis and Rhizoctonia solani were employed.