gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and development of effective manual control system for unmanned air vehicle (2011)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are remotely piloted or self-piloted aircraft that are capable of flight without any on-board operator and can carry cameras, sensors, communications equipment or other payloads. UAVs have been used in a reconnaissance and intelligence-gathering role, including combat and rescue missions. This paper describes development and implementation of remote manual control system for a UAV. The paper includes design of manual control of air vehicle to achieve the desired target using a joystick and engine vibrations analysis. XBee-PRO 900 XSC OEM RF modules are used with extended-range, with 900 MHz embedded wireless system, providing end-point connectivity. The wireless transmitter and receiver pairs are used for data communication link between the ground station and the receiver on the vehicle. The manual control system is developed in a PC based system reducing the cost of overall system. Microsoft Visual Basic language is used for this control system.
Effects of oil-laden sediments on growth and health of juvenile flatfishes (1998)

Juvenile yellowfin sole (Pleuronectes asper), rock sole (Pleuronectes bilineatus), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) had reduced growth following 30-90 days of exposure to sediments laden with Alaska North Slope crude oil. Changes in fish health bioindicators after 90 days, i.e., increases in fin erosion, liver lipidosis, gill hyperplasia, and gill parasites, coupled with decreases in macrophage aggregates, occurred at hydrocarbon concentrations (1600 µg/g) that reduced growth 34-56% among the flatfishes. Chronic hydrocarbon pollution of nearshore nursery sediments could alter growth and health of juvenile flatfishes. Recruitment of juveniles to the fishery may decline because of increased susceptibility to predation and slower growth.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Dengue Infection in Monkeys. I. Clinical Laboratory Responses to Primary Infection (1973)

Journal Article Studies on the Pathogenesis of Dengue Infection in Monkeys. I. Clinical Laboratory Responses to Primary Infection Get access Scott B. Halstead, Scott B. Halstead Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry Shotwell, Henry Shotwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jordi Casals Jordi Casals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 128, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 7–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/128.1.7 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 09 June 1972 Revision received: 22 February 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
High-voltage accumulation-layer UMOSFET's in 4H-SiC (1998)

A novel silicon carbide UMOSFET structure is reported. This device incorporates two new features: a self-aligned p-type implantation in the bottom of the trench that reduces the electric field in the trench oxide, and an n-type epilayer under the p-base to promote lateral current spreading into the drift region. This UMOS structure is capable of supporting the full blocking voltage of the pn junction while keeping the electric field in the gate oxide below 4 MV/cm. An accumulation channel is formed on the sidewalls of the trench by epigrowth, and the gate oxide is produced by a polysilicon oxidation process, resulting in a uniform oxide thickness over both the sidewalls and bottom of the trench. The fabricated 4H-SiC devices have a blocking voltage of 1400 V (10 μm drift region), a specific on-resistance of 15.7 m/spl Omega/-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at room temperature, and a gate oxide field of 3 MV/cm.
Particle Cleaning Technologies to Meet Advanced Semiconductor Device Process Requirements (2013)

Dealing with nanometer-sized particulate contamination is still one of the major challenges during the manufacturing of yielding semiconductor devices. This is especially true for the increasing number of critical processing steps, where residues of particulate matter need to be removed without mechanically damaging sensitive device patterns and, at the same time, achieve the lowest possible substrate loss. If higher substrate loss would be permitted, a more or less pure chemical mechanism could be employed (e.g. particle undercut by substrate etching and lift-off). However, being only allowed to have statistically seen sub-Angstrom material loss, physical forces need to be integrated jointly with the appropriate chemical support. In this paper we describe particle cleaning techniques, which are based on monodisperse droplet impact, controlled bubble cavitation (acoustic and laser induced), moving contact lines as well as normal-directed extensional flow to meet present and future industry requirements.
Molecular Regulation of the Bovine Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase by Transforming Growth Factor–β <sub>1</sub> (1995)

The promoter region of the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene contains potential response elements for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1). TGF beta 1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, vascular hypertrophy, and angiogenesis. We therefore sought to determine whether TGF beta 1 might modulate ecNOS expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). TGF beta 1 increased ecNOS mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. TGF beta 1 also increased ecNOS protein content. The production of nitrogen oxides (NOx), assessed by chemiluminescence, and nitric oxide synthase activity, assessed by arginine/citrulline conversion were increased in TGF beta 1-treated cells. Transcriptional activity of the 5'-flanking promoter region of the ecNOS gene was increased by TGF beta 1, as assessed by transfection with promoter/luciferase constructs. Deletion analysis suggested that the TGF beta 1-response element was present between nucleotides -1269 and -935 from the first transcription start site, in which a putative nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) binding site existed. Gel shift assays showed that nuclear protein(s), immunologically similar to CCAAT transcription factor/NF-1, bound to the putative NF-1 binding site in a sequence-specific manner. Mutation of the putative NF-1 binding site in the promoter/luciferase construct significantly decreased the responsiveness to TGF beta 1. In conclusion, TGF beta 1 increases ecNOS expression associated with an increase in production of NO in BAEC. This response is probably mediated by transcriptional activation of the ecNOS gene promoter.
Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Surfaces (1990)

A proper characterization of the multiscale topography of rough surfaces is very crucial for understanding several tribological phenomena. Although the multiscale nature of rough surfaces warrants a scale-independent characterization, conventional techniques use scale-dependent statistical parameters such as the variances of height, slope and curvature which are shown to be functions of the surface magnification. Roughness measurements on surfaces of magnetic tape, smooth and textured magnetic thin film rigid disks, and machined stainless steel surfaces show that their spectra follow a power law behavior. Profiles of such surfaces are, therefore, statistically self-affine which implies that when repeatedly magnified, increasing details of roughness emerge and appear similar to the original profile. This paper uses fractal geometry to characterize the multiscale self-affine topography by scale-independent parameters such as the fractal dimension. These parameters are obtained from the spectra of surface profiles. It was observed that surface processing techniques which produce deterministic texture on the surface result in non-fractal structure whereas those producing random texture yield fractal surfaces. For the magnetic tape surface, statistical parameters such as the r.m.s. peak height and curvature and the mean slope, which are needed in elastic contact models, are found to be scale-dependent. The imperfect contact between two rough surfaces is composed of a large number of contact spots of different sizes. The fractal representation of surfaces shows that the size-distribution of the multiscale contact spots follows a power law and is characterized by the fractal dimension of the surface. The surface spectra and the spot size-distribution follow power laws over several decades of length scales. Therefore, the fractal approach has the potential to predict the behavior of a surface phenomenon at a particular length scale from the observations at other length scales.
Membrane Processing of Fruit Juices and Beverages: A Review (2000)

Membrane technology for the processing of fruit juices and beverages has been applied mainly for clarification using ultrafiltration and microfiltration, and for concentration using reverse osmosis. The effects of product preparation, membrane selection, and operating parameters are important factors influencing filtration rate and product quality. Technological advances related to the development of new membranes, improvement in process engineering, and better understanding of fruit beverage constituents have expanded the range of membrane separation processes. Developments in novel membrane processes, including electrodialysis and pervaporation, increased the array of applications in combination with other technologies for alternate uses in fruit juices and beverages.
Low frequency drift in tunnel sensors (2002)

For several years, research has been underway on the use of electron tunneling as a displacement transducer in microsensors. This report describes recent measurements of low frequency noise and temperature coefficient of sensitivity tunneling transducers. Since the dominant source frequency noise in these transducers is due to thermal expansion mismatch, small modifications to the device structure should significantly improve the tunneling transducer performance.
Profiling and Characterization Antioxidant Activities in <i>Anoectochilus formosanus</i> Hayata (2002)

Phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of the crude and fractionated plant extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus were evaluated using five different assay systems. An acid-treatment (2 N HCl in 95% ethanol) was employed to treat a butanol fraction (BuOH), creating an acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fraction. The IC(50) values for DPPH radicals in the BuOH and acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fractions were 0.521 and 0.021 mg/mL, respectively. The acid-hydrolyzed BuOH exhibited approximately 5-fold higher activity in scavenging superoxide anion than catechin. The acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fraction also effectively protected phi x174 supercoiled DNA against strand cleavage induced by H(2)O(2) and reduced oxidative stress in HL-60 cells. Metabolite profiling showed that the aglycones of flavonoid glycosides in BuOH were produced after acid hydrolytic treatment, and this resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant activities of acid-hydrolyzed BuOH. One new diarylpentanoid, kinsenone, and three known flavonoid glycosides and their derivatives were identified for the first time from A. formosanus, with strong antioxidant properties.
Application of Oligonucleotides Arrays for Coincident Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Ploidy Status and Loss of Heterozygosity Studies in Human Cancers (2009)

Many oligonucleotide arrays comprise of spotted short oligonucleotides from throughout the genome under study. Hybridization of tumor DNA samples to these arrays will provide copy number estimates at each reference point with varying degrees of accuracy. In addition to copy number changes, however, tumors often undergo loss of heterozygosity for specific regions of the genome without copy number changes and these genetic changes can only be identified using arrays that identify polymorphic alleles at each reference point. In addition, because the hybridization intensity can be measured at each of the allelic variants, allelic ratios can be established which give indications of ploidy status in the tumor which is not generally possible using most other oligonucleotide array designs. The only arrays currently available that simultaneously report copy number, ploidy, and loss of heterozygosity are the Affymetrix SNP mapping arrays. In this review, the features of the SNP mapping arrays are described and computational tools explored which allow the maximum genetic information to be extracted from the experiment. Although the methodologies to generate the SNP data are now well established, approaches to interpret the data are only just being developed. From our experience using these arrays, we provide insights into how to evaluate the SNP data to report copy number changes, loss of heterozygosity, and ploidy in the same tumor samples using a single array.
Three-Month Feeding Integration With Bifidobacterium Strains Prevents Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Newborns (2018)

Infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in the first months of life. Their pathogenesis remains unknown although evidences suggest multiple independent causes, including gut microbiota modifications. Feeding type, influencing the composition of intestinal microbiota, could play a significant role in the pathogenesis. Previous studies supported probiotic supplementation success against colics, however mainly <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. were tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness against functional gastrointestinal disorders of a <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> based probiotic formulation including in the study both breast-fed and bottle-fed subjects. Two hundred and sixty-eight newborns were enrolled within 15 days from birth. One hundred and fifty-five of them effectively entered the study and were randomized in probiotic and placebo group, receiving the formulation for 90 days. The probiotic formulation consists of a 1:1 mixture of 2 strains of <i>B. breve</i> prepared in an oily suspension and administered in a daily dosage of 5 drops containing 10<sup>8</sup> CFU of each strain. Absolute quantification of selected microbial groups in the faeces was performed using qPCR. Anthropometric data, daily diary minutes of crying, number of regurgitations, vomits and evacuations, and colour and consistency of stools were evaluated before and after treatment. The study confirmed the positive role of breast milk in influencing the counts of target microbial groups, in particular the bifidobacteria community. No adverse events upon probiotic administration were reported, suggesting the safety of the product in this regimen. <i>B. breve</i> counts increased significantly in all administered newborns (<i>p</i> < 0.02). The study demonstrates that a 3 months treatment with <i>B. breve</i> strains in healthy breast-fed newborns helps to prevent functional gastrointestinal disorders, in particular reducing 56% of daily vomit frequency (<i>p</i> < 0.03), decreasing 46.5% of daily evacuation over time (<i>p</i> < 0.03), and improving the stool consistency (type 6 at the Bristol Stool chart instead of type 5) in those at term (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Moreover, a significant reduction (8.65 vs. 7.98 LogCFU/g of feces, <i>p</i> < 0.03) of <i>B. fragilis</i> in the bottle-fed group receiving the probiotic formulation was observed.
Disseminated abnormalities of cardiovascular autonomic functions in multiple sclerosis (1985)

To determine whether patients with MS had abnormalities of autonomic cardiovascular functions, we evaluated 22 MS patients and 20 control subjects with a battery of six standardized tests. The two groups differed on three tests: heart rate and blood pressure responses to standing, and the cold-face test. One-half of the MS patients had abnormalities on two or more tests, but individual patients showed diverse abnormality patterns. Abnormalities of neural cardiovascular regulation are frequent in MS patients and show a heterogeneous pattern, consistent with scattered plaques.
Cannabinoids and post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and preclinical evidence for treatment and prevention (2016)

There is substantial evidence from studies in humans and animal models for a role of the endocannabinoid system in the control of emotional states. Several studies have shown an association between exposure to trauma and substance use. Specifically, it has been shown that there is increased prevalence of cannabis use in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and vice versa. Clinical studies suggest that PTSD patients may cope with their symptoms by using cannabis. This treatment-seeking strategy may explain the high prevalence of cannabis use among individuals with PTSD. Preliminary studies in humans also suggest that treatment with cannabinoids may decrease PTSD symptoms including sleep quality, frequency of nightmares, and hyperarousal. However, there are no large-scale, randomized, controlled studies investigating this specifically. Studies in animal models have shown that cannabinoids can prevent the effects of stress on emotional function and memory processes, facilitate fear extinction, and have an anti-anxiety-like effect in a variety of tasks. Moreover, cannabinoids administered shortly after exposure to a traumatic event were found to prevent the development of PTSD-like phenotype. In this article, we review the existing literature on the use of cannabinoids for treating and preventing PTSD in humans and animal models. There is a need for large-scale clinical trials examining the potential decrease in PTSD symptomatology with the use of cannabis. In animal models, there is a need for a better understanding of the mechanism of action and efficacy of cannabis. Nevertheless, the end result of the current clinical and preclinical data is that cannabinoid agents may offer therapeutic benefits for PTSD.
The leaky lens: a broad-band fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna (2005)

A novel type of leaky-wave antenna is presented. Differently from previously reported leaky-wave antennas, it is characterized by a constant beam direction over a very wide range of frequencies. The radiation originates at a slot etched at the interface between air and a dense dielectric, which is shaped to form a cylinder of elliptical cross sections of decreasing dimensions. Two prototypes have been designed, manufactured, and tested. The measurements are in very good agreement with the expectations, demonstrating the potentials of the leaky lens concept to realize integrated transmitters or receivers that are extremely broadband and directive.
In vitro study of smooth muscle cells on polycaprolactone and collagen nanofibrous matrices (2005)

Biodegradable polycaprolactone and collagen nanofibers were produced by electrospinning, with fiber diameters of around 300-700nm and features similar to the extracellular matrix of natural tissue. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) seeded on nanofibrous matrices tend to maintain normal phenotypic shape and growth tends to be guided by the nanofiber orientation. The SMC and nanofibrous matrix interaction was observed by SEM, MTS assay, trypan blue exclusion method and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results showed that the proliferation and growth rate of SMCs were not different on polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous matrices coated with collagen or tissue culture plates. PCL nanofibrous matrices coated with collagen showed that the SMCs migrated towards inside the nanofibrous matrices and formed smooth muscle tissue. This approach may be useful for engineering a variety of tissues in various structures and shapes, and also to demonstrate the importance of matching both the initial mechanical properties and degradation rate of nanofibrous matrices to the specific tissue engineering.
Weekly short infusions of gemcitabine are not associated with suppression of lymphatic activity in patients with solid tumors (1997)

Daikeler, Thomas; Maas, Kathrin; Hartmann, Jörg Thomas; Kanz, Lothar; Bokemeyer, Carsten Author Information
Construction of plasmid vectors for Zymomonas mobilis (1987)

In order to develop useful plasmid vectors for Zymomonas cells, attempts were made to isolate natural plasmids from Z. mobilis ATCC10988. Among a few plasmids isolated, a small plasmid of 3.9 Kb size was chosen and designated as pZM3. By introducing the replication origin of pZM3 into pBR325, a hybrid plasmid vector of 8.4 Kb size, pHZ22, was constructed. This vector contained chloramphenicol resistant gene as a selectable marker and proved to be conjugally transmissible and stably maintained in Z. mobilis. Tetracycline resistant gene was isolated from RP4 and introduced into pHZ22 to make a new vector called pHZT224 of 10.7 Kb size. Through n series of experiments, it was evident that these plasmid vectors containing selectable markers of chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance were shuttle vectors functional in Z. mobilis as well as E. coli.
Vertical Distribution of Ozone and Nitrogenous Pollutants in an Air Quality Class I Area, the San Gorgonio Wilderness, Southern California (2002)

Information about spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants is essential for better understanding of environmental stresses affecting forests and estimation of potential risks associated with air pollutants. Ozone and nitrogenous air pollutants were monitored along an elevation gradient in the Class I San Gorgonio Wilderness area (San Bernardino Mountains, California, U.S.) during the summer of 2000 (mid-June to mid-October). Passive samplers were exposed for 2-week periods at six sampling sites located at 300 m intervals ranging from 1200 to 2700 m elevation. Elevated concentrations of ozone were found in this area with summer 24-h hourly means ranging from 53 to 59 ppb. The highest ozone concentrations were detected in the period July 25-August 8, reaching values of 64 to 72 ppb expressed as 2-week mean. Passive-sampler ozone data did not show a clear relationship with elevation, although during the periods with higher ozone levels, ozone concentrations were higher at those sites below 2000 m than at sites located above that elevation. All nitrogenous pollutants studied showed a consistent decrease of concentrations with elevation. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were low, decreasing with increasing elevation from 6.4 to 1.5 ppb summer means. Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were around 1 to 2 ppb, which is within the range of the detection levels of the devices used. Nitric acid (HNO3) vapor concentrations were lower at higher elevations (summer means 1.9-2.5 microg m(-3) than at lower elevations (summer means 4.3-5.1 microg m(-3). Summer concentrations of ammonia (NH3) were slightly higher than nitric acid ranging from 6 microg m(-3) at the lowest site to 2.5 microg m(-3) registered at the highest elevation. Since complex interactions between ozone and nitrogenous air pollutants have already been described for forests, simultaneous information about the distribution of these pollutants is needed. This is particularly important in mountain terrain where no reliable models of air pollutant distribution exist.
From local to global measurements of nonclassical nonlinear elastic effects in geomaterials (2016)

In this letter, the equivalence between local and global measures of nonclassical nonlinear elasticity is established in a slender resonant bar. Nonlinear effects are first measured globally using nonlinear resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS), which monitors the relative shift of the resonance frequency as a function of the maximum dynamic strain in the sample. Subsequently, nonlinear effects are measured locally at various positions along the sample using dynamic acousto elasticity testing (DAET). After correcting analytically the DAET data for three-dimensional strain effects and integrating numerically these corrected data along the length of the sample, the NRUS global measures are retrieved almost exactly.