gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of rintatolimod in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) (2016)

Chronic fatigue syndrome/ Myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a poorly understood seriously debilitating disorder in which disabling fatigue is an universal symptom in combination with a variety of variable symptoms. The only drug in advanced clinical development is rintatolimod, a mismatched double stranded polymer of RNA (dsRNA). Rintatolimod is a restricted Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist lacking activation of other primary cellular inducers of innate immunity (e.g.- cytosolic helicases). Rintatolimod also activates interferon induced proteins that require dsRNA for activity (e.g.- 2'-5' adenylate synthetase, protein kinase R). Rintatolimod has achieved statistically significant improvements in primary endpoints in Phase II and Phase III double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with a generally well tolerated safety profile and supported by open-label trials in the United States and Europe. The chemistry, mechanism of action, clinical trial data, and current regulatory status of rintatolimod for CFS/ME including current evidence for etiology of the syndrome are reviewed.
Selective Growth of Strained Ge Channel on Relaxed SiGe Buffer in Shallow Trench Isolation for High Mobility Ge Planar and Fin p-FET (2013)

Strained Ge channels on SiGe strain relaxed buffer are grown selectively in active areas surrounded by Shallow Trench Isolations. Using advanced Reduced Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition techniques, more than 2GPa stress was implemented for enhancing mobility in future Ge planar p-Field Effect Transistors (using a Si0.5Ge0.5 buffer layer) and in Ge p-FinFET(using a Si0.28Ge0.72 buffer layer) channels. The approach proposed can be co-integrated with Si or IIIV nFET channel processing.
A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (2009)

1 Introduction. 1.1 Classification. References. 2 Plasticizers. 2.1 Principle of Action. 2.2 Principle of Selection. 2.3 Characterization. 2.4 Risks and Drawbacks. 2.5 Classes of Plasticizers. 2.6 Specific Examples of Application. References. 3 Fillers. 3.1 Surface Modification. 3.2 Special Applications. References. 4 Colorants. 4.1 Physics Behind a Color. 4.2 Color Index. 4.3 Test Standards. 4.4 Pigments. 4.5 Organic Colorants. References. 5 Optical Brighteners. 5.1 Basic Principles. 5.2 Measurement. 5.3 Inorganic Brighteners. 5.4 Organic Optical Brighteners. References. 6 Antimicrobial Additives. 6.1 Modes of Action. 6.2 Plasticizers. 6.3 Special Formulations. References. 7 Flame Retardants. 7.1 Mechanisms of Flame Retardants. 7.2 Smoke Suppressants. 7.3 Admixed Additives. 7.4 Bonded Additives. References. 8 Lubricants. 8.1 Principle of Action. 8.2 Methods of Incorporation. 8.3 Types of Lubricants. 8.4 Special Applications. References. 9 Antistatic Additives. 9.1 Types of Additives. 9.2 Areas of Application. 9.3 Additives in Detail. References. 10 Slip Agents. 10.1 Basic Principles of Action. 10.2 Compounds. 10.3 Special Formulations. References. 11 Surface Improvers. 11.1 Additives. References. 12 Nucleating Agents. 12.1 Crystalline Polymers. 12.2 Experimental Methods. 12.3 Classes of Nucleating Agents. 12.4 Crystallization Accelerators. 12.5 Clarifying Agents. References. 13 Antifogging Additives. 13.1 Field of Use. 13.2 Principles of Action. 13.3 Conventional Compounds. 13.4 Compounds for Grafting. References. 14 Antiblocking Additives. 14.1 Examples of Uses. References. 15 Hydrolysis. 15.1 Hydrolytic Degradation. 15.2 Polymers. References. 16 Dehydrochlorination Stabilizers. 16.1 Dehydrochlorination of PVC. 16.2 Stabilizers. 16.2.1Alkyl Tin Compounds. References. 17 Acid Scavengers. 17.1 Acid Scavenging. 17.2 Examples of Formulation. References. 18 Metal Deactivators. 18.1 Action of Metals in Polymers. 18.2 Usage. 18.3 Examples of Metal Deactivators. References. 19 Oxidative Degradation. 19.1 Autoxidation. 19.2 Inhibition of Autoxidation. References. 20 Degradation by Light. 20.1 Photolysis. 20.2 Photooxdation. 20.3 UV Stabilizers. References. 21 Blowing Agents. 21.1 Blowing Agents. 21.2 Ozone Depletion Potential. 21.3 Test Methods. 21.4 Special Applications. References. 22 Compatibilizers. 22.1 Estimation of Compatibility. 22.2 Compatibilizers. 22.3 Special Examples. References. 23 Prediction of Service Time. 23.1 Accelerated Aging. 23.2 Theory of Critical Distances. 23.3 Monte Carlo Methods. 23.4 Issues in Matrix Composites. References. 24 Safety and Hazards. 24.1 Plasticizers. 24.2 Flame Retardants. 24.3 Antifogging Agents. 24.4 Other. References. Index. Acronyms. Chemicals. General Index.
Color digital hologram compression based on matching pursuit (2018)

With the recent widespread interest for head-mounted displays applied to virtual or augmented reality, holography has been considered as an appealing technique for a revolutionary and natural 3D visualization system. However, due to the tremendous amount of data required by holograms and to the very different properties of holographic data compared to common imagery, compression of digital holograms is a highly challenging topic for researchers. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, to the best of our knowledge, for color hologram compression based on matching pursuit using an overcomplete Gabor's dictionary. A detailed framework, together with a GPU implementation, from hologram decomposition to bitstream generation, is studied, and the results are discussed and compared to existing hologram compression algorithms.
Transcriptome Analysis of an Antibiotic Downregulator Mutant and Synergistic Actinorhodin Stimulation via Disruption of a Precursor Flux Regulator in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> (2011)

Through microarray analysis of an antibiotic-downregulator-deleted Streptomyces coelicolor ΔwblA ΔSCO1712 mutant, 28 wblA- and SCO1712-dependent genes were identified and characterized. Among 14 wblA- and SCO1712-independent genes, a carbon flux regulating 6-phosphofructokinase SCO5426 was additionally disrupted in the ΔwblA ΔSCO1712 mutant and further stimulated actinorhodin production in S. coelicolor, implying that both regulatory and precursor flux pathways could be synergistically optimized for antibiotic production.
A Study of Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint (2002)

The current study examined the biomechanical properties of intact and repaired ulnar collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb to determine a safe rehabilitation protocol after repair. In the first part of the study mechanical properties of the ligament were examined and the induced stress and strain were determined during simulated pinch and grip. In the second part of the study the strength and limitations of ulnar collateral ligament repair using a mini-Mitek bone suture anchor was determined. The biomechanical study was done on 16 fresh-frozen thumbs from male cadavers. Failure load, maximum stress, and Young's modulus of intact ulnar collateral ligament were 294.3 +/- 28.2 N, 11.4 +/- 1.2 MPa, and 37.3 +/- 5.1 MPa, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the low grip force and the ligament strain. There was, however, a significant correlation between the pinch force and the ligament strain. The failure load and joint rigidity of intact ulnar collateral ligaments were significantly higher (3.1 and 2.3 times, respectively) than the mini-Mitek repaired ligaments. The current study suggests that pinch activity during the rehabilitative process after repair or reattachment of the ulnar collateral ligament should be eliminated. Repaired ligaments with mini-Mitek bone suture anchors may be able to do a moderate range of motion during postoperative rehabilitation; however, additional in vivo studies are necessary before any clinical recommendation is made.
The effect of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates on nasal resistance to airflow in allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (1985)

Twenty-one patients with nasal obstruction due to allergic or vasomotor rhinitis were assessed rhinomanometrically before and after the operation of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates. It was found that the operation significantly improved the nasal airway. Most patients with an objective improvement reported a corresponding reduction in nasal obstruction. There was no tendency for patients with allergic rhinitis to be dissatisfied with the operation.
Chromium(III)-doped pillared clays (PILC's) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromium(III)-doped pillared clays (PILC's)K. A. Carrado, S. L. Suib, N. D. Skoularikis, and R. W. CoughlinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 23, 4217–4221Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00243a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00243a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectroscopic CD metrology for sub-100-nm lithography process control (2002)

The accelerating trend to smaller linewidths and low-k1 lithography makes metrology and process control more challenging with each succeeding technology generation. Optical CD metrology based on spectroscopic ellipsometry provides higher precision, improved matching, and richer information for line width and shape (profile) control which complement conventional litho metrology techniques. Analysis of site-to-site, within-field, field-to-field, and cross-wafer CD and line-shape distributions using KLA-Tencor SpectraCD permits separation of sources of variation between the stepper and track thus enabling proper process control. Focus-exposure analysis using SpectraCD data provides a more complete understanding of the lithography process window. Comparison between SpectraCD CD measurements on nominal 1:5 Line/Space ratio grating targets to isolated line CD-SEM measurements show excellent correlation over a large focus-exposure process range, including sub-100nm features. This result provides verification that SCD measurements on grating targets can be used to monitor and provide feedback to lithography process for isolated lines.
β <sub>1</sub> integrins differentially control extravasation of inflammatory cell subsets into the CNS during autoimmunity (2009)

Inhibiting the alpha(4) subunit of the integrin heterodimers alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) with the monoclonal antibody natalizumab is an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the pharmacological action of natalizumab is not understood conclusively. Previous studies suggested that natalizumab inhibits activation, proliferation, or extravasation of inflammatory cells. To specify which mechanisms, cell types, and alpha(4) heterodimers are affected by the antibody treatment, we studied MS-like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice lacking the beta(1)-integrin gene either in all hematopoietic cells or selectively in T lymphocytes. Our results show that T cells critically rely on beta(1) integrins to accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) during EAE, whereas CNS infiltration of beta(1)-deficient myeloid cells remains unaffected, suggesting that T cells are the main target of anti-alpha(4)-antibody blockade. We demonstrate that beta(1)-integrin expression on encephalitogenic T cells is critical for EAE development, and we therefore exclude alpha(4)beta(7) as a target integrin of the antibody treatment. T cells lacking beta(1) integrin are unable to firmly adhere to CNS endothelium in vivo, whereas their priming and expansion remain unaffected. Collectively, these results suggest that the primary action of natalizumab is interference with T cell extravasation via inhibition of alpha(4)beta(1) integrins.
Managing a Mobile Agricultural Robot Swarm for a seeding task (2016)

Mobile Agricultural Robot Swarms (MARS) is an approach for autonomous farming operations by a coordinated group of robots. One key aspect of the MARS concept is the low individual intelligence, meaning that each robot is equipped with only a minimum of sensor technology in order to achieve a low cost and energy efficient system that provides scalability and reliability for field tasks. The robot swarms are coordinated by a centralized entity (OptiVisor) which is responsible for path planning, optimization and supervision. It also serves as a mediator between the robots and different cloud services responsible for the documentation of the procedure. This paper focuses on the architecture and function of OptiVisor within the overall MARS system. An OptiVisor in combination with a simulation environment for a robot swarm is presented and shows the feasibility of the general concept and the current state of the algorithms. Furthermore, the paper shows results about the current progress of OptiVisor integration using real robots.
[Protective effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone against lipid peroxidation injury during traumatic shock in rats]. (1991)

In this paper are reported the results of a study on the protective effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 0.5mg/100g) against lipid peroxidation injury during traumatic shock in rats. Cardiac and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in TRH group were lower than those in normal saline (NS) group (P less than 0.05) 1 hr after shock. Cardiac, liver, kidney and lung tissue MDA contents 3 hrs after shock and liver and kidney tissue MDA contents 5 hrs after shock in TRH group were lower than those in NS group (P less than 0.05). TRH could increase the endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in vital organ tissues. 5 hrs after shock, liver, kidney and lung tissue SOD activities in TRH group were still higher than those in NS group (P less than 0.05). In addition, TRH could depress the elevation of plasma MDA content, raise blood pressure and 24-hr survival rate of the animals in shock. It was found that TRH has not the effect of directly scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals in vitro. The results demonstrated that the beneficial effects of TRH during traumatic shock may be related to its protection against lipid peroxidation injury in vital organ tissues.
Studies on the reaction of heterocyclic compounds. XII. N-oxidation of diazabenzene and diazanaphthalene. (1974)

Application of N-oxidation using sodium tungstate as a catalyst was attempted with diazines and diazanaphthalenes, some of which are labile to peracids, and found to be especially useful. N-Oxides of quinazoline and pyrimidine were obtained from the bases by this method. Pyrazine and quinoxaline were oxidized stepwise to the dioxides through monooxides.
Tests of the Wannier Expressions for Diffusion Coefficients of Gaseous Ions in Electric Fields (1971)

All of the published experimental values of longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients of gaseous ions in electric fields, except those cases dominated by resonant charge transfer, are compared with the predictions of Wannier's theory. The products of the measured coefficients and the gas number density appear to vary as ${v}_{d}^{{}^{3}}{(\frac{E}{N})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where ${v}_{d}$ is the ionic drift velocity, in agreement with Wannier's predictions. Here $\frac{E}{N}$ is the ratio of the electric drift field intensity to the gas number density. In addition, the absolute agreement between experiment and theory is quite satisfactory.
Regulation of production of activin A in human marrow stromal cells and monocytes. (1992)

In studies of the regulation of hematopoiesis, increasing attention has focused on the role of bone marrow stromal cells as rich sources of various cytokines. Present studies indicate that marrow stromal cells and monocytes produce activin A, implicating this new cytokine in the paracrine control of hematopoiesis. Activin A, which was initially recognized as a beta A beta A dimeric gonadal protein, was found to potentiate the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors; both purified erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) and K562 cells possess high affinity receptors specific for activin A. Present studies using Western and Northern blots demonstrate the presence of beta A subunits of activin A in the conditioned medium of monocytes and stromal cells and its RNA transcripts in these cells. The presence of functional and homodimeric beta A beta A activin molecule was confirmed through bioassay with or without a blocking antiserum against activin A or an activin binding protein, follistatin; its presence is further supported by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which a monoclonal antibody reacted only with the beta A beta A dimeric form of this molecule. In other experiments, the production of activin A was found to be regulated by various cytokines and regulators. The production of activin A in monocytes was stimulated more than ninefold by treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Activin A expression was also stimulated, albeit less potently, by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma-interferon. On the other hand, the expression of activin A in marrow stromal cells was upregulated by incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), LPS, and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). Therefore, we propose that the local production of activin A in the microenvironment within bone marrow may fine tune the regulation of steady-state hematopoiesis. In addition, this factor may normally be produced at minimal levels, but under certain situations may be further induced to provide important biological functions.
Studies on the Monoamine Oxidase-B-Catalyzed Biotransformation of 4-Azaaryl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Derivatives (1999)

The substrate properties of a series of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridinyl (MPTP) analogues in which the C-4 phenyl group has been replaced with various 4-azaaryl moieties have been examined in an effort to evaluate the contribution of electronic, polar, and steric parameters to the MAO-B-catalyzed oxidation of this type of cyclic tertiary allylamine to the corresponding dihydropyridinium metabolite. No significant correlation could be found with the calculated energy of the C-H bond undergoing cleavage. A general trend, however, was observed between the magnitude of the log P value with the magnitude of kcat/Km. The results indicate that the placement of a polar nitrogen atom in the space occupied by the phenyl group of MPTP leads to a dramatic decrease in substrate properties. Enhanced substrate properties, however, were observed when benzoazaarenes replaced the corresponding five-membered azaarenes. These results are consistent with our previously published molecular model of the active site of MAO-B.
Rescue of K562 cells from MDM2-modulated p53-dependent apoptosis by growth factor-induced differentiation (1998)

The wild-type human MDM2 protooncogene was tested for its ability to modulate apoptotic activity of the de novo expressed p53 tumor suppressor gene in K562 cells. We also studied the role ofsome cytokines in this phenomenon. K562, a human myeloid leukemia cell line, does not express p53 at the mRNA or protein level. In this study, we stably transfected K562 with eukaryotic vectors containing either normal p53 cDNA (pC53-SN3) or mutated p53 (143Val→Ala) cDNA (pC53-SCX3). Transfectants expressing WT p53 or those expressing mutant p53 are called K562 SN and K562 SM respectively. Many leukemic cell lines undergo apoptosis when de novo WT p53 is expressed alone. In contrast, while the resulting clones (K562 SN and K562 SM) expressed p53, they did not undergo apoptosis. However, when treated with MDM2 mRNA antisense (MDM2 AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), K562 SN demonstrated apoptotic features at both molecular and morphological levels. No change was observed when the other clones (K562 and K562 SM) were treated with MDM2 AS. Apoptosis induced in this manner was associated with a relatively small increase in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Cells cultured in medium previously supplemented with recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL)-3 and rh-erythropoietin (Epo) did not undergo apoptosis. Moreover, K562 SN cells were induced to differentiate. This differentiation was evaluated by measuring hemoglobin (Hb) level in cellular extracted proteins and by analyzing erythroid colony number and morphology. High Hb synthesis was obtained when K562 SN cells were cultured with cytokines (IL-3 + Epo) combined with MDM2 AS. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the function of the proto-oncogene MDM2 is to provide a ‘feedback’ mechanism for the p53-dependent pathway of apoptosis that could be shunted toward differentiation.
Brain Responses During Robot-Error Observation (2017)

Brain-controlled robots are a promising new type of assistive device for severely impaired persons. Little is however known about how to optimize the interaction of humans and brain-controlled robots. Information about the human’s perceived correctness of robot performance might provide a useful teaching signal for adaptive control algorithms and thus help enhancing robot control. Here, we studied whether watching robots perform erroneous vs. correct action elicits differential brain responses that can be decoded from single trials of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and whether brain activity during human-robot interaction is modulated by the robot’s visual similarity to a human. To address these topics, we designed two experiments. In experiment I, participants watched a robot arm pour liquid into a cup. The robot performed the action either erroneously or correctly, i.e. it either spilled some liquid or not. In experiment II, participants observed two different types of robots, humanoid and non-humanoid, grabbing a ball. The robots either managed to grab the ball or not. We recorded high-resolution EEG during the observation tasks in both experiments to train a Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) pipeline on the multivariate EEG signal and decode for the correctness of the observed action, and for the type of the observed robot. Our findings show that it was possible to decode both correctness and robot type for the majority of participants significantly, although often just slightly, above chance level. Our findings suggest that non-invasive recordings of brain responses elicited when observing robots indeed contain decodable information about the correctness of the robot’s action and the type of observed robot. Our study also indicates that, given the, so far, relatively low decoding accuracies, either further improvements in non-invasive recording and analysis techniques or the utilization of intracranial measurements of neuronal activity will be necessary for practical applications.