gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
고엽제(枯葉劑) 피해(被害) 범위(範圍) 인정(認定)의 확대경향(擴大傾向)에 따른 정책(政策) (2000)

본 연구는 군사목적을 위하여 베트남과 한국에서 살포된 고엽제피해 범위 인정의 확대경향에 따른 주요 원인을 규명하고 고엽제문제의 해결을 위하여 한국 정부가 장기적으로 추진하여야 할 정책과제를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
냉전시대에 베트남과 한국은 이념 대결에 따른 분쟁지역으로 고엽제 살포에 따른 피해국이 되었다. 고엽제의 주종으로 사용된 에이젠트 오렌지는 환경을 파괴하는 능력뿐만 아니라 인간의 건강을 해치는 독극물인 다이옥신을 대량 함유하고 있어 환경 및 인체에 치명적인 손상을 초래한다.
베트남 참전군인들의 집단적 요구에 따른 고엽제 피해보상정책은 미국에서 시작되어 한국으로 확산되었다. 국가에서 보상하는 고엽제 관련 질병과 고엽제 환자는 시간의 경과에 따라 증가하는 추세에 있다. 고엽제 피해 범위 인정은 시간의 경과에 따라 확대되는 경향이 있으며 한국도 이러한 영향을 강하게 받고 있다. 이의 주요원인은 의학기술의 발전에 따른 고엽제 해독성의 확인, 고엽제 관련 정보의 공개, 이해 당사자들의 조직적인 의사표시 등에 기인하고 있다.
고엽제 문제에 대응하는 우리의 정책과제로서 고엽제 피해 보상기준의 명확화, 정부 예산의 안정적 확보, 미국의 고엽제 제조회사를 상대로 한 손해배상 소송을 위한 적절한 국가 지원체계의 확립, 한국 휴전선에서 살포된 고엽제 관련 환경 영향 평가의 조속한 실시, 고엽제 피해 조사 연구의 국제적 협력 등을 제시한다.
Estimating chemical reactivity and cross-influence from collective chemical knowledge (2012)

Although modern chemical databases store a great wealth of structural and reactivity data, this vast “universe” of chemical information has not yet been systematically analyzed. Here, we use computers to derive from the entire body of organic-chemical knowledge the indices that estimate the reactivity and cross influence of functional groups. The major premise of our approach is that in sufficiently large and diverse collections of reactions (as the entire “history” of organic chemistry is), the frequencies with which transformations of certain groups occur, reflect their reactivities. Illustrative examples spanning several classes of reactions demonstrate that our knowledge-based indices capture the well-known reactivity trends. A free-access software is also developed with which other trends can be analyzed for various combinations of functional groups.
9‐bromonoscapine‐induced mitotic arrest of cigarette smoke condensate‐transformed breast epithelial cells (2009)

In the present investigation, we determined the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 9-bromonoscapine (Br-Nos), a more potent noscapine analog, on MCF10A, spontaneously immortalized human normal breast epithelial cells and MCF10A-CSC3, cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-transformed cells. The results from cytogenetic analysis showed that Br-Nos induced polyploidy and telomeric association in MCF10A-CSC3 cells, while MCF10A cells remained unaffected. Our immunofluorescence data further demonstrated that MCF10A-CSC3 cells were susceptible to mitotic catastrophe on exposure to Br-Nos and failed to recover after drug withdrawal. MCF10A-CSC3 cells exhibited Br-Nos-induced aberrant multipolar spindle formation, which irreversibly impaired the alignment of replicated chromosome to the equatorial plane and finally culminated in cell death. Although MCF10A cells upon Br-Nos treatment showed bipolar spindles with some uncongressed chromosomes, these cells recovered fairly well after drug withdrawal. Our flow-cytometry analysis data reconfirmed that MCF10A-CSC3 cells were more susceptible to cell death compared to MCF10A cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that decreased levels of cdc2/cyclin B1 and cdc2 kinase activity are responsible for Br-Nos-induced mitotic cell arrest leading to cell death in MCF10A-CSC3 cells. This study thus explores the underlying mechanism of Br-Nos-induced mitotic catastrophe in CSC-transformed MCF10A-CSC3 cells and its potential usefulness as a chemotherapeutic agent for prevention of cigarette smoke-induced breast cancer growth.
BEHAVIOR OF MIXED O-ACYL-N-ACYL DERIVATIVES IN WHICH THE REACTING GROUPS ARE NOT ON ADJACENT CARBON ATOMS<sup>1</sup> (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBEHAVIOR OF MIXED O-ACYL-N-ACYL DERIVATIVES IN WHICH THE REACTING GROUPS ARE NOT ON ADJACENT CARBON ATOMS1L. Chas. Raiford and E. P. ClarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 2, 483–489Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1926https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01413a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (443 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of deuterated–tritiated polystyrene shells for laser fusion experiments by means of an isotope exchange reaction (1992)

Deuterated–tritiated polystyrene shells with a silicon dopant for use in laser fusion experiments were fabricated by means of an isotope exchange method. In order to increase the isotope exchange rate, deuterated polystyrene shells in a tritium atmosphere were exposed by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a mercury lamp. The specific activity of tritium in the shells were 92 Ci/g for partially deuterated polystyrene and 150 Ci/g for fully deuterated polystyrene, respectively. The isotope exchange rate with UV irradiation was 230 times as fast as that without the UV irradiation. The tritium in the shell was found to be strongly localized at the outer surface.
Pusher‐Plate Type TAH System Operated in the Left and Right Free‐Running Variable Rate Mode (1981)

A TAH system utilizing two pusher-plate type pumps was developed and tested in two calves for 45 and 108 days with excellent results. A Hall effect sensor was utilized to operate each pump with a full stroke at variable rates (VR); each pump was then allowed to run independently at different rates depending on its own preload and afterload. With this system, the animals' atrial pressures were kept to near-normal levels (less than 10 mmHg). However, significant differences in the left and right pump flows were observed (left higher than right) and they ranged from 5 to 30% of the left flow with a mean of 15%. These flow differences may be due to the bronchial circulation and related shunts. Right pump flows averaged 70 to 95 ml/min-kg and circulating blood volume ranged from 67 to 95 ml/kg. When various control modes including fixed rate and master-slave type simultaneously or alternatively ejecting VR modes were applied in the same animals and both pump flows were forced to be equal, unphysiological atrial pressures resulted. This result indicates that perhaps left and right flow differences are necessary physiological conditions to regulate the atrial pressures within normal ranges. Metabolic data also indicated that under simultaneously and alternately ejecting modes, A-V O2 content differences were increased due to decreased right pump flow as compared with those of the free-running VR mode. The left and right free-running VR mode of operation imposed minimal constraints on the animals' cardiovascular system and therefore yielded excellent hemodynamic and metabolic results.
Advances in neonatal resuscitation: supporting transition (2008)

Although neonatologists use the term resuscitation we rarely practise resuscitation as the adult doctors understand it. An adult who collapses lifeless needs very urgent chest compressions, cardioversion and ventilation. Such an episode is very uncommon in neonates. Wyckoff et al suggests that it probably occurs in less than 1:2000 deliveries.1 Newborn infants who do not breathe sufficiently need gentle assistance to make the transition from placental to pulmonary gas exchange.

Apnoea and bradycardia after birth are caused by relative hypoxia of the brain stem and myocardium. At birth the lungs are not aerated and filled with lung liquid. If infants do not breathe adequately they need assistance aerating their lungs and forming a functional residual capacity (FRC). Oxygenation of the myocardium then improves and the heart rate and blood pressure rapidly increase. Shortly thereafter the brain stem recovers and breathing starts. Most apnoeic newborn infants respond well to effective aeration of the lungs. If the heart rate does not increase quickly then the ventilation technique is probably unsatisfactory. Cardiac massage is rarely needed if the ventilation is adequate.

Treating newborn infants at birth with 100% oxygen is traditional.2–5 However, 100% oxygen may cause injury and should be used cautiously.6 7 Free radical damage to the newborn and in particular the preterm infant is well recognised.8 9 A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials suggests that using 100% oxygen is associated with an increased mortality compared with air.10

Observing whether a newborn infant is cyanosed is part of the traditional assessment. However, it is subjective and cannot be reliably used to decide on the appropriate fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2).11 Recent studies show that it is possible to obtain accurate oximetry readings of heart rate and oxygen saturation, from the right hand …
The Distribution and Storage of Vitamin D and its Metabolites in Human Tissues (1972)

1. The distribution of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues has been studied by the combined use of radioactive cholecalciferol and biological assays of antiricketic activity in tissue extracts. 2. Injected radioactive cholecalciferol was cleared rapidly from the blood; unchanged vitamin D and various metabolites were detected subsequently in all tissues examined. The highest concentration of biological activity and radioactivity was in fat; this and, to a lesser extent, other tissues were shown to retain activity over a prolonged period of time. 3. Adipose tissue and voluntary muscle are the principal sites of storage of vitamin D in man. Pre-existing tissue pools of vitamin D can, in some circumstances, invalidate the use of radioactively labelled cholecalciferol to trace the pattern of body distribution. 4. Metabolically produced 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is also taken up from the blood into many tissues, probably by protein-binding. 5. Vitamin D is excreted in bile principally as more polar metabolites. Smaller amounts of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol are also excreted, and antiricketic activity has been demonstrated in the bile of individuals treated with vitamin D. 6. An excess of cholecalciferol (or of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in the blood appears to be eliminated by the physicochemical processes of partition into tissue lipid and binding to tissue proteins. It is inferred tentatively that an increased concentration of vitamin D or of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the liver also causes an increased biliary excretion of these substances, and an increased hepatic formation and elimination of more polar metabolites of the vitamin.
Long-Term Trends in the Incidence of and Survival with Heart Failure (2002)

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of heart failure has declined among women but not among men, whereas survival after the onset of heart failure has improved in both sexes. Factors contributing to these trends need further clarification.
Overexpression of Sialyl Lewis x Antigen Is Associated with Formation of Extratumoral Venous Invasion and Predicts Postoperative Development of Massive Hepatic Metastasis in Cases with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2001)

The clinicopathological factors and expression of sialyl Lewis antigens which are the cell adhesion molecules to endothelial cells were compared in relation to the extent of the postoperative hepatic metastasis in 23 consecutive patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma whose clinical courses were carefully monitored and documented. The overall survival of cases with massive hepatic metastasis (MHM) was significantly poorer than that of those with local or no hepatic metastasis (p = 0.0453). Postoperative MHM was significantly correlated with the presence of duodenal invasion (p = 0.0418), the presence of portal vein invasion (p = 0.0435), the presence of extratumoral venous invasion (p = 0.0052) and high expression of sialyl Lewis x antigen (p = 0.0022). Multivariate analysis confined significant correlation between the high expression of sialyl Lewis x antigen and the development of MHM (p = 0.0402). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival of patients with a high expression of sialyl Lewis x antigen was significantly poorer than that of patients with a low expression of the antigen (p = 0.0216). These results indicate that the overexpression of sialyl Lewis x antigen plays an important role in the development of MHM, and also predicts a poorer overall survival of these patients. Further studies with more cases are warranted to confirm these results.
On the thermal isolation applications of V-groove technology (1982)

V-groove etching technology has been applied to the thermal isolation in an integrated circuit chip. Numerical calculation shows that V-groove structure brings about 50 percent improvement in normalized temperature when compared to the conventional planar structure.
Using ProComm scripts, uploading your mail, and other helpful hints (1989)

Description d'une experience d'utilisation du logiciel de communication PROCOMM PLUS, pour le telechargement d'informations et de messages dans un systeme en ligne, a partir d'un microordinateur de type PC. Programmes developpes en langage ASPECT pour des messages sur le reseau ALANET
A comparison of innovative air pollution control technology demonstrations at McClellan Air Force Base (1997)

McClellan Air Force Base (AFB), located near Sacramento, California, is one of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program`s National Environmental Technology Test Sites. As part of the on-going environmental clean-up of McClellan AFB, the US Air Force has evaluated several innovative and conventional technologies for the treatment of vapor phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This paper presents an overview and comparison of the cost and performance of seven innovative technologies tested at McClellan AFB. McClellan AFB has found conventional off-gas treatment technologies to be effective but costly. Operation and maintenance (O and M) costs for treatment systems are increasingly becoming a major component of the environmental clean-up budget. The cost and performance of photolytic destruction, titanium dioxide photocatalytic oxidation, advanced polymer absorption media, flameless thermal oxidation, non-thermal plasma destruction, electron-beam destruction, and an advanced regenerative adsorption system are presented. Destruction removal efficiencies for VOCs have ranged from greater than 99.9 percent for flameless thermal oxidation to zero for the advanced polymer absorption media. Like the conventional technologies in use, all of the innovative technologies tested have been shown to be effective for treating a wide range of vapor phase contaminants, but each is only cost effective over limited rangemore » of off-gas concentrations. Some of the innovative technologies evaluated were found not to be useful over a wide range of contaminants or too costly to operate at their current stage of development. For example, titanium dioxide photocatalytic oxidation cannot effectively treat chlorinated VOCs in off-gas streams that contain moderate amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons.« less
Neural and Concurrent Real-Time Systems: The 6th Generation (1989)

Part 1 Intelligent processes: signal processing sampling, quantizing, and losses mapping, adaptation, and learning in neural networks knowledge chaining in real-time systems neural networks in real-time intelligent systems. Part 2 Intelligent systems: computers in instrumentation and in process control high speed neural chips and systems concurrent chips and languages concurrent system design and applications market and trends.
Combining speed and acceleration to detect reckless driving in the informal public transport industry (2013)

The informal transport industry in Sub-Saharan Africa is notoriously dangerous, leading to many fatalities annually. This paper presents an innovative way of monitoring driver behaviour, in real-time, by taking into account road design standards, vehicle dynamics, and passenger comfort. Two models are presented that each combines acceleration and speed data into an erratic driving detection algorithm. The first model is developed though the evaluation of empirical results taken from trips in a minibus taxi, and subjectively gauging recklessness from a passenger's perspective. The second model presents a novel use of commonly used civil engineering principles, used in road design. Evaluation of the models, using actual minibus data, demonstrates that both successfully detect reckless driving, but the second model proves to be simpler and less processor intensive.
In Search of Factors to Online Game Addiction and its Implications (2007)

Research has explored online users who are hooked on Internet applications such as chat rooms, web surfing, and interactive games. Online game addiction is one of the problems arisen from the use of the Internet. This study is motivated by a causal connection found from previous research of computer game addiction. The study describes two typical types of online games and looks further into the causes of the addiction by using two main theories. We also propose research hypotheses and discuss possible implications of online game addiction.
Comparison of methods for the fabrication and the characterization of polymer self-assemblies: what are the important parameters? (2015)

The ability to self-assemble was evaluated for a large variety of amphiphilic block copolymers, including poly(ethyleneoxide-b-ε-caprolactone), poly(ethyleneoxide-b-d,l-lactide), poly(ethyleneoxide-b-styrene), poly(ethyleneoxide-b-butadiene) and poly(ethyleneoxide-b-methylmethacrylate). Different methods of formation are discussed, such as cosolvent addition, film hydration or electroformation. The influence of experimental parameters and macromolecular structures on the size and morphology of the final self-assembled structures is investigated and critically compared with the literature. The same process is carried out regarding the characterization of these structures. This analysis demonstrates the great care that should be taken when dealing with such polymeric assemblies. If the morphology of such assemblies can be predicted to some extent by macromolecular parameters like the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, those parameters cannot be considered as universal. In addition, external experimental parameters (methods of preparation, use of co-solvent, …) appeared as critical key parameters to obtain a good control over the final structure of such objects, which are very often not at thermodynamic equilibrium but kinetically frozen. A principal component analysis is also proposed, in order to examine the important parameters for forming the self-assemblies. Here again, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic fraction is identified as an important parameter.
Issues in the design of EHTS: a multiuser hypertext system for collaboration (1992)

The paper describes the architecture, issues from the design, and experiences from the use of EHTS (Emacs hyper text system), a multiuser hypertext system for collaboration. EHTS consists of a text editor, a graphical browser, and an active hypertext database named HyperBase. HyperBase is built on the client-server model and has been designed especially to support collaboration among its users, by providing an event mechanism and a fine-grained lock mechanism. Events from HyperBase are used to notify the editor and browser about important actions on the shared data, enabling them to monitor changes. Four categories of issues from the design and experiences from the use of EHTS are reported: architecture, collaboration, user interface, and data model. Based on experiences with the client-server model, the author suggests a new and improved architecture for the event driven multiuser hypertext system. One major lesson learned is that events and fine-grained locks can provide powerful support for data sharing among multiple users simultaneously working in the same environment. The need for a flexible data model is another lesson learned. It is difficult to predict what data model objects actually will be needed, when the data model is designed before the user interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of protective agents on the viability of Lactococcus lactis subjected to freeze-thawing and freeze-drying (2006)

The effect of different protectants and the impact of the initial cell density on the viability of Lactococcus lactis Sr. 3.54 subjected to freeze-thawing and freezedrying was studied. Several additives were tested as protective agents against freezing and drying injuries. Maximum viability of the cells after freeze-thawing was obtained with sucrose and skim milk mixtures as protective agents (78% viability). Freeze-drying with protectants based on skim milk or MRS-broth were most effective (survival levels >60%). The effect of the initial cell load on the final recovery was dependent on the protectant. Every sample showed an increase in viability when a high initial cell concentration (1010cfu ml-1) was used. The blank showed a 1500 fold increase, skim milk/sucrose based lyophilisates an 1,7 fold increase in viability when the initial cell load was changed from 1009 to 1010cfu ml-1. The use of 1010cfu ml-1 as initial cell concentration and sucrose/skim milk as protectant yielded a lyophilisate with 71% viability. Results suggest the possibility of producing freeze dried powders of Lactococcus lactis with high viability for the food industry.
Development of Automated Nondestructive Inspection System for BMI Nozzles in Nuclear Vessel (2013)

원자로 BMI 노즐은 원자력발전 설비의 운영을 위한 핵심요소 중 하나이며 하부헤드에 설치되어 있다. 상부헤드에 비해 비교적 저온영역에 있지만 최근 외국사례에 비추어 볼 때 PWSCC의 발생 가능성이 크기 때문에 가동중 비파괴검사가 반드시 필요하다. 그러나 BMI 노즐은 원자로 하부에 있기 때문에 고방사선 구역이며 원자로 내부는 붕산수로 채워져 있기 때문에 접근이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서 BMI 노즐 검사를 위하여 TOFD를 이용한 탐촉자를 개발하였고, 자동화검사를 위해 내방수 기능을 가진 스캐너를 개발하였다. 또한, BMI 노즐과 동일한 재질 및 형상으로 인공결함시험편을 제작하여 자동화 비파괴검사 시스템의 성능검증을 수행하였다. BMI nozzles in bottom head of the nuclear vessel are one of major components in nuclear power plants. The BMI nozzles have high possibility to generate PWSCC(primary water stress corrosion crack) according to recent foreign case although operation temperature is lower then the upper head of the nuclear vessel. Thus, nondestructive inspection of the BMI nozzles is required. But, inspection of BMI nozzles is not easy since the BMI nozzles placed in high radiated area and inside the nozzles filled with boric acid. Thus, in this study, a TOFD transducer for inspection of BMI and automated scanner system with water were developed. Also, validation of performance of the developed transducer and system are performed using specimens with artificial defects.