gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building and Understanding Adaptive Systems: A Statistical/Numerical Approach to Factory Automation and Brain Research (1987)

Successes with expert systems and other specialized systems have revived hopes for factory automation and productivity growth. A full realization of these potentials will require conscious effort to overcome obsolete rigidities, to develop unified and adaptive methods for integrating complex systems, and to increase our understanding of these systems (understanding which is vital to human productivity in developing software). How adaptive systems may be built and understood by extending control theory and statistics is discussed. Adaptive systems, like human infants, are less agile than young monkeys but have something important to contribute as they mature. It argues that the old dream of understanding intelligence in generalized terms, permitting a unified understanding of adaptive systems and of the human mind, was not incorrect; rather, the early attempts in that direction failed because they did not make full use of research possibilities in statistics, control theory, and numerical analysis (many of which are still unexploited) and were limited by hardware costs which are now coming down. A basic adaptive system derived from this approach fits the fundamental, qualitative empirical facts of human brain physiology in some detail (unlike the usual "general neuron models," which rarely even discriminate between basic components of the brain), and offers opportunities for further research; it can even translate certain fundamental ideas of Freud into something more mathematical and scientific. The mathematics of the basic system, and the fit to the brain, are described in detail.
Simultaneous wire sizing and wire spacing in post-layout performance optimization (2002)

In this paper, we study the wire sizing and wire spacing problem for post-layout performance optimization under Elmore delay model. Both ground capacitance and coupled capacitance in a wire are included in interconnect delay calculation. Combined with general ASIC design flow, we construct section constraint graph in each routing region and use the graph to guide segment sizing and spacing. By defining a cost function to trade-off between interconnect delay and routing area, we formulate wire sizing and wire spacing problem (WSSP) into a constraint-optimization problem and develop a heuristic algorithm to solve it. The preliminary experiments are promising.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Pyrimidinyl Pyrazole Derivatives. (1999)

Novel pyrimidinyl pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and examined for cytotoxic and antitumor activity. Mannich reaction was employed to construct this scaffold. Among the compounds synthesized, a series of propene derivatives exhibited a potent cytotoxic activity against some tumor cell lines including multidrug resistant cell lines due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein. The vinyl bond moiety in the scaffold was believed to be required for the cytotoxic activity. Among them, compound 14 g, when administered intraperitoneally, showed potent antitumor activity against the malignant ascites caused by intraperitoneal inoculation of P388 cells in mice. This compound also showed high activity against a solid tumor Meth A mouse fibrosarcoma when administered both intraperitoneally and orally.
Non-robotic fabrication of packaged microsystems by shape-and-solder directed self-assembly (2005)

The non robotic fabrication of packaged microsystems that contain non-identical parts has been accomplished by a directed self-assembly process. The self-assembly process uses geometrical shape recognition to identify different components and subsequent bond formation between liquid solder and metal coated areas to form mechanical and electrical connections. We applied this concept of shape recognition and subsequent formation of contacts to assemble and package microsystems that contained three building blocks: a silicon carrier, a semiconductor device segment, and a glass encapsulation unit. As semiconductor device segments, we tested 200 micrometer sized light emitting diodes. The microsystems self-assembled by sequentially adding parts to the assembly solution. Six hundred AlGaInP/GaAs light emitting diode segments self-assembled onto device carriers in 2 minutes without defects. Encapsulation units self-assembled onto the LED carrier assemblies to form a three-dimensional circuit path to operate the final device.
Vector sum excited linear prediction (VSELP) speech coding at 8 kbps (2002)

The vector sum excited linear prediction speech coder is presented. It utilizes a codebook with a structure that allows for a very efficient search procedure. Other advantages of the VSELP codebook structure are discussed, and a detailed description of an 8-kb/s VSELP coder is given. This coder was selected by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) as the standard for use in North American digital cellular telephone systems. The coder uses two VSELP excitation codebooks, a gain quantizer which is robust to channel errors, and a novel adaptive pre/postfilter arrangement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>ABA-Hypersensitive Germination3</i>Encodes a Protein Phosphatase 2C (AtPP2CA) That Strongly Regulates Abscisic Acid Signaling during Germination among Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2Cs (2005)

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates physiologically important developmental processes and stress responses. Previously, we reported on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) L. Heynh. ahg mutants, which are hypersensitive to ABA during germination and early growth. Among them, ABA-hypersensitive germination3 (ahg3) showed the strongest ABA hypersensitivity. In this study, we found that the AHG3 gene is identical to AtPP2CA, which encodes a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C). Although AtPP2CA has been reported to be involved in the ABA response on the basis of results obtained by reverse-genetics approaches, its physiological relevance in the ABA response has not been clarified yet. We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that the ahg3-1 missense mutation causes the loss of PP2C activity, providing concrete confirmation that this PP2C functions as a negative regulator in ABA signaling. Furthermore, we compared the effects of disruption mutations of eight structurally related PP2C genes of Arabidopsis, including ABI1, ABI2, HAB1, and HAB2, and found that the disruptant mutant of AHG3/AtPP2CA had the strongest ABA hypersensitivity during germination, but it did not display any significant phenotypes in adult plants. Northern-blot analysis clearly showed that AHG3/AtPP2CA is the most active among those PP2C genes in seeds. These results suggest that AHG3/AtPP2CA plays a major role among PP2Cs in the ABA response in seeds and that the functions of those PP2Cs overlap, but their unique tissue- or development-specific expression confers distinct and indispensable physiological functions in the ABA response.
A WIDEBAND MINIATURIZED DIPOLE ANTENNA ON A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (2009)

This paper investigates a miniaturized resonant antenna that comprises a meandered monopole and a partial ground plane. A bandwidth enhancement is found using the ground plane on the back side of the circuit board where the entire communication system resides. The meandered monopole together with the ground plane forms a wideband dipole antenna. The design shows over 25% 10dB impedance bandwidth at 2.5GHz ISM band with a monopole area of 300mils by 166mils on a small circuit board and a backside ground plane 1500mils by 600mils. The wire length is about one third and the Q factor is about twice as compared against the case of using a straight quarter-wave microstrip monopole. The antenna Q factor as a function of the ground plane area is characterized. The use of circuit ground as a part of an antenna should flnd useful applications in portable wireless systems. Good agreements are found between simulated and measured antenna gain patterns and return loss.
A genetic study of panic disorder pedigrees. (1980)

Pedigree analysis is done on 19 kindreds of panic disorder, and the results suggest that this disorder is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Seven of these 19 kindreds were ascertained through a panic disorder proband with mitral valve prolapse. When the analysis is done omitting these seven kindreds, the results also suggest that panic disorder without prolapse is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.
Natural History of<i>Bartonella</i>Infections (an Exception to Koch’s Postulate) (2002)

“I have, on many occasions, examined normal blood and normal tissues using methods that ensure that such organisms are not overlooked, and I have never, in a single instance, found bacteria. I therefore conclude that bacteria do not occur in the blood or tissues of healthy animals or humans” (R
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from Italian Medicinal Plants (2010)

Morbidity and mortality estimates due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections continue to rise. Therapeutic options are limited by antibiotic resistance. Anti-pathogenic compounds, which inhibit quorum sensing (QS) pathways, may be a useful alternative to antibiotics. Staphylococcal QS is encoded by the AGR locus and is responsible for the production of δ-hemolysin. Quantification of δ-hemolysin found in culture supernatants permits the analysis of AGR activity at the translational rather than transcriptional level. We employed reversed phase high performance chromatographic (RP-HPLC) techniques to investigate the anti-QS activity of 168 extracts from 104 Italian plants through quantification of δ-hemolysin. Extracts from three medicinal plants (Ballota nigra, Castanea sativa, and Sambucus ebulus) exhibited a dose-dependent response in the production of δ-hemolysin, indicating anti-QS activity in a pathogenic MRSA isolate.
Investigations on phosphorus recovery and reuse as soil amendment from electric arc furnace slag filters (2009)

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag has been identified as an effective filter material for the removal of phosphorus (P) from both point and non-point sources. To determine the feasibility of land-applying P saturated EAF steel slag this study was undertaken to investigate (i) saturated EAF steel slag material's potential as a P fertilizer or soil amendment and (ii) P desorption and metals leachate from saturated EAF steel slag material to surface runoff. Medicago sativa (alfalfa) was planted in a nutrient depleted washed sand media. Phosphorus was added either as saturated EAF steel slag or as a standard commercial phosphate fertilizer in order to assess the plant availability of the P from saturated EAF steel slag. Four different P application levels were tested: a low (20 lbs acre furrow slice(-1) (5.5 g P m(-3))) two medium (40 and 60 lbs. acre f.s.(-1) (11 and 16.5 g P m(-3))) and a high (120 lbs. acre f.s.(-1) (33 g P m(-3))). The above-ground biomass of half of the plants was harvested after 5 weeks and the second half at 10 weeks. All treatments regardless of the P source used showed high rates of germination. At the first harvest period (5 weeks) significantly higher above-ground biomass (p < 0.01) was seen at the 3 highest P amendment rates in treatments with triple super phosphate fertilizer (TSP) than with EAF steel slag. However, by the second harvest (10 weeks) only the highest amendment rate of TSP showed a significantly higher amount of biomass (p < 0.01), suggesting that EAF steel slag might be an effective slow release P source. In a second experiment, a rain simulator was used to assess desorption of DRP, TP and metals from a saturated and semi-saturated EAF steel slag. The results revealed that the total amounts of DRP and TP released to surface runoff from EAF steel slag were negligible when compared to the total quantities of P retained by this material. Overall the results from this study demonstrated that once the EAF steel slag filter reaches its saturation point, the material could be re-used as soil amendment for the slow release of bioavailable P with minimal risk for loss of P to surface runoff, bringing further benefits to the environment.
Identification of endemic foci of Lyme disease: isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) (1985)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for Lyme disease in eastern Connecticut. These bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). B. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. One spirochetemic mouse had infected Ixodes dammini and Dermacentor variabilis larvae attached, suggesting that these ticks may have acquired spirochetes from the host. Spirochetes isolated from P. leucopus, T. striatus, and D. variabilis larvae were serologically and genetically indistinguishable from reference B. burgdorferi isolates. We conclude that isolation of spirochetes from feral rodents is a method for identifying endemic areas of Lyme disease.
Intrinsically Microporous Soluble Polyimides Incorporating Tröger’s Base for Membrane Gas Separation (2014)

Polyimides with intrinsic microporosity were readily prepared by introducing Tröger’s base (TB) into the polymer backbone via polymerization between imide-containing diamines and dimethoxymethane (DMM). Two imide-containing diamines were prepared by reaction of 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPD) with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). The resulting polyimides were readily soluble in common organic solvents, had good mechanical properties, with tensile strength in the range of 59–64 MPa and elongation at break of 5–17%, good thermal stability and extremely high glass transition temperatures (Tgs), up to 425 °C. The polyimides with incorporated TB units had high fractional free volume (FFV ≥ 0.215) resulting from poor chain-packing and exhibited significant microporosity and good gas transport properties. The novel polymer architecture in this study extends the development of polyimides with intrinsic microporosity for membrane-based gas separation.
Safety profile of intravenous and subcutaneous siplizumab, an anti‐CD2 monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: results of two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies (2010)

Several biologics targeting different cytokines and receptors, including T-cell receptors, have been approved for psoriasis treatment. Siplizumab, a humanized anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody, may potentially provide an alternative therapy for psoriasis. Its safety profile and immunogenicity was examined in adults with plaque psoriasis. Two multicenter phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: one tested two intravenous (I.V.) doses (0.012 and 0.04 mg/kg) of siplizumab every 2 weeks x 8 doses (124 patients); the second study tested three subcutaneous (S.C.) dose regimens of siplizumab (5 mg x 12 weeks, 5 mg x 6 weeks + placebo x 6 weeks, 7 mg x 4 weeks + placebo x 8 weeks), and placebo x 12 weeks (420 patients). Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory values were monitored. Immunogenicity was determined by anti-siplizumab antibodies quantification. In both studies, siplizumab exhibited an acceptable safety profile; most common AEs judged to be siplizumab related were lymphopenia, chills, and headache, reported at a higher frequency in the siplizumab-treated vs. placebo group. Siplizumab-related reductions in absolute lymphocyte count did not result in clinical evidence of immune suppression. Anti-siplizumab antibodies were detected after exposure to siplizumab; however, there was no evidence of an association between antibody development and AEs. Siplizumab exhibited an acceptable safety profile in adult patients with plaque psoriasis when administered as multiple I.V. or S.C. doses. Higher, clinically relevant doses of siplizumab would need to be tested to fully assess its safety.
Estimation of the Voicing Cut-Off Frequency Contour Based on a Cumulative Harmonicity Score (2007)

We present a new algorithm for the estimation of the voicing cut-off frequency (VCO), i.e., the frequency that separates the harmonic low-frequency part from the aperiodic high-frequency part in voiced speech. The VCO is estimated as the frequency for which the sum of the harmonicity scores of all pitch harmonics below that frequency is maximized. The algorithm is combined with a powerful dynamic programming approach to track the VCO estimates over time. Remarkably accurate and smooth VCO contours are obtained, despite the simplicity of the algorithm. Applications include a.o. (sinusoidal) speech modeling, coding, and synthesis, as well as harmonic speech analysis for, e.g., automatic speech recognition.
Improved viewing resolution of integral videography by use of rotated prism sheets (2007)

We demonstrated that placing a pair of prism sheets in front of a display and rotating them overcomes the upper resolution limit of Integral Photograpy (IP) / Integral Videography (IV) imposed by the Nyquist sampling theorem. A pair of prism sheet with the same pitch placed in front of an IP or IV display parallel-shifts the light rays in the 3D space. Rotating the pair shifts the light rays, causing them to appear to rotate around their original positions. Changing the gap between the sheets changes the diameter of the apparent rotation. Changing the speed at which the sheets are rotated changes the speed of the image movement.. Experimental results showed that the quality of the IP and IV images is improved by using this technique. It is a simple and effective way to improve the viewing resolution of IP and IV images without reducing their 3D aspects, such as image depth. It also eliminates the need to move the lenslet array.
Locked Conformations for Proline Pyrrolidine Ring:  Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of <i>cis-</i> and <i>trans</i>-4-<i>tert</i>-Butylprolines (2005)

The motional restrictions of the proline pyrrolidine ring allow this secondary amine amino acid to act as a turn inducer in many peptides and proteins. The pyrrolidine ring is known to exhibit two predominant pucker modes (i.e., C-4 (Cgamma) exo and endo envelope conformers whose ratio can be controlled by proper substituents in the ring). In nature, the exo puckered 4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline plays a crucial role as a building block in collagen and collagen-like structures. It has been previously concluded that the electronegativity of the 4-cis-substituent increases the endo puckering while the electronegativity of the 4-trans-substituent favors the exo puckering. Here, we have introduced a sterically demanding tert-butyl group at C-4 in trans- and cis-configurations. In the case of trans-substitution, the induced puckering effect on the pyrrolidine ring was studied with X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectral simulations. Both cis- and trans-4-tert-butyl groups strongly favor pseudoequatorial orientation, thereby causing opposite puckering effects for the pyrrolidine ring, cis-exo and trans-endo for l-prolines, in contrast to the effects observed in the case of electronegative C-4 substituents. The syntheses and structural analysis are presented for the conformationally constrained 4-tert-butylprolines. The prolines were synthesized from 4-hydroxy-l-proline, substitution with t-BuCuSPhLi being the key transformation. This reaction gave N-Boc-trans-4-tert-butyl-l-proline tert-butyl ester in 94% ee and 57% de. Enantioselectivity was increased to 99.2% ee by crystallization of N-Boc-trans-4-tert-butyl-l-proline in the final step of the synthesis.
8. Les consentements à recevoir « anormalement élevés » sont-ils anormalement élevés ? (1998)

Je voudrai, pour conclure cette analyse de la divergence CAP/CAR, défendre l’idée que les consentements à recevoir très élevés ou infinis doivent a priori être considérés comme « normaux » et « légitimes ». Il semble en effet raisonnable d’interpréter les CAR infinis ou très élevés comme des refus de « vendre » le bien environnemental évalué. Signalons tout d’abord que le phénomène des consentements à recevoir très élevés ou infinis est un phénomène qui n’est ni marginal, ni rare : « Continge...
Thermally Reduced Ruthenium Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Monoaromatics (2007)

We report here a thermal reduction method for preparing Ru catalysts supported on a carbon substrate. Mesoporous SBA-15 silica, surface-carbon-coated SBA-15, templated mesoporous carbon, activated carbon, and carbon black with different pore structures and compositions were employed as catalyst supports to explore the versatility of the thermal reduction method. Nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was observed that carbon species that could thermally reduce Ru species at high temperatures played a vital role in the reduction process. Ru nanoparticles supported on various carbon-based substrates exhibited good dispersion with an appropriate particle size, high crystallinity, strong resistance against oxidative atmosphere, less leaching, lack of aggregation, and avoidance of pore blocking. As such, these catalysts display a remarkably high catalytic activity and stability in the hydrogenation of benzene and toluene (up to 3-24-fold compared with Ru catalysts prepared by traditional methods). It is believed that the excellent catalytic performance of the thermally reduced Ru nanoparticles is related to the intimate interfacial contact between the Ru nanoparticles and the carbon support.
A fast variational framework for accurate solid-fluid coupling (2007)

Physical simulation has emerged as a compelling animation technique, yet current approaches to coupling simulations of fluids and solids with irregular boundary geometry are inefficient or cannot handle some relevant scenarios robustly. We propose a new variational approach which allows robust and accurate solution on relatively coarse Cartesian grids, allowing possibly orders of magnitude faster simulation. By rephrasing the classical pressure projection step as a kinetic energy minimization, broadly similar to modern approaches to rigid body contact, we permit a robust coupling between fluid and arbitrary solid simulations that always gives a well-posed symmetric positive semi-definite linear system. We provide several examples of efficient fluid-solid interaction and rigid body coupling with sub-grid cell flow. In addition, we extend the framework with a new boundary condition for free-surface flow, allowing fluid to separate naturally from solids.