gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection in rabbits induced by the Texas Star-SR attenuated A-B+ mutant candidate live oral cholera vaccine (1982)

The avirulent, A-B+, streptomycin-resistant mutant designated Texas Star-SR, isolated from a virulent, hypertoxinogenic, colonizing strain of Vibrio cholerae (Ogawa serotype, El Tor biotype) and administered intragastrically or intraduodenally in adult rabbits, has been found to induce substantial immunity to subsequent challenge (in ligated intestinal loops) with virulent wild-type cholera vibrios (of both homologous and heterologous biotype and serotype). Significant resistance to challenge with one strain of human heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-producing Escherichia coli was also demonstrated, but resistance against two other human LT-producing strains was either nil or marginal under these experimental conditions. Significant, but not striking, resistance against challenge with purified choleragen was obtained, whereas protection against a bolus challenge of purified porcine LT was not statistically significant.
Bromination Studies with 5-Hydroxybenzothiophene (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination Studies with 5-HydroxybenzothiopheneM. Martin-Smith and Marshall GatesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 6177–6180Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Bone and Calcium Research Update 2015. The regulation of proliferation and differentiation by the ER stress transducer in chondrocytes]. (2015)

BBF2H7 is an ER-resident transmembrane transcription factor which is structurally similar to ATF6, one of the canonical ER stress transducers, and preferentially expresses in chondrocytes. This molecule is processed at the transmembrane region in response to ER stress or differentiation stimuli. The cleaved amino (N) -terminal cytoplasmic domain promotes transcription of the ER-Golgi trafficking protein Sec23a, and plays a crucial role in secretion of extracellular matrix proteins from chondrocytes during cartilage formation. On the contrary, the cleaved C-terminal luminal domain of BBF2H7 is secreted from chondrocytes. The secreted BBF2H7 C-terminus directly binds to both Indian Hedgehog and its receptor Patched-1, and facilitates complex formation of the ligand-receptor followed by activation of Hedgehog signaling to promote proliferation in neighbouring chondrocytes. The dual N- and C-terminal functions of BBF2H7 triggered by physiological ER stress could allow chondrocytes to promote simultaneously distinct cellular events for differentiation and proliferation in developing cartilage.
CLINICAL PRACTICE A Critical Appraisal of the Revised Trauma Score (2004)

Objectives: The trauma score and its later revision were developed as a triage index which could be readily calculated and interpreted in the prehospital environment. This paper aims to critically examine the available literature to determine if the Revised Trauma Score actually measures what it is intended to measure. Methods: A thorough Medline literature search was undertaken of the OVID database. All available journal articles which addressed reliability and validity testing of the Revised Trauma Score were reviewed. Each of the instrument’s clinimetric properties are described and critically appraised. Conclusions: As a predictive instrument, the Revised Trauma Score has been shown to have a moderate to high ability to accurately predict survival. In its secondary role discrimination, it has been shown to have equivocal ‘between-person’ sensitivity.
Stochastic Sparse Learning with Momentum Adaptation for Imprecise Memristor Networks (2019)

Memristor based neural networks have great potentials in on-chip neuromorphic computing systems due to the fast computation and low-energy consumption. However, the imprecise properties of existing memristor devices generally result in catastrophic failures for the network in-situ training, which significantly impedes their engineering applications. In this work, we design a novel learning scheme that integrates stochastic sparse updating with momentum adaption (SSM) to efficiently train the imprecise memristor networks with high classification accuracy. The SSM scheme consists of: (1) a stochastic and discrete learning method to make weight updates sparse; (2) a momentum based gradient algorithm to eliminate training noises and distill robust updates; (3) a network re-initialization method to mitigate the device-to-device variation; (4) an update compensation strategy to further stabilize the weight programming process. With the SSM scheme, experiments show that the classification accuracy on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) improves from 26.12% to 90.07% and from 65.98% to 92.38%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total numbers of weight updating pulses decrease 90% and 40% in MLP and CNN, respectively, and the convergence rates are both 3x faster. The SSM scheme provides a high-accuracy, low-power, and fast-convergence solution for the in-situ training of imprecise memristor networks, which is crucial to future neuromorphic intelligence systems.
Discovery of an Orally Efficacious Inhibitor of Coagulation Factor Xa Which Incorporates a Neutral P<sub>1</sub>Ligand (2003)

The discovery and SAR of ketopiperazino methylazaindole factor Xa inhibitors are described. Structure-activity data suggesting that this class of inhibitors does not bind in the canonical mode were confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure showing the neutral haloaromatic bound in the S(1) subsite. The most potent azaindole, 33 (RPR209685), is selective against related serine proteases and attains higher levels of exposure upon oral dosing than comparable benzamidines and benzamidine isosteres. Compound 33 was efficacious in the canine AV model of thrombosis.
RGK Small GTP-binding Proteins Interact with the Nucleotide Kinase Domain of Ca2+-channel β-Subunits via an Uncommon Effector Binding Domain (2007)

RGK proteins (Kir/Gem, Rad, Rem, and Rem2) form a small subfamily of the Ras superfamily. Despite a conserved GTP binding core domain, several differences suggest that structure, mechanism of action, and functional regulation differ from Ras. RGK proteins down-regulate voltage-gated calcium channel activity by binding in a GTP-dependent fashion to the Cavbeta subunits. Mutational analysis combined with homology modeling reveal a novel effector binding mechanism distinct from that of other Ras GTPases. In this model the Switch 1 region acts as an allosteric activator that facilitates electrostatic interactions between Arg-196 in Kir/Gem and Asp-194, -270, and -272 in the nucleotide-kinase (NK) domain of Cavbeta3 and wedging Val-223 and His-225 of Kir/Gem into a hydrophobic pocket in the NK domain. Kir/Gem interacts with a surface on the NK domain that is distinct from the groove where the voltage-gated calcium channel Cavalpha1 subunit binds. A complex composed of the RGK protein and the Cavbeta3 and Cav1.2 subunits could be revealed in vivo using coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Intriguingly, docking of the RGK protein to the NK domain of the Cavbeta subunit is reminiscent of the binding of GMP to guanylate kinase.
Microwave Filters Employing a Single Cavity Excited in More than One Mode (1951)

A cavity resonator with input and output couplings represents a two-terminal-pair network with an infinite number of natural modes of oscillation. In some cavities of special shape, a number of degenerate modes with identical natural frequencies can be found. In a single cavity, various numbers of these degenerate modes can be coupled together to form a chain of coupled circuits by perturbing the otherwise ideal geometrical configuration of the cavity. The filter behavior is prescribed, and the two-terminal-pair network realizing this is obtained by a process of synthesis.
<b>A male gametophyte‐specific monosaccharide transporter in</b><i><b>Arabidopsis</b></i> (1999)

The AtSTP2 gene (sugar transport protein 2) of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a high affinity, low specificity monosaccharide carrier that can transport a number of hexoses and pentoses at similar rates. AtSTP2 has 12 putative transmembrane helices and a molecular mass of 55.0 kDa. AtSTP2 expression was localized in AtSTP2 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) Arabidopsis plants showing AtSTP2-driven GUS activity during pollen maturation and also in germinating pollen. Immunohistochemical studies with anti-AtSTP2 antiserum as well as RNA in situ hybridization analyses modified these results and showed that AtSTP2 expression is confined to the early stages of gametophyte development. Both AtSTP2 mRNA and AtSTP2 protein are first seen at the time of beginning callose degradation and microspore release from the tetrades. AtSTP2 mRNA and AtSTP2 protein are no longer detected after the mitotic divisions and the formation of the trinucleate gametophyte. No AtSTP2 mRNA or AtSTP2 protein is seen in fully developed or germinating pollen. The putative role of AtSTP2 in the uptake of glucose units resulting from callose degradation during pollen maturation is discussed.
Control of electrical conductivity in laser deposited SrTiO3 thin films with Nb doping (1994)

Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) thin films (Nb, 0&lt;x&lt;100 mol%) with a-axis orientation have been prepared on nondoped STO (100) and LaAlO3 (100) single crystals using a pulsed laser deposition technique. Solid-solution films are formed between STO and SrNbO3 without any impurity phases. Electrical conductivities of Nb-doped STO films can be controlled from 10−7 to 104 S/cm by changing the concentration of the doped Nb. Carrier concentration of the Nb-doped STO films also increases by increasing the Nb concentration.
Lung Air Spaces: MR Imaging Evaluation with Hyperpolarized<sup>3</sup>He Gas (1999)

Thirty-two magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the lungs were performed in 16 subjects after inhalation of 1-2 L of helium 3 gas that was laser polarized to 10%-25%. The distribution of the gas was generally uniform, with visualization of the fissures in most cases. Ventilation defects were demonstrated in smokers and in a subject with allergies. The technique has potential for evaluating small airways disease.
Antibody Assays for Varicella-Zoster Virus: Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay with Neutralization, Immune Adherence Hemagglutination, and Complement Fixation (1978)

An enzyme immunossay (EIA) was adapted for detection of antibody to varicella-zoster virus, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of neutralization, immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), and complement fixation tests. Test sera showed little nonspecific reactivity in the EIA system, and valid results could usually be obtained at serum dilutions as low as 1:8. Demonstration of the presence or absence of varicella-zoster viral antibody by EIA showed 94% correlation with results obtained in neutralization tests, but EIA titers were 2- to 16-fold higher than neutralizing antibody titers. Results by IAHA showed 87% correlation with those obtained by neutralization. No false positive IAHA results were seen, but a number of false negative IAHA results were seen at the 1:8 serum dilution, particularly in older individuals. With increasing age (>40 years), and presumably increased time from varicella infection, neutralizing antibody levels generally declined to 1:8 or 1:16, EIA levels fell to 1:128 or 1:256, and IAHA and complement fixation antibody titers were usually <1:8 or 1:8. EIA and IAHA were as reliable as the neutralization and complement fixation tests for serodiagnosis of varicella and zoster infections. All tests demonstrated heterotypic varicella-zoster antibody titer rises in selected patients with initial herpes simplex virus infections, but fewer heterotypic responses were seen by EIA than by the other methods. EIA offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for varicella-zoster antibody assay that is applicable to use in a clinical setting.
Unsupervised Word Segmentation and Lexicon Discovery Using Acoustic Word Embeddings (2016)

In settings where only unlabeled speech data is available, speech technology needs to be developed without transcriptions, pronunciation dictionaries, or language modelling text. A similar problem is faced when modeling infant language acquisition. In these cases, categorical linguistic structure needs to be discovered directly from speech audio. We present a novel unsupervised Bayesian model that segments unlabeled speech and clusters the segments into hypothesized word groupings. The result is a complete unsupervised tokenization of the input speech in terms of discovered word types. In our approach, a potential word segment (of arbitrary length) is embedded in a fixed-dimensional acoustic vector space. The model, implemented as a Gibbs sampler, then builds a whole-word acoustic model in this space while jointly performing segmentation. We report word error rates in a small-vocabulary connected digit recognition task by mapping the unsupervised decoded output to ground truth transcriptions. The model achieves around 20% error rate, outperforming a previous HMM-based system by about 10% absolute. Moreover, in contrast to the baseline, our model does not require a pre-specified vocabulary size.
Safe Geometric Speed Planning Approach for Autonomous Driving through Occluded Intersections (2020)

Autonomous driving in urban environment needs to anticipate a number of dangerous events, such as the presence of moving vehicles in occluded areas. This paper presents an approach computing a safe motion along a fixed path in an urban environment with dynamic vehicles that may be occluded. The method works on the time-path space and uses a visibility graph to compute the speed profile, considering both safety and comfort. Evaluations performed on CARLA simulator on several typical scenarios show that the approach is able to drive safely in presence of hidden obstacles.
11C-5 Characterization of Time-Varying Mechanical Viscoelastic Parameters of Mimicking Deep Vein Thrombi with 2D Dynamic Elastography (2007)

Staging mechanical properties of deep vein thrombi (elasticity and viscosity) can be of importance for therapy planning because the compactness of a blood clot impacts the efficiency of thrombolysis drugs. This article proposes the dynamic vascular elastography (DVE) method to solve this problem. It consists to retrieve viscoelastic parameters of 8-mm diameter blood clot cylindrical inclusions from shear wave propagation characteristics. The technique firstly implies the generation of a low frequency (50-190 Hz) harmonic plane shear wave in the medium and the tracking of this wave with an ultra- fast ultrasound scanner (frame rate > 3000 Hz). An inverse problem was formulated as a least-square minimization between simulations and experimental results of viscoelasticity. The wave excitation technique also permitted to do a multi-frequency analysis to validate the Voigt's model as a valid approach to represent the viscoelasticity of blood clots. DVE proved to have sufficient sensitivity to follow the time-varying blood coagulation process and to differentiate mechanical properties of blood samples with different hematocrits.
Modeling of polysilicon dopant diffusion for shallow-junction bipolar technology (1984)

The diffusion of boron and arsenic from polycrystaline silicon layers into bulk silicon is characterized. Diffusion coefficients are extracted and compared with bulk values used in the SUPREM III process simulator. Results show that for concentrations below n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> there is enhanced diffusivity and diffusion "tails" are observed. Arsenic profiles show a dose dependence of the tail region. Under conditions of co-diffusion of boron and arsenic in poly, the boron diffusion is dramatically retarded and no tail region is observed in the bulk. Implications of diffusion in and from polysilicon will be discussed for bipolar technology.
The role of mast cells during influenza A virus infection (2017)

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of seasonal viral respiratory infections and causes ∼36,000 deaths and ∼1.7 million hospitalizations each year in the United States alone. Moreover, IAV has the potential to cause global pandemics, which have significantly greater morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality associated with IAV infections is thought to be the result of significant pulmonary immunopathology from the inflammatory response rather than viral replication. The initial lines of defense against pathogens in the lungs include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, tissue resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Additionally, recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages is required for optimal clearance of IAV. Recent global analysis of lungs from mice infected with highly pathological IAV strains demonstrated enrichment of a mast cell transcriptional response, but the role of mast cells during severe pulmonary viral infections has been under studied. We found that A/WSN/33 causes significant immunopathology in C57Bl/6 mice and viral-induced pathology is mast cell-dependent. A/WSN/33 is able to directly activate bone marrow cultured mast cells (BMCMC) to produce histamine, leukotrienes, inflammatory cytokines, and anti-viral chemokines. Moreover, human H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B virus isolates can activate murine BMCMC in vitro suggesting this pathway could play a role during human infections. BMCMC activation requires infection of mast cells by IAV, which is dependent on the viral hemagglutinin specificity for α2,6-linked sialic acids. Cytokine and chemokine production from BMCMC occurs in a RIG-I-dependent fashion that requires the de novo production of vRNA. Conversely, degranulation occurs through a RIG-I-independent mechanism. Reconstitution of mast cell deficient mice with RIG-I-/- BMCMC generates lung pathology similar to wild-type BMCMC, suggesting that mast cell degranulation, rather than production of cytokines, causes A/WSN/33 induced lung pathology. Using recombinant A/WSN/33 strains, we found an association between binding of the A/WSN/33 hemagglutinin to α2,6-sialic acids and subsequent interactions with neuraminidase is important for degranulation. Thus, we have identified a unique inflammatory cascade that could be therapeutically targeted to limit morbidity following infection with IAV.
Systematic Literature Review on the Anonymization of High Dimensional Streaming Datasets for Health Data Sharing (2015)

One of the biggest challenges to health data sharingis regulations that prohibit the transmission and distribution of Personal Health Information (PHI) even among collaborating organizations. This impedes research and reduces the utility of these datasets. Anonymization can address this issue by hidingPHI while maintaining the analytical utility of the data. Much research has focused on data that is static, independent and complete. Unfortunately, this is not typical of health data. Instead of static, independent tables, health data is in relational databases with multiple high-dimensional tables that are transactional and constantly changing. Data recipients usually receive multiple versions of the database over time. This study reviews literature on anonymization methodologies for large and fast changing high-dimensional datasets, especially health data. Relevant papers are analyzed, categorized and compared in terms of scope, and contributions. Finally, we used the extracted details from our analysis to outline possible research direction for developing a realistic anonymization framework for health data sharing.
Evidence that Lin28 stimulates translation by recruiting RNA helicase A to polysomes (2011)

The stem cell protein Lin28 functions to inhibit the biogenesis of a group of miRNAs but also stimulates the expression of a subset of mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level, the underlying mechanism of which is not yet understood. Here we report the characterization of the molecular interplay between Lin28 and RNA helicase A (RHA) known to play an important role in remodeling ribonucleoprotein particles during translation. We show that reducing Lin28 expression results in decreased RHA association with polysomes while increasing Lin28 expression leads to elevated RHA association. Further, the carboxyl terminus of Lin28 is necessary for interaction with both the amino and carboxyl termini of RHA. Importantly, a carboxyl terminal deletion mutant of Lin28 that retains RNA-binding activity fails to interact with RHA and exhibits dominant-negative effects on Lin28-dependent stimulation of translation. Taken together, these results lead us to suggest that Lin28 may stimulate translation by actively recruiting RHA to polysomes.
Cutting Edge: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonists Drm/Gremlin and Dan Interact with Slits and Act as Negative Regulators of Monocyte Chemotaxis (2004)

Drm/Gremlin and Dan, two homologous secreted antagonists of bone morphogenic proteins, have been shown to regulate early development, tumorigenesis, and renal pathophysiology. In this study, we report that Drm and Dan physically and functionally interact with Slit1 and Slit2 proteins. Drm binding to Slits depends on its glycosylation and is not interfered with by bone morphogenic proteins. Importantly, Drm and Dan function as inhibitors for monocyte migration induced by stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) or fMLP. The inhibition of SDF-1alpha-induced monocyte chemotaxis by Dan is not due to blocking the binding of SDF-1alpha to its receptor. Thus, the results identify that Drm and Dan can interact with Slit proteins and act as inhibitors of monocyte chemotaxis, demonstrating a previously unidentified biological role for these proteins.