gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of disinfectants against biofilm cells of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (1996)

The effect of disinfectants on biofilm cells of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated. Eradication of biofilm cells of MRSA by chlorhexidine gluconate, benzalkonium chloride, alkyldiaminoethyl glycine and sodium hypochlorite required a much longer time than that of planktonic cells in suspensions. Benzalkonium chloride (0.1%) and alkyldiaminoethyl glycine (0.1%) were ineffective for eradication of biofilm cells even after 1 h, but were effective for eradication of planktonic cells within 20 s. Sodium hypochlorite (0.01%) was also ineffective for eradication of biofilm cells even after 30 min, but was lethal to planktonic cells within 20 s.
The Religious Ideals of the Student Volunteer Movement (1924)

Quadrennial gatherings furnish excellent occasions for taking account of movements and tendencies. The Convention at Indianapolis reveals the young people themselves sharing for the first time in the direction of the organization. It discloses a new emphasis upon world-solidarity, an enlarged interpretation of the missionary enterprise, an increasing confidence in the method of investigation and open discussion, an effort to interpret Christianity in terms of the needs of the world today, and the beginning of a new affiliation of the young people of America with the growing student class of the world.
Intracellular localization and properties of particulate hexokinase in the Novikoff ascites tumor. Evidence for an outer mitochondrial membrane location. (1983)

A detailed investigation concerned with localizing hexokinase in the Novikoff ascites tumor is presented. At least 50% of the total hexokinase activity was shown by differential and density gradient centrifugation techniques to be associated with tumor mitochondria. None of this activity was latent. Fractionation of isolated tumor mitochondria with digitonin revealed an outer membrane location for this enzyme. Treatment of tumor mitochondria with glucose 6-phosphate released about 80 to 85% of the hexokinase activity without disrupting the intermembrane compartment. This suggests that at least this proportion of the activity is bound to the outer surface of the outer membrane. Successive treatments did not remove the remaining hexokinase activity. At 30 degrees C, an incubation time of about 10 min with glucose 6-phosphate was required to achieve maximal release. No solubilization occurred at 0-4 degrees C. The isozymes derived from Novikoff mitochondria were identified by anion exchange chromatography as types I and III. Glucokinase activity was not detectable. Evidence is also presented which indicates that the hexokinase obtained from Novikoff mitochondria binds to the outer membrane of rat liver mitochondria. In contrast, the low endogenous hexokinase activity present in isolated liver mitochondria was found not to fractionate with outer membrane markers, but rather with contaminating microsomal membrane markers. Results described here provide the first direct evidence for the submitochondrial location of hexokinase in a tumor. They reveal an outer membrane location and an involvement of two hexokinase isozymes. Because these findings are characteristic of the hepatoma and not observed in control liver preparations, it is suggested that they may be very relevant to the general property of rapidly growing tumors to catabolize large amounts of glucose.
RRAM based synaptic devices for neuromorphic visual systems (2015)

Neuromorphic computing is an attractive computation paradigm with the features of massive parallelism, adaptivity to the complex input information, and tolerance to errors. As one of the most crucial components in a neuromorphic system, the electronic synapse requires high device integration density and low-energy consumption. Oxide-based resistive switching devices (RRAM) have emerged as the leading candidate to realize the synapse functions due to the extra-low energy loss per spike. This work will address the design and optimization of oxide-based RRAM synaptic devices and the impacts of the synaptic devices parameters on the performance of neuromorphic visual system. Possible solutions are also provided to suppress the intrinsic variation of the oxide-RRAM based synaptic devices to achieve high recognition accuracy and efficiency of neuromorphic visual systems.
A 32 Gb/s Backplane Transceiver With On-Chip AC-Coupling and Low Latency CDR in 32 nm SOI CMOS Technology (2014)

This paper describes key design features of a 32 Gb/s 4-tap FFE/15-tap DFE transceiver in 32 nm SOI CMOS which mitigate major sources of degradation in transceiver performance. The transceiver employs a passive feed-forward restore (FFR) scheme in an on-chip AC-coupling network to prevent pattern-dependent baseline wander, a low-latency clock and data recovery (CDR) to improve high-frequency jitter tolerance, and a token-based power management scheme to reduce supply ripple. At 32 Gb/s, the transceiver can equalize a channel with 30 dB of loss at a bit-error rate below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> while consuming 21 mW/Gbps at 1 V supply and an area of 0.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Mesoporous Silica Supraparticles for Sustained Inner‐Ear Drug Delivery (2014)

Mesoporous silica supraparticles (MS-SPs) are prepared via self-assembly of mesoporous silica nanoparticles under capillary force action in confined droplets. The MS-SPs are effective carriers for sustained drug delivery. Animal studies show that these particles are suitable for chronic intracochlear implantation, and neurotrophins released from the MS-SPs can efficiently rescue primary auditory neurons in an in vivo sensorineural hearing loss model.
Deoxynojirimycin inhibits the formation of Glc<sub>3</sub>Man<sub>9</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>‐PP‐dolichol in intestinal epithelial cells in culture (1985)

The lipid-linked oligosaccharides synthesized in the presence of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DJN) and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (MDJN), were compared in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells in culture. HPLC analysis of the oligosaccharides obtained before and after exhaustive jack bean alpha-mannosidase digestion indicates that control and MDJN-treated cells synthesize similar amounts of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. In contrast, the formation of this compound is greatly reduced in DJN-treated cells, the major lipid-linked oligosaccharide found being Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. The decreased availability of the preferred donor for protein glycosylation may account for the impaired glycosylation and secretion of certain glycoproteins in the presence of DJN.
Laser power sharing in the subscriber loop (1987)

An experimental system that demonstrates the sharing of laser power among 64 and 128 subscribers is reported. In this system only two laser transmitters are employed at the ‘remote electronics’ site while 600 Mbit/s signals are transmitted up and downstream between subscribers and the remote electronics sites using Ti:LiNbO3 external modulators.
Bitter triggers acetylcholine release from polymodal urethral chemosensory cells and bladder reflexes (2014)

Chemosensory cells in the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract ("brush cells") use the canonical taste transduction cascade to detect potentially hazardous content and trigger local protective and aversive respiratory reflexes on stimulation. So far, the urogenital tract has been considered to lack this cell type. Here we report the presence of a previously unidentified cholinergic, polymodal chemosensory cell in the mammalian urethra, the potential portal of entry for bacteria and harmful substances into the urogenital system, but not in further centrally located parts of the urinary tract, such as the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. Urethral brush cells express bitter and umami taste receptors and downstream components of the taste transduction cascade; respond to stimulation with bitter (denatonium), umami (monosodium glutamate), and uropathogenic Escherichia coli; and release acetylcholine to communicate with other cells. They are approached by sensory nerve fibers expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and intraurethral application of denatonium reflexively increases activity of the bladder detrusor muscle in anesthetized rats. We propose a concept of urinary bladder control involving a previously unidentified cholinergic chemosensory cell monitoring the chemical composition of the urethral luminal microenvironment for potential hazardous content.
Intracranial bleeding, fibrinolysis, and anticoagulation. Causal connections and clinical implications. (1994)

A drug can be an inert substance, a poison, or a therapeutic agent dependent upon how it is used and the dosage in which it is given."
Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular Size in Aging Mice (2014)

The decline of circulating testosterone levels in aging men is associated with adverse health effects. During studies of probiotic bacteria and obesity, we discovered that male mice routinely consuming purified lactic acid bacteria originally isolated from human milk had larger testicles and increased serum testosterone levels compared to their age-matched controls. Further investigation using microscopy-assisted histomorphometry of testicular tissue showed that mice consuming Lactobacillus reuteri in their drinking water had significantly increased seminiferous tubule cross-sectional profiles and increased spermatogenesis and Leydig cell numbers per testis when compared with matched diet counterparts This showed that criteria of gonadal aging were reduced after routinely consuming a purified microbe such as L. reuteri. We tested whether these features typical of sustained reproductive fitness may be due to anti-inflammatory properties of L. reuteri, and found that testicular mass and other indicators typical of old age were similarly restored to youthful levels using systemic administration of antibodies blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A. This indicated that uncontrolled host inflammatory responses contributed to the testicular atrophy phenotype in aged mice. Reduced circulating testosterone levels have been implicated in many adverse effects; dietary L. reuteri or other probiotic supplementation may provide a viable natural approach to prevention of male hypogonadism, absent the controversy and side-effects of traditional therapies, and yield practical options for management of disorders typically associated with normal aging. These novel findings suggest a potential high impact for microbe therapy in public health by imparting hormonal and gonad features of reproductive fitness typical of much younger healthy individuals.
Convergences in Course of Illness and Treatments of the Epilepsies and Recurrent Affective Disorders (2004)

The failure to achieve and maintain remission is a critical problem for a high percentage of patients with epilepsy and the primary affective disorders. Early illness onset and delayed initiation of treatment may contribute to primary treatment resistance or that associated with loss of efficacy (tolerance phenomenon). Neurobiological data and principles drawn from the amygdala kinding model of seizure progression are reviewed for their heuristic value in conceptualizing molecular mechanisms of illness progression and its prevention with pharmacological agents in the epilepsies and, indirectly, the recurrent affective disorders. Caveats in the use of this model and convergences and divergences in its predictive validity for seizures and affective disorders are noted.
Liposomes as Cyclosporin a Carriers: Positively Charged Lecithin-Cholesterol Liposomes Associated with Cyclosporin a do not Inhibit Biosynthesis of Mitochondrial Poly Glycerophosphates and Microsomal Phosphatidylinositol (1989)

Phosphatidylcholine (from egg yolk)-cholesterol-stearylamine (7:2:2.25, molar ratio) liposomes when associated with cyclosporin A (phosphatidylcholine:cyclosporin A = 2:0.07, molar ratio) do not inhibit significantly the biosynthesis of [3H]polyglycerophosphatides and [3H]phosphatidylinositol in mitochondrial and microsomal membranes, respectively, isolated from rat liver. These results are explained by possible protection of the liposomes by cyclosporin A against phospholipase A2 hydrolysis.
Multi-Functional Thermosensitive Composite Microspheres with High Magnetic Susceptibility Based on Magnetite Colloidal Nanoparticle Clusters (2009)

Monodisperse organic/inorganic composite microspheres with well-defined structure were prepared through the encapsulation of silica coated superparamagnetic magnetite colloidal nanoparticle clusters (CNCs) with cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell. At first, the sub-micrometer-sized CNCs were fabricated by the solvothermal process, and then a silica layer was coated on the surface of CNCs through a sol-gel process, and finally, a thermoresponsive shell of PNIPAM was deposited onto the surface of the core/shell magnetic microspheres by a precipitation polymerization. The experimental results showed that the size of Fe(3)O(4) core, the thickness of SiO(2) shell, as well as volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of PNIPAM shell could be well controlled, and this structured modulation could satisfy different requirements. The superparamagnetic behavior, high magnetization (the saturation magnetization of Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/PNIPAM microspheres with a 10% cross-linking density is 41.6 emu/g), and good thermosensitivity make these composite microspheres an ideal candidate for various important applications such as in controlled drug delivery, bioseparation, and catalysis.
Collision risk prediction and warning at road intersections using an object oriented Bayesian network (2013)

This paper describes a novel approach to situation analysis at intersections using object-oriented Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network infers the collision probability for all vehicles approaching the intersection, while taking into account traffic rules, the digital street map, and the sensors' uncertainties. The environment perception is fused from communicated data, vehicles local perception and self-localization. Thus, a cooperatively validated set of data is obtained to characterize all objects involved in a situation (resolving occlusions). The system is tested with data, acquired by vehicles with heterogenic equipment (without/with perception).
Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in human heart failure. A possible mechanism for alterations in systolic and diastolic properties of the failing myocardium. (1993)

Recent studies have shown that intracellular Ca2+ handling is abnormal in the myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure. Muscles from the failing hearts showed a prolonged Ca2+ transient and a diminished capacity to restore a low resting Ca2+ level during diastole. Accordingly, we examined whether this defect in Ca2+ transport function is due to alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression. We determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport proteins in failing human hearts from 17 cardiac transplant recipients with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy, primary pulmonary hypertension, or ischemic heart disease. The expression levels of each mRNA were compared with each other and then correlated with that of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA in the failing ventricle. The mRNA levels for the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor, RYR2), Ca2+ uptake pump (Ca(2+)-ATPase, SERCA2 isoform), and phospholamban differed significantly between heart samples but showed an inverse relation with that of ventricular ANF mRNA. In contrast, calsequestrin mRNA levels remained unchanged in these failing hearts. In addition, beta-myosin and alpha-cardiac actin mRNA levels also showed an inverse relation with ANF mRNA levels. These changes were observed in both right and left ventricles of hearts with congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, primary pulmonary hypertension, or ischemic heart disease. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that abnormal calcium handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of failing hearts is due to the altered expression of the genes encoding sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins.
Plasma Somatotropin and Prolactin Concentrations in Young Dairy Sires Before and After a 24-Hour Fast (1990)

To examine the efficacy of plasma concentrations of bST or prolactin as predictors of expected daughter performance, blood samples were collected from young Holstein sires. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals via jugular cannulas from 1000 until 1600 h (d 1), beginning 4 h after morning hay feeding. Bulls were not fed again until after collection of blood samples on d 2. Samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 1000 until 1300 h on d 2. Peak values and frequency of hormonal secretory patterns of each bull were characterized by an iterative process in which values greater than 2 SD from the mean were flagged as peaks and excluded from the subsequent calculation of SD and mean. The process continued until an iteration in which no new peaks were flagged. Imposition of a 24-h fast did not alter mean basal bST or prolactin concentrations, but reduced mean peak and overall concentrations of both hormones. The number of bST peaks on d 1 was inversely related to both USDA and Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and both USDA and Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison sire PD for milk yield, but was positively correlated on d 2 with USDA Pedigree Index for milk yield. Mean peak bST on d 2 was correlated with Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Estimated Breeding Value for fat yield and sire USDA PD for fat yield. Prolactin peak frequency on d 1 was negatively related to Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and sire PD for fat yield. Difference between mean prolactin on d 1 and 2 was negatively related to Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and Estimated Breeding Value for fat yield. Endocrine parameters in young sires may be related to genetic merit for production parameters.
Comparison of cream of rice agar and horse serum for differentiating germ tubes of Candida albicans from filaments of Candida tropicalis (1977)

Simple cream of rice agar was superior to horse serum for the demonstration of germ tubes by Candida albicans and in the differentiation of pseudohyphae of Candida tropicalis from germ tubes at 37 degrees C. Mycelium and chlamydospores were also produced on this medium.
Production of human cytochrome P450 2D6 drug metabolites with recombinant microbes – a comparative study (2012)

The processes of drug development require efficient strategies to produce the respective drug metabolites, which are often difficult to obtain. Biotransformations employing recombinant microorganisms as whole-cell biocatalysts have become an attractive alternative to the chemical syntheses of such metabolites. For the first time, the potential of four different microbial systems expressing the human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), which is one of the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes, were compared and evaluated for such applications. The microbial host Pichia pastoris was the most efficient at expressing CYP2D6. Without additional over-expression of chaperons, the achieved yield of CYP2D6 was the highest of microbial hosts reported so far. Therefore, the system described in this study outperformed the previously reported expression of the N-terminally modified enzyme. It was also shown that the activities of the whole-cell conversions of bufuralol in recombinant P. pastoris were significantly higher than the Escherichia coli catalyst, which expressed the same unmodified gene.
Blended acquisition with dispersed source arrays (2012)

ABSTRACT Blended source arrays are historically configured with equal source units, such as broadband vibrators (land) and broadband air-gun arrays (marine). I refer to this concept as homogeneous blending. I have proposed to extend the blending concept to inhomogeneous blending, meaning that a blended source array consists of different source units. More specifically, I proposed to replace in blended acquisition the traditional broadband sources by narrowband versions — imagine coded single air guns with different volumes or coded single narrowband vibrators with different central frequencies — together representing a dispersed source array (DSA). Similar to what we see in today’s audio systems, the DSA concept allows the design of dedicated narrowband source elements that do not suffer from the low versus high frequency compromise. In addition, the DSA concept opens the possibility to use source depths and spatial sampling intervals that are optimum for the low-, mid-, and high-frequency sources (multiscale shooting grids). DSAs are considered to be an important step in robotizing the seismic acquisition process.
Role of interleukin-8 in the progression of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (2007)

IL-8 inhibits ER-negative breast cancer cell growth and promotes its metastasis in vivo, which may be correlated with neutrophils infiltration induced by IL-8.
Extension and revision of the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic compounds (including bicyclic compounds) (1999)

Abstract These recommendations document the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic ring systems described in Rules A-31, A-32 and B-14 of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F and H, 1979 and R-2.4.2 of A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, 1993 and extend the system to cover more complex cases. It provides guidance on the naming of ring systems which previously the rules did not cover. The methods is to identify the main ring and main bridge which provide the basic bicyclic system and to number these atoms. Then all further bridges, whether or not they include additional atoms, are identified by indicating not only the number of atoms but also the two atoms to which the bridge is attached. The final name also indicated the number of rings and the total number of skeletal atoms in the ring systems. Heteroatoms, unsaturation and substituents are indicated in the usual way.
Genetic Algorithm Based Nearly Optimal Peak Reduction Tone Set Selection for Adaptive Amplitude Clipping PAPR Reduction (2012)

In tone reservation (TR) based OFDM systems, the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction performance mainly depends on the selection of the peak reduction tone (PRT) set and the optimal target clipping level. Finding the optimal PRT set requires an exhaustive search of all combinations of possible PRT sets, which is a nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP-hard) problem, and this search is infeasible for the number of tones used in practical systems. The existing selection methods, such as the consecutive PRT set, equally spaced PRT set and random PRT set, perform poorly compared to the optimal PRT set or incur high computational complexity. In this paper, an efficient scheme based on genetic algorithm (GA) with lower computational complexity is proposed for searching a nearly optimal PRT set. While TR-based clipping is simple and attractive for practical implementation, determining the optimal target clipping level is difficult. To overcome this problem, we propose an adaptive clipping control algorithm. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms efficiently obtain a nearly optimal PRT set and good PAPR reductions.