gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical aspects of separation using aqueous two‐phase systems in enzyme isolation processes (1978)

Abstract Technical aspects of the separation of aqueous two‐phase systems in a commercial separator were studied in detail. For the Gyrotester B, the smallest available separator, a flow rate of 200 ml/min and a length of the regulating screw in the outlet port of 13.5 mm were found as optimal operation parameters for the separation of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/dextran two‐phase system. In the presence of cells and cell debris the characteristics of the carrier two‐phase systems are changed, most notably the phase ratio. Nevertheless good separation and high throughput can be maintained up to 30% wet cell material in the complete system. Using this method the enzyme pullulanase was extracted from 6.65 kg Klebsiella pneumoniae in 88% yield in a single step in less than 2 hr. A yield of 90% was predicted for this step based upon laboratory data, indicating that the performance of the extraction and separation can be calculated with the necessary accuracy and the further scale‐up of the process should be accomplished quite easily. The hydrophilic polymers Constituting the phase system will often stabilize the enzymes, So that the separation can be carried out at room temperature without extensive cooling. The method of enzyme solubilization or cell disruption is not decisive for the successful extraction of the enzymes, the only limitation being the necessity to find a suitable two‐phase system where the desired product and the cells or cell debris will partition in opposite phases. This is shown for α‐glucosidase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and three aminoacyl‐tRNA‐synthetases from Escherichia coli . The results obtained demonstrate that aqueous two‐phase systems can be separated in commercially available separators with high capacity and efficiency. It can be expected that the advanced separation technology available from chemical engineering studies can also be used for the development of large‐scale isolation processes for enzymes involving liquid–liquid partitions.
Diversity of odourant binding proteins revealed by an expressed sequence tag project on male <i>Manduca sexta</i> moth antennae (1999)

A small expressed sequence tag (EST) project generating 506 ESTs from 375 cDNAs was undertaken on the antennae of male Manduca sexta moths in an effort to discover olfactory receptor proteins. We encountered several clones that encode apparent transmembrane proteins; however, none is a clear candidate for an olfactory receptor. Instead we found a greater diversity of odourant binding proteins (OBPs) than previously known in moth antennae, raising the number known for M. sexta from three to seven. Together with evidence of seventeen members of the family from the Drosophila melanogaster genome project, our results suggest that insects may have many tens of OBPs expressed in subsets of the chemosensory sensilla on their antennae. These results support a model for insect olfaction in which OBPs selectively transport and present odourants to transmembrane olfactory receptors. We also found five members of a family of shorter proteins, named sensory appendage proteins (SAPs), that might also be involved in odourant transport. This small EST project also revealed several candidate odourant degrading enzymes including three P450 cytochromes, a glutathione S-transferase and a uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferase. Several first insect homologues of proteins known from vertebrates, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast and bacteria were encountered, and most have now also been detected by the large D. melanogaster EST project. Only thriteen entirely novel proteins were encountered, some of which are likely to be cuticle proteins.
Syntheses and Herbicidal Activities of Phenoxypyrimidines and Phenoxytriazines (1966)

Series of phenoxypyrimidines and phenoxytriazines were prepared to be evaluated as herbicides. Among them, 2-(2, 6-dichlorophenoxy)-pyrimidine (XV), 2-phenoxy-4, 6-dimethyl-pyrimidine (XVII), 2-(3-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (LIV), 2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (LVIII), and 2-(2, 6-dichlorophenoxy)-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (LX) showed high pre-emergent herbicidal activity to radish. On the other hand, 2-chloro-4-(2, 6-dichlorophenoxy)-6-methylpyrimidine (XXX) revealed high efficiency to millet. Some structure-activity relationship is discussed.
Fair Resource Allocation for Data-Intensive Computing in the Cloud (2016)

To address the computing challenge of `big data', a number of data-intensive computing frameworks (e.g., MapReduce, Dryad, Storm and Spark) have emerged and become popular. YARN is a de facto resource management platform that enables these frameworks running together in a shared system. However, we observe that, in cloud computing environment, the fair resource allocation policy implemented in YARN is not suitable because of its memoryless resource allocation fashion leading to violations of a number of good properties in shared computing systems. This paper attempts to address these problems for YARN. Both single-level and hierarchical resource allocations are considered. For single-level resource allocation, we propose a novel fair resource allocation mechanism called Long-Term Resource Fairness (LTRF)for such computing. For hierarchical resource allocation, we propose Hierarchical Long-Term Resource Fairness (H-LTRF) by extending LTRF. We show that both LTRF and H-LTRF can address these fairness problems of current resource allocation policy and are thus suitable for cloud computing. Finally, we have developed LTYARN by implementing LTRF and H-LTRF in YARN, and our experiments show that it leads to a better resource fairness than existing fair schedulers of YARN.
Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems (AVAS) - Regulations, Realization and Sound Design Challenges (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicles powered by electric machines offer the advantage to be more silent than vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine. On the one hand, the reduced noise levels enable an improvement of the inner-city noise pollution. On the other hand, quiet vehicles entail risks not to be acoustically detected by surrounding pedestrians and cyclists in the lower speed range. The emitted noise can easily be masked by the urban background noise. Therefore, the UNECE has founded an informal working group which is currently developing guidelines in terms of an exterior noise required for detecting Quiet Road Transport Vehicles (QRTV). With the introduction of an Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS), not only the exterior noise but also the perceived interior noise for an enhanced driving experience can be considered. Nevertheless, car manufactures have a big interest in maintaining their perceived brand identity. For the solution of this task, a synthetic sound generation system has been developed. Besides the realization of executable software for real-time capable vehicle communication and sound calculation, an implementation on an in-vehicle control unit has been engineered. Special attention has been paid to the aspect “ease of use”. Important control parameters of the sound design can be modified with a graphical user interface directly in a road test from both in- and outside the test vehicle. The methodology of the AVAS, different sound design approaches for various demonstrator vehicles and key results regarding the audibility and sound quality are object of this paper.</div></div>
Identification of the secretory vesicle membrane binding region of chromogranin B<sup>1</sup> (1997)

In the past a synthetic peptide representing the conserved near N‐terminal region of chromogranin B (CGB) (residues 17–36) has been shown to interact with the vesicle membrane. Hence, it was necessary to confirm this observation with CGB deletion proteins. In order to address this need and to confirm the published sequence of CGB, we cloned a CGB gene and produced various CGB deletion proteins. The recombinant CGB protein lacking the first 15 (rCGB 16–626) or 16 amino acid residues (rCGB 17–626) bound to the vesicle membrane as well as the full‐length CGB. However, rCGB 49–626, lacking the conserved near N‐terminal region, failed to interact with the vesicle membrane, indicating an anchor role for the conserved near the N‐terminal region.
Hormonal activation of the adenylyl cyclases of the rat and human prostate gland (1986)

The rat ventral prostate and the human hyperplastic prostate contain adenylyl cyclases which can be activated by a variety of neurotransmittors, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), beta 2 adrenergic agonists, and dopamine. In both species the response to VIP was predominantly localized to the epithelial fraction. In the human tissue activation of the enzyme could also be achieved with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist both associated with the stromal compartment. Castration in the rat caused a marked reduction in the basal activity of the enzyme and the maximal level of the hormone-stimulated response per cell (per mg DNA), but had only minor effects on the pattern of activation when expressed per mg membrane protein. Androgen treatment (dihydrotestosterone propionate, 2.5 mg/day) prevented the castration effects. Estrogen treatment (estradiol benzoate, 125 micrograms/day) could not prevent the castrational changes but maintained enzyme activity at a level above that of the castrate. There were no major qualitative differences in the pattern of activation of the cyclase between the different lobes of the rat prostate and the seminal vesicle.
Electrochemical preparation and halogenation of 1,1'-.mu.-hydro-bis(undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate)(3-), B24H233- (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical preparation and halogenation of 1,1'-.mu.-hydro-bis(undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate)(3-), B24H233-R. J. Wiersema and R. L. MiddaughCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 10, 2074–2079Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50080a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50080a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient, simple procedures for the large‐scale preparation of building blocks for angiotensin (II) receptor antagonists (1995)

Abstract The kg‐scale syntheses of p ‐formylbenzeneboronic acid 3c and the biphenyl derivatives 4a, 4b , and 4c , building blocks for angiotensin (II) receptor antagonists, are reported.
Multilocus analysis of extracellular putative virulence proteins made by group A <i>Streptococcus:</i> Population genetics, human serologic response, and gene transcription (2001)

Species of pathogenic microbes are composed of an array of evolutionarily distinct chromosomal genotypes characterized by diversity in gene content and sequence (allelic variation). The occurrence of substantial genetic diversity has hindered progress in developing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of virulence and new therapeutics such as vaccines. To provide new information that bears on these issues, 11 genes encoding extracellular proteins in the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus identified by analysis of four genomes were studied. Eight of the 11 genes encode proteins with a LPXTG(L) motif that covalently links Gram-positive virulence factors to the bacterial cell surface. Sequence analysis of the 11 genes in 37 geographically and phylogenetically diverse group A Streptococcus strains cultured from patients with different infection types found that recent horizontal gene transfer has contributed substantially to chromosomal diversity. Regions of the inferred proteins likely to interact with the host were identified by molecular population genetic analysis, and Western immunoblot analysis with sera from infected patients confirmed that they were antigenic. Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (TaqMan) assays found that transcription of six of the 11 genes was substantially up-regulated in the stationary phase. In addition, transcription of many genes was influenced by the covR and mga trans-acting gene regulatory loci. Multilocus investigation of putative virulence genes by the integrated approach described herein provides an important strategy to aid microbial pathogenesis research and rapidly identify new targets for therapeutics research.
Grasping model and experiment of a soft robot gripper with variable stiffness (2017)

This research presents a soft robot gripper, which possesses variable stiffness resulting from shape memory alloy (SMA)-1 fiber and actuated by SMA-2 wires. To investigate the grasping capacity of the soft robot gripper, both the theoretical models of the variable stiffness of SMA fiber and grasping force of a soft robot finger are introduced. Based on the theoretical analysis, the grasping force of the soft finger doesn't produce before the finger contacts with the object under the work of the SMA-2 wires, moreover can be affected from the rigidity of SMA-1 fiber. To verify the analytical results, the soft robot finger with variable stiffness is designed and an experimental setup is built to measure the grasping force. The experimental and simulation results are compared. To check the grasping ability of the soft robot gripper, a two-finger grasping experiment is conducted. The experimental results of the soft robot gripper with variable stiffness indicate that the grasping force of the soft robot gripper has increased with the growth of its stiffness, and the grasping ability of the soft robot gripper grows at least 40%.
Selective Activation of the Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>Circuit in Chronic Injury-Induced Pathologic Angiogenesis (2010)

These findings place the corneal PGE(2) circuit as an endogenous mediator of inflammatory neovascularization rather than general inflammation and demonstrate that chronic inflammation selectively regulates this circuit at the level of biosynthetic enzyme and receptor expression.
The potential of antagonistic fungi for control of<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>and<i>Fusarium crookwellense</i>varies depending on the experimental approach (2015)

FHB is one of the most devastating fungal cereal diseases worldwide. As the pathogen overwinters on crop residues, application of antagonists on residues of the previous crop during harvest could be a promising approach to efficiently control FHB in cereals as an essential part of an integrated disease management.
Modeling and Simulation Approaches for Cardiovascular Function and Their Role in Safety Assessment (2015)

Systems pharmacology modeling and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of drug-induced effects on cardiovascular (CV) function plays a crucial role in understanding the safety risk of new drugs. The aim of this review is to outline the current modeling and simulation (M&S) approaches to describe and translate drug-induced CV effects, with an emphasis on how this impacts drug safety assessment. Current limitations are highlighted and recommendations are made for future effort in this vital area of drug research.
Differential interference contrast microscope with differential detection for optimizing image contrast (1996)

A laser scanning differential interference contrast microscope using a differential detection method is proposed. This microscope permits observers to control the differential image contrast with a simple operation. Utilizing this function, the observers are capable of obtaining the optimized differential image whose contrast is most favorable for observation. A simple theoretical analysis and experimental considerations are described.
Order-Embeddings of Images and Language (2015)

Hypernymy, textual entailment, and image captioning can be seen as special cases of a single visual-semantic hierarchy over words, sentences, and images. In this paper we advocate for explicitly modeling the partial order structure of this hierarchy. Towards this goal, we introduce a general method for learning ordered representations, and show how it can be applied to a variety of tasks involving images and language. We show that the resulting representations improve performance over current approaches for hypernym prediction and image-caption retrieval.
Area-Time Efficient Streaming Architecture for FAST and BRIEF Detector (2018)

The combination of features from an accelerated segment test (FAST) corners and binary robust independent elementary feature (BRIEF) descriptors provide highly robust image features. We present a novel detector for computing the FAST-BRIEF features from streaming images. To reduce the complexity of the BRIEF descriptor, we employ an optimized adder tree to perform summation by accumulation on streaming pixels for the smoothing operation. Since the window buffer used in existing designs for computing the BRIEF point-pairs are often poorly utilized, we propose an efficient sampling scheme that exploits register reuse to minimize the number of registers. Synthesis results based on 65-nm CMOS technology show that the proposed FAST-BRIEF core achieves over 40% reduction in area-delay product compared to the baseline design. In addition, we show that the proposed architecture can achieve 1.4× higher throughput than the baseline architecture with slightly lower energy consumption.
Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fluorescence Laminar Optical Tomography (FLOT) (2010)

Multimodal imaging represents one of the current trends in the development of biophotonics imaging technologies. This paper briefly reviews current multimodal biophotonics imaging platforms in macroscopic, microscopic, and mesoscopic (or millimeter) scales. We also present a combined optical coherence tomography and line-scan fluorescence laminar optical tomography system for co-registered structural and molecular imaging with millimeter-scale imaging depth. Experimental results using a capillary phantom filled with the fluorescence dye Cy5.5 and a human breast cancer xenograft model are presented.
Wavelength Switchable Semiconductor Laser Based on Half-Wave Coupled Fabry–Pérot and Rectangular Ring Resonators (2012)

A wavelength switchable semiconductor laser based on half-wave coupled Fabry-Pérot and rectangular ring resonators is proposed and demonstrated. The device consists of all-active waveguides to facilitate the fabrication. The cavity lengths are designed with a small difference to employ the Vernier effect to obtain large wavelength tuning. A half-wave coupler is used to produce a phase-dependent loss, thus achieving a high side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR). By adjusting the current applied to just one electrode, six-channels wavelength switching with 200-GHz spacing is measured by the carrier injection effect, with a current variation of only about 20 mA. At higher current injection level, the thermal-optic effect becomes dominant, which produced eight-channels wavelength switching in the opposite direction with a maximal SMSR of 38.5 dB.
A call admission control framework based on empirical traffic measurements (1996)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has been accepted as the transport layer protocol for supporting Broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN) services. Call admission control in ATM-based networks is an important issue because it enables the network to achieve efficient use of network resources while maintaining good quality of services (QoS) to all network users. We present a call admission control framework based on the following crucial components: traffic measurements, a call admission control algorithm, and a scheduling policy. Our work is empirically based, as we have identified important traffic characteristics from a large amount of data collected in an ATM testbed. The call admission control algorithm accepts a call based on the traffic descriptors and QoS class requested by the given call. A scheduling algorithm is used by an ATM model to preserve different QoS when queuing occurs. Our algorithm can be used to provide different QoS for different classes of traffic.
Radioreceptor Assay for Prolactin and Other Lactogenic Hormones (1973)

A radioreceptor assay with a sensitivity of 5 nanograms per milliliter has been developed for mammalian and avian pituitary prolactin, placental lactogenic hormones, and humnan growth hormone, using a membrane receptor preparation isolated from rabbit mammary glands. Prolactin preparations inhibited the binding of [(125)I]prolactin to receptors in direct proportion to the biological potency of these preparations. Thus, the radioreceptor assay provides a convenient and simnple assay for hormones which have lactogenic activity.
Protective Effect of<i>Momordica charantia</i>Fruit Extract on Hyperglycaemia-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis (2014)

In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen fibers. The present study aimed to observe the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the rats were subdivided (n = 6) into control group (Ctrl), control group treated with MC (Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated with MC (DM-MC), and diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of metformin (DM-Met). Administration of MC fruit extract (1.5 g/kg body weight) in diabetic rats for 28 days showed significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the fasting blood glucose level. Significant increase in cardiac tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione contents (GSH), and catalase (CAT) was observed following MC treatment. Hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced and associated morphological damages reverted to normal. The decreased expression of type III and type IV collagens was observed under immunohistochemical staining. It is concluded that MC fruit extract possesses antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties which may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic cardiac fibrosis.
Viral Subversion of the Immune System (2000)

This review describes the diverse array of pathways and molecular targets that are used by viruses to elude immune detection and destruction. These include targeting of pathways for major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling, and humoral immune responses. The continuous interactions between host and pathogens during their coevolution have shaped the immune system, but also the counter measures used by pathogens. Further study of their interactions should improve our ability to manipulate and exploit the various pathogens.