gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System Modeling for V&V (1992)

Abstract Simulation and formal models are becoming an accepted part of the early stages of system design. This paper discusses the use of executable system models during system design and implementation. RTI recently developed an abstract executable model of the operating system developed for an avionics test bed based on the PAVE PILLAR architecture. The target hardware consisted of two processing clusters, each with five VHSIC 1750A modules connected by a parallel bus and a system mass memory. The three components are connected by two optical high‐speed data busses. The modeling was done while both the hardware and software were under development. The process of developing and validating the models produced a significant V&V payoff for the design teams. Formal modeling forced early consideration of hardware/software, inter‐module, and inter‐application interfaces that were overlooked during the system design process. This led to forecasting system problems that normally would not have been discovered until system integration. This paper will review the modeling effort and show, in a systems engineering context, how abstract modeling can serve as a powerful method for early discovery of interface errors normally not found until integration.
Impact of weather conditions on macroscopic urban travel times (2012)

Weather conditions may significantly impact a series of everyday human decisions and activities. As a result, engineers seek to integrate weather-related data into traffic operations in order to improve the current state of practice. Travel times and speeds are two of the elements of a transportation system that may be greatly affected by the weather resulting in deterioration of roadway network performance. This study aims to investigate the impact of different intensities of rain, snow and temperature levels on macroscopic travel times in the Greater London area (UK) during the period 1 October–10 December 2009. The analysis was carried out for three 2-h periods on weekdays during the morning, afternoon and evening periods. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data obtained from more than 380 travel links are used in the analysis. The main finding is that the impact of rain and snow is a function of their intensity. Specifically, the ranges of the total travel time increase due to light, moderate and heavy rain are: 0.1–2.1%, 1.5–3.8%, and 4.0–6.0% respectively. Light snow results in travel time increases of 5.5–7.6%, whilst heavy snow causes the highest percentage delays spanning from 7.4% to 11.4%. Temperature has nearly negligible effects on travel times. It was also found that the longer links within outer London generally yield greater travel time decreases than those in inner London, and even higher decreases than the shortest links in central London. This research provides planners with additional information that can be used in traffic management to modify planning decisions and improve the transportation system control on a network scale under different weather conditions. In order to determine whether the weather effects are region-specific, continued research is needed to replicate this study in other areas that exhibit different characteristics.
[Mechanism of penicillinase inhibition by alkyl sulfates in the presence of synthetic polyeletrolytes]. (1977)

Competing inhibition of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C penicillinase by alkylsulfates CnH2n+ 1OSO3N1 where n was 8--16 was studied. The values of the inhibition constants Ki of individual homologues were estimated. It was shown that stability of complex "enzyme-inhibitor" increased with lengthening of the hydrocarbon radical which was probably due to increased hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl radical with the lipophilic areas of the penicillinase active center. Inhibition in the presence of sopolymers of vinylpirrolidone with N-alkylvinylamine was studied with the aim of modeling the process of penicillinase inhibitions by alkylsulfates in the presence of the blood serum. It was shown that polyelectrolytes posessing hydrophobic substituents had an ability of reducing the activity of inhibited penicillinase, cooperative transfer of alkylsulfate molecules from the enzyme to polyelectrolyte being observed. The maximum effect was registered in the polyelectrolytes with substituents C12H25 and C16H33 which was confirmed in the experiments with the penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococci.
Thioctic acid amides: convenient tethers for achieving low nonspecific protein binding to carbohydrates presented on gold surfaces (2005)

The thioctic acid amides of 2'-aminoethyl alpha-d-mannopyranoside and 2'-aminoethyl alpha-1,3-d-mannopyranosyl (alpha-1,6-d-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-d-mannopyranoside presented on both planar and nanoparticle gold surfaces give higher specific and lower non-specific protein binding than the related 2'-thioethyl glycosides.
Design of Low-Voltage MOSFET-Only Switched-Capacitor Filters (2006)

A 1.8-V switched-capacitor (SC) and a 1-V switched-opamp (SO) filter in standard digital CMOS technology is presented. The filters use substrate-biased MOSFETs in depletion region as capacitors linearized by parallel compensation technique. The simulation results confirm the capability of compensated depletion-mode MOS capacitors to fulfill analog circuit requirements at low supply voltages. A novel SO biquadratic structure is also presented to realize high-Q filter specifications. At a 1.8-V supply, the SC filter achieves - 40 dB THD, and at a 1-V the SO filter has -46.3 dB THD in 0.18-μm CMOS process.
Efficient molecular docking of NMR structures: Application to HIV‐1 protease (2006)

Docking ligands into an ensemble of NMR conformers is essential to structure-based drug discovery if only NMR structures are available for the target. However, sequentially docking ligands into each NMR conformer through standard single-receptor-structure docking, referred to as sequential docking, is computationally expensive for large-scale database screening because of the large number of NMR conformers involved. Recently, we developed an efficient ensemble docking algorithm to consider protein structural variations in ligand binding. The algorithm simultaneously docks ligands into an ensemble of protein structures and achieves comparable performance to sequential docking without significant increase in computational time over single-structure docking. Here, we applied this algorithm to docking with NMR structures. The HIV-1 protease was used for validation in terms of docking accuracy and virtual screening. Ensemble docking of the NMR structures identified 91% of the known inhibitors under the criterion of RMSD < 2.0 A for the best-scored conformation, higher than the average success rate of single docking of individual crystal structures (66%). In the virtual screening test, on average, ensemble docking of the NMR structures obtained higher enrichments than single-structure docking of the crystal structures. In contrast, docking of either the NMR minimized average structure or a single NMR conformer performed less satisfactorily on both binding mode prediction and virtual screening, indicating that a single NMR structure may not be suitable for docking calculations. The success of ensemble docking of the NMR structures suggests an efficient alternative method for standard single docking of crystal structures and for considering protein flexibility.
Multivariate Analysis of Factors for Search on Suicide Using Social Big Data (2013)

Objectives: The study is aimed at examining the individual reasons and regional/environmental factors of online search on suicide using social big data to predict practical behaviors related to suicide and to develop an online suicide prevention system on the governmental level. Methods: The study was conducted using suicide-related social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, caf<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>s, social network services and message boards between January 1 and December 31, 2011 (321,506 buzzes from users assumed as adults and 67,742 buzzes from those assumed as teenagers). Technical analysis and development of the suicide search prediction model were done using SPSS 20.0, and the structural model, nd multi-group analysis was made using AMOS 20.0. Also, HLM 7.0 was applied for the multilevel model analysis of the determinants of search on suicide by teenagers. Results: A summary of the results of multivariate analysis is as follows. First, search on suicide by adults appeared to increase on days when there were higher number of suicide incidents, higher number of search on drinking, higher divorce rate, lower birth rate and higher average humidity. Second, search on suicide by teenagers rose on days when there were higher number of teenage suicide incidents, higher number of search on stress or drinking and less fine dust particles. Third, the comparison of the results of the structural equation model analysis of search on suicide by adults and teenagers showed that teenagers were more likely to proceed from search on stress to search on sports, drinking and suicide, while adults significantly tended to move from search on drinking to search on suicide. Fourth, the result of the multilevel model analysis of determinants of search on suicide by teenagers showed that monthly teenagers suicide rate and average humidity had positive effect on the amount of search on suicide. Conclusions: The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced by various reasons to experience stress and search on suicide on the Internet. Therefore, we need to develop diverse school-level programs that can help relieve teenagers of stress and workplace-level programs to get rid of the work-related stress of adults.
Product Review: Are ELSDs Coming out of the Shadows? (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDepartmentsNEXTProduct Review: Are ELSDs Coming out of the Shadows?After years of being overshadowed by mainstream LC detectors, evaporative light-scattering detectors may finally be gaining popularity.Michael J. FeltonCite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 23, 631 A–634 APublication Date (Web):December 1, 2002Publication History Published online1 December 2002Published inissue 1 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac022171nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac022171nnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (226 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collimated View Multiplexing: A New Approach To 3-D (1988)

This paper outlines the development of a new method of 3-D imaging based on spatial image decomposition by ray direction. Various implementations of actual systems and future possibilities will be discussed, including full color auto-stereoscopic video and synthetic holography of real and computer generated objects. Practical and theoretical limitations will be addressed, as well as bandwidth limitations and redundancy. The adaptation of standard methods of bandwidth reduction by adaptive image coding and processing will be considered. The integration of the new technology with computer graphics and holography will also be examined within the context of a "window" theory of spatial imaging.
Measurement of strain exerted on blood vessel walls by double‐quantum‐filtered <sup>2</sup>H NMR (1997)

Abstract In this study 2 H double quantum‐filtered (DQF) NMR spectros‐copy of water molecules inside the blood vessel wall was used to monitor structural changes after the application of strain. This method was applied to a variety of bovine large blood vessels, including aorta, coronary artery, carotid artery, and vena cava. Inducing strain in coronary arteries by inflating them by air or water revealed dramatic changes in the 2 H DQF spectral lineshapes. Uniaxial extensions of longitudinal and circumferential strips led to distinct spectral responses for the different blood vessels. While the spectral lineshapes for the coronary and the carotid arteries were very sensitive to longitudinal strain, they were not affected by circumferential stretching. For the aorta there were no changes in the line‐shape upon strain. For the vena cava a large effect of strain was found that was independent of the choice of elongation axis. The effect of elongation on the spectra was assigned to the outer layer, the adventitia, whereas spectral lineshapes that originated from inner layers, media and intima, were almost insensitive to strain. Angular dependence experiments proved the presence of macroscopic order in the strained state superimposed on a broad distribution of the local directors. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of 2 H DQF NMR as a probe for dynamic processes occurring on the microscopic scale in a molecular network. Key words: blood vessels; strain; double‐quantum; 2 H NMR.
Regulatory T cell targeting in cancer: Emerging strategies in immunotherapy (2020)

The adaptive immune system is modulated by an important subset of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes called Treg cells that function in maintaining immune homeostasis by preventing excessive immune activation. Both deficiency and overactivation of Treg cell function can result in disease pathology. While loss of Treg function can lead to autoimmunity, an overabundance of Treg activity can promote tumorigenesis. Blocking and/or depleting Tregs has emerged as a viable strategy to enhance antitumor immunity. A major limitation underlying the limited efficacy observed with Treg therapies in the clinic is lack of selective targeting, often attributed to concurrent depletion of antitumor effector T-cell populations. Novel approaches to improve the specificity of Treg targeting in the context of cancer include the use of T-cell receptor mimic antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy. Next-generation technology platforms and transcriptomic/computational-based screening methods have been recently developed to identify preferential Treg targets. Herein, we highlight key advancements and challenges pertaining to the development of novel Treg targeting cancer therapeutics and discuss ongoing clinical trials evaluating next-generation Treg therapies for solid tumors.
The role of Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded small RNAs (EBERs) in oncogenesis (2002)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNAs (EBERs) are the most abundant viral transcripts in latently EBV-infected cells. Recently, we found that EBERs play a key role in the maintenance of malignant phenotypes of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells. They confer clonability in soft agarose, tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, resistance to apoptosis and induction of interleukin (IL)-10, which acts as an autocrine growth factor of BL cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EBERs confer resistance to interferon (IFN)-alpha-induced apoptosis by inhibition of double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), which is the key mediator of the antiviral effect of IFN-alpha. These studies provide a new notion that RNA molecules contribute to oncogenesis.
Alarming events detection based on audio signals recognition (2015)

Many zones, especially wild areas need surveillance systems in order to protect them against potential destroying actions. An attractive solution for automatic surveillance systems consists in audio based systems, which present some advantages compared with video or mixt surveillance systems. This paper proposes an alarming events detection system with two detection levels. On the first level the system detects only if the event is a dangerous one (alarm on) or a normal one (alarm off). On the second level, if it is the case, the system identifies exactly the nature of events in four classes: chainsaw, gunshot, human voice or tractors. The system uses a set of features of the audio signals associated with the events, as input data for two artificial neural networks that act as pattern recognition components. The experimental results prove that our system is a very reliable one, presenting the maximum possible correct recognition rate (100%) on the first level and very high correct recognition rates on the second level: 99.50% across all data set (training, validation and testing) and 95.0% in the independent testing data subset.
Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Review of the Evidence for the Role of Pharmacologic Therapy, Electrical Cardioversion, and Echocardiography (2003)

For several key questions in the pharmacologic management of atrial fibrillation, strong evidence exists to support 1 or more treatment options.
Optimization of Mode-I Fracture Toughness of High-Performance Epoxies by Using Designed Core-Shell Rubber Particles (1993)

The fracture behavior of high-performance epoxies modified with seven types of designed core-shell rubber particles is examined by using various microscopic techniques. The mode-I plane-strain fracture-toughness values (KIc) of the designed rubber-modified epoxy systems that have highly cross-linked epoxy vary with the architecture of the interface between the matrix and the rubber particles. Accordingly, the toughening mechanisms observed among these systems are very different: rubber-particle cavitation and matrix shear yielding are found in systems that exhibit higher KIc values; only crack deflection is found in systems that possess lower KIc values. Synergistic toughening can be obtained if both the matrix shear-yielding and the crack-deflection mechanisms are operative upon fracture. An approach for toughening highly cross-linked epoxies is addressed.
Detecting Facial Retouching Using Supervised Deep Learning (2016)

Digitally altering, or retouching, face images is a common practice for images on social media, photo sharing websites, and even identification cards when the standards are not strictly enforced. This research demonstrates the effect of digital alterations on the performance of automatic face recognition, and also introduces an algorithm to classify face images as original or retouched with high accuracy. We first introduce two face image databases with unaltered and retouched images. Face recognition experiments performed on these databases show that when a retouched image is matched with its original image or an unaltered gallery image, the identification performance is considerably degraded, with a drop in matching accuracy of up to 25%. However, when images are retouched with the same style, the matching accuracy can be misleadingly high in comparison with matching original images. To detect retouching in face images, a novel supervised deep Boltzmann machine algorithm is proposed. It uses facial parts to learn discriminative features to classify face images as original or retouched. The proposed approach for classifying images as original or retouched yields an accuracy of over 87% on the data sets introduced in this paper and over 99% on three other makeup data sets used by previous researchers. This is a substantial increase in accuracy over the previous state-of-the-art algorithm, which has shown <;50% accuracy in classifying original and retouched images from the ND-IIITD retouched faces database.
Forced convection cooling benchmark study of a HDD in various consumer electronics applications (2008)

This paper is a follow-up of a hard disk drive study presented at ITherm 2006 on thermal-acoustic optimization of a HDD placed inside an air duct with an axial fan. Today we present a benchmark study performed on a number of consumer products containing a HDD. We will show that it is possible to predict if a certain application design is close to its optimal, set-level design. This is important for early design analysis. Optimal Thermal performance of the HDD - air duct combination will be influenced by: (1) power dissipation in the set, (2) inlet vent size and location and (3) the fan finger guard pattern. The effect of these parameters is evaluated by means of numerical simulations in combination with measurements of air flow, hydraulic resistance and fan curves with and without fan guard. Flow measurements were performed on a flow bench. Acoustics were measured using an ISO-10203 fan test plenum in which the fan noise can be evaluated under relevant loads. In all cases the ISO-3741 reverberant room at Philips High Tech Campus Eindhoven was used to determine sound power. From a thermal point of view an optimum in the channel height between air duct and HDD can be determined. A small height means a high static pressure operating point of the fan resulting in more fan noise. A broad channel means more flow is needed to get the desired cooling, hence a higher airflow and thus more noise. The optimization between air duct spacing and thermal-acoustic performance of the benchmark model was investigated. The results were put into a model and compared with measurements on real application sets. The comparison shows if a certain design has room for improvement and at which cost.
Adhesion Durability in Composite-type Vibration-damping Steel Sheets (1987)

In composite-type vibration-damping steel sheets, surface pre-treatment for the skin steel sheets has been examined and discussed for cold-rolled steel sheets, chromate-treated steel sheets, and electro-galvanized steel sheets (EG). The evaluation was based on the bond interface durability produced during salt spray testing up to 1000 h. Chromate treatment was confirmed to be the best surface pre-treatment for skin sheets, because it improves the primary (pre salt-spray-test) adhesion strength and prevents decreased secondary (post salt-spray) adhesion strength. EG has no ability to suppress the decrement of secondary adhesion strength, because Zn dissolves in water and edge-creep goes on. The failure mode in T-peel test changes from cohesive to inteface failure with decreasing secondary adhesion strength and with the occurrence of edge-creep.
High-precision CD measurement using energy-filtering SEM techniques (2017)

Voltage contrast (VC) images obtained using an energy filter (EF) were used to measure the bottom surface of high-aspect- ratio (HAR) structures. The VC images obtained using the conventional EF were sensitive to variations in wafer potential. Since CD-SEM metrology requires precise EF voltage control when using VC images, we developed an EF voltage correction method to be used at each measurement point. Consequently, bottom-edge measurement, independent of the wafer potential fluctuations, was achieved by using the newly developed EF. Our developed technique is effective for CD-SEM metrology using VC images.