gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of three candidate technologies for high-lift devices on an aircraft wing (2005)

A research programme was initiated to examine three candidate high-lift technologies,\nwhich would, if implemented, simplify the mechanical complexity of the multiple\ncomponent trailing-edge devices traditionally employed on civil transport aircraft.\nExperimental studies were undertaken with the aim of examining each technology in\nterms of its potential to favourably influence boundary layer development and improve the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-lift configuration.\nPreliminary studies of triangular serrated geometries, at the trailing edge of a modified\nflat plate, highlighted that the ability of the serrations to favourably influence the flow\nfield development over an aft positioned single slotted flap was critically dependent\nupon the flap lap/gap and deflection angle. Under the test conditions, the serrations\nwere most effective at low flap deflection angles, particularly serrations with a length\ncorresponding to 13% flap chord. Extending these studies to a representative high-lift\nconfiguration significantly limited the range of flap laps/gaps and deflection angles over\nwhich the serrations were favourable. Furthermore, oil flow visualisation provided\nevidence of wake structures emanating from serration vertices, corroborating earlier\nhypotheses and suggesting the flow mechanism by which serrations favourably\ninfluenced boundary layer development over the upper surface of the downstream flap.\nExperiments indicated that when optimised, blowing tangentially from a slot at the\ntrailing edge of the main element over the upper surface of a flap within a three-element\nhigh-lift configuration, provided a highly effective means of preventing boundary layer\nseparation and increasing lift. This was corroborated by oil flow visualisation and\ncomputational simulations. Maintaining the same momentum coefficient and blowing\nthrough discrete orifices at the trailing edge of the main element, proved highly\nfavourable, heightening the increment in lift in comparison to the corresponding\ntangential slot blowing configuration. Hence, the mass flow rate could be reduced in comparison to the tangential slot blowing configuration, without compromising the\naerodynamic performance.
Optimal all-to-all personalized exchange in a class of optical multistage networks (2001)

All-to-all personalized exchange is one of the most dense collective communication patterns and it occurs in many important parallel computing/networking applications. In this paper, we look into the issue of realizing an all-to-all personalized exchange in a class of optical multistage networks. Advances in electrooptic technologies have made optical communication a promising networking choice to meet the increasing demands for high channel bandwidth and low communication latency of high-performance computing/communication applications. Although optical multistage networks hold great promise and have demonstrated advantages over their electronic counterpart, they also hold their own challenges. Due to the unique properties of optics, crosstalk in optical switches should be avoided to make them work properly. In this paper, we provide a systematic scheme for realizing an all-to-all personalized exchange in a class of unique-path optical multistage networks crosstalk-free. The basic idea of realizing an all-to-all personalized exchange in such a multistage network is to transform it to multiple semipermutations and ensure that each of them can be realized crosstalk-free in a single pass. As can be seen, the all-to-all personalized exchange algorithm we propose has O(n) time complexity for n processors, which is optimal for an all-to-all personalized exchange. The optimal time complexity combined with the property of a single input/output port per processor suggests that a multistage network could be a better choice for implementing an all-to-all personalized exchange due to its shorter communication latency and better scalability.
Berry Curvature on the Fermi Surface: Anomalous Hall Effect as a Topological Fermi-Liquid Property (2004)

The intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in metallic ferromagnets is shown to be controlled by Berry phases accumulated by adiabatic motion of quasiparticles on the Fermi surface, and is purely a Fermi-liquid property, not a bulk Fermi sea property like Landau diamagnetism, as has been previously supposed. Berry phases are a new topological ingredient that must be added to Landau Fermi-liquid theory in the presence of broken inversion or time-reversal symmetry.
Seamless Bit-Stream Switching in Multirate-Based Video Streaming Systems (2006)

This paper presents an efficient switching method among non-scalable bit-streams in a multirate-based video streaming system. This method not only takes advantage of the high coding efficiency of non-scalable coding schemes (compared with scalable ones), but also allows a high flexibility in streaming services to accommodate the heterogeneity of real-world networks. One unique feature of our method is that, at every preselected switching point, the reconstructed frame at each rate or two reconstructed frames at different rates will go through an independent or a joint processing in the wavelet domain, using an SPIHT-type coding algorithm. Another important step in our method is that we will apply a novel bit allocation strategy over all hierarchical trees that are generated after the wavelet decomposition so as to achieve a significantly improved coding quality. Compared with other existing methods, our method can achieve the seamless switching at each preselected switching point with a better rate-distortion performance.
Robust Entity Clustering via Phylogenetic Inference (2014)

Entity clustering must determine when two named-entity mentions refer to the same entity. Typical approaches use a pipeline architecture that clusters the mentions using fixed or learned measures of name and context similarity. In this paper, we propose a model for cross-document coreference resolution that achieves robustness by learning similarity from unlabeled data. The generative process assumes that each entity mention arises from copying and optionally mutating an earlier name from a similar context. Clustering the mentions into entities depends on recovering this copying tree jointly with estimating models of the mutation process and parent selection process. We present a block Gibbs sampler for posterior inference and an empirical evaluation on several datasets.
Critical Role of Mitochondrial Damage in Determining Outcome of Macrophage Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

Human macrophages (Mphi) respond to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by undergoing apoptosis, a cornerstone of effective antimycobacterial host defense. Virulent mycobacteria override this reaction by inducing necrosis leading to uncontrolled Mtb replication. Accordingly, Mphi death induced by inoculation with Mtb had the characteristics of apoptosis and necrosis and correlated with moderate increase of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 and -3 activation. We hypothesized that changes in intramitochondrial Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](m)) determine whether Mphi undergo either apoptosis or necrosis. Therefore, we induced mechanism(s) leading to predominant apoptosis or necrosis by modulating [Ca(2+)](m) and examined their physiological consequences. Adding calcium ionophore A23187 to Mphi inoculated with Mtb further increased calcium flux into the cells which is thought to lead to increased [Ca(2+)](m), blocked necrosis, stabilized MPT, decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c release, lowered caspase activation, and accompanied effective antimycobacterial activity. In contrast, Mphi infected with Mtb in presence of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red showed increased mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release and decreased MPT and antimycobacterial activity. Thus, in Mtb-infected Mphi, high levels of mitochondrial membrane integrity, low levels of caspase activation, and diminished mitochondrial cytochrome c release are hallmarks of apoptosis and effective antimycobacterial activity. In contrast, breakdown of mitochondrial membrane integrity and increased caspase activation are characteristic of necrosis and uncontrolled Mtb replication.
Epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and transforming growth factor-alpha in human hyperplastic prostate tissue: expression and cellular localization. (1996)

It is widely accepted that polypeptide growth factors are involved in the growth and development of normal and neoplastic human prostate. It has been previously reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors are present in the human hyperplastic prostate tissue (BPH). To add information on the mechanism of action of EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), a peptide correlated to EGF, and the EGF receptor (EGF-R) in the human prostate, we studied the expression and cellular localization of messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) encoding EGF, EGF-R, and TGF alpha in BPH tissue. Reverse transcriptase-PCR of total RNA extracted from BPH tissues documented the presence of specific transcripts for EGF, EGF-R, and TGF alpha. In situ hybridization with specific RNA probes synthesized from the respective complementary DNA demonstrated that EGF, EGF-R, and TGF alpha messenger RNAs were mainly localized in the epithelial cells. Immunprecipitation and Western blot analysis showed that BPH tissue contained the corresponding proteins, EGF and TGF alpha. Our findings provide additional support for the idea that EGF and TGF alpha may be considered specialized symbols in the language of cell-cell interactions and for the hypothesis that in the human prostate they seem to act in an autocrine fashion.
Patterns of intrinsic and associational circuitry in monkey prefrontal cortex (1996)

Both local and long-range connections are critical mediators of information processing in the cerebral cortex, but little is known about the relationships among these types of connections, especially in higher-order cortical regions. We used quantitative reconstructions of the label arising from discrete (approximately 350 microns diameter) injections of biotinylated dextran amine and cholera toxin B to determine the spatial organization of the axon collaterals and principal axon projections furnished by pyramidal neurons in the supragranular layers of monkey prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46). Both terminals and cell bodies labeled by transport along axon collaterals in the gray matter formed intrinsic clusters which were arrayed as a series of discontinuous stripes of similar size and shape. The co-registration of anterograde and retrograde transport confirmed that these convergent and divergent intrinsic connections also were reciprocal. Transport from the same injection sites along principal axons through the white matter formed associational clusters which were also arrayed as a series of discontinuous stripes. The dimensions of the anterogradely- and retrogradely-labeled associational stripes were very similar to each other and to the intrinsic stripes. These findings demonstrate that divergence, convergence, and reciprocity characterize both the intrinsic and associational excitatory connections in the prefrontal cortex. These patterns of connections provide an anatomical substrate by which activation of a discrete group of neurons would lead to the recruitment of a specific neuronal network comprised of both local and distant groups of cells. Furthermore, the consistent size of the intrinsic and associational stripes (approximately 275 by 1,800 microns) suggests that they may represent basic functional units in the primate prefrontal cortex.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Zein, Wheat Gluten and Gliadin (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectroscopy and Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Zein, Wheat Gluten and GliadinCarl B. KretschmerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 12, 1627–1631Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150558a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j150558a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Trends in Telecommunications (1983)

This paper outlines the development of telecommunications in Australia up to the present and provides some detail on the capabilities of the existing telecommunications network. Present plans and likely developments for enhancement of telecommunications services and network expansion, is discussed. The paper also examines the likely progression of events towards the 21st century, where the major users in the business community will be particularly affected by the convergence of telecommunications and computer technologies.
A Reversible and Higher-Rate Li-O <sub>2</sub> Battery (2012)

The rechargeable nonaqueous lithium-air (Li-O(2)) battery is receiving a great deal of interest because, theoretically, its specific energy far exceeds the best that can be achieved with lithium-ion cells. Operation of the rechargeable Li-O(2) battery depends critically on repeated and highly reversible formation/decomposition of lithium peroxide (Li(2)O(2)) at the cathode upon cycling. Here, we show that this process is possible with the use of a dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte and a porous gold electrode (95% capacity retention from cycles 1 to 100), whereas previously only partial Li(2)O(2) formation/decomposition and limited cycling could occur. Furthermore, we present data indicating that the kinetics of Li(2)O(2) oxidation on charge is approximately 10 times faster than on carbon electrodes.
A New Potent β-Glucuronidase Inhibitor, D-Glucaro-δ-lactam Derived from Nojirimycin (1972)

Journal Article A New Potent β-Glucuronidase Inhibitor, D-Glucaro-δ-lactam Derived from Nojirimycin Get access Tomizo NIWA, Tomizo NIWA The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takashi TSURUOKA, Takashi TSURUOKA The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shigeharu INOUYE, Shigeharu INOUYE The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshihisa NAITO, Yoshihisa NAITO The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takemi KOEDA, Takemi KOEDA The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Taro NIIDA Taro NIIDA The Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd.Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 222 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 72, Issue 1, July 1972, Pages 207–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129889 Published: 01 July 1972 Article history Received: 18 February 1972 Published: 01 July 1972
Genetic risk factors for ischaemic stroke and its subtypes (the METASTROKE Collaboration): a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (2012)

Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council (MRC), Australian National and Medical Health Research Council, National Institutes of Health (NIH) including National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Securing passwords from dictionary attack with character-tree (2016)

Most websites use passwords for authenticating user identity and for allowing access to website resources that may contain sensitive information. A large number of people use dictionary words for creating passwords. These user passwords are subjected to one-way hash functions and are stored inside the database as corresponding hash values instead of plaintext. A potential hacker can use brute-force, rainbow table or dictionary attacks to get the input password from the hash values and the most reported real life hacks were done by cracking password hashes using dictionary attack. Currently, users are allowed to register in websites only with passwords that obey the security policies. It is noted that, even though passwords with certain patterns are accepted as strong by the existing policies, they are vulnerable for a dictionary attack based on those patterns. This paper proposes a novel method for ensuring security for passwords against such dictionary attacks. This method, checks strength of the user passwords using a dictionary which is stored as a character tree. This system helps to create strong password hashes that are resistant to dictionary attacks. This approach thus offers advanced and superior protection for passwords from cracking attempts.
The threshold for polyglutamine-expansion protein aggregation and cellular toxicity is dynamic and influenced by aging in <i>Caenorhabditis</i> <i>elegans</i> (2002)

Studies of the mutant gene in Huntington's disease, and for eight related neurodegenerative disorders, have identified polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions as a basis for cellular toxicity. This finding has led to a disease hypothesis that protein aggregation and cellular dysfunction can occur at a threshold of approximately 40 glutamine residues. Here, we test this hypothesis by expression of fluorescently tagged polyQ proteins (Q29, Q33, Q35, Q40, and Q44) in the body wall muscle cells of Caenorhabditis elegans and show that young adults exhibit a sharp boundary at 35-40 glutamines associated with the appearance of protein aggregates and loss of motility. Surprisingly, genetically identical animals expressing near-threshold polyQ repeats exhibited a high degree of variation in the appearance of protein aggregates and cellular toxicity that was dependent on repeat length and exacerbated during aging. The role of genetically determined aging pathways in the progression of age-dependent polyQ-mediated aggregation and cellular toxicity was tested by expressing Q82 in the background of age-1 mutant animals that exhibit an extended lifespan. We observed a dramatic delay of polyQ toxicity and appearance of protein aggregates. These data provide experimental support for the threshold hypothesis of polyQ-mediated toxicity in an experimental organism and emphasize the importance of the threshold as a point at which genetic modifiers and aging influence biochemical environment and protein homeostasis in the cell.
Altered Circadian and Homeostatic Sleep Regulation in Prokineticin 2-Deficient Mice (2007)

These results indicate that PK2 plays roles in both circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep. PK2 may also be involved in maintaining the awake state in the presence of behavioral challenges.
Short treatment schedules of itraconazole in dermatophytosis (1998)

Patients were recruited from 1 December 1994 until 31 August 1995. Those presenting with tinea cruris/corporis received 200 mg of itraconazole every day for 7 days, whereas patients presenting with tinea pedis/manus were treated with 200 mg twice a day for 7 days. Those eligible were men and women at least 18 years of age, with a clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis, confirmed by KOH examination and culture. Pregnant or nursing patients and those who did not use adequate birth control methods were excluded. Patients with a known history of chronic liver disease or other concomitant serious disease were also excluded. Patients who had received any oral antifungal or corticosteroid therapy within 30 days before enrollment or any topical antifungal or corticosteroid treatment within a week before enrollment were not eligible. Clinical and mycologic (KOH and culture) evaluation was carried out at baseline, at completion of therapy (day 7) and at the end of follow‐up (day 28 for tinea cruris/corporis and day 35 for tinea pedis/manus). The investigator evaluated the following clinical symptoms at each visit: desquamation, erythema, infiltration, pruritus, exudation, maceration, vesiculation, and pustules. Clinical results were rated as: healed, markedly improved, considerable residual lesions, not changed, or worse. The categories healed and markedly improved were considered as responders. All mycology was performed centrally at the Department of Microbiology, University of Malaya.
IV-treated pulmonary exacerbations in the prior year: An important independent risk factor for future pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis (2015)

Prior-year PEx strongly associate with future PEx hazard and should be accounted for in prospective trials where treatment-associated change in PEx hazard is an efficacy outcome.
Human Pepsinogen C (Progastriesin) (1989)

The entire pepsinogen C (PGC) coding sequence was determined by analysis of a series of five overlapping cDNA clones identified in a library constructed from human gastric mucosa poly(A+) RNA. A partial cDNA clone was initially identified using a 256-fold degenerate oligonucleotide probe for amino acid residues 4-12 of pepsin C, and subsequently 4 additional clones were identified upon rescreening with a probe complementary to the 5' region of the original cDNA clone. Northern analysis of gastric mucosa poly(A+) RNA with a PGC cDNA probe revealed an mRNA 1.5-kilobase species that was indistinguishable from that detected with a human pepsinogen A (PGA) cDNA probe. In contrast, the PGC and PGA cDNA probes detected distinct genomic restriction fragments indicating there was no detectable cross-hybridization under high stringency conditions. The PGC gene was localized to human chromosome 6 by analysis of a panel of human x mouse somatic cell hybrids. The regions containing the active site aspartyl groups of PGC are conserved in relationship to several other aspartic proteinases. We propose that the absence of detectable immunologic cross-reactivity between the two groups of human pepsinogens, A and C, results from divergent evolution of sequences located on the surface of the zymogens in contrast to the strongly conserved active site regions located within the binding cleft of the enzymes that are inaccessible for antigenic recognition.