gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of modified bovine fibrinogen (2000)

Here we report the crystal structure at approximately 4-A resolution of a selectively proteolyzed bovine fibrinogen. This key component in hemostasis is an elongated 340-kDa glycoprotein in the plasma that upon activation by thrombin self-assembles to form the fibrin clot. The crystals are unusual because they are made up of end-to-end bonded molecules that form flexible filaments. We have visualized the entire coiled-coil region of the molecule, which has a planar sigmoidal shape. The primary polymerization receptor pockets at the ends of the molecule face the same way throughout the end-to-end bonded filaments, and based on this conformation, we have developed an improved model of the two-stranded protofibril that is the basic building block in fibrin. Near the middle of the coiled-coil region, the plasmin-sensitive segment is a hinge about which the molecule adopts different conformations. This segment also includes the boundary between the three- and four-stranded portions of the coiled coil, indicating the location on the backbone that anchors the extended flexible Aalpha arm. We suggest that a flexible branch point in the molecule may help accommodate variability in the structure of the fibrin clot.
Effects of N-556 on experimental allergy models in rats. (1990)

The oral anti-allergic effect of 1,3-bis-(2- ethoxycarbonylchromon-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-lysyloxy)propane dihydrochloride (N-556, KY-556) was investigated. 1) N-556 (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited dose-dependently the 48-hr homologous PCA in rats, and the duration of action was longer than that of intravenous DSCG. 2) N-556 (20 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 20 consecutive days, p.o.) tended to inhibit the histamine release from actively sensitized rat lung fragments. 3) N-556 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed the prolongation of survival time in the rat systemic anaphylaxis. 4) N-556 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the increased airway resistance in experimental asthma in rats. These results suggest that N-556 is a promising and orally-active pro-drug of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) against allergic diseases.
Phenolic compounds in coffee (2006)

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites generally involved in plant adaptation to environmental stress conditions. Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and related compounds are the main components of the phenolic fraction of green coffee beans, reaching levels up to 14 % (dry matter basis). These compounds have a number of beneficial health properties related to their potent antioxidant activity as well as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities. The main groups of CGA found in green coffee beans include caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids, p-coumaroylquinic acids and mixed diesters of caffeic and ferulic acids with quinic acid, each group with at least three isomers. During coffee processing, CGA may be isomerized, hydrolyzed or degraded into low molecular weight compounds. The high temperatures of roasting also produce transformation of part of CGA into quinolactones and, along with other compounds, melanoidins. This review focuses on the chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, and distribution of CGA and related compounds in coffee. The influence of genetic, physiological and environmental factors as well as processing on the chemical composition of coffee beans is discussed. The impact of CGA composition of green coffee on cup quality is also approached. Despite the existence of substantial published information on the total levels of CGA in coffee, more research is needed on the composition of minor phenolic compounds and specific CGA isomers (and related substances) in green and roasted coffee beans, as well as their impact on coffee quality.
Mechanism of the replacement of phenolic hydroxyl by carbonyl on lead tetraacetate treatment of o-hydroxyaryl ketone acylhydrazones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the replacement of phenolic hydroxyl by carbonyl on lead tetraacetate treatment of o-hydroxyaryl ketone acylhydrazonesAlan R. Katritzky, Philip A. Harris, and Antigoni KotaliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 17, 5049–5051Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00017a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00017a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1083Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Unified Potentiostat for Electrochemical Glucose Sensors (2013)

A unified potentiostat circuit for both <TEX>$O_2$</TEX>- and <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX>- based electrochemical glucose sensors was proposed and its function was verified by circuit simulations and measurement results of a fabricated chip. This circuit consisted of an operational amplifier, a comparator and current mirrors. The proposed circuit was fabricated with a <TEX>$0.13{\mu}m$</TEX> thick oxide CMOS process and an active area of <TEX>$360{\mu}m{\times}100{\mu}m$</TEX>. The measurements revealed an input operation range from 0.5 V to 1.6 V in the <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX>- based bio-sensor and from 1.7 V to 2.6 V in the <TEX>$O_2$</TEX>- based bio-sensor with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The evaluation results showed that the proposed potentiostat circuit is suitable for measuring the electrochemical cell currents of both <TEX>$O_2$</TEX>- and <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX>- based glucose sensors.
Bostwick Degree and Rheological Properties: an Up-to-date Viewpoint (2005)

Abstract The correlation between the Bostwick degree and the static rheological properties of yield stress food fuids is first revisited and then reformulated in this work. The role of the yield stress in the free surface flow of the Bost-wick test is studied using dimensional analysis. Results from experiments on 48 different samples of yield stress fluids are considered and included to check the adequacy of the proposed correlation. Asymptotic dynamic behaviour is also presented and discussed as a mechanism of complete self similarity with respect of the dimensionless time. This approach would seem to support the opinions in favor of the yield stress as a key parameter, and thus offers an interesting new viewpoint useful to both future experiments on the Bostwick test and studies of 'dam-break' like dynamics.
Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Are Productively Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2001)

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have developed several immunoevasive strategies. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which HSV type 1 may interfere with the immune response through infection of immature dendritic cells (DC) and selective downmodulation of costimulatory molecules. In our study we show productive infection of immature monocyte-derived DC, which closely resemble sessile Langerhans cells, by sequential expression of immediate-early, early, and late viral proteins and of glycoprotein D mRNA, as well as production of infectious virus of moderate titers. Infection was cytopathic, with the progressive loss of 20 to 45% of cells from 24 to 48 h after infection, with no more than 80% of DC found to be infected. These results are in contrast to those of previous findings of nonpermissive or abortive infection of monocytes and mature monocyte-derived DC. Infection of immature DC also led to selective and asynchronous downregulation of CD1a, CD40, CD54 (ICAM-1) (12 h postinfection), CD80 (24 h postinfection), and CD86 (48 h postinfection) but not of CD11c or major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules when compared to DC exposed to UV-inactivated virus. Thus, we propose that productive infection of epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo may lead to delayed activation of T cells, allowing more time for replication of HSV type 1 in epidermal cells.
Indium and Bismuth (1990)

Abstract This article focuses on the use of indium and bismuth in low-melting-temperature solders and fusible alloys. It describes how the two elements typically occur in nature and how they are recovered and processed for commercial use. It also provides information on designations, classification, composition, properties (including temperatures ranges), and some of the other ways in which indium and bismuth alloys are used.
Resource Allocation for Cognitive Small Cell Networks: A Cooperative Bargaining Game Theoretic Approach (2015)

Cognitive small cell networks have been envisioned as a promising technique for meeting the exponentially increasing mobile traffic demand. Recently, many technological issues pertaining to cognitive small cell networks have been studied, including resource allocation and interference mitigation, but most studies assume non-cooperative schemes or perfect channel state information (CSI). Different from the existing works, we investigate the joint uplink subchannel and power allocation problem in cognitive small cells using cooperative Nash bargaining game theory, where the cross-tier interference mitigation, minimum outage probability requirement, imperfect CSI and fairness in terms of minimum rate requirement are considered. A unified analytical framework is proposed for the optimization problem, where the near optimal cooperative bargaining resource allocation strategy is derived based on Lagrangian dual decomposition by introducing time-sharing variables and recalling the Lambert-W function. The existence, uniqueness, and fairness of the solution to this game model are proved. A cooperative Nash bargaining resource allocation algorithm is developed, and is shown to converge to a Pareto-optimal equilibrium for the cooperative game. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative game algorithm for efficient and fair resource allocation in cognitive small cell networks.
Uncooled infrared imaging using bimaterial microcantilever arrays (2006)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of microcantilever based uncooled focal plane array (FPA) for infrared imaging. By combining a streamlined design of microcantilever thermal transducers with a highly efficient optical readout, we minimized the fabrication complexity while achieving a competitive level of imaging performance. The microcantilever FPAs were fabricated using a straightforward fabrication process that involved only three photolithographic steps (i.e. three masks). A designed and constructed prototype of an IR imager employed a simple optical readout based on a noncoherent low-power light source. The main figures of merit of the IR imager were found to be comparable to those of uncooled MEMS infrared detectors with substantially higher degree of fabrication complexity. In particular, the <i>NETD </i>and the response time of the implemented MEMS IR detector were measured to be as low as 0.5K and 6 ms, respectively. The potential of the implemented designs can also be concluded from the fact that the constructed prototype enabled IR imaging of close to room temperature objects without the use of any advanced data processing. The most unique and practically valuable feature of the implemented FPAs, however, is their scalability to high resolution formats, such as 2000x2000, without progressively growing device complexity and cost.
Integration Middleware for Mobile Supply Chain Management (2015)

Abstract—According to the mobile supply chain management features and considering the limitations and obstacles in the mobile environment. This paper proposes a multi-agent integration middleware for mobile supply chain management, aiming to solve information integration and data synchronization problem without worrying about network or terminal heterogeneity in mobile environment, which can achieve mobile supply chain dynamic integration and then improve the efficiency of supply chain management. Compared with traditional distributed approach, the management method has lots of advantages, such as saving network bandwidth; its flexibility and scalability are also very favorable. Index Terms—multi-agent middleware, mobile supply chain, semantic heterogeneity, intelligent agent, ontology library I.
Waveguide photodetectors for the near-infrared in polycrystalline Germanium on silicon (2006)

We demonstrate novel near-infrared waveguide photodetectors in polycrystalline germanium deposited on silicon-on-insulator at low temperatures. We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of two photodiodes and their comparison. Without optimization, at 1.55 μm, we measured wall-plug and effective responsivities as high as 30 mA/W and in excess of 150 mA/W, respectively.
Synthetic and Computational Studies on Symmetry-Defined Double Cycloaddition of a New Tris-Annulating Reagent to C<sub>60</sub> (1997)

For the purpose of doubly functionalizing fullerenes, new tris-annulating reagents 2(n) have been developed. The reagents carry, in one molecule, two cyclopropenone acetals which are connected with an n-carbon methylene tether. Upon thermolysis of 2(n) in the presence of C60, the reagent undergoes [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction twice in a regio- and stereoselective manner to give Cs and C2 organofullerenes bearing two cyclopentenone acetals. The selectivity varies as the function of the tether structure. The experiments have shown that, in each series of different tether lengths, one can obtain one or two diastereomeric double adducts out of several structural possibilities. The selectivity of the reaction did not conform to the prediction made on the basis of previous knowledge on intermolecular double additions but was found to be correlated to the conformational strain of the tether moiety, which can be estimated by a newly developed "double differential protocol". Systematic studies on the reliability of various computational methods for organofullerenes indicated that certain molecular orbital and molecular mechanics calculations give very reliable structural data while certain others do not.
Mitigating the Curse of Dimensionality for Exact kNN Retrieval (2014)

Efficient data indexing and exact k-nearest-neighbor (kNN) retrieval are still challenging tasks in high-dimensional spaces. This work highlights the difficulties of indexing in high-dimensional and tightly-clustered dataspaces by exploring several important tunable parameters for optimizing kNN query performance using the iDistance and iDStar algorithms. We experiment on real and synthetic datasets of varying size, cluster density, and dimensionality, and compare performance primarily through filter-and-refine efficiency and execution time. Results show great variability over parameter values and provide new insights and justifications in support of prior best-use practices. Local segmentation with iDStar consistently outperforms iDistance in any clustered space below 256 dimensions, setting a new benchmark for efficient and exact kNN retrieval in high-dimensional spaces. We propose several directions of future work to further increase performance in high-dimensional real-world settings.
Growing large nanostructured superlattices from a continuum medium by sequential activation of self-assembly (2011)

We propose a mechanism to grow a large superlattice of phase domains from a continuum homogenous binary film by sequential activation of self-assembly. Self-assembly was initiated in a small mobile region (where atoms could diffuse) to form a seed pattern, and then the mobile region was shifted gradually. This process led to a long-range ordered superlattice regardless whether the seed was perfect or not, since the pattern quickly improved to a perfect superlattice along with the sequential activation. At a bistable state the scanning velocity controlled the type of superlattice. Further exploration led to an intriguing finding that we call the self-activation of self-assembly, a domino effect where the self-assembly in a small region causes a long-range interaction that destabilizes its homogeneous neighbor and triggers the propagation of self-assembly to the entire system.
Idiotypic markers of polyclonal B cell activation. Public idiotypes shared by monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or leprosy. (1987)

We investigated idiotypic markers of monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with polyclonal B-cell activation. Four monoclonal antibodies with different ligand binding specificities derived from a patient with lepromatous leprosy and three monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies from two patients with SLE were studied. Three new public idiotopes, which were common to monoclonal antibodies from all three patients, were defined by five polyclonal rabbit antiidiotypes, two monoclonal mouse antiidiotopes, and a monoclonal mouse antibody against a synthetic peptide that contains residues of the heavy chain CDR-1 of a monoclonal lupus anti-DNA antibody. The antibody against the synthetic idiotype was found to react with native immunoglobulins in solution. One idiotope was found to be consistently immunogenic in all animals tested. Since the three patients are of different ethnic origins, these shared idiotypes are probably encoded by germline V genes. These genes may be recurrently expressed in states of polyclonal B-cell activation, regardless of etiology. The results suggest that some autoantibodies arise by expansion of a pool of precursors in the normal antibody repertoire.
THE EFFECTS OF NEUROHYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE PATTERN OF RENAL EXCRETION IN THE DUCK (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) (1971)

SUMMARY Renal excretion in intact, sham-operated and neurohypophysectomized ducks was studied. Neurohypophysectomy produced immediate and profound polydipsia and polyuria. These conditions steadily diminished during the first 2 weeks after the operation and by the 14th day they had stabilized at levels which were approximately three times higher than the corresponding values in sham-operated birds. The stabilized levels of polydipsia and polyuria persisted throughout the remainder of the 60–90 day experimental period. The rates of excretion of Na + , Cl − and total osmotically active material were also increased when compared with intact or sham-operated birds. No change in the rate of K + excretion was observed. The i.m. administration of vasopressin reduced the rate of urine flow to that observed in the control birds but the rates of electrolyte excretion were not restored to normal. Synthetic oxytocin had no antidiuretic effect in the neurohypophysectomized birds. Arginine vasotocin treatment restored the rates of both water and ion excretion to values very close to those observed in intact and sham-operated birds.
A Specific Nutrient Combination Attenuates the Reduced Expression of PSD-95 in the Proximal Dendrites of Hippocampal Cell Body Layers in a Mouse Model of Phenylketonuria (2016)

The inherited metabolic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) is characterized by increased concentrations of phenylalanine in the blood and brain, and as a consequence neurotransmitter metabolism, white matter, and synapse functioning are affected. A specific nutrient combination (SNC) has been shown to improve synapse formation, morphology and function. This could become an interesting new nutritional approach for PKU. To assess whether treatment with SNC can affect synapses, we treated PKU mice with SNC or an isocaloric control diet and wild-type (WT) mice with an isocaloric control for 12 weeks, starting at postnatal day 31. Immunostaining for post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), a post-synaptic density marker, was carried out in the hippocampus, striatum and prefrontal cortex. Compared to WT mice on normal chow without SNC, PKU mice on the isocaloric control showed a significant reduction in PSD-95 expression in the hippocampus, specifically in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus, with a similar trend seen in the cornus ammonis 1 (CA1) and cornus ammonis 3 (CA3) pyramidal cell layer. No differences were found in the striatum or prefrontal cortex. PKU mice on a diet supplemented with SNC showed improved expression of PSD-95 in the hippocampus. This study gives the first indication that SNC supplementation has a positive effect on hippocampal synaptic deficits in PKU mice.
Direct current bias effects on grain boundary Schottky barriers in CaCu3Ti4O12 (2006)

CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 exhibits an unusually high dielectric constant on the order of 105 and highly nonlinear I-V characteristics. Impedance spectroscopy measurements carried out in this work point to the crucial role played by grain boundary barriers in controlling the electrical properties of this material. Under dc bias, the grain boundary resistance decreases, followed by a precipitous breakdown at higher applied voltages. The barrier height is estimated to be ∼0.82eV. The grain conductivity shows a transition from a negative temperature coefficient of resistance with activation energy of ∼0.08eV to a positive temperature coefficient of resistance at 280 °C suggesting a transition from impurity ionization to scattering controlled mobility in the carrier saturation region.
What is language death? (2014)

The phrase ‘language death’ sounds as stark and final as any other in which that word makes its unwelcome appearance. And it has similar implications and resonances. To say that a language is dead is like saying that a person is dead. It could be no other way – for languages have no existence without people.
Joint decoding and carrier phase recovery algorithm for turbo codes (2001)

In this letter, we investigate the sensitivity of the iterative maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoder to carrier phase offsets and propose simple carrier phase recovery algorithms operating within the iterative MAP decoding iterations. The algorithms exploit the information contained in the extrinsic values generated within the iterative MAP decoder to perform carrier recovery, thus requiring low hardware complexity.