gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Abnormality Facilitates Cyst Formation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (2017)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) constitutes the most inherited kidney disease. Mutations in the <i>PKD1</i> and <i>PKD2</i> genes, encoding the polycystin 1 and polycystin 2 Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion channels, respectively, result in tubular epithelial cell-derived renal cysts. Recent clinical studies demonstrate oxidative stress to be present early in ADPKD. Mitochondria comprise the primary reactive oxygen species source and also their main effector target; however, the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in ADPKD remains uncharacterized. To clarify this function, we examined the mitochondria of cyst-lining cells in ADPKD model mice (Ksp-Cre <i>PKD1</i><sup>flox/flox</sup>) and rats (Han:SPRD <i>Cy/+</i>), demonstrating obvious tubular cell morphological abnormalities. Notably, the mitochondrial DNA copy number and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) expression were decreased in ADPKD model animal kidneys, with PGC-1α expression inversely correlated with oxidative stress levels. Consistent with these findings, human ADPKD cyst-derived cells with heterozygous and homozygous <i>PKD1</i> mutation exhibited morphological and functional abnormalities, including increased mitochondrial superoxide. Furthermore, PGC-1α expression was suppressed by decreased intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels via calcineurin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nitric oxide synthase deactivation. Moreover, the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant MitoQuinone (MitoQ) reduced intracellular superoxide and inhibited cyst epithelial cell proliferation through extracellular signal-related kinase/MAPK inactivation. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondrial abnormalities facilitate cyst formation in ADPKD.
A High Resolution Video Display System by Seamlessly Tiling Multiple Projectors (2007)

With the rapid advances of digital photography technology, high resolution video can be recorded using video camera for home entertainment and digital cinema. High end projector used for high resolution video display is bulky and expensive, only suitable for fixed installation, and prevents itself from being widely adopted. In this paper, we present one high resolution video display system using multiple projectors to replace the high end projector playback system. Our system is driven by single PC with PCI-E16 x interface and supports at least triple projectors, which is suitable for building surround video display system. It fully exploits the high bandwidth between CPU and graphics card, and efficiently plays back high resolution video of any format supported by commercial video player. We design geometric alignment and photometric correction methods to display the video content seamlessly on the planar display screen. Experimental results show that our system displays high resolution video at its full frame rate.
A 48×48 CdZnTe array with multiplexer readout (2002)

We report results of gamma-ray imaging and energy-resolution tests of a 48/spl times/48 CdZnTe array. Our detectors have 125 /spl mu/m square pixel electrodes produced by photolithography and are indium-bump-bonded to multiplexer readout circuit. Using a collimated beam of 140 keV gamma rays of 120 /spl mu/m diameter centered on one pixel, we found that the majority of events produced significant charge deposition in nearby pixels. Charge and energy are transported out of the pixel by charge diffusion, photoelectron range, Compton scattering, and escape of K X-rays. These effects also distort single-pixel spectra, although photopeaks are still discernible at 140 keV. When signals from neighboring pixels are summed together to correct for this charge spreading, an energy resolution of 10 keV is obtained at 140 keV. Corrections will be simpler and energy resolution should be better for the 380 /spl mu/m pixels of the 64/spl times/64 CdZnTe arrays we are constructing for an ultra-high-resolution brain imager.
Cryostat to provide a solid deuterium layer in a plastic shell for the Gekko XII glass laser system (1992)

A system to provide a liquid or solid deuterium shell target with a plastic ablator for laser implosion experiments was developed. The system is capable of filling a plastic capsule with deuterium gas of 11 MPa at room temperature at the firing position in the target chamber. Then, the target is cooled down to a cryogenic temperature to form a uniform liquid or solid fuel layer inside without exposing it to the atmosphere. Details of the system, tensile strength of polystyrene shells at low temperature, and the residual vapor pressure in the central void of the target at the laser irradiation are described.
Tumour markers in breast carcinoma correlate with grade rather than with invasiveness (2001)

Ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is regarded as a precursor to invasive breast cancer. The progression from in situ to invasive cancer is however little understood. We compared some tumour markers in invasive and in situ breast carcinomas trying to find steps in this progression. We designed a semi-experimental setting and compared histopathological grading and tumour marker expression in pure DCIS (n = 194), small invasive lesions (n = 127) and lesions with both an invasive and in situ component (n = 305). Grading was done according to the Elston-Ellis and EORTC classification systems, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for p53, c-erbB-2, Ki-67, ER, PR, bcl-2 and angiogenesis. All markers correlated with grade rather than with invasiveness. No marker was clearly associated with the progression from in situ to invasiveness. The expression of tumour markers was almost identical in the 2 components of mixed lesions. DCIS as a group showed a more 'malignant picture' than invasive cancer according to the markers, probably, due to a higher proportion of poorly differentiated lesions. The step between in situ and invasive cancer seems to occur independently of tumour grade. The results suggest that well-differentiated DCIS progress to well-differentiated invasive cancer and poorly differentiated DCIS progress to poorly differentiated invasive cancer.
Modulation of Laser Beams by Atmospheric Turbulence (1965)

When laser bcams are propagated through the air, they are modulatcd with a noise-like spectrum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> having a baseband width the order of hundreds of cycles and a nearly exponential frequency distribution. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> Hogg <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> used a 2.6-km path; Hinchman and Buck <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> used paths of 9 and 90 miles. In each case the optics alld range were such that the receiver col lected a small fraction of the total beam. Since atmospheric refraction causes twinkling and tearing of the beam, one would expect amplitude modulation of the signal received under these conditions even for constant intensity of the total beam.
Gastric ulcer therapy with a pepsin-inactivating peptide, pepstatin: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. (1979)

Sixty consecutive patients with gastric ulcer were studied at random after treatment with 100 mg pepstatin or 100 mg placebo seven times a day at fixed hours and controlled 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initial diagnosis. Examinations comprised clinical symptoms and endoscopic evaluation of ulcer healing. Eight patients were withdrawn from the study. Ulcer healing and symptoms were better with placebo than with pepstatin, but a type-2 error of a 10% effect in favour of pepstatin may be overlooked. In gastric ulcer treatment, pepstatin seems to be of only fringe benefit, if of any benefit at all.
An industry-ready 200 mm p-GaN E-mode GaN-on-Si power technology (2018)

Enhancement mode 650V rated p-GaN gate HEMTs are fabricated on 200 mm p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> Si substrates by using an industrial, Au-free process. The devices show true e-mode performance, with a high V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> of 2.8 V, low off-state leakage current and are dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS-ON</sub> free over the complete V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> and temperature range. High temperature reverse bias (HTRB) testing is done on-wafer and after packaging. For the first time, 650 V e-mode power HEMTs realized on 200 mm Si substrates, show industry ready device performance and pass 1008 hour reliability testing, at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> =0 V, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> =650 V.
Silicon Electro-Optic Modulator Fabricated on Silicon Substrate Utilizing the Three-Terminal Transistor Waveguide Structure (2008)

The fabrication and characterization of the three-terminal transistor-based optical waveguide modulators fabricated on silicon substrate are reported. The modulation scheme was achieved via the carrier injection, or plasma dispersion effect. The spin-on-dopant (SOD) method was conducted at 1000 °C in a mixture of nitrogen/oxygen ambient to separately pattern the heavily-doped source (n+), gate (p+), and drain (n+) regions. The corresponding p- and n-type dopant profiles were determined using the spreading resistance probe (SRP) technique, of which the highest surface concentrations of ∼2.09×1020 and ∼3.53×1020 cm-3 were respectively achieved. The resultant dopant concentrations and diffusion depths were found to be critically dependent on the diffusion time and temperature. The results of our experiments revealed that there are virtually little or no dependencies of the modulation depth on the gate current and modulation length. Finally, the modulators thus fabricated showed an ultra-sensitivity on the drain–source voltage (VDS), with a modulation depth close to 100% at VDS∼±5 V when a 5 mA gate current was applied.
Boll Damage by Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Caged on Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (1999)

Damage to bolls of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton by southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was evaluated in field-cage studies. Fifth instars of N. viridula confined singly over a 9-d-old boll for 3.5 d caused more damage than adult stink bugs or earlier instars. Boll damage by 5th instars of N. viridula decreased as boll age increased from 4 to 18 d from white bloom; damage to 18-d-old bolls was negligible. Exposure of 13-d-old bolls singly to 5th instars of N. viridula for 7 d reduced boll yield by 59% compared with unexposed bolls. Adults of L. lineolaris caused boll injury similar in type to that of 4th instars of N. viridula after confinement of adults singly with an 8-d-old boll for 8 d. However, the much larger 4th instars of N. viridula caused significantly more damage than adults of L. lineolaris. These data should be particularly useful in the development of treatment thresholds for the aforementioned pests in transgenic Bt cotton where insecticide use is limited.
Embryo Adoption: The Legal and Moral Challenges (2007)

In the twenty-first century, infertile couples have a significant number of options to pursue in order to achieve a successful pregnancy.Reproductive therapies and artificial reproductive technology (ART) give numerous couples the opportunity to bear children where generations ago they would have been without hope.However this new hope has brought with it new and challenging moral dilemmas concerning embryonic life and the womb.This paper discusses the advent, consequences and controversy of one of those moral dilemmas: embryo adoption.With an estimated 400,000 human embryos cryogenically preserved around the United States,' and the stockpile of embryos growing at a current rate of 18.8% annually, 2 interested individuals and groups of all different motivations have weighed in on the proper method for disposing of these embryos.Supporters of embryonic stem cell research desire that the embryos be donated for scientific experimentation.Among opponents of embryonic stem cell research who believe the embryo deserves protection as a human person, many call for these embryos to be rescued and placed where they belong: in a mother's womb through a process they call "embryo adoption."Yet, not all who believe the embryo deserves the protection of a human person agree that embryo adoption is a prudent course of action.Instead, several advocate allowing the embryos to naturally perish and instead fight the battle against the creation of excess embryos.Both these factions consider the embryo a human life worthy of protection.The question dividing them is: when life has been created in an unnatural way, how does the pro-life community respond to the unique problems that result?Part I discusses the evolution of the reproductive technology that has created the very high number of embryos frozen in storage; Part II looks at the use of embryo adoption to try to deal with a current perceived problem; Part III looks at the current law surrounding embryo adoption; and Part IV
FRICTION OF TRANSMISSION CLUTCH MATERIALS AS AFFECTED BY FLUIDS, ADDITIVES, AND OXIDATION (1960)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Studies to elucidate the relationship between friction and automatic transmission operation have been conducted in two types of apparatus-one a full-scale transmission setup and the other a bench apparatus. Fluids, fluid oxidation, additives, and clutch plate materials were investigated. It has been found that both fluids and additives have an appreciable effect on friction characteristics. With respect to clutch plate materials, differences in friction characteristics were observed. Transmission tests, conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere, show that fluid deterioration by oxidation is not the only cause of clutch plate squawk.</div>
LVDS I/O interface for Gb/s-per-pin operation in 0.35-μm CMOS (2001)

This paper presents the design and the implementation of input/output (I/O) interface circuits for Gb/s-per-pin operation, fully compatible with low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) standard. Due to the differential transmission technique and the low voltage swing, LVDS allows high transmission speeds and low power consumption at the same time. In the proposed transmitter, the required tolerance on the dc output levels was achieved over process, temperature, and supply voltage variations with neither external components nor trimming procedures, by means of a closed-loop control circuit and an internal voltage reference. The proposed receiver implements a dual-gain-stage folded-cascode architecture which allows a 1.2-Gb/s transmission speed with the minimum common-mode and differential voltage at the input. The circuits were implemented in a 3.3-V 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology in a couple of test chips. Transmission operations up to 1.2 Gb/s with random data patterns and up to 2 Gb/s in asynchronous mode were demonstrated. The transmitter and receiver pad cells exhibit a power consumption of 43 and 33 mW, respectively.
Oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis. (1999)

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Both a noncytopathic (ncp) and an antigenically related cytopathic (cp) BVDV can be isolated from persistently infected animals suffering from mucosal disease. In every case studied so far, the genomic changes leading to the cp biotype correlate with the production of the NS3 nonstructural protein, which, in the ncp biotype, is present in its uncleaved form, NS23. This report shows that, in contrast to ncp BVDV, the cp biotype induces apoptosis in cultured embryonic bovine turbinate cells. Early in the process of apoptosis, cells show a rise in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, which is indicative of oxidative stress. This precedes two hallmarks of apoptosis, caspase activation as shown by cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and DNA fragmentation. Cells were protected from apoptosis only by certain antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole and ebselen), whereas others (N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid and tiron) turned out to be ineffective. Antioxidants that protected cells from apoptosis prevented oxidative stress but failed to block virus growth. These observations suggest that oxidative stress, which occurs early in the interaction between cp BVDV and its host cell, may be a crucial event in the sequence leading to apoptotic cell death. Hence, apoptosis is not required for the multiplication of the cp biotype of BVDV.
Preparation and characterization of <i>p</i>‐toluene sulfonyl ester and amino derivatives of tri‐ and poly(ethylene glycol) (1984)

Abstract Methods described in the literature are inadequate for the preparation of pure polyethylene glycol (PEG) tosylate. Therefore an improved method is presented. The hydroxyl groups on PEG can be quantitatively converted into the tosylate and isolated from the reaction medium free from impurities with no chain cleavage or reduction in molecular weight. 1,2‐Di( N ‐phenyl 2‐aminoethoxy) ethane, α,ω‐di( N ‐phenyl 2‐aminoethyl) poly(oxyethylene), and α,ω‐di( N ‐phenyl, N ‐benzyl 2‐aminoethyl) poly(oxyethylene) were prepared from the tosylates of tri‐ and poly(ethylene glycol)s and the corresponding primary and secondary aromatic amines.
Disruption of podocyte cytoskeletal biomechanics by dasatinib leads to nephrotoxicity (2019)

Nephrotoxicity is a critical adverse event that leads to discontinuation of kinase inhibitor (KI) treatment. Here we show, through meta-analyses of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, that dasatinib is associated with high risk for glomerular toxicity that is uncoupled from hypertension, suggesting a direct link between dasatinib and podocytes. We further investigate the cellular effects of dasatinib and other comparable KIs with varying risks of nephrotoxicity. Dasatinib treated podocytes show significant changes in focal adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, and morphology that are not observed with other KIs. We use phosphoproteomics and kinome profiling to identify the molecular mechanisms of dasatinib-induced injury to the actin cytoskeleton, and atomic force microscopy to quantify impairment to cellular biomechanics. Furthermore, chronic administration of dasatinib in mice causes reversible glomerular dysfunction, loss of stress fibers, and foot process effacement. We conclude that dasatinib induces nephrotoxicity through altered podocyte actin cytoskeleton, leading to injurious cellular biomechanics.
A Pilot Study Comparing Percutaneous Decompression With Decompressive Laparotomy for Acute Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Thermal Injury (2002)

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) has multiple causes, and decompressive laparotomy has been the most frequent modality to prevent worsening cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function. This pilot study evaluated the utility of percutaneous drainage (PD) of peritoneal fluid compared with decompressive laparotomy in burn patients. A 26-month review was conducted. Nine of 13 (69%) study patients developed intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) that progressed to abdominal compartment syndrome in 4 (31%). All were treated with PD using a diagnostic peritoneal lavage catheter. Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed a sterile plasma ultrafiltrate with electrolyte and other chemistries reflecting patient serum levels. Five patients underwent PD successfully, and their IAH did not progress to ACS. Four patients with greater than 80% TBSA and severe inhalation injury did not respond to PD and required decompressive laparotomy. There was no evidence of bowel edema, ischemia, or necrosis. All patients requiring decompressive laparotomies died either from sepsis or respiratory failure. Percutaneous decompression is a safe and effective method of decreasing IAH and preventing ACS in patients with less than 80% TBSA thermal injury.
Using Volunteer Tracking Information for Activity- Based Travel Demand Modeling and Finding Dynamic Interaction-Based Joint-Activity Opportunities (2011)

People most at risk of influenza complications are the elderly with impaired immunity. Clinical picture of influenza virus infection includes symptoms such as chills, increased body temperature, dry cough, chest pain, or dizziness as well as headaches and muscle aches. In the diagnosis of influenza, quick and effective tests are necessary. Sensitive diagnostic methods of molecular biology require more time, but the result firmly confirm or exclude the presence of the genetic material of influenza or other respiratory viruses. Influenza vaccination plays an important role in combating influenza infection. Unfortunately, the awareness of vaccination benefits is insufficient in Poland. In this study we demonstrate the results of examination of 4,507 people aged over 14 years toward the influenza infection in the epidemic season of 2017/18. Most of the confirmed infections were reported in older people aged over 65, a high-risk population group. A low percentage of the vaccinated population may affect an increased number of confirmed influenza viruses in the elderly. The findings demonstrate a need to increase awareness of vaccination benefits, which is particularly essential to avoid influenza infection in the elderly.
Epidemiology of diarrhoeal disease: implications for control by vaccines (1993)

Vaccines present perhaps the most attractive solution to the worldwide problem of diarrhoeal disease. Epidemiological evidence has important implications for the development and use of such vaccines, and results of studies on diarrhoeal diseases in developing and developed countries, in particular among children, and travellers' diarrhoea are reviewed. The virulence and pathogenicity of various enteropathogens are discussed, and the extent to which immunity may be acquired. It is concluded that the development of appropriate vaccines may be a complex task.
A tunable metamaterial absorber using varactor diodes (2013)

We present the design, analysis and measurements of a polarization-insensitive tunable metamaterial absorber with varactor diodes embedded between metamaterial units. The basic unit shows excellent absorptivity in the designed frequency band over a wide range of incident angles. By regulating the reverse bias voltage on the varactor diode, the absorption frequency of the designed unit can be controlled continuously. The absorption mechanism is interpreted using the electromagnetic-wave interference theory. When the metamaterial units are placed along two orthogonal directions, the absorber is insensitive to the polarization of incident waves. The tunability of the absorber has been verified by experimental results with the measured bandwidth of 1.5 GHz (or relative bandwidth of 30%).
Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting. (1999)

Dr. Jose Baselga (Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain) chaired and led a discussion of several posters on the marking and detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and compounds that target this receptor. The posters consisted of biological studies and phase I trials with EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors. The basis of EGFR targeting in cancer therapy depends on the overexpression in malignancy and potential inhibition with antibodies and TK inhibitors. Correlations have been made between receptor function and inhibition of growth.