gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orientation imaging microscopy: New possibilities for microstructural investigations using automated BKD analysis (1993)

A new microscopy, called Orientation Imaging Microscopy, is described. Imaging results from precise measurements of local lattice orientation rapidly obtained by Backscattered Kikuchi Diffraction. The hardware configuration of the microscope is described and a description of image formation presented. Applications to several materials of differing lattice structure are described. Connections of the microscopy with various aspects of modern texture analysis are emphasized.
Crystal Growth, Thermal and Laser Properties of Neodymium-doped Strontium Fluorapatite (1999)

In this paper, the neodymium-doped strontium fluorapatite crystal has been grown by the Czochralski method. The data of thermal expansion and specific heat of the crystal have been measured. The thermal expansion coefficients along X and Z direction are α 1 =11.4×10 -6 /K and α 3 =12.3×10 -6 /K respectively. The specific heat is 110 cal/mol·K at 330 K. The measured absorption spectra from 400 nm to 850 nm show that the crystal has absorption peaks around 805.5 nm, and the absorption coefficients at 805.5 nm are 16.05 cm -1 and 5.59 cm -1 for π and σ polarization respectively. The polarization fluorescence spectra at room temperature show that the strongest fluorescence is centered at 1058.8 nm. The lifetime of 4 F 3/2 is 175 µs for 1 at.% Nd 3+ doped in the crystal. The laser at 1058.8 nm is demonstrated pumped by a 3W cw laser diode at 805.5 nm, and the slope efficiency is 31.7%.
Reaction of tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> from Yeast with 1‐Fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (1978)

The reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with tRNAPhe from yeast, for the introduction of antigenic-determining 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues into tRNA, took place only at adenosine residues in tRNAPhe. After reaction at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C two kinds of products were detected: one was ribose-modified adenosine which was derived from the 3' terminus of tRNA, and the other was base-modified adenosine. The sites and extent of the modification of each particular adenosine residue of tRNAPhe were determined as follows: 5 (6% modified), 31 (2%), 35 (36%), 67 (5%), and 76 (51%). Thus mainly the terminal adenosine and one adenosine in the anticodon loop bear the 2,4-dinitrophenyl residue.
Improving the Performance of Fine-Grain Image Classifiers via Generative Data Augmentation (2020)

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and computer vision tools have enabled applications in a wide variety of arenas such as financial analytics, medical diagnostics, and even within the Department of Defense. However, their widespread implementation in real-world use cases poses several challenges: (1) many applications are highly specialized, and hence operate in a \emph{sparse data} domain; (2) ML tools are sensitive to their training sets and typically require cumbersome, labor-intensive data collection and data labelling processes; and (3) ML tools can be extremely "black box," offering users little to no insight into the decision-making process or how new data might affect prediction performance. To address these challenges, we have designed and developed Data Augmentation from Proficient Pre-Training of Robust Generative Adversarial Networks (DAPPER GAN), an ML analytics support tool that automatically generates novel views of training images in order to improve downstream classifier performance. DAPPER GAN leverages high-fidelity embeddings generated by a StyleGAN2 model (trained on the LSUN cars dataset) to create novel imagery for previously unseen classes. We experimentally evaluate this technique on the Stanford Cars dataset, demonstrating improved vehicle make and model classification accuracy and reduced requirements for real data using our GAN based data augmentation framework. The method's validity was supported through an analysis of classifier performance on both augmented and non-augmented datasets, achieving comparable or better accuracy with up to 30\% less real data across visually similar classes. To support this method, we developed a novel augmentation method that can manipulate semantically meaningful dimensions (e.g., orientation) of the target object in the embedding space.
Inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) synthetase (PARS) and protection against peroxynitrite‐induced cytotoxicity by zinc chelation (1999)

Peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide causes thymocyte necrosis, in part, via activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). The cytotoxic PARS pathway initiated by DNA strand breaks and excessive PARS activation has been shown to deplete cellular energy pools, leading to cell necrosis. Here we have investigated the effect of tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) a heavy metal chelator on peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity. TPEN (10 microM) abolished cell death induced by authentic peroxynitrite (25 microM) and the peroxynitrite generating agent 3-morpholinosidnonimine (SIN-1, 250 microM). Preincubation of TPEN with equimolar Zn2+ but not Ca2+ or Mg2+ blocked the cytoprotective effect of the chelator. TPEN (10 microM) markedly reduced the peroxynitrite-induced decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, secondary superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane damage, indicating that it acts proximal to mitochondrial alterations. Although TPEN (1 - 300 microM) did not scavenge peroxynitrite, it inhibited PARS activation in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effect of TPEN is only partly mediated via PARS inhibition, as the chelator also protected PARS-deficient thymocytes from peroxynitrite-induced death. While being cytoprotective against peroxynitrite-induced necrotic death, TPEN (10 microM), similar to other agents that inhibit PARS, enhanced apoptosis (at 5-6 h after exposure), as characterized by phosphatydilserine exposure, caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, the current data demonstrate that TPEN, most likely by zinc chelation, exerts protective effects against peroxynitrite-induced necrosis. Its effects are, in part, mediated by inhibition of PARS.
Control strategy for a three phase AC traction drive with three-level GTO PWM inverter (2003)

A control strategy developed for two-level inverters is applied to the three-level gate-turn-off PWM inverter. This is done by replacing the three-level inverter by two coupled two-level inverters and taking the coupling condition into account. A control strategy based on the method of direct self-control is described. Results from computer simulation for a traction motor with 1400 kW nominal power are shown and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REDUCED VIABILITY OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN VITREOUS HUMOR (1999)

Normal mammalian vitreous humor maintains its avascularity after regression of hyaloid vessels. Neovascularization in adults is only detected under pathological conditions which suggests that antiangiogenic factors are present in the vitreous humor. To elucidate the mechanism of vitreal angiogenic inhibition, we investigated the effect of vitreous humor on cultured vascular endothelial cells. When bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of bovine vitreous humor in medium, a decrease in cell viability was observed within 24 h. Ascorbic acid from vitreous humor has been identified as a cell death inducing factor with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and molecular mass analysis. Ascorbic acid reduced endothelial cell viability at concentrations normally present in vitreous humor. This effect was completely inhibited by antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and catalase. Amongst the ascorbic acid derivatives tested, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate did not induce cell death, suggesting that the production of ascorbyl radical is required for induction of cell death. Furthermore, capillary formation in three-dimensional collagen gel cultures characteristic of vascular endothelial cells were disrupted in the presence of ascorbic acid. Since ascorbic acid is highly concentrated in ocular tissues, especially in vitreous humor, it may function as a neovascularization inhibitor.
TAP: A Platform for Enabling Enterprises to Develop Business Specific Text Analytic Applications (2005)

Many enterprises are beginning to exploit the vast amount of data available on the Web, to streamline their business processes and gain advantage over their competitors. However, building text analytic applications that provide such vital business information, is very hard. Further, there are several functionalities that are common across many text analytic applications. In this paper, we provide a platform called TAP (Text Analytic Platform), that provides several tools and services that are used commonly across many text analytic applications. TAP could be used by business enterprises to build text analytic applications rapidly. It uses WebFountain to gather the application-specific data and provide other tools that help in developing and deploying application-specific miners.
Network topology configuration management experience report (1999)

Sprint started working with the TINA-C recommendations in 1996. In 1998 it deployed connection manager (CM), a provisioning system in support of Sprint ION, which used the network resource architecture (NRA) as its software blueprint. The initial scope of CM includes provisioning of ATM and ATM-transported services of voice, IP, and frame relay. In this paper we focus on how CM used and extended the network topology configuration management (NTCM) model to represent physical resources, their capabilities, and the rules for their allocation. Our experience with the following concepts are explored: usage of administrative and management domains, modeling of capabilities of actual devices, support for bandwidth and address management, and representation of interworking functions between technologies.
PARN Modulates Y RNA Stability and Its 3′-End Formation (2017)

Loss-of-function mutations in 3'-to-5' exoribonucleases have been implicated in hereditary human diseases. For example, PARN mutations cause a severe form of dyskeratosis congenita (DC), wherein PARN deficiency leads to human telomerase RNA instability. Since the DC phenotype in PARN patients is even more severe than that of loss-of-function alleles in telomerase components, we hypothesized that PARN would also be required for the stability of other RNAs. Here, we show that PARN depletion reduces the levels of abundant human Y RNAs, which might contribute to the severe phenotype of DC observed in patients. Depletion of PAPD5 or the cytoplasmic exonuclease DIS3L rescues the effect of PARN depletion on Y RNA levels, suggesting that PARN stabilizes Y RNAs by removing oligoadenylated tails added by PAPD5, which would otherwise recruit DIS3L for Y RNA degradation. Through deep sequencing of 3' ends, we provide evidence that PARN can also deadenylate the U6 and RMRP RNAs without affecting their levels. Moreover, we observed widespread posttranscriptional oligoadenylation, uridylation, and guanylation of U6 and Y RNA 3' ends, suggesting that in mammalian cells, the formation of a 3' end for noncoding RNAs can be a complex process governed by the activities of various 3'-end polymerases and exonucleases.
Transport of Sequence-Specific RNA Interference Information Between Cells (2007)

When eukaryotic cells encounter double-stranded RNA, genes of matching sequence are silenced through RNA interference. Surprisingly, in some animals and plants, the same gene is specifically silenced even in cells that did not encounter the double-stranded RNA, due to the transport of a gene-specific silencing signal between cells. This silencing signal likely has an RNA component that gives it sequence-specificity, however its precise identity remains unknown. Studies in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and in plants have revealed parts of a complex protein machinery that transports this silencing signal. Some of these proteins are conserved in vertebrates, including mammals, raising the possibility that higher animals can communicate gene-specific silencing information between cells. Such communication provides antiviral immunity in plants and perhaps in C. elegans. Identifying the transported silencing signal and deciphering the evolutionarily selected role of the transport machinery are some of the key challenges for the future.
Activity-Dependent Structural and Functional Plasticity of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions (2008)

Observations from different brain areas have established that the adult nervous system can undergo significant experience-related structural changes throughout life. Less familiar is the notion that morphological plasticity affects not only neurons but glial cells as well. Yet there is abundant evidence showing that astrocytes, the most numerous cells in the mammalian brain, are highly mobile. Under physiological conditions as different as reproduction, sensory stimulation, and learning, they display a remarkable structural plasticity, particularly conspicuous at the level of their lamellate distal processes that normally ensheath all portions of neurons. Distal astrocytic processes can undergo morphological changes in a matter of minutes, a remodeling that modifies the geometry and diffusion properties of the extracellular space and relationships with adjacent neuronal elements, especially synapses. Astrocytes respond to neuronal activity via ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and transporters on their processes; they transmit information via release of neuroactive substances. Where astrocytic processes are mobile then, astrocytic-neuronal interactions become highly dynamic, a plasticity that has important functional consequences since it modifies extracellular ionic homeostasis, neurotransmission, gliotransmission, and ultimately neuronal function at the cellular and system levels. Although a complete picture of intervening cellular mechanisms is lacking, some have been identified, notably certain permissive molecular factors common to systems capable of remodeling (cell surface and extracellular matrix adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal proteins) and molecules that appear specific to each system (neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, steroids, growth factors) that trigger or reverse the morphological changes.
Congestion, Land Use and Job Dispersion: A General Equilibrium Model (1998)

In dispersed cities, congestion tolls would drive up central wages and rents and would induce centrally located producers to want to disperse closer to their workers and their customers, paying lower rents and realizing productivity gains from land to labor substitution. But the tolls would also induce residents to want to locate more centrally in order to economize on commuting and shopping travel. In a computable general equilibrium model, we find that the centralizing effect of tolls on residences dominates on the decentralizing effect of tolls on firms causing the dispersed city to have more centralized job and population densities. Under stylized parameters, we find that efficiency gains from levying congestion tolls on work and shopping travel are 3.0% of average income. About 80% of such gains come from road planning and 20% from tolls.
Selection and Analysis of Mutations in an Encephalomyocarditis Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site That Improve the Efficiency of a Bicistronic Flavivirus Construct (2007)

Flaviviruses have a positive-stranded RNA genome, which simultaneously serves as an mRNA for translation of the viral proteins. All of the structural and nonstructural proteins are translated from a cap-dependent cistron as a single polyprotein precursor. In an earlier study (K. K. Orlinger, V. M. Hoenninger, R. M. Kofler, and C. W. Mandl, J. Virol. 80:12197-12208, 2006), it was demonstrated that an artificial bicistronic flavivirus genome, TBEV-bc, in which the region coding for the viral surface glycoproteins prM and E from tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) had been removed from its natural context and inserted into the 3' noncoding region under the control of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) produces viable, infectious virus when cells are transfected with this RNA. The rates of RNA replication and infectious particle formation were significantly lower with TBEV-bc, however, than with wild-type TBEV. In this study, we have identified two types of mutations, selected by passage in BHK-21 cells, that enhance the growth properties of TBEV-bc. The first type occurred in the E protein, and these most likely increase the affinity of the virus for heparan sulfate on the cell surface. The second type occurred in the inserted EMCV IRES, in the oligo(A) loop of the J-K stem-loop structure, a binding site for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. These included single-nucleotide substitutions as well as insertions of additional adenines in this loop. An A-to-C substitution in the oligo(A) loop decreased the efficiency of the IRES itself but nevertheless resulted in improved rates of virus particle formation and overall replication efficiency. These results demonstrate the need for proper balance in the competition for free template RNA between the viral RNA replication machinery and the cellular translation machinery at the two different start sites and also identify specific target sites for the improvement of bicistronic flavivirus expression vectors.
The So-Called “Anthraquinonediimines”; Symmetrical Trisubstituted Triazines (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe So-Called "Anthraquinonediimines"; Symmetrical Trisubstituted TriazinesC. V. WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 5, 1901–1903Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01185a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Horizontally-mounted solar collector (1976)

Solar energy is collected by using a vertical deflector assembly, a stationary reflector and a horizontally mounted solar collector. The deflector assembly contains a plurality of vanes which change the direction of the solar energy to the vertical, while constantly keeping the same side of the deflector facing the sun. The vertical rays are then reflected off the stationary reflector and are then absorbed by the collector.
Phase 1–2 Trial of Antisense Oligonucleotide Tofersen for <i>SOD1</i> ALS (2020)

In adults with ALS due to <i>SOD1</i> mutations, CSF SOD1 concentrations decreased at the highest concentration of tofersen administered intrathecally over a period of 12 weeks. CSF pleocytosis occurred in some participants receiving tofersen. Lumbar puncture-related adverse events were observed in most participants. (Funded by Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02623699; EudraCT number, 2015-004098-33.).
A 1.25–5 GHz Clock Generator With High-Bandwidth Supply-Rejection Using a Regulated-Replica Regulator in 45-nm CMOS (2009)

A clock generator for high-speed chip-to-chip link receivers was implemented in a 45-nm CMOS SOI technology. A low sensitivity to supply voltage noise was achieved by means of a low dropout voltage regulator using a replica feedback in the regulation loop, where the replica resistance is regulated by a second loop. We show that by adjusting the replica load the necessary matching of the gm/gds ratio of the current sources can be achieved. A power supply rejection of > 22 dB was measured up to 1 GHz for a circuit operating from a 1 V supply with 80 pF decoupling capacitance and a load current of 18.5 mA. The maximum supply sensitivity of the clock generation circuit (DLL plus phase rotators) was 4.5 ps/100 mV supply noise over the entire noise frequency range at clock frequencies from 1.25-5 GHz. The phase rotator achieves a wide range of operating frequencies by providing programmable rise/fall times in its selection stage. In addition, low voltage operation of the circuit was demonstrated at supply voltages down to 0.7 V and a clock frequency of 1.6 GHz.
Using Punnett Squares To Facilitate Students' Understanding of Isotopic Distributions in Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Punnett squares, widely used in the teaching of biology, are shown to be useful in teaching chemistry. A novel re-interpretation of the Punnett square is demonstrated—using Punnett squares to interpret and predict low-resolution mass spectra. This application will be particularly helpful to instructors and students of analytical chemistry and environmental science.