gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-jamming performance of multi-carrier spread spectrum with constant envelope (2004)

A special complex sequence, called a complex quadratic sequence, is proposed as the frequency-spreading sequence for multicarrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) modulation scheme. The resulting MC-SS signal has constant envelope in both time and frequency domains. This feature provides flexibility for the MC-SS system to mitigate the effects of both partial-bond jamming and pulse jamming. For partial-band jamming, the MC-SS system with frequency domain detection and combining can outperform DS/SS. for pulse jamming, the MC-SS system with time-domain detection and combining can outperform MC-SS systems. The proposed MC-SS signal has a constant envelope thus reducing linearity requirements on the power amplifier. A simple jammer state estimation scheme for both partial-band and pulse jamming channel is also proposed and analyzed. Furthermore multi-access with the MC-SS system is possible by assigning users with different cyclic-shifts of the complex quadratic sequence. Simulation results are provided to verify our analysis.
Increased circulating antiganglioside antibodies in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (1998)

Plasma samples from 70 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 41 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 38 healthy subjects were examined for antibodies against gangliosides GM1, GM3, GD1a, GD1b, and GD3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The percentages of subjects with increased anti-GM3 responses were significantly higher in the primary progressive MS (56.3%) and secondary progressive MS (42.9%) groups than in the relapsing-remitting MS (2.9%), healthy subject (2.6%), and OND (14.6%) groups. Elevated antiganglioside antibodies may be secondary to axonal damage or may be a cause of axonal damage and accumulating disability in progressive MS. In either case, they may serve as a marker of axonal damage in MS.
Local translational control in dendrites and its role in long‐term synaptic plasticity (2005)

Local protein synthesis in dendrites has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to enduring forms of synaptic plasticity. Although the translational capability of dendrites has been appreciated for over 20 years, it is only recently that significant progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms that contribute to its regulation. It is clear from work over the last few years that the control of translation in dendrites is complex, involving a host of unique (and often surprising) mechanisms that can operate together or in parallel to tightly control gene expression in time and space. Here, we discuss the strategies used by neurons to regulate translation in dendrites and how these are implemented in the service of long-term information storage.
Broadband RF front-end and software execution procedure in software-defined radio (1999)

A software-defined radio is one of the solutions for realizing a multi-mode terminal for various mobile communication standards. The software-defined radio can be changed by replacement of the application software, including modems, filters, equalizers and so on. A radio terminal architecture fit for the ideal software-defined radio implementation is described. A broadband RF-stage configuration, which introduces the direct conversion principle, is proposed for realizing the multi-mode software-defined radio. A software configuration including the application program which does not depend on the hardware, and the basic programs which reconcile the differences between hardware and execution procedure, are also proposed.
Degree of branching in hyperbranched polymers. 2. Enhancement of the db: Scope and limitations (1997)

Abstract The degree of branching (DB) as well as the ANB (average number of branches) of polymers obtained from polycondensation of AB 2 and AB m ‐type monomers in general is analyzed in detail on the basis of kinetic considerations. Various possibilities for the enhancement of the DB of hyperbranched polymers beyond the limit for a random AB m polycondensation (0.5 for AB 2 , 0.44 for AB 3 ) are considered, i.e., (i) enhanced reactivity of linear vs. terminal units; (ii) polymerization of prefabricated, perfect dendritic units and (iii) the slow addition technique. For AB 2 monomers, the formation of terminal (T), linear (L) and perfect dendritic (D) units in the course of the random one‐pot polymerization is calculated. Furthermore, the evolution of the DB and ANB with conversion is calculated for AB m monomers. It is shown that the definition of the DB for AB 2 systems (DB = 2 D /(2 D + L )) derived in the first paper on the DB ( Acta Polym. 1997 , 48 , 30) in the case of a random one‐pot polycondensation exhibits the same conversion dependence as the branching parameter α = 1/2 P A , defined by Flory for AB 2 polycondensations. The dilution principle is introduced, which is based on slow addition of AB m monomers to a core molecule B f or an AB m ‐type hyperbranched molecule with an arbitrary DB. It is shown that the maximum DB value obtainable from such a dilution/slow addition process is 0.67 for AB 2 systems. Thus, the DB is considerably higher than in the case of a random one‐step polymerization (0.5). The DB for AB m ‐type hyperbranched polymers prepared according to the dilution principle has been calculated to be m /(2 m –1).
Wayback: a user-level versioning file system for linux (2004)

In a typical file system, only the current version of a file (or directory) is available. In Wayback, a user can also ac-cess any previous version, all the way back to the file’s creation time. Versioning is done automatically at the write level: each write to the file creates a new version. Wayback implements versioning using an undo log structure, ex-ploiting the massive space available on modern disks to provide its very useful functionality. Wayback is a user-level file system built on the FUSE framework that relies on an underlying file system for access to the disk. In ad-dition to simplifying Wayback, this also allows it to extend any existing file system with versioning: after being mounted, the file system can be mounted a second time with versioning. We describe the implementation of Way-back, and evaluate its performance using several benchmarks. 1
Purification and properties of inorganic pyrophosphatase of rat liver and hepatoma 3924A. (1982)

Inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1) has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the soluble portion of the cytoplasm of rat Hepatoma 3924A and rat liver. It has a specific activity of 600 to 700 mumol inorganic orthophosphate liberated per min per mg protein at 25 degrees, a value in the same range as the highly purified enzymes from yeast and Escherichia coli. By all criteria applied, the hepatoma inorganic pyrophosphatase is identical with the liver enzyme. It is a dimer with subunits with molecular weights of approximately 30,000 to 33,000 and has a pH optimum of 7.4, a Km for pyrophosphate of 5 microM, and a Ka for Mg2+ of 0.3 mM with a pyrophosphate concentration of 0.2 mM. It is not inhibited by high Mg2+ concentrations up to 20 mM. Other metal ions such as Zn2+ and Ca2+ do not activate. Mn2+ activates to less than 10% that of Mg2+ at 0.6 mM and has no effect at 1 mM or higher. In the presence of optimal (4 mM) Mg2+ concentration, Ca2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, and F- at 0.2 mM inhibited strongly, but Zn2+ at 1 mM was not inhibitory. The enzyme had no phosphatase activity toward any of the purine or pyrimidine nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates or toward p-nitrophenyl phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, or glucose 1-phosphate. Bromo- or iodoacetate at high concentration had no inhibitory effect, but p-chloromercuribenzoate and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate inhibited strongly at low concentration. The purified enzyme was very unstable but was protected markedly at or above the pH optimum of 7.4 by cysteine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione.
Acoustic emissions from chemical reactions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcoustic emissions from chemical reactionsD. Betteridge, Malcolm T. Joslin, and Trevor. LilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 7, 1064–1073Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00230a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00230a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Source Protection (2015)

Journalists sometimes get information from sources who, for various reasons, wish to keep their identities secret. The use of confidential sources raises a number of complex ethical and legal issues (→ Ethics in Journalism). To begin with, the idea of keeping information secret seems anathema to the basic purpose of journalism, which is to disseminate information to an audience. Also, some sources wish to remain confidential to hide their participation in questionable behavior, putting journalists in the awkward position of helping people escape social, political, or legal responsibility for their actions. If the identity of the source becomes a central question in a criminal investigation or civil trial, the journalist may have to choose between identifying the source and facing imprisonment or fines for refusing to do so. A journalist who voluntarily reveals a confidential source's identity can face serious professional and legal repercussions (→ Journalism: Legal Situation).
Phenotyping of drug-metabolizing enzymes in adults: a review of in-vivo cytochrome P450 phenotyping probes (2000)

Cytochrome P450 phenotyping provides valuable information about real-time activity of these important drug-metabolizing enzymes through the use of specific probe drugs. Despite more than 20 years of research, few conclusions regarding optimal phenotyping methods have been reached. Caffeine offers many advantages for CYP1A2 phenotyping, but the widely used caffeine urinary metabolic ratios may not be the optimal method of measuring CYP1A2 activity. Several probes of CYP2C9 activity have been suggested, but little information exists regarding their use, largely due to the narrow therapeutic index of most CYP2C9 probes. Mephenytoin has long been considered the standard CYP2C19 phenotyping probe, but problems such as sample stability and adverse effects have prompted the investigation of potential alternatives, such as omeprazole. Several well-validated CYP2D6 probes are available, including dextromethorphan, debrisoquin and sparteine, but, in most cases, dextromethorphan may be preferred due to its wide safety margin and availability. Chlorzoxazone remains the only CYP2E1 probe that has received much study. However, questions concerning phenotyping method and involvement of other enzymes have impaired its acceptance as a suitable CYP2E1 phenotyping probe. CYP3A phenotyping has been the subject of numerous investigations, reviews and commentaries. Nevertheless, much controversy regarding the selection of an ideal CYP3A probe remains. Of all the proposed methods, midazolam plasma clearance and the erythromycin breath test have been the most rigorously studied and appear to be the most reliable of the available methods. Despite the limitations of many currently available probes, with continued research, phenotyping will become an even more valuable research and clinical resource.
A Study on the Use of Word Embeddings and PageRank for Vietnamese Text Summarization (2015)

Automatic text summarization is the process of automatically reducing the length of documents without losing the primary ideas. Due to the flood of digital text-based information, there is a great demand for summarization systems. In this paper, we investigate a number of word-embedding based approaches for sentence representation which are combined with the PageRank algorithm to select sentences for summary construction. We compare these new methods with a range of other current approaches to summarization. While the same summarization approaches can generally be applied across different languages, we target Vietnamese because of the relative lack of previous work in this space and also because it provides a good example of a language which generally requires word segmentation. Our experiments find that a word-embedding and graph based approach is an effective strategy for Vietnamese summarization and that word segmentation is not necessary for achieving good summarization results.
D6.6 Final report on the METIS 5G system concept and technology roadmap (2014)

This deliverable presents the METIS 5G system concept which was developed to fulfil the \nrequirements of the beyond-2020 connected information society and to extend today’s \nwireless communication systems to include new usage scenarios. \nThe METIS 5G system concept consists of three generic 5G services and four main enablers. \nThe three generic 5G services are Extreme Mobile BroadBand (xMBB), Massive Machine-\nType Communications (mMTC), and Ultra-reliable Machine-Type Communication (uMTC). \nThe four main enablers are Lean System Control Plane (LSCP), Dynamic RAN, Localized \nContents and Traffic Flows, and Spectrum Toolbox.\nAn overview of the METIS 5G architecture is given, as well as spectrum requirements and \nconsiderations.\nSystem-level evaluation of the METIS 5G system concept has been conducted, and we conclude that the METIS technical objectives are met.\nA technology roadmap outlining further 5G development, including a timeline and recommended future work is given.
A soft exoskeleton for hand assistive and rehabilitation application using pneumatic actuators with variable stiffness (2015)

In this paper, we present the design of a soft wearable exoskeleton that comprises of a glove embedded with pneumatic actuators of variable stiffness for hand assistive and rehabilitation application. The device is lightweight and easily wearable due to the usage of soft pneumatic actuators. A key feature of the device is the variable stiffness of the actuators at different localities that not only conform to the finger profile during actuation, but also provides customizability for different hand dimensions. The actuators can achieve different bending profiles with variable stiffness implemented at different localities. Therefore, the device is able to perform different hand therapy exercises such as full fist, straight fist, hook fist and table top. The device was characterized in terms of its range of motion and maximum force output. Experiments were conducted to examine the differences between active and passive actuation. The results showed that the device could achieve hand grasping and pinching with acceptable range of motion and force.
Text segmentation in mixed-mode images using classification trees and transform tree-structured vector quantization (2002)

Multimedia applications such as educational videos and color facsimile contain images that are rich in both textual and continuous tone data. Because these two types of data have different properties, segmentation of the images into text and continuous tone data can improve compression by allowing different compression parameters or even algorithms to be employed on the different types. We propose and compare algorithms that use classification trees (CLTR) or tree-structured vector quantization (TSVQ) for block-based classification in mixed-mode images. We also examine different types of features that can be used in these classifiers. The results show that using linear transform features with either the CLTR or TSVQ can be effective for accurate text classification. In addition, the results indicate that combining these classifiers with another TSVQ that is designed simultaneously to minimize both compression and classification error can provide better classification than does either system alone.
A Method for Interdicting the Development of Severe Jaundice in Newborns by Inhibiting the Production of Bilirubin (2004)

Severe jaundice, with its potential for producing brain damage, remains a continuing and controversial problem in newborn medicine. Central issues in this problem are the unpredictable course of hyperbilirubinemia in some newborns, the undefined susceptibility of an individual infant to bilirubin toxicity, and the uncertain blood level at which bilirubin threatens the brain, an uncertainty that is intrinsic to the clinical circumstances and therapeutic context of severe newborn jaundice.

My laboratory group at Rockefeller University Hospital, together with collaborating pediatricians at other institutions, has developed a method for effectively controlling the production of bilirubin in newborns that can help to resolve these issues. The method involves use of an inhibitor that is targeted directly at the enzyme that controls heme degradation to bilirubin and permits physicians to rapidly, and predictably, interdict hyperbilirubinemia at any point in the progression of jaundice that they choose.

Bilirubin is a normal product of heme degradation, and the rate-limiting step in its formation is controlled by the enzyme heme oxygenase (Fig 1, top). Newborns produce bilirubin faster than they can dispose of it and thus experience a mild, transient jaundice after birth. This jaundice generally peaks at ∼96 hours, well after the mother and infant leave the hospital, according to current practice. In some infants, jaundice can run a severe course, unrecognized and then unmanageable. Substantial brain damage then may occur. The damage can take place rapidly and produce within hours the severe neurologic deterioration known as kernicterus. More subtle neurologic impairment caused by bilirubin is now being detected by better diagnostic means. The long-term consequences of such impairment are not known.



 Fig 1. 

Several hundred thousand infants, of the 4 million births annually in the United States, receive phototherapy to treat jaundice. Light treatment is effective in reducing the incidence of bilirubin brain damage, although … 

Address correspondence to Attallah Kappas, MD, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: kappas{at}rockefeller.edu
Instruction for Cytokine Expression in T Helper Lymphocytes in Relation to Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression (1999)

T helper (Th) lymphocytes, when reactivated, recall expression of those cytokines they had been instructed to express in earlier activations, even in the absence of specific cytokine-inducing factors. In cells that memorize their expression, the cytokine genes are modified by chromatin rearrangement and demethylation, suggesting that they have been somatically imprinted. Here we show, by using inhibitors blocking the cell cycle in various stages, that for the instruction of a Th cell to express interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 upon restimulation, entry of the cell into the S phase of the first cell cycle after initial activation is required. Separation of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals in time, demonstrates that this instruction is dependent on concomitant signaling from both receptors. In Th cells, inhibited to progress into the first S phase after activation, the IL-4R and TCR signals can be memorized for at least 1 d, priming the T cell to become instructed for expression of IL-4 upon restimulation, when entering the S phase after release of the cell cycle block. The requirement of the initial S phase of T cell activation, for instruction of Th cells to express IL-4 or IL-10 upon restimulation points to the decisive role of epigenetic modification of cytokine genes as a molecular correlate of the memory to express particular cytokines.
SqueezedText: A Real-Time Scene Text Recognition by Binary Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network (2018)

A new approach for real-time scene text recognition is proposed in this paper. A novel binary convolutional encoder-decoder network (B-CEDNet) together with a bidirectional recurrent neural network (Bi-RNN). The B-CEDNet is engaged as a visual front-end to provide elaborated character detection, and a back-end Bi-RNN performs character-level sequential correction and classification based on learned contextual knowledge. The front-end B-CEDNet can process multiple regions containing characters using a one-off forward operation, and is trained under binary constraints with significant compression. Hence it leads to both remarkable inference run-time speedup as well as memory usage reduction. With the elaborated character detection, the back-end Bi-RNN merely processes a low dimension feature sequence with category and spatial information of extracted characters for sequence correction and classification. By training with over 1,000,000 synthetic scene text images, the B-CEDNet achieves a recall rate of 0.86, precision of 0.88 and F-score of 0.87 on ICDAR-03 and ICDAR-13. With the correction and classification by Bi-RNN, the proposed real-time scene text recognition achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while only consumes less than 1-ms inference run-time. The flow processing flow is realized on GPU with a small network size of 1.01 MB for B-CEDNet and 3.23 MB for Bi-RNN, which is much faster and smaller than the existing solutions.
Alterations in Phospholipid Composition of Egg Yolks from Laying Hens Fed Choline and Methionine-Supplemented Diets (1988)

A trial was conducted to assess the effects of choline and methionine supplementation of the diets of hens on phospholipid composition of egg yolk. By chemical analysis, the basal diet contained 16.6% protein, 1,041 parts per million (ppm) of choline, and .53% TSAA. The energy level was 2,899 kcal ME/kg diet, with no added fat. A rapid isocratic HPLC procedure using a Waters mu Bond-NH2 column (Waters Associates, Milford, MA) was developed to quantify phospholipid components. Analysis of egg samples at peak production (36 wk of age) showed significant (P less than .05) elevations in total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and the ratio of PC to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), when choline was added at 500 or 1,000 ppm. Phosphatidylethanolamine, in contrast, showed a decline with choline supplementation. Methionine supplementation (125 to 250 ppm) also caused elevations in the total phospholipid composition of the egg yolk but had only modest effects on PC and PE. There was a significant (P less than .05) correlation between the yolk weight and total phospholipid concentration, PC, and the PC:PE ratio. There was a relationship between phospholipid content and weight of eggs when diets of laying hens were supplemented with choline.