gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of electron temperature on negative hydrogen ion production in a low-pressure Ar discharge plasma with methane (1993)

Production of negative hydrogen ions (H−) is continuously controlled in a low-pressure Ar discharge plasma with methane by using a pin-hollow cathode. The electron temperature is changed by varying the pin length. An enhanced production of negative hydrogen ions is observed with a decrease in the electron temperature.
The neutralizing antibody response against a conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 (amino acid residues 731-752) is uniquely directed against a conformational epitope. (1998)

Amino acids 731-752 (731PRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRDRS752) of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are conserved in most virus isolates and are controversially reported to be implicated in virus neutralization. The humoral response in infected patients against this region is poor and humans immunized with gp160 show high levels of antibodies against the peptide but poor neutralization titres. Nonetheless, several groups have succeeded in obtaining neutralizing antibodies against this sequence using different antigen-presenting systems. In order to identify the sequence(s) against which the neutralizing response was generated, we used the flock house virus (FHV) antigen-presenting system to analyse neutralizing antisera from mice immunized with a cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) chimera expressing the 731-752 sequence. Data show that the neutralizing response is uniquely directed against a conformational epitope mapping to the ERDRD portion of this sequence, although the major antibody response, which is non-linear, and is not neutralizing, is against an IEEE epitope. These results provide an explanation for the controversy regarding the immunogenicity of this region of gp41 and suggest that this conformational epitope, in the absence of the non-neutralizing epitope, should be considered for a subunit vaccine. In addition, this study highlights the usefulness of antigen-presenting systems that preserve epitope conformation in the investigation of immune responses.
X-ray sensitive charge-coupled device instrumentation for short and ultrashort pulse laser-produced plasma experiments (1995)

We describe the use of x-ray sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors for measuring the 1–15 Å emission from high temperature plasmas produced at the L-Division JANUS and USP (pulse length∼100 fs) laser facilities. Instruments based upon commercially available video format cameras have been designed to replace x-ray film, as the two-dimensional recording medium, for imaging and x-ray spectroscopic applications. Used in conjunction with a high sensitivity x-ray pinhole camera, magnification 5–20, the CCD detectors can give spatial resolution approaching 5 μm and energy band information by the use of edge filters. A compact wavelength dispersive spectrometer equipped with the CCD detector and a flat Bragg crystal analyzer can record survey spectra.
Heterogeneous activity of the human genioglossus muscle assessed by multiple bipolar fine-wire electrodes (2003)

Genioglossus (GG) electrical activity [measured by electromyogram (EMGgg)] is best measured by intramuscular electrodes; however, the homogeneity of EMGgg is undefined. We investigated the relationships between EMGgg and the site from which activity was measured to determine whether and to what extent inhomogeneity in activity occurred. Eight healthy human volunteers underwent ultrasound to determine GG depth and width. Four pairs of electrodes were then inserted percutaneously into the left and right GG muscle, anteriorly and posteriorly. Additional configurations were obtained by connecting electrodes across the midline and along each muscle belly. EMGgg activity was simultaneously recorded from these 10 configurations at rest and during various respiratory maneuvers. Heterogeneous behavior of the GG was evidenced by 1) the variable presence of phasic EMGgg at rest, which was undetectable in two subjects but evident in 65% of configurations in six subjects and present in all configurations in all subjects during voluntary hyperventilation; 2) a greater amplitude of EMGgg response to pharyngeal square-wave negative pressure in anterior than posterior configurations (14.1 +/- 7.1 vs. 8.5 +/- 5.1% of maximum, P < 0.05); and 3) variable (linear and alinear) relationships between EMGgg and lingual force within and between subjects. We hypothesize that regional differences in density and type of muscle fiber are the most likely sources of heterogeneity in these responses.
An INVITE-Initiated Dialog Event Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2005)

This document defines a dialog event package for the SIP Events
architecture, along with a data format used in notifications for this
package. The dialog package allows users to subscribe to another user
and to receive notification of the changes in state of INVITE-
initiated dialog usages in which the subscribed-to user is involved.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
Pattern of Valine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid of Bacillus subtilis under Different Growth Conditions (1968)

Abstract The relative amounts of two valyl-tRNA species from Bacillus subtilis W23 were compared by methylated albumin Kieselguhr column chromatography and by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography after T1 ribonuclease digestion. The ratio of the two valyl-tRNAs changes significantly during sporulation, during step-up and step-down growth transitions, during the stationary phase of an asporogenous mutant, and during sporulation of B. subtilis 168 Marburg. The change in ratio could not be induced in vitro by treating the tRNA preparations with several chemicals and was not the result of differential hydrolysis of the two valyl-tRNA species during the experimental procedures. The change in ratio was due to the increased valine-accepting ability of one of the two valine tRNAs. These results suggest that the valyl-tRNA ratio changes may be a function of the growth condition and that a regulatory mechanism exists which controls the amino acid accepting capacity of the two valine accepting tRNAs.
Phosphorus- and arsenic-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. 2. Synthesis of poly((1,1'-ferrocenediyl)phenylphosphine) oligomers and polymers (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus- and arsenic-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. 2. Synthesis of poly((1,1'-ferrocenediyl)phenylphosphine) oligomers and polymersHoward P. Withers Jr., Dietmar Seyferth, Jere D. Fellmann, Philip E. Garrou, and Steven MartinCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 10, 1283–1288Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00070a005https://doi.org/10.1021/om00070a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Behavioural estimation of blue whale movements in the Northeast Pacific from state-space model analysis of satellite tracks (2009)

Baleen whale migrations typically consist of annual movements between productive, high-latitude feeding grounds and unproductive, low-latitude breeding grounds. However, the actual migratory path and whales' behaviour in these locations are poorly known. The objectives of this study were to apply a switching state-space model to the satellite tracks of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Northeast Pacific to improve location estimation and gain insight into the migratory (transiting) and foraging (area-restricted search, ARS) behaviours of this population. During the period 1993 to 2007, Argos satellite tags were attached to 159 whales, mainly off the coast of California during late summer, of which 92 tracks were > 7 d in duration. There was generally a southward movement during the winter to Baja California and to an area west of the Costa Rica Dome, in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP). Travel speeds during transit were significantly faster than during ARS movements (mean = 3.70 and 1.05 km h -1 , respectively). On average, 29% of the track time was spent in ARS, and the mean time within an ARS patch was 21 d. The occurrence of ARS behaviour throughout the migration cycle suggests that these animals may forage year-round, but could also indicate limited movements during the reproductive season. The extent of their northward migration from Baja California to Washington varied significantly interannually, likely in response to environmental changes affecting their prey. The long track durations obtained from electronic tagging have provided essential new information about the critical habitats of Northeast Pacific blue whales.
ZFIQ: a software package for zebrafish biology (2007)

ZFIQ is available for download at http://www.cbi-platform.net.
Switched reluctance motor drive without direct rotor position sensing (2002)

A closed loop control technique based on monitoring phase current risetime for switched reluctance (SR) motors without direct rotor-position sensors has been studied and implemented successfully. In this technique the variation in incremental phase inductance in a SR motor is used to detect rotor position. A control circuit for current-waveform-based rotor position detection has been implemented using hard-wire digital circuits. Torque-speed and system-efficiency characteristics resulting from the application of the method to a 4 kW, four-phase SR motor with an IGBT drive are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions with supported reagents in supercritical carbon dioxideElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental procedures for the preparation of compounds 4a-c. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b1/b111430a/ (2002)

Commercially available polystyrene supported amine and phosphine resins facilitate palladium-mediated Heck and Suzuki reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2).
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) regulates mesenchymal stem cells through let-7f microRNA and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (2012)

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-independent regulator of growth and apoptosis in various cell types. The receptors and signaling pathways that are involved in the growth factor activities of TIMP-1, however, remain controversial. RNA interference of TIMP-1 has revealed that endogenous TIMP-1 suppresses the proliferation, metabolic activity, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The knockdown of TIMP-1 in hMSCs activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as indicated by the increased stability and nuclear localization of β-catenin in TIMP-1-deficient hMSCs. Moreover, TIMP-1 knockdown cells exhibited enhanced β-catenin transcriptional activity, determined by Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression analysis and a luciferase-based β-catenin-activated reporter assay. An analysis of a mutant form of TIMP-1 that cannot inhibit MMP indicated that the effect of TIMP-1 on β-catenin signaling is MMP independent. Furthermore, the binding of CD63 to TIMP-1 on the surface of hMSCs is essential for the TIMP-1-mediated effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An array analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transfection studies with specific miRNA inhibitors and mimics showed that let-7f miRNA is crucial for the regulation of β-catenin activity and osteogenic differentiation by TIMP-1. Let-7f was up-regulated in TIMP-1-depleted hMSCs and demonstrably reduced axin 2, an antagonist of β-catenin stability. Our results demonstrate that TIMP-1 is a direct regulator of hMSC functions and reveal a regulatory network in which let-7f modulates Wnt/β-catenin activity.
Tumor associated antigens or anti-TAA autoantibodies as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2015)

Serum TAAs or anti-TAA autoantibodies are promising diagnostic biomarkers in the detection of OC. A customized mini-array of multiple TAAs may enhance the detection of anti-TAA autoantibodies in OC. Additional studies with sufficient number of OC patients and carefully selected controls are needed to further verify the results.
Regional heterogeneity and complementation in the expression of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 epitopes in colorectal cancer. (1991)

We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of three epitopes of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) in whole cross-sections of primary colorectal carcinomas and in regional lymph node metastases using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) B72.3, CC-49, and CC-83, which recognize distinct carbohydrate antigenic determinants. B72.3, CC-49, and CC-83 reacted with 13 of 27 (48%), 25 of 27 (92%), and 21 of 27 (77%) carcinomas, respectively. The immunoreactivity with lymph node metastases followed a similar pattern; MAb CC-49 was again the most reactive of the three antibodies, since it labeled 13 of 15 metastatic lesions. Positive reactions of the MAbs with the primary tumors were not always predictive of the immunorecognition of their metastases. Distinct areas within whole cross-sections of TAG-72-positive primary carcinomas demonstrated marked differences in the expression of the three epitopes. CC-49 tended to react with the highest number of areas and with the highest percentages of carcinoma cells within each area. In no instances did B72.3 demonstrate reactivity superior to that of either CC-49 or CC-83. Tumors negative for the CC-49 epitope in any area also did not express the other two TAG-72 epitopes. However, the comparison of the immunostaining obtained with each MAb in TAG-72-positive primary lesions revealed areas where CC-83 was clearly more reactive than CC-49. Moreover, one lymph node metastasis, negative for CC-49, was recognized by CC-83. Thus, the combined use of MAbs CC-49 and CC-83 resulted in additive immunostaining of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells. The study provides evidence of intratumoral heterogeneity in the glycosylation pattern of the TAG-72 antigen in colorectal cancer and emphasizes the advantages of cocktails of anti-tumor-associated antigen MAbs in the immunodetection of colorectal tumor cells.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of drought-responsive microRNAs in Oryza sativa (2010)

In addition to regulating growth and development, the most important function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants is the regulation of a variety of cellular processes underlying plant adaptation to environmental stresses. To gain a deep understanding of the mechanism of drought tolerance in rice, genome-wide profiling and analysis of miRNAs was carried out in drought-challenged rice across a wide range of developmental stages, from tillering to inflorescence formation, using a microarray platform. Among the 30 miRNAs identified as significantly down- or up-regulated under the drought stress, 11 down-regulated miRNAs (miR170, miR172, miR397, miR408, miR529, miR896, miR1030, miR1035, miR1050, miR1088, and miR1126) and eight up-regulated miRNAs (miR395, miR474, miR845, miR851, miR854, miR901, miR903, and miR1125) were revealed for the first time to be induced by drought stress in plants, and nine (miR156, miR168, miR170, miR171, miR172, miR319, miR396, miR397, and miR408) showed opposite expression to that observed in drought-stressed Arabidopsis. The most conserved down-regulated miRNAs were ath-miR170, the miR171 family, and ath-miR396, and the most conserved up-regulated miRNAs were ptc-miR474 and ath-miR854a. The identification of differentially expressed novel plant miRNAs and their target genes, and the analysis of cis-elements provides molecular evidence for the possible involvement of miRNAs in the process of drought response and/or tolerance in rice.
pH sensitive polyelectrolyte complex micelles for highly effective combination chemotherapy (2014)

The co-encapsulation of two or more drugs in the same carrier affords synergistic therapeutic effects and enhanced therapeutic potency. For this, polyethylene oxide-b-polyacrylic acid di-block polymer based-smart pH-sensitive di-block polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles were designed to encapsulate mitoxantrone (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) with high payload capacity and precise drug ratio. Three molar ratios (MTX/DOX: 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2) of the drug-loaded PECs were prepared with high payload capacity and evaluated for various physicochemical characteristics. The dual drug combination exhibited a synergistic cytotoxic activity against both sensitive (MCF-7 and A-549) and resistant cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), unlike the individual drugs. Dual drug-loaded nanosystems (MTX/DOX-M) prolonged the blood circulation of drugs, and a synergic ratio was maintained throughout the study period. MTX/DOX-M exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy in xenograft models; by contrast, the free drug cocktail caused a significant loss of body weight in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PEC micelles have great potential as nano-scaled therapeutic delivery systems for combination chemotherapy.
Fully Unsupervised Learning of Gaussian Mixtures for Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery (2009)

This paper proposes a fully unsupervised anomaly detection strategy in hyperspectral imagery based on mixture learning. Anomaly detection is conducted by adopting a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to describe the statistics of the background in hyperspectral data. One of the key tasks in the application of mixture models is the specification in advance of the number of GMM components, the determination of which is essential and strongly affects detection performance. In this work, GMM parameters estimation was performed through a variation of the well-known expectation maximization (EM) algorithm that was developed within a Bayesian framework. Specifically, the adopted mixture learning technique incorporates a built-in mechanism for automatically assessing the number of components during the parameter estimation procedure. Then, generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is considered for detecting anomalies. Real hyperspectral imagery acquired by an airborne sensor is used for experimental evaluation of the proposed anomaly detection strategy.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF A LOCALISED SUPPLY OF PHOSPHATE, NITRATE, AMMONIUM AND POTASSIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SEMINAL ROOT SYSTEM, AND THE SHOOT, IN BARLEY (1975)

SUMMARY Barley plants were grown for 21 days in sand culture, continuously irrigated with nutrient solution. The rooting depth was divided into three compartments, one above another, such that different zones of the root system could be supplied with very low or high concentrations of a single inorganic nutrient, all other nutrients being maintained at a high concentration. Exposure of parts of the main seminal roots (axes) to high concentrations of phosphate caused a localized promotion of the initiation and subsequent extension of both first and second order laterals, compared with zones receiving very low concentrations of phosphate. This resulted in considerable modification to root form, but with only a small depression in shoot growth, compared with control plants receiving an ample supply to all parts of the root system. The extension of seminal axes was little affected by the concentration of phosphate to which they were exposed. Similar responses to those described for phosphate occurred with variation in concentration of nitrate or ammonium, but with potassium a localized supply promoted the growth of laterals to approximately the same extent as controls throughout the entire root system. The experiments show that adequate external concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are required by any part of the root system for optimal growth of laterals, but not axes. Possible mechanisms which compensate shoot growth when nutrients are supplied to only part of the root system, and agronomic implications, are discussed.
Isolation of Mycoplasma pulmonis membranes and identification of surface antigens (1987)

Labeling of Mycoplasma pulmonis cells by iodination with the Bolton-Hunter reagent was shown to efficiently label membrane-associated proteins without significant loss of viability. Labeled proteins proven to be surface exposed by differential proteolytic digestion were analyzed by autoradiography of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and seven labeled major polypeptides were identified. To identify all the membrane-associated antigens, pure membranes were isolated by using the surface-labeled proteins as markers. Analysis of the isolated membranes by autoradiography of both sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and the two-dimensional PAGE indicated that the labeled surface proteins were retained in the pure membranes; by immunoblotting with sera from naturally infected animals, these surface proteins were shown to be the predominant antigens recognized by the host during natural infection.
A generic account of continuation-passing styles (1994)

We unify previous work on the continuation-passing style (CPS) transformations in a generic framework based on Moggi's computational met a-language. This framework is used to obtain GPS transformations for a variety of evaluation strategies and to characterize the corresponding administrative reductions and inverse transformations. We establish generic formal connections between operational semantics and equational theories. Formal properties of transformations for specific evaluation orders follow as corollaries. Essentially, we factor transformations through Moggi's computational meta-language. Mapping A-terms into the met a-language captures computational properties (e.g., partiality, strictness) and evaluation order explicitly in both the term and the type structure of the meta-language. The CPS transformation is then obtained by applying a generic transformation from terms and types in the meta-language to CPS terms and types, based on a typed term representation of the continuation monad. We prove an adequacy property for the generic transformation and establish an equational correspondence between the meta-language and CPS terms. These generic results generalize Plotkin's seminal theorems, subsume more recent results, and enable new uses of CPS transformations and their inverses. We discuss how to apply these results to compilation.