gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience with CO2-Laden Fracturing Fluid for Stimulating Water-Sensitive Formations (1987)

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, liquid CO2 has been conmonly used in well stimulation, work over operations and enhanced oil recovery. There are several advantages for using CO2 in the recovery of hydrocarbons including: (i) minimizing damage of highly water sensitive, clay bearing formations, (ii) helping to clean up the well without swabbing, and thus, resulting in better recovery of fracturing fluids along with fines and silts lost during drilling and, (iii) providing a long sustained solution-gas drive due to high solubility of CO2 with reservoir fluids. This paper will describe the properties of a unique cross-linked fracturing fluid containing up to 50% vol CO2 at surface conditions, up to 38% vol methanol – another component which minimizes damage to. water sensitive formations, and 12% vol water. The laboratory studies include rheological measurements of the CO2 laden fluids in a high pressure/high temperature rheometer and the measurement of fluid-loss coefficients. Data are also presented correlating the rheological behavior of the fluid to the CO2 concentration, the temperature of fluid, and to various mixing techniques of the fluid prior to measuring the rheological properties. The other part of this paper will be devoted to actual case histories using the CO2 laden fracturing fluid. Several treatments were performed on both shallow gas wells in Canada and in deeper, hotter gas wells in south Texas. Production results indicate that the treatments have been successful. The fluid is designed to treat either low pressure formations or water sensitive formations with temperatures up to 280°F (138°C) and based on the case histories, it is concluded that this CO2 laden cross-linked fluid can be successfully pumped with up to 50% vol CO2 and contain a maximum sand concentration of 7.5 lb/gal (900 kg/m3).
Space-time transmitter diversity schemes for wideband CDMA (2002)

Previous work on transmitter antenna diversity has shown that the use of multiple transmitter antennas at the base station results in improved performance due to increase of diversity (path diversity). This happens with no bandwidth cost, the signal quality along several paths is very poor, but the receiver estimates the channel with accuracy. This paper evaluates the effects of channel estimation errors in the performance of space-time transmitter diversity (STTD) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Comparison is made with the selective transmitter diversity (STD) scheme for different fading channel models.
A forward error recovery technique for MPEG-II video transport (1999)

Article Free AccessA forward error recovery technique for MPEG-II video transport Share on Authors: R. Radhakrishna Pillai Kent Ridge Digital Labs, 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613 Kent Ridge Digital Labs, 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613View Profile , B. Prabhakaran School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260View Profile , Qui Qiang School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260View Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '99: Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 2)October 1999 Pages 59–61https://doi.org/10.1145/319878.319897Online:01 October 1999Publication History 3citation288DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads288Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
C 900 - An Advanced Mobile Radio Telephone System with Optimum Frequency Utilization (1984)

The paper presents a survey of a new approach to advanced system solutions for mobile radio telephone systems. It is shown that, by the combination of both radio techniques and microprocessor data capabilities, improved means are available for controlling the specific multiple propagation and interference influences within the mobile radio environment. The aim of the system structure is to achieve the best possible frequency channel utilization, system availability, and cost benefits for deployment and users if traffic demand grows. The paper shows the different types of switching functions in public land mobile networks. Problems, as caused purely by radio conditions, are controlled within a defined radio exchange function, allowing the optimization of individual cell parameters. It is shown that distance measurement is the most reliable means of detecting cell boundaries. New approaches for system control channels lead to synchronous operation of base stations. The system operates with off-air call setup and queueing to improve channel utilization. Full national and international roaming capabilities are provided. During all calls, continuous digital link control is maintained to allow the radio exchange function in call condition. This new approach leads to different types of handoff to suit specific situations. Speech scrambling provides subscriber privacy.
<i>Institutional reports</i>: Clinical evaluation of hyperthermia equipment: The University of Arizona Institutional Report for the NCI Hyperthermia Equipment Evaluation Contract (1988)

Two-hundred and fifteen independent sites in 203 patients were treated with hyperthermia at the University of Arizona from 10/81 through 3/86 under the auspices of this contract. In the head and neck, a site dominated by superficial tumors, air-coupled and water-coupled microwave applicators yielded the best results. Similarly in the thorax, also dominated by superficial tumors, water-coupled microwave applicators were best. In the abdomen and pelvis, sites dominated by deep tumors, only interstitial radiofrequency (RF) heating, an invasive technique useful only in selected cases, was capable of consistently producing therapeutic temperatures. Toxicity appeared to be site-related, and treatment discomfort was especially common in abdominal and pelvic sites. In conclusion, while superficial sites were readily heated using propagative electromagnetic devices, these devices were ineffective and poorly tolerated at deeper sites. Effective deep hyperthermia was best produced with interstitial techniques, and further development of these techniques using RF electrodes, implantable microwave antennas and thermoregulating ferromagnetic seeds, as well as scanned, focussed-ultrasound techniques, holds promise for effective heating of deep visceral sites.
Improving IPTV services by H.264/SVC adaptation and traffic control (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach that combines both in-network, application-layer adaptation and network-layer traffic control of scalable video streams based on the H.264/SVC standard. In the IPTV/VoD scenario considered, an intercepting RTSP/RTP proxy performs admission control of the requested video, based on the signaled scalability information, and decides whether the content can be streamed without changes or in an adapted version. The proxy configures the network layer appropriately in order to separate the video stream from best-effort traffic on the same link. Rather than performing fixed bandwidth allocation, our proxy approach uses the hierarchical token bucket (HTB) queuing discipline to allow for borrowing bandwidth between traffic classes. In that setting, two different allocation policies are introduced. The hard reservation policy (HRP) performs admission control and adaptation on the video streams and does not modify video bandwidth allocation after admission. In contrast, the flexible borrowing policy (FBP) restricts the admission control to the base layer of the SVC stream. The packets carrying MGS enhancement layer data are marked with priorities by the proxy and are handled at the network layer by a priority-based queuing mechanism. Both a qualitative comparison and an experimental evaluation of the two policies are given.
Execution of Macrophage Apoptosis by PE_PGRS33 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2-dependent Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (2006)

Combating tuberculosis requires a detailed understanding of how mycobacterial effectors modulate the host immune response. The role of the multigene PE family of proteins unique to mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis is still poorly understood, although certain PE_PGRS genes have been linked to virulence. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is essential for successfully combating tuberculosis. In this study we provide evidence that PE_PGRS33, a surface exposed protein, elicits TNF-alpha release from macrophages in a TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2)-dependent manner. ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) is activated downstream of TLR2. ASK1 activates the MAPKs p38 and JNK. PE_PGRS33-induced signaling leads to enhanced expression of TNF-alpha and TNF receptor I (TNFRI) genes. Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing PE_ PGRS33 elicits the same effects as purified PE_PGRS33. TNF-alpha release occurs even when internalization of the bacteria is blocked by cytochalasin D, suggesting that interaction of PE_ PGRS33 with TLR2 is sufficient to trigger the effects described. Release of TNF-alpha plays the determining role in triggering apoptosis in macrophages challenged with PE_PGRS33. The death receptor-dependent signals are amplified through classical caspase 8-dependent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, leading to the activation of caspases 9 and 3. An important aspect of our findings is that deletions within the PGRS domain (simulating those occurring in clinical strains) attenuate the TNF-alpha-inducing ability of PE_PGRS33. These results provide the first evidence that variations in the polymorphic repeats of the PGRS domain modulate the innate immune response.
A family of non-binary TLDPC codes: density evolution, convergence and thresholds (2007)

We generalize the results about how to compute iterative decoding thresholds over the binary erasure channel of non-binary LDPC code ensembles of [16] to non-binary TLDPC codes [2], [3]. We show in this case how density evolution can be performed in order to calculate iterative decoding thresholds and find several families with a very simple regular structure and thresholds close to the Shannon limit. To check the performances of these codes over other channels we have tested one of the simplest codes over F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> which has rate 1/2 on the Gaussian channel. For the (binary) length 1008 for instance, without any optimization on the permutation structure of the code, it matches the performances of the best binary codes of the same length up to the word-error rate 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . We also notice that all LDPC codes (binary or not) having at least two symbols of degree 2 per parity-check equation can be represented as a special kind of TLDPC codes. We show that this representation and the associated decoding algorithm leads in the case of cycle codes to a significant reduction of the number of iterations which are needed for iterative decoding.
Compressed sensing real-time cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance: accurate assessment of left ventricular function in a single-breath-hold (2016)

Single-breath-hold full cardiac cycle CS real-time cine CMR could evaluate LV volume with excellent accuracy. It may replace multi-breath-hold standard cine CMR.
Biliary glycoprotein (CD66a), a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, on human lymphocytes: structure, expression and involvement in T cell activation (1998)

The biliary glycoproteins (BGP or CD66a), a group of different splice variants of a single gene, are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family and the immunoglobulin superfamily. Recently, we detected CD66a on IL-2 activated lymphocytes. In this study we characterized the structure and the expression pattern of BGP on human lymphocytes and investigated its role in T cell activation. Lymphocytes express 2 of the 13 known splice variants, i.e. BGPa and BGPb, which are glycosylated in a lymphocyte-specific manner. Both BGPa and BGPb have the long cytoplasmic tail, which contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like motifs, but differ in their extracellular region containing 4 and 3 immunoglobulin-like domains, respectively. On PBL BGP is expressed in small amounts only on B cells and Th cells. Stimulation with IL-2 leads to a strong up-regulation of BGP by these cells, and induces de novo BGP expression on gammabeta T cells, CD8+ and CD56+ cells, but not on CD16+ lymphocytes. This up-regulation of BGP seems to be part of the physiological process of T cell activation, since stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb is sufficient to induce BGP up-regulation. Based on the presence of the two ITIM-like motifs, one may expect that BGP inhibits T cell activation, but surprisingly, engagement of BGP enhances the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated T cells.
Genetic variation in <i><scp>DNMT3B</scp></i> and increased global <scp>DNA</scp> methylation is associated with suicide attempts in psychiatric patients (2012)

Recently, a significant epigenetic component in the pathology of suicide has been realized. Here we investigate candidate functional SNPs in epigenetic-regulatory genes, DNMT1 and DNMT3B, for association with suicide attempt (SA) among patients with co-existing psychiatric illness. In addition, global DNA methylation levels [5-methyl cytosine (5-mC%)] between SA and psychiatric controls were quantified using the Methylflash Methylated DNA Quantification Kit. DNA was obtained from blood of 79 suicide attempters and 80 non-attempters, assessed for DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Functional SNPs were selected for each gene (DNMT1; n = 7, DNMT3B; n = 10), and genotyped. A SNP (rs2424932) residing in the 3' UTR of the DNMT3B gene was associated with SA compared with a non-attempter control group (P = 0.001; Chi-squared test, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.02). Moreover, haplotype analysis identified a DNMT3B haplotype which differed between cases and controls, however this association did not hold after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.01, Bonferroni adjusted P value = 0.56). Global methylation analysis showed that psychiatric patients with a history of SA had significantly higher levels of global DNA methylation compared with controls (P = 0.018, Student's t-test). In conclusion, this is the first report investigating polymorphisms in DNMT genes and global DNA methylation quantification in SA risk. Preliminary findings suggest that allelic variability in DNMT3B may be relevant to the underlying diathesis for suicidal acts and our findings support the hypothesis that aberrant DNA methylation profiles may contribute to the biology of suicidal acts. Thus, analysis of global DNA hypermethylation in blood may represent a biomarker for increased SA risk in psychiatric patients.
Soluble and Colloidal Iron in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific (2001)

In the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific, ultrafiltration studies show that concentrations of soluble iron and soluble iron-binding organic ligands are much lower than previously presumed "dissolved" concentrations, which were operationally defined as that passing through a 0.4-micrometer pore filter. Our studies indicate that substantial portions of the previously presumed "dissolved" iron (and probably also iron-binding ligands) are present in colloidal size range. The soluble iron and iron-binding organic ligands are depleted at the surface and enriched at depth, similar to distributions of major nutrients. By contrast, colloidal iron shows a maximum at the surface and a minimum in the upper nutricline. Our results suggest that "dissolved" iron may be less bioavailable to phytoplankton than previously thought and that iron removal through colloid aggregation and settling should be considered in models of the oceanic iron cycle.
The Study on the Effect of Facebook's Social Network Features toward Intention to Buy on F-commerce in Thailand (2012)

This research is the study about Thai consumers' intention to buy toward Facebook commerce. The goal of this study is to determine the relations among beliefs in the number of selected Facebook's features, attitude toward Facebook commerce, perception on ease of use in Facebook fan page, and consumers' intention to buy on F-Commerce. Consequently, the survey questionnaires were evaluated by the university graduated respondents. Every respondent is the Facebook user and is friend with at least one researcher on Facebook. Additionally, before filling the survey, they were asked to read the same given scenario and to observe different series of mock-up pictures according to their random group. After that, the collected data will be processed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis respectively. The results show that belief in people who like a Facebook fan page, belief in people who like a photo of an item, and belief in friends who like a Facebook page have respectively significant impact on consumers' attitude. Furthermore, attitude and perceived ease of use also have a significant effect on consumers' purchasing intention on Facebook commerce. Moreover, from the additional compare means, we also founded that the different close relationships of Facebook friends provides the different belief in friends who like a Facebook fan page.
Intracellular Delivery of Universal Proteins Using a Lysine Headgroup Containing Cationic Liposomes: Deciphering the Uptake Mechanism (2013)

An amino acid-based cationic lipid having a TFA counterion (trifluoroacetic acid counterion) in the lysine headgroup was used to deliver functional proteins into human cervical cancer cells, HeLa, in the presence of serum. Proteins used in the study were fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled bovine serum albumin, mouse anti-F actin antibody [NH3], and goat anti mouse IgG conjugated with FITC. The formation of liposome/protein complexes was confirmed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the complexes were characterized in terms of their size and zeta potential at different pH values and found to be responsive to changes in pH. The highest delivery efficiency of the liposome/albumin complexes was 99% at 37 °C. The liposomes effectively delivered albumin and antibodies as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Inhibition studies showed that the cellular uptake mechanism of the complexes was via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and the proteins were subsequently released from either the early endosomes or the caveosomes as suggested by CLSM. Thus, lysine-based cationic liposomes can be a useful tool for intracellular protein delivery.
Physiological and Biophysical Properties of a Semipermeable Attached Hood to a Chemical Protective Garment (1992)

An evaluation was done on a prototype 70-mil permeable hood integrated to a standard 90-mil chemical protective overgarment to verify its potential in reducing heat strain during continuous exercise. Each of 14 subjects (in two groups of seven) did treadmill exercise (heat production, M = 473 W) in six environments: at ambient air temperature (Ta) = 32°C/80 %rh/ V=l m·s-1 and 5m·s-1; T2 = 35°C / 50 %rh / V=1 m·s-1 and 5 m·s-1; and Ta = 43°C / 20 %rh / V=1 m·s-1 and 5 m·s-1. Rectal (Tre), heart rate, 3-site skin temperatures, and head temperature and dewpoint in the skin-air space underneath each hood were recorded continuously. Subjects exercised until Tre reached 39°C and/or heart rates were = 180 beats/min for 5 min. These end-points signified the endurance time limit for each subject. The 70-mil semipermeable hood integrated to a BDO gave no significant advantages compared to the standard BDO + butyl hood in reduction of heat strain, improvement in vapor permeation to a given thermal insulation, and overall extension of endurance times. Present use of a butyl hood with an appropriate respiratory mask is a preferable option because of the reduced thickness of the hood which offers augmented heat transfer at high wind speeds.
Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastics in Electronic Waste Using Solvent-Based Processing (2021)

Currently, less than 20% of electronic waste (E-waste) produced in the U.S. is recycled. To improve the recycling rate of E-waste, the study aimed to: (1) identify the major plastics found within electronic shredder residue (ESR), (2) design solvents and processing conditions capable of separating out 90% of the plastic in ESR, and (3) estimate the energy efficiency of the solvent-based process developed. Preliminary screening showed 25 wt.% of the ESR was composed of plastics, with two polymers dominating the sorted plastic fraction—polystyrene (PS, 40 wt.%) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, 25 wt.%). Subsequently, solvents and anti-solvents were screened using Hansen Solubility Parameter Theory for PS, ABS, and ESR dissolution. The pre-screening results showed dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the most effective solvents for PS and ABS, with methanol (MeOH) and ethylene glycol (EG) as the most effective anti-solvents. By optimizing the dissolution time and the solvents used, the highest polymer dissolution yield (99 wt.%) was achieved using DCM for 48 h. Both MeOH and EG precipitated 71 wt.% of the polymer fraction of ESR. EG removed more phosphorus containing flame retardants (94 wt.%) than MeOH (69 wt.%). Energy analysis indicated that the solvent-based processes could save 25–60% of the embodied energy for PS and ABS. Characterization showed that the solvent-based processing could preserve the high molecular weight fraction of the polymers while removing flame retardants at the same time. The results from this study prove the potential of solvent-based processing to produce secondary plastic materials from E-waste for cross-industry reuse.
Blind quality assessment for JPEG2000 compressed images (2003)

Measurement of image quality is crucial for many image-processing algorithms, such as acquisition, compression, restoration, enhancement and reproduction. Traditionally, image quality assessment algorithms have focused on measuring image fidelity, where quality is measured as fidelity with respect to a 'reference' or 'perfect' image. The field of blind quality assessment has been largely unexplored. In this paper we present an algorithm for blindly determining the quality of JPEG2000 compressed images. Our algorithm assigns quality scores that are in good agreement with human evaluations. Our algorithm utilizes a statistical model for wavelet coefficients and computes features that exploit the fact that quantization produces more zero coefficients than expected for natural images. The algorithm is trained and tested on data obtained from human observers, and performs close to the limit on useful prediction imposed by the variability between human subjects.