gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update for combustion properties of wood components (2002)

Abstract The combustion properties of various biomass and wood materials from various references and from our laboratory were reanalysed. The net heat of combustion for cellulosic materials was found to be 13.23 kJ/g times the ratio of stoichiometric oxygen mass to fuel mass, r o , regardless of the material composition. Bomb calorimeter data for original, charred and volatilized material components provide gross heating values, while elemental analysis of the materials for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and ash provide direct evaluation for r o . We corrected these data as provided in various references by converting gross heating values to lower heating values and converting elemental compositions, char fractions and r o to a moisture‐free and ash‐free basis. Some existing formulae were found to disagree with data from vegetation, charred wood with high ash content, and with volatiles from cellulose treated with the fire retardant NaOH. We also established various functional correlations of r o with elemental compositions, or volatization fractions of untreated and treated materials, or material fractions for cellulose, lignin and extractives, or volatile fractions for tar, combustible gases and inert gases in pure nitrogen carrier gas. An interesting predictive result provides nearly constant heat of combustion while the volatile tar fraction is decreasing and combustible and inert gas fractions are increasing with time during the charring of Douglas‐fir wood. Published in 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High critical current silver - Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8−x superconducting multilayer ribbons produced by rolling (1992)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. A. Whitlow, J. C. Bowker, W. R. Lovic, F. A. List, D. M. Kroeger; High critical current silver ‐ Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8−x superconducting multilayer ribbons produced by rolling. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 February 1992; 273 (1): 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.43603 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Amoebic liver abscess: a diagnostic dilemma in the elderly (2003)

A 63-year old man presented with a 2-year history of progressive abdominal swelling with non-specific symptoms and signs. He visited several hospitals, where no diagnosis could be made for about 2 years and all therapeutic options given were ineffective. The appearance of an elevated right hemi diaphragm on chest X-ray, a single well defined area of Sonolucency with a thin edged border on ultrasound and a positive amoebic precipitin led to a diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. Radiological intervention through ultrasound guided aspiration combined with medical therapy using metronidazole, led to rapid recovery and near complete resolution. This case typifies a not very uncommon but atypical presentation of amoebic liver abscess seen in practice characterized by intra abdominal space occupying lesion with non-specific symptoms and signs. Effective use of imaging techniques should help in the diagnosis. Ultrasound guided aspiration combined with medical therapy is effective treatment. Keywords: Amoebic liver abscess, atypical presentation, imaging Annals of African Medicine Vol.2(1) 2003: 33-35
Proteasome Function in Antigen Presentation: Immunoproteasome Complexes, Peptide Production, and Interactions with Viral Proteins (2004)

Proteasomes are the major nonlysosomal protein degradation machinery in eukaryotic cells and they are largely responsible for the processing of antigens for presentation by the MHC class I pathway. This review concentrates on recent developments in the area of antigen processing. Specialized proteasomes called immunoproteasomes and an 11S regulator of proteasomes (PA28) are induced by interferon-gamma, but it is not entirely clear why changes in proteasome structure are beneficial for antigen presentation. Different proteasome complexes have distinct subcellular distributions and subtle differences in cleavage specificity. Thus it is likely that the efficiency of production of MHC class I binding peptides varies in different locations. Immunoproteasome subunits are enriched at the ER where TAP transports peptides for association with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules. There is recent evidence to suggest that antigen presentation from viral expression vectors, or from peptides that are either delivered by bacterial toxins or derived from signal peptides, require proteasome activity for generation of the correct C-terminus of the epitope. The correct N-terminus may be generated by recently identified ER associated aminopeptidases. A number of viral protein interactions with proteasome subunits have been reported and such interactions may interfere with host anti-viral defenses and also contribute to mechanisms of cell transformation.
New Scaling Algorithms For The Chinese Remainder Theorem (2005)

Two scaled-CRT algorithms have been proposed in this paper that are based on the D/A CRT described by Soderstrand[6]. The first algorithm, the L-CRT, is a generalization of the D/A CRT except that it returns an integer. The second - and the most efficient - algorithm, the 2/sup 2n-1/-CRT, is an approximation of the 3-moduli, {2/sup n/ - 1, 2/sup n/, 2/sup n/ + 1), RNS - Two Theorems, quantifying the error bounds, are presented and then verified through extensive experimental analysis. The most important consequence of the proposed scaled CRT algorithms is the reduction in hardware complexity due to the embedded scaling.
A Compact Nonlinear Equivalent Circuit Model and Parameter Extraction Method for Packaged High-Speed VCSELs (2004)

A compact nonlinear circuit model for the input of packaged high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented in this paper. The model includes the thermal effects as well as the parasitics, due to the various levels of the packaging hierarchy, to ensure a realistic representation of the input of the VCSELs. The values of the model parameters are extracted from dc current-light-voltage characteristics and S/sub 11/ vector measurements using a two-step parameter extraction procedure. Extraction of the model parameters and comparison between measured and simulated results have been performed for two different commercially available VCSELs operating at 2.5 Gb/s. The achieved agreement between the measured and simulated results is very satisfactory for the dc as well for the S/sub 11/ curves in the frequency range from 3 MHz to 3 GHz.
Molecular epidemiology and pathogenic potential of underdiagnosed human papillomavirus types (2008)

Given the high prevalence of some underdiagnosed HPV types in the population (principally HPV53, HPV66, HPV84, and HPV87) and their frequent association with cytological abnormalities, techniques capable of detecting and typing them would prove extremely useful.
Abstract 19711: Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Therapy Prevents Connexin43 Remodeling and Sudden Death Caused by Renin-Angiotensin System Activation (2012)

Introduction: Previously, we showed a mouse model (ACE8/8) of cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation has a high rate of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) secondary to a reduction in connexin43 (Cx43) level. Angiotensin-II activation increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and these mice show cardiac oxidation. We sought to determine the source of ROS and if ROS played a role in the arrhythmogenesis. Methods and Results: Wild-type and ACE8/8 mice with and without two weeks of treatment with L-NIO (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), sepiapterin (precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin), MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant), TEMPOL (a general antioxidant), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), and ACE8/8 crossed with P67 dominant negative mice to inhibit the NADPH oxidase were studied. Western blotting, detection of mitochondrial ROS by MitoSOX Red, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent dye diffusion technique for functional assessment of Cx43, and in-vivo electrophysiology study were performed. Treatment with MitoTEMPO reduced SCD in ACE8/8 mice (from 74% to 18%, P=0.0005), decreased VT inducibility (from 90% to 17%, P<0.05), diminished elevated mitochondrial ROS to the control level, prevented structural damage to mitochondria, resulted in 2.6 fold increase in Cx43 level at the gap junctions, and corrected gap junction conduction. None of the other antioxidant therapies prevented VT and SCD in ACE8/8 mice. Conclusion: Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a central role in angiotensin II-induced gap junction remodeling and arrhythmia. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be effective antiarrhythmic drugs in cases of RAS activation.
Selective reduction of carbon dioxide to bis(silyl)acetal catalyzed by a PBP-supported nickel complex (2015)

The selective reduction of CO2 to the formaldehyde level remains an important challenge and to date only a few catalysts have been developed for this reaction. Herein, we report an efficient catalyst that consists of a bis(phosphino)boryl nickel hydride complex in combination with B(C6F5)3, for the highly selective hydrosilation of CO2 to bis(silyl)acetal derivatives.
Comparison of antigen-type immunosorbents prepared by different ways. (1975)

7 types of IgG-containing immunosorbents were compared from different respects by using them for adsorption of antibodies. The human IgG was insolubilized by ethylchlorophormate and glutaraldehyde, thereafter it was bound to activated agarose and polyacrylamide gels and 3 new types of polyacrylamide immunosorbent were prepared by polymerizing the acrylamide in the protein solution and by coupling the protein to the matrix by different ways. Using batch technique, the ethylchlorophormate, the glutaraldehyde and some of the new polyacrylamide immunosorbents proved to be useful, but in almost every respect the immunosorbent prepared from Sepharose gel was the best.
Rapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Fluoride with Zirconium-Eriochrome Cyanine R Lake (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Spectrophotometric Determination of Fluoride with Zirconium-Eriochrome Cyanine R LakeStephen. MegregianCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 7, 1161–1166Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60091a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60091a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microwave Effect in the Simultaneous Removal of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> under Electron Beam Irradiation and Kinetic Investigation of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Removal Rate (2010)

NOx and SO2 were removed from an air mixture in a flow process combining electron beam (EB) irradiation with microwave (MW) irradiation in order to improve the NOx removal efficiency. The addition of the MW irradiation considerably decreased the required EB doses compared to a single EB irradiation: for 80% removal efficiency the removal rate was increased by 21.1% to above 117.4% at initial NOx concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 ppm. The increased NOx removal efficiency due to the MW irradiation addition was attributed to an intrinsic kinetic rather than a thermal effect. The removal process of SO2 and NOx with a stoichiometric ratio (M) addition of NH3 showed high removal efficiencies, as they were converted into main final products of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. The rate form of NOx removal (−rNOx = k[NOx][NH3][R•]) in the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx could be converted to a second-order rate according to the EB dose, instead of the irradiation time, and linear testing of this rate form with experimental data showed a good correlation, depending on the M value. The amount of NOx removed in the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx exhibited the following linear correlation: ΔC = k[NOx]o + ko with k = aDm + b and ko/Dn = aD + b.
In Situ Elucidation of the Active State of Co–CeO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Catalysts in the Dry Reforming of Methane: The Important Role of the Reducible Oxide Support and Interactions with Cobalt (2018)

The activation of methane and its dry reforming with CO2 was systematically studied over a series (2–30 wt %) of Co (∼5 nm in size) loaded CeO2 catalysts, with an effort to elucidate the interplay between Co and CeO2 during the catalytic process using in situ methods. The results of in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) show a strong interaction of methane with the CoOx–CeO2 systems at temperatures between 200 and 350 °C. The hydrogen produced by the dissociation of C–H bonds in methane leads to a full reduction of Co oxide, Co3O4 → CoO → Co, and a partial reduction of ceria with the formation of some Ce3+. Upon the addition of CO2, a catalytic cycle for dry reforming of methane (DRM) was achieved on the CoOx–CeO2 powder catalysts at temperatures below 500 °C. A 10 wt % Co–CeO2 catalyst was found to possess the best catalytic activity among various cobalt loading catalysts, and it exhibits a desirable stability for the DRM with a minimal effect of carbon accumulation. The phase transitions and the nature of active components in the catalyst were investigated under reaction conditions by in situ time-resolved XRD and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS). These studies showed dynamic evolutions in the chemical composition of the catalysts under reaction conditions. CO2 attenuated the reducing effects of methane. Under optimum CO- and H2-producing conditions, both XRD and AP-XPS indicated that the active phase involved a majority of metallic Co with a small amount of CoO, both supported on a partially reduced ceria (Ce3+/Ce4+). We identified the importance of dispersing Co, anchoring it onto the ceria surface sites, and then utilizing the redox properties of CeO2 for activating and then oxidatively converting methane while inhibiting coke formation. Furthermore, a synergistic effect between cobalt and ceria and likely the interfacial sitee are essential to successfully close the catalytic cycle.
Gas Chromatography-Microchip Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2006)

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) microchip is presented for combining a gas chromatograph (GC) to a mass spectrometer (MS). The chip includes capillary insertion channel, stopper, vaporizer channel, nozzle and nebulizer gas inlet fabricated on the silicon wafer, and a platinum heater sputtered on a glass wafer. These two wafers are joined by anodic bonding creating a two-dimensional version of an APCI microchip. The sample from GC is directed via heated transfer line capillary to the vaporizer channel of the APCI chip. The etched nozzle forms narrow sample plume, which is ionized by an external corona discharge needle, and the ions are analyzed by a mass spectrometer. The GC-microchip APCI-MS combination provides an efficient method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The spectra produced by microchip APCI show intensive protonated molecule and some fragmentation products as in classical chemical ionization for structure elucidation. In quantitative analysis the GC-microchip APCI-MS showed good linearity (r(2) = 0.9989) and repeatability (relative standard deviation 4.4%). The limits of detection with signal-to-noise ratio of three were between 0.5 and 2 micromol/L with MS mode using selected ion monitoring and 0.05 micromol/L with MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring.
High Vacuum Distillation (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Vacuum DistillationK. C. D. HickmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 1, 16–18Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50457a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50457a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen, 2. Production (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Production from Coal and Hydrocarbons 1.1. Coke Oven Gas 1.2. Gasification of Coal and Hydrocarbons 1.2.1. Coal Gasification 1.2.2. Gasification of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbons 1.2.3. Examples of Industrial Scale Hydrogen Production (by Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons) 1.3. Catalytic Reforming of Hydrocarbons 1.3.1. Feedstocks 1.3.2. Tubular Reformer 1.3.3. Steam Reforming Plant 1.3.4. Special Designs 1.3.5. Autothermal Reactors 1.4. Refinery Processes 1.5. Petrochemical Processes 2. Electrolysis 2.1. Principles 2.2. Conventional Water Electrolysis 2.3. New Developments in Electrolytic Processes 2.4. Hydrogen as Byproduct from other Electrochemical Processes 3. Thermochemical Water Cleavage 3.1. Thermodynamics of Closed Cycles 3.2. Further Criteria of Thermochemical Cycles 3.3. Thermochemical Cyclic Processes 3.4. Hybrid Cycle Processes 4. Other Methods for the Cleavage of Water 4.1. Thermolytic and Radiolytic Processes 4.2. Photochemical or Photoelectrical Water Cleavage 4.3. Hydrogen Formation in Biological Systems 5. Other Chemical Processes 5.1. Hydrogen from Conversion of Metals 5.2. Hydrogen from Ammonia 5.3. Hydrogen from Methanol 5.4. Hydrogen from Hydrogen Sulfide 5.5. Hydrogen as Byproduct 6. Economic Aspects 6.1. Analysis of the Cost Structure 6.2. Prognosis of the Hydrogen Costs
Recombinant viruses expressing a human malaria antigen can elicit potentially protective immune CD8<sup>+</sup>responses in mice (1998)

Extensive studies on protective immunity to rodent malaria provided the basis for the current experiments in which mice were immunized with recombinant (re) influenza and vaccinia viruses expressing selected sequences of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mice of different H-2 haplotypes immunized with re influenza viruses expressing the immunodominant B cell epitope of this CS protein produced high titers of antibodies to the parasite. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope of the CS protein of P. falciparum, PF3, recognized by CD8+ T cells of H-2(k) mice, was expressed in a re vaccinia virus (VacPf) and a re influenza virus (FluPf). Immunization of mice with either FluPf or VacPf elicited a modest CS-specific CD8+ T cell response detected by interferon gamma secretion of individual immune cells. Priming of mice with FluPf, followed by a booster with VacPf, resulted in a striking enhancement of this T cell response. The reverse protocol, i.e., priming with VacPf followed by a booster with FluPf, failed to enhance the primary response. VacPf also greatly enhanced the primary response of mice injected with P. falciparum sporozoites or with a lipopeptide containing PF3. A booster with FluPf also amplified the response of lipopeptide- or sporozoite-primed mice but less than a VacPf booster did. Although mice are not susceptible to infection by P. falciparum sporozoites, we demonstrated that administration of two distinct immunogens expressing PF3 elicited activated, extravasating CS-specific T cells that protected against an intracerebral VacPf challenge.
The dynamic phagosomal proteome and the contribution of the endoplasmic reticulum (2007)

Macrophages use phagocytosis to control the spread of pathogens in the body, to clear apoptotic cells, and to aid in tissue remodeling. The phagosomal membrane is traditionally thought to originate from the plasmalemma and then go through a series of maturation steps involving sequential fusion with endosomal compartments, leading to the formation of a phagolysosome. A recent model suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the maturation as well. Here we use stable isotope labeling and multiple quantitative proteomic approaches to follow the dynamic composition of the maturing phagosome in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to a greater depth and higher temporal resolution than was previously possible. Analysis of the results suggests that the traditional model of a linear sequence of fusion events with different compartments is more complex or variable than previously thought. By concomitantly measuring the degree to which each component is enriched on phagosomes, our data argue that the amount of ER involved in phagocytosis is much less than predicted by the model of ER-mediated phagocytosis.