gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cochlear, Brain Stem, and Cortical Evoked Responses in Nonorganic Hearing Loss (1977)

After complete but inconclusive audiometric evaluation, 30 suspected cases of nonorganic hearing loss (NOHL) were referred to this laboratory for a complete battery of electric response audiometry tests (recording of cochlear, brain stem and cortical evoked responses). The chief advantages of these tests lie in their ability to more objectively confirm the presence of NOHL and to elicit the true threshold of the subject. Such tests along with psychiatric evaluation, indicate that NOHL can be subdivided into categories, examples of which are presented and discussed: malingering or conscious simulation of deafness for obvious personal gain, and psychogenic deafness in which an emotional problem (e.g., combat stress, anxiety) is unconsciously converted into a hearing problem in an escape mechanism. The basis of NOHL in some cases may be a mixture of both conscious components (malingering) and unconscious components (psychogenic). Several cases of NOHL are really nonorganic overlays or exaggeration on a small to moderate organic hearing loss. The psychogenic hearing loss seen in soldiers with combat neurosis may have originally developed as a psychogenic exaggeration of a temporary threshold shift induced by the noise of battle. Thus objective electrophysiological hearing tests and psychiatric evaluation have contributed to a better understanding of NOHL.
The Myth of Open Web Services: The Rise of the Service Parks (2008)

Issues of trust, reliability, and data heterogeneity make it unlikely that we'll have access to a set of free and heterogenous Web services and tools to combine them on the Internet anytime soon. The authors contend, instead, that "service parks" will rise and succeed in the near future as execution environments that support simplified data integration and service reliability. As service park owners establish and leverage branding of their efforts, they will likely build trust within the Web service user community. The most successful service parks will allow users and service providers other than the park owners to to be easily provide and modify services.
Novel Archaeal Alanine:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase from <i>Thermococcus litoralis</i> (2004)

A novel alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was found in a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus litoralis. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme did not show a similarity to any alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases reported so far. Homologues of the enzyme appear to be present in almost all hyperthermophilic archaea whose whole genomes have been sequenced.
Second-harmonic generation as a probe of rotational mobility in poled polymers (1991)

Second-harmonic generation was used to determine the rotational mobility of dopants in polymer hosts aligned by an electric field as a function of temperature and of dopant molecular volume. A free-volume model is used to interpret the results and to estimate the average free volume surrounding the dopants.
Influence of the interfacial charge-transfer resistance at the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells employing cobalt redox shuttles (2011)

We highlight the effect of the interfacial charge-transfer resistance at the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells based on two cobalt redox shuttles, namely cobalt(III/II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) and cobalt(III/II) tris(1,10-phenanthroline). Highly porous counter electrodes based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) prepared by electro-oxidative polymerization are compared to the typically employed platinized FTO glass, with the former showing much lower charge transfer resistances for both cobalt complexes, leading to improved fill factors and to linear response of the short circuit photo-current density to light intensity up to one sun. Based on these findings, an excellent power conversion efficiency of 10.3% was achieved with a recently reported organic sensitizer and PEDOT as counter electrode.
A novel wood‐binding domain of a wood–plastic coupling agent: Development and characterization (2003)

Abstract Poly( N ‐acryloyl dopamine) (PAD) was successfully synthesized through free‐radical homopolymerization of N ‐acryloyl‐ O,O ′‐diphenylmethyldopamine and subsequent deprotection. The adhesive ability of PAD to wood was studied in detail. PAD underwent substantial oxidation and crosslinking reactions at about 80°C. Therefore, maple veneer samples bonded with PAD powder at a press temperature of 120°C had high shear strength and high water resistance. In contrast to conventional wood adhesives such as phenol‐formaldehyde and urea‐formaldehyde resins, PAD resulted in an increase, rather than a decrease, in the shear strengths of two‐ply laminated maple veneer test specimens that had undergone a water soaking and drying treatment. A mixture of PAD and polyethylenimine (PEI) resulted in much higher shear strength than PAD alone. To achieve high shear strength and high water resistance, the maple specimens bonded with PAD–PEI mixtures had to be cured above 150°C because reactions between PAD and PEI occurred at about 150°C. The water resistance of the maple specimens bonded with the PAD–PEI mixtures was dependent on the PAD:PEI weight ratio and the curing temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1078–1084, 2003
SPECT: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (1980)

Interest in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been renewed as a result of the successful application of transmission (x-ray) CT to diagnostic radiology. Many aspects of SPECT are different from those encountered in transmission CT, and often are more difficult to overcome. Examples of two major aspects encountered are 1) the limitations on the available photon flux imposed mainly by dose considerations to the patient and, 2) the internal attenuation of gamma rays within the patient prior to detection. Progress has been made recently in overcoming the quantum limitation by designing SPECT systems using special collimation and large active detector areas. High efficiency systems have been designed and built using both multiple-scanners and also using multiple large-field-of-view scintillation cameras. Much progress has also been made in compensating for the problem of gamma ray attenuation using iterative and analytical approaches. This paper reviews the history of single photon emission tomography, characterizes the physical attributes of SPECT, describes some solutions to the inherent problems encountered, and also reviews a few selected approaches in designing SPECT systems to provide high quality, artifact-free reconstructed images. It is anticipated that future developments will allow SPECT systems to more nearly attain the ultimate goal of determining absolute regional radionuclide concentration as a function of time. These systems, coupled with newly developed physiological radiopharmaceuticals, can provide useful research and clinical information.
Concentrations and Sources of VOCs in Urban Domestic and Public Microenvironments (2001)

Concentrations of 15 VOCs including 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and styrene were measured in a wide range of urban microenvironments, viz: homes, offices, restaurants, pubs, department stores, coach and train stations, cinemas, libraries, laboratories, perfume shops, heavily trafficked roadside locations, buses, trains, and automobiles. For most target VOCs-including 1,3-butadiene and benzene-mean concentrations at heavily trafficked roadside locations were exceeded by those in automobiles and were comparable to those in pubs and train stations. With regard to indoor-outdoor relationships in homes, this study revealed higher mean indoor concentrations, no correlation between simultaneously measured indoor and outdoor concentrations, and significantly different patterns of diurnal variation. Thus-in poorly ventilated buildings-indoor emission source strength is considered a more significant influence on VOC concentrations than infiltration of outdoor air. In the six smoking homes studied, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was found to make a substantial contribution to concentrations of 1,3-butadiene. This finding was based on the significantly higher concentrations detected in smoking compared to nonsmoking homes, the significant correlation between 1,3-butadiene concentrations and those of 3-ethenylpyridine (an ETS marker), factor analysis, and the results of a source apportionment exercise based on ratios of 1,3-butadiene to 3-ethenylpyridine.
Novel disk type ultrasonic traveling wave motor for high torque (2002)

Today most rotary traveling wave motors either have a ring type or a disk type stator. In the ring type usually a mode shape with 3 to 11 nodal lines but without nodal circle is excited by a piezoceramic ring. This ring is bonded on the opposite side of the contact area at the same radial position as the teeth of the stator. Due to manufacturing reasons the maximum outer diameter of piezoceramic rings is limited. Therefore the possibility to obtain higher output by increasing the radial dimension of the motor is limited when using this kind of design. In the disk type stator usually a vibration mode with few nodal lines and one nodal circle is used. To the best of the authors' knowledge up to now the contact area was always located inside the nodal circle, resulting in a low torque/high velocity characteristic compared to the ring type motor. For many applications, however, high torque is the most important design goal. The present paper is dedicated to the investigation of stator geometries for motors with high torque. First numerical and experimental results obtained for a ring type and a disk type motor of a novel design will be reported. In the disk type motor the piezoceramic excitation is inside the nodal circle and the friction contact zone is outside the nodal circle so that high output torque can be expected. By using piezoceramic rings of 90 mm outer diameter and a vibration mode with one nodal circle and 11 nodal lines a stator diameter of 112 mm was realized. Furthermore a ring type stator with 98 mm outer diameter was built and used for prototyping a new traveling wave motor. In the paper the design and optimization of the stator geometry and first experimental results will be reported.
Thinking about the nerve impulse: A critical analysis of the electricity-centered conception of nerve excitability (2018)

Nerve impulse generation and propagation are often thought of as solely electrical events. The prevalence of this view is the result of long and intense study of nerve impulses in electrophysiology culminating in the introduction of the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the action potential in the 1950s. To this day, this model forms the physiological foundation for a broad area of neuroscientific research. However, the Hodgkin-Huxley model cannot account for non-electrical phenomena that accompany nerve impulse propagation, for which there is nevertheless ample evidence. This raises the question whether the Hodgkin-Huxley model is a complete model of the nerve impulse. Several alternative models have been proposed that do take into account non-electrical aspects of the nerve impulse and emphasize their importance in gaining a more complete understanding of the nature of the nerve impulse. In our opinion, these models deserve more attention in neuroscientific research, since, together with the Hodgkin-Huxley model, they will help in addressing and solving a number of questions in basic and applied neuroscience which thus far have remained outside our grasp. Here we provide a historico-scientific overview of the developments that have led to the current conception of the action potential as an electrical phenomenon, discuss some major objections against this conception, and suggest a number of scientific factors which have likely contributed to the enduring success of the Hodgkin-Huxley model and should be taken into consideration whilst contemplating the formulation of a more extensive and complete conception of the nerve impulse.
Multiple Models Generalized Predictive Control for Superheated Steam Temperature Based On MLD Model (2007)

In view of the features of superheated steam temperature system in the power plant, with the models of controlled object under different circumstances, a multiple models modeling method based on mixed logical dynamical (MLD) model is given, and the GPC for the MLD is put forward, its stability is also discussed. The control algorithm is simple and more adaptable for the change of circumstance, also can avoid the disturbance of controllers' switch while using the common method. Considering the main steam temperature plant of a supercritical once-through 600MW boiler, the simulation is done to validate the control strategy. The result show the method has a strong robustness and better tracking performance, the satisfying control of the total operating conditions is also realized.
Steric hindrance in the benzylation of anilines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric hindrance in the benzylation of anilinesEmanuele Maccarone, Antonino Mamo, and Michele TorreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 7, 1143–1146Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01321a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01321a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Octyl 2-Cyanoacrylate for Repair of Peripheral Nerve (2005)

The repair of peripheral nerves with sutures is time consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and functional outcome of repairing nerves with octyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive. The right peroneal nerve of 64 male, Lewis rats was sectioned and repaired. The rats were randomized into 3 experimental groups: A (n = 27), using only octyl 2-cyanoacrylate; B (n = 27), using 4, 10-0 nylon sutures; and C (n = 10), a sham operation. The recovery of nerve function was quantified through walking-track analyses; group A showed faster return of nerve function than B, especially at 15 days (P < 0.017). Histologic analysis showed a greater axonal regeneration in group A versus group B and no indication of tissue toxicity in group A. No dehiscence occurred during the 6-month study. Use of adhesive shortened the anastomosis time from 12 minutes to 4 minutes. These results indicate that the use of octyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive for nerve anastomoses is safe and effective and may have benefits compared with the use of sutures.
Defective oligodendrocyte development and severe hypomyelination in PDGF-A knockout mice (1999)

There is a class of oligodendrocyte progenitors, called O-2A progenitors, that is characterized by expression of platelet-derived growth factor &agr;-receptors (PDGFR(&agr;)). It is not known whether all oligodendrocytes are derived from these PDGFRalpha-progenitors or whether a subset(s) of oligodendrocytes develops from a different, PDGFR alpha-negative lineage(s). We investigated the relationship between PDGF and oligodendrogenesis by examining mice that lack either PDGF-A or PDGF-B. PDGF-A null mice had many fewer PDGFR alpha-progenitors than either wild-type or PDGF-B null mice, demonstrating that proliferation of these cells relies heavily (though not exclusively) on PDGF-AA homodimers. PDGF-A-deficient mice also had reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes and a dysmyelinating phenotype (tremor). Not all parts of the central nervous system (CNS) were equally affected in the knockout. For example, there were profound reductions in the numbers of PDGFR alpha-progenitors and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord and cerebellum, but less severe reductions of both cell types in the medulla. This correlation suggests a close link between PDGFRalpha-progenitors and oligodendrogenesis in most or all parts of the CNS. We also provide evidence that myelin proteolipid protein (PLP/DM-20)-positive cells in the late embryonic brainstem are non-dividing cells, presumably immature oligodendrocytes, and not proliferating precursors.
Hypoglycemic Brain Injury in the Rat: Correlation of Density of Brain Damage with the EEG Isoelectric Time: A Quantitative Study (1984)

Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulting in periods of cerebral isoelectricity ranging from 10 to 60 min. Plasma glucose levels during cerebral isoelectricity ranged from 0.12 mM to 1.36 mM. Control rats were injected with insulin, but hypoglycemia was terminated with glucose at the stage of large delta-wave EEG slowing. After recovery, the rats were allowed to wake up and survive for 1 wk. The number of dying neurons was assessed with acid-fuchsin/cresyl-violet-stained, whole-brain, subserial sections using direct visual counting of acidophilic, cytoclastic neurons. Brains from control rats that were not allowed to become isoelectric showed no dying neurons. Ten minutes of cerebral isoelectricity produced very minimal brain damage. The density of neuronal necrosis was positively related to the number of minutes of cerebral isoelectricity up to the maximum examined period of 60 min, but showed no correlation with the blood sugar levels. The cerebral cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, spinal cord, and, to a lesser extent, cerebellar Purkinje cells were affected. The distribution of neuronal necrosis was not identical with that seen in ischemia, but, rather, suggested a CSF-borne neurotoxin operant in contributing to the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemic brain damage. Neuronal death does not occur in hypoglycemia unless the EEG becomes isoelectric, whatever the blood sugar level. Serious brain damage does not occur until electrocerebral silence has been established for at least several minutes. Neuronal death accelerates after 30 min of EEG isoelectricity in the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural modifications of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Gd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>110</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math>films on GaAs(100) (2000)

We report an fcc structure for the epitaxial ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films grown on GaAs(100). This fluorite-derived structure appears to be stabilized by epitaxy with the substrate and has a great similarity to the GaAs structure. A model calculation supports this finding. Our secondary-electron imaging studies of these nanometer-thick films reveal that the films are cubic as deposited, and this structure can be derived from the stable $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase of the ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ by a mild ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$-ion bombardment and a subsequent anneal. These epitaxial ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films have great importance because of their excellent surface passivation properties.
Nanosized zeolite crystals—convenient control of crystal size distribution by confined space synthesis (1999)

C. Madsen, C. Madsen and C. J. H. Jacobsen, Chem. Commun., 1999, 673 DOI: 10.1039/A901228A
Spread spectrum technology: a solution to the personal communications services frequency allocation dilemma (1991)

The spectrum allocation problems posed by the establishment of personal communications services (PCS) are discussed, and some conclusions are drawn from the recent experience of licensing personal communications networks (PCNs) in the UK. A proposal for spectrum sharing is presented, focusing on the criteria to be met and the use of code-division multiaccess technology for its implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INTEREST IN AND LIMITATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTI-T-CELL ANTIBODIES FOR THE FOLLOW-UP OF RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS (1983)

The OKT series of anti-T-cell monoclonals has been used on 442 occasions in 41 renal allograft recipients in a 6-12 month follow-up study. Standard immunosuppressive therapy (including antithymocyte globulin in 26 patients) tended to decrease the helper-inducer/suppressor-cytotoxic cell ratio (OKT4/OKT8). Conversely, 71% of 35 renal failure episodes were associated with increased OKT4/OKT8 ratios. Twenty-three percent of renal failure episodes were associated with dramatically decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratios. At least half of these cases could be explained by a cytomegalovirus infection. In fact, similar infections were found in 6 out of 17 patients with low OKT4/OKT8 values in the absence of renal failure. These results prompt us to use anti-T cell monoclonals for the diagnosis of rejection because only nine episodes of transient increase in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio were observed in the absence of rejection. The interest of this new method for the immunological follow-up of transplanted patients is, however, limited by the difficulty in interpreting a significant percentage of tests because of (1) the presence of doubly labeled cells (OKT4+OKT8+) or the significant discrepancy between the number of OKT3+ cells and total cells labeled with OKT4 and/or OKT8 antibodies; (2) gross lymphocytopenia--most often observed in patients receiving antithymocyte globulins plus steroids; and (3) the clinically unexplained shifts in the T cell subset ratios mentioned above.