gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unwinding of DNA by Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein HMG(1+2) fromTPig Thymus as Determined with Endonuclease (1984)

A high mobility group (HMG) nonhistone protein fraction HMG(1 + 2), composed of HMG1 and HMG2, was prepared from pig thymus chromatin. In order to examine a possibility that the HMG(1 + 2) participates in the unwinding of the DNA double-helix, DNA hydrolysis assay systems with the endonucleases specific for single-stranded DNA were employed. In the presence of HMG(1 + 2), the hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA by N. crassa endonuclease was markedly promoted, while the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA was hardly enhanced. The reaction kinetic data showed that the stimulation of the hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA in the presence of HMG(1 + 2) was due to the unwinding of the DNA double-helix by the HMG(1 + 2), and not due to stimulation of enzyme activity of the endonuclease by the protein. The unwinding reactions were dependent on the HMG protein concentration at low weight protein to DNA ratios and reached a maximum at the ratio of 0.025. The region unwound in the whole DNA was partial. Similar results were obtained for experiments with nuclease S1. Isolated HMG1 and HMG2 fractions showed DNA unwinding activity of similar extents. The association constant obtained by fluorescence quenching analysis showed that the HMG(1 + 2) has higher affinity to single-stranded DNA than to double-stranded DNA. The susceptibility to the unwinding differed with the DNA source. These results suggest that HMG(1 + 2) at a low weight protein to DNA ratio binds to some limited double-stranded region in DNA and unwinds the DNA partially.
An introduction to the theory of diffusive shock acceleration of energetic particles in tenuous plasmas (1983)

The central idea of diffusive shock acceleration is presented from microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints; applied to reactionless test particles in a steady plane shock the mechanism is shown to produce a power law spectrum in momentum with a slope which, to lowest order in the ratio of plasma to particle speed, depends only on the compression in the shock. The associated time scale is found (also by a macroscopic and a microscopic method) and the problems of spherical shocks, as exemplified by a point explosion and a stellar-wind terminator, are treated by singular perturbation theory. The effect of including the particle reaction is then studied. It is shown that if the scattering is due to resonant waves these can rapidly grow with unknown consequences. The possible steady modified shock structures are classified and generalised Rankine-Hugoniot conditions found. Modifications of the spectrum are discussed on the basis of an exact, if rather artificial, solution, a high-energy asymptotic expansion and a perturbation expansion due to Blandford. It is pointed out that no steady solution can exist for very strong shocks; the possible time dependence is briefly discussed.
Scaffold-free Prevascularized Microtissue Spheroids for Pulp Regeneration (2014)

Creating an optimal microenvironment that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural pulp and securing an adequate blood supply for the survival of cell transplants are major hurdles that need to be overcome in dental pulp regeneration. However, many currently available scaffolds fail to mimic essential functions of natural ECM. The present study investigated a novel approach involving the use of scaffold-free microtissue spheroids of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) prevascularized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in pulp regeneration. In vitro-fabricated microtissue spheroids were inserted into the canal space of tooth-root slices and were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Histological examination revealed that, after four-week implantation, tooth-root slices containing microtissue spheroids resulted in well-vascularized and cellular pulp-like tissues, compared with empty tooth-root slices, which were filled with only subcutaneous fat tissue. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tissue found in the tooth-root slices was of human origin, as characterized by the expression of human mitochondria, and contained odontoblast-like cells organized along the dentin, as assessed by immunostaining for nestin and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Vascular structures formed by HUVECs in vitro were successfully anastomosed with the host vasculature upon transplantation in vivo, as shown by immunostaining for human CD31. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that prevascularized, scaffold-free, microtissue spheroids can successfully regenerate vascular dental pulp-like tissue and also highlight the significance of the microtissue microenvironment as an optimal environment for successful pulp-regeneration strategies.
The Structure of Rene' 88DT (1996)

As heat treated, Rene’ 88 DT was found to contain some 42.5 % y ’ , with both the cooling ( 24.5% ) and aging ( 18.0% ) forms exhibiting a very low positive ( 0.05% ) mismatch to the matrix. Small amounts of gram boundary MsB2 TiNblCJ, and traces of MsBs,were also present. The rate of coohng from the solutioning temperature could be related to the resultant cooling y ’ diameter by a regression equation, as could the aging conditions. The rate of cooling, as well as the grain size, were found to effect the gram boundary sermtions that were formed on cooling from the super solvus annealing temperature. Both of these features, and thus the cooling rate, mav effect mechanical oronerties. On nrolonaed hiah tempemture’ exposure, the y ’ phases 1 grow, and more M&z precioitates above 650°C ( 1200°F 1. followed bv MT&L above 705 ‘“C ( i300°F ), and an inbagranul~ p phase at ?6O”C ( 1400°F ). Simple regression equations were fitted to the kinetics of growth of both the cooling and aging y ’ by the use of a Larsen-Miller parameter to normalize the-time and temperature of exposure. This abowed the mediction of the growth of the Y ’ Dhases and the possible iden&ication of the average service tempe&ure that a part experienced. The growth of y ’ during high temperature exposure, rather then any precipitation of deleterious phases, was found to limit the service range of this structurally stable alloy. Indeed, the formation of M&e and n start only after the aging y’ had comnletelv re - solutioned. Re& 8SDT is an extremely stable alloy for prolonged 650°C (1200°F ) service. Its sunerior orooerties reflect a hieh Y’ content and a y “whose low positive mismatch allows a highly coherent and finer y’ precipitation. These advantages are optimized by a super solvus annealing practice that eliminates large, sub-solvus y’ phases, which promote crack nucleation in fatigue, and interfere with the formation of serrated grain boundaries.
Probing the <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine-binding site of rat guanidinoacetate methyltransferase. Effect of site-directed mutagenesis of residues that are conserved across mammalian non-nucleic acid methyltransferases. Effect of site-directed mutagenesis of residues that are conserved across mammalian non-nucleic acid methyltransferases (1996)

Most mammalian non-nucleic acid methyltransferases share three sequence motifs. To gain insight into the S-adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet)-binding site of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase, we mutated several conserved residues that are found in or near motifs I and II. Conversion of either of two glycine residues of motif I (Gly67 and Gly69) to an alanine resulted in an inactive enzyme. These enzymes, although having UV absorption, fluorescence and far-UV CD spectra virtually identical with those of the wild-type enzyme, seem to be conformationally different from the wild-type enzyme as judged by near-UV CD spectra and the extent of urea denaturation, and are apparently not capable of binding AdoMet. Mutation of Tyr136 of motif II to a valine resulted in a decrease in Kcat/Km values for substrates. Changing this residue to a phenylalanine caused only a minor change in Kcat/Km for AdoMet. This suggests that the aromatic side chain stabilizes the binding of AdoMet. Mutagenic changes of Glu89, which is the residue corresponding to the conserved acidic residue on the C-terminal side of motif I, indicated its contribution to AdoMet binding. These results are consistent with the idea that both motifs I and II are crucial in forming the AdoMet binding site of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase.
SYNTHESIS AND PYROLYSIS OF METHYLALLENE AND ETHYLACETYLENE (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS AND PYROLYSIS OF METHYLALLENE AND ETHYLACETYLENECharles D. Hurd and Richard N. MeinertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 1, 289–300Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01352a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01352a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TECNOLOGIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS: AINDA HÁ O QUE TEMER? (2014)

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a tecnologia contemporânea e os riscos que ela traz consigo para as diferentes formas de vida no presente e no futuro, com base, sobretudo, na formulação que Hans Jonas oferece em diferentes textos entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, que é corroborada, em grande medida, por alguns dos principais pensadores da tecnologia dos séculos XX e XXI.
Screening of selected Arabian medicinal plant extracts for inhibitory activity against peptidases. (2006)

The methanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants from the island Soqotra/Yemen were screened with respect to their inhibitory potency against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and aminopeptidase N (APN). Eight extracts did not show significant inhibitory activity against the enzymes tested, only Kalanchoe farinacea, Boswellia elongata and Cissus hamaderohensis inhibited all three enzymes. The most active extract was prepared from Kalanchoe farinacea characterized by low IC50 values especially for NEP and APN.
Processing and treatment of corncob bedding affects cage-change frequency for C57BL/6 mice. (2012)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new proprietary processed corncob bedding material (PCC)compared with standard corncob in ventilated and static mouse housing systems. Intracage ammonia levels, bacterial growth, and absorptive capacity of bedding were measured for cages of C57BL/6 mice under nonautoclaved and autoclaved conditions on static and ventilated racks in a barrier facility. Ammonia concentration was measured daily, and cages were removed from the study when measurements reached or exceeded 25 ppm. Bacterial growth in bedding was quantified and speciated before exposure to mice and at the time of cage removal. The absorptive capacity of all bedding material was determined under autoclaved and nonautoclaved conditions. Ventilated cages with PCC or autoclaved corncob took longer to reach ammonia concentrations of 25 ppm than did those with corncob or autoclaved PCC; PCC-filled cages remained below 25 ppm NH3 for at least 3 wk. The type of bedding material did not affect the number of days required to reach 25 ppm in static cages. Compared with other bedding types in the absence of mice, 1/4-in. PCC had a lower and 1/8-in. corncob a higher bacterial load. Autoclaving altered the absorptive capacity of 1/4-in. bedding materials, and for 1/8-in. bedding, corncob was more absorptive than PCC regardless of autoclaving. The results of this study indicate that PCC is comparable to autoclaved corncob in controlling intracage ammonia levels, and a cage-change interval of 3 wk is possible when ventilated cages are used with this bedding.
Human connexin43 gap junction channels. Regulation of unitary conductances by phosphorylation. (1994)

Connexin43 is the major gap protein in the heart and cardiovascular system. Single channel recordings of human connexin43 gap junction channels exogenously expressed in transfected SKHep1 cells demonstrate two discrete classes of channel events, with unitary conductances of predominantly 60 to 70 and 90 to 100 pS when recorded with an internal solution containing CsCl as the major current-carrying ionic species and at moderate transjunctional voltages (< 60 mV). Human connexin43 expressed in SKHep1 cells displays multiple electrophoretic mobilities (apparent M(r), approximately 41 to 45 kD) when resolved in Western blots. Treatment of connexin43 from these cells with alkaline phosphatase collapses the bands into a single 41-kD species; application of alkaline phosphatase to the cell interior through patch pipettes yields channels that are predominantly of the larger unitary conductance. The smaller 60- to 70-pS unitary conductance values correspond to the most common channel size seen in cultured rat cardiac myocytes; these channels were more frequently observed after treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, which was shown to increase phosphorylation of human connexin43 in these cells under similar conditions. Exposure to the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine shifted the proportion of events toward the largest unitary conductance and resulted in decreased phosphorylation of human connexin43 in seryl residues in these cells. Thus, the unitary conductance of human connexin43 gap junction channels covaries with the phosphorylation state of the protein. This change in unitary conductance appears to be a unique effect of phosphorylation on gap junction channels, since it has not been observed for other ion channels that have thus far been evaluated.
Development of a Transparent Material to Model the Geotechnical Properties of Soils (1994)

Abstract Measurement of three-dimensional deformation patterns and flow characteristics within a soil continuum are usually limited by the fact that soil sensors do not provide a continuous image of the measured continuum. Additionally, soil sensors exhibit static and dynamic characteristics that are different from those of the surrounding soils and therefore can change the response of the measured continuum. Tests conducted with a transparent material which has properties that closely model the geotechnical properties of natural soils can potentially circumvent these experimental problems if the response of a model transparent continuum can be measured using nonintrusive optical visualization techniques. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of producing transparent materials which exhibit macroscopic properties representative of the geotechnical properties of natural soils. The transparent “soils” discussed in this paper were made by consolidating suspensions of amorphous silica in liquids with matching optical refractive indices. The measured shear strengths and permeabilities of the transparent soils are characteristic of natural clays and silts. The stress-strain response of transparent soils is characterized by large strains during consolidation and shear.
Covalent binding of elliptinium acetate (NSC 264137) to nucleic acids of L1210 cells in culture. (1986)

Elliptinium acetate (9-OH-NME; Celiptium) is an antineoplastic agent currently used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and is known to intercalate into DNA. Previous studies have demonstrated that this molecule can be oxidized, yielding a reactive electrophilic form, which is able to bind covalently to a nucleophilic biological molecule. In this work, we evidenced a covalent binding of this drug to nucleic acids of L1210 cells in culture. A high performance liquid chromatography technique allowed us to distinguish between reversible and nonreversible interaction and to determine the binding ratio (rb) of covalently bound elliptinium versus bases of nucleic acids extracted from cells. After an 8-h incubation of L1210 cells with 0.1 microM elliptinium (the dose corresponding to the 50% inhibitory dose), we obtained 2.4 X 10(-6) and 3.4 X 10(-6) as the rb for RNA and DNA, respectively. The kinetics of binding was also studied. The dose-response relationship obtained is linear in a concentration range of 0.025 to 0.5 microM 9-OH-NME. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the covalent binding of 9-OH-NME to DNA is not repaired during a period of 40 h (during this period, the cell population has undergone two doublings). The nonhydroxylated and non-antitumoral derivative of 9-OH-NME, N2-methylellipticinium, is 20 to 30 times less active in terms of covalent binding to nucleic acids, compared to the antitumor compound 9-OH-NME. The implication of the covalent binding of 9-OH-NME is discussed with respect to its mechanism of action.
Polarization images: a geometric interpretation for shape analysis (2002)

Presents a framework for the geometric interpretation of a single polarization image taken of specular reflecting objects. The task of recovering 3D shape information of specular objects from intensity images is a difficult if not impossible one, as no intensity based features are available. Polarization analysis provides additional features to overcome the problem. In particular the orientation of polarized light is measured, from which constraints on the object surface can be deduced. We show how to perform shape analysis from a single polarization image. The method is applied to local deformation measuring. Along with a discussion of polarization and related geometric issues, algorithms are presented and substantiated by experiments.
SU‐FF‐I‐58: A Software Toolkit for Multi‐Image Registration and Segmentation in IGRT and ART (2007)

Purpose: Extracting information from images for image‐guided and adaptive radiation therapy usually involves segmentation and/or registration with a reference image. The purpose of this research was to develop and make freely available a software toolkit for research use that combines several registration and segmentation methods and is applicable to problems involving multiple sequential images. Method and Materials: Two automatic approaches have been integrated with standard interactive methods. One automatic approach solves PDEs describing visco‐elastic flow to register a set of target images with a reference image. Segmentations can then be transferred from the reference image to target images via corresponding deformation fields. The second method segments images via Bayesian posterior optimization of a 3D deformable shape model called an m‐rep. User efficiency has been improved by the ability to queue, view, work with, and compare multiple images and segmentations during a single session. The software was developed in C++ and runs on Windows and Linux. Results: The GUI, including a window with panes for standard orthogonal 2D views linked to a second 3D window, preserves a common look and feel for all three approaches. A set of treatment images of the same patient initially are rigidly registered to a reference image. The images are then segmented by the methods of choice. Unsatisfactory automatic results are edited with conventional methods. Registered images and segmentations are output in DICOM RT format. Conclusion: The toolkit combines multiple approaches for image registration and segmentation in a system specifically designed to support research on IGRT and ART. A cost‐free license to download and use the software is available at http://planunc.radonc.unc.edu. Research supported by NCI/NCRR R01 RR 01861501.
The stereoselective enzymic reduction of the synthetic 9-ketocannabinoid, nabilone,<i>in vivo</i>, in isolated liver cells and in liver homogenate (1980)

1. The enzymic reduction of the two optical isomers of nabilone, 6aR, 10aR and 6aS, 10aS, has been studied separately in the rat, in isolated hepatocytes, and in the 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate. The SS-nabilone was the more active substrate in all three cases. 2. In all three systems, the only carbinol formed from SS-nabilone was the S-(equatorial)-carbinol. In contrast, the reduction of RR-nabilone gave only S-(axial)-carbinol in the intact rat and in the isolated hepatocyte, but gave in the liver homogenate fraction a mixture of S-(axial)-carbinol and R-(equatorial)-carbinol. 3. The results show that the reduction of nabilone in vivo in the rat proceeds with rigid stereochemical control and that only the S-carbinols are formed. 4. The results also suggest that observations made with the intact liver cell may be more predictive of events in vivo than are those made with broken cell preparations.
Efficacy of venlafaxine in mixed depression-anxiety states (2000)

Patients with depression almost always suffer from comorbid anxiety or anxiety disorder. It is commonly stated that comorbid depression and anxiety has a worse prognosis, even with adequate therapy, than depression alone. An accumulation of data now make clear that the antidepressants venlafaxine and venlafaxine XR are effective in reducing anxiety in patients with depression. Several of the studies supporting this are reviewed here. Venlafaxine and venlafaxine XR have also been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders and venlafaxine XR is presently the only antidepressant approved by the FDA for the specific treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of venlafaxine in treating anxiety associated with depression and anxiety disorders supports theories implicating abnormal noradrenergic activity as a component of pathological anxiety.
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of stable ozonides with antimalarial activity (1996)

The synthesis of variously substituted 8,9,10,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.2.1.12.6]undecan-4-ones by ozonolysis of various 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones is described. Several of these stable ozonides exhibited activity (IC50s of 2–20 microgram cm–3) against a chloroquine-resistant strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
How We Do It: A Multidisciplinary Approach to <sup>177</sup>Lu DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (2020)

Lutetium 177 (<sup>177</sup>Lu) DOTA-0-Tyr3-Octreotate (DOTATATE) peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective treatment for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This review presents a clinical practice workflow that has been successful since <sup>177</sup>Lu DOTATATE PRRT was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The workflow relies heavily on the input of a multidisciplinary team and involves a nuclear medicine consultation service, tumor board, and specific preparations in advance of therapy and day-of-therapy procedures. A systematic checklist designed to ensure appropriate selection of treatment candidates and identification of any concerns to address to safely administer PRRT is provided. All patients were evaluated with gallium 68 DOTATATE PET/CT, and in cases of high-grade tumors, they were also evaluated with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT, with imaging findings reviewed as part of the systematic checklist before PRRT. Adverse effects are discussed and imaging follow-up regimens are reviewed, including alternative diagnostic contrast materials. Approaches to multiple challenging patient scenarios are illustrated through case examples. Finally, alternative theranostic radionuclides and treatment strategies are discussed.