gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMD-0354 Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Novel Approach for an Adjuvant to Chemotherapy to Prevent Multidrug Resistance in a Murine Model (2013)

Although early detection of breast cancer improved in recent years, prognosis of patients with late stage breast cancer remains poor, mostly due to development of multidrug resistance (MDR) followed by tumor recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with higher drug efflux capability and other stem cell-like properties, are concentrated in a side population (SP) of cells, which were proposed to be responsible for MDR and tumor repopulation that cause patients to succumb to breast cancer. Therefore, targeting of CSCs as an adjuvant to chemotherapy should be able to provide a more effective treatment of this disease. Here, we used IMD-0354, an inhibitor of NF-κB, identified for targeting CSCs, in a combination therapy with doxorubicin encapsulated in targeted nanoparticles. IMD-0354 did target CSCs, evidenced by a decrease in the SP, demonstrated by the inhibition of the following: dye/drug efflux, reduction in ABC transporters as well as in colony formation in soft agar and low attachment plates. Decrease of stem-like gene expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2, and apoptosis resistance related to the Survivin gene also was observed after treatment with this compound. In addition, IMD-0354 targeted non-CSCs as indicated by reducing viability and increasing apoptosis. Targeted drug delivery, achieved with a legumain inhibitor, proved to enhance drug delivery under hypoxia, a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, but not under normoxia. Together, this allowed a safe, non-toxic delivery of both anticancer agents to the tumor microenvironment of mice bearing syngeneic metastatic breast cancer. Targeting both bulk tumor cells with a chemotherapeutic agent and CSCs with IMD-0354 should be able to reduce MDR. This could eventually result in decreasing tumor recurrences and/or improve the outcome of metastatic disease.
Priming of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages for Enhanced Oxidative Responses by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection (1991)

The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on the oxidative response in infant and adult rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) was studied using either phorbol myristate acetate (0.5 microgram PMA/ml) or latex (250 micrograms/ml) as eliciting agents in a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Results indicated that uninfected infant AM responded to a latex-elicited but not PMA-elicited CL response. HSV-2 infection (moi = 1.0) of infant AM for 2 hr at 37 degrees C did not alter the PMA or latex-elicited CL responses. In contrast, uninfected adult AM exhibited a markedly increased CL response when elicited with either PMA or latex. HSV-2 infection (moi = 1) of adult AM for 2 hr further increased both PMA- and latex-elicited CL responses. Increasing the moi to 10 inhibited both PMA- and latex-elicited CL responses. Incubation of uninfected control and HSV-2 infected adult AM for 18 hr at 37 degrees C resulted in spontaneous priming of the cells for increased CL responses. In the absence of PMA HSV-2 alone failed to elicit a CL response in adult AM. Infection with heat-inactivated HSV-2 (moi = 1.0 before heat inactivation) did not prime adult AM for enhanced CL responses. AM from BCG immunized adult rabbit produced a considerably higher level CL response that nonimmunized AM; however, HSV-2 infection of these cells did not further enhance the response. In summary, these data indicate that adult AM but not infant AM can be primed by active HSV-2 infection for an increased CL response elicited by either PMA or latex.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Hyaluronan Deposition and Leukocyte Adhesion (2003)

There is mounting evidence that perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function play a key role in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases. We have examined the ability of ER stress to modulate leukocyte binding to colonic and aortic smooth muscle cells. In vitro, control smooth muscle cells bind few leukocytes, but treatment with compounds that induce ER stress, including tunicamycin, A23187, and thapsigargin, promotes leukocyte binding. Likewise, dextran sulfate, another agent capable of inducing ER stress and promoting inflammation in vivo, strongly induces leukocyte adhesion. The bound leukocytes are released by hyaluronidase treatment, indicating a critical role for hyaluronan-containing structures in mediating leukocyte binding. Affinity histochemistry demonstrated that hyaluronan accumulates and is present in cable-like structures in the treated, but not the untreated, cultures and that these structures serve as attachment sites for leukocytes. Hyaluronan-rich regions of both murine and human inflamed colon contain numerous cells that stain intensely for ER-resident chaperones containing the KDEL sequence, demonstrating a relationship between ER stress and hyaluronan deposition in vivo. These results indicate that ER stress may contribute to chronic inflammation by forming a hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrix that is conducive to leukocyte binding.
The Ras-MAPK signal transduction pathway, cancer and chromatin remodeling (2005)

Stimulation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway results in a multitude of events including expression of the immediate-early genes, c-fos and c-myc. Downstream targets of this stimulated pathway are the mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSK) 1 and 2, which are histone H3 kinases. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, it has been shown that the mitogen-induced phosphorylated H3 is associated with the immediate-early genes and that MSK1/2 activity and H3 phosphorylation have roles in chromatin remodeling and transcription of these genes. In oncogene-transformed fibroblasts in which the Ras-MAPK pathway is constitutively active, histone H1 and H3 phosphorylation is increased and the chromatin of these cells has a more relaxed structure than the parental cells. In this review we explore the deregulation of the Ras-MAPK pathway in cancer, with an emphasis on breast cancer. We discuss the features of MSK1 and 2 and the impact of a constitutively activated Ras-MAPK pathway on chromatin remodeling and gene expression.
Nematicidal Activity of Essential Oils and Their Components Against the Root-Knot Nematode (2000)

ABSTRACT Nematicidal activity of essential oils extracted from 27 spices and aromatic plants were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. Twelve of the twenty-seven essential oils immobilized more than 80% of juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica at a concentration of 1,000 mul/liter. At this concentration, most of these oils also inhibited nematode hatching. Essential oils of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha rotundifolia, and Mentha spicata showed the highest nematicidal activity among the in vitro tested oils. These oils and those from Origanum vulgare, O. syriacum, and Coridothymus capitatus mixed in sandy soil at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the root galling of cucumber seedlings in pot experiments. The main components of these essential oils were tested for their nematicidal activity. Carvacrol, t-anethole, thymol, and (+)-carvone immobilized the juveniles and inhibited hatching at >125 mul/liter in vitro. Most of these components mixed in sandy soil at concentrations of 75 and 150 mg/kg reduced root galling of cucumber seedlings. In 3-liter pot experiments, nematicidal activity of the essential oils and their components was confirmed at 200 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The results suggest that the essential oils and their main components may serve as nematicides.
Carbon-supported Pt–Ru nanoparticles prepared in glyoxylate-reduction system promoting precursor–support interaction (2010)

A high dispersion of carbon-supported Pt–Ru alloy nanoparticles have been prepared in an alkaline aqueous solution by using glyoxylate as a reducing agent. The glyoxylate monoanion is converted to oxalate dianion with the reduction of metal precursor ions. The surface-potential analysis of unsupported Pt–Ru black in the presence of all the anion species coexistent in the preparation system suggests a possibility of oxalate dianion as the most effective particle stabilizer. In the glyoxylate-reduction system, a precursor–support interaction is significantly promoted to affect the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles. The glyoxylate reduction at 20-wt% metal loading has provided a higher Pt(0)/Ru concentration ratio in the near-surface region than that of 60-wt% catalyst. The structural and morphological features and advantageous surface composition of the 20-wt% catalyst contribute to the high mass activity for methanol oxidation in the anode overpotential range of typical direct methanol fuel cells.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Silica (2013)

Nanoporous silica systems with porosity between 30% and 70% were developed using two Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation protocols to obtain structures with dissimilar pore morphologies. Short‐ and medium‐range structural characteristics including bond angle distributions and pair distribution functions were analyzed and found to be consistent with experimental results. Surface area to volume ratio and pore microstructures were characterized and compared with experimental observations. Mechanical properties including elastic, shear, and bulk moduli of these nanoporous silica systems were calculated and their change as a function of porosity was compared with experimental data and theoretical models. It was found that the elastic modulus of porous silica with 50% porosity is 5–14 GPa which is consistent with experimental results. The elastic moduli–porosity relationship was fitted by exponential and power functions, and analysis of coefficients was performed to obtain microstructure characteristics of the simulated nanoporous silica structures. This works confirms that two distinct nanoporous silica microstructures are generated with MD simulations which result in variations in mechanical properties and highlight the importance of selecting a nanoporous silica simulation method which approximates experimental systems.
Photoluminescence microscopy of InGaN quantum wells (1997)

Submicron spatial resolution photoluminescence is used to assess radiative efficiency and spatial uniformity of GaN/InGaN heterojunctions. Room temperature photoluminescence of multiple InGaN quantum wells with GaN barriers fabricated by electron-cyclotron resonance assisted molecular beam epitaxy was measured as a function of position on a facet perpendicular to the layer structure. Our high resolution studies reveal that the radiative recombination for the InGaN quantum wells is 50–60 times more efficient than for the underlying GaN film.
SCA1 molecular genetics: a history of a 13 year collaboration against glutamines (2001)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a relatively rare autosomal-dominant neurological disorder. SCA1 has the intriguing feature that the disease-causing mutation is the expansion of an unstable trinucleotide repeat, specifically a CAG repeat that encodes the amino acid glutamine in ataxin-1. During the past 10 years, substantial progress has been made towards understanding the pathogenic mechanism in this disease. The nucleus has been identified as the subcellular site where the mutant protein acts to cause disease. Evidence indicates that expansion of the glutamine tract alters the folding properties of ataxin-1. Finally, several cellular pathways have been identified which are able to impinge on the SCA1 disease process. The characterization of these pathways and their role in SCA1 will guide research over the next several years.
A fuzzy neuron and its application to a hand-written character recognition system (1991)

A fuzzy neuron in which weighting factors and summation of a conventional neuron model are modified by a membership function and fuzzy logic functions, respectively, is described. An inhibitory synaptic junction is represented by a fuzzy logic complement. This fuzzy neuron facilitates a pattern recognition of a hand-written character by only one layer. It is verified by constructing the pattern recognition hardware system. The distinctive features of this system are: (1) its simplicity of design, (2) its robustness against noises and defects in the pattern, and (3) its high speed (500 ns).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bilateral sternobronchial fistula after coronary surgery – are the retained epicardial pacing wires responsible? a case report (2009)

Reported complications of retained epicardial pacing wires are unusual. We present this case in order to include it to the potential complications of the epicardial pacing wires.
Learning to crawl (2005)

Topical crawling is a young and creative area of research that holds the promise of benefiting from several sophisticated data mining techniques. The use of classification algorithms to guide topical crawlers has been sporadically suggested in the literature. No systematic study, however, has been done on their relative merits. Using the lessons learned from our previous crawler evaluation studies, we experiment with multiple versions of different classification schemes. The crawling process is modeled as a parallel best-first search over a graph defined by the Web. The classifiers provide heuristics to the crawler thus biasing it towards certain portions of the Web graph. Our results show that Naive Bayes is a weak choice for guiding a topical crawler when compared with Support Vector Machine or Neural Network. Further, the weak performance of Naive Bayes can be partly explained by extreme skewness of posterior probabilities generated by it. We also observe that despite similar performances, different topical crawlers cover subspaces on the Web with low overlap.
Bifurcation of Nonlinear Problems Modeling Flows Through Porous Media (1998)

This paper deals with a class of nonlinear boundary value problems which appears inthe study of models of flows through porous media. Existence results of asymptotic bifurcation andcontinua are reported both for operator equations and for boundary value problems.
On a novel PN-code pulse compression technique in a radar application: impacts of non-ideal system properties (2002)

In a new low-power short range radar system, a novel unbiased pulse compression algorithm is utilized. This algorithm shows an inherent perfect sidelobe suppression, thus avoiding the masking effect of small radar targets in the neighbourhood of very large ones. Three effects, distorting this desirable property, which occur in real, non-ideal systems, are analyzed in this paper. These effects are: shift of sampling time grid by fractions of the sampling period, signal offset, and signal saturation. Analytical results, simulations and measurements are presented and discussed; solutions to cope with these effects are described.
Direct reduction of hematite in a moving-bed reactor. Analysis of the water gas shift reaction effects on the reactor behavior (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect reduction of hematite in a moving-bed reactor. Analysis of the water gas shift reaction effects on the reactor behaviorEnrique D. Negri, Orlando M. Alfano, and Mario G. ChiovettaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 3, 474–482Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00051a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00051a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vitro</i> Effects of Anti-HIV Immunotoxins Directed against Multiple Epitopes on HIV Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein 160 (1996)

We have used a panel of anti-gp160 MAbs to construct anti-HIV immunotoxins by coupling antibodies to ricin A chain (RAC). The ability of the immunotoxins to kill HIV-1-infected cells and halt the spread of infection was tested in tissue culture on persistently and acutely infected cell lines and primary lymphocyte cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA blasts). Laboratory strains and clinical isolates of HIV both were tested. The constitution and antigen-binding capacity of the immunotoxins were confirmed by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. Immunotoxins that bind epitopes exposed on the cell surface effectively killed persistently infected cells, although killing was not directly proportional to binding of immunotoxin to cell. The activity of anti-gp41, but not anti-gp120, immunotoxins was markedly enhanced in the presence of soluble CD4 or peptides corresponding to the CDR3 region of CD4. CD4-mediated enhancement of anti-gp41 immunotoxin activity was observed for laboratory strains neutralized by sCD4 and for clinical isolates that were resistant to neutralization by sCD4. Immunotoxin action was potentiated by brefeldin A, bafilomycin A1, cortisone, and an amphipathic fusion peptide, but not by cytochalasin D, nocodazol, monodansyl cadaverine, or trans-retinoic acid. Anti-HIV immunotoxins are useful tool with which to study the functional expression of gp120/gp41 antigens on the surface of HIV-infected cells, as well as potential AIDS therapeutics. Because these studies relate to the accessibility of viral antigens to antibody-mediated attack, these studies also have relevance for vaccine development.
Flow Diverters for Intracranial Aneurysms (2014)

Flow diverters (pipeline embolization device, Silk flow diverter, and Surpass flow diverter) have been developed to treat intracranial aneurysms. These endovascular devices are placed within the parent artery rather than the aneurysm sac. They take advantage of altering hemodynamics at the aneurysm/parent vessel interface, resulting in gradual thrombosis of the aneurysm occurring over time. Subsequent inflammatory response, healing, and endothelial growth shrink the aneurysm and reconstruct the parent artery lumen while preserving perforators and side branches in most cases. Flow diverters have already allowed treatment of previously untreatable wide neck and giant aneurysms. There are risks with flow diverters including in-stent thrombosis, perianeurysmal edema, distant and delayed hemorrhages, and perforator occlusions. Comparative efficacy and safety against other therapies are being studied in ongoing trials. Antiplatelet therapy is mandatory with flow diverters, which has highlighted the need for better evidence for monitoring and tailoring antiplatelet therapy. In this paper we review the devices, their uses, associated complications, evidence base, and ongoing studies.
Time of Flight Diffraction Testing of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments at Elevated Temperatures (2008)

Ultrasonic testing is a mandatory requirement during inservice inspection of the welds in the main and safety vessels of a prototype fast breeder reactor. Presently, conventional ultrasonic techniques have been proposed for use. Two of the main challenges likely to be encountered during ultrasonic testing are the high temperature of the vessels (around 423-473 K during shutdown) and the background radiation. Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction is now well established as a technique for NDT of thick (greater than 12.5 mm) weldments. The main advantage of using time of flight diffraction is its increased accuracy for discontinuity detection and fast scanning times. Conventionally, time of flight diffraction has been applied only for carbon steel weldments and at ambient temperatures. This paper highlights the successful application of time of flight diffraction for testing of stainless steel weldments at high temperature (423 K). Experimental studies reveal that the diffracted signal amplitude decreases and, hence, the time of flight diffraction image contrast decreases with increasing temperature. Additional gain was necessary to compensate for the decreased signal amplitude. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that the additional gain necessary to compensate for the lower signal amplitude varied nonlinearly (quadratically) with temperature. The errors in the discontinuity dimensional measurement were observed to be less than 5% compared to measurements at ambient temperature.
Functional expression of a <i>Drosophila</i> odor receptor (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Polarization-maintaining optical microfiber (2010)

We have successfully demonstrated a polarization-maintaining (PM) fused silica microfiber by adiabatically tapering a conventional PM fiber. Compared to standard single-mode microfibers, the proposed PM microfibers exhibit robust polarization, preserving characteristics under the presence of external perturbations, such as bending. A polarization-extinction ratio of 16 dB is typically obtained through the device with a corresponding excess loss of 0.2 dB.
Assembly Design and Evaluation in an Augmented Reality Environment (2005)

Abstract — The technologies and methodologies of assembly design and evaluation in the early design stage are highly significant to product development. This paper looks at a promising technology to mix real components (e.g. physical prototypes, assembly tools, machines, etc.) with virtual components to create an Augmented Reality (AR) interface for assembly process evaluation. The goal of this paper is to clarify the methodologies and enabling technologies of how to establish an AR assembly simulation and evaluation environment. The architecture of an AR assembly system is proposed and the important functional modules including AR environment set-up, design for assembly (DFA) analysis and AR assembly sequence planning in an AR environment are discussed in detail.