gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homologous and heterologous protection of mice with group A streptococcal M protein vaccines (1977)

Purified streptococcal M proteins precipitated with alum (APM) were used to immunize mice. A trivalent vaccine of serotypes 1, 3, and 12 protected mice against challenges by homologous live streptococci and also conferred protection against serotypes 6 and 14 but not against a strain of group B streptococci. Monovalent APM vaccines afforded homologous protection and restricted heterologous protection. The extent of heterologous protection was a function of serotype combinations and was also dose dependent. Rabbit antisera exhibiting strong opsonic activities were active in vitro and in passive mouse protection only for homologous serotypes. Mouse antisera did not passively transfer protection and were not bactericidal in vitro. It was concluded that homologous and heterologous active mouse protection was most likely a result of shared antigenic determinants of the various M proteins although protection of mice could not be measured as a function of circulating anti-M antibodies.
Comprehensive assessment of RRAM-based PUF for hardware security applications (2015)

The stochastic behavior and intrinsic variability of resistive random access memory (RRAM) can be utilized to implement physical unclonable function (PUF) for hardware security applications. Performance of RRAM PUF depends on RRAM device characteristics. Reliability of RRAM PUF may degrade with retention loss, read instability and thermal variation, while PUF uniqueness is maintained as long as the randomness in RRAM resistance distribution is preserved. Based on key PUF metrics, this paper presents a systematic approach for a comprehensive evaluation of this novel application of RRAM.
Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Droplet Formation in a Cultured Human Hepatocyte in a Manner Dependent of Acyl-CoA Synthetase (2006)

Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular storage sites of neutral lipids, which accumulate in fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the effects of fatty acids and glucose on LD formation in a cultured human hepatocyte, HuH7, by adding them to culture media. Fatty acids with carbohydrate chains C12—C18 efficiently induced LDs, but those of C8 and C10 were ineffective. Glucose did not induce LD formation even in the presence of insulin. Oleic acid induced significant increases in cellular neutral lipids, and cell fractionation revealed that most of the newly synthesized neutral lipids were concentrated in LDs together with LD proteins. The LD formation was not abrogated by removal of medium glucose but was significantly inhibited by an ACSL inhibitor, triacsin C. These results demonstrate that long-chain fatty acids contribute to LD formation to a greater extent than glucose, possibly by being taken up into the cells, activated by ACSL, reconstituted into neutral lipids and then stored in LDs. Pregnenolone and lithium did not suppress oleic acid-dependent LD formation, despite previous reports of their ability to inhibit LD formation in macrophages and adipocytes suggesting differences among LD formations in these cells.
Marine fleet allocation using data mining techniques (2011)

Nowadays, classification is one of the many fields in Data Mining, also known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases, which aims at extracting information from large data volumes. In order to achieve this, data mining uses different computational techniques from machine learning, statistics and pattern recognition. In this work, a Data Mining techniques is used to help the Decision Maker of a Marin Transportation Firm called “SONOTRAK” to allocate a ship for a trip. The target is to ensure the transportation between “Sfax” city (Tunisia) and a closed island called “Kerkennah”. The fleet of “SONOTRAK” consists of five ships with different passenger and cars capabilities. The obtained classification gives groups of similar trips. Each class will be subject to arrange available ships according to the history of allocated trips in the last year. The most used ship will be the preferred one, and so on. Each ship will have a fitness value calculated according to this arrangement and to its fuel cost. The ship with the better fitness value will be allocated to the trip. The result ensures better management of the fleet of the company, and gives effect not only on the overall traffic but also on the fuel costs.
Electron desorption study of HF etched Si(100) (1993)

The electron stimulated desorption signature of a HF etched Si(100) surface has been examined in this study. Hydrogen passivation results in strong H+ and H− desorption signals. Both F+ and F− species are electronically desorbed, although no fluorine is observed in Auger electron spectroscopy. Low current density argon ion sputtering results in significant changes in the H+ and H− energy distributions which suggest an ion induced change in hydrogen adsorbate structure.
Estimates for the pool size of releasable quanta at a single central synapse and for the time required to refill the pool. (1995)

Local superfusion of limited dendritic areas with hypertonic or hyperkalemic solutions stimulates the release of quanta from a small population of synapses made on rodent hippocampal neurons maintained in primary culture, and each quantal event can be detected in the postsynaptic neuron. With maintained stimulation, the initial release rate is about 20 quanta per sec per synapse, and this rate declines exponentially to a final low level. These observations can be interpreted as depletion of available quanta and, with this interpretation, a bouton would contain one to two dozen quanta in its readily releasable pool. Tests with a second application of the solution that produces release reveal that the pool of readily releasable quanta is replenished with a time constant of about 10 sec (36 degrees C). The pool of quanta defined in this way may correspond to the population of vesicles docked at the bouton's active zone.
Pharmacokinetic studies of antibacterial agents using the suction blister method. (1990)

The suction blister technique was used for pharmacokinetic studies with sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Blisters produced by suction (-0.3 kg/cm2) for 1.5 h contained approximately 0.15 ml fluid with a protein content of 40-50% of that in plasma, the main protein fractions being present in the same ratio as in plasma. 2 g sulfaisodimidine was given as bolus injection, i.v. infusion or orally to groups of 4 volunteers. The peak blister fluid concentrations after oral administration (120 +/- 18 mmol/l) was only marginally lower than the concentrations after i.v. infusion (122 +/- 28 mmol/l) and i.v. bolus injections (134 +/- 37 mmol/l). The total drug blister fluid concentration started to decrease before the plasma level was reached. However the relative concentration increased from 53% of that in plasma at 8 h to 66% at 12 h after drug administration. Considering the protein binding of the drugs, the interstitial fluid levels of free drug were presumably higher than the plasma level after 8 h. Comparison of drug concentrations in blisters produced before and after the drugs were given showed higher concentrations in the latter for the first 2-6 h. However, after 8-12 h the concentrations of the drugs in the two types of blisters were similar. The suction blister method produces blisters of uniform size. The drug concentrations in different experiments showed the coefficient of variation for blister fluid concentrations to be no greater than for plasma levels. The consistent results of the standardized suction blister method makes this method useful for studying drug penetration to extravascular compartments in humans.
Accuracy and efficiency of adjoint state based parameter identification for fractional advection diffusion equation with space-dependent coefficients (2016)

In many natural media, tracer dispersion deviates from the classical Advection Diffusion Equation, and in some media a fractional variant including a time derivative of fractional order was found better adapted. We describe an inverse method that achieves best adjustment to data by tuning the order of the fractional derivative and the coefficients of the fractional ADE, even when the latter depend on space. Then, the discretized fractional ADE depends on a finite number of parameters including interpolation coordinates of the coefficients, and fractional derivative order. Imagine data that are time series of a quantity measured at several points of a one-dimensional domain, and ruled by the fractional ADE equipped with coefficients which we want to determine. We present a method that finds the parameters minimizing the distance E between model solution and data along an optimization sequence in degrees of freedom space. Yet, interpolation nodes may be many (more than ten) and accurate optimization softwares need the current gradient of E as an input for to determine the step immediately following each current step of the sequence. All the components of this gradient are deduced from one adjoint state, solution of a partial differential equation adjoint to the fractional ADE, and of equivalent computational complexity. Accuracy and computing time saving are demonstrated by applying inversion to artificial data deduced from the fractional ADE equipped of parameters imposed by ourselves.
Food Processing by High Hydrostatic Pressure (2002)

The use of high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) for food processing is finding increased application within the food industry. One of the advantages of this technology is that because it does not use heat, sensory, and nutritional attributes of the product remain virtually unaffected, thus yielding products with better quality than those processed traditional methods. HHP have the ability to inactivate microorganisms as well as enzymes responsible for shortening the life of a product. In addition to lengthening the shelf-life of food products, HHP can modify functional properties of components such as proteins, which in turn can lead to the development of new products. Equipment for large-scale production of HHP processed products are commercially available nowadays. Guacamole, sliced ham, oysters, and fruit juices are some of the products currently available on the market. HHP technology is one of the most promising nonthermal processes.
Sonolytic Decomposition of Aqueous Bioxalate in the Presence of Ozone (2010)

Ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of ozone is demonstrated to be effective for the rapid oxidation of oxalic acid, bioxalate, and oxalate (H(2)C(2)O(4)/HC(2)O(4)(-)/C(2)O(4)(2-)) in aqueous solution to CO(2) and H(2)O. The degradation rate of bioxalate exposed to "sonozone" (i.e., simultaneous ultrasonication and ozonolysis) was found to be 16-times faster than predicted by the linear addition of ozonolysis and ultrasonic irradiation rates. The hydroxyl radical (*OH) is the only oxy-radical produced that can oxidize oxalate on a relevant time-scale. Thus, plausible *OH production mechanisms are evaluated to explain the observed kinetic synergism of ultrasonication and ozonolysis toward bioxalate decomposition. *OH production via decomposition of O(3) in the cavitating bubble vapor and via the reaction of O(3) and H(2)O(2) are considered, but kinetic estimations and experimental evidence indicate neither to be a sufficient source of *OH. A free-radical chain mechanism is proposed in which the HC(2)O(4)(-) + *OH reaction functions as a primary propagation step, while the termination occurs through the O(3) + CO(2)(*-) reaction via an O-atom transfer mechanism. Kinetic simulations confirm that ozone reacts efficiently with the superoxide (O(2)(*-)) ion that is produced by the reaction of O(2) and CO(2)(*-) to form *OH radical, and that the reaction of O(3) + CO(2)(*-) must be chain terminating. Oxalate is also readily oxidized by "peroxone" treatment (i.e., H(2)O(2) and O(3)). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) during the course of the sonolytic ozonation of oxalic acid does not appear to increase the observed degradation rate and decreases rates at millimolar levels.
Defects in Type III Secretion Correlate with Internalization of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by Epithelial Cells (1998)

Previous characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates has demonstrated an inverse correlation between cytotoxicity and internalization by epithelial cells. To further investigate this relationship, we tested PA103, a cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain, and 33 isogenic noncytotoxic transposon mutants for internalization by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The majority of the mutants were not internalized, demonstrating that an inverse correlation between cytotoxicity and bacterial uptake by epithelial cells is not absolute. Six of the noncytotoxic mutants, however, demonstrated measurable levels of internalization by standard aminoglycoside exclusion assays even though internalization of wild-type strain PA103 was not detectable. All six had evidence of protein secretion defects involving two proteins, a 40-kDa protein and a 32-kDa protein. These proteins, designated PepB (for Pseudomonas exoprotein B) and PepD, respectively, each had characteristics of type III transported proteins. In addition, nucleotide sequencing studies demonstrated that PepB and PepD are homologs of YopB and YopD, respectively, type III secreted proteins of Yersinia spp. necessary for the translocation of effector molecules into the cytoplasmic compartment of eukaryotic cells. Thus, while many mutations in PA103 result in loss of cytotoxicity without an appreciable increase in internalization, defects in transport of type III secretion proteins PepB and PepD correlate with both loss of cytotoxicity and gain of internalization. These results are consistent with type III secretion of an inhibitor of internalization that requires PepB and PepD for translocation into the host cell.
Speech reinforcement in noisy reverberant environments using a perceptual distortion measure (2014)

In this paper, a time-frequency weighting is proposed for speech reinforcement (near-end listening enhancement) in a noisy and reverberant environment, which optimizes a perceptual distortion measure locally for each time-frequency bin. The algorithm acts as a dynamic range compressor, smearing out the energy of the clean speech along time. Simulations predict an intelligibility increase with respect to the unprocessed condition and two reference methods, for moderate smoothing windows, as measured by the optimized distortion measure and two objective intelligibility measures.
Towards music understanding without separation: segmenting music with correlogram comodulation (2003)

The application of a new technique for sound-scene analysis to the segmentation of complex musical signals is presented. This technique operates by discovering common modulation behavior among groups of frequency subbands in the autocorrelogram domain. The algorithm can be demonstrated to locate perceptual events in time and frequency when it is executed on ecological music examples taken directly from compact disc recordings. It operates within a strict probabilistic framework, which makes it convenient to incorporate into a larger signal-understanding testbed. Only within-channel dynamic signal behavior is used to locate events; therefore, the model stands as a theoretical alternative to methods that use pitch as their primary grouping cue. This segmentation algorithm is one processing element to be included in the construction of music perception systems that understand sound without attempting to separate it into components.
Breaking of inversion symmetry in 2-level binary, Fourier holograms (1993)

Methods of breaking inversion symmetry of images produced by 2-level, binary, phase holograms are considered which are of particular relevance to holograms produced by programmable devices. They are based on the use of the relationship which generalizes the method introduced by J.A. Davis et al. (1988) to enable intensity in the unwanted negative diffraction order spots to be located and spread in a controlled manner. Using this approach asymmetric spot arrays centred on the optic axis have been demonstrated, combined with high levels of suppression of both background and unwanted orders. Simply by relocating the image plane away from the Fourier plane the inversion symmetry is again removed by defocusing the negative diffraction orders. This method is explained using the general theory and it is also shown that adding a fixed phase mask can significantly reduce the background level. Experimental results for spot array without inversion symmetry are presented with uniformity of intensity of spots to within +or-6%, relative strength of unwanted spots of 3% and relative background strength below 2%.
Immunoassays for the quantification of <scp>ALK</scp> and phosphorylated <scp>ALK</scp> support the evaluation of on‐target <scp>ALK</scp> inhibitors in neuroblastoma (2017)

Targeted inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a successful approach for the treatment of many ALK-aberrant malignancies; however, the presence of resistant mutations necessitates both the development of more potent compounds and pharmacodynamic methods with which to determine their efficacy. We describe immunoassays designed to quantitate phosphorylation of ALK, and their use in preclinical models of neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy in which gain-of-function ALK mutations predict a poor overall outcome to conventional treatment. Validation of the immunoassays is presented using a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and evidence of on-target ALK inhibition provided by treatment of a genetically engineered murine model of neuroblastoma with two clinical ALK inhibitors, crizotinib and ceritinib, highlighting the superior efficacy of ceritinib.
Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation Regulates Membrane Insertion of GABAA Receptor Subtypes That Mediate Tonic Inhibition (2010)

Tonic inhibition in the brain is mediated largely by specialized populations of extrasynaptic receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A)Rs). In the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, tonic inhibition is mediated primarily by GABA(A)R subtypes assembled from α4β2/3 with or without the δ subunit. Although the gating of these receptors is subject to dynamic modulation by agents such as anesthetics, barbiturates, and neurosteroids, the cellular mechanisms neurons use to regulate their accumulation on the neuronal plasma membrane remain to be determined. Using immunoprecipitation coupled with metabolic labeling, we demonstrate that the α4 subunit is phosphorylated at Ser(443) by protein kinase C (PKC) in expression systems and hippocampal slices. In addition, the β3 subunit is phosphorylated on serine residues 408/409 by PKC activity, whereas the δ subunit did not appear to be a PKC substrate. We further demonstrate that the PKC-dependent increase of the cell surface expression of α4 subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs is dependent on Ser(443). Mechanistically, phosphorylation of Ser(443) acts to increase the stability of the α4 subunit within the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby increasing the rate of receptor insertion into the plasma membrane. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of Ser(443) increases the activity of α4 subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs by preventing current run-down. These results suggest that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of the α4 subunit plays a significant role in enhancing the cell surface stability and activity of GABA(A)R subtypes that mediate tonic inhibition.
A basic component for ISGRI, the CdTe gamma camera on board the INTEGRAL satellite (1999)

A basic component, called Polycell, has been developed for the ISGRI (INTEGRAL Soft Gamma Ray Imager) CdTe camera on board the INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) satellite. Operating at room temperature, it covers the 20 keV -1 MeV energy range. It features a sub-ensemble of 16 CdTe detectors and their associated front end electronics. This electronics is based on 4-channel analog-digital ASICs. Their analog part features a low noise preamplifier, allowing a threshold below 20 keV and a pulse rise-time measurement which permits a charge loss correction. The digital part ensures the internal acquisition timing sequence as well as the dialogue with external electronics. Two versions of the ISGRI ASIC have been developed in a collaboration of two CEA microelectronics teams from CEA/DTA/LETI/DSYS and CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/SEI, respectively on a standard CMOS AMS process hardened against radiation by lay-out, and on a Silicon On Insulator process (DMILL MHS), the latter being latch-up free. This paper presents the ASIC and polycell architecture as well as experimental results obtained with polycells equipped with AMS ASICs.
Estrogen Receptor α Regulates ATM Expression through miRNAs in Breast Cancer (2013)

We reveal a novel mechanism involving ERα and miR-18a and -106a regulation of ATM in breast cancer.
The Reactions of Certain Aromatic Cations (1974)

The review gives a systematic account of the most characteristic reactions of heteroaromatic cations and also tropylium and cyclopropenylium salts. The properties of these cations are compared and classified in accordance with three types: 1. reactions involving recyclisation; 2. reactions of substituents in aromatic cations; 3. reactions with retention of the ring. Attention has been concentrated on the recyclisation reactions and studies which have not been described in previous reviews. The bibliography includes 220 references.
Alteration of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX2 mRNA 5'-untranslated leader by mitochondrial gene replacement and functional interaction with the translational activator protein PET111. (1993)

The ability to replace wild-type mitochondrial DNA sequences in yeast with in vitro-generated mutations has been exploited to study the mechanism by which the nuclearly encoded PET111 protein specifically activates translation of the mitochondrially coded COX2 mRNA. We have generated three mutations in vitro that alter the COX2 mRNA 5'-untranslated leader (UTL) and introduced them into the mitochondrial genome, replacing the wild-type sequence. None of the mutations significantly affected the steady-state level of COX2 mRNA. Deletion of a single base at position -24 (relative to the translation initiation codon) in the 5'-UTL (cox2-11) reduced COX2 mRNA translation and respiratory growth, whereas insertion of four bases in place of the deleted base (cox2-12) and deletion of bases -30 to -2 (cox2-13) completely blocked both. Six spontaneous nuclear mutations were selected as suppressors of the single-base 5'-UTL deletion, cox2-11. One of these mapped to PET111 and was shown to be a missense mutation that changed residue 652 from Ala to Thr. This suppressor, PET111-20, failed to suppress the 29-base deletion, cox2-13, but very weakly suppressed the insertion mutation, cox2-12. PET111-20 also enhanced translation of a partially functional COX2 mRNA with a wild-type 5'-UTL but a mutant initiation codon. Although overexpression of the wild-type PET111 protein caused weak suppression of the single-base deletion, cox2-11, the PET111-20 suppressor mutation did not function simply by increasing the level of the protein. These results demonstrate an intimate functional interaction between the translational activator protein and the mRNA 5'-UTL and suggest that they may interact directly.