gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Dairy Silages and Other Feedstuffs (2010)

High ground-level ozone continues to be an important human, animal, and plant health impediment in the United States and especially in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). According to California state and regional air quality agencies, dairies are one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the SJV. A number of recently conducted studies reported emissions data from different dairy sources. However, limited data are currently available for silage and otherfeed storages on dairies, which could potentially contribute to ozone formation. Because the impact of different VOCs on ozone formation varies significantly from one molecular species to another, detailed characterization of VOC emissions is essential to include all the important contributors to atmospheric chemistry and especially atmospheric reactivity. The present research study identifies and quantifies the VOCs emitted from various silages and other feedstuffs. Experiments were conducted in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions. Almost 80 VOCs were identified and quantified from corn (Zea mays L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.),and cereal (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and oat [Avena sativava L.] grains) silages, total mixed ration (TMR), almond (Amygdalus communis L.) shells and hulls using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed high concentrations of emitted alcohols and other oxygenated species. Lower concentrations of highly reactive alkenes and aldehydes were also detected. Additional quantitation and monitoring of these emissions are essential for assessment of and response to the specific needs of the regional air quality in the SJV.
Rate and equilibrium studies in Jackson-Meisenheimer complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate and equilibrium studies in Jackson-Meisenheimer complexesFrancois TerrierCite this: Chem. Rev. 1982, 82, 2, 77–152Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00048a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00048a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1909Altmetric-Citations364LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The potassium hydride mediated trimerization of imines (2011)

A novel reaction, the potassium hydride mediated synthesis of fulvenes, is described. The synthesis utilizes N-aryl imines as an inexpensive starting material affording novel substituted aminofulvenes. It is proposed that the presence of the metalated enamine as well as the imine (ratio 2 : 1) leads to the formation of an initial dimerization and a transient trimerization product, which cyclizes, giving rise to the aminofulvene.
The H3 loop of antibodies shows unique structural characteristics (2017)

The H3 loop in the Complementarity Determining Region of antibodies plays a key role in their ability to bind the diverse space of potential antigens. It is also exceptionally difficult to model computationally causing a significant hurdle for in silico development of antibody biotherapeutics. In this article, we show that most H3s have unique structural characteristics which may explain why they are so challenging to model. We found that over 75% of H3 loops do not have a sub-Angstrom structural neighbor in the non-antibody world. Also, in a comparison with a nonredundant set of all protein fragments over 30% of H3 loops have a unique structure, with the average for all of other loops being less than 3%. We further observed that this structural difference can be seen at the level of four residue fragments where H3 loops present numerous novel conformations, and also at the level of individual residues with Tyrosine and Glycine often found in energetically unfavorable conformations. Proteins 2017; 85:1311-1318. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temperature dependent spectral response and detectivity of GeSn photoconductors on silicon for short wave infrared detection (2014)

The GeSn direct gap material system, with Si complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, presents a promising solution for direct incorporation of focal plane arrays with short wave infrared detection on Si. A temperature dependence study of GeSn photoconductors with 0.9, 3.2, and 7.0% Sn was conducted using both electrical and optical characterizations from 300 to 77 K. The GeSn layers were grown on Si substrates using a commercially available chemical vapor deposition reactor in a Si CMOS compatible process. Carrier activation energies due to ionization and trap states are extracted from the temperature dependent dark I-V characteristics. The temperature dependent spectral response of each photoconductor was measured, and a maximum long wavelength response to 2.1 μm was observed for the 7.0% Sn sample. The DC responsivity measured at 1.55 μm showed around two orders of magnitude improvement at reduced temperatures for all samples compared to room temperature measurements. The noise current and temperature dependent specific detectivity (D*) were also measured for each sample at 1.55 μm, and a maximum D* value of 1 × 10(9) cm·√Hz/W was observed at 77 K.
Peptide-Hormone Analogues (1979)

When is a peptide not a peptide? The ingenuity of the organic chemist is reflected in analogues with less and less resemblance to their parent molecules. Some are barely even recognizable as peptides; one needs a major in chemistry and a good road map to work out exactly what devilment has been inflicted on thyrotropin releasing hormone, for example, to generate pyro-(α-amino adipyl)-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide, an analogue with powerful and selective effects on the central nervous system.1 Even the peptide backbone is no longer sacred, since aza-analogues, in which the α carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen, have been synthesized for several . . .
Identification of voiceband data signal constellations using a divisive cluster algorithm (2002)

A divisive cluster algorithm has been applied to identify the type of signal constellation used by a voice band modem. Tests with simulated signals showed that this cluster technique is capable to classify a variety of voiceband signals in use (DPSK2A/B, DPSK4A/B, V.29, V.29Fallback (7.2 kbit/s) and V.32Fallback (9.6kbit/s)). Compared to former proposed algorithms to classify linear digital modulated signal constellations, this technique is able to classify both higher rated PSK and QAM signals at high to moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). With respect to signal impairments such as phase jitter, residual carrier or incomplete equalisation the classifier has proven to be reasonably robust. This paper describes the applied cluster algorithm and provides examples of its performance.
THE COMPLETE MODELLING OF THE FILLING PROCESS OF HYDROGEN ONBOARD VEHICLE CYLINDERS (2016)

Complete modelling of the filling process occurring in a hydrogen-fueled vehicle storage cylinder is examined. A simultaneous modelling of the flow and heat transfer within the cylinder and cylinder wall has not been considered in previous studies. Rapid filling may result to an unexpected temperature rise and breaching of the safety standards. In the present study, initially a correlation was developed based on a numerical simulation for predicting the heat transfer rate between in-cylinder flow and the cylinder inside wall. Then, a thermodynamic model was developed for predicting transient variations of temperature and pressure inside the cylinder and wall temperature during the filling. The model was applied to a type III onboard storage cylinder filling process. The numerical results are compared with previously measured values and showed good agreement. The results also show that a great portion of heat dissipation from the in-cylinder flow is stored in the cylinder wall. It is also found that ambient temperature during the refueling process has considerable effects on filling behavior in general and in particular on the final in-cylinder temperature and filled mass.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor CGP 57148 (ST1 571) induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL-positive cells by down-regulating BCL-X. (2000)

CGP 57148 is a potent inhibitor of the ABL protein tyrosine kinase and a promising new compound for the treatment of a variety of BCR-ABL-positive leukemias. We used this enzyme inhibitor to characterize the biological effects of BCR-ABL in primary cells and two growth factor-dependent BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines. The effect of CGP 57148 on primary cells is dependent on the stage of differentiation. The growth of maturing chronic myeloid leukemia cells is independent of BCR-ABL in the presence of growth factors. However, the proliferation of leukemic immature cobblestone-forming area cells is almost completely blocked after the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase. In the BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines, M07/ p210 and Ba/F3/p185, CGP 57148 induces apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c, activating caspase 3, and cleavage of PARP. No alteration of the expression level of the apoptosis regulator BCL-2 was observed. In contrast, BCL-X was down-regulated after exposure to CGP 57148. Inhibitors of signal transduction proteins such as PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2 pathways were not capable of a comparable down-regulation of BCL-X. The Fas/Fas ligand system was not involved either in the induction of apoptosis by CGP 57148. We conclude that the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase by CGP 57148 (a) preferentially inhibits the growth of immature leukemic precursor cells, (b) efficiently reverts the antiapoptotic effects of BCR-ABL by down-regulation of BCL-X, and (c) is more effective than the inhibition of the downstream signal transduction pathways of PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2.
Configuration Lifting: Verification meets Software Configuration (2008)

Configurable software is ubiquitous, and the term software product line (SPL) has been coined for it lately. It remains a challenge, however, how such software can be verified over all variants. Enumerating all variants and analyzing them individually is inefficient, as knowledge cannot be shared between analysis runs. Instead of enumeration we present a new technique called lifting that converts all variants into a meta-program, and thus facilitates the configuration-aware application of verification techniques like static analysis, model checking and deduction-based approaches. As a side-effect, lifting provides a technique for checking software feature models, which describe software variants, for consistency. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by checking configuration dependent hazards for the highly configurable Linux kernel which possesses several thousand of configurable features. Using our techniques, two novel bugs in the kernel configuration system were found.
Asaccharobacter celatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rat caecum (2008)

An obligately anaerobic and equol-producing bacterium, designated strain do03T, was isolated from the caecal content of a rat. Cells were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods. The results from a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain do03T formed a separate line of descent in the phylogenetic cluster of the family Coriobacteriaceae. The strain was unable to metabolize glucose or other carbohydrates as sole carbon sources; growth was enhanced in the presence of arginine. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acid was C18 : 1cis9 (54.0 %). The strain had one unidentified predominant (91.9 %) quinone that was not menaquinone, methylmenaquinone, demethylmenaquinone, ubiquinone or rhodoquinone. The DNA G+C content was 63 mol%. The data presented in this work show that strain do03T differs from members of the related recognized genera Eggerthella and Denitrobacterium at both the phylogenetic and phenotypic level. Therefore, the strain constitutes a novel genus and species, for which the name Asaccharobacter celatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is do03T (=JCM 14811T=DSM 18785T=AHU 1763T).
Spontaneous filamentation in broad-area diode laser amplifiers (1994)

The stability of a plane wave propagating in single- and double-pass broad-area diode laser amplifiers is analyzed. It is found that laterally periodic perturbations exhibit a longitudinal variation that is a mixture of exponential growth and periodic oscillation. The latter oscillation has a spatial period related to the Talbot distance. Due to the interaction between these two effects, double-pass amplifiers become unstable against lateral perturbations, and the field spontaneously collapses into a periodic array of filaments. Experimental results are presented that show good agreement with the theoretical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE TEXTURE AND TIRE/ROAD NOISE (2001)

The use of coarse aggregates of smaller diameter or twin layers in porous pavement have been found to be effective in reducing tire/surface noise. However, a problem of few researches for establishment of the relation between surface texture and low tire/surface noise till remains. In this research, relations between tire / surface noise measured up to now and the surface texture of porous pavement sections were evaluated. Relationship between a range of coarse aggregate size and variation in power spectral density of the surface texture was also evaluated. Measurement of surface texture can be effective in proper selection of aggregates or mix design for the purpose of reducing tire/surface noise.
Circulating Prostacyclin Concentrations May Be Increased by Bendrofluazide in Patients with Essential Hypertension (1980)

1. A within-patient randomized double-blind crossover study was performed on mechanisms of action of bendrofluazide in mild essential hypertension. Significant reductions in lying, standing and post-exercise blood pressure were seen after both 3 days and 10 weeks treatment with bendrofluazide (10 mg daily). 2. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the chemical hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, were significantly increased by both 3 days and 10 weeks therapy with bendrofluazide. This raises the possibility that thiazides may reduce peripheral resistance by increasing prostacyclin biosynthesis.
An attempt to describe the swelling of U<sub>3</sub>Si <sub>2</sub> fuel by a simple formula (2001)

Abstract Fuel swelling is a key parameter to be studied in the process of qualifying a fuel for use in reactors. Generally, test irradiations are performed to quantify the swelling. However, all reactor conditions can often not be simulated in tests. This situation occurs, for example, when a fuel shall be used in a new reactor where the fission rate is higher than in existing reactors available for the qualification tests. The swelling under the conditions of the new reactor must be predicted based on the data found under these test conditions. For this prediction a formula is required. Such a formula is derived for one of the most popular fuels for high flux reactors: U 3 Si 2 .
Cement-retained versus screw-retained implant restorations: Achieving optimal occlusion and esthetics in implant dentistry (1997)

The purpose of this article is to discuss how the choice to use screw-retained or cement-retained implants dramatically influences the occlusion and esthetics.
Fabrication of multifilamentary Nb-Al by a powder metallurgy process (1981)

Fabrication of multifilamentary Nb-Al superconducting wires with high overall critical current densities at high fields is discussed. Powder metallurgy processed materials have been made with low reaction temperatures and with J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 14 T. The effects of variations of Nb and Al powder size, composition, reduction ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> vs appiied field are presented. All the Nb-Al materials show good strain tolerance at high J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> and high field. The results also show that scaleup is promising.
A high-sensitivity reconfigurable integrating dual-slope CDC for MEMS capacitive sensors (2015)

The high-resolution and low power consumption Capacitance-to-Digital-Converters (CDC) demand in read-out circuits for MEMS capacitive sensor applications has become more and more important in the last few years. Traditionally, most of the sensor interfaces must be tailored towards a specific application. This approach results in a high recurrent design cost and time to market. On the other hand, generic sensor interface design reduces the costs and offers a handy solution for multisensor applications. This paper presents a generic sensor interface architecture which can read out a broad range of capacitive sensors. The proposed architecture contains a switch capacitor (SC) capacitance-to-voltage (C-V) stage followed by a programmable noise-shaping ADC. The ADC of the proposed CDC is implemented using an integrating Dual-Slope converter. As a difference with standard solutions, the ADC of the proposed CDC does not need SC integrators, leading to a very low-power and area design. In addition the current consumption can be traded-off according to the accuracy and speed requirements of the application. Finally, by adding a Reconfigurable Digital Filter (RDF), a reconfigurable CDC is achieved without any cost in the analog circuitry. System level simulation using a pressure MEMS capacitive sensor model reveals that with low clock frequencies high resolutions can be achieved. As an example using a clock frequency of 160kHz and measuring 10 capacitive values per second, 20bits of resolution is obtained in each measurement. This corresponds an equivalent capacitance resolution of 1aF assuming a differential capacitive value of the sensor of 1pF.
New Artificial High-Permeability Material for Microwave Applications (2004)

Various possibilities to design artificial magnetic materials for microwave frequencies are considered. Such composites can be used in microwave engineering at frequencies where no natural low-loss magnetic materials are available. A new magnetic particle (metasolenoid) formed by a stack of many parallel single split-ring resonators is proposed and analyzed analytically, numerically, and experimentally.
A 17 year experience of inappropriate shock therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: are we getting any better? (2004)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are standard treatment for both secondary and primary prevention in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.1,2 Inappropriate shock therapy (IST) occurs in a significant proportion of ICD patients, despite newer generation devices and algorithms specifically employed to try and eliminate this.3

The frequency of IST in patients implanted with cardioverter-defibrillators at this institution over a 17 year period from 1984 to 2001 was assessed. Predictive factors of IST were assessed, as was the susceptibility of certain subgroups to IST. Also, newer dual chamber devices were examined to see if they reduced IST.

We retrospectively analysed data from 171 patients. Each patient had an ICD capable of storing electrograms that met the programmed criteria for detection (that is, fell within a ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) therapy zone). Full data regarding delivered therapy were available in 155 patients. We analysed stored electrogram data from the ICD. Clinical assessments were made by studying ECG data and inpatient records from the time of hospitalisation, to assess whether therapy was appropriate. Therapy was deemed inappropriate when delivered for rhythms that were not VT or VF. A probability value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.

IST occurred in 22 patients (14%). Of these, 18 received IST for atrial arrhythmias (flutter/fibrillation) or sinus tachycardia. In the …
Single molecule detection and photochemistry on a surface using near-field optical excitation (1994)

We report the first photobleaching experiments of single molecules on a surface. Single molecules of rhodamine 6G are detected on a silica surface under ambient conditions using near-field scanning optical microscopy. Photobleaching of an individual molecule appears as an abrupt disappearance of fluorescence after seconds of constant excitation. Other reversible, upward and downward changes in fluorescence are observed, possibly due to reorientation of molecules on the surface.
Evaluated Chemical Kinetic Data for the Reactions of Atomic Oxygen O(3P) with Saturated Organic Compounds in the Gas Phase (1988)

Rate constants and mechanisms for the gas phase reactions of atomic oxygen O(3P) with organic compounds having only saturated C–C bonds are compiled and critically evaluated. Data are given for the alkanes, cycloalkanes, haloalkanes, oxygen and nitrogen containing organic compounds, and free radicals. In addition, data are given for some miscellaneous compounds containing boron, silicon, germane, and mercury. From a critical examination of the data, recommended values for rate constants are given over specified temperature intervals or at specified temperatures. Error limits are assigned to all recommended values.
Global Tissue Revolutions in a Morphogenetic Movement Controlling Elongation (2011)

Polarized cell behaviors drive axis elongation in animal embryos, but the mechanisms underlying elongation of many tissues remain unknown. Eggs of Drosophila undergo elongation from a sphere to an ellipsoid during oogenesis. We used live imaging of follicles (developing eggs) to elucidate the cellular basis of egg elongation. We find that elongating follicles undergo repeated rounds of circumferential rotation around their long axes. Follicle epithelia mutant for integrin or collagen IV fail to rotate and elongate, which results in round eggs. We present evidence that polarized rotation is required to build a polarized, fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) that constrains tissue shape. Thus, global tissue rotation is a morphogenetic behavior that uses planar polarity information in the ECM to control tissue elongation.