gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-Base and Protonated Nicotine in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols (2015)

As with other tobacco aerosols, nicotine delivery from e-cigarettes (ECIG) depends on the total nicotine and its partitioning between free-base (Nic) and protonated (NicH(+)) forms. Previous studies of ECIG nicotine emissions have generally reported "nicotine yield" without attention to whether the methods employed resulted in quantification of the total nicotine or only one of its forms, making reported results difficult to compare across studies or to evaluate against reported blood exposure. This study reports a convenient solvent extraction method for determining total nicotine and its partitioning in ECIG liquids and aerosols by gas chromatography. Commercial ECIG liquids and aerosols were analyzed, and it was found that most of the nicotine was in the Nic form, with aerosols exhibiting higher Nic fraction than the parent liquids. Apparent pH was found to correlate with nicotine partitioning and can provide a useful indirect measure when chromatography is unavailable. Finally, labeled ECIG liquid nicotine concentration in commercial products was often inconsistent with measured nicotine.
Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Gauge (1969)

Two capacitive pressure gauges which have been used extensively in the study of liquid and solid helium are described. The first gauge, constructed of Be–Cu, has a sensitivity of Δp∼2×10−6 atm for pressures of 100 atm. It is highly stable, has essentially no hysteresis, and is affected very little by changes in temperature below 4.2 K. The second gauge is of nylon construction and is suitable for NMR or with paramagnetic salt thermometry. A detailed description of the construction and use of both gauges is given.
Virtual Reality Madness 1996 (1993)

This do-it-yourself virtual reality kit shows how you can use full working versions of Virus VR Stereo, 3D Ware Personal Edition, PhotoMorph 2.0 and Vistrapro 1.0 and Superscape Visualiser to build realistic, interactive virtual worlds and artificial realities.
The 'Y2K bug': how to ease hospital equipment into the next millennium. (1999)

The advent of the 21st century is unlikely to wreak as much technologic havoc as the doomsayers have predicted. The Y2K problem is addressed by new programs that use a four-digit year code. Although hospitals must prioritize technology for Y2K compliance, they also need to address the issue actively: 2000 is less than 18 months away!
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha--> hypoxia response element--> VEGF cascade differentially regulates vascular response and growth rate in tumors. (2000)

Although tumors can activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter in host stromal cells, the relative contribution to VEGF production of host versus tumor cells and the resulting vascular response have not been quantitated to date. To this end, we implanted VEGF-/- and wild-type (WT) embryonic stem (ES) cells in transparent dorsal skin windows in severe combined immunodeficient mice. VEGF-/- ES cell-derived tumors produced approximately 50% of VEGF compared with the WT tumors, suggesting significant contribution of host stromal cells. To discern the hypoxia-induced hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha --> hypoxia response element (HRE) --> VEGF signaling cascade, we also examined tumors derived from HIF-1alpha-/- and HRE-/- ES cells. As expected, the VEGF protein level in HIF-1alpha-/- ES tumors was intermediate between VEGF-/- and WT ES cell tumors. Surprisingly, HRE-/- ES tumors produced the same level of VEGF as the VEGF-/- ES tumors, suggesting a critical role of HRE in tumor cell VEGF production. Angiogenesis in these tumors was proportional to their VEGF levels (VEGF-/- approximate to HRE-/- < HIF-1alpha-/- < WT). In contrast, vascular permeability, leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and tumor growth were reduced in VEGF-/- and HRE-/- tumors but were comparable in HIF-1a-/- and WT tumors. This discrepancy suggests that different intracellular signaling pathways may be involved in each of these functions of VEGF. More importantly, these data suggest that host cells are active players in tumor angiogenesis and growth and need to be taken into account in the design of any therapeutic strategy.
Epithelial Stem Cells (2011)

It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases, such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa, and alopecias. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds, and ulcers will benefit from stem cell-related therapies. However, there are many questions that need to be answered before this goal can be realized. The most important of these questions is what regulates the adhesion of stem cells to the niche versus migration to the site of injury. We have started to identify the mechanisms involved in this decision-making process.
Quantum Mechanics and the Relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi Equation (1964)

In this paper, we show that the Klein-Gordon quantum-mechanical operator, operating on the function ${e}^{\frac{\mathrm{iS}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}}$, where $S$ is the relativistic action of a free particle or of a particle in a field defined by a four vector, is completely equivalent to the relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi equation, provided one takes into account the vanishing of the divergence of the energy-momentum four vector. From this we see that classical relativistic mechanics can be formulated in terms of operators which are identical with those used in quantum mechanics.
Surfaces for interfacing protein gel electrophoresis directly with mass spectrometry (1995)

Abstract Molecular biologists and biochemists often transfer proteins separated by gel electrophoresis to membranes, such as PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) and nitrocellulose, for further characterization. MALDI‐MS (matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) can analyze proteins and peptides on a wide variety of surfaces. This review surveys the suitability of membranes and surfaces used by molecular biologists and biochemists as mass spectrometric surfaces. Matrix application considerations are reviewed. The identification of proteins by comparing the masses of peptides generated by on‐membrane digestion of proteins with theoretical digestion of database proteins is discussed. The prospects for mass spectrometric sequencing of individual peptides on membranes are presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The system organization of MOBIDIC B (1959)

MOBIDIC B is an all transistorized, militarized computer mounted in a standard Army trailer. It is a general-purpose, parallel, binary, synchronous, fixed point, and duplexed data processing system.
Orthoamide, XIX. Darstellung und Reaktionen substituierter Amidacetale (1971)

Abstract Carbonsäureamide ( 1 ) werden mit Triäthyloxonium‐tetrafluoroborat zu den entsprechenden Carbonium‐tetrafluoroboraten ( 2 ) alkyliert, die sich mit Natriumäthylat bei 0° in der Regel zu den Amidacetalen ( 3 ) umsetzen lassen. Aus 3 und nukleophilen Substanzen entstehen bei 80° unter Äthanolabspaltung die entsprechenden Aminomethylen‐Verbindungen.
Perturbation theory of resonant cavities (1960)

A detailed derivation is given of the perturbation formula for the frequency shift on introducing a sample of ferrite or dielectric material into a resonant cavity. The purpose of this is to make clear what assumptions are involved in the derivation; it is necessary to appreciate what these assumptions are in order to design accurate experiments.
Position-independent germline transformation in<i>Drosophila</i>using a cuticle pigmentation gene as a selectable marker (1992)

P element mediated germline transformation is an essential part of the analysis of gene function in Drosophila melanogaster. This method allows for efficient introduction of single copies of genes into random positions within the genome (1). The generation of multiple transformed lines is required, as some genes display variable expression patterns depending on the insertion site (2, 3). Elimination of chromosomal position-effects would be of utility since it would remove the necessity to study a large number of independent transformed lines. Recently, the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] protein was found to isolate the mini-white
Digitally controlled pulse-width-pulse-position modulator in an 1.2V 65 nm CMOS technology (2011)

This paper presents a pulse-width and position modulator (PWPM) topology suitable for digital centric polar transmitter frontends suitable for software defined radios. PWPM enables the usage of highly efficient switching-mode power amplifiers (SMPA) and direct control of the output power. The presented first implementation of the modulator targets 3GPP and Long Term Evolution (LTE) base-stations and mobile devices operating in the bands E-UTRA frequency bands V, V I and XX. The proposed modulator generates all possible phases by a delay lock loop. A combination of two multiplexer circuits and an AND-gate allows to digitally select the wanted phase and duty cycle. The achievable phase and time resolution is 11:2° and 35 ps at 900MHz, which is sufficient for these applications. The feasibility of the implementation was verified by simulations on extracted layouts.
A Result of the Signal Processing (2010)

A result of signal periodicity for communications is given by means of the analysis and computing method.
From total order to database replication (2003)

This paper presents in detail an efficient and provably correct algorithm for database replication over partitionable networks. Our algorithm avoids the need for end-to-end acknowledgments for each action while supporting network partitions and merges and allowing dynamic instantiation of new replicas. One round of end-to-end acknowledgments is required only upon a membership change event such as a network partition. New actions may be introduced to the system at any point, not only while in a primary component. We show how performance can be further improved for applications that allow relaxation of consistency requirements. We provide experimental results that demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
A Hydrogen Evolution Method for Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil Wells (1952)

A method of inhibitor evaluation based on measurement of hydrogen evolved during corrosion, apparatus used, evaluation procedure and typical test results are given. The method was developed to simulate oil well corrosion as closely as possible and still give rapid evaluation results. Hot brine is passed continuously by an iron coupon and subsequently discharged from the system to prevent build-up of corrosion products. Simulation of fluid flow is accomplished by rotating the sample and provision is made for introduction of a gas in the brine. The gas and liquid leaving the iron coupon are separated and the amount of hydrogen in the gas stream determined. This provides a means of continuously measuring the rate of hydrogen evolution and consequently of the corrosion rate. Effect of a chemical on this rate is determined by injecting it into the flow stream in front of the sample and recording the change in rate of hydrogen evolution. Oil is not used in the liquid stream because oil well corrosion is an ionic process and occurs only when metal is in contact with water.
Antitumour effect of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16INK4A, p18INK4C, p19INK4D, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1) on malignant glioma cells (2003)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are considered as novel anticancer agents because of their ability to induce growth arrest or apoptosis in tumour cells. It has not yet been fully determined, however, which CDKI is the best candidate for the treatment of malignant gliomas and whether normal brain tissues are affected by CDKI expression. Using recombinant adenoviral vectors that express CDKIs (p16(INK4A), p18(INK4C), p19(INK4D), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1)), we compared the antitumour effect of CDKIs on malignant glioma cell lines (A172, GB-1, T98G, U87-MG, U251-MG and U373-MG). p27(KIP1) showed higher ability to suppress the growth of all tumour cells tested than other CDKIs. Interestingly, overexpression of p27(KIP1) induced autophagic cell death, but not apoptosis in tumour cells. On the other hand, p27(KIP1) overexpression did not inhibit the viability of cultured astrocytes (RNB) nor induced autophagy. Overall, our findings suggest that gene transfer of p27(KIP1) may be a promising approach for the therapy of malignant gliomas.
Towards integrated runtime solutions in QoS-aware middleware (2001)

Future-generation multimedia applications are expected to be highly scalable to a wide variety of heterogeneous devices, and highly available across wide-area distributed environments. This demands multiple stages of run-time support in QoS-aware middleware architectures, particularly, probing the performance of QoS parameters, instantiating the initial component configurations, and adapting to on-the-fly variations. In this paper, we review past experiences and lessons learned in our existing architectures with respect to run-time support, and present a novel approach to unify these stages into an integrated run-time middleware architecture, so that multimedia applications are monitored and configured in a coherent fashion.
The microstructure of colloidal silver: evidence for a polytetrahedral growth sequence (1987)

D. G. Duff, A. C. Curtis, P. P. Edwards, D. A. Jefferson, B. F. G. Johnson and D. E. Logan, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1264 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001264
High Ringxiety: Attachment Anxiety Predicts Experiences of Phantom Cell Phone Ringing (2015)

Mobile cell phone users have reported experiencing ringing and/or vibrations associated with incoming calls and messages, only to find that no call or message had actually registered. We believe this phenomenon can be understood as a human signal detection issue, with potentially important influences from psychological attributes. We hypothesized that individuals higher in attachment anxiety would report more frequent phantom cell phone experiences, whereas individuals higher in attachment avoidance would report less frequent experiences. If these experiences are primarily psychologically related to attributes of interpersonal relationships, associations with attachment style should be stronger than for general sensation seeking. We also predicted that certain contexts would interact with attachment style to increase or decrease the likelihood of experiencing phantom cell phone calls and messages. Attachment anxiety directly predicted the frequency of phantom ringing and notification experiences, whereas attachment avoidance and sensation seeking did not directly predict frequency. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance interacted with contextual factors (expectations for a call or message and concerned about an issue that one may be contacted about) in the expected directions for predicting phantom cell phone experiences.
Wavelength division multiplexing light source with integrated quantum well tunable lasers and optical amplifiers (1989)

We describe a photonic integrated circuit composed of three 1.5 μm wavelength multiple quantum well tunable lasers with a passive optical power combiner and an optical output amplifier. Independent channel operation with 1–2 mW/channel output power is demonstrated.
Inhibition of human DNA polymerase alpha by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. (1986)

alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin (ACT), which is known as an efficient serum protease inhibitor and is detected in tumor cell nuclei, was found to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase alpha purified from human stomach adenocarcinoma. The concentration of ACT required for 50% inhibition was 1.0 mg/ml and the manner of its inhibition showed the partially competitive relationship between ACT and DNA in the assay system. Furthermore the removal of ACT by anti-ACT antibody lost its antichymotryptic and anti-DNA polymerase activities in parallel. On the other hand, it did not inhibit the activity of human DNA polymerase beta. Other human serum proteins including serum albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and immunoglobulin G as well as other protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and chymostatin did not affect the activity of DNA polymerase alpha. Furthermore ACT heated at 60 degrees C did not inhibit DNA polymerase alpha, although it could still bind to DNA as well as native ACT. It was therefore concluded that the inhibitory action of ACT on DNA polymerase alpha was a direct phenomenon unrelated to its protease inhibitory or DNA binding activities.
The ?32 deletion of CCR5 receptor in rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

View article in HTML via Journals@Ovid Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dietary Alteration of Particle Breakdown and Passage from the Rumen in Lactating Dairy Cattle (1988)

To evaluate the effect of dietary alteration on the rates of ruminal small particle passage or large particle breakdown, six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows 90 d postpartum were used in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Experimental diets were 1) control: 60% concentrate, 40% corn silage; 2) bicarbonate: 60% concentrate (containing 2% sodium bicarbonate), 40% corn silage; and 3) hay: 60% concentrate, 30% corn silage, and 10% long alfalfa hay on a DM basis. Dry matter intake (kg/d), milk production (kg/d), percentage milk fat, rumination (min/d), ruminal fluid outflow (L/d), small particle (150 to 850 micron) passage rate (%h), and large particle (greater than 4.25 mm) breakdown rate for diets control, bicarbonate, and hay were 20.2, 20.9, 22.4; 26.6, 27.7, 26.8; 3.5, 3.6, 3.2; 405, 350, 370; 167, 184, 185; 6.5, 7.6, 7.4; and 7.2, 6.8, 7.4, respectively. Rumen DM content and digesta particle size were reduced at the end of a 24-h feeding period. Data suggested that small particle passage may be more closely related to ruminal fluid outflow and DM intake than large particle breakdown rate.
Light Alterated Changes in the Embroynic Age Versus Incubation Age of White Leghorn Embryos (1976)

White Leghorn eggs were incubated in the dark or under two 20-Watt cool white flourescent tubes. The embryos were collected and staged according to somite number and other anatomical observations. Embryos from lighted eggs were significantly more advanced in embryonic age within 24 hours than embryos from the dark. By the end of 10 days no further acceleration of development by light was significant.
The influence of temperature on phagocytosis (1908)

Abstract Recent work has shown that the phagocytosis of micro-organisms is a complex phenomenon, involving at least two factors, viz.: (1) the sensitisation of the micro-organism by the opsonin of the blood serum, and (2) the phagocytic act of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte. The latter function has been known for many years to be markedly influenced by temperature. It appeared desirable, however, to ascertain whether, by the modern quantitative methods employed in opsonic work, some definite relationship could be found to subsist between degree of temparature and degree of phagocytosis. In the first set of experiments no attempt was made to separate the respectively functions of sensitisation, and amœboid activity of the leucocyte. Both actions were allowed to proceed simultaneously. Consequently, in Series 1 the leucocytes were put in contact with fresh serum and micro-organisms (staphylococci), and incubated together at different temperatures for the same period of time. Thereafter the number of cocci taken up per leucocyte was calculated on stained films in the usual way. The Staphylococcus aureus employed was an old laboratory strain.
Postural and driving control of the variable-configuration-type parallel bicycle. (1990)

The authors have developed a new type of parallel bicycle which can vary its configuration and change locomotion mode according to the working conditions or circumstances. The fundamental components of the vehicle are an inverted-pendulum-type parallel bicycle, a working arm and a controlling arm. By combining the components, three kinds of the configurations can be realized : a parallel bicycle with a working arm and an L-shaped controlling arm, a double-steered wheeler with a controlling arm, and a four-wheeled vehicle with a working arm. This paper describes the control methods of motions obtained with the first-type parallel bicycle with a working arm and an L-shaped controlling arm, and experimental results. The postural and driving control using the controlling arm is very useful and the motion of the working arm is well controlled by it. When an auxiliary wheel is installed at the tip of the working arm and the arm is lowered until it touches the ground, the vehicle is converted into a tri-wheeled car. Conversion from the two-wheeler to the tri-wheeler and the inverse conversion are also successfully attained by the intelligent control method proposed here.
Calculation of Auger rates in a quantum well structure and its application to InGaAsP quantum well lasers (1983)

We discuss the possible intrinsic limitation on the temperature dependence of threshold current of long wavelength InGaAsP quantum well lasers caused by Auger recombination and intervalence band absorption. A model calculation of the various band-to-band Auger rates are presented. We find that the Auger rates increase with decreasing band gap and also with increasing temperature as in the case of bulk semiconductors. The temperature dependence and the band-gap dependence arises from the energy and momentum conservation (in the direction normal to the well) that the four particle states involved must satisfy. The estimated Auger coefficient is large enough to be important in single quantum well lasers. However, the Auger effect should be much smaller in a multiquantum well laser than for a single quantum well laser. This is because the carrier density at threshold is smaller (by a factor of 3 to 4) for multiquantum well lasers than for single quantum well lasers. The increased intervalence band absorption with increasing temperature in the active layer may not be responsible for increased threshold current of single quantum well lasers.
Noncoherent approach to through-the-wall radar localization (2006)

A noncoherent through-the-wall radar system approach, based on stepped-frequency signal synthesis and trilateration technique, is presented. This approach involves multiple independent monostatic radar units and as such, provides flexibility in positioning the units with various standoff distances and inter-element spacing. The performance of the proposed noncoherent localization system was demonstrated using simulated and real data. The results show that the radar is able to detect and locate multiple targets behind walls