gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pLSM: A Highly Efficient LSM-Tree Index Supporting Real-Time Big Data Analysis (2013)

Big Data boosts the development of data management and analysis in database systems but it also poses a challenge to traditional database. NoSQL databases are provided to deal with the new challenges brought by Big Data because of its high performance, storage, scalability and availability. In NoSQL databases, it is an essential requirement to provide scalable and efficient index services for real-time data analysis. Most existing index solutions focus on improving write throughput, but at the cost of poor read performance. We designed a new plug-in system PuntStore with pLSM (Punt Log Structured Merge Tree) index engine. To improve read performance, Cache Oblivious Look-ahead Array (COLA) is adopted in our design. We also presented a novel compact algorithm in bulk deletion to support migration of data from temporary storage to data warehouse for further analysis.
Fun with the Friis free-space transmission formula (1993)

Four methods of deriving the Friis transmission formula are presented. The methods are the standard derivation, Fresnel optics derivation, Gaussian-beam derivation, and mode derivation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ciguatoxin enhances quantal transmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals (1990)

1. Ciguatoxin (CTX), a marine toxin produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, is responsible for a complex endemic disease in man known as ciguatera fish poisoning. In the present study we have investigated the effects of purified CTX extracted for Gymnothorax javanicus moray-eel liver on frog isolated neuromuscular preparations with conventional electrophysiological techniques. 2. CTX (1-2.5 nM) applied to cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparations induced, after a short delay, spontaneous fibrillations of the muscle fibres that could be suppressed with 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by formamide to uncouple excitation-contraction. 3. In preparations treated with formamide, CTX (1-2.5 nM) caused either spontaneous or repetitive muscle action potentials (up to frequencies of 60-100 Hz) in response to a single nerve stimulus. Recordings performed at extrajunctional regions of the muscle membrane revealed that during the repetitive firing a prolongation of the repolarizing phase of the action potential occurred. At junctional sites the repetitive action potentials were triggered by repetitive endplate potentials (e.p.ps). 4. CTX (2.5 nM) caused a TTX-sensitive depolarization of the muscle membrane. 5. In junctions equilibrated in solutions containing high Mg2+ + low Ca2+, addition of CTX (1.5 nM) first induced an average increase of 239 +/- 36% in the mean quantal content of e.p.ps. Subsequently CTX reduced and finally blocked nerve-evoked transmitter release irreversibly. 6. CTX (1.5-2.5 nM) increased the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.ps) in junctions bathed either in normal Ringer, low Ca2(+)-high Mg2+ medium or in a nominally Ca2(+)-free solution containing EGTA.2+ Extensive washing with toxin-free solutions did not reverse the effect. Furthermore, Cd2 + (0.1 mM), a potent calcium channel blocker, neither antagonized nor abolished the increase in transmitter release caused by CTX. 7. TTX (1 microM) completely prevented the effect of CTX (2.5nM) on m.e.p.p. frequency. This effect was independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2 +. TTX, when added after CTX (2.5 nM) exposure, antagonized the increase in m.e.p.p. frequency. The antagonism was complete in Ca2 +-free medium. These results strongly suggest that increased permeability of the nerve terminal to Na+ is responsible for the increase in m.e.p.p. frequency caused by CTX. It is likely that CTX may trigger calcium release from internal stores due to an increase of intraterminal Na+ concentration. 8. It is concluded that CTX exerts, in the nanomolar concentration range, a selective action on sodium channels of the neuromuscular junction causing both pre- and postsynaptic effects.
Automatic modeling of user specific words for a speaker independent recognition system (2002)

The problem addressed in this paper, is the incorporation of user specific words in a speaker independent speech recognition system. No transcription is used to model the new words, modeling is based on a very small number of training utterances only. We investigated two different modeling methods. The first is intended for small vocabulary recognisers. The HMM models for the new words are enhanced by averaging their states with the nearest speaker independent state. This way, the recognition error was reduced by a factor two, and even the noise robustness of the speaker independent models seems to be transferred to the new models. The second method can be used in large vocabulary recognisers. Using a CSR algorithm, a transcription for the new words is found in terms of the subword models in the recogniser. The resulting models perform equally well as the models based on phonetic transcriptions.
Electronic Analysis of Foetal Breathing Movements (1978)

Measurement of foetal breathing movements is becoming more common as a means of monitoring processes occurring in the human foetus. Conventional time-period analysis of breathing movements is prone to error owing to their complexity, and it is laborious lo decipher tiny frequency pattern. The described apparatus has been designed to give an on-line visual indication of the instantaneous frequency of foetal breathing movements when measured by a time-distance recorder connected to an echoscope. It is affected insignificantly by spurious signals, and can be built cheaply with easily-available components. Practical trials suggest that frequency analysis by this device can be of value for examining episodes of continuous breathing movements in the foetus.
Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles from Evaporating Droplets: Role of DLVO Interactions and Proposition of a Phase Diagram (2010)

The shape of deposits obtained from drying drops containing colloidal particles matters for technologies such as inkjet printing, microelectronics, and bioassay manufacturing. In this work, the formation of deposits during the drying of nanoliter drops containing colloidal particles is investigated experimentally with microscopy and profilometry, and theoretically with an in-house finite-element code. The system studied involves aqueous drops containing titania nanoparticles evaporating on a glass substrate. Deposit shapes from spotted drops at different pH values are measured using a laser profilometer. Our results show that the pH of the solution influences the dried deposit pattern, which can be ring-like or more uniform. The transition between these patterns is explained by considering how DLVO interactions such as the electrostatic and van der Waals forces modify the particle deposition process. Also, a phase diagram is proposed to describe how the shape of a colloidal deposit results from the competition among three flow patterns: a radial flow driven by evaporation at the wetting line, a Marangoni recirculating flow driven by surface tension gradients, and the transport of particles toward the substrate driven by DLVO interactions. This phase diagram explains three types of deposits commonly observed experimentally, such as a peripheral ring, a small central bump, or a uniform layer. Simulations and experiments are found in very good agreement.
Site-to-Site Variation of Glucose in Interstitial Fluid Samples and Correlation to Venous Plasma Glucose (1999)

The importance of determining ambient glycemia for patients with diabetes is well known. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial completed in 1993 clearly indicated the importance of frequent testing of blood glucose for the management and control of the disease (1). The current method used by diabetic patients for self-monitoring of blood glucose involves lancing a fingertip to obtain a blood sample for testing. The inconvenience of dealing with a blood sample as well as the pain involved with obtaining the sample are often mentioned as reasons for noncompliance to routine glucose monitoring by patients with diabetes. To circumvent these limitations, minimally invasive and noninvasive methods for measuring blood glucose are currently being developed and scrutinized by several investigators. The noninvasive strategies generally adopt optical methodologies to “sample” tissue. The minimally invasive strategies generally attempt to sample a body fluid other than blood through skin penetration or by pulling a fluid sample through the skin. Each of the methodologies raises new questions about the clinical relevance of the glucose measurement that might be made on the tissue or fluid sampled.

A method for sampling interstitial fluid (ISF) from which glucose can be measured has been developed in our laboratory. Studies have suggested that glucose concentrations in ISF samples collected via this method closely reflect ambient glycemia (2) and that there is not a clinical difference …
Enhanced μ-Opioid Responses in the Spinal Cord of Mice Lacking Protein Kinase Cγ Isoform (2001)

The protein kinase C (PKC)gamma isoform is a major pool of the PKC family in the mammalian spinal cord. PKCgamma is distributed strategically in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn and, thus, may serve as an important biochemical substrate in sensory signal processing including pain. Here we report that mu-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia/antinociception and activation of G-proteins in the spinal cord are enhanced in PKCgamma knockout mice. In contrast, delta- and kappa-opioidergic and ORL-1 receptor-mediated activation of G-proteins in PKCgamma knockout mice was not altered significantly relative to the wild-type mice. Deletion of PKCgamma had no significant effect on the mRNA product of spinal mu-opioid receptors but caused an increase of maximal binding of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [3H][d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin in spinal cord membranes obtained from PKCgamma knockout mice. These findings suggest that deletion of PKCgamma genes protects the functional mu-opioid receptors from degradation by phosphorylation. More importantly the present data provide direct evidence that PKCgamma constitutes an essential pathway through which phosphorylation of mu-opioid receptors occurs.
Early lesions in experimental bladder cancer: experimental design and light microscopic findings. (1976)

N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) fed to male and female Fischer rats at a dose of 0.2% of the diet induces lesions of the urinary bladder which progress from mild hyperplasia at 2 to 4 weeks, to moderate hyperplasia at 6 to 8 weeks, severe nodular and papillary hyperplasia at 10 to 14 weeks, and microinvasive carcinomas by 25 weeks as observed by light microscopy. Male Fischer rats fed FANFT for 2 to 4 weeks and then maintained on control diet show regression of the bladder lesions within 2 weeks to normal-appearing mucosa which persists through 50 weeks. Rats fed FANFT for 6 weeks show regression of the moderately hyperplastic epithelium to normal within 4 weeks after being placed on control diet which persists through 50 weeks. Rats fed FANFT for 8 to 10 weeks show regression of the hyperplastic bladder epithelium within 2 weeks of receiving control diet, but focal areas of mild hyperplasia are detectable through the 20th week of the experiment. By the 50th week the rats fed FANFT for 8 weeks all had moderate to marked hyperplasia, but the rats fed FANFT for 10 weeks had transitional cell tumors, one of which was invasive through the entire thickness of the bladder wall. The lesions present in rats fed FANFT for 12, 14, or 20 weeks continued to progress to invasive tumors (microinvasive or invasion of muscle) after the rats had been maintained on control diet through 50 weeks. Thus, the hyperplastic lesions developing through 6 weeks of FANFT administration appear to be reversible if FANFT is discontinued, but later lesions appear to be irreversible.
Antenna Preprocessing and Element-Pattern Shaping for Multi-Band mmWave Arrays: Multi-Port Transmitters and Antennas (2020)

Classical MIMO arrays employ a series of identical transceiver elements with periodically spaced identical and static antenna elements at a given frequency. The fixed antenna spacing limits the frequency of operation of the array due to the appearance of severe grating lobes at frequencies where the spacing approaches one wavelength. In this article, we propose element-level programmability, where each element in an array can be independently reconfigured to synthesize a set of element patterns. Through the control of element lobe and notch, new array patterns can be synthesized with strict control of side and grating lobes over a wide spectral range for multi-band arrays. In addition, we present the co-design methodology between the unit transmitter element and the integrated electromagnetic (EM) interface that allows broadband operation and unique antenna-level processing of signals that are distinct from classical arrays. This includes signal combination through the antenna, thus creating reconfigurable element patterns, dual beams for supporting wide angles of arrival and departure, and processing of more than one independent data stream in a single radiating surface (and reciprocal properties in a receiver). As a proof of concept, we present a four-port transmitter and EM interface implemented in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process. The chip demonstrates a wide effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) bandwidth approximately across 40-70 GHz at the broadside and a peak EIRP of 25.6 dBm at 60 GHz with the ability to create a wide array of transmitter element patterns in a single aperture. The multi-functional EM interface and the broadband transmitters can enable future efficient and compact MIMO arrays for reliable links exploiting frequency and pattern diversities.
The optimal timing of radiotherapy for refractory choroidal hemangioma and its relationship with the curative effect (2019)

Objective
To investigate the relationship between the timing and the curative effect of radiotherapy in the treatment of refractory choroidal hemangioma.


Methods
Clinical data of 23 patients (23 eyes) who were diagnosed with refractory choroidal hemangioma from August 2005 to August 2016 and treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Routine fractional radiotherapy was performed. The total dose of routine radiotherapy was 24 Gy (3 Gy/8F) for 14 eyes, 34 Gy (2 Gy/17F) for five eyes and 46 Gy (2 Gy/23F) for four eyes, respectively. Patients were divided into the low-and high-dose groups, early-and late-radiotherapy groups, and active-and expectant-treatment groups according to the total dose of radiotherapy, whether they received active-or expectant-treatment before radiotherapy, and whether the time interval between the incidence of initial symptoms and the time of receiving radiotherapy exceeded one year. The curative effect between two groups was statistically compared by Fisher′s exact test.


Results
A total of 70%(16/23) of the affected eyes were cured at 6 months after radiotherapy. The effective rate in the diseased eyes receiving radiotherapy within 1 year after the onset of initial symptoms was significantly higher than that in those receiving radiotherapy over 1 year (P 0.05).


Conclusions
Radiatherapy is a safe and effective treatment of refratory choroidal hemangioma. Early radiotherapy contributes to the recovery of visual acuity of the affected eyes.


Key words: 
Choroidal neoplasm/radiotherapy; Hemangioma/radiotherapy; Treatment outcome
Resource monitoring and management with OVIS to enable HPC in cloud computing environments (2009)

Using the cloud computing paradigm, a host of companies promise to make huge compute resources available to users on a pay-as-you-go basis. These resources can be configured on the fly to provide the hardware and operating system of choice to the customer on a large scale. While the current target market for these resources in the commercial space is Web development/hosting, this model has the lure of savings of ownership, operation, and maintenance costs, and thus sounds like an attractive solution for people who currently invest millions to hundreds of millions of dollars annually on high performance computing (HPC) platforms in order to support large-scale scientific simulation codes. Given the current interconnect bandwidth and topologies utilized in these commercial offerings, however, the only current viable market in HPC would be small-memory-footprint embarrassingly parallel or loosely coupled applications, which inherently require little to no inter-processor communication. While providing the appropriate resources (bandwidth, latency, memory, etc.) for the HPC community would increase the potential to enable HPC in cloud environments, this would not address the need for scalability and reliability, crucial to HPC applications. Providing for these needs is particularly difficult in commercial cloud offerings where the number of virtual resources can far outstrip the number of physical resources, the resources are shared among many users, and the resources may be heterogeneous. Advanced resource monitoring, analysis, and configuration tools can help address these issues, since they bring the ability to dynamically provide and respond to information about the platform and application state and would enable more appropriate, efficient, and flexible use of the resources key to enabling HPC. Additionally such tools could be of benefit to non-HPC cloud providers, users, and applications by providing more efficient resource utilization in general.
Effect of apex excision and replacement by 1‐naphthylacetic acid on cytokinin concentration and apical dominance in pea plants (1995)

As known from literature lateral buds from pea ( Pisum sativum ) plants are released from apical dominance when repeatedly treated with exogenous cytokinins. Little is known, however, about the endogenous role of cytokinins in this process and whether they interact with basipolar transported IAA, generally regarded as the main signal controlling apical dominance. This paper presents evidence that such an interaction exists. The excision of the apex of pea plants resulted in the release of inhibited lateral buds from apical dominance (AD). This could be entirely prevented by applying 1‐naphthylacetic acid (NAA) to the cut end of the shoot. Removal of the apex also resulted in a rapid and rather large increase in the endogenous concentrations of zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyladenosine (iAdo) and an as yet unidentified polar zeatin derivative in the node and internode below the point of decapitation. This accumulation of ZR and iAdo, was strongly reduced by the application of NAA. The observed increase in cytokinin concentration preceded the elongation of the lateral buds, suggesting that endogenous cytokinins play a significant role in the release of lateral buds from AD. However, the effect of NAA on the concentration of cytokinins clearly demonstrated the dominant role of the polar basipetally transported auxin in AD. The results suggest a mutual interaction between the basipolar IAA transport system and cytokinins obviously produced in the roots and transported via the xylem into the stem of the pea plants.
Modulation of Neutrophil Chemokine Receptors by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Supernate (2000)

In a previous study, we showed that Staphylococcus aureus supernate (SaS) is a potent agonist for both neutrophils and mononuclear cells. To further investigate the immunomodulating effects of SaS, the effect on different neutrophil receptors was studied. Expression of various neutrophil receptors, before and after treatment with SaS, was quantified by flow cytometry. We found that SaS treatment of neutrophils resulted in a specific and total downregulation of the C5a and the fMLP receptor, both serpentine receptors, while other receptors were totally unaffected. Since these two receptors are both involved in chemotaxis, we tested the effect of SaS in calcium flux and chemotaxis assays. We showed that preincubation with SaS abrogated the rise in intracellular calcium concentration upon triggering with fMLP and C5a. We also showed that SaS is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis towards fMLP and C5a, but does not interfere with chemotaxis towards interleukin-8. These findings indicate that S. aureus produces a virulence factor extracellularly, which impairs chemotaxis towards the infected site.
Fast implementation of DGEMM on Fermi GPU (2011)

In this paper we present a thorough experience on tuning double-precision matrix-matrix multiplication (DGEM-M) on the Fermi GPU architecture. We choose an optimal algorithm with blocking in both shared memory and registers to satisfy the constraints of the Fermi memory hierarchy. Our optimization strategy is further guided by a performance modeling based on micro-architecture benchmarks. Our optimizations include software pipelining, use of vector memory operations, and instruction scheduling. Our best CUDA algorithm achieves comparable performance with the latest CUBLAS library. We further improve upon this with an implementation in the native machine language, leading to 20% increase in performance. That is, the achieved peak performance (efficiency) is improved from 302Gflop/s (58%) to 362Gflop/s (70%).
Chaperone-Usher Fimbriae of Escherichia coli (2013)

Chaperone-usher (CU) fimbriae are adhesive surface organelles common to many Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli genomes contain a large variety of characterised and putative CU fimbrial operons, however, the classification and annotation of individual loci remains problematic. Here we describe a classification model based on usher phylogeny and genomic locus position to categorise the CU fimbrial types of E. coli. Using the BLASTp algorithm, an iterative usher protein search was performed to identify CU fimbrial operons from 35 E. coli (and one Escherichia fergusonnii) genomes representing different pathogenic and phylogenic lineages, as well as 132 Escherichia spp. plasmids. A total of 458 CU fimbrial operons were identified, which represent 38 distinct fimbrial types based on genomic locus position and usher phylogeny. The majority of fimbrial operon types occupied a specific locus position on the E. coli chromosome; exceptions were associated with mobile genetic elements. A group of core-associated E. coli CU fimbriae were defined and include the Type 1, Yad, Yeh, Yfc, Mat, F9 and Ybg fimbriae. These genes were present as intact or disrupted operons at the same genetic locus in almost all genomes examined. Evaluation of the distribution and prevalence of CU fimbrial types among different pathogenic and phylogenic groups provides an overview of group specific fimbrial profiles and insight into the ancestry and evolution of CU fimbriae in E. coli.