gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Method for Measuring Transient Surface Temperatures with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution (1972)

Rapid temperature fluctuations occurring at the surfaces of solids over areas as small as a few wavelengths in diameter can be measured by a new technique. The sample is coated with a semiconductor film which exhibits a suitable shift of its absorption edge with temperature. It is shown that changes in the transmission of an incident monochromatic beam can be used to measure the thermal transients of the underlying surface with a spatial resolution as high as ∼1λ and a temporal resolution as high as 1 nsec.
Membrane Attack Complex of Complement in Dermatitis Herpetiformis (1985)

The assembly of membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement implies activation of complement to the attachment of C9 and the presence of MAC on tissue suggests a possible pathogenic role for complement in disease since MAC is able to damage membranes. We examined normal skin of five patients with dermatitis herpetiformis for the presence of MAC using a monoclonal antibody (poly C9-MA) that recognizes a neoantigen of C9 that is not present on monomeric C9 but is common to both isolated MAC and to polymerized C9. Granular deposits of polymerized C9 were found at the sites of IgA deposition in the dermal papillae of normal skin from all patients. The pathologic importance of this finding is uncertain.
pSH4: a mammalian cDNA expression vector (1990)

Journal Article pSH4: a mammalian cDNA expression vector Get access Haren A. Vasavada, Haren A. Vasavada * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Subinay Ganguly, Subinay Ganguly * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Chorney, Michael Chorney 1Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Pennsylvania College of Medicine, Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PA 17033 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rajesh Mathur, Rajesh Mathur Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hridayabhiranjan Shukla, Hridayabhiranjan Shukla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anand Swaroop, Anand Swaroop 2Department of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, University of Michigan1000 Wall Street, Rm. 540, Ann Arbor, Ml 48105, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherman M. Weissman Sherman M. Weissman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 12, 25 June 1990, Page 3668, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.12.3668 Published: 25 June 1990 Article history Received: 01 May 1990 Published: 25 June 1990
Synthesis of a 6-Methyl-7-deaza Analogue of Adenosine That Potently Inhibits Replication of Polio and Dengue Viruses (2010)

Bioisosteric deaza analogues of 6-methyl-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine, a hydrophobic analogue of adenosine, were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. Whereas the 1-deaza and 3-deaza analogues were essentially inactive in plaque assays of infectivity, a novel 7-deaza-6-methyl-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine analogue, structurally related to the natural product tubercidin, potently inhibited replication of poliovirus (PV) in HeLa cells (IC(50) = 11 nM) and dengue virus (DENV) in Vero cells (IC(50) = 62 nM). Selectivity against PV over cytotoxic effects to HeLa cells was >100-fold after incubation for 7 h. Mechanistic studies of the 5'-triphosphate of 7-deaza-6-methyl-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine revealed that this compound is an efficient substrate of PV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and is incorporated into RNA mimicking both ATP and GTP.
Mechanobiology of Craniofacial Sutures (2002)

Craniofacial sutures are soft connective-tissue joints between mineralized skull bones. Suture mechanobiology refers to the understanding of how mechanical stimuli modulate sutural growth. This review's hypothesis is that novel mechanical stimuli can effectively modulate sutural growth. Exogenous forces with static, sinusoidal, and square waveforms induce corresponding waveforms of sutural strain. Sutural growth is accelerated upon small doses of oscillatory strain, as few as 600 cycles delivered 10 min/day over 12 days. Interestingly, both oscillatory tensile and compressive strains induce anabolic sutural responses beyond natural growth. Mechanistically, oscillatory strain likely turns on genes and transcription factors that activate cellular machinery via mechanotransduction pathways. Thus, sutural growth is determined by hereditary and mechanical signals via the common pathway of genes. It is concluded that small doses of oscillatory mechanical stimuli have the potential to modulate sutural growth effectively: either accelerating it or initiating net sutural bone resorption for various therapeutic objectives.
Learning with non-positive kernels (2004)

In this paper we show that many kernel methods can be adapted to deal with indefinite kernels, that is, kernels which are not positive semidefinite. They do not satisfy Mercer's condition and they induce associated functional spaces called Reproducing Kernel Kreĭn Spaces (RKKS), a generalization of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS).Machine learning in RKKS shares many "nice" properties of learning in RKHS, such as orthogonality and projection. However, since the kernels are indefinite, we can no longer minimize the loss, instead we stabilize it. We show a general representer theorem for constrained stabilization and prove generalization bounds by computing the Rademacher averages of the kernel class. We list several examples of indefinite kernels and investigate regularization methods to solve spline interpolation. Some preliminary experiments with indefinite kernels for spline smoothing are reported for truncated spectral factorization, Landweber-Fridman iterations, and MR-II.
Essentials of Heat Transfer: Principles, Materials, and Applications (2011)

This textbook teaches students the principles, materials and applications they need to understand and analyze heat transfer problems they will encounter in practice. The emphasis on modern practical problems (including thermoelectric cooling) in numerous examples, sets this apart from other titles. This book discusses heat transfer problems (in search of innovative and optimal solutions) and the engineering analysis, to motivate fundamental principles and analytical problem solving methods. By introducing heat flux tracking, students develop intuition about the central role of heat transfer in engineered systems. The energy conversion mechanisms (to and from thermal energy) are integrated into the treatment, thus allowing for realistic design of thermal systems. Microscale heat carriers are also covered. MATLAB software is included, along with other rich materials available on the website, www.cambridge.org/kaviany. A complete solutions manual for the numerous exercises is available to qualified instructors
An Augmented Reality System for Epidural Anesthesia (AREA): Prepuncture Identification of Vertebrae (2013)

We propose an augmented reality system to identify lumbar vertebral levels to assist in spinal needle insertion for epidural anesthesia. These procedures require careful placement of a needle to ensure effective delivery of anesthetics and to avoid damaging sensitive tissue such as nerves. In this system, a trinocular camera tracks an ultrasound transducer during the acquisition of a sequence of B-mode images. The system generates an ultrasound panorama image of the lumbar spine, automatically identifies the lumbar levels in the panorama image, and overlays the identified levels on a live camera view of the patient's back. Validation is performed to test the accuracy of panorama generation, lumbar level identification, overall system accuracy, and the effect of changes in the curvature of the spine during the examination. The results from 17 subjects demonstrate the feasibility and capability of achieving an error within clinically acceptable range for epidural anaesthesia.
Head-to-head comparison of risedronate vs. teriparatide on bone turnover markers in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomised trial (2008)

Our data suggest that both serum P1NP and CTx are reliable markers of RIS and TPTD action in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In a similar way, serum total ALP can be used as an alternative marker for monitoring both RIS and TPTD action, while iPTH can be used only for TPTD-treated women. The increase in P1NP and CTx after 3 months of treatment with RIS or TPTD can predict the increase in BMD after 12 months of treatment.
Wrapping Individual Chains of a Viologen Polymer with an Ultrathin Silicate Sheath (2002)

Wrapped polymer chains, consisting of a single strand of a positively charged polymer as stuffing and a thin silicate skin, have been obtained by mixing a polymeric viologen bromide and sodium silicate in basic medium. The nanostrands, which are 2.5 nm wide and up to 60 nm long, were visualized by transmission electron microscopy with Gd3+ staining (see Figure, scale bar = 10 nm).
Hedging Performance and Multiscale Relationships in the German Electricity Spot and Futures Markets (2010)

We explore optimal hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness for the German electricity market. Given the increasing attention that wavelets received in the financial market, we concentrate on the investigation of the relationship, covariance/coherence evolution and hedge ratio analysis, on a time-frequency-scale approach (discrete and continuous), between electricity spot and futures. Simpler approaches are also used for comparison purposes like the naïve, OLS and the dynamic multivariate GARCH model in order to account for risk reduction through hedging. Results allow us to conclude that: dynamic hedging strategies provide higher variance reductions in terms of hedging effectiveness; there is poor correlation among spot and futures, not being homogeneous across scales, which condition the effectiveness of the hedging strategy; the long-horizon hedge ratio does not converge to its long run equilibrium of one. Wavelets poor fit in variance reduction is attributed to low coherence and to statistical relationships between spot and futures electricity series. The instability found in various aspects of market comovements may imply serious limitations to the investor’s ability to exploit potential benefits from hedging with futures contracts in electricity markets. Moreover, much variation in the contemporaneous relationship among spot and futures may highlight inadequacy in assuming (short-term) relationships in both markets, which might account for the difficulty in achieving profitable active trading.
Inhibition of Arteriosclerosis by T-Cell Depletion in Normocholesterolemic Rabbits Immunized With Heat Shock Protein 65 (1999)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that arteriosclerotic changes can be induced in normocholesterolemic rabbits by immunization with mycobacterial heat shock protein (hsp) 65. To further investigate the immunologic mechanisms underlying such vascular lesions, 39 male New Zealand White rabbits were treated by triple immunization with fortified Freund's complete adjuvant containing 5 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a source of hsp65 and simultaneous immunosuppressive therapy twice per week with either anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (1 mg/kg) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or prednisolone (1 mg/kg) alone. Sixteen weeks after the first immunization the animals were killed, and as expected, severe arteriosclerotic lesions in the intima of the aortic arch were found in 9 of 10 immunized rabbits. However, only 1 of 10 rabbits immunized and immunosuppressed with the combined anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and prednisolone treatment showed a single moderate lesion in the aorta, whereas 5 of 9 rabbits immunized and immunosuppressed by prednisolone treatment alone showed lesions, albeit mild. In conclusion, the early inflammatory stages of arteriosclerotic lesions induced by immunization with hsp65 can be inhibited by immunosuppressive therapy with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.
Retroperitoneal approach for aortic surgery: is it worth it? (2001)

Our clinical pathway and algorithm for aortic surgery was easily followed by those patients in the retroperitoneal approach group and resulted in decreases in ICU time, postoperative ileus, volume of intraoperative crystalloid and total length of stay. The patients in the transperitoneal group often failed to progress appropriately on the pathway. Reduced hospital costs associated with aortic surgery using the retroperitoneal approach has increased the profitability for this surgery in our institution by an average of $4000 per case and has increased the value (quality/cost) of this surgery to our patients and our institution.
The Geisinger MyCode community health initiative: an electronic health record–linked biobank for precision medicine research (2016)

The MyCode project has created resources that enable a new model for translational research that is faster, more flexible, and more cost-effective than traditional clinical research approaches. The new model is scalable and will increase in value as these resources grow and are adopted across multiple research platforms.Genet Med 18 9, 906-913.
A neglected error source in the CORDIC algorithm (2002)

The coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm is used in computationally intensive systems. To achieve an optimal performance/cost tradeoff, it is crucial to know the error behavior in a given CORDIC circuit and to be able to predict the effect that imposed accuracy specifications will have on the hardware implementations. It is shown that the CORDIC algorithm has an important error source that has been ignored in previous error analyses. Error bounds are given to account for all finite arithmetic effects in the CORDIC algorithm. Simulation data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of these bounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimation and application of discrete spectrum of relaxations for electromagnetic induction responses (2009)

The EMI response of a target can be accurately modeled by a sum of real exponentials. However, it is difficult to obtain the model parameters from measurements when the number of exponentials in the sum is unknown. In this paper, a constrained linear method for estimating the parameters is formulated by enumerating the relaxation parameter space and imposing a nonnegative constraint on the parameters. Using tests on synthetic data and laboratory measurement of known targets the proposed method is shown to provide accurate and stable estimates of the model parameters. The estimated parameters are then used to cluster different targets types for classification.
Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy and neurovascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve for the treatment of facial pain (2006)

Both techniques for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are usefull. Radiofrequency rhizotomy was also efficient to treat symptomatic facial pain, and post-herpetic facial pain, but is not a good technique for atypical facial pain.
Laser based measurement for the monitoring of shaft misalignment (2016)

This paper presents a method for real-time online monitoring of shaft misalignment, which is a common problem in rotating machinery, such as the drive train of wind turbines. A non-contact laser based measurement method is used to monitor positional changes of a rotating shaft in real time while in operation. The results are then used to detect the presence of shaft misalignment. An experimental test rig is designed to measure shaft misalignment and the results from the work show that the technique can be used for the monitoring of both offset and angular shaft misalignment, which will have applications in the condition monitoring and maintenance of various types of rotating machinery.
1.5-μm resolution optical low-coherence reflectometry in biological tissues (1994)

An Optical Low Coherence Reflectometer with a spatial resolution of 1.5 micrometers (FWHM) in biological tissue has been developed. This high resolution is obtained using the fluorescence generated by an Ar-laser pumped Ti-Sapphire crystal. Measurements have been performed on freshly excised pig eyes and bovine mesenteric arterial walls, as examples of transparent and diffusive biological tissues, respectively. The improved spatial resolution is used to determine more precisely optical distances and to resolve details of the intima structure.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibition of phagolysosome biogenesis and autophagy as a host defence mechanism (2006)

A marquee feature of the powerful human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its macrophage parasitism. The intracellular survival of this microorganism rests upon its ability to arrest phagolysosome biogenesis, avoid direct cidal mechanisms in macrophages, and block efficient antigen processing and presentation. Mycobacteria prevent Rab conversion on their phagosomes and elaborate glycolipid and protein trafficking toxins that interfere with Rab effectors and regulation of specific organellar biogenesis in mammalian cells. One of the major Rab effectors affected in this process is the type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase hVPS34 and its enzymatic product phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a regulatory lipid earmarking organellar membranes for specific trafficking events. PI3P is also critical for the process of autophagy, recently recognized as an effector of innate and adaptive immunity. Induction of autophagy by physiological, pharmacological or immunological signals, including the major antituberculosis Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and its downstream effector p47 GTPase LRG-47, can overcome mycobacterial phagosome maturation block and inhibit intracellular M. tuberculosis survival. This review summarizes the findings centred around the PI3P-nexus where the mycobacterial phagosome maturation block and execution stages of autophagy intersect.
Quetiapine Treatment of Zolpidem Dependence (2007)

We report the case of Mr. A, a 52-year-old man with a lifelong history of substance use disorders who developed a dependence on zolpidem, which was successfully treated with quetiapine. Zolpidem is...
<title>Spectral polarization imaging of human prostate tissues</title> (2000)

Human prostate in-vitro tissues were studied using near IR spectral polarization imaging. Different imaging methods using the light scattered or emitted from prostates tissues and contrast agents were performed on various model samples, which consisted of a small piece of absorber or prostate tissue dyed with indocayanine green embedded inside a large piece of prostate tissue at different depths. Small foreign objects with a diameter of approximately 1 mm hidden inside the host prostate tissues at depths of 3.0 mm, 4.5 mm, and 8.5 mm were imaged and identified using the scattering light, tissue emission wing and contrast agent emission light imaging methods, respectively.
Decorative power generating panels creating angle insensitive transmissive colors (2014)

We present ultra-thin (6 to 31 nm) undoped amorphous silicon/organic hybrid solar cell structure, which can transmit desired color of light. The transmitted colors show great angular tolerance due to the negligible optical phase associated with light propagating in ultra-thin amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers. We achieved the power conversion efficiency of the hybrid cells up to 2 %; and demonstrated that most of the absorbed photons in the undoped a-Si layer contributed to the extracted electric charges due to the suppressed electron-hole recombination in the ultra-thin a-Si layer. We also show the resonance is invariant with respect to the angle of incidence up to ± 70° regardless of the polarization of the incident light. Our exploration provides a design to realize energy harvesting colored photovoltaic panels for innovative applications.
Synthesis of Long, Representative DNA Copies of the Murine RNA Tumor Virus Genome (1976)

Virions of Moloney murine leukemia virus can synthesize two classes of DNA molecules complementary to their 70 S RNA. One class consists of molecules about 200 nucleotides long, which are of limited sequence complexity; these molecules are formed preferentially if the dNTP concentration during the reaction is low. The second class consists of very heterogeneous DNA molecules with weight-average size of about 1,000 nucleotides containing at least 70% of the viral RNA sequences in approximately equal concentration. The longest of these molecules can be 5,000 nucleotides long. This second class of DNA is formed in large amounts only in reactions containing dNTP concentrations of 0.2 mM or higher. In such reactions after 24 h of incubation, at least 35% of the input RNA is represented in DNA copies. The ability to make long, representative DNA transcripts of tumor virus RNA provides a source of excellent probes for molecular hybridization.
Very long-chain fatty acids: elongation, physiology and related disorders (2012)

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are fatty acids (FAs) with a chain-length of ≥22 carbons. Mammals have a variety of VLCFAs differing in chain-length and the number of double bonds. Each VLCFA exhibits certain functions, for example in skin barrier formation, liver homeostasis, myelin maintenance, spermatogenesis, retinal function and anti-inflammation. These functions are elicited not by free VLCFAs themselves, but through their influences as components of membrane lipids (sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids) or precursors of inflammation-resolving lipid mediators. VLCFAs are synthesized by endoplasmic reticulum membrane-embedded enzymes through a four-step cycle. The most important enzymes determining the tissue distribution of VLCFAs are FA elongases, which catalyze the first, rate-limiting step of the FA elongation cycle. Mammals have seven elongases (ELOVL1-7), each exhibiting a characteristic substrate specificity. Several inherited disorders are caused by mutations in genes involved in VLCFA synthesis or degradation. In this review, I describe the molecular mechanism of FA elongation and the responsible enzymes in mammals and yeast, as well as VLCFA-related disorders in human.
Literary Contributions of Catholics in Nineteenth-Century Mexico: Part Two: The Díaz Regime (1867–1910) (1946)

Having dealt with the poetry which Catholics contributed to Mexican literature during the Díaz era, we now turn our attention to their literary contributions in the field of prose composition. As in the case of poetry, much of this literary prose appeared originally in the periodicals of the day and, unfortunately, much of it is still there, comparatively little having been assembled and brought out in book form. In this respect the prose writers have received smaller recognition from posterity than the poets, owing perhaps to the fact that the Mexican by tradition and temperament prefers verse to prose, finds greater delight in the measured magic of a song than in the less appealing beauties of an essay, a discourse, or even a novel. Whatever the reason may be, we must examine the periodicals of the time before we can form an adequate estimate of contributions to literary prose. The part that Catholics played in the realm of periodical literature will, therefore, occupy our attention before we marshal the writers themselves and their productions in prose.
Fast, parallel, GPU-based construction of space filling curves and octrees (2008)

Space Filling Curves (SFC) are particularly useful in linearization of data living in two and three dimensional spaces and have been used in a number of applications in scientific computing, and visualization. Interestingly, octrees, another versatile data structure in computer graphics, can be viewed as multiple SFCs at varying resolutions, albeit with parent-child relationship.