gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The periplasmic TorT protein is required for trimethylamine N-oxide reductase gene induction in Escherichia coli (1996)

Expression of the Escherichia coli torCAD operon, which encodes the trimethylamine N-oxide reductase system, is regulated by the presence of trimethylamine N-oxide through the action of the TorR response regulator. We have identified an additional gene, torT, located just downstream from the torR gene, which is necessary for torCAD structural operon expression. Insertion within the torT gene dramatically reduced the expression of a torA'-'lacZ fusion, while presence of the gene in trans restored the wild-type phenotype. Overproduction of TorR in a torT strain resulted in partial constitutive expression of the torA'-'lacZ fusion, suggesting that TorR acts downstream from TorT. The torT gene codes for a 35.7-kDa periplasmic protein which presents some homology with the periplasmic ribose-binding protein of E. coli. We discuss the possible role of TorT as an inducer-binding protein involved in signal transduction of the tor regulatory pathway.
Two concatenated coding schemes for ARQ protocols (1989)

The application of concatenated coding to increase throughput in automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols is described. In the proposed schemes, which are implemented with an inner error detection-correction code and an outer error-detection code, the inner code's dualfunction structure significantly enhances ARQ efficiency, especially in cases of high communication channel error rate. Results of a comparative analysis show that the proposed schemes outperform other similar ARQ protocols.
Nucleotide sequence of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> thymidine kinase gene provides evidence for conservation of functional domains and quaternary structure (1991)

Using lambda bacteriophage clones from the Kohara Escherichia coli library spanning minutes 25.5 to 28.5 on the E. coli chromosome (strain W3110), two overlapping DNA fragments were identified which were able to confer thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme activity to a TK- strain of E. coli (KY895). This genetic complementation assay was used in concert with subcloning procedures to identify the minimal region (a 900 bp EcoRI-SalI fragment) which contained the E. coli thymidine kinase gene (tdk). The nucleotide sequence of the EcoRI-SalI fragment and a small portion of the adjoining downstream fragment was determined. Computer analysis of the derived sequence indicated the presence of a rightward-reading open reading frame of 615 bp which was capable of encoding a 205-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted Mr of 23458 daltons. The in vivo transcriptional activity of this locus was confirmed by Northern blot hybridization analysis of RNA isolated from E. coli JM101 or KY895 which detected a 650-nucleotide RNA transcribed from this region. This places the tdk gene at approximately minute 27.35 on the E. coli W3110 chromosome, about 15 kb downstream from the narG locus and approximately 25 kb upstream of the trp operon. Although the predicted Mr of the E. coli TK protein was 23.5 kDa, gel-filtration analyses suggested that, like eukaryotic thymidine kinases, the active form of this enzyme is a multimeric complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Babcock & Wilcox CFB Boilers—Design and Experience (2001)

BR-1711 Abstract The distinctive feature of Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) CFB boilers is a two-stage solids separation system consisting of the impact-type primary solids separator (U-beams) and the sec- ondary multi-cyclone dust collector. Lessons learned from 15 years of B&W's CFB technology application have been used to develop a reliable, low cost boiler design. Advantages of boil- ers with a two-stage solids separation system are described. Op- eration of B&W coal-fired CFB boilers over the last 10 years has demonstrated high reliability of the two-stage solids sepa- rator. Superior solids collection efficiency of the two-stage sepa- rator provides higher furnace heat-transfer rate, ability to better control furnace temperature, and increased residence time of fine carbon and sorbent particles. As a result, the required boiler performance is achieved with lower furnace height and smaller boiler footprint. The current B&W IR-CFB boiler design is de- scribed. Compactness of the IR-CFB makes it especially attrac- tive for PC boiler retrofit applications. Considerations for IR- CFB scale-up are provided.
Towards a Passive Adaptive Planar Foot with Ground Orientation and Contact Force Sensing for Legged Robots (2018)

Adapting to the ground enables stable footholds in legged locomotion by exploiting the structure of the terrain. On that account, we present a passive adaptive planar foot with three rotational degrees of freedom that is lightweight and thus suited for highly dynamic legged robots. \nIts low laying pivot joint provides high stability towards kinking. Information about the relative foot sole pose, and accordingly, the ground orientation is gathered by inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the foot sole and the shank. A complementary filter is presented that fuses these orientation estimates with an angular encoder to obtain a drift-free relative foot sole pose. The passive adaptive planar foot has been tested and compared to the classical point foot design on a variety of terrains and shows superior traction performance, especially on compressible soils. Being mounted on the quadrupedal robot ANYmal, the foot provides a reliable contact detection based on the fusion of the built-in 6-axis force/torque transducer and the IMUs. This allows to walk and trot on uneven terrain, loose soils, as well as climbing up a ramp and stairs while keeping the entire foot sole in ground contact all the time.
A multicomponent, multipoint infrared ambient air monitor. (1979)

With the tremendous advances in electronics today, it is now possible to take existing analytical instruments and give then a "brain" so that many analytical procedures which were impossible or costly a few years ago can now be done with relative ease, at a fraction of the costs. This paper deals with a microcomputer-controlled air monitor which allows us to identify many different components at a multitude of different locations. System operation is explained as well as data accuracy as they relate to application in a plastics research pilot plant.
Introduction: Multinationals and Asia (2005)

Asia is presently one of the three major industrial regions of the world and its countries constitute a central part of the global business milieu in this new century. This is reﬂected in the fact that Asia remains one of the major destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI). Although, owing to the recent economic slowdown in global economic activity, global inﬂows of FDI fell by 53 per cent between 2000 and 2002 (from US$1,393 billion to US$651 billion) FDI inﬂows into Asia decreased by only 33 per cent (from US$142 billion in 2000 to US$95 billion in 2002), thereby increasing Asiaʼs share of global FDI inﬂows from 10.2 per cent to 14.6 per cent (UNCTAD 2003). However, business conditions in Asia are changing fast, in part as a consequence of the increased uncertainty about global economic growth. However, in our opinion, more important are the current and future changes in business conditions in Asia that are stemming from regional developments, such as the emergence of China, the Asian Financial Crisis and the resulting need for restructuring of Asian economies.
Digital Ultrasonic Imaging with Microprocessor Manipulation (1978)

The author describes the development of a digital scan converter system which accepts ultrasonic B-scans in “oscilloscope” format and displays them in video format. The system involves the use of a microprocesor, the funciton of which is outlined in the paper. A brief comparison with a system employing a scan converter tube is given.
New heterocyclic derivatives of benzimidazole with germicidal activity--XI--Experimental validation of OSAR prediction on antibacterial and antimycotic activity of benzimidazole derivatives. (1994)

In continuation of previous studies, Authors describe the synthesis of three new derivatives of 2-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl) benzimidazole, having hydroxy, methoxy or amino group at position 5. The new compounds, synthesized as suggested by a previous chemometric study, were tested in vitro against 5 Gram + and 4 Gram- strains and the mycete C. albicans. Two derivatives (R = OH, NH2) showed a good degree of antibacterial activity, especially the 5-hydroxy derivative, but they were practically inactive against the mycete; these results are in agreement with the prediction of chemometric study.
Experimental Research on Oxidation Refining of Ferrosilicon (2001)

The equilibrium between ferrosilicon and SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternaryslag have been experimentally investigated using graphite crucible at 1 550 ℃. The Al and Ca contents in ferrosilicon were given in terms of isoconcentration curves in equilibrium with the ternary slag of SiO2-Al2O3-CaO. The present experimental work provides available data to analyze the behavior of Al and Ca during oxidation refining process for silicon alloy.
Nonlinear interferometers in quantum optics (2016)

We review the main works in the field of nonlinear interferometers, which has been developing ever since the start of nonlinear optics and has seen growing interest in recent years due to the applications in quantum information and quantum metrology. Because the class of schemes that are referred to as nonlinear interferometers is too broad, we restrict the consideration to the cases in which crystals, fibers, or atomic systems producing the nonlinear effect are placed inside the interferometer, and only linear phase shifts are imposed. As a nonlinear effect, we consider four-wave mixing and parametric down-conversion, at both low and high gain.
New model for the high modulus and strength performance of ultradrawn polyethylenes (1988)

Abstract A new morphological model is discussed which is based on the relation of tensile modulus and strength to the macrofibrillar dimensions (aspect ratio) and the shear modulus of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibrillar structures of draw ratio DR ≤ 200–300. Such structures were obtained by solid state deformation of the as‐received powder and solution grown crystals using an extrusion‐drawing process. According to this model, the highest tensile modulus and tensile strength values that can be obtained are 212 GPa and 13.3 GPa, i.e., significantly close to the theoretically calculated values.
Concurrent measurement of cerebral hemodynamics and electroencephalography during transcranial direct current stimulation (2018)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is currently being used for research and treatment of some neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as for improvement of cognitive functions. In order to better understand cerebral response to the stimulation and to redefine protocols and dosage, its effects must be monitored. To this end, we have used functional diffuse correlation spectroscopy (fDCS) and time-resolved functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-fNIRS) together with electroencephalography (EEG) during and after stimulation of the frontal cortex. Twenty subjects participated in two sessions of stimulation with two different polarity montages and twelve also underwent a sham session. Cerebral blood flow and oxyhemoglobin concentration increased during and after active stimulation in the region under the stimulation electrode while deoxyhemoglobin concentration decreased. The EEG spectrum displayed statistically significant power changes across different stimulation sessions in delta (2 to 4 Hz), theta (4 to 8 Hz), and beta (12 to 18 Hz) bands. Results suggest that fDCS and TR-fNIRS can be employed as neuromonitors of the effects of transcranial electrical stimulation and can be used together with EEG.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in the Developing Lung (2004)

Classical experiments in embryology have shown that normal growth, morphogenetic patterning, and cellular differentiation in the developing lung depend on interactive signaling between the endodermal epithelium and mesenchyme derived from splanchnic mesoderm. These interactions are mediated by a myriad of diffusible factors that are precisely regulated in their temporal and spatial expression. In this review we first describe factors regulating formation of the embryonic foregut. We then discuss the experiments demonstrating the importance of tissue interactions in lung patterning and differentiation. Finally, we detail the roles that a few key signaling systems-fibroblast growth factors and their receptors, sonic hedgehog and Gli genes, Wnt genes and beta-catenin, and BMP4-play as mediators of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing lung.
Restriction of Tautomerism in the Amidine System by Hydrogen Bonding. The Case of 4(7)-Nitrobenzimidazole<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRestriction of Tautomerism in the Amidine System by Hydrogen Bonding. The Case of 4(7)-Nitrobenzimidazole1Joseph L. Rabinowitz and E. C. WagnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3030–3037Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vision-aided Guidance and Navigation for Close Formation Flight (2015)

Close formation flight can extend an unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV) range and endurance by utilizing lift from a wingman's wake vortices and by autonomous midair refueling or recharging. The prohibitive challenge in each of these applications is the highly accurate and reliable relative positioning that is required to station-keep in the wingman's wake and to dock, amid external disturbances. Global navigation satellite systems are well-suited to reliable absolute positioning, but they fall short for accurate relative positioning. This work proposes a relative positioning solution for UAV rendezvous and close formation flight that has been verified in multiple flight tests. A nonlinear estimation framework uses precise air-to-air measurements to correct onboard sensor measurements and produce an accurate relative state estimate that is resilient to intermittent relative measurement outages and degrades gracefully during extended outages. A guidance strategy compensates for wingman turn dynamics, acts explicitly on the estimated relative state, and is applicable to both rendezvous and formation flight. Ground testing showed a relative position estimate accuracy that is 2% of the separation distance, with successful detection and correspondence at up to 36 m. Autonomous close formation flight tests verified the relative positioning solution over extended periods, as close as two wingspans, in winds that were 30%–40% of the cruise airspeed, and at altitudes as low as 15 m. Root-mean-square relative position errors were 1.2 m horizontally and 0.44 m vertically during flights at the closest separation.
Mechanized pivot shift test achieves greater accuracy than manual pivot shift test (2009)

The objective of this study was to design a navigated mechanized pivot shift test setup and evaluate its repeatability in the ACL-deficient knee. It was hypothesized that translations and rotations measured with the mechanized pivot shift would be more repeatable when compared to those obtained with a manual pivot shift. Twelve fresh frozen cadaveric hip-to-toe whole lower extremities were used for this study. A manual pivot shift test was performed in the intact knee and in the ACL-deficient knee and was repeated three times. A navigation system simultaneously recorded tibial translation and rotation. The mechanized pivot shift test consists of a modified continuous passive motion (CPM) machine and a custom-made foot holder to allow for the application of internal rotation moments at the knee. Valgus moments were achieved by a 45 degrees tilt of the CPM machine with respect to the supine position and a Velcro strap secured across the proximal tibia. The mechanized pivot shift was repeated three times. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare manual and mechanized pivot shift testing. An intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine variability within each knee at each testing condition. In the ACL-deficient knee, translation with manual pivot shift testing (11.7 +/- 2.6 mm) was significantly higher than with mechanized pivot shift testing (7.4 +/- 2.5 mm; p < 0.05). Rotation with the manual pivot shift testing (18.6 +/- 5.4 degrees) was also significantly higher than with mechanized pivot shift testing (11.0 +/- 2.3 degrees; p < 0.05). The intra-class ICC for translations was 0.76 for manual pivot shift and 0.92 for the mechanized pivot shift test. The intra-class ICC for rotations was 0.89 for manual pivot shift and 0.82 for the mechanized pivot shift test. This study introduced a modified CPM for mechanized pivot shift testing. Although recorded translations and rotations with the mechanized pivot shift test were lower than with manual testing, the clinical advantage of mechanized pivot shift testing is a more repeatable measurement of ATT when compared to manual pivot shift testing. This setup may increase consistency of clinical grading of the pivot shift test.
Neural adaptations in isometric contractions with EMG and force biofeedback (2015)

This study aimed to evaluate the quadriceps femoris neural adaptations during isometric contractions using force and electromyogram (EMG) signals as visual biofeedback. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to three groups: EMG group, tested with EMG biofeedback; Force group, tested with force biofeedback; and Control group, tested without biofeedback. Evaluations were performed pre (baseline) and post-tests to determine the maximum force and EMG amplitude during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The tests consisted of series of MVICs in which the participants were encouraged to surpass the force or EMG thresholds determined at baseline. The vastus lateralis EMG amplitude and knee extensor force increased significantly in all groups when compared the baseline and post-test evaluations values (p < .05). EMG percentage gain was significantly different between Force and Control groups (p < .01), while force percentage gain was not different between groups. Force biofeedback was more effective in producing neural adaptations.
Stem cell-ness: a "magic marker" for cancer (2005)

Transcriptional profiling of patient tumors is a much-heralded advancement in cancer therapy, as it provides the opportunity to identify patients who would benefit from more or less aggressive therapy and thus allows the development of individualized treatment. However, translation of this promise into patient benefit has proven challenging. In this issue of the JCI, Glinsky and colleagues used human and murine models to identify a potential stem cell mRNA signature, based on the hypothesis that tumors with stem cell-like characteristics are likely to have a poor prognosis. Remarkably, an 11-gene "expression signature" associated with "stem cell-ness" separated patients with different cancers into good- and poor-prognosis groups. Such a "magic marker" would, if validated, have a major impact on patient care. However, there remain challenges incumbent with creating and validating such signatures.
Obliteration of a Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Cyst with Solid Human Embryonic Spinal Cord Grafts: First Clinical Attempt (1997)

Cystic lesions of the spinal cord (syringomyelia) may occur after spinal cord injury. Posttraumatic syringomyelia may result in a myelopathy causing symptoms of sensory and motor loss, as well as worsening spasticity, pain, hyperhidrosis, and autonomic dysreflexia. Shunting of the cyst cavity along with untethering of the scarred spinal cord is widely accepted as the treatment of choice. However, the long-term stabilization of the progressive myelopathy caused by a posttraumatic cyst is suboptimal because of arachnoidal rescarring, shunt tube blockage, and cyst reexpansion. A new neurosurgical strategy to overcome the complication of cyst reexpansion was designed. Experimental studies have shown the successful use of embryonic spinal cord grafts, including human grafts, to obliterate induced spinal cord cavities in rats. The authors report the first use of solid human embryonic spinal cord grafts to successfully obliterate 6 cm of a large cyst cavity in a patient becoming myelopathic from a posttraumatic cyst. The grafts are well visualized by MRI to the 7-month postoperative follow-up and cyst obliteration is seen in the region where the grafts were placed.
Effects of Antiglaucoma Drugs on the Blood Flow in Rabbit Eyes (1986)

Although it is essential that intraocular pressure (IOP) be reduced in glaucoma treatment, it is also vitally important to provide sufficient blood flow to eye tissues so that healthy visual field is maintained. It is possible for an agent to reduce IOP and blood supply to the eye. In that case, glaucoma appears to be under control since IOP has been reduced to within normal range, yet the disease is actually progressing, causing damage to the retina, optic nerve, and other tissues. The 85Sr-microsphere technique was used to study the effects of several antiglaucoma drugs on blood supply to various eye tissues. It was found that pilocarpine, L-timolol, D-timolol and haloperidol are good drugs to use in treating glaucoma because they do not reduce ocular blood flow. D-timolol is particularly good because it does not cause side effects through beta-adrenergic blockade or cholinergic stimulation. On the other hand, trifluperidol and moperone reduce IOP effectively, but also decrease blood supply.
Handbook of Optoelectronics (Two-Volume Set) (2006)

A field as diverse as optoelectronics needs a reference that is equally versatile. From basic physics and light sources to devices and state-of-the-art applications, the Handbook of Optoelectronics provides comprehensive, self-contained coverage of fundamental concepts and practical applications across the entire spectrum of disciplines encompassed