gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymers from Renewable Resources. XXVIII. Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Studies of Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Derived from Castor-Oil-Based Polyurethanes and Cardanol Derivatives (1998)

Abstract Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its polymeric products find a wide range of industrial applications due to their higher thermal stability and mechanical strength. Cardanol is obtained from the vacuum distillation of CNSL at 230–240°C. The distilled cardanol was reacted with acetic anhydride and orthophosphoric acid to get acetylated cardanol (AC) and phosphorylated cardanol (PC), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the above cardanol derivatives have been reported. A number of castor-oil-based polyurethanes were obtained using diisocyanates like hexamethylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Then, a number of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) were synthesized using the polyurethane, cardanol derivatives (AC and PC). The semi-IPNs were subjected to thermal analysis and the kinetic parameters were calculated by the Freeman and Anderson method.
Differences in Types and Incidence of Neoplasms in Wistar Han and Sprague-Dawley Rats (2017)

A substantial quantity of data on Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Hannover Wistar rats strains have been published concerning their source, diet, and housing conditions, as well as the incidences of nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms observed in different laboratories. Differences between the commonly used rat strains provided by different breeders (i.e., CD (SD) vs. Harlan Sprague-Dawley strain or Crl: WI(Han) vs. Wistar Hannover (Han)-derived strain, continued breeding by RCC Ltd., Switzerland, thereafter continued breeding by Harlan) may include, but are not limited to, body weight, incidence, and onset of major nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms, and these can impact the development of a nonclinical safety program. Fisher 344 (F344) and SD rat strains generally have the highest tumor incidences, exceeding that in Wistar rats. Certain tumors are more commonly observed in one strain, and for some, the difference in incidence may be so significant that the tumor may even be considered characteristic for a specific strain (e.g., thymoma in Wistar and amphophilic renal adenoma in SD).
The data cyclotron query processing scheme (2011)

A grand challenge of distributed query processing is to devise a self-organizing architecture which exploits all hardware resources optimally to manage the database hot set, minimize query response time, and maximize throughput without single point global coordination. The Data Cyclotron architecture [Goncalves and Kersten 2010] addresses this challenge using turbulent data movement through a storage ring built from distributed main memory and capitalizing on the functionality offered by modern remote-DMA network facilities. Queries assigned to individual nodes interact with the storage ring by picking up data fragments, which are continuously flowing around, that is, the hot set. The storage ring is steered by the Level Of Interest ( LOI ) attached to each data fragment, which represents the cumulative query interest as it passes around the ring multiple times. A fragment with LOI below a given threshold, inversely proportional to the ring load, is pulled out to free up resources. This threshold is dynamically adjusted in a fully distributed manner based on ring characteristics and locally observed query behavior. It optimizes resource utilization by keeping the average data access latency low. The approach is illustrated using an extensive and validated simulation study. The results underpin the fragment hot set management robustness in turbulent workload scenarios. A fully functional prototype of the proposed architecture has been implemented using modest extensions to MonetDB and runs within a multirack cluster equipped with Infiniband. Extensive experimentation using both microbenchmarks and high-volume workloads based on TPC-H demonstrates its feasibility. The Data Cyclotron architecture and experiments open a new vista for modern distributed database architectures with a plethora of new research challenges.
Proximity Effect Correction in Projection Electron Beam Lithography (Scattering with Angular Limitation Projection Electron-Beam Lithography) (1995)

Several schemes have been proposed for proximity effect correction (PEC) in e-beam lithography systems: biasing, dose control and GHOST. Typically, the correction is applied to the pattern data, a process that is computationally demanding and expensive in terms of data handling. A process which is independent of the pattern information, and could be implemented in the tool hardware, would be an attractive alternative. In this paper we present such a solution to the proximity effect correction problem, for use in SCALPEL (SCattering with Angular Limitation in Projection Electron Beam Lithography).
DNA Vaccine for West Nile Virus Infection in Fish Crows (<i>Corvus ossifragus</i>) (2003)

A DNA vaccine for West Nile virus (WNV) was evaluated to determine whether its use could protect fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) from fatal WNV infection. Captured adult crows were given 0.5 mg of the DNA vaccine either orally or by intramuscular (IM) inoculation; control crows were inoculated or orally exposed to a placebo. After 6 weeks, crows were challenged subcutaneously with 105 plaque-forming units of WNV (New York 1999 strain). None of the placebo inoculated-placebo challenged birds died. While none of the 9 IM vaccine-inoculated birds died, 5 of 10 placebo-inoculated and 4 of 8 orally vaccinated birds died within 15 days after challenge. Peak viremia titers in birds with fatal WNV infection were substantially higher than those in birds that survived infection. Although oral administration of a single DNA vaccine dose failed to elicit an immune response or protect crows from WNV infection, IM administration of a single dose prevented death and was associated with reduced viremia.
CGO: utilizing and integrating gene expression microarray data in clinical research and data management (2002)

Clinical GeneOrganizer (CGO) is a novel windows-based archiving, organization and data mining software for the integration of gene expression profiling in clinical medicine. The program implements various user-friendly tools and extracts data for further statistical analysis. This software was written for Affymetrix GeneChip *.txt files, but can also be used for any other microarray-derived data. The MS-SQL server version acts as a data mart and links microarray data with clinical parameters of any other existing database and therefore represents a valuable tool for combining gene expression analysis and clinical disease characteristics.
“Agrolistic” transformation of plant cells: Integration of T-strands generated <i>in planta</i> (1996)

We describe a novel plant transformation technique, termed "agrolistic," that combines the advantages of the Agrobacterium transformation system with the high efficiency of biolistic DNA delivery. Agrolistic transformation allows integration of the gene of interest without undesired vector sequence. The virulence genes virD1 and virD2 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that are required in bacteria for excision of T-strands from the tumor-inducing plasmid were placed under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and codelivered with a target plasmid containing border sequences flanking the gene of interest. Transient expression assays in tobacco and in maize cells indicated that vir gene products caused strand-specific nicking in planta at the right border sequence, similar to VirD1/VirD2-catalyzed T-strand excision observed in Agrobacterium. Agrolistically transformed tobacco calli were obtained after codelivery of virD1 and virD2 genes together with a selectable marker flanked by border sequences. Some inserts exhibited right junctions with plant DNA that corresponded precisely to the sequence expected for T-DNA (portion of the tumor-inducing plasmid that is transferred to plant cells) insertion events. We designate these as "agrolistic" inserts, as distinguished from "biolistic" inserts. Both types of inserts were found in some transformed lines. The frequency of agrolistic inserts was 20% that of biolistic inserts.
Mechanisms of Mineralocorticoid Action (2005)

Sodium transport in epithelial tissues is regulated by the physiological mineralocorticoid aldosterone. The response to aldosterone is mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), for which the crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain has recently been established. The classical mode of action for this receptor involves the regulation of gene transcription. Several genes have now been shown to be regulated by aldosterone in epithelial tissues. Of these, the best characterized is serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase, which increases sodium influx through the epithelial sodium channel. Turnover of these channels in the cell membrane is mediated by Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin protein ligase; serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase interacts with and phosphorylates Nedd4-2, thereby rendering it unable to bind the sodium channels. In nonepithelial tissues, particularly the cardiovascular system, aldosterone also has direct effects, activating an inflammatory cascade, leading to cardiac fibrosis. A critical role for the MR in cardiovascular disease has now been demonstrated by the beneficial response to MR blockade in 2 large clinical trials in patients with cardiac failure. It is these nonepithelial actions of MR activation that need to be exploited for the development of antagonists that target the cardiovascular system while avoiding the undesirable side effects of renal MR blockade.
Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA From the Teeth of a Cadaver Maintained in Formaldehyde (2007)

This was a case that brought great commotion to a university in the interior of Brazil since it was suspected that one of the human bodies used for teaching anatomy was a relative of one of the students. Analysis of fragments of hypervariable region 2 of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was performed using a miniprimer set (MPS), indicating that there had been a mistake in evaluation by the student, reinforcing the need to base the process of human identification in technical parameters.
The Importance of Hustings (2011)

In last May's edition of PQ, the article from Wales focused on the impact of church-led hustings in the run-up to the General Election. Until a few weeks ago, the political focus in Wales was on the 3 March referendum on full law-making powers for Wales. But now, with that behind us, the National Assembly elections on 5 May are looming, meriting a closer look at the role of hustings.
Process control and material properties of thin electroless Co-based capping layers for copper interconnects (2005)

Present work focuses on the process characteristics and material properties of electroless deposited CoWP, and CoWB thin layers. Such material properties as atomic and phase composition of thin Co alloys are compared. Consumption rates of the bath constituents are analyzed. Line resistance change of Cu interconnects capped with CoWP and CoWB is shown. Comparison of two types of capping layers and analysis of their process formation are presented. The capability of the selective capping layer formation on narrow Cu lines has been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New N‐Alkyl‐ and N‐Acyldioxinophenothiazine and Acridinone Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One-Pot Synthesis of 2,5-Diformylfuran from Carbohydrate Derivatives by Sulfonated Resin and Hydrotalcite-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts (2011)

2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) was selectively synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using a hydrotalcite-supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/HT) by oxidation with molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. A combination of hydrotalcite, Amberlyst-15, and Ru/HT catalysts successfully afforded direct synthesis of DFF from hexoses such as fructose and glucose via isomerization, dehydration, and successive selective oxidation in one pot. Stepwise addition of catalyst improved DFF yield up to 49% from fructose and 25% from glucose, respectively.
Adaptive down-sampling video coding (2010)

Down-sampling coding, which sub-samples the image and encodes the smaller sized images, is one of the solutions to raise the image quality at insufficiently high rates. In this work, we propose an Adaptive Down-Sampling (ADS) coding for H.264/AVC. The overall system distortion can be analyzed as the sum of the down-sampling distortion and the coding distortion. The down-sampling distortion is mainly the loss of the high frequency components that is highly dependent of the spatial difference. The coding distortion can be derived from the classical Rate-Distortion theory. For a given rate and a video sequence, the optimum down-sampling resolution-ratio can be derived by utilizing the optimum theory toward minimizing the system distortion based on the models of the two distortions. This optimal resolution-ratio is used in both down-sampling and up-sampling processes in ADS coding scheme. As a result, the rate-distortion performance of ADS coding is always higher than the fixed ratio coding or H.264/AVC by 2 to 4 dB at low to medium rates.
Exploiting Robot Redundancy in Collision Detection and Reaction (2008)

We present a method that allows automatic reaction of a robot to physical collisions, while preserving as much as possible the execution of a Cartesian task for which the robot is kinematically redundant. The work is motivated by human-robot interaction scenarios, where ensuring safety is of primary concern whereas preserving task performance is an appealing secondary goal. Unexpected collisions may occur anywhere along the manipulator structure. Their fast detection is realized using our previous momentum-based method, which does not require any external sensing. The reaction torque applied to the joints reduces the effective robot inertia seen at the contact and lets the robot safely move away from the collision area. If we wish, however, to continue the execution of a Cartesian trajectory, robot redundancy can be exploited by projecting the reaction torque into the null space of a dynamic task matrix so as not to affect the original end-effector motion. This leads to the use of the so-called dynamically consistent approach to redundancy resolution, which is further elaborated in the paper. A partial task relaxation strategy can also be devised, with the objective of keeping contact forces below a user-defined safety threshold. Simulation results are reported for the 7R KUKA/DLR lightweight robot arm.
Evidence for linear response for the induction of mutations in human cells by x-ray exposures below 10 rads. (1985)

The induction of 6-thioguanine resistance (6TGR) was studied in continuous human lymphoblast cultures exposed to daily x-ray doses of 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 rads (1 rad = 0.01 gray) for periods up to 1 month. Samples were taken every 5 days for determinations of induced mutation frequency. Cells receiving daily doses of 1-10 rads showed a mutation frequency of 0.069 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad, virtually identical to the value of 0.062 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad determined for lymphoblasts receiving the same total dose of radiation in a single acute exposure. The effects of small daily fractions were additive, suggesting that doses as small as 1 rad are mutagenic in human lymphoblasts. Similar results were observed when resistance to trifluorothymidine, indicative of thymidine kinase deficiency, was used as a mutational marker. When 6TGR frequency was plotted against days of irradiation, a positive linear slope was observed for all dose groups. The values of these slopes were plotted against x-ray dose in rads/day to construct a dose-response relationship for 1-10 rads. A linear increase in mutation frequency was observed over this dose range, with no apparent threshold. The slope of this linear increase was 0.060 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad. These results suggest that, for human lymphoblasts, the mutagenic risk of low doses of x-rays can be accurately estimated by linear extrapolation from high-dose effects.
Discussion: “Hydrazine as an Oxygen Scavenger—A Progress Report on Tests at Springdale Station” (Baker, M. D., and Marcy, V. M., 1956, Trans. ASME, 78, pp. 299–303) (1956)

gen, hydrazine is currently several times as expensive as sodium sulphite and about as expensive as potassium sulphite.11 The basic problem in the use of hydrazine in a high-pressure plant is to proportion the hydrazine to the oxygen in the feedwater so that the latter will be removed without appreciable waste of hydrazine by decomposition of any excess reaching the boiler.
Doctors, Dying Children and Religious Parents: Dialogue or Demonization? (2013)

A recent online article in the Journal of Medical Ethics, which received wide media coverage, raised the possibility that children are being ‘subjected to torture’ due to the ‘fervent or fundamentalist views’ of their parents. However, the quality of argument in that article was inadequate to sustain such a radical thesis. There was no engagement with the perspectives of different religious traditions about end-of-life care. Instead the authors invoked practices such as male infant circumcision which are wholly irrelevant to the end-of-life theme. There were serious failings in relation to core principles of social and epide-miological research practice: the study based its conclusion on a sample of only six cases and failed to consider even the more obvious confounding features. Rather than demonizing the religious beliefs of parents there should be recognition of the need for mutual respect, dialogue based on an ‘expert-expert relationship’ and collaboration based on ‘shared understanding’.
Composite Films of Prussian Blue and N-Substituted Polypyrroles:  Fabrication and Application to Optical Determination of pH (1998)

A new and simple chemical method for deposition of thin blue films composed of Prussian Blue and N-substituted polypyrroles on nonconductive supports is presented. It is found that only pyrroles which are difficult to polymerize can be used for the preparation of such films. The resulting composite films were examined by SEM-EDAX, vis-NIR, and IR spectroscopy. The films are stable, thin, homogeneous, and optically transparent. The absorption maxima are at 720 nm, and spectral changes can be monitored using semiconductor light sources and detectors. The composite films are shown to be suitable for optical determination of pH over the pH 5-9 range because their absorbance strongly depends on pH in the physiological pH range. However, they undergo irreversible spectral changes if exposed to pH's >9. The films represent an alternative to indicator-based pH sensor materials because they do not require a dye to be immobilized. The pH measurements are highly reproducible, reversible in the physiological range, and not affected by ionic strength, alkaline cations, and typical oxidants and reductants.
A Framework for Multi-Dimensional Visualization of Project Control Data (2003)

The construction industry produces voluminous quantitative data. Much of this data is created during the controls phase of projects and relates to cost, schedule, and administrative information. Recent storage and processing advances in computers as well as display capabilities afforded by computer graphics increase the opportunity to monitor projects fundamentally different than existing project control systems. However, changes in project control methods have been slow to evolve. The lack of a fundamental model of project control data representation contributes to the inadequate application and implementation of visual tools in project control methods. Difficulties associated with the graphical representation of data can be traced to the diversity of skills required in creating visual information displays. Due to the reality that not all engineers/constructors possess these attributes in great strength, streamlining the process of how to best visualize data graphically is important. Visual representations of data hold great potential for reducing communication difficulties fostered by industry fragmentation. However, without information structure, organization and helpful visual explanations the massive amount of data available to project managers results in information overload. Therefore, improved information displays are needed to overcome the possibility of information overload with the capability of human perception. This paper discusses ongoing research to create a framework for visual representation in Construction. Underlying visualization theory, the visual framework, and an example representation are provided.
An attempt to estimate the vitality of seeds by an electrical method (1901)

Abstract The present observations form part of an extensive series of experiments by which I am engaged in verifying whether or no “blaze currents” may be utilised as a sign and measure of vitality.
VMM1—An ASIC for Micropattern Detectors (2013)

We present VMM1, the first prototype of a family of front-end ASICs designed for the ATLAS muon upgrade. The ASIC will operate with MICROMEGAS and TGC detectors, providing charge and timing measurements along with other features including sub-hysteresis discrimination, address of the first event in real time, and digital output per channel for Time-over-Threshold measurements. The shaper, designed via the concept of Delayed Dissipative Feedback (DDF), supports analog dynamic ranges in excess of 10 \thinspace000. With a capacitance of 200 pF and a nominal peaking time of 25 ns, the ASIC offers resolution of charge and timing better than 1 fC and 1 ns, respectively, for input charges up to 2 pC. Designed in a commercial 130 nm technology it dissipates about 4.5 mW per channel.