gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Trends in the Electrocatalytic Activity of Metals and Enzymes for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to CO (2013)

We develop a model based on density functional theory calculations to describe trends in catalytic activity for CO2 electroreduction to CO in terms of the adsorption energy of the reaction intermediates, CO and COOH. The model is applied to metal surfaces as well as the active site in the CODH enzymes and shows that the strong scaling between adsorbed CO and adsorbed COOH on metal surfaces is responsible for the persistent overpotential. The active site of the CODH enzyme is not subject to these scaling relations and optimizes the relative binding energies of these adsorbates, allowing for an essentially reversible process with a low overpotential.
Arithmetic for Ultra-High-Speed Tomography (1980)

The first of a new generation of high performance X-ray computed tomographic (CT) machines, the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor, imposes a requirement for digital signal processing rates which are 3–4 orders of magnitude greater than the capability of current X-ray computed tomography processors. To solve the large-scale computational problems for this and similar CT units which are currently under development, three candidate arithmetic implementations of ultra-high-speed convolutional filtering and weighted linear summation algorithms have been developed and compared. Since both convolution and weighted summation are performed via the inner product operation, which is the basis for most digital signal processing algorithms, the results are widely applicable. The three arithmetic approaches are a two's complement modular array, a merged arithmetic module, and a sign/logarithm convolver. A figure of merit, which relates processing speed to complexity, is used to compare the three arithmetic approaches. It is demonstrated that processing rates in the billions of multiply-add operations per second may be realized with special-purpose processors of moderate complexity.
DSpace User Group Meeting (2018)

This is a break-out group meeting for DSpace users.
Immunochemistry of K Antigens of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1967)

An acidic polysaccharide which consists of glucuronic acid, galactose and mannose in a molar ratio of 1:1:1, and which contains 2.5% O ‐acetyl groups, was isolated from Escherichia coli O 9:K 30:H 12 cells. Half the amount of the acidic polysaccharide present on the cell surface was extractable with saline at 60°. The residual polysaccharide was solubilized with 45% phenol at 65°. Purification of the two fractions was obtained by cetavlon precipitation. Saline‐extractable and non‐extractable polysaccharide fractions were identical with respect to chemical composition, serological specificity, pK value, neutral equivalent and intrinsic viscosity. In the ultracentrifuge, the non‐extractable polysaccharide showed one peak, wheareas the saline‐extractable fraction was inhomogenous. After treatment with diluted alkali a homogenous form of smaller particle size was obtained from both polysaccharide fractions. Alkali treatment did not alter the sugar composition of either fraction. The molecular weight of the alkali‐treated polysaccharide is about 150,000. The acidic polysaccharide was oxidized by sodium periodate with concomitant destruction of the glucuronic acid. Galactose and mannose in the polysaccharide chain were resistant to periodate oxidation. Acid hydrolysis gave rise to 3‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucuronosyl‐ d ‐galactose, which could be isolated in about 25% yield. No further oligosaccharides were detected in hydrolysates of the acidic polysaccharide. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide in which the carboxyl groups had been reduced gave rise to glucosyl‐galactose and a second disaccharide which consisted of mannose and glucose, the latter being obtained at very low yield. It is concluded that the acidic polysaccharide of E. coli O 9:K 30: H 12 consists of linear subunits of a molecular weight of about 150,000. These subunits are joined through ester bonds between carboxyl groups of glucuronic acid residues and hydroxyl groups of sugar moieties. It is suggested that the trisaccharide mannosyl‐1,2‐glucuronosyl(β)1,3‐galactose is the repeating unit of the polysaccharide chain. The acidic polysaccharide has a high affinity for the surface of red blood cells. In passive haemagglutination tests the polysaccharide‐sensitized red cells react strongly with E. coli O 9: K 30: H 12 anti OK and anti K serum but not with anti O serum. After absorption of anti OK serum with the purified acidic polysaccharide the antiserum no longer agglutinates the encapsulated strain. The acidic polysaccharide is precipitated by K 30 antiserum. This precipitation is inhibited by glucuronic acid, β‐phenyl glucuronide and 3‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucuronosyl‐ d ‐galactose. After removal of the O ‐acetyl groups the acidic polysaccharide shows reduced reactivity with K 30 antiserum. From these results we conclude that the acidic polysaccharide isolated from E. coli O 9: K 30:H 12 is the K antigen of this strain. The serologically determinant region of the K 30 antigen includes glucuronic acid and O ‐acetyl groups.
A novel co-stimulatory T cell antigen co-expressed on renal cell carcinoma (1995)

The A6H mAb raised primarily against human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has previously been shown to bind strongly to RCC, to some degree to colon carcinoma but only marginally to a variety of normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis or RCC tissues containing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed that A6H stained both tumor cells and lymphocytes. FACS analysis of human peripheral blood cells demonstrated that A6H stained both tumor cells and lymphocytes. FACS analysis of human peripheral blood cells demonstrated that A6H mAb stained 85-90% of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not granulocytes, monocytes, NK cells or B cells. Furthermore, 85-90% of naive and memory T helper cells were stained with A6H suggesting that the A6H mAb defines unique subsets within these T cell populations. Dual staining showed that A6H mAb bind to an antigen that is clearly distinct from other cell surface molecules on T cells, including CD28, CD29, CD26, CD44 and ICAM-2. A6H mAb binding induced a second signal in anti-CD3 mAb activated T cells, resulting in cell proliferation, IL-2 receptor expression and vigorous production of IFN-gamma and TNF, and production of minor amounts of IL-2. Immunoprecipitation with A6H mAb indicated a molecular weight of 120-140 kDa on both T cells and RCC. We suggest that the A6H mAb defines a unique T cell surface antigen which is involved in signal transduction and is expressed on subsets of human T cells. The co-expression of A6H on T cells and tumor cells suggests a possible function related to common properties of these cells.
Quantitative Image Analysis of Drug-Induced Lung Fibrosis Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (2002)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious lung disorder that in certain cases may be difficult to quantify. It was our objective to evaluate the use of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) in quantifying fibrosis after exposure to amiodarone (AD) and bleomycin (BLM), two commonly used therapeutic drugs known to cause debilitating lung fibrosis in humans. Male F344 rats were intratracheally dosed with AD (6.25 mg/kg on days 0 and 2), BLM (0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg on day 0), or their respective vehicle controls. The right lung was assayed for hydroxyproline, a biochemical measure of collagen, at day 21 for the BLM groups and day 28 for the AD groups. The left lung was fixed, sectioned into blocks, dehydrated, stained with Lucifer yellow (LY, 0.1 mg/ml), and embedded in Spurr resin. The area of lung tissue stained by LY was quantified by LSCM. A fibrotic response in the AD and BLM groups was confirmed by histopathological assessment and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total right lung hydroxyproline above control values. The area of connective tissue stained by LY of the two drug-treated groups appeared as bright linear bands in the alveolar septae and was significantly increased (p < 0.05) as measured by image analysis when compared with their respective controls. LSCM, with its advanced image analysis system, is an alternate method to quantify fibrotic lung disease. LSCM could be particularly useful when tissue quantity is limited, such as when tissue has been archived from previous studies, or when analyzing human lung biopsy samples for disease diagnosis, where biochemical analysis is difficult.
ADVANCED CUTTINGS TRANSPORT STUDY (2003)

The Quarter began with installing the new drill pipe, hooking up the new hydraulic power unit, completing the pipe rotation system (Task 4 has been completed), and making the SWACO choke operational. Detailed design and procurement work is proceeding on a system to elevate the drill-string section. The prototype Foam Generator Cell has been completed by Temco and delivered. Work is currently underway to calibrate the system. Literature review and preliminary model development for cuttings transportation with polymer foam under EPET conditions are in progress. Preparations for preliminary cuttings transport experiments with polymer foam have been completed. Two nuclear densitometers were re-calibrated. Drill pipe rotation system was tested up to 250 RPM. Water flow tests were conducted while rotating the drill pipe up to 100 RPM. The accuracy of weight measurements for cuttings in the annulus was evaluated. Additional modifications of the cuttings collection system are being considered in order to obtain the desired accurate measurement of cuttings weight in the annular test section. Cutting transport experiments with aerated fluids are being conducted at EPET, and analyses of the collected data are in progress. The printed circuit board is functioning with acceptable noise level to measure cuttings concentration at static condition using ultrasonic method. We were able to conduct several tests using a standard low pass filter to eliminate high frequency noise. We tested to verify that we can distinguish between different depths of sand in a static bed of sand. We tested with water, air and a mix of the two mediums. Major modifications to the DTF have almost been completed. A stop-flow cell is being designed for the DTF, the ACTF and Foam Generator/Viscometer which will allow us to capture bubble images without the need for ultra fast shutter speeds or microsecond flash system.
Two novel/ancient myosins in mammalian skeletal muscles: MYH14/7b and MYH15 are expressed in extraocular muscles and muscle spindles (2009)

The mammalian genome contains three ancient sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes, MYH14/7b, MYH15 and MYH16, in addition to the two well characterized clusters of skeletal and cardiac MYHs. MYH16 is expressed in jaw muscles of carnivores; however the expression pattern of MYH14 and MYH15 is not known. MYH14 and MYH15 orthologues are present in frogs and birds, coding for chicken slow myosin 2 and ventricular MYH, respectively, whereas only MYH14 orthologues have been detected in fish. In all species the MYH14 gene contains a microRNA, miR-499. Here we report that in rat and mouse, MYH14 and miR-499 transcripts are detected in heart, slow muscles and extraocular (EO) muscles, whereas MYH15 transcripts are detected exclusively in EO muscles. However, MYH14 protein is detected only in a minor fibre population in EO muscles, corresponding to slow-tonic fibres, and in bag fibres of muscle spindles. MYH15 protein is present in most fibres of the orbital layer of EO muscles and in the extracapsular region of bag fibres. During development, MYH14 is expressed at low levels in skeletal muscles, heart and all EO muscle fibres but disappears from most fibres, except the slow-tonic fibres, after birth. In contrast, MYH15 is absent in embryonic and fetal muscles and is first detected after birth in the orbital layer of EO muscles. The identification of the expression pattern of MYH14 and MYH15 brings to completion the inventory of the MYH isoforms involved in sarcomeric architecture of skeletal muscles and provides an unambiguous molecular basis to study the contractile properties of slow-tonic fibres in mammals.
Bid for Better Beef Gives Japan a Leg Up on Cattle (1998)

ANIMAL CLONINGNARA, JAPAN-- Since the arrival of Dolly, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult, five Japanese groups have reported the births of 19 calves cloned from adult cows. The first scientific paper resulting from these efforts appears on page [2095][1]. In it a team reports cloning eight calves from cells taken from the tissue that surrounds the egg cells of a single adult cow by closely following the nuclear transfer technique used to produce Dolly. Particularly significant is the group's success rate: Of 10 implanted embryos, eight were carried to term, although four died soon after birth. That rate is far higher than for any other group attempting to clone large mammals.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/282/5396/2095
Heat‐induced geometrical isomerization of α‐linolenic acid: Effect of temperature and heating time on the appearance of individual isomers (1993)

The formation of linolenic acid geometrical isomers (LAGIs) was studied in linseed oil that was heated under vacuum in sealed ampoules at different temperatures (190–260°C) for several durations (2–16 h). A temperature of about 190°C seems to be necessary to induce the formation of LAGIs. At higher temperatures, disappearance of linolenic acid follows a first‐order kinetic. The formation of LAGIs increases with both heating time and temperature, degrees of isomerization of linolenic acid higher than 50–60% could easily be obtained by simply heating the oil under vacuum. Side reactions remain at a low level. The mean probabilities of isomerization of individual ethylenic bonds are similar to those determined in linolenic acid‐containing oils marketed in European countries, 41.9, 4.7 and 53.3% for double bonds in positions 9, 12 and 15, respectively. The di‐ trans t,c,t (trans,cis,trans) isomer is formed via the mono‐ trans c,c,t and t,c,c isomers by a two‐step reaction. The proportions of the c,c,t and t,c,c isomers (relative to total LAGIs) decrease linearly with the heating time. The proportion of the c,t,c isomer is only slightly affected by this parameter; however, it increases with temperature. The proportion of the t,c,t isomer increases linearly with heating time at each tested temperature, at the expense of the c,c,t and t,c,c isomers. However, there is no simple relationship linking the disappearance of each of the mono‐ trans isomers and the formation of the di‐ trans isomer.
Molecular and Functional Properties of the Human α1G Subunit That Forms T-type Calcium Channels (2000)

We describe here several novel properties of the human alpha(1G) subunit that forms T-type calcium channels. The partial intron/exon structure of the corresponding gene CACNA1G was defined and several alpha(1G) isoforms were identified, especially two isoforms that exhibit a distinct III-IV loop: alpha(1G-a) and alpha(1G-b). Northern blot and dot blot analyses indicated that alpha(1G) mRNA is predominantly expressed in the brain, especially in thalamus, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Additional experiments have also provided evidence that alpha(1G) mRNA is expressed at a higher level during fetal life in nonneuronal tissues (i.e. kidney, heart, and lung). Functional expression in HEK 293 cells of a full-length cDNA encoding the shortest alpha(1G) isoform identified to date, alpha(1G-b), resulted in transient, low threshold activated Ca(2+) currents with the expected permeability ratio (I(Sr) > I(Ca) >/= I(Ba)) and channel conductance ( approximately 7 pS). These properties, together with slowly deactivating tail currents, are typical of those of native T-type Ca(2+) channels. This alpha(1G)-related current was inhibited by mibefradil (IC(50) = 2 microM) and weakly blocked by Ni(2+) ions (IC(50) = 148 microM) and amiloride (IC(50) > 1 mM). We showed that steady state activation and inactivation properties of this current can generate a "window current" in the range of -65 to -55 mV. Using neuronal action potential waveforms, we show that alpha(1G) channels produce a massive and sustained Ca(2+) influx due to their slow deactivation properties. These latter properties would account for the specificity of Ca(2+) influx via T-type channels that occurs in the range of physiological resting membrane potentials, differing considerably from the behavior of other Ca(2+) channels.
Semiconductor Electrodes. 44. Photoelectrochemistry at Polycrystalline p‐Type WSe2 Films (1982)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells based on layered semiconductors are particularly attractive for solar energy conversion for a number of reasons. The preparation of polycrystalline p-WSe/sub 2/ electrodes which show better than 1% red light efficiencies in photovoltaic (regenerative) PEC cells is described. The PEC behavior of these electrodes was investigated in cells containing a number of redox couples. It is difficult to account for the success of these polycrystalline films as photoelectrodes compared to earlier preparations. The method of surface pretreatment of the substrate appears to be important. 27 refs.
What's the point of placements? (1995)

ABSTRACT Although the clinical placement is a major component in the education of student speech and language therapists, there has been little research about the nature of the placement as a learning experience. This paper reports a study which elicited the views of participants in clinical placements organised by two universities. The results of a detailed questionnaire, completed by 45 final‐year students, 173 clinicians and 15 lecturers revealed little agreement on the factors which were deemed most important for students' learning on placements. In summary: Students valued: independent decision‐making, clinical and general management skills and getting through/passing the course. Clinicians valued: professional competence, clinical and general management skills and careers commitment. Lecturers valued: interpersonal and social skills, clinical and general management skills and relating theory to practice. This apparent mis‐match of perceptions could have major implications for the participants who may be unaware that they have different expectations for placement outcomes and yet are all involved in the assessment process. Some explanations of this disparity are explored. It is suggested that a strong influencing factor is the lack of coherent theories, either of therapy itself or the ways in which therapy is taught and learned. Current learning on clinical placements may be described as an apprenticeship in which students learn to follow clinical procedures passed down from the ‘master’ clinician. Absence of explicit theory ensures that participants' subjective viewpoints — rather than theoretical orientation — form the basis of the process of learning to become a speech and language therapist.
Laws of organization in perceptual forms. (1938)

Theoretically I might say there were brightnesses and nuances of colour. Do I have 327? No. I have sky, house, and trees. It is impossible to achieve 327 as such. And yet even though such droll calculation were possible and implied, say, for the house 120, the trees 90, the sky 117 -I should at least have this arrangement and division of the total, and not, say, 127 and 100 and 100; or 150 and 177.
CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE L'EQUIVALENCE EN PROSPECTION ELECTRIQUE (COURANT CONTINU ET MAGNETOTELLURIQUE)* (1975)

A bstract In all electrical methods (EM, MT, DC), a theoretical one‐to‐one relation links the apparent resistivity diagram at a station with the local distribution of the resistivities in a tabular earth. Unfortunately, the actual field diagrams derive from a few measurements of limited accuracy and the one‐to‐one relation vanishes. Calculating the distribution of the earth resistivities from the field diagrams is thus an undetermined problem, which experience has shown to be partly controlled by approximate laws of “equivalence”. The use of these rough rules can produce only a very restricted number of the resistivity distributions that correspond to calculated diagrams which do not differ from a given field curve by more than a tolerable discrepancy. On the other hand, the full set of such “equivalent” solutions is given automatically by a computer program. Tests made on field examples prove that a few geological data generally reduce the wide range of undetermination.
CHR-2797: An Antiproliferative Aminopeptidase Inhibitor that Leads to Amino Acid Deprivation in Human Leukemic Cells (2008)

CHR-2797 is a novel metalloenzyme inhibitor that is converted into a pharmacologically active acid product (CHR-79888) inside cells. CHR-79888 is a potent inhibitor of a number of intracellular aminopeptidases, including leucine aminopeptidase. CHR-2797 exerts antiproliferative effects against a range of tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo and shows selectivity for transformed over nontransformed cells. Its antiproliferative effects are at least 300 times more potent than the prototypical aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin. However, the mechanism by which inhibition of these enzymes leads to proliferative changes is not understood. Gene expression microarrays were used to profile changes in mRNA expression levels in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 treated with CHR-2797. This analysis showed that CHR-2797 treatment induced a transcriptional response indicative of amino acid depletion, the amino acid deprivation response, which involves up-regulation of amino acid synthetic genes, transporters, and tRNA synthetases. These changes were confirmed in other leukemic cell lines sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of CHR-2797. Furthermore, CHR-2797 treatment inhibited phosphorylation of mTOR substrates and reduced protein synthesis in HL-60 cells, both also indicative of amino acid depletion. Treatment with CHR-2797 led to an increase in the concentration of intracellular small peptides, the substrates of aminopeptidases. It is suggested that aminopeptidase inhibitors, such as CHR-2797 and bestatin, deplete sensitive tumor cells of amino acids by blocking protein recycling, and this generates an antiproliferative effect. CHR-2797 is orally bioavailable and currently undergoing phase II clinical investigation in the treatment of myeloid leukemia.
Accurate and simple optical frequency stabilization for a coherent multichannel system (1992)

Previously published optical frequency stabilization schemes needed development of a fair amount of extra hardware. The authors use a personal computer and a standard heterodyne receiver to perform optical frequency stabilization with a 40-channel capability and only +or-80 MHz channel separation drift. This eliminates a large part of the overhead costs of frequency stabilization in coherent optical multichannel systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acoustic signatures from deep water implosions of spherical cavities (1976)

Hollow glass spheres of various sizes have been preweakened to implode at ocean depths of approximately 3 km and sunk using chain weight. Acoustic signals generated from the implosion of these spheres have been analyzed. Pressure signatures, energy-density spectra, and total acoustic energy in the frequency band 96–5000 Hz are presented. The signatures of all the implosions have many features in common. Basically each consists of a low flat negative-pressure pulse followed by a sharp positive-pressure spike of roughly 0.2-msec duration. The efficiency of the conversion of available potential energy to radiated acoustic energy is approximately 18%. Total radiated acoustic energy for spheres of 43.2-cm diameter imploding at a 3-km depth is about 53 dB re 1 J. Preweakened glass spheres show promise as a tool in the study of the sedimentary structure of the ocean bottom due to the impulsive character of the signal that is radiated upon implosion. Subject Classification: [43]30.50, [43]30.60, [43]30.70.