gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Value-based dispatching for semiconductor wafer fabrication (2002)

The semiconductor industry has primarily emphasized lot dispatching decisions in order to achieve customer on-time delivery (OTD) satisfaction. Other dispatch objectives include reaching throughput and cycle time goals. However, the overall purpose of any commercial endeavor is to make money now and in the future. This paper presents a prototype lot dispatching system with the objective of "Value-Based Dispatching" (VBD) that proposes additional objectives such as profit maximization, market share growth, technology development along with achieving manufacturing goals. Required inputs for value-based dispatching beyond conventional OTD data include wafer costs, lot size, die count, net yield, and average selling price. This system utilizes a multi-rule based criteria to calculate the current value for each lot in a semiconductor wafer fab. This lot value is used in place of typical slack-time or critical ratio. Manufacturing objectives such as bottleneck starvation avoidance and resource utilization are also embedded into the dispatching system. A comparison of outputs such as profit and on-time delivery are also presented for VBD vs. OTD lot dispatching systems.
Pentoxifylline Improves Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Erythropoietin-resistant Anemia in Renal Failure (2004)

It was hypothesized that pentoxifylline might improve the response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) in anemic renal failure patients. Sixteen patients with ESRD and rh-Epo-resistant anemia, defined by a hemoglobin of <10.7 g/dl for 6 mo before treatment and a rh-Epo dose of > or =12,000 IU/wk, were recruited. They were treated with oral pentoxifylline 400 mg o.d. for 4 mo. Ex vivo T cell generation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) from the patients was assessed before treatment and 6 to 8 wk after therapy. A total of 12 of 16 patients completed the study. Before therapy, the 12 patients' mean hemoglobin concentration was 9.5 +/- 0.9 g/dl. After 4 mo of pentoxifylline treatment, the mean hemoglobin concentration increased to 11.7 +/- 1.0 g/dl (P = 0.0001). Baseline ex vivo T cell expression of TNF-alpha decreased from 58% +/- 11% to 31% +/- 23% (P = 0.0007) after therapy. Likewise, IFN-gamma expression decreased from 31% +/- 10% to 13% +/- 10% (P = 0.0002). Pentoxifylline therapy may significantly improve the hemoglobin response in patients with previously rh-Epo-resistant anemia in renal failure. This may occur due to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, which could interfere with the effectiveness of rh-Epo.
<![CDATA[<b>Myocardial infarction and aortic dissection</b>: <b>an important differential diagnosis</b>]]> (2004)

We report on a case of a 54-year-old man suffering from untreated high blood pressure who presented with a hypertensive emergency and target-organ damage. Initially, he was treated for myocardial infarction but later was diagnosed as having a type-A aortic dissection which was successfully operated with adequate control of blood pressure within the first 24 hours. We emphasize the necessity of the differential diagnosis of thoracic pain in the hospital emergency department and the correct treatment of arterial hypertension aiming at a better prognosis over the long term.
A novel gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit (rho 2) cloned from human retina forms bicuculline-insensitive homooligomeric receptors in Xenopus oocytes (1994)

The rho 2 subunit, a novel GABA receptor subunit, has been cloned from a human retinal complementary DNA library. This subunit shares 74% amino acid sequence identity with the rho 1 subunit that forms homooligomeric bicuculline-, barbiturate-, and benzodiazepine-insensitive GABA receptors. The rho 2 subunit also forms homooligomeric GABA-activated chloride channels when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The amplitudes of the whole-cell currents of rho 2 receptors are always smaller than those of rho 1 receptors, but the affinity and cooperativity of GABA are very similar. Like the rho 1 subunit, the currents generated by rho 2 are insensitive to GABAA receptor modulators including bicuculline, hexobarbital, and diazepam and can be reversibly inhibited by ZnCl2. Homooligomeric rho 2 and rho 1 receptors are less sensitive to muscimol and picrotoxin, and desensitize slower than GABAA receptors. These data demonstrate that homooligomeric receptors formed by rho 2 and rho 1 subunits have a number of electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics that differ from receptors formed by GABAA receptor subunits. The distinctive properties of rho receptors are very similar to those of bicuculline-insensitive GABA-gated chloride channels identified in retina, suggesting a molecular basis for this form of GABA receptor in visual pathways.
Fluorescent protein tools for studying protein dynamics in living cells: a review (2008)

We have witnessed remarkable advances over the past decade in the application of optical techniques to visualize the genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) in living systems. The imaging of the FPs inside living cells has become an essential tool for studies of cell biology and physiology. FPs are now available that span the visible spectrum from deep blue to deep red, providing a wide choice of genetically encoded fluorescent markers. Furthermore, some FPs have been identified that have unusual characteristics that make them useful reporters of the dynamic behaviors of proteins inside cells. These additions to the FP toolbox are now being used for some very innovative live-cell imaging applications. Here, we will highlight the characteristics and uses of a few of these exceptional probes. Many different optical methods can be combined with the FPs from marine organisms to provide quantitative measurements in living systems.
Dual wavelength demultiplexing by coupling and decoupling of photonic crystal waveguides (2004)

We demonstrate that the fundamental mode of the two coupled photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) can be odd parity in a triangular photonic crystal and their dispersion curves do intersect. Thus, the PCWs are decoupled at the crossing point. By employing the decoupling at the crossing-point frequency and ultra short coupling length for another frequency, we designed a dual-wavelength demultiplexer with a coupling length of only two wavelengths and output power ratio as high as 15 dB. A loop-shape PCW is adapted to eliminate the backward energy flow.
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYPENTANAL (1989)

(1989). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYPENTANAL. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 344-346.
Multiply Attenuated, Self-Inactivating Lentiviral Vectors Efficiently Deliver and Express Genes for Extended Periods of Time in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes In Vivo (2003)

Lentivectors efficiently transduce and express genes for extended periods of time in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Lentivectors provide a useful tool for studying myocardial biology and a potential system for gene heart therapy.
User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction (1986)

Contents: S.W. Draper, D.A. Norman, C. Lewis, Introduction. Part I:User Centered System Design. K. Hooper, Architectural Design: An Analogy. L.J. Bannon, Issues in Design: Some Notes. D.A. Norman, Cognitive Engineering. Part II:The Interface Experience. B.K. Laurel, Interface as Mimesis. E.L. Hutchins, J.D. Hollan, D.A. NormanDirect Manipulation Interfaces. A.A. diSessa, Notes on the Future of Programming: Breaking the Utility Barrier. Part III:Users' Understandings. M.S. Riley, User Understanding. C. Lewis, Understanding What's Happening in System Interactions. D. Owen, Naive Theories of Computation. A.A. diSessa, Models of Computation. W. Mark, Knowledge-Based Interface Design. Part IV:User Activities. A. Cypher, The Structure of Users' Activities. Y. Miyata, D.A. Norman, Psychological Issues in Support of Multiple Activities. R. Reichman, Communication Paradigms for a Window System. Part V:Toward a Pragmatics of Human-Machine Communication. W. Buxton, There's More to Interaction Than Meets the Eye: Some Issues in Manual Input. S.W. Draper, Display Managers as the Basis for User-Machine Communication. Part VI:Information Flow. D. Owen, Answers First, Then Questions. C.E. O'Malley, Helping Users Help Themselves. L.J. Bannon, Helping Users Help Each Other. C. Lewis, D.A. Norman, Designing for Error. L.J. Bannon, Computer-Mediated Communication. Part VII:The Context of Computing. J.S. Brown, From Cognitive to Social Ergonomics and Beyond.
Serological studies on chemostat-grown cultures of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum (1979)

Lactobacillus fermentum NCTC 6991 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCIB 7220 were grown in a chemostat in the diffusible fraction of complex medium at pH 6.0 with glucose limitation. Organisms grown at different dilution rates (D) were injected into rabbits, and the resultant antisera were examined for reactivity with antigens previously isolated from batch-grown organisms. For L. fermentum, antisera obtained on injecting cells grown at D = 0.5 h-1 contained a significantly higher level of antibody reacting with lipoteichoic acid and a lower level of antibody reacting with wall polysaccharide than did antisera obtained with slower-growing cells (D = 0.05 and 0.033). Antibodies to the cell wall polysaccharide were alpha-D-glucosyl specific and cross-reacted with dextran and alpha-D-glucosyl ribitol teichoic acid from L. plantarum. The immunogenicity of the ribitol teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid components of L. plantarum was not influenced by injecting organisms grown at different rates. However, chemical and serological studies indicate that growth of L. plantarum in the diffusible fraction of complex medium results in a wall teichoic acid of lower glucose substitution. This apparently influences the specificity of the resultant antibodies so that some sera react much less with glucosyl-substituted lipoteichoic acid and dextran.
The utilization of agriculturally derived lignin as an antioxidant in asphalt binder (2007)

Oxidation is the primary cause of long-term aging in asphalt pavements. As a pavement oxidizes, it stiffens and can eventually crack. The use of an antioxidant as a performance enhancer in an asphalt binder could delay aging, thus increasing the life of an asphalt pavement. Lignin is a highly available and well-studied antioxidant. A wet-mill ethanol plant produces several co-products, some of which contain lignin. The use of lignin from ethanol production could provide a benefit to asphalt pavements and also give more value to the co-products. The following research examined the effects of lignin on asphalt pavements.\nThree lignin-containing co-products were separately combined with four asphalt binders in varying amounts to determine the optimum amount of co-product that would provide the greatest benefit to the asphalt binders. The asphalt binder and co-product blends were evaluated according to Superpave specifications and performance graded on a continuous scale. The data indicated a stiffening effect on the binder caused by the addition of the co-products. The more a co-product was added, the more a binder stiffened. Binder stiffening benefited the high temperature properties and the low temperature binder properties were negatively affected. However, the low temperature stiffening effects were small and in many cases not significant. The co-products had an overall effect of widening the temperature range of the binders. This result suggests some antioxidant activity between the binder and the lignin. Testing with a fourth co-product with no lignin supported the idea that lignin acts as an antioxidant. The samples with no lignin aged significantly more than the samples with lignin. Infrared spectrometry also supported the idea that lignin acts as an antioxidant by observing decreases in some oxidative aging products.
Etch Defect Characterization and Reduction in Hard-Mask-Based Al Interconnect Etching (2008)

This paper identifies the defect adders, for example, post hard-mask etch residue, post metal etch residue, and blocked etch metal island and investigates the removal characteristics of these defects within the oxide-masked Al etching process sequence. Post hard-mask etch residue containing C atom is related to the hardening of photoresist after the conventional post-RIE ashing at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>275</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext></mml:math>. An in situ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>-based plasma ashing on RIE etcher was developed to prevent the photoresist hardening from the high-ashing temperature; followed wet stripping could successfully eliminate such hardened polymeric residue. Post metal etch residue was caused from the attack of the Al sidewall by Cl atoms, and too much <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CHF</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> addition in the Al main etch step passivated the surface of Al resulting in poor capability to remove the Al-containing residue. The lower addition of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CHF</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> in the Al main etch step would benefit from the residue removal. One possibility of blocked etch metal island creating was due to the micromasking formed on the opening of TiN during the hard-mask patterning. We report that an additional TiN surface pretreatment with the Ar/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CHF</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>N</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> plasmas could reduce the impact of the micromasking residues on blocked metal etch.
Output tracking for actuator deficient/redundant systems (2000)

Presents an optimal-inversion-based approach to output tracking in linear, non-minimum phase systems with actuator redundancy or deficiency. For actuator-redundant systems, the methodology can be used to optimally allocate an output-tracking task between different actuators. For actuator-deficient systems, where exact tracking of all the output trajectories may not be possible, the methodology allows the optimal distribution of tracking efforts between different outputs. The methodology can also be used to achieve tradeoffs between output-tracking and other requirements such as avoiding actuator-saturations. The problem is posed as the minimization of a quadratic cost-functional and the solution is developed for linear systems. The technique is illustrated by applying it to output-tracking in a multiple-piezoactuator system, and experimental results are presented.
Effect of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment on the Microbial Growth and Quality of Chicken Legs during Storage (2008)

The effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) treatment on microbial growth and quality of chicken leg during storage was examined. Chicken leg samples were treated with 0, 50, and 100 ppm of ClO₂ solution and stored at 4℃. Aqueous ClO₂ treatment significantly decreased the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, and coliforms in chicken leg. One hundred ppm ClO₂ treatment reduced the initial populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, and coliforms by 0.93, 1.15, and 0.94 log CFU/g, respectively. The pH and volatile basic nitrogen values in the chicken leg decreased with increasing aqueous ClO₂ concentration, while concentrations thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased during storage regardless of aqueous ClO₂ concentration. Sensory evaluation results revealed that the quality of the chicken leg treated with aqueous ClO₂ during storage was better than that of the control. These results indicate that aqueous ClO₂ treatment can be useful for improving the microbial safety of chicken leg during storage.
The morphology of synovial lining of various structures in several species as observed with scanning electron microscopy. (1990)

Data concerning surface morphology of synovial lining of tendons, tendon sheaths, cruciate ligaments, infra-patellar fat pads and peripatellar synovial ridges in various species (rat, rabbit, dwarf goat, sheep, pig, dog, human) are reported on. Supportive studies with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy were performed. Three principal morphological appearances of the synovium are evident. On structures with a dense fibrous architecture like tendons, tendon sheaths and cruciate ligaments the intimal cells and processes are mostly slender and may tend to orientation in the length-axis of the structure. On the peri- and infrapatellar adipose tissues two principal 'extremes' are seen: one in which the contours of the fat cells are clearly visible with fungoid shaped structures in between them, and one in which the fat cell contours are not recognizable and the intima consists of cauliflower-like cells. Transitional forms exist. Several features observed on tendons and tendon sheaths which have not been reported on before are presented in this paper. A consistent classification of synovium is presented.
Ambient arylmagnesiation of alkynes catalysed by ligandless nickel(ii) (2013)

A simple and efficient catalytic arylmagnesiation of diarylacetylenes and aryl(alkyl)acetylenes is accomplished by NiCl2·6H2O at r.t. in the absence of stabilising ligands. The corresponding tetra-substituted alkenes can be obtained in good yields by subsequent treatment with different electrophiles.
Apochromatic optical correlation (2000)

Optical correlation, or matched filtering, can now be applied more widely than before, because the light is now allowed to be totally incoherent, spatially and spectrally. Two such correlators were demonstrated recently. Their state of chromatic correction can be called achromatic, since the scaling error has two zero crossings within the visible range of wavelengths. We present a new apochromatic correlator, in which the scaling error has three zero crossings. The maximum error and the rms error are reduced by a factor of 5. Our apochromatic correlator is composed of two highly dispersive heavy flint lenses that are in contact with two diffractive lenses and two chromatic corrected refractive lenses. The uncommon combination of flint dispersion and diffractive dispersion enabled us to achieve apochromatic correction of the scaling factor of the correlator.
Radiologic Measurements of Tumor Response to Treatment: Practical Approaches and Limitations (2008)

Objective response assessment is important to describe the treatment effect of anticancer drugs. Standardization by using a "common language" is also important for comparison of results from different trials. In contrast to clinical results, which can be subjective, diagnostic imaging provides a greater opportunity for objectivity and standardization. It was generally accepted that a decrease in tumor size correlated with treatment effect; as a result, imaging was adopted for lesion measurement in the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in 1979. However, because of some limitations of the WHO criteria, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) were introduced in 2000. In RECIST, imaging was recognized as indispensable for response evaluation of solid tumors. Nevertheless, the widespread use of multidetector computed tomography and other imaging innovations have made RECIST outdated, with a concomitant need for modifications. Meanwhile, newer anticancer agents with targeted mechanisms of action have demonstrated an inherent limitation and unsuitability of anatomic tumor evaluation that assesses only lesion size. In addition, the effect of these new drugs changes the paradigm according to which tumor response or response rate is measured. Complete and partial responses cannot be the end points in all clinical trials; in some cases, disease control or progression-free survival may be the more relevant end point.
Determination of Salivary Cortisol by ELISA and Its Application to the Assessment of the Circadian Rhythm in Children (1995)

In 35 young children, circadian rhythms of salivary cortisol levels were determined by ELISA using a commercially available kit with a minor modification. The concentration of labeled cortisol in the serum kit was reduced in order to measure cortisol in 10 microliters of saliva. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for salivary cortisol ranged from 2.4 to 9.9 and 3.2 to 8.9%, respectively. Recovery of salivary cortisol was 82.9-107.0%. There was a highly significant correlation between cortisol levels in saliva and serum in adults (r = 0.857). Salivary cortisol levels ranged from 0.01 to 2.252 micrograms/100 ml and showed significant diurnal variation in the children. Our ELISA is a precise, simple, noninvasive and useful method for clinical practice and study in infants and children.
Web Services Policy 1.5 - Attachment (2007)

This specification, Web Services Policy 1.5 - Attachment, defines two general-purpose mechanisms for associating policies, as defined in Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework, with the subjects to which they apply. This specification also defines how these general-purpose mechanisms may be used to associate policies with WSDL and UDDI descriptions.
A Rogowski coil for high voltage applications (2008)

The design of a large bandwidth Rogowski probe for very high voltage applications is considered, based on the analysis of stray capacitance and shielding issues. The Rogowski is interfaced to the measuring instrument through a high CMRR instrumentation amplifier. The focus is on electric field rejection rather than insulation, that is ensured with optical or radio link. Target application is the current measurement on high voltage electric railway and power transmission and distribution lines.
Design of a semantic parser with support to ellipsis resolution in a Chinese spoken language dialogue system (2001)

In this paper, a semantic parser with support to ellipsis resolution in a Chinese spoken language dialogue system is proposed. The grammar and parsing strategy of this parser is designed to address the characteristics of spoken language and to support the ellipsis resolution. Namely, it parses the user utterance with a domain-specific semantic grammar based on a template-filling approach. Syntactic constraints extracted by a Generalized LR parser are also used in the parsing process. With a paradigm of two-state bottom-up parsing and a scoring scheme, the ellipsis resolution module is integrated into the parser seamlessly. The parsing result is represented by a linked structure of semantic frames, which is convenient to both the parser and its successive components of the dialogue system.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma Management (2013)

Percutaneous bedside twist-drill drainage is a relatively safe and effective first-line management option. These findings may result in potential health cost savings and eliminate perioperative risks related to general anesthetic.
Is Routine Replacement of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters Necessary? (1998)

The hazard for catheter-related complications--phlebitis, catheter-related infections, and mechanical complications--did not increase during prolonged catheterization. The recommendation for routine replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters should be reevaluated considering the additional cost and discomfort to the patient.
Pseudodyssynergia (Contraction of the External Sphincter During Voiding) Misdiagnosed as Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and the Role of Biofeedback as a Therapeutic Option (1997)

These results indicate that some men who are categorized as having and empirically treated for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis are misdiagnosed and, in fact, have functional bladder outlet obstruction. Urodynamics are helpful in diagnosing and predicting success with behavior modification and biofeedback in these patients.