gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor NK activation induced by the Toll-like receptor 3-TICAM-1 (TRIF) pathway in myeloid dendritic cells (2006)

Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) recognize and respond to polyI:C, an analog of dsRNA, by endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and cytoplasmic receptors. Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in vivo by the administration of polyI:C to mice and in vivo are reciprocally activated by mDCs, although the molecular mechanisms are as yet undetermined. Here, we show that the TLR adaptor TICAM-1 (TRIF) participates in mDC-derived antitumor NK activation. In a syngeneic mouse tumor implant model (C57BL/6 vs. B16 melanoma with low H-2 expresser), i.p. administration of polyI:C led to the retardation of tumor growth, an effect relied on by NK activation. This NK-dependent tumor regression did not occur in TICAM-1(-/-) or IFNAR(-/-) mice, whereas a normal NK antitumor response was induced in PKR(-/-), MyD88(-/-), IFN-beta(-/-), and wild-type mice. IFNAR was a prerequisite for the induction of IFN-alpha/beta and TLR3. The lack of TICAM-1 did not affect IFN production but resulted in unresponsiveness to IL-12 production, mDC maturation, and polyI:C-mediated NK-antitumor activity. This NK activation required NK-mDC contact but not IL-12 function in in vivo transwell analysis. Implanted tumor growth in IFNAR(-/-) mice was retarded by adoptively transferring polyI:C-treated TICACM-1-positive mDCs but not TICAM-1(-/-) mDCs. Thus, TICAM-1 in mDCs critically facilitated mDC-NK contact and activation of antitumor NK, resulting in the regression of low MHC-expressing tumors.
Database design: composing fully normalized tables from a rigorous dependency diagram (1985)

A new simplified methodology for relational-database design overcomes the difficulties associated with nonloss decomposition. It states dependencies between data fields on a dependency list and then depicts them unambiguously as interlinked bubbles and doublebubbles on a dependency diagram. From the dependency diagram, a set of fully normalized tables is derived.
Lens Correction of Astigmatism in a Czerny-Turner Spectrograph (1968)

This paper presents measurements of astigmatism for a typical Czerny-Turner spectrograph and shows two ways of correcting astigmatism in this instrument by using lenses. For an f/6.3 instrument having a 0.75-m focal length collimating and camera mirror, the meridional and sagittal focal planes were separated approximately 15 mm at 60 mm left of the center of the film plane and approximately 43 mm at 70 mm to the right of the center of the plane, when the grating was set to put 5000 A in the center of the film plane. Measurements of astigmatism for different lines of the Hg spectrum with 5000 A in the center of the film plane showed the astigmatism to be determined primarily, if not entirely, by the angle at which the radiation left the grating and collimating mirror. The experimental results compared favorably with the theory given by Rosendahl. Two methods of correcting astigmatism by lenses were investigated: one experimental, the other theoretical. Both appear to be practical.
Error Minimization in Layered Manufacturing Parts by Stereolithography File Modification Using a Vertex Translation Algorithm (2013)

Layered manufacturing (LM) machines use stereolithography (STL) files to build parts by creating continuous slices on top of each other. An STL file approximates the surface of a part with planar triangles. This results in geometric errors being introduced in the part surface during the conversion from the CAD model to the STL file format, which in turn leads to errors in the LM manufactured part. CAD packages have built-in export options to reduce this CAD to STL conversion error. However, this is applied to the entire part geometry which leads to an increase in the file size and preprocessing time in LM machines. This paper presents a new approach to locally reduce this CAD to STL translation error. This approach, referred to as vertex translation algorithm (VTA), compares an STL facet to its corresponding CAD surface, computes the chordal error at multiple points on the STL surface, and translates the point with the maximum chordal error until it lies on the design surface. This translation results in the reduction of the chordal error locally without unnecessarily increasing the size of the STL file. In addition, a facet isolation algorithm (FIA) has also been developed and presented in this paper. This isolation algorithm extracts the STL facets corresponding to the surfaces and features of the part that have to be modified by the translation algorithm. The VTA is applied in conjunction with the FIA on a sample service part to reduce the form and profile error of critical features of the part in order to satisfy the tolerance callouts on the part.
Learning through multimedia (1991)

The creation of multimedia composition tools for young learners is addressed. The factors to consider in designing composing tools are discussed. Such a set of tools, called the Multimedia Works software environment, is described. It consists of three programs: Media Space, a multimedia database and research program; Multimedia Works Composer, a storyboarding and presentation program; and Video Light Table, a direct manipulation video-clip editor. The use of student participation in developing the tools is also described. Some problems that are being worked on are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved recommendation systems (2005)

We consider a model of competitive recommendation systems proposed by Drineas et al. [4]. In recommendation systems (e.g., for books or movies), the system tracks which product each user chose in the past, and tries to deduce which other products an asking user is likely to be satisfied with. Obviously, recommendation systems can be effective only for users who share preferences with many other users. Such users are said to belong to a type. Current approaches to on-line recommendation systems involve using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), which is computationally intensive and, more important, often applicable only under additional strong conditions. Specifically, correctness is guaranteed in [4] only if users of different dominant types essentially do not share a product they like (type separability), and only if the number of users in non-dominant types is significantly smaller than the number of users in dominant types (gap assumption). The complexity of that algorithm is O(mn), where m and n denote the number of users and products, respectively. In this paper, we show that in fact, very simple combinatorial algorithms can make good recommendations without using SVD. Our algorithms require neither the type separability nor the gap assumption, they are naturally amenable to distibuted computation, and their complexity is lower. In particular, the paper presents an O(m + n) time centralized algorithm and a distributed algorithm that can be implemented in a peer-to-peer model even in the presence of adaptively colluding malicious players, with only logarithmic over-head.
1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) attenuates gemcitabine-induced neutrophil extravasation (2019)

Cancer patients treated with chemotherapy often experience a rapid decline of blood neutrophils, a dose-limiting side effect called chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. This complication brings about dose reductions or cessation of chemotherapy during treatment of cancer patients because a rapid decline of neutrophil counts increases susceptibility to infection. Here, we found that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) attenuates gemcitabine-induced neutrophil extravasation via the inhibition of neutrophil-attracting chemokine production in macrophages using in vivo and in vitro approaches. A single intraperitoneal administration of gemcitabine induced the migration of circulating neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity in normal mice, and PLAG effectively decreased neutrophil migration by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules, L-selectin and LFA-1. Inhibition of CXCR2 by its antagonist, reparixin, abrogated gemcitabine-induced neutrophil migration, indicating that chemokines produced by gemcitabine mainly support neutrophil activation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PLAG inhibited NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-mediated reactive oxygen species production induced by gemcitabine, which is the upstream of MIP-2 and/or CXCL8. Importantly, PLAG down-regulated gemcitabine-induced membrane translocation of the cytosolic NOX subunit, Rac1, and phosphorylation of p47phox. The activation of upstream signaling molecules of p47phox phosphorylation, phospholipase C β3 and protein kinase C, were effectively regulated by PLAG. We also demonstrated that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleic-3-hydroxyl-rac-glycerol (PLH), the natural form of diacylglycerol, has no effects on gemcitabine-induced CXCL8 production and dHL-60 migration, suggesting that an acetyl group at the third position of the glycerol backbone may have a key role in the regulation of neutrophil activation. Altogether, this study suggests the potential of PLAG as a therapeutic strategy to modulate chemotherapy-induced neutrophil activation for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment.
Una meditazione filologica su "Amleto" (2010)

A dispetto del titolo, nel saggio non si fa davvero questione di filologia in senso stretto, se non riflettendo, a partire dalle "cruces" testuali ed interpretative, che in Amleto son forse davvero ovunque, intorno alle complesse, inesauribili questioni ermeneutiche poste dalla più celebre delle tragedie shakespeariane. Si muove dall'osservazione di alcune celebri riscritture moderne ("Hamletmaschine" di Heiner Müller, "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" di Tom Stoppard, "Ambleto" di Giovanni Testori) e di altre reinvenzioni drammaturgiche date dal teatro d'avanguardia, ma anche dalle molteplici, a volte contraddittorie, interpretazioni offerte dai traduttori novecenteschi - nel caso specifico, italiani, quali D. Angeli, M. Praz., G. Baldini, C. Garboli. Lo studio coniuga poi le suggestioni di illustri studiosi anglosassoni quali Bradley, Kermode, Greenblatt, Elam, con quelle di altri grandi lettori "irregolari" di Shakespeare del nostro tempo - René Girard, Jean Starobinski, Ernst Jones, Carl Schmitt - e con singolari, illuminanti voci italiche (Franco Moretti, Cesare Garboli, Leonardo Sciascia).
Design and optimization of extrusion dies using computer based simulations (1990)

Abstract Computer based simulations can be used to design and optimize commonly used industrial dies thereby reducing the need for costly modifications of a poorly designed die. Strategies are presented for the design and optimization of three types of extrusion dies, a mandrel pipe die, a spiral blown film die, and a coat‐hanger sheet die. The development of the computer model for each of the dies is presented. The assumptions made in the model and the numerical techniques employed in each of the simulations are outlined. Numerous examples are given to illustrate how each of the design simulations is used.
Parasites in algae mass culture (2014)

Parasites are now known to be ubiquitous across biological systems and can play an important role in modulating algal populations. However, there is a lack of extensive information on their role in artificial ecosystems such as algal production ponds and photobioreactors. Parasites have been implicated in the demise of algal blooms. Because individual mass culture systems often tend to be unialgal and a select few algal species are in wide scale application, there is an increased potential for parasites to have a devastating effect on commercial scale monoculture. As commercial algal production continues to expand with a widening variety of applications, including biofuel, food and pharmaceuticals, the parasites associated with algae will become of greater interest and potential economic impact. A number of important algal parasites have been identified in algal mass culture systems in the last few years and this number is sure to grow as the number of commercial algae ventures increases. Here, we review the research that has identified and characterized parasites infecting mass cultivated algae, the techniques being proposed and or developed to control them, and the potential impact of parasites on the future of the algal biomass industry.
Chemoprotective and Carcinogenic Effects of tert-Butylhydroquinone and Its Metabolites (2006)

Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) has been commonly used as a synthetic food antioxidant to prevent oils and fats from oxidative deterioration and rancidity due to its potent anti-lipid peroxidation activity. In North America, the maximum level of tBHQ allowed in fat products is 0.02% with an acceptable daily intake of 0-0.7 mg/kg body weight. Extensive studies have demonstrated that tBHQ exhibit anti-carcinogenic effect. The ability of tBHQ to induce phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway is thought to be responsible for the observed protective effect of tBHQ. It has been proposed that tBHQ enhances Nrf2-mediated transcription by promoting reactive oxygen species-mediated dissociation of Nrf2-Keap1, Nrf2 stabilization, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity, and MAPK pathway activation. In contrast to the beneficial effects of tBHQ, a number of studies have shown that chronic exposure to tBHQ may induce carcinogenicity. However, the precise mechanisms of tBHQ carcinogenicity are not well understood. The toxicity or carcinogenicity of tBHQ has been attributed to the formation of reactive GSH-conjugates, generation of reactive species, CYP1A1 induction, caspase activation and reduced GSH/ATP levels. This review provides an account of recent mechanisms proposed for both chemoprotective and carcinogenic effect of tBHQ.
Preparation of Gas Diffusion Electrodes by Electrophoretic Deposition (2004)

Gas diffusion electrodes were prepared by precipitates deposited from carbon-polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions using an electrophoretic deposition technique. The amount of the precipitate deposited on the oppositely charged electrode varied with the electrode substrate, suggesting that ions dissolved from the anode have the ability to coagulate particles. A cross-sectional analysis of the precipitate showed the profile of a functionally graded material. The ability of the gas diffusion electrode using Pt as a catalyst in alkaline solution to promote oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation was high. The fuel cell in which the gas diffusion electrodes were used generated 0.77 V at 0.3 A/cm2. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A Conjoint Analysis of Waterfowl Hunting in Louisiana (1993)

Abstract Conjoint analysis, widely used in marketing research, offers an alternative resource valuation approach suited to outdoor recreation activities characterized as multiattribute. Design, implementation, and interpretation of conjoint analysis are reviewed in the context of recreation applications. Conjoint analysis is used in an analysis of waterfowl hunting in Louisiana. Using primary data collected from a survey of waterfowl hunters, ordered logit is used to estimate willingness-to-pay for recreation experience attributes.
Nonequilibrium Roughening of Interfaces in Crystals under Shear: Application to Ball Milling (1995)

A simple kinetic atomistic model is proposed for describing crystals submitted to sustained shearing, acting in competition with thermally activated diffusion. Monte Carlo simulations are performed on alloys with positive heats of mixing. The results provide a clear understanding of recent experiments showing that chemical mixing of immiscible elements can be induced by ball milling. At moderate shearing rates, an analytical model shows that such driven systems exhibit nonequilibrium roughening.
Optimization principles for the neural code (1996)

Recent experiments show that the neural codes at work in a wide range of creatures share some common features. At first sight, these observations seem unrelated. However, we show that these features arise naturally in a linear filtered threshold crossing model when we set the threshold to maximize the transmitted information. This maximization process requires neural adaptation to not only the DC signal level, as in conventional light and dark adaptation, but also to the statistical structure of the signal and noise distributions. We also present a new approach for calculating the mutual information between a neuron's output spike train and any aspect of its input signal which does not require reconstruction of the input signal. This formulation is valid provided the correlations in the spike train are small, and we provide a procedure for checking this assumption. This paper is based on joint work (DeWeese M 1995 Optimization principles for the neural code, Dissertation, Princeton University). Preliminary results from the linear filtered threshold crossing model appeared in a previous proceedings (DeWeese M and Bialek W 1995 Information flow in sensory neurons, Nuovo Cimento D 17 733–8), and the conclusions we reached at that time have been reaffirmed by further analysis of the model.* This paper was presented at the Workshop on Information Theory and the Brain, held at the University of Stirling, UK, on 4–5 September 1995.
Personalized speech recognition on mobile devices (2016)

We describe a large vocabulary speech recognition system that is accurate, has low latency, and yet has a small enough memory and computational footprint to run faster than real-time on a Nexus 5 Android smartphone. We employ a quantized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) acoustic model trained with connectionist temporal classification (CTC) to directly predict phoneme targets, and further reduce its memory footprint using an SVD-based compression scheme. Additionally, we minimize our memory footprint by using a single language model for both dictation and voice command domains, constructed using Bayesian interpolation. Finally, in order to properly handle device-specific information, such as proper names and other context-dependent information, we inject vocabulary items into the decoder graph and bias the language model on-the-fly. Our system achieves 13.5% word error rate on an open-ended dictation task, running with a median speed that is seven times faster than real-time.
Correlation between <i>Bacillus subtilis scoC</i> Phenotype and Gene Expression Determined Using Microarrays for Transcriptome Analysis (2001)

The availability of the complete sequence of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome (F. Kunst et al., Nature 390:249-256, 1997) makes possible the construction of genome-wide DNA arrays and the study of this organism on a global scale. Because we have a long-standing interest in the effects of scoC on late-stage developmental phenomena as they relate to aprE expression, we studied the genome-wide effects of a scoC null mutant with the goal of furthering the understanding of the role of scoC in growth and developmental processes. In the present work we compared the expression patterns of isogenic B. subtilis strains, one of which carries a null mutation in the scoC locus (scoC4). The results obtained indicate that scoC regulates, either directly or indirectly, the expression of at least 560 genes in the B. subtilis genome. ScoC appeared to repress as well as activate gene expression. Changes in expression were observed in genes encoding transport and binding proteins, those involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide and/or nucleoside metabolism, and those associated with motility, sporulation, and adaptation to atypical conditions. Changes in gene expression were also observed for transcriptional regulators, along with sigma factors, regulatory phosphatases and kinases, and members of sensor regulator systems. In this report, we discuss some of the phenotypes associated with the scoC mutant in light of the transcriptome changes observed.
Highly Improved Precision of the Hypophysectomized Female Rat Body Weight Gain Bioassay for Growth Hormone by Increased Frequency of Injections, Avoidance of Antibody Formation, and Other Simple Modifications* (1987)

Mediocre precision has been a frustrating feature of the hypophysectomized female rat body weight gain bioassay for GH, especially human GH (hGH), in the original procedural format of injections once daily, ip, for 10-14 days. Consequently, the principal conditions that influence the bioassay's precision were identified and appropriately modified, by detailed systematic analysis of the daily body weight gain response to treatment with bovine GH (bGH) and hGH. Under identical conditions, the slope and precision of dose-response curves for hGH were markedly inferior to those for bGH. This prompted revision of the injection frequency for hGH to four times daily, sc. Dramatic improvement in slope and precision for hGH resulted, nearly equal to the excellent slope and precision attained for bGH with twice daily injections, sc. In addition, direct and indirect assessment of GH antibody formation pinpointed day 8 as the time of onset of growth-neutralizing antibodies, which are deleterious to precision and accuracy. Accordingly, the injection period was limited to 7 days. A warm environment of 31-32 C to sustain optimal animal health and responsiveness and objective specifications for selection of animals were also used. These modifications, incorporated into standardized procedures (four times daily injections, sc, 7 consecutive days, for hGH; twice daily injections, sc, 7 consecutive days, for bGH) produced a lambda, the index of precision, which hovered on the highly respectable bioassay value of 0.2 consistently and reliably. The demonstration of differing performance characteristics and differing immunogenicities of bGH and hGH in the rat invalidates the use of one as the reference standard for the bioassay of the other, and beclouds the quantitative meaning of all prior data derived in that way.
An Evaluation of Free- and Fixed-Vane Flowmeters with Curved- and Flat-Bladed Savonius Rotors (1994)

Speed and direction performances of flowmeters, designed by the authors for in-house use, employing an Aanderaa-type curved-bladed Savonius rotor and a free vane and an Aanderaa-type flat-bladed Savonius rotor and a fixed vane, are discussed. It has been observed that accuracy, linearity, and tilt response of a meter using the Aanderaa curved-bladed rotor is superior to those of a meter using the Aanderaa flat-bladed rotor. Analysis showed that the azimuth response of a flowmeter is affected by the presence of support rods surrounding its rotor. The change in azimuth response arises from flow pattern modifications in the vicinity of the rotor, imposed by the changes in the horizontal angle of the support rods of the rotor relative to the flow streamlines. While the use of two support rods may be suitable for a fixed-vane system, it is undesirable for a free-vane system where the meter's orientation with respect to the flow direction is not defined. Flow direction calibration results indicated that a fixed-vane system exhibits superior direction performance compared to a free-vane system. The comparatively poor direction performance of the free-vane system stems from the poor coupling to the “vane-follower” magnet from the external vane.