gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody recognition of common epitopes on Z-DNA and native DNA brominated under high salt. (1990)

Native calf thymus DNA brominated under high salt (4 M NaCl) adopt Z-/analogous conformation as indicated by UV absorption and difference spectra. The bromination of guanine (44%) was twice as effective as cytosine (22%) and induced thermal instability in the modified polymer. The changes are similar to those observed in Z-form of poly(dG.dC).poly(dG.dC). Antibodies were raised in rabbits against these conformationally altered nucleic acids. Both the polymers were highly immunogenic and produced high titer precipitating antibodies which were completely identical in double immunodiffusion. Immunoaffinity purified IgGs showed binding of common conformational epitopes on Z-DNA and brominated DNA. It is evident that on bromination in high salt, regions of native DNA attain Z-/analogous conformation along its strand.
Transverse modes of a laser resonator with Gaussian mirrors (1986)

Analytical methods are presented for transverse mode analysis of a laser resonator having spherical mirrors with a Gaussian reflectivity profile. The modes of this type of resonator have a form similar to that of the conventional Gaussian modes, but it is necessary to define an additional beam parameter to meet the self-consistency requirement for resonator modes. Stability of both the conventional complex beam parameter and the additional parameter is discussed. It is predicted mathematically that small perturbations in the new beam parameter will cause the intensity profile of the higher-order modes to evolve into that of the fundamental mode. Mode losses and discrimination are also discussed. The results may be useful in the design of regenerative laser amplifiers.
Sex Acts: Coverage of a Sex Debate by Australian Chinese Community Media (1997)

An article entitled 'Is she happy who marries a western man?' by Ms Shi Guo-ying published in theJanuary 1994 issue of the Great World, a Sydney-based Chinese community monthly magazine, triggered an animated debate centring on ethnicity and women's power over thier own sexuality. The debate engaged various Chinese community media in Sydney and Melbourne including the United Chinese Times, the Chinese Post, the Chinese Herald and the Chinese Migrant Bulletin. The debate was also covered to an extent by various mainstream Australian media including the Telegraph Mirror, Channel Nine and The Sydney Morning Herald. For example, the Sydney Morning Herald carried a news story entitled 'Chinese men offended by lover rating' (19 March 1994, 13). A live debate was held on 13 February 1994 in the Mandarin Club, one of the major public meeting venues for overseas and expatriate Chinese living in Sydney. It was not only covered by the local Chinese community media but also taped by the Central Chinese Television Station. Aftershocks were felt via the media in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan andsome other Chinese-speaking regions.
Using Template-Synthesized Micro- and Nanowires as Building Blocks for Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Architectures (1999)

Template-synthesized conductive polymer microwires and Au nanowires have been used as building blocks to self-assemble supramolecular architectures. In the conductive polymer case, biotin/streptavidin chemistry was used to self-assemble latex spheres onto the ends of the conductive polymer microwires. In the Au case, thiol chemistry was used to self-assemble colloidal Au nanoparticles onto the ends of the Au nanowires.
Octatetraene photoisomerization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOctatetraene photoisomerizationBryan E. KohlerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 1, 41–54Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00017a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Firmness Measurement of Stored `Delicious' Apples by Sensory Methods, Magness-Taylor, and Sonic Transmission (1992)

`Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from five major U.S. production areas were tested after ≈3 months of commercial storage. Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness, and sonic transmission spectra were compared with ripeness (maturity in trade terminology) scores assigned by six U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)-licensed apple inspectors according to USDA Grades and Standards inspection procedures. USDA ripeness categories are defined by textural and flavor terms. Inspectors in this test used visual, manual, oral, and auditory sensations to make their judgments, but firmness was the paramount characteristic judged. SSC and TA did not correlate with inspectors' scores, MT, or sonic measurements and thus are not satisfactory indices of ripeness for stored apples. Sonic resonance functions correlated significantly with mean inspectors' scores and with MT firmness. Inspectors' scores correlated slightly better with MT firmness than with sonic terms. MT is destructive and site-specific; in contrast, sonic measurements are nondestructive and representative of the entire fruit.
Requirements for Header Compression over MPLS (2005)

Voice over IP (VoIP) typically uses the encapsulation voice/RTP/UDP/IP. When MPLS labels are added, this becomes voice/RTP/UDP/IP/MPLS-labels. For an MPLS VPN, the packet header is typically 48 bytes, while the voice payload is often no more than 30 bytes, for example. Header compression can significantly reduce the overhead through various compression mechanisms, such as enhanced compressed RTP (ECRTP) and robust header compression (ROHC). We consider using MPLS to route compressed packets over an MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) without compression/decompression cycles at each router. This approach can increase the bandwidth efficiency as well as processing scalability of the maximum number of simultaneous flows that use header compression at each router. In this document, we give a problem statement, goals and requirements, and an example scenario.
Minimum description length criterion and segmentation map coding for region-based video compression (2001)

This paper presents a new technique for region-oriented video compression based on the minimization of a minimum description length (MDL) criterion. The proposed scheme is based on a region-based motion compensation approach, in which the displaced frame difference (DFD) is coded together with the segmentation map and the motion parameters. The region-based segmentation is approximated by a polygonal representation which permits us to significantly reduce the segmentation coding cost. The polygonal approximation, which minimizes the MDL criterion, is considered the optimal approximation in terms of compression performance. In this contest, the MDL criterion has been developed and tested for the three following DFD coding techniques: (1) entropy coding of the quantized DFD image; (2) entropy coding of the quantized DFD values obtained after morphological filtering of the DFD image; and (3) DCT-based coding of the DFD image. The experimental results, presented on real video sequences, validate the proposed approach.
Neutron scattering at high pressure (1976)

Neutron scattering spectra at pressures up to 30 kilobar in the temperature range 300–4 K have been obtained with a compact clamped type apparatus. The pressure cell geometry, by allowing the detection of neutrons scattered in a plane, makes it compatible with operation on crystal spectrometers, both for elastic and inelastic scattering. The instrument is light (4.5 kg) and easy to move. An external diameter of 68 mm makes the pressure cell adaptable to standard cryostats or furnaces.
Actinogan: a new antitumor agent obtained from Streptomyces. II. Studies with sarcoma 180 and in a tumor spectrum. (1962)

Studies of actinogan against Sarcoma 180 in vivo showed that it could inhibit tumor growth when administered by various parenteral routes and regimens but was totally ineffective orally. It inhibited, but to a lesser extent, the growth of established (96-hour) tumors. At nontoxic dose levels enhancement of survival and tumor regression above the levels encountered among controls were observed. Further studies in vivo on a spectrum of rodent tumors revealed that this agent displayed some activity in seventeen of the 28 test systems.
E<scp>XPERIMENTAL AND</scp>C<scp>OMPUTATIONAL</scp>M<scp>ETHODS IN</scp>C<scp>ARDIOVASCULAR</scp>F<scp>LUID</scp>M<scp>ECHANICS</scp> (2003)

▪ Abstract The characterization of blood flow is important for understanding the function of the cardiovascular system under normal and diseased conditions, designing cardiovascular devices, and diagnosing and treating congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease. Experimental methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be used to noninvasively quantify blood flow for diagnosing cardiovascular disease, researching disease mechanisms, and validating assumptions and predictions of mathematical models. Computational methods can be used to simulate blood flow and vessel dynamics, test hypotheses of disease formation under controlled conditions, and evaluate devices that have not yet been built and treatments that have not yet been implemented. In this article we review experimental and computational methods for quantifying blood flow velocity and pressure fields in human arteries. We place particular emphasis on providing an introduction to the physics and applications of magnetic resonance imaging, and surveying lumped parameter, one-dimensional, and three-dimensional numerical methods used to model blood flow.
Constructivity and Relational Belief (1983)

Relational or de re belief is normally contrasted with propositional or de dicto belief. A completely different distinction has been thought to be that between constructive and non-constructive reasoning. But if we say that a constructive belief is one justified to some extent by constructive reasoning, then we can see that constructive and relational belief are connected. Constructive belief arises from some kind of direct contact (or at least possible contact) with an object, and so does relational belief. In more detail, these two concepts are joined by the pragmatic notion of effective reference: a person can only have a constructive belief or a relational belief about an object if he can effectively refer to it. A speaker is said to use a singular term with effective reference if and only if he has the ability to decide effectively which object it refers to. Effective reference is a vague concept which comes in degrees, but these are also properties of constructive and relational belief. Effective reference is the basis of the most general theory or relational belief, and should itself be founded on an intensional semantics for the concept of ability. Quine puts forward an unacceptable analysis of ability, and any acceptable one would imply that his scepticism about relational belief is unjustified.
Aberrant Receptor Internalization and Enhanced FRS2-dependent Signaling Contribute to the Transforming Activity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 IIIb C3 Isoform (2008)

Alternative splice variants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) IIIb, designated C1, C2, and C3, possess progressive reduction in their cytoplasmic carboxyl termini (822, 788, and 769 residues, respectively), with preferential expression of the C2 and C3 isoforms in human cancers. We determined that the progressive deletion of carboxyl-terminal sequences correlated with increasing transforming potency. The highly transforming C3 variant lacks five tyrosine residues present in C1, and we determined that the loss of Tyr-770 alone enhanced FGFR2 IIIb C1 transforming activity. Because Tyr-770 may compose a putative YXXL sorting motif, we hypothesized that loss of Tyr-770 in the 770YXXL motif may cause disruption of FGFR2 IIIb C1 internalization and enhance transforming activity. Surprisingly, we found that mutation of Leu-773 but not Tyr-770 impaired receptor internalization and increased receptor stability and activation. Interestingly, concurrent mutations of Tyr-770 and Leu-773 caused 2-fold higher transforming activity than caused by the Y770F or L773A single mutations, suggesting loss of Tyr and Leu residues of the 770YXXL773 motif enhances FGFR2 IIIb transforming activity by distinct mechanisms. We also determined that loss of Tyr-770 caused persistent activation of FRS2 by enhancing FRS2 binding to FGFR2 IIIb. Furthermore, we found that FRS2 binding to FGFR2 IIIb is required for increased FRS2 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced transforming activity by Y770F mutation. Our data support a dual mechanism where deletion of the 770YXXL773 motif promotes FGFR2 IIIb C3 transforming activity by causing aberrant receptor recycling and stability and persistent FRS2-dependent signaling.
Bowditch lecture. Integrated regulation of intestinal epithelial transport: intercellular and intracellular pathways (1997)

The intestinal epithelium is an important site of active solute transport processes. Such processes include the secretion of electrolytes into the lumen, predominantly chloride and bicarbonate. These secretory mechanisms subserve a variety of functions, both physiological and pathophysiological, including maintenance of the fluidity of intestinal contents and mucosal defense. Both chloride and bicarbonate secretion are the subject of integrated regulatory mechanisms at both the intercellular and intracellular levels. The goal of this article is to discuss data that exemplify these two levels of regulation, which have been the subject of research in my laboratory. It is likely that some of these principles are also broadly applicable to secretory epithelial cells outside of the intestinal tract, such as those in the airway. I also discuss the ways in which we believe these regulatory mechanisms are involved not only in intestinal physiology but also perhaps in the pathogenesis of specific disease states.
Monitoring the microbial contamination of beef carcass tissue with a rapid chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate endpoint assay (2000)

A chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay was found to be an accurate and rapid means of gauging levels of beef carcass microbial contamination within 10 min. The assay demonstrated a high correlation with the total mesophilic bacterial and coliform surface populations from inoculated beef carcass surface tissues. This assay was tested on a set of actual beef carcass surface samples (n = 121) demonstrating the utility of the chromogenic LAL test as a means of monitoring carcass microbial contamination in a near real-time fashion. Classifying the chromogenic LAL results into four contamination groups was found to be a sound means of utilizing the resultant chromogenic LAL data for detecting carcasses with high levels of microbial contamination. For beef carcass testing, this assay can be used with no instrumentation other than the required 37 degrees C incubator and, as an option, a microplate reader.
Siderophore-Mediated Cargo Delivery to the Cytoplasm of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: Syntheses of Monofunctionalized Enterobactin Scaffolds and Evaluation of Enterobactin–Cargo Conjugate Uptake (2012)

The design and syntheses of monofunctionalized enterobactin (Ent, l- and d-isomers) scaffolds where one catecholate moiety of enterobactin houses an alkene, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid at the C5 position are described. These molecules are key precursors to a family of 10 enterobactin–cargo conjugates presented in this work, which were designed to probe the extent to which the Gram-negative ferric enterobactin uptake and processing machinery recognizes, transports, and utilizes derivatized enterobactin scaffolds. A series of growth recovery assays employing enterobactin-deficient E. coli ATCC 33475 (ent-) revealed that six conjugates based on l-Ent having relatively small cargos promoted E. coli growth under iron-limiting conditions whereas negligible-to-no growth recovery was observed for four conjugates with relatively large cargos. No growth recovery was observed for the enterobactin receptor-deficient strain of E. coli H1187 (fepA-) or the enterobactin esterase-deficient derivative of E. coli K-12 JW0576 (fes-), or when the d-isomer of enterobactin was employed. These results demonstrate that the E. coli ferric enterobactin transport machinery identifies and delivers select cargo-modified scaffolds to the E. coli cytoplasm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 K648 (pvd-, pch-) exhibited greater promiscuity than that of E. coli for the uptake and utilization of the enterobactin–cargo conjugates, and growth promotion was observed for eight conjugates under iron-limiting conditions. Enterobactin may be utilized for delivering molecular cargos via its transport machinery to the cytoplasm of E. coli and P. aeruginosa thereby providing a means to overcome the Gram-negative outer membrane permeability barrier.
Teaching and Training in Aviation Medicine in the United Kingdom (1985)

In the United Kingdom, training in aerospace medicine is provided by a range of post-graduate courses at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine. An Introductory Medical Officers' (IMO) course lasts for two weeks and is attended by all RAF doctors within the first few months of their entry to the Service. Its objective is to teach the elements of aviation physiology and medicine that they will need in the care of aircrew at a flying station. Four courses are held each year. A General Aviation Medicine (GAM) course is available to civilian doctors who wish to gain recognition as Authorized Medical Examiners of commercial aircrew, or who merely have an interest in the subject. It runs concurrently with the IMO course, and much of the material is common to both. Greater emphasis is, however, given to clinical teaching and to civil aviation. The GAM course also occupies two weeks of teaching. A course leading to the Diploma in Aviation Medicine is held once each year, and lasts for six months. It is open to all who have at least one year of previous experience, and has been attended by 244 military and civilian doctors from 25 countries. The D Av Med course covers every aspect of aerospace medicine at an advanced level, and its standard is at least as high as that of a M Sc degree. The Diploma is a recognised academic qualification awarded by the Royal College of Physicians. Royal Air Force medical officers receive an extra three weeks of training immediately following the D Av Med course, to educate them in procedures and policies specific to the RAF. This Advanced Course is essentially practical, and those who complete it are designated as Flight Medical Officers. They receive refresher training given at regular intervals thereafter. Aircrew are taught the basic principles of aviation medicine when they attend the RAF Aviation Medicine Training Centre for training in the use of their personal protective equipment assemblies. These courses are specific to the type of aircraft to be flown, and a pilot will undergo at least four during his flying career. Short courses of a specialised nature are also offered to clinical consultants, medical students, senior Air Force officers, nurses and others. It is now recognised in the United Kingdom that aviation medicine is a component of occupational medicine, and the Royal College of Physicians accepts the D Av Med as evidence of formal education in that branch of medicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrathin n-Type Organic Nanoribbons with High Photoconductivity and Application in Optoelectronic Vapor Sensing of Explosives (2010)

Well-defined ultrathin nanoribbons have been fabricated from an amphiphilic electron donor-acceptor (D-A) supramolecule comprising perylene tetracarboxylic diimide as the backbone scaffold to enforce the one-dimensional intermolecular assembly via strong pi-stacking. These nanoribbons demonstrated high photoconductivity upon illumination with white light. The high photoconductivity thus obtained is likely due to the optimal molecular design that enables a good kinetic balance between the two competitive processes, the intramolecular charge recombination (between D and A) and the intermolecular charge transport along the nanoribbon. The photoconduction response has also proven to be prompt and reproducible with the light turning on and off. The photogenerated electrons within the nanoribbon can be efficiently trapped by the adsorbed oxygen molecules or other oxidizing species, leading to depletion of the charge carriers (and thus the electrical conductivity) of the nanoribbon, as typically observed for n-type semiconductor materials as applied in chemiresistors. Combination of this sensitive modulation of conductivity with the unique features intrinsic to the nanoribbon morphology (large surface area and continuous nanoporosity when deposited on a substrate to form a fibril film) enables efficient vapor sensing of nitro-based explosives.
Time-lapse seismic data registration and inversion for CO2 sequestration study at Cranfield (2013)

ABSTRACT The time-lapse seismic survey for CO2 sequestration study at Cranfield can be problematic because of misalignments between time-lapse data sets. Such misalignments can be caused by the seismic data processing workflow and may result in the wrong interpretation of time-lapse seismic amplitude differences. We propose an efficient local-correlation-based warping method of registering the time-lapse poststack data sets, which can align these data sets without changing original amplitudes. Application of our registration method to Cranfield time-lapse data demonstrates its effectiveness in separating time-shift character from seismic amplitude signature. After registration, time-lapse differences show an improved consistency in vertical cross sections and a more localized distribution of difference amplitudes along the horizon, allowing us to apply a high-resolution basis pursuit inversion (BPI) for acoustic impedances. Inversion results show that decreases in acoustic impedances occur mostly at the top of the injection interval, which can be used as an indicator of rock properties to detect a subsurface CO2 plume.
A Novel Antiviral Intervention Results in More Accurate Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Dynamics and T-Cell Decay In Vivo (2003)

Mathematical models provide an understanding of in vivo replication kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). With a novel intervention designed for increased potency, we have more accurately deduced the half-lives of virus-producing CD4(+) T cells, 0.7 day, and the generation time of HIV-1 in vivo, approximately 2 days, confirming the dynamic nature of HIV-1 replication.