gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of erythema by reflectance spectroscopy (1987)

A fiber optics bundle was added to a Pye-Unicam scanning spectrophotometer allowing its use in quanti-tating erythema in vivo. Standard chamber irritation test sites were evaluated subjectively by a trained observer and objectively by quantitating the relative absorption of green light (570-580 nm) due to the presence of the hemoglobin chromophore. There appears to be a good relationship between subjective erythema scores and spectrophotometric readings. Reflectance spectroscopy rovides a valuable objective adjunct to the subjective evaluation of skin irritation.
Histopathological and Molecular Prognostic Markers in Medulloblastoma (2004)

Several molecular and histopathological prognostic markers have been proposed for the therapeutic stratification of medulloblastoma patients. Amplification of the c-myc oncogene, elevated levels of c-myc mRNA, or tumor anaplasia have been associated with worse clinical outcomes. In contrast, high TrkC mRNA expression generally presages longer survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of c-myc, N-myc and TrkC expression in medulloblastomas and compare them to histopathological classification. We used in situ hybridization to measure expression of these molecular markers. c-myc mRNA was detected in 18 of 59 (31%) cases, and was significantly associated with shorter patient survival times on both univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.04). The presence of c-myc mRNA was also significantly associated with tumor anaplasia. While survival rates were higher for patients with low N-myc or high TrkC expression, these differences were not statistically significant. The group of patients with either moderate or severely anaplastic tumors showed only a trend towards shorter survival (p = 0.11). However, severe anaplasia alone was significantly prognostic (p = 0.002). Given the prognostic import of c-myc, we investigated 2 potential mechanisms by which its expression might be regulated: Wnt signaling and Mxi-1 mutation. Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, a marker of Wnt pathway activation, was more common in medulloblastomas with high c-myc than in tumors overall, but the difference was not statistically significant. No Mxi-1 mutations were detected in the 22 cases examined. The association we describe between c-myc expression, tumor anaplasia, and worse clinical outcomes provides further evidence for the importance of this oncogene in medulloblastoma pathobiology.
Design of Robust Controller using Neural Network and Sliding Mode (2010)

This paper derives a nominal state relationship (NSR) from the data of a nominal system. Through an example of a second order system, it is shown that the relationship can be derived only in the system with different real eigenvalues. In higher order system, the relationship is expressed by using neural network (NN). The derived NSR is used to design a noble sliding surface with a nominal system characteristic. By using the sliding surface, the robustness of the sliding mode control (SMC) is added to the pole-placement control.
High temperature shape memory alloys (2010)

Abstract<title/>Shape memory alloys (SMAs) with high transformation temperatures can enable simplifications and improvements in operating efficiency of many mechanical components designed to operate at temperatures above 100°C, potentially impacting the automotive, aerospace, manufacturing and energy exploration industries. A wide range of these SMAs exists and can be categorised in three groups based on their martensitic transformation temperatures: group I, transformation temperatures in the range of 100-400°C; group II, in the range of 400-700°C; and group III, above 700°C. In addition to the high transformation temperatures, potential high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) must also exhibit acceptable recoverable transformation strain levels, long term stability, resistance to plastic deformation and creep, and adequate environmental resistance. These criteria become increasingly more difficult to satisfy as their operating temperatures increase, due to greater involvement of thermally activated mechanisms in their thermomechanical responses. Moreover, poor workability, due to the ordered intermetallic structure of many HTSMA systems, and high material costs pose additional problems for the commercialisation of HTSMAs. In spite of these challenges, progress has been made through compositional control, alloying, and the application of various thermomechanical processing techniques to the point that several likely applications have been demonstrated in alloys such as Ti-Ni-Pd and Ti-Ni-Pt. In the present work, a comprehensive review of potential HTSMA systems are presented in terms of physical and thermomechanical properties, processing techniques, challenges and applications.Keywords: High temperature shape memory alloysIntermetallicsThermomechanical processingShape memory effectSuperelasticityMartensitic transformation
Fine Particles Are More Strongly Associated than Coarse Particles with Acute Respiratory Health Effects in Schoolchildren (2000)

Numerous studies have reported associations between airborne particles and a range of respiratory outcomes from symptoms to mortality. Current attention has been focused on the characteristics of these particles responsible for the adverse health effects. We have reanalyzed three recent longitudinal diary studies to examine the relative contributions of fine and coarse particles on respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in schoolchildren. In the Harvard Six Cities Diary Study, lower respiratory symptoms in a two-pollutant model were associated with an interquartile range increment in fine particles [(for 15 microg/m3 particulate matter (PM) <2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.06, 1.57] but not coarse particles (for 8 microg/m3 PM2.5-10, odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CL = 0.90, 1.23). In Uniontown, PA, we found that peak flow was associated with fine particles (for 15 microg/m3 PM2.1, peak flow = -0.91 liters/minute, 95% CL = -0.14, -1.68), especially fine sulfate particles, but not with coarse particles (for 15 microg/m3 PM2.1-10, +1.04 liters/minute, 95% CL = -1.32, +3.40). We found similar results for an equivalent children's cohort in State College, PA. We conclude that fine particles, especially fine sulfate particles, have much stronger acute respiratory effects than coarse particles.
Fingerprint minutiae extraction using deep learning (2017)

The high variability of fingerprint data (owing to, e.g., differences in quality, moisture conditions, and scanners) makes the task of minutiae extraction challenging, particularly when approached from a stance that relies on tunable algorithmic components, such as image enhancement. We pose minutiae extraction as a machine learning problem and propose a deep neural network - MENet, for Minutiae Extraction Network - to learn a data-driven representation of minutiae points. By using the existing capabilities of several minutiae extraction algorithms, we establish a voting scheme to construct training data, and so train MENet in an automated fashion on a large dataset for robustness and portability, thus eliminating the need for tedious manual data labelling. We present a post-processing procedure that determines precise minutiae locations from the output of MENet. We show that MENet performs favourably in comparisons against existing minutiae extractors.
The Chemistry of Alane. III. Quaternary Ammonium Aluminohydrides (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Alane. III. Quaternary Ammonium AluminohydridesRobert Ehrlich, Archie R. Young II, and Donald D. PerryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 5, 758–759Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50027a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50027a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alterations of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ Activity Affect Fatty Acid-controlled Adipose Differentiation (2000)

Fatty acids have been postulated to regulate adaptation of adipose mass to nutritional changes by controlling expression of genes implicated in lipid metabolism via activation of nuclear receptors. Ectopic expression of the nuclear receptors PPARgamma or PPARdelta promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cells exposed to thiazolidinediones or long-chain fatty acids. To investigate the role of PPARdelta in fatty acid regulation of gene expression and adipogenesis in a preadipose cellular context, we studied the effects of overexpressing the native receptor or the dominant-negative PPARdelta mutant in Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A cells. Overexpression of PPARdelta enhanced fatty acid induction of the adipose-related genes for fatty acid translocase, adipocyte lipid binding protein, and PPARgamma and fatty acid effects on terminal differentiation. A transactivation-deficient form of PPARdelta mutated in the AF2 domain severely reduced these effects. Findings are similar in Ob1771 or 3T3-F442A preadipose cells. These data demonstrate that PPARdelta plays a central role in fatty acid-controlled differentiation of preadipose cells. Furthermore, they suggest that modulation of PPARdelta expression or activity could affect adaptive responses of white adipose tissue to nutritional changes.
Corticosteroid Inhibition of ACTH Secretion* (1984)

Corticosteroid feedback inhibits the brain-hypothalamo-pituitary units of the adrenocortical system. Naturally occurring corticosteroids may have their primary actions in vivo at brain and hypothalamic sites of feedback, whereas synthetic glucocorticoids that do not bind to transcortin may act primarily on corticotropes and regions of brain outside the blood-brain barrier. There appear to be three major time frames of corticosteroid action: fast, intermediate and slow. These time frames probably are the consequence of three separate mechanisms of corticosteroid action at feedback-sensitive sites. The rapidity of occurrence of fast feedback is not compatible with a nuclear site of corticosteroid action, and protein synthesis is not required. The action of CRF on ACTH release may be inhibited by a rapid effect of corticosteroids at the cell membrane. Since stimulated, but not basal, ACTH and CRF release are inhibited in vitro, the corticosteroids may inhibit some event in stimulus-secretion coupling (e.g., cAMP production). Intermediate feedback also decreases ACTH release in response to stimulation of the corticotrope, but does not affect ACTH synthesis; CRF synthesis and release both appear to be affected by the intermediate corticosteroid action. The mechanism of intermediate feedback requires the presence of a protein whose synthesis is corticosteroid-dependent; however, the role of this protein is unknown. Intermediate feedback, like fast feedback, apparently does not involve inhibition of total ACTH stores or the releasable pool of ACTH since basal secretion of ACTH is also not inhibited in vitro within this time domain. On the other hand, slow feedback apparently involves the classical genomic steroid mechanism of action; slow feedback reduces pituitary ACTH content by decreasing levels of mRNA encoding for POMC, the ACTH precursor molecule. Slow feedback, therefore, inhibits basal as well as stimulus induced ACTH secretion. Corticosteroid-induced inhibition of basal ACTH secretion has been shown to occur within 2 h in vivo but not in vitro. The time course and sensitivity of this feedback effect is different than that demonstrated for stimulus induced secretion. This difference suggests that basal secretion is activated by different pathways to (CRF and) ACTH secretion. There is some evidence that suggests that whereas comparator elements are not reset during stress, a comparator element is reset during the course of the circadian rhythm so that different basal levels of steroid are achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ as a potential oxygen carrier in a chemical looping type reactor, an in-situ powder X-ray diffraction study (2005)

Perovskite type materials which can change oxygen content quickly under changing oxygen partial pressures are believed to be suitable materials for chemical looping of natural gas. In order to investigate the oxidation/reduction of these materials in-situ powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ system. It was found that for samples with high iron content a hexagonal/orthorhombic to cubic phase transition was observed upon heating in a reductive atmosphere and that the cationic lattice is maintained upon reduction. On the other hand, the samples with high cobalt content were unstable with respect to heating in a reductive atmosphere as they decomposed to form La2O3, Co and at least one additional phase. Once a suitable candidate had been obtained a chemical looping experiment was carried out using H2 as a model fuel, again using in-situ powder X-ray diffraction.
Flue gas interactions of mercury, chlorine, and ash during coal combustion (1998)

The interaction between the coal combustion flue gas components mercury, chlorine, and entrained fly ash particulate was investigated experimentally using a 42 MJ- or 40,000-Btu/hr, downfired, combustion system. A low-Cl, Powder River Basis (PRB) subbituminous coal with 0.052 ppm Hg was burned at an excess O{sub 2} concentration of 8.5%. HCI was injected into the hot zone of the furnace at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppmv. Tests involving the injection of 10 {mu}g/m{sup 3} Hg{sup 0} (elemental Hg) and 100 ppmv HCI into a simple heated gas mixture were also conducted. A modified US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 29 sample train, developed by Radian International and evaluated at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC), was used for determining Hg emission and speciation at the baghouse inlet of the system. EPA Method 26 was used for determining Cl emission and speciation, and on-line analyzers were employed during most tests to monitor total Hg, Hg{sup 0}, HCl, O{sub 2} CO{sub 2}, CO, SO{sub 2}, and NO concentrations. Fly ash was sampled from the baghouse and analyzed for Hg, Cl, and C after each coal test. Baseline testing of the PRB coal indicated that on average 40%, 20%, and 40%more » of the total Hg in the flue gas was present as particle-associated mercury (Hg[p]), gaseous divalent mercury (Hg{sup 2+}[g]), and gaseous elemental mercury (Hg{sup 0}[g]), respectively. In comparison, Hg speciation of the HCl-spiked flue gases was 10% Hg(p), 30% Hg{sup 2+}(g), and 60% Hg{sup 0}(g). Hg mass balance closures were acceptable (85% {+-} 12%). Cl speciation analyses indicated that >98% of the injected HCl remained as HCl. In the lower-temperature environment of the baghouse, fly ash from the baseline coal test has depleted in Cl relative to the ashes produced from the 50- and 100-ppmv HCl injection tests. Hg concentrations of the baghouse fly ash samples were not directly correlated to ash Cl or C contents. The PRB coal tests indicate that the expected conversions of Hg{sup 0}(g) to Hg(p) and Hg{sup 2+}(g) with HCl injection did not occur. Conversely, HCl injection converted most of the Hg(p) to Hg{sup 0}(g). The injection of Hg{sup 0}(g)-HCl into the simple heated gas mixture resulted in the expected conversion of Hg{sup 0}(g) to Hg{sup 2+}(g) in the combustor. Consequently, the presence of PRB coal combustion flue gas components (i.e., other gases and/or entrained particulate) promoted the remobilization of Hg(p) to Hg{sup 0}(g) during HCl injection.« less
Characterization of Lithium Insertion into NASICON-Type Li[sub 1+x]Ti[sub 2−x]Al[sub x](PO[sub 4])[sub 3] and Its Electrochemical Behavior (2010)

Na super ionic conductor (NASICON) materials from the solid solution were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction. A combination of powder X-ray diffraction analysis, , , and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques was used to fully characterize the lithium insertion into these materials. The electrochemical study showed the reversibility of the process with a hysteresis loop observed during the discharge–charge cycles and the existence of a large biphasic domain. At a discharge rate of C/20, the amount of lithium intercalated during the first cycle was about 0.9 Li/formula unit . Under equilibrium conditions, some differences were observed depending on , with the maximum quantity of intercalated lithium corresponding to 1.6 Li/formula unit . Profile refinement of X-ray powder diffraction patterns of pristine samples was achieved with , but that of intercalated samples was achieved with the space group. magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS–NMR) and susceptibility measurements allowed the estimation of the Ti(IV)-to-Ti(III) reduction extent. From the MAS-NMR spectra, the structural sites and the mobility of lithium were investigated in pristine and intercalated samples. In general, it was observed that exchange processes between structural sites increase with the amount of Li and Al.
Hydrogen elimination and phase transitions in pulsed-gas plasma deposition of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon (1997)

Removal of hydrogen from the growth surface during silane plasma deposition of silicon is correlated with the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline film structure. Plasma deposition experiments were performed using a pulsed gas technique, where repeated steps of thin amorphous silicon film deposition, and atomic hydrogen (or deuterium) exposure are used to form microcrystalline and polycrystalline thin films at substrate temperatures below 250 °C. Infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy are used to estimate the silicon-hydrogen bonding concentrations, and characterize crystal structure, respectively. Hydrogen elimination probed using real-time differentially pumped mass spectroscopy demonstrates that during atomic deuterium exposure, hydrogen abstraction by deuterium, rather than silicon etching, is the primary mechanism for hydrogen removal from the depositing surface. Polycrystalline material, with no shoulder at 480 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum, and grain sizes greater than 1000 Å, as determined by transmission electron microscopy, have been formed at temperatures below 250 °C. The amorphous to crystal transition is observed at substrate temperatures as low as 25 °C, with longer hydrogen exposure required at lower temperatures. Hydrogen is shown to be preferentially abstracted from monohydride (Si–H) units as compared to dihydride (SiH2) units at or near the depositing growth surface, consistent with ab initio energy calculations of hydrogen interactions with silicon hydrides. A transition in hydrogen removal kinetics is observed upon film crystallization, where the rate of hydrogen removal is reduced for more crystalline materials. These results are valuable for understanding surface reactions in low temperature crystalline silicon deposition, for example, for fabrication of high mobility thin film transistor structures on glass.
High dielectric constant conjugated materials for organic photovoltaics (2017)

Efforts to increase the relative permittivities of organic semiconducting materials and their effect on organic solar cell performance are evaluated.
Inverse Analysis Considering the Effect of Modeling Error by Extended Objective Function (1999)

The covariance matrix of observation error is very important to estimate the credibility of the updated model. Besides the accuracy of the measurement devices, modeling error is also very importan as a factor of observation error. However, it is very difficult to consider every factor of the modeling error. In order to determine the level of the observation error from observation data statistically, the objective function for the inverse analysis is extended based on the maximum likelihood method. As an example, we discuss the identification problem of dynamic soil properties, in which the estimation of observation error and model selection by using information criteria such as AIC are demonstrated.
Power control in an LPI adaptive frequency-hopping system for HF communications (1997)

Frequency-hopping is considered to be an effective method for combating active jamming in military radio systems. To further improve the performance, so-called adaptive frequency-hopping (AFH), which uses an adaptively selected pool of the “best” hopping-frequencies for the communication, has been proposed. In this paper, we extend the adaptivity of the AFH scheme by adjusting the transmitted power on each channel individually. We investigate two novel power control algorithms; one that minimizes the initial bit error probability for every data frame, and one that aims at good LPI (low probability of intercept) properties by distributing the power so that all channels obtain the same signal-to-interference ratio (SSIR) at the receiver. Our analysis shows that the two power control algorithms give approximately equivalent communication performance. The resulting bit errors are mostly due to fast changes of the interfering signals which we cannot counteract with our relatively slow power control. Furthermore, the simulation results demonstrate the very good LPI capability of the SSIR algorithm.
Polymer-anchored metal oxide particles. 1. Superparamagnetic magnetite microcrystals stabilized by lignosulfonate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-anchored metal oxide particles. 1. Superparamagnetic magnetite microcrystals stabilized by lignosulfonateKaren L. Hassett, Linda C. Stecher, and David N. HendricksonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 2, 416–422Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50204a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50204a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts