gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vitro</i> Determination of the Optimal Particle Size for Nebulized Aerosol Delivery to Infants (2005)

We investigated the in vitro influence of breathing patterns on lung dose (LD) and particle size distribution in an infant upper airway cast model in order to determine the optimal particle size for nebulized aerosol delivery to infants. Budesol (nebulizer solution of budesonide) delivery from a perforated vibrating membrane nebulizer (eFlow Baby functional prototype) through an upper airway cast of a nine month old infant (SAINT-model) was measured at a fixed respiratory rate (RR) of 30 breaths per minute (bpm) and a tidal volume (Vt) of 50, 100, and 200 mL, respectively, and at a fixed Vt of 100 mL and a RR of 30, 60, and 78 bpm, respectively. LD expressed as a percentage of the nominal dose (ND; range, 5.8-30.3%) decreased with increasing Vt (p < 0.001) and with increasing RR (p < 0.001). Median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) after passage (range, 2.4-3.4 microm) through the upper airway cast showed a negative correlation with increasing Vt (p < 0.001) and with increasing RR (p = 0.015). Particles available as LD for all simulated breathing pattern showed a particle size distribution with a MMAD of 2.4 microm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.56. From our in vitro study, we conclude that the optimal particle size for nebulized aerosols for inhalation therapy for infants should have a MMAD of <2.4 microm.
Photofragmentation two‐photon laser‐induced fluorescence detection of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO: Comparison of measurements with model results based on airborne observations during PEM‐Tropics A (1999)

Measurements of NO and NO 2 are reported using a highly modified photofragmentation two‐photon laser‐induced fluorescence (PF‐TP‐LIF) instrument. Available evidence suggests that the changes made substantially reduced wall decomposition of labile NO y species. In sharp contrast to the results reported from NASA's 1991 PEM‐West A program where the median value for the ratio (NO 2 ) meas /(NO 2 ) calc was 3.36, the PEM‐Tropics A observations produced a value for this ratio of 0.93. This represents the first time that remote upper tropospheric NO‐NO 2 data have shown a high degree of correspondence with current photochemical mechanisms.
Les antidiabétiques oraux en 2003 (2003)

SCOPUS: cp.j
A novel optoelectronic tweezer using light induced dielectrophoresis (2004)

We demonstrate a novel optoelectronic tweezer using light induced dielectrophoresis mechanism to optically trap and transport micro particles with optical power in the /spl mu/W range. This device consists of two pattern-less surfaces: a bottom glass substrate coated with photoconductive material and a top transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass. To achieve optical trapping, we sandwich the liquid-immersed micro particles between these two surfaces and supply an ac electric bias. A 633-nm He-Ne laser focused by a 40x objective lens is used to transport the particles. Negative dielectrophoretic trapping is demonstrated in this paper. Our experiment results show that optical beam with power as low as 1 /spl mu/W is sufficient to transport 25-/spl mu/m-diameter latex particles at a speed of 4.5 /spl mu/m/sec. The transport speed increases with higher optical power. A maximum speed of 397 /spl mu/m/sec is observed at 100 /spl mu/W.
Antibiotic Synergism in Amebiasis (1954)

SummaryAfter suggestive studies in vitro and trials in 49 macaques, 52 episodes of amebic infection in mentally defective children were treated with erythromycin alone, with fumagillin alone, and with these antibiotics in combination. Two recurrences of 17 treated cases were noted after erythromycin therapy, 5 of 21 after the two antibiotics were given concurrently, and 6 of 14 after fumagillin was given alone. The final test regimes followed by the 13 human patients whose infection recurred, provided clearance for all but one of the original group of patients having E. histolytica infection.
Microtubule polarity in the peripheral processes of trigeminal ganglion cells: relevance for the retrograde transport of herpes simplex virus (1994)

The directional movement of many cellular organelles in neurons is dependent on polarized microtubules and direction-specific motor molecules. Microtubules are also thought to mediate the retrograde transport of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sensory neurons. To define the cellular machinery responsible for retrograde axonal transport of HSV, we have investigated the polarity of microtubules in the peripheral axons of trigeminal ganglion neurons. The long ciliary nerves of rabbits were prepared for a standard "hook assay" of microtubule polarity. Axons in cross-sectioned nerves contained microtubules with almost uniform orientation. The fast-growing, plus ends of these axonal microtubules are located distal to the cell body and the slow-growing, minus ends are directed centrally. To determine the role played by microtubules in the retrograde transport of HSV in these axons, we injected the retrobulbar space of mice with the microtubule-inhibiting drugs colchicine, vinblastine, or nocodazole or with the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D and 1 d later inoculated the cornea with HSV. We found that colchicine, vinblastine, or nocodazole reduced by 52-87% the amount of virus recovered from the ganglion 3 d postinoculation, compared to vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, cytochalasin D or beta-lumicolchicine did not significantly reduce the amount of HSV recovered from the ganglion. We conclude that the retrograde axonal transport of HSV from axon endings in the cornea to the trigeminal ganglion cell bodies requires intact microtubules and occurs in a plus-to-minus direction on the microtubules. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the retrograde axonal transport of HSV is mediated by a minus end-directed motor molecule, for example, cytoplasmic dynein.
Understanding phase-change materials with unexpectedly low resistance drift for phase-change memories (2018)

There is an increasing demand for high-density memories with high stability for supercomputers in this big data era.
Design requirements for a new robot for minimally invasive surgery (2004)

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery and minimally invasive surgery challenge surgical skills due to the operator's separation from the surgical field and the requirements for long instruments with limited dexterity. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional endoscopic instruments computer‐enhanced telemanipulation systems and robotic systems have been developed in the past. This paper summarizes the requirements for minimally invasive robotic assisted surgery and describes a new robot that has been developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The discussion includes a description of the robotic arm, the appropriate control laws, as well as the requirements for actuated and sensorized instruments.
The biological basis and clinical symptoms of CAR-T therapy-associated toxicites (2018)

Currently, immunotherapy is attracting a lot of attention and may potentially become a leading approach in the treatment of cancer. One emerging therapeutic, the chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell adoptive immunotherapy (CAR-T) is showing remarkable efficacy in the treatment of several B-cell malignancies. The popularity of CAR-T has been founded on two CAR T-cell products recently approved by FDA (during 2017) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. However, their toxicities observed in clinical trials were extremely significant and in some cases even fatal with no approved algorithms for toxicity prediction being available to date. A deeper understanding of the biological basis of such complications is the key to prompt and comprehensive clinical management. Here we review the wide spectrum of effects associated with CAR T cell therapy with a major focus on the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity as the most common, potentially life-threatening effects of this treatment. We discuss the basis of clinical management and the existing models that predict the severity of toxicity, as well as the key factors that modulate this event. Finally, we will summarize the literature detailing universal allogenic CAR T-cells and their toxicity profile.
Identification of Enterotoxin E (1971)

Identification of a new enterotoxin was accomplished by purification of the enterotoxin produced by staphylococcal strain FRI-326 and by preparation of specific antitoxin to the enterotoxin. Toxicity of the preparations was determined in rhesus monkeys, and specificity of the enterotoxin-antitoxin reaction was determined in gel diffusion plates. The enterotoxin was designated enterotoxin E.
IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN CYCLOSPORINE-TREATED RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1987)

Cyclosporine (CsA)-treated recipients of a primary cadaveric (CAD) renal allograft were postoperatively evaluated for their donor and nonspecific immune responsiveness. Recipients with posttransplant (Tx) T helper (TH):T suppressor (TS) cell ratios less than 1.0 (averaged for the first 0-30 post-Tx days) had significantly better one-year serum creatinines (SCr) of 1.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 for recipients with TH:TS ratios greater than 1.0, P less than 0.05. Significantly fewer rejection episodes (30 vs. 57) and immune graft losses (10 vs. 19) were experienced by recipients with TH:TS ratios less than 1.0 vs. greater than 1.0, P less than 0.001 and 0.05, respectively. Recipients with TH:TS ratios less than 1.0 vs. greater than 1.0 displayed significantly lower post-Tx panel mixed lymphocyte culture (PMLC) stimulation indices (SI) of 24 +/- 11 vs. 38 +/- 6, P less than 0.05 and donor MLC SI of 15 +/- 6 vs. 31 +/- 8, P less than 0.05, respectively. Moreover, the post-Tx:pre-Tx donor MLC ratio of 0.58 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.32 was significantly lower in recipients with TH:TS ratios less than 1.0 vs. greater than 1.0, P less than 0.05. The suggested donor hyporesponsiveness in recipients with post-Tx TH:TS ratios less than 1.0 was further investigated by studying 46 CsA-treated allograft recipients for their ability to display regulatory T cell or adherent monocyte MLC suppressor activity. With a mean follow-up time of 5 +/- 4 months (range 0.5-14 months) we observed that 46% (21/46) of the patients displayed T cell suppressor activity, including 35% (16/46) with T-donor-specific and 46% (21/46) with T non-specific MLC suppressor activity. Additionally, 59% (27/46) of the patients also displayed nonspecific adherent monocyte MLC suppression. Recipients displaying either T cell or adherent monocyte suppression experienced significantly fewer rejection episodes than patients with no suppressor cell activity (P less than 0.05). Moreover, patients with T cell suppressor activity displayed a significantly lower panel and donor MLC vs. patients not displaying T suppressor activity (P less than 0.05. and 0.05, respectively). Finally, there was a significant correlation between the display of T cell suppressor activity in patients who were matched with their donors at the HLA-DR locus vs. no display of T suppressor activity in those patients unmatched with their donors at the HLA-DR locus.
High sensitivity cardiac troponin and the under-diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women: prospective cohort study (2015)

Although having little effect in men, a high sensitivity troponin assay with sex specific diagnostic thresholds may double the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women and identify those at high risk of reinfarction and death. Whether use of sex specific diagnostic thresholds will improve outcomes and tackle inequalities in the treatment of women with suspected acute coronary syndrome requires urgent attention.
Dynamic early warning of rockburst using microseismic multi-parameters based on Bayesian network (2020)

Rockburst is a phenomenon where the elastic deformation may be emitted suddenly because of rock fragmentation, ejection, launching, and even earthquake. This may result in casualties, failure or deformation of the support structure, and damage to field equipment. Therefore, early warning of rockburst is significant. In this paper, a dynamic early warning model of rockburst using microseismic multi-parameters based on Bayesian network is proposed. Taking the moment magnitude, seismic energy, source radius, apparent stress, and dynamic stress drop as Bayesian network parameters input. 114 sets of parameters required for Bayesian network structure learning are obtained by pre-processing the historical data of rockburst, and belief update is performed by the Junction Tree algorithm. Besides, the model passes self-validation, 6-fold cross-validation, ROC curve analysis and using new historical data to real-time early warning analysis. The results indicate that the proposed model has good precision and can effectively realize early warning of rockbursts. Furthermore, through the strength of the influence of parent–child nodes and sensitivity analysis, it can find that moment magnitude and seismic energy are the most influential parameters. They can as a significant reference for the early warning of rockburst.
High-speed MQW electroabsorption optical modulators integrated with low-loss waveguides (1995)

An MQW electro-absorption optical modulator integrated with low-loss input and output waveguides is proposed to achieve larger modulation bandwidth with a shorter modulation region, keeping the total device length large enough for easy fabrication and packaging. A fabricated 1-mm-long modulator with a modulation-region length of 50 μm shows a low insertion loss (7 dB), low driving voltage (V/sub 10/ /sub dB/=2.6 V), and large modulation bandwidth f/sub 3 dB/=40 (GHz) extrapolated from measurements up to 20 GHz. This modulator is suitable for application to ultra-high-speed fiber transmission systems.
From 3D to 2D: A Review of the Molecular Imprinting of Proteins (2006)

Molecular imprinting is a generic technology that allows for the introduction of sites of specific molecular affinity into otherwise homogeneous polymeric matrices.Commonly this technique has been shown to be effective when targeting small molecules of molecular weight <1500, while extending the technique to larger molecules such as proteins has proven difficult.A number of key inherent problems in protein imprinting have been identified, including permanent entrapment, poor mass transfer, denaturation, and heterogeneity in binding pocket affinity, which have been addressed using a variety of approaches.This review focuses on protein imprinting in its various forms, ranging from conventional bulk techniques to novel thin film and monolayer surface imprinting approaches.
Effect of heat stress on endotoxin flux across mesenteric-drained and portal-drained viscera of dairy goat (2010)

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of heat stress on endotoxin flux across mesenteric-drained and portal-drained viscera of dairy goats. Three Saanen first lactation dairy goats were surgically fitted with indwelling catheters in the portal vein, the mesenteric vein and carotid, and were kept in thermal-neutral and then heat stress environment, for examining the effect of heat stress on endotoxin absorption and redox status. Average net absorption of endotoxin (EU/h) across mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV) and portal-drained viscera (PDV) during the whole period of heat stress increased by 279.05% and 227.92% in relation to thermo-neutral period. Plasma concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in mesenteric and portal vein, and that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mesenteric vein, increased significantly during heat stress. Main conclusions were: (i) net absorption of endotoxin in portal vein is mainly from non-mesenteric tissues both in heat stress and in thermo-neutral condition; (ii) heat stress may lead to the significant decrease in plasma SOD, GSH-Px, CAT flux across PDV and MDV, and the significant increase in endotoxin flux across PDV and MDV; and (iii) the increase in gastrointestinal permeability in dairy goats during heat stress may not be induced by the increase in oxidative stress.
Joint Matrices Decompositions and Blind Source Separation: A survey of methods, identification, and applications (2014)

Matrix decompositions such as the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) or the singular value decomposition (SVD) have a long history in signal processing. They have been used in spectral analysis, signal/noise subspace estimation, principal component analysis (PCA), dimensionality reduction, and whitening in independent component analysis (ICA). Very often, the matrix under consideration is the covariance matrix of some observation signals. However, many other kinds of matrices can be encountered in signal processing problems, such as time-lagged covariance matrices, quadratic spatial time-frequency matrices [21], and matrices of higher-order statistics.
``Boxcar'' Integrator with Long Holding Times (1961)

The bipolar output of the rf phase detector of the receiver in a nuclear magnetic resonance pulse experiment is fed through a 4-diode sampling switch to an RC integrator, whose output is read by a recording electrometer. The switch (a ``transmission gate'') includes two type 7266 ceramic thermionic diodes, whose back resistance is extremely high (&gt; 1012Ω at −50 v). The Mylar integrating capacitor, therefore, discharges so slowly between successive sampling gates that the typical holding time with a 0.01-μf capacitor is ∼10 min. A simple method is given for using the ``boxcar'' as a sampling oscillograph for slowly and automatically plotting the entire boxcar input signal as it is seen on a cathode ray oscilloscope, but with the noise integrated out. There is a detailed discussion of circuitry, components, and performance.
Anomalous gain in an isotopically mixed CO/sub 2/ laser and application to absolute wavelength calibration (1991)

Measurements are reported on a grating-tuned CO/sub 2/ laser, containing an isotopic mixture of /sup 16/O/sup 12/C/sup 16/O, /sup 16/O/sup 12/C/sup 18/O, and /sup 18/O/sup 12/C/sup 18/O. The P/sub 6/ and R/sub 14/ lines of /sup 16/O/sup 12/C/sup 16/O were found to have anomalously high intensities. These anomalies are produced by the near coincidence of the transition frequencies in two distinct isotopes, permitting them to act as a single indistinguishable population. These two lines can be used to identify the rotational quantum numbers in the P and R branch spectra, thereby permitting absolute wavelength calibration to be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by ERK Signal Inhibition (2014)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic germ cell precursors. Specification of PGCs occurs under the influence of mesodermal induction signaling during in vivo gastrulation. Although bone morphogenetic proteins and Wnt signaling play pivotal roles in both mesodermal and PGC specification, the signal regulating PGC specification remains unknown. Coculture of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with OP9 feeder cells induces mesodermal differentiation in vitro. Using this mesodermal differentiation system, we demonstrated that PGC-like cells were efficiently induced from mouse ESCs by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling inhibition. Inhibition of ERK signaling by a MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor upregulated germ cell marker genes but downregulated mesodermal genes. In addition, the PGC-like cells showed downregulation of DNA methylation and formed pluripotent stem cell colonies upon treatment with retinoic acid. These results show that inhibition of ERK signaling suppresses mesodermal differentiation but activates germline differentiation program in this mesodermal differentiation system. Our findings provide a new insight into the signaling networks regulating PGC specification.
Electrocardiogram Pattern Recognition and Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines: A Review (2013)

Computer systems for Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis support the clinician in tedious tasks (e.g., Holter ECG monitored in Intensive Care Units) or in prompt detection of dangerous events (e.g., ventricular fibrillation). Together with clinical applications (arrhythmia detection and heart rate variability analysis), ECG is currently being investigated in biometrics (human identification), an emerging area receiving increasing attention. Methodologies for clinical applications can have both differences and similarities with respect to biometrics. This paper reviews methods of ECG processing from a pattern recognition perspective. In particular, we focus on features commonly used for heartbeat classification. Considering the vast literature in the field and the limited space of this review, we dedicated a detailed discussion only to a few classifiers (Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines) because of their popularity; however, other techniques such as Hidden Markov Models and Kalman Filtering will be also mentioned.
Tumorigenic keratinocyte lines requiring anchorage and fibroblast support cultured from human squamous cell carcinomas. (1981)

We have established cell lines from six human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the epidermis and tongue, using culture methods previously developed for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal keratinocytes. The SCC lines all form rapidly growing, well-differentiated SCC's or progressively growing squamous cysts in nude mice. In contrast to normal keratinocytes, SCC cells form unstratified or very poorly stratifying colonies and do not require epidermal growth factor for sustained growth. The SCC lines vary in their requirement for a fibroblast feeder layer to support clonal growth, as normal keratinocytes possess. Only one line forms large, progressively growing colonies at high efficiency in semisolid medium; the other five lines exhibit only a small amount of abortive growth in semisolid medium, after which the cells appear to rapidly degenerate. These results demonstrate that SCC's often grow as established lines in culture, but they frequently possess in vitro growth requirements similar to those of normal keratinocytes. Consequently, neither semisolid medium nor standard surface culture media are appropriate for initiating primary SCC cultures or for selecting transformants out of carcinogen-treated keratinocyte populations, because they do not provide conditions permissive for the growth of many malignant keratinocytes.
Time Optimal Path Planning for Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments (2007)

This paper aims to develop a control method by using artificial potential field with the addition of an algorithm that implements an online time-optimal collision avoidance strategy for a robot to move through a partially known dynamic environment. In many applications, robots are required to move along a predefined path if there are no moving obstacles. When moving obstacles are encountered a collision avoidance strategy must be employed. In this paper, a control strategy is developed to address these two requirements. This is done by using the potential field to follow the predefined paths and to avoid the obstacle. The time-optimal issue is then taken into consideration, when moving obstacles are encountered, to decide if the robot is to move around obstacles or wait until obstacles moving out of the robot path. Simulation results shown that a significant time saving (around 10%) can be achieved using the proposed method.