gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Trypsin Inhibitor in Bovine Pituitary Extracts as a Survival Factor for Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture1 (1984)

Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture cannot survive more than 2 days in the absence of calf serum. An extract of bovine pituitary gland had a similar effect to calf serum on the survival of hepatocytes, but its specific activity was 70 times that of calf serum. The survival factor was purified from bovine pituitary gland, and obtained in a homogeneous state judging by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. Its purification was achieved by acid extraction of the pituitary gland, gel filtrations on Sephadex G-75 and Ultrogel AcA 202, ion-exchanger chromatography on CM-cellulose, and then reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The purified factor was effective at 10 ng/ml and maximally effective at 100 ng/ml. The overall recovery of its activity was 30%, and the specific activity of the purified factor was 3,100 times that in the acid extract. The molecular weight (Mr 8,000), estimated by Sephadex G-200 filtration, and the strong basic character (pI 10.5) of the purified survival factor suggested that it may be the trypsin inhibitor found in various tissues. Indeed, the amino acid composition of the pure material was identical with that of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bPTI). The purified survival factor had the same inhibitory activity on trypsin as commercial bPTI and, conversely, commercial bPTI greatly enhanced survival of rat hepatocytes. Thus, the survival factor in bovine pituitary gland was identified as bPTI.
Design of hybrid authentication scheme and key distribution for mobile multi-hop relay in IEEE 802.16j (2009)

Mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) network is known to have the strength of easy installation and convenient management because of its self-organizing and self-healing characteristics. However, MMR is also known to be vulnerable to security problems for the very same reason. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid authentication algorithm for IEEE 802.16j MMR network service. The proposed scheme uses centralized authentication when a mobile station (MS) or a relay station (RS) initially joins the MMR network, and uses distributed authentication for hop-by-hop authentication between the mobile nodes. We analyze the procedure of the proposed scheme in detail, and examine its usefulness when applied to the MMR network. The proposed scheme can be used in any mobile multi-hop network as well as IEEE 802.16j MMR network.
Machine Learning for Power Control in D2D Communication Based on Cellular Channel Gains (2019)

We consider a mobile network with users seeking to engage in a device-to-device (D2D) communication. Two D2D users (DUEs), a transmitter and a receiver, compose one D2D pair. We assume that the D2D pairs reuse a single communication channel to increase the spectral efficiency. Thus, a power control is needed to manage interference among the D2D pairs and to maximize capacity. We address the problem of D2D power control in the case when only standard cellular channel gains between the DUEs and base stations (BSs) are known while channel gains among DUEs are not available at all. We exploit supervised machine learning to determine transmission powers for individual D2D pairs. We show that the cellular channel gains can, in fact, be exploited to predict the transmission power setting for D2D pairs and, still, close-to-optimum sum capacity of the D2D pairs is reached. Moreover, even if our proposed power control requires no knowledge of the channel gains among DUEs and, thus, introduces no additional signalling, the sum capacity can be increased by 16% to 41.9% with respect to no power control, as demonstrated via simulations.
Nucleation of Precipitates of ZnS and (Zn, Cd)S for Phosphor Synthesis (1988)

Monodisperse particles of and (Zn, Cd)S were grown by precipitation from an acidified water solution. We have examined these materials by analytical electron microscopy. The typical spherical precipitates have diameters ≈ 5 μm; in addition, the volume fraction of voids is about 35%. At high magnifications, , using SEM, a precipitate resembles a ball of tangled string. Thinned precipitates were examined by STEM and TEM. A central plane of (Zn, Cd)S shows a central region with a large concentration of ; this region has a diameter ≈ 2.3 μm. The diameter of the outer region is about 4.0 μm and contains mostly . This happens because the solubility product of is smaller than that of by several orders of magnitude. Suitably thinned samples of both and (Zn, Cd)S show the development of small holes, which are found predominantly at the center of the precipitates; the precipitates are thought to nucleate on bubbles, (e.g., or air), which are revealed as holes upon ion‐thinning. The microstructure shows lamellae, , arrayed in spoke‐like fashion about the center of the precipitate. It is likely that these crystals represent a new example of spherulitic growth.
Effect of Phosphate Activating Group on Oligonucleotide Formation on Montmorillonite: The Regioselective Formation of 3',5'-Linked Oligoadenylates (1994)

The effects of amine structure on the montmorillonite-catalyzed oligomerization of the 5'-phosphoramidates of adenosine are investigated. 4-Aminopyridine derivatives yielded oligoadenylates as long as dodecamers with a regioselectivity for 3',5'-phosphodiester bond formation averaging 88%. Linear and cyclic oligomers are obtained and no A5'ppA-containing products are detected. Oligomers as long as the hexanucleotide are obtained using 2-aminobenzimidazole as the activating group. A predominance of pA2'pA is detected in the dimer fraction along with cyclic 3',5'-trimer; no A5'ppA-containing oligomers were detected. Little or no oligomer formation was observed when morpholine, piperidine, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 2-pyridone are used as phosphate-activating groups. The effects of the structure of the phosphate activating group on the oligomer structure and chain lengths are discussed.
Role of eosinophils in uterine responses to estrogen (1996)

Administration of estradiol (E2) to ovariectomized mice results in a dramatic increase in uterine growth and an influx of eosinophilic leukocytes. This influx is mediated by stimulation of an E2-dependent eosinophilic chemotactic factor in the uterus (ECF-U). The role of this eosinophil infiltration in uterus is presently unknown but could involve early growth and/or remodeling processes. In an attempt to better define eosinophil function in uterine tissue, we produced ovariectomized mice severely depleted of circulating eosinophils by administration of a purified rat IgG monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 (IL-5). Seven days later, animals were submitted to estradiol treatment. Experimental groups included mice treated with saline alone, saline followed by E2, IgG followed by E2, and anti-IL-5 followed by E2. Pretreatment with IL-5 antibodies led to no significant alteration in E2-induced increase in uterine wet weight. However, histological evaluation demonstrated a clear and almost complete blockade of E2-stimulated influx of eosinophils in anti-IL-5 treated animals. In addition, IL-5 antibody administration significantly reduced E2-induced increase in peroxidase activity. Dramatic reduction of eosinophils did not affect E2 stimulation of ECF-U activity by stromal cells or complement C3 synthesis by the epithelial cells. Thus, it appears that differences in E2 responses in eosinophil-deficient mice are not directly associated with presence or absence of eosinophils. Taken together, these data suggest that eosinophils most likely do not contribute to early growth in the E2-stimulated uterus. A possible role in other events such as remodeling remains to be elucidated.
Kinetic and Stoichiometric Characterisation of Streptavidin‐Binding Aptamers (2012)

Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands that are selected for high-affinity binding to molecular targets. Only limited knowledge relating to relations between structural and kinetic properties that define aptamer-target interactions is available. To this end, streptavidin-binding aptamers were isolated and characterised by distinct analytical techniques. Binding kinetics of five broadly similar aptamers were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR); affinities ranged from 35-375 nM with large differences in association and dissociation rates. Native mass spectrometry showed that streptavidin can accommodate up to two aptamer units. In a 3D model of one aptamer, conserved regions are exposed, strongly suggesting that they directly interact with the biotin-binding pockets of streptavidin. Mutational studies confirmed both conserved regions to be crucial for binding. An important result is the observation that the most abundant aptamer in our selections is not the tightest binder, emphasising the importance of having insight into the kinetics of complex formation. To find the tightest binder it might be better to perform fewer selection rounds and to focus on post-selection characterisation, through the use of complementary approaches as described in this study.
Mark Twain himself : a pictorial biography (1960)

Mark Twain's life is portrayed here in this mosaic of words and over 600 pictures. The words are Twain's own, taken from his writings - not only the autobiography, but also his letters, notebooks, newspaper reporting, sketches, travel pieces and fiction - and the illustrations provide a counterpoint to the text. Presented in the hundreds of photos, prints, drawings, cartoons and paintings is Twain himself, from the apprentice in his printer's cap to the dying world-famous figure finishing his last voyage in a wheelchair.
Electrodeless Measurements of the Effective Resistivity of the Human Torso and Head by Magnetic Induction (1968)

A magnetically coupled impedance measuring instrument has been developed for determining an effective electrical resistivity of human subjects without electrodes. The instrument operates at 100 kHz. The value obtained represents an average of the resistivity of tissue near the coils.
Diffractive Optical Elements: Fabrication, Replication, and Applications and Optical Properties of a Visual Field Test (1997)

This thesis mainly treats the fabrication, replication and applications of diffractive optical elements. A smaller part deals with optical properties of a visual field test. Diffractive optical elements are computer-generated micro-optic components that use diffraction to manipulate light. These novel optical elements are characterized by high efficiency, design flexibility, light weight and small size. Furthermore, they can be replicated at low cost for mass production. These properties give diffractive optical elements the potential to become key components in future optical systems. In the first part of this thesis, the technical limitations of direct-write electron beam lithography for diffractive optics fabrication are studied. The electron beam can readily be focused to a spot size of less than 100 nm, but scattering of the exposing electrons within a resist layer results in a broadening of the exposing beam and a loss in resolution - the proximity effect. We measured and modeled this effect. We presented a practical way to compensate partly for the electron scattering and demonstrated successfully manufactured proximity-compensated elements. We also showed how the relief depths of exposed structures can be optimized by repeated development. We studied the feasibility and fidelity of replicating diffractive structures by compact disc injection molding equipment. A method for replicating diffractive elements into fused silica was proposed and investigated. A diffractive beam homogenizer, based on a novel design, was fabricated and evaluated together with an excimer laser. A diffractive axicon was designed and fabricated for use in a laser-induced detection system. In an initial study we proposed and investigated a novel scheme for fabricating diffractive elements with inherent antireflection properties. One method for visual field testing is high-pass resolution perimetry. Properties of this method were studied using both optical analytical techniques and measurements in normal humans.
Effect of verteporfin-PDT on epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (2009)

EGFR, a member of the ERBB family, plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. EGFR overexpression is implicated in DNA repair and synergistic interactions between EGFR-targeting drugs and conventional chemo/radiotherapy have been reported in preclinical studies for different cancers but not cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). To date there are no <i>in vitro</i> data available on the cellular response and effect of either photodynamic therapy (PDT) or EGFR-targeting drugs on CCA. Therefore, we aimed to study the: (i) response to Verteporfin PDT and to EGFR-targeting drugs, as single agents; (ii) effect of PDT on ERBBs expression, phosporylation status and activation of its signaling pathways; (iii) response to combination of PDT and EGFR-targeting agents. We showed that two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (HuCCT1 and TFK1 cells, intra- and extrahepatic, respectively) differentially respond to verteporfin-PDT treatment and are resistant to EGFR-targeting agents. A constitutive activation of EGFR in both cell lines was also observed, which could partly account for the observed resistance to EGFR-targeting drugs. In addition, verteporfin-PDT induced further phosphorylation of both EGFR and other Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Mitochondria-independent apoptosis was induced by PDT in both CCA cell lines; in particular, PDT modulated the expression of members of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (<i>IAP</i>) family of proteins. Interestingly, there was a PDT-induced EGFR nuclear translocation in both cell lines; co-treatment with either an EGFR-inhibitor (Cetuximab) or a nuclear import blocking agent (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) had an additive effect on PDT cell killing, thus implying a role of EGFR in repairing the potential PDT-induced DNA damage.
A new space-frequency beamspace "blind" co-channel interference suppression & detection algorithm for MFSK-FFH-CDMA peer-to-peer mobile communications (2004)

A new algorithm is herein proposed to "blindly" suppress co-channel interference and to detect the signal-of-interest (SOI) for peer-to-peer mobile transceivers using M-ary frequency-shift-keying (MFSK) fast frequency-hop (FFH) code-division multiple-access (CDMA). This algorithm implements a two-dimensional space-frequency "blind" beamformer over the direction-of-arrival and the frequency-hop set. This proposed blind adaptive "smart antennas" signal processing scheme attempts to maximize the beamformer's output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) without prior knowledge of (1) the (possibly overlapping) hop-sequences of the multi-user co-channel interferers, (2) the fading channel's (possibly spatially and temporally decorrelated) space-time impulse response, and (3) the mobile receiver antennas' nominal or actual gain/phase responses. The proposed scheme can also reject "spectral splatter" and can exploit any spatially decorrelated fading across the receiving antennas. This proposed scheme requires no additional bandwidth but assumes (rather reasonably) that the strongest co-channel interferers persist for at least a few information symbols.
On fast M-sequence transforms (Corresp.) (1977)

The equivalence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -sequence matrices to Walsh-Hadamard matrices can be exploited to take advantage of the latter's fast transform algorithm. The nature of the obvious equivalence, its relation to the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -sequence and its implementation as address modifications realized by linear feedback shift-registers are discussed.
Method of Suspension Culture for MDCK Cells and Isolation of Influenza Virus in MDCK Suspension Cultured Cells (1980)

Studies were made of a method of suspension culture for MDCK cells which enables us to prepare a sufficient quantity of cells in a regularly available condition in preparation for an unexpected occurrence of influenza epidemics, and examination of HA yield in suspension cultured cells and virus isolation from patient's specimen were performed. A silicon coated spinner flask as culture bottle and a Joklik modification of MEM added with foetal bovine serum, tryptose phosphate broth and methyl cellulose solutions as growth medium. Examination of HA yield with the inoculation 1.5×103PFU/ml of viruses (average quantity of viruses in throat washings) upon the suspension cultured cells in 8 steps from 1.1×106 cells/ml to 9.2×103 cells/ml of cells revealed that HA yield became better in higher concentration of cells to 2.3×105 cells/ml, but conversely fell down in much higher concentration. In contrast with HA yield with the monolayer cells, HA yield with the suspension cultured cells was poor with low m.o.i.Using 2×105 cells/ml of suspension cultured cells, 20 strains of influenza virus were isolated from 60 specimens. The rate of isolation was a little lower than that with the fertile hen's egg (27 strains were isolated), but the number of days necessary for the pathogenic determination could be lessend.
Design and Test Results of Optical Fiber Units for Optical Submarine Cable (1983)

Abstract : This paper describes the design and test results of two types of optical submarine cables. One is an embedded-silicone-rubber type optical fiber unit. The optical loss change is very small under various test conditions as microbending is hard to occur in this fiber unit. For example, the temperature coefficient was about 0.2 mdB/km/C. The manufacturing results of 30 km continuous length of this type unit are also described. The other fiber unit has a strain relaxing effect as each fiber is surrounded with an extremely soft silicone gel and a hard nylon jacket, and these six fibers are stranded. The strain relaxing effect will contribute toward reducing the required screening level of optical fibers used in optical submarine cables. About 0.2 % strain relaxing effect was obtained in our experimentally manufactured optical fiber unit. It will be expected that the required screening level will be reduced about 0.6%. (Author)
Waveguide interleaving filters (2003)

Optical Interleaving filters are attractive components in WDM systems especially narrower than 100GHz channel spacing system. Several types of interleaving filters have been proposed and realized. An interleaving filter is required to have the Box-like characteristics such as the periodic response, flat-passband, low insertion loss and low crosstalk. In addition, low chromatic dispersion (CD) is indispensable for DWDM systems. We focus on planar lightwave circuit interleaving filters. In this paper, we present interleaving filters with a tandem configuration of Fourier transform-based MZIs. The circuit using PLC technique is fabricated with high index contrast waveguides of Δ1.5%. We also have demonstrated monolithically integrated 1×4 (50-200GHz) interleaving filters and arrayed waveguide gratings(AWGs) with 200GHz-channel spacing suitable for interleaving WDM system.
Relationship between Optical Intensity, Fluctuations and Pulse Propagation in Random Media (1990)

We show that the optical field-field correlation function with frequency in a random medium is the Fourier transform of the time-of-flight distribution. This is demonstrated for light transmitted through a polystyrene slab containing titania particles by fitting the measured frequency dependence of the correlation function of fluctuations in intensity using the measured transmitted picosecond pulse profile.
Joint maximum likelihood estimation of carrier frequency offset and channel in uplink OFDMA systems (2004)

A maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) that jointly estimates the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the channel response of each user in uplink OFDMA systems is investigated in this research. The proposed MLE distinguishes itself from existing methods by its applicability to more flexible carrier assignment schemes. It achieves high computational efficiency by transforming a multidimensional optimization problem into a one-dimensional optimization problem. A suboptimal method is developed to further reduce the computational complexity. It is demonstrated by simulation results that the proposed MLE can provide accurate CFO and channel estimation in both SISO and SIMO environments.
Large hypomethylated blocks as a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human solid tumors (2014)

Thus hypomethylated blocks appear to be a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human cancer, at least for common solid tumors.
Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Aluminosilicate Thin Films on Carbon Fibers (2005)

We report the deposition of aluminum oxide and aluminosilicate thin films onto carbon fiber substrates, at temperatures of 200° and 250°C, respectively. For aluminosilicate films, the Al/Si ratio of the resultant film varied concomitantly with the composition of the liquid precursor mixture. The growth rate for the oxide films was 15–17 Å/min, comparable with other methods carried out at higher temperatures. Cross‐section SEM images indicate that the deposited films are conformal, following the complex topography of the carbon fiber substrate. Preliminary gas‐phase IR analysis suggests that the coatings decompose the nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate at temperatures as low as 35°C, suggesting the utility of the reported methodology for the design/fabrication of actively protective fabrics and clothing.
Pressure calibration of a digital microelectromechanical system microphone by comparison (2018)

In the field of noise control and monitoring, a new generation of small and low-cost microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphones is nowadays widely adopted. MEMS microphones, after recognition as traceable measurement instruments, could open up promising measurements based on wireless sensor networks. Current standards do not apply specifically to digital microphones. In this work, a pressure calibration procedure by comparison is carried out for a digital MEMS microphone and a sensitivity parameter suitable for metrological purposes is proposed. Measurement procedure and results between 20 Hz and 20 kHz are presented along with uncertainty contributions.
The power of relativism (2017)

Citation: Michael A. Peters (2017): Education in a post-truth world, Educational Philosophy and Theory, doi: 10.1080/00131857.2016.1264114Facts become futile with loss of objectivity and critical t...
Solitary Neurofibroma of Scrotum (1990)

We report a case of solitary neurofibroma of the scrotum. These tumors, which arise from perineural and Schwann cells, commonly occur throughout the body but they rarely have been reported to originate in the scrotum. No stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease were identified.