gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell Migration on Planar and Three-Dimensional Matrices: A Hydrogel-Based Perspective (2014)

The migration of cells is a complex process that is dependent on the properties of the surrounding environment. In vivo, the extracellular environment is complex with a wide range of physical features, topographies, and protein compositions. There have been a number of approaches to design substrates that can recapitulate the complex architecture in vivo. Two-dimensional (2D) substrates have been widely used to study the effect of material properties on cell migration. However, such substrates do not capture the intricate structure of the extracellular environment. Recent advances in hydrogel assembly and patterning techniques have enabled the design of new three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and microenvironments. Investigations conducted on these matrices provide growing evidence that several established migratory trends obtained from studies on 2D substrates could be significantly different when conducted in a 3D environment. Since cell migration is closely linked to a wide range of physiological functions, there is a critical need to examine migratory trends on 3D matrices. In this review, our goal is to highlight recent experimental studies on cell migration within engineered 3D hydrogel environments and how they differ from planar substrates. We provide a detailed examination of the changes in cellular characteristics such as morphology, speed, directionality, and protein expression in 3D hydrogel environments. This growing field of research will have a significant impact on tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and in the design of biomaterials.
Optimal load balancing strategy for hybrid energy management system in DC microgrid with PV, fuel cell and battery storage (2016)

This paper presents a novel strategy for a hybrid energy management system consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) as energy sources and Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery as an auxiliary energy storage. Such hybrid combination brings the reliability, redundancy and an overall energy efficiency in the system. DC-DC converters are used to interface PV-FC-battery combination. Energy management between the three sources is done by operating them in three different modes based on power requirement of load. PV operates in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or desired power control (DPC) mode. Battery operates in voltage control mode simultaneously maintaining its state of charge (SOC) and maintains the DC link. Fuel cell (FC) operates in Power control modes (PCM). The active power demand is controlled by regulating DC link voltage. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for all operations and the results are presented along with modelling, analysis and frequency based control design.
A comparison of the rheological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene below its melting point with certain low‐molecular smectic states (1979)

Abstract Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was extruded from a capillary rheometer at temperatures between the first‐order transition at 30°C and the melting point. Both PTFE at 50–300°C and various smectic states of certain low‐molecular benzylidene anilines obey the following relationship between the shear stress τ and the apparent shear rate $ \dot \gamma :{\rm }\tau = K\dot \gamma ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 4}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 4}} $ . The apparent viscosities for the two classes of substances are similar even though their molecular weights differ by a factor of about 10 4 . Both have characteristic shear planes which are parallel to the polymer chains in PTFE and normal to the long axes of the benzylidene aniline molecules. The melting process in virgin PTFE begins near 300°C. Above this temperature, the shear stress at constant shear rate increases and the rheological exponent rises from 0.25 toward 0.5 at the final melting point.
GaDei: On Scale-Up Training as a Service for Deep Learning (2017)

Deep learning (DL) training-as-a-service (TaaS) is an important emerging industrial workload. TaaS must satisfy a wide range of customers who have no experience and/or resources to tune DL hyper-parameters (e.g., mini-batch size and learning rate), and meticulous tuning for each user's dataset is prohibitively expensive. Therefore, TaaS hyper-parameters must be fixed with values that are applicable to all users. Unfortunately, few research papers have studied how to design a system for TaaS workloads. By evaluating the IBM Watson Natural Language Classfier (NLC) workloads, the most popular IBM cognitive service used by thousands of enterprise-level clients globally, we provide empirical evidence that only the conservative hyper-parameter setup (e.g., small mini-batch size) can guarantee acceptable model accuracy for a wide range of customers. Unfortunately, smaller mini-batch size requires higher communication bandwidth in a parameter-server based DL training system. In this paper, we characterize the exceedingly high communication bandwidth requirement of TaaS using representative industrial deep learning workloads. We then present GaDei, a highly optimized shared-memory based scale-up parameter server design. We evaluate GaDei using both commercial benchmarks and public benchmarks and demonstrate that GaDei significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art parameter-server based implementation while maintaining the required accuracy. GaDei achieves near-best-possible runtime performance, constrained only by the hardware limitation. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, GaDei is the only scale-up DL system that provides fault-tolerance.
Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis and induction of specific cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities by the barbiturates allobarbital, aprobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital and 5-phenyl- and 5-ethylbarbituric acids (1994)

To test predictions that barbiturates which are long-acting sedatives and/or strong inducers of CYP2B-mediated monooxygenase activities would be effective promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis, a series of clinically-useful barbiturates and structural analogs were tested for ability to promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis in male F344/NCr rats initiated with N-nitrosodiethylamine and for efficacy as inducers of CYP2B activity in non-initiated rats of the same sex and strain. The barbiturates were administered in the diet at concentrations equimolar to 500 p.p.m. of the known liver tumor promoter phenobarbital, which served as the positive control for this study. Phenobarbital, which has the longest duration of sedative action of this series of compounds, caused the greatest induction of CYP2B activity, and displayed strong liver tumor promoting effects. Allobarbital and aprobarbital, two intermediate-duration sedatives, were found to promote hepatocarcinogenesis, with allobarbital proving to be as effective as phenobarbital in this respect and aprobarbital being somewhat weaker as a promoter. These intermediate-duration sedatives were each relatively weak CYP2B-type inducers, causing approximately 25% of the induction displayed by phenobarbital. The nonsedatives, 5-phenyl- and 5-ethyl-barbituric acids, were essentially inactive as CYP2B-type inducers and were also found to be relatively inactive as promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis. Of the shorter-duration sedatives, pentobarbital was found to promote, and was relatively effective as a CYP2B-type inducer, while secobarbital showed little or no promoting activity and was less effective as an inducer of CYP2B activities. Pentobarbital thus proved an important exception to our hypothesis that only long-acting sedative barbiturates would promote hepatocarcinogenesis. Although both the durations of sedative action and the degrees of CYP2B-type induction exhibited by these compounds correlate with a quantitative parameter for liver tumor-promoting activity (relative promotion index), neither parameter appears to be sufficient, by itself, as a predictor of promoting activity for rat liver.
Notes on the Fourth Conference on Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Research at Madison, Wis., June 17–23, 1971 (1971)

(1971). Notes on the Fourth Conference on Plasma Physics and Nuclear Fusion Research at Madison, Wis., June 17–23, 1971. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 27, The Energy Crisis: Part II, pp. 49-51.
Spontaneous Precipitation of Struvite from Synthetic Wastewater Solutions (2005)

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by precipitation in the form of crystalline struvite is an attractive option contributing toward sustainable development. Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a crystalline salt, which may be used either as a fertilizer or as raw material for the production of phosphorus. The supersaturation of wastewater with respect to the target mineral is the key parameter determining the extent and the rate of recovery of struvite. In the present work, we investigated the stability domain of struvite in synthetic wastewater (SWW) and report on the kinetics of precipitation of the respective salt forming spontaneously. The investigation was carried out in aqueous solutions with compositions typically encountered in municipal wastewaters. The supersaturation with respect to struvite was varied through the appropriate variation of the concentrations of the Mg2+, NH4+, and PO43- ions, for which the stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1:1 was observed. All experiments were done at 25 °C and at a constant solution pH 8.50 in a stirred batch reactor closed to the atmosphere. The component salt concentrations were selected so that the respective supersaturated solutions were not stable. Precipitation of struvite from the supersaturated solutions prepared in SWW was initiated spontaneously past the lapse of well-defined induction times. The measurements of the induction times showed that the stability range of the supersaturated solutions in SWW was very narrow. The induction times, preceding the formation of struvite, were inversely proportional to the solution supersaturation and followed the dependence predicted by the classical nucleation theory. It was thus possible to calculate a surface energy of 15 mJ m-2 for the struvite nuclei forming. The rates of the struvite precipitating past the end of the induction period were measured at a constant driving force by the addition of stoichiometric titrant solutions throughout the precipitation process, using solution pH as a master variable monitored by a glass electrode sensor. The rates of precipitation measured from the titrants addition showed a parabolic dependence on the solution supersaturation. The high order (>1) of dependence of the rates on the solution supersaturation suggested a surface diffusion-controlled mechanism.
Shape and Color as Dimensions of a Visual Redundant Code (1974)

Studies have been conducted which indicate that redundant coding is effective in facilitating the locating of a target among other objects. This study examines that hypothesis for a range of the shape and color variables. All possible combinations of four shapes and four colors were used as targets in the experiment. The times to locate six each of the targets among 36 background objects for 16 displays in each of three coding conditions of the experiment were determined for 24 subjects. The targets could be differentiated from the background objects on the basis of color only, shape only, and redundant color/shape. The results indicate a difference among the coding conditions, the colors, and the shapes, and in the code-by-shape and code-by-color interactions. An important finding is that the redundant code and the color code conditions did not differ. The data are examined for possible explanations of this result and some implications are suggested.
A metabolic defect promotes obesity in mice lacking melanocortin-4 receptors (2000)

Melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r)-null mice exhibit late-onset obesity. To determine whether aberrant metabolism contributes to the obesity, food consumption by Mc4r-null mice was restricted to (pair-fed to) that consumed by wild-type (WT) mice. Pair-fed Mc4r-null females maintained body weights intermediate to that of WT and nonpair-fed Mc4r-null females, whereas pairfeeding normalized the body weights of Mc4r-null male mice. Fat pad and circulating leptin levels were elevated in both male and female pair-fed Mc4r-null mice compared with WT mice. Oxygen consumption of Mc4r-null mice with similar body weights as WT controls was reduced by 20%. Locomotor activity of young nonobese Mc4r-null males was significantly lower than that of WT males; however, locomotion of young nonobese females was normal. Core body temperature of Mc4r-null mice was normal, and they responded normally to cold exposure. Young nonobese Mc4r-null females were unable to induce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue in response to peripheral leptin administration, whereas UCP1 mRNA was increased by 60% in the WT females. These results indicate that Mc4r deficiency enhances caloric efficiency, similar to that seen in the agouti obesity syndrome and in melanocortin-3 receptor-null mice.
Magnetic Properties of Fe¿Al¿Si Sputtered Films (1987)

Whereas Fe-Al-Si film of composition 5.5 percent Al-9.5 percent Si-remainder Fe (Sendust composition range) has a high permeability and good soft magnetic properties, the sensitivity of the latter to composition changes presents difficulties as regards film formation. The authors studied another promising composition range, 2.5 percent Al-5.5 percent Si-remainder Fe, sputtering films in this range on quartz substrates. Films obtained had smaller coercivities than Sendust films, near-zero magnetostriction, similar to Sendust, and a large in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. This composition borders on a disordered and an ordered phase, suggesting that film properties may be influenced greatly by annealing and other treatment.
Reduction in dentin permeability using a slurry containing dicalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide (2006)

Treatments that obdurate dentin tubules have been used for reducing dentin hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a treatment with a slurry of micron sized calcium phosphate on the hydraulic conductance (L(p)) of etched dentin discs in vitro. The treatment slurry was prepared by mixing a powder mixture of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and calcium hydroxide with a solution that contained sodium fluoride and carboxymethyl cellulose. The mean baseline L(p) (in mL cm(-2) s(-1) H(2)O cm(-1)) was 2.07 +/- 1.45 (mean +/- SD; n = 13)). After one treatment and 2, 4, and 7 days of incubation in a protein-free saliva-like solution (SLS), the mean relative L(p), presented as % of baseline, were 65 +/- 16, 42 +/- 27, 36 +/- 26, and 33 +/- 27 (n = 13), respectively. The L(p) values of the baseline and treatment after incubation in the SLS were significantly (p < 0.05) different. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed partial obturation of dentin tubules in the treated dentin. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses indicated the major product formed from the slurry was a fluoride-containing hydroxyapatite. Treatment appeared effective in further reducing L(p) of dentin discs after incubation in the SLS.
Constrained Learning Algorithm of Neural Networks for an Estimate of Advertising effect (1997)

This paper proposes an algorithm of neural networks for an estimate of advertising effect. The basic premise under this algoritm is that the relationship between input and output is monotonic increase. The algorithm is useful for the domain like an estimate of advertising effect which only deficient data are available.The experimental simulation shows that the algorithm builts a reasonable model for an estimate of advertising effect.
Discovery of Disubstituted Imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridines and Purines as Potent TrkA Inhibitors (2012)

Trk receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in cancer and pain. A crystal structure of TrkA with AZ-23 (1a) was obtained, and scaffold hopping resulted in two 5/6-bicyclic series comprising either imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines or purines. Further optimization of these two fusion series led to compounds with subnanomolar potencies against TrkA kinase in cellular assays. Antitumor effects in a TrkA-driven mouse allograft model were demonstrated with compounds 2d and 3a.
p16(Ink4a) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase can be induced in macrophages as part of a reversible response to physiological stimuli (2017)

Constitutive <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i> expression, along with senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG), are commonly accepted biomarkers of senescent cells (SCs). Recent reports attributed improvement of the healthspan of aged mice following <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i>-positive cell killing to the eradication of accumulated SCs. However, detection of <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i>/SAβG-positive macrophages in the adipose tissue of old mice and in the peritoneal cavity of young animals following injection of alginate-encapsulated SCs has raised concerns about the exclusivity of these markers for SCs. Here we report that expression of <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i> and SAβG in macrophages is acquired as part of a physiological response to immune stimuli rather than through senescence, consistent with reports that p16<sup>Ink4a</sup> plays a role in macrophage polarization and response. Unlike SCs, <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i>/SAβG-positive macrophages can be induced in p53-null mice. Macrophages, but not mesenchymal SCs, lose both markers in response to M1- [LPS, IFN-α, Poly(I:C)] and increase their expression in response to M2-inducing stimuli (IL-4, IL-13). Moreover, interferon-inducing agent Poly(I:C) dramatically reduced <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i> expression <i>in vivo</i> in our alginate bead model and in the adipose tissue of aged mice. These observations suggest that the antiaging effects following eradication of <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i>-positive cells may not be solely attributed to SCs but also to non-senescent <i>p16<sup>Ink4a</sup></i>/SAβG-positive macrophages.
Autoantibodies predate the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus in northern Sweden (2011)

Autoantibodies against nuclear antigens were detected in individuals who developed SLE several years before the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The most sensitive autoantibodies were ANA, Ro/SSA and dsDNA, with the highest predictive OR being for anti-dsDNA antibodies. The first autoantibodies detected were anti-Ro/SSA.
A Survey on Internet Multipath Routing and Provisioning (2015)

Utilizing the dormant path diversity through multipath routing in the Internet to reach end users-thereby fulfilling their QoS requirements-is rather logical. While offering better resource utilization, better reliability, and often even much better quality of experience (QoE), multipath routing and provisioning was shown to help network and data center operators achieve traffic engineering in the form of load balancing. In this survey, we first highlight the benefits and basic Internet multipath routing components. We take a top-down approach and review various multipath protocols, from application to link and physical layers, operating at different parts of the Internet. We also describe the mathematical foundations of the multipath operation, as well as highlight the issues and challenges pertaining to reliable data delivery, buffering, and security in deploying multipath provisioning in the Internet. We compare the benefits and drawbacks of these protocols operating at different Internet layers and discuss open issues and challenges.
An experimental study of acoustical properties of tubular tower bells (2010)

This paper presents the measured spectra and identi fied pitch of thirteen tubular tower bells, which a re made of thickwall brass cylinders. Results show that bell’s nat ural frequencies that dominating its pitch and timb re are well predicted by Flugge’s formula for thin-wall cylinders. The spectra of tubular tower bells and thin-wall pipe bells are compared and their tonal differences are attributed to the differences in their modal masses and decay times. The identified pitches of the strike tones of the tubul ar tower bells are analysed against the frequency d istribution and amplitude ratios of the partials in the spectra. The result supports the previous work on the virtual pi tches of pipe bells and their determination by the “octave rule”. Usin g this result, we offer an explanation to the quest ion of why both tubular tower bells and pipe bells have similar ton al characteristics of church bells.
Pomegranate Juice and Pomegranate Derived Natural Products as Alternative Treatment for Cancer Progression and Metastasis (2013)

Prostate and breast cancer are the second leading cause of cancer death in American men and women respectively. About 1 man in 6 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer and 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. Conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy are available but with severe side effects. Recently, evidences from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the potential of pomegranate juice (PJ) as natural remedy to fight cancer. I took an integrative approach by using various cellular assays to study important cellular processes for metastasis, Affimetrix gene arrays to study gene expression, microRNA PCR arrays to study the non-coding RNAs, molecules known to be disregulated in cancer cells, and Luminex multiplex immunoassays to study the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. We found that, in addition to causing cell death, PJ increases cell adhesion and decreases cell migration of the prostate and breast cancer cells that do not die. PJ also inhibits the ability of the chemokine CXCL12, together with its receptor CXCR4 are critical in cancer metastasis, to chemoattract cancer cells. Since PJ is a very complex mixture of components, it is important to identify specific components that can mimic the effects of the juice. I found that the combination of a polyphenolic compound (luteolin/L), an antioxidant (ellagic acid/E) and a seed oil component (punicic acid/P), individually and in combination, synergistically affect processes critical for metastasis. L+E+P inhibits growth of prostate and breast cancer cells, their migration and their chemotaxis towards CXCL12. These components also increase the expression of cell adhesion genes and decrease expression of genes involved in cell migration and cell cycle control. The in vivo studies further support the potential of L+E+P. By using the Severely Combined Immuno-Deficiency (SCID) mouse model in which prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously, I show that L+E+P inhibits primary tumor growth, angiogenesis and, more importantly, significantly inhibits metastasis. Furthermore, I show that critical cellular processes for metastasis in human endothelial cells are affected by L+E+P. In conclusion, pomegranate and its components can potentially be used to prevent progression and metastasis of prostate and breast cancer.
Acoustical properties of irregular and fractal cavities (1997)

Acoustical properties of irregular cavities described by fractal shapes are investigated numerically. Geometrical irregularity has three effects. First, the low-frequency modal density is enhanced. Second, many of the modes are found to be localized at the cavity boundary. Third, the acoustical losses, computed in a boundary layer approximation, are increased proportionally to the perimeter area of the resonator and a mathematical fractal cavity should be infinitely damped. We show that localization contributes to increase the losses. The same considerations should apply to acoustical waveguides with irregular cross section.