gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple digital fading simulator for mobile radio (1990)

An instrument capable of simulating the multipath fading associated with VHF/UHF mobile radio channels is described. The implementation is simple, flexible, economical, and allows the fading waveforms to be repeated exactly. The control section, the quadrature modulator, and the method by which the simulator was tested are described. Level crossing rate and probability distribution function measurements over a wide range of Doppler frequencies indicate good agreement with theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiretroviral Activity of Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes (2010)

Thiosemicarbazones display a wide antimicrobial activity by targeting bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Here, we report our studies on the antiviral activity of two thiosemicarbazone metal complexes, [bis(citronellalthiosemicarbazonato)nickel(II)] and [aqua(pyridoxalthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II)] chloride monohydrate, against the retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/-2. Both compounds exhibit antiviral properties against HIV but not against HTLVs . In particular, the copper complex shows the most potent anti-HIV activity by acting at the post-entry steps of the viral cycle.
72.1: World's First 55‐in. 120Hz‐Driven 8K4K IPS‐LCDs with Wide Color Gamut (2015)

We applied the unique pixel driving technology, Next‐APD, to 55 inch diagonal 8K4K panels and realized the high resolution and quality 8K4K display for the first time in the world. Here, this compact 8K4K display is more suitable for such applications as medical, broadcast, and industrial displays.
Experience with multimodality telepathology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (2012)

Several modes of telepathology exist including static (store-and-forward), dynamic (live video streaming or robotic microscopy), and hybrid technology involving whole slide imaging (WSI). Telepathology has been employed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) for over a decade at local, national, and international sites. All modes of telepathology have been successfully utilized to exploit our institutions subspecialty expertise and to compete for pathology services. This article discusses the experience garnered at UPMC with each of these teleconsultation methods. Static and WSI telepathology systems have been utilized for many years in transplant pathology using a private network and client-server architecture. Only minor clinically significant differences of opinion were documented. In hematopathology, the CellaVision(®) system is used to transmit, via email, static images of blood cells in peripheral blood smears for remote interpretation. While live video streaming has remained the mode of choice for providing immediate adequacy assessment of cytology specimens by telecytology, other methods such as robotic microscopy have been validated and shown to be effective. Robotic telepathology has been extensively used to remotely interpret intra-operative neuropathology consultations (frozen sections). Adoption of newer technology and increased pathologist experience has improved accuracy and deferral rates in teleneuropathology. A digital pathology consultation portal (https://pathconsult.upmc.com/) was recently created at our institution to facilitate digital pathology second opinion consults, especially for WSI. The success of this web-based tool is the ability to handle vendor agnostic, large image files of digitized slides, and ongoing user-friendly customization for clients and teleconsultants. It is evident that the practice of telepathology at our institution has evolved in concert with advances in technology and user experience. Early and continued adoption of telepathology has promoted additional digital pathology resources that are now being leveraged for other clinical, educational, and research purposes.
Global prevalence and incidence estimates of selected curable STDs. (1998)

STDs are among the most common causes of illness in the world. Estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of these infections are limited by quantity and quality of data available from the different regions of the world. Improving global STD estimates will require more well designed epidemiological studies on the prevalence and duration of infection.
Phage Display Technology to Obtain Antiheparan Sulfate Antibodies (2003)

Antibodies have proven to be valuable tools in research on proteoglycans. They have been used extensively to study the tissue expression patterns of proteoglycans at the light as well as at the electron microscopical level. In addition, they have been frequently applied as (immuno)precipitating agents, in immunoaffinity chromatography, and—in some cases—as blocking agents. Most antibodies available are directed against the core protein of proteoglycans. Only a few are reactive with the glycosaminoglycan moiety. This is due to the largely nonimmunogenic character of glycosaminoglycans. Those antibodies that have been raised to glycosaminoglycans were obtained using proteoglycans as antigen, rather than the glycosaminoglycan chains as such. Here, we describe the use of phage display technology to obtain antibodies to glycosaminoglycans, as exemplified by heparan sulfate. Phage display allows the generation of antibodies to “self” antigens. The antibody is “displayed” at the surface of the phage by fusion to a coat protein (,). In the protocol described here, a semisynthetic antibody phage display library [“synthetic scFv library # 1”, ()] was used, consisting of >108 different clones, each expressing one unique antibody. In principle, any antibody phage display library can be used. The synthetic library #1 contains 50 different VH genes with synthetic complementarity-determining region 3 segments (CDR3), which contain a random sequence, encoding 4–12 amino acid residues. Only one lightchain gene is present. In the library, only the variable parts of the heavy and light chains are expressed, joined to each other by a linker sequence to form so-called single-chain variable fragments (scFv). All antibodies contain a cMyc tag for identification with anti-cMyc antibodies.
A microprocessor-controlled phase-locked signal source (1978)

The paper outlines the principles behind an approximating frequency synthesizer based on continued fractions to derive the data required for the addressable counters of the digital phase-locked loops. A hardware implementation is described based on a cheap microprocessor and calculator chip combination for the digital content and integrated circuit phase-locked loops for the analogue section. The prototype operates over the frequency octave 400<f<800 kHz with a resolution of 0.1 Hz.
Tall Oil Pitch in Chemical Recovery (1980)

Abstract This paper describes a laboratory investigation of tall oil pitch as a potential alternative to petroleum sulfonate as a surfactant for chemical recovery. Tall oil pitch is a bottom product of tall oil fractionation that is based on a major by-product of the paper industry. It is inexpensive, substantially available, and derived from a renewable resource. It is a complex solid consisting of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponifiables. Oil recovery in Berea sandstone cores has shown that final residual oil can be lowered to several percent by injecting properly formulated tall oil pitch solutions in high-salinity field water at 158 and 195°F (70 and 90°C). Tall oil pitch must be neutralized to achieve interfacial activity. Usual neutralization of tall oil pitch with sufficient alkali to balance the acid equivalence results in surfactant solutions unfavorable for chemical flooding. Alternative neutralization methods are shown to produce solutions that give better oil recovery and no plugging problem in core experiments. Tall oil pitch has low salinity tolerance, and the additionof NEODOL® 25-3S does not provide satisfactory interfacial activity, salinity tolerance, and temperature stability. Alternative methods of increasing field water compatibility of tall oil pitch slugs have been investigated. Good oil recovery has been obtained with slugs containing as much as 26,280 ppm total dissolved solid. Five different sources of tall oil pitch were studied. Oil recovery efficiency was shown to be parallel with the fatty-acid dimer content of the sample as determined by gel permeation chromatograph. Heat treatment of the pitch to increase the fatty-acid dimer content improves recovery performance. This finding is important not only in controlling the activity of tall oil pitch but also in providing new leads to what makes certain surfactant materials active.
Very fast computation of the radix-2 discrete Fourier transform (1982)

This paper develops and presents a radix-2 fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that reduces the computational effort (as measured by the number of multiplications) to two-thirds of the effort required by most radix-2 algorithms. The resulting algorithm is similar to one obtained by applying a principle suggested by Rader and Brenner; however, its structure is particularly appealing when transforming pure real or imaginary sequences and/or symmetric or antisymmetric sequences; furthermore, memory requirements (other than those for storing the input data) do not grow with the size of the transform.
Rho-Kinase as a Drug Target for the Treatment of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma (2006)

In asthma, inflammatory and structural cells contribute to increased bronchoconstriction acutely and more chronically to airway remodelling. Current asthma therapy doesn't inhibit these features satisfactorily. This review discusses Rho-kinase as a potential drug target, since increasing evidence suggests a central role for this pathway in acute and chronic airway hyperresponsiveness.
Costs of Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers Per Treated Patient Using Real-World Drug Data in a Managed Care Population (2013)

In adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis, or some combination of these conditions, etanercept had a lower cost per treated patient than adalimumab or infliximab, except in patients with psoriasis alone. In these patients, adalimumab had a lower cost per treated patient than etanercept or infliximab.
Optimization of a cytochrome P450 oxidation system for enhancing protopanaxadiol production in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2016)

Ginsenosides, the major bioactive components of Panax ginseng, are regarded as promising high-value pharmaceutical compounds. In ginseng, ginsenosides are produced from their precursor protopanaxadiol. Recently, an artificial biosynthetic pathway of protopanaxadiol was built in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing a P. ginseng dammarenediol-II synthase, a P. ginseng cytochrome P450-type protopanaxadiol synthase (PPDS), and a Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (ATR1). In this engineered yeast strain, however, the low metabolic flux through PPDS resulted in a low productivity of protopanaxadiol. Moreover, health of the yeast cells was significantly affected by reactive oxygen species released by the pool coupling between PPDS and ATR1. To overcome the obstacles in protopanaxadiol production, PPDS was modified through transmembrane domain truncation and self-sufficient PPDS-ATR1 fusion construction in this study. The fusion enzymes conferred approximately 4.5-fold increase in catalytic activity, and 71.1% increase in protopanaxadiol production compared with PPDS and ATR1 co-expression. Our in vivo experiment indicated that the engineered yeast carrying fusion protein effectively converted 96.8% of dammarenediol-II into protopanaxadiol. Protopanaxadiol production in a 5 L bioreactor in fed-batch fermentation reached 1436.6 mg/L. Our study not only improved protopanaxadiol production in yeast, but also provided a generic method to improve activities of plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. This method is promising to be applied to other P450 systems in yeast. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1787-1795. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemically Stable Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Filter for Polysulfide (2015)

As a primary component in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, the separator may require a custom design in order to facilitate electrochemical stability and reversibility. Here, a custom separator with an activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF)‐filter coated onto a polypropylene membrane is presented. The entire configuration is comprised of the ACNF filter arranged adjacent to the sulfur cathode so that it can filter out the freely migrating polysulfides and suppress the severe polysulfide diffusion. Four differently optimized ACNF‐filter‐coated separators have been developed with tunable micropores as an investigation into the electrochemical and engineering design parameters of functionalized separators. The optimized parameters that are verified by electrochemical and microstructural analyses require the coated ACNF filter to possess the following: (i) a porous architecture with abundant micropores, (ii) small micropore sizes, and (iii) high electrical conductivity and effective electrolyte immersion. It is found that the ACNF20‐filter‐coated separator demonstrates an overall superior boost in the electrochemical utilization (discharge capacity: 1270 mA h g −1 ) and polysulfide retention (capacity fade rate: 0.13% cycle −1 after 200 cycles). These results show that the modified thin‐film‐coating technique is a viable approach to designing ultratough ACNF‐filter‐coated separators with outstanding mechanical strength and flexibility as an advanced component in Li–S cells.
Parallel Processing of Algebraic Expressions (1966)

A classification of the objectives and types of parallel processing gives the context of the prinicipal subjects of this paper. A compiler and machine organization which are capable of detecting opportunities for parallel processing in algebraic expressions and executing these by multiple processing units operating concurrently are described. The compiler algorithm, based on a tree structure of algebraic expressions, translates the expression into an object program containing concurrency groups of instructions. Within each such group. all of the instructions can be executed at the same time. The machine organization (described in a schematic way) includes a simple control for executing the object program by allocating instructions to processors within a group and interlocking advance to the next group until execution of the current group is completed.
Surveying the European Public Space - A Political and Research Agenda (2001)

Abstract This paper examines the reasons why it is justified to talk about a European 'democratic deficit'. The creation and consolidation of a European public space necessitates conceptual clarification at the normative theoretical level - as liberal democracy is historically closely bound to the nation-state - and action at the policy and political levels. A Union of European Citizens is a step towards, but not equivalent to, a democratic Union based on European citizenship. Formal announcements, normative convictions, or even institutional reforms are not enough to guarantee openness or support contestation. European democracy is de facto a process to be observed but it is also a project to be defined. The article outlines an agenda for European democracy both with regard to political deliberation and empirical research.
Glycyrrhizin protects against sodium iodate‐induced RPE and retinal injury though activation of AKT and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway (2019)

Glycyrrhizin is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, glycyrrhiza, and has been reported to protect the organs such as liver and heart from injuries. However, there is no report about the effects of glycyrrhizin on atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study investigated the effects of glycyrrhizin on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro and retina of mice in vivo treated with sodium iodate (SI). Glycyrrhizin significantly inhibited SI-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased apoptosis of RPE in vitro. The underlying mechanisms included increased phosphorylation of Akt, and increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf-2) and HO-1, thereby protecting RPE from SI-induced ROS and apoptosis. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin significantly decreased the apoptosis of retinal cells in vivo, resulting in the inhibition of thinning of retina, decreasing the number of drusen and improving the function of retina. These findings suggested that glycyrrhizin may be a potential candidate for the treatment of atrophic AMD in clinical practice.
The 1986 dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Puerto Rico: epidemiologic and clinical observations. (1996)

In 1986 Puerto Rico experienced its eleventh dengue outbreak of this century, but the first with simultaneous transmission of three dengue virus serotypes, and the first with significant numbers of severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. Overall, 10,659 cases were reported; 1,257 cases were laboratory confirmed as having current or recent dengue infection. Dengue 4 (DEN-4) was the predominant serotype (160/363 isolates, 44%) followed by dengue 1 (DEN-1) with 134 isolates (37%) and dengue 2 (DEN-2), 69 isolates (19%). Transmission peaked during September, but large numbers of cases occurred through November. Seventy-one (91%) of Puerto Rico's 78 municipalities had laboratory-confirmed cases. Fifty-one percent of all confirmed cases occurred in metropolitan San Juan. Most cases presented clinically as classical dengue fever, but 37% of all confirmed cases were reported to have developed some type of hemorrhagic manifestation, and 6% reported hematemesis. In addition, 29 laboratory confirmed cases met the WHO case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever, 3 of which were fatal. Among the 29 laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shook syndrome, virus was isolated from 12; one DEN-1, three DEN-2, and eight DEN-4. Among laboratory confirmed cases, infants less than one year of age were at greater risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shook syndrome, hematemesis and any reported hemorrhage than were the other age groups evaluated.
Clock jitter noise spectra in continuous-time delta-sigma modulators (2003)

This paper describes a theoretical method to obtain the exact structure of the noise spectra due to clock jitters in a low-pass continuous-time /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-modulator. It is shown that the clock jitters changing the width of the feedback pulse have a more important degrading effect than those causing a random delay in the feedback pulse. Calculation details and simulation results for the first-order and second-order modulators are presented.
Efficacy of Nonoxynol 9 Contraceptive Sponge Use in Preventing Heterosexual Acquisition of HIV in Nairobi Prostitutes (1992)

Genital ulcers and vulvitis occurred with increased frequency in nonoxynol 9 sponge users. We were unable to demonstrate that nonoxynol 9 sponge use was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection among highly exposed women.
64 GHz and 100 GHz VCOs in 90 nm CMOS using optimum pumping method (2004)

A method to optimally pump energy from the transistors to the passive network is presented for the design of integrated 64 GHz and 100 GHz VCOs in 90 nm CMOS. The VCOs use an on-die distributed network, draw /spl sim/25 mA from a 1 V supply and produce oscillations with 0.4 Vp-p amplitudes. Phase noise is <-110 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset, and VCO gain is 2 GHz/V.
Software defined network monitoring scheme using spectral graph theory and phantom nodes (2014)

In this thesis, we propose a new software defined network monitoring scheme that provides the controller with a method to determine network states for the purpose of updating flow rules for network control and management. Network centrality and nodal influence metrics derived from the dual basis concept of the graph theory are used to monitor changes in a network. The proposed scheme uses a phantom node and the concept of a reference node to determine changes in these metrics in order to identify disconnected, congested, underutilized, and attacked nodes. The phantom node establishes a congestion threshold in the dual basis that is used to determine changes in node health and capacity due to network traffic. Multiple phantom nodes are used to produce multiple congestion thresholds for network monitoring. A congestion estimation method is proposed to estimate a node’s capacity used when it crosses the congestion threshold. Simulations are used to validate the concept of reference node, identification of node disconnections, congestion, and attacks, and the congestion estimation method.
Influence of titanium ion on mineral formation and properties of osteoid nodules in rat calvaria cultures (1999)

The effect of the addition of titanium ion (Ti) on osteoblast function and the mineralization of osteoid nodules in rat calvaria cultures was characterized. Concentrations of 10 ppm of Ti or more inhibited cell proliferation; 5 ppm or less either had no effect or stimulated proliferation. The number of nodules formed was not influenced by 5 ppm of Ti, but mineral deposition in nodules was suppressed, as revealed by von Kossa staining. Likewise, 5 ppm of Ti inhibited the incorporation of [(45)Ca] in cultures during nodule formation even if the Ti was withdrawn from the medium when mineralization was initiated. In order to test whether the synthesis of osteoid components was affected, the expression of osteonectin (OSN), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OSC), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNAs as well as ALP enzyme activity was analyzed. The expression of OSN and OPN mRNAs was reduced dramatically, but OSC mRNA was little affected by 5 ppm of Ti. Ti delayed the development of ALP mRNA expression and enzyme activity relative to the controls. Thus Ti treatment changed the proportional composition of cellular mRNA contributing the osteoblast phenotype.
HBV cccDNA: viral persistence reservoir and key obstacle for a cure of chronic hepatitis B (2015)

At least 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV, a small hepatotropic DNA virus that replicates through reverse transcription. Chronic infection greatly increases the risk for terminal liver disease. Current therapies rarely achieve a cure due to the refractory nature of an intracellular viral replication intermediate termed covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA. Upon infection, cccDNA is generated as a plasmid-like episome in the host cell nucleus from the protein-linked relaxed circular (RC) DNA genome in incoming virions. Its fundamental role is that as template for all viral RNAs, and in consequence new virions. Biosynthesis of RC-DNA by reverse transcription of the viral pregenomic RNA is now understood in considerable detail, yet conversion of RC-DNA to cccDNA is still obscure, foremostly due to the lack of feasible, cccDNA-dependent assay systems. Conceptual and recent experimental data link cccDNA formation to cellular DNA repair, which is increasingly appreciated as a critical interface between cells and viruses. Together with new in vitro HBV infection systems, based on the identification of the bile acid transporter sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide as an HBV entry receptor, this offers novel opportunities to decipher, and eventually interfere with, formation of the HBV persistence reservoir. After a brief overview of the role of cccDNA in the HBV infectious cycle, this review aims to summarise current knowledge on cccDNA molecular biology, to highlight the experimental restrictions that have hitherto hampered faster progress and to discuss cccDNA as target for new, potentially curative therapies of chronic hepatitis B.