gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Performance of AlGaN-Channel Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High-Electron-Mobility Transistors at High Temperatures (2017)

Superior characteristics of AlGaN-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at high temperatures are demonstrated in detail. The temperature coefficient of the maximum saturation drain current for the AlGaN-channel MIS HEMT can be reduced by 50% compared with the GaN-channel HEMT. Moreover, benefiting from the better suppression of gate current and reduced leakage current in the buffer layer, the AlGaN-channel MIS HEMT demonstrates an average breakdown electric field of 1.83MV/cm at 25°C and 1.06MV/cm at 300°C, which is almost 2 times and 3 times respectively larger than that of the reference GaN-channel HEMT. Pulsed mode analyses suggest that the proposed device suffers from smaller current collapse when the temperature reaches as high as 300°C.
The use of Insoluble Anodes in Acid Sulphate Copper Electrodeposition Solutions (2001)

SUMMARYThe use of insoluble anodes in horizontal acid copper electroplating machines is becoming the industry standard. Despite this fact there appears to be little published work on the optimisation of the anode material for this application. Although titanium coated with iridium dioxide is widely used for its long lifetime under oxygen evolution conditions, it appears that no consideration has been given to the effect of this oxide on other electroplating parameters, for example the oxidation of additives, pulse plating etc.This paper reviews the materials that have been employed as insoluble anodes in acid sulphate electrolytes including those used for electrodeposition, electrowinning operations, and other electrochemical processes. It considers the factors that affect the materials performance under oxygen evolving conditions and collates values from the literature for the oxygen evolution potential and Tafel slopes for this reaction that have been obtained for various metal oxides.From these data, a set of criteria is established which an insoluble anode material should meet if it is to be successfully employed in an acid copper horizontal electroplating machine.
Scaling Up Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent Using Variance Reduction. (2015)

Variance reduction stochastic gradient descent methods enable minimization of model fitting problems involving big datasets with low iteration complexity and fast asymptotic convergence rates. However, they scale poorly in distributed settings. In this paper, we propose a highly parallel variance reduction method, CentralVR, with performance that scales linearly with the number of worker nodes. We also propose distributed versions of popular variance reduction methods that support a high degree of parallelization. Unlike existing distributed stochastic gradient schemes, CentralVR exhibits linear performance gains up to thousands of cores for massive datasets.
Scattering of dark-state polaritons in optical lattices and quantum phase gate for photons (2004)

We discuss the quasi one-dimensional (1-D) scattering of two counterpropagating, dark-state polaritons (DSPs), each containing a single excitation. DSPs are formed from photons in media with electromagnetically induced transparency and are associated with ultraslow group velocities. State-dependent elastic collisions of atoms at the same lattice site lead to a nonlinear interaction. It is shown that the scattering process in a deep optical lattice filled by cold atoms generates a large and homogeneous conditional phase shift between two individual polaritons. The latter has potential applications for a photonic phase gate. The quasi-1-D scattering problem is solved analytically and the influence of degrading processes such as dephasing due to collisions with ground-state atoms is discussed.
A thin-film polymeric waveguide beam deflector based on thermooptic effect (2001)

A thin-film polymeric waveguide beam deflector was fabricated and demonstrated. The three-layer planar waveguide was composed of UV15 as the top cladding layer, a polyimide as the core layer, and SiO/sub 2/ as the bottom cladding layer on a silicon substrate. A gold layer was deposited on the top of the waveguide by e-beam deposition and then patterned into a prism-array as the heating electrode by photolithography. Beam deflection was acquired by passing the beam through the waveguide underneath the prism array. The beam deflection angle showed the expected quadratic dependence upon the applied voltage. A maximum acquired beam deflection angle of 2.5/spl deg/ was derived at an applied voltage of 8 V. Eight resolvable spots were observed, which made possible the feasibility of a 1/spl times/8 optical switch.
A three-dimensional, anatomically detailed foot model: a foundation for a finite element simulation and means of quantifying foot-bone position. (2003)

We generated an anatomically detailed, three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of a human foot from 286 computerized topographic (CT) images. For each bone, 2-D cross-sectional data were obtained and aligned to form a stacked image model. We calculated the inertial matrix of each bone from the stacked image model and used it to determine the principal axes. Relative angles between the principal axes of the bones were employed to describe the shape of the foot, i.e., the relationships between the bones of the foot. A 3-D surface model was generated from the stacked image models and a detailed 3-D mesh for each bone was created. Additionally, the representative geometry of the plantar soft tissue was obtained from the CT scans, while the geometries of the cartilage between bones were obtained from the 3-D surface bone models. This model served dual purposes: it formed the anatomical foundation for a future finite element model of the human foot and we used it to objectively quantify foot shape using the relationships between the principal axes of the foot bones.
Idoxifene: A Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Prevents Bone Loss and Lowers Cholesterol Levels in Ovariectomized Rats and Decreases Uterine Weight in Intact Rats (1998)

Idoxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, was tested for its effects on bone loss, serum cholesterol, and uterine wet weight and histology in the ovariectomized (Ovx) rat. Idoxifene (0.5 mg/kg x day) completely prevented loss of both lumbar and proximal tibial bone mineral density (BMD). In an intervention study, idoxifene (0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg x day) completely prevented further loss of both lumbar and proximal tibial BMD during a 2-month treatment period commencing 1 month after surgery, when significant loss of BMD had occurred in the Ovx control group. Idoxifene reduced total serum cholesterol, which was maximal at 0.5 mg/kg x day. Idoxifene alone displayed minimal uterotrophic activity in Ovx rats and inhibited the agonist activity of estrogen in intact rats. Histologically, myometrial and endometrial atrophy were observed in both idoxifene and vehicle-treated Ovx rats. In this report, we also provide molecular-based evidence to support the observations in vivo of a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) mechanism of action in bone and endometrial cells. Idoxifene is an agonist through the estrogen response element (ERE) and exhibits similar postreceptor effects to estrogen in bone-forming osteoblasts. Idoxifene also stimulates osteoclast apoptosis, and these pleiotropic effects ultimately could contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis. However, idoxifene differs from estrogen in a tissue-specific manner. In human endometrial cells, where estrogen is a potent agonist through the ERE, idoxifene has negligible agonist activity. Moreover, idoxifene was able to block estrogen induced gene expression in endometrial cells, which is in agreement with the observation in the intact rat study. In the uterus, idoxifene has a pharmacologically favorable profile, lacking agonist and therefore growth-promoting activity. Together with its cholesterol lowering effect and lack of uterotrophic activity, these data suggest that idoxifene may be effective in the prevention of osteoporosis and other postmenopausal diseases without producing unwanted estrogenic effects on the endometrium.
Improving the accuracy of estimated blood loss at obstetric haemorrhage using clinical reconstructions (2006)

Accurate visual estimation of blood loss is known to facilitate timely resuscitation, minimising the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation and reducing the severity of haemorrhagic shock. Participation in clinical reconstructions may encourage early diagnosis and prompt treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. Written and pictorial guidelines may help all staff working in labour wards.
South Africa in Crisis on HIV/AIDS Treatment (2001)

On 21 March 1999, the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) held one of its first demonstrations outside Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, to insist on the need for affordable, accessible treatment for all HIV-positive South Africans, especially HIV-positive pregnant women. TAC leader Zackie Achmat put it bluntly: “Our people are dying because we are doing nothing” (1). Trying to “do something,” President Thabo Mbeki announced in March 2000 the formation of his controversial AIDS Advisory Panel. In March 2001, the South African government's new Medicines Act—a bid to lower the costs of medicine—was challenged by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) in Pretoria. And, from 5 to 7 April, the University of the Witwatersrand held what Justice Edwin Cameron of the High Court of South Africa called “the most important deliberative conference on AIDS that has yet been held in South Africa” (2).
Processing of Two Forms of the Common Precursor to α‐Melanotropin and β‐Endorphin in the Rat Pars Intermedia (1980)

Whole neurointermediate lobes were used to study the processing of the common precursor to β‐endorphin and α‐melanotropin (melanotropin) during pulse and pulse‐chase incubations with various radioactive amino acids. After a 30‐min pulse with radioactive amino acids, two major radioactive protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 34000 and 36000 were observed on a 10–30% acrylamide/sodium dodecylsulfate slab gel electrophoretogram. After a 2‐h chase, most of the radioactivity associated with these two protein bands had disappeared and was recovered in smaller peptides. Analysis of the tryptic fragments from the 34000‐ M r and 36000‐ M r proteins showed that both contained amino acid sequences characteristic of adrenocorticotropin (corticotropin) and β ‐lipotropin. Processing of the two precursor forms involves several proteolytic steps. The first occurring between 30 min and 1h after the start of the incubation, releases the β‐lipotropin sequence from the rest of the molecule, leaving two polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 25000 and 27000. These two peptides are thought to have identical or closely related amino acid sequences differing only in the number of carbohydrate side chains. Analysis of the tryptic peptides of these [ 3 H]phenylalanine‐labeled peptides showed that they contained fragments characteristic of corticotropin plus at least another fragment from the non‐corticotropin, non‐β ‐lipotropin part of the precursor molecule. Further maturation of the β‐lipotropin and the two high‐molecular‐weight forms of corticotropin occurred between 1 h and 2 h after the start of incubation. β‐Lipotropin served as a precursor for β‐endorphin while α‐melanotropin was generated by cleavage of the two high‐molecular‐weight forms of corticotropin. Peptides with apparent molecular weights of 17000 and 19000 were also recovered as major and stable end products of the maturation process. Tryptic peptide analysis showed that they were related to the portion of the precursor which does not contain either corticotropin or β‐lipotropin. When these peptides, labeled with [ 3 H]leucine or [ 3 H]serine, were analyzed by automated Edman degradation, it was shown that their sequence was identical in both cases to the N‐terminal sequence of the initial precursor molecule prepared during the 30‐min pulse incubation. From these data, it clearly appears that the 19000‐ M r and 17000‐ M r peptides are related to the N‐terminal fragment of the original precursor molecule.
Infrared spectra and electron spin resonance of vanadium deep level impurities in silicon carbide (1990)

Trace impurities of vanadium in Lely-grown silicon carbide single crystals have been detected by their strong, polytype-specific photoluminescence in the 1.3–1.5 μm near-infrared spectral range, as well as by infrared absorption. The spectra arise from the intra-3d-shell transitions 2E(3d1)→2T2(3d1) of V4+Si(3d1). Electron spin resonance reveals that VSi in SiC acts as a deep acceptor, V4+Si(3d1)/V3+Si(3d2)−̂A0/A−, and possibly also as a deep donor. The role of vanadium as minority-carrier lifetime killer in SiC-based optoelectronic devices is suggested from these data.
<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors (2019)

<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, was identified in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Toxic proteases from the bacterium called gingipains were also identified in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, and levels correlated with tau and ubiquitin pathology. Oral <i>P. gingivalis</i> infection in mice resulted in brain colonization and increased production of Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, a component of amyloid plaques. Further, gingipains were neurotoxic in vivo and in vitro, exerting detrimental effects on tau, a protein needed for normal neuronal function. To block this neurotoxicity, we designed and synthesized small-molecule inhibitors targeting gingipains. Gingipain inhibition reduced the bacterial load of an established <i>P. gingivalis</i> brain infection, blocked Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> production, reduced neuroinflammation, and rescued neurons in the hippocampus. These data suggest that gingipain inhibitors could be valuable for treating <i>P. gingivalis</i> brain colonization and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Temperature Controlled Floral Induction in Amazon Lily, Eucharist grandiflora, Planch1 (1973)

Abstract Time and temp requirements for floral induction in the Amazon lily were found to be 12 days at 29.4°C (85°F) or 3 weeks at 19.4°C (67°F). Greater numbers of bulbs flowered, however, when heated for 16 days at 29.4°C or 3 weeks at 20.6°C (69°F). No detrimental effects, as indicated by percent flowering and flowers per scape, were apparent when bulbs were heated for 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 weeks at 29.4°C. Total production time was increased as treatment period was extended, but appeared to be definitely modified by season. Days after heating to first flower progressively decreased and total flowers per scape increased as growing conditions improved in spring. The fall crop showed an opposite response.
Hyaluronic acid cues for functional endothelialization of vascular constructs (2008)

Current vascular implant materials insufficiently recruit endothelial cells (ECs) to form a normally functional and confluent endothelium, a key challenge to reinstating vascular homeostasis at the surgical site. Recent studies indicate that hyaluronan (HA), a connective tissue GAG whose biological effects are often dictated by its fragment size, may inherently stimulate endothelialization. We previously showed that ECs respond poorly to large HA fragments (10 kDa < MW < 1 MDa), therefore, we currently sought to comprehensively study the effects of exogenous high molecular weight (>1000 kDa) and oligomeric (0.75-10 kDa) ranges on various phenotypic and functional aspects of cultured ECs. HA-1500 (1500 kDa) was enzymatically digested into oligomers under iteratively defined conditions, until a mixture (HA-o) containing a maximal yield of HA-6-mer and 12-mers (33.3 +/- 2.44% and 39.2 +/- 2.68% w/w, respectively) was obtained. The effects of HA-1500, HA-o and pure HA-6-mers on rat aortic ECs were compared. DNA and tube formation assays revealed HA-o and HA-6-mers to stimulate EC proliferation and EC tube formation (angiogenesis) much more than non-HA controls, while HA-1500 had a significant but more modest effect. Both HA-o and HA-6-mers attenuated platelet adhesion and activation on EC layers, while HA-1500 drastically inhibited the same relative to controls. However, flow cytometry and cytokine array studies found that HA-o incited increased expression levels of EC activation markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and promoted the release of select inflammatory cytokines to a greater degree than HA-1500. These results suggest that HA-o and HA-1500 both provide benefits, although frequently of different kinds, to endothelial cell sustenance, proliferation and normal functionality. Thus, tissue engineering scaffolds containing both these cues in optimized ratios could potentially serve as excellent materials for vascular EC regeneration. This forms the basis of our ongoing studies.
[Guide for The Examination of National Certified Dentist Preparation: A review guideline and strategy on prosthodontics for the candidates National certificated dentist qualification test]. (2004)

是口腔执业医师资格考试中最重要的临床学科之一,在整个理论考试试卷中占有较大比例,约为16%～20%. 知识覆盖面广,需要记忆的内容多,且试题量大、题型多样,是考生最感头疼的一门临床学科.它既包括基本知识与基本技能的考核,又有许多紧密联系临床的病例分析题,特别是后者,考生不仅要理解和记忆各修复体的适应证、特征、预备要求,还需要掌握如何设计修复体以及试戴出现问题时调改的方法.这就需要考生在掌握扎实基础知识的同时还需具备良好的综合能力.许多考生在备考时常常会感到抓不住重点,复习时无从下手,特别是在时间和精力有限的情况下更是如此.笔者结合考试大纲的内容和特点,谈一些 复习时的心得和应试技巧,希望对考生顺利通过执业医师资格考试有所帮助.
Enucleation of primitive erythroid cells generates a transient population of “pyrenocytes” in the mammalian fetus (2007)

Enucleation is the hallmark of erythropoiesis in mammals. Previously, we determined that yolk sac-derived primitive erythroblasts mature in the bloodstream and enucleate between embryonic day (E)14.5 and E16.5 of mouse gestation. While definitive erythroblasts enucleate by nuclear extrusion, generating reticulocytes and small, nucleated cells with a thin rim of cytoplasm ("pyrenocytes"), it is unclear by what mechanism primitive erythroblasts enucleate. Immunohistochemical examination of fetal blood revealed primitive pyrenocytes that were confirmed by multispectral imaging flow cytometry to constitute a distinct, transient cell population. The frequency of primitive erythroblasts was higher in the liver than the bloodstream, suggesting that they enucleate in the liver, a possibility supported by their proximity to liver macrophages and the isolation of erythroblast islands containing primitive erythroblasts. Furthermore, primitive erythroblasts can reconstitute erythroblast islands in vitro by attaching to fetal liver-derived macrophages, an association mediated in part by alpha4 integrin. Late-stage primitive erythroblasts fail to enucleate in vitro unless cocultured with macrophage cells. Our studies indicate that primitive erythroblasts enucleate by nuclear extrusion to generate erythrocytes and pyrenocytes and suggest this occurs in the fetal liver in association with macrophages. Continued studies comparing primitive and definitive erythropoiesis will lead to an improved understanding of terminal erythroid maturation.
Nasal mechanical ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1994)

Patients who failed nasal mechanical ventilation appeared to have a greater severity of illness; they were unable to minimize the amount of mouth leak (because of lack of teeth, secretions, or breathing pattern) and were unable to coordinate with the ventilator. These features may allow identification of poor candidates for nasal mechanical ventilation, avoiding unnecessary delays in endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Surface free energy characterization of vernix caseosa. Potential role in waterproofing the newborn infant (2001)

The CST and the total SFE values suggest that vernix has very low surface energy and is highly unwettable. These findings are significant insofar as the main component in vernix is water, which is highly energetic. Although vernix has a very high water content, the major part of its SFE is hydrophobic (dispersive). The limited interaction between vernix and hydrophilic liquids supports the hypothesis that vernix acts as a natural protectant cream to "waterproof" the fetus in utero while submerged in the amniotic fluid.
Front Matter and Table of Contents (1999)

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
A comparative study on the blood and milk cell counts of healthy, subclinical, and clinical mastitis Karan Fries cows (2015)

This study indicated that percent neutrophils and their type in conjunction with milk somatic cell counts can be used as a more reliable indicator of mammary health in cows.
Alopecia Mucinosa: Report of a Case and Review (2003)

We report a case of idiopathic alopecia mucinosa that responded to minocycline with a complete remission and we review the literature on alopecia mucinosa.
Control of the Microbial Flora of the Vagina by H202-Generating Lactobacilli (1991)

H2O2-generating lactobacilli (LB+) are present in the vagina of most normal women but are absent from most women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). LB+ at high concentration was toxic to Gardnerella vaginalis (the predominant organism in the vagina of women with BV); when the LB+ was lowered to a level where it was ineffective alone, the addition of myeloperoxidase and chloride reinstituted toxicity. Toxicity was inhibited by catalase and was not seen when H2O2-negative lactobacilli were used, implicating H2O2 as the toxic molecule. LB+ could be replaced by H2O2 and chloride by iodide, bromide, or thiocyanate. The optimum pH for inhibition of G. vaginalis was 5.0-6.0 LB+ also was autoinhibitory when combined with myeloperoxidase and chloride. LB+ alone at low concentrations was toxic to Bacteroides bivius through the formation of H2O2. Adequate amounts of peroxidase were found in the vagina of 17 of 21 women. These findings suggest that LB+ may contribute to the control of the vaginal flora, particularly in the presence of peroxidase and a halide.
Accurate color reproduction of CRT-displayed images as projected 35-mm slides (1996)

Accurate color reproduction of images presented on a computer-controlled CRT display as projected 35-mm transparencies is a complicated procedure requiring the characterization and control of several imaging processes and the application of appropriate color appearance modeling to account for the changes in viewing conditions. We review a process for image recorder characterization, projection system characterization, and testing of color appearance models for this application. Accurate image recorder characterization was achieved through a combination of empirical modeling of the exposure and processing system and of a physical model of photographic film. The projection system characterization included specification of the spectral properties of the light source, reflectance properties of the viewing screen, and the effects of light exposure and temperature on the photographic transparencies. Color appearance models were used to predict the changes in image color appearance due to changes in media, white point, luminance, and surround. The RLAB model proved to work best in this application.