gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Enzymatic Activities Associated with Recombinant NS3 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus (1998)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 3 protein (NS3) contains at least two domains associated with multiple enzymatic activities; a serine protease activity resides in the N-terminal one-third of the protein, whereas RNA helicase activity and RNA-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase activity are associated with the C-terminal portion. To study the possible mutual influence of these enzymatic activities, a full-length NS3 polypeptide of 67 kDa was expressed as a nonfusion protein in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and shown to retain all three enzymatic activities. The protease activity of the full-length NS3 was strongly dependent on the activation by a synthetic peptide spanning the central hydrophobic core of the NS4A cofactor. Once complexed with the NS4A-derived peptide, the full-length NS3 protein and the isolated N-terminal protease domain cleaved synthetic peptide substrates with comparable efficiency. We show that, as in the case of the isolated protease domain, the protease activity of full-length NS3 undergoes inhibition by the N-terminal cleavage products of substrate peptides corresponding to the NS4A-NS4B and NS5A-NS5B. We have also characterized and quantified the NS3 ATPase, RNA helicase, and RNA-binding activities under optimized reaction conditions. Compared with the isolated N-terminal and C-terminal domains, recombinant full-length NS3 did not show significant differences in the three enzymatic activities analyzed in independent in vitro assays. We have further explored the possible interdependence of the NS3 N-terminal and C-terminal domains by analyzing the effect of polynucleotides on the modulation of all NS3 enzymatic functions. Our results demonstrated that the observed inhibition of the NS3 proteolytic activity by single-stranded RNA is mediated by direct interaction with the protease domain rather than with the helicase RNA-binding domain.
Hypertriglyceridemia, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Adipose Tissue Distribution (2011)

The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) in HIV-infected patients has resulted in a dramatic decline in AIDS-related mortality. However, mortality due to non-AIDS conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) seems to increase in this population. CART has been associated with several metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and postprandial hyperlipidemia. In addition, HIV itself, as well as specific antiretroviral agents, may further increase cardiovascular risk by interfering with endothelial function. As the HIV population is aging, CVD may become an increasingly growing health problem in the future. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is warranted in this population. This paper reviews the contribution of both, HIV infection and CART, to insulin resistance, postprandial hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients. Strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk are also discussed.
A simplified, defined medium for growth of <i>Entomophaga aulicae</i> protoplasts (1988)

A defined medium, which allowed growth in both stationary and shaken cultures in the absence of fetal calf serum, was developed for protoplasts of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae. The protein "requirement" was obviated and growth was enhanced by the addition of hematin (0.5 μg/mL) and oleic acid (1.0 μg/mL). The utilization and production of ninhydrin-positive compounds was monitored at various stages of medium simplification. The protoplasts were autotrophic for all vitamins and organic acids. Fructose was not required for protoplast growth; however, it could function as a carbon source. The optimum nitrogen level was 635.08 mg N/L, and the optimum carbon level was 280 mg C/L under the conditions utilized. The protoplasts did not utilize either inorganic nitrogen (ammonium ion) or sulfur (sulfate ion) at the levels tested. No amino acid could function as a sole nitrogen source. Analysis of the amino acid composition of a general (> 14 000 molecular weight) protein extract gave no evidence of a skewed amino acid content. The final simplified medium included 8 amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine) of the 21 in the original medium. This medium is useful in isolating vitamin auxotrophs for use as markers in virulence and in protoplast fusion studies, and in studies on the chemical nature of the limiting membrane and its outer surface.
Functional Implications of Disulfide Bond, Cys206−Cys210, in Recombinant Prochymosin (Chymosin) (2000)

Prochymosin (chymosin) contains three disulfide bonds: Cys45-Cys50, Cys206-Cys210, and Cys250-Cys283. We have demonstrated that Cys250-Cys283 is indispensable for correct refolding of prochymosin, whereas Cys45-Cys50 is dispensable but has some contribution to the stability and substrate specificity of the enzyme. Here, we report the results about the functions of Cys206-Cys210 by site-directed mutagenesis studies. In a glutathione redox system C206A/C210A mutant exhibited oxidative refolding kinetics and efficiency ( approximately 40% reactivation) similar to those of the wild-type prochymosin, indicating that Cys206-Cys210 is also dispensable for refolding. However, C206S/C210S and single-site mutants (C210A, C210S, and C206A) showed only about 3 and 0-0.4% reactivation, respectively. This is quite different from the Cys45-Cys50 deficient mutants (C45A, C50A, C45A/C50A, C45D, C50S, C45D/C50S, C45A/C50S), which have comparable refolding efficiencies, implying that the substituents at position 206 and 210 play more important role in determining correct refolding than those at position 45 and 50. Urea-induced denaturation and fluorescence quenching studies indicated that the prochymosin mutants C206A/C210A and C206S/C210S were 2.1 and 4.8 kJ/mol less stable than prochymosin and some tryptophan residue in the mutated molecules was less exposed. However, the wild-type and mutant prochymosins shared similar far-UV CD and fluorescence emission spectra and similar specific potential activity, suggesting that the overall conformation was maintained after mutation. Activity assay and kinetic analysis revealed that mutation did not change the specific milk-clotting activity significantly but resulted in an increase in K(m) and k(cat) toward a hexapeptide substrate. On the basis of the above-mentioned perturbance of tryptophanyl microenvironment and the three-dimensional structure of chymosin, we proposed that deletion of Cys206-Cys210 may induce a propagated conformational change, resulting in a perturbance of the local conformation around active-site cleft and in turn, an alteration of the substrate specificity.
Neural network techniques for multi-user demodulation (2002)

Adaptive methods for demodulating multi-user communication in a direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) environment are investigated. Adaptive radial basis function (RBF) networks that operate with knowledge of only a subset of the system parameters are studied. This approach is further bolstered by the fact that the optimal detector in the synchronous case can be implemented by an RBF network when all of the system parameters are known. The RBF network performance is compared with other multi-user detectors. The centers of the RBF neurons, when the system parameters are not fully known, are determined using clustering techniques. It is shown that the adaptive RBF network obtains near optimal performance and is robust in realistic communication environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compile time recursive objects in C++ (2002)

The article explores the possibilities of generic programming offered by the template features of C++. We define compile time recursive objects as instances of class templates which contain other instances of the same template as member variables. With such templates we can define containers that contain objects of arbitrary types, but where the type of each element is known at compile time. The structure of the container is therefore fixed. The technique mimics the polymorphism achieved with dynamic binding and inheritance using static binding and template specialisation. It is obviously less flexible but offers considerable performance gains at runtime. We give the template definitions for compile time recursive lists and explain how to perform operations on these lists. As an example application, we use compile time lists in the definition of templates for special sparse vectors and matrices. In these vectors and matrices, the sparseness pattern can be arbitrary but must be known at compile time. The tracking of zero and nonzero elements is performed at compile time. This allows the programmer to use abstract vector and matrix expressions and still reach performance equal to hand coded operations. This is possible since the compiler can locate the elementary expressions between zero entries and discard them entirely from the resulting code.
German Chemical Industry, Union Settle (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGerman Chemical Industry, Union SettlePATRICLA SHORTCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 17, 11Publication Date (Print):April 29, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 29 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v080n017.p011ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n017.p011anewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Manufacturing Get e-Alerts
TID Sensitivity of NAND Flash Memory Building Blocks (2009)

NAND Flash memories are the leader among high capacity non-volatile memory technologies and are becoming attractive also for radiation harsh environments, such as space. For these applications, a careful assessment of their sensitivity to radiation is needed. In this contribution, we analyze TID effects on the many different building blocks of NAND Flash memories, including the charge pumps, row-decoder, and floating gate array. Since each of these elements have dedicated circuital and technological characteristics, we identify and study the characteristic failure mode for each part.
Exosomal proteins as prognostic biomarkers in non‐small cell lung cancer (2016)

We illustrate the promising aspects associated with the use of exosomal membrane-bound proteins as a biomarker and demonstrate that they are a strong prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
Integrating spatial information and image analysis - one plus one makes ten (2000)

Photogrammetry and remote sensing have proven their efficiency for spatial data collection in many ways. Interactive mapping at digital workstations is performed by skilled operators, which guarantees excellent quality in particular of the geometric data. In this way, worldwide acquisition of a large number of national GIS databases has been supported and still a lot of production effort is devoted to this task. In the field of image analysis, it has become evident that algorithms for scene interpretation and 3D reconstruction of topographic objects, which rely on a single data source, cannot function efficiently. Research in two directions promises to be more successful. Multiple, largely complementary, sensor data like range data from laser scanners, SAR and panchromatic or multi-/hyper-spectral aerial images have been used to achieve robustness and better performance in image analysis. On the other hand, given GIS databases, e.g. layers from topographic maps, can be considered as virtual sensor data which contain geometric information together with its explicitly given semantics. In this case, image analysis aims at supplementing missing information, e.g. the extraction of the third dimension for 2D databases. A second goal, which is expected to become more important in future, is the revision and update of existing GIS databases. This paper is intended to give an overview and the state-of- the-art on topics related to the terms of references of the IC WG Integration of Image Analysis and GIS. We will refer not only to activities of the ca. 100 members of our WG, but also other internationally active groups and will try to recapitulate the developments in this field since the previous Congress in 1996. The need of such an overview is great, as the increasing scientific activities in this field are quite fragmented and in various heterogeneous fields and applications, and a clear overview of these developments and underlying unifying theories is missing. Thereby, we will concentrate on 3 topics on which most activities were observed: (a) use of GIS data and models to support image analysis ; (b) matching of image features and GIS objects for change detection and database revision; (c) use of image analysis techniques to extract height information for 2D databases. In all these topics an important component is the integration of various cues, and of different algorithms and their partial results for object recognition and reconstruction. On the data side, we focus on different sensor data in conjunction with GIS databases. Analysis of this data aims at almost all aspects of knowledge-based image analysis like detection, localisation, reconstruction and identification. The paper presents research activities and applications, methods and approaches used, as well as problems faced. We analyse how a priori GIS/map knowledge can be exploited in image analysis and underline the prerequisites for information fusion. Conceptual aspects behind new developments are also described.
Selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes under mild conditions (2011)

Functionalized anilines are selectively synthesized from the corresponding nitroarenes by simple heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation carried out under mild conditions over a very low amount (0.5 mol%) of a new sol–gel entrapped Pd(0) catalyst. Only halo-nitroarenes could not be selectively converted. The catalyst is leach-proof and can be reused in many consecutive reaction cycles.
Tactile wayfinder (2008)

Digital maps and route descriptions on a PDA have become very popular for navigation, not the least with the advent of the iPhone and its Google Maps application. A visual support for wayfinding, however, is not reasonable or even possible all the time. A pedestrian must pay attention to traffic on the street, a hiker should concentrate on the narrow trail, and a blind person relies on other modalities to find her way. To overcome these limitations, we developed a non-visual support for wayfinding that guides and keeps a mobile user en route by a tactile display. We designed a belt with vibrators that indicates directions and deviations from the path in an accurate and unobtrusive way. Our first user evaluation showed that on an open field without any landmarks the participants stayed well to given test routes and that wayfinding support is possible with our Tactile Wayfinder.
Learning matte extraction in green screen images with MLP classifiers and the back-propagation algorithm (2016)

This paper considers the problem of automatically extracting a foreground element with its alpha matte in green screen images by training a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with the back-propagation algorithm. The classifier learns to identify green backgrounds, foreground object contours, and the corresponding alpha values for subsequent digital compositing. We developed our own dataset to train and test the MLP for alpha matte extraction. To speed up the generation of the training set, a second method for semi-automatic alpha matte extraction is proposed. Different experiments show that automatic matte extraction, based on the MLP, generates high-quality matting visually and it is also shown that results depend on the training and the architecture of the classifier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort that applies neural networks to the problem of alpha matte extraction.
HDAC6 serves as a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (2017)

These analyses showed that high HDAC6 expression was an independent, poor prognostic factor in patients with RCC, and HDAC6 could serve as a biomarker of RCCs prognostic and an indicator for RCC progression.
A 16-mW 78-dB SNDR 10-MHz BW CT $\Delta \Sigma$ ADC Using Residue-Cancelling VCO-Based Quantizer (2012)

This paper presents a continuous-time (CT) <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta \Sigma$</tex></formula> modulator using a VCO-based internal quantizer. It incorporates a nonlinear VCO as the second stage in a two-stage residue canceling quantizer (RCQ) and mitigates the impact of its nonlinearity by spanning only a small region of the VCO's V-to-F nonlinear tuning curve. The order of noise shaping is increased by placing the RCQ in a continuous-time <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta \Sigma$</tex></formula> loop. Using only a first order loop filter, the proposed <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> modulator achieves second order noise shaping. Fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process, the prototype modulator occupies an active area of 0.36 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> and consumes 16 mW power. It achieves a peak SNDR of 78.3 dB in 10-MHz bandwidth and an SFDR of better than 85 dB when clocked at 600 MHz. The figure of merit of the modulator is 120 fJ/conv-step.
Accuracy of DNA sequencing: Should the sequence quality be monitored? (1993)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: DNA databaseserror analysisgenome analysismajor histocompatibility complex (MHC)
In Vitro Leishmanicidal Activity of a Monoclonal Antibody mimicking a Yeast Killer Toxin (2002)

The microbicidal effect of a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody, mimicking the activity of a yeast killer toxin, characterized by a wide antimicrobial spectrum, has been evaluated in vitro against two relevant species of protozoan parasites, Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum. The antiidiotypic antibody exerted a significant and dose-dependent antileishmanial activity against parasite promastigotes in comparison to an irrelevant isotype-matched monoclonal antibody. This is the first demonstration that an antibody, which had been already shown to be fungicidal and bactericidal, may also exert a direct microbicidal activity against protozoa.
Discovery of the Rhizopodin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in <i>Stigmatella aurantiaca</i> Sg a15 by Genome Mining (2012)

The field of bacterial natural product research is currently undergoing a paradigm change concerning the discovery of natural products. Previously most efforts were based on isolation of the most abundant compound in an extract, or on tracking bioactivity. However, traditional activity-guided approaches are limited by the available test panels and frequently lead to the rediscovery of already known compounds. The constantly increasing availability of bacterial genome sequences provides the potential for the discovery of a huge number of new natural compounds by in silico identification of biosynthetic gene clusters. Examination of the information on the biosynthetic machinery can further prevent rediscovery of known compounds, and can help identify so far unknown biosynthetic pathways of known compounds. By in silico screening of the genome of the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15, a trans-AT polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS) gene cluster was identified that could not be correlated to any secondary metabolite known to be produced by this strain. Targeted gene inactivation and analysis of extracts from the resulting mutants by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), in combination with the use of statistical tools resulted in the identification of a compound that was absent in the mutants extracts. By matching with our in-house database of myxobacterial secondary metabolites, this compound was identified as rhizopodin. A detailed analysis of the rhizopodin biosynthetic machinery is presented in this manuscript.
Spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory processing in congenitally blind people (2006)

Congenitally blind adults' performance in spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory attention tasks was compared with that of sighted adults in a paradigm manipulating location-based and frequency-based inhibition of return concurrently. Blind study participants responded faster in spatial attention tasks (detection/localization) and slower in the nonspatial frequency discrimination task than sighted participants. Both groups, however, showed the same patterns of interaction between location-based and frequency-based inhibition of return. These results suggest that early vision deprivation enhances the function of the posterior-dorsal auditory 'where' pathway but impairs the function of the anterior-ventral 'what' pathway during peripheral auditory attention. The altered processing speed in the blind, however, is not accompanied by alteration in attentional orienting mechanisms that may be localized to higher cortices.
SCIENCE INSIGHTS (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSCIENCE INSIGHTSSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 22, 43Publication Date (Print):May 29, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 29 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n022.p043https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n022.p043newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Molecular modeling Get e-Alerts