gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model for simulation of photo-induced charges inside the hybrid LC cells. (2013)

The mathematical model for quantitative description of the liquid crystal (LC) layer deformation inside an asymmetric hybrid liquid crystalline cell is presented. Asymmetry means that one aligning layer in the cell is composed as photoconductive polymer PVK:TNF while the second is covered with common aligning material (polyimide). The LC waveguide arises along laser beam path propagated in plane of LC layer (refraction of light is not presented). In presented model we proved that LC layer deformation is caused by synergy of electric fields: driving field, space charge field, and fields of the surface charge cumulated on facing borders PVK:TNF/ITO and PVK:TNF/LC. Full Text: PDF References A.Walczak, P.Moszczynski, E.Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, Semiconductor–LC Layer Boundary and Photonic Structures, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Volume 559, Issue 1,(2012), CrossRef A.Walczak, E.Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, Waveguide couplers induced optically over organic junction, Opt. Eng. 47(3) (2008), CrossRef N. Kukhtarev, V. Markov, S. Odulov, M. Soskin, and V. Vinetskii, Holographic storage in electrooptic crystals, Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979), CrossRef N. Kukhtarev, T. Kukhtareva, A Unified Treatment of Radiation-Induced Photorefractive, Thermal, and Neutron Transmutation Gratings, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 11, p. 1857-1869, 1999, CrossRef J. S. Schildkraut, Yiping Cui, Zero-order and first order theory of the formation of space-charge gratings in photoconductive polymers, J. Appl. Phys. 72 (11), pp. 5055-5060, 1992, CrossRef J. S. Schildkraut, A. V. Buettner, Theory and simulation of the formation and erasure of space-charge gratings in photoconductive polymers, J. Appl. Phys. 72 (5), pp. 1888-1893, 1992, CrossRef W. D. Gill, Drift mobilities in amorphous charge-transfer complexes of trinitrofluorenone and poly-n-vinylcarbazole, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 5033-5039, 1972. CrossRef
Revealing the unusual role of bases in activation/deactivation of catalytic systems: O–NHC coupling in M/NHC catalysis (2018)

Numerous reactions are catalyzed by complexes of metals (M) with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, typically in the presence of oxygen bases, which significantly shape the performance. It is generally accepted that bases are required for either substrate activation (exemplified by transmetallation in the Suzuki cross-coupling), or HX capture (<i>e.g.</i> in a variety of C-C and C-heteroatom couplings, the Heck reaction, C-H functionalization, heterocyclizations, <i>etc.</i>). This study gives insights into the behavior of M(ii)/NHC (M = Pd, Pt, Ni) complexes in solution under the action of bases conventionally engaged in catalysis (KOH, NaOH, <i>t</i>-BuOK, Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, <i>etc.</i>). A previously unaddressed transformation of M(ii)/NHC complexes under conditions of typical base-mediated M/NHC catalyzed reactions is disclosed. Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes widely used in catalysis react with the bases to give M(0) species and 2(5)-oxo-substituted azoles <i>via</i> an O-NHC coupling mechanism. Ni(NHC)<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub> complexes hydrolyze in the presence of aqueous potassium hydroxide, and undergo the same O-NHC coupling to give azolones and metallic nickel under the action of <i>t</i>-BuOK under anhydrous conditions. The study reveals a new role of NHC ligands as intramolecular reducing agents for the transformation of M(ii) into "ligandless" M(0) species. This demonstrates that the disclosed base-mediated O-NHC coupling reaction is integrated into the catalytic M/NHC systems and can define the mechanism of catalysis (molecular M/NHC <i>vs.</i> "NHC-free" cocktail-type catalysis). A proposed mechanism of the revealed transformation includes NHC-OR reductive elimination, as implied by a series of mechanistic studies including <sup>18</sup>O labeling experiments.
Targeted Expression of Human <b> <i>MYCN</i> </b> Selectively Causes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Transgenic Zebrafish (2004)

The zebrafish model organism has been used extensively for studies of genetic pathways in development, indicating its potential applicability to cancer. Here we show that targeted expression of MYCN in cells of the pancreatic islet induces neuroendocrine carcinoma. Four transgenic fish developed abdominal tumors between 4 and 6 months of age, and histologic analysis revealed lobulated arrangements of neoplastic cells with expression of the MYCN transgene. The tumors also expressed insulin mRNA, and pancreatic exocrine cells and ducts were identified within the neoplasms, indicating a pancreatic origin for the tumor. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic, endocrine-dense core granules, analogous to those found in human neuroendocrine tumors. Our studies establish a zebrafish transgenic model of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, setting the stage to evaluate molecular pathways downstream of MYCN in this vertebrate forward genetic model system.
Respiratory Psychophysiology and Behavior Modification (2001)

This article was written as an introduction to a special issue of Behavior Modification dedicated to studies in the field of respiratory psychophysiology. Although the invited articles that constitute this special issue cover a fairly broad range of topics, priority was given to articles that focus on the role of respiration in panic disorder. Attention is directed to the fundamental role of breathing in applied psychophysiology and to the encouragement of research in the modification of breathing behavior. The connection between respiratory psychophysiology and behavior modification is explained by reference to (a) a recent article on Pavlovian and operant control of breathing behavior and (b) four published volumes of selected articles dedicated exclusively to the field of respiratory psychophysiology. The present special issue of Behavior Modification marks the fifth volume.
A Hierarchical Latent Vector Model for Learning Long-Term Structure in Music (2018)

The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we demonstrate, existing recurrent VAE models have difficulty modeling sequences with long-term structure. To address this issue, we propose the use of a hierarchical decoder, which first outputs embeddings for subsequences of the input and then uses these embeddings to generate each subsequence independently. This structure encourages the model to utilize its latent code, thereby avoiding the "posterior collapse" problem, which remains an issue for recurrent VAEs. We apply this architecture to modeling sequences of musical notes and find that it exhibits dramatically better sampling, interpolation, and reconstruction performance than a "flat" baseline model. An implementation of our "MusicVAE" is available online at http://g.co/magenta/musicvae-code.
Characterization and Expression Profile of CMTM3/CKLFSF3 (2006)

CMTM/CKLFSF is a novel family of proteins linking chemokines and TM4SF. In humans, these proteins are encoded by nine genes, CKLF and CMTM1-8/CKLFSF1-8. Here we report the characteristics and expression profile of CMTM3/CKLFSF3. Human CMTM3/CKLFSF3 has a high sequence identity among various species and similar characteristics as its mouse and rat homologues. Established by results both of RT-PCR and Quantitative Real-time PCR, the gene is highly transcribed in testis, leukocytes and spleen. For further verification, we generated a polyclonal antibody against human CMTM3/CKLFSF3 and found that the protein is highly expressed in the testis and some cells of PBMCs. Therefore, CMTM3/CKLFSF3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene that may have important roles in the male reproductive system and immune system. Further studies are necessary to validate its functions in the two systems.
Experimental Stress Analysis (1978)

Part 1: Elementary elasticity and fraction mechanics stress strain and the stress-strain relationships basic equations and plane-elasticity theory. Elementary fracture mechanics. Part 2: Strain-measurement methods and related instrumentation introduction to strain measurements electrical resistance strain gages strain gage circuits recording instruments strain analysis methods. Part 3: Optical methods of stress analysis basic optics moire methods theory of plasticity applied photoelasticity - two and three dimensional stress analysis optical methods for determining fracture parameters coating methods - photoelastic coatings and brittle coating statistical analysis of experimental data.
Molecular Mechanisms of Caenorhabditis elegans -Bacillus Interactions (2010)

Pathogens represent strong evolutionary forces driving the complexity of the host defense system. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used as a genetically amenable invertebrate for studying host-pathogen interactions. While the C. elegans model provided invaluable insights into innate defense pathways against infections, it remains to be discovered what the role of these pathways is in other nematodes and how they shape the evolution of bacterial pathogenicity. The nematode Pristionchus pacificus has been extensively used for comparative studies with C. elegans, linking developmental biology, ecology and population genetics. In this context, drastic ecological and morphological differences between two nematodes served as a starting point for studying bacterial interactions and immune response of the two nematodes in a comparative manner. Aiming to find suitable pathogens for these comparative studies, I isolated and tested 768 natural Bacillus strains for the pathogenicity to nematodes. This resulted in the isolation of the fastest known C. elegans killer B. thuringiensis DB27, which P. pacificus is completely resistant to. Using system wide analysis, we showed that C. elegans and P. pacificus respond to B. thuringiensis DB27 or any other given pathogen in strikingly different ways, regulating a very different set of effector genes. Using the C. elegans - B. thuringiensis DB27 model, I (i) elucidated C. elegans defense mechanisms against the pathogen, revealing a novel role for Dicer in antibacterial immunity; (ii) with the help of whole genome sequencing, discovered that two novel Cry21 protoxins produced by B. thuringiensis DB27 act synergistically as the main nematicidal virulence factors; (iii) discovered that C. elegans commensal bacterium B. subtilis protects the worm from infection via bacteriocin-mediated pathogen inhibition. Taken together, these results not only tackle both sides of C. elegans - B. thuringiensis DB27 host-pathogen interactions, but also reveal previously unrecognized mechanism of nematode protection by commensal-mediated inhibition of the pathogen.
2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐Octafluoro‐5,10,15,20‐Tetraphenylporphyrin: First Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of the Zn<sup>II</sup> Complex (1997)

Abstract 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐Octafluoro‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin has been prepared from 3,4‐difluoropyrrole and benzaldehyde under Lindsey conditions. An X‐ray crystal structure study of its Zn II complex has shown that the macrocycle core is nonplanar, a result in apparent contradiction with a blue‐shifted UV/Vis spectrum. The results reported here demonstrate that a wide range of β‐octafluoro‐ meso ‐arylated porphyrins, a new class of highly electron‐deficient ligands, are potentially accessible from 3,4‐difluoropyrrole, thus opening the door to, inter alia, efficient and robust oxidation catalysts.
A 36mW/9mW power-scalable DCO in 55nm CMOS for GSM/WCDMA frequency synthesizers (2012)

The RF front-ends of modern smart phones are becoming more complicated as newer standards are introduced (e.g. LTE). Reconfigurability can be used to reduce their size, provided that power consumption is not adversely affected. For 2G/3G transceivers, local oscillator (LO) generation requires significant area and power. Reconfigurable voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are generally used to maximize the achievable tuning range to reduce their number in the presence of many supported bands. However, no VCO capable to support both WCDMA and GSM has been reported that is also competitive with the power consumption achieved using two separate oscillators. In fact, the very demanding GSM phase-noise specs require a current up to four times higher (depending on the duplexer selectivity) than that used in the WCDMA case. In the design of an LC-tank harmonic oscillator, phase noise normalized to power consumption (i.e. the figure-of-merit, FOM), reaches an optimum at the maximum oscillation amplitude compatible with the supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> . This condition impairs the power reconfigurability of a VCO, since there is only one value of bias current yielding the highest FOM, once tank and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> are chosen. On the other hand, making the tank reconfigurable invariably results in a degradation of its Q, i.e. a reduced FOM.
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of NiO-In composite films deposited by radio frequency cosputtering (2014)

In-doped NiO films with indium concentrations ranging from 0 to 30.3 at. % were deposited on glass substrates to investigate corresponding structural, optical, and electrical property variations. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that all films display only NiO peaks. When In atoms were added to NiO films, the NiO peaks shifted to lower angles, indicating that the lattice parameters of the films increased due to the larger In ions substituting for the smaller Ni ions. An electrical resistivity (ρ) too high to be measured occurred when the indium concentration in the NiO film was less than 15.6 at. %. The ρ value dropped significantly to 0.06 Ω·cm as the indium concentration increased to 26.9 at. %. Upon further raising the In to 30.3 at. %, the ρ value decreased further to 0.01 Ω·cm. All the In-doped NiO films showed n-type conduction. The transmittance of undoped NiO film is as high as 96%. On raising the indium concentration to 15.6, 19.9, 26.9, and 30.3 at. %, the transmittances decreased further to 68%, 62%, 57%, and 47%, respectively. Introducing higher In concentrations improved the films’ thermal stability of electrical resistivity.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) is cleaved by neutrophil proteases in the bone marrow following hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (2001)

Mobilized progenitor cells currently represent the most commonly used source of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to effect hematopoietic reconstitution following myeloablative chemotherapies. Despite their widespread use, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the enforced egress of HPCs from the bone marrow (BM) into the circulation in response to mobilizing agents such as cytokines remain to be determined. Results of this study indicate that expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is strongly reduced in vivo in the BM during HPC mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor. Two serine proteases, namely, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, were identified, which cleave VCAM-1 and are released by neutrophils accumulating in the BM during the course of immobilization induced by G-CSF. The proposal is made that an essential step contributing to the mobilization of HPCs is the proteolytic cleavage of VCAM-1 expressed by BM stromal cells, an event triggered by the degranulation of neutrophils accumulating in the BM in response to the administration of G-CSF.
Lung Cancer in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Enhancing Surgical Options and Outcomes (2010)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for both the development of primary lung cancer, as well as poor outcome after lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Because of existing impairments in lung function, patients with COPD often do not meet traditional criteria for tolerance of definitive surgical lung cancer therapy. Emerging information regarding the physiology of lung resection in COPD indicates that postoperative decrements in lung function may be less than anticipated by traditional prediction tools. In patients with COPD, more inclusive consideration for surgical resection with curative intent may be appropriate as limited surgical resections or nonsurgical therapeutic options provide inferior survival. Furthermore, optimizing perioperative COPD medical care according to clinical practice guidelines including smoking cessation can potentially minimize morbidity and improve functional status in this often severely impaired patient population.
Scaffolds from Self-Assembling Tetrapeptides Support 3D Spreading, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Angiogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2021)

The apparent rise of bone disorders demands advanced treatment protocols involving tissue engineering. Here, we describe self-assembling tetrapeptide scaffolds for the growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The rationally designed peptides are synthetic amphiphilic self-assembling peptides composed of four amino acids that are nontoxic. These tetrapeptides can quickly solidify to nanofibrous hydrogels that resemble the extracellular matrix and provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment for cells with suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, we can easily tune the stiffness of these peptide hydrogels by just increasing the peptide concentration, thus providing a wide range of peptide hydrogels with different stiffnesses for 3D cell culture applications. Since successful bone regeneration requires both osteogenesis and vascularization, our scaffold was found to be able to promote angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) <i>in vitro</i>. The results presented suggest that ultrashort peptide hydrogels are promising candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering.
The relationship of the D-X centre in Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As and other III-V alloys with the conduction band structure (1988)

The electrical properties of the AlxGa1-xAs alloys for x>or=0.24 are dominated by deep donors which appear in undoped and doped crystals. The corresponding defects, which are now more commonly known as D-X centres, also behave as electron traps. The properties of these defects in undoped and doped alloys are reviewed. Results of Hall, transient capacitance, deep-level transient spectroscopy and thermally stimulated capacitance measurements on crystals grown by liquid phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy are presented and discussed. The deep levels have a constant thermal activation energy of 0.21 eV in the direct band-gap region, while in the same composition range the defect binding energy, as determined from Hall measurements, increases monotonically. Beyond the crossover region, the thermal activation energy and binding energy assume similar values and both decrease monotonically with increase of x. These energy values and the electron capture properties of the defects can be consistently explained by involving the interaction of the defects with indirect L and X minima. Defects with similar properties are also identified in other alloy systems in which the L and X conduction minima are lowest in energy.
New Benzoyl Derivatives of D-Ribofuranose and aldehydo-D-Ribose. The Preparation of Crystalline 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribose from D-Ribose<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Benzoyl Derivatives of D-Ribofuranose and aldehydo-D-Ribose. The Preparation of Crystalline 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribose from D-Ribose1Robert K. Ness, Harry W. Diehl, and Hewitt G. Fletcher Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 3, 763–767Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01632a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01632a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views722Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Animal models sensitive to anti‐anxiety agents (1998)

Animal models of anxiety serve two primary purposes in psychopharmacological research. (i) The pharmacological profile observed in the model provides a basis which, depending on its predictive validity, permits an estimation of clinical activity. (ii) Insofar as the 'anxiety' occurring in the animal model is homologous to human anxiety disorders, it is possible to investigate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The most commonly used laboratory procedures for the identification of anxiolytic effects of drugs are described in this paper.
Structural Basis of Protein-bound Endogenous Aldehydes (2003)

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major racemic product of lipid peroxidation, reacts with histidine to form a stable HNE-histidine Michael addition-type adduct possessing three chiral centers in the cyclic hemiacetal structure. In the present study, we characterized configurational isomers of a HNE-N(alpha)-acetylhistidine adduct by NMR spectroscopy and by molecular orbital calculations. In addition, we raised monoclonal antibodies against (R)-HNE-histidine and (S)-HNE-histidine adducts, characterized their specificities, and examined in vivo localizations of each adduct under oxidative stress. To facilitate structural characterization of the configurational isomers of an HNE-histidine adduct, we prepared the (R)-HNE-histidine and (S)-HNE-histidine adducts by incubating N(alpha)-acetylhistidine with each HNE enantiomer, both of which provided two peaks (Ra and Rb from (R)-HNE-histidine and Sa and Sb from (S)-HNE-histidine adducts) in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The NMR analysis showed that each peak was a mixture of two diastereomers. In addition, the analysis of the nuclear Overhauser effect enabled the determination of configurations of the eight isomers. The relative amounts of these isomers in the NMR analysis correlated with the relative energies calculated by molecular orbital methods. On the other hand, using (R)-HNE-modified and (S)-HNE-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanins as the antigens, we raised the monoclonal antibodies, mAbR310 and mAbS412, which enantioselectively recognized the (R)-HNE-histidine and (S)-HNE-histidine adducts, respectively. Among the mixtures (Ra, Rb, Sa, and Sb) of diastereomers, mAbR310 showed the highest immunoreactivity to Rb (the mixture of 2R,4S,5R and 2S,4S,5R isomers), whereas mAbS412 preferentially recognized Sa (the mixture of 2R,4S,5S and 2S,4S,5S isomers). The presence of (R)-HNE and (S)-HNE epitopes in vivo was immunohistochemically examined in the kidney of rats exposed to the renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate, by which nuclear and cytosolic stainings with mAbR310 and mAbS412, respectively, were detected.