gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical modes in 2-D imperfect square and triangular microcavities (2005)

Transformation of the whispering-gallery (WG)-modes in imperfect two-dimensional square and triangular microcavities with various degrees of deformation is studied by means of the Muller boundary integral equation technique. Continuous transformation of a circular microcavity, which supports double-degenerate WG-modes, toward a square or a triangle removes the degeneracy of certain WG-modes. The spectrum of the modes that split depends on the symmetry of the emerging microcavity: WG/sub 2m,n/-modes in case of a C/sub 4v/ symmetry (square) or WG/sub 3m,n/-modes in the case of C/sub 3v/ symmetry (triangle). In both cases, the modes with the highest Q-factors are nondegenerate modes with antisymmetrical field patterns. We estimate mode frequencies, quality factors and field distributions of practically achievable rather than "ideal" square and triangular microcavities, and compare the effect of various types of fabrication imperfections (corner sharpness, sidewall curvature and surface roughness) on their characteristics. Accurate study of the modal spectra enables us to confirm and explain previous observations, such as: 1) co-existence of the WG-like and volume modes in square microcavities; 2) the separation of the high-Q WG-like modes being twice that determined by the cavity length; and 3) much lower Q-factors of realistic concave-wall triangular microcavities than those of their ideal counterparts.
Purge-and-Trap Isothermal Multicapillary Gas Chromatographic Sample Introduction Accessory for Speciation of Mercury by Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1998)

A compact device based on purge-and-trap multicapillary gas chromatography was developed for sensitive species-selective analysis of methylmercury and Hg2+ by atomic spectrometry. The operating mode includes in situ conversion of the analyte species to MeEtHg and HgEt2 and cryotrapping of the derivatives formed in a 0.53-mm-i.d. capillary, followed by their flash (< 30 s) isothermal low-temperature separation on a minimulticapillary (22 cm) column. The very low detection limits obtained (0.01 pg mL-1 of Hg for methylmercury) are due to the narrow injection band and reduced peak broadening in a bundle of 0.038-mm capillaries at high flow rates (> 60 mL min-1) compatible with an MIP AES detector (no dilution with a makeup gas is required). Developments regarding each of the steps of the analytical procedure and effects of operational variables (sample volume, purge flow, trap temperature, separation conditions) are discussed. The device allows speciation of MeHg+ and Hg2+ down to 5 pg g-1 in urine and, after a rapid microwave-assisted hydrolysis, down to 0.1 ng g-1 in solid biological samples with a throughput of 6 samples/h. The analytical protocols developed were validated by the analysis of DORM-1 (dogfish muscle), TORT-1 (lobster hepatopancreas), and Seronorm urine certified reference materials.
Lower limb haemodynamics during antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol and propranolol. (1986)

In order to evaluate the role of beta 1-selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade on lower limb haemodynamics, blood pressure, leg blood flow and vascular resistance were measured at rest and during reactive hyperaemia in 34 hypertensive patients. The study was performed as a randomized double-blind cross over trial involving four weeks' treatment with the beta 1-selective metoprolol 100 mg b.i.d., the non-selective propranolol 80 mg b.i.d., and placebo b.i.d. Blood pressure was equally reduced by both beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Reactive hyperaemic blood flow decreased by 19% (p less than 0.01) during propranolol and by 14% (p less than 0.01) during metoprolol treatment, when compared to placebo. Vascular resistance, however, was unaltered by these drugs. There were no significant differences between beta 1-selective and non-selective beta-blockade on lower limb haemodynamics in hypertensive patients. As the reason for diminished reactive hyperaemic blood flow we suggest a beta-blocking effect on the heart rather than a peripheral mechanism.
Functional link between distal vasodilation and sleep-onset latency? (2000)

Thermoregulatory processes have long been implicated in initiation of human sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of heat loss in sleep initiation, under the controlled conditions of a constant-routine protocol modified to permit nocturnal sleep. Heat loss was indirectly measured by means of the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG). A stepwise regression analysis revealed that the DPG was the best predictor variable for sleep-onset latency (compared with core body temperature or its rate of change, heart rate, melatonin onset, and subjective sleepiness ratings). This study provides evidence that selective vasodilation of distal skin regions (and hence heat loss) promotes the rapid onset of sleep.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Nonproprietary Bilayer Skin Substitute (1991)

Cross-linked, allogeneic, telopeptide-depleted dermal grafts were lyophilized and laminated with silicone rubber elastomer. Resultant bilayers were studied for incorporation into the wound site and capacity to inhibit cutaneous wound contraction in experimental animals. Bilateral full-thickness skin wounds were made in 20 male New Zealand white rabbits. One side was grafted with the processed graft, while the contralateral side remained ungrafted as a control wound. Over 63 days, wound sites were analyzed at intervals on the basis of the extent and rate of wound contraction and by histologic examination. Cutaneous wounds successfully incorporated graft matrix and were significantly inhibited in their rate and extent of wound contraction. Notably, by day 63, grafted wounds retained 71 percent of their original area, whereas ungrafted control wounds retained only 16 percent of their original area. There were no graft rejections, and the bilayer graft's dermal analogue appeared to function as a biodegradable template that physically conformed neodermis to a preestablished pattern while counteracting contractile forces. This investigation suggests that, in experimental animals, the success of bilayer dermal grafts is less dependent on highly specialized and complex preparative techniques than typically has been presumed and that relatively simple, previously published, nonproprietary techniques, when adapted to a bilayer format, yield acceptable results as defined in terms of biocompatibility, capacity for graft incorporation, and inhibition of wound contraction.
Growth atmosphere dependence of transport properties of NiO epitaxial thin films (2008)

Recent possible applications in nonvolatile resistive switching memory devices renewed the interests in the transport properties of NiO. The variation on the conductivities of NiO films was reported to strongly affect the resistive switching phenomena. The conduction mechanism of NiO has been interpreted in terms of the bulk p-type conduction mechanism via Ni deficiencies (Ni1−δO). Here we investigate the growth atmosphere dependence on the transport properties of NiO thin films epitaxially grown on MgO (001) substrate. The conductivities of NiO thin films showed completely an opposite tendency compared to the bulk p-type conduction mechanism. Microstructural analysis demonstrates that the conductivity of low temperature grown NiO thin films strongly correlates with tailing the band edge via the deterioration of entire film crystallinity rather than the grain boundaries including second phases.
Electrooptics of a Thin Ferroeiectric Smectic C* Liquid Crystal Layer (1987)

Abstract The form of ferroelectric smectic C* electrooptical response vs the layer thickness and the angle β between the polarizer and analyser is investigated. The criterion of the smectic C*-switching rate is propozed and the method for the rotational viscosity measurements is developed.
Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis. (2002)

The current study was carried out to investigate the in vitro effects of an 85% methanol extract of dried Morus alba leaves on melanin biosynthesis, which is closely related to hyperpigmentation. These extracts inhibited the tyrosinase activity that converts dopa to dopachrome in the biosynthetic process of melanin. Mulberroside F (moracin M-6, 3'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside), which was obtained after the bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extracts, showed inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation of melan-a cells. This compound also exhibited superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation. But its activity was low and was weaker than of kojic acid. These results suggest that mulberroside F isolated from mulberry leaves might be used as a skin whitening agent.
Assignment of the Stereochemistry and Anomeric Configuration of Sugars within Oligosaccharides Via Overlapping Disaccharide Ladders Using MS<sup>n</sup> (2014)

A systematic approach is described that can pinpoint the stereo-structures (sugar identity, anomeric configuration, and location) of individual sugar units within linear oligosaccharides. Using a highly modified mass spectrometer, dissociation of linear oligosaccharides in the gas phase was optimized along multiple-stage tandem dissociation pathways (MS(n), n = 4 or 5). The instrument was a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer capable of high-efficiency bidirectional ion transfer between quadrupole arrays. Different types of collision-induced dissociation (CID), either on-resonance ion trap or beam-type CID could be utilized at any given stage of dissociation, enabling either glycosidic bond cleavages or cross-ring cleavages to be maximized when wanted. The approach first involves optimizing the isolation of disaccharide units as an ordered set of overlapping substructures via glycosidic bond cleavages during early stages of MS(n), with explicit intent to minimize cross-ring cleavages. Subsequently, cross-ring cleavages were optimized for individual disaccharides to yield key diagnostic product ions (m/z 221). Finally, fingerprint patterns that establish stereochemistry and anomeric configuration were obtained from the diagnostic ions via CID. Model linear oligosaccharides were derivatized at the reducing end, allowing overlapping ladders of disaccharides to be isolated from MS(n). High confidence stereo-structural determination was achieved by matching MS(n) CID of the diagnostic ions to synthetic standards via a spectral matching algorithm. Using this MS(n) (n = 4 or 5) approach, the stereo-structures, anomeric configurations, and locations of three individual sugar units within two pentasaccharides were successfully determined.
The Role of Immunophilin Ligands in Nerve Regeneration (2011)

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a widely used immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. However, it also has neurotrophic activity that occurs independently of its immunosuppressive effects. Other neurotrophic immunophilin ligands that do not exhibit immunosuppression have subsequently been developed and studied in various models of nerve injury. This article reviews the literature on the use of tacrolimus and other immunophilin ligands in peripheral nerve, cranial nerve and spinal cord injuries. The most convincing evidence of enhanced nerve regeneration is seen with systemic administration of tacrolimus in peripheral nerve injury, although clinical use is limited due to its immunosuppressive side effects. Local tacrolimus delivery to the site of nerve repair in peripheral and cranial nerve injury is less effective but requires further investigation. Tacrolimus can enhance outcomes in nerve allograft reconstruction and accelerates reinnervation of complex functional allograft transplants. Other non-immunosuppressive immunophilins ligands such as V-10367 and FK1706 demonstrate enhanced neuroregeneration in the peripheral nervous system and CNS. Mixed results are found in the application of immunophilin ligands to treat spinal cord injury. Immunophilin ligands have great potential in the treatment of nerve injury, but further preclinical studies are necessary to permit translation into clinical trials.
A simple polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure for separation of polyamidoamine dendrimers (2003)

A simple, inexpensive, and rapid electrophoresis technique was developed for use as a routine tool for evaluating purity of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. A variety of factors influencing migration of generations 0-7 dendrimers on nongradient polyacrylamide gels were evaluated. The low generation dendrimers were found to be very sensitive to diffusion during or after electrophoresis. The proposed method incorporates steps that minimize diffusion, in order to obtain improved resolution and sensitivity, especially for the lower-molecular-weight dendrimers. This was accomplished by inclusion of a dendrimer fixation step with glutaraldehyde and performing the electrophoresis separation, fixation, staining, and destaining at 4 degrees C. PAMAM dendrimer separation was studied under basic and acidic conditions. Electrophoresis under acidic conditions gave increased resolution and sensitivity over separation at alkaline pH. Oligomers and trailing generations could be clearly separated and visualized under these conditions. The smallest PAMAM dendrimer, generation 0, was visible at 1.5 microg under the optimized acidic conditions. With slight modifications, this technique should be applicable to separation of other water-soluble dendrimers.
A suitable algorithm for computing partial transitive closures in databases (2002)

The computation of partial transitive closures is considered as an elementary operation for implementing deductive database systems. A new algorithm supporting this operation is presented. Unlike previously published algorithms, which are based on either matrix manipulations or depth-first search strategy, the algorithm presented uses breadth-first search as its dominant traversal strategy, a graph compression method to minimize temporary results, and Tarjan's technique in a new way to deal with strongly connected components. It is shown that this algorithm is especially suitable for computing partial transitive closures in databases, for it also aims at the minimization of disk I/O. Preliminary results of a simulation confirm this suitability. In addition, considerations about the implementation are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigational treatments of venous thromboembolism (2007)

The antithrombotic management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has gone through major developments. Indirect inhibitors such as low molecular weight heparin and the pentasaccharide fondaparinux represent improvements over traditional drugs such as unfractionated heparin for acute treatment of VTE with more targeted approaches, predictable pharmacokinetic profiles and lack of need for monitoring. Vitamin K antagonists, with inherent limitations of multiple food and drug interactions and frequent need for monitoring, remain the only oral anticoagulants approved for long-term secondary thromboprophylaxis in VTE with the removal of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran from the world market due to safety concerns. Newer anticoagulant drugs such as parenteral pentasaccharides (idraparinux and SSR-126517-E), oral direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran), oral direct Factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, YM-150 and DU-176b) and tissue factor-Factor VIIa complex inhibitors (NAPc2) are tailor-made to target specific procoagulant complexes and have the potential to greatly expand our antithrombotic armamentarium for both acute and long-term treatment of VTE, especially as non-monitored parenteral and oral anticoagulants with a wide therapeutic window and a predictable anticoagulant response.
Reciprocity Calibration for Massive MIMO Systems by Mutual Coupling between Adjacent Antennas (2016)

Scaling up the conventional multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) by orders of magnitude, massive MIMO technique brings huge improvement in spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. However, under time- division duplex (TDD) operation, the reciprocity calibration need to be necessarily investigated, since the mismatches of the transceiver radio frequency (RF) circuits at both sides of the link will make the whole communication channels non-reciprocal. In this paper, by utilizing the strong mutual coupling between adjacent antennas, a new calibration algorithm called adjacent mutual coupling method (AdjMC) is proposed for massive MIMO systems with zero forcing (ZF) precoding. Exploiting this method, the base station (BS) can perform the reciprocity calibration without the involvement of user equipments (UEs). Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, comparing with the several methods in the least squares (LS) framework, the AdjMC method significantly reduces the complexity and achieves the high performance.
MicroRNAs can generate thresholds in target gene expression (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules that repress gene expression in a sequence-dependent manner. We performed single-cell measurements using quantitative fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to monitor a target gene's protein expression in the presence and absence of regulation by miRNA. We find that although the average level of repression is modest, in agreement with previous population-based measurements, the repression among individual cells varies dramatically. In particular, we show that regulation by miRNAs establishes a threshold level of target mRNA below which protein production is highly repressed. Near this threshold, protein expression responds sensitively to target mRNA input, consistent with a mathematical model of molecular titration. These results show that miRNAs can act both as a switch and as a fine-tuner of gene expression.
An Intelligent Computer-Based System for Sign Language Tutoring (2012)

ABSTRACT A computer-based system for sign language tutoring has been developed using a low-cost data glove and a software application that processes the movement signals for signs in real-time and uses Pattern Matching techniques to decide if a trainee has closely replicated a teacher's recorded movements. The data glove provides 17 movement signals from Bend sensors and push down switches and is used initially by the teacher to record selected signs. A trainee can study an animated 3D model of a hand and arm showing the recorded sign movements at leisure, before using the data glove to try and replicate the sign. Four Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) teachers provided 65 common posture and gesture signs, and then 10 trainees from the local community were asked to evaluate the system. They achieved an overall average accuracy of 93.8% in replicating the signs, despite finding the gestures harder than the postures to perform, and found approximately 18% of the signs difficult because of particular thumb/finger and wrist bending angles. Both the teachers and the trainees were familiar with these signs, and a usability questionnaire revealed that they preferred this approach to sign-language tutoring than the traditional human based method they had already experienced.
Transmission of Zika Virus Through Sexual Contact with Travelers to Areas of Ongoing Transmission — Continental United States, 2016 (2016)

Zika virus is a flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. Although spread is primarily by Aedes species mosquitoes, two instances of sexual transmission of Zika virus have been reported, and replicative virus has been isolated from semen of one man with hematospermia. On February 5, 2016, CDC published recommendations for preventing sexual transmission of Zika virus. Updated prevention guidelines were published on February 23. During February 6-22, 2016, CDC received reports of 14 instances of suspected sexual transmission of Zika virus. Among these, two laboratory-confirmed cases and four probable cases of Zika virus disease have been identified among women whose only known risk factor was sexual contact with a symptomatic male partner with recent travel to an area with ongoing Zika virus transmission. Two instances have been excluded based on additional information, and six others are still under investigation. State, territorial, and local public health departments, clinicians, and the public should be aware of current recommendations for preventing sexual transmission of Zika virus, particularly to pregnant women. Men who reside in or have traveled to an area of ongoing Zika virus transmission and have a pregnant partner should abstain from sexual activity or consistently and correctly use condoms during sex with their pregnant partner for the duration of the pregnancy.
GARDMON: A Java-based Monitoring Tool for Gardens Non-dedicated Cluster Computing System. (1999)

Combined use of RCM and OCT elucidated distinctive follicle infundibulum characteristics and inflammation degree that were associated with acne severity. Future trials may apply imaging techniques to support clinical acne grading, and monitor treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:104-113, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross-Section Evaluations to 150 MeV for Accelerator-Driven Systems and Implementation in MCNPX (1999)

New accelerator-driven technologies that utilize spallation neutrons, such as the production of tritium and the transmutation of radioactive waste, require accurate nuclear data to model the performance of the target/blanket assembly and to predict neutron production, activation, heating, shielding requirements, and material damage. To meet these needs, nuclear-data evaluations and libraries up to 150 MeV have been developed for use in transport calculations to guide engineering design. By using advanced nuclear models that account for details of nuclear structure and the quantum nature of the nuclear scattering, significant gains in accuracy can be achieved below 150 MeV, where intranuclear cascade calculations become less accurate. Evaluations are in ENDF-6 format for important target/blanket and shielding materials (isotopes of H, C, N, O, Al, Si, P, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb, W, Hg, and Pb) for both incident neutrons and incident protons. The evaluations are based on measured data as well as predictions from the GNASH nuclear model code, which calculates cross sections using Hauser-Feshbach, exciton, and Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin preequilibrium models. Elastic scattering distributions and direct reactions are calculated from the optical model. All evaluations specify production cross sections and energy-angle correlated spectra of secondary light particles as well as production cross sections and energy distributions of heavy recoils and gamma rays. A formalism developed to calculate recoil energy distributions is presented. The use of these nuclear data in the MCNPX radiation transport code is also briefly described. This code merges essential elements of the LAHET and MCNP codes and uses these new data below 150 MeV and intranuclear cascade collision physics at higher energies. Extensive comparisons are shown between the evaluated results and experimental cross-section data to benchmark and validate the evaluated library. In addition, integral benchmarks of calculated and measured kerma coefficients for neutron energy deposition and neutron transmission through an iron slab compared with MCNPX calculations are provided. These evaluations have been accepted into the ENDF/B-VI library as Release 6.