gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Method for High-Throughput Analysis of Oleic Acid and Linolenic Acid Content of Single Seeds in Oilseed Rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (2009)

The development of oilseed rape cultivars with a high content of oleic acid (18:1) and a low content of linolenic acid (18:3) in the seed oil is an important breeding aim. Oil of this quality is increasingly being sought by the food and the oleochemical industry. Since the oil quality is determined by the genotype of the seed, a selection can be performed among single seeds of segregating populations. For this purpose a high-throughput Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) method using an automated sample presentation unit for single seeds of oilseed rape and a spectrometer equipped with a photodiode array detector was developed. Single-seed analyses have been accomplished with a throughput of up to 800 seeds per hour. Seeds from segregating populations of different origin were analyzed by NIRS and gas chromatography. Calibration equations were developed and validated applying the Modified Partial Least Square regression (MPLS) and LOCAL procedure. In three independent validations, standard errors of prediction corrected for bias between 2.7% and 3.7% for oleic acid and 1.2% and 1.8% for linolenic acid were determined using MPLS. Similar results were obtained applying the LOCAL procedure. The results show that the new high-throughput method can be applied to predict the oleic acid and linolenic acid content of single seeds of oilseed rape.
In situ synthesis of MoS2/graphene nanosheet composites with extraordinarily high electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries (2011)

A facile process was developed to synthesize MoS(2)/graphene nanosheet (GNS) composites by a one-step in situ solution-phase method. These MoS(2)/GNS composites therefore exhibit extraordinary capacity, i.e., up to 1300 mA h g(-1), and excellent rate capability and cycling stability as an anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Functional Expression of MT2 (Mel1b) Melatonin Receptors in Human PAZ6 Adipocytes (2001)

Several reports have demonstrated that the pineal hormone, melatonin, plays an important role in body mass regulation in mammals. To date, however, the target tissues and relevant biochemical mechanisms involved remain uncharacterized. As adipose tissue is the principal site of energy storage in the body, we investigated whether melatonin could also act on this tissue. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor mRNAs in the human brown adipose cell line, PAZ6, as well as in human brown and white adipose tissue. Binding analysis with 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin ((125)I-Mel) revealed the presence of a single, high affinity binding site in PAZ6 adipocytes with a binding capacity of 7.46 +/- 1.58 fmol/mg protein and a K(d) of 457 +/- 5 pM. Both melatonin and the MT2 receptor-selective antagonist, 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline, competed with 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding, with respective K(i) values of 3 x 10(-11) and 1.5 x 10(-11) M. Functional expression of melatonin receptors in PAZ6 adipocytes was indicated by the melatonin-induced, dose-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels and basal cGMP levels with IC(50) values of 2 x 10(-9) and 3 x 10(-10) M, respectively. Modulation of the cGMP pathway by melatonin further supports functional expression of MT2 receptors, as this pathway was shown to be specific for that subtype in humans. In addition, long-term melatonin treatment of PAZ6 adipocytes was found to decrease the expression of the glucose transporter Glut4 and glucose uptake, an important parameter of adipocyte metabolism. These results suggest that melatonin may act directly at MT2 receptors on human brown adipocytes to regulate adipocyte physiology.
Open-loop fiber optic gyroscope with wide dynamic range (1992)

An open-loop, wide dynamic range, fiber optic gyroscope has been demonstrated by using the PLL phase tracking technique. This technique provides a linear output of an open-loop gyroscope with the Sagnac phase shift up to 2Nπ rad, N=2n, is where n an integer number.
Pancake Core High Conversion Light Water Reactor Concept (1989)

A new concept is proposed for a high conversion light water reactor (HCL WR) that achieves both high conversion and high burnup while maintaining a negative void reactivity coefficient. This HCLWR has a flat “pancake” core with thick axial blankets. By using the flat core, a potential problem of HCLWRs, the positive void reactivity coefficient, can be reduced by neutron leakage, and a fuel assembly of very tight lattice pitch can be used. The leakage neutrons are utilized in the axial blankets to enhance the conversion ratio.With the axial blankets, the core shows a small value for the axial power peaking factor, and the plutonium enrichment can be largely reduced by the neutron reflection, including the fast fission due to 238U, compared with the bare core. Moreover, upgraded burnup characteristics can be obtained by the accumulation of fissile plutonium in the blankets. The flat core with the blankets can be applied to a small- or intermediate-scale light water reactor.The analysis combines a cell burnup calculation and a one-dimensional burnup calculation based on the diffusion method. The evaluation method of the void coefficient is validated for the flat core with axial blankets under practical, controlled conditions. Moreover, the accuracy of the present method is validated for the transport effect on the major physics parameters of interest by using the one-dimensional transport code ANISN and the Monte Carlo code VIM.
An Effective Thermal Model for FinFET Structure (2014)

This brief presents a physics-based thermal model for FinFET structure that is constructed mainly based on the concept of characteristic thermal lengths representing various heat loss paths for heat conduction along each segment of the fins, channel, and metal/poly wires. The model is calibrated by extracting the thermal resistances and thermal lengths describing the heat conduction and losses in each segment and extended to multifin structure to account for thermal coupling between fins. The accuracy of the model is demonstrated against 3-D numerical simulations.
The Pro-apoptotic Function of Death-associated Protein Kinase Is Controlled by a Unique Inhibitory Autophosphorylation-based Mechanism (2001)

Death-associated protein kinase is a calcium/calmodulin serine/threonine kinase, which positively mediates programmed cell death in a variety of systems. Here we addressed its mode of regulation and identified a mechanism that restrains its apoptotic function in growing cells and enables its activation during cell death. It involves autophosphorylation of Ser(308) within the calmodulin (CaM)-regulatory domain, which occurs at basal state, in the absence of Ca(2+)/CaM, and is inversely correlated with substrate phosphorylation. This type of phosphorylation takes place in growing cells and is strongly reduced upon their exposure to the apoptotic stimulus of C(6)-ceramide. The substitution of Ser(308) to alanine, which mimics the ceramide-induced dephosphorylation at this site, increases Ca(2+)/CaM-independent substrate phosphorylation as well as binding and overall sensitivity of the kinase to CaM. At the cellular level, it strongly enhances the death-promoting activity of the kinase. Conversely, mutation to aspartic acid reduces the binding of the protein to CaM and abrogates almost completely the death-promoting function of the protein. These results are consistent with a molecular model in which phosphorylation on Ser(308) stabilizes a locked conformation of the CaM-regulatory domain within the catalytic cleft and simultaneously also interferes with CaM binding. We propose that this unique mechanism of auto-inhibition evolved to impose a locking device, which keeps death-associated protein kinase silent in healthy cells and ensures its activation only in response to apoptotic signals.
Cytotaxonomical studies on boreal plants. III. Some new chromosome numbers of Scandinavian plants. (1944)

Cytotaxonomical studies on boreal plants. III. Some new chromosome numbers of Scandinavian plants.
Review of longitudinal studies of MRI brain volumetry in patients with traumatic brain injury (2011)

In comparison with the cross-sectional design, the longitudinal design may be preferable for understanding the progression of brain atrophy after injury and understanding its association with important clinical variables.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL PRECURSORS OF THIENAMYCIN FROM L‐THREONINE (1984)

Abstract Die aus L‐Threonin zugängliche Brom‐buttersäure (I) wird zu den Verbindungen (III) amidiert, aus denen die Lactame (IV) gewonnen werden.
Transient liquid phase sintered attach for power electronics (2013)

Low temperature transient liquid phase sintering (LT-TLPS) pastes, based on copper-tin, have been developed for high temperature attachment of wide band gap semiconductor dice to substrates for power electronics. The LT-TLPS attach process enables pressure-less joining at low temperatures in air. An organic binder has been used to form a stencil-printable paste that prevents oxidation of the copper and tin particles, before and during sintering. Shear samples have been manufactured consisting of copper dummy dice and copper substrates joined with a stencil printed layer of one of three copper-tin sinter pastes (viz. Cu60Sn, Cu50Sn, and Cu40Sn) having copper concentrations of 40%, 50%, and 60% by weight respectively. A high-temperature shear test setup has been designed to determine the shear strength of the three pastes at temperatures of 25°C, 125°C, 250°C, 400°C, and 600°C. It has been shown that the joints remain strong up to the melting point of the dominant intermetallic phase of the joint. Cu50Sn joints showed no reduction in shear strength up to 400°C, while Cu40Sn pastes showed no reduction in shear strength up to 600°C. This demonstrates that pressure-less LT-TLPS pastes can be used to form high-temperature resilient joints at low process temperatures in reasonably short process times.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in Cystic Fibrosis (1993)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that leads to a defect in chloride ion transport and results in pancreatic and pulmonary insufficiency. The pulmonary disease is characterized by bacterial colonization and inflammation with excessive levels of neutrophils and neutrophil elastase within the lung. Neutrophil elastase is considered to be one of the major mediators of the pulmonary damage. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a natural anti-protease found in the upper airways and has been successfully produced by recombinant technology. SLPI is effective in reducing elastase-induced damage in vitro and in vivo and has recently been administered safely as an aeroeol to CF patients with evidence of biochemical efficacy.
On Electron Mirror Microscopy (1955)

This paper deals with a new kind of electron microscopy in which the specimen constitutes an electron mirror. The low velocity of the electrons in front of this mirror-specimen enables pictorial representations of potential distributions on surfaces. A resolving power comparable to that of the light microscope has been obtained. Sample micrographs depicting surface reliefs, potential distributions on surfaces, and the distribution of electrical conductivity are shown. The peculiar kind of image formation is briefly discussed and reference is made to the potentialities of such a research tool for surface physics and metallurgy.
Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk and Progression in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (2011)

We observed a strong inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of lethal prostate cancer. The association appears to be related to non-caffeine components of coffee.
Binary CaO-SiO(2) gel-glasses for biomedical applications. (2004)

Bioactive materials are routinely used in dental and orthopaedic applications. The concept was first introduced in 1971, with the discovery of 45S5 Bioglass, which is known to develop an interfacial bond between the implant and the host tissue. This glass is composed of SiO(2), CaO, P(2)O(5) and Na(2)O. Since then numerous glasses and glass ceramics with similar compositions have been extensively studied for clinical applications. Until 1990 it was accepted that P(2)O(5) and Na(2)O were necessary components for the glass composition to be bioactive. However, calcium silicate glasses with high SiO(2) content are impossible to produce using the traditional melt-quench method. This is due to the liquid-liquid immiscibility region that is present between 0.02 and 0.3 mole fraction of CaO and in terms of bioactivity, high CaO compositions were inferior to those quaternary bioactive glass compositions already in existence. In the last few years several studies have been reported regarding the production of CaO-SiO(2) glasses via the sol-gel processing technique. This report summarises the findings of the past and the present and also outlines potential of these calcium silicate gel-glasses in the field of biomaterials.
Interior-point methodology for 3-D PET reconstruction (2000)

Interior-point methods have been successfully applied to a wide variety of linear and nonlinear programming applications. This paper presents a class of algorithms, based on path-following interior-point methodology, for performing regularized maximum-likelihood (ML) reconstructions on three-dimensional (3-D) emission tomography data. The algorithms solve a sequence of subproblems that converge to the regularized maximum likelihood solution from the interior of the feasible region (the nonnegative orthant). We propose two methods, a primal method which updates only the primal image variables and a primal-dual method which simultaneously updates the primal variables and the Lagrange multipliers. A parallel implementation permits the interior-point methods to scale to very large reconstruction problems. Termination is based on well-defined convergence measures, namely, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker first-order necessary conditions for optimality. We demonstrate the rapid convergence of the path-following interior-point methods using both data from a small animal scanner and Monte Carlo simulated data. The proposed methods can readily be applied to solve the regularized, weighted least squares reconstruction problem.
Evaluating the Contribution of Base Stacking during Translesion DNA Replication (2003)

Despite the nontemplating nature of the abasic site, dAMP is often preferentially inserted opposite the lesion, a phenomenon commonly referred to as the "A-rule". We have evaluated the molecular mechanism accounting for this unique behavior using a thorough kinetic approach to evaluate polymerization efficiency during translesion DNA replication. Using the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase, we have measured the insertion of a series of modified nucleotides and have demonstrated that increasing the size of the nucleobase does not correlate with increased insertion efficiency opposite an abasic site. One analogue, 5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside triphosphate, was unique as it was inserted opposite the lesion with approximately 1000-fold greater efficiency compared to that for dAMP insertion. Pre-steady-state kinetic measurements yield a kpol value of 126 s(-1) and a Kd value of 18 microM for the insertion of 5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside triphosphate opposite the abasic site. These values rival those associated with the enzymatic formation of a natural Watson-Crick base pair. These results not only reiterate that hydrogen bonding is not necessary for nucleotide insertion but also indicate that the base-stacking and/or desolvation capabilities of the incoming nucleobase may indeed play the predominant role in generating efficient DNA polymerization. A model accounting for the increase in catalytic efficiency of this unique nucleobase is provided and invokes pi-pi stacking interactions of the aromatic moiety of the incoming nucleobase with aromatic amino acids present in the polymerase's active site. Finally, differences in the rate of 5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside triphosphate insertion opposite an abasic site are measured between the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase and the Klenow fragment. These kinetic differences are interpreted with regard to the differences in various structural components between the two enzymes and are consistent with the proposed model for DNA polymerization.
THE EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES ON IN VITRO FIBER DEVELOPMENT FROM FERTILIZED COTTON OVULES (1973)

Cotton ovules were aseptically removed from ovaries 48 hr after anthesis and floated on the surface of liquid medium. Plant growth substances were filter sterilized and added to the medium in which glucose was the principal source of carbohydrate and KNO 3 the sole source of nitrogen. The amount of total fiber produced from the ovule surface was determined colorimetrically from the intensity of a destaining solution to which the ovules had been transferred following their 15‐second emersion in a solution of toluidine blue O. Gibberellic acid induced a marked stimulation and kinetin and abscisic acid a marked inhibition of fiber production from fertilized cotton ovules. Indoleacetic acid afforded only a trend of stimulation of fiber production. Gibberellic acid overcame the inhibition of total fiber production induced by both kinetin and abscisic acid. Indoleacetic acid did not overcome the inhibition of total fiber production induced by kinetin but did, to a great extent, overcome the inhibition due to abscisic acid.
In silico analysis of enantioselective binding of immunomodulatory imide drugs to cereblon (2016)

Our docking results provide novel insights into the binding mode of IMiD-like molecules and contribute to a deeper understanding of cereblon-related biology.
Polyoxometalate Embedding of a Tetraruthenium(IV)-oxo-core by Template-Directed Metalation of [γ-SiW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>36</sub>]<sup>8−</sup>: A Totally Inorganic Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst (2008)

Solid state and solution evidence confirms the embedding of an adamantane-like, Ru4O6 fragment by the divacant, gamma-decatungstosilicate ligand. The resulting complex catalyzes water oxidation to oxygen with TON up to 500 and TOF > 450 h-1.
Intestinal absorptive capacity, intestinal permeability and jejunal histology in HIV and their relation to diarrhoea. (1995)

Intestinal function is poorly defined in patients with HIV infection. Absorptive capacity and intestinal permeability were assessed using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and lactulose in 88 HIV infected patients and the findings were correlated with the degree of immunosuppression (CD4 counts), diarrhoea, wasting, intestinal pathogen status, and histomorphometric analysis of jejunal biopsy samples. Malabsorption of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and D-xylose was prevalent in all groups of patients with AIDS but not in asymptomatic, well patients with HIV. Malabsorption correlated significantly (r = 0.34-0.56, p < 0.005) with the degree of immune suppression and with body mass index. Increased intestinal permeability was found in all subgroups of patients. The changes in absorption-permeability were of comparable severity to those found in patients with untreated coeliac disease. Jejunal histology, however, showed only mild changes in the villus height/crypt depth ratio as compared with subtotal villus atrophy in coeliac disease. Malabsorption and increased intestinal permeability are common in AIDS patients. Malabsorption, which has nutritional implications, relates more to immune suppression than jejunal morphological changes.
Human<i>P<sub>1</sub>-450</i>gene sequence and correlation of mRNA with genetic differences in benzo(a]pyrene metabolism (1985)

The human P1-450 gene (6,311 base pairs), as well as the 5' (1,604 bases) and 3' (113 bases) flanking regions, have been completely sequenced. Four highly homologous boxes (61, 82, 56 and 97 base pairs) between the human and mouse P1-450 genes are found in the "TATA" box promoter region, -226, -338, and -450 upstream from the cap site, respectively. Nine genomic-DNA samples were digested with each of 23 restriction endonucleases and probed with human P1-450 cDNA fragments; restriction fragment length polymorphisms are detected, although it remains to be seen whether such a recombinant DNA test will be useful in determining individuals at increased risk for cigarette smoking-induced cancer and toxicity. We show in this report, however, that human inducible P1-450 mRNA concentrations are very highly correlated (r = 0.98; N = 6) with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in mitogen-activated lymphocyte cultures.
Application of microwave heating techniques for the synthesis of solid state inorganic compounds (1988)

A commercially available microwave oven operating at 2450 MHz and power levels of 50–500 W has been used to synthesis some ternary inorganic oxides in high yield, and in a fraction of the time required for conventional conduction heating methods.
Occupational Hazards to Hospital Personnel (1985)

Hospital personnel are subject to various occupational hazards. Awareness of these risks, compliance with basic preventive measures, and adequate resources for interventions are essential components of an occupational health program. Physical, chemical, and radiation hazards; important infectious risks; and psychosocial problems prevalent in hospital workers are reviewed. A rational approach to managing and preventing these problems is offered.
The Synthesis of Unsymmetric and Symmetric Disulfides (1994)

Abstract The disulfide of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is shown to be useful for the preparation of a wide variety of unsymmetric and symmetric disulfides.
HIPPIE: Integrating Protein Interaction Networks with Experiment Based Quality Scores (2012)

Protein function is often modulated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and therefore defining the partners of a protein helps to understand its activity. PPIs can be detected through different experimental approaches and are collected in several expert curated databases. These databases are used by researchers interested in examining detailed information on particular proteins. In many analyses the reliability of the characterization of the interactions becomes important and it might be necessary to select sets of PPIs of different confidence levels. To this goal, we generated HIPPIE (Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction rEference), a human PPI dataset with a normalized scoring scheme that integrates multiple experimental PPI datasets. HIPPIE's scoring scheme has been optimized by human experts and a computer algorithm to reflect the amount and quality of evidence for a given PPI and we show that these scores correlate to the quality of the experimental characterization. The HIPPIE web tool (available at http://cbdm.mdc-berlin.de/tools/hippie) allows researchers to do network analyses focused on likely true PPI sets by generating subnetworks around proteins of interest at a specified confidence level.