gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crew factors in flight operations II : psychophysiological responses to short-haul air transport operations (2010)

This report is the second in a series on the physiological and psychological effects of flight operations on flight crews, and on the operational significance of these effects. This overview presents a comprehensive review and interpretation of the major findings. To document the psychophysiological effects of flying commercial short-haul air transport operations, 74 pilots from two airlines were monitored before, during, and after 3-day or 4-day trip patterns. Subjects wore a portable biomedical monitor which recorded core-body temperature, heart rate, and wrist activity every 2 minutes. They also rated their fatigue and mood every 2 hours while awake, and recorded sleep episodes, naps, showers, exercise, duty times, food and fluid intake, voidings, cigarettes, medications, and medical symptoms in a daily logbook. A background questionaire was administered which included basic demographic information, sleep and life-style habits, and four personality inventories. A cockpit observer accompanied the crews on the flight deck and kept a detailed log of operational events. The supporting scientific analyses are described in detail in the rest of the text. Only the operational summary is available on line.
Growth factor modulation of p53-mediated growth arrest versus apoptosis. (1995)

Irradiation of mammalian cells can cause cell cycle perturbations and apoptotic cell death. We have investigated the modulation of these physiologic end points by growth factor stimulation: irradiation of a murine hematopoietic cell line in the presence of interlekin-3 (IL-3) induces G1 arrest, and irradiation in the absence of IL-3 results in rapid apoptotic cell death. Both of these end points are dependent on p53. Transient removal of IL-3 at the time of irradiation results in decreased clonogenic survival of irradiated cells. The removal of IL-3 results in a failure of the irradiated cells to arrest at the G1 checkpoint, despite induction of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1, and then the cells enter S-phase where they undergo apoptosis. There are no cytokine-related changes in Bcl-2, Bax, or Bcl-x protein levels that could account for the modulation of G1 arrest versus apoptosis by growth factors. In contrast, rapid p53-independent alterations of basal levels of gadd45 and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression are linked to IL-3 withdrawal, suggesting a potential mechanism for this modulation. Constitutive activation of cytokine-like pathways with induced expression of v-Src or activated c-Raf inhibits the radiation-induced apoptosis and the alterations in p21WAF1/CIP1 and gadd45 expression. These observations suggest additional molecular mechanisms that can contribute to the development of radioresistance and resistance to apoptosis during tumorigenesis and provide an explanation for the observed lack of p53 mutations in some tumor types. In addition, these data suggest that oncogenic changes occurring during multistep tumorigenesis could be classified as those that either enhance or decrease apoptosis tendencies.
Gentamicin sulfate in the horse: serum, synovial, peritoneal, and urine concentrations after single dose intramuscular administration (1982)

Ten healthy adult mares were given a single intramuscular dose (2.2 mg/kg) of gentamicin sulfate. Over a 48-h period, gentamicin concentrations were measured serially in the serum of all ten mares and in synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine of six of the mares. The mean peak serum gentamicin concentration was 5.73 micrograms/ml at 1 h. Gentamicin was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, with mean peak gentamicin concentrations of 2.41 micrograms/ml and 3.92 micrograms/ml, respectively, observed at 2 h. These concentrations declined in parallel with serum concentrations and were not measurable at 48 h. Urine gentamicin concentration was relatively high, with a mean peak concentration of 424.9 micrograms/ml at 1 h after drug administration.
Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep: Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials of <i>Sativex</i><sup>®</sup>, a Cannabis‐Based Medicine (2007)

Cannabis sativa L. has been utilized for treatment of pain and sleep disorders since ancient times. This review examines modern studies on effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on sleep. It goes on to report new information on the effects on sleep in the context of medical treatment of neuropathic pain and symptoms of multiple sclerosis, employing standardized oromucosal cannabis-based medicines containing primarily THC, CBD, or a 1 : 1 combination of the two (Sativex). Sleep-laboratory results indicate a mild activating effect of CBD, and slight residual sedation with THC-predominant extracts. Experience to date with Sativex in numerous Phase I-III studies in 2000 subjects with 1000 patient years of exposure demonstrate marked improvement in subjective sleep parameters in patients with a wide variety of pain conditions including multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathic pain, intractable cancer pain, and rheumatoid arthritis, with an acceptable adverse event profile. No tolerance to the benefit of Sativex on pain or sleep, nor need for dosage increases have been noted in safety extension studies of up to four years, wherein 40-50% of subjects attained good or very good sleep quality, a key source of disability in chronic pain syndromes that may contribute to patients' quality of life.
A low-power 98-dB multibit audio DAC in a standard 3.3-V 0.35-μm CMOS technology (2002)

An oversampled digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented. The performance of this device has been achieved with a careful tradeoff with power consumption. A digital /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator has been optimized for the 96-dB target. In the switched-capacitor reconstruction filter (SCF), the input structure is embedded in the feedback loop in order to reduce the output noise. The order of the SCF is three, larger than in competitive solutions, allowing to achieve a lower out-of-band noise. Finally, the differential-to-single-ended converter does not strongly limit the overall DAC channel performance. The device has been realized in a standard 3.3-V CMOS technology. With a 28-mW-per-channel power consumption the dynamic range is 98 dB, while the SNDR peak is 86 dB.
Modulation of host gene expression by the constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. (2002)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infects B cells and microvascular endothelium,and is linked to both lymphoid and endothelial neoplasms. KSHV encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (v-GPCR) that can bind several CC and CXC chemokines but is able to signal in the absence of known ligands. This signaling can transform cultured fibroblasts, promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase, and p38 pathways. To assess the potential impact of v-GPCR signaling on host cell biology we have examined cellular gene expression in v-GPCR-transfected cells using DNA microarrays. v-GPCR expression up-regulated numerous cellular transcripts in both BJAB B cells and SLK endothelial cells, but with a remarkable degree of cell-type specificity. Among the most highly regulated genes in endothelial cells were the cytokines interleukin 6 and GRO alpha; several genes affecting endothelial/vascular growth and remodeling were also induced, including plasminogen, thrombomodulin, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, and to a modest extent vascular endothelial growth factor C. By contrast, the most highly regulated genes in B cells were the CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta. No genes other than members of the dual-specificity phosphatase family were induced in both cell lines. The results indicate that the effects of KSHV GPCR expression in these two target cell types differ considerably and suggest that signaling by this molecule may make different contributions to the pathogenesis of KSHV-related endothelial and lymphoproliferative lesions.
DASH: A dynamic 16g hexapedal robot (2009)

DASH is a small, lightweight, power autonomous robot capable of running at speeds up to 15 body lengths per second (see video). Drawing inspiration from biomechanics, DASH has a sprawled posture and uses an alternating tripod gait to achieve dynamic open-loop horizontal locomotion. The kinematic design which uses only a single drive motor and allows for a high power density is presented. The design is implemented using a scaled Smart Composite Manufacturing (SCM) process. Evidence is given that DASH runs with a gait that can be characterized using the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. In addition to being fast, DASH is also well suited to surviving falls from large heights, due to the uniquely compliant nature of its structure.
[Negative pressure therapy for surgical wounds]. (2009)

In surgery, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is applied for thoracic, abdominal, and extremity wounds, particularly if there is traumatic tissue loss, if primary wound closure is not possible or if the wound has to be left open or reopened because of an infection. The NPWT applications are, however, running ahead of scientific evidence to support their use. Although there is plenty of literature available, very little convincing evidence exists based on well-conducted, randomised trials. NPWT can be applied to thoracic wounds (usually due to deep sternal wound infections) to reduce treatment duration. NPWT also appears useful if primary closure of the abdomen is not possible. For traumatic extremity wounds, NPWT can be helpful as a practical temporary wound cover. Possible disadvantages of NPWT are skin irritation, painful dressing changes, entero-atmospheric fistulae, and the risk of bleeding in patients using anticoagulants. The effect of NPWT on wound healing, infection, mortality, and costs remains unclear. To obtain convincing evidence, we call for greater NPWT application in a research context.
Some Reflections on the Potential and Limitations of Deep Learning for Automated Music Generation (2018)

Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence are slowly revolutionizing many fields of applications, having the potential to replace humans in a variety of tasks and jobs. Nevertheless, creativity has always been considered something inherently human: recent research shows that, however, this may not always be the case. From this standpoint, this paper focuses on music and on the recent advancements in deep learning applied to the generation of musical content. We argue that, while those models are able to produce results that could actually be considered music, the role of the human musician still remains preponderant in the production of a musical piece. We here reflect on such limitations, directing our efforts to imagining new tools and instruments that may allow to experience new forms of interaction while supporting novel processes of creativity and music production.
CNN-based rate-distortion modeling for H.265/HEVC (2017)

In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based rate-distortion (R-D) modeling method for H.265/HEVC. A fully convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed to learn end-to-end, pixels-to-pixels mappings from the original images to the structural similarity (SSIM) maps indicating distortion. The rate information is predicted through a CNN with fully connected layers as well. When compared to traditional CNN methods, the proposed mappings to the distortion or rate information. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our CNN-based framework for rate-distortion modeling.
Electroluminescent devices based on amorphous SiN/Si quantum dots/amorphous SiN sandwiched structures (2008)

A single layer of dense Si quantum dots with average size of 4 nm sandwiched in amorphous SiN layers was prepared by laser crystallization of ultrathin amorphous Si film followed by subsequently thermal annealing. The electroluminescent diodes were fabricated by evaporating Al electrodes on back sides of p-Si substrates and the top surface of samples. Room temperature electroluminescence can be detected with applying the negative voltage around 10V on the top gate electrode and the luminescent intensity is increased with increasing the applied voltage. It was found that the integrated luminescent intensity is linearly proportional to the injection current which suggested the intensity depends on the concentrations of injected carriers after Fowler-Nordheim tunneling through amorphous SiN barriers. The influence of the amorphous SiN with different band gap on the device performance was also discussed briefly.
Effect of Increased Damping in Subordinate Oscillator Arrays (2018)

Previous literature has shown that large structures with a significant number\nof smaller attached structures exhibit much higher apparent damping than was predicted\nby models. Further research into this effect led to the discovery that arrays of such small\nattachments can be designed to alter the response of the overall system. That work also showed\nthat small variation in the distribution of attachment mass or stiffness degrade the performance\nof the system. Additive manufacturing has now matured such that several methods provide\nthe capability to realize the tolerances required to effectively test these designs. This paper\ndiscusses the use of StereoLithography Apparatus (SLA) optical fabrication to test the error\nsensitivity of different materials using laser vibrometry to characterize the mechanical behavior\nof the system.
IL-13-Mediated Worm Expulsion Is B7 Independent and IFN-γ Sensitive (2000)

B7 costimulation is a required component of many type 2 immune responses, including allergy and protective immunity to many nematode parasites. This response includes elevations in Th2 cytokines and associated effector functions including elevations in serum IgG1 and IgE and parasite expulsion. In studies of mice infected with Trichuris muris, blocking B7 ligand interactions inhibited protective immunity, suppressed IL-4 production, and enhanced IFN-gamma production, but unexpectedly did not inhibit production of the Th2 cytokine, IL-13. Blocking both IFN-gamma and B7 restored protective immunity, which was IL-13 dependent, but did not restore IL-4 or associated IgE responses. Although IL-13 was required for worm expulsion in mice in which both IFN-gamma and B7 were blocked, IL-4 could mediate expulsion in the absence of both IL-13 and IFN-gamma. These studies demonstrate that 1) B7 costimulation is required to induce IL-4, but not IL-13 responses; 2) IL-13 is elevated in association with the IFN-gamma response that occurs following inhibition of B7 interactions, but can only mediate IL-4-independent protection when IFN-gamma is also inhibited; and 3) increased IL-13 production, in the absence of increased IL-4 production, is not associated with an IgE response, even in the absence of IFN-gamma.
Synthesis of a 6-CF<sub>3</sub>-Substituted 2-Amino-dihydro-1,3-thiazine β-Secretase Inhibitor by <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride-Mediated Chemoselective Cyclization (2018)

The synthesis of a 6-CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted 2-amino-dihydro-1,3-thiazine via N, N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST)-mediated cyclization of N-hydroxypropyl thiourea 6 is described. This reaction gave 6-CF<sub>3</sub>-1,3-thiazine 7 with high chemical yield and chemoselectivity, suppressing the common byproduct of oxazine 8. This new protocol enabled access to 6-CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted 1,3-thiazine β-secretase inhibitor 2.
Digitalization decoupling method and its application to the phased array in MRI * (2003)

Abstract A general network decoupling method for phased array radio frequency coil used in magnetic resonance imaging is developed. A more flexible digital approach further simplifies the method, which has an even higher signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of the digitalized decoupling method was confirmed by the calculated result by using a high frequency structure simulation software with the method of finite element for a tree-port phased array RF coil. The consistence was well established between the theoretical and simulated results.
UV‐Light‐Driven Oxygen Pumping in a High‐Temperature Solid Oxide Photoelectrochemical Cell (2015)

A solid‐state photoelectrochemical cell is operated between 400 and 500 °C under 365 nm UV light. The cell consists of a photovoltaic part, based on a La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CrO 3 /SrTiO 3 junction, and an electrochemical part including a zirconia solid electrolyte with a shared (La,Sr)FeO 3 electrode. The photovoltaic cell part leads to open circuit voltages up to 920 mV at 400 °C. Upon UV light, this driving force is used in the electrochemical part of the cell to pump oxygen from low to high partial pressures, i.e., to convert radiation energy to chemical energy. This demonstrates the feasibility of high‐temperature photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy storage. The detailed characterization of the different resistance contributions in the system by DC and AC methods reveals the parts of the cell to be optimized for finally achieving high‐temperature photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Electrolytes and Interphasial Chemistry in Li Ion Devices (2010)

Since its appearance in 1991, the Li ion battery has been the major power source driving the rapid digitalization of our daily life; however, much of the processes and mechanisms underpinning this newest battery chemistry remains poorly understood. As in any electrochemical device, the major challenge comes from the electrolyte/electrode interfaces, where the discontinuity in charge distribution and extreme disequality in electric forces induce diversified processes that eventually determine the kinetics of Li+ intercalation chemistry. This article will summarize the most recent efforts on the fundamental understanding of the interphases in Li ion devices. Emphasis will be placed on the formation chemistry of the so-called “SEI” on graphitic anode, the effect of solvation sheath structure of Li+ on the intercalation energy barrier, and the feasibility of tailoring a desired interphase. Biologically inspired approaches to an ideal interphase will also be briefly discussed.
Dynamic Privacy in Public Surveillance (2009)

In implementing privacy protection in surveillance systems, designers must maximize privacy while retaining the system's purpose. One way to achieve this is to combine data-hiding techniques with context-aware policies governing access to securely collected and stored data.
Donor–Acceptor Porous Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: The Importance of Acceptor Comonomer (2016)

Porous conjugated polymer (PCP) is a new kind of photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP). Here, we report the importance of the electronic properties of acceptor comonomer in determining the reactivity of 4,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (DBD)-based PCP photocatalyst for PHP application. It was found that the incorporation of nitrogen-containing ligand acceptor monomers into PCP network is an effective strategy to enhance the PHP activity. These moderately electron-deficient comonomers enhanced the dipole polarization effect. These PCPs exhibit appropriate solid-state morphology for charge transport. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrate that these PCP materials are semicrystalline materials. A strong correlation between the crystalline property and PHP activity is observed. The replacement of nitrogen-containing ligand acceptors with ligand-free strong acceptors is proved to be detrimental to the PHP process, indicating the proper choice in the electronic properties of monomer pair is important for achieving high photoactivity.
Noise suppression, linewidth narrowing of a master oscillator power amplifier at 1.56μm and the second harmonic generation output at 780nm (2008)

We have demonstrated a 2 W cw single frequency 1.56 microm laser using a diode laser seeded Erbium doped fiber power amplifier, and a 715 mW cw single-frequency 780 nm laser by an external cavity enhanced second-harmonic-generation. The performance of the system was improved greatly by the seed diode laser optical locked to the resonant frequency of confocal F-P cavity. The linewidth of the 1.56 microm laser was narrowed from 2 MHz to 200 kHz, meanwhile, the intensity and phase noises were suppressed by 10 dB and 12 dB, respectively. The linewidth of the 780 nm laser was narrowed from 2 MHz to 300 kHz, meanwhile, the intensity and phase noises were suppressed by 11 dB and 13 dB, respectively.
Advance Reservation System for Datacenters (2016)

Reservation mechanisms have been used to guarantee users' access to cluster resources at the desired time instead of adopting a batch mode processing, where jobs are processed at the nearest time in the future, risking to wait an uncertain amount of time before being run. Allowing the cluster to accept reservations, besides queued jobs, has a major impact on the average response and waiting time of the latter. This paper adopts a technique that allows proper functioning of the system when both types of jobs are supported. The applied technique combines the queue discipline FCFS with a backfilling algorithm that scans the real time queue and allows jobs behind in this priority queue, ordered by the arrival time stamps, to be processed without delaying the head of the queue or an accepted reservation. Further experimental results show that the number of advance reservations accepted by the cluster should fall below a threshold in order to maintain the cluster performance and even so, the scheduling algorithm must be updated accordingly.
Thrombin Inhibition During Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Reduces Chronic Graft Inflammation and Tubular Atrophy (2010)

Inhibition of thrombin during preservation of DCD graft preserved renal integrity and function, protecting against chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, coagulation seems to be a critical target for the development of therapeutic strategies to improve kidney quality for transplantation.
CARPE DIEM: a multimedia file browser editor for files stored on LANs (2002)

This paper describes the query architecture and implementation of a multimedia clipart library which is based on an existing distributed file system. We describe the design and implementation of a multimedia browser editor based on OLE and ODBC technology which adds the necessary query and browse functionally which is typically lacking in a file system.
Membrane lipid perturbation modifies the set point of the temperature of heat shock response in yeast. (1996)

Addition of a saturated fatty acid (SFA) induced a strong increase in heat shock (HS) mRNA transcription when cells were heat-shocked at 37 degrees C, whereas treatment with an unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) reduced or eliminated the level of HS gene transcription at 37 degrees C. Transcription of the delta 9-desaturase gene (Ole1) of Histoplasma capsulatum, whose gene product is responsible for the synthesis of UFA, is up-regulated in a temperature-sensitive strain. We show that when the L8-14C mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has a disrupted Ole1 gene, is complemented with its own Ole1 coding region under control of its own promoter or Ole1 promoters of H. capsulatum, the level of HS gene transcription depends on the activity of the promoters. Fluorescence anisotropy of mitochondrial membranes of completed strains corresponded to the different activity of the Ole1 promoter used. We propose that the SFA/UFA ratio and perturbation of membrane lipoprotein complexes are involved in the perception of rapid temperature changes and under HS conditions disturbance of the preexisting membrane physical state causes transduction of a signal that induces transcription of HS genes.