gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scrapie infection alters the membrane and synaptic properties of mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones. (1997)

1. Electrophysiological recordings using conventional intracellular and extracellular techniques were made from the CA1 region of the hippocampus of ME7 scrapie-infected mice in a brain slice preparation at specific stages during the incubation period of the disease and compared with data obtained from age-matched control animals. 2. Extracellular field EPSP recordings in the stratum radiatum showed a gradual increase in the effective stimulus threshold and a reduction in amplitude of the response 5 months after inoculation with scrapie. Terminal animals showed a complete loss of the field EPSP. 3. Intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells of scrapie-infected animals after 5 months showed that the Schaffer collateral-evoked EPSP was attenuated, the effective stimulus threshold was increased and the rise time was slower in slices from scrapie-infected mice than in age-matched control mice. Inhibitory potentials evoked by the same stimulus also appeared weaker in scrapie-infected mice at this time. 4. To determine if the mechanisms of transmitter release during low-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals were altered in scrapie-infected mice, paired-pulse experiments were performed, but failed to show any differences between cells from scrapie-infected and control animals. 5. Pyramidal cells from scrapie-infected mice showed depolarized resting potentials and an increased membrane resistance compared with age-matched control cells. 6. The majority of scrapie-infected cells were spontaneously active, showing both single spike and bursting activity. The observed bursting activity was abolished and the spontaneous discharge rate of infected cells was markedly reduced by removing the CA3 area from the slice. 7. The action potential of cells from scrapie-infected mice showed a faster falling phase and larger amplitude fast and medium after-hyperpolarizations (AHPs) than age-matched control cells. In response to depolarizing current pulses cells from infected tissue showed a loss of early spike frequency adaptation. 8. Morphological observations of biocytin-labelled neurones confirmed our recordings were from pyramidal cells and showed that CA1 cells from scrapie-infected mice after 5 months showed a marked loss of dendritic spines and an abnormal dendritic morphology that included the appearance of vacuolar swellings. 9. The data show that membrane and synaptic abnormalities of the CA1 pyramidal neurones develop around 5 months after intracerebral infection of the mouse hippocampus with ME7 scrapie.
Factors in the preparation of biological indicators that affect the decimal reduction time. (1997)

The ISO 11138 series on biological indicators (BIs) lacks concrete specifications of the suspension, carrier material, and culture medium optimal for the preparation of the microorganisms. The suspension and culture medium used are thought to influence the accuracy of decimal reduction time (D) values. Their combined effects have not been elucidated, but some individual effects of particular suspensions, carrier materials, and culture media have been reported. Contrary to these reports, however, the author did not find such individual effects in a study of D values obtained using distilled water or saline as the suspension solution, paper or cotton yarn as the carrier material, and soybean casein digest (SCD) broth or agar as the culture medium. The study demonstrated that the combined effect of salt in the suspension during drying and the entrapment of microorganisms in salt crystal by pores in the cotton yarn carrier material increased microorganism resistance. D values also differed depending on the culture medium. Further investigation is needed to establish the optimal culture medium for BI microorganisms.
A Triple User Characterization Model for Video Adaptation and Quality of Experience Evaluatio (2005)

This paper proposes the triple sensation-perception-emotion user characterization model for content adaptation and discusses adaptation tools and quality of experience metrics in light of this model. In the context of this paper, the utility would be associated to the sensorial, perceptual and emotional dimensions of the quality of experience. The adequate usage by the adaptation mechanism of available user preferences data will imply higher quality perceptual and emotional experiences. The major purpose of this paper is to launch some new ideas in the field of video adaptation and quality of experience evaluation. This model is hierarchical in the sense that typically emotions build on perceptions and perceptions build on sensations, setting a hierarchy
Free-Space Integrated Optics Realized by Surface-Micromachining (1997)

A surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench (FS-MOB) technology has been proposed to monolithically integrate micro-optical elements, optomechanical structures, micropositioners, and microactuators on the same substrate. Novel three-dimensional micro-optical elements have been fabricated by surface-micromachining techniques. The optical axes of these optical elements are parallel to the substrate, which enables the entire free-space optical system to be integrated on a single substrate. Mocro-scale Fresnel lenses, refractive microlenses, mirrors, beam-splitters, gratings, and precision optical mounts have been successfully fabricated and characterized. Integration of micro-optical elements with translation or rotation stages provides on chip optical alignment or optomechanical switching. This new free-space micro-optical bench technology could significantly reduce the size, weight, an cost of most optical systems, and could have a significant impact on optical switching, optical sensing and optical data storage systems as well as packaging of optoelectronic components.
Nonreciprocal Raman scattering in silicon waveguides (2010)

Raman-induced optical nonreciprocity in silicon photonic wires is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. Depending on crystallographic orientation, the ratio of counter-and co-propagating Raman efficiencies varies between 1.63 and 4.35.
Mutagenesis of the regulatory domain of rat protein kinase C-eta. A molecular basis for restricted histone kinase activity. (1993)

Protein kinase C-theta (PKC-eta) is a member of the protein kinase C family that is characterized by Ca2+ independence and restricted histone kinase activity (Dekker, L. V., Parker, P. J., and McIntyre, P. (1992) FEBS Lett. 312, 195-199). Here we have investigated the molecular basis of this low histone kinase activity by limited proteolysis and site-directed mutagenesis. It is shown that a 46-kDa C-terminal tryptic fragment, representing the catalytic domain of PKC-eta, can phosphorylate histone. The Km value for histone of this catalytic fragment is 25-fold lower than that of intact PKC-eta. Thus, sites in the N-terminal regulatory domain upstream of the trypsin cleavage site (near residue 320) restrict histone kinase activity of intact PKC-eta. Deletion of the "Vo domain" (residues 2-137) generates a PKC-eta mutant that shows the same cofactor dependence and substrate phosphorylation as wild-type PKC-eta, indicating that the relevant sites do not appear to lie in the Vo domain but between amino acid 137 and the start of the catalytic domain. Deletion of the pseudosubstrate region (residue 155-171) generates a cofactor-independent kinase that has high histone kinase activity. A pseudosubstrate site point mutation in which the alanine residue at position 161 is replaced with a glutamic acid residue shows the same properties as the pseudosubstrate site deletion mutant. Km values for histone for both mutants are similar to that observed for the catalytic fragment. Therefore, in addition to its role in conferring cofactor dependence, the pseudosubstrate site also mediates the low histone kinase activity of wild-type PKC-eta. The data are discussed in the light of current models for PKC activation.
Controlled Release of PRP-Derived Growth Factors Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been gaining increasing popularity in orthopedics and oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its potential efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. To maximally augment bone healing using PRP and to control the bioavailability of the relevant growth factors, we have designed an alginate hydrogel-based PRP-delivery system. The bioactivity of the growth factors released from PRP carriers was evaluated by determining the ability of these factors to induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Specifically, monolayers of hMSCs were incubated with the PRP-containing hydrogel carriers over a two-week culture period. Osteoblast-like cells treated with the hydrogel carriers served as controls. The growth and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization) of hMSCs was determined. The results showed that PRP-derived growth factors released from hydrogel carriers stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and most significantly, the cellular response was carrier type-dependent. Future studies will focus on in vitro and in vivo testing of the efficacy of hydrogel-based PRP release systems.
Activation of peritoneal macrophages by mangiferin, a naturally occurring xanthone (1993)

Abstract Mangiferin, a C‐glucosylxanthone (1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyxanthone‐C 2 ‐β‐ D ‐glucoside), isolated from several plant sources, was shown to be effective in activating murine peritoneal macrophages. It acted as a strong inducing agent with a peak elicitation response at 48 h interval of treatment (10 μg mangiferin/g body weight, g b.w). The mangiferin‐elicited, as well as in vitro mangiferin‐treated, macrophages showed increased lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase activity and enhanced cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis against ascitic fibrosarcoma (AFS) cells. The augmented tumour killing activities were associated with enhanced tumour target binding by the macrophages. However, the in vivo effect of mangiferin in activating macrophages was of short duration.
Lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema. (1996)

Lung volume reduction surgery is designed to alleviate symptoms of breathlessness and improve the quality of life for selected patients with severe emphysema. By resecting hyperinflated, nonfunctional areas of the lung, thoracic volume is reduced, chest wall and diaphragmatic mechanics are improved, and ventilation to the remaining portions of lung is improved. The operative procedure is designed to obtain maximum improvement with the least possible risk. Early mortality (less than 90 days) has been 3%, all from respiratory complications. Late mortality (more than 90 days) has been an additional 2%. Refinements in operative technique, including use of continuous staple line excision buttressed by bovine pericardium, creation of apical pleural tents, and avoidance of suction the chest tubes, have led to a steady decline in hospital stay, with the current average of 11 days and a median of 7 days. Ninety-nine of the 100 patients have been extubated at the end of the procedure, thus avoiding the need for postoperative ventilatory assistance.
Surface Plasmon Resonance and Bending Loss-Based U-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber Biosensors (2018)

<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a large and diverse bacteria group that inhabits the intestinal tract of many mammals. Most <i>E. coli</i> strains are harmless, however some of them are pathogenic, meaning they can make one sick if ingested. By being in the feces of animals and humans, its presence in water and food is used as indicator of fecal contamination. The main method for this microorganism detection is the bacterial culture medium that is time-consuming and requires a laboratory with specialized personnel. Other sophisticated methods are still not fast enough because they require sending samples to a laboratory and with a high cost of analysis. In this paper, a gold-coated U-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) biosensor for <i>E. coli</i> bacteria detection is presented. The biosensor works by intensity modulation principle excited by monochromatic light where the power absorption is imposed by predominant effect of either bending loss or surface plasmon resonance (SPR), depending on the gold thickness. Bacterial selectivity is obtained by antibody immobilization on the fiber surface. The biosensor showed a detection limit of 1.5 × 10³ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, demonstrating that the technology can be a portable, fast response and low-cost alternative to conventional methodologies for quality analysis of water and food.
Distributed knowledge representation in fully connected networks (2002)

Fully-connected binary networks, in addition to implementing content addressable memories, have been shown to be capable of encoding arbitrary limit cycles using synchronous dynamics. A stochastic knowledge representation paradigm is proposed, and a way to encode this knowledge form into cycles in fully-connected networks is described. This new representation format stores information in a truly distributed manner across the network, as opposed to previous schemes which store one knowledge atom per neuron.
692. A Novel AAV Vector for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Disease (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-threatening autosomal recessive disorders affecting the Caucasian population. The malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene results in both severe chronic lung disease, which currently accounts for more than 95% of the morbidity and mortality of CF patients, and manageable pancreatic disease. Up to date CFTR gene transfer to the lung for the treatment of CF airway disease has been limited by poor vector performance combined with the significant barriers that the airway epithelium poses to effective gene transfer. Recently, our group isolated a novel AAV family (AAV9). In an attempt to evaluate its tropism and transfection efficiency we tested the AAV2 genome packaged in the AAV9 capsid (AAV2/9) and compared it to AAV2/5 in various airway model systems. A 50 ml single dose of 1 × 1011 genome copies (gc) of AAV2/9 expressing either the nuclear targeted b-galactosidase (nLacZ) gene or the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene under the transcriptional control of the chicken b-actin promoter was instilled intranasally into nude and also C57Bl/6 mice. Twenty-one days later, the lung and nose were processed for gene expression. In control animals transduced with AAV2/9-GFP no LacZ positive cells were seen. AAV2/9-nLacZ successfully transduced mainly airways, whereas AAV2/5-nLacZ transduced mainly alveoli and few airways. Across the nasal airway epithelium both AAV2/5 and AAV2/9 transduced ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells. We are currently evaluating epithelial cell specific promoters to improve targeting to the airway cells in vivo. Based on the in vivo findings we next tested the gene transfer efficiency of AAV2/9 to human airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells were isolated from human trachea and bronchi and grown at air-liquid-interface (ALI) on collagen coated membrane supports. Once the cells polarized and differentiated they were transduced with AAV2/9 or AAV2/5 expressing GFP from the apical as well as the basolateral side. Both AAV2/5 and AAV2/9 were successful at transducing epithelial cells from the basolateral surface. However, when applied onto the apical surface AAV2/9 resulted in a 10-fold increase in the number of transduced cells compared to AAV2/5. Currently, we are assessing the gene transfer performance of AAV2/9 in the lungs and nasal airways of nonhuman primates. We have demonstrated that AAV2/9 can efficiently transduce the airways of murine lung and well-differentiated human airway epithelial cells grown at ALI. These encouraging results have prompted the evaluation of AAV2/9 in nonhuman primates as well as the evaluation of AAV2/9-CFTR gene transfer to the nasal airway epithelium of cystic fibrosis knockout mice in an attempt to evaluate physiological correction of the CF defect. This novel family of AAV vectors shows great promise for the treatment of CF airway disease.
Competition of pyruvate with physiological substrates for oxidation by the heart: implications for studies with hyperpolarized [1-<sup>13</sup>C]pyruvate (2010)

Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) isotopomer analysis was used to measure the rates of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, ketones, and pyruvate to determine the minimum pyruvate concentration ([pyruvate]) needed to suppress oxidation of these alternative substrates. Substrate mixtures were chosen to represent either the fed or fasted state. At physiological [pyruvate], fatty acids and ketones supplied the overwhelming majority of acetyl-CoA. Under conditions mimicking the fed state, 3 mM pyruvate provided approximately 80% of acetyl-CoA, but under fasting conditions 6 mM pyruvate contributed only 33% of acetyl-CoA. Higher [pyruvate], 10-25 mM, was associated with transient reduced cardiac output, but overall hemodynamic performance was unchanged after equilibration. These observations suggested that 3-6 mM pyruvate in the coronary arteries would be an appropriate target for studies with hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. However, the metabolic products of 3 mM hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate could not be detected in the isolated heart during perfusion with a physiological mixture of substrates including 3% albumin. In the presence of albumin even at high concentrations of pyruvate, 20 mM, hyperpolarized H(13)CO(3)(-) could be detected only in the absence of competing substrates. Highly purified albumin (but not albumin from plasma) substantially reduced the longitudinal relaxation time of [1-(13)C]pyruvate. In conclusion, studies of cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate are sensitive to the effects of competing substrates on pyruvate oxidation.
A Surveillance Spyware Detection System Based on Data Mining Methods (2006)

The problem of spyware is incredibly serious and exceeds anyone's imagination. Combining static and dynamic analyses, we propose an integrated architecture to defend against surveillance spyware in this paper. Features extracted from both static and dynamic analyses are ranked according to their information gains. Then using top significant features we construct a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for each client. In order to keep the classifier update-to-date, there is a machine playing as server to collect reports from all clients, retrain, and redistribute the new classifier to each client. Our surveillance spyware detection system (SSDS) has an overall accuracy rate up to 97.9% for known surveillance spywares and 96.4% for unknown ones.
Computer user verification using login string keystroke dynamics (1998)

The keystroke dynamics of a computer user's login string provide a characteristic pattern that can be used for identity verification. Timing vectors for several hundred login attempts were collected for ten "valid" users and ten "forgers", and classification analysis was applied to discriminate between them. Three different classifiers were applied, and in each case the key hold times were more effective features for discrimination than the interkey times. Best performance was achieved by an inductive learning classifier using both interkey and hold times. A high rate of typographical errors during login entry is reported. In practice, these are usually corrected errors-that is, they are strings which include backspaces to correct earlier errors-but their presence confounds the use of typing-style analysis as a practical means of securing access to computer systems.
The chemical conversion of C-terminal glycines in peptides into taurine (1989)

The first chemical conversion of C-glycine in dipeptides into taurine has been achieved using a general substitution of a sulpho group for a halogeno or mesyl group via the corresponding amino acid 2-halogenoethyl-or 2-methanesulphonyloxyethyl-amides, each of which was prepared from the ethanolamide obtained by LiBH4 reduction of a protected dipeptide containing a C-glycine ester.
Noiseless Optical Amplification of Images (1999)

We used a spatially broadband optical parametric amplifier for image amplification. In the phase-sensitive configuration of the amplifier, we observed noiseless amplification of input images. For a gain of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5$, we measured noise-figure values of ( $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$) and ( $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$) dB, respectively, for two amplifiers of different lengths. These experimental values agree with theory (for an ideal noiseless amplifier the noise figure is 0 dB) and are almost 2 dB lower than the quantum limit of an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier.
Untangling the World-Wide Web (1994)

Article Free Access Share on Untangling the World-Wide Web Authors: Liam Relihan University of Limerick University of LimerickView Profile , Tony Cahill University of Limerick University of LimerickView Profile , Michael G. Hinchey University of Cambridge University of CambridgeView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGDOC '94: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Systems documentation: technical communications at the great divideOctober 1994 Pages 17–24https://doi.org/10.1145/192506.192531Online:02 October 1994Publication History 1citation508DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads508Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Article Commentary: Over‐the‐counter cough and cold medications in children: Are they helpful? (2010)

Over-the-counter cough/cold medications are commonly used in children. Recent recommendations by the Food and Drug Administration and changes to product labeling by cough/cold product manufacturers have reduced use of these products in children younger than four years of age. Data from controlled clinical trials of cough/cold product ingredients do not support their efficacy in young children. Serious adverse effects have been reported from cough/cold product use in infants and children, which largely result from inappropriate use by caregivers. Conservative therapies, including nasal suctioning, humidification, and nasal saline, should be recommended over cough/cold product use for infants and children. Otolaryngologists should educate caregivers of children on the safe and effective use of these products and therapies.