gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactor performance and stability in an alternating reaction‐reheat paraffin dehydrogenation system (1996)

Abstract The classical fixed bed C 3 –C 4 paraffin dehydrogenation process is a cyclic operation in which the reactor alternates between reaction and reheat cycles. During the reheat cycle, the necessary energy for the dehydrogenation reaction is stored in the fixed bed by passing hot air through it. In this established technology, both the hydrocarbon reactant and the reheat hot air are fed into the fixed bed from the same end (top) of the reactor. This is termed parallel flow (cocurrent) operation. An alternative feeding fixed bed has the hydrocarbon reactant and the reheat air entering from the opposite ends of the reactor. This is termed reverse flow (countercurrent) operation. This alternate creates an ideal temperature profile for an equilibrium limited endothermic reaction (rising temperature profile along the reactor). The transient flow behavior of both parallel and reverse flow reactors has been modelled and the dynamics of temperature profile development for both concepts have been analyzed. Based upon the model predictions, the characteristics as well as the reactor stability of the both concepts have been discussed.
TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF SUSPENSIONS OF CYSTEINE‐RICH PROTEIN STABILIZED MICROBUBBLES AND SUBSEQUENT TRIPHASIC A/O/W EMULSIONS (2011)

ABSTRACT When developing low‐fat foods, one of the main concerns is the sensory performance which is generally inferior to that of the full‐fat version. Micron‐sized air cells coated and stabilised by proteins (0.5–10 µ m) have been produced sonochemically using different cysteine‐rich proteins (hydrophobin, bovine serum albumin [BSA] and egg white proteins [EWPs]). These suspensions of air cells have been termed “air filled emulsions” (AFEs) and suggested for the production of low‐fat emulsion‐based products. This study explores the oral (tribological) behavior of AFEs as ingredients and within a triphasic A/O/W emulsion‐based prototype salad dressing. Tribological measurement of AFEs yielded different results for BSA‐AFE and EWP‐AFE, indicating that the very nature of the protein may play a crucial role. However, the triphasic A/O/W emulsion showed similar, if not better, lubrication properties than the standard O/W version, indicating that AFEs may contribute to the perceived fat‐related attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The tribological behavior of a material has been postulated as relevant for its in‐mouth perception, especially when considering fat‐related attributes. The present study deals with tribological study of novel air‐based ingredients. Knowing the tribological/lubrication behavior of these ingredients and their subsequent products could be useful for better understanding of their possible behavior in the mouth. Also, this could assist in redesigning ingredients and formulations with better sensory performance.
PDE's based regularization of multivalued images and applications (2002)

Nous nous intéressons aux approches par EDP pour la régularisation d'images multivaluées, et leurs applications à une large classe de problèmes d'intérêts. L'étude et la comparaison des méthodes existantes nous permet à la fois de proposer un cadre mathématique commun mieux adapté aux interprétations géométriques locales de ces EDP, mais aussi de concevoir des schémas numériques efficaces pour leur mise en oeuvre. Nous développons de cette fa\\c{c}on une nouvelle approche de régularisation multivaluée vérifiant certaines propriétés géométriques locales importantes, qui peut être utilisée dans de nombreuses applications différentes. Nous abordons ensuite le problème lié à la régularisation de données multivaluées contraintes. Un formalisme variationel est proposé afin de traiter dans un cadre unifié, des données de direction comme les champs de vecteurs unitaires, de matrices de rotation, de tenseurs de diffusion etc. Les solutions apportées sont analysées et utilisées avec succès pour résoudre de nombreux problèmes, notamment la régularisation et l'interpolation d'images couleurs, la visualisation de flots, la régularisation de mouvements rigides estimés à partir de séquences vidéos, et l'aide à la reconstruction de réseaux cohérents de fibres dans la matière blanche du cerveau, \\a partir de la régularisation d'images d'IRM de diffusion.
Ultrastructural alterations in glycosaminoglycans of dog femoral condylar cartilage after surgical division of an anterior cruciate ligament: a study with cupromeronic blue in a critical electrolyte concentration technique. (1986)

The cationic dye, cupromeronic blue, has been used in a critical electrolyte concentration technique to analyse the ultrastructural changes in cartilage matrix glycosaminoglycans which occur in the dog anterior cruciate ligament division model of osteoarthrosis. Amorphous material appearing at the articular surface of cartilage from the stifle joints of animals subjected to open surgical division of the anterior cruciate ligament has been shown not to comprise glycosaminoglycan. The nature of this material is unknown, but it appears to replace the surface lamina of normal cartilage. It may therefore affect the mechanical properties of the superficial cartilage. The pericellular matrix around single chondrocytes or separating pairs of chondrocytes becomes enriched with sulphated glycosaminoglycan as a response to ligament section. This material is thought to be newly synthesised and secreted and reflects the increased cellular activity resulting from surgically induced canine joint disease.
Highly decoupled single-crystal silicon resonators: an approach for the intrinsic quality factor (2006)

Special attention has been paid in this work to use all possible means to measure an intrinsic quality factor (Q) for silicon beam resonators realized on SOI wafers. Specifically, this work points to the energy dissipation into the support; a model is given and a high insulating system for clamped–clamped and clamped-free configurations has been studied, preserving the resonating element from support damping. Finite element analysis on these structures evidences values of Qsupport higher than 107. Out-of-plane and in-plane vibration Q values up to 1.0 × 105 have been measured under a high vacuum using, respectively, laser Doppler vibrometry and stroboscopic optical microscopy combined with image processing. The results have shown good agreement with thermoelastic theory. However, the observed agreement on the resonator dimension dependences is limited to quality factors lower than 3.0 × 104. Beyond these values, a physical limitation is evidenced in both cases (in-plane and out-of-plane) which does not match with the surface and clamping models listed. The role of the SOI wafer's oxide layer is discussed as a possible source of dissipation.
Characterization of Subsurface Parameters with Combined Fluid-pressure and Particle-velocity Measurements (2008)

The idea of combined 3C-geophones and hydrophones (4C-receivers) often used in marine Ocean-Bottom Cables, can also be used for seismic surveying on land in saturated soils. The fluid-pressure data can be used to interpret the particle-velocity data. It can, however, also be used to extract more information about the subsurface, e.g., information about 2-phase behaviour. To gain insight in the behaviour of various wave modes in the different components, the three-dimensional point-force response of a homogeneous isotropic half-space has been calculated. Because the subsurface is considered as a poroelastic medium in 4C-experiments, Biot’s theory for poroelastic media needs to be used; this explicitly accounts for 2-phase behaviour. The responses show strong dependence on porosity and permeability. It is the combination of particle velocity and fluid pressure that reveals poroelastic characteristics of the subsurface, especially for the Rayleigh wave. Its dispersive behaviour, met in 4C-experiments, is not entirely understood yet. Furthermore, it is shown that it makes sense to use Biot’s theory to model seismic responses when dealing with 4C-measurements. The slow compressional mode may even contribute significantly to the Rayleigh wave.
The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting (2016)

For half a century, the human brain was believed to contain about 100 billion neurons and one trillion glial cells, with a glia:neuron ratio of 10:1. A new counting method, the isotropic fractionator, has challenged the notion that glia outnumber neurons and revived a question that was widely thought to have been resolved. The recently validated isotropic fractionator demonstrates a glia:neuron ratio of less than 1:1 and a total number of less than 100 billion glial cells in the human brain. A survey of original evidence shows that histological data always supported a 1:1 ratio of glia to neurons in the entire human brain, and a range of 40-130 billion glial cells. We review how the claim of one trillion glial cells originated, was perpetuated, and eventually refuted. We compile how numbers of neurons and glial cells in the adult human brain were reported and we examine the reasons for an erroneous consensus about the relative abundance of glial cells in human brains that persisted for half a century. Our review includes a brief history of cell counting in human brains, types of counting methods that were and are employed, ranges of previous estimates, and the current status of knowledge about the number of cells. We also discuss implications and consequences of the new insights into true numbers of glial cells in the human brain, and the promise and potential impact of the newly validated isotropic fractionator for reliable quantification of glia and neurons in neurological and psychiatric diseases. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3865-3895, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Six Different Substrata on the Plating Efficiency, Differentiation and Survival of Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Culture (1988)

We compared six different substrata for their ability to promote attachment, neurite extension and short-term survival of dissociated human fetal dorsal root ganglion neurons. The substrata were laminin, fibronectin, polylysine, type I collagen, a combination of collagen and polylysine, and bare plastic surface. The results show laminin and fibronectin, two important constituents of the extracellular matrix of the nervous system, to be comparable in efficiency and the best substrata for the successful in vitro growth of human fetal dorsal root ganglion neurons. The present study also supports the notion that the development of the nervous system in vivo and in vitro may be critically dependent on the components of the extracellular matrix.
An in vitro system for the editing of ATP synthase subunit 9 mRNA using wheat mitochondrial extracts. (1992)

A posttranscriptional modification (C-to-U) at specific positions of plant mitochondrial mRNA leads to changes in the amino acid sequence as well as to the emergence of novel initiation or termination sites. This phenomenon, named RNA editing, has been described for several mitochondrial genes from different plant sources. We have found recently that RNA editing of the ATP synthase subunit 9 (atp9) mRNA involves eight changes including the creation of a new stop codon. In this article, we describe an in vitro system devised to follow the editing of wheat mitochondrial atp9 mRNA. Nonedited mRNA was obtained to serve as substrate for this reaction by in vitro transcription of the corresponding gene with T7 RNA polymerase. The source of conversion factor(s) was a soluble fraction obtained from purified wheat mitochondria lysed with salt and detergent. Edited RNA molecules were detected by hybridization with an end-labeled synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe complementary to a short region containing four editing events. Optimal conditions for the in vitro RNA editing reaction were determined. The reaction is sensitive to high temperature and protease digestion. Pretreatment with micrococcal nuclease decreased RNA editing activity in the mitochondrial extract, suggesting that a nucleic acid is necessary for the enzymatic reactions. Analysis of the edited mRNA showed that the in vitro reaction led to the same products as those observed in vivo.
Improving World Wide Web Latency (1995)

The HTTP protocol, as currently used in the World Wide Web, uses a separate TCP connection for each file requested. This adds significant and unnecessary overhead, especially in the number of network round trips required. We analyse the costs of this approach and propose simple modifications to HTTP that, while interoperating with unmodified implementations, avoid the unnecessary network costs. We have implemented our modifications, and our measurements show that they dramatically reduce latencies. We have also investigated the effectiveness of a scheme to mask network latency by prefetching files likely to be requested next, while the user is browsing through the currently displayed page. Our results indicate a significant benefit from prefetching at the cost of an increase in network traffic. 1 Introduction People use the World Wide Web (WWW) because it gives quick and easy access to a tremendous variety of information in remote locations. Users do not like to wait for their results...
Present Status and Future Directions of the Ear Research Institute Cochlear Implant Program (1979)

Thirty-three adult subjects have been implanted with single-electrode cochlear implants at the Ear Research Institute. This paper outlines the current status of the subjects; the rehabilitation and testing program; results found with the implant; and future directions of the implant program. Results indicate that implant subjects can score significantly above chance on a variety of discrimination tests. Implant subjects also score significantly better than hearing aid subjects on these tests. Research is continuing on engineering and signal-processing improvements for the single-elecrode implant. Multiple-electrode implants and binaural implants are being considered for future research at the Ear Research Institute.
A review of ocean wave energy conversion systems (2009)

The start of the new millennium has been co-incident with an energy crisis. With the price of energy increasing and concerns about environmental damages as a result of using fossil fuels, there is a growing attention toward utilization of renewable energy sources. In particular, ocean energy conversion has been of interest for many years. In this paper, different types of wave-energy converters are presented, and certain issues related to design, implementation and control strategies are discussed. Energy storage for ocean wave energy converters is investigated. An outline of available laboratory prototypes and commercial ocean wave energy converters are also presented.
Electron trapping effect on the switching behavior of contact RRAM devices through random telegraph noise analysis (2010)

Single electron trapping/de-trapping behavior is firstly observed and investigated in the contact resistive random access memory cell. By analyzing the random telegraph noise, the temperature-dependency of resistance levels and the high-temperature data retention behavior of the contact RRAM film are successfully explained. Detail analyses on the capture and emission of electrons in this contact RRAM cell provide further verifications for the proposed trap-induced resistive switching model.
S7A:8 Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, an interleukin 12/23 inhibitor, in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a phase 2, randomised placebo-controlled study (2018)

<h3>Purpose</h3> IL12 and IL23 pathway have been linked to SLE pathogenesis. Anti-IL12/23 monoclonal antibody ustekinumab (UST) previously approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s diseasewas evaluated in pts with active SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> A Ph2, PBO-controlled study in 102 adults with seropositive SLE by SLICC criteria with active disease despite standard-of-care therapy were randomised to UST vs PBO, added to standard care. Primary endpoint was the proportion achieving SLE response index (SRI)−4 response at wk24. Secondary endpoints included change SLEDAI-2K, Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA), and BICLA response. <h3>Results</h3> The mITT population (includes pts who received at least one dose) at wk24 revealed 60% of UST pts with SRI-4 response vs 31% in PBO (p=0.0046). Pts in UST group had greater median change from wk0 to wk24 in SLEDAI-2K and PGA vs PBO (table 1). No difference was observed in BICLA composite response at wk24, but more UST pts had no BILAG worsening vs PBO. Through wk24, 78% of UST pts and 67% of PBO pts had greater than or equal to 1 AE; 8.3%–9.5%, respectively, had greater than or equal to 1 SAE (table 1). There were no deaths in the study. Safety events were consistent with UST safety profile in other studied indications. <h3>Conclusion</h3> UST showed efficacy in treatment of active SLE vs PBO and comparable safety warranting further investigation. UST may work via a novel mechanism of action in SLE.
Enhanced visibility and performance in functional verification by reconstruction (1998)

Cycle simulators, in-circuit emulators, and hardware accelerators have made it possible to rapidly model the functionality of large digital designs. But these techniques provide limited visibility of internal design nodes, making debugging hard. Simulators run slowly when all nodes are traced. Emulators provide full visibility only with limited depth, or with greatly reduced speed. This paper discusses software techniques for increasing design visibility while reducing tracing overhead in simulation, and achieving 100% visibility in emulation without reducing speed or compromising depth.
Immunoglobulin Structure and Function as Revealed by Electron Microscopy (1999)

Electron-microscopic (EM) analysis preceded crystallographic analysis [1,2] of Igs by over a decade and was for a time the only direct way of analyzing their 3-D molecular structure. Once the X-ray structures were deduced, the role of EM gradually shifted from gross structural analysis to the addressing of more sophisticated structural and functional questions. EM remains a vital adjunct to the many physicochemical, biochemical, and serological tools brought to bear on these remarkable molecules as we try to relate form to function. In this review I will highlight some of the many contributions that have been made possible by virtue of being able to 'see' Ig molecules and immune complexes.
2-Thio-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy- 2H-benzo[<i>a</i>]quinolizines (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Thio-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy- 2H-benzo[a]quinolizinesM. R. Harnden and J. H. ShortCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 6, 1195Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00318a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00318a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical identity role based proxy re-encryption scheme for cloud computing (2013)

Cloud computing offers customers resources for storing and computing when on-demand in pay-as-you-use manner. During storage, data owner need not want to maintain the local copy of the data. Instead, the “cloud” will maintain the data. In this scenario, it may be like data owner has less control on his data. In order to bring more control to data owner proper access control policies should be devised. Access control is a mechanism that provides prevention of unauthorized use of a resource. The policies will decide who can view the data and what action he is allowed to perform on the data. To overcome this, a hierarchical identity role based proxy re-encryption scheme has been adopted which allows a user to encrypt his data under his identity based on his role in his hierarchy to protect his data from leaking and, to delegate his data management capability to the cloud. This paper focuses on integration of hierarchical role identity with proxy re-encryption scheme to enhance the access control.
MULTISCALE GENERATION OF TURBULENCE (2009)

This paper presents a brief but general introduction to the physics and engineering of fractals, followed by a brief introduction to fluid turbulence generated by multiscale flow actuation. Numerical computations of such turbulent flows are now beginning to be possible because of the immersed boundary method (IBM) and terascale parallel high performance computing capabilities. The first-ever direct numerical simulation (DNS) results of turbulence generated by fractal grids are detailed and compared with recent wind tunnel measurements.
Carbonic anhydrase I is an early specific marker of normal human erythroid differentiation (1985)

The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a marker of erythroid differentiation was investigated by immunologic and enzymatic procedures. A polyclonal anti-CA antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with purified CA I isozyme. This antibody is reactive with CA I but not with CA II. Within blood cells, CA I was only present in erythrocytes, whereas CA II was also detected in platelet lysates by enzymatic assay. Concerning marrow cells, identifiable erythroblasts and some blast cells expressed CA I. Most of the glycophorin A-positive marrow cells were clearly labeled by the anti-CA I antibody. However, rare CA I-positive cells were not reactive with anti-glycophorin A antibodies. We therefore investigated whether these cells were erythroid precursors or progenitors. In cell sorting experiments of marrow cells with the FA6 152 monoclonal antibody, which among hematopoietic progenitors is reactive only with CFU-E and a part of BFU-E, was performed, CA I+ cells were found mainly in the positive fraction. The percentage of CA I+ cells nonreactive with anti-glycophorin A antibodies contained in the two fractions was in the same range as the percentage of erythroid progenitors identified by their capacity to form colonies. In addition, the anti-CA I antibody labeled blood BFU-E-derived colonies as early as day 6 of culture, whereas in similar experiments with the anti-glycophorin A antibodies, they were stained three or four days later. No labeling was observed in CFU-GM- or CFU-MK-derived colonies. The phenotype of the day 6 cells expressing CA I was similar to that of erythroid progenitors (CFU-E or BFU-E): negative for glycophorin A and hemoglobin, and positive for HLA-DR antigen, the antigen identified by FA6 152, and blood group A antigen. Among the cell lines tested, only HEL cells expressed CA I, while K562 was unlabeled by the anti-CA I antibody. In contrast, HEL and K562 cells expressed CA II as detected by a biochemical technique. Synthesis of CA I, as with other erythroid markers such as glycophorin A and hemoglobin, was almost abolished after 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate treatment of HEL cells. In conclusion, CA I appears to be an early specific marker of the erythroid differentiation, expressed by a cell with a similar phenotype as an erythroid progenitor.