gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Compound Compositions of Sulpho-aluminous Cement (1961)

Sulpho-aluminous cement, explained by H. Lafuma, is produced by burning the mixtures of gypsum, bauxite and lime. It is used as expansive agent for making expansive cement. For the constituents of Sulpho-aluminous cement (or clinker) Lafuma described that the free CaSO4, γ C2S are found but the presence of calcium sulpho-alminate is not confirmed. In the studies of calcium sulpho-aluminate admixtures for expansive cement Klein indicated the presence of ternary compound, calcium sulpho-aluminate, in sulpho-aluminous clinkers, though this compound was not identified.In this paper the compound compositions of the following specimens were determined. Phases were identified by X-ray diffraction. Specimens were (1) ordinary sulpho-aluminous clinker obtained from mixture of gypsum, bauxite and lime, (2) special samples prepared by burning the mixtures of commercial alumina cement and gypsum, (3) clinkers prepared by varying molar ratio Al2O3/SO3 of above clinkers.The data indicated that the ternary compound, 3CaO⋅3Al2O3⋅CaSO4 was a most abundant constituent of the clinkers. For the other constituents free CaSO4 was found distinctly but C2S rather uncertainly. The calculation of compound compositions of the sulpho-aluminous cements was also tried.
A Novel Tandem Cyclization of 2,7- or 2,8-Bis-Unsaturated Esters Mediated by (η<sup>2</sup>-Propene)TiX<sub>2</sub> (X = Cl or O-<i>i</i>-Pr). A Facile Construction of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, -[4.3.0]nonane, and -[3.1.0]hexane Skeletons (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Tandem Cyclization of 2,7- or 2,8-Bis-Unsaturated Esters Mediated by (η2-Propene)TiX2 (X = Cl or O-i-Pr). A Facile Construction of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, -[4.3.0]nonane, and -[3.1.0]hexane SkeletonsKen Suzuki, Hirokazu Urabe, and Fumie SatoView Author Information Department of Biomolecular Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 36, 8729–8730Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1996Publication History Received10 June 1996Published online11 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961928nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961928nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views677Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Cyclization,Electrophiles,Ketones,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Nicotinic receptor blockade therapy and smoking cessation (1991)

Smoking is a behaviour with a significant conditioned component. Attempts to quit will likely fail unless the effects of primary and secondary reinforcers are extinguished. Current smoking cessation methods scarcely address this issue, which may explain why they meet with little success in the long term. In contrast, the administration of centrally-active nicotinic receptor antagonists should provide a means of extinguishing both primary and secondary reinforcers associated with smoking. Thus, nicotine blockade therapy presents a promising new approach to smoking cessation.
Chemokine degradation by the Group A streptococcal serine proteinase ScpC can be reconstituted <i>in vitro</i> and requires two separate domains (2009)

Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most common human pathogens and possesses diverse mechanisms to evade the human immune defence. One example of its immune evasion is the degradation of the chemokine IL (interleukin)-8 by ScpC, a serine proteinase that prevents the recruitment of neutrophils to an infection site. By applying the ANTIGENome technology and using human serum antibodies, we identified Spy0416, annotated as ScpC, as a prominent antigen that induces protective immune responses in animals. We demonstrate here for the first time that the recombinant form of Spy0416 is capable of IL-8 degradation in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mutations in the conserved amino acid residues of the catalytic triad of Spy0416 completely abolished in vitro activity. However, the isolated predicted proteinase domain does not exhibit IL-8-degrading activity, but is dependent on the presence of the C-terminal region of Spy0416. Binding to IL-8 is mainly mediated by the catalytic domain. However, the C-terminal region modulates substrate binding, indicating that the proteolytic activity is amenable to regulation via the non-catalytic regions. The specificity for human substrates is not restricted to IL-8, since we also detected in vitro protease activity for another CXC chemokine GRO-alpha (growth-related oncogene alpha), but not for NAP-2 (neutrophil-activating protein 2), SDF (stromal-cell-derived factor)-1alpha, PF-4 (platelet factor 4), I-TAC (interferon-gamma-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant), IP-10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1). The degradation of two human CXC chemokines in vitro, the high sequence conservation, the immunogenicity of the protein in humans and the shown protection in animal studies suggest that Spy0416 is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of infections by S. pyogenes.
Reconstruction of the orientation distribution function in single‐ and multiple‐shell q‐ball imaging within constant solid angle (2010)

q-Ball imaging is a high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging technique that has been proven very successful in resolving multiple intravoxel fiber orientations in MR images. The standard computation of the orientation distribution function (the probability of diffusion in a given direction) from q-ball data uses linear radial projection, neglecting the change in the volume element along each direction. This results in spherical distributions that are different from the true orientation distribution functions. For instance, they are neither normalized nor as sharp as expected and generally require postprocessing, such as artificial sharpening. In this paper, a new technique is proposed that, by considering the solid angle factor, uses the mathematically correct definition of the orientation distribution function and results in a dimensionless and normalized orientation distribution function expression. Our model is flexible enough so that orientation distribution functions can be estimated either from single q-shell datasets or by exploiting the greater information available from multiple q-shell acquisitions. We show that the latter can be achieved by using a more accurate multiexponential model for the diffusion signal. The improved performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on artificial examples and high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging data acquired on a 7-T magnet.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF N‐(4′‐HYDROXY‐3′‐METHOXYBENZYL)‐8‐METHYLNON‐6(E)‐ENAMIDE (CAPSAICIN) (1980)

Abstract Grignard‐Reaktion von Isobutyraldehyd (I) mit Vinylmagnesiumbromid liefert den Alkohol (II), der zum Vinylether (III) umgesetzt wird.
Strategies to Ensure Electromigration Reliability of Cu/Low-k Interconnects at 10 nm (2014)

A key element for future silicon IC technology development is the containment of electromigration – induced failure of Cu / low-k interconnects. Continued progress in meeting electromigration reliability requirements for future technology nodes will require a multi-faceted approach to the problem: first the development of effective process solutions to limit the impact of technology scaling on electromigration life-time reduction; and second, the provision of models of failure that are representative of circuit operation to determine realistic current-limiting design rules. We will show that process solutions involve limiting the rate of transport along interfaces and grain boundaries in the damascene trench architecture using metal capping layers and Cu alloys. Most models of electromigration failure have been developed using DC stress conditions, while circuits predominantly operate with non-DC (pulsed DC or AC) signals. Understanding the relationship between failure under DC and non-DC conditions is a necessary aspect of realistic reliability characterization. In this paper we review: our recent studies that establish the relationship between Cu microstructure, metallic capping and dilute Cu alloy additions and thereby identify effective scenarios for mitigation with technology scaling; and experimental studies of electromigration failure under non-DC stress that explore the physical mechanisms involved.
Hormonal regulation and the effects of glucose on tyrosine aminotransferase activity in adult rat hepatocytes cultured on floating collagen membranes. (1978)

Adult rat parenchymal hepatocytes can be maintained in primary culture on floating collagen membranes of prolonged periods of time. In this system the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase is induced by glucagon, (10(-6) to 10(-8) M) hydrocortisone (10(-5) to 10(-8) M), and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) (10(-4) to 10(-5) M). Epinephrine (10(-4) M) induces the enzyme only in the presence of hydrocortisone. Addition of actinomycin D inhibited the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by hydrocortisone and cAMP. Maintenance of the cultured hepatocytes in the presence of glucose (3g/liter) results in partial suppression of the inducing effects of glucagon and cAMP. Cyclic quanosine 3':5'-monophosphate does not mimic the effects of glucose. These results demonstrate that the phenomenon of glucose repression of enzyme induction, demonstrated in vivo in mammalian liver, is independent of changes in levels of serum hormones, which occur in vivo as a result of glucose administration. This study also demonstrates that glucose repression is not mediated by changes in intracellular levels of cAMP and cyclic quanosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
PI Front Steering and PI Rear Steering Control with Tire Workload Analysis (2007)

The main contribution of this paper it to show that a proportional-integral active front steering control and a proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can set arbitrary steady state values for lateral speed and yaw rate at any longitudinal speed. The proposed control system can: (i) assign real stable eigenvalues, without lateral speed measurements, for any value of longitudinal speed; (ii) set steady state responses to driver constant inputs to zero lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed without additional steady state tire workload if the yaw rate reference for the controlled vehicle is equal to the uncontrolled one. The controlled system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced. Several simulations are carried out on a standard small SUV CarSim <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> car model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics such as pitch, roll and nonlinear combined lateral and longitudinal tire forces according to combined slip theory.
Spherical harmonics vs. Haar wavelets: basis for recovering illumination from cast shadows (2004)

The problem of estimating an illumination distribution from images is called inverse lighting. For inverse lighting, three approaches have been developed based on specular reflection components, diffuse reflection components, and cast shadows. The present study provides theoretical insights as to why the approach based on cast shadows works in a reliable manner, and discusses what kind of basis functions are appropriate to be used for recovering illumination from cast shadows. First, we formalize the approach based on cast shadows by using spherical harmonics. Then, we analyze the approach in the frequency domain and show the advantages and the limitations of the approach. Second, motivated by the observations in the frequency domain, we propose an efficient method using Haar wavelets that provide compact supports and sparsity of coefficients. Finally, we report the results of experiments that compared the method using spherical harmonics and the method using Haar wavelets.
The Roles of Models in Psychiatry (1975)

The most important role of theoretical models available in psychiatry and psychology is to enable the therapist to “understand” the patient and take therapeutic action on the basis of this understanding. These models determine the nature of the interview, collection of data, conceptualisation of the data and therapeutic strategies to achieve specific goals. The types of knowledge provided by these models can be categorised along a continuum ranging from very subjective to that fulfilling scientific requirements.
Treatment of acute atopic eczema by chiropractic care. A case study. (1999)

It appears that chiropractic care may have assisted this patient with eczema. However, more research is required to investigate the role that chiropractic has in the treatment of patients with eczema, and the potential mechanisms that could explain the improvement.
Use of<i>N</i>-σ-dansyl-L-lysine and flow cytometry to identify heat-killed mammalian cells (1985)

We have employed the nontoxic fluorescent membrane probe, N-sigma-dansyl-L-lysine (DL) to study the effect of mild (45.5 degrees C) heat shock on a variety of mammalian cell lines. It has been previously proposed by Humphries and Lovejoy (1983) that DL selectively partitions into (and diffuses through) membranes whose component molecules have undergone lateral phase separation resulting in the formation of phospholipid domains. Excellent flow cytometric resolution of the DL staining cells from several cell lines was obtained by using bivariate (forward angle light scatter versus DL-fluorescence) analysis. Dye uptake and release data as well as measurement of the octanol: water partition coefficient (7.2) all indicated that the stain was likely associated with the plasma membrane. After heating, all cell lines exhibited a time-dependent increase in the fraction of cells stained by DL. Nearly all of the DL-staining cells were propidium iodide and trypan blue excluding. Exclusion of erythrosin B or inclusion of fluorescein showed a better correlation with colony formation, although neither was found to be as effective as DL in estimating cell killing. A comparison of cell survival curves as measured either by colony formation or by the fraction of cells not stained by DL 24 h after heating indicated a good, though not absolute correlation. These results indicate first that DL may have general usefulness as a stain indicating cell death following heat shock, and second, that DL may have utility as a probe of specific membrane damage induced by heat. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that membrane lateral phospholipid domain partitioning is associated with hyperthermia-induced cell death in mammalian cells.
Complete ulnas and fibulas in a pony foal (1985)

Complete ulnas and fibulas were found in a 10-month-old Welsh Pony examined because of severe flexural deformity, with carpal and tarsal valgus deformities, in all limbs. Presence of these normally vestigial structures is considered a form of atavism. At one week of age, periosteal transection was performed for the angular deformity, resulting in no improvement. When performing this procedure, the authors recommend transection of these vestigial structures if present.
Position stabilization of EELS spectra (1985)

Abstract The position of the zero‐loss peak in electron energy‐loss spectra was sensed with a double photo diode. A signal, proportional to the disturbances from a central position, was amplified and fed back into a deflection coil in order to compensate for the origin of the disturbances. Thus, slow variations of the position of characteristic edges in the EEL spectrum could be reduced by a factor 100, and 60 Hz oscillations could be reduced by a factor 5.
High-Performance a-IGZO Thin-Film Transistor Using $ \hbox{Ta}_{2}\hbox{O}_{5}$ Gate Dielectric (2010)

In this letter, we report the fabrication of an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor with a high-k dielectric layer on a glass substrate. The room-temperature-deposited a-IGZO channel with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> exhibits the following operating characteristics: a threshold voltage of 0.25 V, a drain-source current on/off ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> , a subthreshold gate voltage swing of 0.61 V/decade, and a high field-effect mobility of 61.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s; these characteristics make it suitable for use as a switching transistor and in low-power applications.
Medial Pedicle/Vertical Breast Reduction Made Easy (2004)

Over the past several years, I noted an increased demand for shorter-scar breast reductions. I started to perform the vertical scar/medial pedicle breast reduction in January of 2001. Since that time, 120 procedures were performed, and these cases are the basis for this study. Over the time period of this study, there was a learning curve. I first started performing the procedure only on smaller reductions (<600 g each side) and now perform the short scar reduction for most patients having <1000 g removed from each side. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the technical points required to make the transition to short-scar breast reduction easy and reliable.
The O <sub>2</sub> -assisted Al/CO <sub>2</sub> electrochemical cell: A system for CO <sub>2</sub> capture/conversion and electric power generation (2016)

Economical and efficient carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies are a requirement for successful implementation of global action plans to reduce carbon emissions and to mitigate climate change. These technologies are also essential for longer-term use of fossil fuels while reducing the associated carbon footprint. We demonstrate an O2-assisted Al/CO2 electrochemical cell as a new approach to sequester CO2 emissions and, at the same time, to generate substantial amounts of electrical energy. We report on the fundamental principles that guide operations of these cells using multiple intrusive electrochemical and physical analytical methods, including chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and coupled thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On this basis, we demonstrate that an electrochemical cell that uses metallic aluminum as anode and a carbon dioxide/oxygen gas mixture as the active material in the cathode provides a path toward electrochemical generation of a valuable (C2) species and electrical energy. Specifically, we show that the cell first reduces O2 at the cathode to form superoxide intermediates. Chemical reaction of the superoxide with CO2 sequesters the CO2 in the form of aluminum oxalate, Al2(C2O4)3, as the dominant product. On the basis of an analysis of the overall CO2 footprint, which considers emissions associated with the production of the aluminum anode and the CO2 captured/abated by the Al/CO2-O2 electrochemical cell, we conclude that the proposed process offers an important strategy for net reduction of CO2 emissions.
9.6 A 5.3GHz 16b 1.75GS/S wideband RF Mixing-DAC achieving IMD&#x003C;-82dBc up to 1.9GHz (2015)

Cellular multicarrier transmitters for communication infrastructure require both high linearity and large bandwidth (BW) at GHz frequencies. The combination of multicarrier GSM, WCDMA and LTE typically requires IMD<;-80dBc and SFDR>80dBc in a large transmit bandwidth of 300MHz and at an output frequency of up to 3.5GHz and beyond. Current-Steering (CS) Nyquist DACs have large BW, but their linearity drops for increasing output frequencies [1]. A separate mixer is therefore needed to generate an RF signal with high linearity. A Mixing-DAC integrates the function of the mixer and DAC together. Using a Mixing-DAC can result in different architecture trade-offs which potentially enable a reduction of the cost and power consumption, while improving the linearity at high frequencies. The state-of-the-art Mixing-DACs attain linearity by means of A2 modulation [2,3] or low sample rate [4], but this results in a limited BW and does not result in a linearity better than IMD=-71dBc. Even a GaAs implementation [5] only achieves IMD=-70dBc while consuming 1.2W.
An outbreak of infection with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in a general hospital (1960)

An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection in a large general hospital is described. The outbreak was spread over some 20 weeks and gave rise to 102 cases of enteritis and there were at least 150 symptomless excreters of the organism. Evidence is presented to support the view that the method of spread was by cross-infection, not by contamination of food in bulk. Control measures, which ultimately brought the outbreak to an end, were instituted on this basis. We wish to thank Dr A. J. H. Tomlinson and his staff at the Public Health Laboratory, County HallS.E. 1 for the generous assistance they gave us in examining all the specimens from the hospital staff during the outbreak. The resources of the Department of Bacteriology of the Postgraduate Medical School were at that time largely devoted to teaching and adequate investigations could not have been made without this help. Dr Tomlinson also gave us much advice both during and after the outbreak for which we are most grateful. Dr E. S. Anderson, Director of the Central Enteric Reference Laboratory and Bureau, Colindale, London, N.W. 9, very kindly undertook the phage-typing of many of the strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated and we wish to express our thanks to him for this and other help he gave us in the investigation of the outbreak. Our thanks are also due to Dr Joan Taylor, Director of the Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Colindale, for her help and interest. Discussions with Dr R. M. Fry and Dr Joan Boissard in Cambridge in connexion with their investigations of a similar outbreak were most interesting and valuable and it gives us pleasure to thank them. We also acknowledge gratefully the help and co-operation of our colleagues at Hammersmith Hospital, especially Dr C. E. Roberts, the Medical Superintendent, and of those at the Postgraduate Medical School.