gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porduction and Enzymatic Characteristics of a-Galactosidase from Aspergillus niger (1988)

-Galactosidase from Aspergillus niger as a possible enzyme for removal of flatulence factors in soybean foods was produced the highest in 120 hours in either Czapeck-Dox liquid medium or wheat bran solid medium. The most efficient carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapeck-Dox medium were raffinose and sodium nitrate, respectively, whereas the addition of the sources showed negative effects in wheat bran. pH optima for enzyme activity and stability were 4.0-5.0 and 3.5-6.5, respectively, and optimum temperature for stability was . Upon reaction on p-nitrophenyl--D-galactoside, Michaelis constant was 0.42 mM and maximum velocity was 152 substrate/minute/kg solid medium. Mercuric chloride acted as a strong noncompetitive inhibitor and p-chloromercuribenzoate, even in low concentration, acted as a competitive inhibitor. Crude -galactosidase hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose completely, giving spots of monosaccharides only on thin-layer chromatogram.
Microbial Resolution of Some Racemic Monocyclic Alcohols (1975)

Journal Article Microbial Resolution of Some Racemic Monocyclic Alcohols Get access Takayuki Oritani, Takayuki Oritani Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyohei Yamashita Kyohei Yamashita Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 1, 1 January 1975, Pages 89–96, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861551 Published: 01 January 1975 Article history Received: 24 June 1974 Published: 01 January 1975
Lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by Rhizopus oryzae IFO 5740 (2014)

Thirty-eight strains of the fungus Rhizopus oryzae were grown on potato pulp, an agricultural by-product of the starch industry. Either lactic acid or fumaric acid and ethanol were formed, and the ratio differed among the strains tested. The highest amount of L(+)-lactic acid (11.2 mg/g fresh matter) was observed in the pulp fermented for six days by R. oryzae IFO 5740. The IFO 5740 strain rapidly reduced the hardness and pH of potato pulp within one day followed by the gradual synthesis of lactic acid. A composition analysis showed that the enzymes secreted from the fungal cells hydrolyzed starch efficiently with partial degradation of the cell wall. R. oryzae IFO 5740 may be used as an inoculant for ensiling potato pulp and other agricultural by-products containing starch. Key words: Lactic acid, fermentation, potato pulp, fungus, Rhizopus oryzae.
Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides potentiate activation of NADPH oxidase and degranulation by chemotactic peptides and induce aggregation of human neutrophils via G proteins (1989)

Whereas the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), induced NADPH-oxidase-catalyzed superoxide (O2-) formation in human neutrophils, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides per se did not stimulate NADPH oxidase but enhanced O2- formation induced by submaximally and maximally stimulatory concentrations of fMet-Leu-Phe up to fivefold. On the other hand, FMet-Leu-Phe primed neutrophils to generate O2- upon exposure to nucleotides. At a concentration of 100 microM, purine nucleotides enhanced O2- formation in the effectiveness order adenosine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (ATP[gamma S]) greater than ITP greater than guanosine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gamma S]) greater than ATP = adenosine 5'-O-[2-thio]triphosphate (Sp-diastereomer) = GTP = guanosine 5'-O-[2-thio]diphosphate (GDP[beta S] = ADP greater than adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate = adenosine 5'-O-[2-thio]triphosphate] (Rp-diastereomer). Pyrimidine nucleotides stimulated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced O2- formation in the effectiveness order uridine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (UTP[gamma S]) = UTP greater than CTP. Uracil (UDP[beta S]) = uridine 5'-O[2-thio]triphosphate (Rp-diastereomer) (Rp)-UTP[beta S]) = UTP greater than CTP. Uracil nucleotides were similarly effective potentiators of O2- formation as the corresponding adenine nucleotides. GDP[beta S] and UDP[beta S] synergistically enhanced the stimulatory effects of ATP[gamma S], GTP[gamma S] and UTP[gamma S]. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides did not induce degranulation in neutrophils but potentiated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced release of beta-glucuronidase with similar nucleotide specificities as for O2- formation. In contrast, nucleotides per se induced aggregation of neutrophils. Treatment with pertussis toxin prevented aggregation induced by both nucleotides and fMet-Leu-Phe. Our results suggest that purine and pyrimidine nucleotides act via nucleotide receptors, the nucleotide specificity of which is different from nucleotide receptors in other cell types. Neutrophil nucleotide receptors are coupled to guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins. As nucleotides are released from cells under physiological and pathological conditions, they may play roles as intercellular signal molecules in neutrophil activation.
Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Bridges Epigenetic Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Macrophages to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2018)

Our data delineate an MKL1-MOF-NOX axis in macrophages that contributes to IR injury, and as such we have provided novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Encapsulation of proteins and cells in silica nanoporous materials (2011)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. November 2011. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: Alptekin Aksan. 1 computer file (PDF); xi, 205 pages, appendices A-F.
Identification of Benzalkonium Chloride in Commercial Grapefruit Seed Extracts (2005)

Commercial grapefruit seed extracts (GSE) were extracted with chloroform. The solvent was evaporated, and the resulting solid was subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), and elemental analysis (by proton-induced X-ray emission analysis). Three major constituents were observed by HPLC and were identified as benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride. This mixture of homologues is commonly known as benzalkonium chloride, a widely used synthetic antimicrobial ingredient used in cleaning and disinfection agents. Keywords: Benzalkonium chloride; grapefruit seed extract; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis; antimicrobial activity
Anti-Amyloid Treatments in Alzheimers Disease (2009)

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most challenging threats to the healthcare system in society. One of the main characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is formation of amyloid plaques from accumulation of amyloid beta peptide. The therapeutic agents that are currently available for AD including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist are focused on improving the symptoms and do not revert the progression of the disease. This limitation coupled with the burgeoning increase in the prevalence of AD and resultant impact on healthcare economics calls for more substantial treatments for AD. According to the leading amyloid hypothesis, cleavage of amyloid precursor protein to release amyloid beta peptide is the critical event in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Recently treatment strategies have been focused on modifying the formation, clearance and accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta peptide. This article reviews different therapeutic approaches that have been investigated to target amyloid beta ranging from secretase modulators, antiaggregation agents to amyloid immunotherapy. Authors review the different novel drugs which are in clinical trials.
Carbonyl compounds and the non‐enzymic browning of lemon juice (1965)

Abstract During the non‐enzymic browning of lemon juice the build‐up of carbonyl compounds is believed to be associated with the breakdown of ascorbic acid. This has been studied by separation of their 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives on thin‐layer chromatograms, and by spectroscopic examinations. The results have been compared with those from model systems. Twelve carbonyls were found in browned samples, half of these have been tentatively identified and the remainder have been classified as aldehydes or ketones. Work with model systems confirmed that the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls are potent browning agents and also that dicarbonyls of the glyoxal type make a contribution to browning in the early stages. The rǒle of sugars in these systems has been considered.
Calculation of total retinal area. (1971)

The general topography and the linear measurements of the eye have long been accurately documented, but when, for a recent paper (Taylor, I 970), it was desirable to know the total retinal area, no reference for this was found. A calculation of total retinal area was there- fore attempted, using mean linear and radial measurements for the emmetropic eye
A sustainable molding process for new rubber products from tire recycling (2018)

A new technology has been developed to produce large-size rubber products by molding ground tire rubber (GTR) without using any binder or other substance. GTR is compression molded at high pressure and temperature to achieve an optimal particle adhesion. Large-size tiles (1 m 2 ) with thickness up to 50 mm have been molded without cracks or other damages. In this study, for the first time, energy consumption has been precisely estimated in different phases of the process cycle and discussed together with mechanical performances of molded products. Mechanical tests show that tiles have similar or higher performances than tiles produced by means of conventional processes (i.e. using polyurethane binders). Moreover, the new technology is able to save up to 50% of production costs related to electric energy and raw materials. Further developments are necessary to improve productivity by adding automation and reducing hand working.
Bax-Dependent Caspase-3 Activation Is a Key Determinant in p53-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons (1999)

p53 is a pivotal molecule regulating the death of neurons both after acute injury and during development. The molecular mechanisms by which p53 induces apoptosis in neuronal cells, however, are not well understood. We have shown previously that adenovirus-mediated p53 gene delivery to neurons was sufficient to induce apoptosis. In the present study we have examined the molecular mechanism by which p53 evokes neuronal cell death. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of p53 to cerebellar granule neurons resulted in caspase-3 (CPP32) activation followed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and loss of viability as determined by an MTT survival assay. To determine whether Bax is essential for caspase-3 activation, p53 was expressed in Bax-deficient cells. Bax null neurons did not exhibit caspase-3 activation in response to p53 and were protected from apoptosis. To determine whether Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation was required in p53-mediated neuronal cell death, caspase-3-deficient neurons were examined. Our results indicate that caspase-3-deficient neurons exhibit a remarkable delay in apoptosis and a dramatic decrease in TUNEL-positive cells. These studies demonstrate that p53-induced cell death in postmitotic neurons involves a Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation, suggesting that these molecules are important determinants in neuronal cell death after injury.
Attenuation of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus strain, preparation of live vaccine and vaccine reactogenicity in volunteers. (1978)

The NIB-3 strain (a recombinant of influenza A/New Jersey/76 and X-31 strains) was further attenuated by nine egg passages at 28 degrees C for the purpose of obtaining a "cold-adapted variant" suitable for preparation of live freeze-dried vaccine with 5% peptone. The vaccine with two infectivity titres, of 7 and 6 log EID50/dose respectively, administered intranasally, was studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled field trial. The reactogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated on the basis of fever reactions during the first three days after vaccination and by the detection of local virus recovery from throat swabs taken on the first four days after vaccination. The majority of vaccines had no fever. On the first day following vaccination the proportions of persons with low-grade fever (up to 37.4 degrees C) were the same in the groups given placebo and vaccine with 6 log EID50/dose respectively. In the group vaccinated with 7 log EID50/dose there were 8% more persons with low-grade fever than in the group given placebo, but this difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). On the second and the third day after vaccination there was no difference between the proportions of persons with low-grade fever in all the three groups. The highest number of virus isolations, i.e. 26%, was found in persons vaccinated with 7 log EID50/dose, 72 h after vaccination. In the placebo group the virus was not isolated from any person during the entire course of the study.
Text to phoneme alignment and mapping for speech technology: A neural networks approach (2011)

A common problem in speech technology is the alignment of representations of text and phonemes, and the learning of a mapping between them that generalizes well to unseen inputs. The state-of-the-art technology appears to be symbolic rule-based systems, which is surprising given the number of neural network systems for text to phoneme mapping that have been developed over the years. This paper explores why that may be the case, and demonstrates that it is possible for neural networks to simultaneously perform text to phoneme alignment and mapping with performance levels at least comparable to the best existing systems.
Morphological and molecular analysis of a double‐flowered mutant of the dioecious plant white campion showing both meristic and homeotic effects (1999)

Many double-flowered plants, in which petals replace stamens, are highly valued by the horticultural industry. These mutants exhibit a homeotic conversion of floral organs and frequently also a meristic increase in floral organ number. By gamma irradiation we generated a novel double-flowered mutant, Sl-dfl, in a male genetic background of the dioecious plant white campion (Silene latifolia). This mutant shows a homeotic conversion of stamens to petals, together with uncontrolled growth and division of second and third whorl floral organ primordia, causing a proliferation of petal and chimeric petal-stamen organs. We characterize this mutant developmentally by scanning electron microscopy and demonstrate that the effects of the mutation commence following the formation of a correctly partitioned floral meristem with a wild-type arrangement of organ primordia. We have commenced a molecular investigation of the Sl-dfl mutant by testing the expression and genomic organization of the known white campion putative MADS-box floral homeotic genes. These studies indicate four MADS-box genes to be unlikely to be mutated in the double-flowered mutant. The possibility that a putative C-function MADS-box gene may cause the mutant phenotype has not currently been excluded, though our morphological studies suggest that a C-function mutation is not involved in this case. We conclude that a number of different classes of double-flowered mutation exist, not all of which are currently known from model plant species. This may be indicative of important developmental differences between species and may also emphasize a need for comparative studies of floral development. Dev. Genet. 25:267–279, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
COMPUTER PROGRAM MULTSIM FOR SIMULATING OUTPUT FROM VEHICLE DETECTORS ON A MULTI-LANE SIGNAL-CONTROLLED ROAD (1976)

Starting from a set of parameters describing traffic volumes and signal settings, multsim models the flow of traffic in one direction along a section of multi-lane road controlled by signals and simulates the output from loop detectors as vehicles pass over them. To calculate the progress of individual vehicles the program uses a car following model and a set of rules relating to lane changing, and on this basis updates the speed and location of each vehicle once A second. The program gives the user control of traffic patterns through three sets of signals distributed along the road and simulates the output from loop detectors.(a) /Author/
Health and Safety (1994)

Health and Safety has been the responsibility of owners and occupiers of buildings for a very long time, but now the regulations are becoming increasingly onerous with both corporate and personal penalties for breach of the regulations reaching significant proportions. It is often thought that individuals in the workplace are largely responsible for their own safety, but the defence of liability of the individual for their actions is far from conclusive; there is a responsibility on the employer to take adequate measures to prevent accidents and injury. The logic behind Health and Safety legislation is to prevent accidents and so the prime responsibility lies with those who create the risk or allow it to continue.
PANVAC™-VF: poxviral-based vaccine therapy targeting CEA and MUC1 in carcinoma (2007)

PANVAC is a cancer vaccine therapy delivered through two viral vectors--recombinant vaccinia and recombinant fowlpox--which are given sequentially. Both vectors contain transgenes for the tumor-associated antigens epithelial mucin 1 and carcinoembryonic antigen, which are altered or overexpressed in most carcinomas. The vectors also contain transgenes for three human T cell costimulatory molecules required to enhance immune response: B7.1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3. PANVAC is injected subcutaneously and processed by the body's antigen-presenting cells. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PANVAC in inducing both carcinoembryonic antigen- and mucin 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vitro and in murine models. Other strategies that enhance the immune response include the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and a prime-boost administration sequence. Clinical trials have demonstrated PANVAC's safety and its ability to induce antigen-specific T cell responses. Early clinical trials are evaluating PANVAC alone and in combination with conventional chemotherapy and/or radiation. Studies to date hold promise for the use of PANVAC as a means to stimulate the immune system against malignancies and to provide clinical benefit.
Cloning and In Vitro-Transcription of Chymosin Gene in E. coli (2010)

Chymosin, commonly known as rennin, is the main milk-coagulating enzyme available in rennet. RNA was extracted from the abomasum of a suckling calf water buffalo and was subjected to RT-PCR using degenerate primers to amplify 850bp of the chymosin gene. The sequence was aligned with 19 different mammals' chymosin genes. The sequence revealed that there is a similarity to them ranging from 64% to 98%. The purified recombinant proteins were obtained from the transformed E. coli and yeast. The clotting activity of both of the resulting proteins was examined compared to the commercial peers. It was noticed that the concentration of the purified protein ranged from 15,000 to 40,000 MCU. Therefore, the activity of the obtained proteins was the same and it was 105% when compared to the commercial peer. Having examined the cytotoxicity of the purified proteins, the results revealed no toxicity. We can conclude that the obtained recombinant protein is more active and safe even when expressed in bacteria rather than yeast.
Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer. (1975)

Most patients with epithelial cancer of the ovary are not cured by surgery, since their cancer has spread beyond the ovaries. The majority of these patients are not suitable for postoperative irradiation therapy, since the residual tumors are too large to be effectively treated with irradiation or they have metastasized to areas that cannot be effectively irradiated. Approximately 50% of the patients with advanced ovarian cancer who are treated postoperatively with melphalan will benefit from this chemotherapy. Approximately 40% of the patients who do not respond to chemotherapy with melphalan will benefit from treatment with a combination of actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide. A second-look operation after 12 or more cycles of chemotherapy is often helpful in planning future treatment of patients, and it may be curative in a few patients if all the remaining tumor can be excised.
Source Separation of Asynchronous OFDM Signals using Superimposed Training (2007)

In multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, an asynchronous interferer is defined as a signal whose cyclic prefix (CP) does not align with the desired user CP. Such ad-hoc multi-user OFDM systems are considered and an algorithm to perform blind space-time source separation is presented. In this paper we consider a scheme where a periodic sequence is added to the transmitted OFDM signal to be able to identify it. The periodic sequence has a cyclostationary property and can be used to estimate the channel and to separate the interfering users from the desired user signals.
Characteristics of liquids atomization using surface acoustic wave (2002)

A novel way to produce dry fog using a surface acoustic wave transducer has been proposed. This atomizer is suitable for miniaturization and for producing a very small amount of mist to control atmospheric conditions. The device comprises a 4/spl times/8/spl times/0.6 mm/sup 3/ LiNbO/sub 3/ piezoelectric substrate. High frequency electrical power of 48 MHz is transformed into mechanical vibration using an interdigital transducer. The high frequency mechanical vibration produces a lot of small particles of liquid. The linear mean diameter of the mist was about 5 /spl mu/m. The atomizing rate was 170 /spl mu/l/min at 2.3 W input power.
The Application of Pseudoscientific Racism (1971)

It was remarked in the general introduction that racism was all-pervasive, but led to no particular set of policy decisions or recommendations. Rather, it was a way of looking at the determinants of human action and human history. As such, it could have a powerful influence, but the direction of that influence might be strongly modified by other attitudes. The selections that follow are four illustrations of the way racist doctrines could be used in the hands of imperialist writers, and three of these four writers were men who actually helped to run empires—not merely those who urged them on from the sidelines.