gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An architecture for software integrity assurance (2002)

The work described in this paper refers to the CASS (Computer Architecture for Secure Systems) architecture previously reported by Mohay et al. (1993) which addresses the problem of software authenticity on two fronts. Three prototype implementations of that architecture have been developed, two of these at the kernel level targetting UNIX SVR4.2 and the Mach 3.0 Micro-Kernel, while the third-for reasons of generality-has involved the implementation of a specialised shell which is then portable across UNIX-style platforms in general. Before executing an applications program, these implementations verify the integrity of a program seal associated with the application. If verified, this provides assurance of program compliance with safety criteria previously checked and certified by our secure Modula-2 compiler and linker. The paper describes how our Modula-2 based development environment has been modified to provide the cryptographic seals required and exploited by the CASS kernels and the CASS Shell software to provide integrity assurance.
Life Balancing – A Better Way to Balance Large Batteries (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A new cell balancing technology was developed under a Department of Energy contract which merges the DC/DC converter function into cell balancing. Instead of conventional passive cell balancing technology which bypasses current through a resistor, or active cell balancing which moves current from one cell to another, with significant cost and additional inefficiencies, this concept takes variable amount of current from each cell or small group of cells and converts it to current for the low voltage system.</div></div>
Relationships Between Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: Study in Conscious Rats (1998)

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are risk markers in cardiac disease. HRV is also an index of the sympathovagal modulation of heart rate. Their relations have been rarely analyzed. We aimed to study such relations in normal adult conscious rats by using a novel bradycardic agent, a sinus node inhibitor, S-16257. Placebo-drug crossover designs were used while monitoring HR with telemetry and analyzing HRV in both time and frequency domains. S-16257 (2 mg/kg; n = 10) decreased HR by 29% and markedly increased HRV in parallel. By using various combinations of S-16257, atropine (2 mg/kg), and propranolol (4 mg/kg), a positive relation was shown between RR interval and various indexes of HRV: the slower the HR, the greater the HRV. Nevertheless, there is one exception to this correlation. When S-16257 was associated with both atropine and propranolol, the deep bradycardia was accompanied by a reduction of HRV, which indicates that the physiologic negative correlation between HR and HRV is not an intrinsic property of the pacemaker but is highly dependent on the two components of the autonomic system.
Snake acetylcholine receptor: cloning of the domain containing the four extracellular cysteines of the alpha subunit. (1989)

The acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) at the neuromuscular junction of elapid snakes binds cholinergic ligands but unlike other muscle AcChoRs does not bind alpha-bungarotoxin. Numerous studies indicate that the ligand-binding site of the AcChoR includes cysteine residues at positions 192 and 193 of the alpha subunit. We have previously shown that a synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to residues 185-196 of the Torpedo AcChoR alpha subunit contains the essential elements of the ligand-binding site. In an attempt to elucidate the structural basis for the precise binding properties of snake AcChoR, we sequenced a portion of the snake AcChoR alpha subunit. First, a mouse AcChoR alpha-subunit cDNA probe was used to screen a size-selected snake (Natrix tessellata) genomic library. A genomic clone was isolated and was found to contain sequences homologous to the exon including the first two cysteines (Cys-128 and -142) of AcChoR alpha subunit. The domain of the alpha subunit from Natrix and cobra AcChoR (amino acid residues 119-222), which contains the four extracellular cysteines (128, 142, 192, and 193), was amplified by reverse transcription of mRNA and the polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that the snake alpha subunit contains the two tandem cysteines at positions 192 and 193, resembling all other AcChoR alpha subunits. Sequence comparison revealed that the cloned region of the snake alpha subunit is highly homologous (75-80%) to other muscle AcChoRs and not to neuronal AcChoR, which also does not bind alpha-bungarotoxin. In the presumed ligand-binding site, in the vicinity of Cys-192 and Cys-193, four major substitutions occur in the snake sequence--at positions 184 (Trp----Phe), 185 (Lys----Trp), 187 (Trp----Ser), and 194 (Pro----Leu). In addition, Asn-189 is a putative N-glycosylation site, present only in the snake. These changes, or part of them, may explain the lack of alpha-bungarotoxin-binding to snake AcChoR.
Symptom Burden, Depression, and Quality of Life in Chronic and End-Stage Kidney Disease (2009)

The burden of symptoms, prevalence of depression, and low quality of life are comparable in patients with ESRD and advanced CKD. Given the widely recognized impairments in these domains in ESRD, findings of this study underscore the substantial decrements in the physical and psychologic well-being of patients with CKD.
Factors affecting the Maillard browning reaction between sugars and amino acids. Nonenzymic browning of dehydrated orange juice (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFactors affecting the Maillard browning reaction between sugars and amino acids. Nonenzymic browning of dehydrated orange juiceMelville L. Wolfrom, Naoki. Kashimura, and Derek. HortonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 5, 796–800Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60195a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60195a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2273Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bile salt‐stimulated lipase in human milk: Evidence for its synthesis in the lactating mammary gland (1987)

Human milk contains many enzymes and other biologically active proteins. One of the enzymes, the bile salt-stimulated lipase, constitutes as much as 1% of the milk proteins. Its importance for efficient utilization of milk lipids by the breast-fed infant is now well established. However, whether the lipase protein is a product of protein synthesis within the mammary gland has up till now been an unanswered question. Using biopsy material from lactating human mammary gland we have now demonstrated that the enzyme is synthesized within the gland. This was done by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labelled protein from tissue pieces. By activity determination we could also determine the amount of enzyme stored in the gland. It was concluded that bile salt-stimulated lipase accounted for 1.3 micrograms/mg tissue protein. Finally, from this figure it could be calculated that about 10-15% of the total protein present in the tissue was milk protein.
Universal polar codes (2014)

Polar codes, invented by Arikan in 2009, are known to achieve the capacity of any binary-input memoryless output-symmetric channel. Further, both the encoding and the decoding can be accomplished in O(N log(N)) real operations, where N is the blocklength. One of the few drawbacks of the original polar code construction is that it is not universal. This means that the code has to be tailored to the channel if we want to transmit close to capacity. We present two “polar-like” schemes that are capable of achieving the compound capacity of the whole class of binaryinput memoryless symmetric channels with low complexity. Roughly speaking, for the first scheme we stack up N polar blocks of length N on top of each other but shift them with respect to each other so that they form a “staircase.” Then by coding across the columns of this staircase with a standard ReedSolomon code, we can achieve the compound capacity using a standard successive decoder to process the rows (the polar codes) and in addition a standard Reed-Solomon erasure decoder to process the columns. Compared to standard polar codes this scheme has essentially the same complexity per bit but a block length which is larger by a factor O(N log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (N)/ϵ). Here N is the required blocklength for a standard polar code to achieve an acceptable block error probability for a single channel at a distance of at most c from capacity. For the second scheme we first show how to construct a true polar code which achieves the compound capacity for a finite number of channels. We achieve this by introducing special “polarization” steps which “align” the good indices for the various channels. We then show how to exploit the compactness of the space of binary-input memoryless output-symmetric channels to reduce the compound capacity problem for this class to a compound capacity problem for a finite set of channels. This scheme is similar in spirit to standard polar codes, but the price for universality is a considerably larger blocklength.
Axial Tomography and Three Dimensional Image Reconstruction (1976)

A number of existing cameras for Nuclear Medicine imaging of radio-isotope distributions give depth information about the distribution. These devices have in common that they provide tomographic images of the object, that is, that images of a given object plane have that plane in focus and all other object planes contribute an out-of-focus background superimposed on the in-focus image. We present here a method for three dimensional reconstruction of these axial tomographic images which removes the blurred off-plane activity from a number of transverse planes simultaneously. The method is applicable to a number of tomographic cameras, such as the multiple single-pinhole camera, the rotating slanted-hole collimator, the Anger focussing tomographic scanner, and the positron camera. The method can be implemented on a small computer having a disc system.
Human C3 Deficiency Associated with Impairments in Dendritic Cell Differentiation, Memory B Cells, and Regulatory T Cells (2008)

Primary C3 deficiency, a rare autosomal inherited disease (OMIM 120700), was identified in a 2-year-old male suffering from recurrent pyogenic infections from early infancy with undetectable total complement hemolytic activity (CH50) and C3 values. The nonconsanguineous parents and the two patients' two siblings had 50% normal serum C3 concentration. The molecular abnormality associated a paternal allele coding C3 with the missense mutation p.Ser(550)Pro and an apparently null maternal allele, with production of a defective protein that could no longer be secreted. Vaccination of the child did not induce a long-term Ab response. Accordingly, switched memory IgD(-)CD27(+) B cells were barely detected, amounting to only 2.3% of peripheral blood CD19(+) cells. Cells were significantly defective in stimulating alloreactive responses. The in vitro development of immature dendritic cells and their maturation capacity were greatly impaired, with decreased CD1a expression and IL-12p70 secretion ability. These cells were unable to induce autologous B cell proliferation and Ig secretion in the presence of CD40L and C3. Finally, the regulatory T cell development ability of CD4(+) T cells after CD3 and CD46 activation in the presence of IL-2 was significantly impaired. Thus, the association of important functional defects of dendritic cells, acquisition of B cell memory, and regulatory T cells with human C3 deficiency strongly supports a major role for C3 in bridging innate and adaptive immunity in humans.
Plant development and biotechnology (2005)

Introduction Dennis J. Gray and Robert N. Trigiano HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE History of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture James D. Caponetti, Dennis J. Gray, and Robert N. Trigiano SUPPORTING METHODOLOGIES Getting Started with Tissue Culture: Media Preparation, Sterile Technique, and Laboratory Equipment Caula A. Beyl Histological Techniques Robert N. Trigiano, Kathleen R. Malueg, Kimberly A. Pickens, Zong-Ming Cheng, and Effin T. Graham Photographic Methods for Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Dennis J. Gray Elements of In Vitro Research Michael E. Compton A Brief Introduction to Plant Anatomy Robert N. Trigiano and Dennis J. Gray Plant Growth Regulators in Plant Tissue Culture and Development Victor P. Gab Software and Databases as Tools for Analyzing Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequences Zhijian T. Li Molecular Approaches to the Study of Plant Development Albrecht G. von Arnim PROPAGATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS Shoot Culture Procedures Michael E. Kane Propagation from Nonmeristematic Tissues: Organogenesis Otto J. Schwarz, Anjuna R. Sharma, and Robert M. Beaty Molecular Aspects of In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis Shibo Zhang and Peggy G. Lemaux Propagation from Nonmeristematic Tissues: Nonzygotic Embryogenesis Dennis J. Gray Some Developmental and Molecular Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis (Nonzygotic Embryogenesis) Andreas Mordhorst, Erika Charbit, and Sacco C. de Vries CROP IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES Use of Protoplasts for Plant Improvement Richard E. Veilleux, Michael E. Compton, and James A. Saunders Haploid Cultures Sandra M. Reed Embryo Rescue Sandra M. Reed Genetic Engineering Technologies Zhijian T. Li and Dennis J. Gray Genetically Modified Plant Controversies: Sensational Headlines versus Pragmatic Research Harry A. Richards, Laura C. Hudson, Matthew D. Halfhill, and Charles N. Stewart, Jr. Construction and Use of a Simple Gene Gun for Particle Bombardment Dennis J. Gray, Michael E. Compton, Ernest Hiebert, Chia Min Lin, and Victor P. Gaba A Simple Illumination System for Visualizing Green Fluorescent Protein Dennis J. Gray, Subramanian Jayasankar, and Zhijian T. Li Germplasm Preservation Leigh E. Towill Valuable Secondary Products from In Vitro Culture Mary Ann Lila In Vitro Plant Pathology Subramanian Jayasankar and D. J. Gray SPECIAL TOPICS Variation in Tissue Culture Subramanian Jayasankar Commercial Laboratory Production Gayle R. L. Suttle Indexing for Plant Pathogens Alan C. Cassells and Barbara M. Doyle Entrepreneurship for Biotechnology Ventures: From Bench to Bag David W. Altman
Direct detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones in cystic fibrosis sputum (2002)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia cause destructive lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Both pathogens employ `quorum sensing', i.e. cell-to-cell communication, via diffusible N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules, to regulate the production of a number of virulence determinants in vitro. However, to date, evidence that quorum sensing systems are functional and play a role in vivo is lacking. This study presents the first direct evidence for the presence of AHLs in CF sputum. A total of 42 samples from 25 CF patients were analysed using lux-based Escherichia coli AHL biosensors. AHLs were detected in sputum from patients colonised by P. aeruginosa or B. cepacia but not Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography, we confirmed the presence of N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone respectively in sputum samples from patients colonised by P. aeruginosa.
Analysis of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor for high frequency application (2017)

This paper presents an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) structure with SiNx surface passivation layer. A T-shaped gate is formed at the top of GaN cap layer. The structure is simulated with Sapphire substrate. Output characteristics curve (Id-Ids), threshold voltage (F T ), subthreshold slope and unity current gain cut off frequency (f r ) of the device are observed. The proposed device exhibits a threshold voltage V t = −4 V, peak current is about 500 mA, subthreshold slope of 185 mV/dec and unity current gain cutoff frequency f T = 73.6 GHz. All the simulations are performed using Silvaco ATLASTM.
PrimerROC: accurate condition-independent dimer prediction using ROC analysis (2019)

To-date systematic testing and comparison of the accuracy of available primer-dimer prediction software has never been conducted, due in part to a lack of tools able to measure the efficacy of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) calculations at predicting dimer formation in PCR. To address this we have developed a novel online tool called PrimerROC ( www.primer-dimer.com/roc/ ), which uses epidemiologically-based Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to assess dimer prediction accuracy. Moreover, by integrating PrimerROC with our PrimerDimer prediction software we can determine a ΔG-based dimer-free threshold above which dimer formation is predicted unlikely to occur. Notably, PrimerROC determines this cut-off without any additional information such as salt concentration or annealing temperature, meaning that our PrimerROC method is an assay and condition independent prediction tool. To demonstrate the broad utility of PrimerROC we assessed the performance of seven publically available primer design and dimer analysis tools using a dataset of over 300 primer pairs. We found that our PrimerROC/PrimerDimer software consistently outperforms these other tools and can achieve predictive accuracies greater than 92%. To illustrate its predictive power this method was used in multiplex PCR design to successfully generate four resequencing assays containing up to 126 primers with no observable primer-primer amplification artefacts.
Src Homology 2 Domain-based High Throughput Assays for Profiling Downstream Molecules in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathways (2006)

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are evolutionary conserved small protein modules that bind specifically to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides. More than 100 SH2 domains have been identified in proteins encoded by the human genome. The binding specificity of these domains plays a critical role in signaling within the cell, mediating the relocalization and interaction of proteins in response to changes in tyrosine phosphorylation states. Here we developed an SH2 domain profiling method based on a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere assay in which various SH2 domains are used to probe the global state of tyrosine phosphorylation within a cell and to screen synthetic peptides that specifically bind to each SH2 domain. The multiplexed, fluorescent microsphere-based assay is a recently developed technology that can potentially detect a wide variety of interactions between biological molecules. We constructed 25-plex SH2 domain-GST fusion protein-conjugated fluorescent microsphere sets to investigate phosphorylation-mediated cell signaling through the specific binding of SH2 domains to activated target proteins. The response of HeLa, COS-1, A431, and 293 cells and four breast cancer cell lines to epidermal growth factor and insulin were quantitatively profiled using this novel microsphere-based, multiplexed, high throughput assay system.
Road-Departure Prevention in an Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Situation (2013)

This paper presents a driving simulator experiment, which evaluates a road-departure prevention (RDP) system in an emergency situation. Two levels of automation are evaluated: 1) haptic feedback (HF) where the RDP provides advisory steering torque such that the human and the machine carry out the maneuver cooperatively, and 2) drive by wire (DBW) where the RDP automatically corrects the front-wheels angle, overriding the steering-wheel input provided by the human. Thirty participants are instructed to avoid a pylon-confined area while keeping the vehicle on the road. The results show that HF has a significant impact on the measured steering wheel torque, but no significant effect on steering-wheel angle or vehicle path. DBW prevents road departure and tends to reduce self-reported workload, but leads to inadvertent human-initiated steering resulting in pylon collisions. It is concluded that a low level of automation, in the form of HF, does not prevent road departures in an emergency situation. A high level of automation, on the other hand, is effective in preventing road departures. However, more research may have to be done on the human response while driving with systems that alter the relationship between steering-wheel angle and front-wheels angle.
Chat More (2018)

The past decade has witnessed the boom of human-machine interactions, particularly via dialog systems. In this paper, we study the task of response generation in open-domain multi-turn dialog systems. Many research efforts have been dedicated to building intelligent dialog systems, yet few shed light on deepening or widening the chatting topics in a conversational session, which would attract users to talk more. To this end, this paper presents a novel deep scheme consisting of three channels, namely global, wide, and deep ones. The global channel encodes the complete historical information within the given context, the wide one employs an attention-based recurrent neural network model to predict the keywords that may not appear in the historical context, and the deep one trains a Multi-layer Perceptron model to select some keywords for an in-depth discussion. Thereafter, our scheme integrates the outputs of these three channels to generate desired responses. To justify our model, we conducted extensive experiments to compare our model with several state-of-the-art baselines on two datasets: one is constructed by ourselves and the other is a public benchmark dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our model yields promising performance by widening or deepening the topics of interest.
Olive Oil Phenols Modulate the Expression of Metalloproteinase 9 in THP-1 Cells by Acting on Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling (2010)

In vivo studies suggest that the phenolic component contributes to the anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic actions of olive oil; however, the effects in circulating cells are not fully characterized. Monocytes play a key role in inflammation-based diseases by expressing several molecules, including metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of olive oil phenolic extract and individual compounds on MMP-9 in THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-like cell line. Olive oil extract prevented the stimulation of MMP-9 expression and secretion in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated THP-1 cells. Oleuropein aglycone, a typical olive oil phenol, was active at concentrations found in the extract, although other compounds probably contribute to the biological activity. We also found that the effect of the extract and individual compounds on MMP-9 is due to impaired nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Our findings provide further evidence on the mechanisms by which olive oil reduces the inflammatory burden associated with disorders, such as atherosclerosis.