gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberrant control of galactosyltransferase in peripheral B lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus transformed B lymphoblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1993)

It is now well established that hypogalactosylation of IgG is a molecular marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism for the alteration of the galactosylation status has not been resolved. We compared the galactosyltransferase activities of anti-CD19 selected peripheral B lymphocytes of healthy subjects and patients with RA using ovalbumin as the acceptor substrate. In addition, certain samples of lymphocytes were assayed after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation and, also, the ability of bovine milk galactosyltransferase to galactosylate IgG in vitro was examined. Our results indicate that there is a significant difference between the galactosyltransferase activities of rheumatoid and control peripheral B lymphocytes and that EBV transformation causes a variable increase (15-1225%) in galactosyltransferase activity, over that present in the peripheral B lymphocytes from which the transformed cells were derived. Also the ubiquitous "lactose synthetase" type galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38) will galactosylate normal native IgG at concentrations of 500 mU/ml in vitro. We conclude that there is no evidence from our study for an IgG specific galactosyltransferase and that galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that is aberrantly modulated in peripheral B lymphocytes and EBV transformed B lymphoblasts derived from patients with RA.
Intelligent Control of a Morphing Aircraft (2007)

A morphing aircraft is able to drastically alter its planform to optimize performance at very dissimilar flight conditions. Despite significant strides to develop wing structure and actuation systems, much work remains to effectively control both the morphing wing as well as the entire morphing aircraft. The control solution presented in this paper uses modelbased methods that provide precise, closed-loop control of the morphing planform (i.e. wing-shape control) and simultaneously enforce prescribed closed-loop aircraft dynamics (i.e. flight control). The specific planform that is the focus of this research is the N-MAS wing designed by NextGen Aeronautics. At the wing-shape control level, the authors sought to answer two questions: (1) What is the most efficient means of actuating the underlying structure of the N-MAS wing? and (2) Given a fixed set of actuators, how does one precisely manipulate a morphing structure given inherent physical limitations? At the flight-control level, the authors sought to develop a control methodology that can: (1) accommodate different planforms that result in drastically changing plant dynamics, and (2) make the transition between any two configurations while maintaining the stability of the morphing aircraft.
The Solution of Seepage Problems (1990)

A description is given of the theoretical basis and methods used for the solution of seepage problems. These methods include the direct use of Darcy's Law, analytical solutions, Dupuit's method, and the use of flow nets. The relative usefulness of these methods is discussed and some examples of their application to practical solutions are given.
Rapid environment adaptation for speech recognition. (1995)

This paper proposes a rapid environment adaptation algorithm based on spectrum equalization (REALISE). In practical speech recognition applications, differences between training and testing environments often seriously diminish recognition accuracy. These environmental differences can be classified into two types: difference in additive noise and difference in multiplicative noise in the spectral domain. The proposed method calculates time-alignment between a testing utterance and the closest reference pattern to it, and then calculates the noise differences between the two according to the timealignment. Then, we adapt all reference patterns to the testing environment using the differences. Finally, the testing utterance is recognized using the adapted reference patterns. In a 250 Japanese word recognition task, in which the training and testing microphones were of two different types, REALISE improved recognition accuracy from 87% to 96%.
History of Medieval Philosophy. Vol. II. By Maurice de Wulf, D.Ph., LL.D., translated by Ernest C. Messenger, Ph.D. (London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1926. Pp. xi + 336. Price 12s. 6d. net.) (1927)

History of Medieval Philosophy. Vol. II. By Maurice de Wulf, D.Ph., LL.D., translated by Ernest C. Messenger, Ph.D. (London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1926. Pp. xi + 336. Price 12s. 6d. net.) - Volume 2 Issue 6
A Double-Blind Comparative Study of Three Formulations of Diazepam in Volunteers (1988)

The sedation and subsequent recovery following administration of three formulations of diazepam (propylene glycol, mixed micelle and lipid emulsion) were compared in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study of twelve male volunteers. Following intravenous injections of 10 mg of each formulation, sedation was assessed for ten minutes using a six-point ordinal sedation score and subsequent recovery was assessed using a psychomotor/sedation battery including simple reflex time, letter deletion test, a simple arithmetic exercise, digit recall and a linear analogue sedation scale. Diazepam in propylene glycol was found to be more sedating that diazepam, either in a lipid formulation or as mixed micelles and appeared faster in its rise to peak effect than the lipid formulation. Subsequent recovery did not differ between the three groups. A significant increase in the level of sedation achieved by the preparations was found with each study day indicating that subject or testing factors were also important in determining the sedative response. Our results suggest that the new solvent systems, and in particular the lipid emulsion, primarily alter initial drug efficacy.
Hypochlorite-induced structural modifications enhance the chaperone activity of human α<sub>2</sub>-macroglobulin (2014)

Hypochlorite, an oxidant generated in vivo by the innate immune system, kills invading pathogens largely by inducing the misfolding of microbial proteins. Concomitantly, the nonspecific activity of hypochlorite also damages host proteins, and the accumulation of damaged (misfolded) proteins is implicated in the pathology of a variety of debilitating human disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and arthritis). It is well-known that cells respond to oxidative stress by up-regulating proteostasis machinery, but the direct activation of mammalian chaperones by hypochlorite has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. In this study, we show that hypochlorite-induced modifications of human α2-macroglobulin (α2M) markedly increase its chaperone activity by generating species, particularly dimers formed by dissociation of the native tetramer, which have enhanced surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, dimeric α2M is generated in whole-blood plasma in the presence of physiologically relevant amounts of hypochlorite. The chaperone activity of hypochlorite-modified α2M involves the formation of stable soluble complexes with misfolded client proteins, including heat-denatured enzymes, oxidized fibrinogen, oxidized LDL, and native or oxidized amyloid β-peptide (Aβ1-42). Here, we show that hypochlorite-modified α2M delivers its misfolded cargo to lipoprotein receptors on macrophages and reduces Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity. Our results support the conclusion that α2M is a specialized chaperone that prevents the extracellular accumulation of misfolded and potentially pathogenic proteins, particularly during innate immune system activity.
A Framework for Integrating Capital Budgeting Analysis with Strategy (1992)

Abstract Abstract The exclusive use of discounted cash flow (DCF) capital budgeting models is being criticized because of the inability of these models to handle qualitative/intangible benefits and tie the capital budgeting decision formally to organizational strategy. In response, several authors have recently proposed the use of Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for capital investment analysis. This paper extends that line of research by focusing on the fundamental problem of structuring the decision hierarchy appropriately so that the AHP can be implemented successfully in a capital budgeting context. Three approaches are presented for structuring AHP hierarchies, including the Mission, Objectives, and Strategy (MOS) framework for strategic planning. An example based on three actual companies in the petrochemical industry is developed using the MOS approach.
Methodology on extracting compact layout rules for latchup prevention in deep-submicron bulk CMOS technology (2003)

An experimental methodology to find area-efficient compact layout rules to prevent latchup in bulk complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) is proposed. The layout rules are extracted from the test patterns with different layout spacings or distances. A new latchup prevention design by adding the additional internal double guard rings between input/output cells and internal circuits is first reported in the literature, and its effectiveness has been successfully proven in three different bulk CMOS processes. Through detailed experimental verification including temperature effect, the proposed methodology to extract compact layout rules has been established to save silicon area of CMOS ICs but still to have high enough latchup immunity. This proposed methodology has been successfully verified in a 0.5-/spl mu/m nonsilicided, a 0.35-/spl mu/m silicided, and a 0.25-/spl mu/m silicided shallow-trench-isolation bulk CMOS processes.
Indicadores de goce efectivo de derechos en familias desplazadas por la violencia en Colombia. Acción pública (2010)

espanolEste articulo presenta los resultados de un analisis de la accion publica frente al diseno e implementacion de indicadores para valorar los avances en la superacion del desplazamiento forzado causado por la violencia en Colombia. A partir de la sentencia T-o25 de 2004 de la Corte Constitucional, y con referencia en fuentes documentales primarias y secundarias, se establecio la accion publica de entidades gubernamentales y no gubernamentales con miras a garantizar que todos los componentes de la politica tengan indicadores de resultado basados en el criterio de goce efectivo de derechos (GED). Se revela un analisis critico frente a la accion reciente de las entidades gubernamentales para hacer que las familias desplazadas se reunifiquen, accedan a una vivienda digna y recobren la estabilizacion socioeconomica. EnglishThis article addresses the analysis of indicators regarding public policy actions for Colombian population enduring living conditions of forced displacement. This study took in consideration, as main sources of reference, the legal disposition from the Constitutional Court T-025, 2004, as well as primary and secondary data, and documents, concerning public policy actions in relation to displaced population in Colombia. It was a crucial criterion to verify the follow-up actions for effective enjoyment of rights of those families. This article includes a critical approach to the activities aimed to guarantee effective access of displaced families to their own reunification, housing and the accomplishment of their social and economic stability.
Commentary on in Memoriam (1987)

It is inevitable that readers faced with a long poem are going to ask questions about its design. Some may wonder whether there is a scheme which controls all its individual sections, some may look for a major turning point, whilst others may look for common features which give an emotional, intellectual or imaginative unity. Tennyson, in conversation with a friend, once proposed a nine part division: 1–8, 9–20, 21–37, 38–49, 50–58, 59–71, 72–98, 99–103, 104–131. However, he never elaborated upon this, and, moreover, the division ignores the second Christmas poem (78). To many people this is a fatal objection; In Memoriam, as far as its time-scale is concerned, is plotted around three Christmases — 28–30, 78, 104–5 — and three springs — 38–39, 86 and 88, 115–116.
Fixation of aldehydic dextrans onto human deoxyhemoglobin (1992)

A procedure commonly used to transform native adult human hemoglobin (Hb) into a physiological oxygen carrier consists of a pyridoxylation of the protein to lower its oxygen affinity, followed by its polymerization in the presence of glutaraldehyde, with or without further reduction, to increase its circulating half-life. This series of reactions yields derivatives presenting a great molecular heterogeneity that have to be fractionated for use in vivo. Hemoglobin derivatives with low oxygen affinity and a narrow distribution of molecular weights were obtained by linking a dextran polyaldehydic derivative to deoxyhemoglobin at pH 8. From oxygen-binding measurements carried out in the presence of inositolhexaphosphate, a strong effector of hemoglobin, it appeared that the allosteric site of hemoglobin was blocked, probably by crosslinking bonds, which stabilizes its deoxy structure. On the other hand, when the reaction was performed in the presence of inositolhexaphosphate, the resulting conjugates exhibited an oxygen affinity identical to that of unmodified hemoglobin. After treatment with NaBH4, the polymer-hemoglobin derivatives were stable and possessed a reversible oxygen-carrying capacity similar to that of blood. The conjugates prepared from oxyhemoglobin all possessed a lower P50 than native hemoglobin whatever the reaction conditions.
Analysis of positioning uncertainty in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) (2005)

This paper studies the time evolution of the covariance of the position estimates in single-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). A closed-form expression is derived, that establishes a functional relation between the noise parameters of the robot's proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors, the number of features being mapped, and the attainable accuracy of SLAM. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how prior information about the spatial density of landmarks can be utilized in order to compute a tight upper bound on the expected covariance of the positioning errors. The derived closed-form expressions enable the prediction of SLAM positioning performance, without resorting to extensive simulations, and thus offer an analytical tool for determining the sensor characteristics required to achieve a desired degree of accuracy. Simulation experiments are conducted, that corroborate the presented theoretical analysis.
Salmonella Methodology Update (1988)

This paper reviews the numerous research studies carried out at Richard Russell Agricultural Research Center over the past 10 to 15 yr that ultimately led to the Center's present methods for the isolation of Salmonella from processed broiler carcasses and poultry feed. In addition, the newer technologies that have recently evolved are discussed in complete detail. Included in these discussions are the advantages and disadvantages of the various technologies along with recommendations for making them more useful to the practicing food or poultry microbiologist.
Vibronic coupling in quantum wires: Applications to polydiacetylene (2011)

A theory describing vibronic coupling in direct band gap, one-dimensional semiconductors is developed to account for the photophysical properties of isolated, defect-free conjugated polymers. A Holstein-like Hamiltonian represented in a multi-particle basis set is used to evaluate absorption and emission due to Wannier-Mott excitons. The photophysical properties of such quantum wires are shown to strongly resemble those of Frenkel exciton J-aggregates. The 1(1)B(u) exciton coherence length and effective mass are readily determined from the ratio of the 0-0 and 0-1 line strengths, I(0 - 0)/I(0 - 1), in the photoluminescence spectrum. I(0 - 0)/I(0 - 1) is shown to follow a T(-1/2) dependence, in an excellent agreement with experiments on the red-phase of polydiacteylene.
Potential benefits of delta encoding and data compression for HTTP (1997)

Caching in the World Wide Web currently follows a naive model, which assumes that resources are referenced many times between changes. The model also provides no way to update a cache entry if a resource does change, except by transferring the resource's entire new value. Several previous papers have proposed updating cache entries by transferring only the differences, or "delta," between the cached entry and the current value.In this paper, we make use of dynamic traces of the full contents of HTTP messages to quantify the potential benefits of delta-encoded responses. We show that delta encoding can provide remarkable improvements in response size and response delay for an important subset of HTTP content types. We also show the added benefit of data compression, and that the combination of delta encoding and data compression yields the best results.We propose specific extensions to the HTTP protocol for delta encoding and data compression. These extensions are compatible with existing implementations and specifications, yet allow efficient use of a variety of encoding techniques.
A High Mobility P‐Type DPP‐Thieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]thiophene Copolymer for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2010)

A copolymer comprising 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moieties, PDBT-co-TT, shows high hole mobility of up to 0.94 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic thin-film transistors. The strong intermolecular interactions originated from π-π stacking and donor-acceptor interaction lead to the formation of interconnected polymer networks having an ordered lamellar structure, which have established highly efficient pathways for charge carrier transport.
A preliminary study of the nature of infection and immunity in chickens given an attenuated line of <i>Eimeria acervulina</i> (1982)

The Houghton (H) strain of Eimeria acervulina was attenuated by serial passage through chickens of the first oocysts produced during infection. This selection pressure resulted in a reduction in the pre-patent period of the parasite, shown to be due to the selection of a line predominantly with only 3 instead of 4 generations of schizonts. The precocious line had a reproductive potential much lower than that of the parent strain and it was significantly less pathogenic. Chickens given oocysts of the precocious line were almost completely immune to challenge with the Houghton strain.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Polymerizations Can Occur During Cycloaddition Reactions of Olefins and Dienes (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid detection of significant spatial clusters (2004)

Given an N x N grid of squares, where each square has a count cij and an underlying population pij, our goal is to find the rectangular region with the highest density, and to calculate its significance by randomization. An arbitrary density function D, dependent on a region's total count C and total population P, can be used. For example, if each count represents the number of disease cases occurring in that square, we can use Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic DK to find the most significant spatial disease cluster. A naive approach to finding the maximum density region requires O(N4) time, and is generally computationally infeasible. We present a multiresolution algorithm which partitions the grid into overlapping regions using a novel overlap-kd tree data structure, bounds the maximum score of subregions contained in each region, and prunes regions which cannot contain the maximum density region. For sufficiently dense regions, this method finds the maximum density region in O((N log N)2) time, in practice resulting in significant (20-2000x) speedups on both real and simulated datasets.
Very large vocabulary proper name recognition for directory assistance (2005)

This paper deals with the difficult task of recognition of a large vocabulary of proper names in a directory assistance application. After a presentation of the related work, it introduces a methodology for rescoring the N-best hypotheses generated by a first step recognition. First experiments give encouraging results and several topics for future research are presented.
The metabolism of arylazoisoxazolones by rats and dogs (1969)

1. When rats were given a single oral dose of the lipid-soluble fungicide 4-(2-chlorophenylhydrazono)-3-methyl[4-(14)C]isoxazol-5-one ([(14)C]drazoxolon), about 75% of the label was excreted in the urine and 13% in the faeces in 96hr. An additional 7% of the radioactivity was recovered as (14)CO(2) in 48hr. 2. About 8% of the label was excreted by rats in the bile in 0-24hr. and an additional 6% was excreted by the same route in 24-48hr. 3. When dogs were given a single oral dose of [(14)C]drazoxolon about 35% of the label was excreted in the urine and a similar amount was excreted in the faeces in 96hr. 4. The major metabolites in the urine of the rat and the dog were identified as 2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylhydrazono)acetoacetic acid (dog, 14%), the corresponding ether glucosiduronic acid (dog, 12%; rat, 13%) and ester sulphate (rat, 65%). 5. When rats were given a single oral dose of 3-methyl-4-([U-(14)C]phenylhydrazono)isoxazol-5-one about 75% of the label was excreted in the urine and 15% in the faeces in 96hr. The major metabolite in the urine was identified as the ester sulphate conjugate of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylhydrazono)-acetoacetic acid. 6. Reduction of the azo link was of minor quantitative significance. 7. These results are discussed in their relation to species differences in the toxicity of these compounds.
Stable Solar-Driven Water Oxidation to O<sub>2</sub>(g) by Ni-Oxide-Coated Silicon Photoanodes (2015)

Semiconductors with small band gaps (<2 eV) must be stabilized against corrosion or passivation in aqueous electrolytes before such materials can be used as photoelectrodes to directly produce fuels from sunlight. In addition, incorporation of electrocatalysts on the surface of photoelectrodes is required for efficient oxidation of H2O to O2(g) and reduction of H2O or H2O and CO2 to fuels. We report herein the stabilization of np(+)-Si(100) and n-Si(111) photoanodes for over 1200 h of continuous light-driven evolution of O2(g) in 1.0 M KOH(aq) by an earth-abundant, optically transparent, electrocatalytic, stable, conducting nickel oxide layer. Under simulated solar illumination and with optimized index-matching for proper antireflection, NiOx-coated np(+)-Si(100) photoanodes produced photocurrent-onset potentials of -180 ± 20 mV referenced to the equilibrium potential for evolution of O2(g), photocurrent densities of 29 ± 1.8 mA cm(-2) at the equilibrium potential for evolution of O2(g), and a solar-to-O2(g) conversion figure-of-merit of 2.1%.