gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Potential of the Lumbar Trunk Musculature About Three Orthogonal Orthopaedic Axes in Extreme Postures (1991)

Many studies have examined the mechanics of the lumbar spine in various planes, but only a limited number of three-dimensional investigations have been reported. Analysis of the low back during complex, dynamic postures demands rigorous representation of the trunk musculature. The data of this study demonstrated the force and torque contributions of approximately 50 laminas of various trunk muscles to flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial twisting torque at the L4-L5 joint. This analysis was conducted with the spine in an upright standing posture and when fully flexed (60 degrees), laterally bent (25 degrees), and axially twisted (10 degrees) together with two examples of combined postures. Maximum moment potential, muscle length excursions, and the resultant compressive, anteroposterior shear, and lateral shear forces on the joint were also computed. The results indicate that the position of the vertebrae and their orthopaedic axes, which are a function of spinal posture, are an important factor in the reasonable determination of joint compressive, lateral shear, and anteroposterior shear loads. Muscle length changes that exceeded 20% of their respective length during upright standing were not observed during a full axial twist, but were observed in portions of the abdominal obliques during lateral bending, and in some extensors during full flexion. Extreme postures tended to change the torque potential of some muscles and influence joint load. Various portions of erector spinae were observed to have appreciable potential to generate torque about all three orthopaedic axes. This observation supports the notion held by some therapists that conditioning of the erector spinae is of utmost importance.
Effects of electron scattering on the topological properties of nanowires: Majorana fermions from disorder and superlattices (2014)

We focus on inducing a topological state from regular or irregular scattering in (i) $p$-wave superconducting wires and (ii) Rashba wires proximity coupled to an $s$-wave superconductor. We find that, contrary to common expectations, the topological properties of both systems are fundamentally different: In $p$-wave wires, disorder generally has a detrimental effect on the topological order, and the topological state is destroyed beyond a critical disorder strength. In contrast, in Rashba wires, which are relevant for recent experiments, disorder can induce topological order, reducing the need for quasiballistic samples to obtain Majorana fermions. Moreover, we find that the total phase space area of the topological state is conserved for long disordered Rashba wires and can even be increased in an appropriately engineered superlattice potential.
Suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone undecanoate-loaded injectable in situ-forming implants in adult male rats (2015)

We have investigated the feasibility of administration of testosterone undecanoate (TU)-loaded injectable in situ-forming implant (ISFI) for contraception in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were treated with vehicle, TU-loaded ISFIs (540, 270 and 135 mg TU kg-1 ) or TU injections (45 mg TU kg-1 every 30 days) for 120 days. Fertility tests served for determining infertility or restoration of fertility in treated rats. Serum testosterone concentration, epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, and histology of the testis were monitored. The TU-loaded ISFIs increased serum testosterone levels in rats steadily without fluctuation over 3 months. One month after TU administration, the epididymal sperm count decreased significantly in all experimental groups. After 3 months, the animals treated with 270 and 135 mg kg-1 TU-loaded ISFIs were 100% infertile, and no implantation sites were produced in the mated females. However, some of males treated with 540 mg kg-1 ISFI or TU injections were still fertile but numbers of implantation sites were also significantly lower than control values. TU-loaded ISFI at an appropriate dose has potential as a long-acting male contraceptive drug that suppresses spermatogenesis consistently over a period of 3 months.
Natural language translation at the intersection of AI and HCI (2015)

Old questions being answered with both AI and HCI.
Characterization and optimization of slanted well designs for microfluidic mixing under electroosmotic flow (2002)

Recently, a series of slanted wells on the floor of a microfluidic channel were experimentally shown to successfully induce off-axis transport and mixing of two confluent streams when operating under electroosmotic (EO) flow. This paper will further explore, through numerical simulations, the parameters that affect off-axis transport under EO flow with an emphasis on optimizing the mixing rate of (a). two confluent streams in steady-state or (b). the transient scenario of two confluent plugs of material, which simulates mixing after an injection. For the steady-state scenario, the degree of mixing was determined to increase by changing any of the following parameters: (1). increasing the well depth, (2). decreasing the well angle relative to the axis of the channel, and (3). increasing the EO mobility of the well walls relative to the mobility of the main channel. Also, it will be shown that folding of the fluid can occur when the well angle is sufficiently reduced and/or when the EO mobility of the wells is increased relative to the channel. The optimum configuration for the transient problem of mixing two confluent plugs includes shallow wells to minimize the well residence time, and an increased EO mobility of the well walls relative to the main channel as well as small well angles to maximize off-axis transport. The final design reported here for the transient study reduces the standard deviation of the concentration across the channel by 72% while only increasing the axial dispersion of the injected plug by 8.6 % when compared to a plug injected into a channel with no wells present. These results indicate that a series of slanted wells on the wall of a microchannel provides a means for controlling and achieving a high degree of off-axis transport and mixing in a passive manner for micro total analysis system (microTAS) devices that are driven by electroosmosis.
Preparation and characterization of metal supported solid oxide fuel cells with screen-printed electrodes and thin-film electrolyte (2017)

In this work, metal supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) with screen-printed electrodes and thin-film electrolytes were manufactured and investigated. Lanthanum strontium titanate based composite anode functional layers (AFL) were applied on metal substrates through screen printing technology. The AFL served not only as the electrochemically active reaction site on the fuel side, but also provided macroporous microstructure and smooth surface for supporting the successive fine coatings with YSZ nanoparticles. On top of the AFL, a 3 µm thick multi-layered electrolyte was deposited in the form of a combination of a dip-coated yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer and physical vapor deposited (PVD) YSZ-gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) double layers. The MS-SOFC half cells demonstrated good gas-tightness with leakage rate value down to 0.5 Pa·m·s-1. To build full cells, perovskite LSCF cathode layers with an active area of 4x4 cm² were screen printed on half cells with a size of 5x5 cm². At a cell voltage of 0.7 V, the achieved power density values at 750 °C and 800 °C were 300 mW/cm2 and 520 mW/cm2, respectively. The redox cycle tolerance investigation on the cells also showed promising results.
Signal Relay by Retinoic Acid Receptors α and β in the Retinoic Acid-induced Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 in Breast Cancer Cells (1999)

Neither retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARbeta) nor insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is expressed in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of both proteins can be induced in response to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA). By using an RARalpha-selective antagonist (Ro 41-5253), we demonstrated that RARbeta expression was induced by atRA through an RARalpha-dependent signaling pathway and that RARbeta induction was correlated with IGFBP-3 induction. However, MCF-7 cells transfected with sense RARbeta cDNA expressed IGFBP-3 even in the presence of the RARalpha-selective antagonist Ro 41-5253. On the other hand, antisense RARbeta cDNA transfection of MCF-7 cells blocked atRA-induced IGFBP-3 expression, indicating that RARbeta is directly involved in the mediation of IGFBP-3 induction by atRA. Induction of IGFBP-3 expression by atRA occurs at the transcriptional level, as measured by nuclear run-on assays. Finally, we showed that atRA-induced IGFBP-3 is functionally active in modulating the growth-promoting effect of IGF-I. These experiments indicate that RARalpha and RARbeta, both individually and together, are important in mammary gland homeostasis and breast cancer development. By linking IGFBP-3 to RARbeta, our experiments define the signal intersection between the retinoid and IGF systems in cell growth regulation and explain why loss of RARbeta might be critical in breast cancer carcinogenesis/progression.
OpenSoundEdit: An Interactive Visualization and Editing Framework for Timbral Resources (1998)

OpenSoundEdit is a sound-editing system that provides a unified three-dimensional user interface to edit complex sounds composed from different representations. Sounds are mapped onto a single three-dimensional space representing time, amplitude and a view-dependent third dimension (e.g., frequency, channel number, etc.) Sounds can be edited by direct manipulation on the 3D display window or using additional representation-specific controls. As the user edits sounds, changes can be heard through a synthesis server, an application that generates sound in response to commands supplied by OSE. OSE is implemented using extensible, multi-platform technologies. This paper illustrates the features of OSE with sinusoidal-track and resonance models. 1.
Guiding Neural Machine Translation Decoding with External Knowledge (2017)

Differently from the phrase-based paradigm, neural machine translation (NMT) operates on word and sentence representations in a continuous space. This makes the decoding process not only more difficult to interpret, but also harder to influence with external knowledge. For the latter problem, effective solutions like the XML-markup used by phrase-based models to inject fixed translation options as constraints at decoding time are not yet available. We propose a "guide" mechanism that enhances an existing NMT decoder with the ability to prioritize and adequately handle translation options presented in the form of XML annotations of source words. Positive results obtained in two different translation tasks indicate the effectiveness of our approach.
Overview (2009)

This chapter is a high-level overview of shading (Sh) and its relationship to other realtime shading and graphics processing unit (GPU) programming languages and describes in more detail the features of modem programmable GPUs and the abstraction of their computational model that Sh uses. In a supercomputer, multiple GPUs can be used and their digital video outputs combined using special-purpose compositing hardware. Shading languages developed specifically for programmable GPUs include the OpenGL Shading Language, the Stanford Real-Time Shading Language, Microsoft’s High-Level Shading Language and NVIDIA’s Cg. The chapter discusses the stream processing computational model and other programming systems that support it, and provides some background on metaprogramming in general and how Sh relates to other forms of metaprogramming. The existing GPU shading languages are all very similar semantically, differing mostly in minor syntactic issues. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
Utilizing reuse information in data cache management (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Utilizing reuse information in data cache management Authors: Jude A. Rivers Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile , Edward S. Tam Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile , Gary S. Tyson Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile , Edward S. Davidson Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Advanced Computer Architecture Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile , Matt Farrens Dept. of Computer Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California Dept. of Computer Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '98: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on SupercomputingJuly 1998 Pages 449–456https://doi.org/10.1145/277830.277941Published:13 July 1998Publication History 52citation546DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations52Total Downloads546Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Development of a silicon carbide sewing thread (1989)

A silicon carbide (SiC) sewing thread has been designed which consists of a two-ply yarn in a 122 turns-per-meter-twist construction. Two processing aids in thread construction were evaluated. Prototype blankets were sewn using an SiC thread prepared either with polytetrafluoroethylene sizing or with an overwrap of rayon/dacron service yarn. The rayon/dacron-wrapped SiC thread was stronger, as shown by higher break-strength retention and less damage to the outer-mold-line fabric. This thread enables thermal protection system articles to be sewn or joined, or have perimeter close-out of assembled parts when using SiC fabric for high-temperature applications.
Male gametophyte development in bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.): molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses of a sporophytic contribution to pollen wall ontogeny (2002)

Bread wheat (hexaploid AABBDD genome; 16 billion basepairs) is a genetically complex, self-pollinating plant with bisexual flowers that produce short-lived pollen. Very little is known about the molecular biology of its gametophyte development despite a longstanding interest in hybrid seeds. We present here a comprehensive characterization of three apparently homeologous genes (TAA1a, TAA1b and TAA1c) and demonstrate their anther-specific biochemical function. These eight-exon genes, found at only one copy per haploid complement in this large genome, express specifically within the sporophytic tapetum cells. The presence of TAA1 mRNA and protein was evident only at specific stages of pollen development as the microspore wall thickened during the progression of free microspores into vacuolated-microspores. This temporal regulation matched the assembly of wall-impregnated sporopollenin, a phenylpropanoid-lipid polymer containing very long chain fatty alcohols (VLCFAlc), described in the literature. Our results establish that sporophytic genes contribute to the production of fatty alcohols: Transgenic expression of TAA1 afforded production of long/VLCFAlc in tobacco seeds (18 : 1; 20 : 1; 22 : 1; 24 : 0; 26 : 0) and in Escherichia coli (14 : 0; 16 : 0; 18 : 1), suggesting biochemical versatility of TAA1 with respect to cellular milieu and substrate spectrum. Pollen walls additionally contain fatty alcohols in the form of wax esters and other lipids, and some of these lipids are known to play a role in the highly specific sexual interactions at the pollen-pistil interface. This study provides a handle to study these and to manipulate pollen traits, and, furthermore, to understand the molecular biology of fatty alcohol metabolism in general.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROCYCLIC UREAS AS MASKED ISOCYANATES (1978)

Abstract Benzoylchlorid reagiert mit den makrocyclischen Harnstoffen (I) zu den Benzoylverbindungen (II), von denen die höheren Vertreter zu (III) gespalten und in die Urethane (IV) übergeführt werden können.
Auditory N1-P2 Cortical Event Related Potentials in Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder Patients (2014)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a group of patients with auditory neuropathy have abnormal changes in auditory N1-P2 and to analyze the results in those patients and compare them with matched group of normal subjects. MATERIALS and METHODS: Cortical auditory evoked potentials were obtained from nine female and seven male patients with auditory neuropathy, ranging in age from 19 to 48 years. The control group comprised 15 (9 males and 6 females) age-matched, normally hearing adults. Cortical auditory evoked potentials were recorded in both groups. Audiological assessments were performed in both groups, which included pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, distortion products otoacoustic emissions, as well as auditory brainstem potential testing. RESULTS: N1-P2 amplitudes were reduced and latencies were prolonged in the study group, and these parameters were found to be statistically significant when compared to normal subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The neurophysiologic measures of auditory processing-i.e., N1-P2 response to tonal frequency stimuli-in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder patients are found to be different. Hence, arguing a doubt on the affection of hypothesize origin of the N1-P2 potential in ANSD patients.
Comparative Study of Sensitivity, Linearity, and Resistance to Inhibition of Digital and Nondigital Polymerase Chain Reaction and Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Quantification of Human Cytomegalovirus (2014)

Performing nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) in digital format using limiting dilution provides potential advantages that have recently been demonstrated with digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). Key benefits that have been claimed are the ability to quantify nucleic acids without the need of an external calibrator and a greater resistance to inhibitors than real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). In this study, we evaluated the performance of four NAATs, qPCR, dPCR, real-time quantitative loop mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP), and digital LAMP (dLAMP), for the detection and quantification of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV). We used various DNA templates and inhibitors to compare the performance of these methods using a conventional real-time thermocycler platform (Bio-Rad CFX96) and a chip based digital platform (Fluidigm Biomark 12.765 Digital Array). dPCR performed well and demonstrated greater resistance to inhibitors than the other methods although this resistance did not apply equally to all inhibitors tested. dLAMP was found to be less sensitive than dPCR, but its quantitative performance was better than qLAMP, the latter being unable to quantify below 1000 copies. dLAMP was also more resistant to inhibitors than qLAMP. Unlike qPCR, both digital methods were able to quantify viral genomes without requiring a calibrator; however, neither can currently compete with the large reaction volumes, and thus the greater absolute sensitivity, of qPCR. With the introduction of digital instrumentation that will enable larger reaction volumes, digital amplification methods such as those evaluated in this study could potentially offer a robust alternative to qPCR for nucleic acid quantification.
Development of methods for body composition studies (2006)

This review is focused on experimental methods for determination of the composition of the human body, its organs and tissues. It summarizes the development and current status of fat determinations from body density, total body water determinations through the dilution technique, whole and partial body potassium measurements for body cell mass estimates, in vivo neutron activation analysis for body protein measurements, dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, fMRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) for body composition studies on tissue and organ levels, as well as single- and multiple-frequency bioimpedance (BIA) and anthropometry as simple easily available methods. Methods for trace element analysis in vivo are also described. Using this wide range of measurement methods, together with gradually improved body composition models, it is now possible to quantify a number of body components and follow their changes in health and disease.
The Relation of Restless Legs Syndrome with Diseases of Peripheral Nerves (2008)

Many neurologists, particularly whose subspecialty is in peripheral neurology, may agree that patients with peripheral neuropathy often complain of the “restless legs” symptoms. These symptoms seem to share the typical features of the so-called “restless legs syndrome (RLS)”, i.e., unpleasant sensations in the leg/feet, worsening in the evening or at night, and the partial relief of the positive sensory symptoms by the movements such as walking, shaking or rubbing. In fact, a higher incidence of RLS was reported among the neuropathic patients, and peripheral neuropathy was found to be more prevalent in patients with RLS than in general population. Moreover, RLS share many risk factors with peripheral neuropathy such as diabetes, uremia, amyloidosis and cryoglobulinemia, which suggests that peripheral neuropathy may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of RLS.
Imaging of intracellular calcium stores in single permeabilized lens cells (1999)

Intracellular Ca2+ stores in permeabilized sheep lens cells were imaged with mag-fura 2 to characterize their distribution and sensitivity to Ca2+-releasing agents. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) released Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores that were maintained by an ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump. The IP3 antagonist heparin inhibited IP3- but not cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release, whereas the cADPR antagonist 8-amino-cADPR inhibited cADPR- but not IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, indicating that IP3 and cADPR were operating through separate mechanisms. A Ca2+ store sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin appeared to be distributed throughout all intracellular regions. In some cells a Ca2+ store insensitive to IP3, cADPR, thapsigargin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not ionomycin, was present in a juxtanuclear region. We conclude that lens cells contain intracellular Ca2+ stores that are sensitive to IP3, cADPR, and thapsigargin, as well as a Ca2+ store that appears insensitive to all these agents.