gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditionally Lethal <i>Escherichia coli </i>Murein Mutants Contain Point Defects That Map to Regions Conserved among Murein and Folyl Poly-γ-glutamate Ligases:  Identification of a Ligase Superfamily (1997)

Bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis includes four enzymatic reactions in which successive amino acid residues are ligated to uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc). By comparing the amino acid sequences of MurC, -D, -E, and -F proteins from various bacterial genera, four regions of homology were identified. A profile search of Swissprot for related sequences revealed that these regional similarities were present in the folyl-gamma-polyglutamate ligases. These sequence homologies appear to track with catalytic function: both enzyme families proceed through an ordered kinetic mechanism and form product via an acyl phosphate intermediate. Two highly conserved residues in region II were examined through site-directed mutagenesis of the murein D-alanyl-D-alanine-adding enzyme from Escherichia coli (murF; E158 and H188). All mutations were highly detrimental to activity with enzyme specific activity reductions of 200-4500-fold, validating the critical nature of these residues. DNA sequence analysis from three E. coli mutants harboring the murC3 (G344D), murE1 (G344K, A495S), and murF2 (A288T) mutations revealed the presence of point mutation(s) closely associated with the fourth of these aligned regions. The murF2 allele, expressed and purified as a glutathione S-transferase::MurF2 fusion, was 181-fold less catalytically active at 30 degrees C and was further reduced at the nonpermissive temperature (42 degrees C). Thus the murF2 temperature-sensitive phenotype arises from a point mutation within a highly conserved region within this protein family. These data argue that these proteins comprise a superfamily of three substrate amide ligases that share significant structural and catalytic homologies.
Current-mode electronically tunable biquad filter (2011)

A current-mode electronically tunable biquad filter with two inputs and two outputs is proposed. The proposed circuit comprises two multi-output current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (MO-CCCCTAs) and two grounded capacitors and can realize low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in current form by choosing appropriate current input and output branches. The quality factor can be controlled independently of pole frequency through single bias current. Moreover, the circuit possesses low active and passive sensitivity performance. The validity of proposed filter is verified through computer simulations using PSPICE.
X-ray Rietveld structure determination of Cs2CuSi5O12, a pollucite analogue (1991)

Cristallisation dans P4 1 2 1 2 avec a=b=13,5776, c=13,6189 A, Z=8; affinement jusqu'a R=0,145. Dans le compose du titre, Cu(II) et Si(IV) remplace Al(III) dans les sites tetraedriques du reseau (Si, Al-O) analcime de la pollucite
Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometer for Dew Detection (2011)

A novel method for dew detection based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer that operates in reflection mode is presented in this paper. The fabrication of the sensor head is simple since it only involves cleaving and fusion splicing. The sensor shows good sensitivity to dew formation with a large wavelength peak shift of the interference pattern at the onset of dew formation. The device's response to ambient humidity and temperature are also studied and reported in this paper. From our experiment it is also concluded that by attaching a thermoelectric cooler with temperature feedback, the sensor head demonstrated can be used as a miniature dew point hygrometer.
Clinical and biologic characterization of T-cell neoplasias with rearrangements of chromosome 7 band q34 (1988)

In T cell malignancy, rearrangements of chromosome 14 have been observed with a break in the band that contains the alpha chain gene for the T cell receptor (TCR). Because the beta chain TCR gene is in chromosome band 7q34, we searched for and report finding specific rearrangements of 7q34 exclusively in T cell malignancies. The rearrangements were reciprocal translocations between 7q34 and other points: 1p34, 9q32, 9q34, 15q22, and 19p13. The malignancies containing a 7q34 translocation were either T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias or T cell lymphoblastic lymphomas that had similarities in clinical, enzyme, immunologic, and cellular characteristics. Hybridization using a probe to the beta-TCR gene disclosed unique rearrangements consistent with clonality in every case. A common pattern with chromosome breakpoints involving TCR genes may be emerging in T cell neoplasia.
Implementation of a medical emergency team in a large pediatric teaching hospital prevents respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrests outside the intensive care unit* (2007)

Implementation of a MET is associated with a reduction in the risk of respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrest outside of critical care areas in a large tertiary children's hospital.
Effect of insulin-like growth factor I in murine muscular dystrophy. (1995)

In muscular dystrophy there is an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and protein degradation, resulting in net muscle catabolism and progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Both insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are known to have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle, which is believed to be enhanced in the presence of elevated concentrations of amino acids. We examined the effects of 4-week administration of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I), both alone and supplemented with a high protein diet (HPD), on muscle metabolism, morphology, and function in the 129 ReJ dystrophic mouse. rhIGF-I significantly reduced muscle protein degradation (P < 0.001), increased muscle protein content (P < 0.05), decreased fiber area variability (P < 0.01), and increased hind limb utilization (P < 0.01). Supplementation of rhIGF-I therapy with a HPD resulted in a significant increase in muscle protein synthesis (P < 0.05) in addition to a further increase in the above parameters. We conclude that rhIGF-I causes an improvement in muscle metabolism, morphology, and function in dystrophic mice, and this effect is further enhanced by the presence of a HPD.
Design, synthesis, and testing of insulin hexamer-stabilizing agents (1985)

The addition of zinc to insulin solution leads to a long-acting insulin preparation because the zinc stabilizes the less soluble hexameric form of the hormone. It is clear from the crystal structure of dizinc insulin that there is a space at the center of the hexamer, between the two zinc atoms, that could accommodate a small organic molecule. It should thus be possible to design a structure that could further stabilize the insulin hexamer by binding at this site. Computer graphic techniques have been used to design several molecules capable of forming multiple bonds to the six histidine residues surrounding the site. Synthesis and testing of one of these compounds, benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid, show a significant increase in weight-average molecular weight of insulin in solution, and control experiments with related structures suggest that this effect is due to the proposed binding mechanism.
Controlled recovery of payloads at large glide distances, using the para-foil. (1968)

Recent progress of Sandia Laboratory in the development of a small guidance and control system and by the University of Notre Dame on the Para-Foil has indicated that the design of a system capable of recovering a 150-Ib payload from altitudes greater than 300,000 ft and ranges of from three to five times the deployment height (60,000 ft) is quite feasible. The Para-Foil is a completely nonrigid, self-inflating flying wing, capable of being packed and deployed like a conventional parachute and able to glide large distances. The guidance package is an electromechanical control system employing a direction-finding antenna to control the direction of the Para-Foil's glide path with respect to a ground or shipboard transmitter. The recovery system design program includes such parameters as size and weight of the recovery unit, size of the payload (W/S wing loading), glide ratio and wind structure, and flare-out capabilities in the recovery area. The full-scale recovery program includes numerous packing, deployment, and glide tests. These tests demonstrated successful deployment, excellent gliding performance (JL/D = 3.88) and dynamic flight stability, and very low impact velocities during the final recovery phases. Recent guidance and control tests also demonstrated excellent response in maneuverability of the Para-Foil. This paper summarizes the design program and the results of full-scale deployment and guided recovery flight tests and demonstrates the potential of the Para-Foil for use in many space-age recovery programs.
In vitro antibacterial activity of some aliphatic aldehydes from<i>Olea europaea</i>L. (2001)

In the present paper we report the 'in vitro' activity of eight aliphatic long-chain aldehydes from olive flavor (hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-eptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-decenal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal) against a number of standard and freshly isolated bacterial strains that may be causal agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections. The saturated aldehydes characterized in the present study do not exhibit significant antibacterial activity, while the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and show similar activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The effectiveness of the aldehydes under investigation seems to depend not only on the presence of the alpha,beta-double bond, but also on the chain length from the enal group and on the microorganism tested.
Optical limitations to cell size reduction in IT-CCD image sensors (2002)

We have determined the practical limits of cell size reduction in interline-transfer CCD image sensors, limits resulting from diffraction occurring at the aperture above the photodiode. We have found that image cell size cannot be reduced to a level for which aperture width would fall below about 0.2 /spl mu/m. We have also found, however, that image cells with greater than 0.2 /spl mu/m aperture size are sensitive over the entire wavelength range of visible light, and that sensitivity can be increased by thinning the photoshield film.
Technical Feasibility of the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by a CEPS-UASB System (2000)

Raw domestic wastewater was treated continuously under laboratory conditions for 170 days by a chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The CEPS was carried our with 70 mg FeCl(3)l(-1) from day 1 to 82 and with 24 mi l(-1) of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds from day 83 to 170. Compared to the natural primary sedimentation (NPS), the CEPS increased the ratio of soluble chemical oxygen demand to volatile suspended solids (CODs/VSS) of the supernatant by a factor 3 and 10 respectively. Although the FeCl3 increased the CODs/VSS ratio, it caused a decrease of the soluble content of the wastewater by a factor 1.4. This resulted in a low influent concentration supplied to the UASB reactor and consequently a low biogas production. However, the reactor achieved 54 % removal of total COD (CODt) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 hours and a volumetric loading rate (Bv) of 1.4 g COD l(-1) d(-1). The Moringa oleifera seeds, besides the increase of CODs/VSS ratio, also allowed to increase the CODs content of the wastewater by a factor 2.2. As a consequence, the reactor produced a higher amount of biogas. The reactor achieved 71 % removal of CODt at a HRT of 2 hours and a By of 1.4 g COD l(-1) d(-1). The UASB reactor operated without the need to discharge regularly the biological excess of sludge produced. The implementation of the CEPS can decrease the volume needed by a conventional one step UASB reactor by a factor 0.4.
Projective reconstruction and invariants from multiple images (1994)

This correspondence investigates projective reconstruction of geometric configurations seen in two or more perspective views, and the computation of projective invariants of these configurations from their images. A basic tool in this investigation is the fundamental matrix that describes the epipolar correspondence between image pairs. It is proven that once the epipolar geometry is known, the configurations of many geometric structures (for instance sets of points or lines) are determined up to a collineation of projective 3-space /spl Pscrsup 3/ by their projection in two independent images. This theorem is the key to a method for the computation of invariants of the geometry. Invariants of six points in /spl Pscrsup 3/ and of four lines in /spl Pscrsup 3/ are defined and discussed. An example with real images shows that they are effective in distinguishing different geometrical configurations. Since the fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the computation of these invariants, new methods of computing the fundamental matrix from seven-point correspondences in two images or six-point correspondences in three images are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Status of vacuum arc ion sources (invited) (abstract) (2000)

Vacuum arc ion sources have been developed and used in a growing number of laboratories around the world. Beams have been produced from most of the solid metals of the periodic table as well as alloys and mixtures, with ion energy up to several hundred keV and beam current up to several A. Typically the source is repetitively pulsed with a pulse length on the order of a millisecond and duty cycle of 1%, and dc operation has been demonstrated also. The main application has evolved for ion implantation, primarily for metallurgical, ceramic, and polymer surface modification (i.e., nonsemiconductor applications), but also for semiconductor implantation in some special cases; the source is also used for heavy ion injection into particle accelerators. This kind of high-current metal ion source has provided a valuable addition to the spectrum of ion sources available to the experimenter. Here the source fundamentals are briefly reviewed and the source performance and beam characteristics summarized. We survey some of the vacuum arc ion source development that has been accomplished over the past decade at many laboratories around the world, applications to which the source has been put, and recent progress in source innovations that has been accomplished by the community.
Collaborative information filtering in cooperative communities (1998)

Abstract Recently, large amounts of on‐line information broadcast from private persons/corporations are available via the Internet. In particular, there are large amounts of on‐line resources useful for learning which are currently underutilised due to the sheer volume of information available. The purpose of the study reported in this paper is to develop an information filtering system, which gathers, classifies, stores various kinds of information found on the Internet. The approach taken has been to create filters through the collaboration of members of a community. In this paper, a representation of personal interests and its acquisition method in the system are described.
Collaborative investigation of variables in susceptibility testing of yeasts (1990)

A multicenter study was performed to evaluate the effect of medium, incubation time (24 and 48 h), and temperature (30 and 35 degrees C) on intra- and interlaboratory variations in MICs of flucytosine, amphotericin B, and ketoconazole for yeasts. Testing was performed on coded isolates of Candida species (11 strains) and Cryptococcus neoformans (2 strains) by using a standard macrodilution protocol 11 laboratories. Four chemically defined media buffered to pH 7.0 with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid were evaluated, including buffered yeast nitrogen base, synthetic amino acid medium-fungal, RPMI 1640 medium, and high-resolution antifungal assay medium. Intralaboratory variability was less than or equal to fourfold for 97% of the replicate sets of data. The highest level of interlaboratory agreement, irrespective of antifungal agent or incubation conditions, was observed with RPMI 1640 medium. Intralaboratory variability was less than or equal to fourfold for 93% of the determinations with ketoconazole and 100% with flucytosine tested in RPMI 1640 medium at 35 degrees C for 24 h. Variability in amphotericin B results was less than or equal to fourfold for 81% of the determinations in RPMI 1640 medium at 35 degrees C for 48 h. The rank order of MICs within each antifungal test group was similar among the various laboratories and was generally in agreement with the reference rank order regardless of the test medium that we used.
An enhanced 90nm high performance technology with strong performance improvements from stress and mobility increase through simple process changes (2004)

In this abstract we present a highly manufacturable, high performance 90nm technology with best in class performance for 35nm gate-length N and P transistors. Unique, but simple and low cost, process changes have been utilized to modulate channel stress and implant profile to generate enhanced performance with no additional masks. High drive currents of 1193uA/um and 587uA/um are obtained for nMOS and pMOS transistors respectively at 1.2V Vdd and an Ioff of 60nA//spl mu/m. An industry leading 90nm technology CV/I of 0.61 ps and 1.12ps are obtained for nMOS and pMOS transistors respectively. An aggressively scaled 12/spl Aring/ EOT plasma-nitrided, cluster gate dielectric is used. Process conditions are optimized to obtain high drive current, good Vt roll-off control and simultaneously meet reliability requirements.
Electron Transport Properties of Ag/Co Layered Metallic Films (1987)

Measurements of resistance parallel to the layers have been made for sample periodicities A between 16 and 160Å at temperatures of 4.2, 78, and 295K. A simple analysis, extending Fuch's theory to multiple layers and involving a single fitting parameter, fits the data well and indicates a transmission coefficient of an electron through an Ag/Co interface which is independent of A and which only changes slightly with temperature between 4.2 and 295K. Preliminary data on the resistivity perpendicular to the layers are given.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOLIAGE BY TWO‐DIMENSIONAL POINT QUADRATS (1959)

S ummary ‘Relative frequency’, yielded by point quadrat analysis of vegetation, is a measure of the area of the foliage in vertical projection. Because this projected area varies according to the foliage angle (i.e. the angle between foliage and horizontal), values of relative frequency fluctuate as attitudes change with environmental variation; also, misleading estimates are obtained when comparisons are made between species of different habit. By using horizontal as well as vertical point quadrats it is possible to estimate the foliage angle and the foliage denseness (i.e. total area of foliage per unit volume of space). If the frequencies of contacts with foliage per unit length of point quadrat are F 90 and F 0 for vertical and horizontal quadrats respectively, foliage angle (α) is given by tan α/2(F 0 /F 90 ) and foliage denseness ( F ) by F = F 90 sec α. The vegetation is analysed within horizontal layers. An apparatus is described which can give the required data, and which avoids the errors inherent in point quadrat methods that use needles of appreciable thickness. The total area of foliage per unit area of ground can be obtained by summation of F for all layers. Trials show that the method is practicable in the field, and that it gives values of α and F which reflect the character of the vegetation. Values of F obtained by this method agreed with direct estimates for the same vegetation within 2.5%. Some assumptions made by the method are discussed; provided that certain precautions are taken, the errors resulting from these are small or none.
An Overview of Canadian Labour Law (1990)

Canadian labour legislation is not simply a pale imitation of that of the United States. In fact, Canada′s labour laws possess a number of unique and original features which distinguishes them from those stipulated by the United States Labor Relations Act. These basic features are examined and their origins traced, with particular emphasis on the provisions laid out by the Ontario Labour Relations Act, the Labour Code for Canada′s largest province.
Responses of mouse lymphocytes to extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity are resistant to the permeabilizing effects of ATP. (1989)

The effects of extracellular ATP on plasma membrane permeability in mouse lymphocytes were studied with plasma membrane depolarization, uptake of ethidium bromide, and release of lactate dehydrogenase as indicators of increased permeability. Extracellular ATP induced sustained depolarization of plasma membrane potential as well as uptake of low m.w. fluorescent markers in mouse lymphocytes derived from thymus and spleen, and in two lymphoma lines YAC-1 and MBL-2. The fully ionized form ATP4- rather than MgATP2- mediated the increased permeability of the plasma membrane. Although prolonged exposure to exogenous ATP ultimately lysed the lymphocytes, two CTL populations (CHM-14 clone and CTLL-2 line) and IL-2-treated spleen lymphocytes with unrestricted killing activity were highly resistant to the permeabilizing action of extracellular ATP at all concentrations tested. In addition, CTL derived from primary immune peritoneal exudate and enriched by in vitro culture for 5 days in the presence of specific stimulator cells were also resistant to this permeabilizing effect. These findings show that exogenous ATP has a lytic effect on mouse lymphocytes but not on CTL, and suggest a role for ATP in cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
The Influence of In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>As and GaAs<sub>1–<i>y</i></sub>P<sub><i>y</i></sub> Layers Surrounding the AlAs Release Layer in the Epitaxial Lift-Off Process (2007)

In this paper, the influence of intrinsic strain on the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process induced by local lattice mismatch is determined as a function of the composition variation of two InxGa1–xAs or two GaAs1–yPy layers surrounding the AlAs etch layer. For this purpose, samples were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, etched using a weight-induced ELO process, and analyzed by differential interference contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It is shown that the etch rate decreases significantly for increasing In and P fractions in the surrounding layers. Morphology examinations after the ELO process revealed a relatively smooth interface roughness for the GaAs and GaAs1–yPy samples plus the InxGa1–xAs samples over a composition range from x = 0 to x = 0.075, indicating that the growth mechanism is controlled by a two-dimensional (2D) layer-by-layer mode. For In0.10Ga0.90As samples, however, a transition from a 2D layer-by-layer to a three-dimensional (3D) islanding growth mode was obtained.