gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Two Novel Dual Band-Notched UWB Antennas (2012)

Two novel dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) printed monopole antennas with simple structure and small size are presented. The size of both antennas is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>25</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>25</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> mm 3 . The bandwidth of one of the proposed antenna can be from 2.7 GHz to 36.8 GHz, except the bandwidth of 3.2–3.9 GHz for WiMAX applications and 5.14–5.94 GHz for WLAN applications. The bandwidth of the other is ranging for 2.7 to 41.1 GHz, except the bandwidth of 3.2–3.9 GHz for WiMAX applications and 4.8–5.9 GHz for WLAN applications. Bandwidths of the antennas are about 512% and 455% wider than those of conventional band-notched UWB antennas, respectively. In addition, the time-domain characteristics of the two antennas are investigated to show the difference between both antennas.
Orthodontic retention procedures in Switzerland (2024)

Objective: To survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in Switzerland. Material and methods: A questionnaire previously developed by Renkema et al. (2009) was sent to 223 Swiss orthodontists. The questionnaire comprised six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background education of the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention pro- tocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed. Results: The overall response rate was 65 percent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a combination of fixed and removable retainers. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 87 percent of the orthodontists preferred life-long retention. Ninety-three percent of the orthodontists considered that the development of a guide- line on retention procedures would be useful. Conclusions: The choice of retention procedures is mostly based on orthodontists personal preference. A further research into the long-term effectiveness of individual retention protocols is needed.
Modeling a Slotted Ring Local Area Network (1987)

Models for local area networks of the slotted ring style of architecture are developed and evaluated. The hardware protocol is modeled using a BCMP network. The Basic Block protocol of the Cambridge ring is modeled using an approximate solution method of the fixed-point type. A limited comparison between the Cambridge Ring and another ring architecture—the token ring—is carried out.
STEMM: Self-learning with Speech-text Manifold Mixup for Speech Translation (2022)

How to learn a better speech representation for end-to-end speech-to-text translation (ST) with limited labeled data? Existing techniques often attempt to transfer powerful machine translation (MT) capabilities to ST, but neglect the representation discrepancy across modalities. In this paper, we propose the Speech-TExt Manifold Mixup (STEMM) method to calibrate such discrepancy. Specifically, we mix up the representation sequences of different modalities, and take both unimodal speech sequences and multimodal mixed sequences as input to the translation model in parallel, and regularize their output predictions with a selflearning framework. Experiments on MuST-C speech translation benchmark and further analysis show that our method effectively alleviates the cross-modal representation discrepancy, and achieves significant improvements over a strong baseline on eight translation directions.
Analysis of the natural human IgG antibody repertoire: life‐long stability of reactivities towards self antigens contrasts with age‐dependent diversification of reactivities against bacterial antigens (1995)

We used a quantitative immunoblotting technique to analyze the repertoires of IgG antibody reactivities in the serum of healthy young children, young adult males and aged males with self and non-self antigens. Densitometric patterns of reactivity of purified IgG with self antigens were highly conserved between individuals within a given age group and across age groups. Inter-individual differences were observed, however, upon analysis of self reactivities of IgG in whole serum. A striking heterogeneity between individuals within a given age group and across age groups characterized the reactivity of purified IgG and of IgG in whole serum with bacterial antigens. Inter-individual differences were more marked among aged individuals than among individuals of other age groups. Analysis of variances of reactivities of IgG with bacterial antigens further demonstrated an increased diversity of repertoires of aged donors compared with those of young adults and children. Our results document the stability of the self-reactive repertoires of IgG throughout life, which contrasts with the diversification of the repertoire of IgG antibody reactivities directed toward foreign antigens with aging. These findings support the concept that self-reactive antibody repertoires are positively selected throughout life by a restricted set of self antigens shared by all individuals.
One-step electrochemical synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped, high-quality graphene oxide (2016)

High-quality graphene oxide (GO) with high crystallinity and electrical conductivity as well as in situ doped with nitrogen and sulfur is obtained via the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. Furthermore, iron incorporated GO sheets show promising catalytic activity and stable methanol tolerance durability when used as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Heme oxygenase-1 system in organ transplantation1 (2002)

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) system, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of heme, is among the most critical of cytoprotective mechanisms activated during cellular stress. The cytoprotection may result from the elimination of heme and the function of HO-1 downstream mediators, that is, biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. HO-1 overexpression exerts beneficial effects in a number of transplantation models, including antigen-independent ischemia/reperfusion injury, acute and chronic allograft rejection, and xenotransplantation. The HO-1 system is thought to exert four major functions: (1) antioxidant function; (2) maintenance of microcirculation; (3) modulatory function upon the cell cycle; and (4) anti-inflammatory function. The antioxidant function depends on heme degradation, oxygen consumption, biliverdin, and production of ferritin via iron accumulation. The production of carbon monoxide, which has vasodilation and antiplatelet aggregation properties, maintains tissue microcirculation and may be instrumental in antiapoptotic and cell arrest mechanisms. Heme catabolism and HO-1 overexpression exert profound direct and indirect inhibitory effects on the cascade of host inflammatory responses mediated by neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These anti-inflammatory properties result in cytoprotection in a broad spectrum of graft injury experimental models, including ischemia/reperfusion, acute and chronic allograft, and xenotransplant rejection. Further, the multifaceted targets of HO-1-mediated cytoprotection may simultaneously benefit both local graft function and host systemic immune responses. Thus, the HO-1 system serves as a novel therapeutic concept in organ transplantation.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZYL‐ AND PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN SALTS BASED ON AMINOALKYL METHACRYLATE POLYMERS (1977)

Abstract Die Salze von Benzyl‐ und Phenoxymethylpenicillin mit polymeren Aminen (Polymerisate von Aminoalkylestern der Methacrylsäure sowie deren Copolymerisate mit N‐Vinyl‐pyrrolidon oder Styrol), erhältlich durch Neutralisation der polymeren Basen mit den Penicillinen, zeigen im Vergleich zu den Ausgangspenicillinen erhöhte Wirksamkeit.
Separation of the Absorption Spectra of NO2 and N2O4 in the Range of 2400–5000A (1952)

The individual absorption coefficient curves of NO2 and N2O4, separated by means of a mechanical analog differential analyzer are presented. Beer's law is assumed to be applicable to the system. The range 2400–5000A is covered. A discussion of the apparently continuous nature of the N2O4 absorption is included.
Biodegradation of Methyl <i>tert</i> -Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates by a New Strain, <i>Mycobacterium austroafricanum</i> IFP 2012 (2002)

A strain that efficiently degraded methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was obtained by initial selection on the recalcitrant compound tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). This strain, a gram-positive methylotrophic bacterium identified as Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012, was also able to degrade tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol. Ethyl tert-butyl ether was weakly degraded. tert-Butyl formate and 2-hydroxy isobutyrate (HIBA), two intermediates in the MTBE catabolism pathway, were detected during growth on MTBE. A positive effect of Co2+ during growth of M. austroafricanum IFP 2012 on HIBA was demonstrated. The specific rate of MTBE degradation was 0.6 mmol/h/g (dry weight) of cells, and the biomass yield on MTBE was 0.44 g (dry weight) per g of MTBE. MTBE, TBA, and HIBA degradation activities were induced by MTBE and TBA, and TBA was a good inducer. Involvement of at least one monooxygenase during degradation of MTBE and TBA was shown by (i) the requirement for oxygen, (ii) the production of propylene epoxide from propylene by MTBE- or TBA- grown cells, and (iii) the inhibition of MTBE or TBA degradation and of propylene epoxide production by acetylene. No cytochrome P-450 was detected in MTBE- or TBA-grown cells. Similar protein profiles were obtained after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude extracts from MTBE- and TBA-grown cells. Among the polypeptides induced by these substrates, two polypeptides (66 and 27 kDa) exhibited strong similarities with known oxidoreductases.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An investigation of non-repeatable spindle runout (1987)

Non-repeatable runout of typical ball bearing and fluid spindles for 5-1/4 inch disk drives is investigated using capacitance probe techniques. Statistical methods are applied to calculate the one-sigma value of the non-repeatable runout using both time domain and frequency domain analysis. Fluid spindles exhibit substantially less nonrepeatable runout compared to typical ball bearing spindles.
Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia: study protocol for a two-center, randomized controlled trial (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01921504.
CMK-5 Mesoporous Carbon Synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ferrocene as Catalyst Support for Methanol Oxidation (2008)

A novel and effective method was described in this work to prepare two-dimensional hexagonally ordered mesoporous CMK-5 carbon materials. This method is based on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ferrocene in the mesopores of SBA-15 at 500 °C, followed by graphitization at different temperatures. Both the silica/carbon composite and the resulting CMK-5 were characterized by N2 adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the ferrocene could be used as a new precursor to prepare CMK-5 nanopipes, with pipe thicknesses varying from 0.8 to 2.6 nm, by increasing the CVD time from 20 to 120 min. The resulting CMK-5 exhibits high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area (1044−2449 m2/g) and large pore volume (1.13−2.20 cm3/g). The graphitization degree of the resulting CMK-5 was investigated by pyrolyzing the corresponding silica/carbon composite at different temperatures. Pyrolysis temperatures below 850 °C led to gradually improved graphitization degrees of CMK-5 nanopipes. Pyrolysis temperatures above 850 °C resulted in the partial collapse of ordered CMK-5 nanopipes accompanied by the appearance of a considerable amount of entangled graphitic ribbons. The structural evolution process of CMK-5 from ordered nanopipes to the final entangled graphitic ribbons was observed by HRTEM. The obtained CMK-5 was applied as a catalyst support of Pt for methanol oxidation. The electrochemical activities of Pt nanoparticles loaded on the CMK-5 carbon materials were investigated by cyclic voltammograms and compared with the commercial Pt/Vulcan XC-72 catalyst. It was found that the specific mass activity of Pt/CMK-5 was much higher than Pt/Vulcan XC-72.
Rab 23 is expressed in the glomerulus and plays a role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2008)

An autocrine loop of hedgehog signalling could be activated in mesangial cells in the FSGS state, and Rab23 may be elevated to suppress hedgehog signalling and/or influence collagen synthesis. Importantly, Rab23 could serve as a biomarker that indicates the severity of FSGS.
Users' schemata of hypermedia: what is so ‘spatial’ about a website? (2002)

This study examined users' schemata of hypermedia. It is frequently assumed that users' schemata contain spatial information about how the pages of a website are interconnected. However, it is not clear how these schemata could contain such information when none is presented to the user while he/she is exploring the website. Unfortunately, there has been little research addressing this assumption. Toward that end, the reported study examined the mental representations (i.e. schemata) acquired when using hypermedia by systematically varying the interconnections within a website while holding the information that the website contained constant. Analyses of 40 participants' drawings of the website's organization indicate that drawings largely reflected conceptual (i.e. semantic) relationships, and not the true nature of the website's interconnections. In light of this research, it is suggested that we reevaluate the conjecture that hypermedia is mentally represented in ways similar to the physical world.
Effect of Isomerization on High-Performance Nonfullerene Electron Acceptors (2018)

We design and synthesize two isomeric fused-ring electron acceptors, FNIC1 and FNIC2, which have the same end-groups and side-chains, but isomeric fused-nine-ring cores. Subtle changes in the two isomers influence their electronic, optical, charge-transport, and morphological properties. As compared with FNIC1, FNIC2 film exhibits a red-shifted absorption peak at 794 nm (752 nm for FNIC1), larger electron affinity of 4.00 eV (3.92 eV for FNIC1), smaller ionization energy of 5.56 eV (5.61 eV for FNIC1), and higher electron mobility of 1.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (1.2 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for FNIC1). The as-cast organic solar cells based on PTB7-Th:FNIC2 blends exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.0%, which is significantly higher than that of PTB7-Th:FNIC1-based devices (10.3%). Semitransparent devices based on PTB7-Th:FNIC2 blends exhibit PCEs varying from 9.51% to 11.6% at different average visible transmittance (AVT, 20.3- 13.6%), significantly higher than those of PTB7-Th:FNIC1-based devices (7.58-9.14% with AVT of 20.2- 14.7%).
Increased concentrations of growth factors and activation of the EGFR system in breast cancer (2012)

Our study demonstrated a profound activation of the EGFR system. HB-EGF was increased by factor 10 in cancer tissue and related to the biological aggressiveness of the tumors, and pHER2, HB-EGF and BTC were associated with poor clinical outcome.
Proton Binding to Proteins:  p <i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> Calculations with Explicit and Implicit Solvent Models (2004)

Ionizable residues play important roles in protein structure and activity, and proton binding is a valuable reporter of electrostatic interactions in these systems. We use molecular dynamics free energy simulations (MDFE) to compute proton pKa shifts, relative to a model compound in solution, for three aspartate side chains in two proteins. Simulations with explicit solvent and with an implicit, dielectric continuum solvent are reported. The implicit solvent simulations use the generalized Born (GB) model, which provides an approximate, analytical solution to Poisson's equation. With explicit solvent, the direction of the pKa shifts is correct in all three cases with one force field (AMBER) and in two out of three cases with another (CHARMM). For two aspartates, the dielectric response to ionization is found to be linear, even though the separate protein and solvent responses can be nonlinear. For thioredoxin Asp26, nonlinearity arises from the presence of two substates that correspond to the two possible orientations of the protonated carboxylate. For this side chain, which is partly buried and has a large pKa upshift, very long simulations are needed to correctly sample several slow degrees of freedom that reorganize in response to the ionization. Thus, nearby Lys57 rotates to form a salt bridge and becomes buried, while three waters intercalate along the opposite edge of Asp26. Such strong and anisotropic reorganization is very difficult to predict with Poisson-Boltzmann methods that only consider electrostatic interactions and employ a single protein structure. In contrast, MDFE with a GB dielectric continuum solvent, used for the first time for pKa calculations, can describe protein reorganization accurately and gives encouraging agreement with experiment and with the explicit solvent simulations.
Evaluating the Thermal Condition of Electrical Equipment via IRT Image Analysis (2012)

The integrity of electrical power equipment is of paramount importance when it supplies electricity throughout a facility. However, the reliability of the equipments will degraded after sometime, and appropriate maintenance has to be taken accordingly to avoid future faults. Infrared thermography (IRT) image analysis is a commonly used technique for diagnosing the reliability of electrical equipments. Conventionally, the analysis of infrared image is done manually and takes very long time for further analysis. This paper proposes an automatic thermal fault detection and classification system for evaluating the condition of electrical equipment by analyzing its infrared image. First, the image is segmented to find the target region of interest (ROI). The detected regions which have the same region properties are grouped together in order to remove the unwanted regions. Finally, statistical features from each detected region are extracted and classified using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The thermal condition of electrical equipments is evaluated based on qualitative measurement technique. The experimental result shows that the proposed system can detect and classify the thermal condition of electrical equipments.
An Improved Method for Preparation of Uniform and Functional Mitochondria from Fresh Liver (2019)

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> As the major energy source for mammalian cells, mitochondria have been the subject of numerous studies. However, the isolation and purification of healthy mitochondria, especially from fresh tissue, remains challenging. The most popular methods and kits involve various centrifugation steps which require substantial time and equipment but do not consistently provide pure preparations of functional mitochondria. The aim of this study was to determine whether methods could be devised to improve the purity and yield of functional mitochondria from fresh tissue. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fresh mouse liver was homogenized, and cells lysed. Particle size analysis, quantitation of mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and purity of mitochondria (by electron microscopy) were measured in samples after various purification steps and significant differences determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A two-step procedure consisting of centrifugation followed by filtration through 1.2μ and 0.8μ filters resulted in uniform mitochondrial preparations with diameters between 520-540 nm, and approximately 5-times more pure samples. The mitochondria thus obtained had oxygen consumption and sensitivities to mitochondrial inhibitors that were indistinguishable from those purified by centrifugation alone. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of more uniform and 4-5 times greater concentrations of mitochondria compared to centrifugation alone. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A two-step procedure consisting of sequential centrifugation followed by filtration is a rapid method for the production of highly purified, uniform and functional mitochondria.
Novel synthesis of [1‐<sup>11</sup>C]<i>γ</i>‐vinyl‐<i>γ</i>‐aminobutyric acid ([1–<sup>11</sup>C]GVG) for pharmacokinetic studies of addiction treatment (2002)

Abstract γ ‐Vinyl‐ γ ‐aminobutyric acid (GVG, Vigabatrin ® ), a suicide inhibitor of GABA‐transaminase (GABA‐T), has been suggested as a new drug for the treatment of substance abuse. In order to better understand its pharmacokinetics and potential side effects, we have developed a radiosynthesis of carbon‐11 ( t 1/2 =20 min) labeled GVG for positron emission tomographic (PET) studies. We report here a novel synthetic strategy to prepare the precursor and to efficiently label GVG with C‐11. 5‐Bromo‐3‐(carbobenzyloxy)amino‐1‐pentene was synthesized in five steps from homoserine lactone, including reduction and methylenation. This was used in a one‐pot, two‐step radiosynthesis. Displacement of bromide with no‐carrier‐added [ 11 C]cyanide followed by acid hydrolysis afforded [1‐ 11 C]GVG with decay corrected radiochemical yields of 27±9% ( n =6, not optimized) with respect to [ 11 C]cyanide in a synthesis time of 45 min. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
l-Arginine grafted alginate hydrogel beads: A novel pH-sensitive system for specific protein delivery (2014)

Novel pH-sensitive hydrogels based on l-arginine grafted alginate (Arg-g-Alg) hydrogel beads were synthesized and utilized as a new carrier for protein delivery (BSA) in specific pH media. l-arginine was grafted onto the polysaccharide backbone of virgin alginate via amine functions. Evidences of grafting of alginate were extracted from FT-IR and thermal analysis, while the morphological structure of Arg-g-Alg hydrogel beads was investigated by SEM photographs. Factors affecting on the grafting process e.g. l-arginine concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, reaction pH, and crosslinking conditions, have been studied. Whereas, grafting efficiency of each factor was evaluated. Grafting of alginate has improved both thermal and morphological properties of Arg-g-Alg hydrogel beads. The swelling behavior of Arg-g-Alg beads was determined as a function of pH and compared with virgin calcium alginate beads. The cumulative in vitro release profiles of BSA loaded beads were studied at different pHs for simulating the physiological environments of the gastrointestinal tract. The amount of BSA released from neat alginate beads at pH 2 was almost 15% after 5 h, while the Arg-g-Alg beads at the same conditions were clearly higher than 45%, then it increased to 90% at pH 7.2. Accordingly, grafting of alginate has improved its release profile behavior particularly in acidic media. The preliminary results clearly suggested that the Arg-g-Alg hydrogel may be a potential candidate for polymeric carrier for oral delivery of protein or drugs.