gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo switch to IL-10–secreting T regulatory cells in high dose allergen exposure (2008)

High dose bee venom exposure in beekeepers by natural bee stings represents a model to understand mechanisms of T cell tolerance to allergens in healthy individuals. Continuous exposure of nonallergic beekeepers to high doses of bee venom antigens induces diminished T cell-related cutaneous late-phase swelling to bee stings in parallel with suppressed allergen-specific T cell proliferation and T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine secretion. After multiple bee stings, venom antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells show a switch toward interleukin (IL) 10-secreting type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells. T cell regulation continues as long as antigen exposure persists and returns to initial levels within 2 to 3 mo after bee stings. Histamine receptor 2 up-regulated on specific Th2 cells displays a dual effect by directly suppressing allergen-stimulated T cells and increasing IL-10 production. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed death 1 play roles in allergen-specific T cell suppression. In contrast to its role in mucosal allergen tolerance, transforming growth factor beta does not seem to be an essential player in skin-related allergen tolerance. Thus, rapid switch and expansion of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells and the use of multiple suppressive factors represent essential mechanisms in immune tolerance to a high dose of allergens in nonallergic individuals.
Reduced frictional resistance of polyurethane catheter by means of a surface coating procedure (1996)

Polyurethane and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated polyurethane catheter surfaces were characterized by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and were compared in terms of wettability and adhesion and friction properties by scanning force microscopy (SFM). Using TOF-SIMS, the presence of hard segments in the first layers of the polyurethane catheter were shown, and the presence of a PVP coating on the modified catheters was clearly identified. The PVP coating induced a hydrophilic surface after immersion of the catheters in water for several hours. When SFM experiments were carried out in water, the adhesive force developed between the PVP-coated surface and the tip became immeasurably small. Tribometric measurements along a 500-nm scan line quantified friction coefficients of 0.05 for the coated catheter and 0.50 for the native polyurethane catheter. The PVP coating on catheters provided smooth, soft, and nonadhesive surface properties, which would minimize difficulties during their insertion into the vessels of the patient. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EXTENSION EDUCATION ON A CONTROVERSIAL TAX PROGRAM (1969)

Historically, Cooperative Extension Service programs have been formulated and carried out in relatively quiet educational environments and, for the most part, insulated from overt adverse actions and criticisms from the "outside."Few extension personnel, therefore, have experience in conducting programs in an
A Survey of<i>L</i><sub>1</sub>Regression (2013)

Summary L 1 regularization, or regularization with an L 1 penalty, is a popular idea in statistics and machine learning. This paper reviews the concept and application of L 1 regularization for regression. It is not our aim to present a comprehensive list of the utilities of the L 1 penalty in the regression setting. Rather, we focus on what we believe is the set of most representative uses of this regularization technique, which we describe in some detail. Thus, we deal with a number of L 1 ‐regularized methods for linear regression, generalized linear models, and time series analysis. Although this review targets practice rather than theory, we do give some theoretical details about L 1 ‐penalized linear regression, usually referred to as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso).
Rational design of Gunn- and l.s.a.-diode electrodes (1968)

Electrode design for GaAs bulk-effect oscillator diodes has been largely empirical. A ‘good’ contact is not merely ‘ohmic’. It is important to use more precise criteria. In fact, contacts suitable for Gunn diodes may be quite unsatisfactory for l.s.a. diodes.
Barium Nitrate (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTBarium NitrateJay A. Young View Author Information Chemical Consultant, Silver Spring, MD 20904-3105Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1, 34Publication Date (Web):January 1, 2006Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 2006Published inissue 1 January 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p34RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (64 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Anions,Barium Get e-Alerts
Delayed password disclosure (2007)

We present a new authentication protocol called Delayed Password Disclosure. Based on the traditional username and password paradigm, the protocol's goal is aimed at reducing the effectiveness of phishing/spoofing attacks that are becoming increasingly problematic for Internet users. This is done by providing the user with dynamic feedback while password entry occurs. While this is a process that would normally be frowned upon by the cryptographic community, we argue that it may result in more effective security than that offered by currently proposed "cryptographically acceptable" alternatives. While the protocol cannot prevent partial disclosure of one's password to the phisher, it does provide a user with the tools necessary to recognize an ongoing phishing attack, and prevent the disclosure of his/her entire password, providing graceful security degradation.
Disposable Plastic Liners for a Colostomy Appliance (2000)

In Brief Purpose The effectiveness of a disposable liner designed for a 2-piece colostomy appliance pouch was evaluated. Design Randomized, crossover trial with follow-up surveys. Setting and Subjects Nineteen participants were recruited from the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, and the surrounding community. Instruments A Daily Colostomy Care Evaluation Record and tally sheet of times for ostomy care were designed by the authors. Methods Participants, acting as their own controls, were randomly assigned to use either an unlined or a lined appliance for 9 days. On day 10, participants switched to the opposite regimen, which was maintained through day 18. They recorded the time required for daily colostomy care and perceptions of the lined and unlined appliances. The volume of ostomy supplies and cost were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 to 9 months after the initial trial. Results Odor, bother, perceived severity of leakage, and partner acceptance were better with unlined than lined appliances. Half of the participants were using a liner ≥75% of the time 3 months after the trial. There was no difference in cost when lined versus unlined ostomy systems were compared. Participants who chose to use the liners indicated high satisfaction. Problems noted included an inadequate seal with the liner (58%), inadequate liner size (16%), retention of flatus by the liner (11%), and difficulty removing the full liner (11%). Conclusions The study supports recommending liners to patients who have a modest amount of fecal output or flatus. However, patients who are unable to manipulate the seal or have a large output volume are unlikely to find the liners a convenience. Satisfaction with the liners was sufficient to warrant investigation and design of a lined device with an improved design, greater capacity, and tighter seal. An investigation of the utility and patient satisfaction associated with the use of a disposable plastic liner for patients with colostomies.
Inhibition of ZAP-70 Kinase Activity via an Analog-sensitive Allele Blocks T Cell Receptor and CD28 Superagonist Signaling (2008)

ZAP-70 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is required for T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. Both mice and humans deficient in ZAP-70 fail to develop functional T cells, thus demonstrating its necessity for T cell development and function. There is currently no highly specific, cell-permeable, small molecule inhibitor for ZAP-70; therefore, we generated a mutant ZAP-70 allele that retains kinase activity but is sensitive to inhibition by a mutant-specific inhibitor. We validated the chemical genetic inhibitor system in Jurkat T cell lines, where the inhibitor blocked ZAP-70-dependent TCR signaling in cells expressing the analog-sensitive allele. Interestingly, the inhibitor also ablated CD28 superagonist signaling, thereby demonstrating the utility of this system in dissecting the requirement for ZAP-70 in alternative mechanisms of T cell activation. Thus, we have developed the first specific chemical means of inhibiting ZAP-70 in cells, which serves as a valuable tool for studying the function of ZAP-70 in T cells.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Sulfate Conjugates at 6-Position of N-Substituted Normorphine Derivatives. (1991)

Three pairs of N-substituted normorphine derivatives and the sulfate conjugates at the 6-position were tested for the analgesic and antagonistic activities and the development of physical dependence in mice. The compounds examined were nalorphine, nalorphine-6-sulfate (N-6-S), N-cyclopropylmethylnormorphine (CPN), N-cyclopropylmethylnormorphine-6-sulfate (C-6-S), N-dimethylallylnormorphine (DMN) and N-dimethylallylnormorphine-6-sulfate (D-6-S). The latter two pairs were newly synthesized. The analgesic activity of C-6-S and D-6-S was equipotent to that of CPN and DMN by the acetic acid writhing test on the s.c. injection, and the activity of N-6-S was about 2 times more potent than that of nalorphine. The antagonistic activity of N-6-S, C-6-S and D-6-S to morphine analgesia was higher than that of the parent compounds by the tail pinch test on i.c.v. injection. A withdrawal sign was seen in mice treated chronically with CPN, C-6-S and N-6-S by challenge with naloxone, whereas the mice treated with DMN, D-6-S and nalorphine showed no such sign. The effect of sulfation at the 6-position on the development of physical dependence was not well associated with the effect on agonistic and antagonistic activities.
Code Completion from Abbreviated Input (2009)

Abbreviation Completion is a novel technique to improve the efficiency of code-writing by supporting code completion of multiple keywords based on non-predefined abbreviated input - a different approach from conventional code completion that finds one keyword at a time based on an exact character match. Abbreviated input is expanded into keywords by a Hidden Markov Model learned from a corpus of existing code. The technique does not require the user to memorize abbreviations and provides incremental feedback of the most likely completions. This paper presents the algorithm for abbreviation completion, integrated with a new user interface for multiple-keyword completion. We tested the system by sampling 3000 code lines from open source projects and found that more than 98% of the code lines could be resolved from acronym-like abbreviations. A user study found 30% reduction in time usage and 41% reduction of keystrokes over conventional code completion.
The Effects of Cross-Linked Hemoglobin on Regional Vascular Conductance in Dogs (1997)

Hemoglobin (Hgb) solutions cause systemic vasoconstriction, which might limit their use as intraoperative blood substitutes.This constriction is thought to be caused by interaction between Hgb and nitric oxide (NO). To determine whether alpha-alpha cross-linked hemoglobin (XL-Hgb) interferes with NO-mediated vasodilation caused by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NTP), we infused these compounds into the femoral, superior mesenteric, and circumflex coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs (n = 6) before and after partial exchange transfusion with XL-Hgb. Additional animals (n = 6) were studied after treatment with 5% albumin. XL-Hgb administration increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 81 +/- 5 to 112 +/- 8 (P < 0.05). Albumin reduced MAP from 84 +/- 4 mm Hg to 76 +/- 4 mm Hg (P < 0.05). Vascular conductance after XL-Hgb decreased in the femoral artery, was not changed in the mesenteric bed, and increased modestly in the coronary artery (from 0.19 +/- 0.03 to 0.26 +/- 0.02 mL [center dot] mm Hg-1 [center dot] min-1, P < 0.05). After albumin, conductance was unchanged in the femoral artery and increased in the mesenteric artery. Conductance also increased in the coronary bed (from 0.25 +/- 0.02 to 0.49 +/- 0.03 mL [center dot] mm Hg-1 [center dot] min-1, P < 0.05). The vasodilator response to ACh in the femoral or mesenteric beds was either unaffected or augmented by either XL-Hgb or albumin. In the coronary bed, XL-Hgb blunted the dilator responses to ACh and NTP, while albumin augmented the coronary dilator responses to ACh. In five additional dogs, the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl L-arginine caused MAP to increase from 85 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 8 mm Hg and blunted the coronary dilator responses to ACh by approximately 25%. Subsequent XL-Hgb administration caused a further increase in MAP to 112 +/- 19 mm Hg (P < 0.05) and also further blunted ACh-mediated vasodilator responses in the coronary circulation. XL-Hgb has complex effects on the circulatory system, including a reduction in the vasodilator responses to ACh and NTP in canine coronary arteries in vivo. The potential impact of these events on patients with significant coexisting disease is unclear. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:265-73)
Rheological Study for Surfactant-Polymer and Novel Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer Solutions (2012)

Summary Mobility control during chemical flooding is one of the most important factors for enhanced oil recovery using chemical processes. Polymers are used to increase the viscosity of the injected fluid and improve the sweep efficiency by having a favorable mobility ratio during chemical flooding. Characterization of rheological properties of the surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkali-surfactant-polymer solutions is important for understanding the behavior of chemical slug in porous media. An experimental study was conducted to measure the rheological properties of chemical flooding solution over a wide range of parameters. Effects of temperature, salt type, salt concentration, surfactant type and surfactant concentration on dilute aqueous solution of polymer used for high salinity enhanced oil recovery applications were investigated in details. In some cases the chemical slug was prepared in seawater and viscosity measurement was conducted at 90°C. Amphoteric surfactant was used and showed compatibility with polymer solution and can be used in chemical flooding. Effect of concentrations of two types of surfactants, anionic and amphotaric on chemical slug viscosity was studied. Amphotaric surfactant was found to have a preferable rheological attributes when compared to anionic surfactant. Amphoteric surfactant can maintain viscosity of chemical solution at high salinity and no reduction in viscosity was noticed when this type of surfactant was added to the solution. On the other hand, reduction in viscosity was measured when anionic surfactant was added to the solution. Dynamic properties showed reduction when salts were added to the solutions.
Observations on the DDQ Oxidation of 1-Acyldihydropyridines - A Synthetic Application (2001)

A synthetic application of the rate difference in oxidation of regioisomerically substituted N-acyldihydropyridines is reported. This has allowed for isolation of pure 4-substituted pyridine isomers without the need for chromatography. Diels-Alder adducts between a dihydropyridine and DDQ were isolated and formation of novel hydroquinone ethers was also observed during some reactions.
Detailed routing of multi-terminal nets in FPGAs (2002)

We present a multi-terminal routing algorithm for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The routing problem for the FPGAs is difficult due to the preplaced routing segments that can be connected only by the pre-existing switches. We describe a sequential router that routes multi-terminal nets in a single stage, i.e., global routing is not required. The multi-terminal routing greatly reduces the total wire length as the multi-terminal tree approximates the steiner tree as opposed to a minimum cost spanning tree. Our router requires very small channel width. In addition, our router places an upper bound on the worst case delay by routing a multi-terminal net within its bounding box. Within the bounding box each terminal is routed in a distance that is less than or equal to the max(l(i,o)), where o is an output pin, i is an input pin, and l(i,o) is the Manhattan distance between an input and output pin. Our router has generated excellent routing results for some of the industrial circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computational Study on Acoustic Features of Fan Model With Leaned Stators (2014)

Results of numerical calculations of fan tone noise for three variants of swept stator are presented. In the first variant the stator vanes are not leaned. In the second variant stator vanes are leaned on 30 degrees in the direction of rotor rotation and in the last variant the vanes are leaned on 30 degrees in the opposite direction. Calculations are carried out for approach fan operational conditions. These results are compared with the experimental data for the fan under consideration obtained in the Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM) C-3A acoustic test facility. Comparison showed that the method can be used for qualitative estimation of tone noise variation with the change of stator lean.
Predicting gene expression using DNA methylation in two human populations (2018)

Background. DNA methylation, an important epigenetic mark, is well known for its regulatory role in gene expression, especially the negative regulation in the promoter region. However, its correlation with gene expression at population level has not been well studied. In particular, it is unclear if genome-wide DNA methylation profile of an individual can predict her/his gene expression profile. Previous studies were mostly limited to association analyses between single CpG site methylation and gene expression. It is not known whether DNA methylation of a gene has enough prediction power to serve as a surrogate for gene expression in existing human study cohorts with DNA samples but not RNA samples. Results. We studied two human population datasets, Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource Projects (MuTHER)’s Adipose tissue as well as asthma and normal peoples’ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), for predicting gene expression using methylation of all CpG sites from the gene region. Three prediction models were investigated; single linear regression, multiple linear regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression. Our results showed that LASSO regression has superior performance among these methods. However, even with LASSO regression, very small prediction R2 was obtained for the majority of genes and only about one thousand genes had prediction R2 greater than 0.1. GO term and pathway analyses of these more predictable genes showed that they are enriched for immune and defense genes. Conclusion. In human populations, DNA methylation of CpG sites at gene region have weak prediction power for gene expression. The relatively more predictable genes tend to be defense and immune genes.
Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Intravenous Acyclovir in the Management of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (2001)

These data support the use of a 21-day course of HD (60 mg/kg/d) intravenous acyclovir to treat neonatal CNS and disseminated HSV disease. Throughout the course of HD acyclovir therapy, serial ANC determination should be made at least twice weekly. Decreasing the acyclovir dosage or administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor should be considered if the ANC remains below 500/mm(3) for a prolonged period.
A novel fault location algorithm for multi-terminal lines using phasor measurement units (2005)

This paper presents a new PMU-based fault location algorithm for EHV multi-terminal transmission lines. The development of the algorithm is based on distributed transmission line model and synchronized positive sequence voltage and current phasors. The method does not require fault type identification and its computational cost is very low since it does not require iterative operations. The EMTP/ATP simulator was adopted to verify the accuracy of the method. The simulation studies show that the algorithm provides a high degree of accuracy in fault location. The algorithm is independent of various fault and system conditions such as fault types, fault positions, fault path resistance, pre-fault load flows, and line shunt capacitance, etc.
Anti-idiotypic antibodies elicit anti-HIV-1–specific B cell responses (2019)

Human anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) protect against infection in animal models. However, bNAbs have not been elicited by vaccination in diverse wild-type animals or humans, in part because B cells expressing the precursors of these antibodies do not recognize most HIV-1 envelopes (Envs). Immunogens have been designed that activate these B cell precursors in vivo, but they also activate competing off-target responses. Here we report on a complementary approach to expand specific B cells using an anti-idiotypic antibody, iv8, that selects for naive human B cells expressing immunoglobulin light chains with 5-amino acid complementarity determining region 3s, a key feature of anti-CD4 binding site (CD4bs)-specific VRC01-class antibodies. In mice, iv8 induced target cells to expand and mature in the context of a polyclonal immune system and produced serologic responses targeting the CD4bs on Env. In summary, the results demonstrate that an anti-idiotypic antibody can specifically recognize and expand rare B cells that express VRC01-class antibodies against HIV-1.
Dispersive fading effects in CDMA radio systems (1992)

The effect of multipath delay spread in a code division multiple access (CDMA) radio communications system where multiple PN receivers are used is reported. Ten multipath power delay profiles obtained from measurements in New York City are examined. Results show that the increase of interference due to diffuse uncaptured energy is ∼1–1.4 dB on the average. This increase in interference results in at least 20% capacity reduction in CDMA radio systems.