gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Driver head pose sensing using a capacitive array and a time-of-flight camera (2014)

Improving the safety of vehicle occupants has gained increasing attention among automotive manufacturers and researchers over the past three decades. There is increased potential for injury mitigation techniques to be applied more effectively to vehicle safety systems if the pose (i.e. the position and orientation) of the driver’s head with respect to the Head Restraint (HR) device can be provided to such safety systems in real-time during vehicle operation. This information is valuable to a range of systems including: adaptive HR positioning for whiplash injury mitigation, advanced driver assistance, driver inattention and fatigue detection, and other possible applications. This thesis proposes, implements, and evaluates a new integrated hybrid sensing approach to providing the driver’s head pose both accurately and in real-time by employing two different sensing subsystems inside the vehicle: 1) a novel capacitive proximity sensing array, and 2) an Illumination-Compensated (IC) Time-of-Flight (ToF) range imaging camera. Firstly, for position sensing, a capacitive proximity sensing electrode and array were developed through electrostatic field analysis and then optimized using numerical modeling studies. Experiments (including environmental testing) using a full system prototype of the position sensing array were performed for numerical modeling validation and accuracy testing. Secondly, since orientation sensing (found to be inaccurate with capacitive sensing alone), this work demonstrated how a ToF camera can be utilized to obtain an accurate measurement of the driver’s head pose using a novel light IC technique. A laboratory testbed was also built to accommodate the aforementioned hybrid system. The capacitive array was incorporated inside the frontal compartment of a customized HR device as part of the testbed, and the ToF camera was installed in front of the driver. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the head position can be estimated with a mean Euclidean distance error of 0.33 cm and a Mean Absolute Error in orientation of 3.45° and 1.61° for head yaw and pitch angles, respectively. The thesis also contains a comprehensive introduction to the problem, review of relevant current literature in the area, comparison with the findings of previous related investigations, discussion of the implications of the work and suggestions for future work.
Enhancement of Photodynamic Cancer Therapy by Physical and Chemical Factors (2019)

The viable use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer therapy has never been fully realized because of its undesirable effects on healthy tissues. Herein we summarize some physicochemical factors that can make PDT a more viable and effective option to provide future oncological patients with better-quality treatment options. These physicochemical factors include light sources, photosensitizer (PS) carriers, microwaves, electric fields, magnetic fields, and ultrasound. This Review is meant to provide current information pertaining to PDT use, including a discussion of in vitro and in vivo studies. Emphasis is placed on the physicochemical factors and their potential benefits in overcoming the difficulty in transitioning PDT into the medical field. Many advanced techniques, such as employing X-rays as a light source, using nanoparticle-loaded stem cells and bacteriophage bio-nanowires as a photosensitizer carrier, as well as integration with immunotherapy, are among the future directions.
Left Ventricular Performance Following Digitalization in Patients with and without Heart Failure (1964)

Nine patients, three with left ventricular failure and six with compensated heart disease, were studied by means of right and transseptal left heart catheterization during acute digitalization with acetyl strophanthidin. One of the patients with heart failure and a compensated subject with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were also studied during supine left leg exercise. In the decompensated group, digitalization produced a decrease in heart rate and increases in stroke index, stroke work, mean stroke power, mean systolic ejection rate, and the rate of pressure rise in the left ventricle. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were markedly lowered after digitalization. In the compensated group, no significant changes in cardiac index, stroke index, or mean systolic ejection rate were observed. Although there were small increases in stroke work and power and moderate decreases in left ventricular diastolic pressures, the most striking finding was an increase in the rate of rise of left ventricular systolic pressure. Digitalization produced considerable improvement in the circulatory response to light exercise in a patient with left ventricular failure. Less marked improvement in the exercise response was observed in a patient with normal hemodynamics. After digitalization, left ventricular function points plotted on the stroke work end-diastolic pressure diagram tended to shift upward and to the left in both decompensated and compensated patients. The shift of function points was most prominent in the decompensated group. This study demonstrates that, in the presence of myocardial failure, acetyl strophanthidin markedly augments left ventricular performance. Furthermore, the data suggest that digitalization also improves left ventricular performance in patients with left ventricular enlargement but no clinical manifestations of heart failure.
Influence of intraperitoneal anesthesia on pain and the sympathoadrenal response to abdominal surgery (1988)

The effects of intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine on pain and the sympathoadrenal response to surgery were studied in a double-blind randomized trial in 19 patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Bupivacaine (2 mg/kg) was dissolved in 300 ml isotonic saline and administered into the peritoneal cavity 10 min before the operation (n = 9). Saline was administered in a comparable group of patients (n = 10). There were no significant differences in pain scores between the groups during the first day after surgery (P greater than 0.05). Postoperative requirements of pethidine during the first 2 days after surgery did not differ significantly between the groups. Blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the bupivacaine-treated group 1 h (P less than 0.05) and 4 h (P less than 0.05) after skin incision. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol levels during and after surgery. Differences between the groups regarding urine output of catecholamines during the first and second postoperative days were not significant. Our results suggest that single administration of a local anesthetic intraperitoneally does not reduce pain or the sympathoadrenal response to upper abdominal surgery.
High‐Density Lipoprotein as Carrier for Amyloid‐related Protein SAA in Rabbit Serum (1979)

In this study present evidence that SAA is complexed to high density lipoprotein (HDL) in rabbit serum and is co-isolated with HDL apoproteins. The binding of SAA to HDL seems to be quite strong, judged from affinity chromatography experiments. The studies did not reveal any interaction between SAA and albumin, and there was no evidence that SAA could complex to itself. By isolation of HDL apoproteins, SAA seems to behave like other known apoproteins and may be characterized as an apoprotein that is present in normal serum in very low concentration but increases in concentration under different unphysiological circumstances.
Robust Hashing With Local Models for Approximate Similarity Search (2014)

Similarity search plays an important role in many applications involving high-dimensional data. Due to the known dimensionality curse, the performance of most existing indexing structures degrades quickly as the feature dimensionality increases. Hashing methods, such as locality sensitive hashing (LSH) and its variants, have been widely used to achieve fast approximate similarity search by trading search quality for efficiency. However, most existing hashing methods make use of randomized algorithms to generate hash codes without considering the specific structural information in the data. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing method, namely, robust hashing with local models (RHLM), which learns a set of robust hash functions to map the high-dimensional data points into binary hash codes by effectively utilizing local structural information. In RHLM, for each individual data point in the training dataset, a local hashing model is learned and used to predict the hash codes of its neighboring data points. The local models from all the data points are globally aligned so that an optimal hash code can be assigned to each data point. After obtaining the hash codes of all the training data points, we design a robust method by employing l2,1 -norm minimization on the loss function to learn effective hash functions, which are then used to map each database point into its hash code. Given a query data point, the search process first maps it into the query hash code by the hash functions and then explores the buckets, which have similar hash codes to the query hash code. Extensive experimental results conducted on real-life datasets show that the proposed RHLM outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of search quality and efficiency.
Design of HWSI multichip modules for quick prototyping and manufacturing (2002)

The constraints imposed by the semicustom approach on multichip module designs are studied using a design case that interconnects a 144-input/output (I/O) microprocessor and four memory chips. The results show that semicustom hybrid wafer-scale-integration (HWSI) has enough real estate for complex designs even with the constraints on interconnection: a low inductance level (<0.2 nH) per power/ground (P/G) connection, even with an additional connection from a solder bump to a near thermal via; and alternative thermal management schemes to replace the ineffective thermal paths using solder bumps and thermal vias. These schemes use a custom-designed standard substrate for high-power chips, an alternative thermal path having enhanced gap conduction, or a compact immersion cooling design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micro Seismic Power Generator Using Electret Polymer Film (2004)

Recently, in order to meet the increasing demand of power consumption of electronic devices, Power MEMS is attracting attention which aim is to generate power inside the electronic devices. The object of the-present research is to develop a micro power generator that converts kinetic energy into electricity. Electrostatic induction power generation using electret is adopted as the power generation principle for its benefits in micro scale. The electret film is made of CYTOP(fuluorocarbon polymer), and a corona charging method is employed to get charge density up to 0.7mC/m^2. In preliminary experiment, 0.25μW power generation is obtained with sinusoidal oscillation of 1mm amplitude at 10Hz.
A Quantitative Complement Fixation Test: Titration of Luetic Sera by the Unit of 50 Per Cent Hemolysis (1950)

Summary A quantitative complement fixation test employing the unit of 50 per cent hemolysis has been described in detail. In practice the test proved highly sensitive, specific and relatively simple to carry out. Only two 50 per cent hemolytic units were used. This contrasts with the multiple 50 per cent units recommended by other investigators. The underlying advantages and possible applications of the test have been discussed.
An auto exposure control algorithm based on lane recognition for on-board camera (2015)

In order to obtain the accurate exposure time in real-time for an on-board camera in different urban environments, the proposed algorithm divides captured image into 5×5 sub-areas, calculates each sub-area's average brightness value to get a histogram, analyzes the peak value distribution in histogram to determine what environments the automobile is in. According to the environment the automobile works in, the algorithm includes two modes: normal lit condition and high-contrast lit condition. It executes the appropriate exposure adjustment mechanism for two modes by analyzing their brightness distribution in different environments. To avoid the interference of other factors like the sky, the algorithm marks the road surface be the regions of interest in real time. Besides, the optimization goal is not mid-tone at all but the maximum difference between lane and background in the region of interest. The experimental results show that the algorithm can rapidly and stably switch exposure mode when the automobile is traveling in different road conditions, and it can get accurate exposure time in both modes fast and accurately.
A Simplified Method for Predicting Aerodynamics of Multi-Fin Weapons. (1999)

Abstract : A new semiempirical method was developed to compute aerodynamics of multi-fin missile configurations using cruciform missile aerodynamics as a baseline. The method was developed using full Euler Computational Fluid Dynamics codes to compare computations with wind tunnel data bases for cruciform missiles as a function of Mach number, angle of attack, and aspect ratio. The Euler codes were then used for the same free stream conditions and missile configurations except the number of fins were increased from four to six and eight respectively. A table of coefficients was then formed for the aerodynamics of six- and eight-fin configurations compared to that of four-fin cases for use in the aeroprediction code or other semiempirical codes. It was concluded that this approach worked well except for subsonic Mach numbers at moderate to large angles of attack, where the Euler codes failed to predict the leeward plane flow field adequately. It is believed that full Navier-Stokes solutions could be used to improve upon this semiempirical model. Engineering judgement, in conjunction with low angle-of-attack Euler solutions were used in the regions where Euler solutions were suspect. In comparing the new semiempirical method to a limited amount of wind tunnel data on several configurations, it was concluded that the model worked well at all the conditions where data was available. However, additional wind tunnel data at higher angles of attack on six- and eight-fin configurations is needed before the method can be truly validated.
Trypsin-Catalyzed Cross-Linking of α,ω-Triethoxysilyl-Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane: An Experimental and Computational Approach (2010)

Dibutyltin dilaurate is typically employed as a catalyst to bring about the hydrolysis, and subsequent condensation, of silicones to form cross-linked networks in the room temperature vulcanization (RTV) process. However, given the interest in using silicones as biomaterials, sealants, and lubricants, potentially toxic tin-based catalysts can limit the use of silicones in these applications. This study describes the use of enzymes as catalysts for the cross-linking of silicones in place of the more toxic catalyst systems such as those based on tin. The results indicate that trypsin effectively catalyzes the cross-linking of α,ω-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl-polydimethylsiloxane (TES-PDMS), similar to dibutyltin dilaurate; 29Si-NMR experiments revealed little difference between the products of the dibutyltin dilaurate- and trypsin-catalyzed systems. Computational methods are being employed to determine the mechanism occurring within the enzymes’ active site during the RTV process. The computational studies have demonstrated that the enzyme-catalyzed cross-linking mechanism displays components of both natural trypsin chemistry as well as solution-phase silicon chemistry. The use of these techniques in the development of enzyme-based methodologies for performing “green” silicone reactions will be discussed.
Care Management in Wales: Perceptions of Front-line Workers (1997)

This paper describes how front-line workers in Wales experience care management. A minority of workers felt that the aims of community care were being achieved whilst few of the core tasks of care management were felt by a majority of respondents to be working well. Lack of time and resources were viewed as major constraints upon good care management practice and infrastructure supports were found to be inadequate. The findings raise key questions over the structure and practice of care (case) management and point to a number of areas in which policy and practice might be improved.
Cut Redistribution With Directed-Self-Assembly Templates for Advanced 1-D Gridded Layouts (2017)

Directed-self-assembly (DSA) technology is a promising candidate for cut printing in sub-10nm 1-D gridded designs, where cuts might need to be redistributed such that they could be patterned by DSA guiding templates. In this paper, we first propose a linear-time optimal dynamic-programming-based algorithm for a special case of the template guided cut redistribution problem, where there is at most one dummy wire segment on a track. We then extend our algorithm to general cases by applying a bipartite matching algorithm to decompose a general problem to a set of subproblems conforming to the special case (thus each of them can be solved optimally). Our resulting algorithm can achieve a provably good performance bound, with the cost of a template distribution only linearly to the problem size. Experimental results show that our algorithm can resolve all spacing rule violations, with smaller running times, compared with the previous works on a set of common benchmarks. In addition, we also extend our algorithm to consider general design rules, simple templates, and dummy cuts.
Isolation and Characterization of Homogentisate Phytyltransferase Genes from <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis (2002)

Tocopherols, synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, are micronutrients with antioxidant properties that play important roles in animal and human nutrition. Because of these health benefits, there is considerable interest in identifying the genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis to allow transgenic alteration of both tocopherol levels and composition in agricultural crops. Tocopherols are generated from the condensation of phytyldiphosphate and homogentisic acid (HGA), followed by cyclization and methylation reactions. Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) performs the first committed step in this pathway, the phytylation of HGA. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to identify candidate genes, slr1736 and HPT1, that encode HPT from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis, respectively. These two genes encode putative membrane-bound proteins, and contain amino acid residues highly conserved with other prenyltransferases of the aromatic type. A Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 null mutant obtained by insertional inactivation did not accumulate tocopherols, and was rescued by the Arabidopsis HPT1 ortholog. The membrane fraction of wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was capable of catalyzing the phytylation of HGA, whereas the membrane fraction from the slr1736 null mutant was not. The microsomal membrane fraction of baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 were also able to perform the phytylation reaction, verifying HPT activity of the protein encoded by this gene. In addition, evidence that antisense expression of HPT1 in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced seed tocopherol levels, whereas seed-specific sense expression resulted in increased seed tocopherol levels, is presented.
A Broadband and Scalable Lumped Element Model for Fully Symmetric Inductors Under Single-Ended and Differentially Driven Operations (2007)

A broadband and scalable 2-T model is developed to accurately simulate fully symmetric inductors with various dimensions. The 2-T model is defined to reflect the structure of an equivalent circuit with two identical T-model circuits. Two-step de-embedding is assisted by open and through pads for extraction of intrinsic characteristics. The accuracy is validated by 3-D full- wave electromagnetic simulation. A novel parameter extraction flow is established, and a single set of model parameters is derived to be valid for both single-ended and differentially driven topologies. The broadband accuracy is proven by a good match with S-parameters, L(omega), Re(Zln(omega)), and Q(omega) over frequencies up to 20 GHz. The scalability is justified by good fitting with either a linear or a parabolic function of spiral coil radii. Furthermore, all model parameters are frequency independent so as to ensure computation efficiency. This 2-T model consistently predicts the enhancement of Qmax by 20%-30% for the symmetric inductors under a differential excitation. The Q improvement is even better than 100% over broader frequencies beyond fm (Qmax).
Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of radiation‐induced micronuclei in mammalian cell cultures (1992)

A new flow cytometric method is presented that quantifies the frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei in mammalian cell cultures with high precision. After preparing a suspension of main nuclei and micronuclei stained with ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258, both types of particles are measured simultaneously in a flow cytometer using forward light scatter and three fluorescence emission intensities excited by UV, 488 nm, and by energy transfer from Hoechst 33258 to ethidium bromide. Nonspecific debris overlapping the micronucleus distribution especially in the low fluorescence intensity region was discriminated from micronuclei by calculating ratios of the different fluorescences. The frequencies of radiation-induced micronuclei measured with this new technique agreed well with results obtained by conventional microscopy. The lower limit of the DNA content of micronuclei identified by this technique was found to be about 0.5%-0.75% of the DNA content of G1-phase nuclei. Dose effect curves and the time-dependent induction of micronuclei were measured for two different mouse cell lines.
The synthesis and structural characterization of a <b> <i>N</i> </b>-heterocyclic carbene-substituted palladacycle (2006)

Aytaç Gürhan Gökçea*, M. Emın Günayb, Muhıttın Aygüna, Bekır Çetınkayac & Orhan Büyükgüngörd a Department of Physics , Dokuz Eylul University , Buca–35160, ızmir, Turkey b Department of Chemistry , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın–09010, Turkey c Department of Chemistry , Ege University , Bornova–35100, İzmir, Turkey d Department of Physics , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun–55139, Turkey
Low-cost hybrid integrated 4 × 2578  Gb/s CWDM TOSA for 10  km transmission using DFB-LDs and an arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer (2018)

We have developed a cost-effective and highly compact 100-Gb/s coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) using lens-free hybrid integration. To achieve large alignment tolerances, distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LDs) are butt-coupled to a four-channel silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) arrayed waveguide grating, with the silicon sub-mounts and PLC adhesively bonded. Then, a flexible printed circuit is employed to connect the internal DFB-LDs and the exterior of the TOSA package for radiofrequency signal transmission, eliminating the expensive ceramic feed-through. The packaged CWDM TOSA, which is 15.8  mm×7.0  mm×6.0  mm in size, shows a side-mode suppression ratio of >40  dB, a 3 dB bandwidth of >18  GHz, and error-free transmission with an average optical output power of >0  dBm and dynamic extinction ratio of >4.0  dB at 25.78125 Gb/s over a 10 km single-mode fiber for all four lanes.