gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can InAlN/GaN be an alternative to high power / high temperature AlGaN/GaN devices? (2006)

The performance of novel AlInN/GaN HEMTs for high power / high temperature applications is discussed. With 0.25 mum gate length the highest maximum output current density of more than 2 A/mm at room temperature and more than 3 A/mm at 77 K have been obtained even with sapphire substrates. Cut-off frequencies were f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 50 GHz and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> = 60 GHz for 0.15 mum gate length without T-gate. Pulsed measurements reveal a less unstable surface than in the case of AlGaN/GaN structures. Although limited by buffer layer leakage, with field plates a maximum drain bias of 100 V has been reached with these devices. The high chemical stability of this unstrained heterostructure and its surface has been demonstrated with successful operation at 1000 degC in vacuum
Semirational Approach for Ultrahigh Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Accumulation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Combining One-Step Library Construction and High-Throughput Screening (2016)

As a product of a multistep enzymatic reaction, accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) can be achieved by overexpression of the PHB synthesis pathway from a native producer involving three genes phbC, phbA, and phbB. Pathway optimization by adjusting expression levels of the three genes can influence properties of the final product. Here, we reported a semirational approach for highly efficient PHB pathway optimization in E. coli based on a phbCAB operon cloned from the native producer Ralstonia entropha (R. entropha). Rationally designed ribosomal binding site (RBS) libraries with defined strengths for each of the three genes were constructed based on high or low copy number plasmids in a one-pot reaction by an oligo-linker mediated assembly (OLMA) method. Strains with desired properties were evaluated and selected by three different methodologies, including visual selection, high-throughput screening, and detailed in-depth analysis. Applying this approach, strains accumulating 0%-92% PHB contents in cell dry weight (CDW) were achieved. PHB with various weight-average molecular weights (M<sub>w</sub>) of 2.7-6.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> were also efficiently produced in relatively high contents. These results suggest that the semirational approach combining library design, construction, and proper screening is an efficient way to optimize PHB and other multienzyme pathways.
[Research on slit lamp bio-microscope image analysis system]. (2002)

Slit lamp bio-microscope image analysis system can provide objective and quantitative diagnosis evidences for ophthalmologists and make available efficient storing, management and intercourse of sufferer information and diagnosis results. In this paper, the system is discussed on its devices, software structure, analysis process and algorithm.
Assessment of Operational Performance for an Integrated ‘Power to Synthetic Natural Gas’ System (2021)

This article presents a power to SNG (synthetic natural gas) system that converts hydrogen into SNG via a methanation process. In our analysis, detailed models for all the elements of the system are built. We assume a direct connection between a wind farm and a hydrogen generator. For the purposes of our calculations, we also assume that the hydrogen generator is powered by the renewable source over a nine-hour period per day (between 21:00 and 06:00), and this corresponds to the off-peak period in energy demand. In addition, a hydrogen tank was introduced to maximize the operating time of the methanation reactor. The cooperation between the main components of the system were simulated using Matlab software. The primary aim of this paper is to assess the influence of various parameters on the operation of the proposed system, and to optimize its yearly operation via a consideration of the most important constraints. The analyses also examine different nominal power values of renewables from 8 to 12 MW and hydrogen generators from 3 to 6 MW. Implementing the proposed configuration, taking into account the direct connection of the hydrogen generator and the methanation reactor, showed that it had a positive effect on the dynamics and the operating times of the individual subsystems within the tested configuration.
<title>PtSi Schottky-barrier infrared focal plane array for ASTER/SWIR</title> (1995)

A PtSi Schottky-barrier infrared focal plane array (FPA) has been developed for the short wavelength infrared radiometer (SWIR) of the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER). Six linear image sensors, which correspond to six observation bands, are integrated on the FPA to simplify the cooling system and the optics. Each linear sensor has a stagger layout of 2100 PtSi Schottky-barrier detectors and has an effective fill factor of 100%. The detector size is 20 micrometers by 17 micrometers with a cross-track pitch of 16.5 micrometers and a spacing between adjacent sensors of 1.33 mm. The charge transfer in each linear sensor is carried out by two 4-phase buried-channel CCD shift registers. The driving clock and structure of the CCD are optimized to achieve a large charge handling capacity and low transfer inefficiency. To assure a high reliability and a focal plane flatness, we have developed an original multilayer ceramic package with a filter holding structure. A focal plane flatness less than 14 micrometers and a heat shock endurance over 4000 cycles are achieved by using this packaging technology. The wavelength region between 1.5 micrometers and 2.5 micrometers is separated into six bands by optical band-pass filters attached to the package.
Morphable model of quadrupeds skeletons for animating 3D animals (2005)

Skeletons are at the core of 3D character animation. The goal of this work is to design a morphable model of 3D skeleton for four footed animals, controlled by a few intuitive parameters. This model enables the automatic generation of an animation skeleton, ready for character rigging, from a few simple measurements performed on the mesh of the quadruped to animate.Quadruped animals - usually mammals - share similar anatomical structures, but only a skilled animator can easily translate them into a simple skeleton convenient for animation. Our approach for constructing the morphable model thus builds on the statistical learning of reference skeletons designed by an expert animator. This raises the problems of coping with data that includes both translations and rotations, and of avoiding the accumulation of errors due to its hierarchical structure. Our solution relies on a quaternion representation for rotations and the use of a global frame for expressing the skeleton data. We then explore the dimensionality of the space of quadruped skeletons, which yields the extraction of three intuitive parameters for the morphable model, easily measurable on any 3D mesh of a quadruped. We evaluate our method by comparing the predicted skeletons with user-defined ones on one animal example that was not included into the learning database. We finally demonstrate the usability of the morphable skeleton model for animation.
Lateral solid phase epitaxy of amorphous Si films on Si substrates with SiO2 patterns (1983)

Lateral solid phase epitaxy of amorphous Si films vacuum evaporated on Si substrates with SiO2 patterns has been investigated, in which the films first grow vertically in the region directly contacted to the Si substrates and then grow laterally onto SiO2 patterns. It was found from transmission electron microscopy and Nomarski optical microscopy that the lateral growth occurred in dense amorphous Si films formed by evaporation on heated substrates and subsequent amorphization by Si+ ion implantation, but it hardly occurred in porous films deposited at room temperature. The maximum length of the epitaxial film on SiO2 was about 6 μm after 10-h annealing at 600 °C.
A floating RESURF EDMOS with enhanced safe operating area (2007)

In this paper, a floating RESURF EDMOS (BV=55V, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,sp</sub> =36.5mOmega-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) with 400% enhanced Safe Operating Area (SOA) will be discussed and compared to the conventional EDMOS structure. The proposed EDMOS has both drain and source engineering to enhance SOA, not only via reducing the base resistance of the parasitic bipolar transistor, but also suppressing the base current of the parasitic bipolar transistor at high VGs and high VDs situations. Furthermore, the buried deep Nwell allow the device to have better tradeoff between breakdown voltage and on-resistance.
(Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl (Fmoc) amino acid chlorides. Synthesis, characterization, and application to the rapid synthesis of short peptide segments (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl (Fmoc) amino acid chlorides. Synthesis, characterization, and application to the rapid synthesis of short peptide segmentsLouis A. Carpino, Beri J. Cohen, Kenton E. Stephens Jr., S. Yahya Sadat-Aalaee, Jien Heh Tien, and Denton C. LangridgeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 19, 3732–3734Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00369a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00369a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4293Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apolipoprotein J (2015)

Intense effort and substantial progress have been made to identify the apoJ that relieves atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. More work is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of and the interrelationship between the actions of apoJ and to successfully achieve regression of atherosclerosis by regarding it as a therapeutic endpoint.
Functional Interaction of Region 4 of the Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor FecI with the Cytoplasmic Portion of the FecR Transmembrane Protein of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Ferric Citrate Transport System (2002)

Transcriptional regulation of the ferric citrate transport genes of Escherichia coli is initiated by the binding of ferric citrate to the outer membrane protein FecA. This binding elicits a signal that is transmitted by FecR across the cytoplasmic membrane into the cytoplasm, where the sigma factor FecI directs the RNA polymerase to the promoter upstream of the fecABCDE genes. An in vivo deletion analysis using a bacterial two-hybrid system assigned the interaction of the FecR and FecI proteins to the cytoplasmic portion of the FecR transmembrane protein and region 4 of FecI. Missense mutations randomly generated by PCR were localized to region 4 of FecI, and the mutants were impaired with regard to the interaction of FecR with FecI and fecB-lacZ transcription. The cloned region 4 of FecI interfered with fecB-lacZ transcription. Interaction of N-proximal regions of predicted FecR homologs with region 4 of predicted FecI homologs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated. The interaction was specific in that only cognate protein pairs interacted with each other; no interactions occurred between heterologous combinations of the P. aeruginosa proteins and between a P. aeruginosa FecI homolog and E. coli FecR. The results demonstrate that region 4 of FecI specifically binds FecR and that this binding is necessary for FecI to function as a sigma factor.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Pathophysiology and Management (2002)

Immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a well-defined syndrome. Clinical criteria (thrombocytopenia, resistance to heparin anticoagulation, or thromboses during heparin therapy) are defined, and serologic diagnostic tests are available. Earlier recognition of HIT syndrome has allowed for significant advances in therapy, leading to marked reductions in morbidity and mortality from HIT syndrome. This review addresses the epidemiology, pathobiology, and management of HIT syndrome
Assessing the effects of donor knowledge and perceived risk on intentions to donate blood. (1993)

The need for blood is an important concern to society as a whole. However, many fears associated with the blood donation process inhibit donors from giving. The authors employ structural equations methodology to assess the effects of donor knowledge and perceived risk on the intentions of 430 active and inactive donors to give blood. Results suggest that donor knowledge increases the perceived risk of donating blood and that perceived risk decreases the frequency that donors intend to give. Research and managerial implications for developing marketing strategies to retain existing blood donor pools are discussed.
How Does a Transient Amorphous Precursor Template Crystallization (2007)

Crystallization through metastable phases, such as polymorphism, plays an important role in chemical manufacture, biomineralization, and protein crystallization. However, the kinetics creating the final stable crystalline phase from metastable phases has so far remained unclear. In this study, crystallization via an amorphous precursor, the so-called multistep crystallization (MSC), is studied quantitatively in a colloidal model system. In MSC, amorphous dense droplets are first nucleated from the mother phase. Subsequently, a few unstable subcrystalline nuclei can be created simultaneously by fluctuation from the tiny dense droplets, which is different from previous theoretical predictions. It is necessary for these crystalline nuclei to reach a critical size N*(crys) to become stable. However, in contrast to subcrystalline nuclei, a stable mature crystalline nucleus is not created by fluctuation but by coalescence of subcrystalline nuclei, which is unexpected. To accommodate a mature crystalline nucleus larger than the critical size N*(crys), the dense droplets have to first acquire a critical size N*. This implies that only a fraction of amorphous dense droplets can serve as a precursor of crystal nucleation. As an outcome, the overall nucleation rate of the crystalline phase is, to a large extent, determined by the nucleation rate of crystals in the dense droplets, which is much lower than the previous theoretical expectation. Furthermore, it is surprising to see that MSC will promote the production of defect-free crystals. The knowledge acquired in this study will also significantly advance our understandings in polymorphism related processes.
Refactoring and Optimization of Light-Switchable<i>Escherichia coli</i>Two-Component Systems (2014)

Light-switchable proteins enable unparalleled control of molecular biological processes in live organisms. Previously, we have engineered red/far-red and green/red photoreversible two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) with transcriptional outputs in E. coli and used them to characterize and control synthetic gene circuits with exceptional quantitative, temporal, and spatial precision. However, the broad utility of these light sensors is limited by bulky DNA encoding, incompatibility with commonly used ligand-responsive transcription factors, leaky output in deactivating light, and less than 10-fold dynamic range. Here, we compress the four genes required for each TCS onto two streamlined plasmids and replace all chemically inducible and evolved promoters with constitutive, engineered versions. Additionally, we systematically optimize the expression of each sensor histidine kinase and response regulator, and redesign both pathway output promoters, resulting in low leakiness and 72- and 117-fold dynamic range, respectively. These second-generation light sensors can be used to program the expression of more genes over a wider range and can be more easily combined with additional plasmids or moved to different host strains. This work demonstrates that bacterial TCSs can be optimized to function as high-performance sensors for scientific and engineering applications.
PQQ as redox shuttle for quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. (1998)

The role of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a redox shuttle between an electrode and the active site of soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been investigated using both electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Reversible redox behavior of PQQ was observed at cystamine-modified gold electrodes. sGDH is able to reduce free PQQ, i.e. PQQ that is not bound to the enzyme and therefore could act as a mediator between the enzyme and the cystamine-modified electrode. The second order rate constants for the reduction of PQQ by sGDH are 6 x 10(3) M(-1) S(-1) and 64 M(-1) S(-1) in the absence and in the presence of calcium ions, respectively. Similarly, the interaction with a second redox protein is realized via the PQQ shuttle. Using DC voltammetry, the reduction rate of cytochrome c (cyt c) by PQQH2 was determined to be on the order of 10(4) M(-1) S(-1)
X-ray powder diffraction data for <i>N</i> , <i>N</i> -dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine, C <sub>9</sub> H <sub>11</sub> N <sub>3</sub> (2021)

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for N , N -dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine, C 9 H 11 N 3 , are reported [ a = 11.379(3) Å, b = 10.227(5) Å, c = 7.151(1) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, unit-cell volume V = 832.318 Å 3 , Z = 4, ρ cal = 1.286 g cm −3 , and space group P 2 1 2 1 2]. All measured lines were indexed and were consistent with the P 2 1 2 1 2 space group. No detectable impurities were observed.
Analysis and experimental results of a single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on flyback converter (2002)

A new single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on a flyback power converter is presented in this paper. The ballast is able to supply a fluorescent lamp, assuring a high input power factor for the utility line. Other features are lamp power regulation against line voltage variations and low lamp current crest factor, both assuring long lamp life. The ballast is analyzed at steady-state operation and design equations and characteristics are obtained. Also, a procedure for the ballast design is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown.
An Akt/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Autocrine Loop Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Liver Cancer Cells and Tumorigenic Hepatic Progenitor Cells (2009)

Blockade of Akt/HIF-1alpha/PDGF-BB autocrine signaling could enhance the chemosensitivity of liver cancer cells and tumorigenic hepatic progenitor cells under hypoxic conditions and thus provide an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Fabrication and Characterization of Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowires on Bulk Silicon (2008)

This paper reports on the top-down fabrication and electrical performance of silicon nanowire (SiNW) gate-all-around (GAA) n-type and p-type MOSFET devices integrated on bulk silicon using a local-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The proposed local-SOI fabrication provides various nanowire cross sections: Omega-like, pentagonal, triangular, and circular, all controlled by isotropic etching using nitride spacers and silicon sacrificial oxidation. The reported top-down SiNW fabrication offers excellent control of wire doping and placement, as well as ohmic source and drain contacts. A particular feature of the process is the buildup of a tensile strain in all suspended nanowires, attaining values of few percents, reflected in stress values higher than 2-3 GPa. A very high yield (>90%) is obtained in terms of functionality of long-channel SiNW GAA mosfet. Device characteristics are reported from cryogenic temperature ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> = 5 K) up to 150 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> C, and promising characteristics in terms of low-field electron mobility, threshold voltage control, and subthreshold slope are demonstrated. Low field mobility for electrons up to 850 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots is reported at room temperature in suspended devices with triangular cross sections; this mobility enhancement is explained by the process-induced tensile strain. In short, suspended SiNW GAA with small triangular cross sections, a single-electron transistor (SET) operation regime is highlighted at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> = 5 K. This is attributed to a combined effect of strain and corner conduction in triangular channel cross sections, suggesting the possibility to hybridize CMOS and SET functions by a unique nanowire fabrication platform.
Digestibility of a Commercial Fish Feed, Wet Algae, and Dried Algae by<i>Tilapia nilotica</i>and Silver Carp (1989)

Abstract We stimulated growth of microbial food in ponds by silage grass enrichment and investigated the digestibility by fish of a harvestable mat of biomass produced in this way. Synthetic ponds, enriched with silaged grass, produced a high-protein microbial bloom (19–24% dry weight), which attached to the silage forming a slimy matrix at the pond surface. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) were fed rations of the microbial mat, and digestibility of fresh and dried samples was compared with that of commercial fish feeds. The fresh microbial mat was 81% digestible by Nile tilapia and 75% digestible by silver carp. The dried form was significantly less digestible by both species. Fresh microbial mat compared favorably with commercial catfish feed in digestibility by Nile tilapia.
Domain-Independent User Satisfaction Reward Estimation for Dialogue Policy Learning (2017)

Copyright © 2017 ISCA. Learning suitable and well-performing dialogue behaviour in statistical spoken dialogue systems has been in the focus of research for many years. While most work which is based on reinforcement learning employs an objective measure like task success for modelling the reward signal, we propose to use a reward based on user satisfaction. We will show in simulated experiments that a live user satisfaction estimation model may be applied resulting in higher estimated satisfaction whilst achieving similar success rates. Moreover, we will show that one satisfaction estimation model which has been trained on one domain may be applied in many other domains which cover a similar task. We will verify our findings by employing the model to one of the domains for learning a policy from real users and compare its performance to policies using the user satisfaction and task success acquired directly from the users as reward.