gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Grade Mental Deficiency in Relation to Differential Fertility (1947)

Mr. Caradoc Jones this morning emphasized very clearly indeed the important distinction between high and low grade mental deficiency. He showed us some very striking figures suggesting, not that heredity is not involved in both, but that it is a different sort of heredity. It always seems to me that in considering this and related matters the analogy of stature is a helpful one. Many of us remember those posters of the last war but one, which said “Your King and Country Need YOU,” coupled with the statement that “You” had to be 5 ft. 4 in. high—a standard which went down afterwards. If one rejects for any purpose a segment of the population on a measurement of this kind one is rejecting people for very different reasons. The arbitrary standard cuts off, of course, the dwarfs; the achondroplasics, the midgets, the cretins, the rachitic dwarfs, and so on; but it cuts off far more of those who are simply short. In causation we can normally expect the dwarf's condition to be due to hereditary factors, actually a single factor in achondroplasia; or it may be something environmental, as in the rachitic dwarfs or the cretins, but when we come to the people who are just short, it has been shown fairly conclusively that in a civilized community in which the standard of nutrition is adequate, at least 90 per cent. of the differences are due to heredity; but it is a different sort of heredity. We have a whole host of genetic factors, each one of which has a small effect; but the effect is cumulative; some factors make for greater stature, some for smaller, and it is on the sum total received from the parents that the stature of the individual depends.
Recombinant Mitotoxin Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor–Saporin Reduces Venous Anastomotic Intimal Hyperplasia in the Arteriovenous Graft (1996)

These data demonstrate that local infusion of rFGF2-SAP significantly reduces venous anastomotic intimal hyperplasia and cell proliferation without systemic toxicity. This study suggests a new strategy for reducing intimal hyperplasia by the selective killing of proliferating smooth muscle cells with a potent chimeric mitotoxin through a novel local infusion device.
Extracting biological age from biomedical data via deep learning: too much of a good thing? (2018)

Age-related physiological changes in humans are linearly associated with age. Naturally, linear combinations of physiological measures trained to estimate chronological age have recently emerged as a practical way to quantify aging in the form of biological age. In this work, we used one-week long physical activity records from a 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to compare three increasingly accurate biological age models: the unsupervised Principal Components Analysis (PCA) score, a multivariate linear regression, and a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We found that the supervised approaches produce better chronological age estimations at the expense of a loss of the association between the aging acceleration and all-cause mortality. Consequently, we turned to the NHANES death register directly and introduced a novel way to train parametric proportional hazards models suitable for out-of-the-box implementation with any modern machine learning software. As a demonstration, we produced a separate deep CNN for mortality risks prediction that outperformed any of the biological age or a simple linear proportional hazards model. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the emerging potential of combined wearable sensors and deep learning technologies for applications involving continuous health risk monitoring and real-time feedback to patients and care providers.
High glucose down‐regulates miR‐29a to increase collagen IV production in HK‐2 cells (2010)

Deposition of collagen IV in proximal tubule cells (PTCs) plays an important role during diabetic nephropathy, but the mechanism underlying excessive production of collagen IV remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the miRNA profile of HK-2 cells and found that high glucose/TGF-beta1 induced significant down-regulation of miR-29a. We then showed that miR-29a negatively regulated collagen IV by directly targeting the 3'UTRs of col4a1 and col4a2. These results suggest that miR-29a acts as a repressor to fine-tune collagen expression and that the reduction of miR-29a caused by high glucose may increase the risk of excess collagen deposition in PTCs.
Anti-IgM-mediated growth inhibition of a human B lymphoma cell line is independent of phosphatidylinositol turnover and protein kinase C activation and involves tyrosine phosphorylation (1991)

The RL cell line is an EBV-negative, surface IgM, IgD-positive B lymphoma line, which is significantly growth arrested in the presence of acrylamide-linked antibodies to the surface IgM receptor. We demonstrate here that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with PMA abrogates anti-IgM-induced phosphoinositide turnover and Ca2+ mobilization; however, growth inhibition is not affected. In addition, inhibitors of PKC are unable to reverse the anti-IgM-mediated growth inhibition. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis reveals a different pattern of protein phosphorylation after treatment of RL with PMA or anti-IgM. These data strongly suggest that anti-IgM-induced growth inhibition does not rely on phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide turnover, Ca2+ mobilization, or PKC activation. On the other hand, the phosphatase inhibitor orthovanadate results in an augmentation of proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine and the growth inhibition which follows anti-IgM treatment. Furthermore, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, are able to reverse the anti-IgM-induced inhibition of growth. These data demonstrate that multiple signaling pathways are activated by the interaction of anti-IgM with its ligand, and suggest that tyrosine kinase activation is a critical component of the inhibitory response.
Over-Expression of DSCAM and COL6A2 Cooperatively Generates Congenital Heart Defects (2011)

A significant current challenge in human genetics is the identification of interacting genetic loci mediating complex polygenic disorders. One of the best characterized polygenic diseases is Down syndrome (DS), which results from an extra copy of part or all of chromosome 21. A short interval near the distal tip of chromosome 21 contributes to congenital heart defects (CHD), and a variety of indirect genetic evidence suggests that multiple candidate genes in this region may contribute to this phenotype. We devised a tiered genetic approach to identify interacting CHD candidate genes. We first used the well vetted Drosophila heart as an assay to identify interacting CHD candidate genes by expressing them alone and in all possible pairwise combinations and testing for effects on rhythmicity or heart failure following stress. This comprehensive analysis identified DSCAM and COL6A2 as the most strongly interacting pair of genes. We then over-expressed these two genes alone or in combination in the mouse heart. While over-expression of either gene alone did not affect viability and had little or no effect on heart physiology or morphology, co-expression of the two genes resulted in ≈50% mortality and severe physiological and morphological defects, including atrial septal defects and cardiac hypertrophy. Cooperative interactions between DSCAM and COL6A2 were also observed in the H9C2 cardiac cell line and transcriptional analysis of this interaction points to genes involved in adhesion and cardiac hypertrophy. Our success in defining a cooperative interaction between DSCAM and COL6A2 suggests that the multi-tiered genetic approach we have taken involving human mapping data, comprehensive combinatorial screening in Drosophila, and validation in vivo in mice and in mammalian cells lines should be applicable to identifying specific loci mediating a broad variety of other polygenic disorders.
Synthesis of a class of artificial neural network using a CMOS current mode building block approach (1991)

An analogue current mode design methodology is presented for the implementation of binary associative memories. Thus by using the Hamming feedfoward network as an example of a binary associative memory, and efficiently mapping it into two CMOS-VLSI building block configurations a prototype ANN is developed. The IC building blocks utilizes the characteristics of the subthreshold region and converge to a classification in 'one pass' requiring no feedback; thereby resulting in an analogue network with the desirable features of high integration, low circuit complexity, and low power dissipation. >
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Titania using Nonsurfactant Organic Compounds as Templates (2000)

Abstract Organic-inorganic composite materials were prepared via HCl-catalyzed sol-gel reactions of tetrabutyl titanate at room temperature in the presence of nonsurfactant compounds, such as 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, glycerin and pentaerythritol, as templates or pore-forming agents. Removal of the nonsurfactant molecules from the composites by extraction with water resulted in mesoporous titania materials. Characterized with nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, these materials were found to have large surface areas (∼300 m2/g) and pore volumes (∼0.25 cm3/g) as well as narrowly distributed pore diameters of around 3.2 nm. Similar results were also obtained when a neutral surfactant poly(ethylene glycol) was used as the templates. In the presence of templates, the titania materials obtained may contain crystalline anatase phase.
Quality control and quality assurance in genotypic data for genome‐wide association studies (2010)

Genome-wide scans of nucleotide variation in human subjects are providing an increasing number of replicated associations with complex disease traits. Most of the variants detected have small effects and, collectively, they account for a small fraction of the total genetic variance. Very large sample sizes are required to identify and validate findings. In this situation, even small sources of systematic or random error can cause spurious results or obscure real effects. The need for careful attention to data quality has been appreciated for some time in this field, and a number of strategies for quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) have been developed. Here we extend these methods and describe a system of QC/QA for genotypic data in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This system includes some new approaches that (1) combine analysis of allelic probe intensities and called genotypes to distinguish gender misidentification from sex chromosome aberrations, (2) detect autosomal chromosome aberrations that may affect genotype calling accuracy, (3) infer DNA sample quality from relatedness and allelic intensities, (4) use duplicate concordance to infer SNP quality, (5) detect genotyping artifacts from dependence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test P-values on allelic frequency, and (6) demonstrate sensitivity of principal components analysis to SNP selection. The methods are illustrated with examples from the "Gene Environment Association Studies" (GENEVA) program. The results suggest several recommendations for QC/QA in the design and execution of GWAS.
An Efficiency Maximizing Control Method for Induction Motor Used Electric Vehicle Drive. (1996)

An induction motor is one of the suitable motors for the electric vehicles. The induction motor used in the electric vehicle has been generally controlled based on the vector control method to obtain well dynamic torque response. The field forming current value is kept a constant to keep the constant flux level in the conventional vector control system, but it has disadvantage that the proportion of core loss is increase at the light load torque region. To solve this problem, the efficiency maximizing control method of the vector controlled induction motor has been presented. This paper proposes a simple solution which maximize the motor efficiency under any load conditions, and presents a simple efficiency maximizing control system. The usefulness of this system is demonstrated through the simulations and experiments that compare its efficiency characteristics with conventional vector control system. In this system, the secondary flux level is varied to reduce the core loss. This paper also includes the secondary flux control method to improve the delay in the output torque response when the secondary flux level is varied.
Method of electrochemical etching of tungsten tips with controllable profiles (2012)

We demonstrate a new and simple process to fabricate tungsten tips with good control of the tip profile. In this process, we use a commercial function generator without any electronic cutoff circuit or complex mechanical setup. The tip length can be varied from 160 μm to 10 mm, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 1.6-100. The radius of curvature of the tip apex can be controlled to a size <10 nm. Surface roughness and the taper angle can be controlled independently. Through control of the etching parameters, the tip length, the radius of curvature, surface roughness, and the taper angle can be controlled to suit different requirements of various applications. The possible etching mechanisms are also discussed.
Thermal characterization of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices (2001)

Superlattices offer the potential to enhance the figure of merit for thermoelectric cooling by increasing the Seebeck coefficient while decreasing the thermal conductivity compared to bulk samples. The large bulk value of ZT makes superlattices containing Bi2Te3 attractive for demonstrating benefits of using low-dimensional materials in thermoelectric applications. The present work describes measurements of the effective thermal conductivity normal to Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices deposited on GaAs using noncontact pulsed laser heating and thermoreflectance thermometry. The data show a strong reduction in the effective thermal conductivity of the Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices compared to bulk Bi2Te3, which can further increase thermoelectric figure of merit. The dependence of thermal conductivity on superlattice period is found to be weak, particularly at periods above 60 Å. This indicates that disorder in Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices may limit the heat conduction process at shorter periods than in Si/Ge superlattices, for which measurements were previously reported in the literature.
Selectively deposited copper on laser-treated polyimide using electroless plating (2000)

Many reviews about the interconnection line fabrication by laser processing method were reported recently. UV laser process polyimide has been studied thoroughly during the past decade. In this report, we discussed the utilization of surface potential changing on polyimide film irradiated by excimer KrF laser and metallized the UV laser treated polyimide surface by electroless copper deposition. A new negatively charged polymer stabilized Pd solution was applied as catalyst in this experiment. We also produced pattern-wised fine line on KrF laser induced PI surface using this method.
Pareto-Based Optimization of Part Orientation in Stereolithography (2010)

This paper presents a Pareto-based optimization algorithm to determine a series of best part orientations in stereolithography systems. Previous methods could apply limit objective functions (OFs). Moreover, methods with multiple OFs had abstracted them into a single fitness function. A single fitness function never reflects the characteristics of individual OFs properly. The method proposed here handles several OFs individually. The objective functions are the build time and support volume under a desired surface finish. The optimization was performed using the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). At each genetic algorithm step, the surface finish was achieved by applying the adaptive layer thickness method. Pareto-based optimization finds a series of best part orientations with minimum build time and volume support. It is a multi-objective optimization that handles complex CAD files. The algorithm was developed using MATLAB. The codes were run for some case studies and the results were very promising.
Introduction to a Variety of Health Occupations in Tucson, Arizona (1974)

(1974). Introduction to a Variety of Health Occupations in Tucson, Arizona. School Health Review: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 29-31.
Carbon-carbon bond formation in reactions of PhIO.cntdot.HBF4-silyl enol ether adduct with alkenes or silyl enol ethers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon bond formation in reactions of PhIO.cntdot.HBF4-silyl enol ether adduct with alkenes or silyl enol ethersV. V. Zhdankin, M. Mullikin, Rik Tykwinski, Bruce Berglund, Ronald Caple, N. S. Zefirov, and A. S. Koz'minCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2605–2608Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Azathioprine maintains long-term steroid-free remission through 3 years in patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis† (2009)

In this open-label observational trial AZA showed sustained efficacy for maintenance of clinical remission off steroids and steroid sparing through 3 years of therapy in SD-UC. Patients with earlier UC are those who most probably will have sustained steroid-free remission at the end of 12 months while on AZA.
Preparation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) macromonomers having ethynylene functionality by the initiator method (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) macromonomers having ethynylene functionality by the initiator methodToshio Suzuki and Peter Y. LoCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2, 460–463Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00002a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00002a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
G protein–coupled receptor crosstalk and signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2012)

A variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs), including the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the leukotriene receptor CysLT1, the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1P1, the cannabinoid receptor CB2, and the complement receptor C3aR. While the role of CXCR4 in stem cell homing is largely established, the function of the other GPCRs expressed in HPCs is only partially understood. CXCR4 and CysLT1 inhibit their own activation after ligand binding (homologous desensitization). Stimulation of S1P1 or C3aR has been shown to activate CXCR4 in HPCs that may sensitize CXCR4-dependent stem cell homing. In contrast, activation of CXCR4 results in a loss of CysLT1 function, which is most likely mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) signaling (heterologous desensitization) and could explain the ineffectiveness of CysLT1 antagonists to mobilize HPCs in vivo. Further characterization of GPCR crosstalk will allow a better understanding of HPC trafficking.
Light Deprivation Soon after Frontal Brain Trauma Accelerates Recovery from Attentional Deficits and Promotes Functional Normalization of Basal Ganglia (1999)

Postoperative light deprivation may improve recovery from TBI-induced attention deficits by normalizing basal ganglia function.
Effect of clonidine on hot flashes in postmenopausal women. (1982)

The effectiveness of clonidine in suppressing the occurrence of postmenopausal hot flashes was examined using a dose-response study design and objective recordings of hot flashes. Patients with frequent flashes were studied before and after oral administration of placebo and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg of clonidine daily for 2 weeks at each dose level. Finger temperature and skin resistance were recorded as indices of hot flash episodes. Four of 10 subjects beginning the study withdrew because of drug-related side effects. Clonidine was found to reduce significantly the frequency of hot flashes as compared with baseline (P less than .005) and with effects of the placebo (P less than .05). At the maximum dosage the mean rate of hot flash occurrence decreased 46%. It was concluded that clonidine does reduce the frequency of postmenopausal flashes.
Isolement et détermination de la structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l'essence de jasmin (1962)

Abstract A new odoriferous component, for which we propose the name «methyl jasmonate», has been isolated from jasmine oil ( Jasminum grandiflorum L.). This compound is shown to be (–)‐methyl cis ‐2‐pent‐2′‐enyl‐3‐oxo‐cyclopentylacetate.
California Lower Income Housing Policy: At Legislative and Judicial Crossroads (1978)

California is experiencing an emerging lower income housing crisis which is aggravated by exclusionary land use regulations. This result occurs as California housing policy approaches a critical decisionmaking point before both the legislature and the judiciary. The author analyzes pending legislation, current statutes, and decisional law, including the recent Livermore case, regarding exclusionary land use regulations. The author concludes that continued resistance to inclusionary housing policy is intolerable and that the Livermore opinion can be applied so that lower income households are not denied equal access to affordable housing