gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode of interaction of .beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase with strong binding inhibitors: compactin and related compounds (1985)

The sodium salts of compactin (1) and trans-6-[2-(2,4- dichloro-6-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran- 2-one (3) are inhibitors of yeast beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. The dissociation constants are 0.24 X 10(-9) and 0.28 X 10(-9) M, respectively. Similar values have been reported for HMG-CoA reductase from mammalian sources [Endo, A., Kuroda, M., & Tanzawa, K. (1976) FEBS Lett. 72, 323; Alberts, A. W., et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 3957]. The structures of these compounds marginally resemble that of any substrates of HMG-CoA reductase. We, therefore, investigated the basis for the strong interaction between HMG-CoA reductase and these inhibitors. HMG-CoA and coenzyme A (CoASH), but not reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), prevent binding of compactin to the enzyme. HMG-CoA, but not CoASH or NADPH, prevents binding of 3 to the enzyme. We also investigated the inhibitory activity of molecules that resemble structural components of compactin. Compactin consists of a moiety resembling 3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid that is attached to a decalin structure. The sodium salt of DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid inhibits HMG-CoA reductase competitively with respect to HMG-CoA and noncompetitively with respect to NADPH. The dissociation constant for DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid, derived from protection against inactivation of enzyme by iodoacetic acid, is (2.1 +/- 0.9) X 10(-2) M. Two decalin derivatives (structurally identical with or closely related to the decalin moiety of compactin) showed no detectable inhibition. If the lack of inhibition is due to their limited solubility, the dissociation constant of these decalin derivatives may be conservatively estimated to be greater than or equal to 0.5 mM. Simultaneous addition of decalin derivatives and DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid does not lead to enhanced inhibition. The sodium salt of (E)-6-[2-(2-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one (6) inhibits HMG-CoA reductase competitively with respect to HMG-CoA and noncompetitively with respect to NADPH. The inhibition constant (vs. HMG-CoA) is 0.8 microM. CoASH does not prevent binding of 6 to enzyme. Compound 6, therefore, behaves analogously to compound 3. We propose that these inhibitors occupy two sites on the enzyme: one site is the hydroxymethylglutaryl binding domain of the enzyme active site and the other site is a hydrophobic pocket located adjacent to the active site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Physiology of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2015)

Outcomes after cardiac arrest remain poor more than a half a century after closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was first described. This review article is focused on recent insights into the physiology of blood flow to the heart and brain during CPR. Over the past 20 years, a greater understanding of heart-brain-lung interactions has resulted in novel resuscitation methods and technologies that significantly improve outcomes from cardiac arrest. This article highlights the importance of attention to CPR quality, recent approaches to regulate intrathoracic pressure to improve cerebral and systemic perfusion, and ongoing research related to the ways to mitigate reperfusion injury during CPR. Taken together, these new approaches in adult and pediatric patients provide an innovative, physiologically based road map to increase survival and quality of life after cardiac arrest.
Comparison and Limitation Analysis of Approaches for Porosity Evaluation from NMR and Three Porosity Logs in Low Permeability Gas Sands with Bad Borehole (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we compare four methods of calculating reservoir porosity in low permeability gas sandstones with bad borehole condition, they are neutron-density crossplot technology, DMR technology, piecewise scale methods from acoustic time logging and SMR technology. The principle and limitation of these methods are analysised. When the borehole condition is good, these four technologies are all available, but in the wells with bad borehole, the technology of calculating reservoir porosity by integrating interval transit time logging and NMR logging, the neutron-density crossplot are recommended. For the NMR data acquired from CMR tool, the NMR porosity must be calibrated from deep lateral resistivity or deep induction resistivity logging, but these technologies are still the most useful because the computation process are simple and the odd error is less than DMR technology. The piecewise scale methods is also not recommended because it will spend too much time for log analysts.
Apoptotic and Immune Restoration Effects of Ganoderic Acids Define a New Prospective for Complementary Treatment of Cancer (2012)

Considering the fact that a key factor in tumor development is the evasion of immune detection, the search for natural products, which have reduced toxicity towards normal tissues as well as immunostimulatory capabilities has received growing interest. One attractive source of antitumor products is the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom, which has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, and has been shown to improve immune function. Interestingly, its methanol soluble triterpenoid extracts, namely Ganoderic Acids (GAs), have been the subject of several recent investigations on their chemotherapeutic effects. While current research has revealed GAs' role in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells with a much lower toxicity to healthy cells, little information is available on their in vitro and/or in vivo immune activities. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on GAs, and their potential as apoptosis inducing as well as immune activating molecules that could be a potential alternative approach for designing novel chemoimmunotherapeutics against malignant diseases. We also discuss other new approaches for exploiting the advantages of using a nanoparticle polymer-GA conjugate as a tool for a sustained and targeted delivery of drug in vivo.
Primary immunodeficiencies due to abnormalities of the actin cytoskeleton (2016)

This review summarises recent advances in the field, raising awareness of these conditions and our current understanding of their presentation. Description of further cases and new conditions will extend the clinical phenotype of actin-related disorders, and will promote the development of more effective and targeted therapies.
Transformation kinetics of monohydrocalcite to aragonite in aqueous solutions (2008)

Monohydrocalcite (CaCO3·H2O; MHC) is a rare mineral in geological settings. It is metastable with respect to calcite and aragonite. This metastability of MHC is considered to make it a rare mineral in geological settings. Alteration experiments of MHC in aqueous solutions in a closed system were conducted at temperatures between 10 and 50 °C in order to measure its metastability quantitatively. In the present study, monohydrocalcite transformed to aragonite with time. There are two rate-limiting steps in the transformation of monohydrocalcite to aragonite: the nucleation and crystal growth of aragonite. On the other hand, the dissolution of monohydrocalcite is a faster process than the nucleation and crystal growth of aragonite. The amounts of aragonite were calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity to evaluate the rate of both the processes at different temperatures. The induction times for the nucleation of aragonite were estimated to be 2.7 ± 0.9×103, 5.4 ± 1.8×103, 3.2 ± 0.4×104, and 7.3 ± 0.4×105 s at 50, 40, 25, and 10 °C, respectively. The conventional rate constants by assuming a zero-order reaction of aragonite crystal growth were estimated to be 1.0 ± 0.3×10−5, 6.1 ± 0.8×10−5, 1.0 ± 0.3×10−5, and 1.6 ± 0.3×10−6 mmol·s−1 at 10, 25, 40, and 50 °C, respectively. From Arrhenius plots, the apparent activation energies were estimated to be 108.1 kJ·mol−1 and 80.7 kJ·mol−1 for the nucleation and crystal growth steps, respectively.
Physik ein Lehrbuch (1941)

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen
Mutagenesis and Mapping of a Mouse Gene, <i>Clock</i> , Essential for Circadian Behavior (1994)

In a search for genes that regulate circadian rhythms in mammals, the progeny of mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) were screened for circadian clock mutations. A semidominant mutation, Clock, that lengthens circadian period and abolishes persistence of rhythmicity was identified. Clock segregated as a single gene that mapped to the midportion of mouse chromosome 5, a region syntenic to human chromosome 4. The power of ENU mutagenesis combined with the ability to clone murine genes by map position provides a generally applicable approach to study complex behavior in mammals.
Trust vs. threats: recovery and survival in electronic commerce (2003)

The paper analyzes threats and attacks in the Internet commerce world and suggests schemes to detect the attacks when they occur, prevent further loss once an attack is detected, and provides remedial corrective actions so as to enable victims of commerce-related attacks to resume conducting business transactions. Some commerce based transaction recovery mechanisms are suggested to recover from losses these attacks may have caused. Suitable cryptographic primitives and protocols that realize an anonymous complaint and an anonymous receipt are developed to provide trust and security against e-commerce related attacks.
A Compression Test for High Strength Ceramics (1987)

Abstract A new uniaxial compression test, developed for high strength ceramics, has successfully measured the strength of 94% alumina (Al2O3). Testing was done using a procedure developed specifically for obtaining strengths to 10 GPa on very difficult to machine ceramics. Strain gage analysis and fractographic observations confirmed that a uniaxial compressive stress state existed. Two existing test methods were also employed to measure the compressive strength of the alumina. Results from these tests are compared with the new methodology.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Light-Independent Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase Genes in the Secondary Plastids of Cryptophyte Algae (2008)

Plastid genes encoding light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LIPOR) subunits were isolated from cryptophyte algae, the first example of such genes in plastids of secondary endosymbiotic origin. The presence of functional and nonfunctional copies of LIPOR genes in cryptophytes suggests that light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis is a nonessential pathway in these organisms.
Chinese Brush Calligraphy Character Retrieval and Learning (2007)

Chinese brush calligraphy is a valuable civilization legacy and a high art of scholarship. It is still popular in Chinese banners, newspaper mastheads, university names, and celebration gifts. There are Web sites that try to help people enjoy and learn Chinese calligraphy. However, there lacks advanced services such as content-based retrieval or vivid writing process simulation for calligraphy learning. This article proposes a novel Chinese calligraphy learning approach: First, the scanned calligraphy pages were segmented into individual calligraphy characters using minimum-bounding box. Second, the individual character’s feature information was extracted and kept. Then, a corresponding database was built to serve as a map between the feature data and the original raw data. Finally, a retrieval engine was constructed and a dynamic writing process was simulated to help learners get the calligraphy character they were interested in and watch how it was generated step by step.
Two FPGA-Oriented High-Speed Irradiance Virtual Sensors for Photovoltaic Plants (2015)

Knowing solar irradiance value allows an optimized management of photovoltaic (PV) power plants in terms of produced energy. Unfortunately, although sensing temperature is easy, the measurement of solar irradiance is expensive. In this paper, two circuit architectures for the estimation of the solar irradiance based on simple measurements are proposed. They are thought to be part of a centralized system implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) for sensing and monitoring of solar irradiance in a whole PV plant. The FPGA centralized architecture could allow for a real-time irradiance mapping by exploiting information coming from several low-cost measuring circuits suitably allocated on the PV modules. Validations on real irradiance data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory are presented.
Manipulating the generation of Ca-alginate microspheres using microfluidic channels as a carrier of gold nanoparticles (2006)

In this paper the manipulation of Ca-alginate microspheres, using a microfluidic chip, for the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles is presented. Our strategy is based on hydrodynamic-focusing on the forming of a series of self-assembling sphere structures, the so-called water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, in the cross-junction microchannel. These fine emulsions, consisting of aqueous Na-alginates, are then dripped into a solution of 20% calcium salt to accomplish Ca-alginate microspheres in an efficient manner. Experimental data show that microspheres with diameters ranging from 50 microm to 2000 microm with a variation less than 5% were precisely generated. The size and gap of the droplets are tunable by adjusting the relative sheath/sample flow rate ratio. Furthermore, we applied them to encapsulated gold nanoparticles, and this one shot operation performs the 'Lab on a Chip'.
Use of 2′-Spirocyclic Ethers in HCV Nucleoside Design (2013)

Conformationally restricted 2'-spironucleosides and their prodrugs were synthesized as potential anti-HCV agents. Although the replicon activity of the new agents containing pyrimidine bases was modest, the triphosphate of a 2'-oxetane cytidine analogue demonstrated potent intrinsic biochemical activity against the NS5B polymerase, with IC50 = 8.48 μM. Activity against NS5B bearing the S282T mutation was reduced. Phosphoramidate prodrugs of a 2'-oxetane 2-amino-6-O-methyl-purine nucleoside demonstrated potent anti-HCV activity in vitro, and the corresponding triphosphate retained similar potent activity against both wild-type and S282T HCV NS5B polymerase.
Data Modems with Integrated Digital Filters and Modulators (1970)

The application of a binary transversal filter as transmitting filter and a digital circuit as modulator makes it possible to construct data transmitters consisting only of transistors and resistors. The modulation distortion, caused by the keying of a low-frequency square-wave carrier, can be compensated by a modification of the transfer function of the transmitting filter, provided the carder frequency is chosen to be a multiple of half the bit rate. This principle makes it possible to realize the whole data transmitter in one single integrated circuit. The binary transversal filter, provided with an analog-to-digital converter, can also be used to construct the data receiver for the greater part with digital circuitry.
Anti-aging efficacy of topical formulations containing niosomes entrapped with rice bran bioactive compounds (2012)

The formulations containing niosomes entrapped with the rice bran bioactive compounds gave superior clinical anti-aging activity which can be applied as a novel skin product.
Life time prediction and design for reliability of Smart Power devices for automotive exterior lighting (2008)

The concept of mission profile together with the principle of the linear accumulation of the damage related to the thermo mechanical fatigue is a powerful method to predict the lifetime of a Smart Power device operating in a given system. The usage of this tool requires the full comprehension and characterization of the stresses applied to the device, which in turn requires a two-sided approach. From one side an electro thermal analysis of the interaction between power device and load in order to identify the stresses applied to the physical structure and on the other side the formulation of a reliability model of the device physical structure versus the stresses. Both the system designer and the smart power device designers take benefits from this methodology: the system designer can safely choose the smart power actuator while the silicon designer can optimize the device protection architecture.
EUCOMM the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis Program (2007)

Functional analysis of the mammalian genome is an enormous challenge for biomedical scientists. To facilitate this endeavour, the European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis Program (EUCOMM) aims at generating up to 12 000 mutations by gene trapping and up to 8000 mutations by gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. These mutations can be rendered into conditional alleles, allowing Cre recombinase-mediated disruption of gene function in a time- and tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, the EUCOMM program will generate up to 320 mouse lines from the EUCOMM resource and up to 20 new Cre driver mouse lines. The EUCOMM resource of vectors, mutant ES cell lines and mutant mice will be openly available to the scientific community. EUCOMM will be one of the cornerstones of an international effort to create a global mouse mutant resource.
1li jie mo e xing hei se su liu huan zhe wei shou shu qi hu li (2012)

高度恶性黑色素瘤主要发生于皮肤,也发生于不同部位的黏膜及部分实质器官,在眼部好发于脉络膜[1-4],发生于结膜者文献报道甚少.结膜恶性黑色素瘤是一种少见的潜在致命性肿瘤,多发生于40～60岁成年人,主要有三种来源:原发性交界痣或复合痣,原发性获得性黑色素沉着症等.本病大约占眼部恶性肿瘤的2％[2,3].我科收治1例结膜恶性黑色素瘤患者,在全麻下行左眼眶内容物剜除术,经精心护理,取得满意疗效,现报道...
Survival of encapsulated probiotics through spray drying and non-refrigerated storage for animal feeds application (2013)

The objective of this study is to verify potential of various types of microorganisms during spray drying and non-refrigerated storage that can be enhanced substantially by selecting suitable protective colloids. Four selected probiotics tested are Lactbacillus plantarum B13 and B18, which are the bacteria probiotics and Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces blouradii, non-bacteria probiotics. Two levels of experiment occur starting with formulation study of encapsulation agent followed by the viability study of different probiotics after spray dry and two weeks nonrefrigerated storage. The formulation of 30% of gum Arabic, 15% of gelatin and 45% of coconut oil can homogenize well at least for two hours and can produce acceptable dried product (below 4% of moisture content) at low outlet temperature (70℃ -75℃). K. lactis, S. blouradii gives 2.57% and 2.4% of viability percentage after spray drying process and 25.84% and 2.04% after two weeks nonrefrigerated storage respectively. The colonies of non-probiotics bacteria after both conditions are between 1010 and 106 cfu/mL which is among the accepted level for industrial application. However, the survival of probiotics in a spray-dried form during non-refrigerated storage is higher at low of moisture content compared to others.
Piece-wise Linear Function-based Road Surface Estimation Using Dense Stereo Vision (2012)

This paper proposes a novel road surface estimation method using a piece-wise linear function and RANSAC framework. The proposed method achieves robustness against 3D points on obstacle surfaces by sampling 3D points expected to compose road surface, and it also makes the estimation procedure insensitive to stereo matching errors on textureless road regions by sequentially calculating a piece-wise linear function using a RANSAC-based robust line estimator with adaptively chosen road interval and slope angle parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully estimates road surfaces in various real world situations including complex road surface shape and severe stereo matching error.
Detection and Direct Readout of Drugs in Human Urine Using Dynamic Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machines (2015)

A new, novel, rapid method to detect and direct readout of drugs in human urine has been developed using dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (D-SERS) with portable Raman spectrometer on gold nanorods (GNRs) and a classification algorithm called support vector machines (SVM). The high-performance GNRs can generate gigantic enhancement and the SERS signals obtained using D-SERS on it have high reproducibility. On the basis of this feature of D-SERS, we have obtained SERS spectra of urine and urine containing methamphetamine (MAMP). SVM model was built using these data for fast identified and visual results. This general method was successfully applied to the detection of 3, 4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) in human urine. To verify the accuracy of the model, drug addicts' urine containing MAMP were detected and identified correctly and rapidly with accuracy more than 90%. The detection results were displayed directly without analysis of their SERS spectra manually. Compared with the conventional method in lab, the method only needs a 2 μL sample volume and takes no more than 2 min on the portable Raman spectrometer. It is anticipated that this method will enable rapid, convenient detection of drugs on site for the police.
On-chip collimated planar &#x2018;Free Space&#x2019; Gaussian beams utilising optical lenses on a silicon on insulator chip (2013)

Several important applications in integrated photonics such as sensors, on-chip optical microscopes, microwave channelizers, and even optical interconnects between chips are implemented using planar `free-space' optics. These do require formation and reception of well collimated Gaussian beams in free space. The conventional way to launch the collimated beam is to use free space optical lenses. However, it is very difficult to couple a collimated Gaussian beam into an optical chip while still maintaining beam collimation in free space. Therefore, the on-chip approach is preferable. In this work, a TE Gaussian beam from a PM fibre is launched into the focal spot of biconcave lens through grating coupler. After passing through the biconcave lens, the collimated beam will propagate in the free space, which is shown in Fig.1(a). The biconcave lens was composed of two semi-disks with radius of 100μm.
Switching from <i>S</i>- to <i>R-</i>Selectivity in the <i>Candida </i><i>antarctica</i> Lipase B-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of ω-Methylated Lactones:  Tuning Polymerizations by Ring Size (2007)

Novozym 435-catalyzed ring-opening of a range of omega-methylated lactones demonstrates fascinating differences in rate of reaction and enantioselectivity. A switch from S- to R-selectivity was observed upon going from small (ring sizes <or=7) to large lactones (ring sizes >or=8). This was attributed to the transition from a cisoid to a transoid conformational preference of the ester bond on going from small to large lactones. The S-selectivity of the ring-opening of the small, cisoid lactones was low to moderate, while the R-selectivity of the ring-opening of the large transoid lactones was surprisingly high. The S-selectivity of the ring-opening of the small, cisoid lactones combined with the established R-selectivity of the transesterification of (aliphatic) secondary alcohols prevented polymerization from taking place. Ring-opening of the large, transoid lactones was R-selective with high enantioselectivity. As a result, these lactones could be polymerized, without exception, by straightforward kinetic resolution polymerization, yielding the enantiopure R-polyester with excellent enantiomeric excess (>99%).
The Thrasher International Conference on Pediatric Enteric Infetions (1986)

From the Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.