gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold <i>Manno</i>‐Glyconanoparticles: Multivalent Systems to Block HIV‐1 gp120 Binding to the Lectin DC‐SIGN (2009)

The HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 takes advantage of the high-mannose clusters on its surface to target the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) on dendritic cells. Mimicking the cluster presentation of oligomannosides on the virus surface is a strategy for designing carbohydrate-based antiviral agents. Bio-inspired by the cluster presentation of gp120, we have designed and prepared a small library of multivalent water-soluble gold glyconanoparticles (manno-GNPs) presenting truncated (oligo)mannosides of the high-mannose undecasaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2) and have tested them as inhibitors of DC-SIGN binding to gp120. These glyconanoparticles are ligands for DC-SIGN, which also interacts in the early steps of infection with a large number of pathogens through specific recognition of associated glycans. (Oligo)mannosides endowed with different spacers ending in thiol groups, which enable attachment of the glycoconjugates to the gold surface, have been prepared. manno-GNPs with different spacers and variable density of mannose (oligo)saccharides have been obtained and characterized. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments with selected manno-GNPs have been performed to study their inhibition potency towards DC-SIGN binding to gp120. The tested manno-GNPs completely inhibit the binding from the micro- to the nanomolar range, while the corresponding monovalent mannosides require millimolar concentrations. manno-GNPs containing the disaccharide Manalpha1-2Manalpha are the best inhibitors, showing more than 20 000-fold increased activity (100 % inhibition at 115 nM) compared to the corresponding monomeric disaccharide (100 % inhibition at 2.2 mM). Furthermore, increasing the density of dimannoside on the gold platform from 50 to 100 % does not improve the level of inhibition.
A DUAL BAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RING ANTENNA BASED ON COMPOSITE RIGHT AND LEFT HANDED METAMATERIALS (2007)

In this paper a dual band circularly polarized antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. Based on the concept of composite right and left handed (CRLH) metamaterials, the same phase constants and current distributions on the ring antenna are achieved at two frequency bands. Thus, the antenna has similar radiation patterns at both bands. The circular polarization is implemented by feeding two vertical ports from power dividers that provide equal magnitudes and quadrature phase excitations.
Privacy in content-oriented networking (2013)

As the Internet struggles to cope with scalability, mobility, and security issues, new network architectures are being proposed to better accommodate the needs of modern systems and applications. In particular, Content-Oriented Networking (CON) has emerged as a promising next-generation Internet architecture: it sets to decouple content from hosts, at the network layer, by naming data rather than hosts. CON comes with a potential for a wide range of benefits, including reduced congestion and improved delivery speed by means of content caching, simpler configuration of network devices, and security at the data level. However, it remains an interesting open question whether or not, and to what extent, this emerging networking paradigm bears new privacy challenges. In this paper, we provide a systematic privacy analysis of CON and the common building blocks among its various architectural instances in order to highlight emerging privacy threats, and analyze a few potential countermeasures. Finally, we present a comparison between CON and today's Internet in the context of a few privacy concepts, such as, anonymity, censoring, traceability, and confidentiality.
Analysis of heat generation during rotational atherectomy using different operational techniques (1998)

Rotational atherectomy can generate heat from the friction of the burr as it ablates atherosclerotic plaque. The objective of this study is to correlate Rotablator technique and heat generation using two experimental models. First, 2.0 mm burrs were advanced through a lesion model derived from bovine bone implanted with thermal probes. Intermittent ablation with minimal decelerations resulted in a smaller temperature increase than continuous ablation with maximal decelerations (2.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 13.9 +/- 1.0 degrees C, respectively, P < 0.01). The second model used porcine femoral arteries cradled in constricting polyethylene grafts with thermal probes in contact with the adventitia. As the burr advanced through the segment, RPM decreases of 5-7 k resulted in a temperature rise of 4.1 +/- 1.2 degrees C, whereas decelerations of 10-20 k resulted in a 11.3 +/- 6.2 degrees C temperature increase. We conclude that excessive drops in speed and aggressive advancement of the burr are related to significant increases in temperature and potential thermal injury.
Concurrent transcriptional profiling of Dirofilaria immitis and its Wolbachia endosymbiont throughout the nematode life cycle reveals coordinated gene expression (2014)

Our integrated transcriptomic study has highlighted interesting correlations between Wolbachia and D. immitis transcription throughout the life cycle and provided a resource that may be used for the development of novel intervention strategies, not only for the treatment and prevention of D. immitis infections, but of other closely related human parasites as well.
Implementation of GSM based commercial automobile tracker using PIC 18F452 and development of Google Earth embedded monitoring software (2009)

The vehicle tracker system uses conventional GSM based communication to monitor the location of an automobile at a remote monitoring station and allow stopping the vehicle when required. The system presents the vehicle driver an option to generate an alert signal at the monitoring station using a secreted switch, when in danger. The system also monitors tracker temperature and operating voltage to ensure the correct operation of the system. The PIC18F452 controller employed provides a single unit compact module with built-in ADC and UART modules. The monitoring software is developed for a user friendly GUI with visual indication of location on Google Earth and easy to understand controls. Continuous or intermittent updating of location is possible as demanded by the situation and status of the monitored vehicle. The system is designed for commercial trackers and can be used for local guidance systems.
A PINOID-Dependent Binary Switch in Apical-Basal PIN Polar Targeting Directs Auxin Efflux (2004)

Polar transport-dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-to-apical shift in PIN localization, resulting in the loss of auxin gradients and strong defects in embryo and seedling roots. Conversely, pid loss of function induces an apical-to-basal shift in PIN1 polar targeting at the inflorescence apex, accompanied by defective organogenesis. Our results show that a PINOID-dependent binary switch controls PIN polarity and mediates changes in auxin flow to create local gradients for patterning processes.
In vitro efficacy of combined treatment depends on the underlying mechanism of resistance in imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl–positive cell lines (2003)

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, formerly STI571) is an effective therapy for all stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While responses in chronic-phase CML are generally durable, resistance develops in many patients with advanced disease. We evaluated novel antileukemic agents for their potential to overcome resistance in various imatinib-resistant cell lines. Using cell proliferation assays, we investigated whether different mechanisms of resistance to imatinib would alter the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) or 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (decitabine) alone and in combination with imatinib. Our results indicate that resistance to imatinib induced by Bcr-Abl overexpression or by engineered expression of clinically relevant Bcr-Abl mutants does not induce cross-resistance to As2O3 or decitabine. Combined treatment with these agents and imatinib is beneficial in cell lines that have residual sensitivity to imatinib monotherapy, with synergistic growth inhibition achieved only at doses of imatinib that overcome resistance. In some imatinib-resistant cell lines, combination treatments that use low doses of imatinib lead to antagonism. Apoptosis studies suggest that this can be explained in part by the reduced proapoptotic activity of imatinib in resistant cell lines. These data underline the importance of resistance testing and provide a rational approach for dose-adjusted administration of imatinib when combined with other agents.
Molecular Pathopharmacology of Cellular Responses to Brain Ischemia. Involvement of calcineurin A.ALPHA. a and A.BETA. in neuronal death in a gerbil model of cerebral ischemia. (1998)

Treatment with FK506, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent phosphatase (calcineurin, CaN), within 1 hr after transient ischemia afforded protection from apoptotic death in CA1 pyramidal neurons. To investigate isoform-specific roles of CaN in the neuronal cell death, we localized CaN A alpha and CaN A beta in the gerbil hippocampus using isoform-specific antibodies. In control gerbils, immunoreactions of both isoforms were highly enriched in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Four to seven days after the induced ischemia, immunoreactivities of both isoforms were markedly reduced in the CA1 pyramidal cell and lacunosum-molecular layers. The CaN A alpha immunoreactivity was increased in the CA1 radiatum and oriens layers, whereas that of CaN A beta was enhanced in reactive astrocytes in the CA1 region. These findings suggest that CaN A alpha is involved in sprouting of afferent fibers in CA1 and that CaN A beta is involved in the reaction of astrocytes such as assembly of glial fibril acidic protein.
Computer-assisted image analysis to quantify daily growth rates of broiler chickens (2003)

1. The objective was to investigate the possibility of detecting daily body weight changes of broiler chickens with computer-assisted image analysis. 2. The experiment included 50 broiler chickens reared under commercial conditions. Ten out of 50 chickens were randomly selected and video recorded (upper view) 18 times during the 42-d growing period. The number of surface and periphery pixels from the images was used to derive a relationship between body dimension and live weight. 3. The relative error in weight estimation, expressed in terms of the standard deviation of the residuals from image surface data was 10%, while it was found to be 15% for the image periphery data. 4. Image-processing systems could be developed to assist the farmer in making important management and marketing decisions.
Ultra-fast tunable fiber-loop optical filters for dense WDM applications (1997)

A novel compact ultra-fast tunable fiber-loop filter is proposed. Although it is implemented using currently available technologies, the filter tuning speeds are three orders of magnitude faster than other currently available filters-less than a nanosecond. The filter has a compact design, and is immunized to external instabilities. By using compound configurations, a multi-nanometer tuning range can be achieved, together with a filter finesse of over 1000.
Resinas Ácidas como Catalizadores de la Adición Nucleofílica de Diferentes Alcoholes a Ésteres Grasos Epoxidados (2011)

The effects of different alcohol molecular configurations and resin structures were analyzed on the sulfonic acid-resin catalyzed addition of alcohols to epoxidized fatty esters. Emphasis was placed on the addition of a-and b-branched alcohols. Regarding the catalysts, the effect of the acid strength as well as that of the diffusion constraints on the reaction rate and products distributions, were determined. Reaction rate increases with the acid strength but the selectivity shows the opposite trend when highly branched alcohols are added. Epoxide ring-opening rate decreases by increasing the number of branches and size of the alcohol. Branches in a position introduce a higher steric hindrance than branches in b position. Low resin crosslinkage and/or high external surface area are necessary conditions to activate the epoxide when polystyrene-based resins are used as catalysts. The obtained byproducts were the ketone, from epoxide rearrangement, and trans-esterified products, when reaction times were relatively long.
A graph-theoretic approach to colour image segmentation and contour classification (1992)

The segmentation of colour pictures in a graph-theoretic context is considered. The procedure aims at identifying visually important features on the image plane, such as regions of homogeneous colour and chromatic transitions. A segmentation algorithm of the region growing type is described which operates in a given colour co-ordinate system under the influence of an appropriate colour distance measure. The suppression of artificial contouring, a specific type of artefact introduced by the segmentation of algorithm, is formulated as a dual graph-theoretic problem. A hierarchical classification of contours is obtained which facilitates the progressive elimination of the undesirable contours. >
CRISPR/Cas9 System as an Agent for Eliminating Polyomavirus JC Infection (2015)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by reactivation of the human polyomavirus JCV gene expression and its replication in oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cells in the brain. Once a rare disease seen in patients with lymphotproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders, PML has been seen more frequently in HIV-1 positive/AIDS patients as well as patients undergoing immunomodulatory therapy due for autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. As of now there is no cure for PML and in most cases disease progression leads to death within two years. Similar to other polyomaviruses, the JCV genome is small circular double stranded DNA that includes coding sequences for the viral early protein, T-antigen, which is critical for directing viral reactivation and lytic infection. Here, we employ a newly developed gene editing strategy, CRISPR/Cas9, to introduce mutations in the viral genome and, by inactivating the gene encoding T-antigen, inhibit viral replication. We first used bioinformatics screening and identified several potential targets within the JCV T-antigen gene that can serve as sites for the creation of guide RNAs (gRNAs) for positioning the Cas9 nuclease on the designated area of the viral genome for editing. Results from a series of integrated genetic and functional studies showed that transient or conditional expression of Cas9 and gRNAs specifically targets the DNA sequences corresponding to the N-terminal region of T-antigen, and by introducing mutation, interferes with expression and function of of the viral protein, hence suppressing viral replication in permissive cells. Results from SURVEYOR assay revealed no off-target effects of the JCV-specific CRISPR/Cas9 editing apparatus. These observations provide the first evidence for the employment of a gene editing strategy as a promising tool for the elimination of the JCV genome and a potential cure for PML.
Advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines (1979)

The first conference on advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines was held at the Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, Maine. It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, (Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy) and the Electric Power Research Institute, (Division of Fossil Fuel and Advanced Systems). Forty-four papers from the proceedings have been entered into EDB and ERA and one also into EAPA; three had been entered previously from other sources. The papers are concerned with US DOE research programs in this area, coal gasification, coal liquefaction, gas turbines, fluidized-bed combustion and the materials used in these processes or equipments. The materials papers involve alloys, ceramics, coatings, cladding, etc., and the fabrication and materials listing of such materials and studies involving corrosion, erosion, deposition, etc. (LTN)
Cooling vest for improving surgeons’ thermal comfort: A multidisciplinary design project (2009)

A laparoscopic surgeon sometimes experiences heat-related discomfort even though the temperature situation is moderate. The aim of this project was to design a cooling vest using a phase change material to increase thermal comfort for the surgeon. The project focused on the design process to reveal the most important parameters for the design of a cooling vest that could be demonstrated in a clinical setting. We performed an entire design process, from problem analysis, situation observations, concept for a prototype, temperature measurements, and a final design based on clinical testing. The project was conducted by a multidisciplinary team consisting of product designers, engineers, physiologists, and surgeons. We carried out four physiological demonstrations of one surgeon's skin temperatures and heart rate during different laparoscopic procedures. A commercially available cooling vest for firemen and two proof-of-concept prototypes were tested alongside a reference operation without cooling. To aid the final design, one person went through a climate chamber test with two different set-ups of cooling elements. The final design was found to improve the conditions of our test subject. It was found that whole trunk cooling was more effective than only upper trunk cooling. A final design was proposed based on the design process and the findings in the operating room and in the laboratory. Although the experiences using the vest seemed positive, further studies on several operators and more surgical procedures are needed to determine the true benefits for the operator.
Adaptive Multiscale Streamline Simulation and Inversion for High-Resolution Geomodels (2007)

Abstract A particularly efficient flow solver can be obtained by combining a recent mixed multiscale finite-element method for computing pressure and velocity fields with a streamline method for computing fluid transport. This multiscale-streamline method has shown to be a promising approach for fast flow simulations on high-resolution geologic models with multimillion grid cells. The multiscale method solves the pressure equation on a coarse grid while preserving important fine-scale details. Fine-scale heterogeneity is accounted for through a set of generalized, heterogeneous basis functions that are computed numerically by solving local flow problems. When included in the coarse-grid equations, the basis functions ensure that the global equations are consistent with the local properties of the underlying differential operators. The multiscale method offers a substantial gain in computation speed, without significant loss of accuracy, when the multiscale basis functions are updated infrequently throughout a dynamics simulation. In this paper we propose to combine the multiscale-streamline method with a recent ‘generalized travel-time inversion’ method to derive a fast and robust method for history matching high-resolution geologic models. A key point in the new method is the use of sensitivities that are calculated analytically along streamlines with little computational overhead. The sensitivities are used in the travel-time inversion formulation to give a robust quasilinear method that typically converges in a few iterations and generally avoids much of the subjective judgments and time-consuming trial-and-errors in manual history matching. Moreover, the sensitivities are used to control a procedure for adaptive updating of the basis functions only in areas with relatively large sensitivity to the production response. The sensitivity-based adaptive approach allows us to selectively update only a fraction of the total number of basis functions, which gives a substantial savings in computation time for the forward flow simulations. We demonstrate the power and utility of our approach using a simple 2D model and a highly detailed 3D geomodel. The 3D simulation model consists of more than one million cells with 69 producing wells. Using our proposed approach, history matching over a period of 7 years is accomplished in less than forty minutes on an ordinary workstation PC.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON METAL‐METAL SULFIDE ELECTRODES. PART I. APPLICATION OF ARSENIC‐ARSENIC SULFIDE, ANTIMONY‐ANTIMONY SULFIDE, AND MOLYBDENUM‐MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE ELECTRODES IN THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SULFIDE ION (1982)

Abstract Die Elektroden wurden zur quantitativen S 2‐ ‐Bestimmung durch EMK‐Messungen in Gegenwart von variierenden Konzentrationen ( 10 ‐7 ‐ 10 ‐4 M) von Fremdionen (F ‐ , Cl ‐ , Br ‐ , J ‐ , HCO 3 ‐ , CO 3 2‐ , SO 3 2‐ , SO 4 2‐ ) benutzt.
De Novo Synthesis of (+)-Isofregenedol (2008)

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of (+)-isofregenedol was achieved in 13 steps from commercially available cyclohexene oxide without the use of protecting groups. The tetrahydronaphthalenic core of isofregenedol was obtained via a gold(I)-catalyzed benzannulation recently developed in our laboratory.
Matrix metalloproteinases, the pros and cons, in liver fibrosis (2006)

Residing in the space of Disse within loose extracellular matrix (ECM) resembling that in basement membranes, the hepatic stellate cells (HSC) remain in quiescence as vitamin A storage cells. In response to liver injury HSC undergo morphologic and functional trans-differentiation, converting from vitamin A-storing, star-like cells into contractile myofibroblastic cells, a process called activation. Accompanying cellular activation, the ECM components in the space of Disse switch from matrices rich in type-IV collagen and laminin, into condensed interstitial ECM, indicating that proteolytic degradation may occur to change the microenvironment in sinusoids as well as the fate of HSC. Indeed, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a family of ECM degradative enzymes, are promptly expressed by HSC in response to diverse hepatic toxins. In vitro experiments also demonstrated the role of MMP in activation of HSC cultured in 3-D ECM. Conversely, MMP may also contribute to regression of liver fibrosis through cleavage of the fibrillar ECM and promotion of apoptosis among the activated HSC. Thus, MMP play dual roles both bad and good in liver fibrosis, depending on the timing.
SnTe Nanocrystals:  A New Example of Narrow-Gap Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2007)

A solution-phase synthesis of monodisperse SnTe nanocrystals via the reaction of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]tin(II) with trioctylphosphine telluride in oleylamine is demonstrated. The obtained SnTe nanocrystals are single-crystalline particles with a cubic rock-salt crystal structure. The size of the SnTe nanocrystals can be precisely tuned in the range of 4.5−15 nm by tailoring the reaction temperature and stabilizer concentration. These SnTe nanocrystals exhibit size-tunable band gap energies of 0.38−0.8 eV. The narrow size-distributions allow assembling SnTe nanocrystals into 3-dimensional superlattices.