gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cytotoxic properties of natural coumarins isolated from roots of Ferulago campestris (Apiaceae) and of synthetic ester derivatives of aegelinol. (2009)

Grandivittin (1), agasyllin (2), aegelinol benzoate (3) and felamidin (20), four natural coumarins isolated from Ferulago campestris, and several synthetic ester derivatives of aegelinol (4) were tested against four tumor cell lines. Some of them were shown to be marginally cytotoxic against the A549 lung cancer cell line.
Predictive Digital Control for Voltage Regulation Module Applications (2006)

A digital control technique for voltage regulation module (VRM) is investigated, which is based on a predictive current regulator. Due to the adaptive-voltage-positioning (AVP) of the VRM, the controlled variable includes a combination of output voltage and inductor current. Besides the predictive regulator, a disturbance observer is used for compensation of input voltage variations and any other source of errors, such as dead-times, parameter and model mismatches. Even if aimed to an integrated digital controller, experimental investigation has been performed using discrete components, implementing the digital control in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Experimental results on a synchronous buck DC-DC converter confirm the properties of the predictive control
Structural features of a polygalacturonase gene cloned from<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>KBN616 (1993)

A genomic gene encoding a polygalacturonase from Aspergillus oryzae, used in soy sauce production, was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene comprises 1227 bp coding for 363 amino acids with a putative prepropeptide of 28 amino acids and the open reading frame is disrupted by two short introns of 57 bp and 81 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein showed 63, 63, 63 and 64% homology with those of Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase I, Aspergillus niger polygalacturonase II, Aspergillus tubingensis polygalacturonase II and Cochliobolus carbonum polygalacturonase, respectively. There is, however, little homology among fungal, plant and bacterial polygalacturonases.
Scalable distributed visualization using off-the-shelf components (1999)

This paper describes a visualization architecture for scalable computer systems. The architecture is currently being prototyped for use in Beowulf-class clustered systems. A set of OpenGL frame buffers are driven in parallel by a set of CPUs. The visualization architecture merges the contents of these frame buffers by user-programmable associative and commulative combining operations. The system hardware is built from off-the-shelf components including OpenGL accelerators, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and gigabit network interfaces and switches. A second-generation prototype supports 60 Hz operation at 1024 × 1024 pixel resolution with interactive latency up to 1000 nodes.
Design of high PRF ferrite-loaded pulse sharpening devices (1997)

Ultrawideband radar (UWB) systems require a pulse generator to drive the antenna. The required pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for UWB systems is typically 1-30 kHz. Pulse generators with thyratron or FET switching can meet the PRF requirement, but develop relatively slow output rise-times of 2-20ns. One approach is to combine such a high PRF pulse generator with a pulse-sharpening device. The Cardiff University group has produced a design of ferrite-loaded coaxial line pulse sharpener with a flowed water dielectric layer/coolant. The line is driven with a 10 kV, 2.5 ns input pulse at 0-30 kHz (or 60 kHz in burst mode), and produces a constant 8 kV, 150 ps rise-time output pulse. This order of PRF is thought to be a unique capability for any sub-ns rise-time, kV level pulser system. The structure of the line is outlined in comparison with a line based on small ferrites and a heatshrunk dielectric layer. The centre conductor contains a set of channels which provide an additional path for coolant flow. The centre conductor also provides mechanical support for the ferrite bead. The ferrite beads are a NiZn grade with high saturation (0.45 T) and low coercivity (50 A/m).
Efficient sporulation of yeast in media buffered near pH6 (1977)

Diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae underwent meiosis and sporulation when placed in 1% potassium acetate sporulation medium. In unbuffered sporulation medium the pH rose very rapidly, reaching pH 8.4 after 2 h of sporulation. Under these conditions, the uptake of radioactive adenine and lysine was extremely limited, and ascus formation was insensitive to inhibitors such as 5-fluorouracil and canavanine. By using several different buffers, we showed that an increase in the pH of sporulation media was not necessary for sporulation to occur. Spore viability and the kinetics of ascus and prototroph formation were normal for cells sporulated in several types of media buffered as low as pH 5.5. Incubation of sporulating cells below pH 6.5 did cause separation of small but viable buds from their mother cells. With sporulating cells buffered below pH 6.5, the incorporation of radioactive adenine and lysine was greatly enhanced and cells became sensitive to inhibition by 5-fluorouracil and canavanine.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates adrenocorticotropin release in AtT- 20 cells stably expressing a common receptor for PTH and PTH-related peptide (1993)

Complementary DNA encoding a rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor was stably expressed in the murine corticotroph cell line, AtT-20. Several clones, expressing variable numbers of PTH/PTHrP receptors, were developed. In contrast to the relatively low binding affinity (apparent Kd = 15 nM) observed in COS-7 cells transiently expressing the PTH/PTHrP receptor, all AtT-20 stable transfectants bound [Nle8,18,Tyr34]bPTH(1-34)NH2 (NlePTH) with an affinity that was indistinguishable from that observed in ROS 17/2.8 cells expressing native PTH/PTHrP receptors. Additionally, NlePTH dramatically increased cAMP accumulation and ACTH release in AtT-20 cells expressing the PTH/PTHrP receptor with an ED50 of 0.6 +/- 0.3 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 nM, respectively. The high binding affinity and the high efficacy of NlePTH in stimulating cAMP accumulation and ACTH release indicate that the PTH/PTHrP receptor is efficiently coupled to the intracellular signalling system responsible for stimulation of ACTH release in AtT-20 cells. No additivity of cAMP accumulation or of ACTH release was observed when these cells were treated with maximally active concentrations of both NlePTH and CRF. This suggests that the receptors for both of these hormones share the same intracellular effectors, and that intracellular signaling in AtT-20 cells is not compartmentalized. Additionally, the ability of NlePTH to stimulate ACTH release in AtT-20 cells, a function that is normally performed by CRF, demonstrates promiscuity between activated receptors and distal biological functions.
Few Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells are sufficient to protect adult mice from lethal autoimmunity (2014)

Foxp3 specifies the Treg cell lineage and is indispensable for immune tolerance. Accordingly, rare Foxp3 mutations cause lethal autoimmunity. The mechanisms precipitating more prevalent human autoimmune diseases are poorly understood, but involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many autoimmune diseases associate with a partial Treg-cell dysfunction, yet mouse models reflecting such complex pathophysiological processes are rare. Around 95% of Foxp3(+) Treg cells can be specifically depleted in bacterial artifical chromosome (BAC)-transgenic Depletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice through diphtheria toxin (DT) treatment. However, Treg-cell depletion fails to cause autoimmunity in adult DEREG mice for unclear reasons. By crossing Foxp3(GFP) knock-in mice to DEREG mice, we introduced additional genetic susceptibility that does not affect untreated mice. Strikingly, DT treatment of DEREG × Foxp3(GFP) mice rapidly causes autoimmunity characterized by blepharitis, tissue damage, and autoantibody production. This inflammatory disease is associated with augmented T-cell activation, increased Th2 cytokine production and myeloproliferation, and is caused by defective Treg-cell homeostasis, preventing few DT-insensitive Treg cells from repopulating the niche after Treg-cell depletion. Our study provides important insights into self-tolerance. We further highlight DEREG × Foxp3(GFP) mice as a model to investigate the role of environmental factors in precipitating autoimmunity. This may help to better understand and treat human autoimmunity.
Recording and Classification of the Acoustic Environment of Hearing Aid Users (2008)

This article investigates the different acoustic signals that hearing aid users are exposed to in their everyday environment. Binaural microphone signals from recording positions close to the microphone locations of behind-the-ear hearing aids were recorded by 20 hearing aid users during daily life. The recorded signals were acoustically analyzed with regard to narrowband short-term level distributions. The subjects also performed subjective assessments of their own recordings in the laboratory using several questions from the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP) questionnaire. Both the questionnaire and the acoustic analysis data show that the importance, problems, and hearing aid benefit as well as the acoustic characteristics of the individual situations vary a lot across subjects. Therefore, in addition to a nonlinear hearing aid fitting, further signal classification and signal/situation-adaptive features are highly desirable inside modern hearing aids. These should be compatible with the variability of the individual sound environments of hearing-impaired listeners.
Progress and challenges in macroencapsulation approaches for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment: Cells, biomaterials, and devices (2015)

Macroencapsulation technology has been an attractive topic in the field of treatment for Type 1 diabetes due to mechanical stability, versatility, and retrievability of the macro-capsule design. Macro-capsules can be categorized into extravascular and intravascular devices, in which solute transport relies either on diffusion or convection, respectively. Failure of macroencapsulation strategies can be due to limited regenerative capacity of the encased insulin-producing cells, sub-optimal performance of encapsulation biomaterials, insufficient immunoisolation, excessive blood thrombosis for vascular perfusion devices, and inadequate modes of mass transfer to support cell viability and function. However, significant technical advancements have been achieved in macroencapsulation technology, namely reducing diffusion distance for oxygen and nutrients, using pro-angiogenic factors to increase vascularization for islet engraftment, and optimizing membrane permeability and selectivity to prevent immune attacks from host's body. This review presents an overview of existing macroencapsulation devices and discusses the advances based on tissue-engineering approaches that will stimulate future research and development of macroencapsulation technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1381-1402. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Curriculum based Dropout Discriminator for Domain Adaptation (2019)

Domain adaptation is essential to enable wide usage of deep learning based networks trained using large labeled datasets. Adversarial learning based techniques have shown their utility towards solving this problem using a discriminator that ensures source and target distributions are close. However, here we suggest that rather than using a point estimate, it would be useful if a distribution based discriminator could be used to bridge this gap. This could be achieved using multiple classifiers or using traditional ensemble methods. In contrast, we suggest that a Monte Carlo dropout based ensemble discriminator could suffice to obtain the distribution based discriminator. Specifically, we propose a curriculum based dropout discriminator that gradually increases the variance of the sample based distribution and the corresponding reverse gradients are used to align the source and target feature representations. The detailed results and thorough ablation analysis show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art results.
Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma (2019)

Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses.
Replacement of Lipopolysaccharide with Free Lipid A Molecules in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Mutants Lacking All Core Sugars (2009)

Escherichia coli mutants deficient in 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) biosynthesis are conditionally lethal, but their phenotypes are bypassed by certain suppressor mutations or by overexpression of MsbA, the inner membrane flippase for core-lipid A. These strains grow on broth with the tetraacylated precursor lipid IV(A) replacing lipopolysaccharide [Meredith, T. C., et al. (2006) ACS Chem. Biol. 1, 33-42]. Deletion of kdtA, which encodes the Kdo transferase, is possible under these conditions. We now show that lipid IV(A) reaches the outer surface of the outer membrane in these strains, as judged by its accessibility to the lipase PagL. On the assumption that MsbA is optimized to transport penta- or hexaacylated lipid A, we overexpressed the lauroyl- or the myristoyltransferase of lipid A biosynthesis, encoded by lpxL and lpxM, respectively, and demonstrated that kdtA deletion mutants were also viable in this setting. Although E. coli LpxL is stimulated by the presence of the Kdo disaccharide in its acceptor substrate, LpxL does slowly acylate lipid IV(A). Overexpression of LpxL from a plasmid suppressed the lethality of kdtA deletions on nutrient broth at 30 or 37 degrees C without the need for MsbA overproduction. These strains accumulated penta- and hexaacylated free lipid A containing a secondary laurate chain or a laurate and a myristate chain, respectively. Deletion of kdtA in strains overexpressing LpxM accumulated pentaacylated lipid A with a secondary myristate moiety. None of the strains lacking kdtA grew in the presence of bile salts at any temperature or on nutrient broth at 42 degrees C. Our findings show that the main function of Kdo is to provide the right substrates for the acyltransferases LpxL and LpxM, resulting in the synthesis of penta- and hexaacylated lipid A, which is optimal for the MsbA flippase.
Treatment of emulsified oils by electrocoagulation: pulsed voltage applications (2015)

The effect of pulsed voltage application on energy consumption during electrocoagulation was investigated. Three voltage profiles having the same arithmetic average with respect to time were applied to the electrodes. The specific energy consumption for these profiles were evaluated and analyzed together with oil removal efficiencies. The effects of applied voltages, electrode materials, electrode configurations, and pH on oil removal efficiency were determined. Electrocoagulation experiments were performed by using synthetic and real wastewater samples. The pulsed voltages saved energy during the electrocoagulation process. In continuous operation, energy saving was as high as 48%. Aluminum electrodes used for the treatment of emulsified oils resulted in higher oil removal efficiencies in comparison with stainless steel and iron electrodes. When the electrodes gap was less than 1 cm, higher oil removal efficiencies were obtained. The highest oil removal efficiencies were 95% and 35% for the batch and continuous operating modes, respectively.
A blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose determination trial of lokivetmab (<scp>ZTS</scp>‐00103289), a caninized, anti‐canine <scp>IL</scp>‐31 monoclonal antibody in client owned dogs with atopic dermatitis (2016)

Lokivetmab (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg) reduced pruritus compared to placebo for at least 1 month. Level and duration of response increased with increasing dose. Further studies are needed to better understand variability in individual responses across a broader population of dogs with AD.
REMANENCE ENHANCEMENT IN COMPOSITE MAGNETS OF MICROMETER SM-FE-N GRAINS AND NANOMETER FE PARTICLES (1995)

The light-induced absorption coefficient Delta alpha and the light-intensity dependence of the photorefractive parameters known as the effective trap density N-E, the mobility-recombination product mu tau(r) and the photoconductivity sigma ph have been measured for four nominally pure BaTiO3 crystals. The qualitative correlation between Delta alpha, N-E, (mu tau(r))(-1) and sigma(ph) has been revealed. The results are explained by the two-center model of deep and shallow traps.
Reconceptualizing personality disorder diagnosis in the DSM-V: The discriminant validity challenge. (1998)

Research on personality disorder (PD) diagnostic reliability, comorbidity, and treatment confirms that PD diagnoses lack discriminant validity: Our ability to describe different PDs in an abstract sense has outstripped our ability to diagnose them accurately in real-world clinical settings. Here an alternative model of PD diagnosis is presented wherein three types of information are coded on Axis II: (a) an overall rating of level of personality pathology, (b) separate intensity and impairment ratings for each relevant PD dimension, and (c) a listing of personality traits (including PD-related traits) that enhance adaptation and functioning. Possible objections to the alternative model are considered (e.g., problems of diagnostician compliance, disci-plinewide resistance to a new diagnostic framework), and advantages of the model over the current diagnostic system are discussed (e.g., greater heuristic value, increased predictive validity).
Convenient Synthesis of Mixed Ferrocenes (1997)

The deprotonated form of [(fluorene)FeCp]PF6 functions as an efficient cyclopentadienyliron (CpFe) transfer reagent to other cyclopentadienyls (Cp‘) to give mixed ferrocenes (CpFeCp‘). By using this method, many new mixed ferrocenes have been prepared, and one of the mixed ferrocenes has been used to make bi- and trimetallic compounds.
Application of Low-Viscosity Ionic Liquid to the Electrolyte of Double-Layer Capacitors (2003)

The performance of a double-layer capacitor (DLC) composed of activated carbon electrodes and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoride (EMIF)⋅2.3HF, which has extremely high conductivity with low viscosity, was examined and compared with those using the popular ionic liquid conventional aqueous electrolyte 35 wt % and nonaqueous electrolyte 1 M /propylene carbonate. The DLC using EMIF⋅2.3HF showed an intermediate capacitance and internal resistance between the aqueous and nonaqueous electrolyte systems due to its intermediate double-layer capacitance and electrolytic conductivity. EMIF⋅2.3HF afforded much higher capacitance than even at low temperatures, however, it had a lower decomposition voltage (∼2 V), resulting in lower energy density. The capacitance of EMIF⋅2.3HF was extremely dependent on the applied voltage. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Involvement of <i>N</i>‐acyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐homoserine lactone autoinducers in controlling the multicellular behaviour of <i>Serratia liquefaciens</i> (1996)

Several bacterial species possess the ability to differentiate into highly motile swarmer cells capable of rapid surface colonization. In Serratia liquefaciens, we demonstrate that initiation of swarmer-cell differentiation involves diffusible signal molecules that are released into the growth medium. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we identified N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (BHL) and N-hex anoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HHL) in cell-free Serratia culture supernatants. BHL and HHL are present in a ratio of approximately 10:1 and their structures were unequivocally confirmed by chemical synthesis. The swrl (swarmer initiation) gene, the predicted translation product of which exhibits substantial homology to the LuxI family of putative N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthases is responsible for directing synthesis of both BHL and HHL. In an swrl mutant, swarming motility is abolished but can be restored by the addition of an exogenous AHL. These results add swarming motility to the rapidly expanding list of phenotypes known to be controlled through quorum sensing.
Control and alignment of segmented-mirror telescopes: matrices, modes, and error propagation (2004)

Starting from the successful Keck telescope design, we construct and analyze the control matrix for the active control system of the primary mirror of a generalized segmented-mirror telescope, with up to 1000 segments and including an alternative sensor geometry to the one used at Keck. In particular we examine the noise propagation of the matrix and its consequences for both seeing-limited and diffraction-limited observations. The associated problem of optical alignment of such a primary mirror is also analyzed in terms of the distinct but related matrices that govern this latter problem.
Managing memory scalability in web A study in efficient inter-process memory usage (2009)

With web applications being more and more complex the need for data caching grows larger. When\nrunning ASP.NET applications under Internet Information Services in Microsoft Windows it is\nrecommended to run the application in a web farm. This is because it allows multiple requests to be\nhandled simultaneous. Problems emerge when these processes needs to share common data with\neach other since two processes cannot read each other’s memory in Microsoft Windows. Since each\nprocess has to allocate memory for the data caching individually this creates a negative impact on\nscalability. This study concludes that a shared memory solution using memory mapped files is the\nmost efficient solution regarding scalability and overall performance.
Prevalence of Late Amputations During the Current Conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq (2010)

During the current conflicts, over 950 soldiers have sustained a combat-related amputation. The majority of these are acute, but an unknown number are performed months to years after the initial injury. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of late amputations in our combat wounded. Electronic medical records and radiographs of all soldiers who had a combat-related, lower extremity injury that resulted in amputation were reviewed to confirm demographic, injury, and amputation information. Time to amputation was defined as a late amputation when it occurred more than 12 weeks following the date of injury. There were 348 major limb amputees that met inclusion criteria. Fifty-three (15.2%) amputees had a late amputation (range = 12 wk-5.5 yr). While the majority of combat-related amputations occur acutely, more than 15% occur late. This study demonstrates that further research is needed to identify predictive factors and outcomes of the late amputation.