gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Gene Transfer Method in Keratinocyte Gene Therapy: Intradermal Injection of DNA Complexed with High Mobility Group-1 Protein in Rats (2000)

In order to develop a more efficient method of introducing genes into keratinocytes in vivo, we intradermally injected DNA bound to high mobility group 1 protein, thereby taking advantages of the naked DNA and hemagglutinating virus of the Japan-liposome method reported previously. First we performed a gel mobility shift assay, which confirmed DNA binding to high mobility group 1. Then we injected beta-galactosidase expression vector complexed with high mobility group 1 into the rat skin and the activity of sample with the protein was 2-3 times higher than that without the protein as control. Semiquantification of transferred-DNA content using polymerase chain reaction and a time course of transgene expression in keratinocytes suggested that high mobility group 1 protein increased transfer of the DNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Direct injection of the DNA-high-mobility-group-1 complex is a highly efficient method for introducing genes into keratinocytes in connection with gene therapy.
Seeing Through Black Boxes : Tracking Transactions through Queues under Monitoring Resource Constraints (2010)

The problem of optimal allocation of monitoring resources for tracking transactions progressing through a distributed system, modeled as a queueing network, is considered. Two forms of monitoring information are considered, viz., locally unique transaction identifiers, and arrival and departure timestamps of transactions at each processing queue. The timestamps are assumed available at all the queues but in the absence of identifiers, only enable imprecise tracking since parallel processing can result in out-of-order departures. On the other hand, identifiers enable precise tracking but are not available without proper instrumentation. Given an instrumentation budget, only a subset of queues can be selected for production of identifiers, while the remaining queues have to resort to imprecise tracking using timestamps. The goal is then to optimally allocate the instrumentation budget to maximize the overall tracking accuracy. The challenge is that the optimal allocation strategy depends on accuracies of timestamp-based tracking at different queues, which has complex dependencies on the arrival and service processes, and the queueing discipline. We propose two simple heuristics for allocation by predicting the order of timestamp-based tracking accuracies of different queues. We derive sufficient conditions for these heuristics to achieve optimality through the notion of stochastic comparison of queues. Simulations show that our heuristics are close to optimality, even when the parameters deviate from these conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: CHELATE COMPLEXES OF PHOSPHORUS‐NITROGEN LIGANDS. 1. DEPROTONATION, CIS‐TRANS S ISOMERISM, AND ANION‐CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION IN PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES OF (O‐AMINOPHENYL)DIPHENYLPHOSPHINE (1978)

Abstract K‐tetrachloroplatinat(II) bildet bei der 1:1‐ bzw. 1:2‐molaren Umsetzung mit dem Titelliganden die cis‐Komplexe (Ia) bzw. (Ib).
Genetics of Acid Adaptation in Oral Streptococci (2001)

A growing body of information has provided insights into the mechanisms by which the oral streptococci maintain their niches in the human mouth. In at least one case, Streptococcus mutans, the organism apparently uses a panel of proteins to survive in acidic conditions while it promotes the formation of dental caries. Oral streptococci, which are not as inherently resistant to acidification, use protective schemes to ameliorate acidic plaque pH values. Existing information clearly shows that while the streptococci are highly related, very different strategies have evolved for them to take advantage of their particular location in the oral cavity. The picture that emerges is that the acid-adaptive regulatory mechanisms of the oral streptococci differ markedly from those used by Gram-negative bacteria. What future research must determine is the extent and complexity of the acid-adaptive systems in these organisms and how they permit the organisms to maintain themselves in the face of a low-pH environment and the microbial competition present in their respective niches.
On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change (1967)

Journal Article M. Brown. On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change Get access On the Theory and Measurement of Technological Change. By M. Brown. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1966. Pp. xii + 214. 45s.) K. J. Wigley K. J. Wigley Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 77, Issue 306, 1 June 1967, Pages 356–357, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229314 Published: 01 June 1967
Characterization of pneumococcal specific antibodies in healthy unvaccinated adults (1998)

Unlike the elderly, healthy middle aged adults are at relatively low risk of acquiring serious pneumococcal disease. An explanation that has been proposed is that people in this age group have significant amounts of serum antibody (primarily IgG2) that react with any pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes. The level of antibody can be as high as several hundred micrograms per milliliter of blood for some serotypes. A significant component of this reactivity is directed toward the conserved C-polysaccharide depletion. Even after C-polysaccharide depletion, which is included as a routine part of the assay to determine antibody levels, resting antibody levels in a normal healthy adult population can vary widely. We have analyzed the reactivity of serum from 76 people to 16 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes. The antibody reactivities to 13 of 16 serotypes are highly correlated with one another. Depletion of serum with C-polysaccharide and purified capsular polysaccharide inhibited antibody binding to type specific capsular polysaccharide. Cross-serotype inhibition of antibody binding was also observed. This indicates that there are materials contained within the pneumococcal polysaccharides that contribute to the cross-reactivity of serum antibodies in people that have not been vaccinated with the pneumococcal vaccine.
Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus (2018)

Rhinovirus is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections and asthma attacks, but infections are also frequently cleared from the nasal mucosa without causing symptoms. We sought to better understand host defense against rhinovirus by investigating antiviral defense in primary human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells cultured ex vivo. Surprisingly, upon rhinovirus infection or RIG-I stimulation, nasal-derived epithelial cells exhibited much more robust antiviral responses than bronchial-derived cells. Conversely, RIG-I stimulation triggered more robust activation of the NRF2-dependent oxidative stress response in bronchial cells compared to nasal cells. NRF2 activation dampened epithelial antiviral responses, whereas NRF2 knockdown enhanced antiviral responses and was protective during rhinovirus infection. These findings demonstrate a tradeoff in epithelial defense against distinct types of airway damage, namely, viral versus oxidative, and reveal differential calibration of defense responses in cells derived from different airway microenvironments.
S100A9 potentiates the activation of neutrophils by the etiological agent of gout, monosodium urate crystals (2017)

Gout is one of the most painful types of arthritis that arises when the body mounts an acute inflammatory reaction against a crystallized form of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals (MSUs). Although MSUs are known to activate neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in the synovial fluid of patients with gout, few studies have investigated the effect on neutrophils of the simultaneous stimulation with MSU and proinflammatory mediators in the inflamed joint. Herein, we focused on a protein that is highly expressed in the synovium in gout, S100A9. The predominant expression of S100A9 in and around blood vessels suggests it may prime neutrophils during their migration toward the inflamed joint. Using a combination of functional and signaling assays, we found that S100A9 enhances the production of radical oxygen species as well as IL-1 and IL-8 release by human neutrophils activated with MSU. Moreover, upstream and downstream signaling events activated by MSUs in human neutrophils were also potentiated by S100A9, including the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, tyrosine phosphorylation, the serine phosphorylation of PKC substrates, Akt, and p38. We also show that S100A9 alone increases glycolysis in human neutrophils, which is suggestive of an additional mechanism through which neutrophils can be primed. Together, our observations indicate a novel way in which S100A9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of gout, by priming neutrophils to respond to MSUs.
Combining fuzzy logic and neural networks to control an autonomous vehicle (2002)

The authors present an approach to a controller design that enables a simulated car to drive autonomously around a race track. The input to the controller is the current speed of the car and several sensor signals indicating the properties of the race track, and as its output the controller determines the car's change of direction and speed in response to the information received. The basic idea is to let a fuzzy controller supply the training data for a backpropagation neural network and use the trained network to drive the car on an unknown race track. The implementation of the proposal is described, and the driving performance of the car is evaluated. The results indicate that the combined neural/fuzzy approach is superior to solutions in which either the fuzzy controller or the neural network alone is used to drive the car.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Base-catalyzed Condensation of Progesterone with Ethyl Oxalate (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Base-catalyzed Condensation of Progesterone with Ethyl OxalateGeorge R. Allen Jr. and Martin J. WeissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1709–1714Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism responsible for the semi-insulating properties of low-temperature-grown GaAs (1994)

The mechanism responsible for the semi-insulating properties of low-temperature-grown GaAs is investigated by determining the concentration of arsenic antisite (AsGa)-related defects in the material. The concentrations of the defects in neutral and positively charged states, As0Ga and As+Ga, are determined by near-infrared absorption and magnetic circular dichroism of absorption, respectively. Materials grown and annealed at different temperatures are investigated. We find that the defects are abundant in all samples studied, with the concentration of As0Ga higher than that of As+Ga defects. The results indicate that the defects can account for the pinning of the Fermi energy and consequently also the semi-insulating properties of the material.
Identification of a Novel Nuclear Guanosine Triphosphate-Binding Protein Differentially Expressed in Renal Disease (2001)

A novel guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, chronic renal failure gene (CRFG), was discovered by differential display PCR to be regulated differentially in renal disease. Within the rat kidney, CRFG mRNA was localized to the outer medulla and was highly expressed in epithelial cells. The specific renal expression of CRFG mRNA in the outer medulla was reduced dramatically in several rat models of renal disease, including diabetic nephropathy, partial nephrectomy, ischemia, and anti-Thy1.1-induced nephritis. CRFG was localized selectively in the nucleus of human and rodent cells, as determined by immunocytochemistry and green fluorescence fusion protein. Cellular mRNA levels of CRFG were also increased after serum administration, when cells proliferate. These data suggest that CRFG may be involved in regulating guanosine triphosphate-dependent nuclear events that are associated with cell proliferation and that are important in normal renal function and essential for growth and development.
Pulsed galvanic stimulation: effects of current frequency and polarity on blood flow in healthy subjects. (1985)

The effects of pulsed galvanic stimulation on peripheral blood flow were studied in ten healthy volunteers. Electrodes were placed over vascular channels of the upper extremity and stimulation was carried out at several frequencies on two occasions with polarity reversed. Changes in blood flow and cutaneous temperature were measured by photoplethysmography and cutaneous thermistors, respectively. A trend toward greater blood flow was seen at the highest frequencies and negative polarity. There were no significant temperature variations from baseline with any frequencies. This study suggests that, based on clinical evidence, able-bodied volunteers may vary in response from patients with vasospastic disorders.
Preparation of high-performance optical coatings with fluoride nanoparticle films made from autoclaved sols (2006)

An ultralow refractive index is very advantageous when one designs antireflective coatings. We successfully obtained high-quality MgF2 thin films with ultralow refractive indices from autoclaved sols prepared from magnesium acetate and hydrofluoric acid. The MgF2 films consist of nanosized particles, and they have high laser-exposure durability at 193 nm. The reflectance of the antireflective coating with five layers, of which the top layer is formed by our method, is lower than 0.6% in the incident angle range of 0 degrees - 60 degrees at 193 nm.
Sterane Biomarker Analysis via Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (1996)

We have demonstrated the ability of an ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze North Sea and Azerbaijan oil saturate fractions for the presence of sterane biomarkers. Specifically, we have identified the C29 and C30 steranes in the North Sea fraction and the C27, C28 and C29 steranes in the Azerbaijan oil fraction by tandem mass spectrometry. Selected-reaction monitoring of the transition from the respective molecular ions to the m/z 217 was used for identification of the molecular species. The results compare favorably with other work reported on sector or triple quadrapole mass spectrometers. The ion trap mass spectrometer is a viable, economic alternative for laboratories unable to afford or maintain research grade tandem mass spectrometry systems. This may become more significant since correct identification of steranes and other geochemical marker compounds is evolving as an essential tool in environmental studies.
Brivanib Alaninate, a Dual Inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Induces Growth Inhibition in Mouse Models of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

This study provides a strong rationale for clinical investigation of brivanib in patients with HCC.
A Novel Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Approach for Network Interface Card (2009)

This paper presents a novel hardware-assisted virtualization approach for network interface card (NIC) so as to enable direct network access by guest operating system (GOS) in virtual machine monitor (VMM). With the conventional I/O virtualization method, VMM provides a simulation software interface for GOS usage and traps the access instruction when the GOS attempts to use the virtual device. We successfully designed the dual NICs arbitration mechanism and bypassed the interference of Qemu/dm. This approach improves host and guest operating systems networking performance by perceiving the real hardware interrupt and accessing the real hardware address space. Some of the bottlenecks by software simulation can be eliminated without more privilege levels transformation or intricate drives. The throughput and CPU utilization in experiment results demonstrate the high performance of direct access with minimal VMM involvement.
Differential expression of a surface antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, J11d, on unprimed and primed B cells. (1986)

Functional studies of both polyclonal and antigen-specific responses have suggested that murine B cells differ in the expression of an antigen recognized by a rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody, called J11d. Using both positive and negative selection, we now demonstrate that the J11d marker is differentially displayed on B lymphocytes responding to LPS vs anti-mu, as well as on unprimed vs specific antigen-primed B cells. Thus, cytotoxic elimination of cells expressing high levels of J11d (J11d-hi) reduced LPS-driven B cell proliferation by 60 to 80% but had no effect on anti-mu stimulated B cell growth. Interestingly, equal numbers of positively selected J11d-hi B cells responded similarly to LPS and anti-mu plus B cell growth factors, a result that suggests that the response to anti-mu of the J11d-lo B cells is normally masked by the majority J11-d-hi cells. In further studies, the primary PFC response of normal murine spleen cells to fluorescein (FL)-coupled TI antigens or to LPS in vitro was reduced dramatically by cytotoxic J11d antibody treatment. In contrast, the anti-FL PFC response of spleen cells from mice primed 1 wk previously with FL-Ficoll was not affected by J11d antibody treatment, whereas the response of these FL-primed B cells to TNP (to which the mice were not primed) was greatly reduced by J11d + complement treatment. Our data indicate that antigen-experienced (activated) B cells are primarily found in the J11d-lo B cell subset and that unprimed (resting) B cells are found in the J11d-hi population, although both populations of murine B cells can respond to anti-mu. These studies also provide further evidence for B cell heterogeneity.
Toward Nanoamphiphiles:  Efficient Synthesis of Desymmetrized Polyphenylene Dendrimers (2004)

A new synthetic approach for the desymmetrization of polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs) is described. Tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane undergoes facile Diels-Alder cycloaddition with substoichiometric quantities of tetraphenylcyclopentadienones bearing one polar functional group. A single ethynyl group is thereby converted to a rigid, selectively functionalized polyphenylene moiety, which serves as a focal point for further transformations or interfacial anchoring. This is the key feature for the design of desymmetrized monodisperse macromolecules with a spherical shape. The remaining unreacted ethynyl groups provide a trifold core for the stepwise elaboration of first- and second-generation polyphenylene dendrons, which may, in turn, bear specific numbers of different peripheral functional groups at their terminae. Moreover, the resulting macromolecules exhibit the characteristic shape-persistence and monodispersity of PPDs. This approach is an important achievement in nanosciences, especially for tailoring new nanoamphiphiles. It is also of synthetic importance, as it enables the separation of two regioisomeric polyphenylene dendrimers for the first time.
A realization of narrow-band recursive digital low-pass filter using highly quantized coefficients (1989)

A realization of a narrowband recursive digital filter using highly quantized coefficients is presented. The realization uses an accumulator structure which has a very low roundoff noise and a high pole grid density in the neighborhood of the point z=1. These features permit the coefficients of the A matrix of a state-space realization of the transfer function to be highly quantized without causing serious pole sensitivity problems. In addition, the realization is free of overflow oscillations, and requires only two effective multiplications per output sample for a second-order section.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault injection in distributed Java applications (2006)

In a network consisting of several thousands computers, the occurrence of faults is unavoidable. Being able to test the behaviour of a distributed program in an environment where we can control the faults (such as the crash of a process) is an important feature that matters in the deployment of reliable programs. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of injecting software faults in distributed Java applications. Our scheme is by extending the FAIL-FCI software. It does not require any modification of the source code of the application under test, while retaining the possibility to write high level fault scenarios. As a proof of concept, we use our tool to test FreePastry, an existing Java implementation of a distributed hash table (DHT), against node failures.
Swallowing disorders in patients with prolonged orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy tubes (1990)

Eleven patients were tested for swallowing dysfunction after prolonged orotracheal intubation. Ten had a tracheostomy tube. Mean duration of orotracheal intubation was 19.9 days, mean age 65 yr, and no patient had a concomitant neurologic deficit. All patients had a modified barium swallow with videofluoroscopy. All patients had at least one defect of 11 defects characterized. There was a mean of six defects/patient. The most common defects were delayed triggering of the swallow response (present in all patients) and pharyngeal pooling of contrast material (n = 9). Follow-up videofluoroscopy was performed in five patients (all had improved) with mean defects decreasing from 6.1 to 2.8/patient. With one exception, no patient had any defect that was worse than mild in severity. We concluded that prolonged orotracheal intubation with or without tracheostomy may cause prolonged and severe swallowing dysfunction. The deficits improve with time. The presence of a gag reflex does not confer protection against aspiration of pharyngeal contrast.