gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromelysin-1 and Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms Are Determinants of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis (2000)

The functional 5A/6A polymorphism of the stromelysin-1 promoter has been implicated as a potential genetic marker for the progression of angiographically determined atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Recently, a novel interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene functional G/C polymorphism at -174 in the promoter has also been reported. In this study, we analyzed the relation of these two polymorphisms with carotid artery atherosclerosis in 109 randomly selected, middle-aged men without exercise-induced ischemia. Atherosclerosis was quantified as intima-media thickness (IMT) by high-resolution ultrasonography. Univariately, stromelysin genotype was significantly (P:=0.015) associated with IMT, and this relation remained (P:=0.033) after adjustments for age, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, smoking, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure and for sonographers. The 5A/6A polymorphism independently explained 7% of the variance in carotid bifurcation IMT. The IL-6 polymorphism was also significantly associated (P:=0. 036) with increased IMT, with men homozygous for the G allele having IMT that was 11% greater than men homozygous for the C allele. Men who were homozygous for both the 6A and G alleles had an covariate adjusted IMT that was 36% greater than men who were homozygous for neither allele (P:<0.003). These data suggest that genetic factors that predispose to reduced matrix remodeling (stromelysin 6A allele) and to increased inflammation (IL-6 G allele) combine to increase susceptibility for intima-media thickening in the carotid bifurcation, a predilection site for atherosclerosis.
Commercialization of Nanotechnology - Taiwan Experiences (2006)

Taiwan National Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program started in 2003. The budget is about US$ 600 million for six years. Compared to some countries, this is not a big number. Our strategy is to focus on industrilization. 65% of the budget was for industrialization nanotechnology. Our National Program is an industrialization driven program. Stumbling blocks to commercializing nanotechnology and Taiwan strategic initiatives to industrializing nanotechnology will be described in this paper. The stumbling blocks will be analyzed in two different phases. The first one is from science to industry. The other one is from nanoproducts to users. Taiwan strategy initiatives including government commitment, positioning of different players and infrastructure built for nanotechnology will be discussed in this paper. To industrialize nanotechnology, linking nano novel properties to applications is essential. The first approach to be presented is novel material-driven approach, which is to derive application concepts from the unique properties of a novel material. Carbon nanocapsule and tetrapod-like zinc oxide will be used as examples to illustrate our experiences. The other approach is need-driven approach. To maintain competitiveness in some products, nanotechnology could be quite helpful. Several examples, including CNT-backlight unit (BLU) and nanoclay in PU synthetic leather will be described. Nanotechnology is a hot R& D area globally. Differentiation strategy is very important. Self-cleaning paint is cited as an example to be differentiated from others. Through nanotechnology development, we believe that our daily life will be improved dramatically.
Optically pumped InGaN/GaN lasers with wet-etched facets (2000)

Optically pumped laser action is demonstrated in InGaN/GaN double heterostructure lasers with wet-etched facets. The facets are formed by a two-step etching process which creates vertical facets with less than 5 nm roughness. The first step, photoenhanced electrochemical wet etching, is used to define the laser cavities. The second step reduces the facet roughness by crystallographic wet chemical etching. Lasing is demonstrated by an increase in the differential quantum efficiency, linewidth narrowing, and strongly polarized output above threshold. The threshold varies with cavity length from 2.4 MW/cm2 for 500 μm cavities to 23 MW/cm2 for 50 μm cavities. A modal loss of 15 cm−1 is deduced from an analysis of the threshold pumping power as a function of cavity length.
Ceftazidime-Induced Hemolysis in a Patient with Drug-Dependent Antibodies Reactive by Immune Complex and Drug Adsorption Mechanisms (1991)

A 35-year-old woman developed acute intravascular hemolysis within five days of beginning a course of ceftazidime. The direct antiglobulin test became strongly positive with both anti-IgG and anticomplement. The serum contained an antibody that, in the presence of ceftazidime, sensitized unmodified reagent cells with IgG and complement (immune-complex type). The serum also agglutinated ceftazidime-pretreated cells at room temperature and 37 degrees C (drug-adsorption type). Retrospective testing disclosed that the drug adsorption antibody, which had been present before the current course of antibiotics, was not demonstrable during the hemolysis. The reactivity of the immune complex antibody, which developed by the second day of ceftazidime, paralleled the degree of hemolysis and the strength of the direct antiglobulin test. The authors believe that this patient had two separate ceftazidime-dependent antibodies and that the antibody reactive by immune complex mechanism mediated an episode of acute intravascular hemolysis.
Whole-genome expression profiling of the marine diatom <i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i> identifies genes involved in silicon bioprocesses (2008)

Formation of complex inorganic structures is widespread in nature. Diatoms create intricately patterned cell walls of inorganic silicon that are a biomimetic model for design and generation of three-dimensional silica nanostructures. To date, only relatively simple silica structures can be generated in vitro through manipulation of known diatom phosphoproteins (silaffins) and long-chain polyamines. Here, we report the use of genome-wide transcriptome analyses of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to identify additional candidate gene products involved in the biological manipulation of silicon. Whole-genome oligonucleotide tiling arrays and tandem mass spectrometry identified transcripts for >8,000 genes, approximately 3,000 of which were not previously described and included noncoding and antisense RNAs. Gene-specific expression profiles detected a set of 75 genes induced only under low concentrations of silicon but not under low concentrations of nitrogen or iron, alkaline pH, or low temperatures. Most of these induced gene products were predicted to contain secretory signals and/or transmembrane domains but displayed no homology to known proteins. Over half of these genes were newly discovered, identified only through the use of tiling arrays. Unexpectedly, a common set of 84 genes were induced by both silicon and iron limitations, suggesting that biological manipulation of silicon may share pathways in common with iron or, alternatively, that iron may serve as a required cofactor for silicon processes. These results provide insights into the transcriptional and translational basis for the biological generation of elaborate silicon nanostructures by these ecologically important microbes.
Finding good biomarkers for sarcopenia (2012)

The term sarcopenia describes the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. While this process, in principal, occurs in every adult person and already starts around the age of 40, it is associated with disability, morbidity, and increased mortality in some individuals. In the absence of clear clinical manifestation, we today lack the ability to differentiate between physiological and pathological sarcopenia. In this regard, we need good biomarkers that can be quantified in a reliable, cost-effective manner and that guide diagnosis and therapy of pathological sarcopenia in routine clinical practice and clinical trials. We suggest that a combination of serum markers, diagnostic imaging, and functional tests of muscle function would constitute an ideal biomarker panel. Importantly, sarcopenia biomarkers will have to be tested and validated in clinical trials.
<i>OCT‐4</i>, an embryonic stem cell marker, is highly expressed in bladder cancer (2007)

OCT-4 (also known as POU5F1) is a key regulator of self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. Regarding the new cancer stem cell concept, the expression of such genes is potentially correlated with tumorigenesis and can affect some aspects of tumor behavior, such as tumor recurrence or resistance to therapies. Although OCT-4 has been introduced as a molecular marker for germ cell tumors, little is known about its expression in somatic cancers. Here, we have investigated the potential expression of OCT-4 in bladder cancer. We used semiquantitative RT-PCR to examine the expression of OCT-4 in 32 tumors, 13 apparently nontumor tissues taken from the margin of tumors and 9 normal urothelial tissues. The expression of OCT-4 at protein level was further determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. OCT-4 expression was detected in almost all examined tumors (31/32), but at much lower level (p<0.001) in some nonneoplastic samples (6/22). A significantly strong correlation of 0.6 has been observed between OCT-4 expression and the presence of tumors (p<0.001). Western blot analysis further confirmed the expression of OCT-4 in tumor biopsies. According to IHC results, OCT-4 is primarily localized in the nuclei of tumor cells, with no or low immunoreactivity in nontumor cells. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of OCT-4 in bladder cancer and a further clue to the involvement of embryonic genes in carcinogenesis.
Privatizing a State Farm in Kazakhstan (1996)

This dissolution of the Soviet Union served the state-directed linkages between state-owned farms and agribusiness enterprises ordered by the command economic system. Likewise, the dissolution disrupted marketing channels connecting the agricultural sector to a market economy those of other former republics. The transition to a market economy requires a transformation in the political and economic structures of state-owned farms and state-owned agribusiness enterprises. Directors of state-owned farms in Kazakhstan face major challenges. The primary consideration is how the farm should be organized after privatization, that is, whether the farm should be transformed into a cooperative, a joint stockholding company, or divided into several private, individual farm operations or partnerships.
Effect of Inorganic Phase Dimension on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic-Organic Hybrids Prepared from Metal Alkoxides and Polydimethylsiloxane. (1999)

Molecular-level and particle-dispersed inorganic-organic hybrids, containing TiO2 as the inorganic component, have been prepared in order to study the effect of the introduced inorganic phase dimension on the structure and properties of the hybrids. The hybrids prepared from silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and titanium ethoxide (Ti(OEt)4) in the molar ratios of Ti(OEt)4/PDMS=1, 2 and 4 were transparent with no visible particles, thus considered as molecular-level hybrids. Inorganic particles of about 50nm in diameter prepared from titanium isopropoxide were dispersed into the molecular level hybrids in the molar ratio of Ti(OEt)4/PDMS=1 to synthesize particle-dispersed hybrids. As a result of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), increasing the Ti(OEt)4/PDMS ratio in the molecular-level hybrids were found to fix the free PDMS chains more effectively into a three-dimensional network than dispersing particles. The molecular-level hybrids showed a higher Young's modulus and a smaller elongation at break due to the better developed network structure. In the particle-dispersed hybrids, the tensile strength was twice the one without particles. The mechanical properties of the hybrids were found to be affected by the incorporated inorganic phase dimension reflecting the structure of the hybrids.
The M5 Simulator: Modeling Networked Systems (2006)

Developed specifically to enable research in TCP/IP networking, the M5 simulator provides features necessary for simulating networked hosts, including full-system capability, a detailed I/O subsystem, and the ability to simulate multiple networked systems deterministically. M5's usefulness as a general-purpose architecture simulator and its liberal open-source license have led to its adoption by several academic and commercial groups.
<title>Low-cost vehicle-mounted enhanced vision system comprised of a laser illuminator and range-gated camera</title> (1996)

Considerable research has been done regarding the use of enhanced vision as a means to enable a vehicle operator to `see' through bad weather or obscuration such as smoke and dust. This research has generally emphasized Forward-looking infra-red (Flir) and millimeter-wave (radar) technologies. Flir is an acceptable approach if modest performance is all that is required. Millimeter wave radar has distinct advantages over Flir in certain cases, but generally requires operator training to interpret various display-screen presentations. The Northrop Grumman Corporation has begun a major sensor-development program to develop a prototype (eye-safe) laser-illuminator/range-gated camera system. The near-term goal is to field a system that would deliver a minimum of 3000 foot penetration of worst-case fog/obscurant. This image would appear on a display as a high resolution monochromatic image. This paper will explore the concept, the proposed automotive application, and the projected cost.
Investigations of parameters affecting the performance of polarized ring torque transducers (1993)

The interrelationships between transducer performance (as characterized by sensitivity, hysteresis and dynamic range), anisotropy influencing parameters and constructional details are examined. For rings which are mechanically attached to torque carrying shafts via the static frictional forces associated with interference fits, it is found that increasing tightness of fit first increases and then decreases sensitivity while continuously decreasing hysteresis. This also increases the range of measureable torques. Sensitivity is found to be increased by increasing the squareness ratio of the ring material via aging under stress. The effect of ring length on sensitivity appears to be less associated with demagnetizing factor than is indicated by a simple analytical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Best practice in the car after-sales service: An empirical study of Ford, Toyota, Nissan and Fiat in Germany - Part 1 (1996)

Reports on a study on the concept of car after‐sales service as applied in Germany. The study was undertaken by benchmarking four key players: Fiat AG, Nissan Deutchland, Toyota GmbH, and Ford Werk AG. Describes the factors responsible for the growing importance of the after‐sales sector in automobile marketing.
Stimulation of bone formation in the expanding inter-premaxillary suture by vitamin E, in rat (2009)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture, in rats, histomorphometrically. Methods: Thirty 50 - 60 day old Wistar rats were separated into five equal groups (one control and four experimental). All groups were subjected to inter-premaxilla expansion with 50-gram of force. Six control animals received saline solution (Group I) and three experimental groups were treated with a single dose of α-tocopherol injected into the inter-premaxillary suture after one day after appliance placement (Group II: 2 mg/kg; Group III: 10 mg/kg; and Group IV: 50 mg/kg). A further group of six animals received three injections of 10 mg/kg α-tocopherol, one each on days 3, 6, and 9 (Group V). Bone formation in the suture was evaluated by bone histomorphometry. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p ＜ 0.05 level. Results: New bone area, bone perimeter, feret’s diameter and newly formed bone measurements were significantly higher in the experimental groups than the control (p ＜ 0.001). Bone architecture in α-tocopherol administrated groups was improved, and bone formation during the expansion period was stimulated significantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: The application of α-tocopherol during the early stages to orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture areas may stimulate bone formation and shorten the retention period, in rats. (Korean J Orthod 2009;39(5):337-347)
Staphylococcus aureus in the lesions of atopic dermatitis (1974)

Quantitative aerobic cultures were obtained from fifty patients with chronic plaques, and from twenty with exudative lesions of atopic dermatitis. In the former, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 90% and the density exceeded 1 × 106/cm2 in 45% of the samples. In the exudative form, Staph. aureus was recovered in every case with a mean density of 14 × 106 organisms per cm2. Staph. aureus was the dominant organism not only in the lesions but in nearby clinically normal skin. Despite these high numbers, clinical signs of infection were lacking. Systemic and topical antibiotic therapy pro‐duced a profound decrease in Staph. aureus density. It is proposed that high numbers of Staph. aureus may aggravate the underlying lesion and be the source of Staph. aureus infections in contacts.
Polyp Detection with CT Colonography: Primary 3D Endoluminal Analysis versus Primary 2D Transverse Analysis with Computer-assisted Reader Software (2006)

Two-dimensional CAR analysis is quicker and at least matches the sensitivity of primary 3D endoluminal analysis, with fewer false-positive findings.
Activation of coagulation system in dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison of patients with and without left ventricular thrombus (2004)

We have shown that platelet activation, thrombin activation and fibrinolytic activity are increased in patients with DCM compared to control participants. However, these markers reflecting coagulation activation in patients with LV thrombus are comparable to those in patients without LV thrombus.
Next-generation sequencing-based genome-wide mutation analysis of l-lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21300 strain (2012)

In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion/deletion mutations, we performed whole-genome re-sequencing of the enhanced l-lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21300 strain. In total, 142 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 477 insertion/deletion mutations were identified in the ATCC 21300 strain when compared to 3,434 predicted genes of the wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 strain. Among them, 110 transitions and 29 transversions of single nucleotide polymorphisms were found from genes of the ATCC 21300 strain. In addition, 11 genes, involved in the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway and central carbohydrate metabolism, contained mutations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions. Interestingly, RT-PCR analysis of these 11 genes indicated that they were normally expressed in the ATCC 21300 strain. This information of genome-wide gene-associated variations will be useful for genome breeding of C. glutamicum in order to develop an industrial amino acid-producing strain with minimal mutation.
<title>Advances in LIGA-based post mold fabrication</title> (1998)

The establishment of a process to allow planarization of deep x-ray lithography based microfabricated metal components via diamond lapping has enabled examination of three additional microfabrication issues. The areas of improvement that are discussed include materials, microassembly and packaging, and multilevel fabrication. New materials work has centered on magnetic materials including precision micromagnets and surface treatments of electrodeposited materials. Assembly and packaging has been aided by deep silicon etch processing and the use of conventional precision milling equipment combined with press-fit assembly. Diffusion bonding is shown to be a particularly important approach to achieving multilevel metal mechanisms and furthermore shows promise for achieving batch assembled and packaged high aspect-ratio metal micromechanics.
An improved full-load-range isolated ZVS-PWM DC-DC converter (2002)

This paper presents an improved DC-DC converter with half of the input voltage across main switches, operating with zero voltage switching (ZVS) at full-load-range. No extra active components are necessary to achieve ZVS. Soft commutation is possible due to the presence of auxiliary resonant inductors. Two series inductors assure ZVS at high current load, while two parallel inductors assure ZVS at light current load. In this way, ZVS can be obtained for full-load-range. These features are especially interesting for applications such as telecommunications and battery charging. Analysis of the converter operation, as well as design procedures to define the values of inductors that maximize the converter efficiency are presented. Experimental results of a 1.5 kW prototype converter operating at 100 kHz with isolated 60 V/25 A output are presented. The measured efficiency was 92% at full load.
Measurement range of phase retrieval in optical surface and wavefront metrology (2009)

Phase retrieval employs very simple data collection hardware and iterative algorithms to determine the phase of an optical field. We have derived limitations on phase retrieval, as applied to optical surface and wavefront metrology, in terms of the speed of beam (i.e., f-number or numerical aperture) and amount of aberration using arguments based on sampling theory and geometrical optics. These limitations suggest methodologies for expanding these ranges by increasing the complexity of the measurement arrangement, the phase-retrieval algorithm, or both. We have simulated one of these methods where a surface is measured at unusual conjugates.
Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens Activate Ca2+-dependent Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Airway Epithelial Cells (2001)

Much of the pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis is associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dominated airway inflammation caused by bacterial infection. Respiratory epithelial cells express the polymorphonuclear chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to ligation of asialylated glycolipid receptors, which are increased on damaged or regenerating cells and those with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations. Because both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogens in cystic fibrosis, bind asialylated glycolipid receptors such as asialoGM1, we postulated that diverse bacteria can activate a common epithelial signaling pathway to elicit IL-8 expression. P. aeruginosa PAO1 but not pil mutants and S. aureus RN6390 but not the agr mutant RN6911 stimulated increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in 1HAEo- airway epithelial cells. This response stimulated p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades resulting in NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 expression. Ligation of the asialoGM1 receptor or thapsigargin-elicited Ca(2+) release activated this pathway, whereas P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide did not. The rapid kinetics of epithelial activation precluded bacterial invasion of the epithelium. Recognition of asialylated glycolipid receptors on airway epithelial cells provides a common pathway for Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms to initiate an epithelial inflammatory response.