gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diaryliodonium Salts. VIII. Decomposition of Substituted Diphenyliodonium Halides in Inert Solvents<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiaryliodonium Salts. VIII. Decomposition of Substituted Diphenyliodonium Halides in Inert Solvents1,2F. Marshall Beringer and Marvin MausnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 17, 4535–4536Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01550a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01550a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>sidecar pollen</i>, an <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> male gametophytic mutant with aberrant cell divisions during pollen development (1996)

During pollen development each product of meiosis undergoes a stereotypical pattern of cell divisions to give rise to a three-celled gametophyte, the pollen grain. First an asymmetric mitosis generates a larger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell, then the generative cell undergoes a second mitosis to give rise to two sperm cells. It is unknown how this pattern of cell divisions is controlled. We have identified an Arabidopsis gene, SIDECAR POLLEN, which is required for the normal cell division pattern during pollen development. In the genetic background of the NoO ecotype, sidecar pollen heterozygotes have about 45% wild-type pollen, 48% aborted pollen and 7% pollen with an extra cell. Homozygous sidecar pollen plants have about 20% wild-type pollen, 53% aborted pollen and 27% extra-celled pollen. Similar ratios of sidecar pollen phenotypes are seen in the Columbia ecotype but sidecar pollen is a gametophytic lethal in the Landsberg erecta ecotype. Thus this allele of sidecar pollen shows differential gametophytic penetrance and variable expressivity in different genetic backgrounds. The extra cell has the cell identity of a vegetative cell and is produced prior to any asymmetric microspore mitosis. Pollen tetrad analysis directly demonstrates that SIDECAR POLLEN is indeed expressed in male gametophytes. To our knowledge, scp is the first male gametophytic mutation to be described in Arabidopsis.
Defining and measuring river health (1999)

Summary 1. Society benefits immeasurably from rivers. Yet over the past century, humans have changed rivers dramatically, threatening river health. As a result, societal well‐being is also threatened because goods and services critical to human society are being depleted. 2. ‘Health’— shorthand for good condition (e.g. healthy economy, healthy communities) — is grounded in science yet speaks to citizens. 3. Applying the concept of health to rivers is a logical outgrowth of scientific principles, legal mandates, and changing societal values. 4. Success in protecting the condition, or health, of rivers depends on realistic models of the interactions of landscapes, rivers, and human actions. 5. Biological monitoring and biological endpoints provide the most integrative view of river condition, or river health. Multimetric biological indices are an important and relatively new approach to measuring river condition. 6. Effective multimetric indices depend on an appropriate classification system, the selection of metrics that give reliable signals of river condition, systematic sampling protocols that measure those biological signals, and analytical procedures that extract relevant biological patterns. 7. Communicating results of biological monitoring to citizens and political leaders is critical if biological monitoring is to influence environmental policies. 8. Biological monitoring is essential to identify biological responses to human actions. By using the results to describe the condition, or health, of rivers and their adjacent landscapes and to diagnose causes of degradation, we can develop restoration plans, estimate the ecological risks associated with land use plans in a watershed, or select among alternative development options to minimize river degradation.
Test driven development for device drivers and rapid hardware prototyping (2015)

Technologies like microdrivers have simplified the development of device drivers by providing protection against system crashes and allowing the use of programming tools such as debuggers. However, newer software engineering techniques such as Test Driven Development are still not available for developing device drivers, because of the stateful nature of most devices. Additionally, hardware/software codesing often causes a “chicken-and-egg” problem, because driver testing is not possible without a device and vice versa. In this paper we show how Test Driven Development for PCI device drivers works by extending a virtualization software (KVM/Qemu). We show how a fully functional device emulation can be developed and shipped independently to the driver programmer. Furthermore, we outline how the technique can be harnessed for implementing an entirely software-based PCI tracer.
Analysis of the effects of delays on load sharing (1989)

The authors study the performance characteristics of simple load-sharing algorithms for distributed systems. In the systems under consideration, it is assumed that nonnegligible delays are encountered in transferring tasks from one node to another and in gathering remote state information. Because of these delays, the state information gathered by the load-sharing algorithms is out of date by the time the load-sharing decisions are taken. The authors analyze the effects of these delays on the performance of three algorithms, called forward, reverse, and symmetric. They formulate queueing-theoretic models for each of the algorithms operating in a homogeneous system under the assumption that the task arrival process at each node is Poisson and the service times and task transfer times are exponentially distributed. Each of the models is solved using the matrix-geometric solution technique, and the important performance metrics are derived and studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Highly Selective Luminescent Switch‐On Probe for Histidine/Histidine‐Rich Proteins and Its Application in Protein Staining (2008)

No destaining required: The luminescence properties of an iridium(III)–2-phenylpyridine complex can be utilized for the detection of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels. Emissive gel images obtained upon staining with the complex are visible under UV light. The high detection sensitivity for histidine-rich proteins (right vial, compared to a non-histidine-tagged protein) suggests potential applications in the signaling of biomolecules.
KNOWLEDGE‐BASED FEATURE DISCOVERY FOR EVALUATION FUNCTIONS (1996)

Since Samuel's work on checkers over thirty years ago, much effort has been devoted to learning evaluation functions. However, all such methods are sensitive to the feature set chosen to represent the examples. If the features do not capture aspects of the examples significant for problem solving, the learned evaluation function may be inaccurate or inconsistent. Typically, good feature sets are carefully handcrafted and a great deal of time and effort goes into refining and tuning them. This paper presents an automatic knowledge‐based method for generating features for evaluation functions. The feature set is developed iteratively: features are generated, then evaluated, and this information is used to develop new features in turn. Both the contribution of a feature and its computational expense are considered in determining whether and how to develop it further. This method has been applied to two problem‐solving domains: the Othello board game and the domain of telecommunications network management. Empirical results show that the method is able to generate many known features and several novel features and to improve concept accuracy in both domains.
Effects of Antrodia camphorata Extracts on the Viability, Apoptosis, [Ca(superscript 2+)](subscript i), and MAPKs Phosphorylation of OC2 Human Oral Cancer Cells (2009)

The effect of Antrodia camphorata (AC) on human oral cancer cells has not been explored. This study examined the effect of AC on the viability, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation and Ca2+ regulation of OC2 human oral cancer cells. AC at a concentration of 25 microM induced an increase in cell viability, but AC at concentrations > or = 50 microg/ml decreased viability in a concentration-dependent manner. AC at concentrations of 100-200 microg/ml induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner as demonstrated by propidium iodide staining. AC (25 microg/ml) did not alter basal [Ca2+]i, but decreased the [Ca2+]i increases induced by ATP, bradykinin, histamine and thapsigargin. ATP, bradykinin, and histamine increased cell viability whereas thapsigargin decreased it. AC (25 microg/ml) pretreatment failed to alter ATP-induced increase in viability, potentiated bradykinin-induced increase in viability, decreased histamine-induced increase in viability and reversed thapsigargin-induced decrease in viability. Immunoblotting suggested that AC induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK MAPKs, but not p38 MAPK. Collectively, for OC2 cells, AC exerted multiple effects on their viability and [Ca2+]i, induced their ERK and JNK MAPK phosphorylation, and probably evoked their apoptosis.
Proliferation Capacity and Cytotoxic Activity Are Mediated by Functionally and Phenotypically Distinct Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells Defined by Interleukin-7Rα (CD127) and Perforin Expression (2010)

Cytotoxicity and proliferation capacity are key functions of antiviral CD8 T cells. In the present study, we investigated a series of markers to define these functions in virus-specific CD8 T cells. We provide evidence that there is a lack of coexpression of perforin and CD127 in human CD8 T cells. CD127 expression on virus-specific CD8 T cells correlated positively with proliferation capacity and negatively with perforin expression and cytotoxicity. Influenza virus-, cytomegalovirus-, and Epstein-Barr virus/human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8 T cells were predominantly composed of CD127(+) perforin(-)/CD127(-) perforin(+), and CD127(-)/perforin(-) CD8 T cells, respectively. CD127(-)/perforin(-) and CD127(-)/perforin(+) cells expressed significantly more PD-1 and CD57, respectively. Consistently, intracellular cytokine (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) responses combined to perforin detection confirmed that virus-specific CD8 T cells were mostly composed of either perforin(+)/IL-2(-) or perforin(-)/IL-2(+) cells. In addition, perforin expression and IL-2 secretion were negatively correlated in virus-specific CD8 T cells (P < 0.01). As previously shown for perforin, changes in antigen exposure modulated also CD127 expression. Based on the above results, proliferating (CD127(+)/IL-2-secreting) and cytotoxic (perforin(+)) CD8 T cells were contained within phenotypically distinct T-cell populations at different stages of activation or differentiation and showed different levels of exhaustion and senescence. Furthermore, the composition of proliferating and cytotoxic CD8 T cells for a given antiviral CD8 T-cell population appeared to be influenced by antigen exposure. These results advance our understanding of the relationship between cytotoxicity, proliferation capacity, the levels of senescence and exhaustion, and antigen exposure of antiviral memory CD8 T cells.
Stable manifold embeddings with operators satisfying the Restricted Isometry Property (2011)

Signals of interests can often be thought to come from a low dimensional signal model. The exploitation of this fact has led to many recent interesting advances in signal processing, one notable example being in the field of compressive sensing (CS). The literature on CS has established that many matrices satisfy the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP), which guarantees a stable (i.e., distance-preserving) embedding of a sparse signal model from an undersampled linear measurement system. In this work, we study the stable embedding of manifold signal models using matrices that satisfy the RIP. We show that by paying reasonable additional factors in the number of measurements, all matrices that satisfy the RIP can also be used (in conjunction with a random sign sequence) to obtain a stable embedding of a manifold.
Management of cutaneous rosacea: emphasis on new medical therapies (2014)

Management of cutaneous rosacea involves patient education, integration of proper skin care, differentiation of visible manifestations and symptoms, selecting therapies that correlate with the manifestations that are to be treated, setting realistic patient expectations on anticipated degree and time course of response and designing an overall management plan that addresses needs of the individual patient. In many cases, a combination approach is needed, and due to the chronicity of the disease long-term management is often warranted.
Controllable Synthesis and Optical Properties of Zn-Doped CdS Nanorods from Single-Source Molecular Precursors (2007)

The controllable synthesis of hexagonal Zn-doped CdS (Cd1-xZnxS, x = 0−0.3) nanorods from a class of solid air-stable single-source molecular precursors (cadmium zinc bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate), Cd1-xZnx-(DDTC)2) has been achieved by two facile steps: first, Cd1-xZnx-(DDTC)2 (x = 0−0.3) was prepared directly through precipitation reactions of stoichiometric cadmium sulfate, zinc acetate, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in distilled water under ambient condition; second, pure hexagonal phase Cd1-xZnxS (x = 0−0.3) nanorods with different aspect ratios were produced via solvothermal treatment of the precursor compounds in ethylenediamine or 50 vol % ethylenediamine aqueous solution at 180 °C for 12 h. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV−vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was observed that the optical band gap energies and photoluminescence peaks of the as-synthesized Cd1-xZnxS (x = 0−0.3) nanorods shift systematically toward shorter wavelengths with an increase of the Zn content; they are promising materials for photocatalysts and optoelectronic devices.
Assessment of tumor heterogeneity: an emerging imaging tool for clinical practice? (2012)

This review provides an overview of the application of texture analysis with different imaging modalities, CT, MRI, and PET, to date and describes the technical challenges that have limited its widespread clinical implementation so far. With further efforts to refine its application, image texture analysis has the potential to develop into a valuable clinical tool for oncologic imaging. TEACHING POINTS : • Tumor spatial heterogeneity is an important prognostic factor. • Image texture analysis is an approach of quantifying heterogeneity. • Different methods can be applied, including statistical-, model-, and transform-based methods. • Texture analysis could improve the diagnosis, tumor staging, and therapy response assessment.
Strategic organizational change: the role of leadership, learning, motivation and productivity (1998)

Presents an overview of strategic organizational change (SOC) and its managerial impact on leadership, learning, motivation and productivity. Theoretical and empirical data presented are: the sources and determinants of strategic organizational change; the management implications of SOC; organizational leadership within the context of SOC; learning aspects of SOC; the impact of SOC on organizational and individual productivity; a model that explains the relationships between SOC, leadership, learning, motivation and productivity. Depicts strategic organizational change as an integrative process with all organizational elements such as human resources, systems and technologies being considered for successful change to occur. The proposed model for strategic organizational change is an attempt to link the software and hardware components of organizations. In view of the pressures being expected from the external environment and the critical vision of organizations, research suggests that top management needs to establish a flexible and adaptive infrastructure that should lead contemporary and complex organizations to optimum levels of performance. The largest barrier to “change” is not changes to technologies and work processes but changes involving people.
Perfusion Lung Scan in Normal Volunteers (1973)

The appearance of the lung scans in 61 clinically asymptomatic volunteers is described. Of the 61 volunteers, 16% (10 subjects) exhibited some type of perfusion defect. Six subjects exhibited subtle defects, the exact nature of which is unknown. Of the 4 other subjects with major perfusion abnormalities, 3 were indistinguishable from pulmonary embolism. The uncertain etiology of the positive lung scans in this series demonstrates the non-specificity of the positive perfusion lung scans.
Adventurers in Siam in the Seventeenth Century. By E. W. Hutchinson. pp. xxvii, 283; maps and illustrations. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1940. 12<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. (1948)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Vertical monolithic integration of a GaAs/AlGaAs V-channeled substrate inner stripe laser diode and a heterojunction bipolar transistor (1990)

A GaAs/AlGaAs V-channeled substrate inner stripe laser diode has been successfully integrated with a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor in a vertical configuration for the first time. An ‘‘effective’’ threshold current (base current) as low as 8 mA was obtained. The maximum power output was beyond 5 mW per facet and the single longitudinal mode operation was achieved.
ACS meeting attracts 14,000 to San Diego (1994)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTACS meeting attracts 14,000 to San DiegoERNEST CARPENTERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1994, 72, 12, 7Publication Date (Print):March 21, 1994Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 21 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v072n012.p007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n012.p007newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1994 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Organic chemistry,Organic synthesis,Physical organic chemistry Get e-Alerts
Ferroelectric Gate AlGaN/GaN E-Mode HEMTs With High Transport and Sub-Threshold Performance (2017)

This letter demonstrated AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode (E-mode) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with 30-nm Pb(Zr,Ti)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ferroelectric gate dielectric. The high-quality interface and polarization coupling resulted in the initial pre-poled ferroelectric polarization toward surface. Then, ferroelectric polarization engineering and gate poling were studied, realizing E-mode HEMTs with very high field-effect mobility of 1819 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , ON/OFF current ratio larger than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and the low sub-threshold slope of 90 mV/decade. Owing to the undestroyed 2-D electron gases channel, ferroelectric gate GaN-based E-mode HEMTs with high transport performance are promising candidates for high-speed logic circuit applications.
Calculation of the Unit Normal Vector Using the Cross-Curve Moving Mask for Measurement Data Obtained from a Coordinate Measuring Machine (2006)

This study presents a cross-curve moving mask method to calculate the unit normal vector based on 5 or 9 data points of a freeform surface measurement. The middle point and 4 or 8 neighboring points can be constructed as two crossed curves - longitude and latitude. The unit normal vector at the middle point can be determined by calculating the cross product of two tangent vectors along these 2 crossed curves. Different curve fitting methods passing 5 or 9 data points, such as Lagrange, parametric polynomial, Bezier and B-spline methodologies, are investigated. Two kinds of surfaces, namely, a sphere surface and a shoe-shaped geometric surface are selected for evaluating the accuracy of the calculated unit normal vectors.
Cloning, expression and characterization of human kininogen domain 3 (1993)

The internal domain 3 of the heavy chain of human kininogen, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction from the kininogen cDNA clone phKG36. The DNA fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli using the ompA expression vector pASK40 and the resulting protein was isolated from periplasm, purified by S-carboxymethylpapain affinity- and ion-exchange chromatography. The recombinant human kininogen domain 3 is 92% pure, reacts with anti-kininogen antibodies and is actively inhibitory. The expected amino acid sequence of ANSM-[G253-S377] kininogen was confirmed; the inhibitor has a molecular mass of 14,396 Da and an isoelectric point of 6.0 (pH). The determined Ki values of the complexes with papain and cathepsin L are similar to those measured previously with proteolytically liberated kininogen domain 3, and those of single-domain cystatins, like chicken egg white cystatin. However, recombinant kininogen domain 3 is a weak inhibitor of cathepsin B (Ki = 63 nM) as it has been found for native L-kininogen (Ki = 340 nM).