gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of thermal polymerization of styrene by Raman scattering (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of thermal polymerization of styrene by Raman scatteringB. Chu, G. Fytas, and G. ZalczerCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 2, 395–397Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50003a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50003a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anisotropic Gaussian mutations for metropolis light transport through Hessian-Hamiltonian dynamics (2015)

The simulation of light transport in the presence of multi-bounce glossy effects and motion is challenging because the integrand is high dimensional and areas of high-contribution tend to be narrow and hard to sample. We present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) rendering algorithm that extends Metropolis Light Transport by automatically and explicitly adapting to the local shape of the integrand, thereby increasing the acceptance rate. Our algorithm characterizes the local behavior of throughput in path space using its gradient as well as its Hessian. In particular, the Hessian is able to capture the strong anisotropy of the integrand. We obtain the derivatives using automatic differentiation, which makes our solution general and easy to extend to additional sampling dimensions such as time. However, the resulting second order Taylor expansion is not a proper distribution and cannot be used directly for importance sampling. Instead, we use ideas from Hamiltonian Monte-Carlo and simulate the Hamiltonian dynamics in a flipped version of the Taylor expansion where gravity pulls particles towards the high-contribution region. Whereas such methods usually require numerical integration, we show that our quadratic landscape leads to a closed-form anisotropic Gaussian distribution for the final particle positions, and it results in a standard Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Our method excels at rendering glossy-to-glossy reflections on small and highly curved surfaces. Furthermore, unlike previous work that derives sampling anisotropy with pen and paper and only considers specific effects such as specular BSDFs, we characterize the local shape of throughput through automatic differentiation. This makes our approach very general. In particular, our method is the first MCMC rendering algorithm that is able to resolve the anisotropy in the time dimension and render difficult moving caustics.
Chinese cultural dynamics of unemployability of male adults with psychiatric disabilities in Hong Kong. (2002)

Work and employment has long been regarded as crucial for the mental health of human beings. Unemployment may lead to deterioration of physical and mental health. Nevertheless, for adults with psychiatric disabilities, discontinuity of employment is common. They may have various reasons to discontinue their employment. In Hong Kong, only 2.5% of people with psychiatric disabilities discharged from sheltered workshops are able to seek open employment. By means of illustration, the authors will show that traditional Chinese work culture tends to reinforce the discontinuity of employment of adult males with psychiatric disabilities. In Chinese culture, work is a means to occupy time, control misbehavior, show consistency of words and deeds, and to glorify parents and ancestors. All these factors contribute to the fulfillment of an adult male role and identity in traditional Chinese culture. In this case history, instead of finding realistic employment, a male adult with psychiatric disability tried to indulge himself in what he felt was his ideal job to fulfill all requirement as an adult male in Chinese culture. The imaginative ideal job gave him excuses to discontinue open employment. Its implications to vocational rehabilitation with male adults with psychiatric disability are also discussed.
Rapid and in Vivo Quantification of Cellular Lipids in <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Using Near-Infrared Raman Spectrometry (2013)

A rapid and noninvasive quantification method for cellular lipids in Chlorella vulgaris is demonstrated in this study. This method applied near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to monitor the change of signal intensities at 1440 cm(-1) and 2845-3107 cm(-1) along the nitrogen depletion period, and calibration curves relating signal intensity and cellular lipid abundance were established. The calibration curves show that signal intensity at 2845-3107 cm(-1) and cellular lipid abundance were highly correlated. When the calibration curve was applied on the lipid quantification of two unknown samples, the differences between lipid abundances estimated by the calibration curve and measured by gas chromatography were less than 2 wt %. Carotenoids produced a strong and broad peak near 1440 cm(-1), and it weakened the correlation between signal intensity and lipid abundance. The consistency of detection and effects of cellular contents and water on the Raman spectrogram of Chlorella vulgaris were also addressed. The sample pretreatment only involved centrifugation, and the time required for lipid quantification was shortened to less than 1.5 h. The rapid detection has great potential in high-throughput screening of microalgae and also provides valuable information for monitoring the quality of microalgae culture and determining parameters for the mass production of biodiesel from microalgae.
Alkyne complexes of platinum. Part 3. The synthesis and crystal structure of bis(diphenylacetylene)platinum, and studies on related compounds (1980)

The bis(alkyne)platinum complexes [Pt(R1C2R2)2][R1= R2= Ph, CH2SiMe3, C6H4OMe-4, or C(OH)Me2; R1= But, R2= SiMe3; R1= Ph, R2= SiMe3] have been prepared by treating [Pt(cod)2](cod = cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) with excess of the alkyne. This method was unsuccessful for the synthesis of the related compounds [Pt(R1C2R2)2](R1= R2= Me, Et, But, or C6H4Me-4; R1= But, R2= Me; R1= Ph, R2= Me) but these species are readily prepared from [Pt(C2H4)3] and the respective alkynes. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of [Pt(PhC2Ph)2] has shown that the crystals are monoclinic, space group P2/n, with Z= 2 in a unit cell of dimensions a= 13.163(5), b= 6.062, c= 14.354(7)Å, and β= 115.04(3)°. The structure has been solved by heavy-atom methods from automated diffractometer data, and refined to R 0.038 (R′ 0.046) for 3 433 reflections. The molecule adopts an essentially tetrahedral configuration, the angle between the two [graphic omitted] planes being 82°. The platinum atom lies on a crystallographic two-fold axis of rotation, at a mean distance of 2.022(5)Å from the acetylenic carbon atoms which are 1.291(5)Å apart. Co-ordination of the diphenylacetylene to the metal shows the expected bending of the phenyl groups away from the platinum atom [Ph–C–C 153.2(5)°]. The acetylenic stretches in the i.r. spectra of the complexes [Pt(R1C2R2)2] occur in the range 1 840–1 924 cm–1, ca. 150 cm–1 above the corresponding bands in the spectra of complexes [Pt(R1C2R2)(PR3)2], reflecting less metal–acetylene back bonding in the former. For all the complexes [Pt(R1C2R2)2] there is a downfield shift of the acetylenic-carbon resonances in the 13C n.m.r. spectra of 30–40 p.p.m. upon metal co-ordination.Equimolar amounts of [Pt(cod)2] and PhCCPh afford [Pt(PhC2Ph)(cod)], while a second mol of the acetylene yields [Pt(PhC2Ph)2]. In contrast, in the presence of excess of the alkynes 4-MeC6H4CCC6H4Me-4′, C6F5CCC6F5, and 4-MeOC6F4CCC6F4OMe-4′, [Pt(cod)2] yields monoalkyne complexes [Pt(alkyne)(cod)]. Treatment of the fluoroarylalkyne-platinum compounds with CNBut gives [Pt(R1C2R2)(CNBut)2](R1= R2= C6F5 or C6F4OMe-4). Addition of [Pt(PhC2Ph)2] to light petroleum solutions containing excess of L = CNBut, PMe3, PEt3, or PPh3 yields the complexes [Pt(PhC2Ph)L2]. By using samples containing enriched Ph13CCPh, 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts and 195Pt–13C coupling constants have been measured for these compounds, and for those species containing phosphine ligands the 13P n.m.r. spectra also recorded.
A Portable Anaerobic Microbioreactor Reveals Optimum Growth Conditions for the Methanogen <i>Methanosaeta concilii</i> (2007)

Conventional studies of the optimum growth conditions for methanogens (methane-producing, obligate anaerobic archaea) are typically conducted with serum bottles or bioreactors. The use of microfluidics to culture methanogens allows direct microscopic observations of the time-integrated response of growth. Here, we developed a microbioreactor (microBR) with approximately 1-microl microchannels to study some optimum growth conditions for the methanogen Methanosaeta concilii. The microBR is contained in an anaerobic chamber specifically designed to place it directly onto an inverted light microscope stage while maintaining a N2-CO2 environment. The methanogen was cultured for months inside microchannels of different widths. Channel width was manipulated to create various fluid velocities, allowing the direct study of the behavior and responses of M. concilii to various shear stresses and revealing an optimum shear level of approximately 20 to 35 microPa. Gradients in a single microchannel were then used to find an optimum pH level of 7.6 and an optimum total NH4-N concentration of less than 1,100 mg/liter (<47 mg/liter as free NH3-N) for M. concilii under conditions of the previously determined ideal shear stress and pH and at a temperature of 35 degrees C.
Prognostic impact of histological grade and vascular invasion compared with tumour cell proliferation in endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid type (2004)

Vascular invasion and tumour cell proliferation measured by Ki67 both had independent prognostic influence, and should be considered to identify aggressive tumours of the endometrioid subtype.
Computation of refraction static corrections using first-break traveltime differences (1989)

Abstract Differences in first-arrival traveltimes between adjacent records in multifold reflection surveys can be used to compute the depth and velocity structure of near-surface layers. The procedure uses the redundancy of first-break data in multifold surveys to enable a statistically reliable refraction analysis to be undertaken for either end-on or split-spread recording geometries. The traveltime differences as a function of source-receiver offset provide a direct indication of the number of refractors present, with each refractor being defined by an offset range with a constant time difference. For each refractor, the time-difference value at a common receiver from two shotpoints is used to partition the intercept time into the delay time at each shotpoint. This procedure is repeated until the delay times at all shotpoints and for all refractors have been computed. Refractor depths and velocities are evaluated from this suite of delay times. A surface-consistent static correction to a selected datum level is then calculated at each surface station, using a replacement velocity equal to that of the deepest refractor.In a case history from the Canadian Rocky Mountain foothills, short- and intermediate-wavelength weathering static anomalies were resolved successfully. Elevation and weathering static corrections of up to 40 ms were computed, with an estimated error of less than + or -3 ms.
DeepStance at SemEval-2016 Task 6: Detecting Stance in Tweets Using Character and Word-Level CNNs (2016)

This paper describes our approach for the Detecting Stance in Tweets task (SemEval-2016 Task 6). We utilized recent advances in short text categorization using deep learning to create word-level and character-level models. The choice between word-level and characterlevel models in each particular case was informed through validation performance. Our final system is a combination of classifiers using word-level or character-level models. We also employed novel data augmentation techniques to expand and diversify our training dataset, thus making our system more robust. Our system achieved a macro-average precision, recall and F1-scores of 0.67, 0.61 and 0.635 respectively.
Study of a Hybrid Magnet Array for an Electrodynamic Maglev Control (2013)

This paper introduces an innovative hybrid array consisting of both permanent and electro magnets. It will enable us to develop an active control mechanism for underdamped electro-dynamic suspension (EDS) Maglev systems. The proposed scheme is based on the Halbach array configuration which takes the major technical advantage from the original Halbach characteristics: a strongly concentrated magnetic field on one side of the array and a cancelled field on the opposite side. In addition, the unique feature of the proposed concept only differs from the Halbach array with permanent magnets. The total magnetic field of the array can be actively controlled through the current of the electro-magnet's coils. As a result, the magnetic force produced by the proposed hybrid array can also be controlled actively. This study focuses on the magnetic characteristics and capability of the proposed array as compared to the basic Halbach concept. The results show that the proposed array is capable of producing not only an equivalent suspension force of the basic Halbach permanent magnet array but also a controlled mode. Consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed array confirms that this study can be used as a technical framework to develop an active control mechanism for an EDS Maglev system.
High Fidelity Surface Chemical Imaging at 1000 nm Levels:  Internal Reflection IR Imaging (IRIRI) Approach (2002)

This report presents how combination of internal reflection (IR) and infrared imaging (IRI) can reach a surface spatial resolution at 1000 nm levels in the middle infrared range. As a result, vibrational spectra from these size areas can be recorded at high signal-to-noise levels. A spatial calibration of this method was performed by correlating IRIRI data with SEM micrographs and optical images of geometrically well-defined polymeric photoresists as well as Nylon fibers imbedded into a polyester matrix. The IRIRI approach has the potential of obtaining even better surface spatial resolution of vibrational spectra when internal reflection elements with greater refractive index ratios in the middle IR range become available.
[Effects of corticosteroid on Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 in nasal polyps]. (2009)

1) The expression of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 in nasal polyp are positive. 2) The effects of steroid on the nasal polyps may depend on decreasing the infiltration of eosinophils and the expression of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2.
Modulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism by X11α/Mint-1 (2000)

Modulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The phosphotyrosine-binding/protein interaction (PTB/PI) domain of X11alpha, a neuronal cytosolic adaptor protein, binds to the YENPTY sequence in the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of APP. This interaction prolongs the half-life of APP and inhibits Abeta40 and Abeta42 secretion. X11alpha/Mint-1 has multiple protein-protein interaction domains, a Munc-18 interaction domain (MID), a Cask/Lin-2 interaction domain (CID), a PTB/PI domain, and two PDZ domains. These X11alpha protein interaction domains may modulate its effect on APP processing. To test this hypothesis, we performed a deletion analysis of X11alpha effects on metabolism of APP(695) Swedish (K595N/M596L) (APP(sw)) by transient cotransfection of HEK 293 cells with: 1) X11alpha (X11alpha-wt, N-MID-CID-PTB-PDZ-PDZ-C), 2) amino-terminal deletion (X11alpha-DeltaN, PTB-PDZ-PDZ), 3) carboxyl-terminal deletion (X11alpha-DeltaPDZ, MID-CID-PTB), or 4) deletion of both termini (PTB domain only, PTB). The carboxyl terminus of X11alpha was required for stabilization of APP(sw) in cells. In contrast, the amino terminus of X11alpha was required to stimulate APPs secretion. X11alpha, X11alpha-DeltaN, and X11alpha-PTB, but not X11alpha-DeltaPDZ, were effective inhibitors of Abeta40 and Abeta42 secretion. These results suggest that additional protein interaction domains of X11alpha modulate various aspects of APP metabolism.
Polymerization of acrylonitrile by use of potassium alkoxides (1961)

The heterogeneous anionic polymerization of acrylonitrile in petroleum ether by potassium alcoholic alkoxide solutions at low temperature was studied. Alkoxides of the more electropositive metal were more active catalysts, ROK > RONa. Increasing amount of alcohol in the polymerization mixture up to a limit, had an activating effect. Yield of polymer increased with catalyst concentration. The mechanism of the polymerization consists of initiation by direct interaction of alkoxide anion with monomer, with no cocatalyst; this is substantiated by the presence of alkoxyl groups in the polymers and by the existence of steric effects of bulkyl alkoxide groups. Termination is by proton abstraction from alcohol. In accordance with this, the degree of polymerization was found to be independent of catalyst concentration, directly proportional to monomer, and inversely to alcohol concentrations, according to the equation, DP = kp[M]/kt[ROH]. Plot of DP versus monomer and the reciprocal of the alcohol concentrations gave values for kp/kt of about 35. All polymerizations showed an induction period with the following regularities. It increased with increasing concentration of alcohol and with lowering of temperature, and decreased with increasing catalyst and monomer concentrations and was smaller with the more active potassium catalysts. Induction periods seem to originate from the competing side-reaction of cyanoethylation, the initiation step of the polymerization being identical with the first step (RO− addition) in the cyanoethylation reaction. Cyanoethylation products were isolated from polymerization mixtures.
Interactive command building and sequencing for supervised autonomy (2002)

An operator interface for interactive command building and sequencing for supervised autonomy is described. The system is the ground operator control station of a local-remote telerobotics system being developed for time-delayed remote-control of Space Station Freedom robots. The system provides stereo graphics overlay on video with interactive update of the environment. The operator selects objects in the environment with which to interact, and skills to specify the task to be performed, such as grasping a module, or opening a door. The information needed by the skill to operate on a specific object is stored in a knowledge base. In more complex cases, such as inserting a grasped module into a receptacle or using a tool on an object, the parameterization is generated by the skill querying the knowledge base for both the tool being held and the object on which the operation is performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
History of medicine and the concept of endocoids. (1985)

The endocoid concept is examined in relation to the two predominant Western philosophies of medicine: The Hygeian, with its emphasis on inherent healing powers and their support, and the Asclepian, with its emphasis on diseases, their specific causes and treatment, especially by chemical agents. The rapid disclosure, in recent years, of the large and well-stocked endogenous apothecary gives strong support to the Hygeian school. At the same time, however, in documenting the powerful influence of chemical agents on the health and clinical course of the individual, it provides a strong and unprecedented link between the two contending schools of practice.
The Chemistry Of Perchlorocyclopentenes And Cyclopentadienes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry Of Perchlorocyclopentenes And CyclopentadienesH. E. Ungnade and E. T. McBeeCite this: Chem. Rev. 1958, 58, 2, 249–320Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50020a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50020a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of posterior capsular opacification through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. (2007)

Extracapsular phacoemulsification cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed in human and veterinary ophthalmology. The most frequent postoperative complication is PCO. The LEC that remain adhered to the lens capsule undergo EMT-like changes, proliferate, and migrate across the posterior lens capsule causing opacities. We have shown that COX-2, a protein associated with EMT, is upregulated in canine cataracts and PCO. Inhibiting the enzymatic activity effectively prevented EMT of LEC in our ex vivo model of PCO through pharmacologic action, and not acute toxicity. These findings indicate that using COX-2 inhibitors in vivo may be an effective technique in preventing PCO.
Versatile visual servoing without knowledge of true Jacobian (2002)

Proposes a versatile visual servoing control scheme with a Jacobian matrix estimator. The Jacobian matrix estimator does not need a priori knowledge of the kinematic structure and parameters of the robot system, such as camera and link parameters. The proposed visual servoing control scheme ensures the convergence of the image-features to desired trajectories, by using the estimated Jacobian matrix, which is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. To show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, simulation and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Anxiety Reactivity in Daily Life: A Daily Process Approach to Gene-Environment Interaction (2007)

Our findings highlight the potential value of focusing on genetic vulnerability in the context of everyday environmental triggers.