gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor isoforms GBR1a and GBR1b, appear to be associated with pre‐ and post‐synaptic elements respectively in rat and human cerebellum (1999)

1. Metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA(B), are coupled through G-proteins to K+ and Ca2+ channels in neuronal membranes. Cloning of the GABAB receptor has not uncovered receptor subtypes, but demonstrated two isoforms, designated GBR1a and GBR1b, which differ in their N terminal regions. In the rodent cerebellum GABA(B) receptors are localized to a greater extent in the molecular layer, and are reported to exist on granule cell parallel fibre terminals and Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites, which may represent pre- and post-synaptic receptors. 2. The objective of this study was to localize the mRNA splice variants, GBR1a and GBR1b for GABA(B) receptors in rat cerebellum, for comparison with the localization in human cerebellum using in situ hybridization. 3. Receptor autoradiography was performed utilizing [3H]-CGP62349 to localize GABA(B) receptors in rat and human cerebellum. Radioactively labelled oligonucleotide probes were used to localize GBR1a and GBR1b, and by dipping slides in photographic emulsion, silver grain images were obtained for quantification at the cellular level. 4. Binding of 0.5 nM [3H]-CGP62349 demonstrated significantly higher binding to GABA(B) receptors in the molecular layer than the granule cell (GC) layer of rat cerebellum (molecular layer binding 200+/-11% of GC layer; P<0.0001). GBR1a mRNA expression was found to be predominantly in the GC layer (PC layer grains 6+/-6% of GC layer grains; P<0.05), and GBR1b expression predominantly in PCs (PC layer grains 818+/-14% of GC layer grains; P<0.0001). 5. The differential distribution of GBR1a and GBR1b mRNA splice variants for GABA(B) receptors suggests a possible association of GBR1a and GBR1b with pre- and post-synaptic elements respectively.
Dejando atrás el espíritu de Dayton: La reforma constitucional en Bosnia-Herzegovina (2007)

Mas de una decada ha transcurrido desde la firma del Acuerdo de Paz de Dayton, que puso en marcha un sistema de checks and balances entre tres grupos etnicos. Sin embargo, Bosnia-Herzegovina continua inmersa en la inestabilidad y las desconfianzas etnicas, poniendo escollos a los avances en la reforma constitucional.
La retorica nacionalista ha estado en ascenso desde las elecciones del pasado ano y las instituciones estatales permanecen debiles, complicando el funcionamiento del Estado y la oportunidad de Bosnia de ser elegible como miembro de la Union Europea. Si bien la ubicacion de Bosnia en el umbral de Europa constituye una oportunidad unica para la estabilizacion e integracion del pais en la UE, dar pasos en ese sentido ha demostrado ser problematico.
Durante los 18 meses de mandato de Christian Schwarz-Schilling, Alto Representante Internacional y Representante Especial de Europa, poco se ha avanzado en las dos prioridades declaradas de la UE, concretamente el Acuerdo de Estabilidad y Asociacion (SAA, en su sigla inglesa) y la reforma de la policia.
Recien a finales de octubre de 2007, cuando esta publicacion estaba en la imprenta, seis partidos bosnios firmaron un acuerdo de reforma de la policia, varias veces pospuesto; la Comision Europea evaluaria si este acuerdo fuera suficiente para firmar un SAA, evitando el riesgo de que Bosnia-Herzegovina sea el unico pais de la region sin un acuerdo de este tipo.
Este Documento de Trabajo examina las distintas dinamicas del proceso de reforma constitucional de Bosnia-Herzegovina desde 2005. Evalua los defectos del actual sistema de democracia de Dayton y resume el papel de la comunidad internacional en los recientes intentos de reformar ese sistema.
Explica, ademas, por que fallo el llamado April Package de reforma constitucional de 2006 concluyendo que la postura pasiva de la UE ha contribuido a ese fracaso. Tambien debate las implicaciones para la politica europea en relacion a Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Una leccion a aprender es que, al contrario de otras rondas de ampliacion, Bosnia-Herzegovina representa una situacion en la que el Estado sigue siendo discutido por diferentes grupos etnicos.
Tal situacion exige un ajuste a la maquinaria de ampliacion que tenga en cuenta a Bosnia-Herzegovina como un pais en situacion de postconflicto, y que ofrezca un marco para la estabilizacion politica adecuado a las condiciones de los Balcanes occidentales.
Comparison of False-Positive Reactions in Direct-Binding Anti-HIV ELISA Using Cell Lysate or Recombinant Antigens (1990)

In a 2-year study of false-positive anti-HIV-1 tests in blood donors at Manchester and Lancaster Blood Banks, the reactions associated with a HIV-infected cell lysate antigen were compared with those using recombinant- antigen-based tests. In year 1 (cell lysate test) at Manchester BTS 0.21% of 119,178 donations were repeatedly reactive, compared with 0.53% of 119,004 donations in year 2 (recombinant antigen). Reactive sera were tested at Manchester PHL by three different immunoassays. Referred specimens were classified as anti-HIV positive (95-100% reactive in all the assays), equivocal or negative (negative results in all three immunoassays). Two donors were confirmed to be anti-HIV positive over the 2-year period. Most sera were negative by confirmatory immunoassays in years 1 and 2. In year 1, a study of 60 referred sera with sex- and age-matched controls showed high correlation between a reactive anti-HIV-1 screening test and indeterminate anti-HIV-1 patterns on Western blot showing reactions with HIV gag-coded proteins. In year 2, less than 10% of referred sera were reactive by Western blot, and there was no correlation between a reactive screening anti-HIV test, the strength of signal in the test or a reactive Western blot. Follow-up showed that donors whose sera were reactive in years 1 and 2 by the anti-HIV-1 screening test formed almost two different populations. Four donors with equivocal anti-HIV-1 confirmatory tests had anti-HIV ‘envelope’ reactions. The follow-up of donors with equivocal confirmatory immunoassays on Western blot failed to show an increase in the strength of immunoassay reaction or Western blot reaction, with the possible exception of 1 donor with an anti-HIV-p24 reaction by Western blot. Most confirmatory testing can be done using immunoassays. The significance of the Western blot reactions needs further investigation.
Adaptive Receiver Structures for Fiber Communication Systems Employing Polarization Division Multiplexing: High Symbol Rate Case (2010)

Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) has been proposed as a scheme for increasing data rates in fiber optic communication systems. In the PDM scheme, the use of two orthogonal polarizations as alternative data paths is a promising approach in terms of doubling the information rate relative to conventional schemes. However, due to the severe distortion caused by the propagation medium, especially the Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), the development of receiver compensation methods are critical for the deployment of PDM based transceivers. This article proposes a receiver compensation method for high symbol rate fiber optic communication links, where the two data streams sent through orthogonal polarizations are mixed by the fiber channel not only in space but also in time. The proposed receiver algorithm adaptively recovers the original pair of data streams from their space-time mixtures. We also provide simulation results for an end-to-end fiber communication link to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-Dioxin (TCDD) Inhibits Differentiation and Increases Apoptotic Cell Death of Precursor T-Cells in the Fetal Mouse Thymus (2005)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes thymic atrophy as well as alterations in thymocyte maturity in mice. Multiple mechanisms for thymic hypocellularity have been suggested, and include an increase in thymocyte apoptosis, a maturation arrest of thymocyte development, inhibited thymocyte proliferation, and a diminution of seeding of the thymus by the hematopoietic progenitors in the fetal liver or adult bone marrow. Fetal mice are highly sensitive to hypocellularity induction by TCDD when the chemical is administered during the window of thymic development, between days 10 and 18 of gestation. Treatment of pregnant C57Bl/6 mice in the present experiments with doses of 5 or 10 mu g/kg TCDD by oral gavage on gestation days 14 and 16 severely depressed day 18 thymic cellularity. Histopathologic evaluation of day 18 fetal thymi showed disruption of the normal organ architecture with loss of clear distinction between cortical and medullary regions after TCDD. A decrease in thymocyte density was noted in all regions, and was most dramatic in the cortical zones where pyknotic cells were increased by TCDD treatment. Using day 18 thymocyte suspensions and flow cytometry, the marker 7-AAD showed a decrease in viable thymocytes from TCDD-treated fetal mice, and a concomitant and dose-related increase of thymocytes in early apoptosis. Specifically, relative to control, thymocytes from the 5 and 10 mug/kg TCDD exposure groups displayed 1.9% and 5.3% respective increases in early apoptotic cells. When thymocytes were co-identified by CD4 and CD8 cell surface antigen expression, the enhanced apoptosis occurred in the CD4(+)CD8(+) phenotype with no significant apoptosis seen in the CD4(-)CD8(-), CD4(+)CD8(-), or CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes. Given the rapid clearance of apoptotic cells from the thymus, these histopathologic and cytometric data suggest increased thymocyte apoptosis contributes to fetal thymic atrophy after TCDD exposure.
A general method for gene isolation in tagging approaches: amplification of insertion mutagenised sites (AIMS) (1998)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based procedure for the isolation of genes in transposon or T‐DNA tagging approaches has been developed. The method can be generally applied and allows the rapid isolation of putative gene sequences even in the presence of high numbers of insertion sequences. The technique has been used successfully for the isolation of the maize Bx1 gene tagged by a Mutator element.
Design and implementation of heterogeneous network management algorithm (2010)

The Telematics is the integration of telecommunication and informatics. It is also known as ICT (Information and Communications Technology). The application trends of Telematics is to establish a user friendly vehicle communication environment to merge the information for the traffic safety, road navigation, remote business, and A/V entertainment, etc. In the future, a portable Telematics system which integrates multimedia infotainment networks (Bluetooth, MOST), short range communications (WLAN, DSRC), long distance communications (GPS, DAB, 3.5G, Wi-MAX), and cooperates with service provider will be mainstream of the market to save cost and enhance seamless communication efficiency. The key technologies of Telematics are the heterogeneous communication and information fusion. In this thesis, we proposed the network management algorithm to monitor and predict the channel variations and power attenuation in physical layer. The proposed method could be implemented in Heterogeneous Internet Device (HID) which could manage multiple communications including wireless devices (3.5G, Wi-Fi, DSRC) and wired interface (Ethernet) based on Android OS. We establish the HID system prototype on different platforms as portable devices, on board unit (OBU), and home/public gateway to realize ubiquitous seamless services.
Virtualisation as a Means for Dynamic Software Update within the Automotive E/E Architecture (2019)

Software, in the context of connected and autonomous vehicles, is both the means for feature enhancement as well as the bearer of potential security risks and bugs. Software needs regular updating/upgrading to mitigate safety and security risks as well as to upgrade and add new functionality post-sale. Currently, to administer a software update the vehicle must be taken to a dealer or be parked and powered down; incurring significant downtime and inconvenience to the consumer. As autonomous vehicles roll out on our roads, the software will have to be updated seamlessly requiring minimum intervention and downtime. However, the existing automotive E/E architecture does not render itself to online dynamic updates or even partial updates while the car is operating with its software still in use. This paper presents as proof-of-concept, a container based (operating system level virtualisation) ECU approach to facilitate dynamic software updates in connected autonomous vehicles. The proposed approach was tested examining overall system latencies with promising results. Apart from finding a very convincing use case for automotive software updates, the use of a container based E/E architecture within the connected and autonomous vehicle can be enhanced. These supplementary enhancements include an overall reduced system weight and volume by limiting the need for distinct dedicated hardware and allowing multiple application-specific OS's to co-exist.
Comparative TDR Analysis as a Packaging FA Tool (1999)

Abstract Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is increasingly being utilized as a failure analysis tool in the semiconductor industry. TDR can provide fast, nondestructive analysis of packaged integrated circuits. With one measurement, TDR analysis can provide instant identification of the general region of the fail site, whether it exists in the substrate, interconnect region, or in the die. A digital sampling oscilloscope with a TDR module supplies a fast risetime voltage edge to the signal pin of interest, and then records the subsequent voltage edge reflections. The time delay between the incident and reflected electrical signals are analyzed to characterize the electrical path of the signal pin. Initial implementation of TDR as an FA tool by the authors was in a comparative analysis method, where the TDR measurement from an unassembled substrate is used as the basis of comparison for the TDR measurement from the failing unit. Current development focuses on signature analysis of the TDR waveform for a given substrate path (including BGA substrate, flip-chip solder bump and pads, and flip-chip die). Interpretation of the TDR measurements for both comparative analysis and signature analysis of the TDR waveform will be discussed in this paper.
China - Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project : resettlement plan (2007)

The Development Objectives of Han River Urban Environment Improvement Project for China is to reduce the pollution caused by wastewater and solid waste in selected secondary cities, located in the Han River Basin areas in Hubei Province. This resettlement plan (RAP) document assesses resettlement impacts and proposes measures to mitigate them. The report makes the following recommendations : encourage participation of project affected peoples (PAPs), adopt proposals from local residents during design and construction to reduce the amount of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, as much as possible; reduce all kinds of negative social impacts on villagers residing around the project, as much as possible; try to lay waste water pipe networks in the middle of the road or on the edge of it, so as to avoid house displacing; shorten the information processing period to ensure that various problems during project implementation are resolved on time; displaced peoples and enterprises will receive assistance from local government departments by providing them with the necessary assistance to reduce their burden and loss; compensate for loss of house, land, plot, crops and financial loss of businesses; avoid loss of social services : schools, health facilities, etc.; hold special consultation meetings about resettlement options for vulnerable groups; and finally, strictly carry-out China's environmental protection rule of law, national laws and regulation, the land acquisition acts of China, Hubei Province's local laws and policies, and the Bank's safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement for displaced persons (OP 4.12).
Automated Time Delay Estimation for Distributed Sensor Systems of Electric Vehicles (2019)

Deviations between electric current measurements and reality can cause severe problems in the power train of electric vehicles (EVs). Among others, these are unnecessary power limitations and inaccurate performance coordination during driving or charging. One reason for these deviations are time delays. In this paper, we present three different approaches for time delay estimation (TDE) and evaluate these with real data from power trains of EVs. Besides the accuracy of the TDE, the focus of our evaluation lies on the computational efficiency to enable an execution on automotive electronic control units (ECUs). The Linear Regression approach suffers even from small noise and offsets in the measurement data and is unsuited for our purpose. A better alternative is the Variance Minimization approach. It is not only more noise-resistant but also very efficient after the first execution. Another interesting approach are Adaptive Filters presented by Emadzadeh et al. Unfortunately, Adaptive Filters do not reach the accuracy and efficiency of Variance Minimization in our experiments. Thus, we recommend Variance Minimization for TDE of current signals in the power train of EVs.
Molecular imaging of active mutant L858R EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase-expressing nonsmall cell lung carcinomas using PET/CT (2011)

The importance of the EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in the development and progression of nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) is widely recognized. Gene sequencing studies revealed that a majority of tumors responding to EGFR kinase inhibitors harbor activating mutations in the EGFR kinase domain. This underscores the need for novel biomarkers and diagnostic imaging approaches to identify patients who may benefit from particular therapeutic agents and approaches with improved efficacy and safety profiles. To this goal, we developed 4-[(3-iodophenyl)amino]-7-{2-[2-{2-(2-[2-{2-([(18)F]fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy}-ethoxy]-ethoxy)-ethoxy}-ethoxy]-quinazoline-6-yl-acrylamide ([(18)F]F-PEG6-IPQA), a radiotracer with increased selectivity and irreversible binding to the active mutant L858R EGFR kinase. We show that PET with [(18)F]F-PEG6-IPQA in tumor-bearing mice discriminates H3255 NSCLC xenografts expressing L858R mutant EGFR from H441 and PC14 xenografts expressing EGFR or H1975 xenografts with L858R/T790M dual mutation in EGFR kinase domain, which confers resistance to EGFR inhibitors (i.e., gefitinib). The T790M mutation precludes the [(18)F]F-PEG6-IPQA from irreversible binding to EGFR. These results suggest that PET with [(18)F]F-PEG6-IPQA could be used for the selection of NSCLC patients for individualized therapy with small molecular inhibitors of EGFR kinase that are currently used in the clinic and have a similar structure (i.e., iressa, gefitinib, and erlotinib).
The mouse <i>Fgf8</i> gene encodes a family of polypeptides and is expressed in regions that direct outgrowth and patterning in the developing embryo (1995)

Evidence is accumulating that members of the FGF gene family provide signals that act locally to regulate growth and patterning in vertebrate embryos. In this report, we provide a detailed analysis of the mouse Fgf8 gene. We have mapped the Fgf8 locus to the distal region of mouse chromosome 19, and sequenced the 5' coding region of the gene. Our data identify a new coding exon, and locate multiple splice donor and splice acceptor sites that can be used to produce at least seven transcripts encoding a family of secreted FGF8 proteins with different N termini. From these results, it appears that Fgf8 is structurally the most complex member of the FGF family described to date. In the embryo, many of the regions in which Fgf8 RNA is localized are known to direct outgrowth and patterning, including the apical ectodermal ridge of the limb bud, the primitive streak and tail bud, the surface ectoderm overlying the facial primorida and the midbrain-hindbrain junction, suggesting that FGF8 may be a component of the regulatory signals that emanate from these regions.
Aconitase as Iron−Sulfur Protein, Enzyme, and Iron-Regulatory Protein (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAconitase as Iron−Sulfur Protein, Enzyme, and Iron-Regulatory ProteinHelmut Beinert, Mary Claire Kennedy, and C. David StoutView Author Information Institute for Enzyme Research, Graduate School, and Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 7, 2335–2374Publication Date (Web):November 7, 1996Publication History Received21 February 1996Revised20 May 1996Published online7 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950040zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950040zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4873Altmetric-Citations499LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Iron-sulfur clusters,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Surface interactions Get e-Alerts
Vector Processing as a Soft Processor Accelerator (2009)

Current FPGA soft processor systems use dedicated hardware modules or accelerators to speed up data-parallel applications. This work explores an alternative approach of using a soft vector processor as a general-purpose accelerator. The approach has the benefits of a purely software-oriented development model, a fixed ISA allowing parallel software and hardware development, a single accelerator that can accelerate multiple applications, and scalable performance from the same source code. With no hardware design experience needed, a software programmer can make area-versus-performance trade-offs by scaling the number of functional units and register file bandwidth with a single parameter. A soft vector processor can be further customized by a number of secondary parameters to add or remove features for a specific application to optimize resource utilization. This article introduces VIPERS, a soft vector processor architecture that maps efficiently into an FPGA and provides a scalable amount of performance for a reasonable amount of area. Compared to a Nios II/s processor, instances of VIPERS with 32 processing lanes achieve up to 44× speedup using up to 26× the area.