gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Infrared Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy. A Chemical Sensors Approach (1999)

First steps toward a novel chemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer as the recognition element and infrared evanescent wave spectroscopy as transduction principle are presented. Noncovalently imprinted polymer layers selective for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) have been prepared on the surface of zinc selenide attenuated total reflection elements. Selective and reversible binding of the template to the imprinted polymer could be observed on-line by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Control experiments were performed with nonimprinted reference polymers and with a structurally related compound. The obtained selectivity data correlate well with those previously obtained with molecularly imprinted polymers using radioligand binding assays. This demonstrates the potential for constructing stable and selective sensors for low-molecular-weight organic substances based on FT-IR spectroscopy. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy is demonstrated to be a valuable tool for deeper investigation of the binding mechanism in molecularly imprinted polymers.
A Cell-Free Microtiter Plate Screen for Improved [FeFe] Hydrogenases (2010)

Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the screen presented here for large-scale efforts to identify improved biocatalysts for energy applications. The system is based on our ability to activate these complex enzymes in E. coli cell extracts, which allows unhindered access to the protein maturation and assay environment.
The Social Web of Things (SWoT)- Structuring an Integrated Social Network for Human, Things and Services (2014)

In recent years, the development of IoT (Internet of Things) technology has given people many ways to obtain information through various types of physical devices. In parallel with that trend, people rely more on context-aware service and devices in many aspects, such as health care and elderly home care. However, traditional sensors are typically locked into closed systems, which hinder the access to such sensors that can be available in other information systems. Establishing free communication between human and physical things will help build a network with hybrid intelligence and amazing services. In order to share information and enable the communication between both physical devices and human, we proposed a SWoT (Social Web of Thing) framework in this paper that establishes social networking between embedded devices, services and human. Through the supernetwork approach, we discussed the service discovery in the SWoT system with heterogeneous social relations. At last, we introduced the MagicHome prototype of SWoT.
2,2′‐Bipyrenyl and <i>para</i>‐Terpyrenyl—A New Type of Electronically Decoupled Oligoarylene (1994)

By bridging over centers that lie in nodal planes of the frontier orbitals, the electronic decoupling of the pyrene units in the new compounds bipyrenyl 1 and para-terpyrenyl 2 is achieved. This causes the electronic situation to differ fundamentally from that in biphenyl, oligo(para-phenylene)s, and related oligoarylenes. R is, for example, n-pentyl.
Single-longitudinal-mode, tunable, pulsed Ti:sapphire laser oscillator (1989)

A 2.0-mJ/pulse, 2-nsec, single-longitudinal-mode Ti:sapphire laser oscillator has been demonstrated in a compact grazing-incidence cavity configuration similar to a Littman arrangement. The oscillator's output beam quality is TEM(00), making it attractive for doubling and mixing applications. With currently available optics the laser is tunable over greater than 2500 cm(-1) from 746 to 918 nm.
Pancreatic β-Cell Lipotoxicity Induced by Overexpression of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (2003)

Lipid perturbations associated with triglyceride overstorage in beta-cells impair insulin secretion, a process termed lipotoxicity. To assess the role of hormone-sensitive lipase, which is expressed and enzymatically active in beta-cells, in the development of lipotoxicity, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing hormone-sensitive lipase specifically in beta-cells. Transgenic mice developed glucose intolerance and severely blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion when challenged with a high-fat diet. As expected, both lipase activity and forskolin-stimulated lipolysis was increased in transgenic compared with wild-type islets. This was reflected in significantly lower triglycerides levels in transgenic compared with wild-type islets in mice receiving the high-fat diet, whereas no difference in islet triglycerides was found between the two genotypes under low-fat diet conditions. Our results highlight the importance of mobilization of the islet triglyceride pool in the development of beta-cell lipotoxicity. We propose that hormone-sensitive lipase is involved in mediating beta-cell lipotoxicity by providing ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and other lipid-activated transcription factors, which in turn alter the expression of critical genes. One such gene might be uncoupling protein-2, which was found to be upregulated in transgenic islets, a change that was accompanied by decreased ATP levels.
Pot economy and one-pot synthesis (2016)

The one-pot synthesis of a target molecule in the same reaction vessel is widely considered to be an efficient approach in synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, the characteristics and limitations of various one-pot syntheses of biologically active molecules are explained, primarily involving organocatalytic methods as key tactics. Besides catalysis, the pot-economy concepts presented herein are also applicable to organometallic and organic reaction methods in general.
Conditions for Criticism (1991)

This book studies changes in the practice of literary criticism in the nineteenth century and locates those changes within wider movements in British intellectual culture. The growth of knowledge and its subsequent institutionalization in universities produced new forms of intellectual authority. This book examines these processes in a wide variety of disciplines, including economics, historiography, sociology, psychology, and philosophical aesthetics, and explores their impact upon literary criticism. Its thesis is that the work of late nineteenth-century writers such as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde can be best understood in terms of their engagement with, and reaction to, these general intellectual changes, a view which in its turn reveals the seriousness of their work.
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Nanocarbon Arrays for Substrate Enhancement in Flexible Supercapacitors (2017)

Direct assembling of active materials on carbon cloth (CC) is a promising way to achieve flexible electrodes for energy storage. However, the overall surface area and electrical conductivity of such electrodes are usually limited. Herein, 2D metal-organic framework derived nanocarbon nanowall (MOFC) arrays are successfully developed on carbon cloth by a facile solution + carbonization process. Upon growth of the MOFC arrays, the sites for growth of the active materials are greatly increased, and the equivalent series resistance is decreased, which contribute to the enhancement of the bare CC substrate. After decorating ultrathin flakes of MnO<sub>2</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> on the flexible CC/MOFC substrate, the hierarchical electrode materials show an abrupt improvement of areal capacitances by around 50% and 100%, respectively, compared to those of the active materials on pristine carbon cloth. A flexible supercapacitor can be further assembled using two hierarchical electrodes, which demonstrates an energy density of 124.8 µWh cm<sup>-2</sup> at the power density of 2.55 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> .
<i>Voluntary Sequestrations and Liberty Psychoses</i> [<i>Les Séquestrations volontaires et les psychoses de la liberté</i>]. (<i>Ann. Méd.-Psych., December, 1921</i>.) <i>Courbon, Paul</i>. (1922)

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Shoulder stiffness: diagnosis. (2004)

Clinical history and examination is effective in differentiating rotator cuff tears, impingement and frozen shoulder. Restriction of glenohumeral joint motion, particularly in external rotation, with no abnormality on X-ray is strongly suggestive of the diagnosis of frozen shoulder. Plain true anteroposterior X-rays are important to identify glenohumeral joint arthritis. Ultrasound is often helpful for confirming or denying rotator cuff tears when there is doubt on the clinical examination.
Assessment of bruxism in the clinic* (2008)

Bruxism is a much-discussed clinical issue in dentistry. Although bruxism is not a life-threatening disorder, it can influence the quality of human life, especially through dental problems, such as tooth wear, frequent fractures of dental restorations and pain in the oro-facial region. Therefore, various clinical methods have been devised to assess bruxism over the last 70 years. This paper reviews the assessment of bruxism, provides information on various assessment methods which are available in clinical situations and discusses their effectiveness and usefulness. Currently, there is no definitive method for assessing bruxism clinically that has reasonable diagnostic and technical validity, affects therapeutic decisions and is cost effective. One future direction is to refine questionnaire items and clinical examination because they are the easiest to apply in everyday practice. Another possible direction is to establish a method that can measure actual bruxism activity directly using a device that can be applied to patients routinely. More clinical studies should examine the clinical impact of bruxism on oral structures, treatment success and the factors influencing the decision-making process in dental treatment.
Hypoxic neuronal necrosis: Protein synthesis-independent activation of a cell death program (2003)

Hypoxic necrosis of dentate gyrus neurons in primary culture required the activation of an orderly cell death program independent of protein synthesis. Early mitochondrial swelling and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential were accompanied by release of cytochrome c and followed by caspase-9-dependent activation of caspase-3. Caspase-3 and -9 inhibitors reduced neuronal necrosis. Calcium directly induced cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Hypoxic neuronal necrosis may be an active process in which the direct effect of hypoxia on mitochondria may lead to the final common pathway of caspase-3-mediated neuronal death.
Plato's Euthydemus: analysis of what is and is not philosophy (1993)

With Plato's Euthydemus, Thomas Chance solves a long-standing riddle of Platonic studies. Thought to be an early, immature work, the Euthydemus has come across to scholars as lacking Plato's characteristic greatness. This apparent lack, Chance argues, is not a failure of the text but of scholarly perception. He advances a single thesis: that Plato deliberately presents eristic - contentious debate - as the antithesis to his own philosophical method. Once this thesis is accepted, the hidden purpose of the Euthydemus becomes manifest: Plato has used the occasion of his dialogue to combine a crafted parody of sophistic antilogy with a subtle yet forceful exhortation designed to persuade all of us to pursue virtue and to love wisdom.
New approach for the simple and economic preparation of inorganic bromide salts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew approach for the simple and economic preparation of inorganic bromide saltsRonit Aizenberg, Onn Arrad, and Yoel SassonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 1, 431–434Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00001a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selection for Drought Tolerance Increases Maize Yields across a Range of Nitrogen Levels (1999)

It is not known whether selection for improved tolerance to a specific abiotic stress leads to correlated changes in performance under other stresses. Drought and N deficiency are important constraints to production in the tropics. We examined the effect of selection for drought tolerance on performance of tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) under a range of N levels. Original and advanced selections of four populations, improved for tolerance to midseason drought for two to eight recurrent selection cycles each, were evaluated in two experiments under severe N stress, one experiment under medium N stress, and two well‐fertilized experiments. Nitrogen accumulated in the aboveground biomass at maturity averaged 52, 63, 105, 151, and 163 kg N ha −1 in the five experiments, and grain yields of 3.0, 2.9, 5.2, 6.0, and 6.5 Mg ha −1 were obtained. Selection for tolerance to midseason drought stress increased grain yields by an average of 86 kg ha −1 yr −1 with nonsignificantly larger gains under severe N stress (100 kg ha −1 yr −1 ). Drought‐tolerant selections had increased biomass and N accumulation at maturity, the changes being largest under severe N stress. Additionally, drought‐tolerant selection cycles were associated with delayed leaf senescence and an increased or unchanged N harvest index, indicating that leaf N was used more efficiently for grain production. Selection for tolerance to midseason drought stress appears to increase grain yield across a range of N stress levels and may lead to morphological and physiological changes that are of particular advantage under N stress.
Gesundheitsreform: Das ändert sich ab 2007 (2007)

Am 1. April 2007 tritt sie in Kraft: Die Gesundheitsreform mit dem erstaunlichen Titel „Wettbewerbsstärkungsgesetz“. Nicht nur mit dem Titel können wenige etwas anfangen, auch die Inhalte sind schlecht nachvollziehbar. Hier die wichtigsten Punkte mit wahrscheinlichen Auswirkungen auf die Physiotherapie.
Fourier analysis of multicomponent chromatograms. Theory and models (1990)

On the basis of only the assumptions of the independence between peak heights and peak position and of stationary retention time distribution and under the hypothesis of constant peak shape, Fourier analysis is applied to analyze the structure of multicomponent chromatograms. In essence analysis is made of the properties of the chromatographic response covariance as a function of time distance and of Its Fourier transform which Is the power spectrum (PS). A general theoretical expression for the PS of the chromatogram is derived as a function of relative peak height dispersion, peak position distribution, and peak shape properties. The PS of the total chromatogram has the property of being proportional to the PS of a single-component peak. Detailed expressions for the PS and of the autocovariance function of chromatograms having different retention time distributions are presented and discussed. The PS of multicomponent chromatograms having Poissonlan retention time distribution Is found to be congruent to the PS of the single-component peak. A new way to obtain the statistical attributes of multicomponent chromatograms (i.e. retention time distribution type, number of components In the chromatogram and peak shape properties) Is thus emphasized. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Computational Design of New Refrigerant Fluids Based on Environmental, Safety, and Thermodynamic Characteristics (2012)

We present a systematic search for new classes of refrigerants that would possess low values of global warming potential (GWP), along with low- to moderate flammability and suitable thermodynamic characteristics. We have developed new methods for estimating, solely from the molecular structure, the radiative efficiency (RE, a measure of radiative climate forcing) and atmospheric lifetime; the combination of RE and lifetime yields an estimate of the GWP. We also developed an estimate of the lower flammability limit (LFL) based on the enthalpy of formation. These estimation techniques, along with a previously developed technique for estimating critical temperature (Tc), are applied to a library of over 56 000 candidate molecules. We select fluids with GWP < 200; 300 K < Tc < 550 K; and LFL > 0.1 kg·m–3. Filters for toxicity and chemical stability based on functional groups are also applied to arrive at 1234 candidates for further study. The candidates that would be suitable for use in present types of refrigeration equipment (those having critical temperatures less than 400 K) are dominated by halogenated alkenes; additional chemical classes, including halogenated ethers and cyclic compounds, are identified among fluids with higher critical temperatures.
A combined ANN and expert system tool for transformer fault diagnosis (2002)

A combined artificial neural network and expert system tool (ANNEPS) is developed for transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA). ANNEPS takes advantage of the inherent positive features of each method and offers a further refinement of present techniques. The knowledge base of its expert system (EPS) is derived from IEEE and IEC DGA standards and expert experiences to include as many known diagnosis rules as possible. The topology and training data set of its artificial neural network (ANN) are carefully selected to extract known as well as unknown diagnosis correlations implicitly. The combination of the ANN and EPS outputs has an optimization mechanism to ensure high diagnosis accuracy for all general fault types. ANNEPS is database enhanced to facilitate archive management of equipment conditions, trend analysis, and further revision of the diagnosis rules. Test results show that the system has better performance than ANN or EPS used individually.
A parametric model for the distribution of the angle of arrival and the associated correlation function and power spectrum at the mobile station (2002)

One of the main assumptions in Clarke's classic channel model is isotropic scattering, i.e., uniform distribution for the angle of arrival (AOA) of multipath components at the mobile station. However, in many mobile radio channels we encounter nonisotropic scattering, which strongly affects the correlation function and power spectrum of the complex envelope at the mobile receiver. We propose the use of the versatile von Mises (1918) angular distribution, which includes and/or closely approximates important distributions like uniform, impulse, cardioid, Gaussian, and wrapped Gaussian, for modeling the nonuniform AOAs at the mobile. Based on this distribution, the associated correlation function and. power spectrum of the complex envelope at the mobile receiver are derived. The utility of the new results is demonstrated by comparison with the correlation function estimates of measured data.
Determination of Nitrogen Concentration in GaP Epitaxial Layers by Two Independent Methods (1979)

Abstract The nitrogen concentration in GaP is determined by optical absorption in the A‐line at T = 77 K. The concentration of the isolated nitrogen atoms is given for T = 77 K by the modified LIGHTOWLERS' relation [ N A ] cm −3 = 8.2 · 10 14 ph α max , where α is measured in cm −3 , h in meV. p is a dimensionless line shape factor. It is shown that at higher N concentrations considering only the A‐line absorption the impurity density is underestimated because the nitrogen atoms included in NN i pairs give no contribution to the absorption. The measurements have been made in the range from [ N ] = 5 · 10 16 …︁ 10 19 cm −3 in layers grown by vapour phase epitaxy. The results are compared with nitrogen concentrations obtained by precision lattice parameter measurements. The change of the lattice parameter is calculated using VEGARD's law. The good agreement between the nitrogen densities obtained by two different independent methods reveals (i) that the LIGHTOWLERS' calibration factor is valid also at higher N‐concentrations and (ii) that the nitrogen atoms are predominantly incorporated into P‐lattice sites.
Prediction and trace compression of data access addresses through nested loop recognition (2008)

This paper describes an algorithm that takes a trace (i.e., a sequence of numbers or vectors of numbers) as input, and from that produces a sequence of loop nests that, when run, produces exactly the original sequence. The input format is suitable for any kind of program execution trace, and the output conforms to standard models of loop nests. The first, most obvious, use of such an algorithm is for program behavior modeling for any measured quantity (memory accesses, number of cache misses, etc.). Finding loops amounts to detecting periodic behavior and provides an explanatory model. The second application is trace compression, i.e., storing the loop nests instead of the original trace. Decompression consists of running the loops, which is easy and fast. A third application is value prediction. Since the algorithm forms loops while reading input, it is able to extrapolate the loop under construction to predict further incoming values. Throughout the paper, we provide examples that explain our algorithms. Moreover, we evaluate trace compression and value prediction on a subset of the SPEC2000 benchmarks.