gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TGF-βl Suppresses Inflammation in Cell Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2015)

Abstract Recent studies suggest that cell therapy may be an effective way to repair intervertebral disc degeneration. As a strong immune suppressor, TGF-β1 has been shown to inhibit inflammation respond effectively. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of TGF-β1 during bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy for disc degeneration. In vitro assays demonstrated that co-culturing of nucleus pulposus cells with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells resulted in significantly higher levels of TGF-βl secretion. This increase inhibited IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, detected by western blot analysis. Meanwhile, in a rabbit model, MRI analysis revealed significant recovery of signal intensity in the degenerative discs of rabbits receiving cells transplantation, than receiving cells treated with a TGF-β1 inhibitor or saline. These findings indicated that enhanced TGF-β1 production recovered the degeneration of intervertebral disc. And also immunohistochemical staining detected enhanced collagen II expression in the rabbits treated with cell transplantation. However, the NF-κB positive cells were significantly less than other two control groups. Thus, cell therapy promoted TGF-β1 expression in nucleus pulposus, leading to anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of NF-κB and the amelioration of disc degradation due to increased expression of collagen II and aggrecan in degenerative intervertebral disc.
Ternäre Phosphide und Arsenide des Lithiums mit Eisen, Kobalt oder Chrom im Cu<sub>2</sub>Sb‐Typ (1968)

Abstract In den Systemen LiFeAs. LiFeP und LiCoAs wurden die Phasen LiFeAs . LiFeP und LiCoAs gefunden. Ferner wurde ein Mischkristall Fe 2 As LiFeAs sowie eine Phase LiCo 3 As, festgestellt. Die Homogenitätsbereichie der bis Raumtemperatur stabilen Phasen LiFeAs , LiFeP und LiCoAs wurden für eine Temperatur von etwa 800°C durch Abschreckversuche ermittelt. Die Phasen kristallisieren tetragonal, Raumgruppe D –Pd/nmm. Folgende Punktlagen awerden besetzt: 2 As (P) in 2c (z = 0,76); 2 Fe(Co) in 2a; 2 Li in 2c (z = 0,24). Die Gitterkonstanten sind: a = 3,77 6 ; c = 6,34 9 Å (Li 1,1 Fe 1,0 As); a = 3,69 1 ; c = 6,02 3 Å (Li 1,05 Fe 1,0 P); a = 3,75 8 ; c = 6, 17 0 Å (Li 1,1 Co 1,0 As). Im System LiCrAs wurde keine analoge LiMeAs‐Phase gefunden. Eine Mischkristallreihe Li(Fe, Cr)As wurde herestellt. und die Gitterkonhtanten der Reihe auf die Hypothetische Chromphase extrapoliert.
Remarks on the Ambiguity in Quantum Field Theory (1949)

TIle so-called amhiguities raised by the photon self-energy problem have been s•:;emed to be removed for a time by the ingeneous method of Pauli and ViJlars.J ) However, if we want to rewtite this method in the cus-tomary form, many difficulties arise.Here, we intend to examine an alternative method to remove the ambiguities.The fiI:St problem concel1ling above mentioned ambiguities is whether the quadratic divergences exist or nol As is well known, we get them by the usual momentum space integration, but do not by Schwinger's calculation method.This difference is due to the definition of A(I)(x) at x=O, The latter calculation takes its principal value as follows:4(ll(O),..}_[ lim + lim ] A(l)(x) (1) 2 )[' .... >0..0 )[' .... >0 .. 0
Seismic data compression by an adaptive local cosine/sine transform and its effects on migration (2000)

The local cosine/sine basis is a localized version of the cosine/sine basis with a window function which can have arbitrary smoothness. It has orthogonality and good time and frequency localization properties. The adaptive local cosine/sine basis is a best‐basis obtained from an overabundant library of cosine/sine packets based on a cost‐functional. We propose a 2D semi‐adaptive (time‐adaptive or space‐adaptive) local cosine transform (referred to as a 2D semi‐ALCT) and apply it to the SEG–EAEG salt model synthetic data set for compression. From the numerical results, we see that most of the important features of the data set can be well preserved even in the high compression ratio (CR=40:1) case. Using reconstructed data from the highly compressed ALCT coefficients (CR=40:1) for migration, we can still obtain a high‐quality image including subsalt structures. Furthermore, we find that the window partition, generated by the 2D semi‐ALCT, is well adapted to the characteristics of the seismic data set, and the compression capability of the 2D semi‐ALCT is greater than that of the 2D uniform local cosine transform (2D ULCT). We find also that a (32, 32) or (32, 64) minimum (time, space) window size can generate the best compression results for the SEG–EAEG salt data set.
Silicon Oxynitride Formation In Nitrous Oxide (N/sub 2/O): The Role Of Nitric Oxide (NO) (1993)

We present data showing, for the first time, the effect of N20 flow rate on the thickness and interfacial nitrogen concentration of oxynitride films grown in a conventional furnace at one atmosphere. Our analysis, based on the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), can explain these observations as well as the variation in the published data on the kinetics of film growth. This understanding should facilitate the application of these films as tunnel dielectrics and gate dielectrics to improve device reliability (1,2).
The Context Interchange mediator prototype (1997)

The Context Interchange strategy presents a novel approach for mediated data access in which semantic conflicts among heterogeneous systems are not identified a priori, but are detected and reconciled by a context mediator through comparison of contexts . This paper reports on the implementation of a Context Interchange Prototype which provides a concrete demonstration of the features and benefits of this integration strategy.
Use of In-Biofilm Expression Technology To Identify Genes Involved in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilm Development (2003)

Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms form complex three-dimensional architecture and are tolerant of antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds. In this work, an in vivo expression technology system, originally designed to study virulence-associated genes in complex mammalian environments, was used to identify genes up-regulated in P. aeruginosa grown to a mature (5-day) biofilm. Five unique cloned promoters unable to promote in vitro growth in the absence of purines after recovery from the biofilm environment were identified. The open reading frames downstream of the cloned promoter regions were identified, and knockout mutants were generated. Insertional mutation of PA5065, a homologue of Escherichia coli ubiB, was lethal, while inactivation of PA0240 (a porin homologue), PA3710 (a putative alcohol dehydrogenase), and PA3782 (a homologue of the Streptomyces griseus developmental regulator adpA) had no effect on planktonic growth but caused defects in biofilm formation in static and flowing systems. In competition experiments, mutants demonstrated reduced fitness compared with the parent strain, comprising less than 0.0001% of total biofilm cells after 5 days. Therefore, using in-biofilm expression technology, we have identified novel genes that do not affect planktonic growth but are important for biofilm formation, development, and fitness.
Electromyographic and Cinematographic Analysis of Movement from a Kneeling to a Standing Position in Healthy 5- to 7-Year-Old Children (1991)

Physical therapists often use transitional postures such as half-kneeling to help children with movement dysfunction attain an upright posture. Little is known, however, about how healthy children activate lower extremity muscles to move the hip, knee, and ankle joints as they move from kneeling through half-kneeling to stand up against gravity. The purpose of this study was to describe movement from kneeling to standing in 10 healthy 5- to 7-year-old children. Electromyography was used to record the activity of four lower extremity muscles. Cinematography was used to record joint motion of the hip, knee, and ankle of the leg initiating movement, in addition to trajectories of specific anatomical landmarks as the children rose from a kneeling to a standing position. Greater active range of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle was necessary to move from a kneeling to a standing position using the half-kneel transitional posture than is required during normal gait. The activation patterns of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles of the leg initiating movement exhibited variability among subjects during the kneel-to-stand movement. Maximum joint range of motion and position of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at specific points in the movement exhibited less variability than patterns of muscle activation. The results showed that movement from a kneeling to a standing position in healthy children is quantifiable and can be used to help determine what normal components of movement are necessary to successfully master this movement against gravity that is antecedent to ambulation. Further studies are needed to investigate antigravity movement in younger children and in children with movement dysfunction to more fully understand normal and abnormal movement in children.
McCay's Nutrition of the Dog (1944)

The author, Clive M. McCay, was born in Winamac, Indiana, on March 21, 1898. He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1920, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He received a Master of Science degree from Iowa State College in 1923, the Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of California in 1925. He was an assistant at Iowa State College from 1921 to 1923. He was a member of the staff at the University of California from 1923 to 1925. He held a National Research Council fellowship at Yale 1925 to 1927. He was assistant professor of animal husbandry at Cornell University from 1927 to 1934, and professor of nutrition at the same institution since 1934.
Characterization of the Mouse Adeno-Associated Virus <i>AAVS1</i> Ortholog (2004)

The nonpathogenic human adeno-associated virus (AAV) has developed a mechanism to integrate its genome into human chromosome 19 at 19q13.4 (termed AAVS1), thereby establishing latency. Here, we provide evidence that the chromosomal signals required for site-specific integration are conserved in the mouse genome proximal to the recently identified Mbs85 gene. These sequence motifs can be specifically nicked by the viral Rep protein required for the initiation of site-specific AAV DNA integration. Furthermore, these signals can serve as a minimal origin for Rep-dependent DNA replication. In addition, we isolated the mouse Mbs85 proximal promoter and show transcriptional activity in three mouse cell lines.
A client/server platform for automation of global network management (2002)

Automation has been applied to many industries to improve quality of the products and productivity of the workforce. Telecommunications services are no exception. This paper presents a network computing model and architecture that are being used by AT&T to automate its global network management services. The model is based on client/server technology, and the architecture is designed to address the diverse requirements of an operational work center which include a user-friendly graphical interface, sharing and easy access to information among multiple centers, disaster recovery, future expansion and operation centers, connectivity to different element management systems (EMSs) for alarm tracking and performance measurement The goals are to reduce the cost of managing customer's global networks, to improve the efficiency of the operations and to provide a quality service to the global customers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IGF-I stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 (2004)

Muscle atrophy results primarily from accelerated protein degradation and is associated with increased expression of two muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases (E3s): atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1). Glucocorticoids are essential for many types of muscle atrophy, and their effects are opposite to those of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin, which promote growth. In myotubes, dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited growth and enhanced breakdown of long-lived cell proteins, especially myofibrillar proteins (as measured by 3-methylhistidine release), while also increasing atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA. Conversely, IGF-I suppressed protein degradation and prevented the Dex-induced increase in proteolysis. IGF-I rapidly reduced atrogin-1 expression within 1 h by blocking mRNA synthesis without affecting mRNA degradation, whereas IGF-I decreased MuRF1 mRNA slowly. IGF-I and insulin also blocked Dex induction of these E3s and several other atrophy-related genes ("atrogenes"). Changes in overall proteolysis with Dex and IGF-I correlated tightly with changes in atrogin-1 mRNA content, but not with changes in MuRF1 mRNA. IGF-I activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway, and inhibition of this pathway [but not the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) or the MEK-ERK pathway] increased proteolysis and atrogin-1 mRNA expression. Thus an important component of growth stimulation by IGF-I, through the PI3K-Akt pathway, is its ability to rapidly suppress transcription of the atrophy-related E3 atrogin-1 and other atrogenes and degradation of myofibrillar proteins.
Childhood-home-injury-situation Simulation Adaptable to an Individual Environment Based on Child Physical Model and Injury Semantic Structure Database (2015)

Abstract Most accidents involving children below the age of five occur within their homes. Since it is important to maintain a safe home environment for children, it is imperative to be able to predict what kinds of accidents may occur in a particular environment, and then to find ways to improve that environment. However, the various and scattered statistical data sources and scientific knowledge related to accident prediction have not been structured for integrative utilization. In this paper, the authors report on the development of a new simulation technology that can be used to predict the kinds of accidents that may occur in a particular environment by means of a hybrid memory- and model-based approach. The system consists of a graph-structuralized accident database created from large-scale accident data (which enables the memory-based approach), and a development behavior model which describes the statistical relationship between a body interaction abilities and the age of children.
Leading Against the Grain: The Politics and Emotions of Leading for Social Justice in South Africa (2006)

Abstract This article explores the work of leaders who promote social justice against the grain of public expectations. Employing a biographical lens, it describes a study of White South African principals who consciously and deliberately transform their white schools into racially diverse communities of teachers, learners and parents. It looks at the underpinning beliefs, attitudes and concerns that influence the ways in which these school principals lead their lives and their schools, what motivates their decisions to defy the dominant trends, how they balance competing pressures and tensions, and the consequences of their behaviors. Notes 1 I acknowledge, with gratitude, that the inspiration for some of these questions come from a small group of colleagues and friends who constitute the International Leadership for Education Research Network (ILern), funded by the National College for School Leadership in England, and ably led by Andy Hargreaves of Boston College, United States. 2 Such studies of inclusive school cultures are rare and pose significant methodological challenges not addressed in this paper; see CitationMelanie Nind et al., (2004). The research reported here is funded in part by the National Research Foundation in Pretoria, South Africa. 3 Not a few Black/White colleagues in South Africa have complained that this is another study of White people, and of a minority group at that. Apartheid schooling is, the critics imply, a White problem and it is their duty to desegregate their schools and to unravel their own wrongdoings. 4 Gauteng is the name of one of the nine provinces that constitute democratic South Africa. 5 Both the school names and the names of the principals appear as pseudonyms. 6 The railway boer, those Afrikaners who worked on the state-owned trains as drivers and conductors, stood as a symbol of the Afrikaner underclass that existed throughout the period of Afrikaner nationalist government between 1948 and 1994. Thompson, P., & Harris, A. (2004). Leading schools that serve neighborhoods and communities in poverty. Unpublished paper, International Leadership in Education Research Network
Phase retardation of the uniform-intensity axilens (1992)

A method for determining the phase-retardation function of the uniform-intensity axilens is discussed and compared with that of an earlier publication [Opt. Lett. 16, 523 (1991)]. Within the presented formulation good agreement is achieved between the geometrical-optics prediction and the numerically evaluated diffraction integral.
A Study on the Technique of Measuring the Fill Level Based on the Vibration Signal of the Ball Mill Shell (2009)

A method of measuring the fill level based on the vibration signal of the mill shell is researched in this paper. An accelerometer that has a large measurement range is mounted directly to the mill shell, and the vibration signals are collected off the mill shell by a data acquisition system in experiment. According to the characteristic of vibration signal of mill shell, a filter processing method is applied and RMS values of vibration signals are extracted. The comparisons between the RMS value of filtered vibration signal and other traditional feature variables of fill level are discussed. The result of comparison shows that the vibrated feature variable of fill level proposed in this paper has a better superiority and stability.
LiBH<sub>4</sub>(NaBH<sub>4</sub>)/Me<sub>3</sub>SiCl, an Unusually Strong and Versatile Reducing Agent (1989)

Amines can be obtained from amides, nitriles, and nitroalkenes, alcohols from carboxylic acids, and sulfides from sulfoxides in good yields by use of the reducing agent LiBH4/Me3SiCl. Even α-amino acids can be easily reduced to amino alcohols with retention of optical purity. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 are examples of starting materials; 2, 4, and 6 are the products obtained in yields of more than 90%.
Data association through fusion of target track and identification sets (2000)

A joint probability data association tracking algorithm typically associates only position measurements. With multiple-interacting targets in the presence of clutter, data association can be confused by spurious measurements. In this paper, we propose a set-based track and identification data association (SBDA) technique to leverage object identification information. We investigate the SBDA technique for a scenario in which a tracker has access to both coarse position measurements and belief identification information to enhance data association.
Cylindrical Capacitor as an Analyzer I. Nonrelativistic Part (1967)

The dynamic and optical properties of the cylindrical capacitor for nonrelativistic charged particles were studied for certain arrangements of the source and some interesting features were found. A point source embedded in the inner cylinder on the common axis of the capacitor can be imaged for any angle of emission θ0 between 0 and π/2. Each angle θ0 has its corresponding K0 factor incorporating the geometrical and electrical parameters of the device. K0 and θ0 together determine uniquely the distance between the source and its image on the common axis of the capacitor. There exists a first order focus for all angles of emission except θ0=42°18.5′; for the latter there is a second order focus. The figures of merit of this analyzer concerning resolution and transmission were found to be better than those of other forms of the cylindrical analyzer. However, the deflecting voltages required in the new device are higher. The calculations were checked experimentally for θ0=π/4.
Production, purification and molecular weight determination of the haemolysin of Treponema hyodysenteriae (1988)

The production of haemolysin from Treponema hyodysenteriae was increased by an improved culture method and by repeated incubation of spirochaetes suspended in a buffer containing RNA-core. Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G100 yielded purified haemolysin free from extraneous protein, as judged by silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. The mol. wt of the purified haemolysin, determined by gel filtration was 19,000, a value similar to that of streptolysin S, but much lower than that previously reported.
Fast and robust optic disc detection using pyramidal decomposition and Hausdorff-based template matching (2001)

We report about the design and test of an image processing algorithm for the localization of the optic disk (OD) in low-resolution (about 20 micro/pixel) color fundus images. The design relies on the combination of two procedures: 1) a Hausdorff-based template matching technique on edge map, guided by 2) a pyramidal decomposition for large scale object tracking. The two approaches are tested against a database of 40 images of various visual quality and retinal pigmentation, as well as of normal and small pupils. An average error of 7% on OD center positioning is reached with no false detection. In addition, a confidence level is associated to the final detection that indicates the "level of difficulty" the detector has to identify the OD position and shape.
Highly efficient eigen decomposition based statistical optical microangiography (2016)

The bED is practically feasible to realize real time OCT angiography. In addition, the proposed ED approach is equally applicable to the operations on repeated A-scans or volumetric scans.
Studies on the prevention of mumps. IV. The effect of oral spraying of attenuated active virus. (1951)

Summary Experiments have been reported on the response of human beings to oral spraying of attenuated active mumps virus. Among 410 children judged susceptible by negative histories and serological tests, 6 developed mild signs of infection. Up to 93% of the children in the individual groups responded with antibodies as measured by complement fixation technic. The frequency of response depended on the concentration of virus used. The preparations contained originally between 10 7.5 to 10 8.9 ID 50 for chick embryos. When diluted 10- or 100-fold before spraying, the incidence of response fell to about 50% and less than 10%, respectively. Antibodies to the soluble antigen, as a rule, exceeded those against the virus antigen. Hemagglutination-inhibition tests in a small number of cases revealed formation of antibodies in 60%. In most instances the serological tests were negative one year after the spraying. However, following skin testing at that time, the antibody response was greater in these children than in comparable control subjects. Experimental exposure of 4 children to mumps virus 3 months after immunization failed to elicit the disease, whereas 4 out of 6 controls developed clinical evidence of mumps. Of the larger groups treated by this procedure only those in one institution had been definitely exposed to mumps 8 months later. Eight cases occurred among the non-immunized children, mainly new admissions to the school. Although these data permit no conclusion they justify further exploration of this method of active immunization.