gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concise synthesis of CC-1065/duocarmycin pharmacophore using the intramolecular Heck reaction (1993)

3-Methyleneindoline derivatives were synthesized by intramolecular Heck reaction of N-allyl-2-iodoaniline derivatives in the presence of Ag2Co3. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of the CC-1065/duocarmycin pharmacophore.
Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties (2011)

Fmoc-diphenylalanine (FmocFF or FmocPhePhe) is an important low molecular weight hydrogelator. Gelation can be induced by either lowering the pH of an aqueous solution of FmocFF or by the addition of water to a solution of FmocFF in a solvent such as DMSO. Despite the volume of literature on FmocFF, the mechanical properties reported for the gels vary significantly over four orders of magnitude and the origins of this variability is unclear. Here, we study systematically the mechanical properties of FmocFF gels prepared with different protocols. We demonstrate that the final pH of the gels is the principal determinant of the mechanical properties independently of the method of gel formation. We also show that additional variability arises from experimental factors such as the fraction of DMSO or the nature of the buffers used in selected systems.
Rich intrinsic image decomposition of outdoor scenes from multiple views (2012)

Intrinsic images aim at separating an image into reflectance and illumination layers to facilitate analysis or manipulation. Most successful methods rely on user indications [Bousseau et al. 2009], precise geometry, or need multiple images from the same viewpoint and varying lighting to solve this severely ill-posed problem. We propose a method to estimate intrinsic images from multiple views of an outdoor scene at a single time of day without the need for precise geometry and with only a simple manual calibration step.
Induction motor stator fault diagnosis technique using Park vector approach and complex wavelets (2012)

Stator related faults are very common in induction machines and their existence can rapidly lead to catastrophic consequences for the machine and the drive system. This is the reason why there is continuous research on methods for timely detection. In this work the impact of this kind of fault on the machine phase current is examined through the Park vector transformation approach. To this direction simulations and experiment tests were waged and the results were analyzed using complex wavelets.
Liquid Chromatography MALDI MS/MS for Membrane Proteome Analysis (2004)

Membrane proteins play critical roles in many biological functions and are often the molecular targets for drug discovery. However, their analysis presents a special challenge largely due to their highly hydrophobic nature. We present a surfactant-aided shotgun proteomics approach for membrane proteome analysis. In this approach, membrane proteins were solubilized and digested in the presence of SDS followed by newly developed auto-offline liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (LC/MALDI) tandem MS analysis. Because of high tolerance of MALDI to SDS, one-dimensional (1D) LC separation can be combined with MALDI for direct analysis of protein digests containing SDS, without the need for extensive sample cleanup. In addition, the heated droplet interface used in LC/MALDI can work with high flow LC separations, allowing a relatively large amount of protein digest to be used for 1D LC/MALDI which facilitates the detection of low abundance proteins. The proteome identification results obtained by LC/MALDI are compared to the gel electrophoresis/MS method as well as the shotgun proteomics method using 2D LC/electrospray ionization MS. It is demonstrated that, while LC/MALDI provides more extensive proteome coverage compared to the other two methods, these three methods are complementary to each other and a combination of these methods should provide a more comprehensive membrane proteome analysis.
The Antihemorrhagic Activity of Sulfonated Derivatives of 2-Methylnaphthalene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Antihemorrhagic Activity of Sulfonated Derivatives of 2-MethylnaphthaleneM. B. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2049–2051Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer Is Driven by Stroma-Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factors (2016)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myofibroblasts are key drivers in cancer that are associated with drug resistance in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TAM and fibroblasts contribute to chemoresistance is unclear. In this study, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts directly support chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by secreting insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2, which activate insulin/IGF receptors on pancreatic cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from patients with pancreatic cancer revealed that 72% of the patients expressed activated insulin/IGF receptors on tumor cells, and this positively correlates with increased CD163<sup>+</sup> TAM infiltration. In vivo, we found that TAM and myofibroblasts were the main sources of IGF production, and pharmacologic blockade of IGF sensitized pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. These findings suggest that inhibition of IGF in combination with chemotherapy could benefit patients with PDAC, and that insulin/IGF1R activation may be used as a biomarker to identify patients for such therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6851-63. ©2016 AACR.
Fenbendazole acts as a moderate microtubule destabilizing agent and causes cancer cell death by modulating multiple cellular pathways (2018)

Drugs that are already clinically approved or experimentally tested for conditions other than cancer, but are found to possess previously unrecognized cytotoxicity towards malignant cells, may serve as fitting anti-cancer candidates. Methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate [Fenbendazole, FZ], a benzimidazole compound, is a safe and inexpensive anthelmintic drug possessing an efficient anti-proliferative activity. In our earlier work, we reported a potent growth-inhibitory activity of FZ caused partially by impairment of proteasomal function. Here, we show that FZ demonstrates moderate affinity for mammalian tubulin and exerts cytotoxicity to human cancer cells at micromolar concentrations. Simultaneously, it caused mitochondrial translocation of p53 and effectively inhibited glucose uptake, expression of GLUT transporters as well as hexokinase (HK II) - a key glycolytic enzyme that most cancer cells thrive on. It blocked the growth of human xenografts in nu/nu mice model when mice were fed with the drug orally. The results, in conjunction with our earlier data, suggest that FZ is a new microtubule interfering agent that displays anti-neoplastic activity and may be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent because of its effect on multiple cellular pathways leading to effective elimination of cancer cells.
Inhibition of hyperhidrosis by topical application of a local anesthetic composition (1979)

An eutectic mixture of 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine applied locally to the skin inhibited epinephrine-induced sweating in healthy subjects. It also inhibited palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis from 1 to 6 hours after application to 15 of 17 patients tested. A placebo lotion was without effect. When used daily for 3--4 weeks, only 25% of the patients were very pleased with the treatment. The reason for the decrease of efficacy is uncertain.
What programmable vector fields can (and cannot) do: force field algorithms for MEMS and vibratory plate parts feeders (2002)

Programmable vector fields can be used to control a variety of flexible planar parts feeders. When a part is placed on our devices, the programmed vector field induces a force and moment upon it. Over time, the part may come to rest in a dynamic equilibrium state. We demonstrate lower bounds on what the devices cannot do, and results on a classification of control strategies. We suggest sufficient conditions for programmable fields to induce well-behaved equilibria on every part placed on our devices. We define composition operators to build complex strategies from simple ones, and show the resulting fields are also well-behaved. We discuss whether fields outside this class can be useful and free of pathology. Using these tools, we describe new manipulation algorithms, and improve existing planning algorithms by a quadratic factor, and the plan-length by a linear factor. We relax earlier dynamic and mechanical assumptions to obtain more robust and flexible strategies. Finally, we consider parts feeders that can only implement a very limited "vocabulary" of vector fields. We discuss the trade-off between mechanical complexity and planning complexity.
Early TU decision method for fast video encoding in high efficiency video coding (2012)

Proposed is an early transform unit (TU) decision method for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) by early determination of the TU sizes based on coding tree pruning. Although the coding efficiency in HEVC can be improved by using various transform block sizes, the computational complexity increased dramatically in terms of the transform kernel size and the transform coding structure. A simple TU decision algorithm is proposed that can prune a residual quadtree in the early stages based on the number of nonzero DCT coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a 61% reduction in TU processing time compared to the HEVC test model 3.0 encoder with a little gain in coding performance.
Quantitative Probing of Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions Naturally Present in Single Living Cells (2016)

Quantitative probing of Cu(2+) ions naturally present in single living cells is realized by developing a quantum-dot-embedded nanowire-waveguide probe. The intracellular Cu(2+) ion concentration is quantified by direct monitoring of photoluminescence quenching during the insertion of the nanowire in a living neuron. The measured intracellular Cu(2+) ion concentration is 3.34 ± 1.04 × 10(-6) m (mean ± s.e.m.) in single hippocampal neurons.
Effects of iron substitution on the magnetic anisotropy of YCo4B (1991)

The effects of iron substitution on the magnetization, the magnetic anisotropy, the spin-reorientation temperature, and the Curie temperature of Y(Co1−xFex)4B have been studied on the cobalt-rich side for x values below 0.4. Temperature-induced spin-reorientation phenomena may be observed in compounds with x values below 0.02 by inspecting the low-field magnetization curves of bulk polycrystalline samples and by observing the change in the easy direction in field-oriented powdered samples. The spin-reorientation temperature shifts from 145 K for YCo4B to higher values with increasing x and the phenomenon disappears for values larger than 0.03. By analyzing the magnetization curves of field-oriented powder samples, the magnetic anisotropy has been evaluated. The value for the first anisotropy constant K1 at 4.2 K decreases in a nonlinear way with increasing x values and reaches a minimum around x=0.3.
Monoclonal antibodies to cytomegalovirus: rapid identification of clinical isolates and preliminary use in diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia (1982)

Two monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with cells infected by cytomegalovirus (CMV) are described. One antibody, 6-E3, reacts with a 72,000-dalton protein that appears early in infection and remains localized in the cell nucleus. The other antibody, 6-C5, reacts with an 80,000-dalton protein that appears late in infection and remains localized in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Both monoclonal antibodies react with conventional laboratory strains of CMV and can be used in immunofluorescence assays to identify clinical isolates of CMV in culture. Preliminary tests on lung tissues from patients with CMV pneumonia show that only antibody 6-C5 detects CMV infection in primary clinical specimens. A comparison of culture, histological, and immunological methods demonstrates that the monoclonal antibodies possess sufficient specificity and sensitivity to warrant their continued development as immunodiagnostic tools for the detection of CMV infection in both tissue culture and tissues obtained directly from patients.
Surface Glycoproteins of Normal and Transformed Cells: A Difference Determined by Sialic Acid and a Growth-Dependent Sialyl Transferase (1972)

The pattern of elution from a column of Sephadex G-50 of a fucose-labeled carbohydrate component derived from the surface glycoproteins of transformed cells can be altered to resemble that from untransformed cells by enzymatic removal of the sialic acid. These results indicate that the consistent differences found between control and virus-transformed cells may depend upon a relatively specific sialyl transferase that is found in greater amounts (2.5- to 11-times) in transformed cells than in control cells, and in dividing cells as compared to nondividing cells.
Suppression of the polarization dependence of fiber Bragg grating interrogation based on a wavelength-swept fiber laser (2006)

We propose and demonstrate methods for suppressing the polarization dependence in the interrogation of birefringent fiber Bragg gratings. A wavelength-swept fiber laser with a polarized output was used as the light source. Two polarization-averaging methods, a depolarization scheme and a polarization scrambling scheme, were investigated and compared. The proposed techniques successfully stabilized the reflection spectrum of a birefringent grating regardless of the polarization state of the source laser and birefringence of the lead fiber. The results of this work eliminate one of the major practical difficulties in current fiber Bragg grating interrogation.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants (2000)

Kluyvera ascorbata SUD165 and a siderophore-overproducing mutant of this bacterium, K. ascorbata SUD165/26, were used to inoculate tomato, canola, and Indian mustard seeds which were then grown in soil for 25-42 days in the presence of either nickel, lead, or zinc. The parameters that were monitored included plant wet and dry weight, protein and chlorophyll content in the plant leaves, and concentration of heavy metal in the plant roots and shoots. As indicated by a decrease in the measured values of these parameters, in all instances, plant growth was inhibited by the presence of the added metal. Both bacterial strains were effective, although not always to a statistically significant extent, at relieving a portion of the growth inhibition caused by the metals. In most cases, the siderophore overproducing mutant K. ascorbata 165/26 exerted a more pronounced effect on plant growth than did the wild-type bacterium K. ascorbata SUD165. The data suggest that the ability of these bacteria to protect plants against the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of nickel, lead, and zinc is related to the bacteria providing the plants with sufficient iron.
Chemical Strengthening of Soda Lime Silicate Float Glass: Effect of Small Differences in the <scp>KNO</scp> <sub>3</sub> Bath (2014)

Six slightly different KNO 3 baths were considered in this work, for the chemical strengthening of soda lime silicate glass. Five of these were commercially available pure KNO 3 salts for industrial or laboratory use and one was a salt from an unknown source that had been already used for at least 1000 h in Na–K ion exchange. Various amounts of sodium — the main impurity — calcium, and magnesium were measured in the six salts together with other more limited contaminants. Different strengthening effects associated with clearly dissimilar ion exchange efficiency were measured on glass treated in the different melts. The presence of Na — major impurity — in the salt was revealed to be not a critical aspect, at least up to concentration of about 0.5 wt%. Instead, the “blocking” effect caused by the presence of Ca and Mg in the KNO 3 bath (also in amounts of few tens of ppm) is shown to be a major issue.
Thermal Addition of Menoölefins to Dienophiles (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Addition of Menoölefins to DienophilesC. J. Albisetti, N. G. Fisher, M. J. Hogsed, and R. M. JoyceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 11, 2637–2641Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01592a085RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (599 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Identification of the Calmodulin-binding Domain of Recombinant Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2β (2001)

Calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) is the major phospholipase A(2) activity in many cell types, and at least one isoform of this enzyme class is physically and functionally coupled to calmodulin (CaM) in a reversible calcium-dependent fashion. To identify the domain in recombinant iPLA(2)beta (riPLA(2)beta) underlying this interaction, multiple techniques were employed. First, we identified calcium-activated CaM induced alterations in the kinetics of proteolytic fragment generation during limited trypsinolysis (i.e. CaM footprinting). Tryptic digests of riPLA(2)beta (83 kDa) in the presence of EGTA alone, Ca(+2) alone, or EGTA and CaM together resulted in the production of a major 68-kDa protein whose kinetic rate of formation was specifically attenuated in incubations containing CaM and Ca(+2) together. Western blotting utilizing antibodies directed against either the N- or C-terminal regions of riPLA(2)beta indicated the specific protection of riPLA(2)beta by calcium-activated CaM at a cleavage site approximately 15 kDa from the C terminus. Moreover, calcium-activated calmodulin increased the kinetic rate of tryptic cleavage near the active site of riPLA(2)beta. Second, functional characterization of products from these partial tryptic digests demonstrated that approximately 90% of the 68-kDa riPLA(2)beta tryptic product (i.e. lacking the 15-kDa C-terminus) did not bind to a CaM affinity matrix in the presence of Ca(2+), although >95% of the noncleaved riPLA(2)beta as well as a 40-kDa C-terminal peptide bound tightly under these conditions. Third, when purified riPLA(2)beta was subjected to exhaustive trypsinolysis followed by ternary complex CaM affinity chromatography, a unique tryptic peptide ((694)AWSEMVGIQYFR(705)) within the 15-kDa C-terminal fragment was identified by RP-HPLC, which bound to CaM-agarose in the presence but not the absence of calcium ion. Fourth, fluorescence energy transfer experiments demonstrated that this peptide (694) bound to dansyl-calmodulin in a calcium-dependent fashion. Collectively, these results identify multiple contact points in the 15-kDa C terminus as being the major but not necessarily the only binding site responsible for the calcium-dependent regulation of iPLA(2)beta by CaM.
Electric field dependence of the binding energy of shallow donors in GaAs-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As quantum wells (1985)

We report theoretical results on the electric field dependence of the impurity binding energy in quantum-well structures. The field is assumed to be constant and applied parallel to the growth axis. Several impurity positions are considered. As a result of the field-induced electronic polarization, the impurity binding energy may be decreased or increased depending on the impurity location in the quantum well.
The Changing Nature of Jobs: A Paraprofessional Time Series (1996)

This study attempts to determine if paraprofessional jobs have changed significantly as a result of automation during the period between 1975 and 1990. Three raters reviewed job descriptions dated 1975, 1981, and 1990 from the technical services department of a small academic library using the Position Analysis Questionnaire, a widely used structured job analysis tool. Analysis of the resulting data-standard z scores on thirteen overall job dimensions using ANOVA and omega-squared estimates-indicates no statistically significant differences among the jobs. Although these results show that the change in jobs over time is more idiosyncratic than expected, they may also illustrate the de-skilling effect of computers on library functions.