gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Range LiDAR and Free-Space Data Communication With High-Performance Optical Phased Arrays (2019)

We present high-performance integrated optical phased arrays along with first-of-their-kind light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free-space data communication demonstrators. First, record-performance optical phased array components are shown with low-power phase shifters and high-directionality waveguide grating antennas. Then, one-dimensional (1-D) 512-element optical phased arrays are demonstrated with record low-power operation (<;1 mW total), large steering ranges, and high-speed two-dimensional (2-D) beam steering (<;30 μs phase shifter time constant). Next, by utilizing optical phased arrays, we show coherent 2-D solid-state LiDAR on diffusive targets with simultaneous velocity extraction at a range of nearly 200 m. In addition, the first demonstration of 3-D coherent LiDAR with optical phased arrays is presented with raster-scanning arrays. Finally, lens-free chip-to-chip free-space optical communication links up to 50 m are shown, including a demonstration of a steerable transmitter to multiple optical phased array receivers at a 1 Gb/s data rate. This paper shows the most advanced silicon photonics solid-state beam steering to date with relevant demonstrators in practical applications.
<i>In vivo</i>confocal microscopy of equine fungal keratitis (2011)

In vivo corneal confocal microscopy is a rapid and non-invasive method of diagnosing fungal keratitis in the horse. This imaging technique is useful for both ulcerative and non-ulcerative fungal keratitis, and is particularly advantageous for confirming the presence of fungi in deep corneal stromal lesions.
Dissociation of SF6, CF4, and SiF4 by electron impact (1948)

The dissociation by electron-impact of 8F6, CF 4, and 8 iF4 has bee n studied with a consolidated mass spectrometer . Data are a lso given on t he appearance potentia ls of various ions in t.he mass spectra and measure ments on the isotope abundance of s ulfur, carbon, and s ilico n. 'The observed appearance potent ia ls of t he 1"+ ion in 81"6 and CF4, and the C+ ion in CF4 were found to be lower t han t he calcu lated value ass umin g formation of a positive atom ion and a free electro n, but nearl y oq ual to the calculated value ass um ing t he formation of a positive atom ion a nd a negati ve fluo rin e ion . The large rela tive abunda nce of t he 81"4++ ion in 81"6 and t he CF2++ ion in CF4 is take n to indi oate the form atiO n of t hose ions by removal of two 1"-ions in the f ormor a nd possib ly an 1"-iun a nd a free e lectron in t he latter case.
Pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (2005)

The immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is used after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT); however, limited pharmacodynamic data are available. We evaluated plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of MMF, and outcomes in 85 patients with hematologic malignancies conditioned with fludarabine and 2 Gy total body irradiation followed by HLA-matched unrelated-donor HCT and postgrafting cyclosporine and MMF. The first 38 patients received MMF 15 mg/kg twice daily; the next 47 patients received MMF 3 times daily. MPA pharmacokinetics were determined on days 7 and 21. Comparing the twice-daily and 3-times-daily MMF groups, the mean total MPA concentration steady state (Css) was 1.9 and 3.1 microg/mL; the unbound Css was 18 and 36 ng/mL, respectively (P < .001). Sixteen patients with a total MPA Css less than 3 microg/mL had low (< 50%) donor T-cell chimerism (P = .03), and 6 patients with MPA Css less than 2.5 microg/mL had graft rejection. An elevated unbound Css was associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation (P = .03). There were no significant associations between MPA pharmacokinetics and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or relapse. We conclude that increased MPA Css's predicted higher degrees of donor T-cell chimerism after unrelated donor nonmyeloablative HCT and suggest that targeting MPA Css's greater than 2.5 microg/mL could prevent graft rejection.
Coherent network interfaces for fine-grain communication (1996)

Historically, processor accesses to memory-mapped device registers have been marked uncachable to insure their visibility to the device. The ubiquity of snooping cache coherence, however, makes it possible for processors and devices to interact with cachable, coherent memory operations. Using coherence can improve performance by facilitating burst transfers of whole cache blocks and reducing control overheads (e.g., for polling).This paper begins an exploration of network interfaces (NIs) that use coherence---coherent network interfaces (CNIs)---to improve communication performance. We restrict this study to NI/CNIs that reside on coherent memory or I/O buses, to NI/CNIs that are much simpler than processors, and to the performance of fine-grain messaging from user process to user process.Our first contribution is to develop and optimize two mechanisms that CNIs use to communicate with processors. A cachable device register---derived from cachable control registers [39,40]---is a coherent, cachable block of memory used to transfer status, control, or data between a device and a processor. Cachable queues generalize cachable device registers from one cachable, coherent memory block to a contiguous region of cachable, coherent blocks managed as a circular queue.Our second contribution is a taxonomy and comparison of four CNIs with a more conventional NI. Microbenchmark results show that CNIs can improve the round-trip latency and achievable bandwidth of a small 64-byte message by 37% and 125% respectively on the memory bus and 74% and 123% respectively on a coherent I/O bus. Experiments with five macrobenchmarks show that CNIs can improve the performance by 17-53% on the memory bus and 30-88% on the I/O bus.
A low-cost automatic translation and autofocusing system for a microscope (1995)

In this design note we describe a low-cost system for scanning the translation stage and automatically maintaining the correct focal position of a microscope. The image signal is derived from a video camera and the focal position determined by measuring the energy in the edge-detected image. The microscope is a conventional laboratory microscope with stepping motors attached to actuate the stage and control is effected through a laboratory personal computer.
Down‐regulation of the expression of RB18A/MED1, a cofactor of transcription, triggers strong tumorigenic phenotype of human melanoma cells (2009)

The RB18A/MED1 human gene, also named TRAP220, DRIP205 and PBP, encodes for a single 205 kDa component, which interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors. RB18A/MED1 chromosome localization on locus 17q12-q21.1 suggests its involvement in human cancers. We herein analyzed RB18A/MED1 expression in human melanoma cell lines. We found that RB18A/MED1 is either highly or weakly expressed in melanoma cells, depending on their respectively non or highly-tumorigenic phenotype. We therefore investigated the possible existence of a relationship between the RB18A/MED1 expression level and melanoma cell phenotype. For this purpose, we down-regulated RB18A/MED1 expression by transfecting melanoma cells with a RB18A/MED1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), specific to the 3'-untranslated region of native RB18A/MED1 RNA, already demonstrated to inhibit specifically RB18A/MED1 protein expression. A nonspecific (scrambled) siRNA was used as control. This RB18A/MED1 siRNA did not modify the expression of cathepsin L forms or lamin A/C, nor the secretion of procathepsin L and MMP2 in transfected cells. Analysis using a microarray membrane with 113 cancer-related genes, western blot and specific tests, demonstrated that RB18A/MED1 knockdown significantly inhibits tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression, and increases uPAR expression, two genes well known to be involved in melanoma cell invasion, through modifications of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, RB18A/MED1 knockdown in melanoma cells in vitro increased their invasive properties, without modification of cell proliferation. Furthermore, RB18A/MED1 knockdown in vivo switched melanoma phenotype from non to strongly-tumorigenic in nude mice. Our data thus demonstrated for the first time that a decrease of RB18A/MED1 expression in human melanoma cells increases their tumorigenic phenotype.
<b>Studies on Polynucleotides. XVII.</b><sup>1</sup> <b>On the Mechanism of Internucleotide Bond Synthesis by the Carbodiimide Method</b><sup>2</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. XVII.1On the Mechanism of Internucleotide Bond Synthesis by the Carbodiimide Method2G. Weimann and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 22, 4329–4341Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00881a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidermal growth factor receptor and other oncogenes as prognostic markers. (1992)

Analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and estrogen receptor (ER) was performed on tumor samples from 231 patients with operable breast cancer followed for up to 6 years after surgery. The median duration of follow-up in patients still alive at the time of analysis was 45 months. Thirty-five percent of patients (82) had tumors greater than 10 fmol/mg of 125I-EGF binding (EGFr+) and 47% (109) had cystolic ER concentration greater than 5 fmol/mg (ER+), with a marked inverse relationship between EGFr and ER (P less than .00001). EGFr was second only to axillary-node status as a prognostic marker for all patients in terms of both relapse-free and overall survival in univariate analysis (P less than .001, log-rank EGFr + v EGFr-). For patients with histologically negative axillary nodes, EGFr was superior to ER in predicting relapse and survival (P less than .01 and P less than .005, respectively, compared to P less than .1 and P less than .1, log-rank). In a multivariate (Cox model) analysis, only EGFr--out of EGFr, ER, size, and grade--was predictive for either relapse-free or overall survival for patients with node-negative disease (P = .052 and P = .026, respectively). One hundred eighty-seven case patients in the series were assessed for neu expression immunochemically, and 31 were positive. There was a highly significant increased risk of relapse and death in the positive group. In patients with otherwise good prognostic markers (ER+, node-negative, well-differentiated tumors), neu expression predicted for significantly worsened overall survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hand and mind: what gestures reveal about thought (1993)

What is the relation between gestures and speech? In terms of symbolic forms, of course, the spontaneous and unwitting gestures we make while talking differ sharply from spoken language itself. Whereas spoken language is linear, segmented, standardized, and arbitrary, gestures are global, synthetic, idiosyncratic, and imagistic. In Hand and Mind, David McNeill presents a bold theory of the essential unity of speech and the gestures that accompany it. This long-awaited, provocative study argues that the unity of gestures and language far exceeds the surface level of speech noted by previous researchers and in fact also includes the semantic and pragmatic levels of language. In effect, the whole concept of language must be altered to take into account the nonsegmented, instantaneous, and holistic images conveyed by gestures. McNeill and his colleagues carefully devised a standard methodology for examining the speech and gesture behavior of individuals engaged in narrative discourse. A research subject is shown a cartoon like the 1950 Canary Row--a classic Sylvester and Tweedy Bird caper that features Sylvester climbing up a downspout, swallowing a bowling ball and slamming into a brick wall. After watching the cartoon, the subject is videotaped recounting the story from memory to a listener who has not seen the cartoon. Painstaking analysis of the videotapes revealed that although the research subjects--children as well as adults, some neurologically impaired--represented a wide variety of linguistic groupings, the gestures of people speaking English and a half dozen other languages manifest the same principles. Relying on data from more than ten years of research, McNeill shows thatgestures do not simply form a part of what is said and meant but have an impact on thought itself. He persuasively argues that because gestures directly transfer mental images to visible forms, conveying ideas that language cannot always express, we must examine language and gesture
Modulation of the penetration depth of Nb and NbN films by quasiparticle injection (1989)

A novel approach to modulating the inductance of a superconducting microstrip is described. This approach could be the basis for numerous practical applications, such as phase-shifters and high-frequency tuning elements. The physical mechanisms involved are quasiparticle injection, gap suppression, and penetration-depth modulation. The authors have investigated the modulation of the penetration depth of niobium and niobium nitride films by excess quasiparticle injection. To this effect, all niobium and all-niobium-nitride SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) circuits were designed and fabricated. These circuits allow quasiparticle injection into the inductive element of the SQUID. This injection is achieved by optical irradiation through an opening in a Nb reflective layer which partially masks the rest of the circuit or electronic current injection through a tunnel junction overlaid on the microstrip inductance. Penetration-depth modulation is achieved with both methods. The magnitude of the effect varies from 10% to over 200% change in inductance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidence for a Dual Antiviral Role of the Major Nuclear Domain 10 Component Sp100 during the Immediate-Early and Late Phases of the Human Cytomegalovirus Replication Cycle (2011)

In recent studies, the nuclear domain 10 (ND10) components PML and hDaxx were identified as cellular restriction factors that inhibit the initiation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. The antiviral function of ND10, however, is antagonized by the IE1 protein, which induces ND10 disruption. Here we show that IE1 not only de-SUMOylates PML immediately upon infection but also directly targets Sp100. IE1 expression alone was sufficient to downregulate endogenous Sp100 independently of the presence of PML. Moreover, cotransfection experiments revealed that IE1 negatively interferes with the SUMOylation of all Sp100 isoforms. The modulation of Sp100 at immediate-early (IE) times of infection, indeed, seemed to have an in vivo relevance for HCMV replication, since knockdown of Sp100 resulted in more cells initiating the viral gene expression program. In addition, we observed that Sp100 was degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner at late times postinfection, suggesting that Sp100 may play an additional antiviral role during the late phase. Infection experiments conducted with Sp100 knockdown human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) confirmed this hypothesis: depletion of Sp100 resulted in augmented release of progeny virus particles compared to that from control cells. Consistent with this observation, we noted increased amounts of viral late gene products in the absence of Sp100. Importantly, this elevated late gene expression was not dependent on enhanced viral IE gene expression. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Sp100 is the first ND10-related factor identified that not only possesses the potential to restrict the initial stage of infection but also inhibits HCMV replication during the late phase.
Very Low Conductivity Threshold in Bulk Isotropic Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube–Epoxy Composites (2005)

Electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)–epoxy composites (see Figure) is investigated as a function of SWNT concentration, mean length, and aggregation. The composites exhibit a percolation-like conductivity with threshold volume fractions as low as 5.2 × 10–5. These low thresholds are attributed to continuous nanotube chains that form in the semi-dilute concentration regime; higher thresholds result when aggregation is inhibited.
Iodo- and Phenylselenocarbamete Cyclizations: New Versatile Methods for Functionalization of Olefinic Bonds (1982)

Eff~cient methods for conversmn of the unsaturated benzyl carbamates (6-9) into the cyclic carbamates (11-14) have been developed.In connection with investigations directed toward the syntheses of alkaloids such as histrionicotoxins,
Weak antilocalization and low-temperature characterization of sputtered polycrystalline bismuth selenide (2018)

We report a thorough crystal and transport characterization of sputtered polycrystalline BixSe1−x (20 nm), grown on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate. The crystal and grain structures of the sample are characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Selected-area electron diffraction shows a highly polycrystalline structure. Transport measurements suggest semiconducting behavior of the BixSe1−x film with a very high carrier concentration (∼1020 cm3) and low mobility [∼8 cm2/(V s)]. High-field magnetoresistance measurements reveal weak antilocalization, to which both the low mobility and the angular dependence suggest an impurity-dominated contribution. Fitting parameters are obtained from 2D magnetoconductivity using the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka equation. The variation of the phase coherence length with temperature suggests electron–electron scattering for phase decoherence. Electron–electron interaction theory is used to analyze the low-temperature conductivity.
Wood Chemistry and Wood Biotechnology (2009)

The production of forestry products is based on a complex chain of knowledge in which the biological material wood with all its natural variability is converted into a variety of fiber-based products, each one with its detailed and specific quality requirements. This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and products including market demands. Supported by a grant from the Ljungberg Foundation, the Editors at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden coordinated over 30 authors from university and industry to create this comprehensive overview. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources.
Enabling advanced inference on sensor nodes through direct use of compressively-sensed signals (2012)

Nowadays, sensor networks are being used to monitor increasingly complex physical systems, necessitating advanced signal analysis capabilities as well as the ability to handle large amounts of network data. For the first time, we present a methodology to enable advanced decision support on a low-power sensor node through the direct use of compressively-sensed signals in a supervised-learning framework; such signals provide a highly efficient means of representing data in the network, and their direct use overcomes the need for energy-intensive signal reconstruction. Sensor networks for advanced patient monitoring are representative of the complexities involved. We demonstrate our technique on a patient-specific seizure detection algorithm based on electroencephalograph (EEG) sensing. Using data from 21 patients in the CHB-MIT database, our approach demonstrates an overall detection sensitivity, latency, and false alarm rate of 94.70%, 5.83 seconds, and 0.199 per hour, respectively, while achieving data compression by a factor of 10x. This compares well with the state-of-the-art baseline detector with corresponding results being 96.02%, 4.59 seconds, and 0.145 per hour, respectively.
Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives (2021)

The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.