gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody Responses to <i>Campylobacter</i> Infections Determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: 2-Year Follow-Up Study of 210 Patients (2001)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA classes of human serum antibody to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Heat-stable antigen, a combination of C. jejuni serotype O:1,44 and O:53 in the ratio 1:1, was used as a coating antigen in the ELISA test. A total of 631 sera from 210 patients with verified Campylobacter enteritis were examined at various intervals after infection, and a control group of 164 sera were tested to determine the cut-off for negative results. With a 90th percentile of specificity, IgG, IgM, and IgA showed a sensitivity of 71, 60, and 80%, respectively. By combining all three antibody classes, the sensitivity was 92% within 35 days after infection, whereas within 90 days after infection, a combined sensitivity of 90% was found (IgG 68%, IgM 52%, and IgA 76%). At follow-up of the patients, IgG antibodies were elevated 4.5 months after infection but exhibited a large degree of variation in antibody decay profiles. IgA and IgM antibodies were elevated during the acute phase of infection (up to 2 months from onset of infection). The antibody response did not depend on Campylobacter species or C. jejuni serotype, with the important exception of response to C. jejuni O:19, the serotype most frequently associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. All of the patients infected with this serotype had higher levels of both IgM (P = 0.006) and IgA (P = 0.06) compared with other C. jejuni and C. coli serotypes.
Reclassification of Thermomonospora and Microtetraspora (1998)

Almost complete 16S rRNA sequences from seven Thermomonospora strains, Thermomonospora curvata, Thermomonospora formosensis, Thermomonospora fusca, Thermomonospora mesophila, Thermomonospora chromogena, Thermomonospora alba and Thermomonospora mesouviformis (a synonym of Thermomonospora alba) were determined and subjected to phylogenetic analysis together with the sequences from all the representative members of the suborder Streptosporangineae. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence, the transfer is proposed of Thermomonospora formosensis to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura formosensis comb. nov., Thermomonospora mesophila to the genus Microbispora as Microbispora mesophila comb. nov., and Thermomonospora fusca and Thermomonospora alba to a new genus, Thermobifida gen. nov., which belongs to the family Nocardiopsaceae, as Thermobifida fusca comb. nov. and Thermobifida alba comb. nov. Thermobifida alba is designated the type species of the genus. The transfer is also proposed of all species of the Microtetraspora pusilla group, which were transferred from Actinomadura, to a new genus, Nonomuria gen. nov., as Nonomuria africana comb. nov., Nonomuria angiospora comb. nov., Nonomuria fastidiosa comb. nov., Nonomuria ferruginea comb. nov., Nonomuria flexuosa comb. nov., Nonomuria helvata comb. nov., Nonomuria polychroma comb. nov., Nonomuria pusilla comb. nov., Nonomuria recticatena comb. nov., Nonomuria roseola comb. nov., Nonomuria roseoviolacea comb. nov., Nonomuria rubra comb. nov., Nonomuria salmonea comb. nov., Nonomuria spiralis comb. nov. and Nonomuria turkmeniaca comb. nov. Nonomuria pusilla is designated the type species of the genus.
Maize U2 snRNAs: gene sequence and expression (1989)

The complexity of plant U-type small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (UsnRNPs) may represent one level at which differences in splicing between animals and plants and between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants could be effected. The maize (monocot.) U2snRNA multigene family consists of some 25 to 40 genes which from RNA blot and RNase protection analyses produce U2snRNAs varying in both size and sequence. The first 77 nucleotides of the maize U2–27 snRNA gene are identical to U2snRNA genes of Arabidopsis (dicot.). Despite much lower sequence homology in the remaining 120 nucleotides the secondary stnicture of the RNA is conserved. The difference in splicing between monocot. and dicot. plants cannot be explained on the basis of sequence differences between monocot. and dicot. U2snRNAs in the region which may interact with intron branch point sequences.
Some characteristics of a droplet whispering-gallery-mode laser (1986)

We report lasing characteristics of 40-60-microm-diameter Rhodamine 590/water solution droplets pumped by a 20-nsec-duration Q-switched laser. The Rhodamine/water solution provides a useful model system for studying the properties of oscillators based on whispering-gallery-wave spherical cavities. The low threshold for lasing, 10(4) W/cm(2) for 10(-4) M solutions, is consistent with particle size and a cavity Q factor of 10(4). Portions of the droplet lase purely in transverse electric (TE) modes, while other portions contain both TE and lower-Q transverse magnetic modes. In the far field, the lasing droplet approximates a coherent point source emitting in all directions.
Design Considerations for a Digital Subcarrier Coherent Optical Modem (2017)

Subcarrier modulation is shown to provide a number of system benefits including complexity savings in dispersion compensation, Kerr nonlinearity mitigation and flexibility in spectral efficiency. Design considerations are discussed.
Pothole Detection and Warning System: Infrastructure Support and System Design (2009)

Many on-going projects in the field of vehicular networks are working in the direction of providing driver with relevant information about roads and traffic movements. In this paper, we propose a novelWi-Fi based architecture for Pothole Detection and Warning System which assists the driver in avoiding potholes on the roads by giving prior warnings. The system consists of access points placed on the roadsides for broadcasting data, which can be received byte Wi-Fi enabled vehicles as they enter the area covered by the influence of the access points. The mobile nodes can also broadcast their response as feedback which when received by access point can beutilized for backend server processing.The pothole detection application proposed in this paper enables the driver to receive information of the potholes on the roads in the vicinity of the moving vehicle. The application can be integrated in the vehicle so as to alarm the driver in the form of a visual signal, audio signal or even trigger the braking system. Simulations demonstrate the advantages of using our approach for constructing pothole detection systems. Many such similar applications can be deployed over the framework provided by the system to assist navigation on roads.
Amino Acids and Peptides; 58<sup>1</sup>Synthesis of Optically Active 2-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic Acids and 2-(1-Aminoalkyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic Acids (1986)

Two routes are outlined for the synthesis of (R)- or (S)-2-(1-aminoalkyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acids starting from commercial available (S)-amino acids.
Rapid Prototyping RFID Antennas Using Direct-Write (2009)

Optimization of radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags often requires several iterations of antenna design/fabrication/testing to meet cost and performance targets. The use of a rapid prototyping approach for antenna development would allow the designer an inexpensive and fast route to the refinement process. In this study, the performance of a commercial-off-the-shelf ultrahigh frequency (UHF) etched copper antenna was compared to printed silver antennas prepared by the following three direct-write techniques: maskless mesoscale materials deposition; matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct-write; and, collimated aerosol beam direct-write. The morphologies of the antennas were analyzed using contact and optical profilers with sheet resistance also being measured. Operational characteristics were determined by mounting silicon integrated circuits (IC) to the four different types of antennas. The performance of tags that utilized direct-write silver antennas was comparable to the copper-based commercial tag. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration where some of the direct-write rapid prototyping attributes (e.g., slight overspray, overlap of written lines, overall thickness less than 500 nm) are shown to not seriously impede RFID tag performance. These results demonstrate the utility of direct-write for rapid prototyping studies for UHF RFID antennas.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Needs Adjustment for the Population Investigated (2004)

Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease are common in developing countries, e.g., Vietnam. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening of patients and for seroepidemiology is a useful tool but needs to be validated in the population studied. We used in-house ELISA with sonicated Swedish and Vietnamese strains as antigens to measure immunoglobulin G antibodies after absorption with sonicated Campylobacter jejuni in sera from 270 H. pylori culture-confirmed peptic ulcer patients, 128 Swedish urea-breath test and immunoblot-positive healthy controls, and 432 Vietnamese immunoblot-positive population controls. Sonicated whole-cell antigen based on the local strains showed a significantly better performance. Immunoblot-positive peptic ulcer patients had significantly higher antibody concentrations than immunoblot-positive population controls, necessitating a lower cutoff level if serology is used for screening or epidemiological purposes. The study shows that the parameters of ELISA for H. pylori need to be adjusted for the population being investigated.
Abstract B168: ANG1005: Results of a phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors and metastatic brain cancer (2009)

Abstract ANG1005 is a new generation taxane created from Angiochem's Engineered Peptide Compound (EPiC) platform. Studies have shown that ANG1005 gains entry into the brain compartment by targeting the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) which is one of the most highly expressed receptors on the surface of the BBB. Once inside the brain, ANG1005 enters tumor cells using the same receptor-mediated pathway through LRP, which is upregulated in various cancer cells including metastatic brain cancer cells. Metastatic brain cancer is the most common intracranial neoplasm in adults with an estimated incidence of 200 000 cases each year in the United States alone. To date, treatment options are limited and marginally effective. A multi-center, phase I, open-label, sequential cohort, dose escalation study of ANG1005 in patients with advanced solid tumors and brain metastases is ongoing in the US. Study objectives include characterization of safety and tolerability and identification of maximum tolerated dose (MTD). ANG1005 is administered by IV infusion once every 21 days (1 treatment cycle) without premedication. After evaluating doses of 30–700 mg/m2, 650 mg/m2 was identified as MTD. Data including adverse events and hematological parameters indicate that ANG1005 is safe and well tolerated. The most common events occurring at a severity ≥ Grade 2 according to CTCAE, version 3.0 at MTD (n=20) were neutropenia (95% of patients; Grade 4 in 75%), leucopenia (100%; Grade 4 in 40%), anemia (55%; no cases of Grade 4), thrombocytopenia (40%; no cases of Grade 4) and mucositis (25%; no cases of Grade 4); these events have been transient and manageable with standard treatments. Neurocognitive data have shown that ANG1005 does not cause cognitive impairment and tests for antibodies demonstrate that ANG1005 does not elicit antibody production even in patients who have received up to 6 cycles of treatment. Pharmacokinetic data indicate linear ANG1005 bioavailability. Disease control (≥ stable disease) assessed by CT/MRI in this heavily pre-treated group of patients was achieved in 70% at doses &gt; 300 mg/m2 including 7 patients who had previously progressed on taxane therapy. Partial response was observed in 30% of patients dosed &gt; 300 mg/m2. Tumor types that showed the best improvements were breast, non-small cell lung and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, partial and complete responses were achieved in metastatic locations including the brain (67% disease control), liver (70% disease control), lung (67% disease control) and lymph nodes (80% disease control). Clinical data gathered to date indicate that ANG1005 shows promise as a potential treatment option for patients with advanced solid tumors and brain metastases. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B168.
Cresceptron: a self-organizing neural network which grows adaptively (2003)

Cresceptron uses a hierarchical framework to grow neural networks automatically, adaptively, and incrementally through learning. At every level of the hierarchy, new concepts are detected automatically and the network grows by creating new neurons and synapses which memorize the new concepts and their context. The training samples are generalized to other perceptually equivalent items through hierarchical tolerance of deviation. The neural network recognizes the learned items and their variations by hierarchically associating the learned knowledge with the input. It segments the recognized items from the input through back training along the response paths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of a phone-based clinical decision support system for resource-limited settings (2012)

While previous work has shown that clinical decision support systems (CDSS) improve patient care in resource-limited settings, there is little access to such systems at the point of care. Moreover, even when CDSS are available, compliance with care suggestions remain low. In this paper, we use a multi-method approach to document four failure modes that can affect CDSS implementations. Building from six iteratively derived design principles, we describe a phone-based system designed to address these failure modes. Through a formal usability evaluation, we discover six core findings that are important for implementers of mobile systems for health care providers in resource-limited settings.
Attenuation of TORC1 signaling delays replicative and oncogenic RAS-induced senescence (2012)

Numerous stimuli, including oncogenic signaling, DNA damage or eroded telomeres trigger proliferative arrest, termed cellular senescence. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular senescence is a potent barrier to tumorigenesis in vivo, however oncogene induced senescence can also promote cellular transformation. Several oncogenes, whose overexpression results in cellular senescence, converge on the TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway. We therefore examined whether attenuation of TOR results in delay or reversal of cellular senescence. By using primary human fibroblasts undergoing either replicative or oncogenic RAS-induced senescence, we demonstrated that senescence can be delayed, and some aspects of senescence can be reversed by inhibition of TOR, using either the TOR inhibitor rapamycin or by depletion of TORC1 (TOR Complex 1). Depletion of TORC2 fails to affect the course of replicative or RAS-induced senescence. Overexpression of REDD1 (Regulated in DNA Damage Response and Development), a negative regulator of TORC1, delays the onset of replicative senescence. These results indicate that TORC1 is an integral component of the signaling pathway that mediates cellular senescence.
Dual Peripheral Actions of Immune Cells in Neuropathic Pain (2011)

Ability to perceive physiological pain is essential in protecting the individual from tissue destruction. In contrast, pathological chronic pain is an expression of maladaptive alterations outlasting its biological usefulness. In such conditions even eating, speaking or wearing clothes might be painful, as in neuropathic pain. Such pain is caused by diseases or injuries affecting nerves (e.g. diabetes, trigeminal neuralgia or amputation). Neuropathic pain is not an exclusive neuronal phenomenon but also involves immune responses. Damaged peripheral nerves are infiltrated by mast cells, granulocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes. It is widely emphasized that these cells, via secretion of inflammatory mediators (e.g. proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines), contribute to the generation of neuropathic pain. However, leukocytes are also a source of analgesic mediators such as anti-inflammatory cytokines and opioid peptides. Recent findings indicate that immune cell-derived opioid peptides can interact with opioid receptors in the injured nerves and ameliorate neuropathic pain. Targeting opioid-containing immune cells might represent a new disease-modifying approach based on the use of beneficial effects of neuro-inflammation in painful neuropathies. This review analyzes both detrimental and advantageous actions of leukocytes at peripheral nerves in neuropathic pain.
Bias in the news (2012)

Andrew McIntyre on why journalists lean left, and why government regulation will make it worse.
Acute coronary syndrome--Diagnosis, and treatment-- (2003)

急性冠症候群はアテローマプラークに破綻あるいはびらんが発生し, 引き続く血栓形成によって発症すると考えられている. 破綻を起こしやすいプラークは不安定プラークと呼ばれ, その狭窄度は必ずしも高度ではなく75%未満の狭窄が7-8割を占める. 不安定プラークはその辺縁に活発に活動するT-リンパ球やマクロファージそして平滑筋細胞を持ち, それらから発現する蛋白融解酵素やサイトカイン, 増殖因子がプラークの不安定化を修飾する. 急性冠症候群の予防, 最近ではその急性期においても, これらのいわゆる炎症性反応を抑えてゆくことが重要と考えられるようになってきた. 急性冠症候群の中には典型的なST上昇型の急性心筋梗塞のほかにST上昇のない心筋梗塞 (non-ST上昇型心筋梗塞) あるいはQ波のない心筋梗塞 (非Q波型梗塞), 不安定狭心症や冠動脈疾患を原因とした突然死が含まれる. その診断においては臨床症状と心電図がもっとも重要であるが, 最近では新しい血清マーカーとして, トロポニンTや脂肪酸結合蛋白などが補助診断として有用である. これらを用いながら, 来院から診断そして治療までのプロセスをいかに短時間に能率的に行うかが重要である. 治療には内科治療だけでよい場合から, カテーテル治療, そして緊急に冠動脈バイパス術を必要とする症例まで様々である. その中で個々の重症度を速やかに評価し, 刻々と変化する病態を捉えながら, 時期を逃さず治療を選択し実行して行く必要がある. 大まかな治療の流れとしては, 初期治療に平行してリスクの評価を行い, 血行再建術の適応と時期を判断する. 急性期の内科治療, カテーテル治療あるいは冠動脈バイパス術に引き続き二次予防のプログラムを導入する. 治療内容としては一般療法 (鎮痛と安静), 虚血の軽減 (硝酸剤・β遮断剤あるいはCa拮抗薬) と責任病変の血行再建 (カテーテル治療と冠動脈バイパス術・その補助療法としての抗凝固剤・抗血小板剤), 再発予防と心機能不全の改善維持 (心臓リハビリテーション・冠危険因子の改善・抗血小板剤・高脂血症治療剤・β遮断剤・ACE阻害薬) を用いる. 二次予防には, A: aspirin and anticoagulants, B: blood pressure and beta blocker, C: cholesterol and cigarettes, D: Diet and diabetes, E: exercise and educationの原則で多面的なアプローチが必要である. この報告では, 最近の急性冠症候群の概念・診断・治療のプロセスを概説する.
High-Power Ferroresonant Voltage Regulating Transformers (1979)

Two-core Wroblewski ferroresonant transformers up to 25 kVA have been built for 1-phase, and up to 75 kVA for 3-phase, 60-Hz operation. These transformers are used for the isolation, regulation, and transient suppression of line voltage for computers and other data-processing equipment. The transformers have also been used for general service in overseas 50-Hz poorly regulated electric-supply systems. The Wroblewski structure serves for gaseous-discharge lamp ballasts, and more recently for high-power autotransformer or fully isolated output ferroresonant transformers. The butt and spline air gaps are used to adjust the range of input line voltage, the output voltage, and the waveform. The function and interconnection of the windings, the operation of the structures at high and low line-voltage conditions, waveforms and regulation curves will be described.
Spectroscopic characterisation of crusts interstratified with prehistoric paintings preserved in open‐air rock art shelters (2014)

In situ micro‐Raman spectroscopy ( μ ‐RS) of rock art paintings in open‐air rock shelters entails several difficulties: sunlight, wind, dust and crusts that mask Raman signals from the pigments and any other component of the paint recipe. These problems have been considered in the present work. Special attention has been devoted to the presence of crusts. Five rock art sites in the eastern Iberian Peninsula with outstanding difficulties to be analysed by this technique have been the object of this study. In situ energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy using portable instruments have provided important help. Moreover, microstratigraphic studies by μ ‐RS and scanning electronic microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of micro‐specimens from the painting panels have revealed the distribution of the different components. Dolomite and calcite are dominant minerals in the rock substrata. Whewellite, gypsum, calcite, clay, dolomite, α ‐quartz, anatase and haematite have been found on the surface of the painting panels or forming stratified layers in the crusts. Haematite and amorphous carbon have been detected in red and black pictographs, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supercontinuum generation at 1.06 μm in holey fibers with dispersion flattened profiles (2006)

We report the results of a systematic experimental and theoretical study of 1.06 mum pumped supercontinuum generation in a range of holey fibers with different flattened dispersion profiles. Clear differences in terms of the underpinning mechanisms emerge depending on the spacing between the two fiber zero-dispersion wavelengths. By examining the phase matched wavelength range of the corresponding fiber dispersions, one can predict the maximum achievable supercontinuum bandwidth.
Sensor fusion of delay and non-delay signal using Kalman Filter with moving covariance (2009)

A movement of the omni-directional mobile robot is deflected by a slippage of its wheels, measurement such as acceleration, angular velocity and computer vision should be applied to compensate error from slippage of each wheel. Each sensor has advantages and drawbacks. For example, computer vision(CV) can measure the absolute position and the angle of the robot but it requires much time to process images which causes timing delay. On the other hand, inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscope can swiftly response to its movement. Unfortunately, the position and the angle are obtained by integrating the measured signal which causes accumulated error of estimating the position and angle. In this paper, Kalman Filter is applied to implement fusion of the delay and non-delay data. When a delay signal is available, a classical method, which filter delay signal is re-performing Kalman operation at every step from the time of measured delay signal to current time. Therefore, we proposed method that only need to update the stored covariance between two different time instants. With less computational cost comparing to the classical method and the uniformity of the computation in every iteration, the efficiency of Kalman filter remains the same. Also, this method can be applied to soft-nonlinear case by utilizing Extended Kalman filter.
Holographic motion pictures of microscopic plankton (1978)

A high-speed cine-camera system utilizing holographic principles to circumvent the restrictive depth of field limitations of photomicrography is being used for behavioral studies of rapidly moving marine zooplankton. High resolution is achieved from small format, flexible 35-mm movie film by the development of a lens-assisted holocamera. The lens images subjects close to the film in the recording process in order to reduce flatness requirements of the film. Aberrations introduced by the lens are cancelled by positioning it in precisely the same relationship to the film during reconstruction as it occupied in recording. New alignment and pathlength matching techniques for complex holocameras were developed.
Theory of two-photon double-beam optical bistability (1981)

Transmission characteristics of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer with two independent optical beams are considered under steady-state conditions. The sum frequency of two beams is taken to be near a two-photon resonance of the nonlinear medium. Two beams are coupled through the intensity-dependent susceptibility and influence propagation of each other in a mutual way. A set of two coupled-state equations is derived and it incorporates saturated absorption and dispersion as well as the effect of optical Stark shift. The system is found to have as many as seven stationary states, and at most, three are stable among them. The degenerate case of a single beam in two-photon resonance with the medium is also considered with particular emphasis on the effect of the optical Stark shift on optical bistability.