gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding disk failure rates (2007)

Component failure in large-scale IT installations is becoming an ever-larger problem as the number of components in a single cluster approaches a million. This article is an extension of our previous study on disk failures [Schroeder and Gibson 2007] and presents and analyzes field-gathered disk replacement data from a number of large production systems, including high-performance computing sites and internet services sites. More than 110,000 disks are covered by this data, some for an entire lifetime of five years. The data includes drives with SCSI and FC, as well as SATA interfaces. The mean time-to-failure (MTTF) of those drives, as specified in their datasheets, ranges from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 hours, suggesting a nominal annual failure rate of at most 0.88%. We find that in the field, annual disk replacement rates typically exceed 1%, with 2--4% common and up to 13% observed on some systems. This suggests that field replacement is a fairly different process than one might predict based on datasheet MTTF. We also find evidence, based on records of disk replacements in the field, that failure rate is not constant with age, and that rather than a significant infant mortality effect, we see a significant early onset of wear-out degradation. In other words, the replacement rates in our data grew constantly with age, an effect often assumed not to set in until after a nominal lifetime of 5 years. Interestingly, we observe little difference in replacement rates between SCSI, FC, and SATA drives, potentially an indication that disk-independent factors such as operating conditions affect replacement rates more than component-specific ones. On the other hand, we see only one instance of a customer rejecting an entire population of disks as a bad batch, in this case because of media error rates, and this instance involved SATA disks. Time between replacement, a proxy for time between failure, is not well modeled by an exponential distribution and exhibits significant levels of correlation, including autocorrelation and long-range dependence.
Exploring User Attitudes Towards Different Approaches to Command Recommendation in Feature-Rich Software (2016)

Feature-rich software applications offer users hundreds of commands, yet most people use only a very small fraction of the available command set. Command recommenders aim to increase awareness of an application's capabilities by generating personalized recommendations for new commands. A primary distinguishing characteristic of these recommenders concerns the manner in which they determine command relevance. Social approaches do so by analyzing community usage logs, whereas, task-based approaches mine web documentation for logical command clusters. Through a qualitative study with sixteen participants, in this work we explored user attitudes towards these different approaches and the supplemental information they enable.
Lower-curing-temperature PMR polyimides (1981)

Studies were performed to achieve a lower-curing-temperature PMR polyimide. The use of m-aminostyrene as the end-cap instead of the monoalkyl ester of 5-normbornene-2,3 dicarboxylic acid was investigated in typical PMR formulations. Model compound studies were also performed. Differential scanning calorimetry studies were performed on model compounds and neat resins to establish their melting and curing characteristics. The elevated temperature weight loss characteristics of neat resins and graphite fiber composites were determined. The room temperature and short-time 260 C (500 F) mechanical properties of the composites were also determined. The use of m-aminostyrene end-caps reduced the final cure temperature of PMR resins by about 55 C (100 F), but the composites prepared with these resins are limited to use temperatures of about 260 C (500 F).
Exploiting map information for driver intention estimation at road intersections (2011)

Safety applications at road intersections require algorithms that can estimate the manoeuvre intention of all the drivers in the scene. In this paper, the use of contextual information extracted from a digital map of the road network is explored. We propose a Bayesian network which combines probabilistically uncertain observations on the vehicle's behaviour and information about the geometrical and topological characteristics of the road intersection in order to infer a driver's manoeuvre intention. The approach is evaluated on trajectories recorded from real traffic, including complex scenarios where the behaviour of the vehicle is inconsistent. We define an evaluation method that accounts for the impossibility to make reliable predictions in some situations, and show that the system is able to reliably combine vehicle state information and map information to infer a driver's intended manoeuvre.
Imaging Properties of Modified Fresnel Zone Plates (1984)

The imaging properties of two types of modified Fresnel zone plate are calculated and compared with those of the equivalent normal zone plate, with particular reference to their use in soft X-ray microscopy. The modifications considered are (1) central obstruction of the zone plates, which improves the resolving power but also leads to loss in efficiency and to a higher fraction of the energy in the outer parts of the diffraction pattern; and (2) a central zone plate with first-order focal length ƒ surrounded by outer zones with third-order focal length ƒ. This gives improved resolution and higher focused energy, but a smaller depth of focus and increased background.
<i>In vitro</i> inhibition of plant pathogens by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i> and <i>in vivo</i> control of two postharvest cherry diseases (1986)

Twenty-one isolates of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and one of Enterobacter aerogenes were tested on agar for antagonism to Alternaria alternata, Armillariella mellea, Botrytis allii, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum, Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium cepivorum, Verticillium dahliae, and Venturia inequalis, causal organisms of many plant diseases. Enterobacter aerogenes was antagonisic to all of the pathogenic fungi tested except Verticillium dahliae and Armillariella mellea. Similarly, Bacillus subtilis was antagonistic to all of the pathogenic fungi tested except Pythium ultimum. When Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis were tested in vivo on cherry fruit for control of postharvest brown rot and alternaria rot, Enterobacter aerogenes was ineffective. Eleven isolates of Bacillus subtilis provided effective alternaria rot control and 15 isolates provided brown rot control which ranked with the best fungicide control.
Input and output queueing ATM switch architecture with spatial and temporal slot reservation control (1992)

A viable ATM switch architecture exploiting both input and output queucing on a space division switch is proposed. This architecture features both input and output ports that are divided into several groups, and an efficient contention resolution algorithm is developed. The performance study indicates that a group size of 8 is sufficient to achieve 90% efficiency.
Use of hollow silica and titanium dioxide microparticles in solar reflective paints for daytime radiative cooling applications in a tropical region (2021)

Passive radiative cooling provides an energy-saving method for heat management in buildings. Solar reflective paints are versatile and scalable formats that can be readily applied for this cooling technology. We investigate solar reflective paints consisting of hollow silica (SiO2) and hollow titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles as pigments and methyltrimethoxysilane as a binder. The hollow microparticles are synthesized via sol-gel and etching methods to control their diameter. Paint formulation is optimized for high total solar reflectance, measured by a UV-visible-near infrared photospectrometer, without exceeding the critical particle volume content. By introducing air volume into the particles and selecting optimal particle size, solar reflectance of the dry paints is significantly improved. Compared to TiO2 microparticle samples, paints with hollow SiO2 microparticles are more effective at rejecting solar irradiation on average while also requiring less particle volume content. Thermal and spectral emissivity measurement also indicates that the hollow SiO2 microparticle paint has the highest broadband infrared emission, followed by a commercial paint and a TiO2 sample. Outdoor experiment in a tropical climate demonstrates that the paint with hollow SiO2 microparticles has better cooling performance than a commercial cooling paint product. The results suggest the potential of hollow SiO2 microparticles for improving radiative cooling paints.
Advances in the Electro‐Fenton Process for Remediation of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds (2012)

Abstract The electro‐Fenton (EF) process is a promising method combining electrochemical reactions and Fenton's reagent. In this hybrid process, the electrical current induces the in situ generation of H 2 O 2 via reduction of oxygen, and the catalytic reaction is propagated by Fe 2+ regeneration, which can take place by reduction of Fe 3+ with H 2 O 2 , hydroperoxyl radical, organic radical intermediates, or directly at the cathode. Recent advances in the EF process are discussed and several key variables analyzed, including electrode material, initial pH, and Fenton's reagents, in order to extend the applicability of this technology.
DIRECT MERGING OF TRIANGLE MESHES PRESERVING SIMULATION SEMANTICS FOR FAST MODIFICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELS (2014)

Nowadays, most of the numerical product behavior analyses are carried out following four steps: Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling, mesh definition, Finite Element (FE) simulation and results analysis. This process can be completed by optimization loops. In the context of current maintenance and lifecycle problems, the product is already designed, and its behavior has to be studied and improved during its exploitation. For the maintenance of the EDF power plants, it is critical to identify the problem source and to provide the adopted solution in a short time. In this paper, we propose a method to enable the direct modification of 2D FE models for fast and accurate FE simulation. This approach enables to avoid both multiple iterative updatings of the CAD model and the remeshing problems of complex shapes while reusing the exiting meshes together with the semantic data useful for FE simulation. Starting from existing triangle meshes to be merged, the algorithm removes the intersected faces and fills in the created holes while ensuring that the semantics initially associated to the meshes is preserved. The holes filling algorithm is driven by an aspect ratio factor which ensures that the produced triangulation fits well the FE requirements.
A silicon compiler for digital signal processing: Methodology, implementation, and applications (1987)

This paper describes a fully integrated silicon compilation tool geared towards digital signal processing applications. The silicon compiler presented here uses a bit-serial architecture with a 1.25- µm CMOS cell library. It accepts as its input a high-level description language tailored for digital signal processing algorithms. The language supports the basic signal processing constructs such as multiplication, addition, subtraction, sample delays, logical operators, relational operators, as well as a conditional assignment. The compiler is equipped with behavioral, logic, and fault simulators, and performs placement and routing. The paper also details the use of the silicon compiler for the implementation of classical DSP algorithms: digital filters, FFT, programmable filters, as well as other more specialized applications such as adaptive algorithms and waveform synthesis. Moreover, some techniques are presented to implement more complex mathematical functions commonly used in DSP. The results of chip designs using the compiler and its impact on future designs are highlighted.
LED pumped polymer laser sensor for explosives (2013)

A very compact explosive vapor sensor is demonstrated based on a distributed feedback polymer laser pumped by a commercial InGaN light-emitting diode. The laser shows a two-stage turn on of the laser emission, for pulsed drive currents above 15.7 A. The 'double-threshold' phenomenon is attributed to the slow rise of the ∼30 ns duration LED pump pulses. The laser emits a 533 nm pulsed output beam of ∼10 ns duration perpendicular to the polymer film. When exposed to nitroaromatic model explosive vapors at ∼8 ppb concentration, the laser shows a 46% change in the surface-emitted output under optimized LED excitation.
[The risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus for health care personnel]. (1991)

When more and more health care workers are involved in treatment of patients infected with HIV, the fear of professional acquisition has to be met. Data about real risk and the type of recommended prophylactic measures are reviewed. A realistic approach of this problem in our health care settings is attempted.
Flame retardant viscose rayon containing a pyrophosphate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlame retardant viscose rayon containing a pyrophosphateRainer WolfCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 3, 413–420Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300003a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i300003a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Circuit configuration of the GTO converter for superconducting magnetic energy storage (2003)

The authors discuss the circuit configurations and design of two AC-to-DC power converters for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) using gate-turn-off (GTO) thyristors. The circuits are current-source rectifiers, so that suppressing the overvoltage on the GTOs during commutation is an important consideration. Moreover, to get high conversion efficiency it is necessary to handle the commutation energy properly. Two circuits are presented for this purpose, and the detailed computer simulation of these circuits is discussed. The resulting design policies and characteristics for both circuits are described, and the best choice of converter circuit for SMES is determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PHIGS+ functional description revision (1988)

This is a set of proposed extensions to the proposed PHIGS graphics standard (dpANS X3.144-198x. DIS 9592) to cover the areas of lighting, shading and advanced primitives which have thus far not been addressed by that standard. This document is organized to promote its eventual integration with the existing PHIGS documentation and is therefore not tutorial in nature. It assumes that the reader is familiar with PHIGS. with rendering and with curves and surfaces. This specification has been made available to standards bodies for their consideration.
Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and the hazards of blood radicals (2000)

Cell-free hemoglobins, chemically altered or genetically expressed in microbial host systems, have been developed as oxygen-carrying therapeutics. Site-directed modifications are introduced and serve to stabilize the protein molecules in a tetrameric and/or a polymeric functional form. Animal studies, as well as recent clinical studies, have suggested these proteins probably deliver oxygen to tissues. However, concerns still persist regarding the interference of hemoglobin and its oxidation products with the vascular redox balance, potentially impeding its clinical usefulness. This article reviews our current understanding of heme-mediated toxicities and some of the emerging protective strategies used to overcome hemoglobin side reactions.
Multicast Congestion Control for Active Network Services (1999)

Abstract The growing interest in multicast applications for the Internet, that will increase with the introduction of active network technoiogy, brings out the need for providing effective congestion control mechanisms. This paper studies the problems and specific requirements for multicast congestion control. From this study, a general mechanism is proposed and its advantages and compliance with the requirements are described. The general mechanism is then applied in detail to the Reliable Multicast Active Network Protocol implementation. We conclude that active networks provide good support for congestion control mechanism and that the proposed approach satisfies the stated requirements. However, further work is needed to optimize the values of the system parameters.
Federal Consistency: Facts and Fantasies (1987)

The federal consistency provisions at Section 307 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (the CZMA, Pub. Law 92-583, as amended) require, in general, that federal agencies act in a manner consistent with federally-approved state coastal zone management programs (CZMP's). Federal consistency is not likely ever to be a process over which a consensus of opinions can be reached. The most objective evaluations will likely continue to conclude that consultation and coordination have been furthered by the federal consistency requirements of the CZMA and that few projects are actually ever precluded from completion as a result of the requirement that they be consistent with state CZMP's.
Lubricity of Brine Completion and Workover Fluids (2010)

Abstract As the industry increasingly develops extended-reach, high-angle and deepwater wells, one of the considerations is fluid lubricity when designing a completion or workover fluid. Fluid lubricity plays an important role in choosing the optimum fluid for the operation. This paper presents lubricity or coefficient of friction data for various completion and workover brines. Two commercial brine lubricants were also evaluated to determine their effectiveness in increasing brine lubricity. Results indicate that lubricity of brines varied with the type and concentration of salt, but generally increased with increasing salt concentration. For example, sodium and potassium brines behave differently as compared to calcium brines with regard to lubricity. Also, zinc bromide containing brines show very high lubricity, suggesting that using a lubricant is generally unnecessary. Furthermore, practical guidelines are provided to better design brine completion and workover fluids for well operations where reducing torque and drag is required. Case histories are also presented which successfully applied one of the lubricants in the fields.
Checkpoints and continuations instead of nested transactions (2008)

We present a mechanism for partially aborting transactions through the use of data structure checkpoints and control-flow continuations. In particular, we show that boosted transactions [9] already have built-in restoration points and afford a simple, efficient implementation. Our mechanism is far simpler than previous work, which relied on complex nesting schemes to establish checkpoints. We demonstrate syntactic advantages and we quantify the overhead of checkpoints and explore several examples, illustrating the utility of partially aborting transactions.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform for both small neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in blood, with automatic and robust solid phase extraction (2015)

Neurons communicate via chemical signals called neurotransmitters (NTs). The numerous identified NTs can have very different physiochemical properties (solubility, charge, size etc.), so quantification of the various NT classes traditionally requires several analytical platforms/methodologies. We here report that a diverse range of NTs, e.g. peptides oxytocin and vasopressin, monoamines adrenaline and serotonin, and amino acid GABA, can be simultaneously identified/measured in small samples, using an analytical platform based on liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The automated platform is cost-efficient as manual sample preparation steps and one-time-use equipment are kept to a minimum. Zwitter-ionic HILIC stationary phases were used for both on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (capillary format, cLC). This approach enabled compounds from all NT classes to elute in small volumes producing sharp and symmetric signals, and allowing precise quantifications of small samples, demonstrated with whole blood (100 microliters per sample). An additional robustness-enhancing feature is automatic filtration/filter back-flushing (AFFL), allowing hundreds of samples to be analyzed without any parts needing replacement. The platform can be installed by simple modification of a conventional LC-MS system.
Dynamic roadways and in-vehicle lighting conditions for determining mesopic adaptation luminance (2015)

This study examines the dynamic lighting conditions in automobile, at the driver's eyes, due to both roadway and in-vehicle systems. We measured the illuminance, luminance, and spectral outputs of several roadway lighting systems, as well as the driver's gaze direction and pupil dilation under mesopic conditions. The test vehicle was a 2009 Ford Focus, driving on selected rural, suburban, and city streets as well as expressways in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. The results could have important implications for the computation of target visibility under a known range of mesopic adaptation luminance on the roadway. They may contribute to strategies for design, deployment, and operational decisions for Smart Cities' lighting in the Intelligent Transportation System.
Antihypertensive Effect of an Extract of<i>Passiflora edulis</i>Rind in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2006)

Orally administered methanol extract of Passiflora edulis rind (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) or luteolin (50 mg/kg), which is one of consistent polyphenols of the extract, significantly lowered systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that the extract contained 20 microg/g dry weight of luteolin and 41 microg/g dry weight of luteolin-6-C-glucoside. It also contained gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 2.4 mg/g dry weight by LC-MS/MS or 4.4 mg/g dry weight by amino acid analysis) which has been reported to be an antihypertensive material. Since the extract contained a relatively high concentration of GABA, the antihypertensive effect of the extract in SHRs might be due mostly to the GABA-induced antihypertensive effect and partially to the vasodilatory effect of polyphenols including luteolin.