gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology of chemically prepared polyaniline nanofibers (2009)

Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were chemically prepared through ultrasonic irradiated polymerization with varying ultrasonic power, frequency, and reaction temperature. It was found that PANI nanofibers with smoother surfaces and uniform diameters can be achieved by increasing the ultrasonic power or the reaction temperature in the studied ranges; a higher reaction temperature was also beneficial for producing PANI nanofibers with larger aspect ratios. With the ultrasonic power set to 250 W, although the polymer prepared at higher frequencies showed higher purity as well as smoother surfaces than those at lower frequencies, the one prepared at 50 kHz with uniform diameters of about 80 nm and lengths of about 700 nm performed best. With the ultrasonic power and frequency fixed and aniline polymerization carried out between 0 and 75°C, PANI nanofibers exhibiting larger aspect ratio and less agglomeration were obtained under a higher reaction temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Comparison of Moisture-Activated Dry Granulation Profess with Conventional Granulation Methods for Sematilide Hydrochloride Tablets (1990)

During the development of a tablet formulation of a cohesive, fluffy investigational drug, a novel moisture-activated dry granulation (MADG) process was studied in comparison with two conventional granulation methods, i.e., wet granulation and dry granulation with a roller compactor, as well as with a direct compression formulation method. The MADG method produced granules with excellent flowability which were equivalent in a number of ways to those produced by either conventional wet granulation or dry granulation methods and which were much better than the powder blend from the direct compression formulation. The tablets prepared using the MADG method had better content uniformity than those made using material from wet and dry granulation processes. Other tablet properties, such as weight variation, friability and dissolution, were similar among the tablets produced by the four processes
On the use of Darcy's law and invasion‐percolation approaches for modeling large‐scale geologic carbon sequestration (2015)

Abstract Most large‐scale flow and transport simulations for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) applications are carried out using simulators that solve flow equations arising from Darcy's law. Recently, the computational advantages of invasion‐percolation (IP) modeling approaches have been presented. We show that both the Darcy's‐law‐ and the gravity‐capillary balance solved by IP approaches can be derived from the same multiphase continuum momentum equation. More specifically, Darcy's law arises from assuming creeping flow with no viscous momentum transfer to stationary solid grains, while it is assumed in the IP approach that gravity and capillarity are the dominant driving forces in a quasi‐static two‐phase (or more) system. There is a long history of use of Darcy's law for large‐scale GCS simulation. However, simulations based on Darcy's law commonly include significant numerical dispersion as users employ large grid blocks to keep run times practical. In contrast, the computational simplicity of IP approaches allows large‐scale models to honor fine‐scale hydrostratigraphic details of the storage formation which makes these IP models suitable for analyzing the impact of small‐scale heterogeneities on flow. However, the lack of time‐dependence in the IP models is a significant disadvantage, while the ability of Darcy's law to simulate a range of flows from single‐phase‐ and pressure‐gradient‐driven flows to buoyant multiphase gravity‐capillary flow is a significant advantage. We believe on balance that Darcy's law simulations should be the preferred approach to large‐scale GCS simulations. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
What's Going On in Neural Constituency Parsers? An Analysis (2018)

A number of differences have emerged between modern and classic approaches to constituency parsing in recent years, with structural components like grammars and feature-rich lexicons becoming less central while recurrent neural network representations rise in popularity. The goal of this work is to analyze the extent to which information provided directly by the model structure in classical systems is still being captured by neural methods. To this end, we propose a high-performance neural model (92.08 F1 on PTB) that is representative of recent work and perform a series of investigative experiments. We find that our model implicitly learns to encode much of the same information that was explicitly provided by grammars and lexicons in the past, indicating that this scaffolding can largely be subsumed by powerful general-purpose neural machinery.
A channel coded CP-OFDM interpretation of TZ-OFDM systems (2002)

Trailing zero (TZ) OFDM systems replace the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM systems by a sequence of zeros. However, this paper shows that a cyclic prefix is still present in TZ-OFDM systems. Indeed, it is shown that a TZ-OFDM system implicitly works by first adding redundancy to the symbols to be transmitted (channel coding) and then adding a cyclic prefix. This paper also proves that the channel coding introduced by the TZ-OFDM system is spectrally balanced, meaning that it maps white noise to (essentially) white noise. This is a desirable property because it is known that any coding scheme which achieves the channel capacity over an unknown multipath channel must be white-like. By introducing the Cramer-Rao bound as a figure of merit, it is shown that there exist channels over which a TZ-OFDM system performs worse than an uncoded OFDM system. The Cramer-Rao bound is also used to explain why using a cyclic prefix is desirable; it allows channels with otherwise unstable inverses to be inverted accurately.
The thermal conductivity method of gas analysis. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe thermal conductivity method of gas analysis.Clarke C. Minter Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1946, 23, 5, 237Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1946Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1946Published inissue 1 May 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/ed023p237RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Transactivation-defective c-MycS retains the ability to regulate proliferation and apoptosis (1998)

Transcriptional activation by c-Myc through specific E box elements is thought to be essential for its biological role. However, c-MycS is unable to activate transcription through these elements and yet retains the ability to stimulate proliferation, induce anchorage-independent growth, and induce apoptosis. In addition, c-MycS retains the ability to repress transcription of several specific promoters. Furthermore, c-MycS can rescue the c-myc null phenotype in fibroblasts with homozygous deletion of c-myc. Taken together, our data argue against the paradigm that all of the biological functions of c-Myc are mediated by transcriptional activation of specific target genes through E box elements.
Sphingolipids as Targets for Microbial Infections (2006)

Sphingolipids had long been regarded as merely structural components of eukaryotic cellular membranes. Research has discovered sphingolipids to have crucial roles in cellular processes as bioactive molecules. Lately, there has also been an increased interest in sphingolipids and sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes as mediators of microbial pathogenicity and as potential targets for the development of new therapeutics. This minireview will provide a comprehensive analysis of sphingolipid pathways in mammalian and microbial cells, highlighting their uniqueness and discussing their potential as therapeutic targets for microbial infections.
Acetabular Dysplasia in the Adolescent and Young Adult (1990)

Hip dysplasia is a major cause of osteoarthrosis in adults. Early aggressive osteotomy has the potential of preventing the development of arthritis, but carries with it significant risks. The problem is further complicated because the surgeon has no means of quantifying the dysplastic deformity or of predicting what a particular combination of osteotomies would do to correct the deformity. This study describes methods of quantifying hip-joint geometry in three dimensions based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance studies, and of simulating pelvic osteotomy to correct the deformities. The study analyzes 49 normal hip joints and 20 dysplastic hip joints. The results show that the normal acetabulum is nearly a full hemisphere, which is anteverted 20 degrees and abducted 53 degrees. The normal lateral center-edge angle is 37 degrees. The dysplastic acetabulum is not anterolaterally maldirected, as has been assumed, but is globally dysplastic. Analysis of the individual dysplastic hip joints showed a wide variability. Some patients were deficient globally, some anterolaterally, and some posterolaterally. Methods of analyzing a patient's hip joint, quantifying abnormalities, simulating surgery, and predicting results are demonstrated in a case example.
Mining Temporal Profiles of Mobile Applications for Usage Prediction (2012)

Due to the proliferation of mobile applications (abbreviated as Apps) on smart phones, users can install many Apps to facilitate their life. Usually, users browse their Apps by swiping touch screen on smart phones, and are likely to spend much time on browsing Apps. In this paper, we design an AppNow widget that is able to predict users' Apps usage. Therefore, users could simply execute Apps from the widget. The main theme of this paper is to construct the temporal profiles which identify the relation between Apps and their usage times. In light of the temporal profiles of Apps, the AppNow widget predicts a list of Apps which are most likely to be used at the current time. AppNow consists of three components, the usage logger, the temporal profile constructor and the Apps predictor. First, the usage logger records every App start time. Then, the temporal profiles are built by applying Discrete Fourier Transform and exploring usage periods and specific times. Finally, the system calculates the usage probability at current time for each App and shows a list of Apps with highest probability. In our experiments, we collected real usage traces to show that the accuracy of AppNow could reach 86% for identifying temporal profiles and 90% for predicting App usage.
Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (2003)

Adiponectin is suggested to be an important mediator of insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in 22 healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) to type 2 diabetic patients and 13 matched control subjects. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken before and after a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. FDR subjects were insulin resistant, as indicated by a reduced M value (4.44 vs. 6.09 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). Adiponectin mRNA expression was 45% lower in adipose tissue from FDR compared with controls (P < 0.01), whereas serum adiponectin was similar in the two groups (6.4 vs. 6.6 microg/ml, not significant). Insulin infusion reduced circulating levels of adiponectin moderately (11-13%) but significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). In the control group, adiponectin mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). In contrast, these associations were not found in the FDR group. In conclusion, FDR have reduced adiponectin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue but normal levels of circulating adiponectin. Adiponectin mRNA levels are positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in FDR. These findings indicate dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in FDR.
Securing the IaaS Service Model of Cloud Computing Against Compromised Components (2011)

Cloud Computing is a new computing model, and its security aspects require special considerations. New characteristics of the cloud model have introduced new security challenges, and made some of the existing security techniques incompatible. Moreover, existing cloud environments are closed, operated by commercial providers, and their security mechanisms are proprietary as well as confidential. In other words, there is not much chance of observing how a real cloud environment is working, and how their providers adapt security measures to the new model.Therefore, we have chosen an open source cloud platform to build our own cloud environment. The OpenStack cloud software met our requirements, but it was not mature enough. We have done a deep analysis of this platform, identified potential attack targets in it, and discuss impacts of a successful attack.In order to secure our environment, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) incident handling guideline has been applied to the cloud model, and corresponding actions for each phase has been performed. To complete our study, we have proposed a set of cloud specific approaches that fulfill the incident handling requirements. These approaches address challenges identified in the guideline adaptation process. Additionally, we have studied the feasibility and compatibility of each approach against our deployed environment.Additionally, we also have submitted a paper to IEEE CloudCom 2011 conference, based on my thesis. A draft version of the paper is included in Appendix A.
Optimizing Google's warehouse scale computers: The NUMA experience (2013)

Due to the complexity and the massive scale of modern warehouse scale computers (WSCs), it is challenging to quantify the performance impact of individual microarchitectural properties and the potential optimization benefits in the production environment. As a result of these challenges, there is currently a lack of understanding of the microarchitecture-workload interaction, leaving potentially significant performance on the table. This paper argues for a two-phase performance analysis methodology for optimizing WSCs that combines both an in-production investigation and an experimental load-testing study. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this two-phase approach, and to illustrate the challenges, methodologies and opportunities in optimizing modern WSCs, this paper investigates the impact of non-uniform memory access (NUMA) for several Google's key web-service workloads in large-scale production WSCs. Leveraging a newly-designed metric and continuous large-scale profiling in live datacenters, our production analysis demonstrates that NUMA has a significant impact (10-20%) on two important web-services: Gmail backend and web-search frontend. Our carefully designed load-test further reveals surprising tradeoffs between optimizing for NUMA performance and reducing cache contention.
An object-oriented requirements specifications method (1989)

Analyzing requirements for object-oriented software is examined in an alternative methodology from the more standard structured analysis approach. Through parallel processes of decomposing objects and allocating functions, the methodology is explained in detail.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis by isolation of both trophoblasts and fetal nucleated red blood cells from the peripheral blood of pregnant women (1996)

Fetal cells can be isolated from maternal blood at around 10 weeks of pregnancy.
A Half Cycle Bus Differential Relay and its Application (1974)

The principles of a new high speed bus differential relay which operates for an internal fault condition within 1 to 2 ms and initiates tripping of circuit breakers in about 7 ms is described. The relay is self-powered and requires no auxiliary voltage other than that needed for the output tripping and alarm functions. It is shown to be insensitive to remanence and saturation of current transformers and to systems fault levels and X/R ratios.
Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems with Memory Hierarchies (1967)

Data transfers in computing systems with memory hierarchies usually prolong computing time and, consequently, cause degradation of system performance. A method to determine data processing rates and the relative utilization of memories for various system configurations under a variety of program loads is presented. According to this method, a program-independent ultimate data processing rate is derived from characteristics of the processor and the fastest random access memory of the system, and degradation factors are determined by combining statistics of the data flow of actual programs and hardware parameters of the processor and all memories. The statistics of data flow in the memory hierarchy are obtained by analyzing a number of recorded address traces of executed programs. The method presented permits quick evaluation of system performance for arbitrary time periods and for maximum and minimum concurrence of operation of processors and memories.
Effect of phorbol ester on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in PYS teratocarcinoma-derived cells and counteraction with retinoic acid. (1988)

Treatment of PYS cells with the tumor promoter (TPA) has been previously shown to enhance calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PK.C) in the membranes and to decrease its activity in the cytosol. Evidence is presented that 0.1 microM TPA treatment of PYS cells causes an opposite effect on the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (PK.A). Within 10 min TPA led to an increase in PK.A in the cytosol and a concomitant decrease in the membranes, as measured by both the kemptide phosphorylation activity and photoaffinity labeling of RI and RH regulatory subunits of PK.A, with 8-azido-cyclic [32P]AMP. Moreover, the antitumor promoter retinoic acid (RA, 0.1 microM), when added simultaneously with TPA to the PYS cells, completely abolished the TPA effects on PK.A. When RA was added 25 min before TPA, the counteraction was not observed, indicating that RA was counteracting the TPA effect directly. These results suggest that TPA induces a rapid change in the compartmentalization of PK.A between the membrane and the soluble fraction. This possible translocation of PK.A seems to be blocked by RA, suggesting that the early antagonistic effects of RA toward TPA-mediated events occur at the plasma membranes.
<i>Clostridium difficile:</i> progress and challenges (2010)

There is a surge of new interest in C. difficile infection (CDI) reflecting substantial increases in cases and fatalities. The new challenges by this now old pathogen have brought renewed interest in all facets of the disease. Particularly important are the role of fluoroquinolones as inducing agents, the new polymerase chain reaction test to detect toxigenic strains in stools, the important role of the NAP-1 strain, recent evidence favoring oral vancomycin over metronidazole in seriously ill patients, and new guidelines for management.
Distributed call admission control in mobile/wireless networks (1996)

The major focus of this paper is distributed call admission control in mobile/wireless networks, the purpose of which is to limit the call handoff dropping probability in loss systems or the cell overload probability in lossless systems. Handoff dropping or cell overload are consequences of congestion in wireless networks. Our call admission control algorithm takes into consideration the number of calls in adjacent cells, in addition to the number of calls in the cell where a new call request is made, in order to make a call admission decision. This is done by every base station in a distributed manner without the involvement of the network call processor. The admission condition is simple enough that the admission decision can be made in real time. Furthermore, we show that our distributed call admission control scheme limits the handoff dropping or the cell overload probability to a predefined level almost independent of load conditions. This is an important requirement of future wireless/mobile networks with quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning.
Battery modeling for energy-aware system design (2003)

Advances in battery technology have not kept pace with rapidly growing energy demands. Most laptops, handheld PCs, and cell phones use batteries that take anywhere from 1.5 to 4 hours to fully charge but can run on this charge for only a few hours. The battery has thus become a key control parameter in the energy management of portables. To meet the stringent power budget of these devices, researchers have explored various architectural, hardware, software, and system-level optimizations to minimize the energy consumed per useful computation. Research in battery-aware optimization is now moving from stand-alone devices to networks of wireless devices, specifically, ad hoc and distributed sensor networks. Computationally feasible mathematical models are now available that capture battery discharge characteristics in sufficient detail to let designers develop an optimization strategy that extracts maximum charge.
ATPase and Multidrug Transport Activities of the Overexpressed Yeast ABC Protein Yor1p (1998)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome encodes 15 full-size ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC), of which PDR5, SNQ2, and YOR1 are known to be regulated by the transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p (pleiotropic drug resistance). We have identified two new ABC transporter-encoding genes, PDR10 and PDR15, which were up-regulated by the PDR1-3 mutation. These genes, as well as four other ABC transporter-encoding genes, were deleted in order to study the properties of Yor1p. The PDR1-3 gain-of-function mutant was then used to overproduce Yor1p up to 10% of the total plasma membrane proteins. Overexpressed Yor1p was photolabeled by [gamma-32P]2', 3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azido-ATP (K0.5 = 45 microM) and inhibited by ATP (KD = 0.3 mM) in plasma membranes. Solubilization and partial purification on sucrose gradient allowed to detect significant Yor1p ATP hydrolysis activity (approximately 100 nmol of Pi.min-1.mg-1). This activity was phospholipid-dependent and sensitive to low concentrations of vanadate (I50 = 0.3 microM) and oligomycin (I50 = 8.5 microg/ml). In vivo, we observed a correlation between the amount of Yor1p in the plasma membrane and the level of resistance to oligomycin. We also demonstrated that Yor1p drives an energy-dependent, proton uncoupler-insensitive, cellular extrusion of rhodamine B. Furthermore, cells lacking both Yor1p and Pdr5p (but not Snq2p) showed increased accumulation of the fluorescent derivative of 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(NBD)aminocaproyl]phosphatidylethanolamine. Despite their different topologies, both Yor1p and Pdr5p mediated the ATP-dependent translocation of similar drugs and phospholipids across the yeast cell membrane. Both ABC transporters exhibit ATP hydrolysis in vitro, but Pdr5p ATPase activity is about 15 times higher than that of Yor1p, which may indicate mechanistic or regulatory differences between the two enzymes.