gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New physical layer encryption algorithm based on DFT-S-OFDM system (2013)

Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(DFT-S-OFDM) is widely applied to the next generation wireless communication, because of its good performance in band utilization, high ability to resist multipath interference, low peak to average power ratio and low emitted energy. Traditional data security methods can not effectively protect the air interface and implement complex. This paper proposed a new physical layer encryption algorithm. The algorithm utilized the initial value of chaotic sequence as seed key, under its control produced two complex diagonal key matrices, multiplied by the two matrices respectively before and after the N-point DFT transform, through this method we implement the data encryption. The algorithm is easy to implement, does not change the PAPR of original system and bit error rate of the system, can resist brute-force attack and plaintext cipher-text attack.
Data communication platform in distributed operations system based on TMN (2002)

Describes the data communication platform (DC platform) in a distributed operations system based on TMN (telecommunications management network). Our operations system has a load-share/function-share structure, and is composed of a large number of application servers and communication servers using commercially available workstations interconnected through a duplicated high-speed LAN for high reliability, availability, serviceability, and expandable. Because of the large scale of the supervised networks, one feature of our operations system (OpS) is the use of a discriminator managed object (MO) for each association implemented in the network element (NE) so as to reduce the number of less important event-reports from one NE. However, the OpS has several manager applications (AP), and if they establish associations to the same NE one by one, it overloads the discriminating process. Thus, we devised a scheme for the sharing of an association by several manager APs. This scheme raises three issues: assigning invoke IDs, delivering notifications, and managing associations. The first issue is the system for composing invoke IDs that makes it possible to assign IDs that are unique system-wide. The second issue is a filtering system that can deliver an event-report from an NE to correct manager AP. The third issue is the management of associations; we propose that the state of association to be expressed by standard state attributes. Moreover, to unify the interface with the NE, we propose that the association interface be an MO.
Corticosteroids in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2001)

Corticosteroids were the mainstay of therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) for more than four decades, but their efficacy is unproven and toxicities are substantial. The course of IPF is characterized by progressive respiratory insufficiency, leading to death within 3 to 8 years from the onset of symptoms. Although a subset (10-20%) of patients survives more than 10 years, there is no evidence that any form of therapy alters the natural history of the disease. Nonetheless, given the poor prognosis, a trial of corticosteroids is often given. Because of the rarity of IPF, randomized, placebo-controlled therapeutic trials have not been done. Further, no studies have compared differing dosages or duration of corticosteroid in matched patients. Interpretation of therapy efficacy is obscured by several factors including heterogeneous patient populations, inclusion of patients with histologic entities other than usual interstitial pneumonia, lack of objective, validated endpoints, different criteria for "response." We review published data regarding corticosteroid therapy for IPF and present a rationale for stratifying therapy based on host, demographic, and clinical factors that influence prognosis as well as risk for corticosteroid complications.
Insertional gene synthesis, a novel method of assembling consecutive DNA sequences within specific sites in plasmids. Construction of the HIV-1<i>tat</i>gene (1990)

The construction of the HIV-1 tat gene using a novel method termed insertional gene synthesis (IGS) is described. IGS is used to assemble a gene or any DNA sequence in a stepwise manner within a plasmid containing a single stranded DNA phage origin of replication. The IGS method is based upon consecutive targeted insertions of long DNA oligonucleotides (greater than 100 bases) within the plasmid by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. IGS therefore involves synthesis of only a few oligonucleotides corresponding to one strand of a gene. Furthermore, the gene is synthesized directly adjacent to bacterial gene regulatory sequences for direct expression. Using this approach, the 261 bp tat gene was assembled in three successive cycles adjacent to the lac promoter in the pEMBL-derivative, pKH125. The 15 kD tat protein was produced from this synthetic gene in E. coli upon IPTG induction. However, it was necessary to tightly control the expression of tat by including the lac I gene directly within the tat expression vector.
Four-Dimensional Migratory Coordinates of GABAergic Interneurons in the Developing Mouse Cortex (2003)

We have used time-lapse multiphoton microscopy to map the migration and settling pattern of GABAergic interneurons that originate in the ganglionic eminence of the ventral forebrain and incorporate into the neocortex of the cerebral hemispheres. Imaging of the surface of the cerebral hemispheres in both explant cultures and brains of living mouse embryos revealed that GABAergic interneurons migrating within the marginal zone originate from three different sources and migrate via distinct and independent streams. After reaching their areal destination, interneurons descend into the underlying cortex to assume positions with isochronically generated, radially derived neurons. The dynamics and pattern of cell migration in the marginal zone (see movies, available at www.jneurosci.org) suggest that the three populations of interneurons respond selectively to distinct local cues for directing their migration to the appropriate areas and layers of the neocortex. This approach opens a new avenue for study of normal and abnormal neuronal migration in their native environment and indicate that interneurons have specific programs for their areal and laminar deployment.
On the Crawling of Animal Cells (1993)

Cells crawl in response to external stimuli by extending and remodeling peripheral elastic lamellae in the direction of locomotion. The remodeling requires vectorial assembly of actin subunits into linear polymers at the lamella's leading edge and the crosslinking of the filaments by bifunctional gelation proteins. The disassembly of the crosslinked filaments into short fragments or monomeric subunits away from the leading edge supplies components for the actin assembly reactions that drive protrusion. Cellular proteins that respond to lipid and ionic signals elicited by sensory cues escort actin through this cycle in which filaments are assembled, crosslinked, and disassembled. One class of myosin molecules may contribute to crawling by guiding sensory receptors to the cell surface, and another class may contribute by imposing contractile forces on actin networks in the lamellae.
High-speed, model-free adaptive control using parallel synchronous detection (2007)

A VLSI implementation of an adaptive controller performing gradient descent optimization of external performance metrics using parallel synchronous detection is presented. Real-time model-free gradient estimation is done by perturbation of the metrics' control parameters with narrow-band deterministic dithers resulting in fast adaptation and robust performance. A fully translinear design has been employed for the architecture, making the controller operation scalable within a very wide range of frequencies and control bandwidths, and, therefore customizable for a variety of systems and applications. Experimental results from a SiGe BiCMOS implementation areprovided demonstrating the broadband and high-speed performance of the controller.
Depressed collectors for high-power gyrotrons (1990)

An analytic and numerical study of the feasibility of depressed collectors for gyrotrons for accelerator applications is discussed, and a specific design for a 10-GHz 30-MW gyroklystron is realized. The conclusion of the study is that depressed collectors are feasible for gyrotrons of interest for accelerator applications (i.e. P<or=100 MW, 10 GHz<f<35 GHz) and that their use would reduce capital costs for the RF system for a typical large accelerator by roughly 40%. In addition, scaling studies indicate that depressed collectors are feasible for fusion-related gyrotron oscillators, such as the 1-MW, 280-GHz devices being developed for use on the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT).<<ETX>>
Synthesis of a tritium-labelled diether analog of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (1997)

The synthesis of 1-(1,2-O-diundecyl-sn-glycerylphosphoryl) 4,5-D-myo-inosityl bisphosphate and its tritiated analog are described. The convergent synthesis employed optically-pure inositol and glycerol derivatives. In the final step, hydrogenation of an alkenyl chain gave the saturated diether PIP2 and tritiation gave the high-specific activity, tritium-labelled analog. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Radiography in Stereotaxic Thrombosis of Intracranial Aneurysms and Catheter Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (1972)

An electronic radiographic technique which utilizes a television fluoroscopic system coupled with a disc recorder is described. Images from this system can be combined with live fluoroscopic images, allowing rapid and accurate catheterization of intracerebral arteries in embolization of cerebral artery arteriovenous malformations. This procedure can also be used in stereotaxic transcerebral thrombosis of intracranial aneurysms by injection with tissue adhesive. This system gives lower radiation dosage to patient and operator, decreases procedure time, and allows instantaneous retrieval of information.
Fast simulation of skeleton-driven deformable body characters (2011)

We propose a fast physically-based simulation system for skeleton-driven deformable body characters. Our system can generate realistic motions of self-propelled deformable body characters by considering the two-way interactions among the skeleton, the deformable body, and the environment in the dynamic simulation. It can also compute the passive jiggling behavior of a deformable body driven by a kinematic skeletal motion. We show that a well-coordinated combination of: (1) a reduced deformable body model with nonlinear finite elements, (2) a linear-time algorithm for skeleton dynamics, and (3) explicit integration can boost simulation speed to orders of magnitude faster than existing methods, while preserving modeling accuracy as much as possible. Parallel computation on the GPU has also been implemented to obtain an additional speedup for complicated characters. Detailed discussions of our engineering decisions for speed and accuracy of the simulation system are presented in the article. We tested our approach with a variety of skeleton-driven deformable body characters, and the tested characters were simulated in real time or near real time.
Impact of different dimethyl sulphoxide concentrations on cell recovery, viability and clonogenic potential of cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2012)

Reduction in DMSO concentration from 10% to 7·5% may have favourable impact on hematopoietic recovery after autologous transplantation. The findings require confirmation in a clinical setting.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Exotic Invasive Vine Pale Swallow-Wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) (2008)

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to influence the performance of nonnative invasive plants in their introduced range has received increasing attention. The dependence of the invasive nonnative vine pale swallow-wort on AMF was studied in three greenhouse experiments. The aims of the present work were to (1) determine AMF colonization levels of field-collected pale swallow-wort plants and several co-occurring native and nonnative plant species, (2) evaluate the growth response of pale swallow-wort to different components of the soil microbial community from an infested site, and (3) determine the growth response of pale swallow-wort when grown with a nonlocal AMF species. AMF root colonization was greater in pale swallow-wort (85, 98, and 50% arbuscules, hyphae, and vesicles, respectively) than in leek (72, 80, and 25%), a species that has been frequently used as a predictor of AMF density in soil. Root colonization of pale swallow-wort in the field was also greater than root colonization of common milkweed, a native herbaceous species often co-occurring in the same habitats, as well as two other herbaceous species, Canada goldenrod and blueweed. Survival of pale swallow-wort plants was significantly greater in soil collected underneath dense monospecific stands of pale swallow-wort in a Henderson Harbor, NY, field site than in sterilized soil. After 12 wk, plants grown in sterilized soil had a 33% survival rate, whereas all plants grown in the unamended soil, with an intact microbial community, were alive. Moreover, plants grown in the unamended soil were 130% taller, had 50% more leaves, and had 83% greater total biomass compared with plants grown in sterile soil. Plants grown in soil containing a Glomus intraradices isolate collected in Troy, AL, were 50% shorter and had 15% lower total biomass than plants grown in the unamended New York field soil. These pale swallow-wort seedlings also had a high mycorrhizal dependency of 93%. Plants grown in a sterilized soil that was reamended with an AMF-free microbial wash had significantly lower belowground and total biomass than plants grown in the unamended soil with the resident AMF community. There was a trend of decreasing height and biomass for plants grown in sterile soil relative to the unamended controls treatment. Plants grown in sterilized soil had significantly (28%) greater total biomass than plants reamended with the AMF-free microbial wash. These findings suggest that AMF occurring in invaded habitats have beneficial effects on pale swallow-wort survival and growth.Nomenclature: Common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.; leek, Allium ampeloprasum L.; blueweed, Echium vulgare L.; Canada goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L.; pale swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.
Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase and de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in cultured neurons in situ. (1993)

Fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and a number of other fungi, cause neuronal degeneration, liver and renal toxicity, cancer, and other injury to animals. Recent work with rat hepatocytes (Wang, E., Norred, W. P., Bacon, C. W., Riley, R. T., and Merrill, A. H., Jr. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14486-14490) found that fumonisins block sphingosine biosynthesis by inhibiting the conversion of sphinganine to dihydroceramides, which precedes introduction of the 4,5-trans-double bond of sphingosine. The current study utilized mouse cerebellar neurons in culture to evaluate how this affects the distribution of newly synthesized ceramides among different complex sphingolipids. Fumonisin B1 inhibited ceramide synthase in mouse brain microsomes with a competitive-like kinetic behavior with respect to both sphinganine and stearoyl-CoA. Fumonisin B1 inhibited sphingolipid biosynthesis in cultured cerebellar neurons in situ as reflected by accumulation of free sphinganine, a reduction in the mass of total sphingolipids, reductions in the incorporation of [14C]serine into glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, sphingomyelin, and gangliosides (GM1, GD3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b), and inhibition of the incorporation of [14C]galactose and [3H]sphinganine into complex sphingolipids. Dose-response studies revealed that the labeling of sphingomyelin (IC50 of 0.7 microM) was more sensitive to inhibition by fumonisin B1 than was glycolipid formation (IC50 of approximately 7 microM) in these cells. A similar effect was seen when beta-fluoroalanine was added to inhibit the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme of the pathway. The inhibition of complex sphingolipid synthesis was reversible, and nearly normal labeling profiles were obtained 48 h after removing the mycotoxin. These studies establish that fumonisin B1 inhibits de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis by neuronal cells and, moreover, that limiting ceramide synthesis differentially affects the formation of sphingomyelin versus glycosphingolipids.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in allergen‐induced nasal inflammation (2009)

Nasal VEGF secretion in response to allergen exposure may augment eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR.
The truck backer-upper: an example of self-learning in neural networks (1989)

Neural networks can be used to solve highly nonlinear control problems. A two-layer neural network containing 26 adaptive neural elements has learned to back up a computer-simulated trailer truck to a loading dock, even when initially jackknifed. It is not yet known how to design a controller to perform this steering task. Nevertheless, the neural net was able to learn of its own accord to do this, regardless of initial conditions. Experience gained with the truck backer-upper should be applicable to a wide variety of nonlinear control problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Relationship Between High-Order Aberration and Anterior Ocular Biometry During Accommodation in Young Healthy Adults (2017)

HOA components altered during step-controlled accommodative stimuli. Ciliary muscle first contracted during stepwise accommodation, which may directly contribute to the reduction of spherical aberration (SA). The lens morphology was then altered, and the change in anterior lens surface curvature was related to the variation of coma.
Energy metabolism and metabolite patterns of rats after application of dexfenfluramine. (1994)

Serotoninergic neuronal networks are important for food intake and body weight regulation. However, the mechanisms by which some metabolic pathways are influenced are rather unclear. Dexfenfluramine (DF), a serotonin releaser and re-uptake inhibitor, was used to investigate changes in food intake, body weight development, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and substrate oxidation rates for 12 days. Normal rats, receiving an energy-controlled mash diet and water ad libitum were intraperitoneally injected daily with either saline, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg DF/kg. Compared to controls, food intake, body weight development and energy expenditure were decreased in a dose-dependent manner, especially during the first six days. Lipid oxidation was increased while oxidation of carbohydrates was decreased. Pair-feeding experiments over three days revealed that this was a clear pharmacological effect and not simply a result of diminished food intake. At the end of these experiments, plasma glucose and liver and muscle glycogen were unchanged after DF, but isoleucine, leucine and lysine were significantly decreased in plasma and liver. Therefore, the plasma tryptophan/large neutral amino acids ratio was slightly increased. Protein oxidation was unchanged after DF. It is concluded that a prompt decline in energy expenditure with increased fat oxidation rates could mediate the body weight reducing effect of DF.
Tracheostomies (1994)

A tracheostomy is an artificial opening made into the trachea through the anterior wall below the crico-thyroid. Patency is ensured by the insertion of a curved tube of metal or plastic. Either permanent or temporary, this procedure ensures that a patent airway is maintained and allows removal of bronchial secretions.
Dynamic Behavior of Cyclic Hemiacetals of 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-indandione Derivatives (2008)

Abstract Dynamic interconversion between the two enantiomeric hemiacetal structures in acetonitrile was revealed from the variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra for the compounds obtained by the reaction of ninhydrin with phenol and p-nitrophenol.
Design of a high-temperature superconductor current lead for electric utility SMES (1995)

Current leads that rely on high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) to deliver power to devices operating at liquid helium temperature have the potential to reduce refrigeration requirements to levels significantly below achievable with conventional leads. The design of HTS current leads suitable for use in near-term superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is in progress. The SMES system has an 0.5 MWh energy capacity and a discharge power of 30 MW. Lead-design considerations include safety and reliability, electrical and thermal performance, structural integrity, manufacturability, and cost. Available details of the design, including materials, configuration, performance predictions, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Panel Bed Filters for Simultaneous Removal of Fly Ash and Sulfur Dioxide (1971)

Half-calcined dolomite, [CaCO2 + MgO], is a candidate solid for use in panel bed filters which can simultaneously remove fly ash and S02 from flue gas. Unpublished work by Coke, summarized here, showed that good reactivity is obtained at about 600°C, making the device usable in a boiler ahead of the economizer. We have confirmed Coke’s results. Further, we have demonstrated that the solid can be regenerated by reduction of calcium sulfate to calcium sulfide, followed by release of H2S from the sulfide by its reaction with steam and carbon dioxide. Three absorptions with intermediate regeneration showed no significant loss of reactivity or capacity. A flowsheet example is presented for the cyclic use of half-calcined dolomite in a process producing elemental sulfur for the market.
Disturbances in Glucose-Tolerance, Insulin-Release, and Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia upon Disruption of the Ca <sub>v</sub> 2.3 (α1E) Subunit of Voltage-Gated Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels (2002)

Multiple types of voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels (T, L, N, P, Q, R type) coordinate Ca(2+)-dependent processes in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Expressional and functional data have suggested a role for Ca(v)2.3 Ca(2+) channels in endocrine processes. To verify its role in vivo, Ca(v)2.3(-/-) mutant mice were generated, thus deficient in alpha 1E/R-type Ca(2+) channel. Intraperitoneal injection of D-glucose showed that glucose tolerance was markedly reduced, and insulin release into plasma was impaired in Ca(v)2.3-deficient mice. In isolated islets of Langerhans from these animals, no glucose-induced insulin release was detected. Further, in stressed Ca(v)2.3-deficient mice, the rate of glucose release into the blood was only 29% of that observed for wild-type animals. Thus, the deletion of Ca(v)2.3 causes deficits not only in insulin release but also in stress-induced hyperglycemia. The complex phenotype of Ca(v)2.3-deficient mice has dual components related to endocrine and neurological defects. The present findings provide direct evidence of a functional role for the Ca(v)2.3 subunit in hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis.