gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pacing in heart failure: patient and pacing mode selection (2003)

Pharmacological therapy in the management of heart failure has been proven and is well established. In the last decade ACE inhibitors,1,2 beta-blockers,3,4 spironolactone5 and digoxin6 have contributed to a reduction in mortality of nearly 50%, a reduced frequency of hospital admissions and improvement in quality of life.7–9 However, congestive heart failure still endures a high overall annual mortality of about 10%, with a 50% incidence of sudden death. Furthermore, many patients remain symptomatic and have a poor functional status (classified as NHYA III and IV) despite optimal medical therapy. It is in such patients in whom cardiac haemodynamics may be improved through appropriate pacing modalities with reasonable expectation of a better functional status.

Conventional dual-chamber and bi-ventricular pacing have shown promise in the management of heart failure. In this article we will present the evidence in support of both modalities, but, moreover, emphasize the importance of appropriate patient and pacing mode selection when such therapies are being considered. We will also outline directions for further development in an undoubtedly effective but fledgling approach to heart failure management. As our main emphasis is on patient and pacing mode selection, we have not detailed the use of implantable defibrillators nor the technical aspects of implantation.

The journal articles referenced in this article were largely located and cross referenced through the Medline database. Keywords on searching for data included heart failure, biventricular, multi-site, and dual chamber pacing, resynchronization therapy and AV-delay. All landmark clinical trials as well as early non-randomized, non-controlled pilot investigations have been included in this review.

In the late 1980s Hochleitner et al. experimented using dual-chamber pacing in patients with drug-resistant end-stage heart failure.10 Permanent dual-chamber systems were implanted in 16 critically ill patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and angiography confirming absence of coronary …
Novel multiple beam microstrip patch array with integrated beamformer (1989)

A novel multiple beam microstrip antenna is described in which the bcamforming network and array are combined into a planar module. Results for a small 5-beam array are given that illustrate the action and indicate typical performance. The beamformer's low profile and low loss potential are attractive features applicable to modern communication terminals.
Identification of Hammerstein-Wiener system with application to compensation for nonlinear distortion (2003)

The paper is concerned with identification algorithms of Wiener-Hammerstein nonlinear model in frequency domain. By approximately modeling the nonlinearity in the model by polynomial or spline functions, an iterative identification algorithm is proposed to obtain two linear dynamical elements as well as the nonlinear static element. A new efficient predistortion scheme for compensating nonlinear distortion of a high power amplifier is given based on the proposed nonlinear identification method.
A broadband wireless access system at 28 GHz (2002)

This paper describes a broadband local access system at 28 GHz. In the United States these systems are generally referred to as Local Multipoint Distribution Service or LMDS. The FCC bandplan is discussed and a proposed utilization of the spectrum is presented. The architecture for an LMDS system is described along with link budgets and capacity estimates.
Why Don't Assistant Principals Get the Principalship? (1973)

The answer to the title question is complex, yet logically and forthrightly presented here. The authors' ideas are soundly backed up by their research findings.
The Influence of Processing and the Polymorphism of Lignocellulosic Fillers on the Structure and Properties of Composite Materials—A Review (2013)

Cellulose is the most important and the most abundant plant natural polymer. It shows a number of interesting properties including those making it attractive as a filler of composite materials with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. Production of such composite materials, meeting the standards of green technology, has increased from 0.36 million tons in 2007 to 2.33 million tons in 2012. It is predicted that by 2020 their production will reach 3.45 million tons. Production of biocomposites with lignocellulosic components poses many problems that should be addressed. This paper is a review of the lignocellulosic materials currently used as polymer fillers. First, the many factors determining the macroscopic properties of such composites are described, with particular attention paid to the poor interphase adhesion between the polymer matrix and a lignocellulosic filler and to the effects of cellulose occurrence in polymorphic varieties. The phenomenon of cellulose polymorphism is very important from the point of view of controlling the nucleation abilities of the lignocellulosic filler and hence the mechanical properties of composites. Macroscopic properties of green composites depend also on the parameters of processing which determine the magnitude and range of shearing forces. The influence of shearing forces appearing upon processing the supermolecular structure of the polymer matrix is also discussed. An important problem from the viewpoint of ecology is the possibility of composite recycling which should be taken into account at the design stage. The methods for recycling of the composites made of thermoplastic polymers filled with renewable lignocellulosic materials are presented and discussed. This paper is a review prepared on the basis of currently available literature which describes the many aspects of the problems related to the possibility of using lignocellulosic components for production of composites with polymers.
A human lectin, galectin-3 ( <i>epsilon</i> bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. (1995)

Abstract A family of soluble animal lectins, galectins, with beta-galactoside-binding activity, is gaining increased attention. One member of this family, galectin-3, has been previously designated by this group as epsilon bp, for its IgE-binding activity. On the basis of the saccharide specificity and other biochemical characteristics of epsilon bp, it is possible that this lectin could have an important extracellular modulatory role, functioning through recognition of critical cell surface glycoproteins on many cell types. We present evidence here that recombinant human epsilon bp activates human neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by superoxide production. The observed activity is dependent on the lectin property of epsilon bp intrinsic to its carboxyl-terminal domain, as it could be inhibited effectively by lactose, a known saccharide ligand of epsilon bp. However, the amino-terminal domain is also necessary for the observed activity, as epsilon bp-C (the carboxyl-terminal domain fragment) is devoid of neutrophil-activating activity, even though it retains the carbohydrate-binding property. Affinity purification of lysates from cell surface-radio-iodinated neutrophils revealed two major protein bands of M(r) 115,000 and M(r) 180,000 that are recognized by epsilon bp and preliminary data suggested that one of these proteins is NCA-160, a human carcinoembryonic Ag-related glycoprotein. This study thus lends further support to our view of an extracellular function for epsilon bp and suggests that this protein has an important role in inflammation and host defense through modulating the function of neutrophils.
Kinetic Properties of the Isoenzymes of Human Creatine Phosphokinase (1974)

Studies of the three human creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes, MM, MB, and BB, show that important differences exist in substrate dependency of the reaction rates. A method was developed to study these properties in which the ATP formed in the reverse reaction was measured by means of firefly luciferase. With substrate conditions at which the isoenzymes showed substantial differences in activity the method could be used for the detection of changes in the isoenzyme pattern of the serum of patients with an acute myocardial infarction. The MB isoenzyme appearing in this condition could be detected quantitatively.
Dopamine receptors in the central thermoregulatory pathways of the rat. (1978)

1. Intrahypothalamic injection of either dopamine (10 microgram) or apomorphine (10 microgram) in a dose volume of 1 microliter. caused an almost immediate rise in tail skin temperature and a concomitant fall in core temperature in the conscious rat maintained at an ambient temperature of 17 +/- 1 degrees C. 2. The location of the dopamine-sensitive site was defined more accurately by reducing the dose volume to 0.5 microliter. and injecting dopamine at different points throughout the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic region. 3. The largest mean fall in core temperature (1.13 +/- 0.22 degrees C) was obtained after injection into the preoptic region. Injections with their perimeters more than 0.4 mm rostral or caudal to this site were ineffective. 4. Rats placed 0.65 m below a 250 W infra-red lamp responded to the imposed heat load by vasodilation of the tail skin blood vessels, indicated by an increased tail skin temperature. 5. Bilateral, but not unilateral, injection of either pimozide (0.5 microgram) or haloperidol (2.5 microgram) into the preoptic region significantly reduced the increase in tail skin temperature so that the rats were less able to withstand the imposed heat load. 6. Three serial sections (0.5 mm thick) were prepared from the preoptic anterior hypothalamic region of the rat brain, one anterior, one posterior and one corresponding to the dopamine-sensitive site. 7. Tissue from the middle slice increased its rate of synthesis of 3,5-cyclic AMP in response to addition of dopamine 20 or 100 micron to the incubation medium. The posterior slice was inactive, but the anterior slice had similar activity to the middle slice. 8. The effect of dopamine on the middle slice was specifically blocked by haloperidol (0.1 micron), whereas the effects on the anterior slice were partially blocked by both haloperidol (0.1 micron) and propranolol (0.1 micron). 9. These results indicate that there is within a well defined area of the preoptic region a population of dopamine receptors, which play a part in the transmission of information from warm sensors to heat loss effectors.
A 10 MHz to 100 GHz LTCC CPW-to-stripline vertical transition (2013)

A broadband 50Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-stripline transition is presented which is capable of operation up to 100 GHz. This vertical transition is fabricated in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), and it is appropriate for system in package (SiP) module packaging. It was designed for wafer probing an LTCC module containing an embedded stripline. This compact transition occupies only two layers of nominal 5 mil thick tape. Both simulated and measured s parameter results are shown for back-to-back transitions up to 110 GHz. Measured insertion loss for a single transition is less than 0.3 dB near 60 GHz and less than 1 dB up to 100 GHz.
Mechanism of Ligand Binding to E- and P-selectin Analyzed Using Selectin/Mannose-binding Protein Chimeras (1998)

The mechanism of oligosaccharide binding to the selectin cell adhesion molecules has been analyzed by transferring regions of the carbohydrate-recognition domains of E- and P-selectin into corresponding sites in the homologous rat serum mannose-binding protein. Insertion of two basic regions and an adjacent glutamic acid residue leads to efficient binding of HL-60 cells and sialyl-Lewisx-conjugated serum albumin. Substitution of glycine for a histidine residue known to stabilize mannose in the binding site of wild type mannose-binding protein results in dramatic loss of affinity for mannose without decreasing binding to sialyl-Lewisx. The accumulated effect of these changes is to alter the ligand binding selectivity of the domain so that it resembles E- or P-selectin more closely than it resembles the parental mannose-binding domain. Affinity labeling using sialyl-Lewisx in which the sialic acid has been mildly oxidized has been used to verify this switch in specificity and to show that the sialic acid-containing portion of the ligand interacts near the sequence Lys-Lys-Lys corresponding to residues 111-113 of E-selectin. The binding of sialyl-Lewisx-serum albumin is inhibited dramatically at physiological and higher salt concentrations, consistent with a significant electrostatic component to the binding interaction. The binding characteristics of these gain-of-function chimeras suggest that they contain many of the selectin residues responsible for selective ligand binding.
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Properties of 1- and 1,4-Silyl-Substituted Naphthalene Derivatives (2012)

Silyl-substituted naphthalene derivatives at the 1- and 1,4-positions were synthesized and their UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopic properties, and fluorescence lifetimes were determined. Analysis of the results shows that the introduction of silyl groups at these positions of the naphthalene chromophore/fluorophore causes shifts of the absorption maxima to longer wavelengths and increases in fluorescence intensities. Bathochromic shifts of the absorption maxima and increases in fluorescence intensities are also promoted by the introduction of methoxy and cyano groups at the naphthalene 4- and 5-positions. In addition, the fluorescence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene is efficiently quenched by these naphthalene derivatives with Stern-Volmer plot calculated rate constants that depend on the steric bulk of the silyl groups.
Westside dust plots: Slight encouragement in trials hindered by climatic conditions (1954)

One species of grass, among the 11 varieties of legumes and grasses– planted in December 1952–in test plots in the southern San Joaquin Valley, showed promise in December 1953.
Reviews (1988)

Reviews S. Smith , W. H. Auden . Pp. 170 (Rereading Literature). Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1986 . Hardbound £14.95; paperbound £4.95 IAN SMITH IAN SMITH Corpus Christi CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 35, Issue 1, March 1988, Pages 121–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/35-1-121 Published: 01 March 1988
The changing family in South Africa (1991)

Abstract The processes of industrialization and urbanization have affected every known society in general and family systems of widely separate and diverse societies in particular. Although it was postulated that these changes seem to be towards some type of conjugal family, past research has shown that family types other than the conjugal family have also evolved. The difference in family types developing amongst the different population groups in the RSA is discussed briefly and a more indepth analysis is made of the changes taking place in the White South African family.
Origins of the 1988 North American Drought (1988)

The 1988 summer drought in the United States was the most extensive in many years. Because the drought developed in different places at different times, not all regional effects can be traced to the same cause. Along the West Coast and in the northwestern United States drought conditions developed during 1987 in association with the 1986 to 1987 El Niño in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Record low rainfalls from April to June 1988 led to rapid development of drought in the North Central United States. Strong anticyclonic conditions and a northward displaced jet stream in the upper atmosphere over North America throughout this period were only part of pronounced and distinctive wavetrain of anomalies in the atmospheric circulation that appeared to emanate from the tropical Pacific. Below average sea surface temperatures along the equator in the Pacific in the northern spring of 1988, combined with warmer than normal water from 10 degrees to 20 degrees N, led to a northward displaced but still active intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) southeast of Hawaii. Results from a steady-state planetarywave atmospheric model indicate that the atmospheric heating anomalies associated with the displaced ITCZ can force an anomalous wavetrain across North America similar to that observed. Land surface processes probably contributed to the severity and persistence of the drought; however, the large-scale atmospheric circulation perturbations associated with natural variations in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system in the tropical Pacific were most likely the primary cause.
CanadianStrokeBestPracticeRecommendations: Hyperacute Stroke Care Guidelines, Update 2015 (2015)

The 2015 update of the CanadianStrokeBestPracticeRecommendationsHyperacute Stroke Care guideline highlights key elements involved in the initial assessment, stabilization, and treatment of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and acute venous sinus thrombosis. The most notable change in this 5th edition is the addition of new recommendations for the use of endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke and proximal intracranial arterial occlusion. This includes an overview of the infrastructure and resources required for stroke centers that will provide endovascular therapy as well as regional structures needed to ensure that all patients with acute ischemic stroke that are eligible for endovascular therapy will be able to access this newly approved therapy; recommendations for hyperacute brain and enhanced vascular imaging using computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion; patient selection criteria based on the five trials of endovascular therapy published in early 2015, and performance metric targets for important time-points involved in endovascular therapy, including computed tomography-to-groin puncture and computed tomography-to-reperfusion times. Other updates in this guideline include recommendations for improved time efficiencies for all aspects of hyperacute stroke care with a movement toward a new median target door-to-needle time of 30min, with the 90th percentile being 60min. A stronger emphasis is placed on increasing public awareness of stroke with the recent launch of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada FAST signs of stroke campaign; reinforcing the public need to seek immediate medical attention by calling 911; further engagement of paramedics in the prehospital phase with prehospital notification to the receiving emergency department, as well as the stroke team, including neuroradiology; updates to the triage and same-day assessment of patients with transient ischemic attack; updates to blood pressure recommendations for the hyperacute phase of care for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The goal of these recommendations and supporting materials is to improve efficiencies and minimize the absolute time lapse between stroke symptom onset and reperfusion therapy, which in turn leads to better outcomes and potentially shorter recovery times.
Unique DNA methylome profiles in CpG island methylator phenotype colon cancers (2011)

A subset of colorectal cancers was postulated to have the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), a higher propensity for CpG island DNA methylation. The validity of CIMP, its molecular basis, and its prognostic value remain highly controversial. Using MBD-isolated genome sequencing, we mapped and compared genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of normal, non-CIMP, and CIMP colon specimens. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that each specimen could be clearly classified as normal, non-CIMP, and CIMP, thus signifying that these three groups have distinctly different global methylation patterns. We discovered 3780 sites in various genomic contexts that were hypermethylated in both non-CIMP and CIMP colon cancers when compared with normal colon. An additional 2026 sites were found to be hypermethylated in CIMP tumors only; and importantly, 80% of these sites were located in CpG islands. These data demonstrate on a genome-wide level that the additional hypermethylation seen in CIMP tumors occurs almost exclusively at CpG islands and support definitively that these tumors were appropriately named. When these sites were examined more closely, we found that 25% were adjacent to sites that were also hypermethylated in non-CIMP tumors. Thus, CIMP is also characterized by more extensive methylation of sites that are already prone to be hypermethylated in colon cancer. These observations indicate that CIMP tumors have specific defects in controlling both DNA methylation seeding and spreading and serve as an important first step in delineating molecular mechanisms that control these processes.
Analysis of the stability and performance of exponential backoff (2004)

New analytic results are given for the stability and performance of the exponential backoff (EB) algorithm. Previous studies on the stability of the (binary) EB have produced contradictory results instead of a consensus: some proved instability, others showed stability under certain conditions. In these studies, simplified and/or modified models of the backoff algorithm were often used to make analysis more tractable. In this paper, care is taken to use a model for backoff that reflects the actual behavior of backoff algorithms. We show that EB is stable under a throughput definition of stability; the throughput of the network converges to a non-zero constant as the offered load N goes to infinity. We also obtain the analytical expressions for the saturation throughput and the medium access delay of a packet for a given number of nodes, N. The analysis considers the general case of EB with backoff factor r, where BEB is the special case with r = 2. The accuracy of the analysis is checked against simulation results.
HittER: Hierarchical Transformers for Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2021)

This paper examines the challenging problem of learning representations of entities and relations in a complex multi-relational knowledge graph. We propose HittER, a Hierarchical Transformer model to jointly learn Entityrelation composition and Relational contextualization based on a source entity's neighborhood. Our proposed model consists of two different Transformer blocks: the bottom block extracts features of each entity-relation pair in the local neighborhood of the source entity and the top block aggregates the relational information from outputs of the bottom block. We further design a masked entity prediction task to balance information from the relational context and the source entity itself. Experimental results show that HittER achieves new stateof-the-art results on multiple link prediction datasets. We additionally propose a simple approach to integrate HittER into BERT and demonstrate its effectiveness on two Freebase factoid question answering datasets.