gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion Based Reference-Free Quality Estimation for H.264/AVC Video Streaming (2007)

The scope of this paper is the estimation of subjective video quality for low resolution video sequences as they are typical for mobile video streaming. Although the video quality experienced by users depends on spatial (edges, colors, ...) and more considerably on temporal (movement speed, direction, ...) features of the video sequence, most of the proposed methods are based on spatial features. This paper presents a new reference free approach for quality estimation based on motion character. The character of motion is determined by the amount and direction of the motion between two scene changes. In this paper, the design of a universal reference-free video quality metric is presented. The design of the quality metric is based on content adaptive parameters, allowing for content dependent video quality estimation. The performance of the proposed universal metric was evaluated with various video content types and compressions settings. The results show that the proposed approach provides powerful means of estimating the video quality experienced by users for low resolution video streaming services
Determination of Fab−Hinge Disulfide Connectivity in Structural Isoforms of a Recombinant Human Immunoglobulin G2 Antibody (2009)

The detection and characterization of unexpected disulfide-mediated structural variants of human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies was recently the subject of two copublications. In this paper, we present data to confirm the previously reported structures and elucidate the complete disulfide connectivity of each variant through the application of a novel analytical methodology. In this manner, the data illustrate the presence of at least five structural variants, including the classical structure with independent Fab domains and a hinge region. Multiple subvariants of the IgG2-A/B and IgG2-B structures are identified; these subvariants of each structure differ through the order of attachment of Fab peptides to the sequential hinge cysteines. Furthermore, the connectivity of a novel subvariant of IgG2-B containing an intrachain disulfide linkage in the lower hinge region is elucidated. The results presented in this paper reveal that the population of IgG2 disulfide structural variants is yet more complex than recently reported.
Evaluation of tolerability with the co-formulation elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for post-HIV exposure prophylaxis (2016)

Stribild<sup>®</sup> seems to be a good option for HIV PEP due to the easiness of use, the side effects profile and the high completion rate.
Near infrared fluorescent optical imaging for nodal staging (2008)

Current techniques to assess lymph node metastases in cancer patients include lymphoscintigraphy after administration of a nonspecific radiocolloid in order to locate and resect lymph nodes for pathological examination of harbored cancer cells. Clinical trials involving intradermal or subcutaneous injection of antibody-based nuclear imaging agents have demonstrated the feasibility for target-specific, molecular imaging of cancer-positive lymph nodes. The basis for employing near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging for assessing disease is evidenced by recent work showing functional lymph imaging in mice, swine, and humans. We review antibody-based immunolymphoscintigraphy with an emphasis on the use of trastuzumab (or Herceptin) to target human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpressed in some breast cancers. Specifically, we review in vitro and preclinical imaging data from our laboratory that show how the dual-labeled agent ((111)In-DTPA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m) utilizes the high photon count provided by an NIR fluorescent dye, IRDye 800CW, and the radioactive signal from a gamma emitter, Indium-111, for possible detection of HER2 metastasis in lymph nodes. We show that the accumulation and clearance of ((111)In-DTPA)(n)-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)(m) from the axillary nodes of mice occurs 48 h after intradermal injection into the dorsal aspect of the foot. The requirement for long clearance times from normal, cancer-negative nodes presents challenges for nuclear imaging agents with limited half-lives but does not hamper NIR optical imaging.
Voltage‐ and time‐dependent properties of the recombinant rat vanilloid receptor (rVR1) (2000)

Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were used to investigate the capsaicin-, voltage- and time-dependent properties of the rat vanilloid receptor (rVR1) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. At a holding potential of -70 mV, application of capsaicin (0.03-30 microM) to HEK 293 cells expressing the rVR1 receptor led to the appearance of inward currents (EC50, 497 nM; Hill coefficient, nH, 2.85) which were reversibly antagonized by 10 microM capsazepine. Current-voltage relationships, determined using depolarizing or hyperpolarizing voltage ramps, had reversal potentials close to 0 mV, exhibited substantial outward rectification and possessed a region of negative slope conductance at holding potentials negative to around -70 mV. Further experiments indicated that the outward rectification and the region of negative slope conductance did not result from external block of the channel by either Ba2+, Ca2+ or Mg2+. During our characterization of rVR1, it became apparent that the rectification behaviour of this receptor was not entirely instantaneous as might be expected for a ligand-gated ion channel, but rather displayed clear time-dependent components. We characterized the kinetics of these novel gating properties in a series of additional voltage-step experiments. The time-dependent changes in rVR1-mediated conductance due to membrane depolarization or repolarization occurred with bi-exponential kinetics. On depolarization to +70 mV the time-dependent increase in outward current developed with mean time constants of 6.7 +/- 0.7 and 51.8 +/- 18.4 ms, with the faster time constant playing a dominant role (64.4 +/- 3.8 %). Similar kinetics also described the decay of 'tail currents' observed on repolarization. Furthermore, these time-dependent changes appeared to be unaffected by the removal of extracellular divalent cations and were not significantly voltage dependent. Our data reveal that rVR1 exhibits substantial time- and voltage-dependent gating properties that may have significance for the physiology of sensory transduction of nociceptive signals.
Network design for a fully automatic wide area radiotelephone service (1979)

The paper describes the design of a fully automatic wide-area radiotelephone system using a decentralized building block approach. The building blocks are implemented using firmware-based micro-processor techniques. Reliable high speed digital signalling is used over the radio path for call set up and control. The way in which calls are automatically routed to roaming mobiles without special subscriber dialled routing digits is explained. Other areas covered include numbering plan, usage sensitive billing and arrangements for interfacing manual switchboards for operator handled calls. Details of offered traffic measured on a pilot automatic system, operated in Vancouver for the last two years, are also included.
Benford’s Law Applies to Online Social Networks (2015)

Benford's Law states that, in naturally occurring systems, the frequency of numbers' first digits is not evenly distributed. Numbers beginning with a 1 occur roughly 30% of the time, and are six times more common than numbers beginning with a 9. We show that Benford's Law applies to social and behavioral features of users in online social networks. Using social data from five major social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, Pinterest, and LiveJournal), we show that the distribution of first significant digits of friend and follower counts for users in these systems follow Benford's Law. The same is true for the number of posts users make. We extend this to egocentric networks, showing that friend counts among the people in an individual's social network also follows the expected distribution. We discuss how this can be used to detect suspicious or fraudulent activity online and to validate datasets.
Phase-shifting profilometry combined with Gray-code patterns projection: unwrapping error removal by an adaptive median filter (2017)

Phase-shifting profilometry combined with Gray-code patterns projection has been widely used for 3D measurement. In this technique, a phase-shifting algorithm is used to calculate the wrapped phase, and a set of Gray-code binary patterns is used to determine the unwrapped phase. In the real measurement, the captured Gray-code patterns are no longer binary, resulting in phase unwrapping errors at a large number of erroneous pixels. Although this problem has been attended and well resolved by a few methods, it remains challenging when a measured object has step-heights and the captured patterns contain invalid pixels. To effectively remove unwrapping errors and simultaneously preserve step-heights, in this paper, an effective method using an adaptive median filter is proposed. Both simulations and experiments can demonstrate its effectiveness.
A prolactin-dependent immune cell line (Nb2) expresses a mutant form of prolactin receptor. (1991)

The Nb2 cell line is a pre-T rat lymphoma that is dependent on prolactin (PRL) for mitogenesis. Two forms of PRL receptor (PRL-R), which differ in the length of their cytoplasmic domains have been identified in different tissues and species. In the present study we have cloned the cDNA and characterized the mitogenic form of PRL-R in Nb2 cells. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of first strand cDNA prepared from Nb2-11C (PRL-dependent) and Nb2-Sp (PRL-independent) cell lines was performed using oligonucleotide primers specific for the binding domain, the short form of the PRL-R, and the cytoplasmic domain of the long form of the PRL-R. These studies indicate that both cell lines express a novel form of PRL-R. A cDNA was isolated from an Nb2-Sp cDNA library, which contains 1446 base pairs identical to the nucleotide sequence of the long form of the rat PRL-R. However, the cDNA sequence is missing 594 base pairs in the cytoplasmic domain compared with the long form of the PRL-R. The cDNA encodes a protein of 393 amino acids, lacking 198 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled ovine prolactin (oPRL) binding to microsomes prepared from transiently transfected COS-7 cells with either PRL-R long form cDNA or Nb2 PRL-R cDNA indicates that the long form of PRL-R binds oPRL with high affinity (K alpha = 8.8 x 10(9) M-1), while the Nb2 PRL-R showed a 3.3-fold increased affinity for PRL (K alpha = 29.1 x 10(9) M-1). In addition, immunoblot analysis of these microsomes using 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody (U6) to the PRL-R demonstrates a Mr of approximately 82,000 for the long form and approximately 62,000 for the Nb2 form of PRL-R. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA prepared from PRL-dependent and -independent cell lines suggests that this form of PRL-R results from a deletion in the PRL-R gene. The identification of a modified long form of PRL-R in the Nb2 cell line should help localize domains of the PRL-R involved in signal transduction and further the investigation of prolactin's role in immune cell proliferation.
Electronic dose conversion technique using a NaI(Tl) detector for assessment of exposure dose rate from environmental radiation (1998)

An electronic dose conversion technique to assess the exposure dose rate due to environmental radiation especially from terrestrial sources was developed. For a 2/spl times/2 inch cylindrical NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, pulse-height spectra were obtained for gamma-rays of energy up to 3 MeV by Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the simulation results and the experimentally fitted energy resolution, dose conversion factors were calculated by a numerical decomposition method. These calculated dose conversion factors were, then, electronically implemented to a developed dose conversion unit (DCU) which is a microprocessor-controlled single channel analyzer (SCA) with variable discrimination levels. The simulated spectra were confirmed by measurement of several monoenergetic gamma spectra with a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The converted exposure dose rates from the implemented dose conversion algorithm in the DCU were also evaluated for a field test in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant at Kori as well as for several standard sources, and the results were in good agreement with separate measurement by a high pressure ionization chamber (HPIC) within a 6.4% deviation.
Molecular Cloning of the Gene Encoding a Novel β-<i>N</i>-Acetylhexosaminidase from a Marine Bacterium,<i>Alteromonas</i>sp. Strain O-7, and Characterization of the Cloned Enzyme (2002)

We have reported that the chitinolytic system of Alteromonas sp. strain O-7 consists of chitinases (ChiA, ChiB, and ChiC), a chitinase-like enzyme (ChiD), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcasesA, GlcNAcaseB, and GlcNAcaseC), and a novel transglycosylative enzyme (Hex99). The gene encoding a beta-hexosaminidase with an unusual substrate specificity (hex86), located upstream of the hex99 gene, was cloned and sequenced. The gene encoded a protein of 761 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 86,758 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of Hex86 showed sequence similarity with beta-hexosaminidases belonging to family 20. The hex86 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme rapidly cleaved p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide and slowly cleaved p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide. Unexpectedly, the enzyme did not hydrolyzed chitin oligosaccharides under the assay conditions for synthetic glycosides. However, after prolonged incubation with excessive quantities of the enzyme, Hex86 hydrolyzed chitin oligosaccharides. These results indicate that Hex86 is a novel enzyme that prefers p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide to chitin oligosaccharides as a substrate.
Sequestration of Highly Expressed mRNAs in Cytoplasmic Granules, P-Bodies, and Stress Granules Enhances Cell Viability (2012)

Transcriptome analyses indicate that a core 10%-15% of the yeast genome is modulated by a variety of different stresses. However, not all the induced genes undergo translation, and null mutants of many induced genes do not show elevated sensitivity to the particular stress. Elucidation of the RNA lifecycle reveals accumulation of non-translating mRNAs in cytoplasmic granules, P-bodies, and stress granules for future regulation. P-bodies contain enzymes for mRNA degradation; under stress conditions mRNAs may be transferred to stress granules for storage and return to translation. Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is elevated by stress; and here we analyzed the steady state levels, decay, and subcellular localization of the mRNA of the gene encoding the F-box protein, UFO1, that is induced by stress. Using the MS2L mRNA reporter system UFO1 mRNA was observed in granules that colocalized with P-bodies and stress granules. These P-bodies stored diverse mRNAs. Granules of two mRNAs transported prior to translation, ASH1-MS2L and OXA1-MS2L, docked with P-bodies. HSP12 mRNA that gave rise to highly elevated protein levels was not observed in granules under these stress conditions. ecd3, pat1 double mutants that are defective in P-body formation were sensitive to mRNAs expressed ectopically from strong promoters. These highly expressed mRNAs showed elevated translation compared with wild-type cells, and the viability of the mutants was strongly reduced. ecd3, pat1 mutants also exhibited increased sensitivity to different stresses. Our interpretation is that sequestration of highly expressed mRNAs in P-bodies is essential for viability. Storage of mRNAs for future regulation may contribute to the discrepancy between the steady state levels of many stress-induced mRNAs and their proteins. Sorting of mRNAs for future translation or decay by individual cells could generate potentially different phenotypes in a genetically identical population and enhance its ability to withstand stress.
Low Invasion, Synthetic Oil-Base Mud Coring in the Yacheng 13-1 Gas Reservoir for Gas-in-Place Calculation (1995)

ABSTRACT The low invasion coring method was used to provide highly reliable connate water saturation in the Oligocene age, Lingshui III sandstone, Yacheng 13-1 reservoir, development Wells A1 and A2. Development well coring was implemented to resolve an uncertainty in the total gas-in-place. A synthetic oilbase mud was designed to simultaneously operate at the 350°F wellbore temperature, provide reliable core connate water saturation, insure high quality well logs and minimize formation damage. The polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base oil is biodegradable and is less damaging to the environment than diesel or mineral oil. Procedures for obtaining a low invasion core in a remote location are described. Careful planning and execution are necessary for successfully obtaining low invasion core. This is the first use of low invasion oilbase mud coring in China. Water saturations from cores are essential to accurately calculate the gas reserves. Possible gas-water contact variations cause uncertainty in connate water saturation from capillary pressure. Salinity variations in the reservoir complicate the calculation of connate water saturation from electrical logs. Accurate water saturation and salinity data from cores are needed to develop log models that can be applied in non-cored wells.
Advances in microwave hyperthermia of large superficial tumors (2005)

Applying heat and radiation simultaneously can significantly improve the outcome of treatments of large superficial tumors. Flexible PCB arrays of transreceiving elements made of a dual concentric conductor antenna combined with a spiral antenna allow for accurate conformal non-invasive control of uniform power deposition and temperature monitoring in large target regions. Integrated brachytherapy catheters deliver the uniform radiation dose, while an automatic conditioning system accurately controls temperature, thickness of the degas water bolus. This system should expand the number of patients that can benefit from effective thermoradiotherapy for superficial disease. We present the design and clinical implementation of such a system together with the challenges and future improvements.
The relationship between nurse staffing policies and nursing budgets (1984)

1Walton M. Hancock, Dr. of Eng., is Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering and Professor of Hospital Administration at the University of Michigan. His interest is in the use of systems technology to control hospital costs 2Paul A. Fuhs, Ph.D., is Assistant Director of the Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan. His responsibilities include management services, medical record admissions, data management, outpatient registration, planning and quality assurance
Compensation Indices of Radiation‐Induced Wheat‐<i>Agropyron elongatum</i> Translocations Conferring Resistance to Leaf Rust and Stem Rust (1994)

Species belonging to the genus Agropyron are an important source of disease resistance for bread wheat. Several resistance genes have been transferred. C‐banding and in situ hybridization are the methods of choice for analyzing introgressed alien chromatin. Using these methods, we characterized radiation‐induced wheat‐ Agropyron elongatum chromosome translocation lines carrying the rust resistance genes Sr26 and Sr25/Lr19 . Data show that Sr26 is located on the translocation chromosome T6AS. 6AL‐6Ae#1L. The Ag. elongatum segment in this translocation has a length of 2.48 μm. The Sr25/Lr19 genes in cultivar ‘Agatha’ are located on a 2.55 μm long Ag. elongatum segment present in the translocation chromosome T7DS. 7DL‐7Ae#1L. The wheat‐ Ag. elongatum translocation chromosome present in the ethyl methane‐sulfonate (EMS) treated derivative ‘Agatha‐28’ is similar to that present in Agatha. The Ag. elongatum segment present in the EMS treated derivative ‘Agatha‐235’ has a length of 1.99 pm and is inserted intercalary in the long arm of wheat chromosome 7D, resulting in the translocation chromosome T7DS‐7DL‐7Ae#1L‐7DL. A compensation (CI) index was calculated as the ratio of the length of the missing wheat segment as percent of the corresponding wheat arm divided by the length of the transferred alien segment as percent of the corresponding alien chromosome arm. The CIs in T6AS‐6AL‐6Ae#1L and T7DS‐7DL‐7Ae#1L are 1.15 and 0.95, respectively. These are close to the desirable value of I and indicate good compensation ability. The CI in T7DS. 7DL‐7Ae#1L‐7DL is 0.60 and indicates poor compensation ability. This index may allow the prediction of the performance of any compensating wheat‐alien chromosome translocation.
Electrical performance of interconnects in polyimide-copper thin-film multilayers on ceramic substrate (1996)

Thin-film multilayer substrate technology with dielectric layers made of polyimide resin requires openings on the ground plane for the outgassing of the resin. This paper describes a full electrical characterization of transmission lines in a multichip module based on thin-film multilayer on ceramic. Both time and frequency domain methods were used for the experimental characterization. Measured and modeled performances are compared for three kinds of ground opening geometries.
Targeting proteins to distinct subcellular compartments reveals unique requirements for MHC class I and II presentation (2009)

Peptides derived from exogenous proteins are presented by both MHC class I and II. Despite extensive study, the features of the endocytic pathway that mediate cross-presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC class I are not entirely understood and difficult to generalize to all proteins. Here, we used dendritic cells and macrophages to examine MHC class I and II presentation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) in different forms, soluble and liposome encapsulated. Soluble HEL or HEL targeted to a late endosomal compartment only allowed for MHC class II presentation, in a process that was blocked by chloroquine and a cathepsin S (CatS) inhibitor; brefeldin A (BFA) also blocked presentation, indicating a requirement for nascent MHC class II. In contrast, liposome-encapsulated HEL targeted to early endosomes entered the MHC class I and II presentation pathways. Cross-presentation of HEL in early endosomal liposomes had several unique features: it was markedly increased by BFA and by blockade of the proteasome or CatS activity, it occurred independently of the transporter associated with antigen processing but required an MHC class I surface-stabilizing peptide, and it was inhibited by chloroquine. Remarkably, chloroquine facilitated MHC class I cross-presentation of soluble HEL and HEL in late endosomal liposomes. Altogether, MHC class I and II presentation of HEL occurred through pathways having distinct molecular and proteolytic requirements. Moreover, MHC class I sampled antigenic peptides from various points along the endocytic route.
Characterization of crystals of the thermostable DNA polymerase I from <i>thermus aquaticus</i> (1995)

Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I is an enzyme that is of both physiological and technological interest. It carries out template-directed polymerization of DNA at elevated temperatures and is widely used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We have obtained crystals of the enzyme that diffracts X-rays to at least 3.0 A resolution in a cubic space group. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of the native enzyme along with those of relevant complexes will greatly enhance our knowledge of molecular events involved in DNA replication, will permit improvements in PCR, and will add to our knowledge of the structural bases of thermostability in proteins.