gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction: A Novel Method for Measuring the Diffusion, Partition and Convective Mass Transfer Coefficients of Formaldehyde and VOC in Building Materials (2013)

The diffusion coefficient (D m ) and material/air partition coefficient (K) are two key parameters characterizing the formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) sorption behavior in building materials. By virtue of the sorption process in airtight chamber, this paper proposes a novel method to measure the two key parameters, as well as the convective mass transfer coefficient (h m ). Compared to traditional methods, it has the following merits: (1) the K, D m and h m can be simultaneously obtained, thus is convenient to use; (2) it is time-saving, just one sorption process in airtight chamber is required; (3) the determination of h m is based on the formaldehyde and VOC concentration data in the test chamber rather than the generally used empirical correlations obtained from the heat and mass transfer analogy, thus is more accurate and can be regarded as a significant improvement. The present method is applied to measure the three parameters by treating the experimental data in the literature, and good results are obtained, which validates the effectiveness of the method. Our new method also provides a potential pathway for measuring h m of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) by using that of VOC.
Real-Time Optimization under Uncertainty Applied to a Gas Lifted Well Network (2016)

In this work, we consider the problem of daily production optimization in the upstream oil and gas domain. The objective is to find the optimal decision variables that utilize the production systems efficiently and maximize the revenue. Typically, mathematical models are used to find the optimal operation in such processes. However, such prediction models are subject to uncertainty that has been often overlooked, and the optimal solution based on nominal models can thus render the solution useless and may lead to infeasibility when implemented. To ensure robust feasibility, worst case optimization may be employed; however, the solution may be rather conservative. Alternatively, we propose the use of scenario-based optimization to reduce the conservativeness. The results of the nominal, worst case and scenario-based optimization are compared and discussed.
Seismic Code Improvements Based on Recorded Motions of Buildings During Earthquake (1998)

Summarized in this paper are the results of two recent investigations utilizing recorded motions of buildings to develop improvements in two aspects of seismic code provisions for buildings: (1) fundamental vibration period formulas, and (2) accidental torsion.
Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin (2019)

A longstanding question is how influenza virus evolves to escape human immunity, which is polyclonal and can target many distinct epitopes. Here, we map how all amino-acid mutations to influenza's major surface protein affect viral neutralization by polyclonal human sera. The serum of some individuals is so focused that it selects single mutations that reduce viral neutralization by over an order of magnitude. However, different viral mutations escape the sera of different individuals. This individual-to-individual variation in viral escape mutations is <i>not</i> present among ferrets that have been infected just once with a defined viral strain. Our results show how different single mutations help influenza virus escape the immunity of different members of the human population, a phenomenon that could shape viral evolution and disease susceptibility.
Does Multimodality Help Human and Machine for Translation and Image Captioning? (2016)

Ozan Caglayan, Walid Aransa, Yaxing Wang, Marc Masana, Mercedes García-Martínez, Fethi Bougares, Loïc Barrault, Joost van de Weijer. Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2, Shared Task Papers. 2016.
Superconducting State in a Gallium-Doped Germanium Layer at Low Temperatures (2009)

We demonstrate that the third elemental group-IV semiconductor, germanium, exhibits superconductivity at ambient pressure. Using advanced doping and annealing techniques of state-of-the-art semiconductor processing, we have fabricated a highly Ga-doped Ge (GeratioGa) layer in near-intrinsic Ge. Depending on the detailed annealing conditions, we demonstrate that superconductivity can be generated and tailored in the doped semiconducting Ge host at temperatures as high as 0.5 K. Critical-field measurements reveal the quasi-two-dimensional character of superconductivity in the approximately 60 nm thick GeratioGa layer. The Cooper-pair density in GeratioGa appears to be exceptionally low.
A Study into Postoperative Urine Retention in the Recovery Ward (2007)

ABSTRACT On the basis of hypothesis from our own practice, a study dealing with postoperative urine retention (PUR) in patients in the recovery ward was completed during 2006 in Odense University Hospital. Three hundred and seven patients took part in the study with a view to monitoring the occurrence of PUR and to identify the relationship between risk factors and the development of PUR. Defining PUR as >300 mL in the bladder with the inability to urinate, the study showed that 28.7% of the patients had PUR at arrival to the recovery ward. The study showed a positive correlation between patients with ascending age, rising anaesthesia duration, regional anaesthesia (RA) and developing PUR. PUR occurred in half of the patients with diabetes and approximately half of the patients treated with ephedrine. Furthermore, the type of surgery had significance, as considerably more patients with plastic and orthopaedic surgery developed PUR. On the other hand, the study showed no correlation between subjective symptoms, e.g. like a strong desire to void, and the occurrence of PUR. The results highlight the necessity for greater attention to screening patients for PUR.
The CT and MRI Findings of Sacral Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma : A Case Report (2002)

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. It may exhibit as a skeletal or extraskeletal tumor and usually contains calcified deposits. A lesion arising from sacrum is extremely rare. We present a 17-year-old male patient with clinical manifestations of lower back pain and sciatica. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of the patient depicted a poorly demarcated sacral tumor with a large extraosseous soft tissue component, but without calcification. Multiple small foci of lung, bone, and lymph node metastases were also found on staging CT images. CT guided biopsy and lumbosacral laminectomy (L5-S3) with partial removal of extradural mass for decompression were performed. The histopathological diagnosis was mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. However, the tumor had poor response to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy during an 8-mouth follow-up
Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults (2015)

Among older adults, PCV13 was effective in preventing vaccine-type pneumococcal, bacteremic, and nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia and vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease but not in preventing community-acquired pneumonia from any cause. (Funded by Pfizer; CAPITA ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00744263.).
Application of the ritter reaction to<i>a</i>‐olefins (1964)

Abstract By modification of the original Ritter conditions for making substituted amides by addition of nitriles of olefinic compounds, it is possible to apply the reaction to ॅ‐olefins. Results are given for addition of hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, cyanoacetic acid, and some chloronitriles to ॅ‐olefins in the range C 10 舑C 18 . Preliminary attempts to use diolefins containing the vinyl group were unsuccessful. Evidence is adduced to support the carbonium ion mechanism for the reaction.
The Occupational Composition of the Council (1969)

THE occupational as well as the political composition of the Council changed during this period, and these two developments were closely connected. The pattern of occupational change is depicted in Tables X–XII. Table X presents the occupational composition of the Council at seven dates in the period 1888– 1963; Table XI shows the occupational composition of the new entrants to the Council for the years between the dates of those Councils selected for particular analysis, while Table XII shows the occupational break-down of all members of the Council over roughly decennial periods. This triple approach provides snapshots of individual Councils over the period, the changing composition of the new recruits to the Council, and a wider view of the types of people who composed the Council during each decade of the period. Table XIII then analyses the party affiliations of the occupational groups for the new entrants to the Council over three periods, and Table XIV does the same for two specific Councils, 1903–4 and 1962–3.KeywordsTrade UnionOccupational GroupCouncil WorkLabour PartyLiberal PartyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fast Screening for Drugs of Abuse by Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Flow-Injection Ionspray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1998)

A fast analytical approach for the simultaneous quantitative screening for illicit drugs in serum and urine without tedious chromatographic separation steps was developed by combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by flow-injection analysis (FIA) with ionspray-ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) detection using a PE Sciex API 300 triple-quadrupole MS. MS-MS analysis was performed by sequentially isolating the precursor ions of the analytes and their deuterated standards with subsequent fragmentation and monitoring of one fragment ion for each substance. A multiple-reaction monitoring experiment was set up for morphine (MO), codeine (COD), amphetamine (AMP), benzoylecgonine (BZE), and their deuterated analogues. For method evaluation, serum samples spiked with 2-1000 ng of each drug and deuterated standards were extracted by mixed-mode SPE, redissolved in CH3CN-NH4OAc-buffer, and directly injected by flow injection into the ionspray source. The specificity of this new method was demonstrated by testing compounds with similar chemical structure for interferences from the analytes of interest (e.g., dihydromorphone, morphine glucuronide, and 6-monoacetylmorphine with MO; dihydrocodeine and hydrocodone with COD; cocaine [COC] and ecgonine methylester with BZE; methamphetamine with AMP). The possibility of interferences of such compounds with the FIA-ionspray-MS-MS screening method is discussed. Spiked serum samples and serum and urine samples from drug addicts and victims of drug abuse were analyzed with FIA-MS-MS and, after derivatization, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparable quantitative results were obtained with both methods; no interferences with metabolites or other compounds were found. The FIA-ionspray-MS-MS method is a fast, quantitative, sensitive, and highly specific alternative method to drug-screening by immunoassays, high-performance liquid chromatography, and GC-MS. It can be used for the simultaneous detection of different drugs and metabolites such as opiates, COC, AMP derivatives, and many other drugs.
Hydrolysis of soybean oil by a combined lipase system (1988)

Abstract The hydrolysis of soybean oil by different lipases was compared, and the results demonstrated that lipases D, N and G hydrolyzed the oil to 44, 42 and 7.2%, respectively, after 10 hr reaction, which represents incomplete hydrolysis. But the combined enzyme systems (lipases (G+N and lipases G+D) hydrolyzed the oil to an extent of 95–98% after 10 hr reaction. Plotting the percentage hydrolysis of soybean oil by combined enzyme systems against the logarithm of the reaction time resulted in essentially straight lines.
Markov random fields reveal an N-terminal double beta-propeller motif as part of a bacterial hybrid two-component sensor system (2010)

The recent explosion in newly sequenced bacterial genomes is outpacing the capacity of researchers to try to assign functional annotation to all the new proteins. Hence, computational methods that can help predict structural motifs provide increasingly important clues in helping to determine how these proteins might function. We introduce a Markov Random Field approach tailored for recognizing proteins that fold into mainly beta-structural motifs, and apply it to build recognizers for the beta-propeller shapes. As an application, we identify a potential class of hybrid two-component sensor proteins, that we predict contain a double-propeller domain.
Human leptin: from an adipocyte hormone to an endocrine mediator (2000)

Leptin is a mainly adipocyte-secreted protein that was discovered 5 years ago. Most of the research following this discovery focused on the role of leptin in body weight regulation, aiming to illuminate the pathophysiology of human obesity. However, more and more data are emerging that leptin is not only important in the regulation of food intake and energy balance, but that it also has a function as a metabolic and neuroendocrine hormone. It is now clear that it is especially involved in glucose metabolism, as well as in normal sexual maturation and reproduction. Besides this, interactions with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, thyroid and GH axes and even with haematopoiesis and the immune system have also been described. It has been shown that leptin secretion by the adipocyte is partly regulated by other hormones, such as insulin, cortisol, and sex steroids, mainly testosterone. Also, other hormones like thyroid hormone and GH are possibly involved in leptin synthesis. Leptin itself exerts effects on different endocrine axes, mainly on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and on insulin metabolism, but also on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, thyroid and GH axes. Leptin may thus be considered a new endocrine mediator, besides its obvious role in body weight regulation.
Antimicrobial activity of short‐ and medium‐term applications of polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine digluconate and calcium hydroxide in infected immature bovine teeth <i>in vitro</i> (2013)

Within the limitations of this study, sufficient antimicrobial effect may be reached by a short-term application of CHX. For the application of 1% Prontosan wound gel, a medium-term use (7 day) is required, while short-term use (10 min) is less effective.
Effect of Ba content on initial magnetization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">FeMoO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and the structural stability under high pressure (2004)

Series samples of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ have been synthesized using conventional solid-state reaction, and the effect of Ba content on the initial magnetizations of the samples has been studied. The measured saturation magnetizations of the samples show that the degree of antisite of Fe and Mo decreases with increasing Ba content. Structural stability and electrical properties of two samples of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ under high pressure at room temperature have been studied using energy dispersive x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation and resistance and capacitance measurements. The x-ray diffraction results show that the structures of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ remain stable in the measured pressure range of about 0--40 GPa. The equations of state of the two samples are obtained from the ${V/V}_{0}\ensuremath{-}P$ relationship based on the Birch-Murnaghan equation. The bulk moduli ${B}_{0}$ of the two samples are calculated according to the Birch-Murnaghan equation assuming that their first order derivatives ${B}_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ are equal to 4. The electrical resistance for the samples shows an abrupt drop at about 2.3--3.8 GPa, which might be caused by a change in the electronic structure induced by high pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of New Phosphorus‐Containing Azabicycloalkanes and Their Microbial Hydroxylation Using Beauveria bassiana. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A recognition method for continuous gestures with an accelerometer (2016)

Along with the spread of smart phones and wearable devices, systems that recognizes gestures such as punch and chop using an accelerometer have recently been attracting a great deal of attention. However, these systems do not consider the situation that gestures are performed continuously from/to other gestures or untrained movements and can not recognize such gestures accurately. This paper proposes a method that recognizes gestures performed continuously without explicit intervals. The proposed method detects segments similar to template data of target gestures and chooses the most likely segment. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment is conducted with five subjects. The subjects conducted three types of gestures drawing a graphic symbol in the air; circle, triangle, and cross in five kinds of situations, and ten types of gestures drawing a numeric character in the air; zero to nine. The average F-measure of graphic symbol achieved 0.78 and the average F-measure of numerical character achieved 0.79.
Efficient Generation of Integration-Free iPS Cells from Human Adult Peripheral Blood Using BCL-XL Together with Yamanaka Factors (2013)

The ability to efficiently generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the most readily available source-peripheral blood-has the potential to expedite the advances of iPSC-based therapies. We have successfully generated integration-free iPSCs from cord blood (CB) CD34(+) cells with improved oriP/EBNA1-based episomal vectors (EV) using a strong spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. Here we show that Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, MYC, and KLF4)-expressing EV can also reprogram adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) into pluripotency, yet at a very low efficiency. We found that inclusion of BCL-XL increases the reprogramming efficiency by approximately 10-fold. Furthermore, culture of CD3(-)/CD19(-) cells or T/B cell-depleted MNCs for 4-6 days led to the generation of 20-30 iPSC colonies from 1 ml PB, an efficiency that is substantially higher than previously reported. PB iPSCs express pluripotency markers, form teratomas, and can be induced to differentiate in vitro into mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. Used together, our optimized factor combination and reprogramming strategy lead to efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from adult PB. This discovery has potential applications in iPSC banking, disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
<title>Desktop scanning to sRGB</title> (1999)

To achieve high image quality throughout a digital imaging system, the first requirement is to ensure the quality of the device that captures real-world physical images to digital images, for example a desktop scanner. Several factors have influence on this quality: optical resolution, bit depth, spectral sensitivities, and acquisition noise, to mention a few. In this study we focus on the colorimetric faculties of the scanner, that is, the scanner's ability to deliver quantitative device-independent digital information about the colors of the original document. We propose methods to convert from the scanner's device-dependent RGB color space to the standard device-independent color space sRGB. The methods have been evaluated using several different desktop scanners. Our results are very good: mean CIELAB (Delta) E<SUP>*</SUP><SUB>ab</SUB> color errors as low as 1.4. We further discuss advantages and disadvantages of a digital color imaging system using the sRGB space for image exchange, compared to using other color architectures.
A microfluorometric mithramycin assay for quantitating the effects of immunotoxicants on lymphocyte activation (1981)

A semiautomated, microfluorometric assay has been developed for the detection of toxicant-induced changes in lymphocyte DNA content at standard intervals after mitogen activation. DNA is quantitated by solubilizing the cells and determining the fluorescence enhancement that results from formation of the highly specific mithramycin:DNA adduct. The limit of detection is 0.21 microgram (30,000 resting cell equivalents) per microtiter well. Correlation with the less sensitive, nonautomatable, diphenylamine DNA assay gives a correlation coefficient r = 0.91. Prototype substances representative of true immunotoxicants (prostaglandin E2) and common interfering substances (thymidine at less than 5 X 10(-4) M)m have been tested. The latter substance produces false positive results in the standard [3H]thymidine assay. The mithramycin assay does not inappropriately detect this interfering substance. It has the characteristics of a highly specific, accurate technique for screening and quantitating immunotoxic drugs, agents, and mediators in patient sera and other complex biological fluids.
Kinetics of Depolarization-Induced Calcium Release from Skeletal Muscle Triads In Vitro (1997)

Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) depending on depolarization of the transverse tubular membrane (TTM) caused by rapid ionic replacement was measured in skeletal muscle triadic vesicles using a stopped-flow apparatus and Fura-2, a membrane-impermeable Ca2+ indicator. Calcium release was triggered by an increase in the magnitude of depolarization. This Ca2+ release was inhibited by ruthenium red, digoxin and dantrolene, and enhanced by caffeine. Thus, Ca2+ release was found to occur through the SR Ca2+ release channel via TTM depolarization and to be able to cause skeletal muscle contraction. Calcium release curves could be divided into two phases. In contrast to other previous studies, in the fast phase the amount of released Ca2+ increased with an increase in the magnitude of depolarization but the Ca2+ release rate did not; on the other hand, in the slow phase the Ca2+ release rate increased but the amount of Ca2+ did not. Furthermore, the Ca2+ release rate was controlled by the luminal Ca2+ concentration of the SR only in the fast phase. These independent dual kinetics of Ca2+ release were explained by the calsequestrin regulation model.