gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and Application of a Novel Plasmid "ATG Vector" for Direct Expression of Foreign Genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1983)

A new type of plasmid expression vector was developed for direct expression of foreign genes in Escherichia coli. The plasmid vector, designated pTrS3, carries the E. coli tryptophan (trp) promoter and the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence for the trp leader peptide as well as an ATG sequence located 13 bp downstream from the SD sequence. The dG residue of this ATG overlaps with the first dG residue of the single Sph I recognition sequence (GCATGC) of the vector DNA. After cleaving pTrS3 DNA by Sph I, the 3' protruding Sph I ends were converted into blunt ends using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. Subsequently, the DNA fragments coding for mature human interferon-beta or for the interferon lacking several aminoterminal amino acids, were ligated to this vector DNA and cloned in E. coli. Interferon activity was detected in the extracts of bacterial strains harboring the recombinant plasmids and the results indicated that the interferon-beta polypeptides without the five aminoterminal amino acids might be less active than the mature form.
EBV LMP1, a viral mimic of CD40, activates dendritic cells and functions as a molecular adjuvant when incorporated into an HIV vaccine (2011)

HIV-1 does not significantly activate cellular immunity, which has made it difficult to use attenuated forms of HIV-1 as a vaccine. In contrast, EBV induces robust T cell responses in most infected individuals, perhaps as this virus contains LMP1, a viral mimic of CD40, which is a key activating molecule for DCs and macrophages. Consequently, studies were conducted using LMP1 and LMP1-CD40, a related construct formed by replacing the intracellular signaling domain of LMP1 with that of CD40. Upon electroporation into DCs, LMP1 and LMP1-CD40 mRNAs were sufficient to up-regulate costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that these molecules can function in isolation as adjuvant-like molecules. As a first step toward an improved HIV vaccine, LMP1 and LMP1-CD40 were introduced into a HIV-1 construct to produce virions encoding these proteins. Transduction of DCs and macrophages with these viruses induced morphological changes and up-regulated costimulatory molecules and cytokine production by these cells. HIV-LMP1 enhanced the antigen-presenting function of DCs, as measured in an in vitro immunization assay. Taken together, these data show that LMP1 and LMP1-CD40 are portable gene cassettes with strong adjuvant properties that can be introduced into viruses such as HIV, which by themselves, are insufficient to induce protective cellular immunity.
On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering for microwave photonic signal processing (2016)

This paper gives an overview of the applications of on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in RF photonic signal processing, including for high extinction notch filtering, tunable phase shifter, instantaneous frequency measurement, and bandwidth-reconfigurable signal processing.
Attempts to Reduce the Rate of Increase of Myopia in Young People—A Critical Literature Review (1982)

Results with, and opinions on, various experimental treatments for increasing myopia in young people are presented and discussed. None of the many different therapies has been shown to be consistently effective in reducing the rate of increase of myopia. The difficulties encountered in conducting clinical research of this nature are discussed.
Data-driven prognostics for lithium-ion battery based on Gaussian Process Regression (2012)

Lithium-ion battery is a promising power source for electric vehicles owing to its high specific energy and power. Through monitoring battery health in effective way such as determining the operating conditions, planning replacement interval could increase the reliability and stability of the whole system. However, due to the reliance on integration, errors in terminal measurement caused by noise, resolution, the uncertainty when we make prognostics for battery health are cumulative, the prediction result is combined with unsatisfied errors. As a result, the prognostic algorithms supporting uncertainty representation and management are emphasized. So in this paper, we present the Gaussian process model to realize the prognostics for battery health. Because of the advantages of flexible, probabilistic, nonparametric model with uncertainty predictions, the Gaussian process model can provide variance around its mean predictions to describe associated uncertainty in the evaluation and prediction. To evaluate the proposed prediction approach, we have executed experiments with lithium-ion battery. Experimental results prove its effectiveness and confirm the algorithm can be effectively applied to the battery monitoring and prognostics. Furthermore, the comparison of prediction with different amounts of training data has been achieved, and the dynamic model is introduced to improve the prediction for the battery health.
Communication Technologies for People With Sensory Disabilities (2012)

Traditional user technology for communication, such as phones, computers, television, and radio, may not directly work for people who have sensory disabilities. Five classes of communication access technology are discussed: hearing enhancement technology, deaf technology, vision enhancement technology, blind technology, and deaf-blind technology. These technologies are discussed in the social context of the people who use the technology. Broad technical research challenges are delineated and new directions for exploration are discussed.
Assist control and its tuning method for haptic system (2006)

This paper deals with an assist control on a haptic interface to promote operator's skill based on a new concept of a human-in-the-loop system called human adaptive mechatronics (HAM). HAM is an intelligent machine which adapts to human, improves his/her skill, and enhances total performance of total man-machine system. The proposed assist-control scheme includes online estimation of an operator's control characteristics, and a force-assist function based on a skill-level estimated. This paper discusses how to extract an expert's reference parameters from the response data and how to construct the assist function by stochastic analysis. It was confirmed via an experimental test that beginner's performance was enhanced by the assist-control as much as an expert
Radiation enteropathy--incidence, aetiology, risk factors, pathology and symptoms. (1995)

The small bowel represents a dose limiting structure for the administration of tumoricidal abdominal and pelvic doses exceeding 4,500 cGy. If its real incidence remains controversial, predisposing factors and histopathologic features are currently well established. Contrary to the transient and self-limiting symptoms of acute radiation enteritis, chronic radiation enteropathy is a rare but severe sequelae indicing high morbidity and mortality rates. Its prevention constitutes, in multidisciplinary institutions, a permanent challenge both for the radiotherapist and the pelvic surgeon.
Learning From Demonstrations in Changing Environments: Learning Cost Functions and Constraints for Motion Planning (2015)

"We address the problem of performing complex tasks for a robot operating in changing environments. We propose two approaches to the following problem: 1) define task-specific cost functions for motion planning that represent path quality by learning from an expert's preferences and 2) using constraint-based representation of the task inside learning from demonstration paradigm. In the first approach, we generate a set of paths for a given task using a motion planner and collect data about their features (path length, distance from obstacles, etc.). We provide these paths to an expert as a set of pairwise comparisons. We then form a ranking of the paths from the expert's comparisons. This ranking is used as training data for learning algorithms, which attempt to produce a cost function that maps path feature values to a cost that is consistent with the expert's ranking. We test our method on two simulated car-maintenance tasks with the PR2 robot: removing a tire and extracting an oil filter. We found that learning methods which produce non-linear combinations of the features are better able to capture expert preferences for the tasks than methods which produce linear combinations. This result suggests that the linear combinations used in previous work on this topic may be too simple to capture the preferences of experts for complex tasks. In the second approach, we propose to introduce a constraint-based description of the task that can be used together with the motion planner to produce the trajectories. The description is automatically created from the demonstration by performing segmentation and extracting constraints from the motion. The constraints are represented with the Task Space Regions (TSR) that are extracted from the demonstration and used to produce a desired motion. To account for the parts of the motion where constraints are different a segmentation of the demonstrated motion is performed using TSRs. The proposed approach allows performing tasks on robot from human demonstration in changing environments, where obstacle distribution or poses of the objects could change between demonstration and execution. The experimental evaluation on two example motions was performed to estimate the ability of our approach to produce the desired motion and recover a demonstrated trajectory."
Mutually Exclusive T-Cell Receptor Induction and Differential Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutational Escape Associated with a Two-Amino-Acid Difference between HLA Class I Subtypes (2006)

The relative contributions of HLA alleles and T-cell receptors (TCRs) to the prevention of mutational viral escape are unclear. Here, we examined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses restricted by two closely related HLA class I alleles, B*5701 and B*5703, that differ by two amino acids but are both associated with a dominant response to the same HIV-1 Gag epitope KF11 (KAFSPEVIPMF). When this epitope is presented by HLA-B*5701, it induces a TCR repertoire that is highly conserved among individuals, cross-recognizes viral epitope variants, and is rarely associated with mutational escape. In contrast, KF11 presented by HLA-B*5703 induces an entirely different, more heterogeneous TCR beta-chain repertoire that fails to recognize specific KF11 escape variants which frequently arise in clade C-infected HLA-B*5703(+) individuals. These data show the influence of HLA allele subtypes on TCR selection and indicate that extensive TCR diversity is not a prerequisite to prevention of allowable viral mutations.
Systemic blood plasma CCL5 and CXCL6: Potential biomarkers for human lumbar disc degeneration (2016)

Lumbar disc degeneration severity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with low back pain. Pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CXCL6 are released by induced degenerative discs, and CCL5 has been associated with discogenic back pain. A case-control study was performed, based on the Hong Kong Disc Degeneration Population-Based Cohort of Southern Chinese, to investigate if systemic levels of CCL5 and CXCL6 were elevated in subjects with disc degeneration compared to non-degenerated individuals. Eighty subjects were selected, 40 with no disc degeneration (control group; DDD score 0) and 40 with moderate/severe disc degeneration (disc degeneration group; DDD score ≥5) as noted on MRI. Subjects were matched for age, sex, body mass index and workload. Blood plasma samples were obtained from each individual, and levels of CCL5 and CXCL6 were measured. Secondary phenotypes of lumbar disc displacement and cervical disc changes were also assessed. CCL5 concentrations were significantly increased in the disc degeneration (mean: 19.8 ng/mL) compared to the control group (mean: 12.8 ng/mL) (p = 0.015). The degeneration group demonstrated higher levels of CXCL6 (mean: 56.9 pg/mL) compared to the control group (mean: 43.4 pg/mL) (p = 0.010). There was a trend towards elevated CCL5 levels with disc displacement in the degeneration group (p = 0.073). Cervical disc degeneration was not associated with elevated chemokine levels (p > 0.05). This is the first study to note that elevated systemic CCL5 and CXCL6 were associated with moderate/severe lumbar disc degeneration, further corroborating tissue studies of painful discs. These chemokines may be systemic biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disc degeneration.
Tetra-<i>O</i>-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits growth and induces death of leukemia cells independent of Cdc2 and survivin (2007)

Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N) was shown to induce G2 arrest and suppress human xenograft tumor growth by inhibiting Cdc2 and survivin. We examined the effect of M4N on leukemia and found that M4N inhibited growth and induced cell death in leukemic cell lines and blasts from AML patients. However, no significant changes in Cdc2 and survivin levels and G2 arrest were observed. Cell death and growth inhibition were dependent neither on XIAP, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X(L) levels nor on caspase-8. M4N did not promote cell differentiation in HL-60 cells. Interestingly, significant inhibition of AKT phosphorylation was observed in M4N treated OCI-AML3 cells. Collectively, our data showed that M4N inhibited cell growth and induced cell death in both leukemic cell lines and AML patient sample via a mechanism not mediated by Cdc2 and survivin inhibition and suggested that the extrinsic and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways are not essential.
Hypoxia-inducible factor regulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption: role of angiopoietin-like 4 (2010)

Hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor regulate angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. To determine how HIF might coordinate osteoclast and osteoblast function, we studied angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), the top HIF target gene in an Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 48k array of normoxic vs. hypoxic osteoclasts differentiated from human CD14(+) monocytes (14.3-fold induction, P<0.0004). ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein were induced by 24 h at 2% O(2) in human primary osteoclasts, monocytes, and osteoblasts. ANGPTL4 protein was observed by immunofluorescence in osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vivo. Normoxic inducers of HIF (CoCl(2), desferrioxamine, and l-mimosine) and 100 ng/ml ANGPTL4 stimulated osteoclastic resorption 2- to 3-fold in assays of lacunar dentine resorption, without affecting osteoclast viability. Isoform-specific HIF-1α small interfering RNA ablated hypoxic induction of ANGPTL4 and of resorption, which was rescued by addition of exogenous ANGPTL4 (P<0.001). In the osteoblastic Saos2 cell line, ANGPTL4 caused a dose-dependent increase in proliferation (P<0.01, 100 ng/ml) and, at lower doses (1-25 ng/ml), mineralization. These results demonstrate that HIF is sufficient to enhance osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and that ANGPTL4 can compensate for HIF-1α deficiency with respect to stimulation of osteoclast activity and also augments osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
VideoCapsuleNet: A Simplified Network for Action Detection (2018)

The recent advances in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have shown extremely good results for video human action classification, however, action detection is still a challenging problem. The current action detection approaches follow a complex pipeline which involves multiple tasks such as tube proposals, optical flow, and tube classification. In this work, we present a more elegant solution for action detection based on the recently developed capsule network. We propose a 3D capsule network for videos, called VideoCapsuleNet: a unified network for action detection which can jointly perform pixel-wise action segmentation along with action classification. The proposed network is a generalization of capsule network from 2D to 3D, which takes a sequence of video frames as input. The 3D generalization drastically increases the number of capsules in the network, making capsule routing computationally expensive. We introduce capsule-pooling in the convolutional capsule layer to address this issue which makes the voting algorithm tractable. The routing-by-agreement in the network inherently models the action representations and various action characteristics are captured by the predicted capsules. This inspired us to utilize the capsules for action localization and the class-specific capsules predicted by the network are used to determine a pixel-wise localization of actions. The localization is further improved by parameterized skip connections with the convolutional capsule layers and the network is trained end-to-end with a classification as well as localization loss. The proposed network achieves sate-of-the-art performance on multiple action detection datasets including UCF-Sports, J-HMDB, and UCF-101 (24 classes) with an impressive ~20% improvement on UCF-101 and ~15% improvement on J-HMDB in terms of v-mAP scores.
Spectrometry with frequency combs (2002)

A method is proposed for performing accurate spectral characterization of samples with frequency combs, e.g., from mode-locked lasers, over the spectral range covered by the combs. The essence of the method is the use of two combs of slightly different mode spacing to achieve spectral resolution. The advantages of the method are speed, frequency resolution, sensitivity, absence of dispersive components, and high spatial resolution.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse—a preliminary report (1997)

We have previously reported smaller hippocampal volume and deficits in short-term memory in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relative to comparison subjects. The purpose of this study was to compare hippocampal volume in adult survivors of childhood abuse to matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure volume of the hippocampus in adult survivors of childhood abuse (n = 17) and healthy subjects (n = 17) matched on a case-by-case basis for age, sex, race, handedness, years of education, body size, and years of alcohol abuse. All patients met criteria for PTSD secondary to childhood abuse. PTSD patients had a 12% smaller left hippocampal volume relative to the matched controls (p < .05), without smaller volumes of comparison regions (amygdala, caudate, and temporal lobe). The findings were significant after controlling for alcohol, age, and education, with multiple linear regression. These findings suggest that a decrease in left hippocampal volume is associated with abuse-related PTSD.
The Synthesis of Imidazolines from 1,2-Diamines and Carboxylic Acids (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Imidazolines from 1,2-Diamines and Carboxylic AcidsJ. L. RiebsomerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1629–1632Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Convergence of Staphylococcus aureus Persister and Biofilm Research: Can Biofilms Be Defined as Communities of Adherent Persister Cells? (2016)

The remarkable tolerance of bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial drugs underpins their role in chronic and recurring infections. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are embedded in an extracellular matrix composed of self-produced extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins or host-derived matrices such as fibrin, prompting speculation that limited drug diffusion into biofilms contributes to tolerance. However, the slow-and non-growing phenotypes of biofilm cells resemble those observed in the stationary growth phase, which is known to enrich for the highly antibiotic-tolerant persister phenotype. Indeed, recent studies have revealed that the antibiotic tolerance phenotypes of S. aureus biofilm and persister cells are strikingly similar Here, we will explore the idea that biofilms are enriched with adherent persister cells and that research into the biofilm and persister phenotypes has converged.
Electrokinetic behaviour of colloidal particles in travelling electric fields: studies using yeast cells (1993)

Suspensions of yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used as model systems to investigate the electrokinetic behaviour of colloidal particles subjected to travelling electric fields generated using microelectrodes. Measurements were made over the frequency range 1 kHz to 10 MHz and for suspending medium conductivities in the range 6-260 mS m-1. A theoretical model is developed to provide a good description of the dependence of the observed translational motion, termed travelling-wave dielectrophoresis (TWD), on the dielectric properties of the particle and suspending medium, on the size of the particle, and on the magnitude and frequency of the applied field. Unlike conventional dielectrophoresis, the TWD effect is found to be related to the imaginary, rather than to the real, component of the induced dipole moment. Dielectrophoresis and electrorotation measurements were made to provide a further understanding of the observed effects and to support the theoretical model.
Structures of aureobasidins B to R. (1991)

Structures of 17 minor forms of aureobasidins (Abs), Abs B-R, were elucidated by mass fragmentation and amino acid analysis. The fragmentation patterns by FAB-MS spectroscopy of Abs A-E seemed to follow predictable rules, so we used the rules to elucidate the 13 other Abs. All Abs consisted of eight amino acids and one hydroxy acid.