gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exchange Narrowing in Paramagnetic Resonance (1953)

In this paper the problem of the line shape in paramagnetic resonance when large exchange interaction is present is discussed from the standpoint of a simplified mathematical model. The mathematical model can be called the model of "random frequency modulation": It is assumed that the atom absorbs a single frequency, which varies over a distribution determined by the dipolar local fields, but that this frequency varies randomly in time at a rate determined by the exchange interactions.The predicted line shape in the case in which exchange is large is of resonance type in the observable center of the line, but falls off more rapidly in the wings. This line shape has been verified experimentally in a number of cases. This conclusion seems quite independent of any assumption about the type of random frequency modulation, etc. The quantitative conclusions are reached in the following way: It is suspected, since the exchange motion is the superposition of the effects of a number of neighbors which is not particularly small, that a good approximation to the modulation function is Gaussian noise with a Gaussian spectrum. This, of course, is what would result from the superposition of a large number of rather small effects. Under this assumption both the second moment (which is independent of exchange) and the fourth moment of the line shape can be calculated. This kind of modulation is the simplest one which does give a finite fourth moment; a Markoffian, or "jump," type of modulation, which might seem more reasonable at first, does not. These moments are then compared with the moments computed by Van Vleck [Phys. Rev. 74, 1168 (1948)] to fix the two adjustable parameters, mean square frequency, and average rate of change of frequency, of the theory.The result as to line breadth, which is essentially $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\cong}\frac{{〈(\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2})〉}_{\mathrm{Av}} \mathrm{d}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}}{\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}},$ if $J$ is the exchange integral, can be compared with observed line breadths by estimating $J$ from Curie-Weiss constants for a number of materials. The results are quite satisfactory if the theory is extended in two ways: (a) When the exchange frequency is larger than the resonance frequency, it can be shown that the off-diagonal elements of the dipolar interaction must be included, leading to a line-width larger by a factor of roughly 10/3; (b) in a number of cases hyperfine and Stark splitting is contributing importantly to the width.The good agreement with experiment in the cases we have investigated leads us to believe that a quantitative approach to the paramagnetic resonance line breadth problem, using only the already known concepts of dipolar interaction, exchange narrowing, and fine structure splitting, will probably explain all the observed phenomena.
REACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, IODINE AND IODATE ION. II. THE PREPARATION OF IODIC ACID. PRELIMINARY RATE MEASUREMENTS (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTREACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, IODINE AND IODATE ION. II. THE PREPARATION OF IODIC ACID. PRELIMINARY RATE MEASUREMENTSWilliam C. Bray and A. L. CaulkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 1, 44–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01352a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01352a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compact High-Density Plasma Source Produced by Using Standing Helicon Waves (1999)

High-density plasmas of the order of 10 13 cm -3 are produced by the m =0 standing helicon wave (SHW) in a short discharge column (10 cm). Unlike conventional helicon wave discharges, high-density plasma production is split into two modes governed by N =1 and 3 ( N is the number of half-wavelengths in the plasma column) SHWs. The external static magnetic field B 0 dependence of plasma density n p shows that N =3 SHW can produce a density higher than N =1 SHW at low magnetic field (∼200 G). The standing waves are measured and compared using a two-dimensional wave calculation.
Autonomous Navigation in Complex Indoor and Outdoor Environments with Micro Aerial Vehicles (2014)

Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) are ideal platforms for surveillance and search and rescue in confined indoor and outdoor environments due to their small size, superior mobility, and hover capability. In such missions, it is essential that the MAV is capable of autonomous flight to minimize operator workload. Despite recent successes in commercialization of GPS-based autonomous MAVs, autonomous navigation in complex and possibly GPS-denied environments gives rise to challenging engineering problems that require an integrated approach to perception, estimation, planning, control, and high level situational awareness. Among these, state estimation is the first and most critical component for autonomous flight, especially because of the inherently fast dynamics of MAVs and the possibly unknown environmental conditions. In this thesis, we present methodologies and system designs, with a focus on state estimation, that enable a light-weight off-the-shelf quadrotor MAV to autonomously navigate complex unknown indoor and outdoor environments using only onboard sensing and computation. We start by developing laser and vision-based state estimation methodologies for indoor autonomous flight. We then investigate fusion from heterogeneous sensors to improve robustness and enable operations in complex indoor and outdoor environments. We further propose estimation algorithms for on-the-fly initialization and online failure recovery. Finally, we present planning, control, and environment coverage strategies for integrated high-level autonomy behaviors. Extensive online experimental results are presented throughout the thesis. We conclude by proposing future research opportunities.
Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on risk of neural tube defects: case-control study (2004)

Homozygosity for the T allele of the C677T polymorphism of the gene encoding the folate dependent enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a risk factor for neural tube defects. 1 Both the homozygous (TT) and heterozygous (CT) genotypes are associated with lower tissue concentrations of folate, higher homocysteine concentrations, and lower enzyme activity than the wild type (CC) genotype; these effects are more marked in homozygotes. Low folate and raised homocysteine levels in early pregnancy are risk factors for neural tube defects. 2 We investigated the possibility that the CT genotype would also increase the risk of these malformations.
Chemoselective Reduction ofAldehydes over Ketones with Sodium Tris(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borohydride (2008)

Chemoselective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones was achieved using sodium tris(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borohydride which can be stored as a THF solution.
Electrophysiological characterization of N-methyl--aspartate receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons (2004)

In the peripheral nervous system, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) expressed on the central and peripheral terminals of primary afferent neurons are involved in nociception. We used single cell imaging of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and patch clamp techniques to characterize the functional properties of NMDARs on adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in primary culture and selectively on those innervating the distal colon. In Mg2+-free extracellular solution, rapid perfusion of DRG neurons with 250 μM NMDA and 10 μM glycine caused a significant increase in [Ca2+]i, and elicited inward currents in whole cell patch clamp recordings when the holding potential was −60 mV. Both effects were reversibly inhibited by 200 μM ketamine in a use-dependent manner. The EC50 values for NMDA and glycine were 64 and 1.9 μM with Hill slope coefficients of 1.4 and 1.3, respectively. At negative potentials, extracellular Mg2+ blocked currents in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner. The IC50 for Mg2+ at a holding potential of −100 mV was 2.0 μM. The NMDAR subtype-selective antagonist, ifenprodil, inhibited 94% of the NMDA and glycine-induced current with an IC50 of 2.6 μM. There was no evidence of multiple binding sites for ifenprodil. There was no significant difference in the NMDAR current density on DRG neurons that had innervated the colon, nor was there a difference in the EC50 for ifenprodil. These results demonstrate that functional NMDARs expressed by DRG neurons innervating both somatic and visceral tissues of adult rats are composed predominantly of NR2B subunits.
<I>Plasmopara viticola</I>: a review of knowledge on downy mildew of grapevine and effective disease management (2011)

The oomycete Plasmopara viticola is native to North America and was accidentally introduced into Europe at the end of the 19th century, where it caused widespread damage to the grape industry. Since that time, the damage caused by this plant pathogen has generally been controlled with multiple fungicide applications. Modern fungicides applied as prescribed by weather-based warning systems can effectively prevent any damage that might be caused. Alternatives to chemical treatments, such as the use of biocontrol agents or resistant cultivars, currently play a marginal role in controlling this disease. Until the middle of last century, research efforts were mainly concentrated on optimizing the application of copper fungicides and developing new molecules and formulations for controlling the disease. During the second half of the last century, highly efficient products for control were available, so research efforts moved toward optimizing and minimizing chemical control, mostly through the use of weather-based warning systems based on complex biological models. In the last 20 years, parallel to the development of technologies for genomic and transcriptomic analyses, host-pathogen interactions and population genetics have captured the interest of researchers in this field. Breeding for resistance against downy mildew has always coexisted with chemical control. However, the results of these breeding programmes have traditionally been cultivated only in marginal areas and organic production systems. This review traces the history of European knowledge of P. viticola.
Erprobung von Verfahren zur Erkennung von Leckagen in Rohrleitungen / Comparison of methods for detecting leakages in pipelines (1991)

Article Erprobung von Verfahren zur Erkennung von Leckagen in Rohrleitungen / Comparison of methods for detecting leakages in pipelines was published on December 1, 1991 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 58, issue JG).
Bolt: Anonymous Payment Channels for Decentralized Currencies. (2016)

Bitcoin owes its success to the fact that transactions are transparently recorded in the blockchain, a global public ledger that removes the need for trusted parties. Unfortunately, recording every transaction in the blockchain causes privacy, latency, and scalability issues. Building on recent proposals for micropayment channels --- two party associations that use the ledger only for dispute resolution --- we introduce techniques for constructing anonymous payment channels. Our proposals allow for secure, instantaneous and private payments that substantially reduce the storage burden on the payment network. Specifically, we introduce three channel proposals, including a technique that allows payments via untrusted intermediaries. We build a concrete implementation of our scheme and show that it can be deployed via a soft fork to existing anonymous currencies such as ZCash.
Personal Value Profile of Women Executives. (1974)

A study, similar to the England study of male managerial populations, of personal and executive values was conducted on a female executive population derived from Who's Who of American Women. Objectives were to ascertain personal and executive value profiles of the female respondents (467), and to make a comparative analysis with the England findings. Aggregate profiles were similar between men and women. In detail, women were less moralistic and slightly more pragmatic. Executive values (consensus on importance in business environment) were largely shared. Female personal values found higher were: money, organizational stability, compassion, influence, equality, social welfare, organizational growth, autonomy, prestige, authority change, and compromise. As intended values, these were probably culturally-induced. Operative values uniquely held by women were: dignity, equality, and tolerance. Enough differences were found between male and female executive profiles to warrant attention in recruiting, staff development, promotion, and long range career planning. Interesting implications exist for assessing sources of personal values, discerning differences between executive and non-executive behavior, and making potential value adjustments.
Comparison of Different Fibers for <i>In Vitro</i> Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids by Intestinal Microflora (2005)

The fermentation of dietary fiber in the large intestine and the by-products of this fermentation are thought to protect against colonic diseases. As it is difficult to measure the fermentation of dietary fiber in an intact animal, in vitro techniques have been developed to compare the fermentability of various dietary fibers. The objective of this project was to compare short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production with different fibers in an in vitro fermentation model. A wide range of commercially available dietary fiber sources was compared for SCFA production. Fibers were fermented with a fecal innoculum for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography. SCFA production varied among the fiber sources. Hydrolyzed guar gum and galactomannan produced the greatest amounts of total SCFAs. Butyrate production was higher with the fiber sources than the glucose control. Acetate production was less for psyllium than the other fibers. Thus, different dietary fiber sources are more readily fermented by fecal microflora. These differences most likely affect the physiological differences seen among dietary fiber sources.
Volume rendering on the MasPar MP-1 (1992)

This work presents the implementation of data-parallel perspective volume rendering on a massively parallel SIMD computer, the Mas-Par MP-1, and shows the benefits of e$icient indirect addressing (an MP-1 feature) which allows individual processing elements to address their local memory independently. Emphasis is put on the geometric transformations required for volume rendering algorithms. TJte data-parallel algorithm separates multi-dimensional spatial transformations into a series of one-dimensional operations that can be performed in parallel on regular data domains, providing performance linear with data size. The rotation andperspective transformation is reduced to four shearlscale passes. The separable approach allows for predictable and regular data handling, independent of data values, allowing optimization of communication between processing elements. The communications required are data axis transpositions, wJtich can be peflormed using the MP-1 's global router, which delivers scalable peflormance. Wrtualization allows graceful scaling in both problem size and architecture size, and a hierarchical design provides a flexible and portable fiamework suitable for different data-parallel SIMD architectures.
Development of filtering methods for PET signals contaminated by RF pulses for combined PET-MRI (2009)

A Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GAPD) array-based MRI compatible PET is being developed in our laboratory. The purpose of this study is to develop filtering methods for PET event signals contaminated by RF pulses for simultaneous PET-MR imaging. The detector for the MRI compatible PET was composed of LYSO scintillators coupled with GAPD arrays. PET signal acquisition was implemented by a FPGA-based data acquisition (DAQ) system. The noise caused by RF field of MRI has large effect on PET signal acquisition when PET detectors are placed inside MRI. In this study, software, hardware and hybrid filtering methods were evaluated. The software method utilizes a maximum rise window and an integration (energy) window for real time RF noise rejection. The hardware method uses differential to single ended circuit including low-pass filter. The hybrid method combines software and hardware method. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the RF pulse effect on PET DAQ could be reduced by the software or hardware method developed in this study and hybrid method is the best to minimize the interference of RF pulses.
The Triplet State of Indigo (2007)

The elusive triplet state of indigo (see picture) has been fully characterized by energy-transfer pulse radiolysis and photoacoustic calorimetry. The triplet energy is (1.04±0.10) eV and the singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing yield in solution is ϕISC=0.0066. Inefficient intersystem crossing, low triplet energy, and fast internal conversion of the singlet state likely contribute to the high stability of indigo.
<title>Maximum-likelihood blind equalization</title> (1991)

A new approach to blind equalization is investigated in which the receiver performs joint data and channel estimation in an iterative manner. Hence, instead of estimating the channel inverse, the receiver computes the maximum likelihood estimate of the channel itself. The iterative algorithm involves maximum likelihood sequence estimation (Viterbi decoding) for the data estimation part and least squared estimation for the channel estimation part. A suboptimal algorithm is also proposed that uses a reduced-state trellis instead of the Viterbi algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance obtained by these algorithms is comparable to that of a receiver operating with complete knowledge of the channel.
Serum chromogranin‐A in advanced prostate cancer (2001)

In association with tPSA, serum CgA appears to be a promising marker for monitoring patients with prostate cancer.
Klout score: Measuring influence across multiple social networks (2015)

In this work, we present the Klout Score, an influence scoring system that assigns scores to 750 million users across 9 different social networks on a daily basis. We propose a hierarchical framework for generating an influence score for each user, by incorporating information for the user from multiple networks and communities. Over 3600 features that capture signals of influential interactions are aggregated across multiple dimensions for each user. The features are scalably generated by processing over 45 billion interactions from social networks every day, as well as by incorporating factors that indicate real world influence. Supervised models trained from labeled data determine the weights for features, and the final Klout Score is obtained by hierarchically combining communities and networks. We validate the correctness of the score by showing that users with higher scores are able to spread information more effectively in a network. Finally, we use several comparisons to other ranking systems to show that highly influential and recognizable users across different domains have high Klout scores.
Specific antagonism of behavioral action of “uncommon” amino acids linked to motor‐system diseases (1987)

Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) are chemically related amino acids present in the seeds of Cycas circinalis and Lathyrus sativus, respectively. Consumption of these seeds has been linked to Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (BMAA) and lathyrism (BOAA; a form of primary lateral sclerosis). A single large dose of BOAA or BMAA causes seizures in newborn mice and postsynaptic neuronal edema and degeneration in CNS explants. We report that the acute neurotoxic actions of these amino acids are blocked selectively by specific glutamate-receptor antagonists (administered intracerebroventricularly) (i.c.v.) prior to the amino acid. Administration of BOAA i.c.v. to neonatal mice (ED100 = 50 micrograms) elicits a spectrum of time-dependent behavioral states including arm and leg rigidity, convulsions, and resting tremor. These are blocked in a dose-dependent manner by cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA), an antagonist of quisqualate (QA)-preferring (A2) and kainate (KA)-preferring (A3) glutamate receptors (ED50s; 2.8 micrograms, rigidity; 1.4 micrograms, convulsions; 2.4 micrograms, resting tremor). BMAA induces a transitory hyperexcitable state followed by a long-lasting whole-body shake/wobble (ED100 = 1,000 micrograms, i.c.v.). These responses are antagonized selectively and dose-dependently by 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or A1 glutamate-receptor antagonist (ED50 = 0.45 microgram). Taken collectively, our data indicate that the acute neuronotoxic actions of BOAA and BMAA (or a metabolite) operate through different glutamate-receptor species. BMAA likely exerts most of its action indirectly via the A1 glutamate receptor, while BOAA acts principally at the A2 and/or A3 receptor.
Construction of the Nickel Oxide Nanocoral Structure on Microscope Slides for Total Self-Assembly-Oriented Probe Immobilization and Signal Enhancement (2020)

Proper orientation of probes and the binding capacity of surfaces will determine the performance of bio-applications. It has been reported that immobilizing through bio-/chemical affinity is an efficient but gentle strategy to solve the above-mentioned issue. Herein, we introduce a total self-assembly approach <i>via</i> the strong affinity of nickel oxide (NiO) to the polyhistidine-tag (His-tag). It allows the efficient immobilizing His-tagged proteins with orientation. Furthermore, we find that the nanocoral structure can be formed after applying rapid thermal annealing at 1100 °C, which could increase the His-tagged protein binding capacity efficiently by the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. Lastly, we demonstrate the NiO thin film with the nanocoral structure, which has great potential for universal biosensing with a wide range of biomolecules, including DNA, protein, and bacteria. Through His-tagged monomer streptavidin (His<sub>6</sub>-mSA) or His-tagged protein G (His<sub>6</sub>-protein G), the biotinylated DNA or antibody could be immobilized with proper orientation on the surface consequently to complete a sensitive biomolecule detection. Moreover, the NiO nanocoral structure has the advantages of high hydrophilicity, transmittance, and pH stability that are promising to develop into several kinds of bio-applications in the near future.