gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of nicotine replacement therapy in combination with reduced-nicotine cigarettes for smoking cessation (2008)

A randomized double-blind, active controlled, parallel group, multi-center phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of reduced-nicotine cigarettes as a novel smoking cessation treatment (under Investigational Device Exemption 69,185). The concept for a reduced-nicotine cigarette designed to progressively wean smokers from the smoking habit is based on research demonstrating that successful smoking cessation is not only dependent on withdrawal of nicotine, but also on weaning from the habitual sensory and behavioral reinforcement of smoking. Treatment consisted of Quest brand of cigarettes (Quest 1, 2, and 3), which respectively deliver 0.59+/-0.06, 0.3+/-0.05, and less than 0.05 mg nicotine, either alone or in combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The primary endpoint was 4 weeks of continuous abstinence (Weeks 7-10), with additional follow-up at 3 and 6 months. Adult men and women smokers (N = 346), motivated to quit, were randomized to one of three treatment groups: Quest plus NRT (NRT pretreatment 2 weeks before, and NRT after the quit date), Quest plus placebo patch, or active control plus NRT (conventional cigarette, followed by NRT after quit date). Results showed that Quest plus NRT was more effective than active control plus NRT in achieving 4 weeks of continuous abstinence (32.8% vs. 21.9%). Quest plus placebo patch yielded an abstinence rate similar to that of the active control plus NRT (16.4% vs. 21.9%). No serious adverse events were attributable to the investigational product. Quest plus NRT offers promise as a new smoking cessation treatment.
Chapter I: Notes on structured programming (1972)

MutS is a DNA mismatch binding protein that recognizes heteroduplex DNA containing mispaired or unpaired bases. In this study, we employ a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device for the study of MutS binding with DNA containing a single Thymine-Guanine (T-G) mismatch at different sites. Multi-step surface binding reactions are involved in the study, including probe DNA immobilization on the sensor surface through biotin-streptavidin-biotin bridge chemistry, target DNA hybridization to form T-G heteroduplexes, and MutS recognition of the mutation sites. The QCM frequency (d f) and motional resistance (d R, an impedance parameter reflective of QCM damping), as well as the SPR angle shift (d q ) are recorded for the binding reactions. The combined SPR and QCM data collection and analysis allow for an assessment of not only the amount of bound biopolymer but provide also information on also the structural properties of the streptavidin, DNA and MutS/DNA complexes. The affinity of the MutS/T-G heteroduplex assembly is determined by both the QCM and SPR methods through titration of the surface bound DNA with increasing MutS concentration. It is found that if the T-G mismatch is in the center of the DNA fragment, the MutS/DNA complex is more stable than if the mismatch is located near the end of the fragment.
Interaction of anions and divalent metal ions with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. (1976)

The catalytic activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat liver cytosol is stimulated by incubating with Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+. When purified, the enzyme no longer responds to Fe2+, Co2+, or Cd2+ but retains a response to Mn2+. Low concentrations of SO4(2-) in the incubation medium with enzyme and divalent transition metal allow stimulation by Fe2+ and Co2+ and enhance the response to Mn2+. Under identical conditions, orthophosphate with Fe2+ is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme (half-maximal inhibition at 50 muM). A thiol is required in the incubation medium for the effects of Fe2+ plus sulfate or orthophosphate to be expressed. The magnitude of these effects depends on the thiol concentration. Dithiothreitol is more effective than GSH and activation by sulfate plus Fe2+ appears to require the reduced form of dithiothreitol. Sulfate ion is not considered to be the physiological Fe2+-activator of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat liver cytosol, as this function is fulfilled by a newly discovered liver protein. Knowledge concerning the interaction of Fe2+ and sulfate with the enzyme may be useful in examining their interaction between the enzyme, ferrous ion, and this activator protein.
Influence of Pb and La contents on the lattice configuration of La-substituted Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub>films fabricated by CSD method (2009)

The influence of Pb and La contents on the lattice configuration in La-substituted Pb(Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</sub> ,Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (La-PZT) films was systematically investigated. La-PZT films with various La and Pb contents were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD). In the La-PZT films with a Pb content ratio of 125% relative to a stoichiometric value, La ions were substituted for not only A-site ions but also B-site ions at La contents greater than 3 mol%. La substitution for B-site seems to cause larger reduction of the unit cell size. In addition, we found that in the La-PZT films with a La content of 3 mol%, the Pb content of 116 mol% (120% relative to a stoichiometric value) was optimum from the viewpoint of site occupancy. This indicates that excess Pb prevented the A-site substitution of La ions.
Can We Engineer Better Multistage Horizontal Completions? Evidence of the Importance of Near-Wellbore Fracture Geometry From Theory, Lab and Field Experiments (2015)

Note: SPE 173363 Reference EPFL-CONF-212843 Record created on 2015-10-08, modified on 2016-08-09
A method to estimate slew and delay in coupled digital circuits (2003)

Coupling capacitance has substantial impact on signal delays and arrival times. It is not always correct to de-couple them using the Miller factors of 0 or 2/spl times/. Towards this end, various de-coupling techniques have been studied in the literature. We extend them and suggest their use in static timing analysis. Our approach uses the switching factor based de-coupling approximation idea to compute the impact of coupling capacitors on signal slews and delays. We suggest an iterative table lookup scheme. The slew and delay tables for the library cell elements are looked up to compute slew and arrival times of signals in the presence of coupling capacitors. The method is easy to use with existing static timing analysis tools. It works with slew and delay tables, which are usually available with technology libraries. Other than table lookups, it requires minimal computation of two switching factors per coupling capacitor per iteration. Analysis and HSPICE simulation results are given to support the suggested method.
A Visible Light Initiating System for Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Visible Light Initiating System for Free Radical Promoted Cationic PolymerizationYubai Bi and Douglas C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 14, 3683–3693Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00092a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1357Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
REPRESENTATION AND RECONCONSTRUCTION OF TRIANGULAR IRREGULAR NETWORKS WITH VERTICAL WALLS (2012)

Abstract. Point clouds obtained by aerial laser scanning are a convenient input source for high resolution 2.5d elevation models, such as the Dutch AHN-2. More challenging is the fully automatic reconstruction of 3d city models. An actual demand for a combined 2.5d terrain and 3d city model for an urban hydrology application led to the design of an extension to the well-known Delaunay triangulated irregular networks (TINs) as to accommodate vertical walls. In addition we introduce methods to generate and refine models adhering to our data structure. These are based on combining two approaches: a representation of the TIN using stars of vertices and triangles, together with segmenting the TIN on the basis of coplanarity of adjacent triangles. The approach is supposed to deliver the complete model including walls at the correct locations, without relying on additional map data, as these often lack completeness, actuality and accuracy, and moreover most of the time do not account for parts facades not going down to street level. However, automatic detection of height discontinuities to obtain the exact location of the walls is currently still under implementation.
Characteristics of an<i>Arabidopsis</i>glyoxylate reductase: general biochemical properties and substrate specificity for the recombinant protein, and developmental expression and implications for glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde metabolism in planta (2007)

Constitutive expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh cDNA (GenBank accession No. AY044183 ) in a succinic semialdehyde (SSA) dehydrogenase-deficient yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen) mutant enables growth on γ-aminobutyrate and significantly enhances the accumulation of γ-hydroxybutyrate. In this report, the cDNA (designated hereinafter as AtGR1) was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli , and the recombinant protein purified to homogeneity. Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate (K m , glyoxylate = 4.5 μmol·L –1 ) as well as SSA to γ-hydroxybutyrate (K m, SSA = 0.87 mmol·L –1 ) via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism. The enzyme had a 250-fold higher preference for glyoxylate than SSA based on the performance constants (k cat /K m ), and with the exception of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, at least a 100-fold higher preference for SSA than all other substrates tested (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, phenylglyoxal, phenylglyoxylate). In vitro assays of SSA reductase activity in cell-free extracts from Arabidopisis revealed its presence throughout the plant, although its specific activity was considerably higher in leaves at all developmental stages and in reproductive parts than in roots. It is proposed that the enzyme functions in redox homeostasis and the detoxification of both glyoxylate and SSA, in planta, resulting in the production of glycolate and γ-hydroxybutyrate, respectively.
The genetics of childhood cancer (1975)

Retinoblastoma should not be considered as the exceptional childhood cancer that shows dominant inheritance, but rather as the typical childhood cancer that embraces a prezygotic and postzygotic subgroup. Postzygotic cases are conceived as involving mutation as a first step too, but with the mutation in somatic rather than germinal cells. In both prezygotic and postzygotic cases a second event, possibly mutational, occurs before the cancer is initiated. The embryonal cancers are all visualized as genetic disease, and their frequencies limited by gene mutability. This mutability can be increased by environmental agents. Prezygotic cases may develop other primary tumors in other tissues. They may also have affected family members, the probability of affected offspring approaching 50%. A diagnostic test to identify prezygotic cases among those with a single primary tumor and a negative family history is sorely needed.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Constrained Terminal and Internal Lactam Peptidomimetics (2004)

Lactams are key components of many peptidomimetic structures. Five- and six-membered lactam peptidomimetics with hydrogen or amino acid side chains at the alpha-position can be constructed from peptide precursors during a solid-phase synthesis. There is no significant racemization of remote stereocenters during synthesis.
Mutational analysis of regulated exocytosis in <i>Tetrahymena</i> (1998)

Genetic analysis of regulated exocytosis can be accomplished in ciliates, since mutants defective in stimulus-dependent secretion of dense-core vesicles can be identified. In Tetrahymena thermophila, secretion in wild-type cells can result in their encapsulation by the proteins released from vesicle cores. Cells with defects in secretion were isolated from mutagenized homozygous cells that were generated using a highly efficient method. Screening was based both on a visual assay for encapsulation, and on a novel panning step using differential centrifugation to take advantage of the selective mobility of mutants that fail to encapsulate upon stimulation. 18 mutants with defects in several ordered steps have been identified. Defects in a set of these could be localized to three stages: granule formation, transport to cell surface docking sites, and exocytosis itself. Mutants with defects in this last stage can be ordered into successive steps based on several criteria, including their responsiveness to multiple secretagogues and Ca2+ ionophores. The results of both somatic and genetic complementation on selected pairs also help to characterize the defective factors.
Eddy Formation in Obstructed Fluid Flow: A Molecular-Dynamics Study (1986)

Two-dimensional fluid flow past a circular obstacle has been simulated at the microscopic level by means of a molecular-dynamics approach. At sufficiently large Reynolds number the flow field is observed to exhibit characteristics common to real fluids, namely the appearance of eddies, periodic eddy separation, and an oscillatory wake. Very large systems---typically 160 000 particles---are required in order to provide adequate space for these flow patterns to develop.
A Survey of Low-Power Transceivers and Their Applications (2015)

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) energy efficiency and communication reliability are often conflicting requirements. Additionally, some application areas such as industrial automation or infrastructure monitoring impose strict latency bounds. Low-power receivers (<; 1 mW power consumption) together with adapted MAC protocols have the potential to meet these diverse requirements. We present an overview of state-of-the-art low-power receivers and relate their characteristics to requirements for different application areas. We compare low-power receivers to duty-cycled transceivers and present applications depending on them. For this, we use power consumption, sensitivity, and data rate as key performance figures for low-power receivers. Based on the characteristics of the applications we derive guidelines for using low-power receivers instead of duty-cycled transceivers.
Isolation and some properties of macrophage .alpha.-actinin: evidence that it is not an actin gelling protein (1984)

We have isolated an actin-binding protein from rabbit alveolar macrophages which by virtue of its physical properties we classify as a nonmuscle alpha-actinin. The protein consists of two subunits of Mr 103 000 and has a Stokes' radius of 7.26 nm and a sedimentation coefficient of 6.83 X 10(-13) s-1. Under the electron microscope, rotary-shadowed molecules appeared as short rods with an average length of 39.9 nm. We have examined the nature of the interaction of macrophage alpha-actinin with F-actin. The binding of radioiodinated macrophage alpha-actinin to F-actin is calcium sensitive. At a low concentration of free calcium (less than 10(-9) M), the binding affinity is 4.2 X 10(6) M-1 and is relatively unaffected by changes in temperature, while in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+, binding is reduced more than 5-fold. The stoichiometry of binding suggests that alpha-actinin binds all along the length of the actin filaments. The affinity of 45Ca2+ for macrophage alpha-actinin is 4 X 10(6) M-1 with a capacity of four calcium ions per molecule. Although macrophage alpha-actinin has calcium-inhibitable actin gelation activity at 7 degrees C, its effect on the apparent viscosity of F-actin decreases with increasing temperature, and at 37 degrees C, no gel point is observed. Therefore, at the temperature at which macrophages function in vivo, alpha-actinin probably does not promote the isotropic gelation of actin.
An introduction to mathematical cryptography (2009)

This self-contained introduction to modern cryptography emphasizes the mathematics behind the theory of public key cryptosystems and digital signature schemes. The book focuses on these key topics while developing the mathematical tools needed for the construction and security analysis of diverse cryptosystems. Only basic linear algebra is required of the reader; techniques from algebra, number theory, and probability are introduced and developed as required. This text provides an ideal introduction for mathematics and computer science students to the mathematical foundations of modern cryptography. The book includes an extensive bibliography and index; supplementary materials are available online. The book covers a variety of topics that are considered central to mathematical cryptography. Key topics include:classical cryptographic constructions, such as Diffie Hellmann key exchange, discrete logarithm-based cryptosystems, the RSA cryptosystem, and digital signatures;fundamental mathematical tools for cryptography, including primality testing, factorization algorithms, probability theory, information theory, and collision algorithms;an in-depth treatment of important cryptographic innovations, such as elliptic curves, elliptic curve and pairing-based cryptography, lattices, lattice-based cryptography, and the NTRU cryptosystem. The second edition of An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography includes a significant revision of the material on digital signatures, including an earlier introduction to RSA, Elgamal, and DSA signatures, and new material on lattice-based signatures and rejection sampling. Many sections have been rewritten or expanded for clarity, especially in the chapters on information theory, elliptic curves, and lattices, and the chapter of additional topics has been expanded to include sections on digital cash and homomorphic encryption. Numerous new exercises have been included.
Systemic autoimmune disease in asbestosis rapidly responding to anti-interleukin-1beta antibody canakinumab: a case report (2015)

This case suggests new perspectives for the treatment of asbestosis and its systemic features.
Targeted Agents: The Rules of Combination (2007)

The success of molecularly targeted agents (MTA) in the treatment of cancer has led to the investigation of their use in combination with other MTAs and with conventional chemotherapies. An overview of the MTAs that have emerged as Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs is presented, along with a framework for the consideration of how MTAs can best be combined to maximize therapeutic effect.
Selective requirements for NRP1 ligands during neurovascular patterning (2007)

Blood vessels and neurons share several types of guidance cues and cell surface receptors to control their behaviour during embryogenesis. The transmembrane protein NRP1 is present on blood vessels and nerves. NRP1 binds two structurally diverse ligands, the semaphorin SEMA3A and the VEGF164 isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor. SEMA3A was originally identified as a repulsive cue for developing axons that acts by signalling through receptor complexes containing NRP1 and plexins. In vitro, SEMA3A also inhibits integrin function and competes with VEGF164 for binding to NRP1 to modulate the migration of endothelial cells. These observations resulted in a widely accepted model of vascular patterning in which the balance of VEGF164 and SEMA3A determines endothelial cell behaviour. However, we now demonstrate that SEMA3A is not required for angiogenesis in the mouse, which instead is controlled by VEGF164. We find that SEMA3A, but not VEGF164, is required for axon patterning of limb nerves, even though the competition between VEGF164 and SEMA3A for NRP1 affects the migration of neuronal progenitor cells in vitro and has been hypothesised to control axon guidance. Moreover, we show that there is no genetic interaction between SEMA3A and VEGF164 during vasculogenesis, angiogenesis or limb axon patterning, suggesting that ligand competition for NRP1 binding cannot explain neurovascular congruence, as previously suggested. We conclude that NRP1 contributes to both neuronal and vascular patterning by preferentially relaying SEMA3A signals in peripheral axons and VEGF164 signals in blood vessels.
RFID Data Management: Challenges and Opportunities (2007)

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology promises to revolutionize the way we track items in supply chain, retail store, and asset management applications. The size and different characteristics of RFID data pose many interesting challenges in the current data management systems. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of RFID technology and highlight a few of the data management challenges that we believe are suitable topics for exploratory research.
Informed content delivery across adaptive overlay networks (2002)

Overlay networks have emerged as a powerful and highly flexible method for delivering content. We study how to optimize throughput of large transfers across richly connected, adaptive overlay networks, focusing on the potential of collaborative transfers between peers to supplement ongoing downloads. First, we make the case for an erasure-resilient encoding of the content. Using the digital fountain encoding approach, end-hosts can efficiently reconstruct the original content of size $n$ from a subset of any $n$ symbols drawn from a large universe of encoded symbols. Such an approach affords reliability and a substantial degree of application-level flexibility, as it seamlessly accommodates connection migration and parallel transfers while providing resilience to packet loss. However, since the sets of encoded symbols acquired by peers during downloads may overlap substantially, care must be taken to enable them to collaborate effectively. Our main contribution is a collection of useful algorithmic tools for efficient estimation, summarization, and approximate reconciliation of sets of symbols between pairs of collaborating peers, all of which keep message complexity and computation to a minimum. Through simulations and experiments on a prototype implementation, we demonstrate the performance benefits of our informed content delivery mechanisms and how they complement existing overlay network architectures.
Holography-Inspired Screens for Sub-Wavelength Focusing in the Near Field (2008)

Inspired by the principle of holography we present a concept for making simple transmission screens that can focus an incident wave into a sub-wavelength spot in the near field. The screen is made out of closely spaced, unequal slits cut on a metallic sheet. Fullwave simulations are presented for an example screen that focuses an incident plane wave down to a spot having a peak-to-null beamwidth equal to lambda/10 .