gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transform Nested Loops into MultiThread in Java Programming Language for Parallel Processing (1998)

It is necessary to find out the parallelism in tlle sequential Java program to execute it on the parallel machine. The loop is a fundamental source to exploit parallelism as it process a large portion of total execution time in sequential Java program on the parallel machine. However, a complete parallel execution can hardly be achieved due to data dependence. This paper proposes the method of exploiting the implicit parallelism by structuring a dependence graph through the analysis of data dependence in the existing Java programming language having a nested loop structure. The parallel code generation method through the restructuring compiler and also the translation method of Java source program into multithread statement. which is supported by the Java programming language itself, are proposed here. The perforance evaluatlun of the program translaed into the thread statement is conducted using the trip cunt of loop and the trip Count of luop and the thread count as parameters The resttucturing compiler provides efficient way of exploiting parallelism by reducing manual overhead conveliing sequential Java program into parallel code. The execution time for the Java program as a result can be reduced un the parallel machine
Recent advances in synthetic pharmacotherapies for dyslipidaemias (2019)

Despite the demonstrated benefits of statins and injectable biologics, there is a need for new and safe oral agents for addressing classical lipid targets, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). LDL-C is unquestionably causal in the development of atherogenesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but new options are required to address triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a). For hypercholesterolaemia, pitavastatin provides a very low dose and potent statin that does not adversely affect glucose metabolism; bempedoic acid acts at a biochemical step preceding hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and is not associated with muscular side effects. For hypertriglyceridaemia, pemafibrate displays a unique and selective agonist activity on peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α that does not elevate homocysteine or creatinine. Although omega-3 fatty acids supplementation is not effective in secondary prevention, high dose eicosapentaenoic ethyl ester can lead to a remarkable fall in first and recurrent events in high risk patients with hypertriglyceridaemia/low HDL-C. Gemcabene, a dicarboxylic acid regulating apolipoprotein B-100, is effective in reducing both cholesterol and triglycerides. Among cholesteryl ester transfer protein antagonists that elevate HDL-C, only anacetrapib reduces cardiovascular events. Probucol stimulates reverse cholesteryl ester transport, lowers LDL-C stabilizing plaques and may lower incidence of cardiovascular events. These agents, which act through novel mechanisms, afford good and potentially safe treatment choices that may increase adherence and the attainment of therapeutic targets.
Neutralization of HIV by Milk Expressed Antibody (2012)

These results suggest that it is possible to achieve functional HIV-specific mAb in the milk of transgenic mice, and further investigations are warranted to explore ways for inducing this type of antibody response in the breast milk of HIV-infected women.
Anticoagulant Activities of High and Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fractions (1979)

The anticoagulant activities of high and low molecular weight heparin fractions were measured by three assay methods, both in vitro, and after intravenous injection in volunteers. The low molecular weight (LMW) fraction had similar anti-Xa activity in vitro to the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction, but in APTT assays the HMW fraction was about twice as potent. After intravenous injection, the two fractions gave equal heparin levels by anti-Xa assays, but in APTT assays using synthetic substrate S-2222 gave about 20% lower levels than anti-Xa clotting assays for both heparins. Complete protamine neutralization of the post-injection heparin activity was found in APTT and synthetic substrate assays, but about 20% of the clotting anti-Xa effect could not be neutralized. Complete neutralization of the fractions by protamine was shown by all three assays in vitro. This non-neutralizable activity probably accounts for the difference between the anti-Xa clotting and synthetic substrate assays. Studies by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and affinity chromatography indicated that the antithrombin III binding properties of the two fractions were similar.
Text-based geolocation prediction of social media users with neural networks (2017)

Inferring the location of a user has been a valuable step for many applications that leverage social media, such as marketing, security monitoring and recommendation systems. Motivated by the recent success of Deep Learning techniques for many other tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing, we study the application of neural networks to the problem of geolocation prediction and experiment with multiple techniques to improve neural networks for geolocation inference based solely on text. Experimental results on three Twitter datasets suggest that choosing appropriate network architecture, activation function, and performing Batch Normalization, can all increase performance on this task.
A throughput scaling law for a class of wireless relay networks (2005)

In this paper we study coherent relaying in multi-antenna ad-hoc wireless networks. We suggest a one-hop relaying scheme suitable for multi-antenna relays; we demonstrate the value of employing multi-antenna transceivers in such coherent networks by deriving a scaling law that explicitly accounts for the same. We show that the throughput of such a network under the one-hop relaying protocol scales as R = /spl Phi/(L/spl radic/N), where N is the number of nodes in the network and L is the number of antennas at each node. We also study and quantify the effect of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the throughput of such coherent networks that depend centrally on the availability of CSI.
Optical Constants Of Thin Silver And Titanium Nitride Films (1986)

The optical constants of thin films of silver and titanium nitride have been obtained in the visible and near infrared spectral regions by the Nestell-Christy method. The silver films, 9-.27 nm thick, were prepared by d.c. magnetron sputtering at low pressures. It is found that the silver films, prepared at sputtering pressures below 2 mTorr, retain their bulk optical constants down to 13 nm film thickness. 5- 31 nm thick TiN films were depos-ited by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering on 4000C heated glass substrates. The substrate heating increased the IR reflectance of the film with preserved transmittance. The free-electron character of the thin TiN films is maintained in the thickness range 13- 31 nm, as is plain from the behaviour of the optical constants. A common observation for the Ag- and TiN-films is that a low refractive index in the visible is a more sensitive criterion on film quality than the extinction coefficient. From the Drude analysis in the infrared spectral region the free-electron plasma energies and relaxation times have been derived and comparison with previous data have been made. The present results are of interest for heat-mirror development and the performance parameters for such applications are calculated and discussed.
Background Subtraction for Temporally Irregular Dynamic Textures (2008)

In the traditional mixture of Gaussians background model, the generating process of each pixel is modeled as a mixture of Gaussians over color. Unfortunately, this model performs poorly when the background consists of dynamic textures such as trees waving in the wind and rippling water. To address this deficiency, researchers have recently looked to more complex and/or less compact representations of the background process. We propose a generalization of the MoG model that handles dynamic textures. In the context of background modeling, we achieve better, more accurate segmentations than the competing methods, using a model whose complexity grows with the underlying complexity of the scene (as any good model should), rather than the amount of time required to observe all aspects of the texture.
Features of Transmission EBSD and its Application (2013)

Features of transmission electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observation with a standard EBSD (s-EBSD) detector are surveyed in this study. Heavily deformed Al and 8Cr tempered martensite transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens were used for this study. It is shown that a specimen tilt angle of ~30°–40° in the opposite direction of the usual 70° and a smaller working distance in the range 4 mm–5 mm are recommended when using a s-EBSD detector. Specimen thickness and accelerating voltage (Acc.V) have a strong affect on the quality of transmission EBSD patterns and orientation maps. Higher Acc.Vs are generally recommended to get good quality orientation maps. In case of very thin specimens, lowering the Acc.Vs will give better results. In the observation of a thin film of an 8Cr tempered martensite steel specimen, it is confirmed that t-EBSD can provide images and detailed quantitative orientation data comparable with that obtained by TEM. It is also shown that small precipitates of Cr23C6 with sizes around 30 nm could be detected and their orientations measured.
The Effect of Oil Brine Ratio on Surfactant Adsorption From Microemulsions (1980)

ABSTRACT Static adsorption measurements of petroleum sulfonates on crushed Bell Creek and Berea cores were made utilizing fluids with the same active surfactant concentration but varying brine-to-oil mass ratios. The salinity of the brine was chosen such that a significant three-phase region existed in the oil/brine/surfactant/alcohol system. The surfactant adsorption was found to be independent of the structural and compositional differences among the fluids. A series of oil recovery tests in which middle-phase microemulsions were injected into waterflooded cores were also carried out. The cores utilized in these tests had been treated to remove divalent ions accessible to fluid flow. Microemulsion slugs (1.75 to 146 percent pore volume) of equal active surfactant concentration but differing brine-to-oil mass ratios were injected. The total surfactant retention for this system was also found to be independent of the brine-to-oil mass ratio.
Einde neue Semisynthese des Humanindulins. Tryptisch-katalysierte Transpeptidierung von Schweineinsulin mit L-Threonin-tert-butylester. (1981)

Article Einde neue Semisynthese des Humanindulins. Tryptisch-katalysierte Transpeptidierung von Schweineinsulin mit L-Threonin-tert-butylester. was published on January 1, 1981 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 362, issue 2).
Adsorption of proteins from artificial tear solutions to contact lens materials. (1988)

A series of polymers and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized in order to find surfaces that would adsorb minimal amounts of protein. The adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and immunoglobulin G from a three-way mixture of these proteins in isotonic buffered saline to the polymers was measured using 125I-labeled proteins. Apparently high protein uptake on copolymers rich in HEMA was found to be due to sorption of unbound 125I by the polymers. 125I sorption by the polymers was minimized by dialysis of the protein solution to remove unbound 125I iodide and inclusion of 0.01 M sodium iodide to block uptake of residual 125I iodide. Using these improved protocols, minimal total protein uptake was observed on copolymers containing 50% or more HEMA. The majority of adsorbed protein on all p(MMA-HEMA) polymers was albumin. Total protein uptake was greatest on pMMA. Commercial contact lenses composed of copolymers of HEMA and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) or acrylamide (AAm) adsorbed small amounts of all proteins whereas copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAAc) and HEMA adsorbed much larger quantities of lysozyme. These results indicate that protein uptake by contact lens materials varies greatly with polymer composition. Artifactually high "adsorption" can occur if precautions are not taken to prevent uptake of unbound 125I.
Tradeoffs from hedging oil pricerisk in Ecuador (1997)

The oil sector is critical to Ecuador's economy, contributing about 17 percent to the country's GDP. Ecuador began exporting crude oil in 1972 and over the past two and a half decades oil has become the country's most important sector. It is controlled by the government through the public enterprise, PETROECUADOR, which serves as the holding company for all state-owned petroleum operations. Movements in oil prices are of major concern to the government, and forecasts of oil prices are built into the government budget. Ecuador's macroeconomic performance depends on the oil sector's performance; shocks to the sector have economywide repercussions. The authors investigate methods to reduce risk for the country's oil exports through hedging in futures markets. They find that hedging Ecuadorian oil has significant potential for risk reduction. After simulating ex-ante cross hedges for 1991-96, they find that in each case ex-ante hedging effectively reduces risk. They calculate the tradeoffs between return and risk from hedging and find that for a risk-minimizing short hedger, a 1-percent reduction in risk would cost a reduction in return of 0.65 percent.
Predictors of selection of K65R (2004)

Over the past 5 years, 1846 HIV-infected patients underwent drug resistance testing at our institution. None out of 216 drug-naive subjects showed K65R. However, it was recognized in 53 out of 1630 antiretroviral-experienced patients (3.3%), of whom 10 had never been exposed to tenofovir. The rate of K65R increased from 0.6% in 1999 to 11.5% in 2004. The recognition of K65R correlated negatively with the presence of thymidine analogue mutations but positively with Q151M.
Direct Determination of Potassium-Sodium Activity Ratio in Soil Suspension with Two Ion-Selective Electrodes (1991)

A K+-selective electrode and a Na+-selective electrode were used to construct a measuring cell without liquid-junction for the determination of the ion activity ratio of K+ to Na+ in soil suspensions. The measured cell potential was not affected by the total electrolyte concentration when the total cation concentration was 10-1-10-3 mol L-1 and the concentration ratio CK+ / CNa+. was 10:1 to 1:50. When the concentration ratios were equal to 1and the total electrolyte concentrations were 10-2 and 10-3 mol L-1, the ion activity ratio measurement would not be affected by pH in the pH range of 3.5 to 11.5 and 4.4 to 11 respectively. Ions other than H+ have no remarkable influence on the measurement. The ion activity ratio of K+ to Na+ measured directly in soil suspension agree well with those in centrifuged supernant solution. The relative deviation was within 4%. From the measured ion activity ratio, the difference of the bonding energies of K+ and Na+ ions was calculated.
Glucose Transport and Glucose Transporters in Muscle and Their Metabolic Regulation (1990)

Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-dependent glucose uptake in vivo; therefore, glucose uptake by this tissue plays an important role in determining glycemia. Glucose uptake in muscle occurs by a system of facilitated diffusion involving at least two distinct glucose transporters, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. Both bind the fungal metabolite and inhibitor of glucose transport cytochalasin B. In human skeletal muscle, both types of transporters are detected immunologically, and corresponding mRNA transcripts of both transporter forms are detected. In human skeletal muscle cells in culture, in which contamination by other tissues is ruled out, a 50,000-Mr polypeptide is photolabeled with cytochalasin B. In rat skeletal muscle, acute treatment with insulin in vivo increases glucose-transport activity and the number of specific cytochalasin B-binding sites at the plasma membrane. In mildly diabetic (streptozocin-induced) rats, the number of cytochalasin B-binding sites is decreased in total membranes, and preferentially in the plasma membrane. In response to acute insulin treatment, however, there is still recruitment of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane from an intracellular membrane store. Hence, migration of transporters does occur in this form of diabetes. In L6 muscle cells in culture, acute treatment (1 h) with insulin causes recruitment of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane, and prolonged exposure to insulin or to glucose-deprived medium causes increased expression of GLUT-1 mRNA and GLUT-1 protein. Prolonged exposure (24 h) to high glucose in the medium causes a decrease in the number of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane. Hence, in those cells the expression of the GLUT-1 glucose transporter is modulated by insulin.
Multilayer optical storage disk based on the frequency up-conversion effect from rare-earth ions (2003)

Ho Pui HoThe Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Electronic EngineeringShatin, N.T.Hong Kong, ChinaW. W. WongS. Y. WuCity University of Hong KongDepartment of Electronic Engineering83 Tat Chee Avenue, KowloonHong Kong, ChinaAbstract. We present a multilayered optical storage disk design basedon the use of frequency up-conversion in rare earth. This design offersthe potential of increased optical storage density. In our experiment, athree-layered sample is prepared by stacking three sections of a thinglass slide on which stripes of Ho
Rice Prolamine Protein Body Biogenesis: A BiP-Mediated Process (1993)

Rice prolamines are sequestered within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen even though they lack a lumenal retention signal. Immunochemical and biochemical data show that BiP, a protein that binds lumenal polypeptides, is localized on the surface of the aggregated prolamine protein bodies (PBs). BiP also forms complexes with nascent chains of prolamines in polyribosomes and with free prolamines with distinct adenosine triphosphate sensitivities. Thus, BiP retains prolamines in the lumen by facilitating their folding and assembly into PBs.
Production and Characterization of Recombinant Active Mouse Gelatinase B from Eukaryotic Cells and <i>in vivo</i> Effects after Intravenous Administration (1997)

Gelatinase B is a matrix metalloproteinase involved in tissue remodelling. When mouse cells are triggered in vitro with interleukin-1, bacterial endotoxin, virus-mimicking double-stranded RNA or cytokine inducers, they produce gelatinase B. To test the effects of gelatinase B in vivo, the enzyme was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Hybrid genomic DNA-cDNA constructs under the control of two constitutive viral promoters were generated by PCR-mediated exon amplification. In vitro transcription and translation of the mRNA in reticulocyte lysate yielded the correct 79-kDa protein, and expression in CHO cells resulted in an intact glycosylated 110-kDa gelatinase B which was enzymically active. However, the production yields of recombinant enzyme from 50 tested clones were low and cell-culture supernatants contained significant amounts of copurifiable endogenous CHO gelatinase B. Therefore, the enzyme was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Recombinant proenzyme was secreted and recovered from the yeast culture medium at 10 mg/l. Amino-terminal sequence analysis indicated that affinity purification of the recombinant protein on gelatin-Sepharose yielded the expected N-glycosylated proenzyme form (110 kDa) in addition to an amino-terminally truncated unglycosylated variant (69 kDa). Both forms had gelatinolytic activity on zymography. The recombinant mouse gelatinase B was used to determine its pharmacokinetics and its haematological effects in vivo. After intravenous injection in rabbits, gelatinase B disappeared from the circulation within 6 h. In addition to a transient leukopenia, we observed a rapid increase in leukocytosis, which indicates that gelatinase B might be a factor involved in the desorption of adherent leukocytes from the vascular bed and in the release of leukocytes from the bone marrow. Gelatinase B secretion and activation might well be one of the crucial molecular mechanisms explaining leukocytosis which is associated with infections and almost all types of inflammation.
Synthesis, morphology and optoelectronic properties of tris[(N-ethylcarbazolyl)(3′,5′-hexyloxybenzoyl)methane](phenanthroline)- europium (2000)

The complex tris[1(N-ethylcarbazolyl)(3′,5′-hexyloxybenzoyl)methane](phenanthroline)europium 1 incorporates a phenanthroline ligand for electron transport and a carbazole fragment in the diketonate ligand for hole transport; furthermore, the six hexyloxy groups prevent crystallization and allow for the formation of transparent clear films directly from solution; the photoluminescence from films of 1 is nearly monochromatic, characteristic of the europium ion and proceeds with an efficiency of 50(3)%; light emitting diodes(LEDs) were fabricated using the simplest possible device architecture comprising an anode (ITO), a layer of 1 and a cathode (Ca); a second LED configuration with a PVK layer on top of the ITO was also investigated; the performance of the two types of devices is discussed.
The framing of orthorexia nervosa in Swedish daily newspapers : A longitudinal qualitative content analysis (2016)

This study explored and elucidated how orthorexia is framed in Swedish daily newspapers with a focus on characteristics of orthorexia. Key questions include: 1) how do the newspaper articles connect exercise with orthorexia? and 2) what trends in depicting exercise in relation to orthorexia do the newspaper articles represent over time? The method used was a longitudinal qualitative content analysis guided by the framing theory. We analyzed 166 articles published between 1998 and 2013. Our analysis revealed that orthorexia originally was framed as an eating disorder and subsequently included unhealthy exercise. Two trend shifts could be identified: in 2004, exercise was added as an element and in 2013 extreme exercise trends were described to influence the increase of orthorexia. The findings indicate that Swedish newspapers extend Bratman’s definition and depict orthorexia indiscriminately to describe a range of different behavioral characteristics. These results are discussed in terms of the idea of “healthism” and general health trends in society.
Proofreading in Vivo (1995)

Editing reactions are an essential part of biological information transfer processes that require high accuracy, such as replication, transcription, and translation. The editing in amino acid selection for protein synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, the first proofreading process discovered in the flow of genetic information, prevents attachment of incorrect amino acids to tRNA. Of numerous editing reactions studied in vitro, only one, editing of homocysteine by methionyl-tRNA synthetase, has also been demonstrated in vivo. It is therefore unclear to what extent editing of errors is physiologically relevant. Here we show that isoleucyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases also edit homocysteine by cyclizing it to homocysteine thiolactone in the bacterium Escherichia coli. These and other data also suggest that metabolite compartmentation or channeling governs which synthetase participates in editing in bacterial cells.