gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of linalool, a lavender extract, in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. (2008)

The purpose of our study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of linalool and its potential interaction with the GABAA receptor in Sprague-Dawley rats. Lavender has been used traditionally as an herbal remedy in the treatment of many medical conditions, including anxiety. Linalool is a major component of the essential oil of lavender. Forty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: control, linalool, midazolam (positive control), and flumazenil and linalool. The behavioral and the neurohormonal/physiological components of anxiety were evaluated. The behavioral component was examined by using the elevated plus maze (open arm time/total time) and the neurohormonal/physiological component by measuring serum catecholamine and corticosterone levels. Data analysis was performed using a 2-tailed Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Sheffe post-hoc test. Our data suggest that linalool does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA receptor; however, linalool may modulate motor movements and locomotion.
Selective overproduction of adenosine deaminase in cultured mouse cells. (1983)

The objective of this work was to isolate cultured mouse cells with amplified adenosine deaminase genes. Such cell lines should be very useful in an effort to obtain the protein and nucleic acid probes required to study adenosine deaminase gene structure and regulation. Since adenosine deaminase expression is not required for growth of cells in culture, the first step necessary to isolate adenosine deaminase gene amplification mutants was to devise selective conditions in which adenosine deaminase activity was required for survival. This was accomplished by developing a new selection system, termed 11AAU, which selected simultaneously for adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase. The 11AAU selection medium consists of alanosine (0.05 mM) to block de novo AMP biosynthesis, adenosine (1.1 mM) to provide a salvage route for AMP biosynthesis via the adenosine kinase reaction, and uridine (1.0 mM) to alleviate the block in UMP biosynthesis caused by adenosine at the concentration employed. Because adenosine is highly cytotoxic at 1.1 mM, adenosine deaminase expression is required to detoxify excess adenosine by converting it to inosine. We used 11AAU selection in conjunction with stepwise selection for increasing resistance to deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, to obtain highly drug-resistant cells with a 6000-fold increase in adenosine deaminase activity. Adenosine deaminase accounted for approximately 50% of the soluble protein in highly drug-resistant lines and was indistinguishable from that in the parent as judged by isoelectric focusing, electrophoretic mobility on starch gels, and by deoxycoformycin binding studies. Increased adenosine deaminase was also correlated with the presence of numerous double-minutes, cytogenetic structures indicating the presence of amplified DNA. Growth in the absence of selection was accompanied with the loss of double-minutes and a ten-fold decline in adenosine deaminase levels. Based on the stepwise selection protocol employed, the instability of the phenotype, and the presence of double-minutes, we believe that the increased adenosine deaminase is most likely the result of amplification of adenosine deaminase genes.
POWER ESTIMATION AND OPTIMIZATION AT THE LOGIC LEVEL (1994)

This paper describes various approaches for power analysis and minimization at the logic level including, amongst others, pattern-independent probabilistic and symbolic simulation techniques for power estimation and low-power techniques for state assignment, logic restructuring, logic decomposition, technology mapping and pin ordering.
Ghrelin - a new endogenous growth hormone secretagogue (2002)

Ghrelin is a new endogenous peptide, discovered in 1999 by Kojima et al., as the result of a search for an endogenous ligand for an orphan receptor of known structure and function. Ghrelin is composed of 28 amino acids and is produced mostly by cells of the stomach, hypothalamus, and hypophysis, but it has also been detected in other tissues. Its discovery is related to the development of a new hypothesis regarding the regulation of growth hormone secretion. It is an antagonist of somatostatin. Ghrelin activates the release of growth hormone from the somatotrophic cells of the hypophysis. It participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis, increases food intake, decreases energy output and exerts a lipogenetic effect. Its metabolic effects do not depend on the GH/IGF-I system, but are mediated by the NPY/Y1 and AGRP receptor system. Ghrelin influences the secretion and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach. The presence of ghrelin and its receptors has also been demonstrated in many other tissues. Its function in these tissues has not yet been studied, thus providing many possibilities for further research.
Stand der Technik bei mikrofluidischen Aktoren (1996)

The requirements for modern actuators with respect to system capability, decentralized intelligence and miniaturization as well as energy consumption continue to rise. In many cases microsystem technology can contribute to meet the challenges of this trend by offering innovative solutions. The goal of the VDE/VDI-GMM technical comittee >Microactuators< is to combine current resources in the field of microactuators and to present up-to-date development trends and products as well as the state-of-the-art.
Polymere acroleine, I. Mitt. Untersuchungen über die polymerisation des acroleins. (1955)

Abstract Unter der Einwirkung typischer Polymerisations‐Katalysatoren wie z. B. Azoisobuttersäurenitril, Peroxyde, Redox‐Systeme, metallorganische Verbindungen und Friedel‐Crafts‐Katalysatoren geht Acrolein in polymere Produkte über. Deren physikalische Eigenschaften (thermische Beständigkeit, Viskosität der Lösungen u. a.) hängen von den Polymerisationsbedingungen ab. Einige der erhaltenen polymeren Produkte unterscheiden sich deutlich von den bisher bekannten Polyacroleinen.
A multilevel parasitic interconnect capacitance modeling and extraction for reliable VLSI on-chip clock delay evaluation (1998)

This paper describes fringing and coupling interconnect capacitance models which include the nonlinear second-order effects of field interactions among multilevel parasitic interconnects for accurate circuit simulations. They are fitted well with numerical solutions by using a Poisson equation solver. A reliable parasitic distributed resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) extraction method is identified by using the solver with the bounded local three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analysis to reduce excessive central processing unit (CPU) time compared to full 3-D numerical simulation. We investigate the impact of input slew variations on the traversal clock delay within the slow ramp region of the driver gate as well as in the extracted parasitic interconnect networks. Input slew is found to be a dominant factor affecting clock delay sensitivity. In addition, we use indirect on-chip electron beam probing to confirm that the simulated clock delays are in reasonable agreement with the measured delays.
Aminosugars. XXV. Synthesis of Benzyl 2-Acetamido-2-amino-2,3,4-trideoxy-α-<scp>d</scp>-<i>arabino</i>-hexopyranoside (1976)

Abstract As the attempted substitution of methyl 4-deoxy-2,3-di-O-mesyl-6-O-trityl-α-d-xylo-hexopyranoside with sodium azide gave the unsaturated compound: methyl 2,3,4-trideoxy-6-O-trityl-α-d-glycero-hex-2-enopyranoside (4), benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-d-mannopyranoside was used as the starting material, which was converted into benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-mesyl-6-O-trityl-α-d-mannopyranoside (10). For the deoxygenation of C-4 position, chlorination of 10 with sulfuryl chloride gave unexpectedly benzyl 3′-O-mesyl-6′-O-trityl-α-d-talopyranosid [2′,3′,4′; 4,5,6]-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-6H-oxazine, due to the anchimeric effect of the C2-axial acetamido group. However, previous change of the conformation of 10 by the substitution of C3-mesyl group with azido group gave successfully the corresponding chloro derivative (13). Reduction of 13 with tributyltin hydride gave the corresponding 3,4-epimino derivative (14), due to participation of initially hydrogenated azido group, but, catalytic hydrogenation of 14 gave the title compound as the main product.
A SURVEY ON PATTERN RECOGNITION APPLICATIONS OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES (2003)

In this paper, we present a survey on pattern recognition applications of Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Since SVMs show good generalization performance on many real-life data and the approach is properly motivated theoretically, it has been applied to wide range of applications. This paper describes a brief introduction of SVMs and summarizes its various pattern recognition applications.
Long-term prevention of virus recurrence among recipients with HBV active replication following liver transplantation (2009)

Objective To investigate the long-term prophylactic outcome in recipients with HBV active replication under LAM or/and HBIG prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Methods The liver biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected during the follow-up. ELISA and chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay, HBV-DNA fluorescent quantification, immunohisto-chemisty and HBV-DNA in situ hybridization were performed for analysis. The alteration of HBV markers in serial biopsy and sera of 55 recipients were investigated retrospectively. Results The mean time of follow-up was 69.14 months. Twelve cases had hepatitis B virus reinfection after transplanta-tion. The accumulated ratio of hepatitis B virus reinfection was 4.8%(2/42)in LAM+ HBIG group and 76.9%(10/13) in LAM monopropyhlaxis group (P=0.000). The 1-,2-,3- and 4-y survival rates in combined prophylaxis group were 100%, 97.1%, 92.7% and 92.7%, respectively. The 1-,2-,3- and 4-yr survival rates in LAM mono prophylaxis group were 76.9%, 69.2%, 53.8% and 46.2&, re-spectively (P=0.000). The rates of hepatitis B virus reinfection in combination prophylaxis group (1-,2-,3- and 4-yr recurrence rates of 2.4%, 2.4%, 2.4% and 8.5%, respectively) was markedly lower than those in mono prophylaxis group(1-, 2-, 3- and 4-yr recurrence rates of 16.1%, 41.3 %, 66.4% and 66.4%, respectively)(P=0.000). Conclusion Currently HBIG combined with LAM is an optimal prophylatic protocol to reduce the hepatitis B virus reinfection rate. However, poor compli-ance of recipients to a prescribed course of prophylaxis as well as viral status itself is still the main cause of hepatitis B virus reinfection after liver transplantation in China. Compliance education and ad-justing the prophyiatic protocols according to the viral alteration after liver transplantation may help to further decrease the hepatitis B virus reinfection rate.

Key words: 
Liver transplantation;  HBV marker;  Reinfection
Role of Machine Learning in Software Testing (2021)

Software reliability and robustness is the main objective to perform testing of the software. Now the machine learning approaches are used to develop applications in almost every area like health care, business prediction, etc. The testing of such type of software by using the conventional testing techniques does not give promising results. The testing techniques based on machine learning helps to produce reliable and robust software within time and allocated budget. In this paper the role of the machine learning algorithms in the design of testing approaches for testing the software has been presented. The machine learning-based testing techniques are used in the generation and execution order of the test cases. The outcomes of the machine learning based techniques showing the efficacy as compared to the other techniques.
Screening and Treatment to Prevent Sequelae in Women with<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Genital Infection: How Much Do We Know? (2010)

Additional studies of the effectiveness of chlamydia screening would be valuable; feasible study designs may depend on the degree to which screening programs are already established. In addition, better natural history data on the timing of tubal inflammation and damage after C. trachomatis infection and development of more accurate, noninvasive tools to assess chlamydial sequelae are essential to informing chlamydia control efforts.
Kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation on single-crystal palladium, platinum, and iridium (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation on single-crystal palladium, platinum, and iridiumPaul J. Berlowitz, Charles H. F. Peden, and D. Wayne GoodmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 18, 5213–5221Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100329a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j100329a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2059Altmetric-Citations300LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Novel channel estimation method based on PN sequence reconstruction for Chinese DTTB system (2008)

Digital television/terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), announced as the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard, uses pseudo-noise (PN) sequence as guard interval (GI) and the training sequence for both multi- and single-carrier block transmissions. The conventional channel estimation methods can be performed through either the subtraction of the PN sequence or the cancellation of residual inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this paper, a novel iterative method is introduced to estimate the overlapping part of PN sequence, meanwhile the channel impulse response (CIR) estimation can be obtained and updated via the reconstruction of the PN sequence in an iterative manner. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the ISI and improve the symbol error rata (SER) of DTMB system over slowvarying broadcasting multipath channel even with long delay spread. In practice, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the DTMB receiver-chip directly with low-complexity cost.
Plasma density measurement of RF ion source (2005)

For a radiofrequency (27.12 MHz) inductively coupled ion source (3 cm diameter, 7 cm long, without external magnetic field, working gas-hydrogen, helium, argon), measurements of the average plasma density were made using an 8 mm microwave interferometer. The range of neutral gas pressure is 2-30 mTorr and RF-power is in the range 20-400 W. It is found that the plasma density increases with increased gas pressure and RF-power. A global discharge model is applied to relate the electron densities and the electron temperature in an argon plasma to the pressure and input power ranges of interest. The model calculations are compared to measured plasma density, showing fair agreement.
In Vitro Immunization for the Generation of Hybridomas Using Serum-Free Medium (1987)

No one engaged in research in the biological sciences is unaware of the impact that monoclonal antibodies have had as research tools. These proteins recognize specific sites on a single antigen and often bind to these sites with high affinity. Because of this, researchers have found many uses for monoclonal antibodies, including their application in immunoassays (1), purification or identification of cellular proteins (2,3), and studies of enzyme action (4). The significance of monoclonal antibodies was recently acknowledged when the 1984 Nobel prize was shared by the co-inventors of the B-B-cell hybridoma, Kohler and Milstein (5). As the commercial applications of monoclonal antibodies begin to grow, newer and better techniques for hybridoma formation will be necessary to meet the demand for antibodies with unique, well-defined specificities and distinctive immunological and physical properties. One approach to the improvement of hybridoma formation techniques is to attempt to define the components and reaction conditions that result in maximal formation of antibody-secreting hybridomas. Until recently, all aspects of in vitro immunization and hybridoma formation have involved an ill-defined component—animal serum, usually fetal bovine serum.
Acid Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal Ash: Implications for Using Fluidized Bed Combustion To Assist in the Recovery of Critical Materials (2019)

High-temperature pretreatment of coal-based mineral matter in an oxidizing environment significantly enhances the leaching characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs). A research study has found that the temperatures used in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) of coal to produce electricity are near optimum for pretreating the associated mineral matter prior to leaching to maximize the recovery of critical materials. Tests were performed on representative samples collected from preparation plants treating West Kentucky No. 13, Illinois No. 6, and Fire Clay coal seam sources as well as fly ash and bed ash samples from two FBC power plants. Acid leaching tests using 1.2 M HCl at 75 °C were performed on both the coal and the FBC ash samples. Prior to leaching, the coal samples were pretreated at temperatures of 600, 750, and 900 °C in an oxidizing environment to study the effect on leaching characteristics. The results showed that pretreatment at 600 °C for 2 h resulted in a significant increase in REE recovery from a range of 20–40 to ∼80% for all coal sources. The leaching kinetics is characterized by a quick release of rare earth elements within the first few minutes of the process. For the West Kentucky No. 13 coal source, ∼75% of the REEs were leached in the first 15 min from the 1.4–1.8 specific gravity (SG) fraction that was calcined at 600 °C. Additionally, the leaching kinetics of the major contaminant, that is, Fe, was much lower than that of the REEs, which significantly benefits the efficiency of leaching and the downstream upgrading processes. REE leaching characteristics of the FBC ash samples were similar to those of the calcined coals. Mineralogy characterization showed that the degree of crystallinity for both the calcined coal and FBC samples was similar to the original associated mineral matter, which provided evidence for the advantage of using the FBC byproducts as REE feedstocks over pulverized coal boilers that utilize temperatures greater than 1200 °C. These findings were used to develop a conceptual flowsheet that incorporates FBC technology and its typical combustion environment to enhance the feasibility of recovering critical materials from coal-based sources.
Density, Viscosity, and Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub> in Aqueous Solutions of 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (2002)

The densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (AHPD) were measured over the temperature range from (303.15 to 343.15) K and at the AHPD concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) mass %. The solubilities of carbon dioxide in aqueous AHPD solutions were also measured at (313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K over partial pressures of carbon dioxide ranging from (1 to 2000) kPa. The concentrations of aqueous AHPD solutions were (10 and 20) mass %. The thermodynamic characteristics of aqueous AHPD solution as a potential CO2 absorbent were identified through measurements of these three key properties.
DNSSEC in Practice: Using DNSSEC-Tools to Deploy DNSSEC (2009)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the core infrastructure components of the Internet. DNS data is also trivial to spoof. The security extensions to DNS (DNSSEC) provide a mechanism for users to verify the origin authenticity and integrity of DNS data based on cryptographic signatures. DNSSEC as a technology has steadily matured over the past several years and a number of tools and services that facilitate performing DNSSEC-related operations have emerged during this period. This paper gives an overview of using existing tools and utilities from the DNSSEC-Tools 1 suite to build environments that support DNSSEC along the complete path from the authoritative name server where domain data resides to the end-application that uses DNS data.
3D point cloud map based vehicle localization using stereo camera (2017)

Nowadays, the driverless automobiles have become a near reality and are going to become widely available. For autonomous navigation, the vehicles need to precise localize itself within a pre-defined map. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for the problem of three-dimensional (3D) point cloud map (PCL) based localization using a stereo camera. This 3D point cloud map consists of dense 3D geometric information and intensity measures of surface reflectivity value generated by the 3D light detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanner based mapping system. Although some LIDAR based localization algorithms have been proposed, in this paper we present a comparable centimeter-level accuracy localization algorithm using much cheaper and commodity stereo camera. Specifically, at each candidate position we transform the 3D data points from the real-world coordinate system to the camera coordinate system and synthetic the virtual depth and intensity images from the 3D PCL map. We localize the ego vehicle by estimating the transformation between the real-world and vehicle coordinates in each frame by matching these virtual images with the stereo depth and intensity images. In the experiment part, we show that although the 3D map was generated 3 years ago, the proposed algorithm still can produce reliable localization results even in many difficult cases, such as shadow, dynamic objects, new lane marker and night.
A comparison of two text representations for sentiment analysis (2010)

This paper compares two representations of text within the same experimental setting for sentiment orientation analysis, and in particular focuses on the sensitivity of the analysis to sentence length. The two representations compared in this paper are bag-of-words (BoW) and nine dimensional vector (9Dim). The former represents text with a high dimensional feature vector, which ignores grammatical structure and is lexicon-dependent. In contrast, the 9Dim representation encodes grammatical knowledge of clauses in sentences into a compact nine dimensional vector, which is lexicon-independent. Text is composed by multiple sentences since the grammatical structure of a single sentence or clause may not provide sufficient information for sentiment orientation classification. A convenient way to enrich grammatical knowledge in a text is to compose the text with multi-sentences, thereby lengthening the sample. We consider the length of text is an important factor in text classification. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how text sentiment orientation classifiers' performance is improved when the length of the sentence comprising a training vector is varied. The experimental results indicated that the accuracy of the classifiers benefits from the increasing of the text's length, and the results also illustrated that the 9Dim method can provide comparable results to BoW under the same sentiment classification algorithm, support vector machines (SVM).