gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-  treatment (2009)

In all, 104 of the 263 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were anemic. Age, gender and azathioprine treatment had no influence on anemia. The prevalence of anemia was highest at diagnosis (65%), decreased during the first 4 years after disease onset, and was stable thereafter. Active disease was associated with higher rates of anemia. At diagnosis most anemic patients had anemia of chronic disease; during follow-up iron deficiency and multifactorial forms of anemia became more prevalent. Eighteen of 27 patients undergoing treatment with infliximab were anemic; most of them had anemia of chronic disease. Infliximab reduced disease activity and improved anemia in 12 patients. This was mediated by an increased production of erythropoietin for the degree of anemia. In vitro infliximab increased the growth of erythroid progenitors from the peripheral blood of patients with active disease. Conclusions Anemia is a common problem in out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease; the prevalence and severity of anemia are related to the activity of the bowel disorder. The pathogenesis of anemia changes during the course of the disease, with anemia of chronic disease having a major role at diagnosis and iron deficiency and multifactorial forms of anemia during follow-up. In patients requiring anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment, response to therapy improves erythropoiesis.
ATP-independent Fatty Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthesis from Phospholipid (2001)

CoA-dependent transacylation activity in microsomes is known to catalyze the transfer of fatty acids between phospholipids and lysophospholipids in the presence of CoA without the generation of free fatty acids. We previously found a novel acyl-CoA synthetic pathway, ATP-independent acyl-CoA synthesis from phospholipids. We proposed that: 1) the ATP-independent acyl-CoA synthesis is due to the reverse reaction of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases and 2) the reverse and forward reactions of acyltransferases can combine to form a CoA-dependent transacylation system. To test these proposals, we examined whether or not recombinant mouse acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid, LPA) acyltransferase (LPAAT) could catalyze ATP-independent acyl-CoA synthetic activity and CoA-dependent transacylation activity. ATP-independent acyl-CoA synthesis was indeed found in the membrane fraction from Escherichia coli cells expressing mouse LPAAT, whereas negligible activity was observed in mock-transfected cells. Phosphatidic acid (PA), but not free fatty acids, served as an acyl donor for the reaction, and LPA was formed from PA in a CoA-dependent manner during acyl-CoA synthesis. These results indicate that the ATP-independent acyl-CoA synthesis was due to the reverse reaction of LPAAT. In addition, bacterial membranes containing LPAAT catalyzed CoA-dependent acylation of LPA; PA but not free fatty acid served as an acyl donor. These results indicate that the CoA-dependent transacylation of LPA consists of 1) acyl-CoA synthesis from PA through the reverse action of LPAAT and 2) the transfer of the fatty acyl moiety of the newly formed acyl-CoA to LPA through the forward reaction of LPAAT.
Structural Requirements of Guanide, Biguanide, and Bisbiguanide Agents for Antiplaque Activity (1977)

The bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaque-forming) microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and A. naeslundii. The activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. These studies indicated that the bis- and biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. No structural moiety determined efficacy by itself. Furthermore, the activities of these agents were studied to determine the minimal conditions (concentration, duration, and frequency) of treatment required for likely clinical efficacy. At least six agents were judged to have equal or greater efficacy than the reference agent, chlorhexidine digluconate. A plaque bactericidal index was derived for the most potent agents, and comparison to the bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine was expressed as a chlorhexidine coefficient.
Topical Review: Skin Infections in the Foot and Ankle Patient (2012)

There are numerous cutaneous disorders that affect the foot, but of these conditions skin infections have the most significant impact on overall patient morbidity and clinical outcome. Skin infections in foot and ankle patients are common, with often devastating consequences if left unrecognized and untreated in both surgical and nonsurgical cases. There is a diverse array of infectious dermatoses that afflict the foot and ankle patient including tinea pedis, onychomycosis, paronychia, pitted keratolysis, verruca, folliculitis, and erysipelas. Prompt diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these common infectious conditions are critical in managing these dermatoses that can potentially progress to form deep abscesses and osteomyelitis. Infections can be managed with a combination of ventilated shoewear and synthetic substances to keep the feet dry, topical and oral antimicrobial agents, and patient education regarding preventative hygiene measures. The purpose of this review is to aid foot and ankle surgeons and other physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious dermatoses affecting the foot.
N-(phthalimidoalkyl) derivatives of serotonergic agents: a common interaction at 5-HT1A serotonin binding sites? (1989)

Several classes of agents are known to bind at central 5-HT1A serotonin sites In order to challenge the hypothesis that these agents bind in a relatively similar manner (i.e., share common aryl and terminal amine sites), we prepared N-(phthalimidobutyl) derivatives of examples of several such agents. With regard to arylpiperazines, we had previously shown that introduction of this functionality at the terminal amine is tolerated by the receptor and normally results in a significant (greater than 10-fold) enhancement in affinity. The results of the present study show that this bulky functionality is also tolerated by the receptor when incorporated into examples of all other major classes of 5-HT1A agents (e.g., 2-aminotetralin, phenylalklamine, indolylalkylamine, and (aryloxy)alkylamine derivatives). The length of the alkyl chain that separates the terminal amine from the phthalimido group is of major importance, and a four-carbon chain appears optimal. Alteration of the length of this chain can have a significant influence on affinity; decreasing the chain length from four to three carbon atoms can reduce affinity by an order of magnitude, and further shortening can have an even more pronounced effect.
Biomechanical Analysis of Military Boots. Phase 3. Recommendations for the Design of Future Military Boots. (1996)

Abstract : This report contains a series of recommendations for the design of future military footwear. The recommendations relate to shock attenuation, midsole stiffness, medio-lateral stability, and upper construction. Approaches for implementing the recommendations, including material selection and construction techniques, are discussed. The recommendations are based upon findings from a two-phase research program to assess the biomechanical properties of boots presently used by military personnel. The military boots used in the research were the black leather combat boot and the hot weather boot. Commercial sport shoes and boots also were tested. These included a cross trainer, a work boot, a basketball shoe and a hiking boot. In Phase I, the military and commercial footwear items were subjected to materials tests that included measures of impact, flexibility, stability, resistance of the outer sole to wear, water penetration, and frictional properties of the outsole. In Phase II, men and women wore the footwear while walking, marching, running, jumping from heights and running an agility course. The data acquired included ground reaction forces, in-shoe pressures, sagittal plane kinematics, rearfoot movement, leg muscle activity, metabolic rate, and heart rate. The findings from Phase I (NATICK/TR-93/006), and Phase II VOL I (NATICK/TR-96/Oll) and Phase II VOL II (NATICK/TR-96/Ol2) are summarized and presented with the recommendations.
Morphology and properties of sputtered (Ti,Al)N layers on high speed steel substrates as a function of deposition temperature and sputtering atmosphere (1986)

(Ti,Al)N layers were prepared by reactive dc and radio‐frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering onto polished flat high speed steel (HSS) surfaces. The rectangular samples were mounted on a special sample holder providing a temperature gradient in the range of 500 °C to room temperature along the length of the sample. The (Ti,Al)N layers were deposited at various N2 and Ar pressures. The target was a Ti–50 at. % Al alloy. The film morphology and composition was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), respectively, and correlated to mechanical properties like hardness and critical load (scratch test). The results are discussed with the respect of the sputtering conditions.
Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to WordNet Senses (1995)

Word groupings useful for language processing tasks are increasingly available, as thesauri appear on-line, and as distributional word clustering techniques improve. However, for many tasks, one is interested in relationships among word {\em senses}, not words. This paper presents a method for automatic sense disambiguation of nouns appearing within sets of related nouns --- the kind of data one finds in on-line thesauri, or as the output of distributional clustering algorithms. Disambiguation is performed with respect to WordNet senses, which are fairly fine-grained; however, the method also permits the assignment of higher-level WordNet categories rather than sense labels. The method is illustrated primarily by example, though results of a more rigorous evaluation are also presented.
The effects of grinding and drying on the solid state stability of sodium prasterone sulfate. (1982)

The effects of grinding and drying (removal of water of crystallization) processes on the solid state stability of sodium prasterone sulfate (DHA·SO3Na·2H2O) were studied. As the grinding time was increased, the sample became more unstable. From the study of the thermal behavior of the water of crystallization, it was suggested that the bonding force between the water of crystallization and DHA·SO3Na molecule within the hydrate crystal was weakened by grinding, and water molecules participated in the hydrolysis of DHA·SO3Na more easily. Although DHA·SO3Na was found to be hydrolyzed, the ground DHA·SO3Na·2H2O was more stable under conditions of high humidity than low humidity. This result is very interesting, and it was considered that the bonding force between the water of crystallization and DHA·SO3Na molecule was strengthened in conditions of high humidity. The dehydration of DHA·SO3Na·2H2O resulted in a higher disorder of the crystal structure and water molecules were sufficiently free to participate in a solid state hydrolytic reaction. Therefore, partially dehydrated DHA·SO3Na·2H2O decomposed easily. After almost complete removal of the water of crystallization, the sample was relatively stable, since it contained few water molecules which could participate in hydrolysis. The dihydrate form was the most stable.
Highly transparent Pt ohmic contact to InGaN / GaN blue light - emitting diodes (2000)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diode (LED) with a highly transparent Pt ohmic contact as a current spreading layer. The value of light transmittance of a Pt thin film with a thickness of 8 ㎚ on p-GaN was measured to be 85% at 450 ㎚. The peak wavelength and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the LED at 20 ㎃ were 453 ㎚ and 23 ㎚, respectively. Pt-contacted LEDs show good electrical properties and high light-output efficiency compared to Ni/Au-contacted ones. These results suggest that a Pt thin film can be used as an effective current spreading layer with high light-transparency.
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerol Molecular Species in an Oleaginous Fungus, Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora (2002)

The incorporation of radiolabeled lipid precursors into triacylglycerol (TG) molecular species in Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora, an oleaginous fungus, was studied to determine the biosynthetic pathways for TG molecular species. Radiolabeled TG molecular species were separated and quantified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a radioisotope detector. The major TG molecular species labeled by [1-(14)C]oleic acid at 30 degrees C were OOP, OOO, and OPP (TG molecular species designations represent three constituent acyl groups. G, gamma-linolenic acid; L, linoleic acid; O, oleic acid; S, stearic acid; P, palmitic acid), which were abundant TG molecular species in this fungus. The incorporation of [1-(14)C]oleic acid at 15 degrees C into these molecular species was the same, while that into most other species was decreased, suggesting that biosynthesis of major molecular species such as OOP, OOO, and OPP differs from that of other TG molecular species. [1-(14)C]Linoleic acid incorporation indicated that the major labeled molecular species were LOP and LOO, which may be due to acylation of oleoyl, palmitoyl-glycerol, or dioleoyl-glycerol by exogenous linoleic acid. This is basically the same mechanism as for OOP and OOO biosynthesis from exogenous oleic acid. [(14)C(U)]Glycerol incorporation suggested that TG molecular species containing palmitic acid such as OPP were more readily synthesized through the de novo pathway. Further experiments involving inhibitors such as sodium azide and cerulenin suggested that OOO biosynthesis included a mechanism differing from that in the cases of OOP and OPP. Trifluoperazine, which inhibits the conversion from phosphatidic acid to TG, decreased [1-(14)C]oleic acid incorporation into all molecular species, suggesting that the incorporation into all molecular species included the de novo TG biosynthetic pathway via phosphatidic acid. These results revealed that the biosynthetic pathways for TG molecular species can be classified into several groups, which exhibit different sensitivities to low temperature and inhibitors of lipid metabolism. This implies that the composition of TG molecular species is regulated through different biosynthetic pathways responsible for specific TG molecular species, providing a new insight into the biosynthesis of TG molecular species.
Lateral Canthal Tendon Suspension Using the Carbon Dioxide Laser (1995)

The modified "tarsal strip" procedure using the CO2 laser provides many advantages compared with the original procedure. A clean dissection improves visibility and allows easy identification of the lateral tarsal plate. The lateral canthal angle is preserved and epithelial inclusions are prevented because the conjunctival mucosa is not violated.
Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by the protein kinase inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl) piperazine. (1987)

The protein kinase inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl) piperazine (C-I), inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol, without inhibiting superoxide release from PMN stimulated with the chemoattractants C5a or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe). In this study, we investigated the effect of C-I on human PMN chemotaxis to C5a, f-Met-Leu-Phe, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and fluoresceinated N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-lysine (f-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys-FITC). PMN, preincubated for 5 min at 37 degrees C with 0 to 200 microM C-I, were tested for their migratory responses to the chemoattractants. C-I (greater than or equal to 1 microM) significantly inhibited PMN chemotaxis to f-Met-Leu-Phe, f-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys-FITC, and C5a without affecting random migration. Maximal inhibition of chemotaxis to these attractants occurred with greater than or equal to 50 microM C-I, at which chemotaxis was inhibited by 80 to 95%. The C-I inhibition was reversible. In contrast, 200 microM C-I did not inhibit the number of PMN migrating to LTB4, although, the leading front of PMN migration to LTB4 was inhibited by C-I. C-I inhibited PMN orientation to C5a and f-Met-Leu-Phe without affecting orientation to LTB4. C-I did not inhibit the binding of radiolabeled f-Met-Leu-Phe or f-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys-FITC to PMN. These findings suggest that the chemotactic responses of PMN to f-Met-Leu-Phe and C5a involve a protein kinase-dependent reaction which is inhibited by C-I.
Proteolysis in human breast cancer (2000)

There is increased proteolysis in human breast tumours when compared with other breast tissues.
Immortalization of porcine hepatocytes with a α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout background (2019)

Two types of immortalized cell lines of porcine hepatocytes with GalT-KO and wild-type backgrounds were successfully established. GalT-KO-hep cells exhibited higher viability and injury resistance against a xenogeneic immune response.
An Infrared Study of the C=N Stretching Vibration in Azine Derivatives of Aldehydes and Ketones. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Infrared Study of the C=N Stretching Vibration in Azine Derivatives of Aldehydes and Ketones.L. D. FredericksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 7, 1349–1355Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60213a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60213a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Breast Mass in Mammogram Using Computer-Aided Diagnosis System (2003)

Purpose: Computer-aided diagnosis system was developed to improve the accuracy and the efficacy of the image interpretation. This article is to provide a possibility of computeraided diagnosis for detection of masses in mammograms. Methods: The craniocaudal and mediolateral images of 120 mammograms from 30 patients that were histologically proven to be malignant and 30 patients that were histologically proven to be benign were analysed using the mammography softwere. The contralateral mammograms were used as control images. Correct marks of the lesions were scored as a true positive and marks not at the location of the lesions were scored as a false negative. Any marks of the normal images were scored as a false positive and no mark of normal images were scored as a true negative. Results: It took approximately 2 min to scan and 1 min to process 24 by 18-cm mammograms. There was an average of 1.4, 2.0 and 2.1 marks per image in normal, benign and malignant mammograms respectively. Mass detection rate of malignant lesion was 90.0% (27 of 30) and that of benign lesion was 63.6% (21 of 33). Mass detection rate of dense breasts was 68.8% (22 of 32) and that of fatty breasts was 83.9% (26 of 31). Mass detection rate of BI-RADS category 4, 5 and 0 was 85.7% (42 of 49) and that of category 1, 2 and 3 was 42.9% (6 of 14). The overall sensitivity was 76.2% and specificity was 28.1%. Conclusion: In this study, mass detection rate for malignant lesions was higher than that of benign lesions and dense breast has lower detection rate than fatty breast. According to the BI-RADS category, mass detection rate was higher in the more malignant category. Computer-aided diagnosis system for this study had limited specificity but acceptable sensitivity. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:20-23) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ
Evaluation of Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (1987)

Airway pressure, flow, and volume were measured before and after administration of aerosolized metaproterenol during controlled mechanical inflation and stepwise deflation of the relaxed respiratory system in 13 mechanically ventilated patients. An increase in passive expiratory flow at constant respiratory system recoil pressure was considered evidence of bronchodilatation. In 10 patients, at a respiratory system recoil pressure of 6 cm H2O (VP6), expiratory flow increased 21 to 500% above prebronchodilator level. In these 10 dynamically hyperinflated patients, an increase in VP6 was associated with a decrease in peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak) (mean delta = -4.7 cm H2O) and a decrease in intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (Peepi) (mean delta = -2.4 cm H2O). The elastance of the respiratory system was not affected by metaproterenol, and the delta Peepi corresponded to a mean decrease in end-expiratory lung volume of 0.20 L. The results are consistent with predictions based on a single-compartment model. When mean expiratory flow is determined only by the tidal volume and expiratory time, a decrease in airway resistance results in a decrease in lung volume at which patients are ventilated. Therefore, the decrease in Ppeak is caused not only by a decrease in the resistive pressure cost but also by a decrease in the elastic pressure cost of inflating the respiratory system. It is emphasized that Ppeak and Peepi provide valuable information about bronchodilator-induced changes in lung function during controlled mechanical ventilation.
Genetics and Evolution of Inflorescence and Flower Development in Grasses (2005)

Inflorescences and flowers in the grass species have characteristic structures that are distinct from those in eudicots. Owing to the availability of genetic tools and their genome sequences, rice and maize have become model plants for the grasses and for the monocots in general. Recent studies have provided much insight into the genetic control of inflorescence and flower development in grasses, especially in rice and maize. Progress in elucidating the developmental mechanisms in each of these plants may contribute greatly to our understanding of the evolution of development in higher plants.