gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of III–V semiconductor alloys grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2000)

A thermodynamic analysis has been applied to systematically study III–V semiconductor alloy deposition, including nitrides grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The predicted solid compositions of a number of ternary and quaternary alloys, including AlxGa1−xPyAs1−y, are compared with experimental data. For phosphorus-containing alloys, introduction of a parameter f representing incomplete PH3 pyrolysis yields good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that the input mole fraction of the group III metalorganic sources influences the incorporation of P into the solid for these alloys. Solid composition is also calculated for nitride alloys as a function of inlet gas concentration. To date, thermodynamic models have been applied solely to predict N solubility limits for nitride alloys where mixing occurs on the group V sublattice. The present model is used to predict N solid compositions in ternary and quaternary alloys, and it is demonstrated that these values are below the theoretical solubility limits for In-containing nitrides. The role of H2 in the carrier gas is investigated for III–N–V, III–III–N–V, and III–N–V–V systems.
<title>Holographic recording in nanoparticle-doped photopolymer</title> (2006)

A nanoparticle-doped acrylic photopolymer is characterised as a material for holographic recording. The influence of nanoparticles on the photopolymer dynamic range, dynamics of recording, temporal stability and mechanical stability in terms of shrinkage has been studied. The dynamics of recording and the temporal stability are investigated by real time monitoring of the build up of diffraction gratings of spatial frequencies of 200 to 2000 1/mm. The shrinkage has been characterised by recording slanted transmission gratings and observation of the change in the Bragg angle.
High-Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes with Lanthanum-Nickelate-Based Composites. (2007)

International audience
Life Prediction of Aircraft Aluminum Subjected to Pitting Corrosion Under Fatigue Conditions (2009)

Aircraft aluminum alloys suffer material degradation which affects structural integrity due to the complex pitting corrosion-fatigue process resulting from the operating environment. There is a need for developing simple models to predict the life of such materials in the preliminary design of aircraft. This paper briefly reviews major corrosion-fatigue models, and presents a simple deterministic model that considers the simultaneous existence of cyclic stressing and corrosive conditions. The model that takes into account the influence of cyclic stresses on pitting is based on the total-life approach, which considers all stages of the process, and is tested on aircraft aluminum alloy 2024-T3. The results indicate that the presence of a corrosive environment accelerates the fatigue damage even at nominal stresses. The crack initiation from pit sites is extremely fast at high stress levels and can occur even from relatively small pits. At lower stress levels, the crack initiation stage, in comparison with crack propagation, consumes a major part of the material's life. The life predictions obtained from the model are in reasonable agreement with the limited experimental data available from literature.
An evaluation of TCP splice benefits in web proxy servers (2002)

This study is the first to evaluate the performance benefits of using the recently proposed TCP Splice kernel service in Web proxy servers. Previous studies show that splicing client and server TCP connections in the IP layer improves the throughput of proxy servers like firewalls and content routers by reducing the data transfer overheads. In a Web proxy server, data transfer overheads represent a relatively large fraction of the request processing overheads, in particular when content is not cacheable or the proxy cache is memory-based. The study is conducted with a socket-level implementation of TCP Splice. Compared to IP-level implementations, socket-level implementations make possible the splicing of connections with different TCP characteristics, and improve response times by reducing recovery delay after a packet loss. The experimental evaluation is focused on HTTP request types for which the proxy can fully exploit the TCP Splice service, which are the requests for non-cacheabl.content and SSL tunneling. The experimental testbed includes an emulated WAN environment and benchmark applications for HTTP/1.0 Web client, Web server, and Web proxy running on AIX RS/6000 machines. Our experiments demonstrate that TCP Splice enables reductions in CPU utilization of 10-43% of the CPU, depending on file sizes and request rates. Larger relative reductions are observed when tunneling SSL connections, in particular for small file transfers. Response times are also reduced by up to 1.8sec.
Effect of immunization with bovine luteinizing hormone receptor on ovarian function in cats (2003)

Active immunization with LH-R suppressed corpus luteum function in cats. The effect was reversible. An LH-R-based antifertility vaccine may have clinical application in other vertebrates.
Feeding nine billion: the challenge to sustainable crop production (2011)

In the recent past there was a widespread working assumption in many countries that problems of food production had been solved, and that food security was largely a matter of distribution and access to be achieved principally by open markets. The events of 2008 challenged these assumptions, and made public a much wider debate about the costs of current food production practices to the environment and whether these could be sustained. As in the past 50 years, it is anticipated that future increases in crop production will be achieved largely by increasing yields per unit area rather than by increasing the area of cropped land. However, as yields have increased, so the ratio of photosynthetic energy captured to energy expended in crop production has decreased. This poses a considerable challenge: how to increase yield while simultaneously reducing energy consumption (allied to greenhouse gas emissions) and utilizing resources such as water and phosphate more efficiently. Given the timeframe in which the increased production has to be realized, most of the increase will need to come from crop genotypes that are being bred now, together with known agronomic and management practices that are currently under-developed.
Aldosterone increases T-type calcium channel expression and in vitro beating frequency in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (2005)

Aldosterone modulates the expression of cardiac voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and accelerates beating in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. This chronotropic action of aldosterone appears to be linked to increased T channel activity and could contribute to the deleterious effect of an excess of this steroid in vivo on cardiac function.
Evidence for Avian and Human Host Cell Factors That Affect the Activity of Influenza Virus Polymerase (2010)

Typical avian influenza A viruses do not replicate efficiently in humans. The molecular basis of host range restriction and adaptation of avian influenza A viruses to a new host species is still not completely understood. Genetic determinants of host range adaptation have been found on the polymerase complex (PB1, PB2, and PA) as well as on the nucleoprotein (NP). These four viral proteins constitute the minimal set for transcription and replication of influenza viral RNA. It is widely documented that in human cells, avian-derived influenza A viral polymerase is poorly active, but despite extensive study, the reason for this blockade is not known. We monitored the activity of influenza A viral polymerases in heterokaryons formed between avian (DF1) and human (293T) cells. We have discovered that a positive factor present in avian cells enhances the activity of the avian influenza virus polymerase. We found no evidence for the existence of an inhibitory factor for avian virus polymerase in human cells, and we suggest, instead, that the restriction of avian influenza virus polymerases in human cells is the consequence of the absence or the low expression of a compatible positive cofactor. Finally, our results strongly suggest that the well-known adaptative mutation E627K on viral protein PB2 facilitates the ability of a human positive factor to enhance replication of influenza virus in human cells.
Measurements of large-scale parameters of a distributed MIMO antenna system in a microcell environment At 2.6 GHz (2013)

Multi-site multi-antenna measurements for semiurban microcell environment at 2.6 GHz are performed with four base stations (BSs) and one mobile station (MS). Three BSs are provided with four antenna elements in closely spaced copolarized configuration, and one BS is provided with a single antenna element. The MS is equipped with a cylindrical uniform array consisting of 64 dual-polarized antenna elements and moves along some predefined routes. The values of large-scale fading (LSF) from 19 measurement runs with a total of 1900 snapshots at different locations are extracted. The cross-correlation properties of the LSF between different BS links are analyzed. It was found that, in the selected propagation environment, the influence of the BS location on the LSF cross-correlation properties is negligible. However, the location of the MS has a significant influence on the LSF cross-correlation properties of the different BS links.
A Low-Power OFDM-Based Wake-Up Mechanism for IoE Applications (2017)

This brief presents a wake-up mechanism for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation-based systems by coding a low data-rate wake-up signal in transmitter without extra circuitry overhead. It is achieved by controlling data pattern for each OFDM subcarrier in one symbol of frame to produce an equivalent amplitude-modulated (AM) signal as a wake-up query without contaminating protocol integrity. A low-power wake-up receiver is used to demodulate this signal and interpret the wake-up query. A system using proposed wake-up mechanism has been built based on IEEE 802.11ah standard. Measurement results demonstrate that an AM-type wake-up signal with a data-rate of 31.25 Kb/s is generated through the proposed method. Moreover, an envelope detector with -35-dBm sensitivity at 900 MHz has been implemented in 0.13-μm CMOS technology for wake-up signal detection and consumes 120-nW power.
Molecular genetics of human hypertension (1999)

In the general population blood pressure varies along a continuum and is regulated via multiple mechanisms involving many genetic loci and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies suggest that blood pressure variance is attributable to both genetic factors and environmental factors to the same magnitude. The molecular basis for three forms of sever hypertension transmitted on an autosomal basis has been recently elucidated: a) the glucocorticoid-suppressible aldosteronism (GSA), b) the Liddle's syndrome and c) the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). GSA is due to expression of a chimeric gene produced by fusion of the 11 beta-hydroxylase promoter with the region encoding the enzyme aldosterone-synthase. Expression of this chimeric gene occurs in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, under the control of ACTH, and can be suppressed by administration of glucocorticoids. Liddle's syndrome is due to mutations in the beta or gamma chain of the epithelial sodium channel in distal renal tubule cells. The hyperactivity of this channel caused by the mutations results in increased sodium reabsorption, which can be suppressed by administration of amiloride or triamterene. AME is caused by mutations of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme, an enzyme that metabolises cortisol into its receptor inactive keto-form cortisone, thus protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids. Apart from these rare genetic defects of the extended renin-angiotensin system, there are many susceptibility genes that might increase the risk of hypertension in a given environment. Several studies have demonstrated a link between the angiotensinogen gene and familial hypertension. One variant of angiotensinogen gene is associated with elevated plasma angiotensinogen levels and is more prevalent among hypertensive than among normotensive. This observation shows the relationship between the angiotensinogen genotype, the intermediate phenotype (i.e., plasma angiotensinogen elevation), and the distant phenotype (i.e., blood pressure elevation). The identification of these genes as well as other informative genetic markers distributed along the genome could be used in the search for genetic links between arterial hypertension and a chromosomal locus.
Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Analysis of Mitral Annular Dynamics (2012)

In both ischemic mitral regurgitation and myxomatous mitral regurgitation, annular dynamics and anatomy are abnormal. Flexible annuloplasty devices used in mitral valve repair are, therefore, unlikely to result in either normal annular dynamics or normal anatomy.
Effects of metallic plate size on the performance of microstrip patch-type tag antennas for passive RFID (2005)

Metallic objects are challenging for passive ultra high frequency (UHF) spectrum radio frequency identification (RFID) systems due to the effects of conductive materials on tag antenna performance. In this letter, we analyze the effects of metallic plate size on the performance of microstrip patch-type tag antennas. Microstrip patch antennas with regular ground plane and electromagnetic band gap (EBG) ground plane are studied attached to two differently sized metallic plates. Analysis is based on finite element method (FEM) simulations and practical read-range measurements.
Lipoprotein oxidation and lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity. (1983)

The results of this study indicate that when human VLDL or LDL is prepared under conditions allowing oxidation, such oxidation renders the molecular complexes highly toxic to human skin fibroblasts growing in culture. The cytotoxicity can be predicted by assaying for the presence of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances on the lipoprotein. However, malondialdehyde, which reacts with thiobarbituric acid and is known to be injurious to cells, was not cytotoxic in the same experimental system when dissolved in culture medium or covalently bound to non-toxic LDL. The toxic agent(s) on oxidized LDL is(are) located in a lipid-extractable moiety. Since lipid peroxides and oxidized sterols can occur in vivo under various pathological conditions, the cytotoxicity of these lipoprotein-associated substances observed in vitro may be related to certain manifestations of these conditions.
A prototype for an image-based tactile sensor (2005)

A new tactile sensor which offers many advantages over existing tactile sensors including extremely high resolution, elimination of all wires from the touching surface, the ability to execute design tradeoffs between sensitivity and ruggedness, and availability of information about the shape of the object being touched is presented. The sensor consists of an optically sealed chamber with one side having a small elastic reflective surface. Inside the chamber is a light source and an optical random access memory (RAM) chip which receives the image of a grid pattern painted on the elastic reflective surface. A prototype was constructed using commercially available hardware.
Comparison of matching layers for automotive radome design (2010)

Abstract. Hidden integration of 79 GHz sensors behind plastic and painted fascia represents a challenging task since both electromagnetic and car body design constraints have to be met. This paper compares different possibilities for low-cost integration of radar sensors. Based on a model for stratified media, a study of the most important parameters such as bandwidth, angle and tolerances is shown. Our results suggest that for plastic fascia, the requirements of future radar sensors can be met with low-cost matching. Even with metallic paints, the requirements imposed by modern 79 GHz radar sensors can be met under certain conditions.
A study of cells present in lymph draining from a contact allergic reaction in pigs sensitized to DNFB. (1983)

Pigs were skin-painted with the contact sensitizing agent 1-fluoro 2,4 dinitrobenzene (DNFB) and lymph cells coming from the site were collected. Half the animals were sensitive to DNFB and half were normal controls. Special attention was paid to cells belonging to the veiled cell series. At 20 hr after DNFB application, some blast cells--on morphological grounds belonging to the veiled cell series--could be observed in the lymph of presensitized animals. But the most predominant finding in these pigs was that, approximately 30 hr after painting, the total cell output began to increase, reaching 10 times the normal level at 70 hr. The increase in the output of lymphoblasts was the most marked, suggesting peripheral sensitization. Such changes were not observed in normal animals. Here the most striking alterations were seen in the veiled cells. Some of these cells were moving ponderously about, apparently in pursuit of other lymph-borne cells, and this activity resulted in the formation of large cellular aggregates. Since it is known that veiled cells are involved in antigen handling, this behaviour probably facilitates the induction of the T-cell immune response. By contrast, the veiled cells from presensitized animals behaved in a more normal manner and the proportion found in aggregates was only briefly increased. In these animals lymphocytes were seen to interact with veiled cells in a manner reminiscent of peripolesis, apparently recognizing antigenic signals on the surface of the veiled cells. It is discussed that this might result in deletion of the antigen-presenting veiled cells, thus controlling the magnitude of the immune response.
Electrical Breakdown in Thin Dielectric Films (1969)

In this review paper the basic mechanism of electrical breakdown in thin dielectric films is considered; this is still an argument of debate. Some critical points have been identified: it is, for instance, almost generally accepted that the formation of an electron avalanche is the prime agent of the electrical breakdown. Much evidence indicates the role of the cathode material and the increase of the electric strength as the thickness of the dielectric film decreases. It seems to be proved that a dependence upon the thickness according to an exponential law describes quite satisfactorily the results of breakdown measurements. In NaCl single-crystal layers the electric strength is a function of the thickness w proportional to w−1/2 in the range of the lower thicknesses, but a decrease as w−1/4 is observed in the range of higher thicknesses. These different exponents are justified by two mechanisms, namely the tunnel injection of electrons from the cathode and the electron-phonon scattering. The analysis of experimental results obtained in polycrystalline Al2O3 and SiO2 layers shows that the dependence as w.−1/4 holds in the range of lower thicknesses, but for higher thicknesses the electric strength decreases as w−1/2. This inversion of behaviour can be understood by considering the influence of charged defects in the dielectric film near the cathode. On the other hand it is not possible to conclude that the mechanism of breakdown in thin dielectric films is fully explained, at least when the structural defects play a predominant role.
The potential importance of saturating and supersaturating contrast response functions in visual cortex (2007)

Most cortical visual neurons do not respond linearly with contrast. Generally, they show saturated responses to stimuli of high contrast, a feature often characterized by a divisive normalization function. This nonlinearity is generally thought to be useful in focusing the dynamic response range of the neuron on a particular region of contrast space, optimizing contrast gain. Some neurons not only saturate but also supersaturate; at high contrast, the response of the neuron decreases rather than plateaus. Under the contrast gain control theory, these cells would seem to reflect a nonoptimal normalization pool that provides excessive inhibition to the neurons. Since very few data on supersaturation are available, this article examines the frequency with which such neurons occur in macaque visual cortex by considering an extension of the Naka-Rushton equation with the capacity to represent nonmonotonic functions. The prevalence of gain-control theories for saturation has occluded an additional computational function for saturation, namely, in detecting the conjunction of certain features. A saturating nonlinearity is a critical part of the selective detection of compound stimuli over their components. In this role, the existence of saturating contrast response functions might be considered necessary rather than simply optimal.
Reversible Chain Transfer Catalyzed Polymerization (RTCP) with Alcohol Catalysts (2009)

Alcohols (phenols, a vinyl alcohol, and an iodide derivative) worked as efficient catalysts for reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (RTCP). Low-polydispersity (Mw/Mn ~ 1.2-1.3) polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylate)s with predicted molecular weights were obtained with a fairly high conversion. Attractive features of the alcohol catalysts include their high reactivity (a small amount being required), low or no toxicity, and low cost (cheapness).
Design, fabrication, and operation of dished accelerator grids on a 30-cm ion thruster (1972)

Several closely-space dished accelerator grid systems were fabricated and tested on a 30-cm diameter mercury bombardment thruster and they appear to be a solution to the stringent requirements imposed by the near-term, high-thrust, low specific impulse electric propulsion missions. The grids were simultaneously hydroformed and then simultaneously stress relieved. The ion extraction capability and discharge chamber performance were studied as the total accelerating voltage, the ratio of net-to-total voltage, grid spacing, and dish direction were varied.
Extended Gaussian images (1983)

This is a primer on extended Caussian images. Extended Gauss/an images are useful for representing the shapes of surfaces. They can be computed easily from: 1. needle maps obtained using photometric stereo; or 2. depth maps generated by ranging devices or binocular stereo. Importantly, they can also be determined simply from geometric models of the objects. Extended Caussian images can be of use in at least two of the tasks facing a machine vision system: 1. recognition, and 2. determining the attitude in space of an object. Here, the extended Caussian image is defined and some of its properties discussed. An elaboration for nonconvex objects is presented and several examples are shown. I.