gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Sequence, Bacterial Expression, and Functional Reconstitution of the Rat Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Transporter Cloned via Distant Homologs in Yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans (1998)

The dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) belongs to a family of transport proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membranes. The biochemical properties of the mammalian protein have been characterized, but the protein is not abundant. It is difficult to purify and had not been sequenced. We have used the sequence of the distantly related yeast DIC to identify a related protein encoded in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Then, related murine expressed sequence tags were identified with the worm sequence, and the murine sequence was used to isolate the cDNA for the rat homolog. The sequences of the worm and rat proteins have features characteristic of the family of mitochondrial transport proteins. Both proteins were expressed in bacteria and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles where their transport characteristics closely resembled those of whole rat mitochondria and of the rat DIC reconstituted into vesicles. As expected from the role of the DIC in gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis, its transcripts were detected in rat liver and kidney, but unexpectedly, they were also detected in rat heart and brain tissues where the protein may fulfill other roles, possibly in supplying substrates to the Krebs cycle.
Identification of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of PDGF Receptor Autophosphorylation (2006)

We report the structure-activity relationship of quinoline and quinazoline derivatives, which include urea, thiourea, urethane, and acylthiourea groups, as inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autophosphorylation. Our previous studies showed that the quinoline and quinazoline derivatives including urea, thiourea, and carbamate groups were highly potent compounds as the PDGF receptor autophosphorylation inhibitor, but these compounds did not exhibit receptor selectivity between the PDGF receptor and the c-kit receptor. As a result of further synthesis and biological evaluation, we have found that the quinoline and quinazoline-acylthiourea derivatives showed not only good inhibitory activity for the PDGF receptor but also receptor selectivity between the PDGF receptor and the c-kit receptor. Furthermore N-{4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl}-N'-(2-methylbenzoyl)thiourea exhibited potent oral efficacy in in vivo assay using the rat carotid balloon injury model. Therefore, the quinoline and quinazoline-acylthiourea derivatives may be expected to have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of restenosis.
Apomixis: A Developmental Perspective (2003)

The term apomixis encompasses a suite of processes whereby seeds form asexually in plants. In contrast to sexual reproduction, seedlings arising from apomixis retain the genotype of the maternal parent. The transfer of apomixis and its effective utilization in crop plants (where it is largely absent) has major advantages in agriculture. The hallmark components of apomixis include female gamete formation without meiosis (apomeiosis), fertilization-independent embryo development (parthenogenesis), and developmental adaptations to ensure functional endosperm formation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis, a developmentally fascinating phenomenon in plants, is critical for the successful induction and utilization of apomixis in crop plants. This review draws together knowledge gained from analyzing ovule, embryo, and endosperm development in sexual and apomictic plants. It consolidates the view that apomixis and sexuality are closely interrelated developmental pathways where apomixis can be viewed as a deregulation of the sexual process in both time and space.
Network and profile based measures for user similarities on social networks (2011)

An interesting problem in online social networks is the identification of user characteristics and the analysis of how these are reflected in the graph structure evolution. The basis of these studies are user similarity measures. In this paper, we approach user similarity from two angles. First, we propose a network similarity measure that considers only the graph structure and that, differently from existing techniques, takes into consideration also how two users are indirectly connected. Secondly, we propose a similarity measure based on user profile information, such to find semantic similarities between users. Moreover, since user profile data could be missing, we present a technique to infer them from profile items of the user contacts. We evaluate our similarity measures on Facebook and DBLP data.
Une traduction latine de Sophocle du XVe siècle. Problèmes d’attribution et tentatives de réponse (1996)

Dans cet article, je présente une traduction latine mot à mot de Sophocle. Elle est res-tée manuscrite et son attribution à Pietro da Montagnana est douteuse. Cependant, plusieurs indices permettent de lui attribuer la paternité de cette œuvre, même si le manuscrit n’est pas autographe. Le texte grec sur lequel Montagnana a travaillé n’a pas encore pu être identifié.
Parametric generation of tunable picosecond light pulses as a result of pumping with radiation from a stimulated Raman scattering compressor (1988)

Typical parametric oscillations were observed in a laser with a stimulated Raman scattering compressor. This laser generated pulses of ~ 15 ps duration at a wavelength of 0.63 μm and the width of the spectrum was ~ 0.7 cm− 1. The parametric radiation was tunable within the range 1–1.5 μm. A study was made of the statistical properties of the generation process. The energy stability of the pulses generated in such an optical parametric oscillator was twice as high as in the case when pumping was provided by a picosecond YAG:Nd laser with passive mode locking.
Effect of Dietary Cereal Grain, Citrus Penctin, and Guar Gum on Liver Fat in Laying Hens and Young Chicks (1981)

One laying hen and three chick experiments were conducted to study the effect of cereal grains, citrus pectin, and guar gum on liver fat of chicks and hens and on serum cholesterol of chicks. Feeding of wheat, rye, or 2% pectin in place of corn reduced liver fat content. The decrease in liver fat of hens fed wheat or rye was larger than that of those fed 2% pectin (P less than .05). The smallest amount of liver fat was found in livers of hens fed the rye diet. Wheat or pectin did not affect egg production of egg weight, but rye caused a significant decline in egg production in comparison with other treatments. Addition of 4% pectin or 2% guar gum to the corn control diet lowered liver fat, serum cholesterol (P less than .05), and body weight in chicks (P less than .05). Penicillin added to the diets containing 2% guar gum gave an increase in body weight (P less than .05) but had no effect on body weight of chicks fed diets containing 4% pectin. In contrast, pectinase prevented growth depression by pectin and guar gum. Pectinase also increased liver fat and serum cholesterol of birds fed the diet containing pectin or guar gum. When the corn control diet was pair-fed to the pectin diet, growth of the pair-fed chicks was better than that of the pectin-fed birds but was lower than that of birds fed the control diet ad libitium. Pectin-fed birds again had lower liver fat the serum cholesterol than the control birds. The reduced feed intake of chicks pair-fed the corn control diet had no effect on liver fat content.
Polyamine Inhibitors for Treatment of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proof-of-Concept Study (2013)

This study assessed proof-of-concept for use of polyamine inhibitor 2-diluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as a treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in client-owned cats. Polyamine levels in tumor tissue and normal oral mucosa were quantified before and after treatment. DFMO was administered orally to 14 client-owned cats with histologically confirmed oral SCC. Patients were monitored for gastrointestinal, dermatologic, auditory, hematological, and biochemical abnormalities. Total polyamine levels in tumor tissue decreased after treatment, as did the specific polyamine putrescine in both tumor tissue and normal mucosa. Ototoxicity was observed in 5 of 6 cats receiving pre- and post-treatment brainstem auditory evoked potential tests. Subclinical thrombocytopenia was observed in 6 of 14 cats. One cat showed mild post-anesthetic tremors that resolved without treatment. Oral administration of DFMO at doses used in this study resulted in significantly decreased tumor polyamine levels without life-threatening clinical or hematological toxicities. Further studies are warranted to explore pathophysiology of polyamine biochemistry and use of polyamine inhibitors in treatment of cats with oral SCC.
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics (2005)

The second edition of this widely adopted text includes a wealth of new material, with new chapters on Signal Processing (Marschner), Using Graphics Hardware (Willemsen), Building Interactive Graphics Applications (Sung), Perception (Thompson), Curves (Gleicher), Computer Animation (Ashikhmin), and Tone Reproduction (Reinhard). Maintaining the stre
Purification of hydrogen by means of low temperatures. [Condensation, adsorption, and freezing out] (1970)

Analysis of energy expense during development has achieved special interest through time on account of the crucial role of the consumption of resources required for offspring survival. Spider eggs have a fixed composition as well as some initial energy that is supplied by mothers. These resources are necessary to support the metabolic expense not only through the embryonic period but also during the post-embryonic period, as well as for post emerging activities before spiderlings become self-sustaining. Depletion of these resources would be critical for spiders since it could give rise to prey competition as well as filial cannibalism. Even though spiders represent a megadiverse order, information regarding the metabolic requirements during spiders development is very scarce. In this study, we analyse the changes in protein, lipid and carbohydrate content as well as the variation in lipovitellin reserves and hemocyanin content during Polybetes pythagoricus development. Our results show that lipovitellins and phospholipids represent the major energy source throughout embryonic and post-embryonic development. Lipovitellin apolipoproteins are gradually consumed but are later depleted after dispersion. Phosphatidylethanolamine is mainly consumed during the post-embryonic period, while triacylglycerides are consumed after juveniles' dispersion. Finally, hemocyanin concentration starts to increase in postembryonic stages.
Placename Ambiguity Resolution (2008)

It is common for placenames to reference other named entities (e.g. names of people, names of organizations, etc.) and to be used as vocabulary words (e.g. city of Split). Apart from reference ambiguity, placenames are faced with the problem of referent ambiguity (i.e., a placename referring to multiple places). Many places are also referred to by multiple names (e.g. Netherlands vs. Holland). In this paper we describe an approach to placename ambiguity resolution i.e. place reference resolution, resolution of a document’s geographical scope and placename referent resolution. The approach is composed of three components: (1) geographical tagger, (2) geographical scope resolver and (3) placename referent resolver. 1.
MECHANISM OF THE OXO AND RELATED REACTIONS. III. EVIDENCE FOR HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMECHANISM OF THE OXO AND RELATED REACTIONS. III. EVIDENCE FOR HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATIONIrving Wender, Milton Orchin, and H. H. StorchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 10, 4842–4843Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01166a539https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01166a539research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hardware implementation of communication protocols modeled by concurrent EFSMs with multi-way synchronization (2000)

In this paper, we propose a technique to implement communication protocols as hardware circuits using a model of concurrent EFSMs with multi-way synchronization. Since use of multi-way synchronization enables simple and comprehensible specifications of recent communication protocols which frequently use complicated mechanisms such as mutual exclusion and dynamic job assignment, the proposed model is expected to reduce development cost in designing/developing such protocols. We implement specifications described in the model so that EFSMs work synchronously with the same clock, and that the synchronization mechanism for checking executability of each tuple of synchronizing transitions is implemented as a combinational logic circuit. Through some experiments, we have confirmed that the proposed technique can synthesize hardware circuits with relatively good performances for practical use.
Effect of Monovalent−Divalent Cation Exchange on the Swelling of Polyacrylate Hydrogels in Physiological Salt Solutions (2000)

The volume transition induced by monovalent-divalent cation exchange of fully neutralized polyacrylate hydrogels was investigated in aqueous NaCl solutions. The variation of the osmotic swelling pressure, shear modulus, and mixing pressure was measured when Na(+) ions were substituted by divalent or trivalent cations. Alkali metal salts move freely throughout the entirely network, and alkaline earth metal salts (CaCl(2), SrCl(2)) promote aggregation of polyacrylate chains, but these aggregates are relatively weak. Transition metal salts (CoCl(2), NiCl(2)) form stronger interchain associates. Rare earth cations (La(3+) and Ce(3+)) bind practically irreversibly to the polymer. Experimental data indicate that transition metal cations modify both the elastic and mixing components of the free energy, while alkaline earth metal cations affect primarily the mixing term. The behavior of freely swollen gels was compared with similar gels subjected to uniaxial compression. In uniaxially compressed gels, volume transition occurs at lower cation concentrations than in the corresponding undeformed gels. The shift of the transition point increases with the deformation ratio and is larger for Co(2+) than for Ca(2+).
Planning and management of the surplus ammunition disposal process in the Bulgarian Armed Forces (2004)

This project analyzes the surplus ammunition disposal process in the Bulgarian Armed Forces. It explains how the system works and considers whether it could better serve national security needs. The end of the Cold War and the ensuing doctrinal changes lead to a significant reduction in most European countries' armies. This leads, in turn, to huge piles of surplus ammunition, which pose threats to national security, to the environment, and to the defense budget. While some aspects of stockpile management and security do have political implications, the disposal process as a whole needs a detailed cost-benefit analysis. This project analyzes relevant data, takes existing constraints into consideration, and recommends possible technological and cost-reducing improvements.
Raman Spectroscopy of Dense<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:math>and the Transition to Symmetric Hydrogen Bonds (1999)

High-pressure Raman measurements of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ ice using synthetic diamond anvils reveal major changes associated with the transition to the nonmolecular, symmetric hydrogen-bonded state. At 60 GPa the strongly pressure-dependent O-H symmetric stretching mode disappears, and the translational modes exhibit frequency and damping anomalies. With further increase in pressure, a single peak appears and becomes the dominant feature in the spectrum in the megabar range. The band is assigned to the predicted Raman-active O-O mode of the nonmolecular phase, consistent with the formation of cuprite-type ice X with static, symmetric hydrogen bonds.
Identification of calibration errors in helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data through transform to the altitude-corrected phase-amplitude domain (2006)

We investigate the properties of EM signals in several different response-parameter domains to identify calibration errors in helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) data. In particular, we define a dimensionless response parameter α, derived from frequency-domain data, that is numerically identical to the historic wire-loop response parameter, and is closely related to the thin-sheet and half-space response parameters. The arctangent of α is the phase ϕ of the secondary field. We further define a dimensionless amplitude response parameter β, calculated as the ratio between inductive limits estimated from the data and from system geometry. The inductive limit calculated from geometry provides an initial altitude correction to the data amplitudes. Additional data corrections further correct phase effects and altimeter variations. The amplitude and phase errors in calibration become independent differences between the data and the fitted model in the ϕβ domain. This investigation was undertaken in the response-parameter domain rather than in the data domain, allowing the analysis to be independent of absolute values of conductivity and system frequencies. Statistical analysis in the ϕβ domain of recently acquired data suggests that amplitude calibration errors in HEM data may cause fitted models to have systematic depth errors of 1 to 2 m for near-surface conductors; variable altitude measurement errors are about 1.5 m over seawater.
Stuttering: an overview. (2008)

Speech dysfluency (stuttering) is common in children. Although stuttering often resolves before adulthood, it can cause significant anxiety for children and their families. Stuttering speech patterns are often easily identifiable; when a child is learning to talk, repetition of sounds or words, prolonged pauses, or excessively long sounds in words usually occur. Secondary behaviors (e.g., eye blinking, jaw jerking, involuntary head or other movements) that accompany stuttering can further embarrass the child, leading to a fear of speaking. The etiology of stuttering is controversial, but contributing factors may include cognitive abilities, genetics, sex of the child, and environmental influences. Research has shown that more than 80 percent of stuttering cases are classified as developmental problems, although stuttering can also be classified as a neurologic or, less commonly, psychogenic problem. The initial assessment of patients who stutter addresses the severity of dysfluency; secondary behaviors; and the impact of stuttering, such as patient distress. Further testing is useful in assessing the need for therapy. Pharmacologic therapy has not been shown to improve stuttering. Encouraging patients to talk slowly and the use of fluency-shaping mechanisms such as delayed auditory feedback devices to slow the speech rate can help minimize or eliminate stuttering. For patients with persistent stuttering, controlled fluency or stuttering modification therapy may be effective.
Design and Testing of Braided Composite Fan Case Materials and Components (2009)

Triaxial braid composite materials are beginning to be used in fan cases for commercial gas turbine engines. The primary benefit for the use of composite materials is reduced weight and the associated reduction in fuel consumption. However, there are also cost benefits in some applications. This paper presents a description of the braided composite materials and discusses aspects of the braiding process that can be utilized for efficient fabrication of composite cases. The paper also presents an approach that was developed for evaluating the braided composite materials and composite fan cases in a ballistic impact laboratory. Impact of composite panels with a soft projectile is used for materials evaluation. Impact of composite fan cases with fan blades or blade-like projectiles is used to evaluate containment capability. A post-impact structural load test is used to evaluate the capability of the impacted fan case to survive dynamic loads during engine spool down. Validation of these new test methods is demonstrated by comparison with results of engine blade-out tests.
Overview of NSTec Plasma Focus Tubes and Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling Capabilities (2012)

•Brief Description of how DPFs work, in general what they are useful for. •DPF devices that we have at NSTec •Using MHD modeling software to optimize designs and predict performance •Neutron Resonance Spectroscopy
Simultaneous Position-Resolved Mapping of Chromatic Dispersion and Brillouin Shift Along Single-Mode Optical Fibers (2004)

We describe a new method for performing simultaneous position-resolved measurements of chromatic dispersion and Brillouin shift along single-mode optical fibers. The technique provides consistent high-resolution and low-noise results for both quantities. Our measurements indicate a certain correlation between both magnitudes, although the degree of correlation varies for the different manufacturers tested.
Clinical Application of Fluorescence Imaging of Liver Cancer Using Indocyanine Green (2012)

Recently, fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has been applied to hepatobiliary surgery, not only to visualize the bile ducts, but also to identify liver cancer during surgery. In this technique, ICG is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for routine liver function testing before surgery. Intraoperatively, liver cancer can be readily identified by fluorescence imaging on the liver surface before resection and on the cut surface of the resected specimen. This is achieved by visualizing fluorescence from the area of impaired bile excretion in hepatocellular cancer tissue and in the liver parenchyma surrounding metastatic liver cancers. Liver cancer navigation surgery, first developed in Japan, is also possible, and it represents one of the few fluorescence imaging techniques for cancer that have reached the stage of clinical application; with further developments in basic research, fluorescence imaging is expected to become an indispensable technique for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 4, STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF GOUGEROTIN AND SOME OF ITS ANALOGS (1975)

Abstract Es werden Untersuchungen an Derivaten und Analoga des Gougerotins (I) durchgeführt und verschiedene Derivate in der angegebenen Weise hergestellt.