gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking Infinite Cu<sup>I</sup> Carboxylate Helix Held by Cuprophilicity into Discrete Cu<i><sub>n</sub></i> Fragments (<i>n</i> = 6, 4, 2) (2007)

Abstract A new copper(I) carboxylate complex with 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate ligands, [Cu(O 2 C(3,5‐CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 )] ( 1 ), has been prepared in high yield and fully characterized. An X‐ray diffraction study revealed a remarkable infinite double‐helical chain motif held together by cuprophilic interactions ranging from 2.69 to 3.14 Å. Both left‐ and right‐handed helices are present in the unit cell of the centrosymmetric structure of 1 thus making the crystalline compound racemic. Complex 1 shows bright emission at ca. 594 nm upon UV/Vis radiation in the solid state ( λ ex = 350 nm). The Cu ··· Cu contacts in 1 are easily broken in the gas phase to afford copper clusters of ascertained nuclearity upon sublimation with various polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Several polyarenes such as fluoranthene (C 16 H 10 ), pyrene (C 16 H 10 ), and coronene (C 24 H 12 ) were selected to cover a broad temperature range from 130 to 220 °C for the gas‐phase co‐deposition reactions. As a result of the successive temperature increase, cleavage of the infinite copper(I) chain into [Cu n (O 2 C(3,5‐CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ) n ] fragments of decreasing nuclearity, n = 6, 4, and 2, has been achieved. The isolation of these units represents the first instance where various polynuclear copper(I) complexes are prepared and structurally characterized for the same carboxylate ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Decentralised grid scheduling approach based on multi‐agent reinforcement learning and gossip mechanism (2018)

As an important class of resource allocation approaches, decentralised job scheduling in large‐scale grids has to deal with the difficulties in acquiring timely model information and improving performance by autonomous coordination. In this study, a gossip‐based reinforcement learning (GRL) method is proposed for decentralised job scheduling in grids. In the GRL method, a decentralised scheduling architecture based on multi‐agent reinforcement learning is presented to improve the scalability and adaptability of job scheduling. A gossip mechanism is designed to realise autonomous coordination among the decentralised schedulers. Simulation results show that the proposed GRL‐based schedulers can complete the task of grid job scheduling effectively and achieve load balancing efficiently.
Efficient Electrochemical Deprotection of Carboxylic and Amino Acids from Their 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dithiane (Dim) Esters (2000)

Carboxylic acids and amino acids are electrochemically deprotected from their 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dithiane (Dim) esters.
Isolation of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes from infected cells by tandem affinity purification (2005)

The biochemical purification and analysis of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) of negative-strand RNA viruses is hampered by the lack of suitable tags that facilitate specific enrichment of these complexes. We therefore tested whether fusion of the tandem-affinity-purification (TAP) tag to the main component of viral RNPs, the nucleoprotein, might allow the isolation of these RNPs from cells. We constitutively expressed TAP-tagged nucleoprotein of Borna disease virus (BDV) in cells persistently infected with this virus. The TAP-tagged bait was efficiently incorporated into viral RNPs, did not interfere with BDV replication and was also packaged into viral particles. Native purification of the tagged protein complexes from BDV-infected cells by two consecutive affinity columns resulted in the isolation of several viral proteins, which were identified by MS analysis as the matrix protein, the two forms of the nucleoprotein and the phosphoprotein. In addition to the viral proteins, RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of viral genomic RNA. Introduction of further protease cleavage sites within the TAP-tag significantly increased the purification yield. These results demonstrate that purification of TAP-tagged viral RNPs is possible and efficient, and may therefore provide new avenues for biochemical and functional studies of these complexes.
A Secure and Efficient Method for Detecting Malicious Nodes in MANET (2005)

최근 MANET에서의 연구는 보안을 고려한 라우팅 서비스에 주목되어 왔으나 기존에 제시되었던 MANET에서의 악의적인 노드를 식별하는 방안들은 거짓 신고하는 악의적인 노드가 있을 때에는 이를 적절히 식별하고 제거하지 못하는 문제점이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신고자와 혐의자 목록으로 구성되는 신고 메시지와 신고 테이블을 이용하여 경로 설정단계에서는 정상적으로 동작하지만 데이터 전달 과정에서는 데이터를 버리거나 내용을 변경시키는 행위, 또는 다른 노드를 거짓으로 신고하는 등의 악의적인 노드를 식별하는 효율적인 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 방안은 DSR 과 AODV에 모두 적용 가능하다. 또한 성능분석을 위해 AODV와 제안된 알고리즘과 비교 분석하여 제안된 알고리즘이 평균 분실률 및 전송량 측면에서 현격한 성능차이를 있음을 보였다. Lately, the MANET research has focused on providing routing services with security and previous schemes have been proposed for detecting malicious nodes in a MANET. However, they still include some problems which malicious nodes cannot be found when they falsely report other nodes as malicious. Accordingly, we propose a novel and efficient scheme for detecting malicious nodes using report messages and a report table which is consisted of node ID both for suspecting and reporting when the malicious nodes behave normally during the route discovery, but the other hand they drop and modify packets, or falsely report other nodes as malicious during the data transmission. Our proposed scheme is applicable to not only DSR but aiso AODV. And we provide some simulation results of our proposed scheme by comparing general AODV with our proposed scheme. Simulation results show that our Proposed scheme outperforms general AODV in terms of average packet loss ratio and packet delivery ratio.
Nephron supply is a major determinant of long-term renal allograft outcome in rats. (1994)

The effects of augmenting the nephron supply on indices of allograft injury were assessed in a rat model of "chronic rejection." Orthotopic renal allotransplantation into unine-phrectomized rats was followed by excision (allograft-alone group) or preservation of the remaining native kidney (allograft+native kidney group) such that the total kidney complement was either the allograft alone, or the allograft plus one retained native kidney. After 18 wk, values for GFR (1.85 +/- 0.3 ml/min) and kidney weights (2.3 +/- 0.2 g) in allograft-alone rats were far in excess of corresponding values in the allograft of allograft+native kidney rats (0.88 +/- 0.1 ml/min and 1.1 +/- 0.5 g, respectively). Proteinuria (35 +/- 2 mg/d) and allograft glomerulosclerosis (24 +/- 8%) also characterized allograft-alone but not allograft+native kidney rats, in whom glomerular structure (allograft glomerulosclerosis, 4 +/- 1%; native kidney glomerulosclerosis, 0%) and glomerular functional integrity (proteinuria 7 +/- 0.7 mg/d) were well preserved. Thus, the observed allograft protection derived from the presence of a retained recipient native kidney supports the hypothesis that a single renal allograft contains insufficient nephrons to prevent progressive renal injury, implicating nephron supply as a major determinant of long-term allograft outcome.
Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (2003)

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is the most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus. Although involvement of the autonomic nervous system is generally diffuse, symptoms may be confined to a single target organ or organ system. Complications of diabetic autonomic neuropathy contribute greatly to the morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life of the person with diabetes and are the major source of increased costs of caring for the diabetic patient. Factors in the pathogenesis of these complications are altered metabolism, vascular insufficiency, loss of growth factor trophism, and autoimmune destruction of nerves in a visceral and cutaneous distribution. The clinical manifestations and the complications of diabetic autonomic neuropathy are reviewed. Future therapeutic strategies that are developed from a better understanding of the pathogenetic processes underlying this disorder can be directed at the cause rather than the manifestations. There are studies in progress that suggest that autonomic nerves can be induced to regenerate, and the future for patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy is brighter.
Physics of Fully Ionized Gases (1963)

This classic graduate-level volume was the first general but simple introduction to the fields of plasma and fusion research. Since its original publication in 1956, it has served as a valuable reference. Designed for those who have had an introductory course in theoretical physics but are otherwise unacquainted with the detailed kinetic theory of gases, it chiefly emphasizes macroscopic equations and their consequences.The contents are restricted to topics offering a theoretical understanding of plasma and fusion research.
Effect of grain orientation on tantalum magnetron sputtering yield (2006)

The differential sputter yields of tantalum grains during argon ion magnetron sputtering were measured and found to correlate with the atomic packing density in the uppermost atomic layer. Grains with their (110) planes aligned within 15° of the sputtering surface had the highest sputtering yield (0.95at./ion at 400eV). Simultaneously, grains oriented so that their (111) planes were within 15° of the sputtering surface had sputtering yields of around two times lower (0.47at./ion at 400eV). These results are consistent with the surface sputtering rather than the channeling model. A correlation was found between the number of free atoms on the surface as determined using a facetted surface model and the measured sputtering yield.
Development of a High-Speed Multi-frame CMOS Camera. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Evaporative Cooling Efficiency of a Fogging System for Greenhouses (2003)

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of fogging system (FS) for greenhouses. The experiments were carried out in a multi-span plastic greenhouse (PG), 105.6 m wide and 205 m long, made of 11 spans. The FS consists of a water softener and filters to prevent nozzle clogging, a water reservoir, pumps and a pressure regulator, and fog generating nozzles (FGN). The required pressure for FGN was 4.5 atm. Three nozzle lines with 82 FGN were installed in each span of the PG. At each nozzle line, 82 FGN were uniformly located at 2.5 m nozzle spacing. The FGN parameters were determined in order to characterize the efficiency of the FS based on air flow rate (AFR) and evaporation flow rate (EFR). The results showed that the FS was able to keep the air temperature inside the PG 6.6 oC lower than the outside. The average ventilation rate of the PG was 13.64 m3 s-1 during the experimental period. The efficiency of the FS ranged from 11.7% to 80%. The efficiency of the FS increased as the difference between the dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and wet-bulb temperature (WBT) rose. The results indicated that air relative humidity (RH) inside the PG was increased by 25% on average by means of the FS examined in this study. The EFR varied between 130.3 g m-2 h-1 and 1223.4 g m-2 h-1, while the AFR ranged from 39.3 kg m-2 h-1 to 298.7 kg m-2 h-1. Fogging system efficiency (FSE) increased linearly with EFR and absolute humidity difference (AHD) between the inside and outside air.
Modification of Hydroxybenzopyranoids: Facile Deoxygenation of 2,2-Dimethyl-7-hydroxy-4-chromanones and a New Approach to Their Novel Mercapto Analogs (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of Hydroxybenzopyranoids: Facile Deoxygenation of 2,2-Dimethyl-7-hydroxy-4-chromanones and a New Approach to Their Novel Mercapto AnalogsPeter Sebok, Tibor Timar, Tibor Eszenyi, and Tamas PatonayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 21, 6318–6321Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00100a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of aluminum halide-alkylpyridinium halide molten salts and their benzene solutions (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of aluminum halide-alkylpyridinium halide molten salts and their benzene solutionsJ. Robinson, R. C. Bugle, H. L. Chum, D. Koran, and R. A. OsteryoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 14, 3776–3779Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00508a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00508a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perovskite and Conjugated Polymer Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High-Performance Transistors and Phototransistors (2019)

Although organic-inorganic halide perovskites continue to generate considerable interest due to great potentials for various optoelectronic devices, there are some critical obstacles to practical applications, including lead toxicity, relatively low field-effect mobility, and strong hysteresis during operation. This paper proposes a universal approach to significantly improve mobility and operational stability with reduced dual-sweep hysteresis for perovskite-based thin film transistors (TFTs) by coupling low-dimensional lead-free perovskite material (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>4</sub> (hereafter abbreviated as (PEA)<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>4</sub>) with embedded conjugated polymer wrapped semiconducting carbon nanotubes (semi-CNTs). In (PEA)<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>4</sub>/semi-CNT hybrid TFTs, semi-CNTs can provide highway-like transport paths, enabling smoother carrier transport with less trapping and scattering. We also demonstrate the performance of (PEA)<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>4</sub>/semi-CNT hybrid phototransistors with ultrahigh photoresponsivity ( R) of 6.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> A/W and detectivity ( D*) of 1.12 × 10<sup>17</sup> Jones, which is about 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the best devices available to date. The results indicate promising potentials for solution-processed perovskite/semi-CNT hybrid platforms, and the developed strategy can be applied for high-performance perovskite nanomaterial optoelectronics.
Mechanochemistry of Cardiac Muscle (1968)

The aim of this study was to evaluate utilization of chemical energy in relation to myocardial mechanics in variably afterloaded contractions of cardiac muscle by determining total energy utilization (∼P) in the absence of energy production. Right ventricular papillary muscles of cats were equilibrated at 26°C in a myograph in Krebs' solution while contracting isometrically (12/min). Following treatment with iodoacetate and N 2 to inhibit completely ATP production from glycolytic and aerobic metabolism, the muscles were stimulated to contract isotonically 20 to 75 times with varying after loads. They were then rapidly frozen in liquid N 2 -cooled isopentane, and concentrations of ATP, creatine phosphate, inorganic phosphate and creatine were measured. The efficiency of energy utilization for the performance of internal work was 0.0067 µmoles ∼P/g-cm of work and for external work was 0.0031 µmoles ∼P/g-cm. In addition, resting energy utilization was 0.662 µmoles/g/min and activation energy was estimated to be 0.040 µmoles/g/contraction. These findings provide a demonstration of the Fenn effect in cardiac muscle and explain the well-known discrepancy in energy cost when cardiac work is increased by increasing pressure load as opposed to increasing volume load.
Comprehensive phenotyping and biological marker discovery (2002)

There is an enormous unmet need for biological markers to characterize disease type, status, progression, and response to therapy. We are developing and applying an integrated bioanalytical platform and clinical research program to facilitate comprehensive differential phenotyping of patient samples and enable the discovery of biomarkers. The platform employs high-throughput, quantitative analysis for the characterization of thousands of parameters including cell populations, cell-surface antigen density, soluble proteins and soluble low molecular weight biomolecules, from small-volume biological samples in a clinical research laboratory-like setting.
Advanced Grid Stiffened Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tube Encased Concrete Cylinders (2007)

In this study, a new confinement device — an advanced grid stiffened (AGS) composite tube, which was made of a lattice of interlaced fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) ribs that was wrapped by a FRP skin — was used to encase concrete cylinders. Two types of cylinders were prepared. One was a circular cylinder and the other was a square cylinder. For the circular cylinders, a uniaxial compression test was conducted; for the square cylinders, both uniaxial compression test and four-point bending test were conducted. A finite element analysis was implemented by considering the concrete within the cell or bay area as a Winkler foundation. The test results showed that the AGS tube confined concrete cylinders displayed a considerable positive or constructive composite action due to the mechanical interlocking. The AGS tube provided an `active' confinement to the concrete core. The elastic range, the specific axial strength, and the specific axial strain of the circular AGS cylinders, and the specific bending strength and deflection of the square AGS beams were higher than those encased by solid FRP tubes, solid steel tubes, or steel grid tubes. The square AGS tubes were not as effective as the circular AGS tubes in confining concrete. The finite element analysis showed that increasing the thickness and stiffness of the rib would be effective in further increasing the load carrying capacity of the circular AGS tube encased concrete cylinders.
Small Probe Reentry Investigation for TPS Engineering (SPRITE) (2012)

Small Probe Reentry Investigation for TPS Engineering (SPRITE) is a novel concept for a comparatively low-cost means of certifying thermal protection system (TPS) materials for spaceflight. By developing a fully instrumented small-scale test platform that can be tested both in arc-jet facilities and in flight, SPRITE promises to improve the ground-to-flight traceability of TPS qualification programs by implementing the NASA “test-like-you-fly” policy. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of the proof-of-concept SPRITE test articles, development and capabilities of the SPRITE flight-like data acquisition system, and fidelity of the design tools used in the effort. With the successful completion of this stage of the SPRITE project, the next test article to be built will have a hemispherical backshell as originally designed for flight stability. Unlike the initial proof-of-concept probes, TPS for the next test article will be scaled according to current margins policies for arc-jet testing at relevant flight-like aerothermal environments. At the conclusion of the ground test campaign, SPRITE probes will be ready for flight testing and, ultimately, acceptance into future mission planning where they will contribute to more affordable access to space for both large and small science payloads.
Nonlinear control of a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system with thermal load estimation (1999)

This paper presents a nonlinear controller for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system capable of maintaining comfort conditions under time varying thermal loads. The controller consist of a regulator and a disturbance rejection component designed using Lyapunov stability theory. The mitigation of the effect of thermal loads other than design loads on the system is due to an online thermal load and state estimator. The availability of the thermal load estimates allows the controller to keep comfort regardless of the thermal loads affecting the thermal space being heated or cooled. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the potential for keeping comfort and saving energy of this methodology on a variable-air-volume HVAC system operating on cooling mode.
Synthetic ion channels and pores (2004–2005) (2006)

This critical review covers synthetic ion channels and pores created between January 2004 and December 2005 comprehensively. The discussion of a rich collection of structural motifs may particularly appeal to organic, biological, supramolecular and polymer chemists. Functions addressed include ion selectivity and molecular recognition, as well as responsiveness to light, heat, voltage and membrane composition. The practical applications involved concern certain topics in medicinal chemistry (antibiotics, drug delivery), catalysis and sensing. An introduction to principles and methods is provided for the non-specialist; some new sources of inspiration from fields beyond chemistry are highlighted.