gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contactless heart rate monitor for multiple persons in a video (2016)

In this paper a contactless heart rate (HR) measurement system has been proposed. Algorithm has been developed to process video in real-time captured using a webcam. In the first step face and region of interests (cheeks) are detected. RGB color model is used for analysis; hence three color traces, R, G, B are obtained for the video. Fast Fourier transform is applied to the traces and peak frequency is detected after band pass filtering. The HR was calculated using the peak frequency. The results obtained from three channels of the RGB model are compared for their accuracy. It ahs been observed that the green channel gives better results. The algorithms were implemented; for multiple subjects in a frame and different illumination conditions. The algorithms were also tested; for different distances between the subject and the camera. The minimum percentage error of 3.1% is achieved; in the presence of movement and multiple persons at the relative distance of 70 cm.
Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging (2012)

SKIN AGING IS A MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESS CONSISTING OF TWO DISTINCT AND INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS: intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Youthful skin retains its turgor, resilience and pliability, among others, due to its high content of water. Daily external injury, in addition to the normal process of aging, causes loss of moisture. The key molecule involved in skin moisture is hyaluronic acid (HA) that has unique capacity in retaining water. There are multiple sites for the control of HA synthesis, deposition, cell and protein association and degradation, reflecting the complexity of HA metabolism. The enzymes that synthesize or catabolize HA and HA receptors responsible for many of the functions of HA are all multigene families with distinct patterns of tissue expression. Understanding the metabolism of HA in the different layers of the skin and the interactions of HA with other skin components will facilitate the ability to modulate skin moisture in a rational manner.
Stimulation of dna synthesis by ascorbate in cultures of articular chondrocytes (1982)

The addition of 0.2 mM Na L-ascorbate increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by rabbit articular chondrocytes in cell and organ culture. The stimulatory response of explants to ascorbate was potentiated by pretreatment of the cartilage with 0.2% clostridial collagenase (type 1) or trypsin for 15-30 minutes. In explants there was a latent period of 3 to 4 days before increased labeling of the nuclei could be detected. The effect was transient and declined after 8 days of culture. It was more evident in organ cultures of immature (3-month-old) than 2- to 3-year-old rabbits. Age differences were not detected in cell cultures. Explants of adult human articular cartilage were stimulated by ascorbate when the medium was supplemented with 10% fresh human serum but not by fetal bovine serum. The findings indicated that synthesis of DNA by articular chondrocytes in situ is regulated by responsiveness of the cells proper to compounds such as vitamin C, by properties of the extracellular matrix, and by factors in the serum. Ascorbate was cytotoxic at concentrations greater than 0.2 mM in the presence of certain batches of serum.
Behavior of a multiloop dc superconducting quantum interference device (1982)

Measurements of low inductance dc superconducing quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are presented. The SQUIDs used for such measurements are made using a photolithographic technique similar to that one developed by IBM for the superconducting computer. On the same chip a coil is evaporated with a coupling coefficient k to the SQUID larger than 0.33. The best measured intrinsic energy sensitivity is 4 h. Possible improvements in the design are proposed.
Electrical tuning of the silicon-based 2-D photonic bandgap structures (2005)

Silicon-based 2-D photonic bandgap (PBG) structures have an unmatched potential for integration with well-established microelectronic devices and circuits. They can allow for compact optical devices with enhanced functionality and performance. While a number of passive PBG silicon-based devices have already been demonstrated, electrical tuning of their properties has yet to be implemented. PBG tuning can be achieved by replacing the air inside the device with active optical material, for example liquid crystals (LCs) or an electro-optic polymer. The two main requirements necessary for tuning in PBG structures are (i) the electric field of the control signal should be present inside the active optical material to modify its properties, and (ii) the energy of the optical mode of interest should be distributed inside the active material. While the latter condition can be satisfied by proper optical design, the former requirement is difficult to satisfy due to external electric field screening by the conductive silicon walls. In this work, an analysis of this effect is conducted and guidelines to overcome screening and thus allow for switching are suggested. Further, by using LCs as an active optical material, electric field switching in 2-D silicon-based PBG structures is demonstrated for the first time. Results of this work can lead to the development of silicon-based switches, active routers and filters for future optical interconnects.
Finite element mesh control by integer programming (1993)

Abstract A novel technique is presented for the control of mapped quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes generated inside a collection of connected subregions. Target division numbers on the subregion edges are given as input. By allowing these numbers to vary, meshes can be found which satisfy both the subregion constraints imposed by the mesh patterns being employed, and the compatibility constraints on edges shared by two or more adjacent subregions. Among all such feasible solutions the optimal one is obtained by minimizing the changes to the division numbers, using an integer programming technique.
Long-Term Culture of Mouse Vibrissal Dermal Papilla Cells and <i>De Novo</i> Hair Follicle Induction (2007)

We have succeeded in culturing dermal papilla (DP) cells long term and developed new techniques that enhance their hair follicle-inducing efficiency in a patch assay. The outgrowing DP cells from mouse vibrissae were markedly stimulated by 10% fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco's modified essential medium that included fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Moreover, the potency of proliferation was maintained during serial cultivations (more than 30 passages). We combined these established DP cells with epidermal cells and implanted them subcutaneously into athymic mice to examine their hair follicle-inducing ability. New hair follicles were induced by dissociated DP cells at earlier passages (under passage 4), but the cells from later passages could not induce follicles. We next aggregated the DP cells to form spheres and then injected them with epidermal cells. Unlike the dissociated DP cells, the spheres made from the later passaged cells (more than 10 passages) did induce new hair follicles. We examined several genes specific for DP of anagen follicles and confirmed that their expression level was elevated in the spheres compared with their expression level in adherent DP cells. These results suggest that FGF-2 is essential for dermal papilla cell culture and that sphere formation partially models the intact DP, resulting in hair follicle induction, even by later passaged cells.
MnO<sub>2</sub>-Based Nanoplatform Serves as Drug Vehicle and MRI Contrast Agent for Cancer Theranostics (2017)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) greatly impedes the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, on the surface of tumor cells is a major mechanism in MDR. In this study, we fabricated manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>)/doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded albumin nanoparticles (BMDN) for magnetic resonance imaging and reversing MDR in resistant tumor. BMDN facilitated the delivery of DOX into MDR tumor cells through their MDR reversal effects including enhanced cellular uptake, reduced drug efflux, and decreased hypoxic tumor microenvironment. BMDN also acted as an effective MRI contrast agent, thereby causing good in vitro and in vivo T<sub>1</sub>-weighted imaging.
Oxysterols in the circulation of patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: abnormal levels of 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (2001)

Infants with the cholesterol synthesis defect Smith- Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLO) have reduced activity of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol-7-reductase and accumulate 7-dehydrocholesterol, with the highest concentration in the brain. As a result of the generally reduced content of cholesterol, plasma levels of oxysterols would be expected to be reduced. 24S-hydroxycholesterol is almost exclusively formed in the brain, whereas 27-hydroxycholesterol is mainly formed from extrahepatic and extracerebral cholesterol. In accordance with the expectations, sterol-correlated plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were reduced in infants with SLO (by about 50%). In contrast, the sterol-correlated levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation were markedly increased. No side-chain oxidized metabolites of 7-dehydrocholesterol were detected in the circulation. Recombinant human CYP27 had markedly lower 27-hydroxylase activity toward 7-dehydrocholesterol than towards cholesterol. HEK293 cells expressing 24S-hydroxylase active toward cholesterol had no significant activity towards 7-dehydrocholesterol. The plasma levels of 3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic in the patients acid were reduced, suggesting a generally reduced metabolism of 27-oxygenated steroids. It is concluded that the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the brains of patients with SLO reduces formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol. The condition is associated with markedly increased circulating levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol, most probably due to reduced metabolism of this oxysterol. We discuss the possibility that the circulating levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol may be used as a marker for the severity of the disease.--Björkhem, I., L. Starck, U. Andersson, D. Lütjohann, S. von Bahr, I. Pikuleva, A. Babiker, and U. Diczfaulsy. Oxysterols in the circulation of patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: abnormal levels of 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 366--371.
Better Together: Outcomes of Cooperation Versus Competition in Social Exergaming (2014)

Children and adolescents most often play active videogames, or exergames, in a social environment. Social play may enhance the potential benefits of an exergaming experience, much like group exercise and team sports are observed to improve physical activity-related outcomes above those of solitary exercise. Two ubiquitous elements of exergames are cooperation and competition. Previous literature suggests that cooperative and competitive aspects of exergames may affect physiological and psychosocial changes. Competitive play has been found to increase energy expenditure and aggression in short bouts of exergaming. Cooperative exergaming has been found to increase motivation, promote continued play, enhance self-efficacy, and increase pro-social behaviors. In one study, a cooperative exergaming condition also resulted in significant weight loss for overweight and obese adolescents. Individual player differences such as individual preferences, competitiveness, weight status, age, gender, and ethnicity may moderate effects. Although the current volume of literature on competition and cooperation in exergaming is small, social exergames hold promise as an engaging alternative to traditional physical activity interventions and may promote a broad range of positive outcomes for children and adolescents. Principles of cooperation and competition are applicable for developers of health-promoting games. Future research is needed to further understand the mechanisms of how competition and cooperation in social exergaming impact physiological and psychosocial outcomes.
Stone walls do a prison make and iron bars a cage (1992)

I have lived to the age of twenty three years and I had never known that here really was a world such as this, here in our own midst, with its own criminal parlance, and its own terribly different, terribly mysterious way of life (Bosman 1983:21). These words belong to South Africa's celebrated poet and teller of tales, Herman Charles Bosman, who, as a youth in his twenties, was in 1926 sentenced to death for the unpremeditated murder of his step-brother.
Essential role of the Vp2 and Vp3 DNA-binding domain in simian virus 40 morphogenesis (1995)

Both a DNA-binding domain and a Vp1 interactive determinant have been mapped to the carboxy-terminal 40 residues of the simian virus 40 (SV40) minor capsid proteins, Vp2 and Vp3 (Vp2/3), with the last 13 residues being necessary for these activities. The role of this DNA-binding domain in SV40 morphogenesis and the ability to separate these two signals were investigated by mutagenesis and assessment of the activity and viability of the mutants. The carboxy-terminal 40 residues of Vp2/3 were expressed as a polyhistidine fusion protein, and five basic residues at the extreme carboxy terminus (Vp3 residues K226, R227, R228, R230, and R233) were mutagenized. The wild-type fusion protein bound DNA with a Kd of 3 x 10(-8) identical to that of the full-length Vp3. Mutant proteins containing either one to three or four amino acid substitutions bound DNA 4- to 7-fold or 20- to 30-fold less well, respectively, than the wild-type protein did. The most severe point mutants showed residual DNA binding similar to that of a truncated protein which lacks the entire 13 carboxy-terminal residues. All of the point mutants were able to interact with Vp1, indicating that the two signals within this region are mediated by different residues. When the mutations were placed into the context of the viral DNA and introduced into cells, all the structural proteins were expressed and localized correctly. Not all, however, were viable: mutant genomes whose Vp2/3 bound DNA with intermediate affinities formed plaques just as well as wild-type SV40 DNA did, but three mutants showing greatly reduced DNA binding failed to form plaques at all. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Vp2/3 plays an essential role in SV40 virion assembly in the nucleus.
Dependence of the magnitude of the Stiles—Crawford effect on retinal location (1967)

1. The directional sensitivity (Stiles-Crawford effect) of retinal cones is supposed to be associated with their shape, but only extrafoveal cones have a cone-like shape; cones in the central fovea are elongated and look like rods.2. To determine whether the directional sensitivity of cones depends on their shape, the Stiles-Crawford effect was measured both in the central fovea and in the parafovea of the human eye.2. To ensure that the cone population tested was homogeneous, a small brief test flash, brought into the eye through the centre of the pupil, was placed at threshold by varying the intensity of a large adapting field. The directional sensitivity of the cones was determined by finding the efficiency of light to act as an adapting background as a function of position of entry in the pupil.4. Central foveal cones have a less pronounced directional sensitivity than parafoveal cones and this lends support to the conclusion that the Stiles-Crawford effect is connected with the shape of the retinal receptors.
Parallel HEV Hybrid Controller Modeling for Power Management (2010)

In this paper, a parallel HEV hybrid controller is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Using the driver commands, the battery state of charge and the engine map, a set of efficient rules has been developed to efficiently split the power between the engine and the motor. The steps are: 1) Estimate the instantaneous torque demand. 2) Using the estimated torque, the feedback signals and the engine map, find the best operating point and then split the power and let the engine work as near as possible to this efficient point, that can be done by controlling the motor (or generator). In the case of motor, let its torque supply the rest of the torque needed, while the engine works near its efficient point, or in the case of generator, let its torque supply an additional load to put the engine in an efficient point. 3) Control the motor to supply the transient torque demand, and keep the engine torque constant as long time as possible, this help to reduce fuel consumption. Finally simulations of a conventional and hybrid vehicle are performed using Simulink environment to check the controller and series of results will prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller and will show the advantage of hybrid powertrain over conventional one in term of fuel economy.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide-(1–34) [PTHrP- (1–34)] Induces Vasopressin Release from the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus in Vitro through a Novel Receptor Distinct from a Type I or Type II PTH/PTHrP Receptor (1997)

PTH and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) bind to a type I PTH/PTHrP receptor expressed in bone and kidney or a type II receptor in nonclassical target tissue with equal affinity and similar bioactivities. PTHrP is abundant in the central nervous system, but its physiological role remains unknown. Herein, we examined the role of PTHrP-(1-34) on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release from the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON). Application of PTHrP-(1-34) to SON slices caused an increase in AVP release in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither PTHrP-(7-34) nor PTH-(1-34) had any effect on AVP release from the SON. PTHrP-(1-34)-induced AVP release was antagonized by a large excess of PTHrP-(7-34) and by H89, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase), but not by PTH-(1-34) or PTH-(13-34). PTHrP-(1-34), but not PTH-(1-34), also dose-dependently increased the levels of cAMP in the SON. 125I-Labeled PTHrP-(1-34) bound specifically to crude membranes isolated from the SON. Scatchard analysis showed a single class of binding sites for PTHrP-(1-34) with a Kd of 36.4 nM and a maximum binding capacity of 3.94 pmol/mg protein. No specific binding for 125I-labeled PTH-(1-34) was noted. The binding of 125I-labeled PTHrP-(1-34) was displaced by unlabeled PTHrP-(1-34) and unlabeled PTHrP-(7-34), but not by unlabeled PTH-(1-34). These findings suggest that PTHrP-(1-34), but not PTH-(1-34), causes the release of AVP from the SON through a novel receptor distinct from type I or II PTH/PTHrP receptors.
Synthesis of some dibasic sulphur-containing amino-acids related to L-lysine (1966)

S-2-Aminoethyl-L-cysteine (thialysine), its Nω-methyl derivative, and S-2-aminoethyl-L-homocysteine have been prepared from the parent sulphur-containing α-amino-acids L-cysteine and L-homocysteine. The thiol amino-acids were condensed with NO-ditosylethanolamine and NO-ditosyl-N-methylethanolamine, to give Nω-tosyl derivatives, from which the protective Nω-tosyl group was removed by reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia.
Prediction of higher-selectivity catalysts by computer-driven workflow and machine learning (2019)

Catalyst design in asymmetric reaction development has traditionally been driven by empiricism, wherein experimentalists attempt to qualitatively recognize structural patterns to improve selectivity. Machine learning algorithms and chemoinformatics can potentially accelerate this process by recognizing otherwise inscrutable patterns in large datasets. Herein we report a computationally guided workflow for chiral catalyst selection using chemoinformatics at every stage of development. Robust molecular descriptors that are agnostic to the catalyst scaffold allow for selection of a universal training set on the basis of steric and electronic properties. This set can be used to train machine learning methods to make highly accurate predictive models over a broad range of selectivity space. Using support vector machines and deep feed-forward neural networks, we demonstrate accurate predictive modeling in the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed thiol addition to <i>N</i>-acylimines.
Formulation of sustained - release lithium carbonate matrix tablets: influence of hydrophilic materials on the release rate and in vitro-in vivo evaluation. (2004)

In vitro release studies demonstrated that the releases of LC from all formulated sustained matrix tablets were generally sustained. Na CMC, CP, and HPMC can, therefore, be used to modify release rates of LC in hydrophilic matrix tablets. The sustained release behavior of tablets containing 15% CP prevents high peak blood levels in man and could be given twice daily to promote patient compliance during maintenance therapy.
A Tunable Floating Gate CMOS Resistor for Low-Power and Low-Voltage Applications (2006)

This paper describes an implementation of a tunable CMOS resistor that can be fully integrated in a standard CMOS technology with low-power and low-voltage applications. It is built by exploiting the capacitive coupling and voltage storage capabilities of a floating-gate transistor. Also, a scaled-gate linearization technique is utilized to suppress the transistor nonlinearities in the triode region. The resistance of the proposed circuit is tuned by utilizing Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling and hot-electron injection quantum mechanical phenomena. We present experimental data from the chip that was fabricated in 0.5mum CMOS process, and show that this resistor exhibits total harmonic distortion (THD) better than 7-bit linearity for 1KHz 1V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> sinusoidal input
Maximal global snapshot with concurrent initiators (2002)

In a distributed system multiple nodes may initiate snapshot collection concurrently. In this paper we present a global snapshot collection algorithm that combines the information collected by each initiator. This generates a maximal, consistent global snapshot that is more recent than the snapshot collected by any initiator. Global snapshots are used to establish checkpoints for recovery from node failures. A maximal snapshot implies that the amount of computation lost during roll-back after node failures, is minimized. We also present an efficient information dissemination strategy that nodes can employ to exchange snapshot information with each other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive pulsed laser deposition of high-<i>k</i> silicon dioxide and silicon oxynitride thin films for gate-dielectric applications (2002)

We have successfully developed two reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) processes for the growth of high-k SiO2 and SiOxNy thin films. At a KrF laser intensity of 3×108 W/cm2, both SiO2 and SiOxNy films have been deposited by ablating a silicon target in a reactive gas atmosphere (O2 and O2/N2 mixture, respectively) on both Si (100) and Pt-coated Si substrates. Two key issues are presented here, namely (i) the effect of the deposition temperature (Td in the 20–450 °C range) and (ii) the effect of the N incorporation (in the 0.3–20 at. % concentration range) on the microstructure and electrical properties of PLD SiO2 and SiOxNy thin films, respectively. For the PLD-SiO2 films, 300 °C has been identified as the optimal deposition temperature that yields stoichiometric ([O]/[Si]≈1.9), hydrogen-free films with a low local disorder, a highly dense microstructure and a dielectric constant (k) higher than that quoted for thermally grown SiO2. On the other hand, the PLD SiOxNy films containing 20 at. % of N have exhibited a dielectric constant as high as ∼7. A rather good agreement is obtained between the k values deduced from the Poole–Frenkel emission (PFE) model and those obtained from direct impedance measurements, confirming thereby that the PFE remains the predominant conduction mechanism in the PLD SiOxNy films.