gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fas ligand expression in primary colon adenocarcinomas: evidence that the Fas counterattack is a prevalent mechanism of immune evasion in human colon cancer (1998)

Fas ligand (FasL) kills sensitive Fas receptor (FasR)-bearing cells by inducing apoptosis. FasL expressed by non-lymphoid cells within the eye and the testis mediates immune privilege by inducing apoptosis of Fas-sensitive infiltrating pro-inflammatory immune effector cells. It has previously been demonstrated by the present authors that the colon cancer cell SW620 expresses FasL and can kill lymphoid cells by Fas-mediated apoptosis in vitro. This ‘Fas counterattack’ was subsequently confirmed by others as a potential mechanism of immune privilege in various malignancies. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the prevalence of FasL expression in human colon cancer and to confirm that neoplastic colonic epithelial cells express FasL in vivo. The study of FasL expression by colon cancer cell lines was extended: it was shown that seven of eight colon adenocarcinoma cell lines expressed FasL mRNA, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prevalent expression of FasL was confirmed in vivo: all the resected colonic tumours examined (31/31) were found to express FasL. In the tumours, FasL protein and mRNA were co-localized to neoplastic colonic epithelial cells, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. FasL expression was independent of Dukes' stage, suggesting that it may occur throughout colon cancer progression. These results suggest that FasL is a common mediator of immune privilege in colon cancer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Service discovery and measurement based on DAML-QoS ontology (2005)

As more and more Web services are deployed, Web service's discovery mechanisms become essential. Similar services can have quite different QoS behaviors. For service selection and management purpose, it is necessary to clearly specify QoS constraints and metrics definitions for Web services. We investigate on the semantic QoS specification and introduce our design principles on it. Based on the specification refinement and conformance, we introduce the QoS matchmaking algorithm with multiple matching degrees. The matchmaking prototype is designed to prove the feasibility. Well-defined Metrics can be further utilized by measurement organizations to monitor and evaluate the promised service level objectives.
Incorporation of Graphenes in Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> Films <i>via</i> Molecular Grafting for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application (2010)

This paper presents a systematic investigation on the incorporation of chemical exfoliation graphene sheets (GS) in TiO(2) nanoparticle films via a molecular grafting method for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By controlling the oxidation time in the chemical exfoliation process, both high conductivity of reduced GS and good attachment of TiO(2) nanoparticles on the GS were achieved. Uniform GS/TiO(2) composite films with large areas on conductive glass were prepared by electrophoretic deposition, and the incorporation of GS significantly improved the conductivity of the TiO(2) nanoparticle film by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency for DSSC based on GS/TiO(2) composite films is more than 5 times higher than that based on TiO(2) alone, indicating that the incorporation of GS is an efficient means for enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance. The better PV performance of GS/TiO(2) DSSC is also attributed to the better dye loading of GS/TiO(2) film than that of TiO(2) film. The effect of GS content on the PV performances was also investigated. It was found that the power conversion efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increasing of GS concentration due to the decrease in the transmittance at high GS content. Further improvements can be expected by fully optimizing fabrication conditions and device configuration, such as increasing dye loading via thicker films. The present synthetic strategy is expected to lead to a family of composites with designed properties.
Les forêts de l'Europe et de l'U.R.S.S (1959)

George Pierre. Les forêts de l'Europe et de l'U.R.S.S. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 68, n°368, 1959. p. 356.
Arthritogenicity of minor cartilage collagens (types IX and XI) in mice (1990)

Native type II collagen, the major cartilage collagen, is immunogenic and arthritogenic in rodents. To investigate whether minor cartilage collagens are arthritogenic, we immunized DBA/1 mice with the pepsin-soluble fractions of type IX or type XI collagen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Both collagens were arthritogenic in DBA/1 mice after only 1 injection. However, the incidence of the polyarthritis was lower and the severity was lesser than with that induced by bovine type II collagen, even when a booster injection was administered. All mice developed a humoral response to the immunizing antigen, without any relationship to the arthritic status. Interestingly, competition experiments showed that antibodies raised against type XI collagen also bound with high avidity to type II collagen. In contrast, sera from type IX collagen-immunized mice did not react with either type II or type XI collagen. We conclude that types IX and XI minor cartilage collagens are both arthritogenic and immunogenic in DBA/1 mice. Whether the recognition of epitopes common to different collagens is relevant to the articular pathology remains to be elucidated.
The Covering Power of Photographic Silver Deposits I Chemical Development (1970)

AbstractThe covering powers of a wide variety of photographic silver deposits have been measured to discover the requirements for maximum covering power, for convenience, results for deposits produced by chemical development on the one hand and by physical development on the other and the inter-comparison of data are presented in three separate parts. This first part refers to chemical development.Relationships between covering power in the region of saturation density, CPS, and the size of the undeveloped grains, are presented for chemically developed emulsions representing the whole grain-size range occupied by commercial materials. In general, CPS is independent of mean grain area where this is between 0.002 and 0.05pm - and inversely proportional to its square root for larger sizes. Experimental data are analysed with the aid of an expression derived from the Nutting formula for density to separate the effects of grain size, grain size spread and grain shape. Factors affecting covering power at saturation and lower densities are discussed. NotesPaper presented at a symposium on “Factors Limiting Photographic Performance” Organized by The Royal Photographic Society on 11-13 December 1968 in London.
Kinetics of amyloid deposition. I. The effects of amyloid-enhancing factor and splenectomy. (1983)

It has long been recognized that amyloid AA deposition occurs in two phases, a predeposition and a deposition phase. The deposition phase has two distinct periods, a period of rapid deposition followed by a plateau stage. This kinetic pattern is seen in both liver and spleen and in animals in which the appearance of AA is accelerated by the administration of amyloid-enhancing factor. Amyloid-enhancing factor recipients have a shorter lag period before AA deposition is evident, but the kinetics of deposition and tissue level attained are similar to that seen in nonrecipients. It is also demonstrated that amyloid-enhancing factor activity may be generated in the liver of splenectomized animals.
Inhibition of Vascular Blockage and Increased Moisture Retention in Cut Roses Induced by pH, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Citrate, and Sucrose1 (1971)

Abstract Freshly harvested roses, Rosa hybrida ‘Better Times’, held in acid (pH 3) solutions had longer life than flowers held in less acid (pH 5-7) solutions. Increased flower longevity was due to inhibition of vascular blockage and increased water absorption in acid solutions. Increase in water absorption produced an increase in fresh weight. Sucrose supressed water absorption. Although sucrose-treated roses absorbed less solution, they gained more weight than roses held in water. Increase in fresh weight was apparently caused by stomatal closure and increased moisture retention induced by sucrose. Eight-hydroxyquinoline citrate reduced the incidence of vascular blockage and increased water absorption and flower longevity. Eight-hydroxyquinoline citrate was more effective in reducing vascular blockage in a solution at pH 4 than at pH 6. The role of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate in inhibiting vascular blockage cannot be wholly ascribed to pH effects.
c-kit associated with the transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins constitutes a functionally distinct subunit in human hematopoietic progenitors (2002)

The transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) has come into prominence for its association with a wide range of cell surface molecules, especially integrins. We report that TM4SF molecules CD9, CD63, and CD81 are physically associated with c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in the human factor-dependent myeloid cell line, MO7e. We characterized this complex using coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization methods. The c-kit coimmunoprecipitated with anti-TM4SF antibodies showed several distinct phenotypes compared to the total c-kit immunoprecipitated with anti-c-kit antibody. These included: (1) higher basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation without elevated kinase activity in the absence of Steel factor (SLF), (2) deficient enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity in response to SLF, (3) elevated binding rate of SLF shown in chemical cross-linking studies, and (4) little internalization and degradation after SLF treatment. Cocapping studies in living cells showed that c-kit colocalized with TM4SF molecules after SLF stimulation, suggesting confirmation of the biochemical data obtained by the coimmunoprecipitation studies. Colocalization of c-kit with CD81 by SLF was also observed in cord blood CD34(+) cells, suggesting the existence of functional units of c-kit in TM4SF complexes in primary hematopoietic cells. This suggests that some TM4SF members may negatively modulate function of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase and thus regulate receptor sensitivity to SLF in hematopoietic progenitors.
Behavior Patterns of the Laboratory Mouse under Auditory Stress (1951)

Journal Article Behavior Patterns of the Laboratory Mouse under Auditory Stress Get access Hubert Frings, Hubert Frings Department of Zoology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mable Frings, Mable Frings Department of Zoology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan Kivert Alan Kivert Department of Zoology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 32, Issue 1, February 1951, Pages 60–76, https://doi.org/10.2307/1375413 Published: 01 February 1951 Article history Received: 01 May 1950 Published: 01 February 1951
Probing the molten globule state of .alpha.-lactalbumin by limited proteolysis (1995)

Limited proteolysis has been used to probe the partially folded state of bovine alpha-lactalbumin (BLA) at acid pH (A-state) or dissolved in aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE-state). The sites of proteolytic fission have been determined by isolation of the various BLA fragments and comparison of their N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition after acid hydrolysis, as well as their molecular mass determined by mass spectrometry, with the known sequence of BLA. Incubation of BLA with pepsin at 20-22 degrees C and pH 2.0 in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl results in very rapid cleavage of the 123-residue chain at peptide bond Ala40-Ile41 and subsequently at Leu52-Phe53, leading to a nicked species of BLA constituted by the two fragments 1-40 and 53-123 cross-linked by the four disulfide bridges of the protein. Much slower proteolytic cleavage occurs at Tyr103-Trp104. The highly helical conformational state acquired by BLA when dissolved in aqueous buffer (pH 7.0) containing 50% (v/v) TFE was probed by the TFE-resistant thermolysin. Proteolytic cleavage occurs at the peptide bond Ala40-Ile41 and much more slowly at Phe80-Leu81. Moreover, the peptide bond Gln2-Leu3 at the N-terminus of the chain is partially cleaved by thermolysin. Conversely, native BLA in a pH 7.0 buffer is rather resistant to proteolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biochemical Factors in the Lens Opacities Case-Control Study (1995)

Lens opacities were associated with lower levels of riboflavin, vitamin E, iron, and protein nutritional status. Higher levels of uric acid increased risk of mixed opacities. The findings for riboflavin, vitamin E, iron, and uric acid are compatible with the dietary intake and medical history results of the Lens Opacities Case-Control Study.
New Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimerâ€™s Disease and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2014)

Accumulating evidence has shown a strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and cerebrovascular disease. Cognitive impairment in AD patients can result from cortical microinfarcts associated with CAA, as well as the synaptic and neuronal disturbances caused by cerebral accumulations of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins. The pathophysiology of AD may lead to a toxic chain of events consisting of Aβ overproduction, impaired Aβ clearance, and brain ischemia. Insufficient removal of Aβ leads to development of CAA and plays a crucial role in sporadic AD cases, implicating promotion of Aβ clearance as an important therapeutic strategy. Aβ is mainly eliminated by three mechanisms: (1) enzymatic/glial degradation, (2) transcytotic delivery, and (3) perivascular drainage (3-"d" mechanisms). Enzymatic degradation may be facilitated by activation of Aβ-degrading enzymes such as neprilysin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and insulin-degrading enzyme. Transcytotic delivery can be promoted by inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which mediates transcytotic influx of circulating Aβ into brain. Successful use of the RAGE inhibitor TTP488 in Phase II testing has led to a Phase III clinical trial for AD patients. The perivascular drainage system seems to be driven by motive force generated by cerebral arterial pulsations, suggesting that vasoactive drugs can facilitate Aβ clearance. One of the drugs promoting this system is cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of type 3 phosphodiesterase. The clearance of fluorescent soluble Aβ tracers was significantly enhanced in cilostazol-treated CAA model mice. Given that the balance between Aβ synthesis and clearance determines brain Aβ accumulation, and that Aβ is cleared by several pathways stated above, multi-drugs combination therapy could provide a mainstream cure for sporadic AD.
Design of Finasteride-Loaded Nanoparticles for Potential Treatment of Alopecia (2017)

Polymeric nanoparticles, prepared by using a modified method of the emulsification/solvent diffusion, showed a mean particle size around 300 nm, which may be sufficient for reaching the dermis and hair follicles and negative zeta potential values. Scanning electron microscope measurements showed that all the polymeric nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape and a smooth surface regardless of their composition. A high encapsulation efficiency was achieved for FNS (79.49 ± 0.47%). In vitro release assays in physiological conditions demonstrated that nanoparticles yielded a prolonged release of FNS for 3 h. Skin assays through an in vitro permeation study demonstrated that nanoparticles had low levels of penetration of FNS, improving its time residence onto the skin. All excipients used in nanoparticle composition and in 3 different vehicles were safe. These results suggest that the proposed novel formulation presents several good characteristics indicating its suitability for dermal delivery of FNS for alopecia treatment.
A Literature Review of Recent Developments in Reliable Multicast Error Handling (2001)

As the number of applications directed towards group collaboration and group media dissemination increases, the interest for multicast protocols has also grown during recent years. Several
Changes in Superior Sagittal Sinus Blood Velocities Due to Postural Alterations and Pressure on the Head of the Newborn Infant (1985)

A pulsed Doppler bidirectional ultrasound system has been used to measure alterations in the blood velocities in the superior sagittal sinus of the healthy term newborn infant in response to unilateral and bilateral jugular venous occlusion. These maneuvers were performed with the baby lying in different positions: supine, prone, and on the side (both left and right), the neck flexed or extended, and with the head in the midline or turned 90 degrees to the side (both left and right). Transfontanel pressure was also measured in these positions during occlusions. Results show that turning the head effectively occludes the jugular vein on the side to which the head is turned and that occluding the other jugular vein does not force blood through this functional obstruction. The effect of different forms of external pressure to the head on the superior sagittal sinus velocities was also examined. Alterations in velocities were frequently profound although they varied considerably from baby to baby. This work shows how readily large fluctuations in cranial venous velocities and pressures can occur in the course of normal handling of babies.
MLS Influence on Engine Structure and Sealing Function (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">MLS (Multi-layer steel) CHG ( Cylinder Head gasket) designs play a major role in today's sealing approach for internal combustion engine. However, as a member between cylinder block and cylinder head, it not only has a sealing function, but also influences the hardware structure. The knowledge of their interaction is critical to fulfill all necessary requirements.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses different MLS CHG designs and how they influence the hardware's structure while maintaining the seal of the assembly. Therefore, we investigate major parameters like sealing stress, sealing gap lift-off, bore distortion and etc. A comparison is made between different designs, using experimental data as well as finite element analysis. Because of the vast number of designs and their interactions between the hardware and gasket, the focus is on basic trends of their influences. To obtain useful information in a short period of time, theoretical up-front simulation and experimental testing is going hand-in-hand during design development.</div>
5'-Terminal and internal methylated nucleotide sequences in HeLa cell mRNA (1976)

The 5'-terminal oligonucleotides m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNp and m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNmpNp were isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography after enzymatic digestion of 32P- or methyl-3H-labeled poly(A)" HeLa cell mRNA. The recovery of such oligonucleotides indicated that a high percentage of mRNA has blocked termini. The dimethylated nucleoside, N6, O2'-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), as well as the four common 2'-O-methylribonucleosides (Gm, Am, Um, Cm) were present in the second position linked through the triphosphate bridge to 7-methylguanosine (m7G) whereas little m6Am was in the third position. The only internal methylated nucleoside, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), was found exclusively as m6ApC and Apm6ApC after digestion with RNase A, T1, and alkaline phosphatase. Digestion with RNase A and alkaline phat pyrimidines are present in much smaller amounts or absent from this position. These results imply a considerable sequence specificity since there are thousands of different mRNA species in HeLa cells. Our studies are consistent with the following model of HeLa cell mRNA in which Nm may be m6Am, Gm, Cm, Um, or Am and one or more m6A residues are present at an unspecified internal location: m7G(5')ppp(5')Nm-(Nm)---(G or A)-m6A-C---(A)100-200A.
Polymer Blend Latex Films: Morphology and Transparency (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer Blend Latex Films: Morphology and TransparencyJianrong Feng, Mitchell A. Winnik, Richard R. Shivers, and Brian ClubbCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7671–7682Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1270Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IntroductionEngaging the Field (1995)

This book is about the meaning of physician competence in medical practice, medical politics, and medical education in the United States in the late twentieth century. Its central theme is an exploration of competence as a core symbol in the culture of American medicine and an examination of what competence means to individual physicians and to the profession at large. Rather than pursue a single ethnographic story or linear argument, this book approaches the study of physician competence as a puzzle to be assembled from several ethnographic and analytic perspectives. This chapter concludes with an analytic frame for disaggregating these multiple voices and for aiding the thinking about the social contexts and political purposes reflected in these distinct discourses on medical competence.