gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expanding Role of NMDA Receptor Antagonists in the Management of Pain (2019)

Pain management is complex regardless of whether the pain is acute or chronic in nature or non-cancer or cancer related. In addition, relatively few pain pharmacotherapy options with adequate efficacy and safety data currently exist. Consequently, interest in the role of NMDA receptor antagonists as a pharmacological pain management strategy has surfaced. This narrative review provides an overview of the NMDA receptor and elaborates on the pharmacotherapeutic profile and pain management literature findings for the following NMDA receptor antagonists: ketamine, memantine, dextromethorphan, and magnesium. The literature on this topic is characterized by small studies, many of which exhibit methodological flaws. To date, ketamine is the most studied NMDA receptor antagonist for both acute and chronic pain management. Although further research about NMDA receptor antagonists for analgesia is needed and the optimal dosage/administration regimens for these drugs have yet to be determined, ketamine appears to hold the most promise and may be of particular value in the perioperative pain management realm.
Eradication of Bacteria in Suspension and Biofilms Using Methylene Blue-Loaded Dynamic Nanoplatforms (2009)

The bacterial killing efficiency of a dynamic nanoplatform (DNP) was evaluated. The polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel matrix of the DNP was loaded with methylene blue (MB) and was previously applied successfully to killing rat C6 glioma tumor cells in culture. This series of experiments is aimed at determining the suitability of this nanoplatform for elimination of bacterial infections. Suspended cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter sp. were exposed to activated ( approximately 650-nm laser light) MB-PAA-DNPs. The killing efficiency of nanoparticle mass concentration, light irradiance and fluence, and dark incubation time was determined on each of the bacterial species. Moreover, the ability of activated MB-PAA-DNPs to inhibit biofilm growth and eradicate and disperse preformed biofilms, preformed on glass and polystyrene surfaces, was demonstrated. The data revealed that activated MB-PAA-DNPs eradicated all species of bacteria examined. Also, encapsulation of MB into the PAA-DNP matrix significantly diminished the observed dark toxicity of free dye. The photobactericidal efficacy of MB-PAA-DNP was found to be higher for gram-positive bacteria than for gram-negative bacteria. In addition, activated MB-PAA-DNP can inhibit biofilm growth and eradicate almost all of the early-age biofilms that are formed by all of the bacteria examined.
Boosting the performance of resistive switching memory with a transparent ITO electrode using supercritical fluid nitridation (2017)

A low temperature supercritical fluid nitridation (SCF-nitridation) technique was investigated to dope nitrogen into a indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode to boost the performance of hafnium oxide resistive random access memory (RRAM).
Baculovirus Expression of the Fusion Protein Gene of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Utility of the Recombinant Protein in a Diagnostic Enzyme Immunoassay (1998)

The fusion (F) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was expressed by using a baculovirus vector. Antigenicity was tested by immunofluorescence analysis with F-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies to recombinant F protein raised in a rabbit neutralized BRSV and human respiratory syncytial virus infectivity when tested in a plaque reduction assay. The recombinant F protein was evaluated as a source of antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and this ELISA was compared with the virus neutralization (VN) test for detecting BRSV antibodies in 10 consecutive serum samples from four calves vaccinated with a live modified BRSV vaccine and from two nonvaccinated control calves. The ELISA with the baculovirus-expressed F protein as an antigen compared favorably with the VN test and is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for detecting serum antibodies to BRSV.
Effects of 1 or 2 treatments with prostaglandin F2α on subclinical endometritis and fertility in lactating dairy cows inseminated by timed artificial insemination (2013)

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the efficacy of PGF₂α as a therapy to reduce the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and improve pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in cows subjected to a timed artificial insemination (AI) program. A total of 1,342 lactating Holstein dairy cows were allocated randomly at 25 ± 3 d in milk (DIM) to remain as untreated controls (control, n=454) or to receive a single PGF₂α treatment at 39 ± 3 DIM (1PGF, n=474) or 2 treatments with PGF(α at 25 ± 3 and 39 ± 3 DIM (2PGF, n=414). All cows were enrolled in the double Ovsynch program at 48 ± 3 DIM and were inseminated at 75 ± 3 DIM. A subset of 357 cows had uterine samples collected for cytological examination at 25 ± 3, 32 ± 3, and 46 ± 3 DIM to determine the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Subclinical endometritis was defined by the presence of ≥ 5% PMNL. Vaginal discharge score was evaluated at 25 ± 3 DIM and used to define the prevalence of purulent vaginal discharge. Body condition score was assessed at 25 ± 3 DIM. Pregnancy was diagnosed 32 d after AI and reconfirmed 28 d later. At 32 ± 3 DIM, the prevalence of subclinical endometritis was reduced by treatment with PGF₂α at 25 ± 3 DIM in 2PGF (control=23.5% vs. 1PGF=28.3% vs. 2PGF=16.7%); however, this benefit disappeared at 46 ± 3 DIM, and 14% of the cows remained with subclinical endometritis. One or 2 treatments with PGF₂α did not influence P/AI on d 32 or 60 after timed AI, which averaged 39.9 and 35.2%. Similarly, treatment with PGF₂α had no effect on pregnancy loss between 32 and 60 d of gestation (11.9%). Cows diagnosed with both purulent vaginal discharge and subclinical endometritis had the lowest P/AI and the highest pregnancy loss compared with those diagnosed with only 1 of the 2 diseases or compared with cows having no diagnosis of uterine diseases. Interestingly, subclinical endometritis depressed P/AI and increased pregnancy loss only when it persisted until 46 DIM. On d 32 after AI, cows not diagnosed with subclinical endometritis and those that resolved subclinical endometritis by 46 DIM had greater P/AI than those that remained with subclinical endometritis at 46 DIM (45.4 and 40.0 vs. 25.0%, respectively). Similar to P/AI, cows not diagnosed with subclinical endometritis and those that resolved subclinical endometritis by 46 DIM had less pregnancy loss than those with subclinical endometritis at 46 DIM (9.6 and 13.5 vs. 43.9%, respectively). One or 2 treatments with PGF₂α before initiation of the timed AI program were unable to improve uterine health, P/AI, and maintenance of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Cows diagnosed with both purulent vaginal discharge and subclinical endometritis had the greatest depressions in measures of fertility at first AI, particularly when subclinical endometritis persisted in the early postpartum period.
Cardiomyocyte-Specific Loss of Neurofibromin Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction (2009)

This report describes a critical role of Nf1 in the regulation of cardiac growth and function. Activation of pathways known to be involved in cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction are seen with the loss of myocardial neurofibromin.
A three-dimensional imaging system for archiving dental study casts: a preliminary report. (1997)

Dental study casts form an essential part of patient records for both diagnostic and medicolegal purposes. Storage of study casts poses major problems because of inconvenience and cost of mass storage. Various methods for recording and storage of study casts are discussed. A new biostereometric technique for digitally recording and storing dental casts, and using the recent advances in stereophotogrammetry, is presented. Archiving dental casts in a digital format would reduce problems of mass storage and provide new benefits such as duplication of casts and use in clinical and research studies.
RNAII transcribed by IPTG-induced T7 RNA polymerase is non-functional as a replication primer for ColE1-type plasmids in Escherichia coli (1995)

RNAII, an RNA species encoded by ColE1-type plasmids, serves as a primer for plasmid DNA replication. Previous work has shown that overproduction of RNAII transcribed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase results in elevated plasmid copy number. To produce a plasmid in which the elevation of its copy number is inducible, we placed transcription of RNAII under the control of a bacteriophage T7 late promoter regulated by IPTG-inducible T7 RNA polymerase. During induction of T7 RNA polymerase by IPTG, we found that RNAII was overexpressed, but that, surprisingly, this increase in RNAII did not result in elevation of plasmid copy number. These results suggest that RNAII transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase does not function as a primer for plasmid DNA replication. Since RNAII function requires folding of its multiple stem-loop structures in a precise conformation and folding of RNAII can be influenced by its rate of transcription, the extremely rapid rate of travel of the T7 RNA polymerase may preclude proper folding of RNAII during its elongation.
Postmodem Pictures of Culture (1992)

This article challenges the modern concept of corporate culture by using ideas from the postmodern critique of modernism. Postmodernism is treated as a source of critical inspiration when creating contrasting images to the modern assumptions of cultural depth, unity, and consistency. Opposed to modernism, postmodernism has focused on superficial multiplicity, difference, and discontinuity in which the notion of verified truth has lost its meaning to notions of successful and seductive truths competing in the postmodern marketplace. In this article, postmodernism questions three dominant assumptions behind modem conceptualizations of corporate culture and shows how the same cultural expressions, described by these modernist assumptions, may be represented from a postmodernist point of view. First, postmodernism questions the modernist assumption of corporate culture as patterns of meanings and values located at the depth of the organization, which are expressed through a variety of symbols and artifacts. Second, postmodernism questions the notion of corporate culture as a vehicle for the specific identity of organizations. Lastly, postmodernism strikes against the modem assumption that corporate culture is able to regulate the behavior of the members of the organization through meaningful events and internalized knowledge. Postmodernism asks new critical questions of the cultural revival of the 1980s and presents new and alternative ways of perceiving corporate culture, highlighting the schism between modernism and postmodernism in postindustrial organizations.
Construction and evaluation of fault detection network for signal validation (1992)

The authors present a method for evaluating and constructing a sensor failure detection network for nuclear power plant signal validation. The network is arranged in a fault tree structure which consists of sensors, mathematical models for sensor relations, and decision/estimators derived from parity relations. The evaluation scheme performs a logic state analysis to categorize critical signals and the associated sensors. The construction scheme cooperates with the evaluation scheme to build a detection network automatically using a rule-based algorithm. The package was implemented on a microcomputer, and was demonstrated for the nuclear steam supply system of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural and electroacoustic studies of AlN thin films during low temperature radio frequency sputter deposition (2001)

AlN is a material used in a wide variety of applications such as electroacoustic devices, blue diodes, IR windows, thermal conductors, metal–insulator–semiconductor structures, integrated circuit packaging, etc. In this work thin piezoelectric AlN polycrystalline films have been grown on Si and SiO2 using rf magnetron sputter deposition in an Ar/N2 gas mixture. The structural properties of the films have been optimized by varying the deposition parameters, such as process pressure, gas mixture, substrate temperature, discharge power, etc. [K. Tominaga et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 35, 4972 (1996); H. Okana et al., ibid. 31, 3446 (1992); K. Kazuya, T. Hanabusa, and K. Tominaga, Thin Solid Films 281-282, 340 (1996)]. It was found that the best film texture was obtained for a particular set of parameters, namely process pressure of 4 mTorr, substrate temperature 350 °C, discharge power 350 W, and a gas mixture of 25% Ar and 75% N2. The films as examined by x-ray diffraction exhibited a columnar structure with a strong (001) texture, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) rocking curve of 1.6°. Atomic force microscopy measurements indicated a surface roughness with a rms value of 8 Å. Classical nonapodized transversal surface acoustic wave filters operating at a frequency of 534 MHz were fabricated to characterize the electroacoustic properties of the films. The measurements indicated a coupling coefficient of 0.37% and a phase velocity of 4900 m/s. Further, thin epitaxial films were grown on (001)α-Al2O3 (sapphire) under the same deposition conditions except the substrate temperature. The films exhibited a (001)AlN//(001)α-Al2O3 plane orientation with a (002) rocking curve FWHM value of about 0.4°, showing a relatively good alignment of the c axis. The in-plane orientation was [110]AlN//[120]α-Al2O3 corresponding to a rotation of the AlN film of 30° with respect to the (001)α-Al2O3 surface. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies indicated a population of both thread and edge dislocations with decreasing concentrations with film thickness.
Functions of Semaphorins in Axon Guidance and Neuronal Regeneration (2000)

The semaphorin family comprises secreted and transmembrane signaling proteins that function in the nervous, immune, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Sema3A, a secreted type of semaphorin, is now recognized as the most potent repulsive molecule inhibiting or repelling neurite outgrowth. The biological actions of Sema3A are mediated via neuropilin (Npn)-1, a receptor or one of the components of a receptor complex for Sema3A. Although the molecular mechanisms of Sema3A-Npn-1 signaling are largely unknown, a pertussis toxin-sensitive trimeric G protein(s), Rac-1, collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP), cyclic nucleotides and tyrosine kinase(s) have been implicated as essential and/or modulatory components of these processes. As repulsive molecules could be impediments to axon outgrowth, determining how these repulsive molecules exert their actions has the potential of uncovering new therapeutic approaches to injury and/or degeneration of neuronal tissues.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Keystone of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche and a Stepping-Stone for Regenerative Medicine (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing precursor cells that can differentiate into bone, fat, cartilage, and stromal cells of the bone marrow. Recent studies suggest that MSCs themselves are critical for forming a niche that maintains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The ease by which human MSC-like and stromal progenitor cells can be isolated from the bone marrow and other tissues has led to the rapid development of clinical investigations exploring their anti-inflammatory properties, tissue preservation capabilities, and regenerative potential. However, the identity of genuine MSCs and their specific contributions to these various beneficial effects have remained enigmatic. In this article, we examine the definition of MSCs and discuss the importance of rigorously characterizing their stem cell activity. We review their role and that of other putative niche constituents in the regulation of bone marrow HSCs. Additionally, how MSCs and their stromal progeny alter immune function is discussed, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
Large electric machines for aircraft electric propulsion (2018)

To achieve benefits similar to those seen in hybrid‐/all‐electric ground‐based and marine vehicles, electric propulsion has been proposed for large commercial aircraft. Among the main drivers of this are improved fuel economy, reduced harmful emissions, and lower audible noise. In converting to electric propulsion, the added electrical components’ masses must be minimised so that the benefits that the components enable – improved turbine efficiency, distributed propulsion and propulsion‐airframe integration – are not cancelled out by their weight penalty. This puts stringent requirements on the large electric machines used in the system, both those that generate electric power from the turbine shaft and those that drive propellers or ducted fans, because they are among the heaviest of the added electric components. A key machine design metric in this application is the specific power (SP), or the power‐to‐mass ratio. This study gives a comprehensive overview of large electric machines for aircraft electric propulsion applications, with a focus on methods for mass reduction and SP improvement.
Molecular Basis of [alpha]-Methyltryptophan Resistance in amt-1, a Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with Altered Tryptophan Metabolism (1996)

A mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, amt-1, was previously selected for resistance to growth inhibition by the tryptophan analog alpha-methyltryptophan. This mutant had elevated tryptophan levels and exhibited higher anthranilate synthase (AS) activity that showed increased resistance to feedback inhibition by tryptophan. In this study, extracts of the mutant callus exhibited higher AS activity than wild-type callus when assayed with either glutamine or ammonium sulfate as amino donor, thus suggesting that elevated AS activity in the mutant was due to an alteration in the alpha subunit of the enzyme. The mutant also showed cross-resistance to 5-methylanthranilate and 6-methylanthranilate and mapped to chromosome V at or close to ASA1 (a gene encoding the AS alpha subunit). ASA1 mRNA and protein levels were similar in mutant and wild-type leaf extracts. Levels of ASA1 mRNA and protein were also similar in callus cultures of mutant and wild type, although the levels in callus were higher than in leaf tissue. Sequencing of the ASA1 gene from amt-1 revealed a G to A transition relative to the wild-type gene that would result in the substitution of an asparagine residue in place of aspartic acid at position 341 in the predicted amino acid sequence of the ASA1 protein. The mutant allele in strain amt-1 has been renamed trp5-1.
Absorption spectra of low-pressure flames (1960)

Abstract Absorption spectra of low-pressure flames, which have a relatively thick reaction zone, have been studied by means of a multiple-reflexion system to increase the effective path length in the flame gases. To obtain a background source of sufficient brightness temperature to reverse the absorption bands, a flash tube and rotating sector device has been employed. For a rather rich oxyacetylene flame, the (0, 0) Swan band of C2 and the 3143 Å band of CH have been observed in absorption for the first time in steady flames. A value for the reversal temperature of C2 has been obtained. Rich-limit low-pressure flames of ethers and aldehydes show formaldehyde absorption. In rich flames of dimethyl ether, acetaldehyde, acetone and methane, a band of the CH3 radical at 2157 Å has been observed, and in flames of diethyl ether, and of ethane, a new band with maxima at 2220 and 2242 Å is provisionally assigned to the C2H5 radical. The absorption by OH and OD radicals in flames of mixed C2D2 + H2 have been examined. Results are discussed.
Controversies in the Management of Advanced Melanoma (2014)

Therapy should be individualized based on patient- and disease-specific factors. Immunotherapy represents the best option for durable remission; however, targeted therapy is more appropriate for patients who are symptomatic or have rapidly growing tumors. The novel therapies have also demonstrated meaningful intracranial activity; thus, the presence of brain metastases should be taken into consideration in selecting therapy. Limited data exist about the continuation of BRAF inhibitors after therapeutic failure. Active research is ongoing to define the best option for patients with BRAF inhibitor refractory disease.
Fighting blindness worldwide (1999)

ORBIS International is a non-profit, humanitarian organisation whose mission is to fight world blindness through education. ORBIS International conducts its teaching mission using different strategies, the most obvious being the use of a DC-10 aircraft which has been converted into a flying eye hospital. The author discusses the programs conducted by ORBIS International. (non-author abstract)
System architecture of LBS based on spatial information integration (2004)

The basic components of location based service (LBS) is introduced in this paper. It is composed of client, network and server. According to the work flow of LBS system, LBS service hierarchical architecture is elaborated on based spatial information Integration. Five levels architecture is described in detail and around 10 primary functions are analyzed also. Finally the application mode of LBS is proposed.
Intracellular Redox State and Stimulation of Gluconeogenesis by Glucagon and Norepinephrine in the Perfused Rat Liver (1980)

The role of the cellular redox state in the hormonal stimulation of gluconeogenesis was studied in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver, by fluorimetric measurement of the redox states of intracellular pyridine nucleotides. The maximum rate of glucose production from lactate/pyruvate mixture was observed with a lactate/pyruvate ratio of 10/1, which corresponds to the ratio observed in vivo. Increased reduction of pyridine nucleotides on infusion of ethanol or octanoate was associated with an increased production of glucose from pyruvate, whereas glucose production from lactate decreased. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate by glucagon was affected by the lactate/pyruvate ratio; a decrease of the lactate/pyruvate ratio resulted in a decrease of the efficacy of glucagon. Stimulation by glucagon of glucose production from pyruvate was abolished during octanoate infusion, although it was still observable during ethanol infusion. In contrast to glucagon, the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis was unaffected by the ratio of lactate to pyruvate. Norepinephrine in the presence of octanoate and ethanol still induced stimulation of glucose production from lactate and pyruvate, which was always accompanied by a transient reduction of pyridine nucleotides. The results demonstrate that the regeneration of NADH in the cytosol is one of the regulatory factors in gluconeogenesis, and that the effects of glucagon and norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis and on the redox state of pyridine nucleotides are not identical.
Efficient group authentication protocol based on human interaction (2006)

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