gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Combination of Three Statistical Methods for Visual Inspection of Anomalies in Hyperspectral Imageries (2009)

Outliers are important features that are of special interest to image analysts in their work. The objective of this paper is to show how several statistical techniques with different theoretical foundations can be successfully applied complementarily to detect anomalies in hyperspectral imageries. The methodology is shown in airborne hyperspectral imagery with 60 bands. The visual inspection of the last components of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), together with the analysis of the images provided by the Reed and Xiaoli Yu algorithm and projection pursuit algorithm, allows clear extraction of most of the anomalies, such as synthetic material of tennis court floors or metallic roofs of buildings. A discussion and comparison of the three methods is given.
Investigation of metabolites of tofizopam in man and animals. (1985)

The biotransformation of the labelled forms of 1-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7,8-dimethyoxy-5H-2,3-be nzodiazepine (Grandaxin, tofizopam) has been investigated after oral administration in animals and man. The major part of urinary metabolites was found to be conjugated with glucuronic acid. The metabolites were separated using TLC technique and analysed by GLC and GLC-MS. The chief way of the metabolic information of tofizopam is demethylation, however, the position of CH3 elimination as well as the rate of it was different in various species.
Syntheses of 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-1-azadecalins and 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-1-aza-4-decalones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-1-azadecalins and 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-1-aza-4-decalonesJerry A. Hirsch and George SchwartzkopfCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 14, 2044–2048Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00928a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (685 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, characterizations, antibacterial and photoluminescence studies of solution combustion-derived α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanoparticles (2015)

In this work, we report a novel, economical, low temperature solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method to prepare α-Al2O3 (Corundum) nanoparticles. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET surface area and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) measurements were used to characterize the product. Antibacterial studies were examined against gram −ve Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas desmolyticum and gram +ve Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by agar well diffusion method. The α-Al2O3 nanoparticles showed substantial effect on all the four bacterial strains. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements under excitation at about 255 nm show that the alumina nanoparticles have emission peaks at 394 and 392 nm.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis at Room Temperature within Nanometer Micelles using Water as the Only Solvent (2008)

Abstract Simply mixing a water‐insoluble diolefinic substrate and Grubbs second generation catalyst in pure water containing small amounts of the amphiphile polyoxyethanyl α‐tocopheryl sebacate (PTS) leads to efficient ring‐closing metathesis.
Discovery of new biosynthetic pathways: the lipid A story (2008)

The outer monolayer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria consists of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glucosamine-based saccharolipid that is assembled on the inner surface of the inner membrane. The first six enzymes of the lipid A pathway are required for bacterial growth and are excellent targets for the development of new antibiotics. Following assembly, the ABC transporter MsbA flips nascent LPS to the periplasmic side of the inner membrane, whereupon additional transport proteins direct it to the outer surface of the outer membrane. Depending on the bacterium, various covalent modifications of the lipid A moiety may occur during the transit of LPS to the outer membrane. These extra-cytoplasmic modification enzymes are therefore useful as reporters for monitoring LPS trafficking. Because of its conserved structure in diverse Gram-negative pathogens, lipid A is recognized as foreign by the TLR4/MD2 receptor of the mammalian innate immune system, resulting in rapid macrophage activation and robust cytokine production.
Oxidative Injury in the Cerebral Cortex and Subplate Neurons in Periventricular Leukomalacia (2008)

We previously identified immunocytochemical evidence of nitrative and oxidative injury in premyelinating oligodendrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Here, we tested the hypothesis that free radical injury occurs in the overlying cerebral cortex and subplate neurons in PVL. We immunostained for nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and hydroxynonenal adducts and scored neuron staining density in PVL (n = 11) and non-PVL (n = 15) cases (postconceptional ages from 34 to 109 weeks). Analysis of covariance controlled for age. Mean malondialdehyde scores in PVL cases were increased over controls (p = 0.005). Hydroxynonenal scores increased with age only in PVL cases (diagnosis vs age interaction; p = 0.024). Nitrotyrosine scores were not significantly increased. In 11 PVL and 23 control cases between 20 and 183 postconceptional weeks, cells morphologically consistent with subplate and Cajal-Retzius neurons showed qualitatively increased free radical modification in PVL over control cases with statistically significant odds ratios for hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine in both subplate neurons and Cajal-Retzius cells. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD68 scores for reactive astrocytes and microglia, respectively, were not significantly increased, suggesting a minimal inflammatory response. Thus, oxidative/nitrative damage to cortical and "pioneer" neurons, although mild overall, may contribute to cortical volume loss and cognitive/behavioral impairment in survivors of prematurity.
MLH1 Promoter Methylation and Gene Silencing is the Primary Cause of Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Endometrial Cancers (1999)

Defective DNA mismatch repair in human tumors leads to genome-wide instability of microsatellite repeats and a molecular phenotype referred to as microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI has been reported in a variety of cancers and is a consistent feature of tumors from patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Approximately 20% of cancers of the uterine endometrium, the fifth most common cancer of women world-wide, exhibit MSI. Although the frequency of MSI is higher in endometrial cancers than in any other common malignancy, the genetic basis of MSI in these tumors has remained elusive. We investigated the role that methylation of the MLH1 DNA mismatch repair gene plays in the genesis of MSI in a large series of sporadic endometrial cancers. The MLH1 promoter was methylated in 41 of 53 (77%) MSI-positive cancers investigated. In MSI-negative tumors on the other hand, there was evidence for limited methylation in only one of 11 tumors studied. Immunohistochemical investigation of a subset of the tumors revealed that methylation of the MLH1 promoter in MSI-positive tumors was associated with loss of MLH1 expression. Immunohistochemistry proved that two MSI-positive tumors lacking MLH1 methylation failed to express the MSH2 mismatch repair gene. Both of these cancers came from women who had family and medical histories suggestive of inherited cancer susceptibility. These observations suggest that epigenetic changes in the MLH1 locus account for MSI in most cases of sporadic endometrial cancers and provide additional evidence that the MSH2 gene may contribute substantially to inherited forms of endometrial cancer.
Obtaining Knowledge for Innovation: Benefits and Harms of Procedures for Managing Information Security (2012)

The research reported in this article aims to describe how the processes of information security used in a manufacturing and packaging paper company influenced the attainment of knowledge on two innovations. The study was conducted through field research, using interviews, narratives, direct observation and thematic analysis for data collection and data processing. The research started from the assumption that even considering the importance of managing information security and its benefits to an organization, the processes of logical security, and physical access controls, would undermine the process of obtaining and transference of knowledge required by innovations. It was observed the presence of five instruments of physical and logical security: "confidentiality", "general control of protection", "antivirus", "backups" and "facility security procedures" which did not interfere negatively in obtaining knowledge. The single barrier identified for the transfer of knowledge was the lack of absorptive capacity of knowledge workers. Therefore, the case describes a situation where a clearly and consistent information security policy allowed the obtaining and transferring of knowledge necessary for innovation. In other words, the assumption of the research was rejected by the findings.
Evaluation of Light-Scattering Index (Nephelometry) for Assessing Serum Triglycerides and Lipoprotein Phenotypes (1971)

Abstract Light-scattering measurements (nephelometry) of serum after filtration through appropriate filters is a rapid method for physically determining triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein phenotypes. A correlation coefficient of greater than 0.9 was obtained when aliquots of the same specimen were tested for triglycerides by light scattering in an Aminco-Bowman Spectrophotofluorometer and by a chemical (Van Handel and Zilversmit) method. Lipoprotein phenotyping by agarose gel electrophoresis and by light-scattering measurement corresponded excellently. In equivocal cases, nephelometric results agreed better with the triglyceride and cholesterol data than did the electrophoretic method.
On-Line Software Version Change (1994)

what constitutes an &quot;acceptable&quot; behavior of such a process. We capture this notion in our definition of the validity of an on-line change. We define an on-line change to be valid if some time after the change, the process reaches a reachable state of the new program version. Thus, validity ensures that following a change, the process starts behaving like the new version of the program after a &quot;transition period&quot;. We first consider validity of on-line changes to programs written in sequential procedure based languages. For this purpose, a very simple model in which procedures and functions are not allowed is first considered. State is modelled as a mapping from variable names to values. For this model, we show that it is undecidable to find whether or not a given on-line change is valid. This result has important consequences. It means that computable necessary and sufficient conditions for validity of change can not be obtained. Undecidability in this simple model also
Role of DNA minor groove interactions in substrate recognition by the M.SinI and M.EcoRII DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (2001)

The SinI and EcoRII DNA methyltransferases recognize sequences (GG(A)/(T)CC and CC(A)/(T)GG, respectively), which are characterized by an (A)/(T) ambiguity. Recognition of the A.T and T.A base pair was studied by in vitro methyltransferase assays using oligonucleotide substrates containing a hypoxanthine.C base pair in the central position of the recognition sequence. Both enzymes methylated the substituted oligonucleotide with an efficiency that was comparable to methylation of the canonical substrate. These observations indicate that M.SinI and M.EcoRII discriminate between their canonical recognition site and the site containing a G.C or a C.G base pair in the center of the recognition sequence (GG(G)/(C)CC and CC(G)/(C)GG, respectively) by interaction(s) in the DNA minor groove. M.SinI mutants displaying a decreased capacity to discriminate between the GG(A)/(T)CC and GG(G)/(C)CC sequences were isolated by random mutagenesis and selection for the relaxed specificity phenotype. These mutations led to amino acid substitutions outside the variable region, previously thought to be the sole determinant of sequence specificity. These observations indicate that (A)/(T) versus (G)/(C) discrimination is mediated by interactions between the large domain of the methyltransferase and the minor groove surface of the DNA.
Wavelength conversion up to 18 nm at 10 Gb/s by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier (1997)

We characterize the conversion bandwidth of a four-wave mixing semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength converter. Conversion of 10-Gb/s signals with bit-error-rate (BER) performance of <10/sup -9/ is demonstrated for wavelength down-shifts of up to 18 nm and upshifts of up to 10 nm.
Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay (2015)

Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra- and extracellular signaling cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca(2+) signaling network works in many different ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range due to the action of buffers, pumps and exchangers on the plasma membrane as well as in internal stores. Calcium signaling pathways interact with other cellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although initially considered to be potentially detrimental byproducts of aerobic metabolism, it is now clear that ROS generated in sub-toxic levels by different intracellular systems act as signaling molecules involved in various cellular processes including growth and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests a mutual interplay between calcium and ROS signaling systems which seems to have important implications for fine tuning cellular signaling networks. However, dysfunction in either of the systems might affect the other system thus potentiating harmful effects which might contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders.
Multi-ferroic magnetoelectrics (1994)

Abstract Domain aspects of multi-ferroics are reviewed, i.e. of materials, in which two or all three of the properties ‘ferroelectricity.’ ‘ferromagnetism’ and ‘ferroelasticity’ occur simultaneously in the same phase, and in which the magnetic point group has been reliably established by magnetoelectric, optical, dielectric, magnetic and related studies on single crystals and single domains. Nearly only members of the boracite crystal family are concerned, whereas for the perovskite family and other classes of material there is great paucity of data on single crystals. Polarized light microscopy is shown to be an indispensable tool for the study of multi-ferroics, in particular when ferroelasticity is involved. Potential multi-ferroic magnetoelectrics, so far only known in ceramic form, are excluded from the survey.
Effects on correlation between two mobile radio base-station antennas (1973)

The correlation between signals received by two mobile radio base-station antennas is investigated to determine spacing requirements for space diversity. Measurements of the fading of UHF signals received by two base-station horn antennas oriented at different angles with respect to the incoming mobile radio signal were made for different antenna spacings. The experimental results are compared with an analytical expression derived in this paper; they agree fairly well. A further experiment was made after removing the possible local scatterers surrounding the base station. Comparing these two experimental results, we find that the following are true. 1) Propagation in the direction of a line connecting the two base-station antennas is the critical case and requires a large separation of 70 wavelengths. As soon as the incoming wave is 10° away from the in-line axis, the spacing requirement drops to 30 wavelengths. 2) Local scatterers at the base station tend to decrease the correlation between signals received at the two antennas. We conclude that an upper limit to the spacing of antennas used for diversity can be obtained and that it is within the achievable range.
A Study on Solution of Transient Electromagnetic Response During Transmitting Current Turn-off in the ATTEM System (2006)

When the transient electromagnetic method is used for survey, a blind zone will exist because of the existence of transmitting current's switch-off time, the limitation of the receiver winding's resonance frequency, and the distortion of the early transient electromagnetic signal. This paper first analyzes the formation process of the total magnetic field during the switch-off time of transmitting current. We discuss the relation among the primary field, the secondary field and the total transient electromagnetic field and demonstrate the influence of the frequency feature and switch-off time of the receiver winding on the transient electromagnetic field. We then propose a method to remove the effect of the total transient electromagnetic field from the primary field. Using this method, we can obtain the early transient electromagnetic fields during and after the current switch-off period. Using the ATTEM system developed by the Jilin University, we conduct a fault investigation in the Yitong River area of Changchun. The field experiment results show a smaller blind zone of the transient electromagnetic method, a higher accuracy and low resolution of shallow detection. It realizes survey implementation 4 meters below the earth's surface and the clear differentiation of the lower resistance anomalies. The overall results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)-Mediated Methylation Metabolism of Endogenous Bioactive Catechols and Modulation by Endobiotics and Xenobiotics: Importance in Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis (2002)

The metabolic O-methylation of endogenous catecholamines and other catechols catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) was first described by Dr. Julix Axelrod and his colleagues almost half a century ago. In the past several years, research interest in this catechol-metabolizing system has been renewed because of its potential pathophysiological and pathogenic significance in estrogen-induced hormonal cancers, in the development of degenerative brain disorders, as well as in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review paper, I provide a brief overview of the COMT metabolic system, with particular attentions being paid to the following three areas: (i) the regulation of this catechol-metabolizing system by endogenous regulatory factors (mainly S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and homocysteine) as well as by exogenous factors such as dietary phytochemicals; (ii) decreased metabolic O-methylation of endogenous catecholamines as an important risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases in the elderly and also as a risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases; and (iii) the relative importance of the COMT-catalyzed O-methylation metabolism of endogenous catechol estrogens in the causation and prevention of estrogen-induced hormonal cancers. Some unifying hypotheses are also discussed in this paper with the hope that they may provide useful mechanistic insights into our understanding of the biological functions that are associated with this important metabolic system.
Palladium-Catalyzed Etherification of Allyl Alcohols Using Phenols in the Presence of Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPalladium-Catalyzed Etherification of Allyl Alcohols Using Phenols in the Presence of Titanium(IV) IsopropoxideTetsuya Satoh, Masahiro Ikeda, Masahiro Miura, and Masakatsu NomuraView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 14, 4877–4879Publication Date (Web):July 11, 1997Publication History Received24 March 1997Published online11 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970534rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970534rbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3116Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Allyl group,Aromatic compounds,Ethers,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Calibration and Free-Field Evaluation of a Pressure-Gradient Microphone (1962)

The design, calibration procedure, and evaluation in a free field for a condenser-type pressure-gradient microphone are described. Procedures are carried out for determination of both magnitude and phase of the pressure gradient. The microphone responds to the differential action of the pressure at two closely spaced field points as communicated by two small probe tubes to either side of a sensing metal diaphragm. By means of a coupling-chamber calibration procedure it is possible to obtain a sensitivity factor and an error factor which may be used both to describe the precision of the internal structure of the microphone as well as to correct for its imperfections. The free-field studies analyze the directional characteristics and resolution capabilities of the microphone. The radiation characteristics of a circular orifice in a plane baffle as measured with the gradient microphone are compared with those predicted by simple field theory with regard to the relationship between the pressure-gradient magnitude and phase and the pressure magnitude and phase.