gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of bound and pore water T<sub>1</sub>relaxation times in cortical bone using three-dimensional ultrashort echo time cones sequences (2016)

The 3D Cones sequences can be used for fast volumetric assessment of bound and pore water T<sub>1</sub> images in vitro and in vivo. Magn Reson Med 77:2136-2145, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Peptides. V. Some Carbonates of Ethyl 2-Hydroximino-2-cyanoacetate and Related Compounds as Esterification Reagents for Peptide Synthesis (1974)

Abstract Some carbonates (III) of ethyl 2-hydroximino-2-cyanoacetate (Ia) and 2-hydroximino-2-cyanoacetamide (Ib) were prepared and utilized as simple esterification reagents for acylamino acids.
Elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration as a possible independent risk factor for stroke. (1990)

Homocyst(e)ine refers to the sulfur-containing amino acids homocysteine, homocystine, and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide, which normally exist in plasma in both the free and protein-bound forms. Marked hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is associated with well-recognized complications of occlusive thrombotic events and a characteristic syndrome. It is less clear whether mild to moderate elevations in plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations (i.e., 1.5-5-fold increases) also represent a risk factor for stroke and, if so, whether it is independent of other recognized risk factors. To examine these questions we compared the plasma homocyst(e)ine levels in 41 patients with acute strokes, 27 patients with transient ischemic attacks, 31 patients with recognized risk factors for but no recent symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, and 31 normal volunteers (controls). Plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration was moderately but significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (p less than 0.0001). Approximately 30% of the patients had homocyst(e)ine levels higher than the controls. No relation was found between homocyst(e)ine concentration and other recognized stroke risk factors or stroke type; however, a positive correlation was found between serum uric acid and plasma homocyst(e)ine levels. These data suggest that a moderately elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration may be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.
KONZEPT FUER EINE ELEKTROMECHANISCHE FAHRZEUGBREMSE (1996)

Bremsanlagen fuer Automobile werden immer komplexer. Das Antiblockiersystem, die Traction-Control und Fahrzeugstabilisierungssysteme verlangen individuelle Bremseingriffe fuer einzelne Raeder. Der Fahrer merkt dies beispielsweise durch das Pulsieren des Pedals bei der ABS-Regelung. Abhilfe schafft eine Entkopplung von Radbremstaetigkeit und Pedal. Letzteres sorgt ueber geeignete Sensoren nur noch fuer die Erfassung des Fahrerwunsches. Brake by wire heisst ein Loesungsansatz des Bremsenherstellers ITT Automotive.Diese Fahrzeugbremse arbeitet elektromechanisch. Der Verzicht auf Hydraulikfluessigkeit ist ein Beitrag zum Umweltschutz. Wirtschaftliche Aspekte birgt beispielsweise der Wegfall der Hydraulikleitungen in sich. Der Ausfallsicherheit wird durch das Fail-safe-Konzept Rechnung getragen. Die kommerzielle Einfuehrung vollstaendig elektrisch betaetigter Bremsanlagen wird aller Voraussicht nach jedoch nicht kurzfristig erfolgen. Titel in Englisch: Advanced brake system with highest flexibility.
Differentiated Reason and Derationalized Science (1987)

In mainstream cultural criticism, in literary theory, and on the left, the notion of a unified and technology is central to the project of describing modern society. A commentator in Harper's or The At lantic Monthly will sketch out a cultural project that tames or evades technology; literary theorists since the New Critics have defined literature in reference to a unitary which is sometimes seen as an adversary, sometimes as an alternative discursive formation, but always as one body of knowledge. For the left, has some times been the model discipline: Stalinists searched for a science of revolution, implying that a unitary practice of exists, and that it could be transposed into politics. Such a totalitarian project has often evoked a totalized critique of from the left, as in Hork heimer and Adorno's The Dialectic of Enlightenment.1 An alternate approach to and technology might be based in the more pluralist notion of science, exemplified by the work of Karl Korsch2 and by the critical practice of Jurgen Habermas.3 We might begin a pluralist analysis of and technology by revoking its exemption from the critique of totality, by recognizing that the ad vanced culture of Europe and North America no longer admits of unification. Habermas's term differentiation of reason provides a useful framework for such reflections: individuals may be able to ap propriate diverse aspects of advanced culture, but its scientific and technical discourse cannot speak in its own voice to form a unified understanding of the world. It is, however, possible to analyse, study, and reflect on scientific discourse, even though such inquiry stands outside and generates a new, distinct, social practice. That practice has its own uses, and it may teach us something about lan guage, domination, and forgetting. Within the ensemble of discourses that forms post-modern culture, holds a privileged place. But it is not hegemonic. Scientific writing is a highly valued form of discourse, but it penetrates popular discourse only thinly and unevenly; this uneven appropriation char acterizes differentiated reason. Scientific writing is considered esoteric and unreadable even by those who routinely work at technical tasks.
Cohalogenation in Organic Synthesis (1993)

The usefulness of the intermolecular cohalogenation in organic synthesis is reviewed. After a short background of this almost centenarian reaction we develop some mechanistic considerations in order to explain briefly the exceptional regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity of this simple process, which allows the facile preparation of various bifunctional derivatives. Cohalogenation with oxygen and nitrogen containing nucleophiles such as water, hydrogen peroxide, carboxylic acid derivatives, alcohols, ethers, nitriles, amines and pseudohalogens are presented successively in wide detail and we focus on the different applications of the cohalogenated compounds. The synthetic potential of such mixed halogenations is illustrated by the numerous examples in which these reactions have provided powerful simplification in the functionalization and in the synthesis of natural and medicinal products. 1. Introduction 2. The Cohalogenation Reaction 2.1 Background 2.2 General Mechanistic Considerations 3. Cohalogenation with Oxygen Containing Nucleophiles 3.1 With Protic Solvents (a) Water (b) Hydrogen Peroxide (c) Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (d) Alcohols 3.2 With Aprotic Solvents 4. Cohalogenation with Nitrogen Containing Nucleophiles 4.1 Nitrogen as External Nucleophile (a) Nitriles (b) Amine Derivatives 4.2 Pseudohalogens 5. Conclusion
Lipid composition of millet (<i>Pennisetum americanum</i>) seeds (1984)

Abstract The composition of lipids extracted from a sample of millet seeds by each of 8 solvent systems is reported. Lipid components were separated by silicic acid column and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitated by analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), with heptadecanoic acid as internal standard. Best results were obtained by extraction with hot water‐saturated butanol. Lipids extracted amounted to 7.2% of the seed dry weight and consisted of 85% neutral lipids, 12% phospholipids and 3% glycolipids. Neutral lipids contained mostly (85%) triacylglycerols and small amounts of mono‐ and diacylglycerols, sterols and free fatty acids. Sterols consisted of campesterol, stigmasterol and 2 unidentified sterols, occurring in the same proportions in free and esterified forms. Ten glycolipid and 10 phospholipid components were separated and characterized. Contrary to previously published observations, lysophosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid (42%) in millet seeds; smaller amounts of phosphatidylcholine (24%), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (21%) and trace amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol also were present. The major glycolipids were esterified sterol glycoside, sterol glycoside, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and cerebrosides (ceramide monohexosides).
Recent Studies on the Fluorescence of Glass* (1945)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. J. Kreidl, "Recent Studies on the Fluorescence of Glass*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35, 249-257 (1945) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
<i>WRINKLED1</i> Rescues Feedback Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Hydroxylase-Expressing Seeds (2016)

Previous attempts at engineering Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to produce seed oils containing hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) have resulted in low yields of HFA compared with the native castor (Ricinus communis) plant and caused undesirable effects, including reduced total oil content. Recent studies have led to an understanding of problems involved in the accumulation of HFA in oils of transgenic plants, which include metabolic bottlenecks and a decrease in the rate of fatty acid synthesis. Focusing on engineering the triacylglycerol assembly mechanisms led to modest increases in the HFA content of seed oil, but much room for improvement still remains. We hypothesized that engineering fatty acid synthesis in the plastids to increase flux would facilitate enhanced total incorporation of fatty acids, including HFA, into seed oil. The transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) positively regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and controls seed oil levels. We overexpressed Arabidopsis WRI1 in seeds of a transgenic line expressing the castor fatty acid hydroxylase. The proportion of HFA in the oil, the total HFA per seed, and the total oil content of seeds increased to an average of 20.9%, 1.26 µg, and 32.2%, respectively, across five independent lines, compared with 17.6%, 0.83 µg, and 27.9%, respectively, for isogenic segregants. WRI1 and WRI1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated, providing for a corresponding increase in the rate of fatty acid synthesis.
Estimation of project success using Bayesian classifier (2006)

The software projects are considered to be successful if the cost and the duration are within the estimated ones and the quality is satisfactory. To attain project success, the project management, in which the final status of project is estimated, must be incorporated.In this paper, we consider estimation of the final status(that is, successful or unsuccessful) of project by applying Bayesian classifier to metrics data collected from project. In order to attain high estimation accuracy rate, we must select only a set of appropriate metrics to be applied. Here we consider two selection methods: the first method by the experts and the second method by the statistical test.Then we conducted an experiment using 28 project data and 29 metrics data in an organization of a certain company. The result showed that the method by the test gave higher accuracy rates than the method by the experts, and Bayesian classifier with the test method is effective to estimate project success.
EFFICACY OF METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS A BIRD REPELLENT ON CHERRIES, BLUEBERRIES AND GRAPES (1992)

Anthranilitic acid derivatives, used as common food additives, have been explored as bird repellent agents for a number of years. Research in this study show that methyl anthranilate, when exposed to the UV spectrum of sunlight, readily dissipates within 64 hours. The addition of surfactants and extenders did not appreciably alter the degradation curve, nor did they lessen the phytotoxic properties of the chemical. Field trials under IR-4 guidance and support indicate that methyl anthranilate (MA) is an effective, biodegradable, nontoxic bird repellent. In formulation with a lipid molecular binding compound, degradation of methyl anthranilate was extended from four to ten days. Phytotoxicity, at effective application rates, was eliminated. Damage to cherries was reduced 43% to 98% depending on cultivar, number of birds present, and crop loads when the treated crops were compared with untreated crops. Depredation of blueberries was reduced 65% and 99% for two varieties. Feeding on wine grapes was diminished 58% to 88%, depending on the affected vinifera. Tasters could not distinguish between treated and untreated fruit nor could certified graders find any reduction in fruit quality.
Application of the holistic Data Privacy and Security Framework PaaSword (2017)

Even though the adoption of cloud computing is accelerating, enterprises are still reluctant to use cloud-based services for processing sensible data, due to security and privacy concerns. The PaaSword framework provides functionalities for encrypted and distributed storage and context-aware access control, leveraging security and trust of cloud infrastructures and services and ensuring the protection, privacy and integrity of the data stored in the cloud. For proving its applicability, usability, effectiveness and value, the PaaSword consortium is currently developing and evaluating five pilot integration projects, which consist of typical scenarios specific to the particular user communities of which the pilot partners are part of, including PaaS providers, governmental institutions, logistics industry and providers of business applications. After a short overview of the framework, we present in detail expectations and integration experiences for two of the pilots: "Protection of personal data in a multi-tenant CRM environment" and "Secure sensors data fusion and analytics".
Crosslinking aqueous poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) solutions by persulfate (1979)

Aqueous solutions with 1.5 to 6.5 wt-% poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVP, are converted to stable gels by reaction with potassium persulfate. Large quantities of persulfate are needed for high-modulus gels, 50% to 150% of the weight of PVP being required typically. The shear modulus G′ can be measured during reaction by making the gel the restoring element in a simple torsion pendulum. The increase in modulus to a maximum plateau value of G′max can be expressed as a first-order process: Where t is elapsed time of reaction and K increases with the square root of polymer concentration. G′max varies with the second power of the polymer concentration. It also increases rapidly with increasing temperature of reaction and with persulfate/PVP ratio.
Sensor based home automation and security system (2012)

The conventional design of home security systems typically monitors only the property and lacks physical control aspects of the house itself. Also, the term security is not well defined because there is a time delay between the alarm system going on and actual arrival of the security personnel. This paper discusses the development of a home security and monitoring system that works where the traditional security systems that are mainly concerned about curbing burglary and gathering evidence against trespassing fail. The paper presents the design and implementation details of this new home control and security system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) The user here can interact directly with the system through a web-based interface over the Internet, while home appliances like air conditioners, lights, door locks and gates are remotely controlled through a user-friendly web page. An additional feature that enhances the security aspect of the system is its capability of monitoring entry points such as doors and windows so that in the event any breach, an alerting email message is sent to the home owner instantly.
Selective effect of organophosphate insecticides on metabolic activities and aflatoxins biosynthesis by two Aspergillus spp (1993)

En milieu liquide, l'ajout de trois insecticides organophosphores (Dimethoate, Malathion, Selectron), aux concentrations de 10, 50, 100, 250 et 500 mg/l augmente la croissance mycelienne d'Aspergillus flavus IMI 89717 pour la plupart des concentrations et n'inhibe la croissance qu'a partir de 500 mg/l. La croissance mycelienne d'Aspergillus parasiticus var. globosus est par contre inhibee aux doses d'insecticides utilisees. L'activite respiratoire d'Aspergillus flavus diminue aux doses elevees de Dimethoate et de Malathion, alors que l'action du Selectron est moins nette. La production de CO 2 par Aspergillus parasiticus est stimulee dans tous les cas (...)
Ensemble polling strategies for mobile communications networks (2002)

In communications systems, mobile units must be found before information may be routed to them. The process of finding each unit, called paging, requires the use of limited radio and fixed network resources. Thus, the rate at which units can be found on average and the rate at which page requests can be satisfied subject to a delay criterion is intimately tied to the polling discipline employed by the system. Here we consider simple polling schemes which can greatly increase the rate at which page requests can be processed while maintaining acceptable average delay.
Fragmentation of DNA in P388D<sub>1</sub> macrophages exposed to oxidised low‐density lipoprotein (1993)

Exposing a macrophage-like murine cell line to copper-oxidised low-density lipoprotein led to DNA fragmentation which was inhibited by the putative Ca2+/Mg2+ endonuclease inhibitor, zinc sulphate. DNA fragmentation preceded loss of membrane impermeability. These results suggest that apoptosis may be a mechanism of macrophage foam cell death in atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall.
On the Use of Dynamic Bayesian Networks in Reconstructing Functional Neuronal Networks from Spike Train Ensembles (2009)

Coordination among cortical neurons is believed to be a key element in mediating many high-level cortical processes such as perception, attention, learning, and memory formation. Inferring the structure of the neural circuitry underlying this coordination is important to characterize the highly nonlinear, time-varying interactions between cortical neurons in the presence of complex stimuli. In this work, we investigate the applicability of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) in inferring the effective connectivity between spiking cortical neurons from their observed spike trains. We demonstrate that DBNs can infer the underlying nonlinear and time-varying causal interactions between these neurons and can discriminate between mono- and polysynaptic links between them under certain constraints governing their putative connectivity. We analyzed conditionally Poisson spike train data mimicking spiking activity of cortical networks of small and moderately large size. The performance was assessed and compared to other methods under systematic variations of the network structure to mimic a wide range of responses typically observed in the cortex. Results demonstrate the utility of DBN in inferring the effective connectivity in cortical networks.
Estimation of Dynamic Background and Object Detection in Noisy Visual Surveillance (2011)

Dynamic background subtraction in noisy environment for detecting object is a challenging process in computer vision. The proposed algorithm has been used to identify moving objects from the sequence of video frames which contains dynamically changing backgrounds in the noisy atmosphere. There are many challenges in achieving a robust background subtraction algorithm in the external noisy environment. In connection with our previous work, in this paper, we have proposed a methodology to perform background subtraction from moving vehicles in traffic video sequences that combines statistical assumptions of moving objects using the previous frames in the dynamically varying noisy situation. Background image is frequently updated in order to achieve reliability of the motion detection. For that, a binary moving objects hypothesis mask is constructed to classify any group of lattices as being from a moving object based on the optimal threshold. Then, the new incoming information is integrated into the current background image using a Kalman filter. In order to improve the performance, a post-processing has been done. It has been accomplished by shadow and noise removal algorithms operating at the lattice which identifies object-level elements. The results of post-processing can be used to detect object more efficiently. Experimental results and analysis show the prominence of the proposed approach which has achieved an average of 94% accuracy in real-time acquired images.
Field Evaluation of Gas Turbine Protective Coatings (1988)

The hot corrosion resistance of several protective coatings that had been applied to MAR-M-509 nozzle guide vanes and exposed in a utility gas turbine has been evaluated. The coatings included basic aluminide, rhodium-aluminide, platinum-rhodium-aluminide, and palladium-aluminide diffusion coatings, and cobalt-chromium-aluminum-yttrium (CoCrAlY) and ceramic overlay coatings. A combination of metallographic examination of vane cross sections and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) was employed in the evaluation. The results showed that none of the coatings was totally resistant to corrosive attack. The CoCrAlY and platinum-rhodium-aluminide coatings exhibited the greatest resistance to hot corrosion. The CoCrAlY coated vanes were, however, susceptible to thermal fatigue cracking. Except for the poor performance of the palladium-aluminide coating, the precious metal aluminides offered the best protection against corrosion. Hot isostatically pressing coatings was not found to be beneficial, and in one case appeared detrimental.
Aurintricarboxylic acid prevents GLUR2 mRNA down-regulation and delayed neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 neurons of gerbil after global ischemia (1998)

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), an inhibitor of endonuclease activity and other protein-nucleic acid interactions, blocks apoptosis in several cell types and prevents delayed death of hippocampal pyramidal CA1 neurons induced by transient global ischemia. Global ischemia in rats and gerbils induces down-regulation of GluR2 mRNA and increased alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-induced Ca2+ influx in CA1 before neurodegeneration. This result and neuroprotection by antagonists of AMPA receptors suggests that formation of AMPA receptors lacking GluR2, and therefore Ca2+ permeable, leads to excessive Ca2+ influx in response to endogenous glutamate; the resulting delayed neuronal death in CA1 exhibits many characteristics of apoptosis. In this study, we examined the effects of ATA on expression of mRNAs encoding glutamate receptor subunits in gerbil hippocampus after global ischemia. Administration of ATA by injection into the right cerebral ventricle 1 h before (but not 6 h after) bilateral carotid occlusion prevented the ischemia-induced decrease in GluR2 mRNA expression and the delayed neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that ATA is neuroprotective in ischemia by blocking the transcriptional changes leading to down-regulation of GluR2, rather than by simply blocking endonucleases, which presumably act later after Ca2+ influx initiates apoptosis. Maintaining formation of Ca2+ impermeable, GluR2 containing AMPA receptors could prevent delayed death of CA1 neurons after transient global ischemia, and block of GluR2 down-regulation may provide a further strategy for neuroprotection.