gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hands Holding Clues for Object Recognition in Teachable Machines (2019)

Camera manipulation confounds the use of object recognition applications by blind people. This is exacerbated when photos from this population are also used to train models, as with teachable machines, where out-of-frame or partially included objects against cluttered backgrounds degrade performance. Leveraging prior evidence on the ability of blind people to coordinate hand movements using proprioception, we propose a deep learning system that jointly models hand segmentation and object localization for object classification. We investigate the utility of hands as a natural interface for including and indicating the object of interest in the camera frame. We confirm the potential of this approach by analyzing existing datasets from people with visual impairments for object recognition. With a new publicly available egocentric dataset and an extensive error analysis, we provide insights into this approach in the context of teachable recognizers.
Carrier-induced refractive index changes in InP-based circular microresonators for low-voltage high-speed modulation (2005)

Optical InP-based microresonator modulators which achieve low-voltage high-bandwidth modulation are presented, where resonant wavelength tuning of a circular resonator by free carrier injection is used as the modulation mechanism. Since thermal effects in small resonant cavities and switching speed limitations posed by minority carrier lifetime are the primary concerns in such types of devices, ion bombardment in microtoroidal structures is used to increase the speed of response. The modulation speed is enhanced by an order of magnitude.
Shark: SQL and Analytics with Cost-Based Query Optimization on Coarse-Grained Distributed Memory (2014)

Abstract : Shark is a research data analysis system built on a novel coarse grained distributed shared-memory abstraction. Shark pairs query processing with deep data analysis, providing a unified system for easy data manipulation using SQL while pushing sophisticated analysis closer to its data. It scales to thousands of nodes in a fault tolerant manner. Shark can answer queries over 40 times faster than Apache Hive and run machine learning programs on large datasets over 25 times faster than equivalent MapReduce programs on Apache Hadoop. Unlike previous systems, Shark shows that it is possible to achieve these speedups while retaining a MapReduce-like execution engine, with the fine-grained fault tolerance properties that such an engine provides. Shark additionally provides several extensions to its engine, including table and column-level statistics collection as well as a cost-based optimizer, both of which we describe in depth in this paper. Cost-based query optimization in some cases improves the performance of queries with multiple joins by orders of magnitude over Hive and over 2 compared to previous versions of Shark. The result is a system that matches the reported speedups of MPP analytic databases against MapReduce while providing more comprehensive fault tolerance and complex analytics capabilities.
Formulation and evaluation of pharmaceutically equivalent parenteral depot suspension of methyl prednisolone acetate (2009)

The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate pharmaceutically equivalent injectable aqueous suspension for parenteral depot of methyl prednisolone acetate. Various aqueous suspensions were prepared by rapid stirring and colloid milling method. The prepared aqueous suspensions were subjected to particle size determination, sedimentation study, in vitro release studies (pH dependent dissolution study), and stability studies. The optimized formulation consisted of 4% w/w of methyl prednisolone acetate, 2.91% w/w of PEG-3350, 0.19% w/v of injection grade Tween-80, 0.68% w/w of monobasic sodium phosphate, 0.15% w/w of di-basic sodium phosphate, 0.91% w/v of benzyl alcohol, 0.32% w/w sodium meta bisulphate. The f(2) value was calculated for innovator (DepoMedrol( ((R)) ), Batch No. MPH-0254) and optimized formulation at pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 phosphate buffers. The f(2) values of 62.94 and 54.37 were obtained at pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 phosphate buffers respectively. The particle size ranged 23-27 mum at D value of 0.9 for both test and innovator product.
Valproic Acid Induces Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo and Enhances Keratinocyte Motility (2012)

VPA enhances cutaneous wound healing in a murine model and induces migration of HaCaT keratinocytes.
Locally Served Network Computers (1998)

NCs are the natural evolution of PCs, ubiquitous computers everywhere. The current vision of NCs requires two improbable developments: (1) inexpensive high-bandwidth WAN links to the Internet, and (2) inexpensive centralized servers. The large NC bandwidth requirements will force each home or office to have a local server LAN attached to the NCs. These servers will be much less expensive to purchase and manage than a centralized solution. Centralized staff are expensive and unresponsive.
An investigation into damper winding failure in a large synchronous motor (2015)

This paper deals with operational issues related to a 36-MVA, 11-kV synchronous motor used to drive a reciprocating compressor in a process industry. Extensive damage to the motor's damper winding was discovered during routine maintenance. The paper identifies possible operational issues that are believed to have contributed to the development of fault, presents a simplified analytical model of the damper winding and makes recommendations aimed at identifying similar failures at an early stage.
Implementing Joins using Extensible Pattern Matching (2007)

Join patterns are an attractive declarative way to synchronize both threads and asynchronous distributed computations. We explore joins in the context of extensible pattern matching that recently appeared in languages such as F# and Scala. Our implementation supports join patterns with multiple synchronous events, and guards. Furthermore, we integrated joins into an existing actor-based concurrency framework. It enables join patterns to be used in the context of more advanced synchronization modes, such as future-type message sending and token-passing continuations.
Anemia Caused by Oxidative Stress (2012)

Fig. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the cell.
Contemporary Electronic Mailing List Use by Health Educators: A Content Analysis of HEDIR Messages (2003)

Abstract The International E-Mail Directory of Health Educators (http://www.hedir.siu.edu), or HEDIR, is an electronic mailing list specifically developed to facilitate communication among health education professionals worldwide. The study objectives were to characterize the nature of HEDIR messages and assess how well HEDIR is meeting members' communication needs. Researchers developed a 126-item checklist to conduct a content analysis of HEDIR messages. Checklist sections included sender information; message format; exchange of ideas; unsolicited provision of information; topical information; and professional development. Two independent pilot studies established content and face validity, and the interrater reliability of the instrument, using pi coefficient, was computed for each item. Analysis was performed on 794 HEDIR messages, from January 1 to June 7, 2001, printed from the HEDIR Web site. Message senders were of either sex, and the majority were university educators (33.8%). Unsolicited provision of information represented the largest category of messages (47.4%), followed by inquiries for information (27.5%) and responses to inquiries for information (26.1%). The most frequently selected item was unsolicited referral to Web site (15.0%). There were fewer inquiries for opinions than for information. The ratio of responses:inquiries for individual items was greater for opinions than information. Only 6.4% of messages included announcements of positions and 5.7% included calls for papers/abstracts or announcements for upcoming conferences.
A novel privacy preserving method for data publication (2019)

Privacy has received increasing concerns in publication of datasets that contain sensitive information. Preventing privacy disclosure and providing useful information to legitimate users for data mining are conflicting goals. Generalization and randomized response methods were proposed in database community to tackle this problem. However, both of them have postulated the same prior belief for all transactions, which might be wrong modeling and lead to privacy breach. Besides, generalization and randomized response methods usually require a privacy controlling parameter to control the tradeoff between privacy and data quality, which may put the data publishers in a dilemma. In this paper, a novel privacy preserving method for data publication is proposed based on conditional probability distribution and machine learning techniques, which can achieve different prior beliefs for different transactions. A basic cross sampling algorithm and a complete cross sampling algorithm are designed respectively for the settings of single sensitive attribute and multiple sensitive attributes, and an improved complete algorithm is developed by using Gibbs sampling, in order to enhance data utility when data are not sufficient. Our method can offer stronger privacy guarantee, while, as shown in the extensive experiments, retaining better data utility.
Effector pathways in immune mediated central nervous system demyelination (1999)

Multiple sclerosis is generally regarded to be a primarily T-cell driven disease. Recent evidence has refocused interest on antibodies. Adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, chemokines and cytokines, and nitric oxide and oxygen metabolites all participate in the amplification and effector stages of the disease.
Diversity and evolution of secondary metabolism in the marine actinomycete genus <i>Salinispora</i> (2014)

Access to genome sequence data has challenged traditional natural product discovery paradigms by revealing that the products of most bacterial biosynthetic pathways have yet to be discovered. Despite the insight afforded by this technology, little is known about the diversity and distributions of natural product biosynthetic pathways among bacteria and how they evolve to generate structural diversity. Here we analyze genome sequence data derived from 75 strains of the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora for pathways associated with polyketide and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis, the products of which account for some of today's most important medicines. The results reveal high levels of diversity, with a total of 124 pathways identified and 229 predicted with continued sequencing. Recent horizontal gene transfer accounts for the majority of pathways, which occur in only one or two strains. Acquired pathways are incorporated into genomic islands and are commonly exchanged within and between species. Acquisition and transfer events largely involve complete pathways, which subsequently evolve by gene gain, loss, and duplication followed by divergence. The exchange of similar pathway types at the precise chromosomal locations in different strains suggests that the mechanisms of integration include pathway-level homologous recombination. Despite extensive horizontal gene transfer there is clear evidence of species-level vertical inheritance, supporting the concept that secondary metabolites represent functional traits that help define Salinispora species. The plasticity of the Salinispora secondary metabolome provides an effective mechanism to maximize population-level secondary metabolite diversity while limiting the number of pathways maintained within any individual genome.
Kinetics and thermodynamics constraints in Pt gettering by P diffusion in Si (1996)

We have explored the mechanisms underlying the gettering of Pt atoms dissolved in crystalline Si. By using Pt implantation at different fluences followed by a thermal process at 970 °C for 5 h we were able to prepare crystalline silicon wafers containing a uniform Pt concentration in the range 2×1012–2×1014 atoms/cm3. Subsequently, a heavily doped n-type region was produced on one side of the wafer by P diffusion at 900 °C. Following this deposition process we have studied the kinetics of Pt gettering to the P-doped region in the temperature range 700–970 °C and for annealing times ranging from 30 min to 48 h. Lifetime measurements by means of a contactless technique were used to detect the depletion of Pt in the bulk of the wafer due to the gettering process. The large range of initial Pt concentrations that we have explored allowed us to identify and separate the kinetics and thermodynamics constraints that determine the gettering efficiency and to propose a phenomenological model for the gettering of Pt. In particular, it has been found that the kinetics of the gettering process are driven by the dissolution of immobile substitutional Pt atoms into interstitial sites. This process is assisted by Si self-interstitials and characterized by an activation energy of 0.4 eV. Moreover, the equilibrium distribution of Pt is thermodynamically determined by a segregation coefficient of the Pt atoms between the gettering sites and the silicon matrix. This segregation coefficient, and hence the gettering efficiency, decrease when the temperature of the gettering process is increased and is described by an activation energy of 2.5 eV.
Evidence that TUP1/SSN6 has a positive effect on the activity of the yeast activator HAP1. (1994)

The activity of the yeast transcriptional activator HAP1 is controlled by heme and the heme effect is mediated through the heme domain of HAP1. In this report, we show that HAP1 activity is significantly reduced in strains deleted of TUP1 or SSN6, and addition of a heme analog does not allow HAP1 to regain its full activity. Deletion of the heme domain alleviates the requirement for TUP1/SSN6. The results suggest that TUP1/SSN6 have a positive effect on the activity of HAP1 and this effect is mediated through the heme domain. Although TUP1/SSN6 generally repress transcription of many genes, our data indicate they may have positive effect on the expression of certain genes.
Photochemical Nitrogen Conversion to Ammonia in Ambient Conditions with FeMoS-Chalcogels (2015)

In nature, nitrogen fixation is one of the most important life processes and occurs primarily in microbial organisms containing enzymes called nitrogenases. These complex proteins contain two distinct subunits with different active sites, with the primary N2 binding site being a FeMoS core cluster that can be reduced by other nearby iron-sulfur clusters. Although nitrogen reduction to ammonia in biology does not require the absorption of light, there is considerable interest in developing catalyst materials that could drive the formation of ammonia from nitrogen photochemically. Here, we report that chalcogels containing FeMoS inorganic clusters are capable of photochemically reducing N2 to NH3 under white light irradiation, in aqueous media, under ambient pressure and room temperature. The chalcogels are composed of [Mo2Fe6S8(SPh)3](3+) and [Sn2S6](4-) clusters in solution and have strong optical absorption, high surface area, and good aqueous stability. Our results demonstrate that light-driven nitrogen conversion to ammonia by MoFe sulfides is a viable process with implications in solar energy utilization and our understanding of primordial processes on earth.
Improving the performance of MGM-based voice conversion by preparing training data method (2005)

This paper proposes an approach to improve both the target speaker's individuality and the quality of the converted speech by preparing the training data. In mixture Gaussian spectral mapping (MGM) based voice conversion, spectral feature representations are analyzed to obtain the right feature associations between the source and target characteristics. A voiced and unvoiced (V/U-V) decision scheme for time-alignment is provided to obtain the right data for training the MGM function while removing the misaligned data. Experiments are conducted in terms of the applications of spectral representation methods, and V/UV decision strategies, to the MGM functions. When linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCC) are used for time-alignment and the V/UV decisions are adopted for removing bad data, results show that the conversion function can get a better accuracy and the proposed method can effectively improve the overall performance of voice conversion.
Succinate and the shortcut to the cure of metformin-induced lactic acidosis (2018)

Inhibition of the respiratory chain complex I plays a key role in the pathogenesis of metformin-induced lactic acidosis. In a work recently published in this journal, a novel cell-permeable succinate prodrug (NV118) increased in vitro mitochondrial oxygen consumption coupled with energy production and decreased lactate production in intact human platelets intoxicated with metformin. This result was interpreted in light of a "bypass" strategy. NV118 entered platelets and released succinate in their cytoplasm; succinate in turn donated electrons to complex II and thus reactivated the flow of electrons to the distal part of the respiratory chain independent of complex I. Herein, I will (1) comment on these findings; (2) highlight the potential therapeutic application of succinate in other critical conditions accompanied by complex I inhibition, including sepsis, traumatic brain injury, and inherited neurological disorders; and (3) examine the most important issues that remain to be solved to transfer these observations to the bedside.
On the interaction of copper(<scp>ii</scp>) with disulfiram (2014)

In combination with copper(II) ions, disulfiram (DSF) has been reported to be a potentially potent anticancer agent based on in vitro results. The interaction of DSF with copper(II) chloride in solution has been studied using a range of spectroscopic techniques. There is strong evidence for the rapid formation of the bis(N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamato)copper(II) complex in situ. Kinetic experiments were used to determine rate laws for the reaction that give insight into the mechanism of the process which may help to explain the observed in vitro cytotoxicity.
Carbon fibers based on pyrolytic lignin (2012)

Abstract Carbon fibers were prepared from pyrolytic lignin isolated from a commercial bio‐oil by thermal spinning followed by carbonization. Compared to other technical lignins, a lower spinning temperature was required for the pyrolytic lignin. The pyrolytic lignins tended to develop fibers with hollow structures and were observed to fuse together during thermostabilization. However, a thermal treatment before fiber spinning was found to maintain the fiber integrity during thermostabilization and the following carbonization process. The mechanical properties and yield of the pyrolytic‐lignin‐based carbon fiber was found to be comparable to those based on other technical lignins. This work serves as a proof‐of‐concept study indicating pyrolytic lignin as a potential feedstock for low‐cost carbon‐fiber production. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Modification of a Novel 1.BETA.-Methyl Carbapenem Antibiotic, S-4661. (1996)

We describe an efficient method for introducing a sulfamoylamino group into the C-2' position of pyrrolidine using the Mitsunobu reaction. S-4661, its N-methyl analogues and stereoisomers were synthesized using this method and their structure-activity relationships were investigated.
Concentration of cerebrospinal fluid proteins and their fractionation by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. (1966)

Various technics for concentrating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prior to electrophoretic separation of the protein fractions were tested. Vacuum ultrafiltration through a collodion sac proved to be the most reliable and convenient method. The proteins in the concentrate were separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and quantitated densitometrically.

The mean values for the various protein fractions in normal CSF were the following: 4.9% pre-albumin, 61.5% albumin, 4.5% α1 globulin, 6.7% α2 globulin, 13.7% β globulin, and 8.8% γ globulin.
Interleukin-15-Stimulated Natural Killer Cells Clear HIV-1-Infected Cells following Latency Reversal <i>Ex Vivo</i> (2018)

Current efforts toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication include approaches to augment immune recognition and elimination of persistently infected cells following latency reversal. Natural killer (NK) cells, the main effectors of the innate immune system, recognize and clear targets using different mechanisms than CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, offering an alternative or complementary approach for HIV clearance strategies. We assessed the impact of interleukin 15 (IL-15) treatment on NK cell function and the potential for stimulated NK cells to clear the HIV reservoir. We measured NK cell receptor expression, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), cytotoxicity, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, and antiviral activity in autologous HIV replication systems. All NK cell functions were uniformly improved by IL-15, and, more importantly, IL-15-treated NK cells were able to clear latently HIV-infected cells after exposure to vorinostat, a clinically relevant latency-reversing agent. We also demonstrate that NK cells from HIV-infected individuals aviremic on antiretroviral therapy can be efficiently stimulated with IL-15. Our work opens a promising line of investigation leading to future immunotherapies to clear persistent HIV infection using NK cells.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> In the search for an HIV cure, strategies to enhance immune function to allow recognition and clearance of HIV-infected cells following latency reversal are being evaluated. Natural killer (NK) cells possess characteristics that can be exploited for immunotherapy against persistent HIV infection. We demonstrate that NK cells from HIV-positive donors can be strongly stimulated with IL-15, improving their antiviral and cytotoxic potential and, more importantly, clearing HIV-infected cells after latency reversal with a clinically relevant drug. Our results encourage further investigation to design NK cell-based immunotherapies to achieve HIV eradication.
Binary and Ternary Adsorption Kinetics of Gases in Carbon Molecular Sieves (2003)

In two recent studies from this laboratory, a dual resistance model with chemical potential gradient as the driving force for transport and empirical correlations to account for the strong concentration dependence of the thermodynamically corrected transport parameters was proposed and verified for the uptake of oxygen, nitrogen, and their mixtures in the micropores of Bergbau Forschung and Takeda carbon molecular sieve (CMS) samples. In this paper, the same model has been further verified with integral uptakes of carbon dioxide, methane, their binary mixtures, as well as their ternary mixtures with nitrogen in the two CMS samples. Inadequacy of the Langmuir model and IAS−Langmuir combination for these gases has been discussed in detail. It has been demonstrated that, for these gases, the multisite Langmuir model is much more effective in fitting the unary equilibrium data and predicting the mixture isotherms in CMS.