gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Object Proposals Using Stereo Imagery for Accurate Object Class Detection (2017)

The goal of this paper is to perform 3D object detection in the context of autonomous driving. Our method aims at generating a set of high-quality 3D object proposals by exploiting stereo imagery. We formulate the problem as minimizing an energy function that encodes object size priors, placement of objects on the ground plane as well as several depth informed features that reason about free space, point cloud densities and distance to the ground. We then exploit a CNN on top of these proposals to perform object detection. In particular, we employ a convolutional neural net (CNN) that exploits context and depth information to jointly regress to 3D bounding box coordinates and object pose. Our experiments show significant performance gains over existing RGB and RGB-D object proposal methods on the challenging KITTI benchmark. When combined with the CNN, our approach outperforms all existing results in object detection and orientation estimation tasks for all three KITTI object classes. Furthermore, we experiment also with the setting where LIDAR information is available, and show that using both LIDAR and stereo leads to the best result.
The diversity of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in peripheral blood B cells of preterm infants is restricted by short third complementarity-determining regions but not by limited gene segment usage (2001)

The immunoglobulin diversity is restricted in fetal liver B cells. This study examined whether peripheral blood B cells of extremely preterm infants show similar restrictions (overrepresentation of some gene segments, short third complementarity-determining regions [CDR3]). DNA of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. A total of 417 sequences were analyzed from 6 preterm infants (25-28 weeks of gestation), 6 term infants, and 6 adults. Gene segments from the entire VHand DH gene locus were rearranged in preterm infants, even though the DH7-27 segment was overrepresented (17% of rearrangements) compared to term infants (7%) and adults (2%). CDR3 was shorter in preterm infants (40 ± 10 nucleotides) than in term infants (44 ± 12) and adults (48 ± 14) (P &lt; .001) due to shorter N regions. Somatic mutations were exclusively found in term neonates and adults (mutational frequency 0.8% and 1.8%). We conclude that preterm infants have no limitations in gene segment usage, whereas the diversity of CDR3 is restricted throughout gestation.
Identification of an immunodominant region of Fel d 1 and characterization of constituent epitopes (2008)

We have identified an immunodominant region of Fel d 1 which is frequently recognized by CD4(+) T cells from atopic individuals and contains epitopes that are restricted by very common HLA alleles.
Kinetics of calcite nucleation: Magnesium ion inhibition and ionic strength catalysis (1968)

Kinetics of calcite crystallization from dilute MgCl2 solutions equilibrated with aragonite and atmospheric CO2 were studied. Patterns of per cent calcite against time and Mg++ concentration against time indicate Mg++ inhibits calcite nucleation and in the process is incorporated into the calcite lattice. Uptake of Mg++ by calcite nuclei was then used to monitor calcite nucleation rates under conditions of constant supersaturation and varying ionic strength. Nucleation rates were found to be proportional to the square root of the ionic strength. An analogy between nucleation catalysis by ionic strength and colloid flocculation by salts in aqueous solution is suggested.
Proteins related to the mouse L-cell major heat shock protein are synthesized in the absence of heat shock gene expression. (1984)

Heat shock of mouse L cells induces the synthesis of two polypeptides of Mrs 68,000 and 89,000. Using a fragment of a cloned gene encoding the Drosophila melanogaster Mr 70,000 heat shock protein (hsp70), we have shown that this protein has been highly conserved during eukaryotic evolution. We extended this observation by probing at low stringency for the expression in mouse L cells of RNA homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 gene. In addition to the RNA encoding the inducible Mr 68,000 heat shock protein (hsp68), there are mouse mRNAs encoding proteins of Mrs 70,000 and 74,000 that are homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 gene. The Mrs 70,000 and 74,000 proteins and their mRNAs are abundant components of unstressed mouse L cells. These constituitively expressed proteins are unique polypeptides in contrast to the several isoelectric point variants of the inducible hsp68. We do not detect hsp68 or its mRNA in unstressed L cells. In addition to the mRNAs corresponding to hsp68 and the Mrs 74,000 and 70,000 proteins, we detect a fourth RNA homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 gene but whose protein product has not been identified. Our results suggest that the hsp68 gene of mouse L cells is a member of a multigene family and that the individual family members are distinguishable by their degree of similarity but show differences in the regulation of their expression.
A novel irreversible FLT3 inhibitor, FF-10101, shows excellent efficacy against AML cells with FLT3 mutations (2017)

An activating mutation of <i>Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3</i> (<i>FLT3</i>) is the most frequent genetic alteration associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although many FLT3 inhibitors have been clinically developed, no first-generation inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy by monotherapy, due to poor pharmacokinetics or unfavorable safety profiles possibly associated with low selectivity against FLT3 kinase. Recently, a selective FLT3 inhibitor, quizartinib, demonstrated favorable outcomes in clinical studies. However, several resistant mutations emerged during the disease progression. To overcome these problems, we developed a novel FLT3 inhibitor, FF-10101, designed to possess selective and irreversible FLT3 inhibition. The co-crystal structure of FLT3 protein bound to FF-10101 revealed the formation of a covalent bond between FF-10101 and the cysteine residue at 695 of FLT3. The unique binding brought high selectivity and inhibitory activity against FLT3 kinase. FF-10101 showed potent growth inhibitory effects on human AML cell lines harboring <i>FLT3</i> internal tandem duplication (<i>FLT3</i>-ITD), MOLM-13, MOLM-14, and MV4-11, and all tested types of mutant FLT3-expressing 32D cells including quizartinib-resistant mutations at D835, Y842, and F691 residues in the FLT3 kinase domain. In mouse subcutaneous implantation models, orally administered FF-10101 showed significant growth inhibitory effect on FLT3-ITD-D835Y- and FLT3-ITD-F691L-expressing 32D cells. Furthermore, FF-10101 potently inhibited growth of primary AML cells harboring either <i>FLT3</i>-ITD or <i>FLT3</i>-D835 mutation in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that FF-10101 is a promising agent for the treatment of patients with AML with <i>FLT3</i> mutations, including the activation loop mutations clinically identified as quizartinib-resistant mutations.
MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE DESIGNS IN A DOSE-RESPONSE EXPERIMENT (2000)

This article is an extension of the work of Huang and Wong (1), who found dual-objective designs for models with a continuous outcome. We consider quantal dose-response experiments with a binary outcome and develop multiple-objective designs for two or more Bayesian optimality criteria. Using the logit model as an illustrative example, we construct numerically optimal designs for estimating model parameters and percentiles, with possibly unequal interest in each of the objectives. We also show that the popular equal dosage assignment rule can be a rather inefficient design for estimating model parameters under a Bayesian setup.
Rethinking vehicle classification with wide-angle polarimetric SAR (2014)

Wide-angle SAR presents an opportunity to explore new methods for CV classification. Polarization features are of particular interest and various examples of wide-aperture images using flight-collected and simulated data are shown to emphasize how odd and even reflectors are revealed in the imagery. Using the well-known frequency parameter from high-frequency scattering models and the Krogager polarization decomposition, wide-angle polarimetric SAR imagery is attributed with a basis of ASC primitive targets. We observe trends when extracting ASCs from 2D images and study the behavior for 10 civilian vehicles using the AFRL Civilian Vehicle Data Dome. Passenger cars categorized as the sedan class tended to exhibit scattering by cylinders, horizontal edges, and horizontal dihedrals at low elevation angle (30°) but primarily showed horizontal cylinders and horizontal dihedrals for the case of high elevation angle (60°). Likewise, the dominant scatterers for the SUV class were horizontal cylinders and horizontal edges for 30° elevation and primarily horizontal cylinders and dihedrals for 60° elevation. These results suggest that there are noticeable differences between the classes when viewed as primitives in the joint frequency/polarization/wide-angle SAR feature space. Thus, rethinking vehicle classification to include efficient primitive type extraction during image formation may lead to new, near real-time vehicle classification algorithms.
Nightmares of a hospitalized rape victim. (1995)

The author presents case material, including nightmares, of a recently raped female psychiatric inpatient. The material shows dream dynamics that include latent content, dreamwork, secondary revision, and unconscious wishes that attempted to deal with this woman's sense of fragility, guilt, and especially shame. The author suggests that such dreams deal not simply with the trauma of forced sexual contact, but also with the coexisting fear and humiliation related to the risk of being murdered; with preexisting trauma that amplifies the shame and guilt; and with the anticipation of retraumatization during heightened posttraumatic vulnerability. Although conclusions from a single case cannot be generalized to all rape victims, a close examination of the clinical data suggests that treatment needs go far beyond consideration of the traumatic event in isolation.
Multiple threads in cyclic register windows (1993)

Multi-threading is often used to compile logic and functional languages, and implement parallel C libraries. Fine-grain multi-threading requires rapid context switching, which can be slow on architectures with register windows. In past, researchers have either proposed new hardware support for dynamic allocation of windows to threads, or have sacrificed fast procedure calls by fixed allocation of windows to threads. In this paper, a novel window management algorithm, which retains both fast procedure calls and fast context switching, is proposed. The algorithm has been implemented on the SPARC processor by modifying window trap handlers. A quantitative evaluation of the scheme using a multi-threaded application with various concurrency and granularity levels is given. The evaluation shows that the proposed scheme always does better than the other schemes. Some implications for multi-threaded architectures are also presented.
Application of the GRI 1.2 methane oxidation model to methane and methanol oxidation in supercritical water (1996)

The GRI 1.2 mechanism is used to predict the oxidation rates of methane and methanol by oxygen in supercritical water at 250 bar and temperatures ranging from 420--630 C. Using the Chemkin II computational package which assumes an ideal gas equation of state, the GRI model does very well in representing the available experimental results on methane over a wide temperature and concentration rate. However, the model may lack key CH{sub 3}O{sub 2} reactions needed for a complete description in the < 450 C region. The oxidation of methanol and formation of formaldehyde is not well represented by the GRI mechanism when left unchanged. If two important modifications are made to the reactivity of HO{sub 2}, good agreement with the methanol oxidation results is achieved. This paper illustrates that the carefully-assembled GRI 1.2 mechanism, although designed for conventional combustion conditions, can be successfully extended with very little modification to much lower temperature and extreme pressure conditions. The purpose of this study is to understand the operative chemical kinetics of supercritical water oxidation required for the more efficient application of this technology to treatment of hazardous wastes, obsolete munitions, rocket motors, and chemical warfare agents.
Single live‐bacterial cell assay of promoter activity and regulation (2010)

Laboratory cultures of a single species of bacteria harboring the same genetic background include heterogeneous cell populations, each differing in apparent morphology and physiology, as found in natural environments. To get insights into difference in the genome expression between individual cells, we constructed various types of the cell chip for monitoring the growth and fate of individual bacterial cells. Immobilization of portions of Escherichia coli culture within these cell chips was established after raising the local temperature in the presence of poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). The newly developed cell-chip system allows the investigation of activity and regulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused promoter in single live-bacterial cells for prolonged time under controlled culture conditions. Using this single-cell observation system, we succeeded, for the first time, the real-time single-cell assay of promoter activity of the E. coli gcl gene encoding glyoxylate carboligase as a model system, and the kinetics of gcl induction by an effector glyoxylate. Marked heterogeneity was found in the expression level of the gcl promoter. The heterogeneity in gcl promoter activity was, however, confirmed by Flow cytometry of suspension cultures. Our success provides an experimental system for the increased demand of single-cell biology in bacterial studies.
Genetic advances for studying <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> pathogenicity (1998)

Tuberculosis remains the greatest cause of death worldwide because of a single pathogen. Despite its importance, the genetic basis of the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains poorly understood, mainly because the most productive investigative approach, molecular genetic analysis, has been severely hampered by a lack of efficient tools. However, significant advances, including the development of methods for inactivating genes and studying their expression with reporter genes, have been recently made. This progress may lead to opportunities for developing new vaccines and antituberculous drugs. The aim of this review is to examine the present state of the art in mycobacterial molecular genetics and pinpoint some expected or promising areas for future research.
Programmable FIR switched-capacitor decimators (1991)

A study is made of programmable switched-capacitor (SC) decimating structures with finite impulse response (FIR). Alternative structures are presented in which programmability is achieved using quasi-passive multiplying and algorithmic digital-to-analog converters. Their comparative advantages are outlined considering such design aspects as component count, capacitance spread, speed of operation, and complexity of the digital switching waveform generators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
c-kit+ Cardiac Stem Cells Alleviate Post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Dysfunction Despite Poor Engraftment and Negligible Retention in the Recipient Heart (2014)

Although transplantation of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) has been shown to alleviate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by myocardial infarction (MI), the number of exogenous CSCs remaining in the recipient heart following transplantation and their mechanism of action remain unclear. We have previously developed a highly sensitive and accurate method to quantify the absolute number of male murine CSCs in female recipient organs after transplantation. In the present study, we used this method to monitor the number of donor CSCs in the recipient heart after intracoronary infusion. Female mice underwent a 60-min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion; 2 days later, 100,000 c-kit+/lin- syngeneic male mouse CSCs were infused intracoronarily. Only 12.7% of the male CSCs present in the heart immediately (5 min) after infusion were still present in the heart at 24 h, and their number declined rapidly thereafter. By 35 days after infusion, only ∼ 1,000 male CSCs were found in the heart. Significant numbers of male CSCs were found in the lungs and kidneys, but only in the first 24 h. The number of CSCs in the lungs increased between 5 min and 24 h after infusion, indicating recirculation of CSCs initially retained in other organs. Despite the low retention and rapid disappearance of CSCs from the recipient heart, intracoronary delivery of CSCs significantly improved LV function at 35 days (Millar catheter). These results suggest that direct differentiation of CSCs alone cannot account for the beneficial effects of CSCs on LV function; therefore, paracrine effects must be the major mechanism. The demonstration that functional improvement is dissociated from survival of transplanted cells has major implications for our understanding of cell therapy. In addition, this new quantitative method of stem cell measurement will be useful in testing approaches of enhancing CSC engraftment and survival after transplantation.
Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films: From Active Molecular Delivery to Vaccine Therapy (2009)

A paper in this issue discusses the use of multilayered polyelectrolyte films incorporating a hydrolytically degradable polymer for transcutaneous drug or vaccine delivery. Dried films could be deconstructed rapidly, and a model protein antigen (ovalbumin) and/or immunostimulatory molecules could be released with different kinetics. Both molecules could also be delivered to antigen-presenting cells in the skin (Langerhans cells). The described approach provides a new route for the storage of vaccines. Successful antigen processing and presentation to lymphocytes remain ongoing challenges before the concept can be used in the next generation of vaccines.
A Study on the Effects of Additives on Selective Hydrogenation of Trace Acetylene Over Palladium Catalysts. (1991)

The effects of both carbon monoxide (as a gas phase additive) and potassium (as a catalyst additive) on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over Pd/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ was studied by deuterium tracer experiments combined with Kemball's steady-state treatment and temperature programmed reaction (TPR). The TPR of acetylene and ethylene in hydrogen, which was attempted in this study for the first time, enabled the investigation of the behavior of the adsorbed species on Pd. CO addition to the reaction mixture significantly increased the probability of ethylene desorption during ethylene deuteration while minor effects due to CO displacement of hydrogen were observed for acetylene deuteration. In the case of selective removal of trace acetylene from ethylene streams, results suggest that CO blockage of H$\sb2$ adsorption sites is less important than CO displacement of ethylene in improving the overall selectivity of the industrial process. In acetylene TPR, preadsorbed CO induced changes in oligomer yields, delayed desorption of oligomers and suppressed self-hydrogenation during the adsorption of acetylene. These results indicate that CO blocks the adsorption sites which accommodate acetylene and the hydrogen product from acetylene dissociation to result in the suppression of initiation and propagation reactions for oligomers. Potassium doped catalysts yielded an enhancement in actylene hydrogenation selectivity to ethylene, an increase in the rate of the acetylene hydrogenation reaction, and an increase in the oligomer yield from the hydrogenation of acetylene. In the acetylene TPR spectra of K doped catalysts, shifts of oligomer peaks to lower temperatures were observed, indicating the desorption of the adsorbed species was enhanced by K addition. An increase in the probability of ethylene desorption was also found via ethylene deuteration experiments. A decrease in the rate of ethylene deuteration with K addition was observed, which contrasts with the inhanced rate of acetylene hydrogenation. The observed increase in the acetylene hydrogenation selectivity to ethylene appears to be due to easier ethylene desorption and suppressed ethylene adsorption. All of these effects may be explained by K-induced reduction in hydrocarbon adsorption strength. The effect of K arises through metal-support interactions.
Microparticle Surface Proteins Are Associated With Experimental Venous Thrombosis: A Preliminary Study (2008)

Microparticles are small membrane vesicles released from activated cells and are associated with thrombosis and inflammation. Microparticle contain a unique subset of surface protein derived form the parent cell and may be responsible for their diverse biological functions. To identify these proteins, juvenile baboons (Papio anubis, n = 4) underwent iliac vein thrombosis with 6-hour balloon occlusion. Plasma samples were taken at baselines and at 2 days postthrombosis for microparticle analysis. Microparticles were extracted from platelet-poor plasma, digest separately with trypsin and tagged using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation reagents. The digests were subjected to 2-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Peak lists were generated and searched against all primate sequences. For protein identity, a minimum of 2 peptides at 95% confidence interval was required. Later, isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation ratios were generated comparing relative protein level of day 2 to baseline. The proteomic analysis was performed twice for each blood sample, totaling 8 experiments. Proteins were considered elevated of depressed if the isobaris tagging for relative and absolute quantitation ratio deviated by 20% changes from normal and a P value less than .05. Significantly, 7 proteins were differentially expressed on day 2 compared to baseline, and appeared in at least 3 animals and regulated in at least 4 experiment. Among these 7 proteins, upregulated proteins include various forms of fibrinogen and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and downregulated proteins include immunoglobulins. These proteins influence thrombosis and inflammation through hemostatic plug formation (fibrinogen), inhibiting neutrophil adhesion (alpha-1-antichymoptrypsin), and immunoregulation (immunoglobulins). Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanistic role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis.