gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New π‐conjugated polyaryleneethynylenes containing a 1,3,5‐triazine unit in the main chain: Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties (2006)

Abstract A series of new π‐conjugated poly(aryleneethynylene)s containing a 1,3,5‐triazine unit in the main chain were synthesized in yields higher than 70% by polycondensation between dibromophenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine monomers and alkyl‐substituted diethynylbenzene (or diethynylfluorene) comonomers with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and CuI as catalysts in the presence of triethylamine. The polymers had a number‐average molecular weight in the range of 5000–10,000 and showed good solubility in common organic solvents. The polymers were photoluminescent both in solutions and in the solid state. X‐ray diffraction patterns of the powders of the polymers revealed that the polymers were semicrystalline. Electrochemically, the polymers appeared to be reversible under reduction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3797–3806, 2006
Bangladeshi Vehicle License Plate Detection method based on HSI color model and geometrical properties (2012)

Bangladeshi Vehicle License Plate Detection (BVLPD) plays an important and inevitable role in Vehicle License Plate Recognition (VLPR) system. The most challenging part of this method is to detect the region of the license plate from the vehicle image. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for analyzing the vehicle image to extract the LP position in the image of the vehicle. Initially, HSI color model is adopted to select a threshold for detecting candidate regions and then different geometrical properties of LP such as area, bounding box, aspect ratio are used to determine whether the candidate regions contain LP or not. Finally the candidate region is verified by intensity histogram. The proposed method is able to deal with candidate regions under different scale of the plate. In the experiment more than 100 images are used which are taken under different conditions such as uneven illumination, complex scenes, varied weather and varied distances from the vehicle to camera. The overall rate of success of the license plate detection algorithm is 85%.
MethyCancer: the database of human DNA methylation and cancer (2007)

Cancer is ranked as one of the top killers in all human diseases and continues to have a devastating effect on the population around the globe. Current research efforts are aiming to accelerate our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and develop effective means for cancer diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. An altered pattern of epigenetic modifications, most importantly DNA methylation events, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis through regulating oncogene activation, tumor suppressor gene silencing and chromosomal instability. To study interplay of DNA methylation, gene expression and cancer, we developed a publicly accessible database for human DNA Methylation and Cancer (MethyCancer, http://methycancer.genomics.org.cn). MethyCancer hosts both highly integrated data of DNA methylation, cancer-related gene, mutation and cancer information from public resources, and the CpG Island (CGI) clones derived from our large-scale sequencing. Interconnections between different data types were analyzed and presented. Furthermore, a powerful search tool is developed to provide user-friendly access to all the data and data connections. A graphical MethyView shows DNA methylation in context of genomics and genetics data facilitating the research in cancer to understand genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that make dramatic changes in gene expression of tumor cells.
[Chemical and pharmacologic study on pyran derivatives. IX. Synthesis of 2-dialkylaminochromones]. (1977)

Under suitable conditions the reaction of phenol and N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, resulted in the formation of 2-dialkylaminochromones. In a similar manner, variously substituted phenols afforded 2-dialkylaminochromones with substituents in different positions of the benzene ring. Pharmacological screening of all these compounds showed that they markedly affect the CNS, activity being mainly excitatory. Decreased activity was shown by compounds with particular substituents in the positions 6,7,8 among which two products [(V e) - K 12440, (V s) - K 12420] have weak but clear anticonvulsant effect.
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital abnormalities. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was reported in the continental United States; since then, hundreds of locally acquired infections have been reported in Florida. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of ZIKV introduction, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Florida by sequencing ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least 4 introductions, but potentially as many as 40, contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission is likely to have started in the spring of 2016-several months before its initial detection. By analysing surveillance and genetic data, we show that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions were linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in new regions.
Quantitative Methods for Anthocyanins. 4. Determination of Individual Anthocyanins in Cranberry and Cranberry Products (1968)

SUMMARY– A new method was developed to determine the quantities of the four major anthocyanins in cranberry and cranberry products. The pigments were streaked on Whatman No. 1 paper and separated by multiple ascending chromatography with 1‐butanol‐benzene‐formic acid‐water (100:19: 10:25). The individual bands were measured by transmission densitometry at 525 nm. The ratio of individual pigments was calculated from the densitometric peak areas. The linearity of densitometric response for anthocyanins was established. The amount of each individual anthocyanin present was calculated from the total anthocyanin content and the ratio of individual anthocyanins. The reproducibility of the methods was 6% for the two arabinosides and 4 to 5% for the two galactosides expressed as the coefficient of variability.
Thrombin Inhibitors of Bloodsucking Animals (1996)

Hematophagous animals have the unique ability to inhibit blood coagulation when sucking blood from a wound. This article concerns thrombin inhibitors from these animals, specifically the one from the insect Rhodnius prolixus. To date, the most-studied inhibitor from these animals is hirudin, which specifically neutralizes thrombin but no other clotting serine proteases. The biochemical properties of hirudin are described. Hirudinlike thrombin inhibitors from the Asian leech Hirudo manillensis, Haemadipsa sylvestris, and Haemadipsidae are also discussed. In addition, a thrombin inhibitor from the insect Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodniin, is extensively reviewed. There is considerable interest in these inhibitors because they may be found useful as treatment modalities for thromboembolic disorders. Hirudin is already extensively investigated, and some of the others may follow. Potentially these new inhibitors could be of greater clinical benefit than the presently used heparins.
Osmotic blood-brain barrier modification: Clinical documentation by enhanced CT scanning and/or radionuclide brain scanning (1983)

Results of initial clinical trials of brain tumor chemotherapy after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption are promising. In general, the procedure is well tolerated. The major complication has been seizures. In this report, data are presented which indicate that the etiology of these seizures is related to the use of contrast agent (meglumine iothalamate) to monitor barrier modification. A series of 19 patients underwent a total of 85 barrier modification procedures. Documentation of barrier disruption was monitored by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scanning, radionuclide brain scanning, or a combination of both techniques. In 56 procedures (19 patients) monitored by enhanced CT, seizures occurred a total of 10 times in eight patients. Twenty-three barrier modification procedures (in nine of these 19 patients) documented by nuclear brain scans alone, however, resulted in only one focal motor seizure in each of two patients. In eight of the 19 patients who had seizures after barrier disruption and enhanced CT scan, four subsequently had repeat procedures monitored by radionuclide scan alone. In only one of these patients was further seizure activity noted; a single focal motor seizure was observed. Clearly, the radionuclide brain scan does not have the sensitivity and spatial resolution of enhanced CT, but at present it appears safer to monitor barrier modification by this method and to follOW tumor growth between barrier modifications by enhanced CT. Four illustrative cases showing methods, problems, and promising results are presented.
β-Cell Receptors (1994)

The secretion of insulin is closely regulated in vivo in order to maintain the plasma glucose concentration in a narrow range despite long periods of fasting and intermittent food intake. The regulation of insulin secretion has been studied extensively and involves a complex interaction of glucose and other nutrients, and endocrine, paracrine, and neurohumoral factors. The effects of these factors on insulin secretion are transduced by their interaction with specific receptor molecules on the surface of the β-cell. The physiologic role of many of these ligand-receptor interactions in altering insulin secretion has been clarified recently and their distal signaling mechanisms characterized.KeywordsInsulin SecretionAdenylyl CyclaseGlucose Stimulate Insulin SecretionGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideStimulate Insulin SecretionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone inhibitory autofeedback by subproducts antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: a model of autocrine regulation of peptide secretion. (1994)

The secretion of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) involves activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Here, we show that pulsatile GnRH secretion from hypothalamic explants is suppressed by 1-5GnRH, an endogenous breakdown product of GnRH, while 2-10GnRH has no effect. GnRH secretion evoked by NMDA is selectively inhibited by 1-5GnRH and this effect is similar to that of AP-5, a competitive antagonist at NMDA receptors. In addition, 1-5GnRH accounts for a dose-related inhibition of tritiated glutamate binding to hypothalamic membrane preparations. Using GnRH secretion as a model of NMDA-receptor controlled system, the effect of different peptides has been studied. Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (GRF), Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and Proinsulin result in inhibition of GnRH secretion. Bioactive subproducts of those peptides (1-29GRF, 4-701GF-I and insulin) do not show any effect, suggesting that their classical receptors are not involved. In contrast, GnRH secretion is inhibited by other subproducts (1-37GRF, 1-31GF-I and C-peptide) all terminating in a glutamate residue. These subproducts selectively suppress the NMDA-evoked secretion of GnRH. Protease inhibitors prevent the inhibitory effects of IGF-I on GnRH secretion. This, breakdown products of different peptide hormones are possible endogenous antagonists at NMDA receptors. This effect could account for an autocrine or paracrine limitation of NMDA-receptor-mediated secretion of peptides.
Thermal characterization and tomography of carbon fiber reinforced plastics using individual identification technique (1996)

A method for thermal characterization of defect depth and thickness using individual inversion functions is described. Experimental results are obtained with standard carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimens which contained Teflon inserts and impact damage. Accuracy in determining defect dimensions was about 10 percent for defect depth and 33 percent for defect thickness. A technique to synthesize images of defect parameters is proposed. Thermal tomography advantages in analyzing defect in-depth propagation are illustrated.
Myo-inositol transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)

myo-Inositol uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was dependent on temperature, time, and substrate concentration. The transport obeyed saturation kinetics with an apparent Km for myo-inositol of 0.1 mM, myo-Inositol analogs, such as scyllo-inositol, 2-inosose, mannitol, and 1,2-cyclohexanediol, had no effect on myo-inositol uptake, myo-Inositol uptake required metabolic energy. Removal of D-glucose resulted in a loss of activity, and azide and cyanide ions were inhibitory. In the presence of D-glucose, myo-inositol was accumulated in the cells against a concentration gradient. A myo-inositol transport mutant was isolated from UV-mutagenized S. cerevisiae cells using the replica-printing technique. The defect in myo-inositol uptake was due to a single nuclear gene mutation. The activities of L-serine and D-glucose transport were not affected by the mutation. Thus it was shown that S. cerevisiae grown under the present culture conditions possessed a single and specific myo-inositol transport system. myo-Inositol transport activity was reduced by the addition of myo-inositol to the culture medium. The activity was reversibly restored by the removal of myo-inositol from the medium. This restoration of activity was completely abolished by cycloheximide.
SiO 2 etching in magnetic neutral loop discharge plasma (1998)

Neutral loop discharge (NLD) plasma, which has attractive characteristics in both plasma production and spatial controllability, was successfully applied to large-wafer etching process, yielding satisfactory uniformity. Comparison of the etching characteristics in the NLD plasma with those in the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) plasma which was generated without magnetic field in the same device was made. SiO2 etch rate and selectivity to photoresist and Si in the NLD plasma were remarkably improved, comparing with those in the ICP plasma in a pressure range of 0.1–1 Pa. In the application of SiO2 etching process using the NLD plasma, a hole pattern of a high aspect ratio, 0.35 μm diameter and 2 μm depth, was successfully fabricated with a resist mask in an Ar (90%) +C4F8 (10%) plasma at 0.4 Pa. The selectivity to Si at the hole bottom was higher than 30. The etched profile was almost vertical (89°–90°) and the deviation of the SiO2 etch rate was within 3% on 200 mm wafer.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 123I-Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Multicenter Study (2015)

Our first multicenter study confirmed the high correlation between abnormal cardiac sympathetic activity evaluated with 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and a clinical diagnosis of probable DLB. The diagnostic accuracy is sufficiently high for this technique to be clinically useful in distinguishing DLB from AD, especially in patients with mild dementia.
Nosologic imaging of the brain: segmentation and classification using MRI and MRSI (2008)

A new technique is presented to create nosologic images of the brain based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). A nosologic image summarizes the presence of different tissues and lesions in a single image by color coding each voxel or pixel according to the histopathological class it is assigned to. The proposed technique applies advanced methods from image processing as well as pattern recognition to segment and classify brain tumors. First, a registered brain atlas and a subject-specific abnormal tissue prior, obtained from MRSI data, are used for the segmentation. Next, the detected abnormal tissue is classified based on supervised pattern recognition methods. Class probabilities are also calculated for the segmented abnormal region. Compared to previous approaches, the new framework is more flexible and able to better exploit spatial information leading to improved nosologic images. The combined scheme offers a new way to produce high-resolution nosologic images, representing tumor heterogeneity and class probabilities, which may help clinicians in decision making.
Endobronchial resection with the Nd‐YAG laser – Two years experience in an Australian unit (1990)

In a two year period 44 endobronchial resections using the Neodymium-YAG laser have been performed in 28 patients. The majority of cases had either bronchogenic carcinoma (57%) or metastatic carcinoma (18%) involving the bronchial tree. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, benign tumours, lymphoma, tracheal papillomatosis, Wegener's granulomatosis and benign stricture comprised the other cases. Rigid bronchoscopy and general anaesthesia were used in the majority. Symptomatic improvement of dyspnoea when relief of bronchial obstruction occurred was marked in ten of 17 cases, moderate in four and absent in three. Haemoptysis was markedly improved in two of three cases and obstructive pneumonitis resolved in one of two cases. Significant respiratory function improvement was observed in Raw (most sensitive), FEV11, FVC and TLC. Laser treatment restored the lumen to normal calibre in 52% (including all patients with tracheal lesions), to greater than half normal in 28% and to less than half normal in 20% of cases. Re-expansion of a collapsed lung or lobe occurred in seven of eight patients. In six of these patients laser treatment was the initial therapy resulting in immediate re-expansion and symptomatic relief prior to further therapy. In patients with bronchogenic carcinoma the mean time to retreatment or death was 72 days. For metastatic carcinoma this was 60 days. Two early deaths (3 hours, 36 hours) due to respiratory failure occurred in patients with very severe bilateral bronchial obstruction too advanced for effective clearance. Other complications included laryngeal oedema requiring prolonged intubation (1), bronchospasm (1), atrial fibrillation (1), and acute pulmonary oedema (1). Laser treatment provides effective palliation for bronchial obstruction and haemoptysis in selected proximal endobronchial cancers.
Ghost imaging in MRI. (2001)

Needle biopsies and other interventions done under MR Fluoroscopy sometimes do not show the target well, either because the rapid sequence does not have adequate contrast or because a contrast agent may have washed out of the target. In these cases, an image that shows the target can be saved and scaled to match the spatial parameters of the fluoroscopic sequence, and used as a virtual or ghost field upon which the fluoroscopic images are superimposed, thus providing a view of the target, useful for needle pre-localization and for monitoring its progress as it is inserted.
Safety of Intracoronary γ-Radiation on Uninjured Reference Segments During the First 6 Months After Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis (2000)

There was no evidence of a deleterious effect of gamma-irradiation on angiographically normal uninjured reference segments in the first 6 months after the treatment of in-stent restenosis.
RESISTANCE TO CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM CKE. OBTAINED FROM WILD SPECIES OF TOMATO (1964)

In the last 20 years several varieties and breeding lines of tomato have been developed which possess immunity from C. fulvum races 1 to 9. Vagabond, Vinequeen, and V548 obtained their immunity from L. hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl.; V501 from L. hirsutum var. glabralum Muller; V542, Vantage, Waltham Mold Proof Forcing No. 22, etc. from L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.; and V545 from L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. Studies are reported herein on the genetic bases of resistance in these varieties.Single genes for immunity from C. fulvum race 6 were isolated in these varieties and breeding lines. Crosses between the varieties indicated that the immunity from all of these sources is conditioned by the same gene or by genes that are very closely linked. Differential races must be found before this point can be determined with certainty. The gene from L. hirsutum which confers immunity to race 6 in Vinequeen is designated as Cf 4 . Cf 4 has been shown to be located on chromosome 1, probably near Cf 1 .L. hirsutum, L. pimpinellifolium, and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme Mill. among them have several other genes conferring a lower level of resistance to race 6.
EFFECT OF LIGHT ON CHANGES IN MAIZE RESISTANCE AGAINST THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, <i>OSTRINIA NUBILALIS</i> (HÜBNER) (1995)

Abstract The herbivore-resistant synthetic maize BS9 (C4) was grown in three environments, namely, greenhouse with reduced UV light, greenhouse with supplemental UV light, and outside, and leaves at the three-, five-, seven-, nine-, and 10-leaf stages of development were fed to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Larvae preferred younger leaves, and leaves grown under reduced UV light, in spite of the high levels of the defence compound 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4 benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one (DIMBOA). The low level of feeding on leaves from plants grown outside was associated with increased toughness and increased photochemically derived phenolic dimers that cross-link hemicellulose. Tender young maize plants have a low level of cell wall phenolics and depend on a toxin (DIMBOA) for defence. In older plants, DIMBOA levels are low, leaves are tough, and resistance is largely structure-based.