gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresistance characteristics of grain-type alloy thin films of various compositions (1993)

Grain-type alloy thin films consisting of fine ferromagnetic grains, which are composed of Fe, Co, Ni, or their alloys, in non-magnetic Ag, Bi, or Mg matrices were prepared by a vacuum deposition method. Structural, magnetic, and magnetoresistance characteristics were studied on such films as a function of the composition and concentration. A giant magnetoresistance GMR effect was observed over a broad range of magnetic concentrations in the Ag-based systems, except the Ni-Ag one, at room temperature. The appearance of the GMR effect is probably correlated with the Curie temperature of the magnetic component and the atomic radius ratio of the magnetic and non-magnetic components.
Growth Rate and Secretion of Pituitary Hormones in Relation to Age and Chronic Treatment with Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Prepubertal Dairy Heifers (1977)

Holstein heifers were treated with synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or saline twice daily from one week through 6 mo of age. Plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) were elevated (P less than .01) within 30 min after the first TRH injection (1 week of age). At 1 and 3 mo of treatment, PRL and TSH increased in response to TRH, although the TSH response was reduced (P less than .01) as compared to the first day of treatment. Although plasma growth hormone (GH) appeared to be elevated following the first TRH injection, this effect was not statistically significant (P less than .05), nor was it significantly influenced by treatment following subsequent TRH injections. None of the 3 hormones, PRL, TSH or GH, was elevated following the final TRH injection at 6 mo of age. In contrast, plasma concentrations of PRL and TSH were increased in a control heifer injected with TRH at 6 mo. These data indicate that hormonal responsiveness to TRH stimulation decreases with continued twice daily treatment at doses of TRH used in the present studies. Examination of weight gains indicated that chronic treatment with TRH was associated with increased growth rate through 6 mo of age (10.6% increased average daily gains P less than .10), which was exhibited in a steeper slope (P less than .05) of the growth curve in the TRH group. Feed intake was slightly greater in TRH heifers, although feed efficiency (kg feed/kg gain) was not different between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of PRL increased (P less than .01) with age (r = +0.938) in control heifers while plasma TSH and GH were not significantly related to age. This observation establishes a positive correlative relationship between PRL secretion and the approach of puberty in the dairly heirfer. It was also noted that elevation of PRL secretion by TRH treatment was associated with significant advancement of age at first observed estrus (9.4 vs. - 10.5 mo) suggesting that a functional relationship between PRL secretion and puberty may exist in dairy heifers.
Gas Permeation in SPE Method: I . Oxygen Permeation Through Nafion and NEOSEPTA (1984)

The permeation of oxygen at atmospheric pressure through Nafion® 120 and NEOSEPTA® ACH‐45T ion‐exchange membranes was investigated by an electrochemical monitoring technique, which utilizes SPE composite electrodes prepared by an electroless plating method. The oxygen diffusion coefficients were almost the same for each material, but the oxygen solubility was much higher in Nafion than in NEOSEPTA. The oxygen solubility in NEOSEPTA could be explained in terms of dissolution in the aqueous component of the membrane, but the oxygen solubility in Nafion was too high for such an explanation, and was postulated to involve the role of the polytetrafluoroethylene backbone.
ENGINE-OIL CONSUMPTION AND DILUTION<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1924)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An independent study of a similar nature to that made by the Bureau of Standards on fuels in 1923 was conducted by the company the author represents, and the paper presents first the results of the tests made on five 7½-ton trucks during the regular course of business deliveries. Curves plotted from the data thus obtained are presented and analyzed in considerable detail.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These data were then utilized as a basis for a series of dynamometer experiments in an attempt to explain further the effects of the many temperature and mechanical variables on the rate of oil consumption and oil dilution when only one factor was allowed to vary at a time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The dynamometer apparatus and the engine used are described, together with the test routine, and an analysis is made of the result of wear of the test engine. The “standard” conditions under which the test runs were made are stated. Each series of runs was made by varying only one of these standard variables at a time; all others were held constant. The runs of Series A relate to carbureter setting, and those for the subsequent series have to do with load, oil volume, crankcase temperatures, carbureter air-temperature, cylinder-jacket temperature and engine speed. Curves plotted from data obtained in each series of tests are presented and analyzed, and, as an indication</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">of the general trend of the results that may help to solve some of the perplexing lubrication problems now current, five tentative conclusions are specified.</div>
Interference with TGF‐β1 and ‐β3 in tumor stroma lowers tumor interstitial fluid pressure independently of growth in experimental carcinoma (2002)

A high tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) is a pathologic characteristic distinguishing the stroma of carcinomas from normal interstitial loose connective tissues. The role of TGF-beta1 and -beta3 in generating a high TIFP was investigated in xenografted experimental anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) derived from the human ATC cell line KAT-4. A single intravenous injection of a soluble recombinant TGF-beta receptor type II-murine Fc:IgG(2A) chimeric protein that specifically inhibits TGF-beta1 and -beta3, significantly lowered TIFP in a time and concentration dependent manner but did not change total tissue water content in the tumors. Tumor growth rate was higher in tumors treated with the TGF-beta1 and -beta3 inhibitor compared to control tumors during the first 10 days after administration of the inhibitor. The apoptotic index of carcinoma cells, and expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1), were, however, increased in TGF-beta1 and -beta3 inhibitor-treated tumors. Prolonged treatment periods and administration of a second dose of the inhibitor decreased tumor growth rate. The TGF-beta1 and -beta3 inhibitor did not affect proliferation or expression of phosphorylated Smad2 protein in KAT-4 cells cultured in vitro. Our results indicate that members of the TGF-beta family are potential targets for novel anti-cancer treatment directed to the stroma. First by controlling TIFP and by that potentially the uptake of anticancer drugs into tumors and second by their suggested role in maintaining a supportive tumor stroma.
A rapid colorimetric screening method for vanillic acid and vanillin-producing bacterial strains (2013)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of a rapid colorimetric screening method for bacterial strains producing vanillin and vanillic acid from ferulic acid.
A Program Production System Using ID and File-Data over IP Networks (2005)

This paper proposes a program production system over an IP network that uses and integrates Unique Material Identifier (UMID), Material eXchange Format (MXF), and non-destructive editing, based on the editing description. In this system, materials and their metadata on distributed servers can be accessed from anywhere on the network by attaching a UMID to all materials and by wrapping the UMID, metadata, and materials in MXF format The result of editing is output in the form of an editing description, and all materials are referred to by the UMID in the editing description. In broadcasting, or completing the program, the video reproduction equipment searches the original source material by the UMID and processes materials with effects according to the editing description. Images to be superimposed can be created in parallel while editing the program, by notifying the program producer application of the UMID only. The system has been implemented experimentally, its operation has been verified, and its effectiveness confirmed.
A New "Multi-step" Power-law TDDB Lifetime Model and Boron Penetration Effect on TDDB of Ultra Thin oxide (2007)

In this work, the "multi-step" power law TDDB model is proposed for ultra thin oxide. The nitrogen concentration effect on the voltage acceleration slope in p-FET is modeled by the boron penetration, and the voltage acceleration slope can be well explained by the "multi-step" power-law TDDB model.
Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle greenhouse gas mitigation cost of five routes to bio-jet fuel blendstocks (2019)

Decarbonizing the air transportation sector remains one of the most challenging hurdles to mitigating climate change.
Studies on Human Urinary Enzymes and Inhibitors (1978)

Urinary enzymes and inhibitors were concentrated by using several methods, such as membrane filter, polyethyleneglycol, ion exchange, bentonite, celite, silica gel, and Arg-Sepharose columns. Of these methods, Arg-Sepharose adsorption was shown to be the most suitable for the concentration method. One liter of normal human urine concentrated by Arg-Sepharose column contained not only esterase activities on Nα-acetylglycyl-L-lysine methyl ester (AGLMe); 9.15, p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAMe); 3.00, N-acetyl-L-arginie methyl ester (AAMe); 2.33, Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEe); 2.01, p-tosyl-L-lysine methyl ester (TLMe); 1.47, and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (ATEe); 0.55 μmol/min, but also very strong anti-trypsin activity (inhibiting 5,049 μg of trypsin). The AGLMe hydrolyzing enzyme showed two peaks with molecular weights of 54,000 and above 100,000 on using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, both of which had plasminogen activating activity and were completely neutralized by anti-urokinase antiserum, and were thought to be urokinase. The TAMe hydrolyzing enzyme was thought to be kallikrein, which corresponded to a molecular weight of 43,000 and had strong kinin-producing activity. Urinary trypsin inhibitor showed a molecular weight of 67,000 and migrated to the serum prealbumin fraction on Pevikon block electrophoresis at pH 8.6. From the substrate spectrum and the enzyme recovery of the urine concentrate the possibility of the presence of some other new urinary enzymes and inhibitors was also suggested.
A new class of current-controlled suppressed-link AC to AC frequency changers (2002)

Static frequency changers (SFCs) typically use a rectifier-inverter combination with a passive LC filter as the intermediate DC link. This class of SFCs does not allow sustained regeneration and requires a bulky DC filter. A recently proposed alternative, based on the synchronous energy transfer principles, has successfully solved the problems of power regeneration, but still requires a DC side filter. Moreover, it is very susceptible to input AC line unbalances. A class of compact regenerative SFCs, which do not require a DC filter, are insensitive to input unbalances, and have a very rugged power and control circuit structure. PWM pattern generation on the inverter side is based on output current control. Design and implementation considerations are discussed. Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and predicted performance of the proposed class of converter circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of oral proteolytic enzymes in patients after undergoing blepharoplasty (1998)

To the Editor:

A 73-year-old nonsmoking, nondiabetic white man with hypertension complained chiefly of bilateral visual field defects resulting from palpebral dermatochalasis of the upper lids and redundant skin and fat on the lower lids. Because of the visual field defects, he was referred for consultation for a blepharoplasty by his primary care physician. During the examination, the patient was found to have 3.5 cm of excess skin of the upper lids bilaterally and weakness in the lower lids, with early senile ectropion, protuberant periorbital fat, and moderate skin laxity. I suggested a bilateral upper lid blepharoplasty, primarily involving skin resection with a small rim of orbicularis muscle. The lower lids would be treated with a lateral canthopexy, elevation of a skin muscle flap, and resection of herniated periorbital fat. The patient agreed to this procedure after I explained the risks and benefits and alternative procedures.

In spite of the patient's history of hypertension and mild cardiovascular disease, his primary care physician believed he was a good candidate for surgery. Additional risk factors included urinary retention resulting from benign prostatic hypertrophy, …
Graphical Models for Joint Segmentation and Recognition of License Plate Characters (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We formulate the issue of joint image segmentation and recognition as an integrated statistical inference problem. A two-layer graphical model is proposed that supports the optimal segmentation and recognition in an unified Bayesian framework. Due to the explicit modeling of two tasks in the graphical model, an efficient non-iterative belief propagation algorithm is used for state estimation. The proposed approach is applied to automatic licence plate recognition (ALPR), and it outperforms traditional methods where the two tasks are implemented independently and sequentially. </para>
Detection and relocation of cord blood nucleated red blood cells by laser scanning cytometry (2002)

Laser scanning cytometry of preenriched fetal NRBC may offer a promising way for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. This is because it provides a virtual enrichment step and the position on the slides of cells visually confirmed to correspond to fetal NRBC is known. Further experimental procedures on well-defined and located target cells may be feasible.
Constitutive Overexpression of Secreted Heterologous Proteins Decreases Extractable BiP and Protein Disulfide Isomerase Levels in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

High-level gene expression does not always lead to corresponding high-level secretion of heterologous proteins in yeast. The rate-limiting step in many cases has been shown to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Within the ER, the correct folding of secreted proteins is required for export competence; hence, the cellular proteins involved in these events are likely to be important for efficient secretion. We have found that the extractable levels of two ER-resident proteins involved in folding--heavy chain binding protein (BiP) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)--are significantly reduced by prolonged constitutive overexpression of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), human erythropoietin, or Schizosaccharomyces pombe acid phosphatase. However, the rate of BiP synthesis measured in pulse--chase radiolabeling experiments is not reduced by GCSF overexpression, and galactose-directed transcription of the BiP gene does not restore normal BiP protein levels once they have been depleted. The observed loss of lumenal resident proteins, either by proteolysis or irreversible aggregation, is expected to contribute significantly to the inefficiency of foreign protein secretion in yeast.
Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes in Transgenic Mice and Transfected Cellsa (1988)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) genes are expressed sequentially (first H-, then L-chain genes) during the development of B lymphocytes. These studies, performed with transgenic mice and transfected cells, were aimed at the regulation of turning on and off the rearrangement of Ig genes. The specific recombinase is active in pre-B cells, but not in plasma cells. Production of membrane mu, but not secreted mu or gamma-2b, turns off rearrangement of H genes. Feedback inhibition of kappa-gene rearrangement requires kappa and membrane mu. Kappa alone or in combination with secreted mu does not stop recombination. Mouse lambda genes were mapped by deletion analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The gene order is V2-C2,4-V1-C3,C1. The distance between V2 and C2 is 74 kb, but that between V1 and C3, 1 is only 20 kb. V2 and C3, 1 are over 190 kb apart. Lambda genes appear to be rearranged in a subset of B cells that do not respond to feedback inhibition at the pre-B cell stage. Lambda and kappa genes are both rearranged and potentially functional in these cells. Kappa genes may then be deleted by recombination of a sequence (described by Selsing and Siminovitch et al.) downstream of C-kappa with sequences upstream of C-kappa. Presumably the recombinase is eventually inactivated in kappa-lambda cells by a mechanism that is different from H-kappa feedback.
Storage system design for non-volatile byte-addressable memory using consistent and durable data structures (2011)

The predicted shift to low cost, non-volatile, byte-addressable memory (e.g., Phase Change Memory and Memristor), the growth of ???big data???, and the subsequent emergence of frameworks such as memcached and NoSQL systems require us to rethink the design of storage systems. Today, the predominant method available to application programmers for obtaining persistence of data is through the file interface which provides access to a filesystem, which in turn uses the block layer to provide access to hard disk drives or solid state disks. With the advent of non-volatile byte-addressable memory (NVBM), buffered I/O systems designed primarily for hard disks are no longer the most efficient design for storage. We show that the overheads imposed by system calls, the file interface, and the block device layer can make NVBM access up to 266 times slower compared to directly performing loads and stores.\nWith performance characteristics closer to DRAM, NVBM demands software designs that resemble common heap data structures rather than current systems that serialize data via the file interface. To derive the maximum performance, we propose the use of single-level data stores where no distinction is made between a volatile and a persistent copy of data. For these systems, we present Consistent and Durable Data Structures (CDDSs) that, on current hardware, allows programmers to safely exploit the low-latency and non-volatile aspects of new memory technologies. CDDSs use versioning to allow atomic updates without requiring logging. The same versioning scheme also enables rollback for failure recovery. When compared to a memory-backed Berkeley DB B-Tree, our prototype- based results show that a CDDS B-Tree can increase put and get throughput by 74% and 138%. Tembo, a CDDS B-Tree enabled distributed Key-Value system, has up to 250%???286% higher throughput than Cassandra, a two-level data store.
A coumarin-derivative dye sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell having a high solar-energy conversion efficiency up to 5.6% (2001)

It is found that newly synthesized coumarin derivatives work as highly efficient photosensitizers for dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells producing a 5.6% solar-light-to-electricity conversion efficiency, the highest efficiency so far among organic dye-sensitized solar cells, with a short-circuit current density of 13.8 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.63 V, and a fill factor of 0.63 under standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).
Role of the Immune Tolerance-Inducing Molecule Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Gynecologic Cancers (2013)

Immune escape and acquisition of tolerance by tumor cells are essential to cancer growth and progression. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to overcoming the immune resistance of tumors as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the tryptophan-catabolizing and immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and its functional role in gynecologic cancers, such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. IDO induces tolerance to the host immune surveillance through suppressing the proliferation of effector T-cells or natural killer cells and their killer functions within the tumor microenvironment. In gynecologic cancers, IDO is highly expressed in more than half of cases, and tumoral IDO expression is correlated with advanced surgical stage and impaired patient survival. In preclinical studies in mice, an IDO inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan suppresses tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination, and increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. In summary, IDO is a novel prognostic indicator for endometrial, ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancers. IDO inhibition may be a promising strategy to restore host anti-tumor immunity and to enhance the anti-tumor potential of current chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy for gynecologic cancers.
p66SHC Promotes Apoptosis and Antagonizes Mitogenic Signaling in T Cells (2004)

Of the three Shc isoforms, p66Shc is responsible for fine-tuning p52/p46Shc signaling to Ras and has been implicated in apoptotic responses to oxidative stress. Here we show that human peripheral blood lymphocytes and mouse thymocytes and splenic T cells acquire the capacity to express p66Shc in response to apoptogenic stimulation. Using a panel of T-cell transfectants and p66Shc(-/-) T cells, we show that p66Shc expression results in increased susceptibility to apoptogenic stimuli, which depends on Ser36 phosphorylation and correlates with an altered balance in apoptosis-regulating gene expression. Furthermore, p66Shc blunts mitogenic responses to T-cell receptor engagement, at least in part by transdominant inhibition of p52Shc signaling to Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinases, in an S36-dependent manner. The data highlight a novel interplay between p66Shc and p52Shc in the control of T-cell fate.
Drug‐Protein Conjugates: Preparation of Triamcinolone‐Acetonide Containing Bovine Serum Albumin/Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin‐Conjugates and Polyclonal Antibodies (1995)

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the quantitation of triamcinolone-acetonide (TAAc) at the picogram level. For use of TAAc as an antigenic epitope first the drug was hemisuccinoylated at C-21 as confirmed by 13C-NMR- and mass spectroscopy after derivatization. This hapten was conjugated to the carrier-protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by different amide-bond generating methods (imidazolide-, carbodiimide-, carbodiimide/sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide-, mixed anhydride-method) yielding antigens of quite different conjugation number, solubility and usefulness. The mixed anhydride-method yielded most useful soluble conjugates bearing 0.3-31.5 mol TAAc per mol carrier-protein. Coupling by the carbodiimide-method yielded insoluble conjugates, inappropriate for antigen synthesis in hapten immunoassays because of formation of coupling agent modified residues and crosslinking of the carrier-protein. Specificity of the antisera obtained by immunization with TAAc-BSA and TAAc-KLH was assessed by isolation of the soluble hapten-antibody complex and a RIA protocol was developed providing a detection limit of 200 pg (0.46 pmol) TAAc/ml sample.
Three-Component Coupling Strategy for Expeditious Synthesis of 4-Aminobenzoxazinones on Mineral Support (2005)

Novel montmorillonite K-10 clay supported three-­component reactions of substituted salicylaldehydes, N-substituted ureas/carbamates and ammonium acetate or an amine expeditiously yield 3,4-dihydro-4-amino-2H-benz[e]-1,3-oxazin-2-ones via ­cycloisomerization of intermediate aldimines under solvent-free microwave irradiation in a one-pot procedure.