gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Silicone Oil on the Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled HDPE Composites (2000)

The effects of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide filler, surfacemodifications of the fillers, and silicone oil on the mechanical properties ofhigh density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied. The surface modificationsof magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 )with coupling agents such as silanes and organotitanate increase the tensilestrength to some extent, and have little effect on elongation at break andnotched Izod impact strength of HDPE composites containing 140 phr fillers. Silicone oil was found to be an effective additive for toughening highly filledHDPE composites, and this, together with an appropriate surface modification ofthe fillers, is an important factor in realizing the change in the highlyfilled HDPE composites from brittle to tough fracture under tensile and impactstress. The plastic deformation of the fracture surfaces of HDPE compositesobserved by scanning electron microscopy is associated with the presence ofsilicone oil.
Cloning of a DNA fragment encoding a heme-repressible hemoglobin-binding outer membrane protein from Haemophilus influenzae. (2020)

Haemophilus influenzae is able to use hemoglobin as a sole source of heme, and heme-repressible hemoglobin binding to the cell surface has been demonstrated. Using an affinity purification methodology, a hemoglobin-binding protein of approximately 120 kDa was isolated from H. influenzae type b strain HI689 grown in heme-restricted but not in heme-replete conditions. The isolated protein was subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and the derived amino acid sequence was used to design corresponding oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were used to probe a Southern blot of EcoRI-digested HI689 genomic DNA. A hybridizing band of approximately 4.2 kb was successfully cloned into pUC19. Using a 1.9-kb internal BglII fragment of the 4.2-kb clone as a probe, hybridization was seen in both typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae but not in other bacterial species tested. Following partial nucleotide sequencing of the 4.2-kb insert, a putative open reading frame was subcloned into an expression vector. The host Escherichia coli strain in which the cloned fragment was expressed bound biotinylated human hemoglobin, whereas binding of hemoglobin was not detected in E. coli with the vector alone. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the DNA fragment encoding an approximately 120-kDa heme-repressible hemoglobin-binding protein mediates one step in the acquisition of hemoglobin by H. influenzae in vivo.
Ocean PHILLS hyperspectral imager: design, characterization, and calibration (2002)

The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) is a hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backsideilluminated CCD for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortionfree image. The sensor, which was constructed entirely from commercially available components, has been successfully deployed during several oceanographic experiments in 1999-2001. Here we describe the instrument design and present the results of laboratory characterization and calibration. We also present examples of remote-sensing reflectance data obtained from the LEO-15 site in New Jersey that agrees well with ground-truth measurements.
Design and implementation of a digital phase shift beamformer (1978)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of a digital beamformer conceived in the late 1960’s to replace the mechanical video scanning switch found in many sonar systems of that time. The design goals included preserving the wide dynamic range typical of high powered sonars, increasing the scanning rate to be commensurate with system bandwidth, and providing sonar data in digital form for studies of post-beamforming processing. In Sec. I, a digital beamformer which uses geometric quantization of quadrature sampled stave data is described, and its properties are obtained via computer simulation for a circular array geometry. The combination of digital phase shift beamforming with circular array geometry leads naturally to a serial implementation, which amounts to a ’’finite impulse response (FIR)’’ filter, to obtain a scanned beam output. One version of this implementation was built and tested. Brief descriptions of the hardware and its measured properties are given in Sec. II.
Molecular-dynamics simulation of wetting and drying at solid-fluid interfaces (1987)

Computer simulations of a Lennard-Jones fluid adsorbed at a structured solid substrate have been carried out with the Delft Molecular Dynamics Processor, using about 11 500 particles. Realistic density profiles have been obtained. By measurement of surface tensions and contact angles, a wetting as well as a drying phase transition have been identified. The wetting transition had not previously been seen in computer simulations of continuum fluids. Both transitions are of first order.
Dynamic behavior analysis of android applications for malware detection (2017)

Android is most popular operating system for smartphones and small devices with 86.6% market share (Chau 2016). Its open source nature makes it more prone to attacks creating a need for malware analysis. Main approaches for detecting malware intents of mobile applications are based on either static analysis or dynamic analysis. In static analysis, apps are inspected for suspicious patterns of code to identify malicious segments. However, several obfuscation techniques are available to provide a guard against such analysis. The dynamic analysis on the other hand is a behavior-based detection method that involves investigating the run-time behavior of the suspicious app to uncover malware. The present study extracts the system call behavior of 216 malicious apps and 278 normal apps to construct a feature vector for training a classifier. Seven data classification techniques including decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting trees, k-NN, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine and deep learning were applied on this dataset. Three feature ranking techniques were usedto select appropriate features from the set of 337 attributes (system calls). These techniques of feature ranking included information gain, Chi-square statistic and correlation analysis by determining weights of the features. After discarding select features with low ranks the performances of the classifiers were measured using accuracy and recall. Experiments show that Support Vector Machines (SVM) after selecting features through correlation analysis outperformed other techniques where an accuracy of 97.16% is achieved with recall 99.54% (for malicious apps). The study also contributes by identifying the set of systems calls that are crucial in identifying malicious intent of android apps.
Genome Sequence of a Heterotrophic Nitrifier and Aerobic Denitrifier, Paracoccus denitrificans Strain ISTOD1, Isolated from Wastewater (2018)

We report here the draft genome sequence of <i>Paracoccus denitrificans</i> strain ISTOD1 of 4.9 Mb, isolated from wastewater. It has been identified as a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying bacterium. Genomic analysis revealed genes related to nitrogen and phosphorus removal, showing that the strain holds potential for bioremediation and biorefinery uses.
Transesterification of Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel using a Heteropolyacid Solid Catalyst (2007)

Abstract A clean, facile, and ecologically friendly method for the production of biodiesel has been developed. A solid acid, namely the heteropolyacid (HPA) Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 , has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from Eruca sativa Gars. oils (ESG oil) with methanol at a certain temperature. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the reaction time, temperature, the oil to methanol ratio, the amount of catalyst, and the usage times of the catalyst, has been performed. The Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 heterogeneous acid catalyst shows almost the same activity under the optimized reaction conditions as compared to a conventional homogeneous catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid, and can easily be separated from the products and can be used for several more runs. The most important features of this catalyst are that the catalytic activity is not effected by the content of free fatty acids and content of water in the vegetable oil and that the esterification can occur at a lower temperature (room temperature) and be finished within a shorter time. The results illustrate that the Cs 2.5 H 0.5 PW 12 O 40 is an excellent, water‐tolerant and environmentally benign solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel. The fuel properties of ESG biodiesel were found to be in agreement with the ASTM standard.
Cheating with imperfect transcripts (2002)

Most speech recognition systems try to reconstruct a word sequence given an acoustic input, using prior information about the language being spoken. In some cases, there is more information available to the decoder than simply the acoustics. When decoding a television news broadcast, for example, the closed-caption information that is often recorded for hearing-impaired viewers may also be available. While these captions are generally not completely accurate transcriptions, they can be considered to be a strong hint as to what was actually spoken. In this paper, we present a formalization of this problem in terms of the source channel paradigm. We propose a simple translation model for mapping caption sequences to word sequences which updates the language model with the prior information inherent in the captions. We also describe an efficient implementation of the search in a Viterbi decoder and present results using this system in the broadcast news domain.
Abstract 1565: API 31510 as a potential agent in management of CNS leukemia (2011)

Abstract Infiltration of cancer cells into the cerebrospinal milieu remains a challenge to oncologists. Thus, prophylactic therapy to avoid CNS tumors is now standard of care to avoid the development of tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the advances in oncological care, this issue remains poorly understood. In this regard, we have created a model of CNS chloroleukemia using Fischer 344 rats, in which chloroleukemic cells were injected when they are newborns and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is given as a first-line of treatment. The cure rate with this regimen is 50%, and approximately 10% of survivors develop CNS leukemia as judged by their motor skills and the presence of quadriplegia and paraplegia. For this study, we injected 2400 Fischer 344 neonates with MIAC51 and treated them with LPS. All animals with overt signs of leukemia were sacrificed by day 26. By day 35, survivors started exhibiting CNS abnormalities. Of that cohort, we selected 150 animals with hind leg paraplegia on day 40. These animals were then re-randomized into 5 groups: group 1 received no treatment, group 2 received excipient control IV, group 3 received 5mg/kg API 31510 IV, group 4 received 25mg/kg IV, and group 5 received 100 mg/kg IV for 4 weeks, 3 times daily. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 did not exhibit any signs of improvement and were sacrificed due to metastatic malignancy. These findings were recorded by MRI positive for tumor cells. In sharp contrast, animals injected with 100mg/kg IV exhibited a significant recovery of their motor skills and regained their ability to walk. MRI distinctly shows the lack of tumor cells in this group. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that API 31510 may provide a cure for CNS leukemia and may also be an effective prophylactic agent to prevent the extravasation of leukemic cells into the CNS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1565. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1565
Parabolic Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships and Photodynamic Therapy: Application of a Three‐Compartment Model with Clearance to the <i>In Vivo</i> Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships of a Congeneric Series of Pyropheophorbide Derivatives Used as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (1999)

Abstract An open three‐compartment pharmacokinetic model was applied to the in vivo quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) data of a homologous series of pyropheophorbide photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The physical model was a lipid compartment sandwiched between two identical aqueous compartments. The first compartment was assumed to clear irreversibly at a rate K 0+ . The measured octanol‐water partition coefficients, P 1 (where i is the number of carbons in the alkyl chain) and the clearance rate K 0 determined the clearance kinetics of the drugs. Solving the coupled differential equations of the three‐compartment model produced clearance kinetics for each of the sensitizers in each of the compartments. The third compartment was found to contain the target of PDT. This series of compounds is quite lipophilic. Therefore these drugs are found mainly in the second compartment. The drug level in the third compartment represents a small fraction of the tissue level and is thus not accessible to direct measurement by extraction. The second compartment of the model accurately predicted the clearance from the serum of mice of the hexyl ether of pyropheophorbide a, one member of this series of compounds. The diffusion and clearance rate constants were those found by fitting the pharmacokinetics of the third compartment to the QSAR data. This result validated the magnitude and mechanistic significance of the rate constants used to model the QSAR data. The PDT response to dose theory was applied to the kinetic behavior of the target compartment drug concentration. This produced a pharmacokinetic‐based function connecting PDT response to dose as a function of time postinjection. This mechanistic dose‐response function was fitted to published, single time point QSAR data for the pheophorbides. As a result, the PDT target threshold dose together with the predicted QSAR as a function of time postinjection was found.
Adaptive fault tolerance for reliable LMS adaptive filtering (1997)

Adaptive fault tolerance (AFT) is introduced and applied to finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters, Fault-tolerant adaptive filters (FTAFs) that result from using the principles of AFT are analyzed with respect to convergence rate, computational complexity, and hardware overhead. A practical and useful FTAF based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is developed that can tolerate numerous coefficient failures regardless of the input noise statistics. The aims of this paper are to demonstrate the principles of the AFT approach and to motivate future research in this area by drawing attention to similarities between AFT and other methods of fault tolerance that exploit adaptivity, such as neural networks.
A review of combined power and cooling cycles (2013)

Combined power and refrigeration cycles have been explored for improving their overall energy conversion efficiency and decreasing the cost of energy produced. Bottoming cycles can be used to recover the waste heat or exhaust heat of gas turbines and conventional steam R ankine cycles and convert it to work and/or refrigeration. In most applications, refrigeration is the more expensive product than power because it requires refrigeration equipment as well as power to produce conventional refrigeration. Therefore, the additional output of refrigeration by the combined cycle provides greater benefit than conventional power systems. This paper presents a review of combined power and cooling cycles for effective utilization of heat sources. This article is categorized under: Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials Energy Systems Economics > Science and Materials
Partially integrated cantilever-based airborne nanoparticle detector for continuous carbon aerosol mass concentration monitoring (2015)

Abstract. The performance of a low-cost partially integrated cantilever-based airborne nanoparticle (NP) detector (CANTOR-1) is evaluated in terms of its real-time measurement and robustness. The device is used for direct reading of exposure to airborne carbon engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in indoor workplaces. As the main components, a miniaturized electrostatic aerosol sampler and a piezoresistive resonant silicon cantilever mass sensor are employed to collect the ENPs from the air stream to the cantilever surfaces and to measure their mass concentration, respectively. Moreover, to realize a real-time measurement, a frequency tracking system based on a phase-locked loop (PLL) is built and integrated into the device. Long-term ENP exposure and a wet ultrasonic cleaning method are demonstrated to estimate the limitation and extend the operating lifetime of the developed device, respectively. By means of the device calibrations performed with a standard ENP monitoring instrument of a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS, TSI 3091), a measurement precision of ENP mass concentrations of < 55% and a limit of detection (LOD) of < 25 μg m−3 are obtained.
Biological indicators for low temperature steam formaldehyde sterilization: effect of defined media on sporulation, germination index and moist heat resistance at 110dEC of <i>Bacillus</i> strains (1985)

Choice of a biological indicator depends upon selecting a strain with the optimum balance of desirable properties. Screening 20 strains of Bacillus spp. for sporulation on three defined media has shown the wide variation that occurs in requirements for sporulation and properties of the resultant spores. Comparison of germination index and moist heat resistance of resultant spores suggest that a combination of high germination index, high heat resistance and linear inactivation may not be possible.
Visualization for Anomaly Detection and Data Management by Leveraging Network, Sensor and GIS Techniques (2012)

This paper studies the importance of visualization for discerning and interpreting patterns of data and its application for solving real problems, such as anomaly detection and data management. There are various ways to realize visualization to cater to the needs of numerous real life applications. Depending on needs, a combination of some of these ways may be required for presenting an effective visualization. The authors present visualization schemes for anomaly detection/condition monitoring and data management by leveraging network techniques and combining them with modern techniques such as sensor, database, mobile communication, GPS and GIS techniques. Two case studies are presented and analyzed. By stepping through the design and implementation processes of these projects, this paper aims to serve as a guide for other designers or researchers to create visual analysis tools or implement projects requiring such visualization.
Quantitative evidence for conserved longevity pathways between divergent eukaryotic species (2008)

Studies in invertebrate model organisms have been a driving force in aging research, leading to the identification of many genes that influence life span. Few of these genes have been examined in the context of mammalian aging, however, and it remains an open question as to whether and to what extent the pathways that modulate longevity are conserved across different eukaryotic species. Using a comparative functional genomics approach, we have performed the first quantitative analysis of the degree to which longevity genes are conserved between two highly divergent eukaryotic species, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report the replicative life span phenotypes for single-gene deletions of the yeast orthologs of worm aging genes. We find that 15% of these yeast deletions are long-lived. In contrast, only 3.4% of a random set of deletion mutants are long-lived-a statistically significant difference. These data suggest that genes that modulate aging have been conserved not only in sequence, but also in function, over a billion years of evolution. Among the longevity determining ortholog pairs, we note a substantial enrichment for genes involved in an evolutionarily conserved pathway linking nutrient sensing and protein translation. In addition, we have identified several conserved aging genes that may represent novel longevity pathways. Together, these findings indicate that the genetic component of life span determination is significantly conserved between divergent eukaryotic species, and suggest pathways that are likely to play a similar role in mammalian aging.
Copper electromigration in aluminum (1977)

The apparent effective charge Z**Cu, of copper in aluminum was measured using a quasi-steady-state technique. Z**Cu was measured in the temperature range 325–500 °C at several current densities. The measured values ranged between −4.1 and −14.9. No clear current density or temperature dependence could be seen, except for a possible increase in Z**Cu with decreasing temperature.
Enhancing Drug Release from Polylactide Microspheres by Using Base in the Microencapsulation Process (1987)

In the preparation of microspheres by solvent evaporation from oil-in-water emulsions, the presence of base (NaOH) was found to enhance the release of thioridazine from polylactide microspheres. The amount of drug release as a function of time was dependent on the amount of base added to the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that this increased drug release may be due to modification of the internal structure of the microspheres by sodium hydroxide during fabrication.
Use of data from multiple registries in studying biologic discontinuation: challenges and opportunities. (2013)

Many studies have been conducted concerning discontinuation of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD), but mainly in trial settings which result in limited generalisability. Registry studies can complement the current literature of biologic DMARD discontinuation by providing more generalisable information. However, it may be necessary to combine registries to increase power and provide more diverse patient populations. This increased power could provide us information about risk and benefits of discontinuing biologic DMARD in typical clinical practice. However, use of multiple registries is not without challenges. In this review, we discuss the challenges to combining data across multiple registries, focusing on biologic discontinuation as an example. Challenges include: 1) generalizability of each registry; 2) new versus prevalent users designs; 3) outcome definitions; 4) different health care systems; 5) different follow up intervals; and 6) data harmonisation. The first three apply to each registry, and the last three apply to combining multiple registries. This review describes these challenges, corresponding solutions, and potential future opportunities.