gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the classification of NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications (2016)

With the development of nonlinear optics and new imaging methods, near-infrared (NIR) light can excite contrast agents to probe biological specimens both functionally and structurally with a deeper imaging depth and a higher spatial resolution than linear optical approaches. There is considerable and growing interest in how biological specimens respond to NIR light. Moreover, the visible absorption band of most functional nanomaterials becomes NIR-excitable through multiphoton processes, thus allowing multifunctional imaging and combined therapy with noble metal and magnetic nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. A groundbreaking example is the use of different laser techniques to excite single-type NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials to produce multiphoton emission by femtosecond lasers using either a remote control system for photodynamic therapy or photo-induced chemical bond dissociation. These techniques provided superior anatomical resolution and detection sensitivity for in vivo tumor-targeted imaging than those offered by conventional methods. Here we summarize the most recent progress in the development of smart NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications. Nanomaterials that absorb or emit near-infrared light are increasingly being used to probe the structures and functions of biosystems. In particular, they are valuable for in vivo monitoring of drug nanocarriers, which offer many advantages over conventional drug-delivery methods. João Conde of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA and co-workers give a timely review of recent progress in this area. They consider the various types of near-infrared absorbing and emitting nanomaterials. The scientists assess nine kinds of nanoparticles that are useful for multiphoton microscopy. They then overview toxicity studies of these materials. Finally, the researchers provide a roadmap for future research by listing ten properties that ideal near-infrared bioprobes would possess. Specifically, they note that ideal bioprobes should be biocompatible, versatile and multifunctional. A huge interest shows that optical contrast agents to probe biological specimen both functionally and structurally with deeper action depth and better spatial resolution is closely related with the development of near-infrared (NIR) light excitation and nonlinear optics and new imaging methods. This review will go beyond the state-of-the-art by revisiting the up-to-date progress in developing smart NIR-to-NIR and upconverted nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications. The latest advances in the development of novel NIR-to-NIR linear and nonlinear optical nanomaterials and their potential applications in cancer targeting, diagnosis and therapeutics and deep-tissue imaging are described.
A Multikilowatt X Band Nanosecond Source (1967)

We have recently investigated several possible methods of generating nanosecond pulses of relatively large amplitude. By employing a 25-kilowatt magnetron X-band pulser, a four-port circulator, and two thyratron waveguide switches, we have generated a 19-kilowatt ouput pulse (see figure 1) the half-power pulsewidth of which is 10 nanoseconds. The risetimes and falltimes are 2 and 4 nanoseconds, respectively. The width at -10, -13, -20, and -23 dB dawn from the peak value is 12.5, 15, 20, and 22 nanoseconds, respectively. Increasing the peak power level to 50 kW resulted in a narrower pulse (~7 nanoseconds) with a risetime of 1.5 nanoseconds. Though the experiment was Iimited by the maximum power output of the Iaboratory magnetron, theory indicates even shorter pulses with steeper skirts at higher power levels (~1/4 megawatt in X-band).
An efficient spatial publish/subscribe system for intelligent location-based services (2003)

The advance in wireless Internet and mobile computing brought the booming of intelligent Location-Based Services(LBS), which can actively push location-dependent information to mobile users according to their predefined interest. The successful development of push-based LBS applications relies on the existence of a publish/subscribe middleware that can handle spatial relationship. This paper presents an efficient spatial publish/subscribe system that can serve as the middleware for intelligent LBS applications. The basic models, including spatial event model, spatial subscription model and notification model, are introduced and the over-all architecture is presented. Two kinds of spatial predicate that can meet most common requirement of intelligent location aware applications are also discussed. Furthermore, we propose a novel spatial event processing approach that dispatches the spatial subscriptions to self-positioning mobile devices. By leveraging client-side computing resource and decreasing the communication times, the server-side workload is relieved and the communication cost is reduced. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Nitrogen induced increase of growth rate in chemical vapor deposition of diamond (1996)

Polycrystalline diamond films have been grown by microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition from methane/hydrogen gas mixtures. The addition of small amounts of nitrogen with concentrations below 50 ppm to the process gas was found to drastically increase the deposition rate depending on the microwave power. At 4.2 kW microwave power a five times higher growth rate compared to nitrogen-free depositions was achieved. The optical transmission and thermal conductivity have been measured. The incorporation of small amounts of nitrogen does not degrade the infrared transmission of the samples; the thermal conductivity measured at room temperature decreased only slightly from 20.5 to 18 W/(cm K).
Role of SIK1 in the transition of acute kidney injury into chronic kidney disease (2021)

Our study demonstrated, for the first time, a protective role of SIK1 in AKI-CKD transition by regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and its downstream transcription factor Twist1, which will provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment AKI-CKD transition in the future.
A critical assessment of the suitability of phosphite as a source of phosphorus (2009)

Abstract Marketing of phosphite‐containing preparations for foliar application, together with recent reports of positive yield responses, has revived the question as to whether phosphite (HPO $ _3^- $ ) is a suitable P source for plants. Two experiments using zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L. convar. giromontina ) have been conducted to evaluate the P‐nutritional effect of phosphite either provided via the substrate or as a foliar spray. Plants grown in a P‐deficient substrate were severely damaged when phosphite was applied as foliar fertiliser and more drastically when provided via the substrate. Growth of P‐deficient plants receiving phosphite as a foliar spray was impaired in a dose‐dependent manner after foliar P application (concentrations 0.0, 0.9, 2.7, and 4.5 g P L –1 ), while foliar provision of phosphate improved plant growth and yield. In the youngest leaves of phosphite‐treated plants, which had developed after foliar spray, phosphite accumulated to considerable extent, reaching a similar concentration as phosphate at tissue level. These results confirm that P‐deficient plants are very sensitive to phosphite, which represents a nutritionally ineffective form of P. It should thus not be considered as a form of P suitable for fertiliser manufacture.
Anti-Arrhythmic Properties of N-3 Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFA) (2007)

Omega-3 fatty acids (Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids or PUFA n-3) have been initially found to reduce plasma levels of triglycerides and to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein in patients with marked hypertriglyceridemia. However, in both bench research studies and clinical trials, omega-3 fatty acid intake has recently been associated with an anti-arrhythmic efficacy. At experimental level, n-3 PUFA administration produces several actions on ionic channels regulating transmembrane action potential. At clinical level, the most significant finding was the reduction in the incidence of sudden death in survivors of MI in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevention trial and the subsequent recommendation for administration of fish oil as part of the post-infarction regimen in European guidelines. More recently, Omega-3 fatty acids administration has been associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Contrasting results have been instead reported in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. This article reviews in detail the basic and clinical research studies of fish oil as an anti-arrhythmic entity, the types of arrhythmias that have been beneficially affected by fish oil administration, and the presumed and known mechanisms by which the beneficial actions are exerted.
Effect of Working Parameters on the Damage of Ladder Impact Drill (2012)

The step face of the large-scale ladder impact drill is easy to generate fracture damage. The unreasonable working parameters are an important factor for the fracture damage in addition to the irrational structure. In this paper, three working parameters consisting of drill impact height, impact frequency and impact stratum for damage are studied from two perspectives of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis.
Knee function classification: An overview of the Dempster-Shafer based classifier (2006)

Abstract—Two major obstacles to using motion analysis as an aid to clinical decision making are the subjectivity of data interpretation and the difficulty in comprehending large amounts of both corroborating and conflicting information. In response to these findings a diagnostic tool was developed that is capable of producing an automated and objective diagnosis from large amounts of motion analysis data. This paper gives an overview of the potential of this objective diagnostic tool for classifying osteoarthritic knee function and quantifying recovery following total knee replacement surgery based on motion analysis techniques. Keywords-knee function; classification; osteoarthritis; total knee replacement I.
Low-threshold periodic optical parametric oscillator (2002)

We have presented simulations of an periodic optical parametric oscillator (POPO) with two crystals which can down-convert diode or Ti:sapphire laser radiation at a threshold power as low as 105 mW. Further threshold reductions and efficiency improvements have been seen in simulations with N>2 and high transmission per period for all three fields.
Implementation of Unstructured Multi-dimensional THINC for Practical Multi-phase Simulations (2016)

This work presents an implementation of the Unstructured Multi-dimensional THINC (UMTHINC), volume of fluid, scheme for the multi-phase solution of free surface flow on unstructured mesh. This work investigates the applicability of the UMTHINC to practical engineering problems with interfacial multiphase flow. The UMTHINC is integrated into an in-house unstructured incompressible flow solver and used as an engine to capture the interface. The well-known dam break problem with and without an obstacle is used to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the scheme. This work is limited to two dimensional cases with no turbulence modeling. The solver is tested for some specific aspects: the gradient method used to evaluate the interface normal, the sharpness parameter (β), and CFL number. The results are well analyzed and compared experimental data. The results show the importance of accurate interface normal and its effect on mass conservation and stability of the solver.
A framework for business rule presentation (2002)

A business rule is a statement that defines or constrains some aspects of a business. There has been a growing interest in developing techniques to support the extraction of business rules buried in legacy systems. However, little has been done so far to help understand the semantics of extracted business rules. We propose a framework to support the comprehension of business rules extracted from legacy systems. The framework consists of two levels: a representation level and a presentation level. At the representation level, we proposed a language, BRL, to express business rules. We also perform logical inferences over the set of business rules at this level. This helps to recover some properties that may not be explicitly available from the extracted business rules, but are essential to their understanding by users. The presentation level, on the other hand, is concerned with how to convey the semantics of business rules to different users. We believe that the expressiveness and reasoning power of our proposed approach significantly improve previous techniques in helping users to comprehend extracted business rules.
The complete sequence of the chicken α-cardiac actin gene: a highly conserved vertebrate gene (1985)

We sequenced the entire chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene. A single intron was positioned 20 bp upstream from the initiation ATG codon in the 5' non-coding region while the coding region was interrupted by 5 introns at amino acid positions 41/42, 150, 204, 267, and 327/328. Sequencing allowed the first comparison of the alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin transcriptional promoters. These highly G+C rich promoters share two regions of homology which are found at position -134 (10 bp) and -296 (12 bp) in the alpha-cardiac actin promoter. A smaller 9 bp motif (CCGCGCCGG) homologous to the -134 sequence was detected before, between and after the TATA and CAAT boxes of the alpha-cardiac actin gene. The polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) was located 156 bp downstream from the translation termination codon. The complete length of the alpha-cardiac actin mRNA excluding the poly A tail is 1370 nucleotides. The 3' noncoding transcribed portion of the chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene was found to be extraordinarily conserved when compared to the human and rat alpha-cardiac actin mRNA sequences.
Effect of complexing agents on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C prepared by sol-gel method (2012)

LiFePO4/C is synthesized via sol-gel method using Fe3+ as iron sources and different complexing agents, followed by sintering at high temperature for crystallization. The amount of carbon in these composites is less than 6.8 wt.%, and the X-ray diffraction experiment confirms that all samples are pure single phase indexed with the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The particle size of the LiFePO4/C synthesized by acetic acid as a complexing agent is very fine with a size of 200 nm. The electrochemical performance of this material, including reversible capacity, cycle number, and charge-discharge characteristics, is better than those of LiFePO4/C synthesized by other complexing agents. The cell of this sample can deliver a discharge capacity of 161.1 mAh g-1 at the first cycle. After 30 cycles, the capacity decreases to 157.5 mAh g-1, and the capacity fading rate is 2.2%. The mechanism is studied to explain the effect of a complexing agent on the synthesis of LiFePO4/C by sol-gel method. The results show that the complexing agent with a low stability constant may be proper for the synthetic process of LiFePO4/C via sol-gel method.
Time-varying feedback matrices in feedback delay networks and their application in artificial reverberation (2015)

This paper introduces a time-variant reverberation algorithm as an extension of the feedback delay network (FDN). By modulating the feedback matrix nearly continuously over time, a complex pattern of concurrent amplitude modulations of the feedback paths evolves. Due to its complexity, the modulation produces less likely perceivable artifacts and the time-variation helps to increase the liveliness of the reverberation tail. A listening test, which has been conducted, confirms that the perceived quality of the reverberation tail can be enhanced by the feedback matrix modulation. In contrast to the prior art time-varying allpass FDNs, it is shown that unitary feedback matrix modulation is guaranteed to be stable. Analytical constraints on the pole locations of the FDN help to describe the modulation effect in depth. Further, techniques and conditions for continuous feedback matrix modulation are presented.
Multi-level converters: a real solution to high voltage drives? (1997)

Multi-level converters are a small family of inverter circuit topologies whose final output voltage is made up by stepping through several intermediate voltage levels. Each of these topologies has a different mechanism for providing the voltage levels, and switching them to the output. The three main circuits are: the isolated H bridge circuit; the flying capacitor circuit; and the diode clamped circuit. This paper reviews these three topologies for use in high voltage high power variable speed AC motor drive. (5 pages)
Calcium Condensed LABL-TAT Complexes Effectively Target Gene Delivery to ICAM-1 Expressing Cells (2011)

Targeted gene delivery using nonviral vectors is a highly touted scheme to reduce the potential for toxic or immunological side effects by reducing dose. In previous reports, TAT polyplexes with DNA have shown relatively poor gene delivery. The transfection efficiency has been enhanced by condensing TAT/DNA complexes to a small particle size using calcium. To explore the targetability of these condensed TAT complexes, LABL peptide targeting intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was conjugated to TAT peptide using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. PEGylation reduced the transfection efficiency of TAT, but TAT complexes targeting ICAM-1 expressing cells regained much of the lost transfection efficiency. Targeted block peptides properly formulated with calcium offer promise for gene delivery to ICAM-1 expressing cells at sites of injury or inflammation.
Role of oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of neonatal lung disease (2002)

Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant enzyme that has been shown in numerous basic and clinical studies to protect cells against oxidant injury.
Bose-Einstein condensates in a large-volume optical trap (2002)

Summary form only given. Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) are generally produced by evaporative cooling of laser cooled atomic samples in magnetic traps. Though magnetic traps are indispensable for the production of a BEC, they pose restrictions on the possible studies with a BEC. Previous experiments of our group have demonstrated that it is possible to trap a BEC in the circular focus of a far-detuned infrared laser beam. This first realization of an optical dipole trap (ODT) for BEC was used to prepare and investigate spinor condensates of Na atoms in the F=1 hyperfine manifold. However, the initial peak density in this ODT after loading from the magnetic trap reached 10/sup 15/ atoms/cm/sup 3/, leading to rapid losses due to three-body collisions. To realize an ODT capable of storing large condensates for a long time, we have used a laser beam with an elliptical beam profile. The optical trap is loaded by superimposing the light field onto the magnetic trap and then slowly turning off the magnetic fields. The transfer efficiency is close to 100%, and thus more than 10/sup 7/ Bose-condensed atoms can be loaded into the ODT.
Intrinsic Charge Transport on the Surface of Organic Semiconductors (2004)

The air-gap field-effect technique enabled realization of the intrinsic (not limited by static disorder) polaronic transport on the surface of rubrene (C42H28) crystals over a wide temperature range. The signatures of this intrinsic transport are the anisotropy of the carrier mobility, mu, and the growth of mu with cooling. Anisotropy of mu vanishes in the activation regime at low temperatures, where the transport is dominated by shallow traps. The deep traps, introduced by x-ray radiation, increase the field-effect threshold without affecting mu, an indication that the filled traps do not scatter polarons.
Array illuminator using grating couplers (1989)

An integrated-optical array illuminator is proposed, and the principle of generating multiple beamlets by using grating couplers is described. Preliminary experiments are performed to demonstrate the validity of the principle.
High-power CO/sub 2/ laser using Gauss-core resonator for 6-kW large-volume TEM/sub 00/ mode operation (1996)

A novel resonator based on a stable resonator configuration designed to yield a highly focusing beam operating in a large-volume TEM/sub 00/ is presented. An output coupler of the new stable resonator has a circular partial-reflection region in the center that is surrounded by an antireflection region. Main-beam mode is determined by the partial-reflection region existing in the "core" of the output coupler. A diffraction beam spread from the center of the optical path in the cavity is amplified by a laser medium. By combining part of the core beam transmitted from the partial-reflection region with the amplified diffraction beam under the phase-unified condition, a diffraction-limited laser beam having a large diameter is obtained. A 6.2-kW linearly polarized output beam with the M/sup 2/ factor of 1.7 is obtained experimentally for a high-power CW CO/sub 2/ laser. In laser-materials processing, we can cut 1:mm thin mild steel with a cutting speed as high as 64 m/min, at 5.9 kW.
A REVIEW ON IPOMOEA CARNEA: AN EXPLORATION (2017)

Ipomoea carnea commonly known as Besharam or Behaya tree belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. Plant is the native of America. Because of fast growing nature of Ipomoea carnea, it is widely distributed in India. If the pregnant animal (Got) eat this plant it was found that a lack of maternal infants bonding. Due to this nature, generally the plant called as Besharam / Behaya or Shameless. In this article we emphasize on control the uncontrolled propagation of Ipomoea carnea, and utilize as biogas with cow dunk cake, different Species of Ipomoea available in different part of India, phytoconstituent of Ipomoea carnea, responsible for his toxic nature like Swainsonine, and pharmacological, toxicological property of Ipomoea carnea , like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, etc.
Evaluation of human and non‐human primate antibody binding to pig cells lacking <scp>GGTA</scp>1/<scp>CMAH</scp>/β4Gal<scp>NT</scp>2 genes (2015)

Inactivation of the β4GalNT2 gene reduces human and non-human primate antibody binding resulting in diminished porcine xenoantigenicity. The increased humoral immunity of non-human primates toward GGTA1-/CMAH-deficient cells compared to pigs lacking either GGTA1 or GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 highlights the complexities of carbohydrate xenoantigens and suggests potential limitations of the non-human primate model for examining some genetic modifications. The progressive reduction of swine xenoantigens recognized by human immunoglobulin through inactivation of pig GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 genes demonstrates that the antibody barrier to xenotransplantation can be minimized by genetic engineering.