gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplements on Mutagen Excretion in Faeces and Urine in Humans (1992)

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported to have antimutagenic properties in vitro. In order to investigate whether Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements have antimutagenic effects in humans, 11 healthy subjects on a standardised diet consumed fried beef patties twice daily for 3 d. The diets were supplemented with ordinary Lactococcus fermented milk (phase 1) and thereafter with L. acidophilus fermented milk (phase 2), whereby the excretion of mutagenic activity was determined in urine and faeces. In both faeces and urine high levels of mutagenicity were detected during phase 1. There was an increase in lactobacilli in the intestinal microflora in seven of 11 subjects by the L. acidophilus supplement (phase 2), and the mutagenic activity in urine was 72 per cent lower on day 2 (P < 0.01) and 55 per cent lower on day 3 (P < 0.05) compared to days 2 and 3 in phase 1. The total faecal and urinary mutagen excretion on day 3 during phase 2 was 47 per cent lower compared to day 3, phase 1 (P<002). Thus, L. acidophilus given together with fried meat lowered mutagen excretion in humans.
Stationary‐phase swelling and its consequences in capillary gas‐liquid chromatography (1986)

Abstract Sample introduction using the solvent effect can lead to significant swelling of the stationary phase. The phenomenon has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The longitudinal profile of the swollen phase has been established. Swelling can affect the retention time of solutes, the shape of solute bands emerging from the inlet, and the maximum permissible sample size.
Loadable kernel modules (1999)

Unlike monolithic kernels that must be relinked, reinstalled, and rebooted after every code change, the Linux kernel uses loadable modules to simplify and shorten development time, make dynamic configuration easier, and save kernel memory. The paper considers how new code Linux modules can be added dynamically to the kernel at runtime.
Softening of Oilfield Produced Water by Ion Exchange for Alkaline Flooding and Steamflooding (1983)

ABSTRACT Oilfield "produced" waters usually contain high hardness, and high dissolved solids along with some alkalinity. The problem of disposing of these waters and the need for huge volumes of water for alkaline water flooding and steam generation for steam floods, necessitate the softening and reinjection of softened produced water. Water for alkaline and steam flooding needs to be softened to almost zero hardness to prevent plugging during injection and to prevent scaling on boiler tubes. Softening of high TDS and high hardness waters requires a very selective resin with high operating capacity such as a weak carboxylic acid-type ion exchange resin. Conventional softening with strong acid resins would not work under these conditions. This paper discusses the different processes in softening oilfield produced water. Data obtained in softening varieties of produced waters from different oilfields in California will be presented. Performance characteristics of weak cation exchange resins and their chemical regenerant requirements will also be discussed.
Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. (1998)

Insulin resistance is instrumental in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. While insulin resistance involves decreased glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle, its molecular basis is unknown. Since muscle GLUT4 glucose transporter levels are normal in type 2 diabetes, we have tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance is due to impaired translocation of intracellular GLUT4 to sarcolemma. Both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant nondiabetic subgroups were studied, in addition to type 2 diabetic patients. Biopsies were obtained from basal and insulin-stimulated muscle, and membranes were subfractionated on discontinuous sucrose density gradients to equilibrium or under nonequilibrium conditions after a shortened centrifugation time. In equilibrium fractions from basal muscle, GLUT4 was decreased by 25-29% in both 25 and 28% sucrose density fractions and increased twofold in both the 32% sucrose fraction and bottom pellet in diabetics compared with insulin-sensitive controls, without any differences in membrane markers (phospholemman, phosphalamban, dihydropyridine-binding complex alpha-1 subunit). Thus, insulin resistance was associated with redistribution of GLUT4 to denser membrane vesicles. No effects of insulin stimulation on GLUT4 localization were observed. In non-equilibrium fractions, insulin led to small GLUT4 decrements in the 25 and 28% sucrose fractions and increased GLUT4 in the 32% sucrose fraction by 2.8-fold over basal in insulin-sensitive but only by 1.5-fold in both insulin-resistant and diabetic subgroups. The GLUT4 increments in the 32% sucrose fraction were correlated with maximal in vivo glucose disposal rates (r = +0.51, P = 0.026), and, therefore, represented GLUT4 recruitment to sarcolemma or a quantitative marker for this process. Similar to GLUT4, the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (vp165) was redistributed to a dense membrane compartment and did not translocate in response to insulin in insulin-resistant subgroups. In conclusion, insulin alters the subcellular localization of GLUT4 vesicles in human muscle, and this effect is impaired equally in insulin-resistant subjects with and without diabetes. This translocation defect is associated with abnormal accumulation of GLUT4 in a dense membrane compartment demonstrable in basal muscle. We have previously observed a similar pattern of defects causing insulin resistance in human adipocytes. Based on these data, we propose that human insulin resistance involves a defect in GLUT4 traffic and targeting leading to accumulation in a dense membrane compartment from which insulin is unable to recruit GLUT4 to the cell surface.
Development of Nutritionally Defined and Compressed Foods (1975)

Survial and emergency food packets were developed for use by people isolated in adverse circumstances. These products are made from cereals suchasrice, barley and wheat, and from nutritionally defined products, such as glucose, sodium caseinate, powdered milk, hydrogenated vegetable fat and so on. The caloric distribution of the survial packet was adjusted to 55% carbohydrate, 33% fat, and 12% protein for maximum body water retention. The raw materials were mixed thoroughly and then compressed into bars at 4,000 psi (survial) and at 7,000 psi (emergency). Compressed bars of the emergency packets were coated with edible coatings for protection from insects and microorganisms and prevention of cracking. These products are 4.0-4.4 Cal. per gram and 4.2-4.9 Cal. per cubic centimeter. The texture of the bars makes them convenient to carry and eat.
Imaging of Germinal Center Selection Events During Affinity Maturation (2006)

The germinal center (GC) is an important site for the generation and selection of B cells bearing high-affinity antibodies, yet GC cell migration and interaction dynamics have not been directly observed. Using two-photon microscopy of mouse lymph nodes, we revealed that GC B cells are highly motile and extend long cell processes. They transited between GC dark and light zones and divided in both regions, although these B cells resided for only several hours in the light zone where antigen is displayed. GC B cells formed few stable contacts with GC T cells despite frequent encounters, and T cells were seen to carry dead B cell blebs. On the basis of these observations, we propose a model in which competition for T cell help plays a more dominant role in the selection of GC B cells than previously appreciated.
Factors affecting propagating fronts of addition polymerization: Velocity, front curvature, temperatue profile, conversion, and molecular weight distribution (1995)

Abstract Several properties of propagating fronts of addition polymerization were studied. A power function could be fit to the velocity dependence on initiator concentration, but not with the exponents predicted by current models or in agreement with other published work. Bubbles from the volatile by‐products of initiator decomposition were found to affect the front velocity and curvature. The front velocity for triethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymerization was found to depend linearly on temperature over a moderate range. The conversion of methacrylic acid in fronts varied greatly with initiator type and concentration. Benzoyl peroxide produced much lower conversion than t ‐butyl peroxide, but fronts with tBPO propagated slower. A dual initiator system of BPO and tBPO produced rapidly propagating fronts with good conversion but the contribution of each initiator to the velocity was not additive. The possibility of chain branching was considered. The apparent molecular weight distributions were very broad, often trimodal, and found to depend on initiator type and concentration as well as the tube diameter. The temperature profiles were measured and found to be very sharp for BPO and broader for tBPO but both had front temperatures in excess of 200°C, indicating a high ceiling temperature. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics of Electrophotographic Papers—Part 1 (1964)

The primary parameters of electrophotographic papers are surface charge, and the decay of this charge under both dark and illuminated ambient conditions. The inter-relationship of these parometers is of great practical signiftcance in machine design. It is suggested that the results from conventional static methods for their measurement can be misleading. Special equipment has been constructed for the examination of electrophotographic materials under dynamic conditions. Experimental results are presented together with an indication of their value in assessing the practical performance of electrophotographic papers and their influence in machine design.
VV-Net: Voxel VAE Net with Group Convolutions for Point Cloud Segmentation (2018)

We present a novel algorithm for point cloud segmentation. Our approach transforms unstructured point clouds into regular voxel grids, and further uses a kernel-based interpolated variational autoencoder (VAE) architecture to encode the local geometry within each voxel. Traditionally, the voxel representation only comprises Boolean occupancy information which fails to capture the sparsely distributed points within voxels in a compact manner. In order to handle sparse distributions of points, we further employ radial basis functions (RBF) to compute a local, continuous representation within each voxel. Our approach results in a good volumetric representation that effectively tackles noisy point cloud datasets and is more robust for learning. Moreover, we further introduce group equivariant CNN to 3D, by defining the convolution operator on a symmetry group acting on $\mathbb{Z}^3$ and its isomorphic sets. This improves the expressive capacity without increasing parameters, leading to more robust segmentation results. We highlight the performance on standard benchmarks and show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms on the ShapeNet and S3DIS datasets.
Superconductivity of Sodium Tungsten Bronzes (1964)

Received 1 December 1964DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.746©1964 American Physical Society
Evidence of Graphitic AB Stacking Order of Graphite Oxides (2008)

Graphite oxide (GO) samples were prepared by a simplified Brodie method. Hydroxyl, epoxide, carboxyl, and some alkyl functional groups are present in the GO, as identified by solid-state 13C NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Starting with pyrolytic graphite (interlayer separation 3.36 A), the average interlayer distance after 1 h of reaction, as determined by X-ray diffraction, increased to 5.62 A and then increased with further oxidation to 7.37 A after 24 h. A smaller signal in 13C CPMAS NMR compared to that in 13C NMR suggests that carboxyl and alkyl groups are at the edges of the flakes of graphite oxide. Other aspects of the chemical bonding were assessed from the NMR and XPS data and are discussed. AB stacking of the layers in the GO was inferred from an electron diffraction study. The elemental composition of GO prepared using this simplified Brodie method is further discussed.
ON THE NATURE OF THE TOXIC COMPONENT OF THE SOMATIC ANTIGEN OF SHIGELLA PARADYSENTERIAE TYPE Z (FLEXNER) (1950)

From the chemical evidence presented it appears that the toxicity associated with the somatic antigen of Type Z Sh. paradysenteriae may be attributed to an entity distinct from the known components of the complex. That this substance is neither the protein, the lipid, nor the carbohydrate component of the antigen is evident. Because of its lability to chemical manipulation, the nature of the toxic component, has not yet been ascertained.
Solid-state tunable lasers based on dye-doped sol-gel materials (1990)

The sol-gel process is a solution synthesis technique which provides a low temperature chemical route for the preparation of rigid transparent matrix materials. The luminescent organic dye molecules, rhodamine 6G and coumarin 540A have been incorporated, via the sol-gel method, into aluminosilicate and organically modified silicate host matrices. Synthesis, laser oscillation and photostability for these systems are reported. The improved photostability of these materials with respect to comparable polymeric host materials is discussed.
Immunization in vitro and production of monoclonal antibodies specific to insoluble and weakly immunogenic proteins. (1984)

A procedure is described for immunizing in vitro and stimulating proliferation of specific B-cell lymphocytes. The method is applicable to production of monoclonal antibodies against proteins that are soluble only in denaturing solvents. An induction period is described in which antigen is presented to the B-cell population in the absence of serum. Also, antigen is coupled to mitogenic silica, which allows the effective presentation of both soluble and insoluble antigens. The results indicate hybridomas can be obtained that secrete IgMs directed against highly conserved or weakly immunogenic antigens.
Human Erythrocyte Antigens (1987)

Human erythrocyte membrane proteins express antigens which serve as markers for erythroid differentiation as well as targets for human blood group alloantibodies. We have produced and characterized a new panel of five monoclonal antibodies to erythrocyte membrane proteins. Three monoclonal antibodies (E3, E4, E5) were specific for erythrocyte glycophorins. One antibody (E3) identified the sialoglycoprotein α and β homologous regions proximal to the plasma membrane, a second antibody (E4) was specific for sialoglycoprotein a, while a third (E5) was a sialogylcoprotein-β-specific antibody. Two antibodies (E6 and TE10) to the 65,000-dalton Chymotrypsin cleavage product of band 3 were also produced. These antibodies constitute a new panel of probes for investigation of normal erythroid differentiation, erythroleukemia, and the expression of normal and anomalous blood group antigens.
Gasdynamic lasers (1970)

It is not enough to depend upon diffusivity to dissipate the heat from a gas laser. Under the circumstances, average power outputs are too limited. By generating flow within the gas and deriving the benefits of forced convection, performance is improved. But if flow can be used to improve power outputs, it also can be used to advance a step further and generate the conditions that are necessary for lasing action-thereby creating a gasdynamic laser. This article covers the theory behind such a device and describes an experimental unit that has proved the merit of the concept.
Multiple PIP<sub>2</sub> binding sites in Kir2.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels (2001)

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels require binding of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) for channel activity. Three independent sites (aa 175-206, aa 207-246, aa 324-365) were located in the C-terminal domain of Kir2.1 channels by assaying the binding of overlapping fragments to PIP2 containing liposomes. Mutations in the first site, which abolished channel activity, reduced PIP2 binding of this fragment but not of the complete C-terminus. Point mutations in the third site also reduced both, channel activity and PIP2 binding of this segment. The relevance of the third PIP2 binding site provides a basis for the understanding of constitutively active Kir2 channels.
Albert Aurier and symbolism: from suggestion to synthesis in French art (1995)

The epithelioid cell histiocytoma (ECH) is a polypoidal benign tumor of superficial connective tissue that is often diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. ECHs are speculated to originate from dermal dendritic subunits and are composed of 2 primary cell populations, ie, CD34+ primitive fibroblastic dendrocytes and factor XIIIa+ histiocytes. Although dendritic subunits are distributed throughout most collagenous tissues inclusive of oral mucosa, to date, all reported cases of ECH have been cutaneous lesions. ECHs' putative pathogenesis entails activation of CD34+ "sentinel" reserve dendrocytes, followed by an influx of histiocytes and mast cells. Juxtacrine communication increases release of wound healing factors; suggesting a reactive etiologic component. In this current case, the location (ventral tongue) and history (recent increase in size) suggest the possibility that trauma could have initiated the dendritic subunit "wound healing" cascade. Consistent with its benign course, the ECH is managed by local excision, and has an excellent prognosis.
A Secure Method of Pseudonymous Mail Retrieval (2005)

We describe the Pynchon Gate, a practical pseudonymous message retrieval system. Our design uses a simple distributedtrust private information retrieval protocol to prevent adversaries from linking recipients to their pseudonyms, even when some of the infrastructure has been compromised. This approach resists global trac analysis significantly better than existing deployed pseudonymous email solutions, at the cost of additional bandwidth. We examine security concerns raised by our model, and propose solutions.
Component-based development of adaptive user interfaces (2019)

Modern User Interfaces (UIs) are increasingly expected to be plastic in the sense that they retain a constant level of usability, even when subjected to context changes at runtime. Adaptive UIs (AUIs) have been promoted as a solution for context variability due to their ability to automatically adapt to the context-of-use at runtime. However, development of AUIs is a complex task as different aspects such as context monitoring and UI adaptation have to be supported. In previous work, model-driven engineering approaches were proposed to support the development of AUIs in a systematic and efficient manner. However, existing model-driven development approaches for AUIs face challenges regarding flexibility, reusability, and compatibility to de facto standard UI frameworks like Angular, which hinder their industry-wide usage and adoption in practice. To address this problem and explore an alternative approach, we propose a component-based development framework for AUIs (CoBAUI). CoBAUI defines a modular framework for supporting the development of AUIs and consists of various components to cover aspects like context monitoring and UI adaptation at widget level. The CoBAUI framework was implemented based on Angular and aims to support the development of AUIs through highly reusable and flexible components. We demonstrate the benefit of our CoBAUI framework based on a case study of an AUI for a library web application.
Comparative in vitro activity of REP3123 against Clostridium difficile and other anaerobic intestinal bacteria (2009)

REP3123 demonstrated good potency against C. difficile, but limited activity against many other intestinal anaerobic species, thus, in theory, maintaining the colonization resistance barrier.
Cholinergic atrial fibrillation: IK,ACh gradients determine unequal left/right atrial frequencies and rotor dynamics (2003)

A greater abundance of Kir3.x channels and higher I(K,ACh) density in LA than RA myocytes result in greater ACh-induced speeding-up of rotors in the LA than in the RA, which explains the ACh dose-dependent changes in overall AF frequency and wavelet formation.
Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity and Contact Sensitivity After Cutaneous <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> Infection (1980)

The histopathology of cutaneous lesions and trichophytin skin test responses was examined by light microscopy after the infection of strain 2 guinea pigs with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Skin biopsies were fixed and stained with procedures which allowed differentiation of the polymorphonuclear granulocytic leukocytes that were present in lesions or skin test reactions. Basophils comprised about one-third of the leukocytes infiltrating the 24 to 48-h trichophytin skin test reactions of guinea pigs sensitized by a cutaneous T. mentagrophytes infection. These results were comparable to the percentage of basophils counted in skin test lesions elicited by the contact agent dinitrochlorobenzene and are consistent with previously published descriptions of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. In contrast, the active T. mentagrophytes lesion in the skin of guinea pigs sacrificed at defined intervals after infection or reinfection did not appear to contain similarly elevated numbers of basophils. The early inflammation in primary T. mentagrophytes-induced skin lesions can be characterized histologically as a primary irritant dermatitis which evolves, during the course of the disease, into a chronic mononuclear inflammation. This shift apparently results from host sensitization to fungal antigens during infection and the concurrent development of acquired immunity. Reinfection of guinea pigs with T. mentagrophytes resulted in an accelerated cutaneous inflammation that was temporally and histologically similar to allergic contact dermatitis. These results support the hypothesis that contact sensitivity to T. mentagrophytes develops during the primary cutaneous infection of guinea pigs and is an early component of the hypersensitivity response to reinfection.
Early and late functions in a bipartite RNA virus: evidence for translational control by competition between viral mRNAs (1984)

It has been shown previously that Drosophila cells infected with black beetle virus synthesize an early viral protein, protein A, a putative element of the viral RNA polymerase. Synthesis of protein A declines sharply by 6 h postinfection, whereas synthesis of viral coat protein alpha continues for at least 14 h. The early shutoff in protein A synthesis occurred despite the presence of equimolar proportions of the mRNAs for proteins A and alpha, RNAs 1 and 2, respectively. We have now been able to mimic this translational discrimination in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system prepared from infected or uninfected Drosophila cells, thus allowing further analysis of the mechanism by which translation of RNA 1 is selectively turned off. The results revealed no evidence for control by virus-encoded proteins or by virus-induced modification of mRNAs by the cell-free system. Rather, with increasing RNA concentration, viral RNA 1 was outcompeted by its genomic partner, RNA 2. This suggests that the early shutoff in intracellular synthesis of protein A is due to decreasing ability of RNA 1 to compete for a rate-controlling translational factor(s) as the concentration of viral RNAs accumulates within the infected cell.