gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sanitizing using metadata in MetaXQuery (2005)

Metadata plays an important role in describing and proscribing data in both traditional and XML applications. In this paper, we present an extension of the XML data model and XQuery query language to certify the reachability of data and to sanitize data with the existence of metadata, especially proscriptive metadata. The data model extension is called MetaDOM, and the query language is called MetaXQuery. This paper describes a certify function to check if the metadata in the data model is correctly embedded, in other words, whether all of the data nodes are reachable from the root. It also describes a sanitize function that automatically corrects the data model if it is invalid. The sanitize function can also be used to generate a view of the data from a specific metadata perspective.
Advances in mass spectrometry-based technologies to direct personalized medicine in ovarian cancer (2013)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy in North America and remains one of the most difficult cancers to manage. Although the 5-year survival rates are high when the disease is diagnosed early, this decreases exponentially in late-stage diagnoses and due to the current lack of screening methods, ovarian cancer is often diagnosed in its later stages when the cancer has progressed considerably. To exacerbate this, ovarian cancer patients almost always experience recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy after an initial positive response to treatment. Clearly, new modalities of clinical management are needed for this deadly disease. With the recent advent of high-throughput proteomic technologies, there have been numerous efforts to profile ovarian cancer using mass spectrometry to identify novel biomarkers for various clinical applications including diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic targets, and monitoring therapeutic response. Identifying such novel biomarkers would allow for better tailoring of disease prevention and treatment on an individual basis in order to improve patient outcome. Unfortunately, traditional bottom-up proteomics have not yielded any markers able to pass stringent clinical validation. As a result, many alternative strategies have recently emerged where mass spectrometry is employed in a complementary fashion to traditional shotgun proteomics. In this review, we will examine such complementary mass spectrometry-based biomarker discovery efforts with a focus on early diagnostic markers and markers of chemoresistance.
Bottom up deposition of advanced iPVD Cu process integrated with iPVD Ti and CVD Ru (2010)

We describe a novel development of bottom up deposition in the advanced Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition (iPVD) Cu process integrated with iPVD Ti and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Ru. Combination of CVD Ru and iPVD Cu processes provided us void free Cu filling with enlarging Cu grain size. CVD Ru film had superior wettability to Cu without alloy formation. Cu deposition thickness on field area was controlled by adjusting both Cu- and Ar-ion amount. Then Cu migrated on side wall surface toward trench bottom by Ar-ion bombardment and thermal energy avoiding the risk of pinch-off. Cu grain size inside trench was larger than conventional plated Cu. In addition, electrical performance indicated lower wiring resistivity with iPVD Cu filling using CVD Ru liner.
The Meeting of Acquaintances: A Cost-Efficient Authentication Scheme for Light-Weight Objects with Transient Trust Level and Plurality Approach (2019)

Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of distributed sensor nodes so that potential risks are becoming more and more unpredictable. The new entrants pose the potential risks when they move into the secure zone. To build a door wall that provides safety and security for the system, many recent research works applied the initial authentication process. However, the majority of the previous articles only focused on the Central Authority (CA) since this leads to an increase in the computation cost and energy consumption for the specific cases on the Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, in this article, we will lessen the importance of these third parties through proposing an enhanced authentication mechanism that includes key management and evaluation based on the past interactions to assist the objects joining a secured area without any nearby CA. We refer to a mobility dataset from CRAWDAD collected at the University Politehnica of Bucharest and rebuilt into a new random dataset larger than the old one. The new one is an input for a simulated authenticating algorithm to observe the communication cost and resource usage of devices. Our proposal helps the authenticating to be flexible, being strict with unknown devices into the secured zone. The threshold of maximum friends can modify based on the optimization of the symmetric-key algorithm to diminish communication costs (our experimental results compared to previous schemes less than 2000 bits) and raise flexibility in resource-constrained environments.
Public Health Impacts of Foodborne Mycotoxins (2014)

Mycotoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by fungi that colonize food crops. The most agriculturally important mycotoxins known today are aflatoxins, which cause liver cancer and have also been implicated in child growth impairment and acute toxicoses; fumonisins, which have been associated with esophageal cancer (EC) and neural tube defects (NTDs); deoxynivalenol (DON) and other trichothecenes, which are immunotoxic and cause gastroenteritis; and ochratoxin A (OTA), which has been associated with renal diseases. This review describes the adverse human health impacts associated with these major groups of mycotoxins. First, we provide background on the fungi that produce these different mycotoxins and on the food crops commonly infected. Then, we describe each group of mycotoxins in greater detail, as well as the adverse effects associated with each mycotoxin and the populations worldwide at risk. We conclude with a brief discussion on estimations of global burden of disease caused by dietary mycotoxin exposure.
A multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging, randomized, placebo-controlled study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Radiologic progression and correlation of genant and larsen scores (2000)

IL-1Ra reduced radiologic progression of RA. Scores by the 2 methods correlated strongly for each individual time point, but much less strongly for assessments of disease progression.
New method for intellectual content driven generic product model generation (2014)

Strong demand for definition of multidisciplinary products in virtual engineering environments enforced development of product models towards higher level of abstraction in product lifecycle management (PLM) systems. In order to achieve this, the requirement, functional, logical, and physical (RFLP) structure was included in leading industrial product models. Modeling of product in RFLP structure extended product related problem solving by systems engineering (SE) methodology. This change was grounded by the application of active knowledge (AK) features in feature driven product models. Modeling by AK features established knowledge control at the generation of product component and structure (PCS) features. In this changed scenario, new challenge is development of knowledge driven procedures for the generation of RFLP structure elements. Current leading PLM systems provide dialogues for RFLP element definition and means for including procedures and knowledge for the generation of these elements. Knowledge is product, company, project, and engineer specific and constitutes intellectual property (IP) at companies. Consequently, it should be defined at application environment. The Laboratory of Intelligent Engineering Systems (LIES) joined to the research in abstraction concepts and RFLP element generation methods and widely published the results. This paper introduces a new method for the knowledge communication between human definition and generation of R, F, L, and P elements. This method is based on an abstraction concept which was developed and published at the LIES. It applies the new initiative, behavior, context, and action (IBCA) structure in order to realize a new abstraction which allows for development of knowledge representation of procedures for RFLP element generation. IBCA structure elements and their connections fill the gap between engineer requirement and associated knowledge definition and elements of RFLP structure.
Intercultural Communicative Language Teaching in China: Highlight or Addendum? (2019)

AbstractInternational students were frequently reported of culture shock issues when entering a new cultural environment. Cultural knowledge was often treated as an addendum which focused on learning facts about the target country. This article demonstrated culture shock that experienced by 7 international students, and also reviewed intercultural communicative language teaching (ICLT) in Indonesian language classrooms practiced by 6 language practitioners from 3 different universities in China. Using findings that emerged from a series of one-to-one interviews, the research explored practitioners’ current perspective of ICLT and how these understandings influenced their practices, including teaching materials, methods, and activities. The researcher discussed the possible causes of the status quo of ICLT in China, and went on to put forward suggestions that ICLT should be promoted in foreign language teaching as a successful mediator of intercultural dimension.AbstrakMahasiswa internasional sering dilaporkan tentang masalah kejutan budaya ketika memasuki lingkungan budaya baru. Pengetahuan budaya sering diperlakukan sebagai tambahan yang berfokus pada mempelajari fakta tentang negara sasaran. Artikel ini menunjukkan kejutan budaya yang dialami oleh 7 siswa internasional, dan juga mengulas pengajaran bahasa komunikatif antarbudaya (ICLT) di ruang kelas bahasa Indonesia yang dipraktikkan oleh 6 praktisi bahasa dari 3 universitas berbeda di Tiongkok. Menggunakan temuan yang muncul dari serangkaian wawancara satu-ke-satu, penelitian mengeksplorasi perspektif praktisi saat ini tentang ICLT dan bagaimana pemahaman ini mempengaruhi praktik mereka, termasuk bahan ajar, metode, dan kegiatan. Peneliti membahas kemungkinan penyebab status quo ICLT di Cina, dan kemudian mengajukan saran bahwa ICLT harus dipromosikan dalam pengajaran bahasa asing sebagai mediator sukses dimensi lintas budaya. How to Cite :, Wang, Q., Syihabuddin., Mulyati, Y., Damaianti, V. S. (2018). Intercultural Communicative Language Teaching in China: Highlight or Addendum?. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 155-165. doi:10.15408/tjems.v5i2.9732.
A multi-sensor induction flowmeter reducing errors due to non-axisymmetric flow profiles (1996)

The measurement of volume or mass flow through pipes is generally - with almost all types of flowmeters - affected by the flow profile, that is the distribution of fluid velocity over the pipe cross section. To ensure a well-defined flow profile, the flowmeter must be placed sufficiently distant from distorting installations like bends or valves, which increases the installation cost or is even impossible in many applications. With induction flowmeters, the accuracy is independent of the flow profile in the radial direction, but it is influenced by profiles deviating from axial symmetry. In this paper, a novel method for reducing this error is discussed. The method is based on tomographic principles using multiple electrode pairs and two magnetic field components. The pertinent theory is developed, and experimental results are presented.
<i>mre11S</i>—a yeast mutation that blocks double-strand-break processing and permits nonhomologous synapsis in meiosis (1997)

During meiotic prophase the repair of self-inflicted DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage leads to meiotic recombination in yeast. We employed a genetic screen to specifically characterize cellular functions that become essential after this DSB formation. As a result a new allele of MRE11, termed mre11S (for Separation of functions) was isolated that allows initiation but not processing and repair of meiotic DSBs similar to the well-characterized rad50S allele. In contrast, the mre11-1 allele blocks initiation of meiotic DSBs as reported previously by others. The mre11S allele, which is mutated in the 5' part of the gene, can partially complement mre11 alleles disrupted close to the 3' end that cannot initiate DSBs when homozygous. This suggests homodimerization of the Mre11 protein and the presence of separate domains for DSB initiation and 5' resection. The fact that two genes, RAD50 and MRE11, required for DSB processing are also essential for DSB initiation dictates a model in which a bifunctional initiation/repair complex is required to initiate meiotic recombination. A subset of mre11S nuclei was shown to perform extensive but partially nonhomologous synapsis. We propose that the unprocessed DSBs present in mre11S allow for synapsis, but that homologous synapsis is only ensured at a later stage of recombination.
Communications: Single-sideband transmission for land mobile radio: From seven to ten times as many channels could be made available in existing VHF and UHF bands (1978)

It is suggested that from seven to ten times as many channels could be made available in existing VHF and UHF bands. FM, AM, and SSB modulation techniques combined with syllabic amplitude and frequency compandors are compared. In the 15- to 30-dB signal-to-noise ratios-the amplitude-compandored SSB system and the amplitude- and frequency-compandored SSB system provide the same or better quality reception than FM systems that have comparable transmitter power. Three to five channels of the narrow-band system can be used between the channels of the 25-kHz spaced FM channels without unacceptable interference on either system. Ten narrow-band channels can operate in the 25-kHz bandwidth if there are no FM channels present.
Sequence‐similar, structure‐dissimilar protein pairs in the PDB (2007)

It is often assumed that in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), two proteins with similar sequences will also have similar structures. Accordingly, it has proved useful to develop subsets of the PDB from which "redundant" structures have been removed, based on a sequence-based criterion for similarity. Similarly, when predicting protein structure using homology modeling, if a template structure for modeling a target sequence is selected by sequence alone, this implicitly assumes that all sequence-similar templates are equivalent. Here, we show that this assumption is often not correct and that standard approaches to create subsets of the PDB can lead to the loss of structurally and functionally important information. We have carried out sequence-based structural superpositions and geometry-based structural alignments of a large number of protein pairs to determine the extent to which sequence similarity ensures structural similarity. We find many examples where two proteins that are similar in sequence have structures that differ significantly from one another. The source of the structural differences usually has a functional basis. The number of such proteins pairs that are identified and the magnitude of the dissimilarity depend on the approach that is used to calculate the differences; in particular sequence-based structure superpositioning will identify a larger number of structurally dissimilar pairs than geometry-based structural alignments. When two sequences can be aligned in a statistically meaningful way, sequence-based structural superpositioning provides a meaningful measure of structural differences. This approach and geometry-based structure alignments reveal somewhat different information and one or the other might be preferable in a given application. Our results suggest that in some cases, notably homology modeling, the common use of nonredundant datasets, culled from the PDB based on sequence, may mask important structural and functional information. We have established a data base of sequence-similar, structurally dissimilar protein pairs that will help address this problem (http://luna.bioc.columbia.edu/rachel/seqsimstrdiff.htm).
Wave-form optimization for a 60 MA Z-pinch driver (2002)

A new Z-pinch driver is being planned by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) that will provide up to 16 MJ of X-ray radiation. Two load designs are being considered. One is a double Z-pinch configuration, with each load providing 7 MJ radiation. The other is a single Z-pinch configuration that produces 16 MJ. Both configurations require 100 to 120 ns implosion times, and radiation pulse widths of less than 10 ns. These requirements translate into two 40 MA drivers for the double-sided load, and a 60 MA driver for the single-load configuration. The design philosophy for this machine is to work from the load out. Radiation requirements determine the current, pulsewidth, and load-inductance requirements. These parameters set the drive wave-form and insulator voltage, which in turn determine the insulator-stack design. The goal is to choose a drive wave-form that meets the load requirements while optimizing efficiency and minimizing breakdown risk.
A comparison of arteries and veins in oxidative stress: producers, destroyers, function, and disease. (2007)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of oxygen metabolism, normally present in low levels inside cells, where they participate in signaling processes. The delicate balance in the continuous cycle of ROS generation and inactivation is maintained by enzymatic and nonenzymatic endogenous systems. Overwhelming production of ROS (by such sources as the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or uncoupled nitric oxide synthase), when inadequately counteracted by destruction through antioxidant systems (such as superoxide dismutase or catalase), leads to a prooxidant state also known as oxidative stress. Increased levels of ROS and markers of oxidative stress have been consistently found in such cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis or hypertension, although controversy still exists over the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in these conditions. ROS can modulate vascular function either by direct oxidative damage or by activating cellular signaling pathways that lead to abnormal contractile, inflammatory, proliferative, or remodeling properties of the blood vessel. Most current research focuses on these processes in arteries, leaving veins, "the other side" of vascular biology, in obscurity. Veins are different structurally and functionally from arteries. Equipped with a smaller smooth muscle layer compared to arteries, but being able to accommodate 70% of the circulating blood volume, veins can modulate cardiovascular homeostasis and contribute significantly to hypertension pathogenesis. Although the reports on the quantitative differences in ROS production in veins compared to arteries had conflicting results, there is a clear qualitative difference in ROS metabolism and utilization between the two vessel types. This review will compare and contrast the current knowledge of ROS metabolism in arteries versus veins in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases would greatly benefit from a more thorough exploration of the role of veins and venous oxidative stress.
Adhesion and Proliferation Behavior of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells on Hesperidin/PLGA Films (2014)

망막색소상피(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)는 시기능을 유지하는데 중요한 역할을 하여 RPE의 퇴화는 여러 망막변성질병을 유발한다. 현재 이에 대한 효과적인 치료법이 부족하여 세포 이식에 적합한 지지체를 제작하기 위해, 생분해성 고분자인 PLGA와 항염증, 항산화 작용 등의 기능이 있는 헤스페리딘을 이용하여 하이브리드 필름을 제조하였다. ARPE-19를 파종한 후, MTT 분석법을 이용하여 세포 증식률을 확인하고, 세포의 부착 및 세포 형태를 SEM을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 RPE 세포의 특이적 유전자 발현정도를 확인하기 위하여 RT-PCR을 수행하였고, RPE65의 발현을 확인하기 위해 AEC 면역화학적 염색을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 헤스페리딘/PLGA 필름은 PLGA보다 RPE 세포의 부착, 증식 및 표현형 유지가 우수함을 확인하였고, 이를 통해 헤스페리딘/PLGA 필름의 망막재생을 위한 조직공학적 담체로써 응용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in maintaining the visual function and the degeneration of the RPE causes several retinal degeneration disease. In order to fabricate the suitable carrier for RPE transplantation, the hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) film with hesperidin was prepared. Hesperidin has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. ARPE-19 was seeded on hesperidin/PLGA film and then, cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, and cell adhesion and cell morphology were confirmed by SEM. Also, RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression of the specific genes, and AEC immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of RPE65. As a result, we confirmed that attachment, proliferation and phenotype maintenance of RPE cells were more excellent on hesperidin/PLGA film than PLGA film, thereby we were able to confirm the potential applications of hesperidin/PLGA film as tissue engineering carrier for regeneration of retina.
Section Review: Pulmonary-Allergy, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal & Arthritis: Development of NSAIDs with reduced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity (1995)

While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs remain among the most widely used medications, their use continues to be associated with significant toxicity, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney. As more is learned about the pathogenesis of these adverse effects, several strategies have been taken to develop NSAIDs that are less toxic. Many such strategies have failed to have significant impact on the frequency and/or severity of NSAID-related adverse effects. However, recently, two new approaches have been taken which show great promise. Selective inhibitors of the inducible isoform of prostaglandin synthase are reported to spare the gastrointestinal tract. As we know little about the possible physiological role of this isoform of prostaglandin synthase, there are some concerns about the true potential for these compounds. A second approach is the linking of standard NSAIDs to a nitric oxide-releasing moiety. Studies in experimental models are extremely encouraging, demonstrating that these compounds retain the desired effects of the NSAID, but do not produce injury in the gastrointestinal tract or kidney.
Impact of Polyphenols and Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Sources on Gut Microbiota Composition (2013)

Gut microbiota plays a key role in host physiology and metabolism. Indeed, the relevance of a well-balanced gut microbiota composition to an individual's health status is essential for the person's well-being. Currently, investigations are focused on analyzing the effects of pre- and probiotics as new therapeutic tools to counteract the disruption of intestinal bacterial balance occurring in several diseases. Polyphenols exert a wide range of beneficial health effects. However, although specific attention has been paid in recent years to the function of this "biological entity" in the metabolism of polyphenols, less is known about the modulatory capacity of these bioactive compounds on gut microbiota composition. This review provides an overview of the latest investigations carried out with pure polyphenols, extracts rich in polyphenols, and polyphenol-rich dietary sources (such as cocoa, tea, wine, soy products, and fruits) and critically discusses the consequences to gut microbiota composition which are produced.