gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
360-degree screen-free floating 3D image in a crystal ball using a spatially imaged iris and rotational multiview DFD technologies (2017)

A rotational multiview depth-fused 3D (DFD) display and 360-deg displaying optics using a spatially imaged iris method are proposed to realize a 360-deg 3D image. This method enables displaying clear floating images in a crystal ball. Its symmetric optics provide clear and natural 360-deg images with smooth motion parallax in horizontal and vertical directions using the directional selectivity of a spatially imaged iris method and natural 3D images of a rotational multiview DFD display.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLES, CCVIII. THE CHEMISTRY OF VICINAL TRIKETONES, XI. RING CONTRACTIONS OF QUINOLINETRIONES (1979)

Abstract Reaktion der Triketone (I) mit 2‐Aminopyridin (II) führt nicht wie angenommen zur Schiffschen Base, sondern über Ringverengung zu den S‐piroindo1onen(III), die zu den Ketonen (IV) hydrolysiert werden.
Evidence for the expression of human tumor-specific antigens associated with beta2-microglobulin in human cancer and in some colon adenomas and benign breast lesions. (1979)

The blocking tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was used to monitor the purification of human tumorspecific antigens (TSA's) from colon and breast cancer and malignant melanoma. The tumor antigens were specific for the organ from which the cancer arose and the histopathology of the cells of origin. Immunochemical studies revealed that TSA could be water solubilized from cancer cell membranes by limited papain digestion, and on Sephadex G-150 chromatography the majority of the TSA eluted in the molecular-weight range of 70,000 to 150,000. Affinity chromatography with anti-human β2-microglobulin (β2m) antiserum indicated that the TSA's, like HLA molecules, contain a β2m subunit. The specificity of binding of the TSA to the anti-β2m immunoadsorbent affinity column and the immunologically specific abrogation of LAI activity were shown. Some patients with either colon adenomas or benign breast disease showed LAI activity to phosphate-buffered saline extracts of colon and breast cancer, respectively, but did not react to extracts of normal colon mucosa or breast tissue. Moreover, the LAI-reactive leukocytes were blocked by the papain-soluble TSA's from colon and breast cancer, respectively, purified by anti-β2m affinity chromatography. The present studies suggest that some “benign” lesions express TSA's before the appearance of morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known, however, if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In addition, the present studies indicate that the putative TSA's of cancers of different organs are similar in subunit structure, size, and genetic linkage and have some unexplained relationship to organ definition.
Application of Sparse Matrix Techniques in Reservoir Simulation (1973)

This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract The matrices arising in reservoir simulation are sparse in that most elements are zeros. These matrix equations can be solved efficiently by sparse matrix techniques, which take advantage of the zeros. The approach consists of two steps:The matrix or grid is reordered to preserve the sparsity.The preserve the sparsity. (2) The system of equations with the reordered matrix is then solved by using an efficient Gaussian elimination or factorization algorithm that avoids operating on zeros. This paper compares several schemes that are effective for reordering the matrix. It also presents two general purpose sparse matrix algorithms that efficiently solve any type of reservoir simulation equations with any ordering. One of the algorithms is up to 8 times faster than the conventional band matrix algorithm; and the other, up to 18 times faster. Sparse matrix techniques are also competitive with iterative techniques. For large matrices, the algorithms' storage requirement can be readily met by a computer with virtual storage. Background The linear pressure and saturation equations in reservoir simulation usually have been solved with iterative rather than direct methods. This was thought to save time and storage. However, the increasing complexity of simulation problems has substantially increased the number of iterations required. We have found that in some situations, such as coning or compositional simulation, many iterative methods (including SIP 22) will not converge to an acceptable solution within a reasonable number of iterations. Even in situations where iterative methods converge, selecting an optimum iterative method and optimum acceleration parameters is tedious and sometimes parameters is tedious and sometimes expensive.
Long-range and short-range structures of cube-like shape SrTiO3 powders: microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic activity (2013)

We report herein a detailed study on the influence of microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) treatment time on both long and short range structures around Ti atoms of SrTiO3 powders. Few studies have been carried out on short-order structural properties as well as the relationship between the local order and the SrTiO3 photocatalytic properties. We use X-ray diffraction to determine the long-range structure, while the local environment around the Ti atom is probed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the vibration frequencies are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The faster crystallization of SrTiO3 powders provided by the MAH system resulted in large distortions of Ti-O bond lengths which remain unchanged even for a longer MAH treatment time. Despite the long-range structure being associated with ideal TiO6 clusters, X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements identified the presence of undercoordinated TiO5 clusters. Compared with the reference bulk SrTiO3, the hierarchical SrTiO3 cube-like shape showed enhanced photocatalytic activity, which was associated with the presence of these TiO5 clusters. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed that the superstructures based on a cube-like shape are formed by an assembly process, becoming well defined as a function of MAH treatment time.
Molecular live cell bioimaging in stem cell research (2012)

Functional heterogeneity within stem and progenitor cells has been shown to influence cell fate decisions. Similarly, intracellular signaling activated by external stimuli is highly heterogeneous and its spatiotemporal activity is linked to future cell behavior. To quantify these heterogeneous states and link them to future cell fates, it is important to observe cell populations continuously with single cell resolution. Live cell imaging in combination with fluorescent biosensors for signaling activity serves as a powerful tool to study cellular and molecular heterogeneity and the long-term biological effects of signaling. Here, we describe these methodologies, their advantages over classical approaches, and we illustrate how they could be applied to improve our understanding of the importance of heterogeneous cellular and molecular responses to external signaling cues.
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence by External Stimulating Devices (1974)

Electronic devices have proved to be of some value in the treatment of resistant urinary incontinence in women. The success rate was highest in young nulliparous patients who had not had surgery and was lowest in older patients who had had pregnancies and previous surgery. The Vitalograph Continator was the most successful of the devices tested.
Transimpedance optical preamplifier having a common-collector front end (1982)

A simple PIN photodiode-bipolar transistor (PIN-BJT), direct-coupled, transimpedance, optical preamplifier suitable for fabrication in monolithic IC form is described. The preamplifier basically consists of a common-collector, common-emitter configuration with shunt feedback. Measurements indicate that the receiver is capable of a sensitivity of −35.8 dBm at 140 Mbit/s for an error rate of 10−9.
Realistic Multi-Microphone Data Simulation for Distant Speech Recognition (2016)

The availability of realistic simulated corpora is of key importance for the future progress of distant speech recognition technology. The reliability, flexibility and low computational cost of a data simulation process may ultimately allow researchers to train, tune and test different techniques in a variety of acoustic scenarios, avoiding the laborious effort of directly recording real data from the targeted environment. In the last decade, several simulated corpora have been released to the research community, including the data-sets distributed in the context of projects and international challenges, such as CHiME and REVERB. These efforts were extremely useful to derive baselines and common evaluation frameworks for comparison purposes. At the same time, in many cases they highlighted the need of a better coherence between real and simulated conditions. In this paper, we examine this issue and we describe our approach to the generation of realistic corpora in a domestic context. Experimental validation, conducted in a multi-microphone scenario, shows that a comparable performance trend can be observed with both real and simulated data across different recognition frameworks, acoustic models, as well as multi-microphone processing techniques.
The Stereochemistry of Complex Inorganic Compounds. X. The Stereoisomers of Dichlorobis-(ethylenediamine)-platinum (IV) Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereochemistry of Complex Inorganic Compounds. X. The Stereoisomers of Dichlorobis-(ethylenediamine)-platinum (IV) Chloride1Fred Basolo, John C. Bailar Jr., and Betty Rapp TarrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2433–2438Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views787Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of Pyramid/Nanowire Binary Structure on n-Type Silicon Using Chemical Etching (2016)

A pyramid and nanowire binary structure of n-type monocrystalline silicon surface was fabricated by two-step chemical etching process. The nanowire surface is formed by electroless etching in HF-AgNO3 aqueous solution after being textured in KOH/IPA solution. Optical absorption was compared between this structure and that of random pyramid arrays. The effective reflectance calculated between 400 and 1100 nm decreased from 40% to 15% after pyramidal texturing and 4% after formation of vertically aligned nanowires with a length less than 1 m. This simple and low-cost surface structuring technique holds high potential for the manufacture of terrestrial silicon solar cells with reduced optical losses.
Immobilization of quantum dots in multiple responsive microgels for biomedical applications (2010)

A novel type of smart hybrid materials based on the in situ immobilization of quantum dots (QDs) on a responsive microgel template was prepared and investigated. Firstly, a temperature and pH dual responsive hybrid microgel was developed through the in-situ immobilization of CdS QDs in the interior of a copolymer microgel of poly(Nisopropylacrylamide- acrylamide-acrylic acid) [p(NIPAM-AAm-AA)]. The amino groups of the pAAm segments in the microgels are designed to sequester the precursor Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions for in situ formation of CdS QDs in the interior of the microgels and stabilize the CdS QDs embedded in the microgels. We demonstrated that the carboxyl groups on the p(NIPAM-AAm-AA)-CdS hybrid microgels can be used for further coupling with 3-aminophenyl boronic acid for optical glucose sensing. The glucose concentration change can induce a reversible swelling/shrinkage of the hybrid microgels, which can further modify the physicochemical environment of the QDs immobilized inside the microgels, resulting in a reversible quenching/antiquenching in photoluminescence (PL). The method is extendable to other QDs with different emission wavelengths and other targeting ligands, thus it is possible to develop multifunctional hybrid micro-/nano-gels for additional important biomedical applications.
Atypical Protein Kinase C-Dependent Polarized Cell Division Is Required for Myocardial Trabeculation (2016)

A hallmark of cardiac development is the formation of myocardial trabeculations exclusively from the luminal surface of the primitive heart tube. Although a number of genetic defects in the endocardium and cardiac jelly disrupt myocardial trabeculation, the role of cell polarization remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that atypical protein kinase C iota (Prkci) and its interacting partners are localized primarily to the luminal side of myocardial cells of early murine embryonic hearts. A subset of these cells undergoes polarized cell division with the cell division plane perpendicular to the heart's lumen. Disruption of the cell polarity complex by targeted gene mutations results in aberrant mitotic spindle alignment, loss of polarized cardiomyocyte division, and loss of normal myocardial trabeculation. Collectively, these results suggest that, in response to inductive signals, Prkci and its downstream partners direct polarized cell division of luminal myocardial cells to drive trabeculation in the nascent heart.
Evaluation of color mapping algorithms in different color spaces (2016)

The color gamut supported by current commercial displays is only a subset of the full spectrum of colors visible by the human eye. In High-Definition (HD) television technology, the scope of the supported colors covers 35.9% of the full visible gamut. For comparison, Ultra High-Definition (UHD) television, which is currently being deployed on the market, extends this range to 75.8%. However, when reproducing content with a wider color gamut than that of a television, typically UHD content on HD television, some original color information may lie outside the reproduction capabilities of the television. Efficient gamut mapping techniques are required in order to fit the colors of any source content into the gamut of a given display. The goal of gamut mapping is to minimize the distortion, in terms of perceptual quality, when converting video from one color gamut to another. It is assumed that the efficiency of gamut mapping depends on the color space in which it is computed. In this article, we evaluate 14 gamut mapping techniques, 12 combinations of two projection methods across six color spaces as well as R’G’B’ Clipping and wrong gamut interpretation. Objective results, using the CIEDE2000 metric, show that the R’G’B’ Clipping is slightly outperformed by only one combination of color space and projection method. However, analysis of images shows that R’G’B’ Clipping can result in loss of contrast in highly saturated images, greatly impairing the quality of the mapped image.
Effect of Interleukins on UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 Steroid Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase Expression and Activity in the LNCaP Cell Line<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Cytokines are known to modulate the level of both phase 1 and phase 2 drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes. Although the effects of cytokines on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are well understood, there is limited knowledge on how cytokines may affect steroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) phase 2 enzyme activity and expression in different cell types, including hepatocytes and steroid target cells. LNCaP cells, which is a human prostate cancer cell line, is a good model to study the effect of cytokines in steroid target cells because it is known to express steroidogenic enzymes, including UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, which are widely expressed steroid UGT enzymes known to conjugate androgens. In this study, we examined the possible interaction among interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-4, IL-6, and steroid UGT enzymes (UGT2B15 and UGT2B17). Treatment of LNCaP cells with IL-1alpha led to a dose-dependent inhibition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) glucuronidation. IL-1alpha decreased both UGT activity and LNCaP cell proliferation in the absence and presence of DHT (0.5 nM); a maximal inhibition of 70% was observed. IL-6 inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation as well as the DHT-induced proliferation of these cells. However, neither IL-4 nor IL-6 significantly affected the formation of DHT glucuronide. Ribonuclease protection and Western blot analyses demonstrated a specific reduction of UGT2B17 transcript and protein levels in IL-1alpha-treated LNCaP cells. The level of UGT2B15 was not affected by cytokine treatments, indicating a differential regulation between these two UGT enzymes. Transfection experiments performed with the UGT2B17 gene promoter region indicates that the regulation occurs at the transcription level via putative cis-acting elements. This study indicates that cell proliferation and UGT expression in steroid-responsive cancer cells are differentially regulated depending on the cytokines present in the cell microenvironment.
Synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of dendrimer-stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticles (2006)

FeS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using ethylenediamine core poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 terminated with amino (G4NH 2 ), hydroxyl (G4NGlyOH), and carboxyl (G4SAH) groups, respectively, as stabilizers. These dendrimer-stabilized FeS NPs (FeS DSNPs) were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry, zeta-potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Deposition of FeS NPs onto mesoporous silica gel microparticles was attempted using two approaches: (A) direct coating of {FeS-G4NH 2 } DSNPs onto silica particles; and (B) using G4NH 2 -coated silica particles to incorporate Fe 2+ ions for the subsequent formation of FeS NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show that approach (B) was much more efficient in the incorporation of FeS NPs than approach (A). Such preparation and manipulation of FeS DSNPs provides a unique strategy for fabricating various reactive nanoplatforms for environmental remediation applications.
Exogenous l-Valine Promotes Phagocytosis to Kill Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens (2017)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a severe threat to public health and causes extensive losses in livestock husbandry and aquaculture. Effective strategies to control such infections are in high demand. Enhancing host immunity is an ideal strategy with fewer side effects than antibiotics. To explore metabolite candidates, we applied a metabolomics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles of mice after <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> infection. Compared with the mice that died from <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection, mice that survived the infection displayed elevated levels of l-valine. Our analysis showed that l-valine increased macrophage phagocytosis, thereby reducing the load of pathogens; this effect was not only limited to <i>K. pneumoniae</i> but also included <i>Escherichia coli</i> clinical isolates in infected tissues. Two mechanisms are involved in this process: l-valine activating the PI3K/Akt1 pathway and promoting NO production through the inhibition of arginase activity. The NO precursor l-arginine is necessary for l-valine-stimulated macrophage phagocytosis. The valine-arginine combination therapy effectively killed <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and exerted similar effects in other Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) bacteria. Our study extends the role of metabolism in innate immunity and develops the possibility of employing the metabolic modulator-mediated innate immunity as a therapy for bacterial infections.
Quantification of Rat Cervical Microstructure using Fourier Transform-Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging (2013)

We apply Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation imaging to evaluate unstained rat cervical tissue in both 2D and 3D. Our technique validates the existence of 3D microstructures consisting of collagen fibers in rat cervical tissue.
Synthesis of 2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity (2001)

Recently a series of 2-amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing different substituents were synthesized and screened pharmacologically in order to evaluate their central nervous system activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the title compounds on CNS activity by varying the substituents in the thiadiazole moiety. It was found that some of these compounds possess marked antidepressant and anxiolytic properties comparable in efficiency to the reference drugs Imipramine and Diazepam. The most potent compound 3k was further investigated to complete its pharmacological profile with respect to undesired side effects. Behavioral results showed that 3k is a very promising compound, characterized by a mixed antidepressant-anxiolytic activity accompanied by a therapeutic dose range that is essentially 2 orders of magnitude less than that at which side effects such as sedation and amnesia are evident.
CE‐MS in metabolomics (2008)

An overview of the use of CE-MS in the field of metabolomics is provided. Metabolomics is concerned with the comprehensive analysis of endogenous low-molecular-weight compounds in biological samples. CE-MS has demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the profiling of polar metabolites in biological samples. This review covers the use of various CE separation modes, capillary coatings, MS analyzers, sample preparation techniques, and data analysis methods used in CE-MS for metabolomics. The applicability of CE-MS in metabolomics research is illustrated by giving examples of the analysis of bacterial extracts, plant extracts, urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. The relevant CE-MS metabolomics studies published between 2000 and 2008 are presented in tabular form, including information on sample type and pretreatment and MS detection mode. Future developments with regard to the use of alternative ionization techniques, the use of coupled separation systems and the potential of microchip CE systems for metabolomics are discussed.