gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenic determinants of influenza virus hemagglutinin. IV. Immunogenicity of fragments isolated from the hemagglutinin of A/Memphis/72. (1979)

Polypeptide fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the A/Memphis/102/72 (H3N2) strain of influenza virus were inoculated into rabbits, and the resulting antisera were examined for the presence of antibodies capable of reacting with intact virus, detergent-solubilized hemagglutinin, hemagglutinin heavy chain (HA 1 ), or CNBr fragments derived from HA. We have shown that it is possible to raise antibodies to individual fragments including those representing regions of the hemagglutinin molecule that are not normally antigenic within the intact virion. The antibodies are specific for the fragment to which they were raised. In those cases where the immunogen contains carbohydrate, a small proportion of the antibody is directed against these side chains, but this can be removed by adsorption with an unrelated influenza virus. Although only antibodies raised against intact HA are capable of neutralization of virus or lysis of infected cells in the presence of complement, some of the antibodies against fragmented HA possess hemagglutination-inhibition activity. All of the antibody preparations are capable of binding to purified HA 1 , but only those raised against fragments containing the antigenic polypeptide, HA 1 CN1, are capable of binding to intact virus. This indicates that within the intact virion the N-terminal CNBr fragment of HA 1 carries immunogenic activity.
Paris I dysfibrinogenemia: a point mutation in intron 8 results in insertion of a 15 amino acid sequence in the fibrinogen gamma-chain. (1993)

Paris I dysfibrinogenemia results in the production of a fibrinogen molecule containing a functionally abnormal gamma-chain. We determined the basis of the molecular defect using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the gamma-chain region of the Paris I subject's genomic DNA. Comparative sequence analysis of cloned PCR segments of normal and Paris I genomic DNA revealed only an A-->G point mutation occurring at nucleotide position 6588 within intron 8 of the Paris I gamma-chain gene. We examined six normal individuals and found only normal sequence in this region, indicating that this change is not likely to represent a normal polymorphism. This nucleotide change leads to a 45 bp fragment being inserted between exons 8 and 9 in the mature gamma Paris I chain mRNA, and encodes a 15 amino acid insert after gamma 350 [M-C-G-E-A-L-P-M-L-K-D-P-C-Y]. Alternative splicing of this region from intron 8 into the mature Paris I gamma-chain mRNA also results after translation into a substitution of S for G at position gamma 351. Biochemical studies of 14C-iodoacetamide incorporation into disulfide-reduced Paris I and normal fibrinogen corroborated the molecular biologic predictions that two additional cysteine residues exist within the gamma Paris I chain. We conclude that the insertion of this amino acid sequence leads to a conformationally-altered, and dysfunctional gamma-chain in Paris I fibrinogen.
Microbial Endocrinology in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease (2016)

Microbial endocrinology represents the intersection of two seemingly disparate fields, microbiology and neurobiology, and is based on the shared presence of neurochemicals that are exactly the same in host as well as in the microorganism. The ability of microorganisms to not only respond to, but also produce, many of the same neurochemicals that are produced by the host, such as during periods of stress, has led to the introduction of this evolutionary-based mechanism which has a role in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The consideration of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms has demonstrated, for example, that the prevalent use of catecholamine-based synthetic drugs in the clinical setting contributes to the formation of biofilms in indwelling medical devices. Production of neurochemicals by microorganisms most often employs the same biosynthetic pathways as those utilized by the host, indicating that acquisition of host neurochemical-based signaling system in the host may have been acquired due to lateral gene transfer from microorganisms. That both host and microorganism produce and respond to the very same neurochemicals means that there is bidirectionality contained with the theoretical underpinnings of microbial endocrinology. This can be seen in the role of microbial endocrinology in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its relevance to infectious disease. Such shared pathways argue for a role of microorganism-neurochemical interactions in infectious disease.
PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS AS AN INDEX OF OVULATION AND CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND GONADOTROPHIN‐STIMULATED MENSTRUAL CYCLES (1972)

Summary The occurrence of ovulation cab be deduced and corpus luteum function assessed in spontaneous and gonadotrophin‐induced menstrual cycles by appropriately timed plasma progesterone estimations. A screening procedure is suggested for the selection of suspect menstrual cycles requiring more detailed study of the luteal phase.
<title>Versatile scanning near-field optical microscope using an apertureless metallic probe</title> (1996)

Theoretically, it is well known that the classical optical microscope resolution, is limited to about 250 nm. Actually, the scanning near-field optical microscopy allow to get over this limit. Using a vibrating opaque metallic tip, which periodically and locally perturbs the electromagnetic field distribution of a focused laser spot in to the sample surface, we have observed with better resolution than the theoretical limit many topographic and optical test object.
Simulation of Left Atrial Function Using a Multi-Scale Model of the Cardiovascular System (2013)

During a full cardiac cycle, the left atrium successively behaves as a reservoir, a conduit and a pump. This complex behavior makes it unrealistic to apply the time-varying elastance theory to characterize the left atrium, first, because this theory has known limitations, and second, because it is still uncertain whether the load independence hypothesis holds. In this study, we aim to bypass this uncertainty by relying on another kind of mathematical model of the cardiac chambers. In the present work, we describe both the left atrium and the left ventricle with a multi-scale model. The multi-scale property of this model comes from the fact that pressure inside a cardiac chamber is derived from a model of the sarcomere behavior. Macroscopic model parameters are identified from reference dog hemodynamic data. The multi-scale model of the cardiovascular system including the left atrium is then simulated to show that the physiological roles of the left atrium are correctly reproduced. This include a biphasic pressure wave and an eight-shaped pressure-volume loop. We also test the validity of our model in non basal conditions by reproducing a preload reduction experiment by inferior vena cava occlusion with the model. We compute the variation of eight indices before and after this experiment and obtain the same variation as experimentally observed for seven out of the eight indices. In summary, the multi-scale mathematical model presented in this work is able to correctly account for the three roles of the left atrium and also exhibits a realistic left atrial pressure-volume loop. Furthermore, the model has been previously presented and validated for the left ventricle. This makes it a proper alternative to the time-varying elastance theory if the focus is set on precisely representing the left atrial and left ventricular behaviors.
Purification and identification of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine as the major peptide neutrophil chemotactic factor produced by Escherichia coli. (1984)

Chemotactic factor-enriched butanol extracts from Escherichia coli culture filtrates were fractionated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The yield from individual fractions of biological activity (lysosomal enzyme secretion) and antigenic activity (competition with [3H]fMet-Leu-Phe for binding to rabbit anti-fMet-Leu-Phe) revealed an average 50% recovery of original material. Five peaks of biological activity were separated as demonstrated by enzyme-releasing activity. Three of these peaks coincided exactly with peaks of antigenic activity, suggesting that at least 3 and as many as 5 distinct formyl-methionyl peptides had been separated. The majority of recovered activity appeared in peak 3 and represented 70% of the total biological and antigenic activities recovered. The five peak fractions were subsequently analyzed by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DCP/GC-MS) to determine amino acid sequences. After digestion, the formyl-Met peptide was demonstrated in only one of the five peak fractions (peak 3). Furthermore, both the GC retention times and mass spectra indicated that peak 3 contained formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The DCP/GC and MS data were confirmed with tests made on authentic fMet-Leu-Phe. Butanol extracts from E. coli filtrates to which were added synthetic fMet-Leu-Phe resulted in increased biological and antigenic activity in the precise high pressure liquid chromatography fractions of peak 3 where the fMet-Leu-Phe produced by E. coli was found. Finally, the analysis of recovered biological and antigenic activities indicated that the formyl peptides were found in nanomolar concentrations in culture filtrates. These results demonstrate that the NH2-terminal formyl peptides produced by E. coli, of which formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine appears to be the major component, are the peptide mediators responsible for leukocyte chemotactic activity in the bacterial culture extracts.
Broadband powerline channel and capacity analysis (2005)

Powerline channel has been considered as a medium not only for low-rate, control communications, but also for high-speed data communications, such as home networking and Internet access. In order to implement advanced communication technologies, the complete knowledge of the broadband powerline channel, including the analysis of the channel capacity, are required. This paper strives to widen the understanding of broadband indoor powerline channel by focusing on the properties of indoor powerline channels and its noise behavior. We use water-poring algorithm to optimize the channel capacity.
Comparing the usefulness of video and map information in navigation tasks (2006)

One of the fundamental aspects of robot teleoperation is the ability to successfully navigate a robot through an environment. We define successful navigation to mean that the robot minimizes collisions and arrives at the destination in a timely manner. Often video and map information is presented to a robot operator to aid in navigation tasks. This paper addresses the usefulness of map and video information in a navigation task by comparing a side-by-side (2D) representation and an integrated (3D) representation in both a simulated and a real world study. The results suggest that sometimes video is more helpful than a map and other times a map is more helpful than video. From a design perspective, an integrated representation seems to help navigation more than placing map and video side-by-side.
Drilling With Steerable Motors in Large Diameter Holes (1988)

Abstract Steerable motor drilling systems, initially used for intermediate and production hole sizes, have evolved to a point of efficient application in large diameter surface holes. These systems combine directional and straight hole drilling capabilities to provide precise directional control. With better directional control, dogleg severity is more precisely determined and is therefore often reduced in the critical surface hole section. A brief summary of steerable systems is given, followed by applications and benefits of using these systems in large diameter holes. Also presented is a section that covers system design considerations when using steerable motors and briefly details a typical bottomhole assembly, surveying methods, and drilling parameters. Finally, a series of case histories, based on successful applications in the Far East and the North Sea, will be presented to demonstrate the range of flexibility possible with steerable systems in large diameter holes.
Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones with “Designer Cells” at High Substrate Concentrations: Highly Efficient Access to Functionalized Optically Active Alcohols (2006)

Productive cells: In a simple, highly efficient process for the synthesis of optically active alcohols, ketones are reduced by “designer cells” at high substrate concentrations and without the addition of an “external” cofactor in aqueous reaction medium. A wide range of R and S alcohols can be prepared with conversions of >90 % and enantioselectivities of >99 % ee (scheme shows results from the application on a 10-L scale). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503394_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MiR-133a in Human Circulating Monocytes: A Potential Biomarker Associated with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (2012)

This is the first in vivo miRNA expression analysis in human circulating monocytes to identify novel miRNA biomarkers underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results suggest that miR-133a in circulating monocytes is a potential biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Nano‐Enabled Power Sources (2008)

Abstract Nanotechnology has become an important tool in security and military applications and has potential to provide important new contributions. As security devices become more portable and shrink further in size, the performance of existing power source technologies is pushed to their limits. Nanotechnology is an enabling technology since it offers an opportunity to extend or revolutionize the performance of energy storage and conversion devices. Nanotechnology, especially nanomaterials, has demonstrated revolutionary improvement in several power source technologies. In the case of batteries and capacitors, nanomaterials have resulted in the commercialization of several high power or high energy cells. This article reviews emerging nano‐enabling applications in energy harvesting and energy conversion technologies as well as projects future trends of nanomaterials for power source applications.
Statistical reliability analysis under process variation and aging effects (2009)

Circuit reliability is affected by various fabrication-time and run-time effects. Fabrication-induced process variation has significant impact on circuit performance and reliability. Various aging effects, such as negative bias temperature instability, cause continuous performance and reliability degradation during circuit run-time usage. In this work, we present a statistical analysis framework that characterizes the lifetime reliability of nanometer-scale integrated circuits by jointly considering the impact of fabrication-induced process variation and run-time aging effects. More specifically, our work focuses on characterizing circuit threshold voltage lifetime variation and its impact on circuit timing due to process variation and the negative bias temperature instability effect, a primary aging effect in nanometer-scale integrated circuits. The proposed work is capable of characterizing the overall circuit lifetime reliability, as well as efficiently quantifying the vulnerabilities of individual circuit elements. This analysis framework has been carefully validated and integrated into an iterative design flow for circuit lifetime reliability analysis and optimization.
Distributed Object Management (1993)

From the Publisher:
Distributed Object Management is a ground-breaking collection of 28 contributions on the use of object-oriented technologies in distributed computer systems. In addressing the theory and practice of developing distributed object-oriented database management systems, the authors present the state of the art in distributed object management technology and identify the issues of greatest importance for the future. Product developers, researchers and database technology watchers will find this an indispensable guide.
Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of “alternatives” (2012)

Studies of IL-4 have revealed a wealth of information on the diverse roles of this cytokine in homeostatic regulation and disease pathogenesis. Recent data suggest that instead of simple linear regulatory pathways, IL-4 drives regulation that is full of alternatives. In addition to the well-known dichotomous regulation of Th cell differentiation by IL-4, this cytokine is engaged in several other alternative pathways. Its own production involves alternative mRNA splicing, yielding at least two functional isoforms: full-length IL-4, encoded by the IL-4 gene exons 1-4, and IL-4δ2, encoded by exons 1, 3, and 4. The functional effects of these two isoforms are in some ways similar but in other ways quite distinct. When binding to the surface of target cells, IL-4 may differentially engage two different types of receptors. By acting on macrophages, a cell type critically involved in inflammation, IL-4 induces the so-called alternative macrophage activation. In this review, recent advances in understanding these three IL-4-related branch points--alternative splicing of IL-4, differential receptor engagement by IL-4, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by IL-4--are summarized in light of their contributions to inflammation.
Effect of Mixed Solvents on Characteristics of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Gels (2002)

A novel technique is proposed to modulate the matrix structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel by using water and tetrahydrofuran as a mixed solvent during its polymerization and cross-linking reaction. SEM micrographs revealed that the resulting PNIPAAm hydrogels were highly porous and that the pores within the matrixes were interconnected. In addition, the hydrogels, especially those prepared in the mixed solvent with a high tetrahydrofuran content, were opaque. This indicates that the hydrogels exhibited heterogeneous structures. The porous and heterogeneous structures enabled the hydrogels to absorb large amounts of water and improved their temperature sensitivity. Interestingly, the heterogeneous hydrogels also exhibited very rapid deswelling as well as reswelling kinetics. The DSC thermograms showed that the hydrogels prepared with higher tetrahydrofuran contents had slightly greater LCSTs and enthalpies, which accounts for the increased deswelling rates. The structures and properties of the heterogeneous hydrogels were modulated by varying the tetrahydrofuran content in the mixed solvent.
<title>Towards A Real Time Implementation Of The Marr And Poggio Stereo Matcher</title> (1981)

This paper reports on research--primarily at Marr and Poggio's [9] mechanism level--to design a practical hardware stereo-matcher and on the interaction this study has had with our understanding of the problem, at the computational theory and algorithm levels. The stereo-matching algorithm proposed by Marr and Poggio [10] and implemented by Grimson and Marc [3] is consistent with what is presently known about human stereo vision [2]. Their research has been concerned with understanding the principles underlying the stereo-matching problem. Our objective has been to produce a stereo-matcher that operates reliably at near real time rates as a tool to facilitate further research in vision and for possible application in robotics and stereo-photogrammetry. At present the design and construction of the camera and convolution modules of this project have been completed and the design of the zero-crossing and matching modules is progressing. The remainder of this section provides a brief description of the Marr and Poggio stereo algorithm. We then dis-cuss our general approach and sonic of the issues that have come up concerning the design of the individual modules.
Enhanced-xVSB system development for mobile/portable reception (2005)

This paper describes the advanced dual stream system for improving mobile/pedestrian reception performance to the ATSC DTV 8-VSB transmission standard. The proposed system can transmit a mixture of normal (8-VSB) stream and enhanced (robust) stream. The robust stream has a lower threshold of visibility (TOV) compared to the standard stream, and legacy receivers ignore the robust packets. Thus, the enhanced-xVSB system is fully backward compatible with a current ATSC standard. For more robust transmission support, E-xVSB system adopts a reduced constellation method as well as enhanced trellis-coded modulation scheme. E-xVSB system supports a variety of enhanced modulation schemes: pseudo-2VSB, enhanced-4VSB, modified enhanced-8VSB and hybrid-VSB. The proposed system has been tested in the lab, and the testing results are shown in this paper.
Universal Platform for Sensitive and Label-Free Nuclease Assay Based on Conjugated Polymer and DNA/Intercalating Dye Complex (2009)

By taking advantage of the large signal amplification through efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the conjugated polymer to the intercalating dye mediated by DNA, a new strategy for nuclease assay has been developed using conjugated polymer and DNA/intercalating dye complex. The discrimination of DNA before or after digestion by nuclease denotes the universal application of the approach, in which either dsDNA or ssDNA substrates could be used for detecting nuclease activity. This method can be extended to most nucleases by simply changing the substrate DNA. The present method is label-free, rapid, and highly sensitive, with a detection limit much better or at least comparable to previous reports. In addition, this assay is easy to implement for visual detection with the assistance of a UV transilluminator. We reason that a similar strategy can be adopted for the detection of other analytes.
Convexity of optimal control over networks with delays and arbitrary topology (2010)

We consider the design of optimal controllers for a networked system (or a spatio-temporal system), where the dynamics of each subsystem may affect those of other subsystems with some propagation delays, and the controllers may communicate with each other with some transmission delays. We show that if a simple condition holds, then the optimal control problem may be recast as a convex optimisation problem. This is shown to unify and broadly generalise the class of such systems amenable to convex synthesis. When we consider the special case of spatially invariant systems, this again broadly generalises the known class of tractable problems.