gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADANA: Active Name Disambiguation (2011)

Name ambiguity has long been viewed as a challenging problem in many applications, such as scientific literature management, people search, and social network analysis. When we search a person name in these systems, many documents (e.g., papers, web pages) containing that person's name may be returned. It is hard to determine which documents are about the person we care about. Although much research has been conducted, the problem remains largely unsolved, especially with the rapid growth of the people information available on the Web. In this paper, we try to study this problem from a new perspective and propose an ADANA method for disambiguating person names via active user interactions. In ADANA, we first introduce a pairwise factor graph (PFG) model for person name disambiguation. The model is flexible and can be easily extended by incorporating various features. Based on the PFG model, we propose an active name disambiguation algorithm, aiming to improve the disambiguation performance by maximizing the utility of the user's correction. Experimental results on three different genres of data sets show that with only a few user corrections, the error rate of name disambiguation can be reduced to 3.1%. A real system has been developed based on the proposed method and is available online.
Polyimide molecular composites containing a stiff‐chain polymer derived from 1,5‐diaminonaphathalene and pyromellitic dianhydride (2009)

Abstract Polyimide molecular composite (MC) films were prepared by embedding a stiff‐chain polyimide (PI S ) in the ductile matrix of a flexible‐chain polyimide (PI F ) by blending their respective poly(amic acid) precursor solutions, followed by casting, drying, and thermal imidization upto 300°C. The PI S was prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,5‐diaminonaphathalene (DAN), whereas the PI F was prepared from the same dianhydride and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA). Transparent, tough, and creasable MC films were obtained with 2.5–40 wt% of PI S content. The disruption of crystalline order of PI S in the MC films evidenced its fine dispersion in the matrix. Visco‐elastic measurements showed a single and enhanced value of the glass transition temperature for MC films indicating miscibility of this polyimide pair. Furthermore, the variation of charge transfer (CT) fluorescence intensity with the PI S content in the blends verified complete miscibility upto 30 wt% of PI S loading. These MCs showed a notable enhancement in the mechanical properties. Among all, the blend containing 30 wt% of stiff‐chain molecules gave the best combination of properties when compared with the matrix polyimide: a 50% higher value of tensile modulus, a 17°C rise in the glass transition temperature, and better thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Different Heat Treatments on Texture of Stewed Egg White (2012)

Effect of different heat treatments(precooking,stewing time,sterilizing methods and time) on the texture of stewed egg white had been investigated.The results showed that: the hardness of stewed egg white was significantly influenced by precooking,stewing time;springiness gumminess were significantly influenced by stewing time;adhesiveness was significantly influenced by sterilizing time.In addition,the optimum heating treatment was: precooking 15 min,stewing 1 h for twice with interval 1 h,sterilizing 5 min at 121℃.
Characterizing the electron transport properties of a single 〈110〉 InAs nanowire (2014)

InAs nanowire with 〈110〉 orientation is proposed for use as an electron spin transport channel for application to spintronics devices, particularly the Datta–Das spin transistor. Stable zinc blende crystal NWs were grown using a molecular beam epitaxy system. Subsequently, global back-gate NW field effect transistors were fabricated, and the superiority of the electrical transport properties within our resultant 〈110〉 NWs was demonstrated by comparing the field-effect mobility with a 〈111〉 NW control sample. Additionally, single NW Hall-bar devices were fabricated, which allowed us to obtain the transport properties accurately, and Hall effect measurements were successfully taken at different temperatures.
Intermittency of surface-layer wind velocity series in the mesoscale range (2010)

We study various time series of surface-layer wind velocity at different locations and provide evidences for the intermittent nature of the wind fluctuations in mesoscale to large-scale range. By means of the magnitude covariance analysis, which is shown to be a more efficient tool to study intermittency than classical scaling analysis, we find that all wind series exhibit similar features than those observed for laboratory turbulence. Our findings suggest the existence of a "universal" cascade mechanism associated with the energy transfer between synoptic motions and turbulent microscales in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Optimizing SoC manufacturability (2005)

Summary form only given. Every new semiconductor technology node provides further miniaturization and higher performance, thus increasing the functions that electronic products could offer. Although adding such new functions do benefit the end-user, but they also necessitate finer and denser semiconductor fabrication processes, which make chips more susceptible to defects. Today, as nanometer technologies are reaching defect susceptibility levels that result in lowering the manufacturing yield and reliability, and hence lengthening the production ramp-up period, and therefore the time to volume (TTV). The impact on manufacturability and TTV is very critical for the semiconductor industry. It puts the conventional IC realization flow at an impasse. In fact, every single phase in the IC realization flow has an impact yield and reliability, including the design phase, prototyping, volume fabrication, test, assembly, packaging, failure analysis and even the post-production life cycle of the chip. In order to optimize yield and reach acceptable TTV levels, the semiconductor industry needs to adopt advanced manufacturability optimization solutions. These solutions need to be implemented at different phases of the chip realization flow. The conventional semiconductor manufacturing infrastructure, i.e. the external equipment and processes, alone are insufficient to handle such advanced solutions; supplemental on-chip infrastructure is needed. To optimize manufacturability, the industry has recently introduced a range of embedded intellectual-property (IP) blocks, called infrastructure IP. These are meant for inclusion into IC design and utilized during the different phases of product realization. Semiconductor IP is well known for the last decade. Most of the known IP blocks, though, are functional ones, such as embedded processor, memory, analog, or FPGA cores. Whereas, infrastructure IP (I-IP) is not functional, i.e. does not contribute to the normal functionality of a given IC. Rather, I-IP is embedded in an IC solely to ensure its manufacturability and lifetime reliability. This role is similar to the infrastructure elements of a building, such as wiring networks or plumbing, which are independent from the actual function of the building. This paper introduces the key trends and challenges resulting in manufacturing susceptibility and field reliability that necessitate the use of such infrastructure IP. The paper discusses the yield optimization loops. And then, it concentrates on several examples of infrastructure IP for process monitoring, test & repair, debug & diagnosis, timing, and fault tolerance, while demonstrating their effectiveness in improving yield and reliability.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults (2003)

Anaemia correction with recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO, epoetin) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients has been associated with improved survival and quality of life, as well as lower overall treatment costs. Few studies, however, have evaluated the benefits of epoetin treatment given to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients during the pre-dialysis period. A retrospective study of 89 193 incident haemodialysis patients in the Medicare system (age > or =67 years) assessed consistency of epoetin treatment before the start of dialysis and the outcome of patients once they reached ESRD. Patients were grouped according to consistency of epoetin treatment based on the available months of treatment in the 2-year period before starting dialysis. Only 15.6% of patients in the study received any epoetin before the initiation of dialysis. Patients who received no or infrequent epoetin (i.e. received epoetin in <50% of possible months) had a significantly higher relative risk of cardiac disease and death than patients treated with epoetin more frequently. Patients who received no or infrequent epoetin also had significantly higher rates of hospitalization and overall treatment costs at the time of initial dialysis. These findings suggest that early epoetin treatment warrants further investigation in prospective, randomized studies. In summary, it is evident that the care of CKD patients can be improved. Evidence suggests that timely initiation of epoetin treatment to correct renal anaemia appears to be associated with improved survival of ESRD patients in the first year after start of dialysis and reduced costs of treatment.
Low-density parity-check convolutional codes applied to packet based communication systems (2005)

In this paper, the application of low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs) to packet based communication systems is studied. By presenting analysis of encoder and decoder design as well as simulation results for such systems, we show that LDPC-CCs are more suited to packet based applications than LDPC block codes (LDPC-BCs). This is due to their ability to operate on arbitrary lengths of data, lower encoder complexity and the performance gain of presetting and termination. Moreover, in this paper, we propose an algorithm for terminating the LDPC-CC encoder from any state to the all-zero state.
A true 16 b self-calibrating BiCMOS DAC (1993)

An instrument-grade DAC (digital-to-analog converter) that produces true 16-b performance after a brief calibration period and retains accuracy over a usable temperature range is described. Typical results for DNL (differential nonlinearity) and end-point INL (integral nonlinearity) for the 10-V unipolar range at 25 degrees C and for the calibrated top 6 b only are shown. The chip occupies 80 kmils/sup 2/ in a BiCMOS process, and dissipates 500 mW from +or-15-V/+5-V supplies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Helper-Dependent Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer Into the Adult Mouse Cochlea (2007)

The technique of scala media HDAd injection reliably infects the adult mouse cochlea, including cells within the organ of Corti, although the procedure itself adversely affects hearing.
Fabrication of Ordered Arrays of Multiple Nanodots Using Anodic Porous Alumina as an Evaporation Mask (2000)

Dot—or multiple dot—arrays of nanometer dimensions have applications in nanodevices. Control of the size and site of each dot is essential as variations can alter the optical or catalytic properties of the composite metal nanoparticles. A method is presented in which anodic porous alumina, a typical self-organized structure, is used as an evaporation mask for the shadow evaporation of a metal beam, enabling the spatially resolved deposition of the metal—or several different metals—at the bottom of the apertures of the mask. Each dot in the array is composed of two or three deposits of one or more metals.
An Intelligent Lane-Changing Behavior Prediction and Decision-Making Strategy for an Autonomous Vehicle (2021)

In the future complex intelligent transportation environments, lane-changing behavior of surrounding vehicles is a significant factor affecting the driving safety. It is necessary to predict the lane-changing behaviors accurately. The driving environments and drivers are the main factors of lane-changing. To comprehensively consider their relationship, this article proposes a prediction method based on a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. First, to highly integrate driving environments with drivers, drivers’ cognitive processes of driving environments are simulated using FIS. Fuzzy rules are formulated based on drivers’ cognition, and then driving environments information can be transformed into lane-changing feasibility. Second, the obtained lane-changing feasibility and corresponding vehicle trajectory are designed as input variables of LSTM neural network to predict the lane-changing behavior. Third, based on the above prediction results, an intelligent decision-making strategy is designed for path planning of autonomous vehicle to ensure driving safety. The prediction method is trained and tested by the next generation simulation (NGSIM) dataset, which is made up of real vehicle trajectories. The accurate rate of the method is 92.40%. Moreover, the decision strategy is simulated and verified in hardware-in-the-loop system. Results show that the strategy can significantly improve the performance of driving in dealing with lane-changing behaviors.
LA PSICOTERAPIA. DE APOYO, REDUCTIVA Y RECONSTRUCTIVA (1988)

A TRAVES DE MEDIOS PSICOLOGICOS Y UN METODO ADECUADO, LA PSICOTERAPIA PRETENDE TRATAR PROBLEMAS DE NATURALEZA EMOCIONAL MEDIANTE UNA RELACION ESTABLECIDA ENTRE UN PACIENTE Y UN PROFESIONAL FORMADO Y ENTRENADO EN ESTA DISCIPLINA TRAS HABER CONCLUIDO ESTUDIOS EN PSICOLOGIA O PSIQUIATRIA.
Circulating levels of immunoreactive peptides and steroid hormones in bronchogenic carcinoma. (1988)

Plasma levels of immunoreactive parathormone (iPTH), immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) and prostaglandins (PGE2) were measured by RIA in 115 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. In 37 of these cases the following hormones were also assayed: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, prolactin, human growth hormone (HGH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), progesterone (P), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS). High serum levels of many hormone-like substances and hormones were found and the levels of certain hormones varied in some cases according to the clinical evolution of the disease and the response to therapy.
Synthesis and reactions of diphenyl (β‐pyridyl) chloromethane; Formation of a diphenyl‐(β‐pyridyl)methyl radical (1959)

Abstract The synthesis and properties of some new compounds connected with diphenyl (β‐pyridyl) carbinol, viz. diphenyl (β‐pyridyl) carbinol hydrochloride, diphenyl (β‐pyridyl) chloromethane and its hydrochloride, bis[diphenyl‐ (β‐pyridyl) methyl] peroxide and a compound C 36 H 28 N 2 , are described. The peroxide is very probably produced from the diphenyl (β‐pyridyl)‐methyl radical formed initially.
High-Performance Coplanar Waveguide to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition (2015)

Recently, a new empty coaxial structure, entirely built with printed circuit boards, has been proposed. The resulting coaxial line has low radiation, low losses, high-quality factor, and is nondispersive. Up to now, this coaxial line has not been completely integrated in a planar substrate, since a working transition to a traditional planar line has not been defined yet. Therefore, in this paper, a high-quality transition from coplanar waveguide to this new empty coaxial line is proposed. With this transition, the coaxial line is completely integrated in a planar circuit board, so that it truly becomes an empty substrate-integrated coaxial line. The proposed transition has been fabricated. Both full-wave simulated and measured results show an excellent agreement. Therefore, the proposed transition is suitable to develop completely substrate-integrated components for applications in wideband communication systems that require very high quality responses and protection from external interferences. To show this fact, this new transition has been applied to integrate a high-performance empty coaxial filter in a planar substrate. The measured response of this filter is excellent, and proves the goodness of the proposed transition that has enabled, for the first time, the complete integration of an empty coaxial line in a planar substrate.
Semiempirical rate equation for solid state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2002)

Abstract Solid‐state polymerization (SSP) of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is characterized by two distinct features. First, there exists an ultimate or limiting intrinsic viscosity ( IV ). Second, the SSP rate varies with the prepolymer IV. Although there are several existing empirical rate equations and numerous published models for the SSP of PET, none can adequately describe these features. In this article, a simple semiempirical rate equation that aptly describes the behaviors of the SSP of PET is proposed. It is based on the assumptions that there are two categories of functional end groups, active and inactive end groups, and that the overall SSP follows a second order kinetics. Thus, the overall SSP rate is expressed as − dC / dt = 2 k a ( C − C ai ) 2 , where C is the total end group concentration, t , the SSP time, k a , the apparent reaction rate constant, and C ai , the apparent inactive end group concentration. With this rate equation, the effects of all factors that influence the SSP rate are implicitly and conveniently accounted for by the two parameters, k a and C ai . For example, k a increases, while C ai decreases, with increasing SSP temperature, increasing prepolymer IV , and decreasing particle size. The proposed rate equation fits the IV or molecular weight build‐up curves for the SSP of PET under various conditions very well, and can be extrapolated beyond data with reasonable accuracy. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 857–870, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10370
Texture-based simultaneous registration and segmentation of breast DCE-MRI (2008)

We present a registration method for breast dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE) MRI data based on texture information. The algorithm combines feature and spatial information to propose an image segmentation based on a Hidden Markov Random Measure Field(HMRMF) model using expectation-maximisation(EM) iteration. It can be used to simultaneously estimate parameters in order to segment and register the images iteratively. Global motions are modeled by an affine transformation, while local breast motions are described using free-form deformations(FFD) based on B-splines. Experimental results on real DCE-MRI data are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
Prevalence of Ocular Disorders among Schoolboys in Five Villages in Al-Baha Region (1992)

In early summer, 1990, 3590 schoolboys from the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia were assessed for their ocular status. Children from 15 schools were randomly selected to assess eye problems and visual defects. Of the boys examined 3521 (89.7%) had visual acuity of 20/30 or better and 3443 (95.9%) achieved 20/30 or better after correction. The main causes of visual impairment were refractive error in 260 (7.2%) and amblyopia in 58 (1.6%). Seventeen (0.5%) boys had strabismus. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was found in 204 (5.7%). Four hundred and forty-nine (26.4%) had nonspecific conjunctivitis, 173 (4.8%) had bacterial conjunctivitis, and 28 (0.8%) had blepharitis. Of the five geographical areas surveyed, trachoma was only found in the Aqeek area among 49 (1.4%) schoolboys. Earlier detection and treatment of visual impairment is of paramount importance in decreasing the rate of visual loss among schoolchildren.
Innovative Design Processes and Technologies Improve PDC Bit Performance in Harsh Drilling Environments (2006)

Abstract PDC bits are still confronted with performance challenges, especially in hard and/or abrasive formations. In most instances, the bit development or selection process compromises ROP for durability or vice versa. These solutions do not create the types of conditions needed to ensure the expected measurable gains in performance. As such effective product development, which targets the ROP/durability relationship, based on the performance optimization requirements of different applications, must be sought. This paper will discuss field proven design processes and technologies, which have successfully been used to improve PDC bit performance in harsh drilling environments. The importance and contributions of bit stabilization in this effort, as well as its effects on ROP and durability, will be discussed. As part of the product development processes that will be presented in this paper, drilling efficiency (DE) will also be discussed. In addition, the effect and influences of bit durability on drilling efficiency will be presented. Field data showing the positive impact of the new process on PDC bit performance, especially in hard and/or abrasive formations, will also be presented.
Endotracheal Cardiac Output Monitor (2000)

Endotracheal CO monitor is a promising technology that needs further evaluation in clinical trials.
Positional cloning of <i>ZNF</i> <i>217</i> and <i>NABC</i> <i>1</i> : Genes amplified at 20q13.2 and overexpressed in breast carcinoma (1998)

We report here the molecular cloning of an approximately 1-Mb region of recurrent amplification at 20q13.2 in breast cancer and other tumors and the delineation of a 260-kb common region of amplification. Analysis of the 1-Mb region produced evidence for five genes, ZNF217, ZNF218, and NABC1, PIC1L (PIC1-like), CYP24, and a pseudogene CRP (Cyclophillin Related Pseudogene). ZNF217 and NABC1 emerged as strong candidate oncogenes and were characterized in detail. NABC1 is predicted to encode a 585-aa protein of unknown function and is overexpressed in most but not all breast cancer cell lines in which it was amplified. ZNF217 is centrally located in the 260-kb common region of amplification, transcribed in multiple normal tissues, and overexpressed in all cell lines and tumors in which it is amplified and in two in which it is not. ZNF217 is predicted to encode alternately spliced, Kruppel-like transcription factors of 1,062 and 1,108 aa, each having a DNA-binding domain (eight C2H2 zinc fingers) and a proline-rich transcription activation domain.
Synthesis of BCP Benzylamines From 2‐Azaallyl Anions and [1.1.1]Propellane (2018)

For bioactive molecules, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are an emerging isostere of rigid spacer groups that have shown potential to improve drug-like qualities. As BCPs become an increasingly popular motif for evaluation in drug candidates, organic chemists must meet the demand to reliably incorporate them into new targets. To provide access to BCP analogues of diaryl methanamines, a ubiquitous scaffold in medicinal chemistry, we report the synthesis of BCP benzylamines through reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane with 2-azaallyl anions, which are generated in situ from N-benzyl ketimines. The reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature and tolerates a broad substrate scope, providing straightforward access to 23 new BCP benzylamine derivatives. Initial experiments support the intermediacy of a BCP anion. Additionally, the reaction can be promoted by substoichiometric loadings of base, highlighting an unusual reactivity of both 2-azaallyls and [1.1.1]propellane.
The state of men's health in Europe: how do we compare in the UK? (2011)

Abstract In this article, Alan White provides an overview of some of the main findings from the State of men's health in Europe report and relates them to the health of men in the UK. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd