gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FASTR: a unification-based front-end to automatic indexing (1994)

Most natural language processing approaches to full-text information retrieval are based on indexing documents by the occurrences of controlled terms they contain. An important problem with this approach is that terms accept numerous variations, and can therefore cause many documents not to be retrieved although being relevant. For example, myeloid leukaemia cells and myeloid and erythoid cell are two occurrences of myeloid cell which cannot be detected without an account of local morpho-syntactic variations.

In this paper, we present a linguistic analysis of the observed variations and a three-tier constraint-based formalism for representing them. This technique has been implemented and results in FASTR, a natural language processing tool that extracts terms and their variants from full-text documents. We justify the choice of a unification-based formalism by its expressivity and by the addition of conceptual and computational devices which make the parser computationally tractable. Contrary to the generally accepted idea, high quality natural language processing through unification and industrial requirements can fit together, provided that the application is carefully designed in order to control and minimize data accesses and computation times.

The effectiveness of FASTR for extracting correct occurrences is supported by experiments on two English corpora of scientific abstracts and a list of 71,623 controlled terms. We report that an account of three kinds of variants (insertions, permutations and coordinations) increases recall by 16.7% without altering precision.
THALAMIC ACTIVITY IN STUPOR (1951)

Journal Article THALAMIC ACTIVITY IN STUPOR Get access DENIS WILLIAMS, DENIS WILLIAMS St. George's HospitalLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERALD PARSONS-SMITH GERALD PARSONS-SMITH St. George's HospitalLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 74, Issue 4, December 1951, Pages 377–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/74.4.377 Published: 01 December 1951
Trench power MOSFET lowside switch with optimized integrated Schottky diode (2004)

This work investigates the device and circuit performance of an integrated MOSFET-Schottky diode solution for lowside switching, or synchronous rectifier, applications. The integrated diode structure is a trench MOS barrier Schottky (TMBS) device, and the area of the TMBS structure, as a ratio of the total active area, was the independent variable in this study, ranging from zero to 50%. The results of both simulation and experiments show that there is an optimum contribution of TMBS area which maximizes the performance of the integrated device. Initially, the results provided a strong correlation between TMBS contribution, diode recovery characteristics, and DC-DC converter efficiency. However, a closer examination of the underlying, device level current distribution waveforms, as well as the power loss mechanisms in the converter, reveal a more complex interaction of the TMBS structure and the MOSFET. It is only in the context of this analysis, that useful device design insight can be extracted.
FM interference suppression in spread spectrum communications using time-varying autoregressive model based instantaneous frequency estimation (1999)

In case of a strong frequency modulated interference in a spread spectrum communication system, the interference can be effectively suppressed by applying a time-varying notch filter with its zero(s) placed at an instantaneous frequency (IF) estimate of the interference. In this paper, we present the use of a time-varying autoregressive model based IF estimator in such a scenario. We model the received signal with an autoregressive model whose coefficients are time-varying and modeled as a combination of a set of known functions of time. The IF of the interference is estimated from the model. It is demonstrated that this method provides superior performance compared to using a time-frequency distribution. The comparison reveals that the Wigner-Ville distribution peak based IF estimator suffers drawbacks such that its filtering gain is limited.
Automating Morphological Profiling with Generic Deep Convolutional Networks (2016)

Abstract Morphological profiling aims to create signatures of genes, chemicals and diseases from microscopy images. Current approaches use classical computer vision-based segmentation and feature extraction. Deep learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks such as classification and segmentation. We propose to transfer activation features of generic deep convolutional networks to extract features for morphological profiling. Our approach surpasses currently used methods in terms of accuracy and processing speed. Furthermore, it enables fully automated processing of microscopy images without need for single cell identification.
Characterization of cDNA encoding mouse DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and high-level expression of the wild-type and mutant proteins in E. coli (1992)

A mouse cDNA clone encoding O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), responsible for repair of mutagenic O6-alkylguanine in DNA, was cloned from a lambda gt11 library. On the basis of an open reading frame in cDNA, the mouse protein contains 211 amino acids with a molecular mass of 22 kDa. The size and the predicted N-terminal sequence of the mouse protein were confirmed experimentally. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse MGMT is 70% homologous to that of the human MGMT. Cysteine-149 was shown to be the only alkyl acceptor residue in the mouse protein, in confirmation of the prediction based on conserved sequences of different MGMTs. Mouse MGMT protein is recognized by some monoclonal antibodies specific for human MGMT. Site-directed mutagenesis was utilized to reclone the mouse cDNA in a T7 promoter-based vector for overexpression of the native repair protein in Escherichia coli. The mouse protein has a tetrapeptide sequence, Pro-Glu-Gly-Val at positions 56-59, absent in the human protein. Neither deletion of this tetrapeptide nor substitution of valine-169 with alanine affected the activity of the mutant proteins.
Uncovering disease-disease relationships through the incomplete interactome (2015)

According to the disease module hypothesis, the cellular components associated with a disease segregate in the same neighborhood of the human interactome, the map of biologically relevant molecular interactions. Yet, given the incompleteness of the interactome and the limited knowledge of disease-associated genes, it is not obvious if the available data have sufficient coverage to map out modules associated with each disease. Here we derive mathematical conditions for the identifiability of disease modules and show that the network-based location of each disease module determines its pathobiological relationship to other diseases. For example, diseases with overlapping network modules show significant coexpression patterns, symptom similarity, and comorbidity, whereas diseases residing in separated network neighborhoods are phenotypically distinct. These tools represent an interactome-based platform to predict molecular commonalities between phenotypically related diseases, even if they do not share primary disease genes.
The Italian-African Institute (Instituto Italo-Africano, Iia) (1978)

The Italian-African Institute is the oldest Italian organisation concerned with Africa, and it is a public agency acting under the sponsorship of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its headquarters are in Rome - Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16, 00197 Rome - and it has eight regional and provincial branches, including those in Turin, Naples, Bologna, Bari and Reggio Calabria. Its beginnings were in the former ‘Italian Institute for Africa’, founded in 1906, and it carries out the same kind of work but extended and expanded. Its aims include spreading knowledge about Africa and its problems, and forming closer links and friendly cooperation between Italy and Africa.
Use of Dynamic Drillstring Simulator for RPM and Bottomhole Assembly Optimisation (1989)

ABSTRACT This paper continues earlier works [1,2] on implementing dynamic stability theory to develop a drillstring simulator predicting the occurrence of rapidly growing lateral vibrations as a consequence of axially induced excitations. The analyses center on the calculations of stable ranges of rotary speeds for a given set of drillstring parameters and are presented in the form of "severity" versus rotary speed (RPM) plots. The critical RPMs, which correspond to the rapidly growing lateral vibrations, are pinpointed by the appearance of peaks on the severity plots. The parametric studies have been carried out to reveal the influence of the drillpipe and bottomhole assembly (BHA) designs as well as various excitation mechanisms on the drillstring dynamic stability. INTRODUCTION The analysis of drilling records indicates that drillstring failures account for the second greatest category of drilling trouble time following hole problems. This can include failures of drillpipe and collars, as well as bits and even jars. Statistically, three-fourths of all BHA failures occur within the last engaged thread section of drill collars [3]. With resultant loss of rig time, often with fishing operations, an extra three percent of added drilling costs is not inconceivable. These failures may occur due to fatigue accelerated by severe vibrations of the drillstring and therefore, adequate modelling of drillstring vibrations is essential for the prediction and prevention of such failures. These dynamic analyses complement the better known static studies of torque-drag mechanisms which are useful for directional, extended reach, and horizontal drilling applications [4,5]. Considerable work has been carried out in various aspects of drillstring dynamics. These have been mainly concerned either with the modelling of transient vibrations [6,7] or with the studies of axial, lateral and torsional natural excitations [e.g. 8,9,10]. The purpose of this paper is to complement these studies by presenting results of the model [1,2] which considers the interaction between axial and lateral vibrations of the drillstring and predicts the onset of rapidly growing lateral vibrations under certain conditions known as parametric resonance. The attraction of the model is largly due to its "discrimination" against some of the more critical natural frequencies via the notion of "severity" which physically stands for the rate of amplitude growth of lateral vibrations in the state of parametric resonance. Indeed, to determine critical rotary speeds at which rapidly growing drillstring vibrations occur, the conventional approach has been based on the calculation of natural frequencies in axial, lateral, and torsional modes neglecting the interaction between them (in particular that which exists between axial and lateral vibrations). Since the drillstring is usually long, the spectrum of the natural frequencies is closely packed. This effect is particularly pronounced for lateral vibrations where the natural frequencies are close to each other.
Sulfoxide analogs of dihydro- and tetrahydroprephenate as inhibitors of prephenate dehydratase (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfoxide analogs of dihydro- and tetrahydroprephenate as inhibitors of prephenate dehydrataseJohn H. Bushweller and Paul A. BartlettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 10, 2404–2409Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00271a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of circular silicon pressure sensors with a center boss for very low pressure measurement (1989)

A characteristics simulation method of circular silicon-diaphragm piezoresistive pressure sensors was developed to obtain accurate sensors for very-low-pressure measurement. The anisotropic stress-strain relationship of a silicon single-crystal plate and the nonlinear characteristics of silicon piezoresistive gauges were considered. Nonlinear deflection and strain formulas of circular silicon diaphragm sensors with a center boss and sensors with a center boss and ribs were derived by taking the effects of the large deflection and the support stiffness of the diaphragms into account. Based on these considerations, the characteristics of the sensors were simulated. The simulated results show good agreement with the observed results and indicate that output voltage can be greatly increased while maintaining low nonlinearity even in the low-pressure range by narrowing the rib width and thinning the diaphragm thickness of sensors with a center boss and ribs. This is because the rib strain that produces output voltage is increased while maintaining small deflection by using this type of sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a microwave design program for undergraduate engineering (1989)

The author describes an approach to the problem of educating microwave engineers which relies on computer-aided engineering (CAE). A two-course sequence is described, and illustrated with design examples. The two courses comprising the microwave program are senior design electives. They have as their foundation courses in circuit theory, electromagnetic fields, and transmission lines. In broad terms, the circuit design course covers basic RF and microwave components which are simulated on a computer using professional quality CAE software (TOUCHSTONE). One design from this course is then selected for completion in the second course. Computer-aided drafting software (MiCAD) is used to make the physical layout for the fabrication of a microstrip circuit. The completed component is evaluated in a test laboratory using a vector network analyzer. A special effort has been made to introduce students to modern design methods and test equipment that are standard in the industry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Colorimetric Determination of Aliphatic α-Nitrohydroxy Compounds (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric Determination of Aliphatic α-Nitrohydroxy CompoundsL. R. Jones and J. A. RiddickCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 2, 254–255Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60110a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60110a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Plasma Clearance and Urinary Excretion of Parenterally Administered 58Co B12 (1956)

Abstract Intravenous injections of 1.5 µg. of 58Co B12 were given to subjects with normal serum B12 concentrations, to patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and to patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. The rate of plasma clearance of radioactivity after this dose was slowest in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and patients with pernicious anemia in severe relapse. In patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, serum B12 concentrations were estimated microbiologically at frequent intervals after the injection. There was a good correlation between the results obtained by microbiological assay and as calculated from plasma radioactivity. Significant differences were not observed between the urinary excretion of radioactivity by normal subjects and patients with B12 deficiency.
Arrays of objects (2007)

This paper discusses key design decisions faced by a language design team while adding Object Oriented language features to Dyalog, a modern dialect of APL. Although classes and interfaces are first-class language elements in the new language, and arrays can both contain and be contained by objects, arrays are not objects. The use of object oriented features is optional, and users can elect to remain entirely in the functional and array paradigms of traditional APL. The choice of arrays as a "higher" level of organization allows APL's elegant notation for array manipulation to extend smoothly to arrays of objects.
Resonant-cavity-enhanced <i>pin</i> photodetector with 17 GHzbandwidth-efficiency product (1994)

The addition of a resonant optical cavity to a photodetector enhances the quantum efficiency of the detector over a narrow wavelength range. The authors have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated resonant-cavity-enhanced GaAs pin photodetectors with near-unity quantum efficiency at 812 nm and transit-limited bandwidths of ~17 GHz.
Flexible laminates for use in EMI shielding applications (1988)

The shielding effectiveness of foil laminates is examined, and the choice of substrate material is discussed. Applications of foil laminate are described. These range from shielding an individual component, to enclosing a piece of equipment. to shielding an entire building.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post genomic era (2006)

The discovery of new metal-based antitumour drugs, whether cisplatin derivatives or those based on other metals, has been largely based on cell viability assays (IC50 values) and compounds that bind to DNA. This approach has been applied for more than 30 years during which time very few new drugs have entered clinical use. In this article we discuss what the future holds for metal-based drugs, in particular anti-metastasis drugs, in these enlightened times of the post genomic era.
Ion emission from ferroelectric media (1992)

Field ion emission from flat polar surfaces of ferroelectric crystals is predicted. Fast reorientation of the polar axis of such crystals may produce surface electrostatic fields of about 108 V cm−1. The induced nonequilibrium charge may be screened by ion emission. The experimental conditions under which various kinds of ion emission may be observed are discussed.
Know Yourself and Know Your Enemy: An Analysis of Firm Recommendations and Consumer Reviews in a Competitive Environment1 (2014)

Reviews and product recommendations at online stores enable customers to readily evaluate alternative products prior to purchase. In this context, firms generate recommendations referring customers to a wider variety of products. They also display customer-generated online reviews in order to facilitate evaluation of those recommended products. This study integrates these two IT artifacts to investigate consumer choice vis-à-vis competing products. We use a dataset we collected from Amazon.com consisting of books, sales ranks, recommendations, reviews, and reviewers. We derive the granular impact of reviews, product referrals, and reviewer opinions on product sale dynamics within a competitive market using comprehensive econometric analyses.
CID3: an extension of ID3 for attributes with ordered domains (1991)

Quinlan's ID3 is a popular and efficient algorithm for inducing decision trees from concept examples, where the examples are presented as vectors of attribute-value pairs. If some attributes have integer or real domains ID3 tends to generate very complex decision trees. This is due to: (1) an attribute selection heuristic biased towards attributes with domains of large cardinality (2) strong constraints (bias) imposed on decision trees generated and (3) the fact that ID3 does not distinguish between attributes with unordered domains and attributes with linearly ordered (integer or real) domains. ID3- IV and GID3 address the first and second problem respectively. We propose CID3, a generalization of GID3, which addresses the third problem. These algorithms are compared with respect to five criteria for decision tree quality and computational efficiency. The test domain consists of normal and abnormal electrocardiograms (ECGs) described mainly by integer and real attributes. CID3, which implements the weakest bias and uses the most domain knowledge,\ngenerates a superior quality decision tree for the ECGs.
Reconfigurable Anisotropic Coatings via Magnetic Field‐Directed Assembly and Translocation of Locking Magnetic Chains (2014)

A method for the generation of remotely reconfigurable anisotropic coatings is developed. To form these coatings, locking magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs) made of a superparamagnetic core and a two‐component polymer shell are employed. Two different polymers form phase‐separated coaxial shells. The outer shell provides repulsive interactions between the LMNPs while the inner shell exerts attractive forces between the particles. Applying a non‐uniform magnetic field, one gathers the particles together, pushing them to come in contact when the internal shells could effectively hold the particles together. When the magnetic field is turned off, the particles remain locked due to these strong interactions between internal shells. The shells are thus made stimuli‐responsive, so this locking can be made reversible and the chains can be disintegrated on demand. In a non‐uniform magnetic field, the assembled chains translocate, bind to the solid substrate and form anisotropic coatings with a “locked” anisotropic structure. The coatings can be constructed, aligned, realigned, degraded, and generated again on demand by changing the magnetic field and particle environment. The mechanism of the coating formation is explained using experimental observations and a theoretical model.