gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Cancer Cell Metastasis Into the Pancreas (2005)

Pancreatic metastasis from RCC is rare but can occur even more than 20 years after primary tumor manifestation. Our results show that pancreatic resections for metastasis can be performed safely with a low rate of complications. Patients with a history of RCC should undergo a long-term follow-up to detect and evaluate for pancreatic metastases as well for metastasis to other organ sites.
Efficient Model-Free Anthropometry from Depth Data (2017)

Existing depth-based approaches to predicting anthropometric measurements, such as body height, arm span and hip circumference, either directly compute the measurements on 3D point clouds, and thus are sensitive to noise, or fit a model to the observed depth values, which typically is time-consuming. In this paper, we rely on the intuition that, to predict a specific anthropometric measurement, one does not need to have detailed information about the entire body shape. We therefore introduce an approach to anthropometry based on a random regression forest trained from local depth cues. The local predictions are then accumulated into one global, image-level anthropometric measurement prediction. We introduce a forest refinement scheme, whose objective function directly relies on both the image-level prediction, as well as on the local predictions' reliability. The resulting approach has the advantage of being both computationally highly efficient and accurate.
A Single-letter Upper Bound for the Sum Rate of Multiple Access Channels with Correlated Sources (2006)

The capacity region of the multiple access channel with arbitrarily correlated sources remains an open problem. Cover, El Gamal and Salehi gave an achievable region in the form of single-letter entropy and mutual information expressions, without a single-letter converse. Cover, El Gamal and Salehi also gave a converse in terms of some n-letter mutual informations, which are incomputable. In this paper, we derive an upper bound for the sum rate of this channel in a single-letter expression by using spectrum analysis. The incomputability of the sum rate of Cover, El Gamal and Salehi scheme comes from the difficulty of characterizing the possible joint distributions for the n-letter channel inputs. Here we introduce a new data processing inequality, which leads to a single-letter necessary condition for these possible joint distributions. We develop a single-letter upper bound for the sum rate by using this single-letter necessary condition on the possible joint distributions.
Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Models for Providers of Critical Infrastructure (2014)

IntroductionThe critical infrastructures that make our way of life possible are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attack. These critical infrastructures are defined as assets or systems required for the security and well being of citizens, including systems to produce and distribute water, electricity, and fuel, and communication networks (Public Safety Canada, 2009; Yusta et
Energy-minimizing splines in manifolds (2004)

Variational interpolation in curved geometries has many applications, so there has always been demand for geometrically meaningful and efficiently computable splines in manifolds. We extend the definition of the familiar cubic spline curves and splines in tension, and we show how to compute these on parametric surfaces, level sets, triangle meshes, and point samples of surfaces. This list is more comprehensive than it looks, because it includes variational motion design for animation, and allows the treatment of obstacles via barrier surfaces. All these instances of the general concept are handled by the same geometric optimization algorithm, which minimizes an energy of curves on surfaces of arbitrary dimension and codimension.
Energy scavenging sources for biomedical sensors (2009)

Energy scavenging has increasingly become an interesting option for powering electronic devices because of the almost infinite lifetime and the non-dependence on fuels for energy generation. Moreover, the rise of wireless technologies promises new applications in medical monitoring systems, but these still face limitations due to battery lifetime and size. A trade-off of these two factors has typically governed the size, useful life and capabilities of an autonomous system. Energy generation from sources such as motion, light and temperature gradients has been established as commercially viable alternatives to batteries for human-powered flashlights, solar calculators, radio receivers and thermal-powered wristwatches, among others. Research on energy harvesting from human activities has also addressed the feasibility of powering wearable or implantable systems. Biomedical sensors can take advantage of human-based activities as the energy source for energy scavengers. This review describes the state of the art of energy scavenging technologies for powering sensors and instrumentation of physiological variables. After a short description of the human power and the energy generation limits, the different transduction mechanisms, recent developments and challenges faced are reviewed and discussed.
Physicochemical Characterization of Silicalite-1 Nanophase Material (1998)

A silicalite-1 nanophase material with an elementary particle size of 18−100 nm is synthesized from clear solution and isolated and purified using supercentrifugation. The nanopowder is characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, attenuated force microscopy, 29Si magic angle spinning NMR, 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning NMR, X-ray diffraction, dinitrogen physisorption, and thermogravimetric analysis and compared with micrometer-sized silicalite-1. The nanosized and micrometer-sized materials have many common properties including the refined structure and the nature and concentrations of tetrapropylammonium species incorporated during the synthesis. Unique properties of the nanophase are a splitting of the characteristic framework vibration at 550 cm-1 into a doublet at 555 and 570 cm-1, a high concentration of defect sites, and a strain in the crystallites along the “a” crystallographic direction. The nanophase exhibits a two-stage dinitrogen physisorption in the low-pressure region, ascribed to adsorptions in micropores created by the stacking of the nanoparticles in addition to adsorptions in the intracrystalline micropores.
Diagnosis for scan-based BIST: reaching deep into the signatures (2001)

For partitioning-based diagnosis in a scan-based BIST environment, an exact analysis scheme, capable of identifying all scan cells that receive incorrect data, is proposed. In contrast to previously suggested approaches, the scheme we propose identifies all failing scan cells with no ambiguity whatsoever. Not only do we resolve failing scan cells unambiguously, but we do so at the earliest possible instance through reexamination of already computed signatures. Intensive utilization of this highly precise diagnostic state information leads to prognostic information regarding the usefulness of running upcoming tests which in turn leads to reductions in diagnosis time in excess of 30% compared to previous approaches.
Study on the temperature sensing capability of a light-emitting diode (1997)

A study on the temperature sensing capability of a light-emitting diode (LED) has been made. Dependence of I–V characteristics as a function of temperature is used as a temperature sensing mechanism. It is found that the temperature voltage characteristics of a GaP LED are quite linear from 77 to 533 K. The measured sensitivity of the diode is 5.31 mV/K at 1 pA and is 2.34 mV/K at 0.1 mA. Since the reverse saturation current of LED is less than fempto-ampere range, it is possible to operate the thermometer at low currents, as compared to silicon or germanium diode thermometers, which reduce power dissipation in the device. It has been possible to extend the temperature range to higher value due to large value of band gap for LEDs.
EASE-a software integration tool and user interface (2002)

The Enhanced Aizu Standard Environment (EASE) is designed to provide a new user with a powerful and comfortable initial working environment. Design features include: a sample screen layout, interactive customization, support for organizing data in the user's home directory, and centralization of definitions not in control of the user; thus making changes in the system configuration-transparent. EASE enables system administrators to install new tools and make configuration changes without requiring actions from the user. This enables users to take quick advantage of new features of the system. By providing an organization scheme for the user's home directory, installation procedures for private software can be standardized. New applications made available by the user community can be rapidly integrated into the shared portion of the environment, thus greatly simplifying assistance and maintenance, and encouraging rapid communication of software development achievements. This paper presents some of the design principles and implementation aspects, and describes reactions from and acceptance by the user community.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast magnetic resonance force microscopy with Hadamard encoding (2007)

We present a spatial encoding technique for magnetic resonance force microscopy that allows for a much enhanced image acquisition rate. The technique uses multiplexing, based on spatial Hadamard encoding, to acquire several slices of the image simultaneously and at an undiminished signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate an improvement in imaging time by a factor of 7.6, and further advances can be expected.
A SONET STS-3c user network interface IC (2002)

The STS-3c user network interface IC transmits and receives a SONET (synchronous optical network) STS-3c signal at 155.52 Mb/s. In addition to payload insertion and recovery, this 1- mu m CMOS IC scrambles the serial STS-3c line signal, performs SONET payload pointer processing, and provides several error performance monitoring functions. Test results show successful performance at data rates of up to 300 Mb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proxy caching for wireless multimedia streaming (2005)

In this paper, we propose a bi-directional proxy streaming (BPS) scheme for caching the streaming video data in wireless base stations to improve the quality of wireless video streaming services. Our novel data caching method not only provides finer granularity of caching units to allow more effective cache replacement, but also offers a unique and natural way of handling the interactive VCR functions for video streaming. We further propose a cache replacement policy that uses sliding history window and tunable distributed victimization strategy to manage the cached video data in accordance with different QoS requirements of wireless video streaming services. The results of our performance study demonstrate that our BPS scheme outperforms the existing proxy caching schemes in terms of two commonly used QoS metrics, byte-hit ratio and delayed starts.
<title>Pointing and tracking software for the Gemini 8-m Telescopes</title> (1997)

The Gemini telescope control system (TCS) uses an integrated pointing/tracking scheme, based on the 'virtual telescope' (VT) concept, but extended to encompass autoguiding and control of the chopping secondary (M2). The TCS treats each autoguider probe as a separate VT, with a different target from the main telescope (namely a guidestar instead of a science source), different color, flexure and so on. The constraint that both the guider VT and the main-telescope VT share one mount (Az,El) enables the (x,y) of the guidestar image to be predicted. Comparisons between the predicted and measured (x,y) positions enable the guiding system to generate rapid adjustments to M2 tip/tilt, taking out windshake as well as other tracking errors. The TCS monitors M2 tip/tilt and adjusts the mount pointing as required, preventing unwanted buildup of M2 offset. Independent control of M2, to accomplish rapid scans while smoothly tracking the (Az,El) mount for example, is provided by having separate 'mount' and 'source' VTs. In this case, the constraint that there is only one mount (Az, El) enables the M2 tip/tilt to be determined which will place the target image in the required place. Chopping is done by implementing the different chop states as different VTs all running in parallel. The TCS is oblivious to the use being made of the different M2 tip/tilts that the different chop states call for, that being left to the various subsystems. The Gemini plan calls for five VTs (two permanent guide detectors and one on-instrument, plus the mount and target VTs), and all but the mount VT support three chop states. Operating at rate of 20 Hz, this means that the entire pointing calculation has to be performed 260 times per second, and some care has been taken to organize the computations efficiently.
eNOS gene transfer to vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits cell proliferation via upregulation of p27 and p21 and not apoptosis (2000)

eNOS gene transfer to vascular SMCs inhibits cell proliferation via upregulation of p27 and p21 resulting in a delay in cell cycle progression.
Activation of miR-31 function in already-established metastases elicits metastatic regression (2011)

Distant metastases, rather than the primary tumors from which these lesions arise, are responsible for >90% of carcinoma-associated mortality. Many patients already harbor disseminated tumor cells in their bloodstream, bone marrow, and distant organs when they initially present with cancer. Hence, truly effective anti-metastatic therapeutics must impair the proliferation and survival of already-established metastases. Here, we assess the therapeutic potential of acutely expressing the microRNA miR-31 in already-formed breast cancer metastases. Activation of miR-31 in established metastases elicits metastatic regression and prolongs survival. Remarkably, even brief induction of miR-31 in macroscopic pulmonary metastases diminishes metastatic burden. In contrast, acute miR-31 expression fails to affect primary mammary tumor growth. miR-31 triggers metastatic regression in the lungs by eliciting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; these responses occur specifically in metastases and can be explained by miR-31-mediated suppression of integrin-α5, radixin, and RhoA. Indeed, concomitant re-expression of these three proteins renders already-seeded pulmonary metastases refractory to miR-31-conferred regression. Upon miR-31 activation, Akt-dependent signaling is attenuated and the proapoptotic molecule Bim is induced; these effects occur in a metastasis-specific manner in pulmonary lesions and are abrogated by concurrent re-expression of integrin-α5, radixin, and RhoA. Collectively, these findings raise the possibility that intervention strategies centered on restoring miR-31 function may prove clinically useful for combating metastatic disease.
Writing the Nagas: A British officers’ ethnographic tradition (1994)

(1994). Writing the Nagas: A British officers’ ethnographic tradition. History and Anthropology: Vol. 8, No. 1-4, pp. 55-88.
CD4 T Cells Promote Rather than Control Tuberculosis in the Absence of PD-1–Mediated Inhibition (2010)

Although CD4 T cells are required for host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, they may also contribute to pathology. In this study, we examine the role of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 during M. tuberculosis infection. After aerosol exposure, PD-1 knockout (KO) mice develop high numbers of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells but display markedly increased susceptibility to infection. Importantly, we show that CD4 T cells themselves drive the increased bacterial loads and pathology seen in infected PD-1 KO mice, and PD-1 deficiency in CD4 T cells is sufficient to trigger early mortality. PD-L1 KO mice also display enhanced albeit less severe susceptibility, indicating that T cells are regulated by multiple PD ligands during M. tuberculosis infection. M. tuberculosis-specific CD8 T cell responses were normal in PD-1 KO mice, and CD8 T cells only had a minor contribution to the exacerbated disease in the M. tuberculosis-infected PD-1 KO and PD-L1 KO mice. Thus, in the absence of the PD-1 pathway, M. tuberculosis benefits from CD4 T cell responses, and host resistance requires inhibition by PD-1 to prevent T cell-driven exacerbation of the infection.
<i>Brochothrix thermosphacta</i>Bacteriophages Feature Heterogeneous and Highly Mosaic Genomes and Utilize Unique Prophage Insertion Sites (2010)

Brochothrix belongs to the low-GC branch of Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes), closely related to Listeria, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Bacillus. Brochothrix thermosphacta is a nonproteolytic food spoilage organism, adapted to growth in vacuum-packaged meats. We report the first genome sequences and characterization of Brochothrix bacteriophages. Phage A9 is a myovirus with an 89-nm capsid diameter and a 171-nm contractile tail; it belongs to the Spounavirinae subfamily and shares significant homologies with Listeria phage A511, Staphylococcus phage Twort, and others. The A9 unit genome is 127 kb long with 11-kb terminal redundancy; it encodes 198 proteins and 6 tRNAs. Phages BL3 and NF5 are temperate siphoviruses with a head diameter of 56 to 59 nm. The BL3 tail is 270 nm long, whereas NF5 features a short tail of only 94 nm. The NF5 genome (36.95 kb) encodes 57 gene products, BL3 (41.52 kb) encodes 65 products, and both are arranged in life cycle-specific modules. Surprisingly, BL3 and NF5 show little relatedness to Listeria phages but rather demonstrate relatedness to lactococcal phages. Peptide mass fingerprinting of viral proteins indicate programmed -1 translational frameshifts in the NF5 capsid and the BL3 major tail protein. Both NF5 and BL3 feature circularly permuted, terminally redundant genomes, packaged by a headful mechanism, and integrases of the serine (BL3) and tyrosine (NF5) types. They utilize unique target sequences not previously described: BL3 inserts into the 3' end of a RNA methyltransferase, whereas NF5 integrates into the 5'-terminal part of a putative histidinol-phosphatase. Interestingly, both genes are reconstituted by phage sequence.
Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide improves the oxygenation and ventilation of infants and children with acute, hypoxemic respiratory failure (1999)

Inhaled nitric oxide at doses of < or =5 ppm improves the oxygenation and (to a lesser extent) ventilation of most children with acute, hypoxic respiratory failure. The unpredictable response of patients necessitates individualized dosing of inhaled nitric oxide, starting at concentrations of < or =1 ppm. Inhaled nitric oxide at < or =20 ppm may exert a small salutary effect on bronchial tone. The benefits of prolonged inhaled nitric oxide remain unknown.
New sources of high-power coherent radiation (1984)

Recent progress in novel techniques for generating high-power coherent radiation promises to make available sources with a variety of new and exciting applications. Interestingly, the new techniques have more in common with those used in the earliest sources of coherent radiation—the various microwave generators—than with those used in the more recent optical lasers. Development of new sources based on these techniques is proceeding rapidly at research centers around the world, because the new sources have a great potential for extending the currently available range of wavelengths and levels of power, while maintaining high operating efficiencies. The areas of application that stand to benefit include spectroscopy, advanced accelerators, short-wavelength radar, and plasma heating in fusion reactors.
Preliminary tests of antiviral activity of two Inonotus obliquus strains. (1996)

Tests of the antiviral activity of I. obliquus grown in alder and birch was carried out against human influenza viruses A and B and horse influenza viruses A (strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, A/Equine2, B/Yamagata/16/18). The black, thin external surface of fungus grown in birch had complete inhibition (100%) against all influenza viruses. The antiviral activity is thought to be mainly due to betulin, lupeol and mycosterols.
Student Suicide and College Administrators: A Perceptual Gap (1975)

One-third of college student deaths are the result of suicide and the rate is rising. The extent of the problem and warning signals have been well documented. This research study hypothesized a gap between published fact and administrator perception of the student suicide problem. A random survey of deans of students in California suggests considerable ignorance and/or apathy. A major implication is that college personnel, with the power to provide help for desperate students, must first recognize the need.
Microseismic source imaging in a compressed domain (2014)

A R Y Microseismic monitoring is an essential tool for the characterization of hydraulic fractures. Fast estimation of the parameters that define a microseismic event is relevant to understand and control fracture development. The amount of data contained in the microseismic records however, poses a challenge for fast continuous detection and evaluation of the microseismic source parameters. Work inspired by the emerging field of Compressive Sensing has showed that it is possible to evaluate source parameters in a compressed domain, thereby reducing processing time. This technique performs well in scenarios where the amplitudes of the signal are above the noise level, as is often the case in microseismic monitoring using downhole tools. This paper extends the idea of the compressed domain processing to scenarios of microseismic monitoring using surface arrays, where the signal amplitudes are commonly at the same level as, or below, the noise amplitudes. To achieve this, we resort to the use of an imaging operator, which has previously been found to produce better results in detection and location of microseismic events from surface arrays. The operator in our method is formed by full-waveform elastodynamic Green's functions that are band-limited by a source time function and represented in the frequency domain. Where full-waveform Green's functions are not available, ray tracing can also be used to compute the required Green's functions. Additionally, we introduce the concept of the compressed inverse, which derives directly from the compression of the migration operator using a random matrix. The described methodology reduces processing time at a cost of introducing distortions into the results. However, the amount of distortion can be managed by controlling the level of compression applied to the operator. Numerical experiments using synthetic and real data demonstrate the reductions in processing time that can be achieved and exemplify the process of selecting the compression rate that produces a tolerable amount of distortion into the results.