gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of pretilt angle on the topography of substrate in liquid crystal alignment brought about by rubbing technique (1994)

It was found that the pretilt angle of a liquid crystal alignment brought about using the rubbing technique depends upon the surface topography of substrate. The presence of small projections on the substrate was found to increase the pretilt angle of a liquid crystal alignment. It was found that the pretilt angle depends upon the projection shape and its relationship with the rubbing direction.
Studies on a New Method of Simultaneously Removing Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen from Combustion Gases (1967)

Simultaneous reduction of SO2 and NO by catalyzed reaction with carbon monoxide at space rates approaching 104 vol/vol/hr has been shown. The reaction of sulfur dioxide with carbon monoxide results in the formation of carbon dioxide and elemental sulfur. Nitric oxide reacts with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide and molecular nitrogen. Metals supported on alumina appear to be the preferred catalysts. Among the effective metals are copper, silver, and palladium. A side reaction of carbon monoxide with elemental sulfur to form carbonyl sulfide requires that the initial amount of carbon monoxide be stoichio-metric for the amount of sulfur dioxide plus nitric oxide present. A furnace employing this method would have to be operated at low excess air, near stoichiometric fuel/air, or possibly slightly on the rich side.
Structure and chromosomal localization of the human constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (1993)

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase is a unique NO synthase isoform that is expressed constitutively by vascular endothelium both in vivo and in vitro and is believed essential to local vascular homeostasis. This calcium/calmodulin-dependent isoform is distinct from neuronal NO synthase. Genomic clones encoding the human endothelial NO synthase were isolated and the structural organization of the gene was determined. The gene contains 26 exons spanning approximately 21 kilobases of genomic DNA, encodes a messenger RNA of 4052 nucleotides, and is present as a single copy in the haploid human genome. Characterization of 5'-flanking genomic regions indicates that the endothelial NO synthase promoter is "TATA-less" and exhibits proximal promoter elements consistent with a constitutively expressed gene that is found in endothelial cells, namely Sp1 and GATA motifs. The 5'-flanking region contains putative AP-1, AP-2, NF-1, heavy metal, acute-phase response shear stress, and sterol-regulatory cis-elements. The human endothelial NO synthase gene was assigned to the 7q35-->7q36 region of chromosome 7 by Southern blot hybridization of human-rodent somatic cell hybrid lines and fluorescence in situ hybridization, whereas human neuronal NO synthase localized to the 12q24.2 region of chromosome 12.
Cartilage biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis: Relationship to clinical variables and treatment response (2005)

In AS, elevated serum levels of CPII and the 846 epitope may be related to biosynthetic turnover of hyaline cartilage and the intervertebral discs but may also reflect progressive bone formation as a result of endochondral ossification. The correlation of the CPII:C2C ratio with CRP suggests that the CPII:C2C ratio might prove to be a useful marker of disease activity in AS.
Shear stress during early embryonic stem cell differentiation promotes hematopoietic and endothelial phenotypes (2012)

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a potential source for cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, but their translation into clinical use will require efficient and robust methods for promoting differentiation. Fluid shear stress, which can be readily incorporated into scalable bioreactors, may be one solution for promoting endothelial and hematopoietic phenotypes from ESCs. Here we applied laminar shear stress to differentiating ESCs using a 2D adherent parallel plate configuration to systematically investigate the effects of several mechanical parameters. Treatment similarly promoted endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation for shear stress magnitudes ranging from 1.5 to 15 dyne/cm(2) and for cells seeded on collagen-, fibronectin- or laminin-coated surfaces. Extension of the treatment duration consistently induced an endothelial response, but application at later stages of differentiation was less effective at promoting hematopoietic phenotypes. Furthermore, inhibition of the FLK1 protein (a VEGF receptor) neutralized the effects of shear stress, implicating the membrane protein as a critical mediator of both endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation by applied shear. Using a systematic approach, studies such as these help elucidate the mechanisms involved in force-mediated stem cell differentiation and inform scalable bioprocesses for cellular therapies.
Ubiquitous Non-Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks in Nanowire Devices (2019)

We perform tunneling measurements on indium antimonide nanowire-superconductor hybrid devices fabricated for the studies of Majorana bound states. At finite magnetic field, resonances that strongly resemble Majorana bound states, including zero-bias pinning, become common to the point of ubiquity. Since Majorana bound states are predicted in only a limited parameter range in nanowire devices, we seek an alternative explanation for the observed zero-bias peaks. With the help of a self-consistent Poission-Schrödinger multiband model developed in parallel, we identify several families of trivial subgap states that overlap and interact, giving rise to a crowded spectrum near zero energy and zero-bias conductance peaks in experiments. These findings advance the search for Majorana bound states through improved understanding of broader phenomena found in superconductor-semiconductor systems.
Sparse representation in speech signal processing (2003)

We review the sparse representation principle for processing speech signals. A transformation for encoding the speech signals is learned such that the resulting coefficients are as independent as possible. We use independent component analysis with an exponential prior to learn a statistical representation for speech signals. This representation leads to extremely sparse priors that can be used for encoding speech signals for a variety of purposes. We review applications of this method for speech feature extraction, automatic speech recognition and speaker identification. Furthermore, this method is also suited for tackling the difficult problem of separating two sounds given only a single microphone.
Distributed applications for collaborative augmented reality (2003)

This paper focuses on the distributed architecture of the collaborative augmented reality system Studierstube. The system allows multiple users to experience a shared 3D workspace populated by multiple applications using see-through head mounted displays or other presentation media such as projection systems. The system design is based on a distributed shared scene graph that alleviates the application programmer from explicitly considering distribution, and avoids a separation of graphical and application data. The idea of unifying all system data in the scene graph is taken to its logical consequence by implementing application instances as nodes in the scene graph. Through the distributed shared scene graph mechanism, consistency of scene graph replicas and the contained application nodes is assured. Multi-user 3D widgets allow concurrent interaction with minimal coordination effort from the application. Special interest is paid to migration of application nodes from host to host allowing dynamic workgroup management, such as load balancing, late joining and early exit of hosts, and some firms of ubiquitous computing.
The finite element modelling of laser soldering for electronic assemblies (2002)

Abstract The laser provides a controllable means of supplying localized energy for solder joint formation and is a valuable tool in electronics manufacture. The modelling of heating behaviour in typical structures requires consideration of many different phenomena and the resulting models can become complex. The work described here shows that, given appropriate modelling assumptions, finite element models are able to give accurate predictions of heating in high‐pin count devices as well as a valuable insight into the important factors affecting the success of laser soldering operations. In particular, it is shown here that conduction through the body of the component being soldered does not significantly affect heating of the solder but that variations in copper track thickness can result in a doubling of the required soldering time. In addition, it is shown that conduction through the printed circuit board is important when using a scanned laser beam to solder multiple joints. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of diazepam metabolism in rat hepatic microsomes and hepatocytes and their use in predicting in vivo hepatic clearance (1995)

1. The rates of diazepam (DZ) metabolism to the primary metabolites 3-hydroxydiazepam, 4'-hydroxydiazepam and nordiazepam were studied in vitro using rat hepatic microsomes and hepatocytes. 4'-hydroxydiazepam had the largest intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km ratio, CL(int)) in both microsomes and hepatocytes representing 49 and 70% of total metabolism respectively. Whereas the contribution of 3-hydroxydiazepam was similar in both systems (21-24%), the N-demethylation pathway was greater in microsomes (27%) than hepatocytes (9%). 2. The pharmacokinetics of DZ were determined in vivo using the intraportal route to avoid blood flow limitations due to the high clearance of DZ. No dose dependency was observed in either clearance or steady state volume of distribution, which were estimated to be 38 ml/min/SRW (where SRW is a standard rat weight of 250 g) and 1.3 L/SRW respectively. Blood binding of DZ was concentration independent, the unbound fraction being 0.22. 3. Scaling factors were used to relate the in vitro CL(int) to the in vivo unbound clearance. Hepatocytes (123 ml/min/SRW) produced a more realistic prediction for the in vivo value (174 ml/min/SRW) than microsomes (41 ml/min/SRW). This situation is believed to arise from the quantitative differences in the three metabolic pathways in the two in vitro systems. It is speculated that end product inhibition is responsible for reduced total metabolism in microsomes whereas hepatocytes operate kinetically in a manner close to in vivo.
The 50:50 method for PCR‐based seamless genome editing in yeast (2013)

The ability to edit the yeast genome with relative ease has contributed to the organism being a model eukaryote for decades. Most methods for deleting, inserting or altering genomic sequences require transformation with DNA that carries the desired change and a selectable marker. One-step genome editing methods retain the selectable marker. Seamless genome editing methods require more steps and a marker that can be used for both positive and negative selection, such as URA3. Here we describe the PCR-based 50:50 method for seamless genome editing, which requires only two primers, one PCR with a URA3 cassette, and a single yeast transformation. Our method is based on pop-in/pop-out gene replacement and is amenable to the facile creation of genomic deletions and short insertions or substitutions. We used the 50:50 method to make two conservative loss-of-function mutations in MATα1, with results suggesting that the wild-type gene has a new function outside of that presently known.
Quantum teleportation of light beams (2003)

We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies, and phase fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is $F=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02,$ which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of $0.62.$ By contrast, the projected result based on the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is $0.69.$ The teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion on discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as on the limitations of the current apparatus.
Serial determinations of platelets, leucocytes and coagulation parameters in surgical septicemia. (1985)

The prognostic and therapeutic information obtained by serial determinations of platelets, leucocytes, Normotest (NT), Thrombotest (TT), fibrinogen concentrations and the ethanol gelation test (EGT) was evaluated in 18 surgical patients with septicemia. Nine of these patients died and autopsy revealed a persistent septic focus in all but one. In this last patient only microscopic changes after an intra-abdominal abscess evacuated 14 days prior to death was found. Consecutive platelet counts provided valuable prognostic and therapeutic information during the course of septicemia. Within two weeks after start of therapy, this parameter had returned towards the normal range in the survivors whereas continuous low platelet counts were observed until death in the patients with a persistent septic focus. The initial degrees of thrombocytopenia did not discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. Serial leucocyte counts did not give information of prognostic or therapeutic value in either group during the observation period. NT- and TT-values were significantly lower in the fatal cases than in the survivors during the first week of septicemia. Moreover, TT seemed to be a better early discriminator between survivors and non-survivors than NT. Neither fibrinogen concentrations nor the EGT provided information of prognostic or therapeutic value in this study.
Statistical Properties of Television Signals (1971)

静止画像および動画像に対するテレビ信号を実時間的に処理し, 振幅分布, 1次階差および内挿差の分布に関し測定を行なった.その結果, 振幅分布は画像の種類による依存性が強いのに対し, 1次階差および内挿差の分布は指数分布の形に従うことがわかった.この分布関数を用いると, 1次階差の電力は一様分布と仮定した原テレビ信号より20～24dB減少し, 内挿差の電力はさらに3dB減少していることが判明した.
Bone Strength as a Trait for Assessing Mineralization in Swine: a Critical Review of Techniques Involved (1981)

Lack of standardized test procedures has resulted in considerable variation in reported values for bone strength. Such variation can be attributed in part to the type of instruments used to determine physical properties of bone, procedures used to prepare the bones for testing and equations used to calculate strength. If bone strength is to be used as a major criterion of response in mineral nutrition research, standardization of procedures for measuring and reporting bone strength is essential. Traits that describe the mechanical properties of bone as determined in the commonly used flexure test in which force is applied perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis are bending moment, stress, moment of inertia, strain and modulus of elasticity. Bending moment is a measure of the amount of force withstood by the bone, whereas stress is a measure of force per unit area of bone. Stress allows comparisons to be made between bones that differ in size and shape. The moment of inertia is a measure not only of the area over which the force is applied, but also of the shape in which the area is distributed. Strain is a measure of the amount of bending per unit of length that occurs as the bone is tested. The modulus of elasticity is a measure of the rigidity of the bone or, more simply, is the stress to strain ratio. Instruments that allow the researcher to control the rate of deformation as well as to record the force and deformation are important. Since the modulus of elasticity is affected by the rate of deformation, a standard rate of 5 mm/min is suggested. Differences exist in the mechanical properties of wet and dry bones. Wet bones bend to a greater extent but withstand less ultimate force than dry bones. As little as 10 min exposure to air can result in changes in the mechanical properties of wet bones. Simplification of equations used to calculate stress may yield values that are only a reflection of bending moment if the simplifications do not account for differences in shape or size of the bone. Mechanical properties of bones respond differently to nutritional treatments, and different conclusions can be made, depending upon which trait is used. As bone mineralization increases, maximum stress and bending moment of the bone increase. At a point of optimum mineralization, stress reaches a maximum. Bending moment can increase beyond the point of optimum mineralization if the bone continues to deposit more total minerals. Conclusions about the nutrient requirements affecting bone mineralization should be based on several of the mechanical properties rather than just one.
Thiophene-containing poly(arylene ether ketones). 1. Polymerization of bis(p-fluorobenzoyl)aryl systems with 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiophene-containing poly(arylene ether ketones). 1. Polymerization of bis(p-fluorobenzoyl)aryl systems with 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenolJ. M. DeSimone, S. Stompel, E. T. Samulski, Y. Q. Wang, and A. B. BrennanCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 9, 2546–2550Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00035a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00035a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxic and Anti-HIV-1 Caged Xanthones from the Resin and Fruits of <i>Garcinia hanburyi</i> (2006)

Three new caged xanthones, 7-methoxydesoxymorellin (1), 2-isoprenylforbesione (2) and 8,8a-epoxymorellic acid (3), together with nine known caged xanthones were isolated from the EtOAc extracts of resin and fruits of Garcinia hanburyi. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Most of the isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxicities against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines. Compound 3, together with the known compounds desoxymorellin, morellic acid, gambogic acid, hanburin, forbesione and dihydroisomorellin, exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity in the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay while the known compounds desoxygambogenin and dihydroisomorellin were found moderately active in the syncytium assay. This work represents the first report on the anti-HIV-1 activities of caged xanthones.
궤양성 대장염환자에서 발생한 S자 결장 이물의 내시경적 제거 1예 (2008)

하부 위장관 이물은 상부 위장관 이물보다 드문 질환이다. 염증성 장질환은 하부 위장관 이물의 위험 인자중 하나로 알려져 있다. 염증성 장질환 중 크론병의 경우 협착이 동반되는 경우가 많아 하부 위장관 이물이 발생할 수 있으나 궤양성 대장염에서 하부 위장관 이물과 협착이 동반된 보고는 없다. 52세 남자가 1년 전 외부병원에서 궤양성 대장염으로 진단 후 약물치료로 잘 조절되고 있었으나 내원 2개월 전부터 증상의 악화가 있어 내원하였다. 대장내시경에서 상부 S자 결장에 협착과 이물이 발견되었으며, 복부전산화단층 촬영에서 농양 및 천공이 없어 전신마취와 복강경 감시하에 내시경으로 제거를 하였다. 환자는 이후 증상이 호전되어 퇴원하였다. 궤양성 대장염에서 발생한 대장이물을 내시경으로 제거하여 증상이 호전되었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.
Monoclinic crystal form of<i>Aspergillus niger</i>α-amylase in complex with maltose at 1.8 Å resolution (2006)

Aspergillus niger alpha-amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds in starch. It shows 100% sequence identity to the A. oryzae homologue (also called TAKA-amylase), three crystal structures of which have been published to date. Two of them belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with one molecule per asymmetric unit and one belongs to the monoclinic space group P2(1) with three molecules per asymmetric unit. Here, the purification, crystallization and structure determination of A. niger alpha-amylase crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with two molecules per asymmetric unit in complex with maltose at 1.8 angstroms resolution is reported. Furthermore, a novel 1.6 angstroms resolution orthorhombic crystal form (space group P2(1)2(1)2) of the native enzyme is presented. Four maltose molecules are observed in the maltose-alpha-amylase complex. Three of these occupy active-site subsites -2 and -1, +1 and +2 and the hitherto unobserved subsites +4 (Asp233, Gly234) and +5 (Asp235). The fourth maltose molecule binds at the distant binding sites d1 (Tyr382) and d2 (Trp385), also previously unobserved. Furthermore, it is shown that the active-site groove permits different binding modes of sugar units at subsites +1 and +2. This flexibility of the active-site cleft close to the catalytic centre might be needed for a productive binding of substrate chains and/or release of products.
Implementing a Peer-to-Peer Web Browser for Publishing and Searching Web Pages on Internet (2007)

This paper presents an implementation of a P2P Web browser, called Web2Peer', for publishing web pages on Internet through peer-to-peer networks. The present proposal overcomes the problems involving entities dependency and content availability, by the user side, changing the conventional way used to publish Web pages on Internet. The proposed solution allows anyone who has a computer connected to the Internet, even through domestic ADSL connection, to publish Web pages on their own machines. By using a peer-to-peer Web browser another mechanism for searching Web pages is offered based on DHT (Distributed Hash Tables). The user interface, provided by Web2Peer, carries all functions needed for creating, editing, publishing, searching, downloading and replicating the web pages on the peer-to-peer network.
Fiber Separation from Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Using a Larger Elutriation Apparatus and Use of Fiber as a Feedstock for Corn Fiber Gum Production (2008)

In an earlier study, a combination of sieving and elutriation (airflow) was found to be effective in separating fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS); the elutriation column diameter used was 63 mm. Larger quantities of fractions were needed for conducting studies on coproduct production from the fractions. In this study, an elutriation apparatus with a larger elutriation column (155 mm ID) was developed to process DDGS at higher rates. Fiber separation from DDGS using the larger elutriation apparatus was evaluated and compared with results from the 63 mm column. Fiber was evaluated for corn fiber gum (CFG) production, which has uses as an emulsifier and thickener in foods. Processing of commercial DDGS material using the larger apparatus with higher operating input rate gave results similar to the smaller apparatus. Protein and fat contents were higher in heavier fractions (material that settled in the bottom of the elutriation column); fiber contents (neutral detergent fiber) in lighter fractions (material carried to the top of the elutriation column) were higher than the initial material. The larger elutriation apparatus did not change fiber separation characteristics. Total CFG yields from fiber varied from 35.8% to 44.2%. CFG yields were comparable to CFG yields from corn wet milling fiber. Fiber separated from DDGS has potential use as a feedstock for CFG production.