gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing circular and network buffers to examine the influence of land use on walking for leisure and errands (2007)

The selection of network or circular buffers has a considerable influence on the results of analysis. Land use characteristics generally show greater associations with walking using line-based road network buffers than circular buffers. These results show that researchers need to carefully consider the most appropriate buffer with which to calculate land use characteristics.
Asia Pacific Correspondent (2006)

Nine dancers from the world Dance Alliance-Asia Pacific (WDA-AP) Fiji region performed in Wellington's 'Culture Moves' conference held at Te Papa Museum. The dance theatre performed choreography from Alo's 'Nafanua' about the Samoan warrior goddess of the land.
The management of business transactions through electronic contracts (1999)

Based on a Business Media Framework (BMF) as an instantiation of a new media reference model, the paper provides a solution for the integrated management of business transactions, considering contracts as the key information of all legally relevant actions in a business transaction. Derived from these concepts and assumptions, a contracting framework is presented that gives an overview of the services and roles that have to be fulfilled in a business transaction to manage the flow of information. Finally, a container architecture as an instantiation of a market transaction managing entity is presented, described and embedded into the BMF. The concept provided in the paper was developed within the Secure Electronic Contracts (SeCo) project at the =mcm Institute at the University of St. Gallen and the University of Zurich in Switzerland (M. Gisler et al., 1999). The focus of the project is to merge business requirements on electronic contracting with IT security requirements and legal aspects. The paper mainly covers a contracting framework that meets business requirements on electronic contracting in business media.
Prognostic relevance of extensive necrosis in renal cell carcinoma (2004)

Extensive necrosis (>95% necrosis) is rare in RCC, accounting for only 1.6% of those diagnosed during eight years in this unselected hospital series. The microscopic pattern of necrosis was typical, requiring extensive tumour sampling for definitive tumour diagnosis. Although there were only four patients with extensive necrosis, none developed recurrent or metastatic carcinoma, or died from RCC. Although extensive (>95%) necrosis may imply better short term prognosis after adjusting for tumour pathological TNM stage, it is probably not a prognostic variable in RCC.
Growth Accounting for a Follower-Economy in a World of Ideas: The Example of Singapore (2006)

In this paper, we take another approach to accounting for the sources of Singapores economic growth by being explicit about the channels through which Singapore, as a technological follower, benefits from international R&D spillovers. Taking into account the channels through which technology developed in the G5 countries diffuses to technological followers, we show that 57.5 percent of Singapores real GDP per worker growth rate over the 1970-2002 period is due to multifactor productivity growth. In particular, about 52 percent of the growth is accounted for by an increase in the effectiveness of accessing ideas developed by the technology leaders through improvement in our educational quality and increase in machinery imports and foreign direct investment from the G5 countries. We also find that capital accumulation that takes the form of imports of machinery as well as foreign direct investment from the G5 countries enhances the effectiveness of technology transfer thus raising the rate of return to capital. Compared to the rate of return to capital inferred from the traditional Solow growth model with purely exogenous technological progress of 10.8 percent, taking into account the technology transfer channel raises the implied rate of return to 13 percent.
High-Throughput Screening Identifies Two Classes of Antibiotics as Radioprotectors: Tetracyclines and Fluoroquinolones (2009)

Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones can be robust radioprotectors and mitigators of the hematopoietic system with potential utility in anticancer radiotherapy and radiation emergencies.
Compressive sensing based pilot reduction technique for massive MIMO systems (2015)

Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technique deploys a number of transmit antennas in base-station (BS) to support large number of users and high data throughput. Since BS needs to acquire channel state information from all transmit antennas, substantial amount of downlink pilot signals is required. In this paper, we suggest a new downlink pilot allocation strategy, inspired by the compressed sensing principle, that reduces the density of the pilot significantly. Key observation in the proposed approach is that the sparse structure of the channel impulse response (CIR) tends to change slower than the OFDM symbol rate. Through computer simulations, we show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional compressed sensing methods, achieving the performance bound provided by the Oracle-based Kalman smoother.
A Novel LIESST Iron(II) Complex Exhibiting a High Relaxation Temperature (2001)

The spin-crossover iron(II) complex [Fe(L)(CN)2]·H2O (1) has been investigated. Complex 1 has a pentagonal bipyramidal structure which is seven-coordinated, containing an N3O2 macrocycle and two CN- ligands. Water molecules bind the complex by means of hydrogen bonding. It was found that the complex 1 exhibited a light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) effect. The relaxation temperature is above 130 K, which is the highest temperature for LIESST compounds reported so far.
Neuroprotective effects of green and black teas and their catechin gallate esters against β‐amyloid‐induced toxicity (2005)

Teas represent a large family of plants containing high amounts of polyphenols that may confer health benefits in various diseases. Recently, it has been hypothesized that tea consumption may also reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative pathologies. Considering the deleterious role of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we investigated green and black tea extracts and flavan-3-ols (present as monomers and dimers in green and black forms, respectively) against toxicity induced by Abeta-derived peptides using primary cultures of rat hippocampal cells as model. Both green and black tea extracts (5-25 microg/mL) displayed neuroprotective action against Abeta toxicity. These effects were shared by gallic acid (1-20 microm), epicatechin gallate (ECG; 1-20 microM) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 1-10 microM), the former being the most potent flavan-3-ol. In contrast, epicatechin and epigallocatechin were ineffective in the same range of concentrations. Moreover, only tea flavan-3-ol gallate esters (i.e. ECG, EGCG) and gallic acid inhibited apoptotic events induced by Abeta(25-35). Interestingly, EGCG and gallic acid inhibited Abeta aggregation and/or the formation of Abeta-derived diffusible neurotoxin ligands. Taken together, these results indicate that the catechin gallates (through the galloyl moiety) contribute to the neuroprotective effects of both green and black teas. Moreover, the protective effect of EGCG is likely to be associated, at least in part, with its inhibitory action on Abeta fibrils/oligomers formation. These data also support the hypothesis that not only green but also black teas may reduce age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
New Low-Firing materials for multilayer capacitors (1986)

Abstract The Pb(Ni1/3,Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Mgl/2Wl/2,)O3-PbTiO3 ternary system was studied for use as a multilayer capacitor material. Compositions with a high dielectric constant (ε > 10000) and high specific resistivity can be fired at temperatures below 1050° C in this system. Chip capacitors made of one of these materials, with 85%Ag-15%Pd inner electrodes, are fired at 960°C and show good electrical properties and reliability.
Enzymology and Evolution of the Pyruvate Pathway to 2-Oxobutyrate in <i>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii</i> (2007)

The archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii uses three different 2-oxoacid elongation pathways, which extend the chain length of precursors in leucine, isoleucine, and coenzyme B biosyntheses. In each of these pathways an aconitase-type hydrolyase catalyzes an hydroxyacid isomerization reaction. The genome sequence of M. jannaschii encodes two homologs of each large and small subunit that forms the hydrolyase, but the genes are not cotranscribed. The genes are more similar to each other than to previously characterized isopropylmalate isomerase or homoaconitase enzyme genes. To identify the functions of these homologs, the four combinations of subunits were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and reconstituted to generate the iron-sulfur center of the holoenzyme. Only the combination of MJ0499 and MJ1277 proteins catalyzed isopropylmalate and citramalate isomerization reactions. This pair also catalyzed hydration half-reactions using citraconate and maleate. Another broad-specificity enzyme, isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (MJ0720), catalyzed the oxidative decarboxylation of beta-isopropylmalate, beta-methylmalate, and d-malate. Combined with these results, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the pyruvate pathway to 2-oxobutyrate (an alternative to threonine dehydratase in isoleucine biosynthesis) evolved several times in bacteria and archaea. The enzymes in the isopropylmalate pathway of leucine biosynthesis facilitated the evolution of 2-oxobutyrate biosynthesis through the introduction of a citramalate synthase, either by gene recruitment or gene duplication and functional divergence.
Interaction of two sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding proteins with an essential region of the beta-casein gene promoter is regulated by lactogenic hormones. (1993)

Transcription of the beta-casein gene in mammary epithelial cells is regulated by the lactogenic hormones insulin, glucocorticoids, and prolactin. The DNA sequence elements in the promoter which confer the action of the hormones on the transcriptional machinery and the nuclear proteins binding to this region have been investigated. We found that 221 nucleotides of promoter sequence 5' of the RNA start site are sufficient to mediate the induction of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in transfected HC11 mammary epithelial cells. Deletion of 5' sequences to position -183 results in a construct with enhanced basal activity which still retains inducibility. A -170 beta-casein promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct has very low transcriptional activity, which indicates the presence of a negative regulatory in the region between -221 and -183 and a positive regulatory element between -183 and -170. Band shift analysis showed that the promoter region between -194 and -163 specifically binds two nuclear proteins. The proteins are sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding proteins which exclusively recognize the upper DNA strand and most likely play a repressing role in transcription. DNA binding activity of these nuclear proteins was observed only in nuclear extracts from mammary glands of mice in late pregnancy and postlactation, not during lactation. Hormonal control of the DNA binding activity of these proteins was also observed in the mammary epithelial cell line HC11. Mixing experiments showed that extracts from mammary tissue of lactating mice and from lactogenic hormone-treated HC11 cells contain an activity which can suppress the DNA binding of the single-stranded DNA-binding proteins.2+ identical specificity to the single-stranded DNA.
Complications associated with maxillary osteotomies. (1975)

There are certain complications involved in maxillary ostetomies; devitalization of teeth, loss of part or all of the osteotomized segment, and relapse are possible problems. The paramount cause of the complications in seven different cases seemed to be the interruption of the blood supply to the operative site. A seven-point guideline is formulated; it integrates preoperative planning, surgical procqedures, and postoperative care.
Is a Normal TSH Synonymous With “Euthyroidism” in Levothyroxine Monotherapy? (2016)

In a large population study, participants using LT<sub>4</sub> exhibited lower serum T<sub>3</sub>:T<sub>4</sub> ratios and differed in 12/52 objective and subjective measures.
Measurement of Corrosion under Insulation and Effectiveness of Protective Coatings (1997)

Abstract A laboratory cell set-up was designed and constructed for the simulation of corrosion under insulation (CUI) on a pipe section at elevated temperature. The CUI cell consisted of six carbon steel ring specimens separated by insulation spacers and held together by blind flanged pipe sections on both ends. Thermal insulation which was placed around the testing section provided the annular space to retain the test environment. The ring specimens were used as test electrodes in two separate electrochemical cells. One cell was used as the control while the other was used to test applied protective coatings. Corrosion measurements were made using both electrochemical polarization resistance and mass loss data under isothermal and cyclic wet/dry test conditions. The test cell was used to (1) successfully simulate CUI in the laboratory, (2) evaluate the corrosivity and different modes of corrosion observed with CUI and (3) evaluate proprietary coatings for minimizing CUI under simulated CUI conditions.
Source Routing for Overlay Multicast in Wireless Ad hoc and Sensor Networks (2007)

A common approach to group multicast in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks is to build an overlay, such as a mesh or a tree, on top of non-member nodes to link the group members. However, the intuitive idea of using multiple unicasts to disseminate the message over the multicast overlay does not take advantage of the broadcast nature of radio transmission. In this paper, we propose to use stateless source routing to perform overlay multicast. By encoding the destinations and forwarders into the packet header, a member node only needs to transmit the packet through the radio once and those neighboring nodes specified in the header will relay the message. Through simulation, we compare our protocol with the differential destination multicast (DDM). The results show that our protocol improves energy efficiency and balances the energy consumption better.
THE USE OF N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE AND PYRIDINIUM BROMIDE PERBROMIDE IN THE CONVERSION OF FLAVONONES INTO FLAVONES (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE USE OF N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE AND PYRIDINIUM BROMIDE PERBROMIDE IN THE CONVERSION OF FLAVONONES INTO FLAVONESN. B. LORETTE, THOMAS B. GAGE, and SIMON H. WENDERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 6, 930–933Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01146a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01146a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Independent Component Analysis (2001)

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has recently become an important tool for modelling and understanding empirical datasets. It is a method of separating out independent sources from linearly mixed data, and belongs to the class of general linear models. ICA provides a better decomposition than other well-known models such as principal component analysis. This self-contained book contains a structured series of edited papers by leading researchers in the field, including an extensive introduction to ICA. The major theoretical bases are reviewed from a modern perspective, current developments are surveyed and many case studies of applications are described in detail. The latter include biomedical examples, signal and image denoising and mobile communications. ICA is discussed in the framework of general linear models, but also in comparison with other paradigms such as neural network and graphical modelling methods. The book is ideal for researchers and graduate students in the field.
Liposomal dexamethasone effectiveness in the treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice (1993)

The effects of daily intranasal instillation of liposomal dexamethasone and free dexamethasone phosphate were compared in a murine model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (formally known as Micropolyspora faeni). After 3 weeks of antigen and liposome instillations, lung response was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, lung index and histopathology. Systemic absorption was evaluated by measuring plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level. Free dexamethasone phosphate induced a dose-dependent response with the maximal effect reached at 1 mg kg-1. At 0.1 mg kg-1, liposomal dexamethasone had a greater effect than free dexamethasone phosphate on bronchoalveolar cells ml-1: 3.01 x 10(5) +/- 0.35 x 10(5) compared to 4.70 x 10(5) +/- 0.34 x 10(5), and lung index: 1.22 +/- 0.10 compared to 1.86 +/- 0.07. Effect on histopathology was similar. Plasma ACTH levels (pg ml-1) were: 75.1 +/- 14.0 for animals receiving antigen and free dexamethasone phosphate (0.2 mg kg-1), and 149.7 +/- 12.0 for animals receiving antigen and liposomal dexamethasone (0.2 mg kg-1). In conclusion, liposome-incorporated dexamethasone is efficient in the treatment of experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis and, contrarily to free dexamethasone phosphate, does not inhibit ACTH secretion.
Investigation of novel imaging methods using therapeutic ion beams (2011)

Imaging techniques play an increasingly important role for treatment planning and in-situ monitoring in ion beam therapy. In this thesis, two novel methods were studied. For real-time in-vivo range verification, FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations were performed to address the detection of prompt gammas, emitted during irradiation of homogeneous and heterogeneous targets, using an ideal detector, highlighting main signal and background features relevant for clinical application. For range monitoring prior to or in-between treatment, a dedicated detector prototype based on a stack of 61 ionization chambers was assembled and its applicability to ion-based transmission imaging was investigated experimentally. Characterization of the set-up in terms of beam parameters and settings of the read-out electronics underlined the potential of heavy ion radiography and tomography as an attractive low dose imaging modality. Possible sources of image artifacts were analyzed and an original method to improve the nominal resolution of the used detector set-up was proposed. The resulting images, expressed directly in water equivalent thickness and path length, of different phantoms of increasing complexity provided a promising proof of principle of ion-based planar and volumetric imaging. Overall, the findings of this thesis strongly support the large potential of the investigated imaging techniques for future clinical use.
High efficiency submicron gate LDMOS power FET for low voltage wireless communications (2002)

A low cost, high efficiency silicon MOSFET using 0.6 /spl mu/m LDMOS (LV3) technology was developed in Motorola for high frequency (1-2 GHz) and low voltage (3.4-12.5 V) wireless applications. The LV3 devices can deliver 77% power added efficiency (PAE) with 12 dB gain, 28.7 dBm output power at 3.4 V and 850 MHz. The LV3 devices also can provide 70% PAE, 11 dB gain, 36 dBm Pout at 6 V, 850 MHz and 50% PAE, 9 dB gain, 33 dBm Pout at 5.8 V, 1.9 GHz. This is the best known RF performance for silicon devices at 3.4 V and 6 V.
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Normalize BDNF Levels, Reduce Oxidative Damage, and Counteract Learning Disability after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2004)

Omega-3 fatty acids (i.e., docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) regulate signal transduction and gene expression, and protect neurons from death. In this study we examined the capacity of dietary omega3 fatty acids supplementation to help the brain to cope with the effects of traumatic injury. Rats were fed a regular diet or an experimental diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, for 4 weeks before a mild fluid percussion injury (FPI) was performed. FPI increased oxidative stress, and impaired learning ability in the Morris water maze. This type of lesion also reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synapsin I, and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). It is known that BDNF facilitates synaptic transmission and learning ability by modulating synapsin I and CREB. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet counteracted all of the studied effects of FPI, that is, normalized levels of BDNF and associated synapsin I and CREB, reduced oxidative damage, and counteracted learning disability. The reduction of oxidative stress indicates a benevolent effect of this diet on mechanisms that maintain neuronal function and plasticity. These results imply that omega-3 enriched dietary supplements can provide protection against reduced plasticity and impaired learning ability after traumatic brain injury.
Development of an Alternate Route for the Hydrolysis of Cassava Flour (1989)

Abstract Moldy wheat bran as such is used as a source of amyloglucosidase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.3) in the hydrolysis of cassava flour. 92–94% of glucose was obtained in the hydrolysate after 16 h of hydrolysis. The process was found to be economical compared to the hydrolysis using commercially available liquid enzymes.
Development of 27MHz/40MHz bands maritime wireless ad-hoc networks (2010)

The maritime MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) system using 27MHz/40MHz bands was developed under the technical committee of the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications for “development of technical examination services concerning frequency crowding.” The maritime MANET is based on AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) with a transmission power control. After three years study including simulations and demonstrative experiments at sea off Nishinomiya and Kushimoto, the committee has reported the technical standards for the maritime ad-hoc networks using 27MHz/40MHz bands. In this paper, we describe a part of the activities and achievements of the working group constituted under the committee. In the maritime experiments at sea off Kushimoto, five-hop communication was achieved and the effectiveness of the transmission power control was also verified.