gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recanalization of human arteries using Nd-YAG laser carried by optical fibre (1984)

Nd-NAG laser carried by optical fibres 0.2 mm diameter was used in experimental studies to recanalize obstructed human cadaver arteries. Successful perforation of atheromatous plaques was obtained in all cases with a power of 12 W and a duration of exposure of 30-50 s provided that blood and not saline was used. The arterial wall was protected from injury by coaxial position of the optical fibre that was inserted into an inflated balloon catheter, and by circulating blood that cooled the system. The feasibility of guiding these devices in man was demonstrated in femoral and coronary arteries.
The Effect of Aggregation on the Electrical Conductivity of Spin-Coated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films (2007)

This paper considers the feasibility of replacing indium tin oxide (ITO) with spin-coated, polymer-based composite films that are filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The coating mixture consists of a solvent with low volatility, a dissolved thermoplastic polymer, and MWNTs. The high aspect ratio of MWNTs and their good electrical conductivity enable electrical percolation at very low concentrations, so that films can be prepared that conduct electricity while retaining good optical transparency. Although the MWNTs are driven to aggregate by Van der Waals interactions, the high viscosity of the polymer/solvent solution enables the preparation of metastable, homogeneous dispersions. However, exposing the mixtures to shear leads to aggregation, the magnitude of which depends on the duration of the shear. This effect could be observed directly in spin-coated films using both optical microscopy and conductivity measurements, with aggregation causing a drop in conductivity at high nanotube loading, and more complex non-monotonic behavior at concentrations approaching the percolation threshold.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Filtering in the Discovery of Dual-Inhibitors for Human Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase and Leukotriene C4 Synthase (2010)

Combination of drugs for multiple targets has been a standard treatment in treating various diseases. A single chemical entity that acts upon multiple targets is emerging nowadays because of their predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. We have employed a computer-aided methodology combining molecular docking and pharmacophore filtering to identify chemical compounds that can simultaneously inhibit the human leukotriene hydrolase (hLTA4H) and the human leukotriene C4 synthase (hLTC4S) enzymes. These enzymes are the members of arachidonic acid pathway and act upon the same substrate, LTA4, producing different inflammatory products. A huge set of 4966 druglike compounds from the Maybridge database were docked into the active site of hLTA4H using the GOLD program. Common feature pharmacophore models were developed from the known inhibitors of both the targets using Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.5. The hits from the hLTA4H docking were filtered to match the chemical features of both the pharmacophore models. The compounds that resulted from the pharmacophore filtering were docked into the active site of hLTC4S and the hits those bind well at both the active sites and matched the pharmacophore models were identified as possible dual inhibitors for hLTA4H and hLTC4S enzymes. Reverse validation was performed to ensure the results of the study.
An introduction to mechanical vibrations (1971)

Dynamics. Periodic Motion. Energy Methods. Forced Periodic Motion. Initial Conditions and Transient Vibration. Damping. Damped Forced Vibrations. Nonlinear Vibration. Two Degrees of Freedom. Torsional Vibration. Discrete Systems: Matrix Methods. Discrete Systems: Finite Elements. Distributed Systems. Random Vibration. References. Index.
Surface micromachined deformable mirrors (2002)

At Boston University, we have begun a project on surface-machined microactuators coordinated to achieve precision actuation and control of deformable mirrors for modulation of optical wavefronts. The mirror is supported on a massively parallel system of electrostatically-controlled, interconnected microactuators that can be coordinated to achieve precise actuation and control at a macroscopic level. Several generations of individual actuators as well as parallel arrays of actuators with segmented/continuous mirrors have been designed, fabricated and tested, Deflection characteristics and pull-in behaviour of the actuators have been closely studied. Devices have been characterized with regard to yield, repeatability and frequency response. An electromechanical model of the system has been simulated numerically using the shooting method, and good correlation with experimental results has been obtained. A twenty channel parallel control scheme has been developed and implemented on a segmented mirror array.
Relative Binding Affinities of Integrin Antagonists by Equilibrium Dialysis and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2014)

The integrin αvβ6 is a potential target for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Equilibrium dialysis (ED) was investigated for its ability to report ligand binding in an αvβ6 inhibitor screening assay. As a preliminary experiment, an established peptidomimetic inhibitor of the integrin was dialyzed against αvβ6, and the fraction bound (f b) and percentage saturation determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Quantitation of the inhibitor in the two chambers of the ED cartridge revealed an uneven distribution in the presence of αvβ6, corresponding to near saturation binding to the protein (93 ± 3%), while the control (without integrin) showed an equal partitioning of the inhibitor on either side of the dialysis membrane. A competitive ED assay with a 12 component mixture of antagonists was conducted, and the results compared with an established cell adhesion assay for quantifying αvβ6 inhibition of individual antagonists. Compounds clustered into three groupings: those with pIC 50 values between ca. 5.0 and 5.5, which possessed ED f b values indistinguishable from the controls, those with pIC 50s of 6.5 ± 0.2, which exhibited detectable integrin binding (f b 13-25%) in the ED assay, and a single compound of pIC 50 7.2 possessing an f b value of 38%. A good correlation between ED-derived f b and pIC 50 was observed despite the two assays utilizing quite different outputs. These results demonstrate that ED with LC-MS detection shows promise as a rapid αvβ6 integrin antagonist screening assay for mixtures of putative ligands.
Isolation and Characterization of Human Clonogenic Osteoblast Progenitors Immunoselected from Fetal Bone Marrow Stroma Using STRO-1 Monoclonal Antibody (1999)

Osteoprogenitor cells present in human fetal bone marrow (BM) stroma have not been characterized. We used density gradient centrifugation, aggregation on binding lectin, and enrichment by magnetic activated cell sorting with STRO-1 antibody to isolate STRO-1+ cells from nonadherent human fetal BM stromal cells. Immunoselected STRO-1+ cells were immortalized using SV-40 large T antigen and a clone, F/STRO-1+ A, with weak alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was selected. The cloned cells proliferated rapidly but were not tumorigenic. Preconfluent F/STRO-1+ A cells showed immunoreactivity for osteopontin, alpha1(I) procollagen, and parathyroid hormone-related peptide, but not for the late osteoblast differentiation markers, osteocalcin (OC), or bone sialoprotein. However, differentiation of F/STRO-1+ A cells was induced by dexamethasone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, as shown by increased ALP activity. In addition, osteogenesis occurred in F/STRO-1+ A cells cultured in three-dimentional aggregates, as assessed morphologically, histologically, and biochemically. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that OC expression was silent in exponentially growing cells and occurred when cell-cell contacts were established in monolayer and in aggregates, showing induction of mature osteoblast phenotype by cell-cell contacts. Thus, clonal F/STRO-1+ A cells immunoselected from human fetal BM stroma display features of immature osteoprogenitor cells which can differentiate into mature osteogenic cells by cell-cell interactions or inducing agents. The generation by immunoselection of an immortalized clonogenic human fetal BM stroma-derived cell line which behaves like an osteoprogenitor cell provides a novel model system for identifying the signals required for the commitment of osteoprogenitors in the human fetal BM stroma.
Play behaviour, fear responses and activity levels in commercial broiler chickens provided with preferred environmental enrichments (2018)

There is currently a lack of research investigating the effectiveness of commercial broiler enrichments, and in particular the ability of these additions to create opportunities for positive welfare. One aim of this study was to investigate whether offering broiler chickens enrichments that have recently been found to be preferred leads to increased levels of activity. A second aim was to investigate the emotional effects of provision of these enrichments by assessing levels of fearfulness and play-like activity. Commercially housed broilers were assigned to treatment houses containing either: (1) platform perches, (2) platform perches+peat dust baths, (3) no enrichment (control). Activity levels and play behaviours in unenriched areas of the house were measured in weeks 3, 4 and 5. Levels of active behaviours, such as foraging and locomotion, were determined from video recordings of undisturbed birds in unenriched areas of the house. To stimulate play-like behaviours an observer walked through the birds, displacing them and creating a space. The broilers using the space were then filmed for 5 min and the occurrences of frolicking, sparring and food-running were recorded. Fearfulness of broilers in unenriched areas of the house, and also when using enrichments, was measured using observer avoidance tests in week 5. We found that creating space among the broilers was a successful method of stimulating play (largely sparring and frolicking), with play being observed in 93% of videos, however the presence of enrichments did not have an effect on the level of play recorded (P>0.05). There was also no treatment effect on activity levels of broilers in unenriched areas (P>0.05), however levels of overall activity decreased as broilers aged. Compared with the control, flight distances in unenriched areas were significantly lower in the perches+dust bath treatment (P=0.026), and were numerically lower in the perches treatment. This suggests a reduction in fearfulness with increased environmental complexity, and thus possible welfare benefits. It is suggested that further research should investigate whether increasing the level of provision of these enrichments leads to more marked improvements in welfare.
MOR zeolite supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for ketalization (2014)

In order to widen the application of ionic liquids as efficient and renewable heterogeneous catalysts, supported ionic liquids (SILs) have received considerable attention.
High-performance real-time heterodyne interferometry (1979)

A novel system for real-time heterodyne interferometry of extended objects is demonstrated. Featured in this system is the direct measurement of the optical path difference, eliminating the sometimes troublesome interpretation of the fringe patterns of traditional interferometry. High spatial and temporal resolutions are available in real time for a properly instrumented system. The concept, its performance, and applications are presented along with results from a breadboard system, where phase accuracy of better than lambda/100 is demonstrated.
Multiple Solutions of Singular Perturbation Problems (1972)

Under certain conditions on $g(x,u)$ we establish the existence and asymptotic behavior for small $\varepsilon > 0$ of multiple asymptotic solutions of the nonlinear boundary value problem \[ \begin{gathered} \varepsilon u'' + u' - g(x,u) = 0,\quad 0 < x < 1, \hfill \\ u'(0) - au(0) = A \geqq 0,\quad a > 0, \hfill \\ u'(1) + bu(1) = B > 0,\quad b > 0. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] Formal techniques of singular perturbation theory clearly reveal the mechanism which controls the appearance of multiple solutions. Their existence is then established rigorously by iteration schemes and the so-called “shooting method” for ordinary differential equations.
Facilitating community building in learning networks through peer tutoring in ad hoc transient communities (2007)

Learning in a so-called Learning Network is particularly attractive to self-directed learners, who themselves decide on their learning programme as well as the timing, pace and place of their studies. However, such learners may easily become isolated, which is detrimental to their studies. Furthermore, supporting them in their studies rapidly leads to staff overload. This paper discusses ad hoc transient communities as a means of tackling both problems. Such communities are well poised to enhance the sociability of a Learning Network and increase learning effectiveness.
Chagas’ disease: an update on immune mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2010)

* Introduction * Chagas' disease * Chemotherapy * Immune response in experimental T. cruzi infection * Immune response in human beings infected with T. cruzi * Immune response in the treatment of chagasic infection * The need for new therapeutic alternatives for Chagas' disease * Conclusions The final decade of the 20th century was marked by an alarming resurgence in infectious diseases caused by tropical parasites belonging to the kinetoplastid protozoan order. Among the pathogenic trypanosomatids, some species are of particular interest due to their medical importance. These species include the agent responsible for Chagas' disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. Approximately 8 to 10 million people are infected in the Americas, and approximately 40 million are at risk. In the present review, we discuss in detail the immune mechanisms elicited during infection by T. cruzi and the effects of chemotherapy in controlling parasite proliferation and on the host immune system.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electrogenerated Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>3+</sup> Chemiluminescent Reactions in Flowing Streams (1996)

The effect of hydrodynamics on chemiluminescence (CL) emission is investigated for the tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II/III) (Ru(bpy)32+/3+) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) system in solution phase and immobilized in Nafion. The maximum CL emission is obtained at low linear velocities for slow reactions, at intermediate linear velocities for reactions with intermediate kinetics, and at high linear velocities for fast reactions. Relative kinetic information for a variety of analytes is acquired by comparing charge-coupled device (CCD) images to stopped-flow and flow injection analysis data obtained with a photomultiplier tube (PMT). CCD images are also utilized to observe reproducibility and homogeneity of different Nafion film preparations. The spatial resolution provided by the CCD allows a more comprehensive analysis of the effects of flow on observed CL reaction kinetics than is possible with a PMT. These studies yield important guidelines for application and optimization of CL detection in flow injection, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis.
Learning from Interventions using Hierarchical Policies for Safe Learning (2019)

Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) via Behavior Cloning (BC) works well on multiple complex tasks. However, a limitation of the typical LfD approach is that it requires expert demonstrations for all scenarios, including those in which the algorithm is already well-trained. The recently proposed Learning from Interventions (LfI) overcomes this limitation by using an expert overseer. The expert overseer only intervenes when it suspects that an unsafe action is about to be taken. Although LfI significantly improves over LfD, the state-of-the-art LfI fails to account for delay caused by the expert's reaction time and only learns short-term behavior. We address these limitations by 1) interpolating the expert's interventions back in time, and 2) by splitting the policy into two hierarchical levels, one that generates sub-goals for the future and another that generates actions to reach those desired sub-goals. This sub-goal prediction forces the algorithm to learn long-term behavior while also being robust to the expert's reaction time. Our experiments show that LfI using sub-goals in a hierarchical policy framework trains faster and achieves better asymptotic performance than typical LfD.
Notizen: Neue Synthese von N-Phosphoranyliden-schwefelsäureamiden, -schwefelsäurealkylesteramiden, -fluorschwefelsäureamid und -methansulfonsäureamid, II / New Synthesis of N-phosphoranylidene-sulfuric Acid Amides, -sulfuric Acid Alkylester Amides, -fluorosulfuric Acid Amide and -alkylsulfonamide, II (1975)

By reaction of triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride with methane sulfonamide (1 a) and the sulfamic acid derivatives (1 b-g) N-triphenylphosphoranylidene compounds of these substances could be obtained.
Selected Articles and Documents on Foreign and Comparative Government (1953)

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PCR amplification of an<i>Escherichia coli</i>gene using mixed primers containing deoxyinosine at ambiguous positions in degenerate amino acid codons (1990)

Journal Article PCR amplification of an Escherichia coli gene using mixed primers containing deoxyinosine at ambiguous positions in degenerate amino acid codons Get access Rajkumar V. Patil, Rajkumar V. Patil Department of Biological Chemistry, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109–0606, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eugene E. Dekker Eugene E. Dekker * Department of Biological Chemistry, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109–0606, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 10, 25 May 1990, Page 3080, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.10.3080 Published: 25 May 1990 Article history Received: 10 April 1990 Published: 25 May 1990
Increasing energy efficiency of automotive E/E-architectures with Intelligent Communication Controllers for FlexRay (2011)

When a modern vehicle is in use, its interconnected Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are effectively always on. By temporarily deactivating those ECUs, whose functions are not needed, we can contribute to a vehicle's energy efficiency and lower its fuel consumption as well as its emissions. FlexRay is an automotive bus system typically used to interconnect high-performance ECUs. FlexRay, however, does not support the deactivation of single nodes. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Intelligent Communication Controllers, which allow us to perform a demand dependent deactivation of FlexRay ECUs. We also outline an FPGA based prototypical implementation.
Investigating the effect of corneal Herpes Simplex Virus-1 infection on Toll-Like Receptor expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2012)

Herpes Simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), is the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in the western world [1]. Initial infection develops through ocular surface entry from droplet spread [2]. Once HSV-1 has breached the epithelial barrier of the ocular surface, it is recognized by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), which then activate the appropriate innate immune response. Despite the high prevalence of HSV-1, only a small minority of patients develop ocular manifestations. Therefore, we hypothesized that TLR expression and activity may be deregulated in patients with HSK, which would reflect in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses observed in these patients. We investigated the effects of the TLR ligands 3, 4, 7 and 9 (as they are involved in anti-viral immune defence [3]) on cytokine induction from a patient with active HSK and compared responses of this patient to TLR ligands on a subsequent follow up visit where disease was diagnosed to be inactive.
Positron annihilation spectroscopy as a tool to develop self healing in aluminium alloys (2007)

Abstract Positron lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy have been applied to probe the free volume generation (vacancies, dislocations and nano‐cracks) during plastic deformation of a commercial aluminium AA2024 (T3) alloy. Aim of the total program is to study how solute atoms can be driven to the areas where initial cracking may occur in order to prevent the failure of the specimen. The phenomenon of closing the nano‐crack is called Self Healing, and can provide extra strength and ductility to the alloy under some loading conditions. Plastic deformation of over‐aged aluminum alloy at room temperature increases the average positron lifetime from initial value of 190 ps to 203 ps. The low momentum parameter S increases in agreement with the increase of open volume defects. The elastic deformation of the sample does not have a recordable effect on the positron annihilation data. It is also shown that the induced damage does not recover after loading the sample, i.e. the AA2024 in the T3 state is non self healing material, as expected, providing important first state result in the research of self healing Al alloys. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prospects of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals loaded microparticles prepared by double emulsion technique for controlled delivery (2012)

Several methods and techniques are potentially useful for the preparation of microparticles in the field of controlled drug delivery. The type and the size of the microparticles, the entrapment, release characteristics and stability of drug in microparticles in the formulations are dependent on the method used. One of the most common methods of preparing microparticles is the single emulsion technique. Poorly soluble, lipophilic drugs are successfully retained within the microparticles prepared by this method. However, the encapsulation of highly water soluble compounds including protein and peptides presents formidable challenges to the researchers. The successful encapsulation of such compounds requires high drug loading in the microparticles, prevention of protein and peptide degradation by the encapsulation method involved and predictable release, both rate and extent, of the drug compound from the microparticles. The above mentioned problems can be overcome by using the double emulsion technique, alternatively called as multiple emulsion technique. Aiming to achieve this various techniques have been examined to prepare stable formulations utilizing w/o/w, s/o/w, w/o/o, and s/o/o type double emulsion methods. This article reviews the current state of the art in double emulsion based technologies for the preparation of microparticles including the investigation of various classes of substances that are pharmaceutically and biopharmaceutically active.