gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure-lowering drugs: essential therapy for some patients with normal blood pressure (2004)

The risk of increasing blood pressure on the incidence of cardiovascular disease starts at 115/75 mmHg and roughly doubles for every 10 years increase in age, 20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, 10 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure, or in the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes or any evidence of cardiovascular disease. To lower blood pressure in patients with normal blood pressure and diabetes, or heart failure, or with any evidence of atherosclerotic disease in the coronary, cerebral and peripheral territories, reduces the incidence of major cardiovascular events by 18 to 42%. The diagnosis of hypertension in patients with these conditions is therefore irrelevant. The drugs that have mainly been tested in such conditions are the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, but their efficacy probably derives from their blood pressure-lowering effect, instead of a primary antiatherosclerotic effect.
Mechanistic Considerations for General Acid−Base Catalysis by RNA:  Revisiting the Mechanism of the Hairpin Ribozyme (2003)

Several small ribozymes carry out self-cleavage at a specific phosphodiester bond to yield 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini. Prior mechanistic and structural studies on the HDV ribozymes led to the proposal that the pK(a) of C75 is shifted toward neutrality, making it an effective general acid. Recent mechanistic studies on the hairpin ribozyme have led to models in which protonation of G8 is required for phosphodiester cleavage, either for general acid catalysis or for electrostatic stabilization. Inspection of recent crystal structures of the hairpin ribozyme, including a complex with a vanadate transition state mimic, suggests an alternative model involving general acid-base catalysis with G8 serving as the general base and A38 as the general acid. This model is consistent with the literature on the hairpin ribozyme, including pH-rate profiles of wild-type and mutant ribozymes and solvent isotope effects. General mechanistic considerations for RNA catalysis suggest that the penalty for having general acids and bases with pK(a)s removed from neutrality is not as severe as expected. These considerations suggest that general acid-base catalysis may be a common mechanistic strategy of RNA enzymes.
Depression and attempted suicide under pregabalin therapy (2014)

Originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy, pregabalin has become a compound with a wide spectrum of indications comprising anxiety disorders and chronic pain and is therefore largely prescribed. Thus, it is important for clinicians to be aware of rare, but serious adverse effects. The following report illustrates the case of a 20-year-old male with a severe depressive syndrome following pregabalin medication which even led to a suicide attempt.
30 MVA superconducting synchronous condenser: Design and it's performance test results (1985)

30 MVA superconducting synchronous condenser has been designed, fabricated, and tested successfully. The test suggested that the new approaches applied to the 30 MVA machine were reasonable. The superconducting field winding composed of six Nb-Ti and two Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn coils, supported in torque-tube slots by wedges, was excited up to the rated operating current without training. The amplitudes of the rotor vibration were small and special balance at cryogenic temperature was not needed. In this paper, the studies on the key design aspects, namely, superconducting field winding, rotor structural materials, and rotor structures including the connection means between torque-tube(cold) and damper(warm) are described together with the experimental verifications. Moreover, the stator design and the electro-magnetic design including an analysis of the operational performance with regard to double damper system are presented. Machine constants obtained from the theoretical investigations using three-dimensional electro-magnetic field calculations are in good agreement with test results.
Avian Coccidiosis. A Review of Acquired Intestinal Immunity and Vaccination Strategies (2000)

The gut-associated lymphoid tissues contain B and T lymphocytes responsible for acquired immunity to avian coccidiosis. Intestinal B cells begin producing parasite-specific antibodies shortly after infection although their role in protecting against coccidiosis is debated. T-cell-mediated immunity, predominantly by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes, confers the main component of protective immunity to Eimeria. Many of these cells display the CD8 and gammadelta T-cell receptor surface antigens, phenotypic markers of cytotoxic T cells. Although their role in eliminating Eimeria infection remains to be completely elucidated, T cells have been implicated in parasite transport, and their activity is augmented by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. Because of the importance of cell-mediated immunity, coccidiosis vaccines must be capable of stimulating intestinal T cells. Orally delivered, live parasite vaccines, either unattenuated or attenuated, are powerful stimulators of intestinal cell-mediated immunity, but antigenic variability between Eimeria species present in the vaccine and in the field may restrict their commercial application. The newer generations of recombinant DNA and subunit protein vaccines, particularly when used in conjunction with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, have shown preliminary promise in controlling experimental infections but have yet to be commercially developed.
Clinical Applications of Forced Oscillation Techniques FOT in patients with Bronchial Asthma (2001)

FOT is a useful and alternative method to evaluate the clinical status of bronchial asthma. Further studies will be needed to clarify its value for a wide range of clinical applications.
Overview of the Monsoon project (2002)

Monsoon is an experimental multi-threaded multiprocessor targeted to large-scale, general purpose scientific and symbolic computations. In particular, Monsoon is designed for the efficient execution of code compiled from Id, a high-level, implicitly parallel declarative language. Monsoon is a product of a multiyear cooperative research and development program between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Motorola, Inc., which, in turn is an outgrowth of over ten years of research in dynamic dataflow architectures and languages conducted at MIT. The intent is to provide an overall view of the Monsoon hardware and software system architecture. In addition, the run-time system and emulator are detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Simulation of Mechanical Heterogeneity in the Electrically Asynchronous Heart Using the MultiPatch Module (2015)

Cardiac electrical asynchrony occurs as a result of cardiac pacing or conduction disorders such as left bundle-branch block (LBBB). Electrically asynchronous activation causes myocardial contraction heterogeneity that can be detrimental for cardiac function. Computational models provide a tool for understanding pathological consequences of dyssynchronous contraction. Simulations of mechanical dyssynchrony within the heart are typically performed using the finite element method, whose computational intensity may present an obstacle to clinical deployment of patient-specific models. We present an alternative based on the CircAdapt lumped-parameter model of the heart and circulatory system, called the MultiPatch module. Cardiac walls are subdivided into an arbitrary number of patches of homogeneous tissue. Tissue properties and activation time can differ between patches. All patches within a wall share a common wall tension and curvature. Consequently, spatial location within the wall is not required to calculate deformation in a patch. We test the hypothesis that activation time is more important than tissue location for determining mechanical deformation in asynchronous hearts. We perform simulations representing an experimental study of myocardial deformation induced by ventricular pacing, and a patient with LBBB and heart failure using endocardial recordings of electrical activation, wall volumes, and end-diastolic volumes. Direct comparison between simulated and experimental strain patterns shows both qualitative and quantitative agreement between model fibre strain and experimental circumferential strain in terms of shortening and rebound stretch during ejection. Local myofibre strain in the patient simulation shows qualitative agreement with circumferential strain patterns observed in the patient using tagged MRI. We conclude that the MultiPatch module produces realistic regional deformation patterns in the asynchronous heart and that activation time is more important than tissue location within a wall for determining myocardial deformation. The CircAdapt model is therefore capable of fast and realistic simulations of dyssynchronous myocardial deformation embedded within the closed-loop cardiovascular system.
<scp>WRINKLED</scp>1 and <scp>ACYL‐COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE</scp>1 regulate tocochromanol metabolism in Arabidopsis (2017)

Photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae and some cyanobacteria synthesize tocochromanols, a group of compounds that encompasses tocopherols and tocotrienols and that exhibits vitamin E activity in animals. While most vitamin E biosynthetic genes have been identified in plant genomes, regulatory genes controlling tocopherol accumulation are currently unknown. We isolated by forward genetics Arabidopsis enhanced vitamin E (eve) mutants that overaccumulate the classic tocopherols and plastochromanol-8, and a tocochromanol unknown in this species. We mapped eve1 and eve4, and identified the unknown Arabidopsis tocochromanol by using a combination of analytical tools. In addition, we determined its biosynthetic pathway with a series of tocochromanol biosynthetic mutants and transgenic lines. eve1 and eve4 are two seed lipid mutants affecting the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and ACYL-COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) genes, respectively. The unknown tocochromanol is 11'-12' γ-tocomonoenol, whose biosynthesis is VITAMIN E 1 (VTE1) - and VTE2-dependent and is initiated by the condensation of homogentisate (HGA) and tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. This study identifies the first two regulatory genes, WRI1 and DGAT1, that control the synthesis of all tocochromanol forms in seeds, and shows the existence of a metabolic trade-off between lipid and tocochromanol metabolisms. Moreover, it shows that Arabidopsis possesses a tocomonoenol biosynthetic pathway that competes with tocopherol synthesis.
Enabling concurrent dual views on common LCD screens (2012)

Researchers have explored a variety of technologies that enable a single display to simultaneously present different content when viewed from different angles or by different people. These displays provide new functionalities such as personalized views for multiple users, privacy protection, and stereoscopic 3D displays. However, current multi-view displays rely on special hardware, thus significantly limiting their availability to consumers and adoption in everyday scenarios. In this paper, we present a pure software solution (i.e. with no hardware modification) that allows us to present two independent views concurrently on the most widely used and affordable type of LCD screen, namely Twisted Nematic (TN). We achieve this by exploiting a technical limitation of the technology which causes these LCDs to show varying brightness and color depending on the viewing angle. We describe our technical solution as well as demonstrate example applications in everyday scenarios.
Solution-Processed TIPS-Pentacene Organic Thin-Film-Transistor Circuits (2007)

We have fabricated solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and circuits using triisopropylsilyl pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) as the active semiconductor material. Patterned bottom-gate solution-processed TIPS-pentacene OTFTs on glass substrates have mobility as large as 0.6 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vldrs and subthreshold slope as low as 0.4 V/dec. Seven-stage ring oscillators have oscillation frequency greater than 10 kHz and propagation delay of less than 8 mus per stage at a bias of 80 V. The 7- and 15-stage ring oscillators also operate with supply-voltage magnitude of less than 5 V.
Obtaining the glass transition temperature by measuring the crack healing process of glassformers (2008)

By the study of a series of molecular liquids of fragilities covering almost the entire known range by the mechanical spectroscopy of quantitatively monitoring the healing of stress-induced microcracks recently developed by W. H. Wu et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011918 (2008)], we show that the cracking healing temperature coincides with the onset glass temperature Tg, quite independent of the liquid fragility. Another interesting observation is that the major part of the modulus recovery occurs below Tg. Thus, our study establishes an additional approach to the study of the glass dynamics and glass transition which lends itself to a variety of potential applications.
Graphics Processing Unit-Based Computer-Aided Design Algorithms for Electronic Design Automation (2021)

The electronic design automation (EDA) tools are a specific set of software that play important roles in modern integrated circuit (IC) design. These software automate the design processes of IC with various stages. Among these stages, two important EDA design tools are the focus of this research: floorplanning and global routing. Specifically, the goal of this study is to parallelize these two tools such that their execution time can be significantly shortened on modern multi-core and graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures. The GPU hardware is a massively parallel architecture, enabling thousands of independent threads to execute concurrently. Although a small set of EDA tools can benefit from using GPU to accelerate their speed, most algorithms in this field are designed with the single-core paradigm in mind. The floorplanning and global routing algorithms are among the latter, and difficult to render any speedup on the GPU due to their inherent sequential nature. This work parallelizes the floorplanning and global routing algorithm through a novel approach and results in significant speedups for both tools implemented on the GPU hardware. Specifically, with a complete overhaul of solution space and design space exploration, a GPU-based floorplanning algorithm is able to render 4-166X speedup, while achieving similar or improved solutions compared with the sequential algorithm. The GPU-based global routing algorithm is shown to achieve significant speedup against existing state-of-the-art routers, while delivering competitive solution quality. Importantly, this parallel model for global routing renders a stable solution that is independent from the level of parallelism. In summary, this research has shown that through a design paradigm overhaul, sequential algorithms can also benefit from the massively parallel architecture. The findings of this study have a positive impact on the efficiency and design quality of modern EDA design flow.
Study Of MOS Capacitors With TiO2 And SiO2/TiO2 Gate Dielectric (2020)

MOS capacitors with TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 dielectric layer were fabricated and characterized. TiO2 films where physical characterized by Rutherford Backscattering, Fourier TransformInfrared Spectroscopy and Elipsometry measurements. Capacitance-voltage (1MHz) and current voltage measurements were utilized to obtain, the effective dielectric constant, effective oxide thickness (EOT), leakage current density and interface quality. The results show that the obtained TiO2 films present a dielectric constant of approximately 40, a good interface quality with silicon and a leakage current density, of 70 mA/cm2 for VG = 1V, acceptable for high performance logic circuits and low power circuits fabrication, indicating that this material is a viable substitute for current dielectric layers in order to prevent tunneling currents.
Interlaced phase stepping in phase-contrast x-ray tomography (2011)

We report on an interlaced acquisition scheme in grating-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography in which different viewing angles are used to retrieve a single differential phase projection. This interlaced acquisition scheme is particularly beneficial for region-of-interest tomography since it substantially reduces the artifacts caused by the external region and can eliminate the need for stop-and-go motion of the tomography rotation axis. In this letter, the higher accuracy of the region-of-interest phase reconstructions obtained with the interlaced approach is demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental results.
Electrical measurements in practice (1917)

There are two c.g.s.systems of electrical units, the electro- magnetic and the electrostatic.The electromagnetic system is derived from the unit magnetic pole denned as a pole of such strength that it repels a similar pole at a distance of 1 cm.with a force of 1 dyne.The electrostatic system is but little used and all electrical-measurements are based on the electromagnetic system.INTRODUCTORY 9 9. General Precautions in Electrical Measurements/ The following are some of the sources of error which are most fre- quently found in electrical measurements and which, therefore, should be borne in mind.(a) The probable accuracy of the standards, instruments and methods should be known but care should be taken to distinguish between accuracy and sensitivity.For example, an indi- cating instrument may be so sensitive that a change of 0.1 per cent, in the quantity being measured can be detected, but, due to defects or errors in the design, it is not reliable to less than 1 per cent.Obviously the latter limits the accuracy of the instru- ment.Again the certified value on a certificate accompanying a standard resistor may be given to 0.05 per cent., or 5 parts in 10,000, when the limit of reliability is only 0.2 per cent, due to thermo e.m.fs., a temperature coefficient or change in potential drop with current because of improper location of the potential taps.' '' ' S d _ 9 '99' 999' 9,999 thus making k = 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 respectively.ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS IN PRACTICE SENSITIVITIES OF TYPICAL BROCA GALVANOMETERS Resistance of galvanometer, ohms GALVANOMETERS 23being shaped to give a uniform field throughout the space in which the coil moves.When the galvanometer is to be used only as a detector, as in bridge and potentiometer meas- urements, the pole pieces are sometimes pointed in order to concentrate the field and increase its intensity.While the D' Arsonval galvanometer cannot be readily used to make absolute measurements, but requires calibration, its many ad- vantages have made it the most generally used type of galva- nometer in the electrical laboratory.It is practically independ- ent of the earth's field or other external fields; its period can be made short, which, with its dead-beat qualities, makes it a much faster instrument than other types; it is comparatively rugged, simple to use and one instrument can be employed for a wide range of work, by changing the suspension strip or the entire movable system.In the Leeds and Northrup instrument, shown in Fig. 8, the movable system is mounted in a tube which slides between the pole faces.This is readily replaced by another tube in which a coil of the desired resistance is already mounted.The following typical data are from publications of the Leeds and Northrup Co.
Photoelectrochemical properties of LaTiO2N electrodes prepared by particle transfer for sunlight-driven water splitting (2012)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for the production of renewable solar hydrogen from water. A method of fabricating photoelectrodes from semiconductor particles for efficient water splitting was investigated using LaTiO2N as a test case. When a Ti conductor electrode with the back side covered with LaTiO2N particles was constructed by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, the LaTiO2N photoelectrode generated a remarkable photoanodic current and evolved O2. The insertion of a Ta or Nb interlayer between the Ti conductor and the LaTiO2N particles enhanced the photocurrent. This method of fabricating photoelectrodes from semiconductor particles enables the use of simple powder semiconductors in solar energy conversion systems.
The effect and mechanism of decitabine on the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma CCLP1 cells (2013)

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of decitabine (DAC) on the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma CCLP1 cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods After treated with various concentrations of DAC,cell growth inhibition rates were determined by CCK-8 assay.Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Cell autophagy was observed under fluorescence microscope.The effect of DAC on the growth of cholangiocarcinoma in vivo was determined in a CCLP1 mice xenograft model.Results The proliferation rate of CCLP1 cells in the DAC-treated group decreased in a time-concentrated dependent manner.After treatment with DAC,the cell cycle of CCLP1 cells was arrested at the G2/M phase.The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the treatment group over the control group.Cell autophagy was observed after treatment with DAC in CCLP1 cells.The tumor growth of implanted CCLP1 cells significantly slowed down after the mice were treated with 0.8 mg/kg DAC,6 times weekly for 2 weeks.Conclusion DAC can inhibit the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Key words: 
Decitabine; Bile duct neoplasms; Cell proliferation; Neoplasm transplantation
Transcriptional analysis of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 to elucidate role of furfural stress during acetone butanol ethanol fermentation (2013)

Genome-wide transcriptional response of C. beijerinckii to furfural stress was investigated for the first time using microarray analysis. Stresses emanating from ABE accumulation in the fermentation medium; redox balance perturbations; and repression of genes that code for the phosphotransferase system, cell motility and flagellar proteins (and combinations thereof) may have caused the premature termination of C. beijerinckii 8052 growth and ABE production following furfural challenge at the solventogenic phase.This study provides insights into basis for metabolic engineering of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 for enhanced tolerance of lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitory compounds, thereby improving bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass hydrolysates to biofuels and chemicals. Indeed, two enzymes encoded by Cbei_3974 and Cbei_3904 belonging to aldo/keto reductase (AKR) and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) families have been identified to be involved in furfural detoxification and tolerance.