gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of α,α,ι,ι-Tetranitroalkanes<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of α,α,ι,ι-Tetranitroalkanes1Henry Feuer, Charles E. Colwell, Gerd Leston, and Arnold T. NielsenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3598–3602Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid, large-scale isolation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. (1979)

The discontinuous gradient technique for recovery of malarial sporozoites from mosquitoes (Beaudoin et al., 1977) has been modified to speed up recovery and prevent sensitization of mice by components of the gradient which contaminate the sporozoites used as antigen. Mouse serum was substituted for BSA in the gradient because the latter produced hypersensitivity. Best results were obtained with gradients consisting of Medium 199, Renografin and mouse serum. Heavy and light solution of gradient components are layered in a centrifuge tube. Centrifugation of comminuted, infected mosquitoes applied to the top of the discontinuous gradient concentrates sporozoites at the interface. Sporozoites recovered from the gradient were infective, immunogenic, and relatively free of mosquito tissue. This improved method enables recovery of 100,000 sporozoites from each Anopheles stephensi infected with the ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei. As many as 2,800 mosquitoes have been processed in 2 hr without a significant decrease in yield.
Equation-of-State Parameters for Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquation-of-State Parameters for Poly(dimethylsiloxane)Hsiang Shih and P. J. FloryCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 6, 758–761Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60030a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60030a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Reconfigurable Beam-Steering Array for WLAN Applications (2019)

In this paper, a dual-band and dual-polarized reconfigurable beam-steering array is presented. The proposed antenna array consists of eight directional dual-band (2.38-2.52 GHz and 5.2-5.9GHz) dual-polarized (+45°/-45°) one-port elements. The polarization state of these antennas can be changed through PIN diodes. When different ports are excited, a beam switchable array with the characteristic of 360° pattern coverage in azimuth can be achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed array has an acceptable front-to-back ratio (above 15dB) and a high port to port isolation (above 25 dB) in the whole working band. The above-mentioned advantages with respect to the array indicate that the array is suitable for WLAN applications.
The NC1 Domain of Collagen IV Encodes a Novel Network Composed of the α1, α2, α5, and α6 Chains in Smooth Muscle Basement Membranes (2001)

Type IV collagen, the major component of basement membranes (BMs), is a family of six homologous chains (alpha1-alpha6) that have a tissue-specific distribution. The chains assemble into supramolecular networks that differ in the chain composition. In this study, a novel network was identified and characterized in the smooth muscle BMs of aorta and bladder. The noncollagenous (NC1) hexamers solubilized by collagenase digestion were fractionated by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies against the alpha5 and alpha6 NC1 domains and then characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Both BMs were found to contain a novel alpha1.alpha2.alpha5.alpha6 network besides the classical alpha1.alpha2 network. The alpha1.alpha2.alpha5.alpha6 network represents a new arrangement in which a protomer (triple-helical isoform) containing the alpha5 and alpha6 chains is linked through NC1-NC1 interactions to an adjoining protomer composed of the alpha1 and alpha2 chains. Re-association studies revealed that the NC1 domains contain recognition sequences sufficient to encode the assembly of both networks. These findings, together with previous ones, indicate that the six chains of type IV collagen are distributed in three major networks (alpha1.alpha2, alpha3.alpha4.alpha5, and alpha1.alpha2.alpha5.alpha6) whose chain composition is encoded by the NC1 domains. The existence of the alpha1.alpha2.alpha5.alpha6 network provides a molecular explanation for the concomitant loss of alpha5 and alpha6 chains from the BMs of patients with X-linked Alport's syndrome.
Remodeling of T-Tubules and Reduced Synchrony of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release in Myocytes From Chronically Ischemic Myocardium (2007)

In ventricular cardiac myocytes, T-tubule density is an important determinant of the synchrony of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and could be involved in the reduced SR Ca2+ release in ischemic cardiomyopathy. We therefore investigated T-tubule density and properties of SR Ca2+ release in pigs, 6 weeks after inducing severe stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery (91+/-3%, N=13) with myocardial infarction (8.8+/-2.0% of total left ventricular mass). Severe dysfunction in the infarct and adjacent myocardium was documented by magnetic resonance and Doppler myocardial velocity imaging. Myocytes isolated from the adjacent myocardium were compared with myocytes from the same region in weight-matched control pigs. T-tubule density quantified from the di-8-ANEPPS (di-8-butyl-amino-naphthyl-ethylene-pyridinium-propyl-sulfonate) sarcolemmal staining was decreased by 27+/-7% (P<0.05). Synchrony of SR Ca2+ release (confocal line scan images during whole-cell voltage clamp) was reduced in myocardium myocytes. Delayed release (ie, half-maximal [Ca2+]i occurring later than 20 ms) occurred at 35.5+/-6.4% of the scan line in myocardial infarction versus 22.7+/-2.5% in control pigs (P<0.05), prolonging the time to peak of the line-averaged [Ca2+]i transient (121+/-9 versus 102+/-5 ms in control pigs, P<0.05). Delayed release colocalized with regions of T-tubule rarefaction and could not be suppressed by activation of protein kinase A. The whole-cell averaged [Ca2+]i transient amplitude was reduced, whereas L-type Ca2+ current density was unchanged and SR content was increased, indicating a reduction in the gain of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. In conclusion, reduced T-tubule density during ischemic remodeling is associated with reduced synchrony of Ca2+ release and reduced efficiency of coupling Ca2+ influx to Ca2+ release.
Indoor Positioning Using Linearly and Circularly Polarized Antennas (2016)

The article deals with the possibility of combination of linear and circular polarized antennas in case of indoor positioning techniques based on signal strength measurement. We have investigated the distribution of the received power by a quasi-three-dimensional, own developed ray tracing model and by measurement in LoS (Line of Sight) and NLoS (Non Line of Sight) scenarios. The model takes into account the direct propagation path, the first-and second-order reflected waves as well as the effect of diffraction. The utilization of linear and circular polarized antennas instead of only linear polarized antennas decreases the standard deviation of the received power and enhances the effective range. We have performed positioning with the simulated and measured powers using the mean squared error method in case of three transmitters. The average positioning error is significantly reduced by usage of the two various types of polarization antennas compared to the use of merely linearly polarized antennas.
Decimatable Boltzmann Machines for Diagnosis: Efficient Learning and Inference (1997)

By using hidden nodes, Boltzmann machines can be employed to approximate probability distributions, store stochastic knowledge extracted from examples (a. k. a. learning) and retrieve the stored statistical information (a. k. a. inference or diagnosis). However, in general, the algorithms for such operations are NP-hard. Efficient algorithms can therefore only be expected to be found in special cases. Such algorithms have recently been specified for a certain set of so-called decimatable Boltzmann machines [9]. This approach is demonstrated for a small diagnosis system that was introduced in [5] as a didactic example: it deals with the joint probability of several medical variables. We show that a batch of fully diagnosed examples of medical data is sufficient not only to store the underlying stochastic correlations in a decimatable Boltzmann machine, but also to use this for inference or diagnosis. We argue that models like those obtained by decimatable Boltzmann machines — which learn from given examples only — may also help in building medically relevant models. 1
Automated evaluation of her-2/neu status in breast tissue from fluorescent in situ hybridization images (2005)

The evaluation of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) images is one of the most widely used methods to determine Her-2/neu status of breast samples, a valuable prognostic indicator. Conventional evaluation is a difficult task since it involves manual counting of dots in multiple images. In this paper, we present a multistage algorithm for the automated classification of FISH images from breast carcinomas. The algorithm focuses not only on the detection of FISH dots per image, but also on combining results from multiple images taken from a slice for overall case classification. The algorithm includes mainly two stages for nuclei and dot detection respectively. The dot segmentation consists of a top-hat filtering stage followed by template matching to separate real signals from noise. Nuclei segmentation includes a nonlinearity correction step, global thresholding to identify candidate regions, and a geometric rule to distinguish between holes within a nucleus and holes between nuclei. Finally, the marked watershed transform is used to segment cell nuclei with markers detected as regional maxima of the distance transform. Combining the two stages allows the measurement of FISH signals ratio per cell nucleus and the collective classification of cases as positive or negative. The system was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis and the results were encouraging for the further development of this method.
A paradigm shift in solar collectors (2002)

In the early 1980s a truly new inflatable solar collector design was patented. It was lightweight, inexpensive (typically one-tenth the installed cost of metal and glass equivalents), self-supporting and self-erecting/storing. Moneys raised in the ensuing public offering were depleted and the energy crisis ended before the development company, and the market, could exploit the true potential of the product. In this paper the product is re-evaluated in light of two contemporary applications; the inexpensive heating of building make-up air (to avoid the "sick building" syndrome and Radon concerns) and as an inexpensive platform for photovoltaic arrays. It is shown that payback for the system applied to heating make-up air can occur within the first year of operation.
Hydrolysis of 3-substituted cephalosporins catalysed by β-lactamases I and II from Bacillus cereus and by hydroxide ion (1988)

Second-order rate constants for the alkaline hydrolysis of 3-thiol substituted cephalosporins are independent of the pKa of the thiol over a pKa range of 9. If there is a leaving group at C-3′ it is expelled after the β-lactam ring is opened and the expulsion of the leaving group does not enhance the rate of β-lactam C–N bond fission. The zinc enzyme β-lactamase II is about a 100-fold better catalyst than the serine enzyme β-lactamase I for the hydrolysis of the same cephalosporin. The second-order rate constant kcat/Km for both β-lactamase enzymes shows no dependence on the nature of the substituent at C-3′ which is not explicable by the different chemical reactivity of the cephalosporins. There is no evidence for a significant recognition site in either enzyme for the C-3′ substituent. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km for the β-lactamase I-catalysed hydrolysis may be complicated by the formation of intermediates.
Switched-Mode-Control Based Hybrid LDO for Fine-Grain Power Management of Digital Load Circuits (2017)

Switched-mode-control (SMC) is a control methodology that allows instantaneous switching between controllers to extend the dynamic range of feedback circuits. A hybrid low dropout voltage regulator utilizing SMC is designed in 130 nm CMOS for fine-grain power management, fast droop recovery, and accurate voltage regulation of digital load circuits. The design provides an optimal tradeoff between performance and accuracy by switching between a digital and an analog control loop. Measurements from the test-chip show near-threshold-voltage operation, peak transient response of 0.71 ns/mA, and a peak current efficiency of 98.64%.
Short-Term Treatment of Rats with High Dose 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Stimulates Bone Formation and Increases the Number of Osteoblast Precursor Cells in Bone Marrow (1997)

Using an experimental rat model, this study was undertaken to assess the effects of a short-term application of high dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[ 1,25-(OH)2D3] on calcium homeostasis, cancellous bone formation, and numbers of osteoblast precursors in ex vivo bone marrow cultures. For Exp 1 and 2, 6-month-old female rats were sc injected with either 0.2 μg 1,25-(OH)2D3/kg·day or vehicle on days 1, 2, and 3 of the studies. Serum calcium and urinary excretion of calcium were monitored for 12 days in Exp 1. In Exp 2, the rats were ip labeled with five different fluorochromes on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively. Half of the rats in each group were killed on day 7, the rest of the rats were killed on day 24, and the first lumbar vertebrae were processed for histomorphometry. In Exp 3, 0.2 μg 1,25-(OH)2D3/kg BW or vehicle was sc administered to 6-month-old male rats on days 1, 2, and 3, and the number of colony-forming units with the ability to express alkaline phosphatase, to calcify, and/or to synthesize collagen were enumerated sequentially on days 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 in bone marrow cultures. Short-term 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment resulted in increased values for serum and urinary calcium during the treatment phase in Exp 1, depressed osteoclast numbers and strongly elevated osteoblast perimeter by day 7, and stimulated mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate in the interval between days 5–15 of Exp 2. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration to rats significantly enhanced the number of mesenchymal precursor cells in bone marrow with the ability to differentiate into an osteoblastic phenotype in ex vivo bone marrow cultures on day 4 of Exp 3. These studies provide evidence that short-term 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment creates new bone remodeling units and augments osteoblast recruitment and osteoblast team performance in rat cancellous bone.
Integration Host Factor Positively Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2008)

Virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae is dependent upon a complex transcriptional cascade that is influenced by both specific and global regulators in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we report that the global regulator integration host factor (IHF) positively affects virulence gene expression in V. cholerae. Inactivation of ihfA and ihfB, the genes encoding the IHF subunits, decreased the expression levels of the two main virulence factors tcpA and ctx and prevented toxin-coregulated pilus and cholera toxin production. IHF was found to directly bind to and bend the tcpA promoter region at an IHF consensus site centered at position -162 by using gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments. Deletion or mutation of the tcpA IHF consensus site resulted in the loss of IHF binding and additionally disrupted the binding of the repressor H-NS. DNase I footprinting revealed that H-NS protection overlaps with both the IHF and the ToxT binding sites at the tcpA promoter. In addition, disruption of ihfA in an hns or toxT mutant background had no effect on tcpA expression. These results suggest that IHF may function at the tcpA promoter to alleviate H-NS repression.
Personalized Content Preparation and Delivery for Universal Multimedia Access (2005)

This paper introduces a personalized content preparation and delivery framework for universal multimedia access. This framework has a wealth of potential applications in broadcasting, the World Wide Web and mobile telecommunication. Content preparation deals with the generation of summaries by automatic video analysis techniques, and with the annotation of content using MPEG 7 for search and retrieval and SMIL for interactive video. The use of open standards favors interoperability with third-party applications and upcoming hardware. Content delivery handles individual user preferences, content selection, real-time content adaptation and streaming in a seamless way. The proposed framework has been implemented in the EC funded R&D project PERSEO and tested by selected groups of end-users. Personalization, video summaries and the overall usability have been positively evaluated.
Auto-calibrating analog timer for on-chip testing (2003)

A practical approach for generating precise and slow analog ramps to be used for time-domain analog testing and for monotonicity and histogram test of ADCs is presented. The technique uses a discrete-time adaptive scheme to calibrate the ramp generator. Two implementations of the approach are proposed: one is entirely single-ended and the second uses a pseudo-differential-based offset cancellation scheme. The first implementation has been implemented in 2 mm technology and experimental results are in agreement with simulations yielding a slope error of 1.5% and distortion of 0.2%.
Charging the new batteries-IC controllers track new technologies (2002)

Demands for portability have fueled significant developments in new battery technology. These developments have resulted in many more options in selecting the battery type for use in a particular project, but since most applications today are opting for rechargeable battery systems, the availability of battery charging solutions can become an equally important criteria in the selection process. Complicating this process are the demands for fast-but safe-charging with charge algorithms easily implemented with low-cost hardware. With the higher levels of complexity attendant with these more demanding algorithms, solutions have come primarily from the integrated circuit industry and the purpose of this paper is to provide a few examples of the latest efforts in this arena, specifically as addressed to lead-acid, nickel metal-hydride, and lithium-ion technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Storing and Querying RDF in Mars (2009)

As part of the Semantic Web movement, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) is gaining momentum as a format for storing data, particularly metadata. The SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language is a SQL-like query language, recommended by W3C for querying RDF data. FAST is exploring the possibilities of supporting storage and querying of RDF data in their Mars search engine. To facilitate this, a SPARQL parser has been created for the Microsoft .NET Framework, using the MPLex and MPPG tools from Microsoft's Managed Babel package. This thesis proposes a solution for efficiently storing and retrieving RDF data in Mars, based on decomposition and B+ Tree indexing. Further, a method for transforming SPARQL queries into Mars operator graphs is described. Finally, the implementation of a prototype implementation is discussed. The prototype has been developed in collaboration with FAST and has required customized indexing in Mars. Some deviations from the proposed solution were made in order to create a working prototype within the available time frame. The focus has been on exploring possibilities, and performance has thus not been a priority, neither in indexing nor in evaluation.
The Alpha AXP architecture and 21064 processor (1993)

The Alpha AXP 64-b architecture, which forms the basis for a series of high-performance computer systems, is described. The implementation of this architecture in the 21064 microprocessor is discussed. This 1.4-cm*1.7-cm CMOS chip incorporates 1.68 million transistors using a 0.75- mu m, three-metal process. Performance measurement results for a variety of commonly used benchmarks under both OpenVMS AXP V1 and DEC OSF/1 V1.2 are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>