gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Ion Implantation on Consumer Electronics (1973)

The use of new processing techniques, coupled with innovative circuit design and packaging techniques, have resulted in lower-cost, higher-performance consumer integrated circuits. These devices have aided domestic entertainment electronics manufacturers in meetingthe challenges posed by low-cost, off-shore competition. Continued advancement of consumer products will depend upon further refinements in both processing and in design techniques. The technique of ion-implantation offers many potential benefits to the device as well as the equipment designer. These benefits include high-value, accurate-resistor values which can be fabricated with significantly reduced chip area, conventional MOS as well as CMOS capability, and compatible high quality varactors combined with dual gate MOS devices. Applications of the technology are apparent in today's products and in future products will only be limited by the ingenuity of designers themselves.
Combining Social Network Analysis and Sentiment Analysis to Explore the Potential for Online Radicalisation (2009)

The increased online presence of jihadists has raised the possibility of individuals being radicalised via the Internet. To date, the study of violent radicalisation has focused on dedicated jihadist websites and forums. This may not be the ideal starting point for such research, as participants in these venues may be described as "already made-up minds". Crawling a global social networking platform, such as YouTube, on the other hand, has the potential to unearth content and interaction aimed at radicalisation of those with little or no apparent prior interest in violent jihadism. This research explores whether such an approach is indeed fruitful. We collected a large dataset from a group within YouTube that we identified as potentially having a radicalising agenda. We analysed this data using social network analysis and sentiment analysis tools, examining the topics discussed and what the sentiment polarity (positive or negative) is towards these topics. In particular, we focus on gender differences in this group of users, suggesting most extreme and less tolerant views among female users.
<title>Spectral and polarimetric analysis of hyperspectral data collected by an acousto-optic tunable filter system</title> (1994)

Analysis of data collected during a ground-based experiment of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) hyperspectral imaging system shows potential for utilizing this technology for feature identification. The unique capability of an AOTF system to simultaneously acquire two orthogonally poiarized images allows both spectral and polarimetric characterizafion of ground features. The AOTF sensor used in the experiment operated over a wavelength range from 0.5 1 to 0.77 microns, collecting two differently polarized images for each of 33 bands. The experiment data images selected for analysis contain camouflaged military equipment deployed in a desert background. The Spectral Image Processing System (SIPS) software package was used for data correction and spectral analysis. Processing the AOTF data required geometric correction in addition to removing the solar and atmospheric effects. Two methods of spectral analysis are addressed in this research. The first method assesses the spectral analysis accomplished using the Spectral Angle Mapper utility in SIPS. The other method illustrates the spectral information gained through band ratioing a combination of carefully selected bands which highlights a particular target within a scene. Comparison of images created by the difference between polarizations for each band provides the basis for polarimetric analysis of the data. Finally, an algorithm developed to combine the information provided by spectral and polarimetric analysis shows how features within a scene can be distinguished from the background. Results show that AOTF hyperspectral technology has potential to enhance current military intelligence collection capability.
Secure Scan Design Using Redundant Scan Register (2013)

Abstract — Cryptographic VLSI chip has a significant role to resist the attacks which is the growing customer concern of hardware security. Redundancy introduces a great amount of randomness &amp; non linearity in any kind circuitry (combinational or sequential). We introduce a new type of redundancy in sequential circuits to make redundant scan registers that are indistinguishable with the original scan registers. They are sequentially undetectable as well as redundant, which makes it highly secured. The approach is only to replace the original scan registers to modified redundant scan registers called RScR.
Towards An Integrated Solution For Multimedia Communications (1996)

During the last few years, we have been witnessing tremendous changes in the communication environment. Those changes are not only due to the availability of higher data rates in the communication networks but also to the appearance of new application types such as multimedia applications. After a brief introduction to multimedia communications, we will present the research activities in multimedia we have undertaken during the last few years. They focus on two aspects of multimedia communications: a new semantics for expressing Quality of Service (QoS), and a support for group communications.
Useful technique for DNA-stretching and fixation (2002)

We report on a useful technique for reproducibly straightening and fixing DNA molecules. When a droplet of DNA solution on surfaces is sucked up by pipet, surface tension at the moving air-water interface is sufficient to stretch the molecules. The point of this technique is the interaction control between surfaces and DNA molecules by polymer coating. With polymers containing pi-conjugation units (polyphenazasiline, PPhenaz and poly(vinylcarbazole), PVCz), many DNA were nicely stretched and fixed on surfaces. Furthermore, structural changes of pi-units in polymers affected DNA-stretching and fixation. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy (SNOM/AFM), the feasibility of this technique for DNA observations was demonstrated.
Some Notes on Learning in Games with Strategic Complementarities (2004)

Fictitious play is the classical myopic learning process, and games with strategic complementarities are an important class of games including many economic applications. Knowledge about convergence properties of fictitious play in this class of games is scarce, however. Beyond dominance solvable games, global convergence has only been established for games with strategic complementarities and diminishing marginal returns (Krishna, 1992, HBSWorking Paper 92-073). This result is known to depend critically on the assumption of a tie-breaking rule. We show that restricting the analysis to nondegenerate games allows us to drop this assumption. More importantly, an ordinal version of strategic complementarities turns out to suffice. As a byproduct, we also obtain global convergence in generalized ordinal potential games with diminishing marginal returns.
On-Chip Colorimetric Detection of Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions via Density-Controlled Plasmonic Core–Satellites Nanoassembly (2013)

We report on an on-chip colorimetric method for the detection and analysis of Cu(2+) ions via the targeted assembly of plasmonic silver nanoparticles (2.6 nm satellites) on density-controlled plasmonic gold nanoparticles (50 nm cores) on a glass substrate. Without any ligand modification of the nanoparticles, by directly using an intrinsic moiety (carboxylate ion, COO(-)) surrounded with nanoparticles, the method showed a high selectivity for Cu(2+), resulting in a nearly 2 times greater optical response compared to those of other metal ions via the targeted core-satellites assembly. By modulating the surface chemistry, it was possible to control the density of core gold nanoparticles on the surface, thus permitting easy tuning of the optical responses induced by plasmon coupling generated between each core-satellites nanostructure. Using chips with a controlled optimal core density, we observed the remarkable scattering color changes of the chips from green to yellow and finally to orange with the increase of Cu(2+) concentration. The detection limits of the fabricated chips with controlled core densities (ca. 1821 and 3636 particles/100 μm(2)) are 10 nM and 10 pM, respectively, which are quite tunable and below the level of 20 μM (or 1.3 ppm) defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The findings suggest that the method is a potentially promising protocol for detecting small molecules with target selectivity and the tunability of the detection limits by replacing with ligands and adjusting core densities.
From Bench Top to Bedside (1997)

CANCER RESEARCHMore than 2 decades of research on oncogenes and tumor suppressors may finally pay off in a new generation of more specific, less toxic, cancer drugs. Some have already yielded promising results in cell culture studies and in animals, and are moving into tests in humans--and more are on the way. The targets of these drugs include cell surface receptors through which growth factors exert their effects and oncogene products that transmit growth-stimulatory signals inside cells. Still others aim to compensate for oncogene or tumor-suppressor gene mutations that impair cells' ability to initiate programmed cell death or apoptosis. Researchers hope these new therapies will kill cancer cells more effectively, with less harm to normal cells.
Evaluation of lithium-ion synergetic battery pack as battery charger (1999)

A new battery configuration technique and accompanying control circuitry, termed a synergetic battery pack (SBP), is designed to work with lithium batteries, and can be used as both an inverter for an electric vehicle AC induction motor drive and a battery charger. In this paper, the authors compare the performance of the synergetic battery pack as a battery charger with several simple conventional battery charging circuits via computer simulation. The factors of comparison were power factor, harmonic distortion and circuit efficiency. The simulations showed that the SBP is superior to conventional charging circuits since the power factor is unity and harmonic distortion is negligible.
High efficiency power amplification for microwave and millimeter frequencies (2003)

A novel technique for realizing high-efficiency operation of power amplifiers at microwave frequencies is demonstrated. This approach features third-harmonic-peaking Class-F amplifier operation. A novel third-harmonic-peaking circuit using drain-source capacitance in conjunction with a series LC resonant circuit is used to provide maximum power-added efficiency. Simulation data indicate that this amplifier provides an 8% improvement over the conventional Class-B approach at X-band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sex Determination in Monoecious and Dioecious Plants. (1989)

Angiosperm species that produce unisexual flowers pres? ent the opportunity for separate analysis of the male and female programs for floral differentiation and gametogenesis. A vast literature describes the genetic and physio? logical basis of sex determination in these species. (For reviews, see Westergaard, 1958; Grant, 1975; Frankel and Galun, 1977; Durand and Durand, 1984.) Recently, it has become feasible to pursue the molecular genetic basis of the male and female differentiation programs in certain plant species, as has already been profitably undertaken in several animal species (Hodgkin, 1987, 1989). This article reviews the unisexual flowering schemes found in angiosperms and summarizes available data on the control of floral polymorphism in the monoecious species maize (Zea mays) and in the dioecious species mercury (Mercurialis annua).
Using Link Prediction to Estimate the Collaborative Influence of Researchers (2013)

The influence of a particular individual in a scientific collaboration network could be measured in several ways. Estimating influence commonly requires calculating computationally costly global measures, which may be impractical on networks with hundreds of thousands of vertices. In this paper, we introduce new local measures to estimate the collaborative influence of individual researchers in a collaboration network. Our approach is based on the link prediction technique, and its underlying rationale is to assess how the presence/absence of a researcher affects the link prediction outcome in the network as a whole. It is natural to assume that the absence of a researcher with strong influence in the network will cause negative impact in the correct link prediction. Scientists are represented as vertices in the collaboration graph, and a vertex removal and corresponding link prediction process are performed iteratively for all vertices, each vertex being handled independently. The SVM supervised learning model has been adopted as link predictor. The proposed approach has been tested on real collaboration networks relative to multiple time periods, processing the networks in order to assign more relevance to recent than to older collaborations. The experimental tests suggest that our measure of impact on link prediction has high negative correlation with standard vertex importance measures such as between ness and closeness centrality.
A New Silyl Ether-Type Linker Useful for the Automated Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Having Base-Labile Protective Groups (2002)

Abstract A new silyl-type linker for the automated solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides was developed. A hydrosilane-type reagent for introduction of the silyl linker was synthesized in an overall yield of 50% from 1,4-dibromobenzene. By using this linker, an oligonucleotide having base-labile protecting groups could be isolated from the controlled pore glass under neutral conditions.
Molecular Investigations of the Structure and Function of the Protein Phosphatase 1−Spinophilin−Inhibitor 2 Heterotrimeric Complex (2011)

Regulation of the major Ser/Thr phosphatase protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is controlled by a diverse array of targeting and inhibitor proteins. Though many PP1 regulatory proteins share at least one PP1 binding motif, usually the RVxF motif, it was recently discovered that certain pairs of targeting and inhibitor proteins bind PP1 simultaneously to form PP1 heterotrimeric complexes. To date, structural information for these heterotrimeric complexes and, in turn, how they direct PP1 activity is entirely lacking. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, biochemistry, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we show that major structural rearrangements in both spinophilin (targeting) and inhibitor 2 (I-2, inhibitor) are essential for the formation of the heterotrimeric PP1-spinophilin-I-2 (PSI) complex. The RVxF motif of I-2 is released from PP1 during the formation of PSI, making the less prevalent SILK motif of I-2 essential for complex stability. The release of the I-2 RVxF motif allows for enhanced flexibility of both I-2 and spinophilin in the heterotrimeric complex. In addition, we used inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy to show that PP1 contains two metals in both heterodimeric complexes (PP1-spinophilin and PP1-I-2) and PSI, demonstrating that PSI retains the biochemical characteristics of the PP1-I-2 holoenzyme. Finally, we combined the NMR and biochemical data with SAXS and molecular dynamics simulations to generate a structural model of the full heterotrimeric PSI complex. Collectively, these data reveal the molecular events that enable PP1 heterotrimeric complexes to exploit both the targeting and inhibitory features of the PP1-regulatory proteins to form multifunctional PP1 holoenzymes.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Inhibitors of Trypanosomal and Leishmanial Dihydrofolate Reductase (1999)

This paper concerns the design, synthesis, and evaluation of inhibitors of leishmanial and trypanosomal dihydrofolate reductase. Initially study was made of the structures of the leishmanial and human enzyme active sites to see if there were significant differences which could be exploited for selective drug design. Then a series of compounds were synthesized based on 5-benzyl-2, 4-diaminopyrimidines. These compounds were assayed against the protozoan and human enzymes and showed selectivity for the protozoan enzymes. The structural data was then used to rationalize the enzyme assay data. Compounds were also tested against the clinically relevant forms of the intact parasite. Activity was seen against the trypanosomes for a number of compounds. The compounds were in general less active against Leishmania. This latter result may be due to uptake problems. Two of the compounds also showed some in vivo activity in a model of African trypanosomiasis.
An e-writer for documents plus strokes (2009)

This paper describes the hardware, software, and a document model for a prototype E-Writer. Paper like displays have proved useful in E-Readers like the Kindle in part because of low power usage and the ability to read indoors and out. We focus on emulating other properties of paper in the E-Writer: everyone knows how to use it, and users can write anywhere on the page. By focusing on a simple document model consisting primarily of images and strokes we enabled rapid application development that integrates easily with current paper-based document workflows. This paper includes preliminary reports on usage of the E-Writer and its software by a small test group.
Improving Loss Estimation for Woodframe Buildings. Volume 2: Appendices (2002)

This report documents Tasks 4.1 and 4.5 of the CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project. It presents a theoretical and empirical methodology for creating probabilistic relationships between seismic shaking severity and physical damage and loss for buildings in general, and for woodframe buildings in particular. The methodology, called assembly-based vulnerability (ABV), is illustrated for 19 specific woodframe buildings of varying ages, sizes, configuration, quality of construction, and retrofit and redesign conditions. The study employs variations on four basic floorplans, called index buildings. These include a small house and a large house, a townhouse and an apartment building. The resulting seismic vulnerability functions give the probability distribution of repair cost as a function of instrumental ground-motion severity. These vulnerability functions are useful by themselves, and are also transformed to seismic fragility functions compatible with the HAZUS software. \n\nThe methods and data employed here use well-accepted structural engineering techniques, laboratory test data and computer programs produced by Element 1 of the CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project, other recently published research, and standard construction cost-estimating methods. While based on such well established principles, this report represents a substantially new contribution to the field of earthquake loss estimation. Its methodology is notable in that it calculates detailed structural response using nonlinear time-history structural analysis as opposed to the simplifying assumptions required by nonlinear pushover methods. It models physical damage at the level of individual building assemblies such as individual windows, segments of wall, etc., for which detailed laboratory testing is available, as opposed to two or three broad component categories that cannot be directly tested. And it explicitly models uncertainty in ground motion, structural response, component damageability, and contractor costs. Consequently, a very detailed, verifiable, probabilistic picture of physical performance and repair cost is produced, capable of informing a variety of decisions regarding seismic retrofit, code development, code enforcement, performance-based design for above-code applications, and insurance practices. \n
Flatly broadened supercontinuum spectrum generated in a dispersion decreasing fibrewith convex dispersion profile (1997)

Dispersion design in a singlemode fibre is investigated experimentally and numerically for generating a supercontinuum with a flatly broadened spectrum. It is found to be important both that group velocity dispersion is a convex function with two zero-dispersion wavelengths and also that it decreases with fibre length. A calculated spectrum explains well that obtained experimentally. The mechanism of the spectral evolution of supercontinuum is examined.
NON-LINEARITY OF THE OXYGEN UPTAKE:HEART RATE RELATIONSHIP IN PACEMAKER PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION 1013 (1997)

The linear relationship between heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake(VO2), and workload is well documented in healthy individuals. The present study investigated this relationship in pacemaker patients. Eight patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and a VVIR (Vitatron Topaz™ model 515) pacemaker implant participated in the study. The Vitatron 515 pacemaker is a dual sensor rate adaptive pacemaker with both the motion sensitive activity (ACT) sensor and QT length sensor (QT). Four exercise tests were performed in random order with sensor settings of ACT only, QT only, both sensors (QT=ACT) and without rate adaptation (VVI). Exercise consisted of 1 minute at 1.2 mph, 0.5% grade and 4 minutes at 1.5 mph, 3% grade. At rest HR and VO2 were similar across all settings (HR range = 67.8 to 71.4bpm; VO2 range=3.2-3.5ml/kg/min). After 1 minute of exercise a significant rise in HR (bpm) was observed only during ACT pacing (84.4 vs. 74.9-QT, 73.5-QT=ACT, 74.1-VVI), and remained significantly higher at min 5 (92.6 vs 82.9-QT, 79.1 QT=ACT, 79.6 VVI). The VO2 increased significantly at both workloads, but showed no difference across sensor settings (min 1 range=5.9 to 6.3ml/kg/min; min 5 range=10.3-10.5ml/kg/min). Present finding suggest that during low level exercise ACT sensor driven pacing produced a curvilinear relationship between HR and VO2, whereas the other sensor settings produced a linear relationship.
Epidermal growth factor receptor <scp>R</scp>521<scp>K</scp> polymorphism shows favorable outcomes in <scp><i>KRAS</i></scp> wild‐type colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab‐based chemotherapy (2012)

The R521K polymorphism of epidermal growth factor receptor has attenuated affinity in ligand binding and proto-oncogene induction, which may affect the efficacy of cetuximab. We analyzed the effect of this polymorphism on the outcome of 112 patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with first-line cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4. The associations of this polymorphism with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were also examined. The results showed that the frequencies of the G/G, G/A, and A/A genotypes were 32.1% (n = 36), 42.9% (n = 48), and 25.0% (n = 28), respectively. A marked decrease in VEGF expression levels (66.7% vs 28.9%, P < 0.01) was observed in patients with 521A allele variants (Arg/Lys or Lys/Lys), which were associated with a decreased tumor size (55.6% vs 31.6%, P = 0.02), good histological differentiation (63.9% vs 85.5%, P = 0.01), decreased lymphovascular invasion (69.4% vs 39.5%, P < 0.01), and a higher response rate to cetuximab plus FOLFOX treatment (55.6% vs 78.9%, P = 0.01). In addition, this polymorphism was associated with a longer progression-free period (P = 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, this polymorphism was also identified as an independent prognostic factor. These data suggest that the R521K polymorphism of epidermal growth factor receptor, by reducing its activation and a consequential downregulation of its target genes, including VEGF, could be a key determinant of an increased response to cetuximab-based chemotherapy and a longer survival for KRAS wild-type colorectal carcinoma patients.