gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology support for initiation of high-throughput processing of thin-film CdTe PV modules. Phase 1 technical report, March 14, 1995--March 13, 1996 (1996)

Progress has been made in the important areas of stability, advanced deposition techniques, efficiency, the back contact, no-contact film diagnostics (photoluminescence) and Cd waste control. The progress in stability has been in both the demonstration of devices maintaining at least 90% of the initial efficiency for over 19,000 hours of continuous light soak and the development of methods which can accurately predict long term behavior based on the first 5,000--10,000 hours of life. Experiments were conducted to determine if device behavior could be accelerated with thermal or voltage stresses. Notable achievements in deposition technology include depositing CdTe on a 3,600 cm{sup 2} substrate at 600 torr and designing and fabricating a new deposition feed system with a remote semiconductor source. The efficiency has been increased on small area devices to 13.3% by decreasing the thickness of the CdS and of the glass substrate. Work also focused on using a high resistivity SnO{sub 2} buffer layer between the TCO and thin CdS to help preserve the open-circuit voltage while increasing the current-density. The back contacting process has been simplified by replacing the wet post-deposition etch with a vapor Te deposition step on small area devices. Results show that the devices perform comparably in efficiency but better in stability under light-soaking and open-circuit conditions. Preliminary studies of the correlation between CdS photoluminescence after the chloride treatment and the final device efficiency have shown a positive correlation which may be applicable for in-line quality control. The final area of progress was through the successful demonstration of preventing at least 99.9% of all incoming Cd from leaving in an uncontrolled manner through the land, air or water.
A Minimum Dispersion Combiner for High Capacity Digital Microwave Radio (1984)

A new minimum-dispersion (MID) combiner, which reduces multipath degradation in a high capacity digital microwave radio, is proposed. A high capacity digital microwave radio is inherently very sensitive to waveform distortion caused by multipath in-band delay dispersion and in-band amplitude dispersion. To minimize the in-band dispersion, the combined-signal spectrum shape from the two antennas is monitored before and after a small change takes place in the combining phase. The phase shifter rotates in the direction of the flatter of the spectrum shapes, either the one before or the one after monitoring. Performance evaluations through simulation calculation and theoretical estimation using in-band amplitude dispersion probability density are given. More improvement can be obtained when the MID combiner is used instead of the maximum power (MAP) combiner currently in use. Laboratory and field experiments, using a 200 Mbit/ s 16-QAM signal, verify these analyses and show an additional outage reduction factor of more than 5.
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of inhibition in layers 2 and 5A (2011)

Although physiological data on microcircuits involving a few inhibitory neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex are available, data on the quantitative relation between inhibition and excitation in cortical circuits involving thousands of neurons are largely missing. Because the distribution of neurons is very inhomogeneous in the cerebral cortex, it is critical to map all neurons in a given volume rather than to rely on sparse sampling methods. Here, we report the comprehensive mapping of interneurons (INs) in cortical columns of rat somatosensory cortex, immunolabeled for neuron-specific nuclear protein and glutamate decarboxylase. We found that a column contains ~2,200 INs (11.5% of ~19,000 neurons), almost a factor of 2 less than previously estimated. The density of GABAergic neurons was inhomogeneous between layers, with peaks in the upper third of L2/3 and in L5A. IN density therefore defines a distinct layer 2 in the sensory neocortex. In addition, immunohistochemical markers of IN subtypes were layer-specific. The "hot zones" of inhibition in L2 and L5A match the reported low stimulus-evoked spiking rates of excitatory neurons in these layers, suggesting that these inhibitory hot zones substantially suppress activity in the neocortex.
Mercury electrochemical coulometer as a battery state-of-charge indicator (1970)

Mercury column electrochemical coulometer as ampere-hour type of state-of-charge indicator for secondary batteries in space power applications
An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development (2021)

This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and manufacturing (both saRNA and lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on the major innovations, preclinical and clinical data reported in the last five years and will discuss future prospects.
Reflectarray antennas (2009)

This paper reviews some innovative concepts and techniques, architectures and realisations developed for both passive and re-configurable reflectarray antennas, mostly for space applications. Some trends and perspectives are discussed in the conclusion.
Pupillary autonomic denervation with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus (2001)

Denervation hypersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine is a result of damage to the pupillary parasympathetic supply of diabetic patients. This occurs before the pupillary sympathetic pathway is affected, it can be detected early in the disease, and it may be a possible explanation for the small pupil size seen in diabetic patients. Pupillary autonomic dysfunction occurs before cardiovascular autonomic changes and detection of pupil denervation hypersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine is an inexpensive way to detect early DAN.
Development of New Pharmacological Agents for Epilepsy: Lessons from the Kindling Model (1989)

The greatest value of the kindling model for new therapy of epilepsy almost certainly lies in elucidating the molecular basis of its development and persistence. Such an understanding may provide a foundation for therapies aimed at prevention or perhaps even cure of some forms of human epilepsy.
Improving consolidation of virtual machines with risk-aware bandwidth oversubscription in compute clouds (2012)

Current trends in virtualization, green computing, and cloud computing require ever increasing efficiency in consolidating virtual machines without degrading quality of service. In this work, we consider consolidating virtual machines on the minimum number of physical containers (e.g., hosts or racks) in a cloud where the physical network (e.g., network interface or top of the rack switch link) may become a bottleneck. Since virtual machines do not simultaneously use maximum of their nominal bandwidth, the capacity of the physical container can be multiplexed. We assume that each virtual machine has a probabilistic guarantee on realizing its bandwidth Requirements-as derived from its Service Level Agreement with the cloud provider. Therefore, the problem of consolidating virtual machines on the minimum number of physical containers, while preserving these bandwidth allocation guarantees, can be modeled as a Stochastic Bin Packing (SBP) problem, where each virtual machine's bandwidth demand is treated as a random variable. We consider both offline and online versions of SBP. Under the assumption that the virtual machines' bandwidth consumption obeys normal distribution, we show a 2-approximation algorithm for the offline version and improve the previously reported results by presenting a (2 +∈)-competitive algorithm for the online version. We also observe that a dual polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for SBP can be obtained via reduction to the two-dimensional vector bin packing problem. Finally, we perform a thorough performance evaluation study using both synthetic and real data to evaluate the behavior of our proposed algorithms, showing their practical applicability.
Logistic regression model training based on the approximate homomorphic encryption (2018)

We present a practical solution for outsourcing analysis tools such as logistic regression analysis while preserving the data confidentiality.
A stable and efficient approach of inverse <i>Q</i> filtering (2002)

Abstract Stability and efficiency are two issues of general concern in inverse Q filtering. This paper presents a stable, efficient approach to inverse Q filtering, based on the theory of wavefield downward continuation. It is implemented in a layered manner, assuming a depth-dependent, layered-earth Q model. For each individual constant Q layer, the seismic wavefield recorded at the surface is first extrapolated down to the top of the current layer and a constant Q inverse filter is then applied to the current layer. When extrapolating within the overburden, instead of applying wavefield downward continuation directly, a reversed, upward continuation system is solved to obtain a stabilized solution. Within the current constant Q layer, the amplitude compensation operator, which is a 2-D function of traveltime and frequency, is approximated optimally as the product of two 1-D functions depending, respectively, on time and frequency. The constant Q inverse filter that compensates simultaneously for phase and amplitude effects is then implemented efficiently in the Fourier domain.
Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) slightly modifies ventilatory response during incremental exercise. (2001)

To clarify the ventilatory effects of a 5-cm H2O positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in healthy men during incremental exercise in normoxic conditions, 22 subjects were subjected to a constant workload (0 W, 50 W, 100 W, 150 W and 200 W) on a cycle ergometer for periods of 8 min each, both with and without 5-cm H2O PEEP. Results show that PEEP increases inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) duration and tidal volume (VT) and decreases breathing frequency (fB) at rest (p < 0.05). During exercise, TI is higher at 50 W and 100 W (p < 0.05), but not at 150 and 200 W. TE only increases at 50 W (p < 0.05). An increased VT (p < 0.05 at 50, 100 and 150 W) and a decreased fB (p < 0.05 throughout the experiment) were observed. However, mean inspiratory flow (VT/T1) and duty cycle (TI/TT) were unaffected by PEEP. In conclusion, this study shows that a 5-cm H2O PEEP slightly modifies the ventilatory parameters in healthy subjects during incremental exercise in normoxic conditions.
Cromolyn Sodium: A Review (1985)

Cromolyn is a white crystalline powder which is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its therapeutic value lies in its functions as an inhaled or topically applied agent. Cromolyn has been approved in the United States for asthma therapy since 1973. It was marketed at that time as a drug to reduce the corticosteroid requirements of severe asthmatics. It clearly did not live up to that claim. Initial enthusiasm for cromolyn was replaced by disillusionment. In the last few years, investigators have taken another look at cromolyn and have a renewed interest in it. Cromolyn's mechanisms of action remain only partially understood. It appears to block allergic mediator release from certain mast cells. It may also decrease bronchial hyperreactivity. The frequency of drug toxicity at customary dosages is extremely low. Adverse effects tend to be mild, short-lived and without sequelae. Currently, cromolyn is a first line therapy for mild to moderate asthma requiring chronic treatment. It is also of proven efficacy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Preference-Based Frequent Pattern Mining (2005)

Frequent pattern mining is an important data-mining problem with broad applications. Although there are many in-depth studies on efficient frequent pattern mining algorithms and constraint pushing techniques, the effectiveness of frequent pattern mining remains a serious concern: It is non-trivial and often tricky to specify appropriate support thresholds and proper constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel theme of preference-based frequent pattern mining. A user simply can specify a preference instead of setting detailed parameters in constraints. We identify the problem of preference-based frequent pattern mining and formulate the preferences for mining. We develop an efficient framework to mine frequent patterns with preferences. Interestingly, many preferences can be pushed deep into the mining by properly employing the existing efficient frequent pattern mining techniques. We conduct an extensive performance study to examine our method. The results indicate that preference-based frequent pattern mining is effective and efficient. Furthermore, we extend our discussion from pattern-based frequent pattern mining to preference-based data mining in principle and draw a general framework.
Endothelial stroma programs hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells through IL-10 (2006)

Regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) have been reported recently, but their origin is poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that splenic stroma can drive mature DCs to proliferate and differentiate into regulatory DCs, and their natural counterpart with similar regulatory function in normal spleens has been identified. Considering that the spleen microenvironment supports hematopoiesis and that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are found in spleens of adult mice, we wondered whether splenic microenvironment could differentiate HSCs into regulatory DCs. In this report, we demonstrate that endothelial splenic stroma induce HSCs to differentiate into a distinct regulatory DC subset with high expression of CD11b but low expression of Ia. CD11b(hi)Ia(lo) DCs secreting high levels of TGF-beta, IL-10, and NO can suppress T-cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CD11b(hi)Ia(lo) DCs have the ability to potently suppress allo-DTH in vivo, indicating their preventive or therapeutic perspectives for some immunologic disorders. The inhibitory function of CD11b(hi)Ia(lo) DCs is mediated through NO but not through induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells or T-cell anergy. IL-10, which is secreted by endothelial splenic stroma, plays a critical role in the differentiation of the regulatory CD11b(hi)Ia(lo) DCs from HSCs. These results suggest that splenic microenvironment may physiologically induce regulatory DC differentiation in situ.
Dynamics of Electric Fields Driving the Laser Acceleration of Multi-MeV Protons (2005)

The acceleration of multi-MeV protons from the rear surface of thin solid foils irradiated by an intense (approximately 10(18) W/cm2) and short (approximately 1.5 ps) laser pulse has been investigated using transverse proton probing. The structure of the electric field driving the expansion of the proton beam has been resolved with high spatial and temporal resolution. The main features of the experimental observations, namely, an initial intense sheath field and a late time field peaking at the beam front, are consistent with the results from particle-in-cell and fluid simulations of thin plasma expansion into a vacuum.
Increasing the Multiplexing Capacity of TMTs Using Reporter Ion Isotopologues with Isobaric Masses (2012)

Quantitative mass spectrometry methods offer near-comprehensive proteome coverage; however, these methods still suffer with regards to sample throughput. Multiplex quantitation via isobaric chemical tags (e.g., TMT and iTRAQ) provides an avenue for mass spectrometry-based proteome quantitation experiments to move away from simple binary comparisons and toward greater parallelization. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward method for immediately expanding the throughput of the TMT isobaric reagents from 6-plex to 8-plex. This method is based upon our ability to resolve the isotopic shift that results from substituting a (15)N for a (13)C. In an accommodation to the preferred fragmentation pathways of ETD, the TMT-127 and -129 reagents were recently modified such that a (13)C was exchanged for a (15)N. As a result of this substitution, the new TMT reporter ions are 6.32 mDa lighter. Even though the mass difference between these reporter ion isotopologues is incredibly small, modern high-resolution and mass accuracy analyzers can resolve these ions. On the basis of our ability to resolve and accurately measure the relative intensity of these isobaric reporter ions, we demonstrate that we are able to quantify across eight samples simultaneously by combining the (13)C- and (15)N-containing reporter ions. Considering the structure of the TMT reporter ion, we believe this work serves as a blueprint for expanding the multiplexing capacity of the TMT reagents to at least 10-plex and possibly up to 18-plex.
Crystal Structure of a B-Form DNA Duplex Containing (<scp>l</scp>)-α-Threofuranosyl (3‘→2‘) Nucleosides:  A Four-Carbon Sugar Is Easily Accommodated into the Backbone of DNA (2002)

(L)-alpha-Threofuranosyl-(3'-->2')-oligonucleotides (TNA) containing vicinally connected phosphodiester linkages undergo informational base pairing in an antiparallel strand orientation and are capable of cross-pairing with RNA and DNA. TNA is derived from a sugar containing only four carbon atoms and is one of the simplest potentially natural nucleic acid alternatives investigated thus far in the context of a chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure. Compared to DNA and RNA that contain six covalent bonds per repeating nucleotide unit, TNA contains only five. We have determined the atomic-resolution crystal structure of the B-form DNA duplex [d(CGCGAA)Td(TCGCG)](2) containing a single (L)-alpha-threofuranosyl thymine (T) per strand. In the modified duplex base stacking interactions are practically unchanged relative to the reference DNA structure. The orientations of the backbone at the TNA incorporation sites are slightly altered in order to accommodate fewer atoms and covalent bonds. The conformation of the threose is C4'-exo with the 2'- and 3'-substituents assuming quasi-diaxial orientation.
Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance etofenprox (2009)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Downbeating nystagmus and other ocular motor defects caused by lithium toxicity (1989)

We report the clinical and neuropathologic findings of a 63-year-old woman who died following an accidental lithium overdose that produced coma, respiratory depression, horizontal gaze palsy, and downbeating nystagmus. She also had mild hypomagnesemia. The pathology was cytotoxicity, predominantly in the regions of the nuclei prepositus hypoglossi and medial vestibular nucleus. Damage to this area with kainate and ibotenate in rhesus monkeys has produced horizontal gaze palsy and downbeating nystagmus. In addition, we report our clinical experience during the past 6 years with other examples of downbeating nystagmus in patients receiving lithium.
Computer Modeling of Photosynthesis Using the E-CELL System (2000)

• Light Reactions converts energy from the sun to ATP and NADPH. Electromagnetic radiation in the form of photons are absorbed by photoreceptor chlorophyll, which are then transported through a series of elctron transport chain yielding O2, ATP and NADPH • Dark Reactions (Calvin Benson Cycle) assimilates CO2, and the ATP, NADPH generated in the light reactions into products such as starch and sucrose. The enzyme Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, often known as Rubisco, is the key enzyme in catalyzing the CO2 fixation reaction.
A microbubble pressure transducer with bubble nucleation core (2014)

A microchannel-based microbubble (μB) transducer (μBPT) having a μB nucleation core (μBNC) was developed to achieve low power operation in wet environments. In this work, we investigate μB dynamics within the transducer structure and pressure transduction. The transducer leverages electrochemical impedance (EI)-based measurement to monitor the instantaneous response of μB size changes induced by hydrostatic pressure changes. We demonstrated on-demand μB nucleation by electrolysis and real-time pressure tracking (-93 Ω/mmHg over 0-350 mmHg). Repeatable, efficient electrolytic generation of stable microbubbles (<; 1.5 nL with <; 2% size variation) was achieved using a μBNC structure attached centrally to the microchannel. Biocompatible construction (only Parylene and Pt), small footprint, low power consumption (<; 60 μW), and liquid-based operation of μBPTs are ideal for in vivo pressure monitoring applications.
New switching method for single-phase AC to DC converter (2002)

A new switching method, called the simple partial switching (SPS) method, is proposed for a single-phase AC to DC power converter. The control device switches once in every half cycle of an AC commercial power source by this SPS method. The optimal switching timing is decided by the input power factor and by the odd order harmonic estimation function of the input current. The estimation function is defined as the harmonics ratio compared with the IEC standard concerning the absolute value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of Thick Periodically-poled Lithium Niobate Crystals by Standard Electric Field Poling and Direct Bonding (2010)

We fabricated 1 mm-thick periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals by using a high-voltage amplifier for standard electric field poling combined with a voltage multiplier. Furthermore, two 1 mm-thick PPLNs were directly bonded to make a 2 mm-thick PPLN. The large aperture allowed broad angular tuning, and a broad spectral range of quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation can be achieved in a single channel. High-power applications are also expected.
Discovering the best web service (2007)

Major research challenges in discovering Web services include, provisioning of services across multiple or heterogeneous registries, differentiating between services that share similar functionalities, improving end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS), and enabling clients to customize the discovery process. Proliferation and interoperability of this multitude of Web services have lead to the emergence of new standards on how services can be published, discovered, or used (i.e. UDDI, WSDL, SOAP). Such standards can potentially provide many of these features and much more, however, there are technical challenges associated with existing standards. One of these challenges is the client.s ability to control the discovery process across accessible service registries for finding services of interest. This work proposes a solution to this problem and introduces the Web Service Relevancy Function (WsRF) used for measuring the relevancy ranking of a particular Web service based on QoS metrics and client preferences. We present experimental validation, results, and analysis of the presented ideas.