gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of herbicides for selectively controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius) growing with Pinus radiata. (2010)

Broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is an invasive weed in many commercial radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) plantations throughout New Zealand. As broom competes strongly with newly planted pine seedlings and has an abundant seed bank that persists longer than the forest rotation cycle, ongoing broom control is essential to prevent significant loss of production. A variety of herbicides are available to selectively control the established broom seedlings during the first year after planting pines but there is little published information describing which are safest for pines and most effective as the broom grows older. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of six selective herbicides: (1) 450/300 g a.i. ha 1 clopyralid/ picloram, (2) 1500/300 g a.i. ha 1 clopyralid/triclopyr, (3) 1500/50/4/150 g a.i. ha 1 clopyralid/picloram/ triclopyr/aminopyralid, (4) 500 g a.i. ha 1 fluroxypyr, (5) 10 kg a.i. ha 1 terbuthylazine, and (6) 6 kg a.i. ha 1 hexazinone, applied at three rates (the recommended rate shown above, half this rate and double this rate) in controlling broom of various ages (3, 6, 9 and 12 months). Effects of these herbicides on 12-month-old P. radiata plants were also assessed, and all treatments were compared against untreated broom and pine plants. Broom seedlings were established from seed individually in 1.2 L planter bags of potting mixture at 3 monthly intervals prior to all plants being sprayed on 18 December 2008. Likewise, the pine seedlings were transplanted into planter bags as 9-month-old seedlings from a commercial nursery 3 months prior to spraying on the same date as the broom. All herbicide treatments were applied using a precision gas-powered plot sprayer at a rate equivalent to 300 L ha 1, and all treatments apart from the hexazinone were applied with an organosilicone surfactant. Damage to plants Assessment of herbicides for selectively controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius) growing with Pinus radiata
A dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) for very low voltage operation (1994)

A new mode of operation for Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) MOSFET is experimentally investigated. This mode gives rise to a Dynamic Threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS). DTMOS threshold voltage drops as gate voltage is raised, resulting in a much higher current drive than regular MOSFET at low V/sub dd/. On the other hand, V/sub t/ is high at V/sub gs/=0, thus the leakage current is low. Suitability of this device for ultra low voltage operation is demonstrated by ring oscillator performance down to V/sub dd/=0.5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and Amino Terminal Sequencing of Human Melanoma Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (1987)

The nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, solubilized with Triton X-100 detergent, has been purified from human melanoma cell line A875. Purification to near-homogeneity was achieved by chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, followed by immunoaffinity chromatography on Sepharose columns coupled with anti-NGF receptor monoclonal antibody (MAb). The purified receptor, a 75,000-dalton protein, retains the capacity to bind NGF as well as anti-receptor MAbs. Final purification was achieved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sequence of amino acid residues at the amino terminus has been determined. Possible sequence homology between the NGF receptor and several other proteins is discussed. Using the purified receptor as immunogen, new MAbs to the NGF receptor have been produced. The NGF receptor was visualized by immunoperoxidase staining in tissue sections of dorsal root ganglia from monkeys.
Detection of drugs and their metabolites in dusted latent fingermarks by mass spectrometry (2009)

A hydrophobic silica dusting agent containing carbon black has been used with latent finger marks to demonstrate that the agent can act as an enhancing matrix to generate a simple method for detecting a range of drugs using surface assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) in positive ion reflectron mode. The dusting agent produces developed marks for locating/visualising the prints whilst also acting as a SALDI-TOF-MS enhancer that is equivalent to the standard matrix enhancer 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. This method has been applied to the analysis of latent fingermarks for contact residues on fingers, and for detection of illicit drugs for both parent drugs and their metabolites. Analysis was performed by direct MS analysis of the pre-dusted fingermarks on the surface of a target plate and, following lifting using commercial tape, MS analysis of the lifted marks. When 19 commercial powders were used only three produced MS spectra but with intensities less than those produced with the new powder. The presence of the parent drug and its metabolites was confirmed using SALDI-TOF-MS-MS following high energy collision induced dissociation when characteristic and unique fragmentation patterns were observed in each case. The distribution of these compounds on fingermarks was subsequently demonstrated using commercially available imaging software.
BCL-W is a regulator of microtubule inhibitor-induced mitotic cell death (2016)

Microtubule inhibitors including taxanes and vinca alkaloids are among the most widely used anticancer agents. Disrupting the microtubules activates the spindle-assembly checkpoint and traps cells in mitosis. Whether cells subsequently undergo mitotic cell death is an important factor for the effectiveness of the anticancer agents. Given that apoptosis accounts for the majority of mitotic cell death induced by microtubule inhibitors, we performed a systematic study to determine which members of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family are involved in determining the duration of mitotic block before cell death or slippage. Depletion of several anti-apoptotic BCL-2-like proteins significantly shortened the time before apoptosis. Among these proteins, BCL-W has not been previously characterized to play a role in mitotic cell death. Although the expression of BCL-W remained constant during mitotic block, it varied significantly between different cell lines. Knockdown of BCL-W with siRNA or disruption of the BCL-W gene with CRISPR-Cas9 speeded up mitotic cell death. Conversely, overexpression of BCL-W delayed mitotic cell death, extending the mitotic block to allow mitotic slippage. Taken together, these results showed that BCL-W contributes to the threshold of anti-apoptotic activity during mitosis.
The hydriding characteristics of CeMnAl and related alloys (1996)

LMER
Haploinsufficiency for ribosomal protein genes causes selective activation of p53 in human erythroid progenitor cells (2010)

Haploinsufficiency for ribosomal protein genes has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and the 5q-syndrome, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome. The p53 pathway is activated by ribosome dysfunction, but the molecular basis for selective impairment of the erythroid lineage in disorders of ribosome function has not been determined. We found that p53 accumulates selectively in the erythroid lineage in primary human hematopoietic progenitor cells after expression of shRNAs targeting RPS14, the ribosomal protein gene deleted in the 5q-syndrome, or RPS19, the most commonly mutated gene in DBA. Induction of p53 led to lineage-specific accumulation of p21 and consequent cell cycle arrest in erythroid progenitor cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of p53 rescued the erythroid defect, whereas nutlin-3, a compound that activates p53 through inhibition of HDM2, selectively impaired erythropoiesis. In bone marrow biopsies from patients with DBA or del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome, we found an accumulation of nuclear p53 staining in erythroid progenitor cells that was not present in control samples. Our findings indicate that the erythroid lineage has a low threshold for the induction of p53, providing a basis for the failure of erythropoiesis in the 5q-syndrome, DBA, and perhaps other bone marrow failure syndromes.
Combined haploid and insertional mutation screen in the zebrafish (2004)

To identify genes required for development of the brain and somites, we performed a pilot screen of gynogenetic haploid zebrafish embryos produced from mothers mutagenized by viral insertion. We describe an efficient method to identify new mutations and the affected gene. In addition, we report the results of a small-scale screen that identified five genes required for brain development, including novel alleles of nagie oko, pou5f1, ribosomal protein L36, and n-cadherin, as well as a novel allele of the laminin g1 gene that is required for normal skeletal muscle fiber organization and somite patterning.
Enabling Legacy Engineering Applications for Cloud Computing: Experience with the mOSAIC API and Platform (2012)

Currently, in many engineering areas, including civil engineering, there are increasing demands for various modelling and simulation services that would be accessible over the Web. The basis for such solutions could be existing legacy applications with proven properties, such as numerical stability of the used algorithms. When using traditional infrastructures, such as super computers, clusters or grids, it is necessary to make significant changes in the existing code or even complete re-writing to be able to run such legacy applications on a designated infrastructure. Cloud computing in general, and emerging sky computing technologies, such as mosaic API and platform in particular, make it possible to develop, deploy and monitor Cloud computing applications by re-using existing legacy codes. The mosaic platform can also be used to dynamically provision computational, storage and communication resources, which are needed for such applications, thus reducing operational costs. This paper analyses the possibilities for development of engineering applications by using the mosaic programming model. In the provided case study, an existing Math Works' MATLAB application used for analysis of structures under static loading is used on the Cloud and various benefits, such as elasticity and improved quality are discussed.
Principled Electronic Consent Management: A Preliminary Research Framework (2010)

Consent is a multifaceted concept that has not received much attention in information systems literature. In this paper we categorise current electronic consent decision making systems into first generation, ex-post and principled Electronic Consent Management. We argue for the adoption of principled ECM as a way forward to consent management in information systems, and outline a research framework for ECM, proposing three key components: consent theory, ECM norms, and ECM norms' manifestation. A real world context is then selected to illustrate the framework's intention.
Life Stress, Mood Disturbance, and Elevated Interleukin-6 in Healthy Older Women (1999)

These findings suggest that in older women, chronic stressors are associated with significant elevations in IL-6 over and above the elevations associated with normal aging, but that moderate stressors may not be related to appreciable elevations in IL-6.
Infrared Reflectometry For Metrology Of Trenches In Power Devices (2007)

We present examples of the application of Model- Based Infrared Reflectometry (MBIR) to metrology of trench-based power devices at different stages in the fabrication process. These metrology problems are similar to those encountered during the fabrication of deep trench memory devices, but pose some new challenges. We propose analysis methods that overcome the challenges and produce data useful for process control in fabrication facilities. The results indicate that MBIR can become a powerful metrology tool in a variety of applications during the fabrication of silicon power devices.
The specification and evaluation of personalised footwear for additive manufacturing (2011)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Safe Selection of Genetically Manipulated Human Primary Keratinocytes with Very High Growth Potential Using CD24 (2007)

Stable and safe corrective gene transfer in stem keratinocytes is necessary for ensuring success in cutaneous gene therapy. There have been numerous encouraging preclinical approaches to cutaneous gene therapy in the past decade, but it is only recently that a human volunteer suffering from junctional epidermolysis bullosa could be successfully grafted using his own non-selected, genetically corrected epidermal keratinocytes. However, ex vivo correction of cancer-prone genetic disorders necessitates a totally pure population of stably transduced stem keratinocytes for grafting. Antibiotic selection is not compatible with the need for full respect for natural cell fate potential and avoidance of immunogenic response in vivo. In order to surmount these problems, we developed a strategy for selecting genetically modified stem cell keratinocytes. Driving ectopic expression of CD24 (a marker of post-mitotic keratinocytes) at the surface of clonogenic keratinocytes permitted their full selection. Engineered keratinocytes expressing CD24 and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) tracer gene were shown to retain their original growth and differentiation potentials both in vitro and in vivo over 300 generations. Also, they did not exhibit signs of genetic instability. Using ectopic expression of CD24 as a selective marker of genetically modified human epidermal stem cells appears to be the first realistic approach to safe cutaneous gene therapy in cancer-prone disease conditions.
Phylogenetic Characterization of Two Novel Commensal Bacteria Involved with Innate Immune Homeostasis in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2008)

During a previous study on the molecular interaction between commensal bacteria and host gut immunity, two novel bacterial strains, A911(T) and G707(T), were isolated from the gut of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, these strains were characterized in a polyphasic taxonomic study using phenotypic, genetic, and chemotaxonomic analyses. We show that the strains represent novel species in the family Acetobacteraceae. Strain G707(T), a highly pathogenic organism, represents a new species in the genus Gluconobacter, "Gluconobacter morbifer" sp. nov. (type strain G707 = KCTC 22116(T) = JCM 15512(T)). Strain A911(T), dominantly present in the normal Drosphila gut community, represents a novel genus and species, designated "Commensalibacter intestini" gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain A911 = KCTC 22117(T) = JCM 15511(T)).
Relapsing–Remitting Central Nervous System Autoimmunity Mediated by GFAP-Specific CD8 T Cells (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that causes the demyelination of nerve cells and destroys oligodendrocytes, neurons, and axons. Historically, MS has been thought to be a CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of CNS white matter. However, recent studies identified CD8 T cell infiltrates and gray matter lesions in MS patients. These findings suggest that CD8 T cells and CNS Ags other than myelin proteins may be involved during the MS disease process. In this article, we show that CD8 T cells reactive to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a protein expressed in astrocytes, can avoid tolerance mechanisms and, depending upon the T cell-triggering event, drive unique aspects of inflammatory CNS autoimmunity. In GFAP-specific CD8 TCR-transgenic (BG1) mice, tissue resident memory-like CD8 T cells spontaneously infiltrate the gray matter and white matter of the CNS, resulting in a relapsing-remitting CNS autoimmunity. The frequency, severity, and remissions from spontaneous disease are controlled by the presence of polyclonal B cells. In contrast, a viral trigger induces GFAP-specific CD8 T effector cells to exclusively target the meninges and vascular/perivascular space of the gray and white matter of the brain, causing a rapid, acute CNS disease. These findings demonstrate that the type of CD8 T cell-triggering event can determine the presentation of distinct CNS autoimmune disease pathologies.
Structural comparison suggests that thermolysin and related neutral proteases undergo hinge-bending motion during catalysis (1992)

Crystal structures are known for three members of the bacterial neutral protease family: thermolysin from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus (TLN), the neutral protease from Bacillus cereus (NEU), and the elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), both in free and ligand-bound forms. Each enzyme consists of an N-terminal and C-terminal domain with the active site formed at the junction of the two domains. Comparison of the different molecules reveals that the structure within each domain is well conserved, but there are substantial hinge-bending displacements (up to 16 degrees) of one domain relative to the other. These domain motions can be correlated with the presence or absence of bound inhibitor, as was previously observed in the specific example of PAE [Thayer, M.M., Flaherty, K.M., & McKay, D.B. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 2864-2871]. The binding of inhibitor appears to be associated with a reduction of the domain hinge-bending angle by 6-14 degrees and a closure of the "jaws" of the active site cleft by about 2 A. Crystallographic refinement of the structure of thermolysin suggests that electron density seen in the active site of the enzyme in the original structure determination probably corresponds to a bound dipeptide. Thus, the crystal structure appears to correspond to an enzyme-inhibitor or enzyme-product complex, rather than the free enzyme, as has previously been assumed.
A novel calibration method for a large-scale stereo vision sensor based on a one-dimensional target (2008)

Large-scale stereo vision sensor is of great importance in the measurement for large free-form surface. The intrinsic parameters of cameras and the structure parameters of the stereo vision sensor should be calibrated beforehand. Traditional methods are mainly based on planar and 3D targets which are expensive and difficult to manufacture, especially for large dimension ones. A calibration method for stereo vision sensor based on one-dimensional targets is proposed. First random place two 1D targets, and acquire multiple images of the targets from different angles of view with camera. Solve the intrinsic parameters of camera with the constraint that the spatial angle of the two ID target are constant. Then set up the stereo vision sensor with two calibrated cameras, and acquire multiple images of a 1D target of unknown motion. Based on the constraint of the known distance between two feature points on the target, estimate the initial value of the structure parameters with linear method and the precise structure parameters of stereo vision sensor with non-linear optimization method by setting up the minimizing function involving the scale factors. Experimental results show that, the measurement precision of the stereo vision sensor is 0.052mm, with the working distance of 3500mm and the measurement scale of 4000mm × 3000mm. The method proposed is proved to be suitable for field calibration of stereo vision sensor in application of large-scale measurement for its easy operation and high efficiency.
Advances in antivirals for non‐influenza respiratory virus infections (2013)

Progress in the development of antivirals for non-influenza respiratory viruses has been slow with the result that many unmet medical needs and few approved agents currently exist. This commentary selectively reviews examples of where specific agents have provided promising clinical benefits in selected target populations and also considers potential therapeutics for emerging threats like the SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Recent studies have provided encouraging results in treating respiratory syncytial virus infections in lung transplant recipients, serious parainfluenza virus and adenovirus infections in immunocompromised hosts, and rhinovirus colds in outpatient asthmatics. While additional studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of the specific agents tested, these observations offer the opportunity to expand therapeutic studies to other patient populations.
Inactive conformation of the serpin α<sub>1</sub>-antichymotrypsin indicates two-stage insertion of the reactive loop: Implications for inhibitory function and conformational disease (2000)

The serpins are a family of proteinase inhibitors that play a central role in the control of proteolytic cascades. Their inhibitory mechanism depends on the intramolecular insertion of the reactive loop into beta-sheet A after cleavage by the target proteinase. Point mutations within the protein can allow aberrant conformational transitions characterized by beta-strand exchange between the reactive loop of one molecule and beta-sheet A of another. These loop-sheet polymers result in diseases as varied as cirrhosis, emphysema, angio-oedema, and thrombosis, and we recently have shown that they underlie an early-onset dementia. We report here the biochemical characteristics and crystal structure of a naturally occurring variant (Leu-55-Pro) of the plasma serpin alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin trapped as an inactive intermediate. The structure demonstrates a serpin configuration with partial insertion of the reactive loop into beta-sheet A. The lower part of the sheet is filled by the last turn of F-helix and the loop that links it to s3A. This conformation matches that of proposed intermediates on the pathway to complex and polymer formation in the serpins. In particular, this intermediate, along with the latent and polymerized conformations, explains the loss of activity of plasma alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with the Leu-55-Pro mutation.
Digitally positioned micromirror for open-loop controlled applications (2003)

The power consumption and complexity of the close-loop control electronics are the major barriers that limit the applications of optical switches, beam steering devices and other micromirrors. To eliminate or lower the barriers, it is desirable to have a micromirror with precise, digitally positioned angles. This paper reports the first investigation to design a digitally positioned micromirror and characterize its precision levels. From the experimental results, very encouraging results have been reported for the first designed digital micromirror: +/-0.01/spl deg/ position precision has been achieved with the mirrors fabricated in the same batch but operated sporadically over a 3-month period. In order to reduce the number of the electrical drives for the mirror and increase the maximum tilting angle, an improved device was designed and tested. 0.02/spl deg//V precision has been demonstrated in the digital levels via experimental testing and +/-0.03/spl deg/ position precision of repeatability has been achieved within the angle range +/-3.5/spl deg/. The electrical-mechanical performance of the mirror is discussed here. Standard deviation of average angle and angle variance per driving voltage within the digital levels are identified to characterize the digital behavior of the mirror.