gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cimetidine therapy and duodenal candidiasis: role in healing process. (1992)

Patients with Candida colonization and invasion were studied in 20 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, 10 non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) cases and 10 controls with non-gastroenterological disorders. Of 20 DU patients, Candida albicans was cultured from duodenal aspirates of 6 (30%) DU patients and pseudohyphae, indicating invasive form, were present in two (10%) prior to treatment. NUD patients and controls had positive Candida culture in 3 (30%) and 1 (10%) cases respectively; pseudohyphae were found in none. Six DU patients (30%) failed to heal with 4 weeks of cimetidine therapy; all six showed invasion of duodenal ulcer mucosa with Candida on histology. The pseudohyphae form of Candida was always found to be associated with non-healing of DU. Candidal invasion is associated with failure to respond to, H2-receptor antagonist therapy.
ToxPi GUI: an interactive visualization tool for transparent integration of data from diverse sources of evidence (2012)

The ToxPi GUI application, complete user manual and example data files are freely available from http://comptox.unc.edu/toxpi.php.
Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels (2015)

Rapid response and strong mechanical properties are desired for smart materials used in soft actuators. A bioinspired hybrid hydrogel actuator was designed and prepared by series combination of three trunks of tough polymer-clay hydrogels to accomplish the comprehensive actuation of "extension-grasp-retraction" like a fishing rod. The hydrogels with thermo-creep and thermo-shrinking features were successively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) to execute extension and retraction, respectively. The GO in the hydrogels absorbed the NIR energy and transformed it into thermo-energy rapidly and effectively. The hydrogel with adhesion or magnetic force was adopted as the "hook" of the hybrid hydrogel actuator for grasping object. The hook of the hybrid hydrogel actuator was replaceable according to applications, even with functional materials other than hydrogels. This study provides an innovative concept to explore new soft actuators through combining response hydrogels and programming the same stimulus.
A model approach to climate change (2007)

It is official: the Earth is getting hotter, and it is down to us. This month scientists from over 60 nations on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the first part of their latest report on global warming. In the report the panel concludes that it is very likely that most of the 0.5 °C increase in global temperature over the last 50 years is due to man-made emissions of greenhouse gases. And the science suggests that much greater changes are in store: by 2100 anthropogenic global warming could be comparable to the warming of about 6 °C since the last ice age.
Chemoselective Reduction of Azides with Sodium Sulfide Hydrate under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Position detection and start-up algorithm of a rotor in a sensorless BLDC motor utilising inductance variation (2002)

A method of identifying the rotor position of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor and driving a motor smoothly from standstill without any position sensors is presented. This is done by monitoring the current responses to the inductance variation on the rotor position. The rotor position at standstill is detected by comparing the first and second differences of six current pulses injected into every two phases of the motor. Once the motor starts up, a pulse train, composed of long and short pulses, is injected into the commutation phases corresponding to the maximum torque production and the next commutation phases in alternating fashion. It provides not only the torque, but also information about the next commutation timing when the current responses of the long and short pulses cross each other in the same time delay. A controller for a BLDC motor is developed using a PC, digital signal processor (DSP), inverter and communication circuits in order to verify the proposed algorithm experimentally. It shows that the proposed algorithm can drive a BLDC motor smoothly without any vibration or time delay up to medium speed compared with the conventional back-emf algorithm. Beyond this medium speed, a sensorless algorithm for rotor-position detection is switched to the back-emf method to drive a BLDC motor at high speed.
Enabling broadband, highly integrated phased array radiating elements through additive manufacturing (2016)

This paper describes the use of stereolithography (SLA) and other additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to realize novel broadband (>3:1 bandwidth), dual-polarized, wide-scan, phased array radiators on λ/2-grid at S-, X-, Ku- and W-Band. Three new radiator designs are described, which are variants of the widely used notch antenna (also known as the tapered slot antenna (TSA) or Vivaldi antenna) that have been designed to take advantage of the manufacturing flexibility, batch processing capability and precision afforded by AM. The three designs discussed are (1) a planar-fed notch radiator with modular, interconnected (across multiple elements) free-space transformers, (2) a fully-monolithic, fully-interconnected (across multiple elements) notch radiator array containing integrated feeds, baluns and free-space transformers, and (3) a planar-fed notch radiator with direct-to-wafer, batch-printed free-space transformers. The first two designs have the potential to lower cost, weight, and cycle time through reduced assembly part count and hollow/perforated structure, which is not possible or impractical with other manufacturing techniques. The third design allows for previously unrealizable, wideband, highly efficient, on-grid phased array architectures at millimeter-wave (MMW) frequencies (e.g. W-band) and eliminates the need for expensive pick-and-place operations or capital equipment.
Tunable optical and nonlinear optical response of smectic glasses based on cobalt alkanoates (2010)

The nonlinear optical response of anisotropic smectic glasses based on cobalt alkanoates has been studied using dynamic holography. Laser-dynamic gratings induced by the action of nanosecond laser pulses were observed and analysed for such materials. It was found that the cubic optical nonlinearity of all the anisotropic glasses studied had an electronic origin in the nanosecond range, caused by nonlinear polarisation of the cobalt alkanoate complexes. Fundamental optical (refractive index and absorption coefficient) and nonlinear optical (nonlinear susceptibility and polarisability) parameters of mesomorphic glasses based on cobalt alkanoates could be tuned by varying the length of the alkanoate anion chain, thereby determining the interlayer smectic distance.
Pulsed Neutron Log Interpretation Case Histories from Inland and Offshore South Louisiana (1990)

ABSTRACT In the Louisiana Gulf Coast and offshore areas accurately determining water saturation (Sw) and identifying problems in cased wellbores can be difficult. Reservoir potentials may be unknown because of poor or nonexistent mud and core data, incomplete logging data and sketchy production histories. Wellbore environments that are unknown and/or difficult can render cased hole formation evaluation misleading and difficult to interpret. Without accurate Sw values and other diagnostic data, successful completions and reserve estimates may be difficult. Pulsed neutron logging has been a primary evaluation technique for many operators analyzing economics before recompletion. This is especially true in older wells with limited reservoir information and unusual well/casing mechanics. Estimating reservoir pressures of gas zones, identifying production problems in producing wells and in new wells with stuck drillpipe, and applying oxygen activation techniques to evaluate potential well problems in flowing conditions are the applications frequently seen in the Gulf Coast. This paper presents detailed case histories of successful recompletions, hydrocarbon determination, and production/drilling problem identification in unusual or difficult reservoirs and boreholes. Interpretations were derived from Dual-Burst* TDT* measurements and confirmed by production results and/or other wireline log and core evaluations. Comparisons are made with previous pulsed neutron measurements and openhole evaluations to evaluate the measurements in difficult logging conditions.
Simple Balun-Coupled Mixers (2005)

Economical double-sideband (two diode) and single-sideband (four diode) double-balanced broadband mixers use balun-coupled planar circuits suitable for any dielectric constant substrate, since slot line or coplanar waveguide is not used.
On-line gyro-based, mass-property identification for thruster-controlled spacecraft using recursive least squares (2004)

Spacecraft control, state estimation, and fault-detection-and-isolation systems are affected by unknown variations in the vehicle mass properties. It is often difficult to accurately measure inertia terms on the ground, and mass properties can change on-orbit as fuel is expended, the configuration changes, or payloads are added or removed. Recursive least squares-based algorithms that use gyro signals to identify the center of mass and inverse inertia matrix are presented. They are applied in simulation to 3 thruster-controlled vehicles: the X-38 and Mini-AERCam under development at NASA-JSC, and the S4, an air-bearing spacecraft simulator at the NASA-Ames Smart Systems Research Lab (SSRL).
Development of Cytotrophoblast Columns from Explanted First-Trimester Human Placental Villi: Role of Fibronectin and Integrin α5β11 (1999)

Human first-trimester floating mesenchymal villi explanted onto gels of collagen I or Matrigel were observed to undergo de novo development of anchoring sites. These consisted of cytotrophoblast columns that formed by proliferation of stem villous cytotrophoblast cells, as revealed by whole-mount and thin-section microscopy and incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. Column formation occurred exclusively at the distal tips of the villi. No column formation was observed in tissue explanted onto agarose. On Matrigel, the developing columns penetrated downwards into the matrix, whereas on collagen I, cytotrophoblast sheets spread across the surface of the gel and merged to form a shell. The developing columnar cytotrophoblast up-regulated integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha5beta1 and produced an extracellular matrix containing oncofetal fibronectin, as in vivo. Function-blocking antibodies were used to investigate the role of the integrin-fibronectin interaction in anchoring villus development on collagen I. Antibodies to fibronectin and the integrin subunits alpha5 and beta1, added at 24 h, all changed the pattern of cytotrophoblast outgrowth. Anti-fibronectin caused cell rounding within the cytotrophoblast sheet and increased the population of single cells at its periphery. Anti-integrin alpha5 caused rounding and redistribution of cells within the outgrowth. In the presence of anti-integrin beta1, cell-collagen interactions within the sheet were destabilized, often leading to the appearance of an annulus of aggregated cells at the periphery. These results show that 1) mesenchymal villi retain the potential to form anchoring sites until at least the end of the first trimester, 2) adhesion to a permissive extracellular matrix stimulates cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation along the extravillous lineage, 3) integrin alpha5beta1-fibronectin interactions contribute significantly to anchorage of the placenta to uterine extracellular matrix. We suggest that as the developing placenta ramifies, new sites of anchorage form whenever peripheral villi contact decidua. This process is predicted to contribute to the stability of the placental-decidual interface.
Treatment of Markup in Statistical Machine Translation (2017)

We present work on handling XML markup in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The methods we propose can be used to effectively preserve markup (for instance inline formatting or structure) and to place markup correctly in a machinetranslated segment. We evaluate our approaches with parallel data that naturally contains markup or where markup was inserted to create synthetic examples. In our experiments, hybrid reinsertion has proven the most accurate method to handle markup, while alignment masking and alignment reinsertion should be regarded as viable alternatives. We provide implementations of all the methods described and they are freely available as an opensource framework 1 .
A Variant Approach to Product Definition by Recognizing Functional Requirement Patterns (1997)

SUMMARY Product definition has been recognized as one of the deciding factors in designing a product for success in the market-place. This paper introduces an approach to product definition by evolving from similar existing products. Our methodology is derived from recognizing functional requirement (FR) patterns from past design efforts including FR topology, FR classification and FR templates. A two-phase methodology of FR pattern recognition and pattern adoption is presented m the paper. The proposed approach not only eases the tedious elaboratwn process of requirement definition among customers, marketers and designers, but also reduces the complexities and risks inherent in requirement specification. Furthermore, it opens opportunities for incorporating expert heuristics into FR patterns based on competitive products and technological trends. A case study conducted in power supply design kelps to illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach.
Diametric measurement of foveal avascular zone in healthy young adults using optical coherence tomography angiography (2016)

The objective of this study is to measure the diameter size of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both eyes of healthy young adults using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. A cross sectional study to measure the foveal avascular zone in healthy young adults. Subjects underwent OCT angiography using Zeiss AngioPlex OCT angiography in both eyes. 30 eyes of 15 healthy young adults were evaluated. The mean horizontal FAZ diameter of superficial vascular plexus was 661.166 ± 119.99 microns and mean vertical FAZ diameter was 660.033 ± 96.169 microns (P = 0.9442). The mean horizontal FAZ diameter of deep vascular plexus was 1011.2 ± 154.526 microns and the mean vertical FAZ diameter of deep vascular plexus was 818.033 ± 102.108 microns. There was no difference between the contralateral eyes of subjects in FAZ diameter of both superficial and deep capillary plexuses. The mean diametric size of FAZ in superficial capillary plexus is 660.599 ± 0.801 microns and deep capillary plexus is 914.616 ± 136.589 microns. There was no significant difference with the contralateral eyes.
New Synthesis of 2-Substituted Cyclopentane-1, 3-dione (1967)

2-Methyl, 2-propyl and 2-phenethylcyclopentane-1, 3-dione (III) were prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding 2-(α-ethoxyalkylidene) cyclopent-4-ene-1, 3-diones, (II), which were obtained by the condensation of cyclopent-4-ene-1, 3-dione (I) and ethyl ester of ortho acids.
생산요소가격의 변화가 제조산업 마크업에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증분석 (2016)

본 논문은 마크업방정식을 설정하여 8개 제조산업의 산업별 마크업을 추정한 다음, 자기회귀 시차모형을 추정하여 마크업의 요소가격탄력도를 산업별로 추정하였다. 또한 산업의 특성을 반영하는 산업의 자본집약도와 수입중간재비중을 고려하여 생산요소가격이 마크업을 결정하는 중요 변수임을 밝히고 있다. 분석결과 수입중간재비중이 높은 기계·전자·운송, 화학제품 그리고 금속제품산업에 있어서 마크업의 수입물가지수탄력도는 각각 -1.025, -0.176, -0.260으로 추정되었으며 자본집약적인 산업인 화학제품, 금속제품 그리고 기계·전자·운송의 경우, 이자율탄력도는 각각 -0.165, -0.147 그리고 -0.210으로 나타났다. 따라서 마크업의 주요 결정요소는 생산요소가격 그리고 산업의 특성을 반영하는 자본집약도와 해외중간재 비중이라 할수 있다. 분석결과는 산업의 자본집약도가 클수록 그리고 해외중간재 비중이 큰 산업일수록 이자율과 수입물가지수의 변동은 산업별 마크업을 결정하는데 있어서 더욱 큰 영향을 주었음을 밝히고 있다.
Regulation of Periplasmic Carbonic Anhydrase Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Acetate and pH (1994)

The effects of mixotrophic growth with acetate and growth medium pH on expression of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were evaluated. Addition of 10 mM acetate to the culture medium resulted in reduction of CA activity that was parallel to the reduction generated by growth of the algae in high external CO2 concentrations. This reduction in activity is a consequence of lower level of the CA protein as determined by western analysis. Transcript abundance of cah-1, the gene encoding the low CO2-induced CA, is also reduced by the addition of acetate as verified by northern analysis. Measurements of photosynthesis and respiration suggest that the acetate-induced reduction of CA expression is not a function of lowered photosynthetic capacity, but may be the result of increased internal CO2 concentration generated by high, acetate-stimulated respiratory rates. Growth medium pH can also influence extracellular CA expression. The induction of CA activity, protein abundance, and transcript levels by exposure to limiting inorganic carbon (Ci) concentrations is much more pronounced at higher than at lower pH values. The relationship between pH regulation of CA expression and its role in the Ci-concentrating mechanism are discussed.
Visual perception of materials and their properties (2013)

Misidentifying materials-such as mistaking soap for pâté, or vice versa-could lead to some pretty messy mishaps. Fortunately, we rarely suffer such indignities, thanks largely to our outstanding ability to recognize materials-and identify their properties-by sight. In everyday life, we encounter an enormous variety of materials, which we usually distinguish effortlessly and without error. However, despite its subjective ease, material perception poses the visual system with some unique and significant challenges, because a given material can take on many different appearances depending on the lighting, viewpoint and shape. Here, I use observations from recent research on material perception to outline a general theory of material perception, in which I suggest that the visual system does not actually estimate physical parameters of materials and objects. Instead-I argue-the brain is remarkably adept at building 'statistical generative models' that capture the natural degrees of variation in appearance between samples. For example, when determining perceived glossiness, the brain does not estimate parameters of the BRDF. Instead, it uses a constellation of low- and mid-level image measurements to characterize the extent to which the surface manifests specular reflections. I argue that these 'statistical appearance models' are both more expressive and easier to compute than physical parameters, and therefore represent a powerful middle way between a 'bag of tricks' and 'inverse optics'.
Behavioural and physiological responses of grass grub larvae ( <i>Costelytra zealandica</i> ) feeding on protease inhibitors (1992)

Abstract Growth of first instar Costelytra zealandica larvae was significantly reduced after 6 weeks when reared on an artificial diet containing 0.3 and 1% soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), 0.1% and 0.3% potato inhibitor II, and 0.3% potato protease inhibitor I and cowpea trypsin inhibitor. Limabean trypsin inhibitor at 1% significantly stimulated growth compared with that on diet with corresponding levels of added casein. A direct relationship between increased free‐trypsin activity and decreased larval growth was observed. Sequential measurement of enzyme activity in third instar larvae feeding on SBTI was compared with that of larvae feeding on casein. The increase in enzyme activity was observed after 14 days in larvae feeding on SBTI. Larvae preferred to feed on SBTI‐free diet when given a choice between diet containing this inhibitor at 0.3% and added casein at 0.3%.
Special articles on new aspects of silicon chemistry. Retardation effect by acetylene derivatives on hydrosilylation. Estimation of the retarder's capability by differential thermal analysis method. (1990)

シリコ_ソポリマーにおける,ヒドロシリル化反応で,触媒として白金錯体を使用したときの・硬化性とポツトトライフ性能を高めるために制御剤の研究を行った。示差熱量測定装置(DSC)を用いて得られるヒドロシリル化反応の発熱曲線のピーク温度と最大発熱速度,半値幅から・化合物の制御剤としての性能を判定できることカミわかった,また有効な制御剤の構造としては多重結合を持ち・α位に極性基を持つもので多重結合と極性基の原子間距離が2.7～3.Åの間にあることがわかった。
1 GHz CCD transient detector (2002)

A charge coupled-device (CCD) capable of acquiring 2 K samples of analog information at a 1-GHz rate, the fastest CCD on silicon, is reported. The prototype fast-in/slow-out (FISO) CCD is configured as single-input, single-output device. Subsequent to the front-end 1-GHz input sampler a novel three-stage charge-domain demultiplexer is implemented which distributes the samples from one input to 8 parallel CCDs of 256 stages each. The outputs from the 8 channels are then brought to a single output amplifier through a serial-output register designed for a read-out rate of 1-10 MHz. The complete CCD system has a dynamic range of >45 dB and can handle a maximum of 40-45 K electrons with a transfer loss of less than 4*10/sup -5/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transurethral Resection /Prostatectomy versus Dilatation Treatment in Hypertrophy of the Prostatae II (1965)

In patients with hypertrophy of the prostate the late results of the dilatation treatment a.m. Deisting and prostatectomy or transurethral resection are compared. –The two groups of patients are statistically comparable concerning preoperative local and general status. Not only immediate postoperatively, but also by reexaminations 7 years post-operatively the prostatectomy/transurethral resection procedures yield statistically significant far better results and far less complications than does the dilatation treatment.
RIP2 Is a Raf1-activated Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase (1999)

RIP2 is a serine-threonine kinase associated with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor complex and is implicated in the activation of NF-kappaB and cell death in mammalian cells. However, the function of its kinase domain is still enigmatic as it is not required in engaging these responses. Here we show that RIP2 activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and that the kinase activity of RIP2 appears to be important in this process. RIP2 activates AP-1 and serum response element regulated expression by inducing the activation of the Elk1 transcription factor. RIP2 directly phosphorylates and activates ERK2 in vivo and in vitro. RIP2 in turn is activated through its interaction with Ras-activated Raf1. Kinase-defective point and deletion variants of RIP2 also significantly blocked the activation of ERK2 by TNFalpha but not epidermal growth factor. These results describe a novel pathway of ERK activation and the first catalytic function ascribed to any of the RIP-like kinases associated with the TNF receptor superfamily.
Synthesis of Polystyrene Microspheres to be Used as Template in the Preparation of Hollow Spherical Materials: Study of the Operative Variables (2012)

Mono-disperse polystyrene (PS) spheres were synthesized. The styrene polymerization was carried out using 4,4’-azobis 4-cyanovaleric acid (ACVA) or potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiators in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant or stabilizing agent. Size measurement and its distribution were followed by scanning electron microscopy. A very narrow size distribution was obtained by controlling the synthesis temperature. For both initiators, it was observed that smaller PS particles are obtained when PVP amount increases. Besides, the ssphere size decreased when KPS amount increased at a fixed PVP concentration. Similar results were obtained for the polystyrene spheres synthesized using ACVA as initiator. On the other hand, the influence of a co-monomer addition in the sphere size was also analyzed. The suitable selection of the initiator type and its concentration, as well as the surfactant agent amount, led to a controlled obtainment of the polystyrene microspheres, appropriate to be used as template in the synthesis of hollow spherical materials.