gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Epoxide Functionalities in Protonated Monofunctional Analytes by Using Ion/Molecule Reactions and Collision-Activated Dissociation in Different Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometers (2011)

A mass spectrometric method has been delineated for the identification of the epoxide functionalities in unknown monofunctional analytes. This method utilizes gas-phase ion/molecule reactions of protonated analytes with neutral trimethyl borate (TMB) followed by collision-activated dissociation (CAD) in an ion trapping mass spectrometer (tested for a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and a linear quadrupole ion trap). The ion/molecule reaction involves proton transfer from the protonated analyte to TMB, followed by addition of the analyte to TMB and elimination of methanol. Based on literature, this reaction allows the general identification of oxygen-containing analytes. Vinyl and phenyl epoxides can be differentiated from other oxygen-containing analytes, including other epoxides, based on the loss of a second methanol molecule upon CAD of the addition/methanol elimination product. The only other analytes found to undergo this elimination are some amides but they also lose O = B-R (R = group bound to carbonyl), which allows their identification. On the other hand, other epoxides can be differentiated from vinyl and phenyl epoxides and from other monofunctional analytes based on the loss of (CH(3)O)(2)BOH or formation of protonated (CH(3)O)(2)BOH upon CAD of the addition/methanol elimination product. For propylene oxide and 2,3-dimethyloxirane, the (CH(3)O)(2)BOH fragment is more basic than the hydrocarbon fragment, and the diagnostic ion (CH(3)O)(2)BOH (2) (+) is formed. These reactions involve opening of the epoxide ring. The only other analytes found to undergo (CH(3)O)(2)BOH elimination are carboxylic acids, but they can be differentiated from the rest based on several published ion/molecule reaction methods. Similar results were obtained in the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.
Synthetic discriminant function-based binary nonlinear optical correlator (1989)

We describe a binary nonlinear optical correlator that uses a synthetic discrimination function (SDF) at the input plane to store the reference images. The SDF is displayed at the input plane side by side the input scene. The input scene, the SDF, and their joint power spectrum are thresholded to only two values. Thus, binary spatial light modulators can be used to implement the correlator. The correlation performance of the SDF-based binary nonlinear optical correlator is compared to that of the classical SDF-based correlator in the areas of correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and correlation width. We show that the SDF-based binary nonlinear optical correlator performs reasonably well. Furthermore, a single binary SLM can be used to read in sequentially the binarized input signals and the binarized joint power spectrum which results in a reduction in cost, size, and complexity of the system.
A New Synthesis of the Hydrophenanthrene Nucleus (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of the Hydrophenanthrene NucleusErnest Wenkert, R. D. Youssefyeh, and Ronald G. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4675–4680Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Borosilicate Glasses (1952)

Various anomalous properties of borosilicate glasses are explained by the assumption that the atomic groups, each of which consists of one BO 4 tetrahedron with four BO 3 triangles bonded to it, are formed in these glasses. These atomic groups result from the reasonable postulate that BO 4 tetrahedra cannot be bonded to each other, and that each BO 4 triangle cannot be bonded to more than one BO 4 tetrahedron owing to the disposition of the cation which neutralizes the –1 electronic surplus charge of the BO 4 tetrahedron and prevents these tetrahedra from approaching each other.
A THREE-COMPONENT ACQUISITION SYSTEM (2002)

The fidelity of full vector seismic data acquired with systems of three-component (3C) receivers that are rigidly attached to an acquisition device is evaluated. The acquisition device is designed for rapid and cost-effective imaging of the upper 30m of the earth's surface. Multi-mode analysis of full vector seismic data has the potential to provide engineers and geophysicists with near-surface soil and rock properties such as unit thickness, strata geometry, strength, compressibility, fracture orientation and pore-fluid content. Acquisition of the full vector wavefield using 3C receivers, however, is a time-and labor-intensive procedure. The approach of researchers at the university of Kansas has been rigidly to attach arrays of 3C Galperin receiver units to lengths of channel iron. The channel iron serves as an acquisition device that eliminates the need to individually plant, connect, vertically level, and horizontally orient each 3C unit. The acquisition device is modeled as a linear filtering mechanism. This allows the resulting crosstalk between receiver mounts to be approached as an inverse-filtering problem that requires determination of the transfer function of the device. Coincident acquisition of seismic data using both device-mounted and traditional spike-mounted 3C Galperin units provides a means to estimate the transfer function. Application of the inverse of this function to the device-mounted data results in field gathers that are fundamentally equivalent to those recorded with traditional spike-mounted 3C units. We conclude that the true seismic wavefield is neither lost nor destroyed by recording with device-mounted geophones and that this wavefield is recoverable through the well established process of linear filtering.
Bilan et perspectives (1990)

Genet Jean-Philippe. Bilan et perspectives. In: Le médiéviste et l'ordinateur, Numéro spécial,1990. Actes de la Table ronde (Paris, CNRS, 17 novembre 1989) pp. 15-17.
Improved RAID 5 controller using load-balanced destagealgorithm (1998)

In the existing RAID 5 controllers, destage algorithms do not take into consideration the overall performance of the disk array but rather the optimal performance at each individual disk, and this may eventually decrease the RAID performance. This authors suggest a new RAID 5 controller using a load-balanced destage algorithm adopted at the disk array level, and show that the new controller has a higher performance than existing controllers.
Design and Implementation of Cylinder Deactivation Technology for Locomotive Diesel Engine (2014)

Cylinder deactivation could solve the contradiction between engine power and fuel economy,and reduce harmful emissions effectively.This paper focuses on the control scheme of variable ratios of cylinder deactivation and control strategy of cylinder deactivation.Three cylinder deactivation modes were given,The control strategy of cylinder deactivation was studied preliminarily.The components and conlrol How charl ol cylinder deactivation control module were designed.Research showed that,compared with conventional engine,application oi technology ol cylinder deactivation can improve the economy of engine by 20%or more.
Effect of Padding Duration on Radiation Dose and Image Interpretation in Prospectively ECG-Triggered Coronary CT Angiography (2010)

In a large multicenter study of coronary CT angiography of patients with excellent heart rate control, the use of minimal padding was associated with a substantial reduction in radiation dose with preserved image interpretability. Use of no or reduced padding should be considered in dose-reduction strategies.
Über die Anlagerung von Thioäthern an Chinone und Chinonimine in stark sauren Medien (1972)

Abstract By adding thioethers to protonated quinones or quinone imines, hydroquinone sulfonium compounds are prepared in good yields. A mechanism running over carbenium ions is proposed.
Sorption of<i>Cryptosporidium</i><i>parvum</i>Oocysts in Aqueous Solution to Metal Oxide and Hydrophobic Substrates (1999)

The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) may be introduced into water supplies by a number of processes, including runoff and infiltration from areas where wastes from infected hosts are dispersed on soils. Soil particles may attenuate or, when suspended in flow with sufficient kinetic energy, act as transport sites for oocysts. Sorption may also be reversed by the frictional force of flowing water. As a first step toward understanding oocyst attentuation and transport, we examined partitioning in a two-phase, laminar flow microduct. This exposed aqueous suspensions of C. parvum oocysts to metal oxide and hydrophobic substrates (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, and octadecyltrichlorosilane ((OTS) CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, a hydrophobic monolayer)) on transparent glass slides. Sorption under laminar flow conditions was observed for unexposed oocysts and oocysts subjected to freeze−thaw cycling and desiccation. The results indicate differences in sorption between substrates and oocyst exposure to stresses. Regardless of exposure to stress, oocysts sorbed to Al2O3 but not to Fe2O3, OTS, and SiO2. Of the starting number of oocysts added to the microduct with Al2O3 substrates, 61% of the freeze−thawed, 43% of the desiccated oocysts, and 4% of the unexposed oocysts remained sorbed. The differences may be due to loss of integrity of the oocyst wall and dispersion of nucleic acids within the interior of the oocyst, as indicated by propidium iodide staining of DNA. This suggests that charge-based interactions with colloids may be most pronounced when the oocyst is no longer capable of initiating infection.
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1991)

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have an antibody deficiency and a deficiency of cellular immunity. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations may benefit HIV-infected children and adults with recurrent bacterial infections at doses of 200 to 400 mg/kg every 2 to 4 weeks. In addition, IVIG (1 to 2 g/kg) is effective at raising platelet counts to hemostatic levels in HIV-infected patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and life-threatening bleeding. Indirect evidence also suggests that IVIG may be effective in preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Finally, recent studies suggest that specific anti-HIV antibody preparations may have a therapeutic role, either as immunoglobulin concentrates or as immunoadhesions and immunotoxins. However, further investigations are needed to exclude antibody enhancement of HIV infection by the Fc receptor or the complement receptor.
Autoantibodies against muscarinic cholinergic receptor in chronic fatigue syndrome (2003)

The disturbance of the central nervous system and immunological abnormalities have been suggested in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We focused on immunological abnormalities against neurotransmitter receptors in CFS. Using a sensitive radioligand assay, we examined serum autoantibodies to recombinant human muscarinic cholinergic receptor 1 (CHRM1), mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A), and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) in patients with CFS (n=60) and results were compared with those in patients with autoimmune disease (n=33) and in healthy controls (n=30). The mean anti-CHRM1 antibody index was significantly higher in patients with CFS (p<0.0001) and autoimmune disease (p<0.05) than that in healthy controls, and positive reaction was found in 53.3% of patients with CFS. Anti-OPRM1 antibodies, anti-HTR1A antibodies, and anti-DRD2 antibodies were found in 15.2, 1.7, and 5.0% of patients with CFS, respectively. Anti-nuclear antibodies were found in 56.7% (34/60) of patients with CFS, but anti-nuclear antibody titers did not correlate with the activities of the above four autoantibodies. The patients with positive autoantibodies to CHRM1 had a significantly higher mean score (1.81) of 'feeling of muscle weakness' than negative patients (1.18) among CFS patients (p<0.01). Higher scores on 'painful node', 'forgetfulness', and 'difficulty thinking' were also found in CFS patients with anti-CHRM1 antibodies but did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, autoantibodies to CHRM1 were detected in a large number of CFS patients and were related to CFS symptoms. Our findings suggested that subgroups of CFS are associated with autoimmune abnormalities of CHRM1.
Synthesis of water‐soluble cationic polymers with star‐like structure based on cyclodextrin core via ATRP (2005)

Abstract A range of novel cationic star‐like polymers (Star‐P(MeDMA)s) were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by core‐first method, using a β‐cyclodextrin initiator with 21 initiation sites (21Br‐β‐CD). Methyl chloride‐quaternized 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (MeDMA) was polymerized in an aqueous medium using 21Br‐β‐CD, Cu(I)Br, and 2,2′‐dipyridyl as an initiator, catalyst, and ligand, respectively. The effects of polymerization temperature and monomer/initiator ratios on the degree and kinetics of polymerization were investigated. The molecular weights, hydrodynamic sizes, and charge densities of the quaternized polymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and colloidal titration, respectively. The results demonstrated that the moderate aqueous solubility of the 21Br‐β‐CD initiator had significant impact on the physicochemical properties of the obtained star polymers. The polymerization of 500/1/2/5 ([M] 0 /[I] 0 /[Cu(I) 0 /[L] 0 ]) at 90 °C for 6 h was found to be the best condition to synthesize the proposed cationic star polymer with well‐defined structures in aqueous medium. The nonlinear relationship between the apparent charge density and the particle size of the cationic star polymers was further revealed by GPC and DLS measurements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6345–6354, 2005
Security analysis and countermeasures assessment against spit attacks on VoIP systems (2011)

Spam over Internet Telephony is becoming a large problem of the Voice over IP Architectures. Voice over IP has become a valid alternative to the Public Switched Telephone Network and it has a new paradigm for providing telephony services at a lower cost and higher flexibility. In the meantime, with Voice over IP the privacy becomes so hard and the benefits introduced are as strong as the security problems, like Spam over Internet Telephony. People have more attention on the spam voice issue, because of the great danger of this threat. Thus, in this paper we want to propose and introduce a new protection model against Spam over Internet Telephony attack, through a user-profile framework. This framework allows to identify the optimal counter-measures to be taken against this threat, according to the user assessment, that receives a certain number of calls during an observation period. We define general profiles based on certain parameters, and with a user-profile matching we can identifies the best security path which must be applied.
Traffic Monitoring and Vehicle Tracking using Roadside Cameras (2006)

This paper studies the integration and implementation of digital image processing techniques on the roadside camera for traffic monitoring and vehicle tracking. The image processing framework developed in this study is mainly composed of five stages: (1) pre-processing, (2) foreground segmentation, (3) shadow removal, (4) tracking, and (5) traffic parameters extraction. During the pre-processing stage, the information of road geometry is obtained and the camera is calibrated. At the foreground segmentation stage and shadow removal stage, moving vehicles are segmented from the original input images. To make the system more robust, an alpha-beta filter is used at the multi-vehicle tracking stage. Subsequently, related traffic parameters are extracted at the end of each tracking mechanism. The experimental results show that this system is capable of successfully extracting the traffic parameters, including the trajectory of the moving vehicles based on the image sequences captured by a digital camera on a free flow traffic in the daytime..
On the Liquid-Flow Analog To Evaluate Gas Wells Producing in Shales (2013)

Summary Drawing on links to the analog considered by Al-Hussainy et al. (1966), we present a corresponding analog to correlate solutions for a fractured well producing at a constant pressure. A solution in terms of the similarity transformation for the pressure distribution in a linear reservoir filled with a real gas provides the basis. This solution is particularly suited to demonstrate that anomalous results will be obtained when long linear-flow trends typical of shales produced through a horizontal well consisting of multiple, infinite-conductivity fractures are evaluated in classical terms. The basis for the liquid-flow analog is re-examined by considering 2D numerical solutions for a fractured well producing a gas reservoir at a constant pressure. A method to correlate the nonlinear solutions with the corresponding liquid-flow solutions for fractured wells producing at a constant pressure during the infinite-acting period is provided. The phrase “analog” used here represents attempts to match values of both the well response and its derivative for a 2D system during transient flow. This correlation enables analysts to obtain estimates that are accurate in the manner of Al-Hussainy et al. (1966). An example illustrates the application of this recommendation for a horizontal well producing a shale reservoir through multiple hydraulic fractures.
Design and Performance of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1989)

Single solid oxide fuel cells which, when series–parallel interconnected, combine to form multi-kW modules, are examined in detail to quantify processes affecting available running power. These processes involve power losses across internal resistances, most of which are accounted for by the geometry and known resistivities of the materials employed. Other major power losses are due to diffusion of gases through the electrodes and porous support tube of the cell. The experimental methods employed to determine these quantities are described, along with examples describing the effect of temperature and of current density.
THz Metrology and Instrumentation (2011)

This paper gives an overview of measurement techniques used in the THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from about 100 GHz to several THz. Currently available components necessary for THz metrology, such as sources, detectors and passives, are briefly described. A discussion of power measurements, vector network analysis and antenna measurements as well as the limitations of these measurements at THz frequencies is given. The paper concludes with a summary of available components and instrumentation for THz metrology at the time of writing.
From FOX-7 to H-FOX to insensitive energetic materials with hypergolic properties (2016)

Nitrogen/halogen rich derivatives, , , , and of FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene), and H-FOX (1-hydrazinyl-2,2-dinitroethenamine) have been synthesized, characterized and found to exhibit good energetic properties. Compound displays hypergolic properties with commonly utilized fuels such as monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), and hydrazine hydrate (HH), as well as with ethylenediamine (EN), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) showing ignition delay times between 2.5 to 10 ms. Additionally, the hypergolic properties of 4 and 8 were further studied by using ammonia borane as a fuel solubilized in a green ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide, (1 : 1 molar ratio). This is a new role for a derivative of H-FOX. The energetic and physical properties of all the molecules were either measured or calculated. All of materials were characterized by NMR, and infrared spectra, elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry. Single crystal X-ray structural measurements for and were helpful in their confirmation.
Relation of homocysteine to early nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes (2011)

Plasma total homocysteine concentration was independently associated with occurrence of early diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients. Future prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relationship.
Modeling Improved Prosody Generation from High-Level Linguistically Annotated Corpora (2005)

Synthetic speech usually suffers from bad F0 contour surface. The prediction of the underlying pitch targets robustly relies on the quality of the predicted prosodic structures, i.e. the corresponding sequences of tones and breaks. In the present work, we have utilized a linguistically enriched annotated corpus to build data-driven models for predicting prosodic structures with increased accuracy. We have then used a linear regression approach for the F0 modeling. An appropriate XML annotation scheme has been introduced to encode syntax, grammar, new or already given information, phrase subject/object information, as well as rhetorical elements in the corpus, by exploiting a Natural Language Generator (NLG) system. To prove the benefits from the introduction of the enriched input meta-information, we first show that while tone and break CART predictors have high accuracy when standing alone (92.35% for breaks, 87.76% for accents and 99.03% for endtones), their application in the TtS chain degrades the Linear Regression pitch target model. On the other hand, the enriched linguistic meta-information minimizes errors of models leading to a more natural F0 surface. Both objective and subjective evaluation were adopted for the intonation contours by taking into account the propagated errors introduced by each model in the synthesis chain.
First arrival time surface, estimation of statics (1983)

In this prospective study of Turkish women, we found that patients with gestational diabetes and women with abnormal screening test results (> 135 mg/dL) but normal OGTT results have higher homocysteine levels than normal pregnant women. This increased level seems to be related to an abnormal 50-g test but not to insulin resistance. Further investigations are needed to follow up for these patients in the postpartum period and later in their life.
Numerical Assessment of Error Estimators for Euler Equations (2001)

Grid convergence studies are conducted to assess four error estimators for their asymptotic behavior: explicit residual, solution reconstruction, Richardson extrapolation, and solution of the error equations. Their accuracy, reliability, and efficitivity to predict the true error are verified on the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations solved by a second-order accurate finite volume method