gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single‐blind and comparative clinical study of the efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide 4% gel (BID) and adapalene 0.1% Gel (QD) in the treatment of acne vulgaris for 11 weeks (2003)

objectives: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a gel containing benzoyl peroxide 4%, used twice daily, with a gel containing adapalene 0.1% used once daily, in the treatment of acne vulgaris for 11 weeks. methods: 178 patients bearing acne vulgaris, aged between 13 and 30 years, were studied in a comparative and single-blind clinical study. The 178 patients were divided into two groups: 89 patients treated with benzoyl peroxide 4% and 89 patients treated with adapalene 0.1%. The treatment duration was 11 weeks. The efficacy assessment was conducted through an accounting of both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions in all visits. The safety assessment was conducted through reports regarding adverse reactions and local tolerance in all visits and an overall tolerance at the end of the study. conclusions: The results showed that both treatments were efficient in the reduction of acne lesions after 11 weeks treatment and were well tolerated, without any serious adverse event report. The benzoyl peroxide 4% was superior in the reduction of the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions at weeks 2 and 5, when compared to adapalene 0.1%.
Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Capping Agents (2011)

ABSTRACT Biocompatible gold nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years for potential applications in bio-diagnostics, gas sensing, catalysis, and nanomedicine due to their interesting size-dependent properties. In the present work a chemical reduction method is used to produce gold nanoparticles with different capping agents. These nanoparticles were prepared by reducing HAuCl4 using citrate and trialanine phosphine (THPAL) and then capping with citrate, starch, and gum arabic. This article describes a general method for the preparation of citrate-, starch-, and gum arabic–coated gold nanoparticles. Non-toxic, water-soluble THPAL was used as a reducing agent in this process. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
High Energy Ion Irradiation-Induced Ordered Macropores in Zeolite Crystals (2011)

The present study demonstrated the possibility to form a secondary system of parallel macropores in zeolite crystals. The secondary pore formation was predetermined by the creation of defect zones in ZSM-5 crystals. A high energy (238)U ion beam was employed to form latent tracks in zeolite crystals, which were further subjected to attack with diluted HF solution and thus developed to uniformally sized macropores. The selective extraction of material from latent tracks was due to the higher etching velocity of highly agitated zones created by heavy ion bombardment. The combination of complementary methods unambiguously demonstrated the formation of hierarchical zeolite material comprising parallel macropores that extended through the entire crystal. The catalytic tests revealed improved activity at retained selectivity in the reaction of m-xylene conversion. The possibility to control the number of macropores per unit of crystal surface and thus the catalytic performance of the material was demonstrated. This model material is expected to bring better understanding to the effect of a secondary pore system in the catalytic performance of hierarchical zeolites obtained by the top-down or bottom-up approach.
Improved floating-gate devices using standard CMOS technology (1993)

A standard 2- mu m, double-polysilicon, CMOS technology has been used to fabricate a floating-gate MOSFET. The 12- mu m*17- mu m device is electrically programmed using hot-electron injection and electrically erased using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Both operations can be performed with voltages lower than the junction breakdown voltage of the process, allowing high integration density and improved reliability. Programming times of hundreds of microseconds and erase times of tends of milliseconds are reported, both for a Delta V/sub t/ of 3 V. The programming time is about five orders of magnitude shorter than that of previously reported devices in a similar technology. The device is suitable for both analog and digital applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Correlations of Pathogenesis-Driven Gene Expression Signatures in Tuberculosis (2011)

Tuberculosis remains a major health threat and its control depends on improved measures of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Biosignatures can play a significant role in the development of novel intervention measures against TB and blood transcriptional profiling is increasingly exploited for their rational design. Such profiles also reveal fundamental biological mechanisms associated with the pathology of the disease. We have compared whole blood gene expression in TB patients, as well as in healthy infected and uninfected individuals in a cohort in The Gambia, West Africa and validated previously identified signatures showing high similarities of expression profiles among different cohorts. In this study, we applied a unique combination of classical gene expression analysis with pathway and functional association analysis integrated with intra-individual expression correlations. These analyses were employed for identification of new disease-associated gene signatures, identifying a network of Fc gamma receptor 1 signaling with correlating transcriptional activity as hallmark of gene expression in TB. Remarkable similarities to characteristic signatures in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were observed. Functional gene clusters of immunoregulatory interactions involving the JAK-STAT pathway; sensing of microbial patterns by Toll-like receptors and IFN-signaling provide detailed insights into the dysregulation of critical immune processes in TB, involving active expression of both pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory systems. We conclude that transcriptomics (i) provides a robust system for identification and validation of biosignatures for TB and (ii) application of integrated analysis tools yields novel insights into functional networks underlying TB pathogenesis.
Analysis of switching dynamics with competing neural networks (1995)

Introduction Neural networks have been broadly used as approximators of nonlinear functions and as tools for classification and prediction. Trained from input and output examples, they provide a powerful structure for the representation of relations present in data [1, 2]. An important prerequisite for the successful application of such systems, however, is a certain uniformity of the data. In most cases of temporally ordered data, a stationary process is assumed, i.e. the relations remain constant over time. If, on the contrary, the data originate from different sources, the assumption of stationarity has to be discarded. In principle, we can think of three different kinds of non-stationarities: (a) a superposition of many sources or the case, where the underlying system (b) drifts or (c) switches between different dynamics. In all cases standard approaches like simple multi-layer perceptrons are likely to fail to represent the underlying input-output relations. In the presen
Re-opening the Katapetasma ("Veil") in Hebrews 6:19 (2000)

This hope we have as an anchor of the soul, a hope both sure and steadfast and one which enters within the veil (EL< zb iocJzcpov TOG ~ara.rrcz&apazo),[20]where Jesus has entered as a forerunner for us, having become a high priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek" (NASB) .In his 1987 AUSS article entitled "Hebrews 6:19: Analysis of Some Assumptions Concerning Kutapetusmu," George Rice successfully demonstrated that in the Septuagint the word ~ara.rriraopacan refer to any of three curtains/veils of the ancient Israelite sanctuary: the screen of the coun (e.g.Exod 37: 16 [= MT & Eng.38: 181; Num 3:26), the screen at the entrance to the sacred tent (e.g., Exod 26:37; 37:5 [= MT & Eng.36:37$, and the inner veil that separated the holy of holies from the outer sanctum (e.g.Exod 26:3 1, 33,34,35).'Having shown that ~ararrCraopa, can have a variety of meanings, Rice maintained that in Heb 6:19 the word should be freed from the generally accepted idea that it is the inner/second veil: and interpreted ~ararrCraopa in this context as referring 'AUSS 25 (1987): 65-71.In his list of references to the courtyard veil, Rice includes Exod 37:26, which appears to be a typographical error for Exod 37:16 (67 n. 9).Rice's article has been reprinted as
A 2D Ultrasonic array design incorporating hexagonal-shaped elements and triangular-cut piezocomposite substructure for NDE applications (2009)

Contemporary 2D Ultrasonic arrays suffer from low SNR and limited steering capabilities. Yet, there is a great desire in the industry to increase the operational frequency, in order to enhance their volumetric imaging resolution. State-of-the art arrays use an orthogonal matrix of rectangular elements as this is a natural step forward from the conventional 1D array structure. The objective of this work is to evaluate properties of triangular, rather than rectangular ceramic pillars in a 1-3 connectivity piezoelectric composite for application in a hexagonal-element 2D array. A 3MHz prototype device exploiting new hexagonal substructure have been manufactured. Measured mechanical cross-coupling level is -21.9dB between neighbouring hexagonal elements, providing validation of simulation result. Corroboration between measured and FE modelled device behaviour is demonstrated.
Patterning Fluorescent Quantum Dot Nanocomposites by Reactive Inkjet Printing (2015)

Fluorescent quantum dot nanocomposites, including polymer and photonic crystal quantum dots, have been fabricated by reactive inkjet printing. This reactive inkjet printing method has the potential to be broadened to fabrication of other functional nanomaterials, which will find promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Bioelectrochemical Energy Conversion (1964)

The interaction between photosynthetic microorganisms and an inert electrode material was examined. Cathodic polarization values of platinum-bearing marine algae were obtained over a wide current-density range under both illumination and dark conditions. A potential shift of 0.6 v in the cathodic direction occurred upon illumination at a current density of 4.3 mua/cm(2). Similar photo-induced results, involving anodic polarization, were obtained by use of resting cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum supplemented with malate. Appropriate combinations of such bioelectrodes were used to assemble an electrochemical cell capable of light-dependent production of electrical energy.
Osmotic pressure-induced pores in phospholipid vesicles (1975)

We report a comparative study of the leadage of hydrophilic molecules from vesicles of egg lecithin (EL) and of dipalmitoyllecithin (DPL). The effect of osmotic pressure differences a leakage is consistent with a model for statistical pore nucleation process. The major difference in osmotic pressure induced leakage from DPL and EL is that the number of pore creation sites is much greater in DPL. We suggest that the difference in number of these sites also accounts for other differences in the properties of DPL and EL, namely for differences in vesicle fusion and apparent rate of "flip-flop".
Changes in Structural and Electronic Properties of the Zeolite Framework Induced by Extraframework Al and La in H-USY and La(<i>x</i>)NaY:  A<sup>29</sup>Si and<sup>27</sup>Al MAS NMR and<sup>27</sup>Al MQ MAS NMR Study (2000)

A 27Al 3Q MAS, a quantitative 27Al MAS, and a 29Si MAS NMR study has been carried out on La(x)NaY and H-USY. Assignment of the different types of Al coordinations has been done using the results of the MQ MAS experiments. The 29Si MAS and 27Al MAS NMR results obtained at high fields (14.1 T) and fast MAS up to 27 kHz made a quantitative assignment possible of the framework and nonframework Al coordinations. It is shown that highly charged octahedrally coordinated extraframework Al causes a polarization inducing a quadrupolar broadening of part of the framework Al in ultrastable Y. A similar interaction is found for the framework of La(x)NaY due to the La3+ cations. In both cases, charged extraframework species polarize the framework Al. In La(x)NaY, La3+ in a cation position and in H-USY extraframework octahedral Al are the origin of the polarization. Besides this short-range polarization effect, an additional long-range effect is observed in La(x)NaY. This long-range geometrical effect causes an increase in both Si−O−Al and Si−O−Si angles depending on the La content.
A 50 NS 256K CMOS split gate EPROM (1987)

The performance limitations of the single cell FAMOS transistor have hindered the development of high speed MOS EPROM's that can match Bipolar PROMs for speed. Previous approaches to high speed MOS EPROMS have centered around a 4-T 11 I or a 2-T cell with It's inherent die area disadvantage and, hence, resulted in their manufacturable densities being limited to under 64K.
Interplay Between Oxidative Damage, Protein Synthesis, and ProteinDegradation in Alzheimer′s Disease (2006)

Protein synthesis and protein degradation are highly regulated cellular processes that are essential to maintaining cell viability. Numerous studies now indicate that protein synthesis and protein degradation are significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with impairments in these two processes potentially contributing to AD pathogenesis. Alterations in steady state protein regulation may be a particularly important factor in regulating whether cells maintain homeostasis in response to oxidative damage, or conversely whether oxidative stress is induced by oxidative damage. The focus of this review is to discuss recent findings on each of these topics, and to discuss their importance to the onset and progression of AD.
Failure to induce a DNA repair gene, RAD54, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not affect DNA repair or recombination phenotypes. (1989)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 gene is transcriptionally regulated by a broad spectrum of DNA-damaging agents. Induction of RAD54 by DNA-damaging agents is under positive control. Sequences responsible for DNA damage induction (the DRS element) lie within a 29-base-pair region from -99 to -70 from the most proximal transcription start site. This inducible promoter element is functionally separable from a poly(dA-dT) region immediately downstream which is required for constitutive expression. Deletions which eliminate induction of RAD54 transcription by DNA damage but do not affect constitutive expression have no effect on growth or survival of noninducible strains relative to wild-type strains in the presence of DNA-damaging agents. The DRS element is also not required for homothallic mating type switching, transcriptional induction of RAD54 during meiosis, meiotic recombination, or spontaneous or X-ray-induced mitotic recombination. We find no phenotype for a lack of induction of RAD54 message via the damage-inducible DRS, which raises significant questions about the physiology of DNA damage induction in S. cerevisiae.
Mental health. Facing hard truths. (2000)

A survey of 104 mental health units found that half did not have policies on treatment of detained patients from black and ethnic minority groups. Almost three-quarters had no policy for dealing with racial harassment of black and ethnic-minority patients. 11 percent of patients whose notes were examined had reported racial harassment.
Symmetric Double Side Two Way Ranging with Unequal Reply Time (2007)

This paper presents a new ranging method called symmetric double side two way ranging with unequal reply time (SDS-TWR-URT). The proposed method is able to reduce the ranging error due to the clock crystal drift when there are significant variations in the reply time at the sensor nodes.
Development of high-performance GaInAsP solar cells for tandem solar cell applications (2002)

Recent results in the development of high-efficiency, low-bandgap GaInAsP solar cells epitaxially grown and lattice matched on InP substrates are presented. Such cells are intended to be used as optimum bottom cell components in tandem solar cells. Assuming that a GaAs-based top cell is used, computer simulation of the potential bottom cell performance as a function of the cell bandgap and incident spectrum indicates that two particular alloys are desirable: Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As (E/sub g/=0.75 eV) for space applications and Ga/sub 0.25/In/sub 0.75/As/sub 0.54/P/sub 0.4/$ (E/sub g/=0.95 eV) for terrestrial applications. In each of these materials, solar cells with new record-level efficiencies have been fabricated. The efficiency boost available to tandem configurations from these low-bandgap cells is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Melt Grown ZnO Bulk Crystals (2009)

Bulk crystals of zinc oxide can be grown from the melt by a Bridgman technique under pressure. This new technology using an iridium crucible shows the potential to yield large single crystals of good crystalline perfection. Crystals with diameters up to 33 mm and a length of up to 50 mm have been demonstrated. The impurity content can be strongly reduced by using the crucibles repeatedly.
Using artificial anomalies to detect unknown and known network intrusions (2002)

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) must be capable of detecting new and unknown attacks, or anomalies. We study the problem of building detection models for both pure anomaly detection and combined misuse and anomaly detection (i.e., detection of both known and unknown intrusions). We propose an algorithm to generate artificial anomalies to coerce the inductive learner into discovering an accurate boundary between known classes (normal connections and known intrusions) and anomalies. Empirical studies show that our pure anomaly detection model trained using normal and artificial anomalies is capable of detecting more than 77% of all unknown intrusion classes with more than. 50% accuracy per intrusion class. The combined misuse and anomaly detection models are as accurate as a pure misuse detection model in detecting known intrusions and are capable of detecting at least 50% of unknown intrusion classes with accuracy measurements between 75% and 100% per class.
Three-dimensional Saturation Transfer 31P-MRI in Muscles of the Lower Leg at 3.0 T (2014)

The creatine kinase (CK) reaction plays a critical role in skeletal muscle function, and can be studied non-invasively using phosphorus ((31)P) saturation transfer (ST) techniques. However, due to the low MR sensitivity of the (31)P nucleus, most studies on clinically approved magnetic fields (≤3.0 T) have been performed with coarse resolution and limited tissue coverage. However, such methods are not able to detect spatially resolved metabolic heterogeneities, which may be important in diseases of the skeletal muscle. In this study, our aim was to develop and implement a (31)P-MRI method for mapping the kinetics of the CK reaction, and the unidirectional phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolic fluxes in muscles of the lower leg on a clinical 3.0 T MR scanner. We imaged the lower leg muscles of ten healthy volunteers (total experimental time: 40 min, nominal voxel sizes 0.5 mL), and found statistically significant differences between the kinetics of the CK reaction among muscle groups. Our developed technique may allow in the future the early detection of focal metabolic abnormalities in diseases that affect the function of the skeletal muscle.
Point-contact spectroscopy of the electron-phonon interaction in palladium (1991)

Results are reported of the experimental point-contact spectroscopy and of the theoretical investigation of the electron-phonon interaction (EPI) in palladium. It is shown that positions of the peaks in the point-contact spectral function are determined by the structure of the phonon spectrum, while their relative intensities depend on the Fermi surface topology and EPI anisotropy.
A combined dose calculation and verification method for a small animal precision irradiator based on onboard imaging (2012)

Comparing simulated to acquired OBI during small animal treatment radiotherapy represents a useful treatment delivery tool.
Estimation of the Limit of Detection in Chromatography (1985)

A method for estimating the limit of detection of a chromatographic procedure is described. It defines the detection limit as the analyte concentration that produces a chromatographic peak having a height equal to three times the standard deviation of the baseline noise. The latter quantity is estimated from the height of the largest noise fluctuation measured in a pre-selected chart interval. This relationship is developed through the use of the Camp-Meidell extension of the Bienayme-Tchebycheff inequality and information theoretical concepts. A simple equation, as well as a procedure for carrying out the calculation, is given.
A slot coupled microstrip antenna with a thick ground plane (1993)

A thick ground plane for a slot-coupled microstrip antenna is proposed as a support and as a heat sink for an MMIC installed on the back plane of the active array antenna. The influence of a thick metal ground plane has been investigated in detail. Both measured and calculated results of VSWR and the calculated back lobe are shown in detail. The calculated results agree well with the measurements. It is made clear that the thickness of the ground plane can be extended to five times that of the antenna substrate while maintaining the antenna performance. Results are applicable to the practical design of an integrated antenna at millimeter wave frequencies with an MMIC.
Beyond Synthetic Lethality: Charting the Landscape of Pairwise Gene Expression States Associated with Survival in Cancer (2019)

The phenotypic effect of perturbing a gene's activity depends on the activity level of other genes, reflecting the notion that phenotypes are emergent properties of a network of functionally interacting genes. In the context of cancer, contemporary investigations have primarily focused on just one type of functional relationship between two genes-synthetic lethality (SL). Here, we define the more general concept of "survival-associated pairwise gene expression states" (SPAGEs) as gene pairs whose joint expression levels are associated with survival. We describe a data-driven approach called SPAGE-finder that when applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data identified 71,946 SPAGEs spanning 12 distinct types, only a minority of which are SLs. The detected SPAGEs explain cancer driver genes' tissue specificity and differences in patients' response to drugs and stratify breast cancer tumors into refined subtypes. These results expand the scope of cancer SPAGEs and lay a conceptual basis for future studies of SPAGEs and their translational applications.
Selecting Stars: The k Most Representative Skyline Operator (2007)

Skyline computation has many applications including multi-criteria decision making. In this paper, we study the problem of selecting k skyline points so that the number of points, which are dominated by at least one of these k skyline points, is maximized. We first present an efficient dynamic programming based exact algorithm in a 2d-space. Then, we show that the problem is NP-hard when the dimensionality is 3 or more and it can be approximately solved by a polynomial time algorithm with the guaranteed approximation ratio 1-1/e. To speed-up the computation, an efficient, scalable, index-based randomized algorithm is developed by applying the FM probabilistic counting technique. A comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrates that our randomized technique is very efficient, highly accurate, and scalable.