gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periodontal risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning (2001)

The prevention and treatment of the periodontal diseases is based on accurate diagnosis, reduction or elimination of causative agents, risk management and correction of the harmful effects of disease. Prominent and confirmed risk factors or risk predictors for periodontitis in adults include smoking, diabetes, race, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, low education, infrequent dental attendance and genetic influences. Several other specific periodontal bacteria, herpesviruses, increased age, male, sex, depression, race, traumatic occlusion and female osteoporosis in the presence of heavy dental calculus have been shown to be associated with loss of periodontal support and can be considered to be risk indicators of periodontitis. The presence of furcation involvement, tooth mobility, and a parafunctional habit without the use of a biteguard are associated with a poorer periodontal prognosis following periodontal therapy. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a thorough evaluation of data that have been systematically collected by: 1) patient interview, 2) medical consultation as indicated, 3) clinical periodontal examination, 4) radiographic examination, and 5) laboratory tests as needed. Clinical signs of periodontal disease such as pocket depth, loss of clinical attachment and bone loss are cumulative measures of past disease. They do not provide the dentist with a current assessment of disease activity. In an attempt to improve the ability to predict future disease progression, several types of diagnostic tests have been studied, including host inflammatory products and mediators, enzymes, tissue breakdown products and subgingival temperature. In general, the usefulness of these tests for predicting future disease activity remains to be established in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Although microbiological analysis of subgingival plaque is not necessary to diagnose and treat most patients with periodontitis, it is helpful when treating patients with unusual forms of periodontal disease such as early-onset, refractory and rapidly progressive disease. There appears to be a strong genetic component in some types of periodontal disease and genetic testing for disease susceptibility has potential for future use, but more research is needed to determine its utility for use in clinical practice. Treatment of the periodontal diseases may be divided into four phases: systemic, hygienic, corrective and maintenance or supportive periodontal therapy. Regardless of the type of treatment provided, periodontal therapy will fail or will be less effective in the absence of adequate supportive periodontal therapy.
Fast Beam Tracking Discontinuous Reception for D2D-Based UAV MmWave Communication (2019)

The device-to-device (D2D) communication integrated with the millimeter-wave (mmWave) air interface will play a significant role in the future mobile communication in terms of high transmission rate and deployment flexibility. Meanwhile, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promoted as D2D nodes to support D2D-enabled networks for broad coverage. In this paper, we provide a new D2D-based UAV mmWave communication framework, in which the UAVs are mobile nodes and have stringent energy constraints. Therefore, the energy-efficient technology which can turn on the UAVs' radio only when necessary and overcome the resulting easily-occurred beam misalignments due to the radio OFF periods and the aircrafts' agile mobility is required urgently. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel fast beam tracking discontinuous reception (FBT-DRX) mechanism. A new Semi-Markov model is designed to analytically investigate the statistical property of the proposed scheme. Different from many published works on DRX with beamforming, we take the impact of UAV movements into account when deriving the exact closed-form expressions of sleep ratio and average packet delay. Finally, the numerical results are supplied to evaluate the effects of different key parameters on the system performance, and demonstrate that the FBT-DRX mechanism can perform well both in power saving and packet delay in the considered framework.
AERODYNAMIC MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SHROUDED-FAN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (2002)

This paper deals with the estimation of the aerodynamic coefficients and performance analysis for a shrouded-fan unmanned aircraft. The complexity of the flo w around this kind of vehicles in conjunction with the strong interaction between fan flo w and the velocity field about the fuselage, make the aerodynamic coefficients computation a very difficult task. The purpose of this paper is to formulate, by means of the Lagrangian approach, an aerodynamic model for the determination of the aerodynamic coefficients of the shroud, suitable for performance analysis.
The antioxidant paradox: less paradoxical now? (2012)

The term 'antioxidant paradox' is often used to refer to the observation that oxygen radicals and other reactive oxygen species are involved in several human diseases, but giving large doses of dietary antioxidant supplements to human subjects has, in most studies, demonstrated little or no preventative or therapeutic effect. Why should this be? First, the role of reactive oxygen species in the origin and/or progression of most human diseases is unclear, although they are probably important in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and perhaps some others. Second, the endogenous antioxidant defences in the human body are complex, interlocking and carefully regulated. The body's 'total antioxidant capacity' seems unresponsive to high doses of dietary antioxidants, so that the amount of oxidative damage to key biomolecules is rarely changed. Indeed, manipulation of endogenous antioxidant levels (e.g. by supplying weak pro-oxidants) may be a more useful approach to treatment and prevention of diseases in which reactive oxygen species are important than is consumption of large doses of dietary antioxidants.
Natural and Experimental Rhinovirus Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract (1995)

Rhinoviruses are the cause of the majority of common colds, but their role in lower respiratory disorders is less clear. Recent studies using the polymerase chain reaction to detect rhinoviruses have established respiratory viral infections as major factors in the induction of acute exacerbations of asthma in both adults and children, both in mild exacerbations and in more severe exacerbations leading to hospital admission. Rhinoviruses were the major virus type detected in these studies, accounting for two-thirds of viruses detected. It is not known whether rhinoviruses produce their effects by directly invading the lower airway or by indirect means. Previous clinical studies provide some evidence that rhinoviruses are capable of infecting the lower airway. However, the immunologic response, both in the upper and lower airways, remains poorly defined. Recent studies have provided evidence of increased cellular activation in peripheral blood and in bronchial biopsies in atopic subjects compared with normal subjects during experimental rhinovirus infections. The reasons for these different cellular responses are unclear. Rhinoviruses as well as other respiratory viruses have been shown to increase levels of a variety of cytokines from respiratory epithelium, monocytes, or macrophages. Prominent among these cytokines is interleukin (IL)-8. We have detected increased levels of IL-8 in nasal secretions from subjects with wild-type rhinovirus infections. We studied the mechanisms of rhinovirus-induced IL-8 production and and found protein release from both pulmonary epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This protein production was accompanied by increased mRNA expression and evidence of infection of both pulmonary epithelial and monocyte cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutation of the conserved first nucleotide of a group II intron from yeast mitochondrial DNA reduces the rate but allows accurate splicing (1993)

Group II introns have a phylogenetically conserved 5'-terminal pentanucleotide, -G1U2G3C4G5-, that resembles the conserved 5' end sequence of nuclear pre-mRNA introns. No functional interaction or catalytic role for the conserved G1 position has been proposed, although a tertiary structure involving -G3C4- has been implicated in splicing in vitro. We have analyzed splicing phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo for all three point mutants affecting guanosine at position 1 (G1) of intron 5 gamma from the COXI gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA. While all of these G1N substitutions slow splicing in vitro, G1C is clearly the most defective. All three mutant transcripts splice as accurately as the wild-type transcript, although the yield of lariat intron is reduced. The branched trinucleotide core includes the mutated position 1 nucleotide linked to the canonical branchpoint adenosine. The mutant lariats vary significantly in their susceptibility to the debranching activity from human cells. After wild-type, G1A was most sensitive, G1U was somewhat resistant, while G1C was highly resistant to debranching. These mutant lariats had normal ribozyme activity for promoting spliced exon reopening. The three mutant introns were transformed into otherwise normal yeast mitochondrial DNA. These mutants grow on nonfermentable carbon sources and splce aI5 gamma to yield excised intron lariat and mRNA. Nonetheless, each mutant splices with reduced efficiency, roughly parallel to their in vitro activity. In vivo, all three mutants accumulate both the pre-mRNA retaining intron 5 gamma and the lariat splicing intermediate containing intron and 3' exon. Clearly, this primary sequence element, shared with nuclear pre-mRNA introns, has a very different functional significance in group II splicing.
The Second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (2014)

A spoken dialog system, while communicating with a user, must keep track of what the user wants from the system at each step.This process, termed dialog state tracking, is essential for a successful dialog system as it directly informs the system's actions.The first Dialog State Tracking Challenge allowed for evaluation of different dialog state tracking techniques, providing common testbeds and evaluation suites.This paper presents a second challenge, which continues this tradition and introduces some additional features -a new domain, changing user goals and a richer dialog state.The challenge received 31 entries from 9 research groups.The results suggest that while large improvements on a competitive baseline are possible, trackers are still prone to degradation in mismatched conditions.An investigation into ensemble learning demonstrates the most accurate tracking can be achieved by combining multiple trackers.
A microstrip multiple beam forming lens (1984)

A recent paper1 has described the design and performance of a waveguide-fed parallel plate lens which provides five beams from a sixteen element antenna array, with sidelobes ≈ − 20 dB and beam crossovers ≈ − 10dB, in the frequency band 8–12 GHz. A microstrip version of this lens has been designed, constructed and tested, with the addition of a beam port overlap network to now provide nine beams with crossovers ≈ − 2 dB. Fair performance is achieved at midband, but internal reflections are found to limit the bandwidth of the microstrip lens design.
Post-routing redundant via insertion for yield/reliability improvement (2006)

Reducing the yield loss due to via failure is one of the important problems in design for manufacturability. A well known and highly recommended method to improve via yield/reliability is to add redundant vias. In this paper we study the problem of post-routing redundant via insertion and formulate it as a maximum independent set (MIS) problem. We present an efficient graph construction algorithm to model the problem, and an effective MIS heuristic to solve the problem. The experimental results show that our MIS heuristic inserts more redundant vias and distributes them more uniformly among via layers than a commercial tool and an existing method. The number of inserted redundant vias can be increased by up to 21.24%. Besides, since redundant vias can be classified into on-track and off-track ones, and on-track ones have better electrical properties, we also present two methods (one is modified from the MIS heuristic, and the other is applied as a post processor) to increase the amount of on-track redundant vias. The experimental results indicate that both methods perform very well.
Color quantization of images based on human vision perception (2002)

In many color-imaging applications, it is desirable to represent the image with as few different colors as possible without loss of visual quality. In this paper, we address the problem of color quantization of images for display on an 8-bit color monitor. We have developed a subjective distortion measure which accounts for the higher sensitivity of the human visual system to errors in low activity areas compared to errors in high activity areas. We propose a color quantization algorithm based on this distortion measure applied to a cubic prequantizer and to a weighted tree structured vector quantizer (TSVQ) to obtain the final 8-bit color palette. The resulting images displayed with our 8-bit color quantization algorithm show higher visual quality than the images displayed using dithering, error-diffusion and other existing color image display software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Anaerobic Respiration in Engineered</i><scp>Escherichia coli</scp><i>with an Internal Electron Acceptor to Produce Fuel Ethanol</i> (2008)

Environmental concerns and unease with U.S. dependence on foreign oil have renewed interest in converting biomass into fuel ethanol. The volume of plant matter available makes lignocellulose conversion to ethanol desirable, although no one isolated organism has been shown to break bonds in lignocellulose and efficiently metabolize resulting sugars into one product. This work reviews directed engineering coupled with metabolic evolution resulting in microbial biocatalysts that produce up to 45 g L(-1) ethanol in 48 hours in a simple mineral salts medium and that convert various compounds of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol. Mutations contributing to ethanologenesis are discussed along with adding enzymatic capabilities to existing biocatalysts in order to decrease the commercial enzymes required to reduce plant matter into fermentable sugars.
Fabrication of Graphene Thin Films Based on Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets (2011)

In this study, we present a facile means of fabricating graphene thin films via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of charged graphene nanosheets (GS) based on electrostatic interactions. To this end, graphite oxide (GO) obtained from graphite powder using Hummers method is chemically reduced to carboxylic acid-functionalized GS and amine-functionalized GS to perform an alternate LbL deposition between oppositely charged GSs. Specifically, for successful preparation of positively charged GS, GOs are treated with an intermediate acyl-chlorination reaction by thionyl chloride and a subsequent amidation reaction in pyridine, whereby a stable GO dispersibility can be maintained within the polar reaction solvent. As a result, without the aid of additional hybridization with charged nanomaterials or polyelectrolytes, the oppositely charged graphene nanosheets can be electrostatically assembled to form graphene thin films in an aqueous environment, while obtaining controllability over film thickness and transparency. Finally, the electrical property of the assembled graphene thin films can be enhanced through a thermal treatment process. Notably, the introduction of chloride functions during the acyl-chlorination reaction provides the p-doping effect for the assembled graphene thin films, yielding a sheet resistance of 1.4 kΩ/sq with a light transmittance of 80% after thermal treatment. Since the proposed method allows for large-scale production as well as elaborate manipulation of the physical properties of the graphene thin films, it can be potentially utilized in various applications, such as transparent electrodes, flexible displays and highly sensitive biosensors.
Lung preservation and lung injury. (1995)

Lung preservation and its attendant ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complex phenomenon that begins with lung injury that may be present in the donor before any preservation intervention. Acute preservation interventions in common use include single-flush perfusion and donor core-cooling on cardiopulmonary bypass. From this moment forward the ischemia injury begins, and increases during the phase of organ storage. The lung continues to metabolize glucose even at these low temperatures, and future improvements may well lie in recognizing this requirement. With reperfusion, another phase of lung injury begins as the ischemic lung is overloaded with oxygen and oxygen free radicals are generated. Research efforts have focused on minimizing the effect of free-radicals at various steps along their formation and diminishing their interaction with cell membranes.
Maximum a posteriori state estimation: a neural processing algorithm (2003)

A computational algorithm is presented for obtaining the maximum a posteriori estimates of the states of a stochastic dynamical system by programming a neural network. It is well known that for real-time control implementations, especially in such applications as multitarget tracking and vision-guided robots, the computational requirements for solving such state estimation problems attain particular significance, and parallel processing techniques are highly useful. The performance of the algorithm has been investigated by conducting several numerical experiments. It appears to be useful for handling state estimation problems arising in real-world applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lo que hacen los grandes directivos (2005)

Los grandes directivos parecen comprender esto de forma instintiva. Saben que su trabajo no consiste en proporcionar a cada empleado una comprension precisa y desapasionada sobre los limites de sus fortalezas y la responsabilidad de sus defectos, sino en reforzar su auto-confianza. Esta es la razon por la cual los grandes directivos se centran en las fortalezas. Cuando una persona tiene exito, el directivo excepcional no elogia el duro trabajo que ha realizado.
Toward 21st Century Blood Component Replacement Therapeutics: Artificial Oxygen Carriers, Platelet Substitutes, Recombinant Clotting Factors, and Others (2006)

In this brief overview, recent progress and current status of blood substitute research and development is summarized. Current blood substitute development efforts are focused on red blood cell substitutes but substitutes for platelets and other blood components are also in progress. Red cell substitutes currently in various stages of development are semi-synthetic or synthetic oxygen carriers that include "stealth" or "masked" red cells, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers. Artificial platelets (or platelet substitutes) are in early stages of development and include human platelet fragments or particles of synthetic/semi-synthetic materials or recombinant human serum albumin coupled with platelet surface receptor fragments. Of note, some recombinant clotting factors (Factors VII, VIII, IX) have already been successfully developed and licensed for treatment of hemophilia. In addition, some future approaches and prospects of blood component replacement therapeutics are discussed.
SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF HEXAMETAPHOSPHATEG. B. Hatch and Owen RiceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 1, 51–58Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50349a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50349a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Phenylpropanolamine and the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke (2000)

The results suggest that phenylpropanolamine in appetite suppressants, and possibly in cough and cold remedies, is an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke in women.
Kidney and anti-kidney vortices in crossflow jets (1997)

Water tunnel experiments were conducted to examine the effect of hole exit geometry on the near-field characteristics of crossflow jets. Hole shapes investigated were round, elliptical, square, and rectangular, all having the same cross-sectional area. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were used. The vorticity around the circumference of the jet was tracked to identify its relative contributions to the nascent streamwise vortices, which evolve eventually into kidney vortices downstream. The distinction between sidewall vorticity and that from the leading and trailing edges, though blurred for a round hole, became clear for a square or a rectangular hole. The choice of non-circular holes also made it possible to reveal the unexpected double-decked structures of streamwise vortices and link them to the vorticity generated along the wall of the hole. The lowermost vortex pair of the double-decked structures, located beneath the jet, is what we call a ‘steady’ vortex pair. This pair is always present and has the same sense of rotation as the kidney vortices. The origin of these lower-deck vortices is the hole sidewall boundary layer: as the jet emanates from the hole, the crossflow forces the sidewall boundary layer to roll up into nascent kidney vortices. Here, hole width sets the lateral separation of these steady sidewall vortices. The vortices comprising the upper deck ride intermittently over the top of the ‘steady’ lower pair. The sense of rotation of these upper-deck vortices depends on hole geometry and can be the same as, or opposite to, the lower pair. The origin of the upper deck is the hole leading-edge boundary layer. This vorticity, initially aligned transverse to the crossflow direction, is realigned by the entrainment of crossflow momentum and thus induces a streamwise component of vorticity. Depending on hole geometry, this induced streamwise vorticity can be opposite to the lower-deck vortex pair. The opposing pair, called the ‘anti-kidney’ pair, competes with the nascent kidney-vortices and affects the jet lift-off. The hole trailing-edge boundary layer can likewise be turned toward the streamwise direction. In this case, the turning is caused by the strong reverse flow just downstream of the jet. In the present range of parameters, all hole boundary layer vorticity, regardless of its origin along the hole circumference, is found to influence the kidney vortices downstream.