gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diamondoids in Tracing Petroleum Systems: Case Studies from the Unconventional Reservoirs of North America (2020)

Molecular diamonds, known as diamondoids are naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds found in crude-oil and rock extracts. Diamondoids feature unique thermal stability owing to the carbon cage-like backbone structures. Therefore, unlike classical geochemical compounds, diamondoids provide a robust molecular-marker for fingerprinting hydrocarbon fluids and assessing thermal maturity. In this study, we present the application of quantitative extended diamondoid analysis (QEDA), together with compound-specific isotope analysis of diamondoid hydrocarbons (CSIA-D) recovered from the major USA unconventional reservoirs. The application of diamondoids is demonstrated for three major unconventional reservoirs of North America. A collection of crude oils, condensates, and rock-extracts were examined from Shale formations including the Eagle Ford and Woodford Shales. Core and fluid samples are located within three major US basins including Maverick, Permian and Anadarko basins. Hydrocarbons were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method for measuring the absolute concentrations of diamondoid and biomarker compounds. Further, diamondoid-isolates were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry equipped with gas chromatography for CSIA-D. Diamondoids composition provides a unique geochemical tool for the unconventional reservoir, in detecting petroleum mixing and fingerprinting fluids of various maturities. In the Anadarko Basin, the Woodford Shale produced oils in central Oklahoma show a dual signature of elevated diamondoid abundance together with the biomarkers, suggesting hydrocarbon mixing of black-oils and cracked dry and wet gas. Moreover, Eagle Ford fluids produced from the Maverick Basin are mature hydrocarbons lacking biomarkers to allocate their zone of production. Diamondoid fingerprints allowed for tracking their production through time and identifying the sweet-spot depth in which most hydrocarbons were contributing. In the Permian Basin, diamondoid fingerprints were used to establish unmixed end-members from oils produced from the Woodford Shale, Eilenberg Carbonate and Pennsylvanian shale, and identify highly mature mixed oil commingled between the Woodford Shale and Ellenburger carbonate source rocks. Identification of the sweet-spots and allocating produced hydrocarbons are crucial factors in the successes of unconventional plays. Most produced fluids in major US unconventional reservoirs are at high levels of thermal maturity, at which classical biomarkers are either absent or in very low concentrations; whereas, diamondoids are abundant, providing a novel technique to fingerprint fluids throughout the range of different maturity stages. In unconventional reservoir operation, diamondoids can be used in time-lapse geochemistry as a cost-effective tool along with other seismic-based techniques.
Changes of asymmetric dimethylarginine, nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction by medical treatments. (2007)

The relationship among the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)], NOS cofactor [tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4))], and superoxide anion in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still unknown. This study sought to assess the NOS inhibitor and cofactor with oxidative stress in AMI patients (n=9) during initial administration and 4 weeks after medical treatments. We measured plasma NOS inhibitor and cofactor (ADMA and BH(4)) by HPLC and plasma oxidized-LDL by ELISA. Blood samples from age-matched healthy volunteers (n=9) were taken for comparison. In AMI, plasma ADMA, oxidized-BH(4) (BH(2)+biopterin) and oxidized-LDL significantly increased (P<0.0001, P<0.01 and P<0.05 vs. healthy volunteers) and plasma BH(4), plasma nitrate and L-arginine/ADMA significantly decreased compared with healthy volunteers (P<0.0001, P<0.05 and P<0.005 vs. healthy volunteers). Medical treatments improved plasma ADMA, nitrate, BH(4) and oxidized-LDL. In conclusion, ADMA increased, and NO and BH(4) decreased with oxidative stress in AMI, and these mediators improved in AMI patients with medical treatments. These findings indicated that inhibition of NOS with oxidative stress plays a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction in patients with AMI.
Targeting Malignant Mitochondria With Therapeutic Peptides (2012)

The current status of peptides that target the mitochondria in the context of cancer is the focus of this review. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy used to kill tumor cells are principally mediated by the process of apoptosis that is governed by the mitochondria. The failure of anticancer therapy often resides at the level of the mitochondria. Therefore, the mitochondrion is a key pharmacological target in cancer due to many of the differences that arise between malignant and healthy cells at the level of this ubiquitous organelle. Additionally, targeting the characteristics of malignant mitochondira often rely on disruption of protein--protein interactions that are not generally amenable to small molecules. We discuss anticancer peptides that intersect with pathological changes in the mitochondrion.
1 MHz repetition rate hollow fiber pulse compression to sub-100-fs duration at 100 W average power (2011)

We report on nonlinear pulse compression at very high average power. A high-power fiber chirped pulse amplification system based on a novel large pitch photonic crystal fiber delivers 700 fs pulses with 200 μJ pulse energy at a 1 MHz repetition rate, resulting in 200 W of average power. Subsequent spectral broadening in a xenon-filled hollow-core fiber and pulse compression with chirped mirrors is employed for pulse shortening and peak power enhancement. For the first time, to our knowledge, more than 100 W of average power are transmitted through a noble-gas-filled hollow fiber. After pulse compression of 81 fs, 93 μJ pulses are obtained at a 1 MHz repetition rate.
Notes-Polymethylol (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes-PolymethylolCornelius Unruh and Donald SmithCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 625Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online10 June 2003Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01098a612https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Lineage and Cell Migration in the Neural Crest (1991)

The neural crest is a transient embryonic structure whose cells migrate extensively before giving rise to a variety of differentiated cell types. Both intrinsic cell lineage information and environmental cues are thought to play a role in determining the fate of these cells. Early in development, these cells can be divided into distinct populations based on their axial level of origin. Cranial neural crest cells differentiate into facial cartilage and cranial ganglia, whereas vagal crest cells give rise to the enteric ganglia. Trunk neural crest cells normally give rise to melanocytes, neurons, and glia of the peripheral nervous system and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Cell lineage studies of premigratory trunk neural crest cells using single cell injection of a vital dye have shown that single cells can give rise to a number of differentiated cell types. A host of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules have been tested for their ability to support neural crest cell migration in vitro and in vivo. In general, the large glycoproteins (i.e., fibronectin and laminin) can support migration, whereas proteoglycans seem to modulate neural crest cell migration on other ECM molecules. However, no single molecule has been identified as the sole regulator of the complex pattern of neural crest cell migration.
Effects of Ti-Based Additives on the Hydrogen Storage Properties of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:msub><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mstyle></mml:msub></mml:math>/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:msub><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mstyle></mml:msub></mml:math>Destabilized System (2010)

The hydrogen storage properties of a destabilized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>LiBH</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CaH</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>system ball-milled with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiCl</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiF</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiO</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>additives have been investigated. It is found that the system with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiCl</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>additive has a lower dehydrogenation temperature than the ones with other additives. Further study shows that a higher amount of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiCl</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>is more effective in reducing the desorption temperature of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>LiBH</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CaH</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>system, since it leads to a lower activation energy of dehydrogenation. The activations energies for mixtures containing 4, 10, and 25 mol% of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiCl</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>are 141, 126, and 110 kJ/mol, respectively. However, the benefits of higher amounts of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TiCl</mml:mtext><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>are offset by a larger reduction in hydrogen capacity of the mixtures.
Design and Implementation of Robot Assisted Surgery Based on Internet of Things (IoT) (2017)

This paper presents a controllable robotic arm via the use of the Internet of Things (IoT). A nurse could control the robotic arm in a hospital to assist a doctor during a surgery and take care of the patient with the picking and placing tasks using the robotic arm. In this system, a smart phone will be used to control the robotic arm. An accelerometer and a gyroscope are used to capture the gestures and postures of the smart phone. The signals of the accelerometer and the gyroscope will be captured by an Android application and sent to a Raspberry Pi to control the robotic arm. By integrating the Internet of Things (IoT), a worldwide controllable robotic arm is achieved. The Android application is developed by using Android Studio. Python script is employed in the Raspberry Pi to develop a program that will be able to control the robotic arm and to receive the commands from the smart phone. A system with a kinematic model will be used in the Raspberry Pi to control the robotic arm. Besides, a video streaming from computer is implemented to monitor the robotic arm. The performance of the robot is investigated in term of latency of the system and IoT platform.
Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Muscle Cells of Uterine Arteries in Rabbits and Humans* (1988)

Modifications of uterine blood flow are implicated in many important aspects of reproductive physiology and in several of their pathological disorders. These modifications are hormonally regulated but remain poorly understood, and various complex mechanisms have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and some characteristics of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in uterine blood vessels. Using monoclonal antibodies and immunocytochemistry we observed the presence of ER and PR in muscle cells (tunica media) of uterine arteries of rabbits and women. ER or PR immunoreactivity was not detected in the endothelium of uterine arteries nor in uterine capillaries or veins. Staining for both receptors was also present in arterial walls from the fallopian tube (isthmus and ampulla) and vagina but not in arteries of nonreproductive tissues (intestinal, renal, hepatic, femoral, and pulmonary arteries, aorta). PR immuno-staining was increased by estrogen in all cell types of the rabbit uterus, but the doses necessary to provoke an intense nuclear staining in uterine arteries were higher than those required for observing strong labeling in glandular, stromal, or myometrial cells. These results suggest that, contrary to many hypotheses previously put forward, sex steroid hormones may regulate uterine blood flow through a direct effect on uterine arterial walls.
Global Amine and Acid Functional Group Modification of Proteins (2008)

A sequential reaction methodology is employed for the complete derivatization of protein thiols, amines, and acids in high purity under denaturing conditions. Following standard thiol alkylation, protein amines are modified via reductive methylation with formaldehyde and pyridine-borane. Protein acids are subsequently amidated under buffered conditions in DMSO using the coupling reagent (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate. The generality of the approach is demonstrated with four proteins and with several amines yielding near-quantitative transformations as characterized by high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The developed approach has numerous implications for protein characterization and general protein chemistry. Applications in mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics of intact proteins (top-down MS) are explored, including the addition of stable isotopes for relative quantitation and protein identification through functional group counting. The methodology can be used for altering the physical and chemical properties of proteins, as demonstrated with amidation to modify protein isoelectric point and through derivatization with quaternary amines. Additionally, the chemistry has applications in the semisynthesis of monodisperse polymers based on protein scaffolds. We prepare proteins modified with azides and alkynes to enable further functionalization via copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition ("click") chemistry.
A Simulation Platform for ZigBee-UMTS Hybrid Networks (2013)

A ZigBee Network is a low-cost and low-power
wireless network based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which
allows wireless connectivity with limited power and relaxed
throughput requirements. On the other hand, the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third-generation
cellular network that provides high-speed wireless traffic transfer
to the Internet. This paper presents the design and implementation
of a novel integrated ZigBee and UMTS hybrid network
in the Network Simulator (ns-2). In this hybrid network, we
design a new Mobile Gateway to interconnect these two different
sub-networks. With the hierarchical addressing and some special
UMTS network discovering mechanisms, routing in the hybrid
network, from the ZigBee network via the UMTS network to the
wired network, is achieved. We also design a simulation platform
to make it easier for protocol designers to design and evaluate
new protocols in such a hybrid network.
Donor electron wave functions for phosphorus in silicon: Beyond effective-mass theory (2005)

We calculate the electronic wave function for a phosphorus donor in silicon by numerical diagonalization of the donor Hamiltonian in the basis of the pure crystal Bloch functions. The Hamiltonian is calculated at discrete points localized around the conduction band minima in the reciprocal lattice space. Such a technique goes beyond the approximations inherent in the effective-mass theory, and can be modified to include the effects of altered donor impurity potentials and externally applied electrostatic potentials, as well as the effects of lattice strain. Modification of the donor impurity potential allows the experimentally known low-lying energy spectrum to be reproduced with good agreement, as well as the calculation of the donor wave function, which can then be used to calculate parameters important to quantum computing applications.
Batch-Fabricated Three-Dimensional Planar Coaxial Interconnections for Microelectronic Systems (1971)

A batch-fabricated three-dimensional coaxial microelectronic interconnection and packaging technique has been developed that is particularly suited to semiconductor chips of all complexities, ranging from single-junction devices to large-scale integrated circuit devices. The interconnections are coaxial in three dimensions, are formed by electrochemically sculpturing copper planes, and are assembled by pressure-stacking the planes to combinatorially interconnect, mount, and remove heat from high-density semiconductor systems. Although initially developed for high-speed digital systems, the technique is generally universally applicable to other disciplines, such as microwave circuits and structures. Circuit and semiconductor chip package densities can be achieved which offer one to three orders of magnitude increased density over conventional packaging systems. The technique is believed the closest to a truly three-dimensional interconnect medium yet achieved that can be nondestructively disassembled for repair, that has the thermal management capabilities required for high-density systems, and that is free of interconnection crosstalk.
Cyclosporin A inhibits colon cancer cell growth independently of the calcineurin pathway (2012)

Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of colon cancer, providing genotoxic insults, growth and pro-angiogenic factors that can promote tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Immunomodulatory agents can interfere with the inflammation that feeds cancer, but their impact on the transformed cell is poorly understood. The calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway, through activation of NFAT, is essential for effective immune responses, and its inhibitors cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 are used in the clinics to suppress immunity. Moreover, the kinases GSK3β and mTOR, modulated by PI-3K/Akt, can inhibit NFAT activity, suggesting a cross-talk between the calcium and growth factor signaling pathways. Both NFAT and mTOR activity have been associated with tumorigenesis. We therefore investigated the impact of calcineurin and PI-3K/mTOR inhibition in growth of human colon carcinoma cells. We show that despite the efficient inhibition of NFAT1 activity, FK506 promotes tumor growth, whereas CsA inhibits it due to a delay in cell cycle progression and induction of necroptosis. We found NFκB activation and mTORC1 activity not to be altered by CsA or FK506. Similarly, changes to mitochondrial homeostasis were equivalent upon treatment with these drugs. We further show that, in our model, NFAT1 activation is not modulated by PI3K/mTOR. We conclude that CsA slows cell cycle progression and induces necroptosis of human carcinoma cell lines in a TGFβ-, NFAT-, NFκB- and PI3K/mTOR-independent fashion. Nevertheless, our data suggest that CsA, in addition to its anti-inflammatory capacity, may target transformed colon and esophagus carcinoma cells without affecting non-transformed cells, promoting beneficial tumoristatic effects.
Dramatic Recovery During IV-TPA Infusion: Time Course and Clinical Pattern (2000)

P172 Background: Dramatic recovery (DR) during TPA infusion is not well described. Methods: We compared clinical patterns and time course in patients with DR to Non-DR. We prospectively captured acute MCA strokes treated with standard NINDS IV-TPA protocols and performed serial NIHSS exams. DR was defined as a decrease by ≥ 10 NIHSS points or total score of ≤3 by end of TPA infusion.Intracranial flow signals were graded using the Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) scale. Results: From 9/98–6/00, DR was observed in 12/53 patients(Table). With DR, there was a consistent pattern and time course of recovery: Gaze preference recovered first (8/11 complete; 2/11 partial; 1/11 none); followed by Sensory (4/7 complete; 3/7 partial recovery; 0/7 none) and Leg Strength (8/10 complete; 1/10 partial; 1/10 none). Arm Strength followed next, but was often incomplete (5/12 complete; 6/12 partial;1/12 none) Certain findings had partial improvement later during infusion: Facial strength (3/12 complete; 7/12 partial; 1/12 none);Aphasia (2/7 complete; 4/7 partial; 1/7 none). Dysarthria tended not to improve during infusion(2/7 complete; 0/7 partial; 5/7 none). DR was observed in 22% of patients during IV-TPA infusion and was sustained at 24 hours. The stroke severity and timing to bolus was similiar between DR and Non-DR groups. Early recanalization was the only noted difference. Conclusion: The clinical pattern of DR may result from reperfusion of the white matter tracts supplied by MCA perforators or improved collateral flow. With clot lysis, the observed recovery pattern is referable to vessel anatomy. How DR occurs and why some clinical deficits have delayed recovery needs further study.
Induction of alkane hydroxylase proteins by unoxidized alkane in Pseudomonas putida (1975)

In vitro complementation assays have been used to demonstrate the induction of alkane hydroxylase proteins in mutants lacking the ability to convert n-alkanes to their primary alcohols. Purified heptane is an effective inducer in a mutant lacking detectable hydroxylase activity.
Subsampling of a DPCM Speech Channel to Provide Two “Self-Contained” Half-Rate Channels (1981)

We consider the following channel-splitting problem: it is required to split a B-bits/s speech-code sequence into two “self-contained” B/2-bits/s components, either of which can be used to reproduce acceptable speech; also, if both components are available at a receiver, it must be possible to reproduce speech with full B-bits/s quality. We propose a solution where for interesting values of B, the speech quality resulting from half-rate receptions approximately equals that from conventional full-rate receptions at B/2 bits/s. In the proposed solution, 3.2kHz speech is sampled at 12 kHz and coded using PCM or differential PCM. The output sequence of code-words is split into odd- and even-word sequences. A full-rate receiver with access to both of the subchannels simply reconstitutes the output sequence prior to decoding, while a half-rate receiver with only the odd (or even) subchannel estimates the even (or odd) components by nearest-neighbor interpolation.