gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective ablation of thin films in latest generation CIGS solar cells with picosecond pulses (2012)

Se 2 (CIGS) thin film photovoltaics enabled the manufacturers to produce highly efficient solar modules. Nevertheless, the production process still lacks a competitive process for module patterning. Today, the industry standard for the serial interconnection of cells is still based on mechanical scribing for the P2 and P3 process. A reduction of the non-productive "dead zone" between the P1 and P3 scribes is crucial for further increasing module efficiency. Compact and affordable picosecond pulsed laser sources are promising tools towards alllaser scribing of CIGS solar modules. We conducted an extensive parameter study comprising picosecond laser sources from 355 to 1064 nm wavelength and 10 to 50 ps pulse duration. Scribing results were analyzed by laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We developed stable and reliable processes for the P1, P2 and P3 scribe. The best parameter sets were then used for the production of functional minimodules. For comparison, the same was done for a selection of nanosecond pulsed lasers. Standardized analysis of the modules has shown superior electrical performance of the interconnections and confirmed the feasibility of a dead zone width of less than 200 m on an entire mini module.
Cloning and characterization of a Campylobacter jejuni 72Dz/92 gene encoding a 30 kDa immunopositive protein, component of the ABC transport system; expression of the gene in avirulent Salmonella typhimurium (1997)

Three gene libraries of Campylobacter jejuni 72Dz/92 DNA were prepared using λgt11, pSupercos and pWSK129 cloning vectors. Screening of the libraries with Escherichia coli absorbed antiserum generated against whole C. jejuni revealed several immunoreactive clones of apparent molecular masses 19, 28, 30 and 50 kDa. The most commonly isolated clones expressed 30 kDa protein. The nucleotide sequence of the 1768 bp C. jejuni DNA yielded one complete (ORF2) and two partial open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF3). ORF2 encoded CjaA protein exhibits relevant overall homology to several prokaryotic solute binding proteins (family 3), components of the ABC transport system, while the product of the truncated ORF3 (CjaB protein) shows extensive homology to Gram-negative bacterial proteins, members of the sugar transporter family. The genetic organization of the putative cjaAB operon was studied. The cjaA gene fragment (616 bp) was amplified from three C. jejuni strains isolated from patients with acute bloody diarrhea, whereas it was not amplified from strains which caused acute diarrhea with no blood in the stools. The gene was introduced into avirulent Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain where it is expressed at a reasonably high level.
Structure of mulberrofuran I, a novel 2-arylbenzofuran derivative from the cultivated mulberry tree (Morus bombycis Koidz.). (1984)

From an acetone extract of the reddish violet powder obtained from the surface of the Morus root bark (Morus bombycis Koidz.), a 2-arylbenzofuran derivative was isolated and named mulberrofuran I. Its structure was shown to be 1 on the basis of spectral evidence. Mulberrofuran I is regarded biogenetically as a variation of a Diels-Alder type adduct of a chalcone derivative and a dehydroprenyl-2-arylbenzofuran derivative.
High‐Tech Applications of Self‐Assembling Supramolecular Nanostructured Gel‐Phase Materials: From Regenerative Medicine to Electronic Devices (2008)

It is likely that nanofabrication will underpin many technologies in the 21st century. Synthetic chemistry is a powerful approach to generate molecular structures that are capable of assembling into functional nanoscale architectures. There has been intense interest in self-assembling low-molecular-weight gelators, which has led to a general understanding of gelation based on the self-assembly of molecular-scale building blocks in terms of non-covalent interactions and packing parameters. The gelator molecules generate hierarchical, supramolecular structures that are macroscopically expressed in gel formation. Molecular modification can therefore control nanoscale assembly, a process that ultimately endows specific material function. The combination of supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine allows application-based materials to be developed. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering using molecular gels as nanostructured scaffolds for the regrowth of nerve cells has been demonstrated in vivo, and the prospect of using self-assembled fibers as one-dimensional conductors in gel materials has captured much interest in the field of nanoelectronics.
Specific ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human esophageal cancer cells (2002)

Esophageal cancer is the most markedly increasing tumor entity in Western countries. Due to very poor 5-year-survival, new therapeutic approaches are mandatory. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) have been implicated in growth control of various tumor models, but they have not been studied yet in esophageal cancer. We used esophageal cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures of human esophageal cancers and evaluated (i) expression and localization of PBR; (ii) PBR-ligand-induced inhibition of cell growth; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) alterations in cell cycle. Expression of PBR was detected both in cell lines and in primary cell cultures of human esophageal cancers. PBR was localized in the mitochondria. The PBR-specific ligands FGIN-1-27 and PK 11195, but not the centrally acting benzodiazepine clonazepam or the indolacetamide FGIN-1-52, neither of which displaying any affinity to the PBR, inhibited cell proliferation. FGIN-1-27 and PK 11195, but not clonazepam, potently induced apoptosis. FGIN-1-27 was shown to sequentially decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, then to activate caspase-3 and finally to cause DNA fragmentation. In addition, PBR-specific ligands induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/G0 phase. Our data qualify PBR-specific ligands as innovative proapoptotic and antiproliferative substances. They might prove suitable for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Transisomaltosylation activity of a bacterial isomalto-dextranase. (1975)

A bacterial isomalto-dextranase, described previously as a new type of dextranase different from the known 1, 6-α-D-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase [EC 3. 2. 1. 11], was found to be a configuration-retaining exo-glucanase so far as judged from the downward mutarotation shown by products in a dextran digest, and from the lower activity of the enzyme on lesspolymerized isomaltodextrins according to one of the criteria proposed by Reese et al. The dextranase was observed to cause not only transisomaltosylation (isomaltotetraose formation in dextran digests, isomaltotriose formation in dextran digests containing glucose and transisomaltosylation among isomaltodextrins) but also isomaltose condensation to isomaltotetraose in concentrated solutions. These activities shown by the isomalto-dextranase are in keeping with the novel concept that carbohydrases are catalysts of glycosylation (glycosylhydrogen interchange), proposed by Hehre and his coworkers. The relative ease of isomaltose condensation catalyzed by the enzyme appears due to the exergonic nature of the reaction. A free energy change value of ca. -1200 cal/mole was obtained for the condensation.
Protein Kinase PKR Plays a Stimulus- and Virus-Dependent Role in Apoptotic Death and Virus Multiplication in Human Cells (2007)

The protein kinase regulated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), PKR, is implicated in a range of biologic processes, including apoptotic death and interferon antiviral responses, based in part on studies with mouse cells genetically deficient in Pkr. To test the role of the PKR protein in human cells, an RNA interference silencing strategy was used to generate stable HeLa cell lines with less than 2% of the PKR protein (PKR deficient) compared to either parental or control knockdown HeLa lines. Phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 on serine 51 was not detectably increased in response to dsRNA in PKR-deficient HeLa cells but was elevated severalfold in PKR-sufficient cells. PKR-deficient cells displayed reduced dsRNA-induced apoptosis compared to PKR-sufficient cell lines, whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis was comparable between the HeLa lines. NF-kappaB was activated to a comparable extent in PKR-deficient and PKR-sufficient HeLa cells upon treatment with either dsRNA or TNF-alpha. The antiviral response against vesicular stomatitis virus was reduced in interferon-treated PKR-deficient compared to PKR-sufficient HeLa cells. However, the growth of two human viruses, adenovirus and reovirus, was unaffected by the PKR knockdown. Surprisingly, the yield of mutant adenovirus that fails to encode VAI RNA was not enhanced in PKR-deficient cells, indicating the importance of host factors in addition to PKR in conferring the VAI RNA phenotype.
Salicylates Increase Insulin Secretion in Healthy Obese Subjects (2008)

The administration of a salicylate compound led to lowering of serum glucose concentration. We suggest that this effect was mediated through increased insulin secretion induced by salicylate directly on the beta-cell.
DNA sequence of the lymphotropic variant of minute virus of mice, MVM(i), and comparison with the DNA sequence of the fibrotropic prototype strain (1986)

The sequence of molecular clones of the genome of MVM(i), a lymphotropic variant of minute virus of mice, was determined and compared with that of MVM(p), the fibrotropic prototype strain. At the nucleotide level there are 163 base changes: 129 transitions and 34 transversions. Most nucleotide changes are silent, with only 27 amino acids changes predicted, of which 22 are conservative. Notable differences between the MVM(i) and MVM(p) genomes which may account for the cell specificities of these viruses occur within the 3' nontranslated regions. The differences discussed include the absence of a 65-base-pair direct in MVM(i), the presence of only two polyadenylation sites in MVM(i) compared with four in MVM(p), and sequences that bear a resemblance to enhancer sequences. Also included in this paper is an important correction to the MVM(p) sequence (C.R. Astell, M. Thomson, M. Merchlinsky, and D. C. Ward, Nucleic Acids Res. 11:999-1018, 1983).
Enzymes for the laundry industries: tapping the vast metagenomic pool of alkaline proteases (2011)

In the wide field of laundry and cleaning applications, there is an unbroken need for novel detergent proteases excelling in high stability and activity and a suitable substrate range. We demonstrated the large amount of highly diverse subtilase sequences present in metagenomic DNA by recovering 57 non-redundant subtilase sequence tags with degenerate primers. Furthermore, an activity- as well as a sequence homology-based screening of metagenomic DNA libraries was carried out, using alkaline soil and habitat enrichments as a source of DNA. In this way, 18 diverse full-length protease genes were recovered, sharing only 37-85% of their amino acid residues with already known protease genes. Active clones were biochemically characterized and subjected to a laundry application assay, leading to the identification of three promising detergent proteases. According to sequence similarity, two proteases (HP53 and HP70) can be classified as subtilases, while the third enzyme (HP23) belongs to chymotrypsin-like S1 serine proteases, a class of enzymes that has not yet been described for the use in laundry and cleaning applications.
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Novel β-Oxa, β-Thia, and γ-Thia Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human T Lymphocyte Proliferation, Cytokine Production, and Activation of Protein Kinase C and MAPKs (2005)

We have recently demonstrated that a novel n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (beta-oxa 21:3n-3) was a more potent and more selective anti-inflammatory agent than n-3 PUFA. To gain further insights into this technology, we synthesized other novel PUFA consisting of beta-oxa, beta-thia, and gamma-thia compounds. All three types displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Each of the unsaturated beta-oxa fatty acids showed similar inhibition of PHA-PMA-induced T cell proliferation with a parallel inhibition of TNF-beta production. However, beta-oxa 25:6n-3 and beta-oxa 21:4n-3 displayed lower inhibitory action on IFN-gamma production. Surprisingly, beta-oxa 23:4n-6 and beta-oxa 21:3n-6 had marginal effect on IL-2 production. Thus, structural variation can generate selectivity for different immunological parameters. The beta-thia compounds 23:4n-6, 21:3n-6, and 21:3n-3 were highly effective in inhibiting all immunological responses. Of the two gamma-thia PUFA tested, gamma-thia 24:4n-6 was a strong inhibitor of all responses apart from IL-2, but gamma-thia 22:3n-6 had very little inhibitory effect. Two of the most active compounds, beta-thia 23:4n-6 and beta-thia 21:3n-6, were studied in more detail and shown to have an IC(50) of 1-2 muM under optimal conditions. Thus, these PUFA retain the immunosuppressive properties of the n-3 PUFAs, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, but not the neutrophil-stimulating properties. Their action on T lymphocytes is independent of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase activity, and they act at a postreceptor-binding level by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase C and ERK1/ERK2 kinases.
The Fatty Acids as Contact Insecticides (1925)

Journal Article The Fatty Acids as Contact Insecticides Get access E. H. Siegler, E. H. Siegler Associate Entomologists, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. H. Popenoe C. H. Popenoe Associate Entomologists, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1 April 1925, Pages 292–299, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.292 Published: 01 April 1925
A modular and enantioselective synthesis of the pleuromutilin antibiotics (2017)

The tricyclic diterpene fungal metabolite (+)-pleuromutilin has served as a starting point for antibiotic development. Semisynthetic modification of its glycolic acid subunit at C14 provided the first analogs fit for human use, and derivatization at C12 led to 12-<i>epi</i>-pleuromutilins with extended-spectrum antibacterial activity, including activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Given the inherent limitations of semisynthesis, however, accessing derivatives of (+)-pleuromutilin with full control over their structure presents an opportunity to develop derivatives with improved antibacterial activities. Here we disclose a modular synthesis of pleuromutilins by the convergent union of an enimide with a bifunctional iodoether. We illustrate our approach through synthesis of (+)-12-<i>epi</i>-mutilin, (+)-11,12-di-<i>epi</i>-mutilin, (+)-12-<i>epi</i>-pleuromutilin, (+)-11,12-di-<i>epi</i>-pleuromutilin, and (+)-pleuromutilin itself in 17 to 20 steps.
F0-containing noninfectious Sendai virus can initiate replication in mouse lungs but requires a relatively long incubation period (1993)

The replication of LLC-MK2-grown noninfectious Sendai virus, containing exclusively fusion (F) glycoprotein precursors, was examined in the mouse lung to study the accessibility of virus inoculated intranasally to the virus activator present in the lung. When mice were intranasally inoculated with various doses of the virus after in vitro activation with trypsin, the 50% mouse infectious dose (MID50) was determined to be 0.7 cell-infectious units (CIU) per mouse, indicating that one infectious unit of Sendai virus is enough to initiate replication in the mouse lung and that the present experimental system is highly sensitive. On the other hand, in mice inoculated with virus not treated with trypsin, virus replication in the lung was recognized even in mice inoculated with samples containing no infectious virus, and the MID50 was determined to be 67.5 CIU per mouse (here, CIU were assayed after in vitro trypsin treatment). When mice were infected with 20 MID50 of trypsin-treated infectious and untreated noninfectious viruses (an approximately 100-fold greater amount of noninfectious virus than of infectious virus was used), the noninfectious virus was found to require 2 more days of incubation than the infectious virus, and many of the F proteins synthesized in the lungs of mice infected with the F0-containing virus were present in the cleaved form. In addition, the infection of mice with noninfectious virus was strongly suppressed by aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor. These results indicate that Sendai virus can initiate replication in the mouse lung even with the F0-containing noninfectious virus and strongly suggest that this infection process is mediated by cleavage activation of the F0 proteins of inoculated viruses by a serine protease(s) present in the lumen of the mouse respiratory tract but that activation of the noninfectious virus is an inefficient process.
Parametric Investigation on a Micro-Array Heat Sink with Staggered Trapezoidal Bumps (2019)

More efficient heat sinks are required due to the rapid increase of power density in microelectronic devices. In this study, a micro-array heat sink with stagger trapezoidal bumps was designed. Numerical simulations for the flow and heat transfer under various conditions were carried out to help us to fully understand the mechanisms of the heat transfer enhancement in such a heat sink. The effects of the structure of the heat sink, parameters of the bumps, and volume fraction of the nanofluid on the performance of heat sink were studied. The results show us that the bumps in the heat sink can result in chaotic convection, interrupting the thermal boundary layer and increasing the cooling area, subsequently improving the heat transfer performance. Furthermore, parametric investigations for trapezoidal bumps were conducted to obtain preferential values for parameters, such as the bump width, fore rake angle of the bump, bump height, and bump pitch.
Efficacy and toxicity of multiagent chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiotherapy in children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease. (1993)

The results demonstrate excellent disease control for the COP/ABVD regimen, with acceptable toxicity.
Design and Analysis of a Fast Steering Mirror for Precision Laser Beams Steering (2009)

Precision laser beam steering is critical in numerous applications. Also, precise pointing of laser beams is essential in challenging environments. The optical signal may be deflected, drift and wander due to environmental influences. The core problem of steering performances is to deal with the jitter disturbance. Based on the analysis of the beam angle steering system, some important factors to design the structure of a Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) and the layout of laser optics steering system are presented. Flexure hinges with compliant mechanisms are used to build the FSM structure. A 4-quadrant detector is used as the sensor for the incoming light. A design of the developed control loop and concepts of the FSM model are discussed. A comparison between the measured gain response and the simulation model of the FSM reveals similarity between the theoretical simulation model and the real system, and offers a way to improve the model to better resemble the real system. A laser beam jitter control test bed is also introduced to improve jitter control techniques.
Rigid sphere model of the phase transitions in complex antifluorite and elpasolite compounds (1989)

The rigid sphere model is applied to the explanation of the nature of the rotational phase transitions in the complex antifluorite and elpasolite compounds. In order to calculate the phase transition temperature Tc the extended formulas for the lattice pressure are introduced including both, Coulomb interaction of the effective ion charges and dispersive interactions. The dependence of Tc as a function of the lattice constant, dTc/da, are determined for seven families of the antifluorites and elpasolites from experimental data and calculated based on the rigid sphere model. Effects of the cavity shape, the complexity of NH cation, effective ionic charges, and dispersive interactions on dTc/da are discussed. [Russian Text Ignored].
The Case for Feed-Forward Clock Synchronization (2011)

Variable latencies due to communication delays or system noise is the central challenge faced by time-keeping algorithms when synchronizing over the network. Using extensive experiments, we explore the robustness of synchronization in the face of both normal and extreme latency variability and compare the feedback approaches of ntpd and ptpd (a software implementation of IEEE-1588) to the feed-forward approach of the RADclock and advocate for the benefits of a feed-forward approach. Noting the current lack of kernel support, we present extensions to existing mechanisms in the Linux and FreeBSD kernels giving full access to all available raw counters, and then evaluate the TSC, HPET, and ACPI counters' suitability as hardware timing sources. We demonstrate how the RADclock achieves the same microsecond accuracy with each counter.
Opensmile (2010)

We introduce the openSMILE feature extraction toolkit, which unites feature extraction algorithms from the speech processing and the Music Information Retrieval communities. Audio low-level descriptors such as CHROMA and CENS features, loudness, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, perceptual linear predictive cepstral coefficients, linear predictive coefficients, line spectral frequencies, fundamental frequency, and formant frequencies are supported. Delta regression and various statistical functionals can be applied to the low-level descriptors. openSMILE is implemented in C++ with no third-party dependencies for the core functionality. It is fast, runs on Unix and Windows platforms, and has a modular, component based architecture which makes extensions via plug-ins easy. It supports on-line incremental processing for all implemented features as well as off-line and batch processing. Numeric compatibility with future versions is ensured by means of unit tests. openSMILE can be downloaded from http://opensmile.sourceforge.net/.