gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videos (2020)

We present Face2Face, a novel approach for real-time facial reenactment of a monocular target video sequence (e.g., Youtube video). The source sequence is also a monocular video stream, captured live with a commodity webcam. Our goal is to animate the facial expressions of the target video by a source actor and re-render the manipulated output video in a photo-realistic fashion. To this end, we first address the under-constrained problem of facial identity recovery from monocular video by non-rigid model-based bundling. At run time, we track facial expressions of both source and target video using a dense photometric consistency measure. Reenactment is then achieved by fast and efficient deformation transfer between source and target. The mouth interior that best matches the re-targeted expression is retrieved from the target sequence and warped to produce an accurate fit. Finally, we convincingly re-render the synthesized target face on top of the corresponding video stream such that it seamlessly blends with the real-world illumination. We demonstrate our method in a live setup, where Youtube videos are reenacted in real time.
Accurate SHAPE-directed RNA structure determination (2020)

Almost all RNAs can fold to form extensive base-paired secondary structures. Many of these structures then modulate numerous fundamental elements of gene expression. Deducing these structure–function relationships requires that it be possible to predict RNA secondary structures accurately. However, RNA secondary structure prediction for large RNAs, such that a single predicted structure for a single sequence reliably represents the correct structure, has remained an unsolved problem. Here, we demonstrate that quantitative, nucleotide-resolution information from a SHAPE experiment can be interpreted as a pseudo-free energy change term and used to determine RNA secondary structure with high accuracy. Free energy minimization, by using SHAPE pseudo-free energies, in conjunction with nearest neighbor parameters, predicts the secondary structure of deproteinized Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (>1,300 nt) and a set of smaller RNAs (75–155 nt) with accuracies of up to 96–100%, which are comparable to the best accuracies achievable by comparative sequence analysis.
Efficacy of skin barrier creams (1993)

2 barrier creams (BC) were evaluated against the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) using a new human test model. In the repetitive irritation test (RIT) on human skin, the irritant SLS is applied to the ventral forearm of healthy volunteers daily for 2 weeks. 1%, 5%, and 10% SLS is exposed to the skin for 30 min, using a glass cup 2.5 cm in diameter. The BC is applied 30 min before the irritant. Cutaneous irritation is assessed on a score for erythema (0 to 5+), and quantified by various biophysical techniques: transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by evaporimetry, skin blood flow volume (BFV) by laser-Doppler velocimetry, and skin colour by colorimetry (La* value). 10 subjects were tested with SLS on one forearm without pretreatment (control) and with Taktosan Salbe as BC on the other forearm. A 2nd panel of 10 subjects was tested in the same way with SLS and Marly skin as BC. Taktosan Salbe was extremely effective in reducing the irritation by SLS: there were significant differences regarding all test parameters for 10% SLS in the 2nd week. The most differentiating parameter was TEWL, revealing statistical differences as early as the 1st week for 10% SLS and Taktosan Salbe, while the least differentiating sensitivity was found for La*. In contrast, there was no significant suppression of irritancy in any parameter with Marly skin, either in the 1st week or in the 2nd week with any concentration of SLS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hierarchical shuffle-exchange and de Bruijn networks (2003)

The authors present two new classes of interconnection networks for SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) computers, namely, the hierarchical shuffle-exchange (HSE) and hierarchical de Bruijn (HdB) networks. These networks are efficient in implementing a wide range of algorithms, including all of those in the classes ascend and descend. The networks are highly regular and scalable, and well-suited to VLSI implementation. In addition, they can be adjusted to match the pin limitations imposed by the packaging technology. The authors compare the HSE and HdB networks with hypercube, 2-D mesh, 3-D mesh, shuffle-exchange, hypernet, de Bruijn, and cube-connected cycles networks. The HSE and HdB networks are shown to have advantages in terms of regularity, scalability, and performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure of the family 7 endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from Humicola insolens at 2.2 Å resolution and identification of the catalytic nucleophile by trapping of the covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate (1998)

Cellulose is the major polysaccharide component of the plant cell wall and the most abundant naturally produced macromolecule on Earth. The enzymic degradation of cellulose, by cellulases, is therefore of great environmental and commercial significance. Cellulases are found in 12 of the glycoside hydrolase families classified according to their amino acid sequence similarities. Endoglucanase I (Cel7B), from the soft-rot fungus Humicola insolens, is a family 7 enzyme. The structure of the native form of Cel7B from H. insolens at 2.2 A resolution has been solved by molecular replacement using the known Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I [Divne, Ståhlberg, Reinikainen, Ruohonen, Pettersson, Knowles, Teeri and Jones (1994) Science 265, 524-528] structure as the search model. Cel7B catalyses hydrolysis of the beta-1,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose with net retention of anomeric configuration. The catalytic nucleophile at the active site of Cel7B has been identified as Glu-197 by trapping of a 2-deoxy-2-fluorocellotriosyl enzyme intermediate and identification of the labelled peptide in peptic digests by tandem MS. Site-directed mutagenesis of both Glu-197 and the prospective catalytic acid, Glu-202, results in inactive enzyme, confirming the critical role of these groups for catalysis.
Particle Filter And Gaussian-Mixture Filter Efficiency Evaluation For Terrain-Aided Navigation (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
The Effect of Temperature Gradients on Stress Development during Cryopreservation via Vitrification (2007)

This study addresses the problem of thermal stress development in bulky specimens during cryopreservation via vitrification (vitreous means glassy in Latin). While this study is a part of an ongoing effort to associate the developing mechanical stress with the relevant physical properties of the cryopreserved media and to its the thermal history, the current paper focuses exclusively on the role of temperature gradients. Temperature gradients arise due to the high cooling rates necessary to facilitate vitrification; the resulting non-uniform temperature distribution leads to differential thermal strain, possibly resulting in cracking. The cooling rate is assumed constant on the outer surface in this study, and the material properties are assumed constant. It is demonstrated that under these assumptions, mechanical stress develops only when the temperature distribution in the specimen approaches thermal equilibrium at a cryogenic storage temperature. It is shown that the maximum possible stresses for a given cooling rate can be computed with a simple thermo-elastic analysis; these stresses are associated with cooling to sufficiently low temperatures and are independent of the variation of viscosity with temperature. Analytic estimates for these stresses are obtained for several idealized shapes, while finite element analysis is used to determine stresses for geometries used in cryopreservation practice. Stresses that develop under a wider range of storage temperatures are also studied with finite element analysis, and the results are summarized with suitable normalizations. It is found that no stresses arise if cooling ceases above the set-temperature, which defines the transition from viscous-dominated to elastic-dominated behavior; the set-temperature is determined principally by the dependency of viscosity upon temperature. Strategies for rapidly reaching low temperatures and avoiding high stresses are inferred from the results.
Electric and magnetic properties of a thermoplastic elastomer incorporated with ferromagnetic powders (1993)

The electric and magnetic properties of a composite material consisting of a thermoplastic elastomer incorporated with iron powder and nickel-iron alloy powder are investigated. The volume fraction of the powder filters ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. The composites are characterized in terms of their volume and surface resistivities, permittivities and electric loss factors and magnetic permeabilities 0 and magnetic loss factors. With the addition of the ferromagnetic powders, the volume and surface resistivity values of the composites decrease by more than seven orders of magnitude, the permittivity values increase tenfold and magnetic permeability values increase by a factor of about six. The ferromagnetic powders are more effective in contributing the electric and magnetic properties the composite at higher loading levels. The frequency variations of AC electric and magnetic properties are also measured in the range 20 Hz to 1 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in blood. (1979)

This paper describes separate spectrophotometric procedures for rapidly measuring carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) in blood. Absorbance measurements are made in the Soret region at a blood dilution near 1000-fold. For COHb estimation, the diluent contains sodium hydrosulfite, providing the two-component system COHb--Hb for absorbance measurements at 420 and 432 nm. The NA2S2O4 effectively prevents dissociation of COHb by oxygen. For MetHb estimation, the diluent contains KCN and carbon monoxide, providing the two-component system COHb--CNMetHb. Absorbance measurements are made at 420 nm, before and after addiely analyzed for the total of all MetHb forms present. Each procedure requires about 3 muL of blood and can be applied to human or animal blood. Results obtained by the present methods are in satisfactory agreement with currently accepted procedures, which require much larger samples or more elaborate equipment.
Pronounced Linewidth Narrowing of an Aluminum Nanoparticle Plasmon Resonance by Interaction with an Aluminum Metallic Film (2015)

Aluminum nanocrystals and fabricated nanostructures are emerging as highly promising building blocks for plasmonics in the visible region of the spectrum. Even at the individual nanocrystal level, however, the localized plasmons supported by Al nanostructures possess a surprisingly broad spectral response. We have observed that when an Al nanocrystal is coupled to an underlying Al film, its dipolar plasmon resonance linewidth narrows remarkably and shows an enhanced scattering efficiency. This behavior is observable in other plasmonic metals, such as gold; however, it is far more dramatic in the aluminum nanoparticle-film system, reducing the dipolar plasmon linewidth by more than half. A substrate-mediated hybridization of the dipolar and quadrupolar plasmons of the nanoparticle reduces the radiative losses of the dipolar plasmon. While this is a general effect that applies to all metallic nanoparticle-film systems, this finding specifically provides a new mechanism for narrowing plasmon resonances in aluminum-based systems, quite possibly expanding the potential of Al-based plasmonics in real-world applications.
The Hidden Information State Approach to Dialog Management (2007)

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a principled mathematical framework for modelling the uncertainty inherent in spoken dialog systems. However, conventional POMDPs scale poorly with the size of state and observation space. This paper describes a variation of the classic POMDP called the hidden information state (HIS) model in which belief distributions are represented efficiently by grouping states together into partitions and policy optimisation is made tractable by using a master to summary space mapping. An implementation of the HIS model is described for a Tourist Information application and aspects of its training and operation are illustrated.
Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (2016)

This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with CM, nVNS is safe, is well-tolerated, and did not significantly change the number of headache days. This pilot study lacked the precision to exclude important safety issues or benefits of nVNS.
Double Discharge Excitation for Atmospheric Pressure CO2 Lasers (1970)

The problems encountered in the electrical excitation of pulsed CO2 lasers operating at atmospheric pressure are briefly reviewed, with some solutions developed at the Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, and their limitations. A new approach, based on a double transverse discharge technique, has permitted the design of a 3.8 m long laser which delivered up to 9 J/pulse with a peak power of 12 MW. An output energy density of 5.5 mJ/cm3 of excited gas has been achieved.
Low predictive value of intrinsic fibroblast radiosensitivity for fibrosis development following radiotherapy for breast cancer (1998)

A significant variation in intrinsic radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients' dermal fibroblasts was observed. However, the degree of radiosensitivity did not show a significant correlation with fibrosis development. This indicates that the use of fibroblast radiosensitivity will have a limited usefulness for predicting fibrosis following breast irradiation.
Adhesion between addition‐curable silicone elastomer and nylon using diallylbisphenol A as adhesion promoter (2003)

Abstract It was found that the incorporation of a small amount of 2,2′‐diallylbisphenol A in a two‐component room‐temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone produced excellent adhesion on nylon substrates, whereas no adhesion was observed when this additive was excluded from the formulation. The effect of the chemical structure and the functionalities of this adhesion promoter were investigated by evaluation of several other molecules bearing both allylic and phenolic groups. No adhesion improvement was observed when 2‐allyl 4‐cumylphenol or 2‐allylphenol was used as the adhesion promoter, whereas with 2‐allylbisphenol A there was good adhesion between the two surfaces. Although it is quite clear that allyl groups react with the adhesive through the hydrosilylation reaction during the cure process of the RTV material, the interaction of the phenolic group with polymer surfaces seems to be largely dependent on the steric effect, that is, the ability of the OH group to be close enough to the plastic surface to develop a strong hydrogen bond. The minimum temperature required for adhesion to occur between nylon and RTV was determined to be in the range of 50°C–60°C. This temperature corresponds to the glass‐transition temperature of the amorphous part of the nylon. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3496–3499, 2003
Adaptive image retargeting using saliency-based continuous seam carving (2010)

This paper presents an adaptive image retargeting approach using saliency-based continuous seam carving to efficiently display images on small screens. A multiscale contrast-based saliency map is first generated and used as the energy map for conventional discrete seam carving, and a reasonable number of seams are adaptively extracted. Then the reduced dimensions allocated to continuous seam carving (CSC) and possible scaling are determined by the analysis of the energy curve of the extracted seams. The proposed CSC assigns to each extracted seam a reserving ratio in accordance with the corresponding seam energy and the reduced dimension, and the retargeted image is generated using an efficient scheme of mapping and resampling based on the reserving ratio map. Experimental results demonstrate better retargeting performance of the proposed approach under different reduction ratios.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 4-Quinoline Carboxylic Acids as Inhibitors of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (2018)

We pursued a structure-guided approach toward the development of improved dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors with the goal of forming new interactions between DHODH and the brequinar class of inhibitors. Two potential residues, T63 and Y356, suitable for novel H-bonding interactions, were identified in the brequinar-binding pocket. Analogues were designed to maintain the essential pharmacophore and form new electrostatic interactions through strategically positioned H-bond accepting groups. This effort led to the discovery of potent quinoline-based analogues 41 (DHODH IC<sub>50</sub> = 9.71 ± 1.4 nM) and 43 (DHODH IC<sub>50</sub> = 26.2 ± 1.8 nM). A cocrystal structure between 43 and DHODH depicts a novel water mediated H-bond interaction with T63. Additional optimization led to the 1,7-naphthyridine 46 (DHODH IC<sub>50</sub> = 28.3 ± 3.3 nM) that forms a novel H-bond with Y356. Importantly, compound 41 possesses significant oral bioavailability ( F = 56%) and an elimination t<sub>1/2</sub> = 2.78 h (PO dosing). In conclusion, the data supports further preclinical studies of our lead compounds toward selection of a candidate for early-stage clinical development.
In Vivo Application of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin‐A Impairs Murine Male Meiosis (2008)

In vivo application of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin-A (TSA) in mice results in male infertility. To get more insight into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis and investigated HDAC activity and degree of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in murine testes after TSA treatment. A significant decrease in HDAC activity and a weak increase in histone acetylation could be demonstrated at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 hours after TSA application. Gene expression analysis revealed 507 significantly regulated genes. Transcripts expressed in the somatic cells of the testis (Sertoli, Leydig, peritubular cells, and testis macrophages) or extratubular matrix were regulated as early as 2.5 hours after TSA application, whereas very few meiosis-specific genes were modulated after TSA treatment. In addition, members of the p53-noxa-caspase-3 proapoptotic pathway were regulated early. Applying in-situ hybridization, caspase-3-mRNA was found only in apoptotic spermatocytes, whereas TRP53/p53- and PMAIP1/noxa-mRNA could be demonstrated in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Our data suggest that TSA impaired male meiosis, possibly through an indirect mechanism implicating somatic cells of the testis.
Rearrangement and mutagenesis of a shuttle vector plasmid after passage in mammalian cells. (1983)

A shuttle vector plasmid that contains sequences from simian virus 40, pBR322, and a bacterial marker gene, galactokinase, has been constructed. After replication in cells permissive for virus progeny, plasmid DNA was introduced into a galactokinase-deficient bacterial strain and the relative frequency of colonies with plasmids but without galactokinase activity was determined. This assay showed that 1% of the plasmids were defective after passage in the mammalian cells. Individual mutant plasmids were examined and found to contain deletions, duplications, point mutations, and insertions of cell DNA.
Efficient numerical simulation based on computational fluid dynamics for the dynamic stability analysis of flexible aircraft (2014)

A unified approach of numerical simulation is presented to analyze the interaction of flight dynamics and aeroelasticity of flexible aircraft. Using an unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order model (ROM) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), an efficient numerical simulation is proposed to simulate the dynamic response of flexible aircraft and determine flight dynamic stability characteristics from dynamic responses in the time domain. The numerical results show that strong interacting between the short-period modes of flight dynamics and the structural elastic modes of low natural frequency will impair the stability of flexible planes with high aspect-ratio wings and flexible missiles with high slenderness-ratio bodies. Two numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of ROM in relation to the full CFD method. The simulation yields satisfactory numerical results in the engineering field and improves the computational efficiency up to two orders of magnitude.
Heat Transfer by Laminar Flow From a Rotating Cone (1960)

Technical Briefs Heat Transfer by Laminar Flow From a Rotating Cone C. L. Tien C. L. Tien Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information C. L. Tien Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. J. Heat Transfer. Aug 1960, 82(3): 252-253 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3679924 Published Online: August 1, 1960 Article history Received: October 9, 1959
Role of immune cells in pancreatic cancer from bench to clinical application (2016)

A number of studies have begun to elucidate the roles of immune cell subtypes and their capacity to function or dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment of PC. It will not be long before immune therapy for PC becomes a clinical reality.
Metal oxide-based nanoparticles: revealing their potential to enhance oil recovery in different wettability systems (2014)

This paper presents systematic studies of hydrophilic metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in brine intended to reveal their potential to enhance oil recovery (EOR) in various rock wettability systems. The stability in suspension (nanofluid) of the NPs has been identified as a key factor related to their use as an EOR agent. Experimental techniques have been developed for nanofluid stability using three coupled methods: direct visual observation, surface conductivity and particle size measurements. The use of a dispersant has been investigated and has been shown to successfully improve metal oxide nanofluid stability as a function of its concentration. The dispersant alters the nanofluid properties, i.e. surface conductivity, pH and particle size distribution. A two-phase coreflood experiment was conducted by injecting the stable nanofluids as a tertiary process (nano-EOR) through core plugs with various wettabilities ranging from water-wet to oil-wet. The combination of metal oxide nanofluid and dispersant improved the oil recovery to a greater extent than either silica-based nanofluid or dispersant alone in all wettability systems. The contact angle, interfacial tension (IFT) and effluent were also measured. It was observed that metal oxide-based nanofluids altered the quartz plates to become more water-wet, and the results are consistent with those of the coreflood experiment. The particle adsorption during the transport process was identified from effluent analysis. The presence of NPs and dispersant reduced the IFT, but its reduction is sufficient to yield significant additional oil recovery. Hence, wettability alteration plays a dominant role in the oil displacement mechanism using nano-EOR.