gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additions to <i>N</i>‐Sulfinylamines as an Approach for the Metal‐free Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides: <i>O</i>‐Benzotriazolyl Sulfonimidates as Activated Intermediates (2019)

Sulfonimidamides are obtained in moderate to very good yields from the key intermediates O-benzotriazolyl sulfonimidates, which are formed by reacting aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, N-tritylsulfinylamine, and N-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate in a process mediated by a tertiary amine. The formation of the sulfonimidate proceeds in inexpensive and environmentally benign dimethyl carbonate as the solvent, it does not require anhydrous conditions, and the product yields generally exceed 70 %. The substrate scope is broad, and a wide range of sensitive organic functionalities is well tolerated. The reactions probably proceed via aryl radicals formed from diazonium cations with assistance from both the tertiary amine and the sulfinylamine.
Phase Equilibria and Tin-Activated Luminescence in Strontium Orthophosphate Systems (1961)

Strontium orthophosphate undergoes a rapid, reversible transition at 1305°C. The high‐temperature β form of pure cannot be quenched to room temperature, even with extremely rapid cooling. Determination of phase relationships on the orthophosphate joins between and each of the three orthophosphates, , , and showed that they form β‐ solid solutions which could be cooled to room temperature to form the basis for the so‐called "modified strontium orthophosphate" phosphors. The ranges of composition and temperature over which the β‐ solid solutions exist were determined for each system, and the existence of two ternary compounds, and , was confirmed. The latter compound has a transition at 1035°C, but the high‐temperature form can be maintained at room temperature only by extremetly rapid quenching. Equilibrium diagrams of each of the systems are presented to show all stability relationships.
Chemistry of Gum Formation by Cracked Gasoline (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Gum Formation by Cracked GasolineLeRoy G. Story, Robert W. Provine, and H. T. BennettCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 11, 1079–1084Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50239a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50239a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Browsing and searching software architectures (1999)

Software architecture visualization tools tend to support browsing, that is, exploration by following concepts. If architectural diagrams are to be used during daily software maintenance tasks, these tools also need to support specific fact-finding through searching. Searching is essential to program comprehension and hypothesis testing. Furthermore, searching allows users to reverse the abstractions in architectural diagrams and access facts in the underlying program code. We consider the problem of searching and browsing software architectures using perspectives from information retrieval and program comprehension. After analyzing our own user studies and results from the literature, we propose a solution: the Searchable Bookshelf, an architecture visualization tool that supports both navigation styles. We also present a prototype of our tool which is an extension of an existing architecture visualization tool.
Pore Formation by Equinatoxin, a Eukaryotic Pore-forming Toxin, Requires a Flexible N-terminal Region and a Stable β-Sandwich (2004)

Actinoporins are eukaryotic pore-forming proteins that create 2-nm pores in natural and model lipid membranes by the self-association of four monomers. The regions that undergo conformational change and form part of the transmembrane pore are currently being defined. It was shown recently that the N-terminal region (residues 10-28) of equinatoxin, an actinoporin from Actinia equina, participates in building of the final pore wall. Assuming that the pore is formed solely by a polypeptide chain, other parts of the toxin should constitute the conductive channel and here we searched for these regions by disulfide scanning mutagenesis. Only double cysteine mutants where the N-terminal segment 1-30 was attached to the beta-sandwich exhibited reduced hemolytic activity upon disulfide formation, showing that other parts of equinatoxin, particularly the beta-sandwich and importantly the C-terminal alpha-helix, do not undergo large conformational rearrangements during the pore formation. The role of the beta-sandwich stability was independently assessed via destabilization of a part of its hydrophobic core by mutations of the buried Trp117. These mutants were considerably less stable than the wild-type but exhibited similar or slightly lower permeabilizing activity. Collectively these results show that a flexible N-terminal region and stable beta-sandwich are pre-requisite for proper pore formation by the actinoporin family.
Relationship of Preexisting Dengue Virus (DV) Neutralizing Antibody Levels to Viremia and Severity of Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study of DV Infection in Thailand (2004)

Cross-reactive memory humoral immune responses appear to be beneficial in symptomatic secondary D3V infection, but not in secondary D2V or D1V infection. These results may have important implications for the development of live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines.
Use of a Time-of-Flight Camera With an Omek Beckon™ Framework to Analyze, Evaluate and Correct in Real Time the Verticality of Multiple Sclerosis Patients during Exercise (2013)

Any person with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), regardless of the severity of their disability, needs regular physical activity. Poorly performed exercises could aggravate muscle imbalances and worsen the patient's health. In this paper, we propose a human body verticality detection system using a time-of-flight camera as a tool to detect incorrect postures and improve them in real time. The prototype uses Omek's Beckon™ Framework to analyze and evaluate the position of patients during exercise. Preliminary results, based on objective questionnaires, indicate an improvement in patients' evolution through better positions and performance of the exercises.
Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Chitosan-modified Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Copolymer Nanospheres as DNA Carriers (2007)

Chitosan (CS)-modified poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA/CS) nanoparticles with cationic surface were prepared by means of emulsion-solvent evaporation technique using polyviny alcohol and chitosan as costabilizers. The preparation conditions of the cationic nanoparticles were optimized by orthogonal factorial design, and the influences of the experiment variables such as polymer concentration, the molecular weight of chitosan, etc., on the size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were evaluated. It was shown that the diameter of the PLGA/CS nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 150-200 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering with the optimized conditions. The zeta potential of PLGA/CS nanoparticles increased with increasing the concentration of CS (C(CS)) or decreasing the pH, it was up to 55 mV when C(CS) was 3 mg/mL at pH 4 and inversed around pH 8. The optimization conditions for fabricating the relatively small diameter and high zeta potential cationic nanoparticles were C(CS) 3 mg/mL, C(PLGA) 10 mg/mL, and the volume ratio of organic solution to aqueous medium 1/4. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy and fluorescence inverted microscope observations approved that CS molecules were adsorbed on the surface of PLGA nanoparticles, DNA-condensing ability of the PLGA/CS nanoparticles and cell transfection efficiency of the nanoparticle-DNA complexes were estimated by gel electrophoresis and transfection experiment to 293FT cell, respectively.
The pan‐chemokine inhibitor NR58‐3.14.3 abolishes tumour necrosis factor‐α accumulation and leucocyte recruitment induced by lipopolysaccharide <i>in vivo</i> (2001)

Chemokines participate in the regulation of leucocyte recruitment in a wide variety of inflammatory processes, including host defence and diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders. We have previously described the properties of Peptide 3, the first broad-specificity chemokine inhibitor in vitro. Here, we report the properties of NR58-3.14.3, a retroinverso analogue of Peptide 3. NR58-3.14.3 inhibited leucocyte migration induced by a range of chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (2.5 nM), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) (5 nM), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) (20 nM), stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) (25 nM) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (30 nM), but did not affect migration induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or complement C5a (> 100 microM). NR58-3.14.3 is therefore approximately 1000-fold more potent than Peptide 3 but retains the broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitory activity of the parent peptide. In vivo, pretreatment with a systemic dose of 10 mg of NR58-3.14.3, but not the inactive derivative NR58-3.14.4, abolished leucocyte recruitment in response to intradermal injection of 500 ng of MCP-1 into rat skin. This suggests that NR58-3.14.3 is a functional chemokine inhibitor in vivo as well as in vitro. We utilized NR58-3.14.3 as a tool to investigate the role of chemokine activity during leucocyte recruitment in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. NR58-3.14.3, but not NR58-3.14.4, abolished leucocyte recruitment in response to intradermal injection of 50 ng of LPS into rat skin. Furthermore, NR58-3.14.3 completely inhibited LPS-induced accumulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This data is consistent with a model in which multiple chemokines act in parallel upstream of TNF-alpha. NR58-3.14.3 is therefore a powerful anti-inflammatory agent in vivo, suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production and leucocyte recruitment in response to endotoxin stimulus in rat skin.
Lipid composition of the vascular system during infancy, childhood, and young adulthood (1967)

The object of this study was to determine the changes in lipid composition that occur in blood vessels from infancy to young adulthood. Analyses included levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester fatty acids, and the distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Triglyceride, total and monoenoic fatty acids, and linoleic acid were lower in the ascending, thoracic, and abdominal aorta than in the pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava. Phospholipids and arachidonic acid were higher in aortic segments than in the other two vessels. Aortic lipids showed significant changes with increasing age: total cholesterol and total fatty acids decreased from <1 wk to 5 yr, then increased to 22 yr of age. Triglycerides decreased whereas cholesteryl esters increased from 10 to 22 yr of age. Saturated fatty acids decreased from 1 wk to 10 yr, then remained relatively constant. Linoleic acid (3.7-9.8% of total fatty acids) and arachidonic acid (15.8-21.7%) both increased with age; the increase in cholesteryl linoleate was highly significant. After 10 yr of age, total cholesterol and total fatty acids were significantly higher in abdominal than in ascending and thoracic segments of aorta.
Chandra Observation of the Central Region of A1060 Cluster (2003)

Using proteomics, we investigated the temporal expression profiles of proteins in rat sciatic nerve after experimental crush. Extracts of sciatic nerves collected at 5, 10, and 35 days after injury were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantitative image analysis. Of the approximately 1,500 protein spots resolved on each gel, 121 showed significant regulation during at least one time point. Using cluster analysis, these proteins were grouped into two expression profiles of down-regulation and four of up-regulation. These profiles mainly reflected differences in cellular origins in addition to different functional roles. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 82 proteins pertaining to several functional classes, i.e. acute-phase proteins, antioxidant proteins, and proteins involved in protein synthesis/maturation/degradation, cytoskeletal (re)organization, and in lipid metabolism. Several proteins not previously implicated in nerve regeneration were identified, e.g. translationally controlled tumor protein, annexin A9/31, vitamin D-binding protein, alpha-crystallin B, alpha-synuclein, dimethylargininases, and reticulocalbin. Real-time PCR analysis of selected genes showed which were expressed in the nerve versus the dorsal root ganglion neurons. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity and temporal aspect of the molecular process underlying nerve regeneration and points to the importance of glial and inflammatory determinants.
Antibody Responses to <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b and Diphtheria Toxin Induced by Conjugates of Oligosaccharides of the Type b Capsule with the Nontoxic Protein CRM <sub>197</sub> (1983)

Oligosaccharides were made from Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and conjugated to CRM(197) by reductive amination. Conjugates were made with a range of lengths and multiplicities of saccharide chains. All elicited a strongly enhanced anti-H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide response when injected into weanling rabbits. One series of conjugates also elicited antibodies to diphtheria toxin.
A stress wave based approach to NDE of logs for assessing potential veneer quality: Part I—small-diameter ponderosa pine. (1999)

Longitudinal stress wave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques have been used in a variety of applications in the forest products industry. Recently, it has been shown that they can significantly aid in the assessment of log quality, particularly when they are used to predict performance of structural lumber obtained from a log. The purpose ofthe research described in this report was to investigate the use of stress-wave-based techniques for assessing the potential quality of veneer obtained from logs. Sixty-two ponderosa pine veneer blocks from 22 tree-length logs were nondestructively evaluated using longitudinal stress wave techniques. Stress wave transmission times were measured on both tree-length logs and veneer blocks. They were then rotary peeled, and the resulting veneer was dried and ultrasonically graded using commercially available grading equipment. The quality of the veneer, as determined by ultrasonic grading, was then compared with the nondestructive measurements of the logs from which they came. A strong relationship was found to exist between log and veneer nondestructive assessments.
Uncertainty a guide to dealing with uncertainty in quantitative risk and policy analysis (1990)

The authors explain the ways in which uncertainty is an important factor in the problems of risk and policy analysis. This book outlines the source and nature of uncertainty, discusses techniques for obtaining and using expert judgment, and reviews a variety of simple and advanced methods for analyzing uncertainty
Threshold Receiver Model for Throughput of Wireless Devices With MIMO and Frequency Diversity Measured in Reverberation Chamber (2011)

We present a simple theoretical model for the throughput data rate of a wireless LTE device including the improvements of data rate due to diversity in frequency (OFDM) and spatial domains (MIMO) under frequency selective fading. The model is based on defining an ideal threshold receiver for the line-of-sight (LOS) case, corresponding to reception with advanced error-correcting codes. The theoretical throughput model is in agreement with measurements in a reverberation chamber of a commercial LTE device for the 1 × 2 SIMO case, both regarding diversity and MIMO array gains, and it can therefore be used to complement measured results in evaluation of performance of LTE devices.
Dual-frequency ultrasound imaging and therapeutic bilaminar array using frequency selective isolation layer (2010)

A new ultrasound array transducer with two different optimal frequencies designed for diagnosis and therapy integration in Doppler imaging-based transcranial sonothrombolysis is described. Previous studies have shown that respective frequencies around 0.5 and 2 MHz are suitable for sonothrombolysis and Doppler imaging. Because of the small acoustic window available for transcranial ultrasound exposure, it is highly desirable that both therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasounds pass through the same aperture with high efficiency. To achieve such a dual-frequency array transducer, we propose a bilaminar array, having an array for imaging and another for therapy, with a frequency selective isolation layer between the two arrays. The function of this layer is to isolate the imaging array from the therapy array at 2 MHz without disturbing the 0.5-MHz ultrasound transmission. In this study, we first used a 1-D model including two lead zirconate titanate (PZT) layers separated by an isolation layer for intuitive understanding of the phenomena. After that, we optimized the acoustic impedance and thickness of the isolation layer by analyzing pulse propagation in a 2-D model by conducting a numerical simulation with commercially available software. The optimal acoustic impedance and thickness are 3 to 4 MRayI and lambda/10, respectively. On the basis of the optimization, a prototype array transducer was fabricated, and the spatial resolutions of the Doppler images it obtained were found to be practically the same as those obtained through conventional imaging array transducers.
Evaluation of Long Term Behaviour of Polymers for Offshore Oil and Gas Applications (2014)

Polymers and composites are very attractive for underwater applications, but it is essential to evaluate their long term behaviour in sea water if structural integrity of offshore structures is to be guaranteed. Accelerated test procedures are frequently required, and this paper will present three examples showing how the durability of polymers, in the form of fibres, matrix resins in fibre reinforced composites for structural elements, and thermal insulation coatings of flow-lines, have been evaluated for offshore use. The influence of the ageing medium, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure will be discussed first, then an example of the application of ageing test results to predict long term behavior of the thermal insulation coating of a flowline will be presented.
Interactive Environment-Aware Handheld Projectors for Pervasive Computing Spaces (2012)

Abstract. This paper presents two novel handheld projector systems for indoor pervasive computing spaces. These projection-based devices are “aware ” of their environment in ways not demonstrated previously. They offer both spatial awareness, where the system infers location and orientation of the device in 3D space, and geometry awareness, where the system constructs the 3D structure of the world around it, which can encompass the user as well as other physical objects, such as furniture and walls. Previous work in this area has predominantly focused on infrastructure-based spatial-aware handheld projection and interaction. Our two prototypes offer greater levels of environment awareness, but achieve this using two opposing approaches; the first infrastructure-based and the other infrastructure-less sensing. We highlight a series of interactions that can be implemented at varying scales with these opposing approaches. These include direct touch interactions, as well as in-air gestures, which leverage the shadow of the user for interaction. We describe the technical challenges in realizing these novel systems; and compare them directly by quantifying their location tracking and input sensing capabilities.
Malondialdehyde: A Possible Marker of Ageing (2002)

Our data show that old age is associated with an increase in systemic oxidative stress.
Fertilization and embryo development to blastocysts after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the rhesus monkey (1998)

Notwithstanding the thousands of seemingly healthy children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it is not yet possible to conclude absolutely that the ICSI procedure might induce some altered development or that the ICSI protocol might not be improved even further. To address this in a clinically relevant system, the developmental potential of rhesus monkey embryos produced by ICSI is reported. Oocytes collected by laparoscopy from gonadotrophin-stimulated fertile females were fertilized by ICSI using spermatozoa obtained from fertile males by electro-ejaculation. Neither sperm immobilization prior to injection nor an additional chemical stimulus were necessary to achieve oocyte activation and pronuclear formation. Survival and activation of the injected oocytes were judged by the extrusion of the second polar body. Successful fertilization was confirmed by the presence of two pronuclei within 12 h post-ICSI. Some oocytes were fixed and processed for the detection of microtubules and chromatin. Fluorescent labelling revealed that by 12 h post-ICSI the male and female pronuclei were closely apposed and eccentrically positioned within a large microtubule aster. ICSI resulted in a 76.6 +/- 14.9% fertilization rate. First cleavage was completed within 24 h post-ICSI. Two-cell ICSI embryos were co-cultured in CMRL medium on a buffalo rat liver cell monolayer until the hatched blastocyst stage. Oocytes collected laparoscopically from stimulated monkeys can be fertilized by ICSI and will complete preimplantation embryo development in vitro demonstrating that the rhesus monkey is an excellent preclinical model for examining and understanding many aspects of human ICSI.
Architectural Options for Cloud Migration (2014)

Identifying and examining potential cloud migration constraints and adopting a suitable architectural solution are important steps to facilitate successful application migration to the cloud.
23.2 A 1.1nW energy harvesting system with 544pW quiescent power for next-generation implants (2014)

A wireless sensor that is powered from the endocochlear potential (EP), a 70-to-100mV bio-potential inside the mammalian ear, has been demonstrated in [1]. Due to the anatomical size and physiological constraints inside the ear, a maximum of 1.1 to 6.25nW can be extracted from the EP. The nanowatt power budget of the sensor gives rise to unique challenges with power conversion efficiency and quiescent current reduction in the power management unit (PMU). While [1] presents the system aspects of the biomedical harvesting including the biologic interface and system measurements, this work presents the details of the nanowatt PMU required to power the electronics. More specifically, it focuses on the low-power circuit design techniques needed to realize a nW power converter that is applicable to a broad spectrum of emerging biomedical applications with ultra-low energy-harvesting sources.