gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptides in the human intervertebral disc (1994)

The innervation of the human intervertebral disc was investigated by immunochemical methods. Immunoreactivity to the general nerve marker protein gene product (PGP 9.5) was found in the outer annulus fibrosus of 11 of 12 discs removed during anterior arthrodesis for back pain. PGP 9.5-immunoreactive fibres ran between and across the collagenous lamellae, both in association with blood vessels and distant from them, and extended at least 3 mm into the disc. No innervation was observed in the nucleus pulposus. Fine fibres (< 1 micron in diameter) immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P (neuropeptides located in sensory and possibly nociceptive nerves) were identified in eight and four of the annuli fibrosi, respectively. Nerve fibres immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal peptide and to the c-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y were found in the majority of specimens of annulus fibrosus that were examined.
Broadband magneto-optic waveguide isolator (1990)

Isolation ratios between −32 and −37 dB have been measured on a magneto-optic waveguide isolator over a wavelength range from 1.43 to 1.58 μm. This tunable broadband operation was achieved by rotating the input polarization angle by 22.5° from the waveguide surface of a 45° Faraday rotator to overcome the harmful effects of moderate linear birefringence. The output polarizer was then rotated to maximize the isolation ratio at each wavelength. The excess forward loss introduced by this procedure was 10% or less over this wavelength range. It is shown that excellent isolation and moderate excess forward loss (1 dB or less) can be achieved with triple garnet film, single-mode ridge waveguides over a wavelength range of ±0.2 μm around the etch-tuned wavelength, and over a temperature range of ±30 °C, which greatly enhances the usefulness of these waveguide isolators.
The Replacement of Chlorine by Fluorine in Organic Compounds (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Replacement of Chlorine by Fluorine in Organic CompoundsHans Billroth GottliebCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 3, 532–533Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01294a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01294a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gastrointestinal prophylactic therapy among patients with arthritis treated by rheumatology specialists. (2006)

GPA are used in 35% to 40% of patients with 4 risk factors for gastrointestinal ulceration. GPA use is not increased in NS NSAID users compared to COX-2 NSAID users, and was inversely associated with socioeconomic status. GPA use does not follow the model predicted by clinical trial results with respect to NS NSAID and age, reflecting a change in the pattern of NSAID use in patients with rheumatic disease. The major determinant of GPA use appears to be physician prescribing behavior.
Hardening of the zona pellucida of unfertilized eggs can reduce polyspermic fertilization in the pig and cow (2007)

One of the proposed mechanisms of polyspermy block is an increased resistance of the zona pellucida (ZP) to proteolytic digestion (ZP hardening) as a consequence of cortical granule exocytosis that occurs soon after fertilization. However, evidence is available that the zonae pellucidae of freshly ovulated pig and cow oocytes harden considerably before fertilization. It was thought that such pre-fertilization ZP hardening could be involved in the control of polyspermy, and its lack in the oocytes matured in vitro could be one of the reasons for the extremely high incidence of polyspermy in pig in vitro fertilization (IVF). To test this hypothesis, two different types of cross-linking reagents were employed and their effects on ZP hardening and IVF efficiency were examined. The sulfhydryl-reactive cross-linkers produced a slight hardening of ZP (P<0.001) of treated oocytes compared with control oocytes, and totally inhibited sperm penetration into pig oocytes after IVF. In the cow, sperm penetration into eggs was reduced to 10%. It is proposed that formation of disulfide bonds in ZP or blocking of SH groups in the oocyte plasma membrane proteins prevents sperm penetration. An amine-reactive cross-linker was then assayed and produced strong ZP hardening, increasing the incidence of monospermy in both pig and cow oocytes after fertilization. When the cross-linker concentration was optimized, a 45% improvement for pig IVF efficiency was reached. It is proposed that the observed physiological ZP hardening is a mechanism to control polyspermy, differentially affecting various mammalian species and can be imitated by the use of amine-reactive cross-linkers during IVF.
A new sequence motif linking lissencephaly, Treacher Collins and oral-facial-digital type 1 syndromes, microtubule dynamics and cell migration (2001)

A previously unidentified sequence motif has been identified in the products of genes mutated in Miller-Dieker lissencephaly, Treacher Collins, oral-facial-digital type 1 and contiguous syndrome ocular albinism with late onset sensorineural deafness syndromes. An additional homologous motif was detected in a gene product fused to the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 in patients with an atypical stem cell myeloproliferative disorder. In total, over 100 eukaryotic intracellular proteins are shown to possess a LIS1 homology (LisH) motif, including several katanin p60 subunits, muskelin, tonneau, LEUNIG, Nopp140, aimless and numerous WD repeat-containing beta-propeller proteins. It is suggested that LisH motifs contribute to the regulation of microtubule dynamics, either by mediating dimerization, or else by binding cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain or microtubules directly. The predicted secondary structure of LisH motifs, and their occurrence in homologues of Gbeta beta-propeller subunits, suggests that they are analogues of Ggamma subunits, and might associate with the periphery of beta-propeller domains. The finding of LisH motifs in both treacle and Nopp140 reinforces previous observations of functional similarities between these nucleolar proteins. Uncharacterized LisH motif-containing proteins represent candidates for other diseases associated with aberrant microtubule dynamics and defects of cell migration, nucleokinesis or chromosome segregation.
Statistical Inference From Genetic Data on Pedigrees (2000)

This monograph is based on lectures presented at a 1999 CBMS Summer Research Conference. It develops the probability models for genetic data on related individuals, from the meiosis level to data on extended pedigrees. The focus is on simple Mendelian traits, such as DNA markers, but on joint models for data at multiple genetic loci, such as arise in modern genome scan studies. The statistical approach is that of likelihood, maximum likelihood estimation, and methods for the analysis of latent-variable and hidden-Markov models including the EM algorithm, the Baum algorithm, and Monte Carlo imputation methods.
Neuroendocrine-like differentiation in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (2000)

The current study suggests the significance of NED status in determining the outcome of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, giving solid evidence to encourage further studies on the differentiation and origin of tumor cells in the pancreas.
Stochastic methods for joint registration, restoration, and interpolation of multiple undersampled images (2005)

Using a stochastic framework, we propose two algorithms for the problem of obtaining a single high-resolution image from multiple noisy, blurred, and undersampled images. The first is based on a Bayesian formulation that is implemented via the expectation maximization algorithm. The second is based on a maximum a posteriori formulation. In both of our formulations, the registration, noise, and image statistics are treated as unknown parameters. These unknown parameters and the high-resolution image are estimated jointly based on the available observations. We present an efficient implementation of these algorithms in the frequency domain that allows their application to large images. Simulations are presented that test and compare the proposed algorithms.
Data integration in mashups (2009)

Mashup is a new application development approach that allows users to aggregate multiple services to create a service for a new purpose. Even if the Mashup approach opens new and broader opportunities for data/service consumers, the development process still requires the users to know not only how to write code using programming languages, but also how to use the different Web APIs from different services. In order to solve this problem, there is increasing effort put into developing tools which are designed to support users with little programming knowledge in Mashup applications development. The objective of this study is to analyze the richnesses and weaknesses of the Mashup tools with respect to the data integration aspect.
Status of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Infection after Antibiotic Treatment and the Effects of Corticosteroids: An Experimental Study (2000)

Sixteen specific-pathogen-free beagles were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Three groups of 4 dogs were treated with antibiotics for 30 consecutive days starting 120 days after tick exposure; 4 dogs were untreated controls. At day 420 after tick exposure and again before euthanasia, 2 dogs of each group were treated with prednisone for 14 days. All dogs contracted infection and 11 developed acute arthritis 50-120 days after exposure. After day 120, one of 12 antibiotic-treated dogs and 2 of 4 untreated dogs became lame. Antibiotic therapy reduced the frequency of Borrelia-positivity in subsequent skin biopsy samples. After prednisone treatment, both control dogs developed severe polyarthritis. At euthanasia, single tissues of the antibiotic-treated dogs and multiple tissues of all control dogs were Borrelia-positive by polymerase chain reaction. Viable spirochetes were not recovered from antibiotic-treated dogs. Two antibiotic-treated dogs showed histologic evidence of minimal lesions, whereas all control dogs had mild polyarthritis with periarteritis.
Subcellular Localization of Hexokinases I and II Directs the Metabolic Fate of Glucose (2011)

These findings show that the catabolic versus anabolic fate of glucose is dynamically regulated by extracellular glucose via signaling molecules such as intracellular glucose, G-6-P and Akt through regulation and subcellular translocation of HKII. In contrast, HKI, which activity and regulation is much less sensitive to these factors, is mainly committed to glycolysis. This may be an important mechanism by which HK's allow cells to adapt to changing metabolic conditions to maintain energy balance and avoid injury.
Spectroscopic studies of wild-type and mutant "zinc finger" peptides: determinants of domain folding and structure. (1990)

The "zinc finger" model [Miller, J., McLachlan, A. D. & Klug, A. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 1609-1614; Brown, R. S., Sander, C. & Argos, P. (1985) FEBS Lett. 186, 271-274] makes both specific structural and specific functional predictions about zinc finger consensus sequences that can be tested with a combination of genetic, molecular biological, and biophysical techniques. The yeast transcription factor ADR1 contains two adjacent zinc finger domains; genetic and deletion analyses showed that amino acid substitutions and deletions in the zinc finger domains resulted in the loss of protein activity. To test the structural and folding predictions of the zinc finger model, peptides encompassing each of the ADR1 fingers were synthesized (ADR1a and ADR1b) as well as a mutant finger peptide (del138) deleted for a single amino acid residue. The folding and metal-binding characteristics of these were assessed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and visible spectroscopy. While a single unique conformational species was detected for the two wild-type peptides upon tetrahedral binding of zinc, the deletion peptide did not bind zinc with tetrahedral geometry, nor did it fold into a zinc finger domain. The metal-binding and folding results found with the mutant peptide were similar to those obtained when thiol alkylation or imidazole protonation of the wild-type peptides was performed. These data indicate that ligand spacing and both thiol and imidazole participation in zinc binding are specific and necessary requirements for zinc finger folding, which provides direct support for the initial predictions of the model.
Computer-Generated Phase-Only Holograms for Real-Time Image Display (2011)

Despite their esoteric sounding title, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are now commonplace in a wide variety of applications and are a vital component in some surprisingly familiar consumer products. Such devices can be realized as fixed, etched structures and are commonly called diffractive optical elements (DOEs) or displayed on dynamically addressable liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) microdisplays. In either case, the principal attraction is the ability of these devices to generate arbitrary complex-valued optical fields from a small, thin device. As discussed in Bernhardt et al. (1991), one CGH is able to perform the entire functionality associated with a multiple element glass lens design, leading to low-cost, lightweight optical assemblies. Furthermore, the process by which CGHs are made is simple, and lends itself to volume manufacturing through embossing and injection molding techniques; as demonstrated by Buckley & Wilkinson (2006), it is even possible to obtain adequate performance from CGHs patterned onto overhead transparencies from a standard office laser printer. Furthermore it is possible to fabricate phase-modulating DOEs which do not absorb incident optical illumination, leading to very high efficiencies. Naturally, the flexibility and potential of CGH technology and its ability to implement multiple optical functions and exert control over optical fields including very near-field evanescent waves as demonstrated by Brauer & Bryngdahl (1997); Elschner & Schmidt (1998); Gupta & Peng (1991); Kowarz (1995); Liu K 1999); Madrazo N Schmitz et al. (1996); Thompson et al. (1999) has resulted in huge commercial utilization. For example, CD and DVD drives contain a diffractive optical element to appropriately condition and direct the laser beam onto the disc surface and, with the advent of the DVD disc, simultaneous optical pick-up from multiple disc layers can be achieved by employing an injection molded hybrid refractive-diffractive lens. In addition to fixed holograms, there exist numerous methods for representing dynamic CGHs on reconfigurable microdisplay devices. There are a wealth of papers describing dynamic CGHs in applications as diverse as laser beam shapers in Dresel et al. (1996), fanouts and splitters for dynamic routing and multiplexing of laser beams into fibers in telecommunications applications Bengtsson et al. (1996); Gillet & Sheng (2003); Jean-Numa Gillet (1999); Keller & Gmitro (1993), optical traps for biophotonics Jesacher et al. (2004); Sinclair et al. (2004), performing transformations upon optical fields Case et al. 13
Potential of Jatropha curcas as a source of renewable oil and animal feed (2009)

Jatropha curcas (L.) is a perennial plant of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). Recently, it has received much attention as a potential source of vegetable oil as a replacement for petroleum, and, in particular, the production of biodiesel. Despite the interest that is being shown in the large-scale cultivation of J. curcas, genetic resources remain poorly characterized and conserved and there has been very little plant breeding for improved traits. At present, the varieties being used to establish plantations in Africa and Asia are inedible. The meal obtained after the extraction of oil cannot, therefore, be used as a source of animal feed. Naturally existing edible varieties are, however, known to occur in Mexico. The toxic components of J. curcas seeds, the potential for plant breeding to generate improved varieties, and the suitability of J. curcas oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production are discussed.
Multi-stream RNN for Merchant Transaction Prediction (2020)

Recently, digital payment systems have significantly changed people's lifestyles. New challenges have surfaced in monitoring and guaranteeing the integrity of payment processing systems. One important task is to predict the future transaction statistics of each merchant. These predictions can thus be used to steer other tasks, ranging from fraud detection to recommendation. This problem is challenging as we need to predict not only multivariate time series but also multi-steps into the future. In this work, we propose a multi-stream RNN model for multi-step merchant transaction predictions tailored to these requirements. The proposed multi-stream RNN summarizes transaction data in different granularity and makes predictions for multiple steps in the future. Our extensive experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed model is capable of outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.
Optimal composition of an acrylamide and<i>N,N′</i>-methylenebisacrylamide holographic recording material (1998)

Abstract We study the effect of the addition of a cross-linking agent (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) to a photopolymerizable matrix for real-time holography. Optimization of the concentration of this component has been achieved, paying attention to holographic parameters such as energy sensitivity and diffraction efficiency. Diffraction efficiencies of around 88% have been obtained with energy exposures of 12 mJ cm−2. At the same time considering a nonlinear response of the material we have carried out a theoretical study of the experimental results. We observed a nonlinear response of the material with regard to the storage intensity. This is a very interesting point in reflection holographic optical elements.
Occurrence of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in Spirulina species (1990)

Several strains of photoautotrophically grown Spirulina spp. contained poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at concentrations never exceeding a few milligrams per gram of dry weight. Under mixotrophic growth conditions in the presence of acetate, PHB reached values greater than 2.5% of dry weight. With pyruvate, no significant effect on PHB accumulation was obtained.
Epitaxial growth of metastable SnGe alloys (1989)

We have grown homogeneous alloys of Sn1−xGex with 0.01&lt;x&lt;0.1 by molecular beam epitaxy on 〈100〉 InSb substrates. The Sn-Ge system is immiscible due to differing equilibrium crystal structures at the growth temperature. By stabilizing the diamond cubic α-Sn with the InSb template, we have created a metastable miscibility region for alloying Sn and Ge. Pure α-Sn grown on 〈100〉 InSb shows a tetragonal expansion perpendicular to the substrate because of the slightly larger lattice parameter of α-Sn. As the smaller Ge atom is added, the strain converts from compressive to tension resulting in an effective 1.66% tetragonal contraction in the growth direction for Sn0.92Ge0.08.
Highway performance of insoluble dry powdered polymer stabilisation (2005)

The Australian Stabilisation Industry Association (AustStab) has defined a dry powdered polymer (dpp) as a dry powdered road stabilising binder consisting of an insoluble polymer thermally bound to a very fine carrier such as fly ash. The process used to establish the suitability of DPP stabilisation requires basic soil parameters to be determined, such as maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, particle distribution and Atterberg limits. Once these parameters have been established, the correct binder type can be chosen to then carry out California bearing ratio (CBR) testing, and capillary rise and swell as per Australian Standard AS 1141.531996. Laboratory results conducted over the last ten years by several state and local Government authorities has consistently shown a considerable increase in soaked CBR strength when mixed with insoluble DPPs for moderate to poor quality gravels. Performance in the field during the same period has seen minimal to no change to the as-built formation shape and condition, and without failure or repair expenditure attributed to DPP binders to date.(a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E214098.
Characterization of urotensin II, distribution of urotensin II, urotensin II‐related peptide and UT receptor mRNAs in mouse: evidence of urotensin II at the neuromuscular junction (2008)

Urotensin II (UII) and UII-related peptide (URP) are paralog neuropeptides whose existence and distribution in mouse have not yet been investigated. In this study, we showed by HPLC/RIA analysis that the UII-immunoreactive molecule in the mouse brain corresponds to a new UII(17) isoform. Moreover, calcium mobilization assays indicated that UII(17) and URP were equally potent in stimulating UII receptor (UT receptor). Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that in the CNS UII and URP mRNAs were predominantly expressed in brainstem and spinal motoneurons. Besides, they were differentially expressed in the medial vestibular nucleus, locus coeruleus and the ventral medulla. In periphery, both mRNAs were expressed in skeletal muscle, testis, vagina, stomach, and gall bladder, whereas only URP mRNA could be detected in the seminal vesicle, heart, colon, and thymus. By contrast, the UT receptor mRNA was widely expressed, and notably, very high amounts of transcript occurred in skeletal muscle and prostate. In the biceps femoris muscle, UII-like immunoreactivity was shown to coexist with synaptophysin in muscle motor end plate regions. Altogether these results suggest that (i) UII and URP may have many redundant biological effects, especially at the neuromuscular junction; (ii) URP may more specifically participate to autonomic, cardiovascular and reproductive functions.
Synthesis and antimycotic activity of (benzo[b]thienyl)methyl ethers of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-ethanol and of (Z)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. (1992)

A new series of (benzo[b]thienyl)methyl ethers of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol and of (Z)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime were synthesis and tested for antifungal activity. Series design, synthesis, preliminary antimycotic data and structure-activity relationships are reported. 7-Chloro-3-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)ethoxymethyl]benzo[b] (8i, Sertaconazole, FI-7045, CAS 99592-32-2) and its nitrate were selected for further research.
Cover Image (2018)

The cover image, by S. A. Read et al., is based on the Original Article The antiviral role of zinc and metallothioneins in hepatitis C infection, DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12845.