gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Smoking in Coagulation and Thromboembolism in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2005)

Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis both account for many deaths in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the frequency of these events is higher during COPD exacerbations. The morbidity and mortality from deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with COPD is not surprising given the reduced mobility associated with this disorder, in addition to the presence of coagulation abnormalities in smokers. The potential influence of inflammation on coagulation offers further potential to contribute to thrombogenesis in all smokers. Plasma fibrinogen levels are elevated in smokers and are further elevated during acute COPD exacerbation. Oral contraceptives cause significant increases in fibrinogen levels in smokers and nonsmokers, but only the latter appear to have a compensatory increase in antithrombin III activity. Factor XIII, which stabilizes fibrin clots, is increased in smokers. Quantitative exposure to passive smoke has been positively correlated with blood coagulation activity. Exposure to nicotine may also increase plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (a major regulator of fibrinolysis), although the extent to which nicotine enhances coagulation is unresolved. Venous thromboembolism is a frequent and potentially fatal complication of patients with COPD. The interrelationship between smoking, COPD, and coagulation is intriguing and awaits further characterization.
Über den Thermischen Abbau von Siliciumdiimid Si(NH)<sub>2</sub> (1959)

Abstract Aus SiCl 4 und flüssigem NH 3 dargestelltes Si(NH) 2 wird bei p NH3 = 50 Torr abgebaut. Folgende Abbaureihe wurde sichergestellt: magnified image Außer dem hexagonal kristallisierenden α‐Si 3 N 4 2 sind alle Verbindungen röntgenamorph und sehr feuchtigkeitsempfindlich. Wahrscheinlich liegen Hochpolymere vor, mit einem nichtperiodischen und nichtsymmetrischen Netzwerk von Si(NH) 4 ‐ bzw. SiN 4 ‐Tetraedern.
Recent Developments in Aviation Law (1995)

legislative history of the FSIA indicated that section 1330(a) only applies to "foreign states." 8 The Ninth Circuit also noted the cases in which parallel jury/nonjury procedures had been employed in similar FSIA actions in other judicial circuits. 9Accordingly, the court ruled that section 1330(a) did not grant the right to a bench trial to the domestic subsidiary.'"The Ninth Circuit case of Sugimoto v. Exportadora de Sal, S.A. de C.V 11 was an appeal that involved the second of two jurisdictional challenges raised by defendant Exportadora de Sal, S.A. de C.V. in a wrongful death action arising from the crash of an air taxi engaged by Exportadora to transport certain business visitors from its facility in Guerrero Negro, Mexico, to San Diego, California.Exportadora appealed an adverse judgment following a bench trial.Exportadora, a salt manufacturer that is fifty-one percent owned by the Government of Mexico and forty-nine percent owned by Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan, claimed that the FSIA precluded the district court from exercising jurisdiction over plaintiff's action.In affirming the district court's rejection of the immunity defense, the Ninth Circuit invoked the "cornmercial activity" exception of the FSIA.1 2 Under this exception, a foreign state is subject to jurisdiction in the United States court if the action involves conduct that occurred in the course of commercial activity carried on in the United States.' 3 Citing the tortious conduct of the pilot, which occurred in U.S. air space, and Exportadora's conduct in arranging transportation for prospective business partners, the court of appeals held that the "commercial activity" exception applied. 14he Ninth Circuit also rejected Exportadora's argument that it could not be held liable for the pilot's negligence on the theory that he was employed by an independent contractor.While acknowledging the general rule precluding liability under such circumstances, the court noted that the rule was so riddled with exceptions that " 'it is applied only when there is no good reason for departing from it.'115 According to the court, "good 8 40 F.
Purification and Characterization of an Alkaline Lipase from<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>AK102 (1994)

An extracellular, novel alkaline lipase produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens AK102 was purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M and Phenyl-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 33,000 by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point was pH 4.0 by isoelectric focusing. The pH stability was 4 to 10 and the optimum pH was 8 to 10. The optimum temperature was 55 degrees C and the enzyme was stable below 50 degrees C. The enzyme unspecifically liberated short chain to long chain fatty acids from p-nitrophenyl esters, methyl esters, and triglycerides. In the presence of an anionic surfactant, the enzyme was characteristically stable. These results suggested that the enzyme can be used as a home laundry product ingredient.
Nonhormonal Management of Hot Flashes for Women on Risk Reduction Therapy (2010)

Hot flashes are very common in women in menopause and can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Women on risk reduction therapy are particularly prone because treatments, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, or oophorectomy, have the potential to exacerbate these symptoms. Hormonal treatments, despite the fact that they represent the most effective therapies, are not used for the treatment of hot flashes in these women because of concerns that they may increase the risk for breast cancer. As a result, several nonhormonal therapies have been tested in randomized placebo-controlled trials and shown to be effective, such as paroxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, fluoxetine, citalopram, gabapentin, and pregabalin. In addition, several nonpharmacologic therapies have been tested with various successes. An additional consideration is how some of those drugs, especially fluoxetine and paroxetine, interact with the metabolism of tamoxifen. This article discusses these issues, and provides some recommendations regarding use of nonhormonal therapies for treating hot flashes in women on risk reduction therapy, with an emphasis on pharmacogenomic considerations.
Magnetic Moments of Intermetallic Compounds of Transition and Rare-Earth Elements (1962)

The effect of adding the rare-earth elements to cobalt, iron, and nickel has been investigated. Antiferromagnetic coupling was found to exist in the cobalt and iron rare-earth compounds. The moment per formula unit of the compound Co5Y is increased when Sm, Pr, and Nd are substituted for yttrium and decreased when Tm, Gd, Tb, Er, Dy, and Ho are substituted. This is explained on the basis that although the spin moments of cobalt and rare earths are coupled antiferromagnetically in these compounds, the orbital moments add to the cobalt moment in the compounds containing Sm, Pr, and Nd, but they subtract from the cobalt moment in the compounds containing Tm, Tb, Er, Dy, and Ho. For the iron compounds investigated, the moment of the compound Fe4Y was found only to decrease when Tm, Er, Ho, and Dy were substituted for yttrium. The nickel compounds behaved entirely differently from the cobalt and iron compounds since very little or no antiferromagnetic coupling was observed in these compounds.
Phosphorylation of VP30 Impairs Ebola Virus Transcription (2002)

Transcription of the highly pathogenic Ebola virus (EBOV) is dependent on VP30, a constituent of the viral nucleocapsid complex. Here we present evidence that phosphorylation of VP30, which takes place at six N-terminal serine residues and one threonine residue, is of functional significance. Replacement of the phosphoserines by alanines resulted in an only slightly phosphorylated VP30 (VP30(6A)) that is still able to activate EBOV-specific transcription in a plasmid-based minigenome system. VP30(6A), however, did not bind to inclusions that are induced by the major nucleocapsid protein NP. Three intracellular phosphatases (PP1, PP2A, and PP2C) have been determined to dephosphorylate VP30. The presence of okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of PP1 and PP2A, had the same negative effect on transcription activation by VP30 as the substitution of the six phosphoserines for aspartate residues. OA, however, did not impair transcription when VP30 was replaced by VP30(6A). In EBOV-infected cells, OA blocked virus growth dose-dependently. The block was mediated by the extensive phosphorylation of VP30, which is evidenced by the result that expression of VP30(6A), in trans, led to the progression of EBOV infection in the presence of OA. In conclusion, phosphorylation of VP30 was shown to regulate negatively transcription activation and positively binding to the NP inclusions.
A Picture Archive Browser (1991)

We describe an implementation of a networked picture browser. The system offers a pictorial interface to pictorial data, relieves the users of thinking about the underlying filing system, provides managerial tools for installing, moving and deleting pictures, offers graded access and picture sharing and supports a number of picture formats, including hierarchical encodings.
New Method for Reducing Arc Instability of HID Lamps on High Frequency Operation (1993)

If HID lamps are operated on sinusoidal high frequency power (above 1kHz-), acoustic resonances occur in the discharge tube and arc instabilities are observed. For this reason, high frequency electronic ballasts have not been widely used. If it were possible to operate HID lamps on high frequency power without arc instabilities, one could expect a reduction in weight, size and wattage losses of the ballast. Such electronic ballasts would lead to the wider application of HID lamps. In order to find new methods for the stable operation of HID lamps at high frequency, the authors have first analyzed the instability phenomenon theoretically. They then classified the stable operating methods which had been reported in the past. They then devised a new stable operating method which consisted in changing wavelength in the discharge tube from a progressive wave to a reflected wave. This method can suppress the formation of a standing wave and has not been reported.norder to find new methods for the stable operation of HID lamps at high frequency, the authors have first analyzed the instability phenomenon theoretically. They then classified the stable operating methods which had been reported in the past. They then devised a new stable operating method which consisted in changing wavelength in the discharge tube from a progressive wave to a reflected wave. This method can suppress the formation of a standing wave and has not been reported.Next, the authors analyzed and simulated the new stable operating method theoretically and found the best operating condition. By the simulation, it was found that HID lamps can be operated stably at high frequency by changing the wavelength in the ratio of 1.0: 0.4 every cycle. Finally, in a practical experiment, HID lamps were operated under the conditions that had been simulated. The new method permitted operation without acoustic resonances and with greater stability then normal sine wave operation.
Preparation of 6-Methyl Steroids by the “Oxo Reaction” (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 6-Methyl Steroids by the “Oxo Reaction”P. F. Beal, M. A. Rebenstorf, and J. E. PikeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 5, 1231–1234Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01514a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mesenchymal stem cells are injured by complement after their contact with serum (2012)

Despite the potent immunosuppressive activity that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display in vitro, recent clinical trial results are disappointing, suggesting that MSC viability and/or function are greatly reduced after infusion. In this report, we demonstrated that human MSCs activated complement of the innate immunity after their contact with serum. Although all 3 known intrinsic cell-surface complement regulators were present on MSCs, activated complement overwhelmed the protection of these regulators and resulted in MSCs cytotoxicity and dysfunction. In addition, autologous MSCs suffered less cellular injury than allogeneic MSCs after contacting serum. All 3 complement activation pathways were involved in generating the membrane attack complex to directly injure MSCs. Supplementing an exogenous complement inhibitor, or up-regulating MSC expression levels of CD55, one of the cell-surface complement regulators, helped to reduce the serum-induced MSC cytotoxicity. Finally, adoptively transferred MSCs in complement deficient mice or complement-depleted mice showed reduced cellular injury in vivo compared with those in wild type mice. These results indicate that complement is integrally involved in recognizing and injuring MSCs after their infusion, suggesting that autologous MSCs may have ad-vantages over allogeneic MSCs, and that inhibiting complement activation could be a novel strategy to improve existing MSC-based therapies.
Parallel logic simulation on a network of workstations using PVM (2002)

Parallel processing is recognized as a practical way to achieve high performance in logic simulation. Instead of using high cost parallel computers or special purpose hardware simulation engines, we explore the implementation of parallel logic simulation on an existing network of workstations using Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). We carry out a novel parallel implementation of an output event-driven logic simulation algorithm such that a global control processor or workstation is not needed to synchronize the advancement of simulation time to the next time step. Further advantages of our new approach include a random partitioning of the circuit on to available workstations and a pipelined execution of the different phases of the simulation algorithm. To achieve a better load balance we employ a semi-optimistic scheme for gate evaluations such that no rollback is required. The performance of our implementation has been evaluated in real time using the ISCAS combinational and sequential benchmark circuits. Speedups obtained improve with the size of the circuit and the activity level in the circuit. Analyses of the communication overhead shows that the techniques developed here will yield even higher gains as newer networking technologies such as fast and switched Ethernet or ATM are employed to connect workstations.
To see a rock in a grain of sand (2004)

Permeability is perhaps one of the most important yet elusive reservoir properties. Unlike porosity, it correlates poorly with the elastic properties of rocks and, as a result, cannot be mapped remotely. Rather, it has to be directly measured in the lab on core plugs extracted from a well. In such lab experiments, a pressure gradient is applied to a fluid-filled rock sample, the fluid's volume flux is recorded, and the absolute permeability is calculated from Darcy's law by relating the flux to the pressure gradient.
Effect of monounsaturation of a branched fatty acid on organ selectivity. (1995)

These data suggest that introduction of a trans-double bond in BMHA improves myocardial selectivity and results in a potentially superior imaging agent.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of Epothilones: Hydroxylation of Epo A and B to Epothilones E and F. (2002)

When Sorangium cellulosum So ce90 is grown without XAD adsorber resin there is a steady state of epothilone A and B biosynthesis and hydroxylation of these products to epothilones E and F. This biotransformation at position C-21 of the thiazole ring is not restricted to producers of epothilones. It is carried out by a substrate induced monooxygenase. Epothilones E and F are further degraded by opening of the lactone ring by an esterase. Steps of degradation of different strains of S. cellulosum are compared.
Migraine, headache, and mortality in women: a cohort study (2020)

In this large prospective study of women, we found no association between non-migraine headache or migraine and all-cause mortality. Women suffering from migraine with aura had an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Future studies should investigate the reasons for the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and evaluate whether changes in migraine patterns across the life course have differential effects on mortality.
Inhibition of growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured fibroblasts by human recombinant gamma interferon (1984)

The growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts was inhibited by recombinant human gamma interferon at concentrations of 8 to 16 U/ml. The interferon was titrated by observing a total inhibition of parasite plaque formation 7 days after infection. Inhibition of the growth of T. gondii in the early days after infection was measured by marked reductions in the incorporation of radioactive uracil, a precursor that can only be used by the parasites. This assay showed that when cells were pretreated with gamma interferon for 1 day and then infected, inhibition of T. gondii growth could be readily detected 1 or 2 days after infection. When the pretreatment was omitted and parasites and gamma interferon were added at the same time, no inhibition of parasite growth could be detected 1 day later, although it was apparent after 2 days. Cultures from which the gamma interferon had been removed by washing after a 1-day treatment showed inhibition of T. gondii growth. Gamma interferon had no effect on the viability of extracellular parasites, but it did inhibit the synthesis of host cell RNA and protein by ca. 50% 3 days after treatment. This degree of inhibition is unlikely, of itself, to compromise the growth of T. gondii. Recombinant alpha and beta interferons had no effect on the growth of T. gondii.
Analysis of the Galactose Signal Transduction Pathway in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Interaction between Gal3p and Gal80p (1996)

The GAL3 gene plays a critical role in galactose induction of the GAL genes that encode galactose- metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Defects in GAL3 result in a long delay in GAL gene induction, and overproduction of Gal3p causes constitutive expression of GAL. Here we demonstrate that concomitant overproduction of the negative regulator, Gal80p, and Gal3p suppresses this constitutive GAL expression. This interplay between Gal80p and Gal3p is direct, as tagged Gal3p coimmunoprecipitated with Gal80p. The amount of coprecipitated Gal80p increased when GAL80 yeast cells were grown in the presence of galactose. When both GAL80 and GAL3 were overexpressed, the amount of coprecipitated Gal80p was not affected by galactose. Tagged gal3 mutant proteins bound to purified Gal80p, but only poorly in comparison with the wild type, suggesting that formation of the Gal80p-Gal3p complex depends on the normal function of Gal3p. Gal3p appeared larger in Western blots (immunoblots) than predicted by the published nucleic acid sequence. Reexamination of the DNA sequence of GAL3 revealed several mistakes, including an extension at the 3' end of another predicted 97 amino acids.
Flood plain management for the Gascoyne river at Carnarvon, W.A. (1987)

The town of Carnarvon at the mouth of the Gascoyne River is subject to severe flooding. A flood plain management strategy has been developed and is now being implemented. This paper outlines the physical, economic and sociological background to the problem and describes the structural and non-structural flood mitigation measures adopted.
Écrire pour apprendre ? Écrire pour comprendre ? Etat de la question. (2001)

Cet article, adapté d'un mémoire de D.E.A. (l),falt un bilan des travaux de recherches en didactique effectués durant la dernière décennie concernant la production d’écrits par les élèves dans le cadre de l’enseignement scientifique. La prise en compte des travaux anglo-saxons ainsi que des recherches en didactique du Français apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la question. Durant cette période, c’est le cadre théorique qui sous-tend la gestion didactique de la production des écrits scientifiques à visée d'apprentissage qui a été la préoccupation dominante des chercheurs. Deux axes de recherche se dégagent ainsi : d'une part la pratique de l’écriture d’expression émergeant comme paragdime dominant et d’autre part des pratiques écrites dans un cadre socio-constructiviste se référant aux pratiques discursives de la communauté scientifique.
Interferon- .GAMMA. as a Marker for the Effective Cancer Immunotherapy with BCG-Cell Wall Skeleton. (1994)

Immunotherapy with BCG-CWS (the cell wall skeleton from Bacille Calmette-Guérin) alone has been tried on the patients with various kinds of cancer, after surgical operation and/or chemotherapy. After the inoculation most of the patients revealed biological responses: skin reactions (erythema, inouration and ulcer formation), physical signs, and cytokine induction in peripheral blood (G-CSF, IL-6 and IFN-γ). Among the patients, those who revealed distinct IFN-γ induction and/or strong skin reaction are alive in healthy state including a few cases of complete recovery. Those who showed no IFN-γ induction, even if they had weak skin reaction, died in a short period. Most of them were in terminal stage or had had repeated chemical or radiation therapy before immunotherapy.These results suggest that nonspecific Immunotherapy with BCG-CWS, if applied independently of any other therapy, will provide an extremely effective way to prevent relapse or occurrence of secondary cancer, and those who produce IFN-γ responding BCG-CWS inoculation can be regarded as perfect candidates for cancer immunotherapy under discussion.