gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Thrust Production of a Myliobatoid-Inspired Oscillating Wing (2008)

Myliobatidae is a family of large pelagic rays including cownose, eagle and manta rays. They are extremely efficient swimmers, can cruise at high speeds and can perform turn-on-a-dime maneuvering, making these fishes excellent inspiration for an autonomous underwater vehicle. Myliobatoids have been studied extensively from a biological perspective; however the fluid mechanisms that produce thrust for their large-amplitude oscillatory-style pectoral fin flapping are unknown. An experimental robotic flapping wing has been developed that closely matches the camber and planform shapes of myliobatoids. The wing can produce significant spanwise curvature, phase delays down the span, and oscillating frequencies of up to 1 Hz, capturing the dominant kinematic modes of flapping for myliobatoids. This paper uses dye flow visualization to qualitatively characterize the fluid mechanisms at work during steady-state oscillation. It is shown that oscillatory swimming uses fundamentally different fluid mechanisms than undulatory swimming by the generation of leading-edge vortices. Lessons are distilled from studying the fluid dynamics of myliobatoids that can be applied to the design of biomimetic underwater vehicles using morphing wing technology.
Post-liver transplantation medical complications (2006)

Liver transplantation (LT) is widely accepted as an effective therapeutic modality for a variety of irreversible acute and chronic liver disease. The success of liver transplantation has increased steadily over the last two decades and several advances have been made since the first human liver transplant. This procedure has become routine with an excellent outcome in terms of both quality and length of survival. The results of liver transplantation have improved due to advances in perioperative technique, a better understanding of the course and prognosis of several liver disease, improved immunosuppressive therapy and more effective postoperative care. Nevertheless, improved tools detecting under immunosuppression, new strategies against viral infections(i.e. cytomegalovirus), and new immunosuppressive drugs will probably even prevent further graft dysfunction in the future. However, complications are common in the early and long term period and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. One of the major challenges facing the transplant community is the increasing metabolic complications that are now affecting quality of life and long-term survival. Thus, knowledge of complications that emerge during follow up period, early and accurate establishment of diagnosis, and prompt institution of appropriate interventions are essential for optimal patient and graft outcome. This review summarizes available data about medical complications of the early and long term follow up.
Efficacy and Safety of Systemic Tacrolimus in High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty After Graft Failure With Systemic Cyclosporine (2014)

Treatment with systemic tacrolimus is possibly safe and effective in reducing graft rejection and prolonging graft survival in patients with high-risk PKP after graft failure with systemic CsA.
PET radioligands for the dopamine D1-receptor: Application in psychiatric disorders (2018)

The dopamine (DA) system is considered to be centrally involved in the pathophysiology of several major psychiatric disorders. Using positron emission tomography (PET), aberrations in dopamine D2/D3-receptors (D2-R) levels and uptake of the DA precursor FDOPA have been shown for schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression. Radioligands for the dopamine D1-receptor (D1-R) have been available for more than three decades, however this receptor subtype has received much less attention in psychiatry research. Here, studies investigating D1-R in psychiatric patients in comparison to healthy control subjects are summarized. Although small sample sizes, medication effects and heterogeneous methods of quantification limit the conclusions that can be drawn, the data is suggestive of higher levels of cortical D1-R in drug naïve patients with psychosis, and lower D1-R in patients with affective disorders. Data sharing and reanalysis using harmonized methodology are important next steps towards clarifying the role of D1-R in these disorders.
15 GHz SAW nano-transducers using ultrananocrystalline diamond/AlN thin films (2012)

This article reports on the realization of high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator architectures on a bi-layer aluminium nitride (AlN) /ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) structure using electron beam lithography (EBL) and lift-off processes. The UNCD layer was simply synthesized using microwave plasma enhanced vapour deposition (MWPECVD). An optimized EBL process was utilized to fabricate the inter-digital transducers (IDTs) with a finger resolution of 145nm. The fabricated device exhibited an operating frequency of 15.4 GHz, insertion loss of ∼40 dB and an acoustic velocity of 8816m/s.
Magnetic Resonance (1953)

Magnetic resonance of electrons is the analogue of magnetic resonance of nuclei, treated in the first part of this article. Though the analogy is close and the fundamental laws are identical, the two topics are remarkably different in detail. Though electrons are the commonest of particles, they display magnetic resonance only in somewhat exceptional cases. In many free atoms and most solid and liquid substances, magnetic resonance is suppressed by what is known as the “anti-parallel coupling” of electrons two by two. The exceptional cases are those of certain free atoms, ferromagnetic substances, and a restricted class of strongly paramagnetic substances; the resonance has also been observed very lately for the conduction electrons in metals. In the cases in which it does occur, resonance is likely to occur at a frequency or frequencies very different from that which the elementary theory predicts. This is sometimes because of the orbital motions of the electrons, oftener mainly because of the electric and magnetic fields existing in solids, and the deviations of the observed cases from the ideal case shed light upon these fields.
Spatial Maximum a Posteriori Post-Filtering for Arbitrary Beamforming (2008)

We present a new approach for residual transient noise suppression at the output of an arbitrary beamformer. A spatial optimum estimate for the instantaneous a posteriori SNR is derived on the basis of the output signals of a blocking matrix. The optimization problem is formulated in the logarithmic domain and statistical models for the obtained quantities are given. Based on these models the optimization problem is solved in the maximum a posteriori sense. It is shown that the performance of speech recognition systems in non-stationary noise scenarios is improved considerably compared to the performance achieved with a Wiener filter applied to the beamformer output.
Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA from the mouse leukocyte adhesion protein CD18 (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA from the mouse leukocyte adhesion protein CD18 Get access Raymond W. Wilson, Raymond W. Wilson Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William E. O'Brien, William E. O'Brien Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur L. Beaudet Arthur L. Beaudet Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 13, 11 July 1989, Page 5397, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.13.5397 Published: 11 July 1989 Article history Received: 15 May 1989 Published: 11 July 1989
Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans (2006)

Phobias are characterized by excessive fear, cued by the presence or anticipation of a fearful situation. Whereas it is well established that glucocorticoids are released in fearful situations, it is not known whether these hormones, in turn, modulate perceived fear. As extensive evidence indicates that elevated glucocorticoid levels impair the retrieval of emotionally arousing information, they might also inhibit retrieval of fear memory associated with phobia and, thereby, reduce phobic fear. Here, we investigated whether acutely administrated glucocorticoids reduced phobic fear in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 40 subjects with social phobia and 20 subjects with spider phobia. In the social phobia study, cortisone (25 mg) administered orally 1 h before a socio-evaluative stressor significantly reduced self-reported fear during the anticipation, exposure, and recovery phase of the stressor. Moreover, the stress-induced release of cortisol in placebo-treated subjects correlated negatively with fear ratings, suggesting that endogenously released cortisol in the context of a phobic situation buffers fear symptoms. In the spider phobia study, repeated oral administration of cortisol (10 mg), but not placebo, 1 h before exposure to a spider photograph induced a progressive reduction of stimulus-induced fear. This effect was maintained when subjects were exposed to the stimulus again 2 days after the last cortisol administration, suggesting that cortisol may also have facilitated the extinction of phobic fear. Cortisol treatment did not reduce general, phobia-unrelated anxiety. In conclusion, the present findings in two distinct types of phobias indicate that glucocorticoid administration reduces phobic fear.
Memristor based feedback systems (2009)

The contribution is concerned on the properties of the new ideal circuit element, a memristor. By definition, a memristor relates the charge q and the magnetic flux in a circuit, and complements a resistor R, a capacitor C, and an inductor L as an ingredient of ideal electrical circuits. The properties of these three elements and their circuits are a part of the standard curricula. The existence of the memristor as the fourth ideal circuit element was predicted in 1971 based on symmetry arguments, but was clearly experimentally demonstrated in 2008. The definition of the memristor is based solely on fundamental circuit variables, similar to the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. Unlike those more familiar elements, the necessarily nonlinear memristors may be described by any of a variety of time-varying functions. As a result, memristors do not belong to linear time-invariant circuit models. A linear time-invariant memristor is simply a conventional resistor.
Preparation and Characterization Urea-Solubilized Sol-Gel Type I Collagen and Its Possible Use in Applications (2011)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mixture of glue-like macromolecules in the extracellular spaces which give a tissue its characteristic form and maintains its integrity The ECM also regulates a variety of cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, motion and communication Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the animal kingdom and have been highly conserved in evolution These proteins constitute one third of the human proteome and contribute threequarters of dry weight of human skin Increasingly, this family of proteins is gaining attention from scientists in different fields, ranging from biochemistry to tissue engineering. In the last century, collagen has been studied extensively by researchers from different disciplines including chemistry, physics, medicine and biology. Despite of this intensity, the understanding of many collagen properties is still limited and the number of collagen types or collagen-like proteins (CLP) discovered are increasing continuously. Type I collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal body and located in all ECM of connective tissues like bone, skin, tendon and blood vessels. The primary function of Type I collagen is to give mechanical support for the structural organization of the ECM of connective tissues, therefore giving the tissues their characteristic form and maintaining the cellular integrity in the ECM. Possibly there are still many unknown functions to be found. Type I collagen represents the characteristic structure very well and has the characteristic large domains comprised of peptides with varied length of [Gly-X-Y], where X and Y are generally proline (Pro), repeats with a length about 300 nm and folded into unique triple helix structure as its native form Every chain from the three polypeptide-chains ( 1 ) 2 ( 2 ) form a left-handed helix then fold together to form a righthanded triple helix.
3D Interconnects For Die And Wafer Stacks (2007)

3D integration results from the ever demanding trend towards smaller and lower-profile, lighter and lower cost packaged devices requires further package miniaturization. With the present System-on-chip (SOC) technology reaching its limitation in terms of functionality and cost, effort are being concentrated on exploring the third dimension, i.e. 3D integration. It provides a volumetric packaging solution for higher integration and performance and results in size and weight reduction. Approaches to achieve 3D integration are die and wafer stacking. A key technology to realize the potential of stacking is implementation of vertical electrical interconnects between die and wafer stacks.\nThis thesis discusses the approach to form vertical interconnects between wafer stacks through solder reflow. It elaborates the fabrication process for formation of electrical interconnects and wafer bonding using photosensitive Benzocyclobutene (BCB). Profiler results of solder reflow are also included. Die level bonding for die stacking is also discussed. Bonding is achieved using a fluxless soldering and electrical interconnections between dies are formed through thermo-compression bonding. Two different solder compositions were used and bonding results are discussed. Furthermore, low frequency and high frequency analysis of interconnects are done to select the correct dimension for interconnects specific to the application.
Further Considerations of Low-Temperature, Low-Shear Rheology Related to Engine Oil Pumpability-Information from The Scanning Brookfield Technique (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Scanning Brookfield Technique (SBT) is used to examine the nature of air-binding, pumpability problems. Causes of the failure of the first ASTM pumpability test methods are examined and used to caution present and future assumptions subtly but markedly affecting test method development.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The engine itself may, by its design, be super sensitive to the occurrence of even moderate oil gelation, raising the question of gelation-prone oils vs. gelation-sensitive engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Dialysis experiments showed that oil additives could sometimes cause gelation as well as prevent it.</div>
Removal of Leachables from Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resins (1989)

A study was made of the adsorption removal of leachables from typical strong acid cation exchange resins (SACER, one porous and one gel type, H form). The adsorbents used to eliminate the leachables were strong base anion exchange resins (SBAER, OH form) paired to each SACER and synthetic spherical carbonaceous adsorbents differing in pore volume and pore size distribution.The leachables were obtained by soaking SACERs in purified water of TOC 100μgC/L or less at elevated temperature (70°C). The Leachables contained components with molecular weights (MW as a polystyrenesulfonate) of 500600, 1, 4002, 000, 3, 1003, 500 and about 5, 000, as determined by gel filtration chromatography and MW around 200 components including monomeric aromatic sulfates such as p-sulfobenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, as shown by reverse phase chromatography. The highest MW component and MW less than 186 substances were found to be the most difficult to remove with SBAERs. The carbonaceous adsorbents adsorbed well the residual leachable components which could not be removed by SBAERs. The adsorbent having many pores of less than 50Å in diameter was particularly effective. Thus possibly the unknown component of MW less than 186 is non-ionic and comes from a hydrophilic substance.
Interfacial reaction of Ta and Si rich tantalum silicides with Si substrate (1990)

Properties of tantalum silicide (TaSix) films deposited from a TaSix composite target are studied. Ta-rich (Si/Ta atom ratio, x=1.83) and Si-rich (x=2.60) films are deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on Si substrates. In Ta-rich films, a silicidation reaction occurs with annealing above 700 °C. As a result, Si composition, x, and silicide film thickness increases with consuming Si substrate. Stress changes abruptly from tensile to compressive with this reaction. This stress change leads to peeling in the Ta-rich film during the silicidation reaction. In Si-rich films, excess Si precipitates at the interface at 750 °C. However, the stress changes more gently in the Si-rich film and a more uniform TaSi2/Si interface is formed. Therefore, peeling can be avoided in Si-rich films.
Captopril enhances insulin responsiveness of forearm muscle tissue in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (1987)

Bradykinin infusion has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDD). Therefore, we tested the following hypothesis: inhibition of Kininase II, the bradykinin (BK) degrading enzyme, by captopril may also improve glucose metabolism in NIDD. Immediate effects of captopril on total body and peripheral glucose disposal were examined in five normotensive, normal weight NIDD and compared with five NIDD control subjects, well matched for age, weight and degree of fasting hyperglycaemia. The euglycaemic insulin clamp technique was employed in combination with the forearm catheter technique. After 90 min of insulin infusion a single dose of 25 mg captopril was administered orally, whereas in the control group a placebo was given. Captopril lead to a significant rise in total body glucose disposal and forearm glucose uptake, while in the control group no change was observed. Simultaneously, captopril lead to reduction in muscular release of lactate and pyruvate. We conclude that these results demonstrate the stimulatory effect of captopril on insulin-induced glucose disposal of the whole body, which appears to be a result of increased glucose utilization by peripheral tissues. Because of the described insulin-like activity of bradykinin, the concomitant accumulation of local kinins by captopril-induced inhibition of kininase II may represent an attractive hypothesis to explain the generated data sufficiently.
Más de 300 personas reflexionaron durante tres días sobre ciencia, tecnología y género (2016)

A fines del mes de julio anterior, se llevo a cabo en Costa Rica el XI Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Genero, impulsado por una red de academicas y academicos de America Latina y Europa (Espana y Portugal), provenientes de diferentes universidades y entidades.
Study of the Reactivity of Na/Hard Carbon with Different Solvents and Electrolytes (2012)

The reactivity of sodium inserted hard carbon with ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), EC:DEC, EC:DMC and NaPF6 EC:DEC (/DMC) electrolytes was studied by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC), and the products after the ARC experiments were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results show that sodium inserted hard carbon reacts with DMC to form sodium methyl carbonate, and that it reacts with EC and DEC to form sodium alkyl carbonates which apparently have a similar structure to sodium methyl carbonate. Sodium inserted hard carbon is more reactive with DMC and DEC than with EC. Finally, Na inserted hard carbon is more reactive in NaPF6 EC:DEC and NaPF6 EC:DMC than in EC:DEC and EC:DMC due to the high thermal stability of NaPF6 and preferential solvation of NaPF6 by EC, which leaves DEC and DMC available for reaction. The reactivity of Li inserted hard carbon was also compared to the reactivity of Na inserted hard carbon in both solvent and electrolyte and it was found that Li inserted hard carbon shows much better thermal stability.
Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Toxin Genes (2011)

We describe a real-time PCR assay for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and genes encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Rapid screening and detection of toxins is a useful tool for surveillance studies and outbreak investigations involving large numbers of isolates.
Solvent Effects in Free Radical Copolymerization (1971)

Acrylamide and N-vinyl pyrrolidone were copolymerized at 60° in binary aqueous solutions containing 0, 5, 67, and 80% glycerol by weight. A marked increase in the reactivity of acrylamide relative to that of N-vinyl pyrrolidone was observed. This increase is interpreted in terms of the relative reactivity of monomer and polymeric radical in the reaction medium.
Direct Synthesis of CoO Porous Nanowire Arrays on Ti Substrate and Their Application as Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes (2009)

We report for the first time a facile and direct synthesis of large-scale cobalt monoxide (CoO) porous nanowire arrays (NWAs) with robust mechanical adhesion to flexible conductive substrate (Ti foil) by a two-step method. Significantly raw salt cubic CoO of high quality from the complete pyrolysis of cobalt-hydroxide-carbonate (precursor) is achieved. When serving as lithium-ion battery electrodes in the absence of any ancillary materials (carbon black and binder), the as-obtained well-aligned CoO NWAs, possessing both the completely reversible electrochemical properties and unique advantages originating from integrated one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured architecture, exhibit good high-rate capability at a rate of 1 C (716 mA/g), 2 C (1432 mA/g), 4 C (2864 mA/g), and 6 C (4296 mA/g), respectively.
Structure and Analyses of Natural Nano-silicate Layers Based on (RM-K) Fracture Theory (2009)

Current research is intended to study the structure phenomenon of natural nano silicate layers. The research studies the effect of water on the structure of the material and also, the stresses due to the effect of drying of the material. The research includes a study of the change of structure, fracture, cracking mechanism, crack propagation, crack branching and bifurcations. The results conclude that the silicate layers are very sensitive to temperature. Cracks and fracture will be produced due to the loss of water due to shrinkage as the effect of heat loss or temperature changes. One of the most important properties of the nano silicate is the hydrophilic property. This property makes it very sensitive for absorbing water or losing it. As a result of absorbing water the silicate volume changes by swelling while due to loss of water or drying the silicate will shrink. If the silicate is dried, it will be fractured. It is found that if the nano silicate is added to another matrix material representing filler or reinforcement for that main material temperature stability and temperature resistant material. If it is mixed with polymers under certain conditions it can produce high quality material of nanocomposite. A mechanism of silicate cracking is proposed. A new and special version of directional fracture theory called (RM-K) theory is proposed for the application of silicate cracking since it follows different behavior than the normal fracture approach.