gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VR object composition method using stereo vision (2006)

In this paper, we propose a VR object composition method using stereo vision. In this method, a VR object is composed of 3D model and desired texture image. This method is organized by a 3D model reconstruction and texture segmentation. Firstly, stereo images and texture image are captured from a real object. Secondly, a 3D model is reconstructed by stereo images. Thirdly, segmentation is applied to a texture image based on color cluster. Finally, 3D model is displayed with segmented texture images. The 3D model can exchange a piece of texture image for a desired image. Using this method, the user can simulate replacing the appearance of real object such as renovation of his/her room and wearing clothes.
Synthesis of Isomeric Analogues of Coenzyme Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) (1996)

Three isomeric analogues 2-4 of the redox-active coenzyme 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (1, PQQ, methoxatin) were synthesized from methoxynitroanilines 8, 9 and 10a, respectively. Reaction of the diazonium salts of each of the starting compounds with ethyl α-methylacetoacetate gave the corresponding substituted phenylhydrazones of ethyl pyruvate. These intermediates underwent acid-catalyzed Fischer indolization and gave the esters 13, 17 and 25, respectively. Reduction to the corresponding aminoindoles with hydrogen over Pd/C, followed by Doebner-von Miller quinoline synthesis with dimethyl trans-2-ketoglutaconate, oxidation of the intermediate methoxy compound to the o-quinone, and hydrolysis of triester products gave 2, 3, and 4, respectively. These isomers will serve as authentic examples to define their possible formation in nature and will also serve as isosteric probes to define the binding of PQQ at active sites in PQQ-requiring quinoproteins.
Distributed computations driven by resource consumption (2002)

Millions of computers are now connected together by the Internet. At a fast pace, applications are taking advantage of these new capabilities, and are becoming parallel and distributed, e.g. applets on the WWW or agent technology. As we live in a world with finite resources, an important challenge is to be able to control computations in such an environment. For instance, a user might like to suspend a computation because another one seems to be more promising. We present a paradigm that allows the programmer to monitor and control computations, whether parallel or distributed, by mastering their resource consumption. We describe an implementation on top of the thread library PPCR (M. Weiser et al., 1989) and the message passing library Nexus (I. Foster et al., 1996).
Preventing the Degradation of Mps1 at Centrosomes Is Sufficient to Cause Centrosome Reduplication in Human Cells (2007)

Supernumerary centrosomes promote the assembly of abnormal mitotic spindles in many human tumors. In human cells, overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2 partner cyclin A during a prolonged S phase produces extra centrosomes, called centrosome reduplication. Cdk2 activity protects the Mps1 protein kinase from proteasome-mediated degradation, and we demonstrate here that Mps1 mediates cyclin A-dependent centrosome reduplication. Overexpression of cyclin A or a brief proteasome inhibition increases the centrosomal levels of Mps1, whereas depletion of Cdk2 leads to the proteasome-dependent loss of Mps1 from centrosomes only. When a Cdk2 phosphorylation site within Mps1 (T468) is mutated to alanine, Mps1 cannot accumulate at centrosomes or participate in centrosome duplication. In contrast, phosphomimetic mutations at T468 or deletion of the region surrounding T468 prevent the proteasome-dependent removal of Mps1 from centrosomes in the absence of Cdk2 activity. Moreover, cyclin A-dependent centrosome reduplication requires Mps1, and these stabilizing Mps1 mutations cause centrosome reduplication, bypassing cyclin A. Together, our data demonstrate that the region surrounding T468 contains a motif that regulates the accumulation of Mps1 at centrosomes. We suggest that phosphorylation of T468 attenuates the degradation of Mps1 at centrosomes and that preventing this degradation is necessary and sufficient to cause centrosome reduplication in human cells.
Large-Lattice-Relaxation Model for Persistent Photoconductivity in Compound Semiconductors (1977)

A new model, based on an extremely strong coupling between the electronic and vibrational systems of certain defect centers, is proposed to explain the phenomenon of persistent photoconductivity observed in some compound semiconductors. The model is supported by data on donor-related defects in $n$-type ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ which exhibit the features characteristic of this effect: a very large Stokes shift (thermal depth, \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 eV; optical depth, \ensuremath{\sim}1.2 eV); and a very small (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}30}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$), thermally activated, electron-capture cross section at temperatures below 77 K.
Interaction of phospholipid vesicles with cultured mammalian cells. II. Studies of mechanism. (1975)

The mechanism of interaction of artificially generated lipid vesicles (approximately 500 A diameter) with Chinese hamster V79 cells bathed in a simple balanced salt solution was investigated. The major pathways of exogenous lipid incorporation in vesicle-treated cells are vesicle-cell fusion and vesicle-cell lipid exchange. At 37 degrees C, the fusion process is dominant, while at 2 degrees C or with energy depleted cells, exchange of lipids between vesicles and cells is important. The fusion mechanism was demonstrated using vesicles of [14C]lecithin containing trapped [13H]inulin. Consistent with a fusion hypothesis, both components became cell associated at 37 degrees C in nearly the same proportions as they were present in the applied vesicles. Additional arguments in favor of vesicle-cell fusion and against phagocytosis or adsorption of intact vesicles are presented. At 2 degrees C or with inhibitor-treated cells, the [3H]inulin uptake was largely suppressed, while the lipid uptake was reduced to a lesser extent. Evidence for vesicle-cell lipid exchange was obtained using V79 cells grown on 3H precursors for cellular lipids. [14C]lecithin vesicles, incubated with such cells, showed no change in their elution properties when subjected to molecular sieve chromatography on Sepharose 4B. However, radioactivity and thin-layer chromatographic analyses revealed that a variety of cell lipiids had been exchanged into the uniamellar vesicles. Further evidence for the fusion and exchange processes was obtained using vesicles prepared from mixtures of [3H]lecithin and [14C]cholesterol. A two-step fusion mechanism consistent with the present findings is proposed as a working model for other fusion studies.
Life Long Learning In Sparse Learning Environments (2013)

Life long learning is a machine learning technique that deals with learning sequential tasks over time. It seeks to transfer knowledge from previous learning tasks to new learning tasks in order to increase generalization performance and learning speed. Real-time learning environments in which many agents are participating may provide learning opportunities but they are spread out in time and space outside of the geographical scope of a single learning agent. This research seeks to provide an algorithm and framework for life long learning among a network of agents in a sparse real-time learning environment. This work will utilize the robust knowledge representation of neural networks, and make use of both functional and representational knowledge transfer to accomplish this task. A new generative life long learning algorithm utilizing cascade correlation and reverberating pseudo-rehearsal and incorporating a method for merging divergent life long learning paths will be implemented.
KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION FROM EVOLVING SPIKING NEURAL NETWORKS WITH RANK ORDER POPULATION CODING (2010)

This paper demonstrates how knowledge can be extracted from evolving spiking neural networks with rank order population coding. Knowledge discovery is a very important feature of intelligent systems. Yet, a disproportionally small amount of research is centered on the issue of knowledge extraction from spiking neural networks which are considered to be the third generation of artificial neural networks. The lack of knowledge representation compatibility is becoming a major detriment to end users of these networks. We show that a high-level knowledge can be obtained from evolving spiking neural networks. More specifically, we propose a method for fuzzy rule extraction from an evolving spiking network with rank order population coding. The proposed method was used for knowledge discovery on two benchmark taste recognition problems where the knowledge learnt by an evolving spiking neural network was extracted in the form of zero-order Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy IF-THEN rules.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging using non-Fourier, spatially selective radiofrequency encoding (1999)

A new method for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) employing non-Fourier encoding using spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) excitation is presented. The method uses manipulation of spatially selective RF pulses to encode spins in the slice-select direction. The method has several advantages over standard multislice approaches. It provides a simple means for monitoring irregularly distributed sections throughout a volume without the need to encode the whole volume. It offers the potential for increased signal-to-noise ratio if an appropriate basis is used for encoding. With a unique design of excitation pulses, it also appears possible to significantly reduce in-flow effects. An interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence was adapted for non-Fourier encoding in the slice-select direction and was implemented on a conventional 1.5-Telsa system. The method was then used for functional mapping of the visual and motor areas where significant reduction of in-flow effect was demonstrated. This approach can be adapted to other imaging sequences that are used for fMRI, such as single-shot EPI.
Active Electrostatic Force Microscopy (2015)

We present Active Electrostatic Force Microscopy, as a new integrated circuit analysis technique for tracing nets and localizing opens. We demonstrate non-destructive surface and subsurface potential mapping, similar to Electron Beam Absorbed Current microscopy, without the associated high energy electron beam damage to the dielectrics.
Collaborative filtering with temporal dynamics (2010)

Customer preferences for products are drifting over time. Product perception and popularity are constantly changing as new selection emerges. Similarly, customer inclinations are evolving, leading them to ever redefine their taste. Thus, modeling temporal dynamics is essential for designing recommender systems or general customer preference models. However, this raises unique challenges. Within the ecosystem intersecting multiple products and customers, many different characteristics are shifting simultaneously, while many of them influence each other and often those shifts are delicate and associated with a few data instances. This distinguishes the problem from concept drift explorations, where mostly a single concept is tracked. Classical time-window or instance decay approaches cannot work, as they lose too many signals when discarding data instances. A more sensitive approach is required, which can make better distinctions between transient effects and long-term patterns. We show how to model the time changing behavior throughout the life span of the data. Such a model allows us to exploit the relevant components of all data instances, while discarding only what is modeled as being irrelevant. Accordingly, we revamp two leading collaborative filtering recommendation approaches. Evaluation is made on a large movie-rating dataset underlying the Netflix Prize contest. Results are encouraging and better than those previously reported on this dataset. In particular, methods described in this paper play a significant role in the solution that won the Netflix contest.
Variables Affecting Silicone‐Polymethyl Methacrylate Interfacial Bond Strengths (1993)

The bond strength between a methyl methacrylate denture base and a silicone soft liner varies only slightly when either Lucitone, Lucitone 199, or polymerization in a wet or dry environment is used. Under the conditions of this study, a fresh-mixed silane coupling agent produced a distinctly superior bond strength.
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3?? INHIBITION REDUCES SECONDARY DAMAGE IN EXPERIMENTAL SPINAL CORD TRAUMA (2006)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has recently been identified as an ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSK-3β inhibition on the degree of experimental spinal cord trauma induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, production of a range of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage, and apoptosis. Treatment of the mice with TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3β inhibitor, significantly reduced the degree of (1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity), (3) iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and COX-2 expression (4) and apoptosis (TUNEL staining and Bax and Bcl-2 expression). In a separate set of experiments, TDZD-8 significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with TDZD-8 reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.
Audiological Deficits After Closed Head Injury (2010)

It is concluded that there is higher prevalence of hearing impairment in the study group compared with control group. Majority of the patients who incur hearing loss after closed head injury have mild degree of hearing impairment. A significant difference between the study and control group observed on majority of the auditory brain stem response and middle latency response parameters studied.
Specific Protein Attachment to Artificial Membranes via Coordination to Lipid-Bound Copper(II) (1994)

A versatile and convenient method for targeting proteins to lipid assemblies using metal ion coordination is described. Mixed lipid bilayers and Langmuir monolayers containing a metal-chelating lipid and divalent copper ions are shown to bind protein via surface-accessible histidine residues. Cu^(2+) chelated by iminodiacetate (IDA) in the headgroup serves as an affinity ligand to target the protein to the interface. The compact, uncharged Cu^(2+)-IDA headgroup can be incorporated into lipid assemblies without disrupting the lipid packing. Surface pressure-area isotherms of DSPC monolayers containing 5 mol % of IDA-lipid show that Cu^(2+) enhances the rate and extent of myoglobin association with the interface. Myoglobin binds to small unilamellar vesicles containing 2% Cu^(2+)-IDA lipid (48% DSPC and 50% cholesterol) at least an order of magnitude more tightly than to vesicles without metal or loaded with Ca^(2+). The Cu^(2+)-IDA lipid more than doubles the amount of protein targeted to the interface. Cu^(2+) ESR parameters g_∥ and A_∥,\nmeasured for liposomes with native and DEPC-modified myoglobin, support coordination of surface histidine side chains to Cu^(2+) as the binding interaction.
Parameter-specific ring oscillator for process monitoring at the 45 nm node (2010)

Parameter-specific ring oscillator (RO) experimental results are reported, demonstrating the ability to electronically distinguish and quantify sources of variations from gate lithography focus, gate-to-active overlay, nitride contact etch stop layer (CESL) strain, and Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) stress. A 2% RO frequency change due to gate focus variations, a three-four nm overlay error, a 20% increase in RO frequency per 1 um increase in length of diffusion (LOD), and a 3% speed-up per 0.3 um change in STI width are measured. Typical standard-deviation/mean (σ/μ) among 36 ROs within-chip is 0.2–0.3%.
A dual-mode direct-conversion CMOS transceiver for Bluetooth and 802.11b (2004)

A dual-mode direct-conversion transceiver integrates the transmitter of 0dBm output power and the receiver for both Bluetooth with -87dBm sensitivity and 802.11b with -86dBm sensitivity in a single chip with all building blocks shared for low cost and low power solution. Fabricated in 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process, die size is 8.4mm/sup 2/ including pads and current consumption in RX is 50 mA for Bluetooth and 65mA for 802.11b.
Regulation of depth and composition of airway surface liquid (1997)

The depth and composition of human airway surface liquid (ASL) may depend on secretion from airway glands, ion transport across the surface epithelium, goblet cell discharge, transepithelial gradients in hydrostatic pressure, and surface tension. Published values for the frequency of airway glands and for the secretory rates of individual glands suggest that total gland secretion in human trachea can amount to approximately 60 microL x cm(-2) x h(-1). Volume absorption directly measured across cultures of surface epithelium from human trachea is approximately 5 microL x cm(-2) x h(-1). These flows should alter the depth of ASL at +10 and -1 microm x min(-1). We have looked for changes in ASL depth of this magnitude using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) of rapidly frozen specimens of bovine trachea. Stimulation of gland secretion with methacholine led to an initial increase in depth of approximately 25 microm x min(-1) followed by a decline at approximately 1.5 microm x min(-1). Whereas the initial increase in depth was probably due to transient gland secretion, the later decline reflected active absorption of liquid across the surface epithelium. Finally, we present preliminary data showing that LT-SEM can be combined with X-ray microanalysis to determine the elemental composition of ASL.
Functional Genomic Analysis of Fluconazole Susceptibility in the Pathogenic Yeast <i>Candida glabrata</i> : Roles of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondria (2004)

The pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata exhibits innate resistance to fluconazole, the most commonly used antifungal agent. By screening a library of 9,216 random insertion mutants, we identified a set of 27 genes which upon mutation, confer altered fluconazole susceptibility in C. glabrata. Homologues of three of these genes have been implicated in azole and/or drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: two of these belong to the family of ABC transporters (PDR5 and PDR16), and one is involved in retrograde signaling from mitochondria to nucleus (RTG2). The remaining 24 genes are involved in diverse cellular functions, including ribosomal biogenesis and mitochondrial function, activation of RNA polymerase II transcription, nuclear ubiquitin ligase function, cell wall biosynthesis, and calcium homeostasis. We characterized two sets of mutants in more detail. Strains defective in a putative plasma membrane calcium channel (Cch1-Mid1) were modestly more susceptible to fluconazole but showed a significant loss of viability upon prolonged fluconazole exposure, suggesting that calcium signaling is required for survival of azole stress in C. glabrata. These mutants were defective in calcium uptake in response to fluconazole exposure. The combined results suggest that, in the absence of Ca(2+) signaling, fluconazole has a fungicidal rather than a fungistatic effect on C. glabrata. The second set of mutants characterized in detail were defective in mitochondrial assembly and organization, and these exhibited very high levels of fluconazole resistance. Further analysis of these mutants indicated that in C. glabrata a mechanism exists for reversible loss of mitochondrial function that does not involve loss of mitochondrial genome and that C. glabrata can switch between states of mitochondrial competence and incompetence in response to fluconazole exposure.
Biodiesel Production from Sewage Sludge by Using Alkali Catalyst Catalyze (2016)

Sewage treatment produces sewage sludge, which is in large amount and continue to increase. The sludge contains considerable lipid and they can react with methanol to produce biodiesel. Normally acid catalyst was used in the transesterification reaction with sludge as a raw material, because sewage sludge contains a lot of free fatty acid which is an inhibition factor for transesterification reaction by alkali catalyst. However, alkali catalyst has other advantages such as easy to separate and fast reaction speed. As a result, in this research in-situ transesterification by alkali catalyst with sewage sludge as raw material was discussed. KOH/activated carbon as solid base catalysts were prepared by using wet impregnation method, which were used as catalysts in sewage sludge in-situ transesterification reaction. The influence of the catalyst mass fraction (15%,20%,25%,35%,45%), and dosage of catalyst (0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,0.35g,0.4g,0.5g,0.6g,0.7g), on the in situ-transesterification has been examined. The results show that: 25% (mass fraction, the same below) KOH/activated carbon was used as catalyst in the reaction process. When the mass ratio of alcohol and sludge was 10:1, reaction temperature was 60°C, catalytic amount (3wt%)and reaction time was 8h,the yield of FAME was 6.8%. Those were the optimum conditions. The surface features of catalyst were analysed by BET.
A Linear Equation Solver for Massively Parallel Computers (1993)

ABSTRACT The latest generation of parallel supercomputers promises to deliver computational performance that is orders of magnitude higher than that of the sequential supercomputers. The major obstacle to using these supercomputers for reservoir simulations is the lack of software. Most existing reservoir simulators were developed to run on sequential computers and must be restructured to take advantage of these parallel systems. The major bottleneck in the parallelization of a reservoir simulator is the solution of the linearized finite difference equation. Currently, the most robust techniques for solving large scale reservoir simulation problems are preconditioned conjugate gradient like methods. However, the more robust preconditioners such as nested factorization and ILU factorization are not suitable for parallel computers. This paper describes a parallel linear equation solver that is suitable for large and small scale parallel computers. It is based on the preconditioned generalized conjugate residual method. The new preconditioner is a parallel variant of nested factorization. For the problems tested, the new solver is as robust as the more traditional solvers for sequential computers. Results are presented for large scale reservoir models running on the Cray C—90 and a massively parallel CM-2.