gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recommending Groups to Users Using User-Group Engagement and Time-Dependent Matrix Factorization (2016)

Social networks often provide group features to help users with similar interests associate and consume content together. Recommending groups to users poses challenges due to their complex relationship: user-group affinity is typically measured implicitly and varies with time; similarly, group characteristics change as users join and leave. To tackle these challenges, we adapt existing matrix factorization techniques to learn user-group affinity based on two different implicit engagement metrics: (i) which group-provided content users consume; and (ii) which content users provide to groups. To capture the temporally extended nature of group engagement we implement a time-varying factorization. We test the assertion that latent preferences for groups and users are sparse in investigating elastic-net regularization. Experiments using data from DeviantArt indicate that the time-varying implicit engagement-based model provides the best top-K group recommendations, illustrating the benefit of the added model complexity.
A 0.5V 100MHz PD-SOI SRAM with enhanced read stability and write margin by asymmetric MOSFET and forward body bias (2010)

Voltage and technology scaling and increasing random variation in MOSFET characteristics reduce the operational margin of SRAM functionality, and several design techniques have been suggested to improve margins [1–3]. However, it is still difficult to achieve low-voltage operation (less than 1V) by design alone for devices such as sensor network applications using solar batteries. Design solutions combined with device techniques are required for robust SRAM operation and at the same time maintain low standby leakage.
Stress reduction in epitaxial GaN films on Si using cubic SiC as intermediate layers (2006)

Stress in the epitaxial films of GaN on Si is reduced by using SiC as intermediate layers. The crystalline films of cubic SiC (0–1μm), thin AlN (50nm), and GaN (1–3μm) were prepared on 3in. (1 1 1) Si substrates—stacked in the order of GaN∕AlN∕SiC∕Si—by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. It is revealed by Raman spectroscopy that the tensile stress in GaN is reduced to half (reduction of about 300MPa) for GaN on Si with SiC intermediate layers compared with GaN on Si without SiC intermediate layers. Because of stress reduction, crack-free GaN on Si with a thickness of 2μm was obtained by using SiC intermediate layers. Cracking was minimized even on thicker GaN on Si (3μm thick) with SiC intermediate layers. The SiC intermediate layers are promising for the realization of nitride based electronic devices on Si.
Performance Modeling and Analysis of a Hollow Fiber Membrane System (2016)

A mathematical model was developed for performance of hollow fiber membrane filtration system by considering both frictional and kinetic pressure losses along the fiber.The model was solved numerically as a whole and analytically with the kinetic term omitted with constant driving pressure as the primary control parameter.Numerical simulations first demonstrated that the kinetic pressure loss in the hollow fiber was negligible compared to the frictional pressure loss for the current hollow fiber membranes.It was further demonstrated that the productivity (exit velocity) of a hollow fiber was greatly affected by the radius of the fiber.The axial velocity reached a plateau value rapidly along a fiber of a small diameter while increased linearly along a fiber of sufficiently large radius.For given membrane materials (resistance) and fiber length, an optimal diameter of the fiber can be determined to maximize exit velocity.
Alloy Design for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2007)

A set of guidelines is proposed for designing high-energy-density alloy anode materials. It is first shown that the molar volume of lithium is about in a wide variety of lithium alloys and is independent of lithium content. Using this property of lithium alloys, simple relationships between the volumetric energy density and the volumetric expansion of an alloy are derived. These relationships are extremely powerful for designing alloys with the maximum possible energy density for a given electrode-coating performance.
Herding the Cats of Deep Time (2018)

This chapter aligns scientific and pre-philosophical angles on history with various reflective and methodological considerations. The past, a philosophical puzzle at the best of times, presents itself to us in many ways and at many different scales. If we abandon ideas of providence or progress for more naturalism we are left with numerous often incommensurable stories. And our inescapable performative interest we have in such accounts impacts our understanding of the present age and our arguably dark future. We draw here on phenomenological, hermeneutic, and deconstructive critique to articulate a provisional temporal phronesis by which to address the challenges of Deep Time. This brings to the fore such notions as irreversibility, fatal delay, structural inertia, uneven development, tipping points, time unimaginable, multiple strands, and aporetic time. Every age raises deep philosophical questions in its own way. War, freedom, justice, sexual difference have all had their day, but today the spectacle of anthropogenic climate change presses philosophy to the limit. Agency, responsibility, time, history, nature, earth, life, science, even truth—are not only live issues, they are becoming perspicuously mortal concerns. How to deal with the passions aroused by our situation, which both drive and block an adequate response to it?
Special Section on Vehicular Energy-Storage Systems (2009)

The ten papers in this special section focus on state-of-the-art research and development and future trends in the modeling, design, control, and optimization of energy-storage systems for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in HEVs.
Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Motor Recovery After Stroke in Adults (2003)

Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated that the damaged adult brain is able to reorganize to compensate for motor deficits. Rather than a complete substitution of function, the main mechanism underlying recovery of motor abilities involves enhanced activity in preexisting networks, including the disconnected motor cortex in subcortical stroke and the infarct rim after cortical stroke. Involvement of nonmotor and contralesional motor areas has been consistently reported, with the emerging notion that the greater the involvement of the ipsilesional motor network, the better is the recovery. This hypothesis is supported by the enhanced activity of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex induced by motor training and acute pharmacological interventions, in parallel with improved motor function. Further longitudinal studies assessing the relationships between such changes and actual recovery, as well as manipulating such changes by rehabilitation or pharmacological maneuvers, should provide further information on these fundamental questions. This review closes with some perspectives for future research.
System-Level Power Management: An Overview (2008)

One of the key challenges of computer system design is the management and conservation of energy. This challenge is evident in a number of ways. The goal may be to extend the battery lifetime of a portable, battery-powered device. The processing power, memory, and network bandwidth of such devices are increasing quickly, resulting in an increase in demand for higher power dissipation, while the battery capacity is improving at a much slower pace. Other goals may be to limit the cooling requirements of a computer system or to reduce the financial cost of operating a large computing facility with a high energy bill. This chapter focuses on techniques which dynamically manage electronic systems in order to minimize its energy consumption. Ideally, the problem of managing the energy consumed by electronic systems should be addressed at all levels of design, ranging from low-power circuits and architectures to application and system software capable of adapting to the available energy source. Many research and industrial efforts are currently underway to develop low-power hardware as well as energyaware application software in the design of energy-efficient computing systems. Our objective in this chapter is to explore what the system software, vis-à-vis the operating system (OS), can do
Effect of SA-103 on experimental allergic models in vivo and in vitro--comparison with disodium cromoglycate. (1992)

The anti-allergic action of N-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-carboxamide (SA-103) was investigated and compared with that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). 1) Oral administration of SA-103 (0.1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent inhibition of 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats. The inhibition rate (50%) of the compound at 1 mg/kg was comparable to that of DSCG at 1 mg/kg (i.v.). 2) Both of the drugs concentration-dependently inhibited the release of in vitro anaphylactic histamine from rat peritoneal exudate cells, but SA-103 was 1,000 times as potent as DSCG. 3) High doses (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) of SA-103 tended to suppress 7-day homologous PCA in guinea pigs by only 20-30%. DSCG (100 mg/kg, i.v.) did not influence the reaction. 4) Neither anaphylactic histamine nor leukotriene release from guinea pig lung fragments was markedly influenced by SA-103 (10(-8)-10(-5) g/ml) or DSCG (10(-5)-10(-3) g/ml). 5) The histamine and serotonin induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum were minimally enhanced or suppressed by very high concentrations (10(-4) g/ml) of SA-103 and DSCG. In addition to the above results, prolonged treatment with either compound before antigen challenge decreased the inhibitory response to anaphylactic histamine release from rat peritoneal cells. It is suggested, therefore, that the main mechanism(s) of the anti-allergic action of SA-103 is similar to that of DSCG, and SA-103 may be expected to be effective against allergic diseases.
FeP nanoparticles grown on graphene sheets as highly active non-precious-metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (2014)

A synthetic route to FeP-GS hybrid sheets that show good stability and high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction is reported. The materials are prepared via thermal phosphidation of pre-synthesized Fe3O4-GS hybrid sheets.
Sandwich Panel Composite Based Light-Weight Structure Design for Reserved Energy Storage System (RESS) Protection (2019)

The research in the electric vehicle requires a safe Reserved Energy Storage System (RESS) that is durable and crashworthy to withstand a harsh environment, especially ground impact from stone debris on the road. RESS, which typically uses lithium-ion type battery, is posed to the danger of thermal runaway as an aftermath of intrusion into the battery cell structures. Thermal runaway might happen because the separators between the anode and cathode damage and fail that result in a short circuit. Nowadays, metallic structures have been applied underneath the cells to protect RESS. However, the protection cannot hold high-speed impact properly. This research focuses on a composite-based protective layer by using sandwich panel constructions to achieve a stiffer structure. The design and analysis of the sandwich composite structure was conducted using non-linear finite element analysis. The study involves multiple design variables to take into account variations such as layer thickness, topology, and fiber orientation. This research only uses plain weave Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The variables that are set as performance indicators are mainly cell deformation and energy absorbed. Among the two topologies tested, Navy Truss (NavTruss) model is proven to have better performance compared to the Blast Resistant Adaptive Sandwich (BRAS) model. This due to the NavTruss structure absorbs energy by undergoing progressive crushing, while BRAS structure collapse within the supports. In the NavTruss itself, various orientations are tested, and it is found that the most effective orientation is [(0/90) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /[(±45)/(0/90)] <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ]s. The optimum NavTruss composite structure configuration appears to be more superior with 36 percent mass saving compared to the metallic structure.
Compact Five Band Internal Antenna for Mobile Phone (2006)

A novel five-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for mobile phones is presented. In this antenna, helical feed, folded patch, and two long slots are employed for compact size and wide bandwidths. Specially, the two slots are effectively used to design low/high resonant frequencies independently. The designed antenna with size of 38 × 12 × 7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> covers DCN (824-894 MHz), GSM (880-960 MHz), DCS (1710-1880 MHz), USPCS (1850-1990 MHz), and WCDMA (1920-2170 MHz) within 3.0:1 voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR). Details of the antenna as well as the measured results are described.
Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles and Co-Micelles of Controlled Length and Architecture (2007)

Block copolymers consist of two or more chemically different polymers connected by covalent linkages. In solution, repulsion between the blocks leads to a variety of morphologies, which are thermodynamically driven. Polyferrocenyldimethylsilane block copolymers show an unusual propensity to forming cylindrical micelles in solution. We found that the micelle structure grows epitaxially through the addition of more polymer, producing micelles with a narrow size dispersity, in a process analogous to the growth of living polymer. By adding a different block copolymer, we could form co-micelles. We were also able to selectively functionalize different parts of the micelle. Potential applications for these materials include their use in lithographic etch resists, in redox-active templates, and as catalytically active metal nanoparticle precursors.
THE USE OF FISHEYE VIEW VISUALIZATIONS IN UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS PROCESS (2002)

Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used models for representing business processes. The traditional presentation of DFDs provides separate views of major system processes from views of their subprocesses. This separates the details of the low-level system activities from their context. Although this separation can reduce information overload, it can degrade the viewersâ understanding of the overall system. Fisheye views are one method of information presentation that emphasizes local detail while providing overall context clues, and are used in different contexts to alleviate such degradation effects. In this research (in progress), we investigate the application of fisheye views to the presentation of DFDs. We propose that the fisheye representations will more successfully communicate the information to its viewers than a series of separate diagrams. Through a controlled experiment, we will collect data in order to test the validity of this proposition.
Comparative studies of pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass. III. Response of anterior pituitary gland to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (1978)

Previous studies have indicated that, during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, the anterior pituitary gland fails to respond to the tropic stimulus of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This is in contrast to the normal response seen during closed cardiac and general surgical procedures. The Stöckert pulsatile pump system described in Part I has been employed in a comparative study of TRH responses in 20 patients subjected to pulsatile or nonpulsatile perfusion during open-heart surgery. In the nonpulsatile group, a consistently subnormal response to TRH injection was again found. In the pulsatile group, however, the pituitary response to TRH was normal in nine patients out of 10. The quantitative difference between the groups was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.005). These results indicate that the subnormal pituitary function seen with nonpulsatile bypass may be prevented by the use of pulsatile perfusion.
A C-fiber reflex modulated by heterotopic noxious somatic stimuli in the rat (1994)

1. Electromyographic recordings were made from the biceps femoris muscle through a pair of noninsulated platinum/iridium needle electrodes in male Sprague-Dawley rats artificially ventilated and anesthetized with 0.8% halothane in a N2O-O2 mixture (2/3:1/3). The animals' ventilation, heart rates, and body temperatures were continuously monitored. Electrical stimuli (2-ms duration, 0.16 Hz) were delivered to the sural nerve territory through a pair of noninsulated platinum/iridium needle electrode inserted subcutaneously in the medial aspect of the 4th and the lateral part of the 5th toe. Such stimulation elicited a two-component reflex response in the ipsilateral biceps femoris muscle: The first had a short latency (17.5 +/- 2.3 ms), short duration (20.7 +/- 2.6 ms), and low threshold (1.5 +/- 0.6 mA), whereas the second had a longer latency (162.4 +/- 5.1 ms), longer duration (202.3 +/- 6.2 ms), and higher threshold (5.7 +/- 0.5 mA). 2. Lidocaine (0.02-0.1%; 0.1 ml), but not saline, injected subcutaneously over the proximal part of the sural nerve, produced a selective depression of the late component of the reflex response, whereas the first component remained unchanged. The conduction velocity of the afferent fibers was estimated from the stimulation needles in the sural nerve territory to the nerve's projection in the lumbar spinal cord: it was concluded that the second, late component of the reflex response was due to afferent signals transmitted via unmyelinated C-fibers, whereas the first component was related to activation of fine myelinated fibers (A delta group). 3. Electrical stimulation of the sural nerve was still able to elicit the two-component reflex responses in the ipsilateral biceps femoris muscle of chronic spinal rats, indicating that these responses were genuine reflex responses, transmitted completely through a spinal circuit. 4. The C-fiber reflex was recorded when the duration and frequency of the stimuli applied to the sural nerve varied within the 0.5- to 4-ms and 0.02- to 1-Hz ranges, respectively. It was concluded that a single 2-ms duration shock at an intensity of 1.2 times the C-fiber reflex threshold, delivered every 6 s (0.16 Hz), constituted an acceptable and optimal protocol for experiments in which the C-fiber reflex was studied as a function of time. These parameters were used throughout the subsequent experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reconstituted Human Polyclonal Plasma-derived Secretory-like IgM and IgA Maintain the Barrier Function of Epithelial Cells Infected with an Enteropathogen (2014)

Intravenous administration of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies has proven to be a clinically valid approach in the treatment, or at least relief, of many acute and chronic pathologies, such as infection, immunodeficiency, and a broad range of autoimmune conditions. Plasma-derived IgG or recombinant IgG are most frequently used for intravenous or subcutaneous administration, whereas a few IgM-based products are available as well. We have established recently that secretory-like IgA and IgM can be produced upon association of plasma-derived polymeric IgA and IgM with a recombinant secretory component. As a next step toward potential future mucosal administration, we sought to unravel the mechanisms by which these secretory Igs protect epithelial cells located at the interface between the environment and the inside of the body. By using polarized epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers and Shigella flexneri as a model enteropathogen, we found that polyspecific plasma-derived SIgA and SIgM fulfill many protective functions, including dose-dependent recognition of the antigen via formation of aggregated immune complexes, reduction of bacterial infectivity, maintenance of epithelial cell integrity, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by epithelial cells. In this in vitro model devoid of other cellular or molecular interfering partners, IgM and secretory IgM showed stronger bacterial neutralization than secretory IgA. Together, these data suggest that mucosally delivered antibody preparations may be most effective when combining both secretory-like IgA and IgM, which, together, play a crucial role in preserving several levels of epithelial cell integrity.
Coaxial electron lenses (1947)

The resolving power of electron microscopes is limited chiefly by the fact that the spherical aberration of electron lenses of the conventional or "coreless" type can never be eliminated. In this paper a new type of electron lenses is investigated, called coaxial lenses. These contain a central cylindrical conductor, surrounded by a number of annular electrodes. The electrostatic fields in such lenses can be produced by super-imposing fields of a certain simple type, calculated and tabulated in this paper. This field corresponds to a "one-element" coaxial lens, containing an annular electrode in the form of a perforated disk with rounded edges, preceded and followed by cylindrical guard rings.
Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Polyimide-Tethered Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Nanocomposites via POSS-diamine (2003)

Polyimide-tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, (R7R'Si8O12) (POSS), nanocomposites with well-defined architectures are prepared by the copolymerization reaction of a new type of diamine monomer: POSS-diamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). This type of polyimide-side-chain-tethered POSS nanocomposite presents self-assembly characteristics when the amount of POSS exceeds10 mol %, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, POSS/polyimide nanocomposites have both lower and tunable dielectric constants, with the lowest value of 2.3, and controllable mechanical properties, as compared to that of pure polyimide.
Immunofluorescence Microscopy for the Detection of Surface Antigens in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2013)

Immunofluorescence microscopy is a widely used laboratory method which allows detection and visualization of specific antigens. The method employs the specificity of antibodies to deliver fluorophore to a specific target and then visualize it with a microscope. The power of the technique is that it requires relatively little manipulation and relatively few bacterial cells, enabling the detection of antigen expression where other methods cannot, such as during an actual infection in an animal. Here, we apply the method to follow antigen expression on the surface of MRSA cells over time in in vivo infection models.