gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyhedral meshing as an innovative approach to computational domain discretization of a cyclone in a fluidized bed CLC unit (2017)

Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a technology that allows the separation of CO2, which is generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. The majority of process designs currently under investigation are systems of coupled fluidized beds. Advances in the development of power generation system using CLC cannot be introduced without using numerical modelling as a research tool. The primary and critical activity in numerical modelling is the computational domain discretization. It influences the numerical diffusion as well as convergence of the model and therefore the overall accuracy of the obtained results. Hence an innovative approach of computational domain discretization using polyhedral (POLY) mesh is proposed in the paper. This method reduces both the numerical diffusion of the mesh as well as the time cost of preparing the model for subsequent calculation. The major advantage of POLY mesh is that each individual cell has many neighbours, so gradients can be much better approximated in comparison to commonly-used tetrahedral (TET) mesh. POLYs are also less sensitive to stretching than TETs which results in better numerical stability of the model. Therefore detailed comparison of numerical modelling results concerning subsection of CLC system using tetrahedral and polyhedral mesh is covered in the paper.
Analysis, synthesis and recognition of human faces with pose variations (2001)

Face recognition is one of the most interesting and challenging problems in computer vision. A great difficulty in face recognition is the separation of intrinsic facial characteristics from extrinsic image variations. Among the latter in 2D images are pose, illumination, and expression. Unfortunately, most past studies have provided variation-specific solutions that are not applicable to other types of variation. Performance has remained inferior to human ability and sub-optimal for practical use. 
Our investigation focuses on one of these problems, which is processing head pose information in 2D images: analyzing, synthesizing, and identifying facial images with arbitrary pose. Our goal is twofold. One is to provide a simple and general framework which may be useful beyond the specific problem of head pose. The other is to improve the pose processing accuracy of previous studies by using this framework. 
We propose a localized two-stage linear system which is learned strictly from sample statistics and models shape and texture information separately. Instead of using domain-specific analytical knowledge of 3D rotation in Euclidean space, our solution utilizes a simple statistical learning framework whose applicability is not limited to the problem at hand. A wider range of head poses is covered by a number of local linear models distributed over various poses, each of which realizes a continuous mapping function which directly associates a face's representation with the corresponding 3D head angle. 
Our experiments prove the system to be very accurate in terms of pose estimation and image reconstruction as a function of pose while covering a greater pose range and a higher number of rotation dimensions than previous systems. The systems generalization capability over unknown poses and persons is also shown. This facilitates continuous and smooth coverage of pose variation and learning from few samples. 
The main contribution of this study is a solution that is simultaneously simple, general and accurate. Its data-driven nature simplifies an otherwise labor-intensive data collection procedure. Possible applications include on-line sequential learning systems and man-machine communication.
<i>Sphingobacterium</i>sp. strain PM2-P1-29 harbours a functional<i>tet</i>(X) gene encoding for the degradation of tetracycline (2009)

This study demonstrates the importance of environmental bacteria and lateral gene transfer in the dissemination and proliferation of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
Analysis of Tub4p, a yeast gamma-tubulin-like protein: implications for microtubule-organizing center function. (1996)

gamma-Tubulin is a conserved component of microtubule-organizing centers and is thought to be involved in microtubule nucleation. A recently discovered Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene (TUB4) encodes a tubulin that is related to, but divergent from, gamma-tubulins. TUB4 is essential for cell viability, and epitope-tagged Tub4 protein (Tub4p) is localized to the spindle pole body (Sobel, S.G., and M. Snyder. 1995.J. Cell Biol. 131:1775-1788). We have characterized the expression of TUB4, the association of Tub4p with the spindle pole body, and its role in microtubule organization. Tub4p is a minor protein in the cell, and expression of TUB4 is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Wild-type Tub4p is localized to the spindle pole body, and a Tub4p-green fluorescent protein fusion is able to associate with a preexisting spindle pole body, suggesting that there is dynamic exchange between cytoplasmic and spindle pole body forms of Tub4p. Perturbation of Tub4p function, either by conditional mutation or by depletion of the protein, results in spindle as well as spindle pole body defects, but does not eliminate the ability of microtubules to regrow from, or remain attached to, the spindle pole body. The spindle pole bodies in tub4 mutant cells duplicate but do not separate, resulting in a monopolar spindle. EM revealed that one spindle pole body of the duplicated pair appears to be defective for the nucleation of microtubules. These results offer insight into the role of gamma-tubulin in microtubule-organizing center function.
Clear air turbulence detection (1966)

Although it is difficult to describe the nature of clear air turbulence (or CAT), we know its effect-the sudden vibration experienced by an aircraft in flight in a stormfree, cloudfree sky. It is evident that this turbulence is an eddy motion of the air that disrupts its uniform flow, a motion such as that associated with jet streams; however, we do not know exactly how it is generated. Because the effects of CAT can range from mere passenger discomfort to actual loss of an aircraft, it is important to devise some method of warning the pilot of turbulent areas to be avoided. Various indirect and direct detection systems, employing both active and passive techniques, are currently being investigated, but thus far all have exhibited serious limitations on effective performance. One reason for this is the lack of data concerning the phenomenon they are designed to detect.
A cellular star atlas: using astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells for disease studies (2013)

What roles do astrocytes play in human disease?This question remains unanswered for nearly every human neurological disorder. Yet, because of their abundance and complexity astrocytes can impact neurological function in many ways. The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into neuronal and glial subtypes, including astrocytes, is becoming routine, thus their use as tools for modeling neurodevelopment and disease will provide one important approach to answer this question. When designing experiments, careful consideration must be given to choosing paradigms for differentiation, maturation, and functional analysis of these temporally asynchronous cellular populations in culture. In the case of astrocytes, they display heterogeneous characteristics depending upon species of origin, brain region, developmental stage, environmental factors, and disease states, all of which may render experimental results highly variable. In this review, challenges and future directions are discussed for using hPSC-derived astroglial progenitors and mature astrocytes for neurodevelopmental studies with a focus on exploring human astrocyte effects upon neuronal function. As new technologies emerge to measure the functions of astrocytes in vitro and in vivo, there is also a need for a standardized source of human astrocytes that are most relevant to the diseases of interest.
COBALT-NICKEL SEPARATION BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH BIS(2,4,4 TRIMETHYLPENTYL)PHOSPHINIC ACID (1984)

Abstract The use of an organophosphinic acid to separate cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction is described. Comparative data indicate that the phosphinic acid is superior to analagous phosphoric and phosphonic acids in terms of cobalt-nickel selectivity and the ability to reject calcium. Important reagent properties, such as low aqueous solubility and hydrolytic stability, are discussed. The results of continuous, counter-current, mini-plant tests demonstrate the recovery of high purity cobalt from concentrated nickel sulphate solutions.
Complications of Intralesional Bleomycin in the Treatment of Orbital Lymphatic Malformations (2014)

Sclerotherapy of most LM with bleomycin appears to be safe and effective, but the lack of specific orbital data means we must extrapolate LM data from other fields to orbital LM with caution. Additional research is warranted, though the risk-benefit ratio remains unknown.
The DNA-binding protein pUL57 of human cytomegalovirus is a major target antigen for the immunoglobulin M antibody response during acute infection (1995)

A small polypeptide from pUL57 of human cytomegalovirus was identified as a major target for the immunoglobulin M antibody response. This antigen seems to be superior to antigenic fragments from pp150 and p52 in the identification of sera from acutely infected patients. It may therefore represent an essential antigen for recombinant immunoglobulin M antibody tests for human cytomegalovirus.
Delayed Expulsion of the Nematode <i>Trichinella spiralis</i>In Mice Lacking the Mucosal Mast Cell–Specific Granule Chymase, Mouse Mast Cell Protease-1 (2000)

Expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes is associated with pronounced mucosal mast cell (MMC) hyperplasia, differentiation, and activation, accompanied by the systemic release of MMC granule chymases (chymotrypsin-like serine proteases). The beta-chymase mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) is expressed predominantly by intraepithelial MMCs, and levels in the bloodstream and intestinal lumen are maximal at the time of worm expulsion in parasitized mice. To address the in vivo functions of MMC-specific beta-chymases, we have generated transgenic mice that lack the mMCP-1 gene. They were backcrossed onto a congenic BALB/c background to investigate the response to nematode infection. The deletion of the mMCP-1 gene is associated with significantly delayed expulsion of Trichinella spiralis and increased deposition of muscle larvae in BALB/c mice despite the presence of normal and sometimes increased numbers of MMCs. Neither worm fecundity nor worm burdens were altered in Nippostrongylus-infected mMCP-1(-/)- BALB/c mice. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the ablation of an MMC-derived effector molecule compromises the expulsion process.
Intramyocardial administration of chimeric ephrinA1‐Fc promotes tissue salvage following myocardial infarction in mice (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of intramyocardial administration of chimeric ephrinA1-Fc in modulating the extent of injury and inflammation in non reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). Our results show that intramyocardial injection of 6 μg ephrinA1-Fc into the border zone immediately after permanent coronary artery ligation in B6129s mice resulted in 50% reduction of infarct size, 64% less necrosis, 35% less chamber dilatation and 32% less left ventricular free wall thinning at 4 days post-MI. In the infarct zone, Ly6G+ neutrophil density was 57% reduced and CD45+ leukocyte density was 21% reduced. Myocyte damage was also reduced in ephrinA1-Fc-treated hearts, as evidenced by 54% reduced serum cardiac troponin I. Further, we observed decreased cleaved PARP, increased BAG-1 protein expression, increased phosphorylated AKT/total AKT protein, and reduced NF-κB protein with ephrinA1-Fc administration, indicating improved cellular survival. Of the eight EphA receptors known to be expressed in mice (A1–A8), RT-PCR revealed that A1–A4, A6 and A7 were expressed in the uninjured adult myocardium. Expression of EphA1–A3 and EphA7 were significantly increased following MI while EphA6 expression decreased. Treatment with ephrinA1-Fc further increased EphA1 and EphA2 gene expression and resulted in a 2-fold increase in EphA4. Upregulation and combinatorial activation of these receptors may promote tissue survival. We have identified a novel, beneficial role for ephrinA1-Fc administration at the time of MI, and propose this as a promising new target for infarct salvage in non reperfused MI. More experiments are in progress to identify receptor-expressing cell types as well as the functional implications of receptor activation.
Rapid Constructions of Microstructures for Optical Fiber Sensors Using a Commercial CO2 Laser System (2008)

Exposing an optical fiber core to the measurand surrounding the fiber is often used to enhance the sensitivity of an optical fiber sensor. This paper reports on the rapid fabrication of microstructures in an optical fiber using a CO₂ laser system which help exposing the optical fiber core to the measurand. The direct-write CO₂ laser system used is originally designed for engraving the polymeric material. Fabrications of microstructures such as in-fiber microhole, D-shaped fiber, in-fiber microchannel, side-sliced fiber and tapered fiber were attempted. The microstructures in the fibers were examined using a SEM and an optical microscope. Quality of microstructures shown by the SEM images and promising results from fluorescence sensor tests using in-fiber microchannels of 100μm width, 210μm depth and 10mm length show the prospect of this method for use in optical fiber sensor development. The direct-write CO₂ laser system is a flexible and fast machining tool for fabricating microstructures in an optical fiber, and can possibly be a replacement of the time consuming chemical etching and polishing methods used for microstructure fabrications of optical the fiber sensors reported in other literatures.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Mapping (2006)

Abstract Body surface mapping records the electrocardiogram (ECG) on the entire body (torso) surface using a grid of many leads (more than 30) on the torso surface. Although many studies have demonstrated that mapping provides more information than the standard 12‐lead ECG, it is still only a powerful scientific tool but not in widespread clinical use. The challenge is to retrieve and display diagnostic information such that it can be assessed by the naked eye. This chapter first provides an overview on basic tools and standards for ECG mapping. Here, more careful data preprocessing and better instrumentation is required than for the 12‐lead ECG. Mathematical tools for estimating the number of independent signals are discussed. The classical potential and parameter maps are addressed shortly. Recently, the model‐based back projection of the body surface ECG data onto the cardiac surface (inverse problem, functional imaging) has been successfully validated in in vitro models and humans. A short introduction to the basics of functional imaging is provided and two promising approaches are highlighted. Limitations and potential for further improvement are discussed. Thus, the additional information in many leads needs sophisticated methods for displaying the source pattern on the actual cardiac geometry. The sole improvement of instrumentation in terms of more leads without the support of tailored algorithms does not provide any new diagnostic information.
Preparation of Ba<sub>2</sub>YCu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Superconducting Films by Laser Evaporation and Rapid Laser Annealing (1988)

A Ba 2 YCu 3 O x superconducting film was prepared by laser evaporation and rapid laser annealing followed by 450°C furnace annealing in flowing O 2 . This is the first report on the preparation of a superconducting film by laser annealing. This technique supplies the first step in the preparation of superconducting films on various kinds of substrates without a prolonged high-temperature treatment.
From Design to Screening: A New Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery Pipeline (2013)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belong to a class of natural microbicidal molecules that have been receiving great attention for their lower propensity for inducing drug resistance, hence, their potential as alternative drugs to conventional antibiotics. By generating AMP libraries, one can study a large number of candidates for their activities simultaneously in a timely manner. Here, we describe a novel methodology where in silico designed AMP-encoding oligonucleotide libraries are cloned and expressed in a cellular host for rapid screening of active molecules. The combination of parallel oligonucleotide synthesis with microbial expression systems not only offers complete flexibility for sequence design but also allows for economical construction of very large peptide libraries. An application of this approach to discovery of novel AMPs has been demonstrated by constructing and screening a custom library of twelve thousand plantaricin-423 mutants in Escherichia coli. Analysis of selected clones by both Sanger-sequencing and 454 high-throughput sequencing produced a significant amount of data for positionally important residues of plantaricin-423 responsible for antimicrobial activity and, moreover, resulted in identification of many novel variants with enhanced specific activities against Listeria innocua. This approach allows for generation of fully tailored peptide collections in a very cost effective way and will have countless applications from discovery of novel AMPs to gaining fundamental understanding of their biological function and characteristics.
Dispersion of Oxides on HZSM-5 and Threshold Effect on Shape-Selective Methylation of Toluene (1999)

A series of oxide-supported HZSM-5 catalysts have been studied. The results show that B2O3, MgO, Sb2O3, ZnO and P2O5 can disperse onto the surface of HZSM-5 on an atomic scale. Their dispersion thresholds on HZSM-5 have been determined by XRD and XPS. For all these catalysts, with increase of oxide loading, para-selectivity of methylation of toluene increases rapidly and reaches a maximum at the dispersion threshold, and hereafter does not change any more. This phenomenon is termed 'threshold effect'. The decrease in activity, specific surface area and surface acidity of the catalyst also show the similar threshold effect, which reveals the internal relations between the structure and the behavior of this kind of catalysts.
[Development and assessment of real cardiac motion simulation phantom]. (2001)

To evaluate cardiac images obtained by multi-slice CT, assessments of the temporal resolution and reconstruction algorithm are essential. For these purposes, we have designed and developed a cardiac motion phantom. Using suitable driver sequences, the phantom allowed for modeling of real left ventricular motion, which was characterized by fast pumping, slow pumping, fast filling and slow filling. Our phantom seems to be useful for use in the fundamental assessments and researches of cardiac CT.
Human Insulin Vesicle Dynamics During Pulsatile Secretion (2007)

In healthy individuals, plasma insulin levels oscillate in both fasting and fed states. Numerous studies of isolated pancreata and pancreatic islets support the hypothesis that insulin oscillations arise because the underlying rate of insulin secretion also oscillates; yet, insulin secretion has never been observed to oscillate in individual pancreatic beta-cells. Using expressed fluorescent vesicle cargo proteins and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we demonstrate that glucose stimulates human pancreatic beta-cells to secrete insulin vesicles in short, coordinated bursts of approximately 70 vesicles each. Randomization tests and spectral analysis confirmed that the temporal patterns of secretion were not random, instead exhibiting alternating periods of secretion and rest, recurring with statistically significant periods of 15-45 s. Although fluorescent vesicles arrived at the plasma membrane before, during, and after stimulation, their rate of arrival was significantly slower than their rate of secretion, so that their density near the plasma membrane dropped significantly during the cell's response. To study in greater detail the vesicle dynamics during cyclical bursts of secretion, we applied trains of depolarizations once a minute and performed simultaneous membrane capacitance measurements and TIRF imaging. Surprisingly, young fluorescent insulin vesicles contributed at least half of the vesicles secreted in response to a first train, even though young vesicles were vastly outnumbered by older, nonfluorescent vesicles. For subsequent trains, young insulin vesicles contributed progressively less to total secretion, whereas capacitance measurements revealed that total stimulated secretion did not decrease. These results suggest that in human pancreatic beta-cells, young vesicles are secreted first, and only then are older vesicles recruited for secretion.
GROWTH AND CYTOPATHIC EFFECT OF RUBELLA VIRUS IN A LINE OF GREEN MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS. (1965)

SummaryRecently isolated strains of rubella virus as well as a stock strain regularly induce characteristic, easily recognized, cyto-pathic changes when adapted to a line of African green monkey cells established in this laboratory. The reaction of this cell line to infection provides a reliable and convenient means for titration of viral infectivity and assay of specific virus-neutralizing antibody.The author acknowledges the helpful guidance of Dr. John F. Enders in preparation of this manuscript.
English and Spanish Acquisition by Hispanic Second Graders in Developmental Bilingual Programs (2008)

The authors studied a longitudinal English intervention in a 70/30 (Spanish/ English) developmental bilingual education (DBE) program ( n = 302) and compared this model with a typical-practice, 80/20, late-exit transitional bilingual education program ( n = 187) in terms of students' language and literacy acquisition from kindergarten to second grade in an urban school district in southeastern Texas. The findings revealed significant differences ( p values < .05) in favor of DBE students on (a) English measures of oral language, preliteracy skills, and reading fluency and comprehension (effect sizes of .12 to .71) and (b) Spanish measures of letter name and sound, preliteracy skills, and reading comprehension (effect sizes of .19 to .38). It was concluded that quality English instruction that incorporates direct and focused instruction, context-embedded vocabulary learning, and ongoing professional training in DBE programs is much needed to promote bilingualism and biliteracy.
Porphyrin Tessellation by Design: Metal-Mediated Self-Assembly of Large Arrays and Tapes (1998)

Twenty-one components self-assemble to form the large (ca. 25 nm2), planar porphyrin arrays of type 1: four dipyridylporphyrins, four tripyridylporphyrins, one tetrapyridylporphyrin, and twelve PdCl2 units.