gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting BCL-xL improves the efficacy of bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer by eliciting the death of senescent cells (2018)

Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BETi) suppress oncogenic gene expression and have been shown to be efficacious in many <i>in vitro</i> and murine models of cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive disease. However, in most cancer models, responses to BETi can be highly variable. We previously reported that TNBC cells either undergo senescence or apoptosis in response to BETi, but the specific mechanisms dictating these two cell fates remain unknown. Using six human TNBC cell lines, we show that the terminal response of TNBC cells to BETi is dictated by the intrinsic expression levels of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL). BCL-xL levels were higher in cell lines that senesce in response to BETi compared with lines that primarily die in response to these drugs. Moreover, BCL-xL expression was further reduced in cells that undergo BETi-mediated apoptosis. Forced BCL-xL overexpression in cells that normally undergo apoptosis following BETi treatment shifted them to senescence without affecting the reported mechanism of action of BETi in TNBC, that is, mitotic catastrophe. Most importantly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of BCL-xL induced apoptosis in response to BETi, and inhibiting BCL-xL, even after BETi-induced senescence had already occurred, still induced cell death. These results indicate that BCL-xL provides a senescent cell death-inducing or senolytic target that may be exploited to improve therapeutic outcomes of TNBC in response to BETi. They also suggest that the basal levels of BCL-xL should be predictive of tumor responses to BETi in current clinical trials.
Discounted and Per Unit Costs of Product Warranty (1987)

This paper proposes a detailed model of the costs and benefits to producers and consumers of product warranty. Three common types of product warranty contract are considered. In addition, we explicitly allow for randomness in consumer repurchase behavior and for the possibility of an independent damage process acting on products sold under warranty. The cost criteria considered are discounted costs (profits) and per unit costs (and profits). The model is used to analyze the trade-off between warranty and quality control, and to illustrate the sensitivity of warranty costs to environmental variables.
Influence of delta-doping on the performance of Ge/Si quantum-dot mid-infrared photodetectors (2012)

The effect of delta-doping on the performance of ten-period Ge/Si quantum-dot (QD) mid-infrared photodetectors (λmax≃3.4 μm) was investigated. Ge QDs fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy at 500 °C are overgrown with Si at 600 °C. Each Si barrier contains a boron delta-doping layer located near the QD plane to provide holes to the dots. Within the sample set, we examined devices with different positions of the δ-doping layer with respect to the QD plane, different distances between the δ-doping layer and the QD plane, and different doping densities. All detectors show pronounced photovoltaic behavior implying the presence of an internal inversion asymmetry. We observed a reversal of the voltage dependence of responsivity with respect to zero bias when the δ-doping plane is carried from the bottom to the top of the dot layer. This result indicates that the main reason for the asymmetric photoresponse is the existence of a built-in electric field due to the placing dopants in the barriers. Devices with a lower doping density (pB=4×1011 cm−2) or with a shorter distance between the doping layer and QDs (d = 2 nm) are found to operate better in a photoconductive mode with the highest peak detectivity of about 6×1010 cm Hz1/2/W at T = 90 K and 0.2 V bias. The best performance is achieved for the device with pB=12×1011 cm−2 and d = 5 nm in a photovoltaic regime. At a sample temperature of 90 K and no applied bias, a responsivity of 0.83 mA/W and detectivity of 8×1010 cm Hz1/2/W at λ=3.4 μm were measured under normal incidence infrared radiation.
Determination of the novel antiarrhythmic drug sulcardine sulfate in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a clinical pharmacokinetic study (2015)

Sulcardine sulfate (Sul), a novel antiarrhythmic agent, is currently in phase I and phase II clinical trials. To elucidate its clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics, a rapid and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Sul in human plasma. Plasma samples were precipitated by acetonitrile and isotope-labeled sulcardine was added as internal standard. The analysis was carried out on a Capcell Pak C18 MG III column (100 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile solution and water (17:83, v/v) as mobile phase. The linear range was 5.0-1000 ng/mL for Sul, with a lower limit of quantification of 5.0 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-batch CVs were within ±11.0% and the accuracies were 4.9-107.3%. Our method, for the first time, allows the rapid (only 3.0 min) and accurate quantification of Sul in human plasma. The method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of Sul in a clinical trial following oral administration of Sul to healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical investigation of a wavelength selective switch architecture based on a Bragg-grating-assisted MMIMI configuration (1999)

This letter proposes a novel photonic device configuration for multichannel wavelength selective switching. The device is based on the parallel coupled multimode interference Michelson interferometer Bragg grating principle. Mode propagation theory is used for the analysis of this device, SiO/sub 2/-Si is presently the most promising technology for realizing this kind of device.
M-service and its framework (2005)

This paper presents M-commerce issues and a framework for M-commerce. The issues include mobile devices, trust and privacy, payment system, management and security and so on. The position and the importance of each topic in M-commerce are discussed extensively. Finally, a new framework for M-commerce is proposed. The framework has three dimensions which are software technology plane, hardware plane and M-commerce application plane. The criteria of a good framework are also indicated. With these criteria, it has been demonstrated that the framework is a natural framework and easy to understand. Furthermore, all issues in M-commerce can fit into the framework very well
Spectrally coded optical data storage by metal nanoparticles (2000)

In metal nanoparticles the resonance wavelength of light-driven collective electron oscillations is determined by the particle shape. This shape dependence can be used for optical data storage by spectral coding. In this way the storage density can be increased by at least a factor of 5 compared with that for conventional optical storage principles.
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (2012)

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), also known as neuropsychiatric symptoms, represent a heterogeneous group of non-cognitive symptoms and behaviors occurring in subjects with dementia. BPSD constitute a major component of the dementia syndrome irrespective of its subtype. They are as clinically relevant as cognitive symptoms as they strongly correlate with the degree of functional and cognitive impairment. BPSD include agitation, aberrant motor behavior, anxiety, elation, irritability, depression, apathy, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations, and sleep or appetite changes. It is estimated that BPSD affect up to 90% of all dementia subjects over the course of their illness, and is independently associated with poor outcomes, including distress among patients and caregivers, long-term hospitalization, misuse of medication, and increased health care costs. Although these symptoms can be present individually it is more common that various psychopathological features co-occur simultaneously in the same patient. Thus, categorization of BPSD in clusters taking into account their natural course, prognosis, and treatment response may be useful in the clinical practice. The pathogenesis of BPSD has not been clearly delineated but it is probably the result of a complex interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors. Recent studies have emphasized the role of neurochemical, neuropathological, and genetic factors underlying the clinical manifestations of BPSD. A high degree of clinical expertise is crucial to appropriately recognize and manage the neuropsychiatric symptoms in a patient with dementia. Combination of non-pharmacological and careful use of pharmacological interventions is the recommended therapeutic for managing BPSD. Given the modest efficacy of current strategies, there is an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological targets and develop new non-pharmacological approaches to improve the adverse outcomes associated with BPSD.
Terephthalic acid solubility (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerephthalic acid solubilityJon J. Harper and Paul JanikCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 3, 439–440Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60046a031https://doi.org/10.1021/je60046a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3877Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B Lymphocyte Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Synovitis Is Independent of Ectopic Lymphoid Neogenesis (2008)

B lymphocyte autoimmunity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The local production of autoantibodies and the presence of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the rheumatoid synovium suggest that these dedicated microenvironments resembling canonical lymphoid follicles may regulate the initiation and maturation of B cell autoimmunity. In this study, we assessed experimentally the relevance of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis for B cell autoimmunity by a detailed structural, molecular, and serological analysis of seropositive and seronegative human synovitis. We demonstrate that synovial lymphoid neogenesis is a reversible process associated with inflammation which is neither restricted to nor preferentially associated with autoantibody positive rheumatic conditions. Despite the abundant expression of key chemokines and cytokines required for full differentiation toward germinal center reactions, synovial lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis only occasionally progresses toward fully differentiated follicles. In agreement with that observation, we could not detect Ag-driven clonal expansion and affinity maturation of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, ectopic lymphoid neogenesis is not directly associated with local production of anti-citrullinated protein Abs and rheumatoid factor in the rheumatoid joint. Therefore, we conclude that synovial lymphoid neogenesis is not a major determinant of these rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibody responses.
Molecular Species Analysis of Fish Oil Triglyceride by Light Scattering Mass Detector Equipped Liquid Chromatograph-I. Effect of Column Temperature on Improvement of Resolution in Separating Triglyceride Molecular Species Containing Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. (1992)

By taking advantage of the low melting point of fish oil, chilled-column reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was examined in order to obtain good resolution of triglycerioe (TG) molecular species. TGs containing high proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were synthesized by using 90% pure EPA and DHA with a bacterial lipase. Four TG molecular species thus obtained were subjected to HPLC analysis, from which the difference in retention time, theoretical plate number, and resolution of the adjacent peaks were discussed in relation to the column temperature of the system. The lower the column temperature, the better the theoretical plate number and resolution. However, they reached a maximum at around -15°C. It was concluded that low temperature, wherever it is practicable not to exceed the melting point, is the best temperature for fish oil TG molecular species analysis and fractionation
Up-Scaling of Molecular Diffusion Coefficients in Clays: A Two-Step Approach (2011)

Materials with low permeability such as clays are major components in engineered or natural barriers in waste disposal sites. Diffusion of dissolved chemicals through such materials is a relatively slow process that can strongly limit the spreading of contaminants. The macroscopic diffusive transport of chemicals through barrier materials originates from Brownian motion of molecules and ions in the solution and their interaction with the surface of the solid medium. Up-scaling these molecular phenomena to the continuum scale, which is required for large-scale and long-time predictions, is particularly challenging because the considered scales differ by orders of magnitude. To address the up-scaling problem we developed a two-step simulation approach which enables us to derive macroscopic diffusion coefficients of water and ions for continuum equations from pore scale molecular diffusion coefficients. Our starting points for the up-scaling procedure were local pore diffusion coefficients derived in molecular dynamics simulations for specific local environments, such as the interlayer or edge regions of clay particles. We then assigned these local diffusion coefficients to different types of porosity of a model clay structure and obtained the structure-averaged diffusion coefficient of the sample by random walk simulations. We demonstrated the validity of the suggested approach by comparing the results of direct molecular simulations for a stack of pyrophyllite nanoparticles with the two-step up-scaling approach. We then investigated the effects of mineralogical heterogeneities and of anion exclusion on the larger-scale diffusion coefficients for a model clay structure which resembles a typical clay material. Our up-scaling concept is general and can be used for up-scaling molecular diffusion coefficients for porous materials with almost arbitrarily complex structures.
Minimal Requirements for Exponential Growth of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (1993)

A minimal growth medium containing glucose, acetate, vitamins, and eight amino acids allowed for growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, with a specific growth rate in batch culture of mu = 0.3 h. With 19 amino acids added, the growth rate increased to mu = 0.7 h and the exponential growth phase proceeded until high cell concentrations were reached. We show that morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) is a suitable buffer for L. lactis and may be applied in high concentrations.
Sustainable Valorization of Bamboo via High-Temperature Steam Pyrolysis for Energy Production and Added Value Materials (2010)

Bamboo is an abundant plant in many Asian countries and especially in China; it has an extremely rapid growing rate, and it can be considered as a sustainable wood resource. In this paper, a comparative study of pyrolysis of bamboo in the presence of high-temperature steam and an inert atmosphere (N2) as well as characterization of products has been conducted. Evaluation of experimental results showed that faster devolatilization can be achieved in the presence of high-temperature steam. Furthermore, the gas composition indicates interaction of steam with vapors and solid species even at low temperatures. Analysis of the obtained liquid after steam pyrolysis at 797 K revealed that the H/C and O/C ratios in the liquid are 1.54 and 0.16, respectively. The characteristics of the products indicate possible exploitation of derived char as an activated carbon precursor, a reducing agent in metallurgical processes, or a solid fuel for gasification and combustion processes. The composition of the liquid fraction suggests further exploitation as a liquid fuel and/or chemical feedstock.
Experimental validation of the 'improved directivity element'-elevation plane control (2003)

The authors present experimental verification of an improved directivity element (the Corum element) for controlling the elevation plane directivity of a vertical monopole element. The results suggest that, if an image plane version of the Corum element is used to surround an existing tower, the resulting antenna will improve the sky-wave suppression in all cases, with a modest increase in ground wave. While performing an antifade engineering study for a broadcast antenna at 530 kHz, the authors decided to run a study on a typical 1 kW GWEN (ground-wave emergency network) station (300 ft tower in the 160-190 kHz band). It was found that the Corum element makes a significant improvement in useful GWEN coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Chemoattractant Role for NT-3 in Proprioceptive Axon Guidance (2004)

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is required for proprioceptive neuron survival. Deletion of the proapoptotic gene Bax in NT-3 knockout mice rescues these neurons and allows for examination of their axon growth in the absence of NT-3 signaling. TrkC-positive peripheral and central axons from dorsal root ganglia follow proper trajectories and arrive in close proximity to their targets but fail to innervate them. Peripherally, muscle spindles are absent and TrkC-positive axons do not enter their target muscles. Centrally, proprioceptive axons branch in ectopic regions of the spinal cord, even crossing the midline. In vitro assays reveal chemoattractant effects of NT-3 on dorsal root ganglion axons. Our results show that survival factor NT-3 acts as a short-distance axon guidance molecule for muscle sensory afferents as they approach their proper targets.
Radiation-Guided Gene Therapy of Cancer (2006)

Gene therapy has been proposed as a means to combat cancer. However, systemic toxicity observed in preclinical trials suggested the importance of selectively targeted delivery and inducible gene expression in tumor tissues. Discovery of radiation-inducible promoter sequences provides one way to minimize inadvertent toxicity from gene therapy in normal tissues. Radiation is administered to selectively induce cytotoxic gene expression in the targeted tumor tissues. With promising results from phase II clinical trials using TNF-expressing adenovirus, it is possible to have radiation-guided gene therapy regimes once the tumor-targeted delivery has been achieved. Tumor endothelium is an attractive biological target for gene therapy, because it has the advantage of stability, accessibility, and bioavailability for therapeutic agents. Technological development of DNA microarray, proteomic profiling, and phage-displayed libraries accelerates the identification of tumor-specific endothelial biomarkers and discovery of its relevant affinity reagents for targeted delivery. The application of radiation-guided gene delivery, its amplification, as well as expression of gene therapy presents great opportunities to be employed as an alternative cancer treatment.
RNAi‐mediated knockdown of a <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> trypsin‐like serine‐protease gene reduces susceptibility to a <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1Ca1 protoxin (2010)

SfT6 has been identified in a subtracted cDNA library of Spodoptera frugiperda larval midgut transcripts as a serine-protease gene downregulated within 24 h of intoxication with Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca1 protein. In the present study, the specific role of SfT6 during Cry1Ca1 intoxication was investigated by RT-PCR and in vivo RNA interference. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed SfT6 mRNA levels in the midgut tissue were significantly reduced after injecting or feeding 4th-instar larvae with specific long-size dsRNA. Gut juice-mediated in vitro protoxin activation and susceptibility for Cry1Ca1 were investigated in Sft6-knockdown larvae and compared with control treated with nonspecific dsRNA. Our results demonstrate SfT6 plays a determinant role in Cry1Ca1 toxicity against S. frugiperda since a decreased expression caused a reduced protoxin activation by larval gut juice and reduced susceptibility of insects to toxin in bioassays. We propose SfT6 downregulation occurring at the early stages of Cry1Ca1 intoxication is part of a complex and multifaceted defensive mechanism triggered in the insect gut to withstand B. thuringiensis pathogenesis.
Large-scale screening for novel low-affinity extracellular protein interactions (2008)

Extracellular protein-protein interactions are essential for both intercellular communication and cohesion within multicellular organisms. Approximately a fifth of human genes encode membrane-tethered or secreted proteins, but they are largely absent from recent large-scale protein interaction datasets, making current interaction networks biased and incomplete. This discrepancy is due to the unsuitability of popular high-throughput methods to detect extracellular interactions because of the biochemical intractability of membrane proteins and their interactions. For example, cell surface proteins contain insoluble hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and their extracellular interactions are often highly transient, having half-lives of less than a second. To detect transient extracellular interactions on a large scale, we developed AVEXIS (avidity-based extracellular interaction screen), a high-throughput assay that overcomes these technical issues and can detect very transient interactions (half-lives <or= 0.1 sec) with a low false-positive rate. We used it to systematically screen for receptor-ligand pairs within the zebrafish immunoglobulin superfamily and identified novel ligands for both well-known and orphan receptors. Genes encoding receptor-ligand pairs were often clustered phylogenetically and expressed in the same or adjacent tissues, immediately implying their involvement in similar biological processes. Using AVEXIS, we have determined the first systematic low-affinity extracellular protein interaction network, supported by independent biological data. This technique will now allow large-scale extracellular protein interaction mapping in a broad range of experimental contexts.