gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network caching strategies for a shared data distribution for a predefined service demand sequence (2003)

In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing the cost of transferring a document or a file requested by a set of users geographically separated on a network of nodes. We concentrate on theoretical aspects of data migration and caching on high-speed networks. Following the information caching paradigm introduced in the literature, we present polynomial time optimal caching strategies that minimize the total monetary cost of all the service requests by the users on a high-speed network. We consider a scenario in which a large pool of customers from one or more remote sites on a network demand a document, situated at some site, for their use. We also assume that the users can request the document at different time instants. This process of distributing the requested document incurs communication costs due to the use of communication resources and caching costs of the document at some server sites before it is delivered to the users at their desired time instances. We configure the network as a fully connected topology in which the service providers manage and control the distribution of the requested document among the users. For a high-speed network, we show that a single copy of the requested document is sufficient to serve all the user requests in an optimal manner. We extend the study to a homogeneous case in which the communication costs are identical and caching costs at all the sites are identical. In this case, we demonstrate the adaptability of the algorithm in generating more than one copy when needed by the minimization process. Using these strategies, the network service providers can decide when, where, and for how long the requested documents must be cached at vantage sites to obtain an optimal solution. Illustrative examples are provided to ease the understanding.
Asbestos and Cancer: Epidemiological and Public Health Controversies (1994)

This paper discusses many of the currently controversial issues surrounding asbestos health effects and their relationship to cancer risk assessment and risk management. The major conclusions reached from this analysis are: (1) All asbestos fiber types are carcinogenic and pose a threat to human health. Therefore, all fiber types should be regulated similarly. (2) The health risks associated with indoor asbestos exposure are uncertain. Available data show that some groups, such as building maintenance personnel (among others), may contract asbestos-related diseases secondary to indoor exposure. Clearly, additional research is needed to accurately determine the extent and nature of disease risk under these conditions. (3) Controlled use has proved an elusive goal. Limited information from underdeveloped countries parallels the experience of Western industrialized nations. Efforts by the Canadian government to establish markets for asbestos in these areas should be opposed. (4) Finally, asbestos-related cancer risk is no longer confined to asbestos industry workers. Asbestos-related mesothelioma has been documented in a wide variety of occupational and nonoccupational settings, highlighting the need for continued surveillance to minimize potential health risks.
An Architecture to Support Context-Aware Applications (1999)

Context is an important, yet poorly utilized source of information in interactive computing. It is difficult to use because, unlike other forms of user input, there is not common, reusable way to handle context. Most context-aware applications have been built in an ad hoc manner. We discuss the requirements for dealing with context and present an architectural solution we have designed and implemented to help application designers build context-aware applications more easily. We illustrate the use of the architecture through a context-aware application that assists conference attendees.
Home network configuration management and service assurance (2002)

With the growth in home networking driven by the growth of broadband delivery to home environments an opportunity exists for a network-based service assurance and configuration platform for multiple PC households. In the future we would expect this to include smart appliances, digital TV, Web tablets, etc. The configuration requirements become increasingly complex as broadband home network users start to appreciate the power of their connectivity and want to configure additional services such as remote corporate network access (VPN), personal Web server hosting, MP3-file sharing, and multi-player (on-line) gaming. In this paper we describe the motivation for this work, the requirements for providing a network-based home network management solution and then outline a potential solution architecture.
One Sequence, Two Ribozymes: Implications for the Emergence of New Ribozyme Folds (2000)

We describe a single RNA sequence that can assume either of two ribozyme folds and catalyze the two respective reactions. The two ribozyme folds share no evolutionary history and are completely different, with no base pairs (and probably no hydrogen bonds) in common. Minor variants of this sequence are highly active for one or the other reaction, and can be accessed from prototype ribozymes through a series of neutral mutations. Thus, in the course of evolution, new RNA folds could arise from preexisting folds, without the need to carry inactive intermediate sequences. This raises the possibility that biological RNAs having no structural or functional similarity might share a common ancestry. Furthermore, functional and structural divergence might, in some cases, precede rather than follow gene duplication.
A Malware Signature Extraction and Detection Method Applied to Mobile Networks (2007)

The rapid development of mobile phone networks has facilitated the need for better protection against malware. Malware detection is a core component of a security system protecting mobile networks. In this paper, we describe a system for detecting malware within the network traffic using malware signatures. Our system contains two key components. The first one automatically extracts a set of signatures from existing malware samples. In particular, we reduce the number of signatures by using a common signature for a malware and its variants. In addition, we minimize the total false alarm rate of malware detection by extracting signatures that are most uncommon within mobile network traffic. The second one is an efficient method that scans the network traffic using a hash table and sub-signature matching. Our evaluation on Symbian viruses show that our system detects existing malware and their new variants within the network traffic efficiently.
Fractional activation functions in feedforward artificial neural networks (2018)

Fractional calculus is an important tool for analysis, including physics, biology and artificial intelligence. For some functions, alternative fractional definitions have been developed - the exponential function, trigonometric functions, hyperbolic tangent. But for others, like the logistic sigmoid function, fractional equivalents are not yet studied. Most of the mentioned functions are used as activation functions in artificial neural networks. Using the fractional activation functions provides the networks with more tunable hyperparameters. In this paper, analysis of some fractional functions is made, and the effects of different choices of function parameter values is examined in terms of learning and precision of feed-forward artificial neral networks.
A Three-dimensional Context-awareness Model: Support Learning Services Providing in e-Learning Environments (2005)

This paper proposes a three-dimensional Context-awareness (CA) model for e-learning that involves: Awareness to Knowledge Context, Awareness to Social Context and Awareness to Technical Context. The proposed CA is promising to support learning services providing in the e-learning context, such as knowledge navigation and collaboration recommendation. This paper also discusses a CA-supported learning services providing mechanism, which is mediated by the mining of the activity contexts of learners in e-learning environments.
Parkinson’s disease and sleepiness (2002)

In patients with PD preselected for sleepiness, severity of sleepiness was not dependent on nocturnal sleep abnormalities, motor and cognitive impairment, or antiparkinsonian treatment. The results suggest that sleepiness-sudden onset of sleep-does not result from pharmacotherapy but is related to the pathology of PD.
Application of multiple regression analysis to sedimentation equilibrium data of α<sub>s1</sub>- and κ-casein interaction for calculation of molecular weight distributions (1979)

SUMMARY Multiple regression analysis was applied to sedimentation equilibrium data for determination of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of model systems consisting of up to 3 components. Negative weight fractions which were frequently encountered during multiple regression analysis were forced to zero by sequentially eliminating from the regression matrix the corresponding molecular weights in order of the magnitude of negative t -values. The simplex optimization of Morgan & Deming (1974), modified by incorporating a prohibit–range– trespassing routine, was used to search for the best fit values for weight average molecular weights and relative concentrations of the components. This method almost quantitatively reproduced the molecular weights and concentrations of the original model systems. This quantitative information supplemented the multiple regression matrix to improve the resolution of MWD. A direct comparison using model systems revealed that the multiple regression method in conjunction with the simplex optimization routine was more quantitative than the linear programming method of Scholte (1969). When applied to mixtures of standard proteins (ribonuclease A; ovalbumin; γ-globulin and ovalbumin; γ-globulin; apoferritin), the simplex optimization routine yielded values for average molecular weights and relative concentrations of the component proteins which were in good agreement with the known values in the original mixtures. The MWD of α s1 - k -casein mixtures at an ionic strength of 0.1 suggested that k -casein was readily dissociated to the monomer (or the dimer) and interacted with the monomer (or the dimer) of α s1 -casein forming a complex of approximately 400000.
School Excellence: Principals’ Perceptions (2012)

It was generally believed that the education system of Pakistan, in general, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in particular, was in shambles. Barring a few exceptions, the schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa direly needed improvement. Turning schools into Centres of Excellence required identification of factors that promoted effectiveness and excellence. The study was carried out to identify factors promoting excellence in schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population of the study included all the boys’ high Schools of Peshawar city. The sample comprised 30 principals/headmasters of boys’ high schools (26 from private sector and 4 from public sector). The tool of the study was an opinionnaire, which was fielded to principals/headmasters of both sectors. The opinionnaire contained items and statements of multi-dimensional nature. The data analysis was given both quantitative and qualitative treatment. In order to be logical and scientific in approach the analysis was further made meaningful with the application of statistical measures. The outcome of the study revealed a number of factors that could help convert a school into a centre of excellence. Keywords : Excellence, Effective, Public and private schools, Opinionnaire, Factors
Effects of Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold on Bone Regeneration with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (2013)

PM with rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced bone regeneration on the bone augmentation model in a rabbit. PM promises to be a useful alternative synthetic material as a carrier for rhBMP-2 for bone regeneration.
An Ambient Temperature Molten Sodium–Vanadium Battery with Aqueous Flowing Catholyte (2015)

In this study, we have investigated the key factors dictating the cyclic performance of a new type of hybrid sodium-based flow batteries (HNFBs) that can operate at room temperature with high cell voltages (>3 V), multiple electron transfer redox reactions per active ion, and decoupled design of power and energy. HNFBs are composed of a molten Na-Cs alloy anode, flowing aqueous catholyte, and a Na-β″-Al2O3 solid electrolyte as the separator. The surface functionalization of graphite felt electrodes for the flowing aqueous catholyte has been studied for its effectiveness in enhancing V(2+)/V(3+), V(3+)/V(4+), and V(4+)/V(5+) redox couples. The V(4+)/V(5+) redox reaction has been further investigated at different cell operation temperatures for its cyclic stability and how the properties of the solid electrolyte membrane play a role in cycling. These fundamental understandings provide guidelines for improving the cyclic performance and stability of HNFBs with aqueous catholytes. We show that the HNFB with aqueous V-ion catholyte can reach high storage capacity (∼70% of the theoretical capacity) with good Coulombic efficiency (90% ± 1% in 2-30 cycles) and cyclic performance (>99% capacity retention for 30 cycles). It demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of high capacity HNFBs with aqueous catholytes, good capacity retention and long cycling life. This is also the first demonstration that Na-β″-Al2O3 solid electrolyte can be used with aqueous electrolyte at near room temperature for more than 30 cycles.
Direct Organogenesis from Petiole and Thin Cell Layer Explants in Sugar Beet Cultured<i>In Vitro</i> (1988)

Detrez, C., Tetu, T., Sangwan, R. S. and Sangwan-Norreel, B. S., 1988. Direct organogenesis from petiole and thin cell layer explants in sugar beet cultured in vitro.—J. exp. Bot. 39: 917–926. Plant regeneration was obtained by direct bud formation from petiole as well as from thin cell layer explants taken from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants grown in vitro. The buds were mainly induced in the blade-petiole transition zone of the explants. High frequency bud regeneration was observed in petiole and thin layer explants of 10 different breeding lines of sugar beet tested. Organogenesis resulted when petiole explants excised from 8-d-old seedlings grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 3.0 mg dm−3 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 3.0 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg dm−3 2, 3, 5, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) were cultured on MS with 3.0 mg dm−3 NAA and 3.0 mg dm−3 BAP. Thin cell layer strips isolated from shoot apices cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0–9 mg dm−3 BAP or 1.0 mg dm−3 indolebutyric acid (IBA) formed adventitious buds on MS medium containing 0–5 mg dm−3 NAA + 5.0 mg dm−3 BAP. Histological studies confirmed the sub-epidermal origin of shoots.
Variable Numbers of TTC Repeats in<i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>DNA from Leprosy Patients and Use in Strain Differentiation (2000)

Strain differentiation of Mycobacterium leprae would be of great value for epidemiological investigation to identify the infectious sources of leprosy, to understand transmission patterns, and to distinguish between relapse and reinfection. From the M. leprae genome sequence database, TTC DNA repeats were identified. Primer sets designed to amplify the region flanking TTC repeats revealed PCR products of different sizes, indicating that the number of repeats at each locus may be variable among M. leprae strains. The TTC repeats were not found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium marinum, or human tissues, which indicated their specificity to M. leprae. Sequence analysis of the TTC repeat region in each of the M. leprae strains showed a variation of 10 to 37 repeats. In the M. leprae strains of 34 multibacillary patients at Cebu, Philippines, M. leprae with 24 and 25 TTC repeats was most common, and this was followed by strains with 14, 15, 20, 21, and 28 repeats. This study thus indicates that there are variable numbers of TTC repeats in a noncoding region of M. leprae strains and that the TTC region may be useful for strain differentiation for epidemiological investigations of leprosy.
Multilayer Spectral Graph Clustering via Convex Layer Aggregation: Theory and Algorithms (2017)

Multilayer graphs are commonly used for representing different relations between entities and handling heterogeneous data processing tasks. Nonstandard multilayer graph clustering methods are needed for assigning clusters to a common multilayer node set and for combining information from each layer. This paper presents a multilayer spectral graph clustering (SGC) framework that performs convex layer aggregation. Under a multilayer signal-plus-noise model, we provide a phase transition analysis of clustering reliability. Moreover, we use the phase transition criterion to propose a multilayer iterative model order selection algorithm (MIMOSA) for multilayer SGC, which features automated cluster assignment and layer weight adaptation, and provides statistical clustering reliability guarantees. Numerical simulations on synthetic multilayer graphs verify the phase transition analysis, and experiments on real-world multilayer graphs show that MIMOSA is competitive or better than other clustering methods.
Photocatalyst activation by intrinsic stimulation in TiO2–BaTiO3 (2012)

We report a nanoparticulate composite TiO2–BaTiO3 film which exhibits an increased antibacterial photocatalytic activity under visible light. The pure BaTiO3, TiO2 or their mixture do not attain a significant photocatalytic capacity under visible light. However, when these oxides are simultaneously synthesized under controlled conditions the resulting crystals exhibit a high catalytic effect. The effect of this material on microorganism lysis is studied and the mechanisms for the observed damage are investigated. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides the evidence of chemical changes (formation of carbonyl and carboxylic groups) in the cell membranes under visible light by TiO2–BaTiO3 but not by TiO2. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that peroxidation occurs in the absence of UV light and in the presence of TiO2–BaTiO3 but not in the presence of TiO2 alone. Atomic force microscopy reveals the morphological changes of the cells in this process.
Ferromagnetic moments in metastable magnetic films by spin-polarized<i>–</i>neutron reflection (1987)

We have used near-critical-angle reflection of polarized neutrons to probe for ferromagnetism in fcc Fe and Co epitaxial films (7 to 20 A\r{} thick). fcc Co on Cu(001) exhibits a strong ferromagnetic response with a magnetic moment per atom \ensuremath{\mu}=(1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}.25)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathrm{B}}$. fcc Fe epitaxied to Cu(001) and Rh(001) shows no in-plane ferromagnetism in contrast to a polycrystalline bcc Fe film of similar thickness. The results are compared with the calculated magnitudes of local moments in these metastable magnetic phases.
Studies on preparation, popping and functional properties of bulgur wheat (1994)

Abstract Wheat was steeped to 36% moisture and agitated for 2 min in sand heated to 170 °C. This dry heat bulgur was comparable to bulgur prepared by steam treatment. The dry heat bulgur of 14% moisture content was popped in hot (230 °C) sand medium. The expansion ratio of popped bulgur was 2.1. Some of the functional properties of popped bulgur flour were compared with native, 48 h malted and roller dried wheat flours. Water absorption index was highest for roller dried followed by popped and malted wheat, whereas water solubility index was highest for malted followed by roller dried and popped wheat. Roller dried wheat exhibited higher cold paste viscosity (360 BU) than popped (30 BU) wheat. Popped wheat had a peak viscosity of 300 BU. The viscogram of malted wheat was typical of cereal flours when the enzyme activity of malt was inhibited. The gel permeation chromatograms of popped and roller dried wheat indicated thermal degradation of starch during popping and roller drying. The in vitro carbohydrate digestibility of popped wheat was higher than roller dried and malted samples. The scanning electron microscopic examination of native and popped bulgur revealed that the endosperm of bulgur wheat was a homogenous mass containing gelatinized starch whereas that of popped bulgur was made up of thin layers of popped starch with irregular air spaces.
Calculations of band diagrams and low frequency dispersion relations of 2D periodic dielectric scatterers using broadband Green’s function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) (2016)

The broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) is applied to the calculations of band diagrams of two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures with dielectric scatterers. Periodic Green's functions of both the background and the scatterers are used to formulate the dual surface integral equations by approaching the surface of the scatterer from outside and inside the scatterer. The BBGFL are applied to both periodic Green's functions. By subtracting a low wavenumber component of the periodic Green's functions, the broadband part of the Green's functions converge with a small number of Bloch waves. The method of Moment (MoM) is applied to convert the surface integral equations to a matrix eigenvalue problem. Using the BBGFL, a linear eigenvalue problem is obtained with all the eigenmodes computed simultaneously giving the multiband results at a point in the Brillouin zone Numerical results are illustrated for the honeycomb structure. The results of the band diagrams are in good agreement with the planewave method and the Korringa Kohn Rostoker (KKR) method. By using the lowest band around the Γ point, the low frequency dispersion relations are calculated which also give the effective propagation constants and the effective permittivity in the low frequency limit.
Dendrimere, Arborole und Kaskadenmoleküle: Aufbruch zu neuen Materialien im Generationentakt (1992)

Verbindungen mit stark verzweigter Molekülstruktur wie 1 , die sich in iterativen Synthesesequenzen herstellen las sen, gewinnen zunehmend Interesse in vielen Bereichen der Chemie. 1 hat 36 Carboxygruppen an der Peripherie und läßt sch als unimolekulare Micelle betrachten. Neuerdings wurden auch von Balzani et al. ( angew. Vhem . 1992 , 104, 1540 ) Dendrimere auf koordinationschemischer Basis dargestellt, in denen bis zu 22 Metallzentren pro Molekül enthalten sind. magnified image
Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation After Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer (2005)

Reitsamer, Roland MD; Peintinger, Florentia MD; Sedlmayer, Felix MD; Kopp, Michael MD; Cimpoca, Walter MD; Menzel, Christian MD Author Information
VR Collide! Comparing Collision-Avoidance Methods Between Co-located Virtual Reality Users (2017)

We present a pilot study comparing visual feedback mechanisms for preventing physical collisions between co-located VR users. These include Avatar (a 3D avatar in co-located with the other user), BoundingBox (similar to HTC's "chaperone"), and CameraOverlay (live video feed overlaid on the virtual environment). Using a simulated second user, we found that CameraOverlay and Avatar had the fastest travel time around an obstacle, but BoundingBox had the fewest collisions at 0.07 collision/trial versus 0.2 collisions/trial for Avatar and 0.4 collisions/trial for CameraOverlay. However, subjective participant impressions strongly favoured Avatar and CameraOverlay over BoundingBox. Based on these results, we propose future studies on hybrid methods combining the best aspects of Avatar (speed, user preference) and BoundingBox (safety).