gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible disruption of BCL6 repression complexes by CD40 signaling in normal and malignant B cells (2008)

Germinal center (GC) B cells undergo somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination, and rapid clonal expansion to produce high-affinity antibodies. The BCL6 transcriptional repressor facilitates this phenotype because it can repress DNA damage checkpoint genes. GC B and T cells can make transient direct physical contact; T cells were observed to be associated with dead B-cell fragments. We thus hypothesized that one function of CD40 signaling from T cells within this timeframe could be to modulate BCL6 activity. CD40 signaling rapidly disrupts the ability of BCL6 to recruit the SMRT corepressor complex by excluding it from the nucleus, leading to histone acetylation, RNA polymerase II processivity, and activation of BCL6 target genes, such as CD23b, ATR, and TP53. Washout of CD40 to emulate transient T-cell contact permitted BCL6 target gene mRNA levels to return to their repressed levels, demonstrating that this is a reversible process, which could allow centroblasts that pass quality control to either continue proliferation or undergo terminal differentiation. These data suggest that transient CD40 signaling in the GC might allow T cells to weed out heavily damaged centroblasts while at the same time promoting survival of intact B cells, which could undergo differentiation or additional rounds of proliferation.
Neuroprotective Function of the PGE<sub>2</sub>EP2 Receptor in Cerebral Ischemia (2004)

The cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the first committed step of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Previous studies in rodent stroke models have shown that the inducible COX-2 isoform promotes neuronal injury, and the administration of COX-2 inhibitors reduces infarct volume. We investigated the function of PGE2, a principal prostaglandin product of COX-2 enzymatic activity, in neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia. PGE2 exerts its downstream effects by signaling through a class of four distinct G-protein-coupled EP receptors (for E-prostanoid: EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) that have divergent effects on cAMP and phosphoinositol turnover and different anatomical distributions in brain. The EP2 receptor subtype is abundantly expressed in cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, and is positively coupled to cAMP production. In vitro studies of dispersed neurons and organotypic hippocampal cultures demonstrated that activation of the EP2 receptor was neuroprotective in paradigms of NMDA toxicity and oxygen glucose deprivation. Pharmacologic blockade of EP2 signaling by inhibition of protein kinase A activation reversed this protective effect, suggesting that EP2-mediated neuroprotection is dependent on cAMP signaling. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model of transient forebrain ischemia, genetic deletion of the EP2 receptor significantly increased cerebral infarction in cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. These studies indicate that activation of the PGE2 EP2 receptor can protect against excitotoxic and anoxic injury in a cAMP-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest a novel mechanism of neuroprotection mediated by a dominant PGE2 receptor subtype in brain that may provide a target for therapeutic intervention.
Phase transfer catalysis. Part II: Synthetic applications (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase transfer catalysis. Part II: Synthetic applicationsGeorge W. Gokel and William P. Weber Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 7, 429Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1978Published inissue 1 July 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ed055p429RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Simple Algorithm for Image Denoising Based on MS Segmentation (2010)

Image Denoising & Segmentation are the key issues in all image processing researchers. The first step in image processing is segmentation. This can be done by using MS (Mean Shift) segmentation. After segmentation the image, the overall system quality can be improved by using the bilateral filter. The proposed method improves the bilateral filter through decomposing a signal into its frequency components. In this way, noise in different frequency component can be eliminated. Experimental results shown that our algorithm outperforms the other algorithms.
Direct imaging of current paths in multiwalled carbon nanofiber polymer nanocomposites using conducting-tip atomic force microscopy (2008)

Using conducting-tip atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), we study the spatial distribution of current paths and local electrical properties in carbon nanofiber/polymer nanocomposites. Previous studies of similar systems were hindered by a polymer-rich skin layer that exists at the nanocomposite surfaces. We present an experimental technique using oxygen plasma etching to controllably remove this polymer skin layer. After this treatment, we can directly probe the microscopic transport characteristics of the nanocomposite using C-AFM. The C-AFM results show that the electrical transport is solely carried by the carbon nanofiber (CNF) networks in the nanocomposites. In addition, high-resolution C-AFM maps show nonuniform distribution of current along the length of some CNFs, suggesting the presence of a heterogeneously distributed adsorbed polymer layer around nanofibers. Finally, two probe conductivity measurements in which one electrode (the C-AFM tip) is contacting a single constituent conducting particle were performed to study local conductivity. Results indicate that Ohmic pathways exist in the conducting network of the nanocomposite to the lowest measured nanofiber concentrations. However, non-Ohmic behavior indicating tunneling transport may also be present, especially near the percolation threshold.
Seroprevalence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Kobe, Japan (2020)

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been affecting many people on earth and our society. Japan is known to have relatively less number of infections as well as deaths among developed nations. However, accurate prevalence of COVID-19 in Japan remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibody using 1,000 samples from patients at outpatient settings who visited the clinic from March 31 to April 7, 2020, stratified by the decade of age and sex. Results There were 33 positive IgG among 1,000 serum samples (3.3%, 95%CI: 2.3-4.6%). By applying this figure to the census of Kobe City (population: 1,518,870), it is estimated that the number of people with positive IgG be 50,123 (95%CI: 34,934-69,868). Age and sex adjusted prevalence of positivity was calculated 2.7% (95%CI: 1.8-3.9%), and the estimated number of people with positive IgG was 40,999 (95%CI: 27,333-59,221). These numbers were 396 to 858 fold more than confirmed cases with PCR testing in Kobe City. Conclusions Our cross-sectional serological study suggests that the number of people with seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kobe, Japan is far more than the confirmed cases by PCR testing.
Two and a half years of country-wide rainfall maps using radio links from commercial cellular telecommunication networks (2016)

Although rainfall estimation employing microwave links from cellular telecommunication networks is recognized as a new promising measurement technique, its potential for long-term large-scale operational rainfall monitoring remains to be demonstrated. This study contributes to this endeavor by deriving a continuous series of rainfall maps from a large 2.5 year microwave link data set of, on average, 3383 links (2044 link paths) covering Netherlands (∼3.5 × 104 km2), a midlatitude country (∼5°E, ∼52°N) with a temperate climate. Maps are extensively verified against an independent gauge-adjusted radar rainfall data set for different temporal (15 min, 1 h, 1 day, 1 month) and spatial (0.9, 74 km2) scales. The usefulness of different steps in the rainfall retrieval algorithm, i.e., a wet-dry classification method and a filter to remove outliers, is systematically assessed. A novel dew filter is developed to correct for dew-induced wet antenna attenuation, which, although a relative underestimation of 6% to 9% is found, generally yields good results. The microwave link rainfall estimation technique performs well for the summer months (June, July, August), even outperforming interpolation of automatic rain gauge data (with a density of ∼1 gauge per 1000 km2), but large deviations are found for the winter months (December, January, February). These deviations are generally expected to be related to frozen or melting precipitation. Hence, our results show the potential of commercial microwave links for long-term large-scale operational rainfall monitoring.
Risk of prostate carcinoma death in patients with lymph node metastasis (2001)

Patients with prostate carcinoma who have multiple regional lymph node metastases had increased risk of death from disease, whereas patients with single lymph node involvement appeared to have a more favorable prognosis after radical prostatectomy and immediate adjuvant hormonal therapy. Excellent local disease control was achieved by using combined surgery and adjuvant hormonal therapy in patients with positive lymph nodes.
Introduction à la première partie (2012)

Cette première partie regroupe des études qui visent à montrer, dans le quotidien des habitants, les modalités d’investissement ordinaire de l’espace. Cette expression recouvre une grande diversité de situations. Y. Le Caro présente le cas d’une pratique ordinaire, la promenade, dans le contexte de Villejean, un quartier rennais où cette question n’est pas constituée en enjeu public. L’accès à la campagne proche y est même étonnamment absent des politiques urbaines et des motivations associat...
Transforming growth factor‐β1 rapidly activates phosphorylase in a calcium‐dependent manner in rat hepatocytes (1992)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) rapidly activated phosphorylase in isolated rat hepatocytes (half-maximal rate of activation with approximately 0.1 ng/ml). Removal of Ca2+ from the external medium just before TGF-beta 1 addition markedly attenuated phosphorylase activation. TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/ml) produced a small increase in [Ca2+]i (approximately 10% increase after 30 s), which appears sufficient to account for phosphorylase activation. These observations indicate that activation of the TGF-beta 1 signal transduction system in hepatocytes is linked with a small increase in [Ca2+]i, and external Ca2+ may contribute in part to this increase.
Monodisperse Giant Porphyrin Arrays (2001)

Our synthetic attempts for the preparation oligo- and polyporphyrin arrays were reviewed in comparison with recent accomplishment in the related field. Especially, the synthesis and structural characteristics of huge monodisperse meso-meso linked porphyrin arrays with multidimensional architectures were focused. The AgI-promoted meso-meso coupling reaction of 5,15-diaryl and 5,10,15-triaryl ZnII-porphyrins is advantageous in light of its high regioselectivity, as well as its easy extension to large porphyrin arrays. When applied to 1,4-phenylene-bridged linear porphyrin substrates, the coupling reaction gave three-dimensionally arranged windmill-shaped and grid-shaped porphyrin arrays. The meso-meso coupling doubling reaction was repeated up to the synthesis of a discrete 128-mer. During these attempts, many porphyrin arrays were isolated in a discrete form by repetitive gel-permeation chromatography and, interestingly, all the arrays exhibited high solubility in common organic solvents in spite of their giant molecular size. Furthermore, the AgI-promoted coupling reaction was extended to the preparation of long polyporphyrinylenes under slightly modified conditions by either adding N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or heating slightly.
Effects of Two Types of Pillows on Bilateral Sternocleidomastoid EMG Activity in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Myogenic Cranio-Cervical-Mandibular Dysfunction (1999)

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of two types of pillows on bilateral electromyographic (EMG) activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The study was performed on 15 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical mandibular dysfunction (CMD) and 15 healthy subjects. EMG recordings at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing surface electrodes on the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles. EMG activity was recorded in the supine position and in the lateral decubitus position (according to each individual's normal resting habit), with their eyes closed and with the head supported by means of: 1. a Sleep Easy Pillow (Interwood Marketing Groups, Concord, Ontario, Canada) and 2. a Standard Pillow (INDUVET). In the lateral decubitus position a significantly higher contralateral than ipsilateral EMG activity at rest in the sternocleidomastoid muscles was observed with both types of pillows in all the sample studied (ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple-Range Test). Asymmetrical bilateral EMG activity in the lateral decubitus position with both types of pillows in healthy subjects and in patients with myogenic CMD, suggests that if this body posture is prolonged, it could be important in the genesis of sternocleidomastoid hyperactivity.
A parallel architecture for adaptive frequency-domain Volterra filtering (2002)

A parallel-serial implementation for an adaptive nonlinear Volterra filter, which exploits the symmetric properties of kernels in the frequency domain, is presented. The realization is based on the successive generation of the m-th order frequency domain of the kernel definition in terms of lower order domains. An efficient implementation structure of the frequency-domain adaptive filters is presented using a specific array of identical processor elements. A great degree of modularity and regularity ensures suitability of the proposed architecture for fast implementation using VLSI technologies.
Shape sensing by vision-based tactile sensor for dexterous handling of robot hands (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate the shape and irregularity of objects by the vision-based tactile sensor, which is consist of a CCD camera, LED lights, transparent acrylic plate, and the touch pad which consists of the elastic membrane of silicon rubber and the translucent red water filling inside of the membrane. Intensities of red, green and blue bands of the lights are focused to estimate the shape of the object and the irregularity of the object surface. The LED light traveling in the translucent touch pad is scattered and absorbed by the particles of the red pigment which fill the inside of the touch pad. The depth of the pad is estimated by using the intensity of the light obtained from the red-green-blue (RGB) values in the image, in consideration of the scattering and reflection effects. The intensity of traveling light decays depending on the depth of the pad, the reflection coefficient to the membrane of the pad surface, the scattering coefficient of the pigment particle, and so on. The reflection and scattering coefficients that are considered very hard to obtain, are decoupled in the proposed formulation, and the intensity of traveling light is represented with the function of the geometrical parameters of the pad surface. In order to decrease the approximation error caused by unmodeled factors, the compensation is made by using the function of the shape of the membrane. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed through the experimental results. The shape sensing method is developed for dexterous handling by robot hands.
Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus, has recently spread explosively through the Western hemisphere. In addition to symptoms including fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, ZIKV infection of pregnant women can cause microcephaly and other developmental abnormalities in the fetus. We report herein the results of ZIKV infection of adult rhesus macaques. Following subcutaneous infection, animals developed transient plasma viremia and viruria from 1-7 days post infection (dpi) that was accompanied by the development of a rash, fever and conjunctivitis. Animals produced a robust adaptive immune response to ZIKV, although systemic cytokine response was minimal. At 7 dpi, virus was detected in peripheral nervous tissue, multiple lymphoid tissues, joints, and the uterus of the necropsied animals. Notably, viral RNA persisted in neuronal, lymphoid and joint/muscle tissues and the male and female reproductive tissues through 28 to 35 dpi. The tropism and persistence of ZIKV in the peripheral nerves and reproductive tract may provide a mechanism of subsequent neuropathogenesis and sexual transmission.
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic copolymer of linear poly(ethylene oxide) linked with [poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] using sequential controlled polymerization (2005)

Abstract A well‐defined amphiphilic copolymer of ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) linked with comb‐shaped [poly(styrene‐ co ‐2‐hydeoxyethyl methacrylate)‐ graft ‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)] (PEO‐ b ‐P(St‐ co ‐HEMA)‐ g ‐PCL) was successfully synthesized by combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) with ring‐opening anionic polymerization and coordination–insertion ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The α‐methoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (mPEO) with ω,3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanylpropionic acid (BSPA) end group (mPEO‐BSPA) was prepared by the reaction of mPEO with 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsufanyl propionic acid chloride (BSPAC), and the reaction efficiency was close to 100%; then the mPEO‐BSPA was used as a macro‐RAFT agent for the copolymerization of styrene (St) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) using 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The molecular weight of copolymer PEO‐ b ‐P(St‐ co ‐HEMA) increased with the monomer conversion, but the molecular weight distribution was a little wide. The influence of molecular weight of macro‐RAFT agent on the polymerization procedure was discussed. The ROP of ε‐caprolactone was then completed by initiation of hydroxyl groups of the PEO‐ b ‐P(St‐ co ‐HEMA) precursors in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ). Thus, the amphiphilic copolymer of linear PEO linked with comb‐like P(St‐ co ‐HEMA)‐ g ‐PCL was obtained. The final and intermediate products were characterized in detail by NMR, GPC, and UV. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 467–476, 2006
Increasing the thermostability of the neutral proteinase of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> by improvement of internal hydrogen-bonding (1992)

In an attempt to increase the thermostability of the neutral proteinase of Bacillus stearothermophilus the buried Ala-170 was replaced by serine. Molecular-dynamics simulations showed that Ser-170 stabilizes the enzyme by formation of an internal hydrogen bond. In addition, the hydroxy group of Ser-170 could contribute to stability by filling an internal cavity. After the introduction of the mutation, using site-directed-mutagenesis techniques, an increase in stability of 0.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C was obtained.
Immune correlates of protection against influenza in the human challenge model. (2003)

Intranasal administration of laboratory passaged wild-type influenza viruses to adults induces a mild upper respiratory illness accompanied by nasopharyngeal shedding of virus. A second model has used inoculation of children with attenuated viruses as a surrogate for wild-type infection. Generally, results of studies of antiviral or vaccine approaches in the challenge model have been predictive of efficacy in the real world, but it is recognized that the model does not reproduce naturally acquired illness well and both viral shedding and symptoms in the challenge model are mostly restricted to the upper respiratory tract. Serum antibody plays a major role in protection in this model and it is difficult to infect adults who have serum HI titres of > 1:8. Among adults with lower levels of HI antibody, a variety of protective factors have been described, including nasal IgA and serum NI antibody, and CTL. In some challenge studies, subjects have been protected despite lack of a measurable immune response to vaccination. Because measurement of mucosal antibody has been difficult to standardize, there is not a level that can be considered a cut-off for susceptibility. Use of a consistent method for assessing mucosal IgA between studies may help to derive a target level for vaccination.
Mapping Hydraulic Conductivity: Sequential Conditioning with Measurements of Solute Arrival Time, Hydraulic Head, and Local Conductivity (1995)

We present a method for estimating the spatial pattern of aquifer hydraulic conductivity from three types of measurements: solute arrival time quantiles, hydraulic heads, and direct local measurements. Results indicate that arrival times and heads provide different, but complementary, information about the large features of the conductivity field which serve as flow paths and barriers. We compare the information provided by head and arrival time measurements by plotting the correlation between measurement and conductivity over the entire domain. We also compare the value of head and arrival time data by estimating the conductivity with only one type of data, and by incorporating the different data types into the estimation procedure in different sequences. Using quantiles of arrival time, rather than concentrations, has three advantages: (1) Arrival times are independent of the amount of dilute solute introduced into the aquifer. (2) Under some conditions, by measuring the median arrival time, the accuracy of the conductivity field estimate is not degraded by poor knowledge of the local dispersivity. (3) The estimation procedure is greatly simplified by relying on a single quantile to represent the critical information contained in a breakthrough curve that is constructed from many concentration measurements. For the case examined here, incorporating arrival time quantiles that describe the tails of the breakthrough curves did not significantly improve our estimate of the conductivity field.