gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Thiamine Alkyl Disulfides (1954)

S-Alkylthiocysteines were obtained by the reaction of ethyl and allyl benzenethiosulfonates with cysteine in hydrated alcoholic solution. By a similar method, several thiamine alkyl disulfides, 2-[2′-methyl-4′-aminopyrimidyl-(5)]-methyl-5-hydroxy-Δ2-pentenyl-(3) allyl disulfides, were also prepared.
Effects of adjuvants on porcine circovirus type 2-associated lesions (2006)

Objective: To determine if adjuvants differ in their ability to trigger lesions associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Methods: Ninety pigs randomly assigned to five groups were vaccinated intramuscularly at 4 and 6 weeks of age with 2 mL of a commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) vaccine with oil-in-water adjuvant (Group 1), a commercial M hyo vaccine with an aqueous-carbopol adjuvant (Group 2), an experimentally produced M hyo vaccine with an oil-in-water adjuvant (Group 3), or an experimentally produced M hyo vaccine with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Group 4), or were sham-vaccinated with saline (Group 5). All pigs were inoculated intranasally at 6 weeks of age with PCV2 (Day 0). Half of the pigs were necropsied at Day 21 and the remaining pigs at Day 35. Results: No clinical disease was observed in any pigs during this study. At Day 21, lymphoid depletion was more severe in all M hyo-vaccinated pigs than in the saline-treated pigs (P < .05). At Day 35, greater amounts of PCV2 DNA were found in serum, more severe lymphoid lesions were observed, and more PCV2 antigen was detected in lymphoid tissues in Groups 1 and 3 (oil-in-water adjuvant) compared to Groups 2, 4, and 5 (P < .05). Implications: Under the conditions of this study, oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines are more likely to enhance PCV2-associated lesions than aqueous-carbopol or aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines. Practitioners must weigh benefits and efficacy of vaccines intended to control coinfections against the potential negative effect certain vaccines may have on PCV2 replication.
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (2007)

MMCTS brings online training for cardio-thoracic surgeons to an entirely new level with step-by-step video demonstrations of surgical procedures, supported by succinct text and clear graphics. It is published as a free service by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl (2013)

Retinal detachment (RD) describes a separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The RPE is essential for normal function of the light sensitive neurons, the photoreceptors. Detachment of the retina from the RPE creates a physical gap that is filled with extracellular fluid. RD initiates cellular and molecular adverse events that affect both the neurosensory retina and the RPE since the physiological exchange of ions and metabolites is severely perturbed. The consequence for vision is related to the duration of the detachment since a rapid reapposition of the two tissues results in the restoration of vision (1). The treatment of RD is exclusively surgical. Removal of vitreous gel (vitrectomy) is followed by the removal non essential part of the retina around the detached area to favor retinal detachment. The removed retinal specimens are res nullius (nothing) and consequently normally discarded. To recover RNA from these surgical specimens, we developed the procedure jouRNAl that allows RNA conservation during the transfer from the surgical block to the laboratory. We also standardized a protocol to purify RNA by cesium chloride ultracentrifugation to assure that the purified RNAs are suitable for global gene expression analysis. The quality of the RNA was validated both by RT-PCR and microarray analysis. Analysis of the data shows a simultaneous involvement of inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration during RD.
Improved production of biohydrogen in light-powered Escherichia coli by co-expression of proteorhodopsin and heterologous hydrogenase (2012)

Here, we report for the first time the potential application of proteorhodopsin for the production of biohydrogen, a promising alternative fuel. We showed that H(2) production was enhanced by the co-expression of proteorhodopsin and [NiFe]-hydrogenase in recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) in a light intensity-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that E. coli can be applied as light-powered cell factories for biohydrogen production by introducing proteorhodopsin.
Gamma-synuclein as a marker of retinal ganglion cells. (2008)

gamma-Synuclein is selectively and abundantly expressed in human RGCs in vivo, primary rat RGCs in vitro, and immortalized RGC-5 cells. In pathology, gamma-synuclein abundance may vary between RGC somas and axons. Coincident Brn-3a and gamma-synuclein expression suggests that strong gamma-synuclein expression can be considered a marker of RGCs. Future translational approaches might include using a gamma-synuclein promoter for the specific delivery of siRNA or therapeutic proteins to RGCs.
Activation of recF-dependent recombination in Escherichia coli by bacteriophage lambda- and P22-encoded functions (1988)

Escherichia coli strains bearing wild-type and mutant alleles of various recombination genes, as well as plasmids that express recombination-related genes of bacteriophages lambda and P22, were tested for their proficiency as recipients in Hfr-mediated conjugation. It was found that the homologous recombination systems of both phages could promote recombination in a recB recC mutant host. In addition, the Abc function of P22, but not the Gam function of lambda, was found to inhibit recombination in a wild-type host; however, both Abc and Gam inhibited recombination in a recF mutant host. These observations are interpreted as indicating that the recombination systems of both phages, as well as the RecBCD-modulating functions Abc and Gam, all activate the RecF recombination pathway of E. coli.
Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging (2013)

This is the second edition of the established guide to close-range photogrammetry which uses accurate imaging techniques to analyse the three-dimensional shape of a wide range of manufactured and natural objects. After more than 20 years of use, close-range photogrammetry, now for the most part entirely digital, has become an accepted, powerful and readily available technique for engineers, scientists and others who wish to utilise images to make accurate 3D measurements of complex objects. Here they will find the photogrammetric fundamentals, details of system hardware and software, and broad range of real-world applications in order to achieve this. Following the introduction, the book provides fundamental mathematics covering subjects such as image orientation, digital imaging processing and 3D reconstruction methods, as well as a discussion of imaging technology, including targeting and illumination, and its implementation in hardware and software. It concludes with an overview of photogrammetric solutions for typical applications in engineering, manufacturing, medical science, architecture, archaeology and other fields.
Blocking method for RSA cryptosystem without expanding cipher length (1989)

A blocking method for the RSA cryptosystem is presented. It causes no expansion in block size by encipherment. The heart of the proposed method is the encryption function which involves two RSA encryptions interleaved with a domain interchanging function. This method enables easy adoption of the RSA cryptosystem to already established systems. Moreover, this method is a simple solution to the reblocking problem.
On Convergence and Stability of GANs (2017)

We propose studying GAN training dynamics as regret minimization, which is in contrast to the popular view that there is consistent minimization of a divergence between real and generated distributions. We analyze the convergence of GAN training from this new point of view to understand why mode collapse happens. We hypothesize the existence of undesirable local equilibria in this non-convex game to be responsible for mode collapse. We observe that these local equilibria often exhibit sharp gradients of the discriminator function around some real data points. We demonstrate that these degenerate local equilibria can be avoided with a gradient penalty scheme called DRAGAN. We show that DRAGAN enables faster training, achieves improved stability with fewer mode collapses, and leads to generator networks with better modeling performance across a variety of architectures and objective functions.
Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry (2000)

Discrete and temporarily stable natural reflectors or permanent scatterers (PS) can be identified from long temporal series of interferometric SAR images even with baselines larger than the so-called critical baseline. This subset of image pixels can be exploited successfully for high accuracy differential measurements. The authors discuss the use of PS in urban areas, like Pomona, CA, showing subsidence and absidence effects. A new approach to the estimation of the atmospheric phase contributions, and the local displacement field is proposed based on simple statistical assumptions. New solutions are presented in order to cope with nonlinear motion of the targets.
Interactions between Light and the Circadian Clock in the Regulation of CAT2 Expression in Arabidopsis (1994)

In Arabidopsis seedlings germinated and grown in continuous light, CAT2 mRNA abundance peaks 1 d after imbibition, consistent with the role of catalase in detoxifying H2O2 generated during the [beta]-oxidation of fatty acids stored in the seed. A second peak of CAT2 mRNA abundance, of lower amplitude than the initial peak, appears 6 d after imbibition and may be associated with the development of photosynthetic competence and induction of photorespiration. This second peak in steady-state CAT2 mRNA abundance is regulated by light and is not seen in etiolated seedlings. CAT2 mRNA accumulation is induced by exposure to high-fluence blue or far-red light but not by red light. In addition, light induction is unaffected by several mutations that block blue light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation (blu1, blu2, blu3, hy4), suggesting phytochrome involvement. When etiolated seedlings are transferred to continuous white light, CAT2 mRNA rapidly (within 30 min) accumulates. It is interesting that in these seedlings CAT2 mRNA abundance undergoes pronounced oscillations with a circadian (24 h) periodicity, indicating control by the endogenous circadian clock. No such oscillations are detected in CAT2 mRNA abundance in etiolated seedlings prior to illumination. Control of CAT2 expression by the circadian clock is also seen in 5-week-old plants grown in a light-dark cycle and transferred either to continuous dark or to continuous light; in continuous light the circadian oscillations in CAT2 mRNA abundance persist for at least five circadian cycles, indicating the robustness of this circadian rhythm.
Non-invasive evaluation of arterial abnormalities in hypertensive patients (1997)

It is important to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular risk-reduction measures on the arterial wall. Large therapeutic trials are necessary to show whether an evaluation of arterial abnormalities can identify patients with a high cardiovascular risk and contribute to their treatment and prognostic improvement.
Synthesis and biological activity of galanthamine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (1991)

The syntheses of several ester and carbamate derivatives of galanthamine are described. These compounds are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inhibition of cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by these drug candidates with different side chains was investigated. Side chain length as well as branching affected the AChE inhibitory activity. Esters were generally less effective than carbamates.
Ética Cotidiana (2020)

El presente trabajo nos lleva a la reflexión sobre la ética cotidiana en el ejercicio de la profesión por lo que es importante elaborar propuestas que permita preservar, en las personas, la dignidad humana y los derechos humanos. La ética del Nutricionista-Dietista, implica tener en cuenta alternativas para que los comportamientos, las costumbres y los valores morales cambien cuando la situación lo amerite, cuidar a una persona es complicado, sobre todo cuando esta se encuentra en estado vulnerable, por lo que se debe adoptar una posición de humanidad y de responsabilidad buscando como prioridad el bien de las personas a quienes se atienden.
Approaches to management of fungal infections in cancer patients. (1992)

The patient most susceptible to invasive aspergillosis has had prolonged granulocytopenia resulting from intensive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, aplastic anemia, or acute leukemia. The sinuses and lungs are usually involved, but the infection may disseminate to the endocardium, skin, CNS, and eye. Efficacy of antifungal treatment with amphotericin B depends on early recognition and aggressive intervention. In severe or refractory cases, addition of flucytosine, rifampin, or fluconazole may be beneficial. The most ominous presentation of zygomycosis involves sinus and orbital destruction and necrosis. However, pulmonary involvement is the most common manifestation in cancer patients. Infections with Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium species, and Trichosporon beigelii are increasingly being recognized in cancer patients, as are Malassezia furfur and invasive mycoses from dematiaceous molds.
Exercise and asthma: an overview (2015)

The terms 'exercise-induced asthma' (EIA) and 'exercise-induced bronchoconstriction' (EIB) are often used interchangeably to describe symptoms of asthma such as cough, wheeze, or dyspnoea provoked by vigorous physical activity. In this review, we refer to EIB as the bronchoconstrictive response and to EIA when bronchoconstriction is associated with asthma symptoms. EIB is a common occurrence for most of the asthmatic patients, but it also affects more than 10% of otherwise healthy individuals as shown by epidemiological studies. EIA and EIB have a high prevalence also in elite athletes, especially within endurance type of sports, and an athlete's asthma phenotype has been described. However, the occurrence in elite athletes shows that EIA/EIB, if correctly managed, may not impair physical activity and top sports performance. The pathogenic mechanisms of EIA/EIB classically involve both osmolar and vascular changes in the airways in addition to cooling of the airways with parasympathetic stimulation. Airways inflammation plays a fundamental role in EIA/EIB. Diagnosis and pharmacological management must be carefully performed, with particular consideration of current anti-doping regulations, when caring for athletes. Based on the demonstration that the inhaled asthma drugs do not improve performance in healthy athletes, the doping regulations are presently much less strict than previously. Some sports are at a higher asthma risk than others, probably due to a high environmental exposure while performing the sport, with swimming and chlorine exposure during swimming as one example. It is considered very important for the asthmatic child and adolescent to master EIA/EIB to be able to participate in physical activity on an equal level with their peers, and a precise early diagnosis with optimal treatment follow-up is vital in this aspect. In addition, surprising recent preliminary evidences offer new perspectives for moderate exercise as a potential therapeutic tool for asthmatics.
Shapeable Fibrous Aerogels of Metal–Organic-Frameworks Templated with Nanocellulose for Rapid and Large-Capacity Adsorption (2018)

Conventional metal-organic framework (MOF) powders have periodic micro/mesoporous crystalline architectures tuned by their three-dimensional coordination of metal nodes and organic linkers. To add practical macroscopic shapeability and extrinsic hierarchical porosity, fibrous MOF aerogels were produced by synthesizing MOF crystals on the template of TEMPO-cellulose nanofibrils. Cellulose nanofibrils not only offered extrinsic porosities and mechanical flexibility for the resultant MOF aerogels, but also shifted the balance of nucleation and growth for synthesizing smaller MOF crystals, and further decreased their aggregation possibilities. Thanks to their excellent shapeability, hierarchical porosity up to 99%, and low density below 0.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, these MOF aerogels could make the most of their pores and accessible surface areas for higher adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics of different molecules, in sharp contrast to conventional MOF powders. Thus, this scalable and low-cost production pathway is able to convert MOF powders into a shapeable and flexible form and thereby extend their applications in more broad fields, for example, adapting a conventional filtration setup.
The CAPEC based generator of attack scenarios for network security evaluation (2015)

The paper proposes a technique and a software tool for generation of attack scenarios - random sequences of attack patterns and appropriate sequences of security events. The technique suggested is based on the application of open standards for representation of attack patterns and vulnerabilities. The tool was developed in scope of the integrated system of network security analysis, risk assessment and countermeasure generation. It is intended to test effectiveness of this system by simulation of the input data - random attacks against computer networks.
Multivariate group-wise genetic analysis of white matter integrity using orientation distribution functions (2010)

To map tumor suppressor genes for lung adenocarcinomas, we introduced normal human chromosomes 3, 7, and 11 into the A549 tumor cell line by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to test which chromosomes had the ability to suppress tumorigenicity. These human chromosomes, which contain the neomycin gene as a selectable marker, were transferred into A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells at frequencies of 0.3-1.8 x 10(-6). Two microcell hybrid clones with an introduced chromosome 3, two with an introduced chromosome 7, and six with an introduced chromosome 11 were isolated and examined for their growth properties and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Whereas parental A549 cells formed tumors with an average latency of 68 d, both microcell hybrids with an introduced chromosome 3 failed to form tumors for over 360 d. Similar tumorigenicity results were obtained when the clones were implanted into denuded tracheas, a more orthotopic transplantation site. The two clones with an introduced chromosome 7 were still tumorigenic; they formed tumors within 100-123 d after injection and grew progressively, although the tumors grew slightly slower than the parental cells did. Among the six clones with an introduced chromosome 11, one clone was still highly tumorigenic but did not contain an extra copy of an intact introduced chromosome 11. Three clones with a single intact copy of introduced chromosome 11 formed tumors with latency periods significantly longer than those of the parental cells. Two clones had two copies of the introduced chromosome 11, and both failed to form tumors within 1 yr of injection. These results indicate that chromosomes 3 and 11 can suppress the tumorigenicity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells.
[The biological effects of sodium butyrate on cultured human stomach cancer cells and esophageal cancer cells]. (1985)

This experiment was conducted byusing cultured human stomach cancercells (MGc-803 cell line) and Esopha-geal cancer cells (ECa-109 cell line)for studying the changes of cytoskeletalfibers and its morphological changes bytreatment with 5mM sodium butyrate. Cells exposed to a 5mM sodiumbutyrate for 72 hrs show an enhance-ment of the assembly of cytoplasmicmicrotubule fibers (MGc803 cells) andintermediate filaments (ECa109 cells)as shown by indirect immunofluores-cence microscopy. We have found that in the cell lineMGc-803,the changes of cytoplasmicmicrotubule fibers (MT) are relatedto the morphological changes with theformation of long cytoplasmic proccssesand alteration in cell shape from morerounded and irregular shape to a flat-ten fibroblast appearance,and inter-mediate filaments (IF) changes arealso related to the morphological chan-ges of the cell line ECa-109,after thetreatment with 5mM sodium buty-rate for 24—72 hours. It is found that 5mM sodium buty-rate inhibits both of these tumor cellsgrowth and decrease the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in cell line ECa-109.Of particular interest is the fact thatthere was an increase of the intensityof intracellular cAMP specific fluores-cence of the sodium butyrate treatedtumor cells in comparison with theseof the control by immunocytochcrnicalmethod.It also inhibited the 3',5'-cAMP-PDE (Adenosine 3',5'-cyclicmonophosphate phosphodiesterase) acti-vity in MGc-803 cells after treatmentwith 5mM sodium butyrate for 48—72hours by cytochemical method.Thisstudy indicates that the sodium butyratemay regulate these tumor cells cAMPlevel by inhibiting 3',5'-cAMP-PDEactivity for the induction of the dif-ferentiation of these two cancer cells.
Global Dynamics of Proteins: Bridging Between Structure and Function (2010)

Biomolecular systems possess unique, structure-encoded dynamic properties that underlie their biological functions. Recent studies indicate that these dynamic properties are determined to a large extent by the topology of native contacts. In recent years, elastic network models used in conjunction with normal mode analyses have proven to be useful for elucidating the collective dynamics intrinsically accessible under native state conditions, including in particular the global modes of motions that are robustly defined by the overall architecture. With increasing availability of structural data for well-studied proteins in different forms (liganded, complexed, or free), there is increasing evidence in support of the correspondence between functional changes in structures observed in experiments and the global motions predicted by these coarse-grained analyses. These observed correlations suggest that computational methods may be advantageously employed for assessing functional changes in structure and allosteric mechanisms intrinsically favored by the native fold.
A Review on Entity Relation Extraction (2017)

Because of large amounts of unstructured data generated on the Internet, entity relation extraction is believed to have high commercial value. Entity relation extraction is a case of information extraction and it is based on entity recognition. This paper firstly gives a brief overview of relation extraction. On the basis of reviewing the history of relation extraction, the research status of relation extraction is analyzed. Then the paper divides theses research into three categories: supervised machine learning methods, semi-supervised machine learning methods and unsupervised machine learning method, and toward to the deep learning direction.
A New Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides with Terminal Phosphate Group (2008)

Synthesis of a novel cyanoethyl-type linker suitable for the solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides possessing terminal 3'-phosphate group is described. Since the linker is a 2-substituted 2-cyanoethanol, the release of the synthesized oligonucleotide from the solid support is accomplished by β-elimination in the ammonia deprotection step.
Risk factors for serious fall related injury in elderly women living at home (2004)

The study suggests that rheumatic disorders and the inability to get up from lying on the floor were the strongest independent risk factors for serious fall related injury. Experiencing more than one fall in the follow up period and cognitive impairment are the strongest independent predictors for fall induced fractures. Age was not a significant predictor of serious fall related injury. Assessment of these markers is feasible in a clinical setting and is a useful way of identifying those who are at risk of serious fall related injuries.