gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active and Inactive Renins in Human Urine (1982)

Urinary excretions of active and inactive renin were studied in normal subjects and in patients with hypertensive or renal disease. Excessive excretion of active and inactive renins was observed in some patients with no significant correlation to their plasma levels or the degree of proteinuria. Inactive renin excretion correlated to active renin excretion, but the clearance was lower than that of the active form. No correlation was found between the urinary kallikrein excretion and the active/inactive renin ratio in the urine or the plasma. Urinary renin activity was increased by acidification and by trypsin treatment, but not by cold exposure. Both active and inactive renins in the urine showed multiple peaks corresponding to molecular weights between 45,000 and 64,000 by gel filtration.
Optimal source codes for geometrically distributed integer alphabets (Corresp.) (1975)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P(i)= (1 - \theta)\theta^i</tex> be a probability assignment on the set of nonnegative integers where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta</tex> is an arbitrary real number, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0 < \theta < 1</tex> . We show that an optimal binary source code for this probability assignment is constructed as follows. Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</tex> be the integer satisfying <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta^l + \theta^{l+1} \leq 1 < \theta^l + \theta^{l-1}</tex> and represent each nonnegative integer <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</tex> as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i = lj + r</tex> when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j = \lfloor i/l \rfloor</tex> , the integer part of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i/l</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r = [i] mod l</tex> . Encode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> by a unary code (i.e., <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> zeros followed by a single one), and encode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</tex> by a Huffman code, using codewords of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lfloor \log_2 l \rfloor</tex> , for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r < 2^{\lfloor \log l+1 \rfloor} - l</tex> , and length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lfloor \log_2 l \rfloor + 1</tex> otherwise. An optimal code for the nonnegative integers is the concatenation of those two codes.
A Technique for Field Testing Insecticides for Long-term Prevention of Bark Beetle Attack12 (1980)

Journal Article A Technique for Field Testing Insecticides for Long-term Prevention of Bark Beetle Attack Get access C. W. Berisford, C. W. Berisford Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar U. E. Brady, U. E. Brady Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. F. Mizell, R. F. Mizell Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Lashomb, J. H. Lashomb Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. E. Fitzpatrick, G. E. Fitzpatrick Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. R. Ragenovich, I. R. Ragenovich Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. L. Hastings F. L. Hastings Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 73, Issue 5, 1 October 1980, Pages 694–697, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/73.5.694 Published: 01 October 1980 Article history Received: 07 May 1980 Published: 01 October 1980
Ultrafast optical pump THz-probe spectroscopy on silicon (1996)

We investigate the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in silicon after interband excitation with optical femtosecond pulses by probing intraband transitions with time-delayed THz pulses. The experimental data at various temperatures are compared with numerical, self-consistent solutions of the intraband polarization and Maxwell’s equations. In addition, we deduce the carrier scattering rate from the comparison between experiment and theory.
Emergency ultrasound in the acute assessment of haemothorax (2004)

Emergency ultrasound of the chest performed as part of the primary survey of the traumatised patient can rapidly and accurately diagnose haemothorax and is a valuable tool to augment the immediate clinical assessment of these patients.
Nanocomposites made from nanoporous cellulose fibre (2012)

The analysis of neurotransmitters in the brain helps to understand brain functions and diagnose Parkinson's disease. Pharmacological inhibition experiments, electrophysiological measurement of action potentials, and mass analysers have been applied for this purpose; however, these techniques do not allow direct neurotransmitter detection with good temporal resolution by using nanometre-sized electrodes. Hence, we developed a method for direct observation of a single neurotransmitter molecule with a gap width of ≤ 1 nm and on the millisecond time scale. It consists of measuring the tunnelling current that flows through a single-molecule by using nanogap electrodes and machine learning analysis. Using this method, we identified dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine neurotransmitters with high accuracy at the single-molecule level. The analysis of the mouse striatum and cerebral cortex revealed the order of concentration of the three neurotransmitters. Our method will be developed to investigate the neurotransmitter distribution in the brain with good temporal resolution.
WALL-BOUNDED BLADE-TIP VORTEX INTERACTION NOISE (1997)

An analytical treatment is given of the canonical problem of the generation of sound when a locally rectilinear vortex is drawn through the clearance gap between a wall and the square tip of a rigid blade at low Mach number. The mean flow in the neighborhood of the blade tip is assumed to be locally two-dimensional, and is modelled by free streamline potential flow theory, according to which the flow into the gap on the pressure side emerges as a wall jet on the suction side. The additional vorticity shed from the tip (in accordance with the unsteady Kutta condition) during the passage of the vortex is assumed to convect at constant speed along the free streamline boundary of the jet. Sound is generated by a dipole source, the magnitude and orientation of which are determined by the unsteady lift experienced by the blade. We calculate the separate contributions to the radiation (i.e., to the dipole strength) from the vortex and the shed vorticity. The sound is generated while the vortex is within a distance from the blade tip comparable to the clearance, and has wavelength which is order 1/Mlarger, whereMis the characteristic Mach number of the flow. The conclusions of this analysis are supported by an alternative, simplified treatment in which the vortex motion through the gap is assumed to be steady and the shed vorticity convects at a fixed distance from the duct wall rather than along the free streamline.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Paeonilide (2006)

The total synthesis of paeonilide, a natural anti-PAF (platelet-activating factor) new skeleton monoterpenoid with an IC(50) value of 8 microg/mL, was achieved in 16 steps with 15% overall yield from commercially available 2-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenone. [reaction: see text]
Method for Controlling Electrical Properties of Single-Layer Graphene Nanoribbons via Adsorbed Planar Molecular Nanoparticles (2015)

A simple method for fabricating single-layer graphene nanoribbons (sGNRs) from double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) was developed. A sonication treatment was employed to unzip the DWNTs by inducing defects in them through annealing at 500 °C. The unzipped DWNTs yielded double-layered GNRs (dGNRs). Further sonication allowed each dGNR to be unpeeled into two sGNRs. Purification performed using a high-speed centrifuge ensured that more than 99% of the formed GNRs were sGNRs. The changes induced in the electrical properties of the obtained sGNR by the absorption of nanoparticles of planar molecule, naphthalenediimide (NDI), were investigated. The shape of the I-V curve of the sGNRs varied with the number of NDI nanoparticles adsorbed. This was suggestive of the existence of a band gap at the narrow-necked part near the NDI-adsorbing area of the sGNRs.
Functional natural ingredients for “irritable bowel syndrome” (2013)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gut disorder, causing abdominal cramps and pain. It impacts the lifestyle and interrupts daily functioning, which leads to increased stress. Because of its multiple factors of pathophysiology, the conventional medical approach is more complex and challenging, whereas a holistic herbal therapy seems promising for many individuals. Nearly more than 80% of the population depends on herbal medication for their primary health care. Herbal remedies may be considered as a supplement or alternative to treat IBS patients. However, parallelly it should address all possible contributing factors, such as stress, diet and lifestyle. In this context, various herbs such as curcuma, peppermint oil, fennel and ginger have been proved for their management of gut disorders such as IBS. Even though the mechanism of action varies between herb to herb but as a whole the consumer interest towards these functional ingredients is increasing due to hopeful results.
The NASA-Lewis Program on Fusion Energy for Space Power and Propulsion, 1958–1978 (1991)

A retrospective summary and bibliography of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration research program on fusion energy for space power and propulsion systems conducted at the Lewis Research Center are presented. This effort extended over a 20-yr period ending in 1978, involved several hundred person-years of effort, and included theory, experiment, technology development, and mission analysis. This program was initiated in 1958 and was carried out within the Electromagnetic Propulsion Division. Within this division, mission analysis and basic research on high-temperature plasma physics were carried out in the Advanced Concepts Branch. Three pioneering high-field superconducting magnetic confinement facilities were developed with the support of the Magnetics and Cryophysics Branch. The results of this program serve as a basis for subsequent discussions of the space applications of fusion energy, contribute to the understanding of high-temperature plasmas and how to produce them, and advance the state of the art of superconducting magnet technology used in fusion research.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cascade Sequence to Indoloquinolizidines and Its Application in the Synthesis of epi‐Geissochizol. (2012)

Abstract Michael addition of the tethered indole (I) to unsaturated aldehydes followed by Pictet—Spengler reaction yields indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidine intermediates which are reductively converted to products (III) or (V).
Optimal design of a squeeze film actuator for friction feedback (2013)

Sense of touch belongs to one of the five Human Senses. Whereas blind people largely use feeling in everyday life, sighted person mainly focus on hearing and vision. However, haptic interface started being introduced in customers applications, such as smartphone, to propose new opportunities to users. A surface put in vibration nearby another can modify the friction coefficient measured between the two objects. This is known as the squeeze film effect. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of a piezoelectric actuator for friction feedback. Since the computation of the Squeeze film Finite Element (FE) model is time-consuming, it is also proposed to focus only on the mechanical simulations. Indeed, a correlation between the force of the actuator and the volume swept by the travel of the vibrating surface is brought out. Finally, a couple of optimization results are presented for different topologies of actuators.
Ceramic membranes for gas processing in coal gasification (2010)

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world and is likely to outlast gas and oil for centuries. However, with global issues like climate change at the forefront of public attention there is a trend towards the development of a carbon constrained economy. As a result, research has intensified in the last decade on modes of operating coal fired power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS). In particular, pre-combustion options via coal gasification, especially integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) processes, are attracting the attention of governments, industry and the research community as an attractive alternative to conventional power generation. It is possible to build an IGCC plant with CCS with conventional technologies however; these processes are energy intensive and likely to reduce power plant efficiencies. Novel ceramic membrane technologies, in particular molecular sieving silica (MSS) and pervoskite membranes, offer the opportunity to reduce efficiency losses by separating gases at high temperatures and pressures. MSS membranes can be made preferentially selective for H2, enabling both enhanced production, via a water–gas shift membrane reactor, and recovery of H2 from the syngas stream at high temperatures. They also allow CO2 to be concentrated at high pressures, reducing the compression loads for transportation and enabling simple integration with CO2 storage or sequestration operations. Perovskite membranes provide a viable alternative to cryogenic distillation for air separation by delivering the tonnage of oxygen required for coal gasification at a reduced cost. In this review we examine ceramic membrane technologies for high temperature gas separation and discuss the operational, mechanical, design and process considerations necessary for their successful integration into IGCC with CCS systems.
SAR moving target imaging using sparse and low-rank decomposition (2014)

We propose a method to image a complex scene with spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) despite the presence of multiple moving targets. Many recent methods use sparsity-based reconstruction coupled with phase error corrections of moving targets to reconstruct stationary scenes. However, these methods rely on the assumption that the scene itself is sparse and thus unfortunately cannot handle realistic SAR scenarios with complex backgrounds consisting of more than just a few point targets. Our method makes use of sparse and low-rank (SLR) matrix decomposition, an efficient method for decomposing a low-rank matrix and sparse matrix from their sum. For detecting the moving targets and reconstructing the stationary background, SLR uses a convex optimization model that penalizes the nuclear norm of the low rank background structure and the L1 norm of the sparse moving targets. We propose an L1-norm regularization reconstruction method to form the input data matrix, which is grossly corrupted by the moving targets. Each column of the input matrix is a reconstructed SAR image with measurements from a small number of azimuth angles. The use of the L1-norm regularization and a sparse transform permits us to reconstruct the scene with significantly fewer measurements so that moving targets are approximately stationary. We demonstrate our SLR-based approach using simulations adapted from the GOTCHA Volumetric SAR data set. These simulations show that SLR can accurately image multiple moving targets with different individual motions in complex scenes where methods that assume a sparse scene would fail.
Novel Cold Cathode Materials (2001)

Chapter 6 describes emerging new cathodes by reviewing field emission properties of carbon-based field emitters, including diamond, diamond-like carbon and carbon nanotube materials, and discussing physical mechanisms involved and potential device applications that are being explored. Three non-carbon based cathodes—surface conduction emitters (SCEs), ferroelectric emitters and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) emitters—are also briefly reviewed.
Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Mucilage (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition and Physicochemical Properties of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) MucilageRicky W. Fedeniuk and Costas G. BiliaderisCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 2, 240–247Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00038a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00038a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1800Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal Model Validation for Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polysilicon (1996)

A radiant heat‐transfer model is verified for a susceptorless multizone rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) system. Qualitative agreement is shown between thermal model predictions and temperature measurements as deduced via experimental film thickness measurements of polysilicon. The analysis is used to demonstrate that a wafer support mechanism overlapping the edge of the wafer in an RTCVD system contributes significantly to spatial nonuniformities and nonsymmetries. The thermal model is also verified by demonstrating qualitative agreement between the lamp powers predicted by the model to be the optimal settings with those that were determined experimentally to be approximately the optimal settings. In addition, the applicability of the model is studied by examining the performance of a closed‐loop temperature controller designed using the model. The model‐based controller is demonstrated to produce better repeatable film thicknesses than an open‐loop method through comparative experimental studies of 24 consecutively processed wafers.
Fast watermarking of MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoded HDTV video bitstreams (2012)

The paper describes watermarking of compressed video bitstreams. This technique is proven to be very fast and robust against various attacks including camcorder recording attack. The watermark is embedded using indirect modifications of transform coefficients in selected P- and B-frames. In the watermarked bitstream there exist sequences of watermarked pictures interleaved with sequences of unmodified pictures. The unmodified pictures serve as a reference for the watermark detection. The experimental results described for real-world MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoded HDTV video bitstreams are included.
Oxidation of metal sulfides by <i>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> grown on different substrates (1974)

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, grown on either ferrous sulfate, lead sulfide concentrate, or chalcopyrite concentrate demonstrated oxygen uptake and CO 2 fixation in the presence of ferrous sulfate, chalcopyrite ore, pyrite ore, and red antimony trisulfide. Lead suifide-grown cells could oxidize lead sulfide ore and galena, using the energy obtained for CO 2 fixation. All three cell types could oxidize nickel sulfide, but could not fix CO 2 in the presence of this substrate. The solubilization of metals from the substrates and the crystallographic changes in the insoluble residues are reported.
Effect of Phase Mismatch on Image Rejection in Weaver Architecture (2007)

In a radio frequency receiver, image signals degrade the sensitivity of the receiver for receiving desired signals. This letter analyzes the effect of phase mismatch on image rejection in the Weaver architecture, which has been proposed to reject image signals. Weaver architecture requires the phase difference between the I signal and Q signal of the first and second local oscillators (LOs) to be 90deg. However, the realization of accurate 90deg phase shifters is very difficult. It is found here that an accurate 90deg phase shifter is not essential in Weaver architecture. Instead, by making the phase mismatch between the I and Q signals of the first LO be equal to that of the second LO, image rejection can be performed, being insensitive to the phase mismatch. The reason for this is mathematically analyzed and simulation results are presented
200mm manufacturing solution for Coupled Resonator Filters (2009)

Coupled resonator filters (CRF) are an evolution of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters which overcome the limitations of BAW and SAW filters and may become in the next few years the leading technology for RF filters. This paper presents for the first time a 200 mm process for CRF utilizing equipments and infrastructures of a standard IC fab. Key process improvements to reach an attractive device yield on wafer, in particularly the trimming process, are described.
Dengue--How Best to Classify It (2011)

Dengue has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. Dengue virus infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations. Since the 1970s, clinical dengue has been classified according to the World Health Organization guideline as dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The classification has been criticized with regard to its usefulness and its applicability. In 2009, the World Health Organization issued a new guideline that classifies clinical dengue as dengue and severe dengue. The 2009 classification differs significantly from the previous classification in both conceptual and practical levels. The impacts of the new classification on clinical practice, dengue research, and public health policy are discussed.