gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Castanospermine inhibits the processing of the oligosaccharide portion of the influenza viral hemagglutinin (1983)

Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is a plant alkaloid that inhibits alpha- and beta-glucosidase in fibroblast extracts [Saul, R., Chambers, J. P., Molyneux, R. J., & Elbein, A. D. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 221, 593-597]. In the present study, castanospermine also proved to be a potent inhibitor of glycoprotein processing by virtue of the fact that it inhibits glucosidase I. Thus, when influenza virus was raised in the presence of castanospermine, at 10 micrograms/mL or higher, 80-90% of the viral glycopeptides were susceptible to the action of endoglucosaminidase H, whereas in the normal virus 70% of the glycopeptides are resistant to this enzyme. The major oligosaccharide released by endoglucosaminidase H from castanospermine-grown virus migrated like a hexose10GlcNac on a calibrated Bio-Gel P-4 column. This oligosaccharide was characterized as a Glc 3 Man 7 GlcNAc on the basis of various enzymatic treatments, as well as by methylation analysis of the [2-3H]-mannose-labeled or [6-3H]galactose-labeled oligosaccharide. The presence of three glucose residues in the oligosaccharide was also confirmed by periodate oxidation studies of the [6-3H]galactose-labeled hexose10GlcNAc. Castanospermine did not inhibit the incorporation of [3H]leucine or [14C]alanine into protein in MDCK cells at levels as high as 50 micrograms/mL. In addition, influenza virus produced in the presence of this alkaloid were fully infective and apparently produced in similar amounts to that of control cells, as determined by plaque counts. Castanospermine did, however, cause considerable changes in cell surface properties, since MDCK cells grown in 10 micrograms/mL castanospermine were able to bind twice as much [3H]concanavalin A as were control cells.
Developing Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination (2001)

The background that led to the development ofthe first catalytic and enantioselective carbon-fluorine bond-forming reaction is presented. Two different approaches, i.e. the use of nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorinating agents, respectively, have been pursued. Well-defined RU(II) 16-electron systems of the type [RuF(PP)2]+ (where PP is a chelating diphosphine), as well as analogous complexes containing tetradentate PNNP ligands, were found to catalyze the halogen exchange reaction of activated alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides in the presence of TIF as the fluorine source. Isolable crystalline [TiCl2 (TADDOLato)] complexes are efficient catalysts in the enantioselective fluorination of 2-substituted 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with Selectfluor® (also called F-TEDA; 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis{tetrafluoroborate}). Levels of enantioselectivity up to 90% ee were obtained.
Evaluation of an Integrated PCI Express IO Expansion and Clustering Fabric (2008)

Dolphin's DX interconnect, comprising of PCI Express based hardware and accompanying software is an industry first solution for seamlessly integrating IO and clustering capabilities onto an enhanced PCI Express interconnect. This one of a kind solution eliminates the need for two distinct interconnects - one dedicated to IO and the other to clustering.
A NEW ARRAY STRUCTURE FOR ESTIMATING 2-D DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL:Y-SHAPED ARRAY (1996)

This paper presents a new array structure for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrivals (DOAs). The structure is called Y-shaped array, which has 10% better accuracy potential than the newly-developed L-shaped array. A great merit is its ability to estimate 2-D DOAs whichever directions the arriving signals come from, compared with L-shaped array whose performance depends on DOAs. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of the new array.
On Structure and Properties of Amorphous Materials (2011)

Mechanical, optical, magnetic and electronic properties of amorphous materials hold great promise towards current and emergent technologies. We distinguish at least four categories of amorphous (glassy) materials: (i) metallic; (ii) thin films; (iii) organic and inorganic thermoplastics; and (iv) amorphous permanent networks. Some fundamental questions about the atomic arrangements remain unresolved. This paper focuses on the models of atomic arrangements in amorphous materials. The earliest ideas of Bernal on the structure of liquids were followed by experiments and computer models for the packing of spheres. Modern approach is to carry out computer simulations with prediction that can be tested by experiments. A geometrical concept of an ideal amorphous solid is presented as a novel contribution to the understanding of atomic arrangements in amorphous solids.
Electronic and magnetic properties of amorphous and crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>40</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloys (1976)

Electronic states and localized magnetic moments and their interactions were studied in amorphous and crystalline ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{40}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{60\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}$ alloys for $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}12$. Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and high-field magnetization measurements were performed. In the dilute crystalline alloys Curie-Weiss behavior is seen in the susceptibility and is associated with localized moments (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\approx}3{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) on the iron atoms. At higher iron concentrations ferromagnetism is observed. Curie-Weiss behavior also is seen in the susceptibility of the dilute ($0<x\ensuremath{\le}6$) amorphous alloys; however, for these alloys the dependence on Fe concentration appears complex and the effective moments on the iron atoms are very small (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.7{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$). There is some evidence that the local environment of the Fe atoms is important and may depend sensitively on the quench rate used in making the samples or, perhaps, on room-temperature ageing effects in the samples. The dilute amorphous alloys exhibit a negative $\frac{d\ensuremath{\rho}}{dT}$ from 1.4 to 300 K. This is not to be associated with Kondo spin-flip scattering but it is consistent with several other mechanisms including localized-spin-fluctuation scattering, $s$-$d$ scattering in a nonmagnetic model, scattering from tunneling states in the amorphous alloy, or quasi-liquidmetal-pseudopotential scattering. A recent theory due to Nagel and Tauc on the nearly-free-electron approach to metallic glass alloys is shown to be consistent with this last idea and also is used to account for other features exhibited by the amorphous Zr-Cu system. In the concentrated ($x>6$) amorphous alloys, resistance maxima and magnetic hysteresis are seen at low temperatures. For $x=12$ a random ferromagnetic state develops with ${T}_{0}=30$ K, which is some five times smaller than ${T}_{0}$ for the corresponding crystalline alloy. The saturation moment in the amorphous alloy is also considerably smaller than in the crystalline case. This behavior is similar to other systems in which the crystalline-to-amorphous transition greatly weakens the magnetism.
Micromechanical modelling of stress-assisted martensitic transformation (1994)

A computational micromechanics study of stress-assisted martensitic transformation using finite elements is carried out within a thermomechanical framework including the aspect of plastic deformation. The phase transformation is treated by a stress-free transformation tensor corresponding to a certain habit plane variant involving a shape change resulting from shear and dilatational deformations which are eigenstrains within the emerging martensitic phase. General plane strain and axisymmetric analyses are carried out introducing different micromechanical models with appropriate boundary conditions required for the microfield approach. The introduced models are compared with a micromechanical model developed by Tvergaard in the viewpoint of thermodynamic aspects concerning the formation of martensite. The representative volume elements are specified with respect to the Schmid factor for the transformation shear corresponding to an average crystallographic orientation of a grain. We examine elastic-plastic deformations and distribution of transformation-induced microstress fields in both the parent and the emerging product phase due to accommodation of the transformation shape change. Analytical results for the linear elastic case based upon the Eshelby approach will be compared with numerical results. The plastic behavior of austenitic and martensitic microconstituents is described in the context of J2-flow theory with isotropic hardening. The thermomechanical framework is based on an explicit form of a potential suggesting the form of Gibbs free energy, from which transformation conditions on the mesodomain-, interface- and nucleation-site level are derived. The arrangement of martensitic microregions transforming in a stress field is studied considering the thermomechanical coupling of orientation and accommodation effects.
Design and Fabrication of a Ring-Stiffened Graphite-Epoxy Corrugated Cylindrical Shell (1978)

Design and fabrication of supplement test panels that represent key portions of the cylinder are described, as are supporting tests of coupons, sample joints, and stiffening ring elements. The cylindrical shell is a ring-stiffened, open corrugation design that uses T300/5208 graphite-epoxy tape as the basic material for the shell wall and stiffening rings. The test cylinder is designed to withstand bending loads producing the relatively low maximum load intensity in the shell wall of 1,576 N/cm. The resulting shell wall weight, including stiffening rings and fasteners, is 0.0156 kg/m. The shell weight achieved in the graphite-epoxy cylinder represents a weight saving of approximately 23 percent, compared to a comparable aluminum shell. A unique fabrication approach was used in which the cylinder wall was built in three flat segments, which were then wrapped to the cylindrical shape. Such an approach, made possible by the flexibility of the thin corrugated wall in a radial direction, proved to be a simple approach to building the test cylinder. Based on tooling and fabrication methods in this program, the projected costs of a production run of 100 units are reported.
Redox Properties of Isozazolo[60]fullerenes with Regard to Substituents and Molecular Structure (2001)

Abstract A series of isoxazolo[60]fullerene derivatives 1(a-k), 5 and 6(l-n) have been synthesized by [2+3]cycloadditions of the corresponding nitriloxides to C60. The phenyl-, 1,4- and 1,2-biphenyl substituents are substituted with electron donor groups in different distances and orientations in order to determine their influence on the redox properties of these fullerene derivatives. The redox- behavior was measured by cyclic voltammetry. In compounds 1b-g, 5l-n and 6l-n no significant shift relative to the reference compound la could be found. The insertion of an o-phenylene spacer between the isoxazoline ring and the phenyl ring substituted by donor groups in derivatives lh-k causes a shift of the first reduction potential by 30 mV (1h, 1k) and 60 mV (1i) towards more negative values compared to the reference 1a. Because of the o-phenylene spacer the plane of the donor-phenyl ring is forced into a close and parallel orientation to surface of the fullerene suitable for through-space interaction. This geometry was proven by X-ray structure determination of 1k.
Rapid Destruction and Defluorination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate by Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction (2019)

Here, we report a promising new strategy for achieving rapid and complete destruction of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) through the application of hydrothermal conditions (condensed water, 200–350 °C, 2–16.5 MPa) to solutions amended with NaOH. Initial screening experiments with a wide range of solution amendments (e.g., acids, alkalis, oxidants, reductants) revealed highly variable extents of PFOS defluorination, ranging from 0% to 80% after 90 min of reaction at 350 °C. The most reactive amendments, regardless of type, shifted solution pH to highly alkaline conditions (pH ≥ 9), suggesting a base-promoted mechanism. For NaOH-amended solutions, rates of PFOS degradation increased with temperature and followed a second-order rate law, −d[PFOS]/dt = k2[OH–][PFOS], with k2 = 0.052 ± 0.004 M–1 min–1 at 350 °C, and 19F-NMR measurements show complete conversion of C–F bonds to F– (2.5 g/L PFOS) within 40 min for the reaction with 1 M NaOH. Small quantities of short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (≤1.5% [PFOS]init) were detected as transient intermediates, indicating that an initial OH–-catalyzed cleavage of the sulfonate headgroup is followed by rapid sequential decarboxylation reactions, eventually leading to complete mineralization. These findings suggest a promising technology for destruction of PFOS-containing wet concentrates (e.g., aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) stockpiles, industrial waste, sorbent regenerate, and membrane reject waste streams).
The Effect of Surface Functionalization on the Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticles on Graphene Sheets (2012)

In our study, graphene oxide is synthesized by Hummers method. And then, carboxylic acid functionalized graphene (graphene-COOH), thiol-functionalized graphene (graphene-SH), and highly dispersive graphene are prepared by chemical modification of respective groups on the graphene surface. Furthermore, we explore a solution-based approach to prepare three differently functionalized graphene-gold composites by one-step chemical reduction of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>AuCl</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions in respective functionalized graphene suspensions, where the gold nanoparticles are deposited on the functionalized graphene surface during their synthesis process. In addition, we compare the influence of surface functionalization on the growth of gold nanoparticles on graphene surface. Transmission electron morphology (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy are employed to study the effect of surface functionalities on AuNPs distribution onto the graphene surface and demonstrate the successful immobilization of AuNPs on graphene surface.
Statistical analysis of gene expression profiles (2004)

Function divergence after gene duplication has been considered to be an important mechanism for the evolution of new functions. Although gene expression profiles have been treated as an important indicator of gene function, large scale gene expression analysis has mostly focused on current relationships among genes, instead of their evolutionary relationships. By putting expression analysis into the framework of evolution, we make inferences about expression divergence after gene duplication. Based on the Brownian-based model (Gu 2004), the posterior distribution of the ancestral expression profiles are shown to follow a multivariate-normal distribution. This approach provides not only the estimates of the ancestral expression profiles, but also provides a measure of the precision of the estimation/predict!on, thereby, filtering significant information from the background noise of the data. Introduction Ancestral state reconstruction within an evolutionary tree is at the center of comparative studies in evolutionary biology. At the morphological level, comparative analysis looking for evidence of correlated change in two characters may need the help of inferred ancestral states (Harvey and Pagel, 1991). At the molecular level, the properties of ancient molecules (Malcolm et al., 1990; Stackhouse et al., 1990; Adey et al., 1994; Jermann et al., 1995) can be examined through the inferred ancestral amino acid sequences, which can be further tested in vivo or in vitro. Massive microarray expression profiles make it possible to reconstruct the ancestral expression pattern. In the course of such endeavor, appropriate methodology for ancestral state inference is essential.
Giant Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in the Presence of Surface and Bulk Spin−Orbit Coupling of Topological Insulator Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators are known for their strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the existence of spin-textured surface states that might be potentially exploited for "topological spintronics." Here, we use spin pumping and the inverse spin Hall effect to demonstrate successful spin injection at room temperature from a metallic ferromagnet (CoFeB) into the prototypical 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3. The spin pumping process, driven by the magnetization dynamics of the metallic ferromagnet, introduces a spin current into the topological insulator layer, resulting in a broadening of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width. Theoretical modeling of spin pumping through the surface of Bi2Se3, as well as of the measured angular dependence of spin-charge conversion signal, suggests that pumped spin current is first greatly enhanced by the surface SOC and then converted into a dc-voltage signal primarily by the inverse spin Hall effect due to SOC of the bulk of Bi2Se3. We find that the FMR line width broadens significantly (more than a factor of 5) and we deduce a spin Hall angle as large as 0.43 in the Bi2Se3 layer.
The chemistry of azocines. Intermediates for the synthesis of pyrrolizidines (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of azocines. Intermediates for the synthesis of pyrrolizidinesPatrick S. Mariano, Morey E. Osborn, Debra Dunaway-Mariano, Brian C. Gunn, and Roger C. PettersenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 17, 2903–2910Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00437a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00437a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Las prácticas promocionales engañosas relativas a la oferta de premios (2016)

espanolEl presente trabajo analiza una de las practicas consideradas por la Directiva 2005/29 como desleal per se. Tras unas consideraciones iniciales, en las que se hace referencia a la lista negra y su transposicion al Derecho espanol, se examina el articulo 22.6 que la Ley de Competencia Desleal dedica a las practicas promocionales enganosas relativas a la oferta de premios. EnglishThe present paper analyzes one of the practices considered by Directive 2005/29 as unfair per se. After some introductory considerations, which refer to the blacklist and their transposition into Spanish Law, examination is made of the article 22 dealing with deceptive promotional practices concerning the offer of prizes.
Partially Reflective Surface Antenna With Dynamic Beamwidth Control (2010)

The dynamic control of the beamwidth of a partially reflective surface (PRS) antenna is reported for the first time. First, a design methodology is proposed by revisiting the PRS antenna theory from the perspective of its reconfigurable beamwidth operation, which is achieved by the control of the reflection magnitude of the PRS. The proposed PRS design only requires one varactor diode per PRS unit cell and a common control voltage for the entire structure. Finally, a fully operational reconfigurable antenna has been fabricated and measured, successfully demonstrating the targeted capability.
A Dual-Mode Driver IC With Monolithic Negative Drive-Voltage Capability and Digital Current-Mode Controller for Depletion-Mode GaN HEMT (2016)

This work presents a driver and controller integrated circuit (IC) for depletion-mode gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The dual-mode driver can be configured for cascode-drive (CD) or HEMT-drive (HD) mode. In the CD mode, a cascode low-voltage DMOS is driven to achieve high-speed normally OFF operation. An active clamping circuit is proposed for the DMOS breakdown protection. In the HD mode, an HEMT gate driver with negative drive-voltage capability and programmable slope control is presented. A digital peak current-mode controller is also integrated with the dual-mode driver. The IC was implemented in a 140-nm automotive bipolar-CMOS-DMOS silicon-on-insulator process. The driver/controller IC is copackaged with an optimized 600-V GaN HEMT fabricated in a GaN-on-Si process. The solution was verified to operate at up to 1 MHz in a 35-W boost converter prototype and achieves a programmable switching-node dv/dt of up to 20 V/ns. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first monolithic integration of a cascode MOSFET, device driver, and digital current-mode controller that is designed specifically for high-voltage GaN devices.
Loadsa: A yield-driven top-down design method for STT-RAM array (2013)

As an emerging nonvolatile memory technology, spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) faces great design challenges. The large device variations and the thermal-induced switching randomness of the magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) introduce the persistent and non-persistent errors in STT-RAM operations, respectively. Modeling these statistical metrics generally require the expensive Monte-Carlo simulations on the combined magnetic-CMOS models, which is hardly integrated in the modern micro-architecture and system designs. Also, the conventional bottom-up design method incurs costly iterations in the STT-RAM design toward specific system requirement. In this work, we propose Loadsa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> : a yield-driven top-down design method to explore the design space of STT-RAM array from a statistical point of view. Both array-level semi-analytical yield model and cell-level failure-probability model are developed to enable a top-down design method: The system-level requirements, e.g., the chip yield under power and area constraints, are hierarchically mapped to array-and cell-level design parameters, e.g., redundancy, ECC scheme, and MOS transistor size, etc. Our simulation results show that Loadsa can accurately optimize the STT-RAM based on the system and cell-level constraints with a linear computation complexity. Our method demonstrates great potentials in the early design stage of memory or micro-architecture by eliminating the design integrations, while offering a full statistical view of the design even when the common yield enhancement practices are applied.