gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TIP-OPC: a new topological invariant paradigm for pixel based optical proximity correction (2007)

As the 193nm lithography is likely to be used for 45mm and even 32nm processes, much more stringent requirement will be posed on Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) technologies. Currently, there are two OPC approaches --- the model-based OPC (MB-OPC) and the inverse lithography technology (ILT). MB-OPC generates masks which is less complex compared with IL.T. But IL.T produces much better results than MB-OPC in terms of contour fidelity because ILT is a pixel based method. Observing that MB-OPC preserves the mask shape topologies which leads to a lower mask complexity, we combine the strengths of both methods --- the topology invariant property and the pixel based mask representation. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that this topological invariant pixel based OPC (TIP-OPC) paradigm is proposed, which fills the critical hole of the OPC landscape and potentially has many new applications. Our technical novelty includes the lithography friendly mask topological invariant operations, the efficient Fast Fourier Transform based cost function sensitivity computation and the TIP-OPC algorithm. The experimental results show that TIP-OPC can achieve much better post OPC contours compared with MB-OPC while maintaining the mask shape topologies.
Two new species of Talaromyces from Taiwan and Japan (1994)

Two new species of Talaromyces, isolated from soils in Taiwan and Japan, are described and illustrated. Talaromyces eburneus, associated with a Geosmithia anamorph, is characterized by off-white colony on oatmeal agar, small pale yellow ascomata, and subglobose to ovoid ascospores with a smooth wall. Talaromyces muroii is characterized by restricted growth on Czapek agar, luteous ascomata, which are initiated by paired gametangia like those seen in members of the series Flavi, ellipsoidal and nearly smooth ascospores, and the absence of an anamorph.
연구논문(硏究論文) : 문화적 유사성이 K-Pop 인식, 국가이미지, 및 방문의도에 미치는 구조적 관계 분석 (2014)

This study approached the cultural similarity that is a theoretical foundation of Telenovelas phenomenon to understand globalization of K-pop. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship among the cultural similarity, perception of K-pop cognition(visuality, musicality and differentiation). country image and visit intention by specifically separating cognition of K-pop into visual, musical and discriminatory part due to the nature of the acceptance of K-pop. Data were collected from university students who in Shanghai, China on December, 2011.280 questionnaires were collected and 232 were analyzed except 48 incomplete questionnaires. Additionally, interview was conducted with Chinese tourists who visited to Korea for ‘2012 Incheon K-pop concert’. The results indicated that cultural similarities significant influenced on visuality, musicality and differentiation cognition of K-pop. Also, visuality and differentiation cognition of K-pop influenced on musicality but not on country image. Country image greatly influenced visit intention.
Compact high-brightness and high-power diode laser source for materials processing (2000)

A compact, reliable semiconductor laser source for materials processing, medical and pumping applications is described. This industrial laser source relies on a combination of technologies that have matured in recent years. In particular, effective means of stacking and imaging monolithic semiconductor laser arrays (a.k.a., bars), together with advances in the design and manufacture of the bars, have enabled the production of robust sources at market-competitive costs. Semiconductor lasers are presently the only lasers known that combine an efficiency of about 50% with compact size and high reliability. Currently the maximum demonstrated output power of a 10-mm-wide semiconductor laser bar exceeds the 260 W level when assembled on an actively cooled heat sink. (The rated power is in the range of 50 to 100 W.) Power levels in the kW range can be reached by stacking such devices. The requirements on the stacking technique and the optic assembly to achieve high brightness are discussed. Optics for beam collimation in fast and slow axis are compared. An example for an optical setup to use in materials processing will be shown. Spot sizes as low as 0.4 mm X 1.2 mm at a numerical aperture of 0.3 and output power of 1 kW are demonstrated. This results in a power density of more than 200 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. A setup for further increase in brightness by wavelength and polarization coupling will be outlined. For incoherent coupling of multiple beams into a single core optical fiber, a sophisticated beam-shaping device is needed to homogenize the beam quality of stacked semiconductor lasers.
Characterization of a thermal interface material for burn-in application (2002)

A series of tests to characterize the suitability of a material as a thermal interface for burn-in applications were generated. These tests include thermal resistance at elevated temperature, thermal resistance as a function of cycle number, mechanical cycling with and without shear, extended high temperature exposure, residue measurements, mechanical compliance measurements, and tensile and shear strength measurements. Results from testing were used to optimize an in house thermal interface material to withstand repetitive burn-in cycles without requiring replacement.
Modeling Alexander disease with patient iPSCs reveals cellular and molecular pathology of astrocytes (2016)

Alexander disease is a fatal neurological illness characterized by white-matter degeneration and formation of Rosenthal fibers, which contain glial fibrillary acidic protein as astrocytic inclusion. Alexander disease is mainly caused by a gene mutation encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, although the underlying pathomechanism remains unclear. We established induced pluripotent stem cells from Alexander disease patients, and differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells into astrocytes. Alexander disease patient astrocytes exhibited Rosenthal fiber-like structures, a key Alexander disease pathology, and increased inflammatory cytokine release compared to healthy control. These results suggested that Alexander disease astrocytes contribute to leukodystrophy and a variety of symptoms as an inflammatory source in the Alexander disease patient brain. Astrocytes, differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of Alexander disease, could be a cellular model for future translational medicine.
CoT: Decentralized Elastic Caches for Cloud Environments (2020)

Distributed caches are widely deployed to serve social networks and web applications at billion-user scales. This paper presents Cache-on-Track (CoT), a decentralized, elastic, and predictive caching framework for cloud environments. CoT proposes a new cache replacement policy specifically tailored for small front-end caches that serve skewed workloads. Front-end servers use a heavy hitter tracking algorithm to continuously track the top-k hot keys. CoT dynamically caches the hottest C keys out of the tracked keys. Our experiments show that CoT's replacement policy consistently outperforms the hit-rates of LRU, LFU, and ARC for the same cache size on different skewed workloads. Also, \algoname slightly outperforms the hit-rate of LRU-2 when both policies are configured with the same tracking (history) size. CoT achieves server size load-balance with 50\% to 93.75\% less front-end cache in comparison to other replacement policies.
Autostratification in Drying Colloidal Dispersions: Experimental Investigations (2012)

In films cast from a colloidal dispersion comprising two particle sizes, we experimentally examine the distribution of particles normal to the substrate. The particle concentrations at various positions in the film are determined through atomic force microscopy and NMR profiling. The results are compared to a previously derived diffusional model. Evidence for diffusional driven stratification is found, but the importance of other flows is also highlighted. The conditions that enhance particle stratification are found to be a colloidally stable dispersion, low initial volume fractions, a low concentration of the stratifying particle, and for the Peclet numbers of the two components to straddle unity.
Nitric oxide Synthase: From Molecular Biology to Cerebrovascular Physiology (1994)

Three distinct nitric oxide synthase genes are expressed in the cerebral arterial wall. Constitutive isoforms are localized in endothelium and perivascular nerves, whereas only inducible enzyme is present in smooth muscle cells, demonstrating the complex role of nitric oxide in regulation of cerebral arterial tone.
The use of wheat-germ lectin-Sepharose for the purification of human haemopexin (1977)

Haemopexin was prepared in 37% yield from normal human serum by a simple procedure involving fractional poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation and subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. One peak from the ion exchanger consisted of only haemopexin and transferrin. These proteins were separated by chromatography on wheat-germ lectin-Sepharose 6MB. Haemopexin was selectively bound and was subsequently desorbed by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. No impurities could be detected in the final preparation by immunoelectrophoresis or by immunodiffusion against a range of antisera. The protein gave two partially separated bands in polyacrylamide-gradient-gel electrophoresis, corresponding to apohaemopexin and haem-haemopexin complex.
Fpga implementation of efficient Kalman band-pass Sigma-Delta filter for application in FM demodulation (2004)

An efficient architecture for Kalman band-pass sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) demodulator, used in the application of FM demodulation, is presented. The IF stage of the circuit separates the inphase and quadrature (I and Q) signals using a single circuit path, thus eliminating I-Q differences due to component mismatch. The separated I-Q signals are then filtered using an efficient recursive Kalman band-pass filter. The demodulation performance of Kalman filter is evaluated. The FPGA (field programmable gate array) design of the architecture is given.
Concurrent simulation of a subject specific musculoskeletal model with anatomical knee (2015)

Computational models of the knee provide us with a better understanding of ligament and joint contact forces during ambulatory activities. Thus, such models can be used to devise better injury prevention methods, as well as surgical and therapeutic treatments for musculoskeletal disorders. This manuscript presents a method to develop a subject specific model in a multi-body framework. The muscle-driven computational model is created by segmenting the magnetic resonance imaging data and uses motion capture data to predict the knee mechanics. The model is validated against the ground reaction forces and then is used to evaluate the function of menisci as well as pressure distribution in the patellofemoral joint.
A Mixed Complementarity-Based Equilibrium Model of Natural Gas Markets (2005)

We present a new multiseasonal, multiyear, natural gas market equilibrium model based on the concept of a competitive equilibrium involving the market participants: producers, storage reservoir operators, peak gas operators, pipeline operators, marketers, and consumers. The first three classes are depicted as price-takers consistent with perfect competition. The pipeline operations are described with regulated tariffs, but also involve “congestion pricing” as a mechanism to allocate scarce pipeline capacity. The marketers are price-takers in all markets except in sales to consumers, in which they compete as Nash-Cournot players. Finally, consumers are described by demand curves for each of the four sectors: residential, commercial, industrial, and electric power. We show that the equilibrium model is an instance of a mixed nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) and provide sufficient detail not generally seen in previous complementarity models of natural gas. The NCP formulation is derived from considering the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions of the optimization problems faced by these participants. Under mild conditions, we show that this NCP has a solution, and under additional reasonable conditions, we show that the market prices are unique. We also validate the model on a representative sample network with nine market participants and three seasons, using four scenarios.
Stem Cell Marker Prominin-1/AC133 Is Expressed in Duct Cells of the Adult Human Pancreas (2008)

Our data show that pancreatic duct cells express prominin-1 and surprisingly reveal that its particular AC133 epitope is not an exclusive stem and progenitor cell marker.
Designing a universal format for encrypted media (2013)

Increasingly, video delivery over the internet is being monetized through advertisement or paid services. Almost all monetized video is delivered encrypted to the clients. Clients are authorized to receive the encryption keys after watching advertisements or based on payments. Although the exact same audio and video compression standards are used, the way media is encrypted is very different in different eco-systems like Adobe Flash, Apple HTTP Live Streaming, MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, etc., making them incompatible with each other. In some cases, it is sample (frame) based encryption while it is packet based in others. Even while using sample based encryption, different parts of a sample are selectively encrypted by different schemes. As encryption algorithms typically use different chaining modes (e.g., Cipher Block Chaining) there is some continuity from one encryption block to another. Although there is considerable overlap between encrypted data, the encryption chains are constructed differently across different formats. The goal of this paper is to define a single mezzanine file format to serve as a Universal Encryption Format that a client platform can implement to playback media from different encrypted video delivery systems. We use some basic encryption characteristics to identify and preserve the chains by storing minimal house keeping information about which part of the data is encrypted, where chains are broken, additional initialization vectors, etc. We design and propose an encryption map that is stored typically with the media sample headers. The map securely and efficiently stores information about encryption runs in terms of sizes, IVs, and offsets. We propose additional optimizations in the format to make the encryption maps compact and the decryption, efficient.
Scaling, universality, and renormalization: Three pillars of modern critical phenomena (1999)

This brief overview is designed to introduce some of the advances that have occurred in our understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena. The presentation is organized around three simple questions: (i) What are the basic phenomena under consideration? (ii) Why do we care? (iii) What do we actually do? To answer the third question, the author shall briefly review scaling, universality, and renormalization, three of the many important themes which have served to provide the framework of much of our current understanding of critical phenomena. The style is that of a colloquium, not that of a mini-review article.
A Cancer Education Service (ACES) Program of Research with Minority and Underserved Populations (1997)

No abstract available.
The United States and the Algerian War (2001)

Abstract This chapter examines the interest of the United States in the Algerian War and in the fall of the Fourth French Republic. It explains that during this period the French economy has become independent of U.S. assistance and that there existed a growing threat from the French communist party. The chapter also highlights the frustration of the United States with the French inability to bring a conclusion to a war that increasingly appeared to play into the hands of Soviet ambitions.
Curcumin Induces Autophagy via Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (2013)

Curcumin is a major yellow pigment and active component of turmeric widely used as dietary spice and herbal medicine. This compound has been reported to be a promising antitumor agent, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood yet. In this study, we reported that curcumin inhibited growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, but had no cytotoxic activity to IMR-90 normal lung fibroblast cells. Curcumin induced autophagy in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, evidenced by LC3 immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting assays on LC3 and SQSTM1. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA partly blocked the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth of A549 cells. Curcumin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetylCoA carboxylase in A549 cells. At last, pharmacological blockade of the AMPK signaling pathway by compound C and genetic disruption of the AMPK signaling pathway with siRNA-mediated AMPKα1 knockdown impaired the autophagy-inducing effect of curcumin. Collectively, our data suggests that curcumin induces autophagy via activating the AMPK signaling pathway and the autophagy is important for the inhibiting effect of curcumin in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Evaluation of a predicate-based software testing strategy (1994)

In this paper, we report the results of four empirical studies for evaluating a predicate-based software testing strategy, called BOR (Boolean operator) testing. The BOR testing strategy focuses on the detection of Boolean operator faults in a predicate, including incorrect AND/OR operators and missing or extra NOT operators. Our empirical studies involved comparisons of BOR testing with several other predicate-based testing strategies, using Boolean expressions, a real-time control system, and a set of N-version programs. For program-based test generation, BOR testing was applied to predicates in a program. For specification-based test generation, BOR testing was applied to cause-effect graphs representing software specification. The results of our studies indicate that BOR testing is practical and effective for both specification- and program-based test generation.
Differences in the binding specificities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa M35 and Escherichia coli C600 for lipid-linked oligosaccharides with lactose-related core regions (1992)

Membrane glycolipids contain the lactose sequence (galactose linked to glucose), and the oligosaccharide is variously extended such that there is a cell-type-specific repertoire. In this study, binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa M35 to lipid-linked lactose (Gal beta 1-4Glc [structure 1]), lacto-N-neotetraose (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc [structure 2]), lacto-N-tetraose (Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc [structure 3]), and asialo GM1 (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc [structure 4]) was evaluated and compared with binding of Escherichia coli C600 to these compounds. Oligosaccharides were linked to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine dipalmitoate, and the resulting neoglycolipids were resolved on thin-layer chromatograms or coated onto plastic microtiter wells. Lipid-linked structures 1 to 4 were bound by P. aeruginosa and E. coli in the chromatogram assay, but only structure 4 was bound in the microtiter well assay. As shown previously for E. coli binding to lipid-linked structures 1 to 3, binding to lipid-linked structure 4 was not inhibited with oligosaccharide, indicating a requirement for lipid and oligosaccharide. With few exceptions, sialylation and fucosylation of structures 1 to 4 resulted in impaired or abolished binding. Comparisons of binding intensities in the chromatogram assay indicated that recognition by P. aeruginosa and recognition by E. coli are not identical. Presence of the additional disaccharide unit, as in structure 2, resulted in enhanced binding of P. aeruginosa but diminished binding of E. coli relative to lactose binding; fucosylation at galactose of lactose resulted in markedly diminished binding of P. aeruginosa only. In the microtiter well assay, binding of E. coli to asialo GM1 was much weaker than P. aeruginosa binding. The saccharide-plus-lipid-dependent adhesion may be an important factor in increased susceptibility to infection of epithelia already damaged by microbial and chemical agents; the differing strengths of adhesion to the structural variants may relate to tissue tropism.
Noise spectroscopy of local levels in semiconductors (1994)

A method for extracting the parameters of local levels from noise spectroscopic data for the case when the capture cross section of electrons sigma n depends on temperature exponentially, sigma n= sigma 0 exp(-E1/kT), has been suggested. For the limiting cases when the Fermi level EF lies significantly below (EF-E0>>kT) or above (E0-EF>>kT) the level E0, analytic expressions have been obtained to calculate sigma 0, E0, E1 and the level concentration Nt. The results have been applied to noise-measurement data for GaAs samples with electron concentrations n0 approximately 1015, 1016 and 1017 cm-3. It has been shown that the technique proposed can be applied to a wide variety of experimental situations.
SCOOT--AN UPDATE (1995)

Split, Cycle, and Offset Optimization Technique--or SCOOT--is a third generation adaptive signal control system that was developed in the United Kingdom and introduced in the early 1980s. SCOOT evolved from the TRANSYT method of optimizing signal plans. This article describes SCOOT and the improvements to the system since its introduction. The application of SCOOT worldwide is outlined and its future contribution to North America traffic management is discussed. A test implementation of SCOOT is planned for Anaheim, California. The project will assess the degree of expertise required for installation and seek to quantify the hidden installation costs. Thus far, traffic engineers have found SCOOT to be familiar and user-friendly to install and maintain, but the database lacks accessibility.
Growth of human mammary epithelial cells on collagen gel surfaces. (1981)

We have developed a method for sustained growth of human mammary epithelial cells in monolayer cultures. Epithelial organoids derived from solid breast tissues were grown on the surface of thin (approximately 1 mm) collagen gel layers in an enriched growth medium supplemented with hormones, growth factors, fetal calf serum, and horse serum. To transfer the cultures, the collagen layers were dislodged and digested with collagenase. The monolayers of cells released into suspension were then dissociated into single cells using trypsin-ethylene-diaminetetraacetate. Dissociated single cells were repleted with 75 to 95% efficiency onto collagen layers or tissue culture plastic surfaces. The dissociated cells could also be cryopreserved and reactivated with greater than 80% plating efficiency on collagen layers. Normal human mammary epithelial cells grown under these conditions progressed through 12 to 15 population doublings. The population-doubling times for normal and malignant mammary cells on collagen layers were 34 and 65 hr, respectively. After reaching confluence, cells in some cultures, derived from either normal or malignant tissues, penetrated the gel surface and grew into the collagen. Within the gels, the cells became organized into three-dimensional tubular structures. The use of collagen layers eliminates a major problem in growth of human mammary epithelial cells in culture, difficulty in efficient dissociation, and cell transfer from monolayers.
Live attenuated coccidiosis vaccine: selection of a second precocious line of Eimeria maxima. (1988)

An attenuated line (CP) of Eimeria maxima was obtained by selection for early development of oocysts. Despite a small reproductive potential the CP line was highly immunogenic against its parent but did not completely protect chickens against challenge with virulent heterologous strains. However, in combination with another attenuated line with similar characteristics, good protection was induced.