gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AdaBatch: Adaptive Batch Sizes for Training Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Training deep neural networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent, or its variants, requires careful choice of both learning rate and batch size. While smaller batch sizes generally converge in fewer training epochs, larger batch sizes offer more parallelism and hence better computational efficiency. We have developed a new training approach that, rather than statically choosing a single batch size for all epochs, adaptively increases the batch size during the training process. Our method delivers the convergence rate of small batch sizes while achieving performance similar to large batch sizes. We analyse our approach using the standard AlexNet, ResNet, and VGG networks operating on the popular CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets. Our results demonstrate that learning with adaptive batch sizes can improve performance by factors of up to 6.25 on 4 NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPUs while changing accuracy by less than 1% relative to training with fixed batch sizes.
Human immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide (alginate) vaccine (1994)

Chronic lung infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major pathologic feature of cystic fibrosis. Previous studies suggested that a failure to produce opsonic antibody to the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP; also called alginate) capsule is associated with the maintenance of chronic bacterial infection. Provision of MEP-specific opsonic antibodies has therapeutic potential. To evaluate the ability of MEP to elicit opsonic antibodies, humans were immunized with two lots of MEP vaccine that differed principally in molecular size. Lot 2 had a larger average MEP polymer size. Both vaccines were well tolerated, but lot 1 was poorly immunogenic, inducing long-lived opsonic antibodies in only 2 of 28 vaccinates given doses of 10 to 150 micrograms. In contrast, at the optimal dose of 100 micrograms, lot 2 elicited long-lived opsonic antibodies in 80 to 90% of the vaccinates. The antibodies elicited by both lots enhanced deposition of C3 onto mucoid P. aeruginosa cells and mediated opsonic killing of heterologous mucoid strains expressing distinct MEP antigens. These results indicate that the polymers of MEP with the largest molecular sizes safely elicit opsonic antibodies in a sufficiently large proportion of vaccinates to permit studies of active and passive immunization of cystic fibrosis patients against infection with mucoid P. aeruginosa.
TEM study of the two-step annealing of arsenic-implanted 〈100〉 silicon (1979)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were made to evaluate the distribution of defects remaining in arsenic-implanted silicon after annealing. Samples implanted with arsenic ions—1×1016 ions/cm2 at 40 keV—were individually annealed in either one or two steps. Five samples were subjected to a one-hour preanneal—one each at 500°, 525°, 550°, 575°, and 600°C—in nitrogen ambient. In this temperature range epitaxial recrystallization of implantation damage can be expected. All the samples, whether preannealed or not, were then annealed for one hour at 1000°C in N2, to reduce defects and to diffuse and activate the arsenic. The amount of disorder (dislocations) depended on the annealing cycle. Dislocations were minimized by preannealing for one hour at 550°C and then annealing for one hour at 1000°C. The TEM method proved much more sensitive to fine detail than channeling measurements.
Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase and cholesterol biosynthesis by <i>β</i>-lactone inhibitors and binding of these inhibitors to the enzyme (1993)

The beta-lactones L-659,699 [(E,E)-11-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-2- oxetanyl]-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4-undecadienoic acid) and its radioactive derivative 3H-L-668,411 (the 2,3-ditritiated methyl ester of L-659,699) inhibited a partially purified preparation of rat liver cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase with an IC50 of 0.1 microM. These compounds were also found to inhibit the incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols in cultured Hep G2 cells with an IC50 of 3 microM. New kinetic evidence indicated that inhibition of the isolated enzyme was irreversible. In contrast, sterol biosynthesis in cultured Hep G2 cells was rapidly restored upon removal of the compound from the medium of inhibited cultures, suggesting reversibility of inhibition in the cells. Radioactivity was found to be associated with a single cytoplasmic protein by SDS/PAGE of the cytoplasm of Hep G2 cells after incubation of the cells with the inhibitor 3H-L-668,411. This protein was identified as cytoplasmic HMG-CoA synthase. Binding of the radioactive compound to the enzyme was decreased with time if the radioactive inhibitor was removed from the medium. Exposure of a gel containing the radioactive enzyme-inhibitor complex to neutral hydroxylamine also resulted in a loss of radioactivity from the gel. The purified rat liver enzyme reacted with the 3H-ligand to form a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex which could be isolated by h.p.l.c. Radioactivity was also subsequently lost from this complex when it was incubated with neutral hydroxylamine. Incorporation of [14C]acetate into cholesterol in mouse liver was inhibited in a reversible manner after oral administration of the beta-lactone inhibitor. These studies, as well as the kinetic evidence presented, suggest that the beta-lactone inhibitors acylate HMG-CoA synthase in a reaction which appears to be irreversible in vitro, but is easily reversed in cultured cells and in animals.
Phase relations in the Barium Titanate—Titanium Oxide System (1991)

Phase relations in the BaTiO 3 —TiO 2 system were studied at temperatures above 1300°C in air. Quenching experiments were performed with high‐purity reagents, and a new equilibrium phase diagram was constructed. Results include redetermination of the liquidus boundaries, the eutectic temperature, the melting or decomposition temperatures of the stable compounds in the system, the cubic—hexagonal transition in BaTiO 3 , and the solid solubility of TiO 2 in BaTiO 3 .
Who Taught Me That? Repurposed News, Blog Structure, and Source Identification (2011)

Changes in the information society, especially the rise of blogs, have refocused attention on questions of media modality, source identification, and motivation in online environments. We manipulate the structure of a blogger's critique on a news story (global vs. interspersed) and the partisan target of the blogger (Democrats vs. Republicans) in an experiment embedded in an online survey. Our results support our expectations: The more difficult story format decreases the ability of less motivated readers to correctly identify the source of their information, without affecting the motivated. These effects of structure on source identification are democratically consequential when people rely on blogs for facts about public affairs without the proper cautionary caveats regarding the credibility of the source.
Characterization and modeling of graphene field-effect devices (2008)

The novel electronic properties of graphene, including a linear energy dispersion relation and purely two-dimensional structure, have led to intense research into possible applications of this material in nanoscale devices. In this paper, we review the unique electronic properties of graphene that give it the potential for high frequency electronic applications. We then present the latest results on the current-voltage characteristics of top-gated graphene FETs. These devices show unique characteristics related to the ambipolar nature of the graphene channel. In addition, the devices show very high saturation velocities, suggesting the possibility for superior high frequency performance. Our initial devices have transconductances as high as 150 muS/mum despite low on-off current ratios, making the devices very suitable for analog/RF applications.
Photodeposition of copper sulphide nanocrystals on titanium(iv) oxide nanorods and their application in smart windows (2013)

Rutile TiO2 nanorods (NRs) have been synthesized by a low-temperature route, using polyethylene glycol as a multi-functional agent for restricting particle growth, controlling particle shape, promoting crystallization, and dispersing particles. CuS nanocrystals were then photodeposited on the surface of the TiO2 NRs at 298 K (CuS–TiO2 NRs). CuS–TiO2 NRs exhibit strong absorption due to the interband transitions and the localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible-near infrared region. A dipole particle suspension (DPS) cell using a polydimethylsiloxane suspension of CuS–TiO2 NRs has been fabricated. This all-inorganic DPS cell exhibits a large solar transmittance change by applying an electric voltage. Application of this new type of DPS cell to smart windows would greatly help to reduce energy consumption by air conditioning systems in buildings and automobiles.
Role of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>ExsA in Penetration through Corneal Epithelium in a Novel In Vivo Model (2003)

The 6-hour healing infection model showed a role for ExsA in early interactions with the corneal epithelium that was not detectable with the conventional (0-hour) scratch model. Comparison of the 6- and 12-hour healing models, which showed that factors additional to barrier function contribute to defense against infection, could be used to gain new insights into corneal defense mechanisms, and the methods used by bacteria to circumvent them.
Animal toxins: facts and protocols. (2000)

It is now something of a truism to say that natural toxins form a major compo­ nent of the molecular tools used increasingly frequently by the ever growing number of laboratories of various kinds. Evidence for this is provided not only by the increasing number of firms including such toxins in their catalogues but also by the large number of demands received by those who discover new tox­ ins. This book is designed to facilitate the work of scientists interested in explor­ ing a new domain of toxicology or in using toxins as tools for research. The length of this book has been kept reasonable by concentrating on animal tox­ ins, most of which are polypeptides. The venom of each animal contains a large number of toxins, which may be similar in terms of their physical and chemical properties and are therefore difficult to purify. However, their pharmacological activities may be very differ­ ent. These toxins are extremely active, and it is therefore necessary to demon­ strate conclusively that the activity observed really does correspond to the newly characterized molecule
Minimum cross-entropy algorithm for image reconstruction from incomplete projection (1991)

An algorithm named Minimum Cross-Entropy Algorithm (MCEA) for image reconstruction from incomplete projection data is presented here. The principle of maximum entropy has been applied to image reconstruction successfully. However, the application of principle of minimum cross-entropy to image reconstruction from incomplete projection data has not been found in literature. When the missing data or missing angle is large, the proposed algorithm yields acceptable results. Compared with the maximum entropy algorithm MENT, we conclude that (1) MCEA is superior to MENT for such cases where the number of projections involved are small; (2) Convergence performance of MCEA is better than MENT; (3) MCEA and MENT both are stable against noise; and (4) Under appropriate a priori distribution, MCEA yields satisfactory results after a couple of iterations. The speed and quality of reconstruction as well as the overhead of storage for MCEA are superior to that of MENT.
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (2014)

Increasing energy demand, especially in the transportation sector, and soaring CO2 emissions necessitate the exploitation of renewable sources of energy. Despite the large variety of new energy carriers, liquid hydrocarbon still appears to be the most attractive and feasible form of transportation fuel taking into account the energy density, stability and existing infrastructure. Biomass is an abundant, renewable source of energy; however, utilizing it in a cost-effective way is still a substantial challenge. Lignocellulose is composed of three major biopolymers, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is recognized as an efficient and feasible process to selectively convert lignocellulose into a liquid fuel-bio-oil. However bio-oil from fast pyrolysis contains a large amount of oxygen, distributed in hundreds of oxygenates. These oxygenates are the cause of many negative properties, such as low heating value, high corrosiveness, high viscosity, and instability; they also greatly limit the application of bio-oil particularly as transportation fuel. Hydrocarbons derived from biomass are most attractive because of their high energy density and compatibility with the existing infrastructure. Thus, converting lignocellulose into transportation fuels via catalytic fast pyrolysis has attracted much attention. Many studies related to catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass have been published. The main challenge of this process is the development of active and stable catalysts that can deal with a large variety of decomposition intermediates from lignocellulose. This review starts with the current understanding of the chemistry in fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose and focuses on the development of catalysts in catalytic fast pyrolysis. Recent progress in the experimental studies on catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is also summarized with the emphasis on bio-oil yields and quality.
Scarless Engineering of the Escherichia coli Genome (2008)

E. coli K-12, being one of the best understood and thoroughly analyzed organisms, is the workhorse of genetic, biochemical, and systems biology research, as well as the platform of choice for numerous biotechnological applications. Genome minimization/remodeling is now a feasible approach to further enhance its beneficial characteristics for practical applications. Two genome engineering techniques, a lambda Red-mediated deletion method and a suicide (conditionally replicative) plasmid-based allele replacement procedure are presented here. These techniques utilize homologous recombination, and allow the rapid introduction of virtually any modifications in the genome.
One-Way Stimulation in Mixed Leukocyte Cultures (1966)

We have developed an improved method for the mixed leukocyte culture test. Control values, as determined by rates of incorporation of thymidine, are very low, allowing evaluation of low levels of stimulation in homologous cell mixtures. One-way stimulation is assayed by treating the cells of one individual with mitomycin C; treated cells cannot respond (incorporate thymidine) but can still stimulate homologous untreated cells to do so.
The Regulation of Epidermal Hyperplastic Growth (1981)

(1981). The Regulation of Epidermal Hyperplastic Growth. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 151-200.
Inhibition of the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution by bisquaternary ammonium salt (2002)

The effectiveness of bisquaternary ammonium salt N,N′‐Bis(dodecyldimethyl)‐3‐oxa‐1,5‐ pentanediammonium dichloride used as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the bisquaternary ammonium salt was also compared with that of urotropine, a commercial corrosion inhibitor for acid media in industry practice. The results showed good inhibiting action of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with the inhibitor concentration but is temperature–independent. N,N′‐Bis(dodecyldimethyl)‐3‐oxa‐1,5‐pentanediammonium dichloride acts mainly as a mixed‐type inhibitor. The inhibition of this bisquaternary ammonium compound was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface without affecting the corrosion mechanisms. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in HCl solution was found to obey Frumkin's isotherm.
Detecting privacy leaks using corpus-based association rules (2008)

Detecting inferences in documents is critical for ensuring privacy when sharing information. In this paper, we propose a refined and practical model of inference detection using a reference corpus. Our model is inspired by association rule mining: inferences are based on word co-occurrences. Using the model and taking the Web as the reference corpus, we can find inferences and measure their strength through web-mining algorithms that leverage search engines such as Google or Yahoo!.
Automating Machine Learning (2024)

I will describe the “Automatic Statistician”1, a project which aims to automate the exploratory analysis and modelling of data. Our approach starts by defining a large space of related probabilistic models via a grammar over models, and then uses Bayesian marginal likelihood computations to search over this space for one or a few good models of the data. The aim is to find models which have both good predictive performance, and are somewhat interpretable. The Automatic Statistician generates a natural language summary of the analysis, producing a 10‒15 page report with plots and tables describing the analysis. I will also link this to recent work we have been doing in the area of Probabilistic Programming (including an new system in Julia) to automate inference, and on the rational allocation of computational resources (and our entry in the AutoML conference).
COMPLETION OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF<i>SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA</i> (2000)

Sarcocystis neurona is the most important cause of a neurologic disease in horses, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The complete life cycle of S. neurona, including the description of sarcocysts and intermediate hosts, has not been completed until now. Opossums (Didelphis spp.) are definitive hosts, and horses and other mammals are aberrant hosts. In the present study, laboratory-raised domestic cats (Felis domesticus) were fed sporocysts from the intestine of a naturally infected opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Microscopic sarcocysts, with a maximum size of 700 x 50 microm, developed in the muscles of the cats. The DNA of bradyzoites released from sarcocysts was confirmed as S. neurona. Laboratory-raised opossums (D. virginiana) fed cat muscles containing the sarcocysts shed sporocysts in their feces. The sporocysts were approximately 10(-12) x 6.5-8.0 microm in size. Gamma interferon knockout mice fed sporocysts from experimentally infected opossums developed clinical sarcocystosis, and S. neurona was identified in their tissues using S. neurona-specific polyclonal rabbit serum. Two seronegative ponies fed sporocysts from an experimentally-infected opossum developed S. neurona-specific antibodies within 14 days.
Isolation and identification of some sulfur chemicals present in two model systems approximating cooked meat (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and identification of some sulfur chemicals present in two model systems approximating cooked meatCynthia J. Mussinan and Ira KatzCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 1, 43–45Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60185a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60185a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Non-Dispersive Signal Construction Method for High Resolution Lamb Wave Damage Imaging (2013)

In practical applications, the spatial resolution of Lamb wave imaging is easily affected by the dispersion effect. In this paper, a non-dispersive signal construction (ND-SC) method is developed for dispersion compensation of Lamb waves. After the Lamb wave sensing model is established in frequency domain, ND-SC is theoretically studied. A high spatial resolution damage imaging method is developed based on NDSC and the traditional delay-and-sum algorithm. The proposed ND-SC and high resolution imaging methods are validated by experimental studies.
A dynamic programming approach to the test point insertion problem (1987)

The test point insertion problem is that of selecting t nodes in a combinational network as candidates for inserting observable test points, so as to minimize the number of test vectors needed to detect all single stuck-at faults in the network. In this paper we describe a dynamic programming approach to selecting the test points and provide an algorithm that inserts the test points optimally for fanout-free networks. We further extend this algorithm to general combinational networks with reconvergent fanout. We also analyze the time complexity of the algorithm and show that it runs in Ο(n-t) time, where n is the size of the network and t is the number of test points to be inserted.
Properties of YBaCuO step-edge Josephson junction series arrays (1995)

YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) structures composed of 10 and 100 step-edge Josephson junction series arrays incorporated into two-arm logarithmic spiral or bow-tie type were designed, fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition on structured LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates and measured in the temperature range 12 to 70 K at frequencies up to 150 GHz. At 18 K the I/sub c/R/sub N/ product of 10 junction arrays was up to 0.8 mV. Wide Shapiro steps at voltages corresponding to the multiple frequency of irradiation of 100 and 150 GHz were measured, as well as the emitted power and the linewidth at 12 GHz. In some arrays, 30 to 40% of the junctions were phase locked. This indicated that the spread of critical parameters of that fraction of the total junction population did not exceed 10%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cotton Allelochemics and Growth of Tobacco Budworm Larvae<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Eight alleged allelochemics that naturally occur in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., or as a constituent part, were added to a commercial wheat‐germ diet at various concentrations. Neonate larvae of tobacco budworm [ Heliothis virescens (F.)] were allowed to feed for 5 days and then weighed to determine the effects of allelochemics on larval growth. Regression equations were fitted to the data. A linear regression in the form Y = a + bX described the relationship for cyanidin, delphinidin, and gossypol up to 0.20% in the diet. A curvilinear regression equation in the general form of Y = aX b described the relationships for catechin, condensed tannin, chrysanthemin (cyanidin ‐3‐β‐glucoside), isoquercitrin, and quercetin. These were fed at higher levels (up to 1%) than the three allelochemics fitted with the linear regression equation. The level of each allelochemic in cotton required to reduce larval weight 90% is within the range of the amounts found in various cotton strains and primitive accessions. All except gossypol are found in several plant families and may thus be useful in developing plant resistance to tobacco budworm in several plant families. Several species of Heliothis are pests of economic importance worldwide.