gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on intake and apparent digestibility in dogs1 (2004)

Effects of spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on intake and apparent digestibility of major dietary components were determined using 22 adult Beagles. Trials 1 and 2 used six and eight dogs, respectively, in a switchback design using 10-d periods. Trial 3 used eight dogs in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 15-d periods. The final 5 d of each period were used for measurement of intake and fecal collections. In Trial 1, dry extruded dog food kibbles were coated with 5% tallow, 2% commercial flavor, and 0 or 2% SDAP (as-fed basis). In Trial 2, commercially available dry dog food, previously coated with fat and flavor were coated with 0 or 2% SDAP. In Trial 3, SDAP (0, 1, 2, or 3%) was blended with other ingredients and extruded (as-fed basis). Kibbles were subsequently coated with 5% poultry fat and 1% commercial flavor. Intake, fecal consistency, and apparent digestibility of nutrients were determined. Addition of SDAP did not markedly affect chemical composition of diets and did not affect intake. Digestibility of DM was improved (P < 0.04) an average of 3.2% when 2% SDAP was included in the diet for all trials. Organic matter digestibility was improved (P < 0.01) in Trials 2 and 3 by an average of 2.9%. Also, digestibility of crude fiber (Trials 1 and 2) or total dietary fiber (Trial 3) was increased with addition of SDAP to the diet (P < 0.01). Fecal DM excretion was decreased by an average of 15% across all trials with the addition of SDAP. Spray-dried animal plasma was an acceptable ingredient in dry dog food preparations, resulting in improved digestion and decreased fecal output. Changes in digestion that occurred with addition of SDAP suggested alteration in digestive capacity in dogs.
Functional analysis of a 603 nucleotide open reading frame upstream of the polyhedrin gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (1990)

The sequence of the 2000 nucleotides immediately upstream of the polyhedrin gene of the Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been determined. Comparative analysis of the data identified a 603 nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) separated from the polyhedrin gene coding sequences by 156 nucleotides and in the opposite strand of DNA. Northern hybridization analysis of polyadenylated RNA from infected cells highlighted a 3.7 kb species produced maximally at 12 h post-infection, but not in the presence of cycloheximide. Preliminary nuclease S1 analysis of the 5' end of this RNA suggested that it initiated at a position very close to that of the polyhedrin mRNA start site. Deletion of a portion of the ORF 603 from viruses containing the normal polyhedrin gene and the lacZ gene in lieu of polyhedrin did not affect replication in cell culture or the production of beta-galactosidase protein. A virus which lacked the ORF 603 gene but produced polyhedrin had similar infectivity in Trichoplusia ni larvae compared to the wild-type virus. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was also inserted in lieu of the ORF 603 in a virus containing the lacZ gene instead of the polyhedrin (Ac.CAT.lacZ). Analysis of CAT expression revealed that a maximum level was reached at 16 h p.i. and that transcription was initiated in Ac.CAT.lacZ at the same site as for the normal gene.
Calpain‐mediated degradation of p35 to p25 in postmortem human and rat brains (2001)

Tau in Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles has been shown to be hyperphosphorylated and CDK5, GSK3, MAP kinase and SAP kinases are the candidate kinases for the phosphorylation of tau. Recently, it was reported that the conversion of p35, the activator of CDK5, to p25 was upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, and that p35 is cleaved to yield p25 by calpain. Here we show that p35 is rapidly cleaved to p25 in rat and human brains within a short postmortem delay and that the conversion of p35 to p25 is partially dependent on calpain activity. Immunoblot analysis of brains prepared from patients with AD or age-matched control individuals with a short postmortem delay revealed no specific increase in the levels of p25 in AD brains, whereas the levels of active form of calpain were increased in AD brains compared to the those in controls. These observations suggest that the conversion of p35 to p25 is a postmortem degradation event and may not be upregulated in AD brains.
[The role of EGF receptor-dependent e3B1/Abi1 protein as a tumor suppressor protein in malignant tumors]. (2005)

Hungary is among the leading countries in Europe regarding the mortality and incidence of different types of tumours. Therefore, developing effective therapies is especially important in this country. Investigation of tumour formation and progression on the molecular level is required to develop possible therapeutical targets. Such targets can be proteins with tumour suppressor function, which inhibit intracellular signalling processes that under pathophysiological conditions can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour formation. Protein e3B1/Abi-1, which belongs to the family of Abl-interactors, was isolated recently as a possible tumour suppressor. As a partner of Abl kinase, its role has been investigated in the development and progression of some types of leukemias, however, more and more experimental data suggest that it is a general suppressor protein. According to the latest results, e3B1/Abi-1 via the Ras small G-protein has an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and via Rac activation it can affect actin remodelling, cell adhesion and migration. Cell proliferation is important in tumour development, while cell adhesion and migration has a role in metastasis formation. The latest results showed deletion of the gene encoding protein e3B1/Abi-1 in prostate cancer, loss of its expression during the progression of some types of leukemias, and there are data on the effect of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec or outside USA Glivec, Novartis), one of the newest drugs in leukemia treatment, on the phosphorylation of e3B1/Abi-1 as well. This report summarizes the data published on protein e3B1/Abi-1, with special interest in practical implications.
Electrodeposition of Permalloy in Deep Silicon Trenches Without Edge-Overgrowth Utilizing Dry Film Photoresist (2009)

An electrodeposition process for embedding NiFe alloys in deep silicon trenches (100 mum) without edge-overgrowth was developed by utilizing dry film photoresist as a sacrificial trench top. The dry film photoresist prevented high concentration of current flux at the trench edges during electrodeposition leading to planar deposition topographies. In addition, the effect of the applied current density on material composition of the electrodeposited NiFe film was investigated, and the composition for permalloy (Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> ) was obtained with a current density of 100 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Furthermore, the B-H response of the electrodeposited permalloy films exhibited a saturation magnetic flux density and relative permeability of 1.23 Tesla and 82, respectively. The electrodeposition technique developed in this work was utilized to fabricate a free-standing MEMS electromagnetic linear actuator composed of silicon and permalloy structures.
Simultaneous three wavelength imaging with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (1999)

A multi-channel SLO combines the advantageous imaging properties of a tunable, monochrome SLO with the benefits and convenience of colour ophthalmoscopy. The options to modify parameters such as wavelength, intensity, gain, beam profile, aperture sizes, independently for every channel assign a high degree of versatility to the system.
The EU's Central Asia Policy and its Implications for China (2008)

This Discussion Paper complements past and current research conducted at the German Development Institute on German and European policies towards selected regions of the developing world, such as Central Asia
Study on distributed complex event processing in Internet of Things based on query plan (2015)

Complex event processing is an efficient method in data stream processing of Internet of things, but more of these methods are referred to a single complex event or a small quantity of events. Aiming at this problem, a distributed complex event processing architecture for Internet of things is presented in this paper, in which a distributed query plan of complex event process structure based on directed acyclic graph (DAG) is given, moreover, a distributed query-plan complex-event-processing algorithm based on directed acyclic graph is proposed. The complex tasks are decomposed into several simple sub-tasks which are processed in parallel with the corresponding operator nodes, to realize distributed processing and to improve the efficiency of processing and execution. The simulation results indicate that our method is more efficient in lower RAM consumption, processing time, and others, and the efficiency of data stream processing for Internet of things is improved.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015 (2015)

There is worldwide epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a clinical entity related to metabolic syndrome. Majority of the patients are obese but the disease can affect non-obese individuals as well. Metabolic factors and genetics play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The spectrum of disorders included in NAFLD are benign macrovesicular hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the disease remains asymptomatic most of the time, it can slowly progress to end stage liver disease. It will be the most common indication of liver transplantation in the future. It is diagnosed by abnormal liver chemistry, imaging studies and liver biopsy. As there are risks of potential complications during liver biopsy, many patients do not opt for liver biopsy. There are some noninvasive scoring systems to find out whether patients have advanced hepatic fibrosis. At the present time, there are limited treatment options which include lifestyle modification to loose weight, vitamin E and thioglitazones. Different therapeutic agents are being investigated for optimal management of this entity. There are some studies done on incretin based therapies in patients with NAFLD. Other potential agents will be silent information regulator protein Sirtuin and antifibrotic monoclonal antibody Simtuzumab against lysyl oxidase like molecule 2. But they are still in the investigational phase.
An application of Iterated Local Search to Graph Coloring (2002)

Graph coloring is a well known problem from graph theory that, when solving it with local search algorithms, is typically treated as a series of constraint satisfaction problems: for a given number of colors k, one has to find a feasible coloring; once such a coloring is found, the number of colors is decreased and the local search starts again. In this article we explore the application of Iterated Local Search to the graph coloring problem. Iterated Local Search is a simple, yet powerful, metaheuristic that has shown very good results for a variety of optimization problems. In our research we investigate di#erent perturbation schemes and present computational results on some hard instances from the DIMACS benchmark suite.
Fiber‐tunable dilute‐nitride VCSEL (2005)

We report the single-mode operation and characterization of a 1.3-µm hybrid-fiber-tunable GaInNAs VCSEL. Results show that at room-temperature the device can be continuously tuned over 18.5-nm with output power up to 0.23-mW. Coupled-cavity effects were found to be a limiting factor for the tuning range. This device not only opens up potential applications in the physics of light-matter interaction, sensing and optical communications where it will, eventually, compete with InP-based VCSEL, but it is also a first step toward a tunable dilute-nitride vertical-cavity amplifier. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamics of the Early Immune Cellular Reactions after Myogenic Cell Transplantation (2002)

The role of immune cells in the early donor cell death/survival following myoblast transplantation is confusing, one of the reasons being the lack of data about the immune reactions following cell transplantation. We used outbred mice as hosts for transplantation of primary cultured muscle cells and T-antigen-immortalized myoblasts. The host muscles were analyzed 1 h to 7 days after cell injection. No net loss of the donor primary cultured cell population was observed in this period. The immune cellular reaction in this case was: 1) a brief (<48 h) neutrophil invasion; 2) macrophage infiltration from days 1 to 7; 3) a specific response involving CTL and few NK cells (days 6 and 7), preceded by a low CD4+ cell infiltration starting at day 3. In contrast, donor-immortalized myoblasts completely disappeared during the 7-day follow-up. In this case, an intense infiltration of CTL and macrophages, with moderate CD4+ infiltration and lower amounts of NK cells, was observed starting at day 2. The nonspecific immune response at days 0 and 1 was similar for both types of donor cells. The present observations set a basis to interpret the role of immune cells on the early death/survival of donor cells following myoblast transplantation.
Recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐induced thrombocytopenia in dogs (2003)

To characterize recombinant human macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhM-CSF)-associated thrombocytopenia (TCP), in vivo studies were performed in dogs, including the biodistributions and recoveries of radiolabelled autologous and allogeneic platelets. rhM-CSF induced a reversible, dose-dependent decrease in platelet counts. The number of megakaryocytes in spleen and marrow of rhM-CSF-treated dogs was increased two to threefold. Recoveries of allogeneic platelets transfused from rhM-CSF-treated donors into tolerized recipients (n = 3) were not significantly different from allogeneic baseline studies (93 +/- 10% of baseline values at 24 h and 90 +/- 1% at 40 h), whereas autologous platelets infused back into rhM-CSF-treated donors had decreased recoveries (45 +/- 2% of baseline values at 24 h, P = 0.03 and 20 +/- 4% at 40 h, P = 0.001). Platelet biodistribution studies showed increased accumulation of radiolabelled platelets over the spleens and livers of rhM-CSF-treated dogs. Histochemistry showed increased levels of platelet-specific antigen (CD41; glycoprotein IIb) associated with Kupffer cells. The sensitivity of platelets from rhM-CSF-treated dogs to activation from thrombin, as measured by expression of P-selectin (CD62P), was not significantly different when compared with baseline studies (P = 0.18; n = 4). These results support the concept that rhM-CSF induces an activation of the monocyte-macrophage system (MMS), which causes a reversible TCP in a dog model.
Pore-Size Dependence of Fluid Phase Behavior and Properties in Organic-Rich Shale Reservoirs (2013)

Abstract Because of commodity pricing, the production from organic rich shales such as Barnett, Woodford, Eagle Ford and Marcellus has shifted significantly away from the dry natural gas window into the more profitable condensate and liquid hydrocarbon (oil) windows. The current production practices, however, are based mainly on field experience of the operators and far from being a methodological approach for an optimized production. This is mainly due to the fact that our understanding of condensation, capillarity and multi-phase flow dynamics in shale reservoirs is at an infancy stage. It is currently not known, for example, if and where the condensation takes place in the reservoir, and what is the impact of the shale matrix on the this phenomenon. In this paper we argue that answering these questions using conventional laboratory measurement techniques is a difficult task because the fluid properties and the phase behavior of the hydrocarbons could be influenced by the nanoporous nature of these rocks. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to investigate pure hydrocarbon vapor-liquid coexistence and critical properties under confinement. The results show a pore size dependence of these thermo-physical properties. Phase diagrams generated using ternary (C1, C4, and C8) mixtures under reservoir conditions show a two-phase envelop shift due to pore size dependence. We show the importance of the results performing a shale gas in-place calculation using Ambrose's equation where the equation of state parameters, z-factor, gas formation volume factor, and adsorbed-phase density values are all adjusted for a range of effective pore size. The corrections on the free and the sorbed gas in-place estimates are significant. Furthermore, we predicted reserves from wet gas, condensate, and volatile oil reservoirs using compositional flow simulation. It is shown that the liquid production from nanoporous rocks is enhanced due to a significant decrease in the bubble point and dew point pressures.
Coherent and noncoherent methods in Doppler optical beat velocity measurement (1972)

In arrangements for measuring velocity by the optical beating of Doppler shifted scattered light, a distinction is made between two modes of operation. This is illustrated by a detailed calculation based on the fringe or differential Doppler arrangement. The signals obtained may be considered as arising from two terms: one due to the coherent beating of light scattered from different particles and another, termed noncoherent, resulting from light scattered from one particle only. Signal-to-noise ratios are calculated as functions of the detector aperture and the effective number of particles in the scattering volume, and compared with the reference beam technique. For the coherent signal, the useful detector aperture is limited by the coherence condition. The noncoherent signal is proportional to the detector aperture but depends not only upon the intensity of scattered light but also on the effective number of particles in the illuminated volume. If the number of particles is small, the best signals are generally obtained by the use of the noncoherent mode. In most other circumstances, the use of a reference beam is an advantage.
Application of Selected-Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry to the Real-Time Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide (2005)

A fast, efficient, real-time method for the quantitative analysis of the peroxide explosive, TATP, is described. The method utilizes rapid ion-molecule reactions of chemical reagent ions with the vapor above solid TATP. The reactions of three reagent ions (H3O+, O2+, NO+) were examined. Although all three ions exhibited a near-collision-rate reaction with TATP, only NO+ showed product ions that provide unequivocal evidence for a TATP-based explosive. The limit of detection of TATP in the gas phase is 10 ppb (4 x 10(-10) mol L(-1)).
Local Production and Provision of Ready-To-Use Therapeutic Food (Rutf) Spread for the Treatment of Severe Childhood Malnutrition (2006)

RUTF spread can be safely and easily produced in small or large quantities in most settings worldwide. The local availability of the necessary ingredients limits its use in some settings, and further investigation of alternative ingredients is needed to overcome this limitation.
Novel method for implementation of certain key management schemes to minimize secret storage (2005)

The problem of minimizing the amount of secret information (secret bits) required for certain key management schemes related to data access control techniques is addressed. Particularly note that the importance of the secret storage minimization originates from the fact that this storage should be read-proof and tamper-proof one. This paper points out to a novel approach for minimization of the secret storage dimension and compare this approach with a straightforward one based on establishing a virtual secret storage employing data encryption. The novel approach yields: (i) provable security; (ii) it is not based on storing the encrypted data into a public storage, and (iii) it requires lower processing complexity. The proposed approach yields the secret storage minimization via exchange of a secret storage to a public one based on the efficient one-way mapping of the secret bits yielding significant additional flexibility and reduction of the secret storage overhead at the user's side as an appropriate trade-off with the required public storage and processing complexity. The overheads of the proposed technique are compared with the related previously reported ones, and advantages of the novel approach are pointed out.
Novel Therapeutics for the Treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever: From Colchicine to Biologics (2013)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), an inherited autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by sporadic, paroxysmal attacks of fever and serosal inflammation, lasting 1–3 days. Patients may develop renal amyloidosis, arthritis, serositis, and skin and oral lesions. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, response to treatment with colchicine, and genetic analysis. Colchicine prevents attacks and renal amyloidosis, in addition to reversing proteinuria. Nonresponders may receive novel therapy, including interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonists and IL-1 decoy receptor. Recently, new options have been considered. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 95 1, 89–97 advance online publication 2 October 2013. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.148
Genes Associated With Breast Cancer Metastatic to Bone (2006)

Our study identifies a panel of genes relevant to bone metastasis in breast cancer. The subsequently developed classifier of tumors relapsing to bone could, after thorough confirmation on an extended number of independent samples, and in combination with our previously developed high-risk profile, provide a diagnostic tool for the recommendation of adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy in addition to endocrine therapy or chemotherapy.
Optimum Single-Sample Inspection Plans for Products Sold Under Free and Rebate Warranty (1987)

Three types of warranty polities are considered: 1) a free-warranty policy for repairable products, 2) a free-warranty policy for non-repairable products, and 3) a rebate-warranty policy for non-repairable products. Under each warranty policy, a single-sample attribute plan with non-destructive testing is considered. A proposition is provided to determine an optimum sampling plan under each warranty policy, which minimizes the sum of the average warranty cost and average quality control cost within the assigned producer and consumer risks.
Investigations on double-diffused MOS (DMOS) transistors under ESD zap conditions (2003)

In this paper we analyzed, through experiments and 2D simulations, the behaviour under high reverse voltages of a DMOS transistor. It turned out that the drift diffusion region (resistor) between the drain contact and p-diffusion region (PI) plays an important role both in the switching-on of the parasitic bipolar structure and in the failure mechanism.