gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Low-Complexity Scalable Shared-Memory Architectures (2006)

Plentiful research has addressed low-complexity software-based shared-memory systems since the idea was first introduced more than two decades ago. However, software-coherent systems have not been very successful in the commercial marketplace. We believe there are two main reasons for this: lack of performance and/or lack of binary compatibility. This thesis studies multiple aspects of how to design future binary-compatible high-performance scalable shared-memory servers while keeping the hardware complexity at a minimum. It starts with a software-based distributed shared-memory system relying on no specific hardware support and gradually moves towards architectures with simple hardware support. The evaluation is made in a modern chip-multiprocessor environment with both high-performance compute workloads and commercial applications. It shows that implementing the coherence-violation detection in hardware while solving the interchip coherence in software allows for high-performing binary-compatible systems with very low hardware complexity. Our second-generation hardware-software hybrid performs on par with, and often better than, traditional hardware-only designs. Based on our results, we conclude that it is not only possible to design simple systems while maintaining performance and the binary-compatibility envelope, it is often possible to get better performance than in traditional and more complex designs. We also explore two new techniques for evaluating a new shared-memory design throughout this work: adjustable simulation fidelity and statistical multiprocessor cache modeling.
RADIATIVE SIGNALS FROM IMPACT OF SHOEMAKER-LEVY ON JUPITER; (1994)

The temperature and internal energy fields calculated by Takata et al. in the plume are used to calculate the greybody thermal radiation emitted versus wavelength to predict what might be observed by several spectral sensors operating from different platforms when fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL-9) impact Jupiter in July 1994. A SPH code was used by Takata et al. to calculate the full three dimensional flow and thermodynamic fields in the comet fragment and the atmosphere of Jupiter. We determined the fragment penetration depth, energy partitioning between the atmosphere and the impactor, and energy density deposited per unit length over the trajectory. Once the impactor had disintegrated and stopped, and the strong atmospheric shock decayed, the flow is driven by buoyancy effects. We then used our SPH code to calculate the flow and thermodynamic fields: pressure, article velocity, temperature, and internal energy distributions in the plume. The calculations for 2 and 10 km cometary fragments yield maximum deposition depths of approximately 175 and 525 km, respectively (1 bar = 0 km depth). We also calculated that 0.7 and 0.6 of the initial kinetic energy of the 10 and 2 km bolides, respectively, are deposited as internal energy in Jupiter's atmosphere.
Physics of Nanomechanical Spectrometry of Viruses (2014)

There is an emerging need of nanotools able to quantify the mechanical properties of single biological entities. A promising approach is the measurement of the shifts of the resonant frequencies of ultrathin cantilevers induced by the adsorption of the studied biological systems. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis to calculate the resonance frequency shift induced by the mechanical stiffness of viral nanotubes. The model accounts for the high surface-to-volume ratio featured by single biological entities, the shape anisotropy and the interfacial adhesion. The model is applied to the case in which tobacco mosaic virus is randomly delivered to a silicon nitride cantilever. The theoretical framework opens the door to a novel paradigm for biological spectrometry as well as for measuring the Young's modulus of biological systems with minimal strains.
Customer demand satisfaction in production systems: a due-time performance approach (2002)

The problem of customer demand satisfaction in production systems with unreliable machines and finite finished goods buffers is addressed. The measure of customer demand satisfaction, referred to as the due-time performance (DTP), is characterized by the probability to ship to the customer a required number of parts during a fixed time interval. A method for DTP calculation is developed and applied within a case study.
Influence of Nickel Plating Uuderlayer Deposition Conditions on Bending Characteristics of Palladium Plating Leadframe. (1998)

In the palladium plating leadframe, nickel and palladium are plated over the whole surface including outerleads in the leadframe manufacturing process. Users have pointed out plating film cracks after bending of outerleads. The most thickness of the plating film is nickel.We changed nickel plating conditions and studied the influence on plating film cracks, with the following results: (1) Nickel plating film from a sulfamate bath produces fewer cracks than that from a Watt's bath and is suitable for the underlayer of palladium plating film. (2) Internal stress in nickel plating film rises abruptly when the sulfamate bath pH exceeds 5.0. Even then, cracks did not grow larger, indicating no correlation between internal stress and crack extent. (3) Plating conditions should be monitored to maintain plating thickness because current efficiency changes with plating conditions. Their influence on cracks is small.
Radiographic Detection of Strut Separations in Björk–Shiley Convexo-Concave Mitral Valves (1995)

Cineradiographic imaging can detect some single-leg separations in mitral convexo-concave valves and may help the estimated 41,000 patients with these valves worldwide and their physicians decide about elective valve removal.
The Ultra-Zener . . . is it a portable replacement for the Weston cell? (1990)

Twenty-four samples of the so-called Ultra-Zener, an integrated circuit containing a buried Zener junction, type no LTZ 1000, have been tested since March 1988. To measure the promised low rate of change of voltage with time (aging), a voltage measuring system with a resolution of 0.1 mu V at the 7 V level has been developed and is described. Preliminary results are that half of the samples have an aging rate of less than1.5 PPM/year from about two months after being assembled onto their circuit boards. Both intermittent operation and setting a lower chip temperature have been found to reduce the aging rate. The standard deviation of a set of 24 readings of the Zener voltage over half a minute is typically 0.05 PPM (0.3 mu V on a 7 V level). For a 'serious' voltage standard, a 1 PPM/year aging rate has been stated to be a desirable maximum level. This is attainable with the Ultra-Zener. In addition, its low noise, excellent portability and good electrical robustness make it a replacement for a standard cell bank as a voltage transfer standard.
A case study on digital communication systems (1990)

In the following sections of this chapter, the application of some of these techniques are discussed. The treatment given to all of the topics, particularly those areas concerned with the propagation aspects, is necessarily brief, however more detailed information may be obtained from the various references.
Construction of a Device to Identify and Count Insects1Automatically (1973)

Assessment of the population dynamics of an agro-ecosystem has been universally hampered by the arduous tasks of counting and classifying insects. A machine has been constructed to classify automatically field-gathered samples, using pattern-recognition techniques.
Bacterial tissue tropism: an in vitro model for infective endocarditis (1987)

Since infective endocarditis may affect individuals without pre-existing valvar heart disease, and Staphylococcus aureus is the organism most commonly involved, the binding characteristics of S aureus to several components of normal vascular endothelium and subendothelium were studied. S aureus adhered specifically to endothelial monolayers (6.08(1.10)%; p less than 0.005), fibronectin (5.43(0.81)%; p less than 0.001), fibrinogen (7.13(1.43)%; p less than 0.001), and acid soluble calf skin collagen (2.38(0.90)%; p less than 0.001). S aureus also adhered specifically to Von Willebrand factor (1.62(0.28)%, p less than 0.001). Protein A containing (Cowan I) and deficient (Wood) strains of S aureus adhered similarly to all surfaces and substrates (NS). Escherichia coli adhered poorly. Immunofluorescence microscopy of preconfluent endothelial cells identified an extensive pericellular fibronectin network at regions of cell to cell contact. Light microscopy showed S aureus binding solely within these regions. Therefore, the ability of S aureus to infect valvar endothelium may be dependent on the presence of a fibronectin receptor. The existence of specific receptor for S aureus on the endothelial cell surface itself remains undetermined.
Septohippocampal cholinergic neurons are regulated trans-synaptically by endorphin and corticotropin neuropeptides (1982)

The content of acetylcholine (ACh) in nerve terminals or the dorsal hippocampus was examined after intraventricular, intraseptal, or intrahippocampal administration of a variety of endorphin/corticotropin neuropeptides. beta-Lipotropin, alpha-endorphin, gamma-endorphin, alpha-melanotropin, beta-melanotropin, adrenocorticotropin-1-39 (ACTH1-39), and ACTH4-10 (1, 3, 10, or 30 micrograms each) did not affect levels of ACh in the hippocampus 30 min after injection into the lateral ventricle. beta-Endorphin, administered intraventricularly (1, 3, 10, or 30 micrograms) or intraseptally (1 microgram), increased levels of ACh, while ACTH1-24, injected similarly, decreased levels of the neurotransmitter. ACh concentrations remained unchanged after direct application of beta-endorphin or ACTH1-24 (1, 3, 10, of 30 micrograms each) into Ammon's horn. Acute unilateral transection of the fimbria/superior fornix resulted in a time-related decrease in hippocampal ACh concentrations. Levels of ACh did not change 1 hr after transection; however, concentrations of hippocampal ACh decreased significantly 1 d or 1 week after deafferentation. ACh levels in the contralateral hippocampus remained unaffected at all times tested. Fimbrial transection blocked fully both endorphin- and corticotropin-induced changes in hippocampal ACh after the neuropeptides were injected into the lateral ventricle or the septal region. Naloxone, which, after subcutaneous (1 mg/kg) or intraventricular (100 micrograms) injection alone, failed to change levels of hippocampal ACh, antagonized the effects of intraventricular or intraseptal beta-endorphin or ACTH1-24 or hippocampal ACh levels. The results suggest a site of endorphin/corticotropin receptor interaction at the level of cholinergic cell bodies in the septal region for regulating the activity of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons.
Teratozoospermia and its effect on male fertility potential (1999)

Teratozoospermia and its significance for male fertility problems is discussed. Different points of view and available information concerning the phenomenon of teratozoospermia have been presented. Ongoing debate about the influence of sperm morphology on male infertility and IVF results emphasizes the fact that when sperm morphology is evaluated using strict criteria, this parameter is thought to have an excellent predictive value and shows a significant positive correlation with successful fertilization. Selective abilities of zona pellucida to differentiate between morphologically normal and abnormal spermatozoa, the superior role of acrosomal morphology assessment in the prediction of IVF outcome, and the involvement of cell surface molecules in the adhesion of spermatozoa to oocytes are described. The usefulness of the hamster oocyte penetration assay (HOPA), which is important not only because of its predictive value of sperm function, but also because of its role as a tool for visualizing sperm chromosomes, was found to be questionable in cases of teratozoospermia. Cytogenetic findings related to teratozoospermia are controversial as classical methodology of visualizing sperm chromosomes (through HOPA) may cause selection of sperm metaphases which can be obtained only from good-penetrating spermatozoa. There are few reports presenting chromosome complements of abnormal sperm visualized with the help of micromanipulation. There is clear evidence that a variety of genetic defects can affect spermatogenesis. The possible genetic background of teratozoospermia is discussed.
Sulfentrazone plus a Low Rate of Halosulfuron for Weed Control in White Bean (&lt;i&gt;Phaseolus vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; L.) (2017)

Halosulfuron was recently registered as the second soil-applied herbicide for broadleaf weed control in Ontario dry beans, but does not provide an alternative mode of action. Sulfentrazone is used to control broadleaf weeds in soybean and other pulse crops, and its registration for Ontario dry beans would provide a different mode of action for broadleaf weed control. Five field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine if the spectrum of broadleaf weed control is improved by adding a half-rate of halosulfuron to sulfentrazone PRE, and to determine the tolerance of white bean to sulfentrazone (140 or 210 g ai ha-1), s-metolachlor (1050 g ai ha-1), and halosulfuron (17.5 g ai ha-1) applied alone and in combination. Crop injury was assessed at 2 and 4 weeks after crop emergence. Weed control was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks after herbicide application (WAA), and weed density and biomass were determined at 8 WAA. Seed moisture and yield were determined at harvest. Halosulfuron added to sulfentrazone improved the control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sinapis arvensis. Sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor + halosulfuron caused up to 23% crop injury. Therefore, this study concludes that sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor + halosulfuron provides broad spectrum weed control, but is too injurious to white bean for registration in Ontario.
Secondary metabolites of<i>Fusarium venenatum</i>strains with deletions in the<i>Tri5</i>gene encoding trichodiene synthetase (2000)

We studied the secondary metabolites of a number of strains of F. venenatum, some of which had the gene for trichodiene synthetase deleted. Under optimum fermentation conditions, wild type isolates produced the trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol and related metabolites, isotrichodermin and isotricodermol, the modified trichothecenes sambucinol and apotrichothecene, the sesquiterpenes culmorin and culmorone and derivatives and trace amounts of the cyclic peptide enniatin B. These results are compared to metabolite production by other members of the section Discolor. Strains without trichodiene synthetase produced no trichothecenes or modified trichothecenes. In these strains, production of culmorin family compounds was greatly attenuated despite the elimination of an acetate-derived biosynthetic pathway. This was contrary to expectations. No other metabolites were produced by these strains evidenced by chemical or cytotoxicity analyses of fractionated extracts.
Preparation and optical properties of the co-doped ZnTe single crystals (2007)

The ZnTe:Co single crystals are obtained by diffusion Co-doping. The spectra of optical density in the range of 2.4–0.38 eV are investigated. It is found that Co-doping of the crystals shifts the absorption edge to the low-energy region. The similarity of optical absorption spectra of the ZnTe:Co and ZnS:Co crystals is established. The observed absorption lines of ZnTe:Co are attributed to the optical transitions of electrons from the level of the ground state 4 A 2(F) of the Co2+ ion to the levels of excited states 4 T 1(P), 4 T 1(F), and 4 T 2(F) split by the spin-orbit interaction.
A new compact neuron-bipolar junction transistor (νBJT) cellular neural network (CNN) structure with programmable large neighborhood symmetric templates for image processing (2001)

Based on the basic device physics of the neuron-bipolar junction transistor (/spl nu/BJT), a new compact cellular neural network (CNN) structure called the /spl nu/BJT CNN is proposed and analyzed. In the /spl nu/BJT CNN, both /spl nu/BJT and lambda bipolar transistor realized by parasitic p-n-p BJTs in the CMOS process are used to implement the neuron whereas the coupling MOS resistors are used to realize the symmetric synapse weights among various neurons. Thus it has the advantages of small chip area and high integration capability. Moreover, the proposed symmetric /spl nu/BJT CNN can be easily designed to achieve large neighborhood without extra interconnection. By adding a metal-layer optical window to the /spl nu/BJT, the /spl nu/BJT can be served as the phototransistor, and the /spl nu/BJT CNN can receive optical images as initial state inputs or external inputs. The correct functions of the /spl nu/BJT CNNs in noise removal, hole filling, and erosion have been successfully verified in HSPICE simulation. An experimental chip containing a 32/spl times/32 /spl nu/BJT CNN and a 16 /spl times/16 /spl nu/BJT CNN with phototransistor design, has been designed and fabricated in 0.6-/spl mu/m single-poly triple-metal n-well CMOS technology. The fabricated chips have the cell state transition time of 0.8 /spl mu/s and the static power consumption of 60 /spl mu/W/cell. The area density can be as high as 1270 cells/mm/sup 2/. The measurement results have also confirmed the correct functions of the proposed /spl nu/BJT CNNs.
TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins. (1990)

A murine monoclonal antibody was identified by its ability to induce a reversible antiproliferative effect on a human lymphoma cell line. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the antibody reacted with a 26-kilodalton cell surface protein (TAPA-1). A diverse group of human cell lines, including hematolymphoid, neuroectodermal, and mesenchymal cells, expressed the TAPA-1 protein. Many of the lymphoid cell lines, in particular those derived from large cell lymphomas, were susceptible to the antiproliferative effects of the antibody. TAPA-1 may therefore play an important role in the regulation of lymphoma cell growth. A cDNA clone coding for TAPA-1 was isolated by using the monoclonal antibody to screen an expression library in COS cells. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the protein is highly hydrophobic and that it contains four putative transmembrane domains and a potential N-myristoylation site. TAPA-1 showed strong homology with the CD37 leukocyte antigen and with the ME491 melanoma-associated antigen, both of which have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth.
The Schumpeterian Gap and Muslim Economic Thought (1999)

Contemporary analytical economists normally date their origins from the late eighteenth century. We argue herein that a pseudo-scientificity (which omits normative information), combined with an overriding ethnocentrism, tends to lead the disciplinary agents of economics to ignore much economic thought outside the American-British-Continental axis. The argument is developed beginning with Joseph A. Schumpeter’s classic, The History of Economic Analysis, which set what appears to have remained a trend in history of economic thought and analysis texts, by ignoring Arab/Islamic scholars. At present, entire economies are organised, more or less, on Islamic principles. Islam is explicitly concerned with material life and provides numerous guidelines for the conduct of economic affairs for millions of people. While it is not the aim of this paper to examine the methodological or epistemological content of these principles, we argue that, at the very least, the history of economic thought should incorporate the work of Arab/Islamic thinkers. The material foundation of Islam cannot be understood by students of a discipline which continues to promote a positivist, Cartesian, mathematical formalism, at the expense of understanding its contextual origins. The economies in which hundreds of millions of people live, work and produce, are being guided, for better or worse, by the epistemological premises of Islam. Until these premises are comprehended, and then critically evaluated, economists educated in the industrial west continue to marginalise themselves and their students in a manner which is no longer excusable.
Ibm websphere v4.0 advanced edition handbook (2002)

Exploring WebSphere V4.0's new features, including J2EE support Installing WebSphere V4.0 using popular platforms and topologies Mastering WebSphere V4.0 administration and application deployment This redbook explores in detail IBM's flagship application server offering, the IBM WebSphere Application Server V4.0, Advanced Edition. The topics covered include: Introduction to WebSphere Application Server V4.0 and J2EE enterprise applications. WebSphere V4.0 architecture and topology alternatives, Web services, and J2EE security. WebSphere V4.0 installation planning and installation steps on Windows, AIX, Solaris, and Linux platforms for commonly used topologies. WebSphere Administrative Console configuration tasks, including examples of how to package and deploy your J2EE enterprise applications. Advanced administrative tasks, including monitoring and tuning your environment, command-line administration, troubleshooting, and migration. This redbook is a practical reference intended for system administrators, developers, and architects who need to implement the WebSphere V4.0 runtime environment, to package and deploy Web applications, and to perform ongoing management of the WebSphere environment.
The Use of Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents During and After Hip Arthroplasty (1999)

An intravenous antibiotic, administered just before skin incision, effectively reduces the prevalence of deep wound infection. The optimal antimicrobial agent has not been determined definitively; however, a short duration of prophylaxis is recommended. Institutional compliance strategies are cost-effective and improve the timing of antibiotic administration. Also, published antimicrobial restriction recommendations are warranted because of the concern of emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Specifically, restriction of vancomycin in orthopaedic surgery should be targeted critically. Supplemental antibiotic administration includes additional intra-operative antibiotic dosing, use of antibiotic-irrigant solutions, and admixture of antibiotics into acrylic bone cement or bone graft. There are no established standards or clinical guidelines for these supplemental antibiotic applications. Post-operatively, antimicrobial agents frequently are overused for various clinical scenarios and this pattern of antibiotic usage is potentially detrimental. A prophylaxis strategy for prevention of early and late hematogenous infection requires consideration of host risk factors, wound environment variables, and sources of potential bacteremia. This strategy should include deliberation of the cost-effectiveness, efficacy, and complications associated with routine use of antibiotics. Advisory statements for elective procedures, which potentially may cause bacteremia, are being developed and additional research is required for this area of antimicrobial agent prophylaxis.
Optimization of Heat Sink–Limited Thermoelectric Generators (2006)

Many recent advances in thermoelectrics have focused on the nanoscale engineering of materials for higher figure of merit (Z). A thermoelectric generator using these thin-film materials can present new challenges due to its inherently large temperature gradient, but also correspondingly larger generated power if the heat can be managed. In such cases performance is expected to be limited as much by the heat sink as by intrinsic material properties. New criteria for optimizing the generated power density of devices in this regime are discussed here The effects of future material improvements on performance are studied, with the surprising result that optimizing material Z is not the best strategy for optimizing efficiency or power in this regime. The theory is tested with a numerical solution of the Onsager relations.