gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular responses to Pyrularia thionin are mediated by Ca2+ influx and phospholipase A2 activation and are inhibited by thionin tyrosine iodination. (1989)

Pyrularia thionin, isolated from nuts of Pyrularia pubera, is a strongly basic peptide of 47 amino acids. The amino acid sequence and configuration of its four disulfide bonds place this plant peptide, known to be hemolytic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic, among the thionins. We report and compare several cellular responses mediated by Pyrularia thionin: hemolysis of human erythrocytes, activation of an endogenous phospholipase A2 in Swiss 3T3 cells, cytotoxicity toward HeLa and mouse B16 melanoma cells in culture, viability of rat hepatocytes and lymphocytes measured by trypan blue exclusion, and lethality in mice. Cellular responses related to ion movement include a toxin-mediated influx of Ca2+ into mouse P388 cells measured by Fura-2 fluorescence, depolarization of mouse P388 plasma membrane measured by fluorescence of bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol (bisoxonol), and depolarization of frog (Rana pipiens) sartorius muscle determined by direct measurement of membrane potential. Graded iodination of Pyrularia thionin leads to a related loss of activity for hemolysis, phospholipase A2 activation, cytotoxicity, and lethality in mice. The mediated Ca2+ influx into and depolarization of P388 cells require Ca2+ in the external medium and are inhibited by 100 microM Ni2+. Depolarization of sartorius muscle by Pyrularia thionin also requires a functional Ca2+ channel, as shown by verapamil inhibition. This muscle depolarization also involves phospholipase A2 activation because dexamethasone and quinacrin, but not indomethacin, protect against depolarization. The IC50 values for viability of rat hepatocytes and splenic lymphocytes measured by trypan blue exclusion were 0.17 and 40 microM, respectively. The general response of cells to Pyrularia thionin involves a membrane alteration leading to depolarization and a channel-mediated influx of Ca2+. There is a related activation of phospholipase A2 that results in loss of membrane integrity, hemolysis in the case of erythrocytes, and eventually cell death. Iodination of Pyrularia thionin leads to a corresponding inhibition of all three cellular responses, which indicates an essential role for tyrosine in either maintenance of peptide structure or interaction of the peptide with cellular membranes.
A role for the VLA‐4 integrin in the activation of human memory B cells (1997)

It is generally recognized that activation through membrane effector molecules such as CD40 or the B cell receptor (BCR) is mandatory to allow B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody (Ab)-secreting cells in response to cytokines. We show here that purified tonsillar B cells can be stimulated directly by a cytokine combination to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulins when cultures are performed at high cell density. The contact-mediated activation of B cells in this experimental system is strongly inhibited both by anti-very late antigen (VLA)-4 monoclonal Ab and by a peptide containing the LDV sequence specifically recognized by the alpha 4 integrin binding site. These reagents also significantly suppressed the B cell responses elicited by engagement of the BCR or CD40. Our data reveal that memory B cells but not virgin or germinal center B cells are sensitive to the direct stimulatory effect of cytokines in high-density cultures. Finally, we found that the dual expression of the alpha and beta chains of VLA-4 is a distinctive feature of the memory B cell population. Collectively, our findings support the notion that VLA-4-dependent homotypic B cell interactions can mediate a co-stimulatory signal to human memory B cells and might participate in the B cell activation triggered through the BCR and CD40.
Optical Aberrations Caused by Coherent Structures in a Subsonic, Compressible, Turbulent Boundary Layer (2022)

The relationship between optical aberrations and coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer is investigated in a series of experiments. A statistical model is derived using the 'extended' Strong Reynolds Analogy that allows the total temperature to vary and also presumes pressure fluctuations in the boundary layer are negligible compared to temperature fluctuations. This model is compared to experimental results taken of a moderately heated and cooled boundary layer. The effect of elevation angle on the amount of optical aberration is also investigated and discussed in relation to coherent structures. Two-dimensional wavefronts through a single boundary layer are presented along with average correlation length results. The distribution in time of the optical aberrations is analyzed and considered in terms of communication applications. This work concludes with a discussion of coherent vortical structures and how they are related to optical aberrations, and the relative contribution of pressure and temperature fluctuations to wavefront distortions.
Laser-induced fluorescence microscopy of normal colon and dysplasia in colonic adenomas: implications for spectroscopic diagnosis. (1995)

Laser-induced fluorescence in normal colon and colonic adenomas correlates with morphology. Previous reported differences in laser-induced fluorescence emission spectra of normal colon and colonic adenomas obtained in vitro and in vivo may be due to differences in the cytoplasmic fluorescence between the dysplastic epithelium in colonic adenomas and normal colonic epithelium. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful in studying other forms of epithelial dysplasia such as that which occurs in ulcerative colitis.
Antimetastatic Effect of Salvicine on Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-435 Orthotopic Xenograft Is Closely Related to Rho-Dependent Pathway (2005)

The unique antimetastatic action of salvicine, particularly its specific modulation of cell motility in vivo and in vitro, is closely related to Rho-dependent signaling pathway.
Binding and p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Modulation of a Polycyclic Substrate Analogue in a Type II Polyketide Acyl Carrier Protein (2011)

Type II polyketide synthases are biosynthetic enzymatic pathways responsible for the production of complex aromatic natural products with important biological activities. In these systems, biosynthetic intermediates are covalently bound to a small acyl carrier protein that associates with the synthase enzymes and delivers the bound intermediate to each active site. In the closely related fatty acid synthases of bacteria and plants, the acyl carrier protein acts to sequester and protect attached intermediates within its helices. Here we investigate the type II polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein from the actinorhodin biosynthetic pathway and demonstrate its ability to internalize the tricyclic, polar molecule emodic acid. Elucidating the interaction of acyl carrier proteins with bound analogues resembling late-stage intermediates in the actinorhodin pathway could prove valuable in efforts to engineer these systems toward rational design and biosynthesis of novel compounds.
Screening and identification of interactive proteins of SH2D4A (2010)

SH2D4A is a member of SH2 signaling protein family, which is involved in the signal transduction mediated by protein tyrosine kinase-related receptor, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and thereby affects the development of human disorders. To determine the role of SH2D4A in the cell signal transduction pathway, SH2D4A interactive proteins were screened using yeast two-hybrid system, and yeast mating and GST pull-down assays were carried out to further confirm the interaction. We successfully generated a bait protein expression construct-pGBKT7-SH2D4A, screened the human kidney cDNA library, and obtained 46 positive yeast clones. After isolation of positive colonies, DNA sequencing, and sequence alignment analysis with BLAST software, we obtained 5 potential SH2D4A interactive proteins, AZGP1, DAD1, HSD17B10, KAT5, and PKM2, which were predicted by NetPhos 2.0 Server software and were all shown to be phosphorylated tyrosine (pY)-containing proteins except for HSD17B10. KAT5 and HSD17B10 were selected to perform yeast mating and GST pull-down experiments, indicating their direct binding to SH2D4A.
Quantum-efficient charge detection using a single-electron transistor (2002)

We evaluate the detector nonideality (and energy sensitivity) of a normal-state single-electron transistor (SET) in the cotunneling regime in a two-charge-state approximation. For small conductances and at zero temperature, the SET's performance as a charge-qubit readout device is characterized by a universal one-parameter function. The result shows that near-ideal, quantum-limited measurement is possible for a wide range of small bias voltages. However, near the threshold voltage for crossover to sequential tunneling, the device becomes strongly nonideal. The (symmetrized) current-charge cross-correlation vanishes for low frequencies, causing two different definitions of detector nonideality to agree. Interpretations of these findings are discussed.
Synthesis of Marine Alkaloids Isonaamine A, Dorimidazole A, and Preclathridine A. Iminophosphorane-Mediated Preparation of 2-Amino-1,4-disubstituted Imidazoles from α-Azido Esters (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of Marine Alkaloids Isonaamine A, Dorimidazole A, and Preclathridine A. Iminophosphorane-Mediated Preparation of 2-Amino-1,4-disubstituted Imidazoles from α-Azido EstersPedro Molina, Pilar M. Fresneda, and Miguel A. SanzView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7, 2540–2544Publication Date (Web):March 11, 1999Publication History Received24 September 1998Published online11 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9819382Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1096Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Imidazoles,Organic compounds,Reaction products,Redox reactions,Samarium Get e-Alerts
Formaldehyde and Other Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions in Four FEMA Temporary Housing Units (2009)

Indoor concentrations of 33 volatile organic chemicals were measured in four unoccupied temporary housing units (THUs) belonging to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA). The highest level contaminants in the THUs include formaldehyde, acetic acid, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) with median concentrations of 440, 425, and 36 ppb, respectively. A number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were higher than published concentrations in other dwellings, but whole THU emission factors for most chemicals were either lower than or similar to values reported for newly constructed homes. However, several chemicals exceeded previously measured new building emission rates by over a factor of 5. Materials were collected from the THUs, and emission factors were determined using small chambers to identify the potential source of indoor contaminants. The individual materials were grouped by material type, and emissions were used to derive exposure concentrations for comparison to reference values. Using material loading factors and ventilation rates that are relevant to the trailers, all of the material types we tested had at least two chemicals (formaldehyde and nonanal) with derived concentrations in excess of chronic reference exposure levels or odor thresholds. The extensive use of composite wood products, sealants, and vinyl coverings, combined with the low air exchange rates relative to material surface areas, may explain the high concentrations of some VOCs and formaldehyde.
FORMATION OF A NOVEL CATECHINIC ACID STEREOISOMER FROM BASE-CATALYZED REACTIONS OF (+)-CATECHIN (2002)

ABSTRACT A novel catechinic acid stereoisomer, 6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,9-epoxy-9-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione was isolated from base-catalyzed reaction products of (+)-catechin at pH 12 and 40°C. The 6S absolute configuration of this compound has been confirmed from its 1H-NMR coupling constants, while the 6R configuration was previously reported for catechinic acid. The formation of a novel catechinic acid stereoisomer shows that the rearrangement of (+)-catechin to catechinic acid through the quinone–methide intermediate is not stereospecific but stereoselective.
Malic Acid Production by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Engineering of Pyruvate Carboxylation, Oxaloacetate Reduction, and Malate Export (2008)

Malic acid is a potential biomass-derivable "building block" for chemical synthesis. Since wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produce only low levels of malate, metabolic engineering is required to achieve efficient malate production with this yeast. A promising pathway for malate production from glucose proceeds via carboxylation of pyruvate, followed by reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. This redox- and ATP-neutral, CO(2)-fixing pathway has a theoretical maximum yield of 2 mol malate (mol glucose)(-1). A previously engineered glucose-tolerant, C(2)-independent pyruvate decarboxylase-negative S. cerevisiae strain was used as the platform to evaluate the impact of individual and combined introduction of three genetic modifications: (i) overexpression of the native pyruvate carboxylase encoded by PYC2, (ii) high-level expression of an allele of the MDH3 gene, of which the encoded malate dehydrogenase was retargeted to the cytosol by deletion of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, and (iii) functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate transporter gene SpMAE1. While single or double modifications improved malate production, the highest malate yields and titers were obtained with the simultaneous introduction of all three modifications. In glucose-grown batch cultures, the resulting engineered strain produced malate at titers of up to 59 g liter(-1) at a malate yield of 0.42 mol (mol glucose)(-1). Metabolic flux analysis showed that metabolite labeling patterns observed upon nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of cultures grown on (13)C-labeled glucose were consistent with the envisaged nonoxidative, fermentative pathway for malate production. The engineered strains still produced substantial amounts of pyruvate, indicating that the pathway efficiency can be further improved.
Improved Thermal Tracking for Processors Using Hard and Soft Sensor Allocation Techniques (2011)

Hot spots are a major concern in high-end processors as they constrain performance and limit the lifetime of semiconductor chips. Using embedded thermal sensors, dynamic thermal management systems track the hot spots during runtime and adjust the performance and the cooling system of the processor when necessary. In many-core processors, the locations of hot spots vary spatially and temporally depending on the configuration of active cores and the workloads running on the cores. Our work includes both theoretical advances in sensor allocation techniques and experimental advances for thermal imaging of real processors. We propose a hard sensor allocation algorithm to determine the sensor locations where hot spots can be tracked accurately given a budget number of sensors. We also propose soft sensor computation techniques to alleviate design constraints on sensor locations and to further improve the resolution of hot spot tracking. The proposed soft sensing technique combines the measurements of the hard sensors in an optimal way to estimate the temperature at any desired location. We use infrared imaging methods to characterize the thermal behavior of a real dual-core processor during operation. We execute large number of workload configurations on the processor and track the locations and temperatures of hot spots during runtime. The thermal characterization data are then used as the input to our sensor allocation techniques. We demonstrate that our sensor allocation techniques improve significantly upon the previous results in the literature and provide accurate tracking of hot spots.
Double-Talk Free Spoken Dialogue Interface Combining Sound Field Control With Semi-Blind Source Separation (2006)

In this paper we introduce a new double-talk free spoken dialogue interface combining sound field control and a source separation technique based on independent component analysis (ICA). First, sound field control provides silent zones on the microphone elements and prevents the response sound from being observed. In the second step, we propose a novel semi-blind source separation algorithm to suppress the error caused by fluctuation of the room transfer function. By using a direct input of response sound signal to ICA, a source separation problem can be converted to a supervised learning problem. Since the problem becomes easier, the proposed method showed higher performances than the method using blind source separation
Development of Fan Out Package Platform for High Performance and RF Applications (2017)

ABSTRACT Over the last few years quite significant and well publicized advancements have been made in the IC industry in the potential adoption of fan out wafer level package platforms for both analog and digital applications. HD-FO platforms are likely to find significant adoption in the mobility, consumer application space as these have the capability to achieve sub-micron package routing density, high processor/memory and interconnect band width, very thin package height and small foot print area. Development of HD-FO package development reported in this work includes:Multiple advanced silicon technology nodesBroad range of package sizesSingle die, multi-die packagesDifferent package configurations that include with substrate, without substrate, organic and inorganic package redistribution layer optionsSystem in Package (SiP) for RF applications An electrical simulation based lateral and vertical interconnect insertion loss comparison is being reported for high density fan out packages and silicon interposer with through silicon via (TSV). Multiple metal layers, interconnect widths, organic and inorganic redistribution layers are modelled. High density fan out package provides orders of magnitude less vertical interconnect loss in comparison to TSV. Least lateral interconnect insertion loss is demonstrated by organic interconnect based HDFO package. For RF applications HDFO package based inductors of 1.1nH and 3.3nH demonstrate ~ 3 X improvements in Qmax when compared to similar CMOS based inductors. In addition to providing differentiating technology value propositions through the advanced HD-FO packaging platform collaborative ecosystem, customer centric business model and flexible supply chains are also being built to meet the business requirements for the integrated circuit customers. Finally, silicon/package co-design environment and RF enablement will ensure that customers realize the benefits of seamless product design, fast yield feedback and reduced time to market.
Monolithic AGC loop for a 160 Mb/s transimpedance amplifier (1996)

A new BiCMOS monolithic automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier with wide dynamic range is described. The forward gain path has 120 k/spl Omega/ transimpedance, 140 MHz bandwidth, input noise current spectral density of 1.17 pA//spl radic/Hz and input signal current handling capability of 4 mA. An on-chip peak detector incorporating a 25 pA current source yields AGC hold times in the millisecond range.
Opposing Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor and Pertussis Toxin on Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, and Type I Collagen mRNA Levels in ROS 17/2.8 Cells (1989)

In rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cells, which express osteoblastic features in culture, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) reduces the level of alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin mRNA and increases osteopontin mRNA, independent of growth stimulation. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) effects are dose dependent (EC50 about 6 pM) and are detected 24 h after addition of the growth factor. bFGF also reduces parathyroid hormone-stimulatable adenylate cyclase and alkaline phosphatase activity in these cells. Concomitant treatment with pertussis toxin (20 ng/ml) opposes the FGF effects. Although cyclic AMP elevating agents mimic pertussis toxin action on some parameters, they produce opposite effects on others, indicating that antagonism between pertussis toxin and bFGF is not mediated by cyclic AMP. bFGF caused a small reduction in steady state NAD-dependent ADP-ribosylation and had no detectable effects on the steady-state levels of the Gi alpha (alpha subunit of the inhibitory G protein) 1, 2, and 3, visualized with specific antibodies in these cells. Although the site of interaction of pertussis toxin and FGF remains to be determined, the findings presented here suggest separate control of growth and differentiation by bFGF and show that pertussis toxin treatment can modulate differentiation in these cells, presumably via Gi proteins.
Halide Anions as Ligands in Iron-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2000)

Halide anions have been used as complexing ligands in iron-mediated ATRP, in both direct and reverse ATRP. In direct ATRP, iron(II) bromide complexed with ammonium and phosphonium chloride, bromide, or iodide salts has been shown to catalyze the polymerization of both styrene and (meth)acrylates in a controlled manner under appropriate conditions. The experimental molecular weights increased linearly with monomer conversion and were close to the calculated values. The polymerization rates and polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.1−1.4) were dependent on the monomer employed. Reverse ATRP, initiated by AIBN/FeBr3/onium salts, led to a controlled polymerization of both methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate, while for styrene uncontrolled molecular weights and high polydispersities were obtained, presumably due to the involvement of the cationic polymerization. It is suggested that different iron complexes may be involved in ATRP, depending on the onium salt/FeBr3 ratio. Because of their ionic nature, the iron complexes could be removed easily from the reaction mixture by washing the polymerization mixture with water.