gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitride-Based LEDs With an SPS Tunneling Contact Layer and an ITO Transparent Contact (2004)

The indium-tin-oxide [ITO(80 nm)] and Ni(5 nm)-Au(10 nm) films were separately deposited on glass substrates, p-GaN layers, n/sup +/-InGaN-GaN short-period-superlattice (SPS) structures, and nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It was found that ITO on n/sup +/-SPS structure could provide us an extremely high transparency (i.e., 93.2% at 465 nm) and also a reasonably small specific contact resistance of 1.6/spl times/10/sup -3//spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/. Although the forward voltage which corresponds to 20-mA operating current for LED with ITO on n/sup +/-SPS upper contact was slightly higher than that of the LED with Ni-Au on n/sup +/-SPS upper contact, a 30% higher output intensity could still be achieved by using ITO on n/sup +/-SPS upper contact. Moreover, the output power of packaged LED with ITO was about twice as large as that of the other conventional Ni-Au LEDs.
Evidence That Cytochrome b559 Mediates the Oxidation of Reduced Plastoquinone in the Dark (2003)

The function of cytochrome b(559) in photosystem II (PSII) was investigated using a mutant created in tobacco in which the conserved phenylalanine at position 26 in the beta-subunit (PsbF) was changed to serine (Bock, R., Kössel, H., and Maliga, P. (1994) EMBO J. 13, 4623-4628). The mutant grew photoautotrophically, but the amount of PSII was reduced and the ultrastructure of the chloroplast was dramatically altered. Very few grana stacks were formed in the mutant. Although isolated PSII-enriched membrane fragments showed low PSII activity, electron paramagnetic resonance indicated the presence of functional PSII. Difference absorption spectra showed that the cytochrome b(559) contained heme. The plastoquinone pool was largely reduced in dark-adapted leaves of the mutant, based on chlorophyll fluorescence and thermoluminescence measurements. We therefore propose that cytochrome b(559) plays an important role in PSII by keeping the plastoquinone pool and thereby the acceptor side of PSII oxidized in the dark. Structural alterations as induced by the single Phe --> Ser point mutation in the transmembrane domain of PsbF evidently inhibit this function.
Phosphorylation by the Use of Diethylphosphorosuccinimidate (1965)

Abstract Phosphorylation of alcohols, phenol, and dialkyl hydrogen phosphates by means of diethylphosphorosuccinimidate has been described. Phorphorylation of alcohols with diethylphosphorosuccinimidate could only be carried out in the presence of certain acid catalysts; while more acidic compounds such as phenol and dialkyl hydrogen phosphates were readily phosphorylated to give the corresponding phosphate and sym.- or unsym.-pyrophosphate in quantitative yields even in the absence of catalysts.
Comparative efficacy of some organic amendments and Granular nematicides in the control of Rotylenchulus reniformis infecting pigeonpea (1992)

Organic amendments and granular nematicides improved growth of pigeonpea and reduced population of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Poultry manure @ 0.720 g/pot with 800 g soil increased plant height. fresh shoot and root weights by 157. 500 and 390% respectively with 77% nematode reduction followed by pressmud, a sugar factory by product @ 1.198 g/pot that gave 151, 500 and 380% increase in plant height, fresh shoot and root weights respectively with 73% reduction n nematode population over control. Out of eight different nematicides tried, carbofuran and HOE 388 each @ 2kg a.i./ha and benfurocarb @ 1 kg a.i./ha significantly improved plant height, fresh shoot and root weights and effectively reduced R. reniformis on pigeonpea cv. T 15–15.
Stabilizing Lead-Free All-Inorganic Tin Halide Perovskites by Ion Exchange (2018)

Because of its thermal stability, lead-free composition, and nearly ideal optical and electronic properties, the orthorhombic CsSnI<sub>3</sub> perovskite is considered promising as a light absorber for lead-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. However, the susceptibility of this three-dimensional perovskite toward oxidation in air has limited the development of solar cells based on this material. Here, we report the findings of a computational study which identifies promising Rb <sub><i>y</i></sub> Cs<sub>1-<i>y</i></sub> Sn(Br <sub><i>x</i></sub> I<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> )<sub>3</sub> perovskites for solar cell applications, prepared by substituting cations (Rb for Cs) and anions (Br for I) in CsSnI<sub>3</sub>. We show the evolution of the material electronic structure as well as its thermal and structural stabilities upon gradual substitution. Importantly, we demonstrate how the unwanted yellow phase can be suppressed by substituting Br for I in CsSn(Br <sub><i>x</i></sub> I<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> )<sub>3</sub> with <i>x</i> ≥ 1/3. We predict that substitution of Rb for Cs results in a highly homogeneous solid solution and therefore an improved film quality and applicability in solar cell devices.
Mechanisms of Tissue Damage by the Membrane Attack Complex of Complement (1989)

This article explores the role of the cytolytic membrane attack complex of complement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Evidence of nucleated cell resistance to lysis by the membrane attack complex and the stimulation of secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in the absence of cell death in a variety of cell types in vitro are documented, and the possible significance of these non-lethal effects to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases highlighted.
Abnormal eye movements in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (1993)

We report 3 patients with autopsy-proven Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who, early in their course, developed abnormal eye movements that included periodic alternating nystagmus and slow vertical saccades. These findings suggested involvement of the cerebellar nodulus and uvula, and the brainstem reticular formation, respectively. Cerebellar ataxia was also an early manifestation and, in 1 patient, a frontal lobe brain biopsy was normal at a time when ocular motor and cerebellar signs were conspicuous. As the disease progressed, all saccades and quick phases of nystagmus were lost, but periodic alternating gaze deviation persisted. At autopsy, 2 of the 3 patients had pronounced involvement of the cerebellum, especially of the midline structures. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease should be considered in patients with subacute progressive neurological disease when cognitive changes are overshadowed by ocular motor findings or ataxia.
The total syntheses of the isodityrosine-derived cyclic tripeptides OF4949-III and K-13. Determination of the absolute configuration of K-13 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe total syntheses of the isodityrosine-derived cyclic tripeptides OF4949-III and K-13. Determination of the absolute configuration of K-13David A. Evans and Jonathan A. EllmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3, 1063–1072Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00185a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00185a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1533Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphometry of human superficial dorsal and dorsolateral column fibres: significance to spinal cord stimulation (2002)

In spinal cord stimulation (SCS) large diameter cutaneous (Abeta) fibres in the dorsal columns (DCs) are activated and have an inhibiting effect on the transmission of pain signals by Adelta and C fibres from the corresponding dermatome(s). The largest Abeta fibres can be activated up to a maximum depth of about 0.25 mm in the DCs. No data are available on the distribution of the large fibres in this superficial human DC layer at the common SCS levels Th(10-11). Such data are indispensable to improve the predictive capability of a computer model of SCS. The whole myelinated fibre population in the superficial 300 microm of the dorsal column (DC(0-300)) at Th(10-11 )of two human subjects was morphometrically analysed. Some data was obtained from a third subject. The superficial dorsolateral column (DLC(0-300)) was included in this analysis because it was hypothesized that large dorsal spinocerebellar tract fibres could also be activated by SCS. Only very few fibres larger than 10.7 microm were found: a mean of 68 (0.5%) in DC(0-300) and 114 (2%) in DLC(0-300). Considering that the effect of SCS is primarily attributed to activation of these largest fibres, it is concluded that a surprisingly small average amount of 2.4 fibres per running 0.1 mm width and 6 fibres per segmental division of the DC is involved. Distinct mediolateral heterogeneity in fibre composition was found in both DC(0-300) and DLC(0-300). In the DC(0-300), the mean diameter of fibres > or =7.1 microm increases significantly by 5% from medial to lateral. Density (i.e. number of fibres per 1000 microm(2)) and frequency (i.e. percentage of a fibre size group compared to its parent population) of the large fibres increase significantly from medial to lateral in the DC(0-300). For fibres > or =10.7 microm, these parameters increase by 200 and 269%, respectively. It is concluded that the difference in stimulation threshold of large Abeta fibres in the median and lateral DC can be mainly attributed to the absence and presence, respectively, of collaterals at the stimulation site. Marked differences were found between DC(0-300) and DLC(0-300). The largest DLC(0-300) fibres (> or =10.7 microm) have a 320% higher frequency and a 473% higher density. Their mean diameter is, however, only 2% larger. The largest DLC(0-300) fibres are not likely to be recruited by SCS, since they are not larger than their DC(0-300) counterparts, they lack collaterals (which would reduce the threshold stimulus substantially) and they are more remote from the stimulation electrode.
Multiplex PCR with minisequencing as an effective high‐throughput SNP typing method for formalin‐fixed tissue (2007)

Extensive collections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues exist that could be exploited for genetic analyses in order to provide important insights into the genetic basis of disease or host/pathogen cointeractions. We report here an evaluation of a 44 SNP multiplex genotyping method, multiplex PCR with minisequencing (MPMS), on 92 DNA extractions performed on six archival FFPE samples of variable DNA quality, which date between 9 and 25 years old. On the three extracts with highest quality, we found the assay efficiency to be near 100%. However, the efficiency of the lowest quality extracts varied significantly. In this study, we demonstrate that although direct measures of DNA concentration in the extracts provide no useful information with regard to subsequent MPMS success, the success of the assay can be determined to some degree a priori, through initial screening of the DNA quality using a simple quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for nuclear DNA, and/or an assay of the maximum PCR amplifiable size of nuclear DNA. MPMS promises to be of significant use in future genetic studies on FFPE material. It provides a streamlined approach for retrieving a large amount of genetic information using simple, single reactions and minute amounts of archival tissue/DNA. In the light of this evidence, we suggest that the systematic screening of FFPE collections may in the future provide valuable insights into the past.
A Triaxial-Measurement Shear-Test Device for Soft Biological Tissues (2000)

A novel shear-test device for soft biological tissue, capable of applying simple shear deformations simultaneously in two orthogonal directions while measuring the resulting forces generated in three axes, is described. We validated the device using a synthetic gel, the properties of which were ascertained from independent tensile and rotational shear tests. Material parameters for the gel were fitted using neo-Hookean analytical solutions to the independent test data, and these matched the results from the device. Preliminary results obtained with rat septal myocardium are also presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the apparatus in determining the shear characteristics of living tissue.
ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily a Member 2 Is a Functional Receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2A Toxins in Bombyx mori, But Not for Cry1A, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, or Cry9A Toxins (2020)

<b>:</b> Cry toxins are insecticidal proteins produced by <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt). They are used commercially to control insect pests since they are very active in specific insects and are harmless to the environment and human health. The gene encoding ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 2 (ABCA2) was identified in an analysis of Cry2A toxin resistance genes. However, we do not have direct evidence for the role of ABCA2 for Cry2A toxins or why Cry2A toxin resistance does not cross to other Cry toxins. Therefore, we performed two experiments. First, we edited the <i>ABCA2</i> sequence in <i>Bombyx mori</i> using transcription activator-like effector-nucleases (TALENs) and confirmed the susceptibility-determining ability in a diet overlay bioassay. Strains with C-terminal half-deleted BmABCA2 showed strong and specific resistance to Cry2A toxins; even strains carrying a deletion of 1 to 3 amino acids showed resistance. However, the C-terminal half-deleted strains did not show cross-resistance to other toxins. Second, we conducted a cell swelling assay and confirmed the specific ability of BmABCA2 to Cry2A toxins in HEK239 cells. Those demonstrated that BmABCA2 is a functional receptor for Cry2A toxins and that BmABCA2 deficiency-dependent Cry2A resistance does not confer cross-resistance to Cry1A, Cry1F, Cry1Ca, Cry1Da, or Cry9Aa toxins.
Effect of heating method on microstructure of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder on Cu substrate (2011)

With the miniaturization of electronic productions and the use of heat sensitive electronic components, the traditional reflow soldering process often has difficulties. As an alternative soldering process, the laser soldering process has been recently proposed. The laser soldering process brings several advantages in terms of localized heating, rapid rise and fall in temperature, non-contact and easily automated process. In this study, we investigated the effects of heating method such as reflow soldering and laser soldering on the microstructure of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder on Cu substrate and the impact properties of the solder joint. In the as-soldered condition, the intermetallic compound layer at the joint interface formed during the laser soldering process was very thin. Therefore, the impact properties of joints formed with the laser process were superior to those of joints formed with the reflow process.
Large-scale CO2 injection demos for the development of monitoring and verification technology and guidelines (CO2 ReMoVe) (2009)

The objectives of the EU project CO2ReMoVe are to undertake the research and development necessary to establish scientifically based standards for monitoring future CCS operations and to develop the performance assessment methodologies necessary to demonstrate the long-term reliability of geological storage of CO2. This could in turn lead to guidelines for the certification of sites suitable for CCS on a wide scale. Crucial to the project portfolio are the continuing large-scale CO2 injection operation at Sleipner, the injection operation at In Salah (Algeria) and the recently started injection project at Snøhvit (Norway). Two pilot sites are also currently in the project portfolio, Ketzin in Germany and K12-B in the offshore continental shelf of the Netherlands.
Homology between bacterial DNA and bovine mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit III (1987)

A segment of mitochondrial DNA encoding the bovine cytochrome c oxidase subunit III gene was isolated and inserted into an Escherichia coli plasmid vector. A 556 base pair fragment of the insert DNA representing about 70% of the 3'-end of the subunit III gene was used to search for homology with bacterial DNA from strains that contain heme aa3-type cytochrome c oxidases. Bacillus subtilis, Thermus thermophilus, and PS3 DNAs all showed strong hybridization to the probe, whereas Paracoccus denitrificans and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides DNAs showed only weak hybridization to the probe, even under low stringency conditions.
Impact of education in the knowledge and practices of rural mothers and key family members on diarrhoea and its treatment at home. (1988)

Ready-made sachets of oral rehydration solution for the treatment of diarrhea are constantly in short supply in developing countries. Thus, the effective use of home-made salt-sugar solution (SSS) by trained persons in the community is considered crucial. An education material for such a training was prepared based on the findings of beliefs and practices regarding diarrhea in children, obtained from 116 randomly selected mothers or key family members in the Barain Village of Chiraigaon block, Varanasi, India. In the present study, the material was used to train 66 mothers or key family members (key persons) in a joint family to identify diarrhea, signs of dehydration, prepare SSS at home, use it to rehydrate their sick children and continue normal diet throughout the diarrhea period. A control sample comprising 50 matched mothers or key persons were taken in the study who did not get the education. An evaluation was done 6 weeks after the educational sessions by interviewing the 116 persons (test 66; control 50), using the same pre-scored proforma blanks which were used during the initial survey. The mean pre-and post-education scores in the knowledge of mothers and key persons regarding various aspects of diarrhea showed that there was a significant post-education gain in knowledge in both the groups in all aspects of diarrhea, except the knowledge of the beneficial effect of continuing normal food during diarrhea. An almost identical result was seen when both the groups were combined and assessed. Regarding various practices during diarrhea, the data showed that the pre- and post-education practices regarding breast-feeding and food- and fluid-restriction did not vary significantly. People of the area knew from beforehand about the beneficial effect of breast-feeding and not restricting food and fluid during diarrhea. However, there was a significant rise in the practice of using home-made SSS both among the trained and untrained groups (t=3.5,p0.01; t=2.19, p0.05). Among the trained groups, the practice was adopted significantly more among mothers, but not among the key persons, such as grandmothers. An inference is drawn with caution that this type of education may be a powerful tool to train mothers to identify acute dehydrating diarrhea in their children and to treat them orally at home by preparing SSS. (Author's).
Image restoration by complexity regularization via dynamic programming (1992)

The restoration of an image modeled by piecewise-constant polygonal patches from its blurred (bandlimited) and noise corrupted version is considered. Under this model, the line-integral projections of the data image are piecewise linear signals, blurred and corrupted by noise. The break points and the associated amplitude parameters of each projection are estimated by minimizing the 1-D stochastic complexity of the projection using a recently proposed dynamic programming technique. The final image is reconstructed by convolution backprojection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Produce Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and β-Defensins in Response to Heat-Killed <b><i>Candida albicans</i></b> (2014)

HCECs produce antimicrobial peptides, LL-37, hBD2 and hBD3, in response to stimulation of HKCA, which suggests a novel innate immune mechanism of the ocular surface in defense against fungal invasion.
Efficient multithreading implementation of H.264 encoder on intel hyper-threading architectures (2004)

Exploiting thread-level parallelism is a promising way to improve the performance of multimedia applications running on multithreading general-purpose processors. This paper describes our work in developing the first multithreading implementation of the H.264 encoder. We parallelize the encoder using the OpenMP programming model, which allows us to leverage the advanced compiler technology in the Intel/spl reg/ C++ compiler for Intel hyper-threading architectures. We present our design considerations in the parallelization process. We describe an efficient multi-level data partitioning scheme that increases performance of a multithreaded H.264 encoder. Our experiments show parallel speedups ranging from 4.31x to 4.69x on a 4-CPU Intel Xeon/spl trade/ system with hyper-threading technology.
QSAR studies applied to the prediction of antigen–antibody interaction kinetics as measured by BIACORE (2002)

The objective of this work was to investigate the potential of the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) approach for predictive modulation of molecular interaction kinetics. A multivariate QSAR approach involving modifications in peptide sequence and buffer composition was recently used in an attempt to predict the kinetics of peptide-antibody interactions as measured by BIACORE. Quantitative buffer-kinetics relationships (QBKR) and quantitative sequence-kinetics relationships (QSKR) models were developed. Their predictive capacity was investigated in this study by comparing predicted and observed kinetic dissociation parameters (k(d)) for new antigenic peptides, or in new buffers. The range of experimentally measured k(d) variations was small (300-fold), limiting the practical value of the approach for this particular interaction. However, the models were validated from a statistical point of view. In QSKR, the leave-one-out cross validation gave Q(2) = 0.71 for 24 peptides (all but one outlier), compared to 0.81 for 17 training peptides. A more precise model (Q(2) = 0.92) could be developed when removing sets of peptides sharing distinctive structural features, suggesting that different peptides use slightly different binding modes. All models share the most important factor and are informative for structure-kinetics relationships. In QBKR, the measured effect on k(d) of individual additives in the buffers was consistent with the effect predicted from multivariate buffers. Our results open new perspectives for the predictive optimization of interaction kinetics, with important implications in pharmacology and biotechnology.