gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Proteins in the Postsynaptic Density Fraction by Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Our understanding of the organization of postsynaptic signaling systems at excitatory synapses has been aided by the identification of proteins in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction, a subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs. In this study, we have completed the identification of most major proteins in the PSD fraction with the use of an analytical method based on mass spectrometry coupled with searching of the protein sequence databases. At least one protein in each of 26 prominent protein bands from the PSD fraction has now been identified. We found 7 proteins not previously known to be constituents of the PSD fraction and 24 that had previously been associated with the PSD by other methods. The newly identified proteins include the heavy chain of myosin-Va (dilute myosin), a motor protein thought to be involved in vesicle trafficking, and the mammalian homolog of the yeast septin protein cdc10, which is important for bud formation in yeast. Both myosin-Va and cdc10 are threefold to fivefold enriched in the PSD fraction over brain homogenates. Immunocytochemical localization of myosin-Va in cultured hippocampal neurons shows that it partially colocalizes with PSD-95 at synapses and is also diffusely localized in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Cdc10 has a punctate distribution in cell bodies and dendrites, with some of the puncta colocalizing with PSD-95. The results support a role for myosin-Va in transport of materials into spines and for septins in the formation or maintenance of spines.
Phantom-BTB (2009)

Modern processors use branch target buffers (BTBs) to predict the target address of branches such that they can fetch ahead in the instruction stream increasing concurrency and performance. Ideally, BTBs would be sufficiently large to capture the entire working set of the application and sufficiently small for fast access and practical on-chip dedicated storage. Depending on the application, these requirements are at odds. This work introduces a BTB design that accommodates large instruction footprints without dedicating expensive onchip resources. In the proposed Phantom-BTB (PBTB) design, a conventional BTB is augmented with a virtual table that collects branch target information as the application runs. The virtual table does not have fixed dedicated storage. Instead, it is transparently allocated, on demand, in the on-chip caches, at cache line granularity. The entries in the virtual table are proactively prefetched and installed in the dedicated conventional BTB, thus, increasing its perceived capacity. Experimental results with commercial workloads under full-system simulation demonstrate that PBTB improves IPC performance over a 1K-entry BTB by 6.9% on average and up to 12.7%, with a storage overhead of only 8%. Overall, the virtualized design performs within 1% of a conventional 4K-entry, single-cycle access BTB, while the dedicated storage is 3.6 times smaller.
Wavelet representation for multigrid computation in surface interpolation problem (1996)

Discrete formulation of the surface interpolation problem usually leads to a large sparse linear system. The convergence rate for solving this problem with iterative method is very slow. To improve this condition, wavelet representation for multigrid computation is proposed. With wavelet transforms, the linear system to be solved will be transformed into a new system equation. This new system processes the low frequency and high frequency components more directly and more efficiently. By employing the multigrid computation structure among these different frequency components, a multi-frequency band computation structure which combines the advantages of the wavelet transform and the multigrid method is built. This structure not only avoids the transfer between the adjacent grids and results in a simple structure for implementation but also manipulates the different frequency components more effectively and results in a higher convergence rate for solving linear equation system.
Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery Using CO2 Injection: Worldwide Resource and CO2 Sequestration Potential (1998)

Abstract Injection of carbon dioxide into deep coal seams has the potential to enhance coalbed methane recovery, while simultaneously sequestering a greenhouse gas. Analysis of production operations from the world's first carbon dioxide-enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) pilot, a 4-injector/7-producer pattern in the San Juan Basin, indicates that the process is technically and economically feasible. To date, over 2 Bcf of CO2 has been sequestered with negligible breakthrough. Enhancement of gas production can be as high as 150% over conventional pressure-depletion methods. Dewatering of the reservoir is also improved. ECBM development may be profitable in the San Juan basin at wellhead gas prices above $1.75/Mcf, adding as much as 13 Tcf of additional methane resource potential within this mature basin. The key reservoir screening criteria for successful application of CO2-ECBM include laterally continuous and permeable coal seams, concentrated seam geometry, and minimal faulting and reservoir compartmentalization. Operational practices for CO2-ECBM recovery are still being refined. Injection wells should be completed unstimulated, while production wells can be cavitated or hydraulically stimulated. CO2 injection should be continuous and concurrent with methane production to prevent lateral water encroachment. Apart from the San Juan basin, many other coal basins have significant CO2-ECBM potential. In the U.S., the Uinta and Raton basins are geologically most favorable, while additional potential exists in the Greater Green River, Appalachian and other coal basins. Coal basins in Australia, Russia, China, India, Indonesia and other countries also have large CO2-ECBM potential. When viewed from a commercial project viewpoint, the total worldwide potential for CO2-ECBM is estimated at approximately 68 Tcf, with about 7.1 billion metric tons of associated CO2 sequestration potential. If viewed purely as a non-commercial CO2 sequestration technology, the worldwide sequestration potential of deep coal seams may be 20 to 50 times greater.
Pharmacologic Treatments for the Nicotine Dependent Smoker (2001)

The best available treatments for nicotine dependence are pharmacological adjuncts; specifically, NRT and bupropion SR when combined with behavioral counseling.
Vitamin D Modulates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Degradation in Human Lung Fibroblasts (2013)

Vitamin D insufficiency has been increasingly recognized in the general population worldwide and has been associated with several lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory tract infections. Fibroblasts play a critical role in tissue repair and remodeling, which is a key feature of COPD and asthma. Fibroblasts modulate tissue repair by producing and modifying extracellular matrix components and by releasing mediators that act as autocrine or paracrine modulators of tissue remodeling. The current study was designed to investigate if vitamin D alters fibroblast release of key autocrine/paracrine repair factors. First, we demonstrated that human fetal lung (HFL)-1 cells express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and that vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] induce VDR nuclear translocation and increase VDR-DNA binding activity. We next demonstrated that vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D significantly reduced prostaglandin (PG)E2 production by human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) but had no effect on transforming growth factor β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, or fibronectin production. Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)-1 expression; in contrast, all three forms of vitamin D stimulated 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase, an enzyme that degrades PGE2. Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 and the other two PGE2 synthases (mPGES-2 and cytosolic PGE synthase) were not altered by vitamin D, 25(OH)D, or 1,25(OH)2D. Finally, the effect of PGE2 inhibition by 25(OH)D was observed in adult lung fibroblasts. These findings suggest that vitamin D can regulate PGE2 synthesis and degradation and by this mechanism can modulate fibroblast-mediated tissue repair function.
Metastatic prostate cancer: initial findings of PET with 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose. (1996)

FDG PET can help identify osseous and soft-tissue metastases of prostate cancer with a high positive predictive value but is less sensitive than bone scintigraphy in the identification of osseous metastases.
Solar cells based on organic materials (2011)

Recently,more and more effort has been devoted to organic solar cells because of their many advantages,such as ease of fabrication,low cost,flexibility,etc.As their power conversion efficiency increass,they have the potential to become efficient solar energy converters.A review of organic solar cells is presented with regard to materials based on small molecule and polymer,as well as possible methods for optimizing the photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency.
Racial and ethnic differences in glycemic control of adults with type 2 diabetes. (1999)

These data indicate that many patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. have poor glycemic control, placing them at high risk of diabetic complications. Non-Hispanic black women, Mexican-American men, and patients treated with insulin and oral agents were disproportionately represented among those in poor glycemic control. Clinical, public health, and research efforts should focus on more effective methods to control blood glucose in patients with diabetes.
Joint demosaicing and super-resolution imaging from a set of unregistered aliased images (2007)

We present a new algorithm that performs demosaicing and super-resolution jointly from a set of raw images sampled with a color filter array. Such a combined approach allows us to compute the alignment parameters between the images on the raw camera data before interpolation artifacts are introduced. After image registration, a high resolution color image is reconstructed at once using the full set of images. For this, we use normalized convolution, an image interpolation method from a nonuniform set of samples. Our algorithm is tested and compared to other approaches in simulations and practical experiments.
Long-Term Stable Disease of Stage IV Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Without Significant Adverse Effect by CPI-613, an Investigational Novel Anti-Cancer Agent (2011)

Introduction: The current case study describes the safety and prolonged therapeutic effect of an investigational drug (CPI-613) in a patient (Patient LRW) with Stage IV pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Case presentation: Patient LRW was an 88-year old Caucasian woman who was diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and had been treated with Sandostatin followed by Enzastaurin. Prior to treatment with CPI-613, she was suffering from progressive Stage IV disease, with lesions located in multiple areas including the pancreas, liver, lung, uterine, stomach, thyroid nodule, etc. During the one-year treatment with CPI-613, only two incidents of mild (Grade 1) and transient adverse events (metallic taste and hyperuricemia) were observed. The Progression-Free Survival was >15 months (Patient LRW still alive as of June 2011), which is consistent with the reported median Progression-Free Survival of 11.4 months with Everolimus treatment and 11.4-12.6 months with Sunitinib treatment. Since the disease remained stable for a year during treatment with CPI-613, Patient LRW was switched to maintenance therapy with CPI-613 and is currently doing well.

Conclusion: In Patient LRW, who had Stage IV pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with Disease Progression, CPI-613 therapy provided long-term Stable Disease and with only 2 minor transient incidents of adverse events during a one-year treatment. This is an uncommon case where chemotherapy with an investigational drug is providing long-term stabilization of advanced metastatic disease without significant adverse events.
Quantitative PCR for human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (1995)

A quantitative PCR assay for the detection of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) (variants A and B) and HHV-7 DNAs in clinical samples was developed. The assay uses a nonhomologous internal standard (IS) for each virus that is coamplified with the wild-type target sequence in the same vial and with the same pair of primers. This method allows for a correction of the variability of efficiency of the PCR technique. A standard curve is constructed for each experiment by coamplification of known quantities of the cloned HHV-6 or HHV-7 target templates with the respective IS. Absolute quantitation of the test samples is then achieved by determining the viral target/IS ratio of the hybridization signals of the amplification products and plotting this value against the standard curve. Using this assay, we quantitated the amount of HHV-6 or HHV-7 DNA in infected cell cultures and demonstrated an inhibitory effect of phosphonoformic acid on the replication of HHV-6 and HHV-7 in vitro. As the first clinical application of this procedure, we performed preliminary measurements of the loads of HHV-6 and HHV-7 in lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease and AIDS. Application of this quantitative PCR method should be helpful for elucidating the pathogenic roles of HHV-6 and HHV-7.
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (1976)

Book I The Mind of Man 1. The Consciousness of Consciousness 2. Consciousness 3. The Mind of Iliad 4. The Bicameral Mind 5.The Double Brain 6. The Origin of Civilization. Book II The Witness of History 1. Gods, Graves, and Idols 2. Literate Bicameral Theocracies 3. The Causes of Consciousness 4. A Change of Mind in Mesopotamia 5. The Intellectual Consciousness of Greece 6. The Moral Consciousness of the Khabiru. Book III Vestiges of the Bicameral Mind in the Modern World 1. The Quest for Authorization 2. Of Prophets and Possession 3. Of Poetry and Music 4. Hypnosis 5. Schizophrenia 6. The Auguries of Science.
Identification of Potent Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors that Demonstrate Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Functions in Apicomplexan Parasites (2015)

Apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agents of severe malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively, undergo several critical developmental transitions during their lifecycle. Most important for human pathogenesis is the asexual cycle, in which parasites undergo rounds of host cell invasion, replication, and egress (exit), destroying host cell tissue in the process. Previous work has identified important roles for Protein Kinase G (PKG) and Protein Kinase A (PKA) in parasite egress and invasion, yet little is understood about the regulation of cyclic nucleotides, cGMP and cAMP, that activate these enzymes. To address this, we have focused upon the development of inhibitors of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to block the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides. This was done by repurposing human PDE inhibitors noting various similarities of the human and apicomplexan PDE binding sites. The most potent inhibitors blocked the in vitro proliferation of P. falciparum and T. gondii more potently than the benchmark compound zaprinast. 5-Benzyl-3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one (BIPPO) was found to be a potent inhibitor of recombinant P. falciparum PfPDEα and activated PKG-dependent egress of T. gondii and P. falciparum, likely by promoting the exocytosis of micronemes, an activity that was reversed by a specific Protein Kinase G inhibitor. BIPPO also promotes cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a P. falciparum ligand critical for host cell invasion, suggesting that the compound inhibits single or multiple PDE isoforms that regulate both cGMP and cAMP levels. BIPPO is therefore a useful tool for the dissection of signal transduction pathways in apicomplexan parasites.
Method for Knowledge-Based Helicopter Track and Balance (2004)

Abstract : The aim of the project was to develop an efficient method of helicopter rotor tuning (track and balance) to cope with the potential nonlinearity of the process and to account for the vibration noise. Toward this goal, two methods have been developed. The first method relies on an interval model to represent the range of effect of blade adjustments on helicopter vibration and incorporates learning to adapt the coefficients of the interval model. The coefficients of the model are initially defined according to sensitivity coefficients between the blade adjustments and helicopter vibration, to include the a priori' knowledge of the process These coefficients are subsequently transformed into intervals and updated after each tuning iteration to improve the model's estimation accuracy. The second method of rotor tuning uses a probability model to maximize the likelihood of success of the selected blade adjustments. The underlying model in this method consists of two segments: a linear segment to include the sensitivity coefficients between the blade adjustments and helicopter vibration, and a stochastic segment to represent the probability densities of the vibration components. Based on this model, the blade adjustments with the maximal probability of generating acceptable vibration are selected as recommended adjustments. The effectiveness of the two methods are evaluated in simulation using a series of neural networks trained with actual vibration data. The results indicate that the developed methods improve performance according to several criteria representing various aspects of track and balance.
Infertility in transgenic female mice with human growth hormone expression: Evidence for luteal failure (1988)

Introduction of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene fused with mouse metallothionein I promoter into domestic mice leads to ectopic synthesis of hGH, marked stimulation of somatic growth, and female sterility. Transgenic females (produced by mating transgenic males to normal females) mated but failed to become pregnant or pseudopregnant as evidenced by the recurrence of vaginal plugs every 5-7 days. Daily injections of 1 mg progesterone, starting on day 1 postcoitum (p.c.), maintained pregnancy, suggesting that the sterility of these animals is due to inadequate luteal function. In ovariectomized female transgenic mice, median eminence (ME) turnover of dopamine (DA) was increased, and plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were reduced, presumably because of the known lactogenic activity of hGH in rodents. From these observations we suspected that either 1) the corpora lutea of these animals are unresponsive to lactogenic hormones, or 2) hGH by stimulating tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons interferes with the increase in PRL release that normally follows mating and this, in turn, leads to luteal failure. To distinguish between these possibilities, transgenic females were treated with PRL-secreting ectopic pituitary transplants from normal females of the same strain on day 1 p.c. Eight of ten treated females became pregnant and delivered litters. We conclude that infertility of transgenic female mice with hGH expression is due to activation of the TIDA system, suppression of endogenous PRL release, and luteal deficiency.
Using Manifold Learning for Atlas Selection in Multi-Atlas Segmentation (2013)

Multi-atlas segmentation has been widely used to segment various anatomical structures. The success of this technique partly relies on the selection of atlases that are best mapped to a new target image after registration. Recently, manifold learning has been proposed as a method for atlas selection. Each manifold learning technique seeks to optimize a unique objective function. Therefore, different techniques produce different embeddings even when applied to the same data set. Previous studies used a single technique in their method and gave no reason for the choice of the manifold learning technique employed nor the theoretical grounds for the choice of the manifold parameters. In this study, we compare side-by-side the results given by 3 manifold learning techniques (Isomap, Laplacian Eigenmaps and Locally Linear Embedding) on the same data set. We assess the ability of those 3 different techniques to select the best atlases to combine in the framework of multi-atlas segmentation. First, a leave-one-out experiment is used to optimize our method on a set of 110 manually segmented atlases of hippocampi and find the manifold learning technique and associated manifold parameters that give the best segmentation accuracy. Then, the optimal parameters are used to automatically segment 30 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). For our dataset, the selection of atlases with Locally Linear Embedding gives the best results. Our findings show that selection of atlases with manifold learning leads to segmentation accuracy close to or significantly higher than the state-of-the-art method and that accuracy can be increased by fine tuning the manifold learning process.
Effects of Tafamidis on Transthyretin Stabilization and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Non-Val30Met Transthyretin Amyloidosis (2013)

This phase II, open-label, single-treatment arm study evaluated the pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of tafamidis in patients with non-Val30Met transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. Twenty-one patients with eight different non-Val30Met mutations received 20 mg QD of tafamidis meglumine for 12 months. The primary outcome, TTR stabilization at Week 6, was achieved in 18 (94.7%) of 19 patients with evaluable data. TTR was stabilized in 100% of patients with non-missing data at Months 6 (n = 18) and 12 (n = 17). Exploratory efficacy measures demonstrated some worsening of neurological function. However, health-related quality of life, cardiac biomarker N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide, echocardiographic parameters, and modified body mass index did not demonstrate clinically relevant worsening during the 12 months of treatment. Tafamidis was well tolerated. In conclusion, our findings suggest that tafamidis 20 mg QD effectively stabilized TTR associated with several non-Val30Met variants.
Hydrolysis of aspirin. Intramolecular general base catalysis of ester hydrolysis (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of aspirin. Intramolecular general base catalysis of ester hydrolysisA. R. Fersht and Anthony J. KirbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 19, 4857–4863Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00995a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00995a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7410Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts