gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Enhanced Photopolymerization of a Diacetylene Derivative in Langmuir−Blodgett Films on a Silver Island Film (1998)

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy was applied to monitor the photopolymerization process of one monolayer (L = 1) of a Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) film of the cadmium salt of a diacetylene monocarboxylic acid derivative, 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (DA), prepared on an evaporated silver island film with a mass thickness of 60 Å. The result indicated that the polymerization proceeds in a way that is similar to that of the multilayer LB films (L ≥ 3) of DA prepared on a smooth silver substrate with a mass thickness of 1000 Å, exhibiting a transition from a blue phase (λmax ≈ 635 nm) to a red phase (λmax ≈ 540 nm). In addition, the photopolymerization on the SERS-active substrate with d = 60 Å was found to proceed much faster than that on the smooth (SERS-inactive) substrate (d = 1000 Å). The rate of the photopolymerization of the monolayer on the island film was compared with the rates of a series of LB films of DA prepared on evaporated silver films with d = 60−1000 Å, including the DA Langmuir−Blodgett monolayer sample, into which the spacer layer of LB films of arachidic acid was inserted to control the separation distance between the reacting monolayer and the silver substrate (d = 60 Å). On the basis of these results, we proposed that the enhanced photopolymerization is due to an accelerated propagation reaction (an addition reaction of DA to reactive polydiacetylene oligomers) resulting from an enhanced band-to-band transition of the oligomers caused by a strong coupling of the transition to the localized plasmon resonance of the substrates.
Electron trapping in thin films of thermal SiO2 at temperatures between 30 and 300 K (1983)

Temperature dependence of electron trapping in thermally grown SiO2 has been studied using metal–silicon dioxide–silicon (MOS) structures. The MOS samples are charged using avalanche injection from the Si substrate at temperatures between 30 and 300 K. It is found that the rate of electron trapping increases monotonically as temperature decreases from 300 to 30 K for both oxides subjected to H2/N2 annealing and oxides subjected to no H2/N2 annealing. The majority of electrons trapped at 77 K is thermally reemitted, as the samples are warmed to room temperature. Analyses of the experimental results indicate that neutral trap centers responsible for electron trapping are characterized by the two discrete energies of 23 and 4 meV below the conduction band edge of SiO2.
Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe visual loss: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report #18. (1998)

These analyses supported the view that the retinopathy-inhibiting effect of better glycemic control extends across all ages, both diabetes types, and all stages of retinopathy up to and including the severe nonproliferative and early proliferative stages and the possibility that reducing elevated blood lipids and treating anemia slow the progression of retinopathy.
Si-based receivers for optical data links (1994)

We present results for Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ waveguide pin detectors grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). Detectors with multiple Ge/sub 0.29/Si/sub 0.71/ absorption layers show an internal quantum efficiency of 33% at /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m with a dark current of 27 pAspl mu/m/sup 2/. The external quantum efficiency is limited to 7% by the fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency. The output eye diagram for a hybrid /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m silicon receiver at 500 Mb/s is demonstrated. Prospects of a silicon-based optoelectronic receiver array technology are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A modified Hausdorff distance for object matching (2002)

The purpose of object matching is to decide the similarity between two objects. This paper introduces 24 possible distance measures based on the Hausdorff distance between two point sets. These measures can be used to match two sets of edge points extracted from any two objects. Based on experiments on synthetic images containing various levels of noise, the authors determined that one of these distance measures, called the modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) has the best performance for object matching. The advantages of MHD ever other distances are also demonstrated on several edge snaps of objects extracted from real images.
Short-Block Protograph-Based LDPC Codes (2010)

Short-block low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes of a special type are intended to be especially well suited for potential applications that include transmission of command and control data, cellular telephony, data communications in wireless local area networks, and satellite data communications. [In general, LDPC codes belong to a class of error-correcting codes suitable for use in a variety of wireless data-communication systems that include noisy channels.] The codes of the present special type exhibit low error floors, low bit and frame error rates, and low latency (in comparison with related prior codes). These codes also achieve low maximum rate of undetected errors over all signal-to-noise ratios, without requiring the use of cyclic redundancy checks, which would significantly increase the overhead for short blocks. These codes have protograph representations; this is advantageous in that, for reasons that exceed the scope of this article, the applicability of protograph representations makes it possible to design highspeed iterative decoders that utilize belief- propagation algorithms.
Decision Feedback Aided Detection Based on Lattice Reduction in MIMO Systems (2006)

In this paper, a novel MIMO detection named decision feedback aided detection based on lattice reduction (DFDLR) is proposed. Lattice reduction has been proposed to be exploited in signal detection in multiple antenna systems. However, lattice reduction transforms the QAM constellation cube to be a parallelotope, and it is difficult to determine the transformed QAM boundaries, which results in sub-optimal performance with simple quantization. We propose to exploit decision feedback to enhance the QAM boundary control. Simulations show that decision feedback can improve the performance of lattice reduction-based linear detection (LD) and lattice reduction-based successive interference cancellation (SIC) significantly especially with zero forcing (ZF) criterion. It is also shown by simulation that the proposed scheme in conjunction with SIC can approach maximum likelihood (ML) detection with MMSE criterion at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Interferon Apha 2b for Treating Patients with JAK2V617F Positive Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocytosis (2014)

Compared with hydroxyurea, interferon alpha 2 b could reduce JAK2V617F load for patients with PV and ET, and achieve higher molecular remission, improve treatment efficacy and reduce complications.
Role of viral regulatory and accessory proteins in HIV-1 replication (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease characterized by CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion. HIV-1 replicates actively in a variety of cells by encoding several regulatory (Tat and Rev) and accessory (Vpr, Vif, Vpu, and Nef) proteins. Accessory proteins, thought initially to be dispensable for infection, have now been shown to be important for efficient infection in vivo. Recent evidence suggests that certain viral proteins, like Vif, have evolved to overcome the antiviral mechanisms of the host, while proteins like Nef, which are markers for disease pathogenesis in vivo, help to increase pathogenesis by targeting bystander cells. Thus, these proteins control many aspects of the virus life cycle as well as host cell function, namely gene regulation and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanisms by which the virus is able to successfully replicate in host cells and subsequently cause gradual destruction of the immune system may yield new approaches for therapeutic strategies. In this review, we attempt to integrate information on the role of these regulatory and accessory proteins, emphasizing their interactions with other viral and cellular components, and the subsequent effect on viral replication.
Memory Performance Characterization of SPEC CPU2006 Benchmarks Using TSIM (2012)

This paper uses TSIM, a cycle accurate architecture simulator, to characterize the memory performance of SPEC CPU2006 Benchmarks under CMP platform. The experiment covers 54 workloads with different input sets, and collects statistical information of instruction mixture and cache behaviors. By detecting the cyclical changes of MPKI, this paper clearly shows the memory performance phases of some SPEC CPU2006 programs. These performance data and analysis results can not only help program developers and architects understand the memory performance caused by system architecture better, but also guide them in software and system optimization.
Development of a Commercial Made‐to‐Measure Garment Pattern System (1994)

Describes a PC‐based CAD system for producing made‐to‐measure garment patterns which has been developed and implemented in the commercial environment of a bridalwear manufacturer. The software simulates the hand drafting methods of the company while automating pattern production with the following benefits: first, very rapid production of made‐to measure patterns; second, production of patterns which require minimal alteration at first fitting; third, a user friendly interface with very short training period; fourth, the de‐skilling of the pattern cutting procedure so that problems of staff turnover and training are minimal; and fifth, the elimination of human error in pattern cutting. Initial software development concentrated on bodice patterns. Further enhancements included sleeves and skirts and the mixing and matching of these three components of a dress. Cutting layouts were produced using automatic layout algorithms so that the whole procedure from order and measurements entry through pattern drafting and lay‐planning to the final full scale plotting could be carried out automatically. Furthermore, a queuing system allowed several orders previously entered on the computer to be processed in succession without any intervention by an operator. All the company’s styles are now held by the computer, which is in constant use, to the exclusion of the previously used skilled and lengthy hand drafting methods.
Estimation of respiratory rate from principal components of photoplethysmographic signals (2010)

Continuous monitoring of respiratory activity is mandatory in clinical, high risk situations such as ambulatory monitoring, intensive care, stress tests and sleep disorder investigations. Extraction of surrogate respiratory activity from electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals will potentially eliminate the use of additional sensor intended to record respiration. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a simple and standard non-parametric mathematical tool for extracting relevant information from complex data sets. In this paper, PCA is exploited for extraction of surrogate respiratory activity from PPG signals. The respiratory induced intensity variations (RIIV) of PPG signal are described by coefficients of computed principal components. Singular value ratio (SVR) trend is used to find the periodicity, which is one of the key parameters in forming the data sets for PCA. Test results on MIMIC data base clearly indicated a strong correlation between the extracted and actual respiratory signals. The evaluated similarity measures, both in time (RCC-Relative Correlation Coefficient) and frequency (MSC-Magnitude Squared Coherence) domains and calculated accuracy demonstrated the fact that respiratory signal is present in the form of first principal component.
Solubilization of high‐affinity [<sup>3</sup>H]tryptamine‐binding sites from rat brain (1985)

High-affinity binding sites for [3H]tryptamine from rat brain were solubilized by treatment with detergents. Digitonin was found to be most efficient. Triton X-100 and Chaps were less and Lubrol-PX was even less effective. The properties of [3H]tryptamine binding were essentially unchanged by solubilization with digitonin. The equilibrium dissociation constant Kd was determined as 3.7 nM; the association and dissociation rates were ka = 0.019 nM-1 min-1 and kd = 0.032 min-1, respectively, resulting in a calculated Kd of 3.6 nM. The structure activity profile of membrane-bound as well as solubilized binding sites was characterized by the high affinity of some beta-carbolines, especially harmaline, and the low affinity of 5-hydroxytryptamine. On glycerol gradient centrifugation the digitonin-[3H]tryptamine-binding-site complex sedimented at 12.8 S. Size-exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 6B revealed a Stokes' radius of 5.9 nm.
Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of the Ras Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Pepticinnamin E (1998)

A modularly built bisubstrate inhibitor, the natural product pepticinnamin E (shown on the right) was sythesized for the first time. In the case of in vitro assays it inhibits the enzyme farnesyltransferase with respect to both the peptide substrate and farnesylpyrophosphate (K<sub>I</sub> = 30 and 8 μM, respectively). The inhibitory activity is decisively influenced by the central tripeptide unit and the absolute configuration of the non-proteinogenic amino acid incorporated therein.
Characterization of bacteria causing acute otitis media using Raman microspectroscopy (2017)

Otitis media (OM) is a prevalent disease that is the most frequent cause of physician visits and prescription of antibiotics for children. Current methods to diagnose OM and differentiate between the two main types of OM, acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME), rely on interpreting symptoms that may overlap between them. Since AOM requires antibiotic treatment and OME does not, there is a clinical need to distinguish between AOM and OME to determine whether antibiotic treatment is necessary and guide future prescriptions. We used an optical spectroscopy technique, Raman spectroscopy (RS), to identify and characterize the biochemical features of the three main pathogens that cause AOM <i>in vitro</i>. A Renishaw inVia confocal Raman microscope at 785 nm was used to spectrally investigate the Raman signatures of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Biochemical features or biomarkers important for classification of each bacterial species were identified and yielded a 97% accuracy of discrimination. To test the effectiveness of Raman-based bacterial classification in a clinical sample, human middle ear effusion (MEE) from patients affected by recurrent AOM was collected, cultured, and measured using RS. The probability of bacterial involvement from each of the three main bacteria that cause AOM was determined from the clinical MEE samples. These results suggest the potential of utilizing RS to aid in accurately diagnosing AOM and providing physicians with bacterial identification to guide treatment.
Contribution of TRPA1 as a Downstream Signal of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 to Pancreatic Pain (2013)

We examined if TRPA1, like TRPV1, contributes to pancreatic nociceptor excitation following proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) stimulation and to pancreatitis-related pain in mice. A PAR2-activating peptide, infused into the pancreatic duct, caused spinal Fos expression, which was prevented by AP18, a TRPA1 inhibitor. Repeated administration of cerulein caused referred hyperalgesia accompanying pancreatitis, which was reversed by SB366791, a TRPV1 inhibitor, but not AP18. AP18, administered in combination with a subeffective dose of SB366791, significantly suppressed the referred hyperalgesia. Our findings suggest that TRPA1, like TRPV1, mediates PAR2-triggered pancreatic nociception and that TRPA1 in collaboration with TRPV1 latently contributes to pancreatitis-related pain.
Circular use of plastics-transformation of existing petrochemical clusters into thermochemical recycling plants with 100% plastics recovery (2019)

Plastics represent a serious waste-handling problem, with only 10% of the plastic waste (PW) generated world-wide being recycled. The remainder follows a linear economy model, involving disposal or incineration. Thermochemical recycling provides an opportunity to close the material cycle, and this work shows how this can be achieved using the existing petrochemical infrastructure. The transformation of a generic petrochemical cluster based on virgin fossil feedstocks into a cluster that is based on PW has the following proposed sequence: (1) the feedstock is partially replaced (45% on carbon basis) by PW; (2) the feedstock is totally replaced by PW; (3) the process undergoes electrification; and (4) oxy-combustion and carbon capture and storage are introduced to achieve 100% carbon recovery in the form of monomers or permanent storage. An alternative transformation pathway that includes the introduction of biomass is also considered. The energy and carbon balances of the proposed implementation steps are resolved, and cost estimates of the savings related to the feedstock and required investments are presented. The main conclusion drawn is that switching the feedstock from virgin fossil fuels to PW (Implementation steps 1 and 2) confers economic advantages. However, the subsequent transformation steps (Implementation steps 3 and 4) can only be justified if a value is assigned to the environmental benefits, e.g., CO2 savings, increased share of biogenic carbon in plastic products, increasing recycling quotas, and/or the potential of the process to compensate for the intermittency of renewable power. It is also discussed how utilisation of the diverse compositions of PW streams by additional processes can meet the other demands of a chemical cluster.
The Long-Term Results of a Metal-Backed Mobile Bearing Patella (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series--no, or historical control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Basic Research and Clinical Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that were originally identified in bone marrow and later detected in the other connective tissues including adipose tissue. MSCs can differentiate not only into mesenchymal lineage cells but also into the other cell types such as neuronal cells and epithelial cells. In addition to their multi-lineage potential, MSCs have the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, MSCs have profound medicinal effects at body sites of tissue injury, disease, or inflammation as either endogenously or exogenously supplied. The definition of MSCs is becoming increasingly obscure due to the findings of heterogeneous populations with different levels of stemness within MSCs isolated by several different tissues. Recent studies demonstrate that Stro-1, CD271, SSEA4, and CD146 may be good markers to identify multipotent MSCs. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on our knowledge of MSCs in their phenotypic characterization, biological properties and potential for applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
Trimeric Intracellular Cation Channels and Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis (2014)

Trimeric intracellular cation channels (TRIC) represents a novel class of trimeric intracellular cation channels. Two TRIC isoforms have been identified in both the human and the mouse genomes: TRIC-A, a subtype predominantly expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells, and TRIC-B, a ubiquitous subtype expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all tissues. Genetic ablation of either TRIC-A or TRIC-B leads to compromised K(+) permeation and Ca(2+) release across the SR/ER membrane, supporting the hypothesis that TRIC channels provide a counter balancing K(+) flux that reduces SR/ER membrane depolarization for maintenance of the electrochemical gradient that drives SR/ER Ca(2+) release. TRIC-A and TRIC-B seem to have differential functions in Ca(2+) signaling in excitable and nonexcitable cells. Tric-a(-/-) mice display defective Ca(2+) sparks and spontaneous transient outward currents in arterial smooth muscle and develop hypertension, in addition to skeletal muscle dysfunction. Knockout of TRIC-B results in abnormal IP3 receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release in airway epithelial cells, respiratory defects, and neonatal lethality. Double knockout mice lacking both TRIC-A and TRIC-B show embryonic lethality as a result of cardiac arrest. Such an aggravated lethality indicates that TRIC-A and TRIC-B share complementary physiological functions in Ca(2+) signaling in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Tric-a(-/-) and Tric-b(+/-) mice are viable and susceptible to stress-induced heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that TRIC-A directly modulates the function of the cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 Ca(2+) release channel, which in turn controls store-overload-induced Ca(2+) release from the SR. Thus, the TRIC channels, in addition to providing a countercurrent for SR/ER Ca(2+) release, may also function as accessory proteins that directly modulate the ryanodine receptor/IP3 receptor channel functions.
UAV Collision Avoidance with Varying Trigger Time (2020)

This paper examines the effect that the selection of the different collision avoidance trigger time has on UAV safety and avoidance efficiency and finds the optimal trigger time for different cases. The trigger time indicates when a collision avoidance maneuver begins. An earlier trigger time is safer for the UAV to avoid all the obstacles but causes the UAV to deviate away from its intended path, while a delayed avoidance trigger action reduces overall path deviation but entails a higher risk of collision. Thus, the balance between safety and avoidance efficiency is important. Simulations for different mission scenarios show that by selecting specific avoidance trigger times, missed waypoints which are a result of the avoidance maneuver, could be reduced by over 40%. In addition, avoidance time and space required by the avoidance maneuver are also reduced, as compared to always starting the avoidance maneuver when the obstacle is first detected. Hence, selecting the avoidance trigger time can improve the performance of the UAV's avoidance maneuver, especially for real-time applications.