gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Semiconducting Diamonds (1962)

P-type semiconducting diamonds can be formed at high pressures and temperatures out of mixtures of graphite and catalyst metal (Ni, Fe, etc.) to which small amounts of B, Be, or Al have been added. The crystals may have resistivities of as low as 103 ohm-cm with activation energies for conduction ranging between 0.1 and 0.35 ev. Semiconducting crystals may also be prepared by allowing B or Be to diffuse into diamond crystals at high pressures and temperatures. The crystals prepared with high concentrations of boron are blue. No n-type crystals have been prepared so far.
Gamma knife treatment of subfoveal, classic neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study (2000)

Object. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people older than age 65 years in the western world. The visual acuity loss usually results from the ingrowth of new vessels from the choroid capillaries, so called choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a single-fraction gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) on visual acuity and the growth pattern of CNV in patients with AMD. Methods. Ten patients with a mean age of 75 years and with a subfoveal, classic CNV due to AMD were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with GKS in one fraction with a prescription dose of 10 Gy. The treatment target was the CNV located in the macula. Computerized tomography scans of the globe were obtained. After a follow up of 1 year visual acuity was stable in six patients and decreased in four. The size of the CNV could be stabilized in four patients, and in six an enlargement of these neovascular complexes was shown. No side effects, such as cataract formation, development of radiation-induced retinopathy, or optic neuropathy, have been observed so far. Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery seemed to have a beneficial effect on visual acuity in patients with AMD, but it failed to control growth of CNV in six patients. A longer follow up, a larger study population, and a randomized and controlled study are necessary for a final conclusion.
Isomeric effect of the Et(H<sub>4</sub>Ind)<sub>2</sub>Zr(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> catalyst on the copolymerization of ethylene and styrene: A computational study (2006)

Abstract A density functional theory (B3LYP) computational study of the ethylene–styrene copolymerization process using meso ‐Et(H 4 Ind) 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 as the catalyst is presented. The monomer insertion barriers in meso species are evaluated and compared with previously obtained barriers in rac diastereoisomers. Differences related to ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene–styrene copolymerization activities as well as styrene incorporation into the copolymer are found between the meso and rac diastereoisomers. Nevertheless, a migratory insertion mechanism seems to hold for both diastereoisomeric species. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4752–4761, 2006
Inhibition of <i>in vitro</i> granulopoiesis by autologous allogeneic human NK cells. (1982)

This study demonstrates the ability of human NK cells to inhibit in vitro granulopoiesis of autologous and allogeneic BM cells. NK lytic activity and GM-CFC inhibition was present among nonstimulated lymphocytes from healthy donors and could be increased by treatment of PBL with IFN. Both the cytotoxic NK cells and the GM-CFC inhibitory cells could be enriched for among nonadherent, low-density cells. High-density cells were not cytotoxic, only inhibitory to a small extent, and could become neither cytotoxic nor more inhibitory after IFN treatment. In contrast, low-density cells showed an increased cytotoxic and GM-CFC inhibitory capacity after IFN treatment. The NK mediated GM-CFC inhibition was dependent on cell contact with BM cells, increased with longer preincubation times, and was most efficient against 7-day GM-CFC as compared with 14 day GM-CFC progenitors. In conclusion, these data provide new information about the human NK cell as a potent inhibitor of in vitro granulopoiesis and also as a possible regulator of hematopoiesis in vivo.
Sequence of the gene coding for ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea (1993)

Nitrosomonas europaea, a chemolithotrophic bacterium, was found to contain two copies of the gene coding for the presumed active site polypeptide of ammonia monooxygenase, the 32-kDa acetylene-binding polypeptide. One copy of this gene was cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence is presented. Immediately downstream of this gene, in the same operon, is the gene for a 40-kDa polypeptide that copurifies with the ammonia monooxygenase acetylene-binding polypeptide. The sequence of the first 692 nucleotides of this structural gene, coding for about two-thirds of the protein, is presented. These sequences are the first sequences of protein-encoding genes from an ammonia-oxidizing autotrophic nitrifying bacterium. The two protein sequences are not homologous with the sequences of any other monooxygenase. From radioactive labelling of ammonia monooxygenase with [14C]acetylene it was determined that there are 23 nmol of ammonia monooxygenase per g of cells. The kcat of ammonia monooxygenase for NH3 in vivo was calculated to be 20 s-1.
Dendritic cells recruited to the lung shortly after intranasal delivery of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG drive the primary immune response towards a type 1 cytokine production (2003)

We showed in a previous study that the intranasal (i.n) delivery of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to BP2 mice (H-2q) inhibits eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity in a mouse model of asthma. The present work has been performed to characterize the leucocyte lineages recruited to the lungs of mice after i.n. delivery of BCG and potentially involved in the polarization of T lymphocytes. The different antigen-presenting cells (APC) recruited to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and to lung tissue of mice shortly after the delivery of BCG were analysed in parallel as well as their capacity to drive the immune response towards a T helper type 1 cytokine production. Alveolar macrophages (AM) from the BAL were CD11c+, F4/80+ and CD11b-, and in the lung tissue two major populations of potential APC were detected: one CD11c-, F4/80+, CD11b+ and I-Aq- was identified as interstitial macrophages (IM) and a second expressing CD11c+ and I-Aq+ antigens, negative for CD11b and F4/80 markers as leucocytic dendritic cells (DC). Freshly isolated DC up-regulated CD11b and CD40 antigens after overnight culture, but remained negative for CD8alpha antigen, suggesting a myeloid origin. Lung DC which produced high amount of interleukin (IL)-12 were potent inducers of naive CD4+ T lymphocyte priming, as assessed by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by these naive CD4+ T cells. Lung explants recovered long term after BCG delivery produced sustained levels of IFN-gamma. Our results suggest that AM and particularly DC by secreting IL-12 shortly after BCG delivery induce the long-term persistence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells percolating in BCG-loaded lung tissue.
The use of SPICE lumped circuits as sub-grid models for FDTD analysis (1994)

A general approach for including lumped circuit elements in a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solution of Maxwell's equations is presented. The methodology allows the direct access to SPICE to model the lumped circuits, while the full 3-dimensional solution to Maxwell's equations provides the crosstalk and dispersive properties of the microstrips and striplines in the circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CeO2 nanofibers for in situ O2 and CO sensing in harsh environments (2012)

As the most common type of harsh environment sensors, high temperature gas sensors are of paramount importance to improve combustion efficiency and control emissions. In this study, large scale and polycrystalline CeO2 nanofibers were prepared with an average diameter of 376 ± 55 nm using a facile two-step synthesis route including electrospinning and calcination. The as-prepared CeO2 nanofibers show good morphological and structural stability in high temperature environment (800–1000 °C). CeO2 nanofibers were further employed for in situ, real-time oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO) sensing at 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively, both of which showed sensitive, reversible, and reproducible response. The mechanism for distinguishable response towards O2 and CO was discussed. These results indicate that electrospun CeO2 nanofibers are a promising nanomaterial for gas sensing in harsh environments.
Dichromate Reflux Method for Determination of Oxygen Consumed (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDichromate Reflux Method for Determination of Oxygen ConsumedW. A. Moore, R. C. Kroner, and C. C. RuchhoftCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 8, 953–957Publication Date (Print):August 13, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60032a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60032a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulatory Effects of Endogenous Protease Inhibitors in Acute Lung Inflammatory Injury (1999)

Inflammatory lung injury is probably regulated by the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors together with oxidants and antioxidants, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Rat tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2) and secreted leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) were cloned, expressed, and shown to be up-regulated at the levels of mRNA and protein during lung inflammation in rats induced by deposition of IgG immune complexes. Using immunoaffinity techniques, endogenous TIMP-2 in the inflamed lung was shown to exist as a complex with 72- and 92-kDa metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). In inflamed lung both TIMP-2 and SLPI appeared to exist as enzyme inhibitor complexes. Lung expression of both TIMP-2 and SLPI appeared to involve endothelial and epithelial cells as well as macrophages. To assess how these endogenous inhibitors might affect the lung inflammatory response, animals were treated with polyclonal rabbit Abs to rat TIMP-2 or SLPI. This intervention resulted in significant intensification of lung injury (as revealed by extravascular leak of albumin) and substantially increased neutrophil accumulation, as determined by cell content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. These events were correlated with increased levels of C5a-related chemotactic activity in BAL fluids, while BAL levels of TNF-alpha and chemokines were not affected by treatment with anti-TIMP-2 or anti-SLPI. The data suggest that endogenous TIMP-2 and SLPI dynamically regulate the intensity of lung inflammatory injury, doing so at least in part by affecting the generation of the inflammatory mediator, C5a.
A Pentode Lock-In Amplifier of High Frequency Selectivity (1941)

An amplifier which is based on the scheme of heterodyning the signal to be measured with a locking-in voltage of the same frequency, as proposed originally by Cosens, is described and its characteristics are discussed. The particular design used, with the locking-in voltage applied to the screen grids of two pentodes, possesses a distinct advantage over earlier instruments because the tubes operate on a linear portion of their transfer characteristics, reducing harmonic response, and also because the main power supply is direct current, so that there is little drain on the control supply. It is found that the response band can be given a width of the order of one cycle per second without undue inconvenience or expense.
Message Bus and Distributed Object Technology (1998)

In recent years our applications have become increasingly large and monolithic, despite successful efforts to structure software internally at the class library level. A new software architecture is needed to break these monolithic applications into reusable components which can easily be assembled to create new applications. Facilities are needed to allow components from different data systems, which may be very different internally, to be combined to create heterogeneous applications. Recent research in computer science and in the commercial arena has shown us how to solve this problem. The core technologies needed to achieve this flexibility are the message bus, distributed objects, and applications frameworks. We introduce the concepts of the message bus and distributed objects and discuss the work being done at NOAO as part of the Open IRAF initiative to apply this new technology to astronomical software.
Effect of inorganic filler size on nanocomposite ion exchange membranes for salinity gradient power generation (2014)

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technique that can capture electrical potential from mixing two water streams of different salt concentration through permselective ion exchange membranes. Effective design of ion exchange membranes through structure optimization is critical to increase the feasibility of salinity gradient power production by RED. In this work, we present the preparation of organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membranes containing sulfonated polymer, poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), and sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H). The effect of silica filler size at various loading concentrations on membrane structures, electrochemical properties, and the RED power performance is investigated. The membranes containing bigger-sized fillers (70 nm) at 0.5 wt% SiO2-SO3H exhibited a relatively favorable electrochemical characteristic for power performance: an area resistance of 0.85 Ω cm2, which is around 9.3% lower than the resistance of the membranes with smaller filler particles. The power performance of this nanocomposite cation exchange membrane in a RED stack showed 10% higher power output compared with the membranes containing small particle size and achieved the highest gross power density of 1.3 W m-2. Thus, further optimized combination of material properties and membrane structure is a viable option for the development of effective ion exchange membrane design, which could provide desirable electrochemical performance and greater power production by RED.
Breakdown Enhancement and Current Collapse Suppression by High-Resistivity GaN Cap Layer in Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2017)

In this letter, a device structure of high-resistivity-cap-layer HEMT (HRCL-HEMT) is developed for normally-off p-GaN gate HEMT toward high breakdown voltage and low current collapse. It demonstrates that the breakdown capability and current collapse of the device were effectively improved due to the introduction of a thick HR-GaN cap layer. The fabricated HRCL-HEMT exhibits a high breakdown voltage of 1020 V at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 10 μA/mm with the substrate grounded. Meanwhile, the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> is only 2.4 times the static R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> after off-state V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> stress of 1000 V with the substrate grounded (the OFF to ON switching time interval is set to 200 μs).
Fusion of Visual and Thermal Signatures with Eyeglass Removal for Robust Face Recognition (2005)

This paper describes a fusion of visual and thermal infrared (IR) images for robust face recognition. Two types of fusion methods are discussed: data fusion and decision fusion. Data fusion produces an illumination-invariant face image by adaptively integrating registered visual and thermal face images. Decision fusion combines matching scores of individual face recognition modules. In the data fusion process, eyeglasses, which block thermal energy, are detected from thermal images and replaced with an eye template. Three fusion-based face recognition techniques are implemented and tested: Data fusion of visual and thermal images (Df), Decision fusion with highest matching score (Fh), and Decision fusion with average matching score (Fa). A commercial face recognition software FaceIt® is used as an individual recognition module. Comparison results show that fusion-based face recognition techniques outperformed individual visual and thermal face recognizers under illumination variations and facial expressions.
Data mining approach for user profile generation on advertisement serving (2016)

Advertisement serving on website is a prosperous business with huge market and millions of dollar prospect. By placing right advertisement at right time and place to right people, advertiser can increase their revenue by huge margin. The question is how advertiser and broker can push the right advertisement to the right user. User profiling can be used to analyze user's behavior and predict what kind of advertisement should be served to the website user. Data mining approach can be harnessed to help with user profiling process. With data mining technique, user's trace can be used as data source for behavior analysis. This research is used to do user profiling based on their browsing history stored on proxy server. Their browsing history serves as the basis of content crawling for content analysis using Multinomial Naïve Bayes classifier based text classification. The result of profiling then will be used as the basis for serving advertisement to user. The result of content analysis is validated by asking user's preferences and comparing it with profile generated by classifier engine.
Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Dust Transport over Surface Mining Areas and Neighbouring Residential Zones (2008)

Projects focusing on spatio-temporal modelling of the living environment need to manage a wide range of terrain measurements, existing spatial data, time series, results of spatial analysis and inputs/outputs from numerical simulations. Thus, GISs are often used to manage data from remote sensors, to provide advanced spatial analysis and to integrate numerical models. In order to demonstrate the integration of spatial data, time series and methods in the framework of the GIS, we present a case study focused on the modelling of dust transport over a surface coal mining area, exploring spatial data from 3D laser scanners, GPS measurements, aerial images, time series of meteorological observations, inputs/outputs form numerical models and existing geographic resources. To achieve this, digital terrain models, layers including GPS thematic mapping, and scenes with simulation of wind flows are created to visualize and interpret coal dust transport over the mine area and a neighbouring residential zone. A temporary coal storage and sorting site, located near the residential zone, is one of the dominant sources of emissions. Using numerical simulations, the possible effects of wind flows are observed over the surface, modified by natural objects and man-made obstacles. The coal dust drifts with the wind in the direction of the residential zone and is partially deposited in this area. The simultaneous display of the digital map layers together with the location of the dominant emission source, wind flows and protected areas enables a risk assessment of the dust deposition in the area of interest to be performed. In order to obtain a more accurate simulation of wind flows over the temporary storage and sorting site, 3D laser scanning and GPS thematic mapping are used to create a more detailed digital terrain model. Thus, visualization of wind flows over the area of interest combined with 3D map layers enables the exploration of the processes of coal dust deposition at a local scale. In general, this project could be used as a template for dust-transport modelling which couples spatial data focused on the construction of digital terrain models and thematic mapping with data generated by numerical simulations based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations.
Preparation of Pickering Emulsions and Colloidosomes with Relatively Narrow Size Distributions by Stirred Cell Membrane Emulsification (2011)

Stirred cell membrane emulsification has been used to prepare Pickering emulsions and covalently cross-linked colloidosomes using poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) stabilized polystyrene particles as the sole emulsifier. Pickering emulsions of 44-269 μm in size can be prepared with coefficients of variation as low as 25%, by varying the emulsification parameters. The cell membranes consisted of 5 μm pores with a pore-to-pore spacing of 200 μm. Significantly more uniform emulsions are produced when these open pores are restricted to a narrow ring around the membrane surface. Increasing the oil flux rate through this annular ring membrane increases both the size and polydispersity of the resulting emulsion droplets. There was no evidence for a "push off" force contributing to droplet detachment over the oil flux range investigated. Increasing the paddle stirrer speed from 500 to 1500 rpm reduces the average droplet diameter from 269 to 51 μm while simultaneously decreasing the coefficient of variation from 47% to 25%. Any further increase in surface shear led to droplet breakup within the dispersion cell and resulted in a significantly more polydisperse emulsion. The Pickering emulsions reported here have much narrower droplet size distributions than those prepared in control experiments by conventional homogenization (25% vs 74% coefficients of variation). Finally, low polydispersity colloidosomes can be conveniently prepared by the addition of an oil soluble polymeric cross-linker to the dispersed phase to react with the stabilizer chains.
Modeling and Estimation of Spatially-Varying Point-Spread Functions due to Lens Aberrations and Defocus (2022)

Many image restoration and analysis approaches in the literature rely on an accurate characterization of the linear blur kernel for an image, the point-spread function (PSF). Existing PSF models are either parameterized and spatially-invariant, or spatially-varying and discretely-defined. In this thesis, we propose a parameterized, spatially-varying PSF model to describe the blur due to lens aberrations and defocus. The model follows from the combination of several geometric camera models, and the Seidel third-order aberration model. We propose a novel estimation algorithm for computing the parameters of the aberration model from a set of PSF observations, and we demonstrate through simulation that this yields a more reliable set of PSF estimates. In simulated PSF sets with spread measure noise as strong as 10 dB SNR, the proposed model consistently led to PSF estimates with a 5 dB SNR improvement over the observations, and typically a 10 dB SNR improvement.