gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roosting Ecology of the Pallid Bat, Antrozous pallidus (1976)

Daytime roosting behavior of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) was studied in central Arizona. Bats were present in the area from March or April until November and roosted in cliffs in colonies generally including 20 or more individuals. Pallid bats were highly selective in their choice of roost sites and minimized diurnal energy output by adaptive hypothermia and behavioral thermoregulation. In spring and autumn the bats roosted in vertical crevices responsive to changes in ambient temperatures. Here temperatures remained low and the bats were torpid for much of the day, but when the crevices became heated in the late afternoon the bats were passively warmed prior to emergence. Deep, horizontal crevices were preferred in summer; cliffs function as massive heat sinks, and in summer crevice temperatures remained moderate and relatively stable. Throughout most of the day both the deep parts of the crevices and the body temperatures of the bats remained close to 30°C; at this body temperature pallid bats have unexpectedly low metabolic rates (Trune, 1974). By adjusting their positions and closeness to other bats in the thermal gradient within the crevice, bats dissipate heat early in the day, maintain a low metabolic rate through most of the day and elevate the body temperature prior to emergence in the evening. Of vital importance to pallid bats in the summer are social behaviors that promote communal roosting at “traditional” crevices.
Wide-angle low-loss single-mode symmetric Y-junctions (1994)

A wide-angle low-loss single-mode symmetric Y-junction with a pair of integrated microprisms is proposed. The microprisms compensate the phase mismatch caused by branching to reduce the radiation loss. Device performance is examined numerically by the beam propagation method. The results show that the transmission loss can be less than 0.81 dB even if the branching angle is as large as 20/spl deg/. Moreover, a simple rule is presented for the design of the prisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Wide-Range Voltage-to-Time Converter (1973)

The principle of operation of a novel linear time-delay circuit is described. The circuit is based on the Miller integrator principle and incorporates the ramp-generating function, the amplitude comparison, and the resetting action into a gate-generating circuit. The linearity of the sweep voltage is the highest possible that can be obtained with one transistor ramp generator. Wide delay range with a single timing capacitor and high duty cycle is obtained.
Acoustic-surface-wave filters (1969)

Two examples of filters using Rayleigh waves, at the frequencies of 25 MHz and 150 MHz, are described. The shape, almost rectangular, of the frequency response is determined by drawing one transducer.
<i>In vitro</i>pharmacological characterization of AM1241: a protean agonist at the cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub>receptor? (2006)

The unusual phenomenon of inconsistent functional efficacies suggests that AM1241 is a protean agonist at the CB2 receptor. We postulate that functional efficacies displayed by protean agonists in various assay systems may depend on the levels of receptor constitutive activities exhibited in the assay systems, and therefore, efficacies observed in in vitro assays may not predict in vivo activities.
Differential expansion of T‐cell receptor variable beta subsets after antigenic stimulation in patients with different outcomes of hepatitis C infection (2002)

Persistent antigenic stimulation during chronic hepatitis C may alter the T-cell receptor variable chain beta (TCR BV) repertoire as well as the cytokine responses of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T lymphocytes. We analysed the distribution of the TCR BV subsets 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8, 13.1, 13.6, 14.1, 17.1, 21.3 in relation to intracytoplasmic expression of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Using flow cytometry, CD45RO+ memory T cells of 27 patients with chronic hepatitis C, eight patients with resolved HCV infection and 16 non-HCV-related controls were studied with and without stimulation by the HCV core, NS3, NS4, NS5a and NS5b proteins. Patients with chronic and resolved hepatitis C differed by larger basal TCR BV2.1+, BV6.1+, BV17.1+ and BV21.3+ subsets in chronic hepatitis C, which were correlated to the numbers of T cells with spontaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production (r=0.51-0.73, P<0.05). Upon HCV-specific stimulation these subsets did not expand, whereas a marked in vitro expansion of TCR BV8+ T cells in response to all HCV proteins was selectively noted in chronic hepatitis C (P<0.05). This expansion of TCR BV8+ memory T cells was significantly correlated to HCV-induced interleukin-10 expression (r=0.58-0.98, P<0.01). Thus, differential involvement of selected TCR BV subsets may be related to the outcome of HCV infection.
Characteristics of progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with corticobasal syndrome: a cortical variant (2013)

A better understanding of the factors that influence the selective pathological vulnerability in different PSP variants will provide further insights into the neurodegenerative process underlying tauopathies.
Arbitrary Sampling Method for Nonlinearity Identification of Frequency Multipliers (2008)

It is presented that sampling rates for behavioral modeling of quasi-memory less nonlinear devices can be far less than the Nyquist rate of the input signal. Although it has been believed that the sampling rate of nonlinear device modeling should be at least the Nyquist rate of the output signal, this paper suggests that far less than the Nyquist rate of the input signal can be applied to the modeling of quasi-memoryless nonlinear devices, such as frequency multipliers. To verify, a QPSK signal at 820 MHz were applied to a frequency tripler, whereby the device can be utilized as an up-converting mixer into 2.46 GHz with the aid of digital predistortion. AM-AM, AM-PM and PM-PM can be successfully measured regardless of sampling rates.
Levels of α7 integrin and laminin-α2 are increased following prednisone treatment in the<i>mdx</i>mouse and GRMD dog models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2013)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease for which there is no cure and limited treatment options. Prednisone is currently the first line treatment option for DMD and studies have demonstrated that it improves muscle strength. Although prednisone has been used for the treatment of DMD for decades, the mechanism of action of this drug remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the α7β1 integrin is a major modifier of disease progression in mouse models of DMD and is therefore a target for drug-based therapies. In this study we examined whether prednisone increased α7β1 integrin levels in mdx mouse and GRMD dog models and myogenic cells from humans with DMD. Our results show that prednisone promotes an increase in α7 integrin protein in cultured myogenic cells and in the muscle of mdx and GRMD animal models of DMD. The prednisone-mediated increase in α7 integrin was associated with increased laminin-α2 in prednisone-treated dystrophin-deficient muscle. Together, our results suggest that prednisone acts in part through increased merosin in the muscle basal lamina and through sarcolemmal stabilization of α7β1 integrin in dystrophin-deficient muscle. These results indicate that therapies that target an increase in muscle α7β1 integrin, its signaling pathways and/or laminin could be therapeutic in DMD.
Integrated Simulations of a Compressor/Combustor Assembly of a Gas Turbine Engine (2005)

We present an approach to simulate the flow in turbomachinery and combustor simultaneously. This method allows predicting interactions between single components of a gas turbine. Two separate flow solvers, one for the turbomachinery, and one for the combustor is used. The flow solvers are executed simultaneously, each computing a section of the flow, and constantly exchanging flow information at the interfaces. We present the approach and its validation. We then apply the approach to a real engine geometry and simulate the interactions between the compressor and the prediffuser of a combustor.
A New Practical Strategy for the Synthesis of Long-Chain Phosphopeptide. (2000)

A new practical strategy has been developed for the synthesis of long-chain phosphopeptide. Both the 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (CIZ) group for Lys and methyl (Me) for phosphoamino acids remained intact, while other commonly used side-chain protecting groups were cleaved quantitatively, during the reaction using a highly acidic trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA)-based reagent system (High TFMSA: TFMSA-TFA-m-cresol=1:9:1, v/v). Selective deprotection of the CIZ and Me group-containing protected phosphopeptide resin with the High TFMSA gave a partially protected phosphopeptide fragment suitable for thioester-mediated fragment condensation. A deprotection protocol of the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group, which evades significant side reaction toward the protected phosphoamino acid, was also developed. These two new findings enabled us to synthesize long-chain phosphopeptide via thioester-mediated fragment condensation.
Multispectral nanoparticle contrast agents for true-color spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2012)

We have recently developed a novel dual window scheme for processing spectroscopic OCT images to provide spatially resolved true color imaging of chromophores in scattering samples. Here we apply this method to measure the extinction spectra of plasmonic nanoparticles at various concentrations for potential in vivo applications. We experimentally demonstrate sub-nanomolar sensitivity in the measurement of nanoparticle concentrations, and show that colorimetric imaging with multiple species of nanoparticles produces enhanced contrast for spectroscopic OCT in both tissue phantom and cell studies.
Quantifying In Vivo Phosphoinositide Turnover in Chemotactically Competent Dictyostelium Cells (2009)

Phosphoinositide (PI) signalling is one of multiple signalling cascades involved in chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. PI signalling comprises a complex interaction of multiple enzymes, each with multiple phospholipid substrates and thus products, often relying upon several enzymes in series to produce a signal. PI turnover, controlled by both kinases and phosphatases, is also rapidly triggered and spatially constricted. This complexity makes understanding acute regulation of these signalling components problematic. However, the ubiquitous and extensive roles of phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)), in cell signalling and developmental processes make understanding the production of these compounds of great importance. We have shown the acute reduction of PI phosphorylation in response to a widely used bipolar disorder and epilepsy treatment, valproic acid, as a potential therapeutic role for the drug using chemotactically competent Dictyostelium. Here we describe a means for measuring acute in vivo phospholipid labelling in Dictyostelium.
Mutagens and Carcinogens in Foods (1986)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Practical and Secure Software-Based Attestation (2011)

Software-based attestation can be used for guaranteed detection of any active malware on a device. This promises a significant advance in the battle against malware, including mobile malware. However, most software based attestation methods are either heuristic or unsuitable for mobile computing - and often both. One recent software-based attestation method uses so-called memory-printing to produce a software-based attestation technique with provable properties. We describe a novel memory-printing algorithm that improves on that work by being more than an order of magnitude faster, while avoiding commonly used and questionable security assumptions. This results in a truly practical and arguable secure solution - taking less than 3 seconds on a 600 MHz processor with 256 MB RAM. Our work finds applications to malware defense and trusted computing in general, and mobile malware defense in particular.
Theory and Application of UDS (2001)

The study of Uniform Droplet Spray - UDS was initiated in USA in recent years. The UDS process produces deposits with microstructures characterized by fine, equiaxed grains and overcomes the disadvantages in the conventional spray forming processes, such as gas atomization. Its potential market is very large.
Optical, electrical, and photophysical properties of films of polycomplexes of azobenzene derivatives with cobalt (2006)

The absorption spectra, photoconductivity, and electrical conductivity of films of new polycomplexes of 4-methacyloyloxy-(4′-carboxy-3′-oxy)azobenzene and 4-methacryloyloxy-2-nitro-(4′-carboxy-3′-oxy)azobenzene with cobalt were investigated with switched-off and switched-on external electric fields. The effect of an external electric field on the transmission of linearly polarized light through films near the long-wavelength absorption edge is revealed. It is shown that the change in the light transmission under the action of an external electric field is due to the spatial reorientation of the dipole moments of azobenzene groups photoinduced by polarized light in an external electric field. The effect of an electric field on the light transmission is explained by the formation of forces acting on the dipole moments of azobenzene groups and on metal ions. The increase in the dipole moments of azobenzene groups as a result of introduction of nitro groups into their composition decreases the effect of cobalt ions on the electro-optical properties of polycomplex films.
Perceptible level lines and isoperimetric ratio (2000)

This paper introduces a simple criterion to select the most important level lines from the numerous set obtained with a topographic map. A topographic map gives a morphological and a geometrical representation of the information contained in natural images. Most of level lines are perceptually negligible and may be removed without noticeable distortion. Such curves, which do not carry information on the shape of the objects, are oscillating very quickly. They can be discriminated from the others by means of the isoperimetric ratio of the region they delimit. The main advantage of the isoperimetric criterion lies in its invariance with respect to contrast changes. As a result of, the topographic map of the remaining level lines achieves a segmentation of the image with most borders matching the perceptual edges. This segmentation being invariant under changes of contrast is a great alternative to classical segmentation or edge detection methods, when used to compare the content of two images, such as in stereo matching or motion analysis applications.
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of spherical magnetite nanoparticles (2003)

We present a detailed study of static and dynamic magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with average particle sizes 〈d〉 ranging from 5 to 150 nm. Bulk-like properties such as saturation magnetization, hyperfine parameters, coercive field, and Verwey transition are observed in 150 nm particles. For decreasing particle size, the Verwey temperature, TV, shifts down to ∼20 K for 〈d〉=50 nm and is no longer observable for smaller particles. The smallest particles (〈d〉=5 nm) display superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, with transition to a blocked state at TB∼45 K, which depends on the applied field. The existence of surface spin disorder can be inferred from the decrease of saturation magnetization MS at low temperatures, as the average particle size is reduced. This disordered surface did not show effects of exchange coupling to the particle core, as observed from hysteresis loops after field cooling in a 7 T magnetic field. For particles with 〈d〉=5 nm, dynamic ac susceptibility measurements show a thermally activated Arrhenius–Néel dependence of the blocking temperature with applied frequency. The interparticle interactions are found to influence the energy barriers yielding an enhancement of the estimated magnetic anisotropy. From the calculus of the magnetic anisotropy, it is inferred that there is no structural transition from cubic to triclinic symmetry for 〈d〉=5 nm, in agreement with the absence of the Verwey transition. A value K1=4.68×105 erg/cm3 is obtained for the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of the cubic phase.
Dynamic, context-specific SON management driven by operator objectives (2014)

The management and operation of a Self-Organizing Network (SON)-enabled mobile network still requires considerable human effort. On the one hand, SON Functions need to be configured through low-level parameters in order to control the optimization of the network. On the other hand, an operator wants to steer the system with solely technical objectives, and the underlying network should be adapted accordingly. This opens up a gap in network management that is currently closed manually. This paper presents an approach that overcomes the manual gap between technical objectives and SON Functions by choosing the best values for the SON Functions' configurations automatically. Main advantage of this approach is that it allows to manage a system at a high level of abstraction and, at the same time, reduces manual effort. The approach is explained by applying it in a case study in the field of mobile networks with four SON Functions, namely Mobility Load Balancing (MLB), Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO), Energy Savings Management (ESM) and Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO).
Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotics unable to take <i>β</i>‐blockers: a randomized trial of ligation (2005)

Summary Aim : To compare endoscopic banding ligation vs. no treatment in cirrhotics with intolerance or contraindications to β ‐blockers for prevention of first bleeding in portal hypertension. Methods : A sample size of 214 was planned with all sizes of varices. However, the trial was stopped due to increased bleeding in 52 patients in the ligation group. The baseline severity liver disease and endoscopic features were similar. Ligation group: 25 (M/F = 21/4, mean age: 60 ± 9.37 years); 27 not‐treated group: 27 (M/F = 17/10, mean age: 63 ± 10.27). Results : The mean follow‐up period was 19.5 ± 13.3months: five bled in the ligation group (20%), three from varices (two after banding at 11 and 17 days; one during the procedure), and two from gastropathy; two bled in the not‐treated group (7%– two both varices) ( P = 0.24). There were seven deaths in the ligation group and 11 in the not‐treated group ( P = 0.39). Conclusion : Sixty per cent of the bleeding in the banding group was probably iatrogenic, requiring the study to be stopped. Endoscopic banding ligation was no better than no treatment. This study suggests that ligation may be harmful when used as primary prophylaxis, similar to prophylactic sclerotherapy in the past.
Animal<i>v</i>. plant foods in human diets and health: is the historical record unequivocal? (1999)

An ideal diet is one that promotes optimal health and longevity. Throughout history, human societies have developed varieties of dietary patterns based on available food plants and animals that successfully supported growth and reproduction. As economies changed from scarcity to abundance, principal diet-related diseases have shifted from nutrient deficiencies to chronic diseases related to dietary excesses. This shift has led to increasing scientific consensus that eating more plant foods but fewer animal foods would best promote health. This consensus is based on research relating dietary factors to chronic disease risks, and to observations of exceptionally low chronic disease rates among people consuming vegetarian, Mediterranean and Asian diets. One challenge to this consensus is the idea that palaeolithic man consumed more meat than currently recommended, and that this pattern is genetically determined. If such exists, a genetic basis for ideal proportions of plant or animal foods is difficult to determine; hominoid primates are largely vegetarian, current hunter-gatherer groups rely on foods that can be obtained most conveniently, and the archeological record is insufficient to determine whether plants or animals predominated. Most evidence suggests that a shift to largely plant-based diets would reduce chronic disease risks among industrialized and rapidly-industrializing populations. The accomplish this shift, it will be necessary to overcome market-place barriers and to develop new policies that will encourage greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and grains as a means to promote public health.
CILAT ? a new reagent for quantitative proteomics (2007)

We report the development of a new reagent, called CILAT (Cleavable Isobaric Labeled Affinity Tag), for quantitative proteomics, which represents an improvement over current ICAT (Isotope-Coded Affinity Tag) and iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) methods.
Person Re-identification Meets Image Search (2015)

For long time, person re-identification and image search are two separately studied tasks. However, for person re-identification, the effectiveness of local features and the "query-search" mode make it well posed for image search techniques. In the light of recent advances in image search, this paper proposes to treat person re-identification as an image search problem. Specifically, this paper claims two major contributions. 1) By designing an unsupervised Bag-of-Words representation, we are devoted to bridging the gap between the two tasks by integrating techniques from image search in person re-identification. We show that our system sets up an effective yet efficient baseline that is amenable to further supervised/unsupervised improvements. 2) We contribute a new high quality dataset which uses DPM detector and includes a number of distractor images. Our dataset reaches closer to realistic settings, and new perspectives are provided. Compared with approaches that rely on feature-feature match, our method is faster by over two orders of magnitude. Moreover, on three datasets, we report competitive results compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Imaging Within Complex Velocity Structures with General Acquisition Geomtry (1996)

High frequency linearized inversion estimates a critical component of the earth's velocity field from measurements of scattered acoustic waves captured in various acquisition geometries. The method partitions the velocity field into two components: an assumed long scale velocity component and an unknown short scale velocity component. In strongly refacting (complex) velocity fields, several scattering paths (pairs of incident and reflected rays) with equal traveltimes produce artifacts in the short scale velocity's inverted image. This article explains how to determine whether images for certain acquisition geometries and long scale velocity fields will be artifact-free. To produce an artifact-free image in a complex velocity field, scattering paths must be reconstructable from two pieces of information: (a) The traveltime for the pair of rays and (b) The projection of the rays into the phase space of the source-receiver configuration. Numerical illustrations confirm that a point source can produce artifacts if a caustic develops in the incident ray field. A new acquisition geometry achieved by averaging several point source images adds information to (b) and thus removes these artifacts.