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MECHANISMS OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA Human T Helper Type 1 and Type 2 Subsets Hans Yssel Mechanisms of Allergic Asthma: A Th2 Disease Douglas S. Robinson and A. Barry Kay Mechanisms of Asthma: Asthma Is an Allergic Disease Lisa M. Wheatley and Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in Asthma Jean Bousquet, Pascal Chanez, Antonio M. Vignola, and Philippe Godard The Prognosis and Natural History of Asthma Jorrit Gerritsen, Marion H. Grol, Jan P. Schouten, and Dirkje S. Postma ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY Current Knowledge Allergen Immunotherapy: Therapeutic Vaccines for Allergic Diseases (WHO Position Paper, Executive Summary) Jean Bousquet, Richard F. Lockey, and Hans-Jorgen Malling Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: New Strategies Using Recombinant Allergens Alisa M. Smith and Martin D. Chapman Elimination of Allergens Frederic de Blay, Francois Spirlet, Martine Ott, Jean-Claude Bessot, and Gabrielle Pauli Standardization of Allergens Jean Bousquet and Francois-Bernard Michel Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Past and Present Philip S. Norman Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Mechanisms of Immunotherapy Jerome Pene and Jean Bousquet Objectives of Immunotherapy in Asthma Anthony J. Frew Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy for Asthma: Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Michael J. Abramson, Robert M. Puy, and John M. Weiner Noninjective Immunotherapy: Present Knowledge and Experimental Evidence Giovanni Passalacqua, Gian Enrico Senna, and Giorgio Walter Canonica Pediatric Issues in Immunotherapy Errka Valovirta International Recommendations Hans-Jorgen Malling New Forms of Specific Immunotherapy Peptide-Mediated Immunomodulation as Therapy for Allergic Disorders Nanna S. Kristensen, Hans Yssel, and Jonathan R. Lamb Potential of Recombinant Allergens as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Allergy and Asthma Shyam S. Mohapatra Molecular Characterization of Allergens, Their B-Cell Epitopes, and Allergen-Specific Antibodies for Allergy Prevention and Treatment Rudolf Valenta, Susanne Vrtala, Tanja Ball, Sylvia Laffer, Petra Eibensteiner, Peter Steinberger, Sabine Flicker, Sabine Fischer, Irene Mittermann, Susanne Spitzauer, and Dietrich Kraft Tolerogenic Peptides: Clinical Experience in Allergy Christopher F. Nicodemus and George Philip Manipulation of the Idiotypic Network: An Alternative Approach to Treat Allergic Asthma? Yvan Boutin and Jacques Hebert The Use of Allergen-Specific Antibodies for Immunotherapy Jean-Marie R. Saint-Remy REGULATION OF IgE INFLAMMATION Immunoglobulin Anti-Immunoglobulin E Therapy for Asthma Pascal Demoly, Dany Jaffuel, and Jean Bousquet Immunoglobulin Receptors Expression and Function of the High-Affinity Receptor for Immunoglobulin E in Asthma Marie-Helane Jouvin and Jean-Pierre Kinet Factors Modulating Allergen-Induced Histamine Release: Fc-Receptors, Antibodies, and Allergens Ronald van Ree Regulation of Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Inflammation by Soluble Fragments of the High-Affinity Immunoglobulin E Receptor Brian J. Sutton and Hannah J. Gould Regulation of Immunoglobulin E Inflammation: Anti-Immunoglobulin E Autoantibodies Beda M. Stadler, Monique Vogel, Michael P. Rudolf, Sylvia Margaret Miescher, Adrian Walter Zuercher, and Franz Kricek NON-IMMUNOGLOBULIN E-DEPENDENT IMMUNOTHERAPY Non-Immunoglobulin E-Dependent Immunotherapy: Treatment of Asthma with Inhaled Interferon Gamma Gideon Lack, Donald Y. M. Leung, and Erwin W. Gelfand Role of Interleukin-5 in Eosinophil-Based Diseases Francis M. Cuss, Richard W. Chapman, Shelby P. Umland, Michael Minnicozzi, and Robert W. Egan PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA: IS IT POSSIBLE? Primary Prevention of Atopic Asthma: Prophylactic Strategies Based on Immunomodulation of Host Responses During Childhood Patrick G. Holt Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma Erika von Mutius The Genetic Basis of Allergy and Asthma Pamela J. Amelung and Eugene R. Bleecker Gene Therapy Strategies for Asthma Pascal Demoly, Dany Jaffuel, Jean Bousquet, Philippe Godard, and Francois-Bernard Michel