gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Dimensional Hyperbolic Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2020)

Knowledge graph (KG) embeddings learn lowdimensional representations of entities and relations to predict missing facts. KGs often exhibit hierarchical and logical patterns which must be preserved in the embedding space. For hierarchical data, hyperbolic embedding methods have shown promise for high-fidelity and parsimonious representations. However, existing hyperbolic embedding methods do not account for the rich logical patterns in KGs. In this work, we introduce a class of hyperbolic KG embedding models that simultaneously capture hierarchical and logical patterns. Our approach combines hyperbolic reflections and rotations with attention to model complex relational patterns. Experimental results on standard KG benchmarks show that our method improves over previous Euclidean-and hyperbolic-based efforts by up to 6.1% in mean reciprocal rank (MRR) in low dimensions. Furthermore, we observe that different geometric transformations capture different types of relations while attentionbased transformations generalize to multiple relations. In high dimensions, our approach yields new state-of-the-art MRRs of 49.6% on WN18RR and 57.7% on YAGO3-10.
Direct measurement of C/sub be/ and C/sub bc/ versus voltage for small HBT's with microwave s-parameters for scaled Gummel-Poon BJT models (1999)

A novel method for determining the junction capacitances versus voltage in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) using s-parameters at microwave frequencies is presented. This new technique has several advantages over traditional approaches, which include: (1) it profiles capacitance at greater forward bias; (2) it enables the direct measurement of minimum geometry transistors; (3) it allows for the accurate extraction of scaled HBT model parameters with emitter length; and (4) it results in improved pad parasitic deembedding for accurate modeling. Both the capacitance-voltage and large-signal HBT model results are shown.
Transit through the gut measured by analysis of a single stool. (1976)

A method is described for measuring transit time through the gut which requires the collection of only one stool. A dose of 20 radio-opaque markers is given to the subject on each of three consecutive days with breakfast, each dose of marker being of a different type. The first stool passed after rising on the fourth day is collected and its marker content analysed. The method has been validated in 15 subjects by comparing it on 36 occasions with mean transit time measured by a continuous marker technique (MTT-C). In 35 of these studies transit measured from a single stool (SST) and MTT-C were significantly correlated R = 0.78 P less than 0.001. In one study the designated stool contained none of the SST markers. An alternative way of validating the SST method is described by comparing it with the average of the three mean transit times from three separate doses of marker (MTT-S). The average MTT-S agreed very closely with MTT-C in 36 studies R = 0.94 P less than 0.001 and proved a satisfactory alternative method for validating transit techniques. In a total of 66 studies in 22 subjects average MTT-S correlated significantly with SST, R = 0.85 P less than 0.001.
Enamine-assisted facile generation of trifluoroacetaldehyde from trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal and its carbon–carbon bond forming reaction leading to β-hydroxy-β-trifluoromethyl ketones (1998)

K. Funabiki, M. Nojiri, M. Matsui and K. Shibata, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2051 DOI: 10.1039/A804922J
Cloning and expression of a murein hydrolase lipoprotein from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

On the basis of the published N-terminal amino acid sequence of the soluble lytic transglycosylase 35 (Slt35) of Escherichia coli, an open reading frame (ORF) was cloned from the 60.8 min region of the E. coli chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of the ORF, containing a putative lipoprotein-processing site, was shown by [3H]-palmitate labelling to encode a lipoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 36 kDa. A larger protein, presumably the prolipoprotein form, accumulated in the presence of globomycin. Over-expression of the gene, designated mltB (for membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase B), caused a 55-fold increase in murein hydrolase activity in the membrane fraction and resulted in rapid cell lysis. After membrane fractionation by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, most of the induced enzyme activity was present in the outer and intermediate membrane fractions. Murein hydrolase activity in the soluble fraction of a homogenate of cells induced for MltB increased with time. This release of enzyme activity into the supernatant could be inhibited by the addition of the serine-protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. It is concluded that the previously isolated Slt35 protein is a proteolytic degradation product of the murein hydrolase lipoprotein MltB. Surprisingly, a deletion in the mltB gene showed no obvious phenotype.
Methods of Data Processing for Trace Elements Analysis Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2015)

With the development of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), increasing numbers of researchers have begun to focus on problems of the application. We are not just satisfied with analyzing what kinds of elements are in the samples but are also eager to accomplish quantitative detection with LIBS. There are several means to improve the limit of detection and stability, which are important to quantitative detection, especially of trace elements, increasing the laser energy and the resolution of spectrometer, using dual pulse setup, vacuuming the ablation environment etc. All of these methods are about to update the hardware system, which is effective but expensive. So we establish the following spectrum data processing methods to improve the trace elements analysis in this paper: spectrum sifting, noise filtering, and peak fitting. There are small algorithms in these three method groups, which we will introduce in detail. Finally, we discuss how these methods affect the results of trace elements detection in an experiment to analyze the lead content in Chinese cabbage.
Small Airway Disease and Emphysema Are Associated with Future Exacerbations in Smokers with CT-derived Bronchiectasis and COPD: Results from the COPDGene Cohort (2021)

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis can overlap and share pathologic features, such as small airway disease (SAD). Whether the presence of SAD and emphysema in smokers with CT-derived bronchiectasis is associated with exacerbations is unknown. Purpose To assess whether SAD and emphysema in smokers with CT-derived bronchiectasis are associated with future exacerbations. Materials and Methods SAD and emphysema were quantified using the parametric response map method in former and current heavy smokers with and without bronchiectasis at CT from the COPDGene Study (from July 2009 to July 2018). Exacerbations were prospectively assessed through biannual follow-up. An exacerbation was defined as an increase in or new onset of respiratory symptoms treated with antibiotics and/or corticosteroids. Severe exacerbations were defined as those that required hospitalization. The association of a high burden of SAD (≥15.6%) and high burden of emphysema (≥5%) at CT with exacerbations was assessed with generalized linear mixed models. Results Of 737 participants, 387 (median age, 64 years [interquartile range, 58-71 years]; 223 women) had CT-derived bronchiectasis. During a 9-year follow-up, after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, current smoking status, pack-years, exacerbations before study entry, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, or FEV<sub>1</sub>, and bronchiectasis severity CT score, high burden of SAD and high burden of emphysema were associated with a higher number of exacerbations per year (relative risk [RR], 1.89 [95% CI: 1.54, 2.33] and 1.37 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.66], respectively; <i>P</i> ≤ .001 for both). Results were comparable among participants with bronchiectasis meeting criteria for COPD (<i>n</i> = 197) (RR, 1.67 [95% CI: 1.23, 2.27] for high burden of SAD and 1.51 [95% CI: 1.20, 1.91] for high burden of emphysema; <i>P</i> ≤ .001 for both). Conclusion In smokers with CT-derived bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, structural damage to lung parenchyma and small airways was associated with a higher number of exacerbations per year. Clinical trial registration no. NCT00608764 © RSNA, 2021.
Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action (2020)

There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of new neuroprotective molecules. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an expanding and relatively novel class of compounds, which possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. Intriguingly, CARPs possess a combination of biological properties unprecedented for a neuroprotective agent including the ability to traverse cell membranes and enter the CNS, antagonize calcium influx, target mitochondria, stabilize proteins, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, induce pro-survival signaling, scavenge toxic molecules, and reduce oxidative stress as well as, having a range of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer actions. CARPs have also been used as carrier molecules for the delivery of other putative neuroprotective agents across the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier. However, there is increasing evidence that the neuroprotective efficacy of many, if not all these other agents delivered using a cationic arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CCPPs) carrier (e.g., TAT) may actually be mediated largely by the properties of the carrier molecule, with overall efficacy further enhanced according to the amino acid composition of the cargo peptide, in particular its arginine content. Therefore, in reviewing the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CARPs we also consider studies using CCPPs fused to a putative neuroprotective peptide. We review the history of CARPs in neuroprotection and discuss in detail the intrinsic biological properties that may contribute to their cytoprotective effects and their usefulness as a broad-acting class of neuroprotective drugs.
Studies on D-Glucose-isomerizing Enzyme from Bacillus coagulans, Strain HN-68 (1970)

Purified enzyme preparation obtained from Bacillus coagulans, strain HN-68 requires Co2+ for D-glucose- and D-ribose-isomerizing activities and Mn2+ for D-xylose-isomerizing activity. The values of Km for D-glucose, D-xylose and D-ribose were 9×10-2, 1.1×10-3, 7.7×10-2M and of the relative Vmax were 0.52, 1.1 and 0.25mg/min at 40°C, respectively. D-Glucose-isomerizing activity was inhibited by D-xylose and D-ribose. However, there was not a difference among three activities of the enzyme with respect to following properties: Activation energy was 14, 600cal per mol. The enzyme was inhibited in a competitive manner by tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, D-xylitol, D-sorbitol and D-mannitol, and the Ki values for these inhibitor were 3×10-4, 2.5×10-3, 2.9×10-2 and 7×10-2M, respectively. The ratio of three activities did not change by heat- and pH-treatments. Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ protected strongly the enzyme from heat denaturation. The enzyme can isomerize D-glucose, D-xylose and D-ribose to their corresponding ketose, but the kinetic constants and induction studies indicated that D-xylose is the natural substrate for the enzyme.
Emergency department simulation and determination of optimal attending physician staffing schedules (1999)

Efficient allocation and utilization of staff resources is an important issue facing emergency department (ED) administrators. Increased pressure from competition, heath care reform, reimbursement difficulties, and rising heath care costs are primarily responsible for the high level of interest in this, and other ED operating efficiency issues. This paper discusses the use of computer simulation to test alternative ED attending physicianstaffing schedules and to analyze the corresponding impacts on patient throughput and resource utilization. The simulation model can also be used to help identify process inefficiencies and to evaluate the effects of staffing, layout, resource, and patient flow changes on system performance without disturbing the actual system.
Quantum structures for recombination control in the light-emitting transistor (2017)

Recombination of carriers in the direct-bandgap base of a transistor-injected quantum cascade laser (TI-QCL) is shown to be controllable through the field applied across the quantum cascade region located in the transistor’s base-collector junction. The influence of the electric field on the quantum states in the cascade region’s superlattice allows free flow of electrons out of the transistor base only for field values near the design field that provides optimal QCL gain. Quantum modulation of base recombination in the light-emitting transistor is therefore observed. In a GaAs-based light-emitting transistor, a periodic superlattice is grown between the p-type base and the n-type collector. Under different base-collector biasing conditions the distribution of quantum states, and as a consequence transition probabilities through the wells and barriers forming the cascade region, leads to strong field-dependent mobility for electrons in transit through the base-collector junction. The radiative base recombination, which is influenced by minority carrier transition lifetime, can be modulated through the quantum states alignment in the superlattice. A GaAs-based transistor-injected quantum cascade laser with AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice is designed and fabricated. Radiative base recombination is measured under both common-emitter and common-base configuration. In both configurations the optical output from the base is proportional to the emitter injection. When the quantum states in the superlattice are aligned the optical output in the base is reduced as electrons encounter less impedance entering the collector; when the quantum states are misaligned electrons have longer lifetime in the base and the radiative base recombination process is enhanced.
Visual Detection of Duplicated Code (2018)

Code duplication is considered as bad practice that complicates the mainte-nance and evolution of software. Detecting duplicated code is a difficult task be-cause of the large amount of data to be checked and the fact that a priori it is un-known which code part has been duplicated. In this paper, we present a tool called DUPLOC that supports code duplication detection in a visual and exploratory or an automatic way. 1 Why we need to deal with Duplicated Code Duplicated code is a phenomenon that occurs frequently in large systems. Although duplication can have its justifications, it is considered bad practice. The reasons programmers duplicate code are multi-fold [Bak95]: making a copy of a code fragment is simpler and faster than writing the code from scratch and, in addition, the fragment may already be tested so the introduction of a bug seems less likely. Efficiency considerations may make the cost of a procedure call seem too high a price. In reverse engineering, we are interested in detecting and subsequently removing un-justified duplicated code for the following reasons: Removing bugs. If one is sure that the code segment where a bug is found occurs only once in the system, one can be confident that the bug has been eradicated from the system. This work has been funded by the Swiss Government under Project no. NFS-2000-46947.96 and BBW-96.0015 as well as by the European Union under the ESPRIT program Project no. 21975. 1 Reducing code bloat. Refactoring duplicated code into one function reduces the size of the code and subsequently also of the executable. Repair design-flaws. Code duplication may also indicate design problems like miss-ing use of inheritance. The detection of duplicated code is a difficult task because the amount of data to be checked is large, often thousand of lines of code in separate files. Furthermore, we do not know a priori what has been duplicated. In this paper, we present a tool called DUPLOC that supports code duplication detection. 2
Does Age Play a Role in Clinical Presentation of Hypothyroidism? (1994)

OBJECTIVE : To determine if aging modifies the clinical presentation of hypothyroidism. DESIGN : Comparison of 24 clinical signs of hypothyroidism between elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) and younger patients (≤ 55 years of age). SETTING : Prospective study of patients with chemically confirmed overt hypothyroidism. PATIENTS : Sixty seven elderly patients (79.3 ± 6.7 years) and 54 younger patients (40.8 ± 9 years) were included in the study. RESULTS : Neither mean duration of evolution nor mean thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level were different between the 2 groups. Two signs were found in more than 50% of the elderly patients (fatigue and weakness). Four signs were significantly less frequent in elderly patients (chilliness, paresthesiae, weight gain, and cramps). Mean number of clinical signs in the elderly (6.6 ± 4) was significantly smaller than in young patients (9.3 ± 4.7) ( P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that the presentation of hypothyroidism is altered in the elderly in comparison with young patients in that there are (1) fewer signs or symptoms and (2) diminished frequency of some classical signs. Our results underline the importance of TSH measurement in the elderly.
Effects of Light Pulse Duration on Excimer-Laser Crystallization Characteristics of Silicon Thin Films (1995)

The waveform of an excimer-laser light pulse has been varied using two laser systems with a delayed trigger. The effects of the pulse duration on the physical properties of crystallized silicon thin films were studied. From the results that threshold energies for crystallization, amorphization and ablation increased in proportion to the square root of light pulse duration, their critical temperatures were estimated to be 1000° C, 1800° C and 2700° C, respectively. It was found that the critical temperature for µ-crystallzation is changed from about 2600° C for a thin film under short pulse duration conditions to 1800° C for a thick film under long pulse duration conditions. The long pulse is effective, but not drastic, in improving the poly-crystallized silicon film quality.
STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION ON AND DESORPTION FROM POLYSTYRENE-HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN CONJUGATES OF RABBIT ANTI-HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN ANTIBODIES HAVING DIFFERENT SPECIFICITIES (1961)

An insoluble specific adsorbent for anti-human serum albumin antibodies was prepared by coupling human serum albumin (H.S.A.) to polystyrene by azo bonds. Rabbit anti-H.S.A. immune serum was passed through a column of the adsorbent. It was shown that different volumes of the immune serum were required for the saturation of the different determinant groups of H.S.A. by their corresponding antibodies. The elution of the anti-H.S.A. antibodies adsorbed on the column was achieved by passing successively through the column an acetate buffer pH 3.0 and a solution of 0.1 N HCl in 0.15 M NaCl. The antibodies were eluted in three different fractions, each of which was composed of gamma-globulins only. These three fractions contained different proportions of antibodies of different specificities.
Superoxide dismutase activity of a novel macromolecular manganese porphyrin (1999)

The discovery of a novel superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic which demonstrates SOD activity, chemical stability in H2O2 solution and long half-life in circulation is reported. The SOD mimic consists of a manganese porphyrin (MnP) with SOD activity and a polymer (poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride); SMA) with biological characteristics. The SOD activity of SMA-MnP at pH = 8.1 measured using the stopped-flow kinetic analysis technique to monitor the decay of superoxide directly was 1.1 (± 0.1) × 106 M-1 sec-1. It is postulated that the reduction by O2·− of the oxidized SMA-Mn(III) is slow, while the oxidation of the reduced SMA-Mn(II) by O2·− is very fast. The retention times of SMA-MnP in the circulation of rabbits were determined. In vivo, SMA-MnP that binds to the warfarin site on albumin showed an enhanced half-life in the circulation. Additionally, in vitro SMA-MnP indicated an excellent stability to H2O2. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple testing on the directed acyclic graph of gene ontology (2008)

The focus level procedure has been implemented in the globaltest and GlobalAncova packages, both of which are available on www.bioconductor.org.
A UV–Vis Photoacoustic Spectrophotometer (2014)

A novel photoacoustic spectrophotometer (PAS) for the measurement of gas-phase and aerosol absorption over the UV-visible region of the spectrum is described. Light from a broadband Hg arc lamp is filtered in eight separate bands from 300 to 700 nm using bandpass interference filters (centered at 301 nm, 314 nm, 364 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, 546 nm, 578 and 687 nm) and modulated with an optical chopper before entering the photoacoustic cell. All wavelength bands feature a 20-s detection limit of better than 3.0 Mm(-1) with the exception of the lower-intensity 687 nm band for which it is 10.2 Mm(-1). Validation measurements of gas-phase acetone and nigrosin aerosol absorption cross sections at several wavelengths demonstrate agreement to within 10% with those measured previously (for acetone) and those predicted by Mie theory (for nigrosin). The PAS instrument is used to measure the UV-visible absorption spectrum of ambient aerosol demonstrating a dramatic increase in the UV region with absorption increasing by 300% from 405 to 301 nm. This type of measurement throughout the UV-visible region and free from artifacts associated with filter-based methods has not been possible previously, and we demonstrate its promise for classifying and quantifying different types of light-absorbing ambient particles.
Detection of Milimeter Wave Properties of Beta Amyloid using Dielectric Filled Truncated Cylindrical Waveguide (2019)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is most common type of degenerative disorder, which is associated with the extracellular aggregation of beta-amyloid plaques [1] and intracellular neurofibrillary beta tangles [2] in the brain. Aggregation of amyloid and tangles from nm to hundred of μm range make them exciting for studying the dielectric properties [3]. These properties change as betaamyloid and tangles are exposed to the external stimulus. In this paper, transmission properties of beta amyloid have been experimentally analyzed using dielectric filled truncated cylindrical sensor at different microwave frequency up to 30 GHz. Fundamental frequency of the sensor is 5.6 GHz. To perturb the beta-amyloid, we have used ultra low frequency electric field as external stimuli. It has been reported that diseases could be cured by exposing the associated biomolecules into an electric field. Therefore this study can be helpful for the AD treatment by perturbing its dielectric properties.
NEWSPAPERS TOLD: SIMPLIFY, SIMPLIFY (1994)

BALTIMORE, April 1—American newspapers are dull and difficult to read. But different ways of writing news articles could help newspapers attract some of the readers they have lost. That was the conclusion of a major study made public here this week at the annual convention of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. The study suggests that newspapers must challenge many of the rules that have governed journalism for generations. The study was prepared by the group's literacy committee, which was formed partly because of growing alarm that young Americans do not read well enough to understand newspapers and are abandoning them as a result. The literacy panel challenged the fundamental form used for newspaper articles, the "inverted pyramid," in which the top is heavy with important facts and trails off into less significant information.