gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral lines: The bankers vs. technology (1977)

More than a year ago, one of the largest commercial banks in the U.S. installed what it labeled a “Convenience Center” in New York City's Grand Central Terminal. On weekdays, the center opened early and closed late, one objective being to permit dashing commuters to engage in simple banking transactions (deposits and withdrawals) before and after regular business hours. To accomplish this, the center was equipped with one automatic deposit machine (“Instaposit”) and three identical automatic cash-delivery machines. The deposit machine was designed to accept cash or checks in a sealed envelope and return a dated receipt to the customer, while simultaneously depositing the envelope in a locked box. The cash machines were designed to respond to the customer's keyboard request for an envelopeful of cash. The customer simply inserted a magstripe plastic card and entered his personal code number, which was communicated to a central data bank containing the customer's account status. If cleared to make a withdrawal, the customer then punched in a request for $25, $50, $75, or $100, and the machine disbursed the appropriate number of envelopes, each containing two tens and a five.
The nocebo effect on the web: an analysis of fake anti-virus distribution (2010)

We present a study of Fake Anti-Virus attacks on the web. Fake AV software masquerades as a legitimate security product with the goal of deceiving victims into paying registration fees to seemingly remove malware from their computers. Our analysis of 240 million web pages collected by Google's malware detection infrastructure over a 13 month period discovered over 11,000 domains involved in Fake AV distribution. We show that the Fake AV threat is rising in prevalence, both absolutely, and relative to other forms of web-based malware. Fake AV currently accounts for 15% of all malware we detect on the web. Our investigation reveals several characteristics that distinguish Fake AVs from other forms of web-based malware and shows how these characteristics have changed over time. For instance, Fake AV attacks occur frequently via web sites likely to reach more users including spam web sites and on-line Ads. These attacks account for 60% of the malware discovered on domains that include trending keywords. As of this writing, Fake AV is responsible for 50% of all malware delivered via Ads, which represents a fivefold increase from just a year ago.
Surgery of the Shoulder (1990)

Presents recent advances and controversial topics in shoulder surgery, The chapters are organized into the broader areas of biomechanics, trauma, sports injuries, rotator cuff, arthrodesis and arthroplasty, neuromuscular disorders, imaging and radiology and operative repairs.
The Video Z-buffer: A Concept for Facilitating Monoscopic Image Compression by Exploiting the 3-D Stereoscopic Depth Map (1996)

Compression can be achieved by exploiting knowledge both internal and external to a given image or video source. In this paper, we present means for generating and exploiting the specific external knowledge of a 3D stereoscopic depth map of the given scene to compress the given monoscopic source. Several instances in which the depth map can potentially increase compression or provide improved functionality are presented to motivate further work along this line of reasoning.
SHIP2 Is Recruited to the Cell Membrane upon Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) Stimulation and Regulates M-CSF-Induced Signaling (2004)

The Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase SHIP1 functions in hemopoietic cells to limit activation events mediated by PI3K products, including Akt activation and cell survival. In contrast to the limited cellular expression of SHIP1, the related isoform SHIP2, is widely expressed in both parenchymal and hemopoietic cells. The goal of this study was to determine how SHIP2 functions to regulate M-CSF signaling. We report that 1) SHIP2 was tyrosine-phosphorylated in M-CSF-stimulated human alveolar macrophages, human THP-1 cells, murine macrophages, and the murine macrophage cell line RAW264; 2) SHIP2 associated with the M-CSF receptor after M-CSF stimulation; and 3) SHIP2 associated with the actin-binding protein filamin and localization to the cell membrane, requiring the proline-rich domain, but not on the Src homology 2 domain of SHIP2. Analyzing the function of SHIP2 in M-CSF-stimulated cells by expressing either wild-type SHIP2 or an Src homology 2 domain mutant of SHIP2 reduced Akt activation in response to M-CSF stimulation. In contrast, the expression of a catalytically deficient mutant of SHIP2 or the proline-rich domain of SHIP2 enhanced Akt activation. Similarly, the expression of wild-type SHIP2 inhibited NF-kappaB-mediated gene transcription. Finally, fetal liver-derived macrophages from SHIP2 gene knockout mice enhanced activation of Akt in response to M-CSF treatment. These data suggest a novel regulatory role for SHIP2 in M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells.
Abstracts in software engineering (1983)

article Abstracts in software engineering Share on Author: Software Engineering Notes Staff View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 8Issue 1January 1983 pp 99–102https://doi.org/10.1145/1010954.1010961Online:01 January 1983Publication History 0citation301DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads301Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
ROC plots display test accuracy, but are still limited by the study design (1993)

Journal Article ROC plots display test accuracy, but are still limited by the study design Get access M H Zweig M H Zweig Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 6, 1 June 1993, Pages 1345–1346, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.6.1345 Published: 01 June 1993
Fuzzy image smoothing (2002)

A fuzzy model for a noisy image sequence is given, and the possibility distribution function for an estimate of the original image is deduced. An optimal estimate criterion, called the maximum possibility criterion, is presented, and the fuzzy image smoothing algorithm is derived. This algorithm can be realized by a simple digital structure with the desirable property of reduced memory requirements. For the average relative error, the algorithm performs better than the conventional average of multiple images algorithm with the distinct advantage of suppressing noise in the case of a small number of images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Steady Turning of Two-Wheeled Vehicles (1999)

Abstract When driving along a circular path, the driver of a motorcycle controls the vehicle mainly by means of steering torque. If low steering torque is necessary, the driver feels that the vehicle is manoeuvrable. In this paper, a mathematical model concerning steering torque is developed; it takes into account the actual kinematic behaviour of the vehicle and the properties of motorcycle tyres. Tyre forces act at the contact points of toroidal tyres, which are calculated according to kinematic analysis. Non-linear equations are solved using an iterative approach. Several numerical results are presented, and the influence of tyre properties and some geometrical and inertial properties of the vehicle on steering torque are discussed.
Iron(II) Chloride Complex for Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (1997)

Iron(II) bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloride [FeCl2(PPh3)2] induced living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in conjunction with organic halides as initiators [R−X: CCl4, CHCl2COPh, (CH3)2CBrCO2C2H5, and CH3CBr(CO2C2H5)2] in the absence or presence of Al(OiPr)3 in toluene at 80 °C. The added aluminum compounds were not needed for the Fe(II)-mediated living polymerization unlike the RuCl2(PPh3)3-based counterpart. With CH3CBr(CO2C2H5)2 as initiator, the number-average molecular weights of polymers increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion, and the MWDs were narrow throughout the reactions (M̄w/M̄n = 1.1−1.3). The polymers possessed one initiator moiety at the α-end per one polymer chain. The tacticity was similar to that prepared by AIBN. These results indicate that the Fe(II) complex is effective in the homolytic and reversible cleavage of the carbon−halogen terminal originating from the halide initiators into a transient radical growing species to induce living MMA polymerization.
ROB/CN: An Efficient Reliable 1-Hop Broadcast Using CSMA/CN in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2011)

In wireless mobile ad hoc networks, many important communications are based on the global broadcast that relies on a reliable 1-hop broadcasting in which a message from the source node is guaranteed to be delivered to all nodes within the source node's transmission range. Recently, a noble algorithm called CSMA/CN is proposed that utilizes collision notification to improve the network throughput. This paper presents an improved MAC protocol called ROB/CN (Reliable 1-Hop Broadcast Using Collision Notification) that achieves a guaranteed reliable 1-hop broadcast using CSMA/CN. In most previously proposed algorithms, if a transmission undergoes a collision, then the transmission should be restarted all over again, whereas in ROB/CN, the retransmission is not necessary if the collision is caused by only a small number of transmissions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Audiovestibular Findings in Patients With Deafness Caused by a Mitochondrial Susceptibility Mutation and Precipitated by an Inherited Nuclear Mutation or Aminoglycosides (1996)

In most of the Arab-Israeli patients with congenital deafness, the vestibular system function was normal, in contrast to the frequency of vestibular abnormality among deaf children, which was described in the literature. This may be related to genetic predisposition to aminoglycoside-induced deafness.
Air-Stable Trialkylphosphonium Salts:  Simple, Practical, and Versatile Replacements for Air-Sensitive Trialkylphosphines. Applications in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Processes (2001)

Trialkylphosphines furnish unusual, sometimes unique, reactivity in a range of transformations. Unfortunately, their utility is compromised by their sensitivity to oxidation. We have examined a simple but powerful strategy for addressing this problem: convert air-sensitive trialkylphosphines into air-stable phosphonium salts via protonation on phosphorus. These robust salts serve as direct replacements for the corresponding phosphines (simple deprotonation under the reaction conditions by a Brønsted base liberates the trialkylphosphine) in a diverse set of applications. [reaction: see text]
A Third Sector in the Third Millennium? (2000)

Three trends since the 1960s underscore the need for different ways of conceptualizing the new mixed economy in the human services. First, there has been an enormous increase in the number and types of nonprofit organizations, and greater dependence on governmental revenue. Second, extensive growth in privatization and commercialization in the human services. Third, this culminated in the convergence and blurring of sectoral boundaries. Numerous metaphors have been suggested to describe these new patterns, but more suitable concepts and theories are needed. Four theoretical frameworks are analyzed for an intersectoral study of organizations in the same industry: (1) political economy, (2) organizational ecology, (3) neoinstitutionalism, and (4) mixed, open systems. As analytic paradigms, these frameworks could supplement, complement, or be integrated with other research models for third sector studies, and could contribute to theory building and social policy.
The Visual Effect of Non-Uniform Surrounds* (1945)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Parry Moon and Domina Eberle Spencer, "The Visual Effect of Non-Uniform Surrounds*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35, 233-248 (1945) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
CRISPR/Cas9-Based Antiviral Strategy: Current Status and the Potential Challenge (2019)

From its unexpected discovery as a bacterial adaptive immune system to its countless applications as one of the most versatile gene-editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized every field of life science. Virology is no exception to this ever-growing list of CRISPR/Cas9-based applications. Direct manipulation of a virus genome by CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled a systematic study of cis-elements and trans-elements encoded in a virus genome. In addition, this virus genome-specific mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 was further funneled into the development of a novel class of antiviral therapy targeting many incurable chronic viral infections. In this review, a general concept on the CRISPR/Cas9-based antiviral strategy will be described first. To understand the current status of the CRISPR/Cas9-based antiviral approach, a series of recently published antiviral studies involving CRISPR/Cas9-mediated control of several clinically-relevant viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpesviruses, human papillomavirus, and other viruses will be presented. Lastly, the potential challenge and future prospect for successful clinical translation of this CRISPR/Cas9-based antiviral method will be discussed.
New approaches to the control of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An industry perspective. (1996)

<h3>The Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Its Consequences</h3> One of the most remarkable accomplishments of this century has been the successful development of antibiotics for the chemotherapy of bacterial infections.<sup>1</sup>These agents have produced impressive reductions in the morbidity and mortality imposed by microbial pathogens. Unfortunately, the increasing widespread emergence of acquired resistance to antibiotics over the last 40 years now constitutes a serious threat to global public health<sup>1-3</sup>and is a growing problem in both hospital-acquired (nosocomial) and community-acquired infections. The antibiotic resistance problem is exacerbated by the genetic exchange of resistance determinants among bacteria.<sup>1-3</sup>In addition, demographic factors, such as population growth and urbanization, generate conditions that may facilitate the transmission of infections. New opportunities for interspecies traffic of new pathogens to human beings may occur as a consequence of human colonization in previously undisturbed rural ecosystems and accompanying perturbation in host-pathogen ecology.<sup>4</sup>Bacterial
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study of phloretin‐induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells involving inhibition of type II glucose transporter (2008)

Phloretin (Ph), a natural product found in apples and pears with glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitory activity, exerts antitumor effects. However, little is known about its effects on human liver cancer. The purpose of this study is to test the cytotoxic effects of Ph on HepG2 cells and to identify the underlying molecular pathways. Human hepatocellular carcinoma specimens and HepG2 show a high level of GLUT2 transporter activity in the cell membrane. Real-time PCR and MTT assays demonstrate that Ph-induced cytotoxicity correlates with the expression of GLUT2. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation studies show that 200 microM Ph induces apoptosis in HepG2, which was reversed by glucose pretreatment. GLUT2 siRNA knockdown induced HepG2 apoptosis, which was not reversed by glucose. Western blot analysis demonstrates that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in addition to Akt and Bcl-2 family signaling pathways are involved in Ph-induced cell death in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, using flow cytometry analysis, a mitochondrial membrane potential assay and Western blot analysis, we show that cytochalasin B, a glucose transport inhibitor, enhances the Ph-induced apoptotic effect on HepG2 cells, which was reversed by pretreatment with glucose. Furthermore, we found significant antitumor effects in vivo by administering Ph at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to severe combined immune deficiency mice carrying a HepG2 xenograft. A microPET study in the HepG2 tumor-bearing mice showed a 10-fold decrease in (18)F-FDG uptake in Ph-treated tumors compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest that Ph-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells involves inhibition of GLUT2 glucose transport mechanisms.
Hills Hoists and Happy Families: Cinematic Yardscapes and Domestic Dreaming (2010)

The prevalence of the Hills Hoist in various Australian films and how it represented happy families is discussed. Australian films and their depiction of family life in such films as Muriel's Wedding, The Black Balloon and Strictly Ballroom are highlighted.
High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems (2011)

Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are an interesting alternative to conductive solutions for vehicle battery charge, particularly in electric public transport applications if operator-free fast charge is required along the route. To perform this task using ICPT systems, current solutions require an almost perfect alignment between coils in order to have optimal power transfer. This condition makes necessary a precise positioning maneuver from the driver or an electromechanic alignment system for the secondary winding, causing the process to be slow. This paper shows that it is possible to transfer rated power even with high misalignment if a suitable compensation topology is selected. The performance of the four basic compensation topologies is analyzed, and a series–parallel–series (SPS) topology is proposed, showing a suitable behavior for both the load and the power source. The theoretical results are validated in two series–series and SPS 2-kW prototypes with a 15-cm air gap between coils.
Foams and Foam Control (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Theory of Foam and Foam Control 2.1. Characteristic Properties of Foam 2.2. Foam Formation 2.2.1. Surface Activity of Adsorbed Surfactants 2.2.2. Methods of Foam Generation 2.3. Foam Stability 2.3.1. Gibbs Film Elasticity and Marangoni Effect 2.3.2. Rheological Aspects of Foam Stability 2.3.3. Electrostatic Foam Stabilization 2.3.4. Mechanism of Lamellar Rupture 2.4. Foam Inhibition and Destruction 2.4.1. Chemical Foam Inhibition and Destruction 2.4.2. Mechanical Defoaming 3. Antifoaming Agent Composition 3.1. Carrier Oils 3.2. Silicone Oils and Silicone Foam Inhibitors 3.3. Hydrophobic Silica 3.4. Hydrophobic Fat Derivatives and Waxes 3.5. Water‐Insoluble Polymers 3.6. Amphiphilic Components 3.7. Emulsifiers 3.8. Coupling Agents 4. Mechanical Means of Combating Foam 5. Foam Problems in Specific Applications 5.1. Detergents 5.2. Food and Beverage Industries 5.2.1. Cleansing and Disinfecting 5.2.1.1. Tank Cleansing Based on the Cleaning‐in‐Place (CIP) Method 5.2.1.2. Cleansing of Returnable Bottles 5.2.2. Food Processing 5.2.2.1. Sugar 5.2.2.2. Yeast 5.2.2.3. Potatoes 5.3. Metal Treatment 5.3.1. Foam Problems Associated with Cooling Lubricants 5.3.2. Foam in Alkaline Cleansing Solutions 5.3.3. Foam Control in Neutral Cleansers 5.4. Polymer Industry 5.5. Paint and Coating Industry 5.6. Construction Industry 5.7. Adhesives Industry 5.8. Textile Industry 5.8.1. Pretreatment 5.8.2. Dyeing 5.8.3. Foam Application of Textile Auxiliaries 5.9. Leather Industry 5.10. Pulp and Paper Industry 5.10.1. Pulping 5.10.2. Pulping Liquor Disposal 5.10.3. Air Content of Pulp Suspensions 5.10.4. Conversion to Paper 5.10.5. Paper Coating 5.10.6. Waste Paper Deinking 5.11. Phosphoric Acid Manufacture 5.12. Wastewater Treatment 6. Testing Methods </jats:
Hematopoietic Cell Surface Markers on Metastatic Small Cell Carcinoma Detected with Monoclonal Antibodies (1985)

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, cells from lymph node biopsies have been examined in three patients with small cell carcinoma presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Two patients had small (oat) cell carcinoma of the lung; in the third patient, a primary tumor was not found. Two lymph node biopsies showed typical small (oat) cell carcinoma, and one was an intermediate cell variant; in the last, lung biopsy showed small (oat) cell carcinoma. Electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes in all three tumors. In each case, lymph node cell suspensions were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to antigens usually associated with lymphoid or myeloid cells. In two of the three cases malignant cells were positive with the lymphoid marker BA-2; in two cases malignant cells were positive with OK1a1, a marker for the Ia-like antigen (HLA-DR); and in one case malignant cells were positive with My-1. Caution is needed in the interpretation of cell surface marker studies in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.
Diels–Alder Mediated Controlled Release from a Poly(ethylene glycol) Based Hydrogel (2013)

A synthetic amino acid bearing a furan functionality was developed and incorporated into peptide sequences using solid phase synthesis. Peptides expressing the furan moiety were attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels through a thermally reversible covalent bond formed by a Diels-Alder reaction. Reactions of thiol and maleimide PEG macromers in an off-stoichiometric Michael addition were performed, such that the maleimide moiety was in excess, to create hydrogel networks with pendant Diels-Alder compatible tethering sites, that is, the maleimide. By making use of the Diels-Alder reaction, it was possible to control the release rate of reversibly bound moieties from the hydrogel by changing the temperature; higher temperatures favor a faster retro-Diels-Alder reaction and, therefore, a faster release from the polymer network. This concept was demonstrated by incorporating a fluorescently labeled furan-RGDS sequence into a hydrogel possessing excess maleimide functionalities and monitoring the subsequent liberation of RGDS at various temperatures, illustrating a Diels-Alder mediated release mechanism. The release profile was quantified at temperatures ranging from physiological (37 °C) to 80 °C. By changing the temperature, varying extents of release were attained over the time course of several days, ranging from 40% release for lower temperatures to complete release for the highest temperature considered. Further confirmation of a reaction-diffusion controlled release mechanism was obtained through comparison of experimental release data to a reaction-diffusion model of the release. In addition to thermal modulation, tuning of the release rate was accomplished by altering the number of possible Diels-Alder tethering sites present in the hydrogel. Increasing the amount of free maleimide and, therefore, the number of potential Diels-Alder reaction sites, effectively slowed the release of peptide from the polymer. For instance, doubling the amount of maleimide sites present in the hydrogel system decreased the amount of peptide released from approximately 60% to about 40% in the same span of time.