gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wind noise reduction method for speech recording using multiple noise templates and observed spectrum fine structure (2006)

Wind noise affects the quality of the speech recording in the field. In this paper, we propose a wind noise reduction method based on a signal processing technique. In the method, spectrum envelopes of wind noise are estimated by using referential multiple wind noise templates and the low frequency band spectrum envelope of the observed signal. Then, we estimate the noise spectrum using the estimated spectrum envelope and the fine structure of the observed signal. Finally, we subtract this estimated noise spectrum from the observed signal. For evaluating the proposed method, we conducted subjective and objective evaluation. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved much better improvement than conventional spectral subtraction.
Substituent Effects on the Adsorption of Dialkyl Sulfides on Gold Nanoparticles (2005)

The adsorption of chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and 2,2'-dichloro ethyl sulfide to gold nanoparticles has been examined in the gas phase using surface-plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The equilibrium constants for the gas-phase adsorption reactions are 14 +/- 4 and 25 +/- 5 atm(-1), respectively. The bond energy of the Au-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide complex is 44 +/- 9 kJ mol(-1). The bond energy of Au-2,2'-dichloro ethyl sulfide is estimated to be 47 kJ mol(-1). Halogenation of the dialkyl side chains is found to have little impact on the chemistry, and only physisorption processes occur, analogous to dialkyl sulfide adsorption on Au surfaces.
A MAC protocol for supporting real-time VBR traffic over IEEE 802.14 based HFC access networks (2003)

We propose enhancements to the IEEE 802.14 medium access control (MAC) protocol to facilitate supporting delay sensitive asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) traffic over hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) access networks. The proposed MAC enhancements are aimed at supporting real-time variable bit rate RT-VBR traffic such as real-time voice and video. The proposed MAC enhancements improve bandwidth utilization, while maintaining a good quality of service (QoS) for RT-VBR traffic. Our proposal facilitates the interconnection with ATM networks, and therefore, provides for an end-to-end ATM solution.
Inversion Recovery Snapshot FLASH MR Imaging (1989)

Snapshot fast low angle shot (FLASH) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been developed to enable real time imaging of MR parameters. The method is based on a 64 x 128 FLASH tomogram acquired within less than 200 ms. This work describes snapshot FLASH MR using a single 180 degrees pulse prior to the acquisition of a series of FLASH images. The experiment creates continuous dynamic inversion recovery (IR) T1 contrast in successive images. The total acquisition time of 16 images displaying the IR behavior is less than 4 s. Representative snapshot FLASH IR MR images of the abdomen of healthy rats and of an implanted hepatic tumor are illustrated.
Copper sulfide films deposited by cylindrical magnetron reactive sputtering (1979)

Copper sulfide coatings 150 nm thick were deposited by reactive sputtering using a copper cylindrical magnetron sputtering source in an Ar–H2S atmosphere at constant discharge current and varies H2S injection rates. Borosilicate plate-substrates were maintained at temperatures of 130° and 35°C, which are above and below transition temperatures for the CuxS phases of interest. Above a critical injection rate resistivity data indicate two types of materials: a high-resistivity type (∠100 Ω cm) often exhibiting Cu-rich nodules, and a low-resistivity type (∠0.01 Ω cm). The types are generally associated with the high and low substrate temperatures respectively. Hall mobilities were in the 1–6 cm2/V s range for both materials. Optical absorption, resistivity-versus-temperature, and x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the high resistivity material consists largely of near-stoichiometric chalcocite and that the low resistivity material is a mixture of chalcocite and djurleite.
Age-dependent decline in extracellular matrix-induced local bone differentiation. (1985)

Implantation of demineralized bone matrix in subcutaneous sites in the rat results in new bone induction. This model system was examined with bone matrix prepared from young (4-month-old) and old (24-month-old) rats. The implants were removed on Days 9, 14 and 21 and examined for alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. There is a significant decline in the osteo-inductive potential of the bone matrix derived from 24-month-old rats, as quantitated by the enzyme activity and 45Ca incorporation.
Nylon 11/silica nanocomposite coatings applied by the HVOF process. II. Mechanical and barrier properties (2000)

Nylon 11 coatings filled with nominal 0–15 vol % of nanosized silica or carbon black were produced using the high velocity oxy-fuel combustion spray process. The scratch and sliding wear resistance, mechanical, and barrier properties of nanocomposite coatings were measured. The effect of powder initial size, filler content, filler chemistry, coating microstructure, and morphology were evaluated. Improvements of up to 35% in scratch and 67% in wear resistance were obtained for coatings with nominal 15 vol % contents of hydrophobic silica or carbon black, respectively, relative to unfilled coatings. This increase appeared to be primarily attributable to filler addition and increased matrix crystallinity. Particle surface chemistry, distribution, and dispersion also contributed to the differences in coating scratch and wear performance. Reinforcement of the polymer matrix resulted in increases of up to 205% in the glass storage modulus of nanocomposite coatings. This increase was shown to be a function of both the surface chemistry and amount of reinforcement. The storage modulus of nanocomposite coatings at temperatures above the glass transition temperature was higher than that of unfilled coatings by up to 195%, depending primarily on the particle size of the starting polymer powder. Results also showed that the water vapor transmission rate through nanoreinforced coatings decreased by up to 50% compared with pure polymer coatings. The aqueous permeability of coatings produced from smaller particle size polymers (D-30) was lower than the permeability of coatings produced from larger particles because of the lower porosities and higher densities achieved in D-30 coatings. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2272–2289, 2000
Characterization of the physical properties of model biomembranes at the nanometer scale with the atomic force microscope (1999)

Interaction forces and topography of mixed phospholipid-glycolipid bilayers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous conditions with probes functionalized with self-assembled monolayers terminating in hydroxy groups. Short-range repulsive forces were measured between the hydroxy-terminated probe and the surface of the two-dimensional (2-D) solid-like domains of distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG). The form and range of the short-range repulsive force indicated that repulsive hydration/steric forces dominate the interaction at separation distances of 0.3-1.0 nm after which the probe makes mechanical contact with the bilayers. At loads < 5 nN the bilayer was elastically deformed by the probe, while at higher loads plastic deformation of the bilayer was observed. Surprisingly, a short-range repulsive force was not observed at the surface of the 2-D liquid-like dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) film, despite the identical head groups of DOPE and DSPE. This provides direct evidence for the influence of the structure and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers on their interaction forces, an effect which may be a major importance in the control of biological processes such as cell adhesion and membrane fusion. The step height measured between lipid domains in the AFM topographic images was larger than could be accounted for by the thickness and mechanical properties of the molecules. A direct correlation was observed between the repulsive force range over the lipid domains and the topographic contrast, which provides direct insight into the fundamental mechanisms of AFM imaging in aqueous solutions. This study demonstrates that chemically modified AFM probes can be used in combination with patterned lipid bilayers as a novel and powerful approach to characterize the nanometer scale chemical and physical properties of heterogeneous biosurfaces such as cell membranes.
The Prototype of a Smart Underwater Surveillance System for Shrimp Farming (2018)

Shrimp is one of the most important aquaculture products in Taiwan but has suffered a decreasing breeding rate these recent years. It's difficult to observe their feeding, growth and health due to the muddy and turbid water conditions in shrimp farms. This paper presents the prototype of an underwater surveillance system, which consists of hardware and software to provide underwater observation and automatic analysis for the purpose of smart feeding control and water quality management, and thus improve the farm's productivity.
Thermoplastic graft copolymer elastomers with chain‐folding or bifurcated side chains (1995)

Abstract Graft copolymers with a poly(oxytetramethylene) main chain and molecularly uniform oligourethane grafts were synthesized by substitution polycondensation of a telechelic polyether and the corresponding α,α′‐bifunctional oligourethane macromonomer. The side chains were either characterized by a built‐in constitutional unit allowing a symmetrical chain fold or by bifurcation with two equally long oligourethane branches. Differential scanning calorimetry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and dynamic mechanical analysis proved a microphase‐separated system with semicrystalline oligourethane hard domains, and the materials were thermoplastic elastomers. These data and the comparative study of model compounds for the specially structured grafts and of poly(ether‐urethane)s with symmetrically chain‐folded segments illustrated that the morphology and properties of these polyurethane elastomers could be perfectly mimicked by a graft copolymer with bifurcated side chains.
Augmentation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by interferon-gamma: Mechanism dependent on enhancement of Fc receptor expression and increased release of activated oxygens. (1987)

The effect of recombinant human interferon (IFN) -gamma (Met-Gln form), having the same amino acid sequence as that of natural human IFN-gamma except for the N-terminal Met residue, on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activity of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) against anti-chicken red blood cell (CRBC) immunoglobulin G (IgG) -coated CRBC was investigated comparatively with those of natural human IFN-alpha and -beta in vitro. IFN-gamma dramatically induced the ADCC activity at all doses tested when examined at a 1/104 dilution rate of the IgG, while no significant induction was observed with IFN-alpha or-beta. The Fc receptor (FcR) analysis by flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled (FITC) -anti-CRBC IgG revealed that IFN-gamma but not IFN-alpha or-beta remarkably increased the number of PMNs bearing FcR. By applying an in vitro measurement system for activated oxygen species using luminol solution, it was demonstrated that activated oxygen species were actually released from PMNs in the ADCC reaction. Further, inhibition experiments using three oxygen scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide) demonstrated the involvement of superoxide anion and hydroxy radical as cytolytic mediators in the PMN-ADCC activity induced by IFN-gamma.These results indicate a much more potent PMN-activating ability of IFN-gamma than IFN-alpha or-beta and involvement of a mechanism dependent on the enhancement of FcR expression on the PMN surface and the increased release of superoxide anions and hydroxy radicals in the PMN-ADCC augmentation by IFN-gamma.
Image sequence coding by three-dimensional block vector quantisation (1986)

In the paper results on the use of vector quantisation for interframe image coding for compression are presented. The initial stage in vector quantisation is the formation/extraction of vectors from the data source. Two vector formation schemes, generalized from intraframe image coding, are proposed and evaluated on a test image sequence. The first, direct three-dimensional block vector quantisation, applies vector quantisation to small 3-dimensional blocks of pixels extracted from sequences of image. In the second, the 3-dimensional Hadamard transform is first calculated on a block basis and is followed by vector quantisation of a subset of the Hadamard coefficients. Significantly improved results are obtained in the second case, as the components in the vectors are decorrelated in both the spatial and temporal directions. Three training sets are used for the simulations, and results suggest that adaptively updating the codebook could result in improved performance.
Determining the Appropriate Response to Evidence of Public Concern: The Case of Food Safety (1992)

With social issues again close to the top of the research agenda for marketers, policy makers are increasingly likely to be presented public opinion research findings that suggest the public is very concerned about issues within their jurisdiction. Such findings have some shortcomings as a basis for policy decision making however. It is often difficult to interpret the practical importance of consumers’ expressed levels of concern, and concern alone tells nothing about what actions will be seen as ameliorating the problem. Alternative methods, borrowed from more mainstream marketing research, can readily overcome these shortcomings. To illustrate, the authors report the findings of a low cost study designed to identify what citizens want a government department to do in response to polling suggesting high levels of concern about food safety.
Virtual Screening of Tubercular Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase Inhibitors through Analysis of Structural Models (2007)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen responsible for 2-3 million deaths every year worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has increased the need to identify new antituberculosis targets. Acetohydroxy acid synthase, (AHAS, EC 2.2.1.6), an enzyme involved in branched-chain amino acid synthesis, has recently been identified as a potential anti-tuberculosis target. To assist in the search for new inhibitors and “receptor-based” design of effective inhibitors of tubercular AHAS (TbAHAS), we constructed four different structural models of TbAHAS and used one of the models as a target for virtual screening of potential inhibitors. The quality of each model was assessed stereochemically by PROCHECK and found to be reliable. Up to 89% of the amino acid residues in the structural models were located in the most favored regions of the Ramachandran plot, which indicates that the conformation of each residue in the models is good. In the models, residues at the herbicide-binding site were highly conserved across 39 AHAS sequences. The binding mode of TbAHAS with a sulfonylurea herbicide was characterized by 32 hydrophobic interactions, the majority of which were contributed by residue Trp516. The model based on the highest resolution X-ray structure of yeast AHAS was used as the target for virtual screening of a chemical database containing 8300 molecules with a heterocyclic ring. We developed a short list of molecules that were predicted to bind with high scores to TbAHAS in a conformation similar to that of sulfonylurea derivatives. Five sulfonylurea herbicides that were calculated to efficiently bind TbAHAS were experimentally verified and found to inhibit enzyme activity at micromolar concentrations. The data suggest that this time-saving and costeffective computational approach can be used to discover new TbAHAS inhibitors. The list of chemicals studied in this work is supplied to facilitate independent experimental verification of the computational approach.
Characterization of 80-million-year-old mollusk shell proteins. (1976)

Fossil glycoproteins of the soluble organic matrix are present in an 80-million-year-old mollusk shell from the Late Cretaceous Period. Discrete molecular weight components, as determined by gel electrophoresis, are preserved. The fossil organic matrix was compared with the organic matrix of a living representative species of the same superfamily. A particular repeating amino acid sequence, found in contemporary mollusk shell proteins, was identified in the fossil glycoproteins. The ultrastructure, mineralogy, and chemistry of the inorganic components of the fossil and contemporary shells provide information on the state of preservation of the fossil. The use of fossil shell proteins to further our understanding of molecular evolution is discussed.
Forward Modeling Assisted Digital Predistortion Method for Hybrid Beamforming Transmitters with a Single PA Feedback (2018)

This paper presents a novel forward modeling digital predistortion (DPD) method for hybrid beamforming transmitters based on a single power amplifier (PA) feedback. In hybrid beamforming transmitters, when multiple data streams are transmitted simultaneously, implementing DPD requires that all the PA's outputs are sampled and divided into multiple data streams, which costs large hardware resources when there are massive antennas. However, generally, the PAs' behavioral characteristics in beamforming transmitters are very similar, so the proposed method needs only one PA's output in the feedback path to forward model all the PAs. Then all the PAs' outputs can be estimated and used to extract DPD coefficients in digital domain. Compared with the DPD method that needs all the PA's feedbacks of a hybrid beamforming transmitter, the proposed method can realize equivalent linearization performance while reducing PAs' feedbacks significantly. The robustness of the proposed method is also validated by simulation. Compared with the existing single PA feedback DPD method, the proposed method can be also implemented even when multiple signals are in the same frequency band and it can thus enhance spectrum efficiency.
Oxidation of Nickel by Carbon Dioxide (1967)

Two studies have been carried out, one to determine the conditions for the equilibrium between nickel, nickel oxide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, and the second to determine the kinetics of the oxidation of nickel in carbon dioxide and in mixtures. The equilibrium conditions determined over the temperature range 580°–1016°C are given by the equation
Selective Acetylation of per-<i>O</i>-TMS-Protected Monosaccharides (2010)

Selective acetylation of various per-O-TMS-protected carbohydrates has been accomplished. Using a protecting group exchange strategy and microwave assistance, monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, and mannose) can be selectively acetylated producing either the 6-O-monoacetate or 1,6-O-diacetylated species. This new class of molecules can be deprotected without migration of the acetyl groups, providing useful synthetic intermediates. To demonstrate the scope of the reaction, the methodology was successfully extended to TMS-protected ceramide.
The Erf4 Subunit of the Yeast Ras Palmitoyl Acyltransferase Is Required for Stability of the Acyl-Erf2 Intermediate and Palmitoyl Transfer to a Ras2 Substrate (2012)

Protein S-palmitoylation is a posttranslational modification in which a palmitoyl group is added to a protein via a thioester linkage on cysteine. Palmitoylation is a reversible modification involved in protein membrane targeting, receptor trafficking and signaling, vesicular biogenesis and trafficking, protein aggregation, and protein degradation. An example of the dynamic nature of this modification is the palmitoylation-depalmitoylation cycle that regulates the subcellular trafficking of Ras family GTPases. The Ras protein acyltransferase (PAT) consists of a complex of Erf2-Erf4 and DHHC9-GCP16 in yeast and mammalian cells, respectively. Both subunits are required for PAT activity, but the function of the Erf4 and Gcp16 subunits has not been established. This study elucidates the function of Erf4 and shows that one role of Erf4 is to regulate Erf2 stability through an ubiquitin-mediated pathway. In addition, Erf4 is required for the stable formation of the palmitoyl-Erf2 intermediate, the first step of palmitoyl transfer to protein substrates. In the absence of Erf4, the rate of hydrolysis of the active site palmitoyl thioester intermediate is increased, resulting in reduced palmitoyl transfer to a Ras2 substrate. This is the first demonstration of regulation of a DHHC PAT enzyme by an associated protein.
Design and experimental verification of on-chip signal integrity analyzer (OSIA) scheme for eye diagram monitoring of a high-speed serial link (2011)

Recently, bandwidth of data channel has increased with the development of high-performance electronic system. The method used to characterize the channel is important for successful channel design. However, conventional methods have several disadvantages to characterize the whole high-speed serial link including on-chip and package channel. In this paper, we design and experimental verification of on-chip signal integrity analyzer (OSIA) scheme for high-speed data transmission. The designed OSIA circuit can be an effective method to determine the eye diagram of an inside package channel and on-chip I/O channel because it is located at the front of a receiver circuit. The test chip for the OSIA is fabricated by a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process. The performance of the proposed OSIA is verified be measuring the eye diagram of a chip-package-board hierarchical channel with 10 ps and with 10-mV resolution. It is successfully demonstrated to monitor the eye diagram distortion affected by variation of data rate and channel loss.
Polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers (1982)

Polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers will find application in acoustooptic sensors and fiber gyroscopes. In this study both stress-induced birefringence and elliptical core polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers were developed and evaluated. The two fiber types were compared in terms of core dimension, numerical aperture, attenuation, and beat length, a measure of the polarization maintenance. For comparative beat length values the stress-induced birefringence fibers had lower attenuation and larger core diameter than the elliptical core fibers.