gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin-momentum locking and spin-orbit torques in magnetic nano-heterojunctions composed of Weyl semimetal WTe2 (2018)

Spin-orbit torque has recently been intensively investigated for the purposes of manipulating the magnetization in magnetic nano-devices and understanding fundamental physics. Therefore, the search for novel materials or material combinations that exhibit a strong enough spin-torque effect has become one of the top priorities in this field of spintronics. Weyl semimetal, a new topological material that features open Fermi arc with strong spin-orbit coupling and spin-momentum locking effect, is naturally expected to exhibit an enhanced spin-torque effect in magnetic nano-devices. Here we observe a significantly enhanced spin conductivity, which is associated with the field-like torque at low temperatures. The enhancement is obtained in the b-axis WTe<sub>2</sub>/Py bilayers of nano-devices but not observed in the a-axis of WTe<sub>2</sub>/Py nano-devices, which can be ascribed to the enhanced spin accumulation by the spin-momentum locking effect of the Fermi arcs of the Weyl semimetal WTe<sub>2</sub>.
Applications of artificial intelligence techniques for induction machine stator fault diagnostics: review (2003)

The on-line fault diagnostics technology for induction machines is fast emerging for the detection of incipient faults as to avoid the unexpected failure. Approximately 30-40 % faults of induction machines are stator faults. This paper presents a review of developments in applications of artificial intelligence techniques for induction machine stator fault diagnostics. Now a days artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are being preferred over traditional protective relays for fault diagnostics of induction machines. The application of expert system, fuzzy logic system, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm have been considered for fault diagnostics. These systems and techniques can be integrated into each other with more traditional techniques. A brief description of various AI techniques highlighting the merits and demerits of each other have been discussed. Fault diagnosis of electric motor drive systems using AI techniques has been considered. The futuristic trends are also indicated.
Overlapping redundant septuplets identical with regulatory elements of HIV-1 and SV40 (1989)

Overlapping redundant short oligomers in DNA sequences of retroviruses and papovaviruses have been identified. For each sequence, a search procedure determines the 5% short oligomers of the same length with the highest ratios of observed to expected occurrences based on singlet composition of the sequence. These short oligomers are referred to as compositionally-assessed redundant sequence elements (COARSEs). A pair of COARSEs overlapping by at least one base is considered to be a COARSE overlap. Most COARSE overlaps of the 7th order (overlapping septuplets) are found in long terminal repeats of retroviruses and in the regulatory control regions of papovaviruses SV40, BK and JC. Many of the 7th order COARSE overlaps in HIV-1 and SV40 are identical with regulatory elements determined experimentally. On the contrary, very few of the most frequently occurring oligomer overlaps, which are defined differently from COARSE overlaps, are present in the regulatory regions of retroviruses and papovaviruses. Examining DNA sequences of other genomes by the COARSE overlap method may identify putative regulatory regions.
The Research and Implementation of System Bus Network Multi Destination Route Recommendations (2014)

In the city public transport network as the background, proposed the multi destination travel route based on the problems, for passengers to multiple destination travel time is short, quick, convenient site transfer route has important significance.The system can be in use fast recommend optimal route in multiple destination query, for the passengers to travel more convenient.
PMF: A Stereo Correspondence Algorithm Using a Disparity Gradient Limit (1985)

The advantages of solving the stereo correspondence problem by imposing a limit on the magnitude of allowable disparity gradients are examined. It is shown how the imposition of such a limit can provide a suitable balance between the twin requirements of disambiguating power and the ability to deal with a wide range of surfaces. Next, the design of a very simple stereo algorithm called PMF is described. In conjunction with certain other constraints used in many other stereo algorithms, PMF employs a limit on allowable disparity gradients of 1, a value that coincides with that reported for human stereoscopic vision. The excellent performance of PMF is illustrated on a series of natural and artificial stereograms. Finally, the differences between the theoretical justification for the use of disparity gradients for solving the stereo correspondence problems presented in the paper and others that exist in the stereo algorithm literature are discussed.
A Split-Step FDTD Method for 3-D Maxwell's Equations in General Anisotropic Media (2010)

A split-step finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented for 3-D Maxwell's equations in general anisotropic media. The general anisotropic media can be characterized by full permittivity and permeability tensors. Stability analysis of the proposed split-step FDTD method using the Fourier method is presented. The eigenvalues of the Fourier amplification matrix are numerically shown to have unity magnitude even for time steps greater than the Courant limit time step, thereby illustrating the stable and non-dissipative nature of the split-step FDTD method in general anisotropic media. Numerical results are presented to further validate the accuracy and stability of the proposed split-step FDTD method in general anisotropic media.
A Power Management IC Used for Monitoring and Protection of Li‐Ion Battery Packs (2021)

A power management system is a critical component of the system which needs Li‐ion battery packs for power supply. This paper proposes a fully integrated, high‐precision, and high‐reliability Integrated Circuit (IC) for the power management system of Li‐ion battery packs. It has full protection circuits including overvoltage, overtemperature, and overcurrent circuits with measuring voltage accuracy of 0.2 mV and a 15‐bit internal Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog‐to‐Digital Converter (ADC). This IC is designed to protect the system automatically and measure the battery cells’ voltage, temperature, and charging or discharging current with high precision. It also provides an I 2 C interface to communicate with an external Microcontroller Unit (MCU), making it achievable to perform battery cells’ voltage balancing and SOC estimation with 0.1% estimation accuracy in an hour.
Etiology of Acute Diarrhea in Children and Adults in Tunis, Tunisia, with Emphasis on Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Prevalence, Phenotyping, and Molecular Epidemiology (2007)

A total of 271 stool specimens were collected from children (diarrheagenic, n = 115 and control, n = 54) and adults (diarrheagenic, n = 73 and control, n = 29) from Tunis, Tunisia, and processed to detect bacterial enteropathogens, parasites, and viruses. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were identified by their virulence genes (polymerase chain reaction) and adherence patterns (tissue culture assays). The most frequently isolated enteric pathogens from diarrheagenic children were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 32.3%), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC, 11.3%), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC, (11.3%), adenovirus (10.4%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC, 10.4%), and Salmonella spp. (9.5%). For children in the control group, ETEC (37%), EAEC (15%), EHEC (11.1%), and typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, 11.1%) were the most common enteric pathogens. In adults in the diarrheagenic group, Salmonella spp. (34.2%), ETEC (12.3%), adenovirus (7%), and Shigella spp. (4%) were the most common enteric pathogens. In adults in the control group, ETEC (31%) was the most common enteric pathogen. Multiple pathogens were recovered from 22% of the diarrheagenic children and 7% of the diarrheagenic adults. Escherichia coli strains showed high resistance rates to tetracycline, streptomycin, and beta-lactams. The most frequent combinations were ETEC-rotavirus and ETEC-adenovirus. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for DEC indicated a large number of DEC clones (five major clones) persistent in the community reservoir for a considerable period of time that caused diarrhea in the population. This suggests the confluence of small epidemics by clonally related DEC strains circulating in this region.
Log-Likelihood Ratio Calculation for Pilot Symbol Assisted Coded Modulation Schemes With Residual Phase Noise (2019)

This paper presents a novel log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation for high order coded modulation schemes over an additive white Gaussian noise channel at the presence of residual phase noise (RPN). Residual phase noise is known to significantly degrade the error rate performance of such systems, particularly at lower error rates, resulting in an early error floor. To model RPN, we consider the commonly used pilot symbol assisted modulation schemes for carrier recovery. We derive the exact formula for the calculation of LLR for such systems. To simplify the implementation, we also derive an approximation of LLR which reduces the complexity significantly with almost no loss in performance. The simulation results are presented for coded modulation schemes based on quadrature amplitude modulations and low-density parity-check codes. The simulations demonstrate significant performance improvement in the error rate as a result of using the new LLR calculation instead of the conventional calculation of LLR which ignores the RPN.
Immunoglobulin E in Feces from Children with Allergy (1985)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was found by a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique (PRIST) in extracts of feces from 21 of 40 children with different kinds of allergy. 15 of the 22 children with gastrointestinal allergy and atopic dermatitis, but only 6 of the 17 patients with hay fever and/or bronchial asthma had detectable IgE in the extracts. The patients with gastrointestinal allergy also had the highest concentrations of fecal IgE, and the concentrations in feces did not correlate with the corresponding serum IgE levels. Furthermore, the presence of IgE in feces correlated with specific IgE antibodies in serum, measured as the sum of RAST classes to the food allergens wheat, fish, cow's milk and egg-white. IgE may therefore have been produced locally in the gut as a result of stimulation by food allergens. Since the concentrations of IgA in feces were also high in many children with allergy, and since some possibility of a positive correlation with high IgE concentration seemed to exist, the stimuli for local production of IgE and IgA may be interrelated.
Problemstellung (2001)

Die Analyse und Prognose von Konsumentenreaktionen ist eine zentrale Aufgabe der Marketingforschung.1 Bei den zur Unterstützung dieser Aufgabenstellung eingesetzten Methoden wird jedoch häufig vernachlässigt, daß Konsumenten ihren Ent-scheidungsprozeß individuell durchlaufen. So wird ein „erfahrener” Konsument, der bereits über ausreichende Produktkenntnisse verfügt, nicht so viel Zeit in die Informationssuche vor dem Kauf investieren, wie ein „unwissender” Konsument in einer für ihn neuartigen Produktart. Auf der anderen Seite setzt sich eine Person, die bei ihrer Kaufentscheidung aufgrund des möglicherweise hohen Geldopfers ein hohes Risiko wahrnimmt, intensiver mit dem Produktkauf auseinander als jemand, für den derselbe Produktpreis aufgrund einer besseren Einkommenssituation eine eher unbedeutende Rolle spielt. Schließlich wird ein Individuum, dessen Hobby die Gartenpflege ist, beim Kauf neuer Frühjahrsblumen stärker involviert sein und sich entsprechend intensiver mit der Auswahl beschäftigen als eine Person, der die Gartenarbeit keinerlei Freude bereitet. Im Rahmen der Produktbeurteilung spiegeln sich diese Unterschiede unter anderem in der Art und Anzahl der für die Bewertung der Produkte herangezogenen Merkmale wider.
Minimum Feedback Arc Sets for a Directed Graph (1963)

A minimum feedback arc set is, for a directed graph, a minimum set of arcs which if removed leaves the resultant graph free of directed loops. This paper establishes a relationship between these feedback arcs and order; in particular, such a minimum set of arcs is shown to be determined by a sequential ordering of the nodes which minimizes the number of arcs, each of which enters a node that precedes in the ordering the node it leaves. From this relationship are developed some simple characteristics of such sets, as well as properties of the sequential orderings by which these minimum sets are determined. These properties form the basis of an algorithm for finding minimum feedback arc sets.
TDP-43 in aging and Alzheimer's disease - a review. (2011)

Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), an RNA and DNA binding protein involved in transcriptional repression, RNA splicing and RNA metabolism during the stress response, is the major component of neuronal inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin inclusions, now referred to as FTLD-TDP. While initially thought to be relatively specific to ALS and FTLD-TDP, TDP-43 pathology has now been detected in a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, many associated with tau pathology, including Guam Parkinson dementia complex and Alzheimer's disease (AD). TDP-43 pathology is detected in 25% to 50% of AD cases, especially those with more severe clinical phenotype and greater Alzheimer type pathology, as well as AD cases with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). HS is characterized by selective neuronal loss affecting CA1 sector of the hippocampus, and most cases of HS, with or without AD, have TDP-43 pathology. Whether TDP-43 pathology is merely an incidental finding in AD or actually contributing to the more severe clinical phenotype remains unresolved. Presence of TDP-43 in normal elderly, who are at increased risk for AD, would strengthen the argument that it is not merely a secondary or incidental finding in end stage AD. Limited studies suggest that TDP-43 pathology is infrequent in neurologically normal elderly (3% or less). We provide an overview of what is known about TDP-43 in AD, normal aging and in other disorders and suggest that TDP-43 proteinopathies be considered in two classes - primary and secondary.
Methanol is an endogenous elicitor molecule for the synthesis of tryptophan and tryptophan‐derived secondary metabolites upon senescence of detached rice leaves (2011)

During senescence of detached rice leaves, tryptophan (Trp) and Trp-derived secondary metabolites such as serotonin and 4-coumaroylserotonin accumulated in concert with methanol (MeOH) production. This senescence-induced MeOH induction was closely associated with levels of pectin methylesterase (PME)1 mRNA and PME enzyme activity. Exogenous challenge of detached rice leaves with 1% MeOH accelerated Trp and serotonin biosynthesis with induction of the corresponding genes. No other solvents, including ethanol, resulted in a Trp-inducing effect. This MeOH-induced Trp synthesis was positively regulated by abscisic acid but negatively regulated by cytokinin, suggesting hormonal involvement in the action of MeOH. Endogenous overproduction or suppression of MeOH either by PME1 overexpression or RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing revealed that PME1 overexpressing lines produced twofold higher Trp levels with elevated Trp biosynthetic gene expression, whereas RNAi lines showed twofold reduction in Trp level in healthy control rice leaves, suggesting that MeOH acts as an endogenous elicitor to enhance Trp biosynthesis. Among many transcription factors induced following MeOH treatment, the WRKY family showed significant induction patterns, of which WRKY14 appeared to play a key regulatory role in MeOH-induced Trp and Trp-derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy: report of 9 cases (2013)

Objective
To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in pregnancy.


Methods
Clinical data of 9 patients with HCC in pregnancy in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to January 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients' age was 18-37 years old with the median age of 28 years old. The patients were diagnosed as HCC at 18-37 gestational weeks, and they delivered at 18+5-38 gestational weeks with an average of 33+1 weeks. Eight cases had a history of hepatitis B before pregnancy. Five cases suffered persistent upper or right upper abdominal dull pain, 1 case lower abdominal dull pain, 1 case nausea and vomiting, and 1 cases nausea and bloating. The level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 106-58 433 μg/L and the diameter of liver tumor was 7-21 cm. Hospital-wide consultation was hold after various examinations had been completed. The treatment plan was jointly developed by Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Anesthesiology. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. Caesarean section was performed in 8 patients and induced labour in 1 case. Two cases underwent segmental hepatectomy 1-2 weeks after caesarean section, of which 1 case received 3 periods of chemotherapy following the operation, while the other one received no chemotherapy. One case only received 3 periods of chemotherapy after caesarean section. And the other 6 cases abandoned treatment.


Results
Eight cases delivered healthy babies by cesarean section. Two cases who underwent segmental hepatectomy had survived for 1 year and 4 months respectively till the paper submission day. The case who received single chemotherapy died of systemic multiple metastasis of HCC within 6 months after delivery. The other 6 cases who abandoned treatment died of hemorrhage of HCC within 3 months after delivery.


Conclusions
Patients with HCC in pregnancy are lack of specific clinical manifestations, and most are diagnosed at the middle or advanced stage. The treatments are mainly surgery and chemotherapy and the prognosis is poor. Early detection and timely treatment can help to improve the prognosis.


Key words: 
Pregnancy; Parturition; Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Hepatectomy; Prognosis; Hepatitis B virus; Alpha-fetoproteins
Evaluating Casing Deformation Mechanisms in Primary Heavy Oil Production (1999)

Abstract Massive sand production during primary heavy oil recovery operations in Northeastern Alberta has resulted in severe deformation of the well casing in a number of wells. A new method for processing multi-sensor caliper data has allowed heavy oil operators to map local casing deformation features such as collapses, buckles and shears that are too localized to be identified with conventional gyroscope surveys. The processed caliper data are used to benchmark numerical simulations of the casing/formation interaction. The formation movements predicted from these simulations are used to infer the geometry of the sand producing zone and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of mitigation strategies.
The Ontolingua Server: a tool for collaborative ontology construction (1997)

Reusable ontologies are becoming increasingly important for tasks such as information integration, knowledge-level interoperation and knowledge-base development. We have developed a set of tools and services to support the process of achieving consensus on commonly shared ontologies by geographically distributed groups. These tools make use of the World Wide Web to enable wide access and provide users with the ability to publish, browse, create and edit ontologies stored on anontology server. Users can quickly assemble a new ontology from a library of modules. We discuss how our system was constructed, how it exploits existing protocols and browsing tools, and our experience supporting hundreds of users. We describe applications using our tools to achieve consensus on ontologies and to integrate information. The Ontolingua Server may be accessed through the URL http://ontolingua.stanford.edu
The Methyl Esterification of Amino Acids with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane and Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Methyl Esterification of Amino Acids with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane and Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride1Julian R. RacheleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2898Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a515https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a515research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2696Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Context-aware intentional service framework for service adaptation (2010)

Intentional-based approaches aim at fulfilling user's requirements in order to facilitate his interaction with information systems. Those approaches take into account the user's goals and try to select the appropriate service based on it. However, nowadays, users are constantly moving and the context in which they interact with an information system changes from a situation to another. By consequence, user's intentions may vary according to his current context. Actually, the user's context can influence the service selection process, a service being more appropriate in a given situation then another one. Therefore, with the growth of the new technologies, we need to build reactive and proactive systems that take into account user's goals in ubiquitous environment. In order to provide dynamic adaptation of intentional services on ubiquitous environments, we propose in this paper, a context-aware intentional framework for a personalized service adaptation. In this framework, we propose to keep a trace of the user's context and past intentions in order to support a proactive selection of services. This is done through a set of interconnected models, namely context model and user's behavior schema, which are explored by a rule-based system allowing the dynamic selection of services.
Threshold characteristics of multimode laser oscillators (1975)

The oscillation characteristics of a multimode laser are considered in detail, and for the first time saturation by all of the cavity modes is included. Analytical expressions are obtained for the mode amplitudes, linewidths, and over-all spectral characteristics of lasers operating above and below threshold. It is found that with increasing excitation the spontaneous emission spectrum is gradually resolved into a set of narrow discrete modes. Slightly above threshold the number of modes reduces in a homogeneoulsy broadened laser until only a single mode is oscillating strongly. The theoretical results are in agreement with experimental data that have been reported using semiconductor lasers. With inhomogeneous broadening the spectral width goes through a minimum near threshold.