gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Childhood tuberculosis (2000)

Childhood tuberculosis will reflect the incidence of cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and will consequently be encountered most frequently in those areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Problem areas include our continuing inability to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis in many children, the escalating interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic and tuberculosis, which is now evident with greater frequency in childhood, and the scarcity of data relating to antituberculosis therapy in childhood, which necessitates reliance on adult studies in many cases. This review highlights several options for obtaining material for culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children, aspects of tuberculin testing, which remains one of the cornerstones supporting a diagnosis of tuberculosis in childhood, the potential importance of therapeutic drug monitoring in problem cases, new data giving epidemiologic and clinical details of the interaction of HIV infection and tuberculosis in children, and studies describing the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the developed and developing world.
First Clinical Study on Ultra-High-Field MR Imaging in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of 1.5T and 7T (2009)

Ultra-high-field imaging of patients with MS at 7T was well tolerated and provided better visualization of MS lesions in the gray matter and demonstrated structural abnormalities within the MS lesions themselves more effectively.
High‐Throughput, Miniaturized Clonogenic Analysis of a Limiting Dilution Assay on a Micropillar/Microwell Chip with Brain Tumor Cells (2014)

The limiting dilution assay (LDA) is a clonogenic drug efficacy test designed to determine a value for drug efficacy based on an all-or-none (positive or negative) response within replicates. It also attempts to calculate minimum cell numbers for cells to form colony in each drugged conditions, wherein a large value implies high drug efficacy (as a large number of extant cells are required to start a colony). However, traditional LDAs are time-consuming to set up, often requiring many replicates for statistical analysis, and manual colony identification under a microscope to determine a positive or negative response is tedious and is susceptible to human error. To address these issues, a high-throughput miniaturized LDA assay is developed using a micropillar/microwell chip platform using an automatic colony identification method. Three glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumor isolates (448T, 464T, and 775T) are used to test this new assay, using the c-Met kinase inhibitors SU11274 and PHA665752 as the target drugs. The results show that the minimum cell number of 775T is larger than that of the other two cell types (SU11274 and PHA665752) in both the sampled drugs, a result that is in good agreement with the results of previous conventional experiments using 96 well plates.
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is not required for IVIg or anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody–mediated amelioration of murine immune thrombocytopenia (2011)

To definitively determine whether the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is required for the acute amelioration of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by IVIg, we used FcRn-deficient mice in a murine ITP model. Mice injected with antiplatelet antibody in the presence or absence of IVIg displayed no difference in platelet-associated IgG between FcRn deficient versus C57BL/6 mice. FcRn-deficient mice treated with high-dose (2 g/kg) IVIg or a low-dose (2 mg/kg) of an IVIg-mimetic CD44 antibody were, however, protected from thrombocytopenia to an equivalent extent as wild-type mice. To verify and substantiate the results found with FcRn-deficient mice, we used β(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice (which do not express functional FcRn) and found that IVIg or CD44 antibody also protected them from thrombocytopenia. These data suggest that for both high-dose IVIg as well as low-dose CD44 antibody treatment in an acute ITP model, FcRn expression is neither necessary nor required.
Fiber optic data distribution systems utilizing variable tap ratio optical couplers (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Brian E. Kincaid, "Fiber optic data distribution systems utilizing variable tap ratio optical couplers," Appl. Opt. 16, 2355-2356 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Synthesis and Conformation of Sequential Polypeptides of L-Alanine and β-Aminobutyric Acid (1976)

Sequential polypeptides with the repeating units L-alanyl-(S)-beta-aminobutyric acid, L-alanyl-(R)-beta-aminobutyric acid, and L-alanyl-(R,S)-beta-aminobutyric acid have been synthesized by polycondensation of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester hydrochloride salts of the corresponding dipeptides. Circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy studies of films of the polypeptides and circular dichroism study of their solutions in hexafluoro-2-propanol and hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol show the tendency of the polypeptides to adopt the beta conformation in the solid state. In pure hexafluoro-2-propanol or hexafluoroacetone, the three polymers adopt what we interpret as random coil conformations. In mixtures of hexafluoro-2-propanol-water or hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol-water, the polypeptide containing the S isomer shows a definite tendency to form beta structure. This tendency is not established for the R and the R,S isomers.
Ion Mobility Measurements and their Applications to Clusters and Biomolecules (1997)

Ion mobility measurements can be used to obtain structural information for large polyatomic ions in the gas phase. The methods are flexible and can be applied to a wide range of chemical systems. This article reviews the development of these methods and discusses recent applications to complex ions such as atomic clusters and large biomolecules. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel technologies for antiangiogenic drug delivery in the brain (2009)

Antiangiogenic therapies aimed at inhibiting the formation of tumor vasculature hold great promise for cancer therapy, with multiple compounds currently undergoing clinical trials. As with many forms of chemotherapy, antiangiogenic drugs face numerous hurdles in their translation to clinical use. Many such promising agents exhibit a short half-life, low solubility, poor bioavailability and multiple toxic side effects. Furthermore, when targeting malignant brain tumors the blood-brain barrier represents a formidable obstacle, preventing drugs from penetrating into the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss several preclinical antiangiogenic therapies and describe issues related to the unique conditions in the brain with regard to cancer treatment and neurotoxicity. We focus on the limitations of antiangiogenic drugs in the brain, along with numerous solutions that involve novel biomaterials and nanotechnological approaches. We also discuss an example in which modifying the properties of an antiangiogenic compound enhanced its clinical efficacy in treating tumors while simultaneously mitigating undesirable neurological side-effects.
SHORT NOTICES (1991)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access Women in the Eighteenth Century: Constructions of Femininity. Edited by VIVEN JONES. Pp xii+258 (World and Word Series) London. Routledge, 1990. Cloth, £30, paper, £9 95 net. APRIL LONDON APRIL LONDON University of Ottawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XLII, Issue 168, November 1991, Pages 611-b–612, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XLII.168.611-b Published: 01 November 1991
Macro- and microscale fluid flow systems for endothelial cell biology (2009)

Recent advances in microfluidics have brought forth new tools for studying flow-induced effects on mammalian cells, with important applications in cardiovascular, bone and cancer biology. The plethora of microscale systems developed to date demonstrate the flexibility of microfluidic designs, and showcase advantages of the microscale that are simply not available at the macroscale. However, the majority of these systems will likely not achieve widespread use in the biological laboratory due to their complexity and lack of user-friendliness. To gain widespread acceptance in the biological research community, microfluidics engineers must understand the needs of cell biologists, while biologists must be made aware of available technology. This review provides a critical evaluation of cell culture flow (CCF) systems used to study the effects of mechanical forces on endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. To help understand the need for various designs of CCF systems, we first briefly summarize main properties of ECs and their native environments. Basic principles of various macro- and microscale systems are described and evaluated. New opportunities are uncovered for developing technologies that have potential to both improve efficiency of experimentation as well as answer important biological questions that otherwise cannot be tackled with existing systems. Finally, we discuss some of the unresolved issues related to microfluidic cell culture, suggest possible avenues of investigation that could resolve these issues, and provide an outlook for the future of microfluidics in biological research.
Spectrally resolved Raman lidar measurements of gaseous and liquid water in the atmosphere (2013)

A spectrally resolved Raman lidar based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser is built for measuring gaseous and liquid water in the atmosphere. A double-grating polychromator with a reciprocal linear dispersion of ~0.237 nm mm(-1) is designed to achieve the wavelength separation and the suppression of elastic backscatter. A 32-channel linear-array photomultiplier tube is employed to sample atmospheric Raman water spectrum between 401.65 and 408.99 nm. The lidar-observed Raman water spectrum in the very clear atmosphere is nearly invariable in shape. It is dominated by water vapor, and can serve as background reference for Raman lidar identification of the phase state of atmospheric water under various weather conditions. The lidar has measured also the Raman water spectrum of an aerosol/liquid water layer. The spectrum showed a moderate increase of the signal on both sides of the Q-branch of water vapor. Noting that under clear weather conditions the Raman water spectrum intensity stays at a very low level in the 401.6-404.7 nm range, the Raman water signal in this portion can be used to estimate the liquid water content in the layer.
Continuous Production of Pectic Oligosaccharides in an Enzyme Membrane Reactor (2001)

ABSTRACT: The use of high methylated (60% to 66% methylation) and low methylated (8% methylation) pectin for the continuous production of pectic‐oligosaccharides in an ultrafiltration dead‐end membrane reactor was investigated. Substrate concentration (1% to 5% w/v), enzyme concentration (90 to 2700 Ul ‐1 ), and residence time (40 to 120 min) were the factors studied. Response surface methodology was used to model the processes. Two responses were determined: conversion of pectin(s) into product, and product dextrose equivalent values (DE). Mathematical models were fitted for each response. Conversions to product ranged from 67% to 99.7%. Product DE values increased with increasing residence time from 27 to 70. The average molecular‐weight distribution of the products obtained was 3.5 kDa when high methylated pectin was used as substrate and 3.8 kDa for low methylated pectin.
Three-dimensional super-resolution with a 4Pi-confocal microscope using image restoration (1998)

The combination of two-photon excitation 4Pi-confocal fluorescence microscopy with image restoration leads to a fundamental improvement of three-dimensional resolution in the imaging of transparent, fluorescent specimens. The improvement is exemplified by randomly dispersed fluorescent beads and with actin filaments in a mouse fibroblast cell. For an illumination wavelength of 810 nm, we obtained lateral and axial full-width at half-maxima of point-like objects of 120–140 nm, and 70–100 nm, respectively. Fluorescent beads that are 150 nm apart are imaged with an intensity dip of ∼25%. This amounts to a ∼sixfold improvement of the axial resolution over standard two-photon confocal microscopy. In the cell, the 3D-images reveal details otherwise not resolvable with focused light.
Metropolitan-scale Wi-Fi mesh networks (2004)

Standardization, widespread vendor adoption, low cost, and ease of use have all contributed to the explosive growth in Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) wireless broadband networks. Wi-Fi access is now available on most notebook computers and personal digital assistants. However, the limited reach of Wi-Fi propagation and high cost of installing and maintaining a wired network backhaul connection have limited Wi-Fi network deployments to homes, offices, public hot spots, and some wide-area hot zones. In addition, installing, managing, and scaling multiple hot spots is difficult. Dense-cellular Wi-Fi mesh networking has the potential to bridge this digital divide, foster economic development, increase public safety organizations' efficiency and effectiveness, and connect communities. The technology is making it possible, for the first time, to create truly unwired cities.
NASA multipurpose airborne DIAL system and measurements of ozone and aerosol profiles (1983)

An airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system has been developed for the remote measurement of gas and aerosol profiles in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The multipurpose DIAL system can operate from 280 to 1064 nm for measurements of ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, temperature,pressure, and aerosol backscattering. The laser transmitter consists of two narrow linewidth Nd: YAG pumped dye lasers with automatic wavelength control. The DIAL wavelengths are transmitted with a 00-,usec temporal separation to reduce receiver system complexity. A coaxial receiver system is used to collect and optically separate the DIAL and aerosol lidar returns. Photomultiplier tubes detect the backscattered laser returns after optical filtering, and the analog signals from three tubes are digitized and stored on high-speed magnetic tape. Real-time gas concentration profiles or aerosol backscatter distributions are calculated and displayed for experiment control. Operational parameters for the airborne DIAL system are presented for measurements of ozone, water vapor, and aerosols in the 290-, 720-, and 600-nm wavelength regions, respectively. The first ozone profile measurements from an aircraft using the DIAL technique are discussed in this paper. Comparisons between DIAL and in situ ozone measurements show agreement to within +/-5 ppbv in the lower troposphere. Lidar aerosol data obtained simultaneously with DIAL ozone measurements are presented for a flight over Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. DIAL system performance for profiling ozone in a tropopause folding experiment is evaluated, and the applications of the DIAL system to regional and global-scale tropospheric investigations are discussed.
High sensitivity of transgenic mice expressing soluble TNFR1 fusion protein to mycobacterial infections: Synergistic action of TNF and IFN‐γ in the differentiation of protective granulomas (1997)

To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in protective immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), we have used transgenic mice unable to use TNF because of the expression of high amounts of a soluble TNF receptor (R) type I (sTNFR1) fusion protein, and studied resistance of these mice to infection by lethality assays, evaluation of bacterial recovery and histologic examination. These mice showed a strongly increased sensitivity to M. tuberculosis and BCG infections, with bacterial overgrowth and marked inhibition of macrophage differentiation within granulomas; after M. tuberculosis infection, this resulted in extensive lesions of caseous necrosis in the lung. To explore the respective roles of TNF and interferon (IFN)-gamma in resistance to BCG and granuloma differentiation, controls and sTNFR1-transgenic mice were compared to IFN-gammaR mutant mice and mice double defective in TNF and IFN-gamma activity (obtained by crossing transgenic and mutant mice). The three groups of deficient mice showed a strongly enhanced susceptibility to BCG infection, with the following decreasing order of sensitivity between groups: TNF + IFN-gamma --> TNF --> IFN-gamma-deficient mice. The hepatic granulomas of IFN-gammaR mutant mice were small and contained eosinophils but few differentiated macrophages; compared to those of sTNFR1-transgenic mice, acid-fast bacilli were less numerous within the macrophages. Granulomas of double-deficient mice were strikingly different by their very large size and cellular content, made up large numbers of polymorphonuclears, eosinophils, and cells undergoing apoptosis, but without detectable differentiated macrophages; acid-fast bacilli were spread in the lesions. These studies show the essential role of both TNF and IFN-gamma in the development, during mycobacterial infections, of protective granulomas containing highly differentiated macrophages capable of destroying ingested bacteria, and emphasize that these two cytokines act synergistically in granuloma formation.
20.10 A 50nW-to-10mW output power tri-mode digital buck converter with self-tracking zero current detection for photovoltaic energy harvesting (2015)

Photovoltaic energy harvesting is an attractive method of developing battery-free systems for wireless sensors, biomedicai electronics, and the internet of things (IoT). To obtain an energy-efficient system, low-power digital circuits operating in the near/sub-threshold region are widely used in such applications. Therefore, the design of a low-voltage buck converter, which converts the harvested energy to the regulated output is critical. Sub-1V buck converters have been implemented using a large inductor [1] to operate in a continuous conduction mode (CCM). Both CCM and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation has been demonstrated in [2], using an analog zero current detection (ZCD) technique to extend the available output power range. However, the analog circuit limits the minimum output power to 50μW, and reduces the conversion efficiency under light load conditions.
Mesogenic Polymers. 5. <sup>1</sup>Thermotropic Polyamide Liquid Crystals and Analogous Small Molecule Diamides (1982)

Abstract The use of substituents (X # H) ortho to the amide nitrogen in both aromatic polyamides and analogous diamides renders these compounds to be enantiotropic mesogens by lowering the solid → mesophase temperature. At the molecular level this is understood as a reduction in interchain hydrogen bonding through either a steric blocking effect and/or through formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (when X = C1, OCH3). DSC, optical microscopy and infrared data are presented for the eight compounds reported.
Fast 3D recognition and pose using the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (2010)

We present the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH), a descriptor for 3D point cloud data that encodes geometry and viewpoint. We demonstrate experimentally on a set of 60 objects captured with stereo cameras that VFH can be used as a distinctive signature, allowing simultaneous recognition of the object and its pose. The pose is accurate enough for robot manipulation, and the computational cost is low enough for real time operation. VFH was designed to be robust to large surface noise and missing depth information in order to work reliably on stereo data.
Knowbot Programming: system support for mobile agents (2002)

Knowbot Programs are mobile agents intended for use in widely distributed systems like the Internet. We describe our experiences implementing security, process migration, and inter-process communication in a prototype system implemented using the object-oriented programming language Python. This infrastructure supports applications that are composed of multiple, autonomous agents that can migrate to use network resources more efficiently.
17α‐estradiol induces aromatase activity in intact human anagen hair follicles <i>ex vivo</i> (2002)

For topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in women, solutions containing either estradiol benzoate, estradiol valerate, 17beta- or 17alpha-estradiol are commercially available in Europe and some studies show an increased anagen and decreased telogen rate after treatment as compared with placebo. At present it is not precisely known how estrogens mediate their beneficial effect on AGA-affected hair follicles. We have shown recently that 17alpha-estradiol is able to diminish the amount of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) formed by human hair follicles after incubation with testosterone, while increasing the concentration of weaker steroids such as estrogens. Because aromatase is involved in the conversion of testosterone to estrogens and because there is some clinical evidence that aromatase activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of AGA, we addressed the question whether aromatase is expressed in human hair follicles and whether 17alpha-estradiol is able to modify the aromatase activity. Herewith we were able to demonstrate that intact, microdissected hair follicles from female donors express considerably more aromatase activity than hair follicles from male donors. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected the aromatase mainly in the epithelial parts of the hair follicle and not in the dermal papilla. Furthermore, we show that in comparison to the controls, we noticed in 17alpha-estradiol-incubated (1 nM) female hair follicles a concentration- and time-dependent increase of aromatase activity (at 24 h: 1 nM = +18%, 100 nM = +25%, 1 micro M = +57%; 24 h: 1 nM = +18%, 48 h: 1 nM = +25%). In conclusion, our ex vivo experiments suggest that under the influence of 17alpha-estradiol an increased conversion of testosterone to 17beta-estradiol and androstendione to estrone takes place, which might explain the beneficial effects of estrogen treatment of AGA.
Hydrodesulfurization of sulfur-containing polyaromatic compounds in light oil (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrodesulfurization of sulfur-containing polyaromatic compounds in light oilToshiaki Kabe, Atsushi Ishihara, and Haruhiko TajimaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 6, 1577–1580Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00006a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00006a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views903Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts