gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usability of web services (2004)

This paper is concerned with the application of Web services to distributed, cross-organizational business processes. Web services provide a platform independent concept of components and composition. Thus, they seem to be a proper technology to cover the heterogeneous structures within distributed business processes. Although the technological basis is given, there are a lot of open questions, such as whether Web services fit together in such a way that the composition yields a deadlock-free system - the question of compatibility; whether one Web service can be exchanged by another within a composed system without running into problems - the question of equivalence; and whether we can reason about the quality of one given Web service without considering the environment it is used in. In this paper, we present the notion of usability - our quality criterion of a Web service. This criterion is intuitive and can be easily proven locally. Moreover, this notion allows to answer the other questions.
Studies on fowl cholera. I. A biochemic study of avian Pasteurella multocida strains. (1963)

Rosenbusch and Merchant (7) made an extensive review of reports concerned with attempts to classify Pasteurellae. Their study revealed that strains of Pasteurella multocida could be divided into two main groups, designated I and II, and a less clearly defined group, III. This division was made on the basis of differences in the ability of strains to ferment xylose, arabinose, and dulcitol. They were able to correlate the results of fermentative action with agglutination tests. Little and Lyon (4), in a study of nonhemolytic Pasteurella, found three types, designated 1, 2, and 3, by slide agglutination tests and passive immunization of mice. Their report did not include biochemic studies. Roberts (6) also reviewed reports concerned with the classification of P. multocida, and demonstrated four types, designated I, II, III, and IV, by immunologic studies in mice. He noted that the immunologic type showed some correlation to fermentative reactions with
Urokinase Receptor-Dependent Upregulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Adhesion to Vitronectin by Urokinase (1998)

The plasminogen activator system has been implicated in the modulation of the response to vascular injury. Although urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) may enhance matrix degradation as well as migration and invasion by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), their roles in cell adhesion are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the ability of uPA and uPAR to modulate adhesion of cultured human vascular SMCs to various matrices. We demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulation of adhesion by single-chain uPA (scuPA) to vitronectin (maximum 1.55-fold [+/-0. 04-fold] increase, 10 nmol/L, P<0.002) but not to laminin, collagen I, or collagen IV. Baseline adhesion to vitronectin was completely inhibited by both EDTA and RGD peptide but was restored to >40% of control in the presence of scuPA (P=0.001 and 0.046, respectively). Adhesion to vitronectin was also significantly enhanced by the amino-terminal fragment of uPA (P=0.007) and two-chain, high-molecular-weight uPA (P<0.01) but not by the low-molecular-weight fragment of uPA, which lacks the receptor-binding domain. Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, had no effect on baseline or scuPA-stimulated adhesion, suggesting a plasmin-independent process. Preincubation of scuPA with soluble uPAR inhibited scuPA stimulation of adhesion by 88+/-14% (P=0.01), as did pretreatment of SMCs with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, which removes glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, including uPAR. Antibodies to both alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrin inhibited baseline adhesion but not scuPA stimulation. Finally, coating plates with scuPA alone enabled cell adhesion, which could be inhibited by both soluble uPAR and anti-uPAR antibodies. These data suggest that uPA stimulates adhesion of SMCs specifically to vitronectin and that it is mediated by an interaction with uPAR. Upregulation of both proteins after vascular injury may facilitate migration through stimulation of both matrix degradation and cell adhesion.
CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cell Immune Response in Immunocompetent Mice during Zika Virus Infection (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causees neurologic complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in fetuses. We investigated the immune response, especially the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response in C57BL/6 (B6) wild-type (WT) mice, during ZIKV infection. We found that a robust CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response was elicited, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes were identified, a tetramer that recognizes ZIKV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was developed, and virus-specific memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were generated in these mice. The CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from these infected mice were functional, as evidenced by the fact that the adoptive transfer of ZIKV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells could prevent ZIKV infection in the CNS and was cross protective against dengue virus infection. Our findings provide comprehensive insight into immune responses against ZIKV and further demonstrate that WT mice could be a natural and easy-access model for evaluating immune responses to ZIKV infection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> ZIKV infection has severe clinical consequences, including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, microcephaly, and congenital malformations in fetuses and newborn infants. Therefore, study of the immune response, especially the adaptive immune response to ZIKV infection, is important for understanding diseases caused by ZIKV infection. Here, we characterized the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immune response to ZIKV in a comprehensive manner and identified ZIKV epitopes. Using the identified immunodominant epitopes, we developed a tetramer that recognizes ZIKV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells <i>in vivo</i>, which simplified the detection and evaluation of ZIKV-specific immune responses. In addition, the finding that tetramer-positive memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses were generated and that CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells can traffic to a ZIKV-infected brain greatly enhances our understanding of ZIKV infection and provides important insights for ZIKV vaccine design.
Novel 3-Dimensional Placental Measurements in Early Pregnancy as Predictors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (2010)

In addition to volume, 3-dimensional sonography allows for novel techniques to measure other aspects of gross placental morphologic characteristics and CI, which can yield promising biologically plausible early predictors of fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcome.
Plant regeneration from leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Lycopersicon glandulosum. (1989)

Mesophyll protoplasts isolated from Lycopersicon glandulosum were cultured in the modified 8E liquid medium. These protoplasts were divided after 5 days of culture. When the fresh liquid medium was added to the culture on the 7th day, the protoplasts continued to divide for 14 days to form colonies. These colonies were transferred to the modified 8E agar medium, then transferred again to MS agar medium containing 1.0mg/l zeatin to induce shoots. The induced shoots finally developed into intact plants on MS hormone-free agar medium.
Wind generation optimisation algorithm for a doubly fed induction generator (2005)

In recent years, there has been a strong trend towards wind energy production and therefore, new problems related to the efficient production of renewable energy, to the management and operation of energy transfer and to the energy distribution are arising. Hence, the optimisation of wind energy production and consequently the economic benefits derived from its connection to the grid becomes one of the most important problems to be solved in the very near future. Two control strategies are developed in this paper for the active power regulation of wind farms comprising doubly fed induction generators, to obtain the maximum active power from the wind hitting the blades of a mill.
Peptides From Live Yeast Cell Derivative Stimulate Wound Healing (1990)

Live yeast cell derivative is an alcoholic extract from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that has previously been shown by three groups of workers to stimulate wound healing. Live yeast cell derivative is a complex mixture, and it was not known which of its many components was responsible for the biological activity. This study describes the separation and analysis of the major components, one of which is a peptide fraction that stimulates wound healing. The fraction consists of a mixture of peptides from 6000 to 17,000 d. It causes angiogenesis in a chick embryo yolk sac membrane assay and in a rabbit cornea assay, and it dramatically stimulates wound healing in the "Schilling/Hunt" wire mesh cylinder model at concentrations 25-fold lower than those required for the intact live yeast cell derivative.
Nonlinear programming based algorithms to cutting and packing problems (2009)

four algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . The average number of spheres and collisions with different numbers of objects(the number of spheres per object is 1000). . . . .
Linopirdine. A depolarization-activated releaser of transmitters for treatment of dementia. (1995)

Linopirdine (DuP 996, AVIVA), currently in Phase III clinical trial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, is a representative of a class of novel molecules which enhances the stimulus-evoked but not basal release of several neurotransmitters including ACh, DA, 5-HT and Glu. Linopiridine has been shown to enhance ACh release in the hippocampus in vivo. In addition, linopiridine produces a number of effects including EEG patterns of enhanced vigilance, induction of c-fos expression in cerebral cortex, reduction of the increase of cerebral glucose utilization induced by hypoxia, and improved performance in animal models of learning and memory. The specific action of linopiridine on depolarized neurons but not on basal release suggests that compounds of this class will enhance normal brain activity and not lead to a non-specific activation. Furthermore, the effect of linopiridine on multiple neurotransmitter systems that are deficient in Alzheimer's disease suggests that this class of agents may be more efficacious in the treatment of dementia than therapies aimed at individual neurotransmitters systems.
Incorporation of 3,4-Dehydroproline into Protocollagen and Collagen (1970)

Abstract Chick embryo cartilage incubated with dl-3,4-dehydroproline (3,4-dehydroproline) synthesized collagen containing the analogue in place of proline. It was not possible to determine the degree to which 3,4-dehydroproline replaced proline, but under comparable conditions 14C-dl-3,4-dehydroproline was incorporated at about one-fifth the rate of 14C-l-proline. The hydroxyproline content of the collagen was decreased because the analogue replaced prolyl residues which were normally hydroxylated, and because the proline still incorporated was not hydroxylated to the same extent as in control tissues. With tissues incubated with 14C-proline and 40 to 100 µg per ml of dl-3,4-dehydroproline the hydroxylation of 14C-proline in collagen was decreased to one-third to one-half of the control value. The hydroxylation of 14C-lysine in collagen was depressed to about the same degree. The analogue did not inhibit protocollagen proline hydroxylase, and gel filtration indicated the proteins synthesized in the presence of the analogue were of the same size as proteins from control tissues. The 14C-hydroxyproline content of collagen containing 3,4-dehydroproline could not be increased by incubating it with excess protocollagen proline hydroxylase. Collagenous polypeptides prepared by incubating cartilage with puromycin and 3,4-dehydroproline formed stable enzyme-substrate complexes similar to complexes formed with polypeptides which did not contain 3,4-dehydroproline. However, the polypeptides containing 3,4-dehydroproline differed from polypeptides which did not contain the analogue in that they remained attached to the enzyme after incubation with excess enzyme and cofactors. This observation may explain the decreased hydroxylation of collagen containing the analogue in that tight binding of the enzyme to a 3,4-dehydroproline residue at one position in a substrate polypeptide may sterically hinder the hydroxylation of adjacent prolyl or lysyl residues in the same molecule. Autoradiographic experiments indicated that collagen containing 3,4-dehydroproline was not extruded from cartilage cells as rapidly as normal collagen.
Detection of intracellular expression and secretion of interferon‐γ at the single‐cell level after activation of human T cells with tetanus toxoid <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

Activation of T cells results in intracellular expression and secretion of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma. Here we have used three different assays for determination of IFN-gamma in tetanus toxoid- or mitogen-activated human T cell cultures. Two of these assays [intracytoplasmic immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immuno spot assay (ELISPOT)] determined the expression and secretion of IFN-gamma at the single-cell level while the third assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured IFN-gamma secreted into the culture supernatant. Comparison of all three tests revealed a good correlation between the ELISPOT assay and the ELISA, whereas expression of intracellular IFN-gamma showed a qualitative but not a quantitative correlation with the latter. Both the immunospot assay and the immunofluorescence may be used to detect approximate numbers of specific T cells even when present at low frequencies. With the use of the immunospot assay antigen-specific T cells could be detected even in the absence of detectable IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants. However, the ELISA assay should be more convenient for screening large clinical material.
Assessing the credit risk of bank loans using an extended Markov chain model (2012)

In this paper, we adopted a continuous-time non-homogeneous mover-stayer model for the measurement of the credit risk associated with bank loans. This model is an extension of a Markov chain model. Furthermore, we extracted the time varying risk premium to convert the mover-stayer model to a risk-neutral mover-stayer model. This paper draws a number of conclusions and makes a number of important contributions. First, we determined that the mover-stayer model is better suited than the Markov chain model in estimating the credit risk of loans, according to likelihood ratio statistics. Second, we found that borrowers of investment grades are less likely to remain at their original rating. On the other hand, rating classes had a strong tendency to be downgraded, inferring the likelihood that downgrade momentum is an element of rating behavior. However, rating migration did not indicate the existence of upgrade momentum. Third, we estimated time-varying risk premium to transfer transition matrices to risk-neutral transition matrices. Fourth, estimated default probabilities match business cycle indicators particularly well. Finally, estimation procedures are easy to follow and implement. Consequently, the findings in this study have important implications for the management of risk assumed by financial institutions.
Needle Bladder Neck Suspension (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Needle Bladder Neck Suspension Shlomo Raz Shlomo RazShlomo Raz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75526-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Needle Bladder Neck Suspension." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 197A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 197A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Shlomo Raz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
VQA-E: Explaining, Elaborating, and Enhancing Your Answers for Visual Questions (2018)

Most existing works in visual question answering (VQA) are dedicated to improving the accuracy of predicted answers, while disregarding the explanations. We argue that the explanation for an answer is of the same or even more importance compared with the answer itself, since it makes the question and answering process more understandable and traceable. To this end, we propose a new task of VQA-E (VQA with Explanation), where the computational models are required to generate an explanation with the predicted answer. We first construct a new dataset, and then frame the VQA-E problem in a multi-task learning architecture. Our VQA-E dataset is automatically derived from the VQA v2 dataset by intelligently exploiting the available captions. We have conducted a user study to validate the quality of explanations synthesized by our method. We quantitatively show that the additional supervision from explanations can not only produce insightful textual sentences to justify the answers, but also improve the performance of answer prediction. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a clear margin on the VQA v2 dataset.
Generation of tunable single-mode picosecond pulses from an AlGaAs semiconductor laser with grating feedback (1983)

Widely tunable single-mode picosecond pulses have been obtained from a buried optical guide AlGaAs semiconductor laser operated with external grating feedback. Intensity autocorrelation measurements show single-mode 30-ps pulses. A tuning range of 20 nm, corresponding to more than 70 different laser frequencies, was easily achieved.
Purification and Some Characteristics of an ACTH‐Sensitive Protein Kinase and Its Substrate Protein in Rat Brain Membranes (1980)

Abstract: ACTH inhibits the phosphorylation of a rat brain membrane‐bound protein (B‐50). Both the protein kinase and the substrate protein could be extracted from the membranes by means of treatment with Triton X‐100 in 75 mM‐KCl. Using column chromatography over DEAE‐cellulose and ammonium sulphate precipitation a protein fraction (ASP 55–80) enriched in endogenous B‐50 phosphorylating activity was obtained. The time course of the endogenous phosphorylation of B‐50 in this fraction showed a linear incorporation with time for at least 10 min and reached an estimated maximal incorporation of 0.65 mol P/mol B‐50 after 60 min. The inhibition by ACTH 1_24 of the B‐50 protein kinase in ASP 55–80 was dose‐dependent; the half‐maximal effective concentration was 5 × 10 −6 M, being 10 to 50 times lower as compared with intact synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). cAMP, cGMP and various endor‐phins had no effect on the B‐50 protein kinase. The B‐50 protein kinase required both magnesium and calcium for optimal activity. Using two‐dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels the B‐50 protein kinase and the B‐50 protein could be identified and purified. The isoelectric point (IEP) of the kinase is 5.5 and the apparent molecular weight 70,000, whereas the IEP of the substrate protein B‐50 is 4.5 and the apparent molecular weight 48,000. Amino acid analysis on microgram quantities of purified kinase and B‐50 protein revealed basic/acidic amino acid ratios in agreement with the respective lEP's. It is speculated that the inhibition of B‐50 protein kinase may be related to known modulatory effects of ACTH and related peptides on certain types of neurotransmission and behaviour.
A System of Transforming Growth Factor- <i>β</i> Receptors (1991)

"A System of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptors." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 4(5), pp. 395–396
Hijacking an insulin pump: Security attacks and defenses for a diabetes therapy system (2011)

Wearable and implantable medical devices are being increasingly deployed to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy for a range of medical conditions. Unlike other classes of electronics and computing systems, security attacks on these devices have extreme consequences and must, therefore, be analyzed and prevented with utmost effort. Yet, very little work exists on this important topic and the security vulnerabilities of such systems are not well understood. We demonstrate security attacks that we have implemented in the laboratory on a popular glucose monitoring and insulin delivery system available on the market, and also propose defenses against such attacks. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems are becoming increasingly popular among patients with diabetes. These systems utilize wireless communication links, which are frequently utilized as a portal to launch security attacks. Our study shows that both passive attacks (eavesdropping of the wireless communication) and active attacks (impersonation and control of the medical devices to alter the intended therapy) can be successfully launched using public-domain information and widely available off-the-shelf hardware. The proposed attacks can compromise both the privacy and safety of patients. We propose two possible defenses against such attacks. One is based on rolling-code cryptographic protocols, and the other is based on body-coupled communication. Our security analysis shows that the proposed defenses have the potential to mitigate the security risks associated with personal healthcare systems.
New Monte Carlo technique for studying phase transitions (1988)

We present a new method for using the data from Monte Carlo simulations that can increase the efficiency by 2 or more orders of magnitude. A single Monte Carlo simulation is sufficient to obtain complete thermodynamic information over the entire scaling region near a phase transition. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison with exact results for the d=2 Ising model. New results for d=2 eight-state Potts model are also presented. The method is generally applicable to statistical models and lattice-gauge theories.
Oncogene Expression and Genetic Background Influence the Frequency of DNA Copy Number Abnormalities in Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinomas (2004)

Quantitative measurements of tumor genome composition show remarkable heterogeneity in tumors arising from the same anatomical location and/or histopathological class and stage. The factors that contribute to genomic heterogeneity are not clear, but germ-line allelic variation and timing of initiating oncogenic events are likely candidates. We investigated these factors by using array comparative genomic hybridization to measure genomic aberrations in genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, in which oncogenic transformation is elicited by the SV40 T antigens expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP-Tag). Two distinct transgenic RIP-Tag lines, and three polymorphic sublines of one, enabled us to investigate the effects of genetic background and differing age of oncogene induction. Both parameters were found to bias the spectrum of genomic copy number abnormalities. Specifically, the frequency of losing portions of chromosomes 9 and 16 was significantly modulated by genetic background, with the former being lost at highest rates in the FVB/N background and the latter being lost to greatest extent in both FVB/N and C57Bl/6 tumors compared with C3HeB/Fe tumors. The frequency of losing a region of chromosome 6 varied according to the age when tumorigenesis was initiated; loss of chromosome 6 was significantly higher when oncogene expression was first activated in adulthood. These studies illustrate the utility of transgenic animal models for investigation of factors influencing genomic heterogeneity despite the commonalty of target cell type and initiating oncogene.