gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reassortment In Vivo: Driving Force for Diversity of Human Rotavirus Strains Isolated in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999 (2001)

The G and P genotypes of 3,601 rotavirus strains collected in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999 were determined (M. Iturriza-Gómara et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:4394-4401, 2000). In 95.4% of the strains the most common G and P combinations, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8], were found. A small but significant number (2%) of isolates from the remaining strains were reassortants of the most common cocirculating strains, e.g., G1P[4] and G2P[8]. Rotavirus G9P[6] and G9P[8] strains, which constituted 2.7% of all viruses, were genetically closely related in their G components, but the P components of the G9P[8] strains were very closely related to those of cocirculating strains of the more common G types (G1, G3, and G4). In conclusion, genetic interaction by reassortment among cocirculating rotaviruses is not a rare event and contributes significantly to their overall diversity.
Endothelial cell implantation and survival within experimental gliomas. (1994)

The delivery of therapeutic genes to primary brain neoplasms opens new opportunities for treating these frequently fatal tumors. Efficient gene delivery to tissues remains an important obstacle to therapy, and this problem has unique characteristics in brain tumors due to the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. The presence of endothelial mitogens and vessel proliferation within solid tumors suggests that genetically modified endothelial cells might efficiently transplant to brain tumors. Rat brain endothelial cells immortalized with the adenovirus E1A gene and further modified to express the beta-galactosidase reporter were examined for their ability to survive implantation to experimental rat gliomas. Rats received 9L, F98, or C6 glioma cells in combination with endothelial cells intracranially to caudate/putamen or subcutaneously to flank. Implanted endothelial cells were identified by beta-galactosidase histochemistry or by polymerase chain reaction in all tumors up to 35 days postimplantation, the latest time examined. Implanted endothelial cells appeared to cooperate in tumor vessel formation and expressed the brain-specific endothelial glucose transporter type 1 as identified by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of implanted endothelial cells was supported by their increased number within tumors between postimplantation days 14 and 21 (P = 0.015) and by their expression of the proliferation antigen Ki67. These findings establish that genetically modified endothelial cells can be stably engrafted to growing gliomas and suggest that endothelial cell implantation may provide a means of delivering therapeutic genes to brain neoplasms and other solid tumors. In addition, endothelial implantation to brain may be useful for defining mechanisms of brain-specific endothelial differentiation.
Free Energy Landscape of Colloidal Clusters in Spherical Confinement (2019)

The structure of finite self-assembling systems depends sensitively on the number of constituent building blocks. Recently, it was demonstrated that hard sphere-like colloidal particles show a magic number effect when confined in emulsion droplets. Geometric construction rules permit a few dozen magic numbers that correspond to a discrete series of completely filled concentric icosahedral shells. Here, we investigate the free energy landscape of these colloidal clusters as a function of the number of their constituent building blocks for system sizes up to several thousand particles. We find that minima in the free energy landscape, arising from the presence of filled, concentric shells, are significantly broadened, compared to their atomic analogues. Colloidal clusters in spherical confinement can flexibly accommodate excess particles by ordering icosahedrally in the cluster center while changing the structure near the cluster surface. In between these magic number regions, the building blocks cannot arrange into filled shells. Instead, we observe that defects accumulate in a single wedge and therefore only affect a few tetrahedral grains of the cluster. We predict the existence of this wedge by simulation and confirm its presence in experiment using electron tomography. The introduction of the wedge minimizes the free energy penalty by confining defects to small regions within the cluster. In addition, the remaining ordered tetrahedral grains can relax internal strain by breaking icosahedral symmetry. Our findings demonstrate how multiple defect mechanisms collude to form the complex free energy landscape of colloidal clusters.
Release of autolytic enzyme from Streptococcus, faecium cell walls by treatment with dilute alkali (1979)

The autolytic enzyme (endo-beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) of Streptococcus faecium (S. faecalis ATCC 9790) was released in a soluble form from insoluble cell wall-autolytic enzyme complexes by treatment with dilute NaOH at 0 degree C. Treatment of cell wall-enzyme complexes, obtained from either exponential- or stationary-phase cells, with 0.008 to 0.01 N NaOH gave maximum yields of autolytic enzyme activity. At a fixed concentration of NaOH, the yield of autolysin increased with increasing wall densities and was accompanied by the release of methylpentose and phosphorus in amounts proportional to the autolysin. Since extraction of wall-enzyme complexes with 4.5 M LiCl at 0 degree C also removed methylpentose and phosphorus, release of enzyme with NaOH did not appear to result from hydrolysis of covalent linkages. The autolytic enzyme activity released from intact cells, or cell walls, was predominantly in the later (proteinase activable) form which could be activated by trypsin or a proteinase present in commerical bovine plasma albumin.
An 85ns 1Mb DRAM in a plastic DIP (1985)

This paper will describe the application of an NMOS technology with trench capacitors and an additional polycide interconnect layer to develop a 43.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> circuit in a 300mil plastic DIP. A quasi four-bit wide test capability will also be discussed.
Oil and Tocopherol Content and Composition of Pumpkin Seed Oil in 12 Cultivars (2007)

Twelve pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita maxima D.), cultivated in Iowa, were studied for their seed oil content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. Oil content ranged from 10.9 to 30.9%. Total unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 73.1 to 80.5%. The predominant fatty acids present were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars for stearic, oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acid content of oil. Low linolenic acid levels were observed (<1%). The tocopherol content of the oils ranged from 27.1 to 75.1 microg/g of oil for alpha-tocopherol, from 74.9 to 492.8 microg/g for gamma-tocopherol, and from 35.3 to 1109.7 microg/g for delta-tocopherol. The study showed potential for pumpkin seed oil from all 12 cultivars to have high oxidative stability that would be suitable for food and industrial applications, as well as high unsaturation and tocopherol content that could potentially improve the nutrition of human diets.
China in Africa (1972)

The Chinese presence in Black Africa has grown enormously in the last five years and is triggering a dangerous new Great Power scramble for strategic positions. In the long run, its effect may be to repartition the continent into new ideological and economic spheres of influence. It is forcing the Great Powers to focus aid on areas of strategic value rather than on regions of greatest human need. It is also compelling communist and capitalist powers to overlook racial and social injustice in order to preserve their strategic stakes.
A Pipelined FFT Architecture for Real-Valued Signals (2009)

This paper presents a new pipelined hardware architecture for the computation of the real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT). The proposed architecture takes advantage of the reduced number of operations of the RFFT with respect to the complex fast Fourier transform (CFFT), and requires less area while achieving higher throughput and lower latency. The architecture is based on a novel algorithm for the computation of the RFFT, which, contrary to previous approaches, presents a regular geometry suitable for the implementation of hardware structures. Moreover, the algorithm can be used for both the decimation in time (DIT) and decimation in frequency (DIF) decompositions of the RFFT and requires the lowest number of operations reported for radix 2. Finally, as in previous works, when calculating the RFFT the output samples are obtained in a scrambled order. The problem of reordering these samples is solved in this paper and a pipelined circuit that performs this reordering is proposed.
Engineering supermode silicon/III-V hybrid waveguides for laser oscillation (2008)

We analyze a silicon/III-V hybrid semiconductor waveguide structure for laser oscillation. We show that, by optimally designing and controlling the resonant supermode behavior in such structures, the modal gain can be enhanced five times compared with that of the existing silicon evanescent laser, while maintaining efficient coupling to outside silicon waveguide circuits.
c-Krox Binds to Several Sites in the Promoter of Both Mouse Type I Collagen Genes (1996)

We have previously shown that c-Krox is a zinc finger protein that can increases the transcriptional activity of the mouse alpha1(I) collagen promoter through its binding to two GC-rich sequences (Galéra, P., Musso, M., Ducy, P., and Karsenty, G. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 9372-9376). In this report we show that c-Krox can bind to an additional site in the promoter of the alpha1(I) collagen gene and to three sites in the promoter of the alpha2(I) collagen gene, the other gene coding for type I collagen. One of the binding sites present in both promoters is adjacent to the CCAAT box. We have performed a structure/function analysis of c-Krox locating the transactivation domain in the zinc finger and C-terminal domains and the dimerization domain in the C-terminal end of the protein. We also demonstrate that c-Krox is an early response gene, whose expression is detectable as early as 9.5-day postcoitum in mouse embryos. Whole-mount in situ hybridization shows that c-Krox is expressed in dermatomes, the somite derivatives that generate dermis, and section in situ hybridization shows that c-Krox and alpha1(I) collagen mRNAs colocalized in skin but not in bone during development. This result is consistent with the predominant expression of c-Krox in skin in postnatal life. Thus, our findings suggest that c-Krox is one transcription factor controlling the coordinated expression of the two type I collagen genes in skin.
Kinetic Analysis of "Living" Polymerization Processes Exhibiting Slow Equilibria. 2. Molecular Weight Distribution for Degenerative Transfer (Direct Activity Exchange between Active and "Dormant" Species) at Constant Monomer Concentration (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Analysis of "Living" Polymerization Processes Exhibiting Slow Equilibria. 2. Molecular Weight Distribution for Degenerative Transfer (Direct Activity Exchange between Active and "Dormant" Species) at Constant Monomer ConcentrationAxel H. E. Mueller, Deyue Yan, Galina Litvinenko, Rugang Zhuang, and Hai DongCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 22, 7335–7338Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (367 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Expression of β-globin by cancer cells promotes cell survival during blood-borne dissemination (2017)

Metastasis-competent circulating tumour cells (CTCs) experience oxidative stress in the bloodstream, but their survival mechanisms are not well defined. Here, comparing single-cell RNA-Seq profiles of CTCs from breast, prostate and lung cancers, we observe consistent induction of β-globin (HBB), but not its partner α-globin (HBA). The tumour-specific origin of HBB is confirmed by sequence polymorphisms within human xenograft-derived CTCs in mouse models. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured breast CTCs triggers HBB induction, mediated through the transcriptional regulator KLF4. Depletion of HBB in CTC-derived cultures has minimal effects on primary tumour growth, but it greatly increases apoptosis following ROS exposure, and dramatically reduces CTC-derived lung metastases. These effects are reversed by the anti-oxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine. Conversely, overexpression of HBB is sufficient to suppress intracellular ROS within CTCs. Altogether, these observations suggest that β-globin is selectively deregulated in cancer cells, mediating a cytoprotective effect during blood-borne metastasis.
Mechanism of Substitution Reactions in Complex Ions. I. Kinetics of the Aquation and Hydrolysis of Some C-Substituted Acetatopentamminecobalt(III) Ions (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Substitution Reactions in Complex Ions. I. Kinetics of the Aquation and Hydrolysis of Some C-Substituted Acetatopentamminecobalt(III) IonsFred Basolo, John G. Bergmann, and Ralph G. PearsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1952, 56, 1, 22–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/j150493a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (511 KB) Get e-Alerts
Particle sizing of magnetite-based magnetic fluid using atomic force microscopy: A comparative study with electron microscopy and birefringence (2000)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and static magnetic birefringence (SMB) were used to unfold the particle size polydispersity profile of a magnetite-based magnetic fluid sample. The data obtained from different techniques were curve fitted using the lognormal distribution function, from which the mean particle diameter (Dm) and the standard deviation (σ) were obtained. In comparison to the TEM data, the AFM data show a reduction of Dm (about 20%) and an increase of σ (about 15%). In contrast, close agreement between the TEM and SMB data was found.
The carboxy‐terminal segment of the human LINE‐1 ORF2 protein is involved in RNA binding (2013)

The human LINE-1/L1 ORF2 protein is a multifunctional enzyme which plays a vital role in the life cycle of the human L1 retrotransposon. The protein consists of an endonuclease domain, followed by a central reverse transcriptase domain and a carboxy-terminal C-domain with unknown function. Here, we explore the nucleic acid binding properties of the 180-amino acid carboxy-terminal segment (CTS) of the human L1 ORF2p in vitro. In a series of experiments involving gel shift assay, we demonstrate that the CTS of L1 ORF2p binds RNA in non-sequence-specific manner. Finally, we report that mutations destroying the putative Zn-knuckle structure of the protein do not significantly affect the level of RNA binding and discuss the possible functional role of the CTS in L1 retrotransposition.
Preoperative dexamethasone reduces postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting following mastectomy for breast cancer (2010)

NCT01116713.
In vitro amplification techniques for the detection of nucleic acids: new tools for the diagnostic laboratory. (1989)

The acceptance of nucleic acid probes as diagnostic tools for the clinical laboratory has been hampered by a number of factors, including laborious techniques and limited sensitivity. The focus of this review is on the recent development of amplification techniques to enhance the signal generated by nucleic acid-based detection systems. Three general areas are discussed: (1) amplification of target sequences using the polymerase chain reaction or the transcript amplification system, (2) amplification of the probe sequences using Q beta replicase, and (3) amplification of probe-generated signals with compound or "Christmas tree" probes. The hope of these new technologies is to simplify yet improve on the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based tests to enable them to attain a more prominent place in the diagnostic repertoire of the clinical laboratory.
Relationship between Sensory Evaluation and Tensipresser Analysis of Reimen (Korean Noodle). (1999)

冷麺の官能検査項目とテンシプレッサーによる分析項目との関係について調べ以下の結果を得た.(1) 冷麺の官能検査項目と分析項目との相関行列をみた結果,官能検査項目内及び分析項目内での相関はかなり高い項目があったが,官能検査項目と分析項目間ではあまり高い相関はみられなかった.(2) 官能検査項目を従属変数(y)とし分析項目を独立変数(X)とする,2次曲線の当てはめを行った結果,相関係数が大幅に向上する項目が認められた.(3) 分析項目の因子分析を行った結果,分析項目は質的因子と強度因子の2つの因子が抽出された.質的因子とは分析項目の内応力の比率(100%圧縮応力/50%圧縮応力),プライアビリティ,破断応力,圧縮応力(100%圧縮応力),破断ひずみの相関が高く,強度因子とは50%圧縮応力,麺の太さ,圧縮エネルギー,破断エネルギーの相関が高かった.(4) 抽出した因子を軸とする散布図により,試験に使用した麺の太さ,でんぷんの配合量,押し出しスクリュ回転数が識別可能であった.(5) 抽出した2つの因子と相関の高い分析項目,あるいは抽出した因子そのものを独立変数(x1,x2)とし,官能検査項目を従属変数(y)とする2次重回帰モデル式への当てはめを行った結果,単相間の場合よりも重相関係数は更に向上した.(6)2次重回帰モデル式への当てはめにより導かれた回帰式による3次元曲面を検討した結果,細麺と太麺(それぞれ1.1mmと1.5mmの穴の経を持つダイを使用して製麺)とでは質的因子と強度因子との関係に差がみられ,細麺は質的因子に最適値を持ち,硬く且つ,ほど良く弾力性のある麺が好まれるが,太麺はこれと逆に強度因子に最適値を持ち,ほど良い硬さがあり且つ,弾力性の強い麺が好まれることが明らかとなった.
Expression of the stem cell marker CD133 in recurrent glioblastoma and its value for prognosis (2010)

The authors hypothesized that, similar to the phenomenon described in glioblastoma models, neural stem/progenitor cells that are recruited by the tumor from surrounding brain may exert an antitumorigenic effect.
Bornane sultam-directed asymmetric synthesis of crystalline, enantiomerically pure syn aldols (1990)

N-acylsultams 2 furnish, via aldolization of their enolates 16 with aldehydes, diastereomerically pure, crystalline syn aldols. The absolute configuration of the product is controlled by the choice of the enolate counterion: 16, M = B → 3; 16, M = Li or Sn(IV) → 5. Hydroperoxide-assisted hydrolysis/esterification or reductive cleavage provided enantiomerically pure methoxycarbonyl aldols (12 and 13) or 1,3-diols (11) with recovery of auxiliary 1. The chiral serricornin precursor 14 was thus prepared.
IL-4 protects adult C57BL/6 mice from prolonged Cryptosporidium parvum infection: analysis of CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue during resolution of infection. (1998)

Resistance of adult C57BL/6 mice to severe Cryptosporidium parvum infection is dependent on CD4+alpha beta+ TCR lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with anti-IFN-gamma mAb extended oocyst excretion 18 days longer, and anti-IL-4 mAb extended oocyst excretion at least 11 days longer than isotype control mAb treatment. Analysis of the specific activity of anti-IFN-gamma mAb present in treated mouse sera suggested that IFN-gamma may have a limited role in the resolution phase of infection. Changes were also documented in numbers of CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and intraepithelium of adult C57BL/6 mice during resolution of C. parvum infection. Resistance to initial severe infection was associated with CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ lymphocytes, and eventual resolution of infection was associated with CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes. Analysis of cytokine expression following in vitro stimulation with C. parvum Ags during resolution of infection demonstrated consistent increases in CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes, but not CD4+alpha beta+IFN-gamma+ lymphocytes. The relevance of CD4+alpha beta+IL-4+ lymphocytes in protection against C. parvum was then evaluated in C57BL/6 IL-4 gene knockout mice (IL-4(-/-)). Adult IL-4(-/-) mice excreted oocysts in feces approximately 23 days longer than IL-4(+/+) mice. Further, anti-IFN-gamma mAb treatment increased the severity and the duration of infection in IL-4(-/-) mice compared with those in IL-4(+/+) mice. Together, the data demonstrated that IFN-gamma was important in the control of severity of infection, and either IFN-gamma or IL-4 accelerated termination of infection. However, neither IL-4 nor IFN-gamma was required for the final clearance of infection from the intestinal tract of adult mice.
E2-p7 Region of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Polyprotein: Processing and Functional Studies (2000)

The genes encoding pestivirus E2 and NS2-3 are separated by a sequence that encodes a small hydrophobic polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 6 to 7 kDa (p7). It has been shown that cleavage between E2 and p7 is incomplete, resulting in proteins E2-p7, E2, and p7. We found no precursor-product relationship between E2-p7 and E2, which indicates a stable nature of E2-p7. To study the function of the E2-p7 region of the polyprotein, mutations were introduced into an infectious cDNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). When cleavage between E2 and p7 was abolished, viral RNA replication occurred; however, no infectious virus could be recovered. A corresponding result was obtained with a construct encompassing a large in-frame deletion of p7. To prevent synthesis of E2-p7, a translational stop codon was introduced after the last codon of the E2 gene and an internal ribosome entry site element followed by a signal peptide coding sequence was inserted upstream of the p7 gene. Transfection of RNA transcribed from the bicistronic construct led to the release of infectious virus particles. Thus, synthesis of E2-p7 is not essential for the generation of infectious virions. Cell lines constitutively expressing BVDV p7 and/or E2 were generated for complementation studies. Transfection of BVDV RNAs with point mutations or a deletion in the E2-p7 region into the complementing cell lines led to the generation of infectious virions. According to our studies, p7 as well as E2 can be complemented in trans.
User Guide for Minpack-1 (1980)

MINPACK-1 is a pack of FORTRAN subprograms for the numerical solution of nonlinear equations and nonlinear least-squares problems. This report provides an overview of the algorithms and software in the package, and includes the documentation and program listings.