gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle hijacking and methods of its detection (2013)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in the process of integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the National Airspace System (NAS) through the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). A critical component of integrating UAVs into the NAS is the timely identification and mitigation of cyber attacks that could overtake control of a UAV, without the UAV operator's knowledge of a security breach. In an effort to address this risk, this paper aims to achieve two objectives: (i) identify risks of cyber attacks on a UAV and (ii) create a methodology through which UAV operators are informed of such a security breach. The results of this study are intended to support the MITRE Corporation's efforts to identify and control risks associated with UAV integration into the NAS. To achieve the first objective the Capstone team utilized established risk assessment methodologies to identify risk scenarios and filter those scenarios into a manageable list. To achieve the second objective the team developed a methodology that measures the UAV velocity through two on-board systems and any significant difference in the two measures indicates a potential security breach. The team designed and performed an experiment using car movement to simulate UAV flight and performed statistical analysis on the results of the experiment. This contributed to a framework for determining a detection threshold for an alarm system to indicate a UAV may have been hijacked. The threshold accounts for a minimum difference between the two calculations of the velocity data and the duration of time in which this difference occurs, which can be calibrated to minimize Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The recommendation to the MITRE Corporation will contribute to the ongoing efforts to securely integrate UAVs into the NAS.
Atmospheric silent discharge versus low-pressure plasma treatment of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, and polystyrene (1995)

Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, and polystyrene films have been exposed to high- and low-pressure non-equilibrium electrical air discharges. The modified surfaces have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Atmospheric silent discharge treatment causes a greater level of topographical disruption, whereas surface oxygenation is dependent on the chemical nature of the polymer substrate and its reactivity towards the electrical discharge medium. Oxygen incorporation occurs much more readily for the unsaturated polystyrene surface than for the saturated polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyisobutylene substrates.
KTiOPO 4 (KTP): A New Material for Optical Waveguide Applications (1989)

KTP is a unique nonlinear optical material that is widely used for second harmonic generation of Nd:YAG. It also has high electrooptic coefficients and low dielectric constants that together with its high optical damage thresholds and high thermal stability make KTP superior for integrated optical applications as well.
Inflammatory cells in renal pathology. (1998)

To gain better insight in the regeneration process responsible for the functional and morphological recovery after acute renal failure (ARF) is one major goal in the field of Nephrology. Results opposing endogeneously produced polypeptide growth factors to be the mediators of this process accumulate. Indeed, the early decrease of renal epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in different experimental models of ARF has been frequently shown at both the mRNA and protein level, while other growth factors could not be shown to increase. Moreover, the inaccessability of the upregulated receptors for endogeneously produced growth factors, has encouraged research to seek alternative origins for the signals inducing renal regeneration. The accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes in the renal interstitium is a striking observation in renal failure. The existence of a regenerative potential provided by the network of inflammatory mononuclear leukocytes is supported by studies on tissue repair in different fields. This review discusses the infiltrating network of mononuclear leukocytes as a major participant in the regeneration process after acute renal failure, including the approach which can be followed to investigate this hypothesis.
Current Trends in Powder Coating Technology - Research in the UK (1983)

During SARS-CoV-2 infection, an effective immune response provides the first line of defense; however, excessive inflammatory innate immunity and impaired adaptive immunity may harm tissues. Soluble immune mediators are involved in the dynamic interaction of ligands with membrane-bound receptors to maintain and restore health after pathological events. In some cases, the dysregulation of their expression can lead to disease pathology. In this literature review, we described current knowledge of the basic features of soluble immune mediators and their dysregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infections and highlighted their contribution to disease severity and mortality. Video Abstract.
Lumped element kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared astronomy (2008)

We describe a new type of FIR detector based on lumped element superconducting resonators (LEKIDs). These devices can act as distributed FIR radiation absorbers without the need for an additional coupling structure. In addition, these devices can be integrated into a compact filled array geometry with high filling factor. We describe the optimization of lumped element resonators for high coupling efficiency to incoming radiation in the wavelength region from 200μm - 450μm, measurements of electrical and optical properties of these devices and the design of a prototype array using these detectors.
Case 2-1987 (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and dysphagia.The patient was born of a second pregnancy that was complicated by vaginal bleeding in the second month. His birth weight was 3.4 kg. The child appeared healthy at birth, and his early development was normal. At two years of age his gait was noted to be ataxic, and slurred speech soon developed. An orchidopexy was performed at the age of three years. He attended school through the seventh grade, with average to good grades, but the ataxia and dysarthria worsened gradually. At the . . .
A binuclear iron peroxide complex capable of olefin epoxidation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA binuclear iron peroxide complex capable of olefin epoxidationBruce P. Murch, Fontaine C. Bradley, and Lawrence. QueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 16, 5027–5028Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00276a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00276a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views549Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of conjugated soybean oil and other natural oils and fatty acids by homogeneous transition metal catalysis (2001)

Abstract The use of as little as 0.1 mol% [RhCl(C 8 H 14 ) 2 ] 2 , 0.25 mol% PtCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , or 0.5 mol% RuHCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 , where Ph = phenyl, catalyzes the isomerization of soybean oil to conjugated soybean oil under mild reaction conditions and in high yields. No hydrogenation products are detected with any of these catalysts. Preliminary physical tests have shown that the conjugated soybean oil has exceptional drying properties and the resulting coatings exhibit good solvent resistance. The [RhCl(C 8 H 14 ) 2 ] 2 catalyst provides similarly high yields of other conjugated vegetable oils, conjugated linoleic acid, and conjugated ethyl linoleate. Other rhodium catalysts, such as RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 , have also been found to be effective for the conjugation of ethyl linoleate.
Locking key ranges with unbundled transaction services (2009)

To adapt database technology to new environments like cloud platforms or multi-core hardware, or to try anew to provide an extensible database platform, it is useful to separate transaction services from data management elements that need close physical proximity to data. With "generic" transactional services of concurrency control and recovery in a separate transactional component (TC), indexing, cache and disk management, now in a data component (DC), can be simplified and tailored more easily to the platform or to a data type extension with a special purpose index. This decomposition requires that details of the DC's management of data be hidden from the TC. Thus, locking and logging need to be "logical", which poses a number of problems. One problem is the handling of locking for ranges of keys. Locks need to be taken at the TC prior to the records and their keys being known to the TC. We describe generic two approaches for dealing with this. (1) Make a "speculative" visit" to the DC to learn key values. (2) Lock a "covering resource" first, then learn and lock key values and ultimately release the covering resource lock. The "table" is the only logical (and hence known to the TC) covering resourse in the traditional locking hierarchy, but using it limits concurrency. Concurrency is improved with the introduction of new partition resources. We show how partitions as covering resources combine high concurrency with low locking overhead. Using partitions is sufficiently effective to consider adapting it for a traditional database kernel.
Bone Ingrowth and Initial Stability of Titanium and Porous Tantalum Dental Implants (2013)

Cortical and apical implant threads, combined with the porous section, were able to stabilize the experimental implant to the same degree as the fully threaded control implant.
Introduction to diffusion tensor imaging mathematics: Part II. Anisotropy, diffusion‐weighting factors, and gradient encoding schemes (2006)

Abstract The mathematical aspects of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI, or DTI), the measurement of the diffusion tensor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are discussed in this three‐part series. In part II, different formulas for measuring diffusion anisotropy are compared in two and three dimensions. The use of magnetic field gradients to measure diffusion is explained, including calculation of the diffusion‐weighting b factor. Selection of gradient directions is discussed, with the focus on directions defined by the regular polyhedra (Platonic solids). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 28A: 123–154, 2006.
Two types of HKT transporters with different properties of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> transport in <i>Oryza sativa</i> (2001)

Summary It is thought that Na + and K + homeostasis is crucial for salt‐tolerance in plants. To better understand the Na + and K + homeostasis in important crop rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a cDNA homologous to the wheat HKT1 encoding K + ‐Na + symporter was isolated from japonica rice, cv Nipponbare (Ni‐ OsHKT1 ). We also isolated two cDNAs homologous to Ni‐ OsHKT1 from salt‐tolerant indica rice, cv Pokkali (Po‐ OsHKT1 , Po‐ OsHKT2 ). The predicted amino acid sequence of Ni‐OsHKT1 shares 100% identity with Po‐OsHKT1 and 91% identity with Po‐OsHKT2, and they are 66–67% identical to wheat HKT1. Low‐K + conditions (less than 3 m m ) induced the expression of all three OsHKT genes in roots, but mRNA accumulation was inhibited by the presence of 30 m m Na + . We further characterized the ion‐transport properties of OsHKT1 and OsHKT2 using an expression system in the heterologous cells, yeast and Xenopus oocytes. OsHKT2 was capable of completely rescuing a K + ‐uptake deficiency mutation in yeast, whereas OsHKT1 was not under K + ‐limiting conditions. When OsHKTs were expressed in Na + ‐sensitive yeast, OsHKT1 rendered the cells more Na + ‐sensitive than did OsHKT2 in high NaCl conditions. The electrophysiological experiments for OsHKT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes revealed that external Na + , but not K + , shifted the reversal potential toward depolarization. In contrast, for OsHKT2 either Na + or K + in the external solution shifted the reversal potential toward depolarization under the mixed Na + and K + containing solutions. These results suggest that two isoforms of HKT transporters, a Na + transporter (OsHKT1) and a Na + ‐ and K + ‐coupled transporter (OsHKT2), may act harmoniously in the salt tolerant indica rice.
Sequence-Specific DNA Recognition of the Escherichia coli Ada Protein Associated with the Methylation-Dependent Functional Switch for Transcriptional Regulation (1995)

The Escherichia coli Ada protein, a suicidal DNA methyltransferase, is converted into a transcriptional regulator for methylation-resistance genes by the transfer of a methyl group from a DNA methylphosphotriester to its own Cys69 residue. Here, we report the DNA recognition mode and the functional switch mechanism of the N-terminal 16 kDa fragment of the Ada protein. NMR analysis has revealed that the segment from residues 102 to 123 forms a helix-turn-helix structure. A site-directed mutagenesis study has shown that the second helix in the helix-turn-helix structure plays a crucial role in specific recognition of DNA. These results imply that the sequence-specific interaction of the Ada protein with DNA occurs through the helix-turn-helix motif. NMR experiments on the methylated protein-DNA complex showed line broadening for the amide proton signals from the helix-turn-helix motif and for the protons in the vicinity of Cys69. In the case of the nonmethylated protein-DNA complex, signal broadening was observed only for protons from the helix-turn-helix. These findings suggest that the residues in the vicinity of Cys69 come into direct contact with the cognate DNA after methylation. We propose that the direct contact of this region is a major factor for the "switch" that converts the Ada protein from a nonspecific DNA binding form to a transcription factor.
Oxidative Stress Induces ADAM9 Protein Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2006)

The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family is a group of transmembrane proteins containing cell adhesive and proteolytic functional domains. Microarray analysis detected elevated ADAM9 during the transition of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent and metastatic state. Using a prostate tissue array (N = 200), the levels of ADAM9 protein expression were also elevated in malignant as compared with benign prostate tissues. ADAM9 protein expression was found in 43% of benign glands with light staining and 87% of malignant glands with increasing intensity of staining. We found that ADAM9 mRNA and protein expressions were elevated on exposure of human prostate cancer cells to stress conditions such as cell crowding, hypoxia, and hydrogen peroxide. We uncovered an ADAM9-like protein, which is predominantly induced together with the ADAM9 protein by a brief exposure of prostate cancer cells to hydrogen peroxide. Induction of ADAM9 protein in LNCaP or C4-2 cells can be completely abrogated by the administration of an antioxidant, ebselen, or genetic transfer of a hydrogen peroxide degradative enzyme, catalase, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common mediator. The induction of ADAM9 by stress can be inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide through increased gene transcription and protein synthesis. In conclusion, intracellular ROS and/or hydrogen peroxide, generated by cell stress, regulate ADAM9 expression. ADAM9 could be responsible for supporting prostate cancer cell survival and progression. By decreasing ADAM9 expression, we observed apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer cells.
The Value of Cloud Computing (2010)

Human illness attribution has been recently recognized as an important tool to better inform food safety decisions. Analysis of outbreak data sets has been used for that purpose. This study was conducted to explore the usefulness of three comprehensive Canadian foodborne outbreak data sets covering 30 years for estimating food attribution in cases of gastrointestinal illness, providing Canadian food attribution estimates from a historical perspective. Information concerning the microbiological etiology and food vehicles recorded for each outbreak was standardized between the data sets. The agent-food vehicle combinations were described and analyzed for changes over time by using multiple correspondence analysis. Overall, 6,908 foodborne outbreaks were available for three decades (1976 through 2005), but the agent and the food vehicle were identified in only 2,107 of these outbreaks. Differences between the data sets were found in the distribution of the cause, the vehicle, and the location or size of the outbreaks. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed an association between Clostridium botulinum and wild meat and between C. botulinum and seafood. This analysis also highlighted changes in food attribution over time and generated the most up-to-date food attribution values for salmonellosis (29% of cases associated with produce, 15% with poultry, and 15% with meat other than poultry, pork, and beef), campylobacteriosis (56% of cases associated with poultry and 22% with dairy products other than fluid milk), and Escherichia coli infection (37% of cases associated with beef, 23% with cooked multi-ingredient dishes, and 11% with meat other than beef, poultry, and pork). Because of the inherent limitations of this approach, only the main findings should be considered for policy making. The use of other human illness attribution approaches may provide further clarification.
Initiation time of post-ischemic hypothermia on the therapeutic effect in cerebral ischemic injury (2009)

Post-ischemic mild brain hypothermia can decrease the accumulation of lactate and lipid peroxidation in ischemic tissue, and delay the development of brain edema following ischemic reperfusion. The best neuroprotection of mild hypothermia to attenuate ischemic injury was begun within 60 minutes.
Towards an active schema integration architecture for heterogeneous database systems (2002)

A four-layered architecture is proposed for supporting the propagation of local database semantics (e.g., integrity constraints) to the global level. This propagation enables the derivation of new constraints that could not have been recognized by any one of the local components, and offers the potential for significantly reducing query processing costs in heterogeneous database systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Which English? Whose English? An investigation of ‘non-native’ teachers' beliefs about target varieties (2010)

This study explored the beliefs of ‘non-native English speaking’ teachers about the usefulness and appropriacy of varieties such as English as an International Language (EIL) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), compared with native speaker varieties. The study therefore addresses the current theoretical debate concerning ‘appropriate’ target models of English in different contexts worldwide. Participants were asked to reflect on their experiences both as learners and as teachers of English and to consider which variety or varieties of English they had learned, and which variety, if any, they chose or were ‘told’ (by education authorities or curricula) to teach. In addition, participants were asked for their views on the attractiveness and usefulness of the different varieties, as well as their views on the nature of EIL/ELF. Finally, we asked teachers to consider which model(s) were likely to predominate in their teaching contexts in the future. Results indicated that teachers may work without any clear idea of ‘which English’ was the target. Teachers also reported a pragmatic perspective on varieties of English, with a need to believe in a ‘standard’ form of the language, even though this does not correspond to the reality of Englishes which are in use worldwide.
Microstructure and Water Adsorbability of Aircraft Combustor Soots and Kerosene Flame Soots:  Toward an Aircraft-Generated Soot Laboratory Surrogate (2003)

The morphology, microstructure, surface area, porosity, and chemical composition of soot particles emitted from a gas-turbine combustor have been studied. Combustor soot particles appear to be chemically and structurally unstable and present microporosity and a strongly disordered graphitic structure. Discrepancies between the properties of combustor-generated soots arise from their postformation conditions, quenching environments, and sampling conditions. During long accumulation time, soot collected on the combustor walls experiences graphitization and oxidation. Upon long processing by hot exhaust gases, soot particles collected far from the combustor exit exhibit significant transformations (1) from paracrystalline to nodular amorphous microstructure and (2) from spherical particles to fused agglomerates following the increase in microporosity and oxygen content. Combustor-generated soot properties are compared to those of kerosene flame soot, which is produced in the laboratory and is proposed to be a surrogate of combustor soot for atmospheric studies. It is shown that the chemical composition, porosity, and extent of graphitization of combustor-generated and kerosene flame soots influence their electrical and hygroscopic properties. The characteristics of kerosene soot appear to be close to those of combustor soot but exhibit a number of specific feature variations such as graphitized nanostructure and ultramicroporosity, which influence its water adsorbability.
Analyzing rate-constrained beamforming schemes in wireless binaural hearing aids (2009)

A binaural hearing aid set-up where the left and right ear devices are connected by a rate-constrained wireless link is considered, and the performance gain resulting from beamforming is quantified. Each device is assumed to have two or more microphones. The transmitting device sends a signal at a rate R to the receiving device where it is combined with the locally available signals to obtain a minimum mean-squared error estimate of the desired signal. Different practically realizable choices for the signal to be transmitted are considered: an estimate of the desired signal, an estimate of the interfering signal (relevant for multi-microphone interference cancellation), and the unprocessed signal. It is not obvious which scheme provides the best rate-gain trade-off. In fact, it is shown that this varies depending on the configuration of the desired and interfering sources. This paper provides a framework to quantify and thus compare the performance of the above-mentioned schemes in terms of the rate R and the resulting beamforming gain. 1.