gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal mucosal permeability in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. I. Role of antiinflammatory drugs. (1991)

Using the 51Cr-EDTA resorption test, gut permeability was measured in 129 patients with inflammatory joint diseases and in 97 control patients (42 patients with no inflammatory rheumatic disorders taking antiinflammatory medication and 55 healthy controls). Thirty-two patients (30 arthritis and 2 control patients) taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) as well as corticosteroids were excluded from statistical analysis. The intake of NSAID significantly increased gut permeability in controls but not in the arthritis groups. The same applied to corticosteroid intake. This could be due to the restricted number of arthritis patients who had never taken antiinflammatory drugs or to a disease related increased permeability. There was no statistically significant difference in altered gut permeability between patients taking NSAID and patients taking corticosteroids. Our findings suggest that drug induced alteration of gut permeability may not only be accounted for by an inhibition of mucosal cyclooxygenase activity, but that other enzymatic pathways in the arachidonic cascade might be implicated.
The effects of record head saturation on digital output (1976)

Digital recording is usually achieved by driving the record-head core material to only 30-40% of its saturation magnetization. Saturation of the core material will occur only when attempting to record on magnetic media of very high coercive force. Magnetic recording materials with coercive forces of 1100, 1800, and 3600 oersteds have been investigated for low-density digital recording on magnetic-stripe cards. Two record heads of identical construction but different core materials, mumetal and a high-saturation-magnetization iron-cobalt alloy, were used for recording 165 flux changes per cm (420 fci). The initiation of pole-tip saturation in both heads was detected by the decrease in inductance. The mumetal head was unable to fully record either the 1800 or 3600-Oe coercive-force materials because of pole-tip saturation. The high-field head recorded all materials.
Deciphering the Preference and Predicting the Viability of Circular Permutations in Proteins (2012)

Circular permutation (CP) refers to situations in which the termini of a protein are relocated to other positions in the structure. CP occurs naturally and has been artificially created to study protein function, stability and folding. Recently CP is increasingly applied to engineer enzyme structure and function, and to create bifunctional fusion proteins unachievable by tandem fusion. CP is a complicated and expensive technique. An intrinsic difficulty in its application lies in the fact that not every position in a protein is amenable for creating a viable permutant. To examine the preferences of CP and develop CP viability prediction methods, we carried out comprehensive analyses of the sequence, structural, and dynamical properties of known CP sites using a variety of statistics and simulation methods, such as the bootstrap aggregating, permutation test and molecular dynamics simulations. CP particularly favors Gly, Pro, Asp and Asn. Positions preferred by CP lie within coils, loops, turns, and at residues that are exposed to solvent, weakly hydrogen-bonded, environmentally unpacked, or flexible. Disfavored positions include Cys, bulky hydrophobic residues, and residues located within helices or near the protein's core. These results fostered the development of an effective viable CP site prediction system, which combined four machine learning methods, e.g., artificial neural networks, the support vector machine, a random forest, and a hierarchical feature integration procedure developed in this work. As assessed by using the hydrofolate reductase dataset as the independent evaluation dataset, this prediction system achieved an AUC of 0.9. Large-scale predictions have been performed for nine thousand representative protein structures; several new potential applications of CP were thus identified. Many unreported preferences of CP are revealed in this study. The developed system is the best CP viability prediction method currently available. This work will facilitate the application of CP in research and biotechnology.
First calibration and visible wavelength observations of Khayyam, a tunable spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) (2014)

We describe results from a new instrument-telescope configuration that combines all of the capabilities necessary to obtain high resolving power visible band spectra of diffuse targets from small aperture on-axis telescopes where significant observing time can be obtained. This instrument, Khayyam, is a tunable all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer (TSHS) that is mounted to a fixed focal plane shared by the 0.6m Coude auxiliary telescope on Mt. Hamilton, CA. Khayyam has up to 55 arcsec input field of view, resolving power up to 176000, and a tunable bandpass covering (triangle)λ<sub>B</sub> < 100nm. Khayyam is being field tested to study spatially extended astronomical targets where high resolving power is necessary to separate multimodal signals, crowded molecular bands, and to sample low (<10 km/s) velocities at rapid temporal cadence. Here we will discuss the design considerations going into this new system, its installation, testing of the interferometer-telescope combination, the first science target observations and future plans.
Features of a Flask and Method for Measuring the Persistence and Biological Effects of Pesticides in Soil (1965)

Features of a Flask and Method for Measuring the Persistence and Biological Effects of Pesticides in Soil RICHARD BARTHA;DAVID PRAMER; Soil Science
Designed catalyst for enantioselective Diels-Alder addition from a C2-symmetric chiral bis(oxazoline)-iron(III) complex (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesigned catalyst for enantioselective Diels-Alder addition from a C2-symmetric chiral bis(oxazoline)-iron(III) complexE. J. Corey, Nobuyuki Imai, and Hong Yue ZhangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 728–729Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4006Altmetric-Citations415LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Co-channel Interference for Terrestrial and HAPS Systems in a Cellular Structure (2009)

In this paper, the effects of co-channel interference in a HAPS-based cellular system are analysed, comparing such effects in two frequency reuse scenarios with terrestrial systems. The CIR is evaluated for both schemes, and the HAPS-based cellular system shows significant improvements in the reduction of co-channel interference over terrestrial systems, even when compared to sectorised configurations.
Fatty Acid Supplied as Triglyceride Regulates SRE‐Mediated Gene Expression as Efficiently as Free Fatty Acids (2007)

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are key transcription proteins that bind to sterol regulatory elements (SRE) of genes essential for cellular cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) strongly inhibit SREBP processing at post-transcriptional levels. We questioned if delivering PUFA as part of a triglyceride (TG) molecule would have similar effects and efficiency as free non-esterified PUFA. CHO cells stably transfected with an SRE-promoter linked to the luciferase reporter gene were incubated for 8-24 h with linoleic acid (LA) complexed to BSA (molar ratios 0.5-4:1), VLDL-sized trilinolein emulsions (TL, 25-200 microg/ml), and chylomicron-sized soy oil emulsions in the presence and absence of apoE. Effects of LA and TL on decreasing SRE-luciferase activity were similar and dose and time dependent. Both TL and LA significantly and rapidly (<or=2-12 h) reduced SRE-mediated gene expression by up to 75%. At equal fatty acid concentrations, SRE inhibition by TL was as effective as LA. ApoE addition increased inhibition by TL. Inhibition of gene expression was highly correlated to cell TG accumulation. We conclude that TG like fatty acids are rapid and efficient modulators of SRE-mediated gene expression.
Oven-dried table olives: textural properties as related to pectic composition (2000)

The effects of processing treatments on the microscopic structure, pectic fractions and firmness of ripe olives (Olea europaea L Cassanese variety), processed by the ‘Ferrandina’ method for oven-dried table olive production, were studied. The process included a first heating step, a salting step and a final oven-drying process. Scanning electron microscopic observations of olive tissue structure revealed that heat treatment was highly damaging, affecting the intercellular pectic substances and producing cell separation. Epicuticular waxes were barely affected and limited the shrivelling of the fruit during the oven dehydration process. The pectin content was higher in the oven-dried olives than in the fresh samples. The sodium hydroxide-soluble fraction was the main pectin fraction in the olive tissues. Its content decreased markedly after the heating step, while it increased after the oven dehydration step. The softening of the olive tissues increased after heat treatment, and a correlation was found between protopectin content and firmness. In oven-dried olives a firming of the olive tissues was observed due to the de-esterification of pectin and to its decreased solubility resulting from an increase in cell wall calcium bridging. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
RLC interconnect delay estimation via moments of amplitude and phase response (1999)

A new category of moments-Amplitude and Phase moments (AP moments) are introduced for RLC interconnect delay estimation. We show that there are tight relationships between AP moments, circuit moments and central moments. The first order AP moment represents the Elmore delay while the higher order AP moments can be used to represent the error between the Elmore delay and the exact 50% delay from the view of gain and phase-shift variation. With the help of the physical meaning revealed by the AP moments, a closed-form 50% delay model-AP delay model is proposed for RLC interconnect delay estimation in terms of the first four AP moments. We also propose a new two-pole model (AP two-pole model) by matching the first two phase moments of the transfer function. The AP two-pole model can be used for more generally timing parameters estimation. The input signal's impact on delay estimation can be incorporated into these two delay models by simply combining the input signal's AP moments with the transfer function's AP moments. In our experiments these two models show significant accuracy improvement over the Elmore delay model.
Activity and Selectivity of Palladium Catalysts during the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Phenol. Influence of Temperature and Pressure (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivity and Selectivity of Palladium Catalysts during the Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Phenol. Influence of Temperature and PressureJ. R. Gonzalez-Velasco, M. P. Gonzalez-Marcos, S. Arnaiz, J. I. Gutierrez-Ortiz, and M. A. Gutierrez-OrtizCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 4, 1031–1036Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00043a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stimulation of Osteoblastic Cell Differentiation by Notch (2002)

Abstract Notch is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in the determination of cellular differentiation pathways. Although its importance in the development of mesenchymal tissues has been suggested, its role in skeletal tissues has not been well investigated. Northern blot experiments showed the expression of Notch1 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells at early differentiation stages. When a Notch1 cytoplasmic domain (Notch-IC [NIC]) delivered by an adenovirus vector was expressed in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, a significant increase in calcified nodule formation was observed in long-term cultures. Activation of endogenous Notch in MC3T3-E1 by coculturing them with Delta-like-1 (Dll1)-expressing myeloma cells also resulted in a stimulation of calcified nodule formation. Not only affecting nodule formation, Notch activation also had effects on osteoblastic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells. Osteoblastic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was significantly stimulated, whereas adipogenic differentiation was suppressed strongly, resulting in a dominant differentiation of osteoblastic cells. NIC expression in primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) also induced both spontaneous and stimulated osteoblastic cell differentiation. These observations suggest that osteoblastic cell differentiation is regulated positively by Notch and that Notch could be a unique and interesting target molecule for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Training Decision Trees for Optimal Decision-Making (2020)

Many analytics problems in Operations Research and the Management Sciences can be framed as decision-making problems containing uncertain input parameters to be estimated from data. For example, inventory optimization problems often require forecasts of future demand, and product recommendation systems (e.g., movies, sporting goods) depend on models for predicting customer responses to the feasible recommendations. Therefore, a question central to many analytics problems is how to optimally build models from data which estimate the uncertain inputs for the decision problems of interest. We argue that most common approaches for this task either (a) focus on the wrong objectives in training the models for the decision problem, or (b) focus on the right objectives but only study how to do so with prohibitively simple machine learning models (e.g. linear and logistic regression). In this work, we study how to train decision tree models for predicting uncertain parameters for analytical decision-making problems. Unlike other machine learning models such as linear and logistic regression, decision trees are both nonparameteric and interpretable, allowing them the capability of modeling highly complex relationships between data and predictions while also being easily visualized and interpreted. We propose tractable algorithms for decision tree training in the context of three problem domains relevant to Operations Research. First, we study how to train decision trees for delivering real-time personalized recommendations of products in settings where little prior data is available for training purposes. This problem is known in the literature as the contextual bandit problem and requires careful navigation of the so-called "exploration-exploitation trade-off" in utilizing the decision tree models. Second, we propose a new framework which we call Market Segmentation Trees (MSTs) for training decision tree models for the purposes of market segmentation and personalization. We explore several applications of MSTs relevant to personalized advertising, including recommending hotels to Expedia users as a function of their search queries and segmenting ad auctions according to the distribution of bids that they receive. Finally, we propose a general framework for training decision tree models for uncertain optimization problems which we call "SPO Trees" (SPOTs). In contrast to the typical objective of maximizing predictive accuracy, the SPOT framework trains decision trees to maximize the quality of the solutions found in the uncertain optimization problem, therefore yielding better decisions in several analytics problems of interest.
Diagnosis of rinderpest virus and peste des petits ruminants virus (2006)

Publisher Summary For generations rinderpest was diagnosed purely by observation of clinical signs. This chapter provides an overview of the current diagnostic methods used to detect and differentiate between rinderpest and PPR infections in ruminant species. Both antibody and antigen detection methods are described, the former used extensively for evaluating the success of vaccination campaigns and serosurveillance, and the latter for the detection of virus in clinical samples. The polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing allows a rapid diagnostic result, which can identify the lineage of the virus concerned and give a clear picture of the epidemiological situation. One of the earliest diagnostic techniques for the detection of rinderpest virus antigens was the agar gel immunodiffusion test. The technique was greatly improved when high titre hyperimmune rabbit serum was introduced. This was produced using a protocol, which did not induce antibodies to cellular proteins thus reducing non-specific reactions. The advent of monoclonal antibodies made possible accurate differential diagnosis of many virus diseases. Monoclonal antibody profiling can be used to differentiate between RPV and PPRV, however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology offered the opportunity to develop simple, rapid, and highly specific diagnostic assays to identify RPV and PPRV. These tests are carried out in 96-well plates and are suitable for large-scale sample analyses.
Wnt-regulated temporal control of BMP exposure directs the choice between neural plate border and epidermal fate (2008)

The non-neural ectoderm is divided into neural plate border and epidermal cells. At early blastula stages, Wnt and BMP signals interact to induce epidermal fate, but when and how cells initially acquire neural plate border fate remains poorly defined. We now provide evidence in chick that the specification of neural plate border cells is initiated at the late blastula stage and requires both Wnt and BMP signals. Our results indicate, however, that at this stage BMP signals can induce neural plate border cells only when Wnt activity is blocked, and that the two signals in combination generate epidermal cells. We also provide evidence that Wnt signals do not play an instructive role in the generation of neural plate border cells, but promote their generation by inducing BMP gene expression, which avoids early simultaneous exposure to the two signals and generates neural plate border instead of epidermal cells. Thus, specification of neural plate border cells is mediated by a novel Wnt-regulated BMP-mediated temporal patterning mechanism.
Conductivity and thermoelectric properties of nanostructure tin oxide thin films (2013)

Tin oxide thin films doped with iron or copper were deposited on glass and porous alumina substrates, using the co-deposition dip coating sol–gel technique. Alumina substrate was prepared by the anodizing technique. Samples were sintered for 2 h at temperature 600 °C. The XRD spectrum of deposited samples shows a polycrystalline structure with a clear characteristic peak of SnO2 cassiterite phase. From (I–V) characteristics measured at different temperatures for samples prepared on glass substrates, the density of states at the Fermi level was calculated. Thermoelectric effect was measured with a change of temperature for prepared samples under low pressure 1 mbar. Seebeck coefficient, the carrier concentration, the charge carrier mobility and the figure merit were determined for prepared samples under low pressure 1 mbar. Seebeck coefficient was improved when films were deposited on porous Alumina substrates.
Delay independent initialization of sequential circuits (2002)

We show that a given initialization sequence for a synchronous sequential circuit is not guaranteed to work correctly when arbitrary path delays are present in the circuit. In this paper, we present a novel robust-initialization procedure for sequential circuits. This procedure guarantees the correct initialization of state elements of a sequential circuit regardless of delays in the circuit. Every pattern of the normal initialization sequence is repeatedly clocked in flip-flops, so that excessive delays on combinational paths feeding flip-flops do not prevent the proper initialization. This method guarantees the correct initialization of pipeline circuits. For a general sequential circuit which may have feedbacks, we give a simulation procedure to determine the initial state of the circuit that is guaranteed to be correct for arbitrarily large but bounded delays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Observations on Abnormal Iodine Values, with special reference to the Sterols and Resins (1921)

the number of iodine atoms absorbed per molecule of substances.
Thermodynamic Effects on Organismal Performance: Is Hotter Better? (2009)

Despite decades of research on the evolution of thermal physiology, at least one fundamental issue remains unresolved: whether the maximal performance of a genotype depends on its optimal temperature. One school argues that warm-adapted genotypes will outperform cold-adapted genotypes because high temperatures inevitably accelerate chemical reactions. Yet another school holds that biochemical adaptation can compensate for thermodynamic effects on performance. Here, we briefly discuss this theoretical debate and then summarize empirical studies that address whether hotter is better. In general, comparative and experimental studies support the view that hotter is better. Furthermore, recent modeling has shown that thermodynamic constraints impose unique selective pressures on thermal sensitivity. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic effect on maximal performance varies greatly among traits and taxa, suggesting the need to develop a more sophisticated view of thermodynamic constraints.