gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of climatic and other environmental changes on food production and population health in the coming decades (2001)

World population will reach an estimated nine billion by 2050. Given this factor and continued economic development in today's low-income countries, the total global demand for food will increase approximately threefold over the coming half-century. Meanwhile, against this background, newly-occurring global environmental changes such as climate change are anticipated to affect food production. Other incipient large-scale environmental changes likely to affect food production include stratospheric O3 depletion, the accelerating loss of biodiversity (with knock-on effects on crop and livestock pest species) and the perturbation of several of the great elemental cycles of N and S. The ways in which these various environmental influences affect the production of food (crops and livestock on land, and wild and cultivated fisheries) are complex and interactive. Uncertainties therefore persist about how global climate change is likely to affect world and regional food production. On balance, recent modelling-based estimates indicate that, in the medium to longer term, if not over the next several decades, climate change is likely to affect crop yields adversely, especially in food-insecure regions. The prospect of increased climatic variability further increases the risks to future food production. Given these possible though uncertain adverse impacts of climatic and other environmental changes on world food production, there is a need to apply the Precautionary Principle. There are finite, and increasingly evident, limits to agro-ecosystems and to wild fisheries. Our capacity to maintain food supplies for an increasingly large and increasingly expectant world population will depend on maximising the efficiency and sustainability of production methods, incorporating socially-beneficial genetic biotechnologies, and taking pre-emptive action to minimise detrimental ecologically-damaging global environmental changes.
Development of INS-Aided GPS Tracking Loop and Flight Test Evaluation (2011)

AbstractRobust tracking of a GNSS signal in a harsh environment such as a severe ionospheric scintillation is a challenge for the civil aviation. The use of an inertial sensor would improve the tracking performance since the Doppler frequency caused by aircraft dynamics could be compensated by the inertial measurements. In order to evaluate such an aiding, an INS aided GPS tracking loop is developed by using a software receiver, and a preliminary flight test is conducted. A navigation grade INS tightly-coupled with GPS as well as a low-cost MEMS INS loosely-coupled with GPS are installed to provide aiding information. In addition, two GPS front end units with different clock (TCXO and OCXO) are installed to collect digitized IF data. Off-line analyses during aircraft take-off show that the noise band width in tracking loop can be reduced to three hertz by the aiding. Also, the Doppler aiding by a low-cost MEMS INS shows a similar performance with the aiding by a navigation grade INS.KeywordsDoppler aidingGPS/INStracking loopsoftware receiver
Kinetics of phosphate absorption by mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Scots pine seedlings (2000)

Kinetics of net phosphate (P i ) uptake was measured on intact ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings using a semihydroponic cultivation method. The depletion of P i in a nutrient solution was assessed over a 160–0.2 μ M P i gradient. Growth of the pine seedlings was P limited and measurements were performed 7 and 9 weeks after inoculation. Three ectomycorrhizal fungi were studied: Paxillus involutus , Suillus bovinus and Thelephora terrestris . P i uptake was extremely fast in plants colonised by P. involutus . The P i concentration dropped below 0.2 μ M within 4–5 h. In plants colonised with S. bovinus this occurred in 5–6 h and in plants associated with T. terrestris 8 h were needed to run through the whole concentration range. Non‐mycorrhizal plants of similar size and nutrient status decreased P i to a concentration between 1 and 2 μ M in 18 h. Data were curve fitted to a two‐phase Michaelis‐Menten equation. The apparent kinetic constants, K m and V max , for the high affinity P i uptake system of the pine roots could be estimated accurately. V max of this system was up to 7 times higher in pines associated with P. involutus than in non‐mycorrhizal seedlings. The intact extraradical mycelium greatly increased the absorption surface area of the roots (V max ). Non‐mycorrhizal plants had a K m between 7.8 and 16.4 μ M P i . Plants mycorrhizal with P. involutus had K m values between 2.4 and 7.2, plants colonised with S. bovinus had a K m between 5.1 and 12.3, and seedlings associated with T. terrestris had a K m from 4.6 to 10.1 μ M P i . All 3 ectomycorrhizal fungi had a strong impact on the P i absorption capacity of the pine seedlings. The results also demonstrated that there is substantial heterogeneity in kinetic parameters among the different mycorrhizal root systems.
The location-based paradigm for replication: Achieving efficiency and availability in distributed systems (1995)

Replication techniques for transaction-based distributed systems generally achieve increased availability but with a significant performance penalty. We present a new replication paradigm, the location-based paradigm, which addresses availability and other performance issues. It provides availability similar to quorum-based replication protocols but with transaction-execution delays similar to one-copy systems. The paradigm further exploits replication to improve performance in two instances. First, it takes advantage of local or nearby replicas to further improve the response time of transactions, achieving smaller execution delays than one-copy systems. Second, it takes advantage of replication to facilitate the independent crash recovery of replica sites-a goal which is unattainable in one-copy systems. In addition to the above the location-based paradigm avoids bottlenecks, facilitates load balancing, and minimizes the disruption of service when failures and recoveries occur. In this paper we present the paradigm, a formal proof of correctness, and a detailed simulation study comparing our paradigm to one-copy systems and to other approaches to replication control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereospecificity of the Oxidation of Ethanol by Catalase (1974)

R)-[l-3Hl]ethanol and (S)-[l-3Hl]ethanol were oxidized to acetaldehyde using bovine hepatic catalase.The acetaldehyde formed from the S but not the (R)-[l-3Hl]ethanol contained tritium.Thus the stereospecificity of catalase for alcohol is the same as that of alcohol dehydrogenase.
Prekallikrein-Kallikrein conversion rate as a predictor of contrast material catastrophies. (1981)

An in vitro is described that attempts to detect patients with a potential for adverse systemic reactions to contrast material. This test involves measuring the rate of conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein under certain standard conditions. In a preliminary retrospective study, the test could be used to identify such patients with a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 82%, and a predictive value of 79%.
Deliberation scheduling strategies for adaptive mission planning in real-time environments. (2005)

We are developing the Multi-Agent Self-Adaptive Cooperative Intelligent Real-Time Control Architecture (MASA-CIRCA) to address high-stakes, mission-critical, hazardous domains. [5, 6]. MASA-CIRCA is a domain-independent architecture for intelligent, self-adaptive autonomous con-trol systems that can be applied to hard real-time, mission-critical applications. MASA-CIRCA
Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing (2009)

Journal Article Energy-Efficient Cloud Computing Get access Andreas Berl, Andreas Berl * 1Fakultät für Informatik und Mathematik, University of Passau, Innstr. 43, 94032 Passau, Germany *Corresponding author: berl@uni-passau.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erol Gelenbe, Erol Gelenbe 2Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marco Di Girolamo, Marco Di Girolamo 3HP-European Innovation Centre, HP IIC (Italy Innovation Centre), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Giovanni Giuliani, Giovanni Giuliani 3HP-European Innovation Centre, HP IIC (Italy Innovation Centre), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hermann De Meer, Hermann De Meer 1Fakultät für Informatik und Mathematik, University of Passau, Innstr. 43, 94032 Passau, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Minh Quan Dang, Minh Quan Dang 4School of Information Technology, International University in Germany, Bruchsal, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kostas Pentikousis Kostas Pentikousis 5VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kaitoväylä 1, FI-90571 Oulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 53, Issue 7, September 2010, Pages 1045–1051, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxp080 Published: 19 August 2009 Article history Received: 28 July 2009 Revision received: 28 July 2009 Published: 19 August 2009
Coumarin‐Fluorescein – Based FRET Probe for Real Time Quantitation of Thiols Redox State (2008)

The total concentration of cellular thiols is about 30 mM, and use of current fluorescent chemical probes to quantitate these thiols inside cells is impractical. We recently reported fluorescent dithio probes (donor‐S‐S‐acceptor, DSSA) with unusually low reduction potential (− 0.6 V) that can detect changes in intracellular thiols and cross membranes of bacterial and mammalian cells, but they could not quantify thiol redox state. Here we report a new variant of the DSSA series, which has hydroxy coumarin (Ex: 320 nm, Em: 460 nm) as donor and fluorescein (Ex: 485 nm, Em: 520 nm) as acceptor. The probe was characterized in vitro by titration with glutathione in a physiologically relevant range and monitoring changes in fluorescence emission from both Coumarin and Fluorescein, upon reduction of the disulfide bond that joins this donor‐acceptor FRET pair. The ratio of fluorescence emission band intensity, changes upon reduction with glutathione, and because of the probe's low reduction potential, permits quantitative measurement of glutathione levels in the 1 – 10 mM range. This is the first demonstration of ratiometric (FRET‐based) thiol level measurement and will be enabling for quantitative assessment of thiol redox state (GSG/GSSG) inside cells. Preliminary studies in E. Coli are also presented. This research was supported by a Biomedical Technology Alliance grant (01‐KMS LEG FY06‐12368) to D.S.S
Three-dimensional capacitance computations for VLSI/ULSI interconnections (1989)

Three-dimensional simulations of metallization wires of VLSI/ULSI interconnections that are plagued with unreasonably large memory requirements and execution times are discussed. A strategy is presented for overcoming these problems. A principal feature is the use of a domain contraction technique, which accounts for the fringing electric field throughout the infinite domain above and below the levels where the wires appear and provides a major reduction in the number of nodal points for a finite-difference computation. Moreover, an iterative method (successive over-relaxation) is used to alleviate memory requirements, a nonuniformly distributed nodal array is used to reduce the number of nodal points still further, and parallel processing is used to reduce execution time. It is argued that rounded edges and corners for the simulation of the wires are the only appropriate configurations at current levels of miniaturization. This avoids the problem of electric-field singularities at sharp edges and corners and results in significantly reduced capacitance coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased Expression of the Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1 Gene in Insulin Receptor Substrate-2−/−Mouse Liver (2001)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2(-/-) mice develop diabetes because of insulin resistance in the liver and failure to undergo beta-cell hyperplasia. Here we show by DNA chip microarray analysis that expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 gene, a downstream target of insulin, was paradoxically increased in 16-week-old IRS-2(-/-) mouse liver, where insulin-mediated intracellular signaling events were substantially attenuated. The expression of SREBP-1 downstream genes, such as the spot 14, ATP citrate-lyase, and fatty acid synthase genes, was also increased. Increased liver triglyceride content in IRS-2(-/-) mice assures the physiological importance of SREBP-1 gene induction. IRS-2(-/-) mice showed leptin resistance; low dose leptin administration, enough to reduce food intake and body weight in wild-type mice, failed to do so in IRS-2(-/-) mice. Interestingly, high dose leptin administration reduced SREBP-1 expression in IRS-2(-/-) mouse liver. Thus, IRS-2 gene disruption results in leptin resistance, causing an SREBP-1 gene induction, obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes.
Effects of crystallite size and support on the carbon monoxide hydrogenation activity/selectivity properties of iron/carbon (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of crystallite size and support on the carbon monoxide hydrogenation activity/selectivity properties of iron/carbonValiant K. Jones, Loren R. Neubauer, and Calvin H. BartholomewCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 20, 4832–4839Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100411a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100411a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Scaling issues in lateral power MOSFETs (2002)

The interconnect limitations and scaling issues for large area lateral multi-cell power MOS transistors as they approach the ULSI realm are investigated. The increased importance of scaling the metal pitch and the number of layers for different MOS technologies is discussed. Furthermore, the voltage drop and current distribution along metal runners for different examples of layout options are examined in order to gain insight into scaling and layout considerations. It is shown that the temperature behaviour of devices with different metal lengths can be used to extract the contribution of the metal interconnects from measured data.
Carbamylated Hemoglobin as a Therapeutic Marker in Hemodialysis (2002)

Carbamylation requires isocyanic acid derived from urea. Carbamylation of hemoglobin (Hb) produces carbamylated Hb (carbHb), which could serve as a marker of posttranslational protein modification possibly associated with such uremic complications as atherosclerosis. Since relative carbHb levels are determined by mean urea concentration and duration of exposure, they could be used to assess the adequacy of a patient's hemodialysis (HD) regimen. We therefore determined the relationship between carbHb and urea kinetics in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing maintenance HD. In pre-HD determinations as well as in nondialyzed subjects including healthy subjects and CRF patients without dialysis, carbHb correlated well with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations, especially with BUN averaged for the preceding 1-3 months. In HD patients, carbHb correlated significantly with urea kinetics (time-averaged concentration of urea, or TAC(urea), K(t)/V and urea reduction rate). The estimated mean urea concentration in HD patients calculated from the relationship between carbHb and averaged BUN over 3 months in the nondialyzed groups was lower than TAC(urea), suggesting that TAC(urea) may be an overestimate. Pre-HD BUN is not a good nutritional index since detrimental decreases in urea elimination from the body can elevate pre-HD BUN independently of nutrition. We therefore devised a new nutritional index, BUN/carbHb, which correlated significantly with serum albumin as well as the normalized protein catabolic rate. These results demonstrate that carbHb accurately reflects uremic control and the BUN/carbHb ratio could serve as an index of nutritional state in HD patients.
Quench Probe and Quench Factor Analysis of Aluminum Alloys in Distilled Water (2002)

A 6061 aluminum probe was quenched with the CHTE probe-quenching system in distilled water while varying bath temperature and the level of agitation. Time vs. temperature data was collected during the quench by use of an ungrounded K-type thermocouple embedded inside the probe. Cooling rates and heat transfer coefficients, h, were calculated and Quench Factor Analysis (QFA) was also performed to quantitatively classify the quench severity. The data showed an increase in both maximum cooling rate and heat transfer coefficient and a decrease in the Quench Factor, Q, as bath temperature decreased and agitation level increased. Maximum heat transfer coefficient values ranged from 1000 W/m2K to 3900 W/m2K while maximum cooling rates of 50¡ÃƒÂ£C/s to 190¡ÃƒÂ£C/s were achieved. In addition, it was found that at higher levels of agitation, there was also an increase in the variation (i.e. standard deviation) of the cooling rate and therefore h and Q.
Binding of Serum Albumin on Tumor Cells and Characterization of the Albumin Binding Protein (1994)

The binding of bovine (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to the surface of human and mouse tumor cells in vitro was examined by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against these albumins. Both isologous and heterologous types of albumin bound firmly on several lines of human and mouse tumor cells. The cell-bound albumin was removable by protease (actinase) treatment or by culture in albumin-free medium for more than 2 days, but not by simple washing. The amount of albumin capable of binding to the tumor cell surface differed among the 9 tumor cell lines tested. As determined with radioiodinated BSA, about 2.6 x 10(6) BSA molecules/cell could bind to MDA-MB-453 human mammary cancer cells, which exhibit high binding capacity as to BSA. A unique peptide having a molecular weight of 18 kDa was detected on gel electrophoresis in extracts of tumor cells or normal aortic endothelial cells which had been treated with radioiodinated, photocross-linker-labeled BSA or HSA, followed by UV-irradiation. This peptide was also immuno-precipitated with an anti-BSA or anti-HSA monoclonal antibody. With both methods, the yield of the peptide was decreased by previous addition of an excess amount of unlabeled BSA or HSA. These findings indicated that the 18-kDa peptide expressed on both normal aortic endothelial cells and tumor cells is a principal serum albumin-binding protein, and that this protein binds both BSA and HSA.
RenderMap: Exploiting the Link Between Perception and Rendering for Dense Mapping (2017)

We introduce an approach for the real-time (2Hz) creation of a dense map and alignment of a moving robotic agent within that map by rendering using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This is done by recasting the scan alignment part of the dense mapping process as a rendering task. Alignment errors are computed from rendering the scene, comparing with range data from the sensors, and minimized by an optimizer. The proposed approach takes advantage of the advances in rendering techniques for computer graphics and GPU hardware to accelerate the algorithm. Moreover, it allows one to exploit information not used in classic dense mapping algorithms such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) by rendering interfaces between the free space, occupied space and the unknown. The proposed approach leverages directly the rendering capabilities of the GPU, in contrast to other GPU-based approaches that deploy the GPU as a general purpose parallel computation platform. We argue that the proposed concept is a general consequence of treating perception problems as inverse problems of rendering. Many perception problems can be recast into a form where much of the computation is replaced by render operations. This is not only efficient since rendering is fast, but also simpler to implement and will naturally benefit from future advancements in GPU speed and rendering techniques. Furthermore, this general concept can go beyond addressing perception problems and can be used for other problem domains such as path planning.
MOD approach for the growth of epitaxial CeO<sub>2</sub>buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni–W substrates for YBCO coated conductors (2003)

We have grown epitaxial CeO2 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni–W substrates for YBCO coated conductors using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. Precursor solution of 0.25 M concentration was spin coated on short samples of Ni–3 at%W (Ni–W) substrates and heat-treated at 1100 °C in a gas mixture of Ar–4%H2 for 15 min. Detailed x-ray studies indicate that CeO2 films have good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full-width-half-maximum values of 5.8° and 7.5°, respectively. High temperature in situ XRD studies show that the nucleation of CeO2 films starts at 600 °C and the growth completes within 5 min when heated at 1100 °C. SEM and AFM investigations of CeO2 films reveal a fairly dense microstructure without cracks and porosity. Highly textured YSZ barrier layers and CeO2 cap layers were deposited on MOD CeO2-buffered Ni–W substrates using rf-magnetron sputtering. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to grow YBCO films on these substrates. A critical current, Jc, of about 1.5 MA cm−2 at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO (PLD)/CeO2 (sputtered)/YSZ (sputtered)/CeO2 (spin-coated)/Ni–W.
Qualitative Methods in Rehabilitation Research and their Relevance to Rehabilitation Counselling Practice (2000)

This paper discusses the potential limitations, and barriers to acceptance, of qualitative research methodologies. Qualitative research has been dismissed for consisting of small unrepresentative samples that limit the generalisability of findings, for lacking reliability and validity, for providing analyses that mask the individual differences that it purports to highlight, and for being too subjective. It was argued that these criticisms have to be considered against a different set of criteria to those applied to quantitative research. Moreover, the rationale behind qualitative research can provide rehabilitation counsellors with a better understanding of living with disability. This paper seeks to encourage rehabilitation counsellors to (a) gain insight into the different perspectives of persons with disabilities; (b) develop their clinical or knowledge base; and (c) be self-reflexive and critically self-examine their interaction with clients.