gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and Transparent Memory Sharing for Accelerating Big Data Analytics Workloads in Virtualized Cloud (2018)

Many big data applications are memory-intensive workloads and perform iterative analytics algorithms. When the dataset used in each iteration of the analytic job exceeds the physical memory of their allocation, this type of workloads suffers from serious performance degradation or experience out of memory error. Existing proposals focus on estimating working set size for accurate resource allocation of executors, but lack of desired efficiency and transparency. This paper presents an efficient shared-memory based memory paging service, called FastSwap. The design of FastSwap makes a number of original contributions. First, FastSwap improves VM memory swapping performance by leveraging idle host memory and redirecting the VM swapping traffic to the host-guest compressed shared memory swap area. Second, FastSwap develops a compressed swap page table as an efficient index structure to provide high utilization of shared memory swap area through supporting multi-granularity of compression factors. Third, FastSwap provides hybrid swap-out and proactive swap-in to further improve the performance of shared memory swapping. Finally, FastSwap is by design light-weighted and non-intrusive. We evaluate FastSwap using a set of well-known big data analytics workloads and benchmarks, such as Spark, Redis, HiBench, SparkBench and YCSB. The results show that FastSwap offers up to two orders of magnitude performance improvements over existing memory swapping methods and more than four orders of magnitude faster than conventional disk based VM swapping facility.
Clonal characterization of the human IgG antibody repertoire to <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b polysaccharide. III. A single VKII gene and one of several JK genes are joined by an invariant arginine to form the most common L chain V region. (1989)

To characterize the L chain V region repertoire of IgG anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib-PS) antibodies, clonal antibodies were purified from immune serum and internal amino acid sequences of VKII anti-Hib-PS L chains obtained. We examined VKII L chains because it is the most common VL family expressed in the anti-Hib-PS response. Comparison of VKII amino acid sequences, including the entire CDR2 and CDR3 regions, of five anti-Hib-PS clonal antibodies from four unrelated individuals revealed complete identity with the exception of a single CDR3 residue from one antibody. When the sequence of these antibodies was compared with known VKII genes and myeloma proteins, it was found to be identical to the human VKII gene, A2, whose genomic sequence is presented here. In addition, all five of the VKII anti-Hib-PS antibodies examined contain an arginine inserted at the V-J junction. Finally, in contrast to the extraordinary homology of the VKII-encoded residues, there is variability in the JK gene utilization by these antibodies. These results demonstrate that the most common L chain V region in IgG anti-Hib-PS antibodies is the product of a single germ-line gene. The invariant arginine insertion suggests that this residue has an important role in Ag binding.
Correlation between X‐ray diffraction measurements of cellulose crystalline structure and the susceptibility to microbial cellulase (1979)

Abstract Chemical and physical treatments of cotton cellulose have been studied in order to elucidate the relationship between the degree of crystallinity of cellulose and the susceptibility of cellulose to cellulase. Cotton cellulose powder was treated with the following solvents: 60% H 2 SO 4 , Cadoxen, and DMSO‐ p ‐formaldehyde. The dissolved celluloses were recovered at high yield of over 97% by addition of nine volumes of cold acetone. X‐ray diffraction for measurements of relative crystallinity showed that the crystalline structure of cellulose declined in quantity and perfection by the dissolving treatment and changed to an amorphous form that is highly susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. These reprecipitated celluloses were hydrolyzed almost completely within 48 hr by Aspergillus niger cellulase containing mainly 1,4‐β‐glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4), without action of 1,4‐β‐glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1. 91). On the other hand, cryo‐milled cellulose (below 250 mesh) still had a crystalline structure, was resistant to cellulase, and gave a low percentage of saccharification. These results indicate that in pure cellulose there are good correlations between x‐ray diffractograms and susceptibility to microbial cellulase.
BARTIN: minimising bayes risk and incorporating priors using supervised learning networks (1992)

BARTIN (BAyesian Real-Time Network) is a general structure for learning Bayesian minimum risk decision schemes. It comprises two user-specified supervised learning nets (an observer and a utility network) and associated elements. This two stage structure allows separate minimisation of risk and compensation for changes in prior probabilities. It is able to learn Bayesian minimum risk decision schemes accurately from training data and priors alone. The design provides a new mechanism (the prior compensator) for correcting for discrepancies between class probabilities in training and recall. The same mechanism can be adapted to bias output decisions. The general structure of BARTIN is described together with its enumerative and Gaussian forms. The enumerative form of BARTIN is applied to a visual inspection problem and compared with the MLP. The value of taking both priors and risk into account is demonstrated.
Overexpression of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers and its involvement in G2/M progression in the cell cycle (2009)

A high level protein synthesis is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to show the contribution of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which plays an essential role in the polypeptide chain elongation step, in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated by using immunohistochemistry that eEF2 protein was overexpressed in 92.9% (13 of 14) of gastric and 91.7% (22 of 24) of colorectal cancers. No mutations were found in any of the exons of the eEF2 gene in six gastric and six colorectal cancers. Knockdown of eEF2 by eEF2-specific short-hairpin RNA (shEF2) inhibited cancer cell growth in two gastric cancer cell lines, AZ-521 and MKN28, and one colon cancer cell line, SW620. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of eEF2 induced G2/M arrest and resulted in inactivation of Akt and cdc2 (a G2/M regulator) and activation of eEF2 kinase (a negative regulator of eEF2) in these cancer cells. Conversely, forced expression of eEF2 in AZ-521 cells significantly enhanced the cell growth through promotion of G2/M progression in cell cycle, activated Akt and cdc2, and inactivated eEF2 kinase. Furthermore, forced expression of eEF2 in these cancer cells enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity in a mouse xenograft model. These results showed that overexpressed eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers promoted G2/M progression and enhanced their cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results also suggested a novel linkage between translational elongation and cell cycle mechanisms, implying that the linkage might play an important role to orchestrate the deregulated translation and cell cycle mechanisms for promotion of the development of gastrointestinal cancers.
Functional analysis of a human A<sub>1</sub> adenosine receptor/green fluorescent protein/G<sub>i1</sub>α fusion protein following stable expression in CHO cells (1999)

Fusion proteins between the human A(1) adenosine receptor and the pertussis toxin resistant (Cys351Gly) mutant of the G-protein alpha subunit G(i1)alpha (A1/Gi), and between the human A(1) adenosine receptor, the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Cys351Gly G(i1)alpha (A1/GFP/Gi), were expressed in CHO cells. The agonist NECA caused a stimulation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding at both fusion proteins with similar concentration dependence as at the native receptor. However in the presence of pertussis toxin NECA stimulation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was only seen at the A1/GFP/Gi fusion protein. The regulation of the adenylyl cyclase and MAP kinase effector systems by both fusion proteins was attenuated following pertussis toxin treatment. These studies demonstrate for the first time the characterisation of a fusion protein between a G-protein coupled receptor, GFP and a G-protein alpha subunit.
Comprehensive analyses of tumor immunity: implications for cancer immunotherapy (2016)

We develop a computational approach to study tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their interactions with cancer cells. Our resource of immune-infiltrate levels, clinical associations, as well as predicted therapeutic markers may inform effective cancer vaccine and checkpoint blockade therapies.
Route to a Family of Robust, Non‐interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks with pto‐like Topology (2011)

A combination of topological rules and quantum chemical calculations has facilitated the development of a rational metal-organic framework (MOF) synthetic strategy using the tritopic benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate (btb) linker and a neutral cross-linker 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy). A series of new compounds, namely [M(2)(bipy)](3)(btb)(4) (DUT-23(M), M = Zn, Co, Cu, Ni), [Cu(2)(bisqui)(0.5)](3)(btb)(4) (DUT-24, bisqui = diethyl (R,S)-4,4'-biquinoline-3,3'-dicarboxylate), [Cu(2)(py)(1.5)(H(2)O)(0.5)](3)(btb)(4) (DUT-33, py = pyridine), and [Cu(2)(H(2)O)(2)](3)(btb)(4) (DUT-34), with high specific surface areas and pore volumes (up to 2.03 m(3) g(-1) for DUT-23(Co)) were synthesized. For DUT-23(Co), excess storage capacities were determined for methane (268 mg g(-1) at 100 bar and 298 K), hydrogen (74 mg g(-1) at 40 bar and 77 K), and n-butane (99 mg g(-1) at 293 K). DUT-34 is a non-cross-linked version of DUT-23 (non-interpenetrated pendant to MOF-14) that possesses open metal sites and can therefore be used as a catalyst. The accessibility of the pores in DUT-34 to potential substrate molecules was proven by liquid phase adsorption. By exchanging the N,N donor 4,4'-bipyridine with a substituted racemic biquinoline, DUT-24 was obtained. This opens a route to the synthesis of a chiral compound, which could be interesting for enantioselective separation.
Mediation of Alopecia Areata by Cooperation Between CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes (2002)

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. It is hypothesized that CD8+ T cells act as the effector cells, with CD4+ T cell help. It is now necessary to look for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C associations with alopecia areata. Therapeutic manipulations that interfere with CD8+ activity should be examined.
Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio: An Experimental Study (2010)

Energy detection is an attractive spectrum sensing method for cognitive radio. The design of energy detection relies on two critical assumptions: 1) noise power is perfectly and {\it a prior} known; and 2) the test statistics in energy detection can be accurately modeled as independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random variables. In practice, noise power varies from time to time. This renders difficulty in estimating noise power and incurs an inaccuracy in modeling the test statistics. This paper studies how to realize energy detection using software-defined radio in a real environment. The noise power variation in a real environment is investigated. A histogram based method is proposed to determine the threshold of energy detection. Our experimental study shows the effectiveness of the histogram based method.
Tracking and locating source content in a weblog using semantic annotation techniques (2013)

In recent years, the World Wide Web has grown tremendously and become more complex because of the growing number of users and the content being added in varied formats. Web 1.0 suffered from publishing limitations as it requires significant amount of software investments. Web 2.0 has changed this by providing easy to use web tools to enable people to generate content and publish it easily on the web. This resulted in an explosion of web contents and has made relevant information retrieval challenging. This has led to the evolution of semantic web, where the traditional web content is added with semantic repository. There are semantic web based tools being developed and researched to make the information retrieval more efficient. This paper describes a semantic weblog which has the feature of locating the exact source content from the reference URLs. This ideology will be used in the CMS (Content Management System). It's highly possible that the content in CMS will be redundant over the web as most of the time the content will be gathered from already existing websites. Back tracking the source of such content will become obsolete and also changes to the source are difficult to be tracked. The proposed document based CMS varies from these traditional CMS in architecture, storage and control flow. Source URLs and content markings are indexed and mirrored. The Semantically annotated content are located in the stored websites and matched with the original source websites. It also allows backtracking of data to the original source URL(s) which will also be referred for future use.
Myeloma kidney: toward its prevention--with new insights from in vitro and in vivo models of renal injury. (2009)

Renal involvement in patients with multiple myeloma complicates their treatment and shortens their life span. The main renal lesion is predominantly a tubulointerstitial disease characterized by fibrosis, frequently associated with light chain-containing casts. At present there is no effective treatment for kidney disease associated with multiple myeloma. Recent research highlights the importance of interactions between myeloma light chains and proximal tubule epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of myeloma kidney. Dissecting the cellular and molecular events has identified novel avenues for potential treatment. Among these, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38), a pituitary immune-modulating peptide, has emerged as a promising novel therapy. PACAP38 prevented light chain-induced renal injury patterns in vitro, and in experimental animals in vivo. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish the usefulness of these novel therapies in preserving the kidney function in patients with multiple myeloma.
Design and Fabrication of Novel Compliant Electrostatically Actuated Microvalves (2009)

Electrostatically actuated microvalves are appealing candidates to build fully integrated microfluidic circuits because of the direct transduction of electrical signals into mechanical responses at low power consumption levels. Practical solutions, however, are still lacking due to their multi-layered architecture and difficulties in incorporating heterogeneous materials. In this paper, we report the design and fabrication process of an electrostatically actuated gas microvalve amenable to large scale integration for gas flow control. The device we designed consists of an upper die, containing a flexible electrode sealed by a thin elastic membrane, and a lower die, containing gas channels of trapezoidal cross-section and fixed electrodes. Each microvalve is defined by one fixed electrode spanning the floor and sidewalls of the trapezoidal gas channel and one corresponding flexible electrode suspended above the channel. In contrast to the conventional parallel-plate arrangement of electrodes, the two electrodes are approximated starting from the edges of the trapezoidal gas channel during the actuation step, which is advantageous for lowering the required actuation voltage. The upper die was fabricated by replica molding in polymeric material, the lower die was fabricated in a glass substrate by conventional microfabrication techniques, and the two dies were subsequently aligned and bonded using an adhesive layer. This reported low cost fabrication process could be implemented in any basic microfabrication facility. When a net pressure up to 1 bar was applied to the gas channel, reasonable flow rate was achieved. We also observed displacement of the flexible membrane when a DC voltage of 200 V was applied to a pair of electrodes. These preliminary results show that this microvalve is a promising candidate for integrated on-chip valving and will allow for building large scale microfluidic circuits with reduced power consumption.
Selective Inflammatory Pain Insensitivity in the African Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus glaber) (2008)

In all mammals, tissue inflammation leads to pain and behavioral sensitization to thermal and mechanical stimuli called hyperalgesia. We studied pain mechanisms in the African naked mole-rat, an unusual rodent species that lacks pain-related neuropeptides (e.g., substance P) in cutaneous sensory fibers. Naked mole-rats show a unique and remarkable lack of pain-related behaviors to two potent algogens, acid and capsaicin. Furthermore, when exposed to inflammatory insults or known mediators, naked mole-rats do not display thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, naked mole-rats do display nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test and show mechanical hyperalgesia after inflammation. Using electrophysiology, we showed that primary afferent nociceptors in naked mole-rats are insensitive to acid stimuli, consistent with the animal's lack of acid-induced behavior. Acid transduction by sensory neurons is observed in birds, amphibians, and fish, which suggests that this tranduction mechanism has been selectively disabled in the naked mole-rat in the course of its evolution. In contrast, nociceptors do respond vigorously to capsaicin, and we also show that sensory neurons express a transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 ion channel that is capsaicin sensitive. Nevertheless, the activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in naked mole-rats does not produce pain-related behavior. We show that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the naked mole-rat are functionally connected to superficial dorsal horn neurons as in mice. However, the same nociceptors are also functionally connected to deep dorsal horn neurons, a connectivity that is rare in mice. The pain biology of the naked mole-rat is unique among mammals, thus the study of pain mechanisms in this unusual species can provide major insights into what constitutes "normal" mammalian nociception.
Ultra compact laser projection systems based on two-dimensional resonant micro scanning mirrors (2007)

Recently, there has been substantial progress in the development of ultra-compact image projection systems with dimensions clearly below the size of products based on DMD<sup>TM</sup> technology. This has been enabled by the availability of electrically modulated laser sources for all three elementary colors and a two-dimensional resonant micro scanning mirror as MOEMS device for light deflection. The laser beam formed by collimator optics is directed onto the micro scanning mirror. Then, the reflected beam describes a highly complicated Lissajous figure on the projection screen with flare angles of up to 20 degrees. By driving the mirror and electrically modulating the intensity of the laser beam in a synchronous manner, projection of images can be achieved. In this contribution we will present the theoretical background of the projection system as well as the latest achievements in system design. Both monochrome and full color systems are currently available. The latter use a separate laser bank as RGB light source, which is coupled with the projection head comprising the micro-optics and the micro scanning mirror. For monochrome red systems, the laser diode can be integrated into the projection head as well, whose volume could be reduced to 15mm x 7 mm x 5mm. All systems have VGA (640 x 480 pixels) resolution and operate with 8 bit color depth per pixel and 50 frames per second. This degree of miniaturization makes laser projection systems attractive for integration into mobile devices and overcomes limitations of display size in such appliances.
Database servers tailored to improve energy efficiency (2008)

Database software can be tailored for specific application domains and their required functionality, for specific hardware and its characteristics, or for other purposes. This brief paper collects issues and techniques required or desirable for making a server-class database management system energy-efficient. The opportunities go far beyond cost functions and general performance improvements. Topics include additional layers in the memory hierarchy, I/O optimizations, data format, scheduling, adaptive query plan execution, and self management in novel ways.
Accumulation of Iron in Mitochondria of Erythroblasts (1967)

SUMMARY Abnormal accumulations of iron in the mitochondria of erythroblasts were observed in patients who developed mild transitory anaemia while on a course of chloramphenicol and in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. These and similar observations in six other syndromes were the basis for a discussion of the biochemical aetiology of this increased deposition of iron.
Helicobacter pylori strain types and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study. (2000)

The aim of this novel endoscopy clinic-based case-control study was to explore the influence of different Helicobacter pylori strain types on the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma using isolated bacterial strains, tissue samples, and sera. We included 72 cases with gastric adenocarcinoma and 324 age- and sex-matched controls. Histological characterization, culture, molecular typing of H. pylori genes by PCR (cagA/vacA), conventional IgG ELISA, and immunoblotting (Western blot) for the CagA and VacA proteins were performed. With four tests combined, H. pylori infection was detected in 57 (79%) cases and 213 (66%) controls. A positive association between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer risk was found [odds ratio (OR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.9]. Type I (OR, 1.8), intermediate (OR, 2.0), and type H (OR, 0.2) strains of H. pylori presented different serum antibody levels and different levels of association with gastric cancer. Our case-control study, based on molecular characterization and serology, provides further evidence that infection by more virulent strains of H. pylori and the presence of antibodies toward the CagA protein can be used as markers for an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and that the strain types of H. pylori could be used in the future to determine disease outcome.
The titration of vaccinia virus on the chorio-allantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo (1957)

A detailed investigation has been made of the pock-counting method for titrating vaccinia virus on embryonated eggs with a view to eliminating the wide scatter of results hitherto inseparable from the technique, and of assessing the precision of which it is capable. A detailed description is given of the technique evolved. Reasons are given for supposing that the distribution of counts should follow the Poisson series, and considerable progress is claimed towards the achievement of such a distribution.