gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Secure and Application-Oriented VANETs (2008)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are important components of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The main benefit of VANET communication is seen in active safety systems that increase passenger safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. Other applications and private services are also permitted in order to lower the cost and to encourage VANET deployment and adoption. Security is one of the major challenges that must be addressed before VANETs can be successfully deployed. Another crucial issue is support of different applications and services in VANETs. In this paper we propose a secure and application-oriented network design framework for VANETs. We consider both security requirements of the communications and other requirements of potential VANET applications and services. The proposed framework consists of two basic components: an application-aware control scheme and a unified routing scheme. We also study a number of key enabling technologies that are important to a practical VANET. Our study provides a guideline for the design of a more secure and practical VANET.
Ultrasound breast imaging using Full Angle Spatial Compounding: In-vivo results (2008)

For the detection of breast cancer, ultrasound is conventionally used in addition to mammography. However, ultrasound is highly operator-dependent since speckle, depth dependency and other artifacts (e.g. shadowing) affect image quality. Full Angle Spatial Compounding (FASC) may overcome those limitations by superimposing ultrasound data acquired in one cross-sectional plane from aspect angles all around an object. Furthermore, we showed in vitro that FASC also improves contrast perfusion imaging. To apply FASC to breast imaging, we developed an add-on system to a conventional ultrasound scanner, integrated in a custom-made examination couch. Here, we present first in-vivo results from test persons and patients with breast lesions.
Neural Retrieval for Question Answering with Cross-Attention Supervised Data Augmentation (2020)

Neural models that independently project questions and answers into a shared embedding space allow for efficient continuous space retrieval from large corpora. Independently computing embeddings for questions and answers results in late fusion of information related to matching questions to their answers. While critical for efficient retrieval, late fusion underperforms models that make use of early fusion (e.g., a BERT based classifier with cross-attention between question-answer pairs). We present a supervised data mining method using an accurate early fusion model to improve the training of an efficient late fusion retrieval model. We first train an accurate classification model with cross-attention between questions and answers. The accurate cross-attention model is then used to annotate additional passages in order to generate weighted training examples for a neural retrieval model. The resulting retrieval model with additional data significantly outperforms retrieval models directly trained with gold annotations on Precision at $N$ (P@N) and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR).
Inherited inverted duplication of X chromosome in a male: Report of a patient and review of the literature (1997)

Nineteen cases of duplication of segments of the long arm of chromosome X have been published in 13 males and in 6 females. We report an additional case of a male with growth and mental retardation, growth hormone deficiency, compensated primary hypothyroidism, distinctive anomalies of the face, hypoplastic genitalia, and hypotonia in whom inverted duplication of a segment in the long arm of X chromosome was diagnosed, 46,Y, dup (X)(q21.2q13.3), and mosaicism was demonstrated in his mother's X chromosome. The rearranged segment was diagnosed utilizing high resolution G-band technique and FISH studies, using chromosome X total chromosome probe and DNA XIST probe. This appears to be the first report of a patient with duplication of Xq and hypothyroidism.
Synthetic and antimicrobial studies on new gold(I) complexes of imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes (2004)

Abstract Six new 1,3‐diorganylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene (NHC) gold(I) complexes of the type [Au(NHC) 2 ] + (1–6), were synthesized by reacting [AuCl(PPh) 3 ] with 1,3‐dimesitylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene or bis(1,3‐dialkylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene). The complexes 1–6 were fully characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The placement of mesityl or para‐substituted benzyl groups on the nitrogen atoms of the ring of the complexes leads to the particularly active antibacterial agents evaluated in this work. It is worth noting that the p ‐methoxybenzyl derivative (2) inhibited the growth of Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3.12 µg ml −1 , 6.25 µg ml −1 , 3.12 µg ml −1 and 3.12 µg ml −1 respectively. In contrast, the analogous p ‐dimethylaminobenzyl derivative (3) is effective only against Escherichia coli (MIC = 3.12 µg ml −1 ). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Synthesis of Non-Solvated Trimethylgallium and Triethylgallium (1999)

Abstract A simple synthesis of non-solvated trimethylgallium and triethylgallium is proposed based on the reaction of alkyl iodides with a mixture or an alloy of magnesium and gallium in the absence of a solvent or in aliphatic hydrocarbons as solvent.
Performance evaluation of the Russian SPT-100 thruster at NASA LeRC (1994)

Performance measurements of a Russian flight-model SPT-100 thruster were obtained as part of a comprehensive program to evaluate engineering issues pertinent to integration with Western spacecraft. Power processing was provided by a US Government developed laboratory power conditioner. When received the thruster had been subjected to only a few hours of acceptance testing by the manufacturer. Accumulated operating time during this study totalled 148 h and included operation of both cathodes. Cathode flow fraction was controlled both manually and using the flow splitter contained within the supplied xenon flow controller. Data were obtained at current levels ranging from 3 A to 5 A and thruster voltages ranging from 200 V to 300 V. Testing centered on the design power of 1.35 kW with a discharge current of 4.5 A. The effects of facility pressure on thruster operation were examined by varying the pressure via injection of xenon into the vacuum chamber. The facility pressure had a significant effect on thruster performance and stability at the conditions tested. Periods of current instabilities were noted throughout the testing period and became more frequent as testing progressed. Performance during periods of stability agreed with previous data obtained in Russian laboratories.
Design and implementation of the software architecture for a 3-D reconstruction system in medical imaging (2008)

The design and implementation of the reconstruction system in medical X-ray imaging is a challenging issue due to its immense computational demands. In order to ensure an efficient clinical workflow it is inevitable to meet high performance requirements. Hence, the usage of hardware acceleration is mandatory. The software architecture of the reconstruction system is required to be modular in a sense that different accelerator hardware platforms are supported and it must be possible to implement different parts of the algorithm using different acceleration architectures and techniques.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model for elucidating the pathogenicity of Francisella tularensis (2008)

Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism for research on innate immunity and serves as an experimental model for infectious diseases. The aetiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularaemia, Francisella tularensis, can be transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes and Drosophila might be a useful, genetically amenable model host to elucidate the interactions between the bacterium and its arthropod vectors. We found that the live vaccine strain of F. tularensis was phagocytosed by Drosophila and multiplied in fly haemocytes in vitro and in vivo. Bacteria injected into flies resided both inside haemocytes and extracellularly in the open circulatory system. A continuous activation of the humoral immune response, i.e. production of antimicrobial peptides under control of the imd/Relish signalling pathway, was observed and it may have contributed to the relative resistance to F. tularensis as flies defective in the imd/Relish pathway died rapidly. Importantly, bacterial strains deficient for genes of the F. tularensis intracellular growth locus or the macrophage growth locus were attenuated in D. melanogaster. Our results demonstrate that D. melanogaster is a suitable model for the analysis of interactions between F. tularensis and its arthropod hosts and that it can also be used to identify F. tularensis virulence factors relevant for mammalian hosts.
Embedding web apps in mixed reality (2018)

Increase in processing capabilities, network connectivity, and other technical advances have enabled new ways to consume digital content. These include technologies such as virtual, mixed, and augmented reality, where new display type and multiple new input technologies are emerging. However, these systems are usually designed such that there is only the pre-installed main application, leaving the true application paradigm - analogous to desktop applications or mobile apps where the paradigms are well-established - inside the virtual reality still undefined. In this paper, we propose that web technologies form a potential dominant design that can be used to enrich mixed reality in a non-invasive fashion. More precisely, we go through the current technologies and open our thinking with examples from possible needs for the web application paradigm to work well with the virtual reality.
Engineering broad-spectrum document software (2002)

Almost 14 years after its first public release, Ghostscript is still a commercially thriving, actively evolving, nearly-Open Source PDL interpreter. It has successfully evolved from its original function as a PostScript Level 1 previewer running on MS-DOS on IBM-compatible PCs to cover new input PDLs (PDF, PCL5, and PCL XL), output formats (bitmaps, many printers, and low- and high-level PDLs, including PostScript-to-PDF "distilling"), development platforms (Unix, Linux, MS Windows, Macintosh, VMS, ...), deployment platforms (desktop, server, and embedded), and graphics capabilities (including CIE-based and CMYK color, RasterOp, anti-aliasing, and partial transparency), while maintaining or improving performance and output quality. This talk will examine, within the available time, the design choices (some more successful than others) relating specifically to this broad-spectrum coverage.Ghostscript repeatedly uses several design patterns to achieve functional and performance coverage. One example is "least common denominator plus specialized but functionally equivalent modules selected at build time". This handles differences in build environments, C language dialects, and operating system interfaces, as well as some user-selectable options. A second example is virtual functions, which handle output formats, color representations, and many other points of variability within Ghostscript. A third is "pipelineable interface", used in the memory manager and also for back ends. A fourth is "mixed-level interface", which places both high-level and low-level operations in a single interface with default implementation of the former in terms of the latter. The talk will give some specific examples of each of these, with an assessment of how well they have worked.Until mid-2000, nearly all the development of Ghostscript was done by a single developer with little input. This produced code with extremely high internal consistency, but spotty documentation and some idiosyncratic coding and design choices (such as extremely heavy use of C preprocessor macros). With the transition of development and maintenance to a mixed team of both commercial and public developers working in a much more open process, many processes formerly happening within a single person's head must be documented (e.g., necessary coding rules), automated (e.g., checking for conformity with those rules), modified (e.g., accepting a lower level of quality in intermediate releases), and/or augmented (e.g., public code review, allowing the existence of multiple code branches). The talk will assess some of these changes and their likely impact on future evolution of the code.
Collection of Aerosol Particles in Presence of Electrostatic Fields (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCollection of Aerosol Particles in Presence of Electrostatic FieldsHerbert F. Kraemer and H. F. JohnstoneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 12, 2426–2434Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50552a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50552a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views811Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Learning in neural networks with Bayesian prototypes (1994)

Given a set of samples of a probability distribution on a set of discrete random variables, we study the problem of constructing a good approximate neural network model of the underlying probability distribution. Our approach is based on an unsupervised learning scheme where the samples are first divided into separate clusters, and each cluster is then coded as a single vector. These Bayesian prototype vectors consist of conditional probabilities representing the attribute-value distribution inside the corresponding cluster. Using these prototype vectors, it is possible to model the underlying joint probability distribution as a simple Bayesian network (a tree), which can be realized as a feedforward neural network capable of probabilistic reasoning. We describe how the prototypes can be determined, given a partition of the samples, and present a method for evaluating the likelihood of the corresponding Bayesian tree. We also present a greedy heuristic for searching through the space of different partition schemes with different numbers of clusters, aiming at an optimal approximation of the probability distribution.
Modeling global scene factors in attention (2003)

Models of visual attention have focused predominantly on bottom-up approaches that ignored structured contextual and scene information. I propose a model of contextual cueing for attention guidance based onthe global scene configuration. It is shown that the statistics of low-level features across the whole image can be used to prime the presence or absence of objects in the scene and to predict their location, scale, and appearance before exploring the image. In this scheme, visual context information can become available early in the visual processing chain, which allows modulation of the saliency of image regions and provides an efficient shortcut for object detection and recognition.
Scotus on Morality and Nature (2000)

This article is part of a larger project defending a version of divine command theory in ethics. What I am interested in from Scotus is that he combines such a theory with a view that grounds ethics in nature, especially human nature. In order to understand this combination, we need to start with his view of the two affections. Scotus takes from Anselm the idea that humans have in their will two basic affections (or intellectual appetites), what he calls the affection for advantage (affectio commodi) and the affection for justice (affectio justitiae). All acts of the will, on this view, stem from one affection or the other. Behind Anselm is Augustine's insistence, which Scotus alre refers to frequently, that God is to be enjoyed and not used (even though entering into God's love is our greatest happiness), and everything else is to be used and not enjoyed.
Generic AAA Architecture (2000)

This memo proposes an Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) architecture that would incorporate a generic AAA server along with an application interface to a set of Application Specific Modules that could perform application specific AAA functions. A separation of AAA functions required in a multi-domain environment is then proposed using a layered protocol abstraction. The long term goal is to create a generic framework which allows complex authorizations to be realized through a network of interconnected AAA servers.
Nanodiamond molecular imaging with enhanced contrast and expanded field of view (2013)

Nanodiamond imaging is a new molecular imaging modality that takes advantage of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds to image a distribution of nanodiamonds with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Since nanodiamonds are nontoxic and are easily conjugated to biomolecules, nanodiamond imaging can potentially elicit physiological information from within a living organism. The position of the nanodiamonds is measured using optically detected electron spin resonance of the NVs. In a previous paper, we described a proof-of-principle nanodiamond imaging system with the ability to image in two dimensions over a 1×1 cm field of view and demonstrated imaging within scattering tissue. Here, we describe a second-generation nanodiamond imaging system with a field of view of 30×200 mm, and with three-dimensional imaging potential. The new system has a comparable spatial resolution of 1.2 mm FWHM and a sensitivity (in terms of the concentration of carbon atoms in a mm3 voxel) of 1.6 mM mm3 Hz-1/2, a 3-dB improvement relative to the old system. We show that imaging at 2.872 GHz versus imaging at 2.869 GHz offers a 1.73× improvement in sensitivity with only a 20% decrease in resolution and motivate this by describing the observed lineshape starting from the NV spin Hamiltonian.
Vitamin E and Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Oxidative Stress (2002)

Several neurodegenerative disorders are associated with oxidative stress that is manifested by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and other markers. Included in these disorders in which oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in their pathogenesis are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), tardive dyskinesia, Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis. This review presents some of the chemistry of vitamin E as an antioxidant and summarizes studies in which vitamin E has been employed in these disorders and models thereof.
Image-based camera localization: an overview (2018)

Virtual reality, augmented reality, robotics, and autonomous driving, have recently attracted much attention from both academic and industrial communities, in which image-based camera localization is a key task. However, there has not been a complete review on image-based camera localization. It is urgent to map this topic to enable individuals enter the field quickly. In this paper, an overview of image-based camera localization is presented. A new and complete classification of image-based camera localization approaches is provided and the related techniques are introduced. Trends for future development are also discussed. This will be useful not only to researchers, but also to engineers and other individuals interested in this field.
Reduction of shorts between word lines on charge-trapping flash cell in a self-aligned double patterning technology (2010)

This paper presents a unique gate structure for reducing shorts between word lines on charge-trapping flash cell memory. In the early stage of developing sub-45 nm half-pitch word line by a self-aligned double patterning (SADP) technology, the cell array suffered from abnormal intrinsic word line-to-word line shorts, ca. 96.3% of the bridge rate on the 72 Mb cell memory, due to the formation of polysilicon residues called stringers. The increase of polysilicon over-etching to eliminate stringers involves a trade-off between the removal efficiency of stringers and the feature size maintenance. Hence, a novel bottle-shaped gate profile was tailor-made and studied. As a result, the bridge rates are dramatically suppressed to 0%~10% on the low-density flash cells and ca. 22% in average on the high-density 512 Mb flash cell memory. The novel bottle-shaped gate structure is successfully implemented in advanced charge-trapping flash memory development.
New stochastic control scheme for multiservices call admission in mobile wireless networks (2004)

With the call handoff occurring more and more frequently in wireless networks, an effective call admission control is increasingly urgent for optimum utility of valuable bandwidth. The traditional guard channel scheme (GC) and its numerous variants cannot adapt to changes in traffic pattern due to their static nature. Recently, the dynamic call admission mechanism using stochastic control are found to be more stable and precise. But, it is still hard to get an effective dynamic call admission mechanism for multiservices. The main challenges with multiple types of traffic are that each has its own requirements of bandwidth, QoS guarantee and handoff rate. In addition, the computational complexity is another challenge. At present, most of the relative studies cope with this problem by setting up multiple dimensions stochastic model with high computational complexity. From this paper, it has found that it is enough to use the proposed single dimension stochastic model to compute the key parameters, such as call dropping probability, admission probability. So the computational complexity is greatly decreased. Numerical results of simulation show that the proposed scheme named OMDCA steadily satisfies the hard constraints on call dropping probability for multiservices while maintaining a very high channel throughput.
Intramembrane protease PARL defines a negative regulator of PINK1- and PARK2/Parkin-dependent mitophagy (2015)

Mutations in PINK1 and PARK2/Parkin are a main risk factor for familial Parkinson disease. While the physiological mechanism of their activation is unclear, these proteins have been shown in tissue culture cells to serve as a key trigger for autophagy of depolarized mitochondria. Here we show that ablation of the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL leads to retrograde translocation of an intermembrane space-bridging PINK1 import intermediate. Subsequently, it is rerouted to the outer membrane in order to recruit PARK2, which phenocopies mitophagy induction by uncoupling agents. Consistent with a role of this retrograde translocation mechanism in neurodegenerative disease, we show that pathogenic PINK1 mutants which are not cleaved by PARL affect PINK1 kinase activity and the ability to induce PARK2-mediated mitophagy. Altogether we suggest that PARL is an important intrinsic player in mitochondrial quality control, a system substantially impaired in Parkinson disease as indicated by reduced removal of damaged mitochondria in affected patients.