gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Disease Modeling and Drug Screening Platform (2012)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great hopes for therapeutic application in various diseases. Although ongoing research is dedicated to achieving clinical translation of iPSCs, further understanding of the mechanisms that underlie complex pathogenic conditions is required. Compared with other classical models for studying diseases, iPSCs provide considerable advantages. A newly emerging application of iPSCs is in vitro disease modeling, which can significantly improve the never-ending search for new pharmacological cures. Here, we will discuss current efforts to create iPSC-dependent patient-specific disease models. Furthermore, we will review the use of iPSCs for development and testing of new therapeutic agents and the implications for high-throughput drug screening.
M<scp>AKING AN</scp>A<scp>LLY FROM AN</scp>E<scp>NEMY</scp>: Plant Virology and the New Agriculture (2002)

Historically, the study of plant viruses has contributed greatly to the elucidation of eukaryotic biology. Recently, concurrent with the development of viruses into expression vectors, the biotechnology industry has developed an increasing number of disease therapies utilizing recombinant proteins. Plant virus vectors are viewed as a viable option for recombinant protein production. Employing pathogens in the process of creating added value to agriculture is, in effect, making an ally from an enemy. This review discusses the development and use of viruses as expression vectors, with special emphasis on (+) strand RNA virus systems. Further, the use of virus expression vectors in large-scale agricultural settings to produce recombinant proteins is described, and the technical challenges that need to be addressed by agriculturists and molecular virologists to fully realize the potential of this latest evolution of plant science are outlined.
Tumor metastasis and the lymphatic vasculature (2009)

Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels act as a conduit by which disseminating tumor cells access regional lymph nodes and form metastases there. Lymph node metastasis is of major prognostic significance for many types of cancer, although lymph node metastases are themselves rarely life-threatening. These observations focus our attention on understanding how tumor cells interact with the lymphatic vasculature, and why this interaction is so significant for prognosis. Tumors interact with the lymphatic vasculature in a number of ways, including vessel co-option, chemotactic migration and invasion into lymphatic vessels and induction of lymphangiogenesis. Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis both locally and in regional lymph nodes has been correlatively and functionally associated with metastasis formation and poor prognosis. The investigation of the molecular regulation of lymphangiogenesis has identified ways of interfering with prolymphangiogenic signaling. Blockade of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis in preclinical models inhibits metastasis formation in lymph nodes and often also in other organs, suggesting that blocking the lymphatic route of dissemination might suppress metastasis formation not only in lymph nodes but also in other organs. However, randomized clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of therapeutic removal of lymph nodes have concluded that lymph node metastases act only as indicators that primary tumors have developed metastatic potential, and do not govern the further spread of metastatic cells. To reconcile these apparently paradoxical observations we suggest a model in which tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis formation act as indicators that tumors are producing factors that can act systemically to promote metastasis formation in distant organs.
Furanodiene induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through MAPK signaling and mitochondria-caspase pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2007)

Furanodiene (C15H20O), a pure compound isolated from Traditional Chinese medicine, Curcuma wenyujin, named Ezhu in Chinese, which structure was determined on the basis of NMR, MS and UV spectrum. In this study, we attempted to characterize in detail the signaling cascades resulted from furanodiene-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Furanodiene inhibited HepG2 cell growth by causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M and inducing apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay. We found that furanodiene induced mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspases-3 and the cleavage of PARP. The furanodiene mediated mitochondria-caspase apoptotic pathway also involved activation of p38 and inhibition of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. These results for the first time have identified the biological activity of furanodiene against HepG2 cells and provide rationales for further development of essential oil of Ezhu and its ingredients such as furanodiene on treatment of liver diseases.
Can a Rescuer or Simulated Patient Accurately Assess Motion During Cervical Spine Stabilization Practice Sessions? (2012)

Rescuers and simulated patients could not adequately assess performance during C-spine stabilization maneuvers without objective measures. Providing immediate feedback in this context is a promising tool for changing behavior preferences and improving training.
Schwann cell precursors: a favourable cell for myelin repair in the Central Nervous System (2007)

Cell transplant therapies are currently under active consideration for a number of degenerative diseases. In the immune-mediated demyelinating-neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS), only the myelin sheaths of the CNS are lost, while Schwann cell myelin of the PNS remains normal. This, and the finding that Schwann cells can myelinate CNS axons, has focussed interest on Schwann cell transplants to repair myelin in MS. However, the experimental use of these cells for myelin repair in animal models has revealed a number of problems relating to the incompatibility between peripheral glial cells and the CNS glial environment. Here, we have tested whether these difficulties can be avoided by using an earlier stage of the Schwann cell lineage, the Schwann cell precursor (SCP). For direct comparison of these two cell types, we implanted Schwann cells from post-natal rat nerves and SCPs from embryo day 14 (E14) rat nerves into the CNS under various experimental conditions. Examination 1 and 2 months later showed that in the presence of naked CNS axons, both types of cell form myelin that antigenically and ultrastructurally resembles that formed by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. In terms of every other parameter we studied, however, the cells in these two implants behaved remarkably differently. As expected from previous work, Schwann cell implants survive poorly unless the cells find axons to myelinate, the cells do not migrate significantly from the implantation site, fail to integrate with host oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, and form little myelin when challenged with astrocyte-rich environment in the retina. Following SCP implantation, on the other hand, the cells survive well, migrate through normal CNS tissue, interface smoothly and intimately with host glial cells and myelinate extensively among the astrocytes of the retina. Furthermore, when implanted at a distance from a demyelinated lesion, SCPs but not Schwann cells migrate through normal CNS tissue to reach the lesion and generate new myelin. These features of SCP implants are all likely to be helpful attributes for a myelin repair cell. Since these cells also form Schwann cell myelin that is arguably likely to be resistant to MS pathology, they share some of the main advantages of Schwann cells without suffering from the disadvantages that render Schwann cells less than ideal candidates for transplantation into MS lesions.
Targeting of DNA gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae by sparfloxacin: selective targeting of gyrase or topoisomerase IV by quinolones (1997)

gyrA and parC mutations have been identified inn Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants stepwise selected for resistance to sparfloxacin, an antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone. GyrA mutations (at the position equivalent to resistance hot spot Ser-83 in Escherichia coli GyrA) were found in all 17 first-step mutants examined and preceded DNA topoisomerase IV parC mutations (at Ser-79 or Glu-83), which appeared only in second-step mutants. The targeting of gyrase by sparfloxacin in S. pneumoniae but of topoisomerase IV by ciprofloxacin indicates that target preference can be altered by changes in quinolone structure.
Multimedia applications in a mobile ATM environment (2002)

ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is the only standard based protocol today that is designed for broadband integrated services at the OSI lower layers. It is most suitable for multimedia applications. While ATM is widely deployed at the wide area network and the Internet core, it is also getting popular over ADSL. Vendors are paying more attention to wireless ATM technology and participation in the ATM Forum Wireless ATM (AF WATM) Technical Committee. The AF WATM group has defined a wireless configuration reference model. For Phase 1, it is focusing on the development of the protocol interface between a wireless mobile terminal and fixed ATM switches. Driven by the needs of the Internet and Enterprise Intranet accesses from mobile user platforms such as airplanes and cruise ships, an AF WATM subgroup was formed to develop protocol specifications for the interface between a mobile wireless ATM switch and a ground fixed ATM switch. Several simulated tests and demonstrations were given and many wireless ATM issues were identified. This paper gives a description of why we chose ATM, the operation concept of a satellite-based mobile ATM network, the constraints of the mobile platform environment, the test scenarios and demos were performed, the issues identified from these tests and demos, and how are these issues being addressed.
Waveguide TEA laser (1973)

We describe a miniature transverse-excitation CO2 laser in which the 10.6-μm laser radiation is confined within a hollow rectangular-cross-section dielectric and metal waveguide. Using a flowing mixture of CO2, N2, and He we have obtained laser action at pressures up to 1 atm, and pulse repetition rates as high as 4 kHz.
Reconstitution of Diploids from Leaf Tissue of Anther‐derived Haploids in Tobacco<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Normal diploid plants were regenerated from leaf midveins of cytologically verified, anther‐derived haploid tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants. Large numbers of haploids were obtained by culturing immature anthers on a chemically defined tissue culture medium. The haploids were verified cytologically soon after emergence frem the cultured anthers. They were screened under field, greenhouse, or growth chamber environments for disease resistance, chemical composition, and/or physical characteristics. Leaf midveins from selected haploid plants were trimmed of lamina and cultured on a chemicaliy defined medium. Leafy shoots emerged in about 3 weeks. Plants regenerated from midveins of young (less than fully expanded) leaves were all haploids. Those regenerated from aged leaves (those that remained on the plant 3 to 4 weeks after attaining full expansion) included some diploids and some haploids. The diploids were normal in appearance, self‐fertile and produced diploid progeny.
Inorganic Compounds Containing Sulfur and Fluorine (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic Compounds Containing Sulfur and FluorineHenry C. Miller and J. F. GallCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 11, 2223–2227Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50491a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50491a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microwave dielectric properties of rocks (1989)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/8029/5/bad4510.0001.001.pdf
Complete Genome Sequence of the Prototype Lactic Acid Bacterium <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> MG1363 (2007)

Lactococcus lactis is of great importance for the nutrition of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This paper describes the genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363, the lactococcal strain most intensively studied throughout the world. The 2,529,478-bp genome contains 81 pseudogenes and encodes 2,436 proteins. Of the 530 unique proteins, 47 belong to the COG (clusters of orthologous groups) functional category "carbohydrate metabolism and transport," by far the largest category of novel proteins in comparison with L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403. Nearly one-fifth of the 71 insertion elements are concentrated in a specific 56-kb region. This integration hot-spot region carries genes that are typically associated with lactococcal plasmids and a repeat sequence specifically found on plasmids and in the "lateral gene transfer hot spot" in the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus. Although the parent of L. lactis MG1363 was used to demonstrate lysogeny in Lactococcus, L. lactis MG1363 carries four remnant/satellite phages and two apparently complete prophages. The availability of the L. lactis MG1363 genome sequence will reinforce its status as the prototype among lactic acid bacteria through facilitation of further applied and fundamental research.
Isolation, Synthesis, and Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity of Resveratrol 3-<i>O</i>-β-<scp>d</scp>-Glucopyranoside and Related Compounds (1997)

Resveratrol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) has been isolated from the seeds of Erythrophleum lasianthum (Caesalpinioidae, Leguminosae), a South African plant used in traditional medicine, and has shown antiplatelet aggregation activity. The synthesis of 1, related hydroxystilbenes, and their glucosides has been undertaken to provide larger quantities, for further biological evaluation, and has been accomplished via Wittig reactions followed by glucosylation under phase transfer catalysis.
Encountering gate oxide breakdown with shadow transistors to increase reliability (2008)

Device scaling has enabled continuous performance increase of integrated circuits. However, severe reliability and yield concerns are arising against the background of nanotechnology. Tradition-ally, most causes and countermeasures were solely considered manufacturing issues, but lately, we have seen a shift towards op-erational reliability issues. Though, besides intense research on soft-errors and system-level approaches very little effort is put into low-level design solutions in order to enhance lifetime reliability. Hence, we demonstrate that redundant transistor insertion does im-prove system reliability significantly as regards Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB). Furthermore, we introduce an al-gorithm which identifies the transistors being most vulnerable to TDDB. Subsequently, redundant transistors (called shadow transis-tors) are inserted at the previously identified instances. Lastly, we argue for applying high threshold voltage devices for the redundant transistors. Finally, we present results for a set of benchmark cir-cuits and prove the combined approach successful. The enhanced designs were on average 41.8% more reliable compared to the ini-tial designs in respect of TDDB at the price of moderately in-creased power consumption and delay.
Liposomes as Potential Drug Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery (2014)

Lipids are amphiphilic molecules, where one part of the molecule is water-loving (hydrophilic) and the other water-hating (hydrophobic). When lipids are placed in contact with water, the unfavorable interactions of the hydrophobic segments of the molecule with the solvent result in the self assembly of lipids, often in the form of liposomes. Liposomes consist of an aqueous core surrounded by a lipid bilayer, much like a membrane, separating the inner aqueous core from the bulk outside. They were first discovered by Bangham and his co-workers in 1961 [1] and described as swollen phospholipid systems [2]. In the following years, a variety of enclosed phospholipid bilayer structures were defined which were initially called bangosomes and then liposomes, which was derived by the combination of two Greek words, “lipos” meaning fat and “soma” meaning body.
Synchronization and voting (1981)

This is an elaboration of the paper `Synchronization and matching in redundant systems' by Davies and Wakerly (ibid., vol.27, p.531-9, 1978). The design of voters for synchronization is strongly dependent on the signaling convention used. This correspondence presents voter designs for three different signaling conventions (transition, level, and pulse). The issue of improved voter performance is also addressed.
Mobile-controlled portable robotic measurement setup for microwave imaging diagnosis (2016)

This paper presents a low cost microwave system for medical diagnostics and treatment. The system consists of a wirelessly controlled automated data acquisition part using National Instrument (NI) MyRIO board and targets a portable microwave imaging (MWI) applications of the human body using a low cost robotic arm. The setup consists of a pair of Vivaldi antenna elements that act as transmitters and receivers separately, a vector network analyzer (VNA) and an CrustCrawler Robotic arm. The pair of Vivaldi antenna elements are held by a robotic-arm that scans in 3-dimensions with a user-defined sample program in LabVIEW-based graphic user interface (GUI) targeting the interested part of the human body using a WebCam based monitoring camera. A two port VNA sends and receives signals at each sample point and transfers the data back to a personal computer (PC) for further microwave signal and image processing. We have developed a scanning algorithm customised to our hardware setup. Analysis is carried out that show the efficiency of the algorithm in achieving the specific range and position requirements.
Variant Exons v6 and v7 Together Expand the Repertoire of Glycosaminoglycans Bound by CD44 (1997)

Isoforms of the glycoprotein CD44 are cell surface receptors for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronate. They have been implicated in many biological processes, but their function in these is poorly understood and cannot be explained solely by hyaluronate binding. In the present work we examine the ligand binding properties of alternatively spliced CD44 variant isoforms which are functionally involved in the immune system, embryonic development, and tumor behavior. We show that these isoforms bind directly to the purified glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulfate, heparin, and heparin sulfate, in addition to being able to bind to hyaluronate. Binding to this extended repertoire of glycosaminoglycans by CD44 depends on the inclusion of peptide sequences encoded by the alternatively spliced exons v6 and v7, and occurs both when the CD44 is solubilized from the plasma membrane and when it is expressed on intact cells. A single point mutation in the most N-terminal hyaluronate binding motif of CD44 ablates both hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate binding, suggesting that glycosaminoglycans are bound through a common motif, and that only one of the hyaluronate binding motifs is responsible for the majority of glycosaminoglycan binding by CD44 on the cell surface. Taken together, these observations indicate that alternative splicing regulates the ligand binding specificity of CD44 and suggest that structural changes in the CD44 protein have a profound effect on the range of ligands to which this molecule can bind with potentially wide-ranging functional consequences.
Reducing Sediment and Bacterial Contamination in Water Using Mucilage Extracted from the Opuntia ficus-indica Cactus (2009)

Reducing sediment and bacterial contamination in water using mucilage extracted from the Opuntia ficus-indica cactus
Multiple sclerosis in Taiwan. (2004)

The prevalence of MS in Taiwan, as in other Asian countries, was low; the optic-spinal form occurred very often, but predominant spinal cord involvement was not unusual, as well as there being less functional disability. A larger, prospective study is needed to provide more conclusive information.
The Purification and Properties of the A Protein of Lactose Synthetase (1971)

Abstract The A protein of lactose synthetase has been purified from bovine skim milk. After chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and cellulose phosphate, the active fractions were purified to constant specific activity by chromatography on columns of α-lactalbumin attached covalently to Sepharose. The A protein was bound specifically to this column in buffers containing glucose and was eluted by omitting glucose from the developing buffer. These highly purified preparations are inactivated easily but can be stabilized by N-acetylglucosamine or by bovine serum albumin. The final preparation was shown to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, by ultracentrifugal analysis, and by gel filtration on 4% Agarose in the presence of 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. The fully denatured enzyme was found to have a molecular weight between 40,000 and 44,000, values in good agreement with a molecular weight of 42,900, which was estimated for the native enzyme by sedimentation in sucrose density gradients. These molecular weight measurements suggest that the enzyme is not composed of subunits. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses indicate that the enzyme is a glycoprotein with about 12% by weight carbohydrate.