gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationships Between the Use of Fashion Information, Preference of Fashion Advertising and Fashion Leadership (1993)

The purpose of this research was to find out relationships between the use of fashion information, preference of fashion advertising and fashion leadership. This research was carried out by both the theoretical and empirical study. For the theoretical study, the research of Fashion Leadership was based on the fashion opinion leadership and innovativeness. The study include the analysis of variables influencing fashion leadership, such as use of fashion information preference of fashion advertising, and demographic variables. For the empirical study, fashion leadership was measured by fashion opinion leadership and innovativeness. The variables influencing on the fashion leadership were measured by use of fashion information (marketer-dominated information, consumer-dominated information, neutral information), preference of fashion advertising (dramatic type, feeling type, goods demonstration type), demorgraphic variables (age, years of education, family income, job, marriage). Data were obtained from 313 female in chungbuk area by self-administered questionaire. The datacollected through the questionaire were analyzed by the stastical technique - ANOVA and Duncantest, t-test, stepwise multiple-regression. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There were significant differences on the fashion leadership, fashion innovativeness, fashion opinionleadership according to the marketer dominated information and neutral information. There were significant differences on the fashion leadership, fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership according to the preference of dramatic type. There were significant differences on the fashion opinion leadership according to the preference of goods demonstration type. 2. 30 percent of the total variance of fashion leadership was explained by the six variables: fashion magazines, TV & Radio advertising, clothing of TV talent & singer, years of education, dramatic type, catalogue. 3. When the subjects were divided into five groups(innovative communicators, innovators, opinion leaders, followers, indifferents) according to their innovativeness scores and opinion leadership scores, there were significant differences among groups in most of use of fashion information, preference of fashion advertising variables and in some of demographic variables. 4. There were significant interactions between marketer-dominated information and dramatic type and were significant interactions in goods demonstration type, marketer-dominated information and dramatic type. There were significant interactions between consumer-dominated information and dramatic type. This ariables has the effect on Fashion Leadership by the interactions.
Developing an Information‐Based Marketing Strategy for a Consumer Protection Agency: A Case Study (1982)

Consumer protection agencies can improve their responsiveness and productivity by gathering and using market information to develop social marketing programs. The authors propose a strategic model using consumer complaint data and examine its application in the design of an information system for the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection. Results obtained from this system are presented to illustrate how the analysis of complaint data can be used in formulating a consumer protection strategy.
Pharmacological Rescue of the Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Detected by Use of a Novel Fluorescence Platform (2012)

Numerous human diseases arise because of defects in protein folding, leading to their degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Among them is cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR ), an epithelial anion channel. The most common mutation, F508del, disrupts CFTR folding, which blocks its trafficking to the plasma membrane. We developed a fluorescence detection platform using fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs) to directly detect FAP-CFTR trafficking to the cell surface using a cell-impermeant probe. By using this approach, we determined the efficacy of new corrector compounds, both alone and in combination, to rescue F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane. Combinations of correctors produced additive or synergistic effects, improving the density of mutant CFTR at the cell surface up to ninefold over a single-compound treatment. The results correlated closely with assays of stimulated anion transport performed in polarized human bronchial epithelia that endogenously express F508del-CFTR. These findings indicate that the FAP-tagged constructs faithfully report mutant CFTR correction activity and that this approach should be useful as a screening assay in diseases that impair protein trafficking to the cell surface.
The Business Culture of Great Britain (2001)

This paper intends to analyze the business culture of Breat Britain. The core assumption of this research is that ‘values and behaviours that affect the way individuals and groups do business together’. Three core analyzing areas of this research are business environment, british self-image and ‘what a foreigner can expect when doing business with british people.’ The characteristic points of research results are following: British business people are likely to primarily concerned with the short-term impact of new business on their annual budget and financial plan. British think of their management style as team-based and participative.
Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-Butene over a HFAU Zeolite. Composition of Coke and Deactivating Effect (1999)

The transformation of an isobutane −2-butene mixture with a 40 weight ratio was carried out in liquid phase at 50 °C on an USHY zeolite with a framework Si/Al ratio of 4.5. The reaction products can be classified into seven families: (a) trimethylpentanes resulting from isobutane alkylation with 2-butene or from isobutane self-alkylation, (b) dimethylhexanes, (c) C8 alkenes, (d) heavy products (mainly C9−C12), (e) light products C5−C7 alkanes, (f) n-butane, and (g) nondesorbed products (coke). These latter products, which are responsible for deactivation, were removed from samples coked for different times, after dissolution of the zeolite in a hydrofluoric acid solution, and analyzed by GC, IR, HNMR, MS, and GC/MS coupling. The coke components were identified as alkyl bicyclic olefinic compounds with 12−28 carbon atoms. IR spectroscopy analysis of the coked zeolite samples shows that coke molecules interact with the protonic sites, this interaction being mainly responsible for deactivation. Large differences can be observed in deactivation of the various reaction steps. The steps which are the more demanding in number (e.g., hydride transfer) or in strength (e.g., isomerization) of the acid sites are preferentially deactivated.
The p53 tumor‐suppressor gene and <i>ras</i> oncogene mutations in oral squamous‐cell carcinoma (1992)

Abstract The frequencies of mutations in the p53 tumor‐suppressor gene and ras proto‐oncogenes were investigated systematically in surgically resected oral squamous‐cell carcinomas (SCCs) using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and/or dot‐blot hybridization analysis of DNA fragments which had been amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). p53 gene mutations, within the region of exons 5 to 8, were detected in 17 out of 27 (63%) tumor specimens. The role of p53 mutations in cell‐line establishment was investigated. p53 gene mutations were detected in 5 out of 6 tissue samples from which cell lines were established and in 4 out of 5 specimens from which cell lines could not be established, suggesting that the presence of p53 gene mutations is not by itself sufficient for cell‐line establishment. Tumor samples were also analyzed for point mutational activation of the ras proto‐oncogenes. One out of 30 (3%) tumors showed an activating point mutation in codon 12 of H‐ ras , this being consistent with reports from Europe and USA but not with any from India. Compared to frequencies of the other genetic changes so far reported for oral SCC, the p53 mutations have been observed most often to undergo genetic change. p53 gene mutation is thus intimately involved in the genesis of oral SCC and consequently should be useful as a marker for the diagnosis of this neoplasm. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical Imaging of Breast Cancer Using Hemodynamic Changes Induced by Valsalva Maneuver (2013)

Our study revealed susceptibility to artifacts and a large number of false-positive additional lesions, suggesting that the evaluation of hemodynamic changes after Valsalva maneuver by optical imaging is not a promising method.
Optical characterization of weakly absorbing PP, PE, and PP/PE films (2003)

The transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) blends prepared by a hot pressing method are investigated. IR and UV spectra of PP, PE, and PP/PE blends (0–80%) in the wavelength range of 200–25000 nm were examined. The optical absorption spectra are presented and the determined values of energy gaps are listed. The results indicate that both direct and indirect transitions may exist. The analyses of the absorption peaks corresponding to oxygen groups for the PP/PE composite (80/20) show low optical density and, therefore, highly different optical behavior than for pure PP. The PP/PE composite is very promising with regard to optical stability.
The risk of developing lung cancer associated with antioxidants in the blood: ascorbic acid, carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and total peroxyl radical absorbing capacity. (1997)

Lung cancer cases diagnosed during the period 1975 through 1993 and matched controls were identified in the rosters of Washington County, Maryland residents who had donated blood for a serum bank in 1974 or 1989. Plasma from participants in the 1989 project was assayed for ascorbic acid; serum or plasma was assayed for participants in either project for alpha- and beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and peroxyl radical absorption capacity. Among the total group of 258 cases and 515 controls, serum/plasma concentrations were significantly lower among cases than controls for cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin with case-control differences of -25.5, -17.1, and -10.1%, respectively. Modest nonsignificant case-control differences in a protective direction were noted for alpha-carotene and ascorbic acid. There were only trivial differences for lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and peroxyl radical absorption capacity. Findings are reported for males and females and for persons who had never smoked cigarettes, former smokers, and current smokers at baseline. These results and those from previous studies suggest that beta-carotene is a marker for some protective factor(s) against lung cancer; that cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, and ascorbic acid need to be investigated further as potentially protective factors or associates of a protective factor; and that lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and peroxyl radical absorption capacity are unlikely to be associated with lung cancer risk. Until specific preventive factors are identified, the best protection against lung cancer is still the avoidance of airborne carcinogens, especially tobacco smoke; second best is the consumption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Analyses of β-Lactam Antibiotics and Tripeptides as Substrates of the Mammalian H<sup>+</sup>/Peptide Cotransporter PEPT1 (2005)

The utilization of the membrane transport protein PEPT1 as a drug delivery system is a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs. Since very little is known about the substrate binding site of PEPT1, computational methods are a meaningful tool to gain a more detailed insight into the structural requirements for substrates. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies using the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) method were performed on a training set of 98 compounds. Affinity constants of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides were determined at Caco-2 cells. A statistically reliable model of high predictive power was obtained (q(2) = 0.828, r(2) = 0.937). The results derived from CoMSIA were graphically interpreted using different field contribution maps. We identified those regions which are crucial for the interaction between peptidomimetics and PEPT1. The new 3D-QSAR model was used to design a new druglike compound mimicking a dipeptide. The predicted K(i) value was confirmed experimentally.
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (2007)

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is the term used to describe a constellation of features indicative of abnormal heart structure and function in patients with cirrhosis. These include systolic and diastolic dysfunction, electrophysiological changes, and macroscopic and microscopic structural changes. The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy remains unknown at present, mostly because the disease is generally latent and shows itself when the patient is subjected to stress such as exercise, drugs, hemorrhage and surgery. The main clinical features of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy include baseline increased cardiac output, attenuated systolic contraction or diastolic relaxation in response to physiologic, pharmacologic and surgical stress, and electrical conductance abnormalities (prolonged QT interval). In the majority of cases, diastolic dysfunction precedes systolic dysfunction, which tends to manifest only under conditions of stress. Generally, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy with overt severe heart failure is rare. Major stresses on the cardiovascular system such as liver transplantation, infections and insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunts (TIPS) can unmask the presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and thereby convert latent to overt heart failure. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy may also contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome. Pathogenic mechanisms of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy are multiple and include abnormal membrane biophysical characteristics, impaired beta-adrenergic receptor signal transduction and increased activity of negative-inotropic pathways mediated by cGMP. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis require a careful assessment of patient history probing for excessive alcohol, physical examination for signs of hypertension such as retinal vascular changes, and appropriate diagnostic tests such as exercise stress electrocardiography, nuclear heart scans and coronary angiography. Current management recommendations include empirical, nonspecific and mainly supportive measures. The exact prognosis remains unclear. The extent of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy generally correlates to the degree of liver insufficiency. Reversibility is possible (either pharmacological or after liver transplantation), but further studies are needed.
Expression of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in ruptured human anterior cruciate ligament: An <i>in situ</i> hybridization study (1996)

The biological basis for failure of the human anterior cruciate ligament to heal after rupture is unknown. Since this failure could be influenced by abnormalities in matrix protein production or degradation, or both, several diverse matrix protein markers were utilized to survey the state of these extracellular proteins in intrinsic anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts. Matrix gene expression was visualized by in situ hybridization 9 to 365 days after rupture using probes for type-I collagen, collagenase, 72kDa-gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. Remnants of anterior cruciate ligament were biopsied arthroscopically from 20 patients at reconstruction, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and processed with cDNA probes for the aforementioned mRNAs. mRNA expression of type-I collagen was detected in all specimens, was equally distributed throughout the remnants, and remained evident even at 1 year after injury. Neither of the matrix-degrading enzymes nor their inhibitor (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) was expressed at substantial levels at any time point. Collagen expression within the anterior cruciate ligament confirmed the viability of the ligament remnants for as long as 1 year after rupture. The lack of significant expression of the two matrix-degrading metalloproteinases by the fibroblasts is not consistent with an autodegradation of the remaining ruptured ligament tissue, and whether the lack of matrix remodelling may account, at least in part, for the poor healing response of the anterior cruciate ligament remains to be determined. This initial investigation by in situ hybridization techniques provides a descriptive profile of matrix gene expression in the damaged human anterior cruciate ligament.
Individual cell motility studied by time-lapse video recording: Influence of experimental conditions (2000)

Of the parameters evaluated, cell motility was most strongly affected by changes in pH and temperature. In general, changes in cell speed were accompanied by alterations in cell morphology and organization of filamentous actin, although no consistent phenotypic characteristics could be demonstrated for cells exhibiting high cell speed.
A multi-agent system architecture for coordination of just-in-time production and distribution (2002)

A multi-agent system architecture for coordination of just-in-time production and distribution is presented. The problem to solve is twofold: first the right amount of resources at the right time should be produced, then these resources should be distributed to the right consumers. In order to solve the first problem, which is hard when the production and/or distribution time is relatively long, each consumer is equipped with an agent that makes predictions of future needs that it sends to a production agent. The second part of the problem is approached by forming clusters of consumers within which it is possible to redistribute resources fast and at a low cost in order to cope with discrepancies between predicted and actual consumption. Redistribution agents are introduced (one for each cluster) to manage the redistribution of resources. The suggested architecture is evaluated in a case study concerning management of district heating systems. Results from a simulation study show that the suggested approach makes it possible to control the trade-off between quality of service and degree of surplus production. We also compare the suggested approach to a reference control scheme (approximately corresponding to the current approach to district heating management), and conclude that it is possible to reduce the amount of resources produced while maintaining the quality of service. Finally, we describe a simulation experiment where the relation between the size of the clusters and the quality of service was studied.
Disposition of urea following intravenous administration to rats. (1982)

To evaluate the distribution, metabolism and excretion of urea in normal rats, plasma concentration profiles, whole-body autoradiograms and urinary, fecal and expiratory excretions following intravenous administration of 14C-urea were investigated. High (1000 mg/kg) and low (0.0675 or 0.117 mg/kg) doses of urea were employed to examine dose-induced differences in the plasma levels and in the whole-body autoradiograms. Plasma radioactivity-time curves were analyzed according to a two-compartment open model. There were no significant differences in almost all of the pharmacokinetic parameters for these two doses. Even in the case of parameters with significant differences (α, β and k10), the dose dependency was considered to be rather small. When these parameters are compared with those for creatinine, k12 and k21 (which are both transfer rate constants for urea between plasma and tissue compartments) were significantly larger than those for creatinine, while (Vd')extrap for urea was about one-third of that for creatinine. There was also no significant dose dependency in the whole-body autoradiograms. The distribution pattern of urea radioactivity was almost uniform except in the kidney and urinary bladder even at an early stage (at 5 and 20 min). Following the intravenous doses, urea was regarded as being eliminated predominantly via the renal route, since more than 80% of the dose was excreted into the urine in 24 h. However, expiratory excretion of the radioactivity was about 12% in 24 h following i.v. administration of 14C-urea, while that after p.o. administration was approximately 37%.
HPV16 methyl‐haplotypes determined by a novel next‐generation sequencing method are associated with cervical precancer (2014)

We have developed and evaluated a next-generation bisulfite sequencing (NGS) assay to distinguish HPV16 cervical precancer (CIN2-3; N=59) from HPV16-positive transient infections (N=40). Cervical DNA was isolated and treated with bisulfite and HPV16 methylation was quantified by (i) amplification with barcoded primers and massively parallel single molecule sequencing and (ii) site-specific pyrosequencing. Assays were evaluated for agreement using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Odds ratios (OR) for high methylation vs. low methylation were calculated. Single site pyrosequencing and NGS data were correlated (ICC=0.61) and both indicated hypermethylation was associated with precancer (ORs of 2-37). Concordant NGS and pyrosequencing results yieled ORs that were stronger when compared with using either assay separately. Within the L1 region, the ORs for CIN2-3 were 14.3 and 22.4 using pyrosequencing and NGS assays, respectively; when both methods agreed the OR was 153. NGS assays provide methylation haplotypes, termed methyl-haplotypes from single molecule reads: cases had increased methyl-haplotypes with ≥1 methylated CpG site(s) per fragment compared with controls, particularly in L1 (p=3.0×10(-8)). The maximum discrimination of cases from controls for a L1 methyl-haplotype had an AUC of 0.89 corresponding to a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 73.1%. The strengthening of the OR when the two assays were concordant suggests the true association of CpG methylation with precancer is stronger than with either assay. As cervical cancer prevention moves to DNA testing methods, DNA based biomarkers, such as HPV methylation could serve as a reflex strategy to identify women at high risk for cervix cancer.
Abundant ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA by yeast replicative polymerases (2010)

Measurements of nucleoside triphosphate levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that the four rNTPs are in 36- to 190-fold molar excess over their corresponding dNTPs. During DNA synthesis in vitro using the physiological nucleoside triphosphate concentrations, yeast DNA polymerase epsilon, which is implicated in leading strand replication, incorporates one rNMP for every 1,250 dNMPs. Pol delta and Pol alpha, which conduct lagging strand replication, incorporate one rNMP for every 5,000 or 625 dNMPs, respectively. Discrimination against rNMP incorporation varies widely, in some cases by more than 100-fold, depending on the identity of the base and the template sequence context in which it is located. Given estimates of the amount of replication catalyzed by Pols alpha, delta, and epsilon, the results are consistent with the possibility that more than 10,000 rNMPs may be incorporated into the nuclear genome during each round of replication in yeast. Thus, rNMPs may be the most common noncanonical nucleotides introduced into the eukaryotic genome. Potential beneficial and negative consequences of abundant ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA are discussed, including the possibility that unrepaired rNMPs in DNA could be problematic because yeast DNA polymerase epsilon has difficulty bypassing a single rNMP present within a DNA template.