gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential Fatty Acids - A Review (2006)

Essential fatty acids (EFAs): cis-linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential for humans and their deficiency is rare in humans due to their easy availability in diet. EFAs are metabolized to their respective long-chain metabolites: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from LA; and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALA. Some of these long-chain metabolites form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins. EFAs and their metabolites may function as endogenous angiotensin converting enzyme and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, nitric oxide enhancers, anti-hypertensives, and anti-atherosclerotic molecules. EFAs react with nitric oxide (NO) to yield respective nitroalkene derivatives that have cell-signaling actions via ligation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In several diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, alcoholism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer the metabolism of EFAs is altered. Thus, EFAs and their derivatives have significant clinical implications.
Natural photonics (2004)

THE ABILITY to manipulate and control light is one of the foremost goals of modern optics. However, it is also something that nature perfected a long time ago. About 500 million years ago an evolutionary "big bang" took place, when animal life began to rapidly diversify. This so-called Cambrian explosion is thought to have been triggered when the manipulation of light began to influence the survival of many animals. When it comes to highly advanced optical systems, it seems there is no more experienced an engineer than nature itself.
Familial hyperuricemia and renal disease (1980)

• Information on a familial syndrome of hyperuricemia and renal disease with or without gout was obtained on 33 of 41 blood relatives: Nine had renal disease; abnormalities of the urinary sediments were minimal; serum uric acid levels were elevated in seven and were not measured in two. Hyperuricemia was noted in three additional family members without evidence of renal disease. Gouty arthritis (three patients) did not precede renal disease. One individual had hyperuricosuria. The following erythrocyte purine enzyme levels were normal: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, adenosine deaminase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Renal biopsy specimens showed focal global and segmental sclerosis of glomeruli, occasional hypercellularity, foci of atrophic tubules, chronic interstitial inflammation, and folding and wrinkling of glomerular basement membrane without electron-dense deposits. There were no immunofluorescent abnormalities. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>140:680-684, 1980)
From linear to interactive animation (2005)

There are significant differences between the art of animating for linear media such as film and video and the art of animating for interactive media such as computer and video games. In particular, these differences arise from the shift from linear characters to autonomous interactive characters. This article describes differences between linear animation and interactive animation in several areas of character design -- character intelligence, emotional expressiveness, navigation, transitions among animations, and multi-character interaction. These differences provide insight into the processes of both forms of animation and the final products that they create, and may provide a starting point for linear animators interested in becoming familiar with interactive animation.
Development, Operation, and Results From the Texas Automated Buoy System (2007)

The Texas Automated Buoy System (TABS) is a coastal network of moored buoys that report near-real-time observations about currents and winds along the Texas coast. Established in 1995, the primary mission of TABS is ocean observations in the service of oil spill preparedness and response. The state of Texas funded the system with the intent of improving the data available to oil spill trajectory modelers. In its 12 years of operation, TABS has proven its usefulness during realistic oil spill drills and actual spills. The original capabilities of TABS, i.e., measurement of surface currents and temperatures, have been extended to the marine surface layer, the entire water column, and the sea floor. In addition to observations, a modeling component has been integrated into the TABS program. The goal is to form the core of a complete ocean observing system for Texas waters. As the nation embarks on the development of an integrated ocean observing system, TABS will continue to be an active participant of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System (GCOOS) regional association and the primary source of near-surface current measurements in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. This article describes the origin of TABS, the philosophy behind the operation and development of the system, the resulting modifications to improve the system, the expansion of the system to include new sensors, the development of TABS forecasting models and real-time analysis tools, and how TABS has met many of the societal goals envisioned for GCOOS.
Reversible site-specific tagging of enzymatically synthesized RNAs using aldehyde–hydrazine chemistry and protease-cleavable linkers (2007)

The investigation of RNA structure, dynamics and biological function often requires the site-specific incorporation of non-natural moieties. Here we describe the functionalization of RNA transcripts by aldehyde-hydrazine chemistry using a simple initiator nucleotide that carries an acetal-protected aldehyde function. This initiator nucleotide was efficiently incorporated into RNA, and the modified RNAs were quantitatively coupled to a peptide derivative displaying a hydrazine moiety at one end, a biotin tag at the other, and a trypsin-cleavable sequence in between. RNA conjugates could be easily isolated by affinity chromatography on streptavidin agarose and quantitatively cleaved off the support by trypsin treatment without detectable RNA degradation. The strategy described here may allow the incorporation of various new features into enzymatically synthesized RNA under mild conditions.
Effect of fading correlation on the asymptotic open-loop and closed-loop capacity of MIMO systems (2004)

The paper analyzes the asymptotic capacity per receive antenna in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system with fading correlation at either the transmitter or the receiver. The objective is the derivation of a closed form solution for the asymptotic capacity under fading correlation when the number of transmit and receive antennas increases without bound at the same rate. To do that, we consider a particular correlation model that yields a closed form expression for the asymptotic density of the channel eigenvalues. We proposed the correlation model (Mestre, X. et al., IEEE JSAC, 2003) to analyze the asymptotic capacity of a correlated MIMO system under a uniform power allocation strategy. We extend those results to the closed-loop configuration under waterfilling power allocation. The asymptotic expressions provide some new interesting insights into the different influence of fading correlation on the channel capacity.
Learning Policy (2017)

Education reformers and policymakers argue that improved students’ learning requires stronger academic standards, stiffer state tests, and accountability for students’ scores. Yet these efforts seem not to be succeeding in many states. The authors of this important book argue that effective state reform depends on conditions which most reforms ignore: coherence in practice as well as policy and opportunities for professional learning. The book draws on a decade’s detailed study of California’s ambitious and controversial program to improve mathematics teaching and learning. Researchers David Cohen and Heather Hill report that state policy influenced teaching and learning when there was consistency among the tests and other policy instruments; when there was consistency among the curricula and other instruments of classroom practice; and when teachers had substantial opportunities to learn the practices proposed by the policy. These conditions were met for a minority of elementary school teachers in California. When the conditions were met for teachers, students had higher scores on state math tests. The book also shows that, for most teachers, the reform ended with consistency in state policy. They did not have access to consistent instruments of classroom practice, nor did they have opportunities to learn the new practices which state policymakers proposed. In these cases, neither teachers nor their students benefited from the state reform. This book offers insights into the ways policy and practice can be linked in successful educational reform and shows why such linkage has been difficult to achieve. It offers useful advice for practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve education, and to analysts seeking to understand it.
Temperature-adaptive body-bias and supply voltage scaling for enhanced energy efficiency in nano-CMOS circuits (2007)

Temperature dependent propagation delay characteristics of CMOS circuits will experience a complete reversal in the near future. Contrary to the older technology generations, the speed of standard zero-body-biased circuits in a 32 nm CMOS technology is enhanced when the temperature is increased at the nominal supply voltage. The enhancement of circuit speed provides new opportunities to lower the energy consumed by active circuits at elevated temperatures. Temperature-adaptive supply and threshold voltage tuning techniques are proposed in this paper to reduce the high temperature active mode energy consumption without degrading the circuit speed. Results indicate that the energy consumption can be lowered by up to 21% by dynamically scaling the supply voltage at elevated temperatures. An alternative technique based on temperature-adaptive reverse body-bias exponentially reduces the leakage currents as well as the parasitic junction capacitances of the MOSFETs. The temperature-adaptive threshold voltage tuning through reverse body-bias yields an active mode energy reduction by up to 29.8% as compared to the standard zero body-biased circuits at high temperatures.
Quantitative method for measuring therapeutic efficacy of the 308 nm excimer laser for vitiligo (2011)

Measurement of changes in area using digital image analysis could be used as a quantitative method in evaluating efficacy of treatment for vitiligo. Because vitiligo lesions can occur in any location with various shapes and sizes, digital image analysis would be a more objective method for measuring treatment response than a GAS.
Fault Diagnosis Technology Based on Model Driven (2015)

Fault diagnosis is an important application of the power grids monitoring system. Under the situation of continuous development of smart grid, it brings new challenges to the fault diagnosis technology. A fault diagnosis expert system based on model driven approach is proposed in this paper. And the corresponding fault modeling technology based on Fault Logic Description Language (FLDL) is described step by step. Practices show that this system could meet the requirements of processing fault alarm information rapidly and reliably by operator.
Building, maintaining, and using knowledge bases (2013)

A knowledge base (KB) contains a set of concepts, instances, and relationships. Over the past decade, numerous KBs have been built, and used to power a growing array of applications. Despite this flurry of activities, however, surprisingly little has been published about the end-to-end process of building, maintaining, and using such KBs in industry. In this paper we describe such a process. In particular, we describe how we build, update, and curate a large KB at Kosmix, a Bay Area startup, and later at WalmartLabs, a development and research lab of Walmart. We discuss how we use this KB to power a range of applications, including query understanding, Deep Web search, in-context advertising, event monitoring in social media, product search, social gifting, and social mining. Finally, we discuss how the KB team is organized, and the lessons learned. Our goal with this paper is to provide a real-world case study, and to contribute to the emerging direction of building, maintaining, and using knowledge bases for data management applications.
Vibrio cholerae Hcp, a secreted protein coregulated with HlyA (1996)

Hcp is a 28-kDa secreted protein of Vibrio cholerae regulated coordinately with the hemolysin, HlyA. Both proteins show a dependence on HlyU for expression, suggesting that Hcp may be secreted by V. cholerae in vivo. We have identified and sequenced two genes for Hcp, designated hcpA and hcpB (hemolysin-coregulated protein). The genes encode identical amino acid sequences. Both express a 28-kDa protein, despite open reading frames with only a 19-kDa capacity, suggesting that the Hcp protein runs aberrantly on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There is no cleavage involved in secretion of Hcp from the cell, suggesting a novel mechanism of secretion. An hcp null mutant was constructed, and this strain displayed no deficiency in virulence or colonization in the infant mouse cholera model. From sequence data and primer extension analysis, we predict that the hcp promoter is the sigma 54 type, with a candidate integration host factor binding site upstream. Although hcp and hlyA are coregulated by HlyU, there are no obvious similarities between their promoters. We predict that an intermediate regulator may be involved in the activation of hcp by HlyU. This raises the possibility that HlyU is part of a regulatory cascade.
Effect of prolactin on the metabolism of androgens by the rat ventral prostate gland in vitro. (1976)

When homogenates of rat ventral prostate glands were incubated with varying amounts of prolactin (0.2, 0.8, or 2.0 IU per ml), there were significant alterations in the bioconversion of [3H]testosterone and its principal radiometabolites. A 2.0-IU per ml dose of prolactin significantly reduced the metabolism of labeled testosterone in the prostate gland (P less than or equal to 0.01). Similarly, the amounts of [3H]5alpha-androstane-3beta,-17beta-diol ([3H]androstanediol) formed from [3H]testosterone were significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the prolactin-treated groups than they were in the controls. Only the highest dose of prolactin (namely, 2.0 IU per ml) impaired the conversion of [3H]testosterone to [3H]17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one and to [3H]-dihydrotestosterone in the homogenates of rat ventral prostate glands. These findings suggest that prolactin is capable of exerting intracellular actions as evidenced by its ability to interfere with steroidogenesis in androgen-dependent tissues.
PMD pulse deformation (1995)

An approximate formula is proposed for a PMD-distorted signal on a singlemode fibre, including both first and second-order effects. In the case of a Gaussian pulse, the formula simply results in a chirp-dependent increase of the pulsewidth.
Synthesis and binding characteristics of two sulfhydryl‐reactive probes for vasopressin receptors (1993)

The present study describes the synthesis and receptor binding affinities of the sulfhydryl-reactive vasopressin analogs deamino[Dab(N delta-N-maleoyl-beta-alanin e)4]AVP (1a) and deamino[Lys(N epsilon-N-maleoyl-beta-alanine)8VP (2a). The analogs were obtained by introducing the sulfhydryl-reactive maleoyl-beta-analyl group at the delta-amino group of Dab4 in deamino[Dab4]AVP (1) and at the epsilon-amino group of Lys8 in deamino[Lys8]VP (2), which were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Furthermore, the analog modified at Dab4 was prepared as tritium labeled compound (1b) after catalytic iodine tritium exchange at Tyr2 in deamino[Dab4]AVP. The sulfhydryl-reactive vasopressin analogs retained high binding affinity for the V2 vasopressin receptor in membranes derived from bovine kidney inner medulla. Apparent dissociation constants Kd of 45 nM (compound 1a) and 15 nM (compound 2a) were determined. Incubation of the ligand receptor complexes at pH 5.5 resulted in dissociation of the sulfhydryl-reactive vasopressin analogs from the V2 receptor. No indications of a covalent reaction between analogs 1a, 2a and 1b and sulfhydryl groups in or close to the hormone binding site of the V2 receptor were found.
Chemistry of dioxiranes. 21. Thermal reactions of dioxiranes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of dioxiranes. 21. Thermal reactions of dioxiranesMegh Singh and Robert W. MurrayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 15, 4263–4270Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00041a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00041a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of Epoxy-Phenol Thermosetting Resin Using New Modified Styrene Butadiene Rubber (2006)

Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has been widely used in the electronics materials field because NBR has shown good compatibility with epoxy resins. However, it is not clear if the use of NBR for epoxy compounds is the best choice because the acrylonitrile units in NBR have poor electric properties. Taking both compatibility and electric properties into consideration, we have developed a new modified crosslinked styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) particle, which has a diameter of 70nm. This rubber showed a lower dielectric constant and a lower dissipation factor than NBR. Furthermore, these electric properties have been improved in the epoxy-phenol-SBR formulation. We found it possible to reduce the elastic modulus without sacrificing the electric properties.
Zebrafish tracking using convolutional neural networks (2017)

Keeping identity for a long term after occlusion is still an open problem in the video tracking of zebrafish-like model animals, and accurate animal trajectories are the foundation of behaviour analysis. We utilize the highly accurate object recognition capability of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish fish of the same congener, even though these animals are indistinguishable to the human eye. We used data augmentation and an iterative CNN training method to optimize the accuracy for our classification task, achieving surprisingly accurate trajectories of zebrafish of different size and age zebrafish groups over different time spans. This work will make further behaviour analysis more reliable.
Selective Oxidation of CO in Hydrogen under Fuel Cell Operating Conditions (2001)

Five catalysts Pt/Vulcan-XC-72, Ir/carbon, and were investigated as CO selective oxidation catalysts with under conditions similar to that of an operating fuel cell (76°C, high humidity). This investigation was done to study the possibility of integrating a CO removal reactor into a fuel cell stack. The catalyst was the superior catalyst for CO selective oxidation with the highest CO conversion and selectivity among the catalysts evaluated. A nearly 100% CO conversion occurred with the catalyst at Although the catalyst had high activity and selectivity for CO oxidation under dry conditions, its activity decayed dramatically due to instability of in the presence of water vapor and hydrogen. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
cDNA sequence coding for a translationally controlled human tumor protein (1989)

Journal Article cDNA sequence coding for a translationally controlled human tumor protein Get access Burck Gross, Burck Gross Department of Cell Biology, Central Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the GDR, R.-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 1115, GDR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matthias Gaestel, Matthias Gaestel Department of Cell Biology, Central Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the GDR, R.-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 1115, GDR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Böhm, Hans Böhm Department of Cell Biology, Central Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the GDR, R.-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 1115, GDR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heinz Bielka Heinz Bielka Department of Cell Biology, Central Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademy of Sciences of the GDR, R.-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 1115, GDR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 20, 25 October 1989, Page 8367, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.20.8367 Published: 25 October 1989 Article history Accepted: 13 September 1989 Published: 25 October 1989
Evidence for a self-organized growth in granular Co/Al2O3 multilayers (2000)

By sequential deposition of thin layers of cobalt and alumina by sputtering, we have fabricated granular multilayers consisting of successive planes of nanosized cobalt clusters separated by alumina along the growth direction. Combining grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, we show that, in a given range of thickness, the vertical arrangement of clusters from plane to plane is not random but shows a topology-induced self-organization.
A Biocompatible and Biodegradable Protein Hydrogel with Green and Red Autofluorescence: Preparation, Characterization and In Vivo Biodegradation Tracking and Modeling (2016)

Because of its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, albumins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have found a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we report that glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA (or HSA) forms a novel fluorescent biological hydrogel, exhibiting new green and red autofluorescence in vitro and in vivo without the use of any additional fluorescent labels. UV-vis spectra studies, in conjunction with the fluorescence spectra studies including emission, excitation and synchronous scans, indicated that three classes of fluorescent compounds are presumably formed during the gelation process. SEM, FTIR and mechanical tests were further employed to investigate the morphology, the specific chemical structures and the mechanical strength of the as-prepared autofluorescent hydrogel, respectively. Its biocompatibility and biodegradability were also demonstrated through extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. More interestingly, the strong red autofluorescence of the as-prepared hydrogel allows for conveniently and non-invasively tracking and modeling its in vivo degradation based on the time-dependent fluorescent images of mice. A mathematical model was proposed and was in good agreement with the experimental results. The developed facile strategy to prepare novel biocompatible and biodegradable autofluorescent protein hydrogels could significantly expand the scope of protein hydrogels in biomedical applications.