gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigens Varying in Affinity for the B Cell Receptor Induce Differential B Lymphocyte Responses (1998)

The B cell receptor (BCR) triggers a variety of biological responses that differ depending upon the properties of the antigen. A panel of M13 phage-displayed peptide ligands with varying affinity for the 3-83 antibody was generated to explore the role of antigen-BCR affinity in cell activation studies using primary 3-83 transgenic mouse B cells. Multiple parameters of activation were measured. T cell-independent B cell proliferation, antibody secretion, induction of germline immunoglobulin gamma1 transcripts, and B cell production of interleukin (IL) 2 and interferon gamma responses were better correlated with antigen-BCR affinity than with receptor occupancy. In contrast, other responses, such as upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II and B7.2 (CD86), secretion of IL-6, and B cell proliferation in the context of CD40 signaling were only weakly dependent on antigen affinity. Biochemical analysis revealed that at saturating ligand concentrations the ability of phage to stimulate some early signaling responses, such as Ca++ mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation of syk or Igalpha, was highly affinity dependent, whereas the ability to stimulate Lyn phosphorylation was less so. These data suggest that the BCR is capable of differential signaling. The possibility that differential BCR signaling by antigen determines whether an antibody response will be T independent or dependent is discussed.
Advanced Hydraulics Analysis Optimizes Performance of Roller Cone Drill Bits (2000)

Abstract For nearly 30 years after the introduction of jet bits, all tricone bits had virtually identical nozzle systems. Nozzles were aimed toward the corner of the borehole bottom, more or less equidistant between the cones. More recently, tricone bits with unique patented nozzle systems have appeared and today drillers can choose between at least five different nozzle configurations. It is recognized that cone cleaning nozzle systems perform best in bit balling environments and borehole cleaning nozzle systems perform best in bottom balling environments. Another characteristic of bit hydraulics, which has not received much attention in the literature, is the ability of a bit to evacuate cuttings. Since one bit may encounter both bit and bottom balling environments during its life and all bits must evacuate cuttings, it is most ideal if one nozzle system can be developed which performs well in all three of these aspects. A bit with a new nozzle system, described in this paper, has been shown to achieve superior rates of penetration to all other nozzle systems currently available in both laboratory and field tests. Three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of the flow field between tricone bits and boreholes have been used to quantify the bit cleaning, bottom cleaning and cutting evacuation characteristics of this new bit and two other tricone nozzle designs. Cone cleaning is not the only factor to be considered in designing a nozzle system for bit balling environments. Today's rock bit is expected to drill long intervals and therefore must drill through several different types of rock, which can often mean the bit may encounter several different drilling environments in its lifetime. Furthermore, nozzle systems that clean the cones may erode the cones in abrasive environments. CFD models have also been used to quantify and minimize the potential for erosive wear of the cone shell.
A multimedia synchronization model and its implementation in transport protocols (1996)

An implementation of a synchronization mechanism in transport protocol to support multimedia applications over a packet or cell switched network is proposed. In designing such a mechanism for practical use, ease of implementation and capability of handling random delay of packets are two key issues for success. Since the random delay of packet or cell switched networks makes synchronization among media more complicated after the transmission across the network, a model which considers the random transmission delay is hence required to specify the temporal relationship among media. Therefore, a real-time synchronization model is presented to satisfy this requirement in the paper. Based on the proposed synchronization model, a transport protocol, namely the multimedia synchronization transport protocol (MSTP), is designed and implemented. We have implemented a prototype system using the MSTP protocol and built a simulation system for the wide area network (WAN) environment in order to evaluate the performance of the MSTP protocol.
E Actitrode: The new selective stimulation interface for functional movements in hemiplegics patients (2004)

We describe the new multi-contact electrode-array for surface electrical stimulation, and the corresponding interface device that allows on-line selection of the conductive fields during the application of the system. This new device has a specific value for therapeutic applications of electrical stimulation since it allows effective generation of desired functional movements. The user-friendly interface also allows patients at home to select the optimal electrode array; thereby, to receive therapies out of the clinical environment. The electrode was tested in three post-stroke hemiplegics patients. The pilot experiments showed that system works sufficiently good for control of fingers during grasp and release functions without the interference of the wrist movement. The use of electrode is also envisioned for many other applications (foot-drop fitness, shoulder subluxation, etc).
The measurement of the Stokes parameters: A generalized methodology using a dual photoelastic modulator system (2008)

We derive a generalized theory of a dual photoelastic modulator system designed for the measurement of the Stokes parameters of an arbitrary light beam. Based on the theory, a critique of various potential configurations that could be used to effect such measurements is presented. A calibration procedure for the entire optical system is introduced which, among other things, renders a knowledge of the frequency response of the detector system unnecessary. An analysis of the errors due to incorrect setting of optical components is presented for some of the more practical cases. This allows an assessment of the relative merit of different experimental configurations.
Novel preparation of 2,1-benzothiazine derivatives from sulfonamides with [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]arenes (2003)

Cyclization of sulfonamides bearing an aromatic ring at the beta-position with various organohypervalent iodine compounds was carried out to form the corresponding 2,1-benzothiazine derivatives. Among them, the cyclization effectively proceeded with [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]arenes through ionic pathways. The same treatment of a sulfonamide bearing a 4-methoxyphenyl group at the beta-position generated a spiro compound.
High Perform ance Liquid Chrom atographie Analysis o f Steroidal Saponins from Avena sativa L (1981)

Abstract Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography offers an efficient and rapid method for analysis of steroidal saponins. Crude extracts from primary leaves of Avena sativa and isolated etioplasts therefrom have been resolved into four saponins (avenacosides) using a water-acetonitrile gradient system on RP-8 and monitoring the column effluent at 200 nm with an UV-detector. Detectability was found to be in the range of 50 ng avenacoside B and the detector response was linear up to 8 μg tested. The described method is applicable to studies on localization and physiology of Avena saponins during development of the primary leaf.
Soft-Matter Printed Circuit Board with UV Laser Micropatterning (2017)

When encapsulated in elastomer, micropatterned traces of Ga-based liquid metal (LM) can function as elastically deformable circuit wiring that provides mechanically robust electrical connectivity between solid-state elements (e.g., transistors, processors, and sensor nodes). However, LM-microelectronics integration is currently limited by challenges in rapid fabrication of LM circuits and the creation of vias between circuit terminals and the I/O pins of packaged electronics. In this study, we address both with a unique layup for soft-matter electronics in which traces of liquid-phase Ga-In eutectic (EGaIn) are patterned with UV laser micromachining (UVLM). The terminals of the elastomer-sealed LM circuit connect to the surface mounted chips through vertically aligned columns of EGaIn-coated Ag-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microparticles that are embedded within an interfacial elastomer layer. The processing technique is compatible with conventional UVLM printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping and exploits the photophysical ablation of EGaIn on an elastomer substrate. Potential applications to wearable computing and biosensing are demonstrated with functional implementations in which soft-matter PCBs are populated with surface-mounted microelectronics.
Molecular Insights of Natural Rubber Biosynthesis-An Approach from Prenyltransferase Gene Analysis (2003)

Linear prenyl diphosphates whose carbon chain length varies widely from geranyl diphosphate (C10) to natural rubber (C>105) are biosynthesized by the catalytic function of a group of enzymes called prenyltransferases. Prenyltransferases are classified in two major groups, trans- or (E)-prenyltransferases and cis- or (Z)-prenyltransferases. From the year of 1987, many genes encoding (E)-prenyltransferases have been cloned and characterized well. However, the structure and detailed mechanism of (Z)-prenyltransferase had been completely unknown until our identification of a gene encoding the undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPS) from Micrococcus luteus B-P 26. Not only the primary structure but also the tertiary structure of the UPS is quite different from those of (E)-prenyltransferases. Multiple alignment of primary structures of (Z)-prenyltransferases identified from various organisms reveals that there are five highly conserved regions among (Z)-prenyltransferases. In order to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of natural rubber which is composed of cis-1, 4-polyisoprene, we isolated and characterized two genes encoding (Z)-prenyltransferases from the latex in Hevea brasiliensis by using sequence information on the conserved regions of (Z)-prenyltransferases. In vitro rubber transferase assay using the recombinant gene product revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the formation of polyprenyl products with approximate sizes around 1×104 Da. Moreover, in the presence of washed bottom fraction from latex, the rubber transferase activity and the size of the major product was increased, suggesting a possible requirement of certain activation factors in the washed bottom fraction for the production of high molecular weight rubber.
Hand-Drawn Maps for Robot Navigation (2002)

The goal of this work is to create a robot interface that allows a novice user to guide, control, and/or program a robot to perform some task. The assumption is that, although the user may be a domain expert in how the task should be done, he is not an expert in robotics. During the actual robot use, he should focus on the task to be done rather than worrying about the robot or the interaction modality. To address this goal, we have been investigating the use of hand-drawn route maps to transfer navigation tasks to robots. In the paper, we provide an overview and current status of ongoing work with sketches. We discuss what type of information would be useful for directing and controlling a robot and then show how this information can be extracted from a sketched route map, in the form of spatial relationships. An analysis example of a PDA-generated sketch is included. Also, preliminary results are presented which compare the analysis of a sketched map with that of a real map.
Design and Implementation of Security Vulnerability Detecting System (2005)

Network security becomes more and more important with the development of network technology. Security vulnerabili-ty detecting technology can help administrator to find vulnerabil-ity of network as soon as possible. This paper describes theprinciple, structure, and sub- systems of security vulnerability de-tecting system. Key technology is introduced in the end.
ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY. (1903)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY.Alexander SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1903, 25, 2, 215–217Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1903Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1903https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02004a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02004a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of albumin from human plasma by heat denaturation method in plasma bag (2012)

Since albumin preparation in plasma bag is a simple and cheap technology, it has the potential for use in the production of a safe plasma derived product, although suitability for human use would require appropriate clinical assessment for safety. Using this method, albumin could be prepared from all types of plasma. This method is suggested as a possible method of albumin production for all countries which do not have a plasma fractionation industry and even for the countries with low plasma supplies.
Application and Evaluation of Portable Field Instruments for Measuring Forced Expiratory Volume of Children and Adults in Environmental Health Surveys (1974)

In support of Health Effects Research Studies, pulmonary function tests are periodically administered to a large number of children. The ventilatory performance of these children is being evaluated by measuring the 0.75-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV(0.75)) with a waterless mechanical volume spirometer used in conjunction with an electronic timing unit. During a 1-yr testing period, operation with the volume spirometer and the EPA designed electronic timing unit proved to be highly successful. The volume spirometer was found to be more advantageous in conducting tests at remote field stations than the water spirometer and other electronic instruments which measure flow rate with a transducer element. The volume spirometer is lightweight, easy to operate, and has the capability of easy and accurate field calibration when used in conjunction with the electronic timing unit. Presently the volume spirometer and EPA designed electronic timing package are employed in all Community Health and Surveillance System (CHESS) pulmonary function testing studies.
New Directions for Container Debloating (2017)

Application containers, such as Docker containers, are light-weight virtualization environments that "contain" applications together with their resources and configuration information. While they are becoming increasingly popular as a method for agile software deployment, current techniques for preparing containers add unnecessary bloat into them: they often include unneeded files that increase the container size by several orders of magnitude. This not only leads to storage and network transfer issues but also security concerns. The problem is well-recognized but available solutions are mostly ad-hoc and not largely deployed.
Porous Silicon—A Versatile Host Material (2010)

This work reviews the use of porous silicon (PS) as a nanomaterial which is extensively investigated and utilized for various applications, e.g., in the fields of optics, sensor technology and biomedicine. Furthermore the combination of PS with one or more materials which are also nanostructured due to their deposition within the porous matrix is discussed. Such nanocompounds offer a broad avenue of new and interesting properties depending on the kind of involved materials as well as on their morphology. The filling of the pores performed by electroless or electrochemical deposition is described, whereas different morphologies, reaching from micro- to macro pores are utilized as host material which can be self-organized or fabricated by prestructuring. For metal-deposition within the porous structures, both ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metals are used. Emphasis will be put on self-arranged mesoporous silicon, offering a quasi-regular pore arrangement, employed as template for filling with ferromagnetic metals. By varying the deposition parameters the precipitation of the metal structures within the pores can be tuned in geometry and spatial distribution leading to samples with desired magnetic properties. The correlation between morphology and magnetic behaviour of such semiconducting/magnetic systems will be determined. Porous silicon and its combination with a variety of filling materials leads to nanocomposites with specific physical properties caused by the nanometric size and give rise to a multiplicity of potential applications in spintronics, magnetic and magneto-optic devices, nutritional food additives as well as drug delivery.
Accuracy of optical frequency comb generators and optical frequency interval divider chains (1998)

We compared two methods for measuring large optical frequency differences: an optical frequency comb generator, which creates a large number of sidebands from a single-mode laser through electro-optic modulation, and an optical frequency interval divider chain, which divides a frequency gap successively by two until it becomes accessible to a radio-frequency counter. By locking two diode lasers to two modulation sidebands of a comb generator, ~1 THz apart, and measuring this interval with a chain of four phase-locked interval dividers, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the accuracy of both techniques within an experimental limit of 6.8 x 10(-15).
Highly sensitive coherent detection of terahertz waves at room temperature using a parametric process (2008)

We report the experimental results of coherent detection of narrow-linewidth nanosecond terahertz radiation at room temperature using frequency conversion in a nonlinear MgO:LiNbO3 crystal. Mixing the terahertz radiation with a near-infrared intense pump pulse results in the excitation and amplification of the difference-frequency component, which is detected with an InGaAs-based photodiode. We demonstrate this method in a fast and very sensitive terahertz wave detector. The detector is capable of capturing the temporal profile of terahertz pulses with nanosecond resolution, and is at least one order more sensitive than a typical liquid-He-cooled Si bolometer for detecting nanosecond pulsed terahertz wave beams.
Noradrenergic Pharmacotherapy, Intracerebral Infusion andAdrenal Transplantation Promote Functional Recovery After Cortical Damage (1993)

The research described in this review briefly summarizes evidence that short term pharmacological enhancement of noradrenergic (NA) synaptic activity, combined with symptom relevant experience (SRE), promotes functional recovery of some symptoms of cortical damage in rat, cat and human beings even when treatment is initiated from days to weeks after injury. A summary is provided of the numerous drugs tested in rodent cortical injury models which have been proven useful for predicting beneficial or harmful effects on behavioral outcome in human stroke. The pattern of drug effects indicates a central role for NA in functional recovery. Additionally, studies of the effects of direct intraventricular infusion of monoamine neurotransmitters are reviewed and further support the hypothesized role of NA in recovery from some symptoms of cortical injury. The site of NA/SRE interaction to promote recovery from hemiplegia apparently involves the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the cortical injury. Microinfusions of NA into the contra- but not ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere dramatically enhance recovery. Furthermore, like its systemic action, microinfusion of the alpha 1-NA receptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, reinstates hemiplegia. A "permanent" symptom of motor cortex injury in the cat is the complete loss of tactile placing contralateral to the injury which does not spontaneously recover for as long as seven years after ablation. This postural reflex is temporarily restored for 8-12 hours following amphetamine administration. However, this permanently lost reflex can be enduringly restored by transplanting catecholamine secreting adrenal tissue into the wound cavity. The experiment is reviewed in detail and involves chromaffin cell autografts into the frontal cortex ablation wound cavity producing a restoration of tactile placing for the 7-10 month duration of the study. This enduring restoration of tactile placing is considered a result of the release of catecholamines into the CNS from the grafted chromaffin cells found, by histochemical methods, surviving 7-10 months after transplant. Lastly, we attribute these delayed treatment effects to an attenuation of a diaschisis, or remote functional depression, in morphologically intact areas anatomically connected to the area of injury. The widespread reduction of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, produced by focal cortical injury, is normalized by the same treatment which alleviates symptoms and is worsened by drugs which exacerbate deficits. These data support the hypothesis that providing SRE during a period of enhanced NA synaptic activity produces an enduring functional recovery after cortical injury by attenuating remote functional depression. This treatment for enhancing recovery is especially attractive since it is effective even when begun weeks after cortical damage.
Longitudinal discharge XeCl excimer laser with automatic UV preionization (1987)

A longitudinal discharge XeCl 308-nm excimer laser operated with automatic spark UV preionization is reported. Laser oscillation has been obtained using a four-segmented longitudinal discharge tube of 260 mm length and 4 mm inner diameter and employing a capacitor transfer circuit with commercially available doorknob ceramic capacitors. Spark UV preionization has been found to increase the laser output energy.