gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airway reflux as a cause of respiratory disease (2013)

Summary Reflux is the cause of much respiratory disease. More commonly still, it is the unrecognised agent provoking the symptoms of respiratory disease. That the reflux entering the airways from the gastrointestinal tract is central to the diagnosis, therapy and understanding of respiratory pathology has been missed because the paradigm of peptic disease has been applied. Airway reflux is however unlike gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). GORD is liquid acid reflux causing heartburn and indigestion. Airway reflux consists of a mainly gaseous non-acid mist which, when deposited in the upper and lower airways leads to inflammation, fibrosis, bronchoconstriction and cough. Here, the hypothesis that airway reflux is responsible for chronic “idiopathic” cough, late onset asthma, exacerbations of COPD, ‘idiopathic’ pulmonary fibrosis and even the lung disease of cystic fibrosis is outlined. The exclusive focus of clinicians on the extrinsic origins of these conditions and the rejection of an obvious intrinsic aetiology causes millions of patients to be denied an explanation for their symptoms and simple, effective, treatments. In many cases idiopathic should be no longer considered idiopathic.
Diffusion of Si atoms and thin film deposition in a silane-argon plasma (1982)

Time dependences of the Si atom density in a pulsed RF discharge in a mixture of 5% silane and 95% argon have been investigated by absorption spectroscopy. Decay of the Si atom density in afterglow was exponential in a low power and low flow rate limit. The time constant of the decay was proportional to the gas pressure in the measured range of 0.2 to 2 Torr. This relation yields the diffusion coefficient of Si atoms in the mixture to be 1.5*1019 cm-1 s-1 at unit gas density and at 300K. From the diffusion coefficient and the absolute density of Si atoms in the plasma the deposition rate is calculated with the mass density of the deposited film measured by a combination of a multiple beam interferometry and an oscillating quartz microbalance technique. The calculated value is smaller than the measured one by about 30%. The difference is attributed to the deposition of other radicals produced in the plasma.
MicroRNA: Function, Detection, and Bioanalysis (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMicroRNA: Function, Detection, and BioanalysisHaifeng Dong†, Jianping Lei‡, Lin Ding‡, Yongqiang Wen†, Huangxian Ju*‡, and Xueji Zhang*†View Author Information† Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China‡ State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China*E-mail: [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (X.Z.). Phone/fax: +86-25-83593593 (H.J.); +86 10 82376993 (X.Z.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 8, 6207–6233Publication Date (Web):May 22, 2013Publication History Received2 September 2012Published online22 May 2013Published inissue 14 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300362fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300362freview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19218Altmetric-Citations973LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Cancer,Cells,Genetics,Probes Get e-Alerts
Translation elongation and mRNA stability are coupled through the ribosomal A-site (2018)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation plays a critical role in regulating transcript levels in eukaryotic cells. Previous work by us and others has shown that codon identity exerts a powerful influence on mRNA stability. In <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, studies using a handful of reporter mRNAs show that optimal codons increase translation elongation rate, which in turn increases mRNA stability. However, a direct relationship between elongation rate and mRNA stability has not been established across the entire yeast transcriptome. In addition, there is evidence from work in higher eukaryotes that amino acid identity influences mRNA stability, raising the question as to whether the impact of translation elongation on mRNA decay is at the level of tRNA decoding, amino acid incorporation, or some combination of each. To address these questions, we performed ribosome profiling of wild-type yeast. In good agreement with other studies, our data showed faster codon-specific elongation over optimal codons and faster transcript-level elongation correlating with transcript optimality. At both the codon-level and transcript-level, faster elongation correlated with increased mRNA stability. These findings were reinforced by showing increased translation efficiency and kinetics for a panel of 11 <i>HIS3</i> reporter mRNAs of increasing codon optimality. While we did observe that elongation measured by ribosome profiling is composed of both amino acid identity and synonymous codon effects, further analyses of these data establish that A-site tRNA decoding rather than other steps of translation elongation is driving mRNA decay in yeast.
Modulation of the murine immune response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate by immunization with monoclonal anti-idiotope. (1987)

Using monoclonal anti-idiotopes with previously defined specificities for the variable (V) domain of HGAC 39, a monoclonal antibody against streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC), we have studied the effect of anti-idiotope on an anticarbohydrate immune response. Anti-IdI-3a and anti-IdI-3b are anti-idiotopes which recognize binding site-associated determinants, whereas anti-IdX recognizes a framework-associated determinant on the HGAC 39 V kappa domain. Each of three anti-idiotopes elicited a specific idiotope response, as measured by inhibition radioimmunoassay, in A/J and C57BL/6J mice. A single immunization with conjugated anti-IdI-3a elicited an idiotope(+), GAC-binding(+) response in C57BL/6J and (BALB/c X CBA/N)F1 male mice, but not in A/J or (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male, X-linked immunodeficient mice. When C57BL/6J mice immunized initially with anti-idiotope were further treated with group A vaccine, those receiving anti-IdX had the greatest increase in anti-GAC activity. Stimulation of an anticarbohydrate response with anti-idiotope may therefore be enhanced by selecting anti-idiotopes against both binding site- and framework-associated determinants.
Using Speakers' Referential Intentions to Model Early Cross-Situational Word Learning (2009)

Word learning is a "chicken and egg" problem. If a child could understand speakers' utterances, it would be easy to learn the meanings of individual words, and once a child knows what many words mean, it is easy to infer speakers' intended meanings. To the beginning learner, however, both individual word meanings and speakers' intentions are unknown. We describe a computational model of word learning that solves these two inference problems in parallel, rather than relying exclusively on either the inferred meanings of utterances or cross-situational word-meaning associations. We tested our model using annotated corpus data and found that it inferred pairings between words and object concepts with higher precision than comparison models. Moreover, as the result of making probabilistic inferences about speakers' intentions, our model explains a variety of behavioral phenomena described in the word-learning literature. These phenomena include mutual exclusivity, one-trial learning, cross-situational learning, the role of words in object individuation, and the use of inferred intentions to disambiguate reference.
Liver NK1.1+ CD4+ αβ T cells activated by IL-12 as a major effector in inhibition of experimental tumor metastasis (1996)

We demonstrate herein evidence that IL-12-activated alpha beta T cells with intermediate TCR (NK1+ TCRint cells) in the liver inhibit metastases in the lung as well as in the liver metastases of i-v. injected tumors. IL-12 administration enhanced NK1 expression of NK1+ TCRint cells (NK1high) and increased CD4 weakly positive (CD4low) TCRint cells, while both CD4+ TCRint cells and double-negative TCRint cells were proportionally diminished. Accordingly, the major parts of NK1high TCRint cells are CD4low cells, and most of these cells are V beta 8+ cells. The cytotoxic assays of IL-12-stimulated hepatic mononuclear cells after treatment with respective Abs and complement in vitro and after sorting revealed that CD4low NK1high TCRint cells are cytotoxic effectors. When IL-12-stimulated hepatic mononuclear cells (but not splenocytes) were transferred into tumor-preinjected mice, EL-4 cell metastases in the liver as well as 3LL cell metastases in the lung were inhibited. The antimetastasis of hepatic mononuclear cells transfer was abrogated by the depletion of NK1+ cells, CD3+ cells, or CD4+ cells but not CD8+ cells before transfer. Moreover, transfer of these cells of nude mice into tumor-preinjected mice also inhibited metastases in both organs. Although NK1+ TCRint cells are nearly absent in the hepatic vein blood, a significant proportion of NK1high TCRint cells appeared by IL-12 administration. These results demonstrate that IL-12-stimulated liver NK1high TCRint cells, including extrathymic ones, are major effectors against tumor metastasis and suggest that the cells migrate and inhibit lung metastases.
Metaphor and Thought (1979)

Preface to first edition Preface List of contributors 1. Metaphor, language and thought ANDREW ORTONY Part I. Metaphor and Meaning: 2. More about metaphor Max Black Figurative speech and linguistics Jerrold M. Saddock The semantics of metaphor L. Jonathan Cohen Some problems with the notion of literal meanings David E. Rumelhart Metaphor John R. Searle Language, concepts, and worlds: Three domains of metaphor Samuel R. Levin Observations on the pragmatics of metaphor Jerry L. Morgan Part II. Metaphor and Representation: Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy Donald A. Schon The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language Michael J. Reddy The contemporary theory of metaphor George Lakoff Process and products in making sense of tropes Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr Metaphor, induction, and social policy: The Convergence of macroscopic and microscopic views Robert J. Sternberg, Roger Tourangeau, and Georgia Part III. Metaphor and Understanding: Psychological processes in metaphor comprehension and memory Allan Paivio and Mary Walsh The interpretation of novel metaphors Bruce Fraser The role of similarity in similes and metaphors Andrew Ortony Images and models, Similes and Metaphors George A. Miller How Metaphors Work Sam Glucksberg and Boaz Keysar Metaphor and irony: two levels of understanding Ellen Winner and Howard Gardner Part IV. Metaphor and Science: The shift from metaphor to analogy in western science Dedre Gentner and Michael Jeziorski Metaphor and theory change: What is 'metaphor' a metaphor for? Richard Boyd Metaphor in science Thomas S. Kuhn Metaphorical imprecision and the 'top-down' research strategy Zenon W. Pylyshyn Part V. Metaphor and Education: The instructive metaphor: metaphoric aids to students' understanding of science Richard E. Mayer Metaphor and learning Hugh G. Petrie and Rebecca S. Oshlag Learning without metaphor Thomas F. Green Educational uses of metaphor Thomas G. Sticht References Index.
HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR ABSORBER COATINGS. (1963)

The object of this project was to develop a solar absorber coating stable up to 1000 C in a vacuum of 2 times 10 to the -5th power torr with a solar absorptance of 0.9 and an emittance of 0.1 at 1000 C. Of the three techniques investigated -multiple metal and dielectric interference film systems, multiple dielectric thin film infrared reflector systems, and selective blacks -- the interference system demonstrated the most promise. A coating consisting of multiple layers of Al2O3 and molybdenum on a molybdenum substrate gave a solar absorptance of 0.83 and an emittance of 0.11 at 1000 F. The selective black, beryllium + 1% copper alloy anodized in sodium hydroxide, produced a very hard and durable coating with a solar absorptance of 0.94 at room temperature and a solar absorptance of 0.87 with an emittance of 0.30 at 1000 F. (Author)
Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra and Optimisation (1989)

The purpose of this book is to give a thorough introduction to the most commonly used methods of numerical linear algebra and optimisation. The prerequisites are some familiarity with the basic properties of matrices, finite-dimensional vector spaces, advanced calculus, and some elementary notations from functional analysis. The book is in two parts. The first deals with numerical linear algebra (review of matrix theory, direct and iterative methods for solving linear systems, calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors) and the second, optimisation (general algorithms, linear and nonlinear programming). The author has based the book on courses taught for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students and the result is a well-organised and lucid exposition. Summaries of basic mathematics are provided, proofs of theorems are complete yet kept as simple as possible, and applications from physics and mechanics are discussed. Professor Ciarlet has also helpfully provided over 40 line diagrams, a great many applications, and a useful guide to further reading. This excellent textbook, which is translated and revised from the very successful French edition, will be of great value to students of numerical analysis, applied mathematics and engineering.
Promising one-time signature schemes (survey) (2010)

In this paper we describe several one-time signatures and show, by the use of the Merkle tree, that we are able to verify several one-time signatures with one public key. One-time signatures have been the subject of increased attention recently because they have fast verification, their security doesn't rely on number theoretic assumptions, and they appear to resist quantum computing attacks.
Enhancing Face Identification Using Local Binary Patterns and K-Nearest Neighbors (2017)

The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people’s identity. Using the human face as a key to security, biometric passwords technology has received significant attention in the past several years due to its potential for a wide variety of applications. Faces can have many variations in appearance (aging, facial expression, illumination, inaccurate alignment and pose) which continue to cause poor ability to recognize identity. The purpose of our research work is to provide an approach that contributes to resolve face identification issues with large variations of parameters such as pose, illumination, and expression. For provable outcomes, we combined two algorithms: (a) robustness local binary pattern (LBP), used for facial feature extractions; (b) k-nearest neighbor (K-NN) for image classifications. Our experiment has been conducted on the CMU PIE (Carnegie Mellon University Pose, Illumination, and Expression) face database and the LFW (Labeled Faces in the Wild) dataset. The proposed identification system shows higher performance, and also provides successful face similarity measures focus on feature extractions.
A Prodrug Form of a <i>Plasmodium falciparum </i>Glutathione Reductase Inhibitor Conjugated with a 4-Anilinoquinoline (2001)

Glutathione (GSH), which is known to guard Plasmodium falciparum from oxidative damage, may have an additional protective role by promoting heme catabolism. An elevation of GSH content in parasites leads to increased resistance to chloroquine (CQ), while GSH depletion in resistant P. falciparum strains is expected to restore the sensitivity to CQ. High intracellular GSH levels depend inter alia on the efficient reduction of GSSG by glutathione reductase (GR). On the basis of this hypothesis, we have developed a new strategy for overcoming glutathione-dependent 4-aminoquinoline resistance. To direct both a 4-aminoquinoline and a GR inhibitor to the parasite, double-drugs were designed and synthesized. Quinoline-based alcohols (with known antimalarial activity) were combined with a GR inhibitor via a metabolically labile ester bond to give double-headed prodrugs. The biochemically most active double-drug 7 of this series was then evaluated as a growth inhibitor against six Plasmodium falciparum strains that differed in their degree of resistance to CQ; the ED(50) values for CQ ranged from 14 to 183 nM. While the inhibitory activity of the original 4-aminoquinoline-based alcohol followed that of CQ in these tests, the double-drug exhibited similar efficiency against all strains, the ED(50) being as low as 28 nM. For the ester 7, a dose-dependent decrease in glutathione content and GR activity and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity were determined in treated parasites. The drug was subsequently tested for its antimalarial action in vivo using murine malaria models infected with P. berghei. A 178% excess mean survival time was determined for the animals treated with 40 mg/kg 7 for 4 days. No cytotoxicity due to this compound was observed. Work is in progress to extend and validate the strategy outlined here.
Highly Reactive Multilayer‐Assembled TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating on Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers (2008)

Highly efficient photocatalytically active TiO2-coated polymer fibers are prepared using a facile and universal method involving layer-by-layer assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles and POSS molecules on various electrospun fibers. The TiO2-coated fibers display excellent photocatalytic properties in degradation of allyl alcohol under UV illumination, without degradation of substrates.
Impact of Universal Bilirubin Screening on Severe Hyperbilirubinemia and Phototherapy Use (2009)

Universal bilirubin screening was associated with a significantly lower incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia but also with increased phototherapy use.
Speech Enhancement using Adaptive Empirical Mode Decomposition (2009)

Speech enhancement is performed in a wide and varied range of instruments and systems. In this paper, a novel approach to speech enhancement using adaptive empirical mode decomposition (SEAEMD) is presented. Spectral analysis of non-stationary signals can be performed by employing techniques such as the STFT and the Wavelet transform (WT), which use predefined basis functions. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) performs very well in such environments. EMD decomposes a signal into a finite number of data-adaptive basis functions, called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The new SEAEMD system incorporates this multi-resolution approach with adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) for effective speech enhancement on an IMF level, in stationary and non-stationary noise environments. A comparative performance study is included that compares the competitive method of conventional ANC to the robust SEAEMD system. The results demonstrate that the new system achieves significantly improved speech quality with a lower level of residual noise.
Synthesis of perfluorotetraalkyl orthocarbonates using elemental fluorine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of perfluorotetraalkyl orthocarbonates using elemental fluorineWen Huey Lin, Wayne D. Clark, and Richard J. LagowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 8, 1990–1992Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00269a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Ketorolac and Fentanyl During Outpatient Gynecologic Surgery (1993)

In healthy outpatients undergoing minor gynecologic surgery, the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac was compared to fentanyl and to a combination of the two analgesics. One hundred and nine patients were randomly selected to receive fentanyl 50-100 micrograms, ketorolac 30-60 mg, or a combination of fentanyl 50-100 micrograms and ketorolac 30-60 mg, intravenously (IV). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg IV and propofol 1 mg/kg, IV, and maintained with propofol, 50-160 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, IV, and nitrous oxide 67% in oxygen via a face mask. Intraoperative anesthetic conditions, recovery times, and postoperative pain and side effects were evaluated. In the ketorolac group, 75% of patients required supplemental fentanyl intraoperatively (mean dose +/- SD, 47 +/- 54 micrograms), compared to only 19% (13 +/- 30 micrograms) and 18% (6 +/- 15 micrograms) of patients in the fentanyl and combination groups, respectively. In the ketorolac group, 74% of patients moved in response to surgical stimulation compared to only 16% and 19% of patients in the fentanyl and combination groups, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in intraoperative mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin values among the three treatment groups, the ketorolac group manifested significantly more rapid respiratory rates throughout the procedure compared with the fentanyl and combination groups. Recovery times, postoperative side effects, and pain scores, as well as postoperative analgesic and antiemetic requirements, were similar in all three treatment groups. However, the ketorolac group reported significantly higher pain scores in the early postoperative period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)