gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Studies on One‐Year Treatment of Non‐Diabetic and Streptozotocin‐Diabetic Rats with Vanadyl Sulphate (1994)

Streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic rats were given vanadyl sulphate in drinking water at concentrations of 0.5-1.5 mg/ml for one year. It was found that vanadyl treatment did not produce persistent changes in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and urea, specific morphological abnormalities in the brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, adrenal, or testis, or abnormal organ weight/body weight ratio for these organs in either non-diabetic or diabetic animals. Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of the occurrence of urinary stones in non-diabetic rats. In diabetic animals vanadyl treatment significantly reduced the mortality rate and prevented the elevation of plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and urea, the increases in organ size, and the occurrence of megacolon but did not affect the development of renal and testicular tumours. Plasma and tissue concentrations of vanadium were determined and found to have the following order of distribution: bone > kidney > testis > liver > pancreas > plasma > brain. Vanadium was retained in these organs at 16 weeks following vanadyl withdrawal while the plasma levels were beneath detection limits. It is concluded that vanadyl sulphate at antidiabetic doses is not significantly toxic to rats following a one-year administration in drinking water, but vanadium may be retained in various organs for months after cessation of treatment.
Several distinct localization patterns for penicillin‐binding proteins in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2003)

Summary Bacterial cell shape is determined by a rigid external cell wall. In most non‐coccoid bacteria, this shape is also determined by an internal cytoskeleton formed by the actin homologues MreB and/or Mbl. To gain further insights into the topological control of cell wall synthesis in bacteria, we have constructed green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to all 11 penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs) expressed during vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis . The localization of these fusions was studied in a wild‐type background as well as in strains deficient in FtsZ, MreB or Mbl. PBP3 and PBP4a localized specifically to the lateral wall, in distinct foci, whereas PBP1 and PBP2b localized specifically to the septum. All other PBPs localized to both the septum and the lateral cell wall, sometimes with irregular distribution along the lateral wall or a preference for the septum. This suggests that cell wall synthesis is not dispersed but occurs at specific places along the lateral cell wall. The results implicate PBP3, PBP5 and PBP4a, and possibly PBP4, in lateral wall growth. Localization of PBPs to the septum was found to be dependent on FtsZ, but the GFP–PBP fluorescence patterns were not detectably altered in the absence of MreB or Mbl.
Magnetic field stabilizer for NMR imaging systems with resistive magnets (1987)

The NMR stabilizer has been constructed for the purpose of magnetic field stabilization. The error signal for field correction is derived from the 1H resonance of pure H2O. A NMR transducer, operating in the pulse mode with time multiplexing, is connected to the transmit–receive radio frequency stage and yields information about the magnetic induction changes in the frequency form which is compared with the reference frequency. The frequency deviation is evaluated as a voltage that controls the power supply of the electromagnet coil. The stability achieved was slightly better than ±1 ppm.
Identification of the genes encoding enzymes involved in the early biosynthetic pathway of pteridines in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (1999)

The biosynthetic pathway for the pteridine moiety of cyanopterine, as well as tetrahydrobiopterine, has been investigated in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Open reading frames slr0426, slr1626, slr0078 and sll0330 of the organism putatively encoding GTP cyclohydrolase I, dihydroneopterine aldolase, 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterine synthase and sepiapterine reductase, respectively, have been cloned into T7-based vectors for expression in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins have been purified to homogeneity and demonstrated to possess expected genuine activities except that of sll0330. Our result is the first direct evidence for the functional assignment of the open reading frames in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Furthermore, the 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterine synthase gene is demonstrated for the first time in prokaryotes. Based on the result, biosynthesis of cyanopterine is discussed.
Multiwavelength cross-connect technology (1997)

Summary form only given. Wavelength add-drop multiplexers and cross-connects are being constructed in Lucent Technologies for the Multiwavelength Optical Networking (MONET) program Washington D.C. network. Architecture functional entities of a wavelength selective cross-connect include multiwavelength and single wavelength interfaces, switch fabric, optical signal monitoring, optical interconnects, and network control and management interface. The purpose of this paper is to review the wavelength selective cross-connect systems from architecture and design considerations.
A Catalytic Enantioselective Approach to Chromans and Chromanols. A Total Synthesis of (−)-Calanolides A and B and the Vitamin E Nucleus (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Catalytic Enantioselective Approach to Chromans and Chromanols. A Total Synthesis of (−)-Calanolides A and B and the Vitamin E NucleusBarry M. Trost and F. Dean TosteView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 35, 9074–9075Publication Date (Web):August 21, 1998Publication History Received6 April 1998Published online21 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981142khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981142krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3542Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Photochemical Desulfurization and Denitrogenation Process for Vacuum Gas Oil Using an Organic Two-Phase Extraction System (2000)

The simultaneous removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds from vacuum gas oil (VGO), based on the combination of UV irradiation and liquid−liquid extraction using an oil/acetonitrile two-phase system, has been investigated. Detailed desulfurization and denitrogenation reactivities for the various compounds in VGO have also been studied by means of field ionization mass spectrometry (FI-MS) and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED), respectively. When VGO and acetonitrile are mixed and photoirradiated, the sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the VGO are distributed into the acetonitrile phase and photodecomposed there to form highly polarized compounds, which do not distribute into the lower-polarity VGO. The successive removal of these compounds from VGO to acetonitrile can therefore be carried out under moderate conditions, such that the sulfur and nitrogen contents for the VGO are decreased simultaneously to less than 1% of the feed values. FI-MS and GC-AED analyses reveal that dinaphthothiophenes, tetrahydrodinaphthothiophenes, tetrahydrodibenzothiophenes, and carbazoles, having large carbon numbers of the alkyl substituents, are the most difficult compounds to remove by the present photochemical organic two-phase extraction process. The removal efficiencies for sulfur and nitrogen compounds obtained from VGO were compared with the results obtained for light oil feedstocks, and the applicability of the present process to the refining of VGO was examined. From a consideration of the above results, a fully organized overall refining process for petroleum-derived middle and heavy feedstocks has been developed.
Confirmation of the papillomavirus etiology of condylomatous cervix lesions by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. (1981)

The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique with the use of paraffin sections of 67 cervical biopsy specimens and an antiserum cross-reactive with all papillomaviruses provided immunologic confirmation for the observation that papillomavirus infection of the cervix is not uncommon and that it most often presents as a flat, colposcopically unremarkable lesion. Papillomavirus antigen was detected in 21 or 35 condylomata of the cervix. Antigen-positive nuclei were found in the upper layers of the epithelium. Electron-microscopic examination of five reprocessed antigen-positive sections revealed, in each instance, papillomavirus particles in the nuclei of the most superficial layers of the condylomatous epithelium. The viral antigen was not detected in dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma.
The Transaction Internet Protocol in practice: reliability for WWW applications (2003)

One of the most interesting domains of future Internet applications will be located in the area of electronic commerce, where online products and services are offered. Products of value are accounted by monetary transactions, involving a bank or credit card service to handle the electronic cash flow. To achieve a reliable and consistent flow of information in these applications, the concept of transactions has been proven to be the right choice. With the standardization of Transaction Internet Protocol (TIP) there is now a protocol available for the synchronization of distributed Internet applications dealing with transactions. We give a detailed overview of TIP and how it can be integrated in electronic commerce applications on the WWW. We have implemented the current version of TIP (3.0) in Java. Based on this TIP implementation we developed an electronic shopping mall application for the usage in the WWW.
Site-Specific Labeling of Proteins for Single-Molecule FRET Measurements Using Genetically Encoded Ketone Functionalities (2011)

Studies of protein structure and function using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) benefit dramatically from the ability to site-specifically label proteins with small fluorescent dyes. Genetically encoding the unnatural amino acid (UAA) p-acetylphenylalanine is an efficient way to introduce commercially available fluorescent tags with high yield and specificity. This protocol describes the expression in Escherichia coli of proteins containing this UAA in response to the amber stop codon TAG. Proteins were purified with high yield and subsequently labeled with the hydroxylamine derivative of Alexa Fluor® 488 functioning as a fluorescent donor dye. The proteins were then labeled via maleimide coupling chemistry at a unique cysteine with the acceptor dye Alexa Fluor® 594 to yield a dual-labeled protein ready for subsequent smFRET observation.
Metabonomic Assessment of Physiological Disruptions Using <sup>1</sup>H−<sup>13</sup>C HMBC-NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Procedures Performed on Filtered Variables (2002)

Metabonomic characterization of long-lasting although weak physiological events such as anabolic disruptions remains poorly investigated. We have validated 1H-13C HMBC-NMR as a suitable generator of instrumental variables that are strongly linked to the concentration of endogenous metabolites in biological fluids. This method is interfaced to multivariate pattern recognition procedures. Fingerprints established from urine sample collected on cattle treated with anabolic steroids were used to validate this method. Four main results arise from this study. (i) 2D NMR is as informative as 1D NMR. (ii) 2D NMR variable clustering highlights successfully a contingent redundancy of variables, although a relevant hierarchical model of statistical correlations covering from structural relationships to physiologic links can also be evidenced. (iii) To enhance pattern recognition performances, we have validated a variable selection algorithm for accurate prediction of unknown individuals belonging to predetermined groups achieved by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This algorithm synthesizes the whole information contained in the data set by selecting preferentially nonredundant variables. Parameters generating variable subsets are validated by predicted variance efficiency obtained when minimizing error rates calculated by cross-validation methods. (iv) Provided variables are correctly filtered, LDA fairly competes with partial least-squares methods for both classification of individuals and statistical interpretation of metabolic responses obtained in such a physiological disruption context.
<title>Human posture recognition using curved segments for image retrieval</title> (1999)

This paper presents a human posture recognition method form a single image. We first segment an image into homogeneous regions and extract curve segments corresponding to human body parts. Each body part is considered as a 2D ribbon. From the smooth curve segments in skin regions, 2D ribbons are extracted and a human body model is constructed. We assign a predefined posture type to the image according to the constructed body model. For the user input query to retrieve images containing human of specific posture, the system convert the query to a body model. The body model is compared to other body models saved in the local storage of target images and images of good matches are retrieved. When a face detection result is available for the given image, it is also used to increase the reliability of body model. For the query human posture, our system retrieves images of the corresponding posture. As another application, the proposed method provides an initial location of a human body to track in a video sequence.
Molecular-weight estimates of milk-fat-globule-membrane protein–sodium dodecyl sulphate complexes by electrophoresis in gradient acrylamide gels (1974)

The molecular weights of milk-fat-globule-membrane proteins solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulphate were estimated by gradient gel electrophoresis. Standard curves were calibrated from both protein and glycoprotein markers of known molecular weight. Six major proteins were observed with Coomassie Blue staining and six with periodic acid-Schiff staining. The behaviour of the membrane proteins and the marker proteins was compared on several different single strength sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels between 3 and 12% (w/v). The results were used to calculate the free electrophoretic mobility and retardation coefficient of each protein. Glycoprotein markers had a significantly lower mean free electrophoretic-mobility value than the protein markers. Three of the milk-fat-globule-membrane glycoproteins were shown to be independent of any of the Coomassie Blue-stained bands. On the basis of a comparison of the free electrophoretic-mobility and retardation- coefficient values of markers and unknown proteins the most appropriate standard curve for molecular-weight estimation was chosen.
A phenomenological model for the responses of auditory-nerve fibers: I. Nonlinear tuning with compression and suppression (2001)

A phenomenological model was developed to describe responses of high-spontaneous-rate auditory-nerve (AN) fibers, including several nonlinear response properties. Level-dependent gain (compression), bandwidth, and phase properties were implemented with a control path that varied the gain and bandwidth of tuning in the signal-path filter. By making the bandwidth of the control path broad with respect to the signal path, the wide frequency range of two-tone suppression was included. By making the control-path filter level dependent and tuned to a frequency slightly higher than the signal-path filter, other properties of two-tone suppression were also included. These properties included the asymmetrical growth of suppression above and below the characteristic frequency and the frequency offset of the suppression tuning curve with respect to the excitatory tuning curve. The implementation of this model represents a relatively simple phenomenological description of a single mechanism that underlies several important nonlinear response properties of AN fibers. The model provides a tool for studying the roles of these nonlinearities in the encoding of simple and complex sounds in the responses of populations of AN fibers.
Effect of Grain Size on Corrosion: A Review (2010)

Grain refinement is known to lead to improvements in strength and wear resistance. Inherent processing involved in grain refinement alter both the bulk and the surface of a material, leading to changes in grain boundary density, orientation, and residual stress. Ultimately, these surface changes can have an impact on electrochemical behavior and, consequently, corrosion susceptibility as evidenced by the large number of studies on the effect of grain size on corrosion, which span a range of materials and test environments. However, there has been limited work on developing a fundamental understanding of how grain refinement and more generally how grain size affects the corrosion resistance of an alloy. Existing literature is often contradictory, even within the same alloy class, and a coherent understanding of how grain size influences corrosion response is largely lacking. A survey of previous work related to the relationship between grain size and corrosion resistance for a number of light metals (Mg, Al, and Ti) and transition metals (Fe/steel, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) will be presented in this manuscript. A holistic examination of current literature will allow for the identification of a number of critical factors, such as environment, texture, residual stress, and impurity segregation, that need consideration to assess whether or how grain size variation will affect a specific alloy's electrochemical behavior in a specific environment.
Psychophysical measurement on pain perception after administration of a topical anesthetic. (1991)

Topical anesthetics are routinely used to reduce the discomfort that patients perceive during dental injections. The purpose of this investigation was to correlate the expectancy of pain and the effect of pretreatment instructions with the severity of pain perceived upon topical anesthetic use and dental injection. The treatment, topical placebo versus topical anesthetic, was administered in a double-blind manner. Following testing for expectations, the administration of instructions, and placement of the topical, the injection was given. The patients were then asked to rate their injection experience on a posttreatment questionnaire. The results of this investigation reinforce the importance of psychological variables in the mediation of pain perceived during dental procedures.
A wide-band push-pull amplifier upgrades IP2 (2002)

A novel design is described in which Lange coupler baluns, are used in a wideband push-pull amplifier to improve its second-order harmonic intercept point (IP2). Better than 10 dB of IP2 improvement has been demonstrated on a breadboard unit. The approach has potential applications for wideband high-efficiency power GaAs FET amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multi-objective floorplanner for shuttle mask optimization (2004)

Shrinkage of VLSI feature size and use of advanced Reticle Enhancement Technologies (RET) in manufacturing such as OPC and PSM have dramatically pushed up cost of mask.For example of a 130nm or 90nm mask set, the mask cost can easily reach one or two million US dollars.Shuttle mask is an effective method to share the mask cost by putting different chips on the same mask.Shuttle mask floorplanning is a key step to pack these chips according to certain objectives and constraints related to cost, yield, and manufacturability.In this paper, we present a simulated annealing based floorplanner to solve the shuttle mask floorplanning problem with multiple optimization objectives and constraints.We will consider area minimization, density optimization (for manufacturability enhancement with CMP), wafer utilization maximization, die-to-die inspection constraint, die orientation constraint and their combinations.A nice property of our floorplanner is that it can be easily adapted to different cost models of mask and wafer manufacturing.Experiments on industry data show promising results.
A new approach to the determination of microgram quantities of phosphorylating or acylating agents (1957)

B. Saville, Analyst, 1957, 82, 269 DOI: 10.1039/AN9578200269
Generation and Detection of Terahertz Radiation by Field Effect Transistors (2011)

Generation and Detection of Terahertz Radiation by Field Effect Transistors
Enabling software management for multicore caches with a lightweight hardware support (2009)

The management of shared caches in multicore processors is a critical and challenging task. Many hardware and OS-based methods have been proposed. However, they may be hardly adopted in practice due to their non-trivial overheads, high complexities, and/or limited abilities to handle increasingly complicated scenarios of cache contention caused by many-cores.
IIR filters with reduced multipliers using cyclotomic polynomial numerators (1992)

A method to design rotational polynomial efficient infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters with unit circle zeros is presented. The authors employ a prefilter-equalizer method, using cyclotomic polynomial building blocks to form a finite impulser response (FIR) multiplierless prefilter (numerator) to provide stopband attenuation. The linear methods of Jackson and Lemay (1990) are then used to design the all-pole equalizer (denominator) portion of the prefilter-equalizer cascade, such that the passband is equiripple. Examples show that substantial savings in the number of multipliers are achieved when compared to the complexities of minimum-order elliptic filters meeting the same specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Density Arrays of Valves and Interconnects for Liquid Switching (1996)

We describe a process for the fabrication of high-density arrays of valves designed for switching liquids. To make small valves capable of opening and closing large orifices for liquid flow requires a flexible movable membrane. We use silicone rubber, because it is elastomeric, makes good seals, and can be spin-coated. Aow channels are defined by a sacrificial photoresist The behavior of individual valves is mea sured, and a model describing the flow is presented. Valve arrays at densities up to 16 valves/cm2 have been demonstrated.