gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural stability of epitaxial CoSi2/Si (001) interfaces (1991)

Epitaxial films of cobalt silicide grown on (001) Si by molecular beam epitaxy have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Apart from (001) oriented CoSi2 grains, regions of 〈221〉 type orientations were also found. The 〈221〉 oriented domains were found to be associated with pronounced facetted depressions on the (001) Si surface. Empirical observations suggest that the formation of 〈221〉 CoSi2 domains and the formation of other types of silicide stoichiometries may be related. It is demonstrated that these microstructural instabilities may be suppressed by the codeposition of cobalt and silicon rather than simply by depositing cobalt and reacting with the Si substrate to produce (001) CoSi2.
On the nomenclature of the palaemonid names Palaemon spinipes Desmarest, 1817, Palaemon spinipes Schenkel, 1902, and Macrobrachium wallacei Wowor &amp; Ng, 2008 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) (2011)

Holthuis (1995) commented that there were two forms that have been referred to the widespread Indo-West Pacific Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), and they should be recognized as subspecies: M. rosenbergii rosenbergii (De Man, 1897) sensu stricto (eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia and Philippines), and M. rosenbergii dacqueti (Sunier, 1925) (Sundaic Southeast Asia, Indochina and South Asia). Wowor & Ng (2007) argued that the two subspecies should be regarded as distinct species – M. rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) and M. dacqueti (Sunier, 1925). They showed that the two species, in addition to their non-overlapping distributions, can be distinguished by the relative height of the rostral base, spination of the second to fifth pereiopods in adults, shape of the fourth thoracic sternite as well as live coloration. However, in doing so, Wowor & Ng (2007) created a major nomenclatural problem, as the species that is widely fished in South and Southeast Asia as well as Indochina, and also extensively cultured throughout the world should actually be known as M. dacqueti and not M. rosenbergii. To minimize taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion, they noted that it would be preferable if the name “M. rosenbergii” could be retained for the commercially more valuable and extensively researched species from Southeast Asia. To this effect, Wowor & Ng (2008) requested the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to use its plenary powers to set aside the previous type fixation for Palaemon rosenbergii De Man, 1879 (a holotype female from Andai, New Guinea, in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, catalogue number RMNH D 1097) and to designate the lectotype specimen of Palaemon dacqueti Sunier, 1925 (a male specimen from Java, Indonesia, in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, catalogue number RMNH D 1065), as its neotype. This would conserve the name Palaemon rosenbergii De Man, 1879, for the Southeast Asian species. The Commission agreed and ruled that this be done (ICZN 2010, Opinion 2253).
The Alkylation of Benzene with 1,2-Dichloroalkanes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Alkylation of Benzene with 1,2-DichloroalkanesDerek L. RansleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 11, 3595–3599Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01349a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01349a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Freeing vaccine adjuvants from dangerous immunological dogma (2008)

Nikolai Petrovsky Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia Tel.: +61 882 044 572 Fax: +61 882 045 987 nikolai.petrovsky@ flinders.edu.au “...lower reactogenicity has generally come at the expense of reduced vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. The need to enhance the immunogenicity of highly pure subunit vaccines has led to recent resurgence in interest in new adjuvants.”
On Binary Oppositions in Jude the Obscure (2008)

Binary oppositions exist substantially in literary works and binarism has become a very important means in literary criticism. In Jude the Obscure, Hardy employs several pairs of binary oppositions to enhance its artistic values. This thesis starts from the principle of structural linguistics, and by analyzing the various pairs of opposing elements, discloses how the employment of binary oppositions successfully depicts the characters, sharpens the conflicts, uncovers the theme and intensifies the tragedy.
Does the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Depend on the Shape of the Nanoparticle? A Study of the Gram-Negative Bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatment, resulting in cell death. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with a {111} lattice plane as the basal plane displayed the strongest biocidal action, compared with spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles and with Ag(+) (in the form of AgNO(3)). It is proposed that nanoscale size and the presence of a {111} plane combine to promote this biocidal property. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
Element and isotope separation in a vacuum-arc centrifuge (1984)

Centrifugal separation of elements and isotopes in a rotating, magnetized column of highly ionized plasma is described. Such a centrifuge differs from prior plasma centrifuges in that the source of plasma is a laser-initiated vacuum arc, rather than a gas discharge. Detailed measurements are presented of the axial evolution of the radial plasma flux and separation profiles. Centrifugal separation increases rapidly with distance from the cathode plasma source, reaching an asymptotic value about 60 cm downstream. The separation is observed to increase exponentially with the square of the radius. The potential profile across the column was measured and found to be parabolic with radius. These observations are accounted for by a steady-state, multispecies, fluid model of the rotating plasma.
Ion Microprobe Analysers (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTIon Microprobe AnalysersHelmut LieblCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 1, 22A–30APublication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online24 May 2012Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60337a704https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60337a704research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Practical animation of turbulent splashing water (2006)

Despite recent advances in fluid animation, producing small-scale detail of turbulent water still remains challenging. In this paper, we extend the well-accepted particle level set method in an attempt to integrate the dynamic behavior of splashing water easily into a fluid animation system. Massless marker particles that still escape from the main body of water, in spite of the level set correction, are transformed into water particles to represent subcell-level features that are hard to capture with a limited grid resolution. These physical particles are then moved in the air through a particle simulation system that, combined with the level set, creates realistic turbulent splashing. In the rendering stage, the particle's physical properties such as mass and velocity are exploited to generate a natural appearance of water droplets and spray. In order to visualize the hybrid water, represented in both level set and water particles, we also extend a Monte Carlo ray tracer so that the particle agglomerates are smoothed, thickened, if necessary, and rendered efficiently. The effectiveness of the presented technique is demonstrated with several examples of pictures and animations.
Role of oxidative stress in PKC-δ upregulation and cardioprotection induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (2006)

The aim was to determine whether increased oxidative stress during the adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) plays a role in the induction of improved cardiac ischemic tolerance. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to CIH in a hypobaric chamber (7,000 m, 8 h/day, 5 days/wk, 24-30 exposures). Half of the animals received antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 100 mg/kg) daily before the exposure; the remaining rats received saline. Control rats were kept under normoxia and treated in a corresponding manner. One day after the last exposure (and/or NAC injection), anesthetized animals were subject to 20 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion for determination of infarct size. In parallel subgroups, biochemical analyses of the left ventricular myocardium were performed. Adaptation to CIH reduced infarct size from 56.7 +/- 4.5% of the area at risk in the normoxic controls to 27.7 +/- 4.9%. NAC treatment decreased the infarct size in the controls to 42.0 +/- 3.4%, but it abolished the protection provided by CIH (to 41.1 +/- 4.9%). CIH decreased the reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio and increased the relative amount of PKC isoform-delta in the particulate fraction; NAC prevented these effects. The expression of PKC-epsilon was decreased by CIH and not affected by NAC. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were affected by neither CIH nor NAC treatment. It is concluded that oxidative stress associated with CIH plays a role in the development of increased cardiac ischemic tolerance. The infarct size-limiting mechanism of CIH seems to involve the PKC-delta-dependent pathway but apparently not the increased capacity of major antioxidant enzymes.
Neutron measurements on an epitaxial thin film of YBaCuO (1991)

We report evidence for an ordered flux line lattice in a 2-μm epitaxial film of YBaCuO from both neutron depolarization and diffraction measurements. Depolarization occurred when field cooling was done normal to the film plane but not within it; this is consistent with frozen-in vortices. Evidence for ordering of the flux lines comes from intensity maxima observed in difference patterns between field cooled and zero field cooled conditions.
Small Intestinal Amyloidosis: A Rare Cause of Diverticular Disease (2014)

Systemic amyloidosis frequently involves the small intestine. However, its association with diverticular disease has been seldom reported to date. To draw attention to this rare but potentially harmful association, we herein present an additional case of small bowel diverticular disease associated with amyloidosis.
MicroRNA-130a Represses Transcriptional Activity of Aquaporin 4 M1 Promoter (2012)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channels ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. They play prominent roles in maintaining cellular fluid balance. Although expression of AQP1, -3, -4, -5, -8, -9, and -11 has been reported in the central nervous system, it is AQP4 that is predominately expressed. Its importance in fluid regulation in cerebral edema conditions has been highlighted in several studies, and we have also shown that translational regulation of AQP4 by miR-320a could prove to be useful in infarct volume reduction in middle cerebral artery occluded rat brain. There is evidence for the existence of two AQP4 transcripts (M1 and M23) in the brain arising from two alternative promoters. Because the AQP4 M1 isoform exhibits greater water permeability, in this study, we explored the possibility of microRNA-based transcriptional regulation of the AQP4 M1 promoter. Using RegRNA software, we identified 34 microRNAs predicted to target the AQP4 M1 promoter region. MicroRNA profiling, quantitative stem-loop PCR, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-130a, -152, -668, -939, and -1280, which were highly expressed in astrocytes, could regulate the promoter activity. Of these, miR-130a was identified as a strong transcriptional repressor of the AQP4 M1 isoform. In vivo studies revealed that LNA(TM) anti-miR-130a could up-regulate the AQP4 M1 transcript and its protein to bring about a reduction in cerebral infarct and promote recovery.
Traveling wave tub re-entrant amplifier serrodyne system (1964)

Communication satellite transponders can be simplified by using a traveling wave tube (TWT) in a re-entrant mode for frequency conversion and amplification.Frequency conversion can be accomplished either by use of a crystal RF mixing scheme in the re-entrant loop o r by serrodyning the TWT.The crystal mixing method is straight forward for a 2kMc conversion whereas the serrodyning tech nique is not.A serrodyned TWT system would eliminate the losses associated with crystal mixing as well as one of the rejection filters in the re-entrant loop; however, serrodyning with linear amplification has only been accomplished at fre quencies up to 28Mc.In serrodyning, the TWT helix is modulated with a linear sawtooth, adjusted to deviate the phase (tube transit time delay) 2Nn radians, so that all but one of the first sidebands a r e suppressed and displaced by N times the fundamental modulating frequency.The upper limitation on the serrodyne fre quency, linearity and intermodulation distortion is controlled (1) by the inherent TWT characteristics, namely the helix, and (2) by the sawtooth generator, namely the flyback time.The rejection of the re-entrant loop band pass filters establishes the requiredTWT rejection characteristics and vice versa.The loop gain should be less than one.The rejection of the filters should be at least -3Odb.The Q of the rejection filters is inversely proportional to the bandwidth and the skirt-bandwidth should be no more than twice the information bandwidth.The stability of the TWT re-entrant serrodyne system is also governed by the power supply versus the TWT characteristics.The noise figure for the re-entrant TWT can be obtained by con sidering the re-entrant loop as a system of two cascaded amplifiers with filters interposed between, which are dependent upon the input power levels and filter in sertion loss.Manufacturers of both TWTPsand filters conjecture that the state-of the-arts can be advanced to result in a practical TWT re-entrant system.
Optimal Design and Acoustic Assessment of Swept-tip Helicopter Rotor Blades (2012)

An optimization procedure for the design of helicopter rotors that generate reduced vibratory hub loads is presented. Blade shape and structural properties are the parameters examined by a binary genetic optimization algorithm, under aeroelastic stability constraint. The optimization process applies a rotor aeroelastic tool based on a nonlinear, beam-like model, suited for the analysis of blades with curved elastic axis (sweep/anhedral tip angles included). Further, the aeroacoustic assessment of the identified optimal rotor configuration is accomplished in order to examine its performance in terms of noise field emitted. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to identify low vibratory hub loads rotor blades, as well as, to assess the robustness of solution at off-design operating conditions.
Composition of the Essential Oil from the Bark of<i>Fagara macrophylla</i> (1998)

Abstract The chemical composition of the bark oil obtained from Fagara macrophylla collected in Guinea, was determined by GC and GC/MS. Fourteen components were detected, mainly sesquiterpenes. Germacrene B (23.5%), methyl linoleate (8.3%), γ-elemene (5.4%) and germacrone (4.5%) were identified as major constituents.
ABLATION OF THE COAGULATING GLAND AND SUBSEQUENT BREEDING IN THE ALBINO RAT (1964)

It has been known for many years that in certain animals, particularly rodents, a firm coagulated mass forms in the vagina after copulation. It was called a vaginal plug or copulation plug by Moore & Gallagher (1930) who described the anterior lobes of the prostate as the source of the coagulating enzyme and called these `coagulating glands'. This anterior portion differs physiologically and histologically from the middle and posterior lobes. In the albino rat the coagulating glands lie on the margins of the seminal vesicles, extending from their extremity to the base near the prostate. Scott & Dziuk (1959) concluded that the coagulating gland in the albino rat was a major obstacle to electro-ejaculation since the plug blocked the urethra and caused death from uraemic poisoning. These authors removed the seminal vesicles and the
An auto-tuning method for focusing and astigmatism correction in HAADF-STEM, based on the image contrast transfer function (2001)

An auto-tuning method for high-angle annular detector dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) is proposed which corrects the defocus to the optimum Scherzer focus and compensates the astigmatism. Because the method is based on the image contrast transfer function formulated for the HAADF-STEM, the defocus and the astigmatism are accurately measured from input of two different defocus images. The method is designed to work independent of object function in the linear imaging model by analysing the spectral ratio between two Fourier spectra of their images, which is useful for cases where the spectrum of object function is not uniformly spread out over the reciprocal space. The method was preliminarily tested in a Hitachi HD-2000 STEM, and successful results of the auto-tunings from the viewpoint of verification of the algorithm were obtained using general specimens of Au fine particles and a thin section of a semiconductor device.
Electrical Resistivity of Carbon-Carbon Composites, (1988)

Abstract : A simple four-point method for measuring the resistivity of carbon-carbon composite billets was developed. Measurements compare favorably with previously published results. Keywords: Carbon carbon composites, Electrical resistance, Graphitic ordering, Resistivity ratio.
Releasing capital as the market picks up. (2010)

Martin West, head of the Healthcare Property consulting business at property consultancy, advice, and transaction services specialist Drivers Jonas Deloitte, argues that, with signs of improvement in the property market, now is a good time for estates managers to consider how efficiently their buildings are being utilised, and how sale, or different use of, under-used structures might help enhance their Trust's operations and release much-needed capital.
Low-Noise Hydrophone Preamplifier (1959)

The design and performance of a low-noise hydrophone preamplifier is described. Transistors are used throughout the circuit and it is shown that, although the noise figure is slightly worse than the equivalent circuit using vacuum tubes and transformers, in practice the over-all performance is superior.
Regulation by Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone of Sodium/Iodide Symporter Gene Expression and Protein Levels in FRTL-5 Cells (1997)

To investigate the mechanism of I- transport stimulation by TSH, we studied the effects of TSH on Na+/I- symporter (NIS) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in FRTL-5 cells and correlated these with I- transport activity. When 1 mU/ml TSH was added to quiescent FRTL-5 cells, a 12-h latency was observed before the onset of increased I- transport activity, which reached a maximum [approximately 27 times basal (5H medium) levels] at 72 h. In contrast, Northern blot analysis, using rat NIS complementary DNA as a probe, revealed that addition of TSH to these cells significantly increased NIS mRNA at 3-6 h, reaching a maximum after 24 h (approximately 5.9 times basal levels). Forskolin and (Bu)2cAMP mimicked this stimulatory effect on both the I- transport activity and mRNA levels. D-ribofranosylbenzimidazole, a transcription inhibitor, almost completely blocked TSH-induced stimulation of I- transport and NIS mRNA levels. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TSH increased NIS protein levels at 36 h, reaching a maximum at 72 h, in parallel with the kinetics of TSH-induced I- transport activity. However, it also showed that the amount of NIS protein already present in FRTL-5 cell membranes before the addition of TSH was about one third of the maximum level induced by TSH. These results indicate that stimulation of I- transport activity by TSH in thyrocytes is partly due to a rapid increase in NIS gene expression, followed by a relatively slow NIS protein synthesis. However, the existence of an abundant amount of protein in quiescent FRTL-5 cells with very low I- transport activity also suggests that this activity is controlled by another TSH-regulated factor(s).
Role for p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration (2001)

Lack of p27(Kip1) reduces rapamycin-mediated inhibition of SMC migration. These novel findings suggest a role for p27(Kip1) in the signaling pathway(s) that regulates SMC migration.