gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Numbers and Sizes of Algal Cells with an Electronic Particle Counter (1962)

An electronic particle counter was compared with conventional methods for determining cell numbers and the amount of cellular material in pure unialgal cultures, using Chlorococcum macrostigmatum grown in two different media for comparative purposes. The instrument seems well suited for this use with spherical unicellular algae; cells can be counted more rapidly and less tediously than with other commonly employed methods.
Rare allele of <i>OsPPKL1</i> associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice (2012)

Grain size and shape are important components determining rice grain yield, and they are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a major grain length QTL, qGL3, which encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domain (OsPPKL1). We found a rare allele qgl3 that leads to a long grain phenotype by an aspartate-to-glutamate transition in a conserved AVLDT motif of the second Kelch domain in OsPPKL1. The rice genome has other two OsPPKL1 homologs, OsPPKL2 and OsPPKL3. Transgenic studies showed that OsPPKL1 and OsPPKL3 function as negative regulators of grain length, whereas OsPPKL2 as a positive regulator. The Kelch domains are essential for the OsPPKL1 biological function. Field trials showed that the application of the qgl3 allele could significantly increase grain yield in both inbred and hybrid rice varieties, due to its favorable effect on grain length, filling, and weight.
The Stricker Site (1975)

The Stricker site is a multi-component habitation area in Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. Component A, the latest and most I imited occupation, represents the Dakota from the middle of the 19th century to the present. Component B represents the major occupation by people following the Coalescent Tradition in the form of the Extended Coalescent variant. Component C, a minor occupation, is representative of the Initial variant of the Middle Missouri Tradition. Most of the features and artifacts pertain to Component B. The analysis provides evidence for a transition from the Shannon phase into the Felicia phase
ZTE imaging with enhanced flip angle using modulated excitation (2014)

The performance of ZTE imaging can be significantly improved by employing optimized short amplitude- and frequency-modulated RF pulses.
Initiation of bladder cancer may involve deletion of a tumour-suppressor gene on chromosome 9. (1993)

Although many genetic lesions including suppressor gene inactivation have been identified in sporadic tumours, the identity of the common initiating or early genetic events in most cases remains obscure. We have analysed tumour and leucocyte DNA from a series of 252 primary human bladder tumours of all grades and stages for deletions of chromosome 9. Probes from four polymorphic loci were used to detect loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumour specimens. Fifty-nine per cent of tumours from patients informative at one or more of these loci showed LOH. A comparison of LOH for markers on 9p and 9q indicated that proximal 9p or 9q is the likely site for a candidate bladder tumour-suppressor gene. Most strikingly, LOH was observed not only in tumours of high grade or stage but also in > 50% of grade 1 and 2 superficial (pTa) tumours. This is the first change to be identified at significant frequency in such tumours. Inactivation of a tumour-suppressor gene on chromosome 9 may therefore be an early genetic event in the development of bladder cancer.
Identification of genes for reverse transcriptase–like enzymes in two<i>Drosophila</i>retrotransposons,<i>412 and gypsy</i>; a rapid detection method of reverse transcriptase genes using YXDD box probes (1986)

Using synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the amino acid sequences best conserved among retroviral reverse transcriptases, we developed a rapid method to detect cloned DNA fragments with the genes for reverse transcriptases. By this technique followed by nucleotide sequence determination, nucleotide sequences coding for reverse transcriptase-like enzymes were identified in two Drosophila retrotransposons, gypsy and 412. Our sequence analysis suggested that there are at least two major groups of retrotransposons in Drosophila with respect to putative reverse transcriptases and both gypsy and 412 belong to a category of retrotransposons which have putative reverse transcriptases very similar in amino acid sequence to the counterpart of Moloney murine leukaemia virus, a typical mammalian retrovirus.
Alterations of microbiota in urine from women with interstitial cystitis (2012)

The 16S rDNA sequence data demonstrates a shift in the composition of the bacterial community in IC urine. The reduced microbial diversity and richness is accompanied by a higher abundance of the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, compared to HF urine. This study demonstrates that high throughput sequencing analysis of urine microbiota in IC patients is a powerful tool towards a better understanding of this enigmatic disease.
New Developments in Coextruded High Barrier Plastic Food Packaging (1985)

The past year has witnessed the introduction of a number of new food packages using coextruded high barrier plastics. Further commercialization of coextruded plastics is promised as they begin to challenge metal and glass for long shelf life food packaging. While current coextruded packages are using technology developed a number of years ago, several new process and material developments are on the horizon which will impact future applications. This paper previews some promising new technology on polymers for coextrusion, coextruded structures with multiple barrier layers, and scrap recycle.
Principal Factors of Carbon Conductive Agents that Contribute to the Gas Formation in High-Voltage Cathode Systems (2015)

The interfacial reactions, especially the gas evolution, between carbon conductive agents and the electrolyte at the positive electrode in high-voltage batteries (potentials over 4.5 V) have been investigated. The amount of gas generated was quantified for various conductive agents: acetylene black (AB), furnace black, specially customized AB, and graphite (GR). The experiments revealed that in the high-voltage system, the specific gas evolution was induced by both the cathode active material and the conductive agent, with the carbon conductive agents resulting in the generation of 8 to 15 times more gas than the cathode active material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) itself. The high-voltage properties of the carbon conductive agents, such as the anion intercalation and self-discharging properties, were evaluated for each carbon electrode. The results implied the existence of a local battery composed of the conductive agent and LNMO; this redox couple appears to play a key role in the gas evolution.
3-D packaging methodologies for microsystems (2000)

Issues associated with the packaging of microsystems in plastic and three-dimensional (3-D) body styles are discussed. The integration of a microsystem incorporating a micromachined silicon membrane pump, into a 3-D plastic encapsulated vertical multichip module package (MCM-V) is described. Finite element techniques are used to analyze the encapsulation stress in the structure of the package. Cracks develop in the chip carrier due to thermomechanical stress. Based on the results of a finite element design study, the structures of the chip carriers are modified to reduce their risk of cracking. Alternative low stress 3-D packaging methodologies based on chip on board and plastic leadless chip carriers are discussed.
Aqueous cycloaddition using glyco-organic substrates. Facial stereoselectivity in Diels–Alder reactions of a chiral diene derived from<scp>D</scp>-glyceraldehyde (1990)

The preparation of a new chiral, water-soluble E-diene, which could be considered as the simplest diene obtainable from the simplest sugar, is described, along with its use in cycloaddition with acrylaldehyde. Water, as the solvent, enhanced the rate of the Diels–Alder reaction, promoted complete regio- and endo-selectivity, and improved a like(anti) facial selectivity, compared with the results obtained with organic solvents.
Cost Effective Routing Implementations for On-chip Networks (2010)

First of all, I would like to start with some thoughts. This has been a long journey (or short, depending who I ask, but time is always relative) but it is only the first step of another journey.
Acidity, Surface Structure, and Catalytic Performance of WO<i><sub>x</sub></i>Supported on Monoclinic Zirconia (2005)

The relationship between the acidity, catalytic activity, and surface structure for tungsten oxide supported on zirconia was investigated for a series of solids prepared by equilibrium adsorption on monoclinic zirconia. The catalysts were active for propanol dehydration only above a threshold in W loading. The acidity was studied by infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed probe molecules (2,6-dimethylpyridine and CO), and the onset of activity was correlated with that of the formation of relatively strong Brønsted acid sites. The variation in the abundance of these sites correlated with the catalytic activity. Lewis sites were present but could not be directly associated with the activity. Raman, IR, and UV spectroscopy results indicated that the active sites were related to polymeric W surface species.
Separation of double-stranded DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis in interpenetrating networks of polyacrylamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone (2001)

Mixtures of two polymers with totally different chemical structures, polyacrylamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been successfully used for double-stranded DNA separation. By polymerization of acrylamide in a matrix of PVP solution, the incompatibility of these two polymers was suppressed. Laser light scattering (LLS) studies showed that highly entangled interpenetrating networks were formed in the solution. Further systematic investigation showed that double-stranded DNA separation was very good in these interpenetrating networks. With a concentration combination of as low as 2% w/v PVP (weight-average molecular mass Mr = 1 x 10(6) g/mol) + 1% w/v polyacrylamide (Mr = 4 x 10(5) g/mol), the 22 fragments in pBR322/HaeIII DNA, including the doublet of 123/124 bp, have been successfully separated within 6.5 min. Under the same separation conditions, similar resolution could only be achieved by using polyacrylamide (Mr = 4 x 10(5) g/mol) with concentrations higher than 6% w/v and could not be achieved by using only PVP (Mr = 1 x 10(6) g/mol) with a concentration as high as 15% w/v. It is noted that the interpenetrating network formed by 2% PVP and 1% polyacrylamide has a very low viscosity and can dynamically coat the inner wall of a fused-silica capillary. The separation reached an efficiency of more than 10(7) theoretical plate numbers/m and a reproducibility of less than 1% relative standard deviation of migration time in a total of seven runs. The interpenetrating network could stabilize polymer chain entanglements. Consequently, the separation speed was increased while retaining resolution.
A novel offset gated polysilicon thin film transistor without an additional offset mask (1995)

We have proposed a novel offset gated polysilicon TFT fabricated without an offset mask in order to reduce leakage current and suppress the kink effect. The photolithographic process steps of the new TFT device are identical to those of conventional non-offset structure TFT's and an additional mask to fabricate an offset structure is not required in our device. The new device has demonstrated a lower leakage current and a better ON/OFF current ratio compared with the conventional non-offset device. The novel TFT also exhibits a considerable reduction in the kink effect because a very thin film TFT may be easily fabricated due to the elimination of the contact over-etch problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions. (1923)

1. Bessel functions before 1826 2. The Bessel coefficients 3. Bessel functions 4. Differential equations 5. Miscellaneous properties of Bessel functions 6. Integral representations of Bessel functions 7. Asymptotic expansions of Bessel functions 8. Bessel functions of large order 9. Polynomials associated with Bessel functions 10. Functions associated with Bessel functions 11. Addition theorems 12. Definite integrals 13. Infinitive integrals 14. Multiple integrals 15. The zeros of Bessel functions 16. Neumann series and Lommel's functions of two variables 17. Kapteyn series 18. Series of Fourier-Bessel and Dini 19. Schlomlich series 20. The tabulation of Bessel functions Tables of Bessel functions Bibliography Indices.
Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Administration and Bone Marrow Transplantation on Thymopoiesis in Aged Mice<sup>1</sup> (1998)

There has been considerable interest in using hormone replacement therapy to rejuvenate the involuted thymus during aging. GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a mediator of GH actions, have been of particular interest because of their thymopoietic effects and the fact that their serum concentrations decline during aging. However, treatment of aging rodents with either GH or IGF-I does not restore thymus cellularity to levels present in young animals, suggesting that additional defects might limit the magnitude of their effects. In particular, deficiencies have been reported to accumulate in the bone marrow T cell precursor compartment during aging. In view of this, 18-month-old mice were administered either recombinant IGF-I, bone marrow cells from young mice, or a combination of IGF-I and young bone marrow cells. Thymus cellularity in the latter group of mice was significantly higher than in animals treated with hormone or bone marrow transplantation alone, suggesting that optimal therapies for restoring thymus cellularity must address both endocrine and hematopoietic defects that accumulate during aging. Results from in vitro studies using fetal thymic organ cultures suggest that IGF-I acts by potentiating thymic colonization by bone marrow T cell precursors and/or that the hormone affects some other event soon after thymus colonization.
3D reconstruction and enrichment of broadcast soccer video (2004)

Recently, it has become a new trend to reconstruct sports video for various purposes. This paper presents a 3D reconstruction and enrichment system that not only reconstructs broadcast soccer video but also enriches reconstructed video with music and illustrations of the video contents. The system can reconstruct not only the goalmouth scene but also the midfield scene, which cannot be reconstructed by the existing systems. To quickly find the feature points for calibrating the camera, we propose a fast algorithm to detect the lines in the goalmouth scene and use the algorithm proposed in our previous papers to detect the partial ellipses in the midfield scene. The reconstruction is conducted on several video sequences of two scenes. The reconstructed videos eliminate the ball deformation and unnecessary camera changes through smoothing the camera parameters. This system also serves as an experimental system for our project that reconstructs the on-going soccer game in real time.
Antimicrobial effects of a macrophage-derived cytotoxin from the serum of BCG-primed rabbits (tumour necrosis serum) (1984)

Previous studies have shown that a macrophage-derived cytotoxin, found in high titre in the serum of BCG-primed rabbits, killed malarial parasites and certain tumour cells. In this study, the macrophage cytotoxin was tested for activity against microorganisms other than protozoa. No activity was seen against a range of gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria or against Candida albicans. It is concluded that the macrophage cytotoxin has limited anti-microbial activity, perhaps restricted to certain intra-cellular parasites.
Macrophages Transfected with Adenovirus to Express IL-4 Reduce Inflammation in Experimental Glomerulonephritis (2001)

Nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) is characterized by acute macrophage-dependent inflammation and serves as a model of human glomerulonephritis. In this study we have transfected rat macrophages with recombinant adenovirus expressing IL-4 (Ad-IL4) and demonstrated that these transfected macrophages develop fixed properties as a result of transfection, as shown by reduced NO production in response to IFN-gamma and TNF. Ad-IL4-transfected macrophages localized with enhanced efficiency to inflamed glomeruli after renal artery injection in rats with NTN compared with adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad-beta gal)-transfected macrophages and produced elevated levels of the cytokine in glomeruli in vivo for up to 4 days. The delivery of IL-4-expressing macrophages produced a marked reduction in the severity of albuminuria (day 2 albuminuria, 61 +/- 15 mg/24 h) compared with unmodified NTN (day 2 albuminuria, 286 +/- 40 mg/24 h; p < 0.01), and this was matched by a reduction in the number of ED1-positive macrophages infiltrating the glomeruli. Interestingly, the injection of IL-4-expressing macrophages into single kidney produced a marked reduction in the numbers of ED1-positive macrophages in the contralateral noninjected kidney, an effect that could not be mimicked by systemic delivery of IL-4-expressing macrophages. This implies that the presence of IL-4-expressing macrophages in a single kidney can alter the systemic development of the inflammatory response. Macrophage transfection and delivery provide a valuable system to study and modulate inflammatory disease and highlight the feasibility of macrophage-based gene therapy.
Skin barrier effect and measurement on xylitylglucoside humectant (2012)

The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between skin barrier and moisturizing.The properties of xylitylglucoside were introduced,measurement was done through instrument to show its skin moisturizing effect.
A New CSMA-CD Protocol for Local Area Networks with Dynamic Priorities and Low Collision Probability (1983)

This paper reports on the implementation of a local area network (LAN) operating under a new CSMA-CD protocol with dynamic priorities (CSMA-CD-DP). User terminals, host computers, and other servers are connected to a common broad-band channel through N network access stations in a clustered manner. This concept reduces the number of network access stations and enhances the utilization of hardware and software resources greatly. A new protocol has been developed which organizes the decentralized operation of the distributed network access stations and which allows for a number of specific features. In the idle state the channel is operated in the contention mode. After the beginning of a transmission, the channel is operated in a reservation mode. Channel arbitration after a completed transmission is resolved by staggered delays; at any time, each station owns a distinct transmission delay which is changed after every successful transmission by broadcasted acknowledgments. This protocol strictly limits the possibility of collisions and approaches the effectiveness of token and polling protocols with increasing load. Through specific allocations of transmission delays, static priorities or dynamic overload control can be realized easily. The performance of the CSMA-CD-DP protocol has been modeled and analyzed analytically as well as by simulation. Results for normal load and overload reveal high throughput and low transfer times which are basic for a wide range of applications in LAN's.
GAD65-mediated Glutamate Decarboxylation Reduces Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cells (2001)

Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pancreatic beta cell by generating signals that couple glucose sensing to insulin secretion. We have demonstrated previously that mitochondrially derived glutamate participates directly in the stimulation of insulin exocytosis. The aim of the present study was to impose altered cellular glutamate levels by overexpression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) to repress elevation of cytosolic glutamate. INS-1E cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus vector encoding GAD65 showed efficient overexpression of the GAD protein with a parallel increase in enzyme activity. In control cells glutamate levels were slightly increased by 7.5 mm glucose (1.4-fold) compared with the effect at 15 mm (2.3-fold) versus basal 2.5 mm glucose. Upon GAD overexpression, glutamate concentrations were no longer elevated by 15 mm glucose as compared with controls (-40%). Insulin secretion was stimulated in control cells by glucose at 7.5 mm (2.5-fold) and more efficiently at 15 mm (5.2-fold). INS-1E cells overexpressing GAD exhibited impaired insulin secretion on stimulation with 15 mm glucose (-37%). The secretory response to 30 mm KCl, used to raise cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, was unaffected. Similar results were obtained in perifused rat pancreatic islets following adenovirus transduction. This GAD65-mediated glutamate decarboxylation correlating with impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion is compatible with a role for glutamate as a glucose-derived factor participating in insulin exocytosis.
The use of beam shaping to achieve large-grain cw laser-recrystallized polysilicon on amorphous substrates (1981)

Laser beam shaping has been used to increase the grain size of laser-recrystallized polycrystalline silicon on amorphous substrates. Using a slanted liquid-solid interface, rectangular grains as large as 45×50 μm have been grown in 0.5-μm-thick chemical vapor deposited polysilicon on quartz substrates. Improved surface smoothness of recrystallized material has also been achieved using this procedure.