gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Phase III Study on the Efficacy of Topical Aloe Vera Gel on Irradiated Breast Tissue (2002)

The aim of the study was to see if topical aloe vera gel would be beneficial in reducing the identified skin side-effects of radiation therapy, including erythema, pain, itching, dry desquamation, and moist desquamation, when compared with aqueous cream. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of other factors known to predict severity of radiation skin reaction, ie, breast size, smoking habit, and one or more drainages of lymphocele after surgery, on other skin side effects. A Phase III study was conducted involving 225 patients with breast cancer after lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, who required a course of radiation therapy using tangential fields. Patients were randomized to either topical aloe vera gel or topical aqueous cream to be applied 3 times per day throughout and for 2 weeks after completion of radiation treatment. Weekly skin assessments were performed by nursing staff. Aqueous cream was significantly better than aloe vera gel in reducing dry desquamation and pain related to treatment. Subjects with D cup or larger size breasts experienced significantly more erythema, regardless of treatment arm. For subjects who had undergone lymphocele drainage, the aloe vera group experienced significantly more pain than the aqueous cream group. Within the aqueous cream arm, smokers were significantly more likely to experience itching within the treatment field than were nonsmokers. Within the aloe vera arm, subjects who had undergone one or more lymphocele drainages after surgery were significantly more likely to experience erythema and itching within the treatment field than those who did not have drainage. In this study, aloe vera gel did not significantly reduce radiation-induced skin side effects. Aqueous cream was useful in reducing dry desquamation and pain related to radiation therapy.
<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in a Wild, Sucrose-Eating Rat Population (1974)

Streptococcus mutans, an organism implicated in dental caries and not previously found outside of man and certain laboratory animals, was isolated from the mouths of wild rats which ate sugar cane. The strains isolated fermented mannitol and sorbitol, and failed to grow in 6.5% NaCl or at 45 C. They formed in vitro plaques on nichrome wires when grown in sucrose broth. They also stored intracellular polysaccharide which could be catabolized by washed, resting cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid reassociations revealed two genetic types. One type shared extensive deoxyribonucleic acid base sequences with S. mutans strains HS6 and OMZ61, two members of a genetic type found in man and laboratory hamsters. The other type seemed unrelated to any S. mutans genetic type previously encountered. It is concluded that the ecological triad of tooth-sucrose-S. mutans is not a phenomenon unique to man and experimental animals.
Technical and Economic Evaluation and Selection of Sulfate ION Removal Technologies for Recovery of Water from Mineral Concentrate Transport Slurry (2006)

Technical and Economic Evaluation and Selection of Sulfate ION Removal Technologies for Recovery of Water from Mineral Concentrate Transport SlurryThis paper presents the findings of a comprehensive evaluation for a Primary Mineral Processing (PMP) company that contracted Battelle to identify economical technology to remove sulfate ion (SO42−) from mineral slurry transport (MST) water, now disposed of as a waste, for reuse or sale. MST water is separated from product by dewatering a sulfidic mineral concentrate slurry prior to loading...Author(s): Paul J. UsinowiczBruce F. MonzykLinda CarltonSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 3: Industrial Issues and Treatment Technology: Water Conservation and ReuseDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2006ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20060101)2006:13L.139;1-DOI10.2175/193864706783710695Volume / Issue2006 / 13Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)139 - 153Copyright2006Word count377
Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA among Abdominal Typhus Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in Tuban District Based on Nested PCR Technique (2013)

Typhoid fever is often known by the name of abdominal typhus that may cause liver disruption so that arise disease complication which was known as typhoid hepatitis. Detection of abdominal typhus generally using routine blood test techniques that based on antigen and antibody reactions which is take a long time to obtain positive results so that these test cannot diagnose quickly and accurately. The detection of this disease in Tuban district is only using simple routine blood tests (eg Widal), urine and feces; it is difficult to diagnose the disease if there is complication. Abdominal typhus patients in Tuban district never got a specific examination technique by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR) to detect the occurrence of hepatitis B virus co-infection. The purpose of this study to detect hepatitis B virus DNA among abdominal typhus patients with hepatitis B virus co-infection by using Nested PCR techniques. This study is an experimental laboratory research. Blood samples from 9 positive HBsAg samples, which was obtained from 30 abdominal typhus patients in R. Kusma Hospital of Tuban District. The method used in this study was a nested PCR using primers P1 and P2 for the first PCR also primers HBV1 and HBV2 for the second PCR. Research carried out at the Biology Laboratory of Universitas  Ronggolawe (Unirow) Tuban and Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga (ITD Unair) in Surabaya, from March to May 2009. The results showed out of 9 positive HBsAg samples there were 4 (44.44%) HBV DNA detected using primer pair P1 and P2 then 1 (11.11%) were detected using primer pair HBS1 and HBS2. The use of two pairs of primers in nested PCR can detect more HBV DNA, because of the negative PCR results using a single primer pair can be detected using another primer pair. Conclusion of the study is usage of nested PCR technique using two different primer pairs can detect more HBV DNA in abdominal typhus patients with hepatitis B virus co-infection as much as 55.55%. Keywords : hepatitis B virus DNA, abdominal typhus patients, Nested PCR
Study on Transformation of Ginsenosides in Different Methods (2017)

Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine and has the extensive pharmacological activity. Ginsenosides are the major constituent in ginseng and have the unique biological activity and medicinal value. Ginsenosides have the good effects on antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and inhibition of the cell apoptosis. Studies have showed that the major ginsenosides could be converted into rare ginsenosides, which played a significant role in exerting pharmacological activity. However, the contents of some rare ginsenosides are very little. So it is very important to find the effective way to translate the main ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides. In order to provide the theoretical foundation for the transformation of ginsenoside in vitro, in this paper, many methods of the transformation of ginsenoside were summarized, mainly including physical methods, chemical methods, and biotransformation methods.
Missionaries to Hawaii: Shapers of the Islands' Government (1958)

archy, shoring it up against the debilitating effects of cultural clash. Later, some of their descendants, still popularly identified as of the missionary group, aided in the overthrow of that government and its replacement by the Republic and, thereafter, by the Territory. Both governments evidence by their structure the extreme centripetal tendencies prevailing in the Islands, which the organization of the mission itself had reinforced by serving as a model for the erection of a highly centralized administration. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions despatched twelve companies of missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands between the years 1819 and 1847. Individual missionaries, also, arrived in the Islands both during this period and subsequent to the last of the companies. By 1894, 184 missionaries - 84 men and 100 women - had come to Hawaii. Among the men were ordained ministers of the Gospel, physicians, teachers, secular agents, printers, a bookbinder, and a farmer. Specialization was impossible; both laymen and ordained ministers were called to serve in many roles, while the womenfolk also ministered to the needs of the congregations of
The Neurotoxicity of the Halogenated Hydroxyquinolines (1973)

An epidemic of 10,000 cases of a new gastrointestinal-neurologic syndrome—subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON)—occurred in Japan between 1956 and 1970. Although the epidemic was recognized promptly and a multidisciplinary search for the etiologic agent was begun, investigators did not identify the agent for more than a decade. An astute clinical observation led to careful retrospective case-control and cohort studies that strongly implicated a halogenated hydroxyquinoline, iodochlorhydroxyquin, as the etiologic agent. These findings were announced publicly on Aug 7, 1970. On Sept 8, the Japanese government removed all the halogenated hydroxyquinolines from the market. Kono reported<sup>1</sup>that the epidemic had ended precipitously and, in a personal communication (June 16, 1972), reported that the epidemic had not recurred. There is little reason to doubt that the halogenated hydroxyquinolines were responsible for the epidemic of SMON. As reported by the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>of April 11, 1972, there are those, however, who think
Alkaline Degradation of Dihydrostreptomycin (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaline Degradation of DihydrostreptomycinW. J. PolglaseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1923Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a532https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a532research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
KRAS mutation detection and prognostic potential in sporadic colorectal cancer using high-resolution melting analysis (2010)

HRMA was found to be a valid screening method for KRAS mutation detection. The KRAS mutation came forward as a negative predictive factor for OS in patients with rectal cancer and for DFS in stage II colon cancer patients.
Metabolic Flux Modelling as a Tool to Analyse the Behavior of a Genetically Modified Strain of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (2006)

Flux distribution for a wild and a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are compared and investigated in terms of metabolic flux calculation and thermodynamic analysis of central metabolism under anaerobic conditions. Starting from a redundant set of measured rates obtained from batch cultures on glucose or fructose as carbon source, an original data reconciliation technique associated with the calculation of metabolic flux is used. Comparative analysis of carbon split in the metabolic network for the mutant yeast strain lacking the glucose6P-dehydrogenase (CD101-1A) and for the reference wild strain (ATCC 7754) allows to conclude that the pentose phosphate is in priority devoted to its anabolic function rather than to the production of NADPH cofactors. This last function seems to be as well assumed by the specific NADP acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme; this explains the significantly higher production of acetate by the mutant strain.
New iron(II) spin-crossover complexes with heterocyclic amine-derived ligands and STEPS experiments on photogenerated metastable high-spin states (1987)

Cationic complexes of the type [Fe(LNN)3]2+ and [Fe(LNNN)2]2+ have been isolated as Cl–, ClO4–, or BF4– salts, where LNN and LNNN represent bidentate and tridentate nitrogen-donor ligands respectively. The bidentate ligands were 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzimidazole (pybtim), 2-(2′-pyridyl)-N-methylbenzimidazole (mpybzim); 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzothiazole (pybzt), 2,2′-dipyridylamine (dpya), and the tridentates di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (dpyma), 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine (bzimpy), 2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine (mbzimpy), and 2,6-bis(benzothiazol-2′-yl) pyridine (bztpy). Except for [Fe(dpya)3][ClO4]2, all these FeN6 chromophores exhibit strong absorption in the 550 nm region, which is assigned as a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition. Between 4 and 320 K, the iron(II) is in the low-spin form in the majority of these compounds; high-spin exceptions are [Fe(dpya)3][ClO4]2 and [Fe(mbzimpy)2]Cl2. Other complexes show evidence of the onset of a spin transition near 40 °C, while the salt [Fe(bztpy)2][ClO4]2·CHCl3 is a well defined spin-crossover system. The low-spin complex [Fe(bzimpy)2][ClO4]2 was excited by irradiation with visible light, and the generation and decay of the resulting high-spin form was observed under cryogenic conditions. In solution, [Fe(bzimpy)2]2+ acts as a weak diprotic acid and also exhibits quintet ⇌ singlet spin crossover (ΔH⊖=–42.7 kJ mol–1, ΔS⊖=–140.9 J K–1 mol–1). The complexes are all electrochemically oxidizable to their iron(III) forms in non-aqueous solution, but the dpyma, bztpy, pybtz, and dpya chelates thus formed are unstable. The iron(III) complex [Fe(H–2bzimpy)2]– containing the doubly deprotonated ligand was obtained as its low-spin triethylammonium salt. The high-spin chloro complexes [Fe(bzimpy)Cl3], [Fe(mbzimpy)Cl3], Fe(mbzimpy)Cl2, and the mixed-spin iron(II) complex salt [Fe(bzimpy)][FeCl4] were also isolated.
Evaluation of the Specificity of an Immunoprecipitin Test for Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis (1983)

The specificity of a new antigen-antibody system (devised at the International Center for Medical Research and Training [ICMRT], San José, Costa Rica) for non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was evaluated. ICMRT antigen was found in eight (21%) of 38 patients with acute NANB hepatitis; 22 patients (58%) seroconverted, including three who were positive for ICMRT antigen. Five patients with chronic NANB hepatitis were persistently positive for ICMRT antigen and negative for ICMRT antibody during several years of observation. Neither ICMRT antigen nor seroconversion was found among 11 patients with hepatitis A and 19 with hepatitis B occurring concomitantly with NANB hepatitis; only two of 56 patients with other liver diseases had ICMRT antigen, both presumably with chronic antigenemia. Seven of 128 household contacts of patients with NANB hepatitis had ICMRT antigen; 27 had antibody initially, and 35 (37% of susceptible contacts) seroconverted during the observation period. Less than 4% of household contacts of patients with hepatitis A or B seroconverted.
TLR2-mediated neutrophil depletion exacerbates bacterial sepsis (2009)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Bone Healing and Migration of Cord Blood—Derived Stem Cells Into a Critical Size Femoral Defect After Xenotransplantation (2007)

Human cord blood-derived stem cells showed significant engraftment in bone marrow, survived within a collagen-TCP scaffold up to 4 wk, and increased local bone formation in a nude rat's femoral defect.
Controlling the nonlinearity of silicon nanowire resonators using active feedback (2009)

We describe the use of nonlinear feedback to tune the cubic nonlinearity of a silicon nanowire resonator. We show that nonlinear feedback can be used to cancel out the native nonlinearity or even change its sign. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by using nonlinear feedback to extend the dynamic range of a silicon nanowire parametric amplifier.
Atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide films on graphene (2013)

Seed-layer approach was studied to initiate atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 films on graphene. Low-temperature ALD and electron beam evaporation (EBE) were applied for seed-layer preparation before deposition of the dielectric at 200 °C using trimethyl-aluminum and water or ozone as precursors. To characterize nucleation of the films and possible influence of the ALD processes on the quality of graphene, properties of graphene and Al2O3 films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods. The results suggest that seed layer formation by low-temperature ALD was more efficient in the O3-based process than in the H2O-based one while EBE seed layer provided fastest growth of Al2O3 together with minimum incubation period.
The Professions of Public Health (2001)

Law has been an essential tool of public health practice for centuries. From the 19th century until recent decades, however, most histories of public health described, approvingly, the progression of the field from marginally useful policy, made by persons learned in law, to effective policy, made by persons employing the methods of biomedical and behavioral science. Historians have recently begun to change this standard account by documenting the centrality of law in the development of public health practice. The revised history of public health offers additional justification for the program of public health law reform proposed in this issue of the Journal by Gostin and by Moulton and Matthews, who describe the new program in public health law of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Quasi-Euclidean Epipolar Rectification (2011)

The standard setup in reconstructing the three-dimensional geometry of a scene from a pair of stereo images is to have them rectified, in which case the apparent motion of points is horizontal. With pinhole cameras, it is always possible to find two homographies that rectify the images. The method of Fusiello and Irsara assumes that both cameras are the same with principal point at the center, but keeps the focal length as an unknown. The virtual rotations of the two cameras are then evaluated to minimize the vertical motion of points.
Probabilistic Neural Network based attack traffic classification (2012)

This paper surveys with the emerging research on various methods to identify the legitimate/illegitimate traffic on the network. Here, the focus is on the effective early detection scheme for distinguishing Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack traffic from normal flash crowd traffic. The basic characteristics used to distinguish Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks from flash crowds are access intents, client request rates, cluster overlap, distribution of source IP address, distribution of clients and speed of traffic. Various techniques related to these metrics are clearly illustrated and corresponding limitations are listed out with their justification. A new method is proposed in this paper which builds a reliable identification model for flash crowd and DDoS attacks. The proposed Probabilistic Neural Network based traffic pattern classification method is used for effective classification of attack traffic from legitimate traffic. The proposed technique uses the normal traffic profile for their classification process which consists of single and joint distribution of various packet attributes. The normal profile contains uniqueness in traffic distribution and also hard for the attackers to mimic as legitimate flow. The proposed method achieves highest classification accuracy for DDoS flooding attacks with less than 1% of false positive rate.
Discovery of Specific Inhibitors for Intestinal <i>E. coli</i>  <i>β</i>‐Glucuronidase through <i>In Silico</i> Virtual Screening (2015)

Glucuronidation is a major metabolism process of detoxification for carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy)-1-butanone (NNK) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, intestinal E. coli β-glucuronidase (eβG) has been considered pivotal to colorectal carcinogenesis. Specific inhibition of eβG may prevent reactivating the glucuronide-carcinogen and protect the intestine from ROS-mediated carcinogenesis. In order to develop specific eβG inhibitors, we found that 59 candidate compounds obtained from the initial virtual screening had high inhibition specificity against eβG but not human βG. In particular, we found that compounds 7145 and 4041 with naphthalenylidene-benzenesulfonamide (NYBS) are highly effective and selective to inhibit eβG activity. Compound 4041 (IC50 = 2.8 μM) shows a higher inhibiting ability than compound 7145 (IC50 = 31.6 μM) against eβG. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis indicates that compound 4041 has two hydrophobic contacts to residues L361 and I363 in the bacterial loop, but 7145 has one contact to L361. Only compound 4041 can bind to key residue (E413) at active site of eβG via hydrogen-bonding interactions. These novel NYBS-based eβG specific inhibitors may provide as novel candidate compounds, which specifically inhibit eβG to reduce eβG-based carcinogenesis and intestinal injury.
A Low Power, High Speed Readout for Pixel Detectors Based on an Arbitration Tree (2019)

A low-power, high-speed arbitration tree for pixel detector readout is presented. The synchronized, binary tree priority encoder establishes a position dependent priority list at the start of every time frame. Pixels that indicate the presence of data for readout, are sequentially granted access to a shared bus for data transfer to the periphery, without the use of an additional global strobe signal. It can be used for either full frame imaging or zero-suppressed readout, in which case it can simultaneously generate the pixel address. To increase the readout frame rate, the pixel array is subdivided into two halves, which allows interleaved latching of data at the output serializer. The design was implemented in a 65 nm LP-CMOS process for the readout of a 64 x 64 pixel array. Measurement results demonstrate a deadtime-less, full frame imaging rate of ~50 kfps, achieved with a dedicated output for every (32 x 32) 1024 pixels and for a pixel data packet of 11 bits, with no bit errors detected over 1000 frames. The measured energy per bit is 0.94 pJ.