gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bias dependent microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN MODFET's up to 100 V (1997)

1 μm gate-length AlGaN/GaN modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET's) have been fabricated on an insulating GaN buffer layer for better carrier confinement. These devices demonstrate simultaneously high current levels (>500 mA/mm), excellent pinch-off and high gate-drain breakdown voltages (220 V for 3 μm gate-drain spacing). In contrast to their GaAs counterparts, the current-gain cutoff frequency of the AlGaN/GaN devices shows little degradation at high drain voltage biases. A power-gain cutoff frequency of 19 GHz is obtained at 100 V. ACW power density of 1.57 W/mm at 4 Ghz is also achieved when biased at 28 V and 205 mA/mm.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt by direct transcaval approach in patients with acute and hyperacute Budd–Chiari syndrome (2002)

When Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is due to occlusion of all three hepatic veins, the standard transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) technique can be extremely laborious. A feasible alternative is to use the direct transcaval approach, by which a shunt can be created directly between the intrahepatic inferior vena cava and the portal vein. We describe two patients (one with acute BCS and one with hyperacute BCS) who were successfully managed with this modified technique. Both patients recovered; one of them underwent elective liver transplantation 15 months after the procedure, whereas the other still had good hepatic function and a patent stent 24 months after the procedure. We conclude that, in selected patients with acute and hyperacute BCS, placement of a TIPS by the direct transcaval approach is a rapid and effective emergency procedure, which can either be curative or function as a bridge for elective liver transplantation.
Talkoot software appliance for collaborative science (2009)

On the emerging ¿Social Web,¿ millions of people offer their knowledge online in a collective knowledge system comprising an active community of motivated members posting problems and solutions in blogs, forums, mailing lists, collaborative portals and other Web 2.0 technologies. These technologies complement formal means of sharing knowledge via conferences and published papers, where it is impossible to share all the research details, and where negative results are rarely included. A small but growing number of scientists and researchers are beginning to harness these Web 2.0 technologies as a transformative way of doing science. With the advent of service oriented architectures, the model of chaining services to create analysis workflows provides the research community unprecedented opportunity to collaborate, sharing their workflows with one another, reproducing and analyzing research results, and leveraging colleagues' expertise to expedite the process of scientific knowledge discovery. A crucial component needed for this unprecedented level of cooperation within the research community is a reusable, extensible and customizable environment for building collaborative ¿open science¿ portals for managing these shared analysis workflows. This paper describes the design and the development of Talkoot, a customizable ¿software appliance¿ to build collaborative portals for earth science services and analysis workflows.
Knockdown a Water Channel Protein, Aquaporin-4, Induced Glioblastoma Cell Apoptosis (2013)

Glioblastomas are the most aggressive forms of primary brain tumors due to their tendency to invade surrounding healthy brain tissues, rendering them largely incurable. The water channel protein, Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a key molecule for maintaining water and ion homeostasis in the central nervous system and has recently been reported with cell survival except for its well-known function in brain edema. An increased AQP4 expression has been demonstrated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), suggesting it is also involved in malignant brain tumors. In this study, we show that siRNA-mediated down regulation of AQP4 induced glioblastoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We further show that several apoptotic key proteins, Cytochrome C, Bcl-2 and Bad are involved in AQP4 signaling pathways. Our results indicate that AQP4 may serve as an anti-apoptosis target for therapy of glioblastoma.
Rock physics model‐based seismic inversion (2006)

We demonstrate how to interpret seismic amplitudes for lithology, porosity, and pore fluid by systematically perturbing these properties in the earth, calculating the corresponding elastic properties, and matching the synthetic seismic traces with the real data. A key component of our technique is a site‐specific deterministic rock physics model that links the petrophysical to elastic properties. This model also imposes geologically consistent constraints within the lithology‐porosity‐fluid space. The perturbations are implemented through exhaustive Monte‐Carlo simulation of these petrophysical parameters within the rock physics model. The results are inter‐related probabilistic values of lithology, porosity, and saturation that may stand behind the seismic amplitude under examination. Trace‐by‐trace probability density functions of the petrophysical parameters allow the uncertainty in the reservoir properties to be quantified. We demonstrate this model‐based inversion technique on well and seismic data from offshore South Africa.
Predictors of progression in patients with AD and Lewy bodies (2000)

Patients with AD+LB can develop EPS and diurnal hypersomnia earlier and have faster time to institutionalization than those with AD alone, but cognitive and functional decline and physical survival are similar between these two entities.
Plectin as a prognostic marker in non-metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (2015)

Our results indicate that low expression of plectin predicts a favorable outcome for patients with non-metastatic OSCC and the expression level of plectin may therefore be used in the treatment stratification for patients with early stage disease.
IMPROVING THE WORLD'S LARGEST, MOST ADVANCED SYSTEM (1991)

The first part of this special report on air traffic control examines near-term improvements in the air traffic control system and addresses concerns over whether these changes will be comprehensive and made quickly enough to keep up with traffic growth. In part two the longer term solutions are examined. Global networks of satellites for communications, navigation, and surveillance, for example, may upstage ground radars in the next century. Greater capability in the cockpits, including collision avoidance systems and flight computers with extensive libraries; better weather prediction and information transfer; and plans for artificial intelligence in the system are also reviewed.
A high-impedance ground plane applied to a cellphone handset geometry (2001)

A high-impedance electromagnetic surface is a new type of metallic structure exhibiting high surface impedance and the suppression of propagating surface currents at a particular frequency band. We experimentally characterize such a high-impedance surface designed near 2.4 GHz. We describe an antenna built on such a surface, integrated into a printed circuit board that was designed for the form factor of a portable handset. Measurement shows high radiation efficiency near 2.4 GHz.
What Makes Trade Possible (2005)

This chapter provides a framework for understanding the difference between trade that takes place between partners and trade between anonymous strangers.
Pathogenesis of Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis (2000)

Lung disease in cystic fibrosis is primarily due to a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulating protein (CFTR). This results in abnormal chloride transfer across epithelial membranes causing an excessively viscid mucus lining of the airways. Bacterial invasion particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulates a vigorous and excessive primarily neutrophil-driven inflammatory response throughout the lungs. Products of this inflammation not only damage incoming bacteria but also the host tissue itself. Over a period of years this chronic suppurative process results in permanent ongoing lung destruction principally manifested as bilateral bronchiectasis.
T1 and T2 in the Brain of Healthy Subjects, Patients with Parkinson Disease, and Patients with Multiple System Atrophy: Relation to Iron Content (1999)

Most of the T1 and T2 findings appear to be related to changes in iron content and form and may possibly be used as indicators of such changes.
Field Experiments on Control of the “Potato-Sickness” associated with the Nematode, <i>Heterodera schachtii</i> (1937)

Although the “potato-sickness” associated with the nematode Heterodera schachtii has been the subject of a good deal of investigation in Britain during the past twelve years, the only practical method of control so far devised is the adoption of a well-planned crop rotation in which potatoes are omitted for several years. The limitation of a general application of this method to the thousands of acres of land infected with this eelworm disease but otherwise admirably suited for the growing of potatoes has led to insistent demands for further study into chemical treatment of affected soil. In the present investigation, comparative control trials of soil treatment by certain chemical substances were carried out on land known to be thoroughly “potato-sick” and the last potato crop grown in it had been a failure. Most of the experimental treatments had already shown in other field experiments some measure of protection from “potato-sickness,” at least, judging by the healthier appearance of the foliage and increase in yield of crop. Although the results of previous experience indicated that there was a positive association between application of these various soil dressings and intensity of disease, it was felt that a more accurate computation of the latter, by measuring the eelworm cyst content of the soil, was desirable before any definite conclusion might be drawn.
Alternating Current Stimulation for Vision Restoration after Optic Nerve Damage: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01280877.
Valence excitations in individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (2002)

We report on measurements of the plasmon losses of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes by electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The experimental data are compared to simulated excitation probabilities calculated using the hydrodynamic theory of the interaction between a probe electron and a two-dimensional quasifree electron gas confined on a cylindrical shell. Depending on the nanotube geometry, the first- or the second-order oscillation mode dominates the loss spectrum. The resonance energy of the dominant resonance mode is found to depend on the radius of the nanotube.
Bias compensation and tracking with monopulse radars in the presence of multi path (1997)

The problem of tracking targets in the presence of reflections from sea or ground is addressed. Both types of reflections (specular and diffuse) are considered. Specular reflection causes large peak errors followed by an approximately constant bias in the monopulse ratio, while diffuse reflection has random variations which on the average generate a bias in the monopulse ratio. Expressions for the average error (bias) in the monopulse ratio due to specular and diffuse reflections and the corresponding variance in the presence of noise in the radar channels are derived. A maximum maneuver-based filter and a multiple model estimator are used for tracking. Simulation results for five scenarios, typical of sea skimmers, with Swerling III fluctuating radar cross sections (RCSs) indicate the significance and efficiency of the technique developed in this paper-a 65% reduction of the rms error in the target height estimate.
Crystallization of Honey (1931)

The quality of crystallized honey is highest when the crystals are small. The physical phenomena of crystal growth and the factors and method of controlling fine crystallization are discussed.
Dual roles of <i>plcA</i> in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> pathogenesis (1993)

The plcA gene of Listeria monocytogenes encodes a secreted phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (Pl-PLC). Recent studies have established that transposon mutations within plcA result in avirulence for mice and pleiotropic effects when examined in tissue-culture models of infection. Genetic analysis reveals that many of the effects of the transposon insertions are due to loss of readthrough transcription from plcA into the downstream gene prfA, which encodes an essential transcription factor of numerous L. monocytogenes virulence genes. Construction of an in-frame deletion within plcA had no effect on expression of prfA thus allowing direct assignment of a role of the Pl-PLC in pathogenesis. Pl-PLC was shown to play a significant role in mediating escape of L. monocytogenes from phagosomes of primary murine macrophages. Interestingly, this defect manifested itself in vivo in the liver but not in the spleen of infected mice.
RNAi-directed downregulation of OsBADH2 results in aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) production in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2008)

We have found that the altered expression levels of OsBADH2 gene influence aroma accumulation, and the prevalent aromatic allele probably has a single evolutionary origin.
Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review (2019)

Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO₂ or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.
Approach for structural interpretation of laser microprobe mass spectra of organic compounds (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproach for structural interpretation of laser microprobe mass spectra of organic compoundsLuc. Van Vaeck, Jan. Claereboudt, Johan. De Waele, Eddy. Esmans, and Renaat. GijbelsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2944–2951Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
COVID-19 in Fiji (2021)

With the implementation of strict quarantine and adjunct health measures, Fiji was largely spared from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In April 2021, the arrival of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a major outbreak that is only now under control. The country enacted swift countermeasures to reduce population movement, but the delta variant gained a foothold in the peri-urban areas of the largest city, Suva, and from there spread to other major urban centres of the largest island, Viti Levu. A very effective vaccination campaign has since been implemented resulting in a rate of two-dose vaccination, above 70%, that exceeds many higher income countries and, as of late October 2021, the numbers of COVID-19 cases were in decline. Fijian life, especially in rural settings, is based on hierarchical but supportive community structures and the responsibilities that flow from community membership, for example, attending large funerals, mitigated against the organised and systematic control response instituted by the Fijian Ministry of Health and Medical Services, including vaccination, and the other Government agencies. A positive consequence of the outbreak has been the development of new capabilities, and the distribution of molecular diagnostic technologies that can be exploited to help control other infectious diseases.
Filtering memory references to increase energy efficiency (2000)

Most modern microprocessors employ one or two levels of on-chip caches in order to improve performance. Caches typically are implemented with static RAM cells and often occupy a large portion of the chip area. Not surprisingly, these caches can consume a significant amount of power. In many applications, such as portable devices, energy efficiency is more important than performance. We propose sacrificing some performance in exchange for energy efficiency by filtering cache references through an unusually small first level cache. We refer to this structure as the filter cache. A second level cache, similar in size and structure to a conventional first level cache, is positioned behind the filter cache and serves to mitigate the performance loss. Extensive experiments indicate that a small filter cache still can achieve a high hit rate and good performance. This approach allows the second level cache to be in a low power mode most of the time, thus resulting in power savings. The filter cache is particularly attractive in low power applications, such as the embedded processors used for communication and multimedia applications. For example, experimental results across a wide range of embedded applications show that a direct mapped 255-byte filter cache achieves a 58 percent power reduction while reducing performance by 21 percent. This trade-off results in a 51 percent reduction in the energy-delay product when compared to a conventional design.
Event-based Supply Chain Early Warning System for an Adaptive Production Control (2014)

As a consequence of higher complexity, intra- and cross-company production and logistic processes become vulnerable to unforeseen disturbances. In this paper an Event-based Supply Chain Early Warning System is presented that facilitates real-time identification of critical events within the supply network by using event data. As a result, adaptive situational control of intra-company production processes is enabled. The benefits of this approach regarding logistic objectives are evaluated by using a discrete-event simulation based on a prototypical implementation of a cross-company production scenario.
The relationship between glucocerebrosidase mutations and Parkinson disease (2016)

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease, whereas Gaucher disease (GD) is the most frequent lysosomal storage disorder caused by homozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene. Increased risk of developing PD has been observed in both GD patients and carriers. It has been estimated that GBA1 mutations confer a 20- to 30-fold increased risk for the development of PD, and that at least 7-10% of PD patients have a GBA1 mutation. To date, mutations in the GBA1 gene constitute numerically the most important risk factor for PD. The type of PD associated with GBA1 mutations (PD-GBA1) is almost identical to idiopathic PD, except for a slightly younger age of onset and a tendency to more cognitive impairment. Importantly, the pathology of PD-GBA1 is identical to idiopathic PD, with nigral dopamine cell loss, Lewy bodies, and neurites containing alpha-synuclein. The mechanism by which GBA1 mutations increase the risk for PD is still unknown. However, given that clinical manifestation and pathological findings in PD-GBA1 patients are almost identical to those in idiopathic PD individuals, it is likely that, as in idiopathic PD, alpha-synuclein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic impairment, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress may contribute to the development and progression of PD-GBA1. Here, we review the GBA1 gene, its role in GD, and its link with PD. The impact of glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) mutations on functioning of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and mitochondria. GBA1 mutations resulting in production of misfolded glucocerebrosidase (GCase) significantly affect the ER functioning. Misfolded GCase trapped in the ER leads to both an increase in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the ER stress. The presence of ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) and/or endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The prolonged activation of UPR and ERAD subsequently leads to increased apoptosis. The presence of misfolded GCase in the lysosomes together with a reduction in wild-type GCase levels lead to a retardation of alpha-synuclein degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which subsequently results in alpha-synuclein accumulation and aggregation. Impaired lysosomal functioning also causes a decrease in the clearance of autophagosomes, and so their accumulation. GBA1 mutations perturb normal mitochondria functioning by increasing generation of free radical species (ROS) and decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, oxygen consumption, and membrane potential. GBA1 mutations also lead to accumulation of dysfunctional and fragmented mitochondria. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.