gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical CAD changes to incorporate design for lithography and manufacturability (2004)

The next few process generations (65 nm and below) will have serious lithography and manufacturing constraints since the feature size is shrinking much more rapidly than the wavelengths used in manufacturing the chips. This paper starts with a quick tutorial on the Design for Manufacturability problems of these process generations, concentrating primarily on the limitations of optical lithography. The remainder of the talk covers the changes to physical design tools, such as placement and routing, that are needed to cope with these problems.
Metformin increases total serum homocysteine levels in non-diabetic male patients with coronary heart disease (1997)

It is known that the metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy) depends on the vitamins B6, B12 and folate, and furthermore that metformin reduces serum vitamin B12 levels. In order to investigate whether metformin treatment affects serum total Hcy (tHcy) levels we performed an open, prospective, randomised study in 60 non-diabetic male patients with cardiovascular disease. After a 4-week run-in period with lovastatin 40 mg day-1, and diet and lifestyle advice, patients were randomised into two groups, both continuing the run-in treatment. One group received metformin up to 2000 mg day-1, whereas the control group got no additional treatment. After 12 and 40 weeks of metformin treatment, tHcy levels increased moderately but significantly by 7.2% (p < 0.05) and 13.8% (p < 0.05) in the metformin group relative to the control group, whereas serum vitamin B12 levels decreased by 13.4% (p < 0.0005) and 17.7% (p < 0.0005), respectively. Serum folate levels did not change after 12 weeks, but decreased by 8.0% after 40 weeks (p = 0.061) relative to the control group. Serum levels of total cysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) did not change. In conclusion, metformin treatment increased tHcy levels and decreased levels of vitamin B12 and folate. Since MMA levels were unchanged, it remains an open question whether the increase in tHcy levels is secondary to reduced vitamin B12 levels, folate levels or a combination of both.
The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (2013)

There is evidence for an increased risk of ACVD in patients with PD compared to patients without. However, this may not apply to all groups of the population. There is insufficient evidence for an association between PD and the incidence of secondary cardiovascular events.
Complexes of technetium(III) with sterically hindered arenethiolates and their interactions with small .pi.-accepting molecules (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of technetium(III) with sterically hindered arenethiolates and their interactions with small .pi.-accepting moleculesNadine De Vries, John C. Dewan, Alun G. Jones, and Alan DavisonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 9, 1574–1580Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00282a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (895 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Field-effect transistor based on atomically flat rutile TiO2 (2006)

The authors have fabricated a field-effect transistor (FET) based on a rutile TiO2 active channel. Top-gate transistor structure with an amorphous LaAlO3 insulator was fabricated on the ultrasmoothed rutile single crystals. Reproducible n-type FET actions were observed only by the use of ultrasmoothed TiO2 surfaces. Moreover, an anisotropy of the field-effect mobility depending on the channel direction, which reflects intrinsic nature of rutile, was definitely observed. Inserting MgO insulating buffer between TiO2 and amorphous LaAlO3 suppressed the off-state current and realized on-to-off current ratio as high as 104.
A new joint diagonalization algorithm with application in blind source separation (2005)

In this letter, we present a new nonorthogonal algorithm for joint diagonalization of a set of symmetric matrices. The algorithm alternates between updates of individual demixing matrix rows, and the update of each row is transferred to solving the eigenvector problem. By using some blind source separation simulations, we show that the algorithm obviously obtains an improved performance when the signal-to-noise ratio of the observed signals is relatively low.
Intraindividual comparison of color contrast sensitivity in patients with clear and blue-light-filtering intraocular lenses (2008)

In this intraindividual comparison, the implantation of a blue-light-filtering IOL did not lead to a clinically significant change in color contrast sensitivity.
A Simulation-Based Metric to Guide Glitch Power Reduction in Digital Circuits (2018)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to classify spurious transitions in the activity of a digital circuit as generated and propagated glitches during logic simulation. Using the activities obtained, we compute a criticality metric to identify the nets where glitch minimization techniques are likely to provide the maximum benefit. The proposed metric provides insight into which techniques are best suited for use in glitch reduction for a given circuit. This enables targeted application of glitch reduction techniques. Experiments with several glitch intensive benchmarks show a faster convergence within fewer iterations to solutions with reduced glitch activity. We validate this observation by using the proposed metric to guide the application of some glitch reduction techniques and quantify the resultant savings. The proposed algorithm can be seamlessly incorporated in modern event-driven logic simulators.
In-Season Major Crop-Type Identification for US Cropland from Landsat Images Using Crop-Rotation Pattern and Progressive Data Classification (2019)

Crop type information at the field level is vital for many types of research and applications. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides information on crop types for US cropland as a Cropland Data Layer (CDL). However, CDL is only available at the end of the year after the crop growing season. Therefore, CDL is unable to support in-season research and decision-making regarding crop loss estimation, yield estimation, and grain pricing. The USDA mostly relies on field survey and farmers’ reports for the ground truth to train image classification models, which is one of the major reasons for the delayed release of CDL. This research aims to use trusted pixels as ground truth to train classification models. Trusted pixels are pixels which follow a specific crop rotation pattern. These trusted pixels are used to train image classification models for the classification of in-season Landsat images to identify major crop types. Six different classification algorithms are investigated and tested to select the best algorithm for this study. The Random Forest algorithm stands out among selected algorithms. This study classified Landsat scenes between May and mid-August for Iowa. The overall agreements of classification results with CDL in 2017 are 84%, 94%, and 96% for May, June, and July, respectively. The classification accuracies have been assessed through 683 ground truth data points collected from the fields. The overall accuracies of single date multi-band image classification are 84%, 89% and 92% for May, June, and July, respectively. The result also shows higher accuracy (94–95%) can be achieved through multi-date image classification compared to single date image classification.
Comparison of Direct-Drive and Geared Generator Concepts for Wind Turbines (2006)

The objective of this paper is to compare five different generator systems for wind turbines, namely the doubly-fed induction generator with three-stage gearbox (DFIG3G), the direct-drive synchronous generator with electrical excitation (DDSG), the direct-drive permanent-megnet generator (DDPMG), the permanent-magnet generator with single stage gearbox (PMG1G), and the doubly-fed induction generator with single-stage gearbox (DFIG1G). The comparison is based on cost and annual energy yield for a given wind climate. The DFIG3G is a cheap solution using standard components. The DFIG1G seems the most attractive in terms of energy yield divided by cost. The DDPMG has the highest energy yield, but although it is cheaper than the DDSG, it is more expensive than the generator systems with gearbox.
Type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. III. Suppression of arthritis by using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Ia antisera. (1985)

Pretreatment of mice genetically susceptible to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with monoclonal or polyclonal antisera specific for I region gene products (Ia antigens) suppressed or delayed the onset of CIA, whereas pretreatment with anti-Ia to an irrelevant haplotype was without effect. The humoral response to type II collagen was transiently depressed 14 days after immunization but antibody levels did not differ significantly after 28 days. The peak delayed-type hypersensitivity to type II collagen was unaffected by anti-Ia treatment. Monoclonal antibody of one anti-Ia specificity enhanced both the antibody response and the arthritis incidence in one mouse strain.
Midodrine and Clonidine in Patients With Cirrhosis and Refractory or Recurrent Ascites: A Randomized Pilot Study (2013)

These results suggest that midodrine, clonidine, and their combination plus SMT improves the systemic hemodynamics without any renal or hepatic dysfunction, and is superior to SMT alone for the control of ascites. However, the combination therapy was not superior to midodrine or clonidine alone.
Battery powered tabletop pulsed neutron source based on a sealed miniature plasma focus device (2008)

The development of a novel and portable tabletop pulsed neutron source is presented. It is a battery powered neutron tube based on a miniature plasma focus (PF) device having all metal-sealed components. The tube, fuelled with deuterium gas, generates neutrons because of D–D fusion reactions. The inner diameter and the length of the tube are 3.4 cm and 8 cm, respectively. A single capacitor (200 J, 4.0 µF, 10 nH) of compact size (17 cm × 15 cm × 13 cm, 6.5 kg) is used as the energy driver. A power supply system charges the capacitor to 10 kV in 10 s and also provides a 30 kV trigger pulse to the spark gap. An input of 24 V dc (7.5 A) to the power supply system is provided by two rechargeable batteries (each 12 V, 7.5 A, 20 h). The device has produced neutrons for 150 shots within a period of 120 days in a very reliable manner without purging the deuterium gas between the shots. For the first 50 shots, the average yield is (1.6 ± 0.3) × 106 neutrons/shot in 4π sr with a pulse width of 23.4 ± 3.3 ns. The estimated neutron energy is 2.47 ± 0.22 MeV. The neutron production reduces slowly and reaches the detection threshold value of 3 × 105 neutrons/shot towards the last shots. The device produces neutrons in a similar manner on evacuation and refilling. The height of the mounted PF tube with the capacitor and the spark gap is 35 cm. The complete setup comprising the capacitor with spark gap, the PF tube, the power supply system with two batteries and the control panel weighs only 23 kg.
Ionic Strength Mediated Self-Organization of Gold Nanocrystals:  An AFM Study (2002)

The deposition of charge-stabilized colloidal gold nanocrystals on silicon substrates, derivatized with (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), is studied using atomic force microscopy. The influence of ionic strength on the spatial distribution of gold nanocrystal assemblies is analyzed in terms of radial distribution functions. The minimum interparticle distance for these deposited particles with diameters in the low-nanometer range is shown to be tunable by varying the ionic strength of the solution from which the particles are deposited. The results are in line with previous work on considerably larger particles. Furthermore, because of the strong electrostatic interaction between the citrate-covered nanocrystals and the APTES-derivatized substrate surface, the sticking coefficient is one, while the surface mobility is negligible. In agreement with this, the results can be described perfectly in terms of the random sequential adsorption model for “soft” particles.
Clinical features of neocoritcal temporal lobe epilepsy (1996)

Few studies have examined the clinical features of neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) in carefully selected patients. We reviewed records from 21 patients with NTLE, defined by intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG), who have been seizure free for 1 year or more following temporal lobectomy. The mean age of onset at the time of first seizure was 14 years (range, 1-41 years). Febrile seizures were reported in only 2 patients (9.5%). In contrast to prior mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) studies, seizure-free intervals between the initial cerebral insult or first seizure and habitual seizures were uncommon. Possible or known risk factors for epilepsy were reported in 13 of 21 patients (62%). Fifteen (71%) patients reported auras, with experiential phenomena being the most common type. Magnetic resonance imaging was normal or nonspecific in 15 patients, revealed mild hippocampal atrophy in 2, tumors in 2, and heterotopic gray matter and hippocampal atrophy in 1, and cortical dysgenesis in 1. Neuropsychological testing showed deficits consistent with the seizure focus in 13 patients (62%), and Wada test showed ipsilateral memory deficits in 10 (48%). The most common behavioral manifestation was a motionless stare at ictal onset (48%). In contrast to prior studies of MTLE, only 1 NTLE patient had frequent independent, contralateral temporal lobe epileptiform spikes on scalp EEG.
Biological activity of <i>Spatoglossum asperum</i>: a brown alga (2005)

Chloroform and methanol fractions of an ethanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum showed antifungal activity against the highly destructive plant pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina while the n-hexane fraction showed activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. n-Hexane and methanol fractions also showed nematicidal activity against the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Column chromatography of the ethanol extract of seaweed yielded oily fractions named SA-I to SA-VI. GC-MS data of these oily fractions showed the presence of various fatty acid esters. Some of these oily fractions exhibited strong antifungal and nematicidal activities. Oily fractions of S. asperum also showed hypolipidaemic activity in normal, triton-induced and high fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemic rats without producing any ill effect on cardiac and liver enzymes.
Targeting the Proteolytic Processing of the Viral Glycoprotein Precursor Is a Promising Novel Antiviral Strategy against Arenaviruses (2009)

A crucial step in the arenavirus life cycle is the biosynthesis of the viral envelope glycoprotein (GP) responsible for virus attachment and entry. Processing of the GP precursor (GPC) by the cellular proprotein convertase site 1 protease (S1P), also known as subtilisin-kexin-isozyme 1 (SKI-1), is crucial for cell-to-cell propagation of infection and production of infectious virus. Here, we sought to evaluate arenavirus GPC processing by S1P as a target for antiviral therapy using a recently developed peptide-based S1P inhibitor, decanoyl (dec)-RRLL-chloromethylketone (CMK), and the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). To control for off-target effects of dec-RRLL-CMK, we employed arenavirus reverse genetics to introduce a furin recognition site into the GPC of LCMV. The rescued mutant virus grew to normal titers, and the processing of its GPC critically depended on cellular furin, but not S1P. Treatment with the S1P inhibitor dec-RRLL-CMK resulted in specific blocking of viral spread and virus production of LCMV. Combination of the protease inhibitor with ribavirin, currently used clinically for treatment of human arenavirus infections, resulted in additive drug effects. In cells deficient in S1P, the furin-dependent LCMV variant established persistent infection, whereas wild-type LCMV underwent extinction without the emergence of S1P-independent escape variants. Together, the potent antiviral activity of an inhibitor of S1P-dependent GPC cleavage, the additive antiviral effect with ribavirin, and the low probability of emergence of S1P-independent viral escape variants make S1P-mediated GPC processing by peptide-derived inhibitors a promising strategy for the development of novel antiarenaviral drugs.
<title>Reconstructing and visualizing dense global visual maps for extended passive navigation</title> (1995)

We consider the task of passive navigation, where a stereo visual sensor system moves around an unknown scene. In order to guide an autonomous navigation, it is important to build a visual map which records the location and the shape of the objects in the scene and their world coordinates. The extended global visual map is an integration of local maps. The approach described in this paper integrates the processes of motion estimation, stereo matching, temporal tracking, and Delaunay triangulation interpolation. Through stereo matching, each frame (a stereo image pair) can produce a set of 3D points of the current scene. The global structures of these 3D points are obtained using the results of the motion estimation. Delaunay tetrahedralization interpolates three-dimensional data points with a simplicial polyhedral surface. The experiment includes 151 frames of stereo images acquired from the moving mobile robot.
Building Multicast Trees in Ad-hoc Networks (2008)

Multicast trees are used in a variety of applications, such as publish/subscribe systems or content distribution networks. Existing algorithms for ad-hoc networks typically produce multicast trees requiring many nodes to act as relays even though they are not part of the multicast group. In this pap
Spi2Java: automatic cryptographic protocol Java code generation from SPI calculus (2004)

The aim of this work is to describe a tool (Spi2Java) that automatically generates Java code implementing cryptographic protocols described in the formal specification language spi calculus. Spi2Java is part of a set of tools for spi calculus, also including a preprocessor, a parser, and a security analyzer. The latter can formally analyze protocols and detect protocol flaws. When a protocol has been analyzed and an adequate confidence about its correctness has been reached, Spi2Java can generate a corresponding correct Java implementation of the protocol, thus dramatically reducing the risk of introducing security flaws in the coding phase.
A Deep Non-linear Feature Mapping for Large-Margin kNN Classification (2009)

KNN is one of the most popular data mining methods for classification, but it often fails to work well with inappropriate choice of distance metric or due to the presence of numerous class-irrelevant features. Linear feature transformation methods have been widely applied to extract class-relevant information to improve kNN classification, which is very limited in many applications. Kernels have also been used to learn powerful non-linear feature transformations, but these methods fail to scale to large datasets. In this paper, we present a scalable non-linear feature mapping method based on a deep neural network pretrained with Restricted Boltzmann Machines for improving kNN classification in a large-margin framework, which we call DNet-kNN. DNet-kNN can be used for both classification and for supervised dimensionality reduction. The experimental results on two benchmark handwritten digit datasets and one newsgroup text dataset show that DNet-kNN has much better performance than large-margin kNN using a linear mapping and kNN based on a deep autoencoder pretrained with Restricted Boltzmann Machines.
Effect of Al doping on phase formation and thermal stability of iron\n nitride thin films (2015)

In the present work, we systematically studied the effect of Al doping on the\nphase formation of iron nitride (Fe-N) thin films. Fe-N thin films with\ndifferent concentration of Al (Al=0, 2, 3, 6, and 12 at.%) were deposited using\ndc magnetron sputtering by varying the nitrogen partial pressure between 0 to\n100%. The structural and magnetic properties of the films were studied using\nX-ray diffraction and polarized neutron reflectivity. It was observed that at\nthe lowest doping level (2 at.% of Al), nitrogen rich non-magnetic Fe-N phase\ngets formed at a lower nitrogen partial pressure as compared to the un-doped\nsample. Interestingly, we observed that as Al doping is increased beyond 3at.%,\nnitrogen rich non-magnetic Fe-N phase appears at higher nitrogen partial\npressure as compared to un-doped sample. The thermal stability of films were\nalso investigated. Un-doped Fe-N films deposited at 10% nitrogen partial\npressure possess poor thermal stability. Doping of Al at 2at.% improves it\nmarginally, whereas, for 3, 6 and 12at.% Al doping, it shows significant\nimprovement. The obtained results have been explained in terms of\nthermodynamics of Fe-N and Al-N.\n
Ueber Acetondiessigsäure oder Hydrochelidonsäure (1889)

erhalte so 75 bis 80 pC.reines Anhydrid.Dieser Amgabe habe ich a. a. 0.