gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalysts for hydrogen energy (2015)

This special topic volume deals with the development of novel solid state electrocatalysts of a high performance to enhance the rates of the hydrogen or oxygen evolution. It contains a description of various types of metals, alloys and composites which have been obtained using electrodeposition in aqueous solutions that has been identified to be a technologically feasible and economically superior technique for the production of the porous electrodes. The goal was to produce papers that would be useful to both the novice and the expert in hydrogen technologies. This volume is intended to be us
ECA railways: trends, prospects, and challenges (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems and potentials of ECA railways by evaluating the past trends and future prospects of a sample of nine railways -- those of Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Turkey - and comparing them to the railways of France, Germany, and the U.S.A. Currently, the nine ECA railways have large amounts of redundant employees, as well as track, locomotives, and rolling stock in excess of future needs. Modernization of railway assets must be preceded by rationalization since it is unrealistic to expect financially stretched Governments to provide the required funding. Moreover, even if this were feasible, it would not be efficient.
Using Eye Tracking to Trace a Cognitive Process: Gaze Behaviour During Decision Making in a Natural Environment (2013)

The visual behaviour of consumers buying (or searching for) products in a supermarket was measured and used to analyse the stages of their decision process. Traditionally metrics used to trace decision-making processes are difficult to use in natural environments that often contain many options and unstructured information. Unlike previous attempts in this direction (i.e. Russo & Leclerc, 1994), our methodology reveals differences between a decision-making task and a search task. In particular the second (evaluation) stage of a decision task contains more re-dwells than the second stage of a comparable search task. This study addresses the growing concern of taking eye movement research from the laboratory into the ‘real-world’, so findings can be better generalised to natural situations.
Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry of Complex Carbohydrates: Collision Cross Sections of Sodiated N-linked Glycans (2013)

Currently, the vast majority of complex carbohydrates are characterized using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Measuring the molecular mass of a sugar, however, immediately poses a fundamental problem: entire classes of the constituting monosaccharide building blocks exhibit an identical atomic composition and, consequently, also an identical mass. Therefore, carbohydrate MS data can be highly ambiguous and often it is simply not possible to clearly assign a particular molecular structure. A promising approach to overcome the above-mentioned limitation is to implement an additional gas-phase separation dimension using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which is a method in which molecules of identical mass and structure but different structure can be separated according to their shape and collision cross section (CCS). With the emergence of commercially available hybrid ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) instruments in 2006, IMS technology became readily available. Because of the nonhomogeneous, traveling wave (TW) field utilized in these instruments, however, CCS values currently cannot be determined directly from the drift times measured. Instead, an external calibration using compounds of known CCS and similar molecular identity is required. Here, we report a calibration protocol for TW IMS instruments using a series of sodiated N-glycans that were released from commercially available glycoproteins using an easy-to-follow protocol. The underlying CCS values were determined using a modified Synapt HDMS instrument with a linear drift tube, which was described in detail previously. Our data indicate that, under in-source fragmentation conditions, only a few glycans are required to obtain a TW IMS calibration of sufficient quality. In this context, however, the type of glycan was shown to be of tremendous importance. Furthermore, our data clearly demonstrate that carbohydrate isomers with identical mass but different conformation can be distinguished based on their CCS when all the associated errors are taken into account.
Genetic and Cellular Toxicology of Dental Resin Monomers (2006)

Monomers are released from dental resin materials, and thus cause adverse biological effects in mammalian cells. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some of these methacrylates have been identified in a vast number of investigations during the last decade. It has been well-established that the co-monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) causes gene mutations in vitro. The formation of micronuclei is indicative of chromosomal damage and the induction of DNA strand breaks detected with monomers like TEGDMA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). As a consequence of DNA damage, the mammalian cell cycle was delayed in both G1 and G2/M phases, depending on the concentrations of the monomers. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the genetic and cellular toxicology of resin monomers have remained obscure until recently. New findings indicate that increased oxidative stress results in an impairment of the cellular pro- and anti-oxidant redox balance caused by monomers. It has been demonstrated that monomers reduced the levels of the natural radical scavenger glutathione (GSH), which protects cell structures from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Depletion of the intracellular GSH pool may then significantly contribute to cytotoxicity, because a related increase in ROS levels can activate pathways leading to apoptosis. Complementary, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of TEGDMA and HEMA are inhibited in the presence of ROS scavengers like N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ascorbate, and Trolox (vitamin E). Elevated intracellular levels of ROS can also activate a complex network of redox-responsive macromolecules, including redox-sensitive transcription factors like nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). It has been shown that NF-kappaB is activated probably to counteract HEMA-induced apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis by TEGDMA in human pulp cells has been associated with an inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) cell-survival signaling pathway. Although the details of the mechanisms leading to cell death, genotoxicity, and cell-cycle delay are not completely understood, resin monomers may be able to alter the functions of the cells of the oral cavity. Pathways regulating cellular homeostasis, dentinogenesis, or tissue repair may be modified by monomers at concentrations well below those which cause acute cytotoxicity.
Predicting Application Failure in Cloud: A Machine Learning Approach (2017)

Despite employing the architectures designed for high service reliability and availability, cloud computing systems do experience service outages and performance slowdown. In addition to these, large-scale cloud systems experience failures in their hardware and software components which often result in node and application (e.g., jobs and tasks) failures. Therefore, to build a reliable cloud system, it is important to understand and characterize the observed failures. The goal of this work is to identify the key features that correlate to application failures in cloud and present a failure prediction model that can correctly predict the outcome of a task or job before it actually finishes, fails or gets killed. To accomplish this, we perform a failure characterization study of the Google cluster workload trace. Our analysis reveals that, there is a significant consumption of resources due to failed and killed jobs. We further explore the potential for failure prediction in cloud applications so that we can reduce the wastage of resources by better managing the jobs and tasks that ultimately fail or get killed. For this, we propose a prediction method based on a special type of Recurrent NeuralNetwork (RNN) named Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM) to identify application failures in cloud. It takes resource usage measurements or performance data for each job and task, and the goal is to predict the termination status (e.g., failed and finished etc.) of them. Our algorithm can predict task failures with 87%accuracy and achieves a true positive rate of 85% and false positive rate of 11%.
Ion Transport and Respiratory Control in Vesicles Formed from Cytochrome Oxidase and Phospholipids (1972)

Abstract Vesicles formed from cytochrome oxidase and phospholipids catalyzed the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c in a manner similar to that of intact mitochondria. A respiration-dependent release of protons and uptake of potassium ions were observed in the presence of valinomycin with reduced 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-sulfonate as reductant for cytochrome c. With ascorbate as reductant 3- to 5-fold stimulation of respiration was observed on addition of uncouplers or ionophorous agents.
Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterial phase shifters (MPS) in MMIC technology (2006)

This paper presents the modeling and design of one-dimensional metamaterial phase shifters (MPSs) in monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit technology based on the composite right/left-handed transmission-line approach. From a theoretical point-of-view, we show that existing design expressions are restricted to phase shifters behaving as effective media, which is the case only if sufficiently large L and C loading elements can be designed in the given technology and at the frequency of interest. Therefore, we propose new design expressions, which are exact on the basis of the circuit model of a unit cell in the structure. We show that the new expressions must be used to design integrated MPSs and the theory is verified by means of measurements of one- and two-cell phase shifters exhibiting a 0/spl deg/ phase shift at 17.5GHz. The designed one-cell phase shifter provides a -10-dB input return-loss bandwidth larger than 10% with phase shifts of +29/spl deg/ and -30/spl deg/ at 16.5 and 18.5 GHz, respectively. The insertion loss is -1.3 dB at the center frequency and -1.7 dB at the limit of the bandwidth.
An improved physico-chemical model of hybridization on high-density oligonucleotide microarrays (2008)

The method was implemented for the R software and can be downloaded from our website (http://www-shimizu.ist.osaka-u.ac.jp/shimizu_lab/FHarray/).
A combination of NLOS radar technology and LOS optical technology for defence & security (2007)

This paper describes a new system specifically designed for defence & security applications combining non-line-of-sight radar technology and camera technology. After a description of the new challenges caused by limited regional conflicts and terrorism, an innovative ground-based solution built with an UHF radar, called ground-alerter-one, and an IR camera is presented. Details on the frequency band choice are given. The design principles are explained and some results of operational trials conducted during the last few months are presented. (6 pages)
Physicochemical Properties of Suplatast Tosilate Racemate and Enantiomers (1996)

The physicochemical properties of the enantiomer and racemates of suplatast tosilate (ST) were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and by measuring the solubility and hygroscopy. The infrared and NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction pattern of the enantiomer were distinctly different from those of the racemate. The melting point of the enantiomer was lower than that of the racemate by 5 degrees C, while the solubility of the enantiomer was 1.3 times higher than that of the racemate. The hygroscopic rate of the enantiomer was greater than that of the racemate. These results suggested that ST was classified into a racemic compound crystal. Furthermore, by comparing the relative peak intensity ratios on X-ray diffraction patterns of the crystals with various optical purities prepared by recrystallization, it was found that a mixture of racemic compound crystals and either of racemic mixture crystals or racemic solid solutions was obtained by recrystallization of ST in the content of 0 to 64%ee, while the recrystallization of ST in the content of more than 64%ee led to the formation of racemic mixture crystals or racemic solid solutions.
T‐817MA, a neurotrophic agent, ameliorates the deficits in adult neurogenesis and spatial memory in rats infused i.c.v. with amyloid‐β peptide (2009)

These results suggest that defective hippocampal neurogenesis is a new target for AD treatment. The neurotrophic compound T-817MA increased hippocampal neurogenesis in an AD model and might be useful for treatment of AD patients.
Efficiency and Side Effects of Prostaglandin El in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (1988)

The efficiency and side effects of a single dose of intracorporeally applied prostaglandin E1 (20 mcg.) in inducing penile erection were examined. In addition, the effect of this dose of prostaglandin E1 was compared to the effect of 7.5 mg. papaverine plus 0.25 mg. phentolamine in a double-blind, crossover designed study. We tested twice 12 men 52.9 +/- 7.6 years old (mean +/- standard deviation) with erectile dysfunction. On 1 occasion the subjects received 20 mcg. prostaglandin E1 and on the other they received 7.5 mg. papaverine and 0.25 mg. phentolamine. At this dosage prostaglandin E1 was most effective in inducing artificial penile erection (11 of 12 patients). However, 75 per cent of the subjects reported burning sensations during the entire period of erection and in 1 prostaglandin E1 treatment resulted in a sustained erection. At the doses used, prostaglandin E1 was more effective in inducing penile erection than papaverine plus phentolamine (11 versus 6 patients). Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 is a potent tool for artificial penile erection and warrants precise examination for its potential clinical use.
Lead-free ternary perovskite compounds with large electromechanical strains (2011)

Lead-free compounds based on perovskite solid solutions in the ternary system (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3–Bi(X1/2Ti1/2)O3, where X = Ni and Mg have been shown to exhibit large electromechanical strains. While the perovskite end members Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 and Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 display limited stability in their pure state, both compounds were found to have solid solubilities of at least 50 mol. % with (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 and (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3. Most importantly, under relatively large applied fields, these materials exhibited large hysteretic electromechanical strains characterized by a parabolic shape. With effective piezoelectric coefficients (d33*) greater than 500 pm/V, these systems have excellent potential as a Pb-free piezoelectric materials.
Pyridine-functionalized mesoporous silica as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of acid dyestuffs (2006)

Pyridine-functionalized mesoporous silica was prepared via direct condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)isonicotinamide using the copolymer P123 as structure-directing agent, and employed as adsorbent for the removal of alizarin red S, reactive brilliant red X-3B and reactive yellow X-RG from waste water. The adsorption measurements showed that, due to the large surface areas and the high affinity of pyridine groups, the prepared adsorbents exhibit a high adsorption capacity and an extremely rapid adsorption rate for acid dyestuffs. Using the linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms, the experimental equilibrium data were analyzed. It is found that the experimental data for the adsorption of alizarin red S and reactive brilliant red X-3B can fit the Langmuir isotherm, while the Freundlich model is very suitable for describing the adsorption behavior of reactive yellow X-RG. On the basis of the Langmuir analysis, the monolayer adsorption capacities were determined to be 143.8, 891.1 and 3369.3 mg of dye per gram of adsorbent for alizarin red S, reactive brilliant red X-3B and reactive yellow X-RG, respectively. Since the pyridine unit is known as a good ligand for various metal ions, a hydrogen-bonding donor as well as an organic base, pyridine-functionalized mesoporous silica should be a promising absorbent not only for acid dyestuffs, but also for other organic and inorganic pollutants.
Characterization of a particle size distribution in a Ni-C granular thin film by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (2007)

A grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) technique has been applied for characterizing a particle size distribution of nickel nano-particles in a nickel-carbon granular (Ni-C granular) film fabricated by a cosputtering method on a silicon substrate. The particles were modelled as a spherical shape in order to calculate scattering intensity, and a Γ-distribution was employed for determining the size distribution. In addition, a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) was also measured in order to determine crystallite size of the particles. The crystallite size was analyzed by the Sherrer equation. The average particle size and the crystallite size are 5.7 and 5.2 nm respectively. These results suggest most of nickel particles are single crystal.
Mastocytic Enterocolitis: Increased Mucosal Mast Cells in Chronic Intractable Diarrhea (2006)

In chronic intractable diarrhea, colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term mastocytic enterocolitis describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in patients with other specific diseases that cause chronic diarrhea. The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.
Syntactic analysis of natural language using linguistic rules and corpus-based patterns (1994)

We are concerned with the syntactic annotation of unrestricted text. We combine a rule-based analysis with subsequent exploitation of empirical data. The rule-based surface syntactic analyser leaves some amount of ambiguity in the output that is resolved using empirical patterns. We have implemented a system for generating and applying corpus-based patterns. Some patterns describe the main constituents in the sentence and some the local context of the each syntactic function. There are several (partly) reduntant patterns, and the "pattern" parser selects analysis of the sentence that matches the strictest possible pattern(s). The system is applied to an experimental corpus. We present the results and discuss possible refinements of the method from a linguistic point of view.
An Entry to a Chiral Dihydropyrazole Scaffold:  Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Imines (2005)

We have developed a versatile strategy to access dihydropyrazoles in highly enantioenriched form. Dipolar cycloaddition of electron-deficient acceptors and in situ-generated nitrile imines proceeds with high regio- and enantioselectivity using 10 mol % chiral Lewis acid catalyst. A variety of dihydropyrazoles that incorporate functionality for further manipulation have been prepared.
Extraordinary Optical Reflection from Annular Dielectric Nanorod Arrays (2015)

Responses of free standing subwavelength annular dielectric nanorod arrays are described. Extreme reflection peaks with high quality factor follow a multiple scattering approach, which can be explained by geometrical resonance. It is demonstrated that the value and the resonant frequency of the sharp geometric resonance modes can be tuned by geometric parameters such as the outer radius, inner radius of the annular nanorod array, and incidence angle sensitively, which can provide new regulating factors and guidance for the design of novel optical device using the dielectric material with a lower volume.
Temperature Coefficients in the Acid Hydration of Sodium Pyrophosphate (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature Coefficients in the Acid Hydration of Sodium PyrophosphateSamuel J. Kiehl and Edward Claussen Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 11, 2284–2289Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01314a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01314a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bisulfite-Converted DNA Quantity Evaluation: A Multiplex Quantitative Real-Time PCR System for Evaluation of Bisulfite Conversion (2021)

Bisulfite (BS) conversion, which includes a series of chemical reactions using bisulfite, is a prerequisite to most DNA methylation analysis methods, and thus is an essential step in the associated research process. Unfortunately, BS conversion leads to the degradation or loss of DNA, which can hinder further downstream analysis. In addition, it is well known that incomplete BS conversion is crucial, as it causes an exaggeration of the DNA methylation level, which can adversely affect the results. Therefore, there have been many attempts to measure three key features of BS conversion: BS conversion efficiency, recovery, and degradation level. In this study, a multiplex quantitative real-time PCR system named BisQuE was suggested to simultaneously analyze three important aspects of the conversion step. By adopting cytosine-free PCR primers for two differently sized multicopy regions, the short amplicon and long amplicon were obtained from both the genomic and BS-converted DNA, thus enabling the obtaining of reliable and sensitive results and the calculation of the degradation level of the conversion step. Also, probes for detecting converted/unconverted templates and C-T indicators for inducing the formula were included in this assay to quantify BS-converted DNA in order to compute the conversion efficiency and recovery. Six BS conversion kits (EZ DNA Methylation-Lightning Kit, Premium Bisulfite kit, MethylEdge<sup>®</sup> Bisulfite Conversion System, EpiJET Bisulfite Conversion Kit, EpiTect Fast DNA Bisulfite Kit, and NEBNext<sup>®</sup> Enzymatic Methyl-seq Conversion Module) were tested in 20 samples using 50 ng of genomic DNA as an input with the BisQuE. The conversion efficiency, degradation levels, as well as recovery rates of the kits were investigated. A total of 99.61-99.90% conversion efficiency was perceived for five of the kits, while the NEBNext kit showed about 94%. The lowest degradation level was shown by the NEBNext kit, whereas the other kits were quite similar. The recovery rates of the kits were found to be within the range of 18-50%. A Qubit assay was also used to compare the recovery rate of BisQuE.