gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androctonin, a hydrophilic disulphide-bridged non-haemolytic anti-microbial peptide: a plausible mode of action (2000)

Androctonin is a 25-residue non-haemolytic anti-microbial peptide isolated from the scorpion Androctonus australis and contains two disulphide bridges.Androctonin is different from known native anti-microbial peptides, being a relatively hydrophilic and non-amphipathic molecule.This raises the possibility that the target of androctonin might not be the bacterial membrane, shown to be a target for most amphipathic lytic peptides.To shed light on its mode of action on bacteria and its nonhaemolytic activity, we synthesized androctonin, its fluorescent derivatives and its all--amino acid enantiomer.The enantiomer preserved high activity, suggesting a lipid-peptide interaction between androctonin and bacterial membranes.In Gram-positive and (at higher concentrations) Gram-negative bacteria, androctonin induced an immediate perturbation of the permeability properties of the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial energetic state, concomitant with perturbation of the morphology of the cell envelope as revealed by electron microscopy.Androctonin
A Magnetic Record-Reproduce Head (1950)

It is the purpose of this paper to discuss various features of a combination magnetic record-reproduce head of the ring-shaped type, known as MI-10794, with emphasis more on the general principles of construction than details of assembly. Shown in the paper are various lamination shapes for ring-type heads; the change of head inductance with change of front-gap and back-gap spacer thickness; the lamination stacking factor as a function of lamination thickness; the shape of the lamination employed for the subject head; flux distribution patterns about the front-gap of a record head for various thicknesses of front-gap spacer; the “gap effect” of a reproduce head; the output voltage and inductance of a reproduce head as a function of the front-gap reluctance; and a photograph of the finished record-reproduce head.
Implications on a Designed Questionnaire about English Teachers’ In-class Example Designs (2013)

How to give examples is an important class behavior of college EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers. This paper adopted the macrostrategies claimed by Kumaravadivelu in his Postmethod Theory. Through the analysis of questionnaires, the paper explored students’ opinions about English EFL teachers’ in-class example designs. The research results indicate that students prefer the sentences loaded with some cultural or social knowledge; teachers don’t need to write the whole sentence on the blackboard or in PowerPoint; only the structure or the key words of the sentence need to be provided; the sentences could help students review the previous language points etc. These remind the teachers, when giving examples, should pay attention to the cultural input, in-class interaction and strategy teaching, which are coherent with macrostrategies in Postmethod era. In a word, the analysis of language teachers’ in-class example sentence giving behavior could help teachers improve their teaching quality, thus help improve EFL learners’ English proficiency.
Lung inflammation and damage induced by extracellular histones (2014)

Despite decades of research, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an important clinical challenge due to an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms. No FDA-approved drug therapy currently exists for treatment of humans with ARDS. There is accumulating evidence in rodents and humans suggesting that extracellular histones are strong drivers of inflammation and tissue damage. We recently described an important role for extracellular histones during acute lung injury (ALI) in mice (Bosmann et al., <i>FASEB J</i>. 27:5010-5021 (2013)). Extracellular histones were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with ARDS but not in BALF from non-ARDS patients in intensive care units. Extracellular histones were also detected in BALF from mice during experimental ALI. The presence of extracellular histones was dependent on the two C5a receptors (C5aR and C5L2) and availability of neutrophils. Extracellular histones were highly pro-inflammatory, and caused severe damage to respiratory function. Intratracheal instillation of histones resulted in pro-inflammatory mediator production, epithelial cell damage, disturbances in alveolar-capillary gas exchange, lung consolidation, activation of the coagulation cascade, and in some cases, death. Antibody-mediated neutralization of extracellular histones attenuated C5a-induced ALI. Together, these data suggested a prominent role for extracellular histones in the pathophysiology of ALI. The predominant source of histones in ALI may be neutrophils that have been activated by C5a to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Therapeutic targeting of extracellular histones may provide a novel approach to combat ARDS in humans.
Benzalkonium Chloride as a Source of Infection (1960)

BENZALKONIUM chloride is widely used as a germicide in clinical medicine. When used correctly it is an agent of proved effectiveness, but its misuse can result in severe and even fatal infections.1 This study records 2 separate incidents at Walter Reed Army Hospital occurring approximately a year apart in which benzalkonium chloride¶ was incriminated as the source of contamination. In the first incident, 11 patients from the gastrointestinal and hematologic wards apparently acquired infections from solutions of benzalkonium chloride that were used for skin disinfection. The second incident occurred in the delivery room, but no known infections were recorded, mainly . . .
Optimization of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of Escherichia coli O111 and O26 from minced beef (2003)

The optimized enrichment and plating procedure described for the recovery of E. coli O111 and O26 from meat can be used to extend research on these emerging pathogens in beef.
Double blind placebo control trial of large neutral amino acids in treatment of PKU: Effect on blood phenylalanine (2007)

Large neutral amino acids (LNAA) have been used on a limited number of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) with the purpose of decreasing the influx of phenylalanine (Phe) to the brain. In an open-label study using LNAA, a surprising decline of blood Phe concentration was found in patients with PKU in metabolic treatment centres in Russia, the Ukraine, and the United States. To validate the data obtained from this trial, a short-term double-blind placebo control study was done using LNAA in patients with PKU, with the participation of three additional metabolic centres--Milan, Padua and Rio de Janeiro. The results of the short trial showed significant lowering of blood Phe concentration by an average of 39% from baseline. The data from the double-blind placebo control are encouraging, establishing proof of principle of the role of orally administered LNAA in lowering blood Phe concentrations in patients with PKU. Long-term studies will be needed to validate the acceptability, efficacy and safety of such treatment.
Drilling into complex 3D models with gimlenses (2013)

Complex 3D virtual scenes such as CAD models of airplanes and representations of the human body are notoriously hard to visualize. Those models are made of many parts, pieces and layers of varying size, that partially occlude or even fully surround one another. We introduce Gimlenses, a multi-view, detail-in-context visualization technique that enables users to navigate complex 3D models by interactively drilling holes into their outer layers to reveal objects that are buried, possibly deep, into the scene. Those holes get constantly adjusted so as to guarantee the visibility of objects of interest from the parent view. Gimlenses can be cascaded and constrained with respect to one another, providing synchronized, complementary viewpoints on the scene. Gimlenses enable users to quickly identify elements of interest, get detailed views of those elements, relate them, and put them in a broader spatial context.
Use of Xylose Dehydrogenase from Trichoderma viride in an Enzymic Method for the Measurement of Pentosan in Barley (2003)

A xylose dehydrogenase has been isolated from Trichoderma viride. It has been used as part of an enzyme-based assay to measure pentosan in barley. Pentosan is extracted with perchloric acid and then hydrolyzed by a cocktail of enzymes including xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, feruloyl esterase and acetyl esterase. Some 92% conversion to xylose was obtained, and this is measured in turn using a xylose dehydrogenase-based assay mixture involving NAD-dependent reduction of phenazine methosulphate monitored from absorbance increase at 585 nm. The xylose dehydrogenase is somewhat unstable and this will need to be enhanced for the assay to be functional.
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion知りたいことがズバッとわかる本 (2012)

１ Ｍａｃの基本 ２ システム環境設定とセキュリティ ３ インターネット ４ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ連携とネットワーク ５ コミュニケーション＆メール ６ オンラインサービス ７ ｉＣｌｏｕｄ、ｉＰｈｏｎｅ＆ｉＰａｄ連携 ８ エンターテインメント活用 ９ ビジネス活用 １０ 達人Ｔｉｐｓ ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘ ＦＡＱ
Thioredoxin may exert a protective effect against tissue damage caused by oxidative stress in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. (2007)

Parallel production of oxidative stress markers together with massive secretion of TRX suggests that oxidative stress induces TRX in the salivary gland. Moreover, suppression of IL-6 production and apoptosis by rTRX in HSG cells suggests TRX acts to protect the salivary glands of SS patients from tissue damage.
Temperature control of multiline oscillation of a TEA CO2 laser (1979)

Irtran-2 and ZnSe were used as temperature-controlled etalons to generate multiline oscillation of a TEA CO2 laser. Different combinations of multilines of the 10.6-μm band were obtained with good reproducibility by temperature controlling these etalons in the laser cavity.
Direct Quantification of Damaged Nucleotides in Oligonucleotides Using an Aerolysin Single Molecule Interface (2020)

DNA lesions such as metholcytosine(<sup>m</sup>C), 8-OXO-guanine (<sup>O</sup>G), inosine (I), etc. could cause genetic diseases. Identification of the varieties of lesion bases are usually beyond the capability of conventional DNA sequencing which is mainly designed to discriminate four bases only. Therefore, lesion detection remains a challenge due to massive varieties and less distinguishable readouts for structural variations at the molecular level. Moreover, standard amplification and labeling hardly work in DNA lesion detection. Herein, we designed a single molecule interface from the mutant aerolysin (K238Q), whose sensing region shows high compatibility to capture and then directly convert a minor lesion into distinguishable electrochemical readouts. Compared with previous single molecule sensing interfaces, the temporal resolution of the K238Q aerolysin nanopore is enhanced by two orders, which has the best sensing performance in all reported aerolysin nanopores. In this work, the novel K238Q could discriminate directly at least three types of lesions (<sup>m</sup>C, <sup>O</sup>G, I) without labeling and quantify modification sites under the mixed heterocomposition conditions of the oligonucleotide. Such a nanopore electrochemistry approach could be further applied to diagnose genetic diseases at high sensitivity.
Individual multilocus genotypes using microsatellite polymorphisms to permit the analysis of the genetic variability within and between Italian beef cattle breeds1 (1995)

We investigated the genetic variability within and between cattle breeds. The polymorphisms of 17 microsatellites were studied in 220 unrelated animals belonging to four Italian beef cattle breeds (Chianina, Marchigiana, Romagnola, and Piemontese). Variations of allelic frequencies were examined to characterize the breeds and their relationships. Wahlund coefficients, Polymorphism Information Content values, and Haldane exact test for Hardy-Weinberg proportions were calculated. The results show that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not always maintained. Moreover, in addition to the classical genetic distances, a new method, based on the consideration of a multilocus genotype of each animal, was set up to measure the genetic similarity between animals or within groups of animals. All the results showed that, whereas Chianina occupies an intermediate position and Piemontese is the most distinct of all four breeds, Marchigiana and Romagnola display the strongest similarity. The new method also provides evidence that average similarities are always higher within breeds than between breeds. By comparing pairwise the multilocus genotypes, it was also possible to discriminate the individuals with higher or lower genetic similarities so that each breed could be subdivided into two groups of animals in relation to their similarity to the average breed multilocus genotype. High similarities between breeds were detected, somewhat surprisingly, when the most homogeneous groups of each breed were compared. The microsatellite multilocus genotype is particularly efficient in evaluating the between- and within-breeds genetic similarities and for subgrouping genetically more homogeneous animals.
Robust Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Nano‐electromechanical Devices: Understanding and Eliminating Prevalent Failure Modes Using Alternative Electrode Materials (2010)

The failure modes common to widely pursued carbon-nanotube-based nano-electromechanical systems are investigated. A fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms for failure and their relation to the device design space is developed through complementary in situ electromechanical characterization and dynamic multiphysics models. It is then found that the facile replacement of commonly used metal thin-film electrodes with diamondlike carbon structures leads to a dramatic improvement in reliability. This enables experimental demonstration of numerous actuation cycles without failure, and reliable application to volatile memory operations.
Adaptive placement and migration policy for an STT-RAM-based hybrid cache (2014)

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) such as Spin-Torque Transfer RAM (STT-RAM) and Resistive RAM (RRAM) have been explored as potential alternatives for traditional SRAM-based Last-Level-Caches (LLCs) due to the benefits of higher density and lower leakage power. However, NVM technologies have long latency and high energy overhead associated with the write operations. Consequently, a hybrid STT-RAM and SRAM based LLC architecture has been proposed in the hope of exploiting high density and low leakage power of STT-RAM and low write overhead of SRAM. Such a hybrid cache design relies on an intelligent block placement policy that makes good use of the characteristics of both STT-RAM and SRAM technology.
Nanolitre droplet array for real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (2011)

Recently, more and more effort has been put into the miniaturization of genetic tests such as quantitative PCR (qPCR), because it is no doubt a powerful tool for molecular diagnosis and quantitative biology. In this paper, we developed a low density nanolitre droplet array generated on a chemical modified silicon chip for gene quantification. Reliable and sensitive two step real time qRT-PCR assay for microRNA measurement was performed within 500 nL droplets. It has a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude, allowing for the quantification of microRNA input from 10(3) to 10(9) copies per reaction. We successfully applied the platform for quantitative measurement of mir-122 across five cultured cell lines. The minimum total RNA input was as low as 1 pg per assay, which showed great potential for gene quantification at single cell level. We envision the droplet based qPCR chip would be a universal and low-cost platform for gene quantification in ordinary biological laboratories.
The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease (2011)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Activated microglia themselves release a large number of inflammatory mediators thus perpetuating neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. The Kynurenine pathway (KP), the main catabolic pathway for tryptophan, is one of the major regulators of the immune response and may also be implicated in the inflammatory response in parkinsonism. The KP generates several neuroactive compounds and therefore has either a neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect. Several of these molecules produced by microglia can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-signalling pathway, leading to an excitotoxic response. Previous studies have shown that NMDA antagonists can ease symptoms and exert a neuroprotective effect in PD both in vivo and in vitro . There are to date several lines of evidence linking some of the KP intermediates and the neuropathogenesis of PD. Moreover, it is likely that pharmacological modulation of the KP will represent a new therapeutic strategy for PD.
High‐Yield Expression of Fully Bioactive N‐Terminal Parathyroid Hormone Analog in Escherichia coli (2000)

A fully active analog of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) has been produced by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Initially, a nucleotide sequence encoding hPTH(1-34)-Asp-Pro was ligated to a proinsulin gene in the plasmid pUC8, for the eventual expression of a fusion protein of 137 amino acids. Unexpectedly, the proinsulin gene and 340 bp downstream were deleted by an unknown mechanism during transformation of the E. coli. This resulted in a new plasmid encoding a small (72-amino acid) fusion product of hPTH(1-34)-Asp35-Pro36-X, where X is a 36-residue "arbitrary" downstream sequence of pUC8. The fusion product was efficiently expressed and the hPTH analog, [Asp35]hPTH-(1-35), was readily released by acid cleavage, with a yield of 100 mg/L. This analog had an effective concentration for half-maximal adenylyl cyclase stimulation (EC50) in rat osteosarcoma cells of 14 nM, which was identical to that for hPTH-(1-34). In the ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis, [Asp35]hPTH-(1-35) was fully active as a bone anabolic agent.
Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis (2010)

A number of anti-osteoporotic drugs, predominantly inhibitors of bone resorption, are currently used in the management of patients with osteoporosis to reduce the risk of fractures. While the management of the disease has improved significantly, there are still unmet needs, mainly due to a lack of agents able to replace bone that has already been lost. Human and animal genetics have identified the pivotal role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of bone formation by the osteoblasts and have made it a very attractive target for the development of novel treatments for osteoporosis. In this article, we review evidence that supports the targeting of components of the Wnt signaling pathway for the design of bone-forming treatments for osteoporosis.
<title>Near-infrared linear birefringence measurement system using a photoelastic modulator</title> (2001)

In this paper, the author reports a photoelastic modulator based linear birefringence measurement system (BMS) using a near IR laser . This instrument determines both the magnitude and angle of a birefringent sample without rotating the sample. It records birefringence images by scanning a sample that is mounted on a computer-controlled X-Y translation stage. The accuracy, repeatability and other key performance test for the NIR-BMS are provided in this report. Selected samples, including silicon optical components, a silicon wafer and waveplates commonly used at visible wavelengths, are studied using the NIR-BMS.
Toxicity to Rats of Corn Invaded by <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> (1966)

Of 53 isolates of Chaetomium globosum Kunze isolated from corn, manufactured feed, and fiberboard, grown on autoclaved corn, and fed to rats, 25 were lethal within 4 to 6 days. Thirty-six single ascospore cultures of one isolate were uniformly lethal when similarly grown and fed to rats. Incubation of the fungus on corn for 6 to 8 weeks resulted in greater toxicity than shorter incubation times. Premortem symptoms indicated damage to the central nervous system of the affected animals, and postmortem lesions included hemoglobinuria, hemorrhagic enteritis, and subdural hemorrhaging. Corn invaded by C. globosum and toxic to rats had no detectable effects on swine when fed as their sole ration for 6 weeks, and appeared to be consumed with relish. The toxic substance was best obtained by defatting the fungus-invaded corn with petroleum ether (bp, 60 to 70 C), extraction with acetone, and further purification by elution from a silica gel column with acetone and 5% acetone in chloroform.
Doxepin affects acetylcholine induced cutaneous reactions in atopic eczema (2001)

The clinical and experimental effectiveness of doxepin as an antipruritic drug has been known for years. However, studies focusing on ACH as a pruritogenic mediator have not been performed. The duration of the doxepin application in our study seems to be appropriate since flare and wheal development were diminished. The reason why doxepin did not develop more antipruritic action compared to the vehicle cream may be due to the fact that the doxepin free cream already possessed an antipruritic action in this experimental study design. This is probably caused by rehydrating and moisturizing effects.
Photodecarboxylation of nitrophenylacetate ions (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodecarboxylation of nitrophenylacetate ionsJ. David Margerum and Cunegunda T. PetrusisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 10, 2467–2472Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01038a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01038a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts