gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous alkylation of poly( <i>m</i> ‐phenylene isophthalamide) (1996)

Abstract Homogeneous alkylation of poly( m ‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) was carried out in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Alkyl halides such as benzyl bromide and allyl bromide were reacted with sodium‐metallated PMIA. When the Taft equation was applied to this substitution reaction, the linear relationship was apparently obtained between log k / k 0 and σ * . The molecular weight of alkylated PMIA decreased by sodium‐metallation and alkylation reactions. The weight loss of PMIA derivatives on heating increased with an increasing degree of substitution of the benzyl group, but it was improved by the reaction of the unsaturated alkyl group with 1,2‐ethanedithiol.
[Experience in using an autovaccine in treating patients with chronic osteomyelitis]. (1993)

Autovaccine immunization (AI) of 60 patients with chronic osteomyelitis resulted in 93% success (significant in 43%) in formerly failures both with surgical and medical treatment. The method of manufacturing the autovaccine is described, immunization schemes are given.
Parallel ID Shadow-Map Decompression on GPU (2010)

ID shadow-maps are used for robust real-time rendering of shadows. The primary disadvantage of using shadow-maps is their excessive size for large scenes in case high quality shadows are needed. To eliminate large memory requirements and texture-size limitations of the current generation GPUs, texture compression is an important tool. We present a framework where compressed ID-shadow-maps are used for real-time rendering of static scene shadows. The texture compression is performed off-line on the CPU and real-time decompression is performed on the GPU within a fragment-shader for shadowing the pixels. The use of ID shadow-maps (instead of conventional depth-based shadow-maps) is the key to high compression ratios. The ID shadow-map is compressed on the CPU by first partitioning it into blocks. Each compressed block is packed densely into a global array, while a pointer table is constructed that holds a pointer to the start of every compressed block in the global array. This data organization provides the GPU with a random access to the start of each compressed block thus enables fast parallel decompression. The proposed decompression shader-program and the underlying data structures can be applied to any type of array consisting of integers. The framework is implemented using OpenGL and GLSL.
Enhancing the Adhesive Strength of a Plywood Adhesive Developed from Hydrolyzed Specified Risk Materials (2016)

The current production of wood composites relies mostly on formaldehyde-based adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins. As these resins are produced from non-renewable resources, and there are some ongoing issues with possible health hazard due to formaldehyde emission from such products, the purpose of this research was to develop a formaldehyde-free plywood adhesive utilizing waste protein as a renewable feedstock. The feedstock for this work was specified risk material (SRM), which is currently being disposed of either by incineration or by landfilling. In this report, we describe a technology for utilization of SRM for the development of an environmentally friendly plywood adhesive. SRM was thermally hydrolyzed using a Canadian government-approved protocol, and the peptides were recovered from the hydrolyzate. The recovered peptides were chemically crosslinked with polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin to develop an adhesive system for bonding of plywood specimens. The effects of crosslinking time, peptides/crosslinking agent ratio, and temperature of hot pressing of plywood specimens on the strength of formulated adhesives were investigated. Formulations containing as much as 78% (<i>wt</i>/<i>wt)</i> peptides met the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specifications of minimum dry and soaked shear strength requirement for UF resin type adhesives. Under the optimum conditions tested, the peptides⁻PAE resin-based formulations resulted in plywood specimens having comparable dry as well as soaked shear strength to that of commercial PF resin.
Theory of Internal Toxin in TC M (2002)

The toxin widely exists in both internal and external body.The external toxin is easily found but the internal toxin is hard to be known.The internal toxin includes phlegm and damp toxin,blood stasis toxin,ruined blood toxin,Qi stagnation toxin,reechy sperm toxin,fire and heat toxin,fluid consuming constipation toxin,ruine toxin etc.The toxin can cause either chronic or acute toxicosis,impede and weaken the function of viscera,lead to decrepitude,manifest distention and pain,change emotion and consciousness,and make the diseases to be lingering or become chronic.So,the meaning of detoxication is broad and the fundamentality of detoxication is alleviating depression and regulating qi.
Algorithmic Trading Patterns in Xetra Orders (2007)

Computerized trading controlled by algorithms - 'Algorithmic Trading' - has become a fashionable term in investment banking. We investigate a set of Xetra order data to find traces of algorithmic trading by studying the lifetimes of canceled orders. Even though it is widely agreed that an algorithm must randomize its order activities to avoid exploitation by other traders, we still find systematic patterns in the submission and cancellation of certain Xetra orders, indicating the activity of algorithmic trading. The trading patterns observed might be interpreted as fishing for profitable round trips.
Recognition of handwritten digits using structural information (2002)

This article presents an off-line method for recognizing handwritten digits. Structural information and quantitative features are extracted from images of isolated numerals to be classified by a hybrid multi-stage recognition system. Feature extraction starts with the raw pixel-image and derives more structured representations like line-drawings and attributed structural graphs. Classification is done in two steps: 1) the structural graph is matched to prototypes; 2) for each prototype there is a neural classifier which has been trained to distinguish digits represented by the same graph-structure. The performance of the described system is evaluated on two large databases (provided by SIEMENS AG and NIST) and is compared to other systems. Finally, the combination of the described system and a time-delay neural network classifier is discussed. The experimental results indicate that there is an advantage in using structural information to enhance an unstructured neural classifier.
Effect of a metalloporphyrin antioxidant (MnTE-2-PyP) on the response of a mouse prostate cancer model to radiation. (2009)

MnTE-2-PyP did not protect RM-9 prostate tumors against radiation damage and was not toxic under the conditions used. The drug-induced enhancement of certain immune parameters suggests that MnTE-2-PyP may be beneficial not only as a normal tissue radioprotectant, but also as a facilitator of antitumor immunity.
Review of Thermal Packaging Technologies for Automotive Power Electronics for Traction Purposes (2018)

Due to its superior electrical and thermal characteristics, silicon carbide power modules will soon replace silicon modules to be mass-produced and implemented in all-electric and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs). Redesign of the power modules will be required to take full advantage of these newer devices. A particular area of interest is high-temperature power modules, as under-hood temperatures often exceed maximum silicon device temperatures. This review will examine thermal packaging options for standard Si power modules and various power modules in recent all-electric and HEVs. Then, thermal packaging options for die-attach, thermal interface materials (TIM), and liquid cooling are discussed for their feasibility in next-generation silicon carbide (SiC) power modules.
Limonene-induced regression of mammary carcinomas. (1992)

Dietary administration of the monocyclic monoterpenoid d-limonene causes complete regression of both dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene- and N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary carcinomas. Carcinomas regress when limonene is added to the diet either when the tumor is small and still capable of spontaneously regressing or when it is large and progressed beyond the stage when it is susceptible to spontaneous regression. The limonene dose-tumor regression response relationship is steep. Significant regressions are not observed at 5% dietary levels, while a majority of tumors completely regress above a 7.5% dietary level. Limonene appears to act in a cytostatic fashion. Its removal from the diet results in a significant number of tumor recurrences. Regressing tumors have a unique histopathological appearance that is not associated with gross cytotoxicity, immune cell involvement, or apoptosis. Preliminary analysis suggests a remodeling/redifferentiation event underlying regression. The underlying mechanism of action of limonene in causing tumor regression is unknown. However, it should be noted that limonene can selectively inhibit the isoprenylation of small G proteins. Monoterpenoids such as limonene represent a novel class of anticancer drugs with the potential to cause tumor regressions with limited toxicity.
Preparation and properties of immobilized papain and lipase (1977)

Abstract Papain and lipase were immobilized on derivatized Sepharose 4‐B. The activated agarose had a binding capacity of 1.2 μmol amino groups/ml packed agarose or 17 mg proteins/g dry agarose. The immobilized enzyme preparations were tested for the effects of pH of assay, temperature of assay, and substrate concentrations. The effect of 6M urea on the activity of papain was also determined. Soluble forms of the enzymes were used for comparison. Immobilization of the enzymes resulted in slightly different pH and temperature optima for activities. For immobilized papain K m (app) was similar to the one observed with soluble papain. Immobilization of lipase, however, caused a decrease in K m values. The immobilized enzyme preparations were stable when stored at 4°C and pH 7.5 for periods up to eight months. The soluble enzymes lost their activity within 96 hr under similar storage conditions. Immobilized papain did not lose any activity after treatment with 6M urea for 270 min, whereas soluble papain lost 81% of its activity after the urea treatment, indicating that the immobilization of papain imparted structural and conformational stability to this enzyme.
Why Calcium-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases? (2004)

The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases, AC1 and AC8, play a critical role in several forms of neuroplasticity, including long-lasting long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and long-term memory (LTM). By coupling neuronal activity and Ca(2+) increases to the production of cAMP, AC1 and AC8 activate cAMP-dependent signal transduction and transcriptional pathways critical for L-LTP and LTM.
What Keeps Postpulmonary Resection Patients in Hospital? (2003)

These results suggest that increased LOS following pulmonary resection is due primarily to prolonged air leaks. Furthermore, patients who have their chest tubes removed sooner are discharged sooner.
Considerations of neutral current protection operation during cascade short-circuit of capacitor unit (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of the capacitor bank neutral current protection operation during cascade short-circuit of capacitor units. A specific example bank is used to assist in the understanding and use of this information that can be applied to all ungrounded neutral double-wye capacitor banks including modern all-film capacitors with external expulsion fuses. The performed analysis is based on the developed analytical expressions of state variables in unbalanced conditions of these capacitor banks. An approach to prevent a misoperation of the neutral current protection during the progressive failure of capacitor units is proposed.
Cis-Dimerization Mediates Function of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (2008)

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane component of tight junctions that has been proposed to play a role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion and migration, yet mechanistic structure-function studies are lacking. Although biochemical and structural studies indicate that JAM-A forms cis-homodimers, the functional significance of dimerization is unclear. Here, we report the effects of cis-dimerization-defective JAM-A mutants on epithelial cell migration and adhesion. Overexpression of dimerization-defective JAM-A mutants in 293T cells inhibited cell spreading and migration across permeable filters. Similar inhibition was observed with using dimerization-blocking antibodies. Analyses of cells expressing the JAM-A dimerization-defective mutant proteins revealed diminished beta1 integrin protein but not mRNA levels. Further analyses of beta1 protein localization and expression after disruption of JAM-A dimerization suggested that internalization of beta1 integrin precedes degradation. A functional link between JAM-A and beta1 integrin was confirmed by restoration of cell migration to control levels after overexpression of beta1 integrin in JAM-A dimerization-defective cells. Last, we show that the functional effects of JAM dimerization require its carboxy-terminal postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zonula occludins-1 binding motif. These results suggest that dimerization of JAM-A regulates cell migration and adhesion through indirect mechanisms involving posttranscriptional control of beta1 integrin levels.
Two Mammalian Mitotic Aurora Kinases: Who's Who? (2001)

Several serine-threonine kinases related to the Ipl1p kinase in budding yeast, termed aurora kinases, have been cloned recently. Their characterization revealed them to be important regulators of mitotic functions, including (i) the separation of the centrosome, (ii) assembly of the spindles, and (iii) segregation of the chromosomes. The Perspective by Descamps and Prigent delves into the latest observations on aurora kinases in humans and the specific roles of each kinase within the process of mitosis.
[Processes of spore formation and gramicidin C formation by Bacillus brevis var. G.B]. (1977)

Correlation between gramidicin C biosynthesis and sporulation in the process of Bac. brevis var. G.B. cultivation under various aeration conditions was studied. It was shown that biosynthesis of gramicidin C was characteristic of the young cells and its level was the highest during the culture active growth. The time of the sporulating forms appearance depended on the aeration rate which defined the quantitative composition of the population during the phase of the culture active growth and the stationary phase. Under the optimal aeration conditions the spore formation started during the phase of the culture active growth after some decrease in the maximum level of the cell productivity with respect to the antibiotic. When the aeration rate was increased the spore formation was shifted to later periods of the culture development, i.e. the stationary phase and the phase of the cell autolysis, the gap between the highest levels of gramicidin C buosynthesis and the beginning of sporulation being increased. Under certain aeration conditions the spore formation was not observed, while gramicidin C was synthesized. A conclusion has been made that there is no correlation between gramacidine C biosynthesis and sporualtion in Bacillus brevis var. G.B.
Myocardial glutathione depletion impairs recovery after short periods of ischemia. (1989)

Isolated, isovolumic rat hearts, perfused by Krebs-Henseleit buffer at constant coronary flow rate, were used to explore the hypothesis that endogenous cardiac glutathione provides protection against myocardial dysfunction associated with short periods of ischemia. Experimental animals were depleted of cardiac glutathione to 35% of control levels by intraperitoneal injections of diethylmaleate (DEM). Left ventricular pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and glutathione levels were measured in control and experimental hearts after 60 minutes of oxygenated perfusion and after 20 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. With each protocol, both control and glutathione-depleted hearts received either standard buffer or one supplemented with 2 mM glutathione. Recovery of systolic function after ischemia-reperfusion was impaired in DEM-treated hearts compared with controls. In addition, the rise in perfusion pressure and chamber stiffness was also greater in DEM-treated hearts compared with controls. Recovery in glutathione-depleted hearts was improved when the reperfusate was supplemented with glutathione. In addition, the supplemented reperfusate prevented the decrease in compliance and the increase in coronary perfusion pressure in the glutathione-depleted hearts. Ischemia-reperfusion alone were not associated with a significant alteration in myocardial glutathione levels. Prewashout myocardial levels of glutathione were elevated after reperfusion with glutathione-supplemented buffer but fell to baseline levels after a short washout period. These studies demonstrate that endogenous glutathione is important in protection of myocardium from injury after ischemia-reperfusion, presumably by modifying levels of active oxygen intermediates. The smaller changes in left ventricular pressure and coronary resistance after administration of GSH probably reflects an extracellular mechanism because benefit is seen soon after reperfusion.
Optical properties of clad and unclad sapphire fiber (1994)

Single-crystal sapphire fibers have been grown, using the laser heated pedestal technique, with losses as low as 0.7 dB/m and with lengths up to 150 cm. We have applied polymer and sol- gel coatings to the fibers and we have evaluated the performance of these coatings as optical cladding. The best coating seems to be teflon AF even though the coatings are reasonably thin and low temperature.
Efficient Object-Based Software Transactions (2005)

This paper proposes an efficient object-based implementation of non-blocking software transactions. We use ideas from software distributed shared memory to efficiently implement transactions with little overhead for non-transactional code. Rather than emulating a flat transactional memory, our scheme is object-based, which allows compiler optimizations to provide better performance for long-running transactions. We present empirical data on transaction properties to support the design. A model for the software transaction implementation is given in Promela, whose correctness has been mechanically verified using the Spin model checker. The design presented cooperates well with an HTM providing support for small short transactions.
Buffalo Gourd Root Starch. Part I. Properties and Structure (1983)

Abstract The structural and physico‐chemical properties of starch isolated from three genetically different populations of buffalo gourd ( Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) were explored. The proximate composition of this starch was found to be similar to that of other starches. Granules were depicted to vary in shape (round, oval, truncated) and to resemble maize starch in size. A change in X‐ray diffraction behavior from a B‐ to a C‐type pattern was observed upon autoclaving raw gourd starch. Average physico‐chemical values were reported as follows: amylose content, 23.1%; water binding capacity, 112; and gelatinization temperature range, 61–69°C. Variation in alkali numbers among samples of this starch was extensive. A highly ordered internal structure of the granule was suggested by low values of swelling power and solubility and high initial pasting temperatures. Pasting curves of buffalo gourd starches were developed which revealed stable gel viscosities throughout the temperature cycle. Amylose fractions were found to be resistant to β‐amylase attack and exhibited an average DP η of 1915. Amylopectins were shown to have an average DP η of 2000, and an OCL to ICL of 1.3 to 1.
Cholesterol requirement of P3-X63-Ag8 and X63-Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells for growth in vitro. (1987)

P3-X63-Ag8 and X63-Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells have an absolute requirement for cholesterol for growth under serum-free conditions. This requirement can be satisfied by low density lipoprotein at 2-6 micrograms/ml or by BSA-bound cholesterol at 5-10 micrograms/ml. Cholesterol-independent variants can be selected after prolonged growth in low concentrations of serum.
STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ALKYL‐ PHENOL ETHYLENE OXIDE ETHER NON‐IONIC SURFACTANTS AND THREE WATER‐SOLUBLE HERBICIDES (1966)

Summary. Several alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether non‐ionic surfactants were tested in aqueous foliar sprays with dalapon, amitrole and paraquat for (heir enhancement of phytocidal activity against Zea mays L. With three homologous series of surfactants studied (octyl‐, nonyl‐ and laurylphenol types), the herbicide, the surfactant concentration and the hydrophilic constitution (ethylene oxide content) of the surfactant molecule all markedly influenced maximum toxicity. Smaller apparent differences in effectiveness were also attributable to the hydrophobic (alkylphenol) portion of the surfactant. The results arc discussed in relation to possible cuticle‐spray solution interactions and their influence on herbicide penetration. Relations entre la structure et l'activite de produits tensio‐actifs non ionigues, a base d'éther d'oxyde éthylénique et d'alkylphénol, en présence de trois herbicides hydrosolubles
Two dimensional equalization scheme of orthogonal coding multi-carrier CDMA under frequency selective fading environment (2002)

This paper describes a two dimensional (2D) equalization scheme using a higher degree equation to estimate the phase/amplitude variations of the frequency selective fading. The 2D equalization scheme reduces the multiple access interference (MAI) using the estimated parameters which is obtained by iterative estimation of the 2D coding preamble signal. The estimated phase variation of the frequency selective fading is obtained by a minimum square law using a higher degree predictive equation. The first degree and quadric equations are evaluated for frequency domain estimation. The estimated values are updated by a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). This paper evaluates the characteristics of the 2D equalization for the case of 2.048 Mbps of high speed data transmission under a frequency selective fading environment, when the fading frequencies are 50 and 100 Hz and two path conditions exist.