gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated acousto-optic and magneto-optic devices for optical information processing and communications (1996)

A variety of hybrid surface acoustic waves (SAW)-based integrated acousto-optic (AO) Bragg cell device modules including power and interferometric RF spectrum analyzers, space switches, tunable filters, frequency shifters and modulators, analog algebraic processors, programmable correlators, and other multichannel device modules have been realized previously in common LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> substrate up to 1.0 X 3.7 cm<SUP>2</SUP> in maximum size. The prospects for realization of their counterparts in monolithic integrated format in a common substrate of InGaAsP material system are significantly enhanced recently. In the meantime, the magnetooptic (MO) Bragg interactions between guided optical waves and magnetostatic waves in yttrium iron garnet- gadolinium gallium garnet substrates have resulted in miniaturized MO Bragg cell modulators in analogy with the guided-wave AO Bragg cell modulators. Recently, the performance of such MO Bragg cell modulators has been significantly improved and the modulators have been integrated with ion-milled waveguide lenses to realize hybrid integrated MO device modules. Such MO modulators have been utilized to demonstrate a number of novel applications. In this paper, a review of some of the most recent advances in integrated AO and MO device modules and applications together with some unpublished new results are presented.
A Novel One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazolidine-3,5-diones (2007)

A simple and one-pot pathway for the preparation of 4-substituted phenyl derivatives of triazolidindiones (urazoles), ­starting from aniline derivatives is reported. In these methods aniline derivatives were reacted with ethyl chloroformate, to give the corresponding carbamate derivatives. In the second step ­semicarbazide derivatives were prepared from these carbamates by reaction with ethyl carbazide. The cyclization reactions of the ­corresponding semicarbazides furnished triazolidindiones. All reactions were performed in one vessel without the isolation of reaction intermediates, such as carbamates and semicarbazides, and the final products were isolated in good yields.
The HearSay non-visual web browser (2007)

This paper describes HearSay, a non-visual Web browser, featuring context-directed browsing, a unique and innovative Web accessibility feature, and an extensible VoiceXML dialog interface. The browser provides most of the standard browsing functionalities, including flexible navigation and form-filling. The paper also outlines future work aiming to make the Web more accessible for individuals with visual impairments.
Fixed negative charge and the Donnan effect: a description of the driving forces associated with brain tissue swelling and oedema (2010)

Cerebral oedema or brain tissue swelling is a significant complication following traumatic brain injury or stroke that can increase the intracranial pressure (ICP) and impair blood flow. Here, we have identified a potential driver of oedema: the negatively charged molecules fixed within cells. This fixed charge density (FCD), once exposed, could increase ICP through the Donnan effect. We have shown that metabolic processes and membrane integrity are required for concealing this FCD as slices of rat cortex swelled immediately (within 30 min) following dissection if treated with 2 deoxyglucose + cyanide (2DG+CN) or Triton X-100. Slices given ample oxygen and glucose, however, did not swell significantly. We also found that dead brain tissue swells and shrinks in response to changes in ionic strength of the bathing medium, which suggests that the Donnan effect is capable of pressurizing and swelling brain tissue. As predicted, a non-ionic osmolyte, 1,2 propanediol, elicited no volume change at 2000 x 10(-3) osmoles l(-1) (Osm). Swelling data were well described by triphasic mixture theory with the calculated reference state FCD similar to that measured with a 1,9 dimethylmethylene blue assay. Taken together, these data suggest that intracellular fixed charges may contribute to the driving forces responsible for brain swelling.
Temperature-aware routing in 3D ICs (2006)

3D integrated circuits (3D ICs) provide an attractive solution for improving circuit performance. Such solutions must be embedded in an electrothermally-conscious design methodology, since 3D ICs generate a significant amount of heat per unit volume. In this paper, we propose a temperature-aware 3D global routing algorithm with insertion of and to lower the effective thermal resistance of the material, thereby reducing chip temperature. Since thermal vias and thermal wires take up lateral routing space, our algorithm utilizes sensitivity analysis to judiciously allocate their usage, and iteratively resolve contention between routing and thermal vias and thermal wires. Experimental results show that our routing algorithm can effectively reduce the peak temperature and alleviate routing congestion.
The Development of a Radio‐Stethoscope for use in the Horse at Rest and during Exercise (1978)

The development of a radio-stethoscope for horses is described. The equipment consisted of a sound transducer applied to the skin adjacent to the trachea and a radio transmitter attached to the saddle. The signals emitted were detected by telemetry and recorded on a magnetic tape-recorder. The recorder incorporated a monitor earphone so that sounds could be reproduced at the time of recording. The frequency response obtainable ranged from a few Hz to 4 KHz. This technique provided an objective means of studying the respiratory sounds generated during exercise although absolute values could not be measured.
Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Derived Materials for Energy and Water Sustainability (2020)

Energy and water are of fundamental importance for our modern society, and advanced technologies on sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as water resource management are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Beyond their traditional biological applications, hydrogels are emerging as an appealing materials platform for energy- and water-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties. In this review, we highlight the highly tunable synthesis of various hydrogels, involving key synthetic elements such as monomer/polymer building blocks, cross-linkers, and functional additives, and discuss how hydrogels can be employed as precursors and templates for architecting three-dimensional frameworks of electrochemically active materials. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structure-property relationships of hydrogel materials based on fundamental gelation chemistry, ultimately targeting properties such as enhanced ionic/electronic conductivities, mechanical strength, flexibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and desirable swelling behavior. The unique interconnected porous structures of hydrogels enable fast charge/mass transport while offering large surface areas, and the polymer-water interactions can be regulated to achieve desirable water retention, absorption, and evaporation within hydrogels. Such structure-derived properties are also intimately coordinated to realize multifunctionality and stability for different target devices. The plethora of stimulating examples is expounded with a focus on batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, solar water purification, and atmospheric water harvesting, which showcase the unprecedented technological potential enabled by hydrogels and hydrogel-derived materials. Finally, we study the challenges and potential ways of tackling them to reveal the underlying mechanisms and transform the current development of hydrogel materials into sustainable energy and water technologies.
Reactivity of Hybridoma Antibodies with Amniotic and Plasma Fibronectin (1980)

Mouse antibodies were prepared to human amniotic fluid fibronectin by means of somatic cell hybrids. Comparison of immunological reactivity of antibodies with amniotic and plasma fibronectin revealed that the two molecules had very similar patterns of antigenic determinants. Antibodies from one cell population, however, bound better to amniotic fluid fibronectin, indicating that there is a difference in the molecular structure of fibronectins isolated from the two sources.
Herd-level prevalence of Johne's disease in Utah and adjacent areas of the intermountain west as detected by a bulk-tank milk surveillance project (2010)

The objectives of this study were to estimate the dairy herd-level prevalence of Johne's disease (JD) in Utah and nearby areas of the intermountain west and to estimate the sensitivity of a single bulk-tank milk test for JD detection. Two milk samples from all bulk tanks on the study farms were collected 1 mo apart. Samples were frozen and shipped to a laboratory for JD testing. An ELISA to measure total IgG antibody specific against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, the etiological agent that causes JD, and a quantitative real-time PCR to detect M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis DNA were used; both tests were designed for bulk milk. Of the dairy farms in the study area, 170/246 (69%) participated. Positive JD results were found in bulk milk from 67/170 (39%) of dairy farms in Utah and adjacent areas. There were 138 JD-positive bulk-tank results from 241 bulk-tank samples from the 67 positive herds. The sensitivity of the bulk milk testing for detection of JD was 138/241(57%). From the 103 JD-negative farms, 235 bulk-tank samples tested negative for JD. The probability of false-negative results on a single bulk-milk sample was (1 - 0.57) = 0.43. For farms with 1 bulk tank, 2 samples collected 1 mo apart, with both samples testing negative (by both ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR) for JD, the true-negative probability was [1 - (0.43)(2)] = (1 - 0.18) = 82%. For farms with at least 2 bulk tanks, at least 4 samples tested, with all results negative for JD, the true-negative probability was at least 97%. Results support other estimates that prevalence of JD has increased over the last 15 to 20 yr. However, the prevalence detected was 3 times that from a recent report where 13% of dairy herds in the western US were positive. The increase in JD suggests that current control programs, at least as applied, are not effective. Bulk milk testing is a practical way to screen dairy herds for presence of JD. Studies are needed regarding the use of individual cow milk tests for accuracy, practicality, and effectiveness in reducing the prevalence of JD in dairy herds.
Analysis of Dredging Efficiency for Operation of Dredging Cutter Head (2009)

In this experiment, the cutter head was designed as the down-scaled shape from the cutter head of the Asan-3 of Hyundai Construction Company. The dredging simulation instrument was installed in the experiment water tank which has the dimension of 4.2 m (L) 2.2 m (W) 1.5 m (H). The speed of all components were controlled manually through the hydraulic tool and motors to find the effective desilting condition. As the results, the experiment was conducted to find the optimate dredging cutter head operation rate. To compare the factors which effect on the dredging effectiveness, the dimensionless dredging volume ratio was introduced and it can be found the best effectiveness at 2.0 m/s suction speed, 8 cm dredging depth and 4~4.5 dimensionless dredging volume ratio. Therefore, in order to take the best effectiveness these 3 components factors should be adequately considered.
Multivariate Non-Linear Feature Selection with Kernel Multiplicative Updates and Gram-Schmidt Relief (2003)

We address problems of classification in which the number of input components (variables, features) is very large compared to the number of training samples. In this setting, it is often desirable to perform a feature selection to reduce the number of inputs, either for efficiency, performance, or to gain understanding of the data and the classifiers. We compare a number of methods on mass-spectrometric data of human protein sera from asymptomatic patients and prostate cancer patients. We show empirical evidence that, in spite of the high danger of overfitting, non-linear methods can outperform linear methods, both in performance and number of features selected. 1 Background on the Problem of Feature Selection The problem of variable and feature selection has been tackled from many perspectives. For a review, see (Guyon and Elisseeff 2003) and references therein. This problem has recently attracted a lot of attention because new application domains produce data with huge numbers of features (10,000, 100,000, or even millions), e.g. in bioinformatics for the study of the genome and the proteome, in pharmacology for high throughput drug screening, and in text processing. A recent benchmark that we have organized presents results on a variety of datasets
Adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from <i>Propionibacterium shermanii</i>. Active holoenzyme produced from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1990)

The linked structural genes coding for both subunits of adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium shermanii have been altered by site-directed mutagenesis and placed under the control of an inducible phage-T7-specific plasmid promoter in Escherichia coli. Conditions have been found under which both alpha- and beta-subunits are produced in soluble form, in near 1:1 ratio, and assemble to form apo-mutase totalling about 5% of the total cellular protein. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase purified from these cells could be readily converted into the holoenzyme by addition of adenosylcobalamin. The active holoenzyme apparently crystallizes in the same space group as an inactive corrinoid-containing form of the enzyme obtained previously.
Live interaction distinctively shapes social gaze dynamics in rhesus macaques (2016)

The dynamic interaction of gaze between individuals is a hallmark of social cognition. However, very few studies have examined social gaze dynamics after mutual eye contact during real-time interactions. We used a highly quantifiable paradigm to assess social gaze dynamics between pairs of monkeys and modeled these dynamics using an exponential decay function to investigate sustained attention after mutual eye contact. When monkeys were interacting with real partners compared with static images and movies of the same monkeys, we found a significant increase in the proportion of fixations to the eyes and a smaller dispersion of fixations around the eyes, indicating enhanced focal attention to the eye region. Notably, dominance and familiarity between the interacting pairs induced separable components of gaze dynamics that were unique to live interactions. Gaze dynamics of dominant monkeys after mutual eye contact were associated with a greater number of fixations to the eyes, whereas those of familiar pairs were associated with a faster rate of decrease in this eye-directed attention. Our findings endorse the notion that certain key aspects of social cognition are only captured during interactive social contexts and dependent on the elapsed time relative to socially meaningful events.
Realization of silicon based ultrasound micro-systems (1999)

This thesis describes the conception, design, implementation and ex perimental ch.aracteriza.tion of ultrasoimd micro-systems.Such Systems are intended for ultrasoimd control applications in industrial automa- tion, which so far relied on costiy and bulky piezo-ceramic transducers.Two examples are discussed -an ultrasoimd barrier detector micro-
Solid Inorganic Electrolyte Regenerative Fuel Cell System (1967)

Sintered zirconium phosphate membranes containing zeolites have significant water absorptive capacities over a temperature range of from ambient to 150°C. This feature makes them sufficiently conductive for fuel cell applications over this temperature range. Such membranes have transverse strengths of 5000 to 6000 psi. They readily gain and lose water vapor in a reversible manner while maintaining good stability. This accounts for promising results obtained to date for regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells using this membrane. In addition to presenting regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell data, water absorptivity and conductivity data are given and interpreted in terms of membrane composition and structure.
Botulism in an Adult Associated with Food-Borne Intestinal Infection with<i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (1986)

Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by the action of a heat-labile neurotoxin elaborated by Clostridium botulinum. Botulism in adults typically results from ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated food, whereas in botulism in infants and in wound botulism, the neurotoxin is produced in vivo after multiplication of C. botulinum in the intestinal tract or infected wound, respectively.1 A fourth category, "classification undetermined," which was recently established by the Centers for Disease Control, includes cases occurring in persons older than one year of age in which it is not possible to implicate a specific food source on the basis . . .
The Interferon System and Vaccinia Virus Evasion Mechanisms (2009)

Vaccinia virus (VACV), a prototype member of the poxvirus family, has been used from the early times after interferons (IFN) were discovered, as a model virus cell system to analyze the mode of action of IFN. This large DNA-containing virus (around 200 kb) replicates entirely in the cytoplasm of the cell, taking rapidly over the host cell machinery for virus multiplication. In the presence of IFN, this virus exhibits sensitivity or resistance depending on the virus-host model. With the discovery of IFN-induced enzymes, the sensitivity of VACV to IFN was correlated with dsRNA activation of the protein kinase PKR and 2'-5'-OAS/RNaseL systems leading to a translational block by the phosphorylation of the eIF2 alpha factor and RNA breakdown. Following sequencing of the VACV genome and generation of deletion mutants, the resistance phenomenon to IFN was shown to be exerted through inhibition of multiple pathways. This review analyzes current knowledge on the VACV genes encoding proteins acting as decoy receptors to block the activity of type I and type II IFNs, targeting cytokines and chemokines, and antagonizing intracellular signaling pathways (pattern recognition receptors [PRRs] signaling). The molecular dissection of how VACV prevents the IFN response is providing important insights on our understanding of antiviral action and immune surveillance.
An access-based energy efficient clustering protocol for ad hoc wireless sensor network (2005)

The ad hoc wireless sensor network is usually deployed in severe environment with limit power supply, whose topology is dynamic and flexible. We developed an access-based energy efficient clustering protocol (ABEE), whose clustering algorithm is based on the outcome of the multiple access to the public channel. ABEE retains the advantage of access-based scheme such as self-organization, flexibility and stability. Also by considering the energy dissipation during the compression and transmission of the collected data, ABEE can provide uniformly distributed and energy efficient infrastructure for the upper lever protocols. We also propose to use coverage to judge the robustness of the network as well as the number of active nodes. Simulation is used to compare ABEE with the exclusively access-based clustering protocol in terms of rationality of the cluster structure, system lifetime and the coverage area. Our result shows that the ABEE can partition the large scale of nodes more rationally, efficaciously improve the system lifetime and the coverage of the whole network.
Stable free radicals. IV. Origin of asymmetry and rate of symmetrization of a spin-labeled .alpha.-sulfonyl carbanion (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable free radicals. IV. Origin of asymmetry and rate of symmetrization of a spin-labeled .alpha.-sulfonyl carbanionR. Darcy and Edwin F. UllmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 4, 1024–1025Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01032a040Request reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (279 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The usefulness of nimodipine, an L-calcium channel antagonist, in the treatment of tinnitus (1994)

Thirty-one patients were drawn from a tinnitus clinic, screened for other medical problems and treated for 4 weeks with 30 mg nimodipine four times daily. Before and after treatment, the intensity of their tinnitus was assessed subjectively on a scale 1-10. Five patients reported to have a great improvement in their tinnitus whilst two claimed a worsening of the condition. Of the five positive responders, four were treated further with 30 mg nimodipine per day for 4 weeks and 60 mg per day for a further 4 weeks. During this treatment they were assessed more objectively by the determination of the minimal masking level using narrow band noise. There was a good correlation between the subjective and objective assessment of their responses.
General Concepts of Biological Control (1996)

“Balance of Nature.” Virtually all pest populations are affected by natural enemies to some extent. In many cases, natural enemies are the primary regulating force of the pest populations. Natural controls include effects of natural enemies (predators, parasites, pathogens), other biotic (living) factors such as food availability and competition, and abiotic (non-living) factors such as weather and soil
A direct down-conversion receiver for coherent extraction of digital baseband signals using the injection locked oscillators (2008)

In today’s digital wireless communications direct down-conversion receiver is becoming a favorite choice due to its overall simplicity and low cost. However, carrier recovery of the received digitally modulated RF signal for clear IQ signal extraction at high symbol rates is not so simple. Until now, phase-locked loop (PLL) and/or direct-digital synthesizers (DDS) or combination of both have been used for better performance but at the expense of high complexity or cost. In this paper for the first time we propose a direct downconversion receiver that uses an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) for carrier recovery and frequency synthesizing. The results are shown for carrier recovery of a 2.1GHz 20Msps 8PSK signal and coherent demodulation of a 2.78GHz 160Msps QPSK signal. The receiver presented is of low-cost and low-complexity and applicable to any kind of digitally modulated signals reception. It can be used in many wireless applications as WiMax, RFID and sensor networks.