gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of alphaviruses in a genus-specific antigen capture enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (1991)

A genus-specific antigen capture assay using similar combinations of monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection of 24 alphaviruses belonging to the seven serocomplexes was developed. The sensitivity of the test ranged from 10(3.4) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for o'nyong-nyong virus to 10(6.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for Middelburg virus. The antigen capture test uses a combination of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid protein and envelope glycoprotein E1 of Semliki Forest virus.
Cell‐type‐specific calcium responses to drought, salt and cold in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> root (2000)

Little is known about the signalling processes involved in the response of roots to abiotic stresses. The Arabidopsis root is a model system of root anatomy with a simple architecture and is amenable to genetic manipulation. Although it is known that the root responds to cold, drought and salt stress with increases in cytoplasmic free calcium, there is currently no information about the role(s) of the functionally diverse cell types that comprise the root. Transgenic Arabidopsis with enhancer-trapped GAL4 expression in specific cell types was used to target the calcium reporting protein, aequorin, fused to a modified yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). The luminescence output of targeted aequorin enabled in vivo measurement of changes in cytosolic free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]cyt) in specific cell types during acute cold, osmotic and salt stresses. In response to an acute cold stress, all cell types tested as well as plants constitutively expressing aequorin displayed rapid [Ca2+]cyt peaks. However, there were significant quantitative differences between different cell types in terms of their response to cold stress, osmotic stress (440 mM mannitol) and salt stress (220 mM NaCl), implying specific roles for certain cell types in the detection and/or response to these stimuli. In response to osmotic and salt stress, the endodermis and pericycle displayed prolonged oscillations in cytosolic calcium that were distinct from the responses of the other cell types tested. Targeted expression of aequorin circumvented the technical difficulties involved in fluorescent dye injection as well as the lack of cell specificity of constitutively expressed aequorin, and revealed a new level of complexity in root calcium signalling.
Targeted α-therapy for control of micrometastatic prostate cancer (2004)

Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer in men. In spite of the most aggressive therapies, the control of metastatic prostate cancer remains an elusive objective and many patients die of secondary disease. Targeted alpha-therapy is an emerging therapeutic modality whereby a labeled protein selectively targets cancer cells and delivers a lethal payload, which can kill cancer cells in transit or preangiogenic cell clusters. Recent studies show that targeted alpha-therapy is highly cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells in vitro and can inhibit tumor growth in animal models. This review will consider alpha-emitting radionuclides and current in vitro and in vivo studies with alpha-radioconjugates, and will focus on cell-surface target antigens and targeting vectors for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Distinct phenotypes and regenerative potentials of early endothelial progenitor cells and outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood (2011)

The capability of postnatal neovascularization makes circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promising for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Using EPCs isolated from umbilical cord blood, this study aimed to clarify the transition of functional properties from early EPCs (e-EPCs) to outgrowth EPCs (og-EPCs) for potential applications in regenerative medicine. Mononuclear cells were collected from umbilical cord blood via density gradient centrifugation and further negatively selected by CD45. EPCs were sorted from mononuclear cells by the expression of CD34. e-EPCs (7 days of culture) and og-EPCs (3 weeks of culture) were characterized by morphology, intake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein, vessel-cord formation, cell surface phenotype and the expression of angiogenic genes. e-EPCs and og-EPCs were also compared for osteogenic differentiation under the stimulation of BMP-2. Chemotaxis by SDF-1 was compared among og-EPCs and the first- and second-day attached e-EPCs. Based on the expression of angiogenic genes, e-EPCs possessed few angiogenic properties in vitro and og-EPCs were angiogenic. e-EPCs, however, expressed significant CXCR4 and migrated toward the SDF-1 gradient. og-ECPs did not express CXCR4 and showed no response to SDF-1. During culture, gaining an angiogenic phenotype by og-EPCs is associated with the loss of homing potential. These contrast properties determine different potentials of e-EPCs and og-EPCs in regenerative medicine.
Intelligent standby concept (2000)

Modern consumer electronic products like TVs, VCRs, laser disc players, and Hi-Fi equipment offer users the convenience of switching the equipment on and off via a remote control handset. When this type of equipment is switched off, it is said to be in standby mode. In standby mode the equipment still has the power supply operating in order to provide power for the microcontroller and other standby circuitry. This power is typically ten Watts or higher. An intelligent standby circuit is described, whereby a combination of software and hardware interact in order to reduce the standby power. This method allows the power supply to be disconnected from the mains supply.
Unexpected Amantadine Intoxication in the Death of a Trauma Patient (1995)

We present a case of amantadine intoxication that developed unexpectedly in a hospitalized patient with craniocerebral trauma. The intoxication confused the clinical situation and contributed to the patient's deterioration and death. After excluding overdosage as the cause of the intoxication, we concluded that the excessive blood drug levels (39 mg/L) resulted from tubulointerstitial nephritis--induced renal failure. This case represents an example of an adverse drug reaction that resulted in an unusual drug intoxication and illustrates why toxicological analyses are important for investigation of deaths in hospitalized patients.
Possible Developments in Microbial and Other Sensors for Fermentation Control (1984)

Article de synthese. Detecteurs pour les substrats de fermentation (dosage du glucose, sucre assimilable, acide acetique). Detecteurs pour les populations cellulaires (electrode de type pile a combustible, dispositif potentiostatique, determination ultrasonique). Detecteurs pour les produits de fermentation (alcool, acide glutamique, acide formique, methane). Dosages microbiologiques (vitamine B 1 par dosage microbioelectrochimique, acide nicotinique, nystatine)
Development and Test of a Real Time Battery Impedance Estimation System (2006)

Electrochemical impedance measurement systems use the Bode analysis technique to characterize the impedance of an electrochemical process in a well-established and proven technique. The battery being evaluated is excited with a single frequency current and its response is measured. The process is repeated over a range of frequencies of interest until the spectrum of the impedance is obtained. The method is effective but time consuming, as the process is serial. A parallel approach using bandwidth limited noise as an excitation current can obtain the same information in less time. The system response to the noise is processed via correlation and fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms and many such responses are averaged. The result is the spectrum of response over the desired frequency range. The averaging of many responses also makes this process somewhat serial. Another technique assembles the current noise waveform from a sum of sinusoids each at a different frequency. The system response as a time record is acquired and processed with the FFT algorithm. To reduce noise, multiple time records of waveforms are processed and their resultant spectra averaged. This process is also serial. There is interest in real-time acquisition of battery impedance for control and diagnostics over a limited frequency range. To support this need, a true parallel approach has been developed by Montana Tech of the University of Montana (Montana Tech) that uses a single acquired time record of the battery response with duration compatible to a real-time control process. The system uses custom-designed instrumentation integrated with a National Instruments Data Acquisition System. The system excites a test battery with current and acquires a time record of the voltage response. The time record of data is processed with a Montana Tech-developed algorithm to yield a frequency spectrum of the test batteries impedance
A Simulator Study of Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Modern Glass Cockpit Aircraft (2001)

Monitoring failures are widely assumed to be responsible for breakdowns in pilot-automation coordination; however, only limited subjective and anecdotal data are available on the monitoring behavior of flight crews on glass cockpit aircraft. This study is the first to collect and relate both performance and eye-tracking data from pilots who flew a challenging scenario in a high-fidelity modern aircraft simulator. Twenty B-747-400 line pilots were recruited from two major U.S. airlines and were given a one-hour scenario that was designed specifically to assess pilots' use and monitoring of the automation. The findings from this study confirm that pilots experience considerable difficulties with tracking the status and behavior of the automation on modern glass cockpit aircraft. They appear to monitor flight mode annunciations to a much lesser extent and at a more superficial level than intended and expected by designers and training departments. Possible ways of supporting pilots more effectively through improved automation feedback and training are discussed.
The octupole microelectrode for dielectrophoretic trapping of single cells-design and simulation (2012)

Different microelectrode designs for a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based lab-on-chip, have significant effect on the DEP force produced. Study on the microelectrode factor is essential, as the geometry and the numbers of microelectrode can influence particles and/or cells polarization. This paper presents one of the three new microelectrode designs, called the octopule microelectrode, in a study on the microelectrode factor of the DEP trapping force. The octupole pattern was constructed on a metal-insulator-metal layer structured on a Silicon Nitride(Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) coated Silicon(Si) substrate. The first layer or back contact is made from a 20nm Nickel-Chromium(NiCr) and a 100nm gold (Au). Then, an insulator made of SU-8-2005 was spin-coated on the metal layer to create arrays of microcavities or cell traps. The third layer, where the octupole geometry was patterned, consists of 20nm NiCr and 100nm Au layers. The microcavities which were defined on the SU-8 layer, allows access to the back contact. Gradient of electric fields which represent the actual DEP trapping regions were profiled using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software. Then, the microelectrode trapping ability was evaluated using polystyrene microbeads suspended in deionised (DI) water as the cell model. Results obtained from the experiment were in agreement with results from simulation studies where polystyrene microbeads concentrated at the trapping region and filled the microcavity.
Consolidation and Interweaving of Composite Members by a Continuous Manufacturing Process (2006)

Recent research and development has resulted in a working prototype of an automated process for manufacturing IsoTruss® and other innovative open lattice composite structures which yields faster, and more predictable and consistent parts, while automatically consolidating individual members. This machine is sufficiently versatile to manufacture any type of open lattice structure fabricated from filamentary composite materials. The objectives of the research in this thesis were two-fold: (1) to validate this new process for making IsoTruss structures; and (2) to measure the compression strength and stiffness of specimens produced on the machine. In order to accomplish the first purpose, various parts were manufactured on this prototype machine, including: a six-node IsoTruss structure with single outer longitudinal members, a three-longitudinal member section of an inner longitudinal IsoTruss structure with consolidated members, and a two-bay IsoTruss panel structure. By creating and running patterns to make these parts, the hypothesis that the machine will make any geometry of IsoTruss structure was validated. The second objective of this research was accomplished by testing the compression strength and stiffness of specimens manufactured with this automated process. Buckling versus compression failure of members was examined by varying member aspect ratios. The effect of intersecting helical members was also explored, as was the effect of changing the number of braiding bobbins used to consolidate members. Testing showed that increasing the number of braiders increases consistency of the braided sleeves and reduces scatter in the results. The ratio of helical to longitudinal tows at a joint is directly related to the percent decrease in member strength at the joint. Compression failure of individual members is the preferred method of failure, because this type of failure absorbs significantly more energy. This research proves that the manufacturing process will produce even the most complex IsoTruss geometries, with the necessary consolidation of individual members. Findings also indicate that a few modifications -- such as improved bobbins, more reliable switches, more accurate pulling system, etc. -- will enable this automated process to produce composite lattice structures with superior mechanical properties.
Is the subunit of prostatic phosphatase active? Reversible denaturation of prostatic acid phosphatase. (1990)

Prostatic acid phosphatase [E.C. 3.1.3.2.] is a dimeric protein consisting of two identical subunits. This enzyme was denatured in 6 M urea solution at pH 2.5, and kinetical analysis of reactivation by dilution was performed. At low protein concentrations a second-order kinetics for reactivation of phosphatase, with rate constant 8.3 m M-1sec-1, was observed. At higher protein concentrations the reactivation obeyed first-order kinetics. These results seem to exclude the possibility that subunits of the prostatic phosphatase are catalytically active and suggest that the association of two monomers is necessary for full activity.
License Plate Recognition (LPR): A Review with Experiments for Malaysia Case Study (2014)

Most vehicle license plate recognition use neural network techniques to enhance its computing capability. The image of the vehicle license plate is captured and processed to produce a textual output for further processing. This paper reviews image processing and neural network techniques applied at different stages which are preprocessing, filtering, feature extraction, segmentation and recognition in such way to remove the noise of the image, to enhance the image quality and to expedite the computing process by converting the characters in the image into respective text. An exemplar experiment has been done in MATLAB to show the basic process of the image processing especially for license plate in Malaysia case study. An algorithm is adapted into the solution for parking management system. The solution then is implemented as proof of concept to the algorithm.
When Edge Meets Learning: Adaptive Control for Resource-Constrained Distributed Machine Learning (2018)

Emerging technologies and applications including Internet of Things (IoT), social networking, and crowd-sourcing generate large amounts of data at the network edge. Machine learning models are often built from the collected data, to enable the detection, classification, and prediction of future events. Due to bandwidth, storage, and privacy concerns, it is often impractical to send all the data to a centralized location. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning model parameters from data distributed across multiple edge nodes, without sending raw data to a centralized place. Our focus is on a generic class of machine learning models that are trained using gradient-descent based approaches. We analyze the convergence rate of distributed gradient descent from a theoretical point of view, based on which we propose a control algorithm that determines the best trade-off between local update and global parameter aggregation to minimize the loss function under a given resource budget. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated via extensive experiments with real datasets, both on a networked prototype system and in a larger-scale simulated environment. The experimentation results show that our proposed approach performs near to the optimum with various machine learning models and different data distributions.
Distributed monitoring and control of future power systems via grid computing (2006)

It is now widely accepted within the electrical power supply industry that future power systems operates with significantly larger numbers of small-scale highly dispersed generation units that use renewable energy sources and also reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In order to operate such future power systems securely and efficiently it will be necessary to monitor and control output levels and scheduling when connecting such generation to a power system especially when it is typically embedded at the distribution level. Traditional monitoring and control technology that is currently employed at the transmission level is highly centralized and not scalable to include such significant increases in distributed and embedded generation. However, this paper proposes and demonstrates the adoption of a relatively new technology 'grid computing' that can provide both a scalable and universally adoptable solution to the problems associated with the distributed monitoring and control of future power systems
C-RNTI management for orthogonally-filled subframes in LTE heterogeneous networks (2015)

In heterogeneous cellular networks for mobile communications, small cells are deployed within the coverage range of primary macro cells to provide for a localized capacity boost in traffic hotspots. The sharing of communication channels among the small-cell and macro-cell tiers is spectrally efficient, but causes failures of control signaling and data channels due to unmitigated co-channel interference. Consequently, the small-cell coverage range and capacity is reduced. In LTE networks, the performance of some control channels (namely, PDCCH) is of particular concern because the LTE standard does not allow interference coordination in those, but only allows for interference averaging based on pseudo-random subcarrier allocation. Observing that the randomization algorithms are primarily seeded by the UE cell identifiers (the so-called C-RNTI), we show that simple C-RNTI optimization and selective scheduling can be used to enable efficient frequency-selective interferenceaware scheduling also in these control channels. If combined with our previously formulated concept of orthogonally-filled subframes [1], the control channel reliability and capacity can be significantly improved, especially under high cell-selection biases.
Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) improves melasma. A vehicle-controlled, clinical trial (1993)

Melasma is a common disorder of cutaneous hyperpigmentation predominantly affecting the faces of women. Little is known about the aetiology of melasma, and treatment is frequently disappointing. Topical tretinoin is of benefit in treating other forms of hyperpigmentation, for example liver spots, and we therefore investigated its effectiveness in melasma. Thirty-eight women completed a randomized, vehicle-controlled study, in which they applied 0.1% tretinoin (n = 19) or vehicle cream (n = 19) once daily to the face for 40 weeks. At the end of treatment 13 (68%) of 19 tretinoin-treated patients were clinically rated as improved or much improved, compared with 1 (5%) of 19 in the vehicle group (P = 0.0006). Significant improvement first occurred after 24 weeks of tretinoin treatment. Colorimetry (an objective measure of skin colour) demonstrated a 0.9 unit lightening of tretinoin-treated melasma and a 0.3 unit darkening with vehicle (P = 0.01); these results correlated with clinical lightening (r = 0.55, P = 0.0005). Histologically, epidermal pigment was reduced 36% following tretinoin treatment, compared with a 50% increase with vehicle (P = 0.002). Reduction in epidermal pigment also correlated with clinical lightening (r = -0.41, P = 0.01). Moderate cutaneous side-effects of erythema and desquamation occurred in 88% of tretinoin-treated and 29% of vehicle-treated patients. Topical 0.1% tretinoin produces significant clinical improvement of melasma, mainly due to reduction in epidermal pigment, but improvement is slow.
Water Slug to Drop and Film Transitions in Gas-Flow Channels (2013)

Water emerging from micrometer-sized pores into millimeter-sized gas-flow channels forms drops. The drops grow until the force from the flowing gas is sufficient to detach the drops as either (1) slugs that completely occlude the cross section of the channel and move at the superficial gas velocity, (2) drops that partially occlude the channel and move at a velocity that is less than the gas velocity, or (3) films that flow continuously, occluding part of the channel. At steady state, small residual water droplets, ∼100 μm in diameter, left in corners and on surface defects from previous drops, are key in determining the shape of water drops at detachment. Slugs are formed at low-gas-phase Reynolds numbers (ReG) in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels. Drops are shed in Teflon-coated hydrophobic channels for ReG > 30. Films are formed in acrylic hydrophilic channels for ReG > 30. Slugs form when growing drops encounter residual water droplets that nucleate the drop to slug transition. Drops are shed when the force exerted by the flowing gas on growing drops exceeds the force needed to advance the gas/liquid/solid contact line before they grow to the critical size for the drop to slug transition. Drops grow by "stick-slip" of the solid-liquid-gas contact lines and with pinned contact lines until the force on the drops results in either the downstream contact angle becoming greater than the dynamic advancing contact angle or the upstream contact angle becoming less than the dynamic receding contact angle. The upstream contact line never detaches for hydrophilic channels, which is why films form. The shape of water drops and the detachment energies are shown to be well approximated by the force balance between the force needed to advance the drop's contact lines and the force that the flowing gas exerts on a stationary drop.