gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge sampling method for low current measurement (1974)

A simple method of measuring low currents from current sources (transducers) is described. This method has a noise equivalent to an input current of 5 fA (5 × 10−15 A). A possible modification for 1 fA noise input is given. In this method of measurement, a charge generated by a current source is collected on a capacitor during a fixed time interval. In discharging the capacitor, an ac pulse is produced which is then amplified, and the required information extracted.
Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology: An Update on Applications and Outcomes (2008)

Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new and rapidly evolving therapeutic option in dermatology. Initially used for the treatment of actinic damage and nonmelanotic skin cancer, more recent work indicates efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of conditions, such as acne, infectious processes, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and photorejuvenation, among others. This article provides a comprehensive review of applications and outcomes that use topical photodynamic therapy in the treatment of dermatologic disease.
3D shape, deformation, and vibration measurements using infrared Kinect sensors and digital image correlation (2017)

Consumer-grade red-green-blue and depth (RGB-D) sensors, such as the Microsoft Kinect and the Asus Xtion, are attractive devices due to their low cost and robustness for real-time sensing of depth information. These devices provide the depth information by detecting the correspondences between the captured infrared (IR) image and the initial image sent to the IR projector, and their essential limitation is the low accuracy of 3D shape reconstruction. In this paper, an effective technique that employs the Kinect sensors for accurate 3D shape, deformation, and vibration measurements is introduced. The technique involves using the RGB-D sensors, an accurate camera calibration scheme, and area- and feature-based image-matching algorithms. The IR speckle pattern projected from the Kinect projector considerably facilitates the digital image correlation analysis in the regions of interest with enhanced accuracy. A number of experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed technique and approach. It is shown that the technique can yield measurement accuracy at the 10 μm level for a typical field of view. The real-time capturing speed of 30 frames per second makes the proposed technique suitable for certain motion and vibration measurements, such as non-contact monitoring of respiration and heartbeat rates.
Margin maximization for robust classification using deep learning (2017)

Deep neural networks have achieved significant success for image recognition problems. Despite the wide success, recent experiments demonstrated that neural networks are sensitive to small input perturbations, or adversarial noise. The lack of robustness is intuitively undesirable and limits neural networks applications in adversarial settings, and for image search and retrieval problems. Current approaches consider augmenting training dataset using adversarial examples to improve robustness. However, when using data augmentation, the model fails to anticipate changes in an adversary. In this paper, we consider maximizing the geometric margin of the classifier. Intuitively, a large margin relates to classifier robustness. We introduce novel margin maximization objective for deep neural networks. We theoretically show that the proposed objective is equivalent to the robust optimization problem for a neural network. Our work seamlessly generalizes SVM margin objective to deep neural networks. In the experiments, we extensively verify the effectiveness of the proposed margin maximization objective to improve neural network robustness and to reduce overfitting on MNIST and CIFAR-10 dataset.
The effect of calcium dobesilate on albumin leakage of the conjunctival vessels (1981)

Calcium dobesilate significantly reduced the leakage of serum albumin in the tear fluid in patients with chronic inflammatory reactions of the conjunctiva. In the majority of cases reduction of serum albumin concentration in the tear-fluid was treatment related. The marked increase in tear albumin concentration after treatment, found in two cases, was caused by a sharp increase in the inflammatory reaction due to an exacerbation of the underlying disease during the trial period. No relation was found between improvement of symptoms as reported by the patients and alterations in serum albumin concentrations.
Blood Pressure Lowering in Essential Hypertension With an Oral Renin Inhibitor, Aliskiren (2003)

Inhibition of the first and rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin system has long been an elusive therapeutic goal. Aliskiren, the first known representative of a new class of completely nonpeptide, orally active, renin inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit the production of angiotensin I and II in healthy volunteers and to reduce blood pressure (BP) in sodium-depleted marmosets. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, active comparator trial study was to assess the BP-lowering efficacy and safety of aliskiren. Two hundred twenty-six patients, 21 to 70 years of age, with mild to moderate hypertension, were randomly assigned to receive 37.5 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg aliskiren or 100 mg losartan daily for 4 weeks. Dose-dependent reductions in daytime ambulatory systolic pressure (mean change, mm Hg [SD of change]; -0.4 [11.7], -5.3 [11.3], -8.0 [11.0], and -11.0 [11.0], P=0.0002) and in plasma renin activity (median change % [interquartile range]; -55 [-64, -11], -60 [-82, -46], -77 [-86, -72], and -83 [-92, -71], P=0.0008) were observed with 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg aliskiren. The change in daytime systolic pressure with 100 mg losartan (-10.9 [13.8]) was not significantly different from the changes seen with 75, 150, and 300 mg aliskiren. Aliskiren was well tolerated at all doses studied. This study demonstrates that aliskiren, through inhibition of renin, is an effective and safe orally active BP-lowering agent. Whether renin inhibition results in protection from heart attack, stroke, and nephropathy, similar to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade, needs to be researched.
Immunization of mice with induced mutants of<i>Coccidioides immitis</i> (1971)

Induced auxotrophic mutants of a human isolate of Coccidioides immitis were characterized as to their infection and/or disease causing capacity by intratesticular injection into guinea-pigs and by intranasal instillation into mice. These mutant strains demonstrated degrees of attenuation of virulence to avirulence. Considering this variability in infectivity, 3 of these strains were used as viable vaccines in mice. The results indicate that the individual mutants must produce a primary infection to establish immunity, and that effective immunity can be established which protects against infection up to a certain challenge dosage. Increasing the dosage of the vaccinating strain is given as a means of increasing the immunity of mice. Other characteristics of these mutants which may be related to their attenuation e.g. their nutritional requirements and growth temperature range, are discussed.
Antimony assisted arsenic S/D extension (A/sup 3/ SDE) engineering for sub-0.1 μm nMOSFETs : a novel approach to steep and retrograde indium pocket profiles (2002)

We propose a novel process whereby Antimony Assisted Arsenic Source/Drain Extension (A/sup 3/ SDE) is employed to realize a steep and retrograde indium pocket profile for sub-0.1 /spl mu/m nMOSFETs. By engineering the defect distributions in the amorphous layer created by an indium implant, this new process improves by 8% the current drive while maintaining the same I/sub off/. It reduces nMOS diode leakage by two orders of magnitude and sidewall junction capacitance near the gate by 14%. Reliability assessment of devices fabricated by the A/sup 3/ SDE process reveals significant improvement in hot carrier effects and no observable degradation of gate oxide integrity.
Lipid rafts function in biosynthetic delivery of proteins to the cell surface in yeast (2000)

Lipid rafts, formed by lateral association of sphingolipids and cholesterol, have been implicated in membrane traffic and cell signaling in mammalian cells. Sphingolipids also have been shown to play a role in protein sorting in yeast. Therefore, we wanted to investigate whether lipid rafts exist in yeast and whether these membrane microdomains have an analogous function to their mammalian counterparts. We first developed a protocol for isolating detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched complexes (DIGs) from yeast cells. Sequencing of the major protein components of the isolated DIGs by mass spectrometry allowed us to identify, among others, Gas1p, Pma1p, and Nce2p. Using lipid biosynthetic mutants we could demonstrate that conditions that impair the synthesis of sphingolipids and ergosterol also disrupt raft association of Gas1p and Pma1p but not the secretion of acid phosphatase. That endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport of Gas1p is blocked in the sphingolipid mutant lcb1-100 raised the question of whether proteins associate with lipid rafts in the ER or later as shown in mammalian cells. Using the sec18-1 mutant we found that DIGs are present already in the ER. Taken together, our results suggest that lipid rafts are involved in the biosynthetic delivery of proteins to the yeast plasma membrane.
GPA (Gas Processors Association) H/sub 2/S removal panel--4. Processes clean up tail gas (1978)

A discussion by B. G. Goar (Goar, Arrington and Assoc. Inc.) at the 57th GPA (Gas Processors Association) Annual Convention (New Orleans 1978) covers a description and the economics of tail-gas cleanup processes that may be added to a Claus plant, including wet scrubbing processes that involve reduction of all sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide followed by absorption and recycle to the Claus unit or Stretford process oxidation to sulfur, e.g., the Shell SCOT process, the Parsons Beavon process, the Pritchard Cleanair process, and the Trentham Trencor-M process; and wet scrubbing processes involving oxidation of all sulfurous compounds to sulfur dioxide followed by absorption and recycle or reaction, e.g., the Davy Powergas/Wellman-Lord process, the Chiyoda Thoroughbred 101 process, and the U.S. Bureau of Mines Citrate process.
Vacuum retraction of uterus for the management of atonic postpartum hemorrhage (2014)

Background: Creating negative pressure inside the uterine cavity results in shrinking of uterus which can assist the natural physiological process of contraction and retraction to stop atonic postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: Sixteen women who had normal vaginal delivers, and 4 women who underwent caesarean sections, who developed atonic postpartum hemorrhage, and who did not respond well for routine use of Inj. methergine, oxytocin, and Carboprost were included in this study. A specially designed uterine cannula measuring 25cm long and with 12/18mm diameter, with uterine angle, and with multiple perforations on uterine portion was used. When bleeding did not stop due to uterine atony in vaginal deliveries in spite of routine measures, the uterine portion of the cannula was inserted in to uterine cavity up to fundus, and the outer end was connected to suction machine with thick walled flexible tubing. A negative pressure of 650mmHg was created inside the uterine cavity and maintained for 10mns. This procedure wasrepeated every hour for 3hrs. After this the negative pressure was created whenever there was recurrence of bleeding. In case of caesarean section, the cannula was inserted through the uterine wound and brought outside through vagina. Negative pressure was applied after closure of uterine wound. The cannula was removed in all women6hrs after initiation of procedure. Results: complete cessation of bleeding which was associated with contraction and firm retraction of uterus was observed in all women within 4mns after initiation of procedure. The amount of blood collected in suction bottle ranged from 150ml to 250ml. Conclusion: Vacuum shrinking of uterus is a very effective physical method which can assist the natural physiological process of contraction and retraction to stop atonic postpartum hemorrhage. This simple, cost effective, life-saving, and fertility saving technique, which can avoid laparotomy can be made available in any setting, and can become the first defense against atonic PPH.
Polariton Transitions in Femtosecond Transient Absorption Studies of Ultrastrong Light–Molecule Coupling (2020)

Strong light-matter coupling is emerging as a fascinating way to tune optical properties and modify the photophysics of molecular systems. In this work, we studied a molecular chromophore under strong coupling with the optical mode of a Fabry-Perot cavity resonant to the first electronic absorption band. Using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, we investigated the transient response of the cavity-coupled molecules upon photoexcitation resonant to the upper and lower polaritons. We identified an excited state absorption from upper and lower polaritons to a state at the energy of the second cavity mode. Quantum mechanical calculations of the many-molecule energy structure of cavity polaritons suggest assignment of this state as a two-particle polaritonic state with optically allowed transitions from the upper and lower polaritons. We provide new physical insight into the role of two-particle polaritonic states in explaining transient signatures in hybrid light-matter coupling systems consistent with analogous many-body systems.
Measuring Biomolecular Binding Events with a Compact Disc Player Device (2005)

Read the fine print: Biomolecular binding events can be counted with a readout system based on compact disc (CD) pickup technology. An immunoassay of C-reactive protein was performed by microcontact printing of antibodies onto a support, autometallography, and imaging by a CD reader mounted on an optical microscope (see picture). The dynamic range was four orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 1 pM. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z501243_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tracking and ablating subpopulations of epiblast cells in the chick embryo. (2008)

The early chick embryo contains subpopulations of cells that express lineage-specific transcription factors. We have developed protocols to examine the role of these cells during development that involve labeling them for cell tracking purposes and ablating them within the epiblast. The procedures take advantage of the fact that subpopulations of epiblast cells differentially express cell surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Embryos are removed from the shell and incubated on the yolk with an antibody. Cells that bind the antibody are either tagged with a fluorescent secondary antibody or lysed with complement. For long-term analyses, embryos are returned to a host shell and placed in an incubator. This method of whole embryo manipulation ex-ovo and incubation in-ovo supports normal development into the fetal period.
Control strategy for variable-speed, stall-regulated wind turbines (1998)

A variable-speed, constant-pitch wind turbine was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of constraining its rotor speed and power output without the benefit of active aerodynamic control devices. A strategy was postulated to control rotational speed by specifying the demanded generator torque. By controlling rotor speed in relation to wind speed, the aerodynamic power extracted by the blades from the wind was manipulated. Specifically, the blades were caused to stall in high winds. In low and moderate winds, the demanded generator torque and the resulting rotor speed were controlled to cause the wind turbine to operate near maximum efficiency. A computational model was developed, and simulations were conducted of operation in high turbulent winds. Results indicated that rotor speed and power output were well regulated.
Amalgamation of Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Antibiotic Biosynthesis: Discovery of an <scp>l</scp>-Threonine:Uridine-5′-Aldehyde Transaldolase (2012)

The lipopeptidyl nucleoside antibiotics represented by A-90289, caprazamycin, and muraymycin are structurally highlighted by a nucleoside core that contains a nonproteinogenic β-hydroxy-α-amino acid named 5'-C-glycyluridine (GlyU). Bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters revealed a shared open reading frame encoding a protein with sequence similarity to serine hydroxymethyltransferases, resulting in the proposal that this shared enzyme catalyzes an aldol-type condensation with glycine and uridine-5'-aldehyde to furnish GlyU. Using LipK involved in A-90289 biosynthesis as a model, we now functionally assign and characterize the enzyme responsible for the C-C bond-forming event during GlyU biosynthesis as an l-threonine:uridine-5'-aldehyde transaldolase. Biochemical analysis revealed this transformation is dependent upon pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, the enzyme has no activity with alternative amino acids, such as glycine or serine, as aldol donors, and acetaldehyde is a coproduct. Structural characterization of the enzyme product is consistent with stereochemical assignment as the threo diastereomer (5'S,6'S)-GlyU. Thus this enzyme orchestrates C-C bond breaking and formation with concomitant installation of two stereocenters to make a new l-α-amino acid with a nucleoside side chain.
A modified needle-hookwire technique to simplify preoperative localization of occult breast lesions. (1980)

Accurate preoperative localization of breast lesions is important to ensure removal of the suspected area without also removing large quantities of tissue. By using a hook retracted into the needle lumen, repositioning prior to the final anchoring of the wire in the tissue is simplified.
Dependence of Conductance on Field Strength (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of Conductance on Field StrengthDarwin J. Mead and Raymond M. FuossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 12, 3589–3590Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01267a509https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Music segment similarity using 2D-Fourier Magnitude Coefficients (2014)

Music segmentation is the task of automatically identifying the different segments of a piece. In this work we present a novel approach to cluster the musical segments based on their acoustic similarity by using 2D-Fourier Magnitude Coefficients (2D-FMCs). These coefficients, computed from a chroma representation, significantly simplify the problem of clustering the different segments since they are key transposition and phase shift invariant. We explore various strategies to obtain the 2D-FMC patches that represent entire segments and apply k-means to label them. Finally, we discuss possible ways of estimating k and compare our competitive results with the current state of the art.
Crosstalk cancellation in ADSL systems (2002)

Near-end crosstalk (NEXT) is one of the major impairments to current ADSL downstream transmission. This paper presents two methods for an ADSL receiver to cancel one (dominant) NEXT signal from other types of services (such as HDSL, SDSL, T1 etc). The methods exploit the fact that the crosstalk signal has a large excess bandwidth and its spectra in the main lobe and in the excess band are strongly correlated. The principal idea is then to estimate the crosstalk in some frequency bands (e.g., excess band) and cancel it in other frequency bands (e.g., main lobe). Simulation results show that one of the proposed methods, MMSE estimation and cancellation, is very effective to cancel one (dominant) NEXT and the improvement is significant in terms of the data rate and the line reach for the ADSL service. For example, using a real measured NEXT transfer function, the proposed method can increase the ADSL downstream data rate by 200% for some loops.
The sympathetic nervous system as a target for intervention in obesity. (1995)

The sympathoadrenal system plays an important role in the regulation of both energy intake and energy expenditure (EE), and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) offers a dual target for pharmacological intervention directed at weight loss in obese patients. The sizes of the fat-free mass and fat mass are the major determinants of resting EE, but studies using different techniques have shown that differences in sympathetic activity can account for an additional proportion of the variation between individuals. Differences in thermogenic responses to food can also be explained by different abilities to activate the sympathoadrenal system. A low resting EE for a given body composition is one manifestation of the genetically determined predisposition to obesity. A low sympathetic activity may be one factor responsible but, as yet, no conclusive evidence has been found. In dietary treatment programmes of obesity, patients with high levels of EE and greater SNS activity achieve greater long-term weight loss than those with lower levels. Pharmacological stimulation with sympathomimetic compounds suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure through stimulation of beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3-receptor subtypes. During chronic treatment, the beta 3-mediation may predominate due to down-regulation of beta 1- and beta 2-receptors. An improved understanding of the aetiological role of the SNS in the development of obesity in genetically susceptible individuals may permit tailoring of pharmacological intervention.
[Dimorphic (transitional-anaplastic) ductal cancer of the prostate]. (1984)

Prostatic carcinoma of a specific structure with widespread metastasis in a 7 year-old patient who was treated with oestrogens and survived more than 4 years after the appearance of the first symptoms is described. Histologically in the primary tumour the combination of highly differentiated transitional-cell carcinoma (without cell degeneration and necrosis) and anaplastic, mainly small-cell carcinoma is found in the prostatic ducts. Pronounced degenerative and necrotic changes similar to those resulting from the oestrogen therapy with a positive effect are observed in the anaplastic carcinoma. Metastases had a structure of transitional-cell carcinoma.