gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Hypertension in Dopamine D <sub>2</sub> Receptor–Deficient Mice (2006)

Dysfunction of D2-like receptors has been reported in essential hypertension. Disruption of D2R in mice (D2-/-) results in high blood pressure, and several D2R polymorphisms are associated with decreased D2R expression. Because D2R agonists have antioxidant activity, we hypothesized that increased blood pressure in D2-/- is related to increased oxidative stress. D2-/- mice had increased urinary excretion of 8-isoprostane, a parameter of oxidative stress; increased activity of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in renal cortex; increased expression of the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4; and decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme-oxygenase-2 in the kidneys, suggesting that regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by D2R involves both pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems. Apocynin, a reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, or hemin, an inducer of heme oxigenase-1, normalized the blood pressure in D2-/- mice. Because D2Rs in the adrenal gland are implicated in aldosterone regulation, we evaluated whether alterations in aldosterone secretion contribute to ROS production in this model. Urinary aldosterone was increased in D2-/- mice and its response to a high-sodium diet was impaired. Spirolactone normalized the blood pressure in D2-/- mice and the renal expression of Nox1 and Nox4, indicating that the increased blood pressure and ROS production are, in part, mediated by impaired aldosterone regulation. However, spironolactone did not normalize the excretion of 8-isoprostane and had no effect on expression of Nox2 or heme-oxygenase-2. Our results show that the D2R is involved in the regulation of ROS production and that, by direct and indirect mechanisms, altered D2R function may result in ROS-dependent hypertension.
Bacterial translocation after non-lethal hemorrhage in the rat. (1993)

Translocation of enteric bacteria has been suggested to compromise patients in severe catabolic stress. Mechanisms for this route of infection are not known. In this study, rats were subjected to hemorrhage without reinfusion during 60 min, total blood loss was 3.28 +/- 0.14 ml/100 g BW. Control groups consisted of sham-operated animals without bleeding, and rats not operated at all. The mean number of viable bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of bled animals was 168 +/- 45 colony forming units (c.f.u./MLN), significantly higher compared to sham operated (5 +/- 3 c.f.u./MLN) and not operated (0 +/- 0 c.f.u./MLN) controls (P < 0.01). Cultures from MLN were positive in 7/9 rats after bleeding, in 3/9 of sham operated, and in 0/6 of non-instrumented control animals. No positive blood cultures were isolated. Escherichia coli was the dominant species found in MLN. A biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhP system) was used to identify translocating strains of E. coli among strains found in cecum. The method was also used to compare translocating strains between different animals. Our findings reveal that bacteria translocate to MLN after hemorrhage. Some phenotypes of E. coli strains translocate more frequently than others, suggesting that they have properties facilitating translocation.
Distribution and pathway of source light in long capillary cell with the use of successive total reflection at outer cell surface. (1989)

著者らは, 吸光光度法における信号の増幅のために, セル外壁面での全反射を利用する長光路キャピラリーセル (LCC) を開発した。本論文では, そのLCC中での光源光の光路と分布を, 光線理論による光伝達モデルに基づき, パーソナルコンピューターを用いて, Monte Carlo シュミレーション法により計算した。さらに, その結果を Markov 連鎖を用いる確率論による結果や, 実際の実験と比較した。そして, (1) 本質的に確率論による解析の結果と一致する。(2) 実際のLCCでは, 検訊た光伝達モードからの光の[漏れ]が, 無視できない。(3) 増幅率 (ALCC/Alcm) や, 検量線については,本シミュレーションの結果と, 実験の結果が, よく対溶する。(4) 鏡反射を用いる方式では, 曲率のあるLCCを形成させることは不可能に近い。などの結論を得た。
SIMULATION OF VEHICLE IMPACT WITH TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER: TEST COMPARISONS AND PARAMETER STUDY (1973)

THE HIGHWAY-VEHICLE-OBJECT SIMULATION MODEL, A COMPUTER PROGRAM DEVELOPED AT CORNELL AERONAUTICAL LABORATORY, HAS BEEN MODIFIED TO SIMULATE A VEHICLE IMPACTING THE TEXAS CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIER AT SPEEDS FROM 50 TO 80 MPH AND ANGLES FROM 5 TO 25 DEG. THE BARRIER WAS IMPACTED BY A 4.000-LB SEDAN FOR ANGLES OF 7, 15, AND 25 DEG AT 60 MPH. THE RESULTS OF THOSE FULL-SCALE TESTS WERE CLOSELY APPROXIMATED BY THE MODIFIED SIMULATION MODEL. COMPARISONS OF SIMULATION AND TEST RESULTS ARE PRESENTED IN COMPUTER-GENERATED DRAWINGS OF THE VEHICLE DURING IMPACT, FRAMES FROM THE HIGH-SPEED FILM, AND PLOTS RELATING PREDICTED AND MEASURED ACCELEROMETER READINGS. AFTER THE SIMULATION OF THE FULL-SCALE TESTS, A PARAMETER STUDY ON IMPACT CONDITIONS WAS CONDUCTED. THE MODEL SIMULATED A 4,780-LB VEHICLE IMPACTING THE BARRIER AT SPEEDS OF 50, 70, AND 80 MPH AT ANGLES OF 5, 10, AND 15 DEG FOR EACH OF THOSE SPEEDS. FOR SPEEDS LESS THAN 70 MPH, THE RESULTS WERE IN LINE WITH FINDINGS OF OTHER RESEARCHERS. FOR SPEEDS OF 70 MPH AND GREATER AND IMPACT ANGLES OF 15 DEG GREATER, AUTOMOBILE ROLL-OVER CAN BE EXPECTED. THE RESULTS OF ALL SIMULATED IMPACTS WITH THE BARRIER ARE PRESENTED GRAPHICALLY WITH REGARD TO A SEVERITY INDEX, WHICH QUANTIFIES THE SEVERITY OF EACH CRASH BASED ON VEHICLE ACCELERATIONS. /AUTHOR/
DESIGNING A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT: EXPRESSION OF A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC GENE IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND OF THE HARPIN GENE IN ERWINIA HERBICOLA (1999)

ISHS VIII International Workshop on Fire Blight DESIGNING A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT: EXPRESSION OF A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC GENE IN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA AND OF THE HARPIN GENE IN ERWINIA HERBICOLA
Estimation of Corrosion Rate of Silver Exposed to Sulfur Vapor (2007)

硫黄ガス環境での銀の腐食を管形容器および箱形容器を用いて検討した．単体硫黄から放出される硫黄ガスは，管形容器内の銀板および箱形容器内の腐食センサの銀電極と反応する．銀板の表面に形成された腐食生成物の厚さはカソード還元法により，銀電極の表面に形成された腐食生成物の厚さはレジストメトリにより測定した．暴露後に銀板および銀電極の表面に形成された腐食生成物を分析し，硫化物であることを確認した．単体硫黄から放出される硫黄ガス環境で銀の腐食速度を決定するのは硫黄ガスの拡散である．単体硫黄から放出される硫黄ガス環境での銀の腐食速度は，腐食反応を考慮した拡散ネットワークモデルを用いて推定される．硫黄ガスは，3×10－5の反応確率に対応する一定速度で銀と反応する．この推定技術は，電子装置の効果的な防食対策を検証し，装置信頼性を向上させるのに有効である．
Identification and Degradation Estimation of Waste Plastics for Recycling Using Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

プラスチックのマテリアルリサイクルでは，その選別回収技術の開発が必須である．著者らは家電リサイクル工場から排出される廃プラスチックからポリプロピレン（PP），ポリスチレン（PS），アクリロニトリル─ブタジエン─スチレン共重合体（ABS）を高純度に回収するために，プラスチック識別に特化した高速のラマン識別機を開発した．高出力半導体レーザー（785 nm），開口数が大きく明るい光学系，オンボード高速信号解析部などを含む装置を試作し，毎分100 mのベルトコンベア上を移動している10 mm角以下のプラスチック片から測定時間3 msで，識別に十分なSN比のラマンスペクトルを得ることができた．実証設備において，ラマン識別機50台を並列にならべ，シュレッダーされたプラスチック片を処理量200～600 kg h－1で95％ 以上の純度で選別できた．さらに，測定したラマンスペクトルを多変量解析し，その歪みをマハラノビス距離で評価することで，プラスチック劣化の目安となる量である熱重量減少挙動との相関を見いだした．
Microprocessing of ITO and a-Si thin films using ns laser sources (2005)

Selective ablation of thin films for the development of new photovoltaic panels and sensoring devices based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) is an emerging field, in which laser micromachining systems appear as appropriate tools for process development and device fabrication. In particular, a promising application is the development of purely photovoltaic position sensors. Standard p–i–n or Schottky configurations using transparent conductive oxides (TCO), a-Si and metals are especially well suited for these applications, appearing selective laser ablation as an ideal process for controlled material patterning and isolation. In this work a detailed study of laser ablation of a widely used TCO, indium-tin-oxide (ITO), and a-Si thin films of different thicknesses is presented, with special emphasis on the morphological analysis of the generated grooves. Excimer (KrF, λ = 248 nm) and DPSS lasers (λ = 355 and λ = 1064 nm) with nanosecond pulse duration have been used for material patterning. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have been applied for the characterization of the ablated grooves. Additionally, process parametric windows have been determined in order to assess this technology as potentially competitive to standard photolithographic processes. The encouraging results obtained, with well-defined ablation grooves having thicknesses in the order of 10 µm both in ITO and in a-Si, open up the possibility of developing a high-performance double Schottky photovoltaic matrix position sensor.
SiO<sub>x</sub> Gas Barrier Coatings on Polymer Substrates:  Morphology and Gas Transport Considerations (1999)

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiOx thin coatings on polymer surfaces yields tough hybrid materials with the gas barrier properties and transparency of glass. Combination of these properties makes these materials ideally suited for food packaging and biomedical device applications. In this study, we employ a Non-Parametric Response Surface Methods optimization to identify the Magnetron-PECVD conditions responsible for superlative SiOx barrier coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Oxygen and water vapor permeances of optimized PET/SiOx composites produced by hexamethyldisiloxane and trimethylsilane have been measured as functions of temperature and are found to exhibit Arrhenius behavior. The thermal activation energy for water vapor permeation, unlike that for oxygen permeation, depends on barrier performance and increases by as much as 20 kJ/mol with an increase in barrier efficacy. Examination of these materials by phase-imaging atomic force microscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy reveals a correlation between SiOx morphology (including defects) and barrier performance. Morphological and permeation results are compared to identify some of the physical factors governing water vapor permeation through SiOx-modified polymers.
Old Drugs Losing Effectiveness Against Flu; Could Statins Fill Gap? (2005)

INFECTIOUS DISEASEST. JULIAN'S, MALTA-- At a meeting here last week, researchers reported that the most aggressive of the circulating human flu strains has become resistant to an older class of flu drugs, deflating hopes they might be used to fight a pandemic.
The Effect of Glucose Variability on the Risk of Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

This study has shown that blood glucose variability does not appear to be an additional factor in the development of microvascular complications. Also, pre- and postprandial glucose values are equally predictive of the small-vessel complications of type 1 diabetes.
Synthesis of 2,6-Diformyl-3-hydroxypyridine Bis[<i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-(2′-pyridyl) hydrazone]: A Pentadentate<i>N,N,N,N,N</i>Ligand for the Preparation of Chelating Resins (1987)

The synthesis of 2,6-diformyl-3-hydroxypyridine bis [N-methyl-N-(2′-pyridyl)hydrazone] as a versatile intermediate with a reactive hydroxyl group, which can be bonded to lipophilic chains and/or to polymeric supports, is reported.
Improved Formation Imaging with Extended Microelectrical Arrays (1991)

Abstract Formation imaging using microelectrical arrays is an extremely powerful tool that enables the log analyst, geologist, geophysicist and petroleum engineer to better evaluate complex reservoirs. To date, electrical formation imaging tools with high spatial resolution can image only part of the borehole wall at any one time; attempts to increase borehole coverage have been achieved but with a small degradation of image resolution. A new formation imaging tool has been developed to provide real-time wellsite images of the borehole wall with unprecedented borehole coverage at a resolution of 0.2 in. The borehole coverage of this new tool is 80% in an 8-in. borehole, which represents an increase by a factor of two over previous generation tools. This increase has been achieved while also improving the spatial resolution of the tool. This paper describes the applications of the new tool and the improvement in interpretation of the images. Four tools have been built and tested successfully in wells throughout the world. Examples are given of a fractured formation, a reverse fault, a braided sand and a horizontal well to demonstrate the improvement in the data interpretation.
Control Placement of Scale Inhibitors in the Formation With Stable Ca-DTPMP Nanoparticle Suspension and its Transport Porous Media (2008)

Abstract Diethylenetriaminepentatakis(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) is commonly used in oilfield for scale inhibition. In this study, Ca-DTPMP submicron-sized particles were prepared directly by chemical precipitation with the assistance of phosphino-polycarboxylic acid (PPCA). The influences of adsorbed PPCA, KCl concentration and sonication on the transport and deposition kinetics of Ca-DTPMP particle suspensions in calcite and sandstone matrix were investigated. Adsorption of PPCA to Ca-DTPMP particles increases their negative surface charge and decreases particles deposition in a porous media. The mobility of PPCA-coated Ca-DTPMP particles decreases with increasing KCl concentrations. Using sonication treatments the mobility of Ca-DTPMP particles at high KCl concentration in porous media increased significantly. The retention and long term flow back performance of Ca-DTPMP particles were tested in Frio sandstone columns after 18 hours shut-in time to allow deposition. The results show that enhanced retention of Ca-DTPMP particles and slow dissolution of DTPMP are highly advantageous in slowing the phosphonate release from porous media, and ensuring successful inhibitor treatments in oil fields.
Purification and Initial Characterization of Human Placental Trophoblast Interferon Induced by Polyriboinosinic {middle dot} Polyribocytidylic Acid (1990)

Human placental trophoblast interferon (tro-IFN), induced in trophoblast cultures by a superinduction procedure, was purified to a homogeneous product with retention of biological activity. The problems associated with isolation from serum-containing medium were overcome by a combination of Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) on Separon SGX C-18. This two-step purification procedure yielded tro-IFN with a specific activity of 3.4 x 10(7) international units/mg of protein. The overall recovery of interferon activity was 66.7%. The purified tro-IFN was shown to be a glycoprotein with an Mr of 24K on native and SDS-PAGE. Its antiviral activity was stable at pH 2.0 at 37 degrees C but was sensitive to heat at 56 degrees C for 1 h and was neutralized by antibodies to human IFN-beta.
Dexamethasone Inhibits TNF-α Synthesis More Effectively in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients than in Healthy Individuals (2003)

Inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is postulated that cytokine synthesis is altered in AD patients compared with nondemented subjects. Glucocorticoids play an important role in cytokine synthesis. We assessed the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and its regulation by dexamethasone in AD patients in vitro. Cytokine levels were measured using the ELISA method in unstimulated, LPS-stimulated or whole-blood samples incubated with LPS and dexamethasone from 18 AD patients and 12 controls. The cytokine levels spontaneously produced by blood cells after incubation with LPS or LPS and dexamethasone did not differ significantly between groups. Dexamathasone inhibited TNF-alpha synthesis by LPS-stimulated blood cells more effectively in AD patients than in controls. These results suggest that cytokine synthesis in AD patients could be regulated by glucocorticoids in a different way than in nondemented subjects.
Bacteriophage Therapy of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection Caused by a Multiple-Antibiotic–Resistant O3:K6 Pandemic Clinical Strain (2014)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phage therapy in a mouse model against a multiple-antibiotic–resistant V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain infection.
Mechanical Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete with Glass Powder Substitute (2015)

As reported in literature, the Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) with quartz powder substitute has a high compressive strength of 180 MPa and has a fairly high tensile strength. That research used the RPC with quartz powder to cement ratio of 30% and steam curing technique in an autoclave temperature of 250 °C. Concerning the use of local and recycled material, in this study, the quartz powder is substituted by glass powder from the waste glass shards material of housing industry. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of glass powder in the mechanical behavior of RPC. The mechanical behavior is examined by the tests of compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. The RPC uses glass powder that grained to micron meter size with the content as much as 10%, 20%, and 30% of cement mass, and the maximum temperature of steam curing is 95 °C. The results indicated that the use of glass powder in this study was good enough to replace quartz powder in RPC. The maximum compressive strength value that can be achieved in this study is 136 MPa for the RPC with the glass powder content of 20%.
Programming Netscape Plug-Ins (1996)

Helper applications Java and its similarities to Netscape's plug-in architecture streaming audio, video, and animation plug-ins and OLE objects plug-ins and VBXs plug-ins and OCXs the Netscape plug-in architecture real-time data streams and current bandwidth considerations server plush and client pull fetching URLs plug-in design and implementation real-time and bandwidth considerations choosing your platform, 16 vs. 32 bit installation considerations Netscape's plug-in software dev. kit debuggers joining Netscape's developer's assistance program Netscape's plug-in application programming interface instance initialization and destroying stream creation and destruction reading from and writing to the server Netscape's memory management status methods window notifications printing event handling for the Macintosh live3D plug-in extensions testing your plug-in. (Part contents).
Capacitor Voltage Control Strategy for Half-Bridge Three-Level DC/DC Converter (2013)

Three-level (TL) dc-dc converters are widely used in high-voltage input applications for the reason that the voltage stress on the power switches is only half of the input voltage. For the half-bridge TL dc-dc converter, the asymmetry of the main circuit and drive circuit result in voltage unbalance among the input divided capacitors and blocking capacitor, which will cause higher voltage stress on the power switches and the rectifier diodes. This paper proposes a novel capacitor voltage control strategy to adjust duty cycle and phase shift of the positive and negative half-cycles so that the voltage of the input-divided capacitors and blocking capacitor are corrected and the reliability of the converter can be guaranteed. An 800-V input 28-V/2-kW output prototype has been built and tested in the lab. The experimental results are shown to verify the theoretical analysis and the proposed control strategy.
Properties of a High Temperature Liquid Crystal Stereolithography Resin (1998)

A liquid crystal monomer has been developed that contains both acrylate and acetylene reactive groups. The curing behavior and mechanical properties ofthe polymers formed from this monomer have been characterized in this study. Complete cure can be carried out in two separate steps, combining both photo and thermal polymerization. The initial photo- polymerization to form a robust "green" polymer involves crosslinking through the acrylate groups and the subsequent thermal polymerization to increase the crosslink density is accomplished by reaction of the acetylene groups. After the thermal postcure the polymer has an unusually high glass transition, in excess of 300°C. In addition, the monomer exhibits an ordered liquid crystalline (LC) phase. Photopolymerization while in the LC phase locks in the molecular ordering. Mechanical property data and additional information on curing in both the isotropic and LC phases are reviewed in the following presentation.
Frequency Domain Pseudo-color to Enhance Ultrasound Images (2010)

In digital image processing, image enhancement is employed to give a better look to an image. Color is one of the best ways to visually enhance an image. Pseudo-color refers to coloring an image by mapping gray scale values to a three dimensional color space. In this paper we used a pseudo-color technique in frequency domain to enhance ultrasound images. We used three different types of transforms to do this. These are the Fourier transform, Discrete Cosine transform and Walsh- Hadamard transform. After obtaining these pseudo-color images, we applied a high frequency emphasis filter or histogram stretch as a post process. In this paper we used a subjective study to compare images. First we compared pseudo-color images to their original monochrome images. Secondly, we compared all the three different types of transforms. Lastly, we compared the post processing techniques.
Micro Biosensor Antibody Immobilization Method Based on Mixed Self-assembly-monolayers Wrapped Nano-particle (2011)

Nano-gold particles that wrapped by mixed self-assembly monolayers(SAM) were immobilized on the SAM-modified Au micro electrode surface by amide linkage to form nano-particles array.Subsequently,a sensitive bio-film on the micro immunosensor surface was formed with covalent immobilization of antibodies on the nano-particles.Micro electrode surface modification process was characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope,and electrochemical impe-dance spectroscopy.The results indicated that the nano-particles distributed uniformly without appa-rent aggregation and the antibodies can be effectively immobilized on the microelectrode surface.Using this antibody immobilization method,hemoglobin-A1c(HbAIc) micro-sensors were prepared.Based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) standard process and micro-electronic-mechanical system(MEMS) technology,the immunosensor can detect hemoglobin-A1c and hemoglobin simultaneously with the range of 166.7-570 μg/L hemoglobin and 13.75-170.5 μg/L HbA1c.
Relationship between vitamin and calcium supplement use and colon cancer. (1997)

The relationship between vitamin supplement use and colon cancer was assessed in a population-based case-control study among men and women aged 30-62 years. Cases were 251 men and 193 women diagnosed with colon cancer in 1985-1989 in three counties in the Seattle metropolitan area who were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Controls were 233 men and 194 women identified by random digit dialing. Supplement use was assessed by questions on frequency, duration, and dose per day (for individual supplements) or type (for multivitamins) during the 10-year period ending 2 years before diagnosis. All results were adjusted for age and sex and were not confounded by other measured behaviors. The average daily intake of supplemental vitamins A, C, E, folic acid, calcium, and multivitamins during the reference period were each associated with reduced risk of colon cancer (all P for trend < 0.03). The strongest associations were for use of vitamin E (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.71 for > or = 200 IU/day versus none) and multivitamins (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.69 for daily use versus no use; both P for trend < 0.001). These two associations were also significant using a stricter test of trend limited to supplement users, which reduces the effect of colinearity among these exposures. Because almost all vitamin D supplementation comes from multivitamin pills, the association of vitamin D use with colon cancer could not be distinguished from that of multivitamin use. Clinical trials or cohort studies with long-term assessment would be needed before public health recommendations could be made about supplement use.