gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sound field control with a circular double-layer array of loudspeakers (2012)

This paper describes a method of generating a controlled sound field for listeners inside a circular array of loudspeakers without disturbing people outside the array appreciably. To achieve this objective, a double-layer array of loudspeakers is used. Several solution methods are suggested, and their performance is examined using computer simulations. Two performance indices are used in this work, (a) the level difference between the average sound energy density in the listening zone and that in the quiet zone (sometimes called "the acoustic contrast"), and (b) a normalized measure of the deviations between the desired and the generated sound field in the listening zone. It is concluded that the best compromise is obtained with a method that combines pure contrast maximization with a pressure matching technique.
Backmixing in the Design of Chemical Reactors (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBackmixing in the Design of Chemical ReactorsOctave. Levenspiel and Kenneth B. BischoffCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 12, 1431–1434Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50600a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50600a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2378Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Highly Sensitive Enzyme-amplified Lanthanide Luminescence Immunoassay for Interleukin 6 (1998)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is produced by a wide variety of cells and has pleiotropic biological functions, such as the induction of acute phase proteins in hepatocytes, the terminal differentiation and growth promotion of B cells, the differentiation and activation of T cells and macrophages, and the regulation of expression of other cytokines (1). IL-6 has been implicated in the pathology of several diseases, and its role in inflammation, viral infection, autoimmunity, and cancer has been reviewed recently (1)(2).

Serum IL-6 increases markedly in many pathological conditions, and its accurate and precise determination in biological fluids is of great importance for the early diagnosis of many diseases (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Measurement of IL-6 in biological fluids is mainly based on bioassays and immunoassays (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The presence of natural compounds known to bind IL-6 in biological fluids (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and the effect of preanalytical factors (19), as well as the use of an internationally accepted IL-6 standard preparation (20)(21), is of great importance for the performance of IL-6 immunoassays.

Here we describe a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the determination of IL-6 in serum and plasma, based on the enzyme-amplified lanthanide luminescence (EALL) detection approach (22)(23)(24)(25). An ultra-low detection limit is obtained by the powerful detection system that is based on the combination of enzymatic amplification introduced by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the formation of a highly fluorescent terbium complex (26)(27), which is monitored by time-resolved or conventional fluorometry.

A monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-6, CLB IL-6/16) and a biotinylated goat polyclonal antibody against human IL-6 were kindly donated by Prof. L. …
Efficient Lock-Free Work-Stealing Iterators for Data-Parallel Collections (2015)

High-level data-structures are an important foundation for most applications. With the rise of multicores, there is a trend of supporting data-parallel collection operations in general purpose programming languages. However, these operations often incur high-level abstraction and scheduling penalties. We present a generic data-parallel collections design based on work-stealing for shared-memory architectures that overcomes abstraction penalties through call site specialization of data-parallel operation instances. Moreover, we introduce work-stealing iterators that allow more fine-grained and efficient work-stealing. By eliminating abstraction penalties and making work-stealing data-structure-aware we achieve several dozen times better performance compared to existing JVM-based approaches.
Improvement of stability in current-programmed SEPIC DC/DC converters (2002)

Techniques to enhance the stability of current-programmed single-ended primary inductance converters (SEPICs) are described, ranging from component selection to sensing a filtered copy of the control current. A summary is presented of a method for analyzing stability by direct calculation of the eigenvalues of an averaged time-evolution operator. The key to the method is the expression of duty ratio variation as a function of the state variables, i.e. voltages and currents in the circuit. This allows the formation of a modified matrix (as opposed to the straightforward weighted average of coefficients of differential equations) which approximates the time-evolution operator for the vector of state variables. Calculations are compared with experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Software and Algorithms for Graph Queries on Multithreaded Architectures (2007)

Search-based graph queries, such as finding short paths and isomorphic subgraphs, are dominated by memory latency. If input graphs can be partitioned appropriately, large cluster-based computing platforms can run these queries. However, the lack of compute-bound processing at each vertex of the input graph and the constant need to retrieve neighbors implies low processor utilization. Furthermore, graph classes such as scale-free social networks lack the locality to make partitioning clearly effective. Massive multithreading is an alternative architectural paradigm, in which a large shared memory is combined with processors that have extra hardware to support many thread contexts. The processor speed is typically slower than normal, and there is no data cache. Rather than mitigating memory latency, multithreaded machines tolerate it. This paradigm is well aligned with the problem of graph search, as the high ratio of memory requests to computation can be tolerated via multithreading. In this paper, we introduce the multithreaded graph library (MTGL), generic graph query software for processing semantic graphs on multithreaded computers. This library currently runs on serial machines and the Cray MTA-2, but Sandia is developing a run-time system that will make it possible to run MTGL-based code on symmetric multiprocessors. We also introduce a multithreaded algorithm for connected components and a new heuristic for inexact subgraph isomorphism We explore the performance of these and other basic graph algorithms on large scale-free graphs. We conclude with a performance comparison between the Cray MTA-2 and Blue Gene/Light for s-t connectivity.
Tumor necrosis factor- <i>alpha</i> up-regulates expression of secretory component, the epithelial receptor for polymeric Ig. (1988)

Secretory component (SC) is the receptor that facilitates transcytosis of polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM through secretory epithelial cells and into exocrine fluids. The present study showed that rTNF-alpha enhanced the cellular pool, membrane expression, and secretion of functionally SC in a human colonic carcinoma cell line (HT-29m2) which is known to express and process SC like normal glandular cells. TNF-alpha also up-regulated membrane expression of the constitutive HLA class I molecules, whereas the cells remained HLA class II-negative.
Analysis of dynamic SPECT/CT measurements of the arterial input function in human subjects (2009)

Measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) is essential to deriving quantitative estimates of regional myocardial blood flow using kinetic models. Accurate measurements have been possible with a wide range of radiotracers in both research and clinical PET/CT imaging. However, accurate measurements of the AIF with dynamic SPECT or SPECT/CT have posed various challenges; foremost being that imaging a rapidly evolving radiotracer distribution with a slowly-rotating single- or dual-head SPECT scanner yields temporally inconsistent projection data. A method is developed for quantifying the AIF in human subjects from dynamic SPECT/CT measurements of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">99m</sup> Tc-tetrofosmin concentration in the left atrium imaged with a Philips Precedence SPECT/CT scanner. A 2-minute infusion is imaged in a series of eight back-to-back 180-degree continuous-mode acquisitions (or rotations), with the dual camera heads. In each acquisition a set of 36 projections (128 ? 128 pixels of dimension 3.19 mm ? 3.19 mm) is acquired in each rotation each over a time span of 54 seconds yielding a total acquisition time of 432 seconds. The AIF is computed using both traditional image-based analysis and full spatiotemporal image reconstruction methods (referred to as 4D recon). The errors induced by data inconsistency are evaluated by two approaches. The first method derives SPECT-like dynamic (inconsistent) projection data from selected forward projections, chosen from modeled SPECT acquisitions, of existing dynamic <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">94</sup> Tc-MIBI PET images. The second validation method uses a database of SPECT measurements of an anthropomorphic phantom to generate SPECT-like projections. The first validation study using a two minute infusion showed very little bias in the time-activity curves estimated from the simulated dynamic cardiac SPECT patient study; whereas, the second validation study using a one minute infusion showed considerable more bias in the estimated time-activity curves and parametric parameters. We believe that this is the result of selecting non optimum basis functions.
Epitaxial Growth of Size-Quantized Cadmium Sulfide Crystals Under Arachidic Acid Monolayers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpitaxial Growth of Size-Quantized Cadmium Sulfide Crystals Under Arachidic Acid MonolayersJianping Yang, Fiona C. Meldrum, and Janos H. FendlerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 15, 5500–5504Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100015a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100015a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
교육에서 자유의 의미 －자유교육과 아동중심교육을 중심으로－ (2006)

본 연구는 교육에서 자유가 어떤 의미를 지니는가를 밝히기 위해 자유교육과 아동중심교육에서의 자유의 관점을 검토하였다. 자유교육에서의 자유는 교육의 결과 가지게 되는 마음의 상태에 비추어 의미가 규정된다. 자유교육에서의 자유는, 교육의 결과 자유로운 마음의 발달이나 이성을 통해 세상을 바라보게 될 때, 그러한 마음이 나타내는 특질이라는 점에서 적극적 자유를 강조하는 것이다. 반면에, 아동중심교육에서의 자유는 교육의 과정에서 `아동을 어떻게 취급해야 하는가`에 대한 관점을 제시하며 아동의 흥미와 자발성을 방해하는 외적 요소를 제거해야 한다고 본다는 점에서 소극적 자유를 강조하는 것이다. 교육에서 소극적 자유와 적극적 자유는 다같이 중요한 것으로 다루어져야 한다. 소극적 자유인 구속이나 강제로부터의 자유는 이성적 능력과 같은 적극적 자유를 위한 조건으로 그 중요성을 갖기 때문이다.
[Successful salvage therapy with cladribine and rituximab for a patient with a relapsed Asian variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma]. (2006)

The Asian variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (AIVL) is a rare aggressive lymphoma characterized by various clinical symptoms, hemophagocytic syndrome and predominant growth within vessels. We present a 73-year-old man with relapsed AIVL who had been treated with six courses of CHOP regimen. A half year later, he presented with high fever, sweat, dementia and hepatosplenomegaly without lymphadenopathy. A bone marrow biopsy showed prominent hemophagocytosis and immunological staining disclosed an augmented intrasinusal pattern of atypical large lymphocytes characteristic of the CD20+ and CD5+ phenotypes. As salvage therapy, CND-R (rituximab, cladribine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone) was performed, and the clinical symptoms immediately and dramatically improved. Subsequently, CND-R therapy was repeated every 4 weeks. No serious adverse events were observed with the exception of grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia. After completion of the fifth course, a bone marrow biopsy pathologically confirmed complete remission, leading to termination of this therapy. The patient has remained in remission for more than 15 months. CND-R therapy, which is effective for indolent lymphoma, may be one of the candidates in salvage therapy for relapsed AIVL.
Passive Anti-Icing and Active Deicing Films (2016)

Anti-icing and deicing are the two major pathways for suppressing adhesion of ice on surfaces, yet materials with dual capabilities are rare. In this work, we have designed a perfluorododecylated graphene nanoribbon (FDO-GNR) film that takes advantage of both the low polarizability of perfluorinated carbons and the intrinsic conductive nature of graphene nanoribbons. The FDO-GNR films are superhydrophobic with a sheet resistance below 8 kΩ·sq(-1) and then exhibit an anti-icing property that prevents freezing of incoming ice-cold water down to -14 °C. After that point, voltage can be applied to the films to resistively heat and deice the surface. Further a lubricating liquid can be employed to create a slippery surface to improve the film's deicing performance. The FDO-GNR films can be easily switched between the superhydrophobic anti-icing mode and the slippery deicing mode by applying the lubricant. A spray-coating method makes it suitable for large-scale applications. The anti-icing and deicing properties render the FDO-GNR films with promise for use in extreme environments.
An enterprise policy-based security protocol for protecting relational database network objects (2006)

In this paper we present ESCORT, an Enterprise, policy-baSed seCurity prOtocol for protecting relational daTabase network objects. ESCORT is an efficient end-to-end security architecture that ensures the confidentiality and integrity of database objects flowing over network links between the Enterprise Information System (EIS) layer represented mainly in relational database servers and the client layer represented by a large variety of devices with diverse capabilities and resources. ESCORT is designed to provide the suitable security strength for a wide range of enterprise application configurations without compromising the application's efficiency and performance. It secures data based on content and sensitivity and highly surpasses the performance of bulk encryption protocols such as the SSL protocol and the TLS protocol by utilizing a customizable policy-based security architecture. This policy-based architecture makes use of the relational structure of database objects to provide flexible, multi-level, and fine-grained encryption and hashing methodologies that target the field level in the database result object. Moreover, ESCORT's security policy can be configured to hit the byte- level granularity in securing individual database fields. This makes ESCORT a very efficient choice for operation in wireless enterprise environments characterized by low-bandwidth wireless networks and supporting limited-resource wireless devices with low memory and processing power. ESCORT neither deals with the security of static data in the database store nor requires the encryption of database objects at the storage level. Results show a performance gain by a factor of three for ESCORT as compared to bulk encryption.
Cast Permanent Magnets of the Co5RE Type with Mixtures of Cerium and Samarium (1971)

Previous studies of the effect of composition on the magnetic properties of arc-cast alloys in the vicinity of Co3.5CuFe0.5Ce yielded maximum energy products from 4 to 10×106 G Oe, residual inductions from 4000 to 6400 G, and intrinsic coercive forces from 5000 to 12 000 Oe. The partial substitution of samarium for cerium in alloys in this vicinity results in an improvement in permanent magnet properties, with maximum energy products from 4.6 to 12.3×106 G Oe, residual inductions 4300 to 7150 G, and intrinsic coercive forces from 4000 to 13 400 Oe. Freezing points of these alloys were determined using differential thermal analysis. The dependence of magnetic saturation on temperature was determined for several of these alloys from room temperature to 1.5°K. The saturation increases gradually with decreasing temperature without anomaly. The temperature coefficient of saturation magnetization between 25° and −100°C was found to be 0.1%/°C for the alloy Co3.5CuFe0.5Ce, 0.06%/°C for the alloy Co3.5Cu1.35Fe0.4Sm. Intermediate values were obtained for mixtures of Ce and Sm. The temperature coefficient of saturation magnetization was reduced to practically zero by the partial substitution of Gd for Ce.
The Chinese Internet (2012)

Abstract As more claims surfaced regarding the Internet becoming increasingly monopolistic internationally and becoming an intranet in China, I saw a growing need to test and substantiate the claims. So I searched and analysed most recent published industry data, which I analysed in relation to three research questions: 1) What is the breadth and intensity of monopoly? 2) What is the identity like of the monopolisers in the Chinese Internet? 3) What are the likely consequences the monopoly? I found that the Chinese Internet indeed became a monopoly board separate from the international Internet. International ISPs are either absent/irrelevant or are retreating out of China. Furthermore, some internationally well-known ISPs are banned in China. In their absence, a range of geo-politically dedicated companies are filling up the Chinese monopoly board. Reflecting on this separate emerging monopoly board, I believed that two familiar conditions which had prompted China to lock out the world in the Ming, Qing and Mao eras were again ripening. One was self-confidence (with a self-reliant Internet and a self-sufficient range of ISPs) and the other was the fear of invasion by the outside world. These two conditions were prompting China to again wall itself in virtually, if not physically.
A Counterexample in Stochastic Optimum Control (1968)

It is sometimes conjectured that nothing is to be gained by using non-linear controllers when the objective is to minimize the expectation of a quadratic criterion for a linear system subject to Gaussian noise and with unconstrained control variables. In fact, this statement has only been established for the case where all control variables are generated by a single station which has perfect memory. Without this qualification the conjecture is false.
Duty-cycling buildings aggressively: The next frontier in HVAC control (2011)

Buildings are known to be the largest consumers of electricity in the United States, and often times the dominant energy consumer is the HVAC system. Despite this fact, in most buildings the HVAC system is run using primitive static control algorithms based on fixed work schedules causing wasted energy during periods of low occupancy. In this paper we present a novel control architecture that uses occupancy sensing to guide the operation of a building HVAC system. We show how we can enable aggressive duty-cycling of building HVAC systems — that is, turn them ON or OFF — to save energy while meeting building performance requirements using inexpensive sensing and control methods. We have deployed our occupancy sensor network across an entire floor of a university building and our data shows several periods of low occupancy with significant opportunities to save energy over normal HVAC schedules. Furthermore, by interfacing with the building Energy Management System (EMS) directly and using real-time occupancy data collected by our occupancy nodes, we measure electrical energy savings of 9.54% to 15.73% and thermal energy savings of 7.59% to 12.85% for the HVAC system by controlling just one floor of our four floor building.
An Automated Process for Concrete Reinforcement Layout Design (2018)

As many tasks considering structural design in civil engineering become digitalised, the possibility of creating a more effective workflow increases. The development of computer programs that can handle large amounts of data and assist the decision making during design process increases the requirement of the data management to fully utilize the potential of a digital workflow. The design of reinforcement layout of concrete structures is time demanding and often performed manually. These characteristics of a workflow indicates that it may be suitable to be subject to automation. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the potential and the difficulties of using automated design procedures in civil engineering with focus on reinforcement layout design. Specifically, the selection of straight rebars and their placement within concrete structures has been studied with respect to buildability and the amount of reinforcement used. A computer program has been developed to select rebar diameters and arrangement, satisfying the required amount of reinforcement as well as some of the rules according to the Eurocode standard. In order to find feasible solutions, an optimization of the amount of reinforcement as well as different measures of buildability is performed, using a genetic algorithm. The result from two case studies showed that the program managed to perform tasks similar to an engineer and create design solutions which reduced the amount of reinforcement and the number of rebar types. Furthermore, it was shown that consideration to the identified buildability parameters played an important role in finding an optimal solution. The findings indicate that the design of reinforcement layout may be automated and that a more effective workflow can be achieved.