gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Measurement of Relative and Absolute Humidity through Detection of Water Adsorbed on a Silica Gel Layer (1995)

Near-IR spectroscopy is especially well suited to moisture determination because of the relatively high absorptivity of water compared to most other substances. In the present work, near-IR diffuse-transmittance spectroscopy is applied to the measurement of humidity via observation of adsorbed water on a high-performance thin-layer chromatography silica gel plate. The adsorbed water is detected through both ordinary absorption of radiation by water molecules and the increased scattering of near-IR radiation by the silica gel as it adsorbs more water. This technique shows promise as a highly accurate and sensitive humidity sensor with a time constant of less than 1 min. The addition of inorganic salts to the silica gel layer is shown to increase the response to water vapor. However, it also increases the time constant of the sensor. A miniature humidity sensor using a commercially available near-IR transmissive switch is also demonstrated. Possible interferences and hysteresis effects are investigated.
Adjoint-Based Mesh Adaptation for the Sonic Boom Signature Loudness (2017)

The mesh adaptation functionality of FUN3D is utilized to obtain a mesh optimized to calculate sonic boom ground signature loudness. During this process, the coupling between the discrete-adjoints of the computational fluid dynamics tool FUN3D and the atmospheric propagation tool sBOOM is exploited to form the error estimate. This new mesh adaptation methodology will allow generation of suitable meshes adapted to reduce the estimated errors in the ground loudness, which is an optimization metric employed in supersonic aircraft design. This new output-based adaptation could allow new insights into meshing for sonic boom analysis and design, and complements existing output-based adaptation techniques such as adaptation to reduce estimated errors in off-body pressure functional. This effort could also have implications for other coupled multidisciplinary adjoint capabilities (e.g., aeroelasticity) as well as inclusion of propagation specific parameters such as prevailing winds or non-standard atmospheric conditions. Results are discussed in the context of existing methods and appropriate conclusions are drawn as to the efficacy and efficiency of the developed capability.
Influence of 15 retinoic acid amides on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the mouse (1982)

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the efficacy of 15 synthetic retinoic acid amides (retinamides) as inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder in C57BL/6 x DBA/2F1 mice. Eight of the retinamides tested had significant protective activity when administered at nontoxic levels in the diet. Minor structural alterations, such as the addition of a methyl or hydroxyl group to the terminal amide moiety had a major influence on the anticarcinogenic activity of the retinamides. Although 13-cis retinamides generally were less toxic on a molar basis than were their all-trans isomers, no consistent pattern of differential anticarcinogenic activity was noted among the six pairs of all-trans and 13-cis isomers tested. All-trans-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide was among the most active and least toxic of the retinoids tested, and appears to be the compound of choice for further study.
Cross-border flows of Italian patients within the European Union: An international trade approach (1997)

Italy is by far the major importer of health care services in the European Union. This paper uses concepts taken from international trade theory to analyse flows of Italian patients to other European Union member countries. The paper takes a typology in which international transactions in services are classified according to whether a transaction requires the movement of the consumers, of the producer or of neither and applies it to the trade in health services. The paper concentrates on the demand side of transactions and observes that a key feature in this trade is that the most common transaction involves the movement of the consumer to the location of the provider. An attempt is made to formalize a calculus which patients may be using in deciding whether or not to move for health care. Hoped-for improvements in the quality of care are set against the pecuniary and non-pecuniary costs which must be incurred to obtain these. The quite considerable volume of interregional transactions in health care services which takes place in Italy is examined in a first application of the calculus. This provides a basis for applying it to Italian transactions with other European health care systems. An important determinant of this trade seems to be differences in the reputations, real or imagined, between Italian providers of certain types of care and those in a number of other European Union countries. The paper concludes by examining some factors, including changes in the financing mechanisms, which may in the future influence the volume and nature of the trade in health services between Italy and the rest of the European Union.
Dirichlet Tessellation of Bark Beetle Spatial Attack Points (1992)

Algorithms for Dirichlet tessellation of spatial points are developed and implemented on personal computer. Up to 3000 tessellations of points in an area of any rectangular dimensions can be scaled appropriately and viewed on computer screen or output to laser printer. The program also calculates Dirichlet cell areas and their coefficient of variation (CV) as well as the average nearest neighbour distance between points. Simulations revealed the polynomial relationship between the CV and the minimum spacing between points. The relationship is used to predict the percentage of maximum spacing that is exhibited by a population
An Optically Sampled ADC in 3D Integrated Silicon-Photonics/65nm CMOS (2020)

The accuracy of conventional ADCs for high-frequency input signals is mainly limited by the sampling clock jitter. To address this issue, this paper demonstrates an ADC that uses low-jitter (<; 26 fs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> ) optical pulses to sample the input signal. A prototype two-channel ADC is realized in a 3D integrated platform with 65 nm CMOS and silicon-photonics connected using high-density TOVs. With optical pulses spaced at 250 ps (4 GS/s effective sampling rate), the ADC achieves SNDR of 40 dB near DC and 37 dB at 45 GHz input.
Pharmacokinetics and central nervous system effects of the novel dopamine D<sub>2</sub>receptor antagonist JNJ-37822681 (2011)

Using the rate of dissociation from the D(2) receptor as a means to screen novel compounds for antipsychotic drug candidates, the centrally acting and fast-dissociating selective dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist JNJ-37822681 was developed. In a blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized first-in-human study, JNJ-37822681 was administered orally to 27 healthy male volunteers at doses of 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg. Safety, pharmacokinetics and central nervous system effects were evaluated by measuring prolactin levels, eye movements, adaptive tracking, visual analogue scales, body sway, finger tapping and electroencephalography. JNJ-37822681 was well tolerated and somnolence was the most frequently reported adverse effect. Peak plasma concentrations increased more than proportional to dose, but increases in the area under curve (AUC) were dose-proportional. Prolactin elevations started at doses of 5 mg, whereas small decreases in adaptive tracking were demonstrated at 10 mg doses. At higher doses, JNJ-37822681 caused a small decrease in saccadic peak velocity, smooth pursuit, alertness, finger tapping and electroencephalography activity, and an increase in body sway. This effect profile is likely to be the result of the selectivity of JNJ-37822681 for the D(2) receptor, leading to strong D(2) receptor-mediated elevations in serum prolactin, but fewer effects on more complex central nervous system functions, which are likely to involve multiple neurotransmitters.
Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells Contain an Angiotensin-(1–7) Receptor (1997)

Angiotensin-(1-7) is a novel peptide of the renin-angiotensin system that counteracts the pressor and proliferative responses to angiotensin II. We now report that cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells contain a saturable, high-affinity [125I]angiotensin-(1-7) binding site with an affinity of 19.3 +/- 10.7 nmol/L and a density of 1351 +/- 710 fmol/mg protein. Angiotensin-(1-7) competed at a second lower-affinity site, with an IC50 of 2.9 mumol/L. The high-affinity angiotensin II receptor antagonist sarcosine1-isoleucine8-angiotensin II blocked [125I]angiotensin-(1-7) binding to bovine aortic endothelial cells at both a high- (IC50 = 1.3 nmol/L) and a low-affinity (IC50 = 6.2 mumol/L) binding site. In contrast, D-alanine7-angiotensin-(1-7) completely blocked [125I]angiotensin-(1-7) binding, with an IC50 of 19.8 nmol/L, suggesting that D-alanine7-angiotensin-(1-7) may selectively block responses to angiotensin-(1-7) in endothelial cells. Neither the AT1 antagonist losartan nor the AT2 antagonist PD 123319 exhibited significant competition for [125I]angiotensin-(1-7) binding to endothelial cells isolated from bovine aorta, in agreement with the absence of detectable mRNAs encoding typical angiotensin receptor subtypes 1 or 2 (AT1 or AT2). Angiotensin II also competed for [125I]angiotensin-(1-7) binding to bovine aortic endothelial cells; however, the relative affinity was 13-fold lower than angiotensin-(1-7), suggesting a preference for angiotensin-(1-7) over angiotensin II. These results demonstrate that bovine aortic endothelial cells contain a unique non-AT1, non-AT2 angiotensin receptor that preferentially binds angiotensin-(1-7).
HYDRATION AND ENZYME ACTIVITY (1984)

Hydration induced conformation and dynamic changes are followed using a variety of experimental techniques applied to hen egg white lysozyme. These changes are completed just before the onset of enzyme activity, which occurs before all polar groups are hydrated, and before monolayer coverage is attained. We suggest that these hydration induced changes are necessary for the return of enzyme activity.
RESEARCH ON STABILITY ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PROTOTYPE KILOGRAM (2013)

Today, the kilogram is the last of the seven base units of the International System of Units (SI) which is based on a physical artifact. The demands of modern mass metrology have led to an increasing focus on the surface stability and analysis of mass standard. Methods for evaluating the correlation between the measured mass values of the prototypes of the kilogram includes: collection of historical calibration data for kilogram prototypes, setting up a model for deterministic and random changes in the mass of a kilogram prototype (relative to the IPK), adjustment of parameters in a model using historical calibration data, and prediction of future mass values of a kilogram prototype using model and adjusted parameters.
Surfactants as Stimulants of Enzyme Production by Microorganisms (1969)

The addition of Tween 80 and sucrose monopalmitate, nonionic surfactants, to fungal cultures resulted in marked increases in yields of the enzymes cellulase, amylase, sucrase, beta-1 --> 3 glucanase, xylanase, purine nucleosidase, and benzoyl esterase. The action appears to be an effect of the surfactant on cell permeability.
A chromomeric model for nuclear and chromosome structure (1995)

The basic structural elements of chromatin and chromosomes are reviewed. Then a model involving only three architectural motifs, nucleosomes, chromatin loops and transcription factories/chromomeres, is presented. Loops are tied through transcription factors and RNA polymerases to factories during interphase and to the remnants of those factories, chromomeres, during mitosis. On entry into mitosis, increased adhesiveness between nucleosomes and between factories drives a 'sticky-end' aggregation to the most compact and stable structure, a cylinder of nucleosomes around an axial chromomeric core.
Polysaccharide-Based Conjugates for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Polysaccharides contain different functional groups (such as hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid, aldehydes) that make them ideal for conjugation. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, and hydrophilic. Polysaccharide conjugates have been used in drug, gene, and macromolecule delivery, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications. Polysaccharide conjugates have also been used primarily for solubilization and controlled release of hydrophobic moieties. The advent of nanotechnology, gene therapy, and tissue engineering influenced the way these conjugates are now used. Modern day conjugates are modulated to be thermoresponsive, pH-responsive, photoresponsive, or target-specific (receptor mediated targeting). This Review briefly introduces different polysaccharides followed by different synthetic strategies used for conjugation; finally, recent applications were compiled.
Comparison of ion trap and sector instruments in the study of fragmentation patterns of coumarins (1992)

Abstract The mass spectra of a series of differently substituted coumarins were obtained by high‐ and low‐energy collision experiments. The results obtained by the two techniques show peculiar differences, mainly in the presence, under ion trap conditions, of a high relative abundance of M +· . The results support the validity of the ion trap technique basic studies of mass Spectrometry.
Path Preferences and Optimal Paths in Probabilistic Networks (1985)

The classical shortest route problem in networks assumes deterministic link weights, and route evaluation by a utility (or cost) function that is linear over path weights. When the environment is stochastic and the “traveler’s” utility function for travel attributes is nonlinear, we define “optimal paths” that maximize the expected utility. In this setting, the concept of temporary and permanent preferences for route choices is introduced. It is shown that when the utility function is linear or exponential (constant risk averseness), permanent preferences prevail and an efficient Dijkstra-type algorithm can be used.
Interleukin-1β suppresses apoptosis in CD34 positive bone marrow cells through activation of the type I IL-1 receptor (1996)

Interleukin-1 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been shown previously to suppress active cell death in T cells. Two cell surface receptors for interleukin-1 have been identified and their genes cloned, type I (IL-RI) and type II (IL-RII) receptors. In the present study, we provide evidence for a role of interleukin-1 beta in the short-term suppression of cell death both in purified CD34+/Lin- bone marrow precursors and in the GM-CSF dependent cell line TF-1. Several lines of evidence suggest that the biologic effects of IL-1 beta are mediated by activation of type I IL-1 receptors (IL-1RI) and induction of GM-CSF production. First, neutralizing antibodies to IL-1RI but not IL-1RII drastically abrogated cell survival induced by IL-1 beta in CD34+/Lin- cells and TF-1 cells. Second, neutralizing antibodies against GM-CSF abrogate cell survival supported by IL-1 both in CD34+/Lin- bone marrow cells and in the cell line TF-1. Furthermore, exposure of TF-1 cells to IL-1 beta results in a transient accumulation of GM-CSF mRNA, with a peak at 3 h, which was dramatically decreased by neutralizing anti-IL-1R1 antibodies. In contrast, neutralizing anti-IL-1RII did not change the IL-1 induced cell survival of bone marrow cells and was followed by a paradoxical increase in viable cell numbers, in c-myc and c-myb mRNA accumulation in IL-1 treated TF-1 cells. Together our results indicate that the increase in cell survival induced IL-1 beta occurs through binding to IL-1RI and the subsequent production of endogenous GM-CSF. IL-1RII does not appear to be involved in signal transduction in primary CD34+/Lin- cells but could negatively regulate the response to IL-1 beta in TF-1 cells.
Liver Progenitor Cells Develop Cholangiocyte-Type Epithelial Polarity in Three-dimensional Culture (2007)

Cholangiocytes are cellular components of the bile duct system of the liver, which originate from hepatoblasts during embryonic liver development. Although several transcription factors and signaling molecules have been implicated in bile duct development, its molecular mechanism has not been studied in detail. Here, we applied a three-dimensional (3D) culture technique to a liver progenitor cell line, HPPL, to establish an in vitro culture system in which HPPL acquire differentiated cholangiocyte characteristics. When HPPL were grown in a gel containing Matrigel, which contains extracellular matrix components of basement membrane, HPPL developed apicobasal polarity and formed cysts, which had luminal space inside. In the cysts, F-actin bundles and atypical protein kinase C were at the apical membrane, E-cadherin was localized at the lateral membrane, and beta-catenin and integrin alpha6 were located at the basolateral membrane. HPPL in cysts expressed cholangiocyte markers, including cytokeratin 19, integrin beta4, and aquaporin-1, but not a hepatocyte marker, albumin. Furthermore, HPPL transported rhodamine 123, a substrate for multidrug resistance gene products, from the basal side to the central lumen. These data indicate that HPPL develop cholangiocyte-type epithelial polarity in 3D culture. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling was essential for proliferation and survival of HPPL in culture, whereas laminin-1 was a crucial component of Matrigel for inducing epithelial polarization of HPPL. Because HPPL cysts display structural and functional similarities with bile ducts, the 3D culture of HPPL recapitulates in vivo cholangiocyte differentiation and is useful to study the molecular mechanism of bile duct development in vitro.
ENGELLİ BİREYLER İÇİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE: 2009-2010 ÇALIŞTAYLARI SONUÇ RAPORU (2010)

Ulkemizde engelliler icin fiziksel aktivite alaninda calisan meslek elemanlarini akademik olarak guclendirmek, aralarinda isbirligi kurmalarini saglamak, arastirma icin motivasyon saglamak, bilgiyi gelistirmek ve yaymak, boylece bu alanin hem bir meslek hem de bir bilim olarak gelisimine katkida bulunmak amaciyla 2009-2010 yillarinda “Ulusal Engelli Bireyler icin Fiziksel Aktivite Calistayi” duzenlenmistir. Bu makalede her iki calistayin sonuc raporlari birlestirilerek ele alinmis ve raporda yer alan maddeler uluslararasi duzeydeki uygulamalarla karsilastirilarak tartisilmistir. Sonuc olarak, engelliler icin fiziksel aktivitenin bir bilim, bir meslek, bir hizmet ve bir hak olarak gelisimi icin ilgili kurum ve kuruluslarla isbirligi yapilmak suretiyle yasal duzenlemelere gidilmesi onerilmistir.
Chemopreventive Effect of N‐(2‐Cyclohexyloxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)methane Sulfonamide (NS‐398), a Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor, in Rat Colon Carcinogenesis Induced by Azoxymethane (1999)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as sulindac and indomethacin inhibit colon carcinogenesis, and selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are considered to be potential chemopreventive agents without the side effects of usual NSAIDs. We reported that NS-398, N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methane sulfonamide, suppressed the formation of preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in a short-term assay of rat colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term NS-398 administration on rat colon carcinogenesis. After three AOM treatments at weekly intervals, a dose of 10 mg/kg of NS-398 in 5% Arabic gum solution was administered by gavage three times per week in group 2 until the termination of the experiment. Rats in group 1 were fed in a basal diet and given 5% Arabic gum solution alone after AOM treatment. At 40 weeks after the first AOM treatment, all rats were killed and the whole intestines including colon were examined. While the incidences of whole intestinal and colon neoplasms in group 1 were 84.6% and 80.8%, respectively, those in group 2 (given NS-398) were 51.9% and 44.4% respectively (P=0.0177 and P=0.0103 by Fisher's exact test, respectively). The multiplicities in group 2 (0.67+/-0.78 and 0.48+/-0.58) were also decreased significantly compared with those (1.39+/-1.10 and 1.08+/-0.74) in group 1 (P<0.01 by Welch's method and P<0.002 by Student's t test, respectively). In immunohistochemistry for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the PCNA-stained cell index (7.40+/-0.5) in group 2 was significantly decreased from that in group 1 (14.03+/-0.82) (P<0.001 by Welch's method). The results suggest that NS-398, a selective COX inhibitor, has a chemopreventive activity against colon carcinogenesis without side-effects such as gastric ulceration.
A Rule-Based Classification Algorithm for Uncertain Data (2009)

Data uncertainty is common in real-world applications due to various causes, including imprecise measurement, network latency, outdated sources and sampling errors. These kinds of uncertainty have to be handled cautiously, or else the mining results could be unreliable or even wrong. In this paper, we propose a new rule-based classification and prediction algorithm called uRule for classifying uncertain data. This algorithm introduces new measures for generating, pruning and optimizing rules. These new measures are computed considering uncertain data interval and probability distribution function. Based on the new measures, the optimal splitting attribute and splitting value can be identified and used for classification and prediction. The proposed uRule algorithm can process uncertainty in both numerical and categorical data. Our experimental results show that uRule has excellent performance even when data is highly uncertain.
Photoluminescence of ZnSe single crystals diffused with a group-III element (1977)

Photoluminescence of ZnSe single crystals doped with group-III elements (Al, Ga, In) has been studied in order to obtain both a high blue luminescence quality and suitable conductance for making a luminescence diode. The highest-energy blue emission, which is the strong blue emission in electroluminescence at room temperature, is increased with Zn-Ga diffusion. The free-to-bound blue emission is enhanced and the self-activated orange emission is suppressed with Zn-Ga and Zn-In diffusion. The Zn-Al and Ga diffused crystals exhibit only the self-activated emission. Several characteristics of the recombination centers have been examined, including the temperature dependence of the emission peak energy, half-width, and emission intensity, as well as excitation spectra for these centers. Information gained from these studies concerning impurity levels and luminescence processes in impurity-doped ZnSe crystals is discussed.
[The problem of atomic power] (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXT[The problem of atomic power]Russel R. Williams Jr.Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1945, 22, 12, 618Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1945Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1945Published inissue 1 December 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ed022p618.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts