gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemicals Produced in a Commercial Fischer-Tropsch Process (1987)

In this article a general review of the Fischer-Tropsch process is given, but since Sasol operates the only proven commercial plants the emphasis will fall on the Sasol operations. The first Sasol plant (Sasol One) came on stream in 1955 and is still in production. The profitability of this operation initially was low because the price of crude oil remained depressed for many years due to the discovery and exploitation of the huge oil deposits in the Middle East. After 1973, however, the price of crude oil rose rapidly and consequently the profitability of the Fischer-Tropsch process in South Africa improved dramatically. This lead to the construction of two much bigger plants (Sasol Two and Sasol Three) which came on stream in 1980 and 1982 respectively. Sasol is now a public company and its shares are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Despite the fluctuations in the price of crude
A synthesis for testability scheme for finite state machines using clock control (1999)

A new method is proposed for improving the testability of a finite state machine (FSM) during its synthesis. The method exploits clock control to enhance the controllability and observability of machine states. With clock control it is possible to add new state transitions during testing. Therefore, it is easier to navigate between states in the resulting test machine. Unlike prior work, where clock control is added to the circuit as a post-design step, here, clock control is considered in conjunction with a symbolic scheme for encoding the states of the FSM. The encoding is shown to result in significant reductions in the interstate distances in the benchmark FSM's. Further, the observability of the encoded states can be improved by adding two primary outputs to the circuit such that a fixed input sequence forms a distinguishing sequence for all states. Theoretical results show that for a large class of FSM's, the testability improvements are comparable to those achievable by scan designs. Experimental results show that available test pattern generation tools are able to take advantage of the enhanced testability in producing shorter test sequences, particularly for machines with poor connectivity of states.
Neurolin, a cell surface glycoprotein on growing retinal axons in the goldfish visual system, is reexpressed during retinal axonal regeneration (1992)

The mAb E 21 recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein selectively associated with fish retinal ganglion cell axons that are in a state of growth. All retinal axons and ganglion cells in goldfish embryos stained for E 21. In adult fish, however, E 21 immunoreactivity exhibited a patterned distribution in ganglion cells in the marginal growth zone of the continuously enlarging fish retina and the new axons emerging from these cells in the retina, optic nerve, and optic tract. The E 21 antigen was absent from older axons, except the terminal arbor layer in the tectum, the Stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale where it was uniformly distributed. Upon optic nerve transection, the previously unlabeled axons reacquired E 21 positivity as they regenerated throughout their path to the tectum. Several months after ONS, however, E 21 staining disappeared from the regenerated axons over most of their lengths but reappeared as in normal fish in the terminal arbor layer. The immunoaffinity-purified E 21 antigen, called Neurolin, has an apparent molecular mass of 86 kD and contains the HNK1/L2 carbohydrate moiety, like several members of the class of cell adhesion molecules of the Ig superfamily. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence has homologies to the cell adhesion molecule DM-Grasp recently described in the chicken. Thus, retinal ganglion cell axons express Neurolin during their development and are able to reexpress this candidate cell adhesion molecule during axonal regeneration, suggesting that Neurolin is functionally important for fish retinal axon growth.
Rates of Advanced Spinal Imaging and Spine Surgery (2003)

A significant proportion of the variation in rates of spine surgery can be explained by differences in the rates of advanced spinal imaging. The indications for advanced spinal imaging are not firmly agreed on, and the appropriateness of many of these imaging studies has been questioned. Improved consensus on the use and interpretation of advanced spinal imaging studies could have an important effect on variation in spine surgery rates.
Recognition of Grip-Patterns by Using Capacitive Touch Sensors (2006)

A novel and intuitive way of accessing applications of mobile devices is presented. The key idea is to use grip-pattern, which is naturally produced when a user tries to use the mobile device, as a clue to determine an application to be launched. To this end, a capacitive touch sensor system is carefully designed and installed underneath the housing of the mobile device to capture the information of the user's grip-pattern. The captured data is then recognized by a minimum distance classifier and a naive Bayes classifier. The recognition test is performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed user interface system
The tolerogenic interplay(s) among HLA-G, myeloid APCs, and regulatory cells (2011)

Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs), regulatory cells, and the HLA-G molecule are involved in modulating immune responses and promoting tolerance. APCs are known to induce regulatory cells and to express HLA-G as well as 2 of its receptors; regulatory T cells can express and act through HLA-G; and HLA-G has been directly involved in the generation of regulatory cells. Thus, interplay(s) among HLA-G, APCs, and regulatory cells can be easily envisaged. However, despite a large body of evidence on the tolerogenic properties of HLA-G, APCs, and regulatory cells, little is known on how these tolerogenic players cooperate. In this review, we first focus on key aspects of the individual relationships between HLA-G, myeloid APCs, and regulatory cells. In its second part, we highlight recent work that gathers individual effects and demonstrates how intertwined the HLA-G/myeloid APCs/regulatory cell relationship is.
PRESENTACION DEL LIBRO "LA EXTENSION UNIVERSITARIA" (1980)

PRESIDIDO POR EL ARQUITECTO JORGE FERNANDEZ VARELA; COORDINADOR DE EXTENSION UNIVERSITARIA; Y EL LICENCIADO ALFONSO DE MARIA Y CAMPOS; DIRECTOR DE LA DISTRIBUIDORA DE LIBROS DE LA UNAM; SE LLEVO A CABO EL CICLO DE PRESENTACION DE LA COLECCION CONMEMORATIVA DEL CINCUENTENARIO DE LA AUTONOMIA DE ESTA CASA DE ESTUDIOS. SE PRESENTO EL LIBRO LA EXTENSION UNIVERSITARIA (TOMO I. NOTAS PARA SU HISTORIA); ELABORADO POR LA MAESTRA GUADALUPE PEREZ SAN VICENTE; INVESTIGADORA DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES HISTORICAS. ESTE VOLUMEN REPRESENTA UNA VALIDA Y TRASCENDENTAL APORTACION EN LAS DIVERSAS PERSPECTIVAS Y REALIZACIONES DE LA EXTENSION UNIVERSITARIA.
Amidoxime-Functionalized Macroporous Carbon Self-Refreshed Electrode Materials for Rapid and High-Capacity Removal of Heavy Metal from Water (2019)

Heavy metal pollution continues to be one of the most serious environmental problems which has attracted major global concern. Here, a rapid, high-capacity, yet economical strategy for deep cleaning of heavy metals ions in water is reported based on amidoxime-functionalized macroporous carbon electrode materials. The active sites of our material can be self-refreshed during the electrochemical removal process, which is different from traditional methods. The novel filter device in this work can purify contaminated water very rapidly (3000 L h<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>), and can decrease heavy metal ion concentrations to below 5 ppb with a very short contact time (only 3 s). The original treatment efficiency of the device can be retained even after 1 week of continuous device operation. An extremely high removal capacity of over 2300 mg g<sup>-1</sup> can be achieved with 2-3 orders of magnitude higher efficiency than that of surface adsorption-based commercial filters without any decay. Additionally, the cost of energy consumed in our method is lower than $6.67 × 10<sup>-3</sup> per ton of wastewater. We envision that this approach can be routinely applied for the rapid, efficient, and thorough removal of heavy metals from both point-of-use water and industrial wastewater.
Topological sorting of large networks (1962)

Topological Sorting is a procedure required for many problems involving analysis of networks. An example of one such problem is PERT. The present paper presents a very general method for obtaining topological order. It permits treatment of larger networks than can be handled on present procedures and achieves this with greater efficiency. Although the procedure can be adapted to any machine, it is discussed in terms of the 7090. A PERT network of 30,000 activities can be ordered in less than one hour of machine time. The method was developed as a byproduct of procedure needed by Westinghouse, Baltimore. It has not been programmed and at present there are no plans to implement it. In regard to the techniques described, Westinghouse's present and anticipated needs are completely served by the Lockheed program, which is in current use.
Aerodynamic Analysis and Monitoring of the Vortec 7 Diffuser-augmented Wind Turbine (1998)

The Vortec 7 is the first full scale diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) to be built. A DAWT has a duct which surrounds the wind turbine blades and increases in cross-sectional area farther downstream. The aerodynamics of a diffuser are such that more air flows through the blade plane, and more power can be generated compared to a 'bare turbine' of the same rotor blade diameter. The idea of using a diffuser to augment the power of a wind turbine had been considered earlier, but received a big boost from research directed by K.M. Foreman at Grumman Aerospace Corporation into innovative wind energy conversion systems. The design of the Vortec 7 is based on the best model as determined by wind tunnel tests on a host of various DAWT options performed by Grumman in the 1970's and early I980's. This paper reports on the work performed at the Grumman Aerospace Corporation and presents a simplified theoretical analysis of the design, and results from a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. Preliminary field results from monitoring the Vortec 7 are presented. It is found that the simplified theoretical analysis and the CFD results show significant differences, but that the CFD agrees quite well with the field measurements. Many of the field results also agree with the Grumman measurements, including wind speed up at inlet near the blade tips. Preliminary measurements show that the speed up across the blade plane is not uniform as assumed by Foreman, decreasing towards the hub, and hence the power output of a DAWT would be less than predicted by Foreman. Improvements to the inlet velocity profile are anticipated after retrofitting a bullnose to the primary diffuser slot and a parabolic nose cone ahead of the rotor hub. This performance optimisation work has been guided by the CFD, blade & diffuser performance codes presented in this paper.
Mechanisms of ANG II-induced mitogenic responses: role of 12-lipoxygenase and biphasic MAP kinase (1996)

The potential mechanisms of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced mitogenesis were studied in a Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cell line overexpressing the rat vascular type 1a ANG II receptor (CHO-AT1a). ANG II had potent mitogenic effects in these CHO-AT1a cells, leading to a sustained increase in cell number as well as a dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis. ANG II treatment also induced a biphasic elevation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity of both p42MAPK and p44MAPK with a rapid early peak at 5 min (2- to 6-fold) followed by a second sustained increase that reached a peak at 3 h (1.5- to 3-fold). We have previously shown that the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway of arachidonate metabolism plays a key role in ANG II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle and adrenal cells. In the present study, ANG II (10(-7) M) increased the formation of the 12-LO product, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). ANG II-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited by a specific LO inhibitor, cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC, 10 microM). In contrast, a cyclooxygenase blocker of arachidonate metabolism such as ibuprofen had no effect on ANG II-induced DNA synthesis. ANG II-induced DNA synthesis was also partially (32%) blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX). CDC and PTX also selectively blocked only the late (3 h) peak of ANG II-induced MAP kinase activity, suggesting that the late sustained peak of MAP kinase activity may be linked to the mitogenic effect of ANG II. Direct addition of 12-HETE (10(-7) M) led to a sustained increase in cell number similar to the effect of ANG II. 12-HETE also caused an increase in MAP kinase activity, and 12-HETE effects were blocked by PTX. These results suggest that ANG II-induced mitogenic response is associated with sustained MAP kinase activation and that LO activation may play a key role in this process.
Temporal Aspects of the Regulation of Corpus Luteum Function by Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin and Placental Luteotrophin During the First Half of Pregnancy in the Rat<sup>1</sup><sup>2</sup> (1974)

Intact rats were injected once, subcutaneously, with either 1.0 mg of ergocornine, free base (ECO), to prevent prolactin release, or an equine antiserum to bovine LH (LH-AS), to neutralize endogenous LH, on one of the days between days 6 and 12 of pregnancy. ECO treatment was uniformly abortifacient on day 6, only slightly less so on day 7, and was ineffective at 0400 hr or later on day 8. LH-AS treatment on day 6 or 7 induced abortion in very few rats; at 0400 hr on day 8, it induced abortion in 92%, and at 1200 or 1600 hr on day 8 or at 1200 hr on day 10, in 100% of the rats; when given on day 12, it was again ineffective. ECO did not depress serum LH or FSH levels, but abolished the nocturnal surge of prolactin; ECOinduced abortions could be prevented by treatment with prolactin but not with LH. Absorption of the LH-AS with LH, but not with either FSH or bovine serum abolished its abortifacient effect. A severe fall in the serum progesterone level occurred within 12 to 48 hr after treatment with either...
HoloNet: towards robust emotion recognition in the wild (2016)

In this paper, we present HoloNet, a well-designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture regarding our submissions to the video based sub-challenge of the Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) 2016 challenge. In contrast to previous related methods that usually adopt relatively simple and shallow neural network architectures to address emotion recognition task, our HoloNet has three critical considerations in network design. (1) To reduce redundant filters and enhance the non-saturated non-linearity in the lower convolutional layers, we use a modified Concatenated Rectified Linear Unit (CReLU) instead of ReLU. (2) To enjoy the accuracy gain from considerably increased network depth and maintain efficiency, we combine residual structure and CReLU to construct the middle layers. (3) To broaden network width and introduce multi-scale feature extraction property, the topper layers are designed as a variant of inception-residual structure. The main benefit of grouping these modules into the HoloNet is that both negative and positive phase information implicitly contained in the input data can flow over it in multiple paths, thus deep multi-scale features explicitly capturing emotion variation can be well extracted from multi-path sibling layers, and then can be further concatenated for robust recognition. We obtain competitive results in this year’s video based emotion recognition sub-challenge using an ensemble of two HoloNet models trained with given data only. Specifically, we obtain a mean recognition rate of 57.84%, outperforming the baseline accuracy with an absolute margin of 17.37%, and yielding 4.04% absolute accuracy gain compared to the result of last year’s winner team. Meanwhile, our method runs with a speed of several thousands of frames per second on a GPU, thus it is well applicable to real-time scenarios.
Epitaxial Integration on Si(001) of Ferroelectric Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Capacitors with High Retention and Endurance (2019)

Epitaxial ferroelectric Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> films have been successfully integrated in a capacitor heterostructure on Si(001). The orthorhombic Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> phase, [111] out-of-plane oriented, is stabilized in the films. The films present high remnant polarization P<sub>r</sub> close to 20 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, rivaling with equivalent epitaxial films on single crystalline oxide substrates. Retention time is longer than 10 years for a writing field of around 5 MV/cm, and the capacitors show endurance up to 10<sup>9</sup> cycles for a writing voltage of around 4 MV/cm. It is found that the formation of the orthorhombic ferroelectric phase depends critically on the bottom electrode, being achieved on La<sub>0.67</sub>Sr<sub>0.33</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> but not on LaNiO<sub>3</sub>. The demonstration of excellent ferroelectric properties in epitaxial films of Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> on Si(001) is relevant toward fabrication of devices that require homogeneity in the nanometer scale, as well as for better understanding of the intrinsic properties of this promising ferroelectric oxide.
Therapeutic rAAVrh10 Mediated <i>SOD1</i> Silencing in Adult <i>SOD1</i> <sup>G93A</sup> Mice and Nonhuman Primates (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease; survival in ALS is typically 3-5 years. No treatment extends patient survival by more than three months. Approximately 20% of familial ALS and 1-3% of sporadic ALS patients carry a mutation in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In a transgenic ALS mouse model expressing the mutant SOD1(G93A) protein, silencing the SOD1 gene prolongs survival. One study reports a therapeutic effect of silencing the SOD1 gene in systemically treated adult ALS mice; this was achieved with a short hairpin RNA, a silencing molecule that has raised multiple safety concerns, and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 9. We report here a silencing method based on an artificial microRNA termed miR-SOD1 systemically delivered using adeno-associated virus rAAVrh10, a serotype with a demonstrated safety profile in CNS clinical trials. Silencing of SOD1 in adult SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice with this construct profoundly delayed both disease onset and death in the SOD1(G93A) mice, and significantly preserved muscle strength and motor and respiratory functions. We also document that intrathecal delivery of the same rAAVrh10-miR-SOD1 in nonhuman primates significantly and safely silences SOD1 in lower motor neurons. This study supports the view that rAAVrh10-miR-SOD1 merits further development for the treatment of SOD1-linked ALS in humans.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements within a Laboratory Hall Thruster (Postprint) (1998)

Abstract : In this paper, we describe the results of a study of laser induced fluorescence velocimetry of neutral xenon in the plume of a Hall type thruster operating at powers ranging from 250 to 725 W. Neutral velocities are seen to increase with thruster discharge voltage. There is no evidence for neutrals being accelerated in the near field plume. Velocities appear to remain constant past the cathode plane. In preparation for future ion velocimetry studies, the plume plasma potential profile is measured for a number of conditions. For a low power condition, the plasma potential profile is mapped through the ionization region into the interior of the thruster. For this condition, the electric field profile is calculated. We also find evidence of neutral xenon streaming toward the Hall thruster. These backstreaming neutrals make determination of neutral xenon velocities difficult. We believe the neutrals originate from the thruster plume wall impingement approximately 2 m from the thruster.
MOCHA: Morphable Locality and Compression Aware Architecture for Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Today, machine learning based on neural networks has become mainstream, in many application domains. A small subset of machine learning algorithms, called Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), are considered as state-ofthe- art for many applications (e.g. video/audio classification). The main challenge in implementing the CNNs, in embedded systems, is their large computation, memory, and bandwidth requirements. To meet these demands, dedicated hardware accelerators have been proposed. Since memory is the major cost in CNNs, recent accelerators focus on reducing the memory accesses. In particular, they exploit data locality using either tiling, layer merging or intra/inter feature map parallelism to reduce the memory footprint. However, they lack the flexibility to interleave or cascade these optimizations. Moreover, most of the existing accelerators do not exploit compression that can simultaneously reduce memory requirements, increase the throughput, and enhance the energy efficiency. To tackle these limitations, we present a flexible accelerator called MOCHA. MOCHA has three features that differentiate it from the state-of-the-art: (i) the ability to compress input/ kernels, (ii) the flexibility to interleave various optimizations, and (iii) intelligence to automatically interleave and cascade the optimizations, depending on the dimension of a specific CNN layer and available resources. Post layout Synthesis results reveal that MOCHA provides up to 63% higher energy efficiency, up to 42% higher throughput, and up to 30% less storage, compared to the next best accelerator, at the cost of 26-35% additional area.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS FAN, SPRINKLER, AND MISTER SYSTEMS IN REDUCING HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS (1998)

Heat stress in dairy cows causes large losses of milk production, but such declines can be lessened if the cowsare cooled. Two two-year experiments were conducted during four summers to evaluate the effectiveness of various fan,sprinkler and mister systems on cow performance and their environment. Cow housing, if provided, was in an open-sided,well-vented free-stall facility. In experiment 1, cows were either outside much of the time, inside with fans only or insidewith fans and intermittently sprinkled with water. The afternoon air temperature was lower in the sprinkled area and thecows on the sprinkled treatment had greater dry matter intake and milk production during one summer than for cows onthe other treatments. Cows allowed outside produced as well or better than cows left inside with fans only. Inexperiment 2, cows were assigned to treatments in which control cows had limited time inside with fans while other cowswere inside with fans only, fans plus intermittent sprinklers, or fans plus misters. Inside areas with sprinklers or misterswere cooler than with fans only. Cows assigned to areas with sprinklers or misters had lower respiration rates andconsumed more dry matter than cows inside with fans only or allowed access to the outside. Cows sprinkled gave moremilk during the first summer than those on other treatments, but mist in the fan plus mister area was caught in up-draftsand did not reach the cows. Milk production did not differ during the second summer for cows on sprinkler or mistertreatments when the misters were lowered to prevent mist up-drafts. About 10 times more water was used for the sprinklerthan the mister treatments during each of the two years. Proper use of water to cool cows in hot weather reduced milkproduction loss.