gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jaundice in non-cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis: the premature ductopenic variant (2001)

The clinical and pathological findings of four females with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with an unusual and hitherto not well recognised course are reported. Patients suffered severe pruritus and weight loss with progressive icteric cholestasis which did not respond to such treatments as ursodeoxycholic acid and immunosuppressives. In all cases liver histology revealed marked bile duct loss without however significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. Further diagnostic studies and repeat biopsies confirmed the absence of liver cirrhosis as well as other potential causes of hyperbilirubinaemia. Comparison of the fibrosis-ductopenia relationship for our cases with that for a group of 101 non-cirrhotic PBC patients indicated that in the former the severity of bile duct loss relative to the amount of fibrosis was significantly higher. The proportion of portal triads containing an interlobular bile duct was 3%, 4%, 6%, and 10% compared with 45% (median; range 8.3--100%) for controls (p<0.001). Three patients received a liver transplant 6--7 years after the first manifestation of PBC because of progressive cholestasis, refractory pruritus, and weight loss, while the fourth patient is considering this option. In one case cirrhosis had developed at the time of transplantation while the others still had non-cirrhotic disease. These cases suggest that cholestatic jaundice in non-cirrhotic PBC may be secondary to extensive "premature" or accelerated intrahepatic bile duct loss. Although the extent of fibrosis may be limited initially, progression to cirrhosis appears to be inevitable in the long run. Despite intact protein synthesis and absence of cirrhotic complications, liver transplantation in the pre-cirrhotic stage for preventing malnutrition and to improve quality of life should be considered for these patients.
A Two-Parameter Model for Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization with Harmonic Imaging (2017)

Over the past few decades, researchers have developed several approaches such as the Reference Phantom Method (RPM) to estimate ultrasound attenuation coefficient (AC) and backscatter coefficient (BSC). AC and BSC can help to discriminate pathology from normal tissue during in-vivo imaging. In this paper, we propose a new RPM model to simultaneously compute AC and BSC for harmonic imaging and a normalized score that combines the two parameters as a measure of disease progression. The model utilizes the spectral difference between two regions of interest, the first, a proximal, close to the probe and second, a distal, away from the probe. We have implemented an algorithm based on the model and shown that it provides accurate and stable estimates to within 5% of AC and BSC for simulated received echo from post-focal depths of a homogeneous liver-like medium. For practical applications with time gain and time frequency compensated in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data from ultrasound scanner, the method has been approximated and generalized to estimate AC and BSC for tissue layer underlying a more attenuative subcutaneous layer. The angular spectrum approach for ultrasound propagation in biological tissue is employed as a virtual Reference Phantom (VRP). The VRP is calibrated with a fixed probe and scanning protocol for application to liver tissue. In a feasibility study with 16 subjects, the method is able to separate 9/11 cases of progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from 5 normal. In particular, it is able to separate 4/5 cases of non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis and early fibrosis (F<=2) from normal tissue. More extensive clinical studies are needed to assess the full capability of this model for screening and monitoring disease progression in liver and other tissues.
Iris Image Quality Assessment for Biometric Application (2012)

Abstract — Image quality assessment plays an important role in the performance of biometric system involving iris images. Data quality assessment is a key issue in order to broaden the applicability of iris biometrics to unconstrained imaging conditions. In this paper, we have proposed the quality factors of individual iris images by assessing their prominent factors by their scores. The work has been carried out for the following databases: CASIA, UBIRIS, UPOL, MMU and our own created COEP Database using HIS 5000 HUVITZ Iris Camera. The comparison is also done with existing databases which in turn will act as a benchmark in increasing the efficiency of further processing.
Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients who had Failed with or were Unsuited for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (2004)

3DCRT induced a substantial tumor response rate of 61.4% with survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years of 60.5%, 40.3% and 32.0%, respectively, and a median survival time of 15.2 months in patients with unresectable HCC who had either failed with or were unsuited for TACE. The complications are acceptable and can be managed with conservative treatment. Although we do not know whether there is a survival benefit through the use of this treatment, 3DCRT seems to be a practical method of salvage for this subset of patients. Further study is warranted to evaluate the survival of such patients with and without this treatment.
Conceptual Design of Compact Neutron Camera with Directional Neutron Detector for Nuclear Fusion Experiment (2001)

A new concept of compart neutron camera with directional neutron detector arrays is proposed for nuclear fusion experiment. The basic performance of the directional neutron detector is made clear through experiment for a prototype detector with 14MeV neutrons and design consideration of the detector specification to optimize its directionality. The results show that the angle resolution defined as a full width of neutron incident angles at a half maximum of detector counts would reach up to around 4 degrees at minimum around 45 degrees neutron incidence to the detector axis. The concept for a compact neutron camera is also given by making good use of an array of the optimized directional neutron detectors.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Conformationally Constrained <i>cis</i>-Amide Hsp90 Inhibitors (2009)

Conformationally constrained cis-amide chimeric inhibitors of Hsp90 have been synthesized and evaluated for their Hsp90 inhibitory activity. These new compounds exhibited Hsp90 ATPase inhibition and induced Hsp90-dependent client protein degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Biological data reported herein suggests that amide bond isomerization of geldanamycin derivatives plays an important role in affinity for the heteroprotein complex present in cancer cells.
Nasal Drug Delivery (2003)

The Nasal Drug Delivery Conference was held at the Institute of Directors in London, England. The meeting was organised by the Management Forum Ltd and chaired by P Seeney (PA Consulting, UK) and Professor F Merkus (Leiden University, The Netherlands; Innoscience Technology, Belgium). The conference covered a wide range of topics including aspects of nasal physiology, formulation, new nasal products, nasal vaccines, nose to brain transport and pain management via nasal sprays.
Retrospective analysis of model-based predictivity of human pharmacokinetics for anti-IL-36R monoclonal antibody MAB92 using a rat anti-mouse IL-36R monoclonal antibody and RNA expression data (FANTOM5) (2019)

Accurate prediction of the human pharmacokinetics (PK) of a candidate monoclonal antibody from nonclinical data is critical to maximize the success of clinical trials. However, for monoclonal antibodies exhibiting nonlinear clearance due to target-mediated drug disposition, PK predictions are particularly challenging. That challenge is further compounded for molecules lacking cross-reactivity in a nonhuman primate, in which case a surrogate antibody selective for the target in rodent may be required. For these cases, prediction of human PK must account for any interspecies differences in binding kinetics, target expression, target turnover, and potentially epitope. We present here a model-based method for predicting the human PK of MAB92 (also known as BI 655130), a humanized IgG1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi></mml:math> monoclonal antibody directed against human IL-36R. Preclinical PK was generated in the mouse with a chimeric rat anti-mouse IgG2a surrogate antibody cross-reactive against mouse IL-36R. Target-specific parameters such as antibody binding affinity (K<sub>D</sub>), internalization rate of the drug target complex (k<sub>int</sub>), target degradation rate (k<sub>deg</sub>), and target abundance (R<sub>0</sub>) were integrated into the model. Two different methods of assigning human R<sub>0</sub> were evaluated: the first assumed comparable expression between human and mouse and the second used high-resolution mRNA transcriptome data (FANTOM5) as a surrogate for expression. Utilizing the mouse R<sub>0</sub> to predict human PK, AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> was substantially underpredicted for nonsaturating doses; however, after correcting for differences in RNA transcriptome between species, AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> was predicted largely within 1.5-fold of observations in first-in-human studies, demonstrating the validity of the modeling approach. Our results suggest that semi-mechanistic models incorporating RNA transcriptome data and target-specific parameters may improve the predictivity of first-in-human PK.
Distillation of Reactive Methyl Glyoxylate-Methyl Glycolate Mixtures (1990)

Abstract A process for refining methyl glyoxylate produced via air-oxidation of methyl glycolate is described. This is a unique separation as methyl glyoxylate reacts reversibly with several impurities in the reaction effluent (i.e., water, methanol and methyl glycolate). Separating water and methanol is accomplished using differences in volatilities and reaction equilibria. Azeotropic distillation is of particular importance in reducing water to specification levels. Separating methyl glycolate utilizes the effect of system pressure on volatility and reaction equilibrium. Recovery of methyl glycolate for recycle to oxidation is accomplished by passage through low-retention time stills.
An Instrument for Measuring Electrical Field Strength in Strong High Frequency Fields (1942)

An instrument is described which measures the intensity of the high frequency electric field, point by point, by means of the electrodeless discharge and a photoelectric device. The instrument is applicable to dosimetry and for local measurements in short wave therapy, but can also find application for investigation on insulators and other parts exposed to high voltage. The operation of the instrument and some examples of results obtained with the instrument are stated.
Continuous HCl in air indicator (1976)

Steady stream of air is drawn into system and passes between light source and photocell. Incoming gases are sprayed with ammonia forming white cloud of NH4Cl if any HCl is present.
High-speed wavelength-division multiplexing and demultiplexing using monolithic quasi-planar VCSEL and resonant photodetector arrays with strained InGaAs quantum wells (2000)

We demonstrate the high-speed (gigabit-per-second) operation of a wavelength-division-multiplexed optical interconnect, which is implemented by multiplexing the optical data from a multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array into a single optical fiber, and demultiplexing the composite data stream using an array of resonance-enhanced photodetectors (REPDs) with matching resonance wavelengths. By using VCSELs and REPDs with a new quasi-planar oxide-confinement design for improved high-speed performance, and using strained InGaAs-GaAs quantum wells to achieve a better tradeoff between optical responsivity and wavelength selectivity, wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) operation has been demonstrated under 1-Gb/s data modulation, with an optical crosstalk rejection ratio of better than -10 dB for wavelength channels that are spaced 4 nm apart.
Tunable CMOS Delay Gate With Improved Matching Properties (2014)

This paper presents the analysis and design of a tunable CMOS delay gate with improved matching properties as compared with the commonly used “current starved inverter” (CSI). The main difference between these structures lies in the location of the current limiting transistor on the inverter's output rather than on the side of the power rail. This improves the dynamic performance of the proposed “output split inverter” (OSI) circuit reducing the influence of the MOS transistor mismatch on the generated delay time variability. A test chip including two arrays consisting of 512 16-stage delay lines employing the CSI and OSI gates has been designed and fabricated in a standard 90 nm CMOS technology. The experimental results show that the proposed OSI circuit is about 10-50% more accurate than the conventional current starved inverter with no penalty in terms of the increased area, power consumption or complexity. Applications of the proposed circuit are in the design of time-to-digital converters (TDCs), delay locked loops, readout circuits for particle detection and time-based asynchronous computation systems.
A Method of Generating Measurable Panoramic Image for Indoor Mobile Measurement System (2020)

This paper designs a technique route to generate high-quality panoramic image with depth information, which involves two critical research hotspots: fusion of LiDAR and image data and image stitching. For the fusion of 3D points and image data, since a sparse depth map can be firstly generated by projecting LiDAR point onto the RGB image plane based on our reliable calibrated and synchronized sensors, we adopt a parameter self-adaptive framework to produce 2D dense depth map. For image stitching, optimal seamline for the overlapping area is searched using a graph-cuts-based method to alleviate the geometric influence and image blending based on the pyramid multi-band is utilized to eliminate the photometric effects near the stitching line. Since each pixel is associated with a depth value, we design this depth value as a radius in the spherical projection which can further project the panoramic image to the world coordinate and consequently produces a high-quality measurable panoramic image. The purposed method is tested on the data from our data collection platform and presents a satisfactory application prospects.
Blending multiple polygonal shapes (2004)

This paper presents a new method for smoothly blending among multiple polygonal shapes. The blended shape is computed as a weighted average of the input shapes. The weight of each input shape is allowed to vary across the shape. This feature increases the flexibility for controlling the local appearance of the blended shapes. Our method computes the blended shape hierarchically, starting from the coarse version of the shape and adding the details gradually. Several examples are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Summary of Dissimilar Metal Joining Trials Conducted by Edison Welding Institute (2005)

Under the direction of the NASA-Glenn Research Center, the Edison Welding Institute (EWI) in Columbus, OH performed a series of non-fusion joining experiments to determine the feasibility of joining refractory metals or refractory metal alloys to Ni-based superalloys. Results, as reported by EWI, can be found in the project report for EWI Project 48819GTH (Attachment A, at the end of this document), dated October 10, 2005. The three joining methods used in this investigation were inertia welding, magnetic pulse welding, and electro-spark deposition joining. Five materials were used in these experiments: Mo-47Re, T-111, Hastelloy X, Mar M-247 (coarse-grained, 0.5 mm to several millimeter average grain size), and Mar M-247 (fine-grained, approximately 50 {micro}m average grain size). Several iterative trials of each material combination with each joining method were performed to determine the best practice joining method. Mo-47Re was found to be joined easily to Hastelloy X via inertia welding, but inertia welding of the Mo-alloy to both Mar M-247 alloys resulted in inconsistent joint strength and large reaction layers between the two metals. T-111 was found to join well to Hastelloy X and coarse-grained Mar M-247 via inertia welding, but joining to fine-grained Mar M-247 resulted in low joint strength. Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) was only successful in joining T-111 tubing to Hastelloy X bar stock. The joint integrity and reaction layer between the metals were found to be acceptable. This single joining trial, however, caused damage to the electromagnetic concentrators used in this process. Subsequent design efforts to eliminate the problem resulted in a loss of power imparted to the accelerating work piece, and results could not be reproduced. Welding trials of Mar M-247 to T-111 resulted in catastrophic failure of the bar stock, even at lower power. Electro-spark deposition joining of Mo-47Re, in which the deposited material was Hastelloy X, did not have a noticeable reaction layer. T-111 was found to have a small reaction layer at the interface with deposited Hastelloy X. Mar M-247 had a reaction layer larger than T-111. Hastelloy X joined well with a substrate of the same alloy, and throughout the experiments was found to have a density of {approx}99%, based on metallographic observations of porosity in the deposit. Of the three joining methods tested, inertial welding of bar stock appears to be the most mature at this time. MPW may be an attractive alternative due to the potential for high bond integrity, similar to that seen in explosion bonding. However, all three joining methods used in this work will require adaptation in order to join piping and tubing. Further investigations into the change in mechanical properties of these joints with time, temperature, irradiation, and the use of interlayers between the two materials must also be performed.
Bevel Mesa Combined with Implanted Junction Termination Structure for 10 kV SiC PiN Diodes (2008)

A 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode with an improved junction termination structure has been fabricated. An improved bevel mesa structure, nearly vertical side-wall at the edge of pn junction and rounded corner at mesa bottom, has been formed by reactive ion etching (RIE). The junction termination extension (JTE) region has been optimized by device simulation, and simulated breakdown voltage has been compared with experimental results. The locations of electric field crowding and diode breakdown have been discussed.
Analysis of integrated ground squirrel hepatitis virus and flanking host DNA in two hepatocellular carcinomas (1994)

We cloned the integrated ground squirrel hepatitis B virus (GSHV) sequences from two hepatomas showing a single viral insertion. The GSHV inserts shared structural features with integrated DNAs of other hepadnaviruses. Insertional activation of a cellular gene appears unlikely: the integrated GSHV sequences lacked the known viral enhancers and were not expressed in the tumors, and we found no evidence for the presence of a gene at the integration site. Our results, together with those earlier studies, suggest that GSHV does not behave as an extensive insertional mutagen, in sharp contrast with the closely related woodchuck hepatitis virus. GSHV may thus cause carcinogenesis by more indirect mechanisms, as does the human hepatitis B virus.
Scanning 2D micromirror with enhanced flatness at high frequency (2006)

Paper 61140L
Active Site-Directed Thrombin Inhibitors: α-Hydroxyacyl-Prolyl-Arginals, New Orally Active Stable Analogues of D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H (1996)

D-alpha-Hydroxyacyl-prolyl-arginals, a new type of analogues of D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H (R1), have been prepared and evaluated. Unlike R1, whose terminal group is NH2, the new analogues with a terminal OH group are stable, as are the N-substituted derivatives of R1, that is, D-MePhe-Pro-Arg-H (R2), the highly potent and selective thrombin inhibitor, and Boc-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H (R3), the much less favorable analogue. The most notable of the new analogues corresponds to the general formula D-Xaa-Pro-Arg-H, wherein Xaa means the acyl residue of mandelic acid (Man, 1), diphenyllactic acid (Dpl, 2), hexahydrophenyllactic acid (Hpl, 3), or hexahydromandelic acid (Hma, 4). In plasma clotting assays, 1 to 4 appeared to inhibit thrombin as well as some other clotting enzymes involved in thrombin generation, whereas R1 and R2 seemed to produce anticoagulation through inhibition of thrombin only. In the fibrin plate assay, 1 to 4 possessed even more moderate antifibrinolytic activities than R2. In in vivo evaluation in rats and rabbits, 2 to 4 proved to be potent anticoagulants/antithrombotics even on oral administration in a dose of 5 mg/kg. In view of these findings with the alpha-hydroxyacyl-prolyl-arginals, it is very likely that the less favorable biologic properties of Boc-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H are due to the hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the terminal Boc-NH rather than its neutrality.
Localization of an immune functional site on staphylococcal enterotoxin A using the synthetic peptide approach. (1989)

Using the synthetic peptide approach, we have identified a part of the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) molecule that is responsible for stimulation of T cell proliferation and induction of the lymphokine IFN-gamma. Peptides were synthesized corresponding to amino acids 1 to 27, SEA(1-27), and 28 to 45, SEA(28-45). Both peptides were tested for direct competition with SEA for blockage of SEA induced proliferation and production of IFN-gamma by T cells. Further, antibodies were produced to the peptides and tested for their ability to bind to SEA and block SEA function. SEA (1-27), but not SEA (28-45), blocked proliferation of human peripheral T cells and induction of IFN-gamma by the T cell line, L12-R4. The inhibitory effects were specific, because SEA (1-27) did not inhibit the induction of T cell proliferation by the mitogen PHA. Consistent with the direct inhibition of function, antibodies to SEA (1-27), but not SEA (28-45), neutralized the mitogenic activity of SEA on human PBL. The data suggest that a functional site on SEA that is responsible for its modulation of T cell function involves the N-terminal 27 amino acids. Residues 1 to 27 of SEA could potentially interact at either the level of the TCR or may block the proposed binding of SEA to class II MHC Ag, based on recent data showing that these molecules are involved in SEA-induced proliferation.
On the gate-stack origin threshold voltage variability in scaled FinFETs and multi-FinFETs (2010)

The V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variability in scaled FinFETs with gate length (L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ) down to 25 nm was systematically investigated, for the first time. By investigating the gate oxide thickness (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ox</inf> ) dependence of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variation (VTV), the gate-stack origin, i.e., work-function variation (WFV) and gate oxide charge (Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ox</inf> ) variation (OCV) origin VTV were successfully separated. It was found that the atomically flat Si-fin sidewall channels fabricated by using the orientation dependent wet etching contribute to, not only the reduction of fin thickness (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</inf> ) fluctuations, but also the reduction of gate-stack origin VTV. Moreover, it was experimentally found that the V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> of multi-FinFETs with the same gate area reduces with increasing the number of fins.