gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalent deficiency in tumor cells of cycloheximide-induced cycle arrest. (1980)

Mammalian cell growth is regulated by a process that is completed at a restriction point in the late G1 part of the cycle. This process is highly sensitive to serum concentration and to moderate inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHM) or other agents. We have proposed that a cell must accumulate a labile protein in a critical amount before events related to its DNA synthesis can start. The accumulation of this protein requires conditions suitable for growth, including sufficient amounts of serum-derived factors. An important criterion for attributing a major role to such a regulatory mechanism is that cells whose growth control is modified--e.g., by mutation--should be defective in this process. Cells of this kind are produced by tumorigenic transformation. We show here that mouse 3T3 cells, human fibroblasts, and Chinese hamster CHEF/18 cells have stringent G1 growth control by CHM. In contrast, tumorigenic lines obtained from these cells by transformation with varius agents (DNA tumor virus, RNA tumor virus, chemical carcinogens) or spontaneously all showed relaxed growth control under the influence of CHM. In these lines, growth control was relaxed to different degrees; some lines were held in G1 by a combination of low serum concentration and CHM, but others were not. Serum concentration showed a synergistic effect with CHM. Low serum concentrations did not limit growth only by affecting the rate of protein synthesis. The labile-protein mechanism is likely to be basic to growth control by serum factors. Transformed tumorigenic cells in general may have relaxed this mechanism.
Seismic Damage of and Seismic Rehabilitation Techniques for Railway Reinforced Concrete Structures (2009)

The Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake in 1978 was the first earthquake to cause serious damage to railway concrete structures in Japan. This was followed by the South Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake in 1995, which caused shear failure of columns of RC viaducts carrying the Shinkansen (Bullet Train) and old railroad lines predating the 1983 seismic design standard. As the result of various concrete structures sustaining extensive damage never experienced before, the seismic design standard was greatly revised, and the seismic rehabilitation of existing structures was started on a full scale. Basic concept of seismic rehabilitation is to prevent shear failure of columns that led to the collapse of RC viaducts and bridges catastrophically occurred in whole structural frame during the past large earthquakes. To enhance the seismic capacity of the whole structural frame, increase in ductility of each column through seismic rehabilitation capable of absorbing seismic energy is needed. As the space under many railway viaducts is used by stations and shops, negotiations regarding the relocation of businesses, the removal of large obstacles such as heavy machinery, and the development of valid seismic rehabilitation methods to reinforce a large number of massive columns were called for. At present, we are trying to enhance seismic capacity as much as possible for new structures in order to prevent serious damage and enable early restoration.
Passive Closed-Form Transmission Line Macromodel Using Method of Characteristics (2008)

This paper presents an efficient passive time-domain macromodeling algorithm for distributed lossy transmission lines based on the generalized method of characteristics (MoC). A new theorem is described that specifies sufficient conditions to guarantee the passivity of the MoC by construction. A key feature of the proposed methodology is that the curve fitting to realize the MoC depends only on the per-unit-length (p.u.l.) parameters and not on the discretization of the macromodel. Thus, with the knowledge of the rational functions derived from the p.u.l. parameters, the MoC can be formulated in a closed-form manner for any line length while ensuring passivity.
Single chip radio IC including synchronous detector (1992)

A new single chip AM/FM radio IC for a short wave receiver has been developed. It includes a synchronous detector, a phase shift network (PSN), and a single sideband (SSB) detector. The new IC and its advantages are discussed. The circuitry and subsystems are described. The performance results are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Holographic Data Reduction (1968)

Very large bandwidths are required for the transmission of holographic data for systems such as TV. This paper presents a technique in which the large bandwidths normally required are traded off for either increased noise or decreased resolution in the image. The light radiated from the object is diffracted by an intermediate dispersion medium and collected at the hologram aperture. Correct illumination of this hologram provides an image beam that passes back through the intermediate medium and comes to focus in the space originally occupied by the object. By proper selection of the dispersion medium, the hologram aperture can be made extremely small, thus representing a large data reduction. The three dimensionality of the image and the original viewing angles are maintained. Included in the paper are experimental results that show reconstructed images after a data reduction of as much as 3600.
Panel-size component integration (PCI) with molded liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrates (2003)

Future product development in microelectronics requires low-cost, high-speed, high-reliability, good manufacturability, and environmental compatibility. Recently developed DCA techniques, such as flip-chip and CSP on high-density microvia substrates, are believed to be able to satisfy such needs. Further integration of passive devices has been realized recently in the Single Level Integrated Module (SLIM). The integration of active devices into a planar substrate has been focused on planar substrates such Si-wafers, or LTCC or low-temperature smart-card substrate applications. More recently, a novel technology to integrate both active and passive components directly into a low-cost, multi-layer organic substrate has been based on a fully additive process utilizing photoimageable polymers and electroless copper processing on multi-layer polymer substrates, and very thin chips with shallow Cu bumps (a few microns) of very small pitch (100 /spl mu/m or less). The objective of the present program is to research and develop a technology using LCP substrates for manufacturing and integration of both passives and actives in a package, to exploit the potential CTE match to silicon. The emphasis is focused on studying the polymer/metal interfaces established between the dissimilar materials used in multi-layer modules. Meanwhile, the research work is also aimed to understand the fundamental thermal, electrical, mechanical and interactions between the different materials. The paper reports on work to date.
On resolving ambiguities in microbial community analysis of partial nitritation anammox reactors (2019)

PCR-based methods have caused a surge for integration of eco-physiological approaches into research on partial nitritation anammox (PNA). However, a lack of rigorous standards for molecular analyses resulted in widespread data misinterpretation and consequently lack of consensus. Data consistency and accuracy strongly depend on the primer selection and data interpretation. An in-silico evaluation of 16S rRNA gene eubacterial primers used in PNA studies from the last ten years unraveled the difficulty of comparing ecological data from different studies due to a variation in the coverage of these primers. Our 16S amplicon sequencing approach, which includes parallel sequencing of six 16S rRNA hypervariable regions, showed that there is no perfect hypervariable region for PNA microbial communities. Using qPCR analysis, we emphasize the significance of primer choice for quantification and caution with data interpretation. We also provide a framework for PCR based analyses that will improve and assist to objectively interpret and compare such results.
Nanoparticle Shape Conservation in the Conversion of MnO Nanocrosses into Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2007)

The conversion of hexagonal-, square-, and cross-shaped MnO nanoparticles into mixed MnO−Mn3O4 nanoparticles occurs with retention of the nanoparticle shape. Upon aging, extra diffraction spots appear in the TEM analyses of both hexagonal- and cross-shaped nanoparticles (NPs). These extra diffraction spots can be assigned to the spinel form of Mn3O4 (s-Mn3O4) and exhibit moiré interference patterns arising from the presence of two closely aligned, crystallographically similar phases. Examination of a variety of reaction conditions showed that the transformation of MnO into MnO/Mn3O4 occurred while the particles are suspended in hexane at ambient temperature, by refluxing in hexadecane for 36 h, by heating to 200 °C in air, and by irradiating the NPs with a Raman laser beam. The crystal phase development and shape retention can be observed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Single-crystal and polycrystalline selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and dark-field TEM images confirm the coexistence of both MnO and s-Mn3O4 phases. Evaluation of the polycrystalline SAED patterns after irradiation in the Raman spectrometer indicated the presence of rings assignable to the tetragonal phase of Mn3O4 (t-Mn3O4) as well as MnO and s-Mn3O4. The growth of the tetragonal phase by laser heating in the Raman experiment was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction.
Clinical trial of a new slow-release theophylline preparation (‘Nadm’ SR) (1979)

SummaryThe absorption of theophylline from a new sustained-release formulation (‘Nuelin’ SR) relative to drug absorption from a conventional formulation was assessed at steady state in a multiple-dose study. Ten healthy adult subjects were studied using a two 5-day period, double-blind, crossover design. Mean trough plasma concentrations of theophylline in the morning (08.00 hours) for each formulation were nearly equivalent from Days 2 to 5 of the study, indicating steady-state plasma levels attained by Day 4 with both formulations. The concentrations, however, were significantly higher after the slow-release formulation. Overall, the plasma level data from this study indicate that the sustained-release tablet has acceptable sustained-release characteristics and should provide both reliable and complete drug absorption, giving it considerable advantage over conventional formulations during chronic therapy of patients with reversible obstructive lung disease.Key Words:: Theophyllinesustained-release preparationsbiological availability
Groupwise Geometric and Photometric Direct Image Registration (2008)

Image registration consists in estimating geometric and photometric transformations that align two images as best as possible. The direct approach consists in minimizing the discrepancy in the intensity or color of the pixels. The inverse compositional algorithm has been recently proposed by Baker et al. for the direct estimation of groupwise geometric transformations. It is efficient in that it performs several computationally expensive calculations at a pre-computation phase. Photometric transformations act on the value of the pixels. They account for effects such as lighting change. Jointly estimating geometric and photometric transformations is thus important for many tasks such as image mosaicing. We propose an algorithm to jointly estimate groupwise geometric and photometric transformations while preserving the efficient pre-computation based design of the original inverse compositional algorithm. It is called the dual inverse compositional algorithm. It uses different approximations than the simultaneous inverse compositional algorithm and handles groupwise geometric and global photometric transformations. Its name stems from the fact that it uses an inverse compositional update rule for both the geometric and the photometric transformations. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm and compare it to previous ones on simulated and real data. This shows clear improvements in computational efficiency and in terms of convergence.
Isolation of<i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>in Soil Associated with a Large Outbreak of Blastomycosis in Wisconsin (1986)

In investigating six cases of blastomycosis in two school groups that had separately visited an environmental camp in northern Wisconsin in June 1984, we identified a large outbreak of the disease and isolated Blastomyces dermatitidis from soil at a beaver pond near the camp. Of 89 elementary-school children and 10 adults from the two groups, 48 (51 percent) of the 95 evaluated in September had blastomycosis. Of the cases, 26 (54 percent) were symptomatic (the median incubation period was 45 days; range, 21 to 106 days). No cases were identified in 10 groups that visited the camp two weeks before or after these two groups. A review of camp itineraries, a questionnaire survey, and environmental investigation showed that blastomycosis occurred in two of four groups that visited a beaver pond and in none of eight groups that did not. Walking on the beaver lodge (P = 0.008) and picking up items from its soil (P = 0.05) were associated with illness. Cultures of soil from the beaver lodge and decomposed wood near the beaver dam yielded B. dermatitidis. We conclude that B. dermatitidis in the soil can be a reservoir for human infection.
Security vulnerabilities and solutions for packet sampling (2007)

Packet sampling supports a range of Internet measurement applications including characterizing the spatial flow of traffic through a network for traffic engineering purposes, identifying the flows utilizing a link for billing purposes or for intrusion detection, and monitoring end-to-end data-path quality. However, packet-sampling mechanisms must be robust to adversarial hosts that craft packet streams that are disproportionately selected by a packet sampler. For example, a botnet flooding a network with packets in a denial-of-service attack, or a greedy customer trying to avoid being billed for network utilization, each have a strong incentive to craft packet streams that evade selection by the packet sampler. In this paper, we focus on securing the passive packet sampling mechanisms recommended by PSAMP (the IETF Packet Sampling working group [1]) against adversarial hosts. We show that (1) some of the packet sampling techniques suggested in current drafts of the PSAMP charter have security vulnerabilities, (2) secure uncoordinated sampling can be achieved using random sampling with a cryptographic random number generator, and (3) secure coordinated sampling requires a cryptographic pseudorandom function, keyed with a secret key that should be changed each time the sampler leaks information to the hosts.
Reconfigurable Photonic Metamaterials (2011)

We introduce mechanically reconfigurable photonic metamaterials (RPMs) as a flexible platform for realizing metamaterial devices with reversible and large-range tunable characteristics in the optical part of the spectrum. Here we illustrate this concept for a temperature-driven RPM exhibiting reversible relative transmission changes of up to 50%.
528 Reduction of Electro-Magnetic Vibration of Turbine Generator Using Dynamic Damper (2010)

In this study we investigate a dynamic damper to reduce electro-magnetic vibration of electric rotating machinery as turbine generator. In a turbine generator, the rotating electro-magnetic pull force of rotor induced by the rotor causes the stator core vibration consists of the oval deformation rotating synchronously with the rotor. Two oval natural modes of the stator core are conjugate, so the magnitude of vibration on the surface around the stator core is identical. Using a mass damper to the stator core, one of the responses of the oval natural modes can be reduced, and we get the stationary deformation shape on the stator core for the electro-magnetic force. We can efficiently reduce the transmission of the electro-magnetic vibration to the base of the generator from the stator core by supporting the stator core at the node points of the stationary oval deformation mode.
Virtual Power Plant for Grid Services Using IEC 61850 (2015)

This paper assesses the communication, information, and functional requirements of virtual power plants (VPPs). A conceptual formulation of the interoperability requirements, as well as a comparative study of their fulfillment by state-of-the-art communication techniques, is presented. VPP requirements are then mapped against services and information models of IEC 61850 and common information model (CIM) power utility automation standards. Proposals are given for extensions of the IEC 61850 standard to enhance the interaction between the VPP controller and the distributed energy resources. Finally, the methodology and concepts are applied to a specific VPP consisting of hydro and wind plants, solar photovoltaic (PV) power, and storage facilities. Several applications to provide grid services from the proposed VPP in an existing 50-kV grid are covered. The implementation of the VPP communication and control architecture in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) of demonstration plant is also presented.
Citizen Participation and the Rise of Digital Media Platforms in Smart Governance and Smart Cities (2018)

Many governments and firms do believe that technology can supplant governance and human responsibility. This belief poses the question of who will really benefit from smart cities. This article explores this fundamental question through the study of digital media platforms. The ultimate goal is to understand the link between e-governance and smart city initiatives in our cases of study by testing whether these projects are explicitly for citizens. This article shows how e-platforms represent the use of information and communication technologies with the aim of encouraging citizen participation in decision-making processes, improving information and service delivery, reinforcing transparency, accountability, as well as credibility. Thirteen digital media platforms are surveyed, mostly in cities across countries. These e-platforms raise implementation challenges for both firms and policy makers, and new research opportunities for scientist to build up new research and to experiment with the aim to make the benefits for citizens wider and the participatory dimension stronger.
Monoion oscillator as potential ultimate laser frequency standard (1982)

An individual atomic ion localized in the center of a small Paul RF quadrupole trap has potential as an ultimate laser frequency standard because the ion may be brought to `a state of complete rest in free space' by sideband cooling. As a consequence, all Doppler shifts vanish, `Free Space' is approximated in so far as the electric trapping field vanishes in the center of the trap and there is no Stark effect. Neither need there be a Zeeman effect as magnetic fields may be controlled down to the microgauss range. There is also no transit time broadening. Minute laser powers provided by harmonic generators suffice for saturation of optical transitions as strongly focused beams may be used. A million-fold atomic amplification of the single-ion fluorescence from a metastable level may bring resolutions of 1 part in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> within reach.
Application and analysis of rt-level software-based self-testing for embedded processor cores (2004)

Embedded processor testing techniques based on the execution of self-test routines, have been recently proposed as an effective alternative to classical hardware Built-In Self Test. Software-based self-testing provides atspeed testing capability and does not add hardware or performance penalties. It efficiently partitions the testing task between external testers and internal processor resources. In this paper we analyze the application of a softwarebased self-testing methodology to different implementations of a complex embedded processor architecture. We demonstrate that such a methodology provides high test quality in different processor implementations with low test development and low test application costs.
Rehabilitation care in nursing homes (1961)

DEMONSTRATION of the value of reha.bilitation nursing of elderly patients in nursing homes was the object of a, 1-year project in in 1958-59. The project wa,s the outgrowth of an earlier and still continuing educational and surveillance program of the Health Department and of the interest of the Kienny Institute in wider use of its rehabilitation nursing techniques. For several years, the He,alt,h Department has been conducting a vigorous surveillance and educational program in the city's nursing homes, under deputized authority from the Minnesota Department of Health. Minneapolis, a city of approximately 527,000 people, has 65 licensed nurs,ing homes with a total of 2,632 beds. Eleiven of these homes, with a total of approximately 870 beds, are for elderly well people.. Forty homes are under the guidance of nurses-in-charge who are regist,ered nurses; the remainder are supervised by licensed pra,c-tical nurses. All nursing homes in are visited on an average of nine times a year, and, at each visit., the emphasis is on helping the administrators and nurses. Various grading systems have been tried and revised. The most useful is that currently in use, the Minneapolis Scoring System (1). This system has ma,de it possible to measure progress and to pinpoint the areas where improvements are needed.
Effect of natural mutations of SARS-CoV-2 on spike structure, conformation, and antigenicity (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with multiple spike mutations enable increased transmission and antibody resistance. We combined cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), binding, and computational analyses to study variant spikes, including one that was involved in transmission between minks and humans, and others that originated and spread in human populations. All variants showed increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding and increased propensity for receptor binding domain (RBD)-up states. While adaptation to mink resulted in spike destabilization, the B.1.1.7 (UK) spike balanced stabilizing and destabilizing mutations. A local destabilizing effect of the RBD E484K mutation was implicated in resistance of the B.1.1.28/P.1 (Brazil) and B.1.351 (South Africa) variants to neutralizing antibodies. Our studies revealed allosteric effects of mutations and mechanistic differences that drive either interspecies transmission or escape from antibody neutralization.
Manifold learning based ECG‐free free‐breathing cardiac CINE MRI (2014)

Accurate respiratory and cardiac navigator signals can be estimated using the proposed framework from the acquired data itself, resulting in retrospective self-gated CINE reconstruction with high spatial and temporal quality.
Quantitative imaging and microanalysis with a scanning soft X-ray microscope (1987)

A scanning soft x-ray microscope has been developed that uses synchrotron radiation focused by a Fresnel zone plate to form a submicron beamspot on the specimen. Transmitted x-rays are detected and used to form a quantitative map of specimen absorptivity. Applications of the instrument to the imaging of whole wet cells and to the mapping of calcium in sections of bone are presented, with a resolution of 300 nm and an elemental sensitivity of 2 micrograms cm-2.