gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
North Carolina Macular Dystrophy and Central Areolar Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy (1992)

The autosomal-dominant macular dystrophies known as North Carolina macular dystrophy and central areolar pigment epithelial dystrophy were originally described as distinct disease entities in three separate families. However, these disorders have several phenotypic features in common. The single large family with North Carolina macular dystrophy, which descended from three Irish brothers in 1790, has undergone extensive genealogic studies expanding the kindred to more than 2000 family members. As a result, two previously described families with central areolar pigment epithelial dystrophy have been found to descend from these same three Irish brothers with North Carolina macular dystrophy and, therefore, also have North Carolina macular dystrophy. This helps simplify the nosology of the disease and expands the phenotype of North Carolina macular dystrophy to include choroidal neovascular membranes.
Relationship Between Dynamic Deformities and Joint Moments in Children with Cerebral Palsy (1988)

A relationship between dynamic flexion-extension motion ranges during walking and the magnitude of flexion and extension moments was analyzed for 38 ambulatory children with spastic cerebral palsy. Moments tending to flex the hip and the knee were more than a factor of two times greater than those occurring during normal gait. At the knee, the magnitude of the moments was related to the amount of flexion deformity, whereas at the hip there was no correlation between moment magnitude and extension motion range. The maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ankle moments were of less than normal value in all deformity groupings. An understanding of the longterm influence of these abnormal moments on the terms of the progression or stabilization of the dynamic deformities during walking is an important step toward improving our understanding of and, potentially, our ability to treat patients with cerebral palsy.
TABLE OF PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE x2 DISTRIBUTION (1941)

TABLE OF PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE x2 DISTRIBUTION Get access CATHERINE M. THOMPSON CATHERINE M. THOMPSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 32, Issue 2, October 1941, Pages 187–191, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/32.2.187 Published: 01 October 1941
Dihydrotestosterone Administration Does Not Increase Intraprostatic Androgen Concentrations or Alter Prostate Androgen Action in Healthy Men: A Randomized-Controlled Trial (2010)

Robust supraphysiologic increases in serum DHT, associated with decreased serum T, do not significantly alter intraprostatic levels of DHT, testosterone, or prostate epithelial cell androgen-regulated gene expression in healthy men. Changes in circulating androgen concentrations are not necessarily mimicked within the prostate microenvironment, a finding with implications for understanding the impact of androgen therapies in men.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Processes Occurring Inside Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Templates:  A Waveguide Optical Study (2004)

We have applied nanoporous anodic alumina films as planar optical waveguides and studied changes in the effective dielectric constants of these thin films due to various processes occurring in the pores. We demonstrate the potential of the porous anodic alumina waveguide for high sensitivity (bio-) chemical sensing with bovine serum albumin adsorption and desorption at various pH values, with subangstrom sensitivity in the effective thickness of protein adsorbed. We also monitored pore widening (alumina dissolution) with subangstrom sensitivity, which is conceptually the reverse of detecting conformal film deposition on pore surfaces. Furthermore, we monitored the exchange of pore-filling media between phosphate buffer solution and ethanol, which produces qualitatively the same response as complete pore filling with other materials by various deposition techniques. Thus porous anodic alumina films may be employed simultaneously as deposition templates and as highly sensitive detectors of processes within the pores.
Power fundamental frequency detection based on orthometric average chirp-z transform (2012)

Chirp-z transform (CZT) is usually used to refine frequency spectrum to analyze special frequency. The spectral resolution by CZT can be small as one wants but sometimes is wrongly considered as the same as accuracy. This paper discussed some characters of CZT about accuracy for monotone frequency signals. The CZT error decreases when the sampling time increases, and fluctuates periodically and diminishingly until reaches the resolution. The error distribution is related to the initial phase of the sampled signal. The spectral results are approximately symmetrical for two orthometric signals. A new frequency analyzing method, orthometric average chirp-z transform (OACZT), is presented to analyze the power fundamental frequency more exactly. Simulation results show that the accuracy of OACZT is about 0.003Hz with sampling time of 0.2s, better than CZT with an accuracy of about 0.1Hz.
Mass spectrometry of permethylated folic acid analogs (1981)

Folic acid and several analogs have been characterized as their permethylated derivatives. These derivatives are readily evaporated from the solid probe and provide spectra with abundant molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions. This method has been used to confirm the identities of the two methotrexate metabolites, 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 4-amino-4-deoxy-N(10)-methylpteroic acid, which have been isolated from human urine. The permethylation products of the folate cofactors, dihydrofolic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid and leucovorin, are also characterized.
Image-to-Image Translation Using Identical-Pair Adversarial Networks (2019)

We propose Identical-pair Adversarial Networks (iPANs) to solve image-to-image translation problems, such as aerial-to-map, edge-to-photo, de-raining, and night-to-daytime. Our iPANs rely mainly on the effectiveness of adversarial loss function and its network architectures. Our iPANs consist of two main networks, an image transformation network T and a discriminative network D. We use U-NET for the transformation network T and a perceptual similarity network, which has two streams of VGG16 that share the same weights for network D. Our proposed adversarial losses play a minimax game against each other based on a real identical-pair and a fake identical-pair distinguished by the discriminative network D; e.g. a discriminative network D considers two inputs as a real pair only when they are identical, otherwise a fake pair. Meanwhile, the transformation network T tries to persuade the discriminator network D that the fake pair is a real pair. We experimented on several problems of image-to-image translation and achieved results that are comparable to those of some existing approaches, such as pix2pix, and PAN.
Platform Chemicals from an Oilseed Biorefinery (2006)

The US chemical industry is $460 billion in size where a $150 billion segment of which is non-oxygenated chemicals that is sourced today via petroleum but is addressable by a renewable feedstock if one considers a more chemically reduced feedstock such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oil, due to its chemical functionality, provides a largely untapped opportunity as a renewable chemical source to replace petroleum-derived chemicals and produce platform chemicals unavailable today. This project examined the fertile intersection between the rich building blocks provided by vegetable oils and the enhanced chemical modification capability provided by metathesis chemistry. The technology advanced in this study is the process of ethylene cross-metathesis (referred to as ethenolysis) with vegetable oil and vegetable oil derivatives to manufacture the platform-chemical 9-decenoic acid (or 9DA) and olefin co-products. The project team meet its goals of demonstrating improved catalyst efficiencies of several multiples, deepening the mechanistic understanding of metathesis, synthesis and screening of dozens of new catalysts, designing and modeling commercial processes, and estimating production costs. One demonstrable result of the study was a step change improvement in catalyst turnover number in the ethenolysis of methyl oleate as reported here. We met our key measurable of producing 100 lbs of 9DA at the pilot-scale, which demonstrated ability to scale-up ethenolysis. DOE Project funding had significant positive impact on development of metathetically modified vegetable oils more broadly as the Cargill/Materia partnership, that was able to initiate primarily due to DOE funding, has succeeded in commercializing products, validating metathesis as a platform technology, and expanding a diverse products portfolio in high value and in large volume markets. Opportunities have expanded and business development has gained considerable momentum and enabled further expansion of the Materia/Cargill relationship. This project exceeded expectations and is having immediate impact on DOE success by replacing petroleum products with renewables in a large volume application today.
Privacy-Conscious Location-Based Queries in Mobile Environments (2009)

In location-based services, users with location-aware mobile devices are able to make queries about their surroundings anywhere and at any time. While this ubiquitous computing paradigm brings great convenience for information access, it also raises concerns over potential intrusion into user location privacy. To protect location privacy, one typical approach is to cloak user locations into spatial regions based on user-specified privacy requirements, and to transform location-based queries into region-based queries. In this paper, we identify and address three new issues concerning this location cloaking approach. First, we study the representation of cloaking regions and show that a circular region generally leads to a small result size for region-based queries. Second, we develop a mobility-aware location cloaking technique to resist trace analysis attacks. Two cloaking algorithms, namely MaxAccu_Cloak and MinComm_Cloak, are designed based on different performance objectives. Finally, we develop an efficient polynomial algorithm for evaluating circular-region-based kNN queries. Two query processing modes, namely bulk and progressive, are presented to return query results either all at once or in an incremental manner. Experimental results show that our proposed mobility-aware cloaking algorithms significantly improve the quality of location cloaking in terms of an entropy measure without compromising much on query latency or communication cost. Moreover, the progressive query processing mode achieves a shorter response time than the bulk mode by parallelizing the query evaluation and result transmission.
ASL/LBD Phylogeny Suggests that Genetic Mechanisms of Root Initiation Downstream of Auxin Are Distinct in Lycophytes and Euphyllophytes (2012)

Paleobotanical studies suggest that roots evolved at least twice independently during land plant diversification, once in lycophytes and once in euphyllophytes. Auxin promotes postembryonic root initiation in both groups but from different cell types. In several euphyllophytes, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, AS2/LOB-domain (ASL/LBD) proteins act directly downstream of auxin and are conserved elements necessary for root initiation. It is currently unknown whether similar or different genetic mechanisms act downstream of auxin for root initiation in lycophytes and euphyllophytes. We searched for ASL/LBD proteins in genome sequences spanning the tree of life to retrace their evolutionary history. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of ASL/LBD proteins and mapped the functions of all characterized ASL/LBD onto the phylogenetic trees. We identified a clade specifically associated with root development, which includes no lycophyte sequence. This points toward the existence of distinct genetic mechanisms downstream of auxin for root initiation in lycophytes and euphyllophytes.
Declaring victory: Toward a new value proposition for business design (2004)

Evaluating the nexus between business and design, Carol Moore asserts that companies can establish and sustain a competitive advantage by investing in experience design, simultaneous design, and the design and delivery of urgently needed information. She identifies five promising business‐design “themes” and urges designers to work in collaborative teams and fully immerse themselves in the context of their endeavors .
Recombinant Interleukin-7 Induces Proliferation of Naive Macaque CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells In Vivo (2004)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) regulates T-cell homeostasis, and its availability is augmented in lymphopenic hosts. Naive CD8+ T cells transferred to lymphopenic mice acquire a memory-like phenotype, raising the possibility that IL-7 is the biological mediator of this effect. Here, we provide direct evidence that IL-7 induces the acquisition of memory-cell markers not only in CD8+ T cells but also in CD4+ T-cell subsets in immune-competent Indian rhesus macaques. The increase of these memory-like populations was dependent on the dose of the cytokine, and these cells were found in the blood as well as secondary lymphoid organs. Memory-like CD4+ and CD8+ T cells acquired the ability to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha and, to a lesser extent, gamma interferon following stimulation with a cognate antigen. The phenotypic change observed in naive T cells was promptly reversed after discontinuation of IL-7. Importantly, IL-7 induced cycling of both CD4+ and CD8+ central memory and effector memory T cells, demonstrating its contribution to the maintenance of the entire T-cell pool. Thus, IL-7 may be of benefit in the treatment of iatrogenic or virus-induced T-cell depletion.
Maximizing total job value on a single machine with job selection (2017)

This paper describes a single machine scheduling problem of maximizing total job value with a machine availability constraint. The value of each job decreases over time in a stepwise fashion. Several solution properties of the problem are developed. Based on the properties, a branch-and-bound algorithm and a heuristic algorithm are derived. These algorithms are evaluated in the computational study and the results show that the heuristic algorithm provides effective solutions within short computation times.
Ray Tracing Free-Form B-Spline Surfaces (1986)

We present a method for using ray tracing to render spline surfaces-one that is suitable for any object generated from control vertices via tensor-product B-splines. The method derives from kajiya's work on ray tracing procedurally defined surfaces1 and makes use of two preprocessing steps. One involves the controlvertex refinement recurrences due to Riesenfeld et. al.2, and the second generates a tree of nested bounding boxes. Intersection testing involves running Kajiya's algorithm on the tree, followed by two to three (on the average) iterations of Newton's method.
Obesity and symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee (2012)

Given the growing prevalence of obesity around the world and its association with osteoarthritis of the knee, orthopaedic surgeons need to be familiar with the management of the obese patient with degenerative knee pain. The precise mechanism by which obesity leads to osteoarthritis remains unknown, but is likely to be due to a combination of mechanical, humoral and genetic factors. Weight loss has clear medical benefits for the obese patient and seems to be a logical way of relieving joint pain associated with degenerative arthritis. There are a variety of ways in which this may be done including diet and exercise, and treatment with drugs and bariatric surgery. Whether substantial weight loss can delay or even reverse the symptoms associated with osteoarthritis remains to be seen. Surgery for osteoarthritis in the obese patient can be technically more challenging and carries a risk of additional complications. Substantial weight loss before undertaking total knee replacement is advisable. More prospective studies that evaluate the effect of significant weight loss on the evolution of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee are needed so that orthopaedic surgeons can treat this patient group appropriately.
Multivariable Analysis of the RelationshipBetween Pain Referral Patterns and the Sourceof Chronic Low Back Pain (2012)

The presence or absence of thigh pain possesses a significant correlation on the source of CLBP for varying ages, whereas the presence of hip/girdle pain or leg pain did not significantly discriminate among IDD, FJP, or SIJP as the etiology of CLBP. Younger age was predictive of IDD regardless of the presence or absence of thigh pain.
v국도 44호선 인제-양양간 수해복구공사 깎기 비탈면 설계 및 시공사례 (2010)

Numerous landslides had occurred in Kangwondo in July 2006 and several restoration works had been done. A-day-accumulative rainfalls from July 12 to July 13 and July 15 to July 16 were 176㎜ and 202㎜ respectively. Disaster sites at which slope failures were studied to main causes of slope failures by investigating characteristics of rainfall, geological formation, topography and ground surface exploration around the boundary of landslides. In this study, a series of slope restoration work process is presented for reference which about the landsliding area in Han-Gye-Ryeong to O-Saek in Kwangwon-do where one of the most severe damaged area in 2006. The slope restoration work process includes site investigation, analysis on affected factor, restoration or reinforcing method design, construction procedure and recent status of that area. Also several considering points are suggested while design and construction for the reference at the other restoration works.
Fiber Bragg gratings for pure dispersion-slope compensation (2003)

Single-fiber Bragg gratings designed to compensate for pure third-order dispersion are demonstrated. The devices are designed by use of a layer-peeling inverse-scattering technique and exhibit dispersion profiles across their reflection bandwidths of -20, +/- 40, and -225 ps/nm2 over bandwidths of 4.5, 6, and 3 nm, respectively. Furthermore, they have almost constant peak reflectivities of approximately 75% and are, respectively, only 8, 23, and 40 mm long.
Internet multimedia databases (1999)

The advent of the Internet has seen a rapid rise of information for remote access. A large proportion of the information is in the form of databases to coherently store information with certain characteristics. The Internet adds the dimension of distributed system architecture upon which Internet multimedia databases are built. It also exhibits a synergy with the potential to provide a range of applications and tools. The hypertext model is commonly used to express multimedia document structures due to its flexibility and extensibility. Standards are being developed for representing multimedia databases (MPEG-7) and integrating diverse applications within distributed heterogeneous environments (CORBA). This paper is a brief introduction to multimedia databases in the context of the World Wide Web and examines the effects of the Internet on multimedia databases-enriched databases, highlights some of the problems facing current databases, such as missing authoring features and browsing issue and the research currently undertaken to solve some of these problems such as content-based image retrieval in multimedia databases. (7 pages)
Recent results for plasma antennas (2008)

Plasma antennas are just as effective as metal antennas. They can transmit, receive, and reflect radio waves just as well as metal antennas. In addition, plasma generated noise does not appear to be a problem.
Three-Dimensional Single-Sided Marchenko Inverse Scattering, Data-Driven Focusing, Green’s Function Retrieval, and their Mutual Relations (2013)

The one-dimensional Marchenko equation forms the basis for inverse scattering problems in which the scattering object is accessible from one side only. Here we derive a three-dimensional (3D) Marchenko equation which relates the single-sided reflection response of a 3D inhomogeneous medium to a field inside the medium. We show that this equation is solved by a 3D iterative data-driven focusing method, which yields the 3D Green's function with its virtual source inside the medium. The 3D single-sided Marchenko equation and its iterative solution method form the basis for imaging of 3D strongly scattering inhomogeneous media that are accessible from one side only.
Oxidative Stress and Suicidal Erythrocyte Death (2013)

This will address the significance of eryptosis, further mechanisms underlying eryptosis, and additional pharmacological tools fostering or inhibiting eryptosis.
Relativistic and charge-displacement self-channeling of intense ultrashort laser pulses in plasmas (1992)

A simple derivation in the Coulomb gauge of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation describing propagation of powerful ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses in underdense cold inhomogeneous plasmas is presented. Numerical solutions are given for the two-dimensional axisymmetric case for both initially homogeneous plasmas and static preformed plasma columns. These solutions account for (i) diffraction, (ii) refraction arising from variations in the refractive index due to the spatial profile of the electron density distribution, (iii) the relativistic electronic mass shift, and (iv) the charge displacement resulting from the transverse ponderomotive force. The most important spatial modes of propagation corresponding to (1) purely relativistic focusing and (2) the combined action of both the relativistic and charge-displacement mechanisms are described. The latter leads to the formation of stable confined modes of propagation having paraxially localized regions of high intensity and corresponding paraxially situated cavitated channels in the electron density. It is further demonstrated that the dynamical solutions of the propagation tend asymptotically to the lowest eigenmodes of the governing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Finally, the calculations illustrate the dynamics of the propagation and show that the relativistic mechanism promotes the initial concentration of the radiative energy and that the subsequent charge displacement stabilizes this confinement and produces waveguidelike channels.
Immune checkpoints in aggressive breast cancer subtypes (2016)

Immune checkpoints are molecules referred to inhibitory pathways in the immune system that play a pivotal role in prevention of autoimmunity and oncogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate expression levels of selected immune checkpoints- PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) in breast cancer patients, suitable for breast conservation and sentinel node biopsy and determine their associations with clinicopathological factors.Expression of the genes coding for PD-1 and PD-L1 was analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens using real-time PCR. mRNA expression levels were determined using beta actin (ACTB) as an endogenous control. There was a trend towards significance between higher PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in triple negative breast cancers (p=0.1). Higher PD-L1 expression was also found in aggressive breast cancer subtypes e.g. triple negative and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) -positive as compared with subtypes with better prognosis such as luminal A and luminal BHER2-negative (p=0.05). There was a trend towards significance in higher PD-1 levels in triple negative and HER-2 positive breast cancers (p=0.1). A statistically significant difference was found between PD-L1 expression and tumor grade (p=0.01). Elevated PD-L1 levels were noted in G3 tumors. Immunogenicity appears to be gaining importance in triple negative and HER2-positive molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and the results in this study provide a basis for further investigation into the role of immune checkpoints in breast cancer.