gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Total Synthesis of Racemic Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes Curcuphenol and Xanthorrhizol Starting from Substituted Acetophenones (2010)

Abstract A total synthesis of natural bisabolane sesquiterpenes curcuphenol ( 1 ) and xanthorrhizol ( 2 ) was developed by using the substituted acetophenones 4 and 5 , respectively, as starting materials. The acetyl group of the latter was activated through ethoxycarbonylation to carry out the prenylation, which was performed successfully to give their respective precursors 11a and 11b , and 21 that were converted into the corresponding natural sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 , respectively, over four steps and in high overall yields.
Neural network approach to word category prediction for English texts (1990)

Word category prediction is used to implement an accurate word recognition system. Traditional statistical approaches require considerable training data to estimate the probabilities of word sequences, and many parameters to memorize probabilities. To solve this problem, NETgram, which is the neural network for word category prediction, is proposed. Training results show that the performance of the NETgram is comparable to that of the statistical model although the NETgram requires fewer parameters than the statistical model. Also the NETgram performs effectively for unknown data, i.e., the NETgram interpolates sparse training data. Results of analyzing the hidden layer show that the word categories are classified into linguistically significant groups. The results of applying the NETgram to HMM English word recognition show that the NETgram improves the word recognition rate from 81.0% to 86.9%
Preparation of a Multifunctional Terpolymer Inhibitor for CaCO3 and BaSO4 in Oil Fields (2016)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scales which are common but unwanted crystalline products in the production of oil from off-shore rigs. A multifunctional antiscalant APES/AA/AMPS was prepared by reaction of acrylic acid, ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulphate and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid with different molar ratios. The experimental results showed that the polymer has high performance towards scales, nearly 90 % for CaCO 3 and 87 % for BaSO 4 respectively by static scale inhibition tests. The crystals of scales were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. According to the changes of the crystal shape, size and morphology, the inhibition mechanisms of complexation and adsorption between the inhibitor and the crystal surface were proposed.
Up‐regulation of L1CAM is linked to loss of hormone receptors and E‐cadherin in aggressive subtypes of endometrial carcinomas (2009)

Endometrial carcinomas (ECs) are classified into type 1 (less aggressive) and type 2 (aggressive) tumours that differ in genetic alterations. So far, reliable immunohistochemical markers that can identify patients with high risk for recurrence are rare. We have defined the expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a biomarker previously identified for EC, and compared its expression to oestrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) and E-cadherin. We found that L1CAM was absent in normal endometrium and the vast majority of endometrioid ECs (type 1) but was strongly expressed in serous and clear-cell ECs, considered as type 2. 78/272 cases were identified as L1CAM-positive endometrioid ECs that were correlated with a poor prognosis. Strikingly, we observed an inverse relationship between L1CAM and ER/PR/E-cadherin expression in all ECs. In mixed ECs, composed of endometrioid (L1CAM(-) ER/PR(+) E-cadherin(+)) and clear-cell/serous (L1CAM(+) ER/PR(-) E-cadherin(-)), both phenotypes were co-expressed. In some of these cases L1CAM was up-regulated at the leading edge of the tumour, where ER/PR and E-cadherin expression were selectively lost. In EC cell lines treated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer TGFbeta1, L1CAM and vimentin were strongly up-regulated, while E-cadherin expression was reduced. The treatment also resulted in an increased expression of the EMT transcription factor Slug and an enhanced cell invasion. Depletion of Slug by siRNA knockdown prevented both L1CAM up-regulation and enhanced cell invasion. According to our analysis, we suggest that L1CAM is a novel marker for EMT in ECs and that L1CAM-typing could identify endometrioid ECs that have type 2-like features and are at high risk for recurrence.
Epitope mapping of the Mycobacterium bovis secretory protein MPB70 using overlapping peptide analysis (1990)

The gene encoding the major Mycobacterium bovis secreted protein MPB70 was cloned and isolated from a DNA library in lambda EMBL 3, and the restriction map of the area of chromosome containing the gene ascertained. After sub-cloning, the complete DNA sequence and predicted amino acid sequence were determined, and from this information a series of overlapping octapeptides encoding all possible linear epitopes of eight or less amino acids were synthesized. These peptides were probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for M. bovis and with sera from M. bovis-infected cattle. Epitopes defined by this technique were then examined using a substitution analysis that allowed the significance of each amino acid in the putative epitope to be quantified, and the exact specificity of the antibody response for the epitope determined.
Laser activated flow of phosphosilicate glass in integrated circuit devices (1982)

The use of a cw CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser to flow phosphosilicate glass for the planarization of p+/n diode arrays is demonstrated. A power density flow threshold of 110 kW cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> at a wavelength of 9.26 µm is estimated and found to be essentially invariant to the thickness of the glass (1.0 to 1.5 µm) and to the phosphorus concentration of the glass (3 to 9% wt). This laser activated process results in glass flow without impurity diffusion in the active device area and is therefore compatible with VLSI.
CHEMICAL DEMULSIFICATION OF MODEL WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS WITH LOW WATER CONTENT BY MEANS OF IONIC LIQUIDS (2017)

The demulsification of model water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions containing 1% wt. water by [Omim][PF6] and Aliquat® 336 ionic liquids (IL) as demulsifiers was investigated in batch mode at different temperatures (30, 45 and 60 °C) and demulsifier concentrations (2.5×10‒3, 1.2×10‒2 and 2.9×10‒2 mol L‒1). The model oil is a mixture n-heptane/toluene (70/30% wt.) with 1% wt. of Span® 83 as a surfactant. Experimental results showed that the main differences in demulsification dynamics between systems containing IL and blank (i.e., in the absence of demulsifier) are detected at 30 °C and for short demulsification times (t≤4 h). In particular, the demulsification efficiency is 8, 21 and 74% for the blank sample, [Omim][PF6] and Aliquat® 336 tested under the more concentrated IL condition, respectively. The superior demulsification performances of Aliquat® 336 with respect to [Omim][PF6] were related to the greater molecular weight and more hydrophobic character of its cation, likely able to induce a faster desorption of the surfactant at the w/o interface and consequently promoting water droplet coalescence. Moreover, the kinetic demulsification data were successfully interpreted by an empirical pseudo-first order model. In general, the obtained outcomes encourage future research efforts in the use of ionic liquids for the removal of low water fractions from w/o emulsions.
Lithofacies prediction in clastic deep water reservoirs (2006)

We use core and log relationships to systematically predict deep water lithofacies from seismic derivative volumes. We exploit seismic inversions that solve for Vshale and porosity simultaneously, the two key components that are needed to predict lithofacies. Fluid contacts and anisotropy are accounted for in the inversion, and the low frequency models that are used to invert for Vshale and porosity are based on geologic data and interpretation. The low frequency information plays a significant role in obtaining accurate lithofacies predictions. The lithofacies predictions allow us to identify areas that have high concentration turbidites, low concentration turbidites, poorly sorted traction beds, and shales within the reservoir. The lithofacies predictions have provided a basis for modifying geologic concepts and interpretations and they have enhanced the understanding of channel architecture, environment of deposition, and reservoir connectivity.
Naturally Occurring Polyamines: Interaction with Macromolecules (2005)

The naturally occurring polyamines, spermine [NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH2] and spermidine [NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH2], as well as the diamine putrescine [NH2(CH2)4NH2], are widely spread in nature. They occur in plants, micro-organisms and animal tissues and fulfil many important physiological functions. Due to their cationic nature they interact with negatively charged macromolecules such nucleic acids, phospholipids and proteins. This ionic interaction, which is reversible, leads to the stabilization of DNA, tRNA, membranes and some proteins. Early studies demonstrated that polyamines stimulate the growth of pro- and eukaryotic cells and that they play an important role in carcinogenesis and in malignant transformation processes. As a result of these studies various inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis have been synthesized and are used to combat cancer and parasitic diseases (e.g., African sleeping sickness).
A Small Subpopulation of Blastospores in <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms Exhibit Resistance to Amphotericin B Associated with Differential Regulation of Ergosterol and <i>β</i> -1,6-Glucan Pathway Genes (2006)

The resistance of Candida albicans biofilms to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents has been well documented. Biofilms are known to be heterogeneous, consisting of microenvironments that may induce formation of resistant subpopulations. In this study we characterized one such subpopulation. C. albicans biofilms were cultured in a tubular flow cell (TF) for 36 h. The relatively large shear forces imposed by draining the TF removed most of the biofilm, which consisted of a tangled mass of filamentous forms with associated clusters of yeast forms. This portion of the biofilm exhibited the classic architecture and morphological heterogeneity of a C. albicans biofilm and was only slightly more resistant than either exponential- or stationary-phase planktonic cells. A submonolayer fraction of blastospores that remained on the substratum was resistant to 10 times the amphotericin B dose that eliminated the activity of the planktonic populations. A comparison between planktonic and biofilm populations of transcript abundance for genes coding for enzymes in the ergosterol (ERG1, -3, -5, -6, -9, -11, and -25) and beta-1,6-glucan (SKN and KRE1, -5, -6, and -9) pathways was performed by quantitative RT-PCR. The results indicate a possible association between the high level of resistance exhibited by the blastospore subpopulation and differential regulation of ERG1, ERG25, SKN1, and KRE1. We hypothesize that the resistance originates from a synergistic effect involving changes in both the cell membrane and the cell wall.
RETRACTED: Fabrication and mechanical characterization of a polyvinyl alcohol sponge for tissue engineering applications (2013)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges are widely used for clinical applications, including ophthalmic surgical treatments, wound healing and tissue engineering. There is, however, a lack of sufficient data on the mechanical properties of PVA sponges. In this study, a biomechanical method is used to characterize the elastic modulus, maximum stress and strain as well as the swelling ratio of a fabricated PVA sponge (P-sponge) and it is compared with two commercially available PVA sponges (CENEFOM and EYETEC). The results indicate that the elastic modulus of the P-sponge is 5.32% and 13.45% lower than that of the CENEFOM and EYETEC sponges, while it bears 4.11% more and 10.37% less stress compared to the CENEFOM and EYETEC sponges, respectively. The P-sponge shows a maximum strain of 32% more than the EYETEC sponge as well as a 26.78% higher swelling ratio, which is a significantly higher absorbency compared to the CENEFOM. It is believed that the results of this study would help for a better understanding of the extension, rupture and swelling mechanism of PVA sponges, which could lead to crucial improvement in the design and application of PVA-based materials in ophthalmic and plastic surgeries as well as wound healing and tissue engineering.
Vaccines for<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: a long and winding road (2014)

Despite the recognition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen, no vaccine against this bacteria has come to market. This review describes the current state-of-the-art in vaccinology for this bacterium. This includes a discussion of those at risk for infection, the types of vaccines and the approaches for empirical and targeted antigen selection under development, as well as a perspective on where the field should go. In addition, the challenges in developing a vaccine for those individuals at risk are discussed.
The Major Homology Region of the HIV-1 Gag Precursor Influences Membrane Affinity (1996)

Assembly of retroviruses, including HIV-1, involves movement of newly synthesized viral proteins and RNA to the plasma membranes of host cells. The major homology region (MHR, aa 285-304), a highly conserved sequence in the capsid domain of the HIV-1 Gag precursor polyprotein, plays a critical, but unknown, role in infectious particle assembly. Mutations of invariant residues in the sequence have pleiotropic effects: Mutation of Gln287 blocks viral assembly while mutation of Arg299 permits assembly, but blocks formation of infectious particles. In this report, we demonstrate that Gag proteins lacking the entire MHR accumulated in the cytoplasm of transfected COS-1 cells, as did the wild-type protein, but were processed in a defective manner at the cellular membrane resulting in impaired particle assembly. To further examine the role of the MHR in membrane association, membrane binding of unmyristylated recombinant Gag proteins with alterations in the MHR was investigated in vitro. The wild-type Gag precursor bound to acidic phospholipid vesicles highly efficiently, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy or velocity sedimentation. In contrast, deletion of the entire MHR reduced membrane affinity an average of approximately 3-fold or greater. Mutation of the invariant Gln287 residue disrupted membrane affinity approximately 6-fold relative to the wild-type, which was similar to the level of inhibition obtained by deletion of a membrane-binding signal previously identified in the matrix domain of the Gag precursor. Mutation of the invariant Arg299 residue reduced the affinity to a lesser extent. The results indicate that correct membrane binding is determined not only by signals in the MA domain of the precursor but also by sequences in the CA domain of Gag. We speculate that defects in the highly conserved MHR affect a Gag conformation that is required for productive interactions at the membrane assembly site.
A platform for the analysis and visualization of network flow data of android environments (2015)

In this demo, we present a monitoring platform dedicated to the collection, storage, analysis and visualization of logs and network flow data of mobile applications. The platform relies on a set of on-device probes to monitor network and system activities of these applications. The data are collected from these probes and parsed through generic and flexible collectors relying on Flume agents that we have adapted and extended. We are storing the collected data using a column oriented Hbase storage engine which is the Hadoop database. Finally, after being parsed, the data are made available within the Elasticsearch engine to search and visualize them using the Kibana tool.
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring of acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS). (2010)

Diagnosis of ictal discharges during epileptic activity should be based on raw electroencephalography (EEG). The apparatus necessary for such a diagnosis would typically require time to properly set up and operate. The bispectral index (BIS), an EEG-derived parameter that is easy to establish and easy to use, has been shown to correlate with numerous EEG conditions and may represent a useful tool. Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive, partial seizures (AERRPS) is an epileptic syndrome first described by Sakuma in Japan in 2001. We assessed the utility of using BIS monitoring as a diagnostic tool and as a monitor of anticonvulsive therapy in a 14-year-old patient admitted to the intensive care unit with AERRPS. After BIS monitor montage, BIS, electromyography (EMG) and raw EEG data were continuously recorded. Epileptic seizures lasting 1-2 min were repeated every 3-4 min. Using paired t-test analysis, mean +/- SD BIS and EMG peak values at the start of epileptic seizures (94.5+/-3.6, 55.8+/-2.5 dB) were significantly higher than values measured at the end of seizures (55.1+/-12.5, 34.5+/-2.8 dB), respectively. Real-time EEG revealed bursts of epileptiform discharges replaced by slow d and q waves with ictal remissions. During induced pharmacologic barbiturate/diazepam coma, BIS decreased to near isoelectricity (11.9+/-2.5) with a steady increase in suppression ratio (65.5+/-9.7). The characteristic BIS profile of repetitive 1-2 min high EEG/EMG activity could serve as an indicator of a global increase in cerebral activity with seizures. Our report suggests that BIS, an easy-to-use device, might be helpful in monitoring clinical trends after EEG confirmation of diagnosis as well as in successfully depicting the efficacy of therapy.
Bloodstream Infection Associated with Needleless Device Use and the Importance of Infection‐Control Practices in the Home Health Care Setting (1999)

The influence of infection-control practices on bloodstream infection (BSI) risk was examined in a home health care setting in which three needleless devices were used consecutively. A case-control study and a retrospective cohort study were conducted. Risk factors for BSI included lower education level, younger age, having a central venous catheter (CVC) with multiple ports, or having a tunneled CVC. Among patients with a tunneled CVC, those at greatest risk had been allowed to shower rather than bathe and to get their exit site wet (P<.01). A high proportion (49%) of isolates were hydrophilic gram-negative bacteria, suggesting water sources of infection. In the cohort study, the BSI rate decreased as the frequency of changing the needleless device end cap increased from once weekly up to every 2 days, suggesting that the mechanism for BSI may involve contamination from the end cap. These findings may help to develop infection-control measures specific to home health care.
Molecular scale electronics: syntheses and testing (1998)

Abstract. This paper describes four significant breakthroughs in the syntheses and testing of molecular scale electronic devices. The 16-mer of oligo(2-dodecylphenylene ethynylene) was prepared on Merrifields resin using the iterative divergent/convergent approach which significantly streamlines the preparation of this molecular scale wire. The formation of self-assembled monolayers and multilayers on gold surfaces of rigid rod conjugated oligomers that have thiol, ;!-dithiol, thioacetyl, or ;!-dithioacetyl end groups have been studied. The direct observation of charge transport through molecules of benzene-1, 4-dithiol, which have been self-assembled onto two facing gold electrodes, has been achieved. Finally, we report initial studies into what effect varying the molecular alligator clip has on the molecule scale wire’s conductivity. Future computational systems are likely to consist of logic devices that are ultra dense, ultra fast, and molecular-sized [1–3]. The slow step in existing computational architectures is not usually the switching time, but the
Überführung von l‐Benzylisochinolinen in Berbinium‐Salze. 2. Mitt.: Strukturaufklärung eines „Alteupaverin”‐Derivates C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>17</sub>NO<sub>5</sub> (1967)

Abstract Durch chemischen Abbau, IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren wird bewiesen, daß die Verbindung C 21 H 17 NO 5 das 1‐(3′,4′‐Methylendioxy‐6′‐acetylbenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐6,7‐methylendioxy‐isochinolin (IIIa) ist.
Modeling Biodynamic Effects of Vibration. Fifth Year (1979)

Abstract : The biomechanical feedthrough of vertical and/or fore-aft vibration from a seat, to (and through) various parts of the torso, limbs, hands, and head, to a spring-restrained control stick has been modeled over a 5-year effort using prior Air Force and other data bases. This final report summarizes the project results and provides a User's Guide to BIODYN-78, an interactive, remote-access, digital computer program for exercising the model. The model involves 77 postural and physiological parameters to define a broad range of seating/control/display arrangements from supine to erect. An internal routine automatically trims the Torso/Head/Limb system at the desired angles and computes linearized equations of motion, which are solved for their eigenvalues and resulting transfer functions using highly refined computing routines. In distinction from most past models, this model represents several degrees-of-freedom simultaneously, e.g., vertical and fore/aft shoulder motion, angular head-bobbing, constrained elbow motion, stick-grip-interface force, muscle forces, and stick angular motion, among many others.
High-Risk Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Treated With Synchronous Carboplatin/Etoposide and Radiation: A Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study—TROG 96:07 (2003)

High levels of locoregional control and survival have been achieved with the addition of chemotherapy to radiation treatment for high-risk MCC of the skin. The role of chemoradiotherapy for high-risk MCC warrants further investigation.