gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operation of electromagnetic reverberation chambers with wave diffractors at relatively low frequencies (2001)

The dependence of the modal density on chamber geometry is analyzed, for general unstirred reverberation chambers at relatively low frequencies of operation. An expression for the lowest usable frequency is derived based on the chamber mode density. The use of curved wave diffractors is investigated as a method for increasing the average mode density. The specific effect of corner, edge, surface and volume diffractors on the mode density and quality factor of a nominally rectangular shielded room is analyzed as a function of diffractor size, density, and operating frequency. This paper complements earlier studies on field statistics of undermoded reverberation chambers and the performance of acoustic-type diffusers in electromagnetic reverberation chambers.
A 10.37 mm2 675 mW reconfigurable LDPC and Turbo encoder and decoder for 802.11n, 802.16e and 3GPP-LTE (2010)

This paper describes the implementation of a flexible Turbo and LDPC outer modem engine which is capable of supporting the WiFi(802.11n), WiMax(802.16e) and 3GPPLTE standard on the same hardware resources. The chip is implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology and occupies 10.37 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The decoder flexibility is offered by means of an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP), with full datapath reuse between Turbo and LDPC decoding. The encoders are dedicated ASIC datapaths. The maximum clock speed can be set to 320 MHz allowing a decoder output rate for a single iteration in excess of 140 Mbps for Turbo and 640 Mbps for LDPC with a maximum power consumption of 675 mW. The architecture template has been extended to support other standards like the DVB-S2/T2 LDPC decoding as well.
Case 23-1972 (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of the radiologic finding of a mass in the lung.He had been well until 18 years previously, when pain developed in the right thigh. X-ray films disclosed a lytic lesion in the proximal portion of the right femoral shaft, and a biopsy revealed plasma-cell myeloma. No other bony lesions were demonstrated, and a test of the urine for Bence-Jones protein was negative. Radiation treatment was begun, but a pathologic fracture occurred at the site of the lesion; the lesion was curetted, and a Jewett nail and plate . . .
Genetic and spectrally distinct in vivoimaging: embryonic stem cells and mice with widespread expression of a monomeric red fluorescent protein (2005)

Fluorescent proteins with excitation and/or emission profiles in the red part of the visible spectrum represent distinct partners, or longer wavelength substitutes for GFP. Not only do DsRed-based RFPs provide a genetically and spectrally distinct addition to the available repertoire of autoflorescent proteins, but by virtue of their spectral properties they permit deeper tissue imaging. Our work in generating CAG::mRFP1 transgenic ES cells and mice demonstrates the developmental neutrality of mRFP1 in an organismal context. It paves the way for the use of DsRed-based monomeric RFPs in transgenic and gene targeted approaches which often necessitate spatially and/or temporally restricted reporter expression. Moreover animals of the CAG::mRFP1 transgenic strain serve as a source of RFP tagged tissue for the derivation of cell lines and explant, transplant and embryo chimera experiments.
Limitations of HIL Test Architectures for Car2X Communication Devices and Applications (2019)

Evaluating vehicle software and hardware using Hardware in the Loop (HIL) simulation is a very common process in current vehicle manufacturing. However, the more complex the vehicle’s environmental awareness becomes, the more complex the HIL simulation framework has to become. With the introduction of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, the environmental awareness of traffic participants expands tremendously. Yet, appropriate tools for evaluating Electronic Control Units (ECUs) with a high level of environmental awareness are lacking. Considering scenarios with more than a handful of vehicles, current HIL simulation frameworks are not capable of simulating these scenarios in real time. Hence, the state-of-the-art testing approach is to provide a non-reactive environment for the validation of V2X ECUs. This paper addresses the question, if and to which extent such a non-reactive approach is sufficient for validating complex V2X based applications.
Scaffolded multiple cyclic peptide libraries for protein mimics by native chemical ligation (2014)

The accessibility to collections, libraries and arrays of cyclic peptides is increasingly important since cyclic peptides may provide better mimics of the loop-like structures ubiquitously present in and - especially - on the surface of proteins. The next important step is the preparation of libraries of ensembles of scaffolded cyclic peptides, which upon screening may lead to promising protein mimics. Here we describe the synthesis of a tri-cysteine containing scaffold as well as the simultaneous native chemical ligation of three cyclic peptides thereby affording a clean library of multiple cyclic peptides on this scaffold, representing potential mimics of gp120. Members of this collection of protein mimics showed a decent inhibition of the gp120-CD4 interaction.
Adsorption-controlled growth of EuO by molecular-beam epitaxy (2008)

Using molecular-beam epitaxy, we demonstrate the adsorption-controlled growth of epitaxial EuO films on single crystalline (110) YAlO3 substrates. Four-circle x-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals phase-pure, epitaxial, (001)-oriented films with rocking curve full width at half maxima as narrow as 34 arc sec (0.0097°). The critical thickness for the onset of relaxation of (001) EuO on (110) YAlO3 (∼2% lattice mismatch) was determined from XRD measurements to be 382±25 Å. A saturation magnetization of 6.96±0.07μB/Eu, a value close to the theoretical limit of 7μB/Eu, is observed.
Development of Wet Environmental TEM (Wet-ETEM) for <i>In Situ</i> Studies of Liquid-Catalyst Reactions on the Nanoscale (2002)

We present the development of in situ wet environmental transmission electron microscopy (wet-ETEM) for direct probing of controlled liquid-catalyst reactions at operating temperatures on the nanoscale. The first nanoscale imaging and electron diffraction of dynamic liquid hydrogenation and polymerization reactions in the manufacture of polyamides reported here opens up new opportunities for high resolution studies of a wide range of solution-solid and solution-gas-solid reactions in the chemical and biological sciences.
Optimization of Immunohistochemical Methods using two Different Antigen Retrieval Methods on Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues: Experience with 63 Markers (2000)

Formalin fixation produces cross-links between the proteins and the fixative that alter the ability of some antibodies to recognize antigens. We used formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues to compare two different antigen retrieval methods for 63 antibodies used in the diagnosis of infectious and neoplastic diseases of animal species. Eighty-four percent of the antibodies needed some type of antigen retrieval for optimal results. Of those antibodies, 67.7% were monoclonal and 32.3% were polyclonal. Steam heat was the method of choice for 31 antibodies. Ten antibodies reacted only with steam heat, but 9 antibodies did not react when steam heat was used. Optimal results were obtained with enzyme digestion for 22 antibodies. Only 10 antibodies yielded optimal results without antigen retrieval; 64% of these antibodies were polyclonal. All antibodies against cytokeratins were optimally retrieved with proteinese K. Antigen retrieval appears to be necessary for the majority of antibodies when used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Indoor deployment of low-power wide area networks (LPWAN): A LoRaWAN case study (2016)

The last decade saw the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, which aims to connect any object to the Internet. In this context, a new type of wireless communication network emerged known as Low-Power Wire-Area Network (LPWAN). By contrast to well-known short range and multi-hop wireless networks, LPWAN networks allow long range communications at a low bit rate. Furthermore, LPWAN networks are considered to be integrated into 5G. Among LPWAN networks, the LoRaWAN technology gains more and more interest from the research and industrial communities. In this article, we have led a thorough experimental performance evaluation of LoRaWAN in an indoor environment. From this study, we quantify the limits of this technology and expose the merits of using LoRaWAN for IoT communications in the context of 5G.
<title>Plasma-induced gate oxide degradation and its impact on oxide reliability for CMOS FETs</title> (1994)

Plasma-induced gate oxide degradation has been investigated using CMOS device structures, as well as single-channel MOSFETs. The plasma process induces both interface states and oxide charges in n-ch and p-ch MOSFETs. Although forming gas anneal recovers or masks most of the damage, the damage reappears in the form of reduced hot carrier reliability. The study of dual-gate MOSFETs, in which an antenna aluminum-pad is shared by n-ch and p-ch MOSFETs, shows that the plasma charges collected by the antenna are equally divided between n-ch and p-ch MOSFETs. This indicates that the nature of the plasma stress acting on MOS devices is more like a current source. It was also found that a floating well structure used for CMOS does not protect MOSFETs from plasma damage.
Polyamine Analogue Antidiarrheals:  A Structure−Activity Study (2000)

The syntheses of a group of spermine polyamine analogues and their evaluation as antidiarrheals are described. Each compound was assessed in a rodent castor oil-induced diarrhea model for its ability to reduce stool output and weight loss in a dose-dependent manner. The spermine pharmacophore is shown to be an excellent platform from which to construct antidiarrheals. The activity of the compounds is very dependent on both the nature of the terminal alkyl groups and the geometry of the methylene spacers separating the nitrogens. The toxicity profile is also quite dependent on these same structural features. On the basis of subcutaneous dose-response data and toxicity profiles, two compounds, N(1),N(12)-diisopropylspermine and N(1),N(12)-diethylspermine, were taken forward into more complete evaluation. These measurements included formal acute and chronic toxicity trials, drug and metabolic tissue distribution studies, and assessment of the impact of these analogues on tissue polyamine pools. Finally, the remarkable activity of N,N'-bis[3-(ethylamino)propyl]-trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine underscores the need to further explore this framework as a pharmacophore for the construction of other antidiarrheal agents.
Quantitative Analysis in the Study of American Religious History (1975)

Quantitative Analysis in the Study of American Religious History Get access FRED J. HOOD FRED J. HOOD FRED J HOOD (Ph D, Princeton University) is Associate Professor of History at Georgetown College He has articles and reviews in Church History, The American Historical Review, and other journals. This paper was originally presented to the American Academy of Religion, Chicago, 1974 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XLIII, Issue 2, June 1975, Pages 287–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XLIII.2.287 Published: 01 June 1975
Field performance of transgenic sugarcane produced using <i>Agrobacterium</i> and biolistics methods (2013)

Future genetic improvement of sugarcane depends, in part, on the ability to produce high-yielding transgenic cultivars with improved traits such as herbicide and insect resistance. Here, transgenic sugarcane plants generated by different transformation methods were assessed for field performance over 3 years. Agrobacterium-mediated (Agro) transgenic events (35) were produced using four different Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, while biolistic (Biol) transgenic events (48) were produced using either minimal linearized DNA (LDNA) transgene cassettes with 5', 3' or blunt ends or whole circular plasmid (PDNA) vectors containing the same transgenes. A combined analysis showed a reduction in growth and cane yield in Biol, Agro as well as untransformed tissue culture (TC) events, compared with the parent clone (PC) Q117 (no transformation or tissue culture) in the plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. However, when individual events were analysed separately, yields of some transgenic events from both Agro and Biol were comparable to PC, suggesting that either transformation method can produce commercially suitable clones. Interestingly, a greater percentage of Biol transformants were similar to PC for growth and yield than Agro clones. Crop ratoonability and sugar yield components (Brix%, Pol%, and commercial cane sugar (CCS)) were unaffected by transformation or tissue culture. Transgene expression remained stable over different crop cycles and increased with plant maturity. Transgene copy number did not influence transgene expression, and both transformation methods produced low transgene copy number events. No consistent pattern of genetic changes was detected in the test population using three DNA fingerprinting techniques.
1,1′-SPIROBIINDANES (1964)

The product from both the acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration of 4-methyl-4-phenyl-2-pentanone (1a) described by Hoffman (1) and by Barnes and co-worker (2) and the reaction of the saturated cyclic dimer of α-methylstyrene with aluminum chloride reported by Adams and co-workers (3) was shown to be 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane (IXa) by Curtis (4). A mechanism is postulated to explain the formation of the 1,1′-spirobiindane system. The reactions of several polyalkylindenes with α-methylstyrene and triphenylcarbinol were investigated. Several new polyalkyl-1,1′-spirobiindanes and a new polyalkylindene[1,2-a]indene were produced. Two of the 1,1′-spirobiindanes investigated were synthesized by unequivocal methods.
PPP over SONET/SDH (1994)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. This
document describes the use of PPP over Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET) and Synchronous Digital Heirarchy (SDH) circuits. This
document replaces and obsoletes RFC 1619. See section 7 for a summary
of the changes from RFC 1619. This document is the product of the
Point-to-Point Protocol Extensions Working Group of the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should be submitted to the
ietf-ppp@merit.edu mailing list.
Auditory and visual sequential memory of Down syndrome and nonretarded children. (1982)

The study was designed to investigate auditory and visual sequential memory of mentally retarded individuals. Experiment 1, conducted with Down syndrome children and adolescents, replicated previous findings of poor auditory sequential memory on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. In Experiment 2, nonretarded kindergarteners showed superior recall of auditory items on a more comparable set of auditory and visual tasks. These same tasks, administered to the Down syndrome sample in Experiment 3, supported the earlier finding that retarded individuals have difficulty recalling auditorially presented verbal material. Their difficulty, however, did not appear to be linked to the sequential nature of recall. We suggested that the auditory-visual recall difference evidenced by nonretarded but not by retarded subjects may have been due to the differential use of information in echoic memory.
The Quantitative Pilomotor Axon-Reflex Test (QPART) - A Technique To Assess Autonomic Nerve Fiber Function (P05.197) (2012)

Objective: To characterize phenylephrine evoked piloerection physiology. Background Sudomotor and vasomotor axon-reflex responses may be used to assess small fiber function. We have previously reported that piloerection is evoked by phenylephrine iontophoresis beneath the application (direct) site and in the surrounding (indirect) region most likely via an axon-reflex. The mechanism of the indirect response is not fully elucidated. Design/Methods: In this study, twenty subjects participated in 5 studies. Piloerection was stimulated by iontophoresis of 1% phenylephrine and quantified by silicon impressions. In studies 1 and 2, piloerection was measured after application of lidocaine gel and subcutaneous injection of 1% lidocaine-hydrochloride to block the axon reflex. In study 3, to isolate the contribution of ionophoretic current, piloerection was measured after saline iontophoresis. In study 4, the time-course of the piloerection was measured by digital photographing. In study 5, to examine the role played by blood flow, subjects were tested with and without iontophoretic nitroprusside pretreatment. Results: In lidocaine pretreated regions, there were reduced impressions in the indirect area (66.6±19.2 control vs. 7.2±4.3 lidocaine; P Conclusions: These data demonstrate that: The indirect pilomotor response is attenuated by lidocaine consistent with an axon-reflex response; 2)Iontophoresis alone does not induce piloerection; 3)Axon-reflex mediated piloerection is not secondary to vasoconstriction; and 4)Direct and indirect pilomotor responses to phenylephrine have different latencies suggesting different physiological mechanisms. These data are consistent with an axon-reflex mechanism for the pilomotor response and support QPART as a measure of small fiber function. Supported by: NIH; Langer Family Foundation; German Research Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Siepmann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Illigens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gibbons has nothing to disclose. Dr. Freeman has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc, Eli Lilly & Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Solvay S.A., and Chelsea Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Freeman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Clinical Journal of Pain.
The Ground Beneath Her Feet (2008)

In an essay titled ‘Talking about our Modernity in Two Languages’ (1997) the South Asian historian Partha Chatterjee diagnoses the condition of Indian modernity. Writes Chatterjee, ‘Somehow from the very beginning, we had made a shrewd guess that given the close complicity between modern knowledge and modern regimes of power, we would for ever remain consumers of universal modernity; never would we be taken seriously as its producers’ (Chatterjee 1997: 275). It is precisely this assumption that Indian modernity is somehow belated or backward that Salman Rushdie seeks to challenge in his seventh novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet (1999).
Tribaloy intermetallic alloy compositions: new materials or additives for wear resistant applications (1975)

Properties and uses of TRIBALOY alloys in powder metallurgy fabrication are discussed. Powders of TRIBALOY can be blended with essentially any powder processed by powder metallurgy. Green strength of the blended powder parts is reduced as the amount of TRIBALOY is increased. The concentration of TRIBALOY, however, is usually 15 to 20 volume percent, a compromise between green strength and effectiveness as a wear resistant part. Blended powders are sintered at the temperature normally used for the base metal with special consideration given to a low dew point in the atmosphere. The sintered parts can be coined, carburized, machined, or impregnated in any of the well-known ways. TRIBALOY as a powder blending agent has extended the useful life of P/M parts by factors of 5 and more. A variety of industries are presently using P/M parts at higher temperatures, heavier loads, in poorer or non-lubricated conditions or at higher speeds because of the addition of TRIBALOY. More important, however, is that TRIBALOY can be incorporated in parts to be made by powder metallurgy which until now had not been feasible. The overall effect has been considerable savings for the customer by switching to the powder metal method of manufacturing andmore » increased activity for the fabricator.« less
Antioxidants for food fats and oils (1972)

Abstract Types of antioxidants currently available for food fats and oils are listed, and theoretical and practical aspects of selecting the proper ones for various food uses are reviewed. Consideration is given to relative potencies, modes of application, regulations governing use, and some of the more prominent problems encountered in their commercial applications. A brief look is taken into future needs and possible developments with fat and oil antioxidants.
Mathematical Oncology: How Are the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Contributing to the War on Breast Cancer? (2010)

Mathematical modeling has recently been added as a tool in the fight against cancer. The field of mathematical oncology has received great attention and increased enormously, but over-optimistic estimations about its ability have created unrealistic expectations. We present a critical appraisal of the current state of mathematical models of cancer. Although the field is still expanding and useful clinical applications may occur in the future, managing over-expectation requires the proposal of alternative directions for mathematical modeling. Here, we propose two main avenues for this modeling: 1) the identification of the elementary biophysical laws of cancer development, and 2) the development of a multiscale mathematical theory as the framework for models predictive of tumor growth. Finally, we suggest how these new directions could contribute to addressing the current challenges of understanding breast cancer growth and metastasis.
<title>FRET measurements by TCSPC laser scanning microscopy</title> (2001)

We use a two-photon laser scanning microscope with a new Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) imaging technique to obtain combined intensity-lifetime images for FRET measurements in living cells. Single photon pulses from a photomultiplier and signals from the scanning head are used to record the three-dimensional photon density over the time- and image coordinates. Double exponential decay analysis delivers the lifetime components of the quenched and the unquenched molecules in all pixels of the image. We use the ratio of the intensity coefficients of the fast and slow decay component to create images that show the size of the FRET effects in different parts of the cell.
Magneto-optical Effects Enhanced by Surface Plasmons in Metallic Multilayer Films (1994)

Magneto-optical properties of noble-metal-ferromagnetic-metal multilayer thin films have been investigated in the total reflection condition. The experimental and theoretical study of a Au/Co/Au model structure demonstrates that the resonant coupling of the $p$ component of the light electric field with the gold surface plasmons results in an enhancement of the magneto-optical response of the system, both in the reflected light and in the evanescent mode.