gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalized gold nanoparticles for the binding, stabilization, and delivery of therapeutic DNA, RNA, and other biological macromolecules (2010)

Nanotechnology has virtually exploded in the last few years with seemingly limitless opportunity across all segments of our society. If gene and RNA therapy are to ever realize their full potential, there is a great need for nanomaterials that can bind, stabilize, and deliver these macromolecular nucleic acids into human cells and tissues. Many researchers have turned to gold nanomaterials, as gold is thought to be relatively well tolerated in humans and provides an inert material upon which nucleic acids can attach. Here, we review the various strategies for associating macromolecular nucleic acids to the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), the characterization chemistries involved, and the potential advantages of GNPs in terms of stabilization and delivery.
Immunomodulatory and Antidiabetic Effects of a New Herbal Preparation (HemoHIM) on Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Mice (2014)

Angelica gigas Nakai, Cnidium officinale Makino, and Paeonia japonica Miyabe) was developed to protect immune, hematopoietic, and self-renewal tissues against radiation. This study determined whether or not HemoHIM could alter hyperglycemia and the immune response in diabetic mice. Both nondiabetic and diabetic mice were orally administered HemoHIM (100 mg/kg) once a day for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg, i.p.). In diabetic mice, HemoHIM effectively improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance compared to the diabetic control group as well as elevated plasma insulin levels with preservation of insulin staining in pancreatic β-cells. HemoHIM treatment restored thymus weight, white blood cells, lymphocyte numbers, and splenic lymphocyte populations (CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T), which were reduced in diabetic mice, as well as IFN-γ production in response to Con A stimulation. These results indicate that HemoHIM may have potential as a glucose-lowering and immunomodulatory agent by enhancing the immune function of pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
<title>High-efficiency frequency doubling of ultra-intense Nd:glass laser pulses</title> (1995)

Efficient second harmonic conversion (70 - 80%) using Type II and Type I crystals is demonstrated with 400-fs, 1.053-micrometers laser pulses at intensities up to several hundreds of GW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The experimental results generally agree with the predictions of the code MIXER. For the Type II predelay scheme, evidence is obtained of pulse shortening down to approximately 100 fs.
A graphic interface in telerobotics: utilization for surgery and training (2002)

An advanced graphic interface can be used for the modelling and simulation of an operation conducted by means of telerobotic surgery. The use of a graphic interface is justified in a telemanipulation system working under communication time delay. In fact the real time simulation allows an exploration of the future scenarios. It is also proved that the use of a virtual reality interface, with a graphic display, increases the performances of the operator. Laparoscopy is currently making a name for itself as one of the most interesting applications in the context of telerobotic surgery.
Identification of a Novel Binding Site for Platelet Integrins αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) and α5β1 in the γC-domain of Fibrinogen (2003)

The interactions of platelets with fibrinogen mediate a variety of responses including adhesion, platelet aggregation, and fibrin clot retraction. Whereas it was assumed that interactions of the platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3 with the AGDV sequence in the gamma C-domain of fibrinogen and/or RGD sites in the A alpha chains are involved in clot retraction and adhesion, recent data demonstrated that fibrinogen lacking these sites still supported clot retraction. These findings suggested that an unknown site in fibrinogen and/or other integrins participate in clot retraction. Here we have identified a sequence within gamma C that mediates binding of fibrinogen to platelets. Synthetic peptide duplicating the 365-383 sequence in gamma C, designated P3, efficiently inhibited clot retraction in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, P3 supported platelet adhesion and was an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion to fibrinogen fragments. Analysis of overlapping peptides spanning P3 and mutant recombinant gamma C-domains demonstrated that the P3 activity is contained primarily within gamma 370-383. Integrins alpha IIb beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 were implicated in recognition of P3, since platelet adhesion to the peptide was blocked by function-blocking monoclonal antibodies against these receptors. Direct evidence that alpha IIb beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 bind P3 was obtained by selective capture of these integrins from platelet lysates using a P3 affinity matrix. Thus, these data suggest that the P3 sequence in the gamma C-domain of fibrinogen defines a previously unknown recognition specificity of alpha IIb beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 and may function as a binding site for these integrins.
Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Grapes by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS on a Semimicro Separation Scale (2008)

Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a semimicro separation scale was employed to develop a straightforward method for the simultaneous separation, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds occurring in whole berries of Vitis vinifera, which comprise phenolic acids, flavonols, catechins, stilbenes, and anthocyanins. A C-18 narrow bore column of 150 x 2.0 mm I.D. and a semimicro photodiode array detector (PDA) cell of 2.5 microL, in conjunction with a mass spectrometry detector equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI-MS) to confirm peak identification, were employed. The C-18 narrow bore column was eluted by a multisegment gradient of increasing concentration of acetonitrile in water-formic acid solution that was optimized on the basis of the results of a study carried out to evaluate the influence of mobile phase composition and gradient shape on separation performance and detection sensitivity by ESI-MS. The identification of individual phenolic compounds was performed on the basis of their retention times and both UV-visible and mass spectra, acquired by a mass spectrometer (MS) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, employed in conjunction with the PDA detector. Libraries comprising retention times, UV-visible, and mass spectra for major phenolic compounds expected in grape berries were made by subjecting solutions of each phenolic standard to the optimized RP-HPLC method. Quantification of individual compounds was performed by the external standard method using a six point regression graph of the UV-visible absorption data collected at the wavelength of maximum absorbance of each analyte determined by the PDA spectra. The RP-HPLC method was validated in terms of linearity of calibration graphs, limits of detection, limits of quantification, repeatability, and accuracy, which was evaluated by a recovery study. The developed method was successfully applied to identify the phenolic compounds occurring in the whole berries of nine red and one white grape of different varieties of Vitis vinifera, comprising some autochthonous varieties of south Italy such as Aglianico, Malvasia Nera, Uva di Troia, Negroamaro, Primitivo, and Susumaniello. Large differences in the content of phenolic compounds was found in the investigated grape varieties. As expected, only glycosilated flavonols were quantified, and the total amount of these compounds was higher in the whole berries of red grapes than in the white Moscato, where the most abundant phenolic compound was quercetin 3-O-glucoside. In almost all samples, the most and least abundant anthocyanins were malvidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, respectively, with the exception of Uva di Troia where the least abundant anthocyanin was delphinidin 3-O-glucoside.
Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops (2018)

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i>, <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>, and <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67⁻99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and <i>iso</i>-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on <i>L. multiflorum</i>, whereas no significant effects were observed with <i>trans</i>-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125⁻1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control <i>L. multiflorum.</i> The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.
Detection of Brain Tau Pathology in Down Syndrome Using Plasma Biomarkers (2022)

Plasma p-tau217 is a very accurate blood-based biomarker of both tau and Aβ pathological brain changes in DS that could help guide screening and enrichment strategies for inclusion of individuals with DS in future AD clinical trials, especially when it is combined with age as a covariate.
Evidence for improvement of critical current by Ag in YBaCuO-Ag thick films (1991)

The evidence is reported for enhancement of critical current density Jc in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thick films with the addition of Ag, which is correlated with improvements in structural properties. An improvement of 50% in Jc (up to ∼500 A/cm2 at T=4.2 K) was obtained in films made from YBCO+60wt % Ag powder, fabricated by the spin-on technique on (100) SrTiO3, which is correlated with improvements in structure. The resulting films are 10 μm thick, uniform, partially textured, and show good adherence. The critical temperature Tc is improved by the addition of Ag, and a reduction in the density of microcracks and in the amount of secondary phases in the sintered films was observed. Normal-state resistivity is reduced by almost three orders of magnitude, making these films potentially useful for electronic applications in interconnects and novel hybrid circuits.
Chemokine-Dependent Neutrophil Recruitment in a Murine Model of<i>Legionella</i>Pneumonia: Potential Role of Neutrophils as Immunoregulatory Cells (2001)

The roles of CXC chemokine-mediated host responses were examined with an A/J mouse model of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. After intratracheal inoculation of 10(6) CFU of L. pneumophila, the bacterial numbers in the lungs increased 10-fold by day 2; this increase was accompanied by the massive accumulation of neutrophils. Reverse transcription-PCR data demonstrated the up-regulation of CXC chemokines, such as keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX). Consistent with these data, increased levels of KC, MIP-2, and LIX proteins were observed in the lungs and peaked at days 1, 2, and 2, respectively. Although the administration of anti-KC or anti-MIP-2 antibody resulted in an approximately 20% decrease in neutrophil recruitment on day 2, no increase in mortality was observed. In contrast, the blockade of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a receptor for CXC chemokines, including KC and MIP-2, strikingly enhanced mortality; this effect coincided with a 67% decrease in neutrophil recruitment. Interestingly, anti-CXCR2 antibody did not affect bacterial burden by day 2, even in the presence of a lethal challenge of bacteria. Moreover, a significant decrease in interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels, in contrast to the increases in KC, MIP-2, and LIX levels, was demonstrated for CXCR2-blocked mice. These data indicated that CXCR2-mediated neutrophil accumulation may play a crucial role in host defense against L. pneumophila pneumonia in mice. The increase in lethality without a change in early bacterial clearance suggested that neutrophils may exert their protective effect not through direct killing but through more immunomodulatory actions in L. pneumophila pneumonia. We speculate that a decrease in the levels of the protective cytokine IL-12 may explain, at least in part, the high mortality in the setting of reduced neutrophil recruitment.
Altered cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission with glial involvement in depression (2005)

Abnormalities in L-glutamic acid (glutamate) and GABA signal transmission have been postulated to play a role in depression, but little is known about the underlying molecular determinants and neural mechanisms. Microarray analysis of specific areas of cerebral cortex from individuals who had suffered from major depressive disorder demonstrated significant down-regulation of SLC1A2 and SLC1A3, two key members of the glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter protein family, SLC1. Similarly, expression of L-glutamate-ammonia ligase, the enzyme that converts glutamate to nontoxic glutamine was significantly decreased. Together, these changes could elevate levels of extracellular glutamate considerably, which is potentially neurotoxic and can affect the efficiency of glutamate signaling. The astroglial distribution of the two glutamate transporters and L-glutamate-ammonia ligase strongly links glia to the pathophysiology of depression and challenges the conventional notion that depression is solely a neuronal disorder. The same cortical areas displayed concomitant up-regulation of several glutamate and GABA(A) receptor subunits, of which GABA(A)alpha1 and GABA(A)beta3 showed selectivity for individuals who had died by suicide, indicating their potential utility as biomarkers of suicidality. These findings point to previously undiscovered molecular underpinnings of the pathophysiology of major depression and offer potentially new pharmacological targets for treating depression.
Angelman syndrome: Mimicking conditions and phenotypes (2001)

The diagnosis of Angelman syndrome (AS) can be confirmed by genetic laboratory in about 80% of cases. In 20%, the diagnosis remains clinical, but often there is uncertainty about the correctness of the clinical diagnosis and alternative diagnoses may be investigated. In evaluating individuals for AS in our center since 1989, we have encountered several mimicking conditions, and additional ones have been reported in the literature. Mimicking conditions can be grouped into the areas of chromosome, single gene, and symptom complex anomalies. Microdeletions or microduplications include chromosome regions 2,4,17, 22, and 15. Single gene conditions include methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFR), Rett syndrome, alpha-thalassemia retardation syndrome (ATR-X), and Gurrieri syndrome. Symptom complexes include cerebral palsy, static encephalopathy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental delay (PDD), and mitochondrial disorders. We present a review of these mimicking disorders to increase the awareness about conditions that can lead to an incorrect clinical diagnosis of AS.
Intelligent design architecture for process control of deep-drawing (1999)

A concept of design architecture with a database for an intelligent sheet metal forming system was proposed to enable designing of a process control system without experts who are skilled and experienced in the forming process. In this study, the proposed architecture was applied to the variable blank holding force control technique for circular-cup deep-drawing. The system is available for three objective functions which are typical process requirements, cup wall uniformity, cup height improvement and energy saving. The availability of this design architecture is confirmed by experiments on aluminum alloy sheets.
Interpreting 12-Lead ECGs (2008)

In Brief Using a systematic approach for interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs) is necessary. A specific framework helps the reader avoid diagnostic errors made by focusing on the ECG as a whole instead of the individual parts. A step-by-step analysis may aid the clinician in recognizing both the obvious and subtle abnormalities that help guide therapy.
Phosphate and Vitamin D Prevent Periodontitis in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (2016)

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic skeletal disease where increased phosphate wasting in the kidney leads to hypophosphatemia and prevents normal mineralization of bone and dentin. Here, we examined the periodontal status of 34 adults with XLH and separated them according to the treatment they received for hypophosphatemia. We observed that periodontitis frequency and severity were increased in adults with XLH and that the severity varied according to the hypophosphatemia treatment. Patients who benefited from an early and continuous vitamin D and phosphate supplementation during their childhood presented less periodontal attachment loss than patients with late or incomplete supplementation. Continued hypophosphatemia treatment during adulthood further improved the periodontal health. Extracted teeth from patients with late or incomplete supplementation showed a strong acellular cementum hypoplasia when compared with age-matched healthy controls. These results show that XLH disturbs not only bone and dentin formation but also cementum and that the constitutional defect of the attachment apparatus is associated with attachment loss.
Early nuclear events of in vitro fertilization in the domestic fowl (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>) (1990)

In vitro fertilization in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) was investigated by observation of the early nuclear events. Ova retrieved from the fimbria following ovulation were inseminated in vitro with 10(6)-10(7) spermatozoa in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for 10 min and then further incubated in DMEM + albumen for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hr. These eggs were histologically examined by epifluorescent microscopy after staining with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Nuclei of spermatozoa at various stages of transformation were observed in the ova incubated for 1-3 hr. Close pairing of two pronuclei, presumed to be male and female juxtaposition, was detected in ova incubated for 4 hr. These data provide direct evidence for the in vitro fertilization of fowl eggs and suggested that the early process of in vitro fertilization is comparable to that of in vivo fertilization.
Propenyl ethers. I. The synthesis of propenyl ether monomers (1993)

Abstract A variety of mono‐, di‐, and multifunctional propenyl ethers were readily prepared in high yields by the condensation of alcohols with allyl halides followed by the base or transition metal‐catalyzed rearrangement of the corresponding allyl ethers. Their straightforward synthesis and high reactivity in cationic UV curing make these monomers highly attractive for a variety of applications. The successful photopolymerization of these monomers has required the synthesis of specially tailored onium salt photoinitiators. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Full Monty: Moving Beyond The Hybrid Cloud (2015)

High-end media projects require geographically diverse talent as well as powerful hardware and software. Fluctuating workloads, unpredictable budgets, and globalized production teams have prompted many companies to adopt hybrid workflows where parts of the production pipeline, such as long-term storage and processing, are moved to the cloud. Many cloud providers have on-demand, pay-as-you-go services that map to hybrid production models and variable workloads, but this solves only part of the problem. Many media companies still buy expensive hardware to handle parts of the pipeline on-premises. This includes synchronizing large media files, using high-performance storage, and providing employee workstations. This paper addresses these barriers to fully embracing the cloud by presenting an end-to-end media production pipeline built entirely in the cloud. Learn how to combine the latest advances in application streaming, high-performance storage, clustered media processing, and high-speed file delivery to form a complete pipeline in the cloud that lowers costs and meets the needs of today's professional media projects.
<title>Visible And Ultraviolet Bandpass Filters</title> (1974)

There are an increasing number of applications requiring the isolation of spectral bands ranging in width from less than 0.1 nm to greater than 50 nm. In general the interference filter is a simple device for performing this isolation function. Manufacturers providing these filters offer a broad choice of band position, band width, band shape, degree of off-band rejection and free filter range. It is the purpose of this paper, following an outline of the theory, to present the optical characteristics of visible and ultraviolet bandpass filters. Starting with the narrowest single cavity filter, the discussion progresses to multi-cavity designs with their improved passband shapes. Additional elements necessary to control the free filter range and the degree of rejection at wavelengths outside the passband are also considered. The presentation places emphasis on the performance of filters satisfying typical requirements such as the detection of an emission line in the presence of a strong continuum.
Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. (1982)

Cell extracts and conditioned media (CM) from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEs) were fractionated by PAGE in the presence SDS, and plasminogen activator (PA) activity was localized by fibrin autography. Multiple molecular weight forms of PA were detected in both preparations. Cell-associated PAs had Mr of 48,000, 74,000, and 100,000 while secreted PAs showed Mr of 52,000, 74,000, and 100,000. A broad zone of activity (Mr 80,000-100,000) also was present in both cellular fractions. In addition, PAs of Mr 41,000 and 30,000 appeared upon prolonged incubation or repeated freezing and thawing of the samples, and probably represent degradation products of higher molecular weight forms. This complex lysis pattern was not observed when CM was subjected to isoelectric focusing. Instead, only two classes of activator were resolved, one at pH 8.5, the other at 7.6. Analysis of focused samples by SDS PAGE revealed that the activity at pH 8.5 resulted exclusively from the Mr 52,000 form; all other forms were recovered at pH 7.6. The activity of the Mr 52,000 form was neutralized by anti-urokinase IgG but was not affected by antitissue activator IgG indicating that it is a urokinaselike PA. The activities of the Mr 74,000-100,000 forms were not affected by anti-urokinase. They were blocked by antitissue activator suggesting that all the forms in this group were tissue-type PAs. The multiple forms of PA were differentially sensitive to inactivation by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Treatment of CM with 10 mM DFP for 2 h at 37 degrees C only partially inhibited the 52,000-dalton form. However, it completely inactivated the 74,000-dalton partially inhibited the 52,000-dalton form. However, it completely inactivated the 74,000-dalton PA. The activity of the Mr 100,000 form was not affected by this treatment, or by treatment with 40 mM DFP. Thus, cultured BAEs produce multiple, immunologically distinct forms of PA which differ in size, charge, and sensitivity to DFP. These forms include both urokinaselike and tissue-activator-like PAs. The possibility that one of these forms is a zymogen is discussed.