gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor-β Repression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Dermal Fibroblasts Involves Smad3 (2001)

Enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, collagenase-1) is implicated in pathological tissue destruction. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) prevents cytokine-induced MMP-1 gene expression in fibroblasts. In these studies, we examined the hypothesis that repression of MMP-1 may be mediated through the Smad signaling pathway. The results showed that Smad3 and Smad4, but not Smad1 or Smad2, mimicked the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta and abrogated interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced stimulation of MMP-1 promoter activity and NFkappaB-specific gene transcription in dermal fibroblasts. Experiments with truncation mutants indicated that both MH1 and MH2 domains of Smad3 were necessary for inhibitory activity. Dominant negative mutants of Smad3 or Smad4 and antagonistic Smad7, which disrupts ligand-induced Smad3 phosphorylation, abrogated the repression of MMP-1 transcription by TGF-beta. Similar results were obtained using immunoblot and Northern analysis. Furthermore, TGF-beta failed to repress MMP-1 promoter activity in Smad3-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts. These results implicated cellular Smads in mediating the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta. Overexpression of the transcriptional co-activator p300, but not its histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-deficient mutant, was able to relieve repression of MMP-1 gene expression, suggesting that Smad-dependent inhibition may be due to increased competition between Smad proteins and IL-1beta signaling pathways for limiting amounts of cellular p300. Together, these results demonstrate that MMP-1 is a target for negative regulation by TGF-beta through cellular Smad3 and Smad4. Smad-mediated repression of MMP-1 gene expression may be important for preventing excessive matrix degradation induced by inflammatory cytokines; disruption of Smad signaling, as occurs in certain cancer cells, may thus be causally linked to uncontrolled tissue destruction mediated through MMP-1.
Fog Computing: Mitigating Insider Data Theft Attacks in the Cloud (2012)

Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user's real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.
Characterization of the lysis of fresh human solid tumors by autologous lymphocytes activated <i>in vitro</i> with phytohemagglutinin. (1983)

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), obtained from patients with a variety of malignancies, when incubated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lysed fresh autologous tumors during a short-term 51Cr-release assay. These PHA-activated killer (PAK) cells produced maximum lysis of tumor cells by 4 to 8 hr of co-cultivation. PHA incubation induced the generation of cells lytic for autologous and allogeneic tumors but not autologous or allogeneic PBL. Cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that autologous and allogeneic tumors of various histologic types all shared the determinants recognized by PAK cells. Some adherent cells were necessary for generation of these PAK, but higher numbers were suppressive. Augmentation of tumor cell lysis was seen when adherent cells were partially removed before PHA activation. The PAK effector cell was OKT3+, OKT8+. The precursor cell of the PAK was separated from natural killer (NK) cells on Percoll gradients and was generated from thoracic duct lymphocytes, a population devoid of NK cells. Furthermore, the phenotype of the majority of the precursor cells was OKT3+, OKM1-. Activation by PHA for 2 days was found to be an efficient and convenient method for generating lymphoid cells lytic for fresh autologous human tumor. The biologic and possible therapeutic role of these cells is currently being investigated.
Design and Characterization of Molecular and Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials: Successes and Pitfalls (1983)

Over the past decade it has been learned that organic materials containing appropriately constituted or substituted conjugation systems may exhibit highly enhanced electronic nonlinear optical polarization responses (1-4). Since the microscopic second-order nonlinear hyperpolarizability tensor, β, is orientationally averaged to zero in random media (except the nonuseful pseudoscalar component (5)), the realization that elements of β could be so significantly enhanced developed in large part as result of studies of electric field induced second harmonic (EFISH) generation in molecular liquids (1-2). In the EFISH technique characteristics of β are sampled as a weak molecular alignment is induced by a static electric field and the subsequent frequency doubling of laser light is observed. Correlation of molecular charge transfer characteristics with β enhancement was shown and several highly nonlinear crystals were discovered based on this knowledge (6-8). However, a major limitation to achieving the enormous potential of molecular materials (e.g. crystals with
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Oxidatively Stable Cobalt Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphite Shells (2006)

Oxidatively stable magnetic cobalt nanoparticles were prepared by annealing cobalt nanoparticles coated with poly(styrene-b-4-vinylphenoxyphthalonitrile) block copolymers. An oxygen-impermeable graphitic coating around the cobalt nanoparticles was created during thermal treatment at 700 °C owing to the thermal decomposition/cross-linking of a polymer with a highly aromatic character. A variety of analytical techniques were used to elucidate the physical properties of the pre-heat-treated and heat-treated samples. The cobalt-specific saturation magnetization (σs) increased from 81 to 173 emu g-1 Co upon heating of the polymer-coated cobalt nanoparticles. The pre-heat-treated sample readily oxidized, as revealed by low-temperature magnetic susceptometry studies, whereas the heat-treated sample showed oxidative stability for over 1 year. The mean cobalt particle size increased from 18.5 to 36.1 nm during thermal treatment. Electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction revealed that the pre-heat-treated particles were weakly crystalline, while the heat-treated particles were strongly crystalline. The dominant phase of the heat-treated sample was determined to be face-centered cubic with other minor phases present (hexagonal close packed and epsilon).
Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Elevates 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

Evidence indicates that the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and high prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels contribute to the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition to overproduction by COX-2, PGE2 concentrations also depend upon the levels of the PGE2 catabolic enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). We find a dramatic down-regulation of PGDH protein in NSCLC cell lines and in resected human tumors when compared with matched normal lung. Affymetrix array analysis of 10 normal lung tissue samples and 49 resected lung tumors revealed a much lower expression of PGDH transcripts in all NSCLC histologic groups. In addition, treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) erlotinib increased the expression of 15-PGDH in a subset of NSCLC cell lines. This effect may be due in part to an inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway as treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 mimics the erlotinib results. We show by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR that the transcript levels of ZEB1 and Slug transcriptional repressors are dramatically reduced in a responsive cell line upon EGFR and MEK/ERK inhibition. In addition, the Slug protein, but not ZEB1, binds to the PGDH promoter and represses transcription. As these repressors function by recruiting histone deacetylases to promoters, it is likely that PGDH is repressed by an epigenetic mechanism involving histone deacetylation, resulting in increased PGE2 activity in tumors. This effect is reversible in a subset of NSCLC upon treatment with an EGFR TKI.
Target recognition of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI)-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies: evidence for involvement of the fourth domain of beta2GPI in antibody binding. (1998)

Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is an absolute requirement for the binding of autoimmune anticardiolipin Abs (aCL) to cardiolipin (CL). We evaluated the target recognition of human beta2GPI by IgG derived from two patients with primary and two with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The total IgG serum fractions and beta2GPI affinity-purified IgGs were assessed by using various domain-deleted mutants (DM) of human beta2GPI (DMs: I-III, I-IV, II-V, III-V, IV-V, and V) and mouse mAbs against individual beta2GPI domains. The four IgGs bound slightly to CL in the absence of beta2GPI and showed increased binding in the beta2GPI presence. Following affinity purification of the IgGs on a beta2GPI column, reactivity toward CL was absent. DMs containing domain V inhibited the binding of biotinylated beta2GPI to CL. The addition to CL-coated plates of DM V, but not the other DMs, reduced the binding of all four IgGs. The anti-beta2GPI IgGs bound only to complete beta2GPI and DM I-IV coated on the plates. The binding to plate-adsorbed beta2GPI could be inhibited by complete beta2GPI and DM I-IV, the latter being a more efficient inhibitor. Further, the human anti-beta2GPI IgGs could compete with the binding to beta2GPI of Cof-21 mouse mAb (directed at domain IV), but not with the two other mouse mAbs. The results suggest that some "autoimmune:" beta2GPI-dependent anticardiolipin Abs recognize a beta2GPI target that is distinct from the CL-binding site in domain V. The target site for some antiphospholipid syndrome IgGs appear to reside in domain IV of beta2GPI.
Human tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cytotoxicity facilitated by anti‐T‐cell receptor antibody (1989)

Long-term growth of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in high concentrations of rIL-2 is required for generation of therapeutic numbers of cells for adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer. Under these conditions rIL-2 promotes both anti-tumor cytotoxicity and lymphocyte growth from tumors of several histological types. In a series of 16 consecutive tumors, studies of TIL-mediated cytotoxicity against different tumor targets were characterized by an initial strong tumor-non-specific cytotoxicity. With time, TIL bulk cultures became non-cytotoxic against all targets (median time = 38 days). Non-cytotoxic TIL bulk populations were capable of mediating strong cytotoxic responses if pre-treated with anti-T-cell antigen receptor antibody (TcR) before addition to targets. TIL populations were not, however, uniformly susceptible to anti-TcR-mediated cytotoxicity. Anti-TcR-mediated cytotoxicity was confined to CD8+ bulk populations (defined as populations with a CD4/CD8 ratio less than 1), with virtually no cytotoxicity observed in CD4+ populations (CD4/CD8 ratio greater than 2, (p less than 0.01). Both CD4 and CD8 populations expressed TcR antigen reactive with anti-TcR antibody. These results indicate that, despite poor in vitro anti-tumor cytotoxicity in short-term assays, CD8+ TIL are fully competent cytotoxic effector cells when subjected to strong activation signals via the TcR complex. In addition, these results imply that adoptively transferred CD4+ populations of TIL have in vivo biologic functions quite distinct from those of CD8+ populations and, further, that disparate clinical outcomes could reasonably be expected from the adoptive transfer of either population alone.
Compact Superconducting Terahertz Source Operating in Liquid Nitrogen (2015)

Sources of terahertz radiation (between the far infrared and microwave frequencies) are in high demand for a host of applications. The authors report on what is essentially a ``T-ray flashlight'', a compact and portable source of tunable, continuous terahertz light, employing a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions in a cuprate superconductor as the emitter. This economical and convenient device can be driven by one everyday 1.5-V battery, and should facilitate airport security, nondestructive evaluation, and remote detection of trace gases, among other applications.
Variable-temperature platinum-195 NMR spectroscopy, a new technique for the study of stereodynamics. Sulfur inversion in a platinum(II) complex with methionine (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVariable-temperature platinum-195 NMR spectroscopy, a new technique for the study of stereodynamics. Sulfur inversion in a platinum(II) complex with methionineDavid D. Gummin, Eva Marie A. Ratilla, and Nenad M. KosticCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 14, 2429–2433Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00234a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00234a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimation of Battery State of Health Using Probabilistic Neural Network (2012)

In this study, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used to estimate the state of health (SOH) of Li-ion batteries. The accurate prediction of SOH can help avoid inconveniences or fatal accidents from the sudden malfunction of the battery. A total of 110 pieces of Li-Co batteries are used. Constant current/voltage recharging and constant current discharging are performed for the life-cycle test of the battery. The data obtained from the recharging and discharging electric characteristics as well as the life-cycle test of the battery are used to estimate the SOH of the battery. The test data show that the constant current charging time, the instantaneous voltage drop at the start of discharging, and the open circuit voltage are the most important characteristics for estimating the SOH of the battery. The PNN is trained using 100 pieces of batteries. The remaining 10 pieces are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the PNN training using a number of samples is discussed and analyzed. The results show that the average error of the prediction is 0.28% and the standard deviation is 1.15%. The computation time of the PNN is 62.5 ms. Thus, the proposed method can accurately estimate the SOH of the battery in a short period.
Swelling Degree of Cellulose Materials and Hydrolysis Rate with Cellulase (1968)

We investigated some relationships between the hydrolysis rate with cellulase and the swelling degree of the cellulose fibers of different samples. The water retention value (WRV) determined by the centrifugal method was used as a measure of the swelling degree. A linear relationship was observed between the hydrolysis rate and the WRV of the untreated pulps of different chemical composition and crystallinity. A similar linearity was observed also for pulps treated mechanically or chemically, but the slope of the regression line differed with the treating methods, and it decreased in proportion with the degree of degradation of the fiber structure.
Vertical floating-gate 4.5F2 Split-gate NOR Flash Memory at llOnm Node (2004)

We present thc structural and electrical characteristics of the latest generation of a self-aligned split-gate NOR memory incorporating a vertical floating-gate channel having 4.5F’ area on I lOnm half-pitch rules. With enhanced electric fields for erase and programming, the cell achieves erase time < Ims and program time < IO ps at IOOnA programming current. These results demonstrate continued scalability of the SuperFlash cell for high-density, high-speed applications.
Modèle d’activité dans l’instrumentation en biotechnologies (2007)

Les acteurs, publics comme privés, conçoivent des stratégies de coopération pour développer de nouvelles compétences et avoir accès aux équipements nécessaires à une production scientifique de qualité. On assiste alors à un enchaînement de décisions stratégiques prises par des acteurs hétérogènes pour investir dans les plates-formes technologiques et organiser les coopérations. À partir d’une analyse comparative des modes de fonctionnement de six plates-formes en sciences de la vie, la formation des modèles d’activité est étudiée. La comparaison des différentes logiques de construction de l’offre de services par les plates-formes permet de préciser les conditions de validité et de survie des plates-formes. Sont ensuite discutées les frontières entre un modèle de gestion publique des plates-formes, fondé sur une politique volontariste d’offre d’équipements scientifiques aux chercheurs, et un modèle économique privé de gestion des plates-formes. Ce texte montre que c’est la difficulté à définir une demande et à jouer un rôle moteur vis-à-vis des offreurs qui conduit les promoteurs de ces plates-formes à proposer une offre qui peine souvent à trouver son public.
Treatment of corneal cystine crystal accumulation in patients with cystinosis (2014)

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine within the cells of different organs. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis is the most common and severe phenotype. With the success of renal transplantation, these patients are now living longer and thus more long-term complications within different organs are becoming apparent. Ophthalmic manifestations range from corneal deposits of cystine crystals to pigmentary retinopathy. With increasing age, more severe ocular complications have been reported. Photophobia is a prominent symptom for patients. With prolonged survival and increasing age, this symptom, along with corneal erosions and blepharospasm, can become debilitating. This review revisits the basic pathogenesis of cystinosis, the ocular manifestations of the disease, and the treatment of corneal crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Peptides: A Surprise at Every Turn (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative Stimulation of Growth Hormone Secretion in Anaesthetized Chickens by Human Pancreatic Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (hpGRF) and Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) (1984)

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were elevated in anaesthetized male domestic fowl following the intravenous administration of either synthetic human pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-44 (NH2) (hpGRF) or synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). In 6-week-old chicks the plasma GH level was elevated between 5 and 10 min after the injection of hpGRF at doses between 1 and 80 micrograms/kg. The magnitude of the response increased with doses of hpGRF between 1 and 10 micrograms/kg but declined with higher doses. The GH concentration rapidly declined between 10 and 20 min and between 20 and 40 min after injection. The administration of TRH had similar effects on GH secretion, although the responses were greater than with comparable doses of hpGRF, and the most effective dose (1-1.4 micrograms/kg) was less than with hpGRF. In anaesthetized adult cockerels GH secretion was also increased by the administration of hpGRF (1-20 micrograms/kg) or TRH (0.1-80 micrograms/kg) and in both cases the dose-response relationship was biphasic. The maximal response to TRH in adult birds was again greater than that produced by hpGRF although the response was less than that elicited in immature birds and required a higher dose (20 micrograms/kg) of TRH. The optimal dose of hpGRF and the magnitude of the GH response induced in adult birds was comparable with that in immature chicks. These results demonstrate provocative effects of TRH and hpGRF on GH secretion in the domestic fowl. The sensitivity of the GH response to TRH suggests that it may have a physiological role in the hypothalamic control of GH secretion.
Antidepressants Increase Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor mRNA Expression in Rat Hippocampus in vivo (1992)

Adrenal corticosteroids bind to hippocampal glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), thereby affecting neurochemical transmission leading to altered mood, behaviour and neuroendocrine control. Serotoninergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic projections innervate the hippocampus, interacting with corticosteroid-sensitive cells. We have previously demonstrated that lesions of 5-HT neurons reduce hippocampal GR and MR mRNA levels and now examine whether acute or chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, which potentiate endogenous monoamines by inhibiting their reuptake, affect hippocampal GR and MR mRNA expression in vivo. Rats were treated with amitriptyline (20 mg/kg.day-1), desipramine (10 mg/kg.day-1) or citalopram (20 mg/kg.day-1). After 2 or 14 days animals were killed, RNA extracted and GR and MR mRNA expression quantified by slot blot hybridization. Amitriptyline for 2 days led to a significant increase in MR (by 23 +/- 6%, compared with saline-treated controls), but not GR, mRNA expression. After 14 days amitriptyline, expression of both MR (87 +/- 27% rise) and GR mRNA (56 +/- 18% rise) had increased significantly in hippocampus, but not in parietal cortex. Desipramine for 14 days also increased MR (60 +/- 9%) and GR (42 +/- 9%) mRNA expression, though 14 days of citalopram altered only MR mRNA expression (17 +/- 5%). Thus, antidepressant drug administration elevates MR and GR mRNA expression in hippocampus, but not parietal cortex, in a time-dependent manner.