gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspirin and Salicylate Induce Apoptosis and Activation of Caspases in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells (1998)

We analyzed the effect of aspirin, salicylate, and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the viability of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Aspirin induced a decrease in cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mean IC50 for cells from 5 patients was 5.9 +/- 1.13 mmol/L (range, 4.4 to 7.3 mmol/L). In some cases, 2.5 mmol/L aspirin produced an important cytotoxic effect after 4 days of incubation. No effect was observed with other NSAIDs, at concentrations that inhibit cyclooxygenase, such as ketorolac (10 micromol/mL), NS-398 (100 micromol/mL), or indomethacin (20 micromol/mL), thus suggesting the involvement of cyclooxygenase-independent mechanisms in aspirin-induced cytotoxicity. Salicylate also produced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on B-CLL cells and the mean IC50 for cells from 5 patients was 6.96 +/- 1.13 mmol/L (range, 5 to 7.8 mmol/L). Both aspirin and salicylate induced DNA fragmentation and the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP(adenosine 5'-diphosphate)-ribose) polymerase (PARP), demonstrating that both compounds induce apoptosis of B-CLL cells. Finally, inhibition of caspases by Z-VAD.fmk blocked proteolytic cleavage of PARP, DNA fragmentation, and cytotoxicity induced by aspirin. Mononuclear cells from normal donors showed a lower sensitivity than cells from B-CLL patients to aspirin as determined by analysis of cell viability. B and T lymphocytes from normal donors and T lymphocytes from CLL patients are more resistant to aspirin-induced apoptosis, as determined by analysis of phosphatidylserine exposure. These results indicate that aspirin and salicylate induce apoptosis of B-CLL cells by activation of caspases and that this activation involves cyclooxygenase-independent mechanisms.
Noise reduction by frame averaging: A numerical simulation for portal imaging systems (1995)

We have studied the usefulness of both pre- and post-ADC frame summing for the purpose of reducing the effect of quantum noise and digitization noise in portal imaging systems. The study is based on the fluorescent-screen video-camera type of system. The study predicts the not-surprising result that provided the noise level at the ADC input is sufficiently large, the overall SNR can be increased by a factor of square root of M1M2, where M1 and M2 are the number of frames summed before and after the ADC. The study also predicts, somewhat unexpectedly, that there is an operating region in which increasing M1 actually decreases the SNR in the final image. To avoid this region M1 must be less than approximately 6 x 2(2B) (1 + -delta-1)1/2/(iaccf), where B is the number of ADC bits, -delta is the mean number of optical photons detected by the video camera per detected x-ray photon, iacc is the open-field number of detected x-ray photons per accelerator pulse per pixel, and f is the patient transmission factor. An equivalent statement is that the rms noise at the input to the ADC, sigma in, must exceed approximately 0.4q where q is the quantization interval of the ADC. It is possible that some systems operate in or close to this region. A second feature of this anomalous behavior is that the final image is not necessarily improved by increasing the number M2 of post-ADC-summed frames. For example, when sigma in/q = 0.2, there is no improvement in the overall rms error for M2 > 32.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wide-band guided-wave acoustooptic Bragg cells in GaAs-GaAlAs waveguide (1986)

One of the key components in future GaAs-based monolithic integrated acoustooptic modules or circuits is an efficient and wide-band acoustooptic Bragg cell. In this paper, design, fabrication, and performance characteristics of compact miniaturized GaAs-GaAlAs waveguide acoustooptic Bragg cells that operate at the acoustic frequency from 190 to 625 MHz are reported. A 201 MHz bandwidth has been obtained with the Bragg cell that employs a single tilted-finger chirp transducer centering at 360 MHz. The acoustic propagation losses in the GaAs-GaAlAs waveguides that were measured using acoustooptic Bragg diffraction as a probe are also presented.
Radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: The past, the present and the future (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a grim overall 5-year survival rate of 5%. Advances in surgical techniques, critical care, molecular diagnosis, diagnostic imaging, endosonology and adjuvant therapy have improved outcomes; but still more needs to be achieved. There is an urgent need to discover new avenues that may impact survival. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has attracted attention as an adjunctive treatment in PDAC. A review of English literature in PubMed was done using the MESH terms for PDAC and RFA. All the articles were reviewed and core information was tabulated for reference. After a comprehensive review of all articles the data was evaluated to discover the role of RFA in PDAC management. Indications, contraindications, feasibility, success rate, safety, complications and impact on survival were reviewed and are discussed further. RFA appears to be an attractive option for non-metastatic locally advanced PDAC. RFA is feasible but has a significant morbidity. At the present time the integration of RFA into the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is evolving. It should be considered as having a complimentary role to current standard therapy in the multimodal management care model. It is likely that indications and patient selection for pancreatic RFA will expand.
[Study on the maximum entropy principle and population genetic equilibrium]. (2006)

A general mathematic model of population genetic equilibrium about one locus was constructed based on the maximum entropy principle by WANG Xiao-Long et al. They proved that the maximum solve of the model was just the frequency distribution that a population reached Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium. It can suggest that a population reached Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium when the genotype entropy of the population reached the maximal possible value, and that the frequency distribution of the maximum entropy was equivalent to the distribution of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law about one locus. They further assumed that the frequency distribution of the maximum entropy was equivalent to all genetic equilibrium distributions. This is incorrect, however. The frequency distribution of the maximum entropy was only equivalent to the distribution of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to one locus or several limited loci. The case with regard to limited loci was proved in this paper. Finally we also discussed an example where the maximum entropy principle was not the equivalent of other genetic equilibria.
Exploiting web service techniques for composing simulation models (2007)

Two basic approaches to simulation model composition can be distinguished, depending on whether the unit of composition is a model specification according to a certain modeling formalism or the component is a simulation system wrapping the actual model implementation. Model-based approaches mainly provide user-friendly means for modular-hierarchical construction of complex models but come with limited capabilities for compositional reasoning. Simulation-based composition approaches explicitly distinguish between interface descriptions and model implementations and thereby facilitate a reasoning about compositions based solely on publicized interfaces descriptions. However, compositional reasoning about interoperability at the conceptual level and on overall model validity is currently not very elaborated. This paper takes a closer look at Web services technologies and discusses how to adapt them to the problem of model composition.
Characterization of an Electroactive Polymer for Overcharge Protection in Secondary Lithium \nBatteries (2005)

The optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of thin films of the electroactive polymer, poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), were studied in a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte. Upon extraction of n electrons per polymer formula unit, anions are taken up to balance the charge, forming a polymer cation salt, (P3BT)mn+(PF6−)mn (m is the number of formula units in the polymer chain), whose state of charge (SOC) varies with n. An in situ ac impedance method was developed to determine the electronic conductivity of the polymer at different states of charge. On oxidation of the insulating neutral P3BT polymer, the conductivity increased by eight orders of magnitude. The electrochemical potential, electronic conductivity, and optical spectrum at each state of charge were correlated, producing a color index of these primary characteristics. This allowed determination of the potential and state of charge as a function of location in transparent polymer films during propagation of an oxidation front across the film and during passage of steady-state currents through the polymer film.
Efficient Algorithms for Renewable Energy Allocation to Delay Tolerant Consumers (2010)

We investigate the problem of allocating energy from renewable sources to flexible consumers in electricity markets. We assume there is a renewable energy supplier that provides energy according to a time-varying (and possibly unpredictable) supply process. The plant must serve consumers within a specified delay window, and incurs a cost of drawing energy from other (possibly non-renewable) sources if its own supply is not sufficient to meet the deadlines. We formulate two stochastic optimization problems: The first seeks to minimize the time average cost of using the other sources (and hence strives for the most efficient utilization of the renewable source). The second allows the renewable source to dynamically set a price for its service, and seeks to maximize the resulting time average profit. These problems are solved via the Lyapunov optimization technique. Our resulting algorithms do not require knowledge of the statistics of the time-varying supply and demand processes and are robust to arbitrary sample path variations.
A lightweight and secure TFTP protocol for smart environment (2012)

“Internet of Things” (IOT) has become the everyday buzz words in recent years. As part and parcel of the Smart environment where human beings and things interact intelligently, trust and mobility becomes the basic prerequisites. However, to unify trust and mobility, a security protocol must be used for information exchanges among human and things; as well as between things and things (such as between Wi-Fi Client and Wi-Fi AP). In this paper, we present an enhancement of a security protocol for bulk data transfer amongst embedded devices (similar to the practices in IOT). We also proposed a security framework for enhancing security, trust and privacy (STP) for embedded system infrastructure. We suggested the use of lightweight symmetric encryption (for data) and asymmetric encryption (for key exchange) protocols in Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). The target implementation of TFTP is for embedded devices such as Wi-Fi Access Points (AP) and remote Base Stations (BS). We have chosen Das U-Boot (Universal Boot loader) as the horizontal security platform for this new security implementation which is suitable for Smart Environment.
Lexicon Integrated CNN Models with Attention for Sentiment Analysis (2016)

With the advent of word embeddings, lexicons are no longer fully utilized for sentiment analysis although they still provide important features in the traditional setting. This paper introduces a novel approach to sentiment analysis that integrates lexicon embeddings and an attention mechanism into Convolutional Neural Networks. Our approach performs separate convolutions for word and lexicon embeddings and provides a global view of the document using attention. Our models are experimented on both the SemEval'16 Task 4 dataset and the Stanford Sentiment Treebank, and show comparative or better results against the existing state-of-the-art systems. Our analysis shows that lexicon embeddings allow to build high-performing models with much smaller word embeddings, and the attention mechanism effectively dims out noisy words for sentiment analysis.
Direct Extraction and Recovery of Neodymium Metal from Magnet Scrap (2003)

An environmentally sound process for the extraction of neodymium (Nd) from magnet scrap was devised and its feasibility was demonstrated. The developed Nd extraction apparatus circulates the magnesium (Mg) as an extraction medium by maintaining a temperature difference within the reaction vessel, thus achieving continuous extraction of metal Nd from scrap, re-extraction of Mg from a Mg–Nd alloy, and finally, pure Nd metal with 97.7% purity was directly recovered from magnet scrap without oxidation. The concept of “scrap combination” for recycling variable materials, that is demonstrated in this study, is an important technology that can be instrumental in creating a highly developed self-sustainable society.
Application of ultrasound for feeding and finishing animals: a review (1992)

The ability to evaluate carcass traits in live animals is of value to research, educational, and industry personnel. Ultrasonic technology has been tested since the early 1950s and continues to be under investigation as a means of accomplishing this task. The accuracy of ultrasound in predicting carcass traits is variable and is dependent on species, ultrasonic instrumentation, and(or) the skill of the technician. Based on this review, the ranges of correlation coefficients (r) for carcass traits as predicted by ultrasound to the respective carcass measurement are as follows: swine (fat .20 to .94; longissimus muscle .27 to .93), sheep (fat .42 to .95; longissimus muscle .36 to .79) and beef (fat .45 to .96; longissimus muscle .20 to .94; marbling .20 to .91). Although these correlation coefficients give an indication of the accuracy of ultrasound, it should be noted that these statistics do not reflect population variation or bias. Applications of ultrasound in swine finishing programs include the successful prediction of market weight carcass characteristics and the prediction of percentage of lean cuts before slaughter. In contrast, the application of ultrasound in lamb finishing programs has met with limited success. Most data indicate that weight and(or) visual estimations of fat are at least as accurate as ultrasound predictions of carcass composition. In beef finishing programs, ultrasound has, at times, been used successfully to predict fat and muscle traits before slaughter and beef carcass chemical composition. The ability to predict marbling, however, remains unclear and requires further investigation. Ultrasound has also been used in beef finishing programs to predict days on feed to a constant body compositional end point. When summarized, these data indicate that a single ultrasonic measurement of fat can be helpful in predicting days on feed in yearling cattle. When used alone, however, a single backfat measurement does not provide adequate accuracy. Therefore, factors such as age, sex, breed type, weight, and hip height are needed to help predict days on feed more accurately.
A high oleic sunflower oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols mixed with dietary diacylglycerol reduces plasma insulin and body fat accumulation in Psammomys obesus (2009)

PS-HOSO supplementation to diabetes-prone gerbils counteracts the increase in body weight and epididymal fat accumulation, and also results in a drop in circulating insulin levels. These effects are pointing out that PS-HOSO may serve as a functional ingredient for metabolic syndrome or diabetic sufferers, which not only influences body weight, but also prevents or reverses insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia.
Lower crustal extension across the Northern Carnarvon basin, Australia: Evidence for an eastward dipping detachment (1998)

Asymmetry and strain partitioning along conjugate margins are often explained in terms of detachment faults. Nevertheless, cogent evidence for their existence remains limited. Furthermore, even when inferred detachment faults are imaged seismically, it is difficult to demonstrate that differential displacement has occurred across these surfaces. We present tectonic and stratigraphic evidence from the Northern Carnarvon basin, northwest Australia, that documents the existence of an intracrustal eastward dipping detachment. By integrating sequence stratigraphy with kinematic and isostatic models of basin development, we conclude that the Northern Carnarvon basin was formed as a consequence of four extension events: (1) a broadly distributed late Permian event, (2) a predominantly localized Rhaetian event responsible for the inception of the Barrow and Dampier subbasins, (3) a localized Callovian fault reactivation within the Barrow‐Dampier subbasins, and (4) a Tithonian‐Valanginian event that generated large post‐Valanginian regional subsidence across the Northern Carnarvon basin with only minor accompanying brittle deformation and erosional truncation. The regional distribution and amplitude of the post‐Valanginian subsidence are not consistent with the minor amounts of Tithonian‐Valanginian brittle upper crustal extension observed on the margin. Large portions of the platform were emergent or at very shallow water depths prior to the Tithonian‐Valanginian extension. To match the distribution and magnitude of the post‐Valanginian “thermal‐type” subsidence requires significant lower crustal and mantle extension across the Northern Carnarvon basin. Such a distribution of extension implies the existence of an eastward dipping, intracrustal detachment having a ramp‐flat‐ramp geometry that effectively thinned the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. The detachment breached the surface close to the position of the continent‐ocean boundary, west of the Exmouth Plateau. The flat component of the detachment occurred at midcrustal depths (∼15 km) across the plateau and ramped beneath the Australian continent. Lower crustal ductile extension provides a viable mechanism to generate large regional subsidence with little attendant brittle deformation, which may explain the paradox that both sides of many conjugate margins appear to be the “upper plate”.
Heterocyclic Synthesis with Enamines: Convenient Syntheses of Polyfunctionally Substituted Pyrazole, Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimrdine Derivatives (1993)

Abstract Facile syntheses of pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine derivatives have been achieved by the reaction of β‐enamino nitrile 2a with hydrazines, phenyl isothiocyanate, thiourea and active methylene reagents. The β‐enamino ketone 2e with the same reagents affords 3,5‐dimethyl heterocyclic ring systems.
The synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via catalytic ring-closing metathesis of dienes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via catalytic ring-closing metathesis of dienesGregory C. Fu and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 18, 7324–7325Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00044a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2706Altmetric-Citations244LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plants from Puerto Rico with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis properties. (1998)

Of 50 plants screened six extracts tested for their anti-MTB activity yielded positive results with varying degrees of inhibition. Mammea americana showed the greatest inhibitory activity suggesting that certain plant species yield valuable anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis substances. The procedures employed in this study, including the BACTEC 460 modified method, are useful for in vitro screening of plant extracts with potential antitubercular activity.
Scheduling Instructions for Soft Errors in Register Files (2011)

Subsequently to the wall of performance and power consumption, the dependability of computing, caused by soft errors, has become a growing design concern. Since Register Files (RFs) are very frequently accessed and available protecting techniques usually provoke significant power penalty and performance degradation, soft errors occurred in RFs are among the top reasons for affecting system reliability. Based on our previous analytical method, which is able to estimate the living probability of target registers, we propose a compiler optimization approach that can enhance the reliability of programs without extra costs. Under the constraints of instruction dependencies, we describe the concrete algorithm for basic block scheduling in a dynamic programming fashion, whose basic idea is to decrease the total live intervals that are vulnerable to soft errors during the execution process. We also present a register renaming method for improving the capability of scheduling. Experimental results from the MiBench benchmarks indicate that the average reliability of programs have been improved for 4.41% without palpable overhead.
Multiphase LLC Series Resonant Converter for Microprocessor Voltage Regulation (2006)

In order to further reduce the power loss, and increase the computation speed, future microprocessors desires lower voltage, higher current, tighter voltage regulation, and faster transient from their voltage regulators. In the last decade, interleaved buck converters have been studied and used extensively for powering microprocessors. Due to their inherent limitations in current sharing, capacitor size, step down ratio, and energy flow pattern, it becomes very difficult for interleaved buck converters to keep up with the demands of the future microprocessors. In this paper, a new candidate, a multiphase LLC resonant converter is proposed, which features zero voltage switching for both inverter and rectifier switches; wide load range; limited frequency range; fast dynamic response; high efficiency; and automatic current sharing. These features ensure the proposed multiphase LLC resonant converter a good voltage regulator candidate for the next generation microprocessors. All theoretical analyses are verified by a 1 V 50 W prototype and its experimental results