gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling And Simulation Of Heavy Paraffin Dehydrogenation Reactor For Selective Olefin Production In Linear Alkyl Benzene Production Plant (2008)

Modeling of a heterogeneous industrial fixed bed reactor for selective dehydrogenation of heavy paraffin with Pt-Sn- Al2O3 catalyst has been the subject of current study. By applying mass balance, momentum balance for appropriate element of reactor and using pressure drop, rate and deactivation equations, a detailed model of the reactor has been obtained. Mass balance equations have been written for five different components. In order to estimate reactor production by the passage of time, the reactor model which is a set of partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations has been solved numerically. Paraffins, olefins, dienes, aromatics and hydrogen mole percent as a function of time and reactor radius have been found by numerical solution of the model. Results of model have been compared with industrial reactor data at different operation times. The comparison successfully confirms validity of proposed model.
Gratings in the resonance domain as polarizing beam splitters (1995)

Polarization-selective gratings in the resonance domain of diffractive optics are calculated by use of rigorous electromagnetic diffraction theory. The polarizing effects are attained by special surface-relief structures, and the profile of binary surface-relief gratings is optimized with a nonlinear Newton algorithm to design diffractive polarizing beam splitters.
Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots with Nearly Uniform Sizes (2003)

Self-assembled PbSe quantum dots on PbTe quasisubstrates, where the quasisubstrate layer is grown on Si(111), show a size distribution as low as 2%, below any other reported size distribution. The result is explained by nonoverlapping diffusion radii for most of the dots and their nucleation occurring mainly at defects (glide steps of the quasisubstrate), conditions which are not met by self-assembled quantum-dot structures in other material systems.
Cooperative Radar and Communications Coexistence Using Reinforcement Learning (2018)

The growing population of radar and communications systems poses a challenge to spectral coexistence. In this preliminary study, we investigate the utility of reinforcement learning in facilitating cooperative radar and communications coexistence. We also highlight subtleties and challenges associated with employing reinforcement learning in this context. We simulate a small joint radar-communications network whose members communicate while tracking a moving target's range. A network management system must learn how to distribute allotted bandwidth to jointly maximize communications and radar performance. Considering several constraints and assumptions in the simulation, the agent sensibly chooses actions that accomplish the required performance behavior.
Performance Analysis of an Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Sensor Networks (2008)

In this paper we derive a qualitative model for O-MAC, an energy efficient MAC protocol designed for sensor networks. Through this model we study how each parameter, such as packet sending rate, node density and end-to-end hop lengths, affects the performance of O-MAC and the limitation of current O-MAC protocol. Moreover, the model gives us the direction of with which to modify the current O-MAC protocol to improve its performance.
Using Shearography to Find the Flaws (1999)

This article highlights warning signs that a composite panel may be delaminating or thinning, but engineers have a powerful nondestructive testing tool in shearography. This is a laser interferometric method developed originally for full-field observation of surface strains of components. Flaws usually induce strain concentrations around them, and shearography can be employed to detect those flaws. A relatively new variation, digital speckle-shearing interferometry (DSSI), uses a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera and computer image processing to capture and process the interferometric fringe patterns. The digital version is faster than conventional shearography, and does not require any film or Fourier filtering. The main advantages of digital speckle shearing interferometer are the ease and speed with which fringe patterns can be obtained.
Non-nitrogen doped and non-metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts based on carbon nanotubes: mechanism and origin of ORR activity (2014)

The proposed origin of the improved ORR activity is unlikely to be from residual metal impurities but from the creation of topological defects caused by the removal of high temperature CO desorbing oxygen functional groups.
5:1 Bandwidth Dielectric Rod Antenna Using a Novel Feed Structure (2017)

We present an ultrawideband dielectric rod antenna using a novel V-shaped twin-wire tapered transverse electromagnetic waveguide as the feed structure. The new feed taper allows for much wider bandwidth and resolves the pattern degradation in higher frequencies, which is typically encountered in endfire mode dielectric rod antennas. The three sections of the antenna geometry, namely, the feed taper, the rod body, and the radiation taper, are concurrently designed to achieve a 5:1 frequency bandwidth covering 6-30 GHz, 17-dB maximum gain and sidelobe levels below -20 dB over the entire band. The design is fabricated using Rexolit_1422 (epsilon_r = 2.53) and measured performance is compared with simulation results, illustrating the effectiveness of the new feed structure in providing 5:1 bandwidth with stable radiation patterns within the entire band.
Fast prototyping of artificial neural network: GSN digital implementation (2002)

This paper describes a framework for a GSN (Goal Seeking Neuron) Boolean neural network fast prototyping into an user-programmable gate array. This system provides a VHDL language description of the trained network, allowing the direct implementation of the circuit on an academic FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). A GSN software tool was designed to train and simulate a user-defined network, with diverse dimensions and applications. The implemented network presents 60 neurons in four pyramids with four layers. The short propagation time (30 ns) of the network output provides the requirements to deal with real time neural applications.
Electrophysiologic effects of berberine on isolated sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of rabbit. (1990)

Berberine (Ber) 0.1-30 mumol/L decreased the APA, Vmax, maximal depolarization potentials (MDP) and rate of spontaneous impulse initiation in sinoatrial node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) cells with prolongation of APD50, APD95 and ERP in a dose-dependent manner. The depression of SAN function was shown by increasing sinus cycle length (SCL), sinus recovery time (SRT) as well as corrected sinus recovery time (CSRT). In atria (crista terminalis, CT) higher concentrations of Ber were needed to prolong APD50, APD95, and ERP as compared with SAN and AVN. The effects of Ber on SAN were not antagonized or reversed by atropine (1 mumol/L), alpha 2-receptor agonist BHT-920 (10 mumol/L) or alpha 1-receptor agonist phenylephrine (10 mumol/L), but those effects of Ber on SCL, APA and Vmax could be reversed by norepinephrine (0.1 mumol/L). In calcium free Tyrode's solution, the inhibitory effects of Ber still revealed on SAN but on atria only prolongations of APD50 and APD95 were observed.
Dynamic load balancing for hybrid Li-Fi and RF indoor networks (2015)

In this paper, a dynamic load balancing problem for a mobile hybrid Li-Fi and mm wave RF network is studied. Even though Li-Fi networks can provide extremely high data throughputs, the spatial distribution of such high data rates may not be uniform. It has been shown that this spatial data rate fluctuations can be successfully reduced by a RF network augmented to the Li-Fi network. In this study, a dynamic load balancing algorithm is proposed to find the optimum access point (AP) assignment in order to satisfy certain average per user data rate constraints while achieving minimum outage performance. Furthermore, a data rate threshold is defined to identify whether users should be served by a Li-Fi AP or a RF AP. The simulation results show that this threshold has a significant effect on the outage performance of the hybrid network. The results further show that the optimum threshold which achieves the minimal outage probability is much lower than the per user data rate requirements.
Relaxin in the Male1 (1989)

Relaxin, a hormone usually associated with pregnancy, has been found in the semen plasma of many species. The prostate gland appears to be a source of relaxin. Relaxin stimulates sperm motility from suboptimal samples and increases sperm penetration into oocytes. Thus, relaxin may be an effective therapeutic agent in male infertility.
A Systematic Study and Characterization of Advanced Corrosion Resistance Materials and Their Applications for Plasma Etching Processes in Semiconductor Silicon Wafer Fabrication (2012)

Corrosion resistance is a quantitative measure of materials under study in a special corrosion environment. With a continuous development in semiconductor IC industry on silicon wafer fabrication and the rapid shrinkage of silicon wafer feature size as of to 32nm, 25nm and even smaller, the requirement on corrosion resistance chamber materials under high density plasma becomes extremely critical and difficult. Therefore, the study, characterization and new development of corrosion resistance chamber materials have been a critical task for technologists in semiconductor IC industry. Without the correct selection of corrosion resistance chamber materials, it is impossible for semiconductor IC industry to achieve current technology levels. Among steps of semiconductor wafer fabrication, plasma dry etching is the most difficult and comprehensive step which has a very high standard for the selection of corrosion resistance chamber materials.
Thermal Characteristics Analysis of Mill Head of Five-Axis CNC Mill Machine Based on Finite Element Method (2013)

Machine tool is the foundation of manufacture，then, five-axis CNC machine is the sophisticated equipment of CNC machine. During the practical work，there is an thermal deformation in a CNC machine because of many kinds of heat sources . This deformation affects the relative displacement between the work piece and the cutter, caused the manufacturing errors, and influences the machining accuracy of the part. So is of great importance to research the thermal characteristics. In this paper, thermal characteristics of CNC milling machine are simulated by analyzing the thermal boundary condition and using the finite element software-ANASYS Workbench. Get the temperature field cloud picture of A/C axes bi-rotary mill head of five-axis CNC machine. Weakness of Thermal Characteristics will be found out. This research provides the theoretical fundamentals for improving the accuracy of the mill head.
17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase of Rat Skin (1972)

Abstract A 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity has been demonstrated in the microsomal preparations made from the skin of newborn rats. The enzyme prefers NAD to NADP as the coenzyme and utilizes 17β-estradiol as well as testosterone as substrates. The apparent Km values estimated for 17β-estradiol are 4.1 x 10-6 m, for estrone 1.0 x 10-5 m, and for testosterone 4.0 x 10-6 m. The enzyme can be stabilized by 10 to 20% by volume of glycerol when stored at -10° in 0.1 m phosphate buffer, pH 7.5. 17β-Estradiol and testosterone have been shown to inhibit each other in the enzymic dehydrogenation at C-17, and kinetic data are compatible with the explanation that these steroids probably compete with each other on the same enzyme site. A number of other steroids have been tested for their inhibitory effects on the conversion of [4-14C]17β-estradiol into [4-14C]estrone by the enzyme preparation. Of these, 4-androstene-3β,17β-diol, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and 19-nortestosterone are effective inhibitors, whereas epitestosterone and 17α-hydroxy-progesterone are poor inhibitors, and androstene-3,17-dione, cortisone, and cortisol are not inhibitors. A common structural feature of the effective inhibitors is the presence of a 17β-hydroxyl group; the structure in ring A and the presence of the 19-methyl group do not seem to be critical for the inhibitory effect. The structural features of these inhibitors are quite different from those for steroid inhibitors of the 5α-reductase of testosterone and progesterone in the microsomes of human skin (Voigt, W., et al. (1970) J. Biol. Chem., 245, 5594), implying that the topographical features at the binding sites for steroids on the surface of the two enzymes are quite different.
Glycan analysis of colorectal cancer samples reveals stage-dependent changes in CEA glycosylation patterns (2018)

Our insights into the changing CEA glycosylation patterns and their role in the development of CRC highlight the importance of glycan variants on CEA for early clinical detection and staging of CRC.
Increased levels<i>in vivo</i>of mRNAs for IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), but not of RANTES mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) (1999)

Chemokines play an important role in the selective movement of leucocytes into inflammatory areas and they also activate various cells in inflamed tissues. However, it is unclear which cells are the main sources of chemokines in actual inflammatory diseases, even though both mononuclear cells and non-inflammatory resident cells are able to produce chemokines in vitro and the former cells are also the main target of chemokines. To clarify the roles of chemokines that are produced by mononuclear cells in AD, we measured levels in vivo of mRNA for IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha, as well as the level of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) mRNA in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD. We compared the results with those from psoriatic patients, and patients without AD who were suffering from other cutaneous diseases and eosinophilia. Levels of mRNAs were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. Levels of IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha mRNA were elevated not only in atopic patients but also in non-atopic patients with inflammatory skin disease associated with eosinophilia, compared with levels in psoriatic patients and healthy controls. Levels of RANTES mRNA were similar in atopic patients but they were lower in the other two groups of patients when compared with levels in healthy controls. In atopic patients, the levels of both IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha mRNAs but not of RANTES mRNA decreased with improvements in symptom scores after therapy. These findings suggest that mononuclear cells are not only the target of chemokines but might also play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD by producing IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha.
CIS1 Interacts with the Y532 of the Prolactin Receptor and Suppresses Prolactin-Dependent STAT5 Activation (2003)

Prolactin (PRL) interacts with a single-chain prolactin-specific receptor of the cytokine receptor superfamily. PRL triggers the activation of JAK2 kinase, which phosphorylates the PRL receptor itself, and of STAT5, a member of the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). We have shown that the STAT5-dependent immediate early gene, CIS1 (Cytokine-Inducible SH2 domain-containing protein-1), suppresses PRL-induced STAT5 activation in vitro as well as in transgenic mice. To facilitate the study of the interactions between CIS1 and the PRL receptor, we have developed the yeast tri-hybrid system, a modification of the yeast two-hybrid system. We expressed CIS1 fused to the DNA-binding domain and PRL receptor cytoplasmic domain fused to the transcription activation domain in the presence or absence of the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2 in yeast. CIS1 bound to the PRL receptor cytoplasmic domain in a JAK2-dependent manner. Moreover, we determined that the phosphorylated Y532 of the murine PRL receptor is the binding site for CIS1. Interestingly, Y532 has been shown to be unnecessary for STAT5 activation, although CIS1 overexpression suppressed PRL-induced STAT5 activation. These data suggest that the suppression of STAT5 activation by CIS1 is not due to a simple competition with STAT5 but rather to a modification of the receptor by CIS1 binding.
Potential use of the comet assay in the clinical management of cancer (2008)

The comet assay has been widely used to measure a range of cellular responses to DNA damage and has found applications in genotoxicity studies, bio-monitoring, ecological testing and in the study of human disease. This review discusses how the comet assay has been applied to the study of DNA damage and repair associated with cancer. The potential of the assay as a tool for predicting an individual's tumour sensitivity to radiation and to various chemotherapeutic drugs is examined, as well as outlining the usefulness of the assay in assessing oxidative stress within tumours. In addition, we review the use of the comet assay in investigations of the DNA-damaging effect of anti-neoplastic drugs and radiation used during cancer therapy. The advantages and limitations of the comet assay in carrying out all these studies are outlined, and the suitability of the comet assay for use in the clinical management of cancer is discussed.
Third-order spectral phase compensation in parabolic pulse compression (2007)

The influence of higher-order spectral phase on the quality of recompressed parabolic pulses was studied. Using a hybrid prisms-gratings compressor to optimize the third-order spectral phase, an improvement of the temporal Strehl ratio, time-bandwidth product, and pulse width were shown.
GMM-SVM Kernel With a Bhattacharyya-Based Distance for Speaker Recognition (2009)

Among conventional methods for text-independent speaker recognition, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is known for its effectiveness and scalability in modeling the spectral distribution of speech. A GMM-supervector characterizes a speaker's voice by the GMM parameters such as the mean vectors, covariance matrices and mixture weights. Besides the first-order statistics, it is generally believed that speaker's cues are partly conveyed by the second-order statistics. In this paper, we introduce a Bhattacharyya-based GMM-distance to measure the distance between two GMM distributions. Subsequently, the GMM-UBM mean interval (GUMI) concept is introduced to derive a GUMI kernel which can be used in conjunction with support vector machine (SVM) for speaker recognition. The GUMI kernel allows us to exploit the speaker's information not only from the mean vectors of GMM but also from the covariance matrices. Moreover, by analyzing the Bhattacharyya-based GMM-distance measure, we extend the Bhattacharyya-based kernel by involving both the mean and covariance statistical dissimilarities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new kernel on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2006 dataset.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of gunshot residues on the hands of a shooter (2003)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to determine whether the hands of a suspected gun user contain traces of gunshot residue. Samples are obtained by pressing adhesive tape against the skin of the suspect and analyzing the tape directly. When the suspect has fired multiple shots, or if the gun has not been cleaned, the gunshot residue provides a spectral signature that is readily apparent, but a person who has fired a single shot from a clean gun is not so easy to identify. The error rates associated with the LIBS identification of a subject who fired one shot from a clean gun have been evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation techniques, and criteria are proposed for defining a positive or a negative test result.
Infant cry analysis and detection (2012)

In this paper we propose an algorithm for automatic detection of an infant cry. A particular application of this algorithm is the identification of a physical danger to babies, such as situations in which parents leave their children in vehicles. The proposed algorithm is based on two main stages. The first stage involves feature extraction, in which pitch related parameters, MFC (mel-frequency cepstrum) coefficients and short-time energy parameters are extracted from the signal. In the second stage, the signal is classified using the k-NN algorithm and is later verified as a cry signal, based on the pitch and harmonics information. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithm in real world scenarios, we checked the robustness of the algorithm in the presence of several types of noise, and especially noises such as car horns and car engines that are likely to be present in vehicles. In addition, we addressed real time and low complexity demands during the development of the algorithm. In particular, we used a voice activity detector, which disabled the operation of the algorithm when voice activity was not present. A database of baby cry signals was used for performance evaluation. The results showed good performance of the proposed algorithm, even at low SNR.
Babylon v2.0: middleware for distributed, parallel, and mobile Java applications (2006)

Babylon v2.0 is a collection of tools and services that provide a 100% Java compatible environment for developing, running and managing parallel, distributed and mobile Java applications. It incorporates features like object migration, asynchronous method invocation and remote class loading while providing an easy-to-use interface. Additionally, Babylon v2.0 enables Java applications to seamlessly create and interact with remote objects while protecting those objects from other applications by implementing access restrictions and separate name spaces. This paper describes the most important programming features of the Babylon v2.0 system, using a heat diffusion example to show how they are used in practice. The potential cluster computing benefits of the system are demonstrated with experimental results which show that sequential Java applications can achieve significant performance benefits from using Babylon v2.0 to parallelize their work across a cluster of workstations.