gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Thermistor Infrared Detectors (1953)

Thermistor bolometers are fast, sensitive infrared detectors with good responsivity from 1 to 15 microns. The detectors consist of a thin flake of thermistor material mounted on a thermal sink. The time constant of the detectors is determined by the type of thermal sink on which the flakes are mounted. By cementing thermistor flakes to quartz or glass thermal sinks, detectors with time constants ranging from 3 to 5 and 5 to 8 milliseconds, respectively, are obtained.Experimental results are given for quartz- and glass-backed thermistor detectors having sizes of sensitive areas ranging from 0.2 to 12.5 square millimeters. Performance criteria for these detectors are tabulated and plotted as a function of size of sensitive area. Typical frequency response and relative spectral responsivity data are given.Detector flakes have to be mounted in sealed housings for noise-free operation. Two types of housings are described.
The effects of antifungal therapy on severe asthma with fungal sensitization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (2009)

Both ABPA and SAFS patients benefited from oral antifungal therapy. The antifungal therapy may act by reducing the antigenic load, interacting with corticosteroids or by a direct immunological effect.
Diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging: multicenter trial results. (2000)

As an adjunct to current procedures, 99mTc-sestamibi breast imaging may contribute to patient management decisions in selected populations, including women with dense breasts, mammographically indeterminate lesions >1 cm, and palpable abnormalities.
Minimizing expected energy consumption in real-time systems through dynamic voltage scaling (2007)

Many real-time systems, such as battery-operated embedded devices, are energy constrained. A common problem for these systems is how to reduce energy consumption in the system as much as possible while still meeting the deadlines; a commonly used power management mechanism by these systems is dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). Usually, the workloads executed by these systems are variable and, more often than not, unpredictable. Because of the unpredictability of the workloads, one cannot guarantee to minimize the energy consumption in the system. However, if the variability of the workloads can be captured by the probability distribution of the computational requirement of each task in the system, it is possible to achieve the goal of minimizing the expected energy consumption in the system. In this paper, we investigate DVS schemes that aim at minimizing expected energy consumption for frame-based hard real-time systems. Our investigation considers various DVS strategies (i.e., intra-task DVS, inter-task DVS, and hybrid DVS) and both an ideal system model (i.e., assuming unrestricted continuous frequency, well-defined power-frequency relation, and no speed change overhead) and a realistic system model (i.e., the processor provides a set of discrete speeds, no assumption is made on power-frequency relation, and speed change overhead is considered). The highlights of the investigation are two practical DVS schemes: Practical PACE (PPACE) for a single task and Practical Inter-Task DVS (PITDVS2) for general frame-based systems. Evaluation results show that our proposed schemes outperform and achieve significant energy savings over existing schemes.
Optimum power control over fading channels (1999)

We study optimal constant-rate coding schemes for a block-fading channel with strict transmission delay constraint, under the assumption that both the transmitter and the receiver have perfect channel-state information. We show that the information outage probability is minimized by concatenating a standard "Gaussian" code with an optimal power controller, which allocates the transmitted power dynamically to the transmitted symbols. We solve the minimum outage probability problem under different constraints on the transmitted power and we derive the corresponding power-allocation strategies. In addition, we propose an algorithm that approaches the optimal power allocation when the fading statistics are not known. Numerical examples for different fading channels are provided, and some applications discussed. In particular, we show that minimum outage probability and delay-limited capacity are closely related quantities, and we find a closed-form expression for the delay-limited capacity of the Rayleigh block-fading channel with transmission over two independent blocks. We also discuss repetition diversity and its relation with direct-sequence or multicarrier spread-spectrum transmission. The optimal power-allocation strategy in this case corresponds to selection diversity at the transmitter. From the single-user point of view considered in this paper, there exists an optimal repetition diversity order (or spreading factor) that minimizes the information outage probability for given rate, power, and fading statistics.
Developing selective histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors through ebselen and analogs (2017)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of gene expression in cells and have been investigated as important therapeutic targets for cancer and other diseases. Different subtypes of HDACs appear to play disparate roles in the cells and are associated with specific diseases. Therefore, substantial effort has been made to develop subtype-selective HDAC inhibitors. In an effort to discover existing scaffolds with HDAC inhibitory activity, we screened a drug library approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and a National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection compound library in HDAC enzymatic assays. Ebselen, a clinical safe compound, was identified as a weak inhibitor of several HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC8, and HDAC9 with half maximal inhibitory concentrations approximately single digit of µM. Two ebselen analogs, ebselen oxide and ebsulfur (a diselenide analog of ebselen), also inhibited these HDACs, however with improved potencies on HDAC8. Benzisothiazol, the core structure of ebsulfur, specifically inhibited HDAC6 at a single digit of µM but had no inhibition on other HDACs. Further efforts on structure-activity relationship based on the core structure of ebsulfur led to the discovery of a novel class of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors with RBC-2008 as the lead compound with single-digit nM potency. This class of histone deacetylase inhibitor features a novel pharmacophore with an ebsulfur scaffold selectively targeting HDAC6. Consistent with its inhibition on HDAC6, RBC-2008 significantly increased the acetylation levels of α-tubulin in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, treatment with these compounds led to cell death of multiple tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that ebselen and ebsulfur analogs are inhibitors of HDACs, supporting further preclinical development of this class of compounds for potential therapeutic applications.
Estimation of the Incidence of Lyme Disease (1998)

The incidence of Lyme disease in most endemic areas is unknown but will be an important factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of Lyme disease vaccines in those areas. The authors developed a deterministic model with nine components to estimate the frequency of Ixodes scapularis tick bites and the resulting incidence of Lyme disease in residents of endemic areas. For each component, best point estimates and plausible ranges of values were based on the published literature, unpublished data, expert opinion, or a combination of the above. By using the mean, crude, annual total of 3,827 Lyme disease cases reported from the endemic county of Westchester, New York, in 1991-1994, a mean of 178,889 I. scapularis bites (20.4 per 100 person-years) and a mean of 10,632 incident Lyme disease cases (1.2 per 100 person-years) were estimated to have occurred per year. Results of a sensitivity analysis that used two different methods suggested that this deterministic model is reasonably robust. In conclusion, according to this model, the incidence of Lyme disease in Westchester County is several-fold higher than suggested by the current passive reporting system.
Genome-wide ribosome profiling reveals complex translational regulation in response to oxidative stress (2012)

Information on unique and coordinated regulation of transcription and translation in response to stress is central to the understanding of cellular homeostasis. Here we used ribosome profiling coupled with next-generation sequencing to examine the interplay between transcription and translation under conditions of hydrogen peroxide treatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hydrogen peroxide treatment led to a massive and rapid increase in ribosome occupancy of short upstream ORFs, including those with non-AUG translational starts, and of the N-terminal regions of ORFs that preceded the transcriptional response. In addition, this treatment induced the synthesis of N-terminally extended proteins and elevated stop codon read-through and frameshift events. It also increased ribosome occupancy at the beginning of ORFs and potentially the duration of the elongation step. We identified proteins whose synthesis was regulated rapidly by hydrogen peroxide posttranscriptionally; however, for the majority of genes increased protein synthesis followed transcriptional regulation. These data define the landscape of genome-wide regulation of translation in response to hydrogen peroxide and suggest that potentiation (coregulation of the transcript level and translation) is a feature of oxidative stress.
A bloodless technique for tongue surgery (1981)

The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA System) has been used at our institution in the resection of carcinoma of the tongue in 10 patients. This device is an ultrasonically powered aspirator that selectively fragments and aspirates tissue within a 1- to 2-mm radius of its tip. The technique used in our unit in tongue surgery was to incise the touch mucosal capsule of the tongue with electrocautery, and then to divide muscle and skeletonize blood vessels using the CUSA System. Smaller vessels, up to 2 mm in size, were cauterized directly by the friction created at the tip of the instrument. In this way, excellent control was available at all times and blood loss was consequently minimal. As our experience in the use of the CUSA System increased, blood loss was virtually eliminated, anatomic landmarks were more easily defined, and at no stage did any tongue necrosis occur in any of the patients of the series.
Design and fabrication of two-axis micromachined steel scanners (2009)

This paper presents the fabrication and the test results of two-axis micromachined micro-mirror steel scanners developed for display and imaging applications. The novel fabrication method uses the conventional lithography and electrochemical metal etching techniques. A single photomask is used to define the whole structure, resulting in a simple and inexpensive fabrication process. Two different devices are designed, fabricated and characterized to test the proposed methods. Both of them employ the magnetostatic actuation to generate excitation force/torque. First device (Type-A) is a gimballed cantilever one, and it is capable of an optical scanning angle of 11.7° and 23.2° in slow- and fast-scan directions, consuming a power of 42 mW and 30.6 mW, respectively. This structure has a quality factor of 287 in the slow-scan direction and a quality factor of 195 in the fast-scan one. The second device (Type-B) is a gimballed torsional one, and it has an optical scanning angle of 76° and 5.9° in slow- and fast-scan directions, consuming 37 mW and 39 mW, respectively. This structure has a quality factor of 132 in the slow-scan and 530 in the fast-scan directions, respectively. The maximum total optical scanning angles obtained for the slow- and fast-scan axes are 105° (gimballed torsional device, Type-B) and 42° (gimballed cantilever device, Type-A).
Three views of virtual reality: virtual environments in the US military (1993)

A virtual environment is a generic, relatively low-cost real-time interactive simulation. It is shown that the US military has been a primary supporter of real-time simulation for more than 60 years, ever since the development of the Link Flight Instrument Trainer in the late 1930s. The development of flight simulation systems and head-mounted displays are reviewed. The use of virtual environments for team training, battlefield review and tactics development is discussed. Several research projects involving virtual environments and military applications are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of a Calcium Sulfate-Based Bone Graft Substitute for Benign Bone Lesions (2001)

Twenty-three patients with a benign bone lesion grafted with calcium sulfate, with and without demineralized bone matrix, were reviewed. At a minimum of 1 year postoperatively, 21 patients had achieved between 76% and 100% bone repair based on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Overall, the mean Enneking Functional Evaluation System score was 98%. Calcium sulfate is a well-tolerated, biodegradable, osteoconductive bone graft substitute. It is a reasonable alternative to autogenous bone graft for benign bone lesions.
The South African Defence Force physical training programme. Part II. Effect of 1 year's military training on muscular strength, power, power-endurance, speed and flexibility. (1986)

The effect of the South African Defence Force (SADF) military training on recruits' muscular strength, power, power-endurance, speed and flexibility was investigated. In the entire study group, a significant enhancement by basic training was observed for the isokinetic muscular strength of the right elbow extensors alone (17% increase; P less than 0,05). Stratification of training responses on the basis of initial fitness levels revealed significant improvements with basic training for all measures of muscular strength, power, power-endurance and speed, but not flexibility, in the below-average fitness recruit. For all variables the training effect was transient and values documented on completion of 1 year's military training differed insignificantly from those recorded before conscription. In contrast, with the exception of elbow extensor muscular strength, fitness levels of the average and above-average recruits were not increased by basic training. While further research to assess physical requirements of various military work and emergency situations is needed to evaluate the desirability of this observed selective enhancement of recruit fitness levels during basic training, it is evident that greater emphasis should be placed on flexibility training, and physical conditioning after basic training.
Differential Internalization of Somatostatin in COS-7 Cells Transfected with SST1 and SST2 Receptor Subtypes: A Confocal Microscopic Study Using Novel Fluorescent Somatostatin Derivatives (1997)

A growing body of evidence suggests that neuropeptide binding to G protein-linked receptors may result in internalization of receptorligand complexes, followed by intracellular mobilization and degradation of the ligand into its target cells. Because of discrepant results in the literature concerning the occurrence of such a mechanism for the tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF), we have reinvestigated this question by comparing the binding and internalization of iodinated and fluorescent derivatives of the metabolically stable analog of SRIF, [D-Trp 8 ]SRIF, in COS-7 cells transfected with complementary DNA encoding the sst 1 or sst 2A receptor subtype. A series of fluoresceinyl and Bodipy fluorescent derivatives of [D-Trp 8 ]SRIF-14 was purified by HPLC, analyzed for purity by mass spectrometry, and tested for biological activity in a membrane binding assay. Of the six compounds tested, fluoresceinyl and Bodipy derivatives labeled in position (fluo-SRIF) retained high affinity for SRIF receptors. COS-7 cells transfected with complementary DNA encoding either sst 1 or sst 2A receptors both displayed specific, high affinity binding of iodinated and fluo-SRIF. At 4 C, the labeling was confined to the cell
Thermal Dehydration of Magnesium Hydroxide (1963)

The dehydration, especially the activation energy for it, of magnesium hydroxide was investigated as a part of the studies on the sintering behavior of magnesia obtained by the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide.The magnesium hydroxide used was the chemically purest grade, being fiborous as shown in Photo. 1.The dehydration curve (Fig. 4) shows that the specimens contain a few per cent of absorbed moisture and about 31% chemically bonded water, which is expelled rapidly at the temperatures 330°-400°C. After the absorbed moisture was expelled completely by heating the specimens in a platinum crucible at 200°C for an hour in an electric furnace (Fig. 5), the isothermal dehydration was carried out by keeping the preheated specimens at several temperatures ranging from 300° to 400°C. The error introduced by the effect of bouyancy was so small that it was neglected upon comparison with the sensitivity of the thermobalance.From the curves obtained (Fig. 6), it has been shown that the rate of dehydration of magnesium hydroxide may be represented by the first order kinetics law at least in the initial stage. And (v′ -v)s in the equation (3), derived using Guggenheim's method were plotted against soaking time with a result giving a set of straight lines (Fig. 7).From the slopes of the straight lines the velocity constant k′s were evaluated. Furthermore, the Arrhenius plots of log k against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature of holding were drawn in Fig. 8, showing that the points lie fairly good on straight lines. From the slope of line the activation energy was evaluated with the value 23±1 kcal/mole.
Estimation of Dental Plaque Levels and Gingival Inflammation Using a Simple Oral Rinse Technique (1990)

A simple, non-invasive test (the Oratest) has recently been proposed, which provides an estimate of oral microbial levels based on the rate of oxygen depletion in expectorated milk samples. Following 30 seconds of vigorous rinsing with sterilized milk, 3 ml of the expectorate is added to a test tube containing the redox indicator, methylene blue, and the time required for a color change from blue (i.e., aerobic conditions) to white (anaerobic conditions) at the bottom of the test tube is recorded. In the present study, Oratest scores were compared to clinical parameters (Plaque Index [PI] and Gingival Index [GI]) in a group of 49 volunteers. Significant correlations were found between the logarithm of Oratest results and PI (r = -0.58; P = 0.001) as well as GI (r = -0.66; P = 0.001). The data indicate that the Oratest provides a reliable estimate of gingival inflammation, thus extending the previously reported strong correlations between Oratest scores and microbial counts. The data suggest that the Oratest may have potential as a clinical and research tool.
Low-Profile Microchannel-Plate Electron Detector System for SEM (1990)

One main impetus of present-day scanning electron microscopy is in the low accelerating voltage mode. This mode of operation is useful for nondestructive inspection especially in the on-line inspection and metrology of semiconductor samples. Today, the majority of the scanning electron microscopes used in nondestructive inspection utilize the standard Ever-hart/Thornley (E/T) detector or a modification of this detector as the main detection system. The E/T detector although extremely efficient, suffers from poor signal to noise ratio at low accelerating voltages. This type of detector also suffers from alignment difficulties especially where linewidth measurement for semiconductor applications is concerned because of the uneven distribution of the collection field which is possible, especially if the detector is not located in a plane of symmetry of the specimen and electron beam. These limitations and others have recently led investigators to reconsider the design of secondary electron detection systems especially for low accelerating voltage and metrological applications. A unique situation developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) where a high efficiency electron detector with an exceptionally low profile was needed for the highly customized scanning electron microscope based metrology instrument under development. This instrument incorporates a large laser interferometer stage in the sample chamber which is used for traceability to the national length standard. The large interferometer stage and the restrictive size and shape of the specimen chamber required the development of a lower-profile electron detector than the standard E/T detector and one which does not interfere with the stage motions and interferometry. It was decided that, since the microchan-nel-plate-type electron detector fulfilled the fundamental requirements imposed by the space restrictions, and since this type of detector is also highly efficient at low accelerating voltages, this type of detector system would be used.
Portable Fuel Cell System for Telecommunications Use (1996)

NTr has developed a portable fuel cell system(PFCSfor telecommunications systems
A flexible pressure monitoring system for pressure ulcer prevention (2009)

Pressure ulcers are painful sores that arise from prolonged exposure to high pressure points, which restricts blood flow and leads to tissue necrosis. This is a common occurrence among patients with impaired mobility, diabetics and the elderly. In this work, a flexible pressure monitoring system for pressure ulcer prevention has been developed. The prototype consists of 99 capacitive pressure sensors on a 17-cm x 22-cm sheet which is flexible in two dimensions. Due to its low cost, the sensor sheet can be disconnected from the reusable electronics and be disposed of after use, suitable for a clinical setting. Each sensor has a resolution of better than 2-mmHg and a range of 50-mmHg and offset is calibrated in software. Realtime pressure data is displayed on a computer. A maximum sampling rate of 12-Hz allows for continuous monitoring of pressure points.
A marketable quality and profitability model for corporations considering sellers and buyers market (2011)

This paper presents an evaluation model for marketable quality and profitability of corporations considering sellers and buyers market. By defining a supply level of marketable quality considering the fair relationship of sellers and buyers with a condition that "demand level is equal with supply level", we carry out the analysis of marketable quality and profitability using the real data of some leading Japanese manufacturing corporations. From our analysis we found that in the variable of profit ratio, the sum of sellers profitability and buyers profitability increases gradually by marketable quality enhancement.
Low Power Design of DCT and IDCT for Low Bit Rate Video Codecs (2004)

This paper examines low power design techniques for discrete cosine transform (DCT) and inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) circuits applicable for low bit rate wireless video systems. The techniques include skipping DCT computation of low energy macroblocks, skipping IDCT computation of blocks with all coefficients equal to zero, using lower precision constant multipliers, gating the clock, and reducing transitions in the data path. The proposed DCT and IDCT circuits reduce power dissipation by, on average, 94% over baseline reference circuits.