gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A finite element insight on reinforced concrete tunnels under fire conditions (2010)

Fire performance evaluation is becoming an important part of the overall structural perfor- mance assessment and is assuming an increasing role within international standards. Simple approaches, based on single section performance, fail often to give a realistic description of the phenomenon especial- ly for statically indeterminate structures, where thermo-mechanical coupling and non linear dependency of stress, moduli and expansion need to be accounted for. In the present work, the concrete tunnel sec- tion is discretized using longitudinal and shear truss fibers, together with stiff coupling elements where a transient heat fire analysis takes place. A single model can be thus employed to perform a full quasi static one-way-coupled thermo-mechanical analysis, where first temperatures and then internal forces are computed. Due to the number of temperature dependent constitutive relationships adopted within a sin- gle model, many simplified tuning exercises where investigated to match known results for situations where some of the simulation variables were kept constant. The computation of the internal forces by in- tegration over groups of fibers is obtained by an automatic API procedure. Finally, a case study is pre- sented where the structural performance is evaluated after 120 minutes of fire exposure for the railway tunnel located in Florence and denominated Imbocco Nord Riffredi - Opera di Scavalco - Tratto E-M part of the Italian Milano-Napoli Railway.
Management of Gene Promoter Mutations in Molecular Diagnostics (2009)

Although promoter mutation analysis is complex, often laborious, and difficult to perform, it is an essential part of the diagnosis of disease-causing promoter mutations and improves our understanding of the role of transcriptional regulation in human disease. We recommend that routine laboratories and research groups specialized in gene promoter research cooperate to expand general knowledge and diagnosis of gene-promoter defects.
The Serpin Proteinase Inhibitor 9 Is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Interleukin 1β–Converting Enzyme (Caspase-1) Activity in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

Interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE, caspase-1) regulates key steps in inflammation and immunity, by activating the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-)1beta and IL-18, or mediating apoptotic processes. We recently provided evidence for the regulation of caspase-1 activity via an endogenous inhibitor expressed by human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (Schönbeck, U., M. Herzberg, A. Petersen, C. Wohlenberg, J. Gerdes, H.-D. Flad, and H. Loppnow. 1997. J. Exp. Med. 185:1287-1294). However, the molecular identity of this endogenous inhibitor remained undefined. We report here that the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) PI-9 accounts for the endogenous caspase-1 inhibitory activity in human SMCs and prevents processing of the enzyme's natural substrates, IL-1beta and IL-18 precursor. Treatment of SMC lysates with anti-PI-9 antibody abrogated the caspase-1 inhibitory activity and coprecipitated the enzyme, demonstrating protein-protein interaction. Furthermore, PI-9 antisense oligonucleotides coordinately reduced PI-9 expression and promoted IL-1beta release. Since SMCs comprise the majority of cells in the vascular wall, and because IL-1 is implicated in atherogenesis, we tested the biological validity of our in vitro findings within human atheroma in situ. The unaffected arterial wall contains abundant and homogeneously distributed PI-9. In human atherosclerotic lesions, however, PI-9 expression correlated inversely with immunoreactive IL-1beta, supporting a potential role of the endogenous caspase-1 inhibitor in this chronic inflammatory disease. Thus, our results provide new insights into the regulation of this enzyme involved in immune and inflammatory processes of chronic inflammatory diseases, and point to an endogenous antiinflammatory action of PI-9, dysregulated in a prevalent human disease.
Vibration monitoring with high frequency response based on coherent phase-sensitive OTDR method (2011)

A coherent phase-sensitive OTDR system to detect distributed weak vibration is reported via heterodyne detection combined with moving averaging and moving differential signal processing. The location and high frequency response of weak vibration signal, such as pencil-break vibration which would match the characteristics of crack as a source of an acoustic emission signals, are easily monitored. Our experimental results show that spatial resolution of vibration is about 5m with 50 ns pump pulses, and the signal to noise ratio could be up to 6.5 dB. Also the frequency response could be up to 1 KHz. Both consecutive multiple events at the same location and multiple simultaneous events at different location with frequency components are identified which means our vibration testing system could be used for distributed multiple vibration events detection.
A national-scale authentication infrastructure (2000)

Participants in virtual organizations commonly need to share resources such as data archives, computer cycles, and networks, resources usually available only with restrictions based on the requested resource's nature and the user's identity. Thus, any sharing mechanism must have the ability to authenticate the user's identity and determine whether the user is authorized to request the resource. Virtual organizations tend to be fluid, however, so authentication mechanisms must be flexible and lightweight, allowing administrators to quickly establish and change resource-sharing arrangements. Nevertheless, because virtual organizations complement rather than replace existing institutions, sharing mechanisms cannot change local policies and must allow individual institutions to maintain control over their own resources. Our group has created and deployed an authentication and authorization infrastructure that meets these requirements: the Grid Security Infrastructure (I. Foster et al., 1998). GSI offers secure single sign-ons and preserves site control over access policies and local security. It provides its own versions of common applications, such as FTP and remote login, and a programming interface for creating secure applications. Dozens of supercomputers and storage systems already use GSI, a level of acceptance reached by few other security infrastructures.
Gain-enhanced metamaterial radome for circularly-polarized antenna (2010)

A novel cross-S-shape metamaterial structure is proposed. This metamaterial radome is suitable for circularly-polarized antenna. The radiation patterns of the patch antenna with and without metamaterial are also measured. The results show that there are 3dB improvements of the antenna gain and HPBW is also reduced,after adding metamaterial radome. The impedance bandwidth and AR bandwidth are also improved. And the efficiency is more than 70% within the operating band.
HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA as outcome predictors during therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (2008)

These analyses suggest quantitative HBeAg is a useful adjunctive measurement for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with peginterferon when considering both sensitivity and specificity compared with serum HBV DNA.
New NSF director named (1993)

President Clinton has nominated Neal F. Lane, a physicist and the Provost of Rice University in Houston, Tex., to become the next director of the National Science Foundation. Lane, 54, is a specialist in atomic physics. He earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees, including his Ph.D., from the University of Oklahoma, Norman.
Mast cell tryptases: Examination of unusual characteristics by multiple sequence alignment and molecular modeling (1992)

Tryptases are trypsin-like serine proteinases found in the granules of mast cells. Although they show 40% sequence identity with trypsin and contain only 20 or 21 additional residues, tryptases display several unusual features. Unlike trypsin, the tryptases only make limited cleavages in a few proteins and are not inhibited by natural trypsin inhibitors, they form tetramers, bind heparin, and their activity on synthetic substrates is progressively inhibited as the concentration of salt increases above 0.2 M. Unique sequence features of seven tryptases were identified by comparison to other serine proteinases. The three-dimensional structures of the tryptases were then predicted by molecular modeling based on the crystal structure of bovine trypsin. The models show two large insertions to lie on either side of the active-site cleft, suggesting an explanation for the limited activity of tryptases on protein substrates and the lack of inhibition by natural inhibitors. A group of conserved Trp residues and a unique proline-rich region make two surface hydrophobic patches that may account for the formation of tetramers and/or inhibition with increasing salt. Although they contain no consensus heparin-binding sequence, the tryptases have 10-13 more His residues than trypsin, and these are positioned on the surface of the model. In addition, clustering of Arg and Lys residues may also contribute to heparin binding. Putative Asn-linked glycosylation sites are found on the opposite side of the model from the active site. The model provides structural explanations for some to the unusual characteristics of the tryptases and a rational basis for future experiments, such as site-directed mutagenesis.
Preparation of acyltetronic acids using t-butyl acetothioacetate: total synthesis of the fungal metabolites carolic, carlosic, and carlic acids (1987)

Dianions generated from S-t-butyl acetothioacetate (1) were alkylated with a variety of electrophiles at the γ-carbon centre. Treatment of the alkylated products with 2-hydroxy esters in the presence of silver(I) salts gave transesterified acetoacetate derivatives in good yields. These acetoacetates were cyclised efficiently to acyltetronic acid derivatives using tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride in THF solution at room temperature. By an appropriate choice of substituents the total syntheses of the fungal metabolite natural products carlosic, carolic, and carlic acids have been achieved.
Research Considerations: GUARDIANSHIP AND THE VULNERABLE ELDERLY (1994)

1. The use of legal guardianship for the elderly is increasing due to the increase in numbers of vulnerable elders and the subsequent dynamic effect on their families and communities. 2. Although the guardianship system provides a necessary service, the effects on "wards of the court" can lead to further physical and psychological deterioration due to their loss of all major decision making powers. 3. There is an assumption that the closest living relative would be the best guardian. There also is an assumption that elders who are confused or disoriented in dealing with money or business affairs require full guardianship. The validity of these assumptions, without assessment and intervention of geriatric specialists, is questionable.
Book notes (1996)

J. Pinder (1995) European Community: The Building of a Union, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. i‐x, 1–277; ISBN 0 19 289265 7; £9.99 Martin Baldwin‐Edwards and Martin A. Schain (eds) (1994) The Politics of Immigration in Western Europe (Essex: Frank Cass), pp. 1–208; ISBN 0 7146 4137 5; £13.50 C. Campbell, H. Feigenbaum, R. Linden and H. Norpoth (1994) Politics and Government in Europe Today 2nd edn (Boston: Houghton Mifflin), pp. i‐xxviii, 1–658; ISBN 0 395 66128 5; £18.95 J.J. Hesse and N. Johnson (eds) (1995) Constitutional Policy and Change in Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. i‐ix, 1–403; ISBN 0 19 827991 4; £35 Susan Rose‐Ackerman (1995) Controlling Environmental Policy (London: Yale University Press), pp. i‐xi, 1–244; ISBN 0 300 06065 3; £20 Jonathan Michie and John Grieve Smith (eds) (1995) Managing the Global Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 343; ISBN 0 198 28968 5; cloth £45, paper £14.99
Osteopontin is a novel marker of pancreatic ductal tissues and of undifferentiated pancreatic precursors in mice (2006)

Matricellular proteins mediate both tissue morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis in important ways because they modulate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. In this study, we found that the matricellular protein osteopontin (Opn) is a novel marker of undifferentiated pancreatic precursors and pancreatic ductal tissues in mice. Our analysis also underscored a specific, dynamic profile of Opn expression in embryonic pancreatic tissues that suggests the participation of this protein's function in processes involving cell migration, cell-cell interactions, or both. Surprisingly, our analysis of Opn-deficient pancreata did not reveal obvious alterations in the morphology or differentiation of these tissues. Therefore, in embryonic pancreatic tissues, it is possible that other proteins act redundantly to Opn or that this protein's function is dispensable for pancreas development. Finally, the maintenance of Opn expression in pancreatic tissues of adults argues for a possible function of this protein in injury and pathologic responses.
Computational imaging systems for iris recognition (2004)

Computational imaging systems are modern systems that consist of generalized aspheric optics and image processing capability. These systems can be optimized to greatly increase the performance above systems consisting solely of traditional optics. Computational imaging technology can be used to advantage in iris recognition applications. A major difficulty in current iris recognition systems is a very shallow depth-of-field that limits system usability and increases system complexity. We first review some current iris recognition algorithms, and then describe computational imaging approaches to iris recognition using cubic phase wavefront encoding. These new approaches can greatly increase the depth-of-field over that possible with traditional optics, while keeping sufficient recognition accuracy. In these approaches the combination of optics, detectors, and image processing all contribute to the iris recognition accuracy and efficiency. We describe different optimization methods for designing the optics and the image processing algorithms, and provide laboratory and simulation results from applying these systems and results on restoring the intermediate phase encoded images using both direct Wiener filter and iterative conjugate gradient methods.
Availability in the Echo File System (1993)

The Echo file system project explored several issues in the design and implementation of distributed file systems. This paper describes the aspects of the Echo design that are related to providing high availability. These aspects include the provision of redundant components (replicated disks and backup servers), the replication of information, and recovery from failures. Further, we discuss some less obvious mechanisms needed for providing truly high availability: load control, dynamic reconfiguration of the system, and the detection and reporting of faults. Finally, we discuss some of the impact of our availability mechanisms on application software.
Method for setting the absolute frequency of a tunable, 1.5 mu m two-section DBR laser (1990)

A technique for setting the absolute frequency of a 1.5- mu m two-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser using an Er:YAG optical filter as a frequency discriminator is described. The absolute frequency of the laser was controlled with an accuracy better than 300 MHz over a tuning range of several hundred gigahertz. The frequency drift with laser temperature was -130 MHz/ degrees C, and the tuning rate with current in the active region was 40 MHz/mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications, 2nd ed. (1998)

First Page
The chemistry of N-substituted 3-amino-1H-2-benzopyran-1-ones and 5-amino-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-ones. Ene-type reactions involving transfer of acyl groups. X-Ray crystal structure of cis-3,4-dihydro-4-morpholinocarbonyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one (1978)

The (secondary amino)-1H-2-benzopyran-1-ones (1) add numerous aromatic aldehydes to yield geometrically isomeric lactones (7) in a manner that constitutes an ene reaction in which an acyl group is transferred. Analogous dihydrobenzopyranones (14) and (15) were obtained from cyclohexanone and diphenylketen. Addition to imines gave dihydroisoquinolones (16) and (17), phenyl isocyanate yielded the tetrahydroisoquinolinedione (18), and nitrosobenzene and carbon disulphide afforded the adducts (19) and (25), respectively. The morpholinobenzopyran-1-one (1a) added to the azo-group of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to yield compound (20); a similar reaction with arenediazonium salts resulted in the phthalazinone derivatives (23). Addition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate produced the naphthol (26); trans-β-nitrostyrene afforded a mixture of two geometrically isomeric tetralones (27) and (28) with retained configuration. The unisolable morpholinobutenolide (30a) was intercepted by reaction with aromatic aldehydes and with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to yield the adducts cis- and trans-(31), and (32), respectively. N-t-Butylsuccinisoimide reacts as the enamine tautomer (30b) with p-nitrobenzaldehyde, forming the γ-lactones (31d). X-Ray diffraction of the cis-isomer of 3,4-dihydro-4-morpholinocarbonyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one (7a) shows that the p-nitrophenyl group is equatorial and the morpholinocarbonyl substituent axial.
Weaning calves early (1975)

Growth rate of 38 calves after being weaned at an average of 91.6 days was compared with growing rate of 37 calves averaging 91.2 days of age and continuing to nurse their mothers the same period. Average daily gains (lbs.) were 3.09 for the early weaned calves and 3.23 for those nursing their mothers the same 128 days. TDN consumption (lbs.) for each early-weaned calf and its mother for the 128-days from May 22 to September 27 was 2,714.8, and 3,215.2 for nursing calves and their mothers.
Human M-Ficolin Is a Secretory Protein That Activates the Lectin Complement Pathway (2005)

Three types of ficolins have been identified in humans: L-ficolin, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin. Similar to mannose-binding lectin, L-ficolin and H-ficolin are the recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. Another human ficolin, M-ficolin, is a nonserum ficolin that is expressed in leukocytes and lung; however, little is known about its physiologic roles. In this study, we report the characterization of M-ficolin in terms of its protein localization and lectin activity. M-ficolin was localized in secretory granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, monocytes, and type II alveolar epithelial cells in lung. M-ficolin precipitated with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASP)-1 and MASP-2 in a co-immunoprecipitation assay, indicating that M-ficolin forms complexes with MASP-1 and MASP-2. M-ficolin-MASP complexes activated complement on N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-coated microplates in a C4 deposition assay. M-ficolin bound to several neoglycoproteins bearing GlcNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, suggesting that M-ficolin can recognize the common carbohydrate residues found in microbes. Indeed, M-ficolin bound to Staphylococcus aureus through GlcNAc. These results indicate that M-ficolin, like its family members, functions as a recognition molecule of the lectin complement pathway and plays an important role in innate immunity.
On the Secrecy Rate and Optimal Power Allocation for Artificial Noise Assisted MIMOME Channels (2017)

This paper considers the artificial noise (AN) scheme, proposed by Goel and Negi for securing wireless communications over multiple-input multiple-output multiantenna eavesdropper (MIMOME) channels. In this paper, we develop a lower bound on the ergodic secrecy rate of the AN scheme and derive an analytic expression of the bound without assuming any asymptotes for system parameters. Thus, the derived bound explicitly elucidates how the system parameters exert influence on the secrecy rate in various cases to some of which the previous work cannot be applied. It will also be shown that the bound is tight over wide combinations of system parameters, and a normalized difference between the bound and secrecy rate vanishes with a growing number of antennas at the transmitter. The derived bound is analytically so amenable that it enables one to not only extend the results of the previous work but also explore untouched aspects of the AN scheme. The bound answers an intriguing question: When is the AN signal beneficial? Besides, it makes possible to study a new important system parameter called the minimum required transmit power for a certain target secrecy rate, which has never been touched before.
Room-Temperature Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy of Single Molecules by Two-Photon Excitation (1997)

We report fluorescence imaging of single dye molecules on a glass substrate by two-photon excitation with femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The single-molecule images exhibit a high signal to background ratio (>30:1) and a high spatial resolution (fwhm < λ/3). A quadratic intensity dependence of single-molecule emission rate is experimentally verified, and single-molecule emission spectra are recorded with two-photon excitation. A comparison of photobleaching rates is made between one-photon and two-photon excitation schemes.
Is This to Be the Glory of Our Brave Men?: The New Mexico Civil War Journal and Letters of Dr. Henry Jacob "Hal" Hunter (2000)

is small cascade of solid rock.32
Securing VNF communication in NFVI (2017)

In a modern telco cloud, network functions are performed by groups of single or interconnected virtual machines (VMs), which form virtualized network functions (VNFs). Securing these VNFs is both important and challenging, since the VNFs might be performing some mission critical operations and exchanging sensitive information among each other. The problem lies in the implementation of current cloud infrastructure where security of traffic is not considered at large. The exchanged traffic among VNFs is mostly unencrypted and subject to eavesdropping. In this paper, we present possible approaches along with the implementation setup to solve the problem of securing communication among VNFs. We also discuss performance overhead measurements of our testbed setup along with relevant challenges and directions for future work.
Multirate Charge-Domain Filter Design for RF-Sampling Multi-Standard Receiver (2014)

This paper proposes a reconfigurable decimator architecture for a multi-standard receiver front-end. This architecture is based on direct radio-frequency bandpass sampling and analog discrete-time multirate signal processing. The overall front-end consists of a low-noise amplifier followed by a tunable charge-domain sampler, a reconfigurable decimator, and an analog-to-digital converter. The proposed decimator is constructed as a cascade of four switched-capacitor filtering stages. The frequency responses and the decimation factors of these stages are digitally controllable thus enabling high reconfigurability. The advantages of the proposed design are a high image rejection, a low overall implementation complexity, and high flexibility. The feasibility of the design is evaluated by computer simulations.