gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristics for Detecting ESP-NULL Packets (2010)

This document describes a set of heuristics for distinguishing IPsec ESP-NULL (Encapsulating Security Payload without encryption) packets from encrypted ESP packets. These heuristics can be used on intermediate devices, like traffic analyzers, and deep-inspection engines, to quickly decide whether or not a given packet flow is encrypted, i.e., whether or not it can be inspected. Use of these heuristics does not require any changes made on existing IPsec hosts that are compliant with RFC 4303.
Generation of therapeutic T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice by in vitro sensitization. Culture requirements and characterization of immunologic specificity. (1988)

We have previously established an in vitro sensitization (IVS) procedure with which lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice could be expanded and sensitized to acquire antitumor reactivity capable of mediating the regression of established pulmonary metastases from the weakly immunogenic MCA 105 murine sarcoma. Culture conditions required for the optimal generation of therapeutic effector cells were evaluated in the current study. Generation of effector cells by IVS required stimulation by intact tumor cells. Tumor cells killed by heat or disrupted by sonication were ineffective, but the antigenicity of tumor cells was not affected by gamma-irradiation. Long term established tumor cell lines could also serve as antigenic stimulator cells albeit with lower efficiency than fresh tumor cells. IL-2 was essential for cellular proliferation during IVS. The concentration of 1000 U/ml of IL-2 also induced nonspecific lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. However, cytotoxic cells were generated during IVS in response to a broad range of IL-2 concentrations. At low IL-2 concentrations (2 to 10 U/ml), IVS cells were generated which displayed little or no LAK activity, had a greater therapeutic efficacy than those generated with high concentrations of IL-2 (100 to 1000 U/ml). Despite having high LAK activity, IVS cells, from cultures where IL-2 was added 3 or more days after initiation, had no therapeutic effect. Thus, the generation of therapeutic cells occurred independently of LAK cell production. Adoptive immunotherapy with IVS cells from MCA 105 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated cross-reactivity with the immunologically distinct MCA 106 but not the nonimmunogenic MCA 102 tumor. In contrast, IVS cells from MCA 106 tumor-bearing mice exhibited specific in vivo reactivity. In vitro cytotoxicity analyses revealed that IVS cells from MCA 105 and MCA 106 tumor-bearing mice were able to lyse both MCA 105 and MCA 106 target cells, but the reactivity toward inoculating tumors was highest. Considering previous findings that the MCA 105 and MCA 106 sarcomas possessed distinct tumor-specific transplantation Ag, the cross-reactivity observed in this study suggests that the immune response during progressive tumor growth may be different from that elicited in response to active immunization.
Text input for mobile devices (2001)

A study was conducted to obtain performance data for entering text on a mobile phone in order to compare it to performance predictions based on two different mathematical models. Speed data was obtained for two text input methods, T9 Text Input and Multi-tap. While the direction of the results was the same for both the performance data and both model predicitons (with predictive text entry being faster than Multi-tap text entry), the results for all three differed in magnitude. Suggestions for this discrepancy are provided. In addition, in order to help shape future models, additional results are presented for both input methods to show how both accuracy and speed performance varies based on user experience and text subject matter.
TopChurn (2015)

With the onset of social media and news aggregators on the Web, the newspaper industry is faced with a declining subscriber base. In order to retain customers both on-line and in print, it is therefore critical to predict and mitigate customer churn. Newspapers typically have heterogeneous sources of valuable data: circulation data, customer subscription information, news content, and search click log data. An ensemble of predictive models over multiple sources faces unique challenges -- ascertaining short-term versus long-term effects of features on churn, and determining mutual information properties across multiple data sources. We present TopChurn, a novel system that uses topic models as a means of extracting dominant features from user complaints and Web data for churn prediction. TopChurn uses a maximum entropy-based approach to identify features that are most indicative of subscribers likely to drop subscription within a specified period of time. We conduct temporal analyses to determine long-term versus short-term effects of status changes on subscriber accounts, included in our temporal models of churn; and topic and sentiment analyses on news and clicklogs, included in our Web models of churn. We then validate our insights via experiments over real data from The Columbus Dispatch, a mainstream daily newspaper, and demonstrate that our churn models significantly outperform baselines for various prediction windows.
Artificial photosynthesis: Efficient dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for direct conversion of visible light to electricity (1994)

Reference LPI-ARTICLE-1994-038View record in Web of Science Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
Multilayer X-ray mirrors based on La/B4C and La/B9C (2010)

Multilayer X-ray mirrors that are based on La/B4C and La/B9C and intended for the reflection of X-ray radiation in the spectral region near λ = 6.7 nm are prepared and studied. Reflection coefficients at a level of 40–60% are achieved for mirrors with various periods. The difference in the interlayer roughnesses reconstructed from the data measured in the hard and soft X-ray spectral regions is explained using a structural model with an asymmetric permittivity profile in a mirror period. A proximate technique is developed to estimate the permittivity profile in a multilayer-structure period using reflectometry data. The effect of antidiffusion Sn, Cr, and Mo barriers on the reflection coefficient of multilayer La/B4C structures is studied experimentally
Low‐Pass Filters (2005)

Abstract A lowpass filter suppresses the high‐frequency components of a signal, leaving intact the low‐frequency ones. An approach to design a circuit (a lowpass filter) whose frequency response satisfies the lowpass requirements consists of two steps: approximation of the requirements by a transfer function and synthesis of the transfer function. There are several approximation methods, for instance, Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev, and Cauer approximations. A transfer function obtained by one method is different from those obtained by the others, and has different properties. However, the frequency response of each of the transfer functions satisfies the lowpass requirements.
A dual polarized aperture coupled circular patch antenna using a c-shaped coupling slot (2003)

The design and development of a dual linearly polarized aperture coupled circular microstrip patch antenna at C-band are presented. The antenna uses a novel configuration of symmetric and asymmetric coupling slots. Variations in isolation between orthogonal feedlines and antenna axial ratio with the position of coupling slots are studied and broadband isolation and axial ratio are achieved. The prototype antenna yields 7.6 dBi peak gain, 70/spl deg/ 3-dB beam width, 25 dB cross-polarization levels and an isolation better than 28 dB between the two ports. With an external quadrature hybrid coupler connected to the two orthogonal feedlines, the antenna yields 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of more than 30% at 5.8 GHz.
Creating Anti-icing Surfaces via the Direct Immobilization of Antifreeze Proteins on Aluminum (2015)

Cryoprotectants such as antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and sugar molecules may provide a solution for icing problems. These anti-icing substances protect cells and tissues from freezing by inhibiting ice formation. In this study, we developed a method for coating an industrial metal material (aluminum, Al) with AFP from the Antarctic marine diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile (Cn-AFP), to prevent or delay ice formation. To coat Al with Cn-AFP, we used an Al-binding peptide (ABP) as a conjugator and fused it with Cn-AFP. The ABP bound well to the Al and did not considerably change the functional properties of AFP. Cn-AFP-coated Al (Cn-AFP-Al) showed a sufficiently low supercooling point. Additional trehalose coating of Cn-AFP-Al considerably delayed AFP denaturation on the Al without affecting its antifreeze activity. This metal surface-coating method using trehalose-fortified AFP can be applied to other metals important in the aircraft and cold storage fields where anti-icing materials are critical.
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene of Helicobacter pylori cagA (2002)

AIM To amplify and clone the middle region of Helicobacter pylori cag A gene, and express the proteins in E.coli . METHODS After the cag 1 and cag 2 were amplified by PCR and sequencd by dideoxy methods, they were inserted into expression vector pBV220 in which exogenous genewas controlled by P RP L promoters. The recombinant plasmids pBV cag 1 and pBV cag 2 were transformed into E.coli DH5α and induced at 42℃ respectively to express the encoded proteins. RESULTS The middle region of cag A was amplified and 975, 755 bp products were got as cag 1, cag 2, which were cloned into pUC19 and sequenced correctly. Then, their recombination expression clones pBV cag A1 and pBV cag A2 were constructed. When their engineered bactera were induced, the anticipated M r 36×10 3 and 27.9×10 3 proteins band appeared on SDS PAGE gel and amounted to 36% and 24% of total bacterial protein respectively. CONCLUSION The H.pylori cag A middle region might be successfully cloned and efficiently expressed fractionally in E.coli .
Bidirectional dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter with triple-phase-shift control (2013)

A novel triple phase-shift (TPS) control strategy to extend the soft-switching operating range of the isolated bidirectional dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter and achieve high efficiency in a large operating range is proposed. Controlled by the TPS scheme, four typical operating modes are identified with respect to the characterization of phase-shift groups. The power characteristics of operating modes are presented in terms of reactive power and rms current. The comparative analysis of the peak value of inductor current and efficiency for TPS and conventional PS (CPS) control are also presented. The improvement of efficiency is determined by the proper selection of operating modes and phase-shift group. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.
Metal‐Ceramic Interactions: I, Factors Affecting Fabrication and Properties of Cermet Bodies (1953)

The fundamentals of cermet fabrication and properties of cermet bodies are considered. These include metal‐ceramic reactions, surface and interfacial energies, constituent properties, and the effect of the dispersed state on the properties. These factors affect metal‐ceramic bonding, body composition, and phase distribution, which are important in fabrication and to properties. Strength, oxidation resistance, thermal conductivity, and thermal‐shock resistance also are considered.
Acid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Canola Oil to Biodiesel under Single- and Two-Phase Reaction Conditions (2007)

Experiments were performed at ambient temperature to investigate the effects of mass transfer during the transesterification reaction of canola oil with methanol (MeOH) to form fatty acid methyl esters using a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) catalyst at a MeOH/oil molar ratio of 6:1. Experiments at ambient conditions resulted in reaction rates that were slow enough to permit the effects of mass transfer on the transesterification reaction to become more evident than at higher temperatures. For the two-phase experiments, it was postulated that the reaction occurred at the interface between the phases where the triglycerides (TG), MeOH, and H2SO4 were in contact with one another. The influence of mass transfer was investigated by (a) comparing a mixed versus quiescent two-phase reaction and (b) changing a two-phase reaction to a single-phase reaction through the addition of a solvent, tetrahydrofuran. The experiments revealed the presence of an induction period prior to the initiation of the reaction, and some of the factors influencing the induction period were identified.
Use of Conjoint Analysis to Assess Breast Cancer Patient Preferences for Chemotherapy Side Effects (2014)

This study identified relative preferences among both mild/moderate to severe side effects from the patient perspective. Patients appear to be willing to make trade-offs between side effects and different regimens. These findings may help to inform medical decision-making processes.
[Retinal vein occlusion followed by ischemic optic neuropathy with anticardiolipin IgG antibody: a case report]. (2009)

The staining of the vessel wall and the effectiveness of TA suggest that vasculitis may be associated with the pathology of this condition. The presence of anticardiolipin IgG antibodies suggests that autoimmune mechanism is involved in the vasculitis.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (1966)

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (recurrent aphthae) is a disease of man characterized by painful, recurrent, single or multiple necrotizing ulcerations of mucosal tissues. The primary cause has not been established and there is no specific therapy. Several microbial agents have been incriminated, including herpes simplex and other viruses,<i>Toxoplasma</i>, the organisms which cause Vincent's angina, and other bacterial agents including the pleomorphic, transitional L-froms of an α-hemolytic streptococcus (<i>Streptococcus sanguis</i>) (see reviews for references<sup>1-3</sup>). Recurrence may be precipitated by trauma, hormonal changes in women, physical or psychic stress, and chemical irritants. The disease has been associated with allergic and genetic factors. Moreover, recurrent aphthae is often erroneously confused with herpes simplex infection and it may have clinical and histological aspects in common with Behcet's, Stevens-Johnson, and Reiter's syndrome. No less than 20 different synonyms have been used to characterize this disease.<sup>1-3</sup> To the practicing physician, the combined problems of
Blood use in elective surgery: the Austrian benchmark study (2007)

This study demonstrates a high intercenter variability in RBC transfusions and RBC loss in standard surgical procedures. Whereas the variability in blood loss remains largely unexplained, the main predictors for allogeneic RBC transfusions are preoperative and nadir Hb and surgical RBC loss.
Benefit of dual layer silicon nitride anti-reflection coating (2005)

Majority of commercial silicon solar cell technology around the world is based on screen print technology with or without a single or combined layer of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or recently PECVD silicon nitride. Most of the reported work on dual layer anti-reflection coating is based on two different materials. Less work has been done on dual layer silicon nitride for this purpose. In this work, a simple approach is presented to utilize dual layer silicon nitride. An improvement in weighted average reflectance has been achieved compared to single layer silicon nitride layer by this approach.
Nervous System Regionalization Entails Axial Allocation before Neural Differentiation (2018)

Neural induction in vertebrates generates a CNS that extends the rostral-caudal length of the body. The prevailing view is that neural cells are initially induced with anterior (forebrain) identity; caudalizing signals then convert a proportion to posterior fates (spinal cord). To test this model, we used chromatin accessibility to define how cells adopt region-specific neural fates. Together with genetic and biochemical perturbations, this identified a developmental time window in which genome-wide chromatin-remodeling events preconfigure epiblast cells for neural induction. Contrary to the established model, this revealed that cells commit to a regional identity before acquiring neural identity. This "primary regionalization" allocates cells to anterior or posterior regions of the nervous system, explaining how cranial and spinal neurons are generated at appropriate axial positions. These findings prompt a revision to models of neural induction and support the proposed dual evolutionary origin of the vertebrate CNS.
Fabrication of Crystalline, Highly Ordered Three‐Dimensional Silica Monoliths (HOM‐<i>n</i>) with Large, Morphological Mesopore Structures (2003)

Highly ordered silica monoliths (see Figure) with three‐dimensional structures have been fabricated using microemulsion lyotropic liquid crystal phases of Brij 56 as templates under acidic conditions, without loss of the mesoscopic order. The results reveal that the synthetic methodology can effectively control the 3D mesopore morphology. Crystalline, millimeter‐sized particles and various geometrical cubic phases have been synthesized.
Programmable interleaver design for analog iterative decoders (2002)

Several programmable analog interleaver architectures for iterative decoders are proposed. The architectures are evaluated in terms of transistor count, path resistance, path capacitance, and programming logic. Interleavers built out of networks consisting of three layers of small crossbars are often deemed the best, reducing both switch count and capacitance by over 70% for an interleaver size of 100, as opposed to full crossbars, while maintaining full programmability.
Properties of a unique catalase isolated from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1978)

The properties of an unusual catalase isolated from Aspergillus niger are reported. The enzyme, which has a molecular weight of 323 000, consists of four subunits and is highly resistant to sodium azide.
Grindstone chemistry: (diacetoxyiodo)benzene-mediated oxidative nuclear halogenation of arenes using NaCl, NaBr or I<sub>2</sub> (2006)

A technique of “Grindstone chemistry” is applied to the solvent-free halogenation of arenes with NaCl, NaBr or I 2 using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene as the oxidant. Improved yields and higher purities of the products are observed compared with those from established methods.
Nitrilase and Its Application as a ‘Green’ Catalyst (2006)

Hydrolase-catalyzed reactions have been widely applied in organic synthesis. Nitrilases are an important class of hydrolase that converts naturally occurring, as well as xenobiotically derived, nitriles to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. Because of their inherent enantio- and regioselectivities and other benefits, nitrilases are attractive as 'green', mild, and selective catalysts for setting stereogenic centers in fine-chemical synthesis and enantiospecific synthesis of a variety of carboxylic acid derivatives. In this review, the literature has been surveyed to provide a comprehensive coverage of the application of nitrilases in organic synthesis. Literature has also been cited to describe the isolation and/or characterization of nitrilases and related enzymes.
Effects of Ceftobiprole and Oxacillin on <i>mecA</i> Expression in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Clinical Isolates (2009)

Induction of mecA by ceftobiprole and oxacillin in 18 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with various SCCmec cassettes was examined using reverse transcriptase PCR. The magnitude of mecA induction, 3- to 65-fold for ceftobiprole and 2- to 69-fold for oxacillin, did not correlate with ceftobiprole MICs (<or=4 microg/ml), although the 11 isolates with at least 13-fold induction by oxacillin all had oxacillin MICs of >or=256 microg/ml. No correlation between magnitude of induction and SCCmec type was found.
Wing Loss for Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

We present a new loss function, namely Wing loss, for robust facial landmark localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We first compare and analyse different loss functions including L2, L1 and smooth L1. The analysis of these loss functions suggests that, for the training of a CNN-based localisation model, more attention should be paid to small and medium range errors. To this end, we design a piece-wise loss function. The new loss amplifies the impact of errors from the interval (-w, w) by switching from L1 loss to a modified logarithm function. To address the problem of under-representation of samples with large out-of-plane head rotations in the training set, we propose a simple but effective boosting strategy, referred to as pose-based data balancing. In particular, we deal with the data imbalance problem by duplicating the minority training samples and perturbing them by injecting random image rotation, bounding box translation and other data augmentation approaches. Last, the proposed approach is extended to create a two-stage framework for robust facial landmark localisation. The experimental results obtained on AFLW and 300W demonstrate the merits of the Wing loss function, and prove the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Resorbable Mesh Based on Calcium Alginate for Bone Reconstruction Surgical Technologies (2008)

Current resorbable membranes are generally from animal origin, like collagen, and are largely used in dentistry or orthopaedic for TGR (Tissue Guided Regeneration), in neurosurgery for Dura matter healing and others. Calcium alginates are generally used for wound dressing (external uses). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic property of meshes realized with calcium alginate fibers. Membrane meshes were implanted in critical size defect of rabbit femoral epiphysis during 3 and 6 weeks. Micro CT and histological analysis demonstrated biocompatibility of calcium alginate meshes in bony area. Calcium alginate meshes have no osteogenic and osteoconductive properties, however calcium alginate meshes could be a good candidate for replacement of dacron balloon used in vertebroplasty.
Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass (1988)

Renewable biomass (harvest and process residues in forestry and agricultural operations, specific terrestrial or aquatic crops grown for fuel, often animal wastes, refuse derived fiber, etc.) represents an important energy resource in the United States, with future potentials especially important as fossil fuels are depleted (1). Biomass is however generally poorly suited for direct energy use, with pretreatments necessary for altering physical and chemical form. Moisture content can be in excess of 50%, so costs of collection, transportation, and energy conversion become relatively inefficient. Further, biomass availability (e.g., from row crops) is sometimes seasonal, so storage is necessary. As biomass can spoil, it has to be covered and processed soon after receipt. Fortunately, thermal conversion processes are somewhat insensitive to type, form and shape, and can convert biomass into stable, storable and transportable energy forms, and in physical or chemical forms that can be used in higher efficiency energy conversion