gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Free Energy Perturbation Calculations to the Enantioselective Binding of Peptides to<i>C</i><sub>3</sub>-Symmetric Synthetic Receptors (1996)

Free energy perturbation (FEP) is applied to the calculation of the enantioselectivity in binding of three peptide guest molecules to certain C3-symmetric synthetic receptors. The calculations are able to reproduce the observed trends in enantioselection with errors ≤0.7 kcal/mol, and the agreement with experiment is the best with those guests which form stronger complexes. We find that the weakly bound guests sample more conformational space in the receptor complex than do the more strongly binding guests. These results indicate that obtaining the necessary converged ensemble averages is more challenging for the more weakly binding guests because their complexes are structurally more poorly defined. Our simulations also suggest that the high enantioselectivities observed with our receptors arise in large part from the ability of the preferred guest peptides to form, on average, a greater number of hydrogen bonds with the receptor.
Total Synthesis of a Marine Alkaloid from the Tunicate <i>Dendrodoa grossularia</i> (2008)

A short synthesis of an indole marine alkaloid (1) from the tunicate Dendrodoa grossularia is described. The key step in the synthesis involves a novel twist on an underutilized oxazole rearrangement, which produces the quaternary stereocenter in the molecule.
Breast light scanning: a real-time breast-imaging modality. (1983)

A total of 450 patients was referred for real time transillumination of both breasts. Of these, 84 were investigated by either cyst aspiration or excisional biopsy within two months of the breast light scan. Fourteen malignant and 70 benign lesions were correctly diagnosed by light scanning preoperatively. X-ray mammography produced four false negative results in this same group of patients. Two of the malignant lesions diagnosed by light scanning were not palpable. Light scanning had a sensitivity of .93 in the detection of breast cancer and a specificity of .89 in this study, following correlation with biopsy or cyst aspiration. Although mammography is still the reference technique in breast screening, real time light scanning by an experienced operator and interpreter should be an important adjunct in any clinic responsible for evaluating breast disease. The technique has the advantage of being safe, painless, noninvasive, and using no ionizing radiation. The technique is also acceptable to patients. It requires no preparation, and examination time rarely exceeds 15 minutes.
Increased Fitness of Rice Plants to Abiotic Stress Via Habitat Adapted Symbiosis: A Strategy for Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change (2011)

Climate change and catastrophic events have contributed to rice shortages in several regions due to decreased water availability and soil salinization. Although not adapted to salt or drought stress, two commercial rice varieties achieved tolerance to these stresses by colonizing them with Class 2 fungal endophytes isolated from plants growing across moisture and salinity gradients.Plant growth and development, water usage, ROS sensitivity and osmolytes were measured with and without stress under controlled conditions.The endophytes conferred salt, drought and cold tolerance to growth chamber and greenhouse grown plants. Endophytes reduced water consumption by 20-30% and increased growth rate, reproductive yield, and biomass of greenhouse grown plants. In the absence of stress, there was no apparent cost of the endophytes to plants, however, endophyte colonization decreased from 100% at planting to 65% compared to greenhouse plants grown under continual stress (maintained 100% colonization).These findings indicate that rice plants can exhibit enhanced stress tolerance via symbiosis with Class 2 endophytes, and suggest that symbiotic technology may be useful in mitigating impacts of climate change on other crops and expanding agricultural production onto marginal lands.
Productivity evaluation model of binder-jetting additive manufacturing processes (2015)

The interests towards Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are rapidly rising due to their great potential in new product design possibilities and the reduction of environmental impacts. Currently AM technologies are largely investigated in automotive, aerospace and medical equipment industries on design, production quality and manufacturability aspects. Due to its inherited layer by layer fabrication process, there is a concern regarding to the manufacturing efficiency of AM processes. However, there is very limited research on productivity of AM, which includes the time consumption, raw material consumption and the production efficiency. This paper presents a simulation method to assess the productivity of AM. Based on this method, a productivity model of Binder-Jetting AM technology is created. Binder-Jetting AM (BJAM) is one of the commercialized AM technologies which can process a variety of materials including stainless steel, ceramic, sand and polymer. Process decomposition is performed to analyze the BJAM printing process. Curing and sintering process as well as manual processing procedure are also included as part of a complete production system of BJAM. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model is developed in order to evaluate the whole production process and the production-consumption relation. Experiments are conducted in order to collect data on operation and manipulation time of the machine and actual material consumption. Based on experimental data, an evaluation algorithm has been developed in estimating the time and material consumption as a function of part geometry and process parameters. Several process parameters are taken into account, including the layer thickness, spreading speed, drying time, binder saturation, drying power and curing and sintering profiles. Furthermore, the production efficiency is assessed on adapted Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Machine Availability, Machine Efficiency, Material Efficiency, Material Consumption Ratio, Waste Ratio and Machine Preparation degree are considered. An estimation of the production time, material consumption as well as the KPIs from the given STL design file and the recommended process parameters is given as the output of the productivity model. Finally, A Case study is performed to validate the BJAM algorithms and productivity model. The result shows that the Productivity Model can provide reliable estimation of the time and material consumption of the BJAM production system.
The Porcine Sodium/Iodide Symporter Gene Exhibits an Uncommon Expression Pattern Related to the Use of Alternative Splice Sites not Present in the Human or Murine Species (2003)

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a membrane protein mediating the active transport of iodide into the thyroid gland. NIS, expressed by human, rat, and mouse thyrocytes, is encoded by a single transcript. We identified NIS mRNA species of 3.5 and 3 kb in porcine thyrocytes. Because porcine thyrocytes in primary culture is a widely used experimental system for thyroid iodide metabolism, we further examined the origin and the function of the porcine NIS (pNIS) transcripts. We generated a porcine thyroid cDNA library from which four different clones, pNIS-D, F, J, and Delta J were isolated. pNIS-D encodes a protein of 643 amino acids highly homologous to the human, rat, and mouse NIS. pNIS-F and J differ from each other and from pNIS-D in their C-terminal part. pNIS-Delta J lacks a six-amino-acid segment within the putative transmembrane domain 10. Transiently expressed in Cos-7 cells, the four pNIS-cDNAs led to the synthesis of proteins targeted at the plasma membrane and conferred perchlorate-sensitive iodide uptake activities to Cos-7 cells, except pNIS-Delta J, which was devoid of activity. PNIS-D probably derives from the 3.5-kb transcript and pNIS-F, J, and Delta J from the 3-kb transcript. The relative abundance of pNIS-D, F, and J transcripts in porcine thyrocytes was about 60%, 35%, and 5%, respectively; the Delta J transcript was not present in detectable amount. By comparing porcine NIS genomic and cDNA sequences, splice donor and acceptor sites accounting for the generation of pNIS-F, J, and Delta J transcripts were identified. None of the combinations of alternative splice sites found in the pig was present in the human, rat or mouse NIS gene. Our data show that porcine NIS gene, contrary to the NIS gene from other species, gives rise to splice variants leading to three active and one inactive NIS proteins.
Electro-optic applications of ferroelectric liquid crystals to optical computing (1988)

Abstract The surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) electro-optic device is superior in many regards to other available optical and electro-optical switching devices for optical computing applications requiring the parallel operation of a large number of elements. The SSFLC device's large interaction with light, stemming from its large permanent birefringence, allows individual electro-optic elements to be small in size and hence allows the fabrication of many-element arrays on substrates of size convenient for optical systems. Further, its low switching energy allows these dense arrays to be operated at high speeds without unmanageable power dissipations, while its bistability allows its use as a high speed memory. We examine the fundamental physical limitations to the performance of the SSFLC device in parallel applications, and show that million element devices with microsecond switching times are feasible, allowing terabit/second data throughput rates. We also present prototype optical logic gates that represent their binary values with the two orthogonal components of linearly polarized light. Although these prototype optical logic gates are electrically addressed, we show how simple, sensitive optically addressed devices that retain the FLC's speed can be made with amorphous silicon photosensitive layers.
Adaptive triangular-quadrilateral mesh generation (1998)

In this paper, we begin by recalling an adaptive mesh generation method governed by isotropic and anisotropic discrete metric maps, by means of the generation of a unit mesh with respect to a Riemannian structure. We propose then an automatic triangular to quadrilateral mesh conversion scheme, which generalizes the standard case to the anisotropic context. In addition, we introduce an optimal vertex smoothing procedure. Application test examples, in particular a CFD test, are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A RAPID ESTERIFICATION BY MIXED ANHYDRIDE AND ITS APPLICATION TO LARGE‐RING LACTONIZATION (1979)

Abstract Anhand von Vorversuchen an den gemischten Anhydriden [2‐Methyl‐pentanoyl]‐aroylanhydrid wie (III) mit unterschiedlichstem Benzoylteil (Umesterung mit tBuOH) erwies sich das Anhydrid mit Trichlorbenzoyl‐Teil als besonders geeignet.
Thermal conductivity of molding compounds for plastic packaging (1994)

Alumina-loaded new molding compounds feature a thermal conductivity up to 1.5 W/mK, a water uptake smaller than 0.2 weight %, a coefficient of thermal expansion of 10 ppm/K, and an excellent popcorn resistance (0 cracks from 6). The thermal conductivity of such particulate-loaded polymers has been investigated as a function of the volume content (0-80%) of aluminum oxide, quartz, and fused quartz. The thermal expansion and the specific heat have also been recorded. A new model allows one to calculate the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion within a couple of percent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetics and mechanism of acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the diazo functional group of diazophenylacetamide (2003)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of diazophenylacetamide giving mandelamide as product was found to occur with a normal ( k H / k D >1) hydronium ion isotope effect and to be subject to general acid rather than specific hydronium ion catalysis. This shows that the reaction occurs by rate‐determining hydron transfer from the catalyzing acid to the diazo carbon atom of the substrate, followed by rapid displacement of the diazo group by water. Comparison of the rate of this reaction with those of the same process for other diazophenylacetic acid functional derivatives, PhCN 2 COX, reveals that the reactivity of these substrates is controlled by the electron‐releasing resonance ability of the group X. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatically degradable heparin-polyethylene glycol gels with controlled mechanical properties (2009)

A new class of biodegradable materials was prepared by combining polyethylene glycol, heparin, and a matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable peptide sequence into a well-defined hydrogel network which mimics native extracellular matrices in its ability to provide mechanical support and chemical signals as well as elicit a dynamic reciprocal response.
Modulation of cardiac Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes by protein kinase C (1992)

L-Type calcium channel was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with RNAs coding for different cardiac Ca2+ channel subunits, or with total heart RNA. The effects of activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the phorbol ester PMA (4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) were studied. Currents through channels composed of the main (alpha 1) subunit alone were initially increased and then decreased by PMA. A similar biphasic modulation was observed when the alpha 1 subunit was expressed in combination with alpha 2/delta, beta and/or gamma subunits, and when the channels were expressed following injection of total rat heart RNA. No effects on the voltage dependence of activation were observed. The effects of PMA were blocked by staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor. beta subunit moderate the enhancement caused by PMA. We conclude that both enhancement and inhibition of cardiac L-type Ca2+ currents by PKC are mediated via an effect on the alpha 1 subunit, while the beta subunit may play a mild modulatory role.
Characterization of polyurethane foams from soybean oil (2002)

Abstract Modified soy‐based vegetable oil polyols were successfully incorporated as a replacement for conventional polyols to produce flexible slabstock polyurethane foams. The oil was characterized for its hydroxyl value and fatty acid composition. The modified oils had higher hydroxyl values and lower unsaturated acids than regular unmodified oils. Three different modified polyols were used to investigate the reactivity with isocyanates. The effects on the foaming reaction of two different isocyanates, namely TDI and MDI, were investigated. The reactions were also carried out with a mixture of polyols containing synthetic polyols and vegetable oil‐based polyols to delineate the effect of each component. FTIR technique was used to identify the sequence of chemical reactions during the foaming process. The effect of water levels and isocyanate content on the kinetics of the foaming reaction was investigated. Information regarding the formation of hard and soft segments with the varying compositions was obtained. As the water content increased, the amount of the hard segment and urea formation increased in both soy oil polyols and synthetic polyols. Increased synthetic polyols in the mixture increased the rate of reaction and phase mixing due to the availability of primary hydroxyl groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) were used to probe the morphology. As the water content increased, the cell size increased. At lower water content a more uniform cell structure was evident and at higher water levels hard domain size increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3097–3107, 2002
Foxo3 is required for the regulation of oxidative stress in erythropoiesis (2007)

Erythroid cells accumulate hemoglobin as they mature and as a result are highly prone to oxidative damage. However, mechanisms of transcriptional control of antioxidant defense in erythroid cells have thus far been poorly characterized. We observed that animals deficient in the forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) transcription factor died rapidly when exposed to erythroid oxidative stress-induced conditions, while wild-type mice showed no decreased viability. In view of this striking finding, we investigated the potential role of Foxo3 in the regulation of ROS in erythropoiesis. Foxo3 expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity were all enhanced during normal erythroid cell maturation. Foxo3-deficient erythrocytes exhibited decreased expression of ROS scavenging enzymes and had a ROS-mediated shortened lifespan and evidence of oxidative damage. Furthermore, loss of Foxo3 induced mitotic arrest in erythroid precursor cells, leading to a significant decrease in the rate of in vivo erythroid maturation. We identified ROS-mediated upregulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1/Sdi1) (also known as Cdkn1a) as a major contributor to the interference with cell cycle progression in Foxo3-deficient erythroid precursor cells. These findings establish an essential nonredundant function for Foxo3 in the regulation of oxidative stress, cell cycle, maturation, and lifespan of erythroid cells. These results may have an impact on the understanding of human disorders in which ROS play a role.
Real-time OFDM or Nyquist pulse generation – which performs better with limited resources? (2012)

We investigate the performance and DSP resource requirements of digitally generated OFDM and sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses. The two multiplexing techniques are of interest as they offer highest spectral efficiency. The comparison aims at determining which technology performs better with limited processing capacities of state-of-the-art FPGAs. It is shown that a novel Nyquist pulse shaping technique, based on look-up tables requires lower resource count than equivalent IFFT-based OFDM signal generation while achieving similar performance with low inter-channel guard-bands in ultra-dense WDM. Our findings are based on a resource assessment of selected DSP implementations in terms of both simulations and experimental validations. The experiments were performed with real-time software-defined transmitters using a single or three optical carriers.
Exploiting spatial locality in data caches using spatial footprints (1998)

Modern cache designs exploit spatial locality by fetching large blocks of data called cache lines on a cache miss. Subsequent references to words within the same cache line result in cache hits. Although this approach benefits from spatial locality, less than half of the data brought into the cache gets used before eviction. The unused portion of the cache line negatively impacts performance by wasting bandwidth and polluting the cache by replacing potentially useful data that would otherwise remain in the cache.This paper describes an alternative approach to exploit spatial locality available in data caches. On a cache miss, our mechanism, called Spatial Footprint Predictor (SFP), predicts which portions of a cache block will get used before getting evicted. The high accuracy of the predictor allows us to exploit spatial locality exhibited in larger blocks of data yielding better miss ratios without significantly impacting the memory access latencies. Our evaluation of this mechanism shows that the miss rate of the cache is improved, on average, by 18% in addition to a significant reduction in the bandwidth requirement.
A SURVEY OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS ABOVE TIMBERLINE ON MT. HOOD, OREGON (1967)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
A low power demodulator LSIC for personal communications: high performance coherent detection demodulator (2002)

This paper presents a low power coherent /spl pi//4-shift QPSK demodulator LSIC for personal communication systems in Japan. The developed LSIC, implemented on a CMOS 0.8 /spl mu/m standard cell with 2-V operation, achieves better frame error rate performance and lower power consumption than conventional demodulators. It uniquely employs (1) a reverse-modulation carrier recovery scheme with a -/spl pi//4 signal-phase rotator and a band-width-varied carrier filter, (2) a clock recovery scheme using initial clock phase estimation, (3) a fully digital orthogonal detection scheme suitable for low power consumption, and (4) a burst detection scheme using phase information in preamble. Performance evaluation confirms that the demodulator LSIC reduces the irreducible frame error rate by 40%, and achieves an Eb/No improvement of 3 dB at the frame error rate of 10% compared with differential detection under the Rayleigh fading channel common in personal communication.
Analysis and Design of CMOS Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Voltage Combining Method (2017)

The impedance at the each input terminal of paper presents a voltage combining Doherty power amplifier in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. This Doherty PA uses a series combining transformer (SCT) to combine the output power and realize the load modulation, which is different from the conventional current combining method. The series combining transformer is analyzed for impedance modulation behavior, and we have provided the design method. The proposed Doherty PA achieves a maximum output power of 27.6 dBm at 1.75 GHz with a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 35.2% at 3.4 V supply voltage. The PAE at 6 dB back-off is still high, about 29.2%. The PA has 24.2 dBm output power with 30.2% PAE at -37 dBc ACLR (5 MHz offset) and 25.2 dBm output power with 32% PAE at -33 dBc ACLR (5 MHz offset) at 1.75 GHz under a wideband code division multiple access signal with 3.3-dB PAPR and 3.84-MHz BW.
General Textbooks and Relevant Journals (2005)

This appendix lists other general and more specialized textbooks in the field of cell and tissue culture and, in addition, provides suitable background reading in cell and molecular biology. A number of journals are also listed which either focus on tissue culture technology, or contain articles, many of which employ tissue culture within their methods.
INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOLS UPON THE UNCATALYZED REACTION BETWEEN RESORCINOL AND FORMALDEHYDE (1951)

The rate of the condensation of an uncatalyzed, equimolecular solution of resorcinol and formaldehyde in water was determined at 60°C. By replacing a portion of the water in this system with aliphatic alcohols, a reduction in the rates of condensation was noted at the same temperature. However, these reaction rates were found to vary widely among themselves, depending on the alcohol used. These results are explained under the assumption of the intermediate formation of hemiacetals from the free formaldehyde and the alcohols. The retarding effect of these alcohols on the resorcinol–formaldehyde condensation is inversely related to their different tendency to form esters with acids, or acetals with aldehydes, as reported by other authors. The general importance of the formation of hemiacetals is emphasized where formaldehyde is applied in the presence of alcohols.