gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CityBeat (2014)

With the increasing volume of location-annotated content from various social media platforms like Twitter, Instagram and Foursquare, we now have real-time access to people's daily documentation of local activities, interests and attention. In this demo paper, we present CityBeat, a real-time visualization of hyper-local social media content for cities. The main objective of CityBeat is to provide users -- with a specific focus on journalists -- with information about the city's ongoings, and alert them to unusual activities. The system collects a stream of geo-tagged photos as input, uses time series analysis and classification techniques to detect hyper-local events, and compute trends and statistics. The demo includes a visualization of this information that is designed to be installed on a large-screen in a newsroom, as an ambient display.
Control Engineering for Hybrid Ground and Space Precoding in Multi-Gateway Multi-Beam Satellite (2021)

This paper aims at filling the gap, in which a hierarchical feedback framework to design and synthesize a class of hybrid ground and space precoders for multi-gateway multibeam satellite communications (SATCOM) is currently missing, by providing modeling, characterization, and engineering of shared resource management and resilient interference mitigation, along with their control-theoretic underpinnings. In particular, distributed hybrid ground and space precoding systems and methods are proposed to define the main functional blocks in multi-gateway multi-beam SATCOM, supported by general multi-time-scale models from the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR) processes. In this framework, the paradigm of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is utilized as an on-ground precoding in the feed space for mitigating interferences among beams of different clusters as well as beams of the same cluster, and the dead-beat control methodology as the core for onboard precoding in the beam space to minimize signal leakages on other clusters of users. Finally, in light of the proposed framework with minimal inter-gateway communication overheads, a roadmap is envisioned for the future of multi-gateway multi-beam SATCOM as a discipline.
OCR-free Document Understanding Transformer (2021)

Understanding document images (e.g., invoices) is a core but challenging task since it requires complex functions such as reading text and a holistic understanding of the document. Current Visual Document Understanding (VDU) methods outsource the task of reading text to off-the-shelf Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines and focus on the understanding task with the OCR outputs. Although such OCR-based approaches have shown promising performance, they suffer from 1) high computational costs for using OCR; 2) inflexibility of OCR models on languages or types of document; 3) OCR error propagation to the subsequent process. To address these issues, in this paper, we introduce a novel OCR-free VDU model named Donut, which stands for Document understanding transformer. As the first step in OCR-free VDU research, we propose a simple architecture (i.e., Transformer) with a pre-training objective (i.e., cross-entropy loss). Donut is conceptually simple yet effective. Through extensive experiments and analyses, we show a simple OCR-free VDU model, Donut, achieves state-of-the-art performances on various VDU tasks in terms of both speed and accuracy. In addition, we offer a synthetic data generator that helps the model pre-training to be flexible in various languages and domains. The code, trained model and synthetic data are available at https://github.com/clovaai/donut.
Kinetics of Steady-state Differentiation and Mapping of Intrathymic-signaling Environments by Stem Cell Transplantation in Nonirradiated Mice (2003)

Upon thymus entry, thymic-homing progenitors undergo distinct phases of differentiation as they migrate through the cortex to the capsule, suggesting that the signals that induce these differentiation steps may be stratified in corresponding cortical regions. To better define these regions, we transplanted purified stem cells into nonirradiated congenic recipients and followed their differentiation with respect to both tissue location and time. The earliest progenitors (DN1) remained confined to a very narrow region of the cortex for about the first 10 d of intrathymic residence; this region virtually overlaps the sites of thymic entry, suggesting that DN1 cells move very little during this lengthy period of proliferation and lineage commitment. Movement out of this region into the deeper cortex is asynchronous, and corresponds to the appearance of DN2 cells. Differentiation to the DN3 stage correlates with movement across the midpoint of the cortex, indicating that stromal signals that induce functions such as TCR gene rearrangement reside mainly in the outer half of the cortex. The minimum time to reach the capsule, and thus transit to the DP stage, is approximately 13 d, with the average time a few days longer. These findings reveal for the first time the kinetics of steady-state progenitor differentiation in the thymus, as well as defining the boundaries of cortical regions that support different phases of the differentiation process. We also show that the first lineage-positive progeny of transplanted stem cells to appear in the thymus are dendritic cells in the medulla, suggesting that each new wave of new T cell production is preceded by a wave of regulatory cells that home to the medulla and ensure efficient tolerance and selection.
A 10 ns 54&amp;times;54-bit parallel structured full array multiplier with 0.5 &amp;mu;m CMOS technology (1990)

A 54-b×54-b multiplier fabricated in double metal 0.5-μm CMOS technology is described. A 10-ns multiplication time has been achieved by employing a 4-2 compressor, a carry select adder, and a carry lookahead adder. The 54-b×54-b full array is adopted to complete the multiplication within one latency. This multiplier is intended for double-precision floating-point data processing based on IEEE standards up to a clock range of 100 MHz. The multiplier has integrated 81600 transistors in an active area of 3.62 mm×3.45 mm
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Solid Electrolyte Garnet Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (2017)

Lithium solid electrolytes are a promising platform for achieving high energy density, long-lasting, and safe rechargeable batteries, which could have widespread societal impact. In particular, the ceramic oxide garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been shown to be a promising electrolyte due to its stability and high ionic conductivity. Two major challenges for commercialization are the manufacture of thin layers and the creation of stable, low-impedance interfaces with both anode and cathode materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has recently been shown to be a powerful method for depositing both solid electrolytes and interfacial layers to improve the stability and performance at electrode–electrolyte interfaces in battery systems. Herein, we present a thermal ALD process for LLZO, demonstrating the ability to tune composition within the amorphous as-deposited film, which is studied using in situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Postannealing using a variety of substrates and gas environments was performed, and the formation of the cubic phase was observed at temperatures as low as 555 °C, significantly lower than what is required for bulk processing. Additionally, challenges associated with achieving a dense garnet phase due to substrate reactivity, morphology changes, and Li loss under the necessary high-temperature annealing are quantified via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
How do anti-mitotic drugs kill cancer cells? (2009)

In 2007, over 12-million people were diagnosed with cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, at least one third of these individuals are not expected to survive the disease, making cancer the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy forms the mainstay of cancer treatment, and agents that disrupt mitotic spindle assembly - so called ;anti-mitotics' - are commonly used to treat a wide variety of cancers. Traditional anti-mitotic agents include the microtubule toxins such as taxol, other taxanes and the vinca alkaloids, all of which have proven successful in the clinic. However, patient response remains highly unpredictable, and drug resistance is common. In addition, toxicity is a problem. To address these limitations, a new generation of anti-mitotic drugs is being developed. As the first wave of these new agents enters clinical trails, much hope rests on their outcome. Meanwhile, significant attention is being focused on trying to predict which tumour types are likely to respond. In this Commentary, we outline recent advances in our understanding of how cancer cells respond to anti-mitotic drugs, and discuss the relevance of these studies to their use in the clinic.
Immunogenic proteins of Trichomonas vaginalis as demonstrated by the immunoblot technique (1986)

Fifteen clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with transfer to nitrocellulose and by immunoblots probed with human sera. All T. vaginalis isolates showed similar banding patterns by Coomassie brilliant blue and silver staining of the electrophoresis gels and by amido black staining of the nitrocellulose. However, by the immunoblot technique, differences in banding patterns were noted, particularly in the high-molecular-weight zone (greater than 1.5 X 10(5], which were consistent in numerous experiments. A common immunogenic band was noted at a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 in all T. vaginalis isolates probed with six sera reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but was not seen or was only faintly visible when isolates were probed with sera considered to be nonreactive by the assay. Many other bands were identified, some of which appeared common to all isolates, but were not recognized by all sera tested. These studies demonstrate the antigenic heterogeneity of T. vaginalis and show that different individuals appear to respond immunologically to different T. vaginalis antigens.
A practical tool for maximal information coefficient analysis (2018)

We show that MICtools, combining TICe and MICe, is able to highlight associations that would not be captured by conventional strategies.
Effect of disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) amd diethyldithiocarbamate on the bladder toxicity and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide in mice. (1982)

Cyclophosphamide is the most commonly prescribed alkylating agent in clinical medicine. The usefulness of cyclophosphamide is often limited, however, by its propensity to cause hemorrhagic cystitis especially in children or patients receiving concomitant radiotherapy. Administration i.p. of cyclophosphamide at doses of 100 mg/kg or more to mice produced a significant increase in urinary bladder weight within 48 hr of treatment. The present studies demonstrate that disulfiram prevented cyclophosphamide-induced bladder damage when administered p.o. within 1 hr of cyclophosphamide treatment. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a sulfhydryl-containing metabolite of disulfiram, had identical uroprotective activity. Unlike disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamate was effective only when administered 2 to 4 hr after cyclophosphamide. Disulfiram augmented slightly the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide against L1210 murine leukemia in vivo when administered 30 min prior to cyclophosphamide. In contrast, diethyldithiocarbamate had no effect on the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide when administered 4 hr after cyclophosphamide.
Towards a micromechanical understanding of biological surface devices (2002)

Abstract Interesting analogies exist between the science of materials in small dimensions and the mechanics of biological systems. In both instances, mechanical forces and displacements are measured and the results are interpreted in the light of theoretical expectations. The approaches are, however, fundamentally different: consideration of structural diversity and global performance in biology contrasts with more quantitative evaluation of local properties and emphasis on micromechanical modeling in materials science. We report on two examples of our first efforts to combine these approaches in the investigation of biological attachment systems in insects. Nanoindentation studies were performed on the head–neck joint and the wing-locking mechanism in a beetle, and the foot–substrate adhesion in flies and geckos has been examined from the perspective of theoretical contact mechanics. By aiming at a quantitative understanding of the interrelationship between local materaal properties and complex structure...
GPS Signal Acquisition and Tracking An Approach towards Development of Software-based GPS Receiver (2004)

Software-based GPS (SGR) Receiver helps us processing the GPS signal at the lowest level of GPS raw signal data from the antenna. A software-based GPS receiver consists of a front-end device that converts the radio frequency signal from the antenna to an intermediate frequency in digital format. The signal thus converted is processed by high level programming language to compute position and velocity. In SGR, it is possible to do acquisition and tracking using different parameters and threshold values, which give a user total flexibility of operation. This helps in processing weaker signal, multipath mitigation and simulate “what-if” scenarios. In this paper, we will discuss about GPS signal acquisition and tracking that will form a base for the development of SGR. Keyword Software GPS, Acquisition, Tracking, DLL, PLL
Input pattern encoding through generalized adaptive search (2003)

In a neural network approach to a sequence prediction problem such as Chinese character prediction, if an orthogonal set is used to encode the Chinese characters, there will be more than 6000 units in the input layer. The authors demonstrate that the number of units in the input layer can be greatly reduced with proper encoding. A neural network maps a group of input vectors to a group of target vectors. It generalizes the responses for inputs that are similar to the inputs on which it has been trained. With this similarity property, if the input pattern vectors are encoded according to the interrelationship among the target patterns, the network may behave better, and fewer units will be needed in the input layer. The authors present such an input pattern encoding method for a neural network with recurrent connections. A modified genetic algorithm was used to do a generalized adaptive search for a good encoding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AC to AC power conversion based on matrix converter topology with unidirectional switches (1998)

In this paper, a new circuit for AC to AC power conversion is presented. The circuit is derived from the matrix converter topology, which has the capability of direct AC to AC power conversion without any DC link reactive component and input inductance except a small snubber. It consists of only unidirectional switches such as IGBTs with antiparallel diodes in contrast to the matrix power converter which consists of bi-directional switches. The input displacement power factor of the proposed scheme is unity and the overall power factor is near unity. The waveform of the input line currents is much alike with the diode a large DC-link reactor. The validity of the circuit and its operation is confirmed by experiments which uses a dynamic load-field oriented induction motor drive system.
Removing Requirement Defects and Automating Test (2001)

Organizations face many problems that impede rapid development of software systems critical to their operations and growth. This paper discusses model-based development and test automation methods that reduce the time and resources necessary to develop high quality systems. The focus is how organizations have implemented this approach of model-based verification to reduce requirements defects, manual test development effort, and development rework to achieve significant cost and schedule savings. 1
Perception-based global illumination, rendering, and animation techniques (2002)

In this paper, we consider applications of perception-based video quality metrics to improve the performance of global lighting computations and rendering of animation sequences. To control the computation of animation frames we use the Animation Quality Metric (AQM) which is an extended version of the Visible Difference Predictor (VDP) developed by Daly. We show two applications of the AQM: (1) the rendering of high-quality walk-throughs for static environments and (2) the computation of global illumination for dynamic environments.To improve the rendering performance of our walk-through solution we use a hybrid of the ray tracing and Image-Based Rendering (IBR) techniques. In our rendering solution we derive as many pixels as possible using inexpensive IBR techniques without affecting the animation quality. The AQM is used to automatically guide such a hybrid rendering.Also, we present a method for efficient global illumination computation in dynamic environments by taking advantage of temporal coherence of lighting distribution. The method is embedded in the framework of stochastic photon tracing and density estimation techniques. The AQM is used to keep noise inherent in stochastic methods below the sensitivity level of the human observer. As a result a perceptually-consistent quality across all animation frames is obtained. Furthermore, the computation cost is reduced compared to the traditional approaches operating solely in the spatial domain.
Calcium inhibits willardiine-induced responses in kainate receptor GluR6(Q)/KA-2 (2001)

A number of studies have demonstrated that willardiine [(S)-1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl) pyrimidine-2,4-dione] is a useful agonist for the activation of AMPA/kainate receptors. Here we examine the effect of extracellular calcium on currents evoked by willardiine in HEK 293 cells expressing the GluR6(Q)/KA-2 kainate receptor subunits. At a concentration of 1.8 mM, Ca2+ inhibited the currents induced by 100 microM willardiine by approximately 50%. When extracellular Na+ ions were replaced with Ca2+ ions there were no measurable inward currents. We conclude that Ca2+ inhibition of the willardiine-induced response is concentration dependent.
Bone graft substitutes in spine surgery (2001)

Very few topics in spinal reconstructive surgery have generated such interest over the past few years as bone grafts and their substitutes have generated. The traditional standard, autogenous iliac crest bone graft, has been used for spinal fusions for nearly a century. However, the morbidity encountered during and after harvesting autograft has led to the development of biologic tools to replace autograft. Current orthopedic literature is rampant with clinical and basic science data chronicling the evolution and development of these substances by both the clinician and industry alike. This review discusses autogenous bone grafts as well as other fusion-enhancing tools with particular attention to pertinent objective clinical data. As the horizons of our knowledge of bone graft biology continue to expand, the new millennium promises to be an exciting time for the further evolution of these materials.
Metal injection moulding of nickel-based superalloy CM247LC<sup>*</sup> (2016)

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a promising new production technology for small- to medium-sized parts with high complexity for high-temperature applications like aero engines or turbochargers. This study concerns the feasibility of manufacturing parts from nickel-based superalloy CM247LC via MIM. CM247LC poses a serious challenge for MIM processing. Because of its high aluminium content, the strength potential is very high, but the sintering capability is severely restricted. Differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry measurements as well as ThermoCalc simulations are used to optimise the sintering step of the MIM process route. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contents of the powder and the as-sintered specimens are measured to evaluate the pick-up of impurities during processing. The microstructure of the as-sintered specimens is characterised with respect to residual porosity, grain size, carbide content and γ′ precipitation size and morphology. Ways to further improve the microstructure and strength will be discussed.
A 20ns CMOS functionable gate array with a configurable memory (1983)

A CMOS gate array with 4,368 gates and 2,304 bits of configurable memory, using 1.5μm design rules, will be discussed. The memory can change word × bit configuration as well as to increase the gate array function.
Modeling of glitches due to rise/fall asymmetry in current-steering digital-to-analog converters (2005)

The current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is the most common type of DAC for high-speed applications. Glitches present in the DAC output contribute to nonlinear distortion in the DAC transfer characteristics degrading the circuit performance. One source of glitches is asymmetry in the settling behavior when switching on and off a current source. A behavioral-level model of this nonideal behavior is derived in this work. Further, a method with low computational complexity for estimating the influence of the modeled errors in the frequency domain is developed. This method can be utilized by circuit designers to derive circuit requirements for fulfilling a given frequency-domain specification, potentially relaxing the requirements compared with a worst-case analysis. Examples of model utilization are given in terms of an analytical examination and MATLAB simulations. A good agreement between simulated and analytical results is obtained.
The Obstacle-Set Method for Representing Muscle Paths in Musculoskeletal Models (2000)

A computational method is introduced for modeling the paths of muscles in the human body. The method is based on the premise that the resultant muscle force acts along the locus of the transverse cross-sectional centroids of the muscle. The path of the muscle is calculated by idealizing its centroid path as a frictionless elastic band, which moves freely over neighboring anatomical constraints such as bones and other muscles. The anatomical constraints, referred to as obstacles, are represented in the model by regular-shaped, rigid bodies such as spheres and cylinders. The obstacles, together with the muscle path, define an obstacle set. It is proposed that the path of any muscle can be modeled using one or more of the following four obstacle sets: single sphere, single cylinder, double cylinder, and sphere-capped cylinder. Assuming that the locus of the muscle centroids is known for an arbitrary joint configuration, the obstacle-set method can be used to calculate the path of the muscle for all other joint configurations. The obstacle-set method accounts not only for the interaction between a muscle and a neighboring anatomical constraint, but also for the way in which this interaction changes with joint configuration. Consequently, it is the only feasible method for representing the paths of muscles which cross joints with multiple degrees of freedom such as the deltoid at the shoulder.