gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute liver necrosis following overdose of paracetamol. (1966)

A woman aged 30, an inmate of a mental institution, was admitted to hospital two hours after ingesting at least 50 paracetamol tablets. She had been discovered while still swallowing some of the drug, and gastric lavage was carried out almost immediately. She had been under psychiatric care since adolescence and had received various drug therapies. Currently she was taking nortriptyline, 25 mg. three times a day. She had been taking barbiturates as hypnotics for many years. In the past she had been treated with chlorpromazine and amitriptyline.
Remotely Controlled Mandibular Positioner Predicts Efficacy of Oral Appliances in Sleep Apnea (2004)

Anterior mandibular positioners (AMPs) have become increasingly popular as alternatives to continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. However, widespread acceptance of AMP is limited by an efficacy rate of 50-80% and an inability to predict which patients will respond to therapy. We evaluated 23 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (respiratory disturbance index [RDI] >/= 15 h(-1)) with a remotely controlled mandibular positioner (RCMP), a temporary oral appliance that can advance or retract the mandible in a process analogous to changing the mask pressure during a continuous positive airway pressure titration study. We hypothesized that the elimination of respiratory events and significant nocturnal oxygen desaturation during an RCMP overnight study would predict AMP efficacy, as defined by an absolute reduction in RDI to less than 15 h(-1), a relative reduction in RDI of more than 30% from baseline, and a subjective improvement in symptoms. AMP compliance was 82%, and therapeutic efficacy was 53%. Among compliant patients, the positive and negative predictive value of an RCMP study in predicting AMP treatment success was 90% and 89%, respectively. An overnight RCMP study is highly predictive of AMP response.
A MCU platform with embedded FRAM achieving 350nA current consumption in real-time clock mode with full state retention and 6.5µs system wakeup time (2013)

A novel ultra-low-power MCU is presented, which is optimized for both lowest stand-by and active power consumption. By modifying technology, adopting critical blocks in circuit design, and tailoring the system architecture the MCU achieves an overall stand-by current consumption of 350nA. This number includes the real time clock functionality, the 32kHz crystal oscillator, and the supply voltage supervision. Fast wake-up from stand-by or sleep mode is achieved through analog pre-charge current sources within 6.5us.
Purification, characterisation and reaction mechanism of monofunctional 2‐hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase from <i>Escherichia coli </i> (1998)

2-Hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase is found on many bacterial catabolic pathways responsible for the degradation of aromatic compounds. Monofunctional 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase from Escherichia coli has been purified 3800-fold to homogeneity, using enzymatically generated 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid as substrate. The purified 28-kDa protein requires a divalent metal ion for activity, optimum activity being obtained with Mn2+. Steady-state kinetic parameters were measured (Km = 41 +/- 4 microM, k(cat) = 450 s(-1)), the enzyme exhibiting substrate inhibition at high substrate concentrations. The pH/rate profile and inhibition by group-specific reagents were examined, and evidence was obtained for essential cysteine and tryptophan residues. An amino acid sequence alignment of the inferred amino acid sequence with nine other sequences was carried out and revealed several conserved sequence motifs. The substrate for the enzymatic reaction was found to be the dienol tautomer of 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid. Analysis of the reaction products by HPLC confirmed the identity of the 4-hydroxy-2-ketopentanoic acid product. Analogues of possible reaction intermediates were tested as inhibitors, and sodium oxalate was found to act as a potent enzyme inhibitor (Ki = 4.9 +/- 0.7 microM). The potent inhibition by oxalate is consistent with a mechanism in which tautomerisation to 2-ketopent-3-enoic acid takes place at the active site, followed by conjugate addition of water.
Fuzzy control application of SR motor drive for transportation systems (2002)

We present a simple technique to minimise torque ripple of fuzzy controlled switched reluctance (SR) motor drives in electric vehicle propulsion. Fuzzy control application of linear inductance SRM drives with the C-dump converter using an electric vehicle propulsion system is presented. The control technique is based on the control of the sum of the square of the phase currents by using fuzzy control technique. The combination of low cost, high reliability, and competitive weight and efficiency makes the fuzzy controlled SRM drive a strong candidate for application in future electric vehicle propulsion systems. The mathematical model of SRM by considering mutual inductances is obtained.
A Cross-Domain Alliance Authentication Scheme based on Bilinear Group (2014)

With the development of grid computing, cloud computing and other large distributed network technology, users need them to provide services of unlimited space and unlimited speed.In order to meeting this request of users, all the domains in these large distributed networks need coordination for each other.For ensuring the safety to access resources in all domains, we propose a crossdomain union authentication scheme.We compute a large prime cyclic group by elliptic curve, and use the direct decomposition of this group to decompose automorphism groups ,and design an signcryption scheme between domains by bilinear of automorphism group to achieve cross-domain union authentication.This scheme overcome the complexity of certificate transmission and bottlenecks in the scheme of PKI-based, and it can trace the entities and supports two-way entities anonymous authentication, which avoid the domain certificate authority counterfeiting its member to access cross-domain resources.Analyses show that its advantages on security and communication-consumption.
Sodium Ion Transport in Rat Hearts during Cold Ischemic Storage: <sup>23</sup>Na and <sup>31</sup>P NMR Study (1992)

The success of heart transplantation is limited by the negative correlation between the length of the cold ischemic storage period and the quality of functional recovery. We use 23Na, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and hemodynamic parameters to describe temperature-dependent changes in sodium influx and the concentration of phosphorus high-energy compounds during different storage periods. Perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit solutions containing Dy(TTHA)3- permitted discrimination of intra- and extracellular sodium during cold ischemic storage. The 23Na NMR visibilities under the acquisition and processing parameters used in our experiments were 40 +/- 4% for the intracellular compartment and 97 +/- 11% for the extracellular compartment. At 4 degrees C, the intracellular Na+ accumulation exceeded that observed at 15 and 22 degrees C. The ATP and PCr depletion rates were much lower at 4 degrees C and the left ventricular contractility was higher after longer periods of storage, as the storage temperature decreased. The intracellular Na+ concentration cannot serve as a marker for the postischemic recovery probability. The relative activity of the Na/K ATPase pumps is not correlated with the preservation success. However, intracellular sodium ion accumulation is a major factor in the time lag of the reperfusion recovery.
Bulldozer: An Approach to Multithreaded Compute Performance (2011)

AMD's Bulldozer module represents a new direction in microarchitecture and includes a number of firsts for AMD, including AMD's multithreaded x86 processor, implementation of a shared Level 2 cache, and x86 processor to incorporate floating-point multiply-accumulate (FMAC). This article discusses the module's multithreading architecture, power-efficient microarchitecture, and subblocks, including the various microarchitectural latencies, bandwidths, and structure sizes.
The chemotaxis of M1 and M2 macrophages is regulated by different chemokines (2014)

The homing of proinflammatory (M1) and the "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages plays a different role in the process of inflammation. Chemokines are the major mediators of macrophage chemotaxis, but how they differentially regulate M1 and M2 macrophages remains largely unclear. In the present study, we attempted to screen chemokines that differentially induce chemotaxis of M1 and M2 macrophages and to explore the underlying mechanism. Among the 41 chemokines that specifically bind to 20 chemokine receptors, CCL19, CCL21, CCL24, CCL25, CXCL8, CXCL10, and XCL2 specifically induced M1 macrophage chemotaxis, whereas CCL7 induced chemotaxis of both M1 and M2 macrophages. Whereas the differential effects of these chemokines on M1/M2 macrophage chemotaxis could be attributable to the predominant expression of their cognate receptors on the macrophage subsets, CCR7, the receptor for CCL19/CCL21, appeared to be an exception. Immunoblot analysis indicated an equivalent level of CCR7 in the whole cell lysate of M1 and M2 macrophages, but CCL19 and CCL21 only induced M1 macrophage chemotaxis. Both immunoblot and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that CCR7 was predominantly expressed on the cell surface of M1 but in the cytosol of M2 macrophages before ligand stimulation. As a result, CCL19 or CCL21 induced activation of both MEK1-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT cascades in M1 but not in M2 macrophages. Intriguingly, CCL19/CCL21-mediated M1 macrophage chemotaxis was blocked by specific inhibition of PI3K rather than MEK1. Together, these findings suggest that recruitment of M1 and M2 macrophages is fine tuned by different chemokines with the involvement of specific signaling pathways.
Reduction of nitrogen to hydrazine in a binuclear complex of iron (1971)

Yu. G. Borodko, M. O. Broitman, L. M. Kachapina, A. E. Shilov and L. Yu. Ukhin, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1185 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001185
COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2020)

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has plagued the Middle East since it was first reported in 2012. Recently, at the end of December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are in Mainland China with international spread to 25 countries. The novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international spread, and the lack of therapeutic and preventative strategies have led the WHO International Health Regulation emergency committee to declare the disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. As it relates to countries with the ongoing MERS-CoV community cases and hospital acquired infections, there will be a huge challenge for HCWs to deal with both coronaviruses, especially with the lack of standardized and approved point of care testing. This challenge will now be faced by the whole global health community dealing with COVID-19 since both coronaviruses have similar presentation. Those patients should now be tested for both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously, and with the continuing wide international spread of SARS-CoV-2, the travel history to China in the last 14 days will be of less significance
The role of headache-related disability in migraine management (2001)

Stratified care may become the approach of choice for managing migraine in clinical practice. This approach increases the chances of providing appropriate therapy at the patient's initial consultation, sparing the patient a series of failed therapeutic efforts. The MIDAS Questionnaire provides a practical tool for helping to implement the recommendations of the US Headache Consortium
The interaction of 125I-colony-stimulating factor-1 with bone marrow-derived macrophages. (1986)

The colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, stimulates cultured quiescent murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) to enter DNA synthesis with a lag phase of 10-12 h. The binding, dissociation, internalization, and degradation of lZ5I-CSF-1 by BMM during the lag phase were investigated. Quiescent BMM express -5 x lo4 cell surface receptor sites/cell but contain additional cryptic sites (-lO"/cell) that can appear at the cell surface within 10 min at 37 "C. Studies of the binding reaction at both 2 OC (& I 2 x 1O-l' M) and 37 O C (& -4 X 10"' M) are consistent with the existence of a single class of cell surface sites. The disappearance of cell surface 12SI-CSF-1 following a 2-37 OC temperature shift results from two, competitive, first order processes, internalization and dissociation. Internalization (tllz = 1.6 min) is 6 times more frequent than dissociation ($Ilz = 9.6 min). Following internalization, 10-15% of the intracellular CSF-1 is rapidly degraded whereas the remaining 85-90% is slowly degraded by a chloroquin-sensitive first order process (tl,z > 3.5 h). These findings were confirmed and extended by studies of the uptake of 12SI-CSF-1 at 37 "C. Following addition of 12BI-CSF-1, cell surface receptors are rapidly down-regulated (tllz -7 min) and their replacement does not commence until 20-60% of pre-existing surface receptor sites have disappeared. Despite receptor replacement, initially from the cryptic pool and later by de novo synthesis and/or receptor recycling (4 molecules/cell/s at steady state), the number of receptors at the cell surface remains low. The process results in the intracellular accumulation of large amounts of lZ6I-CSF-1 (>lo5 molecules/cell) by BMM. Thus, whereas the kinetics of association, dissociation, and internalization of CSF-1 with BMM and peritoneal exudate macrophages are similar, BMM, which exhibit a higher proliferative response, degrade growth factor 12 times more slowly.
Design and characterization of an atomic beam oven for combined laser and electron impact experiments (2002)

As both experimental and theoretical studies in atomic physics move towards more complex atoms and more sophisticated methods, the design and characterization of atomic beam sources is becoming important as specific requirements emerge. This is especially the case when both electron impact and laser excitation are combined. The design of an oven is presented here together with characterization of the atomic beam parameters of importance to both electron impact and laser excitation experiments. The oven is designed and tested using calcium but is relevant for a range of atoms. In this study the oven was tested at temperatures up to 710 degreesC.
New amorphous-silicon electrically programmable nonvolatile switching device (1982)

The paper reports preliminary data on the characteristics of a new electronic switching device based on amorphous silicon structures. The device is polar, and is switched from OFF to ON (WRITE) or ON to OFF (ERASE) by voltages opposite signs; the threshold voltage for the WRITE operation is 4 –8 V, depending on the device, and for ERASE it is ̃ 1 V. The OFF and ON resistances are typically l MΩ, and in the range 50–300Ω, respectively. Experimental devices have been switched through 105 WRITE and ERASE cycles, and the prospects are that this could be considerably increased. Particularly notable features of the new memory device are its extremely fast transition times (100 ns or less for both the WRITE or ERASE operations) and the very low energy involved in the switching transition (<10−6 J). Present results indicate that the threshold voltages are only slightly dependent on temperature.
Probabilistic relational indexing (2002)

We describe a new pattern matching methodology called probabilistic relational indexing that extends the work of Costa and Shapiro (1995, 1996) to handle uncertainty in pattern recognition. The new technique uses relational models, but avoids the complexity of full graph matching while incorporating probabilistic information that decreases the sensitivity to noise and errors in the data. The probabilistic relational indexing algorithm is compared to two popular decision tree classifiers and with the original discrete relational indexing algorithm.
Current Clinical and Preclinical Photosensitizers for Use in Photodynamic Therapy (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTCurrent Clinical and Preclinical Photosensitizers for Use in Photodynamic TherapyMichael R. Detty, Scott L. Gibson, and Stephen J. WagnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 607, Rochester, New York 14642, and Blood & Cell Therapy Development, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20855 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 16, 3897–3915Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2004Publication History Received30 March 2004Published online19 June 2004Published inissue 1 July 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm040074bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm040074breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7608Altmetric-Citations909LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Light,Molecules,Oxygen,Photodynamic therapy,Photosensitization Get e-Alerts
EUVL mask repair: expanding options with nanomachining (2012)

Mask defectivity is often cited as a barrier to EUVL manufacturing, falling just behind low source power. Mask defectivity is a combination of intrinsic blank defects, defects introduced during the mask fabrication and defects introduced during the use of the mask in the EUV exposure tool. This paper works towards minimizing the printing impact of blank defects so that the final EUVL mask can achieve a lower defectivity. Multilayer defects can be created by a step or scratch as shallow as 1nm in the substrate. These small defects create coherent disruptions in the multilayer that can generate significant variations in mask reflectivity and induce clearly-defined, printable defects. If the optical properties of the defect can be well understood, nanomachining repair processes can be deployed to fix these defects. The purpose of this work is to develop new nanomachining repair processes and approaches that can repair complex EUVL mask defects by targeted removal of the EUVL mask materials. The first phase of this work uses nanomachining to create artificial phase defects of different types and sizes for both printability evaluation and benchmarking with simulation. Experimental results validate the concept, showing a reasonable match between imaging with the LBNL Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT) and simulation of the mask topography measured by AFM. Once the printability of various nanomachined structures is understood, the second phase of the work aims to optimize the process to repair real EUVL mask defects with surrounding absorber patterns.
Inflammasome Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts Is Essential for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2011)

Background- Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanism by which myocardial I/R induces inflammation remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that a sterile inflammatory response triggered by tissue damage is mediated through a multiple-protein complex called the inflammasome. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inflammasome is an initial sensor for danger signal(s) in myocardial I/R injury. Methods and Results- We demonstrate that inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes, is crucially involved in the initial inflammatory response after myocardial I/R injury. We found that inflammasomes are formed by I/R and that its subsequent activation of inflammasomes leads to interleukin-1β production, resulting in inflammatory responses such as inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the heart. In mice deficient for apoptosis-associated speck-like adaptor protein and caspase-1, these inflammatory responses and subsequent injuries, including infarct development and myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction, were markedly diminished. Bone marrow transplantation experiments with apoptosis-associated speck-like adaptor protein-deficient mice revealed that inflammasome activation in bone marrow cells and myocardial resident cells such as cardiomyocytes or cardiac fibroblasts plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury. In vitro experiments revealed that hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulated inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes, and that hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced activation was mediated through reactive oxygen species production and potassium efflux. Conclusions- Our results demonstrate the molecular basis for the initial inflammatory response after I/R and suggest that the inflammasome is a potential novel therapeutic target for preventing myocardial I/R injury.
One pot hydroamination/[4 + 3] cycloaddition: synthesis towards the cyclohepta[b]indole core of silicine and ervatamine (2014)

A new and facile tandem reaction of intramolecular hydroamination and novel [4 + 3] cycloaddition was developed for the synthesis of multitudinal indole-containing 5,7,6-tricyclic skeletons. This method was further extended to the quick synthesis of a series of useful motif of natural products, such as the core of ervatamine and silicine.