gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multinational, Preregistered Cohort Study of β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations for Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (2016)

The spread of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is leading to increased carbapenem consumption. Alternatives to carbapenems need to be investigated. We investigated whether β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations are as effective as carbapenems in the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to ESBL-E. A multinational, retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients with monomicrobial BSI due to ESBL-E were studied; specific criteria were applied for inclusion of patients in the empirical-therapy (ET) cohort (ETC; 365 patients), targeted-therapy (TT) cohort (TTC; 601 patients), and global cohort (GC; 627 patients). The main outcome variables were cure/improvement rate at day 14 and all-cause 30-day mortality. Multivariate analysis, propensity scores (PS), and sensitivity analyses were used to control for confounding. The cure/improvement rates with BLBLIs and carbapenems were 80.0% and 78.9% in the ETC and 90.2% and 85.5% in the TTC, respectively. The 30-day mortality rates were 17.6% and 20% in the ETC and 9.8% and 13.9% in the TTC, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) values for cure/improvement rate with ET with BLBLIs were 1.37 (0.69 to 2.76); for TT, they were 1.61 (0.58 to 4.86). Regarding 30-day mortality, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 0.55 (0.25 to 1.18) for ET and 0.59 (0.19 to 1.71) for TT. The results were consistent in all subgroups studied, in a stratified analysis according to quartiles of PS, in PS-matched cases, and in the GC. BLBLIs, if active in vitro, appear to be as effective as carbapenems for ET and TT of BSI due to ESLB-E regardless of the source and specific species. These data may help to avoid the overuse of carbapenems. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01764490.).
Device authentication mechanism for Smart Energy Home Area Networks (2011)

Smart Energy Home Area Networks (SE-HAN) enable two-way communication between utility companies and HAN devices. Due to multifaceted nature of SE-HAN, securely managing SE-HAN is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a device authentication mechanism for smart energy home area network. The proposed mechanism is more robust and secure than the existing one.
Teflon FEP-clad fluoride glass fibre (1981)

A mid infra-red optical fibre has been developed employing perfluoronated ethylene propylene (teflon FEP) as the cladding and BaF2-GdF3-ZrF4-AlF3 glass as the core. The minimum transmission loss was 0.37 dB/m, measured at 2.55 μm for a 24 m long fibre.
Honey and Cancer: Sustainable Inverse Relationship Particularly for Developing Nations—A Review (2012)

Honey and cancer has a sustainable inverse relationship. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and has multifactorial causes. Among these are low immune status, chronic infection, chronic inflammation, chronic non healing ulcers, obesity, and so forth. There is now a sizeable evidence that honey is a natural immune booster, natural anti-inflammatory agent, natural antimicrobial agent, natural cancer "vaccine," and natural promoter for healing chronic ulcers and wounds. Though honey has substances of which the most predominant is a mixture of sugars, which itself is thought to be carcinogenic, it is understandable that its beneficial effect as anticancer agent raises skeptics. The positive scientific evidence for anticancer properties of honey is growing. The mechanism on how honey has anticancer effect is an area of great interest. Among the mechanisms suggested are inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. Honey and cancer has sustainable inverse relationship in the setting of developing nations where resources for cancer prevention and treatment are limited.
Porous tantalum and tantalum oxide nanoparticles for regenerative medicine (2014)

For centuries, inflammatory/foreign body reactions have plagued the attempts of clinicians to use metals for tissue and bone reconstructions. Since corrosion contributes to the rejection of metal by the body, an extremely bioinert metal - tantalum - has been successfully used in medicine. The outstanding biocompatibility and flexibility of tantalum established the basis for a growing cadre of clinical applications. One important application which benefited from the introduction of powder (particle) metallurgy is use of tantalum as bone implants. Porous materials have re-shaped the landscape of bone implants, as they allow for bone ingrowth and biological fixation, and eliminate implant loosening and related treatment failures. The unique bone-mimicking properties of porous tantalum enabled the use of tantalum as a material for bulk implants, and not only for coatings, as is the case with other porous metals. Moreover, porous tantalum also facilitates the ingrowth of soft tissue, including the formation of blood vessels that were found to assemble on the surface and within the structure of the porous tantalum. Also, since tantalum is strongly radiopaque due its high atomic number, this property is widely employed for marking in orthopedics and in endovascular medical devices. Another important development was the production of nanoparticles based on tantalum. These particles have been shown to be superior to iodinated contrast agents for blood pool imaging applications due to their longer circulation time. Their properties are similar to gold nanoparticles, but are far more cost-effective, and thus, well-positioned to replace gold in regenerative medicine for labeling and tracking of cell grafts through x-ray-based imaging. However, the amount of tantalum nanoparticles that can be taken up by stem cells is not enough to make individual cells visible in x-ray images. Thus, alternative strategies are needed, such as hydrogel or nanofiber scaffolds, which can be loaded with higher concentrations of nanoparticles, to increase the precision of cell deposition and allow tracking under x-ray guidance.
Interaction of a nuclear location signal with isolated nuclear envelopes and identification of signal-binding proteins by photoaffinity labeling. (1989)

The nuclear envelope (NE) separates the two major compartments of eukaryotic cells, the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Recent studies suggest that the uptake of nuclear proteins into the nucleus is initiated by binding of nuclear location signals (NLSs) contained within these proteins to receptors in the NE, followed by translocation through the nuclear pore complex. To examine the binding step without interference from intranuclear events, we have used a system consisting of (i) purified rat liver NEs fixed onto glass slides and (ii) the prototype simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 T) NLS conjugated to nonnuclear carrier proteins, and we have visualized the receptor-ligand interaction by indirect immunofluorescence. In this system, incubation of isolated NEs with the wild-type SV40 T NLS conjugate with carrier proteins resulted in binding that was signal sequence-dependent, could be competitively blocked with excess conjugated and unconjugated wild-type peptide, did not require ATP, and was not affected by the transport-inhibiting lectin wheat germ agglutinin. In contrast, only minimal binding was observed with a mutant SV40 T NLS conjugate. These results are consistent with those obtained in other, more complex in vitro systems and suggest that binding of the SV40 T NLS is receptor-mediated. Binding is largely abolished by extraction of the NE with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, suggesting that the receptor is soluble in detergent. We find in the Triton X-100 supernatant four major NLS-binding proteins with apparent molecular masses of 76, 67, 59, and 58 kDa by photoaffinity labeling with a highly specific crosslinker, azido-NLS. The reduced complexity of the system described here should be useful for the functional study of other potential NLSs for the identification and isolation of their binding sites and for the screening of antibodies raised against these binding sites.
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> as a new model host for plant‐parasitic nematodes (1991)

Summary We have established culture conditions for successful infection and development of several economically important cyst‐forming and root‐knot nematodes on Arabidopsis thaliana under monoxenic conditions. Complete life cycles were obtained with the sedentary cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii, H. trifolii, H. cajani and the root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenariaas well as with the migratory nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. In contrast, H. goettingiana and Globodera rostochiensis were unable to develop on Arabidopsis roots. Tissue‐culture quality agar and medium conditions optimized for hydroponic root culture were essential for successful infections. Detailed in‐vivo observations were made inside Arabidopsis roots during the early infection stages of M. incognita and during complete development of H. schachtii. Seventy‐four different ecotypes of Arabidopsis were screened for their susceptibility towards H. schachtii resulting in a range of infection rates. None of the ecotypes tested showed complete resistance in vitro. The use of Arabidopsis as a host for plant‐parasitic nematodes will provide a new model system for the molecular genetic analysis of this interaction.
Human Macroprolactin Displays Low Biological Activity via Its Homologous Receptor in a New Sensitive Bioassay (2006)

Whereas both bioassays achieve similar results with respect to monomeric PRL activity, our results indicate that the activity displayed by bbPRL toward the rat receptor may be inappropriate because it is not observed in the human PRLR-mediated assay, consistent with the apparent absence of bioactivity in vivo.
A Walk-based Model on Entity Graphs for Relation Extraction (2018)

We present a novel graph-based neural network model for relation extraction. Our model treats multiple pairs in a sentence simultaneously and considers interactions among them. All the entities in a sentence are placed as nodes in a fully-connected graph structure. The edges are represented with position-aware contexts around the entity pairs. In order to consider different relation paths between two entities, we construct up to l-length walks between each pair. The resulting walks are merged and iteratively used to update the edge representations into longer walks representations. We show that the model achieves performance comparable to the state-ofthe-art systems on the ACE 2005 dataset without using any external tools.
Metal–Graphene–Metal Sandwich Contacts for Enhanced Interface Bonding and Work Function Control (2012)

Only a small fraction of all available metals has been used as electrode materials for carbon-based devices due to metal-graphene interface debonding problems. We report an enhancement of the bonding energy of weakly interacting metals by using a metal-graphene-metal sandwich geometry, without sacrificing the intrinsic π-electron dispersions of graphene that is usually undermined by strong metal-graphene interface hybridization. This sandwich structure further makes it possible to effectively tune the doping of graphene with an appropriate selection of metals. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strengthening of the interface interaction is ascribed to an enhancement of interface dipole-dipole interactions. Raman scattering studies of metal-graphene-copper sandwiches are used to validate the theoretically predicted tuning of graphene doping through sandwich structures.
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Cu Corrosion in Single Wafer Cleaning Process (2009)

We investigated Cu corrosion at the via bottom of multi-layered Cu interconnects that occurred after post-etching wet cleaning and caused via open failures. We found that oxygen was dissolved into de-ionized water (DIW) on the wafer edge from the air atmosphere during the rinse step after chemical cleaning and that Cu was oxidized due to the high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the rinse DIW. To prevent Cu interconnects from being corroded, control of the dissolved oxygen and the ORP of the rinse DIW by decreasing the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere in the cleaning machine as well as by using H2 water is required. This will become indispensable in the cleaning process of the next generation Cu interconnects.
Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Heavily Cold-Rolled Cu<SUB>100&minus;<I>x</I></SUB>Zr<I><SUB>x</SUB></I> Alloys (<I>x</I>=0&ndash;8) (2005)

The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu100−xZrx (x=0–8 at%) alloys were examined, whereby the alloys were prepared by casting levitation-melted alloys into a pure copper die and then subsequently cold rolled to a thickness of 200 μm except for the alloys where x=7 and 8. The ultimate tensile strength (σUTS), 0.2% proof strength (σ0.2) and Vickers hardness (HV) of the prepared Cu100−xZrx alloys increase linearly with x, elongation εP is almost independent of x and the electric conductivity (%IACS) decreases when the Zr concentration x increases. The highest values of σUTS, σ0.2, εP and HV for the Cu100−xZrx alloys are 1200 MPa, 800 MPa, 3% and 290, respectively, at x=6 and its electrical conductivity is 35%IACS.
G1/S Cyclins Interact with Regulatory Subunit of PKA via A-Kinase Anchoring Protein, AKAP95 (2006)

The mechanisms by which cyclins promote mammalian cell cycle progression have been a topic of intense investigation over the last decade. We previously described an interaction between D-type cyclins and A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP95. Here, we demonstrate that AKAP95 can also bind cyclin E1. Association between AKAP95 and cyclins is displaced by CDKs. We show that these G(1)/S cyclins can interact with RII subunit of PKAalpha through AKAP95. The presence of alternate complexes cyclin-CDK and cyclin D/E-AKAP95-PKA.RIIalpha suggest different roles of G(1)/S cyclins and a wider biological importance of these interactions in cells.
Surveillance report: disease trends at New Zealand sexually transmitted disease clinics 1977-1993. (1994)

Attendance for the viral diseases, HIV disease, genital warts and genital herpes is increasing while for the bacterial diseases, gonorrhoea and chlamydia is decreasing. The rise in disease numbers since 1990 may be due to meeting service needs rather than a true rise in disease incidence. STD surveillance in New Zealand is improving with new reporting systems being developed.
A Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complex for Selective Fluoride Ion Sensing with a High Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (2008)

A highly phosphorescent Ir(III) complex, containing a dimesitylboryl group in its coordinative phenylpyridine ligand, exhibited a phosphorescence colorimetric and ratiometric fluoride ion-selective sensing behavior and enabled facile signal purification through time-gated acquisition. Poly(methylmethacrylate) films doped with the Ir(III) complex were used to successfully detect fluoride ion in aqueous media.
Correlation of photodynamic activity and singlet oxygen quantum yields in two series of hydrophobic monocationic porphyrins (2011)

The photodynamic properties of eight hydrophobic monocationic methyl and ruthenium polypyridine complex derivatives of free-base and zinc(II) meso-triphenyl-monopyridylporphyrin series were evaluated and compared using HeLa cells as model. The cream-like polymeric nanocapsule formulations of marine atelocollagen/xanthan gum, prepared by the coacervation method, exhibited high phototoxicity but negligible cytotoxicity in the dark. Interestingly, the formulations of a given series presented similar photodynamic activities but the methylated free-base derivatives were significantly more phototoxic than the respective ruthenated photosensitizers, reflecting the higher photoinduced singlet oxygen quantum yields of those monocationic porphyrin dyes.
Treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increases survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus (2008)

The data indicate that PPMO had considerable antiviral efficacy against DENV-2 in the AG129 mouse model and that PPMO treatment early in the course of an infection was critical to extending the survival times of DENV-2-infected mice in the AG129 model system.
What does it take to get in the BSE business? (1996)

Practitioners have the resources to increase the reproductive efficiency of a herd by being familiar with the causes of reproductive failure and how to prevent them. One important step in reducing the incidence of reproductive related problems in 50% of the breeding herd, the herd sire(s), is to recommend the utilization of only those bulls that have passed a breeding soundness evaluation prior to entry into the herd.
An Airborne Intensive Care Facility (Fixed Wing) (1996)

A fixed-wing aircraft (Beechcraft KingAir B200 C) fitted as an airborne intensive care facility is described. It completed 2000 missions from 1987-1992 for distances up to 1300 km. Features include: 1. Space for carriage of two stretchers, medical cabin crew of up to five persons and equipment and two-pilot operation if necessary. A third stretcher may be carried in emergencies. 2. Two CARDIOCAP (TM) fixed monitors for ECG, invasive and noninvasive pressures pulse oximetry and end-tidal C02 plus SIEMENS 630(TM)/PROPAQ(TM) compact monitors for the ground transport phase of missions, or the total duration. 3. A medical oxygen reservoir of 4650 litres sufficient for two patients on IPPV with FiO2 = 1.0 for a four-hour trip. The medical suction system is powered from the engine or a vacuum pump. 4. Other medical equipment and drugs in portable packs, for ground transport and resuscitation needs and for replenishment by nursing staff at the parent hospitals. 5. Stretchers compatible with helicopter and road ambulance vehicles used. 6. A stretcher loading device energized from the aircraft, operating through a wide (cargo) door. 7. Provision of 24Ov AC (alternating current) and 28v DC (direct current) electrical energy. 8. Pressurization and climate control. 9. Satisfactory aviation performance for conditions encountered, with single-pilot operation.
High-power green light generation by second harmonic generation of single-frequency tapered diode lasers (2010)

We demonstrate the generation of high power (>1.5W) and single-frequency green light by single-pass second harmonic generation of a high power tapered diode laser.The tapered diode laser consists of a DBR grating for wavelength selectivity, a ridge section and a tapered section.The DBR tapered laser emits in excess of 9 W single-frequency output power with a good beam quality.The output from the tapered diode laser is frequency doubled using periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3.We investigate the modulation potential of the green light and improve the modulation depth from 1:4 to 1:50.
Influence of Gas-Phase Stoichiometry on the Defect Morphology, Impurity Doping, and Electroluminescence Efficiency of Vapor-Grown GaAs P-N Junctions (1974)

The vapor‐hydride method of epitaxial growth permits separate control of the flow rates of both the and HCl reactant species. In the present work, these variables have been independently adjusted to provide gas‐phase compositions ranging from Ga‐rich to As‐rich. The surface defect morphology has been found to be a strong function of the HCl flow rate, changing from pits at low flow rates to hillocks at higher flow rates. In contrast, the flow rate for constant HCl flows principally affects the size of the defects. The growth rate increases slightly with increasing flow rate, but decreases with increasing HCl flow rate over the range normally used. The Se‐donor and Zn‐acceptor concentrations both decrease with increasing HCl flow rate, suggesting that crystal stoichiometry is not strongly influenced by the HCl flow rate.
Natural toxicants in food : progress and prospects (1987)

Understanding Toxin Action: 'Clostridium botulinum 'Neurotoxins, Their Structures and Modes of Action Assessing Toxin Intake: Estimating the Consumer's Intake of Metals Identifying Toxins and Their Effects: Glucosinalates Effects on Nutritional Balance: Antinutrients Influences of Metabolism: Aflatoxin Metabolism and Its Possible Relationships with Disease New Quality Control Methods: Detecting Bacterial Toxins in Food Tolerances: Glycoalkaloids in Potatoes Prevention: Effects of Biocides and Other Agents on Mycotoxin Production Index.
Hierarchical bioinspired adhesive surfaces—a review (2016)

The extraordinary adherence and climbing agility of geckos on rough surfaces has been attributed to the multiscale hierarchical structures on their feet. Hundreds of thousands of elastic hairs called setae, each of which split into several spatulae, create a large number of contact points that generate substantial adhesion through van der Waals interactions. The hierarchical architecture provides increased structural compliance on surfaces with roughness features ranging from micrometers to millimeters. We review synthetic adhesion surfaces that mimic the naturally occurring hierarchy with an emphasis on microfabrication strategies, material choice and the adhesive performance achieved.
Pathogenesis of lung cancer signalling pathways: roadmap for therapies (2009)

Lung cancer is the major cancer killer worldwide, and 5-yr survival is extremely poor (<or=15%), accentuating the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. Significant advances in lung cancer biology may lead to customised therapy based on targeting specific genes and pathways. The main signalling pathways that could provide roadmaps for therapy include the following: growth promoting pathways (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Ras/PhosphatidylInositol 3-Kinase), growth inhibitory pathways (p53/Rb/P14(ARF), STK11), apoptotic pathways (Bcl-2/Bax/Fas/FasL), DNA repair and immortalisation genes. Epigenetic changes in lung cancer contribute strongly to cell transformation by modifying chromatin structures and the specific expression of genes; these include DNA methylation, histone and chromatin protein modification, and micro-RNA, all of which are responsible for the silencing of tumour suppressor genes while enhancing expression of oncogenes. The genetic and epigenetic pathways involved in lung tumorigenesis differ between smokers and nonsmokers, and are tools for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, clinical follow-up and targeted therapies.
Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils from <i>Asteriscus graveolens</i> (<scp>Forssk</scp>.) <scp>Less.</scp>: Identification of <i>cis</i>‐8‐Acetoxychrysanthenyl Acetate as a New Natural Component (2012)

Asteriscus graveolens is an endemic medicinal plant mainly distributed in south-western Algeria and south-eastern Morocco. The essential oils of leaves, stems, and flowers of A. graveolens had been studied by GC, GC/MS, and (13) C-NMR. The spectral data of two nerolidol derivatives, 6-oxo- and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol, were reassigned by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. These compounds can be considered as chemical markers of this genus. The structure of a monoterpenic diester with a chrysanthenane skeleton, i.e., cis-8-acetoxychrysanthenyl acetate, was determined for the first time on the basis of GC/MS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The stem and leaf oils were characterized by high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with 6-oxo- and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol as major components, and the flower essential oils were dominated by the new monoterpenic compound cis-8-acetoxychrysanthenyl acetate.