gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On enhancing H.264/AVC video rate control by PSNR-based frame complexity estimation (2005)

In this paper, we present a PSNR-based frame complexity estimation to improve H.264/AVC rate control. Our scheme is based on adding PSNR-based complexity estimation to the existing mean absolute difference based (MAD-based) complexity measure to form s combined frame complexity estimation. The aim is to allocate bits more accurately, especially for frames with scene changes and high motions. Bit allocation to each frame is not just computed by encoder buffer status but also by a combined frame complexity measure. The quadratic rate-quantization (R-Q) model is used to determine the quantization parameter (QP) for each frame and the computed QP is further adjusted in two special cases. We also propose a frame skipping decision scheme to improve the performance at high frame rates. Simulation results show that the H.264 coder, using our proposed scheme, achieves better visual performances with similar or smaller PSNR deviations when compared to that of the recent JMS.6 rate control.
Characteristic Evaluations of Copper Crystal in Deposited Films by Acid Copper Plating for Via Filling (2006)

Acid copper plating has been extensively applied to various fields such as decorative plating and through-hole plating. In addition to these applications, this technology has been utilized for the metalization of small electronic devices since acid copper plating was adapted to the copper damascene process. Under such new trends, the proper assessment of additives, including their controllability and accessibility for a wide variety of demands, has become an urgent issue. Using commercially available acid copper plating processes, we have evaluated these factors for via-filling and for high throwing power. We compared them in terms of changes in the crystal size and grain of the deposited copper, which are known to change with time, and we also evaluated the influence of additives on the hardness and electrical resistivity. It was confirmed that optimization in selecting and quantifying additives enables deposition of a film characteristically comparable to the acid copper plating process with high throwing power even though the process has a special deposition capability like via-filling.
An optical coupling technique for parallel optical interconnection modules using polymeric optical waveguide films (2002)

ParaBIT (parallel inter-board optical interconnection technology) is promising for high-throughput interconnections in advanced switching and computer systems. We have developed a new optical coupling technique for ParaBIT modules using polymeric optical waveguide films. This technique provides good optical coupling in ParaBIT modules, and is also very useful for multi-channel optical coupling. In this paper, we describe the design, structure, and characteristics of this optical coupling technique.
Condensation of Isocyanates with Reissert Compounds; Synthesis of an Analog of Lidocaine (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Isocyanates with Reissert Compounds; Synthesis of an Analog of LidocaineLEE R. WALTERS, EUGENE G. PODREBARAC, and WILLIAM E. McEWENCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4, 1161–1164Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01063a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01063a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High temperature liquid crystalline copolyester composites. Part I: A review and new data for the self‐reinforced matrix phase (1987)

Abstract Our work concerns structure‐processing‐morphology‐property (SPMP) relationships in fibrous composites where the polymeric matrix may be self‐reinforced. Composites have been made using a commerically available thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) with nematic and isotropic transitions at 693 and 738 K, respectively. To understand the behavior of such composites one must first understand the composite nature of the matrix resin. Thus, this article covers the SPMP relationships for the self‐reinforced matrix phase alone. A review and new data are presented on the molecular dynamics of wholly aromatic copolyesters in the solid state to help clarify the nature of the temperature dependence of mechanical properties. Subsequent papers concern short (Part II) and continuous (Part III) fiber reinforced composites.
Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase provides prolonged attenuation of radial artery vasospasm (2004)

Disengaging the smooth muscle contractile apparatus by irreversibly binding myosin light chain kinase with wortmannin significantly attenuates radial artery vasoconstriction up to 48 h after brief treatment. This novel strategy may prevent vasospasm of arterial grafts from all causes for several postoperative days.
Speed Estimation in Wireless Systems (1999)

A new technique is described for estimating the speed of a mobile station in a wireless system. The mobile speed maps the characteristic spatial scale of the received signal into a characteristic temporal scale. The continuous wavelet transform tracks changes in the temporal scale to estimate the mobile speed as a function of time. This technique requires neither knowledge of the average received power of the nonstationary signal nor adaptation of a temporal observation window, in contrast to other speed estimators given in the literature. Simulations show the tracking of a variable speed profile.
A graph theoretic approach to the clock distribution problem (2002)

Global electrical design issues such as power distribution and clock distribution in ASIC design have assumed added dimensions as feature sizes below one micron and device counts of more than a million are becoming feasible. The authors present a methodology for optimally distributing the clock signal in synchronous digital VLSI circuits. Optimality is measured in terms of minimizing delay in each critical path as well as the differences in delays between different paths. The inputs to the system consist of the location of each cell, the input capacitance of each cell and the locations of all possible buffer sites. The outputs consist of the optimal number and location of buffers as well as a netlist for routing the clock signal. This system provides an application specific methodology for optimal clock distribution whose utility increases with the size of the circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 (2000)

Currently BGP-4 [BGP-4] is capable of carrying routing information only for IPv4 [IPv4]. This document defines extensions to BGP-4 to enable it to carry routing information for multiple Network Layer protocols (e.g., IPv6, IPX, etc...). The extensions are backward compatible - a router that supports the extensions can interoperate with a router that doesn't support the extensions.
Effects of Thyroid Function on Hemostasis, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: A Mendelian Randomization Study (2021)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Untreated hypothyroidism is associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and hyperthyroidism is associated with increased thrombosis risk. However, the causal effects of thyroid function on hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis are unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study with genome-wide association variants, we assessed causality of genetically predicted hypothyroidism (<i>N</i> = 134,641), normal-range thyrotropin (TSH; <i>N</i> = 54,288) and free thyroxine (fT4) (<i>N</i> = 49,269), hyperthyroidism (<i>N</i> = 51,823), and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (<i>N</i> = 25,821) on coagulation (activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand factor [VWF], factor VIII [FVIII], prothrombin time, factor VII, fibrinogen) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator [TPA], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) from the CHARGE Hemostasis Consortium (<i>N</i> = 2583-120,246). Inverse-variance-weighted random effects were the main MR analysis followed by sensitivity analyses. Two-sided <i>p</i> < 0.05 was nominally significant, and <i>p</i> < 0.0011[ = 0.05/(5 exposures × 9 outcomes)] was Bonferroni significant for the main MR analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Genetically increased TSH was associated with decreased VWF [β(SE) = -0.020(0.006), <i>p</i> = 0.001] and with decreased fibrinogen [β(SE) = -0.008(0.002), <i>p</i> = 0.001]. Genetically increased fT4 was associated with increased VWF [β(SE) = 0.028(0.011), <i>p</i> = 0.012]. Genetically predicted hyperthyroidism was associated with increased VWF [β(SE) = 0.012(0.004), <i>p</i> = 0.006] and increased FVIII [β(SE) = 0.013(0.005), <i>p</i> = 0.007]. Genetically predicted hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were associated with decreased TPA [β(SE) = -0.009(0.024), <i>p</i> = 0.024] and increased TPA [β(SE) = 0.022(0.008), <i>p</i> = 0.008], respectively. MR sensitivity analyses showed similar direction but lower precision. Other coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were inconclusive. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In the largest genetic studies currently available, genetically increased TSH and fT4 may be associated with decreased and increased synthesis of VWF, respectively. Since Bonferroni correction may be too conservative given the correlation between the analyzed traits, we cannot reject nominal associations of thyroid traits with coagulation or fibrinolytic factors.
Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of <i>Camelina sativa</i> in western Canada (2006)

Renewed interest in Camelina sativa is primarily due to the unique fatty acid profile of the seed oil and its potential value in industry, cosmetics and human nutrition. To exploit C. sativa in western Canada, more information is needed on the performance of this crop in this region. Following a preliminary evaluation in 2001, replicated agronomic trials were conducted in 2002 and 2005 with 19 C. sativa and three oilseed Brassica accessions at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan and Beaverlodge, Alberta. The C. sativa accessions matured relatively early and were more tolerant of drought and flea beetle infestations than the Brassica oilseeds. Some C. sativa accessions had seed yields competitive with those of the Brassica oilseeds, but seed size was significantly smaller. Seed yields and oil contents of all crop species tested were highest at Beaverlodge, the most northern location. The Brassica oilseeds generally had higher oil contents than C. sativa; the highest oil contents of each crop species tested were associated with the lowest protein contents. In general, average oil and protein contents for C. sativa ranged from 38 to 43% and from 27 to 32%, respectively; for the Brassica checks, oil and protein contents ranged from 38 to 53% and from 21 to 33%, respectively, across all species. Variation in fatty acid composition was higher among the C. sativa accessions than among locations, but overall the ranges of individual fatty acids were relatively narrow. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (12.8–14.7%), linoleic (16.3–17.2%), linolenic (36.2–39.4%) and eicosenoic (14.0–15.5%). The prospects of developing improved C. sativa germplasm for particular western Canadian environments are good; of primary importance are increased seed size and oil content. Additionally, stand establishment, fertility requirements and broadleaf weed control options need to be investigated. Acceptance of this species as a new oilseed crop for western Canada will also require developing sustainable markets for the oil and meal. Key words: Camelina sativa, seed quality, agronomic trait, oil and protein content, fatty acid
Can the Different Cerebral Hemispheres Have Distinct Personalities? (2000)

Abstract The author presents an evidence-based psychological theory which is derived from clinical observations, a review of the literature, especially the split-brain literature, and experimentation with lateral visual field stimulation which has been found to induce changes in patients' cognitive and emotional status thought to be associated with the relative activation of one cerebral hemisphere or the other. The evidence from lateral visual field stimulation suggests that often each hemisphere can have distinct psychological perspectives differing especially in their level of neuroticism with one visual field evoking a more immature perspective than the other. One of the central tenets of the hypothesis is that psychological traumas are associated more with one cerebral hemisphere and than the other, and that the ultimate aim of psychiatric care then becomes the teaching of the mental entity associated with this troubled hemisphere that it is now safer and more valued than it had been at the time of the trauma.
State-plane analysis of parallel resonant converter (1985)

A method for analyzing the complex operation of a parallel resonant converter is developed, utilizing graphical state-plane techniques. The comprehensive mode analysis uncovers, for the first time, the presence of other complex modes besides the continuous conduction mode and the the discontinuous conduction mode and determines their theoretical boundaries. Based on the insight gained from the analysis, a novel, high-frequency resonant buck converter is proposed. The voltage conversion ratio of the new converter is almost independent of load.
Fast Crowd Segmentation Using Shape Indexing (2007)

This paper presents a fast, accurate, and novel method for the problem of estimating the number of humans and their positions from background differenced images obtained from a single camera where inter-human occlusion is significant. The problem is challenging firstly because the state space formed by the number, positions, and articulations of people is large. Secondly, in spite of many advances in background maintenance and change detection, background differencing remains a noisy and imprecise process, and its output is far from ideal: holes, fill-ins, irregular boundaries etc. pose additional challenges for our "mid- level" problem of segmenting it to localize humans. We propose a novel example-based algorithm which maps the global shape feature by Fourier descriptors to various configurations of humans directly. We use locally weighted averaging to interpolate for the best possible candidate configuration. The inherent ambiguity resulting from the lack of depth and layer information in the background difference images is mitigated by the use of dynamic programming, which finds the trajectory in state space that best explains the evolution of the projected shapes. The key components of our solution are simple and fast. We demonstrate the accuracy and speed of our approach on real image sequences.
IMPEDANCE BASED BIOSENSOR WITH DIELECTROPHORESIS CONCENTRATION FOR CARDIOMYOCYTE HYPERTROPHY SENSING (2006)

Cardiac hypertrophy is an established and independent risk factor for the development of heart failure and sudden cardiac death that may be regulated by growth factor such as Endothelin-1 (ET-1). The majority of existing techniques to monitor hypertrophy in vitro is based on florescence probes designed to show morphological and biochemical alterations indicative of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy In this paper, a new cardiomyocyte-based impedance sensing system with the assistance of dielectrophoresis (DEP) cell concentration is developed to monitor the dynamics process of ET-1 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This device can increase the sensitivity of the impedance system and also has the potential to reduce the time for detection by a significant factor.
Rising Tide of Cardiovascular Disease in American Indians (1999)

At present, CHD rates in American Indians exceed rates in other US populations and may more often be fatal. Unlike other ethnic groups, American Indians appear to have an increasing incidence of CHD, possibly related to the high prevalence of diabetes. In the general US population, the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes may reverse the decline in CVD death rates. Therefore, aggressive programs to control diabetes and its risk factors are needed.
Laser-based foil rear side metallization for crystalline silicon solar cells (2012)

In this contribution we present different results of our investigations regarding the use of aluminum foil as rear side metallization for solar cells with dielectric passivation and laser fired contacts (LFC). We investigate the impact of different laser processes on the resistance of the contacts, the adhesion properties of the foil and the efficiency potential. By fabricating highly efficient, 20×20 mm<sup>2</sup> sized solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 21.0 %, we demonstrate the high potential of this approach, which is equal to that of LFC-cells with common screen-printed or PVD metallization on the rear side. We investigated the optical properties of such metallized rear sides which benefit from an embedded air gap between foil and passivation layer. Finally, we present first solar cell results on industrially sized wafers (A=238 cm<sup>2</sup>) demonstrating again the equal efficiency potential compared to PVD metallization.
A study of H+ production using metal hydride and other compounds by means of laser ion source (2012)

A laser ion source can provide wide variety of ion beams from solid target materials, however, it has been difficult to create proton beam efficiently. We examined capability of proton production using beeswax, polyethylene, and metal hydrides (MgH(2) and ZrH(2)) as target materials. The results showed that beeswax and polyethylene could not be used to produce protons because these targets are transparent to the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. On the other hand, the metal hydrides could supply protons. Although the obtained particle numbers of protons were less than those of the metal ions, the metal hydrides could be used as a target for proton laser ion source.
Alternative economic approaches to estimating the costs of carbon dioxide mitigation (in Chinese). (1995)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is established as an initiator of signaling events critical for neurogenesis and mesoderm formation during early Xenopus embryogenesis. However, less is known about the role FGF signaling plays in endoderm specification. Here, we show for the first time that endoderm-specific genes are induced when FGF signaling is blocked in animal cap explants. This block of FGF signaling is also responsible for a significant enhancement of endodermal gene expression in animal cap explants that are injected with a dominant-negative BMP-4 receptor (DNBR) RNA or treated with activin, however, neural and mesoderm gene expression is diminished. Consistent with these results, the injection of dominant-negative FGF receptor (DNFR) RNA expands endodermal cell fate boundaries while FGF treatment dramatically reduces endoderm in whole embryos. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of FGF signaling promotes endoderm formation, whereas the presence of active FGF signaling is necessary for neurogenesis/mesoderm formation.
The influence of substitutional carbon on the Si/Ge interdiffusion studied by x-ray diffractometry at superlattice structures (1999)

Si/Ge interdiffusion in SiGe(C)/Si(C) superlattice (SL) structures with different positions and concentrations of substitutional carbon was studied under atmospheric and high hydrostatic pressure in the temperature range 700-950 °C for Ge (about 20%) and carbon (0-0.5%) concentrations, which are relevant for modern SiGe(C) device applications. The coefficient of the Si/Ge interdiffusion increases linearly with the carbon concentration and the total amount of carbon in the SL structure. With increasing hydrostatic pressure a further increase of the diffusion was observed. Both effects could be interpreted by a modification of the point defect spectrum with an undersaturation of Si self-interstitials and a supersaturation of vacancies.
Dependence of calculus retropulsion on pulse duration during HO: YAG laser lithotripsy (2006)

Less retropulsion and equivalent fragmentation occurred when Ho:YAG pulse duration increased.
Biologic therapies for gynecologic cancer (1995)

Recent advances in gynecologic tumor biology are discussed with an emphasis on the development of biologic therapy. Emerging knowledge regarding growth factors, regulatory cytokines, and cellular receptors offers new insight regarding tumor biology and the interaction of tumors with the host peritoneal cavity and immune system. Efforts to target ovarian cancer with antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens have begun to take advantage of molecular engineering techniques and have also explored an expanded panel of radionuclides with improved conjugation technology. It is hoped that these efforts will translate into successful strategies to improve the long-term survival of patients in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy.
Activated hepatic stellate cells promote tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Liver cirrhosis is the main risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the effector cells of hepatic fibrosis and also infiltrate the HCC stroma where they might play a critical role in HCC progression. Here we aimed to analyze the effects of activated HSC on the proliferation and growth of HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned media (CM) collected from HSC significantly induced proliferation and migration of HCC cells cultured in monolayers. In a 3-dimensional spheroid coculture system, HSC promoted HCC growth and diminished the extent of central necrosis. In accordance, in vivo simultaneous implantation of HSC and HCC cells into nude mice promoted tumor growth and invasiveness, and inhibited necrosis formation. As potential mechanism of the tumorigenic effects of HSC we identified activation of NFkappaB and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in HCC cells, two signaling cascades that play a crucial role in HCC progression. In summary, our data indicate that stromal HSC promotes HCC progression and suggest the HSC-HCC interaction as an interesting tumor differentiation-independent target for therapy of this highly aggressive cancer.
Morphological evolution of the self-assembled IrO<sub>2</sub> one-dimensional nanocrystals (2004)

In this paper, we report on a direct observation of the morphological evolution of one dimensional (1D) nanocrystals via a systematic metal?organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) study. Several IrO2 1D nanostructures have emerged as a result of a decrease in the degree of interface instability. The morphological evolution occurs from triangular/wedged nanorods via incomplete/scrolled nanotubes to square nanotubes and square nanorods according to the morphological stability. The results show that the polycrystalline films composed of continuous 3D grains belong to the most stable form as compared to the 1D nanocrystals. The shape evolution has been found to highly correlate to a morphological phase diagram based on the growth kinetics.