gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining Targeted Therapies (2008)

Many new agents have emerged in the drug development pipeline that target the mechanisms driving the development and progression of specific cancers. Ultimately, the goal is to create personalized treatment plans for each patient's tumor(s). Despite promising early preclinical data, only a handful of the targeted molecules developed thus far have shown benefit when used as single agents. The need to combine individual agents with existing therapies or in novel combinations has become increasingly important. A primary objective is to design drug combinations that can overcome drug resistance. Cross talk among signaling pathways and parallel pathways that contribute to tumor pathogenesis is thought to contribute to single-agent resistance. Combining cytostatic and cytotoxic therapies with targeted agents could help overcome resistance or prevent its development. The issues surrounding the combinatorial approach that are covered in this chapter are patient selection, toxicity profiles from additive and synergistic effects of combining chemotherapy with targeted therapy, and the importance of timing when combining targeted therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy. The variables that need to be considered when designing effective combinations of targeted agents are discussed. Finally, the chapter looks at ways to improve preclinical models. Sophisticated technologies, including microarray technologies leading to genomic profiling through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) or reverse phase array (RPPA) proteomic technology, which evaluates microarry data at the level of the gene and protein, are also covered along with the experience that investigators have had with various targeted agents that have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, including trastuzumab, epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, sorafenib and its combinations, and others.
The loquacious user (2005)

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of a document-independent technique for eliciting feedback from users about their information problems. We propose that such a technique can be used to elicit terms from users for use in query expansion and as a follow-up when ambiguous queries are initially posed by users. We design a feedback form to obtain additional information from users, administer the form to users after initial querying, and create a series of experimental runs based on the information that we obtained from the form. Results demonstrate that the form was successful at eliciting more information from users and that this additional information significantly improved retrieval performance. Our results further demonstrate a strong relationship between query length and performance.
Multiphoton absorption cross section and virtual-state spectroscopy for the entangled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-photon state (1998)

Using a microscopic theory, we determine the entangled $n$-photon state generated both by the nonlinear process of spontaneous $n$-photon parametric down-conversion and in a cascade of $n\ensuremath{-}1$ crystals with two-photon parametric down-conversions. Expressions for the entangled $n$-photon absorption cross sections are also obtained. The absorption cross sections exhibit a linear dependence on the photon flux density, and depend on the entanglement times characterizing photons. The effect of relative path delay in the beams is discussed. It forms the basis for extracting the quadrupole moments between states involved in the interaction from the absorption cross section measured as a function of path delay. Effects competitive with entangled three-photon absorption are discussed.
Algorithms for Temperature-Aware Task Scheduling in Microprocessor Systems (2008)

We study scheduling problems motivated by recently developed techniques for microprocessor thermal management at the operating systems level. The general scenario can be described as follows. The microprocessor's temperature is controlled by the hardware thermal management system that continuously monitors the chip temperature and automatically reduces the processor's speed as soon as the thermal threshold is exceeded. Some tasks are more CPU-intensive than other and thus generate more heat during execution. The cooling system operates non-stop, reducing (at an exponential rate) the deviation of the processor's temperature from the ambient temperature. As a result, the processor's temperature, and thus the performance as well, depends on the order of the task execution. Given a variety of possible underlying architectures, models for cooling and for hardware thermal management, as well as types of tasks, this scenario gives rise to a plethora of interesting and never studied scheduling problems. We focus on scheduling real-time jobs in a simplified model for cooling and thermal management. A collection of unit-length jobs is given, each job specified by its release time, deadline and heat contribution. If, at some time step, the temperature of the system is t and the processor executes a job with heat contribution h, then the temperature at the next step is (t+h)/2. The temperature cannot exceed the given thermal threshold T. The objective is to maximize the throughput, that is, the number of tasks that meet their deadlines. We prove that, in the offline case, computing the optimum schedule is NP-hard, even if all jobs are released at the same time. In the online case, we show a 2-competitive deterministic algorithm and a matching lower bound.
K_2SiF_6:Mn^4+ as a red phosphor for displays and warm-white LEDs: a review of properties and perspectives (2017)

Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) are energy efficient and environmentally friendly light sources with a long lifetime, applicable in both display backlights and general lighting.Adding red-emitting phosphors improves the color quality of white LEDs compared to the prototype combination of a blue LED and the yellow Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ .Efficient narrow-band red-emitting phosphors like K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ can meet the market's needs.This review recapitulates research since 2008 on K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ as the first and most discussed fluoride phosphor.The limited nephelauxetic effect, typical for fluorides, allows for the tuning of the Mn 4+ emission in the red part of the spectrum below 650 nm.This is reflected in the spectroscopic parameters of the crystal field theory.Synthesis methods are described, showing the evolution from etching Si wafers to solution synthesis resulting in consistent luminescent and thermal properties.Though important for applications, long-term stability is often neglected, although (in)organic coatings improving stability emerge.This leads not only to warm-white LEDs with high efficacies and good color rendering, but also to efficient displays with a large color gamut.
Rethinking Database System Architecture: Towards a Self-Tuning RISC-Style Database System (2000)

Database technology is one of the cornerstones for the new millennium&apos;s IT landscape. However, database systems as a unit of code packaging and deployment are at a crossroad: commercial systems have been adding features for a long time and have now reached complexity that makes them a difficult choice, in terms of their &quot;gain/pain ratio&quot;, as a central platform for value-added information services such as ERP or e-commerce. It is critical that database systems be easy to manage, predictable in their performance characteristics, and ultimately self-tuning. For this elusive goal, RISC-style simplification of server functionality and interfaces is absolutely crucial. We suggest a radical architectural departure in which database technology is packaged into much smaller RISC-style data managers with lean, specialized APIs, and with built-in self-assessment and auto-tuning capabilities 1. The Need for a New Departure Database technology has an extremely successful track r...
Dynamic time step synchronization method for road traffic simulation - application to RoboCup rescue simulation - (2007)

We have already proposed DTSS (event aware Dynamic Time Step Synchronization method) for speeding up moving objects (MOs) simulation, e.g. aircraft, ships, vehicles and so on, in a computer cluster environment. However, speeding up the simulation for a number of MOs on a single processor is required as well, when the problem size is enlarged. In this paper, we propose DTSS-RT (DTSS for Road Traffic simulation), which can speed up the simulation by reducing the simulation cost of each MO and synchronization cost between MOs without degrading the simulation accuracy. For evaluating DTSS-RT, we employed a road traffic sub-simulator of RoboCup Rescue simulation. The results show that the performance of the simulation based on DTSS-RT is improved approximately 2 - 3 times over that of the conventional method except when the situation includes a heavy traffic jam.
Micro-system Design for Wireless Endoscopy System (2005)

This paper proposes a micro-system design for the wireless endoscopic capsule, which assures that the capsule has small size(less than 25mm<sup>*</sup>10mm), can implement the diagnoses of whole human digestive tract and provide real time endoscopic image monitoring. The designs of two core hardware parts inside the capsule, low power analog-digital mix-mode single-chip and micro-antenna are discussed in detail. A new automatic retransmission request (ARQ) communication scheme is proposed for the high quality image communication system. The micro-antenna design with less than 9 mm diameter is implemented. The digital circuits have been verified on FPGAs and analog circuits have been simulated. The analog-digital mix-mode single-chip has been implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process.
An efficient method for simplifying support vector machines (2005)

In this paper we describe a new method to reduce the complexity of support vector machines by reducing the number of necessary support vectors included in their solutions. The reduction process iteratively selects two nearest support vectors belonging to the same class and replaces them by a newly constructed vector. Through the analysis of relation between vectors in the input and feature spaces, we present the construction of new vectors that requires to find the unique maximum point of a one-variable function on the interval (0, 1), not to minimize a function of many variables with local minimums in former reduced set methods. Experimental results on real life datasets show that the proposed method is effective in reducing number of support vectors and preserving machine's generalization performance.
Holography of erosion, corrosion, and mechanical wear: possible role of phase‐shifting interferometry (1996)

This PDF contains the communications section which includes Holography of erosion, corrosion, and mechanical wear: possible role of phase-shifting interferometry
Ferroelectric synapse device with brain-like learning function: Analog conductance control in a ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistor based on the timing difference between two pulses (2012)

2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Ferroelectric synapse device with brain-like learning function: Analog conductance control in a ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistor based on the timing difference between two pulses
Defending Synchrophasor Data Networks Against Traffic Analysis Attacks (2011)

The use of synchrophasor data for observation and control is expected to enhance the operation and efficiency of the next generation of power systems. However, the specific characteristics of the data generated by synchrophasors makes them particularly vulnerable to cyber attacks. This paper presents a set of strategies to protect the anonymity of synchrophasor data against passive traffic analysis attacks. Considering the periodic nature of synchrophasor data, we propose defense mechanisms based on packet concatenation and random packet drops as a countermeasure against attacks that may use the timing as well as data volume information to compromise the network. In contrast to existing defenses against traffic analysis attacks, our scheme can be easily deployed using the current networking infrastructure as it is based on end-to-end principles and does not require any specialized routers. The proposed defense mechanisms are evaluated using both analysis and simulations.
FESTOONS OF ORBICULARIS MUSCLE AS A CAUSE OF BAGGY EYELIDS (1978)

Occasionally, baggy eyelids are caused by a laxity of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The extent of these orbicularis festoons is evaluated by a careful examination--including the "squinch" and the "pinch" tests. We excise such festoons of excess muscle and then support the orbicularis oculi of the lower lid by using periosteal and muscular sutures. (Orbicularis plication is an alternate procedure for the lower lid). Any muscle festoons of the upper lid are simply excised.
Lineage Relationship Analysis of RORγt <sup>+</sup> Innate Lymphoid Cells (2010)

Lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells initiate the development of lymphoid tissues through the activation of local stromal cells in a process similar to inflammation. LTi cells express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt, which also directs the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 in T cells. We show here that LTi cells are part of a larger family of proinflammatory RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that differentiate from distinct fetal liver RORγt(+) precursors. The fate of RORγt(+) ILCs is determined by mouse age, and after birth, favors the generation of cells involved in intestinal homeostasis and defense. Contrary to RORγt(+) T cells, however, RORγt(+) ILCs develop in the absence of microbiota. Our study indicates that RORγt(+) ILCs evolve to preempt intestinal colonization by microbial symbionts.
Towards Independent Control of Multiple Magnetic Mobile Microrobots (2015)

In this paper, we have developed an approach for independent autonomous navigation of multiple microrobots under the influence of magnetic fields and validated it experimentally. We first developed a heuristics based planning algorithm for generating collision-free trajectories for the microrobots that are suitable to be executed by an available magnetic field. Second, we have modeled the dynamics of the microrobots to develop a controller for determining the forces that need to be generated for the navigation of the robots along the trajectories at a suitable control frequency. Next, an optimization routine is developed to determine the input currents to the electromagnetic coils that can generate the required forces for the navigation of the robots at the controller frequency. We then validated our approach by simulating an electromagnetic system that contains an array of sixty-four magnetic microcoils designed for generating local magnetic fields suitable for simultaneous independent actuation of multiple microrobots. Finally, we prototyped an m m -scale version of the system and present experimental results showing the validity of our approach.
Obstructive sleep apnoea – an update (2009)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by the repetitive complete or partial collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It results in intermittent hypoxaemia and hypercapnia, cortical arousals and surges of sympathetic activity. The occurrence of OSA has also been linked to serious long-term adverse health consequences; such as hypertension, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive deficits and motor vehicle accidents. There have been several advances in the field of particular clinical importance: (i) the development of portable monitoring as part of a simplified clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of OSA in selected patients; (ii) growing awareness of the cardio-metabolic health consequences of OSA and (iii) emerging evidence to support a range of non-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment modalities, such as oral appliances.
Genetic Transformation of Wheat (1998)

Genetic transformation of plants is a technique by which foreign DNA is introduced into plant cells, leading to regeneration of transgenic plants, with new features resulting from integration and expression of the foreign DNA. This technique has become an indispensable tool, both for plant biotechnologists to incorporate agronomically useful genes into crops, and for plant molecular biologists to test a particular structural gene or promoter in plant cells. Plant virologists use this technique to study the relationship between a viral pathogen and its host, and to introduce antiviral genes into plants to combat viral diseases.
Biochemical and morphological characterization of the killing of human monocytes by a leukotoxin derived from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (1980)

A potent, heat-labile leukotoxic material was extracted from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (strain Y4), an anaerobic gram-negative microorganism originally isolated from subgingival plaque in a patient with juvenile periodontitis. The cytopathic effects of Y4 toxin on purified monocytes were studied by the extracellular release of radioactive cytoplasmic markers and cell enzymes and by time-lapse microcinematography. Y4 toxin rapidly bound to the cells, producing dose- and time-dependent alterations culminating in cell death and release of intracellular constituents into the culture medium. The evidence to be presented suggests that the cell membrane of the monocyte may be the primary target in the development of these phenomena. Previous studies have shown that Y4 toxin also kills human polymorphonuclear leukocytes but not other cell types. It is conceivable that disruption of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes by Y4 toxin in the gingival crevice area may be relevant in the pathogenesis of juvenile periodontitis.
Effects of pretreatment with ketoprofen and phenylbutazone on experimentally induced synovitis in horses (1996)

This reversible model induced synovial fluid alterations similar to those observed in horses with septic arthritis. Results indicate that phenylbutazone may be more useful than ketoprofen in treating acute joint inflammation.
Impact of CMOS processing steps on the drain current kink of NMOSFETs at liquid helium temperature (2001)

The impact of certain CMOS processing steps on the drain current kink in nMOSFETs fabricated in a 0.7-/spl mu/m technology and operated at liquid helium temperatures (LHTs) is investigated, The kink is successfully suppressed when implementing a lightly-doped drain (LDD) or a p-well, while the application of a threshold voltage adjust implantation has a more subtle effect. In order to understand the observations in more detail the impact ionization rate in the different splits is analyzed, whereby particular efforts are spent to accurately determine the saturation drain voltage V/sub DSAT/ from the 4.2 K output characteristics. An optimized method based on the extrapolation of the output resistance yields consistent data and a critical field for inversion layer velocity saturation of (1.2/spl plusmn/0.1)/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/cm at 4.2 K. It is finally demonstrated that a high-energy room-temperature proton irradiation has a qualitatively similar beneficial effect on the kink as the use of an LDD, for example.
Impaired discrimination between stereoisomers of alpha-tocopherol in patients with familial isolated vitamin E deficiency. (1993)

We assessed whether patients with familial isolated vitamin E deficiency could discriminate between natural (RRR-) and synthetic (SRR-) stereoisomers of alpha-tocopherol labeled with six (d6) or three (d3) deuterium atoms, respectively. After oral administration of 20 mg of each of the stereoisomers, patients (seven) and controls (seven) had similar concentrations of both in chylomicrons, similar initial increases of both, and similar rates of decrease of d3-SRR-alpha-tocopherol in plasma. Patients and controls differed in their abilities to maintain plasma d6-RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Controls maintained plasma d6-RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations by preferentially secreting it in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Three of seven patients did not discriminate between the two stereoisomers and their plasma and lipoprotein d6-RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations declined rapidly. The remaining patients were intermediate between non-discriminators and controls in their ability to discriminate and maintain plasma d6-RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations. The degree of discrimination between the two stereoisomers in the patients was correlated with the age of onset of the neurologic disability (r2 = 0.64, P < 0.03). Estimates based on the rate of decrease of plasma d6-RRR-alpha-tocopherol in non-discriminators suggest that the entire plasma alpha-tocopherol pool of normal subjects is replaced daily. We suggest 1) that a hepatic alpha-tocopherol binding protein, which preferentially incorporates RRR-alpha-tocopherol into VLDL, is required to maintain plasma RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations; 2) that non-discriminators are lacking this protein, or have a marked defect in the RRR-alpha-tocopherol binding region of the protein; and 3) that patients who discriminate, but have difficulty maintaining plasma RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations, have a less severe defect, or perhaps a defect in the transfer function of the protein.
Feline leukemia virus envelope gp70 of subgroups B and C defined by monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic and neutralizing functions. (1983)

Nine murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the envelope proteins of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are described. Eight MAb are directed to epitopes of the same molecular species of gp70 and the other MAb is directed to the p15E moiety. Six of the gp70 epitopes are discrete; two are closely associated or overlapping. Four anti-gp70 MAb (2 of IgG2A and 2 of IgG2B subclasses) were directly cytotoxic for FeLV-producer lymphoma cells with cat or with rabbit complement (C). Another MAb (IgG2B), which was not cytotoxic alone, specifically and synergistically increased the cytotoxic effects of both IgG2A MAb. Cytotoxic anti-gp70 MAb also had virus-neutralizing capacity; one MAb recognized a determinant common to all FeLV subgroups (A, B, and C), the others recognized gp70 epitopes not present on subgroup A but common to both B and C subgroups. Competitive inhibition of MAb binding was employed to map spatial distributions of the epitopes, and the results fitted a molecule shaped as an incomplete loop. According to the model, epitopes involved with cytotoxic and virus neutralizing antibody functions were closely associated; the region involved is approximately in the center of the molecule, and it contains epitopes that are variably expressed among individual isolates of FeLV derived from different cat lymphoma cell lines.
Novel low-loss delay line for broadband phased antenna array applications (1996)

The microwave propagation velocity along a nonlinear transmission line is a function of dc bias, hence, a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) can be utilized as a broadband delay line. A hybrid NLTL has been fabricated in a proof-of-principle experimental concept test where a 1.1-ns true time delay with <4-dB insertion loss has been measured in good agreement with theory. A 2/spl times/2 NLTL-based antenna array has been utilized to demonstrate beam steering at 5 GHz. Using parameters appropriate to varactors tested by our group at 60 GHz, a monolithic NLTL is predicted to exhibit <3.4-dB insertion loss and 200 ps delay at 20 GHz.