gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion Channels and Insulin Secretion (1990)

We review the role of ion channels in regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. By controlling ion permeability, ion channels at the membrane play a major role in regulating both electrical activity and signal transduction in the beta-cell. A proximal step in the cascade of events required for stimulus-secretion coupling is the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, resulting in cell depolarization. Of particular relevance is the finding that this channel is directly regulated by a metabolite of glucose, which is the primary insulin secretagogue. In addition, this channel, or a closely associated protein, contains the sulfonylurea-binding site. Another K+ channel, the Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel, may be involved in cell repolarization to create homeostasis. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are activated by cell depolarization and regulate Ca2+ influx into the cell. By controlling cytosolic free-Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), these channels play an important role in transducing the initial stimulus to the effector systems that modulate insulin secretion. The link between a rise in [Ca2+]i and the terminal event of exocytosis is the least-understood aspect of stimulus-secretion coupling. However, phosphorylation studies have identified substrate proteins that may correspond to those involved in smooth muscle contraction, suggesting an analogy in the processes of stimulus secretion and excitation contraction. The advent of new methodology, particularly the patch-clamp technique, has fostered a more detailed characterization of the beta-cell ion channels. Furthermore, biochemical and molecular approaches developed for the structural analysis of ion channels in other tissues can now be applied to the isolation and characterization of the beta-cell ion channels. This is of particular significance because there appear to be tissue-specific variations in the different types of ion channels. Given the importance of ion channels in cell physiology, a knowledge of the structure and properties of these channels in the beta-cell is required for understanding the abnormalities of insulin secretion that occur in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ultimately, these studies should also provide new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of this disease.
Tunneling‐Assisted Photon Emission in MIM Junctions (1991)

Abstract Analytical expressions for the intensity of light emission associated with the inelastic tunneling of electrons in sandwich structures are obtained for semiclassical and quantum‐mechanical descriptions of the electron gas in electrodes. It is shown that in the quantum case the light intensity and currents of elastically tunneling electrons depend on the longitudinal density of electron states in the cathode and anode. Consideration is given to MIM junctions with crystallogrphically oriented electrodes exhibiting density peaks of free and occupied states near the Fermi levels. To increase the spectral intensity of the tunneling‐assisted photon emission in MIM junctions, it is proposed to use the electrodes made of such transition metals as Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Fe, as well as of Pt and β‐NiAl which possess the above features.
Blind Source Separation Using Incomplete De-mixing Transform with a Precise Approach for Selecting Constrained Sets of Frequencies (2018)

This paper presents a modification of the Natural Gradient algorithm for Independent Vector Analysis estimating incomplete de-mixing transform and performing its completion. Incomplete de-mixing transform is obtained when it is estimated only on subsets of most active frequencies of the sources. The transform is then completed using methods for sparse reconstruction. In previous works, the incomplete subset of frequencies was the same for all separated signals. In this paper, we propose a new approach in which the subsets are source-dependent. Experiments conducted on the CHiME-4 dataset show that the proposed approach improves the separation performance.
Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (2013)

ATRA plus arsenic trioxide is at least not inferior and may be superior to ATRA plus chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with low-to-intermediate-risk APL. (Funded by Associazione Italiana contro le Leucemie and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00482833.).
Failure analysis of thermal degradation of TIM during power cycling (2014)

This paper discusses a thermal reliability testing experiment and failure analysis (FA) in 32nm SOI Si technology chip packages. Thermal performance of the TIM materials is monitored and physical failure analysis is performed on test vehicle packages post thermal reliability test. Thermomechanical modeling is conducted for different test conditions. TIM thermal degradation is observed at the chip center area in the batch of samples post power cycling (PC) test, while the TIM performance remains normal in the other batch of samples post thermal aging (TA) test. Physical FA findings after TIM bond line thickness measurement (at the chip corners and chip center) and unlidding to inspect the TIM surface morphology confirmed the failure mode is TIM to chip tearing. Finite element modeling results indicate significant difference of stress status in TIM and sealband adhesive between PC and TA test. The TIM experiences compressive stress during PC test, while it is in tensile stress during TA test.
Symptoms, atopy, and bronchial reactivity after lower respiratory infection in infancy. (1984)

We studied the prevalence of subsequent respiratory symptoms and the relation between atopic status and bronchial reactivity in 200 index children and their controls 7 years after acute lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. Index children with recurrent symptoms differed from controls in respect of social and family characteristics and atopic background. Ventilatory function was diminished and bronchial reactivity increased. Symptom free index children also came from poorer environmental backgrounds, but did not otherwise differ from controls. 'Atopic' index children differed significantly from controls in respect of subsequent symptoms and ventilatory function and similar adverse trends were observed in 'non-atopic' index children. A comparable proportion of 'atopic' and 'non-atopic' index children showed bronchial reactivity (33.5% and 38.9% respectively). Index subgroups with and without bronchial reactivity had increased cough and wheeziness compared with respective matched controls. The former included children with 'established' asthma and the latter those with 'established' bronchitis. Atopic backgrounds were similar in both subgroups, with no differences between cases and controls. These findings suggest that atopic background and bronchial reactivity are not closely related but may contribute independently to the persistence of symptoms after respiratory infections in infancy. Bronchial reactivity may be a more useful basis than atopic status on which to separate children with episodic cough or wheeze, or both, into 'asthmatic' and 'bronchitic' subgroups.
Li<sub>3</sub>V(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>: A New Material for Both Li Extraction and Insertion (2010)

Besides topotactical Li insertion, Li deinsertion also is possible for the new potential electrode material Li3V(MoO4)3, in contrast to isostructural Li3Fe(MoO4)3. This new phase crystallizes in an orthorhombic NASICON-type structure with large channels along the crystallographic a-axis, which are half-filled by Li atoms. A reversible reduction of Li3V(MoO4)3 occurs at 2.1 V, with the formation of isostructural Li4V(MoO4)3, whereas an oxidation to Li2V(MoO4)3 is found at 3.7 V, preserving the space-group symmetry. The first charge/discharge cycle differs significantly from the following ones. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, Li extraction is associated with vanadium oxidation (V3+ ⇒ V4+) and Li intercalation is accompanied mainly by molybdenum reduction (Mo6+ ⇒ Mo5+), but also is partially associated with vanadium reduction (V3+ ⇒ V2+). In situ synchrotron diffraction on a LixV(MoO4)3 cathode with x ≈ 3 during the first discharge/charge cycle revealed a monotonous increase of the lattice volume and of the lattice parameter a during Li insertion from x = 3 to x = 3.5, but a multiphase mechanism for 3.5 ≤ x ≤ 4. At x ≤ 2.95, a monotonous decrease of the lattice volume was observed. The paramagnetic moments of LixV(MoO4)3 (x = 2, 3, 4) are smaller than the theoretical values, calculated for spin-only contributions from V4+, V3+, and V2+, respectively, which might indicate the partially delocalized character of the V valence electrons.
[Endoscopic classification of healing process in tracheobronchial tuberculosis]. (1993)

Out of 404 patients with pulmonary and/or tracheobronchial tuberculosis treated during the last 10 years at Kurume University Hospital and St. Mary Hospital, in 41 patients, who had been histopathologically or bacteriologically diagnosed as having active tracheobronchial tuberculosis, tracheobronchial lesions were examined by use of bronchofiberscope. Most patients were treated by a combination of three antituberculous agents (INH, RFP and SM or EB). In 31 patients out of the 41 patients, broncho-fiberscopic examinations were performed twice or more. We observed the ulcerous lesions of bronchial tuberculosis at various stages of healing, and could classify the ulcerous lesions into the following three stages. Active Stage: stage A; ulcer formation without regenerating epithelium, Healing Stage: stage H; ulcer formation with regenerating epithelium, Scarring Stage: stage S; and no ulcer formation. Only the lesions of stage A were observed before treatment. In many patients during the first and second month of treatment, the lesions were stage A or H. It was found that healing of the lesions of tracheobronchial tuberculosis progressed through the stages A, H, and S, in this order. The smear positive rates in sputum were 88.5% in stage A, 12.9% in stage H and 5.0% in stage S. The culture positive rates in sputum were 88.5% in stage A, 20.0% in stage H, and 0% in stage S. We conclude that at least 3 months were generally required for the healing of tracheobronchial tuberculosis with ulcerous lesion. However, it seems that the period of time for healing of ulcerous lesions is shorter in patients who are treated by aerosol therapy with SM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Al-Si-Li Filler Metal that Enhances Brazeability of High-Strength Alloys in CAB and Vacuum (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new family of Al-Si filler metals that contain low levels of Li has been developed for use in both vacuum and NOCOLOK™ brazing processes. The use of Li in the filler metal makes it possible to use the same core-clad combinations for both brazing processes; specifically, higher strength core alloys that contain up to 0.5% Mg. When a Mg-containing core alloy has been clad with the new Li filler metal and is controlled atmosphere brazed, it develops fillets that are equal to or larger than those obtained with conventional Mg-free CAB alloys. No flux penalty was observed when NOCOLOK brazing core alloys that contained about 0.5% Mg. Vacuum brazing the Li-containing filler metals clad to a 0.5% Mg-containing core alloy resulted in fillets that were 200% to 400% larger than typically observed in conventional vacuum brazing sheet that contained 0.25% Mg in the liner. Lithium is much more surface active than Mg; at very low Li levels, near 0.1% for example, the filler metal (liquid-vapor) surface tension is reduced about 25% when compared with conventional Al-10%Si-0.2%Mg alloys. This decrease in surface tension enhances wettability and allows fillet formation to occur before significant Mg poisoning of the flux occurs. The optimum Li range for CAB was found to be 0.01% to 0.05% wt. The optimum Li level for the vacuum brazing process ranges from 0.01% to 0.3% wt.</div>
Mastocitoma em cão (1957)

The authors describe the anatomic-pathological and haematological features of a multiple mastocitoma in a dog. They draw the attention of pathologists to this type of blastoma which has not yet been reported in Brazil, although being very frequent in others countries. They try experimental reproduction, but without success. After discussing the fixation as well as the histamine and heparin contents of the neoplastic cells, the authors coment on the local and haematic eosinophilie suggesting an explanation for this fact.
Divergence of Function in the Thioredoxin Fold Suprafamily:  Evidence for Evolution of Peroxiredoxins from a Thioredoxin-like Ancestor (2004)

The thioredoxin fold is found in proteins that serve a wide variety of functions. Among these are peroxiredoxins, which catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and alkyl peroxides. Although the common structural fold shared by thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins suggests the possibility that they have evolved from a common progenitor, it has been difficult to examine this hypothesis in depth because pairwise sequence identities between proteins in these two superfamilies are statistically insignificant. Using the Shotgun program, we have found that sequences of reductases involved in maturation of cytochromes in certain bacteria bridge the sequences of thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins. Analysis of motifs found in a divergent set of thioredoxins, cytochrome maturation proteins, and peroxiredoxins provides further support for an evolutionary relationship between these proteins. Within the conserved motifs are specific residues that are characteristic of individual protein classes, and therefore are likely to be involved in the specific functions of those classes. We have used this information, in combination with existing structural and functional information, to gain new insight into the structure-function relationships in these proteins and to construct a model for the emergence of peroxiredoxins from a thioredoxin-like ancestor.
The impact of parse quality on syntactically-informed statistical machine translation (2006)

We investigate the impact of parse quality on a syntactically-informed statistical machine translation system applied to technical text. We vary parse quality by varying the amount of data used to train the parser. As the amount of data increases, parse quality improves, leading to improvements in machine translation output and results that significantly outperform a state-of-the-art phrasal baseline.
Quality assessment of a telephone care system utilizing non-physician personnel. (1978)

An approach to providing medical care by telephone is described and its content and quality assessed by means of an outcome study. Pediatric health assistants have been trained to evaluate, triage and offer home management advice in lieu of an office visit for medical problems presented by parents via telephone. During a four-week study period, data were collected on all calls (N = 2520) using a telephone encounter form. Fifty-nine per cent of all calls involved requests for care of illness, 30 per cent of which were independently handled by the health assistant. Quality of care was evaluated for those cases who received advice in home management by means of a seven day follow-up interview with parents (N = 247). Access, parent satisfaction, residual symptoms, and the need for further care were ascertained. Greater than 90 per cent of parents expressed satisfaction and 92 per cent of problems had resolved. Results indicate that this telephone care system can effectively sort out and advise parents in home management for the many minor problems which occur in a pediatric practice, thereby increasing time for direct contact with patients.
Exceptional Resilience of Small-Scale Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>Zn<sub>45</sub>under Cyclic Stress-Induced Phase Transformation (2016)

Shape memory alloys that produce and recover from large deformation driven by martensitic transformation are widely exploited in biomedical devices and microactuators. Generally their actuation work degrades significantly within first a few cycles and is reduced at smaller dimensions. Further, alloys exhibiting unprecedented reversibility have relatively small superelastic strain, 0.7%. These raise the questions of whether high reversibility is necessarily accompanied by small work and strain and whether high work and strain is necessarily diminished at small scale. Here we conclusively demonstrate that these are not true by showing that Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>Zn<sub>45</sub> pillars exhibit 12 MJ m<sup>-3</sup> work and 3.5% superelastic strain even after 100 000 phase transformation cycles. Our findings confirm that the lattice compatibility dominates the mechanical behavior of phase-changing materials at nano to micron scales and points a way for smart microactuators design having the mutual benefits of high actuation work and long lifetime.
Forming Virtualized Secure Framework for Location Based Services (LBS) using Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) protocol (2010)

The tremendous growth in mobile and wireless communications comes with more pervasive applications. Current mobile device platform does not allow a local or remote user to attest the target platform. The limitation of using existing software-based protection alone can be easily affected by malicious codes and it cannot assure its own integrity. In this paper, we explore a new approach of anonymity issues in Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) which will result in the privacy enhancement of user personal data and location information in mobile network services. We create the foundation for running trusted applications, network and services on top of existing Mobile Location Protocol (MLP). We also propose a Virtualized Secure Framework between mobile devices (clients) and Location Based Services (LBS) Server in Virtual Machine (VM) environment based on Direct Anonymous Attestation protocol. Trusted Platform Module (TPM) acts as the foundation for mobile security mechanisms and privacy of user's information. Virtualization is needed to improve the utilization of existing computing resources and to reduce hardware. Every single device found in a physical machine will be virtualized in the VMs. DAA protocol is proposed to anonymously verify the authority of users and preserve privacy of user's private location information.
[The study of adsorption properties of SAPO-34 molecular sieve by in situ DRIFTS]. (2002)

The adsorption of H2O, NH3 and NO in molecular sieve SAPO-34 was studied by in situ DRIFTS at temperatures from 298 K to 773 K. The results show that the phenomenon of adsorption is reversible for H2O, but not for NH3 and NO. The water in SAPO 34 is absolutely deadsorbed at 623 K and the bridged Si-OH-Al group is observed at 3,625-3,600 cm-1. It is found that SAPO-34 displays good adsorption-catalysis activity for NH3 and NO. After adsorbing NH3, the bridged hydroxyls disappear, but three peaks appear at 3,135, 3,032 and 1,399 cm-1 at 423 K, and reach their climax at 673 K. The height of the peaks are 3.9, 1.7 and 6.7 times as much as SAPO-34 framework peak's, respectively. A strong and sharp peak is also observed at 1,364 cm-1 after NO adsorption at room temperature, and it exhibit approximately the same intensity with the framework peak. Analysis of these peaks indicate that there could produce new species NO3-.
Soft error rates in solder bumped packaging (2002)

Many of the heavier elements used in chip packaging undergo radioactive decay and emit energetic alpha particles. Although the rate of emission is extremely low in terms of health concerns, over the operational life of a circuit the probability of a radiation-induced soft error can be substantial. In this paper I review the physical basis of alpha particle emission and present measurements of the alpha particle emission from materials used in MCNC's solder bumping process, including PbSn solder and BCB.
Latin-American Frontiers (1940)

Latin-American Frontiers. Un article de la revue Report of the Annual Meeting / Rapports annuels de la Société historique du Canada (Volume 19, numéro 1, 1940, p. 5-134) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
A literature review of the pathophysiology and onset of post‐stroke spasticity (2011)

Further understanding of spasticity risk factors is necessary for the development and integration of early interventions and preventive measures to reduce spasticity onset and severity.
Transplantation of Human Glial Restricted Progenitors and Derived Astrocytes into a Contusion Model of Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Transplantation of neural progenitors remains a promising therapeutic approach to spinal cord injury (SCI), but the anatomical and functional evaluation of their effects is complex, particularly when using human cells. We investigated the outcome of transplanting human glial-restricted progenitors (hGRP) and astrocytes derived from hGRP (hGDA) in spinal cord contusion with respect to cell fate and host response using athymic rats to circumvent xenograft immune issues. Nine days after injury hGRP, hGDA, or medium were injected into the lesion center and rostral and caudal to the lesion, followed by behavioral testing for 8 weeks. Both hGRP and hGDA showed robust graft survival and extensive migration. The total number of cells increased 3.5-fold for hGRP, and twofold for hGDA, indicating graft expansion, but few proliferating cells remained by 8 weeks. Grafted cells differentiated into glia, predominantly astrocytes, and few remained at progenitor state. About 80% of grafted cells around the injury were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive, gradually decreasing to 40-50% at a distance of 6 mm. Conversely, there were few graft-derived oligodendrocytes at the lesion, but their numbers increased away from the injury to 30-40%. Both cell grafts reduced cyst and scar formation at the injury site compared to controls. Microglia/macrophages were present at and around the lesion area, and axons grew along the spared tissue with no differences among groups. There were no significant improvements in motor function recovery as measured by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and grid tests in all experimental groups. Cystometry revealed that hGRP grafts attenuated hyperactive bladder reflexes. Importantly, there was no increased sensory or tactile sensitivity associated with pain, and the hGDA group showed sensory function returning to normal. Although the improved lesion environment was not sufficient for robust functional recovery, the permissive properties and lack of sensory hypersensitivity indicate that human GRP and astrocytes remain promising candidates for therapy after SCI.
Outer membrane antigens of Neisseria meningitidis group B serotype 2 studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (1979)

This study shows that the capsular polysaccharide, protein, and lipopolysaccharide antigens from the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis group B serotype 2 may be identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. By using this technique, seven precipitates were resolved when outer membrane preparations were reacted against goat anti-whole cell group B type 2 antiserum. Most of these precipitates were identified by comparison with purified reference preparations. Different outer membrane preparations, reflecting different growth conditions, varied in their compositions of lipopolysaccharide, protein, and polysaccharide. Detergent treatment altered the protein and lipopolysaccharide precipitation patterns. In the presence of detergent, the lipopolysaccharide did not precipitate, and the electrophoretic migration of the protein antigens decreased. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis is a useful qualitative method for analysis of the antigenic components of the meningococcal outer membrane. The crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel technique is presently being used to measure the human immune response to the different cell surface components.