gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular ordering and gold migration observed in butanethiol self-assembled monolayers using scanning tunneling microscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular ordering and gold migration observed in butanethiol self-assembled monolayers using scanning tunneling microscopyG. E. Poirier and M. J. TarlovCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 27, 10966–10970Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100027a042https://doi.org/10.1021/j100027a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Plant and algal cell walls: diversity and functionality (2014)

The importance of plant and algal cell walls and their individual components to the function and survival of the organism, and for a number of industrial applications, are illustrated by the breadth of topics covered in this issue, which includes papers concentrating on various plants and algae, developmental stages, organs, cell wall components, and techniques. Although we acknowledge that there are many alternative ways in which the papers could be categorized (and many would fit within several topics), we have organized them as follows: (1) cell wall biosynthesis and remodelling, (2) cell wall diversity, and (3) application of new technologies to cell walls. Finally, we will consider future directions within plant cell wall research. Expansion of the industrial uses of cell walls and potentially novel uses of cell wall components are both avenues likely to direct future research activities. Fundamentally, it is the continued progression from characterization (structure, metabolism, properties and localization) of individual cell wall components through to defining their roles in almost every aspect of plant and algal physiology that will present many of the major challenges in future cell wall research.
Low resistivity HfN<sub>x</sub> grown by plasma-assisted ALD with external rf substrate biasing (2018)

Application of an external rf substrate bias during the H<sub>2</sub> plasma half cycle leads to a significant decrease in film resistivity resulting from a major reduction of O content and an increase in the Hf<sup>3+</sup> oxidation state fraction in HfN<sub>x</sub> thin films
Semen parameters in a fertile Swiss population (2007)

No men fulfilled all criteria of normality in the different sperm parameters examined. The most striking results are that the upper limits of normal morphology and viability seem to be too high. Concentration and rapid progressive motility appear to have a high impact on fertility. The combination of several criteria is probably more predictive than a single parameter.
HEA 125 and Ber EP4: two monoclonal anti-epithelial, non-cytokeratin antibodies distinguishing metastatic carcinomas from glial tumors. (1993)

Since some monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies also react with glial tumors to a relatively high degree, an immunohistochemical study was performed to examine the reaction of 40 glial tumors and neuroepithelial tumors with glial differentiation to the monoclonal anti-epithelial non-cytokeratin antibodies HEA 125 and Ber EP4. Seven of these tumors were cytokeratin-positive neoplasms (6 gliosarcomas and 1 ependymoma). In addition, 20 metastatic carcinomas were investigated. All glial tumors showed a negative reaction to HEA 125 and Ber EP4, whereas 19 of the 20 metastatic carcinomas were positive with these two monoclonal antibodies. HEA 125 and Ber EP4 thus can be used as additional markers especially in cytokeratin-negative small cell carcinomas.
Transforming genes in human leukemia cells (1985)

High-molecular weight DNAs of fresh bone marrow cells from 32 patients with fresh leukemia were assayed for the presence of transmissible activated transforming genes by a DNA-mediated gene transfer technique using NIH/3T3 cells. DNAs of bone marrow cells from four of the 32 patients induced transformation of NIH/3T3 cells. Two of the four cases, a chronic myelogenous leukemia and an acute lymphocytic leukemia, contained activated N-ras oncogenes. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the lesion responsible for the transforming activity was localized to a single nucleotide transition from guanine to thymine in codon 12 of the predicted protein in each of the two cases. These observations indicate that activation of N-ras oncogenes is independent of the specific stage of cell differentiation or the leukemia phenotype. The other two transforming genes associated with an acute myelogenous leukemia and an acute lymphocytic leukemia showed homology neither with members of the ras gene family nor with the human Blym-1 gene. Thus, the NIH/3T3 transfection assay frequently detects activated N-ras oncogenes in human leukemias, while other transforming genes, distinct from the ras gene family, can be detected in some leukemias by the transfection assay.
Histological diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. (1991)

Fifty nine patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diarrhoea and 20 with weight loss were investigated for microsporidiosis using light and electron microscopical examination of duodenal and jejunal biopsy specimens. Eight cases of microsporidiosis were found, in five of whom it was the sole pathogen. In all eight cases the organism was identified at light microscopy without prior knowledge of the electron microscopical findings. All stages of the life cycle are best seen in resin sections cut at 1 micron and stained with Giemsa, but spores could easily be identified in paraffin sections cut at 5 microns and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In all cases the parasite was identified both in duodenal pinch and jejunal "Crosby" capsule biopsy specimens. All cases of microsporidiosis occurred in patients with diarrhoea. Both electron and light microscopical examination suggested that the pathogenic mechanism involves the shedding of infected enterocytes containing large numbers of spores. It is suggested that the optimal way to diagnose microsporidiosis is by light microscopical examination of duodenal pinch biopsy specimens.
3D Laser Scanning for Image-Guided Neurosurgery (1994)

This paper describes on-going work by the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) and The University of Michigan Medical Center to develop a new approach to frameless stereotsxy, in which patient-image registration is accomplished using a 3D laser imaging sensor and precaptured CT scans. Alternative methods under development for frameless stereotactic neurosurgery are reviewed and compared.
Isogeometric Discrete Differential Forms in Three Dimensions (2011)

The concept of isogeometric analysis (IGA) was first applied to the approximation of Maxwell equations in [A. Buffa, G. Sangalli, and R. VÃ¡zquez, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 199 (2010), pp. 1143-1152]. The method is based on the construction of suitable B-spline spaces such that they verify a De Rham diagram. Its main advantages are that the geometry is described exactly with few elements, and the computed solutions are smoother than those provided by finite elements. In this paper we develop the theoretical background to the approximation of vector fields in IGA. The key point of our analysis is the definition of suitable projectors that render the diagram commutative. The theory is then applied to the numerical approximation of Maxwell source problems and eigenproblems, and numerical results showing the good behavior of the scheme are also presented. Copyright Â© 2011 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
A Time Domain Mixed-Mode Temperature Sensor with Digital Set-Point Programming (2006)

To realize the on-chip temperature monitoring of VLSI chips, an accurate time domain mixed-mode CMOS temperature sensor based on delay lines is proposed. Without any bipolar transistor, a temperature sensor composed of single delay line is utilized to generate the delay time proportional to the measured temperature. A succeeding multiplexer (MUX), instead of conventional voltage/current DAC or external resistor, along with a reference delay line is used to program the set-point. The test chips were fabricated in a TSMC CMOS 0.35-mum 2P4M digital process and have a small chip area of 0.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With the similar second order curvature correction adopted in conventional smart sensors, the achieved measurement error is within plusmn0.8degC over -40degC~95degC temperature range. The effective resolution is about 0.5degC with a 256-to-1 MUX. The power consumption is 9 muW at a sampling rate of 20 samples/s and a measurement rate as high as 1MHz is feasible
Studies on L-Aspartic Acid Fermentation (1964)

(1) フマル酸から醗酵法によるL-アスパラギン酸の生産に薬剤を応用する方法について検討した. (2) 各種細菌を使用して培養の比較的初期に薬剤を添加してL-アスパラギン酸の生産性に対する影響を調べたところ,広い菌種にわたって効果を認めた.特に従来L-アスパラギン酸生産能の著しく劣っていた, Brevibacterium,及びMicrobacteriumに属する細菌が,醗酵培地に薬剤を添加することによってL-アスパラギン酸の生産性を顕著に増大した. (3) Brevibacterium ammoniagenesを用いて薬剤の選択を行ったところCTAB, CPC,アセタミン24等のカチオン界面活性剤, SLS,アノンBF等アニナン及び両性界面活性剤,オレイン酸,リノール酸等の高級脂肪酸ペニシリン等がL-アスパラギン酸の生成に有効であった. (4) 薬剤の添加時期とl-アスパラギン酸生産性との関係について調べた結果培養初期の添加はいずれの場合も高いL-アスパラギン酸の生成を認めたが,培養が比較的進んだ時期の添加では収量が低下した. (5) フマル酸の仕込濃度が7.5g/100mlまでは定量的にl-アスパラギン酸を生成したが, 10%をえると菌の生育が抑制され,それに伴って収量も減少した. (6) 培養過程におけるアスパルターゼ活性の経時的変化を追跡したところ,菌の増殖が最も旺盛な時期に高い活性を示した. (7) 薬剤の添加時間と菌の増殖時期及びアスパルターゼ活性との問に深い関係があると推定された.アセタミン24,オレイン酸ソーダ,ペニシリン等の薬剤とアスパルターゼ活性及び菌体内遊離アミノ酸との関係について調べた結果,薬剤の種類によってその作用点が異なっているがいずれも透過性の改善に作用していることが推定された. 終りに臨み,本研究の発表を許可された旭化成食品事業部,宮井次長,川野参事,山本工場長に感謝いたします,なお,本研究は第9回アミノ酸・核酸集談会において発表した.
Addressing substrate coupling in mixed-mode ICs: simulation and power distribution synthesis (1994)

This paper describes new techniques for the simulation and power distribution synthesis of mixed analog/digital integrated circuits considering the parasitic coupling of noise through the common substrate. By spatially discretizing a simplified form of Maxwell's equations, a three-dimensional linear mesh model of the substrate is developed. For simulation, a macromodel of the fine substrate mesh is formulated and a modified version of SPICE3 is used to simulate the electrical circuit coupled with the macromodel. For synthesis, a coarse substrate mesh, and interconnect models are used to couple linear macromodels of circuit functional blocks. Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) is used to evaluate the electrical behavior of the network at every iteration in the synthesis process. Macromodel simulations are significantly faster than device level simulations and compare accurately to measured results. Synthesis results demonstrate the critical need to constrain substrate noise and simultaneously optimize power bus geometry and pad assignment to meet performance targets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploiting Partially-Forgetful Memories for Approximate Computing (2015)

While the memory subsystem is already a major contributor to energy consumption of embedded systems, the guard-banding required for masking the effects of ever increasing manufacturing variations in memories imposes even more energy overhead. In this letter, we explore how partially-forgetful memories can be used by exploiting the intrinsic tolerance of a vast class of applications to some level of error for relaxing this guard-banding in memories. We discuss the challenges to be addressed and introduce relaxed cache as an exemplar to address these challenges for partially-forgetful SRAM caches. Preliminary results show how adapting guard-bands to application characteristics can help the system save significant amount of cache leakage energy (up to 74%) while still generating acceptable quality results.
Use of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement for Fracture Fixation: A Review (2002)

Injectable osteoconductive calcium phosphate cements have been introduced as an adjunct to internal fixation for treating selected fractures. These cements harden without producing much heat, develop compressive strength, and are remodeled slowly in vivo. The main purpose of the cement is to fill voids in metaphyseal bone, thereby reducing the need for bone graft, but cements also may improve the holding strength around metal devices in osteoporotic bone. Several bioactive cements are being developed. One of these cements, Skeletal Repair System, is available in Europe and has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in selected distal radius fractures. Cadaveric studies have shown that using Skeletal Repair System cement with conventional metal fixation in certain fractures of the distal radius, tibial plateau, proximal femur, and calcaneus can produce better stability, stiffness, and strength than metal fixation alone. Early clinical results have shown reduced time to full weightbearing when cement has been used for augmentation of tibial plateau and calcaneal fractures, more rapid gain of strength and range of motion when used in distal radius fractures, and improved stability in certain hip fractures. Bioactive cements in general also may prove useful in vertebroplasty.
Profiling Rural Australia: Impact of Changes in the Agriculture Sector on Rural Towns (2002)

The agriculture sector remains important to a number of regional and rural towns across Australia. Structural changes in the agriculture sector - that have driven changes in employment, educational opportunities and the provision of rural services - have affected some towns quite significantly. The combined analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics census data and ABARE farm survey data provides insight into the state of rural economies and the resulting changing shape of regional society in Australia's wheat-sheep and pastoral zones.
Turning Toxicants into Safe Therapeutic Drugs: Cytolytic Peptide−Photosensitizer Assemblies for Optimized In Vivo Delivery of Melittin (2018)

Melittin (MEL) is recognized as a highly potent therapeutic peptide for treating various human diseases including cancer. However, the clinical applications of MEL are largely restricted by its severe hemolytic activity and nonspecific cytotoxicity. Here, it is found that MEL can form a stable supramolecular nanocomplex of ≈60 nm with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), which after hyaluronic acid (HA) coating can achieve robust, safe, and imaging-guided tumor ablation. The as-designed nanocomplex (denoted as MEL/Ce6@HA) shows largely reduced hemolysis and selective cytolytic activity toward cancer cells. Upon laser irradiation, the loaded photosensitive Ce6 can synergistically facilitate the membrane-lytic efficiency of melittin and greatly increase the tumor penetration depth of the complexes in multicellular tumor spheroids. In vivo experiments reveal that MEL/Ce6@HA can realize enhanced tumor accumulation, reduced liver deposition, and rapid body clearance, which are beneficial for highly efficient and safe chemo-photodynamic dual therapy. This work develops a unique supramolecular strategy for optimized in vivo delivery of melittin and may have implications for the development of peptide-based theranostics.
Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism. (1966)

Micro-nano plastics originating from the prevalent usage of plastics have raised increasingly alarming concerns worldwide. However, there remains a fundamental knowledge gap in nanoplastics because of the lack of effective analytical ...Plastics are now omnipresent in our daily lives. The existence of microplastics (1 µm to 5 mm in length) and possibly even nanoplastics (<1 μm) has recently raised health concerns. In particular, nanoplastics are believed to be more toxic since their ...
Fortnightly Review: Management of atopic eczema (1995)

Summary points Time for explanation and education is essential Adequate amounts of emollients should be prescribed, and these should be used liberally and frequently When prescribing topical corticosteroids the age of the patient, the site to be treated, and the extent of the disease are important considerations Deterioration in previously stable eczema may be due to secondary bacterial or viral infection or to development of a contact dermatitis Attempts to eradicate the house dust mite are not currently recommended Dietary restriction is of little or no benefit in adults, and in children it is worth trying only in selected infants under professional supervision Evidence for the therapeutic value of evening primrose oil remains inconclusive PUVA or UVB may be helpful in selected patients
Magnetic resonance relaxation properties of superparamagnetic particles (2009)

Nanometric crystals of maghemite are known to exhibit superparamagnetism. Because of the significance of their magnetic moment, maghemite nanoparticles are exceptional contrast agents and are used for magnetic resonance imaging (of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes), for magnetic resonance angiography and for molecular and cellular imaging. The relaxivity of these agents depends on their size, saturation magnetization and magnetic field and also on their degree of clustering. There are different types of maghemite particles whose relaxation characteristics are suited to a specific MRI application. The relaxation induced by maghemite particles is caused by the diffusion of water protons in the inhomogeneous field surrounding the particles. This is well described by a theoretical model that takes magnetite crystal anisotropy and Néel relaxation into account. Another type of superparamagnetic compound is ferritin, the iron-storing protein: it contains a superparamagnetic ferrihydrite core. Even if the resulting magnetic moment of ferritin is far smaller than for magnetite nanoparticles, its massive presence in different organs darkens T(2)-weighted MR images, allowing the noninvasive estimation of iron content, thanks to MRI. The relaxation induced by ferritin in aqueous solutions has been demonstrated to be caused by the exchange of protons between bulk water protons and the surface of the ferrihydrite crystal. However, in vivo, the relaxation properties of ferritin are still unexplained, probably because of protein clustering.
α<sub>1</sub>‐Microglobulin Glycopeptides Inhibit Antigen‐Specific Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Leucocytes (1984)

Glycopeptides were prepared from proteolytically digested human and guinea pig alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m) by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Amino acid analysis showed that the average glycopeptide was a tripeptide containing the amino acids aspartic acid/asparagine, isoleucine, and serine and/or threonine. It has earlier been shown that human alpha 1-m carries two or three N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the high-mannose type. These preparations of glycopeptides inhibited the proliferative response of peripheral human blood leucocytes to the antigen purified protein derivative. The dose-response relationship of the inhibitions showed a greater specific activity of the glycopeptides than of whole alpha 1-m. Mild alkali treatment of human alpha 1-m did not affect its specific inhibitory activity, suggesting that the peptide backbone is of little importance for the immunosuppressive effect of alpha 1-m. No difference in inhibitory activity was seen between human and guinea pig native alpha 1-m or alpha 1-m glycopeptides. Human asialo alpha 1-m exerted a suppressive effect on the antigen-specific leucocyte proliferation similar to that of native alpha 1-m.
Structures of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>purine nucleoside phosphorylase complexed with sulfate and its natural substrate inosine (2005)

Purine metabolism in the parasite Plasmodium has been identified as a promising target for antimalarial therapies. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is part of a salvage pathway for the biosynthesis of purines, which are essential for parasite survival. Two crystal structures of PNP from Plasmodium falciparum (PfPNP) in two space groups, each with a single subunit in the asymmetric unit, are described here. One structure, refined to 2.4 A, has an empty nucleoside-binding site and a sulfate ion bound in the phosphate-binding pocket. The second structure, refined to 2.0 A, has the substrate inosine bound to the active centre. Structure comparison reveals alterations in the active site upon ligand binding. The new structures presented here specifically highlight the likely roles of Asp206 and two loops flanking the active site: the beta7-alpha6 loop (residues approximately 161-169) and the beta9-alpha8 loop (residues approximately 208-223). Comparison with PNP in complex with transition-state inhibitors suggests that the purine substrate moves towards the phosphate substrate, rather than vice versa, upon forming the transition state. The single-substrate-containing PfPNP structures also appear to be more flexible than PfPNP bound to inhibitors. Together, these structures serve as a basis for better understanding of ligand binding and mechanism that can be further exploited to optimize the specificity of anti-PfPNP drugs.
A Simple and Rapid in Vitro Bioassay for Inhibin* (1980)

This report describes a quantitative bioassay for inhibin which can be used to monitor purification and establish the physiological role of this hormone in spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis. Anterior pituitary cells from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dispersed and precultured for 18 h before the addition of inhibin-containing materials to the culture medium. After a further 72 h in culture, the medium was removed by aaspiration, and the cells were lysed releasing their intracellular hormone into RIA buffer. Cell content of FSH was reduced in inhibin-containing preparations, but without changes in LH, GH, and PRL concentrations. The inhibin dose-response curve, based on the inhibition of FSH in 15 experiments using an ovine testicular lymph preparation as a standard, had indices of precision between -0.032 and -0.098, and Finney's g ranged from 0.003--0.025. The interassay variability ranged from 15.0--16.9%. The assay had a practical capacity of 300--400 wells, which permitted the measurement of dose-response curves of 15 or more unknowns with quadruplicate wells per dose. The potency of unknown preparations was calculated with reference to the inhibin standard, which had a designated potency of 1 U/mg. Preparations showing nonparallelism were excluded. This assay presented advantages over those described previously, since it showed specificity of response to FSH and accommodated a large number of samples without loss of precision or reproducibility. It is therefore suitable for measurement of the inhibin-like activity in some biological fluids.