gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Networks that Control the Lineage Commitment and Differentiation of Bone Cells (2009)

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the two major bone cells involved in the bone remodeling process. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation while osteoclasts are the bone-resorbing cells. The major event that triggers osteogenesis and bone remodeling is the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into differentiating osteoblast cells and monocyte/macrophage precursors into differentiating osteoclasts. Imbalance in differentiation and function of these two cell types will result in skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteopetrosis, periodontal disease, and bone cancer metastases. Osteoblast and osteoclast commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent advances in molecular and genetic studies using gene targeting in mice enable a better understanding of the multiple factors and signaling networks that control the differentiation process at a molecular level. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast cell lineage commitment and differentiation. Understanding the signaling networks that control the commitment and differentiation of bone cells will not only expand our basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal development but will also aid our ability to develop therapeutic means of intervention in skeletal diseases.
EXTENDED RANSAC ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF BUILDING ROOF PLANES FROM LIDAR DATA (2008)

International audience
New feeder for infants with cleft palate. (1987)

New feeder for infants with cleft palate Sir, Early feeding difficulties in infants with a cleft palate are well documented' as is poor mother-infant bonding.2 For
Prevention of Esophageal Strictures in a Caustic Burn Model Using Halofuginone, an Inhibitor of Collagen Type I Synthesis (2005)

HF modulated the wound healing reaction caused by caustic injury of the esophagus in a rat model, resulting in increased esophageal patency, reduction in esophageal wall thickness, and increased survival.
Synthesis of macrobicyclic tetrathiafulvalenophanes with three TTF bridges (1996)

Using a stepwise selective protection–deprotection of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-thiolates under high dilution conditions, the first three-dimensional macrobicyclic tetrathiafulvalenophanes are readily prepared.
Single-Mode Waveguides With SU-8 Polymer Core and Cladding for MOEMS Applications (2007)

Fabrication and optical characterization of single-mode polymeric embedded waveguides are performed. A specific material combination (SU-8 2005 as core and the modified SU-8 mr-L 6050XP as cladding) is chosen in order to obtain a small refractive index difference for single-mode propagation combined with the conventional fabrication method UV lithography to facilitate the integration of different types of optical detection methods on lab-on-a-chip systems. We analyze the behavior of the refractive index and carefully observe how the value of the refractive index can be tailored during processing. We show that we can fabricate waveguides with an index difference in the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3 </sup> , where both the core material and the cladding material are based on SU-8. The refractive index measurements are performed on thin polymeric films, while further optical characterizations are performed on waveguides with a height of 4.5 mum. We study the mode profiles of these waveguides and confirm that only the fundamental mode is excited. We also study the absorption spectra of the material in the wavelength range 800-1600 nm combined with cut-back measurements. We find that the waveguides have a propagation loss of 0.2-3 dB/cm in this wavelength range
Metric for Web accessibility evaluation (2005)

Abstract A novel metric for quantitatively measuring the content accessibility of the Web for persons with disabilities is proposed. The metric is based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) checkpoints, an internationally accepted standard, that can be automatically tested using computer programs. Problems with current accessibility evaluation and the need for a good Web accessibility metric are discussed. The proposed metric is intended to overcome the deficiencies of the current measurements used in Web accessibility studies. The proposed metric meets the requirements as a measurement for scientific research. Examples of large‐scale Web accessibility evaluations using the metric are given. The examples cover a comparison of Web accessibility of top medical journal Web sites and a longitudinal study of a Web site over time. The validity of the metric was tested using a large number of Web sites with different levels of compliance (rating categories) to the standard WCAG. The metric, which uses a predetermined simple weighting scheme, compares well to the more complex C5.0 machine learning algorithm in separating Web sites into different rating categories.
Metal ion induced conformational transitions of prothrombin and prothrombin fragment 1 (1978)

Circular dichroism experiments indicate that prothrombin fragment 1 undergoes essentially the same secondary structural change whether in the presence of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), or Mn(2+). Titration with any of these metal ions results in a sigmoidal titration curve indicative of cooperative binding. Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) have nearly identical transition midpoints, while that for Mn(2+) is an order of magnitude less. These results correlate well with the results of previous metal ion intrinsic fluorescence quenching experiments. Fragment 1 has previously been shown to undergo a second transition corresponding to dimerization at high calcium concentrations. The present circular dichroism experiments show that this transition does not result in a gross alteration of secondary structure in the fragment 1 molecule. Studies with prothrombin, similar to those with fragment 1, indicate a similar metal ion dependent conformational change but of smaller magnitude. As apparently only the fragment 1 portion of the molecule undergoes the transition, it would appear that the covalently linked fragment 1 is constrained from attaining the same conformation as the purified entity. This suggests that caution must be used in interpreting the results of metal ion binding studies using fragment 1 as an analogue for prothrombin.
易卜生戏剧中布尔乔亚式婚姻的堕落——关于马丁·路德、克尔凯郭尔和《爱的喜剧》 (2008)

一夫一妻制婚姻——历史概要 在易卜生时代，一夫一妻制仍然符合社会利益及普遍认同的生活标准，是男女同居以及进行性生活的规范和标准，并在宗教教义和国家法律中得到确认，以此来限制一夫多妻的趋向，保护家庭，并为婚姻的权力和义务制订出明确的方针。①马丁·路德认为婚姻具有制造欢愉的功能，而这种功能需要社会限制，他用其繁复矫饰的文字作出了如下表述：
Performance of Volterra and MLSD receivers for nonlinear band-limited satellite systems (2000)

This paper evaluates the performance of Volterra equalizers and maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) receivers for compensation of signal distortion in nonlinear band-limited satellite systems. In addition, the performance of a receiver with a fractionally-spaced equalizer followed by a Volterra equalizer is studied (FSE-Volterra equalizer). For the equalizers, adaptation of the equalizer weights is considered including a multiple-step LMS algorithm which improves the convergence characteristics. Two MLSD receiver structures are considered: the optimum receiver consisting of a matched-filter bank followed by a Viterbi (1967) detector and a suboptimum receiver consisting of a single receiver filter followed by a Viterbi detector. The performance of the MLSD receivers is then compared to that of the equalizers.
RTT Based Congestion Control and Path Switching Scheme for SCTP (2006)

SCTP is an emerging transport protocol that has TCP like congestion control mechanism. The occurrence of packet loss due to congestion is part of SCTP as its congestion control mechanisms rely on packet loss. Loss of packets leads to retransmissions causing excessive delay jitters and increasing traffic burden on the network reducing the throughput. As a result the packets suffer more delays. We have employed a RTT based congestion control technique [5] on SCTP which avoids occurrence of extreme congestion situations. With this scheme the queue-occupancy of the packets and unnecessary packet losses can be controlled. As a result the packet latency and jitter decreases and the utilization efficiency of the links improve. Further, SCTP uses the alternate path only for the retransmission of the packets and failover cases. We propose use of the alternate path for diversion of the traffic based on detection of congestion in the primary path using RTT. This allows good control over queue occupancy of the packets. Result is significantly improved throughput and fairness and reduced latency and packet loss. Experimental results have been obtained to that effect.
Styrene Resin Cracking Method for Observing Biological Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy (1974)

Journal Article Styrene Resin Cracking Method for Observing Biological Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy Get access Keiichi TANAKA, Keiichi TANAKA Department of Anatomy, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akihiro IINO, Akihiro IINO Department of Anatomy, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tomonori NAGURO Tomonori NAGURO Department of Anatomy, Tottori University School of MedicineYonago, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 23, Issue 4, 1974, Pages 313–315, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a049940 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Published: 01 January 1974 Received: 02 September 1974
Hot off the press (2002)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Efficient Soft Demodulation in MIMO-OFDM Systems with BICM and Constant Modulus Alphabets (2006)

MIMO-OFDM using bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is an attractive scheme for wireless communications in frequency-selective fading channels. The BICM decoder requires log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) whose exact computation is extremely costly. In this paper, we present a novel method termed soft sphere-projection algorithm (SSPA) that provides approximate LLRs for the case of constant modulus symbol alphabets. The SSPA has very low computational complexity and performs nearly as well as the list sphere decoder. These properties are demonstrated by numerical simulations using synthetic and measured MIMO channels
Method for Estimating S<sub>N</sub>1 Rate Constants: Solvolytic Reactivity of Benzoates (2012)

Nucleofugalities of pentafluorobenzoate (PFB) and 2,4,6-trifluorobenzoate (TFB) leaving groups have been derived from the solvolysis rate constants of X,Y-substituted benzhydryl PFBs and TFBs measured in a series of aqueous solvents, by applying the LFER equation: log k = s(f)(E(f) + N(f)). The heterolysis rate constants of dianisylmethyl PFB and TFB, and those determined for 10 more dianisylmethyl benzoates in aqueous ethanol, constitute a set of reference benzoates whose experimental ΔG(‡) have been correlated with the ΔH(‡) (calculated by PCM quantum-chemical method) of the model epoxy ring formation. Because of the excellent correlation (r = 0.997), the method for calculating the nucleofugalities of substituted benzoate LGs have been established, ultimately providing a method for determination of the S(N)1 reactivity for any benzoate in a given solvent. Using the ΔG(‡) vs ΔH(‡) correlation, and taking s(f) based on similarity, the nucleofugality parameters for about 70 benzoates have been determined in 90%, 80%, and 70% aqueous ethanol. The calculated intrinsic barriers for substituted benzoate leaving groups show that substrates producing more stabilized LGs proceed over lower intrinsic barriers. Substituents on the phenyl ring affect the solvolysis rate of benzhydryl benzoates by both field and inductive effects.
Yield determination by respirometry - The possible influence of storage under aerobic conditions in activated sludge (1999)

In this study we found that the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) response from activated sludge to the addition of a single organic sub strate can be divided into two phases. The first phase reflects the primary metabolism of the added substrate, while the second presum ably originates from metabolism of stored polymers like polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and/or glycogen produced during the metabolism of the exogenous substrate. This shift is due to the depletion of exogenous substrate. The obtained yield on acetate of 0.71 g COD/g COD correlates very well with experimental results in literature where addition of excess acetate to a pure cultur e led to extensive formation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Furthermore the highest obtained yield on glucose of 0.91 g COD/g COD is very close to the theoretical yield for formation of glycogen from glucose (0.96 g COD/g COD). This indicates that the respo nse of activated sludge to a substrate addition is to store the substrate instead of an immediate growth response.
Ex Vivo Culture and Amifostine Effects in Human Cord Blood. (2006)

Abstract Background Human cord blood(CB) is the third most promising source of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow and peripheral blood for replacing depressed bone marrow function in high dose chemotherapy in patient with cancer. The possibility of cord blood transplantation in adults was limited by the amount of cord blood that could be collected. Cord blood transplantation after ex vivo expansion with cytokines have already been tried in adults. Amifostine is a phosphorylated aminothiol that affords broad cytoprotection from the myelosuppressive effects of antineoplastic agents. Objectives The purposes of this study were to investigate expansion of progenitor and myeloid cells after ex vivo culture of mononuclear cells(MNCs) in umbilical cord blood with growth factor and characterize hematopoietic activities of amifostine. Methods MNCs were cultured and ex vivo expanded into myeloid progenitors by using hematopoietic growth factors(IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, SCF, EPO) which are known to stimulate differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors. MNCs exposed to the appropriate amount of amifostine for 15 min were cultured in semisolid media and harvested at 24h intervals, and then apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Results Myeloid colonies were successfully produced from MNCs. Maximal expansion was obtained with the combination of IL-3+SCF+G-CSF+GM-CSF. SCF was thought to be the most important growth factor for expansion of myeloid progenitor. Pretreatment with amifostine for 15 min stimulated formation of hematopoietic colonies at clinically relevant concentrations ranging from 1 to 100μM. Increase in colony number compare to control were comparable after pretreatment with amifostine (10μM), and CFU-GEMM and BFU-E were highly responsive. Further enhancement of colony was not observed after prolonging the duration of pre-incubation exposure to 1, 8 and 24 hours. Amifostine enhanced IL-1 and IL-3 induced formation of CFU-GEMM and BFU-E. Incubation of MNCs with amifostine in suspension culture increased recovery of secondary colonies. Treatment with amifostine retarded cell loss and apoptosis, and promoted cell survival at 24, 48 and 72 hours in cytokine-deficient medium. Conclusions In conclusion, cord blood MNCs can be successfully expanded into myeloid progenitors by using hematopoietic growth factors. This investigation extend the previously recognized hematologic effects of amifostine, and indicate that in addition to its cytoprotective properties, amifostine is a potent stimulant of hematopoietic progenitor growth.
Theoretical study of anisotropy in orbital and antiferromagnetic spin orderings in CMR manganites (2019)

We report here a tight binding model for doped rare earth manganites consisting of Kubo-Ohata type double exchange (DE) interaction between the eg and t2g band electron spins of same site. A Heisenberg type antiferromagnetic spin-spin interaction is considered among the core band electrons. Both nearest and next nearest neighbouring interactions are taken in the Heisenberg coupling and kinetic energy interaction. The presence of DE interaction induces antiferromagnetism (AFM) in eg band. The Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion leads to anisotropy in the manganite systems. We have considered JT distortion as an extra mechanism. The model Hamiltonian is solved using Zubarev's Green's function technique. The interplay between temperature dependent lattice strain and transverse spin fluctuations is studied. We have studied the in-plane anisotropy observed in the AFM spin fluctuation and its effect on the lattice strain.
Content based image retrieval using interest points and texture features (2002)

Content based image retrieval is the task of searching images from a database, which are visually similar to a given example image. We present methods for content based image retrieval based on texture similarity using interest points and Gabor features. Interest point detectors are used in computer vision to detect image points with special properties, which can be geometric (corners) or non-geometric (contrast etc.). Gabor functions and Gabor filters are regarded as excellent tools for feature extraction and texture segmentation. The article combines these methods and generates a textural description of images. Special emphasis is devoted to distance measures on texture descriptions. Experimental results of a query system are given.
A genome-wide view of the expression and processing patterns of <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> HB8 CRISPR RNAs (2012)

The CRISPR-Cas system represents an RNA-based adaptive immune response system in prokaryotes and archaea. CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) consist of arrays of short repeat-sequences interspaced by nonrepetitive short spacers, some of which show sequence similarity to foreign phage genetic elements. Their cistronic transcripts are processed to produce the mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), the elements that confer immunity by base-pairing with exogenous nucleic acids. We characterized the expression and processing patterns of Thermus thermophilus HB8 CRISPRs by using differential deep-sequencing, which differentiates between 5' monophosphate and 5' non-monophosphate-containing RNAs and/or between 3' hydroxyl and 3' non-hydroxyl-containing RNAs. The genome of T. thermophilus HB8 encodes 11 CRISPRs, classified into three distinct repeat-sequence types, all of which were constitutively expressed without deliberately infecting the bacteria with phage. Analysis of the differential deep sequencing data suggested that crRNAs are generated by endonucleolytic cleavage, leaving fragments with 5' hydroxyl and 3' phosphate or 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini. The 5' ends of all crRNAs are generated by site-specific cleavage 8 nucleotides upstream of the spacer first position; however, the 3' ends are generated by two alternative, repeat-sequence-type-dependent mechanisms. These observations are consistent with the operation of multiple crRNA processing systems within a bacterial strain.
Noise and single channels activated by excitatory amino acids in rat cerebellar granule neurones. (1988)

1. Glutamate-receptor ion channels in rat cerebellar granule cells maintained in explant cultures have been investigated with patch-clamp methods. Properties of these channels were determined from noise analysis of whole-cell currents and from noise and single-channel currents recorded in outside-out membrane patches. 2. Glutamate (10-20 microM) evoked two types of response. Some granule cells gave small inward currents accompanied by clear increases in current noise ('large noise' responses), whereas other cells gave larger inward currents and small noise increases ('small noise' responses). 3. A mean single-channel conductance (gamma) of 46.6 pS was estimated for glutamate from four 'large noise' cells. A mean gamma value of 8.4 pS was estimated for seven other 'large noise' cells. The results suggest that in these latter cells glutamate activated both large (approximately equal to 50 pS) and small conductance (approximately equal to 140 fS) channels. 4. Applications of aspartate (10-30 microM) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 10-30 microM) produced small inward currents and large increases in noise; gamma noise = 48.5 pS (aspartate) and 46.7 pS (NMDA). 5. Large single-channel currents were evoked by glutamate, aspartate and NMDA in outside-out patches. The mean conductance values obtained for the largest amplitude openings were: gamma(glutamate) = 49.5 pS, gamma(aspartate) = 51.5 pS, and gamma(NMDA) = 53.0 pS. For each agonist, these 50 pS openings comprised 75-85% of the completely resolved currents in each patch. Openings to 40 and 30 pS conductance levels accounted for 10-15% and 3-7% of the total, and the presence of apparently direct transitions between these levels and the 50 pS level suggests they are sublevels of the same multi-conductance channels. 6. A mean channel conductance of 22.9 pS was estimated from noise evoked by quisqualate (10-30 microM). Single-channel currents were examined in four patches. In two, quisqualate evoked predominantly small currents of two amplitudes, gamma = 8.4 pS and 16.5 pS; some 50 pS openings were also present. In the other two patches, most openings were 50 pS events. 7. Granule cells gave inward currents to kainate (10-30 microM), and a mean conductance of 3.1 pS was estimated from kainate noise. In patches in which aspartate or NMDA produced mainly 50 pS openings, more than 74% of the single-channel currents evoked by kainate were of smaller amplitude, with mean conductances of gamma = 8.1 and 15.1 pS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental Analysis and Design Improvements on Combined Viper Expansion Work Recovery Turbine and Flow Phase Separation Device Applied in R410A Heat Pump (2018)

In light of recent trends towards energy efficiency and environmental consciousness, the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) industry has been pushing for technological developments to meet both of these needs. As such, several solutions for harnessing the energy released from refrigerants during the expansion process of a conventional vapor-compression cycle have been developed to increase overall cycle efficiency. The study presented in this paper focuses on investigating the potential impact of installing an energy recovery expansion device known as the Viper Expander into an R410A heat pump. The Viper Expander operates by using a nozzle to accelerate the high pressure R410A into a high velocity jet of fluid impinging on a micro-turbine impeller. The impeller is coupled to a generator, which harvests the kinetic energy of the refrigerant by converting it into electrical energy that can be fed back into one of the system components, such as a fan or compressor motor. Previous Viper Expander iterations have not met performance expectations and thus, a major redesign was pursued. To improve the Viper Expander design, flow visualization of the two-phase refrigerant leaving the nozzle has been performed. Additionally, a housing redesign that will allow the Viper Expander to act as both an expansion work recovery device as well as a flash tank economizer has been proposed and modeled as a system solution.