gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Surface-Active Agents in Promoting Codeposition of Polymer Particles with Electroplated Metal (1973)

SUMMARYThe addition of cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide to a nickel plating solution containing suspended polymer particles is shown to produce a positive charge on the polymer. On electrolysis this leads to a deposit of a composite material on the cathode with polymer particles in a metal matrix.
Mechanical relaxation and “intramolecular plasticity” in carbon nanotubes (1998)

The question of how carbon nanotubes (CNT)—believed to be the strongest filaments—relax under tension has been addressed. A dislocation theory applied to a two-dimensional nanocrystal such as the CNT describes the main routes of mechanical relaxation in this molecular structure: a brittle cleavage or, at high temperatures, a plastic flow. Both start with diatomic rotation, which “unlocks” the pristine wall of CNT by creating a dislocation dipole with the pentagon–heptagon cores. Under high stress, the dislocations depart from each other along helical paths, leaving behind a nanotube of smaller diameter, well-defined new symmetry, and changed electrical properties.
Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Precombustion Chamber Engines (1968)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel engine exhaust emission characteristics vary considerably with the overall design of the combustion and fuel injection systems. Emission measurements were made on total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke. The hydrocarbon measurements of the precombustion chamber engine are considerably lower than the direct injection engine. Less than five pounds of total hydrocarbons per 1000 gal of fuel are produced at rated conditions by all precombustion chamber engines studied. Precombustion chamber engines produce smaller quantities of the oxides of nitrogen when compared to direct injection engines. All diesels produced low carbon monoxide emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel technique for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diesel exhaust odors is introduced. Exhaust odor intensity from the precombustion chamber engine is much less than that from the direct injection engine.</div>
Gene expression profiling identifies tumour markers potentially playing a role in uveal melanoma development (2003)

Microarray is a powerful tool to compare the gene expression of different tumour specimens and cell lines simultaneously and quantitatively. To get a better insight into genes that are involved in uveal melanoma tumorigenesis, we compared the gene expression profiles of 12 different uveal melanoma cell lines with three melanocyte cell cultures obtained from healthy donor eyes. Gene expression profiles were obtained by nylon filter arrays, containing 1176 gene spots related to cancer development. The expression levels of selected genes were validated on cell lines and primary uveal melanomas by real time RT-PCR, and were subsequently included in cluster analysis. Four candidate tumour markers, Laminin Receptor 1, Endothelin 2, Von Hippel Lindau Binding protein 1 and Cullin 2, have been selected from genes that were differentially expressed in the uveal melanoma cell lines compared to the normal uveal melanocytes. In primary uveal melanomas, these four markers could discriminate between two classes of uveal melanoma, which may be indicative of a differential disease process.
TANTALUM AND NIOBIUM Separation of Liquid-Liquid Extraction (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTANTALUM AND NIOBIUM Separation of Liquid-Liquid ExtractionJoseph R. Werning and Kenneth B. HigbieCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 12, 2491–2494Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50540a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50540a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Rett Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Strategies, Therapies, and Future Research Directions (2005)

Rett syndrome is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, deficits in communication, stereotypic movements, and growth failure. On October 13, 2004, we held a symposium to determine how research findings enhance clinical practice for practitioners working with persons who have Rett syndrome and to identify the research needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and develop safe, effective therapies. Participants described diagnostic strategies, pathogenesis, therapies, and clinical trials and defined future research directions. This article summarizes their presentations and includes the verbatim edited transcript of question-and-answer sessions.
DNA Nanostructure-Based Magnetic Beads for Potentiometric Aptasensing (2015)

In this work, a simple, general, and sensitive potentiometric platform is presented, which allows potentiometric sensing to be applied to any class of molecule irrespective of the analyte charge. DNA nanostructures are self-assembled on magnetic beads via the incorporation of an aptamer into a hybridization chain reaction. The aptamer-target binding event leads to the disassembly of the DNA nanostructures, which results in a dramatic change in the surface charge of the magnetic beads. Such a surface charge change can be sensitively detected by a polycation-sensitive membrane electrode using protamine as an indicator. With an endocrine disruptor bisphenol A as a model, the proposed potentiometric method shows a wide linear range from 0.1 to 100 nM with a low detection limit of 80 pM (3σ). The proposed sensing strategy will lay a foundation for the development of potentiometric sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of various targets.
Parallel implementation of multidimensional transforms without interprocessor communication (1999)

Presents a modular algorithm which is suitable for computing a large class of multidimensional transforms in a general-purpose parallel environment without interprocessor communication. Since it is based on matrix-vector multiplication, it does not impose restrictions on the size of the input data as many existing algorithms do. The method is fully general, since it does not depend on the specific nature of the transform kernel and, therefore, it may be used for a wide variety of transforms. Moreover, since some 1D fast Fourier transform algorithms map the input sequence onto two or more dimensions, the new method also may be employed to efficiently compute the 1D FFT in parallel. In addition, the proposed algorithm is exploited to derive a fully systolic VLSI architecture performing multidimensional transforms, which does not need the transposer required by classical architectures.
Fabrication of the First Disposable Three‐dimensional Paper‐based Concentration Cell as Ammonia Sensor with a New Method for Paper Hydrophobization by Laser Patterned Parafilm® (2019)

Abstract A new, simple and low‐cost method for patterning hydrophobic barriers in porous support such as paper by Parafilm® has been introduced. This method is then used for electrochemical paper‐based ammonia sensor construction. Ammonia sensor is based on electrochemical concentration cell which ammonia reaction with electrolyte in halves cell caused in concentration gradient and therefore potential difference dependent on ammonia concentration. The effect of concentrations of the involved chemicals, time periods of the required processes, the presence of Faraday cage as well as the effects of different salts used in the salt bridge on the response of the sensor, were investigated in order to find the optimized conditions.
Wiring Up Quantum Systems: Circuit QED with Artificial Atoms and Microwave Photons (2013)

A revolution is underway in the construction of ‘artificial atoms’ out of superconducting electrical circuits. ‘Circuit QED’ permits strong-coupling non-linear optics at the single-photon level and gives an architecture for novel quantum information processing. The dispersive coupling between a qubit and a microwave cavity can be orders of magnitude larger than the line widths of both qubit and cavity. This yields a new ‘quantum toolbox’ which permits arbitrary control of the entangled quantum state of the system. For example one can flip the state of the qubit conditioned on there being exactly n photons in the cavity or one can displace the cavity oscillation amplitude conditioned on the state of the qubit. Using these tools it is now possible to create large ‘Schrödinger cat’ states containing more than 100 photons. An introduction to circuit QED and a review of recent experimental results will be presented.
Strategic reading: Strategic teaching (1990)

The author develops a strong argument for teachers to adopt a more active strategic view of reading instruction rather than remain with a more traditional reading skill focus. Important instructional recommendations that emerged from research wherein teachers applied reading strategies in the classroom are presented.
Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia with Amisulpride (1995)

Negative symptoms can be improved by low doses of amisulpride, favouring the hypothesis of dopaminergic hypofunction as one of the causes of negative symptoms.
Saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements during reading of drifting texts (2013)

Reading is a complex visuomotor behavior characterized by an alternation of fixations and saccadic eye movements. Despite the widespread use of drifting texts in various settings, very little is known about eye movements under these conditions. Here we investigated oculomotor behavior during reading of texts which were drifting horizontally or vertically at different speeds. Consistent with previous reports, drifting texts were read by an alternation of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Detailed analysis revealed several interactions between smooth pursuit and saccades. On one side, the gain of smooth pursuit was increased after the execution of a saccade. On the other side, the peak velocity of saccades was reduced for the horizontally drifting text, in which saccades and pursuit were executed in opposite directions. In addition, we show that well-known findings from the reading of static texts extend to drifting text, such as the preferred viewing location, the inverted optimal viewing position, and the correlation between saccade amplitude and subsequent pursuit/fixation duration. In general, individual eye-movement parameters such as saccade amplitude and fixation/pursuit durations were correlated across self-paced reading of static text and time-constrained reading of static and drifting texts. These results show that findings from basic oculomotor research also apply to the reading of drifting texts. Similarly, basic reading principles apply to the reading of static and drifting texts in a similar way. This exemplifies the reading of drifting text as a visuomotor behavior which is influenced by low-level eye-movement control as well as by cognitive and linguistic processing.
A New Approach for Rapidly Reshaping Single-Chain Antibody In Vitro by Combining DNA Shuffling with Ribosome Display (2004)

Antibody reshaping is an effective way to reduce the immunogenicity while maintaining or improving the affinity of murine antibodies. This paper describe a new in vitro approach for rapidly reshaping murine antibodies by combining DNA shuffling with ribosome display. With the new method, a reshaping anti-4-1BB single-chain antibody (scFv), Re-4B4-1 scFv, which bound to its antigen (4-1BB) specifically and strongly, was selected from a reshaping library. These results proved definitely the feasibility of the new designed approach for antibody reshaping.
Protein kinase mutants of human ATR increase sensitivity to UV and ionizing radiation and abrogate cell cycle checkpoint control (1998)

In fission yeast, the rad3 gene product plays a critical role in sensing DNA structure defects and activating damage response pathways. A structural homologue of rad3 in humans (ATR) has been identified based on sequence similarity in the protein kinase domain. General information regarding ATR expression, protein kinase activity, and cellular localization is known, but its function in human cells remains undetermined. In the current study, the ATR protein was examined by gel filtration of protein extracts and was found to exist predominantly as part of a large protein complex. A kinase-inactivated form of the ATR gene was prepared by site-directed mutagenesis and was used in transfection experiments to probe the function of this complex. Introduction of this kinase-dead ATR into a normal fibroblast cell line, an ATM-deficient fibroblast line derived from a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia, or a p53 mutant cell line all resulted in significant losses in cell viability. Clones expressing the kinase-dead ATR displayed increased sensitivity to x-rays and UV and a loss of checkpoint control. We conclude that ATR functions as a critical part of a protein complex that mediates responses to ionizing and UV radiation in human cells. These responses include effects on cell viability and cell cycle checkpoint control.
Temporal Convolutional Networks Applied to Energy-related Time Series Forecasting (2020)

Modern energy systems collect high volumes of data that can provide valuable information about energy consumption. Electric companies can now use historical data to make informed decisions on energy production by forecasting the expected demand. Many deep learning models have been proposed to deal with these type of time series forecasting problems. Deep neural networks, such as recurrent or convolutional, can automatically capture complex patterns in time series data and provide accurate predictions. In particular, Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) are a specialised architecture that has advantages over recurrent networks for forecasting tasks. TCNs are able to extract long-term patterns using dilated causal convolutions and residual blocks, and can also be more efficient in terms of computation time. In this work, we propose a TCN-based deep learning model to improve the predictive performance in energy demand forecasting. Two energy-related time series with data from Spain have been studied: the national electric demand, and the power demand at charging stations for electric vehicles. An extensive experimental study has been conducted, involving more than 1900 models with different architectures and parametrisations. The TCN proposal outperforms the forecasting accuracy of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent networks, which are considered the state-of-the-art in the field.
Generating semantic contexts from spoken conversation in meetings (2005)

SemanticTalk is a tool for supporting face-to-face meetings and discussions by automatically generating a semantic context from spoken conversations. We use speech recognition and topic extraction from a large terminological database to create a network of discussion topics in real-time. This network includes concepts explicitly addressed in the discussion as well as semantically associated terms, and is visualized to increase conversational awareness and creativity in the group.
Within-die delay variability in 90nm FPGAs and beyond (2006)

Semiconductor scaling causes increasing and unavoidable within-die parametric variability. This paper describes accurate measurement techniques for characterising both systematic and stochastic delay variability in FPGAs. Results and analysis are presented from measurements made on a sample of 90nm devices, showing that delay per logic element varies stochastically by plusmn3.54% on average over the set. The delay also varies by up to 3.66% across a single die from correlated sources of variability. The results are extrapolated to determine the impact at future technology nodes. The predicted significant performance degradation that variability will cause demonstrates the importance of new circuit or system design techniques to cope with variations in future FPGAs
Myocardial infarction and the balance between fibrin deposition and removal. (2001)

When fibrin deposition and removal are properly balanced, the organism is protected from both a catastrophic loss of blood at the site of injury and the inappropriate loss of fluidity within the vascular system. When these activities are not properly balanced, however, severe bleeding or thromboses can occur. Myocardial infarction is a common and morbid consequence of the latter. The thrombin/thrombomodulin complex plays an essential role in regulating this balance because it generates both an anticoagulant substance, activated protein C, and an antifibrinolytic substance, activated TAFI (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, also known as plasma carboxypeptidase B or carboxypeptidase U). Thus, the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades are explicitly linked by virtue of thrombin catalyzed activation of TAFI, either by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex or, in the absence of thrombomodulin, by the massive amounts of thrombin generated through the factor XI-dependent pathway after clotting. Some potential targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy related to the balance between fibrin formation and removal include: development of a convenient global assay for plasma fibrinolytic potential; an assay for plasma or urine thrombomodulin that had been oxidized at methionine 388 and thereby has lost its capacity to stimulate activation of protein C but not TAFI; an assay for activated TAFI; discovery of a means for tapping the tremendous potential of the vasculature to acutely release tissue-type plasminogen activator; and an assessment of the potential role of polymorphisms in the TAFI gene which might influence TAFI levels or the properties TAFIa. In addition, a much fuller and quantitative understanding of the properties of the coagulation and tibrinolytic cascades is needed in order to optimize diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in disorders such as myocardial infarction that are related to the balance between fibrin formation and removal.
Mapping of Avirulence Genes in <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> With Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Selected by Bulked Segregant Analysis (2001)

In this study we investigated the genetic control of avirulence in the diploid oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight on potato. The dominant avirulence (Avr) genes matched six race-specific resistance genes introgressed in potato from a wild Solanum species. AFLP markers linked to Avr genes were selected by bulked segregant analysis and used to construct two high-density linkage maps, one containing Avr4 (located on linkage group A2-a) and the other containing a cluster of three tightly linked genes, Avr3, Avr10, and Avr11 (located on linkage group VIII). Bulked segregant analysis also resulted in a marker linked to Avr1 and this allowed positioning of Avr1 on linkage group IV. No bulked segregant analysis was performed for Avr2, but linkage to a set of random markers placed Avr2 on linkage group VI. Of the six Avr genes, five were located on the most distal part of the linkage group, possibly close to the telomere. The high-density mapping was initiated to facilitate future positional cloning of P. infestans Avr genes.
Single longitudinal mode ridge waveguide 1.3µmFabry-Perot laser by modal perturbation (1995)

The authors introduce a cost effective technique which converts the multi-longitudinal mode output of a 1.3 µm ridge waveguide Fabry-Perot laser into a single mode by creating modal perturbations along the length of the ridge. Up to 25dB side mode supression is measured on their first lasers.
The effect of conjugated estrogens on coagulability in menopausal women. (1977)

To investigate the effect of conjugated equine estrogens on the coagulability in menopausal women, blood samples were drawn from 69 menopausal females--35 receiving estrogens and 34 receiving no replacement therapy. Using tests for antithrombin and heparin-antithrombin activities, 14.7% of the control patients were found to be hypercoagulable. This is a 289% increase in the incidence of hypercoagulability in the group treated with estrogens. The particular relevance of this finding to menopausal women and the importance of the use of the coagulation profile in managing such patients is discussed.
Preclinical Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody (3C6) Specific for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2009)

Better tumor markers are needed for early diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer, and for monitoring therapeutic response than the currently used prostate specific antigen (PSA). Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed on the surface of prostatic epithelial cells making it a good target for prostate cancer. In this study, mAb 3C6, specific for the extracellular epitope of PSMA, was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo for PSMA-targeting. Immunoreactivity and specificity of mAb 3C6 was evaluated by flow cytometry using prostate cell lines expressing PSMA such as LNCaP and 22Rv1 and a cell line, DU145, that expresses very little PSMA. 3C6 was conjugated with the acyclic CHX-A" DTPA chelate, radiolabeled with (111)In, and its in vitro and in vivo properties were assessed. The biodistribution of the radioimmunoconjugate evaluated in athymic mice bearing xenografts of three human prostate carcinoma cell lines shows high uptake after 72 hr in LNCaP tumors (%ID/g 22.93 +/- 6.32) and 22Rv1 (%ID/g 10.44 +/- 2.32) in contrast to low uptake by the DU145 tumors (%ID/g 4.27 +/- 0.37). Planar gamma-scintigraphic images obtained for xenografted tumor bearing mice demonstrated targeting for PSMA positive tumors suggesting possible applications in imaging and for targeted radiation therapy.
<title>Conceptual framework for indexing visual information at multiple levels</title> (1999)

In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for indexing different aspects of visual information. Our framework unifies concepts from this literature in diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, library sciences, art, and the more recent content-based retrieval. We present multiple level structures for visual and non-visual and non- visual information. The ten-level visual structure presented provides a systematic way of indexing images based on syntax and semantics, and includes distinctions between general concept and visual concept. We define different types of relations at different levels of the visual structure, and also use a semantic information table to summarize important aspects related to an image. While the focus is on the development of a conceptual indexing structure, our aim is also to bring together the knowledge from various fields, unifying the issues that should be considered when building a digital image library. Our analysis stresses the limitations of state of the art content-based retrieval systems and suggests areas in which improvements are necessary.