gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 5-GS/s 10-b 76-mW Time-Interleaved SAR ADC in 28 nm CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a 5-GS/s 12-way 10-b time-interleaved successive approximation register (SAR) ADC for direct sampling receivers. Proper signal and clock distribution along the multiple channels are utilized to mitigate interchannel bandwidth and timing mismatches. A digitally assisted calibration is introduced to remove the interchannel offset, gain, and timing mismatch. The T-type bootstrapped sampling switches minimize the interchannel crosstalk among top-plate sampling SAR channels and the signal-dependent leakage current during SAR conversion cycles. The power efficiency of this ADC is significantly improved by many design techniques. The merged capacitor switching algorithm leads to high switching efficiency and a smaller area. The modified reference voltage scheme optimizes input common-mode voltage of the comparators. The optimal subradix-2 capacitive DAC results in low-power reference buffers and higher conversion speed. This ADC achieves 49-dB SNR, 52-dB THD, and 42-dB SNDR up to Nyquist frequency at 5 GS/s, consumes 76 mW from 1 V supply, and occupies 0.57 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 28 nm CMOS technology. The implemented architecture also demonstrates high scalability to advanced CMOS technology nodes and has even higher power efficiency potential.
Localization and segmentation of aortic endografts using marker detection (2003)

A method for localization and segmentation of bifurcated aortic endografts in computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images is presented. The graft position is determined by detecting radiopaque markers sewn on the outside of the graft. The user indicates the first and the last marker, whereupon the remaining markers are automatically detected. This is achieved by first detecting marker-like structures through second-order scaled derivative analysis, which is combined with prior knowledge of graft shape and marker configuration. The identified marker centers approximate the graft sides and, derived from these, the central axis. The graft boundary is determined by maximizing the local gradient in the radial direction along a deformable contour passing through both sides. Three segmentation methods were tested. The first performs graft contour detection in the initial CT-slices, the second in slices that were reformatted to be orthogonal to the approximated graft axis, and the third uses the segmentation from the second method to find a more reliable approximation of the axis and subsequently performs contour detection. The methods have been applied to ten CTA images and the results were compared to manual marker indication by one observer and region growing aided segmentation by three observers. Out of a total of 266 markers, 262 were detected. Adequate approximations of the graft sides were obtained in all cases. The best segmentation results were obtained using a second iteration orthogonal to the axis determined from the first segmentation, yielding an average relative volume of overlap with the expert segmentations of 92%, while the interexpert reproducibility is 95%. The averaged difference in volume measured by the automated method and by the experts equals the difference among the experts: 3.5%.
Multi-view Self-supervised Deep Learning for 6D Pose Estimation in the Amazon Picking Challenge (2016)

Robot warehouse automation has attracted significant interest in recent years, perhaps most visibly in the Amazon Picking Challenge (APC). A fully autonomous warehouse pick-and-place system requires robust vision that reliably recognizes and locates objects amid cluttered environments, self-occlusions, sensor noise, and a large variety of objects. In this paper we present an approach that leverages multi-view RGB-D data and self-supervised, data-driven learning to overcome those difficulties. The approach was part of the MIT-Princeton Team system that took 3rd- and 4th- place in the stowing and picking tasks, respectively at APC 2016. In the proposed approach, we segment and label multiple views of a scene with a fully convolutional neural network, and then fit pre-scanned 3D object models to the resulting segmentation to get the 6D object pose. Training a deep neural network for segmentation typically requires a large amount of training data. We propose a self-supervised method to generate a large labeled dataset without tedious manual segmentation. We demonstrate that our system can reliably estimate the 6D pose of objects under a variety of scenarios. All code, data, and benchmarks are available at http://apc.cs.princeton.edu/
ÆLFRIC AND THE NAME OF SIMON PETER (1988)

ÆLFRIC AND THE NAME OF SIMON PETER Get access JOYCE HILL JOYCE HILL University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 35, Issue 2, June 1988, Pages 157–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/35-2-157 Published: 01 June 1988
Probabilistic motion planning among moving obstacles following typical motion patterns (2009)

The paper presents a navigation algorithm for dynamic probabilistic environments. The static environment is unknown; moving pedestrians are detected and tracked on-line. Pedestrians are supposed to move along typical motion patterns represented by HMMs. The planning algorithm is based on an extension of the rapidly-exploring random tree algorithm, where the likelihood of the obstacles future trajectory and the probability of collision is explicitly taken into account. The algorithm is used in a partial motion planner, and the probability of collision is updated in real-time according to the most recent estimation. Results show the performance for a car-like robot in a simulated environment among multiple dynamic obstacles.
Automatic spectral target recognition in hyperspectral imagery (2003)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) in hyperspectral imagery is a challenging problem due to recent advances of remote sensing instruments which have significantly improved sensor's spectral resolution. As a result, small and subtle targets can be uncovered and extracted from image scenes, which may not be identified by prior knowledge. In particular, when target size is smaller than pixel resolution, target recognition must be carried out at subpixel level. Under such circumstance, traditional spatial-based image processing techniques are generally not applicable and may not perform well if they are applied. The work presented here investigates this issue and develops spectral-based algorithms for automatic spectral target recognition (ASTR) in hyperspectral imagery with no required a priori knowledge, specifically, in reconnaissance and surveillance applications. The proposed ASTR consists of two stage processes, automatic target generation process (ATGP) followed by target classification process (TCP). The ATGP generates a set of targets from image data in an unsupervised manner which will subsequently be classified by the TCP. Depending upon how an initial target is selected in ATGP, two versions of the ASTR can be implemented, referred to as desired target detection and classification algorithm (DTDCA) and automatic target detection and classification algorithm (ATDCA). The former can be used to search for a specific target in unknown scenes while the latter can be used to detect anomalies in blind environments. In order to evaluate their performance, a comparative and quantitative study using real hyperspectral images is conducted for analysis.
Optimization of Distance-Based Location Management for PCS Networks (2008)

Location management (LM) is an important function in a personal communication network to track movements of mobile terminals (MTs) for call delivery. It is well-known that the total signaling cost of a distance-based LM scheme is the lowest among dynamic location management schemes for PCS networks. In this paper, we derive the joint probability distribution of two random variables: the moving distance of an MT and the number of location updates resulting from the moving distances exceeding the distance threshold. As special cases, the probability distributions of an MT's moving distances and the number of location updates during an LM interval are obtained. These statistics are generally applicable to irregular cell topologies and general cell residence time distributions. Based on the derived statistics, the optimal distance thresholds for distancebased LM schemes with blanket paging and sequential paging are solved analytically. Numeric results show that our optimized distance-based LM scheme outperforms some well-known LM schemes in total LM cost.
Conformational selection and induced fit mechanism underlie specificity in noncovalent interactions with ubiquitin (2009)

Noncovalent binding interactions between proteins are the central physicochemical phenomenon underlying biological signaling and functional control on the molecular level. Here, we perform an extensive structural analysis of a large set of bound and unbound ubiquitin conformers and study the level of residual induced fit after conformational selection in the binding process. We show that the region surrounding the binding site in ubiquitin undergoes conformational changes that are significantly more pronounced compared with the whole molecule on average. We demonstrate that these induced-fit structural adjustments are comparable in magnitude to conformational selection. Our final model of ubiquitin binding blends conformational selection with the subsequent induced fit and provides a quantitative measure of their respective contributions.
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF COLIPHAGES T<sub>1</sub> AND T<sub>2</sub> ON COLUMNS OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (1960)

Coliphages T 1 and T 2 were efficiently adsorbed from dialyzed lysates by small columns of calcium phosphate. Elution of the columns with phosphate buffers at low molarity (0.02–0.03) removed much of the non-infectious material; the phage could subsequently be eluted in more concentrated and purified form with higher buffer concentrations (0.06 M or greater). The chromatographic behavior of T 1 and T 2 is contrasted and the influence of non-phage constituents of the lysate upon the chromatographic separation is discussed.
Increased levels of surfactant protein A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in patients with bronchial asthma (2000)

Surfactant proteins (SP)-A and SP-D are collagen-like glycoproteins belonging to the "collectin" class of C-type lectins, which are primarily synthesized in type II cells. Recent studies reported the possibility of local production of SP-A and SP-D in the airways, but the amounts of surfactant proteins in patients with bronchial asthma have not been studied. The composition of surfactant proteins in mild, stable asthmatics in the first lavage as bronchial lavage (BL) and the second and third lavages consecutively as alveolar lavages (AL) were therefore, analysed separately. The co-relationships in the BL between the amounts of surfactant proteins and those of fucose, which is one of the markers of submucosal secretion were also analysed. Increased amounts of SP-A in BL and AL of in asthmatics were found as compared with those in controls. A high concentration of SP-D in the AL asthma patients was also found. The levels of SP-A correlated with those of fucose in patients with bronchial asthma (r=0.849, p<0.01). The observations in the present study suggested that surfactant protein A may be secreted from the airways with allergic inflammation in a different manner from the alveoli. The increased levels of surfactant proteins A and D may play a protective role in an allergic inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Gene amplification as a target for cancer chemotherapy. (1992)

Facile gene amplification is one aspect of the genetic instability associated with transformed cells. Amplification of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Gene amplification is also a common basis for resistance to anticancer drugs. The observation that low level cytotoxic stress can cause rapid loss of amplified genes from cultured cell populations suggests that gene amplification may be a potential target for cancer chemotherapy. Drug-induced loss of amplified genes is seen with a wide variety of extrachromosomally amplified genes, including drug resistance genes and proto-oncogenes. A number of drugs and differentiating agents have been reported to cause rapid loss of unstably amplified genes. An effect on amplified genes or cells carrying amplified genes may contribute to the selective action of drugs presently used for cancer chemotherapy. A better understanding of drug-induced amplified gene loss may lead to new strategies for cancer treatment.
Compatibilization of Polymer Blends by Complexation. 2. Kinetics of Interfacial Mixing (1996)

The interfacial composition and kinetics of interfacial mixing of two polymers that exhibit strong exothermic interactions, poly(N,N‘-dimethylethylenesebacamide) (mPA) and the lithium salt of a lightly sulfonated polystyrene ionomer containing 7.4 mol % sulfonate groups (Li−SPS), were characterized by neutron reflectivity measurements. Blends of Li−SPS and mPA are miscible below ca. 150 °C as a result of the formation of an ion−dipole complex between the Li+−sulfonate and amide groups. Neutron reflectivity measurements were carried out on spun-coated bilayer films of the polyamide and a deuterated sample of the ionomer. The films were annealed at 96 °C, which is above the melting temperature of the mPA (Tm = 75 °C) but below the glass transition temperature of the ionomer (Tg = 120 °C). The interface between the two films exhibited an asymmetric concentration profile due to the large viscosity mismatch between the two polymer, and the interfacial mixing followed neither Fickian nor Case II diffusion. A kinetic model that combined Fickian diffusion with a suppression of mobility due to intermolecular cross-linking adequately represented the experimental data.
Biochemical Relevance of Sorghum and Millet Produced In the Kasena-Nankana Districts of Ghana, And Some of Their By-Products to Food, Nutrition, Health and Wealth of the People (2013)

This study was conducted in two farming seasons between 2008 and 2010. Two varieties each of millet and sorghum from the Kasena-Nankana districts of the Upper East Region of Ghana were compared. Methods used were personal interviews, proximate and micronutrient analyses, and assessment of “waste products”. Results show that Pearl millet:finger millet:red sorghum:white sorghum are used respectively to make 5: 8:5:5 diets. For the first season, the highest average contents were: Crude protein(12.2%), and fibre(5.4%) in the white sorghum; carbohydrates(83.1%) in the proso millet, fat(4.2%) and ash(1.6%) in the pearl millet and moisture range from 0.3-2.1%. Also the red sorghum had the highest average of Na(548.5 mg/kg), Fe(68.8 mg/kg), and Mg(509.3 mg/kg); K(668.0 mg/kg) was highest in both red sorghum and pearl millet; Mn(16.5 mg/kg) in the pearl millet, and Ca(29.3 mg/kg) in the proso millet. In the second season, the highest average amount of crude protein(14.4%), fat(2.9%), ash(2.1%) and fibre(3.5%) were in the white sorghum, and carbohydrates(76.2%) in the red sorghum. The working moisture ranged from 8.2-17.7%. The highest average Na, Fe, and Mg were respectively 509.0 mg/kg, 70.5 mg/kg, 540.2 mg/kg all in the red sorghum. K(690.0 mg/kg) and Mn(12.8 mg/kg) were in the pearl millet, while Ca(32.0 mg/kg) was in the proso millet. The aqueous extract of the stalk ashes of pearl millet were used to flavour and de-ferment soups; stalks of sorghum served as cooking fuel, and for making baskets and sleeping mats, and the husk as cattle feed. Dusa and pito mash are food by-products from the grains used in feeding poultry and non-ruminants. Dusa had highest crude protein(21.48%) and carbohydrates(51.48%) and pito mash had 9.30% fat, fibre(11.38%) and ash(5.97%).
Structure and Functions of the Bacteriophage P22 Tail Protein (1980)

The product of gene 9 (gp9) of Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage P22 is a multifunctional structural protein. This protein is both a specific glycosidase which imparts the adsorption characteristics of the phage for its host and a protein which participates in a specific assembly reaction during phage morphogenesis. We have begun a detailed biochemical and genetic analysis of this gene product. A relatively straightforward purification of this protein has been devised, and various physical parameters of the protein have been determined. The protein has an s(20,w) of 9.3S, a D(20,w) of 4.3 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s, and a molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of 173,000. The purified protein appears as a prolate ellipsoid upon electron microscopic examination, with an axial ratio of 4:1, which is similar to the observed shape when it is attached to the phage particle. The molecular weight is consistent with the tail protein being a dimer of gp9 and each phage containing six of these dimers. An altered form of the tail protein has been purified from supF cells infected with a phage strain carrying an amber mutation in gene 9. Phage "tailed" with this altered form of gp9 adsorb to susceptible cells but form infectious centers with a severely reduced efficiency (ca. 1%). Biochemical analysis of the purified wild-type and genetically altered tail proteins suggests that loss of infectivity correlates with a loss in the glycosidase activity of the protein (2.5% residual activity). From these results we propose that the glycosidic activity of the P22 tail protein is not essential for phage assembly or adsorption of the phage to its host but is required for subsequent steps in the process of infection.
Brands, Brand Management, and the Brand Manager System: A Critical-Historical Evaluation (1994)

The authors examine the history of brand management by tracing its development in the context of the marketing environment from 1870 to the present. They develop six theses regarding the evolution of brand management and its implications and substantiate them utilizing a historical approach. They demonstrate that the brand manager system originated well after the leadership of branded products was established, it was adopted following a conventional adoption curve pattern, and it has proven quite adaptable to differing firm and marketing environments over the past several decades. They then evaluate its likely fate in today's rapidly changing environment.
Chemotherapy of Mice Experimentally Infected with <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (1970)

A chronic infection with Shigella flexneri 2a has been established in mice for the evaluation of compounds for therapeutic potential. Evidence of infection is indicated by prolonged symptomless excretion in the feces and by positive isolation of organisms from different segments of the intestinal tract and from mesenteric lymph nodes. Serum antibody titer reaches a maximum after 9 days of infection and remains at a low level until 32 days postinfection. In this model, five drugs used in human shigellosis were evaluated for efficacy. Ampicillin was found to be the most active followed by oxytetracycline and kanamycin. Neomycin and colistin were the least active in this system.
Cell-penetrating peptides with intracellular organelle targeting (2016)

One of the major limiting steps in order to have an effective drug is the passage through one or more cell membranes to reach its site of action. To reach the action-site, the specific macromolecules are required to be delivered specifically to the cell compartment/organelle in their (pre)active form. Areas covered: In this review, we will discuss cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) developed in the last decade to transport small RNA/DNA, plasmids, antibodies, and nanoparticles into specific sites of the cell. The article describes CPPs in complex with cargo molecules that target specific intracellular organelles and their potential for pharmacological or clinical use. Expert opinion: Organelle targeting is the ultimate goal to ensure selective delivery to the site of action in the cells. CPP technologies represent an important strategy to address drug delivery to specific intracellular compartments by covalent conjugation to targeting sequences, potentially enabling strategies to combat genomic diseases as well as infections, cancer, neurodegenerative and hereditary diseases. They have proven to be successful in delivering various therapeutic agents into cells however, further in vivo experiments and clinical trials are required to demonstrate the efficacy of this technology.
Theoretical Evidence for Low-Ligated Palladium(0):  [Pd−L] as the Active Species in Oxidative Addition Reactions (2006)

The oxidative addition of PhI to Pd0 has been studied by DFT with a continuum representation of the solvent. It is shown that the preferred number of ligands on palladium is lower than would be expected from “conventional wisdom” and the 18-electron rule. The most favored oxidative addition is obtained when Pd is coordinated by only the aryl iodide and one additional ligand in a linear arrangement. The calculations indicate that p-orbitals on the central metal are not involved in bonding in any of the complexes described herein, in good agreement with classic ligand field theory and also with a recent bonding analysis by Weinhold and Landis, but in apparent violation of the 18-electron rule.
Building an On-ramp for the Internet of Things (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is in its infancy, similar to the state of the Internet before the World Wide Web made it an indispensable tool for communication, business and entertainment. A similar revolution is needed for the IoT to become really useful. This paper identifies some important problems with today's IoT involving discovery and control, and proposes some solutions based on a concept we call the Physical Web, an integration of the IoT with Web technologies.
On the parametrization and design of an extended Kalman filter frequency tracker (2000)

The problem of estimating the frequency of a harmonic signal embedded in broad-band noise is considered. The paper focuses on the extended Kalman filter frequency tracker, which is the application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) framework to the frequency estimation problem. The EKF frequency tracker recently proposed in the literature is characterized by a vector of three design parameters {q,r,/spl epsi/}, whose role and tuning is still a controversial and unclear issue. In this paper it is shown that a wise parametrization of the extended Kalman frequency tracker is characterized by just one parameter: the /spl epsi/ must be set to zero to achieve the basic property of unbiasedness in a noise-free setting; the performances of the tracker are not influenced independently by q and r; and what really matters is the ratio /spl lambda/=r/q only. The proposed simplification of the extended Kalman filter frequency tracker allows an easier and more transparent tuning of its tracking behavior.
Phantom or Symptom: Narcissus, Ahab, and the Whale (2007)

Ungraspable and hardly explicable as it is, the phantom of life is not the least incapable nor ”intangible.” With its perfect projection, the phantom image complements the deficient existence of life, co-exists with the substance in equal power, ironically manifests the incurable insufficiency and imperfection of human fate as the self-blinded Oedipus/the maimed Fisher King Ahab, and double mystifies the eternally insolvable myth of human and his existence. The Whale of both white and black, good and evil, love and hate, male as well as female has always been swimming as far as near alongside human history, turns and tosses its ambiguities between the real and unreal, testifies the human present with his past, and prophesies human future of repetitive blindness, lack, conflict, and wound. Phantom or symptom, flower or whale, Narcissus or Ahab, all that we see and perceive are but enigmatic atoms of the universe whose mystery and indifference indulge the wayward fate and its wheel of terror-joy to turn and incur incessant excitement and torment as well as echoes of puzzle and debate.