gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drying kinetics of polymer films (1998)

Abstract Drying kinetics of a polymer film cast from a polymer–soluent solution is studied. A modelization of the whole drying process is performed, including the difision of soluent through the varnish layer, the moving interface, and the coupled heat and mass transfer between the interface and the drying air. The assumptions and the ualdity domain of the proposed modelization are thoroughly analyzed. In particular, comparison of the varnish temperature with its glass transition temperature all along the process allows us to determine the validity domain of the Fickian difision assumption. Because of the hypodifisiue behavior of polymer solutions, uery large concentration gradients appear in the layer, and the drying kinetics is characterized by two successive regimes. This two‐ stage kinetics is investigated first for typical conditions encountered in the packaging industry, where a film of a few microns is dried in a few seconds, thanks to hot air blown through nozzles. Then, different drying conditions corresponding to evaporation experiments at room temperature of thicker films of the same varnish are studied.
Time redundant parity for low-cost transient error detection (2011)

With shrinking transistor sizes and supply voltages, errors in combinational logic due to radiation particle strikes are on the rise. A broad range of applications will soon require protection from this type of error, requiring an effective and inexpensive solution. Many previously proposed logic protection techniques rely on duplicate logic or latches, incurring high overheads. In this paper, we present a technique for transient error detection using parity trees for power and area efficiency. This approach is highly customizable, allowing adjustment of a number of parameters for optimal error coverage and overhead. We present simulation results comparing our scheme to latch duplication, showing on average greater than 55% savings in area and power overhead for the same error coverage. We also demonstrate adding protection to reach a target logic soft error rate, constituting at best a 59X reduction in the error rate with under 2% power and area overhead.
Characteristics of Flexible ITO Electrodes Grown by Continuous Facing Target Roll-to-Roll Sputtering for Flexible Organic Solar Cells (2009)

The preparation and characteristics of flexible indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes grown on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates are described for use in flexible organic solar cells and prepared using a specially designed facing target roll-to-roll sputtering (FTRS) system. Due to the effective confinement of the high-density plasma between two facing ITO targets, we can deposit the ITO electrode continuously on the PET substrate at a substrate temperature below without the need of a substrate cooling system, which is used in conventional roll-to-roll sputtering systems. In spite of a low substrate temperature, the FTRS-grown flexible ITO electrode showed a sheet resistance of , a resistivity of cm, and a transmittance of 85.41% in the wavelength range with superior flexibility. Furthermore, the flexible organic solar cell fabricated on the FTRS-grown flexible ITO electrode at optimized conditions exhibited a power-conversion efficiency of 2.43%, which is similar to an organic solar cell fabricated on a reference dc sputter-grown ITO electrode. This indicates that the FTRS technique is a promising continuous-sputtering process for preparing flexible ITO electrodes and can substitute for conventional roll-to-roll sputtering systems for mass production of flexible solar cells.
Reduced stress‐induced hyperthermia in mGluR5 knockout mice (2002)

Abstract It hs been suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) play a role in the expression of anxiety, based on anxiolytic‐like effects of the selective mGluR5 antagonist MPEP (2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)pyridine) in rodent models of anxiety, including stress‐induced hyperthermia (SIH). To examine the suggested role of mGlu5 receptors in the expression of anxiety, we examined the stress response in mice lacking mGluR5 in several variations of the SIH procedure. In this paradigm, stress causes a mild increase in body temperature that can be blocked by known anxiolytic agents. Three procedures were employed: classical SIH using rectal‐probe measurement of body temperature, and radiotelemetric measurement of body temperature in response to either saline injection or to the introduction of an intruder into the home cage. In all three procedures the mGluR5‐knockout mice displayed a significant attenuation of the hyperthermic response to stress compared to littermate wild‐type control mice. To confirm that our observations were likely to be due to the absence of mGluR5 in the knockout mice we also tested the effect of the recently described selective mGluR5 antagonist MTEP (3‐[(2‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl]pyridine) in both the wild‐type and mGluR5 knockout mice. Administration of MTEP in the wild‐type mice, but not the mGluR5 knockout mice, attenuated SIH. That the mGluR5 knockout mice displayed an anxiolytic‐like phenotype and that the mGluR5 antagonist, MTEP, showed a anxiolytic‐like effect only in mice possessing mGluR5 further supports the suggestion that mGluR5 antagonists may be useful in the treatment of anxiety.
Encoding based saliency detection for videos and images (2015)

We present a novel video saliency detection method to support human activity recognition and weakly supervised training of activity detection algorithms. Recent research has emphasized the need for analyzing salient information in videos to minimize dataset bias or to supervise weakly labeled training of activity detectors. In contrast to previous methods we do not rely on training information given by either eye-gaze or annotation data, but propose a fully unsupervised algorithm to find salient regions within videos. In general, we enforce the Gestalt principle of figure-ground segregation for both appearance and motion cues. We introduce an encoding approach that allows for efficient computation of saliency by approximating joint feature distributions. We evaluate our approach on several datasets, including challenging scenarios with cluttered background and camera motion, as well as salient object detection in images. Overall, we demonstrate favorable performance compared to state-of-the-art methods in estimating both ground-truth eye-gaze and activity annotations.
Isolation of a cDNA clone and localization of human glutathione S-transferase 2 genes to chromosome band 6p12. (1987)

The glutathione S-transferases (GST) (glutathione transferase; EC 2.5.1.18) are a family of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of a broad range of xenobiotics and carcinogens. A cDNA clone containing the entire amino acid coding sequence of a human GST-2 subunit has been isolated using a lambda gt11 expression library. The complete nucleotide sequence and a partial restriction map are presented. The subunit is composed of 221 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25,425 before posttranslational modification. The deduced amino acid sequence is rich in lysine, which is consistent with the relatively high pI of GST-2. The human sequence shows considerable homology with the rat Ya and Yc GST sequences but little homology with the rat GSTp and Yb subunit sequences. Southern blots of restriction digests of human DNA indicate that there may be multiple GST-2 genes. In situ hybridization of the cloned cDNA to human chromosomes produces intense labeling only over band p12 on the short arm of chromosome 6 near the centromere. This indicates that the GST-2 gene(s) are located only at this site.
Instrumentation Amplifiers (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Background Definition The Basic Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Error Common‐Mode Rejection Ratio Advantages of the Basic Instrumentation Amplifier Shortcomings of the Basic Instrumentation Amplifier The Classic Three‐Op‐Amp Instrumentation Amplifier Reference Input Sense Input Input and Output Referred Errors The Two‐Op‐Amp Instrumentation Amplifier An Alternative Approach Using Three Op‐Amps Venturing Beyond Op‐Amp Design Techniques Current‐Feedback Techniques Active Feedback Conceptual Active‐Feedback Instrumentation Amplifiers Precision Active‐Feedback Instrumentation Amplifiers Glossary of Frequently Encountered Terms
A new vertical IGBT structure with a monolithic over-current, over-voltage, and over-temperature sensing and protecting circuit (1995)

A new 600 V vertical Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) structure with monolithically integrated over-current, over-voltage, and over-temperature sensing and protecting functions has been developed to exploit an extremely excellent trade-off characteristic between an on-state voltage drop and turn-off time for the first time. This device can be easily made by the conventional IGBT fabrication process. An accurate and a real-time device temperature detection, as well as a high withstand capability against over-current and over-voltage conditions (short circuit immunity of 30 μsec, clamped collector voltage of 640 V), have been achieved. Furthermore, an excellent trade-off characteristic of 1.40 V as an on-state voltage drop and of 0.18 μsec as a fall time is also obtained.
Phase-only tapers for regular planar arrays, a heuristic nonlinear-FM approach (2010)

We present a simple approach to constructing phase-only tapers for regular planar arrays that is analogous to the instantaneous-frequency approach classically used to construct FM-chirp waveforms with high time-bandwidth products. Design experiments for a large triangular-grid array show that the crude results yielded by this method when aperture-beamwidth products are modest can sometimes be “tweaked” into reasonableness. We conjecture that such a taper would improve upon the usual uniform-weight starting point for a nonlinear-optimization approach that seeks out a local optimum. Specific design examples presented here nominally aim to approximate a brick-wall beam and a variant of a Gaussian beam.
Hematological Profile Of Patients Of Pancytopenia (2014)

Background & objectives: To study the clinical presentation and etiological factors in various cases of pancytopenia and to study and correlate the hematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings with clinical features. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 patients admitted with clinical features of pancytopenia confirmed with hematological findings. Complete hemogram was done with peripheral smear examination and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as and when required. Results : Total 100 patients who presented with pancytopenia were studied. Megaloblastic anaemia was the commonest cause constituting 28% of the cases followed by Iron deficiency anaemia(23%). Conclusion: Pancytopenia should be suspected on clinical grounds when a patient presents with unexplained anaemia, prolonged fever and a tendency to bleed.Megaloblastic anaemia is the commonest cause and other common causes are Iron deficiency anaemia and nutritional anaemia.[ Shah S et al NJIRM 2014; 5(2) :10-14]
Mechanistic insights into an engineered riboswitch: a switching element which confers riboswitch activity (2010)

While many different RNA aptamers have been identified that bind to a plethora of small molecules only very few are capable of acting as engineered riboswitches. Even for aptamers binding the same ligand large differences in their regulatory potential were observed. We address here the molecular basis for these differences by using a set of unrelated neomycin-binding aptamers. UV melting analyses showed that regulating aptamers are thermally stabilized to a significantly higher degree upon ligand binding than inactive ones. Regulating aptamers show high ligand-binding affinity in the low nanomolar range which is necessary but not sufficient for regulation. NMR data showed that a destabilized, open ground state accompanied by extensive structural changes upon ligand binding is important for regulation. In contrast, inactive aptamers are already pre-formed in the absence of the ligand. By a combination of genetic, biochemical and structural analyses, we identified a switching element responsible for destabilizing the ligand free state without compromising the bound form. Our results explain for the first time the molecular mechanism of an engineered riboswitch.
High density, low parasitic direct integration by fluidic self assembly (FSA) (2002)

Fluidic self assembly is a novel technique for accurately assembling large numbers of very small devices. The resulting assemblies are planar, and planarization and metallization of the assemblies result in demonstrated interconnect densities of greater than 50 interconnects per millimeter of perimeter, or a density of 10/sup 5/ per cm/sup 2/ with multilevel metallization. This high density is possible due to the planar structure, and an alignment precision of /spl plusmn/1 micron. The small size of the interconnects also results in very low parasitic capacitance, comparable to on die traces. Demonstrated yields are 0.9999 for assemblies with thousands of elements. This paper will discuss this recent progress in self assembly technology, and applications including integration of high capacity optoelectronic I/O devices.
The effect of vortex generators on a jet in a cross-flow (1997)

The effect of vortex generators in the form of tabs on the penetration and spreading of a jet in a cross-flow has been studied experimentally. It is found that the tab has very little effect when placed on the leeward side, i.e., on the downstream edge of the jet nozzle relative to the free-stream flow. A study of the static pressure distribution reveals significantly lower pressures on the leeward side. Thus, when placed on that side the tab does not produce a ‘‘pressure hill’’ of sufficient magnitude that is the primary source of streamwise vorticity in the flow field over the tab. This qualitatively explains the ineffectiveness. In comparison, there is a significant effect on the flow field when the tab is placed on the windward side. The sense of vorticity generated by the tab in the latter configuration is opposite to that of the bound vortex pair that otherwise characterizes the flow. Thus, the strength of the bound vortex pair is diminished and the jet penetration is reduced.
Shoe Sole Thickness and Hardness Influence Balance in Older Men (1992)

For optimal stability, shoes with thin, hard soles are preferable for older individuals. Health professionals should exercise caution when recommending shoes with thick, yielding midsoles, such as running shoes, to unstable elderly individuals. Older men and women with a history of falls or who are obviously unstable, should avoid barefoot locomotion.
Rationality and non-rationality of international attitudes (1958)

Any student of public opinion who has reviewed reactions of the general populace to such complex and remote phenomena as foreign affairs is apt to be left with the-impression that these reactions are, in large part, irrational. By that term he may refer to a variety of apparent departures from logical thought processes on the part of the respondents. Goals of foreign policy may be vaguely or erroneously comprehended by them. The actions advocated may be inconsistent, unfeasible, or pregnant with consequences inimical to the professed goals. Such judgments as these implicitly require an adequate standard of what are the appropriate goals and means in international relations. In such a matter the psychologist can have little useful to say. But it may be worthwhile to attempt an analysis of the psychological meaning of rationality itself, with a view toward discovering the conditions under which attitudes may be either rational or non-rational. Such an
How I treat amyloidosis (2009)

Amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder in which proteins change conformation, aggregate, and form fibrils that infiltrate tissues, leading to organ failure and death. The most frequent types are light-chain (AL) derived from monoclonal B-cell disorders producing amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains, and the hereditary and "senile systemic" (ATTR) variants from mutant and wild-type transthyretin (TTR). Diagnosis requires tissue biopsy. AL is more frequent and causes more organ disease than ATTR. Although both can cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure, AL progresses more quickly, so survival depends on timely diagnosis. Typing is usually based on clinical and laboratory findings with monoclonal gammopathy evaluation and, if indicated, TTR gene testing. Direct tissue typing is required when one patient has 2 potential amyloid-forming proteins. In coming years, widespread use of definitive proteomics will improve typing. New therapies are in testing for ATTR, whereas those for AL have followed multiple myeloma, leading to improved survival. Challenges of diagnosing and caring for patients with amyloidosis include determination of type, counseling, and delivery of prompt therapy often while managing multisystem disease. Recent advances grew from clinical research and advocacy in many countries, and global husbandry of such efforts will reap future benefits for families and patients with amyloidosis.
A survey on web modeling approaches for ubiquitous web applications (2008)

Purpose Ubiquitous web applications (UWA) are a new type of web applications which are accessed in various contexts, i.e. through different devices, by users with various interests, at anytime from anyplace around the globe. For such full‐fledged, complex software systems, a methodologically sound engineering approach in terms of model‐driven engineering (MDE) is crucial. Several modeling approaches have already been proposed that capture the ubiquitous nature of web applications, each of them having different origins, pursuing different goals and providing a pantheon of concepts. This paper aims to give an in‐depth comparison of seven modeling approaches supporting the development of UWAs. Design/methodology/approach This methodology is conducted by applying a detailed set of evaluation criteria and by demonstrating its applicability on basis of an exemplary tourism web application. In particular, five commonly found ubiquitous scenarios are investigated, thus providing initial insight into the modeling concepts of each approach as well as to facilitate their comparability. Findings The results gained indicate that many modeling approaches lack a proper MDE foundation in terms of meta‐models and tool support. The proposed modeling mechanisms for ubiquity are often limited, since they neither cover all relevant context factors in an explicit, self‐contained, and extensible way, nor allow for a wide spectrum of extensible adaptation operations. The provided modeling concepts frequently do not allow dealing with all different parts of a web application in terms of its content, hypertext, and presentation levels as well as their structural and behavioral features. Finally, current modeling approaches do not reflect the crosscutting nature of ubiquity but rather intermingle context and adaptation issues with the core parts of a web application, thus hampering maintainability and extensibility. Originality/value Different from other surveys in the area of modeling web applications, this paper specifically considers modeling concepts for their ubiquitous nature, together with an investigation of available support for MDD in a comprehensive way, using a well‐defined as well as fine‐grained catalogue of more than 30 evaluation criteria.
A wearable vital signs monitor at the ear for continuous heart rate and Pulse Transit Time measurements (2012)

A continuous, wearable and wireless vital signs monitor at the ear is demonstrated. The device has the form factor of a hearing aid and is wirelessly connected to a PC for data recording and analysis. The device monitors the electrocardiogram (ECG) in a single lead configuration, the ballistocardiogram (BCG) with a MEMS triaxial accelerometer, and the photoplethysmograms (PPG) with 660 nm and 940 nm LED sources and a static photocurrent subtraction analog front end. Clinical tests are conducted, including Valsalva and head-up tilt maneuvers. Peak timing intervals between the ECG, BCG and PPG are extracted and are shown to relate to pre-ejection period and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Pulse Transit Time (PTT) extracted from cross-correlation between the PPG and BCG shows improved results compared to the pulse arrival time (PAT) method for tracking changes in MAP.
The Digital Office: Overview (1998)

This paper describes our efforts to develop a &quot;Digital Office&quot; in which we augment a physical office setting with cameras and other electronic devices. Our goal is to bring the worlds of electronic and physical documents closer together and to facilitate the interaction of humans with all kinds of documents. In the &quot;Digital Office&quot; we extend the traditional notion of &quot;scanning&quot;documentsto include the capture of whiteboards, books, desktops, and the human office workers themselves. In particular, we give an overview of three systems in which video cameras unobtrusively observe and capture whiteboards and human gestures, papers on the desktop, and the motion of a user&apos;s face which is used to control the display of electronic documents in a browser. Each of these systems combines the features and affordances of both physical and electronic documents, and together they begin to illuminate the intelligent office environment of the future. Introduction In a typical office we are likely to f...
Rapid solidification of oxides : ZrO2-containing ceramics and high TcÌ³ superconductors (1988)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1988.
Exploring mechanisms of acquired resistance to HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-targeted therapies in breast cancer (2014)

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-targeted therapy in breast cancer is one of the earliest and arguably most successful examples of the modern class of targeted drugs. Initially identified in the 1980s, the observation that HER2 acts as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in the 20% of breast cancer cases carrying a gene amplification or protein overexpression cemented its place at the forefront of research in this field. The outlook for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer has been revolutionized by the introduction of HER2-targeted agents, such as trastuzumab and lapatinib, yet resistance is frequently encountered and multiple different resistance mechanisms have been identified. We have explored resistance to a novel pan-HER inhibitor, AZD8931, and we examine mechanisms of resistance common to trastuzumab, lapatinib and AZD8931, and discuss the current problems associated with translating the wealth of pre-clinical data into clinical benefit.
Combined α fetoprotein testing and ultrasonography as a screening test for primary liver cancer (1999)

The combination of both screening methods results in a relatively small increase in detection but a considerably higher false positive rate, increasing the costs. The combined test may be the best choice for primary liver cancer screening in developed areas of China, but otherwise, ultrasonography alone is the method of choice.