gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Control of Spherical and Anisotropic Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles via Precise Rigid Molecules (2015)

Highly monodisperse block copolymers allow for the preparation of luminescent particles with sizes reflecting the oligomer chain length. Self-organization in tetrahydrofuran/methanol leads to anisotropic nanorods with a thickness corresponding directly to the oligomer length (up to 14 nm for 21-mers). As a prerequisite for the realization of this concept, syntheses of defect-free poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with unprecedented chain length up to 43 repeat units were developed. Absorption and emission wavelength in solution continue to increase with increasing chain length, and do not converge until the 43-mer.
Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Sulfonamides (2003)

A series of arene and heteroarene sulfonamides were prepared in one vessel from aryl and heteroaryl bromides via conversion into the corresponding Grignard reagents using either magnesium or isopropylmagnesium chloride and subsequent reaction with sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, and an amine.
Narrowing of the intersubband electroluminescent spectrum in coupled-quantum-well heterostructures (1994)

We show that the introduction of a setback between the active region and the dopants has a dramatic effect on the spectrum of quantum-well intersubband electroluminescence at cryogenic temperatures, namely a strong blue shift and narrowing of the emission line. This is accompanied by a change of line shape from Gaussian to Lorentzian. A remarkable electric-field induced narrowing of the electroluminescent spectrum down to a width of 21 meV is also observed.
Renal transplantation: a quarter century of achievement. (1997)

Renal transplantation has become the treatment of choice for most types of end-stage renal failure. Immunosuppressive drug therapy has improved enormously over the past 25 years, and the advent of potent new drugs in addition to cyclosporine make multiple drug therapy for immunosuppression the direction of the immediate future. Monoclonal antibodies have so far had a limited role in immunosuppression, but are likely to prove of value in protocols aimed at inducing specific unresponsiveness to a renal allograft. This remains the goal of transplantation biology, because the long-term complications of all current nonspecific immunosuppressive protocols are formidable. In addition, the shortage of cadaver kidneys for transplantation has led to an increasing use of living related and unrelated donors, and stimulated a major research activity in xenotransplantation in an attempt to bring it to the clinic in the not too distant future.
Experimental Research on the Bio oil Derived From Biomass Pyrolysis Liquefaction (1999)

Biomass is a renewable energy resources. By utilizing flash pyrolysis technology, the sawdust was converted into liquid product(bio oil)which is of easy storage , transport, handling and high energy volume density .The rotating cone flash pyrolysis system was tested to produce the bio oil. The bio oil was experimented in air pressure rectification and lower pressure rectification and then the different parts of it were analyzed by GC MS and nuclear magnetic resonance equipment.
Secure Lossless Aggregation for Smart Grid M2M Networks (2010)

Whilst security is generally perceived as an important constituent of communication systems, this paper offers a viable security-communication-tradeoff particularly tailored to Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) in Smart Grid systems. These systems, often composed of embedded nodes with highly constrained resources, require e.g. metering data to be delivered efficiently whilst neither jeopardizing communication nor security. Data aggregation is a natural choice in such settings, where the challenge is to facilitate per-hop as well as end-to-end security. The prime contribution of this paper is to propose a secure aggregation protocol that meets the requirements of Smart Grids, and to analyze its efficiency considering various system configurations as well as the impact of the wireless channel through packet error rates. Relying on analysis and corroborative simulations, unprecedented design guidelines are derived which determine the operational point beyond which aggregation is useful as well quantifying the superiority of our protocol w.r.t. non-aggregated solutions.
A low-capacitance bipolar/BiCMOS isolation technology. I. Concept, fabrication process, and characterization (1994)

A device isolation structure for low-parasitic bipolar transistor integration is presented. The concept involves two selective epitaxial growth steps (SEG) and two polishing cycles which replace the collector-epitaxy and the deep/shallow trench formation in conventional device isolation. With an optimum device layout, the collector-substrate capacitance is reduced to /spl sime/30%, the collector-base capacitance to /spl sime/70%, and the extrinsic base contact resistance to <50% compared to trench isolation. The combination of SEG and polishing makes it possible to form SOI regions with locally different SOI thicknesses on the same wafer, so that fully depleted CMOS and vertical bipolar transistors can be combined in a SOI-BiCMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How to Strengthen the Financial Risk Management of Enterprises in the Era of Financial Technology (2023)

In recent years, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other emerging technologies have been gradually applied to traditional financial businesses, making the financial industry undergo great changes. However, there are two sides to everything. Although financial technology brings much convenience to people, it also generates some potential risks and hazards. This paper firstly analyzes the main financial risks faced by enterprises in the era of financial technology and their causes from a theoretical point of view; then finds that the financial risks faced by enterprises in China at present show a trend of diversification and complexity through empirical research, where the most prominent performance is the rise of credit default risk; finally puts forward the proposed measures to cope with these financial risks.
<title>Toward an autonomous feature-based pointing system for planetary missions</title> (1993)

Although the analytical groundwork for understanding two-dimensional object images and various aspects of computer vision has been laid, we have not yet applied these concepts to automating the process of obtaining science images during space exploration missions. Our current approach in specifying pointing-command sequences relies heavily on target predicts, based on predicted target and spacecraft ephemerides, that propagate the target position as a function of time during pointing operations. However, because the actual position of the target is never measured on board, the tracking loop must be closed through the ground processing operation. This round-trip communication-time limit can place severe limits on pointing accuracy, particularly during brief moments of closest approach. In this paper, we formulate and outline autonomous feature-based pointing requirements that can support a wide range of space science missions. The issues addressed include target-position estimation; acquisition and tracking of unresolved, partially viewed, and close-up targets; operation, and validation of point designs. Detailed algorithms and test results based on Voyager image data are also presented.
Sequence of a rat MHC class II-associated invariant chain cDNA clone containing a 64 amino acid thyroglobulin-.like domain (1989)

Journal Article Sequence of a rat MHC class II-associated invariant chain cDNA clone containing a 64 amino acid thyroglobulin-.like domain Get access Andrew J. McKnight, Andrew J. McKnight MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Don W. Mason, Don W. Mason MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.Neil Barclay A.Neil Barclay MRC Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3RE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, 25 May 1989, Pages 3983–3984, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.10.3983 Published: 25 May 1989 Article history Received: 11 April 1989 Published: 25 May 1989
In situ decoration of carbon nanotubes with nearly monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles in liquid polyols (2007)

Nearly monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles with sizes less than 10 nm have been successfully deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by in situ high-temperature decomposition of the precursor iron(III) acetylacetonate and MWNTs in polyol solution. The effects of the concentration of the iron precursor on the ultimate nanocomposites characteristics were investigated. XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, and PPMS of Quantum Design were used to characterize the final products. It was found that the sizes of nanoparticles and their coverage density on MWNTs could be easily controlled by changing the concentration of the precursor and the weight radio to MWNTs. A possible formation mechanism of the magnetite–MWNT nanocomposites was suggested. It was concluded that the magnetite nanoparticles formation on MWNTs through an aggregation process of subparticles that is influenced strongly by the presence of polyols. Magnetic measurements showed that the nanocomposites are superparamagnetic at room temperature and the magnetization of the samples is strongly influenced by the reaction conditions. The resulting nanomaterials can be easily dispersed in water and can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. As-synthesized nanocomposites have high potential for applications in the fields of composites, wastewater treatment, sensors, and biomaterials.
Kinetics of ethanol production by recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> KO11 (1995)

The fermentation kinetics for separate as well as simultaneous glucose and xylose fermentation with recombinant ethanologenic Escherichia coli KO11 are presented. Glucose and xylose were consumed simultaneously and exhibited mutual inhibition. The glucose exhibited 15 times stronger inhibition in xyclose fermentation than vice versa. The fermentation of condensate from steampretreated willow (Salix) was investigated. The kinetics were studied in detoxified as well as in nondetoxified condensate. The fermentation of the condensate followed two phases: First the glucose and some of the pentoses (xylose in addition to small amounts of arabinose) were fermented simultaneously, and then the remaining part of the pentoses were fermented. The rate of the first phase was independent of the detoxification method used, whereas the rate of the second phase was found to be strongly dependent. When the condensate was detoxified with overliming in combination with sulfite, which was the best detoxification method investigated, the sugars in the condensate, 9 g/L, were fermented in 11 h. The same fermentation took 150 h in nondetoxified condensate. The experimental data were used to develop an empirical model, describing the batch fermentation of recombinant E. coli KO11 in the condensate. The model is based on Monod kinetics including substrate and product inhibition and the sum of the inhibition exerted by the rest of the inhibitors, lumped together. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gastrin Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of Endothelial Cells via Modulation of Heparin-Binding Epidermal-Like Growth Factor (2006)

This study examined whether gastrin modulates endothelial cell activity via heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were assessed for tubule formation in the presence of amidated gastrin-17 (G17) and glycine-extended gastrin-17 (GlyG17) peptides. HB-EGF gene and protein expressions were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting, and HB-EGF shedding by ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 were assessed by Western blotting. Chick chorioallantoic membrane studies measured the in vivo angiogenic potential of gastrin and microvessel density (MVD) was assessed in large intestinal premalignant lesions of hypergastrinaemic APC(Min) mice. MVD was also examined in human colorectal tumor and resection margin normals and correlated with serum-amidated gastrin levels (via RIA) and HB-EGF protein expression (via immunohistochemistry). HUVEC cells showed increased tubule and node formation in response to G17 (186%, P < 0.0005) and GlyG17 (194%, P < 0.0005). This was blockaded by the cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK-2R) antagonists JB95008 and JMV1155 and by antiserum to gastrin and HB-EGF. Gastrin peptides increased HB-EGF gene expression/protein secretion in HUVEC and microvessel-derived endothelial cells and the levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9. G17 promoted angiogenesis in a chorioallantoic membrane assay, and MVD was significantly elevated in premalignant large intestinal tissue from hypergastrinaemic APC(Min) mice. In terms of the clinical situation, MVD in the normal mucosa surrounding colorectal adenocarcinomas correlated with patient serum gastrin levels and HB-EGF expression. Gastrin peptides, acting through the CCK-2R, enhance endothelial cell activity in models of angiogenesis. This may be mediated through enhanced expression and shedding of HB-EGF, possibly resulting from increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases. This proangiogenic effect translates to the in vivo and human situations and may add to the tumorigenic properties attributable to gastrin peptides in malignancy.
Search for Gravitational Waves (2003)

The current status of the experimental search for gravitational waves is reviewed here. The emphasis is on the Japanese TAMA project. We started operation of the TAMA300 laser interferometric detector in 1999, and are now collecting and analyzing observational data to search for gravitational wave signals.
NEW SELF-MIXING MICRO-INTERFEROMETER BASED ON EXTERNAL PHASE MODULATION (2007)

一新自我混合基于外部阶段调整微干涉仪被介绍。自我混合的干扰由在激光前面从象 amirror 一样目标反映光发生在一根激光二极管(LD ) 。横梁的正弦曲线阶段调整被 anelectro 眼的水晶(EOC ) 在外部洞获得。干扰信号的阶段被 Fourier 分析方法使解调。到激光力量和噪音的变化的仪器的敏感由环境导致了的调整和解调减少的联合。试验性地，新微干涉仪被使用与 < 的精确性测量高精确广告 PZT 的 themicro 排水量 10 nm。
Assessment of 3D Viewers for the Display of Interactive Documents in the Learning of Graphic Engineering (2012)

The purpose of this study is to determine which 3D viewers should be used for the display of interactive graphic engineering documents, so that the visualization and manipulation of 3D models provide useful support to students of industrial engineering (mechanical, organizational, electronic engineering, etc). The technical features of 26 3D visualization software programmes (viewers, publishers, 3D output formats) are examined, to select the three visualization configurations that best meet our needs at the Graphic Expression Department of the University of Burgos (Solidworks plus Solidworks eDrawings; Catia plus Catia eDrawings and 3DXML; several Computer-Aided Design software programmes plus Adobe Acrobat Pro Extended). These are compared using the Quality Function Deployment tool known as House of Quality. The House of Quality has enabled us to identify and quantify the importance attached by engineering teachers to each of their requirements for 3D viewers, and to identify and quantify the technical importance of each of the measurable features of these viewers.
Phenoxycycloalkylimine Ligated Zirconium Complexes for Ethylene Polymerization:  Formation of Vinyl-Terminated Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenes with High Efficiency (2006)

Bis(phenoxyimine)Zr complexes 1−8 containing a series of cycloalkyl groups on the imine-N's were synthesized (1: cyclopropyl; 2, 3: cyclobutyl; 4: cyclopentyl; 5, 7: cyclohexyl; 6, 8: 2-methylcyclohexyl). X-ray crystallographic analyses suggested that complexes 3, 5, and 8 assume an octahedral coordination geometry with a trans-phenoxy-O, cis-imine-N, and cis-Cl disposition and that the cycloalkyl groups on the imine-N's influence steric environments around the chlorine bound sites (i.e., potential polymerization sites). Upon activation with MAO at 25 °C, these complexes produced low-to-high molecular weight polyethylenes (PEs) (Mw 1900−960000, Mw/Mn 1.6−4.9) with very high efficiency (22−290 kg of PE/(mmol of cat. h)), which is comparable to or exceeds that seen with Cp2ZrCl2/MAO (28 kg of PE/(mmol of cat. h)). The cycloalkyl group has a profound effect on both catalytic activity and product molecular weight, indicating the critical importance of the substituent on the imine-N for polymerization catalysis. The catalytic activity increased with an increase in the steric bulk of the cycloalkyl substituent, albeit too much steric bulk reduced the activity. The product molecular weight was also related to the steric bulk of the cycloalkyl group, in that increased steric bulk normally resulted in higher molecular weight PEs. The PEs produced with complexes 1−5/MAO (Al/Zr molar ratio = 1250) possess a high degree of vinyl unsaturation at one of the two polymer chain ends (Mw 2000−14000, vinyl selectivity, 90−96 mol %). Polymerizations performed at a much higher Al/Zr molar ratio of 12500 confirmed the marked preference of these complexes for β-H transfer as the chain termination mechanism (Mw 1900−14000, vinyl selectivity, 90−95 mol %). The vinyl-terminated PEs were readily transformed to the corresponding epoxy- and diol-terminated PEs, which are valuable materials for PE- and polar polymer-based block and graft copolymers. Ethylene pressure studies on complexes 1, 2, 4, and 5 revealed a first-order dependence on ethylene for both the rate of chain propagation and the rate of chain transfer. On the basis of this polymerization behavior together with X-ray analyses and DFT calculation studies, we concluded that β-H transfer to an incoming monomer is responsible for the formation of vinyl-terminated PEs. The calculations revealed that the complexes disfavor β-H transfer to the Zr metal due to the extreme instability of a metal hydride species that is produced in such a chain transfer process. Therefore, the unique polymerization catalysis and distinctive polymer formation with phenoxycycloalkylimine ligated Zr complexes were demonstrated.
Semantic Parsing with Syntax- and Table-Aware SQL Generation (2018)

We present a generative model to map natural language questions into SQL queries. Existing neural network based approaches typically generate a SQL query word-by-word, however, a large portion of the generated results are incorrect or not executable due to the mismatch between question words and table contents. Our approach addresses this problem by considering the structure of table and the syntax of SQL language. The quality of the generated SQL query is significantly improved through (1) learning to replicate content from column names, cells or SQL keywords; and (2) improving the generation of WHERE clause by leveraging the column-cell relation. Experiments are conducted on WikiSQL, a recently released dataset with the largest question-SQL pairs. Our approach significantly improves the state-of-the-art execution accuracy from 69.0% to 74.4%.
Engineered bacterial communication prevents <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> virulence in an infant mouse model (2010)

To investigate the possibility of using commensal bacteria as signal mediators for inhibiting the disease cholera, we stably transformed Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Nissle) to express the autoinducer molecule cholera autoinducer 1 (CAI-1) (shown previously to prevent virulence when present with another signaling molecule, autoinducer 2, at high concentrations) and determined the effect on Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression and colonization in an infant mouse model. We found that pretreatment of mice for 8 h with Nissle engineered to express CAI-1 (Nissle-cqsA) greatly increased the mice's survival (92%) from ingestion of V. cholerae. Pretreatment with Nissle-cqsA for only 4 h increased survival by 77%, whereas ingesting Nissle-cqsA at the same time as V. cholerae increased survival rates by 27%. Immunostaining revealed an 80% reduction in cholera toxin binding to the intestines of mice pretreated for 8 h with Nissle-cqsA. Further, the numbers of V. cholerae in treated mouse intestines was reduced by 69% after 40 h. This finding points to an easily administered and inexpensive approach where commensal bacteria are engineered to communicate with invasive species and potentially prevent human disease.
Preservation of Mitochondrial Structure and Function after Bid- or Bax-Mediated Cytochrome <i>c</i> Release (2000)

Proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bid and Bax, can activate apoptosis by directly interacting with mitochondria to cause cytochrome c translocation from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm, thereby triggering Apaf-1-mediated caspase activation. Under some circumstances, when caspase activation is blocked, cells can recover from cytochrome c translocation; this suggests that apoptotic mitochondria may not always suffer catastrophic damage arising from the process of cytochrome c release. We now show that recombinant Bid and Bax cause complete cytochrome c loss from isolated mitochondria in vitro, but preserve the ultrastructure and protein import function of mitochondria, which depend on inner membrane polarization. We also demonstrate that, if caspases are inhibited, mitochondrial protein import function is retained in UV-irradiated or staurosporine-treated cells, despite the complete translocation of cytochrome c. Thus, Bid and Bax act only on the outer membrane, and lesions in the inner membrane occurring during apoptosis are shown to be secondary caspase-dependent events.
Induction of Human Osteoclast-like Cells by Treatment of Blood Monocytes with Anti-Fusion Regulatory Protein-1/CD98 Monoclonal Antibodies (1998)

We have developed a new and simple system of human osteoclast formation by fusing peripheral blood monocytes with anti-Fusion Regulatory Protein-1 (anti-FRP-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). When human blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of anti-FRP-1/CD98 mAbs, polykaryocytes began to appear at approximately 15 h and increased in size with time until 3-4 days of incubation with anti-FRP-1 mAb. These fused cells showed positive staining in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, possessed numerous calcitonin receptors, and were capable of bone resorption. These results strongly suggest that anti-FRP-1 antibody-induced multinucleated cells are osteoclasts. Furthermore, FRP-1 antigens were detected in osteoclasts isolated from human bone and in the osteoclast-like cells obtained from human giant cell tumors of bone.