gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CHEMISTRY OF FUSED SALTS (1958)

We purified the activated recombinant glucicorticoid receptor (GR) overexpressed in insect cells by sequential chromatographies using Mono Q and Mono S columns. This procedure was based upon a new finding that the activated GR binds both to a Mono Q column and to a Mono S column at the same pH (pH 8.4). The entire chromatographies took about 3 h and GR represented 97% of the purified protein sample. The purified GR was able to bind specifically to a DNA fragment containing the glucocorticoid response element. This purification protocol will be applicable to the purification of native GR, point-mutated recombinant GR and other nuclear receptors.
Method to Assess Identifiability in Electronic Data Files (2006)

The authors developed the Record Uniqueness (RU) software program to assess electronic data files for risk of confidentiality breach based on unique combinations of key variables. The underlying methodology utilized by the RU program generates a frequency distribution for every variable selected for analysis and for all combinations of the variables selected. In addition, the program provides the regression coefficient that designates the relative contribution of each variable to the unique records on the data file. The authors used RU to evaluate a North American Association of Central Cancer Registries research data set with 4.67 million cases from 34 population-based cancer registries for 1995-2001. To illustrate the process and utility of RU, they describe the evaluation process of the confidentiality risk of adding a county-based socioeconomic measure to the research file. The RU method enables one to be assured of record confidentiality, provides flexibility to adjust record uniqueness thresholds for different users or purposes of data release, and facilitates good stewardship of confidential data balanced with maximum use and release of information for research. RU is a useful data tool that can quantify the risk of confidentiality breach of electronic health databases, including reidentifiability of cases through triangulation of information or linkage with other electronic databases.
Image Registration in Intensity- Modulated, Image-Guided and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (2007)

Many recent advances in the technology of radiotherapy have greatly increased the amount of image data that must be rapidly processed. With the increasing use of multimodality imaging for target definition in treatment planning, and daily image guidance in treatment delivery, the importance of image registration emerges as key to improving the radiotherapy planning and delivery process at every step. Both clinicians and nonclinicians are affected in their work efficiency. Image registration can improve the correspondence of information in multimodality imaging, allowing more information to be obtained for tumor and normal tissue definition. Image registration at treatment delivery can improve the accuracy of therapy by taking greater advantage of images available prior to treatment. Technical advances have enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of registration through several approaches to automation, and by beginning to address the tissue deformation that occurs during the planning and therapy period. When using an automated registration technique, the user must understand the components of the registration process and the accuracy and limitations of the algorithm involved. This review presents the fundamental components of image registration, compares the benefits and limitations of different algorithms, demonstrates methods of visualizing registration.
Cardiotonic effects of reduced sulfhydryl amines after preservation of rabbit hearts. (1994)

This investigation was designed to examine the role of glutathione and other reduced sulfhydryl amines during reperfusion of the ischemic rabbit heart. To identify the biochemical features of reduced sulfhydryl amines contributing toward improved myocardial function, we investigated several chemical agents sharing a common property with glutathione (L-leucine, L-glycine, ascorbate, oxidized glutathione, L-cysteine). After a period of 24-hour hypothermic storage of the rabbit heart in a modified University of Wisconsin solution containing polyethylene glycol, the hearts were functionally evaluated on a Langendorff working heart model. The agents were then injected as a bolus (60 mumol/L) during reperfusion, and coronary flow and aortic output were measured. Control hearts were untreated. Reduced sulfhydryl amines (glutathione, L-cysteine) significantly improved coronary flow (p < 0.005) and cardiac output (p < 0.005). Ascorbate, L-leucine, L-glycine, and oxidized glutathione all failed to influence cardiac function.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Organic Acids in Dairy Products (1981)

ABSTRACT A simple isocratic HPLC technique was developed for the quantitative analysis of organic acids in dairy products. An Ammex HPX‐ 87 column at 65°C, 0.0090N H 2 SO 4 mobile phase and UV detection at 220 and 275 nm were utilized. Orotic, citric, pyruvic, lactic, uric, formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and hippuric acids were quantitated for whole milk, skim powder, cultured buttermilk, sour cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, sharp Cheddar cheese, and blue cheese. Over 90% recoveries of acids added to whole milk were observed for ail acids except butyrid; the average recovery for butyric was 86%.
Tissue Optical Clearing, Three-Dimensional Imaging, and Computer Morphometry in Whole Mouse Lungs and Human Airways (2014)

In whole adult mouse lung, full identification of airway nerves (or other cellular/subcellular objects) has not been possible due to patchy distribution and micron-scale size. Here we describe a method using tissue clearing to acquire the first complete image of three-dimensional (3D) innervation in the lung. We then created a method to pair analysis of nerve (or any other colabeled epitope) images with identification of 3D tissue compartments and airway morphometry by using fluorescent casting and morphometry software (which we designed and are making available as open-source). We then tested our method to quantify a sparse heterogeneous nerve population by examining visceral pleural nerves. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our method in human tissue to image full thickness innervation in irregular 3D tissue compartments and to quantify sparse objects (intrinsic airway ganglia). Overall, this method can uniquely pair the advantages of whole tissue imaging and cellular/subcellular fluorescence microscopy.
A GaN/Si Hybrid T-Type Three-Level Configuration for Electric Vehicle Traction Inverter (2018)

The inverter partial load performance is extremely important for the weighted average efficiency and vehicle mileage as during 95% of the driving time, the traction inverter for an electric vehicle is operating under < 30% full load. A GaN/Si hybrid T - Type Three-level configuration is proposed to enhance the light load efficiency. Due to the zero-reverse recovery of GaN HEMTs and the halved voltage stress across the device, the switching energy of IGBT is significantly reduced. The GaN neutral clamping leg will be disabled at full load to avoid employing full current-rating GaN HEMTs for BOM cost reduction. A GaN/Si hybrid T -type three-level phase-leg is prototyped to validate the design concept. Compared with conventional two-level configuration, the switching-on loss of IGBT in hybrid T-type configuration is reduced by about 92 %, and the switching-off loss is reduced by about 83% in the whole operating range. The system weighted-average efficiency analysis for a 150kW, 800V traction inverter is also presented.
X linked spastic paraplegia (SPG2): clinical heterogeneity at a single gene locus. (1993)

X linked hereditary spastic paraplegia is a rare condition that has been divided into two forms (the pure spastic form and the complicated form) as a function of clinical course and severity. A gene for pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG2) has been mapped to the proximal long arm of the X chromosome (Xq21) by linkage to the DXS17 locus, while a gene for a complicated form of the disease has been mapped to the distal long arm by linkage to the DXS52 locus (Xq28). Here we report on the mapping of a gene for complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia to the Xq21 region by linkage to the probe S9 at the DXS17 locus (Z = 5 at theta = 0.04) in a three generation pedigree. Multipoint linkage analysis supports the distal location of the disease gene with respect to the DXYS1-DXS17 block (cen-DXYS1-DXS3-DXS17-SPG2-tel). The observation of a complicated form of spastic paraplegia mapping to Xq21 raises the difficult issue of variable phenotypic expression, allelic heterogeneity, or even close proximity of two genes for hereditary spastic paraplegia in this region. However, since our study provides clinical evidence for intrafamilial heterogeneity in complicated X linked spastic paraplegia, the present data support the hypothesis of variable clinical expression of a single gene at the SPG2 locus, as previously suggested for SPG1. Finally, we report here what we believe to be the first evidence of clinical expression in heterozygous carriers, a feature that is relevant to genetic counselling in at risk females.
Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution by controlling excess noise (2016)

Quantum cryptography founded on the laws of physics could revolutionize the way in which communication information is protected. Significant progresses in long-distance quantum key distribution based on discrete variables have led to the secure quantum communication in real-world conditions being available. However, the alternative approach implemented with continuous variables has not yet reached the secure distance beyond 100 km. Here, we overcome the previous range limitation by controlling system excess noise and report such a long distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution experiment. Our result paves the road to the large-scale secure quantum communication with continuous variables and serves as a stepping stone in the quest for quantum network.
Molybdenum chemistry of biological significance : [proceedings] (1980)

Molybdoenzymes.- Electrochemical and Kinetic Studies of Nitrogenase: Brief Review and Recent Developments.- Electron Partitioning From Dinitrogenase to Substrate and the Kinetics of ATP Utilization.- Active Site Probes of Nitrogenase.- Studies on the Subunits of Clostridial Molybdenum-Iron Protein.- HD Formation by Nitrogenase: A Probe for N2 Reduction Intermediates.- Spectroscopic and Chemical Evidence for the Nature and Role of Metal Centers in Nitrogenase and Nitrate Reductase.- C2H2 Reduction and 15N2 Fixation in Blue-Green Algae.- Common Antigenic Sites for Nitrogenase From Azotobacter and Bacterial Nitrate Reductases.- E.P.R. and the Active Centres of Xanthine Oxidase and of Other Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes.- Formate Dehydrogenase From Clostridium Thermoaceticum.- Structural Chemistry of Molybdenum in Metalloenzymes as Elucidated by EXAFS.- EXAFS and Other Studies of Sulfite Oxidase Molybdenum.- Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor and Mo-fe-S Cubane Clusters.- Metabolism of Molybdenum by Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.- Studies on the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor From the Nitrogenase Mo-Fe Protein of Klebsiella Pneumoniae.- Chemical Properties of the Fe-Mo Cofactor From Nitrogenase.- Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Molybdenum- Sulfur Clusters.- Chemical and Physical Studies of Polynuclear Mo-Fe-S and Mononuclear Mo (III) Complexes.- Molybdo-Iron Mixed Cluster as a Fe-Mo Cofactor Model.- Reactions and Properties of Molybdenum Complexes.- Formation of Ammonia From Ligating Dinitrogen at a Single Metal Site and its Possible Relevance to the Nitrogenase Reaction.- Reactions of Hydrazido(2-) Complexes Derived From Molybdenum and Tungsten Dinitrogen Complexes.- Model Studies for Molybdenum Enzymes: Structures, Spectra, Electrochemistry and Reactions of Oxo Mo(VI), (V), and (IV) Complexes.- Mo(VI) Complexes of N,S-Donor Ligands: Relevance to Molybdenum Enzymes.- New Molybdenum Complexes with Sulfur Donor Ligands.- Structural Studies of Molybdenum Complexes.- Some Oxygen-Bridged Complexes of Molybdenum(VI).- Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Molyb-denum-Catechol Complexes: Models for Molybdoenzymes and Biological Transport.- Electrochemistry of Molybdenum Complexes. Effect of Structure and Solution Environment on Redox Properties.- Kinetic Study on the Disproportionation Equilibrium of ?-0xo-Bis-[0xobis(dithio Chelate)Molybdenum(V)] and Related Compounds.- Oxoxmolybdenum Complexes of Cysteine-Containing Peptides: Solution Structures and Oxidation Catalysis.- Structure and Circular Dichroism of Binuclear Molybdenum(V) Complexes with Optically Active Ligands.- Molybdenum Catalyzed Reductions of Small Molecules: Requirements of the Activated State.- Aqueous Solution Properties of Sulfido Complexes of Molybdenum(VI).- List of Contributors.
JPEG‐based scalable privacy protection and image data utility preservation (2018)

Here, the authors propose a scalable scrambling algorithm operating in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain within the JPEG codec. The goal is to ensure that people are no more identifiable while keeping their actions still understandable regardless of the image size. For each 8 × 8 block, the authors encrypt the DCT coefficients to protect data information, and shift them towards the high frequencies to make the DC position available. Whereas encrypted coefficients appear as noise in the protected image, the DC position is dedicated to restitute some of the original information (e.g. the average colour associated with one or a group of blocks). The proposed approach automatically sets the value of each DC according to the region of interest size in order to keep the level of privacy protection strong enough. Comparing to existing methods, the proposed privacy protection framework provides flexibility concerning the appearance of the protected version which makes it stronger for protecting the privacy even during potential attacks. Moreover, the method does not cause excessive perturbation for the recognition of the actions and slightly decreases the efficiency of the JPEG standard.
TCAD analysis for channel profile engineering with carbon doped Si (Si:C) layer for post-32 nm node bulk planar nMOSFETs (2008)

Carbon doped Si (Si:C) layer suppresses the boron diffusion and makes the steep channel profile; therefore, it is important to clarify the advantage of channel profile engineering using Si:C layer for the bulk planar nMOSFETs of post-32 nm technology node. In this paper, we demonstrate the merits of retrograde channel device with Si:C layer at 25 nm gate length, including the application for the bulk planar nMOSFETs with metal gate/ higher-k dielectrics by TCAD analysis.
Functional Rescue of the Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus-causing Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants G185C and R202C by a Second Site Suppressor Mutation (2001)

Mutations in the gene of the G protein-coupled vasopressin V2 receptor (V2 receptor) cause X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Most of the missense mutations on the extracellular face of the receptor introduce additional cysteine residues. Several groups have proposed that these residues might disrupt the conserved disulfide bond of the V2 receptor. To test this hypothesis, we first calculated a structure model of the extracellular receptor domains. The model suggests that the additional cysteine residues may form a second disulfide bond with the free, nonconserved extracellular cysteine residue Cys-195 rather than impairing the conserved bond. To address this question experimentally, we used the NDI-causing mutant receptors G185C and R202C. Their Cys-195 residues were replaced by alanine to eliminate the hypothetical second disulfide bonds. This second site mutation led to functional rescue of both NDI-causing mutant receptors, strongly suggesting that the second disulfide bonds are indeed formed. Furthermore we show that residue Cys-195, which is sensitive to "additional cysteine" mutations, is not conserved among the V2 receptors of other species and that the presence of an uneven number of extracellular cysteine residues, as in the human V2 receptor, is rare among class I G protein-coupled receptors.
A context based storage for ubiquitous computing applications (2004)

Context-aware systems are computing systems that provide relevant services and information to users based on their situational conditions [1]. Here, first we present a context based storage system that uses context to aid in the capture and access of documents in ubiquitous environment. Then we describe a set of context-aware applications that we have developed within our ubiquitous computing infrastructure utilizing the features of context based storage. Novel features of our system include the access rights mechanism for data and support for group activity. The design and implementation of the storage system presented in this paper contributes to the research of ubiquitous computing by integrating contextual information into the data storage and distributing this information so that it can be accessed on a mobile device, wherever and whenever needed.
A SIMPLE CONVERSION OF <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-DIMETHYL-2-ALKENYLAMINE TO 2-ALKENAL (1982)

Abstract Treatment of N,N-dimethyl-2-alkenylamine with 30% H2O2 followed by acetic anhydride affords 2-alkenal (α,β-unsaturated aldehyde) in good isolated yield.
Assessment of Odor Annoyance and Its Relationship to Stimulus Concentration and Odor Intensity (1998)

Results from the present study suggest that magnitude estimation of odor annoyance shows acceptable reliability and that it generates stable individual psychophysical power functions with relatively similar exponent sizes between subjects.
Characterization of plasmids with antimicrobial resistant genes in Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (1992)

Two R plasmids, pYFC1 and pYFC2, from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 encoding sulfonamide, streptomycin (pYFC1), and ampicillin (pYFC2) resistances have been characterized by restriction endonuclease digestions, subcloning or DNA sequencing. pYFC1 consists of 4225 bp and is 51.9% in AT content. Physical mapping indicated a highly conserved region of restriction sites among pYFC1, RSF1010, pGS05, pFM739, pHD148 and pGS03B. pYFC1 encoded a dihydropteroate synthase (29.8 kDa), and streptomycin kinase (29.6 kDa) which is homologous in nucleotide sequences or deduced amino acid sequence to that encoded by a broad-host range IncQ plasmid RSF1010. Based on the primary structure of pYFC1, the sulfonamide and streptomycin genes are derived from the same ancestor of RSF1010. pYFC2 is similar to the plasmid from P. haemolytica LNPB51 isolated in France by partial restriction enzyme mapping. pYFC1 and pYFC2 have the same size of 4.2 kbp.
PMAP-37, a Novel Antibacterial Peptide from Pig Myeloid Cells. cDNA Cloning, Chemical Synthesis and Activity (1995)

A molecular biological approach, based on preproregion homology in the precursors of several diverse antibacterial peptides, was used to clone a pig bone marrow cDNA encoding a novel 167-residue polypeptide. The preproregion of this polypeptide is highly similar to corresponding regions in congeners from pig, cattle and rabbit. It is followed by a unique, cationic, 37-residue sequence, which was predicted to have a high propensity for an alpha-helical conformation. A peptide, termed PMAP-37, corresponding to this sequence, was chemically synthesized and shown to undergo a transition from a random coil to an ordered, mainly helical, conformation on addition of trifluoroethanol. This behaviour is typical of an amphipathic alpha helix, a structure common to several membrane-active, antimicrobial peptides. In vitro experiments showed that PMAP-37 strongly inhibits the growth of several strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging over 1-4 microM, and permeabilizes the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Interestingly, the 15-32 stretch of PMAP-37 show a remarkable similarity to N-terminal stretches in cecropins B and A from Drosophila melanogaster and Cecropia hyalophora, respectively. This affords an uncommon example of sequence convergence.
Two methods for the transmission of IP datagrams over IEEE 802.3 networks (1985)

This memo describes two methods of encapsulating Internet Protocol (IP) [1] datagrams on an IEEE 802.3 network [2].This RFC suggests a proposed protocol for the ARPA-Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 7‐substituted 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acids: Ethers, secondary amines and sulfides as c‐7 substituents (1989)

Abstract A series of 7‐substituted 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acids were prepared from 1‐ethyl‐6,7‐difluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid 8 . Those derivatives reported contain acyclic and heterocyclic substituents linked to the quinolone C‐7 position via O, NH or S. The in vitro antibacterial data of some of these derivatives against 4 Gram positive and 4 Gram negative organisms are reported.
Use of Alveolar Macrophages for Cultivation of Canine Distemper Virus. (1967)

SummaryCell cultures prepared from dog lungs without trypsinization contained viable lung macrophages. When such cultures were inoculated with CDV, giant cells were seen 2 to 6 days after inoculation. When virulent CDV was titrated in DL cell cultures and in dogs, comparable endpoints were obtained. Giant cell formation in lung macrophage cultures, therefore, permitted demonstration and assay of virulent CDV.
Development and Scale-Up of an Optimized Route to the Peptide Boronic Acid, CEP-18770 (2013)

CEP-18770 is an unstable peptide boronic acid and an amorphous solid, making it a challenging synthetic target. Process R&D led to a new process that avoided chromatography through crystalline intermediates, increased atom and volume efficiency, provided a chromophore, and gave higher yields and purity. A stable, crystalline diethanolamine adduct was discovered that has the potential to be used as a prodrug.
Design Of Low Noise, High Performance X-Ray Charge-Coupled-Device Cameras (1987)

In general, attention to a multitude of details is essential when designing low noise CCD cameras. This paper describes some of the critical details of the MIT x-ray CCD camera design. Special attention is given to those portions of the system that deviate from conventional practice in the design of CCD cameras. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to generalize the design so that both optical and x-ray requirements can be satisfied whenever possible. Currently, noise levels of <8 rms are routinely achieved with this design, and even lower levels (<5 e) should be realizable.
Kinetics of Pore Formation by an Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin 2, in Phospholipid Bilayers (1995)

The kinetics of the pore formation by magainin 2, an antimicrobial peptide from Xenopus laevis, in lipid vesicles was investigated. The pore formation was estimated by the efflux of a fluorescent dye, calcein, from large unilamellar vesicles composed of egg yolk phosphatidylglycerol. The time courses of the dye release were well-described by a novel model in which the peptide molecules translocate from the outer to the inner monolayer by forming a pore. The concentration dependence of the leakage rate suggested that the pore consists of pentameric magainin. The obtained kinetic parameters estimate that, at a lipid-to-peptide molar ratio of 117, 9 pores with a lifetime of 40 microseconds open per second per vesicle in the initial phase. The apparent deactivation of the pore with increasing time can be ascribed to the reduced peptide density in the outer leaflet due to the translocation. Incorporation of phosphatidylcholine destabilized the pore, indicating the importance of anionic lipids in the stable pore formation.