gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Serotypes over 7 Decades (2010)

Background. Pneumococcal infections have historically played a major role in terms of morbidity and mortality. We explored historical trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal serotypes in a population exposed to limited antibiotic selective pressure and conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (PCV). Methods. Retrospective cohort study based on nationwide laboratory surveillance data on IPD collected uninterruptedly in Denmark during 1938-2007. Changes in the reported incidence and trends of pneumococcal serotypes were explored using nonlinear regression analysis. Results. There were 25,502 IPD cases included in our study. The median incidence of IPD increased from 2.8 cases per 100,000 population (interquartile range [IQR], 1.5-2.6) during the first 4 decades to 15.7 cases per 100,000 population (IQR, 7-20.4) during the 1980s and 1990s, mainly attributed to an increase in the number of bacteremia cases. The incidence of meningitis remained relatively stable, with a median of 1.3 cases per 100,000 population (IQR, 0.9-1.6). The proportions of serotypes/groups 4 and 9 increased; the proportion of serotype 18C decreased; the proportions of serotypes 6, 7F, 14, and 23F remained stable; and serotype 2 nearly disappeared. Before the 1960s, serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 5 presented peaks every 2-3 years, becoming less frequent during the 1970s with peaks every 7-10 years. Between 20% and 90% of IPD in children <5 years were caused by PCV serotypes during the last 4 decades. Cases of IPD caused by serotype 19A increased before introduction of PCV. Between 1993 and 2007, the level of resistance to macrolides and β-lactams was ≤6%. Conclusions. The epidemiology of IPD and single serotypes has constantly changed over the past 7 decades. PCV serotypes appeared to dominate the pneumococcal population.
A Summary of an Experimental Research on the Control of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and a Preliminary Clinical Report (1935)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1935A Summary of an Experimental Research on the Control of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and a Preliminary Clinical Report Wm. E. Lower, W.J. Engel, and D. Roy McCullagh Wm. E. LowerWm. E. Lower More articles by this author , W.J. EngelW.J. Engel More articles by this author , and D. Roy McCullaghD. Roy McCullagh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72319-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1935 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byKrichesky B, Benjamin J, Belt E and Schwartz M (2018) Endocrinologic Studies on the Prostate Gland in the Male Rabbit I. The Response of Intraocular Prostatic Implants to Testosterone Propionate and to Castration in Completely Prostatectomized AnimalsJournal of Urology, VOL. 46, NO. 2, (303-318), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1941.Heckel N (2018) The Influence of Testosterone-Propionate Upun Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Spermatogenesis: A Clinical and Pathological Study in the HumanJournal of Urology, VOL. 43, NO. 2, (286-308), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1940.Vidgoff B (2018) The Hormonal Control of the Prostate and its Relation to Clinical Prostatic Hypertrophy: Survey of the LiteratureJournal of Urology, VOL. 42, NO. 3, (359-371), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1939.Smith G (2018) The Obstructing Prostate: Its Treatment, Surgical and OtherwiseJournal of Urology, VOL. 42, NO. 2, (145-157), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1939.Thomson D (2018) Relations Between Endocrinology and UrologyJournal of Urology, VOL. 41, NO. 4, (435-449), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1939.Boyd E and Berry N (2018) Prostatic Hypertrophy as Part of a Generalized Metabolic Disease. Evidence of the Presence of a LipopeniaJournal of Urology, VOL. 41, NO. 3, (406-411), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1939.Jones H (2018) Possible Anatomic Relations Between Pituitary Body and Prostate Gland: I. Normal Pituitary BodyJournal of Urology, VOL. 41, NO. 1, (84-94), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1939.Moore R and McLellan A (2018) A Histological Study of the Effect of the Sex Hormones on the Human ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 40, NO. 5, (641-657), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1938.Walther H and Willoughby R (2018) Hormonal Treatment of Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 40, NO. 1, (135-144), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1938. Volume 34Issue 6December 1935Page: 670-677 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1935 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Wm. E. Lower More articles by this author W.J. Engel More articles by this author D. Roy McCullagh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Never stop learning [disaster management] (2013)

It is 25 YEARS since tragedy struck in the North Sea. One hundred and sixty seven people died in the Piper Alpha fire on 6 July 1988, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster. The majority of the victims suffocated in toxic fumes that developed after a gas leak set off the blasts and sparked the fire. Lessons were taken on board, but are these lessons still at the heart of oil and gas management culture? Recent evidence would suggest that they aren't and that possibly companies still give too much credence to personal safety issues rather than looking at the bigger picture of process safety.
Synthesis of analogues of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-diphosphate (1992)

The synthesis of three types of diphosphate analogues of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-diphosphate is reported. Routes are described to the 5′-phosphonoacetamido, the 5′-N-phosphonosulfamoyl and the 5′-O-sulfamoylcarbamoyl derivatives, 2, 3 and 4 starting from 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU). In the course of the synthesis of 3, the 5′-sulfamoyl derivative 19, an analogue of IDU 5′-monophosphate was prepared. The antiherpes virus activity of 2, 4 and 19 is reported.
The Effects of Wake-Passing Unsteadiness Over a Highly-Loaded Compressor-Like Flat Plate (2002)

The present study is concerned with wake-induced unsteady effects in axial-compressor blade rows. The goal is to exploit these effects in order to design high-lift blades without increasing the profile loss, as has been achieved for low-pressure turbine blades. In the first part of this paper, the experimental means and the computational fluid dynamics tools are described. The rig features a flat plate that can be subjected to different velocity distributions representative of the suction side of a real compressor blade. Cylindrical bars mounted on a moving system simulate the incoming wakes from the upstream blade row in the compressor. Results are presented for steady flow and for unsteady compressor-like conditions. In all cases, the separation bubble of the steady flow is suppressed by the turbulence that is induced in the boundary layer by the wakes at approximately 10% of the suction side. Its reappearance is then delayed by a region of stable laminar-like flow and low loss, the so-called calming effect that follows the wake-induced patch. The paper describes these phenomena for an example of configuration. It is then shown that it should be possible to increase the lift by 35% while keeping the same level of loss as the initial conventional pressure distribution of the study.
A graphics-based programming-support system (1978)

A programming support system using extended Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams (NSD) is described. The aim of the work is to develop techniques for improving the quality and cost of specifying, documenting and producing computer programs. NSD's can be executed interpretively or compiled to produce running code. The system implementation has begun and charts can be drawn on a variety of display devices. The system is being developed using the Picture Building System developed earlier.
Genetic study of the functional organization of the colicin E1 molecule (1985)

Colicin E1 fragments obtained by genetic manipulations of the ColE1 plasmid were tested for bactericidal activity, binding to bacterial cells, and reactions with a series of anticolicin monoclonal antibodies. Two of the fragments were also tested for ability to form channels in liposomal vesicles. The results are in agreement with studies from chemically and enzymatically derived colicin fragments, assigning the receptor binding activity to the central part of the molecule and the killing activity to a region near the carboxyl terminus.
The chimpanzee genome (2005)

Abstract The complete genome sequence of the common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) is a unique tool for elucidating the mutational processes and selective pressures that have shaped the human genome in our recent evolutionary history. This article highlights initial insights from comparative analyses of the chimpanzee and human genomes.
Flower development pathways (2000)

This diagram displays our current knowledge of the signaling pathways that promote flowering and of how floral architecture is determined in Arabidopsis. The model is based mainly on genetic interactions between mutants affected in flowering time, floral meristem identity and floral organ identity. Some interactions, such as the activation of the transcription of floral organ identity genes by LEAFY, have also been confirmed at the molecular level.Light is perceived by photoreceptors and, if the circadian clock identifies long photoperiods, activates a facultative long-day pathway (shown in red). If the photoperiod is short, flowering depends exclusively on a gibberellin-dependent pathway (shown in yellow) and on a photoperiod-independent pathway that is primarily responsive to temperature (shown in blue). The metabolic state of the plant is reflected in the amount of circulating sucrose (shown in pink), which also promotes flowering. The ultimate targets for the flowering-time pathways are the floral meristem identity genes (shown in green), whose activity confers floral identity to newly emerging primordia. The correct arrangement of floral organs is established initially by the floral organ identity genes, whose regionalized expression is a consequence of activation by floral meristem identity proteins and mutual interactions (shown in brown).
A Gold Coast Library (1924)

Journal Article A Gold Coast Library Get access A Gold Coast Library. By A. W. Cardinall. (London: Francis Edwards, 1924. Pp. 36. Paper. 1s.) E. W. S. E. W. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume XXIV, Issue XCIII, October 1924, Page 75, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100109 Published: 01 October 1924
Trends in international health development. (2002)

The international health development scene has changed rapidly during the past 5 years. From being a merely bilateral effort together with a few multilateral organisations and many NGOs new global partnerships have entered the scene and become major funding agencies. The provision of aid has also changed from small-scale project basis to financial support of large programmes. The purpose of this article is to describe some of the major transformations taken place in the organising, delivery and objective of international health development. But before presenting the new international health development agenda, a short introduction to the challenges inducing the need for renewed thinking about international aid is shortly presented.
Interactions of cartilage proteoglycans with hyaluronate. The role of the hyaluronate acetamido groups. (1979)

Hyaluronate oligomers were treated with anhydrous hydrazine in the presence of hydrazine sulfate to remove the N-acetyl groups. Complete deacetylation could not be achieved without extensive degradation of the oligosaccharide chain. Partially deacetylated oligomers exhibited decreased inhibition of cartilage proteoglycan-hyaluronate interaction as compared to the unreacted starting material; re-N-acetylation by reaction with acetic anhydride restored the inhibitory activity to a great extent. When the hydrazine-treated oligosaccharides were reacted with other acyl anhydrides, the inhibitory potency was restored to an extent which was inversely related to the size of the acyl group. Thus, for maximal interaction between hyaluronate and proteoglycan, the glucosamine residue of hyaluronate must be N-acylated with a minimally sized acyl group.
Less Contact: Heart-Rate Detection Without Even Touching the User (2004)

Heart-rate sensing is very important. Whereas there are different methods and commercial products available, they all have a common drawback: the user has to mount some piece of sensor to his body. This paper provides a case study on how micro-impulse radar (MIR) can be used to sense heart-rate in a contact-free manner. With a sequence of tests the robustness of radar to different placements and even distances from the subject is shown. Since MIR is also cheap and power-efficient this paper suggests heart-rate sensing through radar as a promising approach.
Interturn voltage stress in electrical machine windings due to fast switching surges (1984)

A multi-conductor transmission line model is developed to represent the line-end coil of a winding under surge conditions. Transmission line parameters are calculated and surge voltage at any point within the line-end coil is predicted for a given surge and termination. The influence of inclusion of the rotor, variation in the slot length and location of the coil side in the slot, on maximum interturn voltages within the line-end coil is examined.
Decreased expression of CD28 coincides with the down‐modulation of CD3ζ and augmentation of caspase‐3 activity in T cells from hepatocellular carcinoma‐bearing patients and hepatitis C virus‐infected patients (2004)

These results demonstrate impairment of the cellular immune system in HCC and HCV patients from the viewpoints of the down-modulation of CD3zeta and CD28 on T cells and T-cell apoptosis. In addition, the results imply that the down-modulation of CD3zeta and T-cell apoptosis take place in activated T cells.
Cross-reactivity of steroid hormone immunoassays: clinical significance and two-dimensional molecular similarity prediction (2014)

Compounds producing cross-reactivity in steroid hormone immunoassays generally have a high degree of structural similarity to the target hormone. Clinically significant interactions can occur with structurally similar drugs (e.g., prednisolone and cortisol immunoassays; methyltestosterone and testosterone immunoassays) or with endogenous compounds such as 21-deoxycortisol that can accumulate to very high concentrations in certain disease conditions. Simple similarity calculations can help triage compounds for future testing of assay cross-reactivity.
Studies on equine recurrent uveitis. II: The role of infection with<i>Leptospira interrogans</i>serovar<i>pomona</i> (1985)

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the serum and aqueous humor of horses. Serum antibody was also assayed by microscopic agglutination tests. Although higher levels of antibody were found in sera from horses with signs of uveitis, the association was not statistically significant. Antibodies to pomona were detected in the aqueous of 12 eyes from the 101 horses sampled at a slaughterhouse, and in most instances, a comparison of the aqueous/serum antibody level with that of the total aqueous/serum IgG level indicated intraocular antibody synthesis. Antibodies were also found in 4 aqueous (or vitreous) samples out of 9 obtained from horses with clinically documented uveitis and the above comparison again indicated intraocular antibody synthesis. The data point to an important role for pomona as an etiology of equine recurrent uveitis but also emphasize that the initiating cause for this disease is often obscure in that association with leptospirosis cannot be shown in many instances.
Tetrahedron based, least squares, progressive volume models with application to freehand ultrasound data (2000)

We present a new method for the modeling of freehand collected three-dimensional ultrasound data. The model is piecewise linear and based upon progressive tetrahedral domains created by a subdivision scheme which splits a tetrahedron on on its longest edge and guarantees a valid tetrahedrization. Least squares error is used to characterize the model and an effective iterative technique is used to compute the values of the model at the vertices of the tetrahedral grid. Since the subdivision strategy is adaptive, the complexity of the model conforms to the complexity of the data leading to an extremely efficient and highly compressed volume model. The model is evaluated in real time using piecewise linear interpolation, and gives a medical professional the chance to see images which would not be possible using conventional ultrasound techniques.
Teprotumumab: a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (2020)

Teprotumumab has demonstrated substantial and rapid improvement in Clinical Activity Score and proptosis reduction in TAO compared to placebo. Subjective diplopia and quality of life were also improved in both clinical trials. Teprotumumab exhibited a favorable safety profile, with transient hyperglycemia, muscle cramps, and auditory side effects being associated with the drug; these were usually transient. The trial findings indicate that teprotumumab is a promising, potential first-line therapy for treating TAO.
Effect of uridine supply on glycogen resynthesis after ischaemia in the isolated perfused rat heart (1983)

Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min low flow ischaemia (0.5 ml X min-1). During reperfusion, uridine (5 X 10(-5) mol X litre-1) was added to the perfusion medium for 30 min. The concentrations of creatine phosphate, adenine nucleotides, uridylic nucleotides and glycogen were determined at the end of the experiments. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of uridine supply on the concentration of energetic compounds during reperfusion recovery. Low flow ischaemia induced a breakdown of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and total adenine nucleotides by 53%, 23% and 15% respectively. The creatine phosphate content was restored during reperfusion without uridine, but the adenine nucleotides remained unchanged. The uridylic nucleotides and the glycogen were also degraded during ischaemia by 56% and 53% for uridine triphosphate and glycogen respectively. Reperfusion without uridine induced a partial resynthetisation of uridylic nucleotides but glycogen stores were not significantly restored. When tested in oxygenated hearts, uridine supply induced a fall in creatine phosphate concentration and an enhancement of uridine triphosphate level but it had no effect on adenosine triphosphate, uridine diphosphate glucose or glycogen concentrations. If supplied during reperfusion, the nucleoside induced the complete restoration of myocardial ATP, total adenine nucleotide content, an increase in the uridylic nucleotide concentration and the resynthetisation of glycogen to supra-normal value.
Simulation methodologies to support novel fuse design for energy storage systems using COMSOL (2013)

The conventional fusing strategy for high current applications is to use potentially bulky and expensive cartridge fuses. In a typical battery pack configuration in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), one fuse can be required for each module, or additionally for each cell for double protection. As an example, a vehicle battery with several modules could require significant cost, weight and volume to protect itself using conventional cartridge fuses. The paper proposes the use of finite element modelling and simulation techniques in understanding the behaviour of novel fusing features that would need to be integrated into existing conductors safely. Accurate simulation reduces the need for real parts to characterise the performance of a given fuse design, hence speeding up the design process. Using a finite-element, multi-physics simulator, such as COMSOL, complex fuse designs with perforated features rather than traditional material thinning, aimed at providing structural stability, were used for the evaluation of the methodology. The paper shows validation of a conventional fuse design against the FE model and compares the behaviour of a conventional fuse design and busbar fuse, using modelled result. It also shows the equivalent thermal performance and structural performance analysis and demonstrates the effectiveness of using tools like COMSOL by comparing simulation results with experimental test data.
The Hopfield neural network model for solving affine transformation parameters in the correlation method (2006)

In this paper, we present the Hopfield neural network model to provide solution for affine transformation parameters in the correlation method. Affine transformation equation is derived to get the mean-square error. The model maps the mean-square error equation with the energy function. When the energy function reaches local minima, the mean-square error is minimized. Outputs of the model will be affine transformation parameters. These parameters are applied in the affine transformation equation to register the corresponding two images.
Paired STSs amplified from radiation hybrids, and from associated YACs, identify highly polymorphic loci flanking the ataxia telangiectasia locus on chromosome 11q22–23 (1993)

The high resolution mapping of the ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) locus on chromosome 11q22-23 requires the generation of new polymorphic markers specifically within the segment of 11q22-23 to which the locus has been assigned. We have made use of a library of Alu-PCR clones, amplified from a radiation reduced somatic cell hybrid containing the relevant chromosome 11 segment, to generate sequence tagged sites (STS) within the 11q22-23 region and have used YAC clones to extend the loci identified by these STSs. The identification of paired polymorphisms (from Alu-PCR and the associated YAC derived clone), which are physically linked, but which show minimal linkage disequilibrium, provides a highly informative haplotype for use in genetic linkage analysis in A-T families. We describe the characterisation of 2 such polymorphic loci, D11S535 and D11S611, which map between existing flanking markers, and which provide additional information on the location of the major A-T locus.
GSM Based Anti-theft Security System Using AT&T Command. (2012)

Antitheft security system security system using AT&T COMMAND utilizes an embedded system design with GSM to monitor and safeguard a car. It secures the car against theft. Upon activation, it automatically demobilizes the car by disconnecting the ignition key supply from the car battery. This now makes it impossible for anybody so starts the car, let alone moving with it. In an attempt of theft through the car doors or boot, the system sends text message to the car owner and at the same time starts up an alarm. This design popped out due to the increasing rate at which packed cars are stolen especially in our country, but with this design this packed car is being monitored irrespective of where it is packed, provided there is GSM network coverage. From the research conducted, it was found out that majority of the existing car security system uses only alarm, and doesn’t send text message to the car owner let alone of demobilizing the car. But with the use of GSM network, the owner is guaranteed that the car will send text message to his phone, and at the same time, have people around alerted of what is happening. Added to this is that the car will not be move because it has been demobilized. The use of AT&T COMMAND made the design use very few electronics component, look very small and compact that it can be hardly seen when mounted in the car [2].