gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-entangled photon-pair generation in commercial-grade polarization-maintaining fiber (2014)

We demonstrate a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs at visible wavelengths suitable for integration with local quantum-processing schemes. The photons are created through birefringent phase-matching in spontaneous four-wave mixing inside a Sagnac interferometer. We address entanglement due to temporal distinguishability of the photons to enable the generation of a spectrally unfiltered polarization-entangled photon-pair state with 95.86±0.10% fidelity to a maximally entangled Bell state, evaluated with a tomographic state reconstruction without applying any corrections or background subtractions. Owing to the large birefringence of the fiber, photons are created far detuned from the pump, where Raman contamination is negligible. This source’s spatial mode and ability to produce spectrally uncorrelated photons make it suitable for implementing quantum information protocols over free-space and fiber-based networks.
Expert system for supervision of mineral flotation cells using artificial vision (2002)

This paper describes an expert system for the supervision of flotation plants that uses ACEFLOT, a real-time analyzer of the dynamic characteristics of flotation froth. The ACEFLOT analyzer, based on image processing, measures several physical parameters of the froth that forms on the cell surface. The expert system detects abnormal operation and suggests corrective actions, supporting operators on the supervision and control of the flotation plant.
An interaction-based access control model (IBAC) for collaborative services (2008)

A collaboration is a collection of services that work together to achieve a common goal. Although collaborations help when tackling difficult problems, they lead to security issues. First, a collaboration is often performed by services that are drawn from different security domains. Second, a service interacts with multiple peer services during the collaboration. These interactions are not isolated from one another - e.g., data may flow through a sequence of different services. As a result, a service is exposed to multiple peer services in varying degrees, leading to different security threats. We identify the types of interactions that can be present in collaborations, and discuss the security threats due to each type. We propose a model for representing the collaboration context so that a service can be made aware of the existing interactions. We provide an access control model for a service participating in a collaboration. We couple our access control model with a policy model, so that the access requirements from collaborations can be expressed and evaluated.
THE HEMORRHAGIC TENDENCY AS A FREQUENT CAUSE OF CRANIAL HEMORRHAGE OF THE NEW-BORN (1920)

At the meeting of the Section on Diseases of Children of the American Medical Association in Chicago, June, 1918, I expressed the belief that an important factor in intracranial hemorrhage occurring during, or soon after birth, was the so-called hemorrhagic tendency of the new-born, frequently expressed in hemorrhages from the mucous surfaces in various portions of the body.<sup>1</sup>A case in point was cited of an infant, 3 days old, in which, following diagnosis, a cranial decompression was performed, revealing a general hemorrhagic oozing of the pia. Convulsions and other cranial pressure symptoms were relieved, but vomiting of blood, and hemorrhage from the rectum, caused death a day later, in spite of prompt blood transfusion from the father. The free use of lumbar puncture and of human blood serum, horse serum or thromboplastin was suggested at that time in every instance where intracranial hemorrhage of the new-born is suspected.
New data on the reaction of 1,4-bifunctional derivatives of hydrazine with 1,3-diketones (1987)

As a function of the conditions of the reaction and the structure of the reagents, mono- and bis-adducts of different structure - 5-hydroxy- and 5-hydrazino-2-pyrazolines, mono- and bis(hydrazones), and the corresponding pyrazoles - are formed in the reaction of hydrazine derivatives - aminoguanidine nitrate, 4-phenylsemicarbazide, amidrazonium iodides, and some thiosemicarbazides - with acetylacetone and dibenzoylmethane. The conditions of the formation of these products and the features of their structure were examined.
A new modification method of exploded lignin for the preparation of a carbon fiber precursor (1993)

Abstract A lignin‐pitch for carbon fiber was prepared in a high yield from exploded lignin on phenolysis followed by heat treatment under a vacuum. The lignin‐pitch had an excellent spinnability in the melt state to form a fine filament. The green fibers were easily made infusible when heated in air at a relatively high heating rate (15‐60°C/h). The lignin‐based carbon fiber was produced in 43.7% of yield based on a starting material. The tensile strength was more than 400 MPa, indicating that the lignin‐based carbon fiber is classified into a general purpose grade. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The NH<sub>2</sub>‐terminal extension of high molecular weight bFGF is a nuclear targeting signal (1991)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a member of the heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) family that includes at least seven species. These proteins are potent regulators of a number of cellular processes, including cell division and angiogenesis. Multiple forms of bFGF exist differing only in the length of their NH2-terminal extensions. These species of bFGF also have unique subcellular distributions. The smallest form (18 kD) occurs predominantly in the cytosol, while the higher molecular weight forms (22, 22.5, 24 kD) are associated with the nucleus and ribosomes. Here we report that the nuclear localization of the higher molecular weight forms of bFGF derives specifically from the amino acid sequences within the NH2-terminal extension. This has been demonstrated by constructing a chimeric protein containing the NH2-terminal extension of the highest molecular weight form of bFGF fused to beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). After transfection in a transient expression system, the chimeric protein accumulated in the nuclei of transfected cells, while the wild-type beta-gal was found predominantly in the cytoplasm.
Absorption Kinetics and Biologic Effects of Subcutaneously Injected Insulin Preparations (1982)

This paper describes systematic studies on the absorption kinetics of exogenous insulin from its subcutaneous tissue depot in 52 male nonobese volunteers (age 20-30 yr). Five experimental protocols were used: effect of changing injection site, effect of temperature change and local massage, effect of aprotinin and human serum, effect of mixing regular insulin with long-acting insulin preparations, and effect of temperature change, muscular exercise, and local massage on the absorption of long-acting insulin preparations. The fastest absorption of insulin occurred at the abdominal injection. Absorption after arm injection was faster than after thigh injection. A hot bath and local massage dramatically increased serum insulin levels in the first 90 min after injection; in contrast, a cold bath delayed absorption substantially. Both aprotinin and the subjects' own blood serum mixed with insulin caused a marked acceleration of the insulin absorption process. Absorption kinetics of two neutral regular insulins (Actrapid and Leo Regular) were virtually identical. Mixing Actrapid with Monotard caused higher serum insulin levels than the mixture of Leo Regular with NPH. A time lag of 5 min between the mixing of Actrapid and Monotard and the injection caused a delayed rise of serum insulin levels; in contrast, this delay could not be observed when Leo Regular and NPH were mixed. Volunteers performed bicycle exercise, applied a hot water bottle to the injection site, or rubbed the injection site 2 1/2 h after injection of long-acting insulin. Accelerated absorption of insulin was only observed after local massage of the injection site of Monotard, Leo NPH, and Mixtard. Local heat had no effect. Exercise caused only an increased absorption of insulin after the Mixtard injection but not after Monotard or NPH injection. These findings have clinical significance and should not be without potential benefit in the attempt to improve metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetic patients.
Inhibitory effect of oral Lactobacillus against oral pathogens (2011)

The results indicated that Lactobacillus may be of benefit as probiotics for the prevention of oral diseases.
Yeast cell wall particles: a promising class of nature-inspired microcarriers for multimodal imaging (2011)

This communication demonstrates that yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs) are a promising class of nature-inspired biocompatible microcarriers for the delivery of amphipathic/lipophilic imaging reporters. When a paramagnetic MRI agent is loaded, the longitudinal relaxivity per particle at 0.5 T is the highest ever reported for Gd-based systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidations in Organic Chemistry (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Patients’ preferences for adjuvant endocrine therapy in early breast cancer: what makes it worthwhile? (2005)

Adjuvant endocrine therapy improves recurrence and survival rates, but has side effects and is inconvenient. The aim of this study was to determine the preferences of premenopausal women who had adjuvant endocrine therapy in a randomised trial. In all, 85 (or eighty-five) women completed semistructured interviews 6-30 months after finishing adjuvant endocrine therapy. Hypothetical scenarios based on known potential survival times (5 or 15 years) and rates (60% or 80% at 5 years) without adjuvant endocrine therapy were used to determine the smallest gains women judged necessary to make their adjuvant endocrine therapy worthwhile. Although a third of the women considered gains of 1% in survival rates or 6 months in survival times sufficient to make their adjuvant endocrine therapy worthwhile, more than half the women required gains of at least 5% in survival rates or 3 years in survival time as necessary to make adjuvant endocrine therapy worthwhile. Larger benefits were required by women who had longer treatment, worse side effects, and by those who were treated with goserelin alone. The route of administration (tablet vs injection) did not affect preferences and some women judged small benefits sufficient to make their adjuvant endocrine therapy worthwhile, but many women required larger benefits than their counterparts in similar studies of preferences for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Particle sampling and measurement (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle sampling and measurementWilliam E. FarthingCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1982, 16, 4, 237A–244APublication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00098a727https://doi.org/10.1021/es00098a727research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1982 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Numerical Study on the In-cylinder Flow and Fuel Distribution with the Change of Intake Valve Lift in a GDI Engine (2013)

While variable valve actuation or variable valve lift (VVL) is used increasingly in spark ignition (SI) engines to improve the volumetric efficiency or to reduce the pumping losses, it is necessary to understand the impact of variable valve lift and timing on the in-cylinder gas motions and mixing processes. In this paper, characteristics of the in-cylinder flow and fuel distribution for various valve lifts (4, 6, 8, 10 mm) were simulated in a GDI engine. It is expected that the investigation will be helpful in understanding and improving GDI combustion when a VVL system is used. The CFD results showed that a increased valve lift could significantly enhance the mixture and in-cylinder tumble motion because of the accelerated air flow. Also, it can be found that the fuel distribution is more affected by earlier injection (during intake process) than that of later injection (end of compression). These may contribute to an improvement in the air-fuel mixing but also to an optimization of intake and exhaust system.
Detection of unknown occult primary tumors using positron emission tomography (1998)

A previously unknown primary tumor was able to be identified with FDG-PET in 7 of 29 patients after an unsuccessful conventional diagnostic workup. However, the clinical relevance of PET information in this setting is limited.
Steroide, XXXVIII. Darstellung von Testosteron‐Analogen mit Heterosubstituenten in 10β‐Stellung (1975)

Abstract Es wird die Darstellung von 10β‐heterosubstituierten Testosteron‐Analogen 6 aus entsprechend substituierten Östran‐3β,5α, 17β‐triolen 1 und 3,3‐Äthylendioxy‐östran‐5α,17β‐diolen 2 beschrieben. Die Überführung der Triole 1 in die Testosteron‐Analogen 6 erfolgt durch selektive Oppenauer‐Oxydation in 3‐Stellung und anschließende Dehydratisierung oder durch Jones‐Oxydation zu den 3,17‐Dionen 3 , anschließende Dehydratisierung und Reduktion der Ketogruppe am C‐17. Ausgehend von den Ketalen 2 werden die Testosteron‐Analogen 6 durch Ketalspaltung und anschließende Dehydratisierung erhalten.
Contrast ratios of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films (1987)

Contrast ratio is an important measure of the performance of an electrooptic display. From measurements of film brightness and transmittance, we determined contrast ratios of thin polymer films containing microdroplets of liquid crystalline material. Contrast ratios based on brightness were typically ~3 for all samples studied, whereas contrast ratios based on transmittance varied from ~20 to 200 depending on the sample. We explain these differences by analyzing the relations between the illumination geometries in the two measurements and the voltage-dependent multiple scattering of light which controls the electrooptic performance of the films. Effects of the spectral content of the light source and the response of the human eye on contrast ratio were also determined. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of standardizing procedures for measuring contrast ratios of these new liquid crystal films.
Reconstruction of magnetic clouds in the solar wind: Orientations and configurations (2002)

We develop a new approach for determining the orientation of the axis ( z ) of finite‐β magnetic flux ropes from single‐spacecraft data. It consists of an optimization procedure based on two‐dimensional magnetohydrostatic theory. From the requirement that the transverse pressure, P t = p + B z 2 /2μ 0 , be a function of the calculated magnetic potential, A , alone, an optimal z axis is found. Benchmark studies using analytical flux rope solutions show the feasibility of this axis‐determination approach. Two magnetic cloud events, on 18 October 1995 and 9 January 1997, observed by the Wind spacecraft at 1 AU, are examined. The time series of plasma and magnetic field data, collected when the magnetic structures move past the spacecraft, are utilized as spatial initial values for numerical integration of the nonlinear, plane Grad‐Shafranov equation. The recovered magnetic cloud structures show helical magnetic field configurations, representative of magnetic flux ropes, with invariance along their axes. Their cross sections consist of nested irregular loops of transverse field lines rather than the concentric circles of an axially symmetric model. In addition to their axis orientations, we obtain other quantitative features of the two magnetic clouds from their recovered cross sections, including their sizes (diameters ∼ 0.2 AU), their impact parameters (| y 0 | ≲ 0.01 AU), their maximum axial field strengths (20 and 14 nT, respectively), and the twist of field lines (∼ 1.30–2.68 turns AU −1 ) around the flux rope's axis. We find that errors in the orientation of the flux rope axis may result in significant variations in the main parameters, i.e., the impact parameter, as well as the size and shape of the cross section.
Innovation with Computational Aerodynamics: The Divergent Trailing-Edge Airfoil (1990)

Introduction T aerodynamic design of airfoil sections continues today as an elegant yet practical engineering design problem. It is elegant in that the solution of any airfoil design problem, however complex, is nothing more than a two-dimensional closed contour. It is practical in that many, if not most, problems in aerodynamics involve the generation of lift, drag, and moment by airfoil sections. The airfoil design problem has received much attention in experimental, theoretical, and computational studies. Numerous volumes and documents have been compiled to summarize such studies. Reference 1 stands as a classic example of such documentation and provides an excellent summary of early airfoil research efforts. Early theoretical studies of airfoil design led to the decomposition of airfoil geometric characteristics into thickness, camber, and angle of attack, as shown in Fig. 1. Much of the early design studies dealt with the proper combination thickness shapes and camber shapes necessary to achieve some aerodynamic design goal. It is interesting to point out that few studies were focused on details associated with the airfoil trailing edge. Trailing-edge effects normally were of concern only when mechanical variations for high-lift systems or control systems were introduced.' Traditionally, airfoil closure has been accomplished by using trailingedge included angles typically in the 5to 15-deg range in conjunction with essentially zero trailing-edge thickness. Early trailing-edge design principles were that the trailing edge must be sharp to avoid drag penalties, and the trailing-edge included angle, as defined by e in Fig. 1, must be positive to allow for practical manufacture. These principles caused most early airfoil trailing-edge geometries to be wedge shaped. More recently, work by Whitcomb and others to develop the supercritical airfoil has shown the possibility of using a thin-trailing-edge geometry
Consumers, fans, and control (2006)

Through legislation and technology the film industry has been seeking to fully control usage of the bits it creates; their model is "restrictive" digital-rights management (DRM) that only allows the user to view the film rather than copy, edit, or create new content. Meanwhile, the experience that the Internet generation has of interacting with, rather than consuming, content, could be the basis for a new business for Hollywood: films that enable users to interact directly by putting themselves (and others) into the movie. In this paper we examine massive multi-player online role-playing games (MMORPGs), in which players exercise design technologies and tools that further their roles and play. MMORPGs are rapidly gaining audience share. We posit that non-restrictive, or exible, digital-rights management is in the movie industry's economic interest.
Wrist:Located Optical Device for Atrial Fibrillation Screening: a Clinical Study on Twenty Patients (2016)

This study aims at evaluating the performances of a wrist-located device to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) based on photoplethysmography (PPG) technology. Twenty patients referred for catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias in whom episodes of sinus rhythm (SR) and AF coexisted were screened. Screening included a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and a PPG device placed at the wrist measuring cardiac pulsatility by means of infrared light. While reference cardiac interbeat (RR) intervals were obtained from the analysis of the ECG signals, RR intervals from the PPG signals were estimated by detecting systolic downstrokes on the optical waveforms. Classification of SR versus AF epochs was obtained via a support vector machine to which features extracted on 10-second windows were provided. Extracted features included mean, standard deviation, minimum, and interquartile range of RR within an epoch. A total number of 2213 epochs (1927 of AF, 286 of SR) were analyzed, providing classification accuracy of 93.85% for the PPG-based classifier and 98.93% for the ECG-based classifier. These preliminary results suggest that a wrist-located PPG-based monitor might be eligible for future screening of AF in large populations.
Structure and Activity of Diphtheria Toxin (1971)

Most preparations of diphtheria toxin that we have examined consist predominantly of mixtures in various proportions of two proteins, each of molecular weight about 63,000. As judged by their electrophoretic behavior on polyacrylamide gels run in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, one of these consists of intact 63,000-dalton polypeptide chains, while the other is composed of two fragments of molecular weight 24,000 and 39,000 (Fragments A and B, respectively) linked by at least one disulfide bridge. Here we report that when these preparations are treated at 25° with low concentrations of trypsin (0.25 to 1.0 µg per ml), a single scission is introduced at a specific site in the former (intact toxin) converting it into a protein apparently identical with the latter (nicked toxin). Thus nicked toxin in the original preparations must be a derivative of intact toxin which arose by attack of proteases from the bacterial culture in which the toxin was produced. Fragment A contains 1 half-cystine residue, and is therefore linked to Fragment B in nicked toxin by one disulfide bridge. Fragment A is stable to heating at 100°, and exposure to pH values from 2 through 12. Fragment B is relatively unstable, and precipitates even at neutral pH. We have shown previously that toxin is almost devoid of enzymic activity unless treated with thiols. The activity is probably entirely due to Fragment A released upon dissociation of nicked toxin in the presence of thiols. When toxin is treated with trypsin the intact chains are converted into a form which can be dissociated by thiols into fragments apparently identical with A and B. Hence the specific activity of the preparation is enhanced by trypsin treatment because of the greater amount of Fragment A released by thiols. The toxicity of toxin is not significantly changed by treatment with trypsin, which indicates that both intact and nicked toxin are toxic. Fragment A alone is not toxic. Linkage to Fragment B is apparently required for toxicity, perhaps to facilitate entry of Fragment A into cells. Treatment of toxin with thiols decreases the toxicity, presumably as a result of dissociation of the nicked fraction into nontoxic Fragments A and B.