gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Growth of Gallium Arsenide on Germanium Substrates (1964)

When depositing gallium arsenide on low index planes of germanium from the vapor phase by halogen transport, stacking faults are readily formed. Films free of these faults were obtained when planes that were at an angle of a few degrees with a {111} face or curved surfaces were used as substrates. It is suggested that fast propagation of steps along the surface caused the formation of new stacking faults parallel to the existing ones, thereby completing loops and preventing the propagation of the faults. The rate of growth was much faster on curved surfaces than over the {111} planes.
Effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on hybridoma growth and metabolism in continuous culture (1987)

Oxygen transport is a major limitation in large-scale mammalian cell culture. The effects of the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO; from 0.1 to 100% saturation with air) on Sp2/0-derived mouse hybridomas were investigated using continuous culture. The steady-state concentration of viable cells increased with decreasing DO until a critical dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.5% of air saturation was reached. The cell concentration declined at lower DO because of incomplete glutamine oxidation, and the specific lactate production from glucose increased to offset the reduced energy production from glutamine. Cell viability increased as the DO was decreased; the viability continued to increase even when the DO was reduced below 0.5%. The specific oxygen uptake rate was essentially constant for DO greater than or equal to 10% of air saturation and then decreased with decreasing DO. The P/O ratio (ATP molecules produced per O atom consumed) appears to change from 2 to 3 between 10 and 0.5% DO. The specific ATP production rate calculated using this assumption decreases only slightly with decreasing DO. The optimum DO of 50% for antibody production is different than the optimum (approximately 0.5% DO) for cell growth.
Functional Domains of the Rsp5 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase (1999)

RSP5, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encodes a hect domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Hect E3 proteins have been proposed to consist of two broad functional domains: a conserved catalytic carboxyl-terminal domain of approximately 350 amino acids (the hect domain) and a large, nonconserved amino-terminal domain containing determinants of substrate specificity. We report here the mapping of the minimal region of Rsp5 necessary for its essential in vivo function, the minimal region necessary to stably interact with a substrate of Rsp5 (Rpb1, the large subunit of RNA polymerase II), and the finding that the hect domain, by itself, is sufficient for formation of the ubiquitin-thioester intermediate. Mutations within the hect domain that affect either the ability to form a ubiquitin-thioester or to catalyze substrate ubiquitination abrogate in vivo function, strongly suggesting that the ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of Rsp5 is intrinsically linked to its essential function. The amino-terminal region of Rsp5 contains three WW domains and a C2 calcium-binding domain. Two of the three WW domains are required for the essential in vivo function, while the C2 domain is not, and requirements for Rpb1 binding and ubiquitination lie within the region required for in vivo function. Together, these results support the two-domain model for hect E3 function and indicate that the WW domains play a role in the recognition of at least some of the substrates of Rsp5, including those related to its essential function. In addition, we show that haploid yeast strains bearing complete disruptions of either of two other hect E3 genes of yeast, designated HUL4 (YJR036C) and HUL5 (YGL141W), are viable.
Novel roles for factor XII-driven plasma contact activation system (2008)

Recent studies improved understanding of the factor XII-driven contact system in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Studies in mouse models revealed that deficiency in contact system proteins protects from arterial thrombus formation, but does not affect hemostasis. Targeting contact system proteins offers new opportunities for safe anticoagulation associated with minimal bleeding risk. Furthermore, targeting factor XII activity provides an opportunity to treat edema formation.
702. The mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphorochloridates and related compounds. Part III. Phosphoramidochloridates (1962)

E. W. Crunden and R. F. Hudson, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 3591 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620003591
Fed batch culture of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: A perspective of computer control to enhance the productivity in baker's yeast cultivation (1976)

Abstract A means to avoid the glucose effect in the production of baker's yeast from glucose and/or molasses in a fed batch culture by controlling the feed rate of fresh medium with an ad hoc measurement of the respiratory quotient, RQ , is presented. The feed rate is changed stepwise here such that the value of RQ ranges from 1.0 to 1.2 throughout the cultivation. Thus far, the specific growth rate based on the total cell mass and the growth yield obtained throughout are 0.24 hr −1 and 0.55 g cell/g glucose. Prior to the experimental run mentioned above, equations to predetermine the feed rate and concentration of glucose in the feed are derived from the mass balance of limiting substrates (glucose). Since values of either RQ or I ( Q x , oxygen consumption rate with respect to the total cell mass in the fermenter) can be measured quite easily and reliably, computer control of the fermentation in light of this information is discussed.
Enabling analysts in managed services for CRM analytics (2009)

Data analytics tools and frameworks abound, yet rapid deployment of analytics solutions that deliver actionable insights from business data remains a challenge. The primary reason is that on-field practitioners are required to be both technically proficient and knowledgeable about the business. The recent abundance of unstructured business data has thrown up new opportunities for analytics, but has also multiplied the deployment challenge, since interpretation of concepts derived from textual sources require a deep understanding of the business. In such a scenario, a managed service for analytics comes up as the best alternative. A managed analytics service is centered around a business analyst who acts as a liaison between the business and the technology. This calls for new tools that assist the analyst to be efficient in the tasks that she needs to execute. Also, the analytics needs to be repeatable, in that the delivered insights should not depend heavily on the expertise of specific analysts. These factors lead us to identify new areas that open up for KDD research in terms of 'time-to-insight' and repeatability for these analysts. We present our analytics framework in the form of a managed service offering for CRM analytics. We describe different analyst-centric tools using a case study from real-life engagements and demonstrate their effectiveness.
Aflibercept exhibits VEGF binding stoichiometry distinct from bevacizumab and does not support formation of immune-like complexes (2016)

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies have improved clinical outcomes for patients with cancers and retinal vascular diseases. Three anti-VEGF agents, pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and aflibercept, are approved for ophthalmic indications, while bevacizumab is approved to treat colorectal, lung, and renal cancers, but is also used off-label to treat ocular vascular diseases. The efficacy of bevacizumab relative to ranibizumab in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration has been assessed in several trials. However, questions persist regarding its safety, as bevacizumab can form large complexes with dimeric VEGF165, resulting in multimerization of the Fc domain and platelet activation. Here, we compare binding stoichiometry, Fcγ receptor affinity, platelet activation, and binding to epithelial and endothelial cells in vitro for bevacizumab and aflibercept, in the absence or presence of VEGF. In contrast to bevacizumab, aflibercept forms a homogenous 1:1 complex with each VEGF dimer. Unlike multimeric bevacizumab:VEGF complexes, the monomeric aflibercept:VEGF complex does not exhibit increased affinity for low-affinity Fcγ receptors, does not activate platelets, nor does it bind to the surface of epithelial or endothelial cells to a greater degree than unbound aflibercept or control Fc. The latter finding reflects the fact that aflibercept binds VEGF in a unique manner, distinct from antibodies not only blocking the amino acids necessary for VEGFR1/R2 binding but also occluding the heparin-binding site on VEGF165.
The College Secretary (1973)

At 22, Linda is the secretary to the principal of a medium-sized college of technology. She has always liked secretarial work, and she enjoyed her job in an estate agent’s office before her family moved to this part of the country.
Alcohol-related harm to others: a survey of physical and sexual assault in New Zealand. (2009)

Alcohol use by someone other than the victim is involved in more than half of reported assaults. Our findings suggest that, in New Zealand, more than 62,000 physical assaults and 10,000 sexual assaults occur every year which involve a perpetrator who has been drinking. Of these, 10,500 incidents require medical attention and 17,000 involve police. This burden can be reduced using population-based strategies of demonstrated effectiveness.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of N‐Aroyl‐N′‐Substituted Thiourea Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biomolecular Imaging with a C<sub>60</sub>-SIMS/MALDI Dual Ion Source Hybrid Mass Spectrometer: Instrumentation, Matrix Enhancement, and Single Cell Analysis (2014)

We describe a hybrid MALDI/C(60)-SIMS Q-TOF mass spectrometer and corresponding sample preparation protocols to image intact biomolecules and their fragments in mammalian spinal cord, individual invertebrate neurons, and cultured neuronal networks. A lateral spatial resolution of 10 μm was demonstrated, with further improvement feasible to 1 μm, sufficient to resolve cell outgrowth and interconnections in neuronal networks. The high mass resolution (>13,000 FWHM) and tandem mass spectrometry capability of this hybrid instrument enabled the confident identification of cellular metabolites. Sublimation of a suitable matrix, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, significantly enhanced the ion signal intensity for intact glycerophospholipid ions from mammalian nervous tissue, facilitating the acquisition of high-quality ion images for low-abundance biomolecules. These results illustrate that the combination of C60-SIMS and MALDI mass spectrometry offers particular benefits for studies that require the imaging of intact biomolecules with high spatial and mass resolution, such as investigations of single cells, subcellular organelles, and communities of cells.
Total ankle arthroplasty. Clinical study of fifty cases. (1982)

A prosthesis for the ankle joint that I designed in 1973 was implanted in fifty patients who otherwise would have required fusion of the ankle to relieve severe pain. The design of the device allows about as much motion as in the normal ankle. During implantation of the prosthesis the dome of the talus is not resected and only one centimeter of the distal end of the tibia is removed. If the prosthetic replacement is unsuccessful, fusion of the ankle can more easily be achieved secondarily if it should become necessary. Review of the cases of these fifty patients showed that the best results were obtained in the patients with degenerative arthritis whose ankles were stable and not unduly deformed. A few patients with rheumatoid arthritis (four of ten) who were not on long-term steroid therapy also did well. Contraindications revealed by my experience include avascular necrosis of the talus, pseudarthrosis at the site of a previously attempted ankle fusion, and conditions causing talar tilt of 20 degrees or more.
Novel interactions between the 5‐HT transporter, 5‐HT<sub>1B</sub> receptors and Rho kinase <i>in vivo</i> and in pulmonary fibroblasts (2008)

SERT over-expression increased ROCK-dependent pulmonary remodelling in normoxia and hypoxia and SERT over-expression was associated with elevated ROCK1/2 levels. ROCK also potentiated 5-HT(1B) receptor-stimulated ERK activation and proliferation in vitro by facilitating MEK-ERK interaction.
Phosphenes Resulting From Stimulation of the Midbrain in Man (1970)

Phosphenes have been produced by direct stimulation of the dorsal mesencephalon in the region of the superior colliculus of an alert man. Electrodes were implanted in the midbrain for the purpose of localizing the ascending sensory pathways in a patient who was suffering from intractable phantom limb pain prior to a stereotactic lesion to relieve the pain. One electrode was situated just beneath the left colliculus. Electrical bipolar stimulation was done over a period of several weeks and resulted in the patient experiencing phosphenes in the contralateral visual fields which were associated with lateral conjugate eye movements toward the side of the visual phenomena. These observations point to the possible role of superior colliculus in the organization of visual phenomena in man.
Macroeconomic policy alternatives in the Dominican Republic : an analytical framework (1984)

Dominican Republic is an open economy with a relatively small domestic market. Towards the end of the 1970s, a number of external shocks in oil prices, terms of trade, and higher interest rates presented major problems. This resulted in a surfacing of weakness in policy making and institutional structure that had not been apparent previously. The debt situation steadily deteriorated as the government borrowed heavily for balance of payments support in 1981 and 1982 leading to the current near crisis situation. The analysis in this paper suggests that under any reasonably likely external scenario Dominican Republic will be unable to achieve an acceptable per capita economic growth without major policy shifts. Policy alternatives include: (i) a move towards a unified exchange rate; (ii) fiscal and institutional changes; and (iii) a major shift in factor pricing together with a rethinking of investment strategy. These policy initiatives should lay the base for a more buoyant and versatile economy over the medium-to-long term. This paper develops an analytical framework to examine these various policy alternatives.
Growth Hormone Attenuates the Acute-Phase Response to Thermal Injury (1997)

Growth hormone attenuated the positive APR, as indicated by a decrease in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein expression and production, and prevented the negative APR, as seen by an absence of a decline of albumin mRNA pool levels and serum concentration. We conclude that the beneficial effects of GH on thermal injury may be due in part to a modification of the APR.
Clock generation and distribution for the third generation Itanium/spl reg/ processor (2004)

The clock generation and distribution system for the third generation Itanium/spl reg/ processor operates at 1.5 GHz with a skew of 24 ps. Clock optimization fuses enable post-silicon speed path balancing for higher performance.
[A new therapeutic approach to salivary calculi: extracorporeal lithotripsy]. (1998)

A common pathology of the salivary gland, salivary lithiases are usually removed by open surgery. Most frequently localized in the sub-mandibular gland, calculi can also occur in the parotid gland. We developed a new procedure to treat salivary lithiasis using extracorporeal electromagnetic shock waves. New material was especially adapted for the salivary gland for lithotripsy without anesthesia. Two-hundred patients were treated; 63% had not lithiasis after treatment and 37% had small residual stones measuring less than 3 mm; 97% of the patients were symptom-free and salivary excretion was improved. We believe that extracorporeal electromagnetic shock waves is a safe noninvasive and well tolerated alternative to open surgery. We use lithotripsy as first line therapy for salivary lithiasis.
The influence of self-concealment level on patients' quality of life and clinical curative effect for curing refractory chronic prostatitis by high-intensity focused ultrasound (2010)

Objective To explore the influence of self-concealment level on patients'quality of life and clinical curative effect for curing refractory chronic prostatitis(RCP)by high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU). Methods Patients of RCP who meet the diagnostic criteria were assessed with the Self-Concealment Scale(SCS), TDL's table of self-assessing quality of life and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI).The patients whose SCS score were above the average score plus a standard deviation were taken as the high SCS group,and whose SCS Score were below the average score minus a standard deviation were taken as the low SCS group.The scores for CPSI and TDLs table of self-assessing quality of life and the clinical curative effect of the two groups were determined before and after the treatment by HIFU, respectively.Results The SCS score(35.75±10.34) of the RCP patients before HIFU treatment was significantly higher than the norm for male college students(29.20±8.73)(t=4.26,P<0.01).Two and six weeks after the HIFU application,the CPSI of both the high and the low SCS group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the CPSI of the low SCS group de-creased more greatly than that of the high SCS group(P<0.01).The scores for TDL Life Quality Scale of low SCS group were significantly higher before and after two and six weeks'HIFU treatment than that of high self-concealment group(P<0.01).The TDL quality of life scale score of thelow SCS group increased respectively after two and six weeks'HIFU treatment (P<0.01),while for the high SCS group,this score increased only after six weeks' HIFU treatment(P<0.05).Six weeks after HIFU treatment,the clinical curative effect for the low SCS group was, observably better than that for high self-concealment(P<0.05).The SCS scores was significantly positive with CPSI scores(P<0.01),and significantly negative with the scores of TDL Life Quality Scale (P<0.01).Conclusion The symptom abatement,quality of life and clinical curative effect the RCP patients with a high self-concealment level were respectively worse after the HIFU treatment than that for whom with a low self-concealment level.

Key words: 
Refractory chronic prostatitis; High-intensity focused ultrasound;  Self-concealment;  Quality of life
Main Chain Conformation and Anomalous Elution Behavior of Cylindrical Brushes As Revealed by GPC/MALLS, Light Scattering, and SFM (1999)

High molar mass polymacromonomers based on methacryloyl end-functionalized oligo methacrylates (Mn = 2410 g/mol) adopt the conformation of wormlike cylindrical brushes. Comparison of the absolute molar mass, Mw, determined by static light scattering and the contour length, Lw, of the molecules measured by SFM in the dry state revealed the length per vinylic main chain monomer of the cylindrical structure to be less than 0.1 nm, thus being much shorter than the maximum value of 0.25 nm. In solution this shrinkage could be quantified to 0.071 nm per monomer by Holtzer analysis of the scattering curves which in addition yielded the Kuhn statistical segment length lk = 120 nm. GPC MALLS investigations of such samples showed an anomalous elution effect: After a regular elution at small elution volumes the molar mass of the eluting molecules increased drastically with increasing elution volume. Fractionation by GPC showed that this effect is caused by a fraction of extremely high molar mass molecules which elute by an unknown mechanism rather than by size exclusion.
Fluctuation Noise in Vacuum Tubes* (1934)

The fluctuation noises originating in vacuum tubes are treated theoretically under the following headings: (1) thermal agitation in the internal plate resistance of the tube, (2) shot effect and flicker effect from space current in the presence of space charge, (3) shot effect from electrons produced by collission ionization and secondary emission, and (4) space charge fluctuations due to positive ions. It is shown that thermal agitation in the plate circuit is the most important factor and should fix the noise level in low noise vacuum tubes; shot noise and flicker noise are very small in tubes where complete temperature saturation is approached; shot noise from secondary electrons is negligible under ordinary conditions; and noise from space charge fluctuation due to positive ions is usually responsible for the difference between thermal noise in the plate circuit and total tube noise. A method is deduced for the accurate rating of the noise level of tubes in terms of the input resistance which produces the equivalent thermal noise. Quantitative noise measurements by this method are reported on four different types of vacuum tubes which are suitable for use in the initial stage of high gain amplifiers. Under proper operating conditions the noise of these tubes approaches that of thermal agitation in their plate circuits at the higher frequencies and is 0.54 to 2.18 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−14</sup> mean square volts per cycle band width in the frequency range from 200 to 15,000 cycles per second. Below 200 cycles per second the noise is somewhat larger. The minimum noise in different types of vacuum tube circuits is discussed. These include input circuits for high gain amplifiers, ionization chamber and linear amplifier for detecting corpuscular or electromagnetic radiation, and photoelectric cell and linear amplifier for measuring light signals. With the aid of these results it is possible to design circuits having the maximum signal-to-noise ratio obtainable with the best vacuum tubes now available.
Improved retroviral vector design results in sustained expression after adult gene therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice (2008)

Stable expression of IDUA in adult MPS I mice can be achieved without immunosuppression by modifying the vector to reduce expression in the spleen. This approach may be effective in patients with MPS I or other lysosomal storage diseases.
Differential production of parasiticein, an elicitor of necrosis and resistance in tobacco, by isolates of <i>Phytophthora parasitica</i> (1992)

Fifteen isolates of Phytophthora parasitica , nine from tobacco (causing black shank disease) and six from other host plants, were compared by root inoculation with regard to their pathogenicity to young tobacco plants. A progressive invasion of the aerial parts over 1 week was observed only with the black shank isolates, while the non‐tobacco isolates induced leaf necrosis within 2 days. Similar necrosis occurred when the roots of tobacco plants were dipped in diluted culture filtrates from non‐tobacco isolates, but not in those from tobacco isolates. The necrosis‐inducing filtrates were shown to contain a c. 10‐kDa protein band which was not present in the other filtrates. This protein (named parasiticein) was purified by ion‐exchange chromatography to homogeneity in SDS‐PAGE and reverse‐phase HPLC. Parasiticein was serologically related to cryptogein, a member of the elicitin family of proteinaceous elicitors previously described from other Phytophthora species. Like the other elicitins, parasiticein induced necrosis in tobacco plants and protected them against black shank. It most closely resembled capsicein in being acidic and in inducing resistance at concentrations (10–100 μg per plant) that caused little leaf necrosis. It is suggested that the absence of parasiticein production by the black shank isolates might be a factor involved in their specific pathogenicity to tobacco.