gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Unlimited WAN Expansion for Networks in Power Distribution Systems (2006)

There has been increasing use of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) with communication capability for modern power distribution system protection, control and monitoring. This increases the need of LANs for IEDs to exchange data for improved and coordinated operations through peer-to-peer networking. Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3), commonly used for power system communications, is lack of effective internetworking LANs and individual IEDs. To improve the internetworking capability, this paper proposes a network address mechanism (NAM) that provides dynamic routing operations and a variable address field. The NAM is designed to provide WAN internetworking capabilities that can be implemented for IEDs with minimal effects on the network specifications, such as continuous use of established network addresses. The NAM is also designed to provide the capability for unlimited WAN expansion regardless of network structures and to enhance the network cyber-security.
Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Combined Injury: Radiation with Burn, Blast, Trauma and/or Sepsis. Report of an NIAID Workshop, March 26–27, 2007 (2008)

Non-clinical human radiation exposure events such as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings or the Chernobyl accident are often coupled with other forms of injury, such as wounds, burns, blunt trauma, and infection. Radiation combined injury would also be expected after a radiological or nuclear attack. Few animal models of radiation combined injury exist, and mechanisms underlying the high mortality associated with complex radiation injuries are poorly understood. Medical countermeasures are currently available for management of the non-radiation components of radiation combined injury, but it is not known whether treatments for other insults will be effective when the injury is combined with radiation exposure. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms behind the synergistic lethality of radiation combined injury and to identify targets for medical countermeasures. To address these issues, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop to make recommendations on the development of animal models of radiation combined injury, possible mechanisms of radiation combined injury, and future directions for countermeasure research, including target identification and end points to evaluate treatment efficacy.
Home telemonitoring of vital signs and cardiorespiratory signals in chronic heart failure patients (2004)

HHH (Home or Hospital in Heart failure) is an ongoing European Community multicountry study aimed at assessing 3 incremental home telemonitoring strategies against usual clinical practice in relation to rehospitalization, quality of life, mortality and cost-utility. Besides monitoring vital signs by means of an automatic interactive voice response system, this study will evaluate in the home setting a new system for long-term noninvasive cardiorespiratory monitoring, suitable to be self-managed by the patient, with transmission of acquired data through standard telephone lines.
Protector Design and Shock Analysis for a Launch-Reconnaissance Robot (2011)

본 논문은 원거리에 떨어진 작전지역으로 정찰로봇을 발사하여 투하하기 위해서 필요한 보호체의 설계개념에 대해서 서술한다. 개발된 보호체는 발사, 비행, 착지과정에서 발생하는 외부의 충격으로부터 내부에 위치한 정찰로봇을 보호하며 목표지점에 도달하게 되면 해제기구에 의해 자동으로 보호체 외피가 분리·개방되어 내부의 정찰로봇이 용이하게 보호체를 이탈하여 정찰임무를 수행하도록 한다. 보호체와 정찰로봇의 유한요소 모델링을 통해서 지면과의 낙하충돌에 의한 충격해석을 수행하였으며 실제 실험결과와도 비교하여 모델링의 유효성을 분석하였다. 낙하테이블을 이용한 충격시험을 통해서 실리콘 재질로 충전된 보호체가 외부의 충격을 효과적으로 완화하여 내부의 정찰로봇을 보호하고 있음을 관찰하였다.
The development of the pathologic changes of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia in patients with Down's syndrome. (1973)

Senile plaques, neurofibrillary change and granulovacuolar degeneration characterize Alzheimer's disease (presenile dementia) and senile dementia and are also seen in the aged human brain. The development of these lesions was studied in 13 patients with Down's syndrome, ages 12 to 65, with the purpose of defining similarities and dissimilarities, if any, between their morphologies in these four conditions. Evaluation by light and, when applied, electron microscopy established apparent identities. The findings suggest that Down's syndrome, with its partially characterized genotypic and phenotypic abnormalities, is an appropriate model for the study of the pathogenesis of these lesions.
A system to restructure hypertext networks into valid user models (1998)

Abstract We have implemented an experimental system that automatically restructures hypertext networks according to their users' browsing behavior. The system applies link weights to the hyperlinks in the networks and updates these link weights according to three learning rules. The learning rules are based on how often a particular hyperlink is being traversed and operate on strictly local information of link traversals. Changes in network structure are fed back to users by dynamic link ordering according to descending link weight. The system has been shown to be able to structure random hypertext networks into valid representations of their users' browsing preferences in two WWW experiments and a simulation using a mathematical model of user navigation.
利用信息技术促进“三表”的原理与策略——CAST通用学习设计指南 (2009)

教育要重视使得新手学习者如何顺利地转换为专家学习者——懂得如何学习，有学习的愿望和为终身学习做好个性化准备的人。基于对大脑科学三种网络——识别网络、策略网络、情感网络和对数字媒体特性的了解，通用学习设计提出了“三表”原理：多元表征理解——聚焦学什么、多种行为表现——关注怎样学和多样表达意愿——探究为什么学。与之相配的有32种教学策略，这是从课程的四个要素出发（目标、教材、方法和评价，目前尤其考虑了教材与方法），旨在改进原有的课程在教学对象失准、教学内容不当和教学方式狭隘等缺陷。
XML: a door to automated Web applications (1997)

In Japanese culture, your meishi conveys your place in the company, even in society, as well as your name, phone number, and e-mail address. That is to say, in Japan, business cards matter. They convey complex metadata about the people who carry them. Like people, Web pages come in an abundance of shapes and sizes (and sounds). What makes them machine interpretable-and therefore a new medium for communicating information globally-is Hypertext Markup Language. HTML allows the structural markup of Web documents, distinguishing the elements of a page with tags and declaring the physical relationships among the various document elements. This organizes the display of information and allows humans to read and use it. To give machines this capability, however, requires semantic markup, identifying what each particular element means on its own (for example, "this is a home street address" or "this is an e-mail address"). Semantic markup would change what is now simply displayed content to machine readable, structured content. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) specification, first released as two working drafts in 1997 by the World Wide Web Consortium, makes it dramatically easier to develop and deploy domain- and mission-specific Web pages. We describe the evolution of the Web's data representation from display formats to structural markup to semantic markup.
Solubility of Aluminosilicates in Kraft Green and White Liquors (2005)

The solubility data were obtained from more than 200 raw green liquor (GL) samples and ∼30 raw white liquor (WL) samples at 95 °C. The effects of time, as well as the concentrations of AlCl3·6H2O, Na2SiO3·9H2O, CaO, TiO2, MgSO4·7H2O, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O, powdered magnesium metal, KCl, K2CO3, and stainless steel coupons on the solubilities of silicon and aluminum in unclarified mill GL were investigated. A series of runs was performed to compare silicon and aluminum solubilities in GL with those in WL. The addition of magnesium sulfate to GL solutions expedited the formation of Al−Si precipitates. Pitzer's theory was applied to these solubility data, and equilibrium constants were determined for possible aluminosilicate precipitates, ranging from log K = 34.2 for the formation of hydroxyl sodalite (which has the formula (NaAlSiO4)·2(NaOH)·2H2O) to log K = 39.0 for the formation of natrodavyne (which has the formula (NaAlSiO4)·(K2SO4)·3H2O).
DNA ploidy analysis and cytologic examination of sorted cell populations from human breast tumors. (1983)

Two different flow cytometric procedures were applied on cell samples from human breast tumors. One procedure involved DNA ploidy analysis on suspensions of isolated nuclei. The mean ploidy ratios of 27 benign breast lesions to chicken erythrocytes and rainbow trout erythrocytes were found to be 2.66 +/- 0.03 and 1.25 +/- 0.02, respectively. From the 45 stemlines found in a series of 43 carcinomas, 12 were diploid, 13 hyperdiploid and 20 near-tetraploid. No association was found between the lymph node status and the DNA ploidy level. The second procedure involved sorting fixed cells from DNA "windows" for the preparation of permanent cytologic specimens. The sorted cells appeared to be shrunken, but the morphologic quality was similar to that of imprint specimens from the same tumors, permitting discrimination between various types of normal cells and tumor cells. The combined use of both flow cytometric procedures may lead to greater insight into the relationship between the cytologic and cytogenetic heterogeneity of breast carcinomas.
A semantic model for graphical user interfaces (2011)

We give a denotational model for graphical user interface (GUI) programming using the Cartesian closed category of ultrametric spaces. The ultrametric structure enforces causality restrictions on reactive systems and allows well-founded recursive definitions by a generalization of guardedness. We capture the arbitrariness of user input (e.g., a user gets to decide the stream of clicks she sends to a program) by making use of the fact that the closed subsets of an ultrametric space themselves form an ultrametric space, allowing us to interpret nondeterminism with a "powerspace" monad. Algebras for the powerspace monad yield a model of intuitionistic linear logic, which we exploit in the definition of a mixed linear/non-linear domain-specific language for writing GUI programs. The non-linear part of the language is used for writing reactive stream-processing functions whilst the linear sublanguage naturally captures the generativity and usage constraints on the various linear objects in GUIs, such as the elements of a DOM or scene graph. We have implemented this DSL as an extension to OCaml, and give examples demonstrating that programs in this style can be short and readable.
Über Pyridinium‐N‐phenolat‐betaine und ihre Verwendung zur Charakterisierung der Polarität von Lösungsmitteln, VIII. Der Substituenteneinfluß auf das Elektronenanregungsspektrum der Pyridinium‐N‐phenolat‐betaine (1976)

Abstract Durch Kondensation substituierter 2,4,6‐Triphenylpyryliumsalze 2 mit 4‐Amino‐2,6‐diphenylphenol werden Pyridinium‐N‐phenolat‐betaine 4a‐4s dargestellt, die im 4‐Phenylring m‐ oder p‐substituiert sind. Der Substituenteneinfluß auf die längstwellige, solvatochrome Absorptionsbande dieser Betainfarbstoffe in sechs Lösungsmitteln (Tabelle I) kann durch eine Hammett‐Korrelation quantitativ beschrieben werden (Abbildung 1 und Tabelle 2), Abweichungen werden diskutiert. Die längstwelligen Absorptionsmaxima des Betains 4a in neun Alkoholen R‐OH (Tabelle 3) lassen sich mit den polaren Taft‐Substituentenkonstanten σ* der Alkylgruppen R korrelieren (Abbildung 3). Diese Korrelation erlaubt die Berechnung neuer σ*‐ und ET‐Werte.
Using Speech Act Theory to Model Conversations for Automated Classification and Retrieval (2004)

Instant messaging, chat rooms and other forms of synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) are increasing in use in the business, military, and consumer world. The language action perspective provides methods for analyzing and modelling repeated business conversations including synchronous CMC. This paper describes a method for creating a profiles for large amounts of synchronous CMC conversation after it has occurred. Called a speech act profile, it is based on speech act theory. The profiles can be used either as patterns for classifying conversations or for creating visual maps of the conversations themselves. Application of the profiles in information retrieval and deception detection are discussed.
Comment on “Cutting Edge: Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Injection Results in the Functional Inactivation, Not Depletion, of CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells” (2006)

T he recent paper by Jang et al. (1), highlighted in In This Issue (2), is part of a recent rediscovery of the myeloid compartment of the intestinal lamina propria, which is probably the largest macrophage population in the body. The authors refer to these cells as dendritic cells, based on their expression of surface markers such as CD11c, but a dendritic cell was originally defined as a cell that can present Ag to naive T cells. The large majority of the stellate (or dendritic) cells of the intestinal lamina propria expresses the macrophage-specific F4/80 Ag, which is lost from mature Ag-representing cells, and also expresses the CSF-1 receptor and a CSF-1R-EGFP reporter gene (3) (see images of F4/80 and CSF-1R online www. macrophages.com). The majority of the so-called dendritic cells of the lamina propria is clearly phagocytic (1). Some 15 years ago, the myeloid cells of mouse lamina propria were isolated, and the cells that could actually stimulate naive T cells in a MLR were selectively enriched in the nonphagocytic population (4). By contrast, the F4/80-positive phagocytes, which were also strongly class II-MHC-positive, caused indomethacinsensitive repression of T cell activation. It is inescapable that the large majority of the cells studied by Jang et al. ( They are the lamina propria macrophages. They might acquire Ag-presenting activity. On the other hand, they might actually be more important to the maintenance of tolerance.
Entrapment of porous and stable concanavalin A–peroxidase complex into hybrid calcium alginate–pectin gel (2006)

Abstract Ammonium sulfate‐fractionated proteins of turnip ( Brassica rapa ) were used for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of peroxidase by using crude jack bean extract. The concanavalin A–turnip peroxidase complex retained nearly 70% of the original activity. Calcium alginate–pectin‐entrapped soluble turnip peroxidase and the concanavalin A complex of peroxidase retained 63% and 52% of the original activity, respectively. The concanavalin A–peroxidase complex, the alginate–pectin‐entrapped soluble peroxidase and the alginate–pectin‐entrapped concanavalin A–peroxidase complex showed very high stability against denaturation mediated by heat, pH, urea, organic solvents and detergents. The exposure of soluble and immobilized turnip peroxidase to trypsin resulted in an enhancement of the peroxidase activity. The concanavalin A–peroxidase complex entrapped preparation was markedly more stable as compared with the directly entrapped soluble enzyme preparation. The results suggested that such preparations have great potential in the construction of bioreactors to be used for the remediation of aromatic compounds present in polluted wastewater/industrial effluents. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation in Chronic Stroke Subjects (2005)

FNS-IM can have a significant advantage versus No-FNS in improving gait components and knee flexion coordination after stroke.
Cyclosporin neurotoxicity in cardiac transplant recipients. (1988)

Cyclosporin toxicity may produce a wide range of neurological disorders. We report three patients whose neurological problems developed while taking cyclosporin following cardiac transplantation, but resolved rapidly when the drug was discontinued. In two cases, MRI revealed abnormalities which disappeared with clinical recovery. Blood cyclosporin concentrations were not markedly increased, and it is possible that the neurotoxic effects of cyclosporin are mediated by metabolites, through an effect on the blood-brain barrier.
An alternative model for the transmembrane segments of the yeast H+-ATPase (1999)

An alternative topological model for the yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase from K. lactis was deduced by joint prediction, using 11 algorithms for the prediction of transmembrane segments complemented with hydrophobic moment analysis. Similarly to the model currently used in the literature, this alternative model contains 10 transmembrane segments, four in the N-half and six in the C-half of the protein. However, the distribution of the membrane-associated segments on the C-half of the enzyme differs in both models. Nine of the 10 transmembrane segments are highly hydrophobic with low hydrophobic moments, and are probably involved in structural roles. The fifth transmembrane segment is, on the other hand, less hydrophobic, with the highest hydrophobic moment, suggesting that this segment might have a dynamic role in the coupling of the hydrolysis of ATP with the translocation of protons across the membrane. The alignment of the Ca(2+)-ATPase, the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the H(+)-ATPase sequences showed that these proteins have the same topology in the N-half, but important differences were found at the C-half of the enzymes. In contrast with the mammalian ATPases, the fifth transmembrane segment in the H(+)-ATPase appears early in the sequence, giving rise to a shorter cytoplasmic central loop. This alternative model will be useful in the designing of site-directed mutagenesis experiments and contains information for the fitting of the amino acid sequence into the transmembrane region of the three-dimensional model of the ATPase.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 and potential regulators of hemangioma growth and involution identified by large-scale expression analysis (2002)

Hemangiomas are benign tumors of the vascular endothelium and are the most common tumors of infancy. These tumors are characterized by an initial phase of rapid proliferation, which is followed, in most cases, by spontaneous involution. Although most lesions resolve without complication, there are some cases in which hemangiomas can be life threatening when occurring near a vital structure. Treatment for these aggressive tumors represents an unmet clinical need. In addition, this characteristic progression of hemangiomas through distinct phases provides a unique opportunity for studying endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis. Using DNA microarrays representing approximately 10,000 human genes, we identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) as a potentially important regulator of hemangioma growth. IGF-2 was highly expressed during the proliferative phase and substantially decreased during involution. This finding was confirmed at the message level by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. IGF-2 protein was localized primarily to tumor vessels or vascular channels. Using a human hemangioma explant model, we show that IGF-2 promotes sprouting from intact hemangioma tissue. In addition, several angiogenesis-related factors, including integrins alpha(v)beta3 and alpha5beta1, are present in proliferating hemangiomas. During the involuting phase, an increase in several IFN-induced genes was observed. These studies identify potential regulators of hemangioma growth and involution and provide a foundation on which to build further mechanistic investigations into angiogenesis, using hemangiomas as a model.
Primary Malignant and Benign Tumors of the Duodenum (1970)

Eighteen patients with primary tumors of the duodenum were seen at Lenox Hill Hospital from 1950 to 1968. Five tumors were benign and 13 were malignant. In our group of benign tumors, bleeding was common. Obstruction of the upper-intestinal tract also occurred but was less common. A palpable abdominal mass was rarely found. Other symptoms were usually secondary to associated diseases. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, almost invariably produced prominent findings. These included obstruction of the intestinal tract; persistent abdominal pain; bleeding; constitutional symptoms and signs of malignancy per se; a palpable abdominal mass; and, on occasion, jaundice. Properly executed roentgenographic study and techniques such as hypotonic duodenography and selected abdominal arteriography proved useful in diagnosis.
Parallel Decodable Multi-Level Unequal Burst Error Correcting Codes for Memories of Approximate Systems (2016)

Processing at the nanometric scales presents unique challenges that may require new computational paradigms such as approximate computing. In this paper a novel approach to memory protection using an unequal protection code (UEP) is proposed; this approach is in synergy with approximate (or inexact) computing. Multi-level burst error correcting UEP codes are analyzed. These codes improve over previously presented two-level burst error correcting UEP codes, because they utilize different conditions and criteria in the code partitions and decoder construction. An analysis by which multiple partitions can be selected to reduce the expected error magnitude, is provided. The area and power consumption of the parallel decoders closely depend on the desired code function. Simulation shows that the area and power consumption of the parallel error pattern generator are proportional to the partition length; the gate depth however is not strongly related to the partition length. The results of this manuscript confirm that the proposed multi-level burst error correcting UEP codes reduce the hardware overhead with no significant degradation in storage protection as potential storage application for approximate computing systems.
Translucent Colony Form of the Gram-Negative, Levan-Producing Bacterium, <i>Aerobacter levanicum</i> (1973)

A spontaneously occurring variation of Aerobacter levanicum, affecting the appearance of colonies on sucrose agar (opaque to translucent colony form), has been observed and studied. This appears to be a mutation that is accompanied by a significant increase in levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10) activity, in levan production, and by a change in some of the properties of levansucrase.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA that encodes a putative mitochondrion-localizing isoform of cysteine synthase (O-acetylserine(thiol)-lyase) from Spinacia oleracea. (1994)

The cDNA clones that encode a putative mitochondrion-localizing isoform of cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine(thiol)-lyase, O-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide), EC 4.2.99.8), which is denoted as cysteine synthase C, were isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 368 amino acids containing a putative transit peptide of 30-40 amino acids at the N terminus. This leader peptide sequence exhibited several structural features common to other mitochondrion-targeting transit peptides. Homology was also detected between the putative transit peptide sequence of cysteine synthase C and other mitochondrion-targeting leader sequences. A deduced amino acid sequence of cysteine synthase C exhibited a homology of 61% with cytoplasmic isoform A and 63% with chloroplastic isoform B. A bacterial expression vector of the cDNA clone could genetically complement an Escherichia coli auxotroph lacking cysteine synthase loci and could produce the functionally active and immunoreactive cysteine synthase in E. coli. DNA blot hybridization analysis showed the presence of one or two copies of cysC gene in the genome of spinach. RNA blot hybridization analysis indicated that the expression level of cysC gene was lower than those of cysA and cysB and that the mode of cysC expression was constitutive in green and etiolated seedlings of spinach. The molecular evolutionary study of cysteine synthase proteins from plants and bacteria suggested that a common ancestor cysteine synthase gene has evolved into five cysteine synthase gene families, plant isoform A family, plant isoform B family, plant isoform C family, bacterial cysK family, and bacterial cysM family.