gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of tubewell electrification and water management practices on Boro rice cultivation (2003)

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of electrification of irrigation tubewells on farmers economy of boro rice production during 2002-2003 in Jamalpur district. Thirty electrified tubewells (20 shallow tubewells and 10 deep tubewells) and ten non-electrified shallow tubewells were randomly selected in the study area for evaluation purpose. It was evident that the owners of electrified tubewells were highly benefited from water selling to the farmers who were also more benefited than the farmers under non-electrified tubewells from their boro production. To see the water management effect, a field experiment was also carried out considering four irrigation treatments with three replication following the Randomized Block Design (RBD) in the same study area. In the experimental plots seedlings of BRRI Dhan 28 (Boro) were transplanted on 31 January 2003 on silty loam soil and they were harvested on 9 May 2003. The results showed that the yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice were significantly influenced by different irrigation treatments. The highest grain yield of 6.35 t/ha was obtained in treatment T1 (Farmers' practice) using 1334 mm irrigation water. Alternatively the treatments T4 (alternate wetting and drying), T3 (irrigation at saturation) and T2 (2-5 cm standing water) saved about 30, 20 and 8 percent of valuable water by sacrificing only 11, 6 and 1 percent of yield, respectively than that of treatment Tl. Thus, from the experimental findings, it revealed that T4 was the best among all treatments for saving the costly irrigation input as well as for getting reasonably higher yield.
Low power direct digital frequency synthesizers in 0.18 μm CMOS (2004)

Two low-power sine-output direct digital frequency synthesizers have been fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, tested and characterized. The first IC has a 16-bit phase accumulator and it generates a single phase sinusoidal digital sequence with 60 dBc of spurious free dynamic range. Core power consumption is as low as 15 /spl mu/W/MHz. The second IC has a 32-bit phase accumulator and it generates quadrature sinusoidal digital sequences with 84 dBc of spurious free dynamic range. Its core consumes as little as 220 /spl mu/W/MHz. Both ICs employ an efficient linear interpolation scheme for sinusoidal functions, developed by the authors.
Assembly of GABAA receptor subunits: role of the delta subunit (1994)

GABAA receptor channels (GABARs) composed of different combinations of rat alpha 1, beta 1, gamma 2L, and delta subunits were expressed transiently in mouse fibroblast cells (L929 cells). Whole-cell recordings were obtained from transfected cells to determine which combinations of GABAR subunits formed functional receptor channels, and to compare the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of GABAR channels expressed in the presence and absence of the delta subunit. Only alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L, alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L delta, and alpha 1 beta 1 delta subunit combinations assembled to form functional GABAR channels and the presence of the delta-subunit slowed the rate of acute desensitization of GABA-evoked current during GABA application and the rate of recovery of GABA-evoked current following GABA application. These three different GABAR channel isoforms also showed distinct pharmacological profiles with differential sensitivity to block by zinc. Zinc was a potent blocker of alpha 1 beta 1 delta GABAR channels, a moderate-strength blocker of alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L delta GABAR channels, and did not block the alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L GABAR channels. These findings suggest that GABAR isoforms containing the delta subunit constitute a novel GABAR channel with distinct electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics.
Modelling of the effect of electrode geometries on the corona discharge current-voltage characteristic for wire-plate electrostatic precipitators (2002)

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) operates on the principle of electrostatic separation of dust particles after charging, hence high ion density and electric fields are required. Therefore, the corona discharge current-voltage characteristic is very important and depends on several factors: discharge electrode shape, dimensions and surface condition, gas flow properties, dust particle loading and space charge, polarity of applied voltage, etc. We present a model for the prediction of the current-voltage characteristic and experimentally validate it for round, threaded, rectangular and rigid discharge electrodes in combination with plate type collecting electrodes. The experimental validation shows good agreement for the case of the round discharge electrode. The model predicts the effect of wire diameter, plate length and gas flow temperature. For the rigid discharge electrode, of the same electrode thickness as the diameter of the round electrode, much lower corona onset voltage was observed.
DNA repair deficient photodermatoses. (1990)

Photosensitive genodermatoses associated with established defects of DNA repair currently include the autosomal recessive diseases xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne's syndrome (CS), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), and Bloom's syndrome (BS). XP is a heterogeneous disorder associated with defective excision repair or daughter strand repair of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. It is characterized by cutaneous and ocular abnormalities predominantly on sun-exposed sites and in some cases, neurological features resulting from progressive neuronal loss. Skin involvement includes easy sunburning, pigmentary abnormalities, telangiectasia, dryness, scarring, and susceptibility to multiple benign and malignant neoplasms. In CS, defective repair of actively transcribing DNA is clinically associated with acute photosensitivity, growth retardation, demyelinating neurological abnormalities, and pigmentary retinal degeneration, but without increased cancer susceptibility. TTD is characterized by sulphur-deficient brittle hair, variable growth delay, mental retardation, ichthyosis, and in some cases photosensitivity. Although in some patients there is a deficiency of DNA excision repair identical to that in certain xeroderma pigmentosum patients, no increased cancer risk is present in trichothiodystrophy. In BS, deficient cellular DNA ligase is associated with congenital telangiectasia, photosensitivity, growth retardation, immune deficiency, increased susceptibility to infection, and predominantly internal rather than cutaneous malignancy. Immunological factors may at least determine the varying susceptibility to malignancy of these conditions.
Selective extraction of neutral nitrogen compounds found in diesel feed by 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (2008)

To produce ultra low-sulfur gasoline and meet the new regulations, the improvement of the HDS reaction by the removal of inhibitors, like nitrogen-containing compounds (N-compounds) commonly found in middle distillates used for diesel feed, could be worth considering. Liquid–liquid extraction using 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIm+Cl−) was found to be a very promising approach for the removal of neutral N-compounds with high selectivity towards sulfur. BMIm+Cl− was first evaluated using synthetic solution with dibenzothiophene and carbazole as model compounds, and a high selectivity for N-compounds was found. In order to explain the observed selectivity, the extraction of heterocyclic aromatic compounds from a hydrocarbon mixture by BMIm+Cl− was studied as the function of the toluene/n-dodecane ratio. The extraction of sulfur-containing compounds and basic N-compounds decreased when the mass fraction of toluene increased, whereas the extraction of proton donor N-compounds was found to be almost independent of the mass fraction of toluene. We thus assumed that the selective extraction of indole and carbazole by BMIm+Cl− could be explained both by electron pair acceptor properties of the imidazolium ring and by the binding of the hydrogen-donor group with chloride anion of the RTIL. BMIm+Cl− was then evaluated using straight-run diesel feed, containing 13400 ppm S and 105 ppm N. An extraction of up to 50% of the N-compounds was obtained in one step, whereas the sulfur concentration reduction was only 5%. The selectivity of the extraction process towards heterocyclic aromatic compounds and polyaromatic compounds using BMIm+Cl− was further emphasized by two-dimensional GC-MS analysis of the extracted compounds.
Learning of Multimodal Representations With Random Walks on the Click Graph (2015)

In multimedia information retrieval, most classic approaches tend to represent different modalities of media in the same feature space. With the click data collected from the users' searching behavior, existing approaches take either one-to-one paired data (text-image pairs) or ranking examples (text-query-image and/or image-query-text ranking lists) as training examples, which do not make full use of the click data, particularly the implicit connections among the data objects. In this paper, we treat the click data as a large click graph, in which vertices are images/text queries and edges indicate the clicks between an image and a query. We consider learning a multimodal representation from the perspective of encoding the explicit/implicit relevance relationship between the vertices in the click graph. By minimizing both the truncated random walk loss as well as the distance between the learned representation of vertices and their corresponding deep neural network output, the proposed model which is named multimodal random walk neural network (MRW-NN) can be applied to not only learn robust representation of the existing multimodal data in the click graph, but also deal with the unseen queries and images to support cross-modal retrieval. We evaluate the latent representation learned by MRW-NN on a public large-scale click log data set Clickture and further show that MRW-NN achieves much better cross-modal retrieval performance on the unseen queries/images than the other state-of-the-art methods.
Acoustic and optical sensors incorporating carbon nanotubes for detection of organic solvents (2006)

We investigate the sensing properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) films used as nanostructured materials for chemical sensors onto three types of transducers using different principles of operation. These are surface acoustic waves (SAWs), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and standard silica optical fiber (SOF) for detection of organic solvents, at room temperature. The sensing probes have been configured as a 315- and 433-MHz SAW two-port resonator based oscillator, 10 MHz QCM resonator, and SOF light-reflectometry based system at a wavelength of 1310 nm. A nanocomposite film of SWCNTs embedded in a cadmium arachidate (CdA) matrix was deposited by an LB technique onto SAW sensors. An LB multilayer of SWCNTs-onto-CdA buffer material was also deposited onto QCM and SOF sensors. Our experiments demonstrate that carbon nanotube acoustic and optical sensors are highly sensitive to a wide range of polar and non-polar organic solvents up to a sub-ppm detection limit.
First-principles simulations of<i>a</i>-Si and<i>a</i>-Si:H surfaces (1993)

We use ab initio local-density-approximation methods to develop an ab initio model of an a-Si and an a-Si:H surface. Starting with a supercell of bulk a-Si, we remove periodic boundary conditions in one direction and relax the sample using ab initio methods. H is added to remove bulk defects. The surface structure and coordination of atoms is discussed, and defect states are characterized. H is added to dangling bonds on the a-Si:H surface, creating a hydrogen-terminated a-Si:H surface. We explore the relationship between electronic and geometric surface defects.
Composite right/left-handed λ-resonator ring antenna for dual-frequency operation (2005)

A novel ring structure operating as a dual-frequency resonating antenna is presented. The ring analysis and design is based on the concept of the composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL), with the particularity that the ends of the line are connected together so as to form a closed loop. As in the case of conventional ring resonators, multiples of full wavelength (n/spl lambda/) field distributions are supported. The key feature of the proposed resonator is that an identical field distribution along the ring is achieved at two different operating frequencies. This phenomenon is due to the dual nature of the CRLH dispersion characteristic. The lower operating frequency corresponds to the /spl lambda/ mode in the left-handed (LH, backward wave, /spl beta/<0) range, while the higher resonance frequency corresponds to the /spl lambda/ mode in the right-handed (RH, forward wave, /spl beta/>0) range. The main benefit of having the same field distribution is that identical performances (radiation, polarization and matching) are achieved at each of the two frequencies. The proposed antenna structure has been simulated with commercial MoM/FEM tools and validated with measurements on fabricated prototypes.
From rule to model-based design: A need for DfP criteria? (2007)

Traditional design rules to ensure device functionality and yield are defined by multiple criteria. However, in a complex and mature design and manufacturing environment and a quickly changing marketplace, one should consider a more comprehensive and efficient way to gradually replace the rigid design rules with yield and product models based on the extracted layout features, process capabilities, and market conditions. This methodology may be of particular attractiveness for custom products such as Systems-on-Chip where the complexity of customized design rules can be a detriment for product optimization. In addition, the key criterion for product development: profitability in the marketplace, or Design-for-Profit (DfP), has usually not been taken into account in the verification of design kits. In this paper, we would discuss how yield models can help re-derive the existing design rule and "recommended rule" methodology and take it to the next level of a comprehensive product development using model based design.
Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Antagonism Improves Glucagon Counterregulation in Biobreeding Diabetic Rats (2013)

Impaired counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is partly attributable to inadequate glucagon secretion. Intra-islet somatostatin (SST) suppression of hypoglycemia-stimulated α-cell glucagon release plays an important role. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia can be prevented in autoimmune T1D by SST receptor type 2 (SSTR2) antagonism of α-cells, which relieve SSTR2 inhibition, thereby increasing glucagon secretion. Diabetic biobreeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rats mimic insulin-dependent human autoimmune T1D, whereas nondiabetic BBDP rats mimic prediabetes. Diabetic and nondiabetic rats underwent a 3-h infusion of vehicle compared with SSTR2 antagonist (SSTR2a) during insulin-induced hypoglycemia clamped at 3 ± 0.5 mmol/L. Diabetic rats treated with SSTR2a needed little or no glucose infusion compared with untreated rats. We attribute this effect to SSTR2a restoration of the attenuated glucagon response. Direct effects of SSTR2a on α-cells was assessed by resecting the pancreas, which was cut into fine slices and subjected to perifusion to monitor glucagon release. SSTR2a treatment enhanced low-glucose-stimulated glucagon and corticosterone secretion to normal levels in diabetic rats. SSTR2a had similar effects in vivo in nondiabetic rats and promoted glucagon secretion from nondiabetic rat and human pancreas slices. We conclude that SST contributes to impaired glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycemia in autoimmune T1D. SSTR2a treatment can fully restore hypoglycemia-stimulated glucagon release sufficient to attain normoglycemia in both diabetic and prediabetic stages.
Magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with a dual-chamber pacemaker. (1998)

The presence of an implanted cardiac pacemaker has been considered an absolute contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging due to the interactions between the pulse generators and the magnetic and radiofrequency fields generated by the magnetic resonance unit. We describe the case of a patient with a dual-chamber pacemaker who underwent two magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the head without any sequelae. Both procedures were performed with a 1 Tesla unit, with the pacemaker programmed to the AOO mode. The only interference observed was activation of the reed switch -probably due to the static magnetic field- resulting in asynchronous atrial pacing at the magnet rate. Although the general policy of never exposing a patient with a pacemaker to magnetic resonance imaging should not be revised, we think that if the testing is considered essential, it could be safely used in certain carefully selected patients.
Birefringent Branching Filters for Wideband Optical FDM Communications (1973)

Optical branching filters consisting of birefringent filters for combining and splitting eight optical channels are studied in detail both theoretically and experimentally. Multisegment structures were used in the channel-splitting filter to suppress the crosstalk from other channels. The crosstalk of -15.5 dB was realized for a signal bandwidth B(in) equal to 67.5% of the channel separation. Discussions on the pulse response of the filter system, effects of nonzero extinction ratio, and influences of the filter frequency detuning are included.
Inverted Strip Dielectric Waveguide for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits (1976)

A new type of dielectric waveguide, which has a number of advantages over other previously available waveguide structures for millimeter-wave integrated circuits, is described. Dispersion characteristics and the field distributions in the waveguide are calculated using the concept of effective dielectric constant. Field distributions have been measured in the 80-GHz range in order to check the accuracy of the analytical results. This measurement has been done using a novel experimental technique, which should also be applicable to many other millimeter-wave waveguides and components.
The Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment of Migraine and Severe Headaches in the <scp>U</scp> nited <scp>S</scp> tates: A Review of Statistics From National Surveillance Studies (2013)

This report provides the most current available estimates of the prevalence, impact, and treatment patterns of migraine or severe headache in the United States. Migraine and other severe headaches are a common and major public health problem, particularly among reproductive-aged women. Data about prevalence and disability from the major government-funded surveillance studies are generally consistent with results of studies such as the American Migraine Studies 1 and 2, and the AMPP study.
MAP detection for impairment compensation in coherent WDM systems (2009)

We propose a novel recursive-algorithm based maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector in spectrally-efficient coherent wavelength division multiplexing (CoWDM) systems, and investigate its performance in a 1-bit/s/Hz on-off keyed (OOK) system limited by optical-signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed method decodes each sub-channel using the signal levels not only of the particular sub-channel but also of its adjacent sub-channels, and therefore can effectively compensate deterministic inter-sub-channel crosstalk as well as inter-symbol interference arising from narrow-band filtering and chromatic dispersion (CD). Numerical simulation of a five-channel OOK-based CoWDM system with 10Gbit/s per channel using either direct or coherent detection shows that the MAP decoder can eliminate the need for phase control of each optical carrier (which is necessarily required in a conventional CoWDM system), and greatly relaxes the spectral design of the demultiplexing filter at the receiver. It also significantly improves back-to-back sensitivity and CD tolerance of the system.
Cement application techniques in luting implant-supported crowns: a quantitative and qualitative survey. (2014)

The diversity of the cement loading patterns disclosed in this study indicates that there is a lack of uniformity and precision in methods and a lack of consensus in the dental community regarding the appropriate quantity of cement and placement method for a cement-retained implant crown.
The effect of female age on the likelihood of a live birth from one in‐vitro fertilisation treatment (2003)

As fertility with IVF falls from the age of 34 years, and the age of peak IVF utilisation is 39 years, many Australian women are seeking IVF at an age when the likelihood of a live birth is reduced.
A Comparison of the Marketing of Independent Schools in South Africa and the United Kingdom (2014)

The demand for quality education in schools is growing, as parents recognise the importance of education for their children to be successful in their future careers in an increasingly competitive environment. As the cost of education is often used as an indicator of the quality, the demand for private school education is growing in South Africa, which now has approximately 490 independent schools. By comparison, the United Kingdom has approximately 2 600 independent schools, with a longer history dating back to AD 627, and as a result, greater experience in the marketing of these schools. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to compare the marketing strategies of independent schools in South Africa (SA) and the United Kingdom (UK), and to make recommendations to improve the marketing of SA independent schools. For this exploratory study, qualitative data was collected using a convenience sample, via in-depth interviews, with 24 independent schools, 12 each in SA and the UK, with the person responsible for the marketing of the school. The data was content analysed to identify themes to test the propositions. The study identified the following marketing activities used by schools: the reputation (product) of a school; the price; the location (place) of a school; promotional activities, including open days, press advertising, word-of-mouth referrals, and a school’s alumni; and the school’s facilities (physical evidence). Service quality was also found as a factor that affects a school’s marketing activity. The findings revealed that the key marketing differences between SA and UK independent schools were:  SA schools had typically ex-teachers heading marketing departments, whereas UK schools had professional marketers as heads of PR or communications.  the admissions process in SA is simply an administrative procedure, whereas in the UK it is a sales process  pricing for SA schools is a strong marketing tool, but not considered part of the UK marketing strategy
Vacuum arc anode plasma. I. Spectroscopic investigation (1975)

A spectroscopic investigation was made of the anode plasma of a pulsed vacuum arc with an aluminum anode and a molybdenum cathode. The arc was triggered by a third trigger electrode and was driven by a 150-A 10-μs current pulse. The average current density at the anode was sufficiently high that anode spots were formed; these spots are believed to be the source of the aluminum in the plasma investigated in this experiment. By simultaneously measuring spectral emission lines of Al I, Al II, and Al III, the plasma electron temperature was shown to decrease sequentially through the norm temperatures of Al III, Al II, and Al I as the arc was extinguished. The Boltzmann distribution temperature TD of four Al III excited levels was shown to be kTD/e=2.0±0.5 V, and the peak Al III 4D excited state density was shown to be about 5×1017 m−3. These data suggest a non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (non-LTE) model of the anode plasma when compared with the Al3+ production in the plasma. The plasma was theoretically shown to be optically thin to the observed Al III spectral lines.