gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol–Gel Derived Nanoporous Compositions for Entrapping Small Molecules and Their Outlook toward Aptamer Screening (2012)

This paper reports for the first time the application of sol-gel microarrays for immobilizing nonsoluble small chemicals (Bisphenol-A; BPA). Also, known problems of sol-gel adhesion to conventional microtiter well plate substrates are circumvented by anchoring the sol-gel microspots to a porous silion surface so-called, PS-SG chips. We confirmed low molecular weight chemical immobilization inside a sol-gel network using fluorescein. BPA and the BPA specific aptamer were utilized as a model pair to verify the affinity specific interaction in the PS-SG selection system. The aptamer interacted specifically with BPA in the sol-gel spots, as shown in microarrays forming the letters "L", "U", "N", and "D". Moreover, the bound aptamer was released by heat, recovered, and verified by gel electrophoresis. The developed PS-SG chip platform will be used for screening aptamers against numerous small molecules such as toxins, metabolites, or pesticide residues.
Polypyrrole as an electrode material for secondary lithium cells (1987)

Abstract Polypyrrole is a promising positive electrode material for the application in secondary lithium cells. The elemental analysis performed on electrochemically prepared polypyrrole films indicates a specific capacity of 82 Ah/kg. This specific capacity can be cycled in half cell experiments for many hundred times. The rate of self discharge of such an electrode is about 1%/day. On the basis of these results it will be shown that a lithium polypyrrole cell of optimal design may arrive at an energy density of about 40 ‐ 60 Wh/kg. First results obtained with practical cells of technical design confirm this statement.
Situation Displays for Dynamic UAV Replanning: Intuitions and Performance for Display Formats (2010)

Operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) requires quickly replanning routes to satisfy multiple complex three-dimensional (3D) mission constraints. How well do conventional two-dimensional (2D) displays support replanning? What are users' intuitions about alternate display formats, given the trend towards user-configured displays? Previously, we developed a realistic replanning task, and measured time and accuracy for satisfying UAV mission constraints. With present-day 2D displays, performance was particularly poor in complex mountainous environments (Cook, Smallman, Lacson, & Manes, 2009). In the current work, to address this shortfall, we designed novel displays to support replanning, and measured performance and intuitions for three canonical display formats: (1) baseline 2D, a proxy for current UAV displays, (2) augmented 2D, with integrated replanning constraints, and (3) perspective 3D, comparable in features to the augmented 2D. Using the three formats, participants replanned UAV routes compromised by closed airspace and repositioned ISR targets, over flat and mountainous terrain. Replanning was slowest and most error-prone for baseline 2D in flat terrain, and error severity was greatest for perspective 3D in mountainous terrain. However, users' intuitions strongly favored perspective 3D. Overall, time and accuracy were best for augmented 2D, and better performance with augmented 2D relied less upon higher spatial ability. Results highlight the mismatch of users' intuitions with performance, and the role of individual differences. The study informs the design of future replanning displays and lays the foundation for introducing and visualizing automated path planning solutions.
From Modal Logic to Deductive Databases: Introducing a Logic Based Approach to Artificial Intelligence, edited by A. Thayse Wiley, Chichester, 1989, <i>xxiv + 380 pp. (£19.95)</i> (1990)

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Investigation of the Polymerization Behavior and Regioselectivity of Fluorene Diamine‐Based Benzoxazines (2012)

Abstract A series of fluorene diamine‐based benzoxazine monomers are prepared from the reaction of 9,9‐bis‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐fluorene with paraformaldehyde and unsubstituted or substituted phenols. Unsubstituted and substituted phenol‐based benzoxazines show different polymerization behaviors and give polymers with different thermal properties. The ortho and para positions on the phenol for benzoxazines based on phenol and m ‐cresol could concurrently participate in the crosslinking reaction during thermal ring‐opening polymerization to form Mannich and methylene bridges at high temperature. The glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability of the resulting polymers are much higher than those of other substituted phenol‐based polybenzoxazines and bisphenol fluorene‐based polybenzoxazines.
Herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia--a clinical trial of aspirin in chloroform for anodyne. (1998)

Pain associated with Herpes Zoster (HZ) and Post-herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) has been a challenging task to manage with ease. Topical aspirin dissolved in chloroform is an effective means of reducing pain due to HZ and PHN in most patients. The locus of pain origin and analgesia induced by topical aspirin is supposed to be at cutaneous free nerve ending pain receptors. The present study was conduced in fifty two patients of HZ and PHN. Pain intensity before and after the application of drug was measured with help of Sort Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SE-MPQ). Most of the patients experienced relief of pain within 1-5 minutes after the aspirin-chloroform application. Maximum relief was achieved in about 30-40 minutes and persisted for 5-6 hrs. In the beginning 3-4 applications were required but frequency decreased gradually as the pain abated.
Extrapulmonary Dissemination of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> but Not <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in a Bronchoscopic Rabbit Model of Cavitary Tuberculosis (2008)

The rabbit model of tuberculosis is attractive because of its pathophysiologic resemblance to the disease in humans. Rabbits are naturally resistant to infection but may manifest cavitary lung lesions. We describe here a novel approach that utilizes presensitization and bronchoscopic inoculation to reliably produce cavities in the rabbit model. With a fixed inoculum of bacilli, we were able to reproducibly generate cavities by using Mycobacterium bovis Ravenel, M. bovis AF2122, M. bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis CDC1551, and the M. tuberculosis CDC1551 DeltasigC mutant. M. bovis infections generated cavitary CFU counts of 10(6) to 10(9) bacilli, while non-M. bovis species and BCG yielded CFU counts that ranged from 10(4) to 10(8) bacilli. Extrapulmonary dissemination was almost exclusively noted among rabbits infected with M. bovis Ravenel and AF2122. Though all of the species yielded secondary lesions at intrapulmonary sites, M. bovis infections led to the most apparent gross pathology. Using the M. tuberculosis icl and dosR gene expression patterns as molecular sentinels, we demonstrated that both the cavity wall and cavity lumen are microenvironments associated with hypoxia, upregulation of the bacterial dormancy program, and the use of host lipids for bacterial catabolism. This unique cavitary model provides a reliable animal model to study cavity pathogenesis and extrapulmonary dissemination.
Renalase Expression by Melanoma and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Tumor Growth through a STAT3-Mediated Mechanism (2016)

To sustain their proliferation, cancer cells overcome negative-acting signals that restrain their growth and promote senescence and cell death. Renalase (RNLS) is a secreted flavoprotein that functions as a survival factor after ischemic and toxic injury, signaling through the plasma calcium channel PMCA4b to activate the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. We show that RNLS expression is increased markedly in primary melanomas and CD163(+) tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). In clinical specimens, RNLS expression in the tumor correlated inversely with disease-specific survival, suggesting a pathogenic role for RNLS. Attenuation of RNLS by RNAi, blocking antibodies, or an RNLS-derived inhibitory peptide decreased melanoma cell survival, and anti-RNLS therapy blocked tumor growth in vivo in murine xenograft assays. Mechanistic investigations showed that increased apoptosis in tumor cells was temporally related to p38 MAPK-mediated Bax activation and that increased cell growth arrest was associated with elevated expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21. Overall, our results established a role for the secreted flavoprotein RNLS in promoting melanoma cell growth and CD163(+) TAM in the tumor microenvironment, with potential therapeutic implications for the management of melanoma. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3884-94. ©2016 AACR.
Leukocyte Trafficking in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: Breakdown of Blood–Retinal Barrier and Upregulation of Cellular Adhesion Molecules (2003)

The sequence of events in EAU appears to be focal adhesion of leukocytes to discrete sites on postcapillary venules, followed by upregulation of adhesion molecules, especially ICAM-1 and P-selectin, and breakdown of the BRB, leading to transendothelial migration of leukocytes and recruitment of large numbers of cells to the retinal parenchyma. These changes occur over a short period of 6 to 9 days pi and initiate the process of tissue damage during the following 2 to 3 weeks.
The Conceptual Design of an Integrated Nuclearhydrogen Production Plant Using the Sulfur Cycle Water Decomposition System (1976)

A hydrogen production plant was designed based on a hybrid electrolytic-thermochemical process for decomposing water. The sulfur cycle water decomposition system is driven by a very high temperature nuclear reactor that provides 1,283 K helium working gas. The plant is sized to approximately ten million standard cubic meters per day of electrolytically pure hydrogen and has an overall thermal efficiently of 45.2 percent. The economics of the plant were evaluated using ground rules which include a 1974 cost basis without escalation, financing structure and other economic factors. Taking into account capital, operation, maintenance and nuclear fuel cycle costs, the cost of product hydrogen was calculated at $5.96/std cu m for utility financing. These values are significantly lower than hydrogen costs from conventional water electrolysis plants and competitive with hydrogen from coal gasification plants.
Spectrum Aggregation: Initial outcomes from SAMURAI project (2011)

Multi-user MIMO and Spectrum Aggregation (also referred to Carrier Aggregation) are two key enablers of next generation wireless systems. Although those techniques were already quite well investigated at theoretical level, their practical implementation is not immediate and raises numerous challenges. The SAMURAI project aims at investigating such challenges as well as at providing realistic performance results. This paper presents first outcomes of the project, with a specific focus of Carrier Aggregation (CA). Two aspects are discussed: CA at PHY/RF level with implementation challenges. Then, the system aspect of CA, providing new flexibility in terms of radio resource management is investigated. System simulations show capacity improvement when CA is enabled. SAMURAI outcomes in the MU-MIMO aspects are reported in a companion paper.
Hepcidin levels in humans are correlated with hepatic iron stores, hemoglobin levels, and hepatic function (2005)

Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is synthesized by the liver. Hepcidin binds to the iron exporter ferroportin to regulate the release of iron into plasma from macrophages, hepatocytes, and enterocytes. We analyzed liver samples from patients undergoing hepatic surgery for cancer or receiving liver transplants and analyzed correlations between clinical parameters and liver hepcidin mRNA and urinary hepcidin concentrations. Despite the many potential confounding influences, urinary hepcidin concentrations significantly correlated with hepatic hepcidin mRNA concentrations, indicating that hepcidin quantification in urine is a valid approach to evaluate hepcidin expression. Moreover, we found in humans that hepcidin levels correlated with hepatic iron stores and hemoglobin levels and may also be affected by hepatic dysfunction.
Synaptic physiology of excitatory amino acids. (1992)

This paper gives a short overview of the localization of the main excitatory amino acid pathways in the mammalian brain and lists a few of the most important agonists and antagonists of the 5 excitatory acid receptors described to-date: the N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA), a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid-(AMPA), kainic acid-, metabotropic- and presynaptic receptors. The main part summarizes work of this laboratory on excitatory amino acids involved in the synaptic physiology of the cortico-caudate, thalamo-cortical and a local cortical pathway studied in the cat brain in vivo. It concludes by presenting two hypotheses which describe how AMPA- and NMDA-receptors could interact in the brain to modulate synaptic function, the AMPA receptors being responsible for fast synaptic transmission while activation of NMDA-receptors enhance their gain either within a single synapse or from independent synapses or extrasynaptic sites.
Mechanism of anisotropy in fracture behaviour and fracture toughness of high strength aluminium alloy plate (1990)

AbstractAbstractThe fracture behaviour and JIc fracture toughness of a commercial Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy plate has been investigated. Based on the experimental results and available theoretical analyses, the following results were obtained. Secondary grain boundary cracks appeared ahead of the main crack, which served as a triggering mechanism for small scale shearing. Shear failure facets on the fracture surface of single edge notched bend specimens represent the same type of fracture as the fast shear failure that occurred during tensile tests on notched specimens. The grain boundary cracking–small scale shearing mechanism is essentially a type of shielding event that not only makes the fracture appearance obviously anisotropic, but also, to a considerable extent, accounts for the strong anisotropy of fracture toughness.MST/1111
BROADBAND CALCULATIONS OF BAND DIAGRAMS IN PERIODIC STRUCTURES USING THE BROADBAND GREEN'S FUNCTION WITH LOW WAVENUMBER EXTRACTION (BBGFL) (2015)

We apply the method of the Broadband Green's Functions with Low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) to calculate band diagrams in periodic structures. We consider 2D impenetrable objects placed in a 2D periodic lattice. The low wavenumber extraction is applied to the 2D periodic Green's function for the lattice which is used to formulate the surface integral equation. The low wavenumber extraction accelerates the convergence of the Floquet modes expansion. Using the BBGFL to the surface integral equation and the Method of Moments gives a linear eigenvalue equation that gives the broadband (multi-band) solutions simultaneously for a given point in the first Brillouin zone. The method only requires the calculation of the periodic Green's function at a single low wavenumber. Numerical results are illustrated for the 2D hexagonal lattice to show the computational efficiency and accuracy of the method. Because of the acceleration of convergence, an eigenvalue problem with dimensions 49 plane wave Floquet modes are sufficient to give the multi-band solutions that are in excellent agreement with results of the Korringa Kohn Rostoker (KKR) method. The multiband solutions for the band problem and the complementary band problem are also discussed.
Defective Kinesin Heavy Chain Behavior in Mouse Kinesin Light Chain Mutants (1999)

Conventional kinesin, kinesin-I, is a heterotetramer of two kinesin heavy chain (KHC) subunits (KIF5A, KIF5B, or KIF5C) and two kinesin light chain (KLC) subunits. While KHC contains the motor activity, the role of KLC remains unknown. It has been suggested that KLC is involved in either modulation of KHC activity or in cargo binding. Previously, we characterized KLC genes in mouse (Rahman, A., D.S. Friedman, and L.S. Goldstein. 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273:15395-15403). Of the two characterized gene products, KLC1 was predominant in neuronal tissues, whereas KLC2 showed a more ubiquitous pattern of expression. To define the in vivo role of KLC, we generated KLC1 gene-targeted mice. Removal of functional KLC1 resulted in significantly smaller mutant mice that also exhibited pronounced motor disabilities. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that KLC1 mutant mice have a pool of KIF5A not associated with any known KLC subunit. Immunofluorescence studies of sensory and motor neuron cell bodies in KLC1 mutants revealed that KIF5A colocalized aberrantly with the peripheral cis-Golgi marker giantin in mutant cells. Striking changes and aberrant colocalization were also observed in the intracellular distribution of KIF5B and beta'-COP, a component of COP1 coatomer. Taken together, these data best support models that suggest that KLC1 is essential for proper KHC activation or targeting.
Function of PIN1 in Cancer Development and Its Inhibitors as Cancer Therapeutics (2020)

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PIN1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which results in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. The altered structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins regulated by PIN1 are closely related to cancer development. PIN1 is highly expressed in human cancers and promotes cancer as well as cancer stem cells by breaking the balance of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the roles of PIN1 in cancer and PIN1-targeted small-molecule compounds.
Measurement of the Elastic Modulus of Single Bacterial Cellulose Fibers Using Atomic Force Microscopy (2005)

The ability of the atomic force microscope to measure forces with subnanonewton sensitivity at nanometer-scale lateral resolutions has led to its use in the mechanical characterization of nanomaterials. Recent studies have shown that the atomic force microscope can be used to measure the elastic moduli of suspended fibers by performing a nanoscale three-point bending test, in which the center of the fiber is deflected by a known force. We extend this technique by modeling the deflection measured at several points along a suspended fiber, allowing us to obtain more accurate data, as well as to justify the mechanical model used. As a demonstration, we have measured a value of 78 +/- 17 GPa for Young's modulus of bacterial cellulose fibers with diameters ranging from 35 to 90 nm. This value is considerably higher than previous estimates, obtained by less direct means, of the mechanical strength of individual cellulose fibers.
High activity of K+-dependent plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in hippocampal CA1 neurons (2004)

Ca(2+) influx via reversed K(+)-dependent (NCKX) and/or K(+)-independent (NCX) plasmalemmal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers may play a role in neuronal death following global brain ischemia to which CA1 neurons are particularly vulnerable. Therefore, this work tested whether the rates of Ca(2+) influx via reversed NCKX or NCX in cultured rat CA1 neurons differ from those in forebrain neurons (FNs) or cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). The NCKX-mediated Ca(2+) influx was several times more rapid in CA1 neurons than in FNs or CGCs and was not affected by Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange inhibitors, KB-R7943 or bepridil. NCKX reversal inhibitors are not yet available. Their development would greatly facilitate further testing the role of NCKX in ischemic death of CA1 neurons.
Lead‐free alloys (1998)

In recent years, efforts to develop alternatives to lead‐based solders have increased dramatically. These efforts began as a response to potential legislation and regulations restricting lead usage in the electronics industry. Lead is extremely toxic when inhaled or ingested. As researchers began to focus on Pb‐free solders, they recognized their value in high temperature applications (e.g. automotive manufacturing) where Sn/Pb solders do not meet the requirements. There are many factors to consider when developing lead‐free alloys: manufacturability, availability, reliability, cost and environmental safety. Of these, the most challenging and time consuming is the reliability of alternative solders. The lead‐free alloys available cannot be used as a drop‐in replacement for the SnPb or SnPbAg. The introduction of lead‐free solder alloys may mean having to use alternative component and PCB metallizations, PCB materials, solder fluxes, etc.
Activation of α<sub>v</sub>β3-Vitronectin Binding Is a Multistage Process in which Increases in Bond Strength Are Dependent on Y747 and Y759 in the Cytoplasmic Domain of β3 (2001)

Integrin receptors serve as mechanical links between the cell and its structural environment. Using alpha(v)beta3 integrin expressed in K562 cells as a model system, the process by which the mechanical connection between alpha(v)beta3 and vitronectin develops was analyzed by measuring the resistance of these bonds to mechanical separation. Three distinct stages of activation, as defined by increases in the alpha(v)beta3-vitronectin binding strength, were defined by mutational, biochemical, and biomechanical analyses. Activation to the low binding strength stage 1 occurs through interaction with the vitronectin ligand and leads to the phosphorylation of Y747 in the beta3 subunit. Stage 2 is characterized by a 4-fold increase in binding strength and is dependent on stage1 and the phosphorylation of Y747. Stage 3 is characterized by a further 2.5-fold increase in binding strength and is dependent on stage 2 events and the availability of Y759 for interaction with cellular proteins. The Y747F mutant blocked the transition from stage 1 to stage 2, and the Y759F blocked the transition from stage 2 to stage 3. The data suggest a model for tension-induced activation of alpha(v)beta3 integrin.
Identification and characterization of highly versatile peptide-vectors that bind non-competitively to the low-density lipoprotein receptor for in vivo targeting and delivery of small molecules and protein cargos (2018)

Insufficient membrane penetration of drugs, in particular biotherapeutics and/or low target specificity remain a major drawback in their efficacy. We propose here the rational characterization and optimization of peptides to be developed as vectors that target cells expressing specific receptors involved in endocytosis or transcytosis. Among receptors involved in receptor-mediated transport is the LDL receptor. Screening complex phage-displayed peptide libraries on the human LDLR (hLDLR) stably expressed in cell lines led to the characterization of a family of cyclic and linear peptides that specifically bind the hLDLR. The VH411 lead cyclic peptide allowed endocytosis of payloads such as the S-Tag peptide or antibodies into cells expressing the hLDLR. Size reduction and chemical optimization of this lead peptide-vector led to improved receptor affinity. The optimized peptide-vectors were successfully conjugated to cargos of different nature and size including small organic molecules, siRNAs, peptides or a protein moiety such as an Fc fragment. We show that in all cases, the peptide-vectors retain their binding affinity to the hLDLR and potential for endocytosis. Following i.v. administration in wild type or ldlr-/- mice, an Fc fragment chemically conjugated or fused in C-terminal to peptide-vectors showed significant biodistribution in LDLR-enriched organs. We have thus developed highly versatile peptide-vectors endowed with good affinity for the LDLR as a target receptor. These peptide-vectors have the potential to be further developed for efficient transport of therapeutic or imaging agents into cells -including pathological cells-or organs that express the LDLR.