gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of anthocyanin‐rich extract from bilberry (<i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>L.) against myelotoxicity induced by 5‐fluorouracil (2007)

The toxicities associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, can not only affect the morbidity and the efficacy of chemotherapy but also limit its clinical use. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a commercial anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (AREB) against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity in vivo, and against chemosensitivity to 5-FU in vitro. A single injection of 5-FU at 200 mg/kg induced severe peripheral erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia as well as hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg of AREB for 10 days significantly increased the number of red blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes in peripheral blood to 1.2-fold, 9-fold, and 6-fold, respectively, compared with those seen after treatment with 5-FU alone (p< 0.05-0.001). The hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow caused by 5-FU was also distinctly alleviated in the AREB-treated group. Furthermore, AREB treatment with 50 and 100 microg/ml as a monomeric anthocyanin did not interfere with, but rather enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-FU in vitro. These results suggest that AREB may have protective potential against 5-FU-induced myelotoxiciy and/or the ability to enhance the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of 5-FU.
A Potentiometric Study on Complex Formation of Silver(I) Ion with Glycine and β-Alanine in Aqueous Solution (1980)

Abstract The complex formation of silver(I) ion with glycine and β-alanine was studied at 25 °C in an aqueous solution containing 3 mol dm−3 LiClO4 as a constant ionic medium by means of potentiometric titrations. At a relatively low pH region, the AgHL+ complex (L− represents glycinate and β-alaninate ions) was formed, in which the silver ion was coordinated with the carboxyl group of the ligands. At a medium pH range, the AgL and AgL2− complexes were formed. From the formation constants of the complexes, it is suggested that the silver ion within the complexes may be coordinated with the amino group of the ligands and the interaction between the metal ion and the carboxyl group within the complexes is so weak that the interaction does not appreciably stabilize the complexes. At the highest pH region, the hydrolyzed species Ag(OH)L− was formed.
Prevention and reversal of adoptively transferred, chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a single high dose cytoreductive treatment followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1993)

A chronic relapsing form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) was induced in SJL/J mice by adoptive transfer of lymph node cells (LNC) sensitized to guinea pig myelin basic protein (GMBP). We examined the efficacy of high dose immunosuppressive regimens (cyclophosphamide [CY] 300 mg/kg or total body irradiation [TBI] 900 cGy) followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (SBMT) in prevention and treatment of already established CR-EAE. Treatment with TBI and SBMT on day 5 after the induction of CR-EAE, just before the onset of clinical signs, completely inhibited the appearance of the paralytic signs. The same treatment, applied 4 d after the clinical onset of the disease, led to a significant regression of the paralytic signs and to a total inhibition of spontaneous relapses during a follow-up period of 2 mo. Challenge of mice with GMBP+CFA 78 d after the passive induction of CR-EAE induced a relapse of the disease 7 d later in almost all of the untreated mice; in contrast, the same challenge given to TBI+SBMT-treated mice caused a delayed relapse (30 d later) in only a minority (3/7) of the challenged mice. In vitro lymphocytic proliferative responses to GMBP and purified protein derivative were significantly lower in TBI/SBMT-treated mice before and after the GMBP challenge, although these mice were fully immunocompetent, as evidenced by their normal lymphocytic proliferation to concanavalin A (ConA) and the FACS analysis of their lymphocytic subpopulations. A similar beneficial therapeutic effect was observed in mice treated with CY followed by SBMT, after the onset of CR-EAE. Our results could support possible clinical applications of similar therapeutic strategies, involving acute immunosuppression followed by stem cell transplantation and retolerization of the reconstituting immune cells in life-threatening neurological and multisystemic autoimmune diseases.
Glutathione Bioresponsive Cyclodextrin Nanosponges (2015)

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges are designed as new nanostructured material for drug delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies show that nanosponges can increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs encapsulated within their nanostructure. Reported is a new, cheap glutathione (GSH)-responsive material easily obtained in high yield through a one-step synthetic route. Effectiveness of this GSH-responsive material was proved using several tumor cells and doxorubicin as model anticancer drug. The release of the drug was in according with the GSH content in tumor cells.
Protease composition of exocytosed human skin mast cell protease-proteoglycan complexes. Tryptase resides in a complex distinct from chymase and carboxypeptidase (1992)

We characterized the release and the protease composition of high m.w. complexes released from dispersed human skin mast cells, under conditions that did not disrupt the binding of proteases to proteoglycan. The net percent release ratio of tryptase to histamine, after anti-IgE and calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation was higher than those for chymase or carboxypeptidase. This was explained by the greater cell association of carboxypeptidase and chymase, compared with tryptase, after mast cell degranulation and/or differential cosedimentation of the proteases with mast cells, because treatment of activated mast cells with 1 M NaCl increased the release ratios of chymase and carboxypeptidase more than that of tryptase. Tryptase, after release, was stable in 0.12 M NaCl and had a molecular mass of approximately 200 to 250 kDa, suggesting that it was bound to proteoglycan. We demonstrated that complexes containing chymase and carboxypeptidase were separable from tryptase-containing complexes by gel filtration and by affinity chromatography. First, on fast protein liquid chromatography, released tryptase filtered at a molecular mass of approximately 200 to 250 kDa, compared with chymase and carboxypeptidase at 400 to 560 kDa. Second, by using affinity chromatography with immobilized antitryptase mAb in 0.15 M NaCl, carboxypeptidase and chymase activities were recovered primarily in the effluent and washes of an antitryptase antibody affinity column and cofiltered at 400 to 560 kDa. Tryptase was recovered only in the eluate. Finally, by using potato tuber carboxypeptidase inhibitor-Sepharose affinity chromatography, tryptase activity was found primarily in the effluent and washes, filtered at a molecular mass of 200 kDa on fast protein liquid chromatography, and was stable in 0.12 M NaCl buffer at 37 degrees C. Carboxypeptidase and chymase activities were found primarily in the eluate. These findings suggest that tryptase and carboxypeptidase/chymase reside in distinct macromolecular complexes. Separate complexes containing these proteases may help explain previous ultrastructural observations in which the distributions of chymase and tryptase within a single granule did not always coincide.
Pharmacological Activation and Modulation of the Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion in the Cat<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Pharmacological agents have been shown to be capable of inducing a pattern of rhythmic activity recorded in muscle nerves or motoneurons of paralyzed spinal cats that closely resembles the locomotor pattern seen in intact cats. Further work, using intraperitoneal or intrathecal injections, suggests that different neurotransmitters may be involved in various aspects of locomotor control, e.g., initiation and modulation of the pattern. Although precursors, agonists or the neurotransmitters themselves of several systems have been investigated (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic), the noradrenergic system seems the most efficient in triggering locomotion in complete spinal cats, with the alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, tizanidine, oxymetazoline) being more potent than the alpha-1 agonist, methoxamine. Moreover, the potency of the drugs may depend on the time of application after the spinal lesion. In chronic spinal cats capable of spontaneous walking on hindlimbs on the treadmill, all neurotransmitters appear to exert distinct recognizable effects on the locomotor pattern. More recent work also suggests that the effects of drugs may differ significantly depending on the type of spinal lesion. For instance, clonidine further reduces the level of weight support during quadrupedal locomotion of cats with lesions of the ventral-ventrolateral funiculi, possibly due to an interference of clonidine with essential compensatory mechanisms used by these animals to walk. Such considerations as the type of drugs, type of lesions, and the time after the lesion will be important for future studies in spinal cord injured patients.
Solvent-free lipase-mediated synthesis of six-membered cyclic carbonates from trimethylolpropane and dialkyl carbonates (2011)

Six-membered cyclic carbonates with hydroxyl and/or alkoxycarbonyloxy groups, as potential monomers for polyurethanes and polycarbonates, were prepared by the reaction between trimethylolpropane (TMP) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or diethylcarbonate (DEC) mediated by immobilized Candida antarcticalipase B, Novozym® 435 in a solvent-free medium. The dialkyl carbonate served as a solvent for the reaction. The solubility of TMP at 50 °C was 565 mg mL−1 in DMC, and 64.8 mg mL−1 in DEC. Reactions using biocatalyst concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% (w/w of TMP) showed similar profiles, with a linear increase in the conversion of TMP to 90% within 24 h, and complete conversion within 48 h. At biocatalyst concentrations of 2.5 and 5% (w/w of TMP), the main products were mono-carbonated TMP (3) and/or cyclic carbonate (4), while di and tri-carbonated TMP (5, 7) were obtained at lipase concentrations of 20 and 40%. The reactivity of DEC was lower than that of DMC, but led to higher selectivity in production of 3 or 4. A large fraction of the linear carbonates in the product mixture were cyclized by disproportionation involving heating at 60–80 °C without any catalyst. The total yield of cyclic carbonates was about 85% after thermal treatment at 80 °C. This process, consisting of lipase-catalyzed transesterification and thermal disproportionation, provides a novel and more environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates without using toxic organic solvents, phosgene or isocyanate.
QoS on LEO satellites (2004)

This paper discusses the role played by wireless network infrastructure in mobile commerce applications. The user's perception of service quality depends on the available resources and capabilities of the network. The new generation of low earth orbit (LEO) mobile satellite networks, deployed at altitudes ranging from 500 km to 2000 km, are well suited to handle multimedia traffic and to offer end-users equipped with hand-held devices at low cost-per minute access to network services. A wide range of multimedia services and applications are expected to provide users with QoS based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology. LEO satellite networks provide significant wide area coverage, unique broadcast capability, ability to meet different QoS requirements, the ability to communicate with hand-held devices and low cost access. The main resources in the LEO networks are satellite radio bandwidth and the buffer capacity of the onboard ATM switch. The most important ATM resource management function is connection and call admission control. The real objective of this article is to introduce the general framework of resource reservation in multimedia LEO satellite networks which offers a unified approach to handle all the important aspects of resource reservation and radio-resource management functions required by E-commerce and mobile commerce applications.
Effects of uniform magnetic fields on shielded MR sensors (1991)

Standard thin-film techniques were used to construct the shielded magnetoresistive (MR) sensors with soft-adjacent-layer biasing. The authors show the three shield designs included in these tests: a tall and asymmetric shield pair with magnetic leads, a tall and asymmetric shield without the magnetic leads, and a short and symmetric structure. The authors discuss the effects of an externally applied magnetic field which can change the biasing of a magnetoresistive sensor. Under large-signal conditions, this produces preferential saturation of one polarity of the readback signal and changes the amount of waveform distortion. In a shielding MR sensor for hard disk applications, the sensitivity to external fields is affected by the shapes of the shields: tall shields are more sensitive to axial fields; asymmetrically shaped shields can increase the sensitivity to radial fields by converting them to axial fields at the sensor. Moderate fields can sometimes induce small, systematic changes into the small-signal spatial sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pre-Triassic Swallow-holes in the Haematite District of Furness, Lancs: a Glimpse of an Ancient Landscape (1920)

A Point of economic importance, as well as scientific interest, has been brought out by a study of the occurrences of hæmatite in the Furness district of Lancashire and the neighbouring shores of the River Duddon in the Millom district of Cumberland; namely, that the origin and distribution of the ore-bodies, known as “sops”, is due, in large measure, to the physiographical conditions that existed in this area in post-Carboniferous but pre-New Red times. Future explorations for these profitable ore-bodies may be guided by a true appreciation of the conditions of formation, which are discussed, in somewhat scattered form, in the recently published Geological Survey Memoir on the “Hæmatites of West Cumberland, Lancashire, and the Lake District”.
Electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly multilayer films based on graphene and manganese dioxide sheets as novel electrode materials for supercapacitors (2011)

A new class of multilayer films was constructed by electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly, using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) mediated graphene sheets (PSS-GS), manganese dioxide (MnO2) sheets, and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDDA) as building blocks. UV-vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructures and morphologies of the multilayer films. Capacitive properties of the synthesized multilayer film electrodes were studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge in 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The specific capacitance of the ITO/(PDDA/PSS-GS/PDDA/MnO2)10electrode reached 263 F g−1 at a discharge current density of 0.283 A g−1; moreover, this film electrode also shows a good cyclic stability and high Coulombic efficiency. Anticipatedly, the synthesized multilayer films will find promising applications as a novel electrode material in supercapacitors and other devices in virtue of their outstanding characteristics of controllable capacitance, good cycle stability, low cost and environmentally benign nature.
Cytologically balanced t(2;20) in a two-generation family with alagille syndrome: cytogenetic and molecular studies. (1994)

Alagille syndrome is a clinically defined, dominantly inherited disorder affecting the liver, heart, face, eye, and vertebrae. Alagille syndrome has previously been localized to the short arm of chromosome 20, on the basis of reports of a small number of patients with chromosomal deletions of 20p. We undertook a cytogenetic study of patients with Alagille syndrome and identified a family in which a cytologically balanced translocation between chromosomes 2 and 20, 46,XX/XY, t(2;20)(q21.3;p12), is segregating concordantly with the disease. The breakpoint on chromosome 20p in this t(2;20) is consistent with the shortest region of overlap demonstrated in the reported deletion patients. This is the first report of a translocation associated with 20p and Alagille syndrome, and this rearrangement confirms the location of the Alagille disease gene at 20p12. We have established a somatic cell hybrid from a lymphoblastoid cell line from one of the affected individuals that contains the derivative chromosome 20 (20qter-->p12::2q21.3-->qter) but not the derivative chromosome 2, the normal chromosome 2, or the normal chromosome 20. Southern blot and PCR analysis of probes and sequences from 20p have been studied to define the location of the translocation breakpoint. Our results show that the breakpoint lies distal to D20S61 and D20S56 within band 20p12.
Semiconductor bridge, SCB, ignition of energetic materials (1997)

Sandia National Laboratories` semiconductor bridge, SCB, is now being used for the ignition or initiation of a wide variety of exeoergic materials. Applications of this new technology arose because of a need at the system level to provide light weight, small volume and low energy explosive assemblies. Conventional bridgewire devices could not meet the stringent size, weight and energy requirements of our customers. We present an overview of SCB technology and the ignition characteristics for a number of energetic materials including primary and secondary explosives, pyrotechnics, thermites and intermetallics. We provide examples of systems designed to meet the modern requirements that sophisticated systems must satisfy in today`s market environments.
A New Multiple-Round Dimension-Order Routing for Networks-on-Chip (2011)

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is limited by the reliability constraint, which impels us to exploit the fault-tolerant routing. Generally, there are two main design objectives: tolerating more faults and achieving high network performance. To this end, we propose a new multiple-round dimension-order routing (NMR-DOR). Unlike existing solutions, besides the intermediate nodes inter virtual channels (VCs), some turn-legally intermediate nodes inside each VC are also utilized. Hence, more faults are tolerated by those new introduced intermediate nodes without adding extra VCs. Furthermore, unlike the previous solutions where some VCs are prioritized, the NMR-DOR provides a more flexible manner to evenly distribute packets among different VCs. With extensive simulations, we prove that the NMR-DOR maximally saves more than 90% unreachable node pairs blocked by faults in previous solutions, and significantly reduces the packet latency compared with existing solutions.
A novel immunoassay with direct relevance to protection against organophosphate poisoning (1985)

Antiparaoxon immune sera were employed in a new immunoassay based on competition between acetylcholinesterase and antibodies for the binding of paraoxon. Unlike radioimmunoassay, the new assay described herein can be extended to predict the feasibility of antibodies to confer in vivo protection of acetylcholinesterase against organophosphate poisoning. The toxicity of paraoxon was reduced in mice which were preinjected with the immune sera.
ISO Recommended Reference Radiations for the Calibration and Proficiency Testing of Dosemeters and Dose Rate Meters used in Radiation Protection (1999)

One of the activities of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the preparation and revision of standards specifying the requirements for photon, beta and neutron reference radiations to be used in radiation protection for the calibration of personal and area dosemeters and for contamination monitors. The reference radiations are also specified for determining the response of the instruments as a function of radiation energy and angle of incidence. Radionuclide sources, X ray facilities, reactors and accelerators are utilised as radiation sources to cover the wide range of radiation types and energies. The standards are intended to be applied by primary and secondary standard dosimetry laboratories, but information contained in the standards is widely applicable. The standards specify, in addition, fundamental requirements for an adequate characterisation of reference radiations and describe calibration procedures. The latter include the specification of phantoms (trunk, arm/leg, finger) for the calibration and type testing of personal dosemeters in terms of the operational quantities proposed by the ICRU. Conversion coefficients are provided for all the reference radiations. The present paper gives background information about the concepts of the calibration procedures, the choice of the reference radiations, and their dosimetry. The main features of the standards are described and illustrated by examples.
Recent advances in Krylov-subspace solvers for linear systems and applications in device simulation (2002)

The computational cost of many simulations is dominated by the solution of large, sparse systems of linear equations. Krylov-subspace methods, especially when combined with suitable preconditioning, are powerful algorithms for the iterative solution of such linear systems. One of the features of Krylov-subspace methods is that the matrix of the linear system is only used in the form of matrix-vector products, and thus sparsity is naturally exploited. In recent years, there have been many advances in Krylov-subspace methods for the solution of large, sparse, nonsymmetric linear systems. In this paper, we survey some of these recent advances especially in the area of Lanczos-based methods. We also discuss the use of state-of-the-art Krylov-subspace methods in device simulation.
A novel chromatography system to isolate active ribosomes from pathogenic bacteria (2007)

We have developed a novel chromatography for the rapid isolation of active ribosomes from bacteria without the use of harsh conditions or lengthy procedures that damage ribosomes. Ribosomes interact with an alkyl linker attached to the resin, apparently through their RNA component. Examples are given with ribosomes from Escherichia coli, Deinococcus radiodurans, and with clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ribosomes obtained by this method are unusually intact, so that highly active ribosomes can now be isolated from the clinical isolates, enabling significantly improved in vitro functional assays that will greatly assist the discovery and development of new ribosomally targeted antibiotics.
An osmoregulated dipeptide in stressed Rhizobium meliloti (1989)

One common mechanism of cellular adaptation to osmotic stress is the accumulation of organic solutes in the cytosol. We have used natural-abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to identify all organic solutes that accumulate to significant levels in Rhizobium meliloti. Our studies led to the discovery of a new dipeptide, N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide (NAGGN), which is accumulated during osmotic stress. Only rarely have peptides been shown to function in bacteria, and furthermore, this is the first example of a peptide playing a role in osmoregulation. Evidence for the biological role of NAGGN in osmotic-stress protection is presented.
Whole-Slide Image Focus Quality: Automatic Assessment and Impact on AI Cancer Detection (2019)

Comprehensive whole-slide OOF categorization could enable rescans before pathologist review, potentially reducing the impact of digitization focus issues on the clinical workflow. We show that the algorithm trained on our semi-synthetic OOF data generalizes well to real OOF regions across tissue types, stains, and scanners. Finally, quantitative OOF maps can flag regions that might otherwise be misclassified by image analysis algorithms, preventing OOF-induced errors.