gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of Voltage-Controlled Spintronic Devices in CMOS Circuits (2017)

Spintronics is an emerging field that studies the properties of electron spin and discovers the methods to detect and manipulate its associated magnetic moment in a solid-state device, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge. Utilization of spintronic devices has been considered as a possible alternative for beyond CMOS technology. One of the most promising spintronic devices is a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) that has attracted the attention of academia and industry owing to its remarkable characteristics such as non-volatility, virtually unlimited endurance, and CMOS compatibility. Also, due to the discovery of the spin-transfer torque (STT) and spin Hall effect (SHE) as new switching mechanisms, a nanosecond switching speed has been demonstrated in MTJ devices. However, these current-driven switching methods inherently cause a significant ohmic loss since they require relatively a large amount current to generate sufficient spin torque. Recently, a voltage-controlled effect has been utilized to mitigate the energy issue by drastically reducing ohmic dissipation during switching in a noble memory architecture called magnetoelectric RAM (MeRAM). In addition to achieving high-energy efficiency, voltage-induced switching leads to further improvement in terms of density and switching speed, opening the door to new possibilities of next generation low-power and high-speed system architectures. \tIn this dissertation, we explore the characteristics of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect driven precessional switching based on an MTJ macrospin compact model including the VCMA effect in its built-in Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. In particular, this compact model allows predicting required bias conditions for switching, monitoring the three-dimensional magnetization dynamics, and extracting the write error rate (WER). Furthermore, we demonstrate a wide variety of spintronics-CMOS circuits utilizing unique features of voltage-controlled MTJ for many applications. Overall, the performances of the proposed circuits are improved by an order of magnitude, especially, in terms of energy and area. Also, we develop several practical design techniques to improve the reliability of the read and write operations in MeRAM. Lastly, a synchronous 4Kbit MeRAM macro is designed based on IBM 130 nm technology. After discussing the MeRAM macro specification and constraints, each circuit component of the macro and its verification results are presented.
Reversible Inter- and Intra-Microgel Cross-Linking Using Disulfides (2011)

Thermoresponsive hydrogel nanoparticles composed of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (pNIPMAm) and the disulfide-based cross-linker N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) have been prepared using a redox-initiated, aqueous precipitation polymerization approach, leading to improved stability of the disulfide bond compared to traditional thermally-initiated methods. The resultant particles demonstrate complete erosion in response to reducing conditions or thiol competition. This stands in contrast to the behavior of thermally-initiated particles, which retain a cross-linked network following disulfide cleavage due to uncontrolled chain-branching and self-cross-linking side reactions. The synthetic strategy has also been combined with the non-degradable cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) to generate "co-cross-linked" pNIPMAm-BAC-BIS microgels. These particles are redox-responsive, swell upon BAC cross-link scission and present reactive thiols. This pendant thiol functionality was demonstrated to be useful for conjugation of thiol-reactive probes and in reversible network formation by assembling particles cross-linked by disulfide linkages.
Macrophage-Listeria interactions. (1994)

It is clear that the interaction between macrophages and the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is complex and dictated by the needs of both organisms. On the one hand, the invading pathogen has devised strategies to locate itself intracellularly in a site where host defense mechanisms are minimal; thus it escapes the phagosome and enters the cytoplasm, from which it travels to the next cell without exposing itself to the extracellular environment. On the other hand, the infected cell, potentially a highly efficient killer of microbes, is influenced by cytokines and other mediators, autocrine and exocrine, that enhance its ability to thwart the invader. Thus a macrophage, under the influence of at least IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, can progress from being a nonlistericidal cell to one that can kill the intracellular organism. It probably does this by preventing escape of Listeria from the phagosome into the cytoplasm. The bacterium, retained in the phagosome, is killed by unknown mechanisms, which appear to be regulated by iron and may involve reactive nitrogen intermediates.
Unifying explicit and implicit feedback for collaborative filtering (2010)

Most collaborative filtering algorithms are based on certain statistical models of user interests built from either explicit feedback (eg: ratings, votes) or implicit feedback (eg: clicks, purchases). Explicit feedbacks are more precise but more difficult to collect from users while implicit feedbacks are much easier to collect though less accurate in reflecting user preferences. In the existing literature, separate models have been developed for either of these two forms of user feedbacks due to their heterogeneous representation. However in most real world recommended systems both explicit and implicit user feedback are abundant and could potentially complement each other. It is desirable to be able to unify these two heterogeneous forms of user feedback in order to generate more accurate recommendations. In this work, we developed matrix factorization models that can be trained from explicit and implicit feedback simultaneously. Experimental results of multiple datasets showed that our algorithm could effectively combine these two forms of heterogeneous user feedback to improve recommendation quality.
Restoration of catalytic functions in Cre recombinase mutants by electrostatic compensation between active site and DNA substrate (2010)

Two conserved catalytic arginines, Arg-173 and Arg-292, of the tyrosine site-specific recombinase Cre are essential for the transesterification steps of strand cleavage and joining in native DNA substrates containing scissile phosphate groups. The active site tyrosine (Tyr-324) provides the nucleophile for the cleavage reaction, and forms a covalent 3'-phosphotyrosyl intermediate. The 5'-hydroxyl group formed during cleavage provides the nucleophile for the joining reaction between DNA partners, yielding strand exchange. Previous work showed that substitution of the scissile phosphate (P) by methylphosphonate (MeP) permits strand cleavage by a Cre variant lacking Arg-292. We now demonstrate that MeP activation and cleavage are not blocked by substitution of Arg-173 or even simultaneous substitutions of Arg-173 and Arg-292 by alanine. Furthermore, Cre(R173A) and Cre(R292A) are competent in strand joining, Cre(R173A) being less efficient. No joining activity is detected with Cre(R173A, R292A). Consistent with their ability to cleave and join strands, Cre(R173A) and Cre(R292A) can promote recombination between two MeP-full-site DNA partners. These findings shed light on the overall contribution of active site electrostatics, and tease apart distinctive contributions of the individual arginines, to the chemical steps of recombination. They have general implications in active site mechanisms that promote important phosphoryl transfer reactions in nucleic acids.
Blue noise through optimal transport (2012)

We present a fast, scalable algorithm to generate high-quality blue noise point distributions of arbitrary density functions. At its core is a novel formulation of the recently-introduced concept of capacity-constrained Voronoi tessellation as an optimal transport problem. This insight leads to a continuous formulation able to enforce the capacity constraints exactly, unlike previous work. We exploit the variational nature of this formulation to design an efficient optimization technique of point distributions via constrained minimization in the space of power diagrams. Our mathematical, algorithmic, and practical contributions lead to high-quality blue noise point sets with improved spectral and spatial properties.
Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in psoriasis (2012)

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease associated with T lymphocytes.Recent research has shown that besides T helper type 1 cells,regulatory T (Treg) cells,especially the Treg and T helper 17 (Th17) cells whose generation is induced by the forkhead-box/winged-helix transcription factor Foxp3,play an essential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Among them,Foxp3 + Treg cells play a key role in the exacerbation of psoriasis when the balance between immunosuppression and immune activation is shifted.The cytokines produced by Th17 cells,including interleukin (IL)-17A,IL-17F,IL-22,IL-23,IL-36,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and so on,play important roles in the initiation and progression of dermatoses.Psoriasis is a muhifactorial disease with the collaborative involvement of many immune cells including Treg and Th17 cells,as well as cytokines.

Key words: 
T-lymphocytes;  Th17 cells;  Psoriasis
Experimental determination of fuel evaporation rates using IR-thermography (2002)

The scope of the present work is to experimentally investigate the heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring in the case of pure liquid as well as FAME-diesel fuel mixture droplets evaporating in a constant temperature and constant air velocity environment. Experiments have been performed to record the time evolution of droplet diameter and surface temperature. An ultrasonic droplet acoustic levitator has been operated in order to suspend the isolated droplets in air. A fast CCD camera and an infrared camera have been used to record droplet diameters and droplet surface temperatures, respectively. The produced experimental data can be used in the validation of computational and empirical models for single, pure liquid or multicomponent droplet evaporation.
Acetylcholine Esterase-Labeled CdS Nanoparticles on Electrodes:  Photoelectrochemical Sensing of the Enzyme Inhibitors (2002)

The photocurrents generated by a monolayer consisting of a CdS nanoparticles/acetylcholine esterase hybrid system associated with an electrode are controlled by the enzyme inhibitors.
The risk profile of glaucoma filtration surgery (1999)

Glaucoma surgery has evolved over the past 30 years from the full-thickness procedure to the guarded filtration procedure. However, many of the risks and complications attendant with the full-thickness procedure, including endophthalmitis, hypotony, cataract progression, and filtration failure, continue to plague the glaucoma surgeon performing the guarded filtration procedure, although at lower incidences. With proper modification of technique, such as with postoperative bleb titration and use of adjunctive antifibrotic therapy based on prognosticators for failure, the success rates of trabeculectomy reoperations can approach those of primary trabeculectomy. Such risk factors for failure include African-American race, higher preoperative intraocular pressures, previously failed filters, younger age, and uveitic and neovascular glaucomas. In this paper, we review a number of studies that analyze the risks, complications, and long-term results of glaucoma filtration surgery and discuss different surgical recommendations based on risk factors for failure as well as for performing concomitant cataract and glaucoma surgery.
The HYPERcollar: A novel applicator for hyperthermia in the head and neck (2007)

The purpose of this work was to define all features, and show the potential, of the novel HYPERcollar applicator system for hyperthermia treatments in the head and neck region. The HYPERcollar applicator consists of (1) an antenna ring, (2) a waterbolus system and (3) a positioning system. The specific absorption rate (SAR) profile of this applicator was investigated by performing infra-red measurements in a cylindrical phantom. Mandatory patient-specific treatment planning was performed as an object lesson to a patient with a laryngeal tumour and an artificial lymph node metastasis. Comfort tests with healthy volunteers have revealed that the applicator provides sufficient comfort to maintain in treatment position for an hour: the standard hyperthermia treatment duration in our centre. By phantom measurements, we established that a central focus in the neck can be obtained, with 50% iso-SAR lengths of 3.5 cm in transversal directions (x/y) and 9-11 cm in the axial direction (z). Using treatment planning by detailed electromagnetic simulations, we showed that the SAR pattern can be optimised to enable simultaneous encompassing of a primary laryngeal tumour and a lymph node metastasis at the 25% iso-SAR level. This study shows that the applicator enables a good control, and sufficient possibilities for optimisation, of the SAR pattern. In an ongoing clinical feasibility study, we will investigate the possibilities of heating various target regions in the neck with this apparatus.
[Immunological mechanism in development of allergic dermatitis in guinea pig induced by trichloroethylene in vitro]. (2005)

Cytotoxicity of TCE to normal lymphocytes and proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes were enhanced by metabolic activation. The metabolites of TCE may act as effective immune hapten to stimulate the proliferation of hapten-specific lymphocytes in TCE-sensitized animals.
Discovery of Novel c-Met Inhibitors Bearing a 3-Carboxyl Piperidin-2-one Scaffold (2014)

A series of compounds containing a novel 3-carboxypiperidin-2-one scaffold based on the lead structure BMS-777607 were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their c-Met kinase inhibition and cytotoxicity against MKN45 cancer cell lines. The results indicated that five compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effect on c-Met with IC50 values of 8.6-81 nM and four compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against MKN45 cell proliferation, with IC50s ranging from 0.57-16 μM.
High-Frequency Hearing Influences Lower-Frequency Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions (1999)

The findings suggest that UHF hearing influences DPOAEs at significantly lower frequencies because emissions are sensitive to subtle changes in outer hair cells not yet detected by pure-tone thresholds in this region or because alterations in the basal cochlea affect the generation of lower-frequency DPOAEs originating from more apical cochlear regions.
The Transactivation Domain within Cysteine/Histidine-rich Region 1 of CBP Comprises Two Novel Zinc-binding Modules (2000)

cAMP-response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) is a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with a number of DNA-binding proteins and cofactor proteins involved in the regulation of transcription. Relatively little is known about the structure of CBP, but it has been noted that it contains three domains that are rich in cysteine and histidine (CH1, CH2, and CH3). The sequence of CH2 conforms to that of a leukemia-associated protein domain (PHD finger), and it has been postulated that this and both CH1 and CH3 may be zinc finger domains. This has not, however, been demonstrated experimentally. We have studied CH1 and show that it is composed of two novel zinc-binding modules, which we term "zinc bundles." Each bundle contains the sequence Cys-X(4)-Cys-X(8)-His-X(3)-Cys, and we show that a synthetic peptide comprising one zinc bundle from CH1 can fold in a zinc-dependent manner. CH3 also appears to contain two zinc bundles, one with the variant sequence Cys-X(2)-Cys-X(9)-His-X(3)-Cys, and we demonstrate that this variant motif also undergoes Zn(II)-induced folding. CH1 acts as a transcriptional activation domain in cellular assays. We show that mutations in any of the four zinc-chelating residues in either zinc bundle of CH1 significantly impair this activity and that these mutations also interfere with certain protein-protein interactions mediated by CH1. Our results indicate that CBP is a genuine zinc-binding protein and introduce zinc bundles as novel protein interaction domains.
Mechanism of Interleukin-10 Inhibition of T-Helper Cell Activation by Superantigen at the Level of the Cell Cycle (1999)

We have analyzed the effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the entry of quiescent CD4+ T cells into the cell cycle upon stimulation with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). IL-10 arrested cells at G0/G1. IL-10 treatment prevented the downregulation of p27Kip1, an inhibitory protein that controls progression out of the G0 phase of the cell cycle. IL-10 also prevented the upregulation of the G1 cyclins D2 and D3, proteins necessary for entry and progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Associated with the inhibition of the cell cycle, IL-10 suppressed SEB induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Addition of exogenous IL-2 to IL-10–treated cells significantly reversed the antiproliferative effects of IL-10. Moreover, IL-10 effects on the early G1proteins p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 were similarly reversed by exogenous IL-2. Although this reversal by IL-2 was pronounced, it was not complete, suggesting that IL-10 may have some effects not directly related to the suppression of IL-2 production. Cell separation experiments suggest that IL-10 can effect purified CD4+ T cells directly, providing functional evidence for the presence of IL-10 receptors on CD4+ T cells. IL-10 also inhibited expression of IL-2 transcriptional regulators c-fos and c-jun, which also inhibit other cell functions. Our studies show that the mechanism of IL-10 regulation of quiescent CD4+ T-cell activation is mainly by blocking induction of IL-2 that is critical to downregulation of p27Kip1 and upregulation of D cyclins in T-cell activation and entry into the cell cycle.
Comment on “Field-controlled suppression of phonon-induced transitions in coupled quantum dots” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 4729 (2004)] (2006)

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Activation-induced cell death in T cell hybridomas is due to apoptosis. Morphologic aspects and DNA fragmentation. (1990)

Some T cell hybridomas, upon activation via the TCR, rapidly undergo cell death. In this paper, we demonstrate that this activation-induced cell death (AICD) is accompanied by morphologic changes seen at the electron and light microscopy levels. The most striking changes are an extensive condensation of the chromatin and formation of membrane blebs. In addition to the morphologic changes, a significant portion of genomic DNA is broken at an interval of approximately 200 bp, producing a ladder of oligonucleosome-sized fragments after gel electrophoresis. Taken together, these observations indicate that AICD proceeds via apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This is additionally supported by the observation that AICD-associated phenomena are at least partially inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Curiously, AICD and its associated DNA fragmentation are completely inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid, a known nuclease inhibitor. The possible relationship between AICD in vitro, and the negative selection process (wherein selection may proceed via AICD of developing, autoreactive thymocytes) is discussed.
Sign language generation system using optical disk unit. (1990)

A system which can recognize speech and generate a corresponding animation-like sign language sequence in real time has previously been developed and implemented in a popular personal computer with a floppy disk unit and a voice recognition board which recognizes only the registered voice of a specific speaker.
Light and Electron Microscopy Observation on Soft Tissue in Long Lengthened Leg of Goat (1996)

Objective:To study the response of soft tissue in lengthened leg.left tibiasin 35 goats.Diaphyseal corticotomy was performed on the left tibia of 35 goats and distraction was carried out by llizarov's method.Soft tissue specimens from distractive region were fixed with 2.5% glutaradehyde and stained by HE.The legs were lengthened by 30%in 6～7 weeks after corticotomy.Results:Smooth muscle in tunica media of the blood vessel and Schwann's cell of peripheral nerve showed obvious proliferation,and the myelin sheath remained intact.The appendages of skin,such as hair follicles,increased considerably in number,but the sebaceous glands hypertrophied.New myoblasrs were found.Conclusion:A slow and gradual distraction is beneficial to restore the tissues.

Key words: 
Leg lengthening; Soft tissue; Microscope
Experiences with a Service Environment for Distributed Multimedia Applications. (1997)

NRC publication: Yes
Cloning of GT Box-Binding Proteins: A Novel Spl Multigene Family Regulating T-Cell Receptor Gene Expression (1992)

Analysis of a T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha promoter from a variable gene segment (V) revealed a critical GT box element which is also found in upstream regions of several V alpha genes, TCR enhancer, and regulatory elements of other genes. This element is necessary for TCR gene expression and binds several proteins. These GT box-binding proteins were identified as members of a novel Sp1 multigene family. Two of them, which we term Sp2 and Sp3, were cloned. Sp2 and Sp3 contain zinc fingers and transactivation domains similar to those of Sp1. Like Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 are expressed ubiquitously, and their in vitro-translated products bind to the GT box in TCR V alpha promoters. Sp3, in particular, also binds to the Sp1 consensus sequence GC box and has binding activity similar to that of Sp1. As the GT box has also previously been shown to play a role in gene regulation of other genes, these newly isolated Sp2 and Sp3 proteins might regulate expression not only of the TCR gene but of other genes as well.
Allylsilane-Terminated Approach to Calicheamicin Model Systems (1992)

An organometallic route to bicyclic enediynes using iron-, copper-, silicon-, and palladium-mediated reactions is reported. The key step involves a Lewis acid promted Sakurai reaction of a conjugated allylsilane 7, which proceeded regio- and stereo-specifically. The bicyclic cross-conjugated enediyne 10 (12,12-ethylenedioxy-8-methylenebicyclo[8.3.1]tridec-4-ene-2,6-diyne) represents a model compound for the DNA cleaving calicheamicins.
A growth-related mRNA in cultured mouse cells encodes a placental calcium binding protein (1987)

We have characterized an mRNA that increases in abundance after serum stimulation of quiescent mouse fibroblasts. This mRNA, designated 18A2, encodes a predicted polypeptide of 101 amino acids with homology to known calcium binding proteins. A variety of mouse tissues express the 18A2 mRNA, with the highest levels detected in the non-pregnant uterus and in the placenta. The concentration of 18A2 mRNA in total placental RNA decreases from day 8 to day 10 of pregnancy, and is below detection throughout the latter half of gestation. In serum-stimulated fibroblasts, the increase in 18A2 mRNA is dependent on protein synthesis. The 18A2 mRNA is similar in size, serum-inducibility, and sequence to the 2A9 mRNA (1), but these mRNAs are derived from distinct genes. This suggests that the mouse genome harbors a family of serum-inducible genes encoding proteins predicted to bind calcium.