gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Preparation and analysis of pure type II collagen from porcine articular cartilage]. (2001)

This investigation was aimed at the preparation of pure type II collagen from porcine articular cartilage and the feasible method for producing type II collagen in bulk. After dispersal of the porcine articular cartilage, the proteoglycans were extracted by guanidinium hydrochloride and dissolved by pepsin in acid solvent. The contaminants including denatured and degraded protein and other collagen was removed via the repeated procedure of purification. For obtaining the purer type II collagen, the chromatography with sepharose H. P. Column was also used. The purity of the sample was compared with the type II collagen produced by Sigma Company. Both type II collagens were characterized by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and maximal violet chromatography, and all of the results accorded with the standard photograph in the references. The purity of the sample was higher than that of the product of Sigma Company. This prepared collagen of type II is a product of high purity. The raw materials are the common porcine articular cartilage, which is rich in resource and low in cost. Therefore, it is suitable to produce type II collagen in batches.
Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy Show Structural—Functional Relationships that Are Similar to Type 1 Disease (2000)

Glomerular structural-functional relationships were investigated in 21 type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria. Structural parameters were quantified using both light and electron microscopy and standard stereologic techniques. Data were also available on 14 nondiabetic subjects. Mesangial and matrix volume fractions and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width were increased in type 2 patients when compared with nondiabetic subjects (mean +/- SD: 0.45 +/- 0.13 versus 0.18 +/- 0.03, P: < 0.001; 0.28 +/- 0.09 versus 0.10 +/- 0.02, P: < 0.001; and 665 +/- 138 versus 361 +/- 51 nm, P: < 0. 001, respectively). An increase in mesangial volume fraction was associated with high levels of proteinuria and low creatinine clearance (r = 0.64, P: = 0.002; r = -0.58, P: = 0.006, respectively). GBM width and mesangial foot process width (FPW(mes)) also correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.58, P: = 0.006; r = 0.60, P: = 0.004, respectively). Volume fraction of interstitium correlated with creatinine clearance (r = -0.58, P: = 0.006). Patients had previously been defined by light microscopy as having either diffuse or nodular glomerulosclerosis; those with nodules had larger mesangial and matrix volume fractions and more proteinuria than those classified as diffuse (mean +/- SD: 0.51 +/- 0.12 versus 0.36 +/- 0.08, P: = 0.007; 0.32 +/- 0.08 versus 0.21 +/- 0.05, P: = 0. 003; median, range: 4.3, 1.1 to 9.6 versus 1.1, 0.9 to 12.7 g/24 h, P: = 0.027). Creatinine clearance did not differ significantly between the groups. Type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria have established glomerulopathy, which is more advanced in those with nodular glomerulosclerosis. Creatinine clearance correlated with both mesangial and interstitial expansion, whereas proteinuria correlated only with glomerular pathology. These results suggest that type 2 patients with advanced nephropathy have structural-functional relationships similar to type 1, consistent with a common pathogenesis, and strongly support an important role of the tubulointerstitium in the role of renal impairment.
Distance Estimation and Positioning Based on Bluetooth Low Energy Technology (2015)

This thesis deals with location determining, also known as positioning, using Bluetooth Low energy radio. The goal is to implement a low power low cost indoor positioning system which utilize existing hardware. Two main methods are investigated and their viability assessed. Previous efforts with indoor positioning systems concentrate on statistical fingerprinting methods, mainly using 802.11 (WLAN) as the platform. Some efforts have been made with purely signal strength based positioning, but indoor environments have shown to work unfavorably for these kinds of methods.
Induction of Differentiation by Pyruvate and DMEM in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Line ARPE-19 (2011)

This study demonstrated important differentiation markers, including pigmentation and Western blots of RPE65 protein, and showed human POS phagocytosis in ARPE-19 cultures using a simple differentiation protocol. The results favor the use of high-glucose DMEM with pyruvate for future RPE differentiation studies.
pH Effect on the Photochemistry of 4-Methylcoumarin Phosphate Esters: Caged-Phosphate Case Study (2010)

There are numerous reports of coumarin ester derivatives, in particular phosphate esters, as photocleavable cages in biological systems. Despite the comprehensive analysis of the photocleavage mechanism, studies of 4-methylcoumarin caged phosphates and/or nucleotides were always performed at constant pH. In this work, we present the study of the pH effect on the photochemistry of (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methyl phosphate (DEACM-P). Fluorescence and photocleavage quantum yields, as well as the fluorescence decay times were measured as a function of the pH. It was found that the pH produces significant changes in the overall photochemical quantum yield of DEACM-P, and the observed changes are complementary to those obtained from the fluorescence quantum yield. Deprotonation of DEACM-HPO(4)(-) to yield DEACM-PO(4)(2-), produces a decrease in the photochemical quantum yield (from 0.0045 to 0.0003) and an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (from 0.072 to 0.092). Moreover, from the analysis of the decay times, we have also found that hydroxyl ion is not only relevant, but it is mechanistically involved in the photoreaction of DEACM-HPO(4)(-).
Functional reactivity of WT31 monoclonal antibody with T cell receptor-<i>gamma</i> expressing CD3+4-8- T cells. (1988)

About 3% of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes have the phenotype CD3+4-8-. The vast majority of these cells lack the conventional TCR-alpha-, beta complex but express the recently identified TCR-gamma, delta/CD3 receptor complex. These TCR gamma+/CD3+ cells were initially discovered by using as a criterion the lack of reactivity with WT31 mAb. This mAb has been reported to recognize a "framework" epitope on the TCR-alpha, beta/CD3 complex. However, using high concentrations of WT31 mAb, low levels of reactivity with the cell membrane of TCR-gamma+ cells can be observed. This reactivity was significantly increased upon removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase. In addition, WT31 mAb is capable to induce lysis by TCR-gamma+ clones. Moreover, immunoprecipitation with WT31 by using cell lysates prepared with the mild detergent digitonin resulted in the isolation of the intact TCR-gamma/CD3 complex. Thus, in contrast to what was previously assumed, WT31 mAb also reacts with a functional epitope present on gamma, delta/CD3 T cells, and therefore lack of reactivity with WT31 mAb is not always a proper hallmark for TCR-gamma-expressing cells.
Down-regulation of a single auxin efflux transport protein in tomato induces precocious fruit development (2012)

The PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transport protein family has been well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, where these proteins are crucial for auxin regulation of various aspects of plant development. Recent evidence indicates that PIN proteins may play a role in fruit set and early fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), but functional analyses of PIN-silenced plants failed to corroborate this hypothesis. Here it is demonstrated that silencing specifically the tomato SlPIN4 gene, which is predominantly expressed in tomato flower bud and young developing fruit, leads to parthenocarpic fruits due to precocious fruit development before fertilization. This phenotype was associated with only slight modifications of auxin homeostasis at early stages of flower bud development and with minor alterations of ARF and Aux/IAA gene expression. However, microarray transcriptome analysis and large-scale quantitative RT-PCR profiling of transcription factors in developing flower bud and fruit highlighted differentially expressed regulatory genes, which are potential targets for auxin control of fruit set and development in tomato. In conclusion, this work provides clear evidence that the tomato PIN protein SlPIN4 plays a major role in auxin regulation of tomato fruit set, possibly by preventing precocious fruit development in the absence of pollination, and further gives new insights into the target genes involved in fruit set.
Mycobacterial Diseases Other Than Tuberculosis (1992)

The incidence of tuberculosis in the United States declined steadily until 1985, while at the same time, for at least the past 15 years, the frequency of disease attributable to other mycobacteria increased both in actual numbers and in the proportion of the total burden of mycobacterioses. Chronic pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, skin and soft-tissue involvement, and infections of the skeletal system were predominant, and the principal etiologic agents were Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium fortuitum/Mycobacterium chelonae complex, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Since 1986 disseminated disease has become not only more common, especially in association with opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS, but also attributable in part to the growing population of patients who are immunocompromised because of malignancy, receipt of an organ transplant, and administration of steroids. Treatment of these patients has been difficult because of the frequency of severe underlying conditions and the natural resistance of most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria to the presently available drugs.
Effects of Natural Chelating Agents on the Solubility of Some Physiologically Important Mineral Elements in Oat Bran and Oat Flakes (2000)

ABSTRACT The solubility of mineral elements from oat bran and flake samples was studied by a method using equilibrium dialysis after enzymatic digestion of starch and proteins. The effects of six potential chelating agents common in food were tested on the solubility of mineral elements. The minerals studied were calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and potassium, and the chelating agents were citric, lactic, malic, and ascorbic acids, glucose and xylitol. The mineral elements were tightly bound to the dietary fiber of the samples. Bran fiber bound even the zinc and calcium contributed through the enzymes used. Adding citric, malic, or lactic acids increased the solubility of the mineral elements studied, except for potassium which was easily dialyzable as such. Iron was insoluble in all situations. Citric acid was the most efficient chelating agent in solubilizing the mineral elements. The effect of malic and lactic acids on the solubility of minerals was small. No effect was found with glucose, ascorbic acid, and xylitol. Thus, the intestinal availability of mineral elements may be affected by dietary hydroxy acids such as citric and malic acids in high dietary fiber diets.
How to (Properly) Evaluate Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings: On Strong Baselines, Comparative Analyses, and Some Misconceptions (2019)

Cross-lingual word embeddings (CLEs) enable multilingual modeling of meaning and facilitate cross-lingual transfer of NLP models. Despite their ubiquitous usage in downstream tasks, recent increasingly popular projection-based CLE models are almost exclusively evaluated on a single task only: bilingual lexicon induction (BLI). Even BLI evaluations vary greatly, hindering our ability to correctly interpret performance and properties of different CLE models. In this work, we make the first step towards a comprehensive evaluation of cross-lingual word embeddings. We thoroughly evaluate both supervised and unsupervised CLE models on a large number of language pairs in the BLI task and three downstream tasks, providing new insights concerning the ability of cutting-edge CLE models to support cross-lingual NLP. We empirically demonstrate that the performance of CLE models largely depends on the task at hand and that optimizing CLE models for BLI can result in deteriorated downstream performance. We indicate the most robust supervised and unsupervised CLE models and emphasize the need to reassess existing baselines, which still display competitive performance across the board. We hope that our work will catalyze further work on CLE evaluation and model analysis.
Chronic Pain Protective Behavior Detection with Deep Learning (2021)

In chronic pain rehabilitation, physiotherapists adapt physical activity to patients’ performance based on their expression of protective behavior, gradually exposing them to feared but harmless and essential everyday activities. As rehabilitation moves outside the clinic, technology should automatically detect such behavior to provide similar support. Previous works have shown the feasibility of automatic protective behavior detection (PBD) within a specific activity. In this article, we investigate the use of deep learning for PBD across activity types, using wearable motion capture and surface electromyography data collected from healthy participants and people with chronic pain. We approach the problem by continuously detecting protective behavior within an activity rather than estimating its overall presence. The best performance reaches mean F1 score of 0.82 with leave-one-subject-out cross validation. When protective behavior is modeled per activity type, performance achieves a mean F1 score of 0.77 for bend-down, 0.81 for one-leg-stand, 0.72 for sit-to-stand, 0.83 for stand-to-sit, and 0.67 for reach-forward. This performance reaches excellent level of agreement with the average experts’ rating performance suggesting potential for personalized chronic pain management at home. We analyze various parameters characterizing our approach to understand how the results could generalize to other PBD datasets and different levels of ground truth granularity.
MEMS Switch Reliability and Power Handling (2003)

This chapter covers some basic physics related to dielectric charging, metal contacts, power handling, and temperature rise in the switches, and it summarizes the recent reliability results obtained by the RF MEMS community.
Front side protection layer for improved reliability of wafer-level packages (2009)

This paper will describe a new technique to increase the reliability of wafer-level packages (WLPs). The technique enables the placement of a protective coating around the solder balls using a maskless process and provides improved reliability performance as compared to unprotected devices. In addition, the unbonded devices allow for easier handling. This approach also minimizes form factor requirements associated with the use of traditional capillary underfills. Feasibility studies and preliminary performance results are presented in this paper.
Adaptive Connectivity Management for Hybrid Wireless and Mobile Networking Environment (2006)

The adaptive management of heterogeneous wireless networks is crucial to the emerging pervasive computing paradigm. A lot of research has been carried out for the management of wireless multiaccess systems. However, little research considers a hybrid wireless environment in which the networking resources include both infrastructured backbone and dynamic ad hoc infrastructureless connectivity. This paper proposes an architecture for the adaptive connectivity management of hybrid wireless networking resources that is available to user's mobile device. Channel is introduced to wrap hybrid networking resources. The adaptations include to choose the best connection for channel creation, and to perform channel connection switching when network situation is changes. Detailed design is described in the paper
Wave Equation Based Multiple Modelling - Comparison of Nominal and Dense Acquisition Geometries (2006)

Marine seismic data acquired over seafloors with rough topography are characterized by the presence of complicated multiple energy patterns. We present a model-based surface-related multiple modelling technique free from any constraint relating to the shot position and distribution. This technique may require streamer interpolation/extrapolation, but does not require any sail lines reconstructions. We are comparing results with conventional and dense acquisition geometries on a Norwegian Sea dataset. The sail lines were shot with 50% overlap for testing of 3D SRME techniques with special attention to the acquisition geometry. The results achieved with nominal and dense acquisition geometries are equivalent, as a consequence the proposed approach does not require dense cross sail line acquisition geometries neither dense cross sail line data reconstruction.
Redundant logarithmic number systems (2003)

A new number system that offers advantages over conventional floating-point and sign/logarithm number systems is described. Called redundant logarithmic arithmetic, it relies, like conventional logarithmic arithmetic, on table lookups to make the arithmetic unit simpler than an equivalent floating-point unit. The cost of 32-b subtraction in a redundant logarithmic number system is lower than that of previously published logarithmic subtraction methods. Another advantage of a redundant logarithmic number system is that a single arithmetic unit can use the same hardware to add, subtract, or multiply in similar times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy in rats (2009)

Pretreatment with CoQ10 (100 mg/kg) for 18 days was associated with moderate protection against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy, and with lower myocardial injury by preserving endogenous antioxidants and reducing LPO in rat heart.
Analysis of Feedback Control CPU Scheduling in Virtualized Environment to Resolve Network I/O Performance Interference (2017)

가상화 기술은 물리머신의 자원을 다수의 가상머신이 공유하여 유휴 자원을 활용할 수 있도록 한다. 가상화 기술의 핵심은 가상머신 간의 효율적인 자원 분배에 있다. 그러나 현재의 가상화 환경에서는 가상머신에서 수행되는 작업의 특성을 파악할 수 없기 때문에 효율적인 자원 분배가 어렵다. 비효율적인 자원 분배는 가상머신 간의 성능 간섭을 발생시켜 가상머신의 성능 저하를 야기한다. 가상머신 간 성능간섭 현상을 해결하기 위해 다양한 연구들이 진행되었다. 본 논문은 가상머신 성능 간섭 현상 해결을 위한 대표적인 방법인 피드백 제어를 활용하여 I/O 성능을 보장하는 CPU 스케줄링 기법을 소개하고, 특히 모델기반 피드백 제어 방식과 동적 피드백 제어 방식을 비교 분석한다.
Reaktion der Zellkerne auf Narkotika (1947)

Es wurde der Einfluß von Äther- und Alkoholnarkosen auf die Größe der Kernvolumina von motorischen Vorderhornzellen und Basalzellen der Epidermis bei Teinporarien untersucht. Die lähmende Wirkung der Narkose äußert sich in einer Schrumpfung der Kerne, während prä- und postnarkotischer Reizzustand eine Vergrößerung der Kerninhalte hervorrufen. Damit wird die Kerngröße zu einem Indikator der Zellaktivität und die Kernvolumenmessung zu einer Methode, die geeignet ist, manche Probleme der Zelltätigkeit zu lösen.
Supporting Test Suite Evolution through Test Case Adaptation (2012)

Software systems evolve during development and maintenance, and many test cases designed for the early versions of the system become obsolete during the software lifecycle. Repairing test cases that do not compile due to changes in the code under test and generating new test cases to test the changed code is an expensive and time consuming activity that could benefit from automated approaches. In this paper we propose an approach for automatically repairing and generating test cases during software evolution. Differently from existing approaches to test case generation, our approach uses information available in existing test cases, defines a set of heuristics to repair test cases invalidated by changes in the software, and generate new test cases for evolved software. The results obtained with a prototype implementation of the technique show that the approach can effectively maintain evolving test suites, and perform well compared to competing approaches.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Optically Active Norephedrine, Norpseudoephedrine and Cathinone via Double Asymmetric Induction (2003)

New and facile synthetic routes for preparation of optically active norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine and cathinone with high optical purities via double asymmetric induction by employing asymmetric reduction of 2-N-protected amino (or azido)-1-phenylpropanone and 2-methanesulfonyloxy-1-phenylpropanone with CBS-catalyzed-borane and <TEX>$^dIpc_2BCl$</TEX> as chiral reducing agents are described.
III. Physiological Implications of the Bile Salt‐Stimulated Lipase (1975)

Human milk contains a bile salt-stimulated lipase in amounts that, at pH 6.5 and in the presence of bile salts, might account for a total hydrolysis of the milk triacylglycerols in less than 30 min. In the absence of bile salts the enzyme has no activity against milk fat or against emulsified trioleylglycerol. The primary bile salts sodium cholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate and their taurine and glycine conjugates, but not the secondary bile salt sodium deoxycholate or its taurine and glycine conjugates, caused a pronounced activation of the enzyme against emulsified trioleylglycerol. The lipase was stable at pH 3.5 and 37 degrees C for 1 hour. It was inactivated when incubated with trypsin or chymotrypsin at pH 6.5 but these inactivations were almost abolished in the presence of bile salts. High concentrations of pepsin slowly inactivated the enzyme at pH 4.0. The bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk is thus stable enough to be active in the intestine, and it is present in high enough activity to contribute significantly to the hydrolysis of the milk triaclyglycerols in the intestine.
External axial rotary piston blower with noise suppressing transfer ports (1989)

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BET inhibitors block pancreatic stellate cell collagen I production and attenuate fibrosis in vivo (2017)

The fibrotic reaction, which can account for over 70%-80% of the tumor mass, is a characteristic feature of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. It is associated with activation and proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are key regulators of collagen I production and fibrosis in vivo. In this report, we show that members of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins are expressed in primary PSCs isolated from human PDAC tumors, with BRD4 positively regulating, and BRD2 and BRD3 negatively regulating, collagen I expression in primary cancer-associated PSCs. We show that the inhibitory effect of pan-BET inhibitors on collagen I expression in primary cancer-associated PSCs is through blocking of BRD4 function. Importantly, we show that FOSL1 is repressed by BRD4 in primary cancer-associated PSCs and negatively regulates collagen I expression. While BET inhibitors do not affect viability or induce PSC apoptosis or senescence, BET inhibitors induce primary cancer-associated PSCs to become quiescent. Finally, we show that BET inhibitors attenuate stellate cell activation, fibrosis, and collagen I production in the EL-Kras<sup>G12D</sup> transgenic mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis. Our results demonstrate that BET inhibitors regulate fibrosis by modulating the activation and function of cancer-associated PSCs.