gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza flavonoida planike - Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae) (2005)

The leaves and fruits of strawberry tree – Arbutus unedo L., collected from two separate geographic locations in Croatia were investigated to determine their flavonoid composition and content. Quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside and rutin were identified in all leaf samples by means of thin-layer chromatography; the fruits contained only isoquercitrin. Chlorogenic acid was present in some leaf samples. The content of flavonoids depended on the plant organ investigated, date of collection and the locality. Spectrophotometric determination of the flavonoids indicated that the leaves are richer in flavonoids (0.52-2.00%) than in fruits (0.10-0.29%).
[Chemokine and chemokine receptor gene families--a phylogenetic study]. (2000)

In this study, the phylogenetic trees of chemokines and chemokine receptors are produced, based on distance parsimonious method, using available amino acid sequences from GenBank. The divergence of chemokine or chemokine receptors was earlier than the divergence of vertebrates. While the divergence of homologous genes from different species is in well congruent with phylogenetic relationship of those species. The molecular evolutionary rates of chemokine receptor genes are different, with CXCR4 gene scored the lowest. Chemokines and chemokine receptors originated from few ancient genes. The similarity between the virus encoded chemokines or chemokine receptors with those of host genes is a consequence of evolutionary mimicry.
Suction disk performance of echeneid fishes (2006)

The anatomy of the suction disk of two species of echeneid fishes, Echeneis naucrates L., 1758 and E. neucratoides Zuiew, 1786, is described, and measurements of their suction performance on both smooth and textured surfaces are given. Disk muscles erect or depress the numerous paired laminae, or toothed plates, which bear two to four rows of posteriorly directed spinules. The erect laminae create a sub-ambient chamber, allowing these fishes to adhere to other fish and inanimate objects. Resting sub-ambient suction pressure differentials were recorded, as were the greatest sub-ambient pressure differentials as the fish were pulled posteriorly to simulate drag induced by a swimming host. The resting pressure differential averaged –0.5 kPa, with no significant difference between Plexiglas ® and shark skin surfaces. With a force applied to their caudal peduncle, the echeneids generated suction pressure differentials averaging –92.7 kPa within the disk cavity while attached to Plexiglas. On shark skin, the use of spinules increased friction and reduced the maximum sub-ambient suction pressure differential to –46.6 kPa; considerably more force (17.4 N) was required to dislodge the echeneids from the shark skin than from the smooth Plexiglas (11.2 N).
Antitumor effects of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water are enhanced by coexistent platinum colloid and the combined hyperthermia with apoptosis-like cell death (2010)

In order to erase reactive oxygen species (ROS) related with the proliferation of tumor cells by reducing activity of hydrogen, we developed functional water containing nano-bubbles (diameters: <900 nm for 71%/population) hydrogen of 1.1-1.5 ppm (the theoretical maximum: 1.6 ppm) with a reducing ability (an oxidation-reduction potential -650 mV, normal water: +100-200 mV) using a microporous-filter hydrogen-jetting device. We showed that hydrogen water erased ROS indispensable for tumor cell growth by ESR/spin trap, the redox indicator CDCFH-DA assay, and was cytotoxic to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as assessed by WST-8 assay, crystal violet dye stain and scanning electron microscopy, after 24-h or 48-h incubation sequent to warming at 37°C or 42°C. Hydrogen water supplemented with platinum colloid (0.3 ppm Pt in 4% polyvinylpyrrolidone) had more antitumor activity than hydrogen water alone, mineral water alone (15.6%), hydrogen water plus mineral water, or platinum colloid alone as observed by decreased cell numbers, cell shrinkage and pycnosis (nuclear condensation)/karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation) indicative of apoptosis, together with cell deformation and disappearance of microvilli on the membrane surface. These antitumor effects were promoted by combination with hyperthermia at 42°C. Thus, the nano-bubble hydrogen water with platinum colloid is potent as an anti-tumor agent.
Treatment of Carious Lesions Using Self-Assembling Peptides (2018)

Modern approaches in caries treatment involve lesion management without tissue removal. Regenerative medicine focuses on replacing damaged tissues with biologically similar tissues. This article discusses the scientific evidence and clinical results for self-assembling peptides in modern caries management. The biomimetic remineralization promoted by self-assembling peptide P11-4 has been proven in vitro as an effective therapy for initial caries. P11-4 was rationally designed to promote formation of hydroxyapatite on its surface. The formulation was optimized to ensure the ability of monomeric P11-4 to penetrate past the subsurface lesions and assembly into a biomatrix within. Furthermore, P11-4 has shown that it assembles into fibers within carious lesions, and promotes the remineralization thereof. In a recent clinical study, the safety and efficacy of P11-4 in treatment of initial caries were evaluated. The additional effect of the application of P11-4 (Curodont Repair) was compared to the application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat) alone in active occlusal initial caries lesions on erupting permanent molars. In the 3- and 6-month recalls, the test group showed, both in the laser fluorescence readings and in the clinical assessment of the caries stage and activity, significantly superior lesion regression compared to the control group. No adverse events, medical complications, or allergic reactions related to the treatments were reported. Clinical applicability of treatment was regarded as satisfactory. Patients were happy to receive noninvasive caries treatments. In conclusion, biomimetic mineralization facilitated by P11-4 in combination with fluoride may present a simple, safe, and effective noninvasive treatment for early carious lesions.
Focus path of a laser beam deflected by a prismatic polygon mirror: its calculation and optimization (1976)

The focus path of a laser beam deflected by a prismatic polygon mirror was calculated. It is shown that the larger the focal distance of the objective or the polygon radius, the closer the focus path approaches a straight scanning line. Especially in the case of small pattern scanning, a remarkably small deviation between actual focus path and straight scanning line can be achieved by suitable sizing and arrangement of the optical elements.
Optimisation of interpass temperature and heat input for wire and arc additive manufacturing 5A06 aluminium alloy (2016)

Undulated surface appearance and inconsistent layer cross-sectional dimensions are two common types of appearance defects, which are formed owing to insufficient heat input and nonlinear time-varying thermal boundary condition of molten pool. Appropriate interpass temperature control and heat input regulations are effective ways to realise and maintain the consistent thermal boundary condition during bottom-up additive manufacturing process. Equivalent heat dissipation factor is used to synthetically characterise the variation of heat dissipation in process of additive manufacturing. Combing with Rosenthal's analytical solution, a theoretical model is developed to optimise interpass temperature and heat input for each layer deposition, so as to realise stable additive manufacturing. Finally a specification for the wire and arc additive manufacture procedure was designed according to the developed model which was verified effectively by manufacturing a wall part. It could also be a process design reference for other kinds of metal additive manufacturing.
Proteolytic interstitial cell migration: a five-step process (2009)

Cell migration is a multi-step process that leads to the actin-driven translocation of cells on or through tissue substrate. Basic steps involved in cell migration have been defined for two-dimensional haptokinetic migration which, however, does not provide physical constraints imposed by three-dimensional interstitial tissues. We here describe the process of pericellular proteolysis that leads to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and realignment during cell movement and integrate it into established steps of cell migration. After actin-driven leading edge protrusion (step I) and anterior formation of integrin-mediated focal interactions to the substrate (step II), ECM breakdown is focalized towards physical ECM barriers several micrometer rearward of the leading edge (step III). Actomyosin-mediated cell contraction (step IV) then leads to rear-end retraction and forward sliding of cell body and nucleus so that a small tube-like matrix defect bordered by realigned ECM fibers becomes apparent (step V). Pericellular proteolysis is thus integral to the migration cycle and serves to widen ECM gaps and thereby lowers physical stress upon the cell body, which ultimately leads to aligned higher-oder ECM patterns.
Atiprimod inhibits the growth of mantle cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo and induces apoptosis via activating the mitochondrial pathways (2007)

Atiprimod is a novel cationic amphiphilic compound and has been shown to exert antimyeloma effects both in vitro and in mouse experiments. This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atiprimod on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and elucidate the mechanism by which it induces cell apoptosis. Atiprimod inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary tumor cells in vitro. More importantly, atiprimod significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. However, atiprimod also exhibited lower cytotoxicity toward normal lymphocytes. Atiprimod activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK) and up-regulated the level of Bax, Bad, and phosphorylated Bcl-2, resulting in release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation and cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. However, AIF, but not activation of caspases or PARP, was responsible for apoptosis in MCL cells because an AIF inhibitor, but not pan-caspase or paspase-9 inhibitors, completely abrogated atiprimod-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that atiprimod displays a strong anti-MCL activity. Cell apoptosis was induced mainly via activation of the AIF pathway. These results support the use of atiprimod as a potential agent in MCL chemotherapy.
Clinical Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction (2012)

Objective: To observe clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on acute cerebral infarction.Methods: Eighty-two patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into hyperbaric group and control group with 41 cases in each.Both patients in two groups were given conventional drugs,whereas the cases in the hyperbaric group were given additional hyperbaric oxygen treatment.After 2 courses of therapy,the curative effects of 2 groups were evaluated.And the activities of daily living(ADL) scores of 2 groups were assessed at the first and second course.Results: After 2 courses' treatment,the total effective rate of hyperbaric group was 92.68%,significantly higher than that in the control group(82.92%,P0.05).There were no significant difference in the ADL scores between the hyperbaric group and control group after 1 course treatment.Compare with ADL scores at admission,the ADL scores were significantly increased in both the groups after 2 courses(P0.05).furthermore,ADL scores in the hyperbaric group were significantly higher than those in the control group after 2 courses treatments(P0.05).Conclusion: Hyperbaric treatment combined with conventinoal treatment can improve the effect and daily life activities of patients with acute cerebral infarction.
Crystal structures of human procathepsin B at 3.2 and 3.3 Å resolution reveal an interaction motif between a papain‐like cysteine protease and its propeptide (1996)

A wild-type human procathepsin B was expressed, crystallized in two crystal forms and its crystal structure determined at 3.2 and 3.3 Angstroms resolution. The structure reveals that the propeptide folds on the cathepsin B surface, shielding the enzyme active site from exposure to solvent. The structure of the enzymatically active domains is virtually identical to that of the native enzyme [Musil et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 2321-2330]: the main difference is that the occluding loop residues are lifted above the body of the mature enzyme, supporting the propeptide structure.
Combing Triple-Part Features of Convolutional Neural Networks for Scene Classification in Remote Sensing (2019)

High spatial resolution remote sensing (HSRRS) images contain complex geometrical structures and spatial patterns, and thus HSRRS scene classification has become a significant challenge in the remote sensing community. In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods have attracted tremendous attention and obtained excellent performance in scene classification. However, traditional CNN-based methods focus on processing original red-green-blue (RGB) image-based features or CNN-based single-layer features to achieve the scene representation, and ignore that texture images or each layer of CNNs contain discriminating information. To address the above-mentioned drawbacks, a CaffeNet-based method termed CTFCNN is proposed to effectively explore the discriminating ability of a pre-trained CNN in this paper. At first, the pretrained CNN model is employed as a feature extractor to obtain convolutional features from multiple layers, fully connected (FC) features, and local binary pattern (LBP)-based FC features. Then, a new improved bag-of-view-word (iBoVW) coding method is developed to represent the discriminating information from each convolutional layer. Finally, weighted concatenation is employed to combine different features for classification. Experiments on the UC-Merced dataset and Aerial Image Dataset (AID) demonstrate that the proposed CTFCNN method performs significantly better than some state-of-the-art methods, and the overall accuracy can reach 98.44% and 94.91%, respectively. This indicates that the proposed framework can provide a discriminating description for HSRRS images.
Synergistic Action of a RAF Inhibitor and a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor in Thyroid Cancer (2011)

Combined blockade of ERK and PI3K signaling potently inhibits growth in preclinical models representing the key genotypes seen in refractory thyroid cancer. These targets and therapies are promising for further development in both differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers.
Timeline-Based Space Operations Scheduling with External Constraints (2010)

We describe a timeline-based scheduling algorithm developed for mission operations of the EO-1 earth observing satellite. We first describe the range of operational constraints for operations focusing on maneuver and thermal constraints that cannot be modeled in typical planner/schedulers. We then describe a greedy heuristic scheduling algorithm and compare its performance to both the prior scheduling algorithm - documenting an over 50% increase in scenes scheduled with estimated value of millions of dollars US. We also compare to a relaxed optimal scheduler showing that the greedy scheduler produces schedules with scene count within 15% of an upper bound on optimal schedules.
Array thinning by using antennas in a Fabry–Perot cavity for gain enhancement (2006)

A Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) between a ground plane and a partially reflective surface (PRS) is used here to design array antennas with large distance between the radiating elements. This configuration provides some advantages: i) a reduction of the number of array elements to achieve high directivity; ii) large space between contiguous elements that may host a bulky feeding network as required for dual polarization or active antennas; iii) small coupling and easy feeding network designs because of the smaller number of elements with larger inter-element distance. We show that when designing the FPC antenna a frequency shift of the gain maximum may occur, especially in this sparse array configuration. We also show the existence of preferred distances between elements that controls both the directivity and the side lobe level, and how the presence of the FPC and the relaxed requirement of the interelement distance result in a lower interelement coupling. The presented dual polarized antenna comprises two interleaved 2 x 2 arrays placed in a 2-layer FPC, and exhibits a 19 dBi gain and 30 dB of isolation between the two ports over an operating bandwidth of approximately 5.7%, i.e., typical for patch antennas.
Degradation products of fibrinogen by elastase-like neutral protease from human granulocytes. Characterization and effects on blood coagulation in vitro. (1978)

We investigated the effect of elastase-like neutral protease isolated from human granolocytes on human fibrinogen. Dependent on enzyme concentration and time of incubation, the elastase-like protease induced a progressive degradation of fibrinogen. Analysis of the remaining polypeptide chains showed a high susceptibility of the Aalpha- and low susceptibility of the gamma-chain of fibrinogen towards the proteolytic action of the enzyme. The split products were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. They showed antigenic determinants of fibrinogen and of plasmin-induced proteolysis products D and E. The cleavage fragments isolated by gel chromatography had distinct molecular weights. Coagulability of fibrinogen by thrombin was inhibited according to the concentration of the protease and the time of incubation. Split products of fibrinogen with higher molecular weight prolonged the coagulation time of native fibrinogen, whereas low molecular weight fragments were ineffective.
In Vivo Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution Studies in Mice of Alternative Formulations for Local and Systemic Delivery of Paclitaxel: Gel, Film, Prodrug, Liposomes and Micelles (2005)

The aim of this study was to increase the understanding on the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of paclitaxel as influenced by formulation approach. For this purpose, various formulations investigated in Swiss mice included liposomes, poloxamer 407 gel and chitosan film for subcutaneous route; and water-soluble methacrylate prodrug, liposomes and poloxamer micelles for systemic administration. During this study, the currently marketed formulation of Cremophor EL of paclitaxel was used as the reference. A highest plasma concentration following intravenous administration of paclitaxel was observed for rigid and 'Stealth((R))' liposomes containing the prodrug while, least was for covalently incorporated paclitaxel micelles. Further, poloxamer micelles demonstrated both the highest mean residence time of 7.34 h and volume of distribution (VSS=4.82 and VZ=5.87 L/kg) for paclitaxel. This was followed by prodrug loaded 'Stealth' liposomes, which showed a mean residence time of 4.96 h but were least distributed into apparent physiological volume (VSS=2.12 and VZ=3.16 L/kg). These results clearly signify the role of formulation/excipient in drug disposition and possible interactions. Importantly, due to decrease in the clearance rate of drug, the area under curve values of paclitaxel increased by 1.64- and 2.5-fold for micellar and prodrug loaded 'Stealth' liposomal formulations, respectively over reference formulation. While thermoreversible gels served to decrease plasma concentration of paclitaxel (8-fold) after subcutaneous administration, systemic levels were totally absent after implantation of films. In tissue distribution studies, maximum percent of paclitaxel was observed in liver for reference formulation, conventional liposomes and micelles whereas highest levels of prodrug and 'Stealth((R))' liposomes were in kidney and spleen, respectively. The novel formulations significantly altered tissue accumulation profiles of paclitaxel relative to the reference formulation, for example, reduction in uptake by heart from liposomes and micelles, as well as the major recognition mechanism for elimination. It is proposed that a combination therapy with liposomes and micelles of paclitaxel for systemic delivery along with implantation of chitosan film for local delivery, may serve not only to improve patient compliance by obliterating the need to administer Cremophor EL, but also increase patient survival.
Steady-State Confinement of Non-neutral Plasmas by Rotating Electric Fields (1997)

We apply ``rotating wall'' electric fields to spin up a non-neutral plasma in a Penning-Malmberg trap, resulting in steady-state confinement (weeks) of up to ${10}^{9}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$ ions. The resulting ion columns can be near global thermal equilibrium, with near-uniform temperature and rotation frequency. The equilibrated plasma $\mathbf{E}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbf{B}$ rotation rate ${f}_{E}$ is observed to be somewhat less than the drive frequency ${f}_{w}$, with slip $\ensuremath{\Delta}f\ensuremath{\equiv}{f}_{w}{\ensuremath{-}f}_{E}$ depending on temperature as $\ensuremath{\Delta}f\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{1/2}$ for $0.05\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}5\mathrm{eV}$. Dynamic measurements of applied torque versus slip frequency show plasma spin up and compression for $\ensuremath{\Delta}f>0$ and plasma slowing and expansion for $\ensuremath{\Delta}f<0$. By gradually increasing ${f}_{w}$, density compression up to 20% of the Brillouin density limit has been achieved. Heating resonances and hysteresis in plasma parameters are also observed.
Fast Passivity Assessment for $S$-Parameter Rational Models Via a Half-Size Test Matrix (2008)

Rational models must be passive in order to ensure stable time domain simulations. The assessment of passivity properties is usually done via a Hamiltonian matrix that is associated with the state-space model, allowing precise characterization of passivity violations from its imaginary eigenvalues. The calculation of eigenvalues can be time consuming for large models as the matrix size is equal to twice the number of model states. In this paper, we derive for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameter models a new test matrix which is only half the size of the Hamiltonian matrix. This leads to savings in the eigenvalue computation time by a factor of nearly eight. The new test matrix takes into account that the model is symmetrical, in pole-residue form. Its application is demonstrated by three examples: a microwave filter, a package, and a synthetic model.
Low-threshold room-temperature Ga<inf>(1-x)</inf>Al<inf>x</inf>As/GaAs lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1977)

Low-threshold room-temperature Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</inf> Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> As/ GaAs double heterostructure lasers have been grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process. Studies have been made of the dependence of Jth upon the active layer thickness, d, and the mole fraction of Al, x, in the confinement layers. Values of Jth as low as 630A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been achieved for d ∼ 540Å and x ∼ 0.5.