gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trifurcate Feed-Forward Regulation of Age-Dependent Cell Death Involving <i>miR164</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2009)

Aging induces gradual yet massive cell death in higher organisms, including annual plants. Even so, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are barely known, despite the long-standing interest in this topic. Here, we demonstrate that ORE1, which is a NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor, positively regulates aging-induced cell death in Arabidopsis leaves. ORE1 expression is up-regulated concurrently with leaf aging by EIN2 but is negatively regulated by miR164. miR164 expression gradually decreases with aging through negative regulation by EIN2, which leads to the elaborate up-regulation of ORE1 expression. However, EIN2 still contributes to aging-induced cell death in the absence of ORE1. The trifurcate feed-forward pathway involving ORE1, miR164, and EIN2 provides a highly robust regulation to ensure that aging induces cell death in Arabidopsis leaves.
Reconfigurable front-end architectures and A/D converters for flexible wireless transceivers for 4G radios (2005)

Flexibility is a key feature in 4G telecom systems, where there is a demand for reconfigurable transceivers that can cope with multiple standards (cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.). Additionally, these transceivers should adapt to the environment (presence of received blockers or not, status of battery power levels, etc.) to minimize power consumption and optimize performance according to the needs of the customer and the desired quality of service. In addition, flexibility is required to cut the development time and cost to implement a new future standard into the 4G system. All this calls for a digitally controlled front-end architecture ("software-defined radio") with reconfigurable RF and analog baseband blocks controlled through digital programmable software. This poses serious challenges to the design of such reconfigurable yet power-efficient RF/analog blocks. For the analog-to-digital converters in the receiver, this comes down to designing a power- and area-efficient reconfigurable converter with variable bandwidth and dynamic range. The general requirements for such converters in 4G systems is described. This is then illustrated with the design of a reconfigurable continuous-time /spl Delta//spl Sigma/A/D converter with a pipelined multi-bit quantizer and 1-bit feedback. The chip has been realized in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. It has 3 different modes (20 MHz BW/58 dB SNDR, 4 MHz BW/60 dB SNDR, 0.2 MHz BW/70 dB SNDR). The chip has an active area of 0.9 mm/sup 2/ and the power consumption for the most demanding mode (20 MHz/58 dB) is 37 mW.
Antimicrobial Activity of Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Emulsifiers (1986)

ABSTRACT Six sucrose esters substituted to different degrees with a mixture of fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) were examined for antimicrobial properties. Growth and acid production of several lactic acid bacteria and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were not inhibited by 0.2% of the sucrose esters in the test medium. Antimycotic activity was detected against several mold species from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium , and Alternaria. The least substituted sucrose ester was the most active in reducing mold growth. Reduction of mold growth ranged from 37 to 91% with this ester at a 1% concentration. Inhibitory activity did not appear to be influenced by changes in pH. Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus was not affected by presence of 0.1% sucrose ester.
A Novel Black Tea Pigment and Two New Oxidation Products of Epigallocatechin-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (2005)

During tea fermentation, oxidation-reduction dismutation of a number of quinone metabolites of tea catechins yields numerous minor products, which make it difficult to separate and purify black tea polyphenols. In this study, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate was enzymatically oxidized and then the unstable quinone metabolites in the oxidation mixture were hydrogenated with 2-mercaptoethanol to reduce production of inseparable minor dismutation products. As a result, three new oxidation products including a new black tea pigment were isolated, and their structures were determined based on chemical and spectroscopic data. Dehydrotheasinensin AQ is a new reddish-orange pigment with a 1,2-diketone structure, and its presence in commercial black tea was confirmed. In addition, a new quinone dimer with a complex caged structure and a trimer of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate were also isolated and their production mechanisms are proposed. The presence of this trimer suggested participation of galloyl quinones in production of minor polyphenols in black tea.
<title>Target detection in a forest environment using spectral imagery</title> (1997)

Spectral imagery from the HYDICE instrument was analyzed for the purpose of target detection and identification. Data in the 0.4-2.5 micron wavelength range were acquired during the FOREST RADIANCE data collect. Data were analyzed from an area consisting of grassy fields and forest areas. A variety of targets were deployed in the field, with ground truth spectral measurements made. Analysis of reflectance data utilizing 'ground truth' and 'in-scene' spectra was conducted. The former suffered somewhat from inaccuracies in calibration, but training on subsets of the data allowed for relatively successful detection and classification in the remainder of the data. Spectral angle mapper and matched filter techniques were used. Both were successful in locating targets, but the later seemed to suffer more from 'false positives', though this may have been a function of thresholds set in the classification process.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent shedding of the p55 TNF receptor in a baboon model of bacteremia (1995)

We have tested the hypothesis that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a significant role in vivo in TNF receptor shedding and studied the release of TNF-binding protein 1 (TNF-BP1), the soluble fragment of the 55- to 60-kDa TNF alpha (TNF) receptor, in a baboon model of Escherichia coli bacteremia, using three different doses of bacteria in acute infection (8 h) experiments (n [animals] = 11) and a single dose in a subchronic infection (72 h) experiment. In the subchronic infection study, one group of animals (n = 6) was pretreated with a neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody to TNF (CB0006). Concentrations of TNF and TNF-BP1 in plasma were determined in specific, monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays. Untreated animals (n = 6) showed undetectable TNF concentrations (< 10 pg/ml at baseline), whereas TNF-BP1 levels in plasma were in the range of 2 ng/ml, similar to concentrations observed in humans. Infusion of bacteria resulted in a rapid, dose-dependent increase in plasma TNF concentrations that reached a maximal level after 2 h and returned to baseline within 6 h. TNF-BP1 concentrations also showed a dose-dependent increase to peak concentrations three- to fivefold above baseline within 2 h but, in contrast to TNF levels, remained significantly elevated for up to 48 h. In animals pretreated with antibody CB0006, circulating TNF was completely neutralized, and TNF-BP1 was significantly reduced. We conclude that TNF-BP1 is released in bacteremia and that release in vivo is partially dependent on the presence of TNF.
A new method to interconnect PCB layers in GHz frequency range (2002)

The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate a novel concept of an any-layer to any-layer interconnection technique in a large high-performance multi-layer board. The proposed technique introduces a true impedance-controlled wave-guide structure for interconnections between various layers, thus significantly reducing and even wholly eliminating the signal discontinuity. In addition, this structure offers good isolation and density characteristics, which enable routing more signals through a multi-layer PCB using the same number of layers. Moreover, the electrical performance of this structure is entirely independent of the hole diameter. The results of our theoretical and experimental studies of the signal performance of this structure show that the proposed technique enables one to improve the performance of circuit boards carrying digital signals at multi-gigabit speeds.
Bacterial community dynamics in two full-scale wastewater treatment systems with functional stability (2010)

The findings enrich the theory involving the relation between bacterial community dynamics and functional stability in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.
Soluble and Liquid‐Crystalline Ovalenes (2006)

The extremely persistent self-assembly of ovalene tetraesters (see picture) into liquid-crystalline columns from below room temperature to over 375 °C gives these first soluble derivatives of “circumnaphthalene”, one of the most stable mesophases known. The close contact of the large π systems within the columnar stacks and their good solubility makes these flexible disks promising tools for organic electronics.
Image-based fuzzy control system (2008)

A novel image-based fuzzy control (IBFC) scheme is developed to imitate the way humans use visual information to control objects. A CCD camera gathers images of the controlled plant, and a simple algorithm analyses the images. The proposed image analysis algorithm utilises image information more intuitively than visual servo control systems. The difference between a reference image and the current image is numerically expressed and directly used by a fuzzy control system using a human-like control law. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed IBFC scheme, it is applied to control an inverted pendulum system. Simulation results show that the IBFC system can achieve favourable tracking performance without prior knowledge of the controlled plant.
[Five days ceftibuten versus 10 days penicillin in the treatment of 2099 patients with A-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis]. (2001)

The clinical efficacy at the clinical end-point 7-9 days after end of treatment was 86.9% (419/482) for ceftibuten and 88.6% (1,198/1,352) for penicillin V. This result is statistically equivalent (P = 0.0152). Resolution of clinical symptoms was significantly faster in the ceftibuten group (P = 0.043/Fisher-Test) and compliance was significantly superior as well (P (0.001). Eradication of group A streptococci at an early control 2-4 days after end of treatment was not equivalent, 78.49% for ceftibuten and 84.42% for penicillin V (P = 0.5713). Both eradication rates were comparable 7-8 weeks after end of treatment (84.65%, 375/443 ceftibuten vs. 86.82%, 1,067/1,229 penicillin V), the difference not being significant. No cases of poststreptococcal sequelae, e.g. rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis, attributable to either ceftibuten or penicillin were observed in the course of the study.
The membrane and lipids as integral participants in signal transduction: lipid signal transduction for the non-lipid biochemist (2007)

Reviews of signal transduction have often focused on the cascades of protein kinases and protein phosphatases and their cytoplasmic substrates that become activated in response to extracellular signals. Lipids, lipid kinases, and lipid phosphatases have not received the same amount of attention as proteins in studies of signal transduction. However, lipids serve a variety of roles in signal transduction. They act as ligands that activate signal transduction pathways as well as mediators of signaling pathways, and lipids are the substrates of lipid kinases and lipid phosphatases. Cell membranes are the source of the lipids involved in signal transduction, but membranes also constitute lipid barriers that must be traversed by signal transduction pathways. The purpose of this review is to explore the magnitude and diversity of the roles of the cell membrane and lipids in signal transduction and to highlight the interrelatedness of families of lipid mediators in signal transduction.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND ANTI-TRUST: THE CASE OF PARMIGIANO REGGIANO AND GRANA PADANO (2003)

This paper focusses on the 1996ruling regarding the two largest dairy producer organizations, the Consorzio delParmigiano Reggiano (CPR) and the Consorzio del Grana Padano (CGP); both werefound guilty of uncompetitive behaviour by the Italian Antitrust Authority (IAA).The case has been quite controversial, wih suggestions that the anti trustlegislation, developed to address the needs of advanced industrial and servicesectors, may be poorly suited to interface with traditional and established practicesof the agricultural sector.Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano are the two most important cheeses inItaly by value of production and are considered true icons of Italy’s emphasis ontypical products of highest quality.The IAA started the case following the significant increase of the retail price of thetwo cheeses during 1994-95, which is illustrated in Figure 1. The main concern ofthe IAA was with the market coordination mechanism used by CPR and CGP to co-manage each other’s market share, through strict production quotas placed on eachdairy.
Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection (2019)

Type I interferon (IFNα/β) pathways are fine-tuned to elicit antiviral protection while minimizing immunopathology; however, the initiating stimuli, target tissues, and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using models of physiological and dysregulated IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR1) surface expression, we show here that IFNAR1-dependent signals set the steady-state IFN signature in both hematopoietic and stromal cells. Increased IFNAR1 levels promote a lung environment refractory to early influenza virus replication by elevating the baseline interferon signature. Commensal microbiota drive the IFN signature specifically in lung stroma, as shown by antibiotic treatment and fecal transplantation. Bone marrow chimera experiments identify lung stromal cells as crucially important for early antiviral immunity and stroma-immune cell interaction for late antiviral resistance. We propose that the microbiota-driven interferon signature in lung epithelia impedes early virus replication and that IFNAR1 surface levels fine-tune this signature. Our findings highlight the interplay between bacterial and viral exposure, with important implications for antibiotic use.
The organization and repair of DNA in the mammalian chromosome. III. Determination of the molecular weight of a mammalian native DNA (1977)

Abstract The necessary conditions for a unique solution of the sedimentation vs DNA molecular weight equations are considered and applied to the native DNA of the L5178Y mouse leukemia cell. A brief review and critique of the literature of sedimentation anomalies is given to demonstrate that such anomalies are not present in the data reported here. It is shown that the chromosomal DNA of L5178Y cells comes in uniform packages of 1.0 (0.5–2.0) × 10 10 daltons. All pieces are of an identical size which corresponds to the DNA content of about 1/13 the average chromatid. Both the size estimate and the number of such molecules/cell are confirmed by viscoelastometry. This DNA is shown to be free of radioactively demonstrable protein and/or lipid contaminants and of the same isopycnic density as T 4 DNA. Variance analysis is applied to determine the precision of all measurements and to pinpoint major sources of error. A relationship between [η] and M is derived for native DNA in 1.0 M NaCl. A necessary conclusion from these data is that mammalian chromosome models requiring degrees of polynemy greater than 16‐neme (in G 1 ) are incorrect (to the extent that the L5178Y cell is typical of mammalian cells).
3D discrete curvelet transform (2005)

In this paper, we present the first 3D discrete curvelet transform. This transform is an extension to the 2D transform described in Candes et al..1 The resulting curvelet frame preserves the important properties, such as parabolic scaling, tightness and sparse representation for singularities of codimension one. We describe three different implementations: in-core, out-of-core and MPI-based parallel implementations. Numerical results verify the desired properties of the 3D curvelets and demonstrate the efficiency of our implementations.
Dioxazaphosphocanes: Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity (1999)

Synthesis of dioxazaphosphocanes 2 and podands 3–7 is described. The formation of calcium complexes with compounds 3–7 was studied by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopies. These complexes are able to extract calcium from an aqueous phase to an organic one and were shown to transport this cation across a chloroformic thick membrane. Some of these compounds show a specific antibacterial activity on mycobacteria.
Breast Cancer DNA Methylation Profiles in Cancer Cells and Tumor Stroma: Association with HER-2/neu Status in Primary Breast Cancer (2006)

The HER-2/neu gene is amplified and overexpressed in 20% to 30% of invasive breast carcinomas and is associated with increased metastatic potential and less tamoxifen sensitivity. We generated the DNA methylation profiles of 143 human breast tumors and found significant differences in HER-2/neu expression and DNA methylation of five genes. For three of these five genes [PGR (coding for the progesterone receptor), HSD17B4 (coding for type 4 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an enzyme that mainly degrades active 17-beta-estradiol into inactive metabolites), and CDH13 (coding for H-cadherin)] a higher prevalence of DNA methylation in HER-2/neu-positive cancers was confirmed in an independent set of microdissected primary breast cancers. DNA methylation was not only present in cancer cells but also in the tumor stroma fraction. Of the isolated fractions in HER-2/neu-positive versus -negative cancers, 27.1% versus 10.5%, respectively, showed DNA methylation of the five genes (P = 0.011, Fisher's exact test). In Her-2++/+++ breast cancers, HSD17B4 mRNA expression was inversely associated with HSD17B4 methylation (P = 0.04). These data support the view that in addition to HER-2/neu-associated signaling, epigenetic changes in cancer as well as in tumor stroma cells might attribute to the specific biological features of HER-2/neu-positive cancers.
Adaptive Algorithm and Platform Selection for Visual Detection and Tracking (2016)

Computer vision algorithms are known to be extremely sensitive to the environmental conditions in which the data is captured, e.g., lighting conditions and target density. Tuning of parameters or choosing a completely new algorithm is often needed to achieve a certain performance level, especially when there is a limitation of the computation source. In this paper, we focus on this problem and propose a framework to adaptively select the "best" algorithm-parameter combination and the computation platform under performance and cost constraints at design time, and adapt the algorithms at runtime based on real-time inputs. This necessitates developing a mechanism to switch between different algorithms as the nature of the input video changes. Our proposed algorithm calculates a similarity function between a test video scenario and each training scenario, where the similarity calculation is based on learning a manifold of image features that is shared by both the training and test datasets. Similarity between training and test dataset indicates the same algorithm can be applied to both of them and achieve similar performance. We design a cost function with this similarity measure to find the most similar training scenario to the test data. The "best" algorithm under a given platform is obtained by selecting the algorithm with a specific parameter combination that performs the best on the corresponding training data. The proposed framework can be used first offline to choose the platform based on performance and cost constraints, and then online whereby the "best" algorithm is selected for each new incoming video segment for a given platform. In the experiments, we apply our algorithm to the problems of pedestrian detection and tracking. We show how to adaptively select platforms and algorithm-parameter combinations. Our results provide optimal performance on 3 publicly available datasets.
Effects of Bordetella pertussis infection on human respiratory epithelium in vivo and in vitro (1991)

Bordetella pertussis infection probably involves attachment to and destruction of ciliated epithelial cells, but most previous studies have used animal tissue. During an epidemic, nasal epithelial biopsy specimens of 15 children (aged 1 month to 3 1/2 years) with whooping cough were examined for ciliary beat frequency, percent ciliation of the epithelium, and ciliary and epithelial cell ultrastructure. In addition, the in vitro effects of filtrates from a 24-h broth culture and of tracheal cytotoxin derived from B. pertussis on human nasal tissue organ culture were measured. B. pertussis was cultured from nasal swabs from 12 children. The mean ciliary beat frequency of their nasal biopsy specimens, 11.3 Hz (range, 10.4 to 13.0 Hz) was similar to that found in biopsy specimens from 10 normal children (mean, 12.5 Hz; range, 11.8 to 13.5 Hz). The abnormalities of the epithelium observed in 14 of 15 patients were a reduction in the number of ciliated cells, an increase in the number of cells with sparse ciliation, an increase in the number of dead cells, and extrusion of cells from the epithelial surface. In vitro, neither culture filtrate nor tracheal cytotoxin had any acute effect on ciliary function, but culture filtrate and tracheal cytotoxin (1 and 5 microM, respectively) caused extrusion of cells from the epithelial surface of turbinate tissue, loss of ciliated cells, an increased frequency of sparsely ciliated cells, and toxic changes in some cells. These changes were dose dependent and progressive, and between 36 and 90 h ciliary beating ceased. The observations made with patient tissue confirm that B. pertussis infection damages ciliated epithelium, and the in vitro experiments suggest that tracheal cytotoxin may be responsible for the abnormalities observed in vivo.
Absolute QoS Differentiation in Optical Burst-Switched Networks (2004)

A number of schemes have been proposed for providing quality-of-service (QoS) differentiation in optical burst-switched (OBS) networks. Most existing schemes are based on a relative QoS model in which the service requirements for a given class of traffic are defined relative to the service requirements of another class of traffic. In this paper, we propose an absolute QoS model in OBS networks which ensures that the loss probability of the guaranteed traffic does not exceed a certain value. We describe two mechanisms for providing loss guarantees at OBS core nodes: an early dropping mechanism, which probabilistically drops the nonguaranteed traffic, and a wavelength grouping mechanism, which provisions necessary wavelengths for the guaranteed traffic. It is shown that integrating these two mechanisms outperforms the stand-alone schemes in providing loss guarantees, as well as reducing the loss experienced by the nonguaranteed traffic. We also discuss admission control and resource provisioning for OBS networks, and propose a path clustering technique to further improve the network-wide loss performance. We develop analytical loss models for the proposed schemes and verify the results by simulation.