gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Blood (1991)

Blood and plasma of humans and rats were analyzed for hydrogen peroxide. The samples were analyzed after deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, immediately after they were withdrawn from human volunteers or rats. A radio-isotopic technique based on peroxide-dependent decarboxylation of 1-14C-alpha-ketoacids and consequent liberation of 14CO2 was used. The results demonstrate the presence of micromolar levels of H2O2, both, in the plasma as well as in the whole blood. The values in the whole blood were substantially greater than the plasma. This was true for rats as well as humans. The presence of such significant quantities of H2O2 in the blood have been demonstrated for the first time. The investigation, therefore, opens a newer avenue of research on diseases purported to be related to the generation of oxygen radicals in vivo.
Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride In Water Catalyzed by Mineral-Supported Biomimetic Cobalt Macrocycles (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride In Water Catalyzed by Mineral-Supported Biomimetic Cobalt MacrocyclesLjerka. Ukrainczyk, Malama. Chibwe, Thomas J. Pinnavaia, and Stephen A. BoydCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2, 439–445Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00002a021https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypocretin (orexin) enhances neuron activity and cell synchrony in developing mouse GFP‐expressing locus coeruleus (2002)

The noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) play an important role in modulating arousal and selective attention. A similar function has been attributed to the hypocretin neurons of the hypothalamus which maintain a strong synaptic projection to the LC. As the LC can be difficult to detect in the embryonic and neonatal mouse brain, we used a new transgenic mouse with strong GFP expression in the LC under the regulation of a mouse prion promoter. GFP colocalized with immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase in sections and dispersed cultures of the LC, allowing visualization and whole cell or single‐unit recording from the LC in early stages of cellular development. GFP expression in the LC had no apparent effect on cellular physiology, including resting membrane potential, input resistance, spike threshold, depolarization‐induced spike frequency increase, current‐voltage relations, or hypocretin responses. In slices of the mature mouse and rat LC, hypocretin‐1 and −2 increased spike frequency, with hypocretin‐1 being an order of magnitude more potent. In the postnatal day (P) 0‐2 developing mouse slice during a developmental period when spikes could be elicited in some cells, other developing LC neurons showed rhythmic, subthreshold oscillations (≈1 Hz) in membrane potential (2.9‐7.4 mV amplitude); others were arrhythmic. Hypocretin‐1 depolarized the membrane potential, resulting in the appearance of spikes in developing LC cells that showed no spikes under control conditions. In the presence of TTX and glutamate receptor antagonists, hypocretin‐1‐mediated inward currents were blocked by substitution of choline‐Cl for NaCl, suggesting an excitatory mechanism based on an inward cation current. Hypocretin‐1 initiated strong regular membrane voltage oscillations in arrhythmic immature neurons. Hypocretin increased the temporal synchrony of action potentials studied with dual‐cell recording in P1‐P5 mouse LC slices, consistent with the view that synchrony of LC output, associated with improved cognitive performance, may be increased by hypocretin. Together these data suggest that the hypothalamus, via hypocretin projections, may therefore be in a position to enhance arousal and modulate plasticity in higher brain centres through the developing LC.
Neutron-Activated Gamma-Emission: Technology Review (2012)

Abstract : This report describes the technical basis for the technology in place using neutron-activated gamma-backscatter techniques. Commercially available systems are used. The details of the capabilities and differences in these systems can best be compared when the technical details are understood. The choices between types of electronic neutron generators are described. The types of gamma-detectors are described and compared. The analysis techniques that produce the results within minutes are compared for accuracy, reliability, statistical validity, and speed of acquisition. The potential for use in three identified concept of operations (CONOPS) are described.
<i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i> N04-0414 Harbors a VanD-Type Vancomycin Resistance Operon and Does Not Contain a <scp>d</scp> -Alanine: <scp>d</scp> -Alanine 2 ( <i>ddl2</i> ) Gene (2006)

Enterococcus gallinarum N04-0414 (MIC for vancomycin, 256 microg/ml) harbored a vanD-type vancomycin resistance operon as well as the intrinsic vanC1 operon. The D-Ala:D-Ala ligase 2 gene (ddl2) was not present in the strain, though it is found downstream of the vanS gene from the vanC operon in E. gallinarum ATCC 49573 and 19 other E. gallinarum strains tested.
Cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates, infants and young children (1994)

Part 1: Introduction & Historical Perspective Part 2: Evaluation of Noraml Physiology With Age Fetus Part 3: Physiological Manipulations Employed During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Part 4: Cannulation for Bypass Part 5: Hardware and Priming For Cardiopulmonary Bypass Part 6: Pathophysiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass & Its Relation To Age and Anomaly Part 7: Current Practice and Research Directions Part 8: Perfusion Protocols and Equipment
Multilingual sentence generation (2001)

This paper presents an overview of a robust, broad-coverage, and application-independent natural language generation system. It demonstrates how the different language generation components function within a multilingual Machine Translation (MT) system, using the languages that we are currently working on (English, Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese). Section 1 provides a system description. Section 2 focuses on the generation components and their core set of rules. Section 3 describes an additional layer of generation rules included to address applicationspecific issues. Section 4 provides a brief description of the evaluation method and results for the MT system of which our generation components are a part.
Phase II and pharmacological study of oral paclitaxel (Paxoral) plus ciclosporin in anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (2006)

Paclitaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer. Paclitaxel has high affinity for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (drug efflux pump) in the gastrointestinal tract causing low and variable oral bioavailability. Previously, we demonstrated that oral paclitaxel plus the P-gp inhibitor cyclosporin (CsA) is safe and results in adequate exposure to paclitaxel. This study evaluates the activity, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel combined with CsA in breast cancer patients. Patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer were given oral paclitaxel 90 mg m-2 combined with CsA 10 mg kg-1 (30 min prior to each paclitaxel administration) twice on one day, each week. Twenty-nine patients with a median age of 50 years were entered. All patients had received prior treatments, 25 had received prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and 19 had three or more metastatic sites. Total number of weekly administrations was 442 (median: 15/patient) and dose intensity of 97 mg m-2 week-1. Most patients needed treatment delay and 17 patients needed dose reductions. In intention to treat analysis, the overall response rate was 52%, the median time to progression was 6.5 months and overall survival was 16 months. The pharmacokinetics revealed moderate inter- and low intrapatient variability. Weekly oral paclitaxel, combined with CsA, is active in patients with advanced breast cancer.
Easy, accurate and reliable screening for SNPs by ion pair/reverse phase HPLC: simultaneous detection of factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T variants. (2003)

We have set up allele specific PCR in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography as a method to simultaneously detect three SNPs, factor V (G1691A), factor II/prothrombin (G20210A) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) genes, all suspected to be inherited risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. Allele specific multiplex PCR technique was used to generate PCR products of different sizes which were specific for each genotype analyzed in this study. PCR products were analyzed on the WAVE Nucleic Acid Analysis platform by means of a gradient ion pair/reverse phase chromatography without any further purification. This method allows concurrent genotyping of the PCR products of the three mutations within 8 minutes, clearly reduces working time and costs in a routine laboratory, and can easily be adapted to the analysis of any other SNP or the combination of different other SNPs. The assay established here has been validated on more than a hundred samples and gave correct and highly reproducible intra- and interday results, allowing the application of this easy, accurate and reliable test in routine settings and in clinical trials and epidemiological surveys.
Query expansion behavior within a thesaurus‐enhanced search environment: A user‐centered evaluation (2006)

Abstract The study reported here investigated the query expansion behavior of end‐users interacting with a thesaurus‐enhanced search system on the Web. Two groups, namely academic staff and postgraduate students, were recruited into this study. Data were collected from 90 searches performed by 30 users using the OVID interface to the CAB abstracts database. Data‐gathering techniques included questionnaires, screen capturing software, and interviews. The results presented here relate to issues of search‐topic and search‐term characteristics, number and types of expanded queries, usefulness of thesaurus terms, and behavioral differences between academic staff and postgraduate students in their interaction. The key conclusions drawn were that (a) academic staff chose more narrow and synonymous terms than did postgraduate students, who generally selected broader and related terms; (b) topic complexity affected users' interaction with the thesaurus in that complex topics required more query expansion and search term selection; (c) users' prior topic‐search experience appeared to have a significant effect on their selection and evaluation of thesaurus terms; (d) in 50% of the searches where additional terms were suggested from the thesaurus, users stated that they had not been aware of the terms at the beginning of the search; this observation was particularly noticeable in the case of postgraduate students.
Long-term Effects of Galantamine Treatment on Brain Functional Activities as Measured by PET in Alzheimer's Disease Patients (2011)

The effects of galantamine (16 to 24 mg/day) treatment on brain functional activities (blood flow and glucose metabolism) were examined in 18 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and nicotinic receptors and cognitive function. The study consisted of an initial double-blind phase of three months (short-term) followed by an open-label phase until twelve months after the beginning of the study (long-term). The AD patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) studies with the tracers [15O]-H2O for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at baseline, 3 weeks, 3 and 12 months treatment, and [18F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) for measurement of regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) at baseline and 12 months. A battery of neuropsychological assessments was performed on each patient in order to follow changes in cognition during the treatment period. Throughout the study, different cortical areas showed significant increases in rCBF after galantamine treatment. rCBF positively correlated with AChE activity, nicotinic receptors and cognition. In addition to these positive changes, an increase in rCMRglc in the frontal brain region and stabilization in other cortical areas was observed after 12 months galantamine treatment. This stabilization in rCMRglc was also correlated with a stabilization of cognition. Our results ultimately suggest that treatment with galantamine has a long-term positive effect on brain perfusion and rCMRglc and stabilizes cognition.
A New Suzuki−Heck-Type Coupling Cascade:  Indeno[1,2,3]-Annelation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (2003)

Under palladium catalysis, o-bromobenzeneboronic acid can be coupled with 1-bromonaphthalene (6) and with oligocyclic bromoarenes to furnish indeno-annelated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1-4 and 25 in a single operation in moderate to good yields (27-87%). Alternatively, o-dibromoarenes and 1,2-dibromocycloalkenes can be cross-coupled with 1-naphthaleneboronic acid under the same conditions to yield analogous products (6-87%), and indenocorannulene (19) can be prepared likewise in a single step from pinacol corannuleneboronate (18) (40%).
The Effect of Sterilization on Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Properties (2015)

The effects of common sterilization techniques on the physical and biological properties of lyophilized silk fibroin sponges are described. Sterile silk fibroin sponges were cast using a pre-sterilized silk fibroin solution under aseptic conditions or post-sterilized via autoclaving, γ radiation, dry heat, exposure to ethylene oxide, or hydrogen peroxide gas plasma. Low average molecular weight and low concentration silk fibroin solutions could be sterilized via autoclaving or filtration without significant loses of protein. However, autoclaving reduced the molecular weight distribution of the silk fibroin protein solution, and silk fibroin sponges cast from autoclaved silk fibroin were significantly stiffer compared to sponges cast from unsterilized or filtered silk fibroin. When silk fibroin sponges were sterilized post-casting, autoclaving increased scaffold stiffness, while decreasing scaffold degradation rate in vitro. In contrast, γ irradiation accelerated scaffold degradation rate. Exposure to ethylene oxide significantly decreased cell proliferation rate on silk fibroin sponges, which was rescued by leaching ethylene oxide into PBS prior to cell seeding.
Requirement-based Root Cause Analysis Using Log Data (2012)

Root Cause Analysis for software systems is a challenging diagnostic task due to complexity emanating from the interactions between system components. Furthermore, the sheer size of the logged data makes it often difficult for human operators and administrators to perform problem diagnosis and root cause analysis. The diagnostic task is further complicated by the lack of models that could be used to support the diagnostic process. Traditionally, this diagnostic task is conducted by human experts who create mental models of systems, in order to generate hypotheses and conduct the analysis even in the presence of incomplete logged data. A challenge in this area is to provide the necessary concepts, tools, and techniques for the operators to focus their attention to specific parts of the logged data and ultimately to automate the diagnostic process.\nThe work described in this thesis aims at proposing a framework that includes techniques, formalisms, and algorithms aimed at automating the process of root cause analysis. In particular, this work uses annotated requirement goal models to represent the monitored systems' requirements and runtime behavior. The goal models are used in combination with log data to generate a ranked set of diagnostics that represent the combination of tasks that failed leading to the observed failure. In addition, the framework uses a combination of word-based and topic-based information retrieval techniques to reduce the size of log data by filtering out a subset of log data to facilitate the diagnostic process. The process of log data filtering and reduction is based on goal model annotations and generates a sequence of logical literals that represent the possible systems' observations. A second level of investigation consists of looking for evidence for any malicious (i.e., intentionally caused by a third party) activity leading to task failures. This analysis uses annotated anti-goal models that denote possible actions that can be taken by an external user to threaten a given system task. The framework uses a novel probabilistic approach based on Markov Logic Networks. Our experiments show that our approach improves over existing proposals by handling uncertainty in observations, using natively generated log data, and by providing ranked diagnoses. The proposed framework has been evaluated using a test environment based on commercial off-the-shelf software components, publicly available Java Based ATM machine, and the large publicly available dataset (DARPA 2000).
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway (2013)

Our data suggest that BHX is a new drug candidate for cancer treatment because of its potent effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and low toxicity.
Iterative image reconstruction with variable resolution in CT (2011)

For some applications in computed tomography (CT), precise knowledge of the subject within a particular region of interest (ROI) is often desired, while rough (or little) knowledge outside the ROI is sufficient. Therefore, it is of practical merit to develop iterative algorithms for reconstructing a high-resolution ROI image while yielding a coarse image outside the ROI. Conventional iterative algorithms can only yield image values on the entire array of discrete grids. In this work, we investigate and develop an iterative algorithm for image reconstruction with variable spatial resolution. Our results show that the proposed approach can yield ROI images of high resolution.
Reversible Reactions of Ni and Pd Hydroxo Pincer Complexes [(<i><sup>i</sup></i><sup>Pr</sup>PCP)M–OH] with CO<sub>2</sub>: Solid‐State Study of the Decarboxylation of the Monomeric Bicarbonate Complexes [(<i><sup>i</sup></i><sup>Pr</sup>PCP)M–OCOOH] (M = Ni, Pd) (2013)

Abstract Monomeric Ni and Pd hydroxides stabilized by the i Pr PCP pincer ligand react with CO 2 to give labile terminal bicarbonate complexes that readily lose CO 2 and water to give binuclear carbonate complexes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to monitor the decomposition of both bicarcabonates in the solid state. When the carbonate complexes are heated under reflux in thf in the presence of water, full decarboxylation takes place, restoring the starting hydroxides and demonstrating that CO 2 insertion is a fully reversible process. The decarboxylation of the nickel carbonate complex is completed more readily, suggesting that the reaction of the Pd hydroxide with CO 2 is more favourable than that of its nickel counterpart. This is supported by DFT calculations, which also shows that CO 2 insertion takes place through a concerted Lipscomb‐type mechanism.
Tree-structured noise-adapted HMM modeling for piecewise linear-transformation-based adaptation (2003)

This paper proposes the application of tree-structured clustering to various noise samples or noisy speech in the framework of piecewise-linear transformation (PLT)-based noise adaptation.According to the clustering results, a noisy speech HMM is made for each node of the tree structure.Based on the likelihood maximization criterion, the HMM that best matches the input speech is selected by tracing the tree from top to bottom, and the selected HMM is further adapted by linear transformation.The proposed method is evaluated by applying it to a Japanese dialogue recognition system.The results confirm that the proposed method is effective in recognizing noise-added speech under various noise conditions.
The<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Urease B Subunit Binds to CD74 on Gastric Epithelial Cells and Induces NF-κB Activation and Interleukin-8 Production (2006)

The pathogenesis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is the result of both bacterial factors and the host response. We have previously shown that H. pylori binds to CD74 on gastric epithelial cells. In this study, we sought to identify the bacterial protein responsible for this interaction. H. pylori urease from a pool of bacterial surface proteins was found to coprecipitate with CD74. To determine how urease binds to CD74, we used recombinant urease A and B subunits. Recombinant urease B was found to bind directly to CD74 in immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry studies. By utilizing both recombinant urease subunits and urease B knockout bacteria, the urease B-CD74 interaction was shown to induce NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. This response was decreased by blocking CD74 with monoclonal antibodies. Further confirmation of the interaction of urease B with CD74 was obtained using a fibroblast cell line transfected with CD74 that also responded with NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 production. The binding of the H. pylori urease B subunit to CD74 expressed on gastric epithelial cells presents a novel insight into a previously unrecognized H. pylori interaction that may contribute to the proinflammatory immune response seen during infection.