gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of Granzyme M and Its Role in Immunity to Infection (2005)

Cytotoxic lymphocytes express a large family of granule serine proteases, including one member, granzyme (Grz)M, with a unique protease activity, restricted expression, and distinct gene locus. Although a number of Grzs, including GrzM, have been shown to mediate target cell apoptosis in the presence of perforin, the biological activity of Grz has been restricted to control of a number of viral pathogens, including two natural mouse pathogens, ectromelia, and murine CMV (MCMV). In this article, we describe the first reported gene targeting of GrzM in mice. GrzM-deficient mice display normal NK cell/T cell development and homeostasis and intact NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor targets as measured by membrane damage and DNA fragmentation. GrzM-deficient mice demonstrated increased susceptibility to MCMV infection typified by the presence of more viral inclusions and transiently higher viral burden in the visceral organs of GrzM-deficient mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The cytotoxicity of NK cells from MCMV-infected GrzM-deficient mice remained unchanged and, like WT control mice, GrzM-deficient mice eventually effectively cleared MCMV infection from the visceral organs. In contrast, GrzM-deficient mice were as resistant as WT control mice to mouse pox ectromelia infection, as well as challenge with a number of NK cell-sensitive tumors. These data confirm a role for GrzM in the host response to MCMV infection, but suggest that GrzM is not critical for NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Thermal Stability Concern of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Contact: A Case Study of Ti/TiO<sub>2</sub>/n-Si Contact (2016)

This work discusses the thermal stability of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts. A case study is performed on a typical low-Schottky barrier height (qφb) MIS contact: Ti/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /n-Si. By incorporating different levels of donor concentration in n-Si, we perform a systematic Ti/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /n-Si thermal stability study under different electron conduction mechanisms. We find that both qφ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> and contact resistivity (ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of the Ti/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /n-Si MIS contacts vary dramatically after mere 300°C-500°C 1-min rapid thermal treatments. The variations in qφ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> and ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> are related to the thermally driven TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> decomposition. This thermal stability study of Ti/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /n-Si reveals a general concern for the MIS contact application: since the MIS contacts on n-type semiconductor generally utilize a reactive lowwork function metal and an ultrathin insulator, it is difficult to maintain their interface quality considering the thermal budget in standard manufacturing of integrated circuits. Possible solutions to this MIS thermal stability issue are discussed.
Primate evolution: A biology of Holocene extinction and survival on the southeast Asian Sunda Shelf islands (2001)

What biological traits distinguish taxa susceptible to extinction from less susceptible taxa? Substantiated island biogeographic theory suggests that after insularization, small islands lose more species than do large islands. Thus, susceptible taxa are those now found on only large islands. The traits of susceptible taxa can thus be found by comparing the biology of species found only on large islands with those also found on small islands. The islands examined here are those of the Sunda Shelf, created as a result of the Holocene rise in sea levels of 120 m. We use four statistical comparisons: comparative analysis by (phylogenetically) independent contrasts (N = 8 contrasts at the subgeneric or deeper level), Spearman correlations, stepwise regression, and principle components analysis (N = 9 subgenera/genera). The genera and one subgenus considered are: Hylobates, Macaca, Nasalis, Nycticebus, Pongo, Presbytis, Symphalangus, Tarsius, and Trachypithecus. Traits of risk appear to be large body mass, low density, large annual home range, and low maximum latitude. Expected traits that did not correlate with susceptibility were low interbirth interval, high percent frugivory, high group mass, low altitudinal range, and small geographic range. The risky traits also apply to just the anthropoids (i.e., prosimians excluded). The risky traits are explained if susceptibility is induced by requirements for a large extent of habitat, a small population size, and specialization. These findings, which indicate that efficiency and plasticity of use of the environment separate susceptible from successful primate taxa, might be relevant to an understanding of hominoid evolution.
Preparation of Microporous Polymers Based on 1,3,5‐Triazine Units Showing High CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption Capacity (2012)

Abstract Microporous polymers based on 1,3,5‐triazine units are prepared by Friedel‐Crafts reaction of 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine with aromatic compounds. 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine is polymerized with benzene, biphenyl, and terphenyl in dichloromethane in the presence of aluminum chloride. The surface areas of the polymers are in the range of 558 to 1266 m 2 g −1 , depending on the aromatic linker length. At ambient pressure and temperature, the polymers exhibit high CO 2 uptakes of 38–51 cm 3 g −1 . The CO 2 uptake is significantly enhanced by 70–90% for the polymers carbonized at 400 °C for 1 h and at 800 °C for an additional 1 h under nitrogen. This result suggests that rigid microporous polymers can be used as precursor polymers for the synthesis of advanced porous carbon materials without the activation process.
Stoppings for ventilating coal mines (1965)

Tests were made in the Bureau's Experimental Coal Mine on stoppings similar to those used in operating coal mines to obtain information on air leakage through the face and the rupture strength of a stopping subjected to a pressure differential. Block stoppings were made from cinder, slag, and gravel aggregates with and without mortared joints and coatings. Sheet stoppings were uncoated brattice cloth and nylon or brattice cloth and expanded-metal-lath coated with asphalt, latex, mortar, or rigid urethane foam. Limited data were obtained on air leakage through stoppings subjected to simulated roof convergence and to shock forces created by the firing of an adjacent charge of explosive. The pressure differential required to rupture stoppings was determined. The research shows that coating the face of a stopping effectively reduces air leakage. Block stoppings, particularly those with mortared joints, are more resistant to pressure and shock forces than are sheet stoppings. Where ground movement is a factor, sheet stoppings leak less air than block stoppings.
A Method for Mediating Conflict Among Different Mindsets (2000)

The tacit values of quality include tapping the creative potential of people, valuing their ideas equally, and viewing work as process--a series of steps that combine people, resources, and activities to produce a certain outcome. Mediation is a process that brings to the surface the creative thinking of people when differences, or conflict, exist among them. Mediation has the advantage--over arbitration, counseling, or negotiation--of seeking win-win outcomes that try to optimize the interests of all parties. This article seeks to provide healthcare leaders with a set of skills and concepts that will enable them to work through differences and achieve common ground. The mediation process, the characteristics of the ideal mediator, and the proper environment in which to conduct the dialogue are described. Lessons learned on how to creatively manage differing mindsets are enumerated.
GSK-1349572, a novel integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection. (2010)

GSK-1349572 (S/GSK-1349572), under development by ViiV Healthcare and Shionogi & Co Ltd, is the lead from a series of HIV integrase inhibitors, for the potential oral treatment of HIV infection. Initial evaluation of the drug in an in vitro integrase strand assay demonstrated specific inhibition of recombinant integrase. Inhibition of the integrase strand transfer reaction by GSK-1349572 was later confirmed in a cell-based assay, and the drug also displayed in vitro activity against integrase-resistant clinical isolates from patients experiencing virological failure while receiving raltegravir. The pharmacokinetic profile of GSK-1349572 supports once-daily dosing without the requirement for boosting with ritonavir. In phase I and II clinical trials, in healthy volunteers and in patients with HIV-1 infection, side effects of GSK-1349572 were generally similar to placebo; no consistent relationship was observed between the frequency of adverse events and either the dose or duration of treatment with GSK-1349572. At the time of publication, phase IIb trials of GSK-1349572 were ongoing in antiretroviral-naïve and -experienced patients. With the high demand for second-generation integrase inhibitors for antiretroviral-experienced patients and for once-daily drugs without ritonavir-boosting for treatment-naïve patients, this second-generation integrase inhibitor has the potential to become a highly valued product.
Characterization of a ceramic thermal sensor synthesized by a laser conversion process (1992)

This paper presents the micro-characterization results of a laser synthesized ceramic thermal sensor. The thermal sensor is formed in air at 300 K using a low pulse energy Nd:YAG laser. Sensor patterning was obtained by rastering the beam using a programmable x-y table. These sensors are a maximum surface area of 4 cm2 for testing purposes. Silicon-carbon-oxygen sensor compositions are synthesized as a second phase in an α-silicon dielectric substrate. These sensors are metal-like electro-conductors which exhibit linear resistivity versus temperature behavior over the range 80 K to 700 K. Above 700 K, the sensor shows a sensitivity to oxygen but is stable in hydrogen chloride environments. The particular sensor composition studied, SiC0.73O0.78 showed an amorphous structure both before and after accelerated-life testing. Applications for these ceramic solid state sensors include thermal detection in high temperature corrosive environments.
A Fuzzy Logic Approach for Determining Expected Values: A Project Management Application (1996)

This paper presents a methodology rooted in the general concepts of fuzzy logic theory with specific emphasis on belief functions and extension principles, and fuzzy probability distributions with fuzzy expectation based on fuzzy probability measures. This approach offers a useful alternative to the traditional approach in the estimation of probabilities in the absence of information about relative frequencies. An algorithm called BIPFET is developed and its application is demonstrated by utilizing data from a real-life research and development project.
Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole and 5-Substituted 4-Oxazolin-2-one (1979)

An improved synthesis of 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole and some rearrangements of 0-benzoyl P-keto-propionohydroxamates with the formation of 5-substituted 4-oxazolin-2-one are described.Currently as a plant protecting agent, 7-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole ( 3 ) is widely used in the agricultural field under the commerc~al name of Tachigaren. 1 2
Influence of biased magnetron deposition parameters on amorphous Gd–Co–Cu properties (1977)

Biased magnetron sputtering has been used to deposit amorphous GdCoCu films from a Gd15Co38Cu47 target. The effects of target current, sputtering pressure, and substrate-bias voltage have been determined. The uniaxial anisotropy energy Ku may be varied from 0.07 × 105 erg/cm3 to 4.0 × 105 erg/cm3 while the quality factor Q=Ku/(2πM2) may be varied from 0.6 to 7.9. In varying these parameters the film compositions are maintained at approximately the target composition, while similar parameter variations in diode sputtering engender compositional changes far greater. Thus, it is shown that magnetron sputtering offers a control of film properties that is unattainable with other deposition techniques.
MQW DBR lasers with monolithically integrated external-cavity electroabsorption modulators fabricated without modification of the active region (1997)

We report the design and operation of multiple-quantum-well distributed Bragg reflectors (MQW DBR) lasers with monolithically integrated external-cavity electroabsorption (EA) modulators without modification of the active region fabricated using only a single growth step. Devices were fabricated with operating wavelengths of 1.06, 1.07, and 1.08 μm, which are red-shifted from the material gain peak wavelength (/spl lambda/=1.05 μm) by 100, 200, and 300 /spl Aring/, respectively. The /spl lambda/=1.06-μm device has a continuous-wave (CW) threshold current of 16 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.09 W/A from the modulator facet, while the /spl lambda/=1.08 μm device has a CW threshold current of 33 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.40 W/A from the modulator facet. The /spl lambda/=1.06-, 1.07-, and 1.08-μm device exhibits an extinction ratio of /spl ges/20 dB at a modulator bias of 1.0, 1.4, and 2 V, respectively.
MODERN FRIEDEL-CRAFTS CHEMISTRY.XI. CYCLIZATION OF ARYL HALOALKYL SULFONES, ARYLSULFONYLACYL CHLORIDES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING SULFIDES (1984)

Abstract The sulfone group deactivation for cyclialkylation and cycliacylation reactions in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts was demonstrated in a number of aryl chlorlalkylsulfones (1–8) and arylsulfonylacyl chlorides (17a-22a), respectively. As expected, the corresponding arylchloralkyl sulfides (9–16) and arylmercaptoacyl chlorides (13a-28a) underwent ring-closure reaction in most cases under the same conditions. The ease of cyclization was governed by the ring size, the stability of the attacking carbocation and the nucleophilicity of the aryl moiety. Also the behaviour of benzyl sulfones (29, 31a, and 32a) and sulfides (33, and 36a) was inconsistent. Noteworthy, the Friedel-Crafts cyclization reaction is thus considered an accessible method for the synthesis of compound 37–41 and 45,51.
Polymer melt micronisation using supercritical carbon dioxide as processing (2005)

Plastic is een materiaal dat in de industrie vooral populair is omdat je het met het grootste gemak in alle mogelijke vormen kunt gieten. Om er kleine, gelijkvormige bolletjes van te maken is echter een kunst apart. De kunststof polyester wordt in deze vorm gebruikt als poeder voor toner. De farmaceutische industrie gebruikt bolletjes van polyethyleenglycol om geneesmiddelen in te kapselen die gecontroleerd moeten worden gedoceerd. In een nieuwe methode voor het maken van dergelijke deeltjes in de grootte van nanometers tot micrometers wordt CO2-gas gebruikt ter vervanging van milieu-onvriendelijke chemische oplosmiddelen. Sameer Nalawade deed onderzoek naar het optimaliseren van deze productiemethode. Hij maakte daarbij gebruik van een extruder (schroefvormige vermaler) en een mengapparaat met spuitmond. Behalve voor het milieu biedt de methode ook veel voordelen in economisch en technisch opzicht.
Local generalized Hermite interpolation by quartic <i>C</i> <sup>2</sup> space curves (1989)

This paper develops and explains the construction of a piecewise quartic space curve that interpolates positional, tangent, and curvature data. The construction is local and explicit; that is, it does not involve the solution of equations. If only positional data are known, then the tangent and curvature data can he derived by simple local default rules. Another option is to reduce the degree of the curve or minimize the a-norm of its derivative by solving a diagonally dominant, banded, linear system.
Fastnachtslustbarkeiten, Hochzeitsfeiern, Musikantenhalten und Kirchweih. Policey und Festkultur im frühneuzeitlichen Kurmainz (1999)

Autor: Härter, Karl; Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel; Im Druck veröffentlicht: 1999; Titel: Fastnachtslustbarkeiten, Hochzeitsfeiern, Musikantenhalten und Kirchweih. Policey und Festkultur im frühneuzeitlichen Kurmainz
Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge, Tools and Technologies for Investigation, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2020)

The rapid expansion of tools and pipelines for isolating, measuring, and annotating these entities suggests that caution in interpreting results is warranted until these methodologies are rigorously validated. Most investigators have focused on investigating the functional role of single RNA entities, but studies suggest complex interaction between different RNA molecules. The use of network approaches and advanced computational tools to understand the interaction of different noncoding RNA species to mediate a particular phenotype may be required to fully comprehend the function of noncoding RNAs in mediating disease phenotypes.
A Comparison of Pressure Pain Detection Thresholds in People With Chronic Low Back Pain and Volunteers Without Pain (2005)

Neurobiological or biopsychosocial influences may have contributed to the lower PPDT evident in subjects with CLBP. Subjects with CLBP demonstrated a lower global PPDT compared with subjects without pain, which should be taken into account when interpreting findings of pain or tenderness from palpation.
Design of a dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna with excellent polarization purity (2005)

In this paper, the design of a broadband dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna with excellent polarization purity is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on cavity-model theoretical analysis, a test dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by double slot-coupled feeds with a 180° phase shift and a coplanar microstrip feed is presented. The simulated and measured results show that this antenna achieves a high isolation (< −41 dB) across the entire operating frequency and low cross-polarization level (< −30 dB). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 329–331, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20625
Mass Discrimination During Prolonged Weightlessness (1984)

Thresholds for mass discrimination under zero gravity in flight were found to be higher by a factor of about 1.8 than those for weight discrimination before flight. This suggests that humans are not as sensitive to inertial mass as they are to weight, and that adaptation can only partially compensate for loss of gravity. Weight discrimination thresholds were raised for 2 or 3 days after flight, suggesting an aftereffect of adaptation to weightlessness.
Performance evaluation of subcarrier encoding of packet headers in quasi-all-optical broadband WDM networks (2002)

The problem of encoding and on-the-fly decoding of packet headers in broadband all-optical WDM networks can be dealt with using multiple subcarrier signaling (MSS). The authors present the main results of the analysis of the transmissive performance of this technique. Packet data and header bit error rate expressions are given as a function of the relevant network parameters (number of WDM channels, data rate, optical amplification characteristics, packet length, etc.). As an example, the authors evaluate the performance of a star WDM-MSS network, which shows a potential for supporting tens to hundreds of nodes at data rates ranging from hundreds of Mbit/s to several Gbit/s per node.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Staphylococcal toxin induced preferential and prolonged<i>in vivo</i>deletion of innate-like B lymphocytes (2004)

Contributing to host defenses from the adaptive immune system, splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells, with their preactivated state and special topographical location, serve essential roles as primary defenders from blood-borne microbes. From studies designed to define the immunologic impact of protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA), a virulence factor with targeted B cell antigen receptor-binding properties, we found that within minutes of in vivo exposure, SpA became surface associated with B lymphocytes and induced trafficking. Within several hours, MZ were completely effaced of affected B cells. This was rapidly followed by massive B cell apoptosis, with accelerated preferential deletion of targeted MZ B cells and impaired responsiveness to T independent immunogens. Subsequently, the temporal recovery of MZ B cells was significantly delayed compared to peripheral follicular B cells (B-2 cells). These studies elucidate the cellular program induced by a natural toxin that is shown to be highly efficient at depleting innate-like B cells important for defense from systemic infection.
Ets transcription factor binding site is required for positive and TNFα-Hnduced negative promoter regulation (1993)

Thrombomodulin (TM) is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and plays an important role in the anticoagulant pathway by maintaining the thrombo-resistance of the blood vessel wall. We show that in primary human endothelial cells TM gene expression is repressed at the transcriptional level by Tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha) through a protein kinase C independent pathway. The TM promoter is highly active in endothelial cells and is inhibited by TNF alpha. The -76/-56 region mediates both specific high basal activity and TNF alpha-repression. It binds a nuclear factor specific to endothelial cells, that appears to belong to the Ets-family by various criteria. The -76/-56 region contains three direct repeats of the ets-core sequence GGAA that are important for specific high basal activity, TNF alpha repression and trans-activation by expression of Ets-1 and 2. Although human Ets-1 (h-Ets-1) and chicken c-Ets-1 and 2 stimulate the TM promoter through the -76/-56 element, their activity is not suppressed by TNF alpha. c-Ets-1 competes and overrides TNF alpha repression in a concentration dependent manner. We propose that either a different member of the Ets domain protein family, or an Ets-associated co-factor, is the target of the TNF alpha signalling cascade in endothelial cells.
Blind Symbol Synchronization for OFDM Systems in Multipath Fading Channels (2010)

In this paper, a new blind symbol synchronization algorithm is presented for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed algorithm extracts the timing which is not disturbed by delay spread within the guard interval by utilizing the cyclic prefix. A new timing function is introduced. By detecting the down-turn transition timing of the function, the symbol synchronization can be obtained. The power delay profile of the fading channels is unnecessary. Simulation results show that in high SNR, the performance of proposed algorithm is better than conventional CP-based algorithms in multipath fading channels.
Desing and Optimization of a Programmable Instruction Decoder for DSP Architecture (2006)

A hardware/software co-reconfiguration technique is introduced to design a programmable instruction decoder for DSP systems that do not employ field-programmable gate-array. This technique allows software developers to swiftly and accurately retarget their DSP systems. In order to present the reconfiguration procedures and performance evaluations of the technique, a reconfigurable instruction decoder (RID) for Texas Instruments' TMS320C55 DSPs was implemented and optimized