gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling and Packing in the Constraint Language cc(FD) (1992)

Constraint Logic Programming (CLP), and its generalization in the cc framework, define a class of declarative constraint languages combining nondeterministic goal-directed programming with constraint techniques over an arbitrary domain. CLP languages are particularly attractive for combinatorial search problems as they offer a short development time and a reasonable efficiency. In this paper, we present the application of cc(FD), a CLP language using consistency techniques over finite domains, to two applications: the perfect square problem and a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) problem. The perfect square problem amounts to placing squares of different sizes in a master square in an exact manner (i.e. no empty space remains). We show a natural and very short cc(FD) program solving the problem for 21 and 24 squares in a couple of seconds. The DSP application amounts to scheduling tasks on a multiprocessor in presence of precedence, capacity, and delay constraints. The complexity of the problem is exacerbated by the non-uniform communication delays coming from the architecture which combines pipeline and master-slave processing. We present a short cc(FD) program which compares very well with a special-purpose branch and bound algorithm. Both applications show the versatility of languages such as cc(FD) for the solving of discrete combinatorial search problems.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF FRACTAL IMAGE COMPRESSION (1995)

In this paper, fractal compression methods are reviewed. Three new methods are developed and their results are compared with the results obtained using four previously published fractal compression methods. Furthermore, we have compared the results of these methods with the standard JPEG method. For comparison, we have used an extensive set of image quality measures. According to these tests, fractal methods do not yield significantly better compression results when compared with conventional methods. This is especially the case when high coding accuracy (small compression ratio) is desired.
Simulation and Realization of MOS Varactors (2012)

MOS varactors have been used commonly as tuning components in LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) based on standard CMOS technology. MOS varactor topologies include traditional D=S=B structure, inversion-mode (I-MOS) structure and accumulation- mode (A-MOS) structure. A novel simulation method of the three MOS varactors is proposed. The A-MOS structures are implemented by developed models, which are based on sub-circuits utilizing BSIM3v3 models. Simulation results show that the I-MOS and A-MOS varactors has a wider tuning range than the D=S=B varactor. Three MOS varactors are implemented in CSMC 0.5um CMOS technology.
Insoluble Polymer‐Supported Conjugate Bases of Thiazolium Ions As Catalysts in Organic Chemistry (1978)

Abstract The synthetic possibilities of the generalized benzoin condensation are examined: benzoin condensation in its strict sense and closely related reactions, Michael type additions of aldehydes to activated double bonds, and oxidative benzoin condensation. In solid phase chemistry, comments are made on cyanide resins and details are given on the preparation of insoluble 5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐4‐methyl‐3‐(polystyrylmethyl)thiazolium chloride and of 4‐methyl‐3‐(polystyrylmethyl)thiazolium chloride. Examples of the use of polymer thiazolium salts in the three types of reactions mentioned are presented and information on the stability of these salts is presented.
Interworking Architectures in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: An Algorithmic Overview (2012)

The scarce availability of spectrum and the proliferation of smartphones, social networking applications, online gaming etc., mobile network operators (MNOs) are faced with an exponential growth in packet switched data requirements on their networks. Haven invested in legacy systems (such as HSPA, WCDMA, WiMAX, Cdma2000, LTE, etc.) that have hitherto withstood the current and imminent data usage demand, future and projected usage surpass the capabilities of the evolution of these individual technologies. Hence, a more critical, cost-effective and flexible approach to provide ubiquitous coverage for the user using available spectrum is of high demand. Heterogeneous Networks make use of these legacy systems by allowing users to connect to the best network available and most importantly seamlessly handover active sessions amidst them. This paper presents a survey of interworking architectures between IMT 2000 candidate networks that employ the use of IEFT protocols such as MIP, mSCTP, HIP, MOBIKE, IKEV2 and SIP etc. to bring about this much needed capacity.
Diamond-like carbon for data and beer storage (2006)

Carbon is a very versatile element that can crystallize in the forms of diamond or graphite. There are many noncrystalline carbons, known as amorphous carbons. An amorphous carbon with a high fraction of diamond-like (sp3) bonds is named diamond-like carbon (DLC). Unlike diamond, DLC can be deposited at room temperature. Furthermore, its properties can be tuned by changing the sp3 content, the organization of the sp2 sites, and the hydrogen content. This makes DLC ideal for a variety of different applications. We review the use of ultrathin DLC films for ultrahigh-density data storage in magnetic and optical disks and ultralong beer storage in plastic bottles.
Effect of Iron Source on Color and Appearance of Micronutrient‐Fortified Corn Flour Tortillas (2008)

ABSTRACT Iron deficiency anemia is a widespread occurrence. Consequently, iron is commonly added in cereal fortification programs. However, many iron sources cause undesirable sensory changes, especially color changes, in the food being fortified. This study evaluated the effect of different iron sources on CIE L*a*b* color values and sensory color perception in fortified corn tortillas. Corn masa flour was fortified with micronutrient premix containing vitamins, zinc, and one of eight iron compounds. Iron sources included ferrous fumarate (F), ferrous sulfate (S), ferric orthophosphate (OP), ferrous lactate (L), ferrous gluconate (G), ferric pyrophosphate (PP), sodium iron (III)‐EDTA, and A‐131 electrolytic iron (E), with addition levels adjusted based on bioavailability. Control (Ct) samples were prepared with all micronutrients except iron. All iron‐fortified tortillas had lower L* values and were significantly darker than control tortillas. Based on instrumental color values and Mexican regulatory recommendations, five treatments were selected for further testing. A difference‐from‐control sensory test was conducted comparing PP, E, OP, F, and S with Ct tortillas. Sensory rankings were C t > E = PP > OP > F > S. A‐131 electrolytic iron is recommended for fortification of corn tortillas due to minimal effect on color and significantly lower cost than other iron sources evaluated.
Papillomaviruses in anogenital cancer as a model to understand the role of viruses in human cancers. (1989)

Infections with specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) have emerged as necessary but not sufficient factors for the development, at least, of the majority of cervical, vulvar, penile, and perianal cancers. Evidence has accumulated for their causal role in the induction of anogenital premalignant lesions. Genetic events underlying the mechanism of anogenital carcinogenesis have become increasingly understood. A host cell-mediated intracellular control down-regulating specific HPV genes (E6, E7) in replicating normal cells appears to be interrupted in cancer cells, probably due to structural modifications of the respective host cell genes acquired in the course of HPV DNA persistence. Since genital HPV infections are ubiquitous, cofactors which modify controlling host cell genes are likely to determine the different geographic rates of cervical cancer incidence.
Advanced Electrostatic Technologies for Dehydration of Heavy Oils (2005)

Abstract Effective oil/water separation continues to be a major challenge in heavy oil (HO) production operations and often involves high capital costs (large, heated vessels) and high operation costs (heat, fouling, upsets, chemicals). Application of new electrostatic dehydration technologies has the potential to have a major impact in reducing these costs. A systematic evaluation of four electrostatic dehydration technologies was performed using lab, bench scale, and pilot scale (40 gallons) testing. Four heavy oils ranging from 8 to 21 API were used. Performance criteria measured were effective emulsion separation rate (vessel throughput), separated oil and brine quality, water droplet size distribution for inlet and outlet emulsions, and comparison with field data (as available) for older electrostatic technologies. Traditional bottle tests were performed for reference. A 2 to 4 fold increase in emulsion treating rate was observed for some of the heavy oils using the newer electrostatic technologies relative to the traditional Alternating Current (AC) method with the same output quality of crude and brine. Relative cost data per barrel of emulsion processed were developed from system cost estimates and throughput data developed in the pilot tests. Treatment with acid to bring the separated brine into a 6 to 6.5 pH range had a very beneficial effect on the oil/water separation for some of the heavy oils with high TAN.
Adaptive beamforming of ESPAR antenna based on stochastic approximation theory (2002)

A novel approach based on stochastic approximation theory is devoted to adaptive beamforming of electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antennas. Because of the low cost, the ESPAR antenna has only a single-port output. The proposed algorithm, by unconventional method, performs adaptive control of loaded reactances on the passive radiators and thus forming both beam and nulls. Our study and simulation results show that ESPAR antenna can effectively suppress interference and noise background and is attractive in modem wireless communications systems.
A method for direct <i>in vivo</i> measurement of drug concentrations from a single <sup>2</sup>H NMR spectrum (1989)

The use of 2H-labeled drugs provides a measure of drug concentration in situ directly from a single 2H NMR spectrum obtained with any antenna by correcting only for differential saturation effects. The limit of detection for a drug labeled with three equivalent deuterons is roughly 0.5 mM.
"Decision"-Making in Bacteria: Chemotactic Response of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to Conflicting Stimuli (1974)

Motile bacteria presented simultaneously with both attractant and repellent respond to whichever one is present in the more effective concentration. Apparently bacteria have a processing mechanism that compares opposing signals from the chemoreceptors for positive and negative taxis, sums these signals up, and then communicates the sum to the flagella.
<i>Arabidopsis UEV1D</i>Promotes Lysine-63–Linked Polyubiquitination and Is Involved in DNA Damage Response (2008)

DNA damage tolerance (DDT) in budding yeast requires Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and the Ubc enzyme variant (Uev) methyl methanesulfonate2 (Mms2) are required for this process. Mms2 homologs have been found in all eukaryotic genomes examined; however, their roles in multicellular eukaryotes have not been elucidated. We report the isolation and characterization of four UEV1 genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. All four Uev1 proteins can form a stable complex with At Ubc13 or with Ubc13 from yeast or human and can promote Ubc13-mediated Lys-63 polyubiquitination. All four Uev1 proteins can replace yeast MMS2 DDT functions in vivo. Although these genes are ubiquitously expressed in most tissues, UEV1D appears to express at a much higher level in germinating seeds and in pollen. We obtained and characterized two uev1d null mutant T-DNA insertion lines. Compared with wild-type plants, seeds from uev1d null plants germinated poorly when treated with a DNA-damaging agent. Those that germinated grew slower, and the majority ceased growth within 2 weeks. Pollen from uev1d plants also displayed a moderate but significant decrease in germination in the presence of DNA damage. This report links Ubc13-Uev with functions in DNA damage response in Arabidopsis.
Time and Demand are Two Critical Dimensions of Immunometabolism: The Process of Macrophage Activation and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (2015)

A process is a function of time; in immunometabolism, this is reflected by the stepwise adaptation of metabolism to sustain the bio-energetic demand of an immune-response in its various states and shades. This perspective article starts by presenting an early attempt to investigate the physiology of inflammation, in order to illustrate one of the basic concepts of immunometabolism, wherein an adapted metabolism of infiltrating immune cells affects tissue function and inflammation. We then focus on the process of macrophage activation and aim to delineate the factor time within the current molecular context of metabolic-rewiring important for adapting primary carbohydrate metabolism. In the last section, we will provide information on how the pentose phosphate pathway may be of importance to provide both nucleotide precursors and redox-equivalents, and speculate how carbon-scrambling events in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway might be regulated within cells by demand. We conclude that the adapted metabolism of inflammation is specific in respect to the effector-function and appears as a well-orchestrated event, dynamic by nature, and based on a functional interplay of signaling- and metabolic-pathways.
Cyclophane chemistry: bent and battered benzene rings (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclophane chemistry: bent and battered benzene ringsDonald J. cram and Jane M. CramCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1971, 4, 6, 204–213Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50042a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2128Altmetric-Citations319LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (928 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Predicting the crystal habit of photoinitiator XBPO and elucidating the solvent effect on crystal faces (2019)

Elaborating the solvent effect on crystal faces using an affinity degree model at the molecular level.
Motion Segmentation and Depth Ordering Using an Occlusion Detector (2008)

We present a novel method for motion segmentation and depth ordering from a video sequence in general motion. We first compute motion segmentation based on differential properties of the spatio-temporal domain, and scale-space integration. Given a motion boundary, we describe two algorithms to determine depth ordering from two- and three- frame sequences. An remarkable characteristic of our method is its ability compute depth ordering from only two frames. The segmentation and depth ordering algorithms are shown to give good results on 6 real sequences taken in general motion. We use synthetic data to show robustness to high levels of noise and illumination changes; we also include cases where no intensity edge exists at the location of the motion boundary, or when no parametric motion model can describe the data. Finally, we describe human experiments showing that people, like our algorithm, can compute depth ordering from only two frames, even when the boundary between the layers is not visible in a single frame.
The Role of Interfacial Interactions in the Toughening of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate–Polypropylene Nanocomposites (2010)

This paper investigates the effect of the interphase properties and the interfacial interactions between matrix and filler on mechanical properties of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC)–polypropylene nanocomposites. PCC particles were coated with stearic acid (SA). The weight ratio of SA on the particles (w SA) ranged from 0 to 0.135 g SA/g PCC. The introduction of PCC particles resulted in an increase in stiffness and yield stress compared with the pristine polymeric matrix and, at the same time, it increased the impact resistance. The maximum improvement in the impact behaviour was achieved for the composites with w SA =0.045 corresponding to the theoretical monolayer ratio. A decrease in interfacial interactions between monolayer coated PCCs and the matrix with respect to the uncoated particles was observed by using a semi-empirical equation developed by Pukànszky. The low degree of interfacial interactions between particulate filler and matrix allows a matrix–particle debonding phenomenon, as shown by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Extensive plastic deformations were evident as well, promoting an improvement in toughness. The thickness of the interphase between particles and matrix was evaluated by using the Shen–Li model which is based on the hypothesis of a non-homogeneous interphase. It results that the thickness increased in the order uncoated < monolayer coated < 3% SA coated ≅ 13.5% SA coated particles. The thinner and stronger interphase found for the composite with uncoated particles can be explained with the high interaction between matrix and filler and the consequent low mobility of the polymeric chains.
Examination of MARCO Activity on Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Function Using a Gene Knockout Mouse (2013)

We have reported the upregulation of MARCO, a member of the class A scavenger receptor family, on the surface of murine and human dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor lysates. Exposure of murine tumor lysate-pulsed DCs to an anti-MARCO antibody led to loss of dendritic-like processes and enhanced migratory capacity. In this study, we have further examined the biological and therapeutic implications of MARCO expression by DCs. DCs generated from the bone marrow (bm) of MARCO knockout (MARCO -/-) mice were phenotypically similar to DCs generated from the bm of wild-type mice and produced normal levels of IL-12 and TNF- when exposed to LPS. MARCO -/-DCs demonstrated enhanced migratory capacity in response to CCL-21 in vitro. After subcutaneous injection into mice, MARCO -/-TP-DCs migrated more efficiently to the draining lymph node leading to enhanced generation of tumorspecific IFN- producing T cells and improved tumor regression and survival in B16 melanoma-bearing mice. These results support targeting MARCO on the surface of DCs to improve trafficking and induction of anti-tumor immunity.
The effect of polarity and surface states on the Fermi level at III-nitride surfaces (2014)

Surface states and their influence on the Fermi level at the surface of GaN and AlN are studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of polarity on surface electronic properties was studied. Accurate modeling of the valence band edge and comparison with XPS data revealed the presence of donor surface states at 1.4 eV and acceptor states at energies &gt;2.7 eV from the valence band in GaN. Al polar AlN showed acceptor states at energies &gt;3.3 eV. Density of acceptor surface states was estimated to be between 1013 and 1014 eV−1 cm−2 in both GaN and AlN. The shift in charge neutrality levels and barrier heights due to polarity and the density of surface states on AlN and GaN were estimated from XPS measurements. Theoretical modeling and comparison with XPS data implied full compensation of spontaneous polarization charge by charged surface states. Barrier height measurements also reveal a dependence on polarity with ϕmetal-polar &gt; ϕnon-polar &gt; ϕnitrogen-polar suggesting that the N-polar surface is the most suitable for Ohmic contacts.
Study on Sensitivity of Nano-Grain ZnO Gas Sensors (2002)

The surface barriers at the neck of nano-ZnO gas elements are expressed in terms of the electrical potential inside a cylinder, and then the resistance, the sensitivity, and the grain-size effect are discussed. It is shown that the sensing property of nano-ZnO gas elements is influenced by the microstructural features, such as the grain size, the geometry, and the connectivity between grains. The difference between the neck-controlled sensitivity and the neck-grain-boundary- controlled sensitivity is large when the width of the depletion layer at the neck in air is comparable with the neck radius. It implies that although the grain-boundary resistance may be much smaller than the neck resistance it cannot be neglected. It is suggested that the decreasing of the ratio between the numbers of grain boundaries and necks is a possible approach to the development of nano-ZnO gas sensors with a high sensitivity.
Does your result checker really check? (2004)

A result checker is a program that checks the output of the computation of the observed program for correctness. Introduced originally by Blum, the result checking paradigm has provided a powerful platform assuring the reliability of software. However, constructing result checkers for most problems requires not only significant domain knowledge but also ingenuity and can be error prone. In this paper we present our experience in validating result checkers using formal methods. We have conducted several case studies in validating result checkers from the commercial LEDA system for combinatorial and geometric computing. In one of our case studies, we detected a logical error in a result checker for a program computing max flow of a graph.
Transparency and Responsibility in NREGA (2010)

Under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in September 2005, Government of India got passed the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in the Parliament. Through this Act, a member of a rural house hold was to be provided job for at least 100 days in a financial year, as an unskilled worker (labourer). This was guaranteed under the Act. Thereafter Government of India issued a guide and the scheme was launched on February 2, 2006 in 200 districts of the country. In the first phase this scheme was launched in 22 districts of Uttar Pradesh. For transparency and Responsibility in NREGA, Social audit is an effective tool. It returns to the poor and deprived people its right of ownership alongwith democratic awareness. Social audit is such a process which promotes mass awareness and also ensures peopleâ€™s participation. For ensuring transparency and responsibility, peopleâ€™s involvement is a must and it will be tickle down to the lower levels only when the process of social audit is adopted and done through citizens, groups and gram sambas. The most interesting finding of this research is the possibility of a new paradigm for the relationship between state agencies and civil society organisations. The state itself hes commissioned civil society organizations to ensure transparency and responsibility in the working of NREGA through the process of social audits. CSOs are encouraged to bring out into the open instances of corruption and malad ministration in the state machinery itself. In a sense, this model involves both conflict and cooperation with state agencies and therein lies it uniqueness. Ar we approach the second anniversary of NREGA in February-2008 there may be lessons to be learnt from the experience of Andhra Pradesh for other states.