gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Encryption Using Chaos and Block Cipher (2010)

In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme is proposed based on combination of pixel shuffling and new modified version of simplified AES. Chaotic baker’s map is used for shuffling and improving S-AES efficiency through S-box design. Chaos is used to expand diffusion and confusion in the image. Due to sensitivity to initial conditions, chaotic baker’s map has a good potential for designing dynamic permutation map and S-box. In order to evaluate performance, the proposed algorithm was measured through a series of tests. These tests included visual test and histogram analysis, randomness test, information entropy, encryption quality, correlation analysis, differential analysis and sensitivity analysis. Experimental results show that the new cipher has satisfactory security and is more efficient than AES which makes it a potential candidate for encryption of multimedia data.
Computing conformal maps and minimal surfaces (1991)

We discuss some recent work on numerical generation of conformal maps and minimal surfaces. Much of this work is joint with Gerd Dziuk. Some of the material on unstable minimal surfaces was developed subsequent to the Workshop.
Enhanced gene transfection capability of polyethylenimine by incorporating boronic acid groups (2010)

Phenylboronic acid-modified PEI was prepared by the reaction of 1800 Da PEI with 4-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid. It is much more effective than unmodified PEI for gene delivery. The covalently incorporated boronic acid groups achieve the greatly enhanced gene delivery efficiency partially through improving condensation ability to DNA, and partially through facilitating cell uptake due to interaction with ligands in cells.
A Specific Interface between Integrin Transmembrane Helices and Affinity for Ligand (2004)

Conformational communication across the plasma membrane between the extracellular and intracellular domains of integrins is beginning to be defined by structural work on both domains. However, the role of the a and b subunit transmembrane domains and the nature of signal transmission through these domains have been elusive. Disulfide bond scanning of the exofacial portions of the integrin a IIb and b 3 transmembrane domains reveals a specific heterodimerization interface in the resting receptor. This interface is lost rather than rearranged upon activation of the receptor by cytoplasmic mutations of the a subunit that mimic physiologic inside-out activation, demonstrating a link between activation of the extracellular domain and lateral separation of transmembrane helices. Introduction of disulfide bridges to prevent or reverse separation abolishes the activating effect of cytoplasmic mutations, confirming transmembrane domain separation but not hinging or piston-like motions as the mechanism of transmembrane signaling by integrins.
Basic fibroblast growth factor as one of the essential factors regulating lens transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells (1993)

In vitro transdifferentiation of retinal pigmented epithelial cells of the chick embryo into lens cells can be markedly enhanced by culture in the presence of testicular hyaluronidase and phenylthiourea. Since the commercial preparations of hyaluronidase that had previously been used were very crude, a search for the actual effective molecule(s) enhancing lens transdifferentiation was conducted. First, we purified the enzyme and tested the effect of the purified hyaluronidase. Highly purified hyaluronidase itself did not enhance lens transdifferentiation. The crude hyaluronidase was then separated according to affinity with heparin, considering the possibility that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is contained in the crude hyaluronidase. Transdifferentiation-enhancing activity was detected in the fraction which was bound to heparin and eluted with 2 M NaCl, where no hyaluronate-degrading activity existed. Analysis of the fraction by SDS-PAGE revealed the existence of an 18 kDa protein whose NH2-terminal sequence was identical to that of basic FGF. The basic FGF derived from bovine brain also enhanced lens transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells. These findings suggest that basic FGF must play a major role in enhancing transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells to lens cells.
Kernel Descriptors for Visual Recognition (2010)

The design of low-level image features is critical for computer vision algorithms. Orientation histograms, such as those in SIFT [16] and HOG [3], are the most successful and popular features for visual object and scene recognition. We highlight the kernel view of orientation histograms, and show that they are equivalent to a certain type of match kernels over image patches. This novel view allows us to design a family of kernel descriptors which provide a unified and principled framework to turn pixel attributes (gradient, color, local binary pattern, etc.) into compact patch-level features. In particular, we introduce three types of match kernels to measure similarities between image patches, and construct compact low-dimensional kernel descriptors from these match kernels using kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) [23]. Kernel descriptors are easy to design and can turn any type of pixel attribute into patch-level features. They outperform carefully tuned and sophisticated features including SIFT and deep belief networks. We report superior performance on standard image classification benchmarks: Scene-15, Caltech-101, CIFAR10 and CIFAR10-ImageNet. 1
Decomposition of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Gamma Irradiation (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of gamma irradiation to decompose 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in an aqueous solution; the concentration range of the TNT solution was 0.11-0.44 mmol/L. The decomposition rate of TNT by gamma irradiation was pseudo-first-order kinetic over the applied initial concentrations. The dose constant was strongly dependent on the initial concentration of TNT. Increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the solution was more effective on the decomposition of TNT as well as its mineralization. The required irradiation dose to remove 90% of initial TNT (0.44 mmol/L) was 58, 41, 32, 28, and 25 kGy at the dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.025, 0.149, 0.3, 0.538, and 0.822 mmol/L, respectively. However, TOC still remained as 30% of the initial TOC (3.19 mmol/L) when 200 kGy irradiation dose was applied to the TNT solution (0.44 mmol/L) containing dissolved oxygen of 0.822 mmol/L. The removal of the TNT was more efficient at a pH below 3 and at a pH above 11 than at neutral pH (pH 5-9). The required irradiation dose to remove over 99% of the initial TNT (0.44 mmol/L) was 39, 76, and 10 kGy at pH 2, 7, and 13, respectively. The dose constant was increased 1.6-fold and over 15.6-fold at pH 2 and 13, respectively, compared to that at pH 7. When an irradiation dose of 200 kGy was applied, the removal efficiencies of the TOC (initial concentration 3.19 mmol/L) were 91, 46, and 53% at pH 2, 7, and 13, respectively. Ammonia and nitrate were detected as the main nitrogen byproducts of TNT, and glyoxalic acid and oxalic acid were detected as organic byproducts.
Purification and characterization of aminopeptidase from Euphausia superba. (1984)

Krill aminopeptidase was purified about, 1, 100-fold from an extract of Euphausia superba with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, Toyopearl HW55, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular weight was determined to be 140, 000 by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and optimum temperature were 8.4 and 45°C respectively. Krill aminopeptidase was inhibited by EDTA, Hg++ and amastatin, and partially by bestatin, and was activated by Co++. Alanyl-p-nitroanilide was hydrolyzed faster than leucyl-p-nitroanilide. Alanyl peptides (di-, tri-, tetra- and hexa-alanyl peptide) were hydrolyzed very fast. These results suggest that krill aminopeptidase is an alanine aminopeptidase which is activated by cobaltous ion.
pH Self-Controlling Induced by Tourmaline (1996)

The effect of tourmaline on pH controlling is investigated. The hydrogen ion concentration tremendously decreases for 1 h. The concentration approaches 10 -7 mol/l at infinite time. On the other hand, the materials intelligence (I h ) has been suggested. If the f h value is 50, we can determine the I h value [I h (50)] for tourmaline. The I h (50) and P r values are 0.38 and 0.70 for tourmaline.
Measurement of surface orientations of transparent objects by use of polarization in highlight (1999)

A method is proposed for obtaining surface orientations of transparent objects by use of polarization in highlight. Since the highlight, the specular component of light reflected from objects, is observed only near the specular direction, it reveals only limited parts of an object’s surface. To obtain the orientations of the whole surface of an object, we employ a spherical extended light source. We report the experimental apparatus, a shape recovery algorithm, and a performance evaluation.
Towards Context-Aware Data Management for Ambient Intelligence (2004)

Abstract. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a vision of future Information Society, where people are surrounded by an electronic environment which is sensitive to their needs, personalized to their requirements, anticipa-tory of their behavior, and responsive to their presence. It emphasizes on greater user-friendliness, user-empowerment, and more eective ser-vice support, with an aim to make people&apos;s daily activities more con-venient, thus improving the quality of human life. To make AmI real, eective data management support is indispensable. High-quality infor-mation must be available to any user, anytime, anywhere, and on any lightweight device. Beyond that, AmI also raises many new challenges related to context-awareness and natural user interaction, entailing us to re-think current database techniques. The aim of this paper is to address the impact of AmI, particularly its user-centric context-awareness requirement on data management strate-gies and solutions. We rst provide a multidimensional view of database access context. Taking diverse contextual information into account, we then present ve context-aware data management strategies, using the most fundamental database operation- context-aware query request as a case in point. We execute the proposed strategies via a two-layered infrastructure, consisting of public data manager(s) and a private data manager. Detailed steps of processing a context-aware query are also described in the paper. 1
Space-resolved vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopy on T.F.R. Tokamak plasmas (1978)

Reports the results of space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy (between 100 AA and 2000 AA) on T.F.R. Tokamak plasmas, and gives examples of profiles for both heavy and light impurity ions. The experimental method and the associated uncertainties and problems are emphasised. The great importance of numerical calculations in the interpretation of the impurity profiles is pointed out.
The Preparation of Diammonium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphite (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Diammonium Dihydrogen PyrophosphiteSamuel J. Kiehl and Manuel Foster MooseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 1, 47–49Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01268a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01268a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Friedrich Kraus--originator of functional diagnosis and electrocardiography in Germany]. (1987)

The 50th anniversary of the death of Friedrich Kraus (31 May 1858 to 1 March 1936) was the occasion to remind of the merits of this internist for the development of the functional diagnostics and the spreading of the electrocardiography in Germany. After the first professorship in Graz (foundation of the constitution research) he was appointed director of the 2nd Medical Clinic of the Charité in Berlin 1902, where he worked up to his discharge from the active service in 1927. From 1906 he dealt with electrocardiological problems, mainly together with G.F. Nicolai (1874-1955). In 1910 the first monography on "The Electrocardiogram of the Healthy and Ill Man" was published. After World War I Kraus dealt with the "Special Pathology and Therapy of Internal Diseases" and the "General and Special Pathology of the Person". In the theory of the depth person, being ahead of the time, psychosomatic connections were explained. A selective bibliography of the most important works of Kraus is added to the paper.
Fast identification of thermostable beta‐glucosidase mutants on cellobiose by a novel combinatorial selection/screening approach (2009)

Engineering costly cellulases on natural cellulosic substrates is of importance for emerging biomass-based biorefineries. Directed enzyme evolution is becoming a popular tool, but identification of desired mutants from a large mutant library remains challenging sometimes. In this work, we demonstrated a novel combinatorial selection/screening strategy for finding thermostable beta-glucosidase on its natural substrate-cellobiose. First, selection was conducted through complementation of beta-glucosidase for non-cellobiose-utilizing Escherichia coli so that only the cells expressing active beta-glucosidase can grow on a M9 synthetic medium with cellobiose as the sole carbon source (selection plate). Second, the clones on the selection plates were duplicated by using nylon membranes. After heat treatment, the nylon membranes were overlaid on M9/cellobiose screening plates so that remaining activities of thermostable beta-glucosidase mutants hydrolyzed cellobiose on the screening plates to glucose. Third, the growth of an indicator E. coli strain that can utilize glucose but not cellobiose on the screening plates helped detect the thermostable beta-glucosidase mutants on the selection plates. Several thermostable mutants were identified from a random mutant library of the Paenibacillus polymyxa beta-glucosidase. The most thermostable mutant A17S had an 11-fold increase in the half-life of thermoinactivation at 50 degrees C.
A competitive sensing system based on cyclobis(paraquat-<i>p</i>-phenylene) and a new β-cyclodextrin-tetrathiafulvalene derivative (2008)

We report the synthesis of 4,5-di(ethylthio)-4′-[6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin-6-yl-aminocarbonyl]-tetrathiafulvalene (β-CD-DET-TTF) and its inclusion abilities towards cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+ ) and 1-naphthol. The structure of the synthesised compound has been established by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectra combined with a theoretical MM3 and AM1 study. The sensor affords a charge transfer (CT) complex with the CBPQT4+ and is able to include 1-naphthol in the cyclodextrin cavity. The complexes were characterised experimentally by UV–vis spectroscopy and simulated by a MM3 docking procedure. The sensing ability of the β-CD-DET-TTF/CBPQT4+ complex towards 1-naphthol has been investigated by a competitive spectral method. The synthesis and characterisation of a new water soluble β-CD-DET-TTF derivative able to formed a CT complex with the CBPQT4+ acceptor is reported. The water soluble CT complex β-CD-DET-TTF/CBPQT4+ could be used as an efficient sensor towards aromatic guests prone to give inclusion complexes with the CBPQT4+ ring.
Management of context-aware preferences in multidimensional databases (2008)

Personalization of information systems brings new challenges to OLAP technology. A key characteristic of emerging OLAP database systems will be customizability of their behaviour taking into account users preferences as well as their context of analysis. In this paper we define a personalization framework for OLAP database systems based on user context-aware preferences. We consider a qualitative preference model which handles user preferences on the multidimensional schema. Context is modelled as a tree of multidimensional components of an OLAP analysis (fact, measures, dimensions, parameters). We define some OLAP operations that support personalization. User queries are dynamically enhanced with his preferences and are aware of the analysis context.
Cytotoxic Bis-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines and Bis-β-carbolines (2002)

Ten bis-beta-carboline 1, 2 and bis-3,4-dihydro-beta-carboline 3, 4 derivatives, linked between carbons 1 and 1' by a polymethylene spacer, were synthesized from bistryptamine amides 9, 10. Some of them display a micromolar IC50 towards L-1210 cells.
The Audition Framework for TestingWeb Services Interoperability (2005)

Service oriented architectures and Web services are emerging technologies, which have overall inherited problems and advantages from the component-based approach, but exacerbated the aspects of loose coupling, distribution and dynamism of "components", here elements furnishing published services on external client requests. In this paper, we highlight the urgent need for methodologies supporting Web services reliable interaction, and in particular deal with testing concerns. We then propose a framework that extends UDDI registry role from the current one of a "passive" service directory, to also sort of an accredited testing organism, which validates service behaviour before actually registering it. This testing stage (called audition) mainly focuses on interoperability issues, so to facilitate the coordination among services registered at the same UDDI. The audition needs to rely on a Web service specification augmented with information on how the service has to be invoked. We propose that this information is given in the form of a protocol state machine, which is a newly introduced behaviour diagram of the UML 2.0.
[Laparoscopic surgery for gastric and small intestinal stromal tumors]. (2007)

Laparoscopic surgery is an effective, safe, less invasive procedure for treatment of gastric and small intestinal stromal tumors.
Development of a Serotype-Specific DNA Microarray for Identification of Some <i>Shigella</i> and Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains (2006)

Shigella and pathogenic Escherichia coli are major causes of human infectious diseases and are responsible for millions of cases of diarrhea worldwide every year. A convenient and rapid method to identify highly pathogenic serotypes of Shigella and E. coli is needed for large-scale epidemiologic study, timely clinical diagnosis, and reliable quarantine of the pathogens. In this study, a DNA microarray targeting O-serotype-specific genes was developed to detect 15 serotypes of Shigella and E. coli, including Shigella sonnei; Shigella flexneri type 2a; Shigella boydii types 7, 9, 13, 16, and 18; Shigella dysenteriae types 4, 8, and 10; and E. coli O55, O111, O114, O128, and O157. The microarray was tested against 186 representative strains of all Shigella and E. coli O serotypes, 38 clinical isolates, and 9 strains of other bacterial species that are commonly present in stool samples and was shown to be specific and reproducible. The detection sensitivity was 50 ng genomic DNA or 10(4) CFU per ml in mock stool specimens. This is the first report of a microarray for serotyping Shigella and pathogenic E. coli. The method has a number of advantages over traditional bacterial culture and antiserum agglutination methods and is promising for applications in basic microbiological research, clinical diagnosis, food safety, and epidemiological surveillance.
Dietary calcium and blood pressure in experimental models of hypertension. A review. (1994)

More than 80 studies have reported lowered blood pressure after dietary calcium enrichment in experimental models of hypertension. The evidence presented here suggests that dietary calcium may act concurrently through a number of physiological mechanisms to influence blood pressure. The importance of any given mechanism may vary depending on the experimental model under consideration. Supplemental dietary calcium is associated with reduced membrane permeability, increased Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na,K-ATPase, and reduced intracellular calcium. These results suggest that supplemental calcium may limit calcium influx into the cell and improve the ability of the VSMC to extrude calcium. This could be a direct effect of calcium on the VSMC or an indirect effect mediated hormonally. The calcium-regulating hormones have all been found to have vasoactive properties and therefore may influence blood pressure. Furthermore, CGRP and the proposed parathyroid hypertensive factor are both vasoactive substances that are responsive to dietary calcium. Therefore, diet-induced variations in calcium-regulating hormones may influence blood pressure. Modulation of the sympathetic nervous system is another important way that dietary calcium can influence blood pressure. There is evidence of altered norepinephrine levels in the hypothalamus as a consequence of manipulations of dietary calcium as well as changes in central sympathetic nervous system outflow. Dietary calcium has also been shown to specifically modify alpha 1-adrenergic receptor activity in the periphery. In some experimental models of hypertension, dietary calcium may alter blood pressure by changing the metabolism of other electrolytes. For example, the ability of calcium to prevent sodium chloride-induced elevations in blood pressure may be attributed to natriuresis. However, natriuresis does not account for all of the interactive effects of calcium and sodium chloride on blood pressure. Sodium chloride-induced hypertension may be due in part to calcium wasting and subsequent elevation of calcium-regulating hormones. Chloride is an important mediator of this effect because it appears that sodium does not cause calcium wasting when it is not combined with chloride. More attention to the central nervous system effects of dietary calcium is needed. Not only can calcium itself influence neural function, but many of the calcium-regulating hormones appear to affect the central nervous system. The influence of calcium and calcium-regulating hormones on central nervous system activity may have important implications for blood pressure regulation and also may extend to other aspects of physiology and behavior.
Gold Nanorod–siRNA Induces Efficient <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Silencing in The Rat Hippocampus (2011)

Our results show robust nanoplex uptake and slow release of the fluorescent gene silencer with significant impact on the suppression of GAPDH gene expression (70% gene silencing, >10 days postinjection). The observed gene knockdown using nanoplexes in targeted regions of the brain opens a new era of drug treatment for neurological disorders.
Polymer Surfaces: From Physics to Technology (1994)

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The Origin of Surface Properties. Dynamics of Polymer Surfaces. CHARACTERIZATION METHODS. Spectroscopic Methods. Surface Energetics and Contact Angle. New and Emerging Methods. MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES. Physical Modifications. Chemical Modifications. Bulk Modifications. APPLICATIONS. Wettability. Adhesion. Barrier Properties. Biomedical Materials. Friction and Wear. Index.