gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> Porous Glass-Ceramic System to a Humidity Sensor (1987)

The sodium borate glass system containing La2O3 and TiO2 shows a marked trend toward microphase separation after heat treatment, resulting in water-soluble sodium borate and water-insoluble La2O3-TiO2 ceramic phases. Then La2O3-TiO2-rich skeletons can be obtained by leaching out the sodium borate phase. The application of thus obtained porous glass-ceramics with interconnected pores to a humidity sensor is of interest. Microstructure, such as surface area and pore size distribution, of the La2O3-TiO2 glass-ceramic system is sensitive to the heat treatment and the subsequent leaching conditions, so that the humidity sensitivity of the element can be controlled favorably by the phase separation. The element, heat-treated at 600°C for 12h followed by leaching at 85°C for 34h, exhibits the most excellent humidity sensitive characteristics. The humidity sensitive characteristics of this element is superior to that of the element with the same composition of the leached La2O3-TiO2 glass-ceramic prepared by solid phase reaction.
Dual‐enzyme, co‐immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling for high‐sensitive glutamate determination based on CE (2009)

A new method for high-sensitive determination of glutamate was developed and evaluated based on CE by using dual-enzyme co-immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling. The capillary microreactor was prepared by covalently co-immobilizing glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) on the inner surface of a capillary and was characterized by SEM, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The GDH-GPT co-immobilized capillary microreactor showed great stability and reproducibility. The apparent K(m) for glutamate with GDH-GPT coupled reaction was determined to be 0.61+/-0.06 mM but 2.56+/-0.24 mM when only GDH was immobilized. Glutamate determination was based on on-column monitoring UV absorption at 340 nm of the reaction product reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, of which peak area was directly related to the glutamate concentration. The response of the present co-immobilized GDH-GPT assay for glutamate is greatly enhanced over single enzyme system, and a 15.7-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained. The detection limit of the proposed method is 0.15 muM glutamate (S/N=3). Selectivity for glutamate is good over most of the 20 amino acids. Finally, this method was successfully applied to determine the glutamate content in rat plasma and serum samples.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in patients with portal hypertension (2014)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has revolutionized the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Its application in patients with liver disease and portal hypertension is increasing. Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for development of portal hypertension sequale such as ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and gastroesophageal varices. Bleeding esophageal and gastric varices are among the most common causes of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Thus, early detection and treatment improve the outcome in this population. EUS can improve the detection and diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices and collateral veins and can provide endoscopic therapy of gastroesophageal varices such as EUS-guided sclerotherapy of esophageal collateral vessels and EUS-guided cynoacrylate (Glue) injection of gastric varices. EUS can also provide knowledge on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy of portal hypertension. Furthermore, EUS can provide assessment and prediction of variceal recurrence after endoscopic therapy and assessment of portal hemodynamics such as E-Flow and Doppler study of the azygous and portal veins. Moreover, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration may provide cytologic diagnosis of focal hepatic tumors and analysis of free abdominal fluid. Using specialized EUS-guided needle biopsy, a sample of liver tissue can be obtained to diagnose and evaluate for chronic liver disease. EUS-guided fine needle injection can be used to study portal vein pressure and hemodynamics, and potentially could be used to assist in exact measurement of portal vein pressure and placement of intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
Adaptive finite difference method for traveltime and amplitude (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Adaptive finite difference method for traveltime and amplitudeAuthors: Jianliang QianC. D. BelfiWilliam W. SymesJianliang QianThe Rice Inversion Project, Rice University, C. D. BelfiThe Rice Inversion Project, Rice University, and William W. SymesThe Rice Inversion Project, Rice Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820878 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820878FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byFinite‐difference quasi‐P traveltimes for anisotropic mediaJianliang Qian and William W. Symes7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 1An adaptive finite‐difference method for traveltimes and amplitudesJianliang Qian and William W. Symes7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jianliang Qian, C. D. Belfi, and William W. Symes, (1999), "Adaptive finite difference method for traveltime and amplitude," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1763-1766. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820878 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evaluation of Cancer Stem Cell Migration Using Compartmentalizing Microfluidic Devices and Live Cell Imaging (2011)

In the last 40 years, the United States invested over 200 billion dollars on cancer research, resulting in only a 5% decrease in death rate. A major obstacle for improving patient outcomes is the poor understanding of mechanisms underlying cellular migration associated with aggressive cancer cell invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary malignant adult brain tumor, exemplifies this difficulty. Despite standard surgery, radiation and chemotherapies, patient median survival is only fifteen months, due to aggressive GBM infiltration into adjacent brain and rapid cancer recurrence. The interactions of aberrant cell migratory mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment likely differentiate cancer from normal cells. Therefore, improving therapeutic approaches for GBM require a better understanding of cancer cell migration mechanisms. Recent work suggests that a small subpopulation of cells within GBM, the brain tumor stem cell (BTSC), may be responsible for therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Mechanisms underlying BTSC migratory capacity are only starting to be characterized. Due to a limitation in visual inspection and geometrical manipulation, conventional migration assays are restricted to quantifying overall cell populations. In contrast, microfluidic devices permit single cell analysis because of compatibility with modern microscopy and control over micro-environment. We present a method for detailed characterization of BTSC migration using compartmentalizing microfluidic devices. These PDMS-made devices cast the tissue culture environment into three connected compartments: seeding chamber, receiving chamber and bridging microchannels. We tailored the device such that both chambers hold sufficient media to support viable BTSC for 4-5 days without media exchange. Highly mobile BTSCs initially introduced into the seeding chamber are isolated after migration though bridging microchannels to the parallel receiving chamber. This migration simulates cancer cellular spread through the interstitial spaces of the brain. The phase live images of cell morphology during migration are recorded over several days. Highly migratory BTSC can therefore be isolated, recultured, and analyzed further. Compartmentalizing microfluidics can be a versatile platform to study the migratory behavior of BTSCs and other cancer stem cells. By combining gradient generators, fluid handling, micro-electrodes and other microfluidic modules, these devices can also be used for drug screening and disease diagnosis. Isolation of an aggressive subpopulation of migratory cells will enable studies of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Intratumoral Genetic Heterogeneity in Barrett Adenocarcinoma (2002)

In 10 cases of Barrett adenocarcinoma, samples from 8 tumor areas (including superficial and deep from peripheral and central areas) and a regional lymph node metastasis were studied for amplification of c-myc, c-erbB-2, and EGFR. We analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 3 loci (APC, MCC, and RB) and 2 anonymous microsatellite markers (D4S1652 and D18S474). We detected c-myc in variable fractions of tissue samples from 3 of 9 tumors; EGFR was amplified in 2 specimens from 1 tumor. One tumor demonstrated amplification of c-erbB-2 in all areas. LOH at the D4S1652, MCC, RB, APC, and D18S474 loci was found in 75% (3/4), 57% (4/7), 50% (4/8), 11% (1/9), and 0% (0/10) of informative cases, respectively. LOH generally was restricted to variable subpopulations of tumor cells within individual tumors. There was no obvious association of certain genetic alterations with topographically distinct tumor regions; however, superficial areas showed more frequent genetic alterations than areas from the deeply invading front. More aberrations were detected in the periphery than in the center. Barrett adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, which must be considered when evaluating genetic alterations as indicators of response to therapy and prognosis.
Adjunctive therapy for cerebral malaria and other severe forms of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>malaria (2010)

Severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum causes more than 800,000 deaths every year. Primary therapy with quinine or artesunate is generally effective in controlling P. falciparum parasitemia, but mortality from cerebral malaria and other forms of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. Long-term cognitive impairment is also common in children with cerebral malaria. Of the numerous adjunctive therapies for cerebral malaria and severe malaria studied over the past five decades, only one (albumin) was associated with a reduction in mortality. In this article, we review past and ongoing studies of adjunctive therapy, and examine the evidence of efficacy for newer therapies, including inhibitors of cytoadherence (e.g., levamisole), immune modulators (e.g., rosiglitazone), agents that increase nitric oxide levels (e.g., arginine) and neuroprotective agents (e.g., erythropoietin).
Dietary Fiber Gap and Host Gut Microbiota (2017)

Accumulating evidence is dramatically increasing the access to the facts that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host metabolism and health, which revealed the possibility of a plethora of associations between gut bacteria and human diseases. Several functional roles are carried out by a major class of the host's diet, such as fiber. Fiber is the main source of microbiota-accessible carbohydrate in the diet of humans. In the modern diet, it is difficult to intake sufficient dietary fiber as recommended. The low-fiber diet in the modern life, known as fiber gap, can trigger a substantial depletion of the human gut microbiota diversity and beneficial metabolites. The short-chain fatty acids are regarded as one of the major microbial metabolites of dietary fibers, which can improve intestinal mucosal immunity, as well as to be a source of energy for the liver. Thus, the loss of microbiota diversity has a potential negative function to various aspects of host health. Actually, the real "fiber gap" for ideal health and maintaining microbial diversity might be even more serious than currently appreciated. Herein, we briefly discuss the interactions between gut microbiota and the host diet, focusing specifically on the low-fiber diet. Gut bacteria in the context of the development of host low-fiber diets, which may lead to health and disorders, particularly include metabolic syndrome and obesity-related disease, IBD liver, disease, and colorectal cancer.
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice: Contribution of Soluble and Insoluble Amyloid-β Peptide, Partial Restoration via γ-Secretase Inhibition (2008)

The contributing effect of cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly appreciated. Recent evidence suggests that amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), the same peptide found in neuritic plaques of AD, may play a role via its vasoactive properties. Several studies have examined young Tg2576 mice expressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and having elevated levels of soluble Abeta but no cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). These studies suggest but do not prove that soluble Abeta can significantly impair the cerebral circulation. Other studies examining older Tg2576 mice having extensive CAA found even greater cerebrovascular dysfunction, suggesting that CAA is likely to further impair vascular function. Herein, we examined vasodilatory responses in young and older Tg2576 mice to further assess the roles of soluble and insoluble Abeta on vessel function. We found that (1) vascular impairment was present in both young and older Tg2576 mice; (2) a strong correlation between CAA severity and vessel reactivity exists; (3) a surprisingly small amount of CAA led to marked reduction or complete loss of vessel function; 4) CAA-induced vasomotor impairment resulted from dysfunction rather than loss or disruption of vascular smooth muscle cells; and 5) acute depletion of Abeta improved vessel function in young and to a lesser degree older Tg2576 mice. These results strongly suggest that both soluble and insoluble Abeta cause cerebrovascular dysfunction, that mechanisms other than Abeta-induced alteration in vessel integrity are responsible, and that anti-Abeta therapy may have beneficial vascular effects in addition to positive effects on parenchymal amyloid.
Insights into the pulmonary vascular complications of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2018)

Pulmonary hypertension in the setting of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is a growing public health problem that is increasing in prevalence. While PH-HFpEF is defined by a high mean pulmonary artery pressure, high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a normal ejection fraction, some HFpEF patients develop PH in the presence of pulmonary vascular remodelling with a high transpulmonary pressure gradient or pulmonary vascular resistance. Ageing, increased left atrial pressure and stiffness, mitral regurgitation, as well as features of metabolic syndrome, which include obesity, diabetes and hypertension, are recognized as risk factors for PH-HFpEF. Qualitative studies have documented that patients with PH-HFpEF develop more severe symptoms than those with HFpEF and are associated with more significant exercise intolerance, frequent hospitalizations, right heart failure and reduced survival. Currently, there are no effective therapies for PH-HFpEF, although a number of candidate drugs are being evaluated, including soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, sodium nitrite and endothelin receptor antagonists. In this review we attempt to provide an updated overview of recent findings pertaining to the pulmonary vascular complications in HFpEF in terms of clinical definitions, epidemiology and pathophysiology. Mechanisms leading to pulmonary vascular remodelling in HFpEF, a summary of pre-clinical models of HFpEF and PH-HFpEF, and new candidate therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PH-HFpEF are summarized.
Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Primitive Red Alga <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i> (2007)

Cyanidioschyzon merolae is considered to be one of the most primitive of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. To obtain insights into the origin and evolution of the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plants, the carotenoid content of C. merolae was ascertained, genes encoding enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in this unicellular red alga were identified, and the activities of two candidate pathway enzymes of particular interest, lycopene cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase, were examined. C. merolae contains perhaps the simplest assortment of chlorophylls and carotenoids found in any eukaryotic photosynthetic organism: chlorophyll a, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin. Carotenoids with epsilon-rings (e.g., lutein), found in many other red algae and in green algae and land plants, were not detected, and the lycopene cyclase of C. merolae quite specifically produced only beta-ringed carotenoids when provided with lycopene as the substrate in Escherichia coli. Lycopene beta-ring cyclases from several bacteria, cyanobacteria, and land plants also proved to be high-fidelity enzymes, whereas the structurally related epsilon-ring cyclases from several plant species were found to be less specific, yielding products with beta-rings as well as epsilon-rings. C. merolae lacks orthologs of genes that encode the two types of beta-carotene hydroxylase found in land plants, one a nonheme diiron oxygenase and the other a cytochrome P450. A C. merolae chloroplast gene specifies a polypeptide similar to members of a third class of beta-carotene hydroxylases, common in cyanobacteria, but this gene did not produce an active enzyme when expressed in E. coli. The identity of the C. merolae beta-carotene hydroxylase therefore remains uncertain.
Thiamin Analogs. IV.<sup>1</sup> 4(5)-Methyl-5(4)-(β-hydroxyethyl)-imidazole (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiamin Analogs. IV.1 4(5)-Methyl-5(4)-(β-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoleSidney W. Fox, Herbert Sargent, and Edwin R. BuchmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 3, 496–497Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01219a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01219a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for transmembrane orientation of acylated simian virus 40 large T antigen (1985)

In mKSA cells (a simian virus 40-transformed BALB/c mouse tumor cell line), plasma membrane-associated large T antigen (large T) is found in two subfractions of the plasma membrane; a minor amount of large T is recovered from the Nonidet P-40 (NP-40)-soluble plasma membrane fraction, whereas the majority is tightly bound to a substructure of the plasma membrane, the plasma membrane lamina (PML). Only PML-associated large T is fatty acid acylated (U. Klockmann and W. Deppert, EMBO J. 2:1151-1157, 1983). We have analyzed whether these two forms of plasma membrane-associated large T might differ in features like cell surface expression or metabolic stability. In addition, we have asked whether one of the two large Ts might represent the hypothetic, large T-related protein T* (D. F. Mark and P. Berg, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 44:55-62, 1979). We show that in mKSA cells grown in suspension culture, large T associated with the PML is also exposed on the cell surface. This form of large T, therefore, exhibits properties of a transmembrane protein. Large T in the NP-40-soluble plasma membrane fraction could not be labeled with radioiodine on the cell surface and, for this reason, does not seem to be oriented towards the cell surface. In contrast, when mKSA cells were grown on substratum (culture dish), we found that in these cells both NP-40-soluble large T as well as large T anchored in the PML could be cell surface iodinated. We also have analyzed the plasma membrane association of surface T antigen in mKSA cells grown in a mouse as ascites tumor. In tumor cells, only PML-bound large T is cell surface associated. We conclude that differences in extractibility of cell surface-associated large T most likely depend on cell shape and are not an artifact of cell culture. Both NP-40-soluble and PML-bound large Ts are associated with the plasma membrane in a metabolically stable fashion. Neither of the two large Ts represents T*.
Notes - 11-Oxegenated Steroids. XVII. 1,4-Pregnadien-21-al-17α-ol-3, 11, 20-trione Hydrate (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - 11-Oxegenated Steroids. XVII. 1,4-Pregnadien-21-al-17α-ol-3, 11, 20-trione HydrateH. Herzog, M. Gentles, and E. HershbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 6, 688–689Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online4 March 2003Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01112a602https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01112a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cerebrosides and Tocopherol Trimers from the Seeds of <i>Euryale ferox</i> (2007)

Two new cerebrosides, ferocerebrosides A (1) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxydocosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine] and B (2) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine], two new tocopherol trimers, ferotocotrimers C (5) and D (6), and two known tocopherol trimers, IVb (3) and IVa (4), were isolated from the seeds of Euryale ferox. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, with LC50 values of 0.17 and 0.20 mM, respectively.