gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Inherent Quantitative Capacity of the Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (1999)

The quantitative capacity of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is generally underestimated. In this study, PCR and RT-PCR products were amplified from serially diluted DNA and RNA templates, respectively, using a 35-cycle PCR. In the approximate 30- to 100-fold range of template input above the lower limit of detection, herpes simplex virus ICP27 RT-PCR product yield was dependent on the logarithm of template mRNA input (r2 = 0.99). Likewise, regression analysis indicated that yields of interleukin-12 p40, herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase, and interferon-gamma PCR products were dependent on the logarithm of template DNA input over 40- (r2 = 0.98), 60- (r2 = 0.96), and 100-fold (r2 = 0.99) ranges, respectively. This quantitative relationship appears to derive from the competition for reactants between specific PCR products and nonspecific primer-dimers that occurs at limiting concentrations of template. Although primer-dimers are not generally considered a common feature of PCR, 30 of 32 primer pairs tested in this study produced primer-dimer amplification in the absence of template. Because the coefficient of variation in replicate PCRs was typically 10-20% in the linear range, the precision of PCR was sufficient to measure 4-fold differences in template concentration. Thus, with statistically adequate sample numbers, an appropriate standard curve, and the inherent quantitative capacity of the method, differences in the abundance of a mRNA species are measurable by 35-cycle RT-PCR.
Simultaneous Administration of Live, Enteric-Coated Adenovirus Types 4,7, and 21 Vaccines: Safety and Immunogenicity (1979)

The safety of and the immune response to simultaneous administration of live, enteric-coated adenovirus type 4 (ADV-4), type 7 (ADV-7), and type 21 (ADV-21) vaccines were studied. Volunteers (476 men), randomly assigned to four study groups, received three vaccines (ADV-4, ADV-7, and ADV-21), two vaccines (ADV-4 and ADV-7), one vaccine (ADV-21), or no vaccine (placebo). Subjects were observed for three weeks, and no side effects due to vaccination occured. The percentages of susceptible subjects (those entering the study with a neutralizing antibody titer of less than 1:2 to each vaccine virus received) who seroconverted to ADV-4 were similar in both groups that received ADV-4 vaccine (78% of 77 subjects and 74% of 76). However, in the group that received three vaccines, only 62% of 77 subjects seroconverted to ADV-7, compared with 79% of 76 in the group that received two vaccines (P less than 0.05). Only 58% of 77 subjects in the three-vaccine group seroconverted to ADV-21, compared with 69% of 59 in the group that received one vaccine (P greater than 0.1).
One-step synthesis of 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-ones from quinones and thiourea (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-step synthesis of 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-ones from quinones and thioureaPhilip T. S. Lau and M. KestnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 12, 4426–4431Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01276a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01276a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An unbiased equation error identifier and reduced-order approximations (1994)

The equation error (EE) identification technique is modified to remove the parameter bias problem induced by uncorrelated measurement errors. The modification replaces a "monic" constraint with a "unit-norm" constraint; the asymptotic solution replaces a normal equation with an eigenequation. The resulting algorithm is simpler than previous schemes, while at the same time preserving the desirable properties of the conventional EE method: simplicity of an on-line algorithm, unimodality of the performance surface, and consistent identification in the sufficient-order case. In the more realistic undermodeled case, a robustness result shows that the mean optimal parameter values of both the monic and unit-norm EE schemes correspond to a stable transfer function for all degrees of undermodeling, and for all stationary output disturbances, provided the input sequence satisfies an autoregressive constraint; otherwise an unstable model may result. Model approximation properties for the undermodeled case are exposed in detail for the case of autoregressive inputs; although both the monic and unit-norm variants provide Pade approximation properties, the unit-norm version is capable of autocorrelation matching properties as as well, and yields the optimal solution to a first- and second-order interpolation problem. Finally, the mismodeling error for the undermodeled case is shown to be a well-behaved function of the Hankel singular values of the unknown system. This modification allows EE methods to be admitted to the class of unbiased identification and approximation techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Melanoma-associated tumor antigens and their clinical relevance to immunotherapy. (1996)

The last few years have witnessed the publication of a large body of evidence demonstrating conclusively the existence of tumor-associated antigens. A large majority of these studies focused on melanoma-associated tumor antigens because of the collective evidence that the immune system can influence the pathogenesis of melanoma, and because of the well-documented, although limited, success of immunotherapeutic modalities in melanoma patients. This review summarizes what is known about melanoma-associated antigenic peptides: their identity, presentation by human leukocyte antigen class I molecules to cognate T cell receptors, and their potential to induce an effective immune response. The inability of melanoma patients to mount an efficacious antitumor response and the distinction between antigenicity (i.e., the ability to express a tumor antigen) and immunogenicity (i.e., the ability to elicit an effective immune response) are discussed. Recruitment of antigen-presenting cells at the tumor site is suggested as a way to overcome tumor-induced immunotolerance. The importance of developing or perfecting laboratory and/or clinical correlates of response to immunotherapeutic modalities is emphasized because of the pressing need for reliable tests that are predictive of clinical outcome.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Production and Its Binding to the Matrix Are Increased in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1998)

Degradation of the elastic media is a hallmark of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We examined the expression of 2 elastolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, in AAA aortic tissues compared with those from atherosclerotic occlusive disease (AOD) and nondiseased control tissues. Quantitative competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography showed increased MMP-9 mRNA and protein in both AAA and AOD tissues compared with those in control tissue, but there was no significant difference between AAA and AOD. In contrast, MMP-2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in AAA than in AOD or control tissues. Sequential extraction of the MMPs from the aortic tissue with a physiological salt solution, 2% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 10 mol/L urea showed that large amounts of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were bound to the matrix. The most conspicuous finding was that the levels of MMP-2 were significantly elevated in the DMSO fraction in AAA tissues compared with AOD and control tissues. In addition, a large portion of MMP-2 found in the DMSO and urea fractions was in the active 62-kDa form, indicating that the precursor of MMP-2 in AAA is largely activated locally and binds to the tissue matrix tightly. By immunolocalization, MMP-9 was found to be primarily produced by macrophages and MMP-2 by mesenchymal cells. The production of MMP-2 was prominent when mesenchymal cells were surrounded by inflammatory cells, suggesting paracrine modulation of MMP-2 expression in AAAs. These observations emphasize that MMP-2 participates in the progression of AAAs by degrading aortic tissue matrix components.
Physical properties of blends of soap and lime soap dispersants (1979)

Abstract The mechanism of action of soap lime‐soap dispersant (LSDA) combinations is based on a close association between these two components. In deionized water this association is mixed micellar. Surface tension curves confirm the presence of mixed micelles in deionized water and show a combination of optimum surface active properties (low critical micelle concentrations (CMC), high surface concentration and low surface tension above the CMC). Solubilization of high Krafft point soap by LSDA and of difficultly soluble LSDA by soap are related results of this association. Analysis of dispersions of mixtures of soap and LSDA in hard water shows that the dispersed particles are mixtures of soap and LSDA in the same proportion as they were originally added. These findings are inconsistent with the view that soap reacts separately with hard water ions and that the resulting lime soap is suspended by surface adsorption of LSDA. The suspended particles are responsible for surface active properties and detergency and do not permit deposits on the fabric like those found with soap alone.
Restrictive Clauses of Liability: Observations to the Current Regime and Proposals for Reformation (2008)

The following essay intends to test the convenience of either keeping a disperse regime in Colombia, or to opt for a positive one with a systematic character with regards to restrictive clauses of public and private liability. The aforementioned will be seen from the viewpoint of compared Law where the main aspects of the only two attempts of reforming the existing regime will be regarded, as well as under the observation of the legislative proposals that have intended to reform the consumer’s statute in the last decade.
Semiconductor quantum dots photosensitizing release of anticancer drug (2010)

A new photo-controlled anticancer drug release system is reported based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) between semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and N-methyl-4-picolinium (NAP) ester 1 under the excitation of visible light.
A cost-efficiency method on beacon nodes placement for wireless localization (2015)

Beacon node placement is the prerequisite for wireless localization, and the quality of placement scheme significantly affects localization accuracy. For a localization system, sufficient coverage and optimal beacon node distribution are required to provide satisfactory localization accuracy in a target area. Since the deployment cost grows with the number of beacon nodes, it is desirable to keep the number low. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective method for beacon node placement in arbitrarily shaped areas. The proposed method can guarantee satisfactory localization accuracy with a reasonable number of beacon nodes. It has polynomial time complexity and meets the beacon node distribution requirement. We theoretically analyze the lower and upper bounds of the number of beacon nodes, and use numerical analysis to verify its efficiency. Finally, we compare our approach to the existing placement methods in different scenarios. The comparison shows that our method can use fewer beacon nodes to obtain higher localization accuracy.
Multiple solutions for digitizing equations for students (2005)

It can be challenging for faculty in the sciences to share mathematics with students. Photocopying hand written notes, or using the overhead projectors can be limiting when students are outside of class and need access to materials. Adapting equations so they can be posted online or in a content management system, published, added to Microsoft PowerPoint or and Adobe InDesign poster, or to be sent as an email attachment can seem laborious and complicated.In this paper the author surveys software and hardware options for presenting mathematics in a variety of media types. Some of these options include Equation Editor, Math Type, LaTeX, Adobe InDesign, MathML, and the HP Digital Sender 9200c, and a couple of other solutions that fit a variety of purposes.With appropriate choices of technology, equations can be made available in a readable and accessible format.
Slow-Wave Acoustic Isolation For Measurement Of Flow (1993)

Propagation of interfering signals delayed. Experiments demonstrated utility of slow-wave isolation between transmitting and receiving transducers in acoustic measurements of sound speed and/or flow velocity in ducts. Specifically, finding pertains to acoustic measurements of speeds of flow of low-molecular-weight gases at pressures low enough to be contained in thin-walled metal conduits.
A viscous drive device for use in instrument displacement controls (1973)

A device which is capable of providing smooth and extremely fine movement in instrument controls is described. It can be used instead of reduction mechanisms and satisfactorily eliminates 'stick-slip' motion and backlash. The design principles, a detailed design example and three instrument applications are discussed.
Microneedle applications in improving skin appearance (2015)

Microneedles (MNs) are micron-sized, minimally invasive devices that breach the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), creating transient, aqueous pores in the skin and facilitating the transport of therapeutic molecules into the epidermis. Following many years of extensive research in the area of MN-mediated trans- and intra-dermal drug delivery, MNs are now being exploited in the cosmeceutical industry as a means of disrupting skin cell architecture, inducing elastin and collagen expression and deposition. They are also being used as vehicles to deliver cosmeceutic molecules across the skin, in addition to their use in combinatorial treatments with topical agents or light sources. This review explores the chronology of microneedling methodologies, which has led to the emergence of MN devices, now extensively used in cosmeceutical applications. Recent developments in therapeutic molecule and peptide delivery to the skin via MN platforms are addressed and some commercially available MN devices are described. Important safety and regulatory considerations relating to MN usage are addressed, as are studies relating to public perception of MN, as these will undoubtedly influence the acceptance of MN products as they progress towards commercialisation.
Chromosome arm-specific multicolor FISH (2000)

Several systems for 24-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed and applied to karyotyping and detection of chromosomal abnormalities. We have developed a 42-color multicolor FISH (mFISH) technique (armFISH), which permits the detection of chromosomal aberrations at the resolution of chromosome arms. The armFISH uses a commercially available mFISH reagent kit (24XCyte, MetaSystems GmbH) supplemented with a set of differentially labeled chromosome arm-specific painting probes (arm-kit, comprising either p- or q-arms of all human chromosomes, except the p-arm of the acrocentric- and Y chromosomes). The mFISH-probe cocktail and the arm-kit are combined and hybridized together to metaphase chromosomes. The armFISH is analyzed in two steps; first, the conventional mFISH image analysis is performed, followed by the arm-kit analysis to reveal the chromosome arms involved. The examples demonstrate the utility of armFISH in defining chromosomal rearrangements of human cancers.
Global motion temporal filtering for in-loop deblocking (2010)

One of the most severe problems in hybrid video coding is its block-based approach, which leads to distortions called blocking artifacts. These artifacts affect not only the subjective perception at the receiver but also the motion compensated prediction (MCP) that generates a prediction signal from previously decoded pictures. It is therefore directly connected to the amount of data that has to be transmitted. In this paper, we propose a technique called global motion temporal filtering for blocking artifact reduction. Other than common deblocking techniques, this approach does not reduce the blocking artifacts spatially. Filtering is performed temporally using a set of neighboring pictures from the picture buffer. This approach is incorporated into an H.264/AVC reference software. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed technique significantly improves the quality in terms of rate-distortion performance.
Pediatric Outcome after Maternal Cancer Diagnosed during Pregnancy (2015)

Prenatal exposure to maternal cancer with or without treatment did not impair the cognitive, cardiac, or general development of children in early childhood. Prematurity was correlated with a worse cognitive outcome, but this effect was independent of cancer treatment. (Funded by Research Foundation-Flanders and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00330447.).
DNA diagnostics gets digitised (2011)

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has during the last two decades emerged as the preffered technology for nucleic acid analysis in routine as well as in research. qPCR has the sensitivity to detect a single molecule, the specificity to differentiate targets by a single nucleotide, and, because of its exponential nature, virtually unlimitied dynamic range
Record Matching over Query Results from Multiple Web Databases (2009)

Record matching, which identifies the records that represent the same real-world entity, is an important step for data integration. Most state-of-the-art record matching methods are supervised, which requires the user to provide training data. These methods are not applicable for the Web database scenario, where the records to match are query results dynamically generated on-the-fly. Such records are query-dependent and a prelearned method using training examples from previous query results may fail on the results of a new query. To address the problem of record matching in the Web database scenario, we present an unsupervised, online record matching method, UDD, which, for a given query, can effectively identify duplicates from the query result records of multiple Web databases. After removal of the same-source duplicates, the ¿presumed¿ nonduplicate records from the same source can be used as training examples alleviating the burden of users having to manually label training examples. Starting from the nonduplicate set, we use two cooperating classifiers, a weighted component similarity summing classifier and an SVM classifier, to iteratively identify duplicates in the query results from multiple Web databases. Experimental results show that UDD works well for the Web database scenario where existing supervised methods do not apply.
Successful Treatment to Enhance the Performance of Horizontal Wells Drilling Near Tar-Mat Areas (2005)

Abstract Tar-mat zones have been characterized at the base of oil columns in some of Saudi Arabia carbonate reservoirs. These zones form a barrier which physically isolates the producing zones and the injection water. As a result of this barrier, the reservoir pressure will decrease, which will require other means to produce these wells. This paper addresses two strategies to overcome potential problems resulted from tarmat zones. The first strategy was to drill a tunnel well. The tunnel well works as a conduit that connects the high pressure area to the low pressure area through the tar zone of the reservoir. Field data indicated that this well enhanced production rate of nearby wells and livened two dead wells. The second technique to address tar-mat present in another field is to use peripheral water injection. Water injectors with extended reach (ER) were completed horizontally at the bottom of the producing zones and just above the tar-mat zones. Challenges were faced in drilling these wells in a populated area in the northern area of Saudi Arabia and being stratified, tar-mat was encountered in open-hole sections of these wells. Tar content varies inconsistently around these injectors and more near wellbore and obviously in the tar layer. This limits the injection rate of these injectors initially to as low as 600 BWD at 2,400 psig. The low injectivity is attributed to the damage induced by the drilling mud (water-based mud) and the presence of tar and asphaltene in the injection zone. Acid stimulation treatments of these wells were needed to reach the target injection rate. A tailored acid treatment was designed to address these challengers. This treatment included pumping aromatic solvent, a regular acid, an emulsified acid and a viscoelastic surfactant-based acid for diversion. Because of environmental concerns, high H2S content, the spent acid was not lifted following the acid treatments. However, the injectivity index of horizontal injectors increased by several folds. The paper describes the efforts of a multi-disciplinary team to enhance the performance of these wells by using the latest technologies in drilling, logging, and well treatment.
Recording Optical Pyrometer (1959)

A recording pyrometer which measures the brightness temperature at 0.65 μ of a small incandescent sample in the range 1300°C to above 3000°C with a time constant of a few milliseconds is described. The instrument, designed to be used in studies of materials exposed to the plasma jet of a high-intensity electric arc, is reliable to within ±20°C, and is suitable for measuring transient high-temperature fluctuations or for applications where use of a standard optical pyrometer might be hazardous to personnel.
Chung-Kwei: a Pattern-discovery-based System for the Automatic Identification of Unsolicited E-mail Messages (SPAM). (2004)

In this paper, we present Chung-Kwei , a system for the analysis of electronic messages and the automatic identification of unsolicited email messages (=SPAM). The method uses pattern-discovery as its underlying tool and is another instance of a generic approach that has been the basis of previously successful solutions developed by our group to tackle problems in computational biology such as gene finding and protein annotation. ChungKwei can be trained very quickly; as new examples of SPAM become available, the system can re-train itself without interrupting the classification of incoming e-mail. We trained Chung-Kwei on a repository of 87,000 messages, then tested it with a very large collection of 88,000 pieces of SPAM and WHITE email: the current prototype achieved a sensitivity of 96.56% whereas the false positive rate was 0.066%, or one-in-six-thousand. In terms of speed, we are currently capable of classifying 214 messages/second, on a 2.2 GHz Intel-Pentium platform. The Chung-Kwei system is part of SpamGuru, a collaborative antispam filtering solution that is currently under development at IBM Research.