gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond photoconductivity in radiation-damaged silicon-on-sapphire films (1981)

Radiation damage caused by ion implantation is used to control the carrier lifetime in silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) films. Photoconductivity measurements show the relaxation time changes by several orders of magnitude and can be as short as 8 ps. The carrier mobility is found to be at least an order of magnitude higher than amorphous silicon materials with similar relaxation times. A photodetector is described that demonstrates the high-speed capability of these high-defect-density films.
Synthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2.alpha. from (15R)- and 15S)-PGA2 (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2.alpha. from (15R)- and 15S)-PGA2Gordon L. Bundy, W. P. Schneider, F. H. Lincoln, and J. E. PikeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6, 2123–2124Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00761a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00761a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyoxometalates as Reduction Catalysts: Deoxygenation and Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds (1999)

Excellent deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes is achieved with Keggin-type polyoxometalates in the presence of hydrogen (see Equation (1) for an example). The mixed addenda phosphovanadomolybdate [PV(2)Mo(10)O(4)](5-) was found to be the best catalyst. X-ray diffraction and IR studies suggest that the polyoxometalates are structurally stable under the strongly reducing conditions.
A study of scalar compilation techniques for pipelined supercomputers (1987)

This paper studies two compilation techniques for enhancing scalar performance in high-speed scientific processors: software pipelining and loop unrolling. We study the impact of the architecture (size of the register file) and of the hardware (size of instruction buffer) on the efficiency of loop unrolling. We also develop a methodology for classifying software pipelining techniques. For loop unrolling, a straightforward scheduling algorithm is shown to produce near-optimal results when not inhibited by recurrences or memory hazards. Software pipelining requires less hardware but also achieves less speedup. Finally, we show that the performance produced with a modified CRAY-1S scalar architecture and a code scheduler utilizing loop unrolling is comparable to the performance achieved by the CRAY-1S with a vector unit and the CFT vectorizing compiler.
Fast switching ferroelectric liquid‐crystalline polymers (1993)

Abstract The principles of ferroelectricity, especially in liquid crystals (FLC) and polymers, are briefly presented. In a liquid‐crystalline side chain polyacrylate electro‐optical switching with response times of 200–400 μs was measured. Besides the ferroelectric switching an even shorter electroclinic switching process was detected. The influence of the spacer length and the molecular weight on the ferroelectric properties is discussed. The kind and number of chiral centers and their location in the side group strongly affects the electrooptical properties. In one polymer a change of the optical contrast caused by a sign reversal of the spontaneous polarization was found. In another FLC polymer three switching states (antiferroelectric behaviour) were detected. With coloured and fluorescent FLC polymers, obtained by mixing or by copolymerization new promising applications in electrooptical devices are expected.
Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Bollworms,<i>Heliothis zea</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as Affected by Dietary Fats (1970)

Analyses of Heliothis zea (Boddie) reared on a diet essentially free of lipids indicated that the larvae synthesized palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids from nonfat sources. Fourteen-, 16-, and 18-carbon fatty acids were tolerated when added to a wheat germ diet in concentrations of 0.3–1.0% and were subsequently increased in the body fat of larvae. Fatty acids not synthesized by the insect, particularly linoleic and linolenic, were incorporated from the diet into the body fat to a greater extent than those that are synthesized. When larvae contained a high level of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, the amount of palmitoleic acid was decreased. There were generally lower proportionate amounts of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and higher proportionate amounts of palmitic and oleic acids in larvae of progressively large size.
A Nonlinear Drain Resistance Model for a High Power Millimeter-wave PHEMT (2006)

A millimeter wave high power PHEMT model with a nonlinear drain resistance Rd is proposed. The nonlinear Rd arises from electron velocity saturation in the gate-drain gap. At 2.1 GHz, the nonlinear Rd behaves like a conventional linear resistor. However, at Ka band, the nonlinearity of the resistance results in a large power loss. This frequency dependent phenomenon has been experimentally verified in millimeter-wave GaAs PHEMTs. Our proposed simple model accurately describes the power characteristics of these devices at 2.1 GHz and in Ka band
Expression of Cytochromes P450 in a Baculovirus System (2003)

The baculovirus expression system is a highly effective system for the largescale productron of recombinant proteins in insect cells. The major attraction of baculovn-us as an expression vector system is the virus-encoded polyhedrin and p 10 genes. These genes produce large amounts of polyhedrin and p 10 proteins in virus-infected insect cells in the later stages of the virus-replication cycle. The polyhedrin protein, controlled by the polh promoter, is required m the normal infection cycle to package virus partrcles wrthm occlusron bodies or polyhedra, which protect the virus particles from the environment during the period between mfectton of susceptrble hosts. The function of the p 10 protein is not clear as yet but it is thought to be involved in polyhedra formation and is controlled by the p10 promoter. Polyhedrin and p10 are not required to maintain an infection in cultured cells in vitro. The polyhedrm and p10 genes can be replaced with foreign gene sequences thus enabling expression of recombinant protein from the polyhedrin (polh) and p10 promoters.
Human major histocompatibility complex contains a minimum of 19 genes between the complement cluster and HLA-B. (1989)

A 600-kilobase (kb) DNA segment from the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region was isolated by extension of a previous 435-kb chromosome walk. The contiguous series of cloned overlapping cosmids contains the entire 555-kb interval between C2 in the complement gene cluster and HLA-B. This region is known to encode the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) alpha and beta, B144, and the major heat shock protein HSP70. Moreover, a cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5 (HLA-B-associated transcripts) has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. An additional four genes were identified by isolation of corresponding cDNA clones with cosmid DNA probes. These genes for BAT6-BAT9 were mapped near the gene for C2 within a 120-kb region that includes a HSP70 gene pair. These results, together with complementary data from a similar recent study, indicated the presence of a minimum of 19 genes within the C2-HLA-B interval of the MHC class III region. Although the functional properties of most of these genes are yet unknown, they may be involved in some aspects of immunity. This idea is supported by the genetic mapping of the hemopoietic histocompatibility locus-1 (Hh-1) in recombinant mice between TNF alpha and H-2S, which is homologous to the complement gene cluster in humans.
Towards Sorting of Biolibraries Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection Techniques (2004)

The selection of specific binding molecules like peptides and proteins from biolibraries using, for instance, phage display methods can be quite time-consuming. It is therefore desirable to develop a strategy that is much faster in selection and sorting of potential binders out of a biolibrary. In this contribution we separately discuss the current achievements in generation of biolibraries, single-molecule detection techniques and microfluidic devices. A high-throughput microfluidic platform is then proposed that combines the propulsion of liquid containing fluorescent components of the biolibrary through microchannels, single-molecule fluorescence photon burst detection and real-time sorting of positive hits. © 2004 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Genetic Diversity among <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Isolates from Bovines Living on Farms in England and Wales (2003)

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates (n = 228) from 122 healthy animals on 11 farms discriminated 57 types. Most clones were found only on individual farms. Numerous clones were found within each farm, with a prevalent clone normally found in several animals. A variety of clones were found within the different phage types.
O uso de design science research no desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão da performance para a hotelaria (2017)

Uma vez que nao foi encontrado nenhum sistema de Gestao da Performance (GP) especifico para a industria hoteleira, decidiu-se avaliar a viabilidade comercial de um sistema deste tipo, desenvolvendo e disponibilizando um sob a forma de Software as a Service (SaaS). Software implantado na cloud, disponibilizado e licenciado como um servico, esta a tornar-se cada vez mais comum e aceite em contexto empresarial. Embora os sistemas de GP e os Sistemas de Apoio a Decisao (SAD) nao sejam normalmente distribuidos no modelo SaaS, ha alguns exemplos que provam que tal esta a mudar. Para avaliar o sistema tanto na perspetiva tecnica como na de negocio, um prototipo foi desenvolvido utilizando a metodologia de Design Science Research (DSR) e disponibilizado a quatro hoteis. Os resultados mostraram que os hoteis ficaram muito satisfeitos com o sistema e que a construcao de um prototipo e um bom metodo para desenvolver e avaliar os sistemas de GP.
Effect of vaporization and melt ejection on laser machining of silica glass micro-optical components (2002)

A new regime for silica glass machining for micro-optical fabrication applications, which uses pulsed CO2 laser radiation in the 2.5-100-micros pulse width region that has been generated by an acousto-optic modulator, is investigated. A filamentary melt ejection process that generates fibers and significant melt displacement limits machining quality below 30-micros pulse width. Ablation and melt ejection thresholds are quantified relative to pulse width, and the region from 30 to 50 micros is identified for low-threshold, smooth machining without melt displacement and ejection effects.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce an Inflammatory Response After Intravenous Infusion (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunosuppressive effects in vitro and are considered as a therapeutic option for autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. While MSCs show beneficial effects on immune disease progression and transplant survival in animal models, the immunomodulatory mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In the present study, we show that intravenously infused C57BL/6- green fluorescent protein (GFP) MSCs home to the lungs in C57BL/6 recipient mice and induce an inflammatory response. This response was characterized by increased mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), IL1-β, and TNF-α and an increase in macrophages in lung tissue 2 h after MSC infusion. Simultaneously, serum levels of proinflammatory IL6, CXCL1, and MCP1 protein increased, demonstrating systemic immune activation after MSC infusion. In liver tissue, no C57BL/6-GFP MSCs were detected, but MCP1 and TNF-α mRNA levels peaked 4 h after MSC infusion. The expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β, IL4, and IL10 was only marginally affected. Nevertheless, 3 days after MSC infusion, animals developed a milder inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharides. Our results suggest that the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of MSCs originate from an inflammatory response that is induced by the infusion of MSCs, which is followed by a phase of reduced immune reactivity.
Pseudotyping human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein does not reduce the cell-dependent requirement of Vif for optimal infectivity: functional difference between Vif and Nef (1999)

The functions of Vif and Nef in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have some similarities: Vif- and Nef-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 replication is cell type-specific, and defective mutations in these genes result in restricted proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. It has recently been shown that pseudotyping HIV-1 by the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses the requirement of Nef for virus infectivity. In this study, we examined whether VSV-G pseudotyping suppresses the requirement of Vif for HIV-1 infectivity. It was found that pseudotyping HIV-1 by VSV-G did not compensate for the Vif function. Together with the findings that Vif does not influence virus binding/entry and virion incorporation of Env, it is concluded that Vif enhances HIV-1 infectivity at the post-entry step(s) independently of the Env function by a different mechanism to that of Nef.
Interactive shape design using volumetric implicit PDEs (2003)

Solid modeling based on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) can potentially unify both geometric constraints and functional requirements within a single design framework to model real-world objects via its explicit, direct integration with parametric geometry. In contrast, implicit functions indirectly define geometric objects as the level-set of underlying scalar fields. To maximize the modeling potential of PDE-based methodology, in this paper we tightly couple PDEs with volumetric implicit functions in order to achieve interactive, intuitive shape representation, manipulation, and deformation. In particular, the unified approach can reconstruct the PDE geometry of arbitrary topology from scattered data points or a set of sketch curves. We make use of a fourth-order elliptic PDE to define the volumetric implicit function. The proposed implicit PDE model has the capability to reconstruct a complete solid model from partial information and facilitates the direct manipulation of underlying volumetric datasets via sketch curves, iso-surface sculpting, deformation of arbitrary interior regions, as well as a set of CSG operations inside the working space.The prototype system that we have developed allows designers to interactively sketch the curve outlines of the object, define intensity values and gradient directions, and specify interpolatory points in the 3D working space. The governing implicit PDE treats these constraints as generalized boundary conditions to determine the unknown scalar intensity values over the entire working space. The implicit shape is reconstructed with specified intensity value accordingly and can be deformed using a set of sculpting toolkits. We use the finite-difference discretization and variational interpolating approach with the localized iterative solver for the numerical integration of our PDEs in order to accommodate the diversity of generalized boundary constraints.
IgM and IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) detected by an enzyme immunoassay based on an HEV-specific artificial recombinant mosaic protein (1996)

To develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus (HEV) (IgM anti-HEV) and IgG antibody to HEV (IgG anti-HEV), a synthetic gene encoding several liner immunodominant antigenic epitopes from HEV structural proteins was assembled as a chimeric recombinant mosaic protein (Mpr) with glutathione S-transferase and used as an immunodiagnostic target. In addition, a neutralization confirmation test was developed using individual synthetic peptides. Among 614 patients with acute hepatitis from 10 geographically distinct outbreaks, IgG anti-HEV was found in 546 (88.9%), with a range of 77-100% depending on the outbreak. Of 130 patients tested for IgM anti-HEV, 126 (96.9%) were positive. Among patients tested within 4 months of onset of jaundice, 37/37 (100%) were IgG anti-HEV positive. For patients from whom sera were collected 1-16 days after onset of jaundice, the geometric mean IgG titer (GMT) was 1:47,000; the GMT increased to 1:70,710 30-40 days after onset of jaundice and decreased to 1:1,778 3-4 months after the onset of jaundice. For patients tested 6-8 months after onset of jaundice, 11/12 (92%) were IgG anti-HEV positive, and the GMT was 1:2,908. IgM anti-HEV was detected in 43/43 (100%) sera collected 1-40 days after onset of jaundice, and the GMT for IgM anti-HEV was 1:10,000 at that time. For sera collected 3-4 and 6-12 months after onset of jaundice, 7/14 (50%) and 5/12 (40%) respectively, were IgM anti-HEV positive. In conclusion, an artificial mosaic protein composed of linear antigenic epitopes from open reading frame 2 (ORF2) and ORF3 of HEV has been successfully applied to the development of a sensitive and specific EIA for the detection of IgG and IgM anti-HEV activity. These assays were used for the verification of HEV infection in outbreak settings and for the diagnosis of HEV infection in sporadic cases.
Blue Light-induced Reactivity of Retinal Age Pigment (1995)

Exposure of the eye to intense light, particularly blue light, can cause irreversible, oxygen-dependent damage to the retina. However, no key chromophores that trigger such photooxidative processes have been identified yet. We have found that illumination of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells with light induces significant uptake of oxygen that is both wavelength- and age-dependent. Analysis of photoreactivity of RPE cells and their age pigment lipofuscin indicates that the observed photoreactivity in RPE cells is primarily due to the presence of lipofuscin, which, under aerobic conditions, generates several oxygen-reactive species including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide. We have also found that lipofuscin-photosensitized aerobic reactions lead to enhanced lipid peroxidation as measured by accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde in illuminated pigment granules. Hydrogen peroxide is only a minor product of aerobic photoexcitation of lipofuscin. We postulate that lipofuscin is a potential photosensitizer that may increase the risk of retinal photodamage and contribute to the development of age-related maculopathy.
<i>In vivo</i> comparison of jellyfish and bovine collagen sponges as prototype medical devices (2017)

Jellyfish have emerged as a source of next generation collagen that is an attractive alternative to existing sources, such as bovine and porcine, due to a plentiful supply and providing a safer source through lack of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) transmission risk and potential viral vectors, both of which could be transmitted to humans. Here we compare collagen implantable sponges derived for the first time from the Rhizostoma pulmo jellyfish. A further novelty for the research was that there was a comparison for sponges that were either uncrosslinked or crosslinked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and an assessment on how this affected resorption, as well as their biocompatibility compared to bovine type I collagen sponges. The scaffolds were prepared and examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were implanted in adult male Wistar rats for in vivo experimentation. Both crosslinked and uncrosslinked jellyfish collagen sponges showed a significant reduction in histopathology scores over the course of the study, whereas the bovine collagen sponge scores were not significantly reduced. Both jellyfish collagen sponges and the bovine sponge were tolerated well by the hosts, and a recovery was visible in all samples, suggesting that R. pulmo jellyfish-derived collagen could offer compelling biocompatibility with wound healing applications. We also demonstrate that noncrosslinked samples could be safer with better resorption times than crosslinked samples. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1524-1533, 2018.
Defective maintenance of T cell tolerance to a superantigen in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. (1992)

In normal mice neonatal injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induces tolerance in T cells that express reactive T cell receptor (TCR) V beta regions. To determine if a T cell neonatal defect was present in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, 20 micrograms of SEB was injected intraperitoneally every other day into V beta 8.2 TCR transgenic and nontransgenic MRL(-)+/+ and MRL-lpr/lpr mice from birth to 2 wk of age. At 2 wk of age, V beta 8+ T cells were depleted, and SEB reactivity was lost, in spleen, lymph node, and thymus. These effects were equivalent in +/+ and lpr/lpr SEB-tolerized mice. However, MRL-lpr/lpr mice failed to maintain neonatal tolerance. By 4 wk of age, there was a dramatic increase in T cells expressing V beta 8.2 in the peripheral lymph nodes of MRL-lpr/lpr mice but not MRL(-)+/+ mice. In vitro stimulation with SEB or TCR crosslinking revealed a total loss of neonatal tolerance 2 wk after cessation of SEB treatment in lpr/lpr mice, but not +/+ mice. The time-course of recovery of V beta 8+ T cells and reactivity to SEB and TCR crosslinking in the thymus of MRL-lpr/lpr mice was similar to that in the lymph node. Thymectomy at 2 wk of age eliminated tolerance loss in lymph nodes of MRL-lpr/lpr mice at 4 wk of age, indicating that loss of peripheral tolerance was due to the emigration of untolerized T cells from the thymus. Challenge of neonatally tolerized MRL-lpr/lpr mice with SEB (100 micrograms, i.p.) at 8 wk of age resulted in a dramatic onset of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by 30% weight loss and 60% morality. This indicated that loss of tolerance to SEB also occurred in vivo. In contrast, neonatally tolerized MRL(-)+/+ mice remained totally unresponsive to SEB challenge and did not undergo any detectable weight loss. These results suggest that there is normal induction of neonatal tolerance to SEB in lpr/lpr mice, but that tolerance is not maintained after the tolerizing antigen is removed. This loss of neonatal tolerance can lead to severe weight loss and death on exposure to the tolerizing antigen later in life.