gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Faces Using Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (2017)

Face detection has achieved great success using the region-based methods. In this report, we propose a region-based face detector applying deep networks in a fully convolutional fashion, named Face R-FCN. Based on Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (R-FCN), our face detector is more accurate and computational efficient compared with the previous R-CNN based face detectors. In our approach, we adopt the fully convolutional Residual Network (ResNet) as the backbone network. Particularly, We exploit several new techniques including position-sensitive average pooling, multi-scale training and testing and on-line hard example mining strategy to improve the detection accuracy. Over two most popular and challenging face detection benchmarks, FDDB and WIDER FACE, Face R-FCN achieves superior performance over state-of-the-arts.
α-Furildioxime Complexes of Rhenium (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Furildioxime Complexes of RheniumJ. E. Fergusson and J. H. GainsfordCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 2, 290Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50012a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (172 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Capacitance analysis of Al <sub>0.25</sub> Ga <sub>0.75</sub> N/GaN heterostructure barrier varactor diodes (2005)

The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN heterostructure barrier varactors (HBV) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on a c-oriented sapphire substrate were studied. The favorable material properties of wide-band-gap III-N's are important in realizing the HBVs for frequency triples and distributed line pulse sharpens for practical use. The HBV structure consists of a 10-nm-thick undoped Al0.25Ga0.75N barrier sandwiched between two undoped GaN layers with a thickness of 5 nm. The barrier structure is further sandwiched between two n-GaN (n = 5 × 1017 cm–3) layers with respective thicknesses of 500 nm and 1 µm to form the top and the bottom ohmic contacts. At room temperature, the C-V characteristics show a maximum capacitance Cmax at approximately –1.8 V because of the induced piezoelectric field within the heterostructure, and the I-V characteristics show an increase in leakage current below –1.5 V and above 0.5 V. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cation‐Chloride Cotransporters and GABA‐ergic Innervation in the Human Epileptic Hippocampus (2007)

Intracellular chloride concentration, [Cl(-)](i), determines the polarity of GABA(A)-induced neuronal Cl(-) currents. In neurons, [Cl(-)](i) is set by the activity of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporters (NKCC) such as NKCC1, which physiologically accumulate Cl(-) in the cell, and Cl(-) extruding K(+), Cl(-) cotransporters like KCC2. Alterations in the balance of NKCC1 and KCC2 activity may determine the switch from hyperpolarizing to depolarizing effects of GABA, reported in the subiculum of epileptic patients with hippocampal sclerosis. We studied the expression of NKCC (putative NKCC1) and KCC2 in human normal temporal neocortex by Western blot analysis and in normal and epileptic regions of the subiculum and the hippocampus proper using immunocytochemistry. Western blot analysis revealed NKCC and KCC2 proteins in adult human neocortical membranes similar to those in rat neocortex. NKCC and KCC2 immunolabeling of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells was found in normal and epileptic hippocampal formation. In the transition between the subiculum with sclerotic regions of CA1, known to exhibit epileptogenic activity, double immunolabeling of NKCC and KCC2 revealed that approximately 20% of the NKCC-immunoreactive neurons do not express KCC2. In these same areas some neurons were distinctly hyperinnervated by parvalbumin (PV) positive hypertrophic basket formations that innervated mostly neurons expressing NKCC (74%) and to a lesser extent NKCC-immunonegative neurons (26%). Hypertrophic basket formations also innervated KCC2-positive (76%) and -negative (24%) neurons. The data suggest that changes in the relative expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 in neurons having aberrant GABA-ergic hyperinnervation may contribute to epileptiform activity in the subicular regions adjacent to sclerotic areas of the hippocampus.
3D Panoramic Virtual Reality Video Quality Assessment Based on 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Virtual reality (VR), a new type of simulation and interaction technology, has aroused widespread attention and research interest. It is necessary to evaluate the VR quality and provide a standard for the rapidly developing technology. To the best of our knowledge, a few researchers have built benchmark databases and designed related algorithms, which has hindered the further development of the VR technology. In this paper, a free available data set (VRQ-TJU) for VR quality assessment is proposed with subjective scores for each sample data. The validity for the designed database has been proved based on the traditional multimedia quality assessment metrics. In addition, an end-to-end 3-D convolutional neural network is introduced to predict the VR video quality without a referenced VR video. This method can extract spatiotemporal features and does not require using hand-crafted features. At the same time, a new score fusion strategy is designed based on the characteristics of the VR video projection process. Taking the pre-processed VR video patches as input, the network captures local spatiotemporal features and gets the score of every patch. Then, the new quality score fusion strategy is applied to get the final score. Such approach shows advanced performance on this database.
Entangling Macroscopic Oscillators Exploiting Radiation Pressure (2002)

It is shown that radiation pressure can be profitably used to entangle macroscopic oscillators like movable mirrors, using present technology. We prove a new sufficient criterion for entanglement and show that the achievable entanglement is robust against thermal noise. Its signature can be revealed using common optomechanical readout apparatus.
Dead-zone-less PLL frequency synthesizer by hybrid phase detectors (2003)

In this paper, in order to achieve the low phase noise in a PLL frequency synthesizer, we propose a new dead-zone-less PLL frequency synthesizer by hybrid phase detectors. We have developed the combination divider with (N+ 1/2 ) programmable divider and ( 1/2 ) fixed divider and the 90 degrees shift circuit and developed hybrid phase detectors method with both the exclusive-OR type phase detector and the normal frequency-phase detector. The former detector requires the two input signals with 50% duty factor and /spl pi//2 phase difference under the locked state. A (N+ 1/2 ) programmable divider with a ( 1/2 ) fixed divider and the 90/spl deg/ phase shifter are effectively employed to meet the above conditions. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed synthesizer works successfully.
New Methods of Processing Silicon Slices (1980)

Through the use of room-temperature, radio-frequency plasma ionization of gases, the insulating, conducting, and semiconducting materials associated with the fabrication of silicon integrated circuits can be patterned to submicrometer dimensions. A tutorial description is presented of the fabrication techniques used in the past with an overview of where plasma processing has made noteworthy improvements in the lithography of materials.
Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS) Assessment of Data Networking and Communications (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Transmission of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> from an Infectious Biofilm in the Flea Vector (2004)

Transmission of plague by fleas depends on infection of the proventricular valve in the insect's foregut by a dense aggregate of Yersinia pestis. Proventricular infection requires the Y. pestis hemin storage (hms) genes; here, we show that the hms genes are also required to produce an extracellular matrix and a biofilm in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that a transmissible infection in the flea depends on the development of a biofilm on the hydrophobic, acellular surface of spines that line the interior of the proventriculus. The development of biofilm and proventricular infection did not depend on the 3 Y. pestis quorum-sensing systems. The extracellular matrix enveloping the Y. pestis biofilm in the flea appeared to incorporate components from the flea's blood meal, and bacteria released from the biofilm were more resistant to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than were in vitro-grown Y. pestis. Enabling arthropod-borne transmission represents a novel function of a bacterial biofilm.
Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber (2004)

Tunable light switch using a photonic crystal fiber filled with nematic liquid crystal is demonstrated. The original band-gap-guiding fiber structure was transformed to a total internal reflection-guiding photonic crystal fiber by filling liquid crystal into the air core and cladding air holes. By applying external voltage to the liquid-crystal-filled fiber, we have demonstrated an electrically tunable fiber-optical switch with over 30dB attenuation at 60Vrms for a He-Ne laser beam. This liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber will find useful applications in fiber-optic communication systems.
A Mobile Mass Spectrometer for Comprehensive On-Line Analysis of Trace and Bulk Components of Complex Gas Mixtures:  Parallel Application of the Laser-Based Ionization Methods VUV Single- Photon Ionization, Resonant Multiphoton Ioniza- tion, and Laser-Induced Electron Impact Ionization (2001)

A newly developed compact and mobile time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for on-line analysis and monitoring of complex gas mixtures is presented. The instrument is designed for a (quasi-)simultaneous application of three ionization techniques that exhibit different ionization selectivities. The highly selective resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) technique, using 266-nm UV laser pulses, is applied for selective and fragmentationless ionization of aromatic compounds at trace levels (parts-per-billion volume range). Mass spectra obtained using this technique show the chemical signature solely of monocyclic (benzene, phenols, etc.) and polycyclic (naphthalene, phenathrene, indol, etc.) aromatic species. Furthermore, the less selective but still fragmentationless single photon ionization (SPI) technique with 118-nm VUV laser pulses allows the ionization of compounds with an ionization potential below 10.5 eV. Mass spectra obtained using this technique show the profile of most organic compounds (aliphatic and aromatic species, like nonane, acetaldehyde, or pyrrol) and some inorganic compounds (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen monoxide). Finally, the nonselective ionization technique laser-induced electron-impact ionization (LEI) is applied. However, the sensitivity of the LEI technique is adjusted to be fairly low. Thus, the LEI signal in the mass spectra gives information on the inorganic bulk constituents of the sample (i.e., compounds such as water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide). Because the three ionization methods (REMPI, SPI, LEI) exhibit largely different ionization selectivities, the isolated application of each method alone solely provides specific mass spectrometric information about the sample composition. Special techniques have been developed and applied which allow the quasi-parallel use of all three ionization techniques for on-line monitoring purposes. Thus, a comprehensive characterization of complex samples is feasible jointly using the characteristic advantages of the three ionization techniques. Laboratory applications show results on rapid overview characterization of mineral oil-based fuels and coffee headspace. The first reported field applications include timely resolved on-line monitoring results on automobile exhausts and of waste incineration flue gas.
CD4 T Cells Are Required for CD8 T Cell Survival during Both Primary and Memory Recall Responses (2007)

The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious pathogens remains incompletely defined. The primary CD8 T response to infections was initially thought to be largely independent of CD4 T cells, but it is not clear why some primary, pathogen-specific CD8 T cell responses are CD4 T cell dependent. Furthermore, although the generation of functional memory CD8 T cells is CD4 T cell help dependent, it remains controversial when the "help" is needed. In this study, we demonstrated that CD4 T cell help was not needed for the activation and effector differentiation of CD8 T cells during the primary response to vaccinia virus infection. However, the activated CD8 T cells showed poor survival without CD4 T cell help, leading to a reduction in clonal expansion and a diminished, but stable CD8 memory pool. In addition, we observed that CD4 T cell help provided during both the primary and secondary responses was required for the survival of memory CD8 T cells during recall expansion. Our study indicates that CD4 T cells play a crucial role in multiple stages of CD8 T cell response to vaccinia virus infection and may help to design effective vaccine strategies.
Breast cancer cell contamination of blood stem cell products in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Predictors and clinical relevance (2002)

The incidence and clinical relevance of tumor cells contaminating the stem cell products of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy is uncertain because prior studies used small sample sizes and lacked standardization of the immunocytochemistry (ICC) detection method used. We evaluated blood stem cell and bone marrow samples obtained from 535 women with metastatic breast cancer who received high-dose chemotherapy and unmanipulated mobilized blood stem cell support. Of the patients tested, 20.6% and 26.3% had blood stem cell and bone marrow contamination, respectively. Blood stem cell contamination was significantly more frequent in patients with marrow involvement than in patients without marrow involvement (35% versus 18.4%, respectively; P = .009). In fact, according to multivariate analysis results, marrow involvement was the only significant predictor for blood stem cell product contamination. Patients without marrow involvement who had fewer apheresis procedures were also observed to have a significantly lower incidence rate of blood stem cell contamination than patients who had more procedures (P < or = .008), and patients who received combined chemotherapy and cytokine mobilization therapy had less contamination than patients who received cytokine alone (P = .0001). Combined mobilization therapy appears to be associated with a lower incidence of contamination as a result of fewer apheresis procedures rather than through an antitumor effect of chemotherapy (P < or = .001). Patients with ICC-negative blood stem cell products had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than did patients with ICC-positive blood stem cell products (median PFS, 401 versus 291 days, respectively, P = .007; median OS, 1060 versus 697 days, P = .009) . However, multivariate analysis did not reveal any significant independent predictors of survival outcomes. Thus, further study is needed to determine if contaminating tumor cells in the stem cell products of breast cancer patients ever directly impact survival outcomes or are only indicative of residual in vivo disease in high-dose chemotherapy recipients.
SREBPs: Transcriptional Mediators of Lipid Homeostasis (2002)

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs)are a family of membrane-bound transcription factorsthat regulate cellular lipid synthesis and the clearance ofatherogenic lipoproteins from the blood. They were initially isolated as proteins that transcriptionally regulatedtwo genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, the lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, a transmembraneprotein responsible for binding and internalizing LDLcholesterol from plasma, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, a key enzymein the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (Goldstein et al.2002). Subsequent studies have revealed that SREBPs directly activate the expression of more than 30 genes dedicated to the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol, fattyacids, triglycerides, and phospholipids, as well as theNADPH cofactor required to synthesize these molecules(Horton et al. 2002). In this paper, we will focus on thetranscriptional activating properties of each SREBP family member, and how the regulation of each SREBP isoform provides a mechanism for cells to coordinately andindependently regulate the lipid biosynthetic pathways...
Target Simulator to Calibrate Wideband Radar in Measuring the Internal Layers of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2004)

We developed a hardware target simulator for measuring the system response and testing of an airborne wideband radar that operates over the frequency range 600-900 MHz to map the near-surface internal layers in glacial ice. It uses optical and microwave delay lines for evaluating and optimizing the performance of the wideband radar in the continental United States without expensive field trips to polar regions and can be used to test the radar without interfering with commercial wireless devices and television stations. The target simulator replicates the feed-through signal between the transmit and receive antenna, as well as reflections from the air-firn interface and the internal layers of the ice sheet, which are spaced about 50 cm apart. This is because the measured radar resolution is about 60 cm in free space and can map layers with about 50-cm resolution in firn. We simulated the internal layers by incorporating a feedback loop with a short delay line. The target simulator is being used for testing and evaluation of the radar in the laboratory and for in-flight testing of the radar.
Nutritional management of cardiovascular risk factors. A randomized clinical trial (1997)

Nutritionally balanced meals that meet the recommendations of national health organizations improved multiple risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease. The CCNW plan resulted in greater clinical benefits, nutritional completeness, and compliance than the self-selected diet. The CCNW is a comprehensive nutrition plan, convenient for both prescription and practice, and appears viable for effecting favorable dietary changes in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
Feasibility of Activated Carbon Production from Biological Sludge by Chemical Activation with ZnCl2 and H2SO4 (1996)

Abstract The transformation of surplus biological sludge to activated carbon by chemical activation with H2SO4 and ZnCl2 was investigated. The best result was obtained by pyrolysis and activation at 500°C for one hour with H2SO4. The surface area of the product was 257 m2 per gram. The quality of the carbons was tested for the aqueous phase phenol uptake and compared with a commercial activated carbon. Keywords: Biological sludgeactivated carbonwaste minimizationphenol adsorptionchemical activation
The magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (oxidative) cyclase system. Studies on the mechanism and specificity of the reaction sequence. (1988)

Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase activity was assayed in isolated developing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. Beit Alpha) chloroplasts [Chereskin, Wong & Castelfranco (1982) Plant Physiol. 70, 987-993]. The presence of both 6- and 7-methyl esterase activities was detected, which permitted the use of diester porphyrins in a substrate-specificity study. It was found that: (1) the 6-methyl acrylate derivative of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester was inactive as a substrate for cyclization; (2) only one of the two enantiomers of 6-beta-hydroxy-Mg-protoporphyrin dimethyl ester had detectable activity as a substrate for the cyclase; (3) the 2-vinyl-4-ethyl-6-beta-oxopropionate derivatives of Mg-protoporphyrin mono- or di-methyl ester were approx. 4 times more active as substrates for cyclization than the corresponding divinyl forms; (4) at the level of Mg-protoporphyrin there was no difference in cyclase activity between the 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl substrates; (5) reduction of the side chain of Mg-protoporphyrin in the 2-position from a vinyl to an ethyl resulted in a partial loss of cyclase activity. This work suggests that the original scheme for cyclization proposed by Granick [(1950) Harvey Lect. 44, 220-245] should now be modified by the omission of the 6-methyl acrylate derivative of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester and the introduction of stereo-specificity at the level of the hydroxylated intermediate.
B cells from patients with chronic GVHD are activated and primed for survival via BAFF-mediated pathways (2012)

Recent data reveal an important role for B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Patients with cGVHD have delayed B-cell reconstitution and elevated BAFF to B-cell ratios compared to patients without cGVHD. The mechanisms promoting and sustaining B-cell activation in this disease, however, remain unknown. As BAFF increases murine B-cell metabolism and survival and maintains autoreactive B-cell clones, we performed ex vivo analyses of peripheral B cells from 51 patients who either had or did not have active cGVHD and were greater than 1 year from the time of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We found that B cells from patients with active cGVHD were in a heightened metabolic state and were resistant to apoptosis. Exogenous BAFF treatment amplified cell size and survival in B cells from these patients. We found significantly increased signaling through ERK and AKT that associated with decreased levels of proapoptotic Bim, suggesting a mechanistic link between elevated BAFF levels and aberrant B-cell survival. Thus, we identify a role for BAFF in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and define B-cell activation and survival pathways suitable for novel therapeutic development in cGVHD.