gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer networks: Protocols, standards, and interfaces (1987)

Reflecting the technological advances made since the first edition, this book offers a tutorial on the major types of networks in use today. Each chapter provides a complete description of a major computer network technology. This edition has a new modular organization with three introductory chapters, followed by a collection of tutorials on the various key subject areas.
Memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) dissociated: Normal spatial memory despite CA1 LTP elimination with <i>Kv1.4</i> antisense (1998)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal slice preparation has been proposed as an in vitro model for long-term memory. However, correlation of LTP with memory in living animals has been difficult to demonstrate. Furthermore, in the last few years evidence has accumulated that dissociate the two. Because potassium channels might determine the weight of synapses in networks, we studied the role of Kv1.4, a presynaptic A-type voltage-dependent K+ channel, in both memory and LTP. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis with specific antibodies showed that antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide to Kv1.4 microinjected intraventricularly into rat brains obstructed hippocampal Kv1.4 mRNA, "knocking down" the protein in the hippocampus. This antisense knockdown had no effect on rat spatial maze learning, memory, or exploratory behavior, but eliminated both early- and late-phase LTP and reduced paired-pulse facilitation (a presynaptic effect) in CA1 pyramidal neurons without affecting dentate gyrus LTP. This presynaptic Kv1.4 knockdown together with previous postsynaptic Kv1.1 knockdown demonstrates that CA1 LTP is neither necessary nor sufficient for rat spatial memory.
Fragmented Carbon Nanotube Macrofilms as Adhesive Conductors for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Polymer binders such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and conductive additives such as carbon black (CB) are indispensable components for manufacturing battery electrodes in addition to active materials. The concept of adhesive conductors employing fragmented carbon nanotube macrofilms (FCNTs) is demonstrated by constructing composite electrodes with a typical active material, LiMn2O4. The adhesive FCNT conductors provide not only a high electrical conductivity but also a strong adhesive force, functioning simultaneously as both the conductive additives and the binder materials for lithium-ion batteries. Such composite electrodes exhibit superior high-rate and retention capabilities compared to the electrodes using a conventional binder (PVDF) and a conductive additive (CB). An in situ tribology method combining wear track imaging and force measurement is employed to evaluate the adhesion strength of the adhesive FCNT conductors. The adhesive FCNT conductors exhibit higher adhesion strength than PVDF. It has further been confirmed that the adhesive FCNT conductor can be used in both cathodes and anodes and is proved to be a competent substitute for polymer binders to maintain mechanical integrity and at the same time to provide electrical connectivity of active materials in the composite electrodes. The organic-solvent-free electrode manufacturing offers a promising strategy for the battery industry.
Tetra‐<i>tert</i>‐butyltetrahedrane (1978)

The stable tetrahedrane derivative (3)—the very first alkyl-substituted tetrahedrane—has now been synthesized photochemically from the cyclopentadienone (1). 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass, and IR spectra, as well as the reversible isomerization to (2), are compatible with the tetrahedrane structure. The unexpected stability of the compound is attributed to substitution of all four corners of the skeleton with bulky groups.—The starting material (1), which is also new could only be prepared under “forbidden conditions”.
Transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients with irritable bowel syndrome alters gut function and behavior in recipient mice (2017)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by altered gut function and often is accompanied by comorbid anxiety. Although changes in the gut microbiota have been documented, their relevance to the clinical expression of IBS is unknown. To evaluate a functional role for commensal gut bacteria in IBS, we colonized germ-free mice with the fecal microbiota from healthy control individuals or IBS patients with diarrhea (IBS-D), with or without anxiety, and monitored gut function and behavior in the transplanted mice. Microbiota profiles in recipient mice clustered according to the microbiota profiles of the human donors. Mice receiving the IBS-D fecal microbiota showed a taxonomically similar microbial composition to that of mice receiving the healthy control fecal microbiota. However, IBS-D mice showed different serum metabolomic profiles. Mice receiving the IBS-D fecal microbiota, but not the healthy control fecal microbiota, exhibited faster gastrointestinal transit, intestinal barrier dysfunction, innate immune activation, and anxiety-like behavior. These results indicate the potential of the gut microbiota to contribute to both intestinal and behavioral manifestations of IBS-D and suggest the potential value of microbiota-directed therapies in IBS patients.
Approximations to the Zoeppritz equations and their use in AVO analysis (1999)

Abstract To efficiently invert seismic amplitudes for elastic parameters, pseudoquartic approximations to the Zoeppritz equations are derived to calculate P-P-wave reflection and transmission coefficients as a function of the ray parameter p. These explicit expressions have a compact form in which the coefficients of the p 2 and p 4 terms are given in terms of the vertical slownesses. The amplitude coefficients are also represented as a quadratic function of the elastic contrasts at an interface and are compared to the linear approximation used in conventional amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis, which can invert for only two elastic parameters. Numerical analysis with the second-order approximation shows that the condition number of the Frechet matrix for three elastic parameters is improved significantly from using a linear approximation. Therefore, those quadratic approximations can be used directly with amplitude information to estimate not only two but three parameters: P-wave velocity contrast, S-wave velocity contrast, and the ratio of S-wave and P-wave velocities at an interface.
Study of mitral valve in human cadaveric hearts (2012)

The mitral valve is not always a bicuspid valve. The number of cusps varies greatly. An increase in the number of the cusp and their improper approximation most likely causes various valvular disorders.
Polymer Nanocomposites with Nanowhiskers Isolated from Microcrystalline Cellulose (2009)

The ability to produce polymer nanocomposites, which comprise a percolating, three-dimensional network of well-individualized nanofibers, is important to maximize the reinforcing effect of the nanofibers. While microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been previously shown to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites, the formation of fibrous percolating networks within the nanocomposites has been stifled. Through the utilization of a template approach, nanocomposites based on an ethylene oxide/epichlorohydrin copolymer and nanowhiskers isolated from MCC were produced that display the maximum mechanical reinforcement predicted by the percolation model.
Peano-HASEL actuators: Muscle-mimetic, electrohydraulic transducers that linearly contract on activation (2018)

Soft robotic systems are well suited to unstructured, dynamic tasks and environments, owing to their ability to adapt and conform without damaging themselves or their surroundings. These abilities are crucial in areas such as human-robot interaction. Soft robotic systems are currently limited by the soft actuators that power them. To date, most soft actuators are based on pneumatics or shape-memory alloys, which have issues with efficiency, response speed, and portability. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are controlled and powered electrically and excel with muscle-like actuation, but they typically require a rigid frame and prestretch to perform effectively. In addition, DEAs require complex stacks or structures to achieve linear contraction modes. We present a class of soft electrohydraulic transducers, termed Peano-HASEL (hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic) actuators, that combine the strengths of fluidic actuators and electrostatic actuators, while addressing many of their issues. These actuators use both electrostatic and hydraulic principles to linearly contract on application of voltage in a muscle-like fashion, without rigid frames, prestretch, or stacked configurations. We fabricated these actuators using a facile heat-sealing method with inexpensive commercially available materials. These prototypical devices demonstrated controllable linear contraction up to 10%, a strain rate of 900% per second, actuation at 50 hertz, and the ability to lift more than 200 times their weight. In addition, these actuators featured characteristics such as high optical transparency and the ability to self-sense their deformation state. Hence, this class of actuators demonstrates promise for applications such as active prostheses, medical and industrial automation, and autonomous robotic devices.
Multi-class object localization by combining local contextual interactions (2010)

Recent work in object localization has shown that the use of contextual cues can greatly improve accuracy over models that use appearance features alone. Although many of these models have successfully explored different types of contextual sources, they only consider one type of contextual interaction (e.g., pixel, region or object level interactions), leaving open questions about the true potential contribution of context. Furthermore, contributions across object classes and over appearance features still remain unknown. In this work, we introduce a novel model for multi-class object localization that incorporates different levels of contextual interactions. We study contextual interactions at pixel, region and object level by using three different sources of context: semantic, boundary support and contextual neighborhoods. Our framework learns a single similarity metric from multiple kernels, combining pixel and region interactions with appearance features, and then uses a conditional random field to incorporate object level interactions. We perform experiments on two challenging image databases: MSRC and PASCAL VOC 2007. Experimental results show that our model outperforms current state-of-the-art contextual frameworks and reveals individual contributions for each contextual interaction level, as well as the importance of each type of feature in object localization.
Differential Transient and Long-Term Expression of DNA Sequences Introduced into T-Lymphocyte Lines (1986)

We have used a protoplast fusion protocol to introduce the genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) into murine and human T-lymphocyte lines. Plasmid constructs containing the neo gene under the control of the promoters from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (RSV LTR), the SV40 early region, or the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV TK) can stably transform each of three T-cell lines to G-418 resistance. The characteristic frequencies for different cell lines can differ by at least two orders of magnitude, although initial DNA uptake and transient expression are similar. In the two murine cell lines, low numbers of gene copies are retained in long-term transformants. Prior to integration, transient expression assays for cat or neo gene products reveal that the differences in intrinsic promoter strength of different constructs are further influenced by the coding sequences being transcribed. Thus, while transient expression of the neo protein is similar from both the Rous LTR and the SV40 early promoter, the Rous LTR directs synthesis of CAT protein at levels two orders of magnitude higher than those from the SV40 early promoter.
Peramivir Use for Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Under Emergency Use Authorization, October 2009-June 2010 (2012)

Approximately 1274 hospitalized patients received peramivir through EUA program during the pH1N1 pandemic. Further analyses are needed to assess the clinical effectiveness of peramivir treatment of hospitalized patients with pH1N1.
Feasibility Assessment of an Extravehicular Activity Glove Sensing Platform to Evaluate Potential Hand Injury Risk Factors (2015)

Bellevue, Washington
Generalized Integrate-and-Fire Models of Neuronal Activity Approximate Spike Trains of a Detailed Model to a High Degree of Accuracy (2004)

We demonstrate that single-variable integrate-and-fire models can quantitatively capture the dynamics of a physiologically detailed model for fast-spiking cortical neurons. Through a systematic set of approximations, we reduce the conductance-based model to 2 variants of integrate-and-fire models. In the first variant (nonlinear integrate-and-fire model), parameters depend on the instantaneous membrane potential, whereas in the second variant, they depend on the time elapsed since the last spike [Spike Response Model (SRM)]. The direct reduction links features of the simple models to biophysical features of the full conductance-based model. To quantitatively test the predictive power of the SRM and of the nonlinear integrate-and-fire model, we compare spike trains in the simple models to those in the full conductance-based model when the models are subjected to identical randomly fluctuating input. For random current input, the simple models reproduce 70-80 percent of the spikes in the full model (with temporal precision of +/-2 ms) over a wide range of firing frequencies. For random conductance injection, up to 73 percent of spikes are coincident. We also present a technique for numerically optimizing parameters in the SRM and the nonlinear integrate-and-fire model based on spike trains in the full conductance-based model. This technique can be used to tune simple models to reproduce spike trains of real neurons.
Effect of cilostazol, a new antithrombotic drug, on cerebral circulation. (1985)

The effects on cerebral blood flow and the selectivity of the vasodilating action of cilostazol (6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-qui nolinone, OPC-13013), a new antithrombotic drug, were investigated. In anesthetized dogs, cilostazol increased the venous outflow from the superior sagittal sinus in doses of higher than 10 micrograms/kg i.v. In anesthetized cats, cilostazol was demonstrated by the hydrogen clearance method to cause a dose-dependent increase in blood flow in both the white matter and the grey matter in doses of higher than 10 micrograms/kg/min i.v. The effective dose of cilostazol when compared at ED25 values, which is the dose required to produce a 25% increase in blood flow, was almost equal to that of papaverine and more potent than those of bencyclane and pentoxifylline. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed no significant changes in pCO2, pO2 and pH by intravenous administration of cilostazol. In anesthetized dogs, after intra-arterial administration at a constant perfusion pressure, cilostazol increased the blood flow of the common carotid, internal carotid, vertebral, superior mesenteric and femoral arteries in a dose-dependent manner in doses higher than 1 microgram, and had almost no effect on renal blood flow. High selectivity for the vertebral and femoral arteries was observed.
A practical method for extracting impurity profiles and effective mobilities of MOSFET's with nonuniform channel doping (1990)

Complete profiling of channel impurity concentration up to the surface is presented using Gaussians whose parameters are determined, giving optimum fits to the measured capacitance voltage (C-V) profiles. A rectangular capacitor with a large aspect ratio is found to be effective in reducing series resistance for accurate (C-V) measurements at high frequencies. Effective mobilities are extracted from practical MOSFETs based on numerical analysis of the field effects using the obtained profiles and compared to those for uniform doping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scale-preserving long-term visual odometry for indoor navigation (2012)

We present a visual odometry system for indoor navigation with a focus on long-term robustness and consistency. As our work is targeting mobile phones, we employ monocular SLAM to jointly estimate a local map and the device's trajectory. We specifically address the problem of estimating the scale factor of both, the map and the trajectory. State-of-the-art solutions approach this problem with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which estimates the scale by fusing inertial and visual data, but strongly relies on good initialization and takes time to converge. Each visual tracking failure introduces a new arbitrary scale factor, forcing the filter to re-converge. We propose a fast and robust method for scale initialization that exploits basic geometric properties of the learned local map. Using random projections, we efficiently compute geometric properties from the feature point cloud produced by the visual SLAM system. From these properties (e.g., corridor width or height) we estimate scale changes caused by tracking failures and update the EKF accordingly. As a result, previously achieved convergence is preserved despite re-initializations of the map. To minimize the time required to continue tracking after failure, we perform recovery and re-initialization in parallel. This increases the time available for recovery and hence the likelihood for success, thus allowing almost seamless tracking. Moreover, fewer re-initializations are necessary. We evaluate our approach using extensive and diverse indoor datasets. Results demonstrate that errors and convergence times for scale estimation are considerably reduced, thus ensuring consistent and accurate scale estimation. This enables long-term odometry despite of tracking failures which are inevitable in realistic scenarios.
Metamorphic high electron mobility Te-doped AlInSb/GaInSb heterostructures on InP (001) (2008)

This work reports on the Te δ-doping of high electron mobility AlInSb/GaInSb heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP(001) substrates with a metamorphic approach. The combination of atomic force microscopy and van der Pauw measurements is used to investigate and explain the influence of the buffer layers on the electron mobility and sheet density in the heterostructure. Furthermore, a significant increase in the electron sheet density is reached when the δ-doping plane is incorporated in a thin AlSb layer introduced in the barrier. This improvement is explained by the lower dopant activation energy in the AlSb layer. AlInSb/GaInSb heterostructures with an electron mobility of 18 000 cm2/V s and sheet density of 2.2×1012 cm−2 at room temperature are demonstrated.
PERSISTENCE OF STREPTOCOCCAL GROUP A ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC VALVULAR DISEASE (1968)

Antibody levels to streptococcal Group A and A-variant carbohydrates were determined using a radioactive immune precipitation technique on patients with rheumatic fever, with and without valvular disease, on patients with post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis, and on age-matched controls. During the acute phase of the above illness, the means of the antibody levels to both carbohydrate antigens were equally elevated and were significantly higher than the normal controls. When Group A antibody levels were determined on sera obtained at intervals of 5-12 months and 1-5 yr after the acute illness) it was found that the antibody levels declined within the normal range at the 5-12 month interval in patients with glomerulonephritis as well as in patients with rheumatic fever in whom no valvular involvement had complicated the disease, i.e., patients with pure Sydenham's chorea. However, in patients with rheumatic valvulitis, who had been on penicillin prophylaxis after the last acute episode, the A antibody level showed little decline from the level obtained during the acute illness. The elevated antibody level in patients with rheumatic valvulitis, including patients with Sydenham's chorea with valvulitis, persisted for periods of at least 1 yr and up to 20 yr after the last acute attack. The pattern of the decline of the antibody levels to the A-variant carbohydrate as well as of the antibody titers to the other streptococcal antigens tested, ASO and anti-DNase B, was similar in all patients studied regardless of the presence of valvular disease. These findings suggest that prolonged persistence of the Group A antibody is a phenomenon peculiar to patients with rheumatic valvular disease. Whether this persistence is involved in the pathogenesis or is an outcome of the valvular disease remains to be determined.
The reactions of copper and zinc with calcium carbonate surfaces (1989)

SUMMARY The reaction of copper and zinc were studied by adding the metal nitrate to a 4g:50ml suspension of calcite and water which had been equilibrated for two days, and then equilibrating for a further three days. Zinc behaved in a similar manner to cadmium in forming a surface‐solid solution of Zn χ Ca 1‐χ CO 3 as a result of adsorption, and the pIAP of the equilibrium solutions were close to those expected from the Thorstenson & Plummer equation. However, the continuity from adsorption to precipitation was broken by the formation of Zn 5 (OH) 6 (CO 3 ) 2 which has a higher stability than ZnCO 3 . The CaCO 3 surface appears to constrain the adsorbed Zn to conform to a carbonate structure despite its lower stability than the hydroxy carbonate. The adsorption data for Cu can also be explained in terms of a surface‐solid solution of Cu χ Ca 1‐X CO 3 , but CuCO 3 is not found naturally because of much greater stability of Cu(OH) 2 , and so there is no independent value for the solubility of a CuCO 3 end‐member if a surface‐solid solution is formed. Secondary reactions are more likely to occur for Cu, especially close to the adsorption‐precipitation boundary. Continuity from adsorption to precipitation again was not found. Theory predicts that Cu is less likely to form a surface‐solid solution than Zn. Upper Chalk (calcite with 4% other minerals, mostly quartz) behaved in a similar way but with increased adsorption due to its higher surface area.
Practical applications of timed failure propagation graphs for vehicle diagnosis (2007)

This paper describes how a timed failure propagation graph (TFPG) based reasoner can be used to optimally diagnose failures in a complex real time system, such as an aerospace vehicle. The TFPG approach is a specific instantiation of model based diagnostic reasoning which has been well documented (Abdelwahed et al., 2004). The authors have been collaborating over the last several years to identify the practical issues that are associated with the application of the TFPG reasoner for real time fault isolation in a large scale, dynamically changing environment; the resulting modifications to the reasoner have also been previously documented (Karsai et al., 2006) (Abdelwahed & Karsai, 2007). The focus of this paper is to illustrate, using a notional but representative fuel system case study, how the TFPG reasoner can efficiently and effectively diagnose both single and multiple failure scenarios. Using actual results obtained for this example, we will explore the practical implementation challenges that would typically be encountered when building a diagnostic reasoner implementation, and then demonstrate the TFPG features that have been implemented to address these issues.