gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty (2003)

This study represents the first 39 patients with at least 6-month follow-up enrolled in a prospective randomized Food and Drug Administration study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the ProDisc II versus the control, a 360° lumbar spinal fusion. Data were collected preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), and patient satisfaction rates were evaluated at these intervals, as well as range of motion, return to work, and recreational and ambulatory status. There were 28 ProDisc patients and 11 who underwent fusion. Six patients had two-level surgery. Estimated blood loss (ProDisc = 69 mL versus fusion = 175 mL) and operative time (ProDisc = 75 minutes versus fusion = 219 minutes) were significantly different (P < 0.01). Hospital stays were shorter (ProDisc = 2.1 days versus fusion = 3.5 days [P < 0.01]) for ProDisc patients. There was a significantly greater reduction in the ODQ scores at 3 months in the ProDisc group compared with the fusion group (P < 0.05). No difference was noted in VAS. A trend was identified at 6 months in patient satisfaction rates favoring ProDisc versus fusion (P = 0.08), and motion was significantly improved in ProDisc patients compared with the fusion group (P = 0.02). Ambulatory status as well as recreational activity improved faster in the ProDisc group. The data suggest that total disc arthroplasty may be an attractive option as opposed to lumbar fusion for the surgical treatment of disabling mechanical low back pain secondary to lumbar disc disease.
874. Prolonged Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Delivery to Rabbit Iliac Arteries Using Gene-Eluting Stents: A Direct Comparison (2006)

Introduction: Gene eluting stents are now being evaluated in animals as an alternative approach to inhibiting in stent restenosis. AAV and particularly adenovirus are commonly used for gene transfer applications. However, it is unknown whether these vectors can be eluted from a stent over a prolonged period. We tested the hypothesis that these vectors can achieve a prolonged and localized gene delivery to vessel wall using stents as delivery platform. Methods: AdβGal and AAV2βGal at a concentration of 5 × 109 pfu and 5.3 × 109 drp respectively were used to coat BiodivYsio Hi Matrix stents. Gene transfer was assessed at five time points (3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) using X-gal staining. After balloon injury, 3.0/11 mm stents were deployed in the external iliac arteries of NZW rabbits. 21 stents were used in the adenovirus group and 23 stents were used in the AAV group. 8 PC coated stents were used as controls. RT-PCR was used to assess distal spread of virus in multiple organs (n=6). Results: Expression of LacZ was demonstrated with both vectors at all time points. In the adenovirus group mean percentage of cells expressing transgene at 3 days was 5.15% which increased gradually to a mean expression of 9.85% at 28 days (p>0.005). Expression was localized to medial cells at 3 day, but it was predominantly seen in the neointimal cells at 28 days. In the AAV group 3 day expression was 8.45% which gradually decreased to 1.73% at 28day (p<0.005). Gene transfer was also confirmed in both groups on histological sections. No systemic dissemination of virus was seen in any group. Conclusion: Adenovirus and AAV2-coated stents can be used to deliver genes for up to 28 days. Expression was seen in the medial and in neointimal cells. These vectors can be used to target the blood vessel wall in order to reduce the incidence of in stent restenosis.
Dough Rheology and Baked Product Texture (1990)

Cereal chemists are interested in rheology because the dough undergoes some type of deformation in every phase of the conversion of flour into baked products. During mixing, dough is subjected to extr
Cause-effect relationships between zymogen activation and other early events in secretagogue-induced acute pancreatitis (2007)

We have hypothesized that the colocalization of digestive zymogens with lysosomal hydrolases, which occurs during the early stages of every experimental pancreatitis model, facilitates activation of those zymogens by lysosomal hydrolases such as cathepsin B and that this activation triggers acute pancreatitis by leading to acinar cell injury. Some, however, have argued that the colocalization phenomenon may be the result, rather than the cause, of zymogen activation during pancreatitis. To resolve this controversy and explore the causal relationships between zymogen activation and other early pancreatitis events, we induced pancreatitis in mice by repeated supramaximal secretagogue stimulation with caerulein. Some animals were pretreated with the cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 me to inhibit cathepsin B, prevent intrapancreatic activation of digestive zymogens, and reduce the severity of pancreatitis. We show that inhibition of cathepsin B by pretreatment with CA-074 me prevents intrapancreatic zymogen activation and reduces organellar fragility, but it does not alter the caerulein-induced colocalization phenomenon or subcellular F-actin redistribution or prevent caerulein-induced activation of NF-kappaB, ERK1/2, and JNK or upregulated expression of cytochemokines. We conclude 1) that the colocalization phenomenon, F-actin redistribution, activation of proinflammatory transcription factors, and upregulated expression of cytochemokines are not the results of zymogen activation, and 2) that these early events in pancreatitis are not dependent on cathepsin B activity. In contrast, zymogen activation and increased subcellular organellar fragility during caerulein-induced pancreatitis are dependent on cathepsin B activity.
Association of hemostatic variables with prevalent cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. (1993)

The relation of hemostatic factor levels to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease is incompletely established. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study measured fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, antithrombin III, protein C, activated partial thromboplastin time, and other cardiovascular risk factors in nearly 15,000 men and women aged 45 to 64. This analysis assessed the relations of these hemostatic factors with prevalent cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic carotid artery intimal-medial thickness measured by B-mode ultrasound. Compared with participants without cardiovascular disease, those with cardiovascular disease had higher levels of fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor in both sexes. The other hemostatic factors were less consistently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Only fibrinogen was associated with carotid intimal-medial thickness. Adjusted for age, race, and field center, the odds ratio for carotid wall thickness in the 90th percentile or greater, compared with < 50th percentile, for each SD higher fibrinogen concentration (65 mg/dL) was 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.25, 1.62) in men and 1.43 (1.25, 1.64) in women. This population-based study provides further evidence that fibrinogen and possibly factor VIII and von Willebrand factor are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Formation and electrical properties of Ni1−xFex nanocrystals embedded in a polyimide layers for applications as nonvolatile flash memories (2005)

Self-assembled Ni1−xFex nanoparticles embedded in a polyimide (PI) matrix were formed by curing Ni1−xFex thin films with PI precursor layers. Transmission electron microscopy images and selected area electron-diffraction patterns showed that Ni1−xFex nanocrystals were created inside the PI layer. Capacitance-voltage measurements on Al/PI/nanocrystalline Ni1−xFex∕PI∕n-Si structures at 300K showed a metal-insulator-semiconductor behavior with a large flatband voltage shift due to the quantum confinement effect of the Ni1−xFex nanocrystals in spite of the possible existence of a thick tunnel PI layer, and conductance-voltage measurements showed a broad conductance peak around the flatband voltage. The present results suggest that self-assembled Ni1−xFex nanocrystals embedded in a PI layer hold promise for potential applications in nonvolatile flash memories with floating gates consisting of Ni1−xFex nanocrystals embedded in a PI layer.
Chicken Albumen Dielectrics in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2011)

The application of the biomaterial dielectrics made of thermally crosslinking natural proteins without any additives in fabricating organic electronics is highlighted. The gate dielectrics of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are prepared by the thermal treatment of the chicken albumen film taken directly from a fresh egg. Flexible OFETs and the complementary inverters fabricated with albumen dielectrics are demonstrated.
Brown recluse spiders: A review of biology, life history and pest management (2005)

Members of the spider genus Loxosceles (Araneae: Sicariidae) are found throughout the world. Their venom can cause severe open necrotic lesions in humans that can take several months to heal. Bite victims may also develop systemic reactions that can be life-threatening if medical attention is delayed or unavailable. Many Loxosceles species establish large populations in human habitats, creating a threat to human health and safety. Loxosceles reclusa, the brown recluse spider, is by far the most abundant spider species in many homes throughout the south-central United States. There has been an increase in awareness of brown recluse spiders, primarily due to negative media coverage of disfiguring bites and immense, slow-healing wounds. Although the bite of L. reclusa has been identified as a cause of necrotic lesions for nearly five decades, surprisingly few studies examine the biology of these spiders, and none have examined their association with humans. Few data have been published on the killing efficacy of pesticides on L. reclusa. Although millions of dollars are spent each year to control populations of L. reclusa in homes, no studies have been conducted to test newly developed chemicals or examine the benefits of integrated pest management practices. Here, we review historical accounts of pest management for L. reclusa populations and previous laboratory studies of biology and behavior. We then discuss how current studies of urban ecology, biological control, and urban pest management contribute to the management of L. reclusa populations in human habitats.
Human Vγ9Vδ2-T Cells Synergize CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells to Produce Influenza Virus-Specific Antibody (2018)

Human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells recognize nonpeptidic antigens and exert effector functions against microorganisms and tumors, but little is known about their roles in humoral immune response against influenza virus infection. Herein, in the coculture of autologous human B cells, dendritic cells and/or naïve CD4 T cells, and Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, we demonstrated that Vγ9Vδ2-T cells could facilitate H9N2 influenza virus-specific IgG and IgM productions in a CD4 T cell-dependent manner. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells promoted the differentiation of CXCR5<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, CD19<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>-</sup>CD38<sup>++</sup> plasma cells (PCs), and drove B cell proliferation as well as immunoglobulin class switching. Interestingly, Vγ9Vδ2-T cells acquired Tfh-associated molecules such as CXCR5, PD1, CD40L, and ICOS during influenza virus stimulation, especially in the presence of CD4 T cells. Moreover, Vγ9Vδ2-T cells promoted CD4 T cells to secrete IL-13 and IL-21, and neutralizing IL-13 and IL-21 significantly reduced the number of CD19<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>-</sup>CD38<sup>++</sup> PCs. Using humanized mice, we further demonstrated that Vγ9Vδ2-T cells could synergize CD4 T cells to produce influenza virus-specific antibody. Our findings provide a greater scope for Vγ9Vδ2-T cells in adaptive immunity, especially for the Tfh development and humoral immune responses against influenza virus infection.
The Relative Biological Efficiency of Single Doses of Fast Neutrons and Gamma-rays on Vicia Faba Roots and the Effect of Oxygen (1959)

SummaryThe frequency of micronuclei resulting from acentric chromosome and chromatid fragments induced by cobalt-60 gamma radiation and by ∼3 mev fast neutrons has been studied in the root-tip meristematic cells of Vicia faba. Roots irradiated with gamma-ray doses of 107 and 188 rads whilst in aerated water showed a greater micronuclear frequency than roots irradiated with similar doses in the absence of oxygen. The ratio of doses given in nitrogen and in air in order to produce the same micronuclear yield was found to be about 2·4. With roots irradiated with fast-neutron doses of 2·02, 4·95 and 9·94 rads the effect of oxygen is less marked, the nitrogen/air dose-ratio being about 1·4.For a given level of chromosome damage produced under conditions of aeration, neutron radiation was found to be about 10·5 times as effective as gamma-rays. Because of the quantitative difference in the response of the two types of radiation to the presence of oxygen, the relative biological efficiency of neutrons to gamma-rays under anoxic conditions would be about 18 to 1.
An ICI-free synchronization algorithm in MIMOOFDM system (2007)

This paper presents a time-frequency synchronization algorithm in MIMO-OFDM system based on the special known preamble symbol. Due to the high date rate in next generation system, the synchronization performance is affected by multipath channel. In the paper, the IFFT characteristic of some special code is applied in order to remove the affection partially or completely. The detail synchronization procedure is presented in detail. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the estimator is robust in the wireless channel and can estimate the timing error and frequency offset of the system accurately. Moreover, the algorithm can be implemented in the real system simply
Optimal Test Margin Computation for At-Speed Structural Test (2009)

In the face of increased process variations, at-speed manufacturing test is necessary to detect subtle delay defects. This procedure necessarily tests chips at a slightly higher speed than the target frequency required in the field. The additional performance required on the tester is called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">test</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">margin</i> . There are many good reasons for margin, including voltage and temperature requirements, incomplete test coverage, aging effects, coupling effects, and accounting for modeling inaccuracies. By taking advantage of statistical timing, this paper proposes an optimal method of test margin determination to maximize yield while staying within a prescribed shipped product quality loss limit. If process information is available from the wafer testing of scribe-line structures or on-chip process monitoring circuitry, this information can be leveraged to determine a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">per-chip</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">test</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">margin</i> which can further improve yield.
Introduction of a Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter gene from <i>Atriplex gmelini</i> confers salt tolerance to rice (2002)

We engineered a salt-sensitive rice cultivar (Oryza sativa cv. Kinuhikari) to express a vacuolar-type Na+/H+ antiporter gene from a halophytic plant, Atriplex gmelini (AgNHX1). The activity of the vacuolar-type Na+/H+ antiporter in the transgenic rice plants was eight-fold higher than that in wild-type rice plants. Salt tolerance assays followed by non-stress treatments showed that the transgenic plants overexpressing AgNHX1 could survive under conditions of 300 mM NaCl for 3 days while the wild-type rice plants could not. These results indicate that overexpression of the Na+/H+ antiporter gene in rice plants significantly improves their salt tolerance.
Fatigue considerations of muscle contractile force during high-frequency stimulation. (1983)

In a model for control of muscle force, wherein an induced background tetanus is attenuated by concurrent indirect stimulation at frequencies in the 0.6- to 10-kHz range, evaluation was made for effects on muscle fatigue of differing rates of the tetanic and high-frequency stimuli. Relatively little fatigue, and yet nearly the complete range of attenuation, were favored by lower frequencies of both these stimuli, e.g., tetanic stimulation at 50 Hz and a blocking frequency of 600 Hz.
NOTE-RCNN: NOise Tolerant Ensemble RCNN for Semi-Supervised Object Detection (2018)

The labeling cost of large number of bounding boxes is one of the main challenges for training modern object detectors. To reduce the dependence on expensive bounding box annotations, we propose a new semi-supervised object detection formulation, in which a few seed box level annotations and a large scale of image level annotations are used to train the detector. We adopt a training-mining framework, which is widely used in weakly supervised object detection tasks. However, the mining process inherently introduces various kinds of labelling noises: false negatives, false positives and inaccurate boundaries, which can be harmful for training the standard object detectors (e.g. Faster RCNN). We propose a novel NOise Tolerant Ensemble RCNN (NOTE-RCNN) object detector to handle such noisy labels. Comparing to standard Faster RCNN, it contains three highlights: an ensemble of two classification heads and a distillation head to avoid overfitting on noisy labels and improve the mining precision, masking the negative sample loss in box predictor to avoid the harm of false negative labels, and training box regression head only on seed annotations to eliminate the harm from inaccurate boundaries of mined bounding boxes. We evaluate the methods on ILSVRC 2013 and MSCOCO 2017 dataset; we observe that the detection accuracy consistently improves as we iterate between mining and training steps, and state-of-the-art performance is achieved.
Expression of Type XVIII Collagen during Healing of Corneal Incisions and Keratectomy Wounds (2003)

The results suggest that type XVIII collagen is broadly expressed in ocular tissues and that it may have a role in wound healing, especially after incisional corneal wounds.
A subspace method for maximum likelihood target detection (2002)

We present an unsupervised technique for visual target modeling which is based on density estimation in high-dimensional spaces using an eigenspace decomposition. A computationally efficient and optimal estimator for a multivariate Gaussian distribution is derived. This density estimate is then used to formulate a maximum likelihood estimation framework for visual search and target detection. Our learning technique is applied to the probabilistic visual modeling and subsequent detection of facial features and is shown to be superior to matched filtering.
A Wide Input-Range ¿¿ Modulator for Applications to Spread-Spectrum Clock Generator (2006)

A spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) using fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) with an extended range sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator is presented in this paper. The proposed ΣΔ modulator simply adds an extra output bit in the first stage modulator. It can enlarge the input range about three times as compared to the conventional modulator and solve the saturation problem when the input exceeds the boundary of the conventional modulator. The proposed SSCG has been fabricated in TSMC 0.35-mum double-poly quadruple-metal CMOS process with output frequency of 300MHz. The active area is 0.63×0.62 mm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and the power consumption is 17.5mW
Attentive Convolutional Neural Network Based Speech Emotion Recognition: A Study on the Impact of Input Features, Signal Length, and Acted Speech (2017)

Speech emotion recognition is an important and challenging task in the realm of human-computer interaction. Prior work proposed a variety of models and feature sets for training a system. In this work, we conduct extensive experiments using an attentive convolutional neural network with multi-view learning objective function. We compare system performance using different lengths of the input signal, different types of acoustic features and different types of emotion speech (improvised/scripted). Our experimental results on the Interactive Emotional Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) database reveal that the recognition performance strongly depends on the type of speech data independent of the choice of input features. Furthermore, we achieved state-of-the-art results on the improvised speech data of IEMOCAP.
Neutralization and Transfer of Lipopolysaccharide by Phospholipid Transfer Protein (1996)

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB) are lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. PLTP shares 24% sequence similarity with LBP. PLTP mediates the transfer and exchange of phospholipids between lipoprotein particles, whereas LBP transfers bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either to lipoprotein particles or to CD14, a soluble and cell-surface receptor for LPS. We asked whether PLTP could interact with LPS and mediate the transfer of LPS to lipoproteins or to CD14. PLTP was able to bind and neutralize LPS: incubation of LPS with purified recombinant PLTP (rPLTP) resulted in the inhibition of the ability of LPS to stimulate adhesive responses of neutrophils, and addition of rPLTP to blood inhibited cytokine production in response to LPS. Transfer of LPS by rPLTP was examined using fluorescence dequenching experiments and native gel electrophoresis. The results suggested that rPLTP was able to mediate the exchange of LPS between micelles and the transfer of LPS to reconstituted HDL particles, but it did not transfer LPS to CD14. Consonant with these findings, rPLTP did not mediate CD14-dependent adhesive responses of neutrophils to LPS. These results suggest that while PLTP and LBP both bind and transfer LPS, PLTP is unable to transfer LPS to CD14 and thus does not mediate responses of cells to LPS.
Open and continuous fermentation: Products, conditions and bioprocess economy (2014)

Microbial fermentation is the key to industrial biotechnology. Most fermentation processes are sensitive to microbial contamination and require an energy intensive sterilization process. The majority of microbial fermentations can only be conducted over a short period of time in a batch or fed-batch culture, further increasing energy consumption and process complexity, and these factors contribute to the high costs of bio-products. In an effort to make bio-products more economically competitive, increased attention has been paid to developing open (unsterile) and continuous processes. If well conducted, continuous fermentation processes will lead to the reduced cost of industrial bio-products. To achieve cost-efficient open and continuous fermentations, the feeding of raw materials and the removal of products must be conducted in a continuous manner without the risk of contamination, even under 'open' conditions. Factors such as the stability of the biological system as a whole during long cultivations, as well as the yield and productivity of the process, are also important. Microorganisms that grow under extreme conditions such as high or low pH, high osmotic pressure, and high or low temperature, as well as under conditions of mixed culturing, cell immobilization, and solid state cultivation, are of interest for developing open and continuous fermentation processes.