gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Is a Savitzky-Golay Filter? [Lecture Notes] (2011)

This article has attempted to answer the question "What is a Savitky-Golay filter?" in terms that will be familiar to the DSP community and readers of IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. This article reviewed the definition and properties of S-G filters and showed how they can be designed easily using polynomial approximation of an impulse sequence. In contrast to most discussions of S-G filters, they focused on the frequency domain properties, and offered an approximate formula for the 3-dB cutoff frequency as a function of polynomial order N and impulse response half length M. Engineers with a frequency domain mindset may find this useful if they choose to use S-G filters in their application.
No evidence for a prethrombotic state in stable chronic inflammatory bowel disease. (1983)

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are associated with a high risk of thromboembolic complications. The questions whether reported risk factors such as low antithrombin III concentrations, thrombocytosis and spontaneous platelet aggregation are merely related to the activity of the inflammatory process remains to be answered. Therefore we investigated 40 patients with an established colitis or Crohn's disease, without signs of active inflammation (normal history, normal ESR and leucocyte count). Of these patients only one patient revealed thrombocytosis, six patients spontaneous platelet aggregation. All patients had normal beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 plasma levels. No other prethrombotic abnormalities were encountered. There was normal factor VIII C (increased in three patients), normal VIII C/VIII R Ag ratio (1.2), antithrombin III, normal plasminogen and normal alpha 2-antiplasmin. Normal fibrinopeptide A and B beta (15-42) plasma levels (n = 15) in these patients excluded in vivo thrombin or plasmin generation. We conclude that stable chronic inflammatory bowel disease is in general not associated with prethrombotic coagulation abnormalities.
A new technique for lithology and fluid content prediction from prestack data: An application to a carbonate reservoir (2015)

Abstract One of the leading challenges in hydrocarbon recovery is predicting rock types/fluid content distribution throughout the reservoir away from the boreholes because rock property determination is a major source of uncertainty in reservoir modeling studies. Spatial determination of the lateral and vertical heterogeneities has a direct impact on a reservoir model because it will affect the property distributions. An inappropriate determination of the facies distribution will lead to unrealistic reservoir behavior. Because these data can take different forms (lithologs, cuttings, and for seismic, poststack, and prestack attributes) and have different resolutions, the manual integration of all the information can be tedious and is sometimes impractical. We developed a new neural network-based methodology called democraticneuralnetworkassociation (DNNA). The DNNA method was trained using lithology logs from wells simultaneously with prestack seismic data. This technique, using a probabilistic approach, aims to find patterns in seismic that will predict lithology distribution and uncertainty.
Hypothermia-induced dystonia and abnormal cerebellar activity in a mouse model with a single disease-mutation in the sodium-potassium pump (2017)

Mutations in the neuron-specific α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase are found in patients suffering from Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism and Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, two closely related movement disorders. We show that mice harboring a heterozygous hot spot disease mutation, D801Y (α3+/D801Y), suffer abrupt hypothermia-induced dystonia identified by electromyographic recordings. Single-neuron in vivo recordings in awake α3+/D801Y mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated during dystonia and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst-like firing. Biophysically, we show that the D-to-Y mutation abolished pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but allowed the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated. These findings implicate aberrant cerebellar activity in α3 isoform-related dystonia and add to the functional understanding of the scarce and severe mutations in the α3 isoform Na+/K+-ATPase.
Noise in Phase-Locked Loops [Invited] (2001)

Jitter and phase noise properties of phase-locked loops (PLL) are analyzed, identifying various forms of jitter and phase noise in PLLs. The effects of different building blocks on the jitter and phase noise performance of PLLs are demonstrated through a parallel analytical and graphical treatment of noise evolution in the phase-locked loop.
The luminescence of yitria stabilized zirconia doped with Bi2O3 (1984)

Yttria stabilized zirconia doped with Bi2O3 shows an efficient luminescence due to the Bi3+ ions. Two luminescent centres were observed which are ascribed to BiO8 and BiO7 groups.
Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Carcinoma (1992)

In 193 gastric resections for adenocarcinoma, lymphadenectomy was prospectively evaluated to quantify the number of lymph nodes and to identify prognostic factors. Overall, 7112 nodes (median, 36.8 per patient) were resected with 27.2% showing metastases. Most nodes were found in the perigastric region. The histologic type and site of the tumor did not influence the number of invaded nodes, but tumor stage and quality of the resection (curative/palliative) did. By multivariate analysis the tumor stage, curative vs palliative resections, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in curative resections were independent prognostic factors. Patients with less than six metastatic nodes showed a survival not significantly different from that of patients with normal nodes. These patients may be well treated by surgery alone, but the other patients may require multimodal therapy to improve their prognosis.
CDM protection design using internal power node for cross power domain in 16nm CMOS technology (2016)

This paper presents a CDM protection design for cross-domain interface circuits using an internal cross clamp as voltage divider between the internal power supply node of analog circuits and the digital GND node. The proposed protection circuit meets high CDM current request from large packaged IC with 16nm FinFET.
Introduction to Tucson 2021: Celebrating Apatite-Supergroup Minerals & The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Fluorescent Mineral Society (2020)

Time is a variable thing—all mineral and gem collectors know that. Days spent collecting in the field seem abnormally short, surely only an hour or so long despite what our watch says. Years, too, ...
Detection of isoprene in expired air from human subjects using proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (1997)

A new analytical method using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS) is described for the determination of trace constituents in human breath. PTRMS is sufficiently sensitive and specific that it does not require preconcentration or separation. At its present stage of development it is capable of detecting trace constituents present in air at the part-per-billion level. These capabilities are illustrated for isoprene, one of the most abundant endogenous hydrocarbons. Our results confirm recent observations of a diurnal level variation associated with sleep or wakefulness; a new finding is that young children have much lower levels of isoprene in breath than adults. To address the metabolic origin of human isoprene, we used PTRMS to analyze expired air for allylic C5 alcohols that have been proposed to be non-enzymatic precursors of isoprene. The lack of correlation between peak breath isoprene and these alcohols suggests that the hydrocarbon is formed by some other mechanism. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection against Challenge with Measles Virus (MV) in Infant Macaques by an MV DNA Vaccine Administered in the Presence of Neutralizing Antibody (2004)

Measles virus (MV) infection is the major cause of vaccine-preventable death in infants and children worldwide. It is difficult to achieve immunity to MV infection by use of vaccines in infants during the first 6-9 months of life because of the presence of maternal antibody. Morbidity and mortality due to MV infection would decrease substantially if a vaccine administered at birth could prime immunity in the presence of maternal antibody. We demonstrate here that an MV DNA vaccine administered to infant macaques in the presence of maternal antibody primes MV-specific T cell responses but not de novo neutralizing antibody. This vaccine protected 80% of the infant macaques from skin rash and MV-induced immunosuppression. A molecular interleukin-2 adjuvant was required for protection with this vaccine. This macaque model shows that infants can be vaccinated against MV in the presence of maternal antibody. These results suggest that it is possible to develop an MV DNA vaccine that could protect infants in developing countries during the first months of life.
Experimental seismic performance assessment and numerical modelling of nonlinear inerter vibration absorber (IVA)‐equipped base isolated structures tested on shaking table (2021)

Abstract In recent years, inerter vibration absorbers (IVAs), such as the tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI), attracted much attention in the literature for reducing seismic displacement demands of base isolated structures (BISs). Several theoretical studies reported reduced BIS seismic demands with increasing inertance endowed by a grounded inerter element, but adopted mostly idealized linear dynamical models. Herein, the potential of TMDI‐configured IVAs for seismic response reduction of BISs modelled as single‐mass structures is assessed under the combined effects of nonlinear inerter and structural behavior. To this aim, experimental data from a shaking table testing campaign are considered utilizing a custom‐built flywheel rack‐and‐pinion grounded inerter prototype with variable inertance, along with high damping rubber bearings in the isolation layer and in the BIS‐to‐absorber link. White noise excitation and an ensemble of six ground motions (GMs) with different frequency content are used in the tests for which bearings exhibit softening nonlinear behavior. Experimental results demonstrate improvement of BIS nonlinear seismic response in terms of displacement and base shear with increasing inertance for nonlinear and nonoptimally tuned IVAs. It is found though that the considered IVAs may be detrimental to BIS acceleration response depending on the GMs time‐varying frequency content signatures as captured by the continuous wavelet transform spectrogram. Finally, it is concluded that representing the inerter device by a simplified linear dissipative model as opposed to a nonlinear model with friction and gear backlash suffices to trace the BIS response with acceptable accuracy and, thus, can be used for optimal seismic TMDI design.
Dynamic adaptation of real-time software (1991)

In large, dynamic, real-time computer systems, it is frequently most cost effective to employ different software performance and reliability techniques at different levels of granularity, at different times, or within different subsystems. These techniques may include regulation of redundancy and resource allocation, multiversion and multipath execution, adjustments of program attributes such as time-out periods and others. The management of software in such systems is a difficult task. Software that may be adapted to meet varying performance and reliability requirements offers a solution. A REal-time Software Adaptation System (RESAS) includes a uniform model of adaptable software and provides the tool necessary for programmers to implement algorithms that choose and enact adaptations in real time. RESAS has been implemented on a testbed consisting of a multiprocessor and an attached workstation, and adaptation algorithms have been developed that address the problem of adapting software to achieve two goals: software execution within specified time constraints and software resiliency with respect to computer hardware failures.
Analgesic effect of the electromagnetic resonant frequencies derived from the NMR spectrum of morphine (2012)

Exposure to various types of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affects pain specificity (nociception) and pain inhibition (analgesia). Previous study of ours has shown that exposure to the resonant spectra derived from biologically active substances' NMR may induce to live targets the same effects as the substances themselves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential analgesic effect of the resonant EMFs derived from the NMR spectrum of morphine. Twenty five Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group; intraperitoneal administration of morphine 10 mg/kg body wt; exposure of rats to resonant EMFs of morphine; exposure of rats to randomly selected non resonant EMFs; and intraperitoneal administration of naloxone and simultaneous exposure of rats to the resonant EMFs of morphine. Tail Flick and Hot Plate tests were performed for estimation of the latency time. Results showed that rats exposed to NMR spectrum of morphine induced a significant increase in latency time at time points (p < 0.05), while exposure to the non resonant random EMFs exerted no effects. Additionally, naloxone administration inhibited the analgesic effects of the NMR spectrum of morphine. Our results indicate that exposure of rats to the resonant EMFs derived from the NMR spectrum of morphine may exert on animals similar analgesic effects to morphine itself.
Pseudo fail bit map generation for RAMs during component test and burn-in in a manufacturing environment (2002)

Bit fail maps of semiconductor memories are generated in a manufacturing environment during wafer test to identify process problems and for repair. Since bit fail map capabilities are expensive for high-speed testers and massive parallel test systems, component test is generating only pass/fail information. It is difficult to relate the pass/fail information to a process problem. This paper presents a test strategy and a software tool to construct pseudo bit fail maps from pass/fail information using a special test sequence. The pseudo bit fail map can be generated in a manufacturing environment and can be used for identifying process problems and doing physical failure analysis at the fail location.
Lewis‐Base‐Katalyse in der organischen Synthese (2008)

Abstract Das Erbe von Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875–1946) ist im Wörterbuch der chemischen Bindung und Reaktivität allgegenwärtig. Die Bedeutung seines Konzepts der Donor‐Akzeptor‐Bindung kommt in den eponymen Grundbegriffen für Elektronenpaarakzeptoren (Lewis‐Säuren) und ‐donoren (Lewis‐Basen) zum Ausdruck. Lewis erkannte, dass Säuren nicht automatisch Wasserstoff enthalten müssen (Brønsted‐Säuren) und trug so zum Sturz des “modernen Protonenkults” bei. Seine Entdeckung läutete zunächst die Entwicklung von Lewis‐Säuren als Reagentien und Katalysatoren für organische Reaktionen ein, in den letzten Jahren wurde aber offensichtlich, dass für diese Zwecke auch Lewis‐Basen eingesetzt werden können. Bezüglich der Beschleunigung chemischer Reaktionen ergänzen Lewis‐Basen die entsprechenden Lewis‐Säuren nicht nur elektronisch: Tatsächlich können Lewis‐Basen die Elektrophilie wie auch die Nucleophilie der Verbindungen verstärken, an die sie gebunden werden. Diese unterschiedliche Reaktivität resultiert in einer bemerkenswerten Vielfalt Lewis‐Base‐katalysierter Reaktionen.
Prevention of oncogenic viral infections in mice with CGP 11637, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide analog (1985)

The efficacy of N-acetyl-nor-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (nor-MDP) in controlling viral oncogenesis in mice was investigated. The tumors studied were blood cell malignancies induced by Friend leukemia virus in SJL/J mice, spontaneous mammary neoplasms in RIII/Imr and C3H/OuJ mice, and spontaneous lymphocytic leukemia in AKR/J mice. A transplantable tumor, Lewis lung carcinoma, in C57BL/6J mice was used as a nonvirally induced control model. The nor-MDP was dissolved in saline and made into an emulsion with an equal volume of squalene-Arlacel A and injected subcutaneously at 1- to 2-month intervals. Test and control mice were challenged with exogenous virus or tumor transplant 2 weeks after a second injection of nor-MDP. Administration was started at around 2 months of age in mice that develop spontaneous neoplasms. Electron microscopy studies were done on neoplastic tissues of selected test and control mice. This administration of nor-MDP prevented erythroleukemia in SJL/J mice caused by low doses of Friend leukemia virus (although erythroleukemia survivors were not protected from a late-developing lymphoma) and also delayed (possibly prevented) the development of a spontaneous mammary neoplasm in RIII/Imr mice. No antitumor effects were observed on the spontaneous neoplasms of C3H/OuJ and AKR/J mice or on the Lewis lung carcinoma implanted into C57BL/6J mice. Electron microscopic examinations of the various neoplastic tissues indicated that nor-MDP administration eliminated or reduced extracellular viruses. The results suggested that under the experimental conditions used nor-MDP appears to effect the viruses and not the malignant cells per se.
Mass measurement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and <i>sn</i>-1,2-diacylglycerol in bombesin-stimulated Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (1990)

Two specific and selective assays were used to measure changes in the mass of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol in bombesin-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells. The results demonstrate that the increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 was extremely rapid, but transient, returning to basal levels by 30 s. In contrast, the increase in sn-1,2-diacylglycerol was biphasic: the first phase mirrored the transient Ins(1,4,5)P3 response, whereas the second phase was sustained and occurred in the absence of elevated Ins(1,4,5)P3. The possible source of the second phase of diacylglycerol is discussed.
Time-Domain Magnetic Defectoscopy for Tubing and Casing Corrosion Detection (2014)

Abstract The Magnetic Imaging Defectoscope (MID) is a tool designed to record the time response to high-energy electromagnetic pulses. Metal presence around the tool is evaluated by matching measured and numerically modelled magnetisation decays. The air response decays faster than if the tool is placed inside a metal pipe. If multiple pipes are present around the tool, the near pipe responds at earlier times and the more distant ones at later times. This phenomenon is key to detecting metal presence in each individual pipe. The MID tool features two sensors, short and long, to ensure reliable detection of responses from a wide range of multi-barrier completions and differentiate between defects in each barrier independently. Despite this simple concept, the response detected by the tool has a complex time behaviour and cannot be modelled in a simple analytical way, which put time-domain technologies on hold for many years. The recent advances in computer speed and multicore parallel computing enable accurate numerical modelling of complex responses and determining metal presence in two metal barriers separately. In addition to thickness profiles for each barrier, the MID tool generates differential (DELTA) data panels, based on the difference between numerical models and actual responses, that visualise electromagnetic signatures of metal structures and can be used to locate and recognise various completion components, such as packers or SSD. The paper describes the basics of the time-domain magnetic-pulse technology, specifications of the tool itself and laboratory test data. This technology has been tested in a dual-string producer of the Raudhatain field operated by the Kuwait Oil Company. The long and short strings were suspected to be communicating due to identical water cut trends. The MID tool was run once in memory mode on slickline through the long string and detected a 1.5-inch corrosion hole between packers that created communication with the short string. This communication flow left a footprint in a shut-in temperature log right across the corrosion hole. Another corrosion hole was located in the casing below the tubing shoe, immediately above the perforations. During a subsequent workover, the tubing was retrieved and a 1.5-inch corrosion hole was located in the exact place where it was identified by the MID tool.
CeMO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-Promoted Ketonization of Biomass-Derived Carboxylic Acids in the Condensed Phase (2013)

Ketonization of the model bio-oil compound acetic acid was performed in a toluene-solvent condensed phase using five different CeMOx catalysts. The catalysts were characterized using a number of different techniques both before and after reaction testing to gain understanding of how material traits influence their catalytic performance. A number of potentially important catalytic properties were found to be of little importance for the respective reaction. For instance, it was discovered that there was no direct correlation between prereaction surface area with activity for ketonization at high or at low temperatures. Furthermore, better reducibility of the oxide did not appear to correlate with improved ketonization rates. XRD of postreaction materials used at different temperatures demonstrated the reaction temperature regime influenced whether the crystal structure of the fresh mixed oxide was disrupted. The precise temperature regimes were different, depending on composition of the catalytic material. Catalytic activity was then found to be maximized when metal carboxylate formation and subsequent decomposition of the carboxylate were appropriately balanced.
Competitive MS Binding Assays for Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptors Employing Spiperone as a Native Marker (2005)

A competitive MS binding assay employing spiperone as a native marker and a porcine striatal membrane fraction as a source for dopamine D2 receptors in a nonvolatile buffer has been established. Binding of the test compounds to the target was monitored by mass-spectrometric quantification of the nonbound marker, spiperone, in the supernatant of the binding samples obtained by centrifugation. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used for separating spiperone from ESI-MS-incompatible supernatant matrix components. Subsequently, the marker was reliably quantified by LC-ESI-MS-MS by using haloperidol as an internal standard. The affinities of the test compounds, the dopamine receptor antagonists (+)-butaclamol, chlorpromazine and (S)-sulpiride obtained from the competitive MS binding assay were verified by corresponding radioligand binding experiments with [3H]spiperone. The results of this study demonstrate that competitive MS binding assays represent a universally applicable alternative to conventional radioligand binding assays.
Silicon‐Modified Carbohydrate Surfactants III: Cationic and Anionic Compounds (1997)

Ionic siloxanyl-modified carbohydrate surfactants have been synthesized by alkylation/esterification of precursors containing tertiary amino functions. Depending on the reaction strategy, the siloxanyl moiety is part of the alkylating agent or the substrate. Polyhydroxylated tertiary amines can be quaternized by siloxanyl-modified chloroacetic acid esters or epoxysiloxanes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The esterification of tertiary amines bearing carbohydrate and siloxanyl subunits by cyclic acid anhydrides yields, after neutralization, carboxylate salts. The reaction of hydroxyl groups and sulfamic acid leads to sulfates. The new substances were characterized by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography, elemental analysis and their solubility profile. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.