gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiophene and Selenophene Copolymers Incorporating Fluorinated Phenylene Units in the Main Chain:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2005)

A series of thiophene oligomers bearing core phenylene and fluorinated phenylene units has been synthesized as potential semiconductor materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Polymerization of these compounds has been achieved using Stille and oxidative coupling methods. Functionalization of the phenylene unit with fluorine atoms has a marked effect on the self-assembly and electronic properties of the parent materials: the optical band gaps and highest occupied molecular orbital levels are affected with the introduction of fluorine atoms as a result of a combination of inductive effects and rigidification of the main chain. The design of these materials has focused on the self-assembly and solution processability of the materials. All the polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents. Self-assembly and planarization of the fluorinated materials in the solid state are identified by a combination of X-ray diffraction studies, absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The organizational behavior of the films is in contrast to the conformational freedom observed in solution (absorption spectroscopy) and in the gas phase (computational studies). Thin-film OFETs have been fabricated for the entire polymer series. Hole mobilities have been measured up to 10-3 cm2/(V·s), with high current modulation (on/off ratios up to 105) and low turn-on voltages (down to 2 V). For the Stille coupled polymers, replacement of the bridging thiophene unit with selenophene generally increases the hole mobility of the polymers.
Efficient per-flow queueing in DRAM at OC-192 line rate using out-of-order execution techniques (2002)

Modern switches and routers often use dynamic RAM (DRAM) in order to provide large buffer space. For advanced quality of service (QoS), per-flow queueing is desirable. We study the architecture of a queue manager for many thousands of queues at OC-192 (10 Gbps) line rate. It forms the core of the "datapath" chip in an efficient chip partitioning for the line cards of switches and routers that we propose. To effectively deal with bank conflicts in the DRAM buffer, we use pipelining and out-of-order execution techniques, like the ones originating in the supercomputers of the 60s. To avoid off-chip SRAM, we maintain the pointers in the DRAM, using free buffer preallocation and free list bypassing. We have described our architecture using behavioral Verilog (a hardware description language), at the clock-cycle accuracy level, assuming Rambus DRAM. We estimate the complexity of the queue manager at roughly 60 thousand gates, 80 thousand flip-flops, and 4180 Kbits of on-chip SRAM, for 64 K flows.
Novel <i>FKS</i> Mutations Associated with Echinocandin Resistance in <i>Candida</i> Species (2010)

We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
A Novel Multiplex Cell Viability Assay for High-Throughput RNAi Screening (2011)

Cell-based high-throughput RNAi screening has become a powerful research tool in addressing a variety of biological questions. In RNAi screening, one of the most commonly applied assay system is measuring the fitness of cells that is usually quantified using fluorescence, luminescence and absorption-based readouts. These methods, typically implemented and scaled to large-scale screening format, however often only yield limited information on the cell fitness phenotype due to evaluation of a single and indirect physiological indicator. To address this problem, we have established a cell fitness multiplexing assay which combines a biochemical approach and two fluorescence-based assaying methods. We applied this assay in a large-scale RNAi screening experiment with siRNA pools targeting the human kinome in different modified HEK293 cell lines. Subsequent analysis of ranked fitness phenotypes assessed by the different assaying methods revealed average phenotype intersections of 50.7±2.3%-58.7±14.4% when two indicators were combined and 40-48% when a third indicator was taken into account. From these observations we conclude that combination of multiple fitness measures may decrease false-positive rates and increases confidence for hit selection. Our robust experimental and analytical method improves the classical approach in terms of time, data comprehensiveness and cost.
Cohen Syndrome: Essential features, natural history, and heterogeneity (2001)

This article elucidates the clinical picture in Cohen syndrome (MIM 216550), an autosomal recessive disorder that is overrepresented in Finland. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical picture: nonprogressive psychomotor retardation, motor clumsiness and microcephaly, typical facial features, childhood hypotonia and hyperextensibility of the joints, ophthalmologic findings of retinochoroidal dystrophy and myopia in patients over 5 years of age, and granulocytopenia. In a nationwide study, 29 Finnish patients were investigated. Magnetic resonance images of the brain with quantitative structure analyses revealed a relatively enlarged corpus callosum (CC). The youngest patients had normal EEGs, while all others had low-voltage EEGs. Of the patients, 22% had profound, 61% severe, 6% moderate, and 11% mild retardation. In an adaptive behavior scale (AAMD), patients had high scores in the positive domains (self-direction, responsibility, and socialization), whereas maladaptive behavior was almost lacking. Only the youngest patients had unimpaired visual function. Vision started to deteriorate early but slowly. Progressive myopia and retinochoroidal dystrophy were found in all of the patients over 5 years of age. All of the patients had isolated granulocytopenia. The heart anatomy was normal. However, decreased left ventricular function with advancing age was found. No significant endocrine abnormalities were discovered. Fingers were slender but short, with a typical metacarpophalangeal pattern profile. The manifestations vary at different ages. The Finnish Cohen patients are clinically highly homogeneous, their disease gene being located on chromosome 8. Heterogeneity probably exists among other patients claimed to have Cohen syndrome.
McIntyre Reducing Experiment (1929)

They who ''fast'' on fats may ''fasts'' on Christmas candies. Miss Hazel Mcintyre in her research problem on the use of glucose in diets of overweight young women and receiving the basal energy ·requirement, in t he Foods and, Nutrition Department, Iowa State College, said that when fats are restricted from the diet and candy made of glucose or honey is eaten between meals one may lose an average of 11 and a half pounds each week, providing she is on a moderately low caloric diet.
Final Safety Assessment of Thiodipropionic Acid and Its Dialkyl Esters as Used in Cosmetics (2010)

Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), dicetyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and ditridecyl thiodipropionate are dialkyl esters of their respective alcohols and thiodipropionic acid (TDPA) used in cosmetics. Ingested DLTDP was excreted in the urine as TDPA. Single-dose acute oral and parenteral studies and subchronic and chronic repeated dose oral studies did not suggest significant toxicity. Neither DLTDP nor TDPA was irritating to animal skin or eyes and they were not sensitizers. TDPA was neither a teratogen nor a reproductive toxicant. Genotoxicity studies were negative for TDPA and DLTDP. Clinical testing demonstrated some evidence of irritation but no sensitization or photosensitization. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considered that the data from DLTDP reasonably may be extrapolated to the other dialkyl esters and concluded that these ingredients were safe for use in cosmetic products that are formulated to be nonirritating.
Ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 epitaxial thin films on sapphire grown by rf-planar magnetron sputtering (1986)

Ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) thin films have been epitaxially grown on the c plane of sapphire by rf-planar magnetron sputtering. The sputtering conditions were investigated to obtain epitaxial and transparent films. Dielectric, piezoelectric, and electro-optic properties of the films were measured. Piezoelectricity of the PLZT(28/0/100) film was confirmed and was as strong as that of BaTiO3. Excellent quadratic electro-optic effects for PLZT(28/0/100) and PLZT(9/65/35) films and a linear electro-optic effect for PLZT(21/0/100) film were observed at 0.633-μm wavelength. Epitaxial PLZT thin film on sapphire is presently the most promising material for new functional devices.
Preparation, structure and spasmolytic activities of some derivatives of harmine series of alkaloids (2006)

Keeping in view the interesting chemistry and pharmacological importance of harmine series of bases -- the beta-carboline alkaloids, a number of new derivatives of tetrahydroharmine and harmalol have been prepared and characterized through spectral studies. Some of these derivatives showed spasmolytic activity. It was observed that all the N-acyl tetrahydroharmine derivatives are stable, not labile and no ring opening occurs in these compounds, as reported recently.
Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid target NPM1 mutant oncoprotein levels and induce apoptosis in NPM1-mutated AML cells (2015)

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations represent an attractive therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because they are common (∼30% AML), stable, and behave as a founder genetic lesion. Oncoprotein targeting can be a successful strategy to treat AML, as proved in acute promyelocytic leukemia by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), which degrade the promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor fusion protein. Adjunct of ATRA to chemotherapy was reported to be beneficial for NPM1-mutated AML patients. Leukemic cells with NPM1 mutation also showed sensibility to ATO in vitro. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying these observations and show that ATO/ATRA induce proteasome-dependent degradation of NPM1 leukemic protein and apoptosis in NPM1-mutated AML cell lines and primary patients' cells. We also show that PML intracellular distribution is altered in NPM1-mutated AML cells and reverted by arsenic through oxidative stress induction. Interestingly, similarly to what was described for PML, oxidative stress also mediates ATO-induced degradation of the NPM1 mutant oncoprotein. Strikingly, NPM1 mutant downregulation by ATO/ATRA was shown to potentiate response to the anthracyclin daunorubicin. These findings provide experimental evidence for further exploring ATO/ATRA in preclinical NPM1-mutated AML in vivo models and a rationale for exploiting these compounds in chemotherapeutic regimens in clinics.
Some Salts of Symmetric Phosphinic Acids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Salts of Symmetric Phosphinic AcidsWilliam C. Drinkard and Gennady M. KosolapoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5520–5521Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01141a509https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hot Pepper Receptor Could Help Manage Pain (2000)

Bite into a hot pepper, and the pain that engulfs your tongue and palate really does feel like a burn. Several years ago, scientists uncovered the apparent reason: a cell-surface protein that in cultured cells responds both to heat and to capsaicin, the active ingredient in chili peppers. But cultured cells don't experience pain, and researchers weren't sure of the molecule's importance in animals. Now, genetically altered mice that possess an amazing tolerance for hot sauce have demonstrated that the protein plays a key role in several kinds of pain. The finding may eventually aid in the development of new pain-killing drugs.
Sub-10-fJ ECL/68-μA 4.7-GHz divider ultra-low-power SiGe base bipolar transistors with a wedge-shaped CVD-SiO/sub 2/ isolation structure and a BPSG-refilled trench (2002)

Ultra-low-power SiGe base bipolar transistors with a wedge-shaped CVD-SiO/sub 2/ isolation structure and a boro-phosphosilicate glass (BPSG)-refilled isolation trench are presented. The SiGe base and a poly-Si/SiGe base contact were formed by selective growth in a self-aligned manner. The transistors have a very small collector capacitance (below 1 fF) and exhibit a high maximum oscillation frequency (30-65 GHz) at low current (10-100 /spl mu/A). The power-delay product of an ECL ring oscillator is only 5.1 fJ/G for a 250-mV voltage swing. The maximum toggle frequency of a 1/8 static divider is 4.7 GHz at a switching current of 68 /spl mu/A/FF.
Error-correction schemes for volume optical memories (1995)

An optically addressed Reed-Solomon parallel decoder has been designed and fabricated for onedimensional parallel access optical memories. The [15, 9] Reed-Solomon decoder operates on 60 parallel optical inputs and has been demonstrated at a data rate of 300 megabits/s. Compared with equivalent serial decoding solutions, this decoder is shown to be more area efficient and offers reduced latency. An extension to two-dimensional error correction using both the parallel and serial strategies is presented, and comparisons are made in terms of parallelism, page rate, and information rate for the two architectures. A hybrid optoelectronic decoding architecture that uses optical finite-field matrix-vector multipliers is given and is shown to offer error correction at large block sizes and aggregate data rates exceeding 10(12) bits/s.
Electroacupuncture decreases the susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia in conscious rats by reducing cardiac metabolic demand (2007)

Reperfusion after a brief period of cardiac ischemia can lead to potentially lethal arrhythmias. Clinical observations and experimental work with animals suggest that acupuncture may have therapeutic effects for individuals with coronary heart disease, certain arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture reduces the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion-mediated ventricular tachyarrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, we measured the susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias produced by 3 min of occlusion and reperfusion of the left main coronary artery in conscious rats under two experimental conditions: 1) control and 2) with electroacupuncture. Acupuncture was simulated by electrically stimulating the median nerves, corresponding to the Jianshi-Neiguan [pericardial meridian (P) 5-6] acupoints. Results document a significantly lower incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias with electroacupuncture (2 of 8, 25%) relative to control (14 of 14, 100%) rats. The decreased susceptibility to tachyarrhythmias with electroacupuncture was associated with a reduced cardiac metabolic demand (lower rate-pressure product and ST-segment elevation) during ischemia.
A Comprehensive Structure–Function Analysis of<i>Arabidopsis</i>SNI1 Defines Essential Regions and Transcriptional Repressor Activity (2006)

The expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants involves the upregulation of many Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes, which work in concert to confer resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Because SAR is a costly process, SAR-associated transcription must be tightly regulated. Arabidopsis thaliana SNI1 (for Suppressor of NPR1, Inducible) is a negative regulator of SAR required to dampen the basal expression of PR genes. Whole genome transcriptional profiling showed that in the sni1 mutant, Nonexpresser of PR genes (NPR1)-dependent benzothiadiazole S-methylester-responsive genes were specifically derepressed. Interestingly, SNI1 also repressed transcription when expressed in yeast, suggesting that it functions as an active transcriptional repressor through a highly conserved mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that histone modification may be involved in SNI1-mediated repression. Sequence comparison with orthologs in other plant species and a saturating NAAIRS-scanning mutagenesis of SNI1 identified regions in SNI1 that are required for its activity. The structural similarity of SNI1 to Armadillo repeat proteins implies that SNI1 may form a scaffold for interaction with proteins that modulate transcription.
Laboratory Evaluation of Flex-Cracking Resistance (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaboratory Evaluation of Flex-Cracking ResistanceL. V. CooperCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1930, 2, 4, 391–394Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50072a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50072a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fast Carbon Nanotube Charging and Actuation (2006)

Millisecond timescale charging and contraction of carbon nanotube artificial muscle is demonstrated. The mechanical power-to-mass ratio is five times higher than in human muscle, and electrical power transfer is ten times greater than observed in supercapacitors. These results show that, despite their electrochemical nature, carbon nanotube electrodes (see figure) can respond surprisingly quickly.
Impact test comparisons of 20th and 21st century American football helmets (2011)

The authors do not advocate reverting to leather headgear, but they do strongly recommend, especially for young players, instituting helmet safety designs and testing standards, which encourage the minimization of linear and angular impact doses and injury risks in near- and subconcussive head impacts.
Functionalization of whole‐cell bacterial reporters with magnetic nanoparticles (2010)

We developed a biocompatible and highly efficient approach for functionalization of bacterial cell wall with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Three Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 chromosomally based bioreporters, which were genetically engineered to express bioluminescence in response to salicylate, toluene/ xylene and alkanes, were functionalized with 18 3 nm iron oxide MNPs to acquire magnetic function. The efficiency of MNPs functionalization of Acinetobacter bioreporters was 99.96 0.01%. The MNPs-functionalized bioreporters (MFBs) can be remotely controlled and collected by an external magnetic field. The MFBs were all viable and functional as good as the native cells in terms of sensitivity, specificity and quantitative response. More importantly, we demonstrated that salicylate sensing MFBs can be applied to sediments and garden soils, and semiquantitatively detect salicylate in those samples by discriminably recovering MFBs with a permanent magnet. The magnetically functionalized cells are especially useful to complex environments in which the indigenous cells, particles and impurities may interfere with direct measurement of bioreporter cells and conventional filtration is not applicable to distinguish and harvest bioreporters. The approach described here provides a powerful tool to remotely control and selectively manipulate MNPs-unctionalized cells in water and soils. It would have a potential in the application of environmental microbiology, such as bioremediation enhancement and environment monitoring and assessment.
Dietary restriction increases insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose in rhesus monkeys (1994)

Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance typically decline during later life. In a multidimensional randomized trial of the effects of dietary restriction started in adulthood on the processes of aging, we are studying insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation longitudinally in control (C, n = 15, fed a defined diet ad libitum for 6-8 h/day) and restricted (R, n = 15, fed 30% less than C) monkeys using the Modified Minimal Model method. Linear rates of change were calculated for individual animals through 30 mo of diet treatment and compared between treatment groups. Basal glucose, basal insulin, and insulin responses to glucose and tolbutamide increased for C and decreased for R animals (P < or = 0.002), whereas insulin sensitivity decreased for C and increased for R (P = 0.008). Glycosylated hemoglobin at 30 mo was marginally lower in R (P = 0.06) and was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.508, P < 0.001). Insulin changes were significantly correlated with changes in adiposity (weight and abdominal circumference). Identification of the mechanisms through which these effects are achieved may aid in ameliorating glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and associated illnesses in older persons.