gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Complications of Silicone Oil in the Surgical Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (2017)

Purpose: To determine the frequency of complications of silicone oil used for internal tamponade in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Study Design: Prospective case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2013 to May 2014.
Material and Methods: All those patients who were admitted with RRD with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C due to myopia, pseudophakia and trauma in which silicone oil 1000 centistoke was used for internal tamponade were included in the study. Patients with fresh RD, age less than 16 years and more than 70 years and repeat surgery were excluded from the study. After taking approval from ethical research committee, data collection process was started and documentation was done according to the designed proforma including age, gender, etiology and complications. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 and represented in the form of charts and graphs.
Results: 300 eyes of 300 patients were included in this study in which 190 (63.33%) were males and 110 (36.67 %) were females having age range from 16 to 70 years and mean age was 40 ±5 SD. The most common cause of retinal detachment was trauma having 170 (56.66%) while the least common was aphakia having 40 (13.33%) cases. The most frequent complication was cataract formation noted in all phakic patients followed by increased intra ocular pressure present in 210 (70%) cases. Prolapse of uveal tissue through pars plana sclerotomy site was seen in 1 (0.33%) patient.
Conclusion: Silicone oil used for internal tamponade leads to cataract formation in almost all cases followed by secondary glaucoma.
Key words: Silicone oil. Retinal detachment. Trauma. Cataract. Intraocular pressure.
Biological characterization of six Australian isolates of potato virus Y and their serological detection by ELISA (1987)

Six potato virus Y isolates from Victoria and Queensland were characterized on the basis of host plant reactions. Four isolates from potato produced symptoms in indicator plants and potato cultivars consistent with those caused by the PVYO group. Two isolates from tobacco produced necrotic symptoms on some tobacco cultivars characteristic of the PVYN group, but did not systemically infect potato cultivars and therefore could not be considered to belong to any of the previously described PVY strain groups. Despite the wide variation in their biological characteristics, an antiserum produced to one of the potato isolates was able to detect all six of the isolates when used in ELISA
Developmental changes in the expression and compartmentalization of the glucocorticoid receptor in embryonic retina. (1994)

Inducibility by glucocorticoids of the glutamine synthetase gene in chicken embryo retina and the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) greatly increase between embryonic days 6 and 10 (E6, E10), although the level of GR does not markedly change during that time. This apparent discrepancy was investigated by examining the pattern of GR expression in undifferentiated E6 retina and in E10 retina, which consists mostly of differentiated cells. Two GR isoforms, 90 and 95 kDa, were found to be expressed at both of these ages at a similar total level but in different proportions: in E6 retina the level of the 90-kDa isoform was higher, whereas in E10 retina the 95-kDa receptor was higher. However, following treatment of the retinas with cortisol, the 95-kDa isoform became the predominant receptor at both ages. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the cellular localization of GR markedly changed in the course of development: in the undifferentiated E6 retina GR was expressed in virtually all cells, whereas in the more differentiated E10 and E12 retina, GR was detected only in Müller glia cells. The latter represent approximately 20% of the cells in this tissue and are the only cells in which glucocorticoid hormone induces the glutamine synthetase gene. We suggest that the compartmentalization of GR in Müller glia is a major aspect of the mechanism that modulates receptor activity during retina development and results in the temporal increase in the inducibility of glutamine synthetase and its specific localization in Müller glia cells.
Contour and texture for visual recognition of object categories (2007)

The recognition of categories of objects in images has become a central topic in computer vision. Automatic visual recognition systems are rapidly becoming central to applications such as image search, robotics, vehicle safety systems, and image editing. This work addresses three sub-problems of recognition: image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. The task of classification is to determine whether an object of a particular category is present or not. Object detection aims to localize any objects of the category. Semantic segmentation is a more complete image understanding, whereby an image is partitioned into coherent regions that are assigned meaningful class labels. This thesis proposes novel discriminative learning approaches to these problems. Our primary contributions are threefold. Firstly, we demonstrate that the contours (the outline and interior edges) of an object are, alone, sufficient for accurate visual recognition. Secondly, we propose two powerful new feature types: (i) a learned codebook of contour fragments matched with an improved oriented chamfer distance, and (ii) a set of texture-based features that simultaneously exploit local appearance, approximate shape, and appearance context. The efficacy of these new features types is evaluated on a wide variety of datasets. Thirdly, we show how, in combination, these two largely orthogonal feature types can substantially improve recognition performance above that achieved by either alone.
Studying the Stoichiometry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Intact Cells using Correlative Microscopy (2015)

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of whole cells in hydrated state. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to EGFR via a two-step labeling protocol, providing an efficient and specific protein labeling, while avoiding label-induced clustering of the receptor. Fluorescence microscopy provided overview images of the cellular locations of the EGFR. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) detector was used to detect the QD labels with nanoscale resolution. The resulting correlative images provide data of the cellular EGFR distribution, and the stoichiometry at the single molecular level in the natural context of the hydrated intact cell. ESEM-STEM images revealed the receptor to be present as monomer, as homodimer, and in small clusters. Labeling with two different QDs, i.e., one emitting at 655 nm and at 800 revealed similar characteristic results.
Local Critical Angle Measurements for the Examination of Materials (1983)

Interface waves excited on a liquid-solid boundary by an incident longitudinal sound wave in water can be used to examine physical properties near the surface of a solid. Focused longitudinal waves at an average angle of incidence equal to the Rayleigh critical angle excite interface waves locally on the boundary. approximately one shear wavelength into the solid and radiate a low amplitude longitudinal wave back into the water at an angle e. A point receiver may be used to record amplitude R(8) and phase +(e) of the radiated wave. Because R(8) and '+'(e) are modulated by local subsurface properties when e is equal to a critical angle, these properties may be imaged by scanning and recording R(O) and Y(E). Experimental results on local anisotropy and nonlinear materials response are presented. These waves penetrate
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids, Their α‐ Hydroxy Derivatives, and the N‐Terminal Components of Bestatin and Microginin. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Iterative Detection and Decoding Receiver for LDPC-Coded MIMO Systems (2015)

This paper presents a high-throughput, area-efficient and energy-efficient iterative detection and decoding (IDD) receiver for low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. A layered non-resetting IDD technique is used to minimize the number of inner iterations for a required error performance. An area-efficient minimum mean-square error with parallel interference cancellation (MMSE-PIC) detector is devised to simplify matrix inversion. A detector-decoder interface that is used to exchange soft messages efficiently is proposed. Given the throughput specifications, inner and outer loops are optimally combined to maximize the error performance. The design specifications defined in the IEEE 802.11n standard are adopted as the design target. A 4 × 4 antenna configuration with BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM modulations are realized in silicon. The designs that support 64-QAM and 256-QAM modulations are also demonstrated for comparison with prior work. Fabricated in 40 nm technology, the chip integrates 998k logic gates in 1.33 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and achieves a maximum throughput of 794 Mb/s. The chip dissipates 135 mW at 0.9 V, achieving an energy efficiency of 170 pJ/bit.
Neural network based spectral mask estimation for acoustic beamforming (2016)

We present a neural network based approach to acoustic beamforming. The network is used to estimate spectral masks from which the Cross-Power Spectral Density matrices of speech and noise are estimated, which in turn are used to compute the beamformer coefficients. The network training is independent of the number and the geometric configuration of the microphones. We further show that it is possible to train the network on clean speech only, avoiding the need for stereo data with separated speech and noise. Two types of networks are evaluated. One small feed-forward network with only one hidden layer and one more elaborated bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory network. We compare our system with different parametric approaches to mask estimation and using different beamforming algorithms. We show that our system yields superior results, both in terms of perceptual speech quality and with respect to speech recognition error rate. The results for the simple feed-forward network are especially encouraging considering its low computational requirements.
Unique Electrochemical Adsorption Properties of Pt‐Skin Surfaces (2012)

Dünne Haut: Pt-Legierungskatalysatoren, z. B. getempertes Pt3Ni(111) (siehe STM-Bild), mit einer Oberflächenschicht aus reinem Platin (Pt-Außenhaut-Oberfläche genannt) haben stark von reinem Pt abweichende elektrochemische Adsorptionseigenschaften. Die Wasserstoffadsorption ist in hohem Maße unterdrückt (siehe Cyclovoltammogramme für Pt3Ni(111) mit Außenhaut (—) und Pt(111) (••••)), was die Bestimmung der elektrochemisch aktiven Oberfläche erschwert.
Herpetic keratitis in athymic (nude) mice (1979)

The inflammatory response to herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea was studied in athymic nude (nu/nu) and heterozygote (nu/+) BALB/c mice. Although athymic mice were highly susceptible to HSV infection and died 13 to 17 days after corneal inoculation, they failed to develop necrotizing keratitis of the cornea. Heterozygote mice survived the initial virual infection, but many of these mice developed necrotizing keratitis and permanent corneal scarring. Light and electron microscopy showed numerous inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the corneas of heterozygote mice, but not in the athymic mice. These studies suggest that the immune system plays a dual role in herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea: protection against dissemination of the virus and immunopathogenesis of necrotizing keratitis in the cornea.
Probabilistic inference for solving discrete and continuous state Markov Decision Processes (2006)

Inference in Markov Decision Processes has recently received interest as a means to infer goals of an observed action, policy recognition, and also as a tool to compute policies. A particularly interesting aspect of the approach is that any existing inference technique in DBNs now becomes available for answering behavioral question--including those on continuous, factorial, or hierarchical state representations. Here we present an Expectation Maximization algorithm for computing optimal policies. Unlike previous approaches we can show that this actually optimizes the discounted expected future return for arbitrary reward functions and without assuming an ad hoc finite total time. The algorithm is generic in that any inference technique can be utilized in the E-step. We demonstrate this for exact inference on a discrete maze and Gaussian belief state propagation in continuous stochastic optimal control problems.
Simulation of the dynamic oscillatory response of electrorheological suspensions: Demonstration of a relaxation mechanism (1993)

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
Anti-HIV Type 1 Activity of Sulfated Derivatives of Dextrin against Primary Viral Isolates of HIV Type 1 in Lymphocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (1997)

The anti-HIV-1 activity of sulfated derivatives of dextrin was tested in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocyte-derived macrophages using low-passage syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing primary viral isolates of HIV-1. All four compounds blocked infection in a dose-dependent manner. Dextrin 2-sulfate blocked infection with a 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of 69 microg ml(-1). The IC90 for dextrin 3-sulfate was 50 microg ml(-1) and for dextrin 6-sulfate was 14 microg ml(-1). Increasing the number of sulfate groups to three per glucan molecule (dextrin 2-, 3-, and 6-sulfate) did not reduce the IC90 further (13 microg ml(-1)) compared to dextrin 6-sulfate. There was no significant difference in the concentration required to block infection of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells when compared with monocyte-derived macrophages, irrespective of whether low-passage syncytium-inducing or non-syncytium-inducing primary viral isolates of HIV-1 were used. Dextrin 2-sulfate and dextrin 6-sulfate also reduced the transmission of HIV-1 in experiments performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-positive patients by 6- to 251-fold in a limiting dilution tissue culture infectious dose assay. Sulfated dextrins were not toxic to either primary lymphocytes or macrophages at the concentrations tested. Having previously shown that the cell surface binding of sulfated dextrins is dependent on the position of the negatively charged sulfate groups, we now show that their anti-HIV-1 activity in primary lymphocytes and macrophages is also dependent on the same arrangement. A phase I/II clinical trial of dextrin 2-sulfate is now in progress.
Monitoring Peri-Therapeutic Cerebral Circulation Time: A Feasibility Study Using Color-Coded Quantitative DSA in Patients with Steno-Occlusive Arterial Disease (2012)

Without extra contrast medium and radiation dosages, color-coded quantitative DSA enables real-time monitoring of peri-therapeutic intracranial CirT in patients with SOAD .
In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Breast (2007)

In vivo proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (hydrogen 1 spectroscopy) provides useful information about the pathology of breast lesions by the measurement of diagnostic chemicals visible on the MR timescale. Spectroscopic measurements may be obtained following contrast-enhanced MR imaging by applying a point-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy sequence. The observation of resonances at discrete spectral frequencies allows an accurate diagnosis. In spectra obtained in vivo in malignant breast cancers, an observed resonance at 3.23 ppm is consistent with phosphocholine. In spectra from benign breast lesions and some normal breast tissue in lactating mothers and in some nonlactating healthy women, a recorded resonance at 3.28 ppm is thought to originate from glycerophosphocholine, taurine, or myoinositol. The success of in vivo spectroscopy depends on the appropriate pre-acquisition setup, acquisition protocol, and postprocessing techniques for achieving high spectral resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio sufficient to separate the resonances of the important biomarkers. When implemented correctly, the method is diagnostically accurate and robust.
Interaction Codes within the Family of Mammalian Phox and Bem1p Domain-containing Proteins (2003)

The Phox and Bem1p (PB1) domain constitutes a recently recognized protein-protein interaction domain found in the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoenzymes, lambda/iota- and zeta PKC; members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules like MEK5, MEKK2, and MEKK3; and in several scaffold proteins involved in cellular signaling. Among the last group, p62 and Par6 (partitioning-defective 6) are involved in coupling the aPKCs to signaling pathways involved in cell survival, growth control, and cell polarity. By mutation analyses and molecular modeling, we have identified critical residues at the interaction surfaces of the PB1 domains of aPKCs and p62. A basic charge cluster interacts with an acidic loop and helix both in p62 oligomerization and in the aPKC-p62 interaction. Subsequently, we determined the abilities of mammalian PB1 domain proteins to form heteromeric and homomeric complexes mediated by this domain. We report several novel interactions within this family. An interaction between the cell polarity scaffold protein Par6 and MEK5 was found. Furthermore, p62 interacts both with MEK5 and NBR1 in addition to the aPKCs. Evidence for involvement of p62 in MEK5-ERK5 signaling is presented.
Pre-existing immunity against swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses in the general human population (2009)

A major concern about the ongoing swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (S-OIV) outbreak is that the virus may be so different from seasonal H1N1 that little immune protection exists in the human population. In this study, we examined the molecular basis for pre-existing immunity against S-OIV, namely the recognition of viral immune epitopes by T cells or B cells/antibodies that have been previously primed by circulating influenza strains. Using data from the Immune Epitope Database, we found that only 31% (8/26) of B-cell epitopes present in recently circulating H1N1 strains are conserved in the S-OIV, with only 17% (1/6) conserved in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. In contrast, 69% (54/78) of the epitopes recognized by CD8(+) T cells are completely invariant. We further demonstrate experimentally that some memory T-cell immunity against S-OIV is present in the adult population and that such memory is of similar magnitude as the pre-existing memory against seasonal H1N1 influenza. Because protection from infection is antibody mediated, a new vaccine based on the specific S-OIV HA and NA proteins is likely to be required to prevent infection. However, T cells are known to blunt disease severity. Therefore, the conservation of a large fraction of T-cell epitopes suggests that the severity of an S-OIV infection, as far as it is determined by susceptibility of the virus to immune attack, would not differ much from that of seasonal flu. These results are consistent with reports about disease incidence, severity, and mortality rates associated with human S-OIV.
Evolutionary Theory Heredity, Evolution and Society I. M. Lerner (1970)

Evolutionary Theory Get access Heredity, Evolution and Society, by Lerner I. M., W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1968, 307 p., $8.00 (68-25409). Samuel E. Moyer Samuel E. Moyer Northeastern University, Boston, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1970, Pages 58–59, https://doi.org/10.2307/1294770 Published: 01 January 1970
Time relationship between the respiratory cycle and limb cycle in the horse (1982)

Techniques developed for the detection and simultaneous recording of certain events in the respiratory and limb cycles are presented. The respiratory cycle and limb cycle were found to be in-phase only at the canter and gallop. The significance of any time relationship between events in respiration and in locomotion is discussed.
Hidden Markov model for Mandarin lexical tone recognition (1988)

A case of lexical tone recognition for Mandarin speech is discussed using a combination of vector quantization and hidden Markov modelling techniques. The observation sequence was a sequence of vectorized parameters consisting of a logarithmic pitch interval and its first derivative. The vector quantization was applied to convert the observation sequence into a symbol sequence for Hidden Markov modeling. The speech database was provided by seven male and seven female college students, with each pronouncing 72 isolated monosyllabic utterances. A probabilistic model for each of the four tones was generated. A series of tonal recognition tests were then conducted to evaluate the effects of pitch reference base, codebook size, and tonal model topology. Future consideration of Mandarin speech recognition is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of reserpine, an inhibitor of multi-drug efflux pumps, on the in-vitro susceptibilities of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to norfloxacin (1997)

susceptible to miocamycin, a 16-membered macrolide (MIC 90 of 0.25 mg/L). 5 The very considerable increase in the rate of isolating erythromycin-resistant strains of S. pyogenes requires an urgent response, ideally in the form of a major modification in the prescribing of macrolides. This should be accompanied by a continuing surveillance of the susceptibilities of these bacteria to the relevant antibiotics, particularly the macrolides. Susceptibility testing of S. pyogenes is essential, not only in the interests of individual patients, but also to facilitate identification of significant local changes in antibiotic resistance patterns.
A three-fingered cable-driven gripper for underwater applications (2014)

In this paper, the design and experimental evaluation of a cable driven robotic gripper for underwater applications is presented. The gripper has three fingers and is characterised by a large workspace if compared with other similar devices reported in literature. Its kinematic configuration allows to execute both parallel and precision grasps on objects with very different dimensions. The gripper has 8 degrees of freedom actuated by only three motors by means of a suitable coupling of the joints obtained through the cable transmission. Moreover, in order to facilitate the execution of complex tasks, special force/torque sensors are mounted on the fingertips. The paper reports the main specifications deriving from the particular tasks in which the gripper is involved, and illustrates the proposed design solutions. Results obtained from real underwater experiments are provided as well, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the gripper.