gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from anaerobic co-digestion residues of poultry manure and maize silage via struvite precipitation (2013)

Anaerobic digestion is commonly used for the stabilization of agricultural and animal wastes. However, owing to the stringent environmental criteria, anaerobic digester effluents need to be further treated to reduce nutrient loads to the receiving water bodies. Struvite precipitation is one of the promising techniques applied for this purpose. Yet, in the majority of cases, struvite precipitation is only applied to the liquid phase of anaerobic digester effluents. This study investigated the recovery of nutrients from both the liquid and the solid phases of the phase-separated effluent of a full-scale biogas plant co-digesting poultry manure and maize silage. Struvite precipitation in the liquid phase led to 72.1% and 95.1% average removal efficiencies of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) and orthophosphate respectively. Changing the external phosphorus source did not make any statistically significant difference in nutrient removal. An acidic phosphorus-dissolution process was applied to the solid phase sample to obtain a phosphorus-enriched solution. More than 90.0% of both NH4-N and PO4-P were recovered from the phosphorus-enriched solution with the amendments of magnesium and phosphorus. In the experiments performed without any addition of external magnesium- and phosphorus-containing chemicals, almost complete (99.6%) PO4-P recovery and partial (14.6%) NH4-N recovery were obtained. The results of this study could contribute to the understanding of nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestion residues of manure and agricultural wastes by struvite precipitation.
Elimination of Antibiotic Resistant Surgical Implant Biofilms Using an Engineered Cationic Amphipathic Peptide WLBU2 (2017)

Antibiotics are unable to remove biofilms from surgical implants. This high antibiotic tolerance is related to bacterial persisters, a sub-population of bacteria phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics secondary to a reduced metabolic state. WLBU2 is an engineered cationic amphipathic peptide designed to maximize antimicrobial activity with minimal mammalian cell toxicity. The objective of this study was to test the ability of WLBU2 to remove Staphylococcus aureus surgical implant biofilms. WLBU2 effectively treated S. aureus biofilms formed by a variety of clinical MSSA and MRSA strains and created culture-negative implants in the in vitro biofilm model. Blocking bacterial metabolism by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation did not affect WLBU2 killing compared to decreased killing by cefazolin. In the surgical implant infection animal model, WLBU2 decreased biofilm mass as compared to control, untreated samples. WLBU2 could rapidly eliminate implants in vitro and had sufficient efficacy in vivo with minimal systemic toxicity.
Evaluation of the Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for the Measurement of Total Nitrogen in Water (1999)

Abstract.— A simple, accurate, and environmentally sound procedure based on spectroscopy in the UV range was modified to measure total nitrogen concentrations in both freshwater and brackishwater. Water samples from freshwater fish ponds were analyzed for total nitrogen with the persulfate digestion method followed by analysis of nitrate with the UV method for comparison with the NAS reagent method. Brackishwater samples with salinities of 8 to 10 ppt from shrimp ponds were digested by the persulfate method and analyzed with the UV method. Percentage recovery of nitrogen and also precision were evaluated for the UV method. Nitrate concentrations in the freshwater persulfate digests determined by the UV method were similar to those obtained by the NAS reagent method ( P < 0.05). The slope of the regression line did not differ from 1.0 ( P < 0.05). Precision of both methods was acceptable over the range of nitrogen concentration used, but precision of the UV method tended to be better than that of the NAS method. Spike recovery averaged 97.4% in the NAS reagent method and 107.2% in the UV method. Interference from organic matter was minor in the UV method, because virtually all of the organic matter was oxidized during the digestion. Precision with brackishwater samples was slightly better than the freshwater samples and percentage spike recovery averaged 102.8%. Because spectrophotometers in most laboratories have the capability of reading in the UV range, the UV method is an attractive alternative for total nitrogen analysis.
New polymer for 157-nm single-layer resist based on fluorine-containing acryl copolymer (2001)

We are reporting on the development of acryl polymer based on novel methacrylate and acrylate monomers with various trifluoromethyl groups for the application to 157nm chemically amplified positive-tone resists. The (alpha) - trifluoromethylation of the alkyl ester in methacrylate or acrylate could employ the reduction of acrylpolymer absorbance at 157nm by spectra analysis with the VUV-200 spectrophotometer by JASCO. Although the trifluoromethyl groups could employ the reduction of base polymer absorbance at 157nm, the homopolymers have issued weak etch resistance as a photoresist base polymer. To take account of this issue, we have developed a novel monomer, trifluoromethyl- iso-adamantylmethacrylate (TFIAdMA) and a new co-polymer system with the combination of fluorinated methacrylate derivatives and substituted p-hydroxystyrene. The absorption coefficient of poly(p-tert-butoxystyren-co- hexafluoro-tert-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) incicated to be less than 3 micrometers <SUP>-1</SUP> at 157nm. Patterning results were obtained with a 157nm contact exposure system of VUVES-4500 by LTJ. One of the experimental resists, based on a particular polymer ratio and photo acid generator, has clearly achieved 180nm line and space pattern resolution. At 140nm resist film thickness, the sensitivity was 31 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> when using 0,26N tetrametylammonium hydroxide surfactant type developer.
A protein targeting signal that functions in polarized epithelial cells <i>in vivo</i> (1996)

Eukaryotic membrane-associated polypeptides often contain a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that signals the attachment of GPI lipids to these proteins. The GPI anchor can function as a basolateral or apical targeting signal in mammalian cells cultured in vitro, although the function of the GPI anchor in vivo remains to be elucidated. In this study we have evaluated the effect of fusing a GPI anchor sequence to a prokaryotic reporter protein on the cellular location of the polypeptide in polarized epithelial cells of transgenic mice. The bacterial enzyme, when fused to a eukaryotic signal peptide, was secreted through the basolateral membrane of small-intestinal enterocytes; however, when the enzyme was lined to the GPI anchor sequence the polypeptide was redirected to the apical surface of the epithelial cells. These data provide the first direct evidence that the GPI anchor functions as an apical membrane protein sorting signal in polarized epithelial cells in vivo.
Structure of the Active Sites on H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts for Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Methanol and Carbon Dioxide (2001)

The catalytic properties of H3PO4/ZrO2 catalysts for dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis from CH3OH and CO2 were investigated. The modification of ZrO2 with H3PO4 promoted the activity for selective DMC formation. The characterization of H3PO4/ZrO2 catalysts was performed by means of BET, XRD, 31P MAS NMR, LRS, DRIFT, and NH3-TPD. From the characterization results, it was determined that ZrO2 had Lewis acid sites and did not have Brønsted acid sites. The presence of Brønsted acid sites as well as Lewis acid sites was observed on H3PO4/ZrO2 (P/Zr = 0.05). The acidity of the Brønsted sites is weak, and the site's structure is a bridged OH. Furthermore, this Brønsted site is formed by the interaction between tetragonal Zr and P. In the reaction scheme of DMC formation, the Brønsted acid site can contribute to CH3OH activation and to the enhancement of the catalytic activity.
Contents, Vol. 2, 1960 (1960)

Les risques d'intoxications alimentaires dans les collectivits la lumire de l'exprience franaise des 40 dernires annes. Rle du ditticien. -Das Nahrungsmittelintoxikationsrisiko bei Gemeinschaftsverpflegungen in Frankreich whrend der letzten 40 Jahre. Aufgabe des Ditetikers. -
Electrophysiology and anatomy of embryonic rabbit hearts before and after septation (2004)

Mechanisms of cardiac pacemaking and conduction system (CPCS) development are difficult to study, in part because of the absence of models that are physiologically similar to humans in which we can label the entire CPCS. Investigations of the adult rabbit heart have provided insight into normal and abnormal cardiac conduction. The adult and the embryonic rabbit have an endogenous marker of the entire cardiac conduction system, neurofilament 160 (NF-160). Previous work suggested that ventricular septation correlates with critical phases in avian CPCS development, in contrast to the mouse CPCS. Combining high-resolution optical mapping with immunohistochemical analysis of the embryonic rabbit heart, we investigated the significance of ventricular septation in patterning the rabbit embryonic conduction system. We hypothesized that 1) completion of ventricular septation does not correlate with changes in the ventricular activation sequence in rabbit embryos and 2) CPCS anatomy determines the activation sequence of the embryonic heart. We found that preseptated (days 11-13, n = 13) and postseptated (day 15, n = 5) hearts had similar "apex-to-base" ventricular excitation. PR intervals were not significantly different in either group. CPCS anatomy revealed continuity of the NF-160-positive tract connecting the presumptive sinoatrial node, atrioventricular (AV) junction, and ventricular conduction system. The presence of collagen in the AV junction coincided with the appearance of an AV interval. We conclude that the apex-to-base ventricular activation sequence in the rabbit embryo is present before completion of ventricular septation. CPCS anatomy reflects global cardiac activation as demonstrated by high-resolution optical mapping.
On the mechanism of a rhodium-complex-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the mechanism of a rhodium-complex-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to acetic acidDenis ForsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3, 846–848Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00419a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00419a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1999Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Herbal Therapy in Adult Atopic Dermatitis (1993)

Aims & Scope | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Regulation of Gene Expression During the Vegetative Incompatibility Reaction in Podospora anserina: Characterization of Three Induced Genes (1998)

Vegetative incompatibility in fungi limits the formation of viable heterokaryons. It results from the coexpression of incompatible genes in the heterokaryotic cells and leads to a cell death reaction. In Podospora anserina, a modification of gene expression takes place during this reaction, including a strong decrease of total RNA synthesis and the appearance of a new set of proteins. Using in vitro translation of mRNA and separation of protein products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have shown that the mRNA content of cells is qualitatively modified during the progress of the incompatibility reaction. Thus, gene expression during vegetative incompatibility is regulated, at least in part, by variation of the mRNA content of specific genes. A subtractive cDNA library enriched in sequences preferentially expressed during incompatibility was constructed. This library was used to identify genomic loci corresponding to genes whose mRNA is induced during incompatibility. Three such genes were characterized and named idi genes for genes induced during incompatibility. Their expression profiles suggest that they may be involved in different steps of the incompatibility reaction. The putative IDI proteins encoded by these genes are small proteins with signal peptides. IDI-2 protein is a cysteine-rich protein. IDI-2 and IDI-3 proteins display some similarity in a tryptophan-rich region.
Les bases de comparaison du nombre des accidents de la circulation routiere (1938)

J. H. van Zanten, Les bases de comparaison du nombre des accidents de la circulation routiere, Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1938), pp. 264-287
Degraded image analysis: an invariant approach (1998)

Analysis and interpretation of an image which was acquired by a nonideal imaging system is the key problem in many application areas. The observed image is usually corrupted by blurring, spatial degradations, and random noise. Classical methods like blind deconvolution try to estimate the blur parameters and to restore the image. We propose an alternative approach. We derive the features for image representation which are invariant with respect to blur regardless of the degradation PSF provided that it is centrally symmetric. As we prove in the paper, there exist two classes of such features: the first one in the spatial domain and the second one in the frequency domain. We also derive so-called combined invariants, which are invariant to composite geometric and blur degradations. Knowing these features, we can recognize objects in the degraded scene without any restoration.
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with an attack of multiple sclerosis (1986)

A young woman presented with an acute right pontine lesion and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The lesion was later proven by magnetic resonance imaging to be due to multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, cardiac arrhythmias have not been previously described in this condition. Published support for this possible association is reviewed.
Catalytic C–N Bond-Forming Reactions Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Activation of Amide N–H Bonds (2016)

Over the past three years, our group has become interested in the ability of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) to facilitate direct homolytic bond activations of common organic functional groups that are challenging substrates for conventional hydrogen atom transfer catalysts. This perspective details our efforts to develop oxidative PCET platforms for activating the strong N–H bonds of amides, providing catalytic access to synthetically useful amidyl radicals. We successfully identified compatible combinations of one-electron oxidants and Brønsted bases that, although unable to activate the amide substrates independently, act concomitantly with the requisite energetics to selectively homolyze the N–H bond via concerted PCET. The resulting amidyls were utilized in the development of new catalytic protocols for alkene carboamination and hydroamidation. We also highlight our efforts to develop a PCET-based bond-weakening protocol for the catalytic conjugate aminations using amide substrates. In this work, coordination to a Ti(III) catalyst significantly decreases the strength of a ligated amide N–H bond, enabling a facile PCET event to occur with the weak H atom acceptor TEMPO. Although this discussion focuses on amide activation, we anticipate that the design parameters presented here are general and should provide a framework for the development of PCET catalyst systems for other challenging homolytic bond activations as well.
Developing Commercial Production of Semi-Synthetic Artemisinin, and of β-Farnesene, an Isoprenoid Produced by Fermentation of Brazilian Sugar (2016)

The antimalarial drug artemisinin and the specialty chemical -farnesene are examples of natural product isoprenoids that can help solve global challenges, but whose usage has previously been limited by supply and cost impediments. This review describes the path to commercial production of these compounds utilizing fermentation of engineered yeast. Development of commercially viable yeast strains was a substantial challenge that was addressed by creation and implementation of an industrial synthetic biology pipeline. Using the engineered strains, production of -farnesene from Brazilian sugarcane offers several environmental advantages. Among the many commercial applications of -farnesene, its use as a feedstock for making biodegradable lubricants is highlighted. This example, along with others, highlight a powerful new suite of technologies that will become increasingly important for production of chemicals, spanning from pharmaceuticals through commodity chemicals.
Novel Olig 1-coding variants and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (2006)

Olig1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor expressed in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage in the nervous system. Its role during normal development has not yet been fully resolved, but it is known that in adult life the protein is crucial in the process of remyelination after injury.[1][2][3] Olig1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in early remyelinating lesions in rodent models of demyelinating disease as well as in oligodendrocyte precursor cells at the edge of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions.[1] Olig1 specifically regulates the expression of the major myelin-specific genes during oligodendrocyte maturation in the brain,[2] and remyelination after injury is impaired in Olig1-/- mice.[1] In patients with MS, remyelinating capacity is limited even though oligodendrocyte precursor cells are often efficiently recruited.[4] These findings raise the question whether genetic variants in the Olig1 gene (Olig1) influence remyelinating capacity and vulnerability to the consequences of a demyelinating event.[5]
The programmable protocol VLSI engine (PROVE) (2003)

The protocol VLSI engine (PROVE) is a programmable architecture that can be used to implement several standard communication protocols. The architectural features of PROVE, including efficient multiplexing operation with zero-overhead context-switching and support for timer maintenance on multiplexed links, are described. The protocol to be implemented is described in a formal specification language called the Augmented Protocol Specification Language (APSL). From these formal descriptions, a compiler generates microcode for PROVE. PROVE can process 50000 packets/s (with a 10-MHz internal clock) for standard protocols such as LAPD and LLC Class 2. A typical protocol implementation using the PROVE chip set is described. It is compared with other proposals for protocol engines. The first generation of the PROVE chip set has been built and tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bisindolylmaleimide Protein-Kinase-C Inhibitors Delay the Decline in DNA Synthesis in Mouse Hair Follicle Organ Cultures (1997)

We have used a series of bisindolylmaleimide selective protein-kinase C (PKC) inhibitors to investigate the role of this enzyme in the regulation of cell proliferation in mouse hair follicle organ cultures. Mouse whisker follicles were isolated by microdissection, and rates of DNA synthesis during culture were determined from 3H-thymidine incorporation. The bisindolylmaleimides Ro 31-7549, Ro 31-8161, Ro 31-8425 and Ro 31-8830 inhibit isolated brain PKC with IC50 values of 8-80 nM, are > 60-fold less potent against protein kinase A, and inhibit PKC-mediated protein phosphorylation in platelets with IC50 values in the range 0.25-4.4 microM. These PKC inhibitors were found to increase levels of mouse hair follicle DNA synthesis, with EC50 values in the range 1-4 microM and maximal levels in the range 151-197% of control. Ro 31-7549 had an IC50 value 50-fold lower than that of minoxidil, while the maximal level of DNA synthesis for the PKC inhibitor was 86% higher. Incubation of mouse hair follicles with Ro 31-7549 resulted in a delay of approximately 24 h in the onset of decline in follicular DNA synthesis rates. Ro 31-6045 and Ro 31-7208, bisindolylmaleimides without activity in the platelet PKC assay, did not affect mouse hair follicle DNA synthesis rates. Taken together, these findings show that PKC mediates, at least in part, the rapid loss of proliferative activity that occurs in mouse whisker follicles in culture, and provide further evidence that PKC plays a role as a negative proliferative signal in hair follicles.
Aberration Correction In A Telescope With A Segmented Primary (1989)

In a Cassegrain telescope with a segmented primary mirror, wavefront aberrations are introduced by segment figure errors, segment positioning errors, secondary figure errors, and secondary positioning errors. We give here an analytic description of these errors. The various sources contribute different aberrations to the wavefront. These differences suggest an ordering to the aberration measurement and correction, and allow options in alignment procedures and tolerances. The segmentation and control of the primary mirror segments allow the partial correction of figure aberrations in the secondary mirror and aberrations caused by secondary misalignment. We use the W. M. Keck Ten Meter Telescope as an example for these considerations. The ten-meter diameter actively-controlled primary mirror is a mosaic of thirty-six hexagonal segments and is currently under construction.