gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive treatment with a dual-acting beta-blocker in the elderly (1993)

Risk factors in elderly hypertensives: Recent large-scale clinical trials have shown that antihypertensive treatment in the elderly produces meaningful reductions in strokes and other cardiovascular events. However, the treatment of hypertension in older patients is often complicated by the presence of concomitant disorders. Clinical and silent myocardial ischemia, as well as left ventricular hypertrophy and both systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, frequently coexist with hypertension. Additional clinical considerations in elderly hypertensives include a high prevalence of abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism and a tendency toward decreased renal function. Effects of different antihypertensive drugs: Although diuretics and conventional beta-blockers have been used as first-line drugs in the major clinical trials, some of their effects on metabolic parameters and on the myocardium can make them inappropriate in some patients. Newer drug classes, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers and, more recently, alpha 1-adrenergic blockers are effective alternatives. Dual-acting beta-blockers offer an important new approach for treating hypertension in elderly patients. Effects of carvedilol: Carvedilol possesses both beta- and alpha 1-blocking activity and appears to exhibit calcium channel blocking activity in animals. The alpha 1-blocking properties of this drug help to produce a desirable hemodynamic profile and facilitate appropriate blood pressure and heart rate responses to exercise. Carvedilol does not appear to adversely affect left ventricular systolic function and, in selected patients with heart failure, has been shown to increase the ejection fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mono and Multilayer Assembly of Zeolite Microcrystals on Substrates (2006)

We have shown that zeolite microcrystals can be readily organized in the form of uniformly oriented monoand multilayers on various substrates by well-defined chemical linkages based on covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bondings between the microcrystals and the substrates. This finding establishes the fact that micrometer-scale building blocks can be readily organized into organized entities through interconnection of the surface-tethered large number of functional groups. Since zeolite crystals have highly regular and uniform nanochannels and nanopores within them, the resulting mono and multilayers of zeolite microcrystals bear great potential to be utilized in various novel applications.
A New Method of Preparation of Tetracarbon Monofluoride (1972)

Abstract A new static bomb synthesis of tetracarbon monofluoride (C4F) is described, which leads to a good yield in a short time. The X-ray powder diffraction data and some physical properties of this compound are reported.
The chemical and magnetic structural characterisation of magneto-resistive devices using X-ray techniques (2003)

The academic and industrial interest in magnetic data storage has been fuelled by the information age. The number of applications for magnetic thin-films has increased rapidly, along with the popularity of using X-ray techniques as a tool by which to characterise them. Structural characterisation is a key process to their development and understanding, correlating chemical and magnetic structure to magneto-transport. In this thesis a number of magneto-resistive devices are studied, including spin-valves, magnetic tunnel junctions and magnetic multilayers. The credence of using grazing incidence X-ray techniques for characterisation is initially demonstrated by accounting for variations in MR from nominally identical spin-valves, through observing subtle fluctuations in the pinning NiO layer thickness. The study of magnetic tunnel junctions has revealed discrepancies in barrier thickness as measured by X-ray reflectivity and through fits to the 1-V profile using Simmonsâ model. This demonstrates localised tunnelling and the inaccuracy of 1-V modelling in determining average barrier thickness. Specular reflectivity and diffuse analysis have also determined a far larger than expected level of intermixing across Al bilayer interfaces with Al on X and X on Al, where X are transition metals from groups 3,4 and 5 of the periodic table. AF coupled multilayers are studied using polarised neutron reflectivity, the results of which have been compared directly with the relatively new technique: resonant soft X- ray magnetic scattering (SoXMaS). Specular and diffuse scattering studies reveal striking discrepancies between the two techniques, due to differences between the relative magnetic to chemical cross sections. Simulations further demonstrate SoXMaS and its sensitivity to magnetic structure. Finally, reflectivity data from Co/Cu Bragg peaks are used to calculate the refractive index of Co across the Co Lm and Ln edge under different magnetisation orientations.
Interleukin-4 is an autocrine growth factor secreted by the L-428 Reed- Sternberg cell (1992)

Recent evidence indicates that Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells from many cases of Hodgkin's disease have features of activated lymphocytes and that lymphokines from activated lymphocytes induce proliferation of L- 428 RS cells. It is shown here that a lymphokine similar to a lymphokine secreted by activated lymphocytes is secreted by L-428 cells. This lymphokine has a molecular weight approximately equal to 68,000 daltons, identical to glycosylated recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4), and cross-reacts with monoclonal anti-IL-4 in Western immunoblotting. This Hodgkin's cell growth factor (HCGF) is 100% neutralized by polyclonal anti-IL-4 antibodies and competes for the IL- 4 receptor. After acid-elution, the L-428 RS cell has been shown to have 3,396 +/- 120 high-affinity receptor sites/cell. HCGF competes with rIL-4 for this receptor and L-428 cells contain mRNA for IL-4. Although all evidence indicates that IL-4 is an important secreted autocrine growth factor for L-428 RS cells, anti-IL-4 has no effect on the sustained serum-free growth of these Hodgkin's cells, suggesting that either the IL-4 receptor and the IL-4 receptor-growth factor complex are protected from antibody inhibition or other mechanisms are responsible for the sustained proliferation of L-428 RS cells.
Magnetic flux reversal in laminated Ni-Fe films (1966)

Anomalously fast flux reversal has been observed in films made of Ni-Fe layers separated by SiO. The speed of reversal increases as the number of identical layers of Ni-Fe increases. For a 5-layer film, the anomalous speed is observed in films with the SiO thickness as great as 1600 Å. Reversal time curves presented as a family of curves of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/\tau = f(h_{\perp})</tex> with h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> as a parameter have two regions. The high-drive region has a lower slope in the laminated films when compared to the single-layer films. For this family of curves, a switching coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_{w'}</tex> can be defined, as the inverse slope, in a manner similar to the definition of S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</inf> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/\tau = f(h_{s})</tex> with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h_{\perp}</tex> as a parameter. For films with from two to five layers, S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</inf> ' is constant at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 \times 10^{-3} \mu</tex> s and is smaller by an order of magnitude for the single-layer films. A dual loop experiment is used to confirm that coherent rotation is not a dominant mechanism. It is concluded that a model must satisfy the following criteria to successfully describe flux reversal in the laminated films: It must provide rapid flux reversal for fields less than H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> , an insensitivity to transverse fields either constant or pulsed, and an interaction that can survive over a wide range of SiO thicknesses.
Cross-based local multipoint filtering (2012)

This paper presents a cross-based framework of performing local multipoint filtering efficiently. We formulate the filtering process as a local multipoint regression problem, consisting of two main steps: 1) multipoint estimation, calculating the estimates for a set of points within a shape-adaptive local support, and 2) aggregation, fusing a number of multipoint estimates available for each point. Compared with the guided filter that applies the linear regression to all pixels covered by a fixed-sized square window non-adaptively, the proposed filtering framework is a more generalized form. Two specific filtering methods are instantiated from this framework, based on piecewise constant and piecewise linear modeling, respectively. Leveraging a cross-based local support representation and integration technique, the proposed filtering methods achieve theoretically strong results in an efficient manner, with the two main steps' complexity independent of the filtering kernel size. We demonstrate the strength of the proposed filters in various applications including stereo matching, depth map enhancement, edge-preserving smoothing, color image denoising, detail enhancement, and flash/no-flash denoising.
A Two-Element Time-Modulated Array With Direction-Finding Properties (2007)

A two-element time-modulated array system which can be configured to provide active electronic null scanning is presented. The received signal from each element of the array is time switched and combined to provide a phase-modulated output in which the depth of modulation is dependent on the angle of arrival of the received signal. The angular response of the array at the first harmonic of the switching frequency exhibits a deep null which can be scanned in angle to plusmn90deg by controlling the mark-space ratio of the element switching waveform
High-speed photodetectors on InGaAs/GaAs-on-GaAs superlattices (1991)

We investigate a new type of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSM) on an InxGa1−xAs/GaAs strained superlattice whose performances compare to state of the art results achieved with MSMs on lattice matched In0.53Ga0.47As-on-InP material. The superlattices consist of 120 periods of 6-nm GaAs and 6–8 nm InxGa1−xAs with InAs content x between 48% and 66%. The structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. Smooth morphologies and defect densities below 500 cm−2 were achieved with a growth temperature of 450–470 °C and with a minimum As to Ga pressure ratio. The cutoff wavelength and the dark current of the detectors increase with InAs content. The dark currents range between 100 nA and 3 μA at 10 V for 2500 μm2 devices and the spectral responses show cutoffs between 1.3 and 1.6 μm. The response time to short laser pulse excitation at 1.3 μm is below 30 ps full width at half maximum, and is limited by the time resolution of the measuring system. The internal quantum efficiency under pulsed excitation achieves maximum values near 60%. The very fast response time and relatively low quantum efficiency are indicative of fast carrier recombination processes in the active region of the detectors.
purification of the major UsnRNPs from broad bean nuclear extracts and characterization of their protein constituents (1989)

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles containing the five major nucleoplasmic snRNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 as well as two smaller sized snRNAs were purified from broad bean nuclear extracts by anti-m3G, monoclonal antibody, immunoaffinity chromatography. We have so far defined 13 polypeptides of approximate mol. wts. of 11 kd, 11.5 kd, 12.5 kd, 16 kd, 17 kd, 17.5 kd, 18.5 kd, 25 kd (double band), 30 kd, 31 kd, 35 kd, 36 kd and 54 kd. Upon fractionation of the UsnRNPs by anion exchange chromatography, essentially pure U5 snRNPs were obtained, containing the 11 kd, 11.5 kd, 12.5 kd, 16 kd, 17 kd, 17.5 kd, 35 kd and 36 kd polypeptides. These may therefore represent the common snRNP polypeptides and which may also be present in the other snRNPs. By immunoblotting studies, using anti-Sm sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies we show that the 35 kd and 36 kd proteins are immunologically related to the mammalian common B/B' proteins. The broad bean 16 kd and 17 kd proteins appear to share structural elements with the mammalian D protein. The three proteins of mol. wts. 11 kd, 11.5 kd and 12.5 kd probably represent the broad bean polypeptides E, F, and G. Cross-reactivity of proteins of mol. wts of 30 kd and 31 kd with Anti-(U1/U2)RNP antibodies suggests that they may represent the broad bean A and B" polypeptides. The 54 kd protein and the 18.5 kd protein could be candidates for the U1 specific 70 k and C polypeptides. Our results demonstrate a strong similarity between the overall structure of broad bean and mammalian snRNPs.
Monterey Bay ambient noise profiles using underwater gliders (2013)

In 2012, during two separate week-long deployments, underwater gliders outfitted with external hydrophones profiled the upper 100-200 m of the Monterey Bay. The environment contained various noises made by marine mammals, ships, winds, and earthquakes. Unlike hydrophone receivers moored to a fixed location, moving gliders measure noise variability across a wide terrain. However, underwater mobile systems have limitations such as instrument and flow noise, that are undesired. In order to estimate the system noise level, the hydrophones on the gliders had different gain settings on each deployment. The first deployment used a 0 dB gain during which the ambient noise recordings were dominated by the glider. The second used two hydrophones, one with a 0 dB gain and the other with 20 dB. Apart from system sounds, the higher-gain hydrophone also recorded far-away sources such as whales and ships. The noise recordings are used to estimate the spectrograms across depth and record time. The spectrograms are integrated with the glider engineering data to estimate histograms of noise power as a function of depth and glider velocity. The statistics from the two different deployments are compared to discuss the value of gliders with external hydrophones in ambient noise studies.
Broadband 3D Digital Holography for depth structure visualization (2010)

We are presenting method for 3D visualization of depth structure of scattering biological matters with high spatial resolution (10-15 mkm) with no longitudinal or transverse scanning. This method is based on holographic digital recording of scattered by the object light waves for discrete set of spectral components and on posterior digital restoration of 3D image. By means of tunable infrared source with coherence length, exceeding depth of investigated area, and with tune range of several tens of nm it was realized real 3D tomographic visualization of object depth structure.
Phase II Trial of Thalidomide for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2002)

This trial does not support the routine use of thalidomide to induce partial response for metastatic RCC. Because disease stabilization occurs as a part of the natural history of metastatic RCC, the potential effect of thalidomide on progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced RCC is being addressed in a randomized phase III trial. New immunomodulatory analogs of thalidomide that have shown potentially greater antitumor effects in preclinical models warrant study in metastatic RCC.
On sorting strings in external memory (extended abstract) (1997)

In this paper we address for thejirst time the 1/0 complexity of the problem of sorting strings in external memory, which is a jimdamental component of many large-scale text applications.In the silznabd unit-cost RAM comparison model, the complexity of sorting K strings of total length N is El(K logz K+ N).By analogy, in the external memory (or 1/0) model, where the internal memory has size M and the block transfer size is B, it would be natural to guess that the 1/0 complexity of sorting strings is @(~~ogMIB ~+ ~), but the known algorithms do not come even close to achieving this bound.Our results show, somewhat counterintuitively, that the 1/0 complexi~of string sorting depends upon the length of the strings relative to the block size.Wefirst consider a simple comparison 1/0 model, where one is not allowed to break the strings into their characters, and we show that the 110 complexity of string sorting in this model iswhere N1 is the total length ofall stn"ngs shorter than B and K2 is the number of strings longer than B. We then consider two more general 1,0 comparison models in which string breaking is allowed.We obtain impmved algorithms and in several cases lower bounds that match their 110 bounds.Finally, we develop more practical algorithms without assuming the comparison model.
Activation of Hemostasis and Decline in Cognitive Function in Older People (2009)

Older patients with increased markers of thrombin generation (d-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1+2) are at increased risk for cognitive decline and deterioration in ability to perform activities of daily living. This is likely attributable to increased risk of cerebral ischemic damage (including covert disease) associated with prothrombotic states.
Holographic Storage of Acoustic Surface Waves with Schottky Diode Arrays (1975)

Abstract : Silicon Schottky-diodes have been used to store images of surface acoustic waves propagating on lithium niobate. These images were subsequently employed to provide programmable matched filter or coherent integration fuctions. This technique could also be used to holographically store a large number of acoustic beams to provide a storage capacity as large as 100,000 bits of information. The basic storage element is a Schottky diode with an overlay of polysilicon. Many such diodes are arrayed on centers which are less than an acoustic wavelength apart. When the acoustic signal is in position beneath the diode array, the diodes are forward-biased for several nsec, which causes charge to flow to the diode contact in response to the piezoelectric field of the surface wave. These charges diffuse into the polysilicon in several microseconds, after which a succeeding signal can be overlayed in the array. These charges, which are an image of the acoustic signal are retained in the polysilicon for as long as 100 ms. The stored image is proportional to the acoustic signal in every respect, including the amplitude, phase and wavefront details. This procedure could be repeated for many acoustic beams, and a subsequent signal along a given stored beam causes an electrical signal to appear across the silicon-lithium noibate composite which is proportional to the cross-correlation of the signal with all stored images. This gives rise to the desired output signal, plus undesirable cross-talk signals. Also the desired signal is relatively weak, and its signal-to-noise ratio needs to be increased with a coded interrogating signal and a matched filter. (Author)
AltAnalyze and DomainGraph: analyzing and visualizing exon expression data (2010)

Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for increasing protein diversity. However, its functional effects are largely unknown. Here, we present our new software workflow composed of the open-source application AltAnalyze and the Cytoscape plugin DomainGraph. Both programs provide an intuitive and comprehensive end-to-end solution for the analysis and visualization of alternative splicing data from Affymetrix Exon and Gene Arrays at the level of proteins, domains, microRNA binding sites, molecular interactions and pathways. Our software tools include easy-to-use graphical user interfaces, rigorous statistical methods (FIRMA, MiDAS and DABG filtering) and do not require prior knowledge of exon array analysis or programming. They provide new methods for automatic interpretation and visualization of the effects of alternative exon inclusion on protein domain composition and microRNA binding sites. These data can be visualized together with affected pathways and gene or protein interaction networks, allowing a straightforward identification of potential biological effects due to alternative splicing at different levels of granularity. Our programs are available at http://www.altanalyze.org and http://www.domaingraph.de. These websites also include extensive documentation, tutorials and sample data.
Modification of Wyoming Montmorillonite Surfaces Using a Cationic Surfactant (2005)

Surfaces of Wyoming SWy-2-Na-montmorillonite were modified using ultrasonic and hydrothermal methods through the intercalation and adsorption of the cationic surfactant octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA). Changes in the surfaces and structure were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG), and electron microscopy. The ultrasonic preparation method results in a higher surfactant concentration within the montmorillonite interlayer when compared with that from the hydrothermal method. Three different molecular environments for surfactants within the surface-modified montmorillonite are proposed upon the basis of their different decomposition temperatures. Both XRD patterns and TEM images demonstrate that SWy-2-Na-montmorillonite contains superlayers. TEM images of organoclays prepared at high surfactant concentrations show alternate basal spacings between neighboring layers. SEM images show that modification with surfactant reduces the clay particle size and aggregation. Organoclays prepared at low surfactant concentration display curved flakes, whereas they become flat with increasing intercalated surfactant. Novel surfactant-modified montmorillonite results in the formation of new nanophases with the potential for the removal of organic impurities from aqueous media.
Detection of microsporidial spores in fecal specimens from patients diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis (1994)

Patients infected with Cryptosporidium parvum may have concurrent infections with microsporidia. Two modified trichrome stains and a polyclonal indirect fluorescent-antibody procedure were used for the detection of microsporidia; the Merifluor Cryptosporidium-Giardia monoclonal direct immunofluorescence detection kit was used for the detection of C. parvum. Formalinized stool specimens from 60 immunocompromised patients strongly suspected of having or previously diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis or microsporidiosis were examined. All patients were positive for one or both parasites, 18 (30%) with C. parvum only, 25 (42%) with microsporidia only, and 17 (28%) with both C. parvum and microsporidia. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both organisms as potential causative agents of diarrhea in compromised patients.