gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of vasoactive intestinal peptide at multiple sites by autoantibodies (1991)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) fragments generated by autoantibodies purified from the blood of two human beings were separated and sequenced. Based on the identity of these fragments, seven peptide bonds cleaved by the antibodies were identified. Six of the seven scissile bonds are clustered in the region of VIP spanning residues 14-22 and were cleaved by antibodies from both human subjects. The seventh scissile bond is located at residues 7-8 and was cleaved by antibodies from one of the subjects. The scissile bonds link amino acid residues with different size, charge, and hydrophobicity. The hydrolytic activity of the antibodies was selective in that they failed to hydrolyze polypeptides unrelated in sequence to VIP (insulin and atrial natriuretic peptide). These observations demonstrate substrate specific hydrolysis by naturally occurring antibodies and expand the range of peptide bonds hydrolyzed by these antibodies.
Dual-polar Vivaldi antennas for phased arrays with wide-angle scanning (2001)

Linearly polarised Vivaldi radiating elements were introduced by Gibson (1979) and have received wide attention due to their broad bandwidths and relative ease of manufacture. Development of Vivaldi elements with a dual-polar capability is more complex because of the non-planar antenna geometry and feed configuration. Also, in array applications, the element design must take account of the complex mutual coupling environment at the array aperture. Prediction of the coupling environment, and in particular the variation of the antenna match with array scan angle, requires use of full-wave electromagnetic modelling techniques. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of dual-polar Vivaldi elements optimised for operation in the array environment with frequency bandwidths of up to 3:1 and scan angles of up to 60/spl deg/. The wide-angle scan performance of elements immersed within infinite arrays has been modelled using FDTD techniques. Comparison of FDTD predictions with the measured performance of isolated elements is presented. The wide scan range and bandwidth requirements required the use of customised blind-mate connectors.
Seasat-A opens new phase in earth observations (1978)

The data output of the Seasat-A, the first satellite designed specifically for oceanographic observation, is described. Wave height and direction, ice distribution, surface wind speed and direction, ocean-surface temperature, and atmospheric water content will be monitored by the satellite. Imaging radar, microwave scatterometer, microwave radiometer and visual and infrared radiometer experiments are included in the Seasat-A observing program. Two types of orbits have been developed: a near-repeat cycle of three days, and a near-repeat cycle of 25 days. Both orbit types offer fine coverage (18.5 km crossing separations) of the earth. Synthetic aperture radar data on computer-compatible tapes and geophysical data records available through the Seasat-A mission are described.
Statistical shape model-based segmentation of digital X-ray images (2000)

Proposes an improved search procedure for Active Shape Model (ASM) based delineation of anatomical structures in digital X-ray images and compare the original ASM search method with this new technique and a search method optimizing a Bayesian objective function, based on the prior knowledge of the statistical variation of the object boundary points and the variation of image-profiles. The original ASM search method iteratively improves the current estimate of the location of boundary points by a limited least squares adjustment of the pose and shape parameters, the authors' method additionally requires the subsequent changes in shape during the search to be smooth, which is achieved by using a minimum cost path search algorithm, while the Bayesian search methods uses the prior knowledge of the shape-model to constrain the shape parameters within acceptable limits. A number of experiments were performed to compare the accuracy and robustness of all methods using a cross-validation procedure.
Regioselective Arylation of N‐Tributylstannylated 5‐Substituted Tetrazoles by Diaryliodonium Salts in the Presence of Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub>. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fabrication of Core-Shell Nanoparticles (2005)

Metallic Cu and Au shells were fabricated around cobalt nanoparticles. A new technique to coat nanoparticles with carbon coatings and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was developed. The copper shell formation is a self-limiting process. A thin copper shell (0.82 nm) around the cobalt nanoparticle (1.56 nm) enhanced the magnetic property by increasing the blocking temperature from 124 K to 235 K for nanoparticles with a copper shell. The formed gold shell (0.67 nm) enhanced the cobalt nanoparticle magnetic property by increasing the blocking temperature above room temperature. The magnetic moment in the Co-Cu and Co-Au core-shell nanoparticle is much higher than that of the pure cobalt nanoparticle. However, the copper shell (2.88 nm) around the FeCo alloy nanoparticle (0.87 nm) was fabricated and found to decrease the blocking temperature to 126 K. Complete displacement of Fe nanoparticle by copper ions was observed with a loss of the magnetic property. The electrochemical reaction rate was used to estimate the reaction rate in aqueous solutions between the cobalt, or iron nanoparticle, and the copper ions and was found to be similar: 0.0015 A/cm2 and 0.0022 A/cm2 for the Co-Cu and Fe-Cu systems. The annealing process has a dramatic effect on the behavior of the nanoparticles. The sizes were increased in all the nanoparticles, as expected. A phase change (from fcc to hcp) was found in the cobalt nanoparticles as the annealing temperature increased. Phase segregation and partial oxidation of the FeCo alloy nanoparticle under the annealing process was observed. A tight carbon shell was formed around the iron nanoparticle and protected the iron nanoparticle from oxidation in acid. Fe-C core-shell nanoparticles retained the magnetic property (i.e. saturation magnetization and coercivity) after exposure to acid. A resistance change with a variation of magnetic field is referred to as magnetoresistance (MR). Magnetoresistance was observed in the pressed Co-Au core-shell pellet. Both the fresh Co-Au and annealed core-shell nanoparticle followed the metallic conduction behavior. No MR was observed in the Co-Cu and FeCo-Cu core-shell nanoparticles.
Immunochemical analysis of kinesin light chain function. (1997)

The kinesin heterotetramer consists of two heavy and two light chains. Kinesin light chains have been proposed to act in binding motor protein to cargo, but evidence for this has been indirect. A library of monoclonal antibodies directed against conserved epitopes throughout the kinesin light chain sequence were used to map light chain functional architecture and to assess physiological functions of these domains. Immunocytochemistry with all antibodies showed a punctate pattern that was detergent soluble. A monoclonal antibody (KLC-All) made against a highly conserved epitope in the tandem repeat domain of light chains inhibited fast axonal transport in isolated axoplasm by decreasing both the number and velocity of vesicles moving, whereas an antibody against a conserved amino terminus epitope had no effect. KLC-All was equally effective at inhibiting both anterograde and retrograde transport. Neither antibody inhibited microtubule-binding or ATPase activity in vitro. KLC-All was unique among antibodies tested in releasing kinesin from purified membrane vesicles, suggesting a mechanism of action for inhibition of axonal transport. These results provide further evidence that conventional kinesin is a motor for fast axonal transport and demonstrate that kinesin light chains play an important role in kinesin interaction with membranes.
Extensible visual constraint language (2015)

The paper presents a visual, imperative language for the specification of constraints corresponding to domain-specific modeling languages (DSML) in the new WebGME modeling environment. The language is based on the visual notation introduced by Scratch. The novel feature of the approach is that the constraint language is just another DSML defined through UML class diagram-based metamodels. As such, it is easily extensible via metamodel inheritance. The visual constraint programs are automatically translated into asynchronous JavaScript code that utilizes the native WebGME APIs for evaluation.
Structure and dynamics of nucleosomal DNA (2003)

The last five years have seen exciting advances in our understanding of the structure of the nucleosome core particle, the basic repeating unit in all eukaryotic chromatin. A picture emerges in which nucleosomal DNA, while distorted and compacted fivefold by tight interactions with the histone octamer core, is at the same time highly dynamic and adaptable. Here, we summarize the salient features from recent structural studies of nucleosome core particles (both published and unpublished) that concern the structure and dynamics of nucleosomal DNA, and the nature of protein-DNA interactions. Current mechanisms for chromatin remodeling and nucleosome sliding are discussed in light of new structural evidence. Finally, techniques to study nucleosome stability and ultimately dynamics are introduced.
How Are Your Floors Faring (1955)

Beautiful floors play an important part in the appearnce of your home. But, in the past, it was a big job to keep your floors looking nice. With modern floor finishes, the job of maintaining floors is easier.
Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Pregnancy: Successful Resuscitation of Mother and Infant Following Immediate Caesarean Section in Labour Ward (1996)

Our patient experienced cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to profound hypotension and was unable to be resuscitated with external cardiac massage and assisted ventilation. This case demonstrates the need for continued vigilance by medical and nursing staff when epidural anaesthesia is being established. Resuscitation equipment should be available in the labour ward as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and immediate Caesarean section can be lifesaving in the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest.
U.S. Presidential Decisions on Ozone Depletion and Climate Change: A Foreign Policy Analysis (2008)

The overarching question this paper addresses is whether and, if so, to what extent can existing IR theories commonly associated with high politics decision making be applied to low politics issue areas, specifically international environmental policy. The paper serves to test poliheuristic theory against two case studies, The Montreal Protocol and The Kyoto Protocol, to assess its ability to explain the decision-making processes of four United States presidents. The paper concludes that poliheuristic theory adequately explains the presidents' behavior in virtually all cases. It is especially effective in explaining the first phase of the decision-making process. The paper also suggests in the conclusion that a president's “environmentalness” may affect his decision-making behavior in the first phase.
Use of Polymers in Electrophotography (1968)

エレクトロファックスの酸化亜鉛結着剤として, 多種類の高分子化合物が用いられるが, 電子写真的特性と高分子の構造との関係は複雑で, まだ十分明らかにされていない。その特徴は,結着剤の酸化亜鉛表面に対する吸着,あるいは酸化亜鉛微結晶の結着剤中における分散状態など,結晶と高分子の間の界面に関係する要素が特性を支配する決定的な因子となることであって,高分子の物理的性質,もしくは化学構造との間に簡単な関係を見出すのはむずかしいことである。高分子の基本骨格や分子量と同時に,末端基などに含まれる少量の極性基,カルボキシル基や水酸基が大きく特性を支配する。また,現像に用いるトナー粒子の荷電も,既成の理論の適用しにくい,絶縁物の聞の接触電位という界面現象に依存しているため,一般的な研究は少ない。本稿では,従来の報告を著者らの経験に基いて総括したもので,問題点を明らかにするように努めた。
Molecular genetic approaches to leaf development: <i>Knotted</i> and beyond (1994)

Molecular genetics provides a promising alternative to other experimental approaches for furthering our understanding of the mechanisms controlling leaf development. We investigated the molecular basis of dominant Knotted (Kn1) mutations in maize, which cause cells associated with the lateral veins of the leaf blade to acquire characteristics of sheath or auricle and sporadically form outgrowths called knots. The kn1 gene encodes a homeodomain, a DNA-binding domain shared by many transcription factors that regulate developmental processes in animals and fungi. In normal plants, the expression of kn1 is confined to the shoot apex, but in Kn1 mutants, the gene is also expressed ectopically in the veins of developing leaves, apparently causing cells to change their developmental fates. The kn1 gene may function in the shoot apex of normal plants to promote indeterminate growth. Consistent with this hypothesis, when kn1 is expressed constitutively at high levels in the leaves of transgenic tobacco, shoots are formed on the leaf surface. Thus, our results indicate that while the kn1 gene may normally have no function in leaf development, it can alter the development of maize and tobacco leaves when it is expressed in the leaf inappropriately. Genes that normally play a role in leaf development are more likely to be defined by recessive mutations that alter leaf morphogenesis and histogenesis. Key words: leaf development, molecular genetics, Knotted.
The Use of Acellular Dermal Matrices in Two-Stage Expander/Implant Reconstruction: A Multicenter, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

Current efficacy data supporting the routine use of acellular dermal matrices (ADM) in postmastectomy tissue expander/implant reconstruction is limited. A multi-center, blinded, randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ADM in the setting of TE/I reconstruction. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether the use of ADM would decrease patient-reported, post-operative pain. The secondary objective was to determine whether the use of ADM accelerated the rate of post-operative expansion. Tertiary objectives included an evaluation of long-term aesthetic results, capsular contracture rates and patient satisfaction.
From wireless LANs to wireless network systems: applying lessons from cellular networking to enterprise wireless networking (2002)

Enterprises are extending their wired LAN infrastructure to support wireless connectivity, using radio standards such as IEEE 802.11b, Bluetooth, HiperLAN, and other emerging technologies. Wireless LANs give mobile users anywhere, anytime access to the LAN, and wireless connectivity offers lower installation and maintenance costs compared with traditional wired network infrastructure. However, to play a mission-critical role within the enterprise, wireless LANs must satisfy the security, manageability, interoperability, simplicity, seamless mobility, and application needs of network managers and end users.In this chapter, we discuss the limitations of the wireless LAN standards as implemented within access points and client adapters. To bring security, manageability, usability, and performance to the wireless LAN, enterprises require additional network infrastructure. Borrowing from the design of cellular network infrastructure, the wireless LAN system creates a corporate-wide Mobile Domain, a secure environment for mobile users within which they can access the information and resources they need to be more productive.
Etched chalcogenide fibers for near-field infrared scanning microscopy (1998)

Typical infrared transmitting fibers comprise a chalcogenide core surrounded by a sulfur-selenide cladding, which is in turn coated with a polymer such as polyamide. For use in a near-field scanning infrared microscope (NSIM), such infrared-transmitting fibers must be tapered to a sharp point. Sharper points allow smaller apertures, which allow higher resolution. The light throughput of the probe depends on the length of the taper region: the longer the taper length, the further the infrared radiation must propagate through a waveguide smaller than its wavelength. Thus, shorter taper lengths should give higher light throughput. We describe a method for etching chalcogenide fibers to submicron points by simple chemical means. Methods are described for removal of the polyamide coating, stripping of the SSe cladding surrounding the core, and etching the chalcogenide fiber core to a sharp point. Removal of the polyamide coating is most easily accomplished by dissolution in 4-Chloro-1-butanol. The SSe cladding is removed by soaking the fiber in 0.1 M NaOH overnight. The chalcogenide core is tapered to a sharp point by immersion in a two-phase etching system, where the top phase is an inert organic solvent, and the bottom phase is a strong oxidant. Fibers both with and without cladding have been tapered. The resulting fibers have a taper length on the order of the core diameter, and terminate with a submicron end radius of curvature. The potential for use in a NSIM, as well as other uses, is discussed.
Molecular Switch Controlling the Binding of Anionic Bile Acid Conjugates to Human Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter (2010)

The human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT) may serve as a prodrug target for oral drug absorption. Synthetic, biological, NMR, and computational approaches identified the structure-activity relationships of mono- and dianionic bile acid conjugates for hASBT binding. Experimental data combined with a conformationally sampled pharmacophore/QSAR modeling approach (CSP-SAR) predicted that dianionic substituents with intramolecular hydrogen bonding between hydroxyls on the cholane skeleton and the acid group on the conjugate's aromatic ring increased conjugate hydrophobicity and improved binding affinity. Notably, the model predicted the presence of a conformational molecular switch, where shifting the carboxylate substituent on an aromatic ring by a single position controlled binding affinity. Model validation was performed by effectively shifting the spatial location of the carboxylate by inserting a methylene adjacent to the aromatic ring, resulting in the predicted alteration in binding affinity. This work illustrates conformation as a determinant of ligand physiochemical properties and ligand binding affinity to a biological transporter.
Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 177. Synthesen von 4‐Chromanon‐2‐carbonsäuren (1973)

Abstract Die Fumarsäure‐monophenylester 1a – d liefern bei der Friesschen Verschiebung die Benzoyl‐acrylsäuren 2a – d , welche unter der Einwirkung von Na 2 CO 3 ‐Lösung zu den 4‐Chromanon‐2‐carbonsäuren 3a – d weiterreagieren.
Hydrodynamics of three phase flow in upstream pipes (2018)

In this article, work done by several researchers with respect to predictive models, three phase flow regimes and methods of identifying flow regimes were reviewed. Additionally, effects of water cut and fluid velocities on pressure drop, liquid holdup and flow regimes were also discussed. The three phases under investigation by the researchers were gas, oil and water flowing through horizontal, vertical or inclined pipes. The models reviewed were developed to anticipate liquid phase heights and pressure drop. The multi-fluid and drift-flux methods that can be applied to model the flow, were reviewed. The two main categories for the flow regimes identified were the oil-based and water-based flow patterns, where the water-based flow patterns would occur upon phase inversion. Conductance, algorithm and network mapping methods of identifying flow patterns were also reviewed. Additionally, it was seen that pressure gradients increased with superificial gas and liquid velocities and water cut had varying impacts on flow pattern transitions. Work done on the effects of temperature and pipe diameter were briefly explored. Furthermore, measurement of fluid flows, ways to measure flows and methods to detect the type of flow and simulate them were briefly investigated.
Central Actions of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor on Autonomic Nervous Activity and Cardiovascular Functioning (2007)

The physiological role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in mediating stress-induced activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, together with the neuroanatomical distribution of immunoreactive CRF and CRF receptors, provides a compelling rationale for investigating actions of CRF within the central nervous system (CNS) on autonomic nervous outflow and cardiovascular function. Evidence is reviewed showing that CRF acts within the CNS to elicit stress-like patterns of autonomic nervous outflow and cardiovascular changes in conscious animals. In addition, blockade of CRF-mediated neurotransmission is demonstrated to alter the expression of stress-induced autonomic nervous and cardiovascular responses. Together, the anatomical, pharmacological and physiological data support the hypothesis that the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular responses to selected stressful stimuli may be mediated in part by CRF-containing neuronal pathways.
Skeletal toxicity with isotretinoin therapy: a clinico-radiological evaluation (1988)

Skeletal toxicity is known to occur with high doses of isotretinoin (greater than 2 mg/kg/day). We have attempted to evaluate the clinical significance and document the extent of musculoskeletal toxicity associated with a relatively low dose of isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day) used in the treatment of severe acne. Radiographs of 120 patients were examined. Twelve per cent showed minor changes (four patients had spinal hyperostoses and 10 had calcaneal hyperostoses). None of the musculoskeletal changes we observed was clinically significant. Comparison with matched control X-rays showed 8% of the controls to have similar non-significant changes. Follow-up of 11 of the patients with abnormal X-rays showed minor deterioration in one patient, no change in four and improvement in six. Thus, doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin in such patients did not produce any significant long-term musculoskeletal changes. With increasing use of this beneficial drug in acne, radiologists and dermatologists should be aware of its skeletal toxicity.
Methods of traffic flow measurement using spatio-temporal image (2003)

Traffic flow measurement sensors, which measure vehicle velocity and detect traffic accidents, traffic congestion and so on using image processing, have been installed. For the sensors we utilized spatio-temporal images, which are used to process sequential images; as a recognition method for vehicles, we developed Directional-Temporal plane Transform (DTT) which transforms spatio-temporal image to 2-D data onto a directional-temporal plane. The rear-end-collision prevention system using this method decreased accidents to 1/3 as compared to the last few years before installation at a place on a national highway where many rear-end collisions had occurred. However, in the case where cameras are set up at low positions such as in tunnels, it is difficult to measure vehicle velocity in heavy traffic conditions because one vehicle often blocks the view of another in the images. To overcome this drawback, we propose a method for measurement of velocity for a group of vehicles by way of measuring moving time of the group by matching patterns, of DTT data at several points. We describe DTT-including its application-and the method for measurement of velocity for a group of vehicles, and then show the experimental results using road images.
Teilifís na Gaeilge as a Public Sphere (1998)

This paper employs the Irish language media to argue for a normative ideal of public access using the concept 'public sphere'. Public sphere as an ideal type contains a democratic potential which allows for universal participation in the formation of public opinion. Two problems exist with the public sphere as a concept in so far as the ideal does not correspond to the reality. On the one hand, it can be argued that the market dominates the public sphere and hampers the democratic, spontaneous and autonomous formation of public opinion. On the other, it can also be argued that the individual is a consumer, resulting in a citizenry which fails to engage in rational critical discourse which is central to democracy.
Study of Si Nanowires Growth by CVD-VLS and Physical Properties (2009)

Abstract not Available.