gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Word Embeddings for Practical Information Retrieval (2017)

We assess the suitability of word embeddings for practical information retrieval scenarios. Thus, we assume that users issue ad-hoc short queries where we return the first twenty retrieved documents after applying a boolean matching operation between the query and the documents. We compare the performance of several techniques that leverage word embeddings in the retrieval models to compute the similarity between the query and the documents, namely word centroid similarity, paragraph vectors, Word Mover’s distance, as well as our novel inverse document frequency (IDF) re-weighted word centroid similarity. We evaluate the performance using the ranking metrics mean average precision, mean reciprocal rank, and normalized discounted cumulative gain. Additionally, we inspect the retrieval models’ sensitivity to document length by using either only the title or the full-text of the documents for the retrieval task. We conclude that word centroid similarity is the best competitor to state-of-the-art retrieval models. It can be further improved by re-weighting the word frequencies with IDF before aggregating the respective word vectors of the embedding. The proposed cosine similarity of IDF re-weighted word vectors is competitive to the TF-IDF baseline and even outperforms it in case of the news domain with a relative percentage of 15%.
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds: A Modern Comprehensive Treatise. (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retrieval of inhomogeneous targets from experimental frequency diversity data (2005)

The present paper deals with the reconstruction of two-dimensional permittivity and conductivity distributions from experimental multiple-frequency data. Three new iterative inverse schemes are described and compared. A frequency-weighted cost functional is introduced and minimizing this cost function rather than a standard one lead to a robust and accurate inverse algorithm. In addition, none of the three schemes uses a regularization procedure.
A Format for Digital Television Tape Recording (1981)

It has often been the case in the past, when people talk about digital video tape recorders, that they concentrate their attention on the problems of high bit rates and packing densities, on the niceties of idfferent channel coding and have completely forgotten probably the most important carrier of infomation, the sound channel.
Synthesis of Complementary Strands of Heterologous RNAs with Qβ Replicase (1974)

Qbeta replicase, in the presence of Mn(++), can use various RNAs as templates for synthesis of full-length RNA products and can also use Qbeta plus-strand RNA as template in the absence of host factors.
On independent color space transformations for the compression of CMYK images (1999)

Device and image-independent color space transformations for the compression of CMYK images were studied. A new transformation (to a YYCC color space) was developed and compared to known ones. Several tests were conducted leading to interesting conclusions. Among them, color transformations are not always advantageous over independent compression of CMYK color planes. Another interesting conclusion is that chrominance subsampling is rarely advantageous in this context. Also, it is shown that transformation to YYCC consistently outperforms the transformation to YCbCrK, while being competitive with the image-dependent KLT-based approach.
Development of experimental methods in electroseismics (2003)

The electroseismic method offers the possibility of imaging thin (much smaller than the seismic wavelength) layers in the subsurface. We have collected electroseismic data in the field using a standard seismograph outfitted with electrode pairs rather than geophones, and a sledge hammer and other seismic sources. Removal of coherent source-generated noise is an essential step in the processing of electroseismic data. We accomplish this signal/noise separation using prediction-error filters (PEF’s) in an iterative inversion scheme. Using these methods, we image a shallow known target in a controlled setting.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) supplementation stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats via the mTOR pathway (2011)

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) supplementation is used to treat cancer, sepsis and exercise-induced muscle damage. However, its effects on animal and human health and the consequences of this treatment in other tissues (e.g., fat and liver) have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HMβ supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the expression of proteins involved in insulin signalling. Rats were treated with HMβ (320 mg/kg body weight) or saline for one month. The skeletal muscle hypertrophy and insulin signalling were evaluated by western blotting, and hormonal concentrations were evaluated using ELISAs. HMβ supplementation induced muscle hypertrophy in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and increased serum insulin levels, the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylation of p70S6K in the EDL muscle. Expression of the insulin receptor was increased only in liver. Thus, our results suggest that HMβ supplementation can be used to increase muscle mass without adverse health effects.
An explorative analysis of pedestrian situation awareness at rail level crossings (2015)

Pedestrian safety at rail level crossings (RLXs) is a concern for governments and the community. There is sparse published literature, however, that has investigated pedestrian situation awareness when negotiating RLXs. This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study of pedestrian situation awareness at RLXs. Fifteen participants took part in a naturalistic study in which participants walked a pre-defined route in one of three urban environments, each of which incorporated two RLXs. Whilst walking the route participants wore video recording glasses and provided 'think aloud' verbal protocols describing the cognitive processes and decision making underpinning their behaviour. Analysis of the verbal protocols provided during the approach and traversal of the RLX was conducted using content analysis software as well as through manual analysis of the data. The analysis identified that pedestrian situation awareness was most commonly underpinned by concepts such as the 'railway crossing', the 'train' and other 'pedestrians'. Interestingly, concepts such as 'bells', 'flashing lights' and the ‘pedestrian gate' were not prominent. This may reflect that most participants did not encounter the RLX when a train was approaching. However, concepts around checking for the train were prominent suggesting that many pedestrians may not simply rely on automatic warnings, but use their own judgement to make a decision about when it is safe to cross a RLX. Further findings, implications for RLX design, limitations and future research directions will be discussed.
Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the differentiation of clonal HD‐11EM cells into osteoclast‐like cells (1998)

The present study uses the osteoclast precursor clonal line, HD-11EM, to study the potential of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mediating the differentiation of HD-11EM into osteoclast-like cells. HD-11EM cells are a newly established clonal cell line that, in response to 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3, differentiate into osteoclast-like cells that are multinucleated (more than three nuclei), express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and excavate resorption pits when cultured on dentin slices in the presence of osteoblasts (Hsia et al., 1995, J. Bone Miner. Res., 10(Suppl 1):S424; Hsia, and Hauschka, 1997, unpublished data). Here we demonstrate that HD-11EM express the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase specific cytochrome b558 subunits, and that stimulation of HD-11EM with 1 or 10 nM 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 increases the extracellular release of H2O2 within 5-10 min. Ours is the first report that stimulation of a cell with 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 enhances the activation of NADPH-oxidase and increases the basal release of superoxide and the formation of its dismutation product, H2O2. To determine the possible involvement of H2O2 in the differentiation of HD-11EM, these cells were exposed to glucose/glucose oxidase. This enzyme system was used to deliver a pure and continuous source of H2O2 in nanomole amounts consistent with quantities produced by HD-11EM in response to 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Both 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and the exogenously generated H2O2 stimulated a dose- and time-dependent increase in TRAP activity/cell and the number of multinucleated cells 24-48 hr after treatment. Northern analysis confirmed an increase in expression of TRAP mRNA in response to either 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 or H2O2. Decreases in cell proliferation and v-myc mRNA were also observed in response to these agents. Taken together, our findings indicate that production of H2O2 by HD-11EM is an important local factor involved in differentiation of HD-11EM into osteoclast-like cells, and suggest that H2O2 may play a role in native osteoclast differentiation.
Structure and thermoelectric properties of the quaternary compound Cs <sub>2</sub> [PdCl <sub>4</sub> ]I <sub>2</sub> with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (2016)

We study the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Cs2 [PdCl4 ]I2 with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity using first-principles calculations and the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The coexistence of several ionic and covalent bonds in Cs2 [PdCl4 ]I2 indicates a similar Zintl phase crystal structure. Cs2 [PdCl4 ]I2 is an indirect-band semiconductor with high density of states near the valence band maximum, which leads to high Seebeck coefficients even at high carrier concentrations. The calculated transport properties of p-type Cs2 [PdCl4 ]I2 are higher than that of the known high-performance thermoelectric material CuGaTe2 . The combination of good transport properties and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity suggests that Cs2 [PdCl4 ]I2 can be a promising p-type thermoelectric material.
Análisis de Gestion Tecnológica en Centros de Investigación (2012)

La existencia de los laboratorios tecnologicos y su importancia en muchos paises es reconocida, al ser centros que integran las mejores tecnologías disponibles de diversas profesiones y disciplinas que las universidades y centros de investigación prestan o ponen al servicio de la sociedad. Pero más que laboratorios que ofrecen esa tecnología de punta a esas disciplinas, son centros que desarrollan conocimiento, teniendo como resultado inmediato nuevas soluciones, diseños a las problematicas que hoy como humanidad tenemos y el desarrollo de productos que el mercado ésta demandando donde se tiene oportunidad de comercializar nuevos productos.
On-site data evolution for a 5ESS® switch retrofit (2002)

The 5ESS® switch uses a process called retrofit to migrate from one software release to the next. This process allows a smooth changeover with minimal service interruption. Traditionally, the office-dependent database (ODD) being “evolved” during this process is sent to an off-site location for processing, checked for correctness, and converted to the format required by the new software release. The updated ODD is then returned to the site, to be loaded during the retrofit. During this time (called a “freeze” period), changes on the ODD have to be limited. For some customers of Lucent Technologies, this limitation has become a problem. Customers are also reluctant to let proprietary data leave their own organization. To address these problems, the 5ESS-2000 Product Realization Center has developed a plan to change the off-site ODD evolution method to an on-switch procedure. This will shorten the “freeze” period dramatically and eliminate the need to send data outside the office. To carry out this change, the ODD can now be checked for correctness using Population Rule Language, version 5 (PRL5), a new structured language that describes the office data population. In 1999, when all components of the development plan are integrated into the 5ESS switch architecture, it will be possible to perform a 5ESS switch retrofit completely at the switch site.
Evaluating the Physiological Performance of a Liquid Cooling Garment Used to Control Heat Stress in Hazmat Protective Ensembles (2005)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of a liquid cooling garment in controlling heat stress in individuals wearing Hazmat protective ensembles. Five heat-acclimated male subjects completed three trials each: standard work clothing (WC), Hazmat suit (H), and a Hazmat suit with torso cooling (HC). All testing took place in an environmental chamber (35°C and 50 % relative humidity) with subjects walking on a treadmill at a metabolic rate of 300 W. Trials were performed until subjects completed the maximum 90 min, achieved the predetermined endpoints in core temperature (38.5°C) or heart rate (95 % of age predicted maximum), or symptoms of fatigue, disorientation, and discomfort forced the participant to discontinue or the researchers to end the test. A significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between HC and H was found in final heart rate and core temperature (Tre), rate of change in heart rate and Tre, and exposure time. As well, HC was similar to WC in all measured physiological variables. It was concluded that a liquid cooling vest was beneficial in alleviating the heat stress caused by Hazmat protective ensembles.
Preliminary results using computerized telediaphanography for investigating breast disease. (1987)

An instrument (telediaphanograph) for examination of the female breast has been developed which is optically based and carries no risk to the patient. Malignant lesions, which are strongly light absorbing, can be visualized by dark shadows cast on the superior aspect of the breast. The discriminating ability of telediaphanography for carcinoma has been investigated in relation to 129 patients with suspected breast disease. The sensitivity was found to be 0.94 and the specificity 0.89.
Proxy Discrimination: The Misuse of Government Actors as Proxies to Racially Discriminate Against People of Color (2020)

II. Misusing government actors as proxies against people of color A. Misusing law enforcement against Blacks in their everyday lives B. Misusing law enforcement against Arabs and Muslims in the War on Terror C. Misusing law enforcement against the Latinx community in the War on Immigrants D. Misusing law enforcement against communities of color in the War on Drugs E. Misusing the prison system to incarcerate people of color F. Misusing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) against taxpayers of color G. Misusing the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) against farmers of color H. Misusing child service agencies against Native American families I. Misusing child service agencies against Black families III.Particular problems of government racial discrimination IV.Addressing government racial discrimination A. Creating government Equality Commissions 1. Purpose and authority 2. Focus on racial discrimination a.A history of racial discrimination creating current disadvantages b.Racial discrimination continues to be disregarded c.Benefits of focusing on racial discrimination 3. Simple complaint process 4. Strategic and proactive B. Leverage private actors such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) V. Conclusion
Studies on the nutrition of rice cell culture I. A simple, defined medium for rapid growth in suspension culture (1973)

We investigated the nutrient requirements of rice in liquid culture and developed a revised medium of mineral salts, sucrose, thiamine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The following major nutrients at the indicated concentrations were beneficial: NO3-N (40 mM), NH4-N (5.0 mM), P (2.0 mM) and K (40 mM). Cobalt, iodine, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid and m-inositol were not essential and were excluded from the revised R-2 medium. Growth was better with ammonium and nitrate together than with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Cell growth in the R-2 medium was superior to that obtained in B5, Heller, Murashige-Skoog and White media.
Ultimate Single-Carrier Recovery for Coherent Detection (2011)

Proposed adaptive decision-feedback CR method is “ultimate” in the sense that it is ML/MMSE optimal (its performance cannot ever be exceeded) while its complexity vs. the number of taps, L, is lowest O(L) order possible.
Chip based single cell analysis for nanotoxicity assessment (2014)

Nanomaterials, because of their tunable properties and performances, have been utilized extensively in everyday life related consumable products and technology. On exposure, beyond the physiological range, nanomaterials cause health risks via affecting the function of organisms, genomic systems, and even the central nervous system. Thus, new analytical approaches for nanotoxicity assessment to verify the feasibility of nanomaterials for future use are in demand. The conventional analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometric assay-based techniques, usually require a lengthy and time-consuming process and often produce false positives, and often cannot be implemented at a single cell level measurement for studying cell behavior without interference from its surrounding environment. Hence, there is a demand for a precise, accurate, sensitive assessment for toxicity using single cells. Recently, due to the advantages of automation of fluids and minimization of human errors, the integration of a cell-on-a-chip (CoC) with a microfluidic system is in practice for nanotoxicity assessments. This review explains nanotoxicity and its assessment approaches with advantages/limitations and new approaches to overcome the confines of traditional techniques. Recent advances in nanotoxicity assessment using a CoC integrated with a microfluidic system are also discussed in this review, which may be of use for nanotoxicity assessment and diagnostics.
Characterization of diverse primary herpes simplex virus type 1 gB-specific cytotoxic T-cell response showing a preferential V beta bias (1995)

The glycoprotein B (gB) from herpes simplex virus type I is a major target of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in C57BL/6 mice. The majority of these T cells are directed to a single Kb-restricted determinant, gB498-505. We have analyzed the T-cell receptor (TCR) usage in gB-specific CTL lines derived shortly after virus infection. The CTL populations preferentially used two V beta regions, a dominant V beta 10 element and a subdominant V beta 8 element. Detailed sequence analysis revealed considerable TCR beta-chain heterogeneity despite a striking level of predicted amino acid conservation at the V beta-D beta junction. This junction forms part of the third hypervariable loop of the TCR thought to directly contact the major histocompatibility complex-bound antigenic peptide. The results reveal considerable diversity within the primary T cells responding to a single viral determinant while still maintaining a high degree of TCR V beta bias and sequence conservation at the V-D-J junction.
Secretory antibody response of the cervix to infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (1979)

Cervical secretions from 157 women were examined for antibody against Neisseria gonorrhoeae by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Antigonococcal antibody was detected in 73 (97%) of 75 infected women, being of the IgG class in 73 (97%), of the IgA class in 71 (95%), and of the IgM class in 29 (39%). IgM antibody was nearly always associated with infections of less than 15 days' duration. Immunoglobulin G, reactive with N. gonorrhoeae, was found in 23 (33%) of 70 non-infected women; of these, 19 had non-gonococcal cervicitis. Neither IgA nor IgM antibodies were detected in these women. Antigonoccal IgA and IgG was found in each of 12 women who had no evidence of infection but were contacts of infected men. Successful treatment resulted in a rapid decline in IgA antibody activity but a more gradual decrease in IgG reactivity.
Optical Properties of Hetero-Epitaxial CdS Films (1974)

CdS layers were grown on (111) "Ga-face" of GaAs by the close-spaced technique. Optical transmittance and photoluminescent properties of the epitaxial films were examined. Absorption edge shifted to the higher energy side, because of Moss-Burstein shift, as the substrate temperature was raised. Associate of Ga donor and Cd vacancy was introduced into the films grown at higher substrate temperatures and it affected the optical properties. In the photoluminescent experiment, B, A, I2, X, HT1 and HT2 emission lines were observed at 77 K. When the film was degenerated, high temperature series emission shifted from HT1 (5140Å) to HT2 (5100Å). I2 line was observed in all of the samples, and shifted to the higher energy side as the carrier concentration in the films increased above 2×1018cm-3. Rather intense I2 emission was observed at room temperature in the nearly degenerated films.
Influence of surface roughness on the cross-flow around a circular cylinder (1971)

The influence of surface roughness on the cross-flow around a circular cylinder is the subject of the present experimental work. The investigations were carried out in a high-pressure wind tunnel, thus high Reynolds numbers up to Re = 3 × 10 6 could be obtained. Local pressure and skin friction distributions were measured. These quantities were evaluated to determine the total drag coefficient and the percentage of friction as functions of Reynolds number and roughness parameter. In addition the local skin friction distribution yields the angular position of boundary-layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow and the location of boundary-layer separation.
Laser-induced phonon amplification in a single-walled nanotube (2005)

In this work, we present a phonon amplification effect occurring in a single-walled nanotube in the presence of a laser field. We calculate the rate of change of the phonon population and obtain the field strength threshold for achieving the phonon amplification. The optical phonon population is seen to increase nonlinearly provided the phonon growth rate is greater than the phonon loss. We find that the intense laser field can open a window of generating phonon amplification in the one-dimensional wave vector space parallel to the tube axis.