gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of the R77C α‐sarcoglycan gene mutation in finnish LGMD2D patients (2004)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2D (LGMD2D) is caused by mutations in the alpha-sarcoglycan gene (SGCA). The most frequently reported mutation, 229CGC>TGC (R77C) in exon 3 of SGCA, results in the substitution of arginine by cysteine. We present here the clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic data of 11 Finnish patients with LGMD2D caused by mutations in SGCA. Mutational analysis showed 10 patients homozygous and 1 compound heterozygous for R77C. A wide spectrum of SGCA mutations has been reported previously. Our results show an enrichment of R77C in Finland, further underlined by the observed carrier frequency of 1 per 150. According to the annual birth rate of approximately 60,000 in Finland, one LGMD2D patient with a homozygous mutation is expected to be born every 1 or 2 years on average. The presence of an ancient founder mutation is indicated by the fact that all patients shared a short common haplotype extending > or = 790 kilobases. Our results emphasize the need to include the SGCA gene R77C mutation test in routine DNA analyses of severe dystrophinopathy-like muscular dystrophies in Finland, and suggest that the applicability of this test in other populations should be studied as well.
Measurement of adhesion by a blister method (1961)

Abstract An instrument for the measurement of the adhesion of organic coatings has been developed. It is based on the formation of a blister by injecting a liquid (generally mercury) under pressure between the coating and the substrate. The work of detachment, i.e., the energy needed to detach 1 cm. 2 of coating, is determined by recording the liquid pressure as a function of the injected volume and computing the area under this curve. Extraneous factors such as deformation of the film and compressibility of the liquid are eliminated through a blank run. The design and operation of the instrument are described, an evaluation of its performance and limitations is given, and examples of its application are presented. The method should be useful for accurate measurement of adhesion of many types of surface coatings to metal and, possibly, to other substrates, as well as for studies of the various factors that influence adhesion.
An adaptive stacked hourglass network with Kalman filter for estimating <scp>2D</scp> human pose in video (2020)

Abstract One of the main challenges in computer science and image processing is 2D human pose estimation. Specifically, occlusion and in particular occlusion of human joints caused by camera angle are of paramount importance. In this paper, a new highly accurate network was proposed that can estimate 2D human poses in video images using deep learning. We employ the Single Shot MultiBox Detector network to detect the centre position of each human within a video frame and then use the stacked hourglass network to estimate the 2D human pose. We approximate the human motion as a linear motion between different frames in a certain period; and optimize the human centres based on the local outlier factor and Kalman filters. The same method is applied to optimize the human pose estimations in video, which can address the inaccurate prediction caused by human joints occlusion. The proposed adaptive network is tested using the two well‐known benchmarks for human pose estimation (MPII and Joint‐annotated Human Motion Data Base datasets), and we also generate some 2D human pose estimating qualitative results of single and multiple people in Internet videos. The experimental results show that the proposed network has strong practicability and can achieve high accuracy on adaptive estimating the 2D human pose in video.
The implementation challenge of pricing decision support systems for retail managers (2005)

Abstract There has been an explosion in the availability of data and computing ability in retail management that has led to a new desire on the part of managers to implement demand based management. Demand based management uses statistical models to predict consumer price response using historical information. These models can be used to construct pricing decision support systems for retail managers. Currently, many firms have begun offering software to perform price optimization. This article considers how recent advances in academic research can contribute to the implementation of these systems, and in turn consider the new questions likely to be posed by the developers and users of these new systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytosine Arabinoside Influx and Nucleoside Transport Sites in Acute Leukemia (1982)

Although cytosine arabinoside (araC) can induce a remission in a majority of patients presenting with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), a minority fail to respond and moreover the drug has less effect in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The carrier-mediated influx of araC into purified blasts from patients with AML, ALL, and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) has been compared to that of normal lymphocytes and polymorphs. Blasts showed a larger mediated influx of araC than mature cells, since mean influxes for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts were 6- and 2.3-fold greater than polymorphs and lymphocytes, respectively. Also, the mean influx for myeloblasts was fourfold greater than the mean for lymphoblasts. The number of nucleoside transport sites was estimated for each cell type by measuring the equilibrium binding of [(3)H]nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), which inhibits nucleoside fluxes by binding with high affinity to specific sites on the transport mechanism. The mean binding site numbers for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts were 5- and 2.8-fold greater, respectively, than for the mature cells of the same maturation series. The mean number of NBMPR binding sites for myeloblasts was fourfold greater than for lymphoblasts. Patients with AUL were heterogeneous since blasts from some gave values within the myeloblastic range and others within the lymphoblastic range. The araC influx correlated closely with the number of NBMPR binding sites measured in the same cells on the same day. Transport parameters were measured on blasts from 15 patients with AML or AUL who were then treated with standard induction therapy containing araC. Eight patients entered complete remission, while seven failed therapy, among whom were the three patients with the lowest araC influx (<0.4 pmol/10(7) cells per min) and NBMPR binding (<3,000 sites/cell) for the treated group. In summary, myeloblasts have both higher araC transport rates and more nucleoside transport sites than lymphoblasts and this factor may contribute to the greater sensitivity of AML to this drug. AraC transport varied >10-fold between leukemic blasts and normal leukocytes, but transport capacity related directly to the number of nucleoside transport sites on the cell. Finally, low araC transport rates or few NBMPR binding sites on blasts were observed in a subset of patients with acute leukemia who failed to achieve remission with drug combinations containing araC.
Gadolinium Chelate Contrast Material in Pregnancy: Fetal Biodistribution in the Nonhuman Primate (2015)

Amounts of gadolinium chelate in the fetal tissues and amniotic fluid were minimal compared with the maternal ID. This may impact future clinical studies on the safety of gadolinium contrast agent use in pregnancy.
Stacked generalization: when does it work? (1997)

Stacked generalization is a general method of using a high-level model to combine lower-level models to achieve greater predictive accuracy. In this paper we resolve two crucial issues which have been considered to be a ‘black art’ in classification tasks ever since the introduction of stacked generalization in 1992 by Wolpert: the type of generalizer that is suitable to derive the higher-level model, and the kind of attributes that should be used as its input. \nWe demonstrate the effectiveness of stacked generalization for combining three different types of learning algorithms, and also for combining models of the same type derived from a single learning algorithm in a multiple-data-batches scenario. We also compare the performance of stacked generalization with published results of arcing and bagging.
Challenges in medical care, education and support of children with hearing loss (2013)

要旨: 難聴児の療育と支援の問題点を調査し, 療育を充実させるための今後の課題を検討した。対象は2011年4月から2012年4月までに山口大学医学部附属病院耳鼻咽喉科を療育, または, 難聴の経過観察のために受診した難聴児のうち, 聴取能と言語発達の評価が可能であった20名とした。対象児の療育上の問題点には, 難聴発見の遅れ, 受診や補聴器装用に関わる保護者の対応の問題, 療育経過中の難聴の進行があった。また, WISC-IV知能診断検査では, 言語理解指標の合成得点が80未満の児が5名, 言語理解指標の合成得点は80以上だが知覚推理指標の合成得点に比べると有意に低い児が5名認められた。これらの10名は学齢期の児であり, 言語発達の遅れは学校生活全般に支障をきたすと考えられるため, 就学後も定期的に言語指導を行うことが重要であると考えられる。
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension (2013)

The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) follow the guidelines jointly issued by the two societies in 2003 and 2007 [1,2]. Publication of a new document 6 years after the previous one was felt to be timely because, over this period, important studies have been conducted and many new results\nhave been published on both the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with an elevated blood pressure (BP), making refinements, modifications and expansion of the previous recommendations necessary.
Perspective on allogeneic melanoma lysates in active specific immunotherapy. (1998)

We have tested allogeneic melanoma cell lysates as active immunotherapy, originally in stage IV patients to determine their safety and immunologic effectiveness. Surprisingly, phase I and II trials with frozen lysates showed a 20% objective response rate, with 8% long-term survivors. Melacine (Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Hamilton, MT), a lyophilized preparation from the same two cell lines, has been tested nationally and has caused regressions in approximately 10% of patients. Long-term stabilization of disease was noted in 10% to 20% of patients in all trials. A multicenter phase III comparison of low-dose cyclophosphamide plus Melacine versus four-drug chemotherapy showed no difference in response rates and survival, with fewer and milder side effects due to Melacine. In our single-arm trial in resected stage III disease, the overall survival rate (66-month median follow-up) is 66%, with a median relapse-free survival time of 36 months. Interferon-alfa 2b (IFN-alpha) given to patients failing to respond to Melacine elicited major objective responses in a larger proportion than anticipated with IFN-alpha alone. These results stimulated current multicenter trials in stage IV and resected stage III melanoma of Melacine and IFN-alpha in combination versus IFN-alpha alone. Of scientific note were (I) identification of a new melanoma antigen from a gene (MG50) isolated from one of the immunizing cell lines, and (2) demonstration that a new melanoma arising in 1995 in a long-term survivor was immunologically and genetically distinct from her original 1986 tumor. While it is important to define which epitopes are involved, multiepitopic (polyvalent) mixtures have established the therapeutic effect of melanoma vaccines.
Iron-Ascorbate-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation Causes Epigenetic Changes in the Antioxidant Defense in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Impact on Inflammation (2013)

Redox and inflammatory modifications in response to Fe/Asc -mediated lipid peroxidation may implicate epigenetic methylation.
Autoantibodies directed to novel components of the PM/Scl complex, the human exosome (2001)

The autoantigenic polymyositis/scleroderma (PM/Scl) complex was recently shown to be the human homologue of the yeast exosome, which is an RNA-processing complex. Our aim was to assess whether, in addition to targeting the known autoantigens PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75, autoantibodies also target recently identified components of the PM/Scl complex. The prevalence of autoantibodies directed to six novel human exosome components (hRrp4p, hRrp40p, hRrp41p, hRrp42p, hRrp46p, hCsl4p) was determined in sera from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (n = 48), scleroderma (n = 11), or the PM/Scl overlap syndrome (n = 10). The sera were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting using the affinity-purified recombinant proteins. Our results show that each human exosome component is recognized by autoantibodies. The hRrp4p and hRrp42p components were most frequently targeted. The presence of autoantibodies directed to the novel components of the human exosome was correlated with the presence of the anti-PM/Scl-100 autoantibody in the sera of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), as was previously found for the anti-PM/Scl-75 autoantibody. Other clear associations between autoantibody activities were not found. These results further support the conception that the autoimmune response may initially be directed to PM/Scl-100, whereas intermolecular epitope spreading may have caused the autoantibody response directed to the associated components.
Continuous velocity logging (1952)

Abstract A method for obtaining a continuous well log of formation acoustic compressional velocity is described. The instrument is composed of an acoustic pulse generator separated from a receiver by a five-foot acoustic insulator. Means are provided for generating an acoustic pulse and automatically selecting and recording the first-break travel time as detected by the receiver. The instrument has a range of 5,000 to 25,000 feet per second and an accuracy better than 5 percent. The log is taken in a conventional well logging manner at speeds of 100 to 150 feet per minute. Typical logs are illustrated along with their probable correlation to seismic reflection horizons and lithology in the borehole.
Agent-based grid load balancing using performance-driven task scheduling (2004)

Load balancing is a key concern when developing parallel and distributed computing applications. The emergence of computational grids extends this problem, where issues of cross-domain and large-scale scheduling must also be considered. In this paper an agent-based grid management infrastructure is coupled with a performance-driven task scheduler that has been developed for local grid load balancing. Each grid scheduler utilises predictive application performance data and an iterative heuristic algorithm to engineer local load balancing across multiple processing nodes. At a higher level, a hierarchy of homogeneous agents are used to represent multiple grid resources. Agents cooperate with each other to balance workload in the global grid environment using service advertisement and discovery mechanisms. A case study is included with corresponding experimental results to demonstrate that both local schedulers and agents contribute to overall grid load balancing, which significantly improves grid application execution performance and resource utilisation.
Growth and gain (2006)

Subtitle: AirTran and ExpressJet, logging 2005 profits, are headed in different directions in 2006.
8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a urinary biomarker of oxidative DNA damage (1993)

Living organisms are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species as a consequence of biochemical reactions as well as external factors. Oxidative DNA damage has been implicated in aging, carcinogenesis and other degenerative diseases. The urinary excretion of the DNA repair product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) has been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in humans in vivo. We have developed a three-dimensional HPLC analysis with electrochemical detection for the analysis of 8OHdG in urine and studied factors affecting the excretion of this biomarker in 83 healthy humans and in various laboratory animals, including dog, pig, and rat. Previously, other groups have used comparable HPLC methods or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring for measuring the excretion of 8OHdG in humans, rats, mice, and monkeys. In the 169 humans studied so far, the average 8OHdG excretion was 200-300 pmol/kg per 24 h with a sevenfold range, and the coefficient of variation was 30-40%. This excretion corresponds 140-200 oxidative modification of guanine bases per cell per day. Thirty-two smokers from our study population excreted 50% (31-69%; 95% confidence interval) more 8OHdG than 53 nonsmokers. This indicates a 50% increased rate of oxidative DNA damage from smoking, adding to the other well-known health hazards of smoking. The biochemical-physiological basis is unknown but may be related to smoke constituents including or generating reactive oxygen species and/or consuming antioxidants and/or the well-known enhancing effect of smoking on the metabolic rate. In our 83 healthy subjects the 8OHdG excretion correlated with body composition. Thus, lean and/or male subjects excreted more than obese and/or female subjects, possibly related to differences in metabolic rate. In accordance, the excretion of 8OHdG decreased after calorie restriction, which will cause a decline in the metabolic rate. Across the investigated species, humans, dogs, pigs, and rats, the excretion of 8OHdG correlated with the specific metabolic rate, confirming data from other groups on humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. The excretion of 8OHdG decreased with age in rats in parallel with the decline in metabolic rate with advancing age. The excretion of 8OHdG reflects the formation and repair of only one out of approximately 20 described oxidative DNA modifications. So far, methods are not available for the determination of the corresponding repair products, except 8OHdG and thymidine glycol, in urine. Moreover, the importance in terms of mutagenicity, particularly regarding tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes, is mainly documented for 8OHdG in DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Behavioral-level test vector generation for system-on-chip designs (2002)

Co-design tools represent an effective solution for reducing costs and shortening time-to-market, when system-on-chip design is considered. In a top-down design flow, designers would greatly benefit from the availability of tools able to automatically generate test sequences, which can be reused during the following design steps, from the system-level specification to the gate-level description. This would significantly increase the chance of identifying testability problems early in the design flow, thus reducing the costs and increasing the final product quality. The paper proposes an approach for integrating the ability to generate test sequences into an existing co-design tool. Preliminary experimental results are reported, assessing the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Structure Synthesis of 4-DOF (3-Translation and 1-Rotation) Parallel Robot Mechanisms Based on the Units of Single-Opened-Chain (2001)

Abstract Based on the units of single-opened-chain limb, some topological characteristics of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms are revealed, and a systematic and effective new method for structure synthesis of 4-DOF (3-translation and 1-rotation) parallel robot mechanism is put forward in this paper. 50 new mechanisms are synthesized and classified. The method proposed in this paper is of universal significance and has been used for the structure synthesis of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms with other kinematics output types.
The cognitive impact of nutritional homocysteinemia in Apolipoprotein-E deficient mice (2006)

Homocysteinemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ranging from subtle cognitive decline to dementia. Homocysteine is generated from methionine as a product of biological methylation reactions and is disposed of through reactions that require folate and vitamins B12 and B6. While different disruptions in these reactions can result in homocysteinemia, it is unclear if they will also result in homocysteine-mediated cognitive dysfunction. Young ApoE-deficient mice were fed one of four diets with differing methionine and B-vitamin content for eight weeks, before undergoing psychomotor tests, the Morris Water Maze test of spatial memory and learning, and measurement of home-cage activity. B-vitamin deficiency induced homocysteinemia and selectively impaired Morris Water Maze performance without affecting other behavioral measures. The cognitive deficits occurred in the absence of overt histologic neurodegeneration but in association with moderate impairments of brain methylation potential. Diets that yielded cognitive deficits were different from those that exacerbated aortic pathology. These findings are inconsistent with a single mechanism linking homocysteinemia to neurological dysfunctions mediated by homocysteine vasotoxicity. Instead, they indicate that different "types" of homocysteinemia, or in other words different impairments of nutritional metabolism affecting homocysteine levels, may lead to different end organ dysfunctions and/or diseases.
Question and Answering System based on Predicate-Argument Matching. (2002)

This paper presents a Question and Answering system based on predicate-argument matching. Predicate-argument structures are utilized to capture more semantics in questions than a set of keywords. In addition to the predicate-argument matching, relation type matching is also used to handle expressions which are not mediated by verbs.
Fiscal dominance and financial development. The long-run Spanish case (2012)

Despite the theoretical agreement on the inflationary effects of persistent
deficits, empirical work did not provide compelling evidence of the link between budget
and money until the inclusion of non-developed countries in panel studies. This paper
proposes an alternative approach: to take advantage of history and exploit the changes
in development in a single country in the very long run, Spain from 1874 to 1998. As a
main result, the use of different econometric tools shows how, effectively, the causality
from fiscal to monetary variables changes over time. More importantly, as in previous
research, the intensity of the link matches perfectly with the different degree of Spain�s
institutional development, fiscal dominance holding until the easier access to foreign
markets that followed its entry into the European Community in 1985.