gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular and spiral diffraction gratings (1958)

Abstract The optical properties of gratings consisting of equally spaced concentric circles or spirals are considered and their image-forming properties are described. Expressions for the light intensity distribution in the images of a point source are derived. Examples of the use of such gratings for metrological and other purposes are indicated, together with the order of precision obtainable. The accuracy of construction of gratings for such purposes is very high, and methods for achieving this accuracy are described.
Making the fast case common and the uncommon case simple in unbounded transactional memory (2007)

Hardware transactional memory has great potential to simplify the creation ofcorrect and efficient multithreaded programs, allowing programmers to exploitmore effectively the soon-to-be-ubiquitous multi-core designs. Several recentproposals have extended the original bounded transactional memory to unboundedtransactional memory, a crucial step toward transactions becoming ageneral-purpose primitive. Unfortunately, supporting the concurrent executionof an unbounded number of unbounded transactions is challenging, and as aresult, many proposed implementations are complex.
A Rapid and Specific Assay for the Detection of MERS-CoV (2018)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel human coronavirus that can cause human respiratory disease. The development of a detection method for this virus that can lead to rapid and accurate diagnosis would be significant. In this study, we established a nucleic acid visualization technique that combines the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique and a vertical flow visualization strip (RT-LAMP-VF) to detect the N gene of MERS-CoV. The RT-LAMP-VF assay was performed in a constant temperature water bath for 30 min, and the result was visible by the naked eye within 5 min. The RT-LAMP-VF assay was capable of detecting 2 × 10<sup>1</sup> copies/μl of synthesized RNA transcript and 1 × 10<sup>1</sup> copies/μl of MERS-CoV RNA. The method exhibits no cross-reactivities with multiple CoVs including SARS-related (SARSr)-CoV, HKU4, HKU1, OC43 and 229E, and thus exhibits high specificity. Compared to the real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the RT-LAMP-VF assay is easy to handle, does not require expensive equipment and can rapidly complete detection within 35 min.
Spectrin and Related Molecule (1988)

This review begins with a complete discussion of the erythrocyte spectrin membrane skeleton. Particular attention is given to our current knowledge of the structure of the RBC spectrin molecule, its synthesis, assembly, and turnover, and its interactions with spectrin-binding proteins (ankyrin, protein 4.1, and actin). We then give a historical account of the discovery of nonerythroid spectrin. Since the chicken intestinal form of spectrin (TW260/240) and the brain form of spectrin (fodrin) are the best characterized of the nonerythroid spectrins, we compare these molecules to RBC spectrin. Studies establishing the existence of two brain spectrin isoforms are discussed, including a description of the location of these spectrin isoforms at the light- and electron-microscope level of resolution; a comparison of their structure and interactions with spectrin-binding proteins (ankyrin, actin, synapsin I, amelin, and calmodulin); a description of their expression during brain development; and hypotheses concerning their potential roles in axonal transport and synaptic transmission.
The design of a 14 GHz I/Q ring oscillator in 0.18 μm CMOS (2004)

This paper presents the design of a 14 GHz ring VCO with in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) outputs in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process. A four stage multiple-pass ring oscillator is coupled with frequency doublers for obtaining high frequencies. The VCO core uses delay stages with cross-coupled FETs to increase the switching speed and to improve the noise parameters. The proposed design has a tuning range of 8.5 to 14 GHz (49%), and exhibits -95.35 dBc/Hz phase noise (@ 1 MHz) at a center frequency of 12.7 GHz while consuming 146 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The results suggest that it is not always necessary to resort to integrated LC networks for 10+ GHz VCO/CCO modules but that cost and area effective ring designs may suffice.
Empirical recovery of argumentation learning progressions in scenario-based assessments of English language arts (2014)

We investigate methods for studying learning progressions in English language arts using data from scenario-based assessments. Particularly, our interest lies in the empirical recovery of learning progressions in argumentation for middle school students. We collected data on three parallel assessment forms that consist of scenario-based task sets with multiple item formats, where students randomly took two of the three assessments. We fitted several item response theory models, and used model-based measures to classify students into levels of the argumentation learning progression. Although there were some differences in difficulty between parallel tasks, good agreement was found among the classifications of the parallel forms. Overall, we managed to recover empirically the order of the levels in the argumentation learning progression as they were assigned to tasks of the assessments by the theoretical framework.
Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen as a Paradoxical Marker for Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Agents in Donated Blood (1986)

The relationship between the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in donor blood and the development of hepatitis in recipients of that blood was studied in 6293 blood donors and 481 recipients who were followed for 6 to 9 months after transfusion. Of 193 recipients of at least 1 unit of blood positive for anti-HBc, 23 (11.9%) developed non-A, non-B hepatitis compared with 12 (4.2%) of 288 recipients of only anti-HBc-negative blood (p less than 0.001). Donor anti-HBc status was not significantly associated with the development of hepatitis B in the recipient and was negatively associated with the development of cytomegalovirus hepatitis. The relationship of donor anti-HBc status and the development of non-A, non-B hepatitis in the recipient was independent of transfusion volume and elevated donor transaminase level. Although 88% of anti-HBc-positive blood units were not associated with recipient non-A, non-B hepatitis, calculation of maximal corrected efficacy predicted that exclusion of anti-HBc-positive donors might have prevented 43% of the cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis with a donor loss of 4%. Because of the serious chronic consequences of non-A, non-B hepatitis, surrogate tests for non-A, non-B virus carriers must be seriously considered.
In vitro and in vivo binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein and Sp1 transcription factor (1993)

Recent genetic experiments have suggested that tat transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat requires functional upstream enhancer sequences--Sp1 sites, in particular. In these experiments, HeLa cell nuclear extracts were passed over affinity matrices containing chemically synthesized or bacterially expressed HIV-1 Tat. Assay of material that bound to and eluted from the Tat matrices revealed the presence of the Sp1 transcription factor. Other transcription factors (Oct and NF-kappa B) also bound to Tat matrices but with less efficiency--in parallel with the lower capacities of these binding motifs to confer Tat responsiveness on a basal HIV-1 promoter compared with Sp1 sites. Passage of nuclear extracts over matrices containing other neutral proteins, including bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and lysozyme, revealed no or reduced binding. Cross-linking experiments indicated that the purified Sp1 and Tat proteins can form multimeric complexes in the absence of other proteins. The region of Tat responsible for Sp1 binding was localized to a region encompassing residues 30 to 62. Immunoprecipitation experiments with HIV-1-infected T lymphocytes indicated coimmunoprecipitation of Tat and Sp1. These experiments extend previous genetic experiments and suggest a direct interaction between Tat and Sp1 during transactivation.
Development of a compact underwater stereoscopic video camera (1997)

This paper describes the development of a compact underwater stereoscopic video camera. The camera was specifically developed for use on Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) which are operated extensively in the offshore oil and gas industry. The camera has been used at the oil and gas fields operated by Woodside Offshore Petroleum off the northwest coast of Western Australia. The camera is 11 cm in diameter, 24 cm long and weighs just under four kilograms. The camera housing contains a pair of miniature video cameras and an internal 3D multiplexer which generates the single video output signal (in the field-sequential 3D video format). Since the camera outputs a single video signal (although in 3D), it can be easily interfaced with an underwater ROV's existing video system. The 3D video signal is transmitted to the surface by a single video channel where it is viewed on a stereoscopic display installed in the ship-based control room. The camera provides several improvements over the first underwater stereoscopic video camera developed by the Centre in 1991. One of the notable improvements is the camera's reduced size, which offers a number of operational benefits. The optics of the camera have also been improved by using parallel camera axes to eliminate keystone distortion and depth plane curvature.
Virtual prototyping and manufacturing planning by using tri-dexel models and haptic force feedback (2005)

Abstract This paper presents a new method of using the tri-dexel volumetric models and a haptics force feedback for virtual prototyping and manufacturing planning. In the proposed method, the initial polyhedral surface model is converted to a tri-dexel volumetric model by using a depth-peeling dexelization algorithm. In the virtual prototyping process, the tri-dexel volumetric model is updated by the swept volume of a moving cutter via a haptic force feedback interface device. A collision detection algorithm is proposed for the virtual sculpting and the pencil-cut planning with real-time haptic force feedback to the users. Tool paths are generated for machining the virtual sculpted parts via the simulation and verification on a virtual CNC machine tool before they are actually machined. Computer implementation and practical examples are also presented in this paper. The proposed method enables the haptic-aided virtual prototyping and manufacturing planning of complex surface parts. Keywords: Virtual prototypingHaptics interfaceVirtual sculptingTri-dexel modelingCAD/CAMDepth-peeling dexelizationNC machining This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant (DMI-0300297) and the Army Research Office (Grant #W911NF-04-D-0003) to North Carolina State University. Their support is greatly appreciated.
Worldwide Survey of Published Procedures to Culture Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2010)

Since their derivation 11 years ago, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have become a powerful tool in both basic biomedical research and developmental biology. Their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into any tissue type has also brought interest from fields such as cell therapy and drug screening. We conducted an extensive analysis of 750 papers (51% of the total published about hES cells between 1998 and 2008) to present a spectrum of hES cell research including culture protocols developed worldwide. This review may stimulate discussions about the importance of having unvarying methods to culture hES cells, in order to facilitate comparisons among data obtained by research groups elsewhere, especially concerning preclinical studies. Moreover, the description of the most widely used cell lines, reagents, and procedures adopted internationally will help newcomers on deciding the best strategies for starting their own studies. Finally, the results will contribute with the efforts of stem cell researchers on comparing the performance of different aspects related to hES cell culture methods.
Behavior of Polyethylene Films in Soil (2016)

A true-to life experiment on the behaviour of polyethylene films in soil was carried out. Commercial middle density polyethylene (MDPE) film, MDPE films containing pro-oxidative additives and thermoplastic starch and a commercially available biodegradable film (Ecovio, BASF) have been buried in soil and monitored monthly for one year. Bags made out of the films were filled with and surrounded with brown forest soil and electrodes were put into the soil inside the bag and into the soil surrounding the bag. The soil served as capacitor. Degradation could be monitored weekly by measuring the capacity and conductivity of the soil without removing the bags from it. Visual, mechanical (Instron), structural (FTIR, ESR) and morphological (POM, SEM) changes in the films and the change in molecular mass were tested monthly. The polyethylene films suffered only some physical degradation and not biodegradation. Our life-like experiments suggest that biopacking will be the future of plastics waste disposal.
Remote execution of HAVi applications on Internet-enabled devices (2001)

HAVi is a home networking standard that links consumer electronics and computing devices in the home. The HAVi network is restricted to the IEEE 1394 physical layer, and this paper describes an approach for executing HAVi applications outside the IEEE 1394 layer from any Internet-enabled device such as a laptop or a Web pad. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated with a prototype implementation in which the entire HAVi Java API can be executed remotely. This approach enables applications such as remote monitoring with a home security camera or remote control of a VCR.
Osmotic Computing: A New Paradigm for Edge/Cloud Integration (2016)

Osmotic computing is a new paradigm to support the efficient execution of Internet of Things (IoT) services and applications at the network edge. This paradigm is founded on the need for a holistic distributed system abstraction enabling the deployment of lightweight microservices on resource-constrained IoT platforms at the network edge, coupled with more complex microservices running on large-scale datacenters. This paradigm is driven by the significant increase in resource capacity/capability at the network edge, along with support for data transfer protocols that enable such resources to interact more seamlessly with datacenter-based services. This installment of "Blue Skies" discusses osmotic computing features, challenges, and future directions.
Pressure Reactive Piston Technology Investigation and Development for Spark Ignition Engines (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method of improving Spark Ignition (SI) engine fuel economy. The Pressure Reactive Piston (PRP) assembly features a two-piece piston, with a piston crown and separate piston skirt which enclose a spring set between them. The unique feature is that the upper piston reacts to the cylinder pressure, accommodating rapid engine load changes passively. This mechanism effectively limits the peak pressures at high loads without an additional control device, while allowing the engine to operate at high compression ratio during low load conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Dynamometer engine testing showed that Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) improvement of the PRP over the conventional piston ranged from 8 to 18 % up to 70% load. Knock free full load operation was also achieved. The PRP equipped engine combustion is characterized by reverse motion of the piston crown near top dead center and higher thermal efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The cycle simulation was modified to investigate the effect of the spring set of PRP engine over a wide range of operation. In addition, the spherical flame interaction with the combustion chamber was newly modeled to calculate the flame entrainment rate of unburned charge. It was found that fuel conversion efficiency was gradually increased with spring preload until the spring could not be compressed any more and peak cylinder pressure was effectively maintained at the level of conventional engine at high loads. In addition, BSFC improvement of PRP engine over the conventional engine increased with engine speed. Overall, the full potential of PRP technology was evaluated and discussed favorably.</div>
AC/DC/AC Converter Modulation Strategy With Natural Zero sequence Rejection Using Only One Six-Switch Inverter Module (2007)

This paper reports an innovative power converter modulation strategy that converts energy from a poly-phase variable frequency source to a single-phase fixed frequency load using only one of the customary two six-switch bridge circuits characteristic of a dc link based power converter. To achieve this, a six-switch dc link CPRWM inverter is creatively modulated with two voltage components. The application is single- phase, fixed frequency power generation from a variable frequency wind energy conversion system, which uses an induction generator, a converter, and a zero sequence filter. Modulating the converter for a three-phase balanced positive sequence voltage component at the induction generator's optimum operating frequency transfers energy from the generator to the converter. At the same time, modulating the converter for a three-phase fixed frequency zero sequence voltage component transfers the energy from the converter to the load through a zero sequence filter. The two voltage components are separated by the ungrounded induction motor's natural rejection of zero sequence components and the zero sequence filter's natural rejection of positive sequence components. Unity power factor output is readily achieved. This paper presents operation, control, theoretical calculations, simulations, and experimental results that reveal important limitations of this energy conversion scheme with a single converter.
High Accuracy Signal/Noise Measurement of Microwave Power Amplifiers (1994)

To improve the repeatability and correlation of signal-to-noise ratio measurements of microwave power tubes between test sites, and between test sets at the same test site, a self-calibrating measurement technique has been developed. This technique results in an accuracy of better than 0.1 dB, and a repeatability primarily determined by the number of independent noise samples taken. Without calibration, errors of ±1.5 dB were typical in prior techniques. Accuracy was limited by vector demodulator errors (I/Q gain imbalance, quadrature phase error, and DC offsets) which had to be removed by a lengthy calibration procedure. The new procedure removes these errors by implementing an LO offset frequency technique, and digital signal processing of the video data. It also uses digital filters to create a precise noise bandwidth, and to significantly reduce the noise floor of the measurement. This new technique is being implemented in test stations at various sites, both government and industry. The improved accuracy results in far better agreement between tube vendors, equipment integrators and the final customer, leading to lower costs by increasing equipment acceptance.
High-power-factor electronic ballast with constant DC-link voltage (1998)

This paper presents a high-power-factor (HPF) electronic ballast based on a single power processing stage with constant DC-link voltage. The switching frequency is controlled to maintain the DC-link voltage and the voltage across the switches constant, independently of changes in the AC-input voltage. This control method assures zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for the specified AC-input-voltage range. Besides, with an appropriate design of the fluorescent lamps' drive circuit, the lamps' power can be kept close to the rated value. The power-factor-correction (PFC) stage is formed by a boost power converter operating in the discontinuous conduction mode, which naturally provides HPF to the utility line. The fluorescent lamps are driven by an unmodulated sine-wave current generated from an LC parallel resonant power converter which operates above the resonant frequency to perform ZVS. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented for two series-connected 40 W fluorescent lamps operating from 127 V -15% to +10% 60 Hz utility line. The switching frequency is changed from 25 to 45 kHz to maintain the DC-link voltage regulated at 410 V, which leads to a constant output power. The experimental results confirm the high efficiency and HPF of this electronic ballast.
Platelet-derived or soluble CD154 induces vascularized allograft rejection independent of cell-bound CD154 (2006)

CD154 is a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells that binds to CD40, an activating molecule on APCs. Its blockade has been shown to prevent allograft rejection, presumably by interrupting interactions between T cells and APCs. It is known that activated human platelets express and shed CD154 and can induce APC activation and other immune processes in vitro. Here we show that platelet-derived CD154 is sufficient to initiate cardiac allograft rejection independent of any cellular source of this molecule. CD154-KO mice reject cardiac allografts after receiving CD154-expressing human platelets or recombinant CD154 (rCD154) trimers. Treatment with the human CD154-specific mAb 5c8 specifically prevents this induced rejection. Soluble trimers, but not platelets, induce rejection when infused temporally remote from the surgical procedure, suggesting that surgically induced platelet activation is required for CD154 release. Allograft rejection can thus be instigated by activated platelets through CD154. These data implicate platelets as a proximal component of acquired alloimmunity, providing insight into the mechanisms of allograft rejection and the physiological response to trauma in general.
Adapting applications in handheld devices using fuzzy context information (2003)

Journal Article Adapting applications in handheld devices using fuzzy context information Get access Jani Mäntyjärvi, Jani Mäntyjärvi ∗ aVTT Electronics, Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1100, Oulu FIN-90571, Finland ∗Corresponding author Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tapio Seppänen Tapio Seppänen bUniversity of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 15, Issue 4, 1 August 2003, Pages 521–538, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(03)00038-9 Published: 01 August 2003