gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The activity of the androgen receptor variant AR‐V7 is regulated by FOXO1 in a PTEN‐PI3K‐AKT‐dependent way (2012)

Our study identifies a pathway regulating AR-V7 constitutive activity and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of castration-resistant PC.
Ulcerative Proctocolitis in Örebro, Sweden: A Retrospective Epidemiologic Study, 1963–1987 (1992)

In a retrospective epidemiologic study of the period 1963 to 1987 the annual incidence of definite ulcerative proctocolitis increased from 3.3 to 14.9/10(5), and during the last 10 years the mean incidence was 13.1/10(5) population. The incidence of extensive and total colitis was fairly stable, whereas an increase of ulcerative proctitis and distal colitis was seen. The increase in incidence is probably an artefact caused by better retrieval of cases in the latter part of the study. The prevalence on 31 December 1987 was 234/10(5) inhabitants. The male to female ratio was 1.59:1, compared with 0.96:1 in the general population. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years and increased almost 7 years by the end of the study, probably caused by an increased proportion of ex-smokers, who at diagnosis were, on average, 9 years older than lifetime non-smokers. The highest age- and sex-specific incidence was found in middle-aged men, who were ex-smokers to a significantly higher extent than women. No specific birth cohort was at an increased risk, and no second incidence peak in older age groups was seen.
Morphological differentiation and between the bulbar conjunctival lymphatics and blood capillaries with enzyme double staining (2007)

Purpose To evaluate the value of morphological diffentiation between bulbar conjunctival lymphatics and blood capillaries with 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase double enzyme staining method.Methods 5'-nueleotidase- alkaline phosphatase double enzyme staining were emplyed in whole-mount bulbar conjunctiva of rhesus monkey,pig and human eadaver eyes.The stained eonjunetiva were examined with light microscopy.Results All the conjunctiva stained were similar.The lymphatics were brown and the blood capillaries,blue.Conclusion 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase double enzyme staining can diffentiate the lymphatics from blood capillaries in rhesus monkey,pig and human conjunctiva.Based on the deep staining in rhesus monkey eye,it would be an ideal animal model in research of conjunctival lymphatic networks. (Chin J Ophthalmol and Otorhinolaryngol,2007,7:17-19)
The Structure of the Staphylococcus aureus Sortase-Substrate Complex Reveals How the Universally Conserved LPXTG Sorting Signal Is Recognized (2009)

In Gram-positive bacteria, sortase enzymes assemble surface proteins and pili in the cell wall envelope. Sortases catalyze a transpeptidation reaction that joins a highly conserved LPXTG sorting signal within their polypeptide substrate to the cell wall or to other pilin subunits. The molecular basis of transpeptidation and sorting signal recognition are not well understood, because the intermediates of catalysis are short lived. We have overcome this problem by synthesizing an analog of the LPXTG signal whose stable covalent complex with the enzyme mimics a key thioacyl catalytic intermediate. Here we report the solution structure and dynamics of its covalent complex with the Staphylococcus aureus SrtA sortase. In marked contrast to a previously reported crystal structure, we show that SrtA adaptively recognizes the LPXTG sorting signal by closing and immobilizing an active site loop. We have also used chemical shift mapping experiments to localize the binding site for the triglycine portion of lipid II, the second substrate to which surface proteins are attached. We propose a unified model of the transpeptidation reaction that explains the functions of key active site residues. Since the sortase-catalyzed anchoring reaction is required for the virulence of a number of bacterial pathogens, the results presented here may facilitate the development of new anti-infective agents.
Spectral response measurements of minority-carrier diffusion length in Zn3P2 (1979)

Spectral response measurements have been made on metal-semiconductor junction diodes of single-crystal p-type zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) and Al, Mg, and Be. Two different experimental configurations were used and the minority-carrier diffusion lengths calculated using a simple theoretical treatment of the data. In one experimental mode, the light is incident on the surface of the semiconductor opposite the metal junction. The spectral response is peaked and a lower limit on the diffusion length can be calculated from the peak height and sample thickness without detailed knowledge of the optical properties of the semiconductor. In the other mode, light is incident through the metal layer and the diffusion length is calculated by analyzing the spectral response function using known values of the optical absorption coefficient. On samples for which both modes were used, the results are in good agreement. The diffusion lengths measured are in the range of 5–10 μm.
MEASURING CAR-DRIVER INTERACTION WITH THE g-g DIAGRAM (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Among the most pressing needs in the development of rational approaches for vehicle handling quality evaluation is a method for relating the driver's actions with the car's performance capability. This paper describes a concept which provides a graphic and objective measurement of this relationship, including the effect of road surface conditions on overall system behavior. Based on a continuous plot of the vector acceleration of the vehicle in the horizontal plane, the resultant figure, which is called a <u>g-g diagram</u>, is shown to be useful for characterizing the vehicles's envelope of performance, the variation of this envelope with tire-road surface conditions, the accessibility of various operating points to the driver in performing a task, performance margins utilized by the driver in normal operation, and for several other applications. Experimental results from both proving ground and on-road tests are analyzed in terms of driver willingness limits, driver idiosyncracies, and task descriptions. It is shown that drivers usually employ healthy margins of performance on dry roads and that the normal modes of operation are predominantly along the axes (pure cornering, pure braking, and pure driving). Applications of the method to handling studies, driver training, and general vehicle research and development are briefly described.</div>
Nonequilibrium Chemical Excitation and Chemical Pumping of Lasers (1965)

Chemical processes are reviewed which give rise to atomic or molecular products with spectroscopically observable nonequilibrium distributions among internal energy levels. Relevant theoretical considerations are reviewed, and for several types of reactions, experimental results are discussed in terms of specific examples. In several cases the existence of a population inversion seems clearly established, but it is by no means clear that the inversion density is sufficient for laser action. Certain features of molecular spectroscopy and collisional energy transfer processes bearing on the laser problem are discussed briefly.
The effects of endothelin on cytosolic calcium in cultured human and rat glomerular mesangial cells. (1991)

Isopeptides of the endothelin gene family, including sarafotoxin, caused a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular-free calcium (cytosolic calcium) in cultured human and rat glomerular mesangial cells. The calcium increments had two components, a spike increment resulting from mobilization of intracellular calcium and a sustained calcium increment as a result of endothelin activation of calcium influx. ET-dependent calcium influx occurred through dihydropyridine-insensitive calcium channels which were blocked by NiCl and allowed entry of Mn2+. In human mesangial cells, ET stimulated periodic oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ that reflect synchronous signalling in localized populations. Calcium signalling evoked by the ET isopeptides showed cross-desensitization among the four ET-peptides tested. Although protein kinase C activation acutely reduced ET-induced calcium signalling, the desensitization by ET isopeptides was independent of protein kinase C. If ET was added to cells incubated with an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, it became apparent that ET activated a calcium efflux pathway which reduced cytosolic calcium. These data, therefore, demonstrate that calcium signalling is a common response in both human and rat cultured mesangial cells incubated with different ET isopeptides.
Gain assisted long range surface plasmon using multiple quantum wells (2006)

We propose a structure that compensates surface plasmon (SP) losses using quantum well (QW) gain medium. A finite height superstrate is used to achieve significant reduction in gain requirement for lossless SP propagation.
Bioprotective Alkaloids of Grass-Fungal Endophyte Symbioses (1997)

Symbiotic interactions of C3 grasses with fungal endophytes, Epichloe species and their asexual relatives Neotypkodium, often provide the grass hosts with major fitness enhancements (for review, see Siegel and Bush [1994]). The endophytes protect host plants from both biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. Documented enhancements to host fitness include greater resistance to mammalian and insect herbivores, pathogens, and nematodes, as well as increased drought tolerance and competitiveness. Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for a11 of these effects on host fitness is not well established. However, the antiherbivore fitness enhancements are largely attributable to the accumulation of four groups of alkaloids: lolines, peramine, ergot alkaloids, and lolitrems. The objective of this Update is to present the current status of knowledge on these alkaloids, focusing on their biological activities and the potential for genetically manipulating their expression in grasslendophyte symbiota.
Cabinet magazine (2007-2010) (2007)

Cabinet Magazine is an influential and highly regarded quarterly journal of art and culture. Published by a small non-profit organisation in Brooklyn, New York, each issue reaches around 40,000 readers (comparable to the readership of the Australian current affairs magazine 'The Monthly'). In spite of its relatively small circulation, the magazine regularly publishes the work of major academics and arts writers. The magazine was founded around three distinct missions: firstly, to be an arts magazine that artists (rather than collectors) would want to read; secondly, to provide a forum for rigorous academic writing stripped of jargon and accessible to a popular audience; and thirdly to encourage omnivorous curiosity regarding the external world. These missions intersect, producing a publication of surprising breadth and depth, with a peculiar focus on culture understood through the material history of both unusual and banal objects. As Sina Najafi explained in an interview with ArtKrush in 2006, 'a history of urban warfare is as likely to appear in our pages as a history of the doughnut.' After publishing an article ('Photoagentur Potemkin') with Cabinet in 2007, I was awarded a writer's grant by the Australia Council to travel to New York and work in Cabinet's editorial office for a period of three months. I stayed for five, engaging in research and support, and was appointed a contributing editor to the publication. Whilst holding this position I wrote original articles, translated a feature from German to English (Andreas Hiepko's 'The Islanders' 2010) and commissioned articles from other writers.
Multistage order statistic filters for image sequence processing (1991)

The application of multistage order statistic filters (MOS) to the task of noise suppression in time-varying imagery is studied. It is shown that MOS filters efficiently preserve image structures under motion without motion compensation preprocessing. In particular, the families of multistage median and weighted median filters are considered. Motion preservation and statistical smoothing measures are derived. It is shown that spatiotemporal filtering allows for a significant improvement over both spatial and temporal filtering in terms of output image resolution and noise suppression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antithrombin III Phenylalanines 122 and 121 Contribute to Its High Affinity for Heparin and Its Conformational Activation (2003)

The dissociation equilibrium constant for heparin binding to antithrombin III (ATIII) is a measure of the cofactor's binding to and activation of the proteinase inhibitor, and its salt dependence indicates that ionic and non-ionic interactions contribute approximately 40 and approximately 60% of the binding free energy, respectively. We now report that phenylalanines 121 and 122 (Phe-121 and Phe-122) together contribute 43% of the total binding free energy and 77% of the energy of non-ionic binding interactions. The large contribution of these hydrophobic residues to the binding energy is mediated not by direct interactions with heparin, but indirectly, through contacts between their phenyl rings and the non-polar stems of positively charged heparin binding residues, whose terminal amino and guanidinium groups are thereby organized to form extensive and specific ionic and non-ionic contacts with the pentasaccharide. Investigation of the kinetics of heparin binding demonstrated that Phe-122 is critical for promoting a normal rate of conformational change and stabilizing AT*H, the high affinity-activated binary complex. Kinetic and structural considerations suggest that Phe-122 and Lys-114 act cooperatively through non-ionic interactions to promote P-helix formation and ATIII binding to the pentasaccharide. In summary, although hydrophobic residues Phe-122 and Phe-121 make minimal contact with the pentasaccharide, they play a critical role in heparin binding and activation of antithrombin by coordinating the P-helix-mediated conformational change and organizing an extensive network of ionic and non-ionic interactions between positively charged heparin binding site residues and the cofactor.
The power density of a surgical laser beam: Its meaning and measurement (1983)

This paper discusses the fundamental concepts of matter, energy, power, and power density, with specific emphasis on the power density of a laser. It points out that a laser beam does not have a single, unique value of diameter within which all of its radiation is confined. Therefore, a computation of power density requires both a value of diameter, and the value of the fraction of total power which is transmitted within that diameter. Some possible means of measuring diameter, power, and power density are presented.
Learning joint intensity-depth sparse representations (2012)

This paper presents a method for learning overcomplete dictionaries composed of two modalities that describe a 3D scene: image intensity and scene depth. We propose a novel Joint Basis Pursuit (JBP) algorithm that finds related sparse features in two modalities using conic programming and integrate it into a two-step dictionary learning algorithm. JBP differs from related convex algorithms because it finds joint sparsity models with different atoms and different coefficient values for intensity and depth. This is crucial for recovering generative models where the same sparse underlying causes (3D features) give rise to different signals (intensity and depth). We give a theoretical bound for the sparse coefficient recovery error obtained by JBP, and show experimentally that JBP is far superior to the state of the art Group Lasso algorithm. When applied to the Middlebury depth-intensity database, our learning algorithm converges to a set of related features, such as pairs of depth and intensity edges or image textures and depth slants. Finally, we show that the learned dictionary and JBP achieve the state of the art depth inpainting performance on time-of-flight 3D data.
Coagulopathy in α‐galactosyl transferase knockout pulmonary xenotransplants (2011)

The results indicate that further efforts to address the coagulopathy associated with pulmonary xenotransplantation are needed. Further, evidence suggests that resident porcine immune cells can play an important role in the coagulopathy associated with xenotransplantation.
An approach to benchmarking storage reclamation strategies (2002)

A research program to gain experimental data to test the various conjectures and theories concerning the performance of storage reclamation strategies in a virtual memory environment is reported. A modular Lisp interpreter was designed in which various list storage and reclamation strategies could be implemented and evaluated. This Lisp interpreter is implemented in Turbo Pascal and runs under Microsoft DOS. It includes a virtual memory system. The Lisp interpreter is described along with the test programs and measurement strategies used for evaluating storage reclamation (termed garbage collection) performance in a virtual memory environment. Preliminary results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracing object-oriented code into functional requirements (2002)

Software system documentation is almost always expressed informally, in natural language and free text. Examples include requirement specifications, design documents, manual pages, system development journals, error logs and related maintenance reports. We propose an approach to establish and maintain traceability links between source code and free text documents. A premise of our work is that programmers use meaningful names for program items, such as functions, variables, types, classes, and methods. We believe that the application-domain knowledge that programmers process when writing the code is often captured by the mnemonics for identifiers; therefore, the analysis of these mnemonics can help to associate high level concepts with program concepts, and vice-versa. The approach is applied to software written in an object oriented language, namely Java, to trace classes to functional requirements.
Utility of Fast Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Display for the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Not Well Suited for Second Harmonic Stress Echocardiography (1999)

Fast cine cardiac MRI provides a mechanism to assess left ventricular contraction and diagnose inducible myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for stress echocardiography.
Effective geometrical calibration of a delta parallel robot used in neurosurgery (2005)

The increasing applications of parallel robots in domains such as medical or machine-tools require a high accuracy. As a result, the geometrical calibration of these mechanisms becomes a major step to reach the expected accuracy. An effective and simple calibration method based on 1D and 3D measurements of a new low cost artifact is presented and then validated on the Surgiscope/spl reg/, a structure based on a delta parallel robot used in neurosurgery.
Performance Evaluation of InGaSb/AlSb P-Channel High-Hole-Mobility Transistor Faricated Using BCl<sub>3</sub> Dry Etching (2013)

In this study, we present the fabrication and characterization of InGaSb/AlSb p-channel high-hole-mobility-transistor devices using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching with BCl 3 gas. Devices fabricated by the dry etching technique show good DC and RF performances. Radio-frequency (RF) performance for devices with different source-to-drain spacing ( L SD ) and gate length ( L g ) were investigated. The fabricated 80-nm-gate-length p-channel device with 2-µm L SD exhibited a maximum drain current of 86.2 mA/mm with peak transconductance ( g m ) of 64.5 mS/mm. The current gain cutoff frequency ( f T ) was measured to be 15.8 GHz when the device was biased at V DS = -1.2 V and V GS = 0.4 V.
Alterations in miRNA Levels in the Dentate Gyrus in Epileptic Rats (2013)

The aim of this study was to characterize changes in miRNA expression in the epileptic dentate gyrus. Status epilepticus evoked by amygdala stimulation was used to induce epilepsy in rats. The dentate gyri were isolated at 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 90 d after stimulation (n=5). Sham-operated time-matched controls were prepared for each time point (n=5). The miRNA expression was evaluated using Exiqon microarrays. Additionally, mRNA from the same animals was profiled using Affymetrix microarrays. We detected miRNA expression signatures that differentiate between control and epileptic animals. Significant changes in miRNA expression between stimulated and sham operated animals were observed at 7 and 30 d following stimulation. Moreover, we found that there are ensembles of miRNAs that change expression levels over time. Analysis of the mRNA expression from the same animals revealed that the expression of several mRNAs that are potential targets for miRNA with altered expression level is regulated in the expected direction. The functional characterization of miRNAs and their potential mRNA targets indicate that miRNA can participate in several molecular events that occur in epileptic tissue, including immune response and neuronal plasticity. This is the first report on changes in the expression of miRNA and the potential functional impact of these changes in the dentate gyrus of epileptic animals. Complex changes in the expression of miRNAs suggest an important role for miRNA in the molecular mechanisms of epilepsy.
Identification of Pyridine Compounds in Cigarette Smoke Solution That Inhibit Growth of the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (2002)

Based on prior work, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke contains chemicals that can inhibit growth of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). In this study, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify 12 pyridine derivatives in the inhibitory fractions of smoke eluted from solid phase extraction cartridges. These pyridine derivatives were further studied individually in dose response experiments to determine their effects on CAM growth. A correlation was observed between the functional group substitutions on pyridine and the relative toxicity of each pyridine derivative. In the CAM growth assay, pyridine derivatives with single methyl or single ethyl substitutions had lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) of 5 x 10(-9) and 5 x 10(-12) M, respectively. Other pyridine derivatives and pyridine itself had LOAELs in the micromolar range. One of the most inhibitory derivatives, 3-ethylpyridine, was studied further and inhibited cell proliferation, as measured by BrdU incorporation. Since 3-ethylpyridine inhibited growth at picomolar doses and is added to consumer products including cosmetics, food, drinks, and tobacco, it will be important to perform further toxicological testing to determine its effect on human health.
Detection of Aspergillus antigens associated with invasive infection (1990)

Serial urine samples were collected from 33 neutropenic patients, 10 of whom developed invasive aspergillosis (IA) while undergoing bone marrow transplantation or remission induction therapy for leukemia. Concentrated urine samples from the infected patients were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted, and then incubated with antiserum raised to a cell wall extract of Aspergillus fumigatus (anti-CW) or an immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody to A. fumigatus galactomannan (EBA1). When IA patient urine blots were probed with anti-CW, major bands at 11 and 18 kilodaltons (kDa); intermediate bands at 13, 14, and 29 kDa; and minor bands at 38 and 44 kDa were seen. In contrast, EBA1 showed diffuse staining at molecular masses larger than 45 kDa and a single weak band at 21 kDa. Urine samples from the 23 patients with no evidence of IA were unreactive with both anti-CW and EBA1. These antigen bands are likely to represent immunodominant antigens which are excreted during IA and should play a valuable role in the development of rapid diagnostic tests for aspergillosis.
Traitement de données complexes et commande en logique floue (2003)

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