gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Molecular Thermometer Based on the Fluorescence of Fullerene Dispersed in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Film (2002)

Abstract A new optical molecular thermometer based on the fluorescence intensities of the fullerene C60 dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film was developed. The fluorescence intensity of the C60 film decreased with increasing the temperature in the range from 260 to 373 K. The Arrhenius plot of ln[(I(T)/I(Tref))] versus 1/T for the C60 film exhibits considerable linearity supported by the correlation factor, r2, estimated to be 0.989 by the least squares method (Tref = 260 K). The E/R value of the C60 film is estimated to be 22.3 K. These results indicate that the C60 film provides a linear temperature response in the range 260 to 373 K.
Memorability of persuasive passwords (2008)

Text passwords are the primary authentication method used for most online services. Many online users select weak passwords. Regrettably, most proposed methods of strengthening passwords compromise memorability. This paper explores a lightweight password creation mechanism's effect on password memorability. Our system employs Persuasive Technology to assist users in creating stronger passwords. Results show that our improvement scheme affected password memorability only for users who created secure passwords before the system applied its improvement. This result warns researchers to not alienate users who are already security-aware when trying to assist security-unaware users to behave more securely.
PREDICTION OF POTENTIAL HUMAN INTENTION USING SUPERVISED COMPETITIVE LEARNING (2017)

We propose a learning method to quantify human intention. Generally, a human being will imagine several potential actions for a given scene, but only one of these actions will subsequently be taken. This makes it difficult to quantify human intentions.
To solve this problem, we apply competitive learning to human behavior prediction as supervised learning. In our approach, competitive learning generates several outputs that are then associated with several potential situations imagined by a human. We applied the proposed method to human driving behavior and extracted three potential driving patterns. Results showed a squared error is reduced to 1/25 that of a conventional method . We also found that competitive learning can distinguish valid data from disturbance data in order to train a model.
Motion activity based wireless video quality perceptual metric (2002)

Due to its limited bandwidth, lossy compressed video is very important in wireless video transmissions. We propose a quality evaluation framework based on motion activity information, and two concepts, video definition and video smoothness are introduced into digital video metrics. The motion activity description method is essential to both aspects. Two simple but effective methods describing motion activities are presented first. Then, the role of motion activity played in the quality evaluation of video definition and video smoothness is set forth. The framework is fit for applications of a wide range.
A Prospective Naturalistic Study of 326 Panic-Agoraphobic Patients Treated with Antidepressants (2000)

Both classical antidepressants and paroxetine emerge as a useful treatment in the long-term management of PDA; paroxetine appears particularly useful in PDA patients because it was significantly less likely to induce jitteriness, thereby reducing barriers to compliance.
Organic Polymers. Correlation between Their Structure and Catalytic Activity in Heterogeneous Systems. I. Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile and Polycyanoacetylene (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Polymers. Correlation between Their Structure and Catalytic Activity in Heterogeneous Systems. I. Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile and PolycyanoacetyleneJ. Manassen and J. WallachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 12, 2671–2677Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01090a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01090a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel B7-2 (CD86) Splice Variant with a Putative Negative Regulatory Role (2008)

B7-2 (CD86) costimulatory molecules are pivotal for the regulation of T cell responses. In this study, a novel human B7-2 alternate transcript (termed B7-2C) is described. This transcript is characterized by the deletion of exon 4 that encodes the IgV-like counter-receptor binding domain of the B7-2 protein (full-length; B7-2A). B7-2C was detected as mRNA and cell surface protein in human non-neoplastic salivary gland epithelial cells and monocytes, but not in fibroblasts, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and several epithelial tumor cell lines. In monocytes, B7-2C protein expression was found to be significantly down-regulated following activation. The analysis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) single-transfected (CHO-B7-2C) and double-transfected (CHO-B7-2A/B7-2C) cell lines had indicated that cell surface B7-2C expression is by itself unable to provide T cell costimulation, but inhibits the transmission of costimulatory signals via B7-2A (by 23-69%). Such inhibition was found to depend on the relative cell surface expression of B7-2A and B7-2C proteins, as it occurred in CHO-B7-2A/B7-2C transfectants with significantly lower B7-2A to B7-2C ratios (1.0-3.5), compared with those with unaffected B7-2A-mediated costimulatory function (10.0-19.5). Our findings suggest that B7-2C is expressed by monocytes, as well as by nonimmune cells with potential Ag-presenting capacity (such as salivary gland epithelial cells). The expression of B7-2C on certain B7-2A-expressing cells appears to represent a mechanism for the fine tuning of B7-2A-mediated costimulatory signals, possibly through the interruption of B7-2A clustering required for the productive interaction between B7-2A and cognate receptors.
Fabrication of conducting polyaniline microspheres using droplet microfluidics (2013)

Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer with very diverse applications in the areas of sensing, bioelectronics, biofuels, toxic metal recovery and rechargeable batteries. In this work, monodispersed PANI microspheres in the semi-conducting range are facilely synthesized via chemical oxidation by using droplet microfluidics. These PANI microspheres are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectroscopy and conductivity measurements with three different molar concentrations of the polymer. The effect of the molar ratio of ammonium persulfate to aniline on the morphology, chemical structure and conductivity of the PANI microspheres is investigated. The conductivity of the PANI microspheres is on the order of 10−3 S cm−1 by using our microfluidic platform, comparable to that of the existing PANI nanostructures. In comparison with the existing self-assembly or template methods for PANI synthesis, our droplet microfluidics based procedure provides an inexpensive, rapid, and higher throughput one-step synthesis route for the fabrication of PANI microspheres with controlled size, functionality and biomolecule encapsulation capacity for biosensing and controlled drug release applications.
Flexibilidad contable en lavValoración de instrumentos financieros híbridos (2011)

En este articulo se analiza la problematica de valoracion de derivados financieros hibridos que llevan
incorporadas opciones exoticas, para las cuales no existe un valor de mercado y estan sujetas a la
existencia de error de modelo. En particular, se considera la valoracion de opciones europeas con barrera
y opciones cliquet. En el articulo se muestra la importancia que tiene la seleccion de un modelo de
valoracion adecuado, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de un alto grado de flexibilidad en el sistema
contable actual. No obstante, la requerida flexibilidad tambien comporta mayores responsabilidades para
la profesion auditora.
STRONG AND WEAK VITALI PROPERTIES (2001)

Let $X$ be a metric space and let $\mu$ be a Borel measure on $X$. We say that $\mu$ satisfies the strong Vitali property if for any Borel subset $E$ of $X$ with $\mu (E) <\infty$ and for any fine cover $\mathcal{V}$ of $E$, we may extract a countable disjoint subcollection $\pi = \{B_{i}\}$ from $\mathcal{V}$ such that $\displaystyle \mu(E \setminus \cup B_{i}) = 0$. If we require $\pi$ to satisfy the condition that if $B(x_{i},r_{i}), ~B(x_{j},r_{j}) \in \pi$ with $i \neq j$, then $x_{i} \notin B(x_{j},r_{j})$, then $\mu$ is said to satisfy the weak Vitali property. Besicovitch showed that every finite Borel measure in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ must satisfy the strong Vitali property. It is also true for certain other metric spaces. In a general metric space it is no longer pertinent to ask if all Borel measures possess a certain property. To this end we construct a metric space $\Omega$ and identify two subsets $A, B \subseteq \Omega$ such that for any Borel probability measure $\mu$ on $\Omega$, 1.$\mu (A) = 1$, then $\mu$ must satisfy the strong Vitali property; 2. $\mu(B) = 1$, then $\mu$ must satisfy the weak Vitali property but not necessarily the strong Vitali property; We introduce the notion of a centralized Vitali property and give an example of a measure for which this property fails.
Using an Augmented Reality Device as a Distance‐based Vision Aid—Promise and Limitations (2018)

Consumer AR devices may soon be able to support applications that improve the functional vision of users for some tasks. In our study, both artificially impaired participants and participants with near-complete vision loss performed tasks that they could not do without the AR system. Current limitations in system performance and form factor, as well as the risk of overconfidence, will need to be overcome.
Phase 1 clinical trial demonstrated that MUC1 positive metastatic seminal vesicle cancer can be effectively eradicated by modified Anti-MUC1 chimeric antigen receptor transduced T cells (2016)

Recent progress in chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T cell) technology in cancer therapy is extremely promising, especially in the treatment of patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In contrast, due to the hostile immunosuppressive microenvironment of a solid tumor, CAR T-cell accessibility and survival continue to pose a considerable challenge, which leads to their limited therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we constructed two anti-MUC1 CAR-T cell lines. One set of CAR-T cells contained SM3 single chain variable fragment (scFv) sequence specifically targeting the MUC1 antigen and co-expressing interleukin (IL) 12 (named SM3-CAR). The other CAR-T cell line carried the SM3 scFv sequence modified to improve its binding to MUC1 antigen (named pSM3-CAR) but did not co-express IL-12. When those two types of CAR-T cells were injected intratumorally into two independent metastatic lesions of the same MUC1(+) seminal vesicle cancer patient as part of an interventional treatment strategy, the initial results indicated no side-effects of the MUC1 targeting CAR-T cell approach, and patient serum cytokines responses were positive. Further evaluation showed that pSM3-CAR effectively caused tumor necrosis, providing new options for improved CAR-T therapy in solid tumors.
Planar anchoring of nematic 4-<i>n</i>-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl on self-assembled monolayers formed from alkanethiols on gold (1996)

We report measurements of planar anchoring of nematic 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from CH3(CH2)mSH (7⩽m⩽17) on films of gold (prepared without oblique deposition) by using reflection interferometry. The anchoring observed contrasts with past reports of homeotropic anchoring of 5CB by surfaces, such as monolayers formed from octadecyltrichlorosilane on silica, with energies as low as alkanethiols on gold (19 mN/m). The anisotropic dispersion force acting between 5CB and gold was calculated to favor planar anchoring of 5CB on SAMs formed from CH3(CH2)15SH by ∼0.1 mN/m, and can, therefore, override self-interactions of 5CB that lead to homeotropic anchoring. Electric field-induced Freederiksz transitions of 5CB supported on bare gold, and on SAMs formed from CH3(CH2)15SH on gold, confirm weaker (planar) anchoring of 5CB on SAMs on gold as compared to bare gold.
Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor and lung cancer (2008)

Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) belongs to the whey acidic protein four-disulfide core family of proteins, and has antimicrobial and antiprotease functions. SLPI is produced by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. Gene-targeting experiments in mice indicated that one function of SLPI is to protect proepithelin from elastase cleavage in wound healing. In addition to its antiprotease function, SLPI has an anti-inflammatory function through the modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB acting intracellularly, especially in macrophages. SLPI is also produced in cancer tissues, but its role in cancer is not well understood. SLPI genes are often upregulated under tumorigenic conditions. We found a negligible number of tumors in the lungs of SLPI knockout mice 20 or 40 weeks after administration of urethane, an interesting experimental model for investigating the function of SLPI in cancer. This review discusses the normal function of SLPI and its possible roles in cancer tissues.
Perceptions of Intimate Violence and Attitudes Toward Interventions (2006)

Abstract The present study investigates the effects of perceptions of intimate violence, knowledge of domestic violence policies, and attitudes toward domestic violence interventions among Vietnamese Americans. Data analyses indicate that Vietnamese Americans tend to view intimate violence as a problem and strongly support government interventions, but they are not likely to support criminal justice interventions. Perceptions of the problems and attitudes toward interventions are not significantly affected by all indicators of acculturation. Particularly, English proficiency has no significant effects on all dependent variables. On the other hand, knowledge of domestic violence policies significantly increases support for government interventions in general and for criminal justice interventions in particular. The study suggests the importance of understanding acculturation within the social, cultural, and political contexts of the immigrant community, as well as the importance of social integration and public education in improving knowledge about domestic violence and intervention policies among immigrants.
26ps pulses from a passively Q-switched microchip laser (2014)

Short-pulse laser systems have found entry into industrial micro material fabrication processes on a large scale during the past ten years. In the same way the demand of simple, compact and cost-efficient seed sources has grown. The physical parameters needed for short-pulse laser processing range between a few femtoseconds to some ten picoseconds at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. Up to now these laser systems are based on high repetition rate oscillators and regenerative amplifiers. These systems are rather complex and expensive. In contrast a Q-switched microchip laser in combination with a single pass amplifier permits a much simpler approach. In the following we present a 50 μm Nd<sup>3+</sup>:YVO<sub>4</sub> microchip laser that is passively Q-switched by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. To overcome handling problems of the small crystal dimensions the 50 μm 3 at.-% doped Nd<sup>3+</sup>:YVO<sub>4</sub> crystal is optically bonded to an undoped YVO<sub>4</sub> crystal of a length of about 500 μm. The system provides pulse widths around 26 ps at a repetition rate of up to 0.9 MHz. The average output power is 15 mW at a wavelength of 1,064 nm, at an energy of 17 nJ. We will discuss the prospects and limits in terms of pulse width, repetition rate, output power, and system stability. The experimental data are compared to theoretical calculations.
A knowledge based system for diagnosing spinal deformations: moire pattern analysis and interpretation (2003)

For young people, spinal deformations are an evolving process which must be detected and treated as early as possible. The moire technique is quite simple, not expensive, not aggressive and well suited to the detection of spinal rotations. Therefore, a computer vision system for recognition of spinal deformations would be very useful for decision support. The authors present a knowledge-based system for diagnosing spinal deformations from human back moire image. To realize this computer system, the approach consists of extracting fringe contours from moire images using the infinite size symmetric exponential filter which is an optimal smoothing filter, then localizing some relevant elements such as the centers of shoulder-blades and the spinal column to make measurement which are crucial for the diagnosis process, and finally performing 3D reconstruction and diagnosis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An inhibitory role of NEK6 in TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway (2015)

The NEK6 (NIMA-related kinases 6) is reported to play potential roles in tumorigenesis. Although it is suggested to function in several cellular pathways, the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis is still largely unknown. In the present study, we discovered interaction of NEK6 with Smad4, a key member of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway. Over-expression of NEK6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines suppresses TGFβ-mediated transcription activity in a kinase activity-dependent manner. In addition, NEK6 suppresses the cell growth arrest induced by TGFβ. Mechanically, NEK6 blocks nuclear translocation of Smad4, which is essential for TGFβ function. Moreover, we identified that NEK6 could be regulated by TGFβ and hypoxia. Our study sheds new light on the roles of NEK6 in canonical TGFβ/Smad pathway and tumorigenesis.
New Method for Detecting Cellular Transforming Genes (1982)

Tumor induction in athymic nude mice can be used to detect dominant transforming genes in cellular DNA. Mouse NIH 3T3 cells freshly transfected with either cloned Moloney sarcoma proviral DNA or cellular DNA's derived from virally transformed cells induced tumors when injected into athymic nu/nu mice. Tumors were also induced by cells transfected with DNA from two tumor-derived and one chemically transformed human cell lines. The mouse tumors induced by human cell line DNA's contained human DNA sequences, and DNA derived from these tumors was capable of inducing both tumors and foci on subsequent transfection. Tumor induction in nude mice represents a useful new method for the detection and selection of cells transformed by cellular oncogenes.
Microsatellite instability status determined by next‐generation sequencing and compared with <scp>PD</scp>‐L1 and tumor mutational burden in 11,348 patients (2018)

Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing identifies patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. We developed an MSI assay that uses data from a commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to determine MSI status. The assay is applicable across cancer types and does not require matched samples from normal tissue. Here, we describe the MSI-NGS method and explore the relationship of MSI with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and PD-L1. MSI examined by PCR fragment analysis and NGS was compared for 2189 matched cases. Mismatch repair status by immunohistochemistry was compared to MSI-NGS for 1986 matched cases. TMB was examined by NGS, and PD-L1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Among 2189 matched cases that spanned 26 cancer types, MSI-NGS, as compared to MSI by PCR fragment analysis, had sensitivity of 95.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.24, 98.08), specificity of 99.4% (95% CI 98.94, 99.69), positive predictive value of 94.5% (95% CI 90.62, 97.14), and negative predictive value of 99.2% (95% CI, 98.75, 99.57). High MSI (MSI-H) status was identified in 23 of 26 cancer types. Among 11,348 cases examined (including the 2189 matched cases), the overall rates of MSI-H, TMB-high, and PD-L1 positivity were 3.0%, 7.7%, and 25.4%, respectively. Thirty percent of MSI-H cases were TMB-low, and only 26% of MSI-H cases were PD-L1 positive. The overlap between TMB, MSI, and PD-L1 differed among cancer types. Only 0.6% of the cases were positive for all three markers. MSI-H status can be determined by NGS across cancer types. MSI-H offers distinct data for treatment decisions regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors, in addition to the data available from TMB and PD-L1.
Three‐dimensional simulation of microchip encapsulation process (2000)

Abstract A finite element simulation of moving boundaries in a three‐dimensional inertiafree, incompressible flow is presented. A control volume scheme with a fixed finite element mesh is employed to predict fluid front advancement. Fluid front advancement and pressure variation in a flow domain similar to the mold cavity used for microchip encapsulation are predicted. The predicted fluid front advancement and pressure variation are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. As the difference in the thicknesses of mold cavities above and below the microchip is changed, the weld line location and pressure variation during mold filling are found to change significantly.
Opportunistic Adversaries: On Imminent Threats to Learning-Based Business Automation (2012)

False positives and negatives are inevitable in real-world classification problems. In general, machine-learning-based business process automation is still viable with reduced classification accuracy due to such false decisions, thanks to business models that replace human decision processes with automated decision processes covering the costs of introducing automation and the losses from rare mistakes by the automation with the profits from relatively large savings in human-factor costs. However, under certain conditions, it is possible for attackers to outsmart a classifier at a reasonable cost and thus destroy the business model that the learner system depends on. Attackers may eventually detect the misclassification cases they can benefit from and try to create similar inputs that will be misclassified by the unaware learner system. We call adversaries of this type "opportunistic adversaries". This paper specifies the environmental patterns that can expose vulnerabilities to opportunistic adversaries and presents some likely business scenarios for these threats. Then we propose a countermeasure algorithm to detect such attacks based on change detection in the post-classification data distributions. Experimental results show that our algorithm has higher detection accuracy than other approaches based on outlier detection or change-point detection.