gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of the Normal Ureagenic Response to Amino Acids in Organic Acid-loaded Rats (1980)

Propionic and methylmalonic acidemia are both known to be associated with hyperammonemia. Rats injected with 10 or 20 mmol/kg of propionate or 20 mmol/kg of methylmalonate, along with 1.5 g/kg of a mixture of amino acids, developed severe hyperammonemia, whereas rats administered the same dosages of acetate did not. In vitro, neither propionyl nor methylmalonyl CoA affected the activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarbamylase, nor the activation constant (K(A)) of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I for N-acetyl glutamate. Furthermore, rats injected with propionate showed no alteration of liver amino acid concentrations, which could explain impaired ureagenesis. Animals injected with methylmalonate showed an increase in both citrulline and aspartate, suggesting that argininosuccinic acid synthetase may also have been inhibited. Liver ATP levels were unchanged. Citrullinogenesis, measured in intact mitochondria from livers of injected animals, was reduced 20-25% by 20 mmol/kg of propionate or methylmalonate (compared with acetate). This effect was attributable to an impairment in the normal rise of liver N-acetyl glutamate content after amino acid injection. Thus, carbamyl phosphate synthetase I activation was reduced. Liver levels of acetyl CoA and free CoA were reduced. Levels of unidentified acyl CoA derivatives rose, presumably reflecting the accumulation of propionyl and methylmalonyl CoA. Thus, the principal mechanism for hyperammonemia induced by these acids is depletion of liver N-acetyl glutamate, which is in turn attributable to depletion of acetyl CoA and/or competitive inhibition by propionyl and methylmalonyl CoA of N-acetyl glutamate synthetase. Injection of methylmalonate may also have an additional inhibitory effect on argininosuccinic acid synthetase.
Effects of N-glycosylation on protein conformation and dynamics: Protein Data Bank analysis and molecular dynamics simulation study (2015)

N-linked glycosylation is one of the most important, chemically complex, and ubiquitous post-translational modifications in all eukaryotes. The N-glycans that are covalently linked to proteins are involved in numerous biological processes. There is considerable interest in developments of general approaches to predict the structural consequences of site-specific glycosylation and to understand how these effects can be exploited in protein design with advantageous properties. In this study, the impacts of N-glycans on protein structure and dynamics are systematically investigated using an integrated computational approach of the Protein Data Bank structure analysis and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of glycosylated and deglycosylated proteins. Our study reveals that N-glycosylation does not induce significant changes in protein structure, but decreases protein dynamics, likely leading to an increase in protein stability. Overall, these results suggest not only a common role of glycosylation in proteins, but also a need for certain proteins to be properly glycosylated to gain their intrinsic dynamic properties.
Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the filamentous bacteriophage IKe (2019)

The filamentous bacteriophage IKe infects <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells bearing IncN pili. We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the micrometer-long IKe viral particle at a resolution of 3.4 Å. The major coat protein [protein 8 (p8)] consists of 47 residues that fold into a ∼68-Å-long helix. An atomic model of the coat protein was built. Five p8 helices in a horizontal layer form a pentamer, and symmetrically neighboring p8 layers form a right-handed helical cylinder having a rise per pentamer of 16.77 Å and a twist of 38.52°. The inner surface of the capsid cylinder is positively charged and has direct interactions with the encapsulated circular single-stranded DNA genome, which has an electron density consistent with an unusual left-handed helix structure. Similar to capsid structures of other filamentous viruses, strong capsid packing in the IKe particle is maintained by hydrophobic residues. Despite having a different length and large sequence differences from other filamentous phages, π-π interactions were found between Tyr9 of one p8 and Trp29 of a neighboring p8 in IKe that are similar to interactions observed in phage M13, suggesting that, despite sequence divergence, overall structural features are maintained.
Tracking of Human Groups Using Subtraction Stereo (2011)

In this paper, we propose a method for tracking groups of people using three-dimensional (3D) feature points obtained with use of the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi feature tracker (KLT) method and a stereo camera system called “Subtraction stereo”. The tracking system using subtraction stereo, which focuses its stereo matching algorithm to foreground regions obtained by background subtraction, is realized using Kalman filter based tracker. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using 3D scenes of people walking, which are difficult to track.
Automated Composition Algorithm for Gentle Music Based on Pitch Melody Unit (2012)

摘要: 提出了一种以柔和为导向、以音高旋律元 (Pitch melody unit, PMU)为基本操作单位的自动作曲算法.首先根据柔和乐曲的旋律特征构建了算法的 规则模型.然后定义了一阶音高旋律元和二阶音高旋律元,构建了音高旋律元转换表 (Pitch melody unit transition tables, PMUTTs)自动生成的模型,以表达相邻音高旋律元的链接概率,为 旋律计算提供基本数据.分别定义了用来自动生成新的音高旋律元、乐节、乐句、乐曲的4个旋律计算的算子,以自动生成乐曲.实验结果表明, 与以音符为基本单位的马尔可夫作曲方法相比,以音高旋律元为基本单位进行作曲可以提高旋律的逻辑严密性和美感度. 关键词: 自动作曲 / 音高旋律元 / 柔和乐曲 / 规则模型 / 旋律计算
<i>Myasthenia Gravis Seronegative for Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies</i> (2008)

Antibodies to muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) are found in a variable proportion of patients with myasthenia without typical acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies, but their characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. We discuss the incidence and pathogenicity of MuSK antibodies and how clinical studies, animal models, and cultured cell lines can be used to elucidate their pathogenic mechanisms. Patients without either AChR or MuSK antibodies (seronegative myasthenia) appear to present another disease subtype that is highly similar to that of typical myasthenia gravis. We demonstrate a new method that detects AChR antibodies in these patients and show that these low-affinity AChR antibodies are predominantly IgG1 and can activate complement C3b deposition. Similarly MuSK antibodies, although mainly IgG4, are partially IgG1 and can activate C3b deposition. Overall, these results suggest that complement-activation may be an important pathogenic mechanism even in patients without conventional AChR antibodies.
Combustion Synthesis of Nanostructures (2002)

Novel carbon and inorganic 1D nanostructures were prepared by combustion of metal‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) systems in a calorimetric bomb. The high carbon yield from silicon‐containing PTFE starting materials is due to the production and volatility of SiF4.
Linear Precoding for Space-Time Coded MIMO Systems using Partial Channel State Information (2006)

We address the problem of designing a linear precoder for space-time coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with partial knowledge of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), subject to a total transmit power constraint. Assuming an uncorrelated flat-fading channel and using a maximum-likelihood detector at the receiver, we show that the derived precoder is a function of the noise variance, the eigenvalues of the estimated channel matrix and the eigenvalues of the codeword error matrix. From the results derived herein, it is observed that the power allocation on the eigenvalues of the precoder follows the water-pouring policy. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the significant performance gain achieved by using the proposed precoder even at moderate to large CSIT errors.
Mechanism of Ca2+ Activation of the NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5) (2004)

NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is a homologue of the gp91(phox) subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. NOX5 is expressed in lymphoid organs and testis and distinguished from the other NADPH oxidases by its unique N terminus, which contains three canonical EF-hands, Ca(2+)-binding domains. Upon heterologous expression, NOX5 was shown to generate superoxide in response to intracellular Ca(2+) elevations. In this study, we have analyzed the mechanism of Ca(2+) activation of NOX5. In a cell-free system, Ca(2+) elevations triggered superoxide production by NOX5 (K(m) = 1.06 microm) in an NADPH- and FAD-dependent but cytosol-independent manner. That result indicated a role for the N-terminal EF-hands in NOX5 activation. Therefore, we generated recombinant proteins of NOX5 N terminus and investigated their interactions with Ca(2+). Flow dialysis experiments showed that NOX5 N terminus contained four Ca(2+)-binding sites and allowed us to define the hitherto unidentified fourth, non-canonical EF-hand. The EF-hands of NOX5 formed two pairs: the very N-terminal pair had relatively low affinity for Ca(2+), whereas the more C-terminal pair bound Ca(2+) with high affinity. Ca(2+) binding caused a marked conformation change in the N terminus, which exposed its hydrophobic core, and became able to bind melittin, a model peptide for calmodulin targets. Using a pull-down assay, we demonstrate that the regulatory N terminus and the catalytic C terminus of NOX5 interact in a Ca(2+)-dependent way. Our results indicate that the Ca(2+)-induced conformation change of NOX5 N terminus led to enzyme activation through an intra-molecular interaction. That represents a novel mechanism of activation among NAD(P)H oxidases and Ca(2+)-activated enzymes.
Specific therapeutic attempts in experimental and clinical type-I diabetes. (1990)

The morphological basis of type-I diabetes is the destruction of the islets of Langerhans by an inflammatory process. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory mechanisms can prevent diabetes in NOD-mice and BB-rats when given before onset of the disease. In man at the time of diagnosis of diabetes insulitis has progressed already to a loss of more than 80% of the Beta-cells. Several immunosuppressive drugs and immunobiological regimen may influence the course of the disease only in the sense of a temporary remission. Cyclosporine-A was the most effective drug, but can not be recommended for general use at present time because of side effects on the kidney at least when given in higher doses. Whether minimizing the effective dose will be equally effective remains open. Other drugs as ciamexone which seems to be safer have to be taken into account for further studies. Suppression of insulitis most probably will be more successful when the treatment starts at an earlier phase i.e. before onset of the disease. The criteria at what time this may be justified have to be elaborated.
New Optimized Spectral Indices for Identifying and Monitoring Winter Wheat Diseases (2014)

The vegetation indices from hyperspectral data have been shown to be effective for indirect monitoring of plant diseases. However, a limitation of these indices is that they cannot distinguish different diseases on crops. We aimed to develop new spectral indices (NSIs) that would be useful for identifying different diseases on crops. Three different pests (powdery mildew, yellow rust, and aphids) in winter wheat were used in this study. The new optimized spectral indices were derived from a weighted combination of a single band and a normalized wavelength difference of two bands. The most and least relevant wavelengths for different diseases were first extracted from leaf spectral data using the RELIEF-F algorithm. Reflectance of a single band extracted from the most relevant wavelengths and the normalized wavelength difference from all possible combinations of the most and least relevant wavelengths were used to form the optimized spectral indices. The classification accuracies of these new indices for healthy leaves and leaves infected with powdery mildew, yellow rust, and aphids were 86.5%, 85.2%, 91.6%, and 93.5%, respectively. We also applied these NSIs for nonimaging canopy data of winter wheat, and the classification results of different diseases were promising. For the leaf scale, the powdery mildew-index (PMI) correlated well with the disease index (DI), supporting the use of the PMI to invert the severity of powdery mildew. For the canopy scale, the detection of the severity of yellow rust using the yellow rust-index (YRI) showed a high coefficient of determination ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\mbi{R}}^{\bf 2 =} {\bf 0.86}$</tex> </formula> ) between the estimated DI and its observations, suggesting that the NSIs may improve disease detection in precision agriculture application.
Solubilization of Dodecane, Tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene in Micellar Solutions of Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants (1997)

Although surfactants have received considerable attention as a potential means for enhancing the recovery of organic compounds from the subsurface, only limited information is available regarding the micellar solubilization of common groundwater contaminants by nonionic surfactants. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of surfactant properties and environmental fac tors on the solubility of dodecane, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) in micellar solutions of Witconol 2722, Tergitol NP-15, and Witconol SN-120. A matrix of batch experiments was performed at 10 and 25 °C and in the presence of CaCl2 for surfactant concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 15% by weight. Although the hydrophile−lipophile balance (HLB) values of the surfactants are similar, Witconol 2722 solubilized approximately three times more organic than the other surfactants, which was attributed to the greater alkyl chain length and ethoxylation of Witconol 2722. Results of HLB scans, conducted using Tergitol NP surfactants, showed that solubilization capacity was related to the micelle core volume and that cloud point effects can reduce the aqueous solubility of PCE. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the specific surfactant−organic interactions, cloud point tem perature, and macroemulsion formation when selecting nonionic surfactants for use in subsurface remediation ap plications.
Applications of Molecular Testing in Clinical Laboratories for the Diagnosis and Control of Gonorrhea (2006)

The potential for enhanced diagnosis and control of gonococcal infection through the application of advances in molecular medicine is now being realized. However, the introduction of diagnostic nucleic acid amplification assays (NAATs) revealed some significant limitations of these applications. Resolution of some, but not all, of these problems has led to recommendations for refined testing algorithms and a better recognition and acceptance of the limitations of NAATs. Resource restriction has limited the use of diagnostic NAATs, especially in less-developed countries where disease rates are highest. However, NAATs have also proved useful in public health approaches to gonorrhea control in all settings. Additional applications including molecular typing of gonococci to identify and interrupt gonococcal transmission chains and definition of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the gonococcus have been proposed. These approaches, especially those for antimicrobial resistance determination, have been less successful for a number of reasons, including their cost and other unresolved issues.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Series of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: 5‐[(E)‐2‐Arylvinyl]pyrazoles. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Variable threshold vector quantization for reduced continuous density likelihood computation in speech recognition (2002)

Vector quantization (VQ) has been explored in the past as a means of achieving reductions in likelihood computation for hidden Markov models (HMMs) which use Gaussian mixtures for their output densities. In this paper, we present a new method for choosing which mixtures can be discarded for each pair of HMM state and vector quantization index. Traditionally, a global threshold was used to specify the maximum distance a mixture mean could lie from a VQ codeword before being considered negligible in likelihood calculations for observation vectors contained in that VQ cell. Our technique uses a threshold which varies with VQ cell volume. Thus, larger cells are allocated more mixtures than smaller cells, in order to provide a more uniform coverage of the acoustic space and thereby improve computational efficiency.
The Preparation of Methyl-substituted DL-Phenylalanines (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Methyl-substituted DL-PhenylalaninesRoss R. Herr, Takashi Enkoji, and Joseph P. DaileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 15, 4229–4232Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01572a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01572a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Complete Genome Sequence of Haloferax volcanii DS2, a Model Archaeon (2010)

The completed genome sequence, presented here, provides an invaluable tool for further in vivo and in vitro studies of Hfx. volcanii.
A noncontact laser technique for circular contouring accuracy measurement (2001)

The worldwide competition in manufacturing frequently requires the high-speed machine tools to deliver contouring accuracy in the order of a few micrometers, while moving at relatively high feed rates. Traditional test equipment is rather limited in its capability to measure contours of small radius at high speed. Described here is a new noncontact laser measurement technique for the test of circular contouring accuracy. This technique is based on a single-aperture laser Doppler displacement meter with a flat mirror as the target. It is of a noncontact type with the ability to vary the circular path radius continuously at data rates of up to 1000 Hz. Using this instrument, the actual radius, feed rate, velocity, and acceleration profiles can also be determined. The basic theory of operation, the hardware setup, the data collection, the data processing, and the error budget are discussed.
Channeled-substrate-planar structure AlxGa_1−x As lasers: an analytical waveguide study (1978)

The waveguide mechanism in channeled-substrate-planar (CSP) structure (AlGa) As lasers is analyzed. The light leakage into the GaAs substrate outside the channel is shown to provide effective refractive index and loss differences, which function to stabilize the transverse mode in the junction plane. Observed light output vs current characteristics and mode patterns in the lasers justify the theoretical model.
Biochemical properties of a novel and highly thermostable bacterial α-carbonic anhydrase from<i>Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1</i> (2012)

A new carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 was identified and characterized. The bacterial carbonic anhydrase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli yielding an active enzyme, which was purified in large amounts. The recombinant protein (SspCA) was found to belong to the α-CA class and displays esterase activity. The kinetic parameters were determined by using CO(2) and p-nitrophenylacetate (p-NpA) as substrates. The bacterial enzyme presented specific activity comparable to that of bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) but it showed biochemical properties never observed for the mammalian enzyme. The thermophilic enzyme, in fact, was endowed with high thermostability and with unaltered residual activity after prolonged exposure to heat up to 100°C. SspCA and the bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) were immobilized within a polyurethane (PU) foam. The immobilized bacterial enzyme was found to be active and stable at 100°C up to 50 h.
Preparation of Noble Metal Nanowires Using Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 (2000)

We demonstrate a novel preparation method for the formation of metallic nanowires from gold, platinum, and silver using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a template. SBA-15 controls the size and the growth direction of the nanowires and also prevents bulk aggregation of the metal. Nanowires can be isolated from the silica framework by treatment with HF.
A Regular Subunit Pattern Seen on Non-infectious Newcastle Disease Virus Particles (1984)

A pseudo-crystalline array of subunits has been observed on particles of the La Sota, in contrast to the Ulster , strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) grown in MDBK tissue culture without trypsin. This regular arrangement of subunits was associated with the semi-permissive nature of the tissue culture system, as it disappeared when trypsin, which allows infectious virus to be made, was added. The phenomenon described was considered to be related to the crystalline array of matrix protein which has been described inside the envelope of Sendai virus and NDV by others.
Microwave treatment of dehulled rapeseed to inactivate myrosinase and its effect on oil and meal quality (1980)

Abstract Rapeseed was dehulled using a Palyi pneumatic attrition system which produced 62–66% clean dehulled seed. Dehulled rapeseed was preconditioned to 7, 10 and 13% moisture levels, exposed to micro‐wave irradiation for periods of up to 2.5 min and analyzed for residual thioglucoside glucohydrolase (myrosinase) activity. The 7% moisture samples heated slowly and required at least a 2.5 min treatment whereas 10 and 13% moisture samples heated more rapidly and required microwave exposures of 1.5 min or less for complete inactivation of the enzyme. The sulfur content of oils obtained from adequately microwave‐treated samples (1.5 min for 10 and 13% and 2.5 min for 7% moisture samples) was equal to or lower than commercially processed crude rapeseed oils. The shorter microwave treatment of dehulled rapeseed produced considerably lighter oils and did not adversely affect the color of the meal. It also destroyed some of the rapeseed glucosinolates and improved the meal palatability. However, goitrogenic properties of microwave‐treated rapeseed meal evaluated by mice feeding experiments did not appear different from untreated rapeseed meal.
Optimum reference construction and updating for speaker recognition systems (1987)

An algori thm for establ.ishingmore represent,ati ve ini tial reference data in a speaker recognition system is presented, together with five different methods for updating the reference data.These methods have been tested on a text-dependent speaker verification system and the results are presented.