gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Network-Based Market Clearing Price Prediction and Confidence Interval Estimation With an Improved Extended Kalman Filter Method (2005)

Market clearing prices (MCPs) play an important role in a deregulated power market, and good MCP prediction and confidence interval (CI) estimation will help utilities and independent power producers submit effective bids with low risks. MCP prediction, however, is difficult, since MCP is a nonstationary process. Effective prediction, in principle, can be achieved by neural networks using extended Kalman filter (EKF) as an integrated adaptive learning and CI estimation method. EKF learning, however, is computationally expensive because it involves high dimensional matrix manipulations. This work presents a modified U-D factorization method within the decoupled EKF (DEKF) framework. The computational speed and numerical stability of this resulting DEKF-UD method are significantly improved as compared to standard EKF. Testing results for a classroom problem and New England MCP predictions show that this new method provides smaller CIs than what provided by the BP-Bayesian method developed by the authors. Testing also shows that our new method has faster convergence, provides more accurate predictions as compared to BP-Bayesian, and our DEKF-UD MCP predictions are comparable in quality to ISO New England's predictions.
High frequency capacitive single crystal silicon resonators and coupled resonator systems (2006)

The objective of the work presented in this thesis is to implement high-Q silicon capacitive micromechanical resonators operating in the HF, VHF and UHF frequency bands. Several variations of a fully silicon-based bulk micromachining fabrication process referred to as HARPSS have been developed, characterized and optimized to overcome most of the challenges facing application of such devices as manufacturable electronic components. Several micromechanical structures for implementation of high performance capacitive silicon resonators covering various frequency ranges have been developed under this work. Design criteria and electromechanical modeling of such devices is presented. \nUnder this work, HF and VHF resonators with quality factors in the tens of thousands and RF-compatible equivalent electrical impedances have been implemented successfully. Resonance frequencies in the GHz range with quality factors of a few thousands and lowest motional impedances reported for capacitive resonators to date have been achieved. Several resonator coupling techniques for implementation of higher order resonant systems with possibility of extension to highly selective bandpass filters have been investigated and practically demonstrated. Finally, a wafer-level vacuum sealing technique applicable to such resonators has been developed and its reliability and hermeticity is characterized.
A multichannel convolutional neural network for cross-language dialog state tracking (2016)

The fifth Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC5) introduces a new cross-language dialog state tracking scenario, where the participants are asked to build their trackers based on the English training corpus, while evaluating them with the unlabeled Chinese corpus. Although the computer-generated translations for both English and Chinese corpus are provided in the dataset, these translations contain errors and careless use of them can easily hurt the performance of the built trackers. To address this problem, we propose a multichannel Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture, in which we treat English and Chinese language as different input channels of one single CNN model. In the evaluation of DSTC5, we found that such multichannel architecture can effectively improve the robustness against translation errors. Additionally, our method for DSTC5 is purely machine learning based and requires no prior knowledge about the target language. We consider this a desirable property for building a tracker in the cross-language context, as not every developer will be familiar with both languages.
Dr Antigens and Gold Toxicity in white rheumatoid arthritis patients (1984)

An increase in the frequency of DR3 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibiting toxic reactions to chrysotherapy has been reported in several studies of white patients. This study was designed to compare DR antigen frequencies in local white RA patients undergoing chrysotherapy with their response to treatment. The results from our sample of RA patients (n = 148) confirm the fact that there is increased frequency of DR3 in patients who develop toxic reactions to gold therapy, as reported in other studies of white patients. The DR3 increase was attributable to those gold-treated patients who developed proteinuria, and was not observed in patients who developed skin toxicity. Interestingly, the associations were not as strong as those found in other reports. Only 21.1% of the patients with DR3 manifested toxic reactions overall, with only one-third of the patients with proteinuria being DR3 positive. There was also an association of toxicity, albeit not significant, with a decreased frequency of DR2, which is consistent with the suggestion that this phenotype may protect against adverse reactions to gold treatment. These results suggest that while DR3 is significantly associated with adverse response to gold treatment, the relationship is not as strong as that previously reported. Explanation of these differences remains to be elucidated.
Ring Chlorination of Benzenoid Compounds Using Calcium Hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)<sub>2</sub>] (1989)

Abstract Chlorination of activated benzenoid rings is efficiently effected at 0 °C in aqueous acetone/HOAc using calcium hypochlorite as the chlorinating agent. Good to excellent yields of the chlorinated products are obtained.
Real time processing of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with fixed-pattern noise removal by partial median subtraction using a graphics processing unit (2012)

The author presents a graphics processing unit (GPU) programming for real-time Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) with fixed-pattern noise removal by subtracting mean and median. In general, the fixed-pattern noise can be removed by the averaged spectrum from the many spectra of an actual measurement. However, a mean-spectrum results in artifacts as residual lateral lines caused by a small number of high-reflective points on a sample surface. These artifacts can be eliminated from OCT images by using medians instead of means. However, median calculations that are based on a sorting algorithm can generate a large amount of computation time. With the developed GPU programming, highly reflective surface regions were obtained by calculating the standard deviation of the Fourier transformed data in the lateral direction. The medians and means were then subtracted at the observed regions and other regions, such as backgrounds. When the median calculation was less than 256 positions out of a total 512 depths in an OCT image with 1024 A-lines, the GPU processing rate was faster than that of the line scan camera (46.9 kHz). Therefore, processed OCT images can be displayed in real-time using partial medians.
Image Relief Algorithm and its Application in Security Printing (2010)

Image relief can enhance three-dimensional display effect of image through some special treatments by changing the colors of edge and specified areas of effective content and object in the two-dimensional image. In this paper, based on the generalization of Coons Patch’ construction, we propose a new algorithm of generating vector image relief, which can reproduce the sculpture-like concave-convex display effect through local deformation of vector curves. Experiments show that the image relief obtained by this method can overcome the defect of fixed angel offset in existing algorithm, so that more flexible local offset transform methods of the vector curves will be available. Further, the image relief with beautiful artistic effect, as a very important shading anti-counterfeit element, is can be widely used in security printing.
PbSe diode laser (1964)

Laser action at 8.5 µ has been observed from PbSe diodes. The diodes were prepared from p-type PbSe Which had been annealed under closely controlled conditions of temperature and Se vapor pressure to obtain a hole concentration of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.7 \times 10^{17}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . The n-p junction was formed by diffusing excess Pb into a cleaved
γ-Radiation Induced Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignocellulose (2006)

gamma-radiation induced effects on the physical and chemical properties of natural lignocellulose (jute) polymer were investigated. Samples were irradiated to required total doses at a particular dose rate. The changes in the parameters such as the tensile strength, elongation at break, and work done at rupture for the lignocellulose samples on irradiation with the gamma-rays from a cobalt-60 source were measured. The mechanical properties were found to have nonlinear relations with the radiation doses. The chemical stability of irradiated fibers was found to degrade progressively with the increase of radiation dose. Additionally, other chemical changes of the samples due to exposure to high-energy radiation were also investigated using fluorescence and infrared spectroscopic analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric studies showed a significant reduction in thermal stability. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction study showed that structural changes of cellulose appeared due to the radiation-induced chemical reaction of lignocellulose.
The Apoptotic Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Sepsis (2007)

Recent research has yielded many interesting and potentially important therapeutic targets in sepsis. Specifically, the effects of antagonistic anti-cytokine therapies (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 [IL-1]) and anti-endotoxin strategies utilizing antibodies against endotoxin or endotoxin receptor/carrier molecules (anti-CD14 or anti-LPS-binding protein) have been studied. Unfortunately, these approaches often failed clinically, and in many cases, the efficacy of these treatments was dependent on the severity of sepsis. Recently, clinical trials using insulin to lock blood glucose levels and activated protein C treatment have showed that while they provided some survival benefit, their efficacy does not appear to be predicated solely upon anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we will review work done in animal models of polymicrobial sepsis and clinical findings that support the hypothesis that apoptosis in the immune system is a pathologic event in sepsis that can be a therapeutic target. In this respect, experimental studies looking at the septic animal suggest that loss of lymphocytes during sepsis may be due to dysregulated apoptosis and that this appears to be brought on by a variety of mediators effecting 'intrinsic' as well as 'extrinsic' cell death pathways. From a therapeutic perspective this has provided a number of novel targets for clinically successful current, as well as future therapies, such as caspases (caspase inhibition/protease inhibition), pro-apoptotic protein-expression (via administration and/or over-expression of Bcl-2) and the death receptor family Fas-FasL (via. FasFP [fas fusion protein] and the application of siRNA against a number pro-apoptotic factors).
Folie et sérieux ：un paradoxe de l'érotisme. Une analyse des derniers films de Nagisa Ōshima (2016)

Notre recherche est une analyse des derniers films de Nagisa Ōshima au sujet de l'érotisme. Tout d’abord, nous commencerons par explorer la construction primaire de l’érotisme chez Ōshima, en commençant par le conflit entre l’esprit et la chair. Nous ferons des analyses sur le paradoxe érotique des personnages du film formé dans la complication de la chair et du désir. Puis, nous nous pencherons sur la constitution du sujet du film, pour explorer la présentation de la dimension de la folie et de la dimension du sérieux lorsque des sujets importants de la vie s’entremêlent, tels que le sexe, l’amour, la mort. Dans une deuxième partie, nous examinerons l’origine de la contradiction érotique dans la culture japonaise dans les films de Nagisa Ōshima, avec une double perspective microscopique et macroscopique. Nous retrouverons la logique de composition de la folie et du sérieux du style japonais, au regard de l’impact de la culture traditionnelle et du goût esthétique du Japon. Enfin, le substrat culturel étant porteur des fruits de la civilisation, nous avancerons notre étude au niveau de la liaison entre l’érotisme et la morale, et explorerons le paradoxe de la morale et des deux sexes du style japonais, contenus dans le paradoxe érotique présenté dans les films de Nagisa Ōshima.Dans la dernière partie, nous reviendrons sur l’univers de ces films, et nous interpréterons la force motrice qui dessinent leur esthétique érotique via les dimensions de la folie et du sérieux, sous l’impact de la double culture d’Ōshima qui est autant un réalisateur japonais qu’un réalisateur international. Enfin, nous étendrons le paradoxe de l’érotisme « dans l’écran » et « dehors de l’écran », révélé du point de vue du spectateur, de la censure et du mécanisme du film, l’ambition et la rébellion de Nagisa Ōshima de placer l’érotisme au « noyeu » du film. Tout cela en reliant la contradiction de la folie et du sérieux et le conflit de l’art et de la réalité ; le conflit entre l’expression du sexe ; la représentation érotique dans le film et l’institutionnalisation ; le contexte social et politique ; et faire une interprétation profonde de la métaphore du « monde de miroir » de la logique du paradoxe dans l’univers érotique de Nagisa Ōshima.Notre méthodologie d’étude sur l’érotisme est toujours basée sur une logique de paradoxe, de contradiction et de conflit. Ainsi, dans la méthode de recherche, nous tenons toujours à combiner de manière pluridisciplinaire et interdisciplinaire la psychologie, la sociologie, la sémiologie et d’autres disciplines avec la théorie d’esthétique cinématographique.
Image placement of large window-size membrane for EPL and LEEPL mask (2005)

Large window-size membranes for stencil masks are required to increase the throughput of electron projection lithography (EPL) and low-energy electron projection lithography (LEEPL). In this paper, image placement (IP) accuracy and methodology for correcting stress-induced distortions on 4 X EPL masks are addressed. Although the average of local IP errors (| mean | + 3σ) for reference features across an entire 1mm-window EPL mask is 13.4 nm, the average of errors across an entire 4mm-window EPL mask increases to 20.4 nm, which could be reduced to the required budget with further study on EB writing accuracy or IP corrections. In addition we evaluate local IP errors on 4mm-window mask due to pattern gradients by measuring the placement errors at the edge of dense hole arrays. Applying the correction for stress-induced distortions to EB data, we can reduce the placement errors for dense features to 4.6 nm, which is less than the 10 nm budget allocated for 4mm-window EPL mask at the half-pitch features of 45 nm node. For the global IP, only the measurement repeatability of 7.8 nm contributes to the global IP budget measuring all the global position over an entire 4mm-window EPL mask. And we can meet the required global IP budget. Finally, IP accuracy for a single membrane is also presented, showing the IP error is 24.5 nm (| mean | + 3σ), which compares with that of COSMOS type LEEPL mask. Methodology of measuring the position data on a single membrane, however, remains to be developed.
Interleukin (IL)-5 Downregulates Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)–Induced Eotaxin Messenger RNA (mRNA) Expression in Eosinophils: Induction of Eotaxin mRNA by TNF and IL-5 in Eosinophils (1999)

An eotaxin is a chemoattractant specific for eosinophils that are known to play a role in helminth infection and allergic responses. Although several cellular sources have been reported to produce eotaxin, it would be interesting to know whether eosinophils are able to produce their own eotaxin and participate in recruitment of themselves in response to inflammation. To this end, a cloned eotaxin complementary DNA was transcribed in vitro to use as a probe for detecting eotaxin messenger RNA (mRNA), and eotaxin protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eotaxin mRNA was, as analyzed by in situ hybridization, rarely detectable in unstimulated eosinophils, but was strongly induced in eosinophils when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Interleukin (IL)-5, which is known to be a major factor of eosinophil survival in vivo and in vitro, was also able to induce a modest level of eotaxin mRNA but inhibited TNF-induced eotaxin mRNA expression in a dose-response manner. Dexamethasone inhibited TNF-induced eotaxin mRNA expression. This result was consistent with that from reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis. Unlike the little expression of eotaxin mRNA in the absence of stimuli, the measurement of eotaxin protein revealed that a considerable amount of eotaxin protein was constitutively produced in unstimulated eosinophils. Its expression was upregulated by TNF and IL-5 as well. However, the inhibitory effect of IL-5 on TNF-mediated eotaxin protein production was not as pronounced as that on eotaxin mRNA induction. Collectively, these data reflect the complex physiology of eosinophils in the expression of eotaxin gene upon the exposure to their survival and/or death factors.
Material Characteristics of Spin‐On Glasses for Interlayer Dielectric Applications (1987)

The material properties of several commercial spin‐on glasses were investigated. Infrared spectrophotometry was used to study the annealing effects on the contents of hydroxyl and organic groups. Their concentrations are found to be sensitive to the annealing temperatures and annealing ambients. Both the room‐temperature stress and the in situ stress during annealing were monitored. The measured stress levels of films on Si wafers are low (less than 108 Pa in tensile) compared to other deposited silicon dioxide films. Dielectric properties, including dielectric constants and dissipation factors, were also examined as a function of annealing conditions. A strong correlation between the dielectric properties and the OH content in the film was established. Of the two films studied most extensively, one showed significantly better dielectric properties following low‐temperature (<600°C) curing. Both are good dielectric films for VLSI interlayer dielectric applications if high‐temperature annealings are allowed.
Fabrication of Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (HPDLC) with High Reflection Efficiency (1999)

We investigated the relationship between the reflection efficiency of a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) and the liquid-crystal/polymer phase separation structure. A small droplet size and a high droplet density increase the reflection efficiency. This means that the fabrication of a layerlike phase separation structure is necessary for realizing high reflection efficiency.
Inter-network roaming based on personal digital cellular standards (2002)

The paper describes inter-network roaming based on the standards of Japan's digital cellular system called personal digital cellular (PDC). The gateway location register (GLR) is defined for mobile users roaming from the home network to the visited network. The numbering plan includes the mobile subscriber ISDN number, international mobile station identity, location area identity and roaming number. The roaming number is used by the visited network for recognizing the roaming user as a home user, The signaling protocol for the air interface is based on the I interface defined by CCITT; that for the inter-office interface is defined as the mobile application part (MAP), one of three regional MAPs recognized by CCITT. The call connection functions for the roaming user, such as location registration, terminating call connection and originating call connection are described, PDC can be upgraded to an intelligent mobile network (IMN) that can offer universal personal telecommunications (UPT) by applying the concept of terminal mobility management scheme to the personal mobility management scheme and intelligent network (IN) model. The paper also describes the IMN functional model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A digital signal processor for digital audio use (1988)

The authors describe the D/sup 2/SP digital signal processor which is designed with a dual processor architecture, and is especially effective for stereo audio signal processing. The D/sup 2/SP has two independent processor units, the left processor and right processor. The D/sup 2/SP contains an audio data interface, external dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) interface, microcomputer interface, and a sequence controller. The single chip D/sup 2/SP is capable of performing audio signal processing needed for graphic equalizers, surround, and sound power spectrum calculation. The dual processor mainly consists of a 24-bit multiplier with a 108-ns cycle time and is assembled on a single chip fabricated from 1.2- mu m CMOS technology. The total number of integrated transistors is approximately 300 K. Applications, such as use as a seven-band graphic equalizer, seven-band power spectrum calculator, and surround sound processing, are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differences in Symptoms among Adults with Canal versus Otolith Vestibular Dysfunction: A Preliminary Report (2014)

Despite the importance of symptomatology in the diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction, the qualitative nature of the symptoms related to semicircular canal (canal) versus otolith dysfunction is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to compare symptoms, and their severity, in individuals with canal versus otolith peripheral vestibular dysfunction. A subjective tool, the Descriptive Symptom Index (DSI), was developed to enable categorization of symptoms as rotary, linear, imbalance or falls, and nondistinct. Fourteen adults were recruited and grouped based on vestibular function testing: canal only dysfunction, otolith only dysfunction, or canal and otolith dysfunction. Also, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was used to grade the severity of perceived limitations due to symptoms. The DSI was reliable and differentiated those with canal (rotary symptoms) versus otolith (linear symptoms) dysfunction. Most individuals with otolith only dysfunction did not report rotary symptoms. DHI scores were significantly higher in those with otolith dysfunction, regardless of canal functional status. All who experienced falls had otolith dysfunction and none had canal only dysfunction. Results support the importance of using linear and rotary descriptors of perceived disorientation as part of diagnosing vestibular dysfunction.