gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of Telecom application services based on Smart Card (2010)

This paper elaborates the state of the art of the Smart Card development from the perspectives of hardware capability and features extension. It also analyses the potential improvement capability (from the new developing technologies) on the Smart Card. Lastly, we will discuss about the potential services that can be developed by MNOs through the Smart Card technology.
Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy (2008)

Thymopoiesis is essential for development and maintenance of a robust and healthy immune system. Acute thymic atrophy is a complication of many infections, environmental stressors, clinical preparative regimens, and cancer treatments used today. This undesirable sequela can decrease host ability to reconstitute the peripheral T cell repertoire and respond to new antigens. Currently, there are no treatments available to protect against acute thymic atrophy or accelerate recovery, thus leaving the immune system compromised during acute stress events. Several useful murine models are available for mechanistic studies of acute thymic atrophy, including a sepsis model of endotoxin-induced thymic involution. We have identified the IL-6 cytokine gene family members (i.e., leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-6, and oncostatin M) as thymosuppressive agents by the observation that they can acutely involute the thymus when injected into a young, healthy mouse. We have gone on to explore the role of thymosuppressive cytokines and specifically defined a corticosteroid-dependent mechanism of action for the leukemia inhibitory factor in acute thymic atrophy. We also have identified leptin as a novel, thymostimulatory agent that can protect against endotoxin-induced acute thymic atrophy. This review will highlight mechanisms of stress-induced thymic involution and focus on thymosuppressive agents involved in atrophy induction and thymostimulatory agents that may be exploited for therapeutic use.
Adjuvant effect of anti-4-1BB mAb administration in adoptive T cell therapy of cancer (2007)

Administration of anti-4-1BB mAb has been found to be a potent adjuvant when combined with other therapeutic approaches, e.g. chemotherapy, cytokine therapies, anti-OX40 therapy, and peptide or DC vaccines. However, the adjuvant effect of anti-4-1BB mAb administration in adoptive T cell therapy of cancer has not been fully evaluated. In this report, effector T cells were generated in vitro by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activation of tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) cells and used in an adoptive immunotherapy model. While T cells or anti-4-1BB alone showed no therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing macroscopic 10-day pulmonary metastases, T cells plus anti-4-1BB mediated significant tumor regression in an anti-4-1BB dose dependent manner. Mice bearing microscopic 3-day lung metastases treated with T cells alone demonstrated tumor regression which was significantly enhanced by anti-4-1BB administration. NK cell depletion abrogated the augmented therapeutic efficacy rendered by anti-4-1BB. Cell transfer between congenic hosts demonstrated that anti-4-1BB administration increased the survival of adoptively transferred TDLN cells. Using STAT4(-/-) mice, we found that modulated IFN gamma secretion in wt TDLN cells after anti-CD3/CD28/4-1BB activation in vitro was lost in similarly stimulated STAT4(-/-) TDLN cells. Additionally, anti-4-1BB administration failed to augment the therapeutic efficacy of T cell therapy in STAT4(-/-) mice. Together, these results indicate that administered anti-4-1BB mAb can serve as an effective adjuvant to augment the antitumor reactivity of adoptively transferred T cells by recruiting the host NK cells; increasing the persistence of infused effector T cells, and modulating the STAT4 molecular signaling pathway.
Role of recursive estimation in statistical image enhancement (1972)

Recursive linear and nonlinear estimation concepts are applied to the problem of image enhancement, whereby procedures for the derivation of the estimators are developed. These procedures are applicable to enhancement of images characterized statistically by their mean and correlation function. Design of an approximate time invariant and a time varying estimator is discussed and the implications of vector scanning are investigated. Feasibility of the approach is illustrated by means of examples, and the computational advantages are presented.
Mobility of Hydrogen Ions (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>) in Hydrogen (1959)

Force laws for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ are calculated from theory and from results on the scattering of low-velocity ion beams in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas. These results are then used to calculate the mobilities of the hydrogen ions in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas as a function of temperature. The mobilities of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ decrease slightly with increasing temperature, but the mobility of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ increases strongly. The agreement with experiment indicates that the unidentified hydrogen ion whose mobility has been measured is probably ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$, rather than the usually assumed ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$.
Terahertz-frequency waveguide HEB mixers for spectral line astronomy (2012)

We report on the development of waveguide-based mixers for operation beyond 2 THz. The mixer element is a superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Because it is beyond the capability of conventional machining techniques to produce the fine structures required for the waveguide embedding circuit for use at such high frequencies, we employ two lithography-based approaches to produce the waveguide circuit: a metallic micro-plating process akin to 3-D printing and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon micromachining. Various mixer configurations have been successfully produced using these approaches. A single-ended mixer produced by the metal plating technique has been demonstrated with a receiver noise temperature of 970 K (DSB) at a localoscillator frequency of 2.74 THz. A similar mixer, produced using a silicon-based micro-machining technique, has a noise temperature of 2000 K (DSB) at 2.56 THz. In another example, we have successfully produced a waveguide RF hybrid for operation at 2.74 THz. This is a key component in a balanced mixer, a configuration that efficiently utilizes local oscillator power, which is scarce at these frequencies. In addition to allowing us to extend the frequency of operation of waveguide-based receivers beyond 2 THz, these technologies we employ here are amenable to the production of large array receivers, where numerous copies of the same circuit, precisely the same and aligned to each other, are required.
Three-Dimensional Tomosynthesis Reconstruction from 1D and 2D X-ray Source Arrays (2006)

We study the effects of geometric design on the reconstruction of 3D images from an X-ray tomosynthesis system using microfabricated discrete X-ray sources. Carbon-nanotube-based field-emission X-ray sources can be fabricated in arrays; however, little is known about the effects of the geometry of such a system on reconstruction of tomosynthesis data. We produced simulated X-ray projection data for several source array geometries including a 1 times 11 array, and a 3 times 11 array. The phantom simulates a mammography task, with seven 400 mum spheres embedded in a uniformly-absorbing background. Data from both geometries was reconstructed using the ordered-subset convex (OSC) algorithm specially implemented for these array geometries. Reconstruction was performed on an 800 times 800 (lateral) times 20 (depth) array of noncubic voxels of size 200 mum times 200 mum (lateral) times 2.5 mm (depth). Contrast, resolution, and noise measurements on the reconstructed spheres were used to compare results from the different geometries. The reconstruction from the 2D array had higher contrast than that from the 1D array, but the 2D array image also suffered from higher levels of noise for the same total exposure. The contrast-to-noise ratio for the 2D array, was 5-17% higher than the 1D array. Other studies showed that staggering a 2D array is beneficial, and that increasing the density of sources is detrimental after a certain optimal density is reached We conclude that, in a tomosynthesis system such as that described here, a 2D source array will outperform a 1D array in terms of contrast-to-noise and resolution, while also increasing the usable field-of-view, and that further studies encompassing the effects of scatter will be needed to optimize such systems.
137 EFFECT OF FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE IN CO-CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO MATURED AND FERTILIZED BOVINE EMBRYOS (2004)

PG concentration is often increased during uterine manipulation with embryo transfer. Embryo viability is affected by the increase in the PGF2a concentration accompanying manipulation of the uterus during embryo transfer. Schrick et al. (2001 Theriogenology 55, 370 abst) observed that treatment with flunixin meglumine, an inhibitor of prostaglandin, increased pregnancy rates depending on the stage and quality of embryos transferred. On the other hand, prostaglandin was secreted by a cumulus cell monolayer in an in vitro culture of bovine oocytes. The present study aimed to assess the effects of flunixin meglumine in culture medium on the development of in vitro-matured and fertilized bovine embryos. COCs were collected from ovaries of slaughtered cows by aspiration. The COCs were matured for 20 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics at 38.5°C under an atmosphere of 2% CO2 in air. Matured COCs were inseminated with 1.0 × 107 sperm mL-1 in BO medium (Brackett and Oliphant 1975 Biol. Reprod. 12, 260–274) containing 5 mM theophillin and 5 µg mL-1 heparin for 5 h. All of the inseminated oocytes were introduced into the maturation medium that had been kept with the cumulus cells in the CO2 incubator. At 48 h after insemination, all embryos over the 4-cell stage were cultured in TCM-199 plus 5% FBS supplemented with each of five concentrations of flunixin meglumine (0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.025%) with a cumulus cell monolayer. Development to the blastocyst stage and quality were examined at Days 7 to 8 (Day 0 = day of insemination) using a microscope. The experiment was replicated four times. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test. The total blastocyst rates from the over-4-cell embryos were 61.2 (52/89), 53.7 (44/89), 65.6 (59/90), 57.3 (51/89), and 33.7% (31/92) for 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.025%, flunixin meglumine, respectively. The total blastocyst rate with the flunixin meglumine concentration of 0.025% was significantly lower than those with the other concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of grade 1 blastocysts with the flunixin meglumine concentration of 0.005% was significantly higher than that with the 0, 0.0025, and 0.025% concentrations (27.8 vs 11.2, 14.6, and 5.4%; P &lt; 0.05). Our present results show that the addition of 0.005% flunixin meglumine to the co-culture medium is positively associated with blastocyst quality in bovine embryos.
Interdigitated Structures in Phospholipid Membranes (1991)

Effects of ethanol on phosphatidylcholine dispersions have been investigated with an automated scanning density meter. On increasing the ethanol concentration in the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine dispersions, an interdigitated gel phase appeared between the gel phase and the ripple phase. And substitution effect of hydrogen oxide by deuterium oxide has been examined on thermotropic transition between the interdigitated gel phase and the ripple phase of dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine. The mechanism is also discussed from a thermodynamical viewpoint.
Adsorption chromatography of proteins on controlled‐pore glass (1980)

Abstract Adsorption chromatography on controlled‐pore glass was investigated by a pH‐gradient elution system in glycine buffer using standard proteins and rabbit serum. The pattern on the glass was similar to those on carboxymethylcellulose but there were some differences which might be derived from a cooperative aggregative force between glass and proteins.
Exploring software cities in virtual reality (2015)

Software visualizations, such as the software city metaphor, are usually displayed on 2D screens and controlled by means of a mouse and thus often do not take advantage of more natural interaction techniques. Virtual reality (VR) approaches aim to improve the user experience. Emerging new technologies, like the Oculus Rift, dramatically enhance the VR experience at an affordable price. Therefore, new technologies have the potential to provide even higher immersion - and thus benefits - than previous VR approaches.
Microinjection of synthetic amyloid beta-protein in monkey cerebral cortex fails to produce acute neurotoxicity. (1993)

The cerebral deposition of amyloid beta protein (A beta P) is an early pathogenetic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest both neurotoxic and neurotrophic effects of A beta P in vitro. Because progressive A beta P deposition and surrounding neuritic dystrophy occur spontaneously in primates, we evaluated the in vivo effects of synthetic A beta P in monkey cortex. Experimental and control (reverse or substituted) peptides were stereotactically injected into multiple neocortical sites of adult rhesus monkeys in a vehicle of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid or acetonitrile. After 2 weeks, all injection sites were identified and characterized. A beta P antibodies specifically detected the injected A beta P1-40 peptide. Serial sections stained with silver and antineurofilament protein demonstrated comparable degrees of degenerating neurons, dystrophic neurites, and axonal spheroids associated with both experimental and control peptide injections. Alz 50 staining was sparse or absent in all sites. Similar results were obtained in an animal killed 3 months after injection. We conclude that specific cellular changes closely resembling the pathology of Alzheimer's disease were not detected in these acute experiments, and that control and experimental A beta P peptides produced indistinguishable effects.
Phoneme recognition using speech image (spectrogram) (2002)

In this paper a novel feature extraction technique based on the two-dimensional DCT (discrete cosine transform) and zigzag scanning of the spectrogram is proposed. This is in contrast to conventional approaches based on single dimension analysis such as LPC, cepstral, or FFT. As a phoneme recognition task, a series of experiments were conducted on the voice stops ('b', 'd', 'g') of the TIMIT database uttered by 630 speakers (male and female). The extracted data form the basis for input patterns for training two types of neural networks, the semi-dynamic network (TDNN), and a static network (MLP). The highest recognition rates of 77.5 and 72.4 percent were recorded for TDNN and MLP respectively. This contrasts with results of 72 percent quoted by Hwang et al. (1992) for the same phonemes spoken by 40 females.
On the performance of turbo product codes and LDPC codes over partial-response channels (2002)

We investigate the performance of low density parity check (LDPC) codes, single-parity turbo product codes (TPC/SPC) and multi-parity turbo product codes (TPC/MPC) over various partial response channels (PR) encountered in magnetic and magneto-optical (MO) recording systems, like PR4/EPR4 and PR1/PR2 channels. The codes have similarity in structures and can be decoded using simple message-passing algorithms. We show that the combination of a TPC/SPC code and a precoded PR channel results in good distance spectrum due to interleaving gain. Density evolution is then used to compute the thresholds for TPC/SPC and LDPC codes over PR channels. Through analysis and through simulations, we show the three types of codes yield comparable bit error rate performance with similar complexity, but they exhibit quite different error statistics, which in turn may result in sharp differences in block failure rate after the Reed-Solomon error correction code (RS-ECC).
Stuck? No worries!: Task-aware Command Recommendation and Proactive Help for Analysts (2019)

Data analytics software applications have become an integral part of the decision-making process of analysts. Users of such a software face challenges due to insufficient product and domain knowledge, and find themselves in need of help. To alleviate this, we propose a task-aware command recommendation system, to guide the user on what commands could be executed next. We rely on topic modeling techniques to incorporate information about user's task into our models. We also present a help prediction model to detect if a user is in need of help, in which case the system proactively provides the aforementioned command recommendations. We leverage the log data of a web-based analytics software to quantify the superior performance of our neural models, in comparison to competitive baselines.
Case II swelling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in organic solvents (1981)

The swelling kinetics of crystalline PET films in chloroform–n-hexane mixtures were examined as a function of chloroform concentration. With increasing concentration, the swelling mechanism varied from Fickian to Case II behavior. The dependence of the swelling mechanism on the equilibrium uptake and activation energy for swelling were thoroughly compatible with those presented by other workers. From a viewpoint of superposition of Fickian and Case II swelling, the intermediate swelling between the above two limiting cases was analyzed by Kwei's equation. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficient obtained was remarkably smaller than that presented for the swollen amorphous polymer. The magnitude of the penetration velocity is also discussed in comparison with the data for amorphous polymer.
Modern approaches to file system integrity checking (2008)

One of the means to detect intruderpsilas activity is to trace all unauthorized changes in a file system. Programs which fulfill this functionality are called file integrity checkers. This paper concerns modern approach to file system integrity checking. It reviews architecture of popular systems that are widely used in production environment as well as scientific projects, which not only detect intruders but also take actions to stop their activity. The concept and architecture of ICAR system (integrity checking and restoring system), which we are developing, will be presented. The ICAR System not only covers functionality of integrity checkers but also automatically restores files, which were modified by the intruder. ICAR has been designed as kernel module of the operating system and it uses read-only devices to store data. The article can prove useful to the operating systems users, that are interested in securing their data and system configuration.
Di(isopropylprenyl)borane: A New Hydroboration Reagent for the Synthesis of Alkyl and Alkenyl Boronic Acids (2003)

The best of the old: The new hydroboration reagent 1 combines the selectivity of disiamylborane (2) with the reactivity towards carbonyls of allyl boranes 3. Conventional oxidative workup conditions are avoided, as facile hydrolysis in protic media provides the corresponding boronic acids with up to 99 % anti-Markovnikov selectivities. A one-pot hydroboration/Suzuki–Miyaura protocol adds to the synthetic value of 1.
Porous silicon formation: A quantum wire effect (1991)

Porous silicon layers grown on nondegenerated p-type silicon electrodes in hydrofluoric acid electrolytes are translucent for visible light, which is equivalent to an increased band gap compared to bulk silicon. It will be shown that a two-dimensional quantum confinement (quantum wire) in the very narrow walls between the pores not only explains the change in band-gap energy but may also be the key to better understanding the dissolution mechanism that leads to porous silicon formation.
Involvement of protein kinase C in TNFalpha regulation of trabecular matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs. (2001)

The PKA and PI3K pathways appear not to be involved directly in transducing this TNFalpha signal, but at least one isoform of PKC seems to be required. Based on the inhibitor profiles and the downregulation and translocation studies, PKC(mu) appears to be critical in transducing this signal. Unraveling the remaining steps in this and in additional related TM signal-transduction pathways may provide targets for developing improved glaucoma treatments.
Poverty and language development: roles of parenting and stress. (2013)

Socioeconomic status affects a variety of mental and physical health outcomes, such as language development. Indeed, with poverty, disparities in the development of language processing are arguably among the most consistently found- with decreases in vocabulary, phonological awareness, and syntax at many different developmental stages. In this review, after considering basic brain systems affected by low socioeconomic status that are important for language development and related peripartum issues, we focus on two theoretical models that link poverty with the brain systems affected in language problems. The family stress model connects poverty with parental emotional distress that affects parenting, whereas the parental investment model involves a focus on basic needs that affects children's language. Understanding the mechanisms through which poverty affects the brain, parenting behaviors and language development may have implications for identification and treatment of individuals as well as social policy.
Conception control by plastic cervix cap. (1944)

The cervical cap whose plastic dome adheres to the vaginal fornices is as effective a contraceptive device as the vaginal diaphragm when self-inserted. It provides continuous harmless protection throughout the menstrual cycle provided patients are properly selected and their tolerance verified. Inflammatory complications and development of cervical carcinoma have been absent in women using these caps. The accumulation of menstrual fluid has been reported causing abdominal discomfort or relapse of old adnexal infections. The best practice is to leave the device in place overnight following coitus or to remove it after coitus and douche immediately. Demand and satisfaction on the part of clientele who choose the cap over other methods indicate that it holds potential for individual acts of coitus, for protracted lengths of time in the vagina and for special indications.
Nef Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity and Replication Independently of Viral Coreceptor Tropism (2002)

We investigated the infectivities and replicative capacities of a large panel of variants of the molecular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NL4-3 clone that differ exclusively in the V3 region of the viral envelope glycoprotein and the nef gene. Our results demonstrate that Nef enhances virion infectivity and HIV-1 replication independently of the viral coreceptor tropism.