gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-Insensitive Phase Trimming of Silica-Based Waveguide Using 193- and 244-nm UV Irradiation (2009)

In this paper, we describe polarization-insensitive phase trimming of silica-based waveguides with both 193- and 244-nm ultraviolet (UV) light and the trimming of both phase error and polarization dependence. A wide beam of 193-nm UV light from an ArF excimer laser is useful for phase trimming multiple waveguides. We utilize stress-release grooves to control birefringence generation while phase trimming, and we reduce the birefringence change during refractive index change by 95%. At the same time, we found that this grooved structure enhances the refractive index increase with UV light. We also utilize 244-nm UV light from a frequency doubled Ar ion laser with high space coherence, which is suitable for trimming the phase error of a single waveguide. We control UV-induced birefringence by controlling the size of the 244-nm laser beam light, and we reduce the birefringence change during phase trimming by 98%. In addition, we investigate the change in the refractive index and stress distribution of our waveguide when UV light is irradiated, and discuss the differences of polarization-insensitive phase trimming between 193- and 244-nm UV light. Finally, we utilize these techniques to eliminate the polarization-dependent phase error of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We successfully demonstrate the individual trimming of the center wavelength and its polarization dependence.
MONITORING PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURES (1976)

SUSAN L. WOODS, R.N., M.N., is an instructor in the Department of Physiological Nursing. University of Washington, Seattle.
An Analytical Continuous-Curvature Path-Smoothing Algorithm (2010)

An efficient and analytical continuous-curvature path-smoothing algorithm, which fits an ordered sequence of waypoints generated by an obstacle-avoidance path planner, is proposed. The algorithm is based upon parametric cubic Bézier curves; thus, it is inherently closed-form in its expression, and the algorithm only requires the maximum curvature to be defined. The algorithm is, thus, computational efficient and easy to implement. Results show the effectiveness of the analytical algorithm in generating a continuous-curvature path, which satisfies an upper bound-curvature constraint, and that the path generated requires less control effort to track and minimizes control-input variability.
Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER stress and innate immune responses (2022)

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for new treatments. Here we report that cannabidiol (CBD) inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cells and mice. CBD and its metabolite 7-OH-CBD, but not THC or other congeneric cannabinoids tested, potently block SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung epithelial cells. CBD acts after viral entry, inhibiting viral gene expression and reversing many effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host gene transcription. CBD inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in part by up-regulating the host IRE1α RNase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and interferon signaling pathways. In matched groups of human patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, CBD (100 mg/ml oral solution per medical records) had a significant negative association with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. This study highlights CBD as a potential preventative agent for early-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection and merits future clinical trials. We caution against use of non-medical formulations including edibles, inhalants or topicals as a preventative or treatment therapy at the present time.
Optical waveguides in GaAs-AlGaAs epitaxial layers (1973)

Optical transmission properties are described for two types of waveguides formed in AlxGa1−xAs–GaAs–Alx Ga1−xAs epitaxial layers. The first consists of long smooth‐walled mesas formed by a masking and etching procedure and the second are obtained using an additional etching step to selectively etch the GaAs layer. The latter structure is potentially useful in forming active devices such as modulators since this structure is self‐masking for contacting of the top layer by conventional evaporation techniques. The waveguide dimensions are typically 1–30 μm wide, [sine wave] 1 μm thick, and several mm in length. The transmission measurements are quite similar for both types of guides with attenuation as low as [inverted lazy s]2 cm−1 in wide ([inverted lazy s]20 μm) guides but with losses increasing with decreasing width. The loss appears to arise from imperfections and compositional inhomogeneities in the epitaxial layers.
Studying the Recent Improvements in Holograms for Three-Dimensional Display (2014)

Displayers tend to become three-dimensional. The most advantage of holographic 3D displays is the possibility to observe 3D images without using glasses. The quality of created images by this method has surprised everyone. In this paper, the experimental steps of making a transmission hologram have been mentioned. In what follows, current advances of this science-art will be discussed. The aim of this paper is to study the recent improvements in creating three-dimensional images and videos by means of holographic techniques. In the last section we discuss the potentials of holography to be applied in future.
A miniaturized Wilkinson power divider with CMOS active inductors (2005)

A miniaturized Wilkinson power divider implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process is presented in this letter. By using active inductors for the circuit implementation, a significant area reduction can be achieved due to the absence of distributed components and spiral inductors. The power divider is designed at a center frequency of 4.5GHz for equal power dividing with all ports matched to 50/spl Omega/. Drawing a dc current of 9.3mA from a 1.8-V supply voltage, the fabricated circuit exhibits an insertion loss less than 0.16dB and a return loss better than 30dB at the center frequency while maintaining good isolation between the output ports. The active area of the miniaturized Wilkinson power divider is 150×100μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is suitable for system integration in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) applications.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF TRABECULAR PATTERNS : FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS (1991)

The classification, proposed by the Jikei University School of Medicine, is widely used as criteria for the atrophy of the bone, when a doctor has diagnosed osteoporosis. Some authors criticize this classification. They believe that there are not enough steps for evaluation and that it is too subjective. Using digital image processing, we can evaluate the trabecular patterns quantitatively, by a spectral analysis of the patterns on the lateral view of lumbar vertebrae. Also, we can add an objective base to the classification. Some simulated patterns and radiographs of patients were examined with the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and with the Maximum entropy method (MEM). The results of our study indicate that we can evaluate the spatial frequency of the peak using MEM, and that the peak values can be evaluated by FFT. Our method will offer useful information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles (2015)

Cationic amphiphiles derived from aminoglycosides (AGs) have been shown to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity. Through the attachment of hydrophobic residues such as linear alkyl chains on the AG backbone, interesting antibacterial and antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of action have been developed. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of seven kanamycin B (KANB) derivatives. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities, along with resistance/enzymatic, hemolytic, and cytotoxicity assays were also studied. Two of these compounds, with a C12 and C14 aliphatic chain attached at the 6″-position of KANB through a thioether linkage, exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activity, were poorer substrates than KANB for several AG-modifying enzymes, and could delay the development of resistance in bacteria and fungi. Also, they were both relatively less hemolytic than the known membrane targeting antibiotic gramicidin and the known antifungal agent amphotericin B and were not toxic at their antifungal MIC values. Their oxidation to sulfones was also demonstrated to have no effect on their activities. Moreover, they both acted synergistically with posaconazole, an azole currently used in the treatment of human fungal infections.
Finding the right cross-correlation peak for locating sounds in multipath environments with a fourth-moment function (2000)

To locate calling animals in reverberant environments from recordings on widely separated receivers, a fourth-moment "Augmented-Template Correlation Function" (ATCF) helps identify which of many peaks in each cross-correlation function is that corresponding to the difference in travel times for the first arrivals (reference-lag). This peak may not be the largest. The ATCF, by providing an approximate correlation between auto- and cross-correlation functions, can be orders of magnitude more efficient in selecting the reference-lag than the alternative of randomly selecting peaks. The ATCF's efficacy increases with the number of paths and their signal-to-noise ratios.
Electroactive polymers (EAP) as actuators for potential future planetary mechanisms (2004)

In the last fifteen years a series of electroactive polymers (EAP) materials have emerged that exhibit a significant shape or size change in response to electrical stimulation. These materials have the closest response similarity to biological muscles enabling to engineer novel capabilities that were considered until recently science fiction ideas. Initially, EAP received relatively little attention due to their limited actuation capability. Recent progress led to dramatic improvements in the capability of these materials and efforts are underway to address the many challenges that are hampering the practical application of these materials. Various novel mechanisms and devices were already demonstrated including robot fish, catheter steering element, robotic arm, gripper, loudspeaker, active diaphragm, and dust-wiper. For developers of future planetary mechanisms the flexibility, fracture toughness, low mass and low power requirements of these materials are offering numerous advantages. This paper provides background about these materials and it includes a review of the state of the art, challenges and potential applications of these materials for future space missions.
Hierarchical SDN orchestration for multi-technology multi-domain networks with hierarchical ABNO (2015)

Hierarchical SDN Orchestration is used in order to handle SDN network orchestration scalability and security. A parent/child SDN Orchestrator architecture based on Applications-Based Network Operations (ABNO) is proposed and experimentally validated.
Synthesis and Reactions of 4-Neopentyl-5-t-butyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Reactions of 4-Neopentyl-5-t-butyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thionePHILLIP S. LANDIS and LYLE A. HAMILTONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 10, 1742–1744Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01080a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01080a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of Systemic Resistance in Plants by Biochar, a Soil-Applied Carbon Sequestering Agent (2010)

Biochar is the solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, a technique used for carbon-negative production of second-generation biofuels. The biochar can be applied as a soil amendment, where it permanently sequesters carbon from the atmosphere as well as improves soil tilth, nutrient retention, and crop productivity. In addition to its other benefits in soil, we found that soil-applied biochar induces systemic resistance to the foliar fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Leveillula taurica (powdery mildew) on pepper and tomato and to the broad mite pest (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) on pepper. Levels of 1 to 5% biochar in a soil and a coconut fiber-tuff potting medium were found to be significantly effective at suppressing both diseases in leaves of different ages. In long-term tests (105 days), pepper powdery mildew was significantly less severe in the biochar-treated plants than in the plants from the unamended controls although, during the final 25 days, the rate of disease development in the treatments and controls was similar. Possible biochar-related elicitors of systemic induced resistance are discussed.
Angiogenic mechanisms of endothelialization of cardiovascular implants: a review of recent investigative strategies (2000)

Both cardiovascular implants and therapeutic interventions on native arteries fail due to biologic responses occurring at the blood/prosthesis/arterial wall and tissue/prosthesis/arterial wall interfaces, resulting in the failure modes of thrombosis and myointimal hyperplasia. Systemic pharmacologic approaches including use of anti-coagulant and anti-platelet agents have significant untoward side effects and have not resulted in a dramatic impact on failure modes in many applications, including small diameter vascular grafts. Local delivery of therapeutic agents via surface attachment with defined release kinetics may alter thrombogenicity and/or myointimal hyperplasia. Therapeutic agents may include a spectrum of biologic agents from peptides to endothelial cells. Efficient attachment and release of these agents in biologically active form is dependent upon improved methods of surface modification. The intended action of the biologic agent may similarly be impacted by the surface and bulk characteristics of the underlying biomaterial. It is often assumed, without concrete data. that surface re-endothelialization may have a beneficial impact on both thrombogenicity and myointimal hyperplasia. New clinical data on endothelial cell seeding has been supportive. Spontaneous re-endothelialization may be stimulated via an induced directed angiogenesis resulting in trans-interstitial capillarization and surface endothelialization. Recent advances in therapeutic angiogenesis have suggested the power of angiogenic factors to induce neovascularization of ischemic tissue beds. These concepts have been used to surface modify prosthetic devices with either VEGF or FGF and both in vitro and animal data suggest a potent stimulation of surface re-endothelialization. Neither of these growth factors is likely to be ideal. VEGF is relatively endothelial cell specific but is a relatively weak endothelial cell mitogen. FGF-1 and FGF-2 are more potent mitogens but are less cell specific. Recent work has led to the generation of mutant growth factors via site-induced mutagenesis and results of several such FGF mutants on endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferative response have been studied. The use of 'designer growth factors' on cardiovascular implants and on manipulated native vessels may have a significant positive impact on re-endothelialization and thereby on the failure modes of thrombosis and myointimal hyperplasia.
Trans-mitochondrial coordination of cristae at regulated membrane junctions (2015)

Reminiscent of bacterial quorum sensing, mammalian mitochondria participate in inter-organelle communication. However, physical structures that enhance or enable interactions between mitochondria have not been defined. Here we report that adjacent mitochondria exhibit coordination of inner mitochondrial membrane cristae at inter-mitochondrial junctions (IMJs). These electron-dense structures are conserved across species, resistant to genetic disruption of cristae organization, dynamically modulated by mitochondrial bioenergetics, independent of known inter-mitochondrial tethering proteins mitofusins and rapidly induced by the stable rapprochement of organelles via inducible synthetic linker technology. At the associated junctions, the cristae of adjacent mitochondria form parallel arrays perpendicular to the IMJ, consistent with a role in electrochemical coupling. These IMJs and associated cristae arrays may provide the structural basis to enhance the propagation of intracellular bioenergetic and apoptotic waves through mitochondrial networks within cells.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by iron(III) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by iron(III)Jinhuang Xu and R. B. JordanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 25, 4563–4566Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00298a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00298a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of <i>p</i> -Toluidine in Chromogenic Detection of Catechol and Protocatechuate, Diphenolic Intermediates in Catabolism of Aromatic Compounds (1992)

In the presence of p-toluidine and iron, protocatechuate and catechols yield color. Inclusion of p-toluidine in media facilitates the screening of microbial strains for alterations affecting aromatic catabolism. Such strains include mutants affected in the expression of oxygenases and Escherichia coli colonies carrying cloned or subcloned aromatic catabolic genes which encode enzymes giving rise to protocatechuate or catechol. The diphenolic detection system can also be applied to the creation of vectors relying on insertion of cloned DNA into one of the latter marker genes.
Scope and impact of allergic rhinitis. (2002)

Allergic rhinitis is estimated to affect as many as 40 million people in the United States on a regular basis, and even more individuals who have occasional symptoms. The disease is associated with a considerable burden on the healthcare system, accounting for a total of $7.9 billion in direct and indirect costs in 1997, and with significant adverse effects on patients' quality of life, including disturbed sleep and impaired function at work and school. The pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis is complex, involving inflammatory mediators and immune cells that produce allergy symptoms via multiple mechanisms. The first principle of clinical management of patients with allergic rhinitis is avoidance of exposure to allergens, but this measure can be very difficult, and most patients require pharmacotherapy. Allergy vaccine therapy may be an appropriate and necessary option in selected patients with allergies refractory to other treatment modalities.
A Cmos Serial Link For 1 Gbaud Fully Duplexed Data Communication (2005)

This paper describes a CMOS serial link allowing fully duplexed 1 Gbaud serial data communication. The bidirectional serial link comprises a transmitter, a bidirectional bridge, an impedance matching circuit, a 4 GHz data oversampler, and a digital PLL. Fully duplexed serial data communication is realized by the bidirectional bridge and process- independent clock and data recovery is accomplished by the digital PLL. A single channel serial link and a charge pump PLL are integrated in a chip. The chip is fabricated using 1.2 pm CMOS process technology. INTRODUCTION Today, data rates become higher on various data communication fields. A high speed bidirectional serial link is a robust, low-cost solution to the high data rate requirements of chip-to-chip, board-to-board, and system- to-system communication. The bidirectional serial link can be applied to processor-to-processor communications, graphics super computers, and I-IDTV, which require the highest data rate, and also to various I/O channels, LANs, satellite, fiber data communications. This paper proposes a CMOS bidirectional serial link allowing fully duplexed data transfers at 1 Gbaud.
Amyloid <i>β</i> -Peptide (1–42)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Importance in Disease Pathogenesis and Progression (2012)

Further studies are needed to address whether the therapies directed toward brain oxidative stress and oxidatively modified key brain proteins might help delay or prevent the progression of AD.
Synthesis of Metal‐Carbonyl–Dendrimer–Antibody Immunoconjugates: Towards a New Format for Carbonyl Metallo Immunoassay (2004)

We report the preparation of metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody conjugates. These metal-carbonyl-multilabeled antibodies are designed to be used in a new solid-phase-format carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA). A fourth-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer was labeled with 10-25 (eta5-cyclopentadienyl)iron dicarbonyl (eta1-N-succinimidyl) entities. An antibody was chemically modified at its carbohydrate chains by a site-directed process used to preserve the antigen-antibody binding site. The antibody was then coupled with the dendrimer labeled with 10 metal carbonyl groups. An average of 1.4 labeled dendrimers were grafted per antibody molecule. These metal-carbonyl-dendrimer-antibody conjugates were used as new universal detection reagents that recognize their specific antigens. The antigens were spotted onto nitrocellulose membranes and detected by using the conjugates in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A detection level in the range 5-200 pmol per membrane was achieved. This approach opens the way to a new CMIA format.