gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Gene Expression in Adaptation to Oxidative Stress (1993)

SummaryTransient adaptation to an acute oxidative stress is a genetically regulated property of facultative bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Experimentally, an initial exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide is found to provide significant protection against a subsequent exposure to concentrations that would normally be lethal. Such adaptation is short-term (disappearing within one cell division) and relies upon RNA synthesis and protein synthesis, but does not require DNA replication. Some 30–40 proteins are overexpressed during the bacterial response to hydrogen peroxide or superoxide, and some 20–30 proteins exhibit increased expression in eucaryotes: At least some of these shock or stress proteins are thought to impart the induced resistance to oxidative stress. Four oxidative stress regulons have so far been described in bacteria and at least one antioxidant responsive element is operative in the mammalian genome. Oxidative stress signals appear to be transduced via altered interactions of specific DNA binding proteins with nucleotide target sequences or loci within stress-inducible genes. Efforts are underway to further explain the mechanisms of signal transduction involved in activation of transcription and translation during oxidative stress.
Ballistics Projectile Image Analysis for Firearm Identification (2006)

This paper is based upon the observation that, when a bullet is fired, it creates characteristic markings on the cartridge case and projectile. From these markings, over 30 different features can be distinguished, which, in combination, produce a "fingerprint" for a firearm. By analyzing features within such a set of firearm fingerprints, it will be possible to identify not only the type and model of a firearm, but also each and every individual weapon just as effectively as human fingerprint identification. A new analytic system based on the fast Fourier transform for identifying projectile specimens by the line-scan imaging technique is proposed in this paper. This paper develops optical, photonic, and mechanical techniques to map the topography of the surfaces of forensic projectiles for the purpose of identification. Experiments discussed in this paper are performed on images acquired from 16 various weapons. Experimental results show that the proposed system can be used for firearm identification efficiently and precisely through digitizing and analyzing the fired projectiles specimens.
Voice over DSL (2000)

DOI: 10.1049/ic:20000109 Location: London, UK Conference date: 26 Jan. 2000 Format: PDF (15 pages)
Stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by muscarinic agonist in a murine intestinal endocrine cell line. (1994)

Studies on the cholinergic regulation of intestinal L-cells have been focused on the release of enteroglucagon, but the signal transduction pathways were not defined. These were here investigated by using as index the release of immunoreactive glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the endocrine cell line STC-1, that has been shown to contain proglucagon mRNA transcripts. Abundant GLP-1 immunoreactivity was revealed in STC-1 cells at immunocytochemistry and by RIA. The cell content was 4927 +/- 689 pg/10(6) cells, as measured with antiserum 199D that recognizes specifically the C-terminal amidated forms of GLP-1. The secretion of GLP-1 over a 2-h incubation period amounted to 1.4 +/- 0.3% of the total GLP-1 cell content and was significantly increased by 10 microM forskolin and 100 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate to 206% and 574% of control values, respectively. The cholinergic agonist carbachol stimulated GLP-1 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, maximal release was observed at 1 mM carbachol (228% of the control value). Binding of the muscarinic antagonist [N-methyl-]scopolamine ([3H]NMS) on cell homogenates was time dependent, specific, and saturable. Scatchard analysis revealed one class of receptors (Kd, 14 pM; binding capacity, 20 fmol/mg protein). Carbachol (0.1 microM to 1 mM) dose dependently displaced [3H] NMS binding and increased the intracellular calcium concentration without modification of adenylate cyclase activity. The order of potency of different antagonists, showing a preferential affinity for M1, M2, and M3 muscarinic receptor subtypes, to inhibit [3H]NMS binding, the carbachol-induced increase in intracellular calcium, and carbachol-stimulated GLP-1 secretion, was as follows: atropine (nonselective) > 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (M3) > pirenzepine (M1) > AF-DX 116 (M2). The results of the present study, therefore, demonstrate that secretion of GLP-1 induced by cholinergic agonist depends on muscarinic M3-subtype receptors in the endocrine intestinal cell line STC-1. This system may prove useful to study the cellular mechanisms of GLP-1 secretion.
Expressive prosody for unit-selection speech synthesis (2006)

Current unit selection speech synthesis voices cannot produce emphasis or interrogative contours because of a lack of the necessary prosodic variation in the recorded speech database.A method of recording script design is proposed which addresses this shortcoming.Appropriate components were added to the target cost function of the Festival Multisyn engine, and a perceptual evaluation showed a clear preference over the baseline system.
New MMIC approach for low noise high order active filters (2005)

This paper presents a new design approach for achieving microwave active filters, based on actively coupled resonators. The method, dedicated to narrowband and wideband filtering applications, associates core cells with different resonance frequencies, adjusted separately, to synthesize Butterworth, Chebyshev or other all-pole approximation. It is illustrated by two chips: - a 3-pole band pass filter centered at 12GHz characterized by 15.5 dB gain, a 3dB bandwidth of 1.8 GHz and rejection better than 15 dB at 1.1 GHz to the 3dB band limits - a 5-pole bandpass filter centered at 14GHz, a 3dB bandwidth of 1.6 GHz, a gain as high as 30 dB, and a low noise figure (less than 3 dB in the whole band). Its rejection is better than 37 dB at 1.1 GHz off the 3dB band.
Remote measurement of in-vivo toothbrushing forces as a clinical tool for dental hygiene purposes (2002)

The design of an electric pressure-sensitive toothbrush, capable of measuring the forces applied to the head of the brush, through the bristle axis, during toothbrushing is described. Brushing forces are measured by a differential strain gauge cantilever bridge. Acquired data are processed through a programmable microcontroller for relay by a miniature UHF radio transmitter to a remote personal computer for graphical display. Modern microelectronic manufacturing allows the force-measuring apparatus, radio transmitter and power source to be fitted within the casing of a commercially-available electric toothbrush. The graphical display is a plot of absolute force (g) with time over a 2 min brushing period. The instrument was conceived to aid dental care personnel in patient education and instruction in oral hygiene, with the particular aim of preventing tissue damage from excessive brushing pressures.
TrustLP: A trust-based localization protocol for wireless sensor networks (2015)

Devising a protocol for computing the location of a sensor in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a protocol for computing the location of a sensor that is part of a WSN. The proposed protocol is based on the extent of the trust contained in the reply messages sent by the neighboring sensors that are either anchors or already localized nodes against the request messages sent by the node intending to localize itself. The proposed protocol is distributed, localized, and asynchronous. It does not require any prior knowledge of the topology of the network. The computational and communication complexities of the proposed protocol are O(E) and O(2E + V), respectively, where E is the number of links and V is the number of nodes in the network. The proposed protocol provides a significant improvement in terms of the computational and communication overhead over the existing protocols.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids promote the expansion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells by activating the <scp>JAK</scp>/<scp>STAT</scp>3 pathway (2013)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert immunosuppressive effects that could prove beneficial in clinical therapies for certain autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the mechanism of PUFA-mediated immunosuppression is far from understood. Here, we provide evidence that PUFAs enhance the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a negative immune regulator. PUFA-induced MDSCs have a more potent suppressive effect on T-cell responses than do control MDSCs. These observations were found both in cultured mouse bone marrow cells in vitro and in vivo in mice fed diets enriched in PUFAs. The enhanced suppressive activity of MDSCs by PUFAs administration was coupled with a dramatic induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleo- tide phosphate oxidase subunit p47(phox) and was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mechanistic studies revealed that PUFAs mediate its effects through JAK-STAT3 signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by JAK inhibitor JSI-124 almost completely abrogated the effects of PUFAs on MDSCs. Moreover, the effects of PUFAs on MDSCs and the underlying mechanisms were confirmed in tumor-bearing mice. In summary, this study sheds new light on the immune modulatory role of PUFAs, and demonstrates that MDSCs expansion may mediate the effects of PUFAs on the immune system.
High-resolution miniature FTIR spectrometer enabled by a large linear travel MEMS pop-up mirror (2009)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a millimeter diameter, surface micromachined Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) mirror, which is assembled perpendicular to the substrate and can be linearly and repeatedly traversed through 600 μm. The moving mirror, when combined with a fixed mirror and beamsplitter, make up a monolithic MEMS Michelson interferometer; all are made on the same substrate and in the same surface micromachined fabrication process. The beamsplitter has been specifically designed such that the motion of the mirror enables modulation of light over the 2-14 μm spectral region. The rapid scan MEMS Michelson interferometer is the engine behind a miniaturized, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectrometer. The FTIR measures the absorption of infrared (IR) radiation by a target material, which can be used for the detection and identification of gases, liquids, or solids. The fabrication of the mirror with the ability to displace 600 μm along the optical axis enables the miniaturized system to have species identification resolution, while leveraging wafer scale batch fabrication to enable extremely low system cost. The successful fabrication of the millimeter diameter mirrors and beamsplitter with interferometric alignment over the range of travel of the moving mirror promises unprecedented sensitivity relative to the size of the FTIR spectrometer system.
Autophagy and Neurodegeneration (2006)

The proteasome and lysosome are sophisticated apparatuses capable of shredding unnecessary proteins in eukaryotic cells. The proteasome and its partner ubiquitin (which functions as a destination signal for proteolysis) play crucial roles in selective breakdown of not only short-lived regulatory proteins but also abnormal proteins that need to be rapidly eliminated from the cells. It is generally accepted that deficits of the proteasome-ubiquitin system are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, since ubiquitin-positive inclusions frequently appear in neurons of patients and mice models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, investigators working in the field of neuronal diseases have focused their attention in recent years on autophagy (Greek for "the eating of oneself") following the recent discovery that ablation of autophagy leads to accumulation of ubiquitin-positive inclusions, which are the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the consequences of autophagy deficiency in neurons.
A new sensor for trench depth monitoring: the TDM 200 (2004)

A New Polarimetric method for trench depth monitoring in micromachining applications is presented. As compared to the previous innovative and patented Twin-Spot interferometric technique developed by the Thin Film Division of Jobin Yvon, this new method allows an absolute and accurate trench depth monitoring suitable for Bosch process with no external triggering.
An assessment of eddy current sensitivity and correction in single-shot diffusion-weighted imaging (2000)

Artefacts caused by eddy currents are a major problem in diffusion weighted imaging. This is particularly acute in experiments in which a number of images with differing degrees of diffusion weighting and/or differently oriented diffusion-weighting gradients need to be combined. The echo-planar imaging sequence is particularly sensitive to the effects of residual eddy currents, especially due to the low bandwidth in the phase-encoding direction. Two published schemes are investigated regarding the effectiveness of eddy current correction. That of Jezzard et al (1998 Magn. Reson. Med. 39 801-12) requires the acquisition of additional experimental data in order to perform a post-acquisition correction, whereas that of Wider et al (1994 J. Magn. Reson. A 108 255-8) attempts to reduce the eddy currents directly. It is found that the latter experiment gives a somewhat superior performance and a combination of the two approaches results in an almost complete elimination of artefact. An alternative single-shot imaging experiment to echo-planar imaging is given by sequences based on fast spin-echo methods, which should be insensitive to the effects of constant eddy currents. It is shown that the intrinsic eddy-current-related artefact level in such experiments is indeed low, residual artefacts being attributed to eddy current decay during the echo train. In situations of poor main magnetic field homogeneity or large eddy currents such sequences may be gainfully used instead of echo-planar imaging.
<title>MapSnapper: engineering an efficient algorithm for matching images of maps from mobile phones</title> (2007)

The MapSnapper project aimed to develop a system for robust matching of low-quality images of a paper map taken from a mobile phone against a high quality digital raster representation of the same map. The paper presents a novel methodology for performing content-based image retrieval and object recognition from query images that have been degraded by noise and subjected to transformations through the imaging system. In addition the paper also provides an insight into the evaluation-driven development process that was used to incrementally improve the matching performance until the design specifications were met.
Space vector modulated, zero-voltage transition three-phase to DC bidirectional converter (2002)

Operation and implementation of the novel, space vector modulated, zero-voltage transition, three phase voltage source inverter/boost rectifier is presented. The converter is intended for high performance, medium power applications requiring bidirectional power flow. The proposed modified space-vector modulation allows all switches to be operated with soft-switching and constant frequency. The modulation algorithm also eliminates any low frequency distortion caused by the zero-voltage transitions and can be applied to any soft switching PWM three-phase converters. A simple, digital signal processor based implementation of the modulator and current regulators, operating with 30 /spl mu/s sampling time, is described. Measured efficiency of the 30 kHz, IGBT prototype is around 95%, and distortion of the three-phase currents is extremely small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discriminative training of Gaussian mixture models for large vocabulary speech recognition systems (2002)

Two discriminative techniques are described (and evaluated) for estimating the parameters of the Gaussians in a large vocabulary speech-recognition system. The first technique is based on using a modification of the maximum mutual information (MMI) objective function, and appears to provide no improvement over standard ML estimation. The second technique is based on a heuristic correction of the Gaussian parameters, and is seen to give a 2-5% improvement over ML estimation.
The Characteristics of LGE Linear Oscillating Motor (2010)

This paper summarizes the characteristics of LGE linear oscillating motor from the viewpoint of electro-magnetic loss. Through the results of finite element analysis, the magnetic flux and loss due to magnet and coil current, respectively, are shown and estimated. The magnetic flux of magnet and current generates the eddy-current and hysteresis losses in not only electrical steels but also mechanical parts. The linear motor efficiency is defined from aspect of electro-magnetic efficiency. The static efficiency of motor is inversely proportional to the cooling capacity, because the current is almost proportional to the capacity. However, the dynamic efficiency of motor is proportional to the cooling capacity. For the high efficiency in small capacity region, the magnetic losses (core losses) due to moving-magnet should be reduced as much as possible. Furthermore, these moving-magnet losses are deeply related to the materials of mechanical structures around motor.
Dual mode of action of phenyl-pyrazole-phenyl (6-5-6 system)-based PPI inhibitors: alpha-helix backbone versus alpha-helix binding epitope (2013)

A new class of alpha-helix mimetics, based on the phenyl-pyrazole-phenyl (6-5-6) system, has been designed and synthesized. The ability of the new compounds to inhibit PPIs was confirmed using an MDM2-p53 binding assay. The library, containing completely new compounds, revealed an excellent hit rate of 15%, had satisfactory physicochemical properties (~38% soluble compounds), and the ligand efficiency of the best compound was 0.21 (0.22 for nutlin-3 in the same assay). Dual mode of action of these inhibitors was suggested based on computer modeling: depending on the nature of their substituents they could act as either an alpha-helix backbone mimetic or an alpha-helix binding epitope mimetic.
Lobed Mixer Design for Noise Suppression Acoustic and Aerodynamic Test Data Analysis (2002)

A comprehensive database for the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of several model-scale lobe mixers of bypass ratio 5 to 6 has been created for mixed jet speeds up to 1080 ft/s at typical take-off (TO) conditions of small-to-medium turbofan engines. The flight effect was simulated for Mach numbers up to 0.3. The static thrust performance and plume data were also obtained at typical TO and cruise conditions. The tests were done at NASA Lewis anechoic dome and ASK's FluiDyne Laboratories. The effect of several lobe mixer and nozzle parameters, such as, lobe scalloping, lobe count, lobe penetration and nozzle length was examined in terms of flyover noise at constant altitude. Sound in the nozzle reference frame was analyzed to understand the source characteristics. Several new concepts, mechanisms and methods are reported for such lobed mixers, such as, boomerang scallops, tongue mixer, detection of excess internal noise sources, and extrapolation of flyover noise data from one flight speed to different flight speeds. Noise reduction of as much as 3 EPNdB was found with a deeply scalloped mixer compared to annular nozzle at net thrust levels of 9500 lb for a 29 in. diameter nozzle after optimizing the nozzle length.
Ghrelin and Dopamine: New Insights on the Peripheral Regulation of Appetite (2009)

A review is provided of current evidence supporting the actions of the stomach-derived peptide ghrelin on ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine cells to increase food intake and other appetitive behaviours. Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid peptide that was first identified as an endogenous ligand to growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R). In addition to the hypothalamus and brain stem, GHS-R message and protein are distributed throughout the brain, with high expression being detected in regions associated with goal directed behaviour. Of these, the VTA shows relatively high levels of mRNA transcript and protein. Interestingly, ghrelin infusions into the VTA increase food intake dramatically, and stimulate dopamine release from the VTA. Moreover, VTA dopamine neurones increase their activity in response to ghrelin in slice preparations, suggesting that ghrelin increases food intake by modulating the activity of dopaminergic neurones in the VTA. On the basis of these data as well as the fact that VTA dopamine cells respond to other metabolic hormones such as insulin and leptin, it is proposed that VTA dopamine cells, similar to cells in the mediobasal hypothalamus, are first-order sensory neurones that regulate appetitive behaviour in response to metabolic and nutritional signals.
Seguridad jurídica y proliferación legislativa (2010)

Platinum-free interval ≥ 12 months, complete response and normalized CA-125 levels after ultimate platinum-based chemotherapy are associated with prolonged PFS and OS in relapsing BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated ovarian cancer patients who received olaparib as maintenance therapy.
Estimating the Cost of Type 1 Diabetes in the U.S.: A Propensity Score Matching Method (2010)

We find that the costs attributed to type 1 diabetes are disproportionately higher than the number of type 1 patients compared with type 2 patients, suggesting that combining the two diseases when estimating costs is not appropriate. This study and another recent contribution provides a necessary first step in estimating the substantial costs of type 1 diabetes on the U.S.
Cluster-based file replication in large-scale distributed systems (1992)

The increasing need for data sharing in large-scale distributed systems may place a heavy burden on critical resources such as file servers and networks. Our examination of the workload in one large commercial engineering environment shows that wide-spread sharing of unstable files among tens to hundreds of users is common. Traditional client-based file cacheing techniques are not scalable in such environments. We propose Frolic, a scheme for cluster-based file replication in large-scale distributed file systems. A cluster is a group of workstations and one or more file servers on a local area network. Large distributed systems may have tens or hundreds of clusters connected by a backbone network. By dynamically creating and maintaining replicas of shared files on the file servers in the clusters using those files, we effectively reduce reliance on central servers supporting such files, as well as reduce the distances between the accessing sites and data. We propose and study algorithms for the two main issues in Frolic, 1) locating a valid file replica, and 2) maintaining consistency among replicas. Our simulation experiments using a statistical workload model based upon measurement data and real workload characteristics show that cluster-based file replication can significantly reduce file access delays and server and backbone network utilizations in large-scale distributed systems over a wide range of workload conditions. The workload characteristics most critical to replication performance are: the size of shared files, the number of clusters that modify a file, and the number of consecutive accesses to files from a particular cluster.