gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH Tuning of Water‐Soluble Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches (2020)

Arylazopyrazoles are an emerging class of photoswitches with redshifted switching wavelength, high photostationary states, long thermal half-lives and facile synthetic access. Understanding pathways for a simple modulation of the thermal half-lives, while keeping other parameters of interest constant, is an important aspect for out-of-equilibrium systems design and applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the thermal half-life of a water-soluble PEG-tethered arylazo-bis(o-methylated)pyrazole (AAP) can be tuned by more than five orders of magnitude using simple pH adjustment, which is beyond the tunability of azobenzenes. The mechanism of thermal relaxation is investigated by thorough spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the concepts of a tunable half-life are transferred from the molecular scale to the material scale. Based on the photochromic characteristics of E- and Z-AAP, transient information storage is showcased in form of light-written patterns inside films cast from different pH, which in turn leads to different times of storage. With respect to prospective precisely tunable materials and time-programmed out-of-equilibrium systems, an externally tunable half-life is likely advantageous over changing the entire system by the replacement of the photoswitch.
A comparison of preclotting techniques for prosthetic aortic replacement. (1982)

Bleeding through graft interstices after replacement of the ascending aorta can occur despite the use of low-porosity, woven graft material and standard preclotting methods. To avoid this complication, improved techniques of preclotting by autoclaving the graft after immersion to either blood or plasma have been developed. We used a quantitative method to compare graft permeability in vitro. The control leak rate (LR) was 111 +/- 7 ml/cm2/min. Standard preclotting reduced this to 23 +/- 4 ml/cm2/min (p less than 0.01). Grafts were autoclaved after immersion in heparinized whole blood (LR 3 +/- 4 ml/cm2/min), 5% albumin (LR 5 +/- 2 ml/cm2/min), plasma alone (LR 4 +/- 0.3 ml/cm2/min) and plasma with thrombin added (LR 2 +/- 0.2 ml/cm2/min). All autoclaved grafts were less permeable than those preclotted by the standard method (p less than 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the interstices of autoclaved grafts were more uniformly filled than those of grafts prepared by standard preclotting. Perfusion with fibrinolysins significantly (p less than 0.01) increased leak rates of grafts with standard preclotting but did not affect autoclaved grafts. We conclude that autoclaving grafts after immersion in blood, plasma or albumin decreases graft permeability and that autoclaved grafts are resistant to fibrinolysis.
A type and effect system for atomicity (2003)

Ensuring the correctness of multithreaded programs is difficult, due to the potential for unexpected and nondeterministic interactions between threads. Previous work addressed this problem by devising tools for detecting race conditions, a situation where two threads simultaneously access the same data variable, and at least one of the accesses is a write. However, verifying the absence of such simultaneous-access race conditions is neither necessary nor sufficient to ensure the absence of errors due to unexpected thread interactions.We propose that a stronger non-interference property is required, namely atomicity. Atomic methods can be assumed to execute serially, without interleaved steps of other threads. Thus, atomic methods are amenable to sequential reasoning techniques, which significantly simplifies both formal and informal reasoning about program correctness.This paper presents a type system for specifying and verifying the atomicity of methods in multithreaded Java programs. The atomic type system is a synthesis of Lipton's theory of reduction and type systems for race detection.We have implemented this atomic type system for Java and used it to check a variety of standard Java library classes. The type checker uncovered subtle atomicity violations in classes such as <tt>java.lang.String</tt> and <tt>java.lang.String-Buffer</tt> that cause crashes under certain thread interleavings.This paper proposes that a stronger non-interference property is required, namely atomicity, and presents a type system for verifying the atomicity of methods in multithreaded Java programs. Methods in a class can be annotated with the keyword <tt>atomic</tt>. Clients of a well-typed class can then assume that each atomic method is executed in one step, thus significantly simplifying both formal and informal reasoning about the client's correctness.
High-Density in Spinal Cord stimulation: Virtual Expert Registry (DISCOVER): Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Trial (2017)

Although promising results have been reported, adequate registration of its effectiveness and (possible) side-effects remains an unmet need. Main results are expected in 2019.
Quand Simon rencontre Julie (2008)

<titre>Résumé</titre>Comment l’expérience de la vie amoureuse et sexuelle de deux personnes en situation d’handicap psychique a mis à l’épreuve une équipe et la dynamique institutionnelle.Témoignage d’une histoire d’amour qui vient bousculer l’équipe dans sa position éducative et sa pratique d’accompagnement et par ailleurs, questionner l’institution, dans le cadre de son projet d’établissement, sur la place qu’elle attribuait au couple, qu’elle accordait à la vie amoureuse et sexuelle des personnes qu’elle accueille.
Signal Analysis: Wavelets, Filter Banks, Time-Frequency Transforms and Applications (1999)

From the Publisher:
Signal analysis gives an insight into the properties of signals and stochastic processes by methodology. Linear transforms are integral to the continuing growth of signal processes as they characterize and classify signals. In particular, those transforms that provide time-frequency signal analysis are attracting greater numbers of researchers and are becoming an area of considerable importance. The key characteristic of these transforms, along with a certain time-frequency localization called the wavelet transform and various types of multirate filter banks, is their high computational efficiency. It is this computational efficiently which accounts for their increased application. This book provides a complete overview and introduction to signal analysis. It presents classical and modern signal analysis methods in a sequential structure starting with the background to signal theory. Progressing through the book the author introduces more advanced topics in an easy to understand style. Including recent and emerging topics such as filter banks with perfect reconstruction, time frequency and wavelets. With great accuracy and technical merit, this book makes a useful and original contribution to the current literature.
Cytotoxicity and Characteristics of Mitomycin C (1996)

In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C (MMC), the effects of MMC on cell viability, cell cycle and cell surface structure were studied using Chang's cultured human conjunctival cells. A 4- or 2-min exposure to MMC at concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.04% decreased the cell viability. The cell number was remarkably reduced by exposure to MMC over 0.004%. MMC at a concentration higher than 0.001% arrested the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle. MMC even at a high concentration (0.04%) did not cause any direct alteration to the cell surface.
On bounding the delay of a critical path (2006)

Process variations cause different behavior of timing-dependent effects across different chips. In this work, we analyze one example of timing-dependent effects, cross-coupling capacitance, and the complex problem space created by considering coupling and process variations together. The delay of a critical path under these conditions is difficult to bound for design and test. We develop a methodology that analyzes this complex space by decomposing the problem space along three dimensions: the aggressor space, test space, and sample space. For design, we utilize an OBDD-based approach to prune the aggressor space based on logical constraints, which can be combined with a worst-case timing window simulator to prune based on both logical and timing constraints. After pruning, the reduced aggressor space can be used to derive a more accurate timing bound. Solving the problems in the test and sample spaces is postponed to the post-silicon stage, where we propose a test selection methodology for bounding the delay of every sample. This methodology is based on probability density estimation and has a tradeoff between the number of tests to apply and the tightness of the delay bound obtained. Experimental results based on benchmark examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Systemic and hepatic hemodynamic changes in acute liver injury (1997)

Systemic and hepatic circulatory changes were studied in rats over the course of acute liver injury. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (1.1 g/kg), and systemic and hepatic hemodynamics were measured over a 72-h period using a radioactive microsphere technique with direct measurement of arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous blood oxygen content. Cardiac output increased to a maximum at 48 h, producing a marked increase (450%) in hepatic arterial blood flow so that it became the dominant supply of oxygen at the time of maximal hepatic injury. A subsequent increase in portal venous flow resulted in an overall increase in total hepatic blood flow of 500%. At this point the oxygen delivery by the hepatic arterial and portal venous systems was equal. These circulatory changes returned to control values by 72 h with recovery of liver function. These results demonstrate the development of a hyperdynamic circulation and a marked change in the normal relationship between portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flows that occur during hepatic injury.
Road surface condition detection based on road surface temperature and solar radiation (2010)

This paper presents a method of road surface condition detection with road temperature and solar radiation by BP neural network. Because road temperature depends on road surface condition (dry, wet, icy) and solar radiation (mapped to season, geographical location, time, air temperature and air humidity), and there is nonlinear causality between them, road surface condition can be detected indirectly with road temperature and solar radiation. In experiment, BP neural network was trained with 2208 group data and validated by 192 group data, the detection accuracy reached 90%. It is feasible to detect road surface condition with road temperature and solar radiation.
Contrast-enhanced imaging of cerebral vasculature with laser speckle (2007)

High-resolution cerebral vasculature imaging has applications ranging from intraoperative procedures to basic neuroscience research. Laser speckle, with spatial contrast processing, has recently been used to map cerebral blood flow. We present an application of the technique using temporal contrast processing to image cerebral vascular structures with a field of view a few millimeters across and approximately 20 microm resolution through a thinned skull. We validate the images using fluorescent imaging and demonstrate a factor of 2-4 enhancement in contrast-to-noise ratios over reflectance imaging using white or spectrally filtered green light. The contrast enhancement enables the perception of approximately 10%-30% more vascular structures without the introduction of any contrast agent.
Supervised and semi-supervised suppression of background music in monaural speech recordings (2012)

In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised algorithm based on sparse non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to improve separation of speech from background music in monaural signals. In our approach, fixed speech basis vectors are obtained from training data whereas music bases are estimated on-the-fly to cope with spectral variability while preserving small NMF dimensionality for decreased computation effort. In a large-scale experimental evaluation with 168 speakers from the TIMIT database, we compare the semi-supervised method to supervised NMF with an explicit background music model. Our results reveal that the semi-supervised method outperforms supervised NMF at low speech-to-music ratios, and that sparsity constraints on the music spectra to enforce harmonicity can improve separation performance.
<i>Technical Note:</i> Equivalent Circuits Representing the Impedance of a Corroding Interface (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. A. Sagüés; Technical Note: Equivalent Circuits Representing the Impedance of a Corroding Interface. CORROSION 1 August 1988; 44 (8): 555–557. doi: https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3583975 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Generation of Secondary Alkyl Amines on Solid Support by Borane Reduction: Application to the Parallel Synthesis of PPAR Ligands (1997)

A solid phase parallel synthesis of fibrate PPAR ligands 1 has been developed. The key reaction is a novel borane reduction of resin bound amides that generates secondary amines not accessible by reductive alkylation of primary amines. The FMOC-protected aminofibrate 2 was loaded onto Sasrin resin via the carboxylic acid. The amine was elaborated by amide bond formation followed by reduction with borane. The resulting secondary amines reacted with aryl isocyanates to generate the fibrates 1 in high yield and purity following cleavage from the solid support.
Identifying vulnerable websites by analysis of common strings in phishing URLs (2009)

It has been shown that most phishing sites are created by means of a vulnerable Web server being re-purposed by a phisher to host a counterfeit Website without the knowledge of the server's owner. In this paper, we examine common vulnerabilities which allow these phishing sites to be created and suggest a method for identifying common attack methods, as well as, help inform Webmasters and their hosting companies in ways that help them to defend their servers. Our method involves applying a longest common substring algorithm to known phishing URLs, and investigating the results of that string to identify common vulnerabilities, exploits, and attack tools which may be prevalent among those who hack servers for phishing. Following a case study approach, we then select four prevalent attacks that are suggested by our methodology, and use our findings to identify the underlying vulnerability, and document statistics showing that these vulnerabilities are responsible for the creation of phishing Websites. Digging further, we identify attack tools created to exploit these vulnerabilities and how they are detected by current intrusion detection signatures. We suggest a means by which this work could be integrated with intrusion detection systems to allow Webmasters or hosting providers to reduce their vulnerability to hosting phishing Websites.
Low-Cost Semi-Z-source Inverter for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Systems (2011)

This paper presents several nonisolated semi-Z-source inverters for a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) system with low cost and doubly grounded features. These semi-Z-source inverters employ the Z-source/quasi-Z-source network and only two active switches to achieve the same output voltage as the traditional voltage-fed full-bridge inverter does. The two active switches of the semi-Z-source inverter are controlled complementarily. Different from the traditional single-phase Z-source/quasi-Z-source inverter, shoot-through zero state is not applicable to the semi-Z-source inverter. The input dc source and the output ac voltage of the semi-Z-source inverter share the same ground, thus leading to less leakage ground current advantages over other nondoubly grounded inverters, such as voltage-fed full-bridge inverter. This is a preferred feature for nonisolated grid-connected inverters, especially in PV application. A revised nonlinear sinusoid pulse width modulation method for a semi-Z-source inverter is also proposed. By using this method, desired duty cycle can be generated to output the sinusoidal voltage. Other dc-dc converters with similar voltage gain curve, which can also be used as a single-phase inverter, are also discussed and summarized. A single-phase semi-Z-source inverter prototype is built; experimental results are provided to verify and demonstrate the special features of the proposed circuit.
Violencia en pacientes geriátricos (2015)

Se realizo un estudio descriptivo para conocer el comportamiento de los actos de violencia sufridos por pacientes geriatricos que asisten al policlinico Carlos J. Finlay, de Camaguey, durante 1999. La muestra se tomo mediante sistema aleatorio sistematico de uno de cada cinco pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de geriatria. El 90 % de los ancianos encuestados habia sido victima de la violencia en alguna de sus modalidades; esta proporcion fue de 100 % en los pacientes de 80 anos o mas. El 73, 3 % de ellos estuvo consciente del maltrato recibido. Las los empujones, malas contestas y el restarle importancia a sus problemas, fueron las expresiones fundamentales del maltrato fisico, psicologico o por negligencia. El impedir que el anciano participe en las decisiones del hogar y restarle importancia a sus opiniones, resultaron las principales modalidades del maltrato familiar.
Complications of Achilles and Posterior Tibial Tendon Surgeries (2001)

Surgery of the Achilles and posterior tibial tendons requires finesse to achieve optimal function. Although superficial in anatomic location, various critical neurovascular structures exist in close proximity. The superficial blood supply is fragile, requiring a delicate touch to prevent problems with wound healing. Damaged tendon tissue often is friable, making it difficult to sew or anchor. Adjusting the tendon length to the appropriate tension requires good judgment and affects long-term outcome through power and range of motion. Finally, surgery on these two tendons significantly affects function of the ankle and longitudinal arch, where small changes are magnified into large changes in maintaining normal gait. The current authors review the complications encountered in various common surgeries of the Achilles and posterior tibial tendons.
Sweeping the Field (1998)

The payoffs for inventing new ways to compress pulses of light are substantial: data flow faster through optical fibers and all-optical switches for next-generation computers. But cleverness has a price, in that most methods require high nonlinearity—the ability of light to change the optical properties of the material it passes through—which in turn demands high optical power. One way out is to use a second optical pump wave to induce the nonlinearity and allow the weaker signal pulse to exploit it (1). Recently, Broderick et al. of the University of Southampton have demonstrated an elegant technique for molding short pulses—the “optical pushbroom” effect (2). They start with a useful device called a fiber Bragg grating, a resonant structure in which a lot of optical energy can be stored by a low-power continuous beam. Then they introduce a powerful but relatively long pulse that traverses the grating. As it passes through the grating, the strong pulse puts a slight “chirp” or frequency shift on the continuous beam, with some parts made higher and some lower pitch. But the Bragg grating itself is a highly dispersive medium, so the high frequency parts speed up and overtake the low frequency parts, causing a drastic pile-up of optical energy. In effect, the long pump pulse gathers up probe energy in a short spike on its leading edge, much as a broom piles up debris as it is swept along the floor. The result: a purely optical conversion of easily crafted long pulses into useful shorter ones.
Vacuum-cored hollow waveguide for transmission of high-energy, nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses and its application to biological tissue ablation (2000)

A vacuum-cored hollow waveguide has been found to transmit 1064-nm, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulses. With this scheme, laser-induced air breakdown was completely suppressed, and the laser-induced damage threshold of the waveguide's inner coating was significantly increased. With a 1-m-long, 1-mm inner-diameter, cyclic olefin polymer-coated silver hollow waveguide, the maximum transmitted laser energy was as great as 158 mJ/pulse (20.1 J/cm(2)), at a repetition rate of 10 Hz in a 90 degrees -bent waveguide condition. The corresponding transmitted peak laser power was 17.6 MW. With the transmitted laser pulses, deep ablation of myocardium tissues was demonstrated in vitro.
The Datafication of Higher Education : Evaluating tests that measure learning outcomes (2011)

'Fireside chats' remain part of higher education, but the industry is subject to increasing quantification, assessment and review. Australia is certainly at the forefront of this change, with the Bradley Review ushering in a new era of accountability, transparency and productivity initiatives. After much discussion, these are starting to play out in 2011, underscoring the significance of building capacity and resources within universities for critically consuming potential assessment tools and approaches. Bearing in mind this apparently inexorable trend, this briefing explores one facet of what might be referred to as the datafication of higher education. In particular, the briefing reviews the kinds of tests institutions can use to measure undergraduate learning outcomes. The briefing is not a product review, but after a few contextualising remarks presents a broader analysis of the kinds of questions institutions must ask of assessments that could be adopted – or potentially imposed – to measure, and hence improve, higher education. While Joining the Dots presents an evidence-based picture of key facets of higher education, no data are presented in this briefing as very little data exist. Despite and possibly because of its centrality to higher education, generating objective measures of learning remains an elusive task. Necessarily, the briefing touches on methodological ideas, but is practical in intent. There are many and varied outcomes resulting from a university education – employment, graduate study, intellectual growth, social development, to name just a few. As these outcomes take different forms they are measured with different tools such as tests, surveys, interviews and administrative data. Given the telic nature of tests and the centrality of learning outcomes, this briefing concentrates on tests of learning outcomes. In summary, the briefing provides information about: tests that exist to measure higher education learning outcomes; questions that critical consumers should ask; and qualities of productive assessments in higher education. [Author abstract]