gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative-Permeability Modifiers Used in Conjunction With Hydraulic Fracturing Can Increase Hydrocarbon Production and Reduce Water Production (2008)

Abstract The demand for hydrocarbon production increases each year as world population continues to grow and more energy is consumed. This increasing demand has caused the oil and gas industry not only to develop new technology but also to develop reservoirs that were previously overlooked. These marginal reservoirs were deemed uneconomic, primarily because they typically existed on the outer fringes of known reservoirs or the potential productive formations were subject to excessive water production. Many of these previously-overlooked reservoirs need to be hydraulically stimulated to make them economic. When using fracture stimulation to complete a wellbore in marginal reservoirs, it is not uncommon to produce excessive amounts of water. This excessive water production can come from the producing formation, water-wet formations which bound the producing interval, or lack of sufficient barriers between the productive zone and nearby water-bearing zones. Because wells drilled in these marginal reservoirs are economically borderline, any additional water production resulting from the completion of these wells jeopardizes the already questionable economics. Consequently, the operators run a much higher economic risk when completing wells in these marginal reservoirs. This paper describes a case history using a relative permeability modifier (RPM) incorporated into a hydraulic fracture stimulation treatment to reduce excessive water production. By implementing this process, it gives the operator an additional tool to increase the chances of producing formations containing hydrocarbons which had been previously overlooked. Therefore, this process can help reduce the higher economic risk of completing marginal reservoirs. Incorporating this technique into a fracture stimulation treatment resulted in the best producing well in the study area.
Dynamics of living polymers and flexible surfactant micelles : scaling laws for dilution (1988)

A theoretical model, recently introduced to describe the dynamics of reversibly breakable polymer chains at high density, is extended to the semidilute regime. It is known that, in this regime, the excluded volume statistics of the system can differ significantly from those of unbreakable polymers of comparable molecular weight (because of the presence of closed rings). These changes also affect the scaling exponents for the concentration dependence of the viscosity and monomer diffusion constant. In general, the range of concentrations over which scaling (as opposed to mean-field) behaviour can be expected is probably rather small.
Low Serum Placental Isoferritin in Pregnant Women at risk of Developing Preeclampsia (1998)

AbstractObjectives: Placental isoferritin (PLF) is an immunosuppressive cytokine-like protein; low concentrations have been found in women with preeclampsia. In this study, the possible involvement of this placental product in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia was investigated. Serum PLF was measured in pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia, before the onset of the clinical disorder.Design: Two hundred thirty-one women were included in the study: 85 were at risk of developing preeclampsia and 146 were low-risk controls. Levels of PLF were measured in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy.Results: Mean (± SEM) third-trimester serum PLF values were significantly lower in the study group (14.8 ±3.9 U/mL) compared with those of the controls (19.0 ± 2.6 U/mL, p = 0.0001). Lower PLF values were also observed in the first and second trimesters, but these results did not reach conventional significance. Furthermore, serum PLF values were not significantly lower in the study group women who developed preeclampsia when compared with those who did not. Low serum PLF values were also observed in women with intrauterine-growth-restricted pregnancies, but, again, these results did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion: Low serum PLF values may reflect placental function and represent a possible predictive biomarker for developing preeclampsia in pregnant women at risk.Key Words: Placental isoferritinPreeclampsiaPregnancy
Multi-Document Summarization with Subjectivity Analysis at DUC 2005 (2005)

In this paper, we present our team TUT/NII results at DUC 2005 and additional experiments on improving multi-document summarization. Summarization systems have typically focused on the factual aspect of information needs. Subjectivity analysis is another essential aspect for better understanding of information needs. Our approach is based on sentence extraction, weighted by sentence type annotation, and combined with polarity term frequencies. We selected 10 topics related to subjectivity with analysis of “narratives”, and investigated improvements of ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation) and BE (Basic Elements) scores with our approach. In addition, the factual aspect of information needs was also investigated. 1
High gas temperature furnace for species determination of organometallic compounds with a high pressure liquid chromatograph and Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh gas temperature furnace for species determination of organometallic compounds with a high pressure liquid chromatograph and Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometerHideaki. Koizumi, Ralph D. McLaughlin, and Tetsuo. HadeishiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 3, 387–392Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50039a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50039a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of mutual inconsistency in distributed systems (1986)

Many distributed systems are now being developed to provide users with convenient access to data via some kind of communications network. In many cases it is desirable to keep the system functioning even when it is partitioned by network failures. A serious problem in this context is how one can support redundant copies of resources such as files (for the sake of reliability) while simultaneously monitoring their mutual consistency (the equality of multiple copies). This is difficult since network faiures can lead to inconsistency, and disrupt attempts at maintaining consistency. In fact, even the detection of inconsistent copies is a nontrivial problem. Naive methods either 1) compare the multiple copies entirely or 2) perform simple tests which will diagnose some consistent copies as inconsistent. Here a new approach, involving version vectors and origin points, is presented and shown to detect single file, multiple copy mutual inconsistency effectively. The approach has been used in the design of LOCUS, a local network operating system at UCLA.
Angiotensinogen Exerts Effects Independent of Angiotensin II (2015)

AGT contributes to body weight gain and liver steatosis through functions of the des(angiotensin I)AGT domain, which are independent of angiotensin II production.
Plant microbial diversity is suggested as the key to future biocontrol and health trends (2017)

The microbiome of plants plays a crucial role in both plant and ecosystem health. Rapid advances in multi-omics tools are dramatically increasing access to the plant microbiome and consequently to the identification of its links with diseases and to the control of those diseases. Recent insights reveal a close, often symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants. Microorganisms can stimulate germination and plant growth, prevent diseases, and promote stress resistance and general fitness. Plants and their associated microorganisms form a holobiont and have to be considered as co-evolved species assemblages consisting of bacterial, archaeal and diverse eukaryotic species. The beneficial interplay of the host and its microbiome is responsible for maintaining the health of the holobiont, while diseases are often correlated with microbial dysbioses. Microbial diversity was identified as a key factor in preventing diseases and can be implemented as a biomarker in plant protection strategies. Targeted and predictive biocontrol approaches are possible by developing microbiome-based solutions. Moreover, combined breeding and biocontrol strategies maintaining diversity and ecosystem health are required. The analysis of plant microbiome data has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of its role in health and disease and has substantial consequences for biocontrol and health issues.
Molecular phylogeny and a taxonomic proposal for the genus Streptococcus (2015)

Alternative phylogenies for the genus Streptococcus have been proposed due to uncertainty about the among-species group relationships. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Streptococcus, considering all the species groups and also the genomic data accumulated by other studies. Seventy-five species were subjected to a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using sequences from eight genes (16S rRNA, rpoB, sodA, tuf, rnpB, gyrB, dnaJ, and recN). On the basis of our results, we propose a new Phylogeny for the genus, with special emphasis on the inter-species group level. This new phylogeny differs from those suggested previously. From topological and evolutionary distance criteria, we propose that gordonii, pluranimalium, and sobrinus should be considered as new species groups, in addition to the currently recognized groups of mutans, bovis, pyogenic, suis, mitis, and salivarius.
Towards the modeling of dissociated cortical tissue in the liquid state machine framework (2006)

Understanding biological information processing systems is key in overcoming the limitations of traditional engineered systems. The advent of the liquid state machine (LSM) as a computational model for cortical processing, as well as the ability to experiment with dissociated cortical tissue (DCT) cultures in a controlled environment provide new opportunities in advancing our understanding of such systems. In this paper we examine the possibilities for modeling the behavior of the DCT cultures in the LSM framework. We show that the LSM framework has the capability to model the spontaneous activity and burstiness of the DCT cultures. Finally, multifractal measures are used to characterize the long range dependencies of the recorded and simulated data. Though the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) used to estimate the long range dependencies in the data does not show wholly consistent similarities, the endogenously active neurons that drive the biological and model networks are found to have similar fractal structure.
On Valid Optimal Assignment Kernels and Applications to Graph Classification (2016)

The success of kernel methods has initiated the design of novel positive semidefinite functions, in particular for structured data. A leading design paradigm for this is the convolution kernel, which decomposes structured objects into their parts and sums over all pairs of parts. Assignment kernels, in contrast, are obtained from an optimal bijection between parts, which can provide a more valid notion of similarity. In general however, optimal assignments yield indefinite functions, which complicates their use in kernel methods. We characterize a class of base kernels used to compare parts that guarantees positive semidefinite optimal assignment kernels. These base kernels give rise to hierarchies from which the optimal assignment kernels are computed in linear time by histogram intersection. We apply these results by developing the Weisfeiler-Lehman optimal assignment kernel for graphs. It provides high classification accuracy on widely-used benchmark data sets improving over the original Weisfeiler-Lehman kernel.
Recycling Used Engine Coolant Using High-volume Stationary, Multiple Technology Equipment (1999)

Recycling used engine coolant has become increasingly desirable due to two significant factors. First, engine coolant frequently merits designation as a hazardous waste under the Federal Clean Water Act. Federal and some state environmental protection agencies have instituted strict regulation of the disposal of used engine coolant. In some cases, the disposal of engine coolant requires imposition of waste disposal fees and surcharges. Secondly, ethylene glycol, the principal cost component of engine coolant, has experienced dramatic price fluctuations and occasional shortages in supply. Therefore, there are both environmental and economic pressures to recycle engine coolant and recover the ethylene glycol component in an efficient and cost-effective manner. This paper discusses a multistage apparatus and a process for recycling used engine coolant that employs a combination of filtration, centrifugation (hydrocyclone separation), dissolved air flotation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, continuous deionization, and ion exchange processes for separating ethylene glycol and water from used engine coolant. The engine coolant is prefiltered through a series of filters. The filters remove particulate contaminates. This filtered fluid is then subjected to dissolved air flotation and centrifugation to remove petroleum. Then it is heated and pressurized prior to being passed over a series of two different sets of semipermeable membranes. The membrane technologies separate the feed stream into a “permeate” solution of ethylene glycol and water and a “concentrate” waste solution. The concentrate solution is returned to a concentrate tank for continuous circulation through the apparatus. The permeate solution is subjected to final refining by continuous deionization followed by a cation and anion ion exchange polishing process. The continuous deionization reduces ionic contaminants, and the ion exchange system eliminates any ionic contaminants left by the previous purification methods. A mechanical blender is used to mix the purified recovered fluid with fresh ethylene glycol (to adjust freeze point) and performance enhancing chemicals.
Same places, same things, same people? (2010)

In this work we examine nine different sources for user similarity as reflected by activity in social media applications. We suggest a classification of these sources into three categories: people, things, and places. Lists of similar people returned by the nine sources are found to be highly different from each other as well as from the list of people the user is familiar with, suggesting that aggregation of sources may be valuable. Evaluation of the sources and their aggregates points at their usefulness across different scenarios, such as information discovery and expertise location, and also highlights sources and aggregates that are particularly valuable for inferring user similarity.
Characterization of rapid and high‐affinity uptake of <scp>L</scp>‐serine in neurons and astrocytes in primary culture (2003)

The non-essential amino acid L-serine was shown to be required to support the survival of rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons because of lack of the expression of the L-serine biosynthesis enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in them. In the present study, we investigated L-[(3)H]serine uptake in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes from the rat telencephalon. In both neurons and astrocytes, L-[(3)H]serine uptake was dependent on temperature and Na(+) ions, and exhibited a single component of high-affinity uptake sites (K(m)=15.0 and 17.2 micro M for neurons and astrocytes, respectively). Kinetic analysis of L-[(3)H]serine uptake also revealed that the uptake into neurons was faster than that into astrocytes. The selectivity of inhibition by amino acids of the L-[(3)H]serine uptake resembled that of the system ASC transporters ASCT1 and ASCT2. Neutral amino acids L-alanine, L-serine, L-cysteine, and L-threonine strongly inhibited the uptake by both cell types. Furthermore, in astrocytes, but not in neurons, L-valine and L-proline also inhibited L-[(3)H]serine uptake. Neither alpha-methyl aminoisobutyric acid (a system A-specific substrate) nor 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid (a system L-specific substrate) inhibited the uptake of L-[(3)H]serine in both neurons and astrocytes. Expression of ASCT transporters in both neurons and astrocytes was examined by use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis. Whereas transcripts (mRNAs) of both ASCT1 and ASCT2 transporters were detected in astrocytes, only the mRNA of the former subtype was detected in neurons. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of ASCT1 in both neurons and astrocytes. These findings indicate that neurons accumulate a high level of L-serine by using a Na(+)-dependent, high-affinity transport system, operating predominantly through the ASCT1 transporter subtype.
Effects of altered porphyrin synthesis on brain neurochemistry. (1983)

Lead is one of several environmentally significant substances which alter porphyrin synthesis in several organs. Biochemically, the consequences of both acute and chronic lead exposure, at relatively low dose, are increases in tissue and plasma levels of the porphyrin precursor aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and inhibition of the enzyme ALA dehydrase. These effects are considered for their possible role in the neurotoxicity associated with lead exposure. The effects of lead, on porphyrin metabolism and on neurochemistry and behavior, are compared to those associated with exposure to the "suicide" inhibitor of ALA dehydrase, succinylacetone. Similarities in both porphyrinopathy and in associated neurotoxicity suggest an etiologic role for altered porphyrin synthesis in lead neurotoxicity.
Metal ion uptake by a plasmid-free metal-sensitive Alcaligenes eutrophus strain (1989)

The divalent metal cations of zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese are transported into cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus strain AE104 by the energy-dependent magnesium transport system. Chromate is transported by the sulfate uptake system.
Psychotherapy as a Developmental Process (1993)

Pscyhotherapy as an effective developmental process requires both knowledge of personality development in general and knowledge of the person's particular developmental influences, including cultural. Among the latter, commercial culture and peer culture, as well as family influences, are especially powerful forces that college psychotherapists need to understand in depth. Several case examples are used to illustrate the influence of social conformity pressures and how the psychotherapist can further perspective and understanding. Alcohol and other drugs, violence perpetration, machismo training and the excesses of the beauty industry are discussed in the context of developmental psychotherapy.
Trimeric intermediate in the in vivo folding and subunit assembly of the tail spike endorhamnosidase of bacteriophage P22. (1982)

Newly synthesized tail spike polypeptide chains mature from trypsin- and NaDodSO4-sensitive unfolded chains to trypsin- and NaDodSO4-resistant native trimers with a t1/2 of 5 min at 30 degrees C. A metastable intermediate in subunit folding and assembly was trapped by chilling and isolated by electrophoresis through nondenaturing gels in the cold. A fraction of the intermediate could be matured into native trimers in vitro by incubating at physiological temperature. Mixing experiments with electrophoretically distinct mutant proteins showed that the precursor that matured in vitro represented three tail spike polypeptide chains already associated with each other but not fully folded. Identification of this intermediate reveals that the processes of polypeptide chain folding and subunit assembly are coupled in this large structural protein.
Decomposition of poly(ethylene glycol) in nanocomposites (2004)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely used in studies of polymer–clay nanocomposites because it readily intercalates in smectite clays. Nanocomposites were formed from PEG with molecular weights ( M w ) ranging from 300 to 20,000, as evidenced by expansion of the basal planar spacing of the clay ( d 001 ) in X‐ray diffraction. However PEG with high molecular weight (≥ 10,000) readily underwent degradation during preparation of composites when heated at low temperature (60°C) due to oxidative attack. Molecular weight distribution determined by gel permeation chromatography showed that this degradation always happened with or without the presence of clay and it became more serious when the molecular weight was higher. The reduction in pH of aqueous PEG solutions after degradation increased with molecular weight. Since d 001 was independent of molecular weight over a wide range, such degradation cannot be detected by this method. Precautions against oxidative attack are therefore recommended to avoid decomposition when preparing PEG–clay nanocomposites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 548–552, 2004
Measurements of Drop Size on a Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizer (1977)

Measurements of the mean drop size (Sauter mean diameter) produced by a plain-jet airblast atomizer were carried out using the well-established light-scattering technique. Specially prepared liquids were employed to distinguish between the separate effects on SMD of viscosity, surface tension, and density. Atomizing air velocities of up to 180 m/s were used in order to cover the range of interest for the gas turbine. The effect of atomizer size on SMD was studied using several geometrically similar systems in which the fuel injection orifices varied between 0.397 and 1.588 mm in diameter. The results of the investigation generally confirmed those obtained in previous studies in regard to the effects of liquid properties, air velocity, and air/liquid ratio on atomization quality. The effect of fuel orifice diameter D was found to be quite small, except for liquids of high viscosity, where SMD varied roughly in proportion with Z>°-. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that under comparable operating conditions the performance of the plain-jet airblast atomizer is inferior to that of the widely used thin-sheet airblast atomizer.