gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study for the in vivo measurement of beryllium by photonuclear activation (1985)

Diagnosis of the beryllium-induced disease, berylliosis, is often difficult and always requires that the presence of the metal in tissue be demonstrated. The feasibility of developing an in vivo method of measurement, which exploits the uniquely low photonuclear reaction threshold of 1.67 MeV in beryllium, has been investigated. Suitable photon sources and detector systems were assessed, both experimentally by phantom studies and theoretically by use of a Monte-Carlo neutron transport code. It is concluded that by using a filtered source of 124Sb for bilateral irradiation of the chest, and an array of twenty BF3 counters, beryllium could be measured to an accuracy of 0.33 mg per lung, which corresponds to a 2 SD detection limit of 0.67 mg, for a skin dose of 50 mGy delivered within a period of 90s. Such a facility would be capable of contributing to the aetiology of the disease in a large proportion of cases, but the wider use of the method for screening exposed workers would require further improvements in detection efficiency.
Wireless Power Hotspot that Charges All of Your Devices (2015)

Each year, consumers carry an increasing number of gadgets on their person: mobile phones, tablets, smartwatches, etc. As a result, users must remember to recharge each device, every day. Wireless charging promises to free users from this burden, allowing devices to remain permanently unplugged. Today's wireless charging, however, is either limited to a single device, or is highly cumbersome, requiring the user to remove all of her wearable and handheld gadgets and place them on a charging pad. This paper introduces MultiSpot, a new wireless charging technology that can charge multiple devices, even as the user is wearing them or carrying them in her pocket. A MultiSpot charger acts as an access point for wireless power. When a user enters the vicinity of the MultiSpot charger, all of her gadgets start to charge automatically. We have prototyped MultiSpot and evaluated it using off-the-shelf mobile phones, smartwatches, and tablets. Our results show that MultiSpot can charge 6 devices at distances of up to 50cm.
( <scp> <scp>K</scp> </scp> , <scp> <scp>Na</scp> </scp> ) <scp> <scp>NbO</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> ‐Based Lead‐Free Piezoceramics: Fundamental Aspects, Processing Technologies, and Remaining Challenges (2013)

Environment‐friendly lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics have been studied extensively in the past decade with great progress particularly in systems based on a niobate perovskite compound formulated as ( K , Na ) NbO 3 (abbreviated as KNN ). A comprehensive review on the latest development of KNN ‐based piezoelectric ceramics is presented in this article, including the phase structure, property enhancement approaches, and sintering processes as well as the status of some promising applications. The phase structure of KNN was reexamined and associated with the effect of chemical modification on its tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic transition. Then, a special focus is placed on the temperature dependence of piezoelectric properties of KNN ‐based ceramics, followed by reviewing the recent approaches devoted to the temperature‐stability enhancement. The processing fundamentals related to the sintering of KNN ‐based ceramics are also presented with an emphasis on compositional and microstructural control. Finally, this review introduces several industrial attempts of traditional piezoceramic products using KNN ‐based ceramics and the studies on some promising application in authors' laboratory.
High surface density immobilization of oligonucleotide on silicon (2001)

Oligonucleotide (11-mer) molecules are immobilized on silicon in high surface population using either a permanent thioether bond or a chemo-selectively reversible disulfide bond to the surface thiol functionality. Substrate hydroxy groups are first silanized with an 11 carbon trichlorosilane containing a terminal, protected thiol moiety. Oligonucleotide modified with a tether possessing a terminal thiol group is further derivatized with a water-soluble, halobenzylic bifunctional reagent, which allows the complete conjugate to be attached to the surface through a permanent thioether bond. Alternatively, the oligonucleotide-tether complex can be combined with a pyridyldisulfide compound, which, in turn, facilitates the formation of a reversible disulfide bond with surface thiol. The amount of immobilized oligonucleotide was determined by radiochemical labeling with 32P. Additional verification of surface amounts was obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of substrates. The results of the immobilization protocols are compared with the oligonucleotide surface population achieved through the conventional silanizing agent, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Finally, a preliminary confirmation of duplex formation of a TTU-attached 25-mer with its complementary strand is outlined.
Effect of Suaeda aegyptiaca Extracts on Some Microorganisms In vivo and In vitro (2011)

Crude extracts of Suaeda aegyptiaca were applied on mice skin that previously infected with the    fungus Trichophyton rubrum . Preliminary test showed that ethanol extract had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, St. epiderrmis, and Klebseilla pneumoniae . While, water extract affected only St. aureus , Moreover, Escherichia .coli , Candida albicans and T. rubrum were resistance to both extracts. Suspected active crude compounds (phenols, terpenoids and alkaloids) were extracted from the aerial parts of S. aegyptiaca , then different concentrations of them were prepared (25, 50, 75 and 100) mg/ml. Combined inhibitory effects of extracted compounds were tested by using concentration of 100 mg/ml. Animals infected with T. rubrum were treated with combination of crude extracts of (100) mg/ml was represented by the crust tend to drop-off spontaneously, leaving white scar, usually slightly depressed along its entire length. After nine days of the treatments with crude extracts of S. aegyptiaca , the incision was completely covered with newly formed epithelium and the hair seen in comparison with mycodin ointment, when the healing was caused slower regenerative changes, crust tending to drop-off spontaneously, and the incision which covered with new area less than those covered the area treated with Suaeda crude extracts, indicating the efficiency of this extract as antifungal agents.
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2020)

The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
Thermoelectric Materials: Band Engineering of Thermoelectric Materials (Adv. Mater. 46/2012) (2012)

Thermoelectric generators have been used for powering spacecrafts since the 1950s. Low material efficiency limits its application on a large scale. On page 6125, G. J. Snyder, Yanzhong Pei, and Heng Wang review strategies of engineering the electronic band structure, such as effective mass, degeneracy and band gap, which increase the material efficiency. These purely electronic strategies are independent of the approaches for low thermal conductivity, and may lead to revolutionary applications of thermoelectrics. The authors thank Nicholas A. Heinz for his help on the design of the cover image.
[The serum level transformation of interleukin 18 before and after SIT in patients with allergic rhinitis]. (2006)

IL-18 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and the SIT therapy.
MF59 and Pam3CSK4 Boost Adaptive Responses to Influenza Subunit Vaccine through an IFN Type I-Independent Mechanism of Action (2012)

The innate immune pathways induced by adjuvants required to increase adaptive responses to influenza subunit vaccines are not well characterized. We profiled different TLR-independent (MF59 and alum) and TLR-dependent (CpG, resiquimod, and Pam3CSK4) adjuvants for the ability to increase the immunogenicity to a trivalent influenza seasonal subunit vaccine and to tetanus toxoid (TT) in mouse. Although all adjuvants boosted the Ab responses to TT, only MF59 and Pam3CSK4 were able to enhance hemagglutinin Ab responses. To identify innate immune correlates of adjuvanticity to influenza subunit vaccine, we investigated the gene signatures induced by each adjuvant in vitro in splenocytes and in vivo in muscle and lymph nodes using DNA microarrays. We found that flu adjuvanticity correlates with the upregulation of proinflammatory genes and other genes involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration at the vaccine injection site. Confocal and FACS analysis confirmed that MF59 and Pam3CSK4 were the strongest inducers of blood cell recruitment in the muscle compared with the other adjuvants tested. Even though it has been proposed that IFN type I is required for adjuvanticity to influenza vaccines, we found that MF59 and Pam3CSK4 were not good inducers of IFN-related innate immunity pathways. By contrast, resiquimod failed to enhance the adaptive response to flu despite a strong activation of the IFN pathway in muscle and lymph nodes. By blocking IFN type I receptor through a mAb, we confirmed that the adjuvanticity of MF59 and Pam3CSK4 to a trivalent influenza vaccine and to TT is IFN independent.
Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters and Metal Thiophosphates as Lubricant Additives (2013)

Phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters and metal thiophosphates have been used as lubricant additives for over 50 years. While their use has been extensive, a detailed knowledge of how they work has been a much more recent development. In this paper, the use of phosphate esters and thiophosphate esters as anti-wear or extreme pressure additives is reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism of action. The review includes the use of alkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates and metal containing thiophosphate esters. The mechanisms of these materials interacting with a range of iron and steel based bearing material are examined.
Transformation-optical design of sharp waveguide bends and corners (2008)

Transformation optics is a recently appreciated approach for designing complex electromagnetic media. Here, we describe the extension of transformation optical techniques to include waveguide boundary conditions. We illustrate the use of finite embedded coordinate transformations to design a medium that can be incorporated into a waveguide bend or corner, rendering the structure reflectionless. The expected behavior of the waveguide bends is confirmed with numerical simulations.
Advances and Trends in Research and Development of Vehicular Electronics and Safety: Special Section (2007)

The five papers in this special section were selected from papers presented at the IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) that was held in Xi'an, China, on October 14-17, 2005. The papers cover different aspects of vehicular electronics and safety.
Shp2 Inhibits Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer via Dephosphorylation of Stat3 (2017)

Shp2 (Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2) was originally reported as an oncogene in kinds of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, recent studies indicated that Shp2 may act as tumor suppressors in several tumor types. We investigated the function of Shp2 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). The expression level of Shp2 was analyzed in tumor tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues of ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Shp2 was knocked down by Short hairpin RNA to evaluate its function in ESCC cell lines. The relationship between Shp2 and p-Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in human ESCC tissues was statistically examined. A significant low expression of Shp2 was found in ESCC tissues. Low expression of Shp2 was related to poorer overall survival in patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Knockdown of Shp2 increased the growth of ESCC cell lines both in vivo and vitro. Activation of Stat3 (p-Stat3) was induced by Shp2 depletion. Expression of p-Stat3 was negatively correlated with Shp2 expression in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of Shp2 attenuated cisplatin-sensitivity of ESCC cells. Shp2 might suppress the proliferation of ESCC by dephosphorylation of p-Stat3 and represents a novel research field for targeted therapy.
Differential Contribution of Bacterial <i>N</i> -Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl- Phenylalanine and Host-Derived CXC Chemokines to Neutrophil Infiltration into Pulmonary Alveoli during Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2007)

Despite the development of new potent antibiotics, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of death from bacterial pneumonia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment into the lungs is a primordial step towards host survival. Bacterium-derived N-formyl peptides (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP]) and host-derived chemokines (KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 [MIP-2]) are likely candidates among chemoattractants to coordinate PMN infiltration into alveolar spaces. To investigate the contribution of each in the context of pneumococcal pneumonia, CD1, BALB/c, CBA/ca, C57BL/6, and formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-knockout C57BL/6 mice were infected with 10(6) or 10(7) CFU of penicillin/erythromycin-susceptible or -resistant serotype 3 or 14 S. pneumoniae strains. Antagonists to the FPR, such as cyclosporine H (CsH) and chenodeoxycholic acid, or neutralizing antibodies to KC and MIP-2 were injected either 1 h before or 30 min after infection, and then bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were obtained for quantification of bacteria, leukocytes, and chemokines. CsH was effective over a short period after infection with a high inoculum, while anti-CXC chemokine antibodies were effective after challenge with a low inoculum. CsH prevented PMN infiltration in CD1 mice infected with either serotype 3 or 14, whereas antichemokine antibodies showed better efficacy against the serotype 3 strain. When different mouse strains were challenged with serotype 3 bacteria, CsH prevented PMN migration in the CD1 mice only, whereas the antibodies were effective against CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that fMLP and chemokines play important roles in pneumococcal pneumonia and that these roles vary according to bacterial and host genetic backgrounds, implying redundancy among chemoattractant molecules.
Application of EMG signals for controlling exoskeleton robots (2006)

Exoskeleton robots are mechanical constructions attached to human body parts, containing actuators for influencing human motion. One important application area for exoskeletons is human motion support, for example, for disabled people, including rehabilitation training, and for force enhancement in healthy subjects. This paper surveys two exoskeleton systems developed in our laboratory. The first system is a lower-extremity exoskeleton with one actuated degree of freedom in the knee joint. This system was designed for motion support in disabled people. The second system is an exoskeleton for a human hand with 16 actuated joints, four for each finger. This hand exoskeleton will be used in rehabilitation training after hand surgeries. The application of EMG signals for motion control is presented. An overview of the design and control methods, and first experimental results for the leg exoskeleton are reported.
Transition-metal complexes with sulfur ligands. 94. Synthesis and reactivity of nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes with the thiolate carbene ligand 'S2C'2-. X-ray structure determinations of [Ni(PMe3)('S2C')], [Ni(PPh3)('S2C')], [Ni('SC')2], [Pt(PMe3)('S2C')], and ('S2CO')2 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal complexes with sulfur ligands. 94. Synthesis and reactivity of nickel, palladium, and platinum complexes with the thiolate carbene ligand 'S2C'2-. X-ray structure determinations of [Ni(PMe3)('S2C')], [Ni(PPh3)('S2C')], [Ni('SC')2], [Pt(PMe3)('S2C')], and ('S2CO')2Dieter Sellmann, Werner Prechtel, Falk Knoch, and Matthias MollCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 5, 538–546Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00057a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00057a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Role of Reductase Domain Cluster 1 Acidic Residues in Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase (1999)

The nNOS reductase domain is homologous to cytochrome P450 reductase, which contains two conserved clusters of acidic residues in its FMN module that play varied roles in its electron transfer reactions. To study the role of nNOS reductase domain cluster 1 acidic residues, we mutated two conserved acidic (Asp(918) and Glu(919)) and one conserved aromatic residue (Phe(892)), and investigated the effect of each mutation on flavin binding, conformational change, electron transfer reactions, calmodulin regulation, and catalytic activities. Each mutation destabilized FMN binding without significantly affecting other aspects including substrate, cofactor or calmodulin binding, or catalytic activities upon FMN reconstitution, indicating the mutational effect was restricted to the FMN module. Characterization of the FMN-depleted mutants showed that bound FMN was essential for reduction of the nNOS heme or cytochrome c, but not for ferricyanide or dichlorophenolindolphenol, and established that the electron transfer path in nNOS is NADPH to FAD to FMN to heme. Steady-state and stopped-flow kinetic analysis revealed a novel role for bound FMN in suppressing FAD reduction by NADPH. The suppression could be relieved either by FMN removal or calmodulin binding. Calmodulin binding induced a conformational change that was restricted to the FMN module. This increased the rate of FMN reduction and triggered electron transfer to the heme. We propose that the FMN module of nNOS is the key positive or negative regulator of electron transfer at all points in nNOS. This distinguishes nNOS from other related flavoproteins, and helps explain the mechanism of calmodulin regulation.
NK and CTL Recognition of a Single Chain H-2Dd Molecule: Distinct Sites of H-2Dd Interact with NK and TCR (1999)

We generated transgenic mice expressing a single-chain beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-H-2Dd. The cell-surface beta2m-H-2Dd molecule was expressed on a beta2m-deficient background and reacted with appropriate mAbs. It was of the expected m.w. and directed the normal development of CD8+ T cells in the thymus of a broad TCR repertoire. It also presented both exogenously provided and endogenous peptide Ags to effector CD8+ T cells. In tests of NK cell education and function, it failed to reveal any interaction with NK cells, suggesting that the site of the interaction of NK receptors with H-2Dd was disrupted. Thus, the sites of TCR and NK receptor interaction with H-2Dd are distinct, an observation consistent with independent modes of TCR and NK receptor evolution and function.
Compressive Properties of Structural Clay Tile Prisms (1997)

Many buildings have been constructed with structural clay tile masonry as either infills, bearing walls, or partitions. Little data are available on the strength and constitutive properties of structural clay tile. The limited historical data and the results of some recent testing of structural clay tile prisms are presented. The current program tested side constructed prisms, or prisms with horizontal cells. Testing was performed at various angles to the bed joint. For loading perpendicular to the bed joint, the prism strength can be conservatively estimated as three-tenths of the unit tile strength. A linear relationship between the modulus of elasticity and the prism strength was also developed. Prisms loaded perpendicular to the bed joint exhibited an abrupt brittle failure, with the strain at peak load averaging 0.0014.
A miniaturized transmission line with a mesh-structure signal metal for CMOS ICs (2010)

A transmission line, which has a mesh-structure signal metal, is presented in this work for standard CMOS processes. It is desirable for a transmission line in a CMOS IC to be small in size and have low insertion loss. We propose a novel transmission line with large phase constant so that the circuit element using the proposed line can be constructed with a small area. This paper explains the proposed transmission line structure using mesh-structure signal metal and presents experimental results. This paper also describes a suitable type of transmission line for millimeter-wave CMOS IC. With the proposed transmission line, the element size can be reduced by 8.2% compared with that of the conventional one.
The general health status of heavy video game players: comparisons with Australian normative data (2009)

The health-related quality of life among heavy users of electronic entertainment has not been well described in literature. This research examined the general health status of heavy video game players. "Heavy" video game playing was defined as (a) playing for over 30 hours per week, (b) playing for at least 4 days per week, and (c) playing for an average duration of 3 hours in a typical sitting. A total of 411 participants were drawn from video game outlets and gaming cafes, and administered a survey package. The heavy playing subgroup (N=45) scored significantly lower on measures of physical functioning, mental health, vitality, general health and social functioning than normal Australian adults. The majority of this subgroup also did not meet national guidelines for weekly exercise and reported some sleep-related problems. © Virtual Reality Medical Institute.