gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of cytotoxicities of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin in Chinese hamster ovary cells by nigericin. (1981)

Nigericin and monensin, ionophores for Na+ and K+, have been found to enhance the cytotoxicities of abrin, ricin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. They do not affect the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin in the same cell line. Maximal sensitization of the CHO cells toward ricin and Pseudomonas toxin requires preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. Inhibition of protein synthesis in CHO cells by ricin or Pseudomonas toxin is also enhanced by preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. These results suggest a common step in the intoxication process of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin, the rate of which is facilitated by pretreatment with nigericin. This step is, however, not shared by the intoxication of CHO cells with diphtheria toxin.
Management of heterogeneous networks with intelligent agents (2002)

Even as statements about the challenges facing managers of heterogeneous networks seem like cliché, scholars keep giving the emerging problems increasing attention. The unpredictable nature and dynamism of networks require that new means be explored to address the consequent nondeterministic behaviors. The studies conducted thus far in our ongoing work on a Lucent-grown agent platform, the Lucent Intelligent Network Agent (LucINA), and its applications indicate that intelligent agents constitute an attractive technology to address these issues. Agents communicate at a high level of abstraction using an agent communication language (ACL). The language provides a universal wrapper for specific content and a capability to negotiate communication means including language, protocol, and domain terminology (ontology) — a characteristic very desirable in heterogeneous, multivendor environments.
A Survey on Metric Learning for Feature Vectors and Structured Data (2013)

The need for appropriate ways to measure the distance or similarity between data is ubiquitous in machine learning, pattern recognition and data mining, but handcrafting such good metrics for specific problems is generally difficult. This has led to the emergence of metric learning, which aims at automatically learning a metric from data and has attracted a lot of interest in machine learning and related fields for the past ten years. This survey paper proposes a systematic review of the metric learning literature, highlighting the pros and cons of each approach. We pay particular attention to Mahalanobis distance metric learning, a well-studied and successful framework, but additionally present a wide range of methods that have recently emerged as powerful alternatives, including nonlinear metric learning, similarity learning and local metric learning. Recent trends and extensions, such as semi-supervised metric learning, metric learning for histogram data and the derivation of generalization guarantees, are also covered. Finally, this survey addresses metric learning for structured data, in particular edit distance learning, and attempts to give an overview of the remaining challenges in metric learning for the years to come.
Fatigue as a Determinant of Health in Patients With Celiac Disease (2010)

Fatigue is a major concern in untreated celiac disease patients, which impacts their quality of life.
Eliciting Customer Preferences for Products From Navigation Behavior on the Web: A Multicriteria Decision Approach With Implicit Feedback (2009)

The goal of raising customer loyalty in electronic commerce requires an emphasis on one-to-one marketing and personalized services. To this end, it is essential to understand individual customer preferences for products. In this paper, we present a method for identifying customer preferences and recommending the most appropriate product. The identification and recommendation of such products are all based on the use of customer's real-time web usage behavior, including activities such as viewing, basket placement, and purchasing of products. Therefore, in this approach, we do not force a customer to explicitly express his or her preference information for particular products but rather capture his or her preferences from data that result from such activities. Information on the web usage behavior for the products determines the ordinal relationships among the products, which express that certain product is preferred to other products across the multiple aspects. The ordinal relationships among the products and the multiple aspects of products lead to the consideration of a multiple-criteria decision-making approach. Thus, the problem eventually results in the identification of weights attached to the multiple criteria in the multidimensional preference space constructed by the ordinal relationships among the products. The derived weights are then used for the prioritization of products that are not included in the navigation behavior due to factors such as time pressure, cognitive burden, and the like.
Alignment by maximization of mutual information (2002)

A new information-theoretic approach is presented for finding the pose of an object in an image. The technique does not require information about the surface properties of the object, besides its shape, and is robust with respect to variations of illumination. In our derivation, few assumptions are made about the nature of the imaging process. As a result, the algorithms are quite general and can foreseeably be used in a wide variety of imaging situations. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the approach in registering magnetic resonance images, aligning a complex 3D object model to real scenes including clutter and occlusion, tracking a human head in a video sequence and aligning a view-based 2D object model to real images. The method is based on a formulation of the mutual information between the model and the image. As applied in this paper, the technique is intensity-based, rather than feature-based. It works well in domains where edge or gradient-magnitude based methods have difficulty, yet it is more robust then traditional correlation. Additionally, it has an efficient implementation that is based on stochastic approximation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Review of Hydraulic Fracture Models and Development of an Improved Pseudo-3D Model for Stimulating Tight Oil/Gas Sand (2010)

Abstract Many injection/production wells have been hydraulically fractured to enhance injectivity/productivity. Various engineering models for fracture geometry have been developed, which define the propagation of a fracture with time and wellbore treatment pressure. These models combine with elasticity, fluid flow, material balance, and propagation criterion/in-situ stresses. When this combination describes the fracture dimensions, the fracture-geometry can be of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D), depending on the number of dimensional variables. For design purposes, several 2D and 3D models are already developed. But it is still a concern in the oil industry as to which model is beneficial to design optimum treatment parameters for a particular tight sand, because despite many successes, there have been many wells of poor post-fracture productivity. This article provides a review of 2D and 3D fracture models for prediction of fracture geometry. A P-3D (pseudo) model has been improved by incorporating Carter solution of material balance for the first time and was named P-3D-C model, which has predicted higher fracture conductivity. The improved model is highly potential for repetitive computation in hydraulic fracture design optimization.
New recombinant vaccines based on the use of prokaryotic antigen-display systems (2004)

A major challenge in vaccine design has been to identify antigen presentation systems that elicit strong T- and B-cell responses. In the authors' laboratory, two new delivery vehicles derived from nonpathogenic prokaryotic organisms were recently designed and investigated. Conserved antigenic determinants were inserted into the N-terminal region of the major pVIII coat protein of bacteriophage fd virions or on the surface of an icosahedral scaffold formed by the acyltransferase component (E2 protein) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The data indicate that the antigenic determinant displayed by either fd virions or on the surface of the E2 lattice are accessible to the immune system, and are able to trigger a humoral response as well as a potent helper and cytolytic response in vitro and in vivo. These systems offer the potential for safe and inexpensive vaccines to elicit full-spectrum immune responses.
Sexual Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Phosphorylation of Yeast Glyoxalase I by a Cell Extract of Mating Factor-Treated Cells (1990)

The phosphorylation of glyoxalase I was observed when the phosphatase-treated enzyme was incubated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP and a cell extract prepared from alpha-type yeast cells which had been treated with the culture supernatant of a-type yeast cells. The phosphorylated protein was identified as glyoxalase I by using anti-glyoxalase I rabbit immunoglobulin G.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Ethylene (Co-)Polymerization Screening of Amidate Half-Titanocene Dichlorides (2010)

A series of amidate half-titanocene dichlorides, Cp′TiLCl2 [Cp′ = Cp (as η5-C5H5) or Cp* (as η5-C5Me5), L = N-(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)-p-R-benzamides; C1: Cp′ = Cp, R = OMe; C2: Cp′ = Cp, R = Me; C3: Cp′ = Cp, R = H; C4: Cp′ = Cp, R = F; C5: Cp′ = Cp, R = Cl; C6: Cp′ = Cp*, R = OMe; C7: Cp′ = Cp*, R = Me], have been synthesized by the stoichiometric reaction of Cp′TiCl3 with the corresponding potassium amidates. All complexes are fully characterized by elemental and NMR analyses. The molecular structures of complexes C2 and C4 are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the amidate moieties coordinate the titanium center by imino and alkoxide groups. The systems C1−C7/MAO show much higher activities toward ethylene polymerization than CpTiCl3/MAO or Cp*TiCl3/MAO systems. The procatalysts (C6 and C7) bearing a Cp* ligand exhibit higher activities than their analogues (C1−C5) containing a Cp ligand, while the amidate ligands containing electron-donating groups positively affect the catalytic behavior. Both increasing the ratio of MAO to titanium and reducing reaction temperature enhance the productivities; however, the molecular weights of the resultant polymers decrease with higher activities. Moreover, the C6/MAO system performs with high activity in the copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene or 1-octene.
Neural network based optimum radar target detection in non-Gaussian noise (2003)

The application of neural networks to radar target detection in non-Gaussian noise environments is investigated. Two new probabilistic neural networks, the Gram-Charlier neural network and the Gram-Charlier probabilistic neural network, were applied to the radar detection. The performance of these detectors was evaluated and compared with backpropagation and Bayesian classifiers by simulation for Gaussian, Weibull, and lognormal noise environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alkylation of Nucleic Acids by a Model Quinone Methide (1999)

Quinone methides and related electrophiles represent a common class of intermediates that form during metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics and may lead to DNA alkylation. The intrinsic reactivity of these species has now been characterized using a stable model compound, O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-bromomethylphenol, designed to generate an o-quinone methide in the presence of fluoride. The resulting deoxynucleoside adducts were assigned unambiguously through use of two-dimensional NMR and, in particular, heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity (HMBC). Both purines, dG and dA, reacted at their exo-amino groups. In contrast, dC had previously been shown to react at its cyclic N3 position [Rokita, S. E.; Yang, J.; Pande, P.; Greenberg, W. A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3010−3012], and the relatively nonnucleophilic T remained inert under all conditions examined. Surprisingly, the efficiency of cytosine modification exceeded that of adenine and guanine by more than 10-fold in competition studies with the deoxymononucleosides. Reaction of all residues was suppressed in duplex DNA, but none was affected more than cytosine (>3600-fold). Guanine consequently emerged as the predominant target in duplex DNA in accord with the selectivity of most natural products forming quinone methide-like species. These general observations may then in part reflect the ability of the exo-amino group of guanine to maintain its reactivity most effectively from nucleoside to helical DNA.
Combined Feedback–Feedforward Control of Wind Turbines Using State-Constrained Model Predictive Control (2013)

An application of model predictive control (MPC) to the wind turbine collective pitch and torque control problem in full-load operation is presented. The applied controller is able to include upstream wind speed information, e.g., from light detection and ranging measurements. Furthermore, a method is presented to include constraints on the turbine states in the problem formulation, such as on rotor speed, even in the presence of unmeasured disturbances. In a simulation study, the effects of both preview control and state constraints are evaluated for three different scenarios: normal operation, gusts, and grid-loss load cases. It is found that preview control provides significant benefits in normal operation and under gust conditions. It is further found that including state constraints in the MPC formulation can be used to avoid unnecessary shutdowns due to the violation of the overspeed limit or to control the turbine effectively when the turbine needs to run at a reduced level of generator torque.
Protective Role of Methylene Blue in Alzheimer's Disease via Mitochondria and Cytochrome c Oxidase (2010)

The key cytopathologies in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients include mitochondrial dysfunction and energy hypometabolism, which are likely caused by the accumulation of toxic species of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. This review discusses two potential approaches to delay the onset of AD. The first approach is use of diaminophenothiazines (e.g., methylene blue; MB) to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and to attenuate energy hypometabolism. We have shown that MB increases heme synthesis, cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and mitochondrial respiration, which are impaired in AD brains. Consistently, MB is one of the most effective agents to delay senescence in normal human cells. A key action of MB appears to be enhancing mitochondrial function, which is achieved at nM concentrations. We propose that the cycling of MB between the reduced leucomethylene blue (MBH2) and the oxidized (MB) forms may explain, in part, the mitochondria-protecting activities of MB. The second approach is use of naturally occurring osmolytes to prevent the formation of toxic forms of Abeta. Osmolytes (e.g., taurine, carnosine) are brain metabolites typically accumulated in tissues at relatively high concentrations following stress conditions. Osmolytes enhance thermodynamic stability of proteins by stabilizing natively-folded protein conformation, thus preventing aggregation, without perturbing other cellular processes. Experimental evidence suggests that the level of carnosine is significantly lower in AD patients. Osmolytes may inhibit the formation of Abeta species in vivo, thus preventing the formation of soluble oligomers. Osmolytes are efficient antioxidants that may also increase neural resistance to Abeta. The potential significance of combining MB and osmolytes to treat AD are discussed.
GNSS Multipath Mitigation Using Gated and High Resolution Correlator Concepts (1999)

This paper considers Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) receiver signal processing–based methods for
mitigating multipath using novel correlator waveform
concepts. The “Gated Correlator” approach utilizes
blanking of the received signal between code chip
transitions. Applying the Gated Correlator to GPS C/A–
code yields code and carrier multipath mitigation perfor-mance
that surpasses conventional GPS P–code
performance. The “High Resolution Correlator” tech-nique approximates the performance of the Gated Corre-lator
but can be obtained using multiple correlator outputs
from conventional receiver hardware. The multipath
performance of these methods is similar to the perfor-mance
claimed for other methods reported in the litera-ture.
However here a complete derivation for these
methods is presented as well as a detailed assessment of
the performance of these techniques in the presence of
wideband noise.
Triangular NURBS surface modeling of scattered data (1996)

We propose to fit triangular NURBS surfaces to noisy, sparse, scattered 3D data while simultaneously localizing and preserving sharp edges. We use a vector voting method to interpolate, from sparse data, three dense potential fields for surfaces, edges, and junctions. The global voting interpolants encode several human perceptual grouping principles such as cosurfacity, proximity, and constancy of curvature. The inferred potential fields are stored in three volumetric grids, giving each voxel the probability of being a surface point, an edge point, and a junction point. Then we use a new model called winged B snakes, which are deformable triangular NURBS surfaces embedded with active curves, to fit the surfaces and align the edges and junctions. Finally, a smooth C/sup 1/ surface which preserves discontinuity edges and junctions is constructed. Fine tuning and surface fairing is done by adjusting the weights.
ChemInform Abstract: CREEP DEFORMATION OF REACTION‐SINTERED SILICON NITRIDES (1976)

Abstract Das stationäre Kriechverhalten von durch Spritz‐ und "slip"‐Guß hergestellten SiN 4 ‐Proben wird durch 4‐Punktbiegungsversuche im Spannungsbereich von l0 000 bis 20 000 psibei Temperaturen von 1200 bis l450°C untersucht.
The ESX-5 Associated eccB5-eccC5 Locus Is Essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Viability (2012)

The recently described ESX-5 secretion system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most important modulators of host-pathogen interactions due to its crucial impact on PPE protein secretion, cell wall stability and virulence. Although various components of the ESX-5 secretion machinery have been defined, other ESX-5 core components still remain to be characterized. In this study, we focused on EccB(5) and EccC(5), a transmembrane protein (EccB(5)) and a membrane-bound ATPase (EccC(5)), both predicted to be building blocks of the M. tuberculosis ESX-5 membrane-associated complex. In vitro expression studies demonstrated that EccB(5) and EccC(5) encoding genes constitute an operon. The expression of this operon is essential for M. tuberculosis, since the deletion of the eccB(5)-eccC(5) genomic segment at the ESX-5 locus is possible only after the integration of a second functional copy of eccB(5)-eccC(5) genes into the M. tuberculosis chromosome. The characterization of two M. tuberculosis conditional mutant strains (Mtb(Pptr)eccB(5) and Mtb(Pptr)eccC(5)), in which the eccB(5)-eccC(5) operon or the eccC(5) gene, respectively, were expressed under the control of an anhydrotetracycline-repressible promoter, confirmed that the repression of eccB(5)-eccC(5) genes is detrimental for growth of M. tuberculosis both in vitro and in THP-1 human macrophage cell line. Moreover, analysis of the secretome of Mtb(Pptr)eccB(5)-eccC(5) and Mtb(Pptr)eccC(5) strains revealed that both EccB(5) and EccC(5) are required for secretion of ESX-5 specific substrates, thus confirming that they are indeed components of the ESX-5 secretion machinery. Taken together these findings demonstrate the importance of an intact and functional ESX-5 system for viability of M. tuberculosis, thus opening new interesting options for alternative antimycobacterial control strategies.
Rapid Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection of Cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) and Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (VKORC1) Genes for the Warfarin Dose Adjustment by the SMart-Amplification Process Version 2 (2009)

Abstract Background: Polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9) gene (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3) and the VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1) gene (−1639G&gt;A) greatly impact the maintenance dose for the drug warfarin. Prescreening patients for their genotypes before prescribing the drug facilitates a faster individualized determination of the proper maintenance dose, minimizing the risk for adverse reaction and reoccurrence of thromboembolic episodes. With current methodologies, therapy can be delayed by several hours to 1 day if genotyping is to determine the loading dose. A simpler and more rapid genotyping method is required. Methods: We developed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-detection assay based on the SMart Amplification Process version 2 (SMAP 2) to analyze CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and VKORC1 −1639G&gt;A polymorphisms. Blood from consenting participants was used directly in a closed-tube real-time assay without DNA purification to obtain results within 1 h after blood collection. Results: We analyzed 125 blood samples by both SMAP 2 and PCR-RFLP methods. The results showed perfect concordance. Conclusions: The results validate the accuracy of the SMAP 2 for determination of SNPs critical to personalized warfarin therapy. SMAP 2 offers speed, simplicity of sample preparation, the convenience of isothermal amplification, and assay-design flexibility, which are significant advantages over conventional genotyping technologies. In this example and other clinical scenarios in which genetic testing is required for immediate and better-informed therapeutic decisions, SMAP 2–based diagnostics have key advantages.
Correlative Anatomy for the Electrophysiologist, Part I: The Pericardial Space, Oblique Sinus, Transverse Sinus (2010)

There is an increasing need for invasive electrophysiologists to appreciate the exact anatomy of the epicardial space and the coronary veins. The location of the epicardial fat, the complementary relationship with the main cardiac veins, and the location of sensitive structures (arteries, phrenic nerve, esophagus) have become required knowledge for electrophysiologists, and accessing the epicardial space with this thorough knowledge of the pericardial sinuses and recesses is essential to allow radiographic correlation during catheter manipulation. In this review, we briefly describe the anatomy of the pericardial space and then discuss the specific correlation for the invasive electrophysiologist, highlighting epicardial access, catheter navigation, and avoidance of collateral injury with specific attention to the important recesses of the pericardial space, their regional anatomy, and radiographic correlation when navigating catheters to these locations. We also discuss the anatomy of the main cardiac veins in the context of catheter mapping and ablation of the epicardial substrate through the venous system and without subxiphoid pericardial access. In Part I of this two-part series, we discuss the regional anatomy of the pericardial space, oblique sinus, and transverse sinus.