gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOWARD AN INTEGRATION OF THEORY AND METHOD FOR CRITERION‐REFERENCED TESTS<sup>1,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1973)

In this paper, an attempt has been made to synthesize some of the current thinking in the area of criterion‐referenced testing as well as to provide the beginning of an integration of theory and method for such testing. Since criterion‐referenced testing is viewed from a decision‐theoretic point of view, approaches to reliability and validity estimation consistent with this philosophy are suggested. Also, to improve the decision‐making accuracy of criterion‐referenced tests, a Bayesian procedure for estimating true mastery scores has been proposed. This Bayesian procedure uses information about other members of a student's group (collateral information), but the resulting estimation is still criterion referenced rather than norm referenced in that the student is compared to a standard rather than to other students. In theory, the Bayesian procedure increases the “effective length” of the test by improving the reliability, the validity, and more importantly, the decision‐making accuracy of the criterion‐referenced test scores.
Quantitative augmentation of immune cells in elderly normal mice byshort-term, daily consumption of an extract of North American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius). (2013)

As mammals age, the cells of the immune system (IS) decline quantitatively and functionally, concomitant with which diseases such as cancer progressively increase in frequency. We have previously demonstrated in normal, juvenile mice that a specific, proprietary extract of North American ginseng, i.e., CVT-E002, is capable of significantly, quantitatively stimulating IS cells. We have previously revealed that the mechanisms responsible for the low numbers of immune cells seen in both juvenile and aging mice are very different. In the present study, we assessed the ability of CVT-E002 to restore/stimulate the declining immune cell numbers of aged mice. CVT-E002 (80mg in 6 gm chow/mouse) was added to the chow daily of 22 month old (= approximately 70 human years) normal, female C3H/HeN mice for 5 weeks. At 5 wk, the spleen and bone marrow were analyzed quantitatively for their content of lymphocytes, NK cells (the first line of defense against developing neoplasms), and “other” cells, i.e., those of the various hemopoietic lineages. Since the bone marrow is the central generating site of all NK cells, the observed significant augmentation in the numbers of these cells in that organ after consuming CVT-E002 for only 5 wk, necessarily reflects a CVT-E002-mediated stimulation of the production of new cells in this important tumor defense mechanism.
Impaired bone marrow homing of cytokine-activated CD34+ cells in the NOD/SCID model (2003)

The reduced engraftment potential of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) after exposure to cytokines may be related to the impaired homing ability of actively cycling cells. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the short-term homing of human adult CD34+ cells in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) animals. We show that the loss of engraftment ability of cytokine-activated CD34+ cells is associated with a reduction in homing of colony-forming cells (CFCs) to bone marrow (BM) at 24 hours after transplantation (from median 2.8% [range, 1.9%-6.1%] to 0.3% [0.0%-0.7%]; n = 3; P < .01), coincident with an increase in CFC accumulation in the lungs (P < .01). Impaired BM homing of cytokine-activated cells was not restored by using sorted cells in G0G1 or by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S border. Blocking Fas ligation in vivo did not increase the BM homing of cultured cells. Finally, we tested cytokine combinations or culture conditions previously reported to restore the engraftment of cultured cells but did not find that any of these was able to reverse the changes in homing behavior of cytokine-exposed cells. We suggest that these changes in homing and, as a consequence, engraftment result from the increased migratory capacity of infused activated cells, leading to the loss of selectivity of the homing process.
Monitoring dissolved CO2 in groundwater for CO2 leakage detection in a shallow aquifer (2014)

This study presents demonstration of monitoring dissolved CO2 using fiber-optic CO2 sensors for CO2 leakage detection through a small-scale field test. Theoretical analysis of CO2 leakage into a potable aquifer system with and without the presence of carbonates in the aquifer sediments suggests that dissolved CO2 is a good indicator of CO2 leakage. CO2 leakage was simulated through two pulse-like CO2 releases into a single testing well which were monitored with a fiber-optic CO2 sensor and periodic groundwater sampling. Field results show that the changes in dissolved CO2 concentrations were detected by the CO2 sensor, confirming that it is possible to use chemical sensors for real-time in situ leakage detection at a geological carbon sequestration site.
Apartheid Baltimore Style: The Residential Segregation Ordinances of 1910-1913 (1983)

On May 15, 1911, Baltimore Mayor J. Barry Mahool signed into law an ordinance for “preserving the peace, preventing conflict and ill feeling between the white and colored races in Baltimore City.” This ordinance provided for the use of separate blocks by African American and whites and was the first such law in the nation directly aimed at segregating black and white homeowners. This article considers the historical significance of Baltimore’s first housing segregation law.
NorB, an Efflux Pump in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strain MW2, Contributes to Bacterial Fitness in Abscesses (2008)

While remaining a major problem in hospitals, Staphylococcus aureus is now spreading in communities. Strain MW2 (USA400 lineage) and other community methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains most commonly cause skin infections with abscess formation. Multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps contribute to antimicrobial resistance but may also contribute to bacterial survival by removal of environmental toxins. In S. aureus, NorA, NorB, NorC, and Tet38 are chromosomally encoded efflux pumps whose overexpression can confer MDR to quinolones and other compounds (Nor pumps) or tetracyclines alone (Tet38), but the natural substrates of these pumps are not known. To determine the role of these efflux pumps in a natural environment in the absence of antibiotics, we used strain MW2 in a mouse subcutaneous abscess model and compared pump gene expression as determined by reverse transcription-PCR in the abscesses and in vitro. norB and tet38 were selectively upregulated in vivo more than 171- and 24-fold, respectively, whereas norA and norC were downregulated. These changes were associated with an increase in expression of mgrA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator known to affect pump gene expression. In competition experiments using equal inocula of a norB or tet38 mutant and parent strain MW2, each mutant exhibited growth defects of about two- to threefold in vivo. In complementation experiments, a single-copy insertion of norB (but not a single-copy insertion of tet38) in the attB site within geh restored the growth fitness of the norB mutant in vivo. Our findings indicate that some MDR pumps, like NorB, can facilitate bacterial survival when they are overexpressed in a staphylococcal abscess and may contribute to the relative resistance of abscesses to antimicrobial therapy, thus linking bacterial fitness and resistance in vivo.
Discovery of <i>N</i>-[4-[6-<i>tert</i>-Butyl-5-methoxy-8-(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1<i>H</i>-pyridin-3-yl)-3-quinolyl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide (RG7109), a Potent Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase (2013)

In the past few years, there have been many advances in the efforts to cure patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The ultimate goal of these efforts is to develop a combination therapy consisting of only direct-antiviral agents (DAAs). In this paper, we discuss our efforts that led to the identification of a bicyclic template with potent activity against the NS5B polymerase, a critical enzyme on the life cycle of HCV. In continuation of our exploration to improve the stilbene series, the 3,5,6,8-tetrasubstituted quinoline core was identified as replacement of the stilbene moiety. 6-Methoxy-2(1H)-pyridone was identified among several heterocyclic headgroups to have the best potency. Solubility of the template was improved by replacing a planar aryl linker with a saturated pyrrolidine. Profiling of the most promising compounds led to the identification of quinoline 41 (RG7109), which was selected for advancement to clinical development.
Data communications in a deregulated environment (1999)

The trend toward electric utility deregulation is moving full speed ahead throughout the world. As a result, the integration, consolidation, and dissemination of information both inter- and intra-utility has become a critical piece of the deregulation picture. Information traditionally used only within a given utility now becomes desired by many players. The general trend in the industry has been toward the use of the Internet for the transfer of data. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) launched a concept in 1990 known as the Utility Communication Architecture (UCA). The goal behind UCA was to identify a suite of existing communication protocols that could be easily mixed and matched, provide the foundation for the functionality required to solve the utility enterprise communication issues, and be extensible for the future. UCA provides a network solution to the interconnection of data sources, similar to the Web solution used throughout the world to interconnect computers. At this time, the next generation of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) based on UCA are coming to the market. These devices are focused on networking in the substation and are based on an MMS/Ethernet profile with one of two networking layers in between.
Increased Production of 12/15 Lipoxygenase Eicosanoids Accelerates Monocyte/Endothelial Interactions in Diabetic db/db Mice (2003)

Atherosclerosis is a major complication of diabetes. Up to 16 weeks of age, the db/db mouse is insulin-resistant and hyperglycemic and is a good model of Type 2 diabetes. After approximately 16 weeks of age, the mice develop pancreatic beta cell failure that can progress to a Type 1 diabetes phenotype. We have previously shown that glucose increases production of endothelial 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LO) products in vitro. In young 10-week-old Type 2 diabetic db/db mice, we found significant elevations in levels of urinary 12/15LO products, 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) and 13S-hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (13S-HODE) in vivo compared with C57BLKS/J mice. Using isolated primary aortic endothelial cells (ECs) from db/db mice and WEHI78/24 mouse monocyte cells in static adhesion assays, we found increased WEHI monocyte adhesion to db/db ECs (14 +/- 2 monocytes/field for db/db ECs versus 4 +/- 1 monocytes/field for C57BLKS/J ECs, p < 0.002). Thus, ECs from db/db mice appear to be "pre-activated" to bind monocytes. Analysis of db/db ECs revealed a 2-fold elevation in 12/15LO protein compared with C57BLKS/J EC. To determine that 12/15LO products were responsible for the increased monocyte adhesion observed with db/db ECs, we inhibited expression of murine 12/15LO using either an adenovirus expressing a ribozyme to 12/15LO (AdRZ) or with the 12/15LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate. Treatment of db/db ECs for 48 h with AdRZ or 4 h with 10 microm cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate significantly reduced monocyte adhesion to db/db endothelium (p < 0.009). Thus, inhibition of the murine 12/15LO in db/db mice significantly reduced monocyte/endothelial interactions. We also found that adhesion of monocytes to diabetic db/db ECs was mediated by interactions of alpha4beta1 integrin on monocytes with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and connecting segment 1 fibronectin and interactions of beta2 integrins with endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In summary, regulation of the 12/15LO pathway is important for mediating early vascular changes in diabetes. Modulation of the 12/15LO pathway in the vessel wall may provide therapeutic benefit for early vascular inflammatory events in diabetes.
3D gesture classification with convolutional neural networks (2014)

In this paper, we present an approach that classifies 3D gestures using jointly accelerometer and gyroscope signals from a mobile device. The proposed method is based on a convolutional neural network with a specific structure involving a combination of 1D convolution, averaging, and max-pooling operations. It directly classifies the fixed-length input matrix, composed of the normalised sensor data, as one of the gestures to be recognises. Experimental results on different datasets with varying training/testing configurations show that our method outperforms or is on par with current state-of-the-art methods for almost all data configurations.
Synthesis of 1,2-trans C-glycosyl compounds by reductive samariation of glycosyl iodides (2000)

Reductive samariation of per-O-trimethylsilyl or benzyl glycopyranosyl iodides in the presence of carbonyl compounds provides the corresponding 1,2-trans-C-glycosyl compounds in good yields.
Quelleninstitutionen (1981)

Die legitimen Institutionen zur Bewahrung und Überlieferung literarischer Quellen, der Handschriften und Drucke, sind von alters her die Bibliotheken. Man sammelte an vielen Orten unter verschiedenen Bedingungen in unterschiedlichem Umfang die literarischen Produkte in der eigenen Sprache, und so entstanden oft reiche Buchbestände zur deutschen Literatur. Eine vollständige Sammlung der erscheinenden Literatur war erst seit 1913 mit der Gründung der Deutschen Bücherei in Leipzig gewährleistet. Seit 1945 existiert außerdem für das westdeutsche Schrifttum die Deutsche Bibliothek in Frankfurt a. M.
Construction and Characterization of Human Salivary Histatin-5 Multimers (1999)

Human salivary histatin-5 (Hsn-5), a 24-amino acid polypeptide, is a potent candidacidal molecule. In this study, we have explored the following two hypotheses: More potent Hsn molecules may be achieved by duplication of the functional domain of Hsn-5 (C16, residues 9-24 of Hsn-5), and Hsn may act like other cationic peptides which aggregate and form channels across the target membrane. A PCR-based gene splicing by overlap extension (SOE) method was used to construct the DNA fragments encoding the following fusion molecules: Hsn-5--Hsn-5, Hsn-5--C16, and C16--C16. These constructs were expressed in E. coli, the proteins produced were purified, and their anticandidal activities as well as secondary structures were determined. Contrary to our hypotheses, results showed that none of the multimers possessed increased candidacidal activity. Specifically, C16--C16 and Hsn-5--C16 displayed candidacidal activity comparable with that of Hsn-5, while Hsn-5--Hsn-5 possessed significantly decreased candidacidal activity, yet all molecules retained an alpha-helical structure in a hydrophobic environment. Additionally, the circular dichroism data showed that Hsn-5 in an alpha-helical conformation does not aggregate in a hydrophobic environment, not even at 14- to 18-fold its physiological concentration. Our results suggest that the development of enhanced Hsn-5 molecules may not be achieved by duplication of its functional domain, and that Hsns may not act like other antimicrobial cationic peptides which aggregate and form channels across the target membrane.
Novel mismatch compensation methods for rate-integrating gyroscopes (2012)

We propose two new controls to improve the performance of rate-integrating MEMS gyroscopes (RIGs). The first control loop dynamically determines and compensates for damping mismatch by creating a force on the gyroscope to oppose the apparent force due to damping mismatch. The second control loop extends this concept to frequency mismatch to eliminate residual quadrature which would otherwise accumulate due to lag in the control system. The proposed control loops have been investigated using simulation results from a non-ideal gyroscope including frequency and damping mismatch as well as control delay and capacitive feed-through. Experimental results of the controls being applied to a MEMS rate-integrating gyroscope are also presented. In simulation, the controls can reduce the drift in a gyroscope by better than two orders of magnitude. In a physical gyroscope, the mismatch parameters do not match the normal first order model, however RMS drift is reduced by 25%.
Fluctuation contrast and speech-on-speech masking: Model midbrain responses to simultaneous speech (2017)

At the level of the auditory midbrain, low-frequency fluctuations within each frequency channel drive neurons with band-pass modulation transfer functions (MTFs). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in ascending neural signals is affected by stimulus amplitude due to the gradual saturation of the inner hair cells (IHCs) beginning at moderate sound levels. This level dependence of low-frequency fluctuation amplitudes results in contrast cues at the level of the midbrain: Spectral peaks result in lower responses of cells with bandpass-MTFs, whereas spectral valleys result in higher responses. Here, we focus on model population midbrain responses with different best-modulation frequencies (BMFs) to simultaneous speech. Midbrain responses were simulated for single hearing-in-noise (HINT) sentences and for a pair of simultaneous sentences, spoken by a male and a female. Correlations between population responses to individual male (or female) sentences and responses to simultaneous sentences vary with BMF in the range of the male (or female) fundamental frequencies. The pattern of fluctuation contrast across frequency in the midbrain representation provides a framework for studying speech-on-speech masking for listeners with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss.
Mid-infrared ultra-high-Q resonators based on fluoride crystalline materials (2016)

The unavailability of highly transparent materials in the mid-infrared has been the main limitation in the development of ultra-sensitive molecular sensors or cavity-based spectroscopy applications. Whispering gallery mode microresonators have attained ultra-high-quality (Q) factor resonances in the near-infrared and visible. Here we report ultra-high Q factors in the mid-infrared using polished alkaline earth metal fluoride crystals. Using an uncoated chalcogenide tapered fibre as a high-ideality coupler in the mid-infrared, we study via cavity ringdown technique the losses of BaF<sub>2</sub>, CaF<sub>2</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub> and SrF<sub>2</sub> microresonators. We show that MgF<sub>2</sub> is limited by multiphonon absorption by studying the temperature dependence of the Q factor. In contrast, in SrF<sub>2</sub> and BaF<sub>2</sub> the lower multiphonon absorption leads to ultra-high Q factors at 4.5 μm. These values correspond to an optical finesse of , the highest value achieved for any type of mid-infrared resonator to date.
Genetic predisposition for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese children (1996)

Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics (New Series), 1997, v. 2(1), pp. 81-97 contain abstrcats of the Forum
Effect of chloro- and bromo-derivatives of isocrotonic acid of bioenergetic processes in Ehrlich ascites cells and isolated mitochondria. (1979)

The effect of nine chloro- and bromoderivatives of isocrotonic acid on some bioenergetic processes in both Ehrlich ascites cells and isolated rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. Substances studied in the concentration range 25--200 microM significantly inhibited incorporation of both 14C-adenine and 14C-valine into acid-insoluble material of Ehrlich ascites cells. The rate of 14C-precursors incorporation being directly related to the concentration of the inhibitor. Gamma,gamma-bis-4-ethylphenyl-alpha,beta-dichloroisocrotonic acid fully inhibits both aerobic glucose utilization and lactic acid formation at 200 microM concentration. At lower concentrations, however, glycolysis is stimulated. Maximal stimulation of rat liver mitochondrial respiration in state 4 with succinate as substrate was reached at concentrations as low as 10 microM. On the other hand, these substances were able to release by the oligomycin inhibited respiration of rat liver mitochondria. Our data suggest that cytotoxic and cancerostatic action of isocrotonic acid derivatives lies primarily in the exclusion of key processes in the energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites cells and isolated mitochondria.
PID controller tuning by frequency loop-shaping: application to diffusion furnace temperature control (2000)

A frequency loop-shaping technique for tuning proportional-integral-derivative controllers is applied to temperature control of a three-zone industrial diffusion furnace used in semiconductor manufacturing. In this tuning method the controller parameters are tuned so as to minimize the difference between the actual and a target loop transfer function, in an /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin// sense. The problem is formulated in the frequency domain as a convex optimization which can be solved numerically in a reliable way. This method, combined with a system identification step, has produced very satisfactory controllers for the furnace temperature control application.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of New N‐Heterocyclic Bis(carbene)ruthenium Complexes (2009)

Abstract The reaction of RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 with t BuOK‐deprotonated ortho ‐xylyl‐bis( N ‐imidazolinium) salts 1a – d yields RuCl 2 (PPh 3 )[bis(imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)] complexes ( 2a – d ). Under similar conditions, [RuCl 2 ( p ‐cymene)] 2 leads to the ruthenium complex 3 containing a tridentate η 6 ‐arene‐dicarbene ligand. All synthesized compounds were characterized byelemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of 2a , 2b and 3 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The catalytic activity of RuCl 2 (PPh 3 )[bis(imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)] complexes 2a – b was evaluated in the direct arylation of 2‐phenylpyridine with chlorobenzene derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Histopathological Image Analysis: Path to Acceptance through Evaluation (2016)

Journal Article Histopathological Image Analysis: Path to Acceptance through Evaluation Get access Metin N Gurcan Metin N Gurcan Department of Biomedical Informatics, OSU, Columbus, OH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 1004–1005, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616005869 Published: 25 July 2016
Understanding the sodium pump and its relevance to disease (1994)

Na,K-ATPase (sodium pump; EC 3.6.1.37) is present in the membrane of most eukaryotic cells and controls directly or indirectly many essential cellular functions. Regulation of this enzyme (ion transporter) and its individual isoforms is believed to play a key role in the etiology of some pathological processes. The sodium pump is the only known receptor for the cardiac glycosides. However, endogenous ligands structurally similar to digoxin or ouabain may control the activity of this important molecular complex. Here we review the structure and function of Na,K-ATPase, its expression and distribution in tissues, and its interaction with known ligands such as the cardiac glycosides and other suspected endogenous regulators. Also reviewed are various disorders, including cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and metabolic diseases, purported to involve dysfunction of Na,K-ATPase activity. The escalation in knowledge at the molecular level concerning sodium pump function foreshadows application of this knowledge in the clinical laboratory to identify individuals at risk for Na,K-ATPase-associated diseases.