gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(111,111/002) Enhanced Borrmann Effect in Heat Treated Czochralski Grown Silicon Crystals (1980)

Abstract The “enhanced” Borrmann effect present in the ease of simultaneous reflection on (11̅1) and (11̅1̅) (three beam case (11̅1, 11̅1̅/002)) is for the first time applied to the investigation of defects in crystals, i.e. oxygen clusters in heat treated Czochralski grown Silicon. From a comparison of the three beam intensities with those of the two beam case on (220) with CuKα radiation in crystals annealed at 1000 °C it is concluded that at the beginning of the heat treatment a relaxation of the strains due to unstable positioning of the interstitial oxygen atoms and an increase of local strains due to the growth of precipitates proceeded simultaneously.
Restoration of T-cell Effector Function, Depletion of Tregs, and Direct Killing of Tumor Cells: The Multiple Mechanisms of Action of a-TIGIT Antagonist Antibodies (2020)

TIGIT is an immune checkpoint inhibitor expressed by effector CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, NK cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Inhibition of TIGIT-ligand binding using antagonistic anti-TIGIT mAbs has shown <i>in vitro</i> potential to restore T-cell function and therapeutic efficacy in murine tumor models when combined with an anti-PD(L)-1 antibody. In the current work, we demonstrate broader TIGIT expression than previously reported in healthy donors and patients with cancer with expression on γδ T cells, particularly in CMV-seropositive donors, and on tumor cells from hematologic malignancies. Quantification of TIGIT density revealed tumor-infiltrating Tregs as the population expressing the highest receptor density. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of anti-TIGIT mAbs might be wider than the previously described anti-PD(L)-1-like restoration of αβ T-cell function. CD155 also mediated inhibition of γδ T cells, an immune population not previously described to be sensitive to TIGIT inhibition, which could be fully prevented via use of an antagonistic anti-TIGIT mAb (EOS-448). In PBMCs from patients with cancer, as well as in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from mice, the higher TIGIT expression in Tregs correlated with strong antibody-dependent killing and preferential depletion of this highly immunosuppressive population. Accordingly, the ADCC/ADCP-enabling format of the anti-TIGIT mAb had superior antitumor activity, which was dependent upon Fcγ receptor engagement. In addition, the anti-TIGIT mAb was able to induce direct killing of TIGIT-expressing tumor cells both in human patient material and in animal models, providing strong rationale for therapeutic intervention in hematologic malignancies. These findings reveal multiple therapeutic opportunities for anti-TIGIT mAbs in cancer therapeutics.
Millimeter-wave BiST and BiSC using a high-definition sub-ranged detector in 90nm CMOS (2010)

A wideband CMOS mm-Wave amplitude detector for on-chip self-test and calibration is presented. The high-conversion-gain detector enables accurate on-chip amplitude measurements and allows for the prediction of key RF parameters. The detector operates across the 60 GHz band and achieves a dynamic range of 0-0.5 V and a sensitivity of -9 V/V. The detector's practical use in mm-wave Built-in-Self-Test (BiST) and Built-in-Self-Calibration (BiSC) circuits is demonstrated using a 60 GHz CMOS LNA. Simulation results show that the LNA gain, compression point, and intermodulation distortion are predicted with minimal error. The detector and LNA are built in IBM's 90 nm CMOS technology.
The Evolution of Screening Systems for Optimum Granular Fertilizer Product Quality (2014)

Until around the 1980's, the accepted typical size distribution standards for granular fertilizer was Tyler 6 to 16 (1.18-3.35 mm) in the U.S. and 1-4 mm in many other parts of the world. However, in order to avoid caking dust problems during handling operations and to improve the evenness of fertilizer distribution from mechanical spreaders, fertilizer product quality expectations in the marketplace have changed. Attention has been focused on eliminating small granules, moving towards a much more closely sized product and generally increasing the median size of granular products.
An acute study on the relative gastro-intestinal absorption of a novel form of calcium ascorbate. (1987)

Several functions of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) have been suggested in addition to its role in the prevention of scurvy. Consequently, a controversy has arisen over the daily intake of the vitamin which will afford maximum benefits. Rapid cellular uptake and delayed renal excretion of ascorbic acid would be conducive to providing optimum cellular concentration for biochemical activity. ESTER-C (patent pending), a complex consisting of L-ascorbic acid and Ca++, has been recently developed by Inter-Cal Corporation (421 Miller Road, Prescott, AZ 86301). It has been proposed that the structure of ESTER-C may render it more readily absorbed and less rapidly excreted than the acid or salt form of the vitamin. To test this hypothesis, ESTER-C and L-ascorbic acid were administered to two groups of rats. Blood was sampled at 20, 40, 80, 160 and 240 minutes and plasma analyzed for ascorbic acid. As urine appeared in collection cups, it was tested qualitatively for the presence of ascorbic acid. The plasma concentration of ascorbic acid was higher in ESTER-C treated rats at 20, 40 and 80 minutes than in rats given L-ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid was detected in the urine of animals administered ESTER-C later than in those treated with L-ascorbic acid. These results support the hypothesis that ESTER-C is absorbed more readily and excreted less rapidly than L-ascorbic acid.
Controlled Synthesis of Polymers with Ionic or Ionizable Groups Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2006)

ATRP is a versatile technique for the preparation of well-defined polymeric materials with polar functional groups. Four strategies to synthesize polymers with ionic or ionizable groups via ATRP are presented: direct polymerization of functional monomers, polymerization of "protected" monomers followed by post-polymerization modification, the use of functional initiators, and end-group chemical transformations. Side reactions that may take place in the direct copper-mediated ATRP of ionic or ionizable monomers conducted in aqueous media include: i) ATRP activator disproportionation, ii) halide ligand loss from the deactivator (the higher oxidation state complex), iii) monomer and/or solvent coordination, iv) loss of halide end groups from the polymeric dormant species, etc. Ways to suppress these reactions are described.
Chlorine abstraction reactions of fluorine. Part 1.—Reaction of fluorine with trichlorofluoromethane (1971)

The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of fluorine with CCl3F have been investigated in a static system over the temperature range 491–598 K. The reaction was at least partly heterogeneous, independent of surface area to volume ratio, independent of diluent and uninhibited by either oxygen or chlorine monofluoride. The rate equation had the form : –d[CCl3F]/dt=k[F2]½[CCl3F]. The rate constants were reproducible using different Pyrex reaction vessels and fitted the Arrhenius equation : log k(l.½ mol–½ s–1)=(6.77 ± 0.10)–(19 250 ± 240)/2.303 RT. A full mechanism is presented which, by using steady-state assumptions, agrees with the experimentally derived rate equation.
[Preparation and primary genetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster transformants line w'lz(b)/XXywf, containing mini-white genes, integrated in the genome during P-element-dependent transformation]. (1994)

Transformation of Drosophila melanogaster using P-element-based vectors yielded 129 sublines, which carried mini-white gene copies in the different genome regions. Dependence of mini-white gene expression on the location, gene dosage, and sex of the transformed individuals was analyzed. The mutation lzb was shown to suppress mini-white gene expression, the degree of suppression depending on the location and dosage of the mini-white gene.
Interaction of immunoglobulin glycopeptides with concanavalin A. (1975)

A number of intact and partially degraded immunoglobulin glycopeptides have been tested for their ability to interact with concanavalin A. The degraded glycopeptides were prepared by using purified glycosidases to remove sugar residues from the nonreducing ends of the oligosaccharide chains of intact glycopeptides. A quantitative and sensitive assay was devised to measure the potency of the glycopeptides as haptene inhibitors of 125I-concanavalin A binding to guinea pig erythrocytes. The most potent haptene, derived from an immunoglobulin G glycopeptide, had a branched chain oligosaccharide with two GlcNAc (see article) Man (see article) nonreducing termini linked to a mannose residue in the core. The other very potent glycopeptide was an immunoglobulin E high mannose glycopeptide which contained 3 terminal alpha-mannose residues and 1 internal 2-O-mannose residue. Removal of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues or alpha-mannose residues reduced the activity of these and other glycopeptides as inhibitors of 125I-concanavalin A binding. It was concluded that the ability of these glycopeptides to interact with concanavalin A is dependent on their content of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues, terminal alpha-mannose residues, and also internal mannose residues substituted on the C-2 hydroxyl group, and that the saccharide combining site of concanavalin A must be able to bind several sugar residues.
A novel system of electronic tagging in patients with dementia and wandering (2004)

The system proved very reliable and two incidences of external wandering were successfully detected. Compliance was excellent. Ethical issues regarding the tagging of confused elderly people were raised by professional organisations but were not considered a contra-indication by the relatives, clients and staff.
Meridian (2005)

This paper introduces a lightweight, scalable and accurate framework, called Meridian, for performing node selection based on network location. The framework consists of an overlay network structured around multi-resolution rings, query routing with direct measurements, and gossip protocols for dissemination. We show how this framework can be used to address three commonly encountered problems, namely, closest node discovery, central leader election, and locating nodes that satisfy target latency constraints in large-scale distributed systems without having to compute absolute coordinates. We show analytically that the framework is scalable with logarithmic convergence when Internet latencies are modeled as a growth-constrained metric, a low-dimensional Euclidean metric, or a metric of low doubling dimension. Large scale simulations, based on latency measurements from 6.25 million node-pairs as well as an implementation deployed on PlanetLab show that the framework is accurate and effective.
Targeted silencing of Jab1/Csn5 in human cells downregulates SCF activity through reduction of F-box protein levels (2006)

We propose that deneddylation of Cul1 is required to sustain optimal activity of SCF ubiquitin ligases by repressing 'autoubiquitination' of F-box proteins within SCF complexes, thereby rescuing them from premature degradation.
Design considerations for a 100 kW CW, 140 GHz gyrotron oscillator (1984)

A gyrotron oscillator capable of generating 100 kW of CW power is currently under development at Varian. The tube is being designed for operation in the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">031</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> cavity mode with the electron beam located at the second radial electric field maximum in the cavity. The electron beam will be produced by a magnetron injection gun and the 56 kG magnetic field required for 140 GHz operation will be provided by a superconducting magnet. Initial design calculations for the important elements of the tube are reported and the various technology issues of the tube design are discussed.
Updating the Inverse of a Matrix (1989)

The Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formulas relate the inverse of a matrix after a small-rank perturbation to the inverse of the original matrix. The history of these fomulas is presented and various applications to statistics, networks, structural analysis, asymptotic analysis, optimization, and partial differential equations are discussed. The Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formulas express the inverse of a matrix after a small rank perturbation in terms of the inverse of the original matrix. This paper surveys the history of these formulas and we examine some applications where these formulas are helpful
Designing WANem : A Wide Area Network emulator tool (2011)

Software developers are never exposed to production networks which is mostly Wide Area Network (WAN) during the development and unit test cycle. This leads to poor performing applications in production. Often the reason for such poor performance is attributed to the network. Hence it is important for the developers to know the behavior of their applications on various types of networks users will access the application from. However, access to such networks is restricted to a developer who tests his application over a local area network. A local area network (LAN) often has more than the required bandwidth required by an application. Hence a device, which will emulate various network behaviors is required, something which will help developers to better understand the behavior of their application on various networks. In response to this need WANem is designed and developed which can emulate real WAN networks in a development or test environment inside a LAN. In this paper we will discuss the architecture of WANem and show how it affects application performance.
Atomic-scale conversion of clean Si(111):H-1×1 to Si(111)-2×1 by electron-stimulated desorption (1990)

Tunneling images of the ideal Si(111):H-1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface exhibit features and electronic structure consistent with a simple termination of the surface dangling bonds by atomic hydrogen. Bombardment of the surface with low-energy (2--10 eV) electrons desorbs the hydrogen, converting the 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface phase to the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded chain. The efficiency of this process versus electron kinetic energy indicates that the desorption is mediated by promoting electrons from the \ensuremath{\sigma} to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ band. The resultant increase in surface free energy drives a spontaneous phase transition to the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1. Individual 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 regions as small as ten surface sites have been created in this fashion.
Kinematics of Wave Overtopping on Marine Structure (1994)

Kinematics of transient wave overtopping on coastal breakwaters has been studied both experimentally and numerically. For the laboratory experiments, solitary waves with moderate wave amplitude are used as the incident waves. The wave profiles are obtained by resistance type wave gauge. The two dimensional water particle velocities are measured by a portable, four-beam, fiber optic Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system. For the numerical analysis, potential flow theory and Boundary Element Method (BEM) are used for analyzing the wave field induced by the coastal structure. It is found that the numerical results compared well with the experimental data in the case where the numerical model is valid. Some interesting experimental observations are also presented.
Activating FOXO3a, NF-kappaB and p53 by targeting IKKs: An effective multi-faceted targeting of the tumor-cell phenotype? (2004)

Tumor cells frequently recruit the PI3K/Akt pathway in order to evade cell death, terminal differentiation and replicative inhibition. A wealth of targets for the PI3K/Akt pathway involved in these processes has been described. Among others, targets for the Akt-kinase include certain members of the Forkhead Box Class O (FOXO) transcription factors, involved in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and arrest. Akt regulates the sub-cellular localization of FOXO3a by phosphorylation thereby preventing the protein to translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription. Constitutive Akt-activation is frequently correlated with cytoplasmatic FOXO3a in breast tumors and this is associated with decreased patient survival. In a recent paper (Hu MC, et al. Cell 2004; 117:225-237) FOXO3a was found in the cytoplasm in the absence of activated Akt. Instead, IKKbeta was shown to interact with and phosphorylate FOXO3a. The recent findings suggest that the IKKs might serve as a potential drug target in anti-cancer therapy since multiple signal transduction pathways inhibiting proliferation and facilitating cell death could be activated.
A Case of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Following Systemic Treatment with Corticosteroids for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (2000)

A 29-year-old man developed acute visual impairment, cough, and headache. Both eyes showed serous retinal detachment in the posterior fundus. Fluorescein angiography showed subretinal pooling of fluorescein in the late phase. A diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome was made based on clinical features. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids resulted in improvement of uveitis and both eyes showed "sunset glow" fundus 11 months later. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) developed 13 months later (3 months after systemic corticosteroid therapy). Despite treatment with insulin, glycemic control was poor. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed HLADR9 and DQB 1*0303 related to IDDM. We postulated that treatment with corticosteroids precipitated IDDM, a yet unknown common autoimmune mechanism might have caused IDDM and VKH, or both conditions occurred coincidentally.
A Novel Non-Linear Approximation to the Huygens-Fresnel Diffraction Patterns for Reconstructing Digital Holographic SAR Images (2006)

Based on the nonlinear approximation of Huygens-Fresnel diffraction patterns, the SAR images of a target can be made up from a knowledge of a hologram for all frequencies and all aspects angles to provide a complete description of the target. In this paper we reconstruct the image of hologram employing the multiresolution Fresnelet transform to approximate the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction patterns in an off-axis geometry from the simulated test pattern (3bar). Fresnel transform is a wavelet-like transform, very close to Gabor functions (M. Unser et al., 1992) and well localized with respect to the holographic process. This method allows us to generate and reconstruct hologram on a digital computer, and apply multiresolution wavelet base analysis and special filtering on it. Since images are nonstationary process, we use fractional Brownian motion (fBm) method to describe texture in SAR images. It is known as a suitable model to classify a vast number of natural phenomena and shapes, such as the range of rivers, terrain surfaces, mountains ripples of water, coastlines and etc. The novelty of this technique lies in the use of Fresnel transform in reconstruction of holographic SAR images and fBm model for classifying them
The Pulmonary Toxicology of Ultrafine Particles (2002)

Ultrafine particles are a component of air pollution, derived from primary combustion sources, and so we have undertaken a programme of study on the mechanisms of lung injury caused by ultrafine particles. Ultrafine particles made of low-solubility, low-toxicity materials are more inflammogenic in the rat lung than fine respirable, particles made from the same material. Ultrafine particles can cause inflammation via processes independent of the release of transition metals, as shown by the fact that soluble products from ultrafine carbon black have no ability to cause inflammation. The property that drives the greater inflammogenicity of ultrafines is unknown but very likely relates to particle surface area and involves oxidative stress. Increases in intracellular Ca(++) may underlie the cellular effects of ultrafines, although the mechanism whereby ultrafines have this effect is not understood. However, increased influx of Ca(++) into macrophages occurs via the membrane Ca(++) channels following contact with ultrafine particles, and involves oxidative stress. Increased Ca(++) in macrophages exposed to ultrafines can lead to the transcription of key pro-inflammatory genes such as TNFalpha. Ultrafine particles can also impair the ability of macrophages to phagocytose and clear other particles, and this may be pro-inflammogenic.
A pH-Tunable Nanofluidic Diode with a Broad Range of Rectifying Properties (2009)

The use of fixed charge nanopores in practical applications requires tuning externally the electrostatic interaction between the charged groups and the ionic permeants in order to allow integrating a variety of functions on the same nanostructure. We design, produce, and characterize, theoretically and experimentally, a single-track amphoteric nanopore functionalized with lysine and histidine chains whose positive and negative charges are very sensitive to the external pH. This nanofluidic diode with amphoteric chains attached to the pore surface allows for a broad set of rectification properties supported by a single nanodevice. A definite plus is to functionalize these groups on a conical nanopore with well-defined, controlled structural asymmetry which gives virtually every rectification characteristic that may be required in practical applications. Nanometerscaled amphoteric pores are of general interest because of the potential applications in drug delivery systems, ion-exchange membranes for separation of biomacromolecules, antifouling materials with reduced molecular adsorption, and biochemical sensors.
High packing density power Bi-CDMOS technology and its application for a motor driver LSI (2002)

A cost-effective power BiCDMOS process with a 1.5- mu m-rule low-voltage CMOS has been realized. A three-layer p-base structure is applied to 35-V n-ch lateral DMOSFETs. The three-layer p-base structure and extended n-drain result in an LDMOSFET with a blocking voltage of 35 V and an on-resistance of 0.28 Omega -mm/sup 2/. A power output layout pattern that reduces the interconnection resistance of power outputs is proposed. The technology has been applied to a spindle and voice coil motor driver LSI with analog and digital signal processing functions for small hard-disk drives. The high-speed and precise bipolar transistors realize accurate signal processing functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>‐</sup>/SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2‐</sup> Oxidation by Manganese Ions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.