gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-neoplastic activity of paclitaxel on experimental superficial bladder cancer: In vivo and in vitro studies (1997)

The effects of intravesical administration of paclitaxel (taxol) in a bladder tumor model in mice, as well as the drug's in vitro activity on the same tumor cells, have been studied. Two cell lines, derived from MBT-2 cells, were employed in these experiments. The T50 line (obtained by many passages in mice) was much more aggressive in vivo than the T5 line. In vivo paclitaxel treatment for 3 days after T5 implantation resulted in a considerable retardation of tumor growth, whereas under the same conditions the T50 line was much less, although still significantly, affected. When treatment was started 1 day after tumor implantation, both tumor variants were affected by paclitaxel to the same extent. The in vitro experiments utilized the MiCK assay, which allows continuous recording of the kinetics of cell growth. These studies revealed a 39.8% inhibition of cell growth by 2.10(-8)M paclitaxel in the T50 line and a 30-fold increase in concentration had only a small additional effect on the degree of inhibition. At 2.10(-8)M paclitaxel, growth of T5 was inhibited by 21.7%, which increased to 35.2% at 6.10(-7)M. The treated cells displayed bundles of microtubuli, as described for other paclitaxel-treated cells.
Evolution of miRNAs expression during lung squamous carcinogenesis. (2009)

Abstract OP12, page 171. Young Investigator Award Session, oral presentation
La sismique de puits. Deuxième partie : le profil sismique vertical. Traitement et applications particulières à la connaissance du gisement (1989)

Differentes etapes du traitement du PSV dans le cas ou la source et le recepteur peuvent etre consideres comme etant sur une meme perpendiculaire aux reflecteurs. Le cas le plus simple correspond au puits vertical dans un milieu de couches horizontales, la source etant situee proche de la gueule du trou. En puits devie, la source est deplacee lateralement de facon a maintenir geophone de puits et source sur la meme verticale
Safety testing and operational procedures for self‐developed radiofrequency coils (2015)

The development of novel radiofrequency (RF) coils for human ultrahigh-field (≥7 T), non-proton and body applications is an active field of research in many MR groups. Any RF coil must meet the strict requirements for safe application on humans with respect to mechanical and electrical safety, as well as the specific absorption rate (SAR) limits. For this purpose, regulations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for medical electrical equipment, vendor-suggested test specifications for third party coils and custom-developed test procedures exist. However, for higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths in ultrahigh-field MR, the RF fields may become extremely inhomogeneous in biological tissue and the risk of localized areas with elevated power deposition increases, which is usually not considered by existing safety testing and operational procedures. In addition, important aspects, such as risk analysis and comprehensive electrical performance and safety tests, are often neglected. In this article, we describe the guidelines used in our institution for electrical and mechanical safety tests, SAR simulation and verification, risk analysis and operational procedures, including coil documentation, user training and regular quality assurance testing, which help to recognize and eliminate safety issues during coil design and operation. Although the procedure is generally applicable to all field strengths, specific requirements with regard to SAR-related safety and electrical performance at ultrahigh-field are considered. The protocol describes an internal procedure and does not reflect consensus among a large number of research groups, but rather aims to stimulate further discussion related to minimum coil safety standards. Furthermore, it may help other research groups to establish their own procedures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abgasreinigung bei der Viskose‐Herstellung und ‐Verarabeitung (1976)

Abstract Bei der Herstellung von Viskose‐Produkten, wie Folie, Spinnfaser oder Filamentgarn für die verschiedensten textilen und technischen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten, werden schwefelwasserstoff‐ und schwefelkohlenstoff‐haltige Abgase in die Atmosphäre abgegeben. In dem VDI‐Fachausschuß Viskose ist untersucht worden, welche verfahrenstechnischen Möglichkeiten zur Verminderung der Emissionen zur Verfügung stehen, welche Restemissionen bleiben und welche Abgas‐Reinigungskosten aufgewandt werden müssen. Als Abscheideverfahren werden die katalytische Oxidation des Schwefelwasserstoffs zu Schwefel an grobporiger Aktivkohle und die Adsorption des Schwefelkohlenstoffs an Aktivkohle empfohlen. Diese Verfahren sind betriebssicher, Schwefel und Schwefelkohlenstoff werden in verwertbarer Form zurückgewonnen, und im Gegensatz zu Waschverfahren werden keine Probleme ins Abwasser verlagert.
Integration Convolutional Neural Network for Person Re-Identification in Camera Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose a novel deep model named integration convolutional neural network (ICNN) for person re-identification in camera networks, which jointly learns global and local features in a unified framework. To this end, the proposed ICNN simultaneously applies two kinds of loss functions. Specifically, we propose the soft triplet loss to learn global features which automatically adjusts the margin threshold within one batch. The soft triplet loss could alleviate the difficult in tuning parameters and therefore learns discriminative global features. In order to avoid the part misalignment problem, we learn latent local features by conducting local horizontal average pooling on the convolutional maps. Afterward, we implement the identification task on each local feature. We concatenate global and local features using a weighted strategy to present the pedestrian images. We evaluate the proposed ICNN on three large-scale databases. Our method achieves rank-1 accuracy of 92.13% on Market 1501, 61.4% onCUHK03 and 85.3% on DukeMTMC-reID, and the results outperform the state-of-the-art methods.
Introducing crystalline rare‐earth oxides into Si technologies (2008)

Abstract The ability to integrate crystalline metal oxide dielectric barrier layers into silicon structures can open the way for a variety of novel applications which enhances the functionality and flexibility ranging from high‐ K replacements in future MOS devices to oxide/silicon/oxide heterostructures for nanoelectronic application in quantum‐effect devices. We present results for crystalline gadolinium oxides on silicon in the cubic bixbyite structure grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. Additional oxygen supply during growth improves the dielectric properties significantly. Experimental results for Gd 2 O 3 ‐based MOS capacitors grown under optimized conditions show that these layers are excellent candidates for application as very thin high‐ K materials replacing SiO 2 in future MOS devices. Epitaxial growth of lanthanide oxides on silicon without any interfacial layer has the advantage of enabling defined interfaces engineering. We will show that the electrical properties of epitaxial Gd 2 O 3 thin films on Si substrates can further be improved significantly by an atomic control of interfacial structures. Finally, we will present a new approach for nanostructure formation which is based on solid‐phase epitaxy of the Si quantum‐well combined with simultaneous vapor‐phase epitaxy of the insulator on top of the quantum‐well. Ultra‐thin single‐crystalline Si buried in a single‐crystalline insulator matrix with sharp interfaces was obtained by this approach on Si(111). In addition, structures consisting of a single‐crystalline oxide layer with embedded Si nanoclusters for memory applications will also be demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model Structure of Decorin and Implications for Collagen Fibrillogenesis (1996)

The three-dimensional structure of human decorin, a secreted proteoglycan involved in the regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis and cellular growth, has been modeled based on the crystal structure of the porcine ribonuclease inhibitor. Both proteins contain leucine-rich repeats and share 18% identical residues. This model structure of decorin has an arch shape with the single glycosaminoglycan chain and the three N-linked oligosaccharides located on the same side of the molecule. Decorin was modeled as binding to a polar sequence of collagen type I found in the d band. The inner concave surface is the appropriate size and shape to accommodate only one collagen triple helix of approximately 3 nm in length. The binding of one collagen triple helix to decorin is proposed to play a major role in the formation of the staggered arrangement of collagen molecules within the microfibrils by preventing lateral fusion of collagen molecules.
Retro-Inverso Isomer of Angiopep-2: A Stable <scp>d</scp>-Peptide Ligand Inspires Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery (2014)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from reaching the site of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, intensively confining the therapeutic efficiency. Angiopep-2 (here termed (L)Angiopep), which is a 19-mer peptide derived from human Kunitz domain, can trigger transcytosis and traverse the BBB by recognizing low density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (LRP-1) expressed on the brain capillary endothelial cells. Various enzymes in the blood and the BBB, however, present multiple metabolic barriers to peptide-inspired brain-targeted drug delivery. Here we designed a retro-inverso isomer of (L)Angiopep, termed (D)Angiopep, to inspire brain-targeted drug delivery. Both (D)Angiopep and (L)Angiopep displayed high uptake capacity in LRP-1 overexpressed cells, including bEnd.3 and U87 cells. (D)Angiopep demonstrated lower uptake efficiency in both cell lines than did (L)Angiopep, suggestive of lower binding affinity to LRP-1 of the d-peptide. (D)Angiopep was resistant to proteolysis in fresh rat blood serum, while more than 85% of (L)Angiopep disappeared within 2 h. Endocytosed (D)Angiopep and (L)Angiopep were found to be colocalized with lysosomal compartments of bEnd.3 cells, indicating that susceptibility to proteolysis of (L)Angiopep in the BBB may further attenuate its transcytosis efficiency. In vivo, (D)Angiopep modified PEG-DSPE micelles displayed high distribution in normal brain and intracranial glioblastoma. Due to the expression of LRP-1 on the BBB and glioblastoma cells, proteolytically stable (D)Angiopep holds much potential for designing two-order brain tumor targeted delivery systems.
Direct least square fitting of ellipses (1999)

This work presents a new efficient method for fitting ellipses to scattered data. Previous algorithms either fitted general conics or were computationally expensive. By minimizing the algebraic distance subject to the constraint 4ac-b/sup 2/=1, the new method incorporates the ellipticity constraint into the normalization factor. The proposed method combines several advantages: It is ellipse-specific, so that even bad data will always return an ellipse. It can be solved naturally by a generalized eigensystem. It is extremely robust, efficient, and easy to implement.
Living Radical Polymerization with Organic Catalysts under Thermal Heating and Photo Irradiation (2015)

本報では，筆者らが開発した，有機触媒を用いたリビングラジカル重合を概説する．機能性モノマーを含む，スチレン類，メタクリレート類，アクリレート類，アクリロニトリルの単独重合，ランダム共重合，およびブロック共重合において，分子量分布の狭いポリマーが得られ，分岐高分子の合成，表面開始グラフト重合，光誘起重合も可能である．触媒は，安価で，低毒性で，取り扱いが容易といった特色を有する．
Antisense oligonucleotides delivered to the amniotic cavity<i>in utero</i>modulate gene expression in the postnatal mouse (2016)

Congenital diseases account for a large portion of pediatric illness. Prenatal screening and diagnosis permit early detection of many genetic diseases. Fetal therapeutic strategies to manage disease processes in utero represent a powerful new approach for clinical care. A safe and effective fetal pharmacotherapy designed to modulate gene expression ideally would avoid direct mechanical engagement of the fetus and present an external reservoir of drug. The amniotic cavity surrounding the fetus could serve as an ideal drug reservoir. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an established tool for the therapeutic modulation of gene expression. We hypothesize that ASOs administered to the amniotic cavity will gain entry to the fetus and modulate gene expression. Here, we show that an ASO targeting MALAT1 RNA, delivered by transuterine microinjection into the mouse amniotic cavity at embryonic day 13-13.5, reduces target RNA expression for up to 4 weeks after birth. A similarly delivered ASO targeting a causal splice site mutation for Usher syndrome corrects gene expression in the inner ear, a therapeutically relevant target tissue. We conclude that intra-amniotic delivery of ASOs is well tolerated and produces a sustained effect on postnatal gene expression. Transuterine delivery of ASOs is an innovative platform for developing fetal therapeutics to efficaciously treat congenital disease.
Mechanotransduction in the Lung Cyclic stretch activates ERK1/2 via G proteins and EGFR in alveolar epithelial cells (2002)

Correa-Meyer, Eduardo, Liuska Pesce, Carmen Guerrero, and Jacob I. Sznajder. Cyclic stretch activates ERK1/2 via G proteins and EGFR in alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L883–L891, 2002; 10.1152/ajplung.00203.2001.—Mechanical stimuli are transduced into intracellular signals in lung alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). We studied whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated during cyclic stretch of AEC. Cyclic stretch induced a rapid (within 5 min) increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in AEC. The inhibition of Na , L-type Ca2 and stretch-activated ion channels with amiloride, nifedipine, and gadolinium did not prevent the stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. The inhibition of Grb2-SOS interaction with an SH3 binding sequence peptide, Ras with a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, and Raf-1 with forskolin did not affect the stretch-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, cyclic stretch did not increase Ras activity, suggesting that stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation is independent of the classical receptor tyrosine kinase-MAPK pathway. Pertussis toxin and two specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (AG-1478 and PD-153035) prevented the stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. Accordingly, in primary AEC, cyclic stretch activates ERK1/2 via G proteins and EGFR, in Na and Ca2 influxes and Grb2-SOS-, Ras-, and Raf-1-independent pathways.
LED flicker: Root cause, impact and measurement for automotive imaging applications (2018)

In recent years, the use of LED lighting has become widespread in the automotive environment, largely because of their high energy efficiency, reliability, and low maintenance costs. There has also been a concurrent increase in the use and complexity of automotive camera systems. To a large extent, LED lighting and automotive camera technology evolved separately and independently. As the use of both technologies has increased, it has become clear that LED lighting poses significant challenges for automotive imaging i.e. so-called "LED flicker". LED flicker is an artifact observed in digital imaging where an imaged light source appears to flicker, even though the light source appears constant to a human observer. This paper defines the root cause and manifestations of LED flicker. It defines the use cases where LED flicker occurs, and related consequences. It further defines a test methodology and metrics for evaluating an imaging systems susceptibility to LED flicker.
AdaDepth: Unsupervised Content Congruent Adaptation for Depth Estimation (2018)

Supervised deep learning methods have shown promising results for the task of monocular depth estimation; but acquiring ground truth is costly, and prone to noise as well as inaccuracies. While synthetic datasets have been used to circumvent above problems, the resultant models do not generalize well to natural scenes due to the inherent domain shift. Recent adversarial approaches for domain adaption have performed well in mitigating the differences between the source and target domains. But these methods are mostly limited to a classification setup and do not scale well for fully-convolutional architectures. In this work, we propose AdaDepth - an unsupervised domain adaptation strategy for the pixel-wise regression task of monocular depth estimation. The proposed approach is devoid of above limitations through a) adversarial learning and b) explicit imposition of content consistency on the adapted target representation. Our unsupervised approach performs competitively with other established approaches on depth estimation tasks and achieves state-of-the-art results in a semi-supervised setting.
The Neglected Role of Histamine in Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid plaques accumulation and cognitive impairment. Both environmental factors and heritable predisposition have a role in AD. Histamine is a biogenic monoamine that plays a role in several physiological functions, including induction of inflammatory reactions, wound healing, and regeneration. The Histamine mediates its functions via its 4 G-protein-coupled Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) to histamine H1 receptor (H4R). The histaminergic system has a role in the treatment of brain disorders by the development of histamine receptor agonists, antagonists. The H1R and H4R are responsible for allergic inflammation. But recent studies show that histamine antagonists against H3R and regulation of H2R can be more efficient in AD therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of histamine and its receptors in the treatment of AD, and we hope that histamine could be an effective therapeutic factor in the treatment of AD.
Quantization Error as a Metric for Dynamic Precision Scaling in Neural Net Training (2018)

Recent work has explored reduced numerical precision for parameters, activations, and gradients during neural network training as a way to reduce the computational cost of training (Na & Mukhopadhyay, 2016) (Courbariaux et al., 2014). We present a novel dynamic precision scaling (DPS) scheme. Using stochastic fixed-point rounding, a quantization-error based scaling scheme, and dynamic bit-widths during training, we achieve 98.8% test accuracy on the MNIST dataset using an average bit-width of just 16 bits for weights and 14 bits for activations, compared to the standard 32-bit floating point values used in deep learning frameworks.
Dry-Reagent-Based PCR as a Novel Tool for Laboratory Confirmation of Clinically Diagnosed <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> -Associated Disease in Areas in the Tropics Where <i>M. ulcerans</i> Is Endemic (2005)

After tuberculosis and leprosy, Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most common mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent humans. The disease occurs in tropical countries, with foci in West Africa, Central Africa, and the western Pacific. BU is defined as an infectious disease involving the skin and the subcutaneous adipose tissue characterized by a painless nodule, papule, plaque, or edema, evolving into a painless ulcer with undermined edges and often leading to invalidating sequelae. Due to the fundamental lack of understanding of modes of transmission, disease control in endemic countries is limited to early case detection through improved active surveillance and surgical treatment. The laboratory confirmation of BU is complicated by the absence of a diagnostic "gold standard." Therefore, misclassification and delayed diagnosis of BU may occur frequently, causing a considerable socioeconomic impact in terms of treatment costs due to prolonged hospitalization. In order to respond to the urgent need to develop reliable tools for early case detection and to overcome technical difficulties accompanying the implementation of diagnostic PCR procedures in tropical countries, a dry-reagent-based PCR formulation for the detection of M. ulcerans in diagnostic specimens has been developed at the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. Following technical and clinical validation, the assay has been successfully installed and field tested at the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana. Preliminary results show an excellent diagnostic sensitivity of >95%.
Deep Quantization Network for Efficient Image Retrieval (2016)

Hashing has been widely applied to approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale multimedia retrieval. Supervised hashing improves the quality of hash coding by exploiting the semantic similarity on data pairs and has received increasing attention recently. For most existing supervised hashing methods for image retrieval, an image is first represented as a vector of hand-crafted or machine-learned features, then quantized by a separate quantization step that generates binary codes. However, suboptimal hash coding may be produced, since the quantization error is not statistically minimized and the feature representation is not optimally compatible with the hash coding. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Quantization Network (DQN) architecture for supervised hashing, which learns image representation for hash coding and formally control the quantization error. The DQN model constitutes four key components: (1) a sub-network with multiple convolution-pooling layers to capture deep image representations; (2) a fully connected bottleneck layer to generate dimension-reduced representation optimal for hash coding; (3) a pairwise cosine loss layer for similarity-preserving learning; and (4) a product quantization loss for controlling hashing quality and the quantizability of bottleneck representation. Extensive experiments on standard image retrieval datasets show the proposed DQN model yields substantial boosts over latest state-of-the-art hashing methods.
Synthese, Struktur und Reaktionen eines Palladium-Hydrazonatokomplexes – neuartige reduktive Eliminierung unter Knüpfung von C-N-Bindungen sowie katalytische Arylierung von Benzophenonhydrazon (1998)

Ein seltenerμ1,η1-Hydrazonatokomplex, der nun strukturell charakterisiert wurde, ist eine wahrscheinliche Zwischenstufe bei der Pd-katalysierten N-Arylierung von Hydrazonen. Ausgehend von einem Arylhalogenid verläuft die Reaktion mit chelatisierenden Phosphanliganden (L2) effizient und unter schonenden Bedingungen, wobei sogar Cs2CO3 als Base eingesetzt werden kann [Gl. (a)]. R = Alkyl, Aryl, MeCO, MeO; X = Br, I.
Dixon techniques for water and fat imaging (2008)

In 1984, Dixon published a first paper on a simple spectroscopic imaging technique for water and fat separation. The technique acquires two separate images with a modified spin echo pulse sequence. One is a conventional spin echo image with water and fat signals in-phase and the other is acquired with the readout gradient slightly shifted so that the water and fat signals are 180 degrees out-of-phase. Dixon showed that from these two images, a water-only image and a fat-only image can be generated. The water-only image by the Dixon's technique can serve the purpose of fat suppression, an important and widely used imaging option for clinical MRI. Additionally, the availability of both the water-only and fat-only images allows direct image-based water and fat quantitation. These applications, as well as the potential that the technique can be made highly insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity, have generated substantial research interests and efforts from many investigators. As a result, significant improvement to the original technique has been made in the last 2 decades. The following article reviews the underlying physical principles and describes some major technical aspects in the development of these Dixon techniques.