gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orally active αvβ3 integrin inhibitor MK-0429 reduces melanoma metastasis (2015)

Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive types of cancer with a historically low survival rate. The αvβ3 integrin is involved in the progression of malignant melanoma. In the present study, the efficacy of MK-0429, a selective inhibitor of the αvβ3 integrin, was evaluated for its potential in the prevention of melanoma metastasis. Female B6D2F1 mice injected via the tail vein with murine B16F10 melanoma developed lung metastases within ~10 days. In the first experiment, the prevention of lung metastasis was assessed in the model treated with either vehicle, MK-0429 at 100 and 300 mg/kg orally twice daily or cyclophosphamide at 300 mg/kg, i.p. once daily. Study endpoints included determination of the study time period to achieve metastasis in lungs in this model, evaluation of the health effects on the study animals, the total number of lung colonies identified and lung tumor area. Unlike cyclophosphamide, the MK-0429 treatment did not lead to a significant weight reduction in mice. MK-0429 at 100 and 300 mg/kg reduced the number of metastatic tumor colonies by 64 and 57%, respectively, and the high dose also reduced the tumor area by 60% as compared to the vehicle. The second experiment employed B16F10 luciferase-expressing cells to examine the de novo progression of melanoma metastasis over 15 days with bioluminescent imaging of mice treated with MK-0429 at 300 mg/kg as compared to the vehicle. Tumor burden progressively advanced in the lungs of the B16F10-treated animals. However, MK-0429 reduced the progression of ventral and dorsal lung metastases by 22 and 38%, respectively, as compared to the vehicle, by study completion. Quantification of ex vivo tumor burden showed a 30-40% reduction in lung colonies by MK-0429. The two studies collectively demonstrated that MK-0429 was safe and efficacious in significantly decreasing melanoma metastasis in the lungs. The results emphasized the potential of MK-0429 as a novel, therapeutic agent for the prevention of metastatic melanoma.
Reliability of the pressure algometer as a measure of myofascial trigger point sensitivity (1986)

Three studies are presented demonstrating the reliability of the pressure algometer as an index of myofascial trigger point sensitivity. The first study showed high reliability between and within experimenters when measuring marked trigger point locations. In study 2, significant between experimenter reliability in locating and measuring the same unmarked trigger point locations was shown, while study 3 supported the idea that trigger points are discrete points of focal tenderness within the muscle. The ability to quantify and reliably measure trigger point sensitivity opens the door to a range of clinical and research possibilities for myofascial and related musculoskeletal pain problems.
Amino‐Acid Sequence of the Peptide Segment Liberated during Activation of Prochymosin (Prorennin) (1975)

By conversion of prochymosin into active chymosin and N-terminal segment of 42 amino acid residues is liberated. In one activation experiment this segment was recovered in two peptides; in a second experiment the activation segment was cleaved into three peptides. The primary structures of the peptides have been determined. Overlaps between these peptides and between the activation segment and the active enzyme have been obtained from peptides produced by tryptic digestion of denatured prochymosin. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the activation segments from bovine prochymosin, bovine pepsinogen and porcine pepsinogen shows considerable homology.
EMI Characterisation of high power IGBT modules for Traction Application (2006)

Performances' improvement of the switching power drives in terms of switching losses reduction is accompanied by a significant increase in EMI problems. In this paper, an original experimental "single-shot" method is proposed, for the evaluation of EMI emission. As it does not require full power operation it can be used for the testing of high power converters in anechoic chamber. An extensive experimental and theoretical characterization has been performed on the radiated noise of IGBT modules in inverter for railway applications during inductive turn-on operation. Physical analysis of involved phenomena has been executed by introducing an appropriate IGBT model that takes into account the internal stray elements. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the direct dependence of the radiated noise on the dv/dt voltage gradient, which is directly related to the di/dt current gradient, in turns on driving parameters
New 3-isocyanatopropylsilanes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew 3-isocyanatopropylsilanesBruce A. AshbyCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1973, 18, 2, 238–239Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60057a002https://doi.org/10.1021/je60057a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Field studies of computer system administrators (2004)

Computer system administrators are the unsung heroes of the information age, working behind the scenes to configure, maintain, and troubleshoot the computer infrastructure that underlies much of modern life. However, little can be found in the literature about the practices and problems of these highly specialized computer users. We conducted a series of field studies in large corporate data centers, observing organizations, work practices, tools, and problem-solving strategies of system administrators. We found system administrators operate within large-scale, complex environments that present significant technical, social, cognitive, and business challenges. In this paper, we describe system administrator tool use in critical, high-cost, labor-intensive work through observational, survey, and interview data. We discuss our findings concerning administrator needs for coordinating work, maintaining situation awareness, planning and rehearsing complex procedures, building tools, and supporting complicated interleaved workflows.
Dense z-pinches : third international conference, London, United Kingdom 1993 (1994)

This text examines the use of closed-confinement systems known as pinches that are generated by the tokamak machine in plasma research. The Z-pinch uses a current-carrying plasma column confined entirely by its own coloidal magnetic field. The stability of the plasma, which is of the greatest interest in this field, is discussed, as are new areas under examination including neutron anisotropy, ion and electron beam formation, and micropinches (hot spots). Scientists and engineers involved in plasma fusion research should find this work to be of use.
Sea ice tracking from SAR in the Arctic (2012)

Satellite observations play an important role in ice identification services because they are cost effective and efficient compared to extensive field campaigns. Radar data are extensively used to derive information about sea ice extent and move- ment. In the first part of this thesis I adapt a semi-automated algorithm, originally developed by Silva (2006) to track large icebergs in Antarctic waters, to track the movement of ice in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the move from Antarctic to Arctic waters, the algorithm is adapted to track sea ice rather than icebergs, with an attendant change in the shape of the tracked objects and their radar backscatter characteristics. The algorithm development is focused on the identification of appropriate image segmentation, brightness thresholding, and shape parameters appropriate to the identification and tracking of sea ice floes throughout the year. These developments are tested on images from a variety of locations, and from different SAR sensors.\nRecent literature documents the warming of the Arctic region (Alexandrov et al., 2004; Serreze et al., 2007) with an accompanying decline in sea ice cover (Kwok and Rothrock, 2009). The identification of ice extent and movement is an important tool in the study of climate variability (Spreen et al., 2006; Bochert, 1999); for example the magnitude of the sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is a measure of net ice production in the Arctic Ocean (Widell et al., 2003). The Fram Strait is of key importance for the export of ice from the Arctic (Kwok and Rothrock, 1999; Kwok et al., 2004) and well known for the presence of strong surface currents (Dickson et al., 2007; Fahrbach et al., 2001). In the second part of the thesis I investigate the competing influences of atmospheric and oceanographic forcings on ice export through the Fram Strait. The focus is on the western (Greenland) side of the strait between 79 - 81 ◦N. This area is within the East Greenland Current and also covers the boundary between fast ice and drift ice. The East Greenland Current, coupled with the prevailing northerly wind, is the main driver for ice export through the Fram Strait. On shorter temporal resolution ice movement is seen to be governed by the winds. Where the temporal resolution is greater than 1-2 days the influence of the East Greenland Current becomes more dominant and overall movement is towards the south. My results suggest that the prevailing wind speed and direction have a key impact on the rate of ice export through the Fram Strait. A period in which the wind forcing is in agreement with the East Greenland Current will see greater ice export than a period in which the two are acting in opposite directions.
Automatic detection of TV commercials (2004)

TV advertising commercials are a critical marketing tool for many companies. Their interspersion within regular broadcast television programming can be entertaining, informing, annoying or a sales gold mine depending on one's viewpoint. As a result, there are two major reasons for being able to detect commercial segments within television broadcasts. These two applications' goals - at least indirectly - are at odds with each other. One application seeks to identify and track when specific commercials are broadcast. Advertisers, in particular, like to verify that their contracts with broadcasters are fulfilled as promised. The other group wants to detect commercials for the purpose of eliminating them from their recordings. This group consists of viewers who want to watch their recorded television shows without the annoyance of commercials. Video database maintainers would also appreciate the ability to automatically edit out commercials in stored shows and thereby decrease storage requirements. Of course, advertisers are strongly opposed to such devices because that defeats the purpose of the commercials. The article discusses several algorithms that have been experimentally used to detect commercials, as well as devices that are currently available for this purpose.
Simulating the grassfire transform using an active contour model (1992)

A method for shape description of planar objects that integrates both region and boundary features is presented. The method is an implementation of a 2D dynamic grassfire that relies on a distance surface on which elastic contours minimize an energy function. The method is based on an active contour model. Numerous implementation aspects of the shape description method were optimized. A Euclidean metric was used for optimal accuracy, and the active contour model permits bypassing some of the discretization limitations inherent in using a digital grid. Noise filtering was performed on the basis of both contour feature measures and region measures, that is, curvature extremum significance and ridge support, respectively, to obtain robust shape descriptors. Other improvements and variations of the algorithmic implementation are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Syk Associates with Clathrin and Mediates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation during Human Rhinovirus Internalization (2008)

Human rhinovirus (HRV) causes the common cold. The most common acute infection in humans, HRV is a leading cause of exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstruction pulmonary disease because of its ability to exacerbate airway inflammation by altering epithelial cell biology upon binding to its receptor, ICAM-1. ICAM-1 regulates not only viral entry and replication but also signaling pathways that lead to inflammatory mediator production. We recently demonstrated the Syk tyrosine kinase to be an important mediator of HRV-ICAM-1 signaling: Syk regulates replication-independent p38 MAPK activation and IL-8 expression. In leukocytes, Syk regulates receptor-mediated internalization via PI3K. Although PI3K has been shown to regulate HRV-induced IL-8 expression and clathrin-mediated endocytosis of HRV, the role of airway epithelial Syk in this signaling pathway is not known. We postulated that Syk regulates PI3K activation and HRV endocytosis in the airway epithelium. Using confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated recruitment of the normally cytosolic Syk to the plasma membrane upon HRV16-ICAM-1 binding, along with Syk-clathrin coassociation. Subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C to permit internalization revealed redistribution of Syk to punctate structures resembling endosomes and colocalization with HRV16. Internalized HRV was not detected in cells overexpressing the kinase inactive Syk(K396R) mutant, indicating that kinase activity was necessary for endocytosis. HRV-induced PI3K activation was dependent on Syk; Syk knockdown by small interfering RNA significantly decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K substrate Akt. Together, these data reveal Syk to be an important mediator of HRV endocytosis and HRV-induced PI3K activation.
Managing occupational health services in NHS trusts. (1995)

This paper, the last in a series of six, reviews the areas to consider when managing occupational health provision in NHS settings. It covers the operational policy, which explains the functions of the occupational health service. It then discusses the staffing and structure of the service and how it fits into the rest of the organisation. The concluding section is perhaps the most important of all; without financial awareness, understanding and maintaining a budget, the manager of the occupational health service will not be successful. Previous papers in the series appeared on December 14, January 11, February 8, March 1 and April 12.
Consistency in a partitioned network: a survey (1985)

Recently, several strategies have been proposed for transaction processing in partitioned distributed database systems with replicated data. These strategies are surveyed in light of the competing goals of maintaining correctness and achieving high availability. Extensions and combinations are then discussed, and guidelines are presented for selecting strategies for particular applications.
ADAM10 Mediates Ectodomain Shedding of the Betacellulin Precursor Activated by p-Aminophenylmercuric Acetate and Extracellular Calcium Influx (2004)

Betacellulin belongs to the family of epidermal growth factor-like growth factors that are expressed as transmembrane precursors and undergo proteolytic ectodomain shedding to release a soluble mature growth factor. In this study, we investigated the ectodomain shedding of the betacellulin precursor (pro-BTC) in conditionally immortalized wild-type (WT) and ADAM-deficient cell lines. Sequential ectodomain cleavage of the predominant cell-surface 40-kDa form of pro-BTC generated a major (26-28 kDa) and two minor (20 and 15 kDa) soluble forms and a cellular remnant lacking the ectodomain (12 kDa). Pro-BTC shedding was activated by calcium ionophore (A23187) and by the metalloprotease activator p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), but not by phorbol esters. Culturing cells in calcium-free medium or with the protein kinase Cdelta inhibitor rottlerin, but not with broad-based protein kinase C inhibitors, blocked A23187-activated pro-BTC shedding. These same treatments were without effect for constitutive and APMA-induced cleavage events. All pro-BTC shedding was blocked by treatment with a broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor (GM6001). In addition, constitutive and activated pro-BTC shedding was differentially blocked by TIMP-1 or TIMP-3, but was insensitive to treatment with TIMP-2. Pro-BTC shedding was functional in cells from ADAM17- and ADAM9-deficient mice and in cells overexpressing WT or catalytically inactive ADAM17. In contrast, overexpression of WT ADAM10 enhanced constitutive and activated shedding of pro-BTC, whereas overexpression of catalytically inactive ADAM10 reduced shedding. These results demonstrate, for the first time, activated pro-BTC shedding in response to extracellular calcium influx and APMA and provide evidence that ADAM10 mediates constitutive and activated pro-BTC shedding.
Analysis of a first order phase locked loop in the presence of Gaussian noise (1977)

A first-order digital phase locked loop is analyzed by application of a Markov chain model. Steady state loop error probabilities, phase standard deviation, and mean loop transient times are determined for various input signal to noise ratios. Results for direct loop simulation are presented for comparison.
High security data embedding in video (2011)

Data embedding is the process of embedding information in a data source without changing its perceptual quality. Several constraints affect this process: the quantity of data to be hidden, the need for invariance of these data under the conditions where a host signal is subject to distortions such as lossy compression and the degree to which the data must be immune to interception, modification or removal by a third party. A novel technique is proposed in this paper for data embedding and extraction for high resolution AVI (Audio Video Interleave) videos. It employs a method to embed the secret data in the cover video in two phases. In the first phase a new embedding method is used for self generating key which depends on the data to be embedded and the cover. In the second phase, the encrypted image is embedded in a video in spatial and transform domains.
Gyrator-capacitor modeling: a better way of understanding magnetic components (2002)

Engineers new to power electronics often find magnetic components puzzling, especially multi-winding devices and integrated magnetics. Gyrator-capacitor modeling offers an alternative way of understanding such components. This tutorial paper begins with a review of the gyrator-capacitor approach, followed by some examples drawn from the field of DC-DC power conversion: a simple choke; a flyback-converter transformer; a pair of coupled chokes (in which the zero-ripple phenomenon is explained); and a two-output forward-converter transformer. Finally, core saturation is modeled by means of nonlinear capacitance and illustrated by SPICE simulation. Gyrator-capacitor modeling offers a unified, logical way of understanding the magnetic components commonly met with in power electronics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID AND ALCOHOLS (1987)

Abstract The esterification of hypophosphorous acid with alcohols, i.e. isopropanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, n-octanol and 1,3-propylene glycol leads to the formation of the corresponding phosphonous acid esters in yields of up to 50%, in addition to the hypophosphorous acid esters. The compounds are characterized by their elemental analyses, infrared and 1H NMR spectra. A mechanism of their formation is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: THE IODOMETHYLATION OF NICOTINE. AN UNUSUAL EXAMPLE OF COMPETITIVE NITROGEN ALKYLATION (1977)

Abstract Die Methylierung von Nicotin (I) mit stöchiometrischen Anteilen an Methyljodid (II) liefert ein 2,5:1‐Gemisch der isomeren Ammoniumsalze (III) und (IV), deren weitere Methylierung zum Bis4salz (V) führt.
A simple cooperative diversity scheme based on orthogonal signaling (2005)

In this paper, a bandwidth efficient and energy efficient cooperative diversity scheme is proposed based on orthogonal signaling. Orthogonal signaling is achieved by transmitting in the in-phase and quadrature components of a phase shift keying modulation system. The bit error rate performance of the proposed cooperative diversity scheme increases with interuser signal strength. Numerical results show that the proposed cooperative diversity scheme can achieve the diversity order of two for high interuser signal-to-noise ratio.
Dictionary of Ceramics (2024)

This updated edition of Dr A E Dodd's classic ceramics dictionary contains over 2000 new terms, including terminology covering new developments in engineering ceramics, electroceramics, whiteware processes and environmental legislation. The coverage of glass, vitreous enamel and the cement industries has been widened and relevant areas of basic science i.e. crystal structure, fracture mechanics and sintering, have been included.
Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector With a System Detection Efficiency Over 80% at 940-nm Wavelength (2016)

Implementations of quantum information require single-photon detectors (SPDs) with high detection efficiency (DE) at a wavelength of 940 nm, which is a challenge for the available semiconducting SPDs. Superconducting nanowire SPDs (SNSPDs) are capable of detecting visible and near-infrared single photons with high DE. However, these detection capabilities place stringent design requirements on the cavity and nanowire geometry structures. We design, fabricate, and measure SNSPDs with high DE optimized for the 940-nm wavelength. The NbN SNSPDs were fabricated on 1-D photonic crystals for high optical absorptance. By tuning the filling factor of the nanowire through numerical simulations and experiments, we were able to obtain an SNSPD (7 nm thick, 125 nm width, and 0.57 filling factor, as well as active area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18\ast 18\ \mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) with a saturated system DE of 83.6 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 3.7%, at a dark count rate of 10 Hz, and a low polarization dependence of 1.17 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.02. To our best knowledge, this is the highest value reported for NbN SNSPDs at 940-nm wavelength. The availability of an SNSPD with high system DE at 940 nm may have a profound impact in the field of photonic quantum technologies, such as multiphoton entanglement.