gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust SIMD: Dynamically Adapted SIMD Width and Multi-Threading Depth (2012)

Architectures that aggressively exploit SIMD often have many data paths execute in lockstep and use multi-threading to hide latency. They can yield high through-put in terms of area- and energy-efficiency for many data-parallel applications. To balance productivity and performance, many recent SIMD organizations incorporate implicit cache hierarchies. Examples of such architectures include Intel's MIC, AMD's Fusion, and NVIDIA's Fermi. However, unlike software-managed streaming memories used in conventional graphics processors (GPUs), hardware-managed caches are more disruptive to SIMD execution, therefore the interaction between implicit caching and aggressive SIMD execution may no longer follow the conventional wisdom gained from streaming memories. We show that due to more frequent memory latency divergence, lower latency in non-L1 data accesses, and relatively unpredictable L1 contention, cache hierarchies favor different SIMD widths and multi-threading depths than streaming memories. In fact, because the above effects are subject to runtime dynamics, a fixed combination of SIMD width and multi-threading depth no longer works ubiquitously across diverse applications or when cache capacities are reduced due to pollution or power saving. To address the above issues and reduce design risks, this paper proposes Robust SIMD, which provides wide SIMD and then dynamically adjusts SIMD width and multi-threading depth according to performance feedback. Robust SIMD can trade wider SIMD for deeper multi-threading by splitting a wider SIMD group into multiple narrower SIMD groups. Compared to the performance generated by running every benchmark on its individually preferred SIMD organization, the same Robust SIMD organization performs similarly -- sometimes even better due to phase adaptation -- and out per-forms the best fixed SIMD organization by 17%. When D-cache capacity is reduced due to runtime disruptiveness, Robust SIMD offers graceful performance degradation, with 25% polluted cache lines in a 32 KB D-cache, Robust SIMD performs 1.4× better compared to a conventional SIMD architecture.
Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: <i>in vitro</i> cultivation and transplantation in diffusion chambers (1987)

Fibroblast colonies (clones) were obtained by explantation of bone marrow single-cell suspensions and were used to establish multicolony and single-colony derived fibroblast cultures by successive passaging of either pooled or individual colonies. When transplanted in diffusion chambers after 20-30 cell doublings in vitro, the descendants of fibroblast colony-forming cells (FCFC), whether grown from single or pooled colonies, retained the ability for bone and cartilage formation. The content of osteogenic precursors in the cultured progeny significantly outnumbered the initiating FCFC. Thus the high proliferative potential of bone marrow FCFC and their ability to serve as common precursors of bone and cartilage-forming cells makes them probable candidates for the role of osteogenic stem cells.
The Role of Diet in the Aetiology of Dental Erosion (2003)

Acids of intrinsic and extrinsic origin are thought to be the main etiologic factors for dental erosion. There is evidence that acidic foodstuffs and beverages play a role in the development of erosion. However, the pH of a dietary substance alone is not predictive of its potential to cause erosion as other factors modify the erosive process. These factors are chemical (pKa values, adhesion and chelating properties, calcium, phosphate and fluoride content), behavioural (eating and drinking habits, life style, excessive consumption of acids) and biological (flow rate, buffering capacity, composition of saliva, pellicle formation, tooth composition, dental and soft tissue anatomy). The interplay between erosion and abrasion (specially oral hygiene practices) may be the main driver leading to the clinical manifestation of this disorder. Recommendations for patients at risk for dental erosion such as reducing acid exposure by reducing the frequency and contact of acids will be discussed.
Process Monitoring in Laser Sintering Using Thermal Imaging (2011)

In laser sintering, inhomogeneous shrinkage, warpage, in-build curling and poor repeatability of part properties are well-known problems. All these effects are significantly influenced by the inhomogeneous temperature distribution on the powder bed surface. For this reason, it is often asked for the integration of additional measuring equipment into the machines for advanced process monitoring. In the research done, a thermal imaging system was successfully integrated into a laser sintering machine. Analyses were performed to understand the correlations between process parameters, the distribution of surface temperatures as well as the temperature of the melted material, and their influence on part properties.
Cardioselective Ammonium, Phosphonium, and Sulfonium Analogs of .alpha.-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid That Inhibit in Vitro and ex Vivo Lipid Peroxidation and Scavenge Superoxide Radicals (1995)

Analogues of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid with permanently cationic substituents, i.e., phosphonium (8, 9), sulfonium (11), acylhydrazinium (13, 14), and ammonium (1, 16, 21), were synthesized, and the 2R and 2S enantiomers of the alpha-tocopherol analogues 1, 8, 11, and 13 were separated. The compounds were found to scavenge lipoperoxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro and accumulate in heart tissue (cardioselectivity) as demonstrated by measurement of ex vivo inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mouse heart homogenates and confirmed by HPLC determination of drug concentrations for 1 and 11. The 2R and 2S enantiomers of 1 inhibited ex vivo lipid peroxidation to an equal extent. Thus the in vivo uptake into myocytes (cardioselectivity) is independent of the geometry at the chiral center and common to permanently cationic compounds.
Effect of Polymers (PEG and PVP) on Sol‐Gel Synthesis of Microsized Zinc Oxide (2013)

Fibers irregular and seed‐like microcrystalline ZnO were synthesized by using a cost‐effective and low temperature aqueous sol‐gel method. Various polymers, namely, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), were used as structure directing agents. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X‐ray diffraction pattern revealed the formation of phase‐pure ZnO micropowders. It is observed that the polymers play an important role in modifying the surface morphology and the size of the crystallites. A compact granular morphology is observed for the ZnO samples without polymer. The samples exhibit microparticles of size 100 nm for PVP and for PEG‐mediated growth, whereas microporous corrugated morphology is observed for added PEG‐mediated micropowder. FTIR study is used to confirm the structural modifications occurring in the polymers.
Avoidance of embolic complications by ultrasonic characterization of the ascending aorta. (1989)

Surgical manipulation of the atherosclerotic ascending aorta in elderly patients is often accompanied by serious complications. To reduce the risk of disrupting highly degenerated but nonpalpable plaques, we used quantitative ultrasonic techniques to intraoperatively image the ascending aorta in 33 patients (mean age, 71 years) as a guide to selection of cross-clamping or cannulation sites. Two-dimensional, integrated backscatter images (integration time, 1.6 mu sec) were obtained with a 5-MHz transducer wrapped in a sterile sheath and placed directly on the aorta. Significant atherosclerotic disease was detected in 18 patients. Calcified lesions were found in 13 patients, and fibrofatty lesions were found in five. In four patients undergoing repair of degenerative aneurysms, the extent and distribution of ultrasonically delineated regions of calcification and fibrosis were confirmed histologically. In eight (24%) patients, the composition, severity, and location of plaques delineated ultrasonically led to selection of alternate cannulation sites without resultant atheroembolism. Thus, ultrasonic tissue characterization sensitively delineates the extent of aortic atherosclerosis, and its use may decrease the risk of atheroembolism.
Total hip arthroplasty using isoelastic femoral stems. A seven- to nine-year follow-up in 108 patients (1994)

From 1983 to 1985 we performed 114 primary hip replacements in 108 consecutive osteoarthritic patients using a non-cemented RM isoelastic femoral stem. After a mean follow-up of 8.2 years, ten patients had died, 11 hips had been revised, six patients had been lost to follow-up and two had been excluded due to severe general illnesses. Of 85 arthroplasties (in 79 patients) 14 could not be assessed because of other illness or disability. The 71 remaining were reviewed by questionnaire and radiography; an excellent or good overall functional result was found in 31, 16 were fair and 24 were poor. Radiographically, 21 of 71 stems were judged to be loose and ten showed osteolytic foci, six of these without obvious loosening. We conclude that the isoelastic RM stem shows a high rate of loosening, but that this is not always associated with a poor subjective result. Regular radiographic review is necessary. The results are worse than those reported for other uncemented stems and for cemented stems.
DNA of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Dysplastic and Malignant Lesions of the Conjunctiva and Cornea (1989)

Human papillomaviruses are receiving attention for their role in the pathogenesis of cancer, especially cancer of the anogenital tract. Although strains of human papillomavirus are associated with benign lesions of the conjunctiva, their association with conjunctival dysplastic lesions and carcinomas has remained unclear. We examined a group of neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva for the presence of DNA sequences for human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, using in vitro gene amplification with the polymerase chain reaction. Tissue specimens of five conjunctival dysplastic lesions and one invasive carcinoma and swab specimens of the mucosa of both corneas of a patient with unilateral corneal dysplasia contained DNA sequences related to human papillomavirus type 16. All dysplastic specimens examined were positive for DNA sequences. Viral DNA was not detected in six control specimens from patients with conjunctival melanoma, papilloma, nevus, or pterygium. We conclude that DNA from human papillomavirus type 16 is present in a substantial percentage of conjunctival premalignant and malignant lesions. It may play a part in the development of conjunctival dysplasia and carcinoma, as it does in cancers of certain other body sites.
Aspects of Electrokinetic Charging in Liquid Microjets (1999)

We have investigated the physicochemical basis of electrokinetic charge separation in methanol using micron-sized channel diameters under both turbulent and laminar flow conditions. Turbulent flow studies were conducted using a 40 μm diameter stainless steel aperture which had a channel length of 0.5 mm. Under these conditions, electrokinetic streaming currents arose from a charge stripping process in the region close to the aperture channel wall. The moving liquid removed the relatively weakly held charges from the outer portion of the electrical double layer formed at the solid−liquid interface. Streaming currents were simultaneously measured at both the conducting aperture and a downstream copper plate. The magnitudes of the streaming currents were shown to be equal at the aperture and the plate; however, the sign of the current at each measurement location was opposite. The magnitude of the streaming currents varied quadratically with mean liquid flow velocity. Studies under laminar flow conditions were conducted using a 3 cm length of fused silica capillary which had an internal diameter of 25 μm. Under laminar flow conditions at higher flow velocities through the nonconducting fused silica channel, the extent of charge separation was ultimately limited by the extent to which excess charge built up within the capillary could be neutralized. We develop a simple model that shows how an interplay between fluid flow, ion mobility, and solid−liquid interfacial chemistry influences the extent of electrokinetic charging in the fused silica channels.
Application of a spray drying technique in the production of TRH-containing injectable sustained-release microparticles of biodegradable polymers. (1995)

Copoly (dl-lactic/glycolic acid) microparticles for sustained release of a water-soluble drug (Thyrotropin releasing hormone: TRH) were prepared by a spray drying method. A higher entrapment ratio was achieved with the spray drying method with the in-water drying method. In order to avoid agglomeration of the microparticles, a double-nozzle spray drying method was designed using mannitol as an anti-adherent. The surface of the spray-dried microparticles was coated with mannitol, and the extent of agglomeration was decreased. Acetonitrile was the most suitable solvent for microencapsulation using the double-nozzle spray drying method because the initial burst of TRH from the microparticles during the first day was the smallest. When PLGA with a weight-average molecular weight of 14,000 was used, constant release of TRH continued for one month with a small initial burst. In conclusion, the production of biodegradable microparticles by the double-nozzle spray drying method appears to be an attractive alternative to conventional microencapsulation methods.
Flutter of Darrieus wind turbine blades: Correlation of theory and experiment (1981)

Flutter analysis of two wind turbines was correlated with experimental data for flutter of Darrieus blades.
Infrared imaging and backside failure analysis techniques on multilayer CMOS technology (2002)

Infrared (IR) laser scanning microscopy (LSM) techniques have been characterized and developed to provide better root cause backside failure analysis (BFA) on products fabricated on multilayer CMOS technology. Spectral transmission studies, backside substrate thinning techniques, and examples of backside IR LSM fault isolation techniques applied on high performance microprocessors will be presented in this paper.
Clinical Effects of a Hop Water Extract on Japanese Cedar Pollinosis during the Pollen Season: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2007)

The clinical effects of an oral administration of a hop water extract (HWE) on the improvement of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis) symptoms were investigated. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 39 subjects took a drink containing either 100 mg of HWE or a placebo for 12 weeks during the pollen season. Nasal symptoms (sneezing attacks, nasal discharge, and nasal obstruction) were assessed from the subjects' diaries. A clinical examination and blood sampling were carried out before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment. As a result, a significant difference was observed in the symptom score and in the symptom-medication score 10 weeks after the intervention in comparison with the placebo group. Improvements were observed in nasal swelling, nasal color, amount of nasal discharge, and characteristics of nasal discharge in the intervention group 12 weeks after the treatment. No significant eosinophil infiltration into the nasal discharge was apparent in the intervention group throughout the study period, although it was observed in the placebo group. These findings indicate that an oral administration of HWE may be effective in alleviating the allergic symptoms related to JCPsis.
Materials Synthesis by Mechanical Alloying (1989)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Immunogenicity and humanization of single‐domain antibodies (2021)

Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), the autonomous variable domains of camelid and shark heavy-chain antibodies, have many desirable properties as components of biologic drugs. However, their sequences may increase the risk of immunogenicity and antidrug antibody (ADA) development in humans, and thus, sdAbs are routinely humanized during development. Here, we review and summarize the available evidence regarding the factors governing immunogenicity of sdAbs and our current state of knowledge of strategies to mitigate immunogenicity risks by humanization. While several sdAb properties, including high homology of camelid V<sub>H</sub> Hs with human IGHV3 gene products, favor low immunogenicity in humans, epitopes absent in the human repertoire including the exposed V<sub>H</sub> :V<sub>L</sub> interface may be intrinsically immunogenic. While most clinical trials have demonstrated minimal sdAb immunogenicity, two notable exceptions (the tetrameric DR5-specific V<sub>H</sub> H TAS266 and the TNFR1-specific V<sub>H</sub> GSK1995057) illustrate that special caution must be taken in identifying preexisting ADAs against highly potent sdAbs. Nonhuman sequence alone does not adequately explain sdAb immunogenicity, as some camelid V<sub>H</sub> Hs are nonimmunogenic while some fully human V<sub>H</sub> s elicit ADAs. The presence of preexisting ADAs directed against the exposed C-termini of some sdAbs in a significant proportion of individuals awaits a molecular explanation. Whether sdAb humanization reduces or promotes immunogenicity remains unclear: reduction of nonhuman sequence content at the expense of introducing low-level aggregation in humanized variants may be counterproductive. Further work will establish thresholds for V<sub>H</sub> H and V<sub>NAR</sub> humanization to maximize human sequence content while avoiding loss of binding affinity and/or immunogenicity resulting from aggregation or decreased stability.
Polymer supported synthesis of oligonucleotides by a phosphotriester method (1982)

A new polymer supported synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides which can be adapted to automation is described. The method is based on the elongation of an oligomer chain in the 5'- to 3' -end direction using the modified phosphotriester chemistry. The approach is exemplified by the synthesis of a nonanucleotide d(TTCGTCTTG).
Membrane/gas chromatographic system for automated extraction and determination of trace organics in aqueous samples (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane/gas chromatographic system for automated extraction and determination of trace organics in aqueous samplesRichard G. Melcher and Paul L. MorabitoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 20, 2183–2188Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00219a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00219a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
La cartografía medieval (1998)

Una didactica introduccion ilustrada a la cartografia en la Edad Media. Mapas en T, mapas en O, atlas y portolanos, las modalidades tipicas de mapas medievales.
«En el siglo XIV la escuela mallorquina, segun algunos fundada por Raimon Llull, fue la mejor del mundo, y los trabajos de dicha escuela que han llegado hasta nuestros dias se consideran joyas del arte medieval».
Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography for Small Animal Imaging (2010)

We have observed Cerenkov light emitted from beta-emitting radiotracers. Phantom and in vivo mouse imaging experiments demonstrate that sufficient Cerenkov photons are produced to allow reconstruction of radiotracer activity inside an object from surface measurements.
Dedifferentiation and the role of sall4 in reprogramming and patterning during amphibian limb regeneration (2011)

A central feature of epimorphic regeneration during amphibian limb regeneration is cellular dedifferentiation. Two questions are discussed. First, what is the origin and nature of the soluble factors involved in triggering local cellular and tissue dedifferentiation? Secondly, what role does the key stem cell transcription factor Sall4 play in reprogramming gene expression during dedifferentiation? The pattern of Sall4 expression during Xenopus hindlimb regeneration is consistent with the hypothesis that Sall4 plays a role in dedifferentiation (reprogramming) and in maintaining limb blastema cells in an undifferentiated state. Sall4 is involved in maintenance of ESC pluripotency, is a major repressor of differentiation, plays a major role in reprogramming differentiated cells into iPSCs, and is a component of the stemness regulatory circuit of pluripotent ESCs and iPSCs. These functions suggest Sall4 as an excellent candidate to regulate reprogramming events that produce and maintain dedifferentiated blastema cells required for epimorphic regeneration.
High purity ethane/ethylene separation by gas phase simulated moving bed using ZIF‐8 adsorbent (2019)

Abstract Growing population and demand for plastics and synthetic fluids in climate friendly environment sets the unprecedented industrial challenge to increase production of clean chemical precursors (e.g., ethylene) with reduced energy consumption and CO 2 foot print. The production of polymer‐grade ethylene (>99.9%) from steam cracked gas or oil relies on a cascade of energy intensive distillations of gases. Therefore, in this work two simulated moving bed (SMB) cycles were employed to separate mixtures containing of about 40% of ethane and 60% of ethylene on zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 granulates. The separation cycles were performed with two desorbents with different relative adsorption strength. In the experiment, with carbon dioxide as desorbent, ethylene was obtained with 99.6% purity and 94.2% recovery, while in the experiment using propane as desorbent only 77.1% of ethylene is recovered with a purity of 82.7%. Indeed, it can be concluded that when CO 2 is used as desorbent, the obtained productivity is higher. The mathematical SMB model and regions of separation were determined for each desorbent based on experimental data.