gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic and Immunological Studies of <i>5′</i>-<i>N</i>-Phenylacetyl sTn to Develop Carbohydrate-Based Cancer Vaccines and to Explore the Impacts of Linkage between Carbohydrate Antigens and Carrier Proteins (2008)

5'- N-Phenylacetyl sTn (sTnNPhAc), an unnatural derivative of sTn antigen expressed by many tumors, and its alpha-linked protein conjugates were prepared and investigated to explore glycoconjugate cancer vaccines. sTnNPhAcalpha-KLH elicited a robust T cell dependent immunity. The antiserum derived from sTnNPhAcalpha- or sTnNPhAcbeta-KLH-inoculated mice was similarly reactive to sTnNPhAcalpha and sTnNPhAcbeta but showed very little reactivity to sTn, NeuNPhAcalpha(2,3)GalNAc--a regioisomer of sTnNPhAc, isolated phenylacetyl group, and the linker employed to conjugate sTnNPhAc and carrier protein. It was concluded that the sTnNPhAc-elicited immunity was specific for the whole antigen rather than the phenylacetyl group or other partial structures of sTnNPhAc and that the reducing end configuration or linkage of sTnNPhAc did not affect its immunological identity. It was also concluded that a new linker designed to conjugate carbohydrates and proteins did not provoke any immune reaction and that the linker, as well as the associated new and convenient coupling strategy, can be safely used for the development of glycoconjugate vaccines.
A CNN-based edge detection algorithm for remote sensing image (2008)

With the development and applications of satellite remote sensing technology, the edge detection accuracy of remote sensing image is increasingly high. As the gray remote sensing image has a lot of noise, even image brightness, and vague edge, a novel edge detection algorithm based on cellular neural network (CNN) is presented In the algorithm, image filtering, gray threshold segmentation, dilation and erosion, and edge detection using CNN are performed for remote sensing image successively. The experimental results show that, compared to the traditional edge detection algorithms of Sobel operator and Canny operator, the proposed edge detection algorithm can not only effectively eliminate the influence of the noise on edge detection, but also quickly detect the complete image edge.
Physicochemical evaluation of bioactive polymeric composites based on hybrid amorphous calcium phosphates (2000)

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-filled methacrylate composites were recently found to effectively remineralize in vitro caries-like enamel lesions. Their inferior mechanical properties compared to glass-filled composites, however, limit their use as a dental restorative material. In this study, the feasibility of introducing glass-forming elements (tetraethoxysilane or zirconyl chloride) during the low-temperature synthesis of ACP was investigated. Composites based on such hybrid fillers (mass fraction, 40%) were evaluated to establish whether hybridization strengthened the composites via improved interfacial interactions with the polymer phase without compromising the release of the mineral ions. Two types of visible-light cured resins were prepared: BTHZ resin from 2, 2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and zirconyl methacrylate (ZrM), and TP resin from TEGDMA and pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM). Hybridized fillers and BTHZ- and TP-based composites were characterized by the IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dissolution/transformation kinetic studies, and biaxial flexure strength (BFS) testing before and after immersion in buffered saline solutions. The feasibility of improving the BFS via hybridization, while retaining, if not enhancing the remineralizing potential was demonstrated for BTHZ-based composites. Both BFS and remineralizing ability of the TP-composites, however, deteriorated upon their exposure to an aqueous environment. Therefore, hybridized ACP-filled BTHZ composites have a potential for utilization in more demanding restorative, sealant, and adhesive applications.
Early differentiation of the heart in mouse embryos. (1981)

The differentiation of the heart was examined in mouse embryos, isolated between the afternoons of the eighth and ninth day of gestation, by means of scanning electron microscopy as well as by light microscopy of standard histological material and thin plastic sections. Cavitation within the presumptive pericardial mesoderm commences during the late presomite stage (afternoon of eighth day) and myocardial rudiments are established by thickening of the pericardial lining adjacent to the endoderm near the base of the foregut pocket. At first the thickening lies on the ventral aspect of the pericardial cavity but, as the foregut pocket deepens and the trunk region of the embryo moves en masse caudally and ventrally, it comes to lie on the dorsal wall. A separate layer of cells comprising the primitive endocardium differentiates deep to the myocardial thickening, between the latter and the endoderm. Cavitation of the endocardial tissue occurs bilaterally about the 1-2 somite stage so as to establish bilateral endocardial tubes. These endocardial tubes become enclosed within the myocardial mantle which bulges into the pericardial cavity. A layer of acellular material (the cardiac jelly) appears between the endocardium and myocardium at about this time. At about the 4-somite stage, the endocardial tubes coalesce across the mid-line to establish a single median cardiac tube, and the entire heart rudiment is suspended in the mid-line by a wide dorsal mesocardium. Our observations indicate that, contrary to previous views, at no time during cardiogenesis in the mouse are two distinct heart primordia present which subsequently fuse to form a single median entity. The principal similarities and differences between cardiogenesis in the mouse, and mammals in general, and avians are discussed.
The Effect of Monensin on Virion Production and Protein Secretion in Pseudorabies Virus-infected Cells (1984)

The effects of monensin on cells infected with pseudorabies virus have been studied. Treatment with monensin (1 microM) prevented the secretion of the 89K pseudorabies virus-induced sulphated glycoprotein. A polypeptide with a mol. wt. of 78K was secreted into the medium from monensin-treated BSC-1 cells. Mannose labelling showed that initial glycosylation proceeded normally in the presence of monensin, although the absence of fucose label revealed that the later stages in processing were blocked. No intracellular accumulation of virus-induced proteins was found in monensin-treated cells. Infectivity assays, measurement of thymidine-labelled particles and electron microscopy showed that monensin blocked the release of virus particles from cells, although viral morphogenesis was unaffected.
Advances in invertebrate reproduction 5 : proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of the Invertebrate Reproduction held in Nagpya, Japan on July 23-28, 1989 (1990)

Opening Lectures and Special Report (3 papers). Asexual Reproduction (5 papers). Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Development. Regulation of cell cycle during meiotic maturation and early development (3 papers). Molecular aspects of insect yolk proteins (4 papers). Fertilization and the activation of development (5 papers). Regulation, Endocrine Control and Environmental Adaptation. Endocrine interactions between parasites and their hosts (5 papers). Hormones and insect reproduction (4 papers). Hormonal control of crustacean reproduction (4 papers). Control of reproduction in marine invertebrates (5 papers). The environmental adaptation of insect reproduction (4 papers). Population Dynamics and Reproductive Strategies. Population dynamics and reproductive strategies in coral reefs (6 papers). Parthenogenetic strategy in insect life cycle (4 papers). Manipulation and Artificial Control. Advances in insect pest management by insect growth regulators (12 papers). Genome manipulation in marine invertebrates (4 papers). Honeybees, Silkworms and Related Insects, and Ticks. Regulation in honeybee reproduction (6 papers). Proceeding in research on the reproduction of Bombyx mori and related insects (4 papers). Reproductive strategies and vitellogenesis in ticks (4 papers). Index of authors. Subject index.
Noiselike pulses with a broadband spectrum generated from an erbium-doped fiber laser (1997)

An erbium-doped fiber laser that produces a train of intense noiselike pulses with a broadband spectrum and a short coherence length is reported. The noiselike behavior was observed in the amplitude as well as in the phase of the pulses. The maximum spectral width obtained was 44 nm. The high intensity and the short coherence length of the light were maintained even after propagation through a long dispersive fiber. A theoretical model indicates that this mode of operation can be explained by the internal birefringence of the laser cavity combined with a nonlinear transmission element and the gain response of the fiber amplifier.
Experimental evidence for endothelium dependent relaxation and neuronal nitric oxide in corpus cavernosum (1994)

It is known that penile erection is mediated primarily through the release of a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter which has been recently identified as nitric oxide (NO). To evaluate whether the endothelium is involved in neurally mediated relaxation in corpus cavernosum, we determined electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced relaxation in both the presence and absence of endothelium, and we tested the effect of an inhibitor of NO synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG), in the absence of endothelium to examine if de-endothelialized tissue can still generate NO. Isolated corpus cavernosal strips from New Zealand White rabbits were used for isometric tension study using organ chambers. The endothelium was removed through denuding tissue. After the tissue was contracted with norepinephrine, EFS was performed at frequencies of 5, 15 and 40 Hz in the presence of guanethidine and atropine to evaluate NANC-selective nerural relaxation. The relaxation induced by EFS was observed after preincubation with NOARG(10(-4) M) for 30 minutes. L-arginine (10(-3) M) was then added for 30 minutes in the presence of NOARG before a second set of EFS studies were performed. Following norepinephrine precontraction, EFS relaxed corporal strips in both the intact and de-endothelialized strips. However, deendothelialization significantly impaired EFS induced relaxation (p < 0.05). NOARG attenuated relaxation induced by EFS and the addition of L-arginine reversed the inhibitory effect of NOARG in the strips with endothelium. In the strips without endothelium, NOARG still inhibited EFS induced relaxation. This relaxation was reversed by the addition of L-arginine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the evaluation of the clinical effects of acupuncture (1983)

This paper reviews some of the recent randomised trials on acupuncture published in the literature, with particular reference to the definition of placebo (control), sham acupuncture and real acupuncture. Response rates of 30, 50 and 70% of placebo, sham and real acupuncture respectively, are suggested for the groups of patients studied. The statistical methodology necessary in the design of acupuncture trials, in order to detect differences of this order of magnitude, is discussed. If the postulated response rate had been envisaged at the onset of the trials here reviewed, then the majority of these trials have very low power at a conventional 5% level of significance. It is emphasised that one cannot necessarily conclude from trials which produce statistically non-significant results that acupuncture (when compared with placebo for example) is ineffective. The paper suggests that meaningful comparisons between alternative treatments may be made by using 'pain free intervals' with subsequent analysis using life table techniques. Tables are provided for determining appropriate patient numbers.
Protocol specifications and component adaptors (1997)

In this article we examine the augmentation of application interfaces with enhanced specifications that include sequencing constraints called protocols. Protocols make explicit the relationship between messages (methods) supported by the application. These relationships are usually only given implicitly, either in the code or in textual comments. We define notions of interface compatibility based upon protocols and show how compatibility can be checked, discovering a class of errors that cannot be discovered via the type system alone. We then define software adaptors that can be used to bridge the difference between applications that have functionally compatible but type-and protocol-incompatible interfaces. We discuss what it means for an adaptor to be well formed. Leveraging the information provided by protocols, we show how adaptors can be automatically generated from a high-level description, called an interface mapping.
Structural basis for the specific recognition of IL‐18 by its alpha receptor (2014)

Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses. It signals through its ligand-binding primary receptor IL-18Rα and accessory receptor IL-18Rβ. Here we report the crystal structure of IL-18 with the ectodomain of IL-18Rα, which reveals the structural basis for their specific recognition. It confirms that surface charge complementarity determines the ligand-binding specificity of primary receptors in the IL-1 receptor family. We suggest that IL-18 signaling complex adopts an architecture similar to other agonistic cytokines and propose a general ligand-receptor assembly and activation model for the IL-1 family.
Timing and Synchronization Using MPEG-2 Transport Streams (1996)

MPEG-2 transport streams are being applied throughout the world to deliver compressed audio and video, in addition to data and control signals. An understanding of the timing and synchronization of compressed television is important to system design and operations, just as it is with today's full-bandwidth signals. This paper describes the formation of the transport stream with its timing elements and their use at the receiver. It also briefly describes test equipment that has been developed to stress the receiver reference clock phase-locked-loop and to analyze transport stream data to determine the values and correctness of the various time stamps.
Conditions Affecting Emulsifying Properties of Egg Yolk Phosvitin (1991)

ABSTRACT The effects of protein concentration (0.1–2.0%), oil volume fraction (0.17–0.67), mixing speed (10,000–22,000 rpm) and mixing time (0.5–8 min) on the emulsifying properties of phosvitin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were compared. Emulsifying activity and emulsion stability increased with protein concentration, oil volume fraction and mixing. Effects of these variables were assessed quantitatively using an empirical equation. Mixing speed had the greatest influence and protein concentration had the least influence on emulsifying activity for both phosvitin and BSA. For emulsion stability, mixing speed had the greatest influence for phosvitin; oil volume fraction had the greatest influence for BSA. Phosvitin was a better emulsifier than BSA at pH7.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Porphyrin Based Conjugated Polymers for Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistors (2017)

Porphyrin-based molecules have been widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells and bulk heterojunction solar cells, but their application in field-effect transistors (FETs) is limited. In this work, two conjugated polymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and porphyrin units were developed for FETs. The polymers exhibit extra-low band gap with energy levels close to -4.0 eV and -5.0 eV due to the strong electron-donating and withdrawing ability of porphyrin and diketopyrrolopyrrole. With additionally high crystalline properties, ambipolar charge carrier transports with a hole mobility of 0.1 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in FETs were realized in these polymers, representing the highest performance in solution-processed FETs based on porphyrin unit.
Incremental implementation model for relational databases with transaction time (1991)

An implementation model for the standard relational data model extended with transaction time is presented. The implementation model integrates techniques of view materialization, differential computation, and deferred update into a coherent whole. It is capable of storing any view (reflecting past or present states) and subsequently using stored views as outsets for incremental and decremental computations of requested views, making it more flexible than previously proposed partitioned storage models. The working and the expressiveness of the model are demonstrated by sample queries that show how historical data are retrieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time-multiplexed optical waveform generation for high-resolution imaging (2008)

We have developed a time-multiplexed technique for controlling the amplitude and phase of the individual frequency components of a mode-locked laser to generate a precisely linear chirped waveform. We have demonstrated a 20-GHz, 1-mus chirp.
Haptic duplicator (2012)

We propose a haptic interface for touching 3DCG models based on the tactile copy & paste technology. In case of conventional systems for providing haptic sensation of touching virtual objects, it is challenging to reproduce realistic surface textures of objects. By scanning vibrotactile stimulation as audio signals, we realized recording of textures of real objects and reproducing of them with a wearable haptic glove with force and vibrotactile feedbacks. In our system, the user can appreciate a number of virtual objects with various scanned textures, and also, change their textures by haptic copy & paste from real objects to virtual 3DCG models.
Effect of N-methyl substitution of the peptide bonds in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (1993)

Each peptide bond in leuprolide (1), deslorelin (13), and nafarelin (24) was separately substituted with N-methyl. The synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro receptor binding, LH release, and stability against chymotrypsin and intestinal degradation. The NMe-Ser4 (30), NMe-Leu7 (33), and Sar10 (35) analogues of nafarelin had pD2 values 2-, 20-, 9-fold higher than their respective parent. All the other N-methyl agonists were less active. For the first time, conversion of LHRH agonists to antagonists was observed as a result of N-methyl substitution in the peptide backbone. [NMe-Phe2,DLeu6,Pro9NHEt]LHRH (4), [NMe-1Nal3,DLeu6,Pro9NHEt]LHRH (6), [NMe-His2,DTrp6,Pro9NHEt]LHRH (14), [NMe-Phe2,DNal6]LHRH (27), and [D2Nal6,NMe-Arg8]LHRH (34) exhibited antagonist responses. Substitutions of NMe-1Nal3, NMe-Ser4, or NMe-Tyr5 in leuprolide rendered the 3-4 peptide bond in these compounds completely stable to chymotrypsin. Examination of the three-dimensional structure of leuprolide when bound to the active site of chymotrypsin, reveals the NH's of residues 3 and 5 are involved in hydrogen bond interactions with the enzyme. N-Methylation at these positions is not only disrupting the hydrogen bond interactions, but is also sterically preventing the substrate from fitting in the enzyme's active site. All the compounds in the leuprolide series were also tested against intestinal degradation using an in vitro rat jejunum sac assay. In this model the pattern of stabilization was similar, but not identical, to that against chymotrypsin. The pharmacokinetics of all the analogues in the leuprolide series and of several others in the deslorelin and nafarelin series were determined. The clearance values of all the three NMe-Tyr5 analogues, 8, 20, and 31 were lower than their respective parents. These slower clearances suggest lower rates of metabolism.
OSMOTIC BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DISRUTPION (1980)

s of Articles on Computed Tomography from Non-Radiological Journals: CLINICAL SCIENCE: PDF Only
On media streaming application migration in pervasive environment (2009)

Media streaming service over Internet has become more and more popular in recent years, with the emerging applications like Internet TV and VOD (Video on Demand) systems. In the context of pervasive computing, media streaming service is supposed to be available anytime and anywhere. In order to achieve pervasive media service, one of the most important issue is application migration, that is, migrating live streaming from one device to another without interruption. For example, people can watch football games in a moving car, and migrate the video to a pocket PC when leaving the car, and then continue enjoying the game in a TV screen after coming home. In this paper, we will address the technical issues for seamless media streaming migration in pervasive environment.
Comparison of numerical, analytical, and empirical models to estimate wetting patterns for surface and subsurface drip irrigation (2010)

Due to increasing competition for water resources by urban, industrial, and agricultural users, the proportion of agricultural water use is gradually decreasing. To maintain or increase agricultural production, new irrigation systems, such as surface or subsurface drip irrigation systems, will need to provide higher water use efficiency than those traditionally used. Several models have been developed to predict the dimensions of wetting patterns, which are important to design optimal drip irrigation system, using variables such as the emitter discharge, the volume of applied water, and the soil hydraulic properties. In this work, we evaluated the accuracy of several approaches used to estimate wetting zone dimensions by comparing their predictions with field and laboratory data, including the numerical HYDRUS-2D model, the analytical WetUp software, and selected empirical models. The soil hydraulic parameters for the HYDRUS-2D simulations were estimated using either Rosetta for the laboratory experiments and inverse analysis for the field experiments. The mean absolute error (MAE) was used to compare the model predictions and observations of wetting zone dimensions. MAE for different experiments and directions varied from 0.87 to 10.43 cm for HYDRUS-2D, from 1 to 58.1 cm for WetUp, and from 1.34 to 12.24 cm for other empirical models.
Detection and identification of ECG waves by histogram approach (2016)

A histogram based simple and novel idea is proposed here for detection and identification of R wave, P wave and T wave from noise removal ECG Signal. The identification of ECG waveforms and their characteristic features is an important task for the diagnosis. In this work, histograms, a graphical demonstration of numerical data of equal size, is used as an estimator of the above mentioned waves of ECG signal. For this purpose the whole signal is divided into few small windows of predefined width having maximum 60 sample values in each. The Histograms are basically generated by measuring the variations of the orientations among these sample values in some quantized directions. After getting the histograms, few zones are depicted as QRS zones having the area more than a pre-defined threshold. The local maxima of these zones are considered as the R-peak. Based on same technique, P and T wave can also be detected. The method is advantageous as it can be used directly for online analysis without using any complex mathematical models. The whole technique has been established to be useful to a variety of ECG records for all the 12 leads taken from CSE Multi-lead ECG database which contains 5000 samples recorded at a sampling frequency of 500Hz. The algorithm is implemented on MATLAB R2010a environment. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated. The accuracy of the proposed technique is achieved in Sensitivity (Se=99.86%), Positive Predictivity (+p=99.76%) and Detection accuracy (DA 99.8%) and hence we conclude that the proposed technique may be used for ECG analysis and classification.