gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macropinocytosis Is the Endocytic Pathway That Mediates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation with Native Low Density Lipoprotein (2004)

Previously, we reported that fluid-phase endocytosis of native LDL by PMA-activated human monocytederived macrophages converted these macrophages into cholesterol-enriched foam cells (Kruth, H. S., Huang, W., Ishii, I., and Zhang, W. Y. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34573-34580). Uptake of fluid by cells can occur either by micropinocytosis within vesicles (<0.1 microm diameter) or by macropinocytosis within vacuoles ( approximately 0.5-5.0 microm) named macropinosomes. The current investigation has identified macropinocytosis as the pathway for fluid-phase LDL endocytosis and determined signaling and cytoskeletal components involved in this LDL endocytosis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, which inhibits macropinocytosis but does not inhibit micropinocytosis, completely blocked PMA-activated macrophage uptake of fluid and LDL. Also, nystatin and filipin, inhibitors of micropinocytosis from lipid-raft plasma membrane domains, both failed to inhibit PMA-stimulated macrophage cholesterol accumulation. Time-lapse video phase-contrast microscopy and time-lapse digital confocal-fluorescence microscopy with fluorescent DiI-LDL showed that PMA-activated macrophages took up LDL in the fluid phase by macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis of LDL depended on Rho GTPase signaling, actin, and microtubules. Bafilomycin A1, the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor, inhibited degradation of LDL and caused accumulation of undegraded LDL within macropinosomes and multivesicular body endosomes. LDL in multivesicular body endosomes was concentrated >40-fold over its concentration in the culture medium consistent with macropinosome shrinkage by maturation into multivesicular body endosomes. Macropinocytosis of LDL taken up in the fluid phase without receptor-mediated binding of LDL is a novel endocytic pathway that generates macrophage foam cells. Macropinocytosis in macrophages and possibly other vascular cells is a new pathway to target for modulating foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
Polyurethane–polypropylene blends (1991)

Abstract Five series of blends were obtained by mixing five polyurethanes (PUR), based on poly‐propyleneoxide, MDI, and butanediol, with polypropylene (PP). The structure of PUR was varied by varying soft segment length (MW = 1000 and 2000) and soft segment concentration (50, 60, and 70%). It has been shown that interaction between PUR and PP was better in the case of PUR with the polyol of MW = 1000. The addition of lower molecular weight PUR produced an easy flowing material in the molten state, comparable with the “control rheology PP.” The morphology of the blends changed with PUR concentration. At 30% PUR the dispersed phase tended to agglomerate in the form of long cylinders. Mechanical properties generally were affected by the change of morphology.
Processing encrypted data (1987)

A severe problem in the processing of encrypted data is that very often, in order to perform arithmetic operations on the data, one has to convert the data back to its nonencrypted origin before performing the required operations. This paper addresses the issue of processing data that have been encrypted while the data are in an encrypted mode. It develops a new approach for encryption models that can facilitate the processing of such data. The advantages of this approach are reviewed, and a basic algorithm is developed to prove the feasibility of the approach.
Tailoring Automatic Transmission Fluid Shift Quality in the Laboratory (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The influence of lubricant formulation and service degradation on automatic transmission shift quality was studied in full scale transmission cycling tests. Fluid frictional degradation was found to follow a well defined pattern. This pattern is influenced by fluid formulation as well as transmission environment. Both fluid oxidation and selective additive degradation affect the rate of progression through this pattern.</div>
The Virtual GloveboX (VGX): a Semi-immersive Virtual Environment for Training Astronauts in Life Sciences Experiments (2004)

The International Space Station will soon provide an unparalleled research facility for studying the near- and longer-term effects of microgravity on living systems. Using the Space Station Glovebox Facility - a compact, fully contained reach-in environment - astronauts will conduct technically challenging life sciences experiments. Virtual environment technologies are being developed at NASA Ames Research Center to help realize the scientific potential of this unique resource by facilitating the experimental hardware and protocol designs and by assisting the astronauts in training. The "Virtual GloveboX" (VGX) integrates high-fidelity graphics, force-feedback devices and real-time computer simulation engines to achieve an immersive training environment. Here, we describe the prototype VGX system, the distributed processing architecture used in the simulation environment, and modifications to the visualization pipeline required to accommodate the display configuration.
Synthesis of some 5‐aryl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethenes as analogs of prodigiosin (1976)

Abstract Three new dipyrromethenes have been synthesized as analogs of prodigiosin: 3‐methoxy‐5‐phenyl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10a) , 3‐methoxy‐4 ‐pentyl‐5‐phenyl‐5′‐methyl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10b) , and 3‐methoxy‐4′‐pentyl‐5′‐methyl‐5‐(2″‐thienyl)‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10c). The Michael addition of ethyl glycinate to an appropriate arylidenemalonate, quenched with ethyl chloroformate and followed by a Dieckmann cyclization gave diethyl 1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐oxo‐5‐phenyl and thienylpyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate, 2a and 2b. Methylation of the highly enolic keto‐esters, followed by oxidation to N ‐ethoxycarbonylpyrroles led, after appropriate elaboration of the pyrrole nucleus, to 2‐phenyl‐ and 2‐thienyl‐4‐methoxypyrroles. The acid catalyzed condensation of these arylmethoxypyrroles with either pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde or 5‐methyl‐4‐pentylpyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde led to 10a, 10b and 10c.
Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in peripheral blood cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 21-24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Evidence indicates that miRNAs play essential roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation and pathogenesis of human diseases. This study describes a comparison between the miRNA profile of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the controls to develop further understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples of 23 SLE patients, 10 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients and 10 healthy controls. The miRNA microarray chip analysis identified 16 miRNAs differentially expressed in SLE. The chip results were confirmed by northern blot analysis. This work indicates that miRNAs are potential diagnosis biomarkers and probable factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
The predominant form of the amyloid beta-protein precursor in human brain is protease nexin 2. (1991)

The amyloid beta protein and the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) are major constituents of senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in patients with Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. Most human tissues contain mRNA that encodes forms of APP that contain the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI+) domain. A major 120-kDa protein corresponding to this KPI+ mRNA is also found in these tissues. This protein is identical to the protease inhibitor protease nexin 2. Brain contains an additional mRNA species that encodes a form of APP that lacks the KPI domain (KPI-). This latter mRNA has been suggested to encode a 105-kDa KPI- form of APP protein also found in brain. Using protease inhibitory functional assays, we show that both the 105-kDa and 120-kDa APP proteins in normal and Alzheimer disease brain contain the KPI domain. Moreover, KPI domain-specific precipitation assays reveal that KPI- forms of APP protein represent less than 14% of total brain APP. Lastly, an enriched fraction from total brain homogenate contains proteolytic activity that can process the purified 120-kDa KPI+ form of APP into a 105-kDa form, resulting in a high-molecular-mass doublet identical to that seen in brain. These findings indicate that although KPI- APP mRNA is abundant in brain, little corresponding protein is present. Thus, KPI+ APP protein (equivalent to protease nexin 2) is the predominant form of APP in human brain.
The easy way to move windows profiles and data (2006)

The idea of replacing faculty and staff computers can be daunting, to say the least, and data transfers have always been an inefficient monster. This year, Bucknell University has integrated the latest version of Microsoft's free User State Migration Tool into our desktop replacement process, allowing us to migrate multiple users and their data from one machine to another without any need for the client's presence.The User State Migration Tool has allowed us to drastically reduce the amount of time and user interaction required to replace faculty and staff computers.In order to successfully use this tool in our workflow, we needed to perform several important customizations: 1. Create custom INF files so the tool will only migrate the data we wanted to keep. 2. Create GUI front ends to either remotely back up a client's profile to a network drive or remotely back up a profile to a new machine and automatically load the profile on the new machine. 3. Create a webpage that allows us to view the status of all the profile transfers that are currently in progress. By customizing and automating the User State Migration Tool, we have been able to streamline our desktop replacement process and reduce the time spent and manpower needed to re-image existing computers and setup newly deployed computers.
A comparison of two methods for testing detergents (1950)

Summary A comparative study has been made of two common methods of measuring detergency. It has been shown that the method involving the measurement of light reflectance of soiled and washed fabrics gives results which lead to essentially the same conclusions as does the method involving the determination of the light transmission of wash liquors for a typical non‐ionic detergent and a typical anionic detergent. The two methods did not give comparable results when tallow soap was used. A simple experimental method which indicates the applicability of the method involving the measurement of light transmission of wash liquors has been devised.
Growth of cadmium sulfide particles in cadmium arachidate films: monitoring by surface plasmon resonance, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microgravimetry (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrowth of cadmium sulfide particles in cadmium arachidate films: monitoring by surface plasmon resonance, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microgravimetryNorman J. Geddes, Robert S. Urquhart, D. Neil Furlong, Christopher R. Lawrence, Kentaro Tanaka, and Yoshio OkahataCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 51, 13767–13772Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100153a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100153a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Eimeria spp. from the chicken: occurrence, identification and genetics. (1997)

Many fundamental aspects of the biology of Eimeria spp. from the chicken remain poorly understood and some have not been investigated in detail for many years. New molecular tools are now available that could be used to underpin some of the more practical aspects of disease control. For example, a far better understanding of the epizootiology of the parasites, with precise knowledge of the characteristics of individual species and strains that are prevalent in the field might, in the future, be incorporated into strategies that see a more rational use of the available drugs and vaccines. The recent use of electrophoretic variation of enzymes to investigate parasite epizootiology is described and the general case for the development of specific, more sensitive DNA-based technologies is discussed. A wealth of DNA probes is potentially available from the large genome of Eimeria spp. and the genetic complexity of these parasites has recently been illustrated in more detail. In addition to a large nuclear genome comprising at least 14 linear chromosomes, studies on E. tenella have shown that, like Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, it also possesses a mitochondrial genome and a newly discovered "plant-like" genome that probably resides within an uncharacterised organelle and was acquired when an ancestor engulfed and kept and algal cell containing a chloroplast. A double-stranded RNA genome has also been identified in some species.
Current polio global eradication and control policy options: perspectives from modeling and prerequisites for oral poliovirus vaccine cessation (2012)

As the Global Polio Eradication Initiative progresses toward the eradication of wild polioviruses, national and global health leaders must still actively consider options for managing poliovirus risks, including risks associated with using oral poliovirus vaccine. Oral poliovirus vaccine continues to represent a highly effective tool, but its use causes noticeable, rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic polio and with low coverage it can evolve to become circulating vaccine-derived polioviruse that causes outbreaks. National leaders face a wide range of options, but their choices depend in part on global policies. This article explores the current set of global options for poliovirus eradication or control, discusses constraints and prerequisites for their implementation and offers some insights based on dynamic modeling to inform discussions and frame future economic analyses.
New Organocatalyst Scaffolds with High Activity in Promoting Hydrazone and Oxime Formation at Neutral pH (2014)

The discovery of two new classes of catalysts for hydrazone and oxime formation in water at neutral pH, namely 2-aminophenols and 2-(aminomethyl)benzimidazoles, is reported. Kinetics studies in aqueous solutions at pH 7.4 revealed rate enhancements up to 7-fold greater than with classic aniline catalysis. 2-(Aminomethyl)benzimidazoles were found to be effective catalysts with otherwise challenging aryl ketone substrates.
Mice deficient in TNF receptors are protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity: Implications for Parkinson's disease (2002)

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remain enigmatic. Recent findings suggest that inflammatory processes are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, has been found in association with glial cells in the substantia nigra of patients with PD. To determine the potential role for TNF-alpha in PD, we examined the effects of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that mimics some of the key features associated with PD, using transgenic mice lacking TNF receptors. Administration of MPTP to wild-type (+/+) mice resulted in a time-dependent expression of TNF-alpha in striatum, which preceded the loss of dopaminergic markers and reactive gliosis. In contrast, transgenic mice carrying homozygous mutant alleles for both the TNF receptors (TNFR-DKO), but not the individual receptors, were completely protected against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. The data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is an obligatory component of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Moreover, because TNF-alpha is synthesized predominantly by microglia and astrocytes, our findings implicate the participation of glial cells in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Similar mechanisms may underlie the etiopathogenesis of PD.
Underexpression of β Cell High <i>K</i> <sub>m</sub> Glucose Transporters in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes (1990)

The role of defective glucose transport in the pathogenesis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) was examined in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, a model of NIDDM. As in human NIDDM, insulin secretion was unresponsive to 20 mM glucose. Uptake of 3-O-methylglucose by islet cells was less than 19% of controls. The beta cell glucose transporter (GLUT-2) immunoreactivity and amount of GLUT-2 messenger RNA were profoundly reduced. Whenever fewer than 60% of beta cells were GLUT-2-positive, the response to glucose was absent and hyperglycemia exceeded 11 mM plasma glucose. We conclude that in NIDDM underexpression of GLUT-2 messenger RNA lowers high Km glucose transport in beta cells, and thereby impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevents correction of hyperglycemia.
INTERACTIVE SONIFICATION OF SPREADSHEETS (2005)

This paper describes the second phase in a project exploring the application of sonification to improve the accessibility of spreadsheets. The principal target population of the study has been visually impaired users, though the approach has potential in a range of other application areas, such as the eyes-free monitoring of large data spaces, or to preserve screen space in mobile use. The paper begins by examining previous sonification research relevant to the auditory display of spreadsheets, before briefly reviewing the results and requirements arising from the first phase of this project. Phase 2 of the project began with a more detailed requirement investigation, the results of which are outlined. In particular, the requirement for increased interactivity is examined. The way in which these requirements are realised in a further prototype are described, and the results of evaluations of this second prototype discussed.
Fluticasone propionate 0.05% cream in the treatment of atopic eczema: a multicentre study comparing once-daily treatment and once-daily vehicle cream application versus twice-daily treatment (1995)

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily with twice-daily application of a 0.05% cream formulation of fluticasone propionate in the treatment of atopic eczema in adults and children. Two hundred and seventy patients with moderate to severe atopic eczema were enrolled in the study, and randomized to receive either once-daily or twice-daily fluticasone propionate 0.05% cream for 4 weeks. Patients randomized to the once-daily group also received the vehicle cream to ensure that the study remained blinded. The clinical response of a preselected target area of affected skin was assessed by investigators at weekly intervals and compared with the baseline. Analysis of the investigators' overall assessment of the response of the target area for both the 'intent-to-treat' population and the per protocol population showed that 79-85% of patients were judged a clinical success. For both populations, there was no statistically significant difference between the response to once-daily and twice-daily active treatment (intent-to-treat; P = 0.35; 95% confidence interval for difference -14.2 to +5.0 percentage points: per protocol; P = 0.42; 95% confidence interval for difference -14.7 to +6.2 percentage points.) The improvement in the signs and symptoms was judged a success in 95-97% of patients. There was an equal reduction in severity scores for disease activity in both groups, and the speed of symptom relief was similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TRENTOOL: A Matlab open source toolbox to analyse information flow in time series data with transfer entropy (2011)

TRENTOOL is an implementation of transfer entropy and mutual information analysis that aims to support the user in the application of this information theoretic measure. TRENTOOL is implemented as a MATLAB toolbox and available under an open source license (GPL v3). For the use with neural data TRENTOOL seamlessly integrates with the popular FieldTrip toolbox.
Fibers spun from blends of different molecular weights of polypropylene (1991)

Abstract Fibers spun from blends of small percentage of plastic grade polypropylene (HMPP) with fiber grade polypropylene (PP) are studied for drawing behavior. A factorial design of experiment is used for a two‐stage drawing process with variables, such as percent of HMPP component, first stage draw ratio and temperature, and second stage temperature. Optimization is carried out for breaking stress and modulus of drawn filaments. Breaking stress of up to 0.74 GPa and initial modulus of 7.34 GPa is possible by such an optimization process. These properties are observed for 6% HMPP blend composition. Heat setting of drawn filaments show little changes up to 140°C heat‐setting temperature. Large scale structural changes with rapid drop in mechanical properties is observed for 150‐160°C heat‐set samples.
DANCE AND ENGINEERING LINK TO PRODUCE A NOVEL MOBILITY DEVICE (2011)

This article describes a unique design collaboration between the College of the Arts, School of Theatre and Dance and the Center for Assistive, Rehabilitation & Robotics Technologies in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Florida, which has resulted in a patented, hands-free mobility chair for use in multiple populations aimed at improving quality of life. An interdisciplinary team redesigned a powered mobility (wheel) chair to enable individuals to operate it hands-free. This type of controller allows the chair to become an extension of the body, and create new movement and choreographic possibilities useful in the expressive arts such as dance. The patented prototype design enables individuals to control direction and speed of movement by leaning the torso, leaving the upper extremities free to move expressively. This offers a unique mobility option. Additional movement features in progress, such as height control, and seat rotation also add to the versatility and utility of the device to serve a variety of purposes. This article addresses technological design through the artistic lens of dance, summarizes the innovation process and context, and highlights the educational impact and interdisciplinary research progress thus far.