gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A putative lichenysin A synthetase operon in Bacillus licheniformis: initial characterization (1998)

Certain Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from oil wells have been shown to produce a very effective biosurfactant, lichenysin A, which is structurally similar to another less active lipopeptide, surfactin. Surfactin, like many small peptides in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, is synthesized non-ribosomally by multi-enzyme peptide synthetase complex. Analysis of several peptide synthetases of bacterial and fungal origin has revealed a high degree of sequence conservation. Two 35-mer oligonucleotides derived from highly conserved motifs (‘core I’ and ‘core II’) of surfactin synthetase were used to identify the cloned putative operon of lichenysin A synthetase lchA from B. licheniformis BNP29, a strain not amenable to genetic manipulation in a BAC system (F-plasmid-based bacterial artificial chromosome) based on Escherichia coli and its single-copy plasmid F-factor. A 32.4 kb fragment containing lichenysin A biosynthesis locus was sequenced and analysed. The structural architecture of putative lichenysin A synthetase protein containing seven amino acid (aa) activation-thiolation, two epimerization and one thioesterase domains is discussed in terms of its similarity to surfactin and other peptide synthetases. The 100 aa peptide chain situated between the highly conserved signature sequences FDXX and NXYGPTE(IV)X within amino acid binding domains of peptide synthetases is proposed to be a minimal block dictating the substrate specificity of the enzymes. A new operon-type structure has been localized directly upstream from the lichenysin A synthetase genes which, on the basis of sequence determination, potentially encode a four-member ABC-type transport system involved in product secretion.
Melt flow index values and molecular weight distributions of commercial thermoplastics (1990)

Abstract The traditional melt index test (ASTM D 1238) is widely used in the plastics industry to characterize polymer processability. The data from this measurement must be interpreted cautiously, however, because polymers are usually processed under conditions that are far removed from those of the melt index test. In this study, melt index (MI) values from a series of polystyrene, polypropylene, linear low‐density polyethylenes (butene and octene copolymers), and high‐density polyethylenes were measured and related to molecular weight distributions of these materials. It was found that a simple relationship between 1/MI versus M̄ x w (where x = 3.4–3.7) was followed for the linear polymers with similar polydispersities. For branched polymers, the best correlation was that of ‐ln(MI) versus ln( M̄ v ). A general relation for shear modifiable polymers like polyethylenes cannot be obtained unless the rheological state of the material can also be defined.
Large‐scale impact of climate change vs. land‐use change on future biome shifts in Latin America (2016)

Climate change and land-use change are two major drivers of biome shifts causing habitat and biodiversity loss. What is missing is a continental-scale future projection of the estimated relative impacts of both drivers on biome shifts over the course of this century. Here, we provide such a projection for the biodiverse region of Latin America under four socio-economic development scenarios. We find that across all scenarios 5-6% of the total area will undergo biome shifts that can be attributed to climate change until 2099. The relative impact of climate change on biome shifts may overtake land-use change even under an optimistic climate scenario, if land-use expansion is halted by the mid-century. We suggest that constraining land-use change and preserving the remaining natural vegetation early during this century creates opportunities to mitigate climate-change impacts during the second half of this century. Our results may guide the evaluation of socio-economic scenarios in terms of their potential for biome conservation under global change.
AC-DC transfer control loop of the PTB highly accurate AC power source (2002)

A multijunction thermal converter (MJTC) being used as the AC-DC transfer device within the control loop of a highly accurate AC power source is considered. A fast buffer amplifier for driving the low input impedance of the MJTC and a very-high-gain differential amplifier for comparing the MJTC output voltage to a DC reference voltage have been specially designed. The special requirements imposed on these amplifiers and how they are solved are described. The input buffer can operate from DC to several kilohertz with a transfer error of less than 1 p.p.m. and an input voltage of up to 10 V r.m.s. A fast-reversed, highly accurate DC signal with a period of about 100 ms can be used to eliminate the DC reversal difference without disturbing the regulation process. The MJTC output voltage can be measured with a sensitivity of about 5 nV (0.05 p.p.m.).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis (2011)

Previous work on action recognition has focused on adapting hand-designed local features, such as SIFT or HOG, from static images to the video domain. In this paper, we propose using unsupervised feature learning as a way to learn features directly from video data. More specifically, we present an extension of the Independent Subspace Analysis algorithm to learn invariant spatio-temporal features from unlabeled video data. We discovered that, despite its simplicity, this method performs surprisingly well when combined with deep learning techniques such as stacking and convolution to learn hierarchical representations. By replacing hand-designed features with our learned features, we achieve classification results superior to all previous published results on the Hollywood2, UCF, KTH and YouTube action recognition datasets. On the challenging Hollywood2 and YouTube action datasets we obtain 53.3% and 75.8% respectively, which are approximately 5% better than the current best published results. Further benefits of this method, such as the ease of training and the efficiency of training and prediction, will also be discussed. You can download our code and learned spatio-temporal features here: http://ai.stanford.edu/~wzou/.
User and entity behavior analytics for enterprise security (2016)

This paper presents an overview of an intelligence platform we have built to address threat hunting and incident investigation use-cases in the cyber security domain. Specifically, we focus on User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) modules that track and monitor behaviors of users, IP addresses and devices in an enterprise. Anomalous behavior is automatically detected using machine learning algorithms based on Singular Values Decomposition (SVD). Such anomalous behavior indicative of potentially malicious activity is alerted to analysts with relevant contextual information for further investigation and action. We provide a detailed description of the models, algorithms and implementation underlying the module and demonstrate the functionality with empirical examples.
Static inverter with synchronous output waveform synthesized by time-optimal-response feedback (1976)

Time-optimal-response "bang-bang" or "bang-hang" technique, using four feedback control loops, synthesizes static-inverter sinusoidal output waveform by self-oscillatory but yet synchronous pulse-frequency-modulation (SPFM). A single modular power stage per phase of AC output entails the minimum of circuit complexity while providing by feedback synthesis individual phase voltage regulation, phase position control and inherent compensation simultaneously for line and load disturbances. Clipped sinewave performance is described under off-limit load or input voltage conditions. Also, approaches to high power levels, 3-phase arraying and parallel modular connection are given.
Joint Force Multipliers: America's Airmen Transition to the Resolute Support Mission (2014)

Abstract : A nonstandard force of Airmen, both individual augmentees (IA) filling positions on joint manning documents and joint expeditionary tasked (JET) Airmen, is deployed to Afghanistan, helping transition the nation from current combat operations to the Resolute Support mission. This transition focuses the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s efforts more squarely on enabling Afghan forces to provide security for their nation through training, advising and assisting. Airmen supporting the joint force through individual augmentation are long-standing and predate the current Operation Enduring Freedom mission. However, support to the joint force also includes a sizeable number of Airmen who are individually tasked, trained, and deployed to conduct missions not always within their core skill sets. The US Air Force s support to the joint fighting team in Afghanistan is as varied as it is important. Most Air Force support is provided by standard units conducting normal missions within their core capabilities. For the most part, these standard-force Airmen prepare, deploy, and operate as a unit. Requirements for JET Airmen, on the other hand, have evolved from what was once considered a temporary solution to offset other services manpower shortfalls to a permanent element of the Global Force Management Allocation Plan. This means that filling JET taskings will remain a consideration long after Afghanistan when the Resolute Support mission is terminated, and Airmen will continue to undertake them with professionalism and pride. As we transition to a new phase of operations in Afghanistan, now is the time to identify hard lessons won on the battlefield while acknowledging outstanding achievements and contributions to the joint force by nonstandard forces.
Total VREcall (2022)

Our memories and past experiences contribute to guiding our perception and action of future affective experiences. Virtual Reality (VR) experiences are more vividly memorized and recalled than non-VR ones, but there is little research on how to detect this recall in VR. We investigate the feasibility of recognizing autobiographical memory (AM) recall in VR using physiological cues: skin conductance, heart-rate variability, eye gaze, and pupillary response. We devised a methodology replicating an existing AM Test in VR. We conducted a user study with 20 participants recalling AM using three valence categories cue words: positive, negative, and neutral. We found a significant effect of AM recalls on EDA peak, and eye blink rate, with a generalized recognition accuracy of 77.1% and person dependent accuracy of up to 95.1%. This shows a promising approach for detecting AM recall in VR and we discuss the implications for VR experience design.
Chromosomal painting shows that “marked chromosomes” in lesser apes and Old World monkeys are not homologous and evolved by convergence (1995)

Cytogeneticists have long held that the single pair of metacentric, NOR-bearing "marked chromosomes" in lesser apes (Hylobatidae) and Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) are homologous. Hylobatids have sometimes been excluded from Hominoidea (great apes and humans) and phylogenetically allied with the lower primates, primarily on the basis of this shared "trait." However, in situ hybridization of human chromosome-specific DNA probes to chromosomes of Hylobates lar, H. syndactylus, H. concolor, Cercopithecus aethiops, Macaca fuscata, Colobus guereza, and Presbytis cristata showed that the so-called "marked chromosomes" in Hylobatidae and Cercopithecidae evolved by convergence. Therefore, "marked chromosomes" cannot be used to exclude gibbons from Hominoidea or to link Hylobatidae with monkeys. Chromosomal painting is a powerful tool to resolve problems of chromosomal homology and helps eliminate phylogenetic errors due to confusing convergence with homology. Chromosomal painting improves the confidence in using cytogenetic data for evolutionary studies, especially in phylogeny and taxonomy.
Synovitis in Dogs with Stable Stifle Joints and Incipient Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Cross‐Sectional Study (2011)

Synovitis is an early feature of the CrCLR arthropathy in dogs before development of joint instability clinically. Severity of synovitis is correlated with radiographic arthritis in joints with minimal to no clinically detectable CrCL damage.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of N‐Benzyl Protecting Groups. (1987)

Abstract The hydrogen donors (II) are employed in the catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of various N‐benzyl compounds (I).
New biocompatible polymer surface coating for stents results in a low neointimal response (2000)

Clinical studies indicate a more pronounced endothelial response after stent implantation than after balloon inflation. This might be related to the metal surface of the stent, and therefore it is speculated that coating of the stent might partially prevent hyperplasia. One coated and one noncoated Palmaz-Schatz stent were implanted in two separate coronary arteries of seven pigs. The coating was composed of methylmethacrylate (MMA) (hydrophobic, 70 mol %) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (hydrophilic 30 mol %). After sacrifice (3 weeks), cross sections were made of the stented areas. Vessel wall reaction was calculated both independently and dependently of local vessel wall injury due to the stent struts. Overall, vessel wall reaction of the coated stents was lower than that of the noncoated stents. The degree of hyperplasia was linearly related to the degree of stent-induced vessel wall injury. Analyses of all the struts showed that significantly less hyperplasia occurred in the coated versus noncoated stents. In this porcine coronary artery model, the MMA/HEMA stent coating resulted in significantly reduced vessel wall response. However, it remains to be determined whether this favorable outcome will also be present in humans.
Optimal strapdown attitude integration algorithms (1990)

The paper examines various algorithms for integrating the noncommutivity rate equation arising in the implementation of the attitude reference function of a strapdown inertial navigation system, and derives a class of optimized algorithms for performing this integration. The accuracy characteristics associated with each of the algorithms, when the system is exposed to pure coning motion, as well as to a generalized vibrational environment, are defined. The class of optimized algorithms is shown to minimize the mean error in the correction provided by the algorithm in a generalized vibrational environment.
Protective Effect of Arctigenin against MPP+ and MPTP-induced Neurotoxicity (2014)

The potential protective effects of arctigenin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyride-induced neurotoxicity were examined, and the results indicated that arctigenin could improve the movement behaviors and upregulate dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid levels in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyride-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. A further in vitro experiment showed that the pretreatment with arctigenin on cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells could obviously attenuate the decrease of cell survival rates caused by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion by way of acting against cell apoptosis through the decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3, and by antioxidative action through reduction of the surplus reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. It is for the first time that a neuroprotective activity of arctigenin in both in vitro and in vivo experiments was reported, enlightening that arctigenin could be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.
An adaptive ensemble method for quantitative rainfall forecast (2011)

In this paper, we have presented an adaptive ensemble method for rainfall forecast. The ensemble is adaptive in sense that the members of the ensemble are trained repeatedly. For this purpose, we have employed strategies in repeated one-step ahead prediction rainfall data. On the other hand, we use diverse models and adapt the weights with which each of these models contribute to the ensemble. We have used, a) multi-layered perceptron network (MLPN), b) Elman recurrent neural network (ERNN), c) radial basis function network (RBFN), and d) generalized neural network (GRNN) as the base models in the ensemble. Each of the base models are trained using soft splitting of the data. The proposed ensemble method has advantages over basic ensemble methods for rainfall forecasting in the sense that the output of this ensemble is an adaptively weighted linear combination of the outputs of the individual models. Moreover, during the test phase the base models are first ranked using least angle regression (LARS). The LARS ranks the variables (i.e., models) according to their predictive performance (i.e., forecasting). In this way, only the higher ranked models are kept reducing the computational complexity of the ensemble. We have set up the case study for the proposed ensemble method on the rainfall series of west central India. The empirical results suggest that the integration of ranking and adaptive fitting of the base models is advantageous than linearly combined ensemble methods in two ways. First, the adaptive ensemble model achieves a competent forecast performance while keeping adaptive property. Second, it has low computational cost as the inefficient base models are discarded while ranking the base models.
A Survey of Flattening‐Based Medical Visualization Techniques (2018)

Abstract In many areas of medicine, visualization research can help with task simplification, abstraction or complexity reduction. A common visualization approach is to facilitate parameterization techniques which flatten a usually 3D object into a 2D plane. Within this state of the art report (STAR), we review such techniques used in medical visualization and investigate how they can be classified with respect to the handled data and the underlying tasks. Many of these techniques are inspired by mesh parameterization algorithms which help to project a triangulation in ℝ 3 to a simpler domain in ℝ 2 . It is often claimed that this makes complex structures easier to understand and compare by humans and machines. Within this STAR we review such flattening techniques which have been developed for the analysis of the following medical entities: the circulation system, the colon, the brain, tumors, and bones. For each of these five application scenarios, we have analyzed the tasks and requirements, and classified the reviewed techniques with respect to a developed coding system. Furthermore, we present guidelines for the future development of flattening techniques in these areas.
Visualization of Neuronal Activity in Monkey Striate Cortex (1989)

The greatest recent success at describing the functional anatomy of one neocortical area was achieved by Hubel & Wiesel (11) whose work on primary visual (striate) cortex has provided tantalizing information about the topographical organization of two response properties, ocular dominance and orientation selectivity. The first of these is associated with depth perception and refers to the response preference that a neuron shows for one eye or the other. The second property, orientation selectivity, relates to contour detec­ tion and refers to the preference that a neuron shows for edges at particular orientations. Hubel & Wiesel's work has established that both properties remain constant with depth, yet vary systematically with lateral displacement. For ocular dominance this variation arises from the interdigitation of two sets of slabs, each about 0.5 mm wide, and each containing neurons dominated by one eye or the other. For orientational preference this variation occurs con­ tinuously; lateral movements through cortex produce regular and predictable shifts (or rotations) in preferred orientation. At intervals however, that corre­ spond roughly (and curiously) to the widths of ocular dominance slabs, there are sudden jumps in preferred orientation or reversals in the direction of change that disrupt the continuity. Given the obvious importance that lateral arrangements play in the ordering of cortical information, one naturally wonders whether or not there might be a convenient way of studying them-a technique that possibly would allow the direct visualization of responses in cortex to different visual stimuli. The
Cytotoxic Activity of Metal Complexes of Biogenic Polyamines:  Polynuclear Platinum(II) Chelates (2004)

Several polynuclear Pt(II) chelates with biogenic polyamines were synthesized and screened for their potential antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in different human cancer cell lines. To gather information regarding the structure-activity relationships underlying their biological activity, the complexes studied were designed to differ in geometrical parameters such as the nature of the ligand and the number and chemical environment of the metal centers. Distinct effects were found for different cell lines and different structural characteristics of the complexes; chelates II, III, and IV displayed specificity toward the HeLa and HSC-3 epithelial-type cells, while V, VI, and VII were clearly more effective against the THP-1, MOLT-3, and CCRF-CEM leukemia cell lines. The toxicity of these Pt(II) complexes on noncancer cells was, in all cases, found to be reversed upon drug removal.
Is flexoelectricity the coupling factor between chemical energy and osmotic work in the pump? A model of pump. (1986)

The following pump model is proposed. A gate is responsible for pump specificity. The actual driving force of the transport of ions against the electrochemical potential gradient is the electric field originating from an altered curvature of the phospholipid bilayer around the pump. The physical origin of this curvature-induced electric field arises from a basic liquid crystal property of lipid bilayers called flexoelectricity. Alterations occurring in phospholipid bilayer arrangement are due to changed conformation of protein; the main energy source of this change is ATP. Consequently, the energy of ATP is transformed, in our pump model, into osmotic work in following steps: ATP + protein (conformation I)----protein (conformation II)----alterations in phospholipid bilayer arrangement----electric field----active transport of ions. This model is the most simple one. In Na, K-pump there is a bidirectional ion transport. In our model of Na, K-pump three conformational states of pump proteins and two different electric fields formed sequentially in opposite directions are supposed.
Molecular properties of the nerve growth factor secreted by L cells. (1977)

The molecular size and stability of the nerve growth factor (NGF) secreted in culture by L cells have been studied by sedimentation and gel filtration chromatography. Results indicate that L cell NGF has a molecular weight of 160,000. It contains as part of its structure a protein component that is biologically, immunologically, and electrophoretically indistinguishable from the biologically active factor purified from mouse submandibular glands. However, unlike pure gland NGF, L cell NGF is highly stable in solution, and this finding indicates that L cell NGF is a form of the factor different from that previously described.
Ergatis: a web interface and scalable software system for bioinformatics workflows (2010)

Ergatis is an open-source project and is freely available at http://ergatis.sourceforge.net.