gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS, A GEMINIVIRUS WITH A SINGLE GENOMIC COMPONENT: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF INFECTION AND NEW WAYS FOR TOMATO PROTECTION (1994)

ISHS VIII International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS, A GEMINIVIRUS WITH A SINGLE GENOMIC COMPONENT: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF INFECTION AND NEW WAYS FOR TOMATO PROTECTION
Posttranslational Modification of 6-Phosphofructo-1-Kinase in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2005)

Two different enzymes exhibiting 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1) activity were isolated from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger: the native enzyme with a molecular mass of 85 kDa, which corresponded to the calculated molecular mass of the deduced amino acid sequence of the A. niger pfkA gene, and a shorter protein of approximately 49 kDa. A fragment of identical size also was obtained in vitro by the proteolytic digestion of the partially purified native PFK1 with proteinase K. When PFK1 activity was measured during the proteolytic degradation of the native protein, it was found to be lost after 1 h of incubation, but it was reestablished after induction of phosphorylation by adding the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to the system. By determining kinetic parameters, different ratios of activities measured at ATP concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM were detected with fragmented PFK1, as with the native enzyme. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate significantly increased the Vmax of the fragmented protein, while it had virtually no effect on the native protein. The native enzyme could be purified only from the early stages of growth on a minimal medium, while the 49-kDa fragment appeared later and was activated at the time of a sudden change in the growth rate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sequential purifications of PFK1 enzymes by affinity chromatography during the early stages of the fungal development suggested spontaneous posttranslational modification of the native PFK1 in A. niger cells, while from the kinetic parameters determined for both isolated forms it could be concluded that the fragmented enzyme might be more efficient under physiological conditions.
Simulation of Ion Trajectories in the Quadrupole Ion Trap (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Recent Applications of Simulations Theoretical Background Conclusions References
<title>Preliminary report on the influence of an argon laser on electrophysiology of cochlea in guinea pigs</title> (1997)

A small electrical potential generated by cochlear, when the ear is stimulated by sound, has been used to estimate the influence of the argon laser on cochlear activity in guinea pigs. The detected potentials were recorded prior to, during and after laser irradiation of bone of cochlear, Laser pulses of 0.5-1 s duration and peak power of 100-660 mW were used in the experiment. The number of pulses in the series and the time interval between single laser pulses were varied, too. Depending on the laser irradiation parameters the values of CM returned or no to the pre-impact value.
Probabilistic Detection of Pointing Directions for Human-Robot Interaction (2015)

Deictic gestures - pointing at things in human-human collaborative tasks - constitute a pervasive, non-verbal way of communication, used e.g. to direct attention towards objects of interest. In a human-robot interactive scenario, in order to delegate tasks from a human to a robot, one of the key requirements is to recognize and estimate the pose of the pointing gesture. Standard approaches rely on full-body or partial-body postures to detect the pointing direction. We present a probabilistic, appearance-based object detection framework to detect pointing gestures and robustly estimate the pointing direction. Our method estimates the pointing direction without assuming any human kinematic model. We propose a functional model for pointing which incorporates two types of pointing, finger pointing and tool pointing using an object in hand. We evaluate our method on a new dataset with 9 participants pointing at 10 objects.
Surface conduction in short-channel MOS devices as a limitation to VLSI scaling (1982)

In MOS VLSI device scaling, two major limiting mechanisms are the punchthrough and source-drain breakdown. The punchthrough mechanism is generally considered a bulk-dominated effect. Drain-source avalanche breakdown is generally attributed to bipolar transistor action between drain and source, dominated by injection through the neutral substrate region. The present work includes an experimental verification and a qualitative model demonstrating that both punchthrough and drain-source avalanche breakdown limitations are surface and surface-depletion-region dominated mechanisms, respectively. The two mechanisms are treated simultaneously since both involve enhanced injection from the source due to drain-induced source-potential barrier lowering. The experimental verification is done over a wide range of relevant device parameters, channel implant concentration between 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> -1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for punchthrough and 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> -5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for drain-source avalanche breakdown, effective channel length of 1.0-30.0 µm for both mechanisms.
Cap 1 Messenger RNA Synthesis with Co‐transcriptional CleanCap<sup>®</sup> Analog by In Vitro Transcription (2021)

Synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics are an increasingly popular approach to gene and cell therapies, genome engineering, enzyme replacement therapy, and now, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vaccine development. mRNA for such purposes can be synthesized through an enzymatic in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction and formulated for in vivo delivery. Mature mRNA requires a 5'-cap for gene expression and mRNA stability. There are two methods to add a cap in vitro: via a two-step multi-enzymatic reaction or co-transcriptionally. Co-transcriptional methods minimize reaction steps and enzymes needed to make mRNA when compared to enzymatic capping. CleanCap<sup>®</sup> AG co-transcriptional capping results in 5 mg/ml of IVT with 94% 5'-cap 1 structure. This is highly efficient compared to first-generation cap analogs, such as mCap and ARCA, that incorporate cap 0 structures at lower efficiency and reaction yield. This article describes co-transcriptional capping using TriLink Biotechnology's CleanCap<sup>®</sup> AG in IVT. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: IVT with CleanCap Basic Protocol 2: mRNA purification and analysis.
Hybrid Cellular Automata: a biologically-inspired structural optimization technique (2004)

In this investigation the hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) method for structural synthesis is extended to facilitate simultaneous topology and shape optimization. The HCA methodology has been developed for application to continuum structures. The development of this methodology has been inspired by the biological process of bone remodeling. In bone remodeling, only those elements located on the surface of the mineralized structure can be modified. In the HCA methodology implemented in this research only surface elements are allowed to change density during the structural synthesis process. The HCA method combines local design rules based on the cellular automaton paradigm and finite element analysis. Closed-loop control is used to modify the mass distribution on the internal and external surfaces of the design domain to find an optimum structure. The local control maintains a balance between mass and rigidity. The new methodology effectively combines elements of topology optimization and shape optimization into a single tool. Three classes of test problems are used to illustrate the method’s efficacy.
The Sea of Stuff : a model to manage shared mutable data in a distributed environment (2019)

Managing data is one of the main challenges in distributed systems and computer science in general. Data is created, shared, and managed across heterogeneous distributed systems of users, services, applications, and devices without a clear and comprehensive data model. This technological fragmentation and lack of a common data model result in a poor understanding of what data is, how it evolves over time, how it should be managed in a distributed system, and how it should be protected and shared. From a user perspective, for example, backing up data over multiple devices is a hard and error-prone process, or synchronising data with a cloud storage service can result in conflicts and unpredictable behaviours. This thesis identifies three challenges in data management: (1) how to extend the current data abstractions so that content, for example, is accessible irrespective of its location, versionable, and easy to distribute; (2) how to enable transparent data storage relative to locations, users, applications, and services; and (3) how to allow data owners to protect data against malicious users and automatically control content over a distributed system. These challenges are studied in detail in relation to the current state of the art and addressed throughout the rest of the thesis. The artefact of this work is the Sea of Stuff (SOS), a generic data model of immutable self-describing location-independent entities that allow the construction of a distributed system where data is accessible and organised irrespective of its location, easy to protect, and can be automatically managed according to a set of user-defined rules. The evaluation of this thesis demonstrates the viability of the SOS model for managing data in a distributed system and using user-defined rules to automatically manage data across multiple nodes.
Sensitivity-Based Anonymization of Big Data (2016)

Data Analytics is widely used as a means of extracting useful information from available data. It is only natural that it is increasingly adapted for processing big data. The rapidly growing demand for big data analytics has several undesirable side-effects. Perhaps, the most significant of those relates to increased risks for data disclosure and privacy violations. Data anonymization can provide promising solutions for minimizing such risks. In this paper, we discuss some of the specific requirements of the anonymization process when dealing with big data. We show that in general, information loss is the result of avoidable generalization of similar or equivalent data. Using these analyses, we propose a novel framework for data anonymization, which expands the k-anonymity properties and concepts and takes the data class values and the sensitivity of data into account. As such, the proposed process can utilize a bottom-up approach, in contrast to most other anonymization methods. The top-down approaches usually generalize all records, the equivalent and the non-equivalent ones. Ours is more methodical, as it avoids the generalization of the equivalent records. With the inclusion of sensitivity levels, we demonstrate that our framework can reduce the iteration steps and the time required to finalize the anonymization, and therefore enhance the overall efficiency of the process.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes From an Institutional Series of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas and Related Tumors (2002)

The survival curves suggest a more aggressive cancer than pancreatic endocrine neoplasms but one that is less aggressive than ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Those patients who present with localized disease have a much better prognosis than those who present with metastases. There is a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection, suggesting that micrometastases are present even in localized disease and that adjuvant therapies may be indicated. Chemotherapy and radiation afford disappointing results, however, and novel therapies are needed.
Shear deformation, ideal strength, and stacking fault formation of fcc metals: A density-functional study of Al and Cu (2009)

Ab initio density-functional calculations have been used to study the response of two face-centered-cubic metals (Al and Cu) to shearing parallel to the close-packed (111) planes along two different directions, $[11\overline{2}]$ and $[\overline{1}10]$. Two different types of deformations---affine and alias---have been investigated. Under an affine shear deformation, all atoms are shifted parallel to the shearing direction by a distance proportional to their distance from the fixed basal plane. In the alias regime, only the top layer is displaced in the shearing direction. In both regimes, calculations have been performed with (pure shear) and without (simple shear) relaxation. For a pure alias shear, due to the interaction between the atoms, the displacement propagates through the sample; this is certainly the most realistic description of the shearing processes. In the pure alias regime, shear deformation, theoretical shear strength, and stacking fault formations may be described on a common footing. For small strains (in the elastic region), affine and alias shears lead to very similar results. Beyond the elastic limit, relaxation has a strong influence of the response on an applied shear strain. The elastic shear moduli are significantly larger for Cu than for Al, but a much higher shear strength is calculated for Al, although the shear strength is limited by the occurrence of a stacking fault instability before the stress maximum is reached. Under $⟨\overline{1}10⟩$ {111} shear the analysis of the atomistic deformation mechanism shows that in this case the formation of a stacking fault leads to a splitting of the $\frac{1}{2}[\overline{1}10]$ dislocation into two partial Shockley dislocations. Due to the repulsive interaction between the atoms in adjacent close-packed planes, the atoms in the top A layer move along $\frac{1}{6}[\overline{2}11]$ to a position directly above the B layer such that the stable intrinsic stacking fault configuration is the same for both slip systems. The analysis of the variation in the lattice parameters under strain reveals significant differences in the relaxation behavior of both metals: Al is very stiff, but Cu is rather soft along the $⟨112⟩$; in-plane relaxation is very strong for Cu but modest for Al. This much stronger relaxation explains that while the differences in the unstable stacking fault energies of both metals are only modest, the intrinsic stacking fault energies differ by as much as a factor of 4. A detailed comparison of the response to shear and tensile deformations has been performed. A phonon instability of the uniaxial tensile deformation along the [110] direction has been explained by the close connection with the shear system $⟨11\overline{2}⟩$ {111}.
Muslims and Christians Face to Face By Kate Zebiri. Oxford: Oneworld Publications 1997. Pp. x, 258. Price PB  14.99. 1-85168-133-7. (2001)

Muslims and Christians Face to Face By Kate Zebiri. Oxford: Oneworld Publications 1997. Pp. x, 258. Price PB £14.99. 1–85168–133–7. Get access Ataullah Siddiqui Ataullah Siddiqui Islamic Foundation, Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 111–113, https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.1.111 Published: 01 January 2001
Whole-body direct 4D parametric PET imaging employing nested generalized Patlak expectation–maximization reconstruction (2016)

Whole-body (WB) dynamic PET has recently demonstrated its potential in translating the quantitative benefits of parametric imaging to the clinic. Post-reconstruction standard Patlak (sPatlak) WB graphical analysis utilizes multi-bed multi-pass PET acquisition to produce quantitative WB images of the tracer influx rate K i as a complimentary metric to the semi-quantitative standardized uptake value (SUV). The resulting K i images may suffer from high noise due to the need for short acquisition frames. Meanwhile, a generalized Patlak (gPatlak) WB post-reconstruction method had been suggested to limit K i bias of sPatlak analysis at regions with non-negligible (18)F-FDG uptake reversibility; however, gPatlak analysis is non-linear and thus can further amplify noise. In the present study, we implemented, within the open-source software for tomographic image reconstruction platform, a clinically adoptable 4D WB reconstruction framework enabling efficient estimation of sPatlak and gPatlak images directly from dynamic multi-bed PET raw data with substantial noise reduction. Furthermore, we employed the optimization transfer methodology to accelerate 4D expectation-maximization (EM) convergence by nesting the fast image-based estimation of Patlak parameters within each iteration cycle of the slower projection-based estimation of dynamic PET images. The novel gPatlak 4D method was initialized from an optimized set of sPatlak ML-EM iterations to facilitate EM convergence. Initially, realistic simulations were conducted utilizing published (18)F-FDG kinetic parameters coupled with the XCAT phantom. Quantitative analyses illustrated enhanced K i target-to-background ratio (TBR) and especially contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) performance for the 4D versus the indirect methods and static SUV. Furthermore, considerable convergence acceleration was observed for the nested algorithms involving 10-20 sub-iterations. Moreover, systematic reduction in K i % bias and improved TBR were observed for gPatlak versus sPatlak. Finally, validation on clinical WB dynamic data demonstrated the clinical feasibility and superior K i CNR performance for the proposed 4D framework compared to indirect Patlak and SUV imaging.
A comparison of the prevalence of autoantibodies in individuals with chronic hepatitis C and those with autoimmune hepatitis: the role of interferon in the development of autoimmune diseases. (1997)

The rate of ANA positivity was 63% in both groups; the rate of SMA positivity was 65% in patients with HCV infection (group I) and 63% in patients with AIH (group II). AMA was positive in 4% of the subjects in group I and 50% of the subjects in group II; anti-LKM antibodies were absent in all 91 HCV cases and were present in 4% of the cases in group II; MSA positivity was present in 17% of group I and 10% of group II. Eighty-one of the one hundred sixty-two patients (50%) with chronic hepatitis C received IFN treatment at a dose of 5 MU SQ daily for 6 months. Thirty-two of these eighty-one patients (42 females and 39 males with a mean age of 45.0 +/- 1.3, ranging from 18 to 81 yr.) had at least two autoantibodies detectable prior to the IFN therapy (subgroup 1) and 49 had one or no identifiable autoantibodies (subgroup 2) present prior to IFN therapy. No significant differences in the interferon response rate defined by HCV-RNA negativity and normalization of serum ALT levels at the end of therapy was noted between those with autoantibodies and those without autoantibodies. Fifteen of the interferon-treated patients developed a clinical manifestation of a new onset autoimmune disease during the course of their interferon treatment. Six of the fifteen patients belonged to subgroup 1 (n = 32) and the remaining 9 patients to subgroup 2 (n = 49) (p > 0.05). None were managed by discontinuing the interferon. Most required some form of specific treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Bevalac calibration of the SOFIE range and hodoscope detectors (1985)

The scintillating optical fiber isotope experiment (SOFIE) is a Cerenkov-dE/dx-Range experiment which was developed initially for balloon flight to study the isotopic composition of cosmic rays in the iron region. The electronic range and hodoscope detectors use scintillating optical fibers to image the tracks of stopping charged particles and to determine their trajectory. The particle range is determined and used together with a Cerenkov measurement to determine the mass of the stopping particle. Preliminary results of a Bevalac calibration performed in August, 1984 with a prototype of the balloon flight instrument, to study the measurement precision in range and trajectory which could be attained with this detector are described.
Cytokine Protein Arrays (2004)

Cytokines play important roles in many aspects of cell physiology and pathology. The simultaneous determination of multiple cytokine-expression levels is receiving much attention in the research community. Multiple cytokine-expression levels can be simultaneously determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based protein array technology. In this approach, target proteins are captured by the arrayed capture antibody and then detected in a sandwich ELISA format using a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies. The signals are visualized by either horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin and enhanced chemiluminescence, or cy3-conjugated streptavidin and laser scanner. Several key factors and steps are described, including selection of solid supports, selection of suitable antibodies, determination of specificity and sensitivity of cytokine protein arrays, array design, sample preparation, and detailed experimental procedures for macroarray and microarray formats. An account of the successful development and application of cytokine protein arrays is presented.
Liquid‐induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1969)

Abstract Amorphous unoriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) was crystallized at 25°C by various organic liquids. The crystalliznity induced in the amorphous polymer was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The ability of liquids to interact with and induced crystallinity in the amorphous polymer was classified on the basis of their solubility parameters. Measurements of the density of liquid‐crystallized 0.8‐mil films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) indicated the presence of extensive internal voids in the semicrystalline polymer matrix. Comparison of differential scanning calorimetric thermograms and infared spectra of heat‐crystalized and liquid‐crystallized polymer indicated significant differences in the polymer morphologies induced by the two crystallization processes.
Investigations into performances of single layer and stacked configurations of multiband PIFA antenna (2005)

The paper presents investigations into single layer and stacked configurations of a PIFA terminal antenna for multiband operation. Our findings show that the stacked patch configuration is difficult to tune in individual subbands and the attainable bands are not as broad as for a single layer counterpart. Increasing the operational bandwidth of a single layer PIFA can be achieved by folding and tapering the patch conductor, as well as by careful trimming its coupling to the ground plane.