gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secretin receptor‐knockout mice are resistant to high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and exhibit impaired intestinal lipid absorption (2014)

Secretin, a classical gastrointestinal hormone released from S cells in response to acid and dietary lipid, regulates pleiotropic physiological functions, such as exocrine pancreatic secretion and gastric motility. Subsequent to recently proposed revisit on secretin's metabolic effects, we have confirmed lipolytic actions of secretin during starvation and discovered a hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated mechanistic pathway behind. In this study, a 12 wk high-fat diet (HFD) feeding to secretin receptor-knockout (SCTR(-/-)) mice and their wild-type (SCTR(+/+)) littermates revealed that, despite similar food intake, SCTR(-/-) mice gained significantly less weight (SCTR(+/+): 49.6±0.9 g; SCTR(-/-): 44.7±1.4 g; P<0.05) and exhibited lower body fat content. These SCTR(-/-) mice have corresponding alleviated HFD-associated hyperleptinemia and improved glucose/insulin tolerance. Further analyses indicate that SCTR(-/-) have impaired intestinal fatty acid absorption while having similar energy expenditure and locomotor activity. Reduced fat absorption in the intestine is further supported by lowered postprandial triglyceride concentrations in circulation in SCTR(-/-) mice. In jejunal cells, transcript and protein levels of a key fat absorption regulator, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), was reduced in knockout mice, while transcript of Cd36 and fatty-acid uptake in isolated enterocytes was stimulated by secretin. Based on our findings, a novel positive feedback pathway involving secretin and CD36 to enhance intestinal lipid absorption is being proposed.
Optimized Synthesis of Fe/N/C Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: A Matter of Iron–Ligand Coordination Strength (2013)

Nur im Originalzustand aktiv: Hoch aktive Fe/N/C-Katalysatoren für die Sauerstoffreduktion in Polymerelektrolytmembran(PEM)-Brennstoffzellen wurden aus dem zeolithischen Imidazolatgerüst ZIF-8 und einem Eisenkomplex hergestellt. Entscheidend für die hohe Aktivität ist, dass jegliche Substitution der ZnII-Ionen in ZIF-8 durch FeII-Ionen unterdrückt wird (siehe Bild; TPTZ=2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazin).
First-Principles Calculation of Vibrational Raman Spectra in Large Systems: Signature of Small Rings in Crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2003)

We present an approach for the efficient calculation of vibrational Raman intensities in periodic systems within density functional theory. The Raman intensities are computed from the second order derivative of the electronic density matrix with respect to a uniform electric field. In contrast to previous approaches, the computational effort required by our method for the evaluation of the intensities is negligible compared to that required for the calculation of vibrational frequencies. As a first application, we study the signature of 3- and 4-membered rings in the Raman spectra of several polymorphs of SiO2, including a zeolite (H-ZSM-18) having 102 atoms per unit cell.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Speakers with Repaired Cleft Palate (2007)

This study contributes to a better understanding of cleft palate anatomy in comparison with normal anatomy of the levator veli palatini muscle. The use of MRI shows promise as an important tool in the diagnosis and eventual aid to treatment decisions for individuals born with cleft palate.
Mechanism of Superlong Fatigue Failure in the Regime of N>107 Cycles and Fractography of the Fracture Surface. (2000)

In order to elucidate the mechanism of superlong fatigue failure in the regime of N>107 cycles, the fracture surfaces of specimens of heat treated hard steel, SCM 435 and 0.46% medium carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope, SEM and AFM. It has been revealed that specimens having longer life have a particular morphology beside the inclusion at fracture origin. The particular morphology looks optically dark by the observation of optical microscope and it has been named the optically dark area, ODA. The ODA looks a rough area in the observation by SEM and AFM. The relative size of ODA to the size of inclusion at fracture origin increases with increase in fatigue life. Thus, ODA has a crucial importance for the mechanism of superlong fatigue failure. It has been assumed that ODA is made by the fatigue due to cyclic stress coupled with hydrogen which is trapped by the inclusion at fracture origin. To verify the hypothesis, specimens annealed at 300°C in a vacuum (VA specimens) and quenched in a vacuum (VQ specimens) are prepared to desorp the hydrogen trapped by inclusions. The specimens VA and VQ, had a much smaller ODA than conventionally heat treated specimens. Thus, it has been concluded that hydrogen trapped by inclusion is the crucial factor which causes superlong fatigue failure of high strength steels.
Inter-Ligand Energy Transfer and Related Emission Change in the Cyclometalated Heteroleptic Iridium Complex:  Facile and Efficient Color Tuning over the Whole Visible Range by the Ancillary Ligand Structure (2005)

We report a novel color tuning methodology in the electrophosphorescent iridium complex by substituting one cyclometalating ligand to an ancillary ligand as an emitting center. Highly efficient exothermic inter-ligand energy transfer (ILET) from the MLCT3 state produced between iridium and cyclometalating 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine to LX3 state of the ancillary ligand offers a chance to access a wider range of color from sky blue (478 nm) to red (666 nm). Characteristic shapes of photoluminescence spectra, strong solvatochromic phenomena as well as DFT calculations gave evidences for this exothermic ILET.
TOSS: Traffic-aware distributed object-based storage using software-defined networks (2018)

As storage systems grow to Petascale, the demand for object storage increases. In a large scale heterogeneous object storage systems, efficient selection of storage targets for placing objects is critically important since the performance depends on even distribution of objects across storage targets. An efficient storage target selection for object placement depends not only on available storage target capacity but also network bandwidth. The storage target selection based either only on the available storage capacity or only on the available network bandwidth may not result in the optimal usage of storage/network resources to achieve the performance. The object placement under heterogeneous environment considering load balancing is a challenging problem. There is a need to orchestrate the network and storage resources with efficient object to storage mapping. In this paper, we present an efficient and scalable object placement strategy using software-defined networking (SDN) technique. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through simulation results and compare with Distributed Hash Table (DHT) method.
Use of AffiProbe HPV test kit for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in genital scrapes (1990)

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical and vaginal scrapes was analyzed by the AffiProbe HPV test kit (Orion Corp., Orion Pharmaceutica, Helsinki, Finland), which is a 1-day solution hybridization test for HPV type 6/11, 16, or 18. The AffiProbe test was compared with a commercially available dot blot test (ViraPap and ViraType tests; Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.). The study group consisted of 178 patients seen in a gynecological outpatient clinic. Altogether, 64 specimens (36 cervical and 28 vaginal scrapes) from 49 patients were positive by the AffiProbe test. Concurrently collected cervical scrapes from 174 patients were available for the reference test, which yielded 27 positive results for HPV type 6/11 or 16/18 and 25 positive results for HPV type 31/33/35. Agreement as to the presence of HPV type 6/11, 16, or 18 by the two tests was reached in 85% of the specimens. Eleven cervical specimens were positive by the AffiProbe test only, and nine cervical specimens were positive by the ViraType test only. Independent evidence obtained by the polymerase chain reaction, repeat examination, or the concurrent presence of HPV DNA in vaginal or vulval epithelium supported the AffiProbe and the ViraType test results for 6 of the 11 and 6 of the 9 specimens with discrepant results, respectively. Thus, the DNA tests had similar sensitivities for HPV type 6/11, 16, and 18 DNAs, but the results were obtained within 1 day by the AffiProbe test, whereas results for the ViraPap and ViraType analyses required from 4 days to 2 weeks.
Chirale α‐Ferrocenylalkylamine (1986)

Abstract Die Darstellung chiraler α‐Ferrocenylalkylamine durch Enantiomerentrennung wird beschrieben. In manchen Fällen gelingt es, beide Enantiomere mit einem einzigen chiralen Reagens rein zu erhalten. Bei der diastereoselektiven Synthese von α‐Ferrocenylalkylaminen mit zwei Chiralitätszentren werden Kinetik und Thermodynamik der Reaktionen von α‐Ferrocenylalkyl‐Carbokationen ausgenützt. Die dargestellten Amine wurden auf ihre Eignung als chiral induzierende Hilfsstoffe bei der Synthese von Modellpeptiden durch stereoselektive Vierkomponentenkondensation untersucht.
The Crystal Structure of Recombinant proDer p 1, a Major House Dust Mite Proteolytic Allergen (2005)

Allergy to house dust mite is among the most prevalent allergic diseases worldwide. Most house dust mite allergic patients react to Der p 1 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, which is a cysteine protease. To avoid heterogeneity in the sample used for crystallization, a modified recombinant molecule was produced. The sequence of the proDer p 1 allergen was modified to reduce glycosylation and to abolish enzymatic activity. The resulting rproDer p 1 preparation was homogenous and stable and yielded crystals diffracting to a resolution of 1.61 A. The active site is located in a large cleft on the surface of the molecule. The 80-aa pro-peptide adopts a unique fold that interacts with the active site cleft and a substantial adjacent area on the mature region, excluding access to the cleft and the active site. Studies performed using crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis and IgE inhibition experiments indicated that several epitopes are covered by the pro-peptide and that the epitopes on the recombinant mature molecule are indistinguishable from those on the natural one. The structure confirms previous results suggesting a preference for aliphatic residues in the important P2 position in substrates. Sequence variations in related species are concentrated on the surface, which explains the existence of cross-reacting and species-specific antibodies. This study describes the first crystal structure of one of the clinically most important house dust mite allergens, the cysteine protease Der p 1.
Noncoherent hybrid parallel PN code acquisition for CDMA mobile communications (1996)

This paper proposes a noncoherent hybrid parallel pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition scheme for code-division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication systems and analyzes the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) on the code acquisition performance for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The hybrid acquisition scheme combines parallel search with serial search to cover the whole uncertainty region of the input code phase. It has a much simpler acquisition hardware structure than the total parallel acquisition and can achieve the mean acquisition time slightly inferior to that of the total parallel acquisition in the case of severe MAI; on the other hand, it provides the flexibility in the tradeoff between the mean acquisition time and system complexity if no MAI is considered. The closed-form expressions of the detection and false-alarm probabilities and mean acquisition time are derived. Numerical analysis quantifies the severe performance degradation of code acquisition due to both MAI and channel fading, and demonstrates the dependence of the increase of mean acquisition time (due to MAI) on the number of users in the CDMA system, system design parameters, and channel fading statistics.
Improvement of magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles by adding Mn (2005)

FePtMn nanoparticles were synthesized by the simultaneous reduction of iron acetylacetonate, platinum acetylacetonate, and manganese acetylacetonate with 1,2-hexadecanediol as the reducing reagent in the polyol process. The coercivity of annealed nanoparticles strongly depends on the amount of Mn addition. A maximum coercivity of 19kOe at room temperature was obtained for (Fe32Pt68)87Mn13 nanoparticles annealed at 700°C for 1h. The presence of Mn in the FePt L10 lattice may induce local strain so the ordering is accelerated. In addition, the high coercivity can presumably be partially related to the local bonding of Pt–Mn (or Fe–Mn) in the L10 structure.
Clinical associations of autoantibodies to a p155/140 kDa doublet protein in juvenile dermatomyositis (2007)

Anti-p155/140 autoantibodies are clinically significant in JDM and may define a clinical subset in terms of disease severity and outcome. The same autoantigen target is detected in adult DM patients.
Biology of human testicular germ cell tumours (1999)

Testicular germ cell tumours are a rare and bizarre diversion in the life cycle of the male germ line. These neoplasms are thought to originate during embryonic life from primordial germ cells (PGCs) which fail to undergo maturation into prospermatogonia. Maturation arrest and the development of aneuploidy in the PGC give rise to the precursor of germ cell malignancy, the testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) cell. Thereafter, a complex series of genetic changes, coupled with the onset of puberty, can either convert the CIS cell into a malignant tumour made up of cells resembling primordial germ cells (a seminoma), or drive it down a pathway akin to parthenogenesis, so that it acquires a special property shared with cells of the early embryo – pluripotentiality, or the ability to differentiate into a wide range of somatic cells. The latter form of germ cell tumour, a teratocarcinoma, will contain primitive undifferentiated stem cells and multiple somatic tissues representing derivatives of all three germ layers plus the extraembryonic membranes which support development. Pluripotentiality is a property common to the oocyte, the cells of the early embryo up to the stage just after implantation, primordial germ cells, and the stem cells of germ cell tumours (Figure 1).
Dynamic reflection interference contrast (RIC-) microscopy : a new method to study surface excitations of cells and to measure membrane bending elastic moduli (1987)

A new method, the dynamic reflection interference contrast (RIC) microscopy is presented by which thermally excitated surface undulations of erythrocyte plasma membranes — the cell flickering — can be evaluated to an amplitude resolution of ≤ 50 nm and a wavelength resolution of 0.5 μm. The Newtonian interference pattern formed by the interference of light reflected from the cell surface and from the cover glass (to which the cells are slightly fixed) is analysed by a home made fast image processing system. Two evaluation procedures are proposed : firstly the direct reconstruction of the momentaneous surface profile by retransformation of the RIC interference pattern and secondly the Fourier analysis of the interference pattern. In the first case the excitation relief is obtained by subtraction of two momentaneous surface profiles and it is best suited in the long wavelength regime. In the second case the spatial frequency spectrum of the flickering is determined by Fourier transformation of the RIC interference pattern. This technique is reliable in the short wavelength regime and is used here to determine the bending elastic modulus, Kc, in a wave length domain between 0.5 and 1 μm. This simultaneous determination of many Kc-values greatly enhances the accuracy of the measurement. This procedure is also suited to test whether the flickering obeys the equipartition law. The elastic constants of normal discocytes, of cup-shaped stomatocytes and of echinocytes are compared. The values of the first two classes are about equal : Kc = 3.4 ± 0.8 x 10-20 Nm and agree well with values reported previously [1]. The last cell shape exhibits a substantial higher stiffness Kc = 13 ± 2 × 10-20Nm. An outstanding advantage of the dynamic RIC-microscopy is that it allows to measure absolute values of the displacement of the membrane facing the coverslide whereas the conventional flicker spectroscopy [1, 8] can only detect fluctuations of the cell thickness. A second advantage is that it can also be applied to erythrocyte ghosts or to other transparent cells.
Crystal structure analysis of linear polysaccharides (1987)

Carbohydrates molecules are ubiquitous in Nature, where they play a crucial rôle in promoting structure, texture or establishing storage; furthermore, their implications in biological recognition is now established. Such a spectrum of functions for carbohydrates arises from their ability to generate a large number of highly specific structures from only a small number of monomeric residues. To understand the molecular basis of such native arrangements, the elucidation at the atomic level of the 3-dimensional structures has to be performed. Fiber diffraction provides a method for the structure determination of crystalline polymers. However, despite the efforts of the fiber-diffraction community, it has not always been possible to mimic classical crystallographic studies so as to reach credible solutions using non controversial methods of elucidation. The present communication illustrates hows the use of electron diffraction data coupled with realistic molecular modelling can yield unambiguous structural elucidations.
BDNF or IGF-I potentiates free radical-mediated injury in cortical cell cultures. (1995)

Free radical-mediated damage to cultured cortical neurons was induced by a 24 h exposure to Fe2+ (30 microM) or an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, 1 mM). As expected, neuronal death was blocked by inclusion of the free radical scavenger trolox during the Fe2+ or BSO exposure. However, unexpectedly, pretreatment of the cultures with BDNF or IGF-I markedly potentiated neuronal death. This growth factor-potentiated death was still blocked by trolox, but was insensitive to glutamate antagonists. Concurrent addition of cycloheximide with the growth factors prevented injury potentiation. Present findings suggest that growth factors may increase free radical-induced neuronal death by mechanisms dependent upon protein synthesis.
Continuous Real-Time Measurement of Drilling Trajectory With New State-Space Models of Kalman Filter (2015)

Rotary-steerable drilling provides unique features such as an extended reach and accurate well trajectory control. These characteristics can notably increase drilling efficiency and safety. One of the main technical difficulties of rotary-steerable drilling is dynamically measuring the spatial attitude at the bottom of the rotating drillstring as the drillstring rotates. We developed a strap-down measurement system, with a triaxial accelerometer and triaxial magnetometers installed near the bit. The inclination and azimuth can be measured in real time even as the drillstring rotates. Although the magnetic system is the norm, we can use this system to achieve continuous measurement while drilling; to achieve this, a novel state-space model is proposed here and the Kalman filter is used to estimate the states. Simulation and experiments show that a continuous-survey system with a Kalman filter approach can improve measurement precision and reduce errors produced by drillstring vibration.
Preparation Of Porous Carbon Particles Using A Spray-Drying Method With Colloidal Template (2012)

spherical porous carbon particles with controllable porosity with a mean size of 2.5m have been prepared using a spray drying method with organic particle colloidal template. As a precursor, a mixing solution of carbon nanopowder and polystyrene (PS) particles as a template was used. The result showed that the particles with a good porous structure could be obtained. The pore size and shape (spherical) were identical to the initial template, giving a potential way for further developments. The control of particle porosity was also possible and reported in this paper, in which this control could be achieved by means of PS concentration.
Recent Advances in Glycerol Polymers: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications (2014)

Glycerol polymers are attracting increased attention due to the diversity of polymer compositions and architectures available. This article provides a brief chronological review on the current status of these polymers along with representative examples of their use for biomedical applications. First, the underlying chemistry of glycerol that provides access to a range of monomers for subsequent polymerizations is described. Then, the various synthetic methodologies to prepare glycerol-based polymers including polyethers, polycarbonates, polyesters, and so forth are reviewed. Next, several biomedical applications where glycerol polymers are being investigated including carriers for drug delivery, sealants or coatings for tissue repair, and agents possessing antibacterial activity are described. Fourth, the growing market opportunity for the use of polymers in medicine is described. Finally, the findings are concluded and summarized, as well as the potential opportunities for continued research efforts are discussed.
The Use of Cetavlon in a Diluent for Counting Leukocytes in the Coulter Electronic Counter: A Comparison with some Currently used Diluents (1961)

The Use of Cetavlon in a Diluent for Counting Leukocytes in the Coulter Electronic Counter: A Comparison with some Currently used Diluents Get access Anita Hatch, B.Sc, Anita Hatch, B.Sc Food and Drug Laboratories, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tibor Balazs, M.Ph., MED. VET. Tibor Balazs, M.Ph., MED. VET. Food and Drug Laboratories, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 36, Issue 3, 1 September 1961, Pages 220–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/36.3.220 Published: 01 September 1961 Article history Received: 09 January 1961 Revision received: 06 April 1961 Accepted: 02 May 1961 Published: 01 September 1961
Mast Cell profile in Skin lesions (2016)

Mast cells are bone marrow derived specialized secretory cells distributed in connective tissues throughout the body, particularly in association with blood vessels and nerves. Increased proportions of mast cells are present in the skin, respiratory tract, uterus and urinary bladder. Mast cells occur in normal dermis in small numbers as oval to spindle shaped cells with centrally located granules in the cytoplasm that do not stain with H&E stain. They are identifiable when stained with Toluidine blue, Cresyl violet, Azure A and Methylene blue due to the presence of metachromatic granules in their cytoplasm. Mast cells play a vital role in various inflammatory and immunologic reactions often joining the humoral and cell mediated phases of process. Degranulation of mast cells occur within minutes of exposure to stimuli and usually entire granules are extruded and release their preformed and stored mediators like Histamine, Heparin, Serine Protease and certain cytokines, which may contribute to allergic inflammation and chronic inflammation.