gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do We Need National Libraries, and if So What Sort?: An Assessment in the Light of and Analysis of National Library and Information Needs (1990)

It should not be assumed that every country needs a national library or that existing national libraries should be developed along certain established lines. Rather, an analysis should first be made of library and information needs that should be met at national level, and of alternative ways of meeting them, both singly and in combination. The variety of alternatives is considerable; only some of them involve national libraries, while others involve other libraries and bodies, including commercial organizations. The choice is affected by various factors, notably the size and stage of development of a country, and should be guided by several principles, but the deciding criterion should be relative cost-effectiveness. No single function absolutely demands a national library, though in many cases it will constitute the best solution.
Aurora kinase inhibitors in preclinical and clinical testing (2009)

Pubmed, Scifinder and (www.clinicaltrials.gov) databases were used to search the literature for aurora kinase. CONCLUSION/RESULTS: Approximately 13 aurora kinase inhibitors are under Phase I/II evaluation at present for various cancers of different origins; and several others are in preclinical testing. Details of their preclinical/clinical results and important considerations for future aurora kinase inhibitor development are discussed. Considering the fact that aurora kinase plays an important role in the mitosis process and is involved in tumorigenesis, development of aurora kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, either as a single agent or in combination with existing cancer treatment is warranted.
Antibody-detectable changes in fibrinogen adsorption affecting platelet activation on polymer surfaces (1991)

Reactivity of platelets with an artificial surface exposed to whole blood is correlated with the concentration of adsorbed fibrinogen detectable by antifibrinogen antibodies. To examine the effect on platelets of the organization (distribution, orientation, conformation) of fibrinogen adsorbed on a hydrophobic surface, we studied the binding of polyclonal and monoclonal antifibrinogen antibodies to polyalkyl methacrylate polymers previously exposed to purified fibrinogen solution or diluted plasma and compared the results with platelet retention in methacrylate bead columns. There was an increase in platelet retention following diluted plasma pretreatment, which was eliminated by a polyclonal antibody against fibrinogen or against a gamma-(395-411) peptide from fibrinogen and was reduced by monoclonal antibodies (4A5, 4-2) against other COOH-terminal gamma-chain epitopes. Monoclonal antibody 10E5 against the fibrinogen receptor GpIIb/IIIa totally inhibited platelet retention in the bead columns. Our data suggest that different methacrylate polymers induce different changes in adsorbed fibrinogen, which may interfere with its interaction with platelets, and that platelet retention in a methacrylate bead column involves interaction of the COOH-terminal end of the gamma-chain of adsorbed fibrinogen with platelet GpIIb/IIIa receptors.
Magnetoresistive power sensor for measurement in situ of RF power absorbed by tissue (2000)

A new magnetoresistive sensor for use in medical RF heating and hyperthermia is presented. This sensor has dc output proportional to RF power absorbed in tissue. The operating principle of the sensor consists of multiplication of the instantaneous value of the RF current and voltage in a microstrip transmission line using a magnetoresistive element. At an operating frequency of 915 MHz in a 20% bandwidth, it has a sensitivity of 22 /spl mu/V/W, insertion losses less than 0.1 dB and nonlinearity less than 3% up to 300 W. The uncertainty caused by the reflected waves with arbitrary phase is less than 3.5% up to the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) equals 3.
Design and fabrication of micromechanical logic elements (2002)

The development of a complete micromechanical digital logic family fabricated for use in low speed applications requiring radiation immunity is presented. The micromachined devices operate by electronic linear actuation of a slider element restricted to a one-dimensional track. A novel feature of the device is the use of a sliding electrical contact. The basic structure of the device is fabricated using three LPCVD polysilicon and two sacrificial oxide deposition steps. The micromechanical logic element demonstrates robust electrical characteristics and has an operating threshold of apparently 15 volts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palladium-Catalyzed Vinylation of Aminals with Simple Alkenes: A New Strategy To Construct Allylamines (2012)

A novel, highly selective palladium-catalyzed vinylation reaction for the direct synthesis of allylic amines from styrenes and aminals has been established. The utility of this method was also demonstrated by the rapid synthesis of cinnarizine from aldehydes, amines, and simple alkenes in one-pot manner. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeds through a valuable cyclometalated Pd(II) complex generated by the oxidative addition of aminal to a Pd(0) species.
P(<i>i</i>-BuNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N:  An Effective Ligand in the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides and Iodides (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionP(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N: An Effective Ligand in the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides and IodidesSameer Urgaonkar, M. Nagarajan, and John G. VerkadeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 26, 9323Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2004Publication History Published online18 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0481654https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0481654correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views432Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (28 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Hydrogen Monitor for Detection of Leaks in LMFBR Steam Generators (1971)

A monitoring system has been developed for detecting leaks in LMFBR steam generators by the detection of the hydrogen produced in the sodium-water reaction. The principal capabilities of this detection system are rapid response, high sensitivity, and high stability and reliability. The monitoring system is based on the detection of a change in hydrogen concentration in sodium by measurement of the change in the rate of hydrogen diffusion through a nickel membrane immersed in the sodium. A vacuum is drawn on the membrane by an ion pump, and the partial pressure of hydrogen on the vacuum side, a measure of the hydrogen flux and the hydrogen activity in the sodium, is determined by the measurement of the current to the ion pump.The response time of the monitor depends chiefly on the hydrogen-diffusion properties of the nickel membrane. Transient-diffusion calculations indicate that 10 sec after a sudden change in the hydrogen concentration in the sodium, the change in the hydrogen flux from the membrane would be 70% of the eventual total change in flux for a 10-mil-thick nickel membrane at 500°C. With a stable high-voltage power supply, the noise on the recorded ion pump signal was <0.2% of the signal output for a hydrogen concentration in sodium of 0.1 to 1.0 ppm. This level of sensitivity and stability are adequate to detect a water leak from the steam generator into the LMFBR secondary sodium of 10−4 lb/sec at a sodium flow of 107 Ib/h in <1 min, if the hydrogen concentration in the secondary sodium is ∼0.1 ppm.
Evading the immune response upon in vivo gene therapy with viral vectors. (2009)

Gene therapy has the potential to provide minimally invasive and long-term treatment for many inherited disorders that otherwise have poor prognoses and limited treatment options. The sustained therapeutic correction of genetic disease by viral gene transfer has been accomplished in patients with severe immune deficiencies, or by the transduction of an immune privileged site for the treatment of ocular disease. For other diseases and target tissues, immune responses to vectors or transgene products often present major obstacles for therapy. Innate and adaptive immunity, sometimes including pre-existing or memory responses, may contribute by varying degrees to immune-mediated rejection and immunotoxicity. This review provides an overview of the immune responses to in vivo gene transfer with the most commonly used viral gene therapy vectors, and discusses strategies and protocols employed in evading the immune system in order to provide optimal gene therapy.
Locating salient facial features using image invariants (2002)

We present a method, based on the idea of salient points, for locating corresponding features between two different faces independently of scale, orientation and position. Salient points are those which have a low probability of being mistaken with other points in the face, and therefore are more likely to be correctly located in a second face. The local image structure at each image point is described by vectors of Cartesian differential invariants computed at a range of scales. Salient points lie in low density regions of the distribution of all vectors of invariants found in an image. The vectors of invariants of salient points are used to locate similar features in a second image. Results are presented, showing that salient facial features can be relocated more reliably than arbitrary facial features.
Effect of temperature cycling on joint strength of PbSn and AuSn solders in laser packages (2001)

The effect of temperature cycle testing on the joint strength of PbSn and AuSn solders in laser diode packages has been studied experimentally and numerically. Experimental results showed that the joint strength increased as the temperature cycle number increased initially, and then became steady after 400 cycles. The joint strengths of PbSn and AuSn solders increased about 40% to 20% after undergoing 500 temperature cycles, respectively. A finite-element method (FEM) analysis was performed on the calculation of joint strength variation of PbSn and AuSn solders in temperature cycling tests. The coupled thermal-elasticity-plasticity model was employed in the solidification and residual stresses calculation. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental measurements that the solder joint strength increased as the temperature cycle increased. Numerical results indicate that the increasing solder joint strength comes from the redistribution of the residual stresses within the solder during temperature cycling tests. The local yielding and the creep effects on the low melting temperature solders will make uniform the residual stresses distribution introduced in the solidification process and increasing the solder joint strength as the temperature cycle number increased. The result suggests that the FEM is an effective method for analyzing and predicting the solder joint strength in laser diode packages.
Use of Xylitol To Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Polymethylmethacrylate-Based Antibiotic Therapy in Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis (2012)

Using a rabbit model of postsurgical osteomyelitis, we demonstrate that incorporation of xylitol into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement enhances the elution of daptomycin under in vivo conditions. We also demonstrate that this can be correlated with an improved therapeutic outcome in the treatment of a chronic bone infection following surgical debridement.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Racemic Cyclic Substrates: Application of Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DYKAT) (2010)

Abstract The copper‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) is of great interest in organic synthesis. This reaction was extensively studied using a broad range of substrates, ligands and organometallic reagents. However, the use of racemic substrates was still limited. Although some processes of kinetic resolution are reported in the literature, no examples of quantitative deracemization are described as is the case for the Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylation. We present here a full account of our investigations through the development of the first example of such a process in copper‐catalyzed AAA. High enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee ), scope of the reaction and mechanistic considerations are reported herein.
Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2016)

We sought to determine whether high-dose folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language impairment in a double-blind placebo control setting. Forty-eight children (mean age 7 years 4 months; 82% male) with ASD and language impairment were randomized to receive 12 weeks of high-dose folinic acid (2 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per day, maximum 50 mg per day; n=23) or placebo (n=25). Children were subtyped by glutathione and folate receptor-α autoantibody (FRAA) status. Improvement in verbal communication, as measured by a ability-appropriate standardized instrument, was significantly greater in participants receiving folinic acid as compared with those receiving placebo, resulting in an effect of 5.7 (1.0,10.4) standardized points with a medium-to-large effect size (Cohen's d=0.70). FRAA status was predictive of response to treatment. For FRAA-positive participants, improvement in verbal communication was significantly greater in those receiving folinic acid as compared with those receiving placebo, resulting in an effect of 7.3 (1.4,13.2) standardized points with a large effect size (Cohen's d=0.91), indicating that folinic acid treatment may be more efficacious in children with ASD who are FRAA positive. Improvements in subscales of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Autism Symptom Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children were significantly greater in the folinic acid group as compared with the placebo group. There was no significant difference in adverse effects between treatment groups. Thus, in this small trial of children with non-syndromic ASD and language impairment, treatment with high-dose folinic acid for 12 weeks resulted in improvement in verbal communication as compared with placebo, particularly in those participants who were positive for FRAAs.
Distinct plasmid profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes and the characterization and amplification in Escherichia coli of ampicillin-resistance plasmids encoding ROB-1  -lactamase (1992)

Thirty-five isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica from cattle or sheep were screened for the presence of plasmids and for resistance to a range of antibiotics. Eight strains (four of serotype A1, three of serotype A2 and one untypable) contained plasmid DNA and isolates of the same serotype had similar plasmid profiles, which were different from those of the other serotypes. All but one of the plasmid-bearing strains were isolated from pneumonic animals or from animals in contact with pneumonic cattle or sheep. In A2 and untypable strains, there was no obvious correlation between antibiotic resistance and the presence of a specific plasmid. In contrast, all plasmid-bearing A1 strains exhibited ampicillin resistance (ApR), which was shown by transfer studies to be plasmid-mediated. Plasmid DNA prepared from E. coli transformants was not routinely detected on ethidium-bromide-stained agarose gels, but could be amplified to detectable levels by treatment of cultures with chloramphenicol (Cm) or by modifying the growth conditions. The ApR plasmids from P. haemolytica were identical by restriction enzyme analysis. Restriction analysis and hybridization data indicated that these plasmids were closely related to the prototype ROB-1 beta-lactamase-encoding plasmid, originally isolated from Haemophilus influenzae. From substrate profiles and isoelectric focusing data, the beta-lactamases encoded by the P. haemolytica plasmids were indistinguishable from the ROB-1 beta-lactamase.
Effective Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted 2,1-Benzisothiazol-3(1<i>H</i>)-ones (2011)

A convenient and effective synthesis of novel 1,5-disubstituted 2,1-benzisothiazol-3(1H)-one derivatives is described. The approach involves nitration of inexpensive isatoic anhydride followed by its conversion to 5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazol-3(1H)-ones in excellent yield and alkylation at the 1-position. The 5-amino group was further derivatized.
Partial MIMO-based 10-Mode-Multiplexed Transmission over 81km Weakly-coupled Few-mode Fiber (2017)

A 10-mode-multiplexed 10-Gbaud DP-QPSK WDM signals transmission over 81 km weakly-coupled few-mode fiber has been successfully demonstrated using 2×2 or 4×4 partial MIMO equalizer with reduced receiver DSP complexity.
Modeling <i>TGF</i>-β signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (2012)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) consists in a morphological change in epithelial cells characterized by the loss of the cell adhesion and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype. This process plays a crucial role in the embryonic development and in regulating the tissue homeostasis in the adult, but it proves also fundamental for the development of cancer metastasis. Experimental evidences have shown that the EMT depends on the TGF-β signaling pathway, which in turn regulates the transcriptional cellular activity. In this work, a dynamical model of the TGF-β pathway is proposed and calibrated versus existing experimental data on lung cancer A549 cells. The analysis combines Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and standard Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) techniques to interpolate the gene expression data via an iterative adjustments of the parameters involved. The kinetic of the Smad proteins phosphorylation, as predicted within the model is found in excellent agreement with available experiments, an observation that confirms the adequacy of the proposed mathematical picture.
Bandwidth and Q of antennas radiating TE and TM modes (1995)

The time-domain Poynting theorem is used to develop a general expression for the complex Poynting vector applicable to any single-frequency electromagnetic radiation field. It is found that the traditional complex Poynting vector applies to TE or TM fields, which we call simple fields, but that it does not apply to TE and TM fields, which we call compound fields. Either TE or TM fields are generated by most antennas. We show that previously imposed theoretical minimum size-to-wavelength ratios for useful antenna operation apply to simple fields but not always to compound ones. We conclude that electrically small, efficient compound antennas may be possible. As an example, the general form of the Poynting vector is used to analyze a compound source consisting of four antenna elements; idealized, superimposed, properly phased and oriented, coherent, electric and magnetic, dipole and quadrupole radiators. When properly driven, the antenna supports zero reactance on a circumscribing virtual surface of radius a, even in the limit as the radius-to-wavelength ratio of that surface goes to zero. The directivity pattern has a fixed 9 dB gain; the radiative Q of the surface is less and the bandwidth more by a factor of (ka)/sup 2/, where k is the wave number, than for similarly sized radiators of simple fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoluminescent 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Derivatives (2003)

We report the synthesis of novel 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivatives and the investigation of their photoluminescent properties. Lithiation of EDOT followed by the conversion to the 2-substituted zinc chloride or Grignard derivatives (useful for subsequent coupling reactions using organopalladium and organonickel chemistry) led to the formation of 2,5-bis[(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl]-thiazole (1), 2,5-bis[(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl]-3-alkylthiophene (2, 3), and 2,5-bis[(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl]-toluene (4). The lithiated EDOT provided a route for the formylated species followed by a Knoevenagel condensation which led to the cyanovinylene derivatives 1,4-bis[1-cyano-2-{(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl}vinyl]benzene (5), 1,4-bis[1-cyano-2-{(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl}vinyl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (6). The lithated EDOT also provided a convenient method for preparation of 2,5-bis[(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole (12) by the hydrazide method. These materials exhibit blue to red emission characteristics with quantum yields ranging from 3.2 to 9.0%. Cyclic voltammetry shows oxidation potentials ranging from 422 to 617 mV. The prepared monomers may be used as optical building blocks in other unique polymer systems.
Investigation of The Recreational Planning of The Başpınar Natural Park (2020)

Isparta İli Aksu İlçesine bağlı Başpınar Tabiat Parkı, yöre halkı tarafından iyi bilinen ve mesire alanı olarak kullanılan bir alan olup 2011 yılında Tabiat Parkı olarak ilan edilmiştir. BTP sahip olduğu kaynak değerleri ile yörenin doğa turizminin ve alternatif turizminin geliştirilmesinde önemli rol oynayabileceği gibi yöre ekonomisine de önemli katkılar sağlayabilecek bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmada BTP’nın mevcut rekreasyon kaynak değerlerinin ve potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, alana yönelik ziyaretçi talep ve tercihlerinin belirlenmesi ve alanın rekreasyonel planlama konseptinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 400 kişi ile anket çalışması yürütülmüş SPSS Statistics 25 programı kullanılarak veriler % olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların değerlendirilmesi sonucu BTP rekreasyonel tesis ve etkinliklerinin yetersizliği, yönetim organizasyonu eksikliği, alan tanıtım yetersizliği, güvenlik, ulaşım vb. konularında eksiklikler belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta BTP koruma kullanma dengesi gözetilerek rekreasyonel planlama ilkeleri ve öneriler getirilmiştir.
Language recognition via i-vectors and dimensionality reduction (2011)

In this paper, a new language identification system is presented based on the total variability approach previously developed in the field of speaker identification. Various techniques are em-ployed to extract the most salient features in the lower dimen-sional i-vector space and the system developed results in excel-lent performance on the 2009 LRE evaluation set without the need for any post-processing or backend techniques. Additional performance gains are observed when the system is combined with other acoustic systems.