gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DFT Study on the Mechanism of Amides to Aldehydes Using Cp<sub>2</sub>Zr(H)Cl (2009)

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) (LANL2DZ for Zr) level of theory were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism for the reduction of amides to aldehydes using Cp2Zr(H)Cl as a reducer. In particular, a detailed study was done that involved a proposed iminium cation species in the reaction mechanism. Our calculations suggest the first step of the reaction is the insertion of the C═O moiety into Zr−H through an “inside” mode of action that leads to the formation of a Zr−O intermediate that has been observed in previously reported experiments. Under anhydrous conditions, the cleavage of the O−C bond of the Zr−O intermediate results in the formation of an iminium cation, but this process is both kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable. Nevertheless, under hydrous conditions, the cleavage of the O−C bond of the Zr−O intermediate leads to the formation of a highly active iminium cation intermediate, and this process occurs with the assistance of water hydrogen bonding. This step is also the rate-determining step, and the activation energy was determined to be 19.8 kcal/mol. Subsequently a water molecule attacks the iminium cation to produce an amine intermediate. Finally, the water-catalyzed elimination reaction occurs to yield the aldehyde product. Water hydrogen bonding plays an important role in assisting the cleavage of the O−C and the C−N bonds during the reaction. The above reaction mechanism indicates that the sources of the aldehyde-group oxygen and the hydrogen in the aldehyde product are H2O and Cp2Zr(H)Cl, respectively, which is consistent with the experimental observations of Georg and co-workers.
Disassembly of Noncovalent Amphiphilic Polymers with Proteins and Utility in Pattern Sensing (2008)

A simple strategy for pattern recognition of proteins through micellar disassembly is introduced. Five different noncovalently assembled receptors have been generated, and the disassembly was studied by monitoring the encapsulated dye release in response to five different proteins. The disassembly induced fluorescence change of the guest molecule produces protein-specific patterns.
Mixing patterns in networks (2003)

We study assortative mixing in networks, the tendency for vertices in networks to be connected to other vertices that are like (or unlike) them in some way. We consider mixing according to discrete characteristics such as language or race in social networks and scalar characteristics such as age. As a special example of the latter we consider mixing according to vertex degree, i.e., according to the number of connections vertices have to other vertices: do gregarious people tend to associate with other gregarious people? We propose a number of measures of assortative mixing appropriate to the various mixing types, and apply them to a variety of real-world networks, showing that assortative mixing is a pervasive phenomenon found in many networks. We also propose several models of assortatively mixed networks, both analytic ones based on generating function methods, and numerical ones based on Monte Carlo graph generation techniques. We use these models to probe the properties of networks as their level of assortativity is varied. In the particular case of mixing by degree, we find strong variation with assortativity in the connectivity of the network and in the resilience of the network to the removal of vertices.
The infusion rate dependent influence of acute metabolic acidosis on pulmonary vascular resistance in broilers (1998)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the pulmonary vascular responses of lightly anesthetized clinically healthy male broilers during acute metabolic acidosis induced by bolus i.v. injections or constant i.v. infusions of HCl. In Experiment 1, broilers received consecutive 1.5 mL i.v. bolus injections of 2.5% mannitol (volume control) and 0.4 N, 0.8 N, and 1.2 N HCl in 2.5% mannitol. Following each injection, equivalent concentrations of mannitol or HCl were infused i.v. at a rate of 0.05 mL/min.kg BW. In Experiment 2, repeated bolus injections of 2.5% mannitol and 1.2 N HCl were administered during ongoing constant infusion of 2.5% mannitol. The following variables were evaluated: pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, respiratory rate, hematocrit (HCT), and arterial blood gas (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, HCO3-). Mannitol alone did not alter any of the variables. The HCl loading protocols acidified the arterial blood to sustained (constant infusion) or transient (bolus injection) values averaging between pH 7.2 and 7.3. In both experiments, bolus injections of 1.2 N HCl caused transient increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, coincident with decreases in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. When HCl was infused at a constant rate in Experiment 1, the arterial blood hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], was positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output, negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance, and was not correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance. During constant i.v. infusion of mannitol or HCl in both experiments, pulmonary arterial pressure was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac output. Overall, bolus injections of 1.2 N HCl consistently triggered transient pulmonary vasoconstriction (increased pulmonary vascular resistance), leading to a transient increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in spite of opposing changes in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. In contrast, equivalent or greater increases in [H+] during constant i.v. infusion of HCl caused a substantially lower increment in pulmonary arterial pressure, which, in, turn was primarily attributable to increases in cardiac output rather than pulmonary vascular resistance. Increments in either pulmonary vascular resistance or cardiac output induced by metabolic acidosis would be expected to contribute to the onset of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS, ascites) in broilers.
SEVERE CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE—ASSOCIATED DISEASE IN CHILDREN (2008)

Three cases of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in children were detected within a short time interval. Intensive therapy was required in 2 cases with colectomy in one of them. One of the severe cases was community-acquired. Two patients had underlying diseases (Hirschprung disease, Down syndrome) and also tested positive for enteric viruses (rotavirus, calicivirus).
Digital CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 (2020)

The unprecedented demand for rapid diagnostics in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the spotlight onto clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems (Cas)-assisted nucleic acid detection assays. Already benefitting from an elegant detection mechanism, fast assay time, and low reaction temperature, these assays can be further advanced via integration with powerful, digital-based detection. Thus motivated, the first digital CRISPR/Cas-assisted assay-coined digitization-enhanced CRISPR/Cas-assisted one-pot virus detection (deCOViD)-is developed and applied toward SARS-CoV-2 detection. deCOViD is realized through tuning and discretizing a one-step, fluorescence-based, CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay into sub-nanoliter reaction wells within commercially available microfluidic digital chips. The uniformly elevated digital concentrations enable deCOViD to achieve qualitative detection in <15 min and quantitative detection in 30 min with high signal-to-background ratio, broad dynamic range, and high sensitivity-down to 1 genome equivalent (GE) µL<sup>-1</sup> of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 20 GE µL<sup>-1</sup> of heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, which outstrips its benchtop-based counterpart and represents one of the fastest and most sensitive CRISPR/Cas-assisted SARS-CoV-2 detection to date. Moreover, deCOViD can detect RNA extracts from clinical samples. Taken together, deCOViD opens a new avenue for advancing CRISPR/Cas-assisted assays and combating the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Intracavitary ultrasound phased arrays for prostate thermal therapies: MRI compatibility and<i>in vivo</i>testing (1998)

A 62 element MRI-compatible linear phased array was designed and constructed to investigate the feasibility of using transrectal ultrasound for the thermal therapeutic treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. An aperiodic design technique developed in a previous study was used in the design of this array, which resulted in reduced grating lobe levels by using an optimized random distribution of unequally sized elements. The element sizes used in this array were selected to be favorable for both grating lobe levels as determined by array aperiodicity and array efficiency as determined by width to thickness ratios. The heating capabilities and MRI compatibility of the array were tested with in vivo rabbit thigh muscle heating experiments using MRI temperature monitoring. The array produced therapeutic temperature elevations in vivo at depths of 3-6 cm and axial locations up to 3 cm off the central axis and increased the size of the heated volume with electronic scanning of a single focus. The ability of this array to be used for ultrasound surgery was demonstrated by creating necrosed tissue lesions in vivo using short high-power sonications. The ability of the array to be used for hyperthermia was demonstrated by inducing therapeutic temperature elevations for longer exposures. Based on the acoustic and heating performance of this array, it has the potential to be clinically useful for delivering thermal therapies to the prostate and other target volumes close to body cavities.
Study for Automatically Analysing Non-repudiation (2005)

Abstract. While security issues such as secrecy and authentication have been studied intensively, most interest in non-repudiation protocols has only come in recent years. Nonrepudiation services must ensure that when two parties exchange informations over a network, neither one nor the other can deny having participated in this communication. Consequently a non-repudiation protocol has to generate evidences of participation to be used in the case of a dispute. In this paper, we present a description of non-repudiation services, and illustrate them on the Fair Zhou-Gollmann protocol. Then we show how to define non-repudiation properties with the AVISPA tool and explain how they can be automatically verified. 1
Invited Review: Active fluid clearance from the distal air spaces of the lung (2002)

Active ion transport drives iso-osmolar alveolar fluid clearance, a hypothesis originally suggested by in vivo studies in sheep 20 yr ago. Over the last two decades, remarkable progress has been made in establishing a critical role for active sodium transport as a primary mechanism that drives fluid clearance from the distal air spaces of the lung. The rate of fluid transport can be increased in most species, including the human lung, by cAMP stimulation. Catecholamine-independent mechanisms, including hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, can also upregulate epithelial fluid clearance in the lung. The new insights into the role of the distal lung epithelium in actively regulating lung fluid balance has important implications for the resolution of clinical pulmonary edema.
A Mobile App for Location Based Customer Notifications About Sales Offers (2019)

Nowadays merchants' focus on sending specifics about their sales offers to prospective customers through electronic means. But customers are neutral about those messages if they are away from those shops. Therefore, the authors decided to implement a mobile application to send location-based sales offer notifications to customers in order to overcome this problem, with some additional features. The main features in the proposed system are to filter out sales offer details from social media, send location-based notifications containing details of offers to customers, provide personalized search predictions during search, and provide recommendations to merchants to improve their business. Modern technologies like Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are used to build the solution for this problem. The main advantage of the proposed system is that customers are attracted more towards the sales offers since they receive them when they are close by to the relevant shop. Also, merchants can reach targeted customers resulting in a more effective marketing campaign. The survey conducted proved that both customers and merchants are highly satisfied with the effectiveness of the product.
Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Evidence-linked consensus statements with regard to the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid deficiency in critically ill patients have been developed by a multidisciplinary, multispecialty task force.
Sleep-Dependent Memory Processing (2008)

While the functions of sleep remain largely unknown, one exciting hypothesis is that sleep contributes importantly to processes of memory and brain plasticity. Over the last decade, a large body of work has provided substantive evidence supporting this role of sleep in what is becoming known as sleep-dependent memory processing. This review offers a summary of these data, focusing specifically on the role of sleep in (1) memory encoding, (2) memory consolidation (along with the brain basis of this process), and (3) neural plasticity. The clinical ramifications of such findings are also explored.
Suprachoroidal Delivery of Viral and Nonviral Gene Therapy for Retinal Diseases (2020)

Retinal gene therapy is a rapidly growing field with numerous clinical trials underway, and route of delivery is a critical contributor to its success. Subretinal administration, which involves pars plana vitrectomy in the operating room, offers targeted delivery to retinal-pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors. Due to the immune-privileged nature of the subretinal space, the risk of an immune reaction against viral capsid antigens is minimized, an advantage of subretinal administration in patients with preexisting neutralizing antibodies. Intravitreal administration, with fewer procedure-related complications, is challenged by potential immune response and incomplete vector penetration through the internal limiting membrane. However, novel vectors, optimized by "directed evolution" may address these issues. Nonsurgical in-office suprachoroidal gene delivery offers the potential for greater surface-area coverage of the posterior segment compared to focal subretinal injection, and is not hindered by the internal limiting membrane. However, the vector must pass through multiple layers to reach the targeted retinal layers, and there is a risk of immune response. This review highlights recent developments, challenges, and future opportunities associated with viral and nonviral suprachoroidal gene delivery for the treatment of chorioretinal diseases. While ocular tolerability and short-term effectiveness of suprachoroidal gene delivery have been demonstrated in preclinical models, durability of gene expression, long-term safety, potential systemic exposure, and effective delivery to the macula require further exploration. Although the safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal gene delivery are yet to be proven in clinical trials, further optimization could facilitate nonsurgical in-office suprachoroidal gene therapy.
Attenuation of airplane wake vortices by excitation of far-field instability (1993)

This paper presents the results ol' a computat ional ( 1 ) W r=pl.'h' studv of the inicction of di icrctc vorticcs at a wakcgenerat ing wing and their cffccr o n the d c v c l o p r n c n ~ It is c lear f rom this cquntion th:u t;kc-ol'f and and dynamics of the wing 's u a k c . The study was landing rcprcscnt those port ions of the Slight p r o l ~ l c motivated by thc rcsulcs 01' 311 cxpcrimcntal study by that lead to thc s t r-ongcs~ t r ~ ~ i l i n g vorticcs. From a Ila/,~rd Rossow showing that injection of vort iccs a1 point of vicw. thc air-s;~I'cty problc~i i is fur11icr approximately the mid acmispan of an airplane wing greatly rcduccd tlic potcnti:~l lia/.ard to an a i rc ra f~ complicated by the I'act that scparatcd flighc patlis a le
Screening of a Bovine Genomic Library for Myosin Heavy-Chain Genes2 (1987)

Restriction enzyme digests of bovine genomic DNA were hybridized against a .37-kilobase (kb) quail embryonic myosin heavy-chain (MHC) copy deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) probe; containing both translated and nontranslated regions surrounding the 3' end of the gene. These experiments revealed seven to eight different bands of hybridization, indicative of multiple genes of MHC in the bovine genome. Additionally, a bovine genomic recombinant DNA library was screened with the .37-kb probe. Of the 10(6) phage screened, 11 clones containing portions of the MHC genome were identified, and four were selected for further analyses. Characterization of these four clones was carried out by constructing partial restriction enzyme maps of the inserts using six restriction enzymes singly or in combination. Orientation of the inserts with respect to the arms of the vector and with respect to direction of transcription was determined by hybridizing the DNA fragments against either the .37-kb Pst 1 fragment of pcC128 or to the .23-kb Pst I fragment of pcC128. The .23-kb fragment is located upstream from the .37-kg fragment and contains only coding sequence. Therefore, the differential hybridization pattern of these two probes provided a means for determining the probable direction of transcription. These data provide evidence for a myosin multigene family in cattle, as well as illustrating that the organization of these genes around the 3' end is unique for each of the genes analyzed.
Daratumumab for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2018)

This mini-review will summarize the present state of development of the CD38 antibody daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
An MPI tool for automatically discovering the switch level topologies of Ethernet clusters (2008)

We present an MPI topology discovery tool for homogeneous Ethernet switched clusters. Unlike existing Ethernet topology discovery methods that rely on simple network management protocol (SNMP) queries to obtain the topology information, our tool infers the topology from end-to- end measurements. The tool works on clusters connected by managed and/or unmanaged Ethernet switches, and does not require any special privilege. We discuss the theoretical foundation of the tool, present the algorithms used, and report our evaluation of the tool.
全球问题与本土理论：超越特殊性和生态例外论，将生态批评付诸行动 (2013)

本论文回顾了生态批评范畴内有关行动主义的文章的具体内容，并揭示了一下三个问题：首先是一个历史学家和当下的批评者所关心的问题，即生态批评理论如何使意识形态批评的形式概念化；其次是我们目前所面临的危机如何成为理查德·凯里奇所说的我们作为生态批评者付诸行动的“当务之急”和“起点”，我们要如何通过一些具体的方法从书面知识转化为实践行为，去实践确实意味着也能够蕴含某些具体的东西（从食物及其网状的内在关系，到性别和环境，到种族、性、阶级及其它——每一种都是生态批评所揭示的考古学，都是关于内在联系的动态的考古学）；第三，曾经作为生态批评特征的对现实主义主张复兴的天真偏好以及对理论的一贯鄙夷，如何对生态批评的行动主义产生巨大的反作用。本论文的主要目标是讨论过去几年内的大量电影和畅销书有关气候变化和环境危机所做的承诺及其如何并且为何被背叛、被掩盖，讨论我们能为此做些什么，如何吹散这雾霾。
Third Order Optical Nonlinearity of Dye Doped Polymer (2015)

The conventional liquid dye solution are replaced by solid-state dye-doped polymer. In this paper the spectral characteristics and the nonlinear optical properties of the dye Congo red in polymethylmethacrylate is studied. The spectral characteristics are studied by recording steady state absorption and fluorescence spectra. Thermally induced nonlinearity of congo red dye in n-butyl Acetate is studied using cw He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm as source of excitation, both in solution and solid film. The property of dye in solid matrix is compared with that in liquid medium. The optical response is characterized by measuring the intensity dependent refractive index (n2) of the medium, using z- scan technique. The origin of optical nonlinearity in this dye may be attributed due to laser-heating induced nonlinear effect. The dye exhibited negative (defocusing) nonlinearity and it can be a promising material for optical limiting applications. OCIS Codes:230.0230, 300.0300, 140.0140.
Gas transport in poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (1989)

Abstract The gas transport parameters of 14 gases in poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] were determined at temperatures ranging from about 12 to 45°C by the time‐lag method. The phosphazene polymer demonstrated a high diffusivity; rather high crystallinity was expected, though. The permeation data determined were between polydimethylsiloxane and low‐density polyethylene. The most interesting characteristic shown over the course of experimentation is that poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] has significantly high solubility for CO 2 , as compared to other gases. The polar side groups—i.e., the electron‐withdrawing trifluoroethoxy parts—which should contribute specific interaction with CO 2 , were shown to be stronger than their interaction with the polar N 2 O molecule. The sorption behavior is compared with those of other rubbery polymers, while phosphazene polymer characteristics are also discussed.
HgCdTe charge-coupled-devices (1978)

Results are presented on HgCdTe charge-coupled device (CCD) infrared sensor structures under development for timedel ay-and-integrate (TDI) enhancement of signal-to-noise in infrared systems. Charge transfer efficiencies in excess of 0.999 have been obtained for 16-stage shift registers. Infrared response with 48% quantum efficiency and a detectivity in TDI of 2.8xl0 cm-Hz/2/w have been obtained in a 16-stage CCD with 4.3-ym-long wavelength cutoff operating at 77K temperature. Extension to other wavelengths will be discussed.
Self‐Sealed Bionic Long Microchannels with Thin Walls and Designable Nanoholes Prepared by Line‐Contact Capillary‐Force Assembly (2017)

Long microchannels with thin walls, small width, and nanoholes or irregular shaped microgaps, which are similar to capillaries or cancerous vessels, are urgently needed to simulate the physiological activities in human body. However, the fabrication of such channels remains challenging. Here, microchannels with designable holes are manufactured by combining laser printing with line-contact capillary-force assembly. Two microwalls are first printed by femtosecond laser direct-writing, and subsequently driven to collapse into a channel by the capillary force that arises in the evaporation of developer. The channel can remain stable in solvent due to the enhanced Van der Waals' force caused by the line-contact of microwalls. Microchannels with controllable nanoholes and almost arbitrary patterns can be fabricated without any bonding or multistep processes. As-prepared microchannels, with wall thicknesses less than 1 µm, widths less than 3 µm, lengths more than 1 mm, are comparable with human capillaries. In addition, the prepared channels also exhibit the ability to steer the flow of liquid without any external pump.