gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of free-standing GaN substrate on carrier localization in ultraviolet InGaN light-emitting diodes (2014)

In this study, we have grown 380-nm ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) based on InGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures on free-standing GaN (FS-GaN) substrate by atmospheric pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (AP-MOCVD), and investigated the relationship between carrier localization degree and FS-GaN. The micro-Raman shift peak mapping image shows low standard deviation (STD), indicating that the UV-LED epi-wafer of low curvature and MQWs of weak quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) were grown. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analyses demonstrated high-order satellite peaks and clear fringes between them for the UV-LEDs grown on the FS-GaN substrate, from which the interface roughness (IRN) was estimated. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement confirmed that the UV-LEDs grown on the FS-GaN substrate exhibited better carrier confinement. Besides, the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping images verified that the UV-LEDs on FS-GaN have fairly uniform distribution of indium and more ordered InGaN/AlInGaN MQW structure. Clearly, the FS-GaN can not only improve the light output power but also reduce the efficiency droop phenomenon at high injection current. Based on the results mentioned above, the FS-GaN can offer UV-LEDs based on InGaN/AlInGaN MQW structures with benefits, such as high crystal quality and small carrier localization degree, compared with the UV-LEDs on sapphire.
[Cloning and expression of Tachypleus tridentatus factor C]. (2002)

Factor C is an endotoxin-sensitive, intracellular serine protease zymogen which initiates the coagulation cascade system in the horseshoe crab hemolymph. The special lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding activation of FC makes it a potential drug for anti-LPS treatment and has a high commercial value. Based on the sequence of reported FC from Japan horseshoe crab, two pairs of primers were designed. The total RNA was extracted from amebocytes of Chinese Tachypleus tridentatus and the cDNA was separated into two parts and were cloned using RT-PCR, respectively. FCs from different geographical areas showed high homology in sequence. The whole FC cDNA was cloned into pET-28a (+) containing T7 promoter and recombinant expression plasmid pET-FC was constructed. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant FC was expressed as inclusion body when the expression strain was induced with 1 mmol/L IPTG. Refolded recombinant FC was confirmed to be active by bacteriostatic assay in vitro. The results of Western blot also suggested the recombinant FC may be able to cleave itself partly and produced an extra immunoblot band.
GENE AMPLIFICATION AND GENOMIC PLASTICITY IN PROKARYOTES (1997)

Gene amplification is a common feature of the genome of prokaryotic organisms. In this review, we analyze different instances of gene amplification in a variety of prokaryotes, including their mechanisms of generation and biological role. Growing evidence supports the concept that gene amplification be considered not as a mutation but rather as a dynamic genomic state related to the adaptation of bacterial populations to changing environmental conditions or biological interactions. In this context, the potentially amplifiable DNA regions impose a defined dynamic structure on the genome. If such structure has indeed been selected during evolution, it is a particularly challenging hypothesis.
Parechoviruses, a novel group of human picornaviruses (2001)

Parechoviruses are a recently established group of human viral pathogens. At the time of their first isolation, parechoviruses were classified among the enterovirus genus in the picornavirus family, but based on their different biological properties they were separated into their own genus. The type member is human parechovirus 1 (HPEV1), which frequently infects humans, in particular small children. The parechovirus genus also includes HPEV2 and the Ljungan virus, which was recently isolated from rodents, is a candidate for the group. Seroepidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of HPEV1 antibodies is surprisingly high, exceeding 95% in adult populations. According to present data, HPEV1 causes mainly gastrointestinal and respiratory infections; however, severe disease conditions, such as myocarditis and encephalitis, have also been reported. HPEV2 infections appear to be rare, and it is currently not known whether the Ljungan virus can infect humans.
Epidemiology of Sexual Dysfunction in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2015)

The rate of SD in Iran was approximately the same of worldwide except orgasmic disorder which was two times more than the worldwide average.
Eulerian-on-lagrangian simulation (2013)

We describe an Eulerian-on-Lagrangian solid simulator that reduces or eliminates many of the problems experienced by fully Eulerian methods but retains their advantages. Our method does not require the construction of an explicit object discretization and the fixed nature of the simulation mesh avoids tangling during large deformations. By introducing Lagrangian modes to the simulation we enable unbounded simulation domains and reduce the time-step restrictions which can plague Eulerian simulations. Our method features a new solver that can resolve contact between multiple objects while simultaneously distributing motion between the Lagrangian and Eulerian modes in a least-squares fashion. Our method successfully bridges the gap between Lagrangian and Eulerian simulation methodologies without having to abandon either one.
Widespread Deregulation of Phosphorylation-Based Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma Cells: Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention (2011)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of plasma cell origin that is largely confined to the bone marrow (BM). Chromosomal translocations and other genetic events are known to contribute to deregulation of signaling pathways that lead to transformation of plasma cells and progression to malignancy. However, the tumor stroma may also provide trophic support and enhance resistance to therapy. Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine, serine and threonine residues plays a pivotal role in cell growth and survival. Therefore, knowing the status of phosphorylation-based signaling pathways in cells may provide key insights into how cell growth and survival is promoted in tumor cells. To provide a more comprehensive molecular analysis of signaling disruptions in MM, we conducted a kinome profile comparison of normal plasma cells and MM plasma cells as well as their surrounding cells from normal BM and diseased BM. Integrated pathway analysis of the profiles obtained reveals deregulation of multiple signaling pathways in MM cells but also in surrounding bone marrow blood cells compared to their normal counterparts. The deregulated kinase activities identified herein, which include the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/p70S6K and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) pathways, are potential novel molecular targets in this lethal disease.
Collinear heterodyning in optical processors (1969)

The basic principles of several real-time optical processing schemes employing heterodyning are examined. In each case the method by which the correlation function is developed from the ultrasonic light modulator (ULM) is analyzed. It is shown that in some configurations it is possible to derive the heterodyne reference collinearly, thus increasing the mechanical stability and minimizing the effects of optical aberrations. Experimental results obtained with a correlator using a shear-wave ULM and collinear heterodyning confirm its stability and verify the fact that quality performance can be obtained with inexpensive optical components.
Longer NTT's with 2 as a root of unity (2005)

When the specialized hardware is not too severe a constraint, the most promising Number Theoretic Transforms are those with 2 as a root of unity, since they can be performed without multiplication. Unfortunately, for a given wordlength, previously known NTT's with 2 as a root of unity are too short ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{2}^{t} + 1, 2^{2q}-2^{q}+1</tex> ) or too long (3.2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> + 1). It is then important to match the modulus of the transforms to the dynamic range of the convolution to be performed. To this end, we propose : - New NTT's (by the fact, new moduli) allowing longer transforms than those modulo <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{2}^{t} + 1</tex> or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{2q}-2^{q}+1</tex> , these moduli being obtained through evaluations of generalized cyclotomic polymonials. -An "optimal" algorithm, which further enlarges the possible convolution length.
Contribution of the Heavy and Light Chains of Factor Va to the Interaction with Factor Xa (1994)

The interactions of the isolated heavy and light chains of factor Va with factor Xa were evaluated using active-site-modified factor Xa [(carboxytetramethyl)rhodamine-Glu-Gly- Arg-factor Xa (ctr-EGR-Xa)]. The Kd for the factor Va heavy-chain interaction with ctr-EGR-Xa was 60 microM. A series of monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine factor Va were tested for their ability to inhibit thrombin formation in an assay using the fluorescent thrombin inhibitor dansylarginine N,N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide (DAPA). Monoclonal antibody alpha BFV-4, which recognizes the light chain of the cofactor, was found to inhibit the formation of thrombin. Similarly, monoclonal antibody alpha BFV-5, which is directed against the heavy chain of the cofactor, was found to inhibit thrombin formation. In contrast, monoclonal antibody alpha BFV-1, also directed against the heavy chain of the cofactor, did not inhibit thrombin generation by the prothrombinase complex. Monoclonal antibodies alpha BFV-4 and alpha BFV-5 inhibited the interaction of active-site-modified radiolabeled factor Xa (125I-Xa-EGR) with factor Va bound to PC/PS-coated microtiter wells, whereas nonimmune mouse IgG did not have any effect on the 125I-Xa-EGR.membrane-bound factor Va interaction. The antibodies effect upon the phospholipid-independent interaction between the cofactor and ctr-EGR-Xa was evaluated by analytical ultracentrifugation. Both alpha BFV-4 and alpha BFV-5 inhibited the phospholipid-independent interaction between factor Va and ctr-EGR-Xa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The involvement of immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg interaction (2006)

The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are expressed on the plasma membrane between Sertoli cells and germ cells in the testis. IgSF proteins are specifically present at the apical Sertoli-germ cell junction, that is, ectoplasmic specialization and are involved in germ cell differentiation. Some IgSF proteins are present on the surface of germ cells and undergo further biochemical modifications during sperm maturation. These IgSF proteins undergo final modifications during capacitation and/or the acrosome reaction. The function and expression of IgSF proteins in the testis and spermatozoa, as they relate to spermatogenesis and sperm-egg interaction, are discussed. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; <b>5</b>: 87-93).
A dialog generation and management system for conflict analysis (2002)

The concern here is with cognitive and perceptive abilities and, in particular, methods whereby qualitative reasoning in decision support systems may be enhanced and used, together with quantitative reasoning efforts, through appropriate dialog generation and management system (DGMS) design. In all uses of a decision support system (DSS), it is the DGMS that the user interacts with. The conflict analysis software used is especially appropriate for incorporation into the model base management system (MBMS) of a DSS. It is a formal-reasoning-based, highly quantitative analysis tool. The author discusses those features of dialog generation, dialog management, and user interfaces that are most relevant to cognitive information processing issues for potential use of the conflict analysis MBMS software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Based on colorimetric indicators and dye uptake study of pretreatment on wheat straw for dyeing (2014)

Ultrasound-assisted conditions at low temperatures dipping, select the dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, on different pretreated wheat strawdyeing test, comparative analysis of according colorimetric indicator and dyeing rate, research effects of different pretreatment methods on wheat straw coloring, screening suitable type of dye and pretreatment processes, and for dyeingmechanismby SEManalysis. The results showed that: Reactive dyes are ideal dye for wheat straw under low temperature conditions. The best pretreatment process as straw is 1% NaOH, 500C, 45 KHz, 60min The studieswill development and utilization of strawresources to provide the necessary technical support, for the research and development of new composite materials and products of straw provide a theoretical basis.
Nitrosobenzene-Mediated C−C Bond Cleavage Reactions and Spectral Observation of an Oxazetidin-4-one Ring System (2008)

While bond formation processes have traditionally garnered the attention of the chemical community, methods facilitating bond breaking remain relatively undeveloped. We report a novel, transition-metal-free oxidative C-C bond cleavage process for a broad range of ester and dicarbonyl compounds involving carbanion addition to nitrosobenzene. ReactIR experiments on the nitrosobenzene-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of esters indicate the reaction proceeds via fragmentation of a previously unobserved oxazetidin-4-one heterocycle, characterized by an intense IR stretching frequency at 1846 cm-1. These mechanistic studies have allowed further expansion of this protocol to ketone cleavage reactions of a diverse array of beta-ketoester and 1,3-diketone substrates. The conceptual and mechanistic insights offered by this study are likely to provide a platform for further development of bond-breaking methodologies.
‘Wiring’ of glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase within a hydrogel made with poly(vinyl pyridine) complexed with [Os(4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)<sub>2</sub>Cl]<sup>+/2+</sup> (1996)

Glucose and lactate electrodes based on hydrogels made by crosslinking glucose oxidase and the redox polymer formed upon complexing poly(vinyl pyridine)(PVP) with [Os(dmo-bpy)2Cl]+/2+(dmo-bpy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) on vitreous carbon electrode surfaces have been investigated. The redox potential of the hydrogels was +35 mV vs. SCE and their glucose electrooxidation current reached a plateau at +150 mV vs. SCE. Urate and acetaminophen were not electrooxidized at this potential at rates that would interfere with the glucose and lactate assays. At a glucose concentration of 1 mM, the addition of 0.1 mM ascorbate increased the current by 17%. At 5 mM glucose, switching the atmosphere from argon to oxygen reduced the currents by 11%.
On fuzzy temporal logic (2002)

Starting with two-valued temporal logic the authors generalize this logic twofold. First, the set
The Aer protein and the serine chemoreceptor Tsr independently sense intracellular energy levels and transduce oxygen, redox, and energy signals for <i>Escherichia coli</i>  behavior (1997)

We identified a protein, Aer, as a signal transducer that senses intracellular energy levels rather than the external environment and that transduces signals for aerotaxis (taxis to oxygen) and other energy-dependent behavioral responses in Escherichia coli. Domains in Aer are similar to the signaling domain in chemotaxis receptors and the putative oxygen-sensing domain of some transcriptional activators. A putative FAD-binding site in the N-terminal domain of Aer shares a consensus sequence with the NifL, Bat, and Wc-1 signal-transducing proteins that regulate gene expression in response to redox changes, oxygen, and blue light, respectively. A double mutant deficient in aer and tsr, which codes for the serine chemoreceptor, was negative for aerotaxis, redox taxis, and glycerol taxis, each of which requires the proton motive force and/or electron transport system for signaling. We propose that Aer and Tsr sense the proton motive force or cellular redox state and thereby integrate diverse signals that guide E. coli to environments where maximal energy is available for growth.
Reducing the Cost of System Administration of a Disk Storage System Built from Commodity Components (2000)

This dissertation explores how to reduce the system administration cost of disk storage systems. There are several reasons why reducing the operator's burden is the key to success of large storage systems. One is that the cost of system administration usually dominates the budget of storage systems. Another is that an operator error on storage systems can easily have disastrous results. In the field of physiology and psychology, there have been studies that show reducing mental and physical stress on the operator is crucial in preventing human errors. 
This dissertation describes Tertiary Disk, a large-scale disk array system built from commodity components, and how we evaluated the feasibility of its design. Instead of incurring the cost of custom hardware, we attempt to solve various problems by design and software. Tertiary Disk is a cluster of storage nodes connected by switched Ethernet. Each storage node is a PC hosting a few dozen SCSI disks, running the FreeBSD operating system. The system is used as a web-based image server for the Zoom Project in cooperation with the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Our system is fully redundant in both hardware and software, and is designed to avoid a single point of failure. 
There are several approaches to lower the human cost of system administration. One is to make the system as autonomous as possible. I have designed a self-maintenance extension to the operating system to make the system run continuously in the event of failures. There are also several other improvements to the system to make the operator's job easier. 
Finally, we will prove the feasibility of our system by evaluating it by simulation. Failure data that has been collected on Tertiary Disk over the course of several years were used to design an event generator. The second program, a simulator, models the system using a directed acyclic graph and computes its availability by solving a connectivity problem. The results have shown that our system performs as expected with the current set of parameters, and also expands nicely into the future.
Events not equal to GUIs (2004)

The event driven paradigm is ubiquitous in modern software. Many texts introduce events when discussing graphical user interfaces, but the event paradigm extends well beyond that domain. Events also play important roles in operating systems, component based systems, reactive systems, middleware, web services and other fields. Computer science educators have an obligation to see that our students thoroughly understand the event paradigm and have some grounding in tools to develop event driven systems. This paper describes an upper division, computer science elective course in event driven programming. The course gives a comprehensive treatment of event driven systems. It appropriately captures the importance of the event paradigm and serves to integrate concepts from several different computing fields, including Programming Languages, Operating Systems, and Software Engineering. It also introduces students to advanced tools and packages designed for developing event driven systems. The course has been taught four times at our institution, having repeatedly received high marks from the students for both its conceptual and technical content.
Models In LWD Applications (1999)

A model for a fluid-filled borehole with an LWD tool is used to identify and analyze the monopole, dipole, and quadrupole modes that are present. The modes can be classified into three groups and have dispersion behavior that is influenced predominantly by the geometry and material properties of the three borehole layers (inner fluid column, tool, and annulus fluid column). However, this simple dependence gets complicated in regions of the frequency-wavenumber plane, where modes related to different layers interact and exchange their dispersion characteristics. The dipole modes exhibit the effects of interaction below 2 kHz and above 20 kHz.
ADC GUARDING DOG PROGRAM UPDATE: A FOCUS ON MANAGING DOGS (1990)

One hundred dogs were placed with sheep producers in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming during summer 1987 through summer 1988 as part of the APHIS-ADC livestock guarding dog program. Mortality as of February 1990 from culling and accidents is 39% and was evenly split between the first and second year of life. The 60 dogs currently working were rated as follows: 78% good, 12% fair, and 10% poor. All dogs rated good or fair were judged to have reduced predation or helped to keep predation minimized. Success of the dogs was breed-related but did not differ between pasture and rangeland sheep operations. About 50% of the producers who participated in the program either have purchased or plan to purchase additional guarding dogs.
Variable optical attenuator based on a cutoff modulator with tapered waveguides in polymers (1999)

A variable optical attenuator was demonstrated by using a thermooptic cutoff modulator in polymers. It combined horizontally and vertically tapered waveguide structures to improve both the attenuation efficiency and the fiber coupling. The rib height of the waveguides in the input and output region was chosen to achieve minimum fiber coupling loss. For the waveguide in the active region with the electrodes, the rib height was reduced and the width was tapered in order to enhance the attenuation performance by weakening the mode confinement. The two waveguides with different rib heights were connected smoothly by employing a vertical taper, which was realized by utilizing two steps of reactive ion etching with a shadow mask. Then a fiber coupler built in a silicon block was attached directly to the output end of the device. A fraction of the main attenuator output was tapped and fed back to the electrical driver to achieve constant output regardless of variations in input light power and polarization. The measured insertion loss of the attenuator was 2.5 dB at 1550 nm. The dynamic range was more than 20 dB with an electrical power consumption of 160 mW. And the optical response time was faster than 1.5 ms. The effect of polarization on the attenuation was reduced to 0.1 dB by employing a continuous electronic feedback control. The wavelength uniformity was as small as 0.3 dB over the range from 1530 to 1560 nm. Finally, the attenuator was successfully used to regulate channel powers within 0.4 dB in a wavelength division multiplexed transmission system.