gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satellite-based vessel tracking and monitoring as the long range mode of AIS (2005)

This study investigates the feasibility of implementing the long-range mode of AIS with INMARSAT-C satellite communication and the multipurpose performance of such a system. First, functionalities and limitations of INMARSAT-C with respect to the requirements are analyzed. Possible problems regarding the reliability and integrity of such a system are also discussed. Finally, possible scenario and procedures for the switching between long-range and short-range mode of AIS are proposed. Results presented in this work are based on trials performed during the development of INMARSAT-C or AIS-based vessel monitoring systems, as well as the long term real data gathered from hundreds of vessels via these implemented systems in operation
Stiffness of Annealed Copper Wires (1988)

Windability of annealed pure copper wires, which depends on its stiffness was studied in relation to the effects of working conditions and other factors. Several kinds of hot-rolled copper wire rods were annealed after 90% cold drawing. Stiffnesses of annealing copper wires were evaluated by the spring elongation number (SEN) which can indicate a precise softening state with high sensitivity. Crystallographic textures of the annealed copper wires were examined by means of the X-ray diffraction method. Crystal grain sizes were measured by the intercepting method. The dislocation distribution of the annealed copper wires were observed by transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of these observations, the stress-strain curves were analyzed in relation to SEN.It was found that SEN of TPC1 (normal tough pitch copper) was the highest when copper wires were annealed at a lower annealing temperature for a shorter annealing time, and the copper wire specimens can be arranged as follows, according to the order of SEN by annealing:TPC1>OFC(Oxygen Free Copper)>SCR(Southwire Continuous Rod)>TPC2(Tough Pitch Copper with 16 ppm Pb and 11 ppm Sn). The relation between SEN and the reciprocal of the root of mean grain size gives a nearly straight line. On the other hand, the ratio of the texture component of annealed copper wires, Ir=(111)⁄{(111)+(100)}, shows a nearly constant value after annealing at various temperatures from 600 to 900 K. This indicates that anisotropic crystal structure does not develop after annealing.From these experimental results, we may conclude that SEN depends on the resistance of the grain boundary against dislocation movement, and that the higher the annealing temperature, the better becomes the windability of copper wires.
Syndecan‐2 can promote clearance of T‐cell receptor/<scp>CD</scp>3 from the cell surface (2012)

T cells express the heparan sulphate proteoglycans syndecan-2 and syndecan-4. Syndecan-4 plays a T-cell inhibitory role; however, the function of syndecan-2 is unknown. In an attempt to examine this function, syndecan-2 was expressed constitutively in Jurkat T cells. Interestingly, the expression of syndecan-2 decreased the surface levels of T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, concomitant with intracellular retention of CD3ε and partial degradation of the TCR-ζ chain. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that intracellular CD3ε co-located with Rab-4 endosomes. However, the intracellular pool of CD3ε did not recycle to the cell surface. The lower TCR/CD3 surface levels caused by syndecan-2 led to reduced TCR/CD3 responsiveness. We show that the cytosolic PDZ-binding domain of syndecan-2 is not necessary to elicit TCR/CD3 down-regulation. These results identify a previously unrecognized means of controlling surface TCR/CD3 expression by syndecan-2.
A Large-Scale Networked Robotic Musical Instrument Installation (2005)

This paper describes an installation created by LEMUR(League of Electronic Musical Urban Robots) in January, 2005.The installation included over 30 robotic musical instrumentsand a multi-projector real-time video projection and wascontrollable and programmable over a MIDI network. Theinstallation was also controllable remotely via the Internet andcould be heard and viewed via room mics and a robotic webcam connected to a streaming server.
In-Line Multiport Calibration (1998)

We present a multiport measurement procedure well suited to on-wafer measurement. It can correct multiport measurements with any conventional in-line calibration, including the thru-reflect-line calibration. We demonstrate the procedure in a four-port measurement system.
Public Transit Route Mapping for Large-Scale Multimodal Networks (2017)

For the simulation of public transport, next to a schedule, knowledge of the public transport routes is required. While the schedules are becoming available, the precise network routes often remain unknown and must be reconstructed. For large-scale networks, however, a manual reconstruction becomes unfeasible. This paper presents a route reconstruction algorithm, which requires only the sequence and positions of the public transport stops and the street network. It uses an abstract graph to calculate the least-cost path from a route’s first to its last stop, with the constraint that the path must contain a so-called link candidate for every stop of the route’s stop sequence. The proposed algorithm is implemented explicitly for large-scale, real life networks. The algorithm is able to handle multiple lines and modes, to combine them at the same stop location (e.g., train and bus lines coming together at a train station), to automatically reconstruct missing links in the network, and to provide intelligent and efficient feedback if apparent errors occur. GPS or OSM tracks of the lines can be used to improve results, if available. The open-source algorithm has been tested for Zurich for mapping accuracy. In summary, the new algorithm and its MATSim-based implementation is a powerful, tested tool to reconstruct public transport network routes for large-scale systems.
Immunological responses to Salmonella R antigens. The bacterial cell and the protein edestin as carriers for R oligosaccharide determinants. (1975)

Responses in rabbits to heat-killed Salmonella minnesota R mutants (chemotypes Ra, Rc and Re) were heterogeneous with respect to the amounts and specific haemagglutinin activities (SHAA) of IgM and IgG antibodies produced to each mutant. Amounts of antibodies in IgM and IgG fractions of sera were determined by quantitative precipitation. For comparison, antibodies were also isolated using an R oligosaccharide-specific immunoadsorbent and quantitated spectrophotometrically. SHAA (haemagglutinating units/mg antibody) of IgG antibodies were similar for all three mutants. In contrast, the Ra mutant induced IgM antibodies with the highest SHAA, while the Re mutant induced IgM antibodies 10-fold lower in activity. The ratio of the amount of IgM/IgG produced was approximately 1/1 for both the Ra and the Rc mutants, while the ratio for the Re mutant was about 1/2. Salmonella R oligosaccharide-protein conjugates (chemotypes Rb2, Rc and Re) were prepared, and the responses to these antigens were compared with those to the heat-killed mutants. The conjugates were specific for the given chemotype, and they were strongly immunogenic when incorporated into Freund's complete adjuvant and administered intramuscularly. Haemagglutinin titres were relatively high, but amounts of antibodies were considerably reduced when the conjugates were administered intravenously without adjuvant. Rabbits immunized with the conjugates in the same manner as with heat-killed R mutants produced predominantly IgM responses in all three cases.
Inversion of controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics data for a horizontally layered earth (1999)

Abstract We present a technique for inverting controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) data to recover a 1-D conductivity structure. The earth is modeled as a set of horizontal layers with constant conductivity, and the data are apparent resistivities and phases computed from orthogonal electric and magnetic fields due to a finite dipole source. The earth model has many layers compared to the number of data points, and therefore the solution is nonunique. Among the possible solutions, we seek a model with desired character by minimizing a particular model objective function. Traditionally, CSAMT data are inverted either by using the far-field data where magnetotelluric (MT) equations are valid or by correcting the near-field data to an equivalent plane-wave approximation. Here, we invert both apparent resistivity and phase data from the near-field transition zone and the far-field regions in the full CSAMT inversion without any correction. Our inversion is compared with that obtained by inverting near-field corrected data using an MT algorithm. Both synthetic and field data examples indicate that a full CSAMT inversion provides improved information about subsurface conductivity.
Behavior of circular domains in GdIG (1969)

A close-packed array of circular domains was formed by a pulsed magnetic field in a 1-mil-thick slab of
Prognostic role of methylated free circulating DNA in colorectal cancer (2012)

DNA hypermethylation is frequently found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methylation of helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and hyperplastic polyposis 1 (HPP1) are potential and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an established prognostic factor in serum of patients with CRC. The aim of this study was to perform a direct comparison of the prognostic roles of these markers. Methylation status of HLTF and HPP1 was examined in pretherapeutic sera of 311 patients with CRC and matched primary tissues of 54 stage IV patients using methylation-specific quantitative PCR. CEA was determined using an immunoenzymometric assay. Methylation of HLTF and HPP1 DNA in serum significantly correlated with tumor size, stage, grade and metastatic disease. HPP1 methylation correlated with nodal status. Overall survival was shortened in case of methylation of HLTF or HPP1 or elevated levels of CEA (p < 0.0001 for all). In stage IV, patients survival was impaired if HLTF (p = 0.0005) or HPP1 (p = 0.0003) were methylated or CEA was above the median of 27 ng/ml (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that methylation of HLTF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.8, p = 0.0438], HPP1 (HR 1.6, p = 0.0495) and CEA >27 ng/ml (HR 1.7, p = 0.0317) were independent prognostic factors in stage IV. The combination of any two or all three of these factors outperformed each marker on its own. In conclusion, the presence of methylated DNA of the genes HLTF or HPP1 in serum are independent prognostic factors in metastasized CRC. Prospective validation is required to determine their usefulness in clinical routine along with the established marker CEA.
Pentoxifylline is not a promising treatment for multiple sclerosis in progression phase (1998)

Fourteen MS patients took pentoxifylline at varying doses for up to 24 months. In vitro production of tumor necrosis factor alpha was reduced in patients taking 2,400 to 3,200 mg/day of pentoxifylline for 12 weeks or more. Twelve of the 14 patients experienced worsening of the disease during the study according to clinical, MRI, or visual evoked potential criteria. These results provide no hint of efficacy for pentoxifylline as a treatment for MS in progression phase.
The Role of Progymnasmata in English Writing Class (2014)

This paper aims to suggest an English writing class lesson in therhetorical approach method through using progymnasmata activity. Thebackground of study is from ancient rhetorical writing exercises especiallyfor beginner writers. Specifically it focuses on imitation and paraphrasingas a writing activity variation. The approach of study is to provide awriting activity through imitation and paraphrasing which can be viewed asa learning style and structure. The current teaching of the writingcommunity has hardly addressed the rhetorical approach in teachingwriting. From the rhetorical approach, the study questions the role ofprogymnasmata (which means elementary exercises) and its effectivenessin writing class. As a sequenced writing exercise, that begins withimitation and/or a simple paraphrase and ends with complicated and/orsophisticated exercises, the author hypothesizes that progymnasmata canbe applied to a writing activity. In an effort to suggest a writing activitythe author introduces one progymnasmata, fables, to be integrated into thewriting exercises and used to cultivate mental activity. The author showswriting lesson activities of how to imitate and paraphrase the originalfables. Finally, the pedagogical implication and its challenges aresuggested and brought into teaching the writing class.
Coordinated Regulation of Insulin Signaling by the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases PTP1B and TCPTP (2005)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that the closely related tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP might also contribute to the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in vivo (S. Galic, M. Klingler-Hoffmann, M. T. Fodero-Tavoletti, M. A. Puryer, T. C. Meng, N. K. Tonks, and T. Tiganis, Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:2096-2108, 2003). Here we show that PTP1B and TCPTP function in a coordinated and temporally distinct manner to achieve an overall regulation of IR phosphorylation and signaling. Whereas insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling was prolonged in both TCPTP-/- and PTP1B-/- immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 signaling was elevated only in PTP1B-null MEFs. By using phosphorylation-specific antibodies, we demonstrate that both IR beta-subunit Y1162/Y1163 and Y972 phosphorylation are elevated in PTP1B-/- MEFs, whereas Y972 phosphorylation was elevated and Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation was sustained in TCPTP-/- MEFs, indicating that PTP1B and TCPTP differentially contribute to the regulation of IR phosphorylation and signaling. Consistent with this, suppression of TCPTP protein levels by RNA interference in PTP1B-/- MEFs resulted in no change in ERK1/2 signaling but caused prolonged Akt activation and Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that PTP1B and TCPTP are not redundant in insulin signaling and that they act to control both common as well as distinct insulin signaling pathways in the same cell.
In vitro and in vivo evidence for the role of elastase shedding of CD163 in human atherothrombosis (2011)

Our results suggest that neutrophil elastase promotes CD163 shedding, resulting in a decreased clearance of Hb by macrophages, which may favour plaque destabilization. This may be reflected by increased plasma levels of sCD163 and elastase/α1-AT complexes which are positively correlated in patients with coronary artery disease.
Viral IL-10 and Soluble TNF Receptor Act Synergistically to Inhibit Collagen-Induced Arthritis Following Adenovirus- Mediated Gene Transfer (2000)

Viral IL-10 (vIL-10) and soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) are anti-inflammatory proteins that can suppress collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). These and related proteins have shown efficacy in the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis; however, neither alone is able to completely suppress disease. Furthermore, they have short half-lives, necessitating frequent administration. To determine the ability of these proteins to act synergistically following gene transfer, arthritis was induced in DBA/1 male mice by immunization with type II collagen on days 0 and 21. Mice were injected i.v. either before disease onset (day 20) or after disease onset (day 28) with 1010 particles of adenovirus encoding vIL-10, a soluble TNF receptor-IgG1 fusion protein (sTNFR-Ig), a combination of both vectors, or a control vector lacking a transgene. Significant synergism was observed with the combination of vIL-10 and sTNFR-Ig, with a substantial reduction in both the incidence and severity of disease as well as inhibition of progression of established disease. sTNFR-Ig alone had no effect on CIA. vIL-10 alone inhibited disease when given before disease onset, but had minimal effect on established disease. Both proteins inhibited spleen cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion in response to stimulation with type II collagen, but only vIL-10 reduced the synovial mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. These findings demonstrate that vIL-10 and sTNFR-Ig act synergistically in suppressing CIA and suggest that gene transfer offers a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of arthritis.
Residual Belief Propagation: Informed Scheduling for Asynchronous Message Passing (2012)

Inference for probabilistic graphical models is still very much a practical challenge in large domains. The commonly used and effective belief propagation (BP) algorithm and its generalizations often do not converge when applied to hard, real-life inference tasks. While it is widely recognized that the scheduling of messages in these algorithms may have significant consequences, this issue remains largely unexplored. In this work, we address the question of how to schedule messages for asynchronous propagation so that a fixed point is reached faster and more often. We first show that any reasonable asynchronous BP converges to a unique fixed point under conditions similar to those that guarantee convergence of synchronous BP. In addition, we show that the convergence rate of a simple round-robin schedule is at least as good as that of synchronous propagation. We then propose residual belief propagation (RBP), a novel, easy-to-implement, asynchronous propagation algorithm that schedules messages in an informed way, that pushes down a bound on the distance from the fixed point. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of RBP over state-of-the-art methods for a variety of challenging synthetic and real-life problems: RBP converges significantly more often than other methods; and it significantly reduces running time until convergence, even when other methods converge.
Constrained Adaptive Sensing (2016)

Suppose that we wish to estimate a vector x ∈ C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> from a small number of noisy linear measurements of the form y = Ax + z, where z represents measurement noise. When the vector x is sparse, meaning that it has only s nonzeros with s ≪ n, one can obtain a significantly more accurate estimate of x by adaptively selecting the rows of A based on the previous measurements provided that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently large. In this paper, we consider the case where we wish to realize the potential of adaptivity but where the rows of A are subject to physical constraints. In particular, we examine the case where the rows of A are constrained to belong to a finite set of allowable measurement vectors. We demonstrate both the limitations and advantages of adaptive sensing in this constrained setting. We prove that for certain measurement ensembles, the benefits offered by adaptive designs fall far short of the improvements that are possible in the unconstrained adaptive setting. On the other hand, we also provide both theoretical and empirical evidence that in some scenarios, adaptivity does still result in substantial improvements even in the constrained setting. To illustrate these potential gains, we propose practical algorithms for constrained adaptive sensing by exploiting connections to the theory of optimal experimental design and show that these algorithms exhibit promising performance in some representative applications.
Application of the phenomenological method to the concept of occupation (1997)

Abstract Phenomenology began as a movement in philosophy that deals with the essences of objects, or phenomena as they present themselves in human consciousness. The founding father of phenomenology, Husserl, believed that through rigorous examination of objects, as they are presented in one's consciousness, a person could come to intuitively know the essence of those objectivities, or realities. He proposed that other disciplines might benefit from phenomenology as a way of identifying the main objectivities with which the discipline deals, before undertaking other inquiry. The phenomenological method outlines the steps of such an investigation. This paper uses the steps of the phenomenological method to explore the essence of occupation.
SPE International Award Address–1978 Barrier properties and migration problems of plastics (1978)

Abstract The present state of knowledge of the manner in which small molecules dissolve and diffuse in plastic materials is briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of these phenomena are outlined. Two aspects, one positive and one negative, are reviewed in more detail. The use of plastic materials as barriers to gas and vapor transport particularly in packaging applications is described and illustrated by examples. Typical permeability values for water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide in various polymer films are given. Values for hydrogen and helium are included to illustrate the possible use of plastic films for gas separations. On the negative side, the migration of residual monomers and other, possibly toxic, substances out of plastic materials can be a serious problem. Some of the basic considerations and practical solutions to the migration problem are discussed in more detail.
Context-based methods for text categorisation (2004)

We propose several context-based methods for text categorization. One method, a small modification to the PPM compression-based model which is known to significantly degrade compression performance, counter-intuitively has the opposite effect on categorization performance. Another method, called C-measure, simply counts the presence of higher order character contexts, and outperforms all other approaches investigated.
IN SITU SOILS MEASURING DEVICES (1975)

Soils engineering is as much art as science — mostly because techniques for measuring soil parameters leave much in the realm of estimation. Developing instrumentation practices and equipment are improving the odds, however. The trend is toward in situ measurements, so here is a roundup of equipment and procedures that help soils engineering.Although new instruments are coming on the market, most are simply improvements on old techniques. There are areas where new equipment and techniques would be most welcome.
Uniform rosette for moire-free color halftoning (2007)

By selecting halftone frequencies from high-order harmonics of two common rosette fundamentals for all color separations, a true moiré-free color halftoning can be achieved. With such screen configurations, the interference between any two frequency components, fundamentals or high-order harmonics, of different colors will also result in a linear combination of the two rosette fundamentals. Thereby, no visible interference, or moiré, at all will be shown in the output. The halftone outputs are two-dimensionally repeated patterns, as visually pleasant uniform rosettes. The uniform-rosette configurations can be implemented by single-cell non-orthogonal halftone screens for digital halftoning. Unlike "dot-on-dot" screening, or using one screen for all colors, uniform-rosette halftoning is robust to mis-registration between color separations. Several designs of uniform-rosette halftone screens have been successfully applied to Xerox iGen3 color printers for high-quality color reproduction.
REFLECTION OF WAVES IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS ABSORBING MEDIUM (1930)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.