gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of HLA-DR–bound peptides presented by human bronchoalveolar lavage cells in sarcoidosis (2007)

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, most commonly affecting the lungs. Activated CD4+ T cells accumulate in the lungs of individuals with sarcoidosis and are considered to be of central importance for inflammation. We have previously shown that Scandinavian sarcoidosis patients expressing the HLA-DR allele DRB1*0301 are characterized by large accumulations in the lungs of CD4+ T cells expressing the TCR AV2S3 gene segment. This association afforded us a unique opportunity to identify a sarcoidosis-specific antigen recognized by AV2S3+ T cells. To identify candidates for the postulated sarcoidosis-specific antigen, lung cells from 16 HLA-DRB1*0301pos patients were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. HLA-DR molecules were affinity purified and bound peptides acid eluted. Subsequently, peptides were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified 78 amino acid sequences from self proteins presented in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, some of which were well-known autoantigens such as vimentin and ATP synthase. For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified HLA-bound peptides presented in vivo during an inflammatory condition. This approach can be extended to characterize HLA-bound peptides in various autoimmune settings.
A comparative study of conservative and optimistic trace-driven simulations (2002)

We consider the evaluation of the memory hierarchy of multiprocessor systems via parallel trace driven simulation. We study two parallel simulation schemes: a conservative one using an algorithm proposed by Y-B Lin et al. (1992) whose main characteristic is to insert the shared references from every trace in all other traces, and an optimistic one using a Time Warp like algorithm (D. Jefferson, 1985). We compare, qualitatively and quantitatively, the major causes of overhead and the overall performance of the two methods. In addition, we discuss the tradeoffs in terms of implementation and debugging effort and of application to more general architectural simulation. The optimistic scheme is more complex but, in general, has slightly better performance, is more general, and does not require preprocessing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Module-Level Spring-Interconnected Stack Power Module (2018)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a module-level spring-interconnected stack power module for power semiconductor devices. The benefit of multilayer design capability offered by a low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate is used for this module-level power module structure. A half-bridge configuration is demonstrated using two standalone wire-bondless power modules with parallel power semiconductor devices stacked on top of each other. An interconnection scheme consisting of conductive copper clamps and a spring-loaded LTCC interposer is adopted to form a module-level 3-D package structure. The low loop and stray parasitic inductances for the 3-D stack are achieved using an antiparallel current path configuration along with the wire-bondless approach and a low-profile spring interposer. For demonstration, silicon insulated-gate bipolar transistors and silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky barrier diodes are used to fabricate the hybrid 3-D stack. Static and transient electrical characteristics of the 3-D stack power module are evaluated through simulation and experimental measurements and compared with a wire-bonded half-bridge power module to investigate the performance improvement in switching characteristics of the 3-D module. High-voltage isolation test, leakage current test, and thermal cycling are performed to validate the spring-interconnected module-level 3-D stack structure.
Accuracy of Genomic Selection Using Different Methods to Define Haplotypes (2008)

Genomic selection uses total breeding values for juvenile animals, predicted from a large number of estimated marker haplotype effects across the whole genome. In this study the accuracy of predicting breeding values is compared for four different models including a large number of markers, at different marker densities for traits with heritabilities of 50 and 10%. The models estimated the effect of (1) each single-marker allele [single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)1], (2) haplotypes constructed from two adjacent marker alleles (SNP2), and (3) haplotypes constructed from 2 or 10 markers, including the covariance between haplotypes by combining linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis (HAP_IBD2 and HAP_IBD10). Between 119 and 2343 polymorphic SNPs were simulated on a 3-M genome. For the trait with a heritability of 10%, the differences between models were small and none of them yielded the highest accuracies across all marker densities. For the trait with a heritability of 50%, the HAP_IBD10 model yielded the highest accuracies of estimated total breeding values for juvenile and phenotyped animals at all marker densities. It was concluded that genomic selection is considerably more accurate than traditional selection, especially for a low-heritability trait.
Analysis of driver behaviour based on experiences of road traffic incidents investigated by means of questionnaires for the reduction of road traffic accidents (2008)

The number of persons injured due to Traffic Accidents in Japan has exceeded 1 million during each of the past eight years (as of 2006), and reducing the number of traffic accidents has become an urgent issue. We believe that reducing the opportunities for encountering traffic incidents, which may lead to traffic accidents, is an effective means of reducing the number of traffic accidents. Previous analysis of traffic incidents using drive recorders was conducted primarily to analyze the factors which cause traffic accidents and to analyze driver behavior. This study utilized a questionnaire investigation to collect examples of traffic incidents which occur during ordinary driving, analyzed the driver behavior and driver mental and physical states immediately before encountering the traffic incident, and identified driver characteristics which make traffic incidents more likely. We also conducted a comparison with the regression analysis results from previous research concerning daytime subjective sleepiness – a factor that is likely to lead to serious accidents. Based on these results, we propose a direction for further research concerning physiological signal-driven driving support systems that detect driver physiological signals in order to prevent traffic accidents.
Improving network efficiency in real-time groupware with general message compression (2006)

Groupware communicates by sending messages across the network, and groupware programmers use a variety of formats for these messages, such as XML, plain text, or serialized objects. Although these formats have many advantages, they are often so verbose that they overload the system's network resources. Groupware programmers could improve efficiency by using more compact formats, but this efficiency comes at the cost of increased complexity, reduced convenience, and reduced readability. In this paper we propose an alternate approach for improving efficiency -- an automatic compression system that transparently minimizes verbose formats. Our general message compressor -- GMC -- automatically finds and removes redundancy in message streams, without any knowledge of the contents or structure of the message, and without any need for the programmer to change the way they work. In tests with realistic message traces, GMC reduced text messages to 20% of their original size, XML messages to 8% of the original, and serialized objects to 9%. Although not as compact as a hand-coded representation, GMC provides most of the compression benefits with almost none of the work -- it allows groupware programmers to use convenient message formats without compromising transport efficiency.
Double Extraction of Uniformly Generated Electron-Hole Pairs from Insulators with Noninjecting Contacts (1971)

A simple physical model has been used to derive an approximate theory of the double extraction of uniformly generated electron-hole pairs from a photoconductor layer with noninjecting contacts. The theory predicts 4 regimes of current versus applied voltage behavior: (1) At low voltage, I∝V. (2) At higher voltage, a transition region between I∝V and I∝V1/2. (3) At still higher voltage, I∝V1/2. (4) At very high voltage (above a saturation value), I=constant. The model relates the extent of these regimes to the physical parameters of the system, viz., μpτp (mobility × lifetime product for holes), μnτn (mobility × lifetime product for electrons), and the layer thickness. Good agreement is obtained between the theory and measurements on lead oxide vidicons. The theory also provides some insight into the nature of the transient phenomena ``red fade'' and ``after image'' sometimes observed in the operation of lead oxide vidicons. At high light excitation levels, space-charge-limited currents are expected. In this case, two regimes of current versus applied voltage behavior can be predicted: (1) Below a saturation value of voltage, I∝V1/2. (2) Above a saturation value of voltage, I=constant. The reasons for the one-half power current-voltage relationships are distinctly different in the μτ-limited and the space-charge-limited cases. In addition, the dependence of current on light intensity in the space-charge-limited case is a three-quarter power relation whereas in the μτ-limited case the dependence is a linear one. Also, the saturation voltage varies as the one-half power of the light intensity in the space-charge-limited case and is independent of the light intensity in the μτ-limited case.
Ice Mining in Lunar Permanently Shadowed Regions (2019)

The Colorado School of Mines has developed a system architecture for a lunar permanently shadowed region (PSR) mining operation to extract and process water ice into liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen propellant. The availability of space-sourced propellants dramatically lowers the cost of space transportation beyond low Earth orbit, enabling the development of a robust commercial economy in cislunar space. A key component of the architecture is an ice extraction method called thermal mining. In thermal mining, ice is sublimated by applying heat directly to the surface and the near subsurface of the PSR, the vapor is captured under a dome-like tent, then directed toward cold traps where it refreezes for transport to a processing system. A simple business case analysis indicates thermal mining of propellants on the Moon can be a profitable commercial enterprise.
Fuzzy data mining for querying and retrieval of research archival information (2002)

This paper discusses the design of a prototype information/intelligent system (FUZZYBASE) to facilitate intelligent and fast retrieval of information that is of interest to scientific research communities with specific needs, such as getting relevant technical information fast. It involves the intelligent fuzzy retrieval of information, crisp retrieval of catalogued information, high end computer and communications infrastructure, the potential to be a testbed for future research in databases, retrieval algorithms, and networking, and so on. The prototype components of our design include a subsystem to automatically build a profile for each user using their CV or other information, a push technology subsystem, a new electronic journal, tutorial links to sites with relevant scientific information and research, pointers to electronic abstracts, tables of contents of other journals as well as other WWW pages, and links to other relevant sites, links to various conferences, calls for papers, abstracts, and conference papers, a bulletin board, a querying or information retrieval system, and a front end to the fuzzy retrieval component with a specification subsystem using natural language.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Soluble and Processable Organic-Capped Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanorods (2003)

We demonstrate the controlled growth of high aspect ratio anatase TiO2 nanorods by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in oleic acid (OLEA) as surfactant at a temperature as low as 80 degrees C. Chemical modification of TTIP by OLEA is proven to be a rational strategy to tune the reactivity of the precursor toward water. The most influential factors in shape control of the nanoparticles are investigated by simply manipulating their growth kinetics. The presence of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium hydroxides as catalysts is essential to promote fast crystallization under mild conditions. The novelty of the present approach relies on the large-scale production of organic-capped TiO2 nanocrystals to which standard processing of colloidal nanocrystals, such as surface ligand exchange, can be applied for the first time. Concentrated colloidal titania dispersions can be prepared for a number of fundamental studies in homogeneous solutions and represent a new source of easily processable oxide material for many technological applications.
Optical Imaging of Bacterial Infection in Living Mice Using Deep-Red Fluorescent Squaraine Rotaxane Probes (2010)

Two structurally related fluorescent imaging probes allow optical imaging of bacterial leg infection models in living athymic and immunocompetent mice. Structurally, the probes are comprised of a deep-red fluorescent squaraine rotaxane scaffold with two appended bis(zinc(II)-dicolylamine) (bis(Zn-DPA)) targeting ligands. The bis(Zn-DPA) ligands have high affinity for the anionic phospholipids and related biomolecules that reside within the bacterial envelope, and they are known to selectively target bacterial cells over the nearly uncharged membrane surfaces of healthy mammalian cells. Planar, whole-animal optical imaging studies showed that intravenous dosing of either probe (10 nmol) allowed imaging of localized infections of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. High selectivity for the infected target leg (T) over the contralateral nontarget leg (NT) was reflected by T/NT ratios up to six. The infection imaging signal was independent of mouse humoral immune status, and there was essentially no targeting at a site of sterile inflammation induced by injection of lambda-carrageenan. Furthermore, the fluorescent probe imaging signal colocalized with the bioluminescence signal from a genetically engineered strain of S. enterica serovar typhimurium. Although not highly sensitive (the localized infection must contain at least approximately 10(6) colony forming units for fluorescence visualization), the probes are remarkably selective for bacterial cells considering their low molecular weight (<1.5 kDa) and simple structural design. The more hydrophilic of the two probes produced a higher T/NT ratio in the early stages of the imaging experiment and washed out more rapidly from the blood clearance organs (liver, kidney). Therefore, it is best suited for longitudinal studies that require repeated dosing and imaging of the same animal. The results indicate that fluorescent probes based on squaraine rotaxanes should be broadly useful for in vivo animal imaging studies, and they further validate the ability of imaging probes with bis(Zn-DPA) ligands to selectively target bacterial infections in living animals.
DKS(N, k, f): a family of low communication, scalable and fault-tolerant infrastructures for P2P applications (2003)

In this paper, we present DKS(N, k, f), a family of infrastructures for building Peer-To-Peer applications. Each instance of DKS(N, k, f) is a fully decentralized overlay network characterized by three parameters: N the maximum number of nodes that can be in the network; k the search arity within the network and f the degree of fault-tolerance. Once these parameters are instantiated, the resulting network has several desirable properties. The first property, which is the main contribution of this paper, is that there is no separate procedure for maintaining routing tables; instead, any out-of-date or erroneous routing entry is eventually corrected on-the-fly thereby, eliminating unnecessary bandwidth consumption. The second property is that each lookup request is resolved in at most log/sub k/(N) overlay hops under normal operations. Third, each node maintains only (k-1) log/sub k/(N) + 1 addresses of other nodes for routing purposes. Fourth, new nodes can join and existing nodes can leave at will with a negligible disturbance to the ability to resolve lookups in logk(N) hops in average. Fifth, any pair key/value that is inserted into the system is guaranteed to be located even in the presence of concurrent joins. Sixth, even if f consecutive nodes fail simultaneously, correct lookup is still guaranteed.
Investigation on the initial growth of nanocrystalline silicon prepared from hydrogen-diluted SiCl<sub>4</sub>at low temperatures (2006)

Ultrathin nanocrystalline silicon films have been fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from hydrogen-diluted SiCl4 at a low temperature of 250 °C. The Raman spectra measurements and high resolution transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that nanocrystalline silicon can be directly grown on an insulator glass substrate at the initial growth of the deposition process. The crystallinity and the grain size increase with the increase in the deposition period. Furthermore, the crystalline fraction as well as the grain size also increase with the decrease in the hydrogen dilution ratio. The I–V characteristic curves measured by a tuned Langmuir probe in the SiCl4/H2 plasma region at a substrate temperature of 100 °C show that silicon films with higher conductivity were deposited on the probe surface in the deposition process. This behaviour is completely different from that observed in the SiH4/H2 system. It is considered that the formation of nanometre size grains occurs in the gas phase reaction process at the initial stage of film growth, while the growth of grains is mainly governed by the surface reaction process where chlorine and hydrogen play an important role. The direct growth of nanocrystalline Si on the insulator surface at low temperatures using SiCl4/H2 opens up the possibility of directly fabricating nc-Si/SiO2 or nc-Si/a-SiNx systems at low temperatures.
Automated detection of Internet usage policy violation (2002)

The Internet is considered to be a powerful business tool, with its use increasing all the time. You may still find, however, negative aspects linked to its usage in various areas. Reports may be found so often in the computing press of how the Internet is being misused by employees. This paper suggests and puts forward the need for corporate Internet connections to be monitored along with the creation and evaluation of tools to aid the monitoring process. A tool is subsequently designed, implemented and evaluated.
Fluoronaphthyridines as antibacterial agents. 6. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new chiral 7-(1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)naphthyridine analogs of 7-[(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Influence of the configuration on blood pressure in dogs. A quinolone-class effect (1992)

A series of novel chiral 7-(1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-methyl-[(1R,4R)-2,5- diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-substituted naphthyridines has been prepared with the aim of obtaining good in vitro and in vivo antibacterial agents with a decrease of the pseudoallergic type reaction when compared to that observed with 7[(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl )1,4- dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1a) (BMY 40062). The derivatives 7-[(1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]- 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-fluro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine- 3-carboxylic acid (41) and 7-[(1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2- yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxy lic acid (49) showed potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The derivative 49 displayed a less marked decrease in blood pressure (MAP), compared to that of 1a, after intravenous infusion in dogs and was selected as a potential candidate for preclinical trials.
Automatic Reconstruction of Buildings from Stereoscopic Image Sequences (1993)

A vision–based 3‐D scene analysis system is described that is capable to model complex real–world scenes like streets and buildings automatically from stereoscopic image pairs. Input to the system is a sequence of stereoscopic images taken with two standard CCD Cameras and TV lenses. The relative orientation of both cameras to each other is known by calibration. The camerapair is then moved throughout the scene and a long sequence of closely spaced views is recorded. Each of the stereoscopic image pairs is rectified and a dense map of 3‐D suface points is obtained by area correlation, object segmentation, interpolation, and triangulation. 3‐D camera motion relative to the scene coordinate system is tracked directly from the image sequence which allows to fuse 3‐D surface measurements from different viewpoints into a consistent 3‐D model scene. The surface geometry of each scene object is approximated by a triangular surface mesh which stores the suface texture in a texture map. From the textured 3‐D models, realistic looking image sequences from arbitrary view points can be synthesized using computer graphics.
Tactical data links, air traffic management, and software programmable radios (2003)

The background on Link 16, global air traffic management (GATM), and the joint tactical radio system (JTRS) is provided. Information addressing the ability of: (1) Link 16 to handle evolving civil aviation data link (CADL) waveforms; (2) a single data link to satisfy Air Force GATM requirements; and (3) JTRS to incorporate data links of interest to aviation is offered. Relationships with layered communication architectures, the Global Grid, and software programmable radios (SPRs) are also discussed.
Die palladiumkatalysierte Amidocarbonylierung — eine neue effiziente Synthese von <i>N</i>‐Acylaminosäuren (1997)

Erstmals mit Palladiumverbindungen gelingt die Katalyse der Amidocarbonylierung (allgemeines Reaktionsschema siehe unten). Dabei wird die Aktivität der bisher ausschließlich verwendeten Cobaltkatalysatoren um Größenordnungen übertroffen, und es kann bei wesentlich milderen Bedingungen gearbeitet werden. Die palladiumkatalysierte Amidocarbonylierung schließt entscheidende Lücken in der Anwendbarkeit dieser Reaktion zur Synthese von N ‐Acylaminosäuren. magnified image
Isolation of a <i>CONSTANS</i> Ortholog from <i>Pharbitis nil</i> and Its Role in Flowering (2001)

The short-day plant Pharbitis nil is a model plant for the study of photoperiodic control of floral initiation. Flower formation can be induced at the cotyledon stage by a single long night of at least 14 h in duration. Using differential display of mRNA we identified a P. nil ortholog of the Arabidopsis CONSTANS (CO) gene, which will be referred to as PnCO. Expression of PnCO was high after a 14-h night, but low when the dark period was 12 h or less. Our results indicate that the level of the PnCO transcript is photoperiodically regulated. After transfer from continuous light to darkness, PnCO showed a circadian pattern of expression. Expression of the CAB gene, which is a molecular marker for the circadian clock, exhibited a different pattern of expression than did PnCO and was not subject to the same photoperiodic control. A major portion of the PnCO transcripts contained an unspliced intron. Only the intron-free PnCO was able to complement the co mutant of Arabidopsis by shortening the time to flower.