gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Silencing of KRAS Using Systemically Delivered siRNAs (2014)

Despite being among the most common oncogenes in human cancer, to date, there are no effective clinical options for inhibiting KRAS activity. We investigated whether systemically delivered KRAS siRNAs have therapeutic potential in KRAS-mutated cancer models. We identified KRAS siRNA sequences with notable potency in knocking down KRAS expression. Using lung and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, we assessed antiproliferative effects of KRAS silencing in vitro. For in vivo experiments, we used a nanoliposomal delivery platform, DOPC, for systemic delivery of siRNAs. Various lung and colon cancer models were used to determine efficacy of systemic KRAS siRNA based on tumor growth, development of metastasis, and downstream signaling. KRAS siRNA sequences induced >90% knockdown of KRAS expression, significantly reducing viability in mutant cell lines. In the lung cancer model, KRAS siRNA treatment demonstrated significant reductions in primary tumor growth and distant metastatic disease, while the addition of CDDP was not additive. Significant reductions in Ki-67 indices were seen in all treatment groups, whereas significant increases in caspase-3 activity were only seen in the CDDP treatment groups. In the colon cancer model, KRAS siRNA reduced tumor KRAS and pERK expression. KRAS siRNAs significantly reduced HCP1 subcutaneous tumor growth, as well as outgrowth of liver metastases. Our studies demonstrate a proof-of-concept approach to therapeutic KRAS targeting using nanoparticle delivery of siRNA. This study highlights the potential translational impact of therapeutic RNA interference, which may have broad applications in oncology, especially for traditional "undruggable" targets.
Reduction of Absorption of Paracetamol by Activated Charcoal and Cholestyramine: A Possible Therapeutic Measure (1973)

The absorption of an oral 2-g dose of paracetamol was markedly reduced by the simultaneous oral administration of either activated charcoal or cholestyramine but was only slightly reduced when the adsorbents were given 60 minutes after the paracetamol. Since the absorption of a larger dose of the drug will probably be slow, the administration of adsorbents may be of value even when delayed several hours.
Targeted Delivery of IL2 to the Tumor Stroma Potentiates the Action of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Preferential Activation of NK and CD8+ T Cells (2019)

Recombinant human IL2 is being considered as a combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy, but the product only has a narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, we used F8-IL2, an antibody-IL2 fusion protein capable of selective localization to the tumor site, in combination with antibodies against murine CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. In immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 tumors, the combination of F8-IL2 with CTLA-4 blockade was efficacious, leading to increased progression-free survival and protective immunity against subsequent tumor rechallenges. The combination with anti-PD-1 induced substantial tumor growth retardation, but tumor clearance was rare, whereas the combination with anti-PD-L1 exhibited the lowest activity. A detailed high-parametric single-cell analysis of the tumor leukocyte composition revealed that F8-IL2 had a strong impact on NK-cell activity without collateral immune activation in the systemic immune compartment, whereas CTLA-4 blockade led to significant changes in the T-cell compartment. Leukocyte depletion studies revealed that CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK cells were the main drivers of the therapeutic activity. We extended the experimental observations to a second model, treating MC38 tumor-bearing mice with F8-IL2 and/or CTLA-4 blockade. Only the combination treatment displayed potent anticancer activity, characterized by an increase in cytolytic CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK cells in tumors and draining lymph nodes. A decrease in the regulatory T cell frequency, within the tumors, was also observed. The results provide a rationale for the combined use of engineered IL2 therapeutics with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Fluorous‐Silica‐Supported Perfluoro‐Tagged Palladium Complexes Catalyze Suzuki Couplings in Water. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks: Performance Issues (1993)

From the Publisher:
This updated version of the bestselling first edition is a one-source reference to ATM architecture, it provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging ATM standards, including P-NNI. Unlike traditional standards, this book is easy to follow and serves as a readily accessible reference for system designers, researchers, marketing staff and graduate students of high-speed networking.
Roles of Topoisomerases in Maintaining Steady-state DNA Supercoiling in Escherichia coli (2000)

DNA supercoiling is essential for bacterial cell survival. We demonstrated that DNA topoisomerase IV, acting in concert with topoisomerase I and gyrase, makes an important contribution to the steady-state level of supercoiling in Escherichia coli. Following inhibition of gyrase, topoisomerase IV alone relaxed plasmid DNA to a final supercoiling density (sigma) of -0.015 at an initial rate of 0.8 links min(-1). Topoisomerase I relaxed DNA at a faster rate, 5 links min(-1), but only to a sigma of -0.05. Inhibition of topoisomerase IV in wild-type cells increased supercoiling to approximately the same level as in a mutant lacking topoisomerase I activity (to sigma = -0.08). The role of topoisomerase IV was revealed by two functional assays. Removal of both topoisomerase I and topoisomerase IV caused the DNA to become hyper-negatively supercoiled (sigma = -0.09), greatly stimulating transcription from the supercoiling sensitive leu-500 promoter and increasing the number of supercoils trapped by lambda integrase site-specific recombination.
BRIDGE Anti-Counterfeiting Business Case Report (2007)

EU Forschungsbericht - Business Case Berechnungen fur den Einsatz von RFID-Technologie und track-and-trace zur Bekampfung von Produktfalschungen.
On the Problems of CD Spectropolarimeters. II: Artifacts in CD Spectrometers (1985)

The Mueller matrix approach is used to investigate the artifacts resulting from the coupling of anisotropic samples and imperfect hardwares of commercially available CD spectropolarimeters. On the basis of the results obtained, attention is called to the instrumental limitation of CD spectropolarimeters in the study of CD phenomena of systems with macroscopic anisotropy. Furthermore, strong doubts are presented about what is called an induced CD spectrum observed in an achiral anisotropic medium.
Orchestrating a mixed reality performance (2001)

A study of a professional touring mixed reality performance called Desert Rain yields insights into how performers orchestrate players' engagement in an interactive experience. Six players at a time journey through an extended physical and virtual set. Each sees a virtual world projected onto a screen made from a fine water spray. This acts as a traversable interface, supporting the illusion that performers physically pass between real and virtual worlds. Live and video-based observations of Desert Rain, coupled with interviews with players and the production team, have revealed how the performers create conditions for the willing suspension of disbelief, and how they monitor and intervene in the players experience without breaking their engagement. This involves carefully timed performances and “off-face” and “virtual” interventions. In turn, these are supported by the ability to monitor players' physical and virtual activity through asymmetric interfaces.
Influence of the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> value of the buried, active‐site cysteine on the redox properties of thioredoxin‐like oxidoreductases (2000)

Thioredoxin constitutes the prototype of the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase family. These enzymes contain an active-site disulfide bridge with the consensus sequence Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys. The more N-terminal active-site cysteine is generally a strong nucleophile with an abnormal low pK(a) value. In contrast, the more C-terminal cysteine is buried and only little is known about its effective pK(a) during catalysis of disulfide exchange reactions. Here we have analyzed the pK(a) values of the active-site thiols in wild type thioredoxin and a 400-fold more oxidizing thioredoxin variant by NMR spectroscopy, using selectively (13)C(beta)-Cys-labeled proteins. We find that the effective pK(a) of the buried cysteine (pK(b)) of the variant is increased, while the pK(a) of the more N-terminal cysteine (pK(N)) is decreased relative to the corresponding pK(a) values in the wild type. We propose two empirical models which exclusively require the knowledge of pK(N) to predict the redox properties of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases with reasonable accuracy.
Case Report: The Clinical Toxicity of Dimethylamine Borane (2005)

Further investigation of the toxic mechanism of DMAB is warranted. Early decontamination with copious water is the best current treatment for exposure to DMAB.
Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM)-Induced Resistance against Tobamoviruses Involves Induction of RNA- Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) and Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Genes (2008)

Tobamoviruses are the major viral pathogens of tomato and bell pepper. The preliminary results showed that Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM; S-methylbenzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothiate) pre-treatment to tomato and tobacco plants reduces the concentration of Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) and Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) in tomato and bell pepper seedlings, respectively. Pre-treatment of the indicator plant (Nicotiana glutinosa) with the ASM followed by challenge inoculation with tobamoviruses pro-duced a reduced number and size of local lesions (67 and 79 % protection over control to TMV and ToMV inoculation, respectively). In order to understand the mechanism of resistance the gene expression profiles of antiviral genes was examined. RT-PCR products showed higher expression of two viral resistance genes viz., alternative oxidase (AOX) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in the upper leaves of the ASM-treated tomato plants challenge inoculation with ToMV. Further, the viral concentration was also quantified in the upper leaves by reverse transcription PCR using specific primer for movement protein of ToMV, as well as ELISA by using antisera against tobamoviruses. The results provided additional evidence that ASM pre-treatment reduced the viral movement to upper leaves. The results suggest that expressions of viral resistance genes in the host are the key component in the resistance against ToMV in the inducer-treated tomato plants.
Cranial bone defect healing is accelerated by mesenchymal stem cells induced by coadministration of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (2004)

Hypoalbuminemia is often claimed to impair wound healing, and therefore albumin has traditionally been administered to derive beneficial effects on general physiologic conditions including the nutritional state. However, the influence of albumin administration on systemic protein metabolism and wound healing is still unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of albumin administration on protein metabolism and wound healing in burned rats. After receiving basic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 4 days, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 6-cm skin incision in the back and a burn involving 20 percent of the whole body surface. The rats were divided into three groups. Group I continued to receive basic TPN. Group II was given basic TPN, but 20 percent of the total nitrogen was replaced by albumin. Group III was administered basic TPN plus albumin equivalent to 20 percent of the total nitrogen of basic TPN. Group IV had the skin incision but no burn, receiving only basic TPN. All the groups were euthanized 4 days after the burn or skin incision. The wound healing potential in terms of tensile strength was enhanced by replacement and addition of albumin (groups II and III, respectively) after a 20 percent burn. Hydroxyproline levels in the wound tended to increase in group II, and significantly increased in group III. Whereas albumin replacement (group II) did not remarkably change the protein metabolism, albumin addition (group III) significantly increased both protein synthesis (S) and breakdown (B) with the S/B ratio and nitrogen balance remaining the same as with albumin-free nutrition (group I). The urinary 3-methyl-histidine/creatinine ratio significantly increased after burn in group III. We conclude that intravenous albumin administration enhanced incisional wound healing in burned rats. Increased protein synthesis with concurrent myolysis and protein breakdown by albumin addition (group III) was observed during wound healing.
Emergence of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates Producing KPC-2 Carbapenemase in China (2013)

Twenty-two KPC-2-producing Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from three hospitals in Hangzhou, China, from 2007 to 2011. One isolate, with OmpC porin deficiency, exhibited high-level carbapenem resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that few isolates were indistinguishable or closely related. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that sequence type 131 (ST131) was the predominant type (9 isolates, 40.9%), followed by ST648 (5 isolates), ST405 (2 isolates), ST38 (2 isolates), and 4 single STs, ST69, ST2003, ST2179, and ST744. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 9 group B2 isolates belonged to ST131, and 5 of 11 group D isolates belonged to ST648. Only one group B1 isolate and one group A isolate were identified. A representative plasmid (pE1) was partially sequenced, and a 7,788-bp DNA fragment encoding Tn3 transposase, Tn3 resolvase, ISKpn8 transposase, KPC-2, and ISKpn6-like transposase was obtained. The blaKPC-2-surrounding sequence was amplified by a series of primers. The PCR results showed that 13 isolates were consistent with the genetic environment in pE1. It is the first report of rapid emergence of KPC-2-producing E. coli ST131 in China. The blaKPC-2 gene of most isolates was located on a similar genetic structure.
<title>Photoelectric properties of Pb<formula><inf><roman>1-x-y</roman></inf></formula>Ge<formula><inf><roman>y</roman></inf></formula>Sn<formula><inf><roman>x</roman></inf></formula>:In epitaxial films</title> (1997)

Epitaxial films Pb<SUB>1-x-y</SUB>Ge<SUB>y</SUB>Sn<SUB>x</SUB>Te:In grown by 'hot wall' method on insulating substrates BaF<SUB>2</SUB> are studied. Samples are made in Ukrainian Institute of Problems of the Study of Materials. Measurements of photoconductivity spectra and temperature dependence of resistance are carried out at different background fluxes. The correlation between a cutoff wavelength and thermoactivation energies of resistance of studied samples was observed. The observed phenomena are explained on the basis of a two-electron Indium impurity center model. Energies of local oscillations of impurity centers are determined.
Ordered shotgun sequencing of a 135 kb Xq25 YAC containing ANT2 and four possible genes, including three confirmed by EST matches (1996)

Ordered shotgun sequencing (OSS) has been successfully carried out with an Xq25 YAC substrate. yWXD703 DNA was subcloned into lambda phage and sequences of insert ends of the lambda subclones were used to generate a map to select a minimum tiling path of clones to be completely sequenced. The sequence of 135 038 nt contains the entire ANT2 cDNA as well as four other candidates suggested by computer-assisted analyses. One of the putative genes is homologous to a gene implicated in Graves' disease and it, ANT2 and two others are confirmed by EST matches. The results suggest that OSS can be applied to YACs in accord with earlier simulations and further indicate that the sequence of the YAC accurately reflects the sequence of uncloned human DNA.
Novel Imaging Provides New Insights into Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in Tumors (2009)

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and abnormal tumor oxygen transport is a key factor in the imbalance between tumor oxygen supply and demand. Novel advanced imaging techniques can enable new insights into the complexities of tumor oxygen transport and hypoxia that were not previously known or fully appreciated. In this paper, we document new insights into tumor oxygen transport enabled by spectral imaging of microvascular hemoglobin saturation.
Optimized on-demand data streaming from sensor nodes (2017)

Real-time sensor data enables diverse applications such as smart metering, traffic monitoring, and sport analysis. In the Internet of Things, billions of sensor nodes form a sensor cloud and offer data streams to analysis systems. However, it is impossible to transfer all available data with maximal frequencies to all applications. Therefore, we need to tailor data streams to the demand of applications.
Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to measuring of attractiveness of opposite-sex faces (2005)

Brain imaging technology employing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has great potential in various applications to daily life, by virtue of offering handy equipment and an easy measurement method. In this paper, we propose a novel application of NIRS to evaluation of feeling. As compared with an electroencephalogram, the NIRS offers easier attachment of probes on the scalp, because it does not require any paste. As compared with the magnetic resonance image system, the NIRS can detect hemodynamic response by much smaller equipment. To examine the suitability of NIRS for evaluation of feeling, we measured hemodynamic responses in the left anterior frontal cortex, which we then correlated with reported assessments of facial attractiveness. Oxy-hemoglobin in the area increased when the subjects evaluated the faces as unattractive, and the amount of increase measured in each trial was proportional to the degree of unattractiveness. This result indicates the availability of NIRS to real-time evaluation of feeling.
Recent Advances in Edible Coatings for Fresh and Minimally Processed Fruits (2008)

The development of new edible coatings with improved functionality and performance for fresh and minimally processed fruits is one of the challenges of the post harvest industry. In the past few years, research efforts have focused on the design of new eco-friendly coatings based on biodegradable polymers, which not only reduce the requirements of packaging but also lead to the conversion of by-products of the food industry into value added film-forming components. This work reviews the different coating formulations and applications available at present, as well as the main results of the most recent investigations carried out on the topic. Traditionally, edible coatings have been used as a barrier to minimize water loss and delay the natural senescence of coated fruits through selective permeability to gases. However, the new generation of edible coatings is being especially designed to allow the incorporation and/or controlled release of antioxidants, vitamins, nutraceuticals, and natural antimicrobial agents by means of the application of promising technologies such as nanoencapsulation and the layer-by-layer assembly.
Nonparametric k-stage detection (2002)

One-sample signed-rank and two-sample rank k-stage signal detection procedures are developed. An analysis of their efficiency versus one-sample signed-rank and two-sample rank procedures with fixed sample size of Wilcoxon type and also versus sequential signed-rank Miller procedure is accomplished. The stability of the considered signal detection procedures under conditions of clutter probability distribution change is investigated.
Efficacy and Cost Benefit Ratio of Certain Fungicides Against Foliar Diseases of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L.) (1986)

Two field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and cost benefit ratio of eleven fungicies against powdery mildew (Erysiphs poligoni D. C.), anthracnose (Colletorichum lindamu-thanum Sacc. & Magn.) and leaf blight (Macrophomina phaseoline Petrak) or. mungbean for two seasons. Dincoap gave best control of powdery mildew, resulting in maximum yield and monetary gain. Carbendazim was the most effective against anthracnose and leaf blight also resulting in maximum yield, but was next only to captan and mancozeb in terms of monetary benefits.
Synthesis, Sequential Crystallization and Morphological Evolution of Well‐Defined Star‐Shaped Poly(<i>ε</i>‐caprolactone)‐<i>b</i>‐poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) Block Copolymer (2006)

Abstract Summary: Well‐defined star‐shaped poly( ε ‐caprolactone)‐ b ‐poly( L ‐lactide) copolymers (PCL‐ b ‐PLLA) were synthesized via sequential block copolymerization, and their molecular weights and arm length ratio could be accurately controlled. Both differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallization of both the PLLA and PCL blocks within the star‐shaped PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymer could be adjusted from the arm length of each block, and both blocks mutually influenced each other. The sequential isothermal crystallization process of both the PLLA and PCL blocks within the PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymers was directly observed with a polarized optical microscope, and the isothermal crystallization of the PCL segments was mainly templated by the existing spherulites of PLLA. Moreover, the PLLA blocks within the star‐shaped PCL‐ b ‐PLLA copolymer progressively changed from ordinary spherulites to banded spherulites when the arm length ratio of PCL to PLLA was increased while concentric spherulites were observed for the linear analog. Significantly, these novel spherulites with concentric or banded textures and the morphological evolution of the spherulites have been observed for the first time in the PCL‐ b ‐PLLA block copolymers. magnified image
The Roles of Motilin and Ghrelin in Gastrointestinal Motility (2010)

In structure, ghrelin resembles motilin. The two peptides are considered to be members of the motilin-ghrelin peptide family. Motilin is considered to be an endocrine regulator of the interdigestive migrating contractions, the fasted motor pattern in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It has been reported that ghrelin stimulates GI motility. The gastrokinetic capacity of ghrelin has been well documented in the rodent. However, there have been few positive reports of the gastrokinetic capacity of ghrelin in dogs. Some reports with human subjects have shown that an i.v. ghrelin injection accelerated gastric emptying of a meal and improved meal-related symptoms. These results suggest that ghrelin has potential as a prokinetic. However, it seems unlikely that plasma ghrelin would play a physiological role in these digestive physiological events and stimulate gastric emptying, as these outcomes would appear to be in contradiction with the suppression of the endogenous release of ghrelin after eating. The physiological roles of ghrelin need to be clarified.