gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF COBALT(II) WITH TRI-n-BUTYL PHOSPHATE FROM AQUEOUS-ORGANIC SOLUTIONS (1986)

ABSTRACT Cobalt(II) has been extracted by 50% (v/v) TBP solution in benzene from HC1, HBr, and LiC1 solutions containing water miscible alcohols and nonbesic and basic aprotic solvents. All solvents used caused the distribution ratio of Co(II) to increase due to diminished water activity and shifts in equilibria of cobalt(II) complexes in solutions. Hexamethylphosphor-triamide (HMPTA) has been found to behave exceptionally in that it extracted Co(II) from LiC1 solutions into neat benzene and in the presence of TBP induced a weak synergism caused by extraction of at least two mixed solvates.
3D group-cross symmetrical inductor: A new inductor architecture with higher self-resonance frequency and Q factor dedicated to advanced HR SOI CMOS technology (2008)

During past years, High Resistivity (HR) SOI CMOS technology has emerged as a promising one for the integration of RF applications, mainly because of the improvement of passive component related to HR substrate. In this trend, 3D symmetrical spiral inductor (3DSI) has been proposed on SOI to lower the amount of area consumed by inductor while offering comparable performance than equivalent bulk technology. This paper presents a novel 3D structure group-cross symmetrical spiral inductor (3DGCSI), which has higher self-resonance frequency and quality factor, but has the same DC inductance and occupies the same layout area as 3DSI. Measurement data of 3DGCSI and 3DSI are compared with each other to show the advantages of this new inductor structure.
Impact of oxidative stress on IVF (2008)

Gametes and embryos are natural sources of free radicals. When manipulated in vitro during assisted reproductive techniques, these cells run the risk of generating and being exposed to supraphysiological levels of reactive oxygen species. It is therefore clear that free radicals and oxidative stress can have a significant impact on IVF outcome. This review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in the etiology and pathophysiology of human IVF, as well as considering different strategies and approaches to be followed to prevent the harmful effects of oxidative stress on IVF.
The last barrier: on-chip antennas (2013)

This paper has presented a comprehensive overview of on-chip antennas, which remain the last bottleneck for achieving true SoC RF solutions. CMOS remains the mainstream IC technology choice but is not well suited for on-chip antennas, requiring the use of innovative design techniques to overcome its shortcomings. Codesign of circuits and antennas provide leverage to the designer to achieve optimum performance. The layout of on-chip antennas is dictated by foundry specific rules whereas characterization of on-chip antennas requires special text fixtures. For future highly integrated SoC solutions, foundries will have to provide special layers for efficient on-chip antenna implementations, as they currently do for on-chip inductors. In many of the emerging applications such as THz communication, implantable systems and energy harvesting, on-chip antennas have shown immense potential and are likely to play a major role in shaping up future communication systems.
Downlink WCDMA receivers based on combined chip and symbol level equalisation (2005)

Abstract In this paper, we consider iterative receiver techniques for the downlink in WCDMA systems (UMTS FDD mode). We start from the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver (at symbol level), which is time varying and hence too complex to implement. By applying polynomial expansion (PE) to the LMMSE receiver, an iterative solution is obtained in which the complexity per iteration becomes comparable to twice that of the Rake receiver. Our one contribution is to replace the channel matched filter by a channel equaliser within this PE to accelerate the convergence of the iterations. We also investigate various scenarios for the introduction of non‐linearities in the PE scheme that are particularly applicable to the multicode case of the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) mode since it is well known that non‐linearities in the PE scheme lead, in fact, to the parallel interference canceler (PIC). Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Non iterative LDPC decoding by syndrome generation using Artificial Neural Network (2015)

Low density parity-check code (LDPC) is an error correcting code used in noisy communication channel (e.g. AWGN) to reduce the probability of error in information. By using LDPC codes, this probability can be made comparatively small, so that the data transmission rate can be as close to Shannon's limit. The decoding of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes by iterative process of belief propagation gives challenges for designers looking for real time performance in communication systems. This thesis work proposes the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to replace belief propagation to approach closer to Shannon's limit more closer than other traditional decoding methods. This thesis is intended to design a new methodology to decode LDPC codes in Non-iterative manner with the help of ANN and Look Up Table (LUT). This work is at initial stage and will be extended for better performance.
Optical Detection and Sizing of Single Nanoparticles Using Continuous Wetting Films (2013)

The physical interaction between nanoscale objects and liquid interfaces can create unique optical properties, enhancing the signatures of the objects with subwavelength features. Here we show that the evaporation on a wetting substrate of a polymer solution containing submicrometer or nanoscale particles creates liquid microlenses that arise from the local deformations of the continuous wetting film. These microlenses have properties similar to axicon lenses that are known to create beams with a long depth of focus. This enhanced depth of focus allows detection of single nanoparticles using a low-magnification microscope objective lens, achieving a relatively wide field-of-view, while also lifting the constraints on precise focusing onto the object plane. Hence, by creating these liquid axicon lenses through spatial deformations of a continuous thin wetting film, we transfer the challenge of imaging individual nanoparticles to detecting the light focused by these lenses. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the detection and sizing of single nanoparticles (100 and 200 nm), CpGV granuloviruses, as well as Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria over a wide field-of-view of 5.10 × 3.75 mm(2) using a 5× objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.15. In addition to conventional lens-based microscopy, this continuous wetting-film-based approach is also applicable to lens-free computational on-chip imaging, which can be used to detect single nanoparticles over a large field-of-view of >20-30 mm(2). These results could be especially useful for high-throughput field analysis of nanoscale objects using compact and cost-effective microscope designs.
A Low-Power Hybrid RO PUF With Improved Thermal Stability for Lightweight Applications (2015)

Ring oscillator (RO)-based physical unclonable function (PUF) is resilient against noise impacts, but its response is susceptible to temperature variations. This paper presents a low-power and small footprint hybrid RO PUF with a very high temperature stability, which makes it an ideal candidate for lightweight applications. The negative temperature coefficient of the low-power subthreshold operation of current starved inverters is exploited to mitigate the variations of differential RO frequencies with temperature. The new architecture uses conspicuously simplified circuitries to generate and compare a large number of pairs of RO frequencies. The proposed nine-stage hybrid RO PUF was fabricated using global foundry 65-nm CMOS technology. The PUF occupies only 250 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area and consumes only 32.3 μW per challenge response pair at 1.2 V and 230 MHz. The measured average and worst-case reliability of its responses are 99.84% and 97.28%, respectively, over a wide range of temperature from -40 to 120 °C.
Activated protein C signals through the thrombin receptor PAR1 in endothelial cells (2003)

The anti-inflammatory effects of activated protein C (APC) have lead to its recent approval for the treatment of sepsis. Although the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays a crucial role in APC's protective roles in septicemia, the precise signaling mechanism of the protease APC remains unclear. In fibroblast overexpression systems, we find that APC activates protease activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 2 in an EPCR-dependent manner. Human endothelial cells (HUVECs) express PAR1, PAR2 and EPCR. Stimulation of HUVECs with either APC, or specific receptor activating peptides for PAR1 or PAR2, show that all three agonists induce a very similar set of early response genes as assessed by high density microarray analysis. Only the transcript for monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was selectively induced by APC and the PAR1 agonist, but not by the PAR2 agonist. APC-mediated MAP kinase phosphorylation and gene induction were inhibited by cleavage blocking antibodies to PAR1, demonstrating that APC signals exclusively through PAR1 in endothelial cells. MCP-1 is protective in animal models of endotoxemia, suggesting that APC may prevent lethality in sepsis by inducing MCP-1 expression through EPCR-dependent activation of endothelial cell PAR1. These data demonstrate unexpected protective functions of the major thrombin receptor PAR1 in endothelial cells.
Isolation of structural genes for yeast RNA polymerases by immunological screening. (1986)

A lambda gt11 yeast genomic library was screened with antibodies directed against yeast RNA polymerases A, B, and C. Thirty-five individual recombinant phages that expressed proteins in Escherichia coli that were antigenically related to RNA polymerases A, B, or C were isolated by using 22 distinct antisera. Thus, all 22 genes for the RNA polymerase subunits were potentially cloned. In three cases (lambda A-43, lambda A-40, and lambda A-34.5), an antigenic protein was expressed in E. coli with the same molecular weight as the corresponding subunit. When lambda A-40 DNA was used to hybrid-select yeast mRNA, the protein translated in vitro was the expected size for the A-40 subunit, further supporting our isolation of the A-40 gene. However, mRNA hybrid selected by lambda A-27 DNA did not code for a protein of the correct size. The lengths of the mRNA that hybridized to phage lambda A-190 or lambda C-160 DNA on RNA blots were in agreement with the predicted sizes of the coding regions of the corresponding genes. As predicted by our previous immunological results, yeast DNA inserts of the lambda A-190 and lambda C-160 clones cross-hybridized to the B-220 subunit gene. The cloned genes for the RNA polymerase subunits will prove to be valuable tools for the study of the function, regulation, and genetics of the yeast RNA polymerases.
Inhibition of tetraspore adhesion in Champia parvula (Rhodophyta) (1995)

Tetraspores of the marine red alga Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey attached initially to plastic or glass coverslips by extracellular mucilage. Following germination, adhesive rhizoids provided further anchorage. When newly released, floating tetraspores were exposed to cycloheximide, tunicamycin, sodium molybdate or Con A, adhesion was inhibited. These results indicate that proteins, glycoproteins, sulphated polysaccharides, and α-D-mannose or α-D-glucose respectively are all necessary for adhesion. When the biosynthesis inhibitors or Con A were added to attached tetraspores, they did not detach. This suggests that adhesion is not maintained via synthesis of proteins, glycoproteins or sulphated polysaccharides and that α-D-mannose or α-D-glucose maintain adhesion by contacting the substrate and are therefore unavailable to Con A.Newly released, floating tetraspores killed with H2SO4 or sodium azide did not attach; therefore viability is necessary for this process. On the other hand, attached tetraspores did not detach when killed with sodium azide or de-ionized water, but dead spores detached when their mucilage was damaged by H2SO4, The mucilage can be disrupted by enzymes, as tetraspores detached in the presence of the enzymes β-galactosidase, protease, cellulase, α-amylase, hyaluronidase, sulphatase, and mannosidase.
Frame-based matching algorithms for input-queued switches (2003)

We focus on input-buffered packet switches, which are traditionally controlled slot-by-slot with heuristic approximations (such as iSLIP) of maximum weight or size matching algorithms. We consider instead a frame-based control strategy, in which f slots are grouped in a frame, and contentions are solved only at frame boundaries. A number of frame-based heuristics is described, and simulation is used to show that our approach provides performance advantages over a slot-by-slot control in a number of traffic scenarios.
Statistical multiplexing of data and encoded voice in a transparent intelligent network (1977)

The paper describes the work done thus far in the development of a means of statistically multiplexing data and encoded voice in a transparent and intelligent network called TI-NET. A review of previous work in packetized voice transmission in a conventional packet switched network (ARPANET) has revealed problems related to large fixed and variable transmission delays. These problems result in degradations in speech quality in the form of time scale distortion and gaps due to very late or lost packets. The paper shows that TI-NET has various features which counter the above problems, and thereby make it appear very suitable for encoded voice transmission.The paper describes a software implementation of a protocol for encoded voice transmission which takes advantage of the 60 to 65% idle time in conversations (one way) so that only active periods in speech need be transmitted; this is not possible with present frame synchronous vocoders which transmit continuously.The paper describes the present experimental TI-NET which consists of two nodes (PDP11's) joined by a 9.6 kb/s link. For convenience the protocol for encoded voice transmission has been implemented in the TI-NET nodes, and the transparent transmission of data and encoded voice has been demonstrated. With regard to packetizing synchronous messages within TI-NET, a new protocol is described (and has been implemented) for padding partially filled “minipackets” that are likely to occur at the end of most synchronous messages.In addition, the paper discusses the features of another aspect of TI-NET, i.e. satellite extension nodes, which are used to enable both local and remote regions of high data concentration to access the subnet through 12-14 GHZ satellite links. It is shown that the advantages of accessing TI-NET by satellite extension nodes (as compared to accessing a conventional packet switched network by terrestrial facilities), include lower communication costs, greater accuracy and security, and smaller entrance delay.Finally, the paper describes an experiment in which data and encoded voice was transmitted from a TI-NET node at Carleton University, Ottawa, at 9.6 kb/s in “multiuser” packets, over the Hermes (CTS) satellite to NASA AMES Research Center in California, where it was looped back and returned to the same TI-NET node.The significance of the work described in the paper is that it represents an important step in the development of a transparent and intelligent public network capable of transmitting encoded voice (at 9.6 kb/s and lower rates) and data. Such a network can serve as an integrated system for data and voice and provide cost benefits to its users through savings in bandwidth of the order of 50 to 1, by statistically multiplexing data with vocoded voice.
An Approach to Assigning In Vitro Potency to Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins Based on the Inhibition of Prothrombin Activation and Catalysis of Thrombin Inhibition (1988)

Unfractionated and low molecular weight (LMW) heparins with good antithrombotic activity invariably catalyze thrombin inhibition and inhibit the appearance of thrombin activity in contact-activated plasma. Conversely, the antithrombotic efficacy of LMW heparins decreases as their ability to catalyze thrombin inhibition and to inhibit the appearance of thrombin activity in plasma decrease. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) has proven a reliable test for assaying unfractionated heparin. We therefore compared 2 unfractionated and 3 LMW heparins on the basis of the minimum concentrations required to double the APTT of normal plasma and by then determined how this anticoagulant effect was achieved. The amount of unfractionated and LMW heparin which doubled the APTT was found to be equivalent to approximately 0.25 antithrombin units. This concentration of each glycosaminoglycan completely inhibited prothrombin activation for 45 s after CaCl2 was added to contact-activated plasma; accelerated thrombin inhibition by purified antithrombin III by approximately 50-fold; and accelerated thrombin inhibition equally by antithrombin III in undiluted plasma. This concentration of the three LMW heparins increased, by approximately 70-fold, the rate of factor Xa inhibition by purified antithrombin III compared to the 50-fold increase seen with the two unfractionated heparins. These results thus suggest that tests based on the inhibition of prothrombin activation and/or on the catalysis of thrombin inhibition provide a useful basis for assigning in vitro potency to both unfractionated and LMW heparins.
Hybrid Silicon Lasers: The Final Frontier to Integrated Computing (2010)

Silicon photonics may revolutionize the 21st century by bringing together two technological areas that transformed the 20th—photonics and microelectronics. Here, the team that pioneered optically and electrically pumped silicon lasers describes their groundbreaking work and where this exciting field is headed.
Water-Salinity Variations in the Ivishak and Sag River Reservoirs at Prudhoe Bay (1997)

Summary More than 2,000 chloride-concentration measurements made on extracted water from oil-base-mud cores show areal and vertical varia-tions in the salinity of Ivishak and Sag River reservoir brines. These data compare favorably with compositional analyses of produced and extracted water, spontaneous-potential (SP) analyses, and resistivity-log calculations. In calculating water saturations with the Archie equation, it was critical that variations in resident water resistivity be recognized. This paper describes the variations observed and the work done to validate the extent and magnitude of the salinity variations.
Personal and population genomics of human regulatory variation (2012)

The characteristics and evolutionary forces acting on regulatory variation in humans remains elusive because of the difficulty in defining functionally important noncoding DNA. Here, we combine genome-scale maps of regulatory DNA marked by DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) from 138 cell and tissue types with whole-genome sequences of 53 geographically diverse individuals in order to better delimit the patterns of regulatory variation in humans. We estimate that individuals likely harbor many more functionally important variants in regulatory DNA compared with protein-coding regions, although they are likely to have, on average, smaller effect sizes. Moreover, we demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity in the level of functional constraint in regulatory DNA among different cell types. We also find marked variability in functional constraint among transcription factor motifs in regulatory DNA, with sequence motifs for major developmental regulators, such as HOX proteins, exhibiting levels of constraint comparable to protein-coding regions. Finally, we perform a genome-wide scan of recent positive selection and identify hundreds of novel substrates of adaptive regulatory evolution that are enriched for biologically interesting pathways such as melanogenesis and adipocytokine signaling. These data and results provide new insights into patterns of regulatory variation in individuals and populations and demonstrate that a large proportion of functionally important variation lies beyond the exome.
PLATE FIXATION OF ODONTOID FRACTURES WITHOUT C1–C2 ARTHRODESIS (2009)

We had promising results using anterior plate fixation for surgical treatment of odontoid fractures that did not allow interfragmentary fracture compression. Because this method avoids the rigid fixation of the atlantoaxial joint in contrast to techniques of posterior cervical arthrodesis, it seems to be a practical option for the management of fracture types that require additional stabilization of the odontoid.
Binding sites of copper<sub>2+</sub> in chitin and chitosan. An electron spin resonance study (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding sites of copper2+ in chitin and chitosan. An electron spin resonance studyShulamith SchlickCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 1, 192–195Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00155a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00155a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Methods and Parameters for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (2011)

Adaptive traffic signal control is a promising technique to alleviate traffic congestion. This paper focuses on the development of an adaptive traffic signal control system using Reinforcement Learning (RL) as one of the efficient approaches to solve such stochastic closed loop optimal control problem. A generic RL control engine is developed and applied to a multi-phase traffic signal at an isolated intersection in Downtown Toronto in a simulation environment. Paramics, a microsimulation simulation platform, is used to train and evaluate the adaptive traffic control system. This paper investigates the following dimensions of the control problem: (1) RL learning method, (2) traffic state representation, (3) action selection method, (4) traffic signal phasing scheme, (5) reward definition, and (6) variability of flow arrivals to the intersection. The RL controller is benchmarked against optimized pretimed control under all the tested cases. The RL agent achieves 48% less delay compared to optimized pretimed control.