gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining Metallasupramolecular Chemistry with Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: Synthesis of Large Molecular Cages (2010)

Ru-built cube: By combining metallasupramolecular chemistry with dynamic covalent chemistry, complex nanostructures can be formed. Large cages are synthesized by reaction of trinuclear metallamacrocycles containing pendant aldehyde groups (see picture; Ru blue, aldehyde linkers green) with triamines (red). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of 2-[(2-Oxobenzothiazolin-3-yl)methyl]- 5-aminoalkyl/aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2004)

Ten 2-[(2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-yl)methyl]-5-aminoalkyl/aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by their FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectral data, as well as their elemental analyses. The compounds were tested for antinociceptive activity. Among these compounds, 2-[(2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-yl)methyl]-5-aminomethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (5a) was found to be significantly more active than the others and the standards in all the tests.
Virus Transfer from Surf to Wind (1977)

Bubbles in the sea surf adsorb and carry viruses to the surface where they are propelled into the air on tiny jets of seawater when the bubble bursts. The ejected jets become tiny drops of aerosol. The bubble adsorption and virus concentration in the surf is analogous to industrial bubble levitation processes that concentrate metallic ores, enzymes, and finely divided organic crystals. Bubble levitation of viruses deliberately injected into the surf produced 200 times more virus per milliliter in the aerosol than were present in samples from the surf. Some aerosol drops created by the surf and carried by the wind fall out on the beach. The frequency of virus-bearing drops, that is, the number of plaques on seeded plates exposed on the beach, decreased exponentially with the distance downwind from the surf.
Duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format and its application to 100GHz-spaced 8×43-Gbit/s DWDM unrepeatered transmission over 163 km (2001)

We propose the duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format; its bandwidth is less than 100 GHz at 43 Gbit/s. 100GHz-spaced DWDM unrepeatered transmission is demonstrated over 163 km at +10 dBm/channel with the crosstalk penalty less than 1dB.
Cascaded Nine-Level Inverter for Hybrid-Series Active Power Filter, Using Industrial Controller (2009)

An industrial controller, specifically designed for two- and three-level converters, was adapted to work on an asymmetrical nine-level active power filter (APF). The controller is now able to make all required tasks for the correct operation of the APF, such as current-harmonic elimination and removal of high-frequency noise. The low switching-frequency operation of the nine-level converter was an important advantage in the application of the industrial controller. In addition, with the nine-level filter, switching losses were significantly reduced. The filter was designed to work as voltage source and operates as harmonic isolator, improving the filtering characteristics of the passive filter. The control strategy for detecting current harmonics is based on the “ p-q theory ” and the phase-tracking system in a synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop. The dc-link voltage control is analyzed together with the effect of controller gain and delay time in the system's stability. Simulations for this application are displayed and experiments in a 1-kVA prototype, using the aforementioned industrial controller, were tested, validating the effectiveness of this new application.
Suspended sediments measured in the surf zone (1977)

Suspended sediments were measured optically within the surf zone at Torrey Pines Beach, California.Sediment laden water was sampled through three intake nozzles which were mounted on a tower along with the optical sensor (nephelom- eter) which was in line with the sediment laden water which
CHARMM Additive All-Atom Force Field for Phosphate and Sulfate Linked to Carbohydrates (2011)

Presented is an extension of the CHARMM additive all-atom carbohydrate force field to enable the modeling of phosphate and sulfate linked to carbohydrates. The parameters are developed in a hierarchical fashion using model compounds containing the key atoms in the full carbohydrates. Target data for parameter optimization included full two-dimensional energy surfaces defined by the glycosidic dihedral angle pairs in the phosphate/sulfate model compound analogs of hexopyranose monosaccharide phosphates and sulfates, as determined by quantum mechanical (QM) MP2/cc-pVTZ single point energies on MP2/6-31+G(d) optimized structures. In order to achieve balanced, transferable dihedral parameters for the dihedral angles, surfaces for all possible anomeric and conformational states were included during the parametrization process. In addition, to model physiologically relevant systems both the mono- and di-anionic charged states were studied for the phosphates. This resulted in over 7000 MP2/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-31G+(d) model compound conformational energies which, supplemented with QM geometries, were the main target data for the parametrization. Parameters were validated against crystals of relevant monosaccharide derivatives obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and larger systems, namely inositol-(tri/tetra/penta) phosphates non-covalently bound to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and oligomeric chondroitin sulfate in solution and in complex with cathepsin K protein.
Role of inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2005)

Purpose of review Products of hepatic macrophages and lymphocytes are acknowledged regulators of liver injury and repair. Recent studies have identified inflammatory modulators from sources within and outside the liver that are critical to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review will focus on these developments to clarify how inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue and the liver interact to mediate the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent findings Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis are extremely prevalent in obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome results from abnormal production of various adipose-derived and liver-derived factors that modulate energy substrate flux to coordinate tissue anabolism and catabolism. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome produce a relative excess of proinflammatory factors. Some factors inhibit hepatic fat disposal and promote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes. The latter induces sustained hepatic generation of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly when the hepatic innate immune system becomes Th-1 polarized. Although chronic inflammation induces production of various profibrogenic factors, progression to latter stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is relatively unusual in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. This may reflect requirements for additional factors that become abundant only in individuals who have additional defects in hepatic innate immunity. Summary Obesity and the metabolic syndrome represent chronic inflammatory states and are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver injury that ensues is dictated by metabolic and immunomodulatory factors that are produced by adipose tissue and within the liver.
Brk/Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 Phosphorylates p27 <sup>KIP1</sup> , Regulating the Activity of Cyclin D–Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (2015)

Cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) are overexpressed in a variety of tumors, but their levels are not accurate indicators of oncogenic activity because an accessory factor such as p27(Kip1) is required to assemble this unstable dimer. Additionally, tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation of p27 (pY88) is required to activate cdk4, acting as an "on/off switch." We identified two SH3 recruitment domains within p27 that modulate pY88, thereby modulating cdk4 activity. Via an SH3-PXXP interaction screen, we identified Brk (breast tumor-related kinase) as a high-affinity p27 kinase. Modulation of Brk in breast cancer cells modulates pY88 and increases resistance to the cdk4 inhibitor PD 0332991. An alternatively spliced form of Brk (Alt Brk) which contains its SH3 domain blocks pY88 and acts as an endogenous cdk4 inhibitor, identifying a potentially targetable regulatory region within p27. Brk is overexpressed in 60% of breast carcinomas, suggesting that this facilitates cell cycle progression by modulating cdk4 through p27 Y phosphorylation. p27 has been considered a tumor suppressor, but our data strengthen the idea that it should also be considered an oncoprotein, responsible for cyclin D-cdk4 activity.
Micro-ribonucleic acids: potential noninvasive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Each year, more than 500,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with HCC. The onset of HCC is typically unnoticeable, and the prognosis is usually poor. The early diagnosis of HCC and dynamic monitoring of this disease can contribute to more effective therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes. To achieve early diagnosis, more sensitive, specific, and easily detectable biomarkers are necessary. Recently, scientists have focused on identifying novel, sensitive, and minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. By negatively regulating target-gene expression, miRNAs play a critical role in diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and developmental timing. Unique changes in miRNA expression in serum or plasma samples from HCC patients have been reported, suggesting that miRNAs may serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing HCC and evaluating therapeutic responses or as potential therapeutic targets in HCC. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the role of miRNAs in HCC pathogenesis and progression, and highlights their diagnostic and prognostic value for HCC patients.
Epigenetics in Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Due to few early symptoms and a lack of early detection strategies, most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Most of these patients, although initially responsive, eventually develop drug resistance. In this chapter, epigenetic changes in ovarian cancer are described. Various epigenetic changes including CpG island methylation and histone modification have been identified in ovarian cancer. These aberrations are associated with distinct disease subtypes and present in circulating serum of ovarian cancer patients. Several epigenetic changes have shown promise for their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive capacity but still need further validation.In contrast to DNA mutations and deletions, epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible by epigenetic therapies. Promising preclinical studies show epigenetic drugs to enhance gene re-expression and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models.
Fuzzy-Logic-Based Terrain Identification with Multisensor Fusion for Transtibial Amputees (2014)

Terrain identification is essential for the control of robotic transtibial prostheses to realize smooth locomotion transitions. In this paper, we present a real-time fuzzy-logic-based terrain identification method with multisensor fusion. Five locomotion features, including the foot inclination angle at the first strike, the shank inclination angle at the first strike, foot strike sequence, the foot inclination angle at mid-stance, and the shank inclination angle at toe-off, are used to identify different terrains and terrain transitions. These features are measured by the fusion of two triaxis gyroscopes, two triaxis accelerometers, two force sensitive resistors, and a timer, which can be embedded into the prosthesis. Based on these features, a fuzzy-logic-based identification method is proposed to identify five terrains: level ground, stair ascent, stair descent, ramp ascent, and ramp descent. Moreover, a transition constraint function is developed to improve the identification performance. The execution time of the identification method is 0.79 ms ± 0.02 ms (mean ± standard error of mean) and continuous terrain identification results show that the method can be operated online in real time. The average identification accuracy of 98.74% ± 0.32% is obtained from experiments with six able-bodied and three amputee subjects during steady locomotion periods (no terrain transition). In locomotion transition periods, all the eight transitions we studied are correctly identified and the average identification delay is 9.06% ± 3.46% of one gait cycle.
Session-based access control in information-centric networks: Design and analyses (2014)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed recently to improve the efficiency of content delivery in current IP networks. ICN employs data names, instead of host addresses, as routing and forwarding indicators. Content in the ICN carries only signature of the content provider but does not contain the identity of the content consumer by default. Such information is, however, essential for many of the web applications, such as email, online social networking, online game, e-commerce, and other session-based web services. In this paper, we propose a session-based access control (SAC) mechanism for ICN scenario to bridge the gap. Key distribution protocols are designed to protect the confidentiality of the content during information delivery. We also employ a dynamic naming scheme to enhance user privacy. According to security analysis, our access control mechanism can provide communication security and privacy protection for both sides of the session. Our design can be easily applied to session-based applications in ICN with negligible overhead.
Virtual Radiation Fields—A Virtual Environment Tool for Radiological Analysis and Simulation (1997)

AbstractA virtual reality system was developed for computational and graphical modeling and simulation of radiation environments. This system, called Virtual Radiation Fields (VRF), demonstrates the usefulness of radiological analysis in simulation-based design for predicting radiation doses for robotic equipment and personnel working in a radiation environment. The system was developed for use in determining the radiation doses forobotic equipment to be used in tank-waste retrieval operations at the Hanford National Laboratory. As a reference case, specific application is made to simulate cleanup operations for Hanford tank C-106. A three-dimensional model representation of the tank and its predicted radiation levels are presented and analyzed. Tank cleanup operations were simulated to understand how radiation levels change during the cleanup phase and to predict cumulative radiation doses to robotic equipment to aid in the development of maintenance and replacement schedules.
Indian Spices for Healthy Heart - An Overview (2010)

Spices were some of the most valuable items of trade in the ancient and medieval world. Herbalist and folk practitioners have used plant remedies for centuries, but only recently have scientist begun to study the powers of common herbs and spices. In the current set-up, the anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory effects of spices have overriding importance, as the key health concern of mankind nowadays is diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, arthritis and cancer. Spices or their active compounds could be used as possible ameliorative or preventive agents for these health disorders. Spices are rich in antioxidants, and scientific studies suggest that they are also potent inhibitors of tissue damage and inflammation caused by high levels of blood sugar and circulating lipids. Because spices have very low calorie content and are relatively inexpensive, they are reliable sources of antioxidants and other potential bioactive compounds in diet. This review outlines the role of some spices used in the Indian kitchen for its flavour and taste which are potential to maintain a healthy heart.
Deep Learning in Head and Neck Tumor Multiomics Diagnosis and Analysis: Review of the Literature (2021)

Head and neck tumors are the sixth most common neoplasms. Multiomics integrates multiple dimensions of clinical, pathologic, radiological, and biological data and has the potential for tumor diagnosis and analysis. Deep learning (DL), a type of artificial intelligence (AI), is applied in medical image analysis. Among the DL techniques, the convolution neural network (CNN) is used for image segmentation, detection, and classification and in computer-aided diagnosis. Here, we reviewed multiomics image analysis of head and neck tumors using CNN and other DL neural networks. We also evaluated its application in early tumor detection, classification, prognosis/metastasis prediction, and the signing out of the reports. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and potential of these techniques.
Analysis of lipopolysaccharide antigens of<i>Treponema hyodysenteriae</i> (1989)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracts obtained from Treponema hyodysenteriae of serogroups A, B, D and E, and from T. innocens were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), silver-staining, and immunoblotting with hyperimmune rabbit sera. All organisms possessed multiple LPS bands, but their position and number differed. Immunoblotting of LPS with grouping sera identified three or four major antigenic LPS components in the 10-42 kDa range in all organisms: these components were largely specific to each type-organism of a serogroup, and presumably represented group antigens. Although some minor cross-reactivity occurred between LPS from organisms in the different groups, this was insufficient to merit changes to the current LPS serogrouping system for T. hyodysenteriae. Besides this LPS 'complex', other higher-molecular-weight material which appeared to be a common component of the treponemes examined was present in low concentrations. Organisms with different serotypes within a serogroup apparently possessed common LPS bands, but also had unique LPS bands which may account for their serotype specificity. One 'untypable' organism lacked group-specific LPS and was thought to be a mutant of a group B organism. The loss of serogroup LPS by the isolate suggested that this material is an external component of the cell wall. The availability of an atypical organism lacking LPS components may facilitate further studies on the pathogenesis of swine dysentery.
A postfilter for echo and noise reduction avoiding the problem of musical tones (1999)

We address the problem of acoustic echo cancellation and noise reduction for narrow and wide band telephone applications. We combine a conventional echo canceller with a postfilter implemented in the frequency domain and derive an algorithm for the simultaneous attenuation of residual echo and noise. The main goals are a low level natural sounding background noise without artifacts such as musical tones, and an inaudible residual echo. This is achieved by considering the masking properties of the human auditory system. Simulation results verify that these goals are reached, while the distortion of the near end speech is comparable to conventional algorithms.
Spin-orbit splitting of electronic states in semiconductor asymmetric quantum wells (1997)

The spin-orbit splitting in the dispersion relation for electrons in III-V semiconductor asymmetric quantum wells is studied within the standard envelope-function formalism starting from the eight-band Kane model for the bulk. The Rashba spin-orbit splitting in the different subbands is obtained for both triangular and square asymmetric quantum wells. It is shown, for example, that the Rashba splitting in AlAs/GaAs/${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As square quantum wells is of the order of 1 meV and presents a maximum as a function of the well width. The splitting of the excited subband in square and triangular quantum wells is shown to be bigger and smaller than the splitting in the first subband, respectively. A simple single-band approach, employing spin-dependent boundary conditions and approximate coupling parameters, is also introduced and its range of validity assessed. The discussion presented clarifies the treatment of abrupt interfaces, the Ando argument against the splitting, and the use of common approximations such as neglecting the barrier penetration or the energy-dependent corrections to the parameters. Good agreement is found with available experimental data.
Mobility: a VPN perspective [mobile computing] (2004)

Mobile computing is becoming increasingly important due to the rise in the number of portable computers and the desire to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet irrespective of the physical location of the node. Mobile IP, the more popular global mobility solution, was designed to support mobility of a single host. Even though the same protocol can be applied in the case of network mobility, providing connectivity to mobile networks introduces many issues related to the scalability, security and QoS. Instead, a mobile network can be cited as a remote site, trying to establish secured communication with the home network. This view of mobile network solves many issues related to QoS, security and scalability. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibility of using different VPN techniques to provide connectivity for mobile networks and measure the corresponding end-to-end performance of real time traffic and best effort traffic patterns.
Reduced DNA topoisomerase II activity and drug-induced DNA cleavage activity in an adriamycin-resistant human small cell lung carcinoma cell line. (1990)

In a previous study we suggested that, in addition to the reduced Adriamycin accumulation, part of the resistance in an Adriamycin-resistant human small cell lung carcinoma cell line (GLC4/ADR) could be explained by supposing a changed Adriamycin-DNA-topoisomerase II (Topo II) interaction. The present study showed that the Mr 170,000 P-glycoprotein was not overexpressed in GLC4/ADR and that verapamil did not reverse the Adriamycin resistance. GLC4/ADR expressed cross-resistance to teniposide, etoposide, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), and mitoxantrone. Further investigations of the drug-Topo II interaction revealed that the decatenation activity of Topo II was two- to threefold reduced in both cellular and nuclear extracts from GLC4/ADR. Topo I activities appeared similar in extracts from GLC4/ADR and the parental sensitive cell line (GLC4). The slight increase in doubling time from 15 to 18 h, while the cell cycle distribution remained unchanged, could not account for the reduced Topo II activity in GLC4/ADR. Etoposide and m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage was 5-fold reduced in cellular extracts from GLC4/ADR. Inhibition of the decatenation activity of Topo II in the presence of VP-16 and m-AMSA was increased twofold in the cellular extracts from GLC4/ADR. Therefore, these results suggest that resistance of GLC4/ADR to Adriamycin was in part due to the reduced drug-induced formation of the cleavage complex.