gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Natural Losses of <scp>LNAPL</scp> Using <scp> CO <sub>2</sub> </scp> Traps (2014)

Efflux of CO2 above releases of petroleum light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) has emerged as a critical parameter for resolving natural losses of LNAPLs and managing LNAPL sites. Current approaches for resolving CO2 efflux include gradient, flux chamber, and mass balance methods. Herein a new method for measuring CO2 efflux above LNAPL bodies, referred to as CO2 traps, is introduced. CO2 traps involve an upper and a lower solid phase sorbent elements that convert CO2 gas into solid phase carbonates. The sorbent is placed in an open vertical section of 10 cm ID polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe located at grade. The lower sorbent element captures CO2 released from the subsurface via diffusion and advection. The upper sorbent element prevents atmospheric CO2 from reaching the lower sorbent element. CO2 traps provide integral measurement of CO2 efflux based over the period of deployment, typically 2 to 4 weeks. Favorable attributes of CO2 traps include simplicity, generation of integral (time averaged) measurement, and a simple means of capturing CO2 for carbon isotope analysis. Results from open and closed laboratory experiments indicate that CO2 traps quantitatively capture CO2 . Results from the deployment of 23 CO2 traps at a former refinery indicate natural loss rates of LNAPL (measured in the fall, likely concurrent with high soil temperatures and consequently high degradation rates) ranging from 13,400 to 130,000 liters per hectare per year (L/Ha/year). A set of field triplicates indicates a coefficient of variation of 18% (resulting from local spatial variations and issues with measurement accuracy).
TECHNOLOGIES FOR NOTIFICATION SERVICE IN LOCATION-AWARE SERVICE PLATFORM "LOCATIONWARE" (2001)

This paper proposes a key technology for a location-aware notification service as one of special features in the authors' location-based information service platform LOCATIONWARE. The location-aware notification service, that automatically notifies users when they come into close proximity to pre-registered targets, is a new service paradigm in the location-based information service. In this paper, the authors reveal that communication cost reduction is a key issue to launch the new service. In order to solve the issue, they propose to introduce a new cache control mechanism into a terminal and evaluate the cost reductions through the mechanisms
Die Hydrocarboxylierung ungesättigter Verbindungen mit Nickelcarbonyl‐ und Kobaltcarbonyl‐Komplexkatalysatoren (1974)

Abstract Die mittels Nickelcarbonyl‐ oder Kobaltcarbonyl‐Komplex‐katalysatoren bewirkten Synthesen von Carbonsäuren oder Carbonsäurederivaten durch Reaktion ungesättigter Verbindungen mit Kohlenmonoxid und Wasser oder anderen nukleophilen Verbindungen mit beweglichem Wasserstoffatom wurden eingehend untersucht. Hierbei wurde vor allem der Einfluß von cokatalytisch wirksamen tertiären Aminen und Phosphinen auf den Verlauf und die Isomerenbildung bei diesen koordinationskatalysierten Reaktionen studiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß durch Variation der allgemeinen Reaktionsbedingungen, des Katalysatormetalls und des Cokatalysators eine Lenkung der Produkt‐ bzw. Isomerenbildung zu gewünschten Werten hin in gewissen Grenzen möglich ist. Die Versuche wurden am Beispiel verschiedener Monoolefine und Diene mit isolierten und konjugierten Doppelbindungen sowie isomerer n‐Hexensäureester durchgeführt.
Mechanical Properties of Boronized AISI 316, AISI 1040, AISI 1045 and AISI 4140 Steels (2009)

In this study, some mechanical properties of borided and unborided four steels were investigated. Boronizing of steels was performed by powder pack method at 1210 K for 4 h. The hardness of borides, boride layer thickness and room temperature tensile properties were measured and it was observed that hardness and tensile properties strongly depend on chemical composition of steels. In addition, the effect of a notch on impact behavior was examined by conducting the Charpy tests on borided and unborided steels. The greatest notch toughness was found for a steel AISI 316 with a microstructure consisting of different C, Ni and Cr chemical composition compared to AISI 1040, 1045 and 4140 steels.
A system to obtain radiotracer uptake data simultaneously with NMR spectra in a high field magnet (1996)

Radiotracer techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are two complementary methods that are widely used to investigate cardiac metabolism. The authors have now developed a novel gamma photon detector system that will operate within a wide-bore, 9.4 T magnet. With this detector in position, it is possible to acquire radiotracer uptake data while simultaneously collecting NMR spectra. The advantages of this new system are firstly, that it enables correlations between radiotracer and NMR data to be made on individual rat hearts, and secondly that it allows the number of experiments required to obtain results of statistical significance to be greatly decreased. The extension of the authors' system, to one in which positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are acquired simultaneously, clearly has enormous clinical potential. The detector consists of a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal coupled to a magnetic field-insensitive photomultiplier tube by a 72.5 cm long, acrylic light pipe. This detector configuration satisfies the two, conflicting requirements of the crystal being near the sample, and thus in a high magnetic field, and the PMT being in a low magnetic field and thus far from the sample. The performance of the detector is not significantly altered by either the magnetic field or the collection of NMR data and, conversely, the performance of the NMR system is not affected by the presence of the detector. As expected, the light pipe causes a decrease in the amount of scintillation light reaching the photomultiplier tube; however, this does not constitute a significant problem for the sensitivity of the complete detector system. Here, the authors present the technical specifications of their new system together with what they believe are the first examples of simultaneously acquired NMR spectra and /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose (/sup 18/FDG) uptake data, obtained from isolated, perfused rat hearts.
Forensic Applications of DNA Typing (1998)

The initial stages of physical evidence examination are pivotal to the successful resolution of criminal investigations. Recent cases clearly reinforce the notion that methods of evidence collection and preservation will continue to be rigorously scrutinized and challenged in court. This article reviews forensic applications of DNA typing, focusing on the collection and preservation of biological evidence. Topics addressed include physical evidence collection at the crime scene, the forensic laboratory, and the autopsy room. Specific concerns pertaining to different sources of DNA evidence are discussed, as are special collection methods associated with various substrates on which the evidence is deposited.
Concurrent design for optimal quality and cycle time (2001)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Influenza - NSW Health Influenza Pandemic Plan - NSW Health (2010)

Influenza - NSW Health Influenza Pandemic Plan , The NSW Health Influenza Pandemic Plan is a sub-plan to NSW HEALTHPLAN. It provides a strategic framework to aid the NSW health sector prepare for and respond to an influenza pandemic (or other highly transmissible respiratory infections associated with significant morbidity or mortality). Subordinate operational plans are maintained separately.
Virtual tools for imaging of the thorax (2001)

Helical computed tomography (HCT) allows for volume acquisition of the entire thorax during a single apnoea. Combination of HCT acquisition with synchronous vascular enhancement gives rise to HCT angiography (HCTA). In the last decade, HCT and HCTA have revolutionized the diagnosis of thoracic diseases, modifying many diagnostic algorithms. Because HCT provides for a true volume acquisition free of respiratory misregistration, three-dimensional (3D) rendering techniques can be applied to HCT acquisitions. As these 3D rendering techniques present the HCT information in a different format to the conventional transaxial CT slices, they can be summarized as virtual tools. The purpose of this review is to give the readers the most important technical aspects of virtual tools, to report their application to the thorax, to answer clinical and scientific questions, and to stress their importance for patient management, clinical decision making, and research.
Ets-1 is a transcriptional mediator of oncogenic nitric oxide signaling in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (2012)

These data show that Ets-1 is a key transcriptional mediator of oncogenic NO signaling that promotes the development of an aggressive disease phenotype in ER- breast cancer in an Ets-1 and Ras-dependent manner, providing novel clues of how NOS2 expression in human breast tumors is functionally linked to poor patient survival.
Mouse T cells receive costimulatory signals from LIGHT, a TNF family member (2002)

LIGHT is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member and is expressed on activated T cells. Its known receptors are TR2 and LTbetaR on the cell surface, and TR6/DcR3 in solution. TR6/DcR3 is a secreted protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It binds to Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT, and TL1A, all of which are TNF family members. In the present study, we report that solid-phase TR6-Fc costimulated proliferation, lymphokine production, and cytotoxicity of mouse T cells upon T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation. A monoclonal antibody against LIGHT similarly costimulated mouse T cells in their proliferation response to TCR ligation. These data suggest LIGHT, although a ligand, can receive costimulation when expressed on the T-cell surface. Mechanistically, when T cells were activated by TCR and CD28 co-cross-linking, TCR and rafts rapidly formed caps where they colocalized. LIGHT rapidly congregated and colocalized with the aggregated rafts. This provided a molecular base for the signaling machinery of LIGHT to interact with that of TCR. Indeed, LIGHT cross-linking enhanced p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation after TCR ligation. This study reveals a new function and signaling event of LIGHT.
Dynamic Simulation of Annual Energy Consumption in an Office Building by Thermal Resistance - Capacitance Method (1998)

The basic heat transfer process that occurs in a building can best be illustrated by an electrical circuit network. Present paper reports the dynamic simulation of annual energy consumption in an office building by the thermal resistance capacitance network method. Unsteady thermal behaviors and annual energy consumption in an office building were examined in detail by solving the simultaneous circuit equations of thermal network. The results are used to evaluate the accuracy of the modified BIN method for the energy consumption analysis of a large building. Present thermal resistance-capacitance method predicts annual energy consumption of an office building with the same accuracy as that of response factor method. However, the modified BIN method gives 15% lower annual heating load and 25% lower cooling load than those from the present method. Equipment annual energy consumptions for fan, boiler and chiller in the HVAC system are also calculated for various control systems as CAV, VAV, FCU+VAV and FCU+CAV. FCU+CAV system appears to consume minimum annual energy among them.
Enzyme catalysis in the presence of nonaqueous solvents using chloroperoxidase (1974)

Abstract Studies exploring the effect of two nonaqueous solvents on enzyme activity were done using chloroperoxidase as a model system. Chloroperoxidase produced by Caldariomyces fumago is a bifunctional enzyme with halogenating activity at pH 3 and peroxidation activity at pH 5 to 6. Methanol affected both of these activities similarly. Furthermore, methanol and the halogen acceptor, monochlorodimedon, competitively inhibit the reaction. These results are discussed in terms of the site of action of methanol. At 10% methanol concentration, the enzyme retained up to 33% of its activity depending on the monochlorodimedon concentration. Dimethylsulfoxide at 10% concentration permitted up to 47% retention of activity. Its effects on the enzyme are more complex than methanol and are discussed in terms of a transitory inactivation of the enzyme.
THE POWERFUL PLACEBO (1955)

Placebos have doubtless been used for centuries by wise physicians as well as by quacks, but it is only recently that recognition of an enquiring kind has been given the clinical circumstance where the use of this tool is essential "... to distinguish pharmacological effects from the effects of suggestion, and... to obtain an unbiased assessment of the result of experiment." It is interesting that Pepper could say as recently as 10 years ago "apparently there has never been a paper published discussing [primarily] the important subject of the placebo." In 1953 Gaddum<sup>1</sup>said: Such tablets are sometimes called placebos, but it is better to call them dummies. According to the Shorter Oxford Dictionary the word placebo has been used since 1811 to mean a medicine given more to please than to benefit the patient. Dummy tablets are not particularly noted for the pleasure which they give to their recipients.
Signaling through PI3Kgamma: a common platform for leukocyte, platelet and cardiovascular stress sensing. (2006)

The concerted activation of leukocytes and vessels shapes multiple physiological and pathological responses. A large number of these processes shares a common signal transduction platform involving the activation of plasma membrane bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This event is usually amplified by the production of different intra-cellular second messenger molecules. Among these mediators, the phosphorylated lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) produced by phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) has recently emerged as a crucial signal in both vascular and white blood cells. The generation of mice lacking PI3Kgamma showed that the GPCR/PI3Kgamma/PIP3 signaling pathway controls diverse immune modulatory and vascular functions like respiratory burst, cell recruitment, mast cell reactivity, platelet aggregation, endothelial activation as well as smooth muscle contractility. The relative specificity of these events suggests that blocking PI3Kgamma function might turn out beneficial for diseases like inflammation, allergy, thrombosis, and major cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, thus offering a wide range of therapeutic opportunities.
Recent Advances in Near-Net-Shape Fabrication of Al-Li Alloy 2195 for Launch Vehicles (2007)

Recent applications in launch vehicles use 2195 processed to Super Lightweight Tank specifications. Potential benefits exist by tailoring heat treatment and other processing parameters to the application. Assess the potential benefits and advocate application of Al-Li near-net-shape technologies for other launch vehicle structural components. Work with manufacturing and material producers to optimize Al-Li ingot shape and size for enhanced near-net-shape processing. Examine time dependent properties of 2195 critical for reusable applications.
Thin-film media—Current and future technology (1996)

In the last ten years, the fundamental technology of recording media has evolved from particulate to thin film. The introduction of magnetoresistive heads in 1990 has had further impact on the design of thin-film media. Changes in substrates, magnetic films, overcoats, and lubrication form the basis of the evolution. Design concepts and manufacturing considerations for high-areal-density thin-film disks are described in this paper, with reflections on future enhancements required for media of the next generation.
Voice Analysis in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2014)

ABSTRACT Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition that can affect voice as respiration is the source for voice production. There are very few studies available on the analysis of voice in individuals with COPD (asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Purpose of the study The aim of this study was to analyze the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of voice in individuals with COPD. Method The study followed a comparative cross-sectional study design. Sixty-four participants were considered, and they were divided into two groups (group 1: individuals with COPD, n = 32; group 2: normal individuals, n = 32). Acoustic analysis was performed using CSL software. The perceptual analysis was done using CAPE-V. Results The results showed that there was significant difference between the two groups on acoustic measures (lower fundamental frequency, reduced frequency range, increased pitch and amplitude perturbation measures and increased noise measures), and perceptual measures (presence of increased roughness, breathiness, strain). Conclusion We can conclude that COPD has an impact on voice measures as assessed through acoustic and perceptual parameters. These voice deviations may be due to COPD itself or due to the effects of the medication. Clinical implication The findings of this study provide valuable information regarding voice problems in the individuals with COPD so that an appropriate intervention plan can be designed. How to cite this article Shastry A, Balasubramanium RK, Acharya PR. Voice Analysis in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):45-49.
Post-processing NPR effects for video games (2013)

This paper describes different interactive, non photorealistic techniques which can be easily applied to video games. Based on a study of art and games, an emphasis is put on considering NPR tools as basic elements to provide different styles and moods, to convey different emotional and experiential representations of a game. We restrict ourselves to screen based effects, which permits any existing game to use our framework with practically no integration cost. This allows us not only to comply with user preferences in rendering style, but also the creation of multiple gaming experiences out of the same game. We show the resulting effects in an in-house videogame and in standard Unity demos, and show how the users can change the style of the videogame by means of a menu.
On the mystery of the golden angle in phyllotaxis (2004)

ABSTRACT Phyllotaxis, the arrangement of leaves around a stem, shows in the vast majority of cases a regularity in the divergence angle of subsequent leaves which divide the whole circle into regular fractions. These are in most cases rational fractions of two Fibonacci numbers in an alternating series, converging towards the irrational limit of the golden section, corresponding to the golden divergence angle of 137.5 . . . degrees. This peculiarity was a long‐standing mystery. Here, it is related to the evolutionary pressure of optimal light capture for maximal photosynthetic activity. A model is established which relates minimal shadowing for the lower leaves to the divergence angle. Numerical results of this model agree well with semi‐empirical data on the dependence of light capture from the divergence angle. The basic shadow function of the model is also related with the demand of minimal shadowing for the angular separation of leaves and obtain, using elementary number theory, as solution the golden section. Further numerical studies show that the rational approach to the golden section (Schimper–Braun series) is related to the leaf width and the number of leaves of the plant.
Selective amplification of simian immunodeficiency virus genotypes after intrarectal inoculation of rhesus monkeys (1994)

Animal models for sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus can define the influences of virus type, dose, and route of inoculation on infection and clinical outcome. We used an uncloned simian immunodeficiency virus stock (SIVmac) to inoculate cells in vitro and to inoculate rhesus monkeys by intravenous and intrarectal routes. The distribution of virus genotypes present in each of these infection examples was characterized by DNA sequence analysis of viral long terminal repeats (LTRs). Our analysis of LTR sequences from in vitro and in vivo infections revealed three main genotypes: one genotype was observed only for in vitro infection, and two other genotypes were recovered only from infected animals. By comparing animals inoculated with high intrarectal doses of SIVmac and those inoculated with low doses, we demonstrated that unique subsets of the stock were selected after intrarectal infection. Our findings indicate that minor genotypes present in the stock cross the rectal mucosa and are amplified selectively to become prominent in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from acutely infected animals. Studies with a molecular recombinant of SIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequences, SHIV, showed that viral LTR sequences do not undergo especially rapid sequence variation or rearrangement after intrarectal inoculation. The mucosal barrier exerts a significant influence on infection and disease progression by reducing the efficiency of SIVmac infection and by permitting distinct, pathogenic genotypes to become established in the host.
Pindolol augmentation of antidepressant therapy (1998)

Open-label studies strongly suggest that pindolol may accelerate and augment antidepressant response, but controlled studies do not wholly support these findings: only three of six studies clearly demonstrate benefit. Larger, well-designed, controlled trials are needed to determine definitively the effectiveness of pindolol in this context.
Exploratory navigation in large multimedia documents using Context Lenses (2003)

The Context Lens (CL) is a focus plus context visualization and navigation tool particularly suited for navigating large documents, or collections of documents. Context Lenses have been applied successfully to navigating Web pages, video collections and slide presentations. We discuss our experiences both with linear as well as with hierarchical Context Lenses. We focus on the use of information scent in the hierarchical Context Lens, and on supporting an exploratory navigation style in documents. Exploratory navigation is supported by the fact that a CL delays commitment in the user interface through an interaction style called brushing. Brushing lowers the cost of exploring a section of the document and therefore does not only support, but actively encourage an exploratory navigation style. This aspect of Context Lenses is especially valuable for navigation of large amounts of media data on low bandwidth devices, such as wireless PDA.