gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DObjects+: Enabling Privacy-Preserving Data Federation Services (2012)

The emergence of cloud computing implies and facilitates managing large collections of highly distributed, autonomous, and possibly private databases. While there is an increasing need for services that allow integration and sharing of various data repositories, it remains a challenge to ensure the privacy, interoperability, and scalability for such services. In this paper we demonstrate a scalable and extensible framework that is aimed to enable privacy preserving data federations. The framework is built on top of a distributed mediator-wrapper architecture where nodes can form collaborative groups for secure anonymization and secure query processing when private data need to be accessed. New anonymization models and protocols will be demonstrated that counter potential attacks in the distributed setting.
Automated Diagnosis and Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography (2018)

A CAD system for automated diagnosis of NPDR based on macular OCT images from type II diabetics is feasible, reliable, and accurate.
Advocating Noise as an Agent for Ultra-Low Energy Computing: Probabilistic Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Devices and Their Characteristics (2006)

Noise immunity and low-energy computing have become limiting factors in the semiconductor roadmap as transistor feature sizes shrink. The subject of our study is the probabilistic switch, implemented in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) domain, referred to as a probabilistic CMOS (PCMOS) switch, whose behavior is rendered probabilistic by noise. In conducting this study, we are motivated by the possibility of using such probabilistic switches to realize ultra-low energy computing. Based on PCMOS switches realized using 0.5 and 0.25 µm processes, we present detailed analytical models, subsequently verified through HSpice simulations. We consider the thermal noise and power supply noise as our sources for probabilistic behavior. Through one interesting aspect of the study, we characterize the effects of the noise sampling frequency and the output sampling frequency on probabilistic behavior. Finally, we briefly outline the opportunity that such probabilistic switches offer to ultra low-energy computing through the concept of a probabilistic system-on-a-chip (PSoC) architecture (that is based on PCMOS switches); such architectures can achieve significant energy savings and performance improvements at the application level.
Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis. (1983)

A new nutritional product (SF-1008C) containing a high proportion of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and low proportion of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and methionine was tested to see its effect on the impaired protein metabolism and abnormal nutritional state frequently observed in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. A sharp increase in plasma BCAA levels and fall of AAA and methionine levels were found following the administration of an SF-1008C-supplemented diet to healthy controls and cirrhotic patients, which the BCAA levels increased only slightly following an isocaloric control diet. Blood ammonia levels increased within the normal range transiently following the diets. The SF-1008C-supplemented diet was given for 2 weeks to cirrhotic patients with histories of hepatic encephalopathy, who were taking a low-protein diet because of hyperammonemia. Serum prealbumin levels, nitrogen balance, molar ratio of plasma BCAA/phenylalanine and tyrosine, the number connection test and electroencephalograms improved during the period of the experimental diet. The results, therefore, indicate that a BCAA-supplemented diet is well tolerated by patients with advanced cirrhosis and useful for treatment of impaired protein metabolism. Furthermore, this product is beneficial in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics.
Activation of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by urea and guanidine hydrochloride is accompanied by conformational change at the active site (1996)

It has been reported that the activation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L1210 mouse leukaemia cells by KCl or thiol modifiers is accompanied by increased digestibility by proteinases [Duffy, Beckman, Peterson, Vitols and Huennekens (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7028-7033], suggesting a loosening up of the general compact structure of the enzyme. In the present study, the peptide fragments liberated from the chicken liver enzyme by digestion with trypsin in dilute solutions of urea or guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) have been separated by FPLC and sequenced. The sequences obtained are unique when compared with the known sequence of DHFR and thus allow the points of proteolytic cleavage identified for the urea- and GuHCl-activated enzyme to be at or near the active site. It was also indicated by the enhanced fluorescence of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene 6-sulfonate that conformational changes at the active site in dilute GuHCl parallel GuHCl activation. The above results indicate that the activation of DHFR in dilute denaturants is accompanied by a loosening up of its compact structure especially at or near the active site, suggesting that the flexibility at its active site is essential for the full expression of its catalytic activity.
Bioavailability of a New Oral Methoxsalen Formulation (1986)

A new encapsulated liquid preparation of methoxsalen (soft gelatin capsule) was compared with the currently marketed hard gelatin capsule form and with an oral solution of methoxsalen in a random crossover design. Serial serum samples were collected from 25 healthy adult subjects and assayed by a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Additionally, photosensitivity was determined by serial testing in 12 subjects. The soft-capsule formulation resulted in a 59% increase in extent of absorption and in a greater rate of absorption of methoxsalen than from the hard capsule. This was demonstrated by consistently higher peak serum concentrations (225 vs 199 ng/mL), which occurred at earlier times (1.8 vs 3.0 hours) following administration of the soft capsule. Photosensitivity testing confirmed these results, as photosensitivity was greater (9.53 vs 12.68 J/cm2) and reached a maximum earlier (1.5 vs 4.25 hours) following administration of the soft capsule. The soft capsule can be considered equivalent to the oral solution in both serum concentrations (peak concentration, 231 vs 225 ng/mL, and time of peak, 1.6 vs 1.8 hours) and photosensitivity response (maximum photosensitivity, 9.24 vs 9.53 J/cm2, and time of maximum photosensitivity, 1.32 vs 1.50 hours).
Stability and Control of Relative Equilibria of Three-Spacecraft Magnetically Tethered Systems (2008)

In this paper we derive the reduced dynamical equations of motion for a planar threespacecraft magnetic formation. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the relative equilibria for the system. We then show that three spinning configurations satisfy these conditions. Each on of these equilibria describe a family of relative equilibria. Due to the complexity of the resulting equations, we also study the stability and controllability for a given choice of system parameters about one of the found equilibria. For the chosen system parameters, it is shown that the system is unstable yet controllable given a set of control inputs (magnetic dipole moments and control external torques). Finally, we derive linearization-based control laws to stabilize the system about the chosen equilibrium and for the chosen system parameters. This work sets the stage for a future general stability, controllability and control study of three-spacecraft magnetically tethered systems.
Developing a computational tool to assess shadow pattern on a horizontal plane, preliminary results (2010)

BIPV (Building Integration of PV) plays an important role in dense urban environments since most of the energy consumption takes place within cities. Nonetheless, this integration could be difficult to undertake because the shadows projected onto the PV by surrounding obstacles produces mismatches in the electrical performance of the PV modules. This paper presents preliminary results obtained with a computational model developed to evaluate the shading patterns on horizontal plane. The model was implemented in the Mathematica Programming Environment and includes a useful 3-D representation of the idealized building block in order to visualize the effects of its design parameters such as length, width, height, orientation and geographical location on the size and shape of the shaded area on the horizontal plane. These results are critical to design PV systems in urban conditions since it allows to minimize shading losses in urban PV systems increasing their electrical performance.
Adenosine protected against pulmonary edema through transporter- and receptor A<sub>2</sub>-mediated endothelial barrier enhancement (2010)

We have previously demonstrated that adenosine plus homocysteine enhanced endothelial basal barrier function and protected against agonist-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro through attenuation of RhoA activation by inhibition of isoprenylcysteine-O-carboxyl methyltransferase. In the current study, we tested the effect of elevated adenosine on pulmonary endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. We noted that adenosine alone dose dependently enhanced endothelial barrier function. While adenosine receptor A(1) or A(3) antagonists were ineffective, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, NBTI, or a combination of DPMX and MRS1754, antagonists for adenosine receptors A(2A) and A(2B), respectively, partially attenuated the barrier-enhancing effect of adenosine. Similarly, inhibition of both A(2A) and A(2B) receptors with siRNA also blunted the effect of adenosine on barrier function. Interestingly, inhibition of both transporters and A(2A)/A(2B) receptors completely abolished adenosine-induced endothelial barrier enhancement. The adenosine receptor A(2A) and A(2B) agonist, NECA, also significantly enhanced endothelial barrier function. These data suggest that both adenosine transporters and A(2A) and A(2B) receptors are necessary for exerting maximal effect of adenosine on barrier enhancement. We also found that adenosine enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 attenuated adenosine-induced increases in focal adhesion complexes. We further demonstrated that elevation of cellular adenosine by inhibition of adenosine deaminase with Pentostatin significantly enhanced endothelial basal barrier function, an effect that was also associated with enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and with increased focal adhesion complexes and adherens junctions. Finally, using a non-inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea, we found that administration of Pentostatin, which elevated lung adenosine level by 10-fold, not only attenuated the development of edema before ALI but also partially reversed edema after ALI. The data suggest that adenosine deaminase inhibition may be useful in treatment of pulmonary edema in settings of ALI.
The Lumière Autochrome: History, Technology, and Preservation (2013)

This is a thoroughly illustrated guide to the history and technology of autochromes with a practical guide for storage & preservation. Louis Lumiere is perhaps best known for his seminal role in the invention of cinema, but his most important contribution to the history of photography was the autochrome. Engagingly written and superbly illustrated with over 300 images, Lumiere Autochrome tells the fascinating story of the first industrially produced form of colour photography. Initial chapters present the Lumiere family enterprise, set out the challenges posed by early colour photography, and recount the invention, rise, and eventual decline of the autochrome, which for the first four decades of the 20th-century was the most widely used form of commercial colour photography. The book then treats the technology of the autochrome, including the technical challenges of plate fabrication, described in step-by-step detail, and a thorough account of autochrome manufacture. A final chapter provides in-depth recommendations concerning the preservation of these vulnerable objects, including proper storage and display guidelines.
Applied Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction (2002)

Outline Description of the Book Preface Introduction to Partial Differential Equations Linear and Nonlinear First Order Equations and Shock Classification of Equations and Reduction to Standard Form Linear Waves Propogation in One or More Space Dimensions Fourier Series, Legendre and Bessel Functions Background and Separation of Variables with Applications General Results for Linear Elliptic and Parabolic Equations Hyperbolic Systems, Riemann Invariants, Simple Waves and Compound Riemann Problems Bibliography Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Figures
Immunology and Cell Biology (2018)

Graphical Abstract We designed a new NKG2DL CAR, the full-length NKG2D fused to signaling domains of 4-1BB and CD3ζ (chNKBz). The new chNKBz T cells showed stronger in vivo antitumor activities than the two types of NKG2DL CAR-T reported in previous studies.
Physical Insights on Negative Capacitance Transistors in Nonhysteresis and Hysteresis Regimes: MFMIS Versus MFIS Structures (2018)

We present a comprehensive comparison of the two different types of ferroelectric negative capacitance FET (NCFET) structures: metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) and metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS). A new segmentation approach is proposed to simulate MFIS NCFET, which correctly takes care of the nonuniformity in potential and horizontal electric field at the ferroelectric-oxide interface. We show that MFMIS NCFET provides a higher ON-current than MFIS NCFET except for the ferroelectrics with very low remnant polarization (Pr) in the high operating voltage regime. We find that this behavior is caused by a reduction or enhancement of the longitudinal electric field in the channel of MFIS structure depending upon Pr of the ferroelectric and the operating voltage. Moreover, there exists an optimum Pr which provides maximum ON-current for both the devices. We also find that MFIS NCFET is more prone to hysteresis and starts showing a hysteretic behavior at a lower ferroelectric thickness compared with MFMIS NCFET.
Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Express a Distinct Set of Biologically Functional Chemokine Receptors (2005)

Stromal cells isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs), often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells, are currently under investigation for a variety of therapeutic applications. However, limited data are available regarding receptors that can influence their homing to and positioning within the bone marrow. In the present study, we found that second passage BMSCs express a unique set of chemokine receptors: three CC chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR7, and CCR9) and three CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR4, CXCR5, and CXCR6). BMSCs cultured in serum-free medium secrete several chemokine ligands (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL12, CXCL8, and CX3CL1). The surface-expressed chemokine receptors were functional by several criteria. Stimulation of BMSCs with chemokine ligands triggers phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (e.g., extracellular signal-related kinase [ERK]-1 and ERK-2) and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathways. In addition, CXCL12 selectively activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 whereas CCL5 activates STAT-1. In cell biologic assays, all of the chemokines tested stimulate chemotaxis of BMSCs, and CXCL12 induces cytoskeleton F-actin polymerization. Studies of culture-expanded BMSCs, for example, 12-16 passages, indicate loss of surface expression of all chemokine receptors and lack of chemotactic response to chemokines. The loss in chemokine receptor expression is accompanied by a decrease in expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and CD157, while expression of CD90 and CD105 is maintained. The change in BMSC phenotype is associated with slowing of cell growth and increased spontaneous apoptosis. These findings suggest that several chemokine axes may operate in BMSC biology and may be important parameters in the validation of cultured BMSCs intended for cell therapy.
Identification and Isolation of a 155-kDa Protein with Neuropathy Target Esterase Activity (1996)

A method is presented for the isolation of a 155-kDa protein that possesses phenyl valerate hydrolysis activity in the presence of paraoxon but is inhibited by mipafox; the functional definition of neuropathy target esterase (neurotoxic esterase; NTE). Microsomes, isolated from 18-day-old chicken embryos were treated with phospholipase A2 to solubilize the NTE activity. The extract was then combined with polyoxyethylene W1 detergent and resolved by gel filtration chromatography to yield an active fraction with an approximate mass of 200 kDa. This fraction was further purified by preparative isoelectric focusing and native electrophoresis to yield two separate bands possessing NTE activity. The slower migrating band was highly enriched in a 155-kDa protein that was identified as a source of the NTE activity by affinity chromatography using 3-(9′-mercaptononylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one bound to Sepharose CL6B. This represents the first report of the isolation of NTE in its active form and aids in the confirmation of the 155-kDa protein as the most likely candidate for NTE.
Vision-based road-traffic monitoring sensor (2001)

Current techniques for road-traffic monitoring rely on sensors that have limited capabilities and are often both costly and disruptive to install. The use of video cameras (many of which are already installed to survey road networks), coupled with computer vision techniques, offers an attractive alternative to current sensors. Vision-based sensors have the potential to measure a greater variety of traffic parameters (e.g. entry/exit statistics, journey times and incident detection) while installation and maintenance may be performed without disruption to traffic flow. Work on a model based approach for locating vehicles in images of complex road scenes is presented. The location of the vehicle in the image is transformed to the vehicle's position and orientation in the real world while the deformable vehicle model allows the vehicle's principal dimensions to be measured. This data may be passed to a high level tracking algorithm to extract traffic parameters such as vehicle speed, vehicle count, and junction entry/exit statistics. The principal dimensions may be used to classify the vehicle within categories such as car, van or bus. The system could also be used as a boot-strap process for faster, but perhaps less robust, tracking algorithms. The key features of the system are described and results from testing it on images from real traffic scenes are presented.
Fracture Mechanics Applied to Brittle Materials (1980)

This state-of-the-science publication on fracture test techniques for glass, ceramics, rocks, and cementitious composites is a compilation of 14 papers which were presented at the Eleventh National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics, which was held June 12-14,1978, at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.These papers can be grouped into three categories: papers which relate to the theoretical and experimental details of test techniques; papers which describe the applications of these test techniques; and a paper which explains the use of fracture data in life time prediction of structural components.Although Griffith fracture theory was motivated by fracture of glass, its modern application to brittle materials is complicated by the unforgiving nature of such materials.Additional complication is introduced in the high temperature test environment of some structural ceramics.These unique test requirements promote the use of double torsion, notch bend, and short bar specimens which are discussed in detail by Fuller, Pletka, et al., Bansal, et al., and Barker.A unique ceramic fracture specimen which uses an indentation generated surface flaw in a bend specimen is discussed by Petrovic, et al., Marian and Evans.As for material characterization, dynamic fracture response of a birefringent polymer is discussed by Fourney, et al., and Mecholsky, et al., reported on ceramic fracture toughness obtained through fractographic analysis.Fracture toughness of alumina and Westerly granite are reported by Buresch and Schmidt, et al.The complex fracture behavior of cementitious composites is discussed by Naaman, et al.The last paper by Wiederhorn, et al, presents a fracture mechanics approach for improving the reliability of structural ceramics.As is the recent ASTM practice, this STP contains a thorough summary by the editor, S. W.
A STANDARD INOCULUM FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION IN SUBMERGED CULTURE (1954)

A standard vegetative inoculum of Aspergillus niger has been developed for the submerged citric acid fermentation of sugar beet molasses. Increasing the ferrocyanide content and the pH of the seed mash, within limits, decreased the rate of development of the mold pellets whereas increasing the spore inoculum increased the rate of development. Using this "standard" inoculum, an average yield of 8.9% anhydrous citric acid (68.5% conversion of available sugar) was obtained in 116 hr. The standard deviation between runs was 4.5% of the mean citric acid yield. An abrupt breakdown of the fermentation process decreased the yield by 50% and increased the standard deviation to 28.5% of the mean yield. The breakdown was overcome by changing the sporulation medium from a chemically-defined synthetic type to a nutritionally-richer type. Results indicate that serial transfer on a synthetic medium weakened the culture and made the fermentation unstable.
2(1H)-Quinolinones with cardiac stimulant activity. 1. Synthesis and biological activities of (six-membered heteroaryl)-substituted derivatives (1988)

A series of (six-membered heteroaryl)-substituted 2(1H)-quinolinones (1) was synthesized, and structure-activity relationships for cardiac stimulant activity were determined. Most compounds were prepared by acidic hydrolysis of a heteroaryl-2-methoxyquinoline obtained by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling methodology. Direct reaction of a pyridinylzinc reagent with a 6-haloquinolinone also proved successful. In anesthetized dogs, 6-pyridin-3-yl-2(1H)-quinolinone (3; 50 micrograms/kg) displayed greater inotropic activity (percentage increase in dP/dt max) than positional isomers (2, 4-6), and potency was maintained with either mono- (13, 15) or di- (16) alkylpyridinyl substituents. Introduction of a 4- (24) or 7- (25) methyl group into 3 reduced inotropic activity, whereas the 8-isomer (26) proved to be the most potent member of the series. Compound 26 and the 2,6-dimethylpyridinyl analogue (27) were approximately 6 and 3 times more potent than milrinone. Several quinolinones displayed positive inotropic activity (decrease in QA interval) in conscious dogs after oral administration (1 mg/kg), and 26, 27 were again the most potent members of the series. Compound 27 (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg po) demonstrated dose-related cardiac stimulant activity, which was maintained for at least 4 h. No changes in heart rate were observed. Compounds 3, 4, 26, and 27 also selectively stimulated the force of contraction, rather than heart rate, in the dog heart-lung preparation. For a 50% increase in dP/dt max with 27, heart rate changed by less than 10 beats/min. In norepinephrine contracted rabbit femoral artery and saphenous vein, 27 produced dose related (5 X 10(-7) to 5 X 10(-4) M) vasorelaxant activity. The combined cardiac stimulant and vasodilator properties displayed by 27, coupled with a lack of effect on heart rate, should be beneficial for the treatment of congestive heart failure.