gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Chain Aliphatic β-Diketones from Epicuticular Wax of <i>Vanilla </i>Bean Species. Synthesis of Nervonoylacetone (2000)

Analysis of the neutral lipids from Vanilla fragrans and Vanilla tahitensis (Orchidaceae) without saponification resulted in the isolation and identification of a new product family in this plant: beta-dicarbonyl compounds. The compound structures are composed of a long aliphatic chain with 2,4-dicarbonyl carbons and a cis double bond at the n-9 position. They represent approximately 28% of the neutral lipids, that is, 1.5%, in immature beans, and approximately 10% of the neutral lipids, that is, 0.9%, in mature beans. Using retention indices, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, derivatization reactions, and chemical degradation, five beta-dicarbonyl compounds have been identified including 16-pentacosene-2,4-dione, 18-heptacosene-2,4-dione, 20-nonacosene-2, 4-dione, 22-hentriacontene-2,4-dione, and 24-tritriacontene-2, 4-dione. Among them (Z)-18-heptacosene-2,4-dione, or nervonoylacetone, has been synthesized in two steps starting from nervonic acid. The major constituent, nervonoylacetone, represented 74.5% of the beta-dicarbonyl fraction. The range of these compounds has been studied in relation with bean maturity for V. fragrans and V. tahitensis species. This compound family has not been found in the leaves or stems of any of the three vanilla species studied and is markedly absent in the beans of V. madagascariensis.
Complementary Inchworm actuator for high-force high-precision applications (2004)

An inchworm actuator is described which uses complementary configurations for the two clamping sections. In one configuration clamping and release are achieved using high and low voltage respectively while for the other clamping and release are achieved using low and high voltage respectively. The resulting inchworm actuator can be driven by a two-channel controller with the two clamps sharing the first channel and the extender piezoelectric actuator using the second channel. In the coarse positioning mode the direction of motion is determined by whether the extender voltage pulse overlaps the leading or trailing edge of the common clamp pulse. A fine positioning mode can be realized with the common clamp voltage set to 0V and continuous feedback control applied to the extender actuator. The paper also describes a diode-shunted delay circuit that causes unclamping to occur more slowly than clamping. It is shown that by using the delay circuit in series with each clamp, the overall force drive capability of the actuator is increased. The paper presents simulated and experimental results of clamp surface displacement and force vs. time during the switching transient.
Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zum flußmittellosen Löten von Aluminium unter Schutzgas (1972)

Article Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zum flußmittellosen Löten von Aluminium unter Schutzgas was published on December 1, 1972 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 63, issue 12).
Tuning the Field Emission Properties of Patterned Carbon Nanotube Films (2001)

Tuning the electron emission properties of films containing carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. Microcontact printing is used to pattern silicon substrates with catalyst, which facilitates the growth of the carbon nanotubes by the chemical vapor deposition of acetylene. The catalyst is applied in liquid form to an elastomeric stamp prior to transfer to the substrate, and varying the concentration of the catalyst on the solution (“the ink”) directly influences the density of nanotubes on the patterned film.
Experimental characterization procedure for use with an advanced induction machine model (2003)

An advanced induction motor model that includes stator leakage saturation, rotor leakage saturation, magnetizing saturation, and distributed system effects in the rotor circuits has been set forth. This model is considerably more accurate than traditional models, particularly in terms of predicting switching-frequency dynamics. The model proposed is very general in terms of the range of magnetic properties that can be incorporated. This paper provides suggestions for specific forms for the leakage and magnetizing characteristics and derives the resulting small-signal impedance and large-signal steady-state equivalent circuit. Based on these results, a test procedure for experimentally characterizing the machine is developed. The application of the procedure to a 50-hp test machine is included as an example.
Resolvins and protectins: novel lipid mediators in anti-inflammation and resolution (2006)

A well-integrated inflammatory response and its natural resolution are essential to homeostasis. Hence, it is important to achieve a complete understanding of the molecular events that govern termination of acute inflammation. Recent studies uncovered endogenous pathways in inflammatory exudates taken from the resolution phase that actively generate new families of locally acting mediators from the essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These new chemical families were coined resolvins and protectins because in animals specific members of these families control the duration and magnitude of inflammation. Hence, mapping of these resolution circuits, mediators and their target signaling pathways of these potent agonists of resolution has provided new avenues for appreciating the molecular basis of many inflammatory diseases. This overview covers recent advances on the biosynthesis and actions of these novel anti-inflammatory lipid medi ators, with a focus on the stereochemical basis of the potent actions of resolvin E1 and protectin D1. These previously unappreciated families of lipid-derived mediators were originally isolated from experimental murine models of acute inflammation captured during natural self-limited resolution. Since they have proven anti-inflammatory, proresolving, and protective properties in experimental models of disease, it follows that potential defective resolution mechanism(s) may underlie the current appreciation of inflammatory disease phenotype(s). Keywords: anti-inflammatory; aspirin; human leukocytes; lipid mediators
2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Chloride. 3. Utility for Chlorination, Oxidation, Reduction, and Rearrangement Reactions (1999)

2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (1), which can act as a powerful dehydrating equivalent to DCC (2), is also applicable to chlorination, oxidation, reduction, and rearrangement under nearly neutral conditions. The utility of 1 for these reactions is described.
Improved Surface Cleaning by <i>In Situ</i> Hydrogen Plasma for Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

In future, thin wafers (< 100µm) will be employed in silicon heterojunction solar cell to decrease modules cost-per-Watt-Peak. However, in order to maintain excellent cell efficiency a higher device surface/volume ratio will demand stricter requirements on surface passivation. In this frame, the status of the crystalline surface (c-Si) prior to amorphous silicon (a-Si:H(i)) plasma deposition (PECVD) plays an important role: the c-Si chemical termination influences the quality of the interface layer a-Si:H(i)/c-Si, and affect the open circuit voltage (V oc ). Previous studies have shown that smooth and fully hydrogenated c-Si surface [ lead to best quality heterojunction. These surfaces can be obtained by different wet cleaning procedures, usually terminated by an immersion in diluted HF. However, after this step, the wafer surface is highly reactive and can re-oxidize rapidly: contaminants presents in air can be adsorbed and affect wafer passivation [. For this reason, in-situ Hydrogen (H 2 ) plasma cleaning prior to a-Si:H(i) deposition might be an interesting option to decrease the amount of contaminant on the surface. However, the experimental window is extremely narrow, since phenomena like epitaxial growth and ion-bombardment damage can easily occur [[ and worsen the surface passivation operated by a-Si:H(i) layers. In this contribution, we present an in-situ H 2 plasma clean and show a decrease of Oxygen and Carbon on wafer surface after a short time (<10 sec), without detrimental effects on the subsequent passivation.
Response to bortezomib is associated to osteoblastic activation in patients with multiple myeloma (2005)

The prompt response to bortezomib observed in a 63-year-old woman with multiple myeloma was associated with a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After similar elevations were noted in patients responding to bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone combination, ALP levels were analysed in two large bortezomib trials. A statistically significant elevation of ALP from baseline was observed in responding patients (complete and partial responders) within three cycles of therapy. The rise in ALP after bortezomib in three patients was explained by a parallel increase in bone-specific ALP and parathyroid hormone, suggesting that response to bortezomib in myeloma is closely associated with osteoblastic activation.
Observations of Parametric Fluorescence and Oscillation in the Infrared (1973)

Measurements of infrared optical parametric fluorescence are reported for the first time. Using a pump wavelength of 1.064 micro in LiNbO(3) , observations of the fluorescence power, bandwidth, and angular dependence at 1.63 micro are in good agreement with a plane-wave theory. The operating characteristics of two pulsed, internal, doubly resonant parametric oscillators are also reported and compared with predictions of the fluorescence measurements. With measured thresholds on the order of 400-700 W, the two oscillators provided nearly continuous tuning from 1.51 micro to 3.55 micro with average powers of 6 mW and peak powers of 600 W. These powers represent available pump conversion efficiencies of 10% and 50%, respectively. Oscillating bandwidths were only 10% of the fluorescence bandwidth and ranged from 1.7 cm (-1) to 45 cm(-1), depending on the output wavelength. Longitudinal mode structure and multiple pulsing of the oscillators were observed.
Molecular Recognition Induced Supramolecular Array of 2-Aminopyrimidine with Terephthalic Acid, 1,4-Phenylenediacetic Acid and Fumaric Acid in Solid State <i>via</i> H-bonding and π-stacking Interactions* (1999)

Abstract The crystal structures of molecular complexes of 2-aminopyrimidine (2AP) with terephthalic acid (1) (1:1; Complex A), 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (2) (1:1; Complex B) and fumaric acid (3) (1:2; Complex C) were determined. Complex A is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with α = 13.0323(3), b = 23.9443(1), c = 3.7927(1) Å α = β = γ = 90° Z = 4; Dcalc = 1.466 Mg/m3; final R = 0.0384, wR 2 = 0.0939 for 1381 independent reflections. Complex B is orthorhombic, space group Pben with α = 4.5686(1), b = 15.7687(2), c = 20.1621(4) A; α = β = γ = 90° Z = 4; Dcalc = 1.323 Mg/m3; final R = 0.0461, wR 2 = 0.1158 for 1662 independent reflections. Complex C is monoclinic, space group P21/c with α = 3.7946(2), b = 19.1766(7), c = 13.0641(6) Å α = 90°, β = 96.893(1)°, γ = 90° Z = 4; Dcalc = 1.486 Mg/m3; final R = 0.0665, wR 2 = 0.1626 for 2752 independent reflections. 2AP generates supramolecular assembly with 2 and 3 via non-conventional weak C‒H‒O hydrogen bonding. Interestingly only in the case of Complex C, proton transfer occurs to the ring nitrogen of 2AP from 3. A novel hydrogen-bonding motif for the control of solid-state structures has been developed. The motif is based on the hydrogen bonding complementarity of dicarboxylic acids with 2AP.
What to Do with Sub-Diffraction-Limit (SDL) Pixels?-A Proposal for a Gigapixel Digital Film Sensor (DFS) (2005)

This paper proposes the use of sub-diffraction-limit (SDL) pixels in a new solid-state imaging paradigm – the emulation of the silver halide emulsion film process. The SDL pixels can be used in a binary mode to create a gigapixel digital film sensor (DFS). It is hoped that this paper may inspire revealing research into the potential of this paradigm shift. The relentless drive to reduce feature size in microelectronics has continued now for several decades and feature sizes have shrunk in accordance to the prediction of Gordon Moore in 1975. While the “repeal” of Moore’s Law has also been anticipated for some time, we can still confidently predict that feature sizes will continue to shrink in the near future. Using the shrinking-feature-size argument, it became clear in the early 1990’s that the opportunity to put more than 3 or 4 CCD electrodes in a single pixel would soon be upon us and from that the CMOS “active pixel” sensor concept was born. Personally, I was expecting the emergence of the “hyperactive pixel” with in-pixel signal conditioning and ADC. In fact, the effective transistor count in most CMOS image sensors has hovered in the 3-4 transistor range, and if anything, is being reduced as pixel size is shrunk by shared readout techniques. The underlying reason for pixel shrinkage is to keep sensor and optics costs as low as possible as pixel resolution grows. Camera size has recently become highly important in the rapidly expanding camera-phone market place. Concomitant with the miniaturization of camera components such as sensors and optics will be the miniaturization of optical system components such as actuators for auto-focus and zoom in megapixel camera phones. We are now in an interesting phase in the development of image sensors – for both CCDs and CMOS active pixel sensors. The physical dimension of the pixel is becoming comparable to the diffraction limit of light at the wavelengths of interest. A perfect lens can only focus a point of light to a diffraction-limited spot known as an Airy disk and the Airy disk is surrounded by higher order diffraction rings. The Airy disk diameter DA is given by the equation:
Conjugated Microporous Polymer Networks via Yamamoto Polymerization (2009)

The Yamamoto polymerization has been used for the synthesis of conjugated, microporous polymer networks. The polymerization is advantageous as only a single, halogen-functionalized monomer can be used to form polymer networks. Polymer networks are presented based on spirobifluorene and benzene units, which reveal high surface areas of up to 1275 m2/g. Furthermore, copolymerization can be carried out using additionally linear linkers during the polymerization. The nearly regular incorporation of such units into the networks enables to tailor the luminescence properties of the materials.
Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Processed Lowbush Blueberry Products (2000)

ABSTRACT: Temperature, pH, and oxygenation of extracted blueberries were examined to determine how processing may affect the antioxidant capacity of blueberry food products. Extraction of fruit at 60 °C resulted in higher recovery of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, compared to extracts obtained at 25 °C. Subsequent room temperature storage resulted in losses in anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity only in those extracts obtained at 60 °C. Antioxidant capacity was greatest in pH 1 extracts, compared to extracts at pH 4 and 7. Oxygenation was detrimental to both anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity of processed products was positively correlated with anthocyanin (R = 0.92) and phenolic content (R = 0.95), and negatively correlated with % polymeric color (R = ‐0.64). In general, products that had experienced less processing had a higher antioxidant capacity. Simple colorimetric tests for anthocyanins and phenolics proved to be useful indicators of antioxidant capacity in processed products.
The Effect of Bacterial Contamination on Neointimal Hyperplasia in Vascular Grafts (2006)

Neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is the most significant contributing factor to long-term vascular graft failure. Inflammation is known to be important in its development; however, the role of bacterial infection is unclear. We examined the effect of contamination with common organisms on the development of NH in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Thirty adult pigs were randomized into one of four groups: no infection, contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, mucin-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft (6 mm x 3 cm) was placed as a common iliac artery interposition graft and was inoculated with 1-2 x 10(8) of the selected organism before closure. Grafts were explanted 6 weeks postoperatively. Microbiologic, histological, and morphometric evaluations were performed. All grafts were patent at the time of euthanasia. The mean areas of NH were 5.45 mm(2) in sterile grafts, 8.36 mm(2) in S. aureus, 7.63 mm(2) in S. epidermidis, and 11.52 mm(2) in P. aeruginosa grafts. Comparison of means via analysis of variance showed that P. aeruginosa grafts had significantly higher formation of NH than sterile grafts (P = 0.025). NH production in infected grafts appears to be organism specific and is significantly higher with P. aeruginosa than common Gram-positive organisms. Increased NH from subclinical infection may be a significant factor contributing to late graft failures.
THE NATURE OF THE BLEEDING IN JAUNDICE (1938)

The cause of hemorrhage in the patient with jaundice remains a clinical enigma. Although the incident of serious bleeding is relatively low, the gravity of the problem lies in the fact that its occurrence cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty either clinically or by means of the common laboratory methods now available. In recent years the subject has been discussed repeatedly, and thorough historical summaries have been presented by Judd, Snell and Hoerner,<sup>1</sup>Carr and Foote,<sup>2</sup>Moss<sup>3</sup>and others. No attempts will therefore be made to give another comprehensive review of this problem. My purpose in this paper is to present experimental observations made in studying the coagulation of blood which furnish significant information on the nature of cholemic bleeding and to offer practical suggestions for the management of the jaundiced patient. For the proper understanding and evaluation of these new observations, a short and
Room-Temperature-Cured Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers from Aqueous Dispersion (1981)

Abstract The observations are consistent with the formation of grafts of hydrophilic silicates to the silanol chain ends at the surface of the PDMS emulsion particles prior to removal of the water. The silicates may be introduced into the system directly or through the alkaline colloidal silica, which contains appreciable amounts of dissolved silicates. Monomeric, or possibly dimeric, silicate grafted to more than one chain end could migrate to the interior of the PDMS emulsion particle to form further crosslinks. Grafts to higher molecular weight silicates and silicate grafts bearing anionic charge would be solvated with water and tend to remain at the oil-water interface. This could provide steric as well as ionic stabilization to the PDMS particles, and the system would no longer respond to electrolytes as a simple, ionically stabilized, hydrophobic colloid but more as a hydrophilic colloid resembling silica. The role of the dioctyltin dilaurate is to interact in the water phase with the water-soluble silicates to render them, in effect, hydrophobic and to transport them to the oil-water interface. There the dialkyltin species can catalyze condensation between silanol on the silicate with silanol on the PDMS chain ends. Alkyltin acylates are known to hydrolyze in aqueous alkaline media, and the product can condense with silanol on the silicate to form silastannoxane intermediates. These are relatively stable to hydrolysis, provided bulky groups are present on tin as in dioctyltin dilaurate.
Monolithic LTCC SiP transmitter for 60GHz wireless communication terminals (2005)

We demonstrate a 36 times 12 times 0.9mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> sized compact monolithic LTCC SiP transmitter (Tx) for 60GHz-band wireless communication terminal applications. Five GaAs MMICs including mixer, driver amplifier, power amplifier and two of frequency doublers have been integrated onto LTCC multilayer circuit which embeds a stripline BPF and a microstrip patch antenna. A novel CPW-to-stripline transition has been devised integrating air-cavities to minimize the associated attenuation. The fabricated transmitter achieves an output of 9dBm at a RF frequency of 60.4GHz, an IF frequency of 2.4GHz, and a LO frequency of 58GHz. The up-conversion gain is 11.2dB; while the LO signal is suppressed below 33.4dBc, and the spurious signal is also suppressed below 27.4dBc. This is the first report on the LTCC SiP transmitter integrating both a BPF and an antenna. A 60 GHz communication was demonstrated
Las garantías constitucionales y la tutela judicial efectiva (2004)

Inicialmente aborda a questao das garantias constitucionais, quanto a saber se elas sao declaracoes genericas e abstratas de direitos ou se situam-se no plano pratico simplesmente por constarem na Constituicao.
Em seguida, analisa o conceito de garantias a partir do Direito Constitucional, assinalando como aporte significativo a vertente do “contrato social” e a consequente consideracao da Constituicao como expressao escrita ou formal do contrato. Enumera as diferentes fontes de que se nutre o conceito de garantias e destaca como contribuicao maior a que vem do Direito Internacional pela afirmacao do principio pro homine, contido na Declaracao das Nacoes Unidas de 1948.
Sustenta que a real vigencia das liberdades individuais esta condicionada a existencia de garantias que as protejam em caso de serem vulneradas, podendo-se afirmar que elas fazem o Estado de Direito. Por fim, propoe a reconstrucao do contrato social pela valoracao do sistema democratico como garantia do jogo politico e como o âmbito mais favoravel ao desenvolvimento dos direitos humanos.
Production of a Family of Kinase-inhibiting Lactones from Fungal. (1999)

During the course of our screening for natural products from fungi, extracts of several cultures were found to make a family of related resorcylic acid lactone compounds, which are potent inhibitors of MEK kinase. Comparative and empirical studies of fermentation conditions improved the titers of the compounds of interest. Striking changes in the ratios and amounts of the major and minor compounds in some cases were achieved by manipulations of media composition.
Plasma-breakdown retropulse isolators for the infrared (1981)

The design and performance of a passive plasma isolator for suppressing retropulses in high-power CO(2) laser-fusion systems are described. The device uses a gas-filled spatial filter designed to produce a plasma at the focal plane iris. General design criteria for these isolators are discussed, and the performance of a specific isolator is evaluated. For the unit tested, retropulse attenuations of 33 dB for focal plane intensities of 1.5 TW/cm(2) have been demonstrated.
Fiber-optic multifunction devices using a single GRIN-rod lens for WDM transmission systems (1982)

A series of passive fiber-optic devices, which includes a new type multiplexer-demultiplexer for WDM transmission, has been developed. The multiplexer-demultiplexer is composed of a single GRIN-rod lens and interference filters. Small in size, it has low-loss and high-isolation characteristics by means of direct attachment of filters on the fiber and the lens end. Total loss and cross talk for a pair of two-channel multiplexer-demultiplexers for two LEDs are <3.0 dB and less than -30 dB, respectively. By this method, multifunction devices such as multiplexer-demultiplexers with an optical switch can be constructed using a single lens.