gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cusp shape reflectors to pump disk or slab lasers (1976)

A two-dimensional ray tracing program is used to predict the performance of lighthouses to pump disk or slab lasers. The model is tested by comparing calculations with the results of light intensity and fluorescence measurements. Pumping efficiency and uniformity are investigated as functions of lamp spacing in a configuration employing cusp shape and plane back reflectors. It is found that doubling the number of lamps from an arrangement that provides optimal coupling brings an improvement in pumping of typically 60%.
Purification and Characterization of Fimbriae of Vibrio cholerae O1, Classical Biotype, Inaba Serotype (1989)

Fimbrial subunits have been shown to share common antigenicities between Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor and biotype classical (Ehara et al., 1987). The above fact was confirmed by western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. Net-work and bundle formations were observed in the fimbrial preparations by immunoelectron microscopy. Purified fimbriae of Vibrio cholerae O1, classical biotype possessed haemagglutination activity (HA) against chicken erythrocytes. This HA was inhibited in the presence of D-mannose but not by L-fucose. Antigenic determinants of the fimbriae were exposed on the sides of the fiber. The low hydrophobicity of the fimbriae molecule revealed by the amino acid composition suggests that the fimbriae may interact with epithelial cells not by hydrophobic interaction. Development of the antibody against fimbrial subunit of V. cholerae O1 was confirmed in the blood sera obtained from convalescent cholera patients.
Effects of Surface Features on Adsorption of SO<sub>2</sub> on Graphite Oxide/Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub> Composites (2010)

Zirconium hydroxide/graphene composites were synthesized from zirconium chloride and graphite oxide with the content of the graphene component between 5 and 50%. They were used as adsorbents of sulfur dioxide at ambient conditions. The initial and exhausted materials were characterized using adsorption of nitrogen, infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The results indicated enhanced adsorption of SO2 on the composites, which is linked to the formation of new basic sites and porosity as a result of interactions between zirconium hydroxide units and the oxygen groups attached to the graphene layers. Both physical adsorption and reactive adsorption of SO2 via formation of sulfites play a role in the retention process. The graphene component catalyzes oxidation of SO2 and leads to the formation of sulfates.
Shape Effect in Nanoparticle Self‐Assembly (2004)

Particle anisotropy determines the way nanoparticles self-assemble, as shown in the picture. Gold and silver spheroids, rods, and plates with length-to-width ratios ranging from 1 to 25 show different liquid-crystalline order structures. These structures are analogous to the entropy-driven ordering that occurs at high volume fractions and is useful for large-scale ordering or shape separation.
Primitive operator digital filter synthesis using a shift biased algorithm (2003)

A graph-based synthesis technique has been developed which allows digital filters to be realized with significantly reduced numbers of primitive arithmetic operations. Previously presented work has relied on the use of unity-gain graph edges. These methods are extended by the authors to permit the inclusion of edges with gains which may assume any power of two. This facilitates a tradeoff between addition or subtraction and shift operations which can be beneficial in many implementations. For VLSI implementations especially, judicious placement of processing elements, routing, and allocation of pipeline registers, make for an efficient filter implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neutrino Opacities at High Temperatures and Densities (1975)

view Abstract Citations (218) References (25) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Neutrino Opacities at High Temperatures and Densities Tubbs, David L. ; Schramm, David N. Abstract A detailed calculation is made of the major cross sections contributing to neutrino opacities at high temperatures and densities such as those encountered in gravitational collapse. These calculations include the effects of neutral currents, where applicable, and electron degeneracy. The processes considered are electron-neutrino scattering (including both electron and muon neutrinos and antineutrinos), neutrino-nucleon absorption and scattering, and coherent neutrino scattering. Results for these interactions are also given for the average energy transferred by the neutrino as well as the mean scattering angle (thus yielding momentum transfer). Subject headings: dense matter neutrinos - opacities Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: October 1975 DOI: 10.1086/153909 Bibcode: 1975ApJ...201..467T full text sources ADS | Related Materials (1) Erratum: 1976ApJ...205..308T
Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production (2018)

Measurements taken before and after the commissioning of three wind farms reveal that the wind speeds just upstream of each wind farm decrease relative to locations farther away after the turbines are turned on. At a distance of two rotor diameters upstream, the average derived relative slowdown is 3.4%; at seven to ten rotor diameters upstream, the average slowdown is 1.9%. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations point to wind-farm-scale blockage as the primary cause of these slowdowns. Blockage effects also cause front row turbines to produce less energy than they each would operating in isolation. Wind energy prediction procedures in use today ignore this effect, resulting in an overprediction bias that pervades the entire wind farm.
Antibiogram of bacteria isolated from River Niger within Lokoja Metropolis. (2014)

Water samples were collected from five different locations ( Jimgbe, Gadumo, Ganaja, Adankolo and Old Market) along River Niger in Lokoja metropolis and analyzed microbiologically and physicochemically using standard methods. Susceptibility of isolated bacteria to commercial antibiotics was also assessed. The results showed that pH( at 25-27 0 C) ranged from 7.0 to 8.0, temperature ranged from 29 to 31 o C, chloride level ranged from 0.32 to 2.04 mg/ml, alkalinity ranged from 8.755 to 8.905 mg/ml, bicarbonate ranged from 1.933 to 2.010 mEq/l, turbidity ranged from 5 to 10 NTU, total solid ranged between 0.075 to 0.321 mg/ml, total suspended solid ranged between 0.002 to 0.180 mg/ml while total dissolved solid ranged between 0.023 to 0.420 mg/ml. The mean total viable count ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 x 10 5 CFU/ml while mean total coliform count ranged from 0 to 8.0 x 10 5 CFU/ml. The most probable number (MPN) count ranged from 1600 to ≥ 2400 MPN/100ml. Predominant bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Baccilus sp, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Eschericia coli Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella sp. The antibiogram carried out using the disc diffusion technique showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to Erythromycin and least to Ampiclox, Baccilus sp most sensitive to Streptomycin and Rocephin and least to Ampiclox. Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella sp were highly sensitive to all antibiotics, Eschericia coli most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin and resistant to others while Shigella dysenteriae were highly sensitive to Tarivid and resistant to Amoxacillin and Streptomycin. The resistance of Eschericia coli to 80% of the antibiotics tested is of public health concern. Keyword: Antibiogram, Physico-chemical Susceptibility, Resistant, River Niger
Low-frequency vibrotherapy considerably improves the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) in patients with lipedema: A two-armed, randomized, controlled pragmatic trial (2018)

<b>Purpose</b>: Although the exact prevalence of lipedema is unknown the number of women suffering from this condition is ever-growing. When treated conservatively, manual lymphatic drainage is regarded the gold standard. However, the rate of its effectiveness varies considerably with some women showing minimal to no improvement depending on severity of the disease and medical history. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty female patients diagnosed with lipedema stage 2-3 referred to physiotherapeutic treatment were randomly allocated to either six treatments of MLD or to six treatments of combined MLD and vibrotherapy treatment. Outcome parameters were the volume of lipedema at four locations of either the lower (<i>n</i> = 29) or the upper extremities (<i>n</i> = 1), as well as quality of life. <b>Findings</b>: A very large superiority of effectiveness was found for the combined treatment. Reduction of the sizes of lipedema varied between 1.1 < <i>d</i> < 3.2. These patients' quality of life was also considerably better (<i>d</i> = 1.0). <b>Conclusions</b>: Combining MLD with vibrotherapy treatment drastically enhances the effectiveness of treating lipedema.
Wearable Video Retrieval and Navigation System using GPS Data (2010)

We have investigated a wearable video system to capture our experiences by a wearable camera, microphone and some sensors including GPS receiver, etc. GPS receiver was used to record the user's tracks and identify the location of user's experiences by latitude and longitude coordinates. GPS receiver can also extract time, speed and direction that are benefit contexts for wearable video navigation. Thus, we attempt to use available data from GPS to extract the key events from wearable video. In this paper, we propose a wearable video retrieval and navigation by using GPS data. Our system provides two types of navigation functions including key frame based navigation and location based navigation. Key frame based navigation is used to extract the key frames from wearable video to summarize the video contents. Location based navigation can be used to retrieve the wearable video based on user's tracks by using a map. Both of them have the relationship and interfaces to present each other. We demonstrate the key frame extraction techniques based on moving speed detection, directional change detection and the comparison between time and distance sampling. The key frame extraction techniques were evaluated based on the performance to detect landmarks and desired events. The results showed that the navigation system using GPS data is helpful to retrieve and extract the key events during traveling scenes in daily life.
Efficient high-power CH3F 496-μm laser systems (1976)

Many different configurations, both cw and pulsed, have been reported for a 496- μ m CH 3 F laser optically pumped with a CO 2 laser; however, none as yet has both the high efficiency and good beam quality required for plasma diagnostics applications. 1-4 Simple superradiant geometries using multimode TEA CO 2 lasers have produced peak powers > 1 MW, but in pulses with subnanosecond structure. 2 Complicated cavity geometries have yielded smooth pulses but only at lower powers, and both methods have a photon conversion efficiency (number of 496- μ m quanta/number of CO 2 quanta absorbed) of only ~5%.
Molar mass distribution and solubility modeling of asphaltenes (1996)

Abstract Attempts to model asphaltene solubility with Scatchard‐Hildebrand theory were hampered by uncertainty in molar volume and solubility parameter distribution within the asphaltenes. By considering asphaltenes as a series of polyaromatic hydrocarbons with randomly distributed associated functional groups, molar volume and solubility parameter distributions are calculated from experimental measurements of molar mass and density. The molar mass distribution of Athabasca asphaltenes is determined from interfacial tension and vapor pressure osmometry measurements together with plasma desorption mass spectrometry determinations from the literature. Asphaltene desnities are calculated indirectly from mixtures of known concentration of asphaltene in toluene. Asphaltene density, molar volume, and solubility parameter are correlated with molar mass. Solid‐liquid equilibrium calculations based on solubility theory and the asphaltene property correlations successfully predict experimental data for both the precipitation point and the amount of precipitated asphaltenes in toluene‐hexane solvent mixtures.
Influence of molecular packing and phospholipid type on rates of cholesterol exchange (1988)

The rates of [14C]cholesterol transfer from small unilamellar vesicles containing cholesterol dissolved in bilayers of different phospholipids have been determined to examine the influence of phospholipid-cholesterol interactions on the rate of cholesterol desorption from the lipid-water interface. The phospholipids included unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC's) (egg PC, dioleoyl-PC, and soybean PC), saturated PC (dimyristoyl-PC and dipalmitoyl-PC), and sphingomyelins (SM's) (egg SM, bovine brain SM, and N-palmitoyl-SM). At 37 degrees C, for vesicles containing 10 mol% cholesterol, the half-times for exchange are about 1, 13, and 80 h, respectively, for unsaturated PC, saturated PC, and SM. In order to probe how differences in molecular packing in the bilayers cause the rate constants for cholesterol desorption to be in the order unsaturated PC greater than saturated PC greater than SM, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and monolayer methods were used to evaluate the cholesterol physical state and interactions with phospholipid. The NMR relaxation parameters for [4-13C]cholesterol reveal no differences in molecular dynamics in the above bilayers. Surface pressure (pi)-molecular area isotherms for mixed monolayers of cholesterol and the above phospholipids reveal that SM lateral packing density is greater than that of the PC with the same acyl chain saturation and length (e.g., at pi = 5 mN/m, where both monolayers are in the same physical state, dipalmitoyl-PC and palmitoyl-SM occupy 87 and 81 A2/molecule, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Solubilization of vitamin C in fish oil and synergistic effect with vitamin E in retarding oxidation (1991)

Abstract Antioxidative effects of ascorbic acid and δ‐tocopherol on the oxidation of sardine oil stored at 30°C in the dark has been investigated. It was found from phase diagrams and peroxide values of fish oil/lecithin/water systems that the desirable levels of lecithin and water to solubilize ascorbic acid in the oil were 0.3% (w/w) and 0.1% (w/w), respectively. When ascorbic acid (0.02%) and δ‐tocopherol (0.4%) were used together, the induction period of fish oil could be lengthened 22‐fold, due to their synergism. They could inhibit the production of carbonyl and volatile compounds and oxidative polymerization.
A survey of European activity on coplanar waveguide (2002)

An overview of current European coplanar waveguide (CPW) work is presented. Although early work in Europe was directed at developing closed-form analytic expressions for Z/sub 0/ and in /sub eff/ of a number of variants of CPW, much of the current work is application-oriented. Among the topics examined are CPW filters, mixers, couplers, and wideband electrooptic modulators. Work is also in progress on developing CAD (computer-aided design) data for CPW discontinuities, while theoretical work continues.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ionic flexogelectric effect in polymeric gels (1996)

Reported are a number of quantitative observations and analytical modeling of a new effect in ionic polymeric gels such as poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) or PAMPS, polyacrylic acid plus sodium acrylate cross-linked with bisacrylamide (PAAM) or various chemically-doped combinations of polyacrylic acid plus polyvinylalcohol(PAA-PVA). This new effect, hereafter, referred to as "Flexogelectric Effect" is basically the inverse of the effect originally reported in 1965 by three GE researchers, namely, Hamlen, Kent and Shafer in which the imposition of an electric field on an ionic polymeric gel fiber produced extension or contraction. Here, it is shown , both theoretically and experimentally, that mechanically induced nonhomogeneous deformations, and in particular bending of strips of such ionic gels can produce an electric field and the associated voltage. For typical samples of such gels (4x4x4Omm) with copper or platinum foil electrodes snugly contacting a pair of opposite sides (4x4Omm) of the strip, the difference in voltage measured between the electrodes for extreme bending configurations of the gel is typically in the 10's of milivolts range. This voltage difference which is quite significant for many engineering applications, such as large strain and deformation sensing, is still an order of magnitude smaller than the voltage necessary to induce similar deformations in the gel itself. A plausible explanation is also presented for such discrepancies.
<sup>11</sup>C-Loperamide and Its<i>N</i>-<i>Desmethyl</i>Radiometabolite Are Avid Substrates for Brain Permeability-Glycoprotein Efflux (2008)

Both 11C-loperamide and its putative radiometabolite 11C-dLop are avid P-gp substrates. 11C-dLop may be superior to 11C-loperamide in measuring P-gp function at the blood-brain barrier, because further demethylation of 11C-dLop will generate radiometabolites that have little entry into the brain.
A High Performance Memory Key-Value Database Based on Redis (2019)

This paper proposes a high-performance memory key-value database Redis++. In the memory management mechanism, Redis++ can apply and release a fixed-size memory segment from the system. The data in each memory segment is stored consecutively, and the memory is reclaimed based on the profit evaluation value. Secondly, a cache-friendly hash index structure is designed and the structure uses two-level index which can solve the hash collision to complete per search which needs cache mapping only once if possible. In addition, using the SIMD instruction set to realize instruction-level parallelism, which speeds up the search efficiency of the secondary index. The experiments prove the effect of Redis++ on memory utilization, system latency, and throughput.
Noise reduction on speech codec parameters (2004)

The transmission of speech in mobile or packet networks requires the use of a speech codec. In order to improve the quality of speech in a noisy environment, a noise reduction algorithm is used. This noise reduction can either be done as pre-processing before speech encoding or in the network by decoding the bitstream, performing the speech enhancement in the time and/or frequency domain and re-encoding the speech. Both methods are computationally expensive. In this paper a new approach to reduce environmental background noise by modifying the codec parameters is discussed.
Research on the topology of wireless energy transfer device (2008)

Aiming at the practical applications of novel wireless energy transfer, the mathematical model for wireless energy transfer devices based on intermediate frequency resonant is established in this paper. Based on the electromagnetic fields sine-band theory, the transfer scheme using lumped parameters is designed. It is proved that using the resonator with a high quality factor value and coupling coefficient matched resonant frequency leads to a bigger transfer energy and a longer distance. A correction method in this band is proposed based on the analysis of the resonator characteristics in the intermediate frequency electromagnetic field. The method makes it possible to transfer more energy over a longer distance. It is demonstrated that about 23 W electric power can be transferred with the distance of 0.7 m in the experiment.
Adaptive ankle–foot orthoses based on superelasticity of shape memory alloys (2014)

This article presents two innovative adaptive solutions for the ankle–foot orthosis based on mechanical and structural stiffness control of shape memory alloys. These concepts address gait abnormality in drop foot patients for various walking conditions such as different walking speeds. In the first design, a superelastic rod provides variable torsional stiffness that is adjusted by a controlled axial load. In the second design, the active length of superelastic hinge is adjusted in order to control the bending stiffness of the element. By adjusting the stiffness, variable level of compliance is achieved at the ankle. In both concepts, during powered plantarflexion in the stance phase of the gait, energy is stored in the shape memory alloy element. Release of this energy through superelasticity enables the ankle–foot orthosis to provide the desired controlled dorsiflexion motion in the sagittal plane and to raise the foot during the swing phase of the gait. The ultimate goal is to assist the patients in achieving a more natural gait and to prevent muscle atrophy. For the presented designs, numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate the stiffness properties of the active component under different gait speeds. To this end, experimental data of human gait are used to calculate the variation in ankle stiffness. The superelastic elements mimic the experimental ankle stiffness profiles.
GraphBuilder (2013)

Graph abstraction is essential for many applications from finding a shortest path to executing complex machine learning (ML) algorithms like collaborative filtering. Graph construction from raw data for various applications is becoming challenging, due to exponential growth in data, as well as the need for large scale graph processing. Since graph construction is a data-parallel problem, MapReduce is well-suited for this task. We developed GraphBuilder, a scalable framework for graph Extract-Transform-Load (ETL), to offload many of the complexities of graph construction, including graph formation, tabulation, transformation, partitioning, output formatting, and serialization. GraphBuilder is written in Java, for ease of programming, and it scales using the MapReduce model. In this paper, we describe the motivation for GraphBuilder, its architecture, MapReduce algorithms, and performance evaluation of the framework. Since large graphs should be partitioned over a cluster for storing and processing and partitioning methods have significant performance impacts, we develop several graph partitioning methods and evaluate their performance. We also open source the framework at https://01.org/graphbuilder/.
Federated Machine Learning (2020)

In recent times, machine gaining knowledge has transformed areas such as processer visualisation, morphological and speech identification and processing. The implementation of machine learning is frim built on data and gathering the data in confidentiality disturbing circumstances. The studying of amalgamated systems and methods is an innovative area of modern technological field that facilitates the training within models without gathering the information. As an alternative to transferring the information, clients co-operate together to train a model be only delivering weights updates to the server. While this concerning privacy is better and more adaptable in some circumstances very expensive. \n\nThis thesis generally introduces some of the fundamental theories, structural design and procedures of federated machine learning and its prospective in numerous applications. Some optimisation methods and some privacy ensuring systems like differential privacy also reviewed.