gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand inhibits adipocyte differentiation (1999)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. The PPARgamma subtype plays a central role in the regulation of adipogenesis and is the molecular target for the 2, 4-thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs. Structural studies have revealed that agonist ligands activate the PPARs through direct interactions with the C-terminal region of the ligand-binding domain, which includes the activation function 2 helix. GW0072 was identified as a high-affinity PPARgamma ligand that was a weak partial agonist of PPARgamma transactivation. X-ray crystallography revealed that GW0072 occupied the ligand-binding pocket by using different epitopes than the known PPAR agonists and did not interact with the activation function 2 helix. In cell culture, GW0072 was a potent antagonist of adipocyte differentiation. These results establish an approach to the design of PPAR ligands with modified biological activities.
Active Compensation of the Input Filter Capacitor Current in Single-Phase PFC Boost Converters (2006)

Single-phase PFC boost converters use an input filter capacitor to limit propagation of the switching noise into the AC line. Reactive current drawn by the capacitor from the line is negligible at 60 Hz but increases in magnitude significantly in applications with higher line frequencies (360-800 Hz in future aircraft power systems) such that the total power factor of the converter is no longer unity. The paper proposes a method for canceling the capacitor current using an adapted leading-phase admittance cancellation technique. Bidirectional converters allow complete, load-independent, line-frequency-independent cancellation of the input capacitor current. Unidirectional converters allow load-independent, line-frequency-independent, unity-power-factor operation with substantial reduction but not complete elimination of the switching ripple in the line current
Neonatal Hemolytic Anemia Due to Inherited Harderoporphyria: Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Basis (1998)

Porphyrias, a group of inborn errors of heme synthesis, are classified as hepatic or erythropoietic according to clinical data and the main site of expression of the specific enzymatic defect. Hereditary coproporphyria (HC) is an acute hepatic porphyria with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by deficient activity of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (COX). Typical clinical manifestations of the disease are acute attacks of neurological dysfunction; skin photosensitivity may also be present. We report a variant form of HC characterized by a unifying syndrome in which hematologic disorders predominate: harderoporphyria. Harderoporphyric patients exhibit jaundice, severe chronic hemolytic anemia of early onset associated with hepatosplenomegaly, and skin photosensitivity. Neither abdominal pain nor neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed. COX activity is markedly decreased. In a first harderoporphyric family, with three affected siblings, a homozygous K404E mutation has been previously characterized. In the present study, molecular investigations in a second family with neonatal hemolytic anemia and harderoporphyria revealed two heterozygous point mutations in the COX gene. One allele bore the missense mutation K404E previously described. The second allele bore an A-->G transition at the third position of the donor splice site in intron 6. This new COX gene mutation resulted in exon 6 skipping and the absence of functional protein production. In contrast with other COX gene defects that produce the classical hepatic porphyria presentation, our data suggest that the K404E substitution (either in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state associated with a mutation leading to the absence of functional mRNA or protein) is responsible for the specific hematologic clinical manifestations of harderoporphyria.
The role of three-dimensional printing in healthcare and medicine (2020)

Different three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques are being increasingly used to produce medical apparatus due to their ability to print intended designs with high dimensional accuracy. Indeed, the major credit for the broad use of 3D printing techniques in medical fields stems from the ability of this method to prepare patient-matched devices due to the conventional manufacturing methods limitations such as economically inefficiency and multiple steps processing for complex geometries. This review manuscript aims to present brief insights of various 3D printing concepts and technologies used in the medical field. Biomaterials and bioprinting are pinpointed. Finally, the pharmaceutical potentials of 3D printing are discussed.
Suppression of hot carrier effects by laterally graded emitter (LGE) structure in BiCMOS (2002)

A novel device structure, called a laterally graded emitter LGE structure, is studied for high-reliability BiCMOS LSI. In the LGE structure, by adding a low-impurity concentration region (N/sup -/ region) near the surface to the N/sup +/ emitter, the peak electric field between emitter and base in reduced and hot carrier effects due to the reverse bias of the emitter-base junction are suppressed. The optimized N/sup -/ emitter maintains the high performance of a bipolar transistor and improves the tolerance against the reverse bias stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Building Mosaics of Therapeutic Plasmid Gene Vectors (2011)

Plasmids are circular or linear DNA molecules propagated extra-chromosomally in bacteria. Evolution shaped plasmids are inherently mosaic structures with individual functional units represented by distinct segments in the plasmid genome. The patchwork of plasmid genetic modules is a convenient template and a model for the generation of artificial plasmids used as vehicles for gene delivery into human cells. Plasmid gene vectors are an important tool in gene therapy and in basic biomedical research, where these vectors offer efficient transgene expression in many settings in vitro and in vivo. Plasmid vectors can be attached to nuclear directing ligands or transferred by electroporation as naked DNA to deliver the payload genes to the nuclei of the target cells. Transgene expression silencing by plasmid sequences of bacterial origin and immune stimulation by bacterial unmethylated CpG motifs can be avoided by the generation of plasmid-based minimized DNA vectors, such as minicircles. Systems of efficient site-specific integration into human chromosomes and stable episomal maintenance in human cells are being developed for further reduction of the chances for transgene silencing. The successful generation of plasmid vectors is governed by a number of vector design rules, some of which are common to all gene vectors, while others are specific to plasmid vectors. This review is focused both on the guiding principles and on the technical know-how of plasmid gene vector design.
Multilayer ionic transducers (2003)

A transducer consisting of multiple layers of ionic polymer material is developed for applications in sensing, actuation, and control. The transducer consists of two to four individual layers each approximately 200 microns thick. The transducers are connected in parallel to minimize the electric field requirements for actuation. The tradeoff in deflection and force can be controlled by controlling the mechanical constraint at the interface. Packaging the transducer in an outer coating produces a hard constraint between layers and reduces the deflection with a force that increases linearly with the number of layers. This configuration also increases the bandwidth of the transducer. Removing the outer packaging produces an actuator that maintains the deflection of a single layer but has an increased force output. This is obtained by allowing the layers to slide relative to one another during bending. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method capable of modeling the structure of the multilayer transducers is developped. It is used to model the interfacial friction in multilayer transducers. Experiments on transducers with one to three layers are performed and the results are compared to Newbury's equivalent circuit model, which was modified to accommodate the multilayer polymers. The modification was performed on four different boundary conditions, two electrical the series and the parallel connection, and two mechanical the zero interfacial friction and the zero slip on the interface. Results demonstrate that the largest obstacle to obtaining good performance is water transport between the individual layers. Water crossover produces a near short circuit electrical condition and produces feedthrough between actuation layers and sensing layers. Electrical feedthrough due to water crossover eliminates the ability to produce a transducer that has combined sensing and actuation properties. Eliminating water crossover through good insulation enables the development of a small (5 mm x 30 mm) transducer that has sensing and actuation bandwidth on the order of 100 Hz. Due to the mechanical similarities of ionic transducers to biological muscles and their large flapping displacement capabilities we are studying the possibility of their use in flapping Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) application, as engines, controllers and sensors. The FEA modeling technique capable is used to design two ionic polymers actuated flapping wings.
Insertion loss measurement of a lowpass microwave filter manufactured on FR4 laminate (2016)

In this paper a microstrip low-pass filter modeling and designed for UTMS-2100 band is presented. The full wave EM simulated and measured results are compared and a good agreement has been achieved for this low-pass filter fabricated prototypes. The measured insertion loss is 28.6 times higher for the FR4 laminate as for the reference laminate.
Microbubbles as a contrast agent for neurosonography and ultrasound-guided catheter manipulation: in vitro studies (1986)

Tissue-equivalent ultrasound phantoms, including models of the ventricular system and cyst phantoms, may be useful for developing expertise in both biopsy procedures and shunt catheter placement that use ultrasound guidance. These phantoms have been constructed (1) to assess the ability to position biopsy needles and manipulate shunt catheters with conventional angiographic guidewires and (2) to evaluate the usefulness of microbubbles as an ultrasound contrast agent. Optimal catheter and needle position and catheter patency are demonstrated with microbubbles generated by hand injection of small volumes of saline, a safe ultrasound contrast agent that, to our knowledge, has not been previously exploited in neurosonography. Microbubbles can define biopsy needle location without direct imaging of the biopsy needle; they can also define the extent of communication or separation of fluid-filled or loculated spaces.
Impact of Parenteral Fat Composition on Cholestasis in Preterm Infants (2015)

Population-based incidence of PNALD is 1 of 7 in preterm infants with GA < 30 weeks. Changing from soy oil to olive oil-based PLE did not decrease the incidence of PNALD significantly. Olive oil-based PLE carries an equal or slightly decreased risk to develop PNALD compared with soy oil-based PLE.
Fast Carbon Dioxide Fixation by 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxamidato-nickel(II)-hydroxide Complexes: Influence of Changes in Reactive Site Environment on Reaction Rates (2011)

The planar complexes [Ni(II)(pyN(2)(R2))(OH)](-), containing a terminal hydroxo group, are readily prepared from N,N'-(2,6-C(6)H(3)R(2))-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate(2-) tridentate pincer ligands (R(4)N)(OH), and Ni(OTf)(2). These complexes react cleanly and completely with carbon dioxide in DMF solution in a process of CO(2) fixation with formation of the bicarbonate product complexes [Ni(II)(pyN(2)(R2))(HCO(3))](-) having η(1)-OCO(2)H ligation. Fixation reactions follow second-order kinetics (rate = k(2)'[Ni(II)-OH][CO(2)]) with negative activation entropies (-17 to -28 eu). Reactions were monitored by growth and decay of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands at 350-450 nm. The rate order R = Me > macro > Et > Pr(i) > Bu(i) > Ph at 298 K (macro = macrocylic pincer ligand) reflects increasing steric hindrance at the reactive site. The inherent highly reactive nature of these complexes follows from k(2)' ≈ 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) for the R = Me system that is attenuated by only 100-fold in the R = Ph complex. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on computation of the enthalpic reaction profile for the R = Pr(i) system by DFT methods. The R = Et, Pr(i), and Bu(i) systems display biphasic kinetics in which the initial fast process is followed by a slower first order process currently of uncertain origin.
Ophthalmic Laser Interferometry (1986)

If the pupil of the eye is illuminated by a collimated laser beam the light returning from the eye exhibits Newton's interference fringes. This phenomenon can be used (1) to measure fundus tissue pulsations and (2) to measure the optical length of the eye. A first series of clinical measurements of patients with angiological problems has shown a clear correlation of the interferometrically measured fundus pulsations with circulation conditions. First measurements of the optical length of human eyes indicate a very high potential precision of this new technique.
Microtensile bond strength of current dentin adhesives measured immediately and 24 hours after application. (2005)

Microtensile bond strengths of representative adhesive systems from the four categories of bonding agents were not equivalent, with the lowest values recorded for the one-step self-etching adhesives. There were no differences in the bond strengths when measured immediately and after 24 h.
Phase Compatibilities in the System Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐BaO‐CuO at 950°C (1987)

We report the compatibility relationships between compounds, including the newly discovered superconducting Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O x phase, in the Y 2 O 3 ‐BaO‐CuO system at 950°C. In addition to the previously reported ternary compounds, there is a new compound with a composition Y l Ba 3 Cu 2 O x . The new compound is a perovskite 'space group P4mm) with lattice parameters a =4.078 Å (0.4078 nm) and c =4.01 Å (0.401 nm). There are also at least two structurally distinguishable binary phases between barium oxide and the known BaCuO 2 , but they appear to be hygroscopic and are beyond our current capabilities of analysis.
Making exceptions on exception handling (2012)

The exception-handling mechanism has been widely adopted to deal with exception conditions that may arise during program executions. To produce high-quality programs, developers are expected to handle these exception conditions and take necessary recovery or resource-releasing actions. Failing to handle these exception conditions can lead to not only performance degradation, but also critical issues. Developers can write formal specifications to capture expected exception-handling behavior, and then apply tools to automatically analyze program code for detecting specification violations. However, in practice, developers rarely write formal specifications. To address this issue, mining techniques have been used to mine common exception-handling behavior out of program code. In this paper, we discuss challenges and achievements in precisely specifying and mining formal exception-handling specifications, as tackled by our previous work. Our key insight is that expected exception-handling behavior may be conditional or may need to accommodate exceptional cases.
Battery Disconnect Devices Related to Vehicle Safety (2008)

In many vehicles, the largest electrical cable, located between the battery and the starter/alternator, is not fused and has limited mechanical protection. Being generally located in the front of the engine compartment, this cable poses a serious fire risk in cases of a crash, collision, or rollover. Vehicle deformation during a collision or rollover can damage the insulation of electrical cables and ground the wires. The high current caused by short circuits can produce elevated temperatures as well as electrical sparks or arcing that can ignite the cable’s insulation, ignite released flammable liquids or vapors, and can ignite nearby plastic components inside the engine compartment. Circuit protection devices are designed to disconnect the main power supply (battery) to cables and other electrical components, thereby reducing the occurrence of such fires. This paper reviews these devices and reports on the test results of a pyrotechnically driven safety switch engineered by Delphi.
Finite element formulation for anisotropic coupled piezoelectro-hygro-thermo-viscoelasto-dynamic problems (1999)

A finite element algorithm has been developed for the efficient analysis of smart composite structures with piezoelectric polymer sensors or/and actuators based on piezoelectro-hygro-thermo-viscoelasticity. Variational principles for anisotropic coupled piezoelectro-hygro-thermo-viscoelasto-dynamic problems have also been proposed in this study. As illustrative studies, dynamic responses in laminated composite beams and plates with PVDF sensors and actuators are obtained as functions of time using the present finite element procedures. The voltage feedback control scheme is utilized. The proposed numerical method can be used for analysing problems in the design of smart structures as well as smart sensors and actuators. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of breast cancer. (2006)

In recent years, antiangiogenic therapy with the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab has demonstrated significant activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Bevacizumab is targeted against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a primary mediator of angiogenesis. Research is ongoing to define the mechanism of action of anti-VEGF treatment in order to predict who will respond to treatment and to monitor responses to treatment at the molecular level. The initial randomized phase III trial of bevacizumab evaluated capecitabine with bevacizumab versus capecitabine alone in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. The addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine did not improve progression-free survival in these patients. However, in the subsequent Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 2100 trial of patients with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer, bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel doubled progression-free survival compared to paclitaxel alone. Based on these encouraging findings, current studies are evaluating bevacizumab in the adjuvant setting. The oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib has shown activity in metastatic breast cancer, and additional agents are being investigated. Combination therapy consisting of antiangiogenic agents with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or other agents is also being evaluated in hopes of improving treatment options for these patients.
Case 48-1981 (1981)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of renal disease.There was a long history of bronchial asthma. He was otherwise well until three weeks previously, when fever and malaise developed, followed by bilateral lumbar pain, chills, and dysuria. The urine gave a +++ test for protein; the sediment contained innumerable white cells per high-power field. A culture of urine yielded a few colonies of Escherichia coli. Ampicillin was prescribed, with rapid improvement. An intravenous pyelographic examination showed a slightly reduced concentration of contrast material in the nephrographic phase; the renal . . .
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐DIAMINO‐6‐PHENYL‐1,3,5‐TRIAZINES (1978)

Abstract Die Benzoate (I) werden mit den Biguanidhydrochloriden (II) zu den Diaminotriazinen (III) kondensiert.
Research Article Phishing Susceptibility: An Investigation Into the Processing of a Targeted Spear Phishing Email (2012)

Research problem: Phishing is an email-based scam where a perpetrator camouflages emails to appear as a legitimate request for personal and sensitive information. Research question: How do individuals process a phishing email, and determine whether to respond to it? Specifically, this study examines how users' attention to “visual triggers” and “phishing deception indicators” influence their decision-making processes and consequently their decisions. Literature review: This paper draws upon the theory of deception and the literature on mediated cognition and learning, including the critical role of attention and elaboration in deception detection. From this literature, we developed a research model to suggest that overall cognitive effort expended in email processing decreases with attention to visual triggers and phishing deception indicators. The likelihood to respond to phishing emails increases with attention to visceral cues, but decreases with attention to phishing deception indicators and cognitive effort. Knowledge of email-based scams increases attention to phishing deception indicators, and directly decreases response likelihood. It also moderates the impact of attention to visceral triggers and that of phishing deception indicators on likelihood to respond. Methodology: Using a real phishing email as a stimulus, a survey of 321 members of a public university community in the Northeast US, who were intended victims of a spear phishing attack that took place, was conducted. The survey used validated measures developed in prior literature for the most part and tested results using the partial least-squares regression. Results and discussion: Our research model and hypotheses were supported by the data except that we did not find that cognitive effort significantly affects response likelihood. The implication of the study is that attention to visceral triggers, attention to phishing deception indicators, and phishing knowledge play critical roles in phishing detection. The limitations of the study were that the data were drawn from students, and the study explored one phishing attack, relied on some single-item measures, cognitive effort measure, and a one-round survey. Future research would examine the impact of a varying degree of urgency and a varying level of phishing deception indicators, and actual victims of phishing attacks.
Catalytic cosynthesis method developed (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCatalytic cosynthesis method developedJOSEPH HAGGINCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 18, 25Publication Date (Print):May 4, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 4 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n018.p025https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n018.p025newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Alcohols Get e-Alerts