gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient realizations of the discrete and continuous wavelet transforms: from single chip implementations to mappings on SIMD array computers (1995)

This paper presents a wide range of algorithms and architectures for computing the 1D and 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the 1D and 2D continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The algorithms and architectures presented are independent of the size and nature of the wavelet function. New on-line algorithms are proposed for the DWT and the CWT that require significantly small storage. The proposed systolic array and the parallel filter architectures implement these on-line algorithms and are optimal both with respect to area and time (under the word-serial model). Moreover, these architectures are very regular and support single chip implementations in VLSI. The proposed SIMD architectures implement the existing pyramid and a'trous algorithms and are optimal with respect to time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A comparison of tracking-beam arrays and switching-beam arrays operating in a CDMA mobile communication channel (1999)

This paper presents an overview of two different types of smart antenna systems: the tracking-beam array (TEA) and the switching-beam array (SEA) systems. A conceptual description of each system is given, to analyze the inherent advantages and disadvantages of the two systems. The array systems shown in this paper are aimed at code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile communications. The desired beam pattern can be obtained from the weight vector through the scalar product between the weight vector and the signals, because the in-phase and quadrature components of the baseband signal preserve the magnitude and phase of the signal at each antenna element. Since the weight vector of the TEA system is computed from the solution of the eigenvector corresponding to the largest-magnitude eigenvalue, the TEA system outperforms the switching-beam array system when the desired signal is sufficiently larger than each of the interfering signals, because of the high processing gain. As the ratio of the power of the desired signals to the power of the interfering signals becomes lower, the superiority in the performance of the two systems is reversed.
Cholangiocarcinoma With <i>FGFR</i> Genetic Aberrations: A Unique Clinical Phenotype (2018)

CCA with <i>FGFR</i> GAs represents a unique subtype occurring in younger patients with an indolent disease course. FGFR-targeted therapy may have a positive impact on OS in this subgroup.
Extension of Mutual Subspace Method for Low Dimensional Feature Projection (2007)

Face recognition algorithms based on mutual subspace methods (MSM) map segmented faces to single points on a feature manifold and then apply manifold learning techniques to classify the results. This paper proposes a generic extension to MSM for analysis of features in high-throughput recordings. We apply this method to analyze short duration overlapping waves in synthetic data and multielectrode brain recordings. We compare different feature space topologies and projection techniques, including MDS, ISOMAP and Laplacian eigenmaps. Overall we find that ISOMAP shows the least sensitivity to noise and provides the best association between distance in feature space and Euclidean distance in projection space. For non-noisy data, Laplacian eigenmaps show the least sensitivity to feature space topology.
Disease detectives: Nationwide network of public health officials uses sophisticated technology and gumshoe epidemiology to uncover sources of foodborne disease outbreaks (2008)

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Laboratory testing is one of the key tools OutbreakNet relies on to identify foodborne disease outbreaks.

Move over Dr. House. A team of real-life epidemiologists is investigating enteric disease outbreaks that threaten children and adults nationwide.

Like TV’s fictional
Aminoglycoside antibiotics: Chemical conversion of neomycin B, paromomycin, and lividomycin B into bioactive pseudosaccharides (1978)

Pseudosaccharides containing various natural combinations of rings present in aminoglycoside antibiotics were prepared from the parent antibiotics, neomycin B, paromomycin, and lividomycin B, by oxidation of available vicinal diols and β-elimination. Pseudotrisaccharides comprising rings A, B, and C of paromomycin and lividomycin B, a pseudotrisaccharide comprising rings B, C, and D of the three antibiotics, and a 'core' pseudotrisaccharide containing rings B and C were thus prepared. These are valuable biological probes and intermediates for semisynthetic work in this series.
Overcoming bcl-2- and p53-mediated resistance in prostate cancer. (1999)

Most prostate cancers eventually develop resistance to hormonal therapy and chemotherapies. Many mechanisms for resistance to chemotherapy have been identified. Mutations or inactivation of the p53 suppressor gene and overexpression of bcl-2 are among such mechanisms. Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to resistance to certain chemotherapy agents, and such mutations are seen more often in metastatic than in primary prostate cancers. Thus, agents that are active in the setting of mutated p53 may have some advantage in prostate cancer. Overexpression of bcl-2 occurs frequently in prostate cancer and is associated with both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy resistance. In experimental systems, bcl-2 overexpression occurs after androgen deprivation and transfection of bcl-2 into sensitive cell lines makes them resistant to chemotherapy and hormonal therapies. Bcl-2 can be inactivated by phosphorylation as occurs with taxanes. The retinoids, as a class, can inhibit the growth of resistant cell lines that overexpress bcl-2, and the combination of interferon (IFN) and cis-retinoic acid (CRA) demonstrated increased antitumor activity. In our cell line model the combination of IFN and CRA greatly enhanced the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ). Based on these observations, we conducted a phase I/II trial of CRA and IFN-alpha in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Twenty-six percent achieved a decrease of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which was correlated to elevated serum transforming growth factor-beta. We then conducted a phase I trial of 13-CRA, IFN-alpha, and escalating doses of paclitaxel. Eighteen patients were treated with 1 mg/kg CRA and 1x10(6) unit IFN on days 1 to 4 and paclitaxel at doses from 100 to 175 mg/m2. Eleven patients received the 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel dose. Two patients in the phase I study achieved partial responses (one cervix and one prostate cancer). We subsequently initiated a phase II study of 13-CRA, IFN-alpha, and paclitaxel in hormone refractory prostate cancer. For entry patients must show progressive disease after androgen ablation. To test the mechanism of action, we are assaying peripheral blood monocytes and, when possible, tumor tissue for bcl-2 expression. As our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor resistance to chemotherapy improves, we will be able to design better approaches in treatment targeted to overcome the mechanisms of resistance.
Following the Leader (2014)

In the fall of 2012, Hurricane Sandy devastated parts of New York and surrounding areas. Within a few days of the hurricane, Mormon volunteers donned yellow vests with a “Mormon Helping Hands” logo and divided into small teams to help local residents begin to clean up. For the next several months, they spent weekends in “chainsaw brigades,” clearing fallen trees, removing mud and debris from homes, tearing out damaged walls and carpet, and disinfecting what remained (Trapasso 2012). The LDS Church estimates that 28,000 Mormons logged more than 275,000 hours of labor – a remarkable figure given that Mormons make up a very small share of the population in the region (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2012a).
Accurate and Robust Attitude Estimation Using MEMS Gyroscopes and a Monocular Camera (2011)

In order to estimate accurate rotations of mobile robots and vehicle, we propose a hybrid system which combines a low-cost monocular camera with gyro sensors. Gyro sensors have drift errors that accumulate over time. On the other hand, a camera cannot obtain the rotation continuously in the case where feature points cannot be extracted from images, although the accuracy is better than gyro sensors. To solve these problems we propose a method for combining these sensors based on Extended Kalman Filter. The errors of the gyro sensors are corrected by referring to the rotations obtained from the camera. In addition, by using the reliability judgment of camera rotations and devising the state value of the Extended Kalman Filter, even when the rotation is not continuously observable from the camera, the proposed method shows a good performance. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Chiral Phosphine Lewis Base Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Reaction of N‐Sulfonated Imines with Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Phenyl Acrylate. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Large-Grain Polycrystalline Silicon Films Formed through Flash-Lamp-Induced Explosive Crystallization (2012)

The flash lamp annealing (FLA) of electron-beam- (EB-) evaporated amorphous silicon (a-Si) films results in the formation of polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) films with at least a few µm long grains stretching along lateral crystallization directions. Unlike the case of using chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) hydrogenated a-Si films as precursors, no peeling of Si films occurs even in the absence of Cr adhesion layers. Such a flash-lamp-induced crystallization occurs also in doped EB-evaporated a-Si films as in the case of undoped films. The p+/p-/n+ stacked structure is sufficiently kept even after crystallization, although the profiles of dopants are slightly modified. This fact clearly indicates that the crystallization observed is not based on liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) after the complete melting of the whole a-Si precursor during millisecond-order treatment but through LPE-based explosive crystallization (EC), self-catalytic lateral crystallization driven by the release of latent heat. The formation of poly-Si films with large grains and the sufficient preservation of dopant profiles would lead to the utilization of the poly-Si films formed for solar cell devices.
Discriminative methods for statistical spoken dialogue systems (2015)

Dialogue promises a natural and effective method for users to interact with and obtain information from computer systems. Statistical spoken dialogue systems are able to disambiguate in the presence of errors by maintaining probability distributions over what they believe to be the state of a dialogue. However, traditionally these distributions have been derived using generative models, which do not directly optimise for the criterion of interest and cannot easily exploit arbitrary information that may potentially be useful. This thesis presents how discriminative methods can overcome these problems in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) and Dialogue State Tracking (DST). A robust method for SLU is proposed, based on features extracted from the full posterior distribution of recognition hypotheses encoded in the form of word confusion networks. This method uses discriminative classifiers, trained on unaligned input/output pairs. Performance is evaluated on both an off-line corpus, and on-line in a live user trial. It is shown that a statistical discriminative approach to SLU operating on the full posterior ASR output distribution can substantially improve performance in terms of both accuracy and overall dialogue reward. Furthermore, additional gains can be obtained by incorporating features from the system's output. For DST, a new word-based tracking method is presented that maps directly from the speech recognition results to the dialogue state without using an explicit semantic decoder. The method is based on a recurrent neural network structure that is capable of generalising to unseen dialogue state hypotheses, and requires very little feature engineering. The method is evaluated in the second and third Dialog State Tracking Challenges, as well as in a live user trial. The results demonstrate consistently high performance across all of the off-line metrics and a substantial increase in the quality of the dialogues in the live trial. The proposed method is shown to be readily applied to expanding dialogue domains, by exploiting robust features and a new method for online unsupervised adaptation. It is shown how the neural network structure can be adapted to output structured joint distributions, giving an improvement over estimating the dialogue state as a product of marginal distributions.
Neural Networks Algorithm to Inquire Previous Preeclampsia Factors in Women with Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy in Childbirth Process (2018)

Preeclampsia and eclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy caused directly by the pregnancy itself. The success of handling preeclampsia is determined by maternity compliance in pregnancy care. Pregnant women who do not have their pregnancies cause no detectable high-risk factors experienced during pregnancy. We investigated the detection of preeclampsia by using neural network and also investigated the importance of the Previous PE Case attribute on the classification results. Preeclampsia dataset obtained from Haji General Hospital Surabaya with 17 parameters that are considered to affect the risk characteristics of the occurrence of preeclampsia, including the Previous PE Case parameters are positive or negative. This study uses Neural Network to classify Preeclampsia data. We compare with other algorithms like Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Linear Regression, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine. This experiment showed that the neural network algorithm achieved the best accuracy with three validation tests, 92,46% split data, 10-folds cross validation 94,23% and LOO validation 96.66%. The same data is applied to the neural network after excluding information about the previous PE case, for the learning process. The result is the correct classification as high as 96.66% of cases of case preeclampsia using all parameters, in the test set. Predicted cases of preeclampsia, for the total results of the unknown verification test, is 90%. And if the information on the previous PE case is not used, the result will decrease significantly.
Clinical Model: Interferons Activate Human Monocytes to An Eradicative Tumor Cell Level <i>In Vitro</i> (2007)

Eradicative levels of antitumor activity by cytokines and leukocytes have not yet been reached experimentally and are needed clinically. Only a limited number of human cancers respond to therapy with interferon (IFN), other cytokines, or mononuclear leukocytes despite significant antitumor activity in vitro. We studied the IFN and monocytic cell conditions that would lead to an eradicative effect using human cells in vitro. Targets of the IFN-activated monocytic cells were either four human tumor cell lines (human osteosarcoma [HOS], LOX melanoma, A549 lung tumor, and SNB-19 glioblastoma) or two diploid cell lines (WI38 and MRC5). An average of 30-90 colony-forming tumor target cells were cultured overnight in 96-well tissue culture plates prior to treatment with serially diluted IFN with or without activated elutriation-purified monocytes or lymphocytes. The target cell colonies were treated for 3 days. The colonies were then stained with crystal violet to determine the levels of antitumor activity. IFN-activated human monocytes reached an eradicative level (95%-100%) against three of four tumor cell lines. The eradicative level (1) was induced best in human monocytes activated by combined type I and II IFNs, (2) was effective against tumor cells that were growing for 24 h, (3) was specific for human tumors, as diploid human cells were not inhibited, and (4) required contact between the macrophage and the tumor cells. Also, for the first time, the minimal effective concentration (MEC) of IFNs to activate monocytes can approach those needed for antiviral activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of near total eradication of many tumor cells, but not diploid cells, by IFN-activated monocytes. Because of its potency and specificity, the IFN-activated monocyte arm of the innate immune system may be a candidate for therapy of established tumors.
An efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide nanocrystals via thermal decomposition of single-source precursors (2015)

We report an efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide NCs for the first time. The size of Ni<sub>2</sub>P NCs can be controlled by changing reaction temperature and OAm quantity. The phase of nickel phosphide NCs can be controlled by increasing reaction time.
TSV Transistor – vertical metal gate FET inside a Through Silicon VIA (2018)

A new vertical field-effect transistor (FET) has been fabricated inside a through silicon VIA (TSV). Front side and backside of a 200- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> -thin p-doped Si wafer were highly n-doped to shape the source/drain areas of the FET. The lateral surface of the TSV forms the channel with a length of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> (wafer thickness) and a width of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$63~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> (circumference of the 20- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> hole). A stack of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was used as gate dielectric material and Ru/TaN/Ru was deposited as gate metal using atomic layer deposition. The n-channel TSVFETs showed saturation currents of 150 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> for a gate voltage of 4 V and an ON/OFF current ratio of about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> .
Quantum-dot quantum well CdS/HgS/CdS: Theory and experiment (1994)

An extended theoretical approach for calculating the 1s-1s electronic transition in spherically layered semiconductor quantum dots is presented. The extension over the common effective-mass approximation includes the implementation of the Coulomb interaction and finite potential wells at the particle boundaries. The calculations are carried out for the quantum-dot quantum well CdS/HgS/CdS and compared to recently available experimental results. The wave functions of electrons and holes spreading over the entire structure and the probabilities of presence in the different layers, as well as outside the structure in the surrounding dielectric water, are presented.
Periodic ZnO Nanorod Arrays Defined by Polystyrene Microsphere Self-Assembled Monolayers (2006)

We demonstrate a low-cost and effective method to fabricate hexagonally patterned, vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays. Selective wet-etching is used to develop the catalyzing gold particle hexagonal pattern with the aid of a polystyrene microsphere self-assembled monolayer. The gold particles have tunable sizes independent of the polystyrene microsphere's diameter and are inherently round in shape. Each ZnO rod is grown individually from a catalyzing site via catalyst-initiated epitaxy, and the original hexagonal periodicity is well-preserved. The rods have flat ends, and the diameters of the rods can be controlled well by the amount of source materials. This method provides a promising way to create ZnO one-dimensional nanostructures for applications as two-dimensional photonic crystal, sensor arrays, nanolaser arrays, and optoelectronic devices.
Laboratory Testing of Urea-SCR Formulations to Meet Tier 2 Bin 5 Emissions (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Urea-based Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has the potential to meet U.S. Diesel Tier 2 Bin 5 emission standards for NOx in 2010. The operating and driving conditions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles make it necessary to customize catalyst features to the application. This paper reviews the selection of SCR catalyst technology for the U.S. and the appropriate aging and poisoning protocols for current supplier SCR catalysts. Generally, light-duty applications require SCR catalysts to function well at low temperature whereas heavy-duty applications require functionality at high temperature and high space velocity. One main durability requirement of SCR formulations involves withstanding the high temperature process of regenerating particulate filters from accumulated soot. Unrefined engine exhaust temperature control coupled with the inexact temperature measurement may also expose SCR catalysts to additional over-temperature conditions. Therefore, base metal/zeolite formulations are more appropriate for U.S. diesel applications than vanadia-containing formulations. On the basis of performance, two important parameters for selecting the proper SCR formulation involve the exhaust temperature profile and the NO<sub>2</sub>/NOx ratio expected during typical driving conditions. Other operating parameters such as oxygen level, water level, and amount of ammonia on the catalyst surface all have influence on the system performance. A detailed comparison is made between the basic catalytic activity of Cu/zeolite and Fe/zeolite formulations, and their durability to poisons such as sulfur and hydrocarbons is investigated.</div>
Realpush Network: A New Push-type Content Delivery System Using Reliable Multicast And Flexible Browser (1998)

We have developed U new push-system that simultaneously distributes Web-contents over the Internet to muss users. This paper discusses its flexible browser for end-users, broadcasting server for content distributors, and reliable multicast for efficient delivery.
Modeling of laser deposition and repair process (2005)

Laser aided deposition is a material additive based manufacturing process via metallurgically bonding the deposited material to the substrate. Due to its capability to bond various materials together, it becomes an attractive technology for part repair in small scale. However, the details of the process remain an active area for research because of the complicated interactions involved. In this study, a mathematical model was established to investigate thermal and mass transportation phenomena, which include substrate melting and solidification as well as the powder heating process. Affected by the powder injection, the melt pool surface keeps fluctuating during the process and dynamic evolution of the melt pool shape is tracked by using the level set method. Melt pool shape and energy balance at liquid–vapor and solid–liquid interfaces are taken into account in the model. A typical hole repair process based on material deposition technology is presented. The detailed process together with the temperature distribution were simulated. The simulation results of the melt pool length and peak temperature are validated for the laser deposition process through the measurements on the melt pool geometry and surface peak temperature by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera and dual-wavelength temperature sensor.