gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional mouse osteosarcoma, dependent on p53 loss and potentiated by loss of Rb, mimics the human disease (2008)

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. Analysis of familial cancer syndromes and sporadic cases has strongly implicated both p53 and pRb in its pathogenesis; however, the relative contribution of these mutations to the initiation of osteosarcoma is unclear. We describe here the generation and characterization of a genetically engineered mouse model in which all animals develop short latency malignant osteosarcoma. The genetically engineered mouse model is based on osteoblast-restricted deletion of p53 and pRb. Osteosarcoma development is dependent on loss of p53 and potentiated by loss of pRb, revealing a dominance of p53 mutation in the development of osteosarcoma. The model reproduces many of the defining features of human osteosarcoma including cytogenetic complexity and comparable gene expression signatures, histology, and metastatic behavior. Using a novel in silico methodology termed cytogenetic region enrichment analysis, we demonstrate high conservation of gene expression changes between murine osteosarcoma and known cytogentically rearranged loci from human osteosarcoma. Due to the strong similarity between murine osteosarcoma and human osteosarcoma in this model, this should provide a valuable platform for addressing the molecular genetics of osteosarcoma and for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Sequence-Aware Recommender Systems (2018)

Recommender systems are one of the most successful applications of data mining and machine-learning technology in practice. Academic research in the field is historically often based on the matrix completion problem formulation, where for each user-item-pair only one interaction (e.g., a rating) is considered. In many application domains, however, multiple user-item interactions of different types can be recorded over time. And, a number of recent works have shown that this information can be used to build richer individual user models and to discover additional behavioral patterns that can be leveraged in the recommendation process. In this work, we review existing works that consider information from such sequentially ordered user-item interaction logs in the recommendation process. Based on this review, we propose a categorization of the corresponding recommendation tasks and goals, summarize existing algorithmic solutions, discuss methodological approaches when benchmarking what we call sequence-aware recommender systems , and outline open challenges in the area.
Einleitung (1978)

Das funkenerosive Senken hat in der industriellen Fertigung einen festen Platz gewonnen. Bei der Durchbruchbearbeitung und beim Herstellen hoher zylindrischer Prismen wird das Senken jedoch seit mehr als 8 Jahren zunehmend durch das funkenerosive Schneiden mit ablaufender Drahtelektrode substituiert. Dabei weist das funkenerosive Schneiden gegenüber dem Senken einige wesentliche Vorteile auf. Der Elektrodenverschleiß — beim funkenerosiven Senken eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Fehlerquelle bei der exakten Herstellung geometrischer Formen — spielt beim funkenerosiven Schneiden eine untergeordnete Rolle, da der Arbeitszone von einer Vorratsspule kontinuierlich neuer Elektrodenwerkstoff zugeführt wird. Die dadurch entstehenden Werkzeugkosten bleiben trotzdem gering, da das Elektrodenmaterial, meist ein dünner Kupferdraht, wie er in der Elektroindustrie z.B. als Spulendraht vielfach eingesetzt wird, als Massenprodukt relativ preiswert ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß durch die beim funkenerosiven Schneiden eingesetzte numerische Bahnsteuerung praktisch beliebig komplizierte Konturen hergestellt werden können; lediglich den erzielbaren Eckenradien und Schlitzbreiten werden durch die vom gewählten Drahtdurchmesser und von der Werkstückhöhe abhängige Ausbildung der Schnittspuren Grenzen gesetzt. Die erzielbare geometrische Genauigkeit — in der Regel besser als 0,01 mm — ist in den meisten Anwendungsfällen hinreichend groß; die Wiederholgenauigkeit gleicher Teile ist sogar noch erheblich besser.
Perfusion measurements by micro-CT using prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS): initial phantom results (2010)

Micro-CT scanning has become an accepted standard for anatomical imaging in small animal disease and genome mutation models. Concurrently, perfusion imaging via tracking contrast dynamics after injection of an iodinated contrast agent is a well-established tool for clinical CT scanners. However, perfusion imaging is not yet commercially available on the micro-CT platform due to limitations in both radiation dose and temporal resolution. Recent hardware developments in micro-CT scanners enable continuous imaging of a given volume through the use of a slip-ring gantry. Now that dynamic CT imaging is feasible, data may be acquired to measure tissue perfusion using a micro-CT scanner (CT Imaging, Erlangen, Germany). However, rapid imaging using micro-CT scanners leads to high image noise in individual time frames. Using the standard filtered backprojection (FBP) image reconstruction, images are prohibitively noisy for calculation of voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps. In this study, we apply prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) to reconstruct images with significantly lower noise variance. In perfusion phantom experiments performed on a micro-CT scanner, the PICCS reconstruction enabled a reduction to 1/16 of the noise variance of standard FBP reconstruction, without compromising the spatial or temporal resolution. This enables a significant increase in dose efficiency, and thus, significantly less exposure time is needed to acquire images amenable to perfusion processing. This reduction in required irradiation time enables voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps to be generated on micro-CT scanners. Sample perfusion maps using a deconvolution-based perfusion analysis are included to demonstrate the improvement in image quality using the PICCS algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet‐Chemical Synthesis of Doped Colloidal Nanomaterials: Particles and Fibers of LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Eu, LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ce, and LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ce,Tb. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bounded potential slack: Enabling time budgeting for dual-V t allocation of hierarchical design (2010)

Time budgeting, which assigns timing assertion at block boundary, is a crucial step in hierarchical design. The proportion of high- and low-V t gates of each block, which determines overall leakage power consumption, is dictated by timing assertion, yet dual-V t allocation is not taken into account during conventional time budgeting. Bounded potential slack is introduced as a measure of dual-V t allocation, and is experimentally shown to be strongly correlated with the percentage of high-V t gates. A new time budgeting is proposed with objective of achieving bounded potential slack, which is formulated as a linear programming problem. In experiments with example hierarchical designs implemented in 45-nm commercial technology, the proposed time budgeting reduced leakage power by 32% on average compared to conventional time budgeting, when both are followed by the same dual-V t allocation. The time budgeting is also applied to voltage island design, where each block can have its own V dd with mix of high- and low-V t gates.
Bioavailability of fluorescein from a new drug delivery system in human eyes (2003)

A significantly better bioavailability was achieved in human eyes by using lyophilisate compared with the same dose from a conventional eye drop. Lyophilisates are a favourable alternative to conventional eye drops since they have no preservatives, higher long term stability, no pH adjustment, and easy handling.
The Hippo Pathway (2012)

The Hippo pathway regulates tissue growth, and inactivation of any of four key components (HPO, WTS, SAV, and MATS) results in tissue overgrowth. Cell junctions may also modulate the pathway's activity.
Analogues of ERβ ligand chloroindazole exert immunomodulatory and remyelinating effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (2019)

Pharmaceutical agents currently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis reduce relapse rates, but do not reverse or prevent neurodegeneration nor initiate myelin repair. The highly selective estrogen receptor (ER) β ligand chloroindazole (IndCl) shows particular promise promoting both remyelination while reducing inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. To optimize these benefits, we developed and screened seven novel IndCl analogues for their efficacy in promoting primary oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro by immunohistochemistry. Two analogues, IndCl-o-chloro and IndCl-o-methyl, induced proliferation and differentiation equivalent to IndCl and were selected for subsequent in vivo evaluation for their impact on clinical disease course, white matter pathology, and inflammation. Both compounds ameliorated disease severity, increased mature OLs, and improved overall myelination in the corpus callosum and white matter tracts of the spinal cord. These effects were accompanied by reduced production of the OL toxic molecules interferon-γ and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CXCL10 by splenocytes with no discernable effect on central nervous system-infiltrating leukocyte numbers, while IndCl-o-methyl also reduced peripheral interleukin (IL)-17. In addition, expression of the chemokine CXCL1, which is associated with developmental oligodendrogenesis, was upregulated by IndCl and both analogues. Furthermore, callosal compound action potential recordings from analogue-treated mice demonstrated a larger N1 component amplitude compared to vehicle, suggesting more functionally myelinated fibers. Thus, the o-Methyl and o-Chloro IndCl analogues represent a class of ERβ ligands that offer significant remyelination and neuroprotection as well as modulation of the immune system; hence, they appear appropriate to consider further for therapeutic development in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.
K-Local Hyperplane and Convex Distance Nearest Neighbor Algorithms (2001)

Guided by an initial idea of building a complex (non linear) decision surface with maximal local margin in input space, we give a possible geometrical intuition as to why K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms often perform more poorly than SVMs on classification tasks. We then propose modified K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms to overcome the perceived problem. The approach is similar in spirit to Tangent Distance,but with invariances inferred from the local neighborhood rather than prior knowledge. Experimental results on real world classification tasks suggest that the modified KNN algorithms often give a dramatic improvement over standard KNN and perform as well or better than SVMs. 1
Iron in CNS Disease (1995)

Journal Article Iron in CNS Disease Get access Benjamin B. Gelman, M.D., PH.D. Benjamin B. Gelman, M.D., PH.D. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas Correspondence to: Benjamin B. Gelman, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology, G-85, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 54, Issue 4, July 1995, Pages 477–486, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199507000-00001 Published: 01 July 1995
H.264 Encoding Of Videos With Large Number Of Shot Transitions Using Long-Term Reference Pictures (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Facile and Efficient Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated <i>meso</i>-Functionalization of Porphyrins (2008)

Highly facile and efficient synthesis of a variety of meso-functionalized porphyrins was accomplished by PhI(OAc)(2)-NaAuCl(4) mediated direct nucleophilic substitution reactions of [5,10,15-triphenylporphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn1) with different amines and thiophenols. When [5,15-dibromo-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn12) was used as the starting porphyrin under similar conditions, the double nucleophilic substitution products were obtained in good yields.
The Effect of UV Transmission, Suspended Solids and Photoreactivation on Microorganisms in Wastewater Treated with UV Light (1993)

To predict the performance of UV systems for disinfecting wastewater a full scale UV system was subjected to changes in wastewater quality. The effect of changes in the UV transmission and suspended solids on fecal coliforms was measured. The level of UV transmission and suspended solids which can be treated is dependent upon the disinfection limit. There was no relationship between the UV transmission and the suspended solids and the degree of photoreactivation. An antibiotic labeled Escherichia coli was irradiated with the UV system and then observed in glass bottles and in the receiving stream for photoreactivation. Photoreactivation was observed in the glass bottles but not in the receiving stream. In the natural environment photoreactivation may not be important
Blocking the docking of HIV-1 (2003)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Growth and Metabolic Activity of Immortalized Porcine Hepatocytes in Extracorporeal Hollow‐Fiber Liver Assist Devices (2001)

The development of a cell based extracorporeal liver assist device offers a promising clinical approach to bridge individuals suffering from acute liver failure to transplant. However, a major drawback of the existing technology is the lack of a continuous supply of well differentiated hepatocytes. Although some investigators have used primary porcine cells, this approach demands costly, labor-intensive isolation procedures and yields cells with inconsistent detoxification capacity. The limitations of primary cells led us to develop the HepLiu immortalized porcine hepatocyte cell line for use in liver assist devices (LADs). HepLiu cells are nontumorigenic and exhibit multiple hepatic detoxification functions including diazepam and acetaminophen metabolism. To investigate the suitability of HepLiu cells for artificial liver support, morphology, as well as xenobiotic metabolism, was studied in perfused polysulfone hollow-fiber LADs. HepLiu cells were cultured in the intercapillary space of a prototype LAD, and the metabolism of diazepam, acetaminophen, and 7-ethoxycoumarin was evaluated over 25 days in culture. Our results indicated that HepLiu cells proliferated rapidly following inoculation of the LAD until Day 10 when proliferation appeared to cease. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that HepLiu cells retained many of the features of primary hepatocytes including desmosomes that sealed bile canalicular-like structures and junctional complexes (intermediate, gap junctions) that appeared concentrated in the paracanalicular areas. Unlike primary porcine hepatocytes, HepLiu cells retained drug metabolic function throughout the 25 day culture period. Diazepam metabolism by HepLiu cells was consistently higher than that of primary cells. Acetaminophen metabolism persisted throughout the 25 day period albeit at a much lower level than the primary cells exhibited on Days 1 or 2. In conclusion, we have shown that HepLiu cells proliferate to occupy the intercapillary space of perfused hollow-fiber LADs following inoculation, and retain their metabolic capacity for Phase I and Phase II detoxification reactions in perfusion culture. Our findings suggest that HepLiu cells may provide an alternative to primary porcine hepatocytes as the cellular component of bioartificial liver support systems.
Teach yourself C++ in 21 days (1994)

This package is the perfect starter kit for new C++ programmers. The Teach Yourself book is one of the most popular tutorials for learning the C++ language. Each of the 21 lessons consist of a full-day's activities for the reader as they learn C++. Readers can receive guidance from the web-based mentoring program and utilize other related resources via the book's online site.
Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

The current epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has produced a worldwide health care burden, approaching that imposed by transmittable infectious diseases. COPD is a multidimensional disease, with varied intermediate and clinical phenotypes. This Review discusses the pathogenesis of COPD, with particular focus on emphysema, based on the concept that pulmonary injury involves stages of initiation (by exposure to cigarette smoke, pollutants, and infectious agents), progression, and consolidation. Tissue damage entails complex interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix proteolysis, and apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Lung damage by cigarette smoke ultimately leads to self-propagating processes, resulting in macromolecular and structural alterations - features similar to those seen in aging.
Fast connection establishment in large-scale networks (2002)

A hierarchical decomposition of network nodes which permits the networkwide topology database and algorithms to be independent of node internals, yet allows (implicit) access to special intranodal features when required is described. A complementary procedure for the establishment of bandwidth-reserved connections is outlined that makes efficient use of this node structure to support network-level optimization through use of node-level features. Based on a significantly increased concurrency of path computation and bandwidth reservation, the execution time of the setup procedure is independent of the network's complexity (such as number of nodes and links) and is essentially bounded from above by the round-trip delay only.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lateral/Directional Stability of Tow Dolly Type Combination Vehicles (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Tow dolly type combination vehicles represent a unique configuration in that the tow dolly itself is essentially a simple “tow bar” with wheels, that does not apply a significant hitch load to the tow vehicle The resulting combination vehicle dynamics have been studied with a six degree of freedom linear mathematical model, which has been validated with full scale testing Results show that tow dolly combinations exhibit significantly higher yaw damping and do not degrade tow vehicle understeer as much as conventional trailers Other parameters studied include stiffness of the dolly swivel platform to rotation, tow dolly tire cornering stiffness and speed sensitivity</div>
Retinal image analytics detects white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults (2018)

We developed a robust algorithm to automatically evaluate retinal fundus image that can identify subjects with high WMH burden. Further community-based prospective studies should be performed for early screening of population at risk of cerebral small vessel disease.
<title>Video mosaic displays</title> (1996)

We describe a novel technique for displaying video in which image frames are continually accumulated within the display devices to form an evolving mosaic. This `video mosaic' effectively extends the field of view and resolution of the source camera, and can aid in tasks such as surveillance and teleoperation.
Object recognition with a wavelet‐transform‐based joint transform correlator (1996)

We built a new system for object recognition by combining the joint transform structure with the wavelet transform. The system can perform preprocessing and correlation in a single step. It has many good features including high antinoise capability and sharp correlation peaks without sidelobes. To test the effectiveness of this system, experimental results on a plane model are also given.
The Electric Characteristics of the Ozonator Discharge (1943)

Oscillographic studies of the ozonator discharge, together with power measurements, have shown that: (1) The ozonator discharge is intermittent; during each cycle of the alternating voltage there are two discharge periods alternating with two dark periods. (2) During the discharge periods, the potential drop across the air space has constant value of +e 0 or −e 0 depending on the direction of the current. The quenching of the discharge coincides with the maximum of the voltage wave. (3) During the succeeding dark period there appears to be no transport of charges across the air spaces, so that the charges accumulated on the inner surfaces of the dielectrics during one discharge period remain to influence the starting of the next discharge period. (4) An equation has been found which gives the power consumption of an ozonator in terms of the peak voltage, the capacity of the dielectrics, the frequency and the discharge potential, e 0 . (5) Methods have been found for measuring e 0 , which proves to be proportional to the spacing, d, and the air density : <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>28.6</mml:mn> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">kv</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">cm</mml:mi> </mml:math> . at 0°C, 760 mm. This is considerably lower than the potential for spark breakdown at comparable spacing.
Two approaches to singularity-consistent motion of nonredundant robotic mechanisms (2002)

In this paper we discuss the relation between the two approaches to velocity command generation for nonredundant robotic mechanisms, which the two groups of the authors proposed recently and independently of each other. It will be shown analytically that the singularity-consistent null space based approach, and the split Jacobian approach, are equivalent. Analysis of the behavior at a singularity will be presented from the viewpoint of both approaches. An analytical example will be used to demonstrate the theoretical results.