gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>C-fos</i>Assessment as a Marker of Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Effect (2006)

Factors predicting sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade are largely unknown and new strategies are being sought to individualize cancer therapy. This study evaluated the variation in the expression of the early response gene c-fos as a distal effect of EGFR inhibition and its relationship to antitumor effects. The growth-inhibitory and c-fos-modulating effects of gefitinib and erlotinib in human cancer cell lines (A431, CAL27, HN11, HuCCT1, and Hep2) were determined. Next, these cell lines were xenografted in mice and treated for 14 days with gefitinib (A431 and HuCCT1) or erlotinib (CAL27, HN11, and Hep2). Fine needle aspiration biopsy of tumors was done at baseline and after 14 days of therapy for c-fos assessment. In addition, we tested the feasibility of analyzing this marker in five paired tumor samples from a clinical trial of gefitinib in patients with solid tumors. In culture, gefitinib and erlotinib decreased c-fos mRNA levels in the susceptible cell lines A431, CAL27, and HN11; however, both drugs failed to achieve c-fos inhibition in resistant cells. Gefitinib or erlotinib abrogated the increase in c-fos expression in vivo in EGFR-sensitive A431, CAL27, and HN11 tumors but not in resistant strains. Ex vivo evaluation was feasible and predicted in vivo effects. The feasibility study in paired human tumor biopsies showed that this biomarker can be reliably measured in clinical materials. In summary, variations in c-fos expression reflect the pharmacologic actions of EGFR inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models.
33 ps optical switching of symmetric self-electro-optic effect devices (1990)

We report significant improvement in the optical switching times of symmetric self-electro-optic effect devices due to enhanced tunneling by using a 35 Å barrier versus the previous 60 Å barrier thick multiple quantum well GaAs/AlxGa(1−x)As devices. Also, the voltage required for bistability was reduced from 10 V in the thick barrier devices to 3 V in the thin barrier devices with no apparent degradation in the contrast ratio.
Robotics for rehabilitation of hand movement in stroke survivors (2019)

This article aims to give an overall review of research status in hand rehabilitation robotic technology, evaluating a number of devices. The main scope is to explore the current state of art to help and support designers and clinicians make better choices among varied devices and components. The review also focuses on both mechanical design, usability and training paradigms since these parts are interconnected for an effective hand recovery. In order to study the rehabilitation robotic technology status, the devices have been divided in two categories: end-effector robots and exoskeleton devices. The end-effector robots are more flexible than exoskeleton devices in fitting the different size of hands, reducing the setup time and increasing the usability for new patients. They suffer from the control of distal joints and haptic aspects of object manipulation. In this way, exoskeleton devices may represent a new opportunity. Nevertheless their design is complex and a deep investigation of hand biomechanics and physical human–robot interaction is required. The main hand exoskeletons have been developed in the last decade and the results are promising demonstrated by the growth of the commercialized devices. Finally, a discussion on the complexity to define which design is better and more effective than the other one is summarized for future investigations.
Effects of Molecular Structure on the Properties of Terminally Cyano-Substituted Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes (1985)

Abstract The synthesis and properties of a range of liquid crystalline side chain polysiloxanes are described. The effects of changes in chemical structure, such as lateral substitution, on the properties of these materials are discussed, and comparisons are made with the effects of similar structural changes in low molar mass materials. By selecting suitable side chains for homopolymers and copolymers, room temperature smectic, nematic and cholesteric (chiral nematic) polysiloxanes of positive dielectric anisotropy have been prepared, including the first example of a nematic siloxane homopolymer containing a cyano-group.
Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase synergistically suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis (2014)

Prostaglandins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway are important eicosanoids that regulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. COX-2 inhibitors, which block the formation of prostaglandins, suppress tumor growth, whereas sEH inhibitors, which increase endogenous EETs, stimulate primary tumor growth and metastasis. However, the functional interactions of these two pathways in cancer are unknown. Using pharmacological inhibitors as probes, we show here that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH synergistically inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. COX-2/sEH dual pharmacological inhibitors also potently suppress primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via selective inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. These results demonstrate a critical interaction of these two lipid metabolism pathways on tumorigenesis and suggest dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
Algorithms for Solving Dynamic Models With Occasionally Binding Constraints (1994)

We describe several methods for approximating the solution to a model in which inequality constraints occasionally bind, and we compare their performance. We apply the methods to a particular model economy which satisfies two criteria: It is similar to the type of model used in actual research applications, and it is sufficiently simple that we can compute what we presume is virtually the exact solution. We have two results. First, all the algorithms are reasonably accurate. Second, on the basis of speed, accuracy and convenience of implementation, one algorithm dominates the rest. We show how to implement this algorithm in a general multidimensional setting, and discuss the likelihood that the results based on our example economy generalize.
Probabilistic job symbiosis modeling for SMT processor scheduling (2010)

Symbiotic job scheduling boosts simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processor performance by co-scheduling jobs that have `compatible' demands on the processor's shared resources. Existing approaches however require a sampling phase, evaluate a limited number of possible co-schedules, use heuristics to gauge symbiosis, are rigid in their optimization target, and do not preserve system-level priorities/shares. This paper proposes probabilistic job symbiosis modeling, which predicts whether jobs will create positive or negative symbiosis when co-scheduled without requiring the co-schedule to be evaluated. The model, which uses per-thread cycle stacks computed through a previously proposed cycle accounting architecture, is simple enough to be used in system software. Probabilistic job symbiosis modeling provides six key innovations over prior work in symbiotic job scheduling: (i) it does not require a sampling phase, (ii) it readjusts the job co-schedule continuously, (iii) it evaluates a large number of possible co-schedules at very low overhead, (iv) it is not driven by heuristics, (v) it can optimize a performance target of interest (e.g., system throughput or job turnaround time), and (vi) it preserves system-level priorities/shares. These innovations make symbiotic job scheduling both practical and effective. Our experimental evaluation, which assumes a realistic scenario in which jobs come and go, reports an average 16% (and up to 35%) reduction in job turnaround time compared to the previously proposed SOS (sample, optimize, symbios) approach for a two-thread SMT processor, and an average 19% (and up to 45%) reduction in job turnaround time for a four-thread SMT processor.
High density recording characteristics of sputtered γ-Fe2O3 thin-film disks (1982)

Sputtered γ-Fe2O3 thin films are attractive in practical application to high density magnetic recording. This paper presents basic processes of γ-Fe2O3 thin-film fabrication, magnetic properties, and high density recording characteristics of the films. The film is prepared by reactive sputtering of an iron alloy containing a small amount of Co, Ti, and/or Cu in an Ar-O2 atmosphere on anodized Al alloy substrates and successive heat treatment. The film shows a high coercivity of 1000 Oe and a coercive squareness of 0.84 with the reduced thickness. The anodized Al alloy provides hard, smooth, and chemically stable substrates. The continuous γ-Fe2O3 thin films show high recording density with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). First, the recording characteristics of the film employed in practical disk storage with the areal recording density of 24 000 bit/mm2 are described. SNR improves as the average crystallite size decreases. It is shown that 35 dB can be obtained at the linear density of 1000 flux reversals/mm with the track width of 10 μm. Finally, the density D6dB of 2600 flux reversals/mm is experimentally shown by using a Mn-Zn ferrite head with the small gap length of 2g = 0.15 μm operated at the heat-medium spacing of 0.1 μm.
Circular-arc single layer microstrip antenna for wideband applications (2004)

A circular-arc microstrip patch antennas with a V-shape slot is presented in this paper. With this new configuration, a 40% impedance bandwidth is achieved. The impedance and polarization characteristics of this antenna are also investigated.
Exercise blood flow and microvascular distensibility in skeletal muscle normalize after heart transplantation (1999)

This study investigated the effect of heart transplantation (HTX) on reduced exercise blood flow and microvascular stiffness in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) during graded maximal supine bicycle exercise and microvascular distensibility (i.e., stiffness) were measured in musculus tibialis anterior by the isotope washout method. Measurements were performed in a cross-sectional study with 31 CHF patients and 28 patients, mean 9 months after HTX, and in a longitudinal study in 12 CHF patients before, 3 months, and 14 months after HTX, and in 31 healthy controls. Maximal SMBF: In the cross-sectional study, maximal SMBF was reduced in severe CHF patients (3.6 +/- 2.5 mL (100 g min)(-1)) and increased after HTX (7.7 +/- 4.8; p < 0.01 versus controls (11 +/- 4.1). Maximal SMBF was reduced in CHF patients (5.8 +/- 4.0) and reversed to normalization 3 months after HTX (10.3 +/- 4.4) in the longitudinal study. Microvascular distensibility: The distensibility was reduced (severe CHF, 12 +/- 8%; moderate CHF, 23 +/- 14%) in the cross-sectional study and increased after HTX towards normalization (38 +/-20%; controls: 44 +/- 17). In the longitudinal study, distensibility in CHF patients (14 +/- 6%) increased gradually to 32 +/- 12% (p < 0.005) at 3 months and normalized 14 months after HTX (46 +/- 17%). HTX gradually reversed the reduced SMBF and microvascular distensibility in CHF patients towards normalization.
A Knowledge-Based System for Message Translation. (Volumes I and II). (1989)

This research addresses the use of a knowledge-based interface to provide the communication service of message translation. The focus of this research is on the technical feasibility of using a knowledge-based design to perform this service for programmable devices on the shop-floor. The uniqueness of this approach is in the use of a knowledge-based design for the software interface. This method of implementation is different from the procedural programming approach used in today's custom interfaces. This research asserts that use of a knowledge-based design will result in an interface system that is easier to construct and maintain than an interface based on the procedural programming. Based on the proposed design, a prototype knowledge-based interface was developed. This prototype was successfully applied in four different applications. Each of these applications involved the translation of messages between the Manufacturing Message Format Standard (MMFS) messaging language and one of four device-specific languages selected for study. These languages represent devices of the type: programmable logic controllers, robots, and NC machines. The capability of the system to provide the translation service was demonstrated using simulated messaging for each device. The system was also adapted for connection with a robot. The resulting design of the interface revealed that the system does impose several restrictions on the messaging languages. These restrictions are expressed in the form of rules which specify if a messaging language is appropriate for use with the system. The requirements and limitations of the design were identified based on the adaptation of the system to each of the different languages. The benefits of the system and recommendations for future work are presented.
DISPERSION (ELECTROSTATIC/MECHANICAL) AND FUEL PROPERTIES EFFECTS ON SOOT PROPENSITY IN CLUSTERS OF DROPS (1998)

Soot propensity is studied numerically for an initially binary size, axisymmetric cluster of evaporating drops by defining it as the propensity for nucleation reactions to occur; the study does not address physical or chemical processes ensuing after soot nucleation, such as soot oxidation effects resulting from the fuel molecular structure. The relative magnitude of the fuel vapor partial density is taken as an indication of the soot nucleation magnitude; thus, the effect of drop dispersion on soot (precursor) formation is isolated from that of soot production resulting from formation/destruction by oxidation. The cluster is embedded in an inviscid vortex and exchanges mass, momentum, species, and energy with its surroundings. The vortical motion disperses the drops and the initial cluster evolves into a cylindrical shell with an inner and an outer boundary. In addition to the forces resulting from the vortical motion, an electrostatic force acts on the cluster when the drops are charged; in this situation, the drops might become small enough to reach the Rayleigh limit. Results are obtained for typical vortical motion times having the same order of magnitude as the drop lifetime. Analysis of the results shows that the motion of uncharged drops is determined primarily by centrifugation, whereas for charged drops the electrostatic dispersion becomes the dominant influence in the outer part of the cluster. In the range of parameters investigated, mechanical dispersion cannot rival electrostatically induced dispersion for decreasing the fuel vapor partial density. An additional feature of drop charging is the maintenance of a finite slip velocity in the outer part of the cluster, thereby compounding the advantage of increased dispersion to enhanced evaporation. The results also show that mechanical dispersion combined with electrostatic dispersion does not have a substantial advantage over electrostatic dispersion alone. For uncharged drops it has been found that the latent heat governs soot propensity at small drop dispersion, whereas the liquid density becomes increasingly important with increasing drop dispersion. Drop charging does not affect the influence of fuel physical properties on soot propensity.
25 Gbaud DQPSK receiver integrated on the hybrid silicon platform (2011)

A monolithic 25 Gbaud DQPSK receiver based on delay interferometers and balanced detection was fabricated on hybrid silicon platform. We report preliminary results regarding the characterization of the InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors and the delay interferometer.
Optical imaging in vivo with a focus on paediatric disease: technical progress, current preclinical and clinical applications and future perspectives (2011)

To obtain information on the occurrence and location of molecular events as well as to track target-specific probes such as antibodies or peptides, drugs or even cells non-invasively over time, optical imaging (OI) technologies are increasingly applied. Although OI strongly contributes to the advances made in preclinical research, it is so far, with the exception of optical coherence tomography (OCT), only very sparingly applied in clinical settings. Nevertheless, as OI technologies evolve and improve continuously and represent relatively inexpensive and harmful methods, their implementation as clinical tools for the assessment of children disease is increasing. This review focuses on the current preclinical and clinical applications as well as on the future potential of OI in the clinical routine. Herein, we summarize the development of different fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging techniques for microscopic and macroscopic visualization of microstructures and biological processes. In addition, we discuss advantages and limitations of optical probes with distinct mechanisms of target-detection as well as of different bioluminescent reporter systems. Particular attention has been given to the use of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes enabling observation of molecular events in deeper tissue.
Evaluation of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in drug binding to dihydrofolate reductase (1988)

The interaction of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli with drugs such as methotrexate (MTX) and 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethylpteridine (DAM) has been studied by means of site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and steady-state as well as transient kinetics. A strictly conserved residue at the dihydrofolate binding site of DHFR, phenylalanine-31, has been replaced with tyrosine or valine to ascertain the importance for binding of this hydrophobic amino acid, which interacts with both the pteridine ring and the p-aminobenzoyl moiety. The first mutation (Phe-31----Tyr) has a minimal effect on the binding of the classical inhibitor, DAM. On the other hand, the second mutation (Phe-31----Val) has increased the dissociation constant of DAM from the DHFR.NADPH.DAM ternary complex over 150-fold (greater than 3 kcal/mol). The dissociation constant of DAM from the (Val31-DHFR).DAM binary complex was too large to be measured fluorometrically. More importantly, these mutations have decreased the overall tight binding of MTX, from 100- to 140-fold (corresponding to a loss of binding energy of 2.2-2.4 kcal/mol) for the Tyr-31 and Val-31 mutants, respectively. These results indicate that hydrophobic interactions between MTX and DHFR are at least as important as formation of the MTX.DHFR salt bridge in the tight binding of MTX.
X-GANs: Image Reconstruction Made Easy for Extreme Cases (2018)

Image reconstruction including image restoration and denoising is a challenging problem in the field of image computing. We present a new method, called X-GANs, for reconstruction of arbitrary corrupted resource based on a variant of conditional generative adversarial networks (conditional GANs). In our method, a novel generator and multi-scale discriminators are proposed, as well as the combined adversarial losses, which integrate a VGG perceptual loss, an adversarial perceptual loss, and an elaborate corresponding point loss together based on the analysis of image feature. Our conditional GANs have enabled a variety of applications in image reconstruction, including image denoising, image restoration from quite a sparse sampling, image inpainting, image recovery from the severely polluted block or even color-noise dominated images, which are extreme cases and haven't been addressed in the status quo. We have significantly improved the accuracy and quality of image reconstruction. Extensive perceptual experiments on datasets ranging from human faces to natural scenes demonstrate that images reconstructed by the presented approach are considerably more realistic than alternative work. Our method can also be extended to handle high-ratio image compression.
Synthetic routes to cyclopropyl-substituted azoalkanes. Some reactions of cyclopropylcarbinyl cyanates, isocyanates, benzoates, and p-nitrobenzoates (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic routes to cyclopropyl-substituted azoalkanes. Some reactions of cyclopropylcarbinyl cyanates, isocyanates, benzoates, and p-nitrobenzoatesJack W. Timberlake and James Cullen MartinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 11, 4054–4060Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01275a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01275a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-contact acquisition of respiration and heart rates using Doppler radar with time domain peak-detection algorithm (2017)

The non-contact measurement of the respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) using a Doppler radar has attracted more attention in the field of home healthcare monitoring, due to the extremely low burden on patients, unconsciousness and unconstraint. Most of the previous studies have performed the frequency-domain analysis of radar signals to detect the respiration and heartbeat frequency. However, these procedures required long period time (approximately 30 s) windows to obtain a high-resolution spectrum. In this study, we propose a time-domain peak detection algorithm for the fast acquisition of the RR and HR within a breathing cycle (approximately 5 s), including inhalation and exhalation. Signal pre-processing using an analog band-pass filter (BPF) that extracts respiration and heartbeat signals was performed. Thereafter, the HR and RR were calculated using a peak position detection method, which was carried out via LABVIEW. To evaluate the measurement accuracy, we measured the HR and RR of seven subjects in the laboratory. As a reference of HR and RR, the persons wore contact sensors i.e., an electrocardiograph (ECG) and a respiration band. The time domain peak-detection algorithm, based on the Doppler radar, exhibited a significant correlation coefficient of HR of 0.92 and a correlation coefficient of RR of 0.99, between the ECG and respiration band, respectively.