gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Top-Gate Amorphous Silicon TFT With Self-Aligned Silicide Source/Drain and High Mobility (2008)

We report a process for top-gate amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (alpha-Si TFTs) that employs a self-aligned metal silicide for source and drain (S/D). All process steps, including deposition of active layers and formation of metal silicide, are accomplished at temperatures that are less than or equal to 280degC. The thermal budget is compatible with flexible polymer substrates. The fabricated devices exhibit threshold voltages of ~2.7 V, saturation electron field-effect mobility of 1.0 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ldr s, subthreshold slope of 600 mV/dec, and on/off ratio of ~2 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . These top-gate alpha-Si TFTs with self-aligned silicide S/D have dc performance that is comparable to that of conventional bottom-gate alpha-Si TFTs. Our results suggest that the top-gate alpha-Si TFT geometry merits reevaluation for industrial use.
<title>Novel technique for performing ellipsometric measurements in a submicrometer area</title> (1994)

We have developed a novel technique for performing simple phase-sensitive optical measurements in a sub-micrometer area. We presently use this technique to measure film stacks commonly found in the semiconductor industry. This article explains the theory behind this technique and presents several examples demonstrating the capabilities of the system.
Differential optical switching at subnanowatt input power (1989)

An operating technique for a differential optical switching device based on a set of parallel-connected pnpn structures is discussed. The differential function at subnanowatt input powers was demonstrated with AlGaAs/GaAs pnpn devices. The highly sensitive devices are promising for applications both to optical neural networks and to optical digital computing because of the low power consumption of the light emitting devices and the large fan-in/fan-out ratio ( approximately 10/sup 5/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human acid beta-glucosidase: isolation and amino acid sequence of a peptide containing the catalytic site. (1986)

Human acid beta-glucosidase (D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45) cleaves the glucosidic bonds of glucosylceramide and synthetic beta-glucosides. The deficient activity of this hydrolase is the enzymatic defect in the subtypes and variants of Gaucher disease, the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease. To isolate and characterize the catalytic site of the normal enzyme, brominated 3H-labeled conduritol B epoxide (3H-Br-CBE), which inhibits the enzyme by binding covalently to this site, was used as an affinity label. Under optimal conditions 1 mol of 3H-Br-CBE bound to 1 mol of pure enzyme protein, indicating the presence of a single catalytic site per enzyme subunit. After V8 protease digestion of the 3H-Br-CBE-labeled homogeneous enzyme, three radiolabeled peptides, designated peptide A, B, or C, were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. The partial amino acid sequence (37 residues) of peptide A (Mr, 5000) was determined. The sequence of this peptide, which contained the catalytic site, had exact homology to the sequence near the carboxyl terminus of the protein, as predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the full-length cDNA encoding acid beta-glucosidase.
Name-Ethnicity Classification and Ethnicity-Sensitive Name Matching (2021)

Personal names are important and common information in many data sources, ranging from social networks and news articles to patient records and scientific documents.They are often used as queries for retrieving records and also as key information for linking documents from multiple sources. Matching personal names can be challenging due to variations in spelling and various formatting of names. While many approximated name matching techniques have been proposed, most are generic string-matching algorithms. Unlike other types of proper names, personal names are highly cultural. Many ethnicities have their own unique naming systems and identifiable characteristics. In this paper we explore such relationships between ethnicities and personal names to improve the name matching performance. First, we propose a name-ethnicity classifier based on the multinomial logistic regression. Our model can effectively identify name-ethnicity from personal names in Wikipedia, which we use to define name-ethnicity, to within 85\% accuracy.Next, we propose a novel alignment-based name matching algorithm, based on Smith–Waterman algorithm and logistic regression.Different name matching models are then trained for different name-ethnicity groups.Our preliminary experimental result on DBLP's disambiguated author dataset yields a performance of 99\% precision and 89\% recall.Surprisingly, textual features carry more weight than phonetic ones in name-ethnicity classification.
Pulsed-laser generation of ultrashort acoustic pulses: Application for thin-film ultrasonic measurements (1984)

We demonstrate nondestructive optoacoustic generation and detection of acoustic pulses of 1-ns duration in condensed matter. Such optoacoustic pulses are at least one order of magnitude shorter than those previously reported. These narrow acoustic pulses find new application for thin-film pulse measurements, which are not possible with conventional transducer techniques. Round trip echo times are measured to 1% accuracy for stainless steel films of 12-μm thickness. This provides a new high accuracy thickness measurement in a pulsed mode. Ultrasonic attenuation for the narrow acoustic pulses is very large and is also measured.
Specimen replication for electron microscopy using x rays and x-ray resist (1976)

We point out the advantages of the use of x-ray resist as the recording medium in contact x-ray micrography, with subsequent viewing under the scanning electron microscope. Untreated specimens may be replicated with a resolution better than 100 nm. Photographs of latex spheres obtained by this technique are presented.
The design and development of frequency selective surfaces for phased arrays (1999)

A step-by-step procedure for the design of frequency selective surfaces is outlined. Broadband techniques are demonstrated. Measured results have been recorded for each configuration to substantiate the RF performance.
Strategies for Controlled Placement of Nanoscale Building Blocks (2007)

The capability of placing individual nanoscale building blocks on exact substrate locations in a controlled manner is one of the key requirements to realize future electronic, optical, and magnetic devices and sensors that are composed of such blocks. This article reviews some important advances in the strategies for controlled placement of nanoscale building blocks. In particular, we will overview template assisted placement that utilizes physical, molecular, or electrostatic templates, DNA-programmed assembly, placement using dielectrophoresis, approaches for non-close-packed assembly of spherical particles, and recent development of focused placement schemes including electrostatic funneling, focused placement via molecular gradient patterns, electrodynamic focusing of charged aerosols, and others.
Polypyrrole film with striped pattern (2004)

Abstract We produced a stripe‐patterned surface using a polypyrrole film and a polyurethane elastic sheet. The pattern was obtained as follows. First, we drew the polyurethane sheet. The polypyrrole film was then formed onto the sheet that was kept drawn. After releasing the drawing, we obtained a stripe‐patterned surface made of the polypyrrole film. The elongation ratio of the sheet and the thickness of the polypyrrole film controlled the width and the depth of the stripe. The width obtained ranged from ca. 5 to 100 μm and the depth ranged from ca. 1 to 15 μm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2460–2466, 2004
Sand control. Pt. 3. How to avoid poorly designed or plugged perforations that impair productivity and prevent effective sand control (1975)

This article covers jet- and bullet-type perforating and effects of proper perforation design on well performance and sand control, including (1) how to design perforations and shot density to obtain desired productivity and correct flow characteristics within the perforation; (2) sources of perforation tunnel plugging and effects on well flow and sand control installations; and (3) modern methods of perforating cleaning--underbalance, backflow, backsurge, washing, and acid stimulation. This overview of significant research on perforating proves that factors such as true hole size and shot density, flow characteristics through the casing well-cement sheath tunnel and permanent damage that the shot itself can create in the formation greatly affect productivity and sand control. (16 refs.)
Kinetics of the Early Hydration of Tricalcium Aluminate in Solutions Containing Calcium Sulfate (1984)

The rates of reaction of 3CaO. Al 2 O 3 , in sulfate‐containing solutions of three compositions were investigated. It was observed that the rates of calcium and sulfate uptake decreased with increasing calcium hydroxide concentration. In a further experiment using a calcium sulfate solution, which also contained NaOH, it was established that the kinetics of calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate formation are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl ion concentration. The rate of sulfate ion consumption per unit surface area of 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 was observed to be constant during the period in which a calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate is a reaction product. The ratio of calcium‐to‐sulfate ions consumed in the hydration reactions investigated exceeded unity suggesting the formation of 4CaO·Al 2 O 3 · n H 2 O in addition to ettringite.
Ablation index, a novel marker of ablation lesion quality: prediction of pulmonary vein reconnection at repeat electrophysiology study and regional differences in target values (2016)

The minimum AI value in a PVI segment is independently predictive of reconnection of that segment at repeat electrophysiology study. Higher AI and FTI values are required for anterior/roof segments than for posterior/inferior segments to prevent reconnection.
Textile integrated sensors and actuators for near-infrared spectroscopy (2013)

Being the closest layer to our body, textiles provide an ideal platform for integrating sensors and actuators to monitor physiological signals. We used a woven textile to integrate photodiodes and light emitting diodes. LEDs and photodiodes enable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems to monitor arterial oxygen saturation and oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in human tissue. Photodiodes and LEDs are mounted on flexible plastic strips with widths of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The strips are woven during the textile fabrication process in weft direction and interconnected with copper wires with a diameter of 71 μm in warp direction. The sensor textile is applied to measure the pulse waves in the fingertip and the changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin during a venous occlusion at the calf. The system has a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 70 dB and a system drift of 0.37% ± 0.48%. The presented work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating photodiodes and LEDs into woven textiles, a step towards wearable health monitoring devices.
An review of fully digital audio class D amplifiers topologies (2009)

Class D amplifiers are widely used in portable systems such as mobile phones to achieve high efficiency. This paper presents topologies of full digital class D amplifiers in order to remove the analog DAC in the amplification path. This approach increases the playback time of embedded system. In first session, open-loop digital class D and digital modulation are discussed. The characterization of an open-loop class D prototype, using a CMOS 130 nm ASIC and a FPGA, confirms the advantage of such systems to reach a long battery life. Then, solutions with closed-loop topologies are proposed to increase linearity and power supply rejection of digital class D. Simulation results of closed-loop topologies, showing an increased in sound quality, are presented as well.
Role of transmethylation reactions in alcoholic liver disease (2007)

Alcoholic liver disease is a major health care problem worldwide. Findings from many laboratories, including ours, have demonstrated that ethanol feeding impairs several of the many steps involved in methionine metabolism. Ethanol consumption predominantly results in a decrease in the hepatocyte level of S-adenosylmethionine and the increases in two toxic metabolites, homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. These changes, in turn, result in serious functional consequences which include decreases in essential methylation reactions via inhibition of various methyltransferases. Of particular interest to our laboratory is the inhibition of three important enzymes, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase and protein L-isoaspartate methyltransferase. Decreased activity of these enzymes results in increased fat deposition, increased apoptosis and increased accumulation of damaged proteins-all of which are hallmark features of alcoholic liver injury. Of all the therapeutic modalities available, betaine has been shown to be the safest, least expensive and most effective in attenuating ethanol-induced liver injury. Betaine, by virtue of aiding in the remethylation of homocysteine, removes both toxic metabolites (homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine), restores S-adenosylmethionine level, and reverses steatosis, apoptosis and damaged proteins accumulation. In conclusion, betaine appears to be a promising therapeutic agent in relieving the methylation and other defects associated with alcoholic abuse.
Fabrication of Self-Assembled Nanosphere Templates to Investigate the Magnetic Behavior of Permalloy Cap Layers (2018)

The Langmuir-Blodgett deposition process is investigated for creating polystyrene nanosphere monolayers on a hydrophilic silicon substrate. The monolayers are fabricated over areas ~1 cm2 and sputter coated with 100Å of permalloy. The quality of the monolayers is analyzed with optical microscope image processing, and 2D Fourier transforms of electron microscope images. The magnetic switching behavior of the sputtered samples is measured using an alternating gradient magnetometer, and compared to completely flat permalloy. The magnetic hysteresis measurements are done at different angle between the easy and hard axis of the flat permalloy films. The measurements show different hysteresis shapes for nanosphere patterned permalloy and flat permalloy, with the difference becoming greater nearer the hard axis of the flat permalloy samples. The ambiguity of an easy or hard axis on a curved surface is likely to contribute to the difference in magnetic switching behavior between the two sample types.
Advanced Open Hole Multilaterals (2002)

Abstract Stimulating oil production from Algeria's Hassi Messaoud oil field has proven to be a difficult proposition. Sonatrach is now achieving substantial production increases from non-producing assets with an aggressive re-entry well program. The key to success is a combination of new technologies. Some 600 of the vertically drilled wells are candidates for reentry and rework to drill horizontal laterals, however to be eligible they must meet the following basic criteria which Sonatrach have established: They must be open hole completions.They must have been shut in for a long time – effectively since being drilled. The zone of interest is the Upper Cambrian, an extremely hard and abrasive sandstone and quartzite formation that are extremely difficult to drill. Kicking off laterals in these re-entry wells is therefore challenging and required the development of new tools in order to do so effectively. Additional challenges were posed by the requirements to be able to isolate the laterals, tie them back to the original cased hole and provide for thru tubing re-entry capabilities. This paper addresses the milling, drilling and completion issues relevant to these wells and discusses the solutions arrived at. Using a typical well re-entry case history, it details the steps taken to create a TAML1 level 1 open hole multilateral (or a psuedo type level 3 with mechanical integrity) combined with either through tubing completion or conventional tubular completion. It will describe how a combination of liner hanger and inflatable packer technology, together with a large bore completion allowing for selective thru tubing re-entry, has led to several successful installations. Future installations will consist of level 3 multilateral junction hardware that will be utilized to provide formation support and simpler reentry and where required the addition of lateral isolation to cut off gas encroachment. An extensive gas injection program (and in some cases water injection) is utilized in the field to assist in production recovery. The use of annular casing packers in conjunction with liner or tubular plugs will allow for isolation shutoff of either lateral at some later date when gas or water influx offsets oil production gain.
THE GEOMETRY OF QUANTUM STATES (1960)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Iterative channel estimation for non-binary LDPC-coded OFDM signals (2010)

This work tackles the issue of channel estimation in the context of non-binary-LDPC-coded OFDM systems over doubly-selective multipath channels. The properties of channel encoding are exploited to derive an iterative Wiener-filter-based estimation method using both time and frequency channel correlation. The proposed algorithm can use either soft information or hard decisions fed back by the decoder to refine the channel estimation, so as to improve the system performance at the expense of an increased receiver complexity. Simulation results under typical working conditions are presented to compare the proposed method with classical techniques.
Intelligent Sensor Networks - an Agent-Oriented Approach (2005)

This paper describes the agent oriented programming paradigm for development of intelligent sensor networks. The case study was performed by implementing a testbed using JADE, Java Agent DEvelopment Framework, as a basis of testing this proposed approach, and making implemental experiences of the agent paradigms maturity for dynamic wireless sensor networks. The application of the specific implementation is an Unattended Ground Sensor Network, UGSN, for surveillance of moving targets. An intelligent sensor network in this case should consist of autonomous sensor nodes, which exchange information, reason and collaborate with each other. The UGSN should preserve energy resources and work as one unit when delivering fused and compiled sensor information to the end user.
Pervaporation Reactor for Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol: Modeling and Simulation (2008)

Pervaporation has emerged as an energy efficient and highly selective separation process in the last few years for the separation of volatile products and for the dehydration of organic chemicals. The productivity and conversion rate can be significantly increased when reaction is coupled with pervaporation, i.e., pervaporation reactor. Techno-economic studies revealed that pervaporation reactors have good market potential in process industries. An esterification reaction between an alcohol and an acid in the presence of a catalyst is the most common reaction system studied in pervaporation reactor. This is reversible reaction and industrial high conversion can be achieved by adding a large excess of acid. A water selective pervaporation membrane can be used in the esterification reactor; which can shift the equilibrium to the right, thus reducing the excess reactants. In the present paper, modeling and simulation of esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol coupled with pervaporation (pervaporation reactor) were carried out. The model was validated using available experimental data and a good agreement was found. Effects of various parameters, such as process temperature, initial mole ratio of acetic acid over n-butanol, and the ratio of the effective membrane area over the volume of reacting mixture and catalyst content, flux on the esteri?cation reaction in pervaporation reactor were discussed. The following optimum conditions were obtained: temperature = 800C, catalyst concentration = 0.0298 kmol/m3, initial molar reactant ratio (acetic acid/n-butanol) = 1.3, ratio of effective membrane area to the reaction volume = 23 m-1, flux = two times of base value. Presented model can be used for the performance study of pervaporation reactor for various esterification reactions.
Correlated metallic state of vanadium dioxide (2006)

The metal-insulator transition and unconventional metallic transport in vanadium dioxide $(\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ are investigated with a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectance measurements. The data indicate that electronic correlations, not electron-phonon interactions, govern charge dynamics in the metallic state of $\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. This study focuses on the frequency and temperature dependence of the conductivity in the regime of extremely short mean free path violating the Ioffe-Regel-Mott limit of metallic transport. The standard quasiparticle picture of charge conduction is found to be untenable in metallic $\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Compact Cell Blocks (1998)

The compact cell block is about 10-20% the size of a conventional cell block, yet more cells are on display, thus reducing the need for deeper cuts and screening time while increasing the efficiency of cytodiagnosis. The compact cell block technique is particularly helpful for endometrial brush biopsies.
Lovastatin Inhibits α-Farnesene Biosynthesis and Scald Development in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' Apples and `d'Anjou' Pears (2000)

Effects of Lovastatin treatment on ethylene production, α-farnesene biosynthesis, and scald development were studied using `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and `d'Anjou' pears ( Pyrus communis L.) stored in air at 0 °C. During 6 months storage, Lovastatin did not affect internal ethylene concentration but reduced α-farnesene production in a concentration dependent manner in both apples and pears. Lovastatin reduced scald at 0.63 mmol·L -1 and inhibited scald completely at 1.25 or 2.50 mmol·L -1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. In `d'Anjou' pears, Lovastatin at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.25 mmol·L -1 inhibited scald completely. After 8 months storage, inhibition of scald in both apples and pears by Lovastatin was concentration-dependent but none of the concentrations totally eliminated scald. Compared with 11.8 mmol·L -1 diphenylamine, Lovastatin treatment reduced scald to the same level at 1.25 mmol·L -1 in `d'Anjou' pear and 2.50 mmol·L -1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. Lovastatin did not affect apple or pear fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, or titratable acidity during storage in either apple or pear compared with the controls. Chemical name used: [1S-[1a (R °), 3α, 7β, 8β (2S °, 4S °), 8αβ]]-1,2,3,7,8,8α-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthaienyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin).