gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>A Tunable Dye Laser In The 400-500 nm Range For Picosecond Spectroscopy</title> (1977)

This paper reports recent results in the development of a picosecond short cavity dye laser designed to operate in the 400-500 nm range. The short cavity dye laser is axially pumped with a single Nd<sup>+3</sup>: glass third harmonic pulse of 11 ps. The output pulse duration, measured with a light gate, is less than 13.8 ps. A theoretical analysis of the laser rate equations is presented which indicates that this blue output pulse may be as short as 1.5 ps and transform limited. single and multiple mode operation are reported with individual mode bandwidths of ≈0.2 nm. Gross tuning of the laser is accomplished by changing dyes and demonstrated for the spectral region of 396 nm to 470 nm. Finer tuning is accomplished by changing the cavity length, while the finest wavelength selection is produced by changing the pumping angle. The maximum energy conversion efficiency measured is ≈6%. This laser should be useful as a broadband source for picosecond spectroscopy of solutions or a nar-rowband source for excitation of gases or low temperature crystals. No practical source of high-power, tunable picosecond pulses in the spectral region of this laser has been previously reported.
Effect of night and day on preterm infants in a newborn nursery: randomised trial. (1986)

The effect of alternating night and day on sleep, feeding, and weight gain in 41 healthy preterm infants was examined in a randomised controlled trial. Twenty infants from a night and day nursery, where the intensity of light and noise was reduced between 7 pm and 7 am, spent longer sleeping and less time feeding and gained more weight than 21 infants from a control nursery, where the intensity of light and noise was not reduced. Differences were significant and became apparent only after discharge home; they were still present three months after the expected date of delivery, when infants from the night and day nursery were an average of 0.5 kg heavier (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that physical environment has an effect (either direct or indirect) on the subsequent behaviour of preterm infants and that exposure to night and day is beneficial.
Concise Review: Towards the Clinical Translation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Cells—<i>Ready for Take-Off</i> (2018)

Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up a world of possibilities for regenerative medicine and novel cell-based therapeutics. Now, over a decade later, robust reprogramming and expansion and differentiation protocols have been developed, and iPSC-derived cells have been used in a wide variety of small and large animal models to treat many different diseases. Furthermore, the first iPSC derivatives are on their way into clinical trials. In this line, (i) GMP-compliant generation, cultivation, and differentiation, (ii) preclinical efficacy and safety, as well as (iii) ethical and regulatory compliance of stem cell research represent important aspects that need to be evaluated for proper clinical translation of iPSCs and their derivatives. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of the clinical translation of iPSC-derived blood cells and highlight the most pressing problems that have to be overcome in the next years. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:332-339.
Automatic generation of simulation models from neutral libraries: an example (2000)

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have proposed the development of neutral libraries of simulation components. The availability of such libraries would simplify the generation of simulation models, enable component-based modeling, and speed Internet-based simulation services. The result would be a reduction in the complexity of simulation modeling and analysis. In this paper, we consider a discrete-event simulation of the flow of jobs through a job shop. We describe the information requirements for the components in that simulation and provide formal models based on those requirements. We then derive a database structure from these formal models and discuss the population of that database with the data entries for a sample job shop. Finally, we examine the translators we developed to go from the neutral representation of the simulation components to the representation required by a commercial simulation package.
Performance evaluation of fixed-beam beamforming in WCDMA downlink (2002)

This paper studies downlink beamforming applied to the WCDMA system. The downlink performance of single-antenna transmission in a base station (BS) sector with 120/spl deg/ (reference case) is compared to the beamforming with a fixed-beam antenna array having two beams. The paper consists of link level simulations and the analysis of the simulation results. The performance is studied by using the so-called G-modelling principles, where G denotes geometry. Simulation results indicate that the fixed-beam approach could offer feasible coverage and capacity extension especially in macro cell environments. The downlink performance of a beamforming WCDMA BS deteriorates significantly in environments with large angular spread.
Homologous recombination deficiency status-based classification of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (2020)

Homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway deficiency (HRD) is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) as well as in the sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on HGSOC and identified scores for the loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions, and calculated the HRD score. We then investigated the relationships among the score, genetic/epigenetic alterations in HRR-related genes, and the clinical data. We found that BRCA1/2 mutations were enriched in the group with HRD scores ≥63. Compared with the groups with scores ≤62, this group had a good prognosis; we thus considered HRD scores ≥63 to be the best cutoff point for identifying HRD cases in HGSOC. Classification of HGSOC cases by the HRD status revealed a better prognosis for HRD cases caused by genetic alterations (genetic HRD) than those caused by epigenetic changes and those caused by undetermined reasons (p = 0.0002). Among cases without macroscopic residual tumors after primary debulking surgery, 11 of 12 genetic HRD cases survived after the median observation period of 6.6 years, showing remarkably high survival rates (p = 0.0059). In conclusion, HGSOC can be classified into subtypes with different prognoses according to HRD status. This classification could be useful for personalized HGSOC treatment.
New Mixer Optimizes Crude Desalting Plant (2009)

Abstract Saudi Aramco Gas Oil Separation Plants (GOSPs) utilize conventional static mixers (usually globe valves) for mixing of crude with fresh water (wash water) as part of the desalting process. This mixing method often results in consuming high quantities of wash water and chemicals with relatively low mixing efficiency. In order to optimize GOSPs’ operations, a trial test of a new mixing technology provided by ProPure was conducted at Shedgum GOSP-4 during the period December 2007 – May 2008. The ProPure mixing system technology (ProSalt mixer system) was installed at the inlet line of the desalter in parallel to the arrangement of the conventional mixing valves (three in parallel). The objective of the test was to evaluate the technology performance and reliability in optimizing desalting processes for Saudi Aramco crude processing facilities. This can be achieved by providing more efficient and effective use of wash water and chemicals while maintaining GOSPs treated crude specifications within Saudi Aramco acceptable criteria which are salt content below 10 PTB (Pounds per 1000 Barrels of Crude) and BS&W (Basic Sediment & Water) below 0.5% by volume. At the end of the trial test, the Saudi Aramco team evaluated the ProPure mixing technology in comparison to the conventional type and concluded the following results; Pressure drop across the ProPure mixing system decreased by 60% Wash water rate was reduced by 40% (from 50 GPM to 30 GPM) Oil in water content reduced by 40% The salt content and BS&W have been on spec all the time The paper describes the mixer concept and results at Shedgum GOSP-4 and further quantifies the implications on installation, treatment capacity and consumables as wash water and demulsifier.
Slow and Stale Gradients Can Win the Race: Error-Runtime Trade-offs in\n Distributed SGD (2018)

Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) when run in a synchronous\nmanner, suffers from delays in waiting for the slowest learners (stragglers).\nAsynchronous methods can alleviate stragglers, but cause gradient staleness\nthat can adversely affect convergence. In this work we present a novel\ntheoretical characterization of the speed-up offered by asynchronous methods by\nanalyzing the trade-off between the error in the trained model and the actual\ntraining runtime (wallclock time). The novelty in our work is that our runtime\nanalysis considers random straggler delays, which helps us design and compare\ndistributed SGD algorithms that strike a balance between stragglers and\nstaleness. We also present a new convergence analysis of asynchronous SGD\nvariants without bounded or exponential delay assumptions, and a novel learning\nrate schedule to compensate for gradient staleness.\n
Endourethral MRI (2001)

Although high-resolution MRI with phased array pelvic, endorectal, and endovaginal coils has dramatically enhanced the ability to visualize abnormalities of the female urethra and periurethral tissues, controversy still remains about the anatomy of this region. This study introduces an endourethral approach for ultra-high-resolution MRI of the female urethra and the periurethral tissues. To this end, two different radiofrequency (RF) receiver coil designs for an endourethral insertion have been developed: a single-loop coil and a phased array/quadrature coil. Both designs feature a flexible coil circuit, small loss tuning and matching directly at the coil, active decoupling, and the integration of a lambda/4 coaxial choke to decrease unbalanced currents and limit potential RF heating effects. Effective reduction of the mutual inductance between the two coils of the phased array design was achieved by introducing a metallic "paddle" to steer the flux between the coils. The performance of the coils has been evaluated in female human cadaver studies and in an in vivo pig experiment. The novel endourethral approach enabled a dramatic increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the region of interest (ROI). High-resolution MR images of the female urethra have been acquired with a spatial resolution down to 78 x 78 microm. Histologic correlation was achieved for the MR images generated. The achieved high local SNR and resulting high spatial resolution will add valuable information to the discussion of female urethral anatomy. Magn Reson Med 45:138-146, 2001.
Synthesis and characterisation of freestanding diamond coatings (2013)

Freestanding polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings are of immense technological importance. PCD has been grown over silicon substrates by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MWPACVD) process. The coatings are grown by suitable optimisation of the growth parameters of a 915 MHz microwave reactor. Thereafter, 1:1:1 solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) is used to etch out the silicon wafer from the backside of the coating. Hereby, freshly generated nucleation surface, could be characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and stylus profilometer and could be compared with the growth side. It is found that both the nucleation side and growth side are of very high quality (full width at half maxima, i.e., FWHM < 8 cm -1 ). The growth side is (111) textured, whereas, the nucleation side is very smooth with embedded detonation-nano-diamond (DND) agglomerates. These freestanding coatings are successfully laser cut into different geometrical shapes. They are found to be optically translucent having high refractive index. Cross-sectional microscopy of the laser cut edge reveals novel melting features of the CVD grown diamond columns.
Scalable fabrication of graphene devices through photolithography (2013)

Scalable fabrication of high quality graphene devices is highly desired and important for the practical applications of graphene material. Graphene devices are massively fabricated on SiO2/Si substrate through an efficient process, which combines large scaled growth of monolayer graphene on Pt foil, modified bubbling transfer and photolithography-based device fabrication. These graphene devices present yield up to 86% (70 out of 81), field-effect mobility around 2500 cm2 V−1 S−1 and Dirac point voltage near to 0 V, as well as a narrow performance metrics distribution. In addition, as-fabricated graphene Hall elements through this process exhibit high current sensitivity typically up to 1200 V/AT.
Notice of Retraction: The design and implementation of manual task customization in workflow system based on SaaS (2010)

Retracted.
Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. (2011)

Stress, which is defined as an acute threat to homeostasis, shows both short- and long-term effects on the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Exposure to stress results in alterations of the brain-gut interactions ("brain-gut axis") ultimately leading to the development of a broad array of gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional gastrointestinal diseases, food antigen-related adverse responses, peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The major effects of stress on gut physiology include: 1) alterations in gastrointestinal motility; 2) increase in visceral perception; 3) changes in gastrointestinal secretion; 4) increase in intestinal permeability; 5) negative effects on regenerative capacity of gastrointestinal mucosa and mucosal blood flow; and 6) negative effects on intestinal microbiota. Mast cells (MC) are important effectors of brain-gut axis that translate the stress signals into the release of a wide range of neurotransmitters and proinflammatory cytokines, which may profoundly affect the gastrointestinal physiology. IBS represents the most important gastrointestinal disorder in humans, and is characterized by chronic or recurrent pain associated with altered bowel motility. The diagnostic testing for IBS patients include routine blood tests, stool tests, celiac disease serology, abdominal sonography, breath testing to rule out carbohydrate (lactose, fructose, etc.) intolerance and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Colonoscopy is recommended if alarming symptoms are present or to obtain colonic biopsies especially in patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS. The management of IBS is based on a multifactorial approach and includes pharmacotherapy targeted against the predominant symptom, behavioural and psychological treatment, dietary alterations, education, reassurance and effective patient-physician relationship. When evaluating for the stress-induced condition in the upper GI tract, the diagnostic testing includes mainly blood tests and gastroscopy to rule out GERD and peptic ulcer disease. The therapy for these conditions is mainly based on the inhibition of gastric acid by proton pump inhibitors and eradication of Helicobacter pylori-infection. Additionally, melatonin an important mediator of brain gut axis has been shown to exhibit important protective effects against stress-induced lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, probiotics may profoundly affect the brain-gut interactions ("microbiome-gut-brain axis") and attenuate the development of stress-induced disorders in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Further studies on the brain-gut axis are needed to open new therapeutic avenues in the future.
Monte-Carlo calculation of conversion factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose (1990)

The IPSM report on the commissioning and routine testing of mammographic x-ray systems recommends that breast dose be specified as the mean dose to the glandular tissues within the breast and gives the size and compositions of a standard breast phantom for the comparison of doses. The dose to this standard breast phantom can be determined by measuring the incident air kerma to a Perspex phantom and applying appropriate multiplicative conversion factors. These conversion factors have been evaluated by Monte Carlo calculations for a wide range of mammographic x-ray spectra. Some factors are provided for a range of breast thicknesses to supplement existing tabulations. Results are also given for equivalent thicknesses of Perspex and breast tissue.
High-Pitch Formant Estimation by Exploiting Temporal Change of Pitch (2009)

This paper considers the problem of obtaining an accurate spectral representation of speech formant structure when the voicing source exhibits a high fundamental frequency. Our work is inspired by auditory perception and physiological studies implicating the use of pitch dynamics in speech by humans. We develop and assess signal processing schemes aimed at exploiting temporal change of pitch to address the high-pitch formant frequency estimation problem. Specifically, we propose a 2-D analysis framework using 2-D transformations of the time-frequency space. In one approach, we project changing spectral harmonics over time to a 1-D function of frequency. In a second approach, we draw upon previous work of Quatieri and Ezzat , , with similarities to the auditory modeling efforts of Chi , where localized 2-D Fourier transforms of the time-frequency space provide improved source-filter separation when pitch is changing. Our methods show quantitative improvements for synthesized vowels with stationary formant structure in comparison to traditional and homomorphic linear prediction. We also demonstrate the feasibility of applying our methods on stationary vowel regions of natural speech spoken by high-pitch females of the TIMIT corpus. Finally, we show improvements afforded by the proposed analysis framework in formant tracking on examples of stationary and time-varying formant structure.
Small-size wide-bandwidth microstrip patch antennas (2002)

In many applications in wireless communications, it is desirable to use microstrip patch antennas which are small in size but have bandwidths in excess of 10%. There are three common methods of reducing the patch size: (1) the use of microwave substrates with large permittivities; (2) the use of shorting walls; and (3) the use of shorting pins. When applied to the regular patch, the resulting small-size antenna usually has only a few percent bandwidth, not enough to meet the requirement of many applications. In this paper, we apply the three size reduction techniques to two wideband patch antennas - the U-slot patch and the L-probe patch. Simulation results using ENSEMBLE 6.0 are presented first, followed by some measured results.
Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Tuning the Optical Properties of Perovskite Nanoplatelets through Composition and Thickness by Ligand‐Assisted Exfoliation (Adv. Mater. 43/2016) (2016)

Organic/inorganic halide perovskite nanoplatelets are exfoliated from microcrystals of the same material through ligand-assisted liquid-phase tip sonification, as described by L. Polavarapu, A. S. Urban, and co-workers on page 9478. The nanoplatelets are hundreds of nanometers large but extremely thin, down to a single-crystal-unit monolayer. Due to the strong quantum confinement, the transition energy of the nanoplatelets is shifted into the visible, leading to brightly fluorescing nanoplatelets of various colors.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting identifies subgroups of<i>Trichoderma viride</i>and other<i>Trichoderma</i>sp. capable of chestnut blight biocontrol (1995)

Eleven strains of Trichoderma viride, 2 strains of the putative teleomorph Hypocrea rufa and 9 of several other Trichoderma sp. were characterized by random polymorphic DNA amplification (RAPD) fingerprinting and screened for their ability to antagonize growth of European strains of the chestnut blight causing fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, using a dual-culture assay. The best strains were found in the species T. harzianum, T. parceramosum, a distinguishable subgroup of T. viride and a not named Trichoderma sp. The successful application of these strains against chestnut blight in vivo is demonstrated.
Comparison of wound-bursting strengths and surface characteristics of FDA-approved tissue adhesives for skin closure (2004)

We compared the wound-bursting strength (WBS), mode of adhesive failure and surface characteristics of two FDA-approved tissue adhesives for skin closure in an incisional rat model using a randomized, controlled, blind animal experiment. Standardized 2-cm full-thickness incisions were made in duplicate on both sides of 15 rats and closed with Indermil, or High Viscosity Dermabond (HVD) following manufacturers' instructions. WBS was measured 5 min later with a validated commercial instrument. Wound sections were also observed under light and scanning electron microscopies. Indermil was significantly weaker than HVD (mean difference, 143 mmHg; 95% CI, 42-229 mmHg, P = 0.002). The mode of failure for Indermil was primarily cohesive in the adhesive and the primary failure mode for the HVD was interfacial (χ2, P < 0.01). Microscopic observations demonstrated that application of HVD resulted in a thick, uniform and smooth surface while Indermil resulted in a thin, irregular, cracked surface. We conclude that HVD is stronger, thicker and more uniform than Indermil.
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the transmembrane segments facilitate atlastin-mediated homotypic endoplasmic reticulum fusion (2012)

The homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes is mediated by atlastin (ATL), which consists of an N-terminal cytosolic domain containing a GTPase module and a three-helix bundle followed by two transmembrane (TM) segments and a C-terminal tail (CT). Fusion depends on a GTP hydrolysis-induced conformational change in the cytosolic domain. Here, we show that the CT and TM segments also are required for efficient fusion and provide insight into their mechanistic roles. The essential feature of the CT is a conserved amphipathic helix. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the helix, but not to unrelated amphipathic helices, can act in trans to restore the fusion activity of tailless ATL. The CT promotes vesicle fusion by interacting directly with and perturbing the lipid bilayer without causing significant lysis. The TM segments do not serve as mere membrane anchors for the cytosolic domain but rather mediate the formation of ATL oligomers. Point mutations in either the C-terminal helix or the TMs impair ATL's ability to generate and maintain ER morphology in vivo. Our results suggest that protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions within the membrane cooperate with the conformational change of the cytosolic domain to achieve homotypic ER membrane fusion.