gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The De Barsy syndrome (2004)

Background: In 1968, De Barsy reported on a girl exhibiting an aged aspect, ‘dwarfism, oligophrenia, and degeneration of the elastic tissue in cornea and skin’. The disorder was recognized as a subgroup of cutis laxa syndrome and termed De Barsy–Moens–Dierckx syndrome. The pathogenesis of the disorder is unknown. Methods: To improve the comprehension of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the De Barsy syndrome, we performed an ultrastructural, morphometric, immunocytochemical study on a skin biopsy of a boy with the De Barsy phenotype, who has been clinically followed for 12 years from birth. Moreover, the lysyl oxidase activity was measured on skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro . Results: Light and electron microscopy, morphometry, and immunocytochemical observations showed a significant reduction of the elastic fibers in the papillary and in the reticular dermis of patient compared to an age‐matched control (p < 0.05). By contrast, the collagen structure, content, and the distribution were normal, as well as lysyl oxidase activity in the medium of in vitro fibroblasts (12,323 DPM/10 6 cells). The immunoreaction for antibodies recognizing fibrillin‐1, neutrophilic elastase, and tumor necrosis factor‐α was stronger, whereas that for antibodies against transforming growth factor‐β was less pronounced in the dermis of the De Barsy boy compared to control. Conclusions: Clinical, phenotypic, and structural data were consistent with the diagnosis of De Barsy syndrome. This is the first case described in Italy. Clinical and structural data confirm that the elastic component is mostly affected in this disorder. Moreover, ultrastructural and immunochemical findings suggest that both elastic fiber degradative and very likely synthetic processes are involved.
Coherent population trapping with cold atoms (2004)

Atomic clocks based on CPT are interesting because of the narrow linewidths achievable at very low intensities. The linewidth of a CPT resonance in a sample of cold atoms mainly depends on the optical saturation by two lasers and the different relaxation terms responsible for destroying the hyperfine coherence. We propose a complete analytical solution for the excited population based on the classical Bloch formalism to determine the line shape of the resonance. Finally we present the future development of a cold atoms clock based on CPT linewidth.
Similarity in behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) prostheses implanted into different interfaces (1996)

The biomaterial ePTFE is widely used in the clinical environment for vascular replacement or bypass, as well as in the repair of tissue defects, especially those involving the abdominal wall. The objective of this study was to evaluate the healing response to ePTFE prostheses implanted into a circulatory interface and a tissue interface, each in a different animal species. For vascular implants, the Sprague-Dawley rat (n = 60) was used, while the New Zealand white rabbit (n = 20) was used in the tissue replacement model. In the former, a vascular microprosthesis measuring 5 mm in length and 1 mm in internal diameter, having a porosity of 30 microns, was implanted into the common iliac artery. In the rabbit, a 7 x 5-cm fragment of ePTFE (Soft-Tissue Patch) was implanted into a defect in anterior abdominal wall that involved all the tissue layers. In this case, the prosthesis was left touching the intestinal loops. The implants were studied between 14 and 90 days of postimplantation by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. The latter involved the use of anti-rat (MAC-341) and anti-rabbit (RAM-11) macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies. The behavior of the ePTFE in the different interfaces (vascular and abdominal wall) was similar with respect to the following aspects: the prosthesis presented a process of encapsulation which was more intense on the outer surface; colonization of the implant was limited to the outermost two thirds, with minimal invasion of the middle portion; colonization was absent on the edges of the prosthesis; collagenization of the interstice of the mesh occurred late; the foreign body reaction taking place on the outer surface was similar in both interfaces, with formation of a barrier consisting of macrophages and giant cells that did not penetrate the prosthesis; and, finally, in neither of the two models was vascular colonization of the PTFE prosthesis observed; rather, the angiogenic process was limited to the periprosthetic zones. The integration of the implant made of ePTFE is similar despite the differences in interfaces and the use of different animal species. The macrophage response does not determine the success or failure of the implant.
Inhibition of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Null Mice by Immunization with ApoB-100 Peptide Sequences (2003)

These studies have identified peptide sequences in apoB-100 that induce immune responses, which inhibits atherosclerosis. This suggests a way of developing an immunization therapy for coronary heart disease.
An 11 Gbit/s, 151 km transmission experiment employing a 1480 nm pumped erbium-doped in-line fiber amplifier (1989)

By using an in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifier with a net gain of 20.5 dB, it was possible to transmit an 11 Gb/s NRZ signal over 151 km of dispersion-shifted fiber. The bit rate distance product of 1.66 Tb/s-km obtained for a single-laser link with optical amplifiers experiment is a substantial improvement over the previous record of 1.03 Tb/s-km. The measurements indicate that new systems optimization procedures, as well as the incorporation of additional optical isolators, are required in order to assure stable operation with minimum system degradations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Azide Phosphoramidite in Direct Synthesis of Azide-Modified Oligonucleotides (2014)

Azide and phosphoramidite functions were found to be compatible within one molecule and stable for months in solution kept frozen at -20 °C. An azide-carrying phosphoramidite was used for direct introduction of multiple azide modifications into synthetic oligonucleotides. A series of azide-containing oligonucleotides were modified further using click reactions with alkynes.
Greenhouse Investigations on the Effect of Guava on Infestations of Asian Citrus Psyllid in Grapefruit (2008)

Reports from Vietnam indicate interplanting guava with citrus reduces infestations of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) (Diaphorina citri) in citrus. We therefore conducted cage studies in a greenhouse to assess the effect of different guava cultivars on adult ACP mortality and settling behavior on citrus (young potted grapefruit). The effects of cotton and tomato were also evaluated in some tests as non-citrus, neutral host species. Survival of adult ACP confined to potted guava in no-choice situations was reduced as compared to survival on potted grapefruit. However, adult survival was also reduced when they were confined to potted cotton or tomato. Adult ACP released into cages containing only citrus generally moved faster to citrus than when either ‘White’ guava or cotton was present. Greater numbers of adults were consistently observed on citrus over time in cages with only citrus as compared to in cages with citrus in the presence of guava or cotton. This may have been due to differences in the total plant surface area in cages with citrus alone compared to citrus caged with another plant. Mortality rates of adults were increased in cages containing both citrus and guava in one of two studies. While significant reductions in infestations of adults on young grapefruit sometimes occurred in cages containing both citrus and guava in the greenhouse, the reductions were not enough to verify the Vietnamese guava effect.
Variable step adaptive equalizer for digital mobile radio (2002)

In a digital mobile radio system, an adaptive equalizer is introduced at the receiver to remove the effect of intersymbol interference. The digital mobile radio signal system requires a fast converging adaptive equalizer algorithm. The well-known conventional LMS algorithm has proven to be incapable of handling such environment. Thus, this has led into studies on other faster and more complex algorithms such as RLS and Kalman algorithm. Another alternative to these algorithms is analyzed namely the variable step LMS (VSLMS) algorithm. The performance of the VSLMS algorithm, which is based on the LMS algorithm with variable step size, is studied under a digital mobile environment. Simulation results are also presented to prove the superiority of the performance of the VSLMS algorithm compared to the LMS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-Layer Perceptron Capable Of Classifying 2N+1 Distinct Input Patterns (1990)

A new multi-threshold Perceptron capable of handling both binary and analog input is presented and discussed. The modified Perceptron replaces the sigmoid function with sum of Gaussian functions with different mean values. A computer program was developed to simulate behavior of a network utilizing the modified Perceptron. Both XOR and parity check problems were solved using a single-layer network utilizing this modified Perceptron. Based on the results obtained from our simulation, the modified Perceptron is capable of solving problems (such as. XOR) that cannot be solved using the classical Perceptrotl. Also, a network utilizing this modified Perceptron reqUIres fewer iterations to converge to a solution than that of a multi-layer network using back propagation.
Influence of Turbine and Compressor Wheel Mass and Inertia on the Rotor Dynamics of Turbocharger (2016)

This paper describes the influence of the compressor and turbine wheel mass and inertia change on the turbocharger rotor dynamics. The model of the turbocharger is presented, the hydrodynamic model of the journal bearing is described and assembly of the whole model in MBS is also presented. The article presents various results describing rotor dynamics on which the influence of compressor and turbine wheel mass and inertia change is discussed.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of sulcardine sulfate: an open‐label, single‐dose, randomized study in healthy Chinese subjects (2016)

Sulcardine sulfate (Sul) is a novel anti-arrhythmic agent as a potential treatment for atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias. This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of Sul in healthy Chinese subjects. In this open-label, single-dose, randomized study, 10 healthy subjects were assigned to receive Sul doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg under fasting conditions (Cohorts A, B, and C, respectively) or 400 mg under fed conditions (Cohort D). The study incorporated a crossover design, separated by a seven-day washout period. Blood samples were collected before treatment and at successive time intervals up to 48 h after treatment. Sul concentrations in plasma samples were determined using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Tolerability was determined by clinical evaluation and adverse event (AE) monitoring. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>(0-t)</sub> of Sul increased with an increasing dose. The mean t<sub>1/2</sub> values for Cohorts A, B, and C were 16.85, 17.66, and 11.87 h, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between men and women for the main pharmacokinetic parameters, with the exception of t<sub>1/2</sub> in Cohorts B and C. No significant differences were observed in the absorption and bioavailability of Sul between the fed and fasted states (P > 0.05). Four subjects reported mild AEs during the study. No serious AEs were reported. Sul was shown to be safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that Sul has adequate oral absorption and bioavailability properties.
Adaptive line enhancement and sinusoidal burst detection (1982)

This paper concerns an adaptive short-term correlator (ASC) algorithm. Three possible applications are discussed. Two of these are line enhancement and sinusoidal-burst detection, as indicated in the title. Some results related to a third application, source detection, are also included.
Stem cell cryopreservation. (1996)

The recent widespread use of protocols, including high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue, has resulted in increased demand for cryobiological services to freeze and thaw the collected progenitors. This has led to reexamination of many cryobiological practices and proposal of alternative methodologies. This review examines the scientific bases of cryobiological practices, how cryoprotectants work and alternative methods of freezing and thawing. Finally, while blood banks have come under tremendous regulatory pressure from federal agencies, hematopoietic stem cell processing has been relatively unburdened by such regulation to date. Recent meetings between the FDA and interested organizations make it clear that this largesse is coming to an end. Hence many organizations are promulgating standards that apply to marrow and peripheral stem cell processing.
Forecasting Electricity Consumption with Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression (2012)

Energy strategy is extremely important for developing countries. As the economy of these countries grow rapidly, their energy consumptions increase substantially. Turkey's high growth rate in the last decade resulted with significant increase in energy consumption. Policy makers should give critical decisions and develop new strategies for meeting this growing energy demand. Apparently, accurate predictions of the future energy consumption are vital for developing such strategies. In this study, we have used the state of the art computation methods to forecast the electricity consumption of Turkey. The forecast results are compared with real consumption values to measure the performance of the methods.
Control of Azinphosmethyl Resistant Green Peach Aphids on Potato, 1981 (1982)

Abstract ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Plots were 2 row, 60 ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Starting in early Jul, all plots were sprayed every 10-14 days with azinphosmethyl (Guthion 2L) at the rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre. High populations of green peach aphid became established throughout the plots as a result of these treatments. Plots were sprayed Sep 9 using a CO2 sprayer delivering 25 gal water/acre at 25 psi. Plots were evaluated Sep 11 by randomly selecting 35 leaves/plot.
Interleaved convolutional coding for the turbulent atmospheric optical communication channel (1988)

The coding gain of a constraint-length-three, rate one-half convolutional code over a long clear-air atmospheric direct-detection optical communication channel using binary pulse-position modulation signalling is directly measured as a function of interleaving delay for both hard- and soft-decision Viterbi decoding. Maximum coding gains theoretically possible for this code with perfect interleaving and physically unrealizable perfect-measurement decoding were about 7 dB under conditions of weak clear-air turbulence, and 11 dB at moderate turbulence levels. The time scale of the fading (memory) of the channel was directly measured to be tens to hundreds of milliseconds, depending on turbulence levels. Interleaving delays of 5 ms between transmission of the first and second channel bits output by the encoder yield coding gains within 1.5 dB of theoretical limits with soft-decision Viterbi decoding. Coding gains of 4-5 dB were observed with only 100 mu s of interleaving delay. Soft-decision Viterbi decoding always yielded 1-2 dB more coding gain than hard-decision Viterbi decoding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanobiology of mesenchymal stem cells and their use in cardiovascular repair (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow have shown great promise in tissue repair. While these cells induce little immune response, they show marked self-renewal properties and can differentiate into many cell types. Recent evidence shows that mechanical factors such as fluid shear stress, mechanical strain and the rigidity of extracellular matrix can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs through various signaling pathways. Transplanted MSCs enhance angiogenesis and contribute to remodeling of the vasculature. In this review, we will focus on the responses of vascular cells and MSCs to shear stress, strain and matrix rigidity and will discuss the use of MSCs in myocardial repair and vascular tissue engineering.
A loosely-coupled parallel graphics architecture based on a conflict-free multiport frame buffer (2003)

This paper describes a parallel computer architecture for real-time image synthesis. The architecture is based on a loosely-coupled array of general purpose processors equipped with a novel frame buffer subsystem called a conflict-free multiport frame buffer (CFMFB) which enables every processor to write any region of the screen without access conflicts. An efficient polygon rendering method using the CFMFB is also described. The method assigns a subset of the polygons to each processor, which independently calculates the images of the assigned polygons with the Z-buffer algorithm. The performance of the system is estimated through simulation experiments with sample scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological Selection of Peptides for Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide) Substrates (2008)

Short peptides that recognize the alpha form of poly( l-lactide) (PLLA) crystalline films were identified from a phage-displayed peptide library. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the apparent binding constants of the phage clones for the alpha form of PLLA were greater than those of the unselected phage library. The specificity index for the alpha form of PLLA referred to a structurally similar atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (at-PMMA), supporting the alpha form of PLLA specific binding of the selected phage. Amino acid residues with proton-donor lateral groups and hydrophobic alkyl groups were relatively enriched in a sequence of heptapeptides on the specific phage clones, thereby suggesting the presence of hydrogen bonding as well as hydrophobic interactions between the alpha form of PLLA and the peptides. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that the binding constant of the freed c22 heptapeptide (Gln-Leu-Met-His-Asp-Tyr-Arg) for the alpha form of PLLA was greater than those for reference at-PMMA, amorphous PLLA, and the beta form of PLLA. It was found that c22 peptide can recognize slight differences in PLLA polymorphs such as a crystalline state and an arrangement of PLLA functional groups.
Vascular damage in giant cell arteritis (2009)

Immune-mediated damage to medium-sized arteries results in wall remodeling with intimal hyperplasia, luminal stenosis and tissue ischemia. In the case of the aorta, vasculitis may result in dissection, aneurysm or rupture. The response-to-injury program of the blood vessel is a concerted action between the immune system and wall-resident cells, involving the release of growth and angiogenic factors from macrophages and giant cells and the migration and hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Innate immune cells, specifically, dendritic cells (DC) positioned in the vessel wall, have been implicated in the earliest steps of vasculitis. Pathogen-derived molecular patterns are capable of activating vascular DC and initiating adaptive immune responses. The pattern of the emerging vessel wall inflammation is ultimately determined by the initial insult. Ligands to toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, such as lipopolysaccharides, facilitate the recruitment of CD4 T cells that invade deep into the wall and distribute in a panarteritic pattern. Conversely, ligands for TLR5 condition vascular DC to support perivasculitic infiltrates. In essence, both innate and adaptive immune reactions collaborate to render the arterial wall susceptible to inflammatory damage. Unique features of the tissue microenvironment, including specialized DC, shape the course of the inflammatory response. Differences in vascular damage pattern encountered in different patients may relate to distinct instigators of vasculitis.
The effects of NS5A inhibitors on NS5A phosphorylation, polyprotein processing and localization (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) is a multi-functional protein that is expressed in basally phosphorylated (p56) and in hyperphosphorylated (p58) forms. NS5A phosphorylation has been implicated in regulating multiple aspects of HCV replication. We recently reported the identification of a class of compounds that potently inhibit HCV RNA replication by targeting NS5A. Although the precise mechanism of inhibition of these compounds is not well understood, one activity that has been described is their ability to block expression of the hyperphosphorylated form of NS5A. Here, we report that an NS5A inhibitor impaired hyperphosphorylation without affecting basal phosphorylation at the C-terminal region of NS5A. This inhibitor activity did not require NS5A domains II and III and was distinct from that of a cellular kinase inhibitor that also blocked NS5A hyperphosphorylation, results that are consistent with an inhibitor-binding site within the N-terminal region of NS5A. In addition, we observed that an NS5A inhibitor promoted the accumulation of an HCV polyprotein intermediate, suggesting that inhibitor binding to NS5A may occur prior to the completion of polyprotein processing. Finally, we observed that NS5A p56 and p58 separated into different membrane fractions during discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, consistent with these NS5A phosphoforms performing distinct replication functions. The p58 localization pattern was disrupted by an NS5A inhibitor. Collectively, our results suggest that NS5A inhibitors probably impact several aspects of HCV expression and regulation. These findings may help to explain the exceptional potency of this class of HCV replication complex inhibitors.
Synthesis of Freezing Tolerance Proteins in Leaves, Crown, and Roots during Cold Acclimation of Wheat (1989)

Protein synthesis was studied in leaves, crown, and roots during cold hardening of freezing tolerant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fredrick and cv Norstar) and freezing sensitive spring wheat (T. aestivum L. cv Glenlea). The steady state and newly synthesized proteins, labeled with [(35)S]methionine, were resolved by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The results showed that cold hardening induced important changes in the soluble protein patterns depending upon the tissue and cultivar freezing tolerance. At least eight new proteins were induced in hardened tissues. A 200 kilodalton (kD) (isoelectric point [pl] 6.85) protein was induced concomitantly in the leaves, crown, and roots. Two proteins were specifically induced in the leaves (both 36 kD, pl 5.55 and 5.70); three in the crown with M(r) 150 (pl 5.30), 45 (pl 5.75), and 44 kD (pl > 6.80); and two others in the roots with M(r) 64 (pl 6.20) and 52 kD (pl 5.55). In addition, 19 other proteins were synthesized at a modified rate (increased or decreased) in the leaves, 18 in the crown and 23 in the roots. Among the proteins induced or increased in hardened tissues, some were expressed at a higher level in the freezing tolerant cultivars than in the sensitive one, indicating a correlation between the synthesis and accumulation of these proteins and the degree of freezing tolerance. These proteins, suggested to be freezing tolerance proteins, may have an important role in the cellular adaptation to freezing.