gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topological classification of non-Hermitian systems with reflection symmetry (2019)

We classify topological phases of non-Hermitian systems in the Altland-Zirnbauer classes with an additional reflection symmetry in all dimensions. By mapping the non-Hermitian system into an enlarged Hermitian Hamiltonian with an enforced chiral symmetry, our topological classification is thus equivalent to classifying Hermitian systems with both chiral and reflection symmetries, which effectively change the classifying space and shift the periodical table of topological phases. According to our classification tables, we provide concrete examples for all topologically nontrivial non-Hermitian classes in one dimension and also give explicitly the topological invariant for each nontrivial example. Our results show that there exist two kinds of topological invariants composed of either winding numbers or ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ numbers. By studying the corresponding lattice models under the open boundary condition, we unveil the existence of bulk-edge correspondence for the one-dimensional topological non-Hermitian systems characterized by winding numbers, however we did not observe the bulk-edge correspondence for the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ topological number in our studied ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$-type model.
CTLA‐4 co‐receptor impacts on the function of Treg and CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐cell subsets (2009)

CTLA-4 has potent regulatory effects on the threshold of T-cell signalling and, in the process, guards against the development of hyper-proliferation and autoimmunity. Despite this, the role of CTLA-4 on specific T-cell subsets has been unclear. Such studies could shed light on both the function of CTLA-4, and on the contribution of the subsets to the disease phenotype of the Ctla4(-/-) mouse. Recently, a role for this co-receptor in the function of Treg has been outlined and, in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, the selective targeting of the T-box transcription factor Eomes by CTLA-4 in the regulation of CD8(+) cytolytic T-cell (CTL) effector function is shown. Together, these papers shed light on the role of CTLA-4 in different T-cell subsets.
Homogenization of Honeycomb Core in Sandwich Structures: A Review (2019)

Sandwich structures with honeycomb as core have number of applications for aerospace, automobile and civil engineering structures. Finite element method is an efficient and reliable tool for the extensive evaluations and analysis of engineering structures. In analyzing honeycomb sandwich structures, the problem is the huge involved personal effort and computational cost which is associated with the detailed multi-cell honeycomb core finite element modeling and its analysis. A common and more practical approach is the equivalent or homogenized, two or three dimensional finite element model for the honeycomb core. The equivalent models have some limitations in predicting the local behaviors of the structures while the global responses such as deflection can be well predicted. The homogenization process under static and dynamic regime also respond differently. This article reviews the existing homogenization methods for honeycomb core for static and dynamic analyses and tries to figure out the optimum methodology for different finite element analyses.
Changing Course (2000)

When 1954 began it was clear to dispassionate observers that French efforts to crush the Vietminh insurrection were destined to early failure. Dispassionate, however, was no word to use of the principal actors. For months to come Dulles, Malcolm Macdonald, intermittently even General Navarre would continue to express unreal hopes of eventual victory. Bidault remained schizophrenic to the end. Conscious, as a politician, that the French people would no longer support the war; he could not, as a patriot, consistently draw the logical conclusion. He was not alone, nor were his countrymen. The evidence that lends intellectual credibility to an unwelcome prediction is often insufficient to make it politically acceptable.KeywordsForeign MinisterFrench GovernmentNegotiate SettlementFrench PeopleFavourable SolutionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A multi-agent approach to immediate view maintenance for an operational data store (2002)

An operational data store provides current, consolidated data derived from distributed data sources. A data store combined with OLAP applications can provide a decision support or operation-monitoring tool for advanced enterprise resource planning and supply chain management systems. In order to keep the data store up-to-date, changes at the sources must be correctly propagated to the data store. Commercial systems typically designate a maintenance time when the data store is disabled for data updates. The maintenance time window could range from several hours to several days, depending on the size of the data sources. In this research, we apply a multi-agent approach to enable updating of a data store as changes are made at the sources. This approach reduces down time for the data store-a crucial requirement for Internet-based application. A fuzzy priority scheduling system is applied to prioritize tasks. Results from this research showed that the proposed multi-agent system drastically increases the availability of the data store while preserving a high level of data consistency.
Apically Exposed, Tight Junction-Associated β1-Integrins Allow Binding and YopE-Mediated Perturbation of Epithelial Barriers by Wild-Type <i>Yersinia</i> Bacteria (2000)

Using polarized epithelial cells, primarily MDCK-1, we assessed the mode of binding and effects on epithelial cell structure and permeability of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis yadA-deficient mutants. Initially, all bacteria except the invasin-deficient (inv) mutant adhered apically to the tight junction areas. These contact points of adjacent cells displayed beta1-integrins together with tight junction-associated ZO-1 and occludin proteins. Indeed, beta1-integrin expression was maximal in the tight junction area and then gradually decreased along the basolateral membranes. Wild-type bacteria also opened gradually the tight junction to paracellular permeation of different-sized markers, viz., 20-, 40-, and 70-kDa dextrans and 45-kDa ovalbumin, as well as to their own translocation between adjacent cells in intimate contact with beta1-integrins. The effects on the epithelial cells and their barrier properties could primarily be attributed to expression of the Yersinia outer membrane protein YopE, as the yopE mutant bound but caused no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the apical structure of filamentous actin (F-actin) was disturbed and tight junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) were dispersed along the basolateral membranes. It is concluded that the Yersinia bacteria attach to beta1-integrins at tight junctions. Via this localized injection of YopE, they perturb the F-actin structure and distribution of proteins forming and regulating tight junctions. Thereby they promote paracellular translocation of bacteria and soluble compounds.
Managing the urinary tract in spinal cord injury (2010)

This review sets out to provide an overview of the author's approach to the management of the urinary tract in the patient who has suffered from an injury to their spinal cord. Emphasis is given to the need to understand the fundamental pathophysiological patterns that are seen with injuries that involve the sacral segments of the cord (the conus) and those that spare the conus but interrupt communication between the sacral parasympathetic and somatic centers and the brain (supraconal lesions). The importance of patient participation in management decisions is highlighted by considering the different ways in which the urinary tract can be managed and how the clinician needs to try to meet patient expectations and requirements while establishing safe urological management. Finally, consideration is given to the importance of establishing an appropriate follow up regime and managing urinary tract complications effectively.
Clean speech reconstruction from noisy mel-frequency cepstral coefficients using a sinusoidal model (2003)

This paper extends the technique of speech reconstruction from MFCC by considering the effect of noisy speech. To reconstruct a clean speech signal from noise contaminated MFCC an estimate of the clean mel-filterbank vector is required together with a robust estimate of the pitch. This work applies spectral subtraction to the mel-filterbank vector (derived from noisy MFCC) to provide a clean speech spectral estimate. To obtain a reliable estimate of pitch a robust extraction technique is used. Spectrograms and informal listening tests reveal that a clean speech signal can be successfully reconstructed from the noisy MFCC. Pitch errors are shown to manifest themselves as artificial sounding bursts in the reconstructed speech signal. Incorrect estimates of the spectral envelope introduce periods of noise into the reconstructed speech.
Ueber die Aethertheorie, in besonderer Rücksicht auf die vorhergehende Abhandlung Zeise's (1837)

o,oooouo Die mit der iirr!;n(lichsieu Gerirriigkeit von Z e i n e be-8ehriehcnc11 A I!JIYRCII trl~ richrig augctiommeu , bedarf er niir eines BlicLes auf diese Zahleo, nm die Ueherzeiigung mi fassen, dnss m i k e Rerecbniing der wabrc
An intuitive framework for real-time freeform modeling (2004)

We present a freeform modeling framework for unstructured triangle meshes which is based on constraint shape optimization. The goal is to simplify the user interaction even for quite complex freeform or multiresolution modifications. The user first sets various boundary constraints to define a custom tailored (abstract) basis function which is adjusted to a given design task. The actual modification is then controlled by moving one single 9-dof manipulator object. The technique can handle arbitrary support regions and piecewise boundary conditions with smoothness ranging continuously from C0 to C2. To more naturally adapt the modification to the shape of the support region, the deformed surface can be tuned to bend with anisotropic stiffness. We are able to achieve real-time response in an interactive design session even for complex meshes by precomputing a set of scalar-valued basis functions that correspond to the degrees of freedom of the manipulator by which the user controls the modification.
Polyoxometallate‐Based Layered Composite Films on Electrodes: Preparation Through Alternate Immersions in Modification Solutions (1994)

An approach for the modification of electrode surfaces with thin films composed of polyoxometallate anions and large water‐soluble cationic species is described. In the procedure, a ca. monolayer of the iso‐ or heteropolyanion is first adsorbed onto the electrode surface. By immersing the resulting system into a solution containing a large monovalent, multivalent, or polyvalent cation, a composite layer is formed due to the interaction between the adsorbed polyanion and the solution cation. After rinsing, this electrode is reimmersed into the solution of the polyanion, and immobilization of an additional quantity of the polyanion takes place. By the repeated and alternate immersions into the anionic and cationic modification solutions, the amount of material on the electrode can be increased systematically in a controlled fashion leading to stable three‐dimensional multilayered molecular assemblies. The immobilized polyanions (isopolymolybdate, phosphotungstate, or silicotungstate) have redox characteristics similar to those of their solution counterparts. The precipitate‐forming cationic species include tetrabutylammonium and tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)‐iron(II) ions, as well as protonated poly(4‐ vinylpyridine). Composite films of heteropoly‐12‐tungstate anions with protonated poly(4‐vinylpyridine) are the most robust. The approach permits introduction of multiple redox centers into the thin films on electrodes, formation of bilayer‐type systems, and, in some cases, even insulating coatings. Details of the preparation and physicochemical, particularly electrochemical, properties of the produced systems are described.
Implementation and comparison of clustering techniques in wireless routing protocols (2009)

Traditional clustering methods (hierarchal routing methods) are preferred over table driven and ad hoc routing protocols because of least overhead. The overhead in clustering approach is less because special nodes (cluster heads) are used to handle different group of users. This makes the routing table size small for each of the node but with the limitation of non optimum path possibility between two different nodes. This non optimum path gives rise to more bandwidth consumption as compared to other novel methods like AODV, DSR and DSDV. The existing table driven (DSDV etc.) and Ad Hoc (DSR and AODV etc.) routing protocols can be the obvious choice networks but both these algorithm suffers from large buffer requirement and large route discovery overhead. The design proposed in this paper use clustering technique along with DSDV or AODV to reduce routing overhead and improve packet delivery ratio for bigger networks.
Strategies for optimized application of annular-phased-array systems in clinical hyperthermia (1991)

A theoretical framework is presented for optimized heating of deep-seated tumours by phase and amplitude steering. The optimization problem for a specific tumour and perfusion case results in a functional dependency between power-level and maximum obtainable therapeutic efficiency. Different optimization criteria and strategies are outlined, which cause an increase of power or thermal dose in the tumour. Three tumour models (central pelvic tumour, eccentric abdominal tumour with or without necrosis) are analysed in detail. The simulation studies predict that appreciable parts of these tumours (50-100%) can be heated efficiently (42.5-43 degrees C) within the range of available and clinically tolerated power levels (1-5 kW/m), if tumour perfusion is less than 20-25 ml/100 g min. Some improvements are obtained by increasing the number of independent channels (from four to eight) and by the application of time-dependent (complementary) power-deposition patterns.
Polyacrylamide phantom for self-actuating needle–tissue interaction studies (2013)

This study presents a polyacrylamide gel as a phantom material for needle insertion studies specifically developed for self-actuating needles to enhance the precise placement of needles in prostate. Bending of these self-actuating needles within tissue is achieved by Nitinol actuators attached to the needle body; however these actuators usually involve heating that can thermally damage the tissue surrounding the needles. Therefore, to develop and access feasibility of these needles, a polyacrylamide gel has been developed that mimics the thermal damage and mechanical properties of prostate tissue. Mechanical properties of the polyacrylamide gel was controlled by varying the concentrations of acrylamide monomer and N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide (BIS) cross-linker, and thermal sensitivity was achieved by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. Two polyacrylamide gels with different concentrations were developed to mimic the elastic modulus of the tissue. The two phantoms showed different rupture toughness and different deflection of bevel-tip needle. To study the thermal damage, a Nitinol wire was embedded in the phantom and resistively heated. The measured opaque zone (0.40mm) formed around the wire was close to the estimated damage zone (0.43mm) determined using the cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C.
First Report on the Abnormal Dearylation/Alkylation Reaction in One‐Pot Hantzch Synthesis with 6‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyl Uracil. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preliminary Experimental Investigation of the Flight of a Person Supported by a Jet Thrust Device Attached to His Feet (1953)

Memorandum presenting an investigation of the stability and controllability in space of an arrangement comprising a man standing on a small platform which is rigidly connected to a jet nozzle with its thrust axis perpendicular to the platform and its thrust opposed to the pull of gravity. Results regarding the initial flights with the platform, flights with landing gear, flights with landing gear and inertia, flights with landing gear and gyroscope, flights with landing gear and control stick, flights with landing gear and seat, and discussion of the balancing process are provided.
Modelling of PEM Fuel Cell Performance: Steady-State and Dynamic Experimental Validation (2014)

This paper reports on the modelling of a commercial 1.2 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), based on interrelated electrical and thermal models. The electrical model proposed is based on the integration of the thermodynamic and electrochemical phenomena taking place in the FC whilst the thermal model is established from the FC thermal energy balance. The combination of both models makes it possible to predict the FC voltage, based on the current demanded and the ambient temperature. Furthermore, an experimental characterization is conducted and the parameters for the models associated with the FC electrical and thermal performance are obtained. The models are implemented in Matlab Simulink and validated in a number of operating environments, for steady-state and dynamic modes alike. In turn, the FC models are validated in an actual microgrid operating environment, through the series connection of 4 PEMFC. The simulations of the models precisely and accurately reproduce the FC electrical and thermal performance.
Effects of Sub-100 nm Platinum Metal Particle on the Acoustic Attenuation Properties of Silicone Rubber Lens for Medical Array Probe (2006)

The acoustic attenuation properties of room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone rubber lenses with platinum (Pt) metal particle sizes ranging from 10 to 94 nm were investigated for the acoustic lens application for a medical ultrasound array probe. Pt particle size did not change their sound velocities, 858–861 m/s, but changed their acoustic attenuation property noticeably. RTV silicone rubber doped with the largest Pt particle, 94 nm, showed the largest attenuation, 2.24 dB/mmMHz, whereas, RTV silicone rubber doped with the smallest Pt particle, 10 nm, showed the smallest attenuation, 0.84 dB/mmMHz, with an acoustic impedance of 1.31 MRayls. The fine particle size with the application of a high-density dopant to RTV silicone rubber is important for realizing a low-acoustic-attenuation silicone lens for a probe for high-frequencies of higher than 5 MHz.
Collodion membrane secures cells sorted by flow cytofluorometry onto microscope slides (1980)

Quantitative microscopic cytology of cells previously sorted by flow cytofluorometry has been hindered by the loss of cells from the microscope slide during staining procedures. The simple application of a semi-permeable membrane of collodion over fixed or unfixed cells sorted directly onto a microscope slide secured virtually 100% of the cells onto the slide. Cells covered with the collodion membrane studied with Papanicolaou's stain as well as routine clinical cervical cytologic preparations. In contrast, fewer than one half of the cells sorted onto uncoated or albumin coated slides were retained after staining.
Galileo Primary Code Acquisition Based on Multi-hypothesis Secondary Code Ambiguity Elimination (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of primary code\nacquisition for the Galileo E1 signal in challenging environments.\nThe detector sensitivity is augmented by extending the observation\nwindow up to several primary code periods. A novel solution\nis proposed to cope with the secondary code ambiguity, based on\nthe enumeration of all possible secondary chips sign combinations\nand exploiting an optimized parallel architecture. Performance is\npresented in terms of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)\nand Mean Acquisition Time (MAT), obtained through simulation\nand analytical results. The paper shows that the proposed scheme\nis able to introduce an interesting improvement, limiting at the\nsame the complexity increase.
CHEMICAL QUENCHING OF THE TRIPLET STATE IN FLASHLAMP-EXCITED LIQUID ORGANIC LASERS (1970)

Greatly improved lasing of flashlamp-excited organic dyes has been achieved by collisionally deexciting the triplet state of dye molecules with newly discovered chemical additives. Experimental results show the quantitative improvement of several principal organic lasing compounds when they are placed in solution with chemical additives. An explanation of the deexcitation mechanism is offered; the criteria for selecting proper chemical additives are listed.
A brief visual primer for the mapping of mortality trend data (2004)

Maps are increasingly used to visualize and analyze data, yet the spatial ramifications of data structure are rarely considered. Data are subject to transformations made throughout the research process and then used to map, visualize and conduct spatial analysis. We used mortality data to answer three research questions: Are there spatial patterns to mortality, are these patterns statistically significant, and are they persistent across time? This paper provides differential spatial patterns by implementing six data transformations: standardization, cut-points, class size, color scheme, spatial significance and temporal mapping. We use numerous maps and graphics to illustrate the iterative nature of mortality mapping, and exploit the visual nature of the International Journal of Health Geographics journal on the World Wide Web to present researchers with a series of maps.
Drone-Based External Calibration of a Fully Synchronized Ku-Band Heterodyne FMCW Radar (2017)

This paper discusses a novel drone-based external radar calibration technique, which utilizes a metal sphere hanging from a drone. The advantages of drone-based calibration are introduced and applied to a dual intermediate-frequency frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system, which was developed to detect a low radar cross section (RCS) target like a drone with high sensitivity. The developed radar system operates in 150-MHz bandwidth with a frequency sweeping time of 500 μm at Ku-band frequencies. A 75-Ω coaxial cable was utilized in the radar system to physically separate the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) modules for better isolation. The physical separation with a coaxial cable helps in reducing Tx leakage signal effect, which is a critical concern of typical FMCW radar system, and also it helps the proposed radar system to have higher sensitivity. The designed radar system is a wired system that is fully synchronized with an internal reference clock generator. Offset frequency and other compensation factors were calculated for the calibration of the radar system using a big size metal sphere hanging from a drone. We observed that the theoretical calculations using the standard radar equation and the measurement results on calibration are in good agreement with each other. Furthermore, the RCS value of a small size drone is also investigated using the calibrated radar system. The RCS value estimated for the drone was about -22 dBsm.