gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on Machine Learning Algorithms in Handling EEG Artifacts (2014)

One hundred isolates of Haemophilus influenzae including 50 beta-lactamase producing, five ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase producing and five beta-lactam tolerant strains were tested for susceptibility (MICs and MBCs) to ampicillin, aztreonam, carumonam, cefixime, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefotaxime, imipenem, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole, by a microdilution broth method. Cefotaxime, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin with MIC90 and MBC90 of less than 0.03 mg/l) were the most active antimicrobial agents tested. Cefixime, carumonam, aztreonam, and co-trimoxazole (MIC90 and MBC90 less than 0.25 mg/l) showed good activity against most strains. Roxithromycin and erythromycin had limited antibacterial activity (MIC90, 8 and 4 mg/l respectively). There were no chloramphenicol-resistant strains. Five beta-lactamase-negative strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefaclor and cefamandole but susceptible to other beta-lactams tested. Different patterns of tolerance were observed: four of five tolerant strains were tolerant to ampicillin and cefamandole, three to cefixime, cefaclor and cefotaxime, one to aztreonam. One tolerant strain was a beta-lactamase producer. Two other strains were tolerant only to co-trimoxazole.
Sleep problems during the menopausal transition: prevalence, impact, and management challenges (2018)

A substantial number of women experience sleep difficulties in the approach to menopause and beyond, with 26% experiencing severe symptoms that impact daytime functioning, qualifying them for a diagnosis of insomnia. Here, we review both self-report and polysomnographic evidence for sleep difficulties in the context of the menopausal transition, considering severity of sleep complaints and links between hot flashes (HFs) and depression with poor sleep. Longitudinal population-based studies show that sleep difficulties are uniquely linked with menopausal stage and changes in follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol, over and above the effects of age. A major contributor to sleep complaints in the context of the menopausal transition is HFs, and many, although not all, HFs are linked with polysomnographic-defined awakenings, with HF-associated wake time contributing significantly to overall wakefulness after sleep onset. Some sleep complaints may be comorbid with depressive disorders or attributed to sleep-related breathing or movement disorders, which increase in prevalence especially after menopause, and for some women, menopause, age, and environmental/behavioral factors may interact to disrupt sleep. Considering the unique and multifactorial basis for sleep difficulties in women transitioning menopause, we describe clinical assessment approaches and management options, including combination treatments, ranging from cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to hormonal and nonhormonal pharmacological options. Emerging studies suggest that the impact of severe insomnia symptoms could extend beyond immediate health care usage and quality of life issues to long-term mental and physical health, if left untreated in midlife women. Appropriate treatment, therefore, has immediate benefit as well as advantages for maintaining optimal health in the postmenopausal years.
Methods to compute fault images, extract fault surfaces, and estimate fault throws from 3D seismic images (2013)

ABSTRACT Fault interpretation enhances our understanding of complex geologic structures and stratigraphy apparent in 3D seismic images. Common steps in this interpretation include image processing to highlight faults, the construction of fault surfaces, and estimation of fault throws. Although all three of these steps have been automated to some extent by others, fault interpretation today typically requires significant manual effort, suggesting that further improvements in automatic methods are feasible and worthwhile. I first used an efficient algorithm to compute images of fault likelihoods, strikes, and dips from a 3D seismic image. From these three fault images, I then automatically extracted fault surfaces as meshes of quadrilaterals that coincide with ridges of fault likelihood. A quadrilateral mesh is a simple data structure alongside which one can easily gather samples of the 3D seismic image. I automatically estimated fault throws by minimizing differences in values of samples gathered from opposite sides of a fault, while constraining the variation of throw within a fault surface. I tested the fidelity of estimated fault throws by using them to undo faulting. After unfaulting, reflectors in 3D seismic images were more continuous than those in the original 3D seismic image. In one example, this unfaulting test supported the observation that some extracted fault surfaces have unusual conical shapes.
An Evaluation of Several Rationales for Selecting Hearing Aid Gain (1986)

The present study evaluates the rationales underlying several hearing aid selection procedures. The first portion of the evaluation confirms that the gain-selection rationales result in the selection of different hearing aids for a given patient. Nine different audiometric configurations representing varying degrees of flat, sloping, and rising sensorineural hearing loss were considered. The second phase of the evaluation considered how well each procedure achieved the goal of maximizing speech recognition. This analysis made use of the Articulation Index and was applied to each of the nine audiometric configurations. The results of this analysis suggested that, given the ability to adjust the overall gain over a typical range available through most volume controls, any of the procedures could produce optimal aided speech recognition performance. The final portion of the evaluation examined the ability of each procedure to prescribe absolute gain and relative gain (frequency response) that corresponded to that preferred by hearing aid wearers. The data for preferred insertion gain came from a recent investigation by Leijon, Eriksson-Mangold, and Beck-Karlsen (1984). The results of this evaluation suggested that some procedures prescribe gain values closer to those preferred by listeners than others. More data are needed on preferred gain values for a variety of configurations, however, before any one procedure can be recommended over another.
Room-Area Networks (2015)

This paper makes the case for "Room-Area Networks" (RAN), a new category that falls between personal area networks and local area networks. In a RAN, a set of nodes can hear each other only if they are in the same room, broadly construed as being within earshot. We define a RAN abstraction, and we present example applications ranging from social contact management to building automation to gaming where this abstraction will help. The requirements of a RAN are poorly served by current technologies such as Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, and infrared. Acoustic channels, on the other hand, are well-suited in principle for effective propagation within human earshot and sharp attenuation at room boundaries. We provide a portable reference implementation of an 802.11a-like physical layer for the acoustic medium that works on current mobile devices, with successful communication even in noisy environments at distances over 8 meters.
JE/MCP-1: an early-response gene encodes a monocyte-specific cytokine. (1991)

The JE gene was one of the first growth-factor-inducible early-response genes to be identified. Sequence and expression analysis have revealed that JE encodes the monocyte-specific cytokine MCP-1 (also known as MCAF, TDCF, and SMC-CF). JE/MCP-1 specifically attracts monocytes in vitro and in vivo, but has no detectable effects on neutrophils or lymphocytes. In addition, JE/MCP-1 can suppress tumor formation in animal models by attracting and activating monocytes. These discoveries have drawn together the investigations of those who study the molecular basis of cell proliferation and those who work on the molecular basis of the inflammatory response.
The “napsterization” of the European content industry: a scenario for 2005 (2000)

Considers the development of the content industry in Europe by 2005, with the anticipation of new applications such as tele‐education, tele‐medicine, tele‐detection and tele‐surveillance. Examines the interplay of the various political and industrial interests involved, using the technique of “scenario‐mapping” in particular.
Complete Primary Sequences of Two λ Immunoglobulin Light Chains in Myelomas with Nonamyloid (Randall-Type) Light Chain Deposition Disease (1998)

We herein report on the first two primary sequences (BOU and RAC) of monoclonal light chains of the lambda type responsible for nonamyloid lambda light chain deposition disease. Both patients were affected with severe forms of myeloma complicated with renal failure. The pathological presentation typically featured Congo red-negative deposits along tubular basement membranes but differed somewhat from the typical "Randall-type" kappa light chain deposition disease: they lacked the prominent glomerulosclerosis pattern often featuring nonamyloid kappa deposits and were associated with cylinders or myeloma casts. Both protein sequences were deduced from those of the corresponding complementary DNAs in the bone marrow plasma cells. For each chain, products of three independent amplifications by polymerase chain reaction were sequenced and found to be identical. BOU and RAC lambda mRNAs had a normal overall structure consisting of Vlambda2 segments rearranged to Jlambda2Clambda2 but displayed a number of unusual features within their primary sequences. These substitutions are likely responsible for changes in light chain conformation that promote their aggregation and deposition along renal tubule basement membranes.
Electron-beam-pumped high-power semiconductor laser (1971)

Many-element gallium arsenide and cadmium sulfide structures, pumped by electron-beam bombardment, were investigated with the aim of increasing output power. A power output of 1.5 MW was achieved for a gallium arsenide laser excited by bombardment with a 300-A beam of electrons of 300-keV energy.
Effect of a heated and cooled office chair on thermal comfort (2013)

A heated/cooled chair was evaluated for its effect on thermal sensation and comfort. Thirty college students participated in 150 1.75-h tests. Two heated/cooled chairs were placed in an environmental chamber resembling an office environment. The chamber temperatures were set at 16°C, 18°C, 25°C, and 29°C (60.8°F, 64.4°F, 77°F, 84.2°F). During the tests, subjects had full control of the chair surface temperature through a knob located on the desk. An additional 64 tests with 16 subjects were conducted at the same 4 temperatures but with regular mesh or cushion chairs in order to provide reference results for comparison. Subjective responses about thermal sensation, comfort, and temperature satisfaction were obtained at 20-min intervals and eight times before, during, and after a break period. The chair's energy consumption was monitored continuously. The results show that the heated/cooled chair strongly influences the subjects thermal sensation and comfort, providing thermal comfort under all tested conditions, both warm and cool. The average power draw is 27 W at 16°C (60.8°F), and 45.5 W at 29°C (84.2°F) ambient conditions. Copyright © 2013 Crown copyright.
Two-dimensional simulation of filaments in barrier discharges (1999)

We present a fluid model for barrier discharges in air at atmospheric pressure with spectral resolved photonic secondary processes, implemented with general finite-element software. The results show five different discharge phases, a homogenous and a space-charge dominated avalanche phase, a phase of dielectric charging with field enhancement due to positive ions causing streamer formation, a cathode streamer and a subsequent glow-discharge phase with a cathode-fall region. Quenching of the microdischarge occurs after a few nanoseconds by the increasing charge on the dielectric. While the capacity of the dielectric has nearly no influence on the energetic efficiency of radical production and vacuum-UV-irradiation of the dielectric, a higher voltage causes a small decrease in radical efficiency and a significant increase in the efficiency of VUV-irradiation of the dielectric.
Differential adrenergic regulation of beta 1- and beta 3-adrenoreceptor messenger ribonucleic acids in adipose tissues. (1992)

The levels of beta 1- and beta 3-adrenoreceptor mRNAs in several rat tissues were determined simultaneously with a sensitive nuclease protection assay. The beta 1-receptor gene was expressed to varying degrees in most tissues examined. By contrast, high levels of beta 3-receptor mRNA were only found in brown and white adipose tissues, indicating that beta 3-receptor gene expression is essentially adipose tissue specific. Surgical sympathectomy of interscapular brown adipose tissue increased beta 3-receptor mRNA levels by 2.4-fold, but did not affect beta 1-receptor mRNA levels. Exposure of rats to 4 C, which increases sympathetic nerve stimulation of IBAT, reduced beta 3-receptor mRNA levels in intact tissue but did not affect the denervation-induced increase in beta 3-receptor mRNA. Acute treatment of rats with norepinephrine greatly reduced beta 3 mRNA levels in both white and brown adipose tissues, but did not alter beta 1-receptor mRNA levels. These results indicate that beta 1- and beta 3-receptor mRNAs are differentially regulated and that norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves is an important inhibitory regulator of beta 3-receptor mRNA levels. Injections of the beta-receptor agonist isoproterenol and the beta 3-receptor agonist BRL 26830 each reduced beta 3-receptor mRNA in brown and white fat, whereas injections of glucagon reduced beta 3-receptor mRNA in brown fat only. These data indicate that while stimulation of beta 3-receptors is sufficient to down-regulate beta 3 mRNA, other receptors that stimulate adenylyl cyclase have the same effect. Finally, the agonist-induced down-regulation of beta 3-receptor mRNA was associated with a reduction in beta 3-receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase in white adipose tissue.
Recursive filters for optical flow (1995)

Working toward efficient (real-time) implementations of optical flow methods, the authors have applied simple recursive filters to achieve temporal smoothing and differentiation of image intensity, and to compute 2d flow from component velocity constraints using spatiotemporal least-squares minimization. Accuracy in simulation is similar to that obtained in the study by Barren et al. (1994), while requiring much less storage, less computation, and shorter delays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Detection and Genotypic Identification of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Microsporidia from Asymptomatic Pet Parrots in South Korea as a Risk Factor for Zoonotic Emergence (2011)

We detected and identified genotypes of human-pathogenic microsporidia in fecal samples from 51 asymptomatic captive-bred pet parrots in South Korea. Microsporidia were identified in 8 samples (15.7%); 7 parrots tested positive for Encephalitozoon hellem, and 1 parrot tested positive for both E. hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi. In genotypic identifications, E. hellem was present in genotypes 1A and 2B and E. cuniculi was present in genotype II. Pet parrots might be a source of human microsporidian infection.
Neuronal correlates of contrast detection and discrimination (2002)

We performed two pattern detection/discrimination experiments, using fMRI to study how sensory signals in visual cortex evoke percepts and guide behavior. Results from the first experiment demonstrated that V1 activity was correlated with contrast discrimination thresholds. Observers performed a contrast discrimination task on a sinusoidal target that was either presented in isolation, or embedded in a high-contrast surround. We found that the surround substantially increased the psychophysical thresholds while reducing fMRI responses. The psychophysical and fMRI data sets were compared, based on the assumption that a fixed response difference is required for correct discrimination, and we found that the psychophysics accounted for 96.6% of the variance in the measured fMRI responses. The good quantitative agreement suggests that contrast discrimination judgments are limited by neuronal signals in early visual areas (at or before V1). Results from the second experiment demonstrated that activity in early visual areas (including V1) was correlated with variability in perception. Subjects performed a rapid sequence of trials in which allow contrast grating target was to be detected in the presence of a high-contrast background pattern. We found that activity was larger on average for false alarm trials than for misses. In other words, the activity in early visual cortex corresponded to the subjects' percepts even when that percept was opposite to what was physically presented in the stimulus, consistent with observers making perceptual decisions based on activity in these early visual areas. These results were retinotopically specific, suggesting that they are related to the percepts themselves as opposed to a non-specific effect (e.g., arousal) associated with “yes” responses.
The chromosome 6p22 haplotype associated with dyslexia reduces the expression of KIAA0319 , a novel gene involved in neuronal migration (2006)

Dyslexia is one of the most prevalent childhood cognitive disorders, affecting approximately 5% of school-age children. We have recently identified a risk haplotype associated with dyslexia on chromosome 6p22.2 which spans the TTRAP gene and portions of THEM2 and KIAA0319. Here we show that in the presence of the risk haplotype, the expression of the KIAA0319 gene is reduced but the expression of the other two genes remains unaffected. Using in situ hybridization, we detect a very distinct expression pattern of the KIAA0319 gene in the developing cerebral neocortex of mouse and human fetuses. Moreover, interference with rat Kiaa0319 expression in utero leads to impaired neuronal migration in the developing cerebral neocortex. These data suggest a direct link between a specific genetic background and a biological mechanism leading to the development of dyslexia: the risk haplotype on chromosome 6p22.2 down-regulates the KIAA0319 gene which is required for neuronal migration during the formation of the cerebral neocortex.
High prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients taking procainamide. (1997)

The predictive significance of procainamide induced aPL remains unknown but beta 2-GPI dependent aPL may be of some concern in this elderly population already at high risk for thrombosis.
Characterization of the Hsp110/SSE gene family response to hyperosmolality and other stresses (1998)

Hsp110, Osp94, and Hsp70RY are members of the recently described Hsp110/SSE subfamily of (heat and osmotic) stress proteins whose members are structurally related to the Hsp70/BiP gene superfamily. To date, little is known about the response of this gene family to stresses in vitro or in vivo. In this study, an analysis of mRNA expression showed that Hsp110 and Osp94, like Hsp70, are induced in renal murine inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) epithelial cells by heat shock, hyperosmotic NaCl, and cadmium, whereas low pH had a suppressive effect on Osp94. H2O2 decreased expression of Osp94 while inducing levels of Hsp110 and Hsp70 message. Tunicamycin, hypertonic urea, and tumor necrosis factor- had no effects. Hsp70RY was responsive exclusively to cadmium chloride. Moreover, enhanced expression of Hsp110 and Osp94 was subsequent to induction of Hsp70 and was suppressed by inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. RT-PCR analysis showed Hsp110, Osp94, and Hsp70RY are ubiquitously expressed in mouse tissues. In murine kidney, there was a corticomedullary gradient of expression of Hsp110, Osp94, Hsp70RY, and Hsp70 but not Hsc70 or BiP. Furthermore, dehydration increased inner medullary expression of Hsp110 and Osp94. An analysis of stress tolerance in mIMCD3 cells showed that heat shock and hyperosmotic NaCl stress are cross-tolerant stresses, suggesting hyperosmolality is a physiological correlate of heat shock in mammalian kidney. Thus Hsp110 and Osp94 behave as heat shock proteins, although they are regulated differently than Hsp70.
GPON Network with Simulated Rogue ONU (2019)

This work addresses security risks in a gigabit passive optical network. The completely passive infrastructure enables active monitoring of the distribution network in parallel with data communication. The specification of the gigabit passive optical network allows an occurrence of a risk called a modified end unit. Such a unit does not respect allocated time slots, and as a result, all communication becomes disrupted in both downstream and upstream directions. Generally, the problem can be specified as an attack on a specific port of the control unit. In this work, the modified unit is replaced by a laser with a wavelength of 1310 nm and tested at different power levels in the direction of degrading the port's operational capabilities.
The acridine ring selectively intercalated into a DNA helix at various types of abasic sites: double strand formation and photophysical properties (1996)

The interactions between the intercalating agent and the three types of abasic sites: abasic frameshift, apurinic and apyrimidinic, were investigated. 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA), whose spectroscopic properties are strongly perturbed by the environment, was selected as the intercalating agent. The optically pure threoninol derived from the reduction of L-threonine was used as an artificial abasic site mimicking the ring-opened natural ribose. In order to secure the selective intercalation to the adjacent abasic site, ACMA and the abasic site were connected through a tri- pentamethylene linker. These modified oligonucleotides covalently linked to an ACMA molecule at the internucleotide site having the same base-sequence were synthesized using the acridine-phosphoramidites. Although all the modified oligonucleotides lack a nucleobase at the intervening position, these double strands showed high thermal stability. The pentamethylene linker and the apyrimidinic systems were especially stabilized. At the same time, sharpness of the absorption spectra and a new fluorescent band of the acridine, due to the fixation of the environment around ACMA, were observed. Therefore, it is concluded that the acridine binds preferentially to the apyrimidinic site rather than the frameshift abasic site and that the surroundings of the acridine are strictly fixed at the microenvironmental level.
Abscisic Acid ( <scp>ABA</scp> ) (2009)

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone found in all higher plants that mediates responses to abiotic stress conditions and controls stomatal aperture. It is also involved in seed development and is associated with seed dormancy. ABA is biosynthesized in higher plants from carotenoid precursors. ABA acts via a complex signalling process leading to both short‐term changes in ion channel activity and long‐term effects on gene expression.
Versatile-PON Service for Next Generation Optical Access Networks (2008)

A novel optical access networks with a function of versatile adaptable architecture is proposed and demonstrated. The versatile-PON service is successfully demonstrated by both E-PON and WDM-PON with a simple uni-architecture of remote node.