gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The isolation and characterisation of a major outer-membrane protein from Bacteroides distasonis (1992)

An outer-membrane protein (OMP) was isolated from a clinical strain of Bacteroides distasonis. Changes in growth media did not appreciably affect the appearance of this protein in crude outer-membrane preparations examined by SDS-PAGE. However, the proportion of the protein relative to other OMPs was greater in 24-h cultures than in 48-h cultures. The protein could not be readily solubilised by various conventional detergent extraction techniques but treatment of the insoluble material at 100 degrees C with SDS released the protein, as did overnight extraction at 37 degrees C with SDS. This OMP was heat-modifiable, and thus was similar to the OmpA protein of Escherichia coli, with a faster mobility on SDS-PAGE when solubilised at 25 degrees C than at 100 degrees C. The critical temperature for conversion was between 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C. Because of the characteristic heat-modifiability, the protein was called B. distasonis HMP-1 (heat modifiable protein-1). Overnight exposure to EDTA or NaCl at 37 degrees C favoured conversion of the 25 degrees C form to the 100 degrees C form. In intact cells, the protein was labelled by a cell-surface radio-iodination procedure, and thus is at least partially exposed at the cell surface. No reactions between the B. distasonis HMP-1 and antibodies to either E. coli OmpA or E. coli porin were found by Western blot analysis. A B. distasonis OM preparation containing predominantly HMP-1 had pore-forming ability in a liposome assay. This study is the first report of the isolation and characterisation of a heat-modifiable OMP in Bacteroides, and it is the first description of pore-forming activity in a Bacteroides OM fraction.
Studies on the phlogogenic effects of lysosomal fraction isolated from PMN leukocytes (1982)

The phlogogenic effects of lysosomal fraction isolated from PMN leukocytes of peripheral blood were compared with that of rheumatoid synovial fluid PMN leukocytes. Leukocyte lysosomes contain materials which increased vascular permeability and provoked inflammation (ex. rubor and induration) on the rabbit skin.We recognized that the rubor was larger by injected with the peripheral blood PMN lysosomal fractions than by the same fractions from synovial fluid PMN, while the induration was more intense by the lysosomal fractions from synovial fluid PMN than by that from the peripheral blood PMN. Fresh human serum treated with lysosomal fractions from peripheral blood, or synovial fluid PMN induced cytochalasin B-treated PMN to release β-glucuronidase, but the enzyme releasing activity was not significantly different by the source of lysosomal fraction. The supernatant of normal PMN reacted with NHS and PMN lysosomal fractions has a chemotactic activity, and the activity was 2 times higher by the synovial fluid PMN than by the peripheral blood PMN lysosomal fractions, explaining the more intense induration produced by the synovial fluid PMN lysosomal fractions.
Hereditary spastic paraplegias: an update (2007)

Genetic testing is progressively more complex and clinical and other information concerning the phenotype is now crucial for choosing an appropriate genetic testing procedure for each patient.
Loss of GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in CA1 Hippocampus and Cortex Impairs Long-Term Depression, Reduces Dendritic Spine Density, and Disrupts Learning (2010)

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of certain forms of synaptic plasticity and learning. NMDAR complexes are heteromers composed of an obligatory GluN1 subunit and one or more GluN2 (GluN2A-GluN2D) subunits. Different subunits confer distinct physiological and molecular properties to NMDARs, but their contribution to synaptic plasticity and learning in the adult brain remains uncertain. Here, we generated mice lacking GluN2B in pyramidal neurons of cortex and CA1 subregion of hippocampus. We found that hippocampal principal neurons of adult GluN2B mutants had faster decaying NMDAR-mediated EPSCs than nonmutant controls and were insensitive to GluN2B but not NMDAR antagonism. A subsaturating form of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in the mutants, whereas a saturating form of LTP was intact. An NMDAR-dependent form of long-term depression (LTD) produced by low-frequency stimulation combined with glutamate transporter inhibition was abolished in the mutants. Additionally, mutants exhibited decreased dendritic spine density in CA1 hippocampal neurons compared with controls. On multiple assays for corticohippocampal-mediated learning and memory (hidden platform Morris water maze, T-maze spontaneous alternation, and pavlovian trace fear conditioning), mutants were impaired. These data further demonstrate the importance of GluN2B for synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus and suggest a particularly critical role in LTD, at least the form studied here. The finding that loss of GluN2B was sufficient to cause learning deficits illustrates the contribution of GluN2B-mediated forms of plasticity to memory formation, with implications for elucidating NMDAR-related dysfunction in disease-related cognitive impairment.
Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion by the Small Molecule VP-14637 via Specific Interactions with F Protein (2003)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide. Several novel small-molecule inhibitors of RSV have been identified, but they are still in preclinical or early clinical evaluation. One such inhibitor is a recently discovered triphenol-based molecule, VP-14637 (ViroPharma). Initial experiments suggested that VP-14637 acted early and might be an RSV fusion inhibitor. Here we present studies demonstrating that VP-14637 does not block RSV adsorption but inhibits RSV-induced cell-cell fusion and binds specifically to RSV-infected cells with an affinity corresponding to its inhibitory potency. VP-14637 is capable of specifically interacting with the RSV fusion protein expressed by a T7 vaccinia virus system. RSV variants resistant to VP-14637 were selected; they had mutations localized to two distinct regions of the RSV F protein, heptad repeat 2 (HR2) and the intervening domain between heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2. No mutations arose in HR1, suggesting a mechanism other than direct disruption of the heptad repeat interaction. The F proteins containing the resistance mutations exhibited greatly reduced binding of VP-14637. Despite segregating with the membrane fraction following incubation with intact RSV-infected cells, the compound did not bind to membranes isolated from RSV-infected cells. In addition, binding of VP-14637 was substantially compromised at temperatures of < or =22 degrees C. Therefore, we propose that VP-14637 inhibits RSV through a novel mechanism involving an interaction between the compound and a transient conformation of the RSV F protein.
Robust Multipitch Estimation for the Analysis and Manipulation of Polyphonic Musical Signals (2000)

A method for the estimation of the multiple pitches of concurrent musical sounds is described. Experimental data comprised sung vowels and the whole pitch range of 26 musical instruments. Multipitch estimation was performed at the level of a single time frame for random pitch and sound source combinations. Note error rates for mixtures ranging from one to six simultaneous sounds were 2.1 %, 2.4 %, 3.8 %, 8.1 %, 12 %, and 18 %, respectively. In musical interval and chord identification tasks, the algorithm outperformed the average of ten trained musicians. Particular emphasis was laid on robustness in the presence of other sounds and noise. The algorithm is based on an iterative estimation and separation procedure and is able to resolve at least a couple of most prominent pitches even in ten sound polyphonies. Sounds that exhibit inharmonicities can be handled without problems, and the inharmonicity factor and spectral envelope of each sound is estimated along with the pitch. Examples are given of musical signal manipulations that become possible with the proposed method. 1.
Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Containing Coumarin-6 for Suppository Delivery: In Vitro Release Profile and In Vivo Tissue Distribution (2004)

A delivery system consisting of the lipophilic fluorescent dye coumarin-6 embedded into polymer nanoparticles in a suppository base was formulated. Particle diameters of 400-1100 nm were produced by a salting-out method and measured by laser diffraction. Nanoparticles reach the systemic circulation via fenestrated capillaries or remain within rectal membranes to release their contents. Dissolution over 168 hr was initially rapid followed by a steady decline, and tissue distribution showed coumarin-6 to be present in liver and lungs for a similar time period while in kidney, small intestines, and blood up to 96 hr. Microscopic observations showed nanoparticles to be present in blood up to 72 hr.
Rejection for connected digit recognition based on GPD segmental discrimination (2002)

Connected digit recognition is an area that has attracted significant attention because of its importance in automating a wide range of applications. In an actual application, the performance of the connected digit recognizer must be measured along two dimensions: its recognition accuracy over connected digit strings, and its rejection rate over utterances with no digits. This paper presents a rejection method for connected digit recognition. This rejection method is a post-processor to an HMM-based recognizer and consists of two stages: a digit/non-digit classification stage, and a string verification stage. The digit/non-digit classifier is discriminatively trained to determine if a given digit segment in the recognized string actually contains a digit. The string verification stage combines the results of the digit/non-digit classifier to make the final rejection decision. Experimental results on two independent databases, show that this rejection method is successful in not only rejecting speech with no connected digits, but also in rejecting putative errors, which would have resulted in misrecognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2016)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases risk of mortality from liver and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which may develop without cirrhosis. NAFLD predicts type 2 diabetes, even independently of obesity. Globally, the prevalence of NAFLD averages 25% and is as common as the metabolic syndrome. The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes have NAFLD. The challenge for the diabetologist is to identify patients at risk of advanced liver disease and HCC. At a minimum, liver function tests (LFTs), despite being neither specific nor sensitive, should be performed in all patients with the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Increases in LFTs, for which the updated reference values are lower (serum ALT ≈30 U/l in men and ≈20 U/l in women) than those hitherto used in many laboratories, should prompt assessment of fibrosis biomarkers and referral of individuals at risk to a NAFLD/hepatology clinic. Preferably, evaluation of NAFLD should be based on measurement of steatosis biomarkers or ultrasound if easily available. A large number of individuals carry the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M variant (30-50%) or the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) E167K variant (11-15%). These variants increase the risk of advanced liver disease and HCC but not of diabetes or CVD. Genotyping of selected patients for these variants is recommended. Many patients have 'double trouble', i.e. carry both a genetic risk factor and have the metabolic syndrome. Excess use of alcohol could be a cause of 'triple trouble', but such patients would be classified as having alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises a presentation given at the symposium 'The liver in focus' at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied by two other reviews on topics from this symposium (by Kenneth Cusi, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3952-1 , and by John Jones, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3940-5 ) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Michael Roden (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3911-x ).
One-Pot Synthesis of Diarylalkynes Using Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction and Decarboxylative Coupling of sp Carbon and sp<sup>2</sup> Carbon (2008)

Decarboxylative coupling of sp-sp2 carbons is possible by palladium catalyst. Employing propiolic acid (1) as a difunctional alkyne, and using the consecutive reactions of the Sonogashira reaction and the decarboxylative coupling, unsymmetrically substituted diaryl alkynes were obtained in moderate to good yield.
Fabrication of lateral doping profiles by a computer-controlled focused ion beam (1975)

The advantages and throughput of a specialized focused-ion-beam technique—the creation of smoothly varying lateral doping profiles—are investigated. Calculated and experimental results are presented for the technique by which the log(gain) –gate-voltage characteristic of a GaAs FET can be linearized over four orders of magnitude. The throughput of the lateral tailoring process is estimated to exceed 1000 devices per hour based on the assumptions of a 10-mil2 (640-μm2) area per device, an average tailoring dose of 1012 ions/cm2 for a 5-μm-diam focused spot, an ion beam brightness of ∠50 A cm-2 sr for dopant ions at typical implantation voltages 50–150 kV, and a total overhead (i.e., positioning and registration) time of 1 sec per device. While a focused ion beam system with these capabilities will require development, the performance requirements including the ion-source brightness are well within the scope of present technology.
Generation of Tunable Optical Frequency Combs with a High Side Mode Suppression Ratio (2014)

We demonstrate a new scheme of generating optical frequency combs (OFC) utilizing a single dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Gaussian-shaped OFC and flat OFC with a tunable spacing, flexible line-number and high side mode suppression ratio are generated.
Neural Kinematic Networks for Unsupervised Motion Retargetting (2018)

We propose a recurrent neural network architecture with a Forward Kinematics layer and cycle consistency based adversarial training objective for unsupervised motion retargetting. Our network captures the high-level properties of an input motion by the forward kinematics layer, and adapts them to a target character with different skeleton bone lengths (e.g., shorter, longer arms etc.). Collecting paired motion training sequences from different characters is expensive. Instead, our network utilizes cycle consistency to learn to solve the Inverse Kinematics problem in an unsupervised manner. Our method works online, i.e., it adapts the motion sequence on-the-fly as new frames are received. In our experiments, we use the Mixamo animation data1 to test our method for a variety of motions and characters and achieve state-of-the-art results. We also demonstrate motion retargetting from monocular human videos to 3D characters using an off-the-shelf 3D pose estimator.
FPGA-Based Hardware Implementation of Computationally Efficient Multi-Source DOA Estimation Algorithms (2019)

Hardware implementation of the proposed direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms based on Cholesky and LDL decomposition is presented in this paper. The proposed algorithms are implemented for execution on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as well as a PC (running LabVIEW) for the multiple non-coherent sources located in the far-field region of a uniform linear array (ULA). Prototype testbeds built using the national instruments (NI) universal software radio peripheral (USRP) software defined radio (SDR) platform and Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA are originally constructed for the experimental validation of the proposed algorithms. The results from LabVIEW simulations and real-time hardware experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Specifically, the implementation of the proposed algorithms on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA using the LabVIEW software clarifies their efficiency in terms of computation time and resource utilization, which make them suitable for the real-time practical applications. Moreover, the performance comparison with the QR decomposition-based DOA algorithms as well as similar FPGA-based implementations reported in the literature is conducted in terms of the estimation accuracy, computation speed, and FPGA resources consumed.
Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other alternative medicines for prostate cancer: an introduction and the need for more research. (1999)

There are several other alternative medicines apart from vitamins and minerals that the clinician should be aware of because they have grown in popularity in other fields of medicine. In time, these therapies should impact the arena of urologic oncology. Traditional Chinese Medicine, which includes acupuncture, is an area that has received some attention. The theory behind it can be quite daunting because it is so different from the theory behind Western Medical Science. In addition, exactly how acupuncture can be applied to a patient and its potential use in prostate cancer need to be addressed. Other herbal therapies for the patient experiencing symptoms related to a localized cancer diagnosis also need to be evaluated. St John's Wort for depression and Kava for anxiety are two examples of herbal alternatives that some prostate patients are inquiring about. Finally, Ginkgo biloba has received a great deal of attention in the media for erectile dysfunction, but there is a dearth of evidence in this area and the information that already exists can be misleading until further studies are conducted. Also, it is imperative that additional studies be performed in all of the above subjects as they relate to prostate cancer, but a general survey on alternative medicine use in urologic diseases is needed first before an adequate review of the most popular therapies can be published.
2-D Algorithm for Removing Scattered Light from STIS Echelle Data (2002)

Using the cores of saturated interstellar absorption lines, we demonstrate that a twodimensional model of scattered light should be used when extracting STIS echelle spectra, particularly in the FUV where echelle grating scatter is significant. We describe the 2-D scattered light model of Lindler & Bowers, which includes the effects of echelle grating scatter, detector halo, telescope PSF, cross-disperser scatter, and ghosts. We also describe the algorithm developed by Lindler & Bowers to remove scattered light from STIS images by iteratively constructing a scattered light estimate from the extracted spectrum. Finally, we describe the implementation and performance of the Lindler & Bowers algorithm in the IRAF task x1d, which is part of the calstis spectral extraction package.
Tripartite Quantum State Sharing (2004)

We demonstrate a multipartite protocol to securely distribute and reconstruct a quantum state. A secret quantum state is encoded into a tripartite entangled state and distributed to three players. By collaborating, any two of the three players can reconstruct the state, while individual players obtain nothing. We characterize this (2,3) threshold quantum state sharing scheme in terms of fidelity, signal transfer, and reconstruction noise. We demonstrate a fidelity averaged over all reconstruction permutations of 0.73+/-0.04, a level achievable only using quantum resources.
The chemistry of .beta.-enaminonitriles as versatile reagents in heterocyclic synthesis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of .beta.-enaminonitriles as versatile reagents in heterocyclic synthesisAyman Wahba. ErianCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 6, 1991–2005Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00022a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00022a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1186Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exciton magnetic polaron in semimagnetic semiconductor nanocrystals (1997)

We present a theoretical study of the magnetic polaron associated with an electron-hole pair in a diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dot. It is based on the effective-mass approximation in the strong confinement regime, which incorporates the coupling between the light- and heavy-hole bands. The magnetic polaron, arising from the sp-d exchange interaction between the confined carriers and the magnetic ions, is treated in a self-consistent mean-field approach that leads to coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations for the electron and the hole. The local response to the effective field is modeled by the experimental high-field magnetization curve in the bulk. The electron-hole Coulomb interaction is taken into account. An exact numerical solution of the three coupled equations is used to calculate the equilibrium polaron size, binding energy (${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$), and spin (${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{p}}$). Results are first presented for ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te nanocrystals with x=0.11. ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$ decreases and the orbital contraction increases with an increasing quantum dot radius (a). In small dots, approaching saturation in the core region, ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$ decreases slowly as the temperature (T) increases. In large dots ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$(T) decreases rapidly towards the fluctuation regime, where ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{a}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. A similar temperature dependence is obtained for ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{p}}$; the fluctuation-regime value is, however, size independent. The light-induced magnetization enhancement due to polaron formation is considered and an optimal quantum dot radius is predicted to be \ensuremath{\sim}30 \AA{}. We have also calculated ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{p}}$ as a function of an applied magnetic field, which shows a decreasing behavior that depends on a and T. Theoretical results for ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Se nanocrystals show a good agreement with recently reported experimental data on the photoluminescence Stokes shift versus magnetic field.
The Speech and Language Development of Low Birth Weight Infants (1983)

Summary A group of 70 low birth weight infants and 49 matched controls were studied at 3;5 years of age for speech and language development and hearing acuity as part of an ongoing developmental study of low birth weight infants. Results showed that the low birth weight infants were found to be significantly delayed in language expression and comprehension when compared with their controls. There was not a significant difference between the two groups in speech articulation or hearing. Certain social and environmental factors were found to be strong predictors of speech and language development in both groups.