gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase behavior of nanotube suspensions: from attraction induced percolation to liquid crystalline phases (2006)

This article presents an overview of recent studies on the behavior of carbon nanotube dispersions. The effect of attractive interactions on the percolation threshold is investigated. Contrary to this, we show that carbon nanotubes experiencing repulsive interactions exhibit a different phase behavior including liquid crystallinity.
Consistent Schemes for Addressing Surfaces when Ray Tracing Transparent CSG Objects (1992)

Abstract Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) defines the shape of objects, i.e. the inside and the outside regions of objects, but it does not define the material properties of the space in the interior of objects. The definition is ambiguous. There are points of space lying in several primitives, which can consist of different materials. When visualizing transparent objects this ambiguity leads to strange results, which are not consistent with the CSG modelling scheme and must therefore be eliminated. This work describes how an unambiguous model can be built by asymmetric CSG‐operators and how correct refraction and shading on material boundaries can be established by separating surface properties from material properties. This separation leads to a consistent view of CSG modelling also concerning materials and surfaces. Ray tracing CSG trees and the shading model are influenced by these asymmetric operators. We introduce an applied classification scheme to handle the requirements of the new operator definition.
Inhibition of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase by components of Sophora flavescens Aiton. (1986)

Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitiors contained in the roots of Sophora flavescens AITON were identified as flavonoids, kushenol A (9), kurarinone (5), and kuraridin (22). The structure-inhibitory activity relationships were studied in 30 flavonoids. O-Methylation of a hydroxyl group on an aromatic ring decreased the activity. The prenyl group is important for high inhibitory activity. A kinetic study revealed that nor-kurarinone, kurarinol and kurafidin non-competitively inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase.
Column Leaching Test to Evaluate the Use of Alkaline Industrial Wastes to Neutralize Acid Mine Tailings (2005)

Acid mine drainage is a serious environmental problem caused by the oxidation of sulfide minerals that releases highly acidic, sulfate, and metals-rich drainage. In this study, alkaline industrial wastes were mixed with acid mine tailings in order to obtain neutral conditions. A series of column leaching tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of reactive mine tailings amended with alkaline-additions under dynamic conditions. Column tests were conducted of oxidized mine tailings combined with cement kiln dust, red mud bauxite, and mixtures of cement kiln dust with red mud bauxite. The pH results show the addition of 10% of alkaline materials permits the maintenance of near neutral conditions. In the presence of 10% alkaline material, the concentration of toxic metals such as Al, Cu, Fe, Zn are significantly reduced as well as the number of viable cells (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) compared to control samples.
Investigation of transverse Peltier effect on top-seeded melt textureYBa2Cu3O7−δ (1996)

The transverse Peltier effect is investigated on the top-seeded melt texture superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). By restricting the heat absorbing or evolving on one of the sample’s surfaces, the Peltier heat flow is converted into a temperature difference for measurement. The temperature difference is found proportional to the current applied, which is in accordance with the prediction of transverse Peltier effect. Based on a simplified model, the difference of the Seebeck coefficients between the ab plane and the c axis, |Sab−Sc|, is about 35 μV/K. It is in good agreement with that of large single crystal [I. Terasaki, Y. Sato, S. Tajima, S. Miyamoto, and S. Tanaka, Physica C 235-240, 1413 (1994)]. The transverse Peltier effect is verified. This supports the idea that the off-diagonal thermoelectric effect is responsible for the anomalously high laser-induced transient transverse voltage on the oriented YBCO superconducting thin films.
CYCLOSPORIN A AS THE INITIAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT FOR CANINE LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (1982)

Cyclosporin A (Cy A) was evaluated as the initial immunosuppressive agent for lung transplantation in unmatched mongrel dogs. Rejection phenomena were assessed by plain chest roentgenograms, histology, radionuclide ventilation-perfusion scans, and by the level of lectin-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Two groups of lung allograft recipients were studied. One group was treated with Cy A alone and the other was treated with Cy A and a short course of azathioprine (AZA) therapy (2 mg/ kg/day for 14 days). Recipient survival and the nature and severity of rejection phenomena were similar in the two groups. Two morphologically and functionally distinct patterns of rejection occurred with similar frequency in Cy A and Cy A-AZA-treated lung allograft recipients. The first pattern was characterized by extensive changes in plain chest roentgenograms, the presence of interstitial, perivascular, and alveolar mononuclear cell infiltrates in histological sections, both ventilation and perfusion abnormalities on lung scans, and relatively high levels of lectin-mediated T cell cytotoxicity. The second pattern of rejection was characterized by minimal changes on chest films, histological findings limited to perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, relatively normal ventilation but abnormal perfusion on lung scans, and significantly lower T cell cytotoxicity. High-dose, short-term treatment with methylprednisolone was usually effective in the reversal of the first type of rejection. In contrast, long-term maintenance prednisone therapy that was begun >30 days after transplantation was necessary to suppress the second pattern of rejection. Our study suggests that Cy A alone provides effective initial immunosuppression for use in lung allotransplantation, although corticosteroid therapy may be required after the 1st month. Preliminary data suggest that it may be possible to discontinue Cy A therapy without evidence of increased lung allograft rejection in some mongrel dogs.
Pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). (2004)

Due to the widespread use of unfractionated (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LWH) for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is considered to be the most frequent (and potentially the most devastating) drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Induced by an immune response, excessive activation of platelets and endothelium cells causes massive thrombin generation and, as a result, life-threatening venous and arterial thrombotic vessel occlusion. The rate of mortality and amputation in HIT II is estimated to be 30% and 20%, respectively. The clinical course of HIT II depends highly on early therapeutic intervention consisting of immediate interruption of heparin application and, most important, of compatible thrombin inhibition. All measures implying a potentially procoagulant risk such as begin of oral anticoagulation or platelet substitution may result in disastrous side effects.
Balistic magnetoresistance in nanocontacts electrochemically grown between macro- and microscopic ferromagnetic electrodes (2002)

Our results prove the local origin of magnetoresistance in electrochemically deposited Ni nanocontacts. Experiments have been done using a complex setup for both in situ growth and ballistic magnetoresistance (BMR) measurements. Nanocontacts have been grown between two macroscopic Ni wires. In situ experiments with variation of the nanocontact diameter from 3 to 20 nm have been done using the same pair of wires. BMR values from 0.5% to 100% have been observed but no correlation of BMR value with the sample resistance, i.e., with the nanocontact cross section, has been found. These results show that the BMR in the nanometric size contact is determined by local geometrical and magnetic structures near the nanocontact rather than by the contact cross section itself. The hypothesis of existence of the intrinsic nonmagnetic dead layer in the ferromagnetic nanocontact is proposed to account for the BMR properties of the nanometric size contacts. Additionally, we report a BMR value of 200% in a Ni nanocontact (5 nm diameter) electrochemically grown between two nonmagnetic macroscopic gold wires. An external magnetic field has been used during the electrochemical deposition to fix the easy magnetic axis of the deposited Ni layer.
Advanced training model for beating heart coronary artery surgery: the Zurich heart-trainer (2002)

The similarity to human tissue and the easy set-up make this completely artificial model an ideal teaching tool to increase the confidence of cardiac surgeons dealing with beating heart and minimally invasive surgery.
The <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> quorum‐sensing systems <i>ain</i> and <i>lux</i> sequentially induce luminescence gene expression and are important for persistence in the squid host (2003)

Bacterial quorum sensing using acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) as cell-density dependent signalling molecules is important for the transcriptional regulation of many genes essential in the establishment and the maintenance of bacteria-host associations. Vibrio fischeri, the symbiotic partner of the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes, possesses two distinct acyl-HSL synthase proteins, LuxI and AinS. Whereas the cell density-dependent regulation of luminescence by the LuxI-produced signal is a well-described phenomenon, and its role in light organ symbiosis has been defined, little is known about the ain system. We have investigated the impact of the V. fischeri acyl-HSL synthase AinS on both luminescence and symbiotic colonization. Through phenotypic studies of V. fischeri mutants we have found that the AinS-signal is the predominant inducer of luminescence expression in culture, whereas the impact of the LuxI-signal is apparent only at the high cell densities occurring in symbiosis. Furthermore, our studies revealed that ainS regulates activities essential for successful colonization of E. scolopes, i.e. the V. fischeri ainS mutant failed to persist in the squid light organ. Mutational inactivation of the transcriptional regulator protein LuxO in the ainS mutant partially or completely reversed all the observed phenotypes, demonstrating that the AinS-signal regulates expression of downstream genes through the inactivation of LuxO. Taken together, our results suggest that the two quorum-sensing systems in V. fischeri, ain and lux, sequentially induce the expression of luminescence genes and possibly other colonization factors.
Caller Identification System of Wire or Wireless Phone Based on Internet (2009)

We have implemented the CID(Caller Identification) system based on the web internet. The system can connect a wire or wireless phone to the computer. A transmitting signal of the phone before starting the voice communication be displayed on PC, and connects with the GPS. Here the GPS signal informs the position information of an object with a satellite. Then the CID presents several information of the terminal phone on PC.
Comparative Maps of Motion and Assembly of Filamentous Actin and Myosin II in Migrating Cells (2007)

To understand the mechanism of cell migration, one needs to know how the parts of the motile machinery of the cell are assembled and how they move with respect to each other. Actin and myosin II are thought to be the major structural and force-generating components of this machinery (Mitchison and Cramer, 1996; Parent, 2004). The movement of myosin II along actin filaments is thought to generate contractile force contributing to cell translocation, but the relative motion of the two proteins has not been investigated. We use fluorescence speckle and conventional fluorescence microscopy, image analysis, and computer tracking techniques to generate comparative velocity and assembly maps of actin and myosin II over the entire cell in a simple model system of persistently migrating fish epidermal keratocytes. The results demonstrate contrasting polarized assembly patterns of the two components, indicate force generation at the lamellipodium-cell body transition zone, and suggest a mechanism of anisotropic network contraction via sliding of myosin II assemblies along divergent actin filaments.
Preparation and characterization of sol-gel derived SiO2-TiO2-PDMS composite films (2001)

Thin films of the SiO 2 -TiO 2 -PDMS composite material have been prepared by the sol-gel dip coating method. Acid catalyzed solutions of tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) mixed with titanium isopropoxide Ti(O'Pr) were used as precursors. The optical and structural properties of the organically modified 70SiO 2 -30TiO 2 composite films have been investigated with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and prism coupling technique. The films coated on the soda-lime-silicate glass exhibit 450-750 nm thickness, 1.56-1.68 refractive index and 88-94% transmittance depending on the experimental parameters such as amount of PDMS, thermal treatment and heating rate. The optical loss of prepared composite film was measured to be about 0.34 dB/cm.
Reflectant Induced Modification of Soybean Canopy Radiation Balance IV. Leaf and Canopy Temperature<sup>1</sup> (1976)

Abstract Potential water‐savings and increased water use efficiency may result from reflectant‐induced modification of the canopy radiation balance. This report is the fourth in a series of papers describing reflectant treatment effects on the radiation balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reflectant treatment on the leaf and canopy temperature of two soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivars which display contrasting types of canopy architecture. ‘Amsoy’ and ‘Beeson’ which have erectophile and planophile canopies, respectively, were used. Leaf temperature was measured with leaf thermocouples and canopy temperature with an infrared thermometer. Near solar noon, the reflectorized Amsoy canopy was 1 to 2 C warmer than the untreated canopy. Smaller but qualitatively similar differences were observed in the Beeson cultivar. Whether reflectorized or not, the Amsoy canopies were warmer than the corresponding Beeson canopies. The increased temperature of the treated plants was corroborated by thermal imagery from an airborne scanner. The unexpected temperature increase of the reflectorized crop was due to two major factors. The first, and probably most important, was a decrease in the longwave emissivity of the treated crop. This, in turn, caused reduced cooling rates and also caused the absorptivity to emissivity ratio ( α / ε ) to be increased. The second factor was reduced transpiration rates which were observed for the reflectorized crop.
Strain‐Promoted Alkyne–Azide Cycloadditions (SPAAC) Reveal New Features of Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis (2011)

We have shown that 4-dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO), which can easily be obtained by a streamlined synthesis approach, reacts exceptionally fast in the absence of a Cu(I) catalyst with azido-containing compounds to give stable triazoles. Chemical modifications of DIBO, such as oxidation of the alcohol to a ketone, increased the rate of strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloadditions (SPAAC). Installment of a ketone or oxime in the cyclooctyne ring resulted in fluorescent active compounds whereas this property was absent in the corresponding cycloaddition adducts; this provides the first example of a metal-free alkyne-azide fluoro-switch click reaction. The alcohol or ketone functions of the cyclooctynes offer a chemical handle to install a variety of different tags, and thereby facilitate biological studies. It was found that DIBO modified with biotin combined with metabolic labeling with an azido-containing monosaccharide can determine relative quantities of sialic acid of living cells that have defects in glycosylation (Lec CHO cells). A combined use of metabolic labeling/SPAAC and lectin staining of cells that have defects in the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex revealed that such defects have a greater impact on O-glycan sialylation than galactosylation, whereas sialylation and galactosylation of N-glycans was similarly impacted. These results highlight the fact that the fidelity of Golgi trafficking is a critical parameter for the types of oligosaccharides being biosynthesized by a cell. Furthermore, by modulating the quantity of biosynthesized sugar nucleotide, cells might have a means to selectively alter specific glycan structures of glycoproteins.
Ratios Involving Extreme Values (1951)

Ratios of the form $(x_n - x_{n-j})/(x_n - x_i)$ for small values of $i$ and $j$ and $n = 3, \cdots, 30$ are discussed. The variables concerned are order statistics, i.e., sample values such that $x_1 < x_2 < \cdots < x_n$. Analytic results are obtained for the distributions of these ratios for several small values of $n$ and percentage values are tabled for these distributions for samples of size $n \leqq 30$.
Efficient delivery of large DNA from Escherichia coli to Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 by broad-host-range conjugal plasmid pUB307 (2018)

Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942, a cyanobacterium that uses light and carbon dioxide to grow, has a high ability to incorporate DNA by transformation. To assess the effective delivery of large DNA in plasmid form, we cloned the endogenous plasmid pANL (46.4 kbp) into a BAC vector of Escherichia coli. The plasmid p38ANL (54.3 kbp) replaced the native plasmid. To assess the delivery of larger DNA into PCC7942, p38ANL was fused to the broad-host-range conjugal transfer plasmid pUB307IP (53.5 kbp). The resulting plasmid pUB307IP501 (107.9 kbp) was transmitted from E. coli to PCC7942 by simple mixing of donor and recipient cultures. PCC7942 transcipients possessed only pUB307IP501, replacing the preexisting pANL. In contrast, the pUB307IP501 plasmid was unable to transform PCC7942, indicating that natural transformation of DNA may be restricted by size limitations. The ability to deliver large DNA by conjugation may lead to genetic engineering in PCC7942.
Largamides A−H, Unusual Cyclic Peptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. (2006)

Seven new depsipeptides, termed largamides A-G (1-7), and one new cyclic peptide, largamide H (8), have been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. Their structures were determined by NMR and ESI-MS techniques. The absolute configurations were assigned using LC-MS, chiral HPLC, and combined analysis of homonuclear and heteronuclear (2,3)J couplings, along with ROE data. Largamides, isolated from a single homogeneous cyanobacterial collection, represent three different structural classes of peptides. Largamides A-C (1-3) are characterized by the unusual occurrence of a senecioic acid unit, while largamides B (2) and C (3) possess in addition the rare 2-amino-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid (Ahppa) and the novel 2-amino-6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (Ahpha), respectively. Largamides D-G (4-7) are the first 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone acid (Ahp)-containing depsipeptides reported with the rare Ahppa unit. Largamide H (8) is a unique cyclic peptide displaying a new 2,5-dihydroxylated beta-amino acid moiety, a methoxylated derivative of Ahppa, and two residues of the nonstandard 2,3-dehydro-2-aminobutanoic acid (Dab). Largamides D-G (4-7) inhibited chymotrypsin with IC(50) values ranging between 4 and 25 microM.
Stabilized, Freeze-Dried PCR Mix for Detection of Mycobacteria (1998)

We report here the development of a freeze-drying procedure allowing stabilization at ambient temperature of preoptimized, premixed, and predispensed PCR mixes aimed at the detection of mycobacteria in clinical materials. The freeze-dried mixes retained activity at 4 degrees C and at 20 degrees C for 1 year and for 3 months at 37 degrees C, as judged by their performance with 50 and 500 fg of purified Mycobacterium bovis BCG target DNA.
The Gene Encoding the T-box Factor Tbx2 Is a Target for the Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor in Melanocytes (2000)

Commitment to the melanocyte lineage is characterized by the onset of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) expression. Mitf plays a fundamental role in melanocyte development, with mice lacking Mitf being entirely devoid of pigment cells. In the absence of functional Mitf protein, melanoblasts expressing Mitf mRNA disappear around 2 days after their first appearance either by apoptosis or by losing their identity and adopting an alternative cell fate. The role of Mitf must therefore be to regulate genes required for melanoblast survival, proliferation, or the maintenance of melanoblast identity. Yet to date, Mitf has been shown to regulate genes such as Tyrosinase, Tyrp-1, and Dct, which are required for pigmentation, a differentiation-specific process. Because expression of these genes cannot account for the complete absence of pigment cells in Mitf-negative mice, Mitf must regulate the expression of other as yet uncharacterized genes. Here we provide several lines of evidence to suggest that Mitf may regulate the expression of the Tbx2 transcription factor, a member of the T-box family of proteins implicated in the maintenance of cell identity. First, isolation and sequencing of the entire murine Tbx2 gene revealed that the Tbx2 promoter contains a full consensus Mitf recognition element; second, Mitf could bind the promoter in vitro and activate Tbx2 expression in vivo in an E box-dependent fashion; and third, Tbx2 is expressed in melanoma cell lines expressing Mitf, but not in a line in which Mitf expression was not detectable. Taken together, with the fact that Tbx2 is expressed in Mitf-positive melanoblasts and melanocytes, but not in Mitf-negative melanoblast precursor cells, the evidence suggests that the Tbx2 gene may represent one of the first known targets for Mitf that is not a gene involved directly in the manufacture of pigment.
Evaluation of the Axially Viewed (End-on) Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Source for Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (1979)

A comparison of an “end-on” viewed argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP) operated in the horizontal position with the conventional “side-on” viewed argon ICP was carried out using the same experimental setup. The end-on ICP required an air cutoff stream located toward the tip of the luminous discharge, to protect the optics and to increase linearity ranges, and the orifice diameter of the central tube of the torch was widened to 1.9 mm, to improve line/background ratios. With the end-on viewed plasma the linearity ranges, the susceptibility to solute vaporization and to ionization matrix effects, and the detection limits in an organic solvent were insignificantly different from those observed with the side-on viewed plasma. Detection limits with aqueous samples were always significantly lower with the end-on viewed plasma, usually five- to tenfold lower, in a few instances, 20-fold lower. With the end-on viewed plasma the optimal observation region for both single and simultaneous multielement analysis is one and the same and is extremely easy to locate.