gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaN-Based LEDs With Mesh ITO p-Contact and Nanopillars (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, the authors report the fabrication of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with mesh indium–tin–oxide p-contact and nanopillars on patterned sapphire substrate. Using hydrothermal ZnO nanorods as the etching hard mask, the authors successfully formed vertical GaN nanopillars inside the mesh regions and on the mesa-etched regions. It was found that 20-mA forward voltage and reverse leakage currents observed from the proposed LED were only slightly larger than those observed from the conventional LEDs. It was also found that output power of the proposed LED was more than 80% larger than that observed from conventional LED prepared on flat sapphire substrate. </para>
Single ether group in a glycol-based ultra-thin layer prevents surface fouling from undiluted serum (2011)

Through systematic structural modification, it is shown that the internal, single oxygen atom of simple monoethylene glycol-based organic films is essential for radically altering the fouling behaviour of quartz against undiluted serum, as characterized by the electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor. The synergy is strongest with distal hydroxyls.
RIDING-QUALITIES RESEARCH (1924)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The ascertaining of the factors that determine the riding-qualities of automobiles and the methods employed in studying these factors and the lines along which research should be directed in an effort to improve riding conditions are proposed in this paper with a view to encouraging further helpful discussion of the riding-qualities problem.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Relative to the first of these questions, the factors treated in this paper comprise (<i>a</i>) road characteristics with respect to the vehicle; (<i>b</i>) the vertical, the longitudinal and the transverse motions of an automobile, as well as small vibrations or oscillations of high frequency; (<i>c</i>) vehicle characteristics, such as springing, accessory control, tires, wheels, chassis frame, seating, body, engine and transmission, steering-gear, brakes, heating, ventilating and lighting.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Four methods most frequently applied to the study of riding-qualities are those employing (<i>a</i>) direct observation by the experimenter, (<i>b</i>) accelerometer measurements, (<i>c</i>) seismograph measurements and (<i>d</i>) photographic analysis, including motion pictures and the photographing of lights suitably mounted upon the vehicle and its load. The requirements that must be fulfilled by instruments in this work are discussed, and several interesting designs of accelerometers and seismographs are described.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In considering the problem of future research, the author mentions as the aims of such investigation (<i>a</i>) accurate analysis of the motions and the forces to which an automobile passenger is subjected, (b) determining as definitely as possible the effects of these motions and forces upon the individual, (<i>c</i>) correlating the conditions with their proper sources and (<i>d</i>) remedying the causes of the uncomfortable or fatiguing conditions. It is shown that, although some study has been devoted to certain phases of the problem, no complete solution has been achieved because of a lack of coordination in the results. Recommendations for future work include (<i>a</i>) a study of the characteristics of vehicle motions with an instrument installation that will record simultaneously both the rotational and the translational effects that may be of importance, (<i>b</i>) an investigation of the effects of the prevailing motions upon individuals, by subjecting a large number of persons to laboratory tests in which riding conditions could be accurately reproduced with suitable apparatus and by studying the results in close cooperation with physiological and psychological experts and (<i>c</i>) an endeavor to apply this information to the investigation of the influence exerted by the various components of the vehicle upon the motions.</div>
Morphology of Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorphology of Polymer-Stabilized Liquid CrystalsC. V. Rajaram, S. D. Hudson, and L. C. ChienCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 12, 2300–2308Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00060a018https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00060a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1248Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mass Spectrometry Assisted Assignment of NMR Resonances in Reductively <sup>13</sup>C-Methylated Proteins (2005)

Reductive 13C-methylation of proteins has been used as an isotope labeling strategy to study protein structure, function, and dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. However, assigning the resulting 13C-dimethylamine peaks in a 1H-13C NMR spectrum has proved to be difficult, but it is important to expand the scope of the method. The assignment strategy presented here utilizes mass spectrometry (MS) for sequence identification and varying 13C/12C isotope ratios to correlate with NMR data. The site-specific reactivity of the lysines and N-terminal amine of a protein is exploited to produce a sample with varying 13C/12C ratios at each dimethylamine. MS and NMR are used to quantitate and correlate these ratios in order to assign peaks in the 1H-13C NMR spectrum. Hen egg white lysozyme was used as a model protein to demonstrate this assignment strategy.
Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfinylzincation of 1‐Alkynoates Using 1‐Alkynyl Sulfoxides Bearing a Chiral Auxiliary. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Minimal Set of SNPs for the Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of <i>β</i>‐Thalassaemia (2013)

β-thalassaemia is one of the commonest autosomal recessive single-gene disorders worldwide. Prenatal tests use invasive methods, posing a risk for the pregnancy itself. Development of a noninvasive prenatal diagnostic method is, therefore, of paramount importance. The aim of the present study is to identify high-heterozygote informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suitable for the development of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of β-thalassaemia. SNP genotyping analysis was performed on 75 random samples from the Cypriot population for 140 SNPs across the β-globin cluster. Shortlisted, highly heterozygous SNPs were then examined in 101 carrier families for their applicability in the noninvasive detection of paternally inherited alleles. Forty-nine SNPs displayed more than 6% heterozygosity and were selected for NIPD analysis, revealing 72.28% of the carrier families eligible for qualitative SNP-based NIPD, and 92% for quantitative detection. Moreover, inference of haplotypes showed predominant haplotypes and many subhaplotypes with sufficient prevalence for diagnostic exploitation. SNP-based analyses are sensitive and specific for the detection of the paternally inherited allele in maternal plasma. This study provides proof of concept for this approach, highlighting its superiority to NIPD based on single markers and thus providing a blueprint for the general development of noninvasive prenatal diagnostic assays for β-thalassaemia.
Bleach‐induced Germination and Breakage of Dormancy of Seeds of<i>Alectra vogelii</i> (1975)

Abstract The effects of solutions of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite (bleach) on dormancy and germination of Alectra vogelii seeds were investigated. Dry (non‐pretreated) and 10‐day water‐pretreated seeds were exposed to various bleach concentrations, as well as to the host ( Vigna unguiculata ) root exudate. The 15‐month‐old Alectra seeds used were partially dormant in that only 40% or less of the 10‐day pretreated seeds could be stimulated to germinate by the standard host root exudate. Comparable percentage germination of nonpretreated seeds was achieved with certain concentrations of bleach and the halogens, chlorine and bromine. Bleach and the halogens served not only as germination stimulant for pretreated Alectra seeds but appropriate concentrations induced also high percentage (70–90%) germination indicating a breakage of seed dormancy as well. The activity of the bleach in stimulating high percentage germination could be significantly reduced when the optimally bleach‐treated seeds were rinsed daily with water during the germination period. Vigna root exudate, but not bleach, was shown to act as root stimulant for Alectra seedlings. The possible mechanism of the bleach effect on germination and dormancy of Alectra seeds is discussed.
Organo-silicon Compounds. I. Synthesis and Properties of n-Alkyltrimethyl- and n-Alkyltriethyl-silanes (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrgano-silicon Compounds. I. Synthesis and Properties of n-Alkyltrimethyl- and n-Alkyltriethyl-silanesF. C. Whitmore, L. H. Sommer, P. A. Di Giorgio, W. A. Strong, R. E. van Strien, D. L. Bailey, H. K. Hall, E. W. Pietrusza, and G. T. KerrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 3, 475–481Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01207a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01207a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Laundromat Model for Autonomic Cluster Computing (2006)

Traditional High Performance Computing systems require extensive management and suffer from security and configuration problems. This paper presents a new cluster-management system, called Evil Man, that aims at making clusters as secure and self-managing as possible. Evil Man is inspired by real-life Laundromats: All nodes in a cluster are configured with a minimal software base consisting of a Virtual Machine Monitor and a remote bootstrapping mechanism and customers then buy access using a simple pre-paid token scheme. All necessary application software, including the operating system, is provided by the customer as a full Virtual Machine and boot-strapped or migrated into the cluster Technically, the core ingredients of Evil Man are a novel operating system Boot-strapping and Self-Migration mechanism and a simple pre-paid Token Scheme on which all access control and accounting is based. Combined, these mechanisms create a simple, autonomous, secure and highly flexible cluster computing platform suitable for deployment in a cluster or Grid system. We work hard at reducing the amount of privileged network-facing software on each node. For instance, the privileged part of our network protocol implementation consists of only a few hundred lines of C-code. Performance measurements of our prototype show that Evil Man can bootstrap a non-trivial application onto an 11-node cluster in less than nine seconds and that performing live migration during application execution has negligible performance impact.
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein activates the promoter of the serum albumin gene in cultured hepatoma cells. (1989)

An expression vector capable of encoding full-length CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) has been constructed and tested in transient transfection assays for its capacity to activate transcription from the promoter of the serum albumin gene. When tested in cultured hepatoma cells, the C/EBP expression vector achieved potent trans-activation of the albumin promoter. Less substantial activation was observed when the same experiment was conducted using cultured mouse fibroblasts. Expression vectors that encoded defective forms of C/EBP failed to activate the albumin promoter. Moreover, mutated variants of the albumin promoter that lack the C/EBP-binding site failed to be trans-activated. The data are consistent with the interpretation that C/EBP is a bona fide transcription factor. During the course of these experiments it was noted also that C/EBP is more than an order of magnitude less concentrated in cultured hepatoma cells than it is in adult liver cells. Given these findings, we speculate that C/EBP may play a general role in establishing and maintaining the differentiated, nonproliferative state.
Review of Cask Operation and Maintenance for Spent Fuel Storage (2005)

The role of casks, which in the past have been essential for the transport of radioactive materials for use in the nuclear industry, has significantly expanded in recent years to include dry storage of spent fuel at a growing number of nuclear sites around the world. While the bulk of the world's spent fuel is still kept in classical water pools at reactor sites and several reprocessing facilities, the majority of the away-from-reactor storage facilities newly built for additional storage of spent fuel are opting for dry cask storage, which has the practical advantages of being modular, thus enabling flexible implementation, and of being passively cooled, thus facilitating cost-effective operation. The preference for casks as a new option for spent fuel storage also hinges on encouraging results from research and industrial applications in the past couple of decades combined with a mature and competitive market. In view of the current outlook that casks are likely to become the preferred method for storage of spent fuel, experience of cask operation and maintenance that has already been accumulated can provide a valuable basis for better planning and implementation in the future. Improvements in cask operation and maintenance may also be an important factor contributing to wider public acceptance, which has become a crucial issue in many spent fuel management projects. This paper provides a review of technical information associated with cask operation and maintenance for spent fuel storage on the basis of information collected from relevant IAEA meetings, and identifies major issues to be considered for the future.
Waveguide branches in photonic crystals (2001)

Theoretical and numerical analyses of waveguide branches in a photonic crystal are presented. Conditions for perfect transmission and zero reflection are discussed. Based upon these conditions, numerical simulations of electromagnetic-wave propagation in photonic crystals are performed to identify structures with near-complete transmission.
Thiazolidinediones (AD-4833 and CS-045) Improve Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. (1993)

To investigate whether thiazolidinediones (AD-4833 and CS-045), new oral antidiabetic agents, are effective in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the effect of thiazolidinediones on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied by the glucose clamp technique. Diabetic rats were divided into five groups: (1) intensively insulin treated group given a daily injection of 4-6 units Ultralente insulin, (2) AD-4833 group treated with a daily injection of 2 units Ultralente insulin, the minimal dose to make urinary ketones negative, and ingestion of 10 mg/kg of AD-4833 suspended in 5% gum arabic, (3) gum arabic group treated in the same way as the AD-4833 group except for the active drug, (4) CS-045 group treated with the same insulin injection and ingestion of 200 mg/kg CS-045 suspended in 0.5% chlormethyl cellulose, (5) chlormethyl cellulose group treated as the control for the CS-045 group. Seven days after these treatments, all five groups of diabetic rats and normal control rats were subjected to the glucose clamp study in which 3 mU.kg-1.min-1 porcine insulin was continuously infused. Glucose infusion rates (GIR) for the gum arabic and chlormethyl cellulose groups were significantly lower than in control rats, and the rates of hepatic glucose output (HGO) of these two groups were not suppressed, indicating the presence of hepatic insulin resistance. Intensive insulin treatment as well as administration of AD-4833 and CS-045 with a minimal dose of insulin restored both GIR and HGO towards normal levels. It is concluded that thiazolidinediones improved hepatic insulin resistance in the presence of a minimal dose of insulin.
Identification and Characterization of the Structural and Transporter Genes for, and the Chemical and Biological Properties of, Sublancin 168, a Novel Lantibiotic Produced by Bacillus subtilis 168 (1998)

An antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis 168 was isolated and characterized. It was named sublancin 168, and its behavior during Edman sequence analysis and its NMR spectrum suggested that sublancin is a dehydroalanine-containing lantibiotic. A hybridization probe based on the peptide sequence was used to clone the presublancin gene, which encoded a 56-residue polypeptide consisting of a 19-residue leader segment and a 37-residue mature segment. The mature segment contained one serine, one threonine, and five cysteine residues. Alkylation of mature sublancin showed no free sulfhydryl groups, suggesting that one sulfydryl had formed a beta-methyllanthionine bridge with a dehydrobutyrine derived by posttranslational modification of threonine; with the other four cysteines forming two disulfide bridges. It is unprecedented for a lantibiotic to contain a disulfide bridge. The sublancin leader was similar to known type AII lantibiotics, containing a double-glycine motif that is typically recognized by dual-function transporters. A protein encoded immediately downstream from the sublancin gene possessed features of a dual-function ABC transporter with a proteolytic domain and an ATP-binding domain. The antimicrobial activity spectrum of sublancin was like other lantibiotics, inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negative bacteria; and like the lantibiotics nisin and subtilin in its ability to inhibit both bacterial spore outgrowth and vegetative growth. Sublancin is an extraordinarily stable lantibiotic, showing no degradation or inactivation after being stored in aqueous solution at room temperature for 2 years. The fact that sublancin is a natural product of B. subtilis 168, for which a great deal of genetic information is available, including the entire sequence of its genome, suggests that sublancin will be an especially good model for studying the potential of lantibiotics as sources of novel biomaterials.
The AC photovoltaic module concept (2002)

The concept of the AC photovoltaic module-a photovoltaic module with an integral DC to AC inverter-was conceived 20 years ago at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, but is only now reaching commercial realization. Advances in power electronics, integrated circuits, microprocessors and communications were needed before AC photovoltaic modules could become a reality. Advanced Energy Systems and Solarex (the largest US-owned PV manufacturer) are now bringing the first commercial AC PV module to market. This is a 240 Watt peak large-area (6'3'/spl times/3'8") PV module with an integral 240 Watt inverter (4 Amps, 60 V DC input to 120 V AC, 60 Hz, 2 A output). The AC Module concept has many advantages over central inverter systems-the main ones being a low minimum system size (and hence a low barrier to market entry) and the ability to site individual modules without concern for shading and orientation. We believe that the AC PV module will became a significant consumer product and will have wide application as part of the emerging distributed electric utility.
An esthetic titanium abutment: report of a technique. (1991)

New esthetic two-piece titanium abutment cylinders have recently been introduced for the Brånemark implant system. The conical design allows for the fabrication of fixed partial dentures with improved esthetics compared to the conventional abutment design. The improved feature provides for the ability to begin the restoration closer to the implant while still maintaining a titanium/soft-tissue interface. Two designs, one short and one long, are currently being produced. The components, techniques, and clinical advantages of the short two-piece esthetic abutment are reviewed.
Linewidth enhancement factor in InGaAsP/lnP modulation-doped strained multiple-quantum-well lasers (1994)

Reduction of the linewidth enhancement factor /spl alpha/ is studied in InP-based strained multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers. Theoretical analysis shows that the /spl alpha/-parameter is greatly reduced in modulation-doped strained MQW lasers and may be zero while keeping positive gain. The experimental evaluation exhibits a very small /spl alpha/-parameter of around 1 in InGaAsP/InP modulation-doped strained MQW lasers. As a result of the small /spl alpha/-parameter, the linewidth-power product is effectively reduced in 1.5-/spl mu/m DFB lasers with the modulation-doped strained MQW structure. A narrow spectral linewidth around 100 kHz was also obtained reproducibly in 1.5-/spl mu/m modulation-doped strained MQW DFB lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>