gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal T <sub>H</sub> 17 and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation Mediated by Retinoic Acid (2007)

The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) converts naïve T cells into regulatory T (Treg) cells that prevent autoimmunity. However, in the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6), TGF-beta has also been found to promote the differentiation of naïve T lymphocytes into proinflammatory IL-17 cytokine-producing T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells, which promote autoimmunity and inflammation. This raises the question of how TGF-beta can generate such distinct outcomes. We identified the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid as a key regulator of TGF-beta-dependent immune responses, capable of inhibiting the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory T(H)17 cells and promoting anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation. These findings indicate that a common metabolite can regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immunity.
In vivo efficacy of systemic tumor targeting of a viral RNA vector with oncolytic properties using a bispecific adapter protein (2006)

The aim of the study was: i) to specifically target tumor tissue by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with oncolytic properties, ii) to improve the delivery system for systemic application of NDV via a bispecific adapter protein and iii) to investigate anti-tumor activity and side-effects. We selected two oncolytic virus strains, one native and the other recombinant, which showed multicyclic replication patterns in tumor cells. In order to reduce normal cell binding, they were modified by preincubation with a recombinant bispecific protein which blocks the viral native cell binding site and introduces a new binding site for a tumor-associated target (in this study, the interleukin-2-receptor, IL-2R). After intravenous transfer to mice, uptake of modified NDV in liver, spleen, kidney and lung was greatly reduced in comparison to unmodified NDV as determined by RRT-PCR of viral M gene copies. In IL-2R+ tumor bearing mice, the same assay revealed a high replication efficiency of the modified virus in the tumor tissue. Tumor therapy experiments showed that the side-effects induced by systemic application were greatly reduced by the adapter protein and that the anti-tumor effects were mostly undiminished. The demonstration of significant systemic anti-tumor activity of this viral vector suggests potential for augmentation by inclusion of one or more therapeutic genes.
Palladium-catalysed conversion of alkenols into five- and six-membered ring lactones at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (1985)

H. Alper and D. Leonard, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 511 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000511
Current best treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2003)

Treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. NAFLD associated with obesity may be resolved by weight reduction, although the benefits of weight loss have been inconsistent. Improving insulin sensitivity with lifestyle modifications or medications usually improves glucose and lipid levels in patients with diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Improving insulin sensitivity is expected to improve the liver disease but in many diabetic/hyperlipidaemic patients with NAFLD, the appropriate control of glucose and lipid levels is not always accompanied by improvement of the liver condition. Results of pilot studies evaluating ursodeoxycholic acid, gemfibrozil, betaine, N-acetylcysteine, αtocopherol, metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives suggest that these medications may be of potential benefit. This article reviews the treatment modalities currently available for patients with NAFLD, including emerging data from clinical trials evaluating promising medications as well as possibilities for the future.
Induction of G1 Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Jurkat T Cells by Pentagalloylglucose through Inhibiting Proteasome Activity and Elevating p27Kip1, p21Cip1/WAF1, and Bax Proteins (2004)

Pentagalloylglucose, which is found in many medicinal plants, can arrest the cell cycle at G(1) phase through down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1/WAF1) in human breast cancer cells. Pentagalloylglucose also induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells. However, the mechanisms by which pentagalloylglucose induces these effects is unclear. We now show that pentagalloylglucose inhibits the activities of purified 20 and 26 S proteasomes in vitro, the 26 S proteasome in Jurkat T cell lysates, and chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26 S proteasome in intact Jurkat T cells. The turnover of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1/WAF1), which is necessary for cell cycle progression mediated by proteasome degradation, was disrupted by treatment of human Jurkat T cells with pentagalloylglucose. This was shown by cycloheximide treatment and in vivo pulse-chase labeling experiments, and this effect correlated with the arrest of proliferation of Jurkat T cells at G(1). Inhibition of the proteasome by pentagalloylglucose and by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 caused accumulation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins in Jurkat T cells. The addition of pentagalloylglucose to Jurkat T cells enhanced the stability of the proteasome substrate Bax and increased cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Our findings suggest a mechanism for the effect of pentagalloylglucose on the cell cycle in human leukemic cells: that pentagalloylglucose down-regulates proteasome-mediated pathways because it is a proteasome inhibitor.
哺乳動物単為発生誘起に関する研究、特に幼若ラット過排卵卵のin vitro活性 (1976)

幼若ラット過排卵卵をヒアルロニダーゼ・低張処理法により活性化させるための条件を検討し,その活性化法を確立することを目的とした. さらに,得られた活性卵の発育性を体外培養で観察し,活性卵の正常性について,形態的観察からも検索した. 卵令20～21時間卵の場合,高い活性率を得るためのヒアルロニダーゼ(100mits/ml)処理条件と低張処理条件は,それぞれ90分と3/5Mまたは,3.5/5Mを組み合わせた場合であり,低張処理において,等張液から低張媒液へ除々にでなく直ちに卵を処理することが必要であった. 卵令25～26時間卵の活性条件は,ヒアルロニダーゼ90分処理のみで,活性化し,低張処理を必要としなかった. 一方,卵令16時間卵は,ヒァルロニダーゼ処理90分,低張処理3/5Mあるいは3.5/5Mの活性条件では,活性卵は得られず,さらに,ヒァルロニダーゼ処理120分,低張処理3/5Mと活性刺激を強めてもほとんど活性卵は得られなかった. これらのことより,卵令に伴う第2次成熟分裂紡錘糸の変化(軸転そして卵中央部への移動)が,卵の活性化に影響を及ぼしていることが推察された. どの処理条件においても,得られた活性卵の発育型は,ほとんど“第2極体十1前核”であり,それらは,半数体と推定された. 次に,これらの活性卵の発育性を体外培養で観察した結果,それらの40～60%が第1分割分裂期を経て,受精卵の場合とほぼ同じ時間経過で2-cellへ発育した. しかし,2-cell以後の発育は,ほとんど観察されなかった。
Towards CEP stable sub two cycle IR pulse compression with bulk material (2010)

We demonstrate both experimentally and numerically that self-steepening during propagation in a hollow-fiber followed by linear propagation through glass in the anomalous dispersion enables pulse compression down to 1.9 cycles at 1.8 μm wavelength.
The first human stereotaxic apparatus (1983)

The first human stereotaxic apparatus was probably built in London, England, around 1918 to the specifications of Aubrey Mussen, a neuroanatomist and neurophysiologist who had worked with Clarke. The recent acquisition by the Montreal Neurological Institute of Mussen's original apparatus prompts this report on the salient points of his career, and summary of his early contributions to stereotaxy.
Direct self-control (DSC) of inverter fed induktion machine (1987)

The new "Direct Self-Control" (DSC) is a simple method of signal processing, which gives converter fed three-phase machines an excellent dynamic performance. To control the torque e.g. of an induction motor it is sufficient to process the measured signals of the stator currents and the total flux linkages only. Optimal performance of drive systems is accomplished in steady state as well as under transient conditions by combination of several two limits controls. The expenses are less than in the case of proposed predictive control systems or FAM, if the converters switching frequency has to be kept minimal.
Analysis of deformable image registration accuracy using computational modeling (2010)

Computer aided modeling of anatomic deformation, allowing various techniques and protocols in radiation therapy to be systematically verified and studied, has become increasingly attractive. In this study the potential issues in deformable image registration (DIR) were analyzed based on two numerical phantoms: One, a synthesized, low intensity gradient prostate image, and the other a lung patient's CT image data set. Each phantom was modeled with region-specific material parameters with its deformation solved using a finite element method. The resultant displacements were used to construct a benchmark to quantify the displacement errors of the Demons and B-Spline-based registrations. The results show that the accuracy of these registration algorithms depends on the chosen parameters, the selection of which is closely associated with the intensity gradients of the underlying images. For the Demons algorithm, both single resolution (SR) and multiresolution (MR) registrations required approximately 300 iterations to reach an accuracy of 1.4 mm mean error in the lung patient's CT image (and 0.7 mm mean error averaged in the lung only). For the low gradient prostate phantom, these algorithms (both SR and MR) required at least 1600 iterations to reduce their mean errors to 2 mm. For the B-Spline algorithms, best performance (mean errors of 1.9 mm for SR and 1.6 mm for MR, respectively) on the low gradient prostate was achieved using five grid nodes in each direction. Adding more grid nodes resulted in larger errors. For the lung patient's CT data set, the B-Spline registrations required ten grid nodes in each direction for highest accuracy (1.4 mm for SR and 1.5 mm for MR). The numbers of iterations or grid nodes required for optimal registrations depended on the intensity gradients of the underlying images. In summary, the performance of the Demons and B-Spline registrations have been quantitatively evaluated using numerical phantoms. The results show that parameter selection for optimal accuracy is closely related to the intensity gradients of the underlying images. Also, the result that the DIR algorithms produce much lower errors in heterogeneous lung regions relative to homogeneous (low intensity gradient) regions, suggests that feature-based evaluation of deformable image registration accuracy must be viewed cautiously.
Fcγ receptors are required for NF-κB signaling, microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an AAV-synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease (2010)

Overexpression of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN), a protein which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), triggers microglial activation and adaptive immune responses, and leads to neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We hypothesized a link between the humoral adaptive immune response and microglial activation in α-SYN induced neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we employed adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) to selectively over-express human α-SYN in the substantia nigra (SN) of wild-type mice and FcγR-/- mice, which lack high-affinity receptors for IgG. We found that in wild-type mice, α-SYN induced the expression of NF-κB p65 and pro-inflammatory molecules. In FcγR-/- mice, NF-κB activation was blocked and pro-inflammatory signaling was reduced. Microglial activation was examined using immunohistochemistry for gp91PHOX. At four weeks, microglia were strongly activated in wild-type mice, while microglial activation was attenuated in FcγR-/- mice. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration was examined using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and unbiased stereology. α-SYN overexpression led to the appearance of dysmorphic neurites, and a loss of DA neurons in the SN in wild-type animals, while FcγR-/- mice did not exhibit neuritic change and were protected from α-SYN-induced neurodegeneration 24 weeks after injection. Our results suggest that the humoral adaptive immune response triggered by excess α-SYN plays a causative role in microglial activation through IgG-FcγR interaction. This involves NF-κB signaling, and leads to DA neurodegeneration. Therefore, blocking either FcγR signaling or specific intracellular signal transduction events downstream of FcγR-IgG interaction, such as NF-κB activation, may be viable therapeutic strategies in PD.
Computer-aided concurrent engineering in refrigeration system design (1990)

Computer-Aided Concurrent Engineering Design (CACED) is an emerging field which stems from the realization that a holistic design approach, simultaneously considering all requirements, will result in systems that can be fielded quickly, and at the lowest practical lifetime cost. The philosophy inherent to CACED is that in a multi-faceted design arena, requirements such as cost, performance, reliability, producability, size and supportability will conflict. Traditionally, designs are established then "audited" for compliance with various requirements. Subsequent "corrections" might then create new problems, but they certainly would slow the process and probably result in a less than optimum solution from the overall, long-term view. To concurrently (or simultaneously) consider numerous interdependent design issues, in order to optimize within constraints, requires an application-specific model and considerable computing power. The thrust of CACED is to develop appropriate models that allow designers to quickly establish and judge alternatives, simultaneously evaluating the compromises between often conflicting requirements. Computer hardware is readily available to perform design evaluation tasks--the challenge lies in establishing appropriate equations and a framework in which they are to be effectively used. This report explains CACED structure, illustrates a practical application to refrigeration system design, and suggests areas of further study.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Heavy-Oil Recovery by Electrical Heating (2008)

Abstract Electrical heating for heavy-oil recovery is not a new idea but commercialization and wider application of this technique require detailed analyses for determination of optimal application conditions. In this study, applicability of electrical heating for heavy-oil recovery from two heavy-oil fields in Turkey (Bati Raman and Camurlu) was tested experimentally and numerically. The physical and chemical properties of the oil samples for the two fields were compiled and measured. Then, core samples were exposed to electrical heating and oil recovery performances by the retort technique were determined for different conditions. Experiments with and without using iron powder were analyzed and in-situ viscosity reduction during the heating process was determined through a history matching process using the simulation of the laboratory experiments. Experimentally obtained oil recovery and temperature distributions were used in this history matching exercise. Iron powder addition to oil samples causes a decrease in the polar components of oil and the viscosity of oil can strongly be influenced by the magnetic fields created by iron powders. Therefore, three different iron powder types at three different doses were tested to observe their impact on oil recovery. Experimental observations showed that viscosity reductions were accomplished as 88% and 63% for Bati Raman and Camurlu crude oils, respectively, after 0.5% Fe addition, which was determined as the optimum type and dose for both crude oil samples. Different parameters (thermal diffusion coefficients, oil viscosity, and relative permeabilities) that are needed in numerical modeling as data were determined through experimentally validated numerical modeling study. Furthermore, field scale recovery was tested numerically using the parameters obtained from laboratory scale experimental and numerical modeling results. The power of the system, operation period and the number of heaters were optimized. Economic evaluation done using the field scale numerical modeling study showed that the production of one barrel petroleum costs about 5 USD and at the end of 70 days, 320 barrels petroleum can be produced. When 0.5% Fe is added, oil production increased to 440 barrels for the same operational time period.
Implementation of data driven control system of DC motor by using system identification process (2018)

This paper presents data driven control system of DC motor by using system identification process. In this paper we use component base modeling similar to real DC motor by using simscape electronic systems for obtaining the input voltage and output speed of DC motor, the system identification toolbox and the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) neural network for identification and obtaining the model of an object. The object model and training the neural network for data driven control system are developed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. So, simulation results of this paper present the advantage of the suggested control method and the acceptable accuracy with respect to dynamic characteristics of the system.
Is Prowse's Rectum a Grave?: Jouissance, Reparative Transnationalism and Patrick White's The Twyborn Affair (2016)

This paper argues that the depiction of the character Don Prowse in Patrick White’s The Twyborn Affair offers itself as a space of libidinal investment, and in doing so offers readers of this text an opportunity to re-engage with Australia’s nationalist literary tradition. The hyper-masculine Prowse stands as an emblem of Australia’s cultural heritage, as a link to the ubiquitous bushman of the ubiquitous 1890s. But what does it mean when this character, and by extension this literary tradition, are overtly sexualised, when they become desired and objectified by a desiring reader? \nWithout erasing the prevalent misogyny and homophobia that attend Australia’s literary past, this paper nevertheless seeks to inaugurate a reparative reading of this past, a reading which disavows a hermeneutics of suspicion in favour of a reparative position which takes jouissance as a potential expression of attachment, desire, even love. Utilising the psychoanalytic frameworks of Eve Sedgwick and Leo Bersani, this paper articulates a new rhetoric of belonging and explores the ramifications of a queer theoretical standpoint in reanimating the relations between self, text, the nation state and the globe.
Repeated Patterns of Distributed Synchrony in Neuronal Assemblies (1997)

Models of brain function predict that the recurrence of a process or state will be reflected in repeated patterns of correlated activity. Previous work on medullary raphe assembly dynamics revealed transient changes in impulse synchrony. This study tested the hypothesis that these variations in synchrony include distributed nonrandom patterns of association. Spike trains were recorded simultaneously in the ventrolateral medulla, n. raphe obscurus, and n. raphe magnus of four anesthetized (Dial), vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated adult cats. The "gravitational" representation of spike trains was used to detect moments of impulse synchrony in neuronal assemblies visualized as variations in the aggregation velocities of particles corresponding to each neuron. Template matching algorithms were developed to identify excessively repeating patterns of particle condensation rates. Repeating patterns were detected in each animal. The reiterated patterns represented an emergent property not apparent in either corresponding firing rate histograms or conventional gravity representations. Overlapping subsets of neurons represented in different patterns were unmasked when the template resolution was changed. The results demonstrate repeated transient network configurations defined by the tightness and duration of synchrony in different combinations of neurons and suggest that multiple information streams are conveyed concurrently by fluctuations in the synchrony of on-going activity.
Freedom is a drug : living with diabetes (2015)

Walking into my kitchen to do one of the billion chores it seems I have to do every day of my life, I was stopped short by the emotion that overtook me when I noticed what was on the counter. Used test strips. Three of them. Not in the trash; not put away. Now before you think I'm a neat freak, consider this: the surge of emotion I felt was pure, undiluted joy. Because the test strips littering my granite countertop were evidence of the most beautiful kind I could ever imagine. They were evidence that my daughter was checking her blood sugar.
Prussian blue analogues: a new class of anode materials for lithium ion batteries (2014)

Herein, we demonstrate that nanoparticles of cobalt hexacyanocobaltate and manganese hexacyanocobaltate, typical Prussian blue analogues with the chemical formula M<sub>3</sub><sup>II</sup>[Co<sup>III</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·<italic>n</italic>H<sub>2</sub>O (M = Co, Mn), can be operated as novel battery anodes in an organic liquid-carbonate electrolyte.
Mechanical Evaluation of a New Sand Control Screen for SAGD Applications (2008)

Abstract Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wells typically require the deployment of an open hole completion combining sand control with adequate mechanical strength to withstand: 1) aggressive installation loads—compression, torque, bending—that are characteristic of shallow horizontal wells, and 2) severe operational loads—tension, compression, collapse, burst—caused by a combination of high temperature steam injection and formation collapse around the completion. Historically, slotted liners have been used in Western Canada, primarily because of low cost relative to wire-wrapped screen (WWS) or premium mesh screens. However, slotting base pipe can significantly weaken its mechanical strength, particularly in torsion and collapse, and the slot width can change as the liner deforms under certain load conditions. Reported incidents of mechanical failure and loss of sand control of slotted liners in SAGD wells have generated interest among operators to investigate alternative technologies. A new sand screen has been developed that involves flush-mounting and securing 25.4 mm diameter fusion bonded metal laminate (FBML) cartridges/discs directly into the base pipe wall. The open flow area of the screen, which can be as high as 20% (versus 2.5% for slotted liner), is dictated by the number of inserted discs (holes) per foot. For an equivalent open flow area, drilling holes in the base pipe is less detrimental to the mechanical strength of the liner than cutting slots. This new geometry results in a sand screen that is cost competitive to slotted liner on a same-open-flow-area basis, significantly stronger, and comparable to a premium mesh screen in terms of sand retention performance. To independently quantify the mechanical strength and integrity of this new screen for SAGD, an extensive Finite Element Analysis study was performed on 177.8 mm (7"), 38.7 kg/m (26 lb/ft), L80 base pipe for two different hole densities and various single loads, combined loads and thermal cycling. The results, as presented herein, demonstrate that inserting FBML discs into base pipes does not significantly weaken it compared to cutting slots. A stand alone screen (SAS) with almost four times the open flow area of a slotted liner has significantly more torsion and collapse strengths.
<scp>d</scp> -MANNITOL, ERYTHRITOL AND GLYCEROL IN BOVINE SEMEN (1967)

Summary. An investigation into the distribution of freely occurring polyhydric alcohols in normal bovine semen has revealed the presence of three previously unreported constituents, namely d-mannitol (17 mg/100 ml), erythritol (6·9 mg/100 ml) and glycerol (circa 2 mg/100 ml). These three polyols, together with inositol and sorbitol were characterized by the preparation of suitable derivatives. Where applicable, the physical constants of the crystalline materials and of their derivatives were determined.