gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous rf field delay line probe for pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (1977)

The analysis of delay line coils for use in pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, as carried out by Lowe and Engelsberg, is extended to include magnetic coupling between coil sections. The predicted cutoff frequency for the delay line is found to be considerably extended, and this is experimentally verified. The rf magnetic field distribution is theoretically analyzed for the case of a wide flat coil. The conclusion is that the field should be relatively homogeneous as long as the coil thickness is much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave traveling down the coil axis. Several different flat coil designs using distributed capacitance are then described, along with operating characteristics of constructed models. The most successful model had a time delay of 20 nsec and a measured inhomogeneity of 4% at 60 MHz.
A Modulation Circuit for Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Communications (2006)

This paper presented a novel transmitter structure for IR-UWB communications. The structure modulates information after the extremely short pulses being produced, decreasing the transmitted pulse position jitter and enabling the high performance of the whole system. A simple RF pulse modulation circuit was devised for the new structure, which is easily to be implemented. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new structure can achieve high-speed modulation like PPM and BPSK. We further implemented BPSK at a rate of 100Mbps with discrete devices.
Design and Synthesis of Oriented Guest-Host Nanostructures for Enhanced Membrane Performances (2005)

This project has demonstrated a novel nanomaterial design concept and a synthesis method for ''guesthost'' type superionic-conducting nanocomposite membranes. This concept consists of nanophases of oxide electrolyte nanograins (guest) encapsulated inside the nanopore channels of an oxide layer matrix (host), with channels oriented perpendicular to the layer surface. Using ionic conducting YSZ (yttrium stabilized zirconia) as a special case, we have shown that the host-guest design allows orientation of a large number channels, allowing a high density of nanograin boundaries/interfaces to be built into the film to enhance cross-membrane conductivity. This structure allowed conductivity measurements with impedance spectroscopy to be performed for the first time at room temperature. Cross-membrane conductivity values at low temperature ranges of interest are the higher than any reported values. The conductivity-enhancing mechanisms could be attributed to (1) controlled orientation and increased number density of YSZ nanograin-host interfaces and (2) creation and stabilization of YSZ nanocrystalline phases inside nanopore channels (<10 nm dia.). This successful initial demonstration of host-guest nanostructures is expected to have direct impact on fuel cell technologies, and may also have beneficial use in a broad range of applications such as in solar cells, sensors, chemical/gas separations, catalysis, and magnetic memory devices. This work may also lead to a new way to develop membrane technologies that offer orders-of-magnitude higher permeability and selectivity, as well as improved thermal stability of the desirable nanocrystalline phases.
A novel cadherin‐like gene from western corn rootworm, <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larval midgut tissue (2007)

A cadherin-like gene associated with larval midgut tissues was cloned from western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: Coleoptera), an economically important agricultural pest in North America and Europe and the primary target pest species for corn hybrids expressing Cry3 toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The full-length cDNA (5371 bp in length) encodes an open reading frame for a 1688 amino acid polypeptide. The putative protein has similar architecture to cadherin-like proteins isolated from lepidopteran midguts that have been shown to bind to Cry1 Bt toxins and have been implicated in Bt resistance. The D. v. virgifera cadherin-like gene is expressed primarily in the larval midgut and regulated during development, with high levels of expression observed in all instars and adults but not pupae. The corresponding genomic sequence spans more than 90 kb and is interspersed with 30 large introns. The genomic organization of the cadherin-like gene for this coleopteran species bears strong resemblance to lepidopteran cadherins suggesting a common molecular basis for susceptibility to Cry3 toxins in Coleoptera.
NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal signals in ATP7B Cu-ATPase mediate its Cu-dependent anterograde traffic in polarized hepatic cells (2005)

Cu is an essential cofactor of cellular proteins but is toxic in its free state. The hepatic Cu-ATPase ATP7B has two functions in Cu homeostasis: it loads Cu+ onto newly synthesized apoceruloplasmin in the secretory pathway, thereby activating the plasma protein; and it participates in the excretion of excess Cu+ into the bile. To carry out these two functions, the membrane protein responds to changes in intracellular Cu levels by cycling between the Golgi and apical region. We used polarized hepatic WIF-B cells and high-resolution confocal microscopy to map the itinerary of endogenous and exogenous ATP7B under different Cu conditions. In Cu-depleted cells, ATP7B resided in a post-trans-Golgi network compartment that also contained syntaxin 6, whereas in Cu-loaded cells, the protein relocated to unique vesicles very near to the apical plasma membrane as well as the membrane itself. To determine the role of ATP7B's cytoplasmic NH2 terminus in regulating its intracellular movements, we generated seven mutations/deletions in this large [approximately 650 amino acid (AA)] domain and analyzed the Cu-dependent behavior of the mutant ATP7B proteins in WIF-B cells. Truncation of the ATP7B NH2 terminus up to the fifth copper-binding domain (CBD5) yielded an active ATPase that was insensitive to cellular Cu levels and constitutively trafficked to the opposite (basolateral) plasma membrane domain. Fusion of the NH2-terminal 63 AA of ATP7B to the truncated protein restored both its Cu responsiveness and correct intracellular targeting. These results indicate that important targeting information is contained in this relatively short sequence, which is absent from the related CuATPase, ATP7A.
A neural network approach to automatic chromosome classification (1993)

Classification of banded metaphase chromosomes is an important step in automated clinical chromosome analysis. We have conducted a preliminary investigation of the application of artificial neural networks to this process, making use of a natural representation of the banding pattern. Two different network architectures have been compared: the Kohonen self-organizing feature map and the multi-layer perception (MLP). For each of these a search of their respective parameter spaces over a limited range has resulted in configurations of modest dimension which achieve creditable classification rates. The MLP in particular shows promise of being a useful classifier. When size and shape features are supplied as inputs to the MLP in addition to a low-resolution banding profile, misclassification rates are obtained which are comparable with those of a well developed statistical classifier.
Potential Use of Plastic Wastes for Low Thermal Conductivity Concrete (2018)

The use of plastics has increased over the years, thus resulting in a large volume of plastic waste being generated and accumulated in the environment. Due to its non-biodegradability and persistence, recycling processes have become one of the sustainable solutions for preventing environmental deterioration. Plastic wastes, including high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were collected from industrial sector and used as additional ingredients to improve concrete properties. Prior to concrete processing, an increase in wettability of plastic fibers using nonionic surfactant, Dehydol LS-12, was investigated. At the optimal concentration of 10 times of the critical micelle concentration (CMC), an interfacial tension and a contact angle were reduced to 31⁻32 mN/m and 65°⁻68°, respectively. Properties of concrete were determined and compared to those of the mortar samples. Porosity was found to increase with higher volume fraction of plastic fibers, whereas decreases in workability, bulk density, thermal conductivity, splitting tensile strength, and compressive strength were encountered. The lowest thermal conductivity was recorded for concrete samples prepared with 30% by volume of LDPE fibers, and the rest in descending order were HDPE, PP, and PET, respectively. Furthermore, the maximal inclusions of plastic fibers were 5% for HDPE and LDPE, 10% for PP, and 50% for PET so as to satisfy the precast concrete wall requirements.
Glowing Tumors Make for Better Detection and Resection (2011)

Tumor-specific fluorescent probes that can be administered topically make tumors glow selectively and thus have great potential for improving cancer detection and removal.
Ventilated Wall Claddings: Review, Field Performance, and Hygrothermal Modeling (2009)

The use of ventilated air spaces behind claddings has been shown to influence the performance of some wall assemblies. Recently completed field and laboratory research has shown that cladding ventilation has the potential to increase drying and reduce wetting from absorptive claddings and sun-driven moisture. The use of one-dimensional hygrothermal simulation software has been well established for a wide range of wall and roof assemblies. However the use of such software has previously had a limited ability to accurately model the physics of enclosures with ventilated claddings. The most recent version of WUFI 4.1 (a widely used hygrothermal simulation package) has added the ability to model enclosure systems that incorporate embedded sources and sinks of moisture and heat. This capability can be used to model source effects such as air and rain leakage within a wall assembly or sinks such as drainage and ventilation. This paper investigates the use of the WUFI “source and sink” approach in a onedimensional model to simulate ventilation and rain leakage behind claddings. The simulation predictions are compared to the field performance of several different wall assemblies. Lessons learned on the use of this new model will be discussed. The impact of such effects as rain water leaks and cladding ventilation rates are also investigated. building science.com
An open-architecture metal powder bed fusion system for in-situ process measurements (2017)

We report the design of a metal powder bed fusion system for in-situ monitoring of the build process during additive manufacture. Its open-architecture design was originally determined to enable access for x-rays to the melt pool, but it also provides access to the build area for a range of other in-situ measurement techniques. The system is sufficiently automated to enable single tracks and high-density, multiple layer components to be built. It is easily transportable to enable measurements at different measurement facilities and its modular design enables straightforward modification for the specific measurements being made. We demonstrate that the system produces components with >99% density. Hence the build conditions are representative to observe process fundamentals and to develop process control strategies.
Saffron (Crocus sativus Kashmirianus) Cultivation in Kashmir: Practices and Problems (2010)

The Kashmir valley is well known for quality saffron and represents one of the major saffron-producing areas of the world, dating back to 750 AD. However, in the last decade production and productivity of this crop has shown a declining trend. This paper highlights the practices followed in saffron cultivation in Kashmir and discusses different factors responsible for the decline in saffron production. It also stresses the need for using quality planting materials, a sprinkler irrigation system, pest and disease control measures and an efficient marketing system for increased profitability. Pressure due to increased urbanization on land on which saffron grows and clandestine saffron smuggling are contributing towards the decline of the saffron industry, and these have also been discussed.
Coaxial p- and n-type carbon nanotube transistors with dopant-selective coatings (2005)

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs) with passivated coaxial gate structures have been fabricated after growth of contacted suspended single wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and subsequent coating with gate dielectrics. Electron Fabry-Perot interferences are observed in the FETs indicating ballistic transport in the coated structures. Reliable production of high-performance SWNT FETs has been obtained by combining patterned growth of SWNT arrays with feed-back controlled electrical breakdown to select desired semiconducting SWNTs, making large-scale SWNT FET fabrication achievable. P-type and n-type passivated SWNT FETs have been realized through dopant-selective nanotube coatings, which enables the fabrication of active circuits based on complementary device structures.
A 0.13 μm CMOS platform with Cu/low-k interconnects for system on chip applications (2002)

We describe an advanced 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology platform optimized for density, performance, low power and analog/mixed signal applications. Up to 8 levels of copper interconnect with the industry's first true low-k dielectric (SiLK, k=2.7) (Goldblatt et al., 2000) result in superior interconnect performance at aggressive pitches. A 2.28 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ SRAM cell is manufactured with high yield by introducing elongated local interconnects on the contact level without increasing process complexity. Trench based embedded DRAM is offered for large area memory. Modular analog devices as well as passive components like resistors, MIM capacitors and intrinsic inductors are integrated.
The effect of keratinocyte growth factor-2 on esophagogastric anastomotic wound healing in rats. (1999)

Keratinocyte growth factor-2 did not enhance esophagogastric anastomotic wound healing in this model. However, the dosage and route of administration of KGF-2 may have been sub-optimal for promotion of anastomotic healing. Further studies with this new growth factor are needed.
Preparation of Various Composite TiO 2 /SiO 2 Ultrafine Particles by Vapor-Phase Hydrolysis (2002)

Ultrafine TiO 2 /SiO 2 composite particles were prepared by vapor-phase simultaneous hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS). The various modes of TiO 2 /SiO 2 composite particles, including both core-shell and mixed-type structures, were prepared according to the methods of reactant mixing. They differed considerably in morphology, size, chemical composition, and crystal structure evolution by heat treatment. In a mixed-type composite of TiO 2 and SiO 2 , SiO 2 inhibited both the growth of the particles and the anatase-to-rutile transformation of TiO 2 .
Regulation of Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Body Production (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Consequences of Block Number on the Order−Disorder Transition and Viscoelastic Properties of Linear (AB)<i><sub>n</sub></i> Multiblock Copolymers (2004)

The effect of block number on the order−disorder transition (ODT) and viscoelastic properties were studied for linear (AB)n multiblock copolymers. A series of symmetric poly(styrene-b-isoprene)n multiblocks ((SI)n, n = 1−10) were synthesized by anionic polymerization, and their order−disorder transition temperatures (TODT) were located using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. As n increases, TODT approaches an asymptotic value, consistent with random phase approximation calculations. A systematic difference between the experimental and theoretical results is attributable to the effects of fluctuations, independent of the number of blocks. Addition of up to 20 vol % of a nonselective solvent depresses TODT, independent of n. The interaction parameter at the transition, χODT, decreases with polymer volume fraction φ as χODT ∼ φ-1.3, consistent with previous reports for diblocks (n = 1). In contrast, the viscoelasticity of (AB)n block copolymers depends strongly on block number. A crossover frequency, ωx, demarcating the transition from block/chain- and domain-dominated relaxation, scales as n-7.5, which is much stronger than the molecular weight dependence of the longest relaxation time for entangled homopolymers. Coherent lamellar grains were imaged for quenched and annealed (SI)n, n = 1, 6, and 10, by transmission electron microscopy. Ellipsoidal lamellar grains, with aspect ratios of 2−3, were recorded, independent of block number, but the grain size decreased with increasing n. These results establish the criteria for designing multiblock copolymers based on χ, N, n, and concentration.
Dextrin–Colistin Conjugates as a Model Bioresponsive Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infections (2014)

Polymer therapeutics offer potential benefits in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections; affording targeted delivery of biologically active agents to the site of inflammation, potential decreases in systemic toxicity, and the retention of antimicrobial activity at the target site. As a prototype model, these studies developed and characterized a library of dextrin-colistin conjugates (dextrin molecular weight: 7500-48,000 g/mol) as a means of targeting the delivery of colistin. Optimum colistin release kinetics (following dextrin degradation by physiological concentrations of amylase (100 IU/L)) were observed in conjugates containing low molecular weight (∼7500 g/mol) dextrin with ∼1 mol % succinoylation (∼80% drug release within 48 h, compared to ∼33% from sodium colistin methanesulfonate (CMS, Colomycin)). These conjugates exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity to CMS in conventional MIC assays against a range of Gram-negative pathogens, but with significantly reduced in vitro toxicity toward kidney (IC₅₀ = CMS, 15.4 μg/mL; dextrin-colistin, 63.9 μg/mL) and macrophage (IC₅₀ = CMS, 111.3 μg/mL; dextrin-colistin, 303.9 μg/mL) cells. In vivo dose-escalation studies in rats demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics of the conjugates, with prolonged plasma levels of colistin (t₁/₂ 135-1271 min vs 53 min) and decreased toxicity, compared to colistin sulfate. These studies highlight the potential utility of "nanoantibiotic" polymer therapeutics to aid the safe, effective, and targeted delivery of colistin in the management of MDR infections.
Restoration of images damaged by semi-transparent water blotches using localized image enhancement (2008)

Vast libraries of historic photographs are currently degrading due to the effects of semi-transparent water blotches. Most current restoration techniques involve heavy user interaction and are therefore too expensive to use for large quantities of images. This paper introduces the Localized Logarithmic Image Restoration Algorithm, which provides an automated system to restore the water blotches found in old photographs. The Algorithm utilizes a new localized image processing framework that allows it to improve upon existing restoration methods. This framework can be used for a variety of image processing applications. In the presented application of blotch removal, new logarithmic and statistical equations are introduced and used within the localized framework to complete the restoration. As shown by intensive computer simulations, the Algorithm produces enhanced results when compared to the existing automated algorithm. Improvements include superior edge removal around the blotch, better local contrast preservation, and expanded saturation reduction capabilities. In addition to the enhanced restoration quality of the results, the simulations are also promising with respect to computational time.
Orientation Effects in Rubber Double Networks (1990)

Abstract The utilization of network structure to impart stable orientation to a rubbery material has been largely unexploited to date. It is demonstrated that the presence of a double network will amplify both the modulus and strain crystallizability of an elastomer, presumably without the disadvantages encountered in achieving these through simple increases in crosslink density. The high residual strains obtained via double-network formation are accompanied by surprisingly low levels of birefringence. The extent of molecular orientation necessary to engender high residual strain is evidently quite low, at least in so far as the former is reflected in a bulk macroscopic measurement such as birefringence. This low equilibrium birefringence, along with the absence of any measurable thermal crystallization effects, indicate that double networks are actually not highly oriented. As seen from their higher moduli and higher strain optical coefficients relative to single networks, and from their enhanced strain crystallizability, double networks are evidently very orientable. Investigation of this aspect of the behavior of double networks would likely prove fruitful, not only concerning these materials, but also with regard to obtaining a broader understanding of rubber elasticity. While the enhancement of strain-induced crystallization might suggest that rubbers with double networks will exhibit superior failure properties, this remains to be demonstrated. The crystallization results described herein clearly raise more questions than can presently be answered concerning the behavior of rubbers with double networks.
Regulation of keratinocyte growth factor expression in human endometrium: Implications for hormonal carcinogenesis (1998)

Estrogen is thought to be an important etiologic agent in endometrial and breast cancers. However, the mechanism or mechanisms by which estrogen acts as a hormonal carcinogen are not well understood. We hypothesize that in response to chronic exposure to estrogens, human endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESF) produce factors that facilitate neoplastic transformation in epithelial cells. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the regulation of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) mRNA and protein in ESF by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Short-term treatments with IL-1 but not with DES increased the abundance of KGF mRNA in ESF. However, chronic treatment with DES significantly increased KGF mRNA levels and protein production. KGF protein in medium conditioned by ESF chronically treated with 1 nM DES reached concentrations of approximately 100 ng/mL. At this concentration, KGF increased endometrial epithelial cell numbers fourfold and enhanced anchorage independence tenfold. These results suggest that KGF may play a role in hormonal carcinogenesis by mediating estrogen-induced changes in the interactions between stromal and epithelial cells. To address the potential role of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in regulating KGF expression, we determined the effect of increased expression of its inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, on KGF mRNA and protein levels. Transfection with IkappaBalpha blocked induction of KGF expression by IL-1 but had no effect on the increase in KGF mRNA caused by chronic treatment with DES. These results suggest that IL-1 exerts its effects on KGF by an NF-kappaB-mediated pathway but that chronic treatment with DES stimulates KGF expression by some other mechanism.