gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human peripheral blood leucocyte non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene mouse model of xenogeneic graft-<i>versus</i>-host-like disease and the role of host major histocompatibility complex (2009)

Immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)-severe combined immune-deficient (scid) mice bearing a targeted mutation in the gene encoding the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor gamma chain gene (IL2rgamma(null)) engraft readily with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we report a robust model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host-like disease (GVHD) based on intravenous injection of human PBMC into 2 Gy conditioned NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice. These mice develop xenogeneic GVHD consistently (100%) following injection of as few as 5 x 10(6) PBMC, regardless of the PBMC donor used. As in human disease, the development of xenogeneic GVHD is highly dependent on expression of host major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules and is associated with severely depressed haematopoiesis. Interrupting the tumour necrosis factor-alpha signalling cascade with etanercept, a therapeutic drug in clinical trials for the treatment of human GVHD, delays the onset and progression of disease. This model now provides the opportunity to investigate in vivo mechanisms of xenogeneic GVHD as well as to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents rapidly.
NS11021, a novel opener of large‐conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐activated K<sup>+</sup>channels, enhances erectile responses in rats (2009)

NS11021 leads to relaxation of both intracavernous arteries and corpus cavernosum strips primarily through opening of BK(Ca) channels. It is also effective in facilitating erectile responses in anaesthetized rats. These results suggest a potential for use of BK(Ca) openers in the treatment of ED.
An efficient key distribution scheme for heterogeneous sensor networks (2007)

Key distribution refers to the problem of establishing shared secrets on sensor nodes such that secret symmetric keys for communication privacy, integrity and authenticity can be generated. In a wireless sensor network, pre-distribution of secret keys is possibly the most practical approach to protect network communications but it is difficult due to the ad hoc nature, intermittent connectivity, and resource limitations of the sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a key distribution scheme based on random key pre-distribution for heterogeneous sensor network (HSN) to achieve better performance and security as compared to homogeneous network which suffer from high communication overhead, computation overhead, and/or high storage requirements. In a key generation process, instead of generating a large pool of random keys, a key pool is represented by a small number of generation keys. For a given generation key and publicly known seed value, a one-way hash function generates a key chain, and these key chains collectively make a key pool. Each sensor node is assigned a small number of randomly selected generation keys. The proposed scheme reduces the storage requirements while maintaining the same security strength.
Combining ROS Reduction and Allotopic ATP6 Expression in LS and NARP Patient Neurons to Increase ATP Synthesis (2008)

Because allotopic expression of WT-ATP6 and treatment of T8993G homoplasmic cells with antioxidants both increase ATP synthesis, I propose combining these two approaches into one that employs the AAV vector developed by Manfredi et al. (2002), modified to contain the nuclear encoded mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD) and WT-ATP6 (Geromel et al., 2001). MnSOD is a free-radical scavenging enzyme that has increased expression in T8993G cells (Mattiazzi et al., 2004; Geromel et al., 2001). I believe overexpression of MnSOD in combination with allotopically expressed WT-ATP6 will increase ATP synthesis compared to primary T8993G neurons that allotopically express WT-ATP6 only (Geromel et al., 2001; Mattiazzi et al., 2004; Manfredi et al., 2002). Thus, the combined ATP synthesis increasing effects of replenishing WT-ATP6 and reducing oxidative stress may increase respiratory efficiency enough to prevent neuronal atrophy. . . . I hypothesize that overexpression of MnSOD in combination with allotopic WT-ATP6 expression will significantly increase ATP synthesis compared to only allotopic WT-ATP6 expression in mutant neurons.
ERK2 mediates oxytocin-stimulated PGE<sub>2</sub>synthesis (1998)

Oxytocin (OT) induces PG synthesis by both uterine endometrial and amnion cells. We showed previously that CHO cells stably transfected with the rat oxytocin receptor (CHO-OTR cells) also synthesize PGE2 in response to OT. In the present work we have demonstrated that OTRs are coupled to both Gi and Gq/11, using immunoprecipitation of solubilized OTR complexes and ADP ribosylation. OT treatment caused the rapid phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2 or p42MAPK), which was partially inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX), consistent with OTR-Gi coupling. The PTX-insensitive portion of ERK2 phosphorylation was linked to Gq, as inhibitors of both phospholipase C (U-73122) and protein kinase C (GF-109203X) blocked OT-induced ERK2 phosphorylation. OT-stimulated c-fos expression was also mediated by ERK2 phosphorylation. The ERK-c-fos pathway has been shown to be associated with cell proliferation, but OT had no effect on [3H]thymidine uptake by CHO-OTR cells. However, inhibition of OT-induced ERK2 phosphorylation with an ERK kinase inhibitor (PD-98059) markedly reduced OT-stimulated PGE2 synthesis, pointing to the importance of ERK2 activation in OT action.
Analysis of epitope expression and the functional repertoire of recombinant complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) in mouse and human cells. (1989)

We transfected human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) cDNA containing eukaryotic expression constructs into CR2-negative mouse L cells and human K562 erythroleukemia cells. We subsequently selected stably transformed cells that expressed human CR2, as assessed by flow microfluorimetry analysis and immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled surface membranes using the monoclonal anti-CR2 antibody, HB5. Utilizing flow microfluorimetry analysis, epitopes recognized by anti-CR2 mAb HB5, OKB7, B2, and four other anti-CR2 antibodies were detected on CR2 expressing transfectants but not parental cells. In addition, CR2 expressing transfected cells efficiently formed rosettes with sheep erythrocyte intermediates bearing human C3bi and C3d, but not C4b or C3b, consistent with the known ligand specificity of CR2. CR2 containing transfectants were also demonstrated to specifically bind EBV. Infection with EBV of CR2 expressing L cells and K562 cells resulted in mean expression of Epstein-Barr nuclear Ag (EBNA) at 48 h in 0.35% of CR2 expressing L cells and 3.7% of CR2 expressing K562 cells. Parental L cells and K562 cells did not express EBNA after EBV infection. These results indicate that CR2 alone is sufficient to transfer both C and EBV receptor functions to heterologous cells. In addition, expression of EBNA was found to be significantly higher in human K562 than mouse L cells, both expressing the same recombinant receptor. These results suggest that mechanisms other than CR2 binding lead to inefficient EBV infection and/or EBNA synthesis in mouse fibroblasts.
Maximal Weight Topology Discovery in Ad hoc Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Among many issues to be considered in designing an ad hoc wireless sensor network the key issue that stands out is to employ an efficient weighted topology discovery algorithm based upon certain node parameters. In the paper, we have described an algorithm for weighted topology discovery which uses colors based approach to partition the network in to clusters. Each cluster has a clusterhead. The nodes internal to the cluster can directly communicate with the selected clusterhead. Clusterheads can communicate with other clusterhead directly or through defined forwarding nodes. In sensor network nodes have different characteristics. The proposed algorithm is a weighted clustering approach which takes into account the network and the properties of the sensor nodes. The algorithm defines the topology in two phases. The first phase is Information exchange phase in which the nodes exchange their resources information. In the second phase the clusters in the network are discovered. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the number for reconfigurations and minimize the number of clusterheads which results in near optimal topology for the network. At the end evaluation of the proposed Algorithm performance is done using simulations against already described techniques. Average number of clusterheads, network lifetime and reconfigurations and other factors evaluates the proposed Algorithm in term of its Performance and highlight its significance.
Modeling Deep Temporal Dependencies with Recurrent Grammar Cells (2014)

We propose modeling time series by representing the transformations that take a frame at time t to a frame at time t+1. To this end we show how a bi-linear model of transformations, such as a gated autoencoder, can be turned into a recurrent net-work, by training it to predict future frames from the current one and the inferred transformation using backprop-through-time. We also show how stacking multi-ple layers of gating units in a recurrent pyramid makes it possible to represent the ”syntax ” of complicated time series, and that it can outperform standard recurrent neural networks in terms of prediction accuracy on a variety of tasks. 1
Influence of surface morphology on ordered GaInP structures (1996)

Ga0.51In0.49P layers, grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition on differently misoriented (001) GaAs substrates exhibit CuPtB-type domains. The increase in structural homogeneity of the ordered domains, with increasing substrate misorientation, results in a very sharp distribution of the degree of ordering. The correlation between cathodoluminescence emission from ordered regions and changes in surface step distribution direction confirm the influence of the surface morphology on the distribution of ordered regions and their antiphase boundaries.
Studies in the Pyrazole Series. I. Halogenation of the 1-Guanylpyrazoles<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Pyrazole Series. I. Halogenation of the 1-Guanylpyrazoles1Francis L. Scott and Joseph ReillyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 18, 4562–4566Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01138a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01138a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mycobacterial Recombineering (2008)

Although substantial advances have been made in mycobacterial genetics over the past 15 yr, manipulation of mycobacterial genomes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in particular, continues to be hindered by problems of relatively poor DNA uptake, slow growth rate, and high levels of illegitimate recombination. In Escherichia coli an effective approach to stimulating recombination frequencies has been developed called "recombineering," in which phage-encoded recombination functions are transiently expressed to promote efficient homologous recombination. Although homologs of these recombination proteins are rare among mycobacteriophages, we have identified one phage, Che9c, encoding relatives of both RecE and RecT of the E. coli rac prophage. Expression of the Che9c proteins from an inducible expression system in either slow- or fast-growing mycobacteria provides elevated recombination frequencies and facilitates simple allelic exchange using linear DNA substrates. Mycobacterial recombineering, therefore, offers a simple approach for constructing gene replacement mutants in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis.
Genetics of Soybean-Heterodera glycines Interactions. (1997)

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is one of the most economically important pathogens of soybean. Effective management of the nematode is often dependent on the planting of resistant soybean cultivars. During the past 40 years, more than 60 soybean genotypes and plant introductions (PI) have been reported as resistant to H. glycines. About 130 modern soybean cultivars registered in the United States are resistant to certain races of H. glycines. Several resistance genes have been identified and genetically mapped; however, resistance levels in many soybean cultivars are not durable. Some older cultivars are no longer resistant to certain H. glycines populations in many production areas, especially if a soybean monoculture has been practiced. Past soybean registration reports show that all resistant cultivars developed in public institutions from the mid-1960s to the present have been derived from five PIs. This narrow genetic background is fragile. To further complicate the issue, soybean-H. glycines genetic interactions are complex and poorly understood. Studies to identify soybean resistance genes sometimes have overlapped, and the same genes may have been reported several times and designated by different names. Nevertheless, many potential resistance genes in existing germplasm resources have not yet been characterized. Clearly, it is necessary to identify new resistance genes, develop more precise selection methods, and integrate these resistance genes into new cultivars. Rational deployment of resistant cultivars is critical to future sustained soybean production.
Photopumped operation of dry etched λ=1.5 μm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (2002)

We report on the fabrication of VCSEL mesas for 1.5 /spl mu/m operation. The single lasers were separated by reactive ion etching (RIE) and 12 /spl mu/m high mesas with diameters ranging from 3 to 100 /spl mu/m were formed. The performance of the devices was studied as a function of their size. Photopumped RT-lasing operation of free standing micropost VCSELs was demonstrated, even when using the rather long pulses of a Q-switched YAG laser. The equivalent threshold current density increases with the mesa diameter as a consequence of the difficult heat dissipation in the thin posts. RT operation was achieved with 5 /spl mu/m diameter free standing mesas (80 ps pulses) and 3 /spl mu/m wide regrown mesas (250 ns pulses). The quantum well laser showed a very low threshold power of 360 W/cm/sup 2/ (450 kA/cm/sup 2/). The transverse modes structure was discriminated as TEM/sub 00/, TEM/sub 11/, TEM/sub 20/ and TEM/sub 10/. Typically 4-5 transverse modes were observed on 30-100 /spl mu/m diameter mesas. The threshold increases in the range between -10 and 60 /spl deg/C with a characteristic temperature around 45 K. Several lasers operated up to 80 /spl deg/C.
Targeting polyIC to EGFR over-expressing cells using a dsRNA binding protein domain tethered to EGF (2016)

Selective delivery of drugs to tumor cells can increase potency and reduce toxicity. In this study, we describe a novel recombinant chimeric protein, dsRBEC, which can bind polyIC and deliver it selectively into EGFR over-expressing tumor cells. dsRBEC, comprises the dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD) of human PKR (hPKR), which serves as the polyIC binding moiety, fused to human EGF (hEGF), the targeting moiety. dsRBEC shows high affinity towards EGFR and triggers ligand-induced endocytosis of the receptor, thus leading to the selective internalization of polyIC into EGFR over-expressing tumor cells. The targeted delivery of polyIC by dsRBEC induced cellular apoptosis and the secretion of IFN-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. dsRBEC-delivered polyIC is much more potent than naked polyIC and is expected to reduce the toxicity caused by systemic delivery of polyIC.
Beyond Arabidopsis. Translational Biology Meets Evolutionary Developmental Biology (2004)

Developmental processes shape plant morphologies, which constitute important adaptive traits selected for during evolution. Identifying the genes that act in developmental pathways and determining how they are modified during evolution is the focus of the field of evolutionary developmental biology, or evo-devo. Knowledge of genetic pathways in the plant model Arabidopsis serves as the starting point for investigating how the toolkit of developmental pathways has been used and reused to form different plant body plans. One productive approach is to identify genes in other species that are orthologous to genes known to control developmental pathways in Arabidopsis and then determine what changes have occurred in the protein coding sequence or in the gene's expression to produce an altered morphology. A second approach relies on natural variation among wild populations or crop plants. Natural variation can be exploited to identify quantitative trait loci that underlie important developmental traits and, thus, define those genes that are responsible for adaptive changes. The possibility of applying comparative genomics approaches to Arabidopsis and related species promises profound new insights into the interplay of evolution and development.
Die postoperativen Veränderungen am Tracheobronchialbaum, am Zwerchfell und am Thorax nach lungenchirurgischen Eingriffen, beobachtet am Veratmungs-Röntgennativbild (1956)

Wir haben an Hand von 23 lungenoperierten Patienten zu klären versucht, inwieweit sich das Grundleiden, die Operationsart und deren Seitenlokalisation, die post-operative Zeitspanne der Nachuntersuchung usw. sich auf den Tracheobronchialbaum, das Zwerchfell und den Thorax auswirken und welche Unterschiede sich zeigen.
Effect of bile duct ligation on bile acid metabolism in rats. (1981)

The effect of bile duct ligation on the quantitative and qualitative changes of bile acids in serum, liver, urine, and feces, and the concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in serum and liver were examined in male rats. The concentration of bile acids in serum increased over 100-fold on day 5 but was lower than the 5-day level on days 10 and 15. The concentration in the liver also increased about 10-fold. beta-Muricholic acid predominantly increased but the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, decreased. The urinary excretion of bile acids increased to about 40 mg/day per rat on the first day of bile duct ligation but this increase was reduced on day 2 to about half and remained at that level until day 24. These values exceeded that of fecal bile acids, 12 mg/day per rat, before bile duct ligation. The amount of bile acid sulfates in the urine was as low as 1% of the total. The urinary non-sulfated bile acids consisted mainly of beta-muricholic acid (60%) and cholic acid (20%), while the sulfates contained a considerable amount of unidentified acidic substances (40%) in addition to cholic acid and beta-muricholic acid. The concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in serum markedly increased on day 5 but declined gradually thereafter. The liver cholesterol concentration did not change but the phospholipid concentration decreased. Fecal sterols did not change in both the total amount and composition. These data indicated that daily synthesis of bile acids, especially beta-muricholic acid, was accelerated in bile duct-ligated rats.
Quest for speed (1985)

This article examines human power, the minimisation of motive power, stability and control, and also the synthesis and detailed design of a human powered vehicle for a world record attempt.
Homelessness in the UK: A strategic response from local government? (2004)

Since the late 1970s, UK local authorities have had a lead role in responding to homelessness, but approaches to tackling homelessness have not been static over the subsequent years. Policy, legislation and practice have benefited from evaluative research and political debate. Following the most recent major review, the UK's homelessness legislation has been further strengthened and local authorities are now charged with developing strategic, co-ordinated responses to homelessness within their areas, in partnership with other relevant agencies. A key component of the strategic approach is that it should be multi-dimensional, embracing both accommodation and appropriate support services (e.g. independent living, social care and health services). Arguably, the new strategic approach has the capacity to re-orientate UK homelessness interventions from an essentially responsive mode to a primarily preventative mode.
Analysis of multimedia workloads with implications for internet streaming (2005)

In this paper, we study the media workload collected from a large number of commercial Web sites hosted by a major ISP and that collected from a large group of home users connected to the Internet via a well-known cable company. Some of our key findings are: (1) Surprisingly, the majority of media contents are still delivered via downloading from Web servers. (2) A substantial percentage of media downloading connections are aborted before completion due to the long waiting time. (3) A hybrid approach, pseudo streaming, is used by clients to imitate real streaming. (4) The mismatch between the downloading rate and the client playback speed in pseudo streaming is common, which either causes frequent playback delays to the clients, or unnecessary traffic to the Internet. (5) Compared with streaming, downloading and pseudo streaming are neither bandwidth efficient nor performance effective. To address this problem, we propose the design of AutoStream, an innovative system that can provide additional previewing and streaming services automatically for media objects hosted on standard Web sites in server farms at the client's will.
Effect of passive cardiac containment on ventricular synchrony and cardiac function in awake dogs (2006)

LVSD therapy provided only minimal improvement in ventricular synchrony and partially improved hemodynamics. Further study into mechanisms of benefit are warranted.