gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet-based processing of ECT images for inspection of printed circuit board (2001)

This paper presents a wavelet-based image processing technique, which analyzes eddy-current testing (ECT) images derived by scanning printed circuit boards (PCB's) with an ECT probe and automatically detects the existence and location of the defect. First, the undesired components contained in probe output are removed through two types of wavelet filtering. Then the comparison of two images obtained from reference and tested PCB's are carried out to extract the signal due to the defect. In this paper, one-dimensional (1-D) wavelet is used only in the horizontal direction considering that the scanning of the probe is along that direction. In addition, the square norm of difference between original and processed signal is proposed as a criterion to keep the waveform of the defect peak as possible. The application examples of sample PCB's reveal the effectiveness and problems of the given approach.
Native sulfur deposition in the Castile Formation, Culberson County, Texas (1970)

Permian, sulfur-calcite and associated anhydrite, petroleum migration, bacterial reduction of anhydrite
Global annotation on georeferenced photographs (2009)

We present an efficient world-scale system for providing automatic annotation on collections of geo-referenced photos. As a user uploads a photograph a place of origin is estimated from visual features which the user can refine. Once the correct location is provided, tags are suggested based on geographic and image similarity retrieved from a large database of 1.2 million images crawled from Flickr. The system effectively mines geographically relevant terms and ranks potential suggestion terms by their posterior probability given observed visual and geocoordinate features. A series of experiments analyzes the geocoordinate prediction accuracy and precision-recall metric of tags suggestions based on information retrieval techniques. The system is novel in that it fuses geographic and visual information to provide annotations for uploaded photographs taken anywhere in the world in a matter of seconds.
A high frequency resolution Digitally-Controlled Oscillator using single-period switching scheme (2011)

This paper proposes a high frequency resolution Digitally-Controlled Oscillator (DCO) using single-period control bit switching scheme. The proposed scheme controls the tuning word of DCO in a single period for the fine frequency tuning. The LC type DCO is implemented to realize the proposed scheme, and is fabricated using a standard 65nm CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the implemented DCO improves the frequency resolution from 0.63MHz to 0.27MHz without phase noise degradation with an additional area of 200μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
PP.30.31 (2015)

Objective: To evaluate dose-response relationship between salt intake and blood pressure. Design and method: Controlled trial with workers from university. The inclusion criteria: age between 20 and 60 years, both genders, main meal at home (at least fourfold a week). Individuals with blood pressure (BP) over 160/100 mmHg, diabetes and history of chronic renal disease or atherosclerosis were excluded. Trial was approved by Ethics Committee. Recruitment occurred at workplace using questionnaire and BP measurements. According to Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines participants were classified: normotensive (< 130/85 mmHg), high-normal BP (130–139/85–89 mmHg), hypertensive (> 140–159/90–99 mmHg) or controlled BP with less than two drugs. Participants were followed by 14 months, visits/ 4 weeks. They were instructed about reducing the intake of food with high levels of sodium, and received salt addition to the daily family consumption in quantities that were modified every 4 weeks (6 g, 5 g and 4 g). At each visit packages were returned for checking adhesion, as well as 24 h urinary sodium excretion were obtained. Results: Eighty patients were selected: 33 normotensive, 16 high-normal BP and 31 hypertensive. Salt intake and salt addition to the food were similar between groups. Average systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) between the groups were different during all the visits (P < 0.05 - ANOVA), excepted among high-normal BP and hypertensive participants with similar SBP and DBP. SBP reduced 6mmHg (P < 0.05) in the high-normal BP group in the first 4 weeks, but this was not sustained at the end of the study. Mean urinary sodium excretion was 149.5 mEq/24 h (±65.6) at randomization and 155.9 mEq/24 h (±66.4) at the final visit for all groups. There was no correlation between urinary sodium excretion and BP between the groups. Average daily intake of salt addition was 3.3 g (±1.1) in the beginning and 1.8 (±0.5) in the final visit. There was no correlation between the different daily doses of provided salt and BP in any group (Pearson). Conclusions: Salt intake was higher than the recommended; the intervention only with the salt addition was not enough to reduce sodium intake. Intervention on sodium intake should include educational guidance.
Niobium Superconducting Diffusion-Cooled Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers Above 1 THz (1996)

Superconducting hot-electron bolometers are a promising option for low noise heterodyne detector systems at frequencies above 1THz. More...
Separation and Properties of a Red Cell Sensitizing Substance from Streptococci (1966)

Moskowitz, Merwin (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.). Separation and properties of a red cell sensitizing substance from streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 91:2200-2204. 1966.-An antigen that binds onto red cells and causes them to be agglutinated by antiserum was separated from streptococci. Various procedures to extract the antigen from streptococci were investigated, and the greatest amount of antigen was obtained by extraction of cells with a phenol-water mixture. The reaction of the antigen with red cells was shown to be reversible by use of the Ashby mixed agglutination technique. The antigen also combines with a number of different tissues, and it was demonstrated that the antigen could be transferred from red cells to tissues and vice versa. An hypothesis is presented on the basis of these findings which suggests a possible role for this antigen in the etiology of rheumatic fever.
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) Gene Mutations Predict Poor Outcome in Adults with Cytogenetically Normal (CN) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Study. (2007)

Abstract The WT1 gene on chromosome 11p13 encodes a zinc-finger protein regulating gene transcription. A recent study conducted on 70 CN-AML patients (pts) found that 7 (10%) harbored WT1 mutations (WT1mut) and suggested that WT1mut are associated with failure to achieve complete remission (CR) (Summers et al., Leukemia2007;21:550). However, the prognostic impact of WT1mut remains to be elucidated in a larger set of homogeneously treated adults with de novo CN-AML and in the context of established prognostic molecular markers. We studied the prevalence and prognostic impact of WT1mut in 196 younger [&lt;60 years (yrs)] adults with de novo CN-AML who were intensively treated on frontline CALGB protocols incorporating autologous stem cell transplantation for consolidation, i.e. 9621 or 19808. The median follow-up for pts alive was 4.2 yrs (range, 1.2–8.9 yrs). Diagnostic bone marrow and/or blood specimens were studied for WT1mut by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA direct sequencing. The samples were also analyzed for FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, MLL-PTD, NPM1 and CEBPA mutations, and ERG and BAALC expression levels. Twenty-one (11%) of the 196 pts had WT1mut [15 had WT1mut in exon 7 (WT1mut7), 5 WT1mut in exon 9 (WT1mut9) and 1 WT1mut in both exons]. WT1mut7 were frameshift or nonsense mutations predicted to result in a truncated WT1 protein; WT1mut9 were missense mutations leading to single amino-acid substitutions. At diagnosis, WT1mut pts had higher white blood cell counts (WBC; P=0.01), more frequently harbored FLT3-ITD (P=0.06) and were more often high ERG (P=0.01) and high BAALC (P=0.006) expressers than unmutated WT1 (WT1wt) pts. While CR rates were not significantly different between WT1mut and WT1wt pts (76% vs 84%, P=0.36), WT1mut pts had worse disease-free survival [(DFS); P&lt;0.001; 3-yr DFS rates, 13% vs 50%; Figure A] and worse overall survival [(OS); P&lt;0.001; 3-yr OS rates, 10% vs 56%; Figure B] than WT1wt pts. In a multivariable analysis, WT1mut independently predicted worse DFS (P=0.009) when controlling for CEBPA (CEBPAmut vs CEBPAwt, P=0.005) and FLT3-ITD/NPM1 risk status (FLT3-ITD-negative and NPM1mut vs all other combinations of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status, P&lt;0.001). The risk of relapse was 2.9 times higher for WT1mut pts than for WT1wt pts (95% CI: 1.3–6.3). WT1mut also independently predicted worse OS (P&lt;0.001), and conferred a 3.6 times higher risk of death compared with WT1wt pts (95% CI: 1.8–7.2), when controlling for CEBPA (P=0.02), FLT3-ITD/NPM1 risk status (P&lt;0.001), and WBC (P=0.01). In conclusion, we show here for the first time, in a relatively large set of intensively treated younger CN-AML pts, that WT1mut independently predicts very poor outcome. We propose that in future trials, WT1mut analysis should be considered for molecularly-based risk assessment and risk-adapted treatment stratification of CN-AML pts. Figure Figure
Nanoparticle DNA Carrier with Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine) Grafted Polysaccharide Copolymer and Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid) (1997)

Biodegradable nanoparticles, which contain the sites for both polynucleotide adsorption and targeting ligand on their surfaces, were prepared as a novel carrier for genetic materials. The nanoparticles were obtained from poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(L-lysine)-graft-polysaccharide copolymers by using either a solvent evaporation method or a diafiltration method. The size of the particles prepared by the diafiltration method was controlled by varying the initial concentration of the graft copolymer. Nanoparticles as small as 60 nm in diameter were successfully obtained from the graft copolymers with high polysaccharide contents but not from the poly(L-lysine) homopolymer. Polysaccharide moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles were found to interact specifically with a particular lectin as verified by the aggregation assay. The polynucleotide adsorption capacity of the nanoparticles was increased with increasing polysaccharide contents in the graft copolymers, suggesting that the adsorption conformation of poly(L-lysine) moiety in the graft copolymer on the nanoparticle surface is different from that in poly(L-lysine) homopolymer. Moreover, the nanoparticles from the graft copolymer exhibited resistance against self-aggregation and nonspecific adsorption of serum proteins, presumably due to the polymer brush effect and/or exclusion effect from the polysaccharide graft chains. These results suggest that the nanoparticles prepared from poly(L-lysine)-graft-polysaccharide copolymer and poly(D,L-lactic acid) can serve as a good DNA carrier in vivo.
Isochorismate‐based salicylic acid biosynthesis confers basal resistance to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> in barley (2018)

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in signal transduction and disease resistance. In Arabidopsis, SA can be made by either of two biosynthetic branches, one involving isochorismate synthase (ICS) and the other involving phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). However, the biosynthetic pathway and the importance of SA remain largely unknown in Triticeae. Here, we cloned one ICS and seven PAL genes from barley, and studied their functions by their overexpression and suppression in that plant. Suppression of the ICS gene significantly delayed plant growth, whereas PAL genes, both overexpressed and suppressed, had no significant effect on plant growth. Similarly, suppression of ICS compromised plant resistance to Fusarium graminearum, whereas similar suppression of PAL genes had no significant effect. We then focused on transgenic plants with ICS. In a leaf-based test with F. graminearum, transgenic plants with an up-regulated ICS were comparable with wild-type control plants. By contrast, transgenic plants with a suppressed ICS lost the ability to accumulate SA during pathogen infection and were also more susceptible to Fusarium than the wild-type controls. This suggests that ICS plays a unique role in SA biosynthesis in barley, which, in turn, confers a basal resistance to F. graminearum by modulating the accumulation of H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> , O2- and reactive oxygen-associated enzymatic activities. Although SA mediates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in dicots, there was no comparable SAR response to F. graminearum in barley. This study expands our knowledge about SA biosynthesis in barley and proves that SA confers basal resistance to fungal pathogens.
An Extended Permission-Based Delegation Authorization Model (2008)

The characteristics of delegation are analyzed and defined in this paper, including time, totality, level, multi-delegation, agreement and revocation. Based on RBAC, an extended role and permission-based delegation model is redefined by separating delegate roles from original roles. Security administrators (SAs) and ordinary users have different functions and duties in the authorization and delegation. SAs only participate in the original authorization work, but ordinary users can engage in role assignment more actively. They can reassign permissions to roles. As a result the extended role and permission-based delegation model hold more flexibility in the complex application environment. The temporal constraints of delegation also imply the complexity of delegation revocation.
Efficacy, rate and timing of applications of abscisic acid to enhance fruit anthocyanin contents in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes (2011)

SummaryExperiments were conducted with abscisic acid (ABA) in order to enhance fruit anthocyanin contents in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. To identify the most effective rates and timing of ABA application, grape clusters on mature vines were sprayed with 150 – 1,200 mg l–1 ABA at various stages of berry softening (BS) and berry colouring (BC) between 2005 – 2009. In addition, in 2007, ABA was applied at 600 mg l–1 to leaves alone, or to only one grape cluster per shoot, while the other grape cluster on the same shoot was left untreated. ABA at 300 – 600 mg l–1 significantly enhanced fruit anthocyanin contents by approx. 20 – 85% in each of the years examined. The application of ABA at 300 – 600 mg l–1 at between 80% BC (BC80) and 10 d after 100% BC (BC100) was more effective than earlier applications. Double applications of ABA, once at BC80 plus an earlier application, did not result in any increase in fruit anthocyanin contents compared to a single application at BC80. When applied only to leaves, or to the adjacent grape cluster, ABA at 600 mg l–1 did not affect the anthocyanin contents of the untreated grape clusters. Shoot numbers, cluster numbers, mean fruit cluster weights, fruit yield, and pruning weight were not affected by ABA applications at any rate or timing. Berry fresh weight, total soluble solids contents, pH, and titratable acidity were only marginally influenced by the ABA treatments. This study demonstrated the potential of ABA to enhance the anthocyanin contents of grapes when applied directly to the berries, while having little or no influence on overall grapevine performance.
Physics for scientists & engineers with modern physics (1990)

1. Introduction, Measurement, Estimating. 2. Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension. 3. Kinematics in Two Dimensions Vectors. 4. Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion. 5. Further Applications of Newton's Laws. 6. Gravitation and Newton's Synthesis. 7. Work and Energy. 8. Conservation of Energy. 9. Linear Momentum and Collisions. 10. Rotational Motion About a Fixed Axis. 11. General Rotation. 12. Static Equilibrium Elasticity and Fracture. 13. Fluids. 14. Oscillations. 15. Wave Motion. 16. Sound. 17. Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law. 18. Kinetic Theory of Gases. 19. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. 20. Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines.
Synergistic effect of prostaglandin F2α and cyclic AMP on glucose transport in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (2004)

The combined effect of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and cAMP on glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was examined. In cells pretreated with PGF2alpha and 8-bromo cAMP for 8 h, a synergy between these two agents on glucose uptake was found. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport, on the other hand, was only slightly affected. The synergistic effect of these two agents was suppressed in the presence of cycloheximide and actinomycin D. In concord, immunoblot and Northern blot analyses revealed that GLUT1 protein and mRNA levels were both increased in cells pretreated with both PGF2alpha and 8-bromo cAMP, greater than the additive effect of each agent alone. The synergistic action of PGF2alpha with 8-bromo cAMP to enhance glucose transport was inhibited by GF109203X, a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. In addition, in cells depleted of diacylglycerol-sensitive PKC by prolonged treatment with 4beta-phorbol 12beta-myristate 13alpha-acetate, a PKC activator, the synergistic effects of PGF2alpha and 8-bromo cAMP on glucose transport and GLUT1 mRNA accumulation were both abolished. Taken together, these results indicate that PGF2alpha may act with cAMP in a synergistic way to increase glucose transport, probably through enhanced GLUT1 expression by a PKC-dependent mechanism.
Comparison of Purified Alpha-Toxins from Various Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1974)

Alpha-toxin from five strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including Wood 46, was purified by isoelectric focusing. The alpha-toxins obtained from different strains were similar. The isoelectric point of the purified toxins was 8.65 +/- 0.15. Sharp concentration peaks were not always obtained. In the ultracentrifuge the alpha-toxins migrated usually as three peaks which could be dissociated with propionic acid to yield one peak. A single line of identity was obtained in immunoelectrophoresis when a heterologous antiserum was reacted with the five purified toxins. It was concluded that the widespread use of the Wood 46 strain for the production of alpha-toxin is justified.
EGFR and HER2 expression in advanced biliary tract cancer (2009)

Our data suggest that routine testing and therapeutic targeting of HER2 does not seem to be useful in patients with BTC, while targeting EGFR may be promising.
Selective Involvement of Superoxide Anion, but Not Downstream Compounds Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxynitrite, in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Apoptosis of Rat Mesangial Cells (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that serve as second messengers for intracellular signaling. Currently, precise roles of individual ROS in the actions of TNF-alpha remain to be elucidated. In this report, we investigated the roles of superoxide anion (O-(2)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in TNF-alpha-triggered apoptosis of mesangial cells. Mesangial cells stimulated by TNF-alpha produced O-(2) and underwent apoptosis. The apoptosis was inhibited by transfection with manganese superoxide dismutase or treatment with a pharmacological scavenger of O-(2), Tiron. In contrast, although exogenous H(2)O(2) induced apoptosis, TNF-alpha-triggered apoptosis was not affected either by transfection with catalase cDNA or by treatment with catalase protein or glutathione ethyl ester. Similarly, although ONOO(-) precursor SIN-1 induced apoptosis, treatment with a scavenger of ONOO(-), uric acid, or an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, N(G)-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride, did not affect the TNF-alpha-triggered apoptosis. Like TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, treatment with a O-(2)-releasing agent, pyrogallol, induced typical apoptosis even in the concurrent presence of scavengers for H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-). These results suggested that, in mesangial cells, TNF-alpha induces apoptosis through selective ROS. O-(2), but not H(2)O(2) or ONOO(-), was identified as the crucial mediator for the TNF-alpha-initiated, apoptotic pathway.
Moving Personal Protective Equipment Into the Community (2020)

This Viewpoint discusses the prospect that face shields might be more effective than face masks at reducing community SARS-CoV-2 transmission and calls for rapid adoption of face shield-wearing by the public as an infection control strategy.
Photobase generator assisted pitch division (2010)

The drive to sustain the improvements in productivity that derive from following Moore's law has led the semiconductor industry to explore new technologies that enable production of smaller and smaller features on semiconductor device. Pitch division techniques and double exposure lithography are approaches that print features beyond the fundamental resolution limit of state-of-art lenses by modifying the lithographic process. This paper presents a new technique that enables pitch division in the printing of gratings using only a single exposure that is fully compatible with the current manufacturing tools. This technique employs a classical photoresist polymer together with a photoactive system that incorporates both a photoacid generator (PAG) and a photobase generator (PBG). The PBG is added to the resist formulation in higher molar concentration than the PAG, but has a base production rate that is slower than the acid production rate of the PAG. The PBG functions as a dose-dependent base quencher, which neutralizes the acid in high dose exposure regions but not in the low dose regions. This photoactive system can be exploited in the design of both positive tone and negative tone resist formulations that provide a developed image of a grating that is twice the frequency of the grating on the mask. A simulation of this process was performed for a 52 nm line and space pattern using PROLITH and customized codes. The results showed generation of a 26 nm half pitch relief image after development. Through this new technique, a 45 nm half pitch line and space pattern was experimentally achieved with a mask that produces a 90 nm half pitch aerial image. This corresponds to a k1 factor of 0.13. The principles, the materials design and the first lithographic evaluations of this system are reported.
Had Enough in Ohio - Time to Reform Ohio's Judicial Selection Process (2004)

This note will examine the problems that the election of state judges creates, as well as the inadequacies of the current model of merit selection. I propose that Ohio should adopt an appointive method of selecting judges, which will utilize a judicial eligibility commission as outlined by the American Bar Association similar to the nominating commissions commonly found in merit selection plans but which will do away with the commonly found retention election. Ohio needs to change the manner in which state judges are selected in order to bring confidence in the state judiciary, and to ensure that the most qualified individuals sit on the bench in Ohio.