gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallothioneins: Mercury Species-Specific Induction and Their Potential Role in Attenuating Neurotoxicity (2006)

Metallothionein (MT) proteins are widespread in bacteria, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. They are of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa) and of the 60+ amino acid residues, 20 are cysteines. Functions attributed to MTs include the sequestration and dispersal of metal ions, primarily in zinc and copper homeostasis; regulation of the biosynthesis and activity of zinc metalloproteins, most notably zinc-dependent transcription factors; and cellular cytoprotection from reactive oxygen species, ionizing radiation, electrophilic anticancer drugs and mutagens, and metals. Observations on the abundance of MTs within the central nervous system (CNS) and the identification of a brain-specific isoform, MT-III, suggest that it might have important neurophysiological and neuromodulatory functions. Reinforced by the potential involvement of MT-III in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, the role of MTs in the CNS has become an intense focus of scientific pursuit. This manuscript represents a survey on the ability of MTs to modulate mercury neurotoxicity, a neurotoxin that has been implied to play an etiologic role in Minamata disease, erethism, and autism, just to name a few.
Model of transverse plate impact dynamics for design of impact detection methodologies (1995)

A closed-form analytical description of the deformation in a fully clamped, homogeneous, and isotropic rectangular plate subjected to transverse impact is presented. This solution is developed for use in the design of impact location and magnitude measurement methodologies. The solution is used to design two artificial neural network-based impact location techniques. I. Introduction O NE of the targeted technologies in the smart structures area is the health monitoring of structural systems. Of particular interest is the location of low-velocity impacts on structures constructed from plates and shells. Development of impact location techniques, however, is in many cases a time consuming process. Analytical techniques can be used to make impact detection development more economical by assessing the feasibility of techniques prior to experimental implementation. This paper describes a method of modeling the response of a fully clamped homogeneous
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel thin films (2008)

In this brief review we address a range of interesting applications and prospects of responsive hydrogel thin films for the fabrication of “smart” responsive surfaces, membranes, sensors with various transduction mechanisms, micro/nanoactuators, and capsules. We show that hydrogel thin films compete with grafted polymers and demonstrate strong advantages for the fabrication of robust multifunctional and multiresponsive surfaces. This article reviews recent publications on the synthesis of responsive hydrogel thin films and hybrid films with entrapped nanoparticles and reagents by the chemical crosslinking of reactive polymers, layer-by-layer deposition, and block-copolymer self-assembly, as well as examining those publications to determine a range of applications.
Nanotopographical Control of Stem Cell Differentiation (2010)

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various lineages, and the ability to reliably direct stem cell fate determination would have tremendous potential for basic research and clinical therapy. Nanotopography provides a useful tool for guiding differentiation, as the features are more durable than surface chemistry and can be modified in size and shape to suit the desired application. In this paper, nanotopography is examined as a means to guide differentiation, and its application is described in the context of different subsets of stem cells, with a particular focus on skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells. To address the mechanistic basis underlying the topographical effects on stem cells, the likely contributions of indirect (biochemical signal-mediated) and direct (force-mediated) mechanotransduction are discussed. Data from proteomic research is also outlined in relation to topography-mediated fate determination, as this approach provides insight into the global molecular changes at the level of the functional effectors.
Assessment of Cadaveric Organ Viability During Pulsatile Perfusion Using Infrared Imaging (2009)

Assessment of pulsatile perfusion (PP) is limited to measurements of flow (V) and resistance (R). We investigated infrared (IR) imaging during PP as a means for precise organ assessment. IR was used to monitor 10 porcine kidneys during 18 hr of PP in an uncontrolled Donation after Cardiac Death model. An IR camera (Lockheed Martin) was focused on the anterior surfaces of the kidneys. The degree of temperature homogeneity was compared with standard measurements of V and R. IR thermal images correlated with V and R (R=0.92, P<0.001). IR detected an increase in homogeneity during PP by comparing standard deviation differences before and after PP (P=0.002), which was not evident by standard measurements of V and R. Finally, IR assessment allowed for measurement of dynamic changes in perfusion.
A Fast Selection Algorithm and the Problem of Optimum Distribution of Effort (1979)

An algonthm ,s developed which finds the nth largest element of a linearly ordered set S, given m the form of m patrwise disjoint subsets Each of the m subsets satisfies the property that its kth largest element can be computed m a constant amount of time The algorithm terminates m time O(m.log2([Sj/m)) The selection algorithm applies to the problem of optimum distribution of effort, namely, the maxun~zation of the total utility of allocating n persons to m activities, where the utlhty of k persons assigned to actwity j ~s a concave funcuon uAk) Consequently, this problem can be solved m time O(m.logZn)
Pilot patterns for channel estimation in OFDM (2000)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, pilot-symbol distribution can be viewed as a 2D sampling problem related to the channel frequency response. Current pilot patterns with a common notation are formulated and a novel hexagonal pilot geometry proposed, which is optimum in terms of sampling efficiency and provides better performance than any other patterns.
An Enhanced Multi-Channel MAC for the IEEE 1609.4 Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

This paper proposes a multi-channel MAC scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), which dynamically adjusts the intervals of Control Channel (CCH) and Service Channels (SCHs). Markov modeling is conducted to optimize the intervals based on the traffic condition. The scheme also introduces a multi-channel coordination mechanism to provide the contention-free access in SCHs. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to help IEEE 1690.4 MAC improve the saturation throughput of SCHs significantly, while maintaining the prioritized transmission of critical safety information on the CCH.
REVIEWS (1951)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Chepman and Myllar Prints. Nine Tracts from the First Scottish Press, Edinburgh 1508 Followed by the Two Other Tracts in the Same Volume in the National Library of Scotland. A Facsimile with a Bibliographical Note by WILLIAM BEATTIE. Pp. xxviii+220. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Bibliographical Society, 1950. £4. 4s. net. A. MACDONALD A. MACDONALD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume II, Issue 5, 1951, Pages 161–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/II.5.161 Published: 01 January 1951
<b> <i>PKD2</i> </b> , a Gene for Polycystic Kidney Disease That Encodes an Integral Membrane Protein (1996)

A second gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was identified by positional cloning. Nonsense mutations in this gene (PKD2) segregated with the disease in three PKD2 families. The predicted 968-amino acid sequence of the PKD2 gene product has six transmembrane spans with intracellular amino- and carboxyl-termini. The PKD2 protein has amino acid similarity with PKD1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of PKD1, and the family of voltage-activated calcium (and sodium) channels, and it contains a potential calcium-binding domain.
Faster Calculation of Superquadric Shapes (1981)

Nonparametric methods of calculating points on the curve produce the recently introduced superquadric objects at great savings in time.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Intestinal Dysfunction: Uncovering the Neuro-Enteric Axis (2009)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to several physiologic complications including gastrointestinal dysfunction. Specifically, TBI can induce an increase in intestinal permeability, which may lead to bacterial translocation, sepsis, and eventually multi-system organ failure. However, the exact mechanism of increased intestinal permeability following TBI is unknown. We hypothesized that expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin, responsible for intestinal architectural and functional integrity, will decrease following TBI and increase intestinal permeability. BALB/c mice underwent a weight drop TBI model following anesthesia. Brain injury was confirmed by a neurologic assessment and gross brain pathology. Six hours following injury, FITC-dextran (25 mg 4.4 kDa FITC-dextran) was injected into the intact lumen of the isolated ileum. Intestinal permeability was measured in plasma 30 min following injection, by using spectrophotometry to determine plasma FITC-dextran concentrations. Whole ileum extracts were used to measure expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin by Western blot. TBI caused a significant increase in intestinal permeability (110.0 microg/mL +/-22.2) compared to sham animals (29.4 microg/mL +/- 9.7) 6 h after injury (p = 0.016). Expression of ZO-1 was decreased by 49% relative to sham animals (p < 0.02), whereas expression of occludin was decreased by 73% relative to sham animals (p < 0.001). An increase in intestinal permeability corresponds with decreased expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin following TBI. Expression of intestinal tight junction proteins may be an important factor in gastrointestinal dysfunction following brain injury.
Discovery of GNE-149 as a Full Antagonist and Efficient Degrader of Estrogen Receptor alpha for ER+ Breast Cancer (2020)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a well-validated drug target for ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Fulvestrant is FDA-approved to treat ER+ breast cancer and works through two mechanisms-as a full antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD)-but lacks oral bioavailability. Thus, we envisioned a "best-in-class" molecule with the same dual mechanisms as fulvestrant, but with significant oral exposure. Through lead optimization, we discovered a tool molecule <b>12</b> (GNE-149) with improved degradation and antiproliferative activity in both MCF7 and T47D cells. To illustrate the binding mode and key interactions of this scaffold with ERα, we obtained a cocrystal structure of <b>6</b> that showed ionic interaction of azetidine with Asp351 residue. Importantly, <b>12</b> showed favorable metabolic stability and good oral exposure. <b>12</b> exhibited antagonist effect in the uterus and demonstrated robust dose-dependent efficacy in xenograft models.
Purification and cDNA Cloning of Isochorismate Synthase from Elicited Cell Cultures of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (1999)

Isochorismate is an important metabolite formed at the end of the shikimate pathway, which is involved in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. It is synthesized from chorismate in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme isochorismate synthase (ICS; EC 5.4.99.6). We have purified ICS to homogeneity from elicited Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. Two isoforms with an apparent molecular mass of 64 kD were purified and characterized. The Km values for chorismate were 558 and 319 microM for isoforms I and II, respectively. The isoforms were not inhibited by aromatic amino acids and required Mg2+ for enzyme activity. Polymerase chain reaction on a cDNA library from elicited C. roseus cells with a degenerated primer based on the sequence of an internal peptide from isoform II resulted in an amplification product that was used to screen the cDNA library. This led to the first isolation, to our knowledge, of a plant ICS cDNA. The cDNA encodes a protein of 64 kD with an N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal. The deduced amino acid sequence shares homology with bacterial ICS and also with anthranilate synthases from plants. Southern analysis indicates the existence of only one ICS gene in C. roseus.
Topical analgesia for superficial corneal injuries. (1996)

Flurbiprofen eye drops provide more effective pain relief than traditional treatments for superficial corneal injuries.
Joint User Scheduling, Power Allocation, and Precoding Design for Massive MIMO Systems: A Principal Component Analysis Approach (2018)

Ahstract-This paper considers massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system with imperfect channel state information at transmitter (CSIT). A new optimization framework for the joint user-scheduling, power control, and precoding design is presented. The key idea of the proposed optimization framework is to equivalently reformulate an sum-spectral efficiency maximization problem into the maximization problem of the product of Rayleigh quotients. Although this reformulated optimization problem is not convex, the sub-optimal solution that guarantees the first-order optimality condition is found using the proposed general power iteration algorithm. One major observation is that the proposed sub-optimal solutions provide significant gains in terms of the sum-spectral efficiency compared to the conventional user-scheduling algorithm conjunction with zero-forcing precoding for the massive MIMO systems.
Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) of total genomic DNA from Meloidogyne spp. and comparison to crude DNA extracts in PCR of ITS1, 28S D2-D3 rDNA and Hsp90 (2005)

Abstract Because the quantity of nematode specimens available for molecular analysis is often limited, the number of analyses possible is constrained by the availability of DNA. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) was assessed for whole genome amplification of crude DNA from several Meloidogyne species. MDA produced microgram quantities of template that resulted in successful amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and 28S D2-D3 expansion regions, producing PCR results that were comparable to template generated by the single nematode smash method. MDA greatly improved degenerate primer PCR of single-copy Hsp90, a gene which is more sensitive than multi-copy ribosomal genes to limited DNA template. MDA should expand the number of molecular analyses possible for single nematodes. MDA will also be useful for archiving DNA from valuable specimens and provide a way for laboratories to share identical genetic material for nematode diagnosis.
Synthesis and display of dynamic holographic 3D scenes with real-world objects (2010)

A 3D scene is synthesized combining multiple optically recorded digital holograms of different objects. The novel idea consists of compositing moving 3D objects in a dynamic 3D scene using a process that is analogous to stop-motion video. However in this case the movie has the exciting attribute that it can be displayed and observed in 3D. We show that 3D dynamic scenes can be projected as an alternative to complicated and heavy computations needed to generate realistic-looking computer generated holograms. The key tool for creating the dynamic action is based on a new concept that consists of a spatial, adaptive transformation of digital holograms of real-world objects allowing full control in the manipulation of the object's position and size in a 3D volume with very high depth-of-focus. A pilot experiment to evaluate how viewers perceive depth in a conventional single-view display of the dynamic 3D scene has been performed.
High capacity robust audio watermarking scheme based on FFT and linear regression (2012)

This paper proposes a novel high capacity audio watermarking algorithm to embed data and extract them in a bit-exact manner by changing some of the magnitudes of the FFT spectrum. The key idea is to divide the FFT spectrum into short frames and change the magnitudes of the selected FFT samples using linear regression and the average of the samples of each frame. Using the average of FFT magnitudes leads to improved robustness, since this variable is more invariant against manipulations compared with the magnitudes of single samples. In addition, linear regression helps to minimize the alterations of FFT samples, which results in better transparency. Apart from very remarkable capacity, transparency and robustness, this scheme provides three parameters which facilitate the regulation of these properties. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity (0.5 to 2.3 kbps), without significant perceptual distortion (ODG is about –1) and provides robustness against common audio signal processing such as echo, added noise, filtering and MPEG compression (MP3).
Calcium and free radicals in hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of renal epithelial cells (1994)

Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) generate oxygen free radicals that result in renal cell injury. We tested the roles of calcium and calmodulin in mediating xanthine oxidase-derived oxygen free radical production during H/R. Lowering extracellular Ca2+ attenuated lethal cell injury. H/R increased superoxide radical production over basal levels, whereas removing extracellular Ca2+ before hypoxia decreased superoxide radical production to basal levels. Pretreatment with either 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride or thapsigargin, to inhibit release or deplete stores of intracellular Ca2+, did not affect injury following H/R. Ionomycin increased lactate dehydrogenase release during H/R but did not increase superoxide radical to levels greater than that observed for H/R alone. The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide decreased cell injury to varying degrees. Trifluoperazine also decreased superoxide radical production during H/R and was shown to inhibit the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase. Cell injury and superoxide radical production correlated with cytosolic free Ca2+ during H/R as determined with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluoroprobe indo 1. Cytosolic free Ca2+ increased slightly during hypoxia and showed a dramatic increase as soon as cells were reoxygenated. Cells incubated in a Ca(2+)-free medium actually showed a small decrease in intracellular Ca2+ despite H/R. In summary, Ca2+ derived from extracellular sources promoted superoxide radical production and renal cell injury by a calmodulin-dependent conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, a major source of oxygen free radicals during H/R.
Fibers from polyblends containing nylon 6 as basic component. I. Melt spinning and physical properties of blend fibers (1973)

Abstract Five series of two‐component blend filaments, comprising nylon 6 (N6) and nylon 66 (N66), nylon 610 (N610), nylon 11 (N11), nylon 12 (N12), or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), were prepared by using a research spinning machine and a conventional drawing machine. The microstructure and the physical properties of the resultant filaments were evaluated with a tensile tester, a optical microscope, a density‐gradient column, and a DTA instrument. When both components were mixed homogeneously so that they would form a three‐dimensional network, the tensile properties of the blend filament were at least equivalent to the values predicted from those of both components. On the other hand, as in the cases of 30/70 and 70/30 N6–PET, when the minor component was discretely distributed as short fibrils in the matrix of the major component, the blend filament had an extremely weak tenacity. A supertenacity filament was obtained from 50/50 N6–N610. The marked increase of the tensil strength and the initial modulus of 50/50 N6–N610, about 12 g/den and 520 kg/mm 2 , respectively, may be due to a significant increase in the crystallinity and the orientation of the blend.
Overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2/neu–encoded p185 protein in primary lung cancer (1992)

The c-erbB-2/neu gene encodes a transmembrane protein of 185 kDa (p185) with tyrosine kinase activity and extensive sequence homology to epidermal growth factor receptor. Amplification and overexpression of the c-erbB-2/neu gene has been shown in certain human tumors and is postulated to be important in human carcinogenesis. High levels of expression of the c-erbB-2/neu gene have been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors from the United States. Since geographical and cultural factors may contribute to the development of certain types of cancer, we examined p185 examined p185 expression in 120 tumors from Chinese patients with lung cancers of different cell types and used immunohistochemical staining to determine the extent and general significance of p185 expression in human primary lung cancer. Our results demonstrate that 58.8% of the NSCLCs expressed p185 and that expression of p185 was observed only in NSCLC and not in small-cell lung cancers. Thirty-three of 41 adenocarcinomas and 24 of 55 squamous cell carcinomas among the NSCLCs examined were found to express p185 at levels different from those of normal lung. For the squamous cell carcinomas, p185 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P less than 0.01), but for the adenocarcinomas, it was not (P greater than 0.05). In addition, expression of p185 in NSCLC was significantly more frequent in patients in advanced clinical stages. Our findings indicate that p185 expression is a frequent event and a general phenomenon in NSCLC and is correlated with poor clinical prognostic indicators, suggesting that expression of p185 may be of potential prognostic importance in NSCLC.
MCP-1 is selectively expressed in the late phase by cytokine-stimulated human neutrophils: TNF-α plays a role in maximal MCP-1 mRNA expression (1999)

Culture supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA-sup) induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression in human neutrophils. MCP-1 mRNA was first detected by Northern analysis at 8 h, and the peak level was detected at 16 h and sustained until 72 h. Cycloheximide and genistein, but not pertussis toxin, inhibited the expression of MCP-1 mRNA. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced a low level MCP-1 mRNA accumulation in neutrophils, and addition of anti-TNF-alpha IgG blocked 30-70% of MCP-1 mRNA expression induced with PHA-sup. PHA-sup-stimulated PMN synthesized and secreted 3.1+/-1.3 ng/5 x 10(6) PMN MCP-1 within the first 24 h. Hybridization of 32P-labeled cDNA preparations to an array of human cytokine cDNAs further indicated that MCP-1 mRNA was selectively up-regulated in the late phase after stimulation with the PHA-sup.
ESR Relaxation Studies on Orbitally Degenerate Free Radicals. I. Benzene Anion and Tropenyl (1969)

Careful continuous saturation measurements, which include corrections for nonuniform microwave and modulating fields, have been used to examine, at different temperatures, the ESR linewidths and saturation behavior of the benzene anion in a tetrahydrofuran: dimethoxyethane solvent and the tropenyl radical in molten bitropenyl. It has been found that the ratios of the longitudinal to transverse electron-spin relaxation times (T1 / T2) for these free radicals in solution are about 1.1 ± 0.1 for the benzene anion below − 60°C and for tropenyl at 165°C. Analysis of the results has shown that at 9.1 GHz, g-tensor, anisotropic dipolar, and spin–rotational relaxation mechanisms do not contribute appreciably to the observed times. The anomalously small relaxation times associated with these radicals have been attributed to effects involving the degenerate ground states of these radicals. The spin-relaxation behavior of peroxylamine disulfonate anion in aqueous solution has also been studied.