gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ICOS Regulates the Generation and Function of Human CD4+ Treg in a CTLA-4 Dependent Manner (2013)

Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is a member of CD28/Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) family and broadly expressed in activated CD4(+) T cells and induced regulatory CD4(+) T cells (CD4(+) iTreg). ICOS-related signal pathway could be activated by the interaction between ICOS and its ligand (ICOSL). In our previous work, we established a cost-effective system to generate a novel human allo-antigen specific CD4(hi) Treg by co-culturing their naïve precursors with allogeneic CD40-activated B cells in vitro. Here we investigate the role of ICOS in the generation and function of CD4(hi) Treg by interrupting ICOS-ICOSL interaction with ICOS-Ig. It is found that blockade of ICOS-ICOSL interaction impairs the induction and expansion of CD4(hi) Treg induced by allogeneic CD40-activated B cells. More importantly, CD4(hi) Treg induced with the addition of ICOS-Ig exhibits decreased suppressive capacity on alloantigen-specific responses. Dysfunction of CD4(hi) Treg induced with ICOS-Ig is accompanied with its decreased exocytosis and surface CTLA-4 expression. Through inhibiting endocytosis with E64 and pepstatin A, surface CTLA-4 expression and suppressive functions of induced CD4(hi) Treg could be partly reversed. Conclusively, our results demonstrate the beneficial role of ICOS-ICOSL signal pathway in the generation and function of CD4(hi) Treg and uncover a novel relationship between ICOS and CTLA-4.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK (1991)

The mythology that has developed around technology transfer activities is discussed, and it is shown how it impedes the implementation of effective and properly designed technology-transfer programs. A generic framework is developed that defines the different levels at which such programs apply, and a distinction is made between those oriented to tactical needs versus those directed at strategic goals. The framework distinguishes between public- and private-sector needs and gives three technology maturity levels related to distinct approaches to technology transfer. Guidelines for developing technology-transfer programs are derived, and new facilitating technologies such as expert systems, computer-aided learning, and integrated application-documentation systems are outlined.
Prospective, Observational Study of Outcomes in Neonates With Severe Thrombocytopenia (2009)

Although one third of neonates enrolled in this study developed thrombocytopenia of <20 x 10(9) platelets per L, 91% did not develop major hemorrhage. Most platelet transfusions were given to neonates with thrombocytopenia with no bleeding or minor bleeding only.
Kinetic Model of Platinum Dissolution in PEM Fuel Cells (2002)

This paper presents a mathematical model of oxidation and dissolution of supported platinum catalysts in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells. Kinetic expressions for the oxidation and dissolution reactions are developed and compared to available experimental data. The model is used to investigate the influences of electrode potential and particle size on catalyst stability.
Mechanical properties of polycarbonate antiplasticized with a charge‐transfer complex (1979)

Abstract Polymers doped with low‐molecular‐weight charge‐transfer (CT) complexes exhibit interesting electrical and photoelectrical properties. On the basis of the results of thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) for polycarbonate (PC) doped with tetracyanoethylene‐ t ‐stilbene complex and its components, some information about the mechanism of mutual interaction was obtained. The measurements of stress relaxation, mechanical moduli, and ultimate strength in a wide temperature range fully confirmed the predicted behavior of PC s doped with CT complex and its components. Doping the PC with CT complex and its components lowers the glass‐transition temperature and increases the modulus in the range −60 to +60°C. The effects of doping on the mechanical properties of PC are explained in terms of α‐ and β‐relaxations.
Structure of the Bovine Antimicrobial Peptide Indolicidin Bound to Dodecylphosphocholine and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Indolicidin is a cationic, 13-residue antimicrobial peptide (ILPWKWPWWPWRR-NH(2)) which is unusually rich in tryptophan and proline. Its antimicrobial action involves the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra demonstrated the structural similarity of indolicidin in complexes with large unilamellar phospolipid vesicles and with detergent micelles. The structure of indolicidin bound to zwitterionic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles was determined using NMR methods and shown to represent a unique membrane-associated peptide structure. The backbone structure in DPC, well defined between residues 3 and 11, was extended, with two half-turns at residues Lys-5 and Trp-8. The backbone structure in SDS, well defined between residues 5 and 11, was also extended, but lacked the bend in the C-terminal half. Indolicidin in complexes with DPC had a central hydrophobic core composed of proline and tryptophan, which was bracketed by positively charged regions near the peptide termini. The tryptophan side chains, with one exception, folded flat against the peptide backbone, thus giving the molecule a wedge shape. Indolicidin in complexes with SDS had an arrangement of hydrophobic and cationic regions similar to that found in the presence of DPC. The tryptophan side chains were less well defined than for indolicidin in DPC and extended away from the peptide backbone. The preferred location of indolicidin in DPC micelles and lipid bilayers, analyzed using spin-label probes, was at the membrane interface.
Efficacy of Bacteriophage Therapy in Experimental Sepsis and Meningitis Caused by a Clone O25b:H4-ST131 Escherichia coli Strain Producing CTX-M-15 (2012)

We evaluated phage therapy in experimental infections due to S242, a fatal neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli strain belonging to the worldwide-distributed O25b:H4-ST131 clone that produces extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15. A lytic phage, EC200(PP), active against S242, was isolated from environmental water. After determining in vitro and ex vivo stabilities and pharmacokinetic properties of EC200(PP) in rat pups, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of a single dose of 10(8) PFU using models of sepsis and meningitis in which fatality was 100%. EC200(PP) was partially neutralized by human serum. In contrast to the high concentration of phage in the spleen and the kidney, low titers in urine and the central nervous system were observed. Nevertheless, in the sepsis model, EC200(PP) administered 7 h or 24 h postinfection resulted in 100% and 50% pup survival, respectively. In the meningitis model, EC200(PP) administered 1 h or 7 h postinfection rescued 100% of the animals. The most delayed treatments were associated with the selection of phage-resistant S242 mutants. However, a representative mutant was highly sensitive to killing serum activity and avirulent in an animal model. EC200(PP) is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis and meningitis caused by the widespread E. coli O25:H4-ST131 multidrug-resistant clone.
Improving retrospective sorting of 4D computed tomography data (2006)

Respiratory correlated CT is commercially available, and we have implemented its routine clinical use in planning lung tumor patients. Its value is determined by the fidelity of the spatiotemporal data set after processing the acquired reconstructed slices. Retrospective sorting of reconstructed slices is based on respiratory phase. However, the existing commercial software inadequately models respiratory phase for about 30% of the patients, mainly due to irregularities in the respiratory cycle. We have developed software that improves phase determination and consequently leads to an improvement of retrospective data sorting to make 4DCT data acquisition feasible for routine clinical use. Peak inhalation and exhalation respiratory states are selected manually; intermediate phases are interpolated. Residual motion artifacts in the resulting 4DCT volumes are reduced and allow use of the 4D imaging studies for treatment planning.
Seismic behaviour of historic timber-frame buildings in the Italian Dolomites (2006)

The historical building heritage in the Italian Dolomites comprehends traditional timber-frame constructions. This construction technique is the topic of this paper. Analysing the structure of the buildings in question and hence understanding their seismic performance is the main objective. The methods used to achieve this aim included breaking down the building into its different elementary parts in order to examine its horizontal and vertical load-bearing elements. Two most common types of wooden frames are considered for the purpose of the present study (with three different infill configurations: wooden branches and mortar, bricks and stones). The experimental part comprised quasi-static cyclic tests on wall specimens carried out to evaluate the lateral load resistance, the ductility and the capacity of energy dissipation of the three panel configurations. These results were then used for the theoretical part aiming to establish a numerical model which includes a pinching hysteresis model and is fitted to the cyclic test data. The numerical analyses were performed for several historical earthquakes. For each earthquake, the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAu) producing the “near collapse ” ultimate state of this building type has been determined. Having these results, a realistic statement can be given regarding the seismic performance of these traditional timber-frame buildings.
WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generation (2020)

This paper introduces WaveGrad, a conditional model for waveform generation which estimates gradients of the data density. The model is built on prior work on score matching and diffusion probabilistic models. It starts from a Gaussian white noise signal and iteratively refines the signal via a gradient-based sampler conditioned on the mel-spectrogram. WaveGrad offers a natural way to trade inference speed for sample quality by adjusting the number of refinement steps, and bridges the gap between non-autoregressive and autoregressive models in terms of audio quality. We find that it can generate high fidelity audio samples using as few as six iterations. Experiments reveal WaveGrad to generate high fidelity audio, outperforming adversarial non-autoregressive baselines and matching a strong likelihood-based autoregressive baseline using fewer sequential operations. Audio samples are available at https://wavegrad.github.io/.
Education, language decline and language revitalisation: The case of Maori in New Zealand (1989)

Abstract There is still some controversy in New Zealand as to the role schools have had in discouraging people from speaking Maori, and what influence schools might have on the revitalisation of Maori. This article overviews the present language situation and the development of the kohanga reo (language nests) and bilingual schooling. The empirical data were obtained from families included in the NZCER sociolinguistic surveys of communities throughout the North Island (1973–9) and some later follow‐up studies (1984–5; 1988). Particular attention is paid to information gathered on language preferences, the linguistic experiences of parents at home and at school, and the extent to which Maori was used in their households. The participation of these families in the kohanga reo and the attitudes of parents to bilingual education in English and Maori is also discussed. The reactions to and interpretations of the linguistic aspects of their own schooling as well as of their children's schooling are discussed and related to other factors which have encouraged or discouraged the continued use of Maori within their present families.
Design, Synthesis, Acaricidal/Insecticidal Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Oxazolines Containing Sulfone/Sulfoxide Groups Based on the Sulfonylurea Receptor Protein-Binding Site (2016)

Enormous compounds containing sulfone/sulfoxide groups have been used in a variety of fields, especially in drug and pesticide design. To search for novel environmentally benign and ecologically safe pesticides with unique modes of action, a series of 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolines containing sulfone/sulfoxide groups as chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) were designed and synthesized on the basis of the sulfonylurea receptor protein-binding site for CSIs. Their structures were characterized by (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acaricidal and insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. It was found that most of the target compounds displayed wonderful acaricidal activities against spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) larvae and eggs. Especially compounds I-4, II-3, and II-4 displayed higher activities than commercial etoxazole at a concentration of 2.5 mg L(-1). Some target compounds exhibited insecticidal activities against lepidopteran pests. The present work demonstrated that these compounds containing sulfone/sulfoxide groups could be considered as potential candidates for the development of novel acaricides in the future.
Effects of Surface Displayed Targeting Ligand GE11 on Liposome Distribution and Extravasation in Tumor (2014)

Targeting ligands displayed on liposome surface had been used to mediate specific interactions and drug delivery to target cells. However, they also affect liposome distribution in vivo, as well as the tissue extravasation processes after IV injection. In this study, we incorporated an EGFR targeting peptide GE11 on liposome surfaces in addition to PEG at different densities and evaluated their targeting properties and antitumor effects. We found that the densities of surface ligand and PEG were critical to target cell binding in vitro as well as pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo. The inclusion of GE11-PEG-DSPE and PEG-DSPE at 2% and 4% mol ratios in the liposome formulation mediated a rapid accumulation of liposomes within 1 h after IV injection in the tumor tissues surrounding neovascular structures. This is in addition to the EPR effect that was most prominently described for surface PEG modified liposomes. Therefore, despite the fact that the distribution of liposomes into interior tumor tissues was still limited by diffusion, GE11 targeted doxorubicin loaded liposomes showed significantly better antitumor activity in tumor bearing mice as a result of the fast active-targeting efficiency. We anticipate these understandings can benefit further optimization of targeted drug delivery systems for improving efficacy in vivo.
Limitation of the Load Angle in a Direct-Torque-Controlled Synchronous Machine Drive (2004)

The basic direct torque control (DTC) principle is to rotate the flux linkage forward, if the torque must be increased, and reverse, if the torque must be decreased. The torque is, however, increased only up to a maximum torque of the machine, which corresponds to a load angle of about 90/spl deg/ in a synchronous machine. This paper presents a method to overcome the possible loss of synchronism when using DTC. This requires either that the rotor angle is measured or estimated. Both of these cases are considered. Simulation and laboratory results are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented method.
Next-Generation Sequencing of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Reveals Small Cell Carcinoma–like and Non–Small Cell Carcinoma–like Subsets (2016)

LCNEC is a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, comprising distinct subsets with genomic signatures of SCLC, NSCLC (predominantly adenocarcinoma), and rarely, highly proliferative carcinoids. Recognition of these subsets may inform the classification and management of LCNEC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3618-29. ©2016 AACR.
Design and Implementation of Fine-Grain Power Gating with Ground Bounce Suppression (2009)

This paper describes a design and implementation methodology for fine-grain power gating. Since sleep-in and wakeup are controlled in a fine granularity in run time, shortening the transition time between the sleep and active states is strongly required. In particular, shortening the wakeup time is essential because it affects the execution time and hence does the performance. However, this requirement makes suppression of the ground-bounce more difficult. We propose a novel technique to skew the wakeup timings of fine-grain local power domains to suppress the ground bounce. Delay of buffers driving power switches is skewed in the buffer tree by selectively downsizing them. We designed a MIPS R3000 based CPU core in a 90 nm CMOS technology and applied our technique to internal function units. Simulation results showed that our technique reduces the rush current to 47% over the case to turn-on the power switches simultaneously. This resulted in suppressing the ground bounce to 53 mV with 3.3 ns wakeup time. Simulation results from running benchmark programs showed that the total power dissipation for the function units was reduced by up to 15% at 25degC and by 62% at 100degC. Effectiveness in power savings is discussed from the viewpoint of the temperature-dependent break-even points and the consecutive idle time in the program.
Triply Fused Zn<sup>II</sup>–Porphyrin Oligomers: Synthesis, Properties, and Supramolecular Interactions with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) (2006)

The photophysical, electrochemical, and self-assembly properties of a novel triply fused Zn(II)-porphyrin trimer were investigated and compared to the properties of a triply fused porphyrin dimer and the analogous monomer. The trimer exhibited significantly red-shifted absorption bands relative to the corresponding monomer and dimer. Electrochemical investigations indicated a clear trend in redox properties amongst the three porphyrin structures, with the lowest oxidation potential and the lowest HOMO-LUMO gap exhibited by the triply fused trimer. This electrochemical behavior is attributed to the extensive pi-electron delocalization in the trimeric structure relative to the monomer and dimer. Additionally, it was found that the trimer forms extremely strong and nearly irreversible supramolecular interactions with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), resulting in stable solutions of porphyrin-nanotube complexes in THF. Formation of these complexes required the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to the solvent. This allowed the oligomers to make close contact with the nanotubes, enabling the formation of stable supramolecular assemblies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the supramolecular porphyrin-nanotube complexes and revealed that the porphyrin trimer formed a uniform coating on the SWNTs. Height profiles indicated that nanotube bundles could be exfoliated into either individual tubes or very small bundles by exposure to the porphyrin trimer during sonication.
Randomized Trial of Lenalidomide Versus Observation in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (2019)

Early intervention with lenalidomide in smoldering multiple myeloma significantly delays progression to symptomatic multiple myeloma and the development of end-organ damage.
Deep Neural Networks Classification over Encrypted Data (2019)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have overtaken classic machine learning algorithms due to their superior performance in big data analysis in a broad range of applications. On the other hand, in recent years Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has become more widespread in which a client uses cloud services for analyzing its data. However, the client's data may be sensitive which raises privacy concerns. In this paper, we address the issue of privacy preserving classification in a Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) settings and focus on convolutional neural networks (CNN). To achieve this goal, we develop new techniques to run CNNs over encrypted data. First, we design methods to approximate commonly used activation functions in CNNs (i.e. ReLU, Sigmoid, and Tanh) with low degree polynomials which is essential for a practical and efficient solution. Then, we train CNNs with approximation polynomials instead of original activation functions and implement CNNs classification over encrypted data. We evaluate the performance of our modified models at each step. The results of our experiments using several CNNs with a varying number of layers and structures are promising. When applied to the MNIST optical character recognition tasks, our approach achieved 99.25% accuracy which significantly outperforms state-of-the-art solutions and is close to the accuracy of the best non-private version. Furthermore, it can make up to 164000 predictions per hour. These results show that our approach provides accurate, efficient, and scalable privacy-preserving predictions in CNNs.
Combined trellis coding and DFE through Tomlinson precoding (1991)

The authors propose and evaluate a receiver architecture which combines the power of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with trellis coding, while allowing for minimal decoding delay in such a way that the total gain of the system is additive. The system is based on a structure that transposes the feedback filter of the DFE into the transmitter and, for high-order constellations, provides negligible increase in transmitter power. The first known hardware realization of a high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) system that achieves the coding gain provided by a trellis code in addition to the equalization gain provided by the DFE is presented. A system whose complexity of implementation is comparable to that of a typical DFE and an independent Viterbi decoder is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discovery of an Exceptionally Potent and Selective Class of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors Enlisting Proteome‐Wide Selectivity Screening: Concurrent Optimization of Enzyme Inhibitor Potency and Selectivity. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intracoronary Hemodynamic Effects of Pressure‐Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PICSO): Results from the First‐In‐Man Prepare PICSO Study (2012)

PICSO safely augments CS pressure, thereby increasing LAD coronary wedge pressure. These findings support further evaluation of PICSO in the setting of STEMI.
Bluetooth parking access control (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach of using mobile phones with Bluetooth technology to enter/exit restricted area. Design/methodology/approach – Applied Bluetooth technology implemented in mobile phones enables the user to perform the identification and the state of presence while entering/exiting the parking space without stopping the vehicle. For the successful implementation of this method for presence detection and proper identification, it is necessary to determine the values of the Bluetooth signal. Findings – This paper discuses a case study that has been done at entry/exit of parking lots. The obtained experimental results show that mobile phones with the Bluetooth technology can be successfully applied as presence detection sensors, as well as in processes for the identification of the user/object in the move. Practical implications – The paper gives a primer how mobile phones with Bluetooth technology, in addition to their basic purpose, can be used as identification devices to enter/exit restricted area. Originality/value – The users have possibilities to access restricted area using a common device – a mobile phone with Bluetooth technology. Successful implementation of developed access control system is based on determining the proper value of the Bluetooth signal strength field that extends around the control cabinet in which the Bluetooth devices are situated.