gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OVERCOMING OBSTACLES: BARRIERS TO CARE IN FIBROMYALGIA TREATMENT * (2009)

Many patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) receive inadequate or ineffective treatment, often because of multifactorial barriers that stand in the way of appropriate care. These barriers include the high prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with FMS, the challenges inherent in diagnosing FMS, and the perception among many that FMS is not a “real” disease. Another major obstacle is that there is often little or no coverage for patients with FMS who do have health insurance, and restricted access to healthcare for those who do not. This article reviews these and other patient-, physician-, and process-related barriers and explains how they interfere with treatment. The article also suggests several common-sense strategies aimed at overcoming these obstacles and improving care for patients with FMS. (Adv Stud Med. 2009;9(4):115-121) M any patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) receive inadequate or ineffective treatment. In part, this is a direct reflection of the lack of consensus among clinicians with respect to diagnosis, causes, and effective treatments. In large measure, however, inappropriate care can be attributed to numerous multifactorial barriers that need to be overcome. These barriers fall into 4 broad but interrelated categories: patient-related factors; physician-related factors; work and social impairment; and factors involving “process,” such as delayed diagnosis and inadequate healthcare coverage. The categories overlap to some extent, just as FMS frequently overlaps with several other pain syndromes and psychiatric conditions. Factors in each of the categories are reviewed in detail in this article, as well as strategies to overcome these obstacles. PATIENT-RELATED FACTORS
Two Views: What Is a Mandate? (2005)

From 1 July 2005 the Coalition will control both houses of parliament and will argue that it has a mandate for changes on a range of policy issues. Two writers explore the following questions: Does a mandate exist and when? How can we meaningfully define a mandate for a government to act?
Complete replication in vitro of tobacco mosaic virus RNA by a template-dependent, membrane-bound RNA polymerase (1996)

A crude membrane-bound RNA polymerase, obtained by differential centrifugation of extracts of tomato leaves infected with tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (tomato strain L) TMV-L), was purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Removal of the endogenous RNA template with micrococcal nuclease rendered the polymerase template dependent and template specific. The polymerase was primer independent and able to initiate RNA synthesis on templates containing the 3'-terminal sequences of the TMV-L positive or negative strands. TMV-vulgare RNA was a less efficient template, while RNAs of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus and red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus, or 5'-terminal sequences of TMV-L positive or negative strands, did not act as templates for the polymerase. A main product of the reaction with TMV-L genomic RNA as a template, carried out in the presence of [alpha-32P]UTP, was genomic-length single-stranded RNA. This was shown to be the positive strand and uniformly labelled along its length, demonstrating complete replication of TMV-L RNA. Genomic-length double-stranded RNA, labelled in both strands, and small amounts of RNAs corresponding to the single- and double-stranded forms of the coat protein subgenomic mRNA were also formed. Antibodies to N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the 126-kDa protein detected the 126-kDa protein and the 183-kDa readthrough protein in purified RNA polymerase preparations, whereas antibodies to the readthrough portion of the 183-kDa protein detected only the 183-kDa protein. All three antibodies inhibited the template-dependent RNA polymerase, but none of them had any effect on the template-bound enzyme.
Inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase as novel analgesics (2007)

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) lipid whose functions remain poorly understood. Guindon and colleagues report the novel finding that exogenous application of 2-AG induces peripheral antinociceptive effects that are mediated, at least in part, by actions at peripheral cannabinoid CB(2) receptors. URB602, a recently described inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes 2-AG hydrolysis in vivo, also induced peripheral antinociceptive effects and enhanced the actions of 2-AG. Peripheral analgesic mechanisms represent promising therapeutic targets for suppressing pain in the absence of unwanted central nervous system side-effects (e.g. psychoactivity) associated with activation of central CB(1) receptors. The therapeutic potential of inhibitors of 2-AG deactivation for the treatment of inflammatory pain is discussed.
BEAT TRACKING WITH A TWO STATE MODEL (2005)

In this paper we apply a two state switching model to the problem of audio based beat tracking. Our analysis is based around the generation and application of adaptively weighted comb filterbank structures to extract beat timing information from the midlevel representation of an input audio signal known as the onset detection function [1]. We evaluate our system using a previously published dataset [2] and in performing a direct comparison with the current state of the art, present comparable results.
Monitoring Human Movement with Body-Fixed Sensors and its Clinical Applications (2006)

In this chapter, first we outline the advantage of new technologies based on body-fixed sensors and particularly the possibility to perform field measurement, out of a laboratory and during the actual condition of the subject. The relevance of intelligent computing and its potential to enhance those features hidden in biomechanical signals are reviewed. An emphasis is made to show the results produced by these sensors when used alone and new possibilities offered when the information from different type of body fixed sensors are fused. In the second part, the relevance of body fixed sensors in medicine is presented by providing many clinical applications in orthopedics, Parkinson disease, physiology, pain management, and aging. Finally the chapter ends by emphasizing the potential of synergies between body fixed movement monitoring and other areas such as information technology which lead to the development of wearable body movement monitoring.
Expectation for Schooling of Youths with Disabilities (2003)

This study estimates the effects of youth limb disabilities, sensory disabilities, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and depression on the youth’s desire and expectation for college education, the youth’s perception of parental expectation for the youth college education, and the parent’s actual expectation for their child’s college education. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) collected in 1995 was used for the empirical analysis. According to the descriptive analysis, youth with disabilities have lower desire and lower expectation for their college education than the youths without disabilities. Also, the youths with disabilities perceive lower level of the parental expectation than youths without disabilities. The parents whose child have disabilities report lower level of the expectation for their child ‘s college education than the parent whose child do not have disabilities. The results from the econometric analysis show that youth mental disabilities are negatively associated with youths’ desire and expectation for college education. However, this study finds no evidence that youths with physical disabilities have different level of desire or expectation for their college education comparing the youths without disabilities. In addition, this study finds that depressed youths and mentally retarded youths perceive the parental expectation which is different what their parent actually expect. The results from this study imply that many youths with mental disabilities and their parent are discouraged. It may lead the current problem of poor schooling and labor market outcomes of youths with disabilities. This study suggests that one general approach to improve the poor outcomes of youths with disabilities would be intervention that promotes higher expectation among the youths, parents, and teachers.
400  mW external cavity diode laser with narrowband emission at 445  nm (2014)

A high-power external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system with narrowband emission is presented. The system is based on a commercially available high-power GaN laser diode. For the ECDL, a maximum optical output power of 400 mW in continuous-wave operation with narrowband emission is achieved. Longitudinal mode selection is realized by using a surface diffraction grating in Littrow configuration. A spectral width of 20 pm at 445 nm with a side-mode suppression ratio larger than 40 dB is achieved. This concept enables diode laser systems suitable for subsequent nonlinear frequency conversion into the UV spectral range.
Comparison of two high frequency converters for capacitive power transfer (2014)

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) method has been proposed recently as an alternative to inductive power transfer (IPT) for wireless/contactless power transfer. Unlike IPT, which uses magnetic fields as medium for power transfer, CPT is based on electric field coupling. Power transfer using CPT offers significant advantages such as low standing power loss, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), and the ability to transfer power through metal objects, etc. However, due to the very low permittivity of the air, the effective coupling capacitance between the primary and the secondary pick-up is very small (only at picofarads to nanofarads level), which limits the maximum power capability that a CPT system can achieve. To overcome such a limitation, high frequency operation is desirable to increase the power transfer capability with a given coupling condition. With fast development of power electronics over the past decades it is possible to increase the operating frequency from kHz to MHz level without compromising much on power efficiency of the system. This paper presents a comparison between two converters which are suitable for high frequency operation of CPT systems. One is an autonomous current-fed push-pull converter, and the other is a class E converter. Both converters can achieve MHz level frequency operation, but their operating principles are different. The key features of these two converters are summarized in this research, and the performance of CPT systems based on both converters are analyzed and evaluated.
Online Identification of Tor Anonymous Communication Traffic (2014)

匿名通信技术的滥用给网络监管带来了新的挑战.有效识别出匿名通信流量,是阻止该类技术滥用的前提,具有重要的研究意义和应用价值.现有研究工作侧重于匿名通信关系的确认,无法用于匿名通信流量的识别和阻塞.针对这个问题,围绕广泛使用的Tor匿名通信系统,深入分析运行机制,归纳总结其流量特征.在此基础上,分别提出基于TLS指纹和基于报文长度分布的Tor匿名通信流量识别方法.对两种识别方法的优缺点和适用性进行了详细分析和讨论,并通过CAIDA数据集和在线部署对识别方法进行了验证.实验结果表明,基于TLS指纹和基于报文长度分布的识别方法均能有效识别出Tor匿名通信流量.
Sustained Perchlorate Degradation in an Autotrophic, Gas-Phase, Packed-Bed Bioreactor (2000)

An autotrophic packed-bed biofilm reactor was operated in unsaturated-flow mode and continuously fed water containing perchlorate (ClO4-) (as an electron acceptor) and a gas mixture of hydrogen (5%) and carbon dioxide. The reactor was inoculated with a perchlorate-reducing, hydrogen-oxidizing autotrophic bacterial consortium and run for 10 days at a perchlorate feed concentration of 50 mg/L to build up biofilm on the reactor packing. The reactor feed was then switched to a lower influent perchlorate concentration of 740 μg/L. Over a 140-day period at a constant hydraulic loading rate of 0.45 cm/min, 38 ± 9% of the perchlorate was removed in the reactor at detention times of 1.1−1.3 min producing an average removal rate of perchlorate of 230 μg L-1 min-1. To study in more detail perchlorate degradation kinetics, a hydrogen-oxidizing microorganism (Dechlorimonas sp. JM) was isolated from the bacterial consortium. Batch kinetic tests indicated hydrogen and perchlorate half-saturation constants of KH = 0.036 ± 0.014 mM H2(l) and KP = 0.15 ± 0.06 mM, respectively. The high perchlorate degradation rates and long-term performance of this system demonstrate the feasibility of this novel unsaturated hydrogen gas-phase fixed-film bioreactor for treatment of perchlorate-contaminated water.
CD26 expression and adenosine deaminase activity in regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4<sup>+</sup>T effector cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is responsible for the deamination of immunosuppressive adenosine to inosine. In human T lymphocytes, ADA is associated with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26). ADA expression and activity were evaluated in regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4(+) T effector cells (Teff) of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD39(neg) T cells were isolated by single-cell sorting from the peripheral blood of 15 HNSCC patients and 15 healthy donors (NC). CD26/ADA expression in these cells was studied by multicolor flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues. ADA activity was evaluated by mass spectrometry, suppression of Teff proliferation in CFSE assays and cytokine production by Luminex. CD4(+)CD39(+) Treg had low and CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff high CD26/ADA expression and ADA activity in NC or HNSCC. The frequency and suppressor activity of CD39(+)CD26(neg) Treg were elevated in patients relative to NC (p < 0.01). However, ADA activity in patients' CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff was decreased (p < 0.05), resulting in extracellular adenosine accumulation. Also, patients' Teff were more sensitive to inhibitory signals delivered via adenosine receptors. IL-2, IL12 and INFγ upregulated ADA expression and activity in CD4(+)CD39(neg) Teff, whereas IL-10, PGE(2) and CADO downregulated it. The differentially expressed CD26/ADA can serve as surface markers for functionally-active CD39(+)CD26(neg) Treg.
Spatio-temporal Person Retrieval via Natural Language Queries (2017)

In this paper, we address the problem of spatio-temporal person retrieval from multiple videos using a natural language query, in which we output a tube (i.e., a sequence of bounding boxes) which encloses the person described by the query. For this problem, we introduce a novel dataset consisting of videos containing people annotated with bounding boxes for each second and with five natural language descriptions. To retrieve the tube of the person described by a given natural language query, we design a model that combines methods for spatio-temporal human detection and multimodal retrieval. We conduct comprehensive experiments to compare a variety of tube and text representations and multimodal retrieval methods, and present a strong baseline in this task as well as demonstrate the efficacy of our tube representation and multimodal feature embedding technique. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of our model by applying it to two other important tasks.
Allosteric Modification of Oxygen Delivery by Hemoglobin (2001)

Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is altered by pH, temperature, and high altitude, making oxygen more readily available to the tissues. RSR13 (Allos Therapeutics, Denver, CO), an analog of the drugs clofibrate and bezofibrate, causes a dose-dependent, rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve in animals and humans. We tested the safety, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetics of RSR13, an allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, in patients having general surgery in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation clinical trial. After the induction of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, 26 patients who consented were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of RSR13 or placebo (2:1) in an ascending dose scheme. Doses studied were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, and 100 mg/kg infused for 30–60 minutes. Samples were taken for determination of RSR13 concentration in plasma, red blood cells, and urine, as well as for determination of the p50 in blood by using three-point tonometry at frequent intervals after the infusion of the study drug. The RSR13 administration resulted in a dose-dependent rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve, with the target p50 shift of 10 mm Hg achieved at the 75- and 100-mg/kg doses. No differences were seen between RSR13 and placebo groups in laboratory or hemodynamic findings, with the exception of a transient, limited increase in serum creatinine in 3 patients who received RSR13. These increases peaked at 48 h (2.2, 3.5, and 4.5 mg/dL respectively), were not associated with oliguria, did not require treatment, and did not prolong hospitalization in any patient. The reasons for the unexplained increases in serum creatinine were not evident, but potentially included surgery itself (nephrectomy), patient condition, or the concomitant administration of renally cleared medications or drugs that affect renal blood flow.
Low cost and compact active integrated antenna transceiver for system applications (1996)

Integrated and active antennas incorporate component functions directly at the antenna terminals thereby reducing the size, weight, and cost of many microwave systems. Active integrated antennas have been used for distributed oscillators in spatial and quasi-optical power combining arrays, but the concept can be extended to include such applications as Doppler sensors, radars, and wireless communications to produce compact, low-cost products. In this paper, we report that a field-effect transistor (FET) and a Schottky mixer diode have been integrated within an inverted patch antenna for transceiver applications. The position of the mixer diode on the patch was optimized to achieve a minimum conversion loss. Preliminary results exhibit a 5.5 dB isotropic mixer conversion loss at 6 GHz for a 200 MHz intermediate frequency. The FET serves as both the transmitter and the local oscillator at 5.8 GHz. A two-way communication system using these transceivers is proposed.
Influence of Guanyl Nucleotides on Parathyroid Hormone- Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Renal Cortical Membranes* (1978)

The interaction of three guanyl nucleotides with parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in canine renal cortical membranes was assessed. Results seen after mixing various proportions of the naturally occurring nucleotide GTP, and the nucleotide analogs 5′ -guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) and 5′ -guanylyl methylene diphosphonate (Gpp(CH2)p) suggest that the compounds share a common locus of action, probably distal to the hormonereceptor interaction. The nucleotide (Gpp(NH)p) exerted a marked influence on a variety of synthetic analogs of PTH, increasing the apparent affinity of all PTH derivatives tested and the intrinsic activity of all partial agonists. Most notably the potency of the NH2- terminal tetratriacontapeptide of bovine PTH (bPTH), which in assays using dog renal membranes is only 20% that of the native hormone, increased to 100% when assayed with the nucleotide, and the hormone analog (desamino-Ala-l)-bPTH-(1–34), shown to be active in vivo but inert in in vitro adenylyl cyclase assays in the absence of the nucleotide, was demonstrated to be a partial agonist in its presence. The analog bPTH-(1–26), previously found to be inert, was shown to be a partial agonist in the sensitive canine renal adenylyl cyclase assay even in the absence of added nucleotide, but was virtually a full agonist in the presence of added Gpp(NH)p. The results suggest the value of further studies employing the guanyl nucleotide to determine the potential role of GTP in hormone action in vivo and for more effective use of the in vitro adenylyl cyclase assay to examine the potency of hormone analogs.
Experimental comparison of state-of-the-art methods for digital optimum filter synthesis with arbitrary constraints and noise (2005)

We present the experimental application and comparison of two methods for the synthesis of digital filters, which represent the state-of-the-art of optimum digital processing of shaped signals with arbitrary constraints in time and frequency domain, and any kind of stationary noise power spectral density. The methods are implemented in experimental measurement setups, and optimum filters are synthesized with regard to assigned constraints (e.g., finite duration, flat top, peaking time, zero area, etc.) and by taking into account the real environmental noise or disturbance present in the system, identified from datasets of simple signal experimental acquisitions. Implementation issues are detailed and basic design rules for digital signal processors based on these techniques are derived.
Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia (2006)

Sildenafil causes pulmonary vasodilation, thus potentially reducing impairments of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension on exercise performance at altitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sildenafil during normoxic and hypoxic exercise. We hypothesized that 1) sildenafil would have no significant effects on normoxic exercise, and 2) sildenafil would improve cardiac output, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and performance during hypoxic exercise. Ten trained men performed one practice and three experimental trials at sea level (SL) and simulated high altitude (HA) of 3,874 m. Each cycling test consisted of a set-work-rate portion (55% work capacity: 1 h SL, 30 min HA) followed immediately by a time trial (10 km SL, 6 km HA). Double-blinded capsules (placebo, 50, or 100 mg) were taken 1 h before exercise in a randomly counterbalanced order. For HA, subjects also began breathing hypoxic gas (12.8% oxygen) 1 h before exercise. At SL, sildenafil had no effects on any cardiovascular or performance measures. At HA, sildenafil increased stroke volume (measured by impedance cardiography), cardiac output, and SaO2 during set-work-rate exercise. Sildenafil lowered 6-km time-trial time by 15% (P<0.05). SaO2 was also higher during the time trial (P<0.05) in response to sildenafil, despite higher work rates. Post hoc analyses revealed two subject groups, sildenafil responders and nonresponders, who improved time-trial performance by 39% (P<0.05) and 1.0%, respectively. No dose-response effects were observed. During cycling exercise in acute hypoxia, sildenafil can greatly improve cardiovascular function, SaO2, and performance for certain individuals.
Rapid Manufacturing in Biomedical Materials: Using Subtractive Rapid Prototyping for Bone Replacement (2008)

This paper presents methods for the rapid manufacturing of replacement bone fragments using a Subtractive Rapid Prototyping process called CNC-RP. The geometry of segmental defects in bone, resulting from traumatic injury or cancerous tumor resection, can be reverse-engineered working from medical images (such as CT scans), and then accurate defect fillers can be automatically generated in advanced synthetic biomaterials and other bioactive/biocompatible materials. The research provides evidence that suitable bone geometries can be created using subtractive RP from a variety of materials including Trabecular Metal® (porous tantalum), polymers, ceramics, and actual bone allografts. The research has implications in the orthopaedic treatment of segmental bone defects, as custom prototyped bone fillers should aid in bone growth and improve recovery.