gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bi/In as patterning and masking layers for alkaline-base Si anisotropic etching (2003)

A new resist for alkaline-based silicon anisotropic etching process has been developed. Bismuth over Indium films, 30 nm to 90 nm thick for each layer, were DC-sputtered on silicon substrates, and were used as a thermally activated photoresist on which patterns were generated using focused Argon laser beam. Both physical and chemical properties of the bimetallic film changed after the laser exposure. Unlike normal organic photoresist, Bi/In is laser wavelength invariant as it is a thermal processes. The laser exposed patterns were developed in diluted RCA2 solution that selectively removed the unexposed area and retained the exposed. The developed Bi/In patterns acted as an etching mask for the subsequent alkaline-based silicon anisotropic etch at 85°C. It was found that the developed Bi/In has a lower etch rate than that of SiO<sub>2</sub> in the etching solutions, making it a potential masking material for silicon bulk micromachining process. Solar cells with V-groove surface textures were manufactured to show the compatibility of Bi/In with conventional processes.
<strong>A portable image-based cytometer for rapid malaria detection and quantification</strong> (2017)

Malaria remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases around the globe, infecting 200 million people and resulting in over half a million deaths every year. Increasing resistance by malaria parasites to currently used antimalarials across the developing world requires timely detection and classification so that appropriate drug combinations can be administered before clinical complications arise. Here, we developed a simple, inexpensive and portable image-based cytometer that detects and numerically counts the malaria infected red blood cells (iRBCs) from Giemsa-stained smears. The developed cytometer is able to classify parasitic subpopulations based on the quantification of the area occupied by the parasites within iRBCs and demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity in calculating the parasitemia irrespective of its developmental stage. Moreover, selected antimalarials were tested using our image-based cytometer in comparison to commercial flow cytometer, which demonstrated comparable and matching results with the previously published results. Collectively, these results highlight the possibility to use our portable image-based cytometer as a field-deployable tool for cheap, rapid and accurate malaria diagnosis and antimalarial testing without compromising on the efficiency.
<title>Optical components in polymers</title> (1995)

Samples of PMMA [Poly-(Methyl-Meth-Acrylate)] were modified by ionizing radiation (especially UV-radiation) in order to generate regions of increased refractive index. These waveguiding structures were used to build optical power splitters and optical polarizers simply by varying the exposure time. The refractive index profile and the variation in thickness of the waveguides for different exposure times were observed. Also the cut-off- wavelength and the spectral absorption behavior for different exposure times were measured. The compaction at the surface was used to build up diffraction gratings with grating constants of 4 micrometer to 20 micrometer. By annealing the samples the diffraction efficiency was increased.
How to Maintain High Producing Efficiency in Sucker Rod Lift Operations (2003)

Abstract Throughout the world the most commonly used method to artificially produce wells is by sucker rod lift. Low producing efficiency caused by incomplete pump fillage is the most common operational problem experienced by sucker rod lifted wells. Incomplete pump fillage is the result of having a pump capacity that exceeds the production rate of the well or having poor gas separation at the pump intake with a portion of the pump displacement being lost to gas interference. More efficient operations and lower cost will result, if these wells are operated with the pump filled with liquid by eliminating any gas interference in the pump and controlling pump run time so the pump displacement will match the inflow of liquid from the reservoir into the wellbore. The operator must monitor well to insure that the pump has no mechanical problems and efficient operations are maintained as all the available liquid is produced from the wellbore.
<i>In vivo</i> behavior of poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate) and copolymers of 1,3‐trimethylene carbonate with <scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide or ϵ‐caprolactone: Degradation and tissue response (2003)

The degradation and the tissue response evoked by poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) [poly(TMC)] and copolymers of TMC with either 52 mol % D,L-lactide (DLLA) or 89 mol % epsilon-caprolactone (CL) were evaluated in vivo by subcutaneous implantation of polymer films in rats for periods up to one year. Poly(TMC) specimens were extensively degraded after 3 weeks and, as confirmed by histology, totally resorbed in less than a year. A fast linear decrease in thickness and mass without a change in molecular weight was observed. Initially an acute sterile inflammatory tissue reaction, caused by the implantation procedure, was observed, followed by a mild macrophage-mediated foreign body reaction that lasted during the resorption period of the polymer. It is concluded that in vivo, poly(TMC) is degraded via surface erosion involving cellular-mediated processes. The degradation of the copolymers was slower than that of poly(TMC), taking place via autocatalyzed bulk hydrolysis, preferentially of ester bonds. The TMC-DLLA copolymer degraded 20 times faster than the TMC-CL one. In both cases, the tissue reaction upon implantation resembled a sterile inflammatory reaction followed by a foreign body reaction that led to the polymer encapsulation. Significant mass loss was only observed for the TMC-DLLA copolymer, which underwent 96% mass loss in 1 year. When extensive mass loss started, a mild-to-moderate secondary foreign body reaction, related to clearance of the polymer fragments, was triggered. The results presented in this study demonstrate that poly(TMC) and both TMC copolymers are biodegradable and biocompatible materials, making these polymers attractive for the preparation of short- and long-term degradable devices for soft tissue engineering.
Cell surface antigen expression in newborn cord blood lymphocytes infected with HTLV. (1983)

Human T cell lymphocyte lines, established from lymphoid tissues from patients with adult T cell malignancies infected with the human T cell lymphoma virus (HTLV), were used in co-culture experiments to infect newborn cord blood lymphocytes (CBL). The infected and non-infected CBL cell lines were typed for HLA alloantigen determinants and tested for cell surface antigens using selected monoclonal antibodies. Infected cord blood lymphocytes showed inappropriate expression of alloantigenic determinants of the HLA-A and -B alleles. The monoclonal antibody 4D12, detecting an antigen common to the HLA-B5 cross-reactive group, was reactive with all infected cultures; this determinant appeared de novo in CBL cells lacking B5 cross-reactive group antigens in the uninfected state, and it increased in density in the infected cultures where the HLA-B5 cross-reactive alloantigens were present in uninfected CBL. HLA-DR was expressed in low levels or not detected on non-infected cultured cord blood lymphocytes and was present on all infected cells. OKT4 positive cells predominated in infected cultures, whereas OKT8 positive cells decreased in number or were absent. The TCGF receptor also increased both in density and in percent positive cells in all infected cell lines. The results suggest that HTLV may be tropic for a subset of T cells expressing mature T cell markers and that viral infections directly affect expression of cell surface antigens controlled by the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Toward a neuromorphic microphone (2015)

Neuromorphic systems are used in variety of circumstances: as parts of sensory systems, for modeling parts of neural systems and for analog signal processing. In the sensory processing domain, neuromorphic systems can be considered in three parts: pre-transduction processing, transduction itself, and post-transduction processing. Neuromorphic systems include transducers for light, odors, and touch but so far neuromorphic applications in the sound domain have used standard microphones for transduction. We discuss why this is the case and describe what research has been done on neuromorphic approaches to transduction. We make a case for a change of direction toward systems where sound transduction itself has a neuromorphic component.
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of functional SAGA complex (2007)

We conclude that truncation of Spt7 occurs early in the biosynthesis of distinct Spt7 containing complexes rather than being a dynamic process linked to the action of the SAGA complex in transcriptional regulation.
Simplified and Adaptive Prediction Algorithm of Time-varying Wideband Channels (2006)

We propose a simplified minimum mean-square error channel prediction of time-varying wideband channels in this paper. Channel prediction is very useful for adaptive modulation, if the delayed channel state information feedback is considered. We summarize MMSE prediction which makes full use of the time- and frequency-domain, and present a more simply algorithm than traditional MMSE prediction in this paper. Furthermore, we apply an adaptive filter algorithm into channel prediction without any channel statistic information
Structural characterization of thin film ferromagnetic tunnel junctions (1998)

Tunnel junctions comprised of two magnetic metal layers separated by a thin insulating oxide layer have been prepared by reactive sputtering onto thermally oxidized (100) silicon wafers at room temperature. The magnetic layers (thicknesses ∼30–50 nm) consisted of thin films of Co, Fe, and/or CoFe and the oxide barriers (thicknesses in the range 2–10 nm) included CoO, MgO, HfO2, and SiO2. The barriers were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from pure metal sources in mixed oxygen–argon atmospheres or by rf sputtering from oxide targets. Transmission electron microscopy in the cross-sectional geometry was used in this study to characterize the tunnel junction microstructure. Barriers of CoO and MgO were invariably polycrystalline with many crystallites extending across the entire barrier thickness, whereas barriers of SiO2 and HfO2 appeared to be amorphous. Although grain boundary diffusion has been proposed as a possible mechanism for providing shorts or “pinholes” between the magnetic electrodes, it was significant that both HfO2 (amorphous) and MgO (polycrystalline) showed high magnetoresistive response at low temperature.
Energetics of multilayered carbon tubules (1993)

We study the structure of nested multilayered systems composed of two infinite carbon tubules via density functional theory. The calculated intertubule distance is 3.39 \AA{}, comparable to the recent measurement of 3.4 \AA{}. In such a system, the energy gained by adding a new cylindrical layer around a central one is estimted to be 80% of the graphite dilayer binding energy. Low translation and rotation barriers suggest that carbon tubules of limited length could easily slide into or out of each other and rotate along the cylindrical axis. Comparison with graphite an hyperfullerenes is proposed.
Securing varieties of file systems (2004)

In this paper, I describe the different ways to security different storage media. Important is not just the security of data in frequent use, but also data that is no longer needed. Regardless of media or system, information security should always be applied in layers so that any one system won't be compromised when falling into the wrong hands.
Promoting Bone Growth (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased renal expression and urinary excretion of <scp>TLR</scp>4 in acute kidney injury associated with cirrhosis (2012)

The data provide proof of concept that renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis with superimposed inflammation is associated with significant tubular injury and apoptosis and with increased renal expression and urinary excretion of the TLR4, suggesting a potential role of TLR4 as mediator of renal injury.
L1 rotation averaging using the Weiszfeld algorithm (2011)

We consider the problem of rotation averaging under the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm. This problem is related to the classic Fermat-Weber problem for finding the geometric median of a set of points in IR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . We apply the classical Weiszfeld algorithm to this problem, adapting it iteratively in tangent spaces of SO(3) to obtain a provably convergent algorithm for finding the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> mean. This results in an extremely simple and rapid averaging algorithm, without the need for line search. The choice of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> mean (also called geometric median) is motivated by its greater robustness compared with rotation averaging under the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm (the usual averaging process). We apply this problem to both single-rotation averaging (under which the algorithm provably finds the global L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> optimum) and multiple rotation averaging (for which no such proof exists). The algorithm is demonstrated to give markedly improved results, compared with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> averaging. We achieve a median rotation error of 0.82 degrees on the 595 images of the Notre Dame image set.
Taxonomy of Image File Formats (2013)

Professionals, practitioners, students, and novice users are overwhelmed with the different image file formats. This paper, proposes taxonomy for image file formats after reviewing 82 different image file formats based on the following attributes: raster/vector, compression, number of dimensions represented in the image. Still, these attributes are not mutually exclusive, which leads to more than 20 different classifications shown in the last section of this paper. This research paper is divided into five sections, the first four sections study raster, vector, 3D vector, and stereo formats. The last section shows the findings.
cDNA Cloning of a Novel WD Repeat Protein Mapping to the 9q22.3 Chromosomal Region (1996)

To identify expressed sequences from the candidate genomic region of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (9q22.3), the CpG island rescue PCR methodology was employed on the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) ICI-8AD8 that contains microsatellite marker D9S180. A positive clone (IR10, size 350 bp) was isolated by screening a human epidermal cDNA library with the island rescue PCR products and mapped back to the 9q22.3 region. To obtain additional sequence information from IR10, the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methodology was employed. Within the longest IR10 RACE product, two segments having similarities with coronin, a G-like and actin-binding protein of Dictyostelium discoideum, as well as with p57, a recently cloned human actin-binding protein, were revealed. In fact, these two segments have properties of typical exons, suggesting that the RACE products and clone IR10 represent unspliced pre-mRNAs. Using the RACE methodology with primers originating from these two exons, it was shown that they splice together and the sequences corresponding to the processed IR10 mRNA were revealed. This mRNA maps back to 9q22.3 and furthermore was found to code for a novel protein composed of 525 amino acids and containing five WD repeats. The presence of the WD repeat motif, considered to function in protein-protein interactions, implies that the new protein might have a role in intracellular signaling. Moreover, Northern analysis indicated that, in addition to epidermis, the brain is a tissue with relatively high levels of expression of this gene. Finally, Southern analysis showed a functional conservation of the WD repeat protein in various species.
Ultrasonic transducers and arrays (1996)

Ultrasonic imaging is one of the most important and still growing diagnostic tools in use today. To better understand transducer/array performance and some of the factors that prevent ultrasonic imagers from reaching higher resolution, this article reviews past achievements and current developments in the technology, including piezoelectric materials, transducer/array fabrication and design, and modeling. It is concluded that the array or transducer is a crucial part of an ultrasonic imaging system. Although much progress has been made in recent years to improve performance, it is still a limiting factor in preventing ultrasonic imaging systems from reaching their theoretical resolution. Investigations into novel piezoelectric materials, array stack architecture design, and modeling are being pursued. In the future, it is likely that multidimensional arrays will gradually replace linear arrays as the industry standard.
All‐Printed, Stretchable Zn‐Ag<sub>2</sub>O Rechargeable Battery via Hyperelastic Binder for Self‐Powering Wearable Electronics (2016)

While several stretchable batteries utilizing either deterministic or random composite architectures have been described, none have been fabricated using inexpensive printing technologies. In this study, the authors printed a highly stretchable, zinc‐silver oxide (Zn‐Ag 2 O) battery by incorporating polystyrene‐ block ‐polyisoprene‐ block ‐polystyrene (SIS) as a hyperelastic binder for custom‐made printable inks. The remarkable mechanical properties of the SIS binder lead to an all‐printed, stretchable Zn‐Ag 2 O rechargeable battery with a ≈2.5 mA h cm −2 reversible capacity density even after multiple iterations of 100% stretching. This battery offers the highest reversible capacity and discharge current density for intrinsically stretchable batteries reported to date. The electrochemical and mechanical properties are characterized under different strain conditions. The new stress‐enduring printable inks pave ways for further developing stretchable electronics for the wide range of wearable applications.
Association study between the TNXB locus and schizophrenia in a Japanese population (2006)

The chromosome 6p21-24 region, which contains the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, has been suggested as an important locus for a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Recently, a significant association between schizophrenia and the TNXB locus, located immediately telomeric of the NOTCH4 locus in the HLA region, was observed. Few studies have further investigated the region in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the region in a Japanese population. Subjects included 241 patients with schizophrenia and 290 controls. Twenty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the corresponding haplotypes were analyzed. As a result, exactly the same SNPs in the TNXB locus (rs1009382 and rs204887) as in the previous study were associated with schizophrenia (P = 0.034 and 0.034, respectively, uncorrected). A SNP (rs2071287) in the NOTCH4 locus and haplotype around it were also suggested to associate with the disease, consistent with another previous study (P = 0.041 and permutation P = 0.024, respectively, uncorrected). Although these associations became insignificant after Bonferroni correction, the findings might provide support for the association of the TNXB locus or its adjacent region of the NOTCH4 locus with schizophrenia.
A new data compression algorithm for power quality online monitoring (2009)

The increasing application of power quality data acquisition devices produces large amount of data that should be compressed. The paper investigates the characteristics of power quality data and delta modulation technique, and it proposes a lossless power data compression algorithm based on high-order delta modulation. The compression algorithm carries on multiple differential operations on power quality data, so it could reduce the magnitude of data and requires fewer bits for coding. The proposed algorithm has high compression ratio and little computation requirements. Furthermore, it is suitable for dealing with the power quality data measured at high sampling frequency, and it can work well with traditional compression methods such as Huffman coding. Simulations for several kinds of power quality data confirm its effectiveness and advantages over traditional Huffman coding method.
Modeling Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth's Surface. Part II: Model and Instrument Comparison (1995)

High-resolution measurements in the spectral region of 280–400 nm using a double monochromator are compared with detailed radiative transfer calculations at Reading, United Kingdom (52°N, 0°), for clear and totally overcast days, using aerosol and cloud information deduced from empirical methods. For clear skies, instrument and model agree well in the UVA (320–400 nm), but agreement is worse in the UVB (280–320 nm). A number of possible reasons for the discrepancies are explored. Volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere of the model are found to improve agreement between the model and the instrument for high solar zenith angles by increasing the model UVB irradiances by as much as 6%. Convolving the model surface irradiances with the bandpass of the instrument leads to smaller differences between instrument and model at short wavelengths and also reduces the noisiness of the difference. When the model included stratospheric aerosol and the instrument's bandpass function, UVB irradiances within 10% of the measured irradiances could be produced by the model for clear skies. For cloudy conditions, differences between instrument and model are larger, reaching 20%, integrated over the UVB.