gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic inhibition of platelet vWF-GPIbα interaction prevents coronary artery thrombosis (2006)

Summary Under high shear arterial blood flow von Willebrand Factor (vWF) binds the platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, leading to platelet adhesion, activation and thrombosis. Blockade of vWF-GPIbα interactions by GPG-290 was investigated in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis alone and in combination with clopidogrel. GPG-290 (100 µg/kg, n=6; 500 µg/kg, n=6) prolonged time to thrombotic occlusion (TTO) to 105±34 and 156±23 (p<0.05) min, respectively compared to the saline treated control group (32±6min, n=6). Patency of the injured vessel was sustained in 1/6 (100µg/kg) and 3/6 vessels (500 µg/kg) 4 hours after injury, in contrast to 0/6 in the control group. There was an increase in bleeding after the 500 µg/kg dose, but only at the 1 hr time point. Clopidogrel was studied in two dosing regimens representing either a clinical pretreatment regimen (PTR) of 4.3 mg/kg on day –2 followed by 1.1 mg/kg daily for2 days prior to the procedure or pre-procedural loading dose regimen (LDR) of 4.3 mg/kg 3 hr pre-procedure. The PTR and LDR clopidogrel treatments prolonged TTO to 98.2±30.0 min and 136.1±39.5 min (p<0.05), and sustained patency in 1/6 and 4/8 vessels, respectively. However, template bleeding time in the LDR clopidogrel group was sustained higher than the control group. The combination of PTR clopidogrel and GPG-290 (100 µg/kg) prolonged TTO equivalent to LDR clopidogrel alone (141.4±35.1 min) and sustained patency in 3/7 dogs, without increased bleeding while LDR clopidogrel combined with 100 µg/kg GPG-290 prevented occlusion in 5/8 dogs and further prolonged TTO (173.5±32.6 min) but was associated with increased bleeding compared to control. GPG-290 is an antithrombotic agent that may be combined with lower doses of clopidogrel to yield similar antithrombotic efficacy as higher loading doses.
Specific conditions for Ni catalyzed carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition (1995)

Chemical vapor deposition using 2-methyl-1,2′-naphthyl ketone as a starting material has been done between 1000 and 600 °C on Ni particles with diameters ranging from 10 to 500 nm. The Ni particles were prepared by annealing Ni thin film deposited on quartz glass substrates. The size of the Ni particle was controlled by the thickness of the Ni film. Carbon nanotubes were obtained at 700 °C when the diameter of the Ni particles was about 20–30 nm.
Review: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle injection for cancer therapy: The evolving role of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (2008)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is central to the diagnosis and staging of many malignancies, but now has an evolving role in cancer therapy. EUS-guided fine needle injection (FNI) is already used for palliative interventions such as treatment of pain through nerve blockade and to guide biliary decompression when conventional ERCP is not possible. More recently, EUS-FNI has been used to deliver specific anti-tumor agents for pancreatic cyst ablation and local control of tumor growth in patients with unresectable solid malignancies. The agents used to date include ethanol, brachytherapy seeds, and chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel. In addition, FNI of new immunomodulating cell cultures such as mixed lymphocyte and dendritic cell cultures has also been reported, as has FNI of several different viral vectors for antitumor therapy. Although experience with these agents remains preliminary, EUS-FNI is a minimally invasive approach to deliver local antitumor agents, and is likely to have an expanding role in cancer therapy.
Oxidation studies of fluorine containing diamond films (1991)

The thermogravimetric method is used to study the oxidation properties of plasma grown diamond films both with and without fluorine. The oxidation experiments occur over a temperature range of 600–800 °C in pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Diamond films with fluorine are found more resistant (by a factor of 4 at 700 °C) to oxidation. The activation energy for oxidation, however, is a factor of at least 2.3 lower for fluorinated diamond films. Consequently, it is postulated that oxidation mechanisms for diamond films are quite different depending upon the fluorine content. Oxidation on nonfluorinated diamond films seem to proceed as a rate-limited reaction while the oxidation of fluorinated films seems to be a diffusion limited reaction. Oxidation rates are also found to depend weakly on film density, crystal texture, and phase composition of the diamond films.
An object-oriented expert system for power system alarm processing and fault identification (2002)

Alarm processing is a traditional feature of energy management systems (EMS) and has not changed significantly over several generations of SCADA design. However recent applications of artificial intelligence have dramatically altered the methods of handling this information. This paper describes two parts of a project carried out at the University of Dundee for Scottish Hydro-Electric plc (HE) on the use of an artificial intelligence system for alarm processing and fault diagnosis. The first part of the project was an overview and comparison study of three real-time object-oriented toolkits: Muse, Kappa and Nexpert Object. The study is based on the capabilities of such toolkits to handle the power system alarm processing integration with external programs and real-time databases, portability, price and execution speed. Some advantages and drawbacks of each toolkit are also pointed out. The second part of the project was the implementation of an object-oriented expert system using the KappaPC toolkit operating on a 486 IBM compatible PC under Microsoft Windows 3.1. The structure of the object-oriented expert system captures the heuristic knowledge used for power system operation. The knowledge-base is automatically updated by the existing SCADA system as the power system status changes. The paper also describes the features of the real-time object-oriented expert system which includes the need for fast deep-level reasoning, easy maintainability of the object-oriented programming and the end user's interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Alkyne Oxidation/Cyclopropanation of 1,6‐Enynes (2014)

A highly enantioselective oxidative cyclopropanation of 1,6-enynes catalyzed by cationic Au(I)/chiral phophoramidite complexes is presented. The new method provides convenient access to densely functionalized bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes bearing three contiguous quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers with high enantioselectivity (up to e.r. 98:2). Control experiments suggest that the quinoline moiety of the β-gold vinyloxyquinolinium intermediate in the reaction plays an important role in promoting good enantioselectivity through a transitional auxiliary effect in the transition state.
A Novel Ion Source and Detector for a Miniature Mass Spectrometer (2007)

Due to its flexibility and sensitivity, mass spectrometry is a preferred sensing method for applications ranging from explosives detection to air quality monitoring. The key functional elements of a mass spectrometer are ionization, mass separation, and ion detection. This work describes the development of two enabling technologies for the realization of a miniature mass spectrometer -an on-chip electron impact ion source and a micro Faraday cup array for ion detection. The small, power efficient ion source based on field emission of carbon nanotubes is the first reported lateral on-chip ion source using a cold cathode. The detector array is a linear array of Faraday cups created with a novel fabrication process that allows for much shorter cup spacing than previously achieved. When combined with a static magnetic field for ion separation, these components will enable a miniature, power efficient mass spectrometer.
Intelligent Calendar Applications: A Holistic Framework based on Ontologies (2016)

With the term ‘Intelligent Calendar Application’ we refer to traditional electronic calendars empowered with scheduling engines and rich information about events, in order to be able to automatically schedule the events in time and space. The additional event-related information that is necessary to automate the scheduling process includes temporal domain, duration range, feasible locations, constraints and preferences over the way the events are scheduled, etc. Asking the user to provide all this information for each event would render intelligent calendars less attractive compared to traditional calendars. In order to overcome this limitation, we have recently proposed the use of general ontologies to describe any kind of everyday human activity. In this article we extend our work in three ways: (a) by extending the general ontologies with domain ontologies, particularly, an ontology to describe activities related with participating in scientific conferences; (b) by integrating these ontologies within a deployed intelligent calendar application; and (c) by developing a module to automatically extract ontological activity descriptions from web pages of scientific conferences. In this way, we propose a holistic framework concerning the integration of ontologies within intelligent calendar applications, comprising information modelling, gathering and integration.
Magnetic resonance imaging provides new insights into the characterization of adipose and lean tissue distribution (1996)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a major advance in the study of human body composition and nutritional status. Measurement of whole body and regional adipose tissue (AT) distribution, quantification of lean tissue (LT) and its principal constituent skeletal muscle, and the assessment of visceral AT are among the advantages made possible by MRI. Indeed, the ability to quantify visceral AT has provided the researcher with significant insight into the complex relationships between body composition and health risk. Because there are no known health risks associated with MRI, this methodology is well suited for studying the effects of various nutritional perturbations on both AT and LT, in particular visceral AT and skeletal muscle. An overview of the historical development and current status of MRI within the context of body composition research is provided. Validation studies are reviewed, and new insights into the nature of AT and LT distribution in both sexes and the effects of weight loss on these same parameters are presented. Finally, directions for future MRI research are suggested.
Guideline implementation results in a decrease of pressure ulcer incidence in critically ill patients* (2007)

The implementation of a guideline for pressure ulcer care resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in the development of grade II-IV pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. Timely transfer to a specific mattress (i.e., transfer before the occurrence of a pressure ulcer) was the main indicator for a decrease in pressure ulcer development.
Preparation of hydroxyl-functionalized SEBS for in situ graft reaction compatibilizing agents (1997)

An hydroxyl-functionalized SEBS was obtained when maleated SEBS was reacted with a low molecular weight compound, 3-amine-1-propanol (AMP), in toluene solution. The higher nucleophilicity of the primary amine in the AMP favored the imide formation with negligible self-crosslinking in the SEBS. The SMA was used to probe the graft compatibilization reaction with the hydroxyl-functionalized SEBS. Analogue monomer reactions were made to investigate the mechanisms of the reaction products in the monomer-polymer and polymer-polymer reactions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2519–2528, 1997
WDM Transmission of 3×1.12-Tb/s PDM-16QAM Superchannels with 6.5-b/s/Hz in a 162.5-GHz Flexible-Grid using only Optical Spectral Shaping (2014)

We demonstrated the transmission of 3×1.12-Tb/s superchannels (5×224-Gb/s PDM-16QAM) in 162.5-GHz flexible-grid, 6.5-b/s/Hz SE, using only optical spectral shaping, over SSMF-EDFA link. A maximum reach of 600-km with 3-ROADM passes was obtained employing nonlinear compensation.
Solid State Thermochromic Materials (2010)

Solid-state thermochromic materials undergo semiconductor to metal transitions at a ‘critical temperature’, Tc. This review begins by describing the phenomenon of thermochromism, whereby the optical properties of a material change reversibly as a result of a change in temperature. The various different types of thermochromism will be introduced with a focus on the thermochromism exhibited by solid-state materials. The fundamental chemical principles that describe the electronic structure and properties of solids, and the chronological developments in the theory behind the thermochromic transitions (such as, the effects of electron-electron interactions and structural phase changes due to lattice distortions) that led to the discovery of the semiconductor-to-metal transition, are presented. An extensive discussion of vanadium and titanium oxides is presented with a particular focus on vanadium (IV) oxide since its transition temperature is closest to room temperature. Observations and current understanding of the nature of the semiconductor-to-metal transition exhibited by these materials is detailed. The possibility of fine-tuning the transition temperature by introducing various dopants into the vanadium (IV) oxide lattice is examined and the effects of dopant charge and size is examined. Solid-state thermochromic materials may be exploited in areas such as microelectronics, data storage, or intelligent architectural glazing, thus are required to be synthesised as thin films for use in such applications. The numerous synthetic techniques (PVD, sol-gel method, PLD, CVD, APCVD and AACVD), for making metal oxide thermochromic thin films are described in reference to the production of vanadium (IV) oxide and compared. Finally rare earth nickelates exhibiting thermochromism are described.
Decision tree based Mandarin tone model and its application to speech recognition (2002)

Tone is an essential language phenomenon for Mandarin Chinese language. Until now, we still do not know exactly how context affects tone pattern variation in continuous Mandarin speech. In this paper, we proposed a decision tree based approach to obtain the quantitative result of tone pattern variation in continuous Mandarin speech. Many possible factors other than tone of neighboring syllables were taken into consideration when the decision tree was constructed, After the tree was established, 29 tone patterns were automatically obtained, and we found that syllable position in the word together with consonant/vowel type of the syllable made an important contribution to tone pattern variation in continuous utterance. We also presented a novel approach to integrate tone information into the search process at word level. Experimental results showed that the character error rate was reduced by 15.2%.
Formaldehyde replacement with glyoxylic acid in semipermanent hair straightening: a new and multidisciplinary investigation (2014)

This investigation revealed the role played by the electrophilicity of the carbonyl on the straightener agent and of the temperature, closely related to the dehydration process. Raman and IR studies indicated the involvement of imine bonds and the occurrence of a sequence of conformational modifications during the straightening procedure. SEM analyses showed the effectiveness of the treatment at the cuticular level.
Essays Catholic and Missionary. Edited by the Rev. E. R. Morgan. London: S.P.C.K., 1928. 332 pp. 8<i>s</i>. 6<i>d.</i> (1929)

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Antagonism of peripheral hepatic cannabinoid receptor-1 improves liver lipid metabolism in mice: Evidence from cultured explants (2011)

These data suggest that blocking hepatic CB1R improves both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and confirm that peripheral CB1R should be considered as a promising target to reduce cardiometabolic risk in obesity.
Neuronal Correlates of Amblyopia in the Visual Cortex of Macaque Monkeys with Experimental Strabismus and Anisometropia (1998)

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of pattern vision. After surgical creation of esotropic strabismus in the first weeks of life or after wearing -10 diopter contact lenses in one eye to simulate anisometropia during the first months of life, macaques often develop amblyopia. We studied the response properties of visual cortex neurons in six amblyopic macaques; three monkeys were anisometropic, and three were strabismic. In all monkeys, cortical binocularity was reduced. In anisometropes, the amblyopic eye influenced a relatively small proportion of cortical neurons; in strabismics, the influence of the two eyes was more nearly equal. The severity of amblyopia was related to the relative strength of the input of the amblyopic eye to the cortex only for the more seriously affected amblyopes. Measurements of the spatial frequency tuning and contrast sensitivity of cortical neurons showed few differences between the eyes for the three less severe amblyopes (two strabismic and one anisometropic). In the three more severely affected animals (one strabismic and two anisometropic), the optimal spatial frequency and spatial resolution of cortical neurons driven by the amblyopic eye were substantially and significantly lower than for neurons driven by the nonamblyopic eye. There were no reliable differences in neuronal contrast sensitivity between the eyes. A sample of neurons recorded from cortex representing the peripheral visual field showed no interocular differences, suggesting that the effects of amblyopia were more pronounced in portions of the cortex subserving foveal vision. Qualitatively, abnormalities in both the eye dominance and spatial properties of visual cortex neurons were related on a case-by-case basis to the depth of amblyopia. Quantitative analysis suggests, however, that these abnormalities alone do not explain the full range of visual deficits in amblyopia. Studies of extrastriate cortical areas may uncover further abnormalities that explain these deficits.
Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Intestinal Luminal Metabolome (2012)

Low-molecular-weight metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota play a direct role in health and disease. In this study, we analyzed the colonic luminal metabolome using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with time-of-flight (CE-TOFMS) -a novel technique for analyzing and differentially displaying metabolic profiles- in order to clarify the metabolite profiles in the intestinal lumen. CE-TOFMS identified 179 metabolites from the colonic luminal metabolome and 48 metabolites were present in significantly higher concentrations and/or incidence in the germ-free (GF) mice than in the Ex-GF mice (p < 0.05), 77 metabolites were present in significantly lower concentrations and/or incidence in the GF mice than in the Ex-GF mice (p < 0.05), and 56 metabolites showed no differences in the concentration or incidence between GF and Ex-GF mice. These indicate that intestinal microbiota highly influenced the colonic luminal metabolome and a comprehensive understanding of intestinal luminal metabolome is critical for clarifying host-intestinal bacterial interactions.
Passivity-based contour following control design with virtual plant disturbance compensation (2010)

In this paper, a passivity-based control scheme for contour following applications is developed. However, the original passive velocity field control requires an accurate dynamic model. To cope with this problem, in the proposed approach an alternative control law design based on the Lyapunov function is employed to speed up the convergence rate of velocity error. Moreover, in order to deal with the modeling uncertainty problem, this paper develops a virtual plant disturbance compensator to estimate the uncertainties due to inaccurate modeling and external disturbance. Several experiments have been conducted to compare the proposed approach with the conventional coupling approach. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitor during Viral Encephalitis (2005)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in remodeling the extracellular matrix and facilitate entry of inflammatory cells into tissues. Infection of the murine central nervous system (CNS) with a neurotropic coronavirus induces encephalitis associated with increased levels of mRNA encoding MMP-3 and MMP-12. Whereas virus-induced MMP-3 expression was restricted to CNS resident astrocytes, MMP-12 mRNA was expressed by both inflammatory cells and CNS resident cells. Immunosuppression increased both MMP-3 and MMP-12 mRNA levels in CNS resident cells, suggesting that the presence of virus rather than inflammation induced protease up-regulation. MMP activity is partially regulated by a small family of genes encoding tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs); among the TIMPs, only TIMP-1 mRNA expression increased in the CNS following coronavirus infection. During inflammation TIMP-1 mRNA was most prominently expressed by infiltrating cells. By contrast, in the immunosuppressed host TIMP-1 mRNA was expressed by CNS resident cells. Analysis of cytokine and chemokine mRNA induction within the infected CNS of healthy and immunocompromised mice suggested a possible correlation between increased viral replication and increased levels of beta interferon, MMP-3, MMP-12, and TIMP-1 mRNA. CD4+ T cells which localize to the perivascular and subarachnoid spaces were identified as the primary source of TIMP-1 protein. By contrast, protein expression was undetectable in astrocytes or CD8+ T cells, the primary antiviral effectors that localize to the CNS parenchyma in response to infection. These data suggest that in contrast to the results seen with MMPs, inhibition of protease activity via TIMP-1 expression correlates with the differential tissue distribution of T-cell subsets during acute coronavirus-induced encephalitis.
Multigigahertz lumped-element electrooptic modulators (1985)

Multigigahertz-bandwidth lumped-element optical-guided-wave Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators have been designed, fabricated in LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , tested, and analyzed. Three modulators were built having 3 dB bandwidths of 2.75, 4.4, and 7.3 GHz with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</inf> 's of 7, 14, and 28 V, respectively. A simple RLC equivalent circuit model adequately predicts the packaged modulator performance. Coupled with previously reported work, this demonstrates the ability to reliably design and fabricate lumped-element modulators which operate from dc through 7.3 GHz.
A Simple Robotic Eye-In-Hand Camera Positioning and Alignment Control Method Based on Parallelogram Features (2018)

A simple and effective method for camera positioning and alignment control for robotic pick-and-place tasks is described here. A parallelogram feature is encoded into each 3D object or target location. To determine the pose of each part and guide the robot precisely, a camera is mounted on the robot end-flange to determine and measure the location and pose of the part. The robot then adjusts the camera to align it with the located part so that it can be grasped. The overall robot control system follows a continuous look-and-move control strategy. After a position-based coarse alignment, a sequence of image-based fine alignment steps is carried out, and the part is then picked and placed by the robot arm gripper. Experimental results showed an excellent applicability of the proposed approach for pick-and-place tasks, and the overall errors were 1.2 mm for positioning and 1.0° for orientation angle.