gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on thermomechanical pulping pressate treatment using thermophilic and mesophilic sequencing batch reactors (2014)

A comparative study on the treatment of thermomechanical pulping (TMP) pressate was conducted under thermophilic (55 degrees C) and mesophilic (30 degrees C) temperatures to explore in-mill biological treatment, with the intention to operate under heat-efficient conditions. The experimental study involved sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated over 114 days. Receiving a total influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3700-4100 mg L(-1), the COD removal efficiencies of 80-90% and 75-85% were achieved for the mesophilic and thermophilic SBRs, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 and 24h. Excellent sludge settleability (sludge volume index < 100 mL g(-1) mixed liquor suspended solids) was obtained at both thermophilic and mesophilic SBRs. A higher level of effluent suspended solids was observed under thermophilic conditions. The results support the feasibility of applying thermophilic biological treatment of TMP pressate. The treated effluent has the potential for subsequent reuse as process water after polishing, thus addressing the long-standing desire to develop water system closure for the pulp and paper mill operation.
Efficient Biomimetic Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids of the Vallesiachotamine Group by a Domino Knoevenagel Hetero Diels‐Alder Hydrogenation Sequence (1997)

Abstract An efficient three‐step biomimetic synthesis of the four diastereomeric 18,19‐dihydroantirhines 4a–d starting from the tetrahydrocarboline aldehydes 5a and 5b is described. Domino reaction of the aldehydes 5a and 5b , respectively, with Meldrum's acid ( 6 ) and the enol ethers 8a and 8b in the presence of catalytic amounts of ethylenediammonium diacetate leads to the strictosidine analogues 10a–d and 11a–h , respectively, in 74–86% yield, hydrogenation of which gives mainly 15 and 16 with the skeleton of the vallesiachotamine indole alkaloids (55–86%). In addition, small amounts of 17 and 18 with the corynanthe skeleton are also formed (10–12%). Reduction of both 15 and 16 with LiAlH 4 yields the diastereomeric rac ‐18,19‐dihydroantirhines 4a–d in 78–86% yield.
Substrate Influence on the Domain Structure of (111) PZT PbTi0.75Zr0.25O3 Films (2000)

(111) lead zirconate titanate PZT films of various thicknesses 700, 500 and 300 nm on Pt electrodes have been investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The PZT crystallites were found to partition into slabs of 90° domains in all cases with domain walls oriented along 〈110〉 planes. The polarization c-axis of the domains was inclined by ≈︂35° towards the surface and tilted to the surface normal alternately by +45° or —45° for a fully poled film. The grain size was found to be ≈︂200 nm, however, the domain width w scaled with the square root of the film thickness h (w = 19 nm for h = 700 nm, w = 16 nm for h = 500 nm, w = 12 nm for h = 300 nm). Furthermore, (111) PZT films (all 700 nm thickness) have been investigated on three different substrates: For (111) PZT on (111) Pt, an average domain width of 19 nm was measured (700 nm). A mean domain width of 20 nm was detected for (111) PZT on polycrystalline IrO2 and 22 nm for (111) PZT on amorphous Al2O3 (700 nm thickness). The calculated domain width is 16 nm for a film of 500 nm thickness according to the Speck-Romanov-Pompe-Streiffer theory of elastic relaxation in ferroelectric films.
Aspects of antioxidant foods and supplements in health and disease (2009)

Free radicals generated as byproducts of normal metabolism can damage biologically relevant molecules. When their generation is increased, damage can also be increased, resulting in the development of many pathological conditions. Antioxidant defenses protect the body from the detrimental effects of free radicals. Dietary fruits and vegetables provide a reasonable amount of compounds that act as physiological antioxidants. Although existing knowledge does not allow a final and conclusive assessment of the relevance of antioxidants for health, it does provide the basis for its rational consideration. This paper addresses the specific aspects of antioxidant supplementation in health and disease.
CM-GANs: Cross-modal Generative Adversarial Networks for Common Representation Learning (2017)

It is known that the inconsistent distribution and representation of different modalities, such as image and text, cause the heterogeneity gap that makes it challenging to correlate such heterogeneous data. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown its strong ability of modeling data distribution and learning discriminative representation, existing GANs-based works mainly focus on generative problem to generate new data. We have different goal, aim to correlate heterogeneous data, by utilizing the power of GANs to model cross-modal joint distribution. Thus, we propose Cross-modal GANs to learn discriminative common representation for bridging heterogeneity gap. The main contributions are: (1) Cross-modal GANs architecture is proposed to model joint distribution over data of different modalities. The inter-modality and intra-modality correlation can be explored simultaneously in generative and discriminative models. Both of them beat each other to promote cross-modal correlation learning. (2) Cross-modal convolutional autoencoders with weight-sharing constraint are proposed to form generative model. They can not only exploit cross-modal correlation for learning common representation, but also preserve reconstruction information for capturing semantic consistency within each modality. (3) Cross-modal adversarial mechanism is proposed, which utilizes two kinds of discriminative models to simultaneously conduct intra-modality and inter-modality discrimination. They can mutually boost to make common representation more discriminative by adversarial training process. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed CM-GANs approach is the first to utilize GANs to perform cross-modal common representation learning. Experiments are conducted to verify the performance of our proposed approach on cross-modal retrieval paradigm, compared with 10 methods on 3 cross-modal datasets.
Synthesis of 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[ <sup>18</sup> F]fluoro‐thymidine with 2,3′‐anhydro‐5′‐ <i>O</i> ‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐thymidine (2000)

[11C]Thymidine has been used as a proliferation marker in positron-emission-tomography (PET) studies of tumors. This compound showed metabolite related problems and the radiosynthesis proved to be difficult. Recently, the more stable 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) has been suggested as an alternative. One advantage of [18F]FLT is based on thymidine kinase-1 catalyzed phosphorylation of FLT and the intracellular accumulation of this metabolite without participation in DNA synthesis. The radiosynthesis of [18F]FLT originally designed by Grierson et al. was found to be demanding especially regarding the workup of the [18F]fluoride/1-(2-deoxy-3-O-nosyl-5-O-DMT-β-D-threo-pento-furanosyl)-3-DMBn-thymine reaction mixture. Instead, we used 2,3′-anhydro-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)thymidine as a precursor for the synthesis of [18F]FLT. In DMSO at 175°C and in presence of Kryptofix® 2.2.2. we obtained 5.6± 1,4% [18F]FLT (EOS). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charged-Particle Motion in Large-Amplitude Electromagnetic Fields (1968)

The relativistic motion of a charged particle in large amplitude, inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields is studied for several situations. This study involved the numerical integration of the equations of motion including the relativistic mass correction and the nonlinear rf v×B force term. The cases studied include particle motion in linearly and circularly polarized, homogeneous plane waves with a homogeneous steady magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation; particle motion in linearly and circularly polarized TE-11 modes in waveguides of circular cross section immersed in a uniform steady axial magnetic field; and particle motion in cavity resonators of circular cross section (TE-111 mode) immersed in a nonuniform steady axial magnetic field. This study is concerned with the maximum energy gains possible in the above situations with field amplitudes appropriate to high-power microwave experiments. To verify the features of the particle motion as predicted in the numerical study, and to investigate effects which could not be easily included in the analysis, such as space charge from the electron beams, beam-induced cavity fields, and ionization of residual gas in a cavity resonator, certain experiments were performed. These involved the injection of 1–100-mA electron beams at 100–1000 V on the axis of circular cross-section cavity resonators (10 GHz and 1.0 GHz) immersed in a steady axial magnetic field. With pulsed operation, an energy increase of 460 keV was obtained for a drive power of 46 kW at an over-all efficiency of acceleration of approximately 10%. Higher-efficiency pulsed operation and continuous operation at lower power levels were also investigated experimentally.
An improved denoising method based on wavelet modular maximum method for DS-UWB systems (2007)

Traditional methods could not satisfy the requirements of the system, because the duration time of the UWB pulse signals is short and the emissive power is low. Using the technique of wavelet transform, the effect of denoising, is obvious in UWB systems. Base on wavelet modulus maxima method, an improved method is proposed to denoising, that is ratio threshold with similar coefficients. It can restrain the noise and reserves the singularity of UWB signals. The simulation results show the new method is simpler and more efficient in denoising than traditional wavelet modular maximum method.
A Congestion Driven Placement Algorithm for FPGA Synthesis (2006)

We introduce a new congestion driven placement algorithm for FPGAs in which the overlapping effect of bounding boxes is taken into consideration. Experimental results show that compared with the linear congestion method (Betz et al., 1999) used in the state-of-the-art FPGA place and route package VPR (Betz and Rose, 1997), our algorithm achieves channel width reduction on 70% of the 20 largest MCNC benchmark circuits (10.1% on average) while keeping the channel width of the remaining 30% benchmarks unchanged. A distinct feature of our algorithm is that the critical path delay is not elongated on average, and in most cases reduced
Una mirada actual y de futuro al desarrollo de la IA en el ‘marketing’ (2020)

El autor argumenta por que los profesionales de cualquier area de la organizacion, en especial los de marketing, deben reinventarse para, apalancandose en la tecnologia, convertirse en ese “profesional aumentado o exponencial” que requieren las empresas hoy en dia. Este articulo muestra como se pueden aprovechar las herramientas que ofrece la IA y aporta reflexiones al respecto que invitan al debate.
Mercury dynamics in groundwater across three distinct riparian zone types of the US Midwest (2013)

Although the intense biogeochemical gradients present in riparian zones have the potential to affect mercury (Hg) cycling, Hg dynamics in riparian zones has received relatively little attention in the literature. Our study investigated groundwater filtered total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in three riparian zones with contrasting hydrogeomorphic (HGM) characteristics (till, alluvium, outwash) in the US Midwest. Despite high Hg deposition rates (>16 μg m(-2)) in the region, median THg (<1.05 ng L(-1)) and MeHg (<0.05 ng L(-1)) concentrations were low at the study sites. Methylmercury concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to THg (R = 0.82), temperature (R = 0.55), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (R = 0.62). THg also correlated with groundwater DOC (R = 0.59). The proportion of MeHg in THg (%MeHg) was significantly correlated to temperature (R = 0.58) and MeHg (R = 0.50). Results suggest that HGM characteristics, the presence of tile drains, and the propensity for overbank flooding at a riparian site determined the extent to which stream water Hg concentrations influenced riparian groundwater Hg levels or vice versa. Differences in hydrogeomorphic characteristics between sites did not translate however in significant differences in groundwater MeHg or %MeHg. Overall, widespread Hg contamination in the most common riparian hydrogeomorphic types of the US Midwest is unlikely to be a major concern. However, for frequently flooded riparian zones located downstream from a potentially large source of Hg (e.g., concentrated urban development), Hg concentrations are likely to be higher than at other sites.
Effect of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil <i>(Lotus corniculatus)</i> and sulla ( <i>Hedysarum coronarium)</i> on body weight, carcass fat depth, and wool growth of lambs in New Zealand (1999)

Abstract The effects of dietary condensed tannins (CT) on growth and performance of young male weaned lambs were measured during a 4‐month grazing trial when either birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) cv. Grasslands Goldie or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) cv. Grasslands Aokau were fed. Each legume was offered at restricted and ad libitum allowances and the effects of CT were determined by giving half the lambs in each treatment a twice‐daily drench of polyethylene glycol (PEG; mol wt 3350) to deactivate the CT. Both agronomic and animal performance characteristics were recorded. Sulla had higher ( P < 0.01) pre‐grazing herbage masses than birdsfoot trefoil (11.6 cf. 7.1 t DM ha −1 ) and sulla stem (<6 mm diam.) was eaten, in contrast to birdsfoot trefoil where stem was rejected by the lambs. The sulla and birdsfoot trefoil diets had similar protein concentrations in the DM, but sulla had a higher concentration of total CT (88 cf. 50 g CT kg 1 DM) and less structural carbohydrate (189 cf. 328 g kg −1 DM) relative to birdsfoot trefoil. Lambs fed sulla had a similar performance to those grazing birdsfoot trefoil at restricted allowances, with average liveweight gains of 168 g d −1 . At ad libitum allowances liveweight gains averaged 273 g d −1 , but the CT in sulla reduced carcass weight from 21.2 kg (with PEG drenching) to 18.8 kg ( P < 0.05). The CT in birdsfoot trefoil did not affect wool growth, liveweight gain, or carcass characteristics. The trial has shown that both forages are able to provide a high level of productivity, but the CT in sulla can be detrimental to carcass yield from young lambs given this forage as a sole diet for a prolonged period. However, the sulla produces substantially more DM and is better utilised by lambs than birdsfoot trefoil, and is able to sustain high levels of animal production per hectare.
Localization Transition for Light Scattering by Cold Atoms in an External Magnetic Field (2018)

We establish a localization phase diagram for light in a random three-dimensional (3D) ensemble of motionless two-level atoms with a threefold degenerate upper level, in a strong static magnetic field. Localized modes appear in a narrow spectral band when the number density of atoms ρ exceeds a critical value ρ_{c}≃0.1k_{0}^{3}, where k_{0} is the wave number of light in the free space. A critical exponent of the localization transition taking place upon varying the frequency of light at a constant ρ>ρ_{c} is estimated to be ν=1.57±0.07. This classifies the transition as an Anderson localization transition of 3D orthogonal universality class.
Flexible SVBRDF Capture with a Multi‐Image Deep Network (2019)

Abstract Empowered by deep learning, recent methods for material capture can estimate a spatially‐varying reflectance from a single photograph. Such lightweight capture is in stark contrast with the tens or hundreds of pictures required by traditional optimization‐based approaches. However, a single image is often simply not enough to observe the rich appearance of real‐world materials. We present a deep‐learning method capable of estimating material appearance from a variable number of uncalibrated and unordered pictures captured with a handheld camera and flash. Thanks to an order‐independent fusing layer, this architecture extracts the most useful information from each picture, while benefiting from strong priors learned from data. The method can handle both view and light direction variation without calibration. We show how our method improves its prediction with the number of input pictures, and reaches high quality reconstructions with as little as 1 to 10 images ‐ a sweet spot between existing single‐image and complex multi‐image approaches.
Relative Importance for Linear Regression in<i>R</i>: The Package<b>relaimpo</b> (2006)

Relative importance is a topic that has seen a lot of interest in recent years, particularly in applied work. The R package relaimpo implements six different metrics for assessing relative importance of regressors in the linear model, two of which are recommended - averaging over orderings of regressors and a newly proposed metric (Feldman 2005) called pmvd. Apart from delivering the metrics themselves, relaimpo also provides (exploratory) bootstrap confidence intervals. This paper offers a brief tutorial introduction to the package. The methods and relaimpo's functionality are illustrated using the data set swiss that is generally available in R. The paper targets readers who have a basic understanding of multiple linear regression. For the background of more advanced aspects, references are provided.
Clinical Use of the 193-nm Excimer Laser in the Treatment of Corneal Scars (1991)

Phototherapeutic keratectomy using a 193-nm excimer laser was performed at four centers on 33 sighted patients with corneal opacity and/or irregular astigmatism. Pathologic conditions included anterior stromal and superficial scarring from postinfectious and posttraumatic causes, including inactive herpes simplex virus, anterior corneal dystrophies, recurrent erosions, granular dystrophy, and band keratopathy. Most patients received peribulbar anesthesia and underwent removal of the epithelium prior to laser ablation. A majority of patients had a reduction in the amount of corneal scarring and approximately half had improved visual acuity. No intraocular reaction or changes in endothelial counts were seen, and some patients avoided the need for penetrating keratoplasty. Reepithelialization usually occurred within 4 or 5 days and we noted no significant scarring secondary to use of the laser. It was difficult to eliminate preexisting irregular astigmatism despite the use of surface modulators, such as methylcellulose. A hyperopic shift secondary to corneal flattening was encountered in approximately 50% of the patients. A combination of myopic ablation, followed immediately by a secondary hyperopic steepening, may minimize this refractive change. The 193-nm excimer laser is an effective new tool in the treatment of selected patients with superficial corneal opacity from a variety of conditions.
Wavelets, ridgelets and curvelets on the sphere (2006)

We present in this paper new multiscale transforms on the sphere, namely the isotropic undecimated wavelet transform, the pyramidal wavelet transform, the ridgelet transform and the curvelet transform. All of these transforms can be inverted i.e. we can exactly reconstruct the original data from its coefficients in either representation. Several applications are described. We show how these transforms can be used in denoising and especially in a Combined Filtering Method, which uses both the wavelet and the curvelet transforms, thus benefiting from the advantages of both transforms. An application to component separation from multichannel data mapped to the sphere is also described in which we take advantage of moving to a wavelet representation.
Survey of the Long-term Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters in Children With Cancer (2009)

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been used for many years in developed countries, but few studies have been focused on children with cancer in developing countries. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of PICCs and determined the rate of PICC-related complications in children with cancer. We prospectively followed all children with cancer over 3 years of age who received chemotherapy and PICC placement in our cancer center between June 2003 and May 2007. The date of last follow-up was January 31, 2008. A total of 119 PICCs were inserted into 116 patients during the 48-month period. PICCs were placed in 113 of 119 attempts, yielding an insertion rate of 95.0%. The 113 PICCs were in place for a total 26,721 catheter days (median time, 246 d; range, 8 to 455 d). The 113 PICCs had 53 overall complications, for a rate of 1.98/1000 catheter days. Twenty-one (18.6%) PICCs were removed because of complication with a rate of 0.79/1000 catheter days. The most common reason for PICC removal was breakage/leakage. An infection requiring PICC removal occurred in 4 patients. This study demonstrated relatively low complication rate and long duration for PICCs in children with cancer over 3 years of age in our hospital.
Satisficing feedback strategies for local navigation of autonomous mobile robots (1990)

A general approach to the local navigation problem for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) is presented and its application to omnidirectional and conventionally steered wheelbases is described. The problem of driving an AMR to a goal in an unknown environment is formulated as a dynamic feedback control problem in which local feedback information is used to make steering decisions while the AMR is moving. To obtain a computationally tractable algorithm, a class of satisficing feedback strategies that generate reasonable, collision-free trajectories to the goal using simplified representations of the AMR dynamics and constrains is proposed. Realizations of the feedback strategy are presented and illustrated by simulation under the assumptions of perfect feedback information and zero servo error. Straightforward extensions of the approach to handle uncertainties in real systems are briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arabidopsis <i>RGL1</i> Encodes a Negative Regulator of Gibberellin Responses (2002)

In Arabidopsis, the DELLA subfamily of GRAS regulatory genes consists of GAI, RGA, RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1), RGL2, and RGL3. GAI and RGA are known to be negative regulators of gibberellin (GA) responses. We found that RGL1 is a similar repressor of GA responses, as revealed by RGL1 gain-of-function and loss-of-function phenotypes. Repression of GA responses in Arabidopsis was conferred by a dominant 35S-rgl1 transgene carrying a DELLA domain deletion analogous to the GA-insensitive gai-1 mutation. As in GA-deficient Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants were dark green dwarfs with underdeveloped trichomes and flowers. Expression levels of GA4, a feedback-regulated GA biosynthetic gene, were increased correspondingly. Conversely, a loss-of-function rgl1 line had reduced GA4 expression and exhibited GA-independent activation of seed germination, leaf expansion, flowering, stem elongation, and floral development, as detected by resistance to the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. RGL1 plays a greater role in seed germination than do GAI and RGA. The expression profile of RGL1 differed from those of the four other DELLA homologs. RGL1 message levels were predominant in flowers, with transcripts detected in developing ovules and anthers. As with RGA, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged RGL1 protein was localized to the nucleus, but unlike GFP-RGA, there was no degradation after GA treatment. These findings indicate that RGL1 is a partially redundant, but distinct, negative regulator of GA responses and suggest that all DELLA subfamily members might possess separate as well as overlapping roles in GA signaling.