gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Direct Manipulation Technique for Specifying 3D Object Transformations with a 2D Input Device (1990)

Abstract A mechanism is presented for direct manipulation of 3D objects with a conventional 2D input device, such as a mouse. The user can define and modify a model by graphical interaction on a 3D perspective or parallel projection. A gestural interface technique enables the specification of 3D transformations (translation, rotation and scaling) by 2D pick and drag operations. Interaction is not restricted to single objects but can be applied to compound objects as well. The method described in this paper is an easy‐to‐understand 3D input technique which does not require any special hardware and is compatible with the designer's mental model of object manipulation.
Ski co‐repressor complexes maintain the basal repressed state of the TGF‐β target gene, <i>SMAD7</i>, via HDAC3 and PRMT5 (2008)

The products encoded by ski and its related gene, sno, (Ski and Sno) act as transcriptional co-repressors and interact with other co-repressors such as N-CoR/SMRT and mSin3A. Ski and Sno mediate transcriptional repression by various repressors, including Mad, Rb and Gli3. Ski/Sno also suppress transcription induced by multiple activators, such as Smads and c-Myb. In particular, the inhibition of TGF-beta-induced transcription by binding to Smads is correlated with the oncogenic activity of Ski and Sno. However, the molecular mechanism by which Ski and Sno mediate transcriptional repression remains unknown. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of Ski complexes. The Ski complexes purified from HeLa cells contained histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), in addition to multiple Smad proteins (Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that these components of the Ski complexes were localized on the SMAD7 gene promoter, which is the TGF-beta target gene, in TGF-beta-untreated HepG2 cells. Knockdown of these components using siRNA led to up-regulation of SMAD7 mRNA. These results indicate that Ski complexes serve to maintain a TGF-beta-responsive promoter at a repressed basal level via the activities of histone deacetylase and histone arginine methyltransferase.
AirDraw: Leveraging smart watch motion sensors for mobile human computer interactions (2016)

Wearable computing is one of the fastest growing technology markets today, with smart watches poised to take over at least of half the wearable device market. Approaches to text entry on smart watches and other wrist worn systems, independent of the small screen, is of importance to the further growth of wearable systems. The consistent user interaction and hands-free, heads-up operation of smart watches paves the way for gesture recognition methods for text entry. This paper proposes a new text input method for smart watches, which utilizes motion sensor data and machine learning approaches to detect letters written in the air by a user. This method is less computationally intensive, less expensive, and unaffected by lighting factors, when compared to computer vision approaches. The AirDraw system prototype developed to test this approach is presented, along with experimental results with close to 71% accuracy in letter recognition.
The NMR structure of a stable and compact all‐β‐sheet variant of intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein (2004)

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) has a clam-shaped structure that may serve as a scaffold for the design of artificial enzymes and drug carriers. In an attempt to optimize the scaffold for increased access to the interior-binding cavity, several helix-less variants of I-FABP have been engineered. The solution-state NMR structure of the first generation helix-less variant, known as Delta17-SG, revealed a larger-than-expected and structurally ill-defined loop flanking the deletion site. We hypothesized that the presence of this loop, on balance, was energetically unfavorable for the stability of the protein. The structure exhibited no favorable pairwise or nonpolar interactions in the loop that could offset the loss of configurational entropy associated with the folding of this region of the protein. As an attempt to generate a more stable protein, we engineered a second-generation helix-less variant of I-FABP (Delta27-GG) by deleting 27 contiguous residues of the wild-type protein and replacing them with a G-G linker. The deletion site of this variant (D9 through N35) includes the 10 residues spanning the unstructured loop of Delta17-SG. Chemical denaturation experiments using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the second-generation helix-less variant is energetically more stable than Delta17-SG. The three-dimensional structure of apo-Delta27-GG was solved using triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy along with the structure calculation and refinement protocols contained in the program package ARIA/CNS. In spite of the deletion of 27 residues, the structure assumes a compact all-beta-sheet fold with no unstructured loops and open access to the interior cavity.
Aryloxyacetic Acid Diuretics with Uricosuric Activity. II. Substituted ((4-Oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy)acetic Acids and the Related Compounds. (1991)

Di- and tri-substituted [(4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]acetic acids, and 4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-furo[2,3-h]-[1]benzopyran-8-carboxylic acid were synthesized and tested for natriuretic and uricosuric activities. Among the compounds tested, 3,5-disubstituted [(4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]acetic acids (6c-f, h, n and x) showed potent natriuretic and uricosuric activities, whereas 4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-8-carboxylic acid (6dd) possessed only potent natriuretic activity. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
(Radioiodinated free fatty acids) (1987)

The traveler participated in the Second International Workshop on Radioiodinated Free Fatty Acids in Amsterdam, The Netherlands where he presented an invited paper describing the pioneering work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) involving the design, development and testing of new radioiodinated methyl-branched fatty acids for evaluation of heart disease. He also chaired a technical session on the testing of new agents in various in vitro and in vivo systems. He also visited the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Nuclear Medicine in Bonn, West Germany, to review, discuss, plan and coordinate collaborative investigations with that institution. In addition, he visited the Cyclotron Research Center in Liege, Belgium, to discuss continuing collaborative studies with the Osmium-191/Iridium-191m radionuclide generator system, and to complete manuscripts and plan future studies.
Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort (2021)

In this large population study of patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR following two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine, we observe a significant increase of the risk of infection in individuals who received their last vaccine dose since at least 146 days ago, particularly among patients older than 60.
Taxonomy of the Common Dolphins of the Eastern Pacific Ocean (1969)

Journal Article Taxonomy of the Common Dolphins of the Eastern Pacific Ocean Get access Richard C. Banks, Richard C. Banks Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560, and Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 (present address of Brownell: Los Angeles County Museum, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert L. Brownell Robert L. Brownell Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560, and Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 (present address of Brownell: Los Angeles County Museum, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 50, Issue 2, 12 May 1969, Pages 262–271, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378342 Published: 12 May 1969 Article history Accepted: 19 January 1969 Published: 12 May 1969
Chromosomal-gene-mediated inhibition of intestinal and foodborne pathogens by Lactobacillus acidophilus AA11. (2007)

Approximately 63 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from Egyptian home-made cheese and examined for production of antagonism. Only eight strains demonstrated inhibitory activity against spoilage microorganisms (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and pathogens (i.e. E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp.). Lactobacillus acidophilus AA11 produced a more antimicrobial activity with a wide range of inhibition. The agent AA11 was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and retained full activity after 30 min at 100 degrees C. Activity against sensitive cells was bactericidal but not bacteriolytic. The compound was produced during growth phase and can be extracted from the culture supernatant fluids with n-Butanol. 12 % SDS-PAGE analysis of 40% ammonium sulphate precipitated agent showed two peptides with molecular weights of approximately 36 kDa and approximately 29 kDa. No plasmid was identified in Lactobacillus acidophilus AA11 indicating that the genes encoding the inhibitory agent located on the chromosome. These characteristics identify the inhibitory substance as a bacteriocin, designated acidocin AA11 and confer the agent an application potential as a biopreservative.
The Arabidopsis Transcriptome Responds Specifically and Dynamically to High Light Stress (2019)

The dynamic and specific transcriptome for high light (HL) stress in plants is poorly understood because heat has confounded previous studies. Here, we perform an in-depth temporal responsive transcriptome analysis and identify the core HL-responsive genes. By eliminating the effect of heat, we uncover a set of genes specifically regulated by high-intensity light-driven signaling. We find that 79% of HL-responsive genes restore their expression to baseline within a 14-h recovery period. Our study reveals that plants respond to HL through dynamic regulation of hormones, particularly abscisic acid (ABA), photosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid pathway genes. Blue/UV-A photoreceptors and phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) genes are also responsive to HL. We further show that ABA biosynthesis-defective mutant nced3nced5, as well as pif4, pif5, pif4,5, and pif1,3,4,5 mutants, are hypersensitive to HL. Our study presents the dynamic and specific high-intensity light-driven transcriptional landscape in plants during HL stress.
Ear Position, Leaf Area, and Contribution of Individual Leaves to Grain Yield in Conventional and Leafy Maize Hybrids (2005)

The contribution of individual leaves and the extra leaves above the ear to dry matter (DM) accumulation and grain yield in Leafy maize ( Zea mays L.) is not well documented. A field experiment was conducted for two growing seasons (2003 and 2004) at Ottawa, Canada, to determine whether additional leaves above the ear in a Leafy hybrid contribute more to grain yield than in a conventional hybrid and to assess the importance of individual leaves above and below the ear. At silking, 10 defoliation treatments were imposed in a conventional (Pioneer 3893) and a Leafy (Maizex LF850‐RR) hybrid. Total number of leaves per plant, position of the primary ear height, and the area and DM of each removed leaf were measured at silk stage. At physiological maturity, number of kernels per plant, kernel DM, and whole plant DM were determined. Despite the Leafy hybrid having a 25% greater number of leaves, 26 to 40% more green leaf area, and 16 to 41% more total plant DM at silking than the conventional hybrid, there was no difference in total DM and grain yield at physiological maturity, indicating a situation of sink limitation in the Leafy hybrid. Removal of all leaves below the earleaf and earleaf alone in the conventional hybrid caused 19 to 26% and 17 to 25% reduction in grain yield, respectively, while there was no any notable effect of these treatments in the Leafy hybrid. When all leaves above the earleaf were removed, kernel number and kernel DM were reduced by 84 to 94% in the Leafy hybrid compared with a 40 to 50% reduction in the conventional hybrid. We conclude that the large number of leaves in the Leafy maize gave no additional advantage in terms of grain yield and total DM production and the earleaf and leaves below the ear‐node were of less importance in the Leafy hybrids than in the conventional hybrid.
Polyurethane Shape‐Memory Polymers Demonstrate Functional Biocompatibility In Vitro (2007)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of polymeric materials used in various medical interventions such as vascular stents. In this work, two SMPs, thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS), have been measured in vitro for the degree of cellular and protein adhesion, their ability to stimulate inflammatory cytokine production, as well as the effects of the SMPs on the haemostatic system. The stimulatory properties of SMPs on neutrophils have also been directly addressed. Based on the studies of SMP biocompatibility as defined by inflammation, thrombogenesis, and the activation of both platelets and neutrophils, the TS and TP SMP materials are unlikely to stimulate an inflammatory response in vivo. [figure: see text]
Portable virtual display system design with a wide eye motion box for a motor vehicle (2011)

We have succeeded in designing a portable virtual display system based on a virtual projected optical design with 0.44"LCD panel. We have optimized the optical performance using a 2D optical multi zoom so that we should obtain a comfortable eye motion box area. Furthermore, it is designed to mechanically adjust the system tilting angle in considerations for different height of head positions. It is also able to display navigations maps and DMV in full color using RGB 3in1 LED sources. We believe that this is developed as an alternative to conventional built-in type HUD system targeting the high volume aftermarket at an affordable price.
Chemistry, ultrastructure and porosity of monophasic and biphasic bone forming materials derived from marine algae (2007)

Abstract The research on bioceramics during the last decades has proved that the bioactivity of inorganic bone grafts depends fundamentally on an optimal combination of chemistry and structural porosity. This study presents a comparison of a resorbable monophasic hydroxyapatite (HA) and several newly developed resorbable biphasic hydroxyapatite – ß‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) composites both derived from naturally grown red marine algae with respect to the phase composition, microstructure and porosity. The highly porous three dimensional mineral scaffold of the native alga is maintained in the final products all investigated materials and possesses a pronounced interconnecting microporous structure. There are generally high values of specific porosity calculated for all tested materials: 1.07 cm 3 /g for pure phycogenic HA and between 0.65 cm 3 /g and 1.04 cm 3 /g for phycogenic biphasic HA/TCP composites with various HA/TCP ratios. The ultrastructure of the phycogenic HA/TCP composites changes significantly with the building and the increase of the ß‐TCP phase due to the bigger polyedric ß‐TCP crystals compared to the finer polycrystalline HA. Despite these structural changes the interconnected porous scaffold is kept throughout the production process. In all investigated materials the porosity is mainly based on pores with pore sizes between 1 and 10 μm in diameter, which is given by the structure of the natural alga. The specific chemistry combined with the structural porosity is decisive for the high in‐vivo bioactivity of the studied materials.
Relationship between distribution of substituents and water solubility of O‐methyl cellulose (1987)

Abstract The solubility behavior of O‐methyl cellulose (MC) in water was investigated in terms of the distribution of substituents along the cellulose chain as well as in the anhydroglucose (AHG) units. For this purpose, three different types of MC samples were prepared by respective homogeneous reaction, i.e.. (i) methylation of cellulose acetate (CA) prepared from cellulose triacetate (CTA), followed by deacetylation, (ii) methylation of CA prepared by direct acetylation of cellulose in a 10% LiCl–dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution, followed by deacetylation, and (iii) methylation of cellulose with dimethyl sulfate in a 10% LiCl–DMAc solution. Their water solubility was compared with that of MC samples prepared by the alkali cellulose process, i.e., by the heterogeneous reaction, including commercial products. It was found that water‐soluble MC samples prepared by the alkali cellulose process exhibit a thermally‐reversible sol‐gel transition in aqueous solution, but all of the MC samples preapred homogeneous reactions show a normal phase separation in aqueous solution. This result gives a direct support for the consideration that the highly substituted glucose sequences present in the commercial MC act as “crosslinking loci” on warming. The distribution of substituents in the AHG units was estimated by 13 C‐NMR method. The results on the water solubility of MC were also discussed in terms of the distribution of substituents in the AHG units.
AB variant of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis: deficiency of a factor necessary for stimulation of hexosaminidase A-catalyzed degradation of ganglioside GM2 and glycolipid GA2. (1978)

Human kidney extracts heated to 60 degrees and devoid of hexosaminidase activity (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.30) stimulate more than 20-fold the hexosaminidase A-catalyzed degradation of ganglioside GM2 and of glycolipid GA2, the neuronal storage compounds of GM2 gangliosidosis. The stimulating factor of this extract, which is labile at temperatures above 60 degrees, is also present in kidney extracts from patients with infantile GM2 gangliosidosis having a deficiency of hexosaminidase A (Tay-Sachs disease, variant B) and a deficiency of hexosaminidases A and B (variant 0). Evidence is presented that this factor is defective in the AB-variant of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis which is characterized by an accumulation of glycolipids GM2 and GA2 despite the fact that the degrading enzymes, hexosaminidases A and B, retain normal activity levels. Thus, variant AB is an example of a fatal lipid storage disease that is caused not by a defect of a degrading enzyme but rather by a defective factor necessary for the interaction of lipid substrates and the water-soluble hydrolase.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of Gemcitabine as a mainstay in adult and pediatric oncology: an EORTC-PAMM perspective (2016)

Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite ranking among the most prescribed anticancer drugs worldwide. This nucleoside analog exerts its antiproliferative action after tumoral conversion into active triphosphorylated nucleotides interfering with DNA synthesis and targeting ribonucleotide reductase. Gemcitabine is a mainstay for treating pancreatic and lung cancers, alone or in combination with several cytotoxic drugs (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin and oxaliplatin), and is an option in a variety of other solid or hematological cancers. Several determinants of response have been identified with gemcitabine, i.e., membrane transporters, activating and inactivating enzymes at the tumor level, or Hedgehog signaling pathway. More recent studies have investigated how germinal genetic polymorphisms affecting cytidine deaminase, the enzyme responsible for the liver disposition of gemcitabine, could act as well as a marker for clinical outcome (i.e., toxicity, efficacy) at the bedside. Besides, constant efforts have been made to develop alternative chemical derivatives or encapsulated forms of gemcitabine, as an attempt to improve its metabolism and pharmacokinetics profile. Overall, gemcitabine is a drug paradigmatic for constant searches of the scientific community to improve its administration through the development of personalized medicine in oncology.
The TIGRE instrument for 0.3-100 MeV gamma-ray astronomy (2002)

The Tracking and Imaging Gamma-Ray Experiment (TIGRE) uses multilayers of silicon strip detectors both as a gamma-ray converter and to track Compton recoil electrons and positron-electron pairs. The direction and energy of the Compton scattered gamma ray and pair particles are measured with arrays of small CsI(Tl)-photodiode detectors. With a large /spl pi/-steradian field-of-view, TIGRE is sensitive to gamma rays from 0.3 to 100 MeV with a typical energy resolution of 4% (FWHM) and a 1/spl sigma/ angular resolution of 120 arc min. at 2 MeV. The instrument has a high absolute detection efficiency of 8% over the full energy range. The telescope is described and Monte Carlo calculations presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin‐like growth factor I/somatomedin‐C (IGF‐I/SM‐C) and glucocorticoids synergistically regulate mitosis in competent human fibroblasts (1983)

In serum-free medium, insulin-like growth factor-I/somatomedin-C (IGF-I/SM-C) was weakly mitogenic for adult human fibroblasts in culture. However, in the presence of 0.5% human hypopituitary serum (HHS), which by itself had little effect, there was a marked dose-dependent response to IGF-I/SM-C with a 10- to 20-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation at 25 ng/ml IFG-I/SM-C. With the further addition of dexamethasone or hydrocortisone to the combination of IGF-I/SM-C + 0.5% HHS, there was a dramatic synergistic effect resulting in a 60- to 70-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. This stimulation was two times greater than that seen with 20% FCS. In contrast, glucocorticoids had no effect in serum-free medium or with HHS alone. These [3H]thymidine incorporation results were clearly supported by cell replication studies. Dose-response curves for 125I IGF-I/SM-C binding and IGF-I/SM-C stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation were similar with 1/2 maximal effects for both at 5 ng/ml. However, the striking synergism seen with glucocorticoids occurred in the absence of any glucocorticoid-induced change in IGF-I/SM-C binding, indicating that the interaction of IGF-I/SM-C and glucocorticoids occurs at a postreceptor level. These data demonstrate that in the presence of a low concentration of HHS, IGF-I/SM-C and glucocorticoids stimulate complete cell cycle traverse and replication of human fibroblasts.
FTR1335 Is a Novel Synthetic Inhibitor of Candida albicans N(-)Myristoyltransferase with Fungicidal Activity (2005)

Inhibitors of the fungal enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt) reduce fungal growth, as this enzyme is essential for viability. We found that a newly synthesized benzothiazole derivative, (1R,3S)-N-{2-[(cyclopeanthylcarbonyl) amino]-benzothiazol-6-yl}-3-[(2-naphthylmethyl) amino] cyclohexanecarboxamide (FTR1335), preferentially inhibited Candida albicans Nmt (CaNmt) in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for CaNmt was 0.49 nM, which was much lower than the 5400 nM IC(50) for human Nmt (HsNmt1). The mode of CaNmt inhibition was competitive with the substrate peptide and non-competitive with myristoyl-CoA. Moreover, FTR1335 showed strong antifungal activity in vitro, and the minimum fungicidal concentration for C. albicans was 0.78 microM. These results indicate that FTR1335 might represent a novel family of Nmt inhibitors with fungicidal activity.