gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shear and Dilatational Relaxation Mechanisms of Globular and Flexible Proteins at the Hexadecane/Water Interface (2004)

Proteins adsorbed at fluid/fluid interfaces influence many phenomena: food emulsion and foam stability (Murray et al. Langmuir 2002, 18, 9476 and Borbas et al. Colloids Surf., A 2003, 213, 93), two-phase enzyme catalysis (Cascao-Pereira et al. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2003, 83, 498; 2002, 78, 595), human lung function (Lunkenheimer et al. Colloids Surf., A 1996, 114, 199; Wustneck et al.; and Banerjee et al. 2000, 15, 14), and cell membrane mechanical properties (Mohandas et al. 1994, 23, 787). Time scales important to these phenomena are broad, necessitating an understanding of the dynamics of biological macromolecules at interfaces. We utilize interfacial shear and dilatational deformations to study the rheology of a globular protein, lysozyme, and a disordered protein, beta-casein, at the hexadecane/water interface. Linear viscoelastic properties are measured using small amplitude oscillatory flow, stress relaxation after a sudden dilatational displacement, and shear creep response to probe the rheological response over broad experimental time scales. Our studies of lysozyme and beta-casein reveal that the interfacial dissipation mechanisms are strongly coupled to changes in the protein structure upon and after adsorption. For beta-casein, the interfacial response is fluidlike in shear deformation and is dominated by interfacial viscous dissipation, particularly at low frequencies. Conversely, the dilatational response of beta-casein is dominated by diffusion dissipation at low frequencies and viscous dissipation at higher frequencies (i.e., when the experimental time scale is faster than the characteristic time for diffusion). For lysozyme in shear deformation, the adsorbed protein layer is primarily elastic with only a weak frequency dependence. Similarly, the interfacial dilatational moduli change very little with frequency. In comparison to beta-casein, the frequency response of lysozyme does not change substantially after washing the protein from the bulk solution. Apparently, it is the irreversibly adsorbed fraction that dominates the dynamic rheological response for lysozyme. Using stress relaxation after a sudden dilatational displacement and shear creep response, the characteristic time of relaxation was found to be 1000 s in both modes of deformation. The very long relaxation time for lysozyme likely results from the formation of a glassy interfacial network. This network develops at high interfacial concentrations where the molecules are highly constrained because of conformation changes that prevent desorption.
Nanotechnology and the Developing World (2005)

Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter at the nanometer scale (1-100 nanometers, one nanometer being equal to 1 10 -9 of a meter), that is, at the atomic and molecular levels, and the exploitation of novel phenomena and properties of matter at that scale.
Adhesion of Electrochemically Formed Conducting Polymer Coatings on Al-2024 (2004)

Polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly( N-ethyl aniline), poly( O-anisidine) and their composite coatings were electrodeposited on Al-2024 alloy. The electrodeposited films were characterised using IR spectroscopy. The peel test (ASTM 3359-97), the lap joint test (ASTM D1002) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the adhesion of these coatings and the delamination area under the coating. It was found that the adhesion of these coatings depends on the electrodeposition parameters and the structure of the polymer film. There was no significant delamination of the coating after immersion in Harrison solution for 55 days. Contact angle analysis was conducted to evaluate the hydrophobicity of the film. Salt immersion and dc polarisation studies were used to evaluate the durability and the corrosion protection offered by the coatings, respectively.
What Vatican II Means to Us Jews (1970)

A thorough analysis of Vatican II and the documents it produced regarding other religions. The work was translated from the German by Otto M. Knab.
Flow-enhanced adhesion regulated by a selectin interdomain hinge (2006)

L-selectin requires a threshold shear to enable leukocytes to tether to and roll on vascular surfaces. Transport mechanisms govern flow-enhanced tethering, whereas force governs flow-enhanced rolling by prolonging the lifetimes of L-selectin-ligand complexes (catch bonds). Using selectin crystal structures, molecular dynamics simulations, site-directed mutagenesis, single-molecule force and kinetics experiments, Monte Carlo modeling, and flow chamber adhesion studies, we show that eliminating a hydrogen bond to increase the flexibility of an interdomain hinge in L-selectin reduced the shear threshold for adhesion via two mechanisms. One affects the on-rate by increasing tethering through greater rotational diffusion. The other affects the off-rate by strengthening rolling through augmented catch bonds with longer lifetimes at smaller forces. By forcing open the hinge angle, ligand may slide across its interface with L-selectin to promote rebinding, thereby providing a mechanism for catch bonds. Thus, allosteric changes remote from the ligand-binding interface regulate both bond formation and dissociation.
Intermittently Delivered Pulsed Electric Fields for Sterile Storage of Turbid Media (2010)

This paper introduces a new concept and method for long-term sterile storage of turbid product, which is potentially subject to microbial contamination. The method uses intermittent delivery of pulsed electric fields (IDPEF) throughout the storage at time intervals that are prescribed according to microorganisms' growth kinetics. This new approach facilitates sterile storage without the need for chemical preservatives, additives, radiation or the complex infrastructure demanded by refrigeration. Unlike ultraviolet radiation, IDPEF can be used in turbid media. The first part of this paper is a theoretical discussion on the growth kinetics of microorganisms treated by IDPEF. We then provide a preliminary experimental study on the kinetics of microorganism growth in a turbid microbial growth media as a function of the IDPEF delivery intervals. Last, we demonstrate the use of the method using milk as a medium. IDPEF of 30 pulses, 17.5 kV/cm field strength, 40 long, 1 Hz delivered every 12 h was found to have the ability to preserve milk in a non-sterile environment at room temperature as effectively as refrigeration at 4 . The method has many obvious applications in biotechnology, the food industry, and is of particular importance with regard to geographical areas lacking refrigeration for storage of pharmaceuticals and food. This study was performed on the laboratory scale and a substantial adaptations are required in order to apply it to the industrial scale.
Field Confirmation Testing for Suspicious Substances (2009)

Frequently a substance found at a port of entry, waste site, laboratory triage facility, or even in a hazardous materials emergency will be labeled and purportedly identified. But law enforcement and other first responders cannot take this claim at face value, as the accuracy is not confirmed and must be verified. A comprehensive handbook for on-th
Triangular Halogen−Halogen−Halogen Interactions as a Cohesive Force in the Structures of Trihalomesitylenes (2002)

The structures and molecular packing of tribromo- and triiodomesitylene are reported and compared to that of trichloromesitylene. Attractive triangular X3 interactions dominate the molecular packing in all three structures. The nonspherical atomic charge distribution on the halogens results in the formation donor−acceptor interactions in which each halogen atom is simultaneously a donor and an acceptor. These triangular X3 (X = Br or I) interactions result in the formation of 2-dimensional sheetlike structures.
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and other diseases. (1992)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy is an effective method for the treatment of CTCL. It is most effective in the erythrodermic stages of the disease but may also have a place in the treatment of more advanced disease. Phototherapy has also been used in the treatment of other T-cell-mediated diseases. Psoralen plus UVA are known to interact with cellular DNA, proteins, and lipids. The mechanism of action is not completely understood but there is suggestive evidence that cell membrane changes so caused can render the cell susceptible to immune surveillance and destruction.
Closing the Loop Between Reservoir Modeling and Well Placement and Positioning (2006)

Abstract We present a methodology of converting standard reservoir models to maps of production potential for screening regions that are most favorable for well placement. A technique is developed to apply this method to the problem of field development where field production profile moves through successive phases of buildup, plateau, and decline. This results from successive drilling and commissioning of wells at a prescribed frequency (e.g., quarterly) until the total well ‘budget’ for the field is exhausted and eventual termination of wells as they reach prescribed abandonment criteria. This method, in general, results in an irregular well placement pattern, as it attempts to conform to both time-invariant reservoir properties (e.g., permeability field which may be nonuniform) and time-varying properties (e.g., pressure and saturation field). As such it is a well placement strategy governed purely by reservoir drainage objectives rather than infrastructure considerations which may favor a more regular and orderly well spacing pattern. We illustrate this methodology for the case of a strong water-drive reservoir to be developed by horizontal wells under primary production. Specifically we examine how the field production profile and recovery factor is affected as the irregular well placement approach, driven by drainage objectives, is applied, compared to a fixed spacing approach. For both cases, an identical field footprint is simulated, that is, the same number of wells, type of wells, production programs, and abandonment criteria are applied; also both follow the ‘floor to ceilling’ well placement strategy in the reservoir which field experience suggests is advisable for bottom water-drive reservoirs. We observe a marked improvement in field recovery factor, as manifested by a higher and/or longer plateau, for the case of irregular well placement. The gain reveals the large impact that may result from the systematic use of automatic history-matching techniques and advanced drilling and measurement technologies, the two pillars for the implementation of the method described in this study. This method also suggests that the same parametric group used to convert standard reservoir models to maps of production potential, can be used to convert while-drilling measurements to the expected production potential of the well as the well is being drilled. This method has been described in a separate study, but that study was limited to the problem of placing a well in a dedicated drainage area. The current study describes the methodology of sequential well placement across the entire reservoir, therefore complements and completes this prior work.
Purification and properties of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from hen oviduct. (1976)

An endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase has been purified extensively from hen oviduct extracts and found to have a somewhat broader substrate specificity than the previously reported endoglycosidases from Dipolcoccus pneumoniae and Streptomyces plicatus (Arakawa, M., and Muramatsu, T. (1974) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 76, 307-317; Tarentino, A. L., and Maley, F. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 67, 455-462. The enzyme was shown to hydrolyze and di-N-acetylchitobiosyl bond in such compounds as Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)3, Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)5, Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)6 and a glycopeptide from immunoglobulin M, (aa)x-Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)3(Fuc)1. The capacity to hydrolyze the latter compound is a characteristic of the endoglycosidase from D. pneumoniae, but not that from S. plicatus. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that a single enzyme in the hen oviduct endoglycosidase preparation is probably responsible for hydrolyzing both fucose-containing the fucose-depleted substrates. The existence of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in animal tissue may explain why oligosaccharides with N-acetylglucosamine on the reducing terminus accumulate in certain lysosomal storage diseases.
Neuroprotective Effect of Exogenous Microglia in Global Brain Ischemia (2006)

Exogenous microglia pass through the blood-brain barrier and migrate to ischemic hippocampal lesions when injected into the circulation. We investigated the effect of exogenous microglia on ischemic CA1 pyramidal neurons. Microglia were isolated from neonatal mixed brain cultures, labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH26, and injected into the subclavian artery of Mongolian gerbils subjected to ischemia reperfusion neuronal injury. PKH26-labeled microglia migrated to the ischemic hippocampal lesion, resulting in increased numbers of surviving neurons compared with control animals, even when injected 24 h after ischemia. Interferon-gamma stimulation of isolated microglia enhanced the neuroprotective effect. Administration of exogenous microglia resulted in normal performance in a passive avoidance-learning task. Additionally, administration of exogenous microglia increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic hippocampus, and thus might have induced neurotrophin-dependent protective activity in damaged neurons. Peripherally injected microglia exhibited a specific affinity for ischemic brain lesions, and protected against ischemic neuronal injury in vivo. It is possible that administration of exogenous microglia can be developed as a potential candidate therapy for central nervous system repair after transitory global ischemia.
Channel analysis of High Speed Digital Module and correlation between simulations and measurements (2013)

In this paper, Signal integrity (SI) analysis is used to analyze effect of crosstalk on performance of a High Speed Digital Module: its most critical part is simulated by ADS, a simulation tool, and then it is measured by an oscilloscope to verify the correctness of results. Technology trends toward higher speed and device density have increased complexity of PCB design to support fast varying and broadband signals without degrading the SI to unacceptable levels. The SI analysis relies on time-domain simulation of pseudo-random data patterns with at rates about 1 Gb/s. The models, like IBIS and SPICE, are required to describe the electrical behavior of the integrated components involved at interconnect traces. This paper is focused on crosstalk, which is one of the main issues of concern for SI. The final result validation is important to define the limitation of simulation for the pre- and post- layouts of electronic board and to reduce the design risk.
Ultrascience net: network testbed for large-scale science applications (2005)

UltraScienceNet is an experimental wide area network testbed to enable the development of networking technologies required for next-generation large-scale scientific applications. It provides on-demand dedicated high-bandwidth channels for large data transfers, and also high-resolution high-precision channels for fine control operations. In the initial deployment its data plane consists of several thousand miles of dual 10 Gb/s lambdas. The channels are provisioned on demand using layer 1 and 2 switches in the backbone and multiple service provisioning platforms at the edges in a flexible configuration using a secure control plane. A centralized scheduler is employed to compute future channel allocations, and a signaling daemon is used to generate the configuration signals to switches at appropriate times. The control plane is implemented using an out-of-band virtual private network, which encrypts the switching signals, and also provides authenticated user and application access. Transport experiments are conducted on a smaller test connection that provides us useful information about the basic properties and issues of utilizing dedicated channels in applications.
Desulfovibrio Bacterial Species Are Increased in Ulcerative Colitis (2010)

The presence of Desulfovibrio subspecies is increased in ulcerative colitis and the data presented suggest that these bacteria represent an increased percentage of the colonic microbiome in acute ulcerative colitis.
Simple and accurate determination of complex permittivity and skin effect of FR4 material in gigahertz regime (2004)

In this paper, a simple and accurate measurement method of dielectric properties for printed circuit board (PCB) materials will be presented. Here a method is proposed that only requires measurement of scattering parameters for two transmission lines of different lengths etched in FR4 with identical cross-sections. Additionally, the connectors associated with these lines are readily de-embedded fiom the measurement (e.g. SMA connectors or plated-through holes (PTH)). Moreover, the conductor losses can he easily separated from the dielectric losses. Results of dielectric properties for three different types of FR4 material from varying vendors will be provided up to 8.5 GHz.
Superparamagnetic Magnesioferrite Precipitates from Dilute Solutions of Iron in MgO (1967)

Superparamagnetic magnesioferrite particles were precipitated from MgO containing approximately 1 cation % Fe, by aging at 700° and 800°C. The composition was determined to be Mg1.2Fe1.8O3.9 and the spontaneous magnetization at 0°K was 330 emu cm−3. The cation distribution and Curie temperatures were found to depend only on aging temperature, and not on aging time or solution-treating temperature. Curie temperatures of 520° and 490°K were measured on samples aged at 700° and 800°C, and the fraction of iron ions on tetrahedral sites within the precipitate was 0.36 and 0.35, respectively. The saturation magnetization is higher, the Curie temperature is lower, and the fraction of iron ions on tetrahedral sites is less than in bulk stoichiometric MgFe2O4.
Educational Research in Educational Practice: Predictors of Use (2014)

This study investigates the predictors of school practitioners’ (N = 2,425) use of educational research. The suggested model explained significantly but modestly the infrequent use of educational research by practitioners. Of the four factors in the study, “opinions about research” had the most explanatory power. The results are discussed in connection with existing knowledge about school practitioners’ use of educational research and implications for further research and practice.
A 13-b 40-MSamples/s CMOS pipelined folding ADC with background offset trimming (2000)

Two key concepts of pipelining and background offset trimming are applied to demonstrate a 13-b 40-MSamples/s CMOS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on the basic folding and interpolation architecture. Folding amplifier stages made of simple differential pairs are pipelined using distributed interstage track-and-holders. Background offset trimming implemented with a highly oversampling delta-sigma modulator enhances the resolution of the CMOS folders beyond 12 bits. The background offset trimming circuit continuously measures and adjusts the offsets of the folding amplifiers without interfering with the normal operation. The prototype system is further refined using subranging and digital correction, and exhibits a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 82 dB at 40 MSamples/s. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are about /spl plusmn/0.5 and /spl plusmn/2.0 LSB, respectively. The chip fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS occupies 8.7 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 800 mW at 5 V.
Increased renal thromboxane production in murine lupus nephritis. (1986)

To determine whether the amount of cyclooxygenase metabolites correlates with the development of lupus nephritis, intrarenal eicosanoid production was measured in autoimmune mice. Disease progression was related to the renal biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PGE2), prostacyclin (6 keto PGF1 alpha), and thromboxane (TXB2) using the MRL-lpr and NZB X NZW F1 hybrid mouse strains with predictably progressive forms of renal disease that mimic the human illness. Mice were evaluated for renal disease by measuring urinary protein excretion and renal immunopathological conditions and these features were related to renal eicosanoid production. These studies show that: (a) intrarenal synthesis of TXB2 increased incrementally in MRL-lpr and NZB X NZW F1 hybrid mice as renal function deteriorated and renal pathologic events progressed; (b) there were no consistent increases in the levels of two other cyclooxygenase metabolites, PGE2 or 6 keto PGF1 alpha; (c) increased TXB2 production occurred in the renal medulla, cortex, and within enriched preparations of cortical glomeruli; (d) when renal disease was prevented by pharmacologic doses of PGE2, intrarenal TXB2 did not increase; (e) administration of a dose of ibuprofen (9 mg/kg), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor capable of reducing 90% of platelet TXB2 without affecting intrarenal levels, did not retard the progression of renal damage. Taken together, these data indicate that the intrarenal level of TXB2 rises in relation to the severity of murine lupus nephritis. Furthermore, because of the potential deleterious effects of TXA2, enhanced production of this eicosanoid may be an important mediator of renal injury.
Synthesis and Color Tuning Properties of Blue Highly Fluorescent Vinyl Polymers Containing a Pendant Pyrrolopyridazine (2005)

We report here the synthesis, polymerization, and properties of highly fluorescent vinyl polymers containing pendant pyrrolopyridazines. Their luminescence quantum efficiencies can be as high as 60%, and all polymers showed strong luminescence even in the solid state, which is indicative of little self-quenching in these systems. The polymers were processable into films, fibers, and rods that were suitable for several device applications. The fibers and rods showed interesting end luminescence whose colors were tunable by manipulating their geometries.