gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insect Biometrics: Optoacoustic Signal Processing and Its Applications to Remote Monitoring of McPhail Type Traps (2015)

Monitoring traps are important components of integrated pest management applied against important fruit fly pests, including Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) and Ceratitis capitata (Widemann), Diptera of the Tephritidae family, which effect a crop-loss/per year calculated in billions of euros worldwide. Pests can be controlled with ground pesticide sprays, the efficiency of which depends on knowing the time, location and extent of infestations as early as possible. Trap inspection is currently carried out manually, using the McPhail trap, and the mass spraying is decided based on a decision protocol. We introduce the term 'insect biometrics' in the context of entomology as a measure of a characteristic of the insect (in our case, the spectrum of its wingbeat) that allows us to identify its species and make devices to help face old enemies with modern means. We modify a McPhail type trap into becoming electronic by installing an array of photoreceptors coupled to an infrared emitter, guarding the entrance of the trap. The beating wings of insects flying in the trap intercept the light and the light fluctuation is turned to a recording. Custom-made electronics are developed that are placed as an external add-on kit, without altering the internal space of the trap. Counts from the trap are transmitted using a mobile communication network. This trap introduces a new automated remote-monitoring method different to audio and vision-based systems. We evaluate our trap in large number of insects in the laboratory by enclosing the electronic trap in insectary cages. Our experiments assess the potential of delivering reliable data that can be used to initialize reliably the spraying process at large scales but to also monitor the impact of the spraying process as it eliminates the time-lag between acquiring and delivering insect counts to a central agency.
Acid- and Base-Induced Proteins during Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Revealed by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1999)

Proteins induced by acid or base, during long-term aerobic or anaerobic growth in complex medium, were identified in Escherichia coli. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed pH-dependent induction of 18 proteins, nine of which were identified by N-terminal sequencing. At pH 9, tryptophan deaminase (TnaA) was induced to a high level, becoming one of the most abundant proteins observed. TnaA may reverse alkalinization by metabolizing amino acids to produce acidic products. Also induced at high pH, but only in anaerobiosis, was glutamate decarboxylase (GadA). The gad system (GadA/GadBC) neutralizes acidity and enhances survival in extreme acid; its induction during anaerobic growth may help protect alkaline-grown cells from the acidification resulting from anaerobic fermentation. To investigate possible responses to internal acidification, cultures were grown in propionate, a membrane-permeant weak acid which acidifies the cytoplasm. YfiD, a homologue of pyruvate formate lyase, was induced to high levels at pH 4.4 and induced twofold more by propionate at pH 6; both of these conditions cause internal acidification. At neutral or alkaline pH, YfiD was virtually absent. YfiD is therefore a strong candidate for response to internal acidification. Acid or propionate also increased the expression of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) but only during aerobic growth. At neutral or high pH, AhpC showed no significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic growth. The increase of AhpC in acid may help protect the cell from the greater concentrations of oxidizing intermediates at low pH. Isocitrate lyase (AceA) was induced by oxygen across the pH range but showed substantially greater induction in acid or in base than at pH 7. Additional responses observed included the induction of MalE at high pH and induction of several enzymes of sugar metabolism at low pH: the phosphotransferase system components ManX and PtsH and the galactitol fermentation enzyme GatY. Overall, our results indicate complex relationships between pH and oxygen and a novel permeant acid-inducible gene, YfiD.
Puffing of Rice Cakes as Influenced by Tempering and Heating Conditions (1989)

ABSTRACT Puffed rice cakes were produced from long grain brown rice by a pressure‐drop puffing method. Effects of raw rice tempering conditions (time and moisture level) and heating conditions (temperature and time) immediately before puffing on rice cake volume were investigated. In general, a lower moisture level (14% vs 16–20%) in raw rice and longer tempering time (5 hr vs 1–3 hr) resulted in higher specific volumes in rice cakes. Higher heating temperature (230°C vs 200–220°C) and 8 sec heating produced rice cakes with higher specific volumes. Darker cakes were obtained with the high temperature and long time combinations.
A Framework for Telephony Routing over IP (2000)

This document serves as a framework for Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP), which supports the discovery and exchange of IP telephony gateway routing tables between providers. The document defines the problem of telephony routing exchange, and motivates the need for the protocol. It presents an architectural framework for TRIP, defines terminology, specifies the various protocol elements and their functions, overviews the services provided by the protocol, and discusses how it fits into the broader context of Internet telephony.
Some Properties of Butyl Rubber-Carbon Black Systems (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Properties of Butyl Rubber-Carbon Black SystemsF. P. Ford and A. M. GesslerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 4, 819–824Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50508a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50508a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transformation of a dwarf <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutant illustrates gibberellin hormone physiology and the function of a Green Revolution gene (2009)

The introduction of dwarfing traits into crops was a major factor in increased grain yields during the "Green Revolution." In most cases those traits were the consequence of altered synthesis or response to the gibberellin (GA) plant hormones. Our current understanding of GA synthesis and physiology has been facilitated by the characterization of mutants. To introduce concepts about GA hormone physiology and plant transformation in an undergraduate laboratory course we have used ga5, a semi-dwarf Arabidopsis mutant with reduced activity of GA 20-oxidase. In this laboratory exercise, Arabidopsis ga5 mutant plants are transformed by the floral-dip method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying plasmid constructs conferring kanamycin resistance and containing the GA5 gene. Within 4 weeks, seeds of transformed plants can be easily screened by antibiotic resistance on plates. After transfer to soil the dwarf mutant plants transformed with a wild-type version of the gene show normal size. In addition to offering a visual understanding of the effect of GA on stem elongation, students learn additional techniques in this experiment, including PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. This experiment is cost effective and can be completed within a 4-month term.
DT-CNN: An Energy-Efficient Dilated and Transposed Convolutional Neural Network Processor for Region of Interest Based Image Segmentation (2020)

An energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) processor is proposed for real-time image segmentation on mobile devices. The proposed processor utilizes Region of Interest (ROI) based image segmentation to speed up the process and reduce the overall external memory access. Although the ROI based image segmentation degrades the segmentation accuracy, the proposed dilation rate adjustment algorithm, which regulates the receptive field depending on the ROI resolution during dilated convolution, compensates for the accuracy degradation up to 0.2310 mean Intersection over Union (mIoU). In addition, the processor accelerates the dilated and transposed convolution by skipping the redundant zero computations with the proposed delay cells. As a result, the throughput of dilated and transposed convolution is increased up to ×159 and ×3.84 . The delay cells can also support the variable dilation rates in dilated convolution caused by the dilation rate adjustment algorithm. Moreover, the processor selects the operating frequency based on the ROI resolution to save power consumption up to 81.2%. The processor is simulated in 65 nm CMOS technology, and the 6.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> processor consumes the 206 mW power consumption with the 4.66 ms of processing time and 3.22 TOPS/W energy-efficiency at the target image segmentation dataset.
Self-recharging virtual currency (2005)

Market-based control is attractive for networked computing utilities in which consumers compete for shared resources (computers, storage, network bandwidth). This paper proposes a new self-recharging virtual currency model as a common medium of exchange in a computational market. The key idea is to recycle currency through the economy automatically while bounding the rate of spending by consumers. Currency budgets may be distributed among consumers according to any global policy; consumers spend their budgets to schedule their resource usage through time, but cannot hoard their currency or starve.We outline the design and rationale for self-recharging currency in Cereus, a system for market-based community resource sharing, in which participants are authenticated and sanctions are sufficient to discourage fraudulent behavior. Currency transactions in Cereus are accountable: offline third-party audits can detect and prove cheating, so participants may transfer and recharge currency autonomously without involvement of the trusted banking service.
Minireview: Fibronectin in retinal disease (2016)

Retinal fibrosis, characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition by retinal endothelial cells, pigment epithelial cells, and other resident cell-types, is a unifying feature of several common retinal diseases. Fibronectin is an early constituent of newly deposited ECM and serves as a template for assembly of other ECM proteins, including collagens. Under physiologic conditions, fibronectin is found in all layers of Bruch’s membrane. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a complication of retinal surgery, is characterized by ECM accumulation. Among the earliest histologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is capillary basement membrane thickening, which occurs due to perturbations in ECM homeostasis. Neovascularization, the hallmark of late stage DR as well as exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), involves ECM assembly as a scaffold for the aberrant new vessel architecture. Rodent models of retinal injury demonstrate a key role for fibronectin in complications characteristic of PVR, including retinal detachment. In mouse models of DR, reducing fibronectin gene expression has been shown to arrest the accumulation of ECM in the capillary basement membrane. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase activity thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AMD impact the turnover of fibronectin matrix as well as collagens. Growth factors involved in PVR, AMD, and DR, such as PDGF and TGFβ, are known to stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly. A deeper understanding of how pathologic ECM deposition contributes to disease progression may help to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Applying the Retro‐Enantio Approach To Obtain a Peptide Capable of Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier (2015)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable physical and enzymatic barrier that tightly controls the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain. In fact, less than 2 % of all potential neurotherapeutics are able to cross it. Here, by applying the retro-enantio approach to a peptide that targets the transferrin receptor, a full protease-resistant peptide with the capacity to act as a BBB shuttle was obtained and thus enabled the transport of a variety of cargos into the central nervous system.
Isolation of CD4-Independent Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates That Are Syncytium Inducing and Acutely Cytopathic for CD8<sup>+</sup>Lymphocytes (2004)

Previous studies have established the existence of CD4-independent simian immunodeficiency virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), and laboratory strains of HIV-1. However, whether CD4-independent viruses may also exist in HIV-1-infected patients has remained unclear. We have recently reported the isolation of viruses from an AIDS patient that were able to infect CD8(+) cells independent of CD4, using CD8 as a receptor. Using a similar approach, here we examined viruses from 12 randomly selected patients (obtained from the AIDS Research and Reference Program, National Institutes of Health) for the presence of CD4-independent HIV-1. CD4-independent variants were isolated from infected CD8(+) cells from the viral quasispecies of 7 of 12 patients. The CD4-independent isolates were able to infect primary CD8(+) cells as well as a CD4(-) CD8(+) T-cell line. Soluble CD4 and blocking anti-CD4 or -CD8 antibody had no effect on infection of CD8(+) cells. Remarkably, two of the seven CD4-independent isolates, but not their parental bulk viruses, induced syncytia and caused acute death of infected CD8(+) cells. Some of the CD4-independent variants were also able to infect U87 cells that were negative for CD4, CD8, and common HIV coreceptors, suggesting a novel entry mechanism for these isolates. The CD4-independent isolates were derived from adults and children infected with subtypes A, B, and D. Although no common motif for CD4 independence was found, novel sequence changes were observed in critical areas of the envelopes of the CD4-independent viruses. These results demonstrate that HIV-1-infected patients can frequently harbor viruses that are able to mediate CD4-independent infection of CD8(+) cells. In addition, this study also provides evidence of primary HIV-1 variants that are syncytium inducing and acutely cytopathic for CD8(+) lymphocytes.
Novel Methods for Modeling of Multiple Vias in Multilayered Parallel-Plate Structures (2009)

This paper presents novel modeling methods for accurate and efficient analysis of coupling of multiple vias in finite-sized multilayered parallel-plate structures. The new modeling methods address two open problems related to the modal expansion with the T-matrix method for the analysis of via coupling. First, a novel boundary modeling method, called the frequency-dependent cylinder layer (FDCL), is proposed to resolve the open problem of boundary modeling. In the FDCL, virtual cylinders with dynamic radii are postulated to approximate the original finite-sized boundary of parallel-plate structures. Second, a generalized T-matrix model, which is derived by the mode-matching technique, is created to characterize the coupling effect for vias penetrating more than one layer in a multilayered structure. With the two open problems successfully solved, the modal expansion with the T-matrix method incorporating the FDCL boundary modeling method and the generalized T-matrix model can now be fully utilized for efficient and accurate analysis of finite-sized multilayered parallel-plate structures with a large number of vias. Both numerical and experimental verifications are presented to validate the new modeling methods.
An image reduction method using MR codes (1997)

The use of office automation machines, such as facsimile machines and copiers, is widespread. Thus technologies which use and store hand-written documents and drawings (binary image data) electronically are important. Image reduction methods are among such technologies and generally use a method in which the pixels are thinned out. However, this causes deterioration in the image quality, for example, missing characters and fine lines, because of its uniform processing regardless of the content of the image. In this paper, a new reduction method using MR codes is proposed to prevent deterioration in the image quality. The MR code is used to encode the image data in a facsimile, electronic filing, or other systems, and includes two dimensional characteristics of the image. Therefore, the proposed method enables one to process flexibly according to the content of the image. Furthermore, the proposed method reduces computational time by directly processing the image into MR code. Compared with conventional processing methods, in terms of processing time, and subjective and objective evaluations, it is confirmed that the proposed method enables one to improve image quality while saving processing time. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(7): 1–10, 1997
Experimenting N-Grams in Text Categorization. (2007)

This paper deals with automatic supervised classification of documents. The approach suggested is based on a vector representation of the documents centred not on the words but on the n-grams of characters for varying n. The effects of this method are examined in several experiments using the multivariate chi-square to reduce the dimensionality, the cosine and Kullback&Liebler distances, and two benchmark corpuses the reuters-21578 newswire articles and the 20 newsgroups data for evaluation. The evaluation was done, by using the macroaveraged F1 function. The results show the effectiveness of this approach compared to the Bag-OfWord and stem representations.
Superconducting kinetic inductance detectors for astrophysics (2007)

The kinetic inductance detector (KID) is an exciting new device that promises high-sensitivity, large-format, submillimetre to x-ray imaging arrays for astrophysics. KIDs comprise a superconducting thin-film microwave resonator capacitively coupled to a probe transmission line. By exciting the electrical resonance with a microwave probe signal, the transmission phase of the resonator can be monitored, allowing the deposition of energy or power to be detected. We describe the fabrication and low-temperature testing, down to 26 mK, of a number of devices, and confirm the basic principles of operation. The KIDs were fabricated on r-plane sapphire using superconducting niobium and aluminium as the resonator material, and tantalum as the x-ray absorber. KID quality factors of up to Q = (741 ± 15) × 103 were measured for niobium at 1 K, and quasiparticle effective recombination times of τ*R = 30 µs after x-ray absorption. Al/Ta quasiparticle traps were combined with resonators to make complete detectors. These devices were operated at 26 mK with quality factors of up Q = (187.7 ± 3.5) × 103 and a phase-shift responsivity of ∂θ/∂Nqp = (5.06 ± 0.23) × 10−6 degrees per quasiparticle. Devices were characterized both at thermal equilibrium and as x-ray detectors. A range of different x-ray pulse types was observed. Low phase-noise readout measurements on Al/Ta KIDs gave a minimum NEP = 1.27 × 10−16 W Hz−1/2 at a readout frequency of 550 Hz and NEP = 4.60 × 10−17 W Hz−1/2 at 95 Hz, for effective recombination times τ*R = 100 µs and τ*R = 350 µs respectively. This work demonstrates that high-sensitivity detectors are possible, encouraging further development and research into KIDs.
Preliminary evaluation of glass resin materials for solar cell cover use (1978)

The glass resins were deposited by several techniques on 200 micron thick cells and on 50 microns thick wafers. The covered cells were exposed to ultraviolet light in vacuum to an intensity of 10 UV energy-equivalent solar constants at air mass zero for 728 hr. The exposure was followed by a single long thermal cycle from ambient temperature to -150 C. Visual inspection of the samples indicated that all samples had darkened to varying degrees. The loss in short-circuit current was found to range from 8 to 24%, depending on the resin formulation. In another test over 40 glass resin-coated silicon wafers withstood 15 thermal cycles from 100 to-196 C in one or more of the thicknesses tested. Several of the resin-coated wafers were tested at 65 C and 90% relative humidity for 170 hr. No change in physical appearance was detected.
Electrical breakdown and ultrahigh electrical energy density in poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer (2009)

This paper investigates the electrical breakdown of a polar fluoropolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) which exhibits an exceptionally high discharged electrical energy density (&gt;25 J/cm3). It is shown that above room temperature, the breakdown strength decreases with temperature. It is further shown that such a temperature dependence of breakdown strength is consistent with the electromechanical breakdown model by taking into consideration of the plastic deformation of semicrystalline polymers.
Diffusion barrier and electrical characteristics of a self-aligned MgO layer obtained from a Cu(Mg) alloy film (2000)

Diffusion barrier characteristics and electrical properties of self-aligned MgO layers obtained from a Cu(Mg) alloy film have been investigated. Self-aligned surface and interfacial MgO layers were formed upon annealing a Cu(Mg) film in an oxygen ambient and prevented interdiffusion of Cu in SiO2 up to 700 °C. The thermal stability of a pure Cu/TiN/Si multilayer system has been significantly enhanced up to 800 °C by the MgO layers by forming a MgO/Cu/MgO/TiN/Si multilayer system. A combined structure of Si3N4(500 Å)/MgO(100 Å) increased the breakdown voltage up to 20 V from 15 V and reduced the leakage current density down to 3×10−9 A/cm2 from 1×10−8 A/cm2 compared to a pure copper system. Consequently, the deposition of Cu(Mg) alloy followed by annealing in an oxygen ambient gives rise to the formation of a self-aligned MgO layer with excellent diffusion barrier and electrical characteristics and the film can be applied as a gate electrode in thin-film transistor/liquid-crystal displays, resulting in a reduction of process steps.
Synthesis of a Compact Tetralattice Heat Exchanger using Solid Freeform Fabrication and Comparison Testing Against a Tube Heat Exchanger (2001)

The challenge for Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) lies in fabricating complex parts that are not possible by conventional manufacturing means. The goal was to apply SFF techniques to complex geometry heat exchangers. The heat exchanger structure is modeled after the covalently bonded carbon atoms of a diamond. The tetrahedron diamond lattice, or Tetralattice, is a repeating lattice unit that forms a network of channels to form the heat exchanger. Electroforming methods creating Tetralattice were applied to synthesize an air-oil compact heat exchanger. After production, the heat exchanger was tested and compared with an industry standard heat exchanger for performance evaluation.