gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional photonic switching operation of 1500 nm Y-coupled cavity laser (YCCL) with 28 nm tuning capability (1991)

The authors present new results on extended electrical tuning, fast spatial switching, and optically controlled wavelength conversion characteristics for the recently developed InP-based Y-laser structure. The devices have a 80 nm thick bulk InGaAsP active layer and are completely grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The facets at both ends of the chip are as-cleaved without antireflective coating. The addressable range for electrically controlled wavelength switching was extended to the record value of 28 nm. When operated as a lossless 1:2 optical space switch, fiber-to-fiber gain >0 dB, extinction ratio >50 dB and high speed operation up to 1 Gb/s were shown. Optically triggered tunable wavelength conversion including dynamic operation was also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V messenger RNA levels in LEC rats during hepatocarcinogenesis. (1993)

The LEC (Long-Evans with a cinnamon-like color) rat is a mutant of the Long-Evans strain which develops hereditary hepatitis and hepatoma with age. Activities and mRNA levels of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V (GnT-III and GnT-V, respectively) were determined during hepatocarcinogenesis in this rat using a LEA (Long-Evans with an agouti color) rat as a control. GnT-III activity in LEC rat liver increased after 30 weeks of age, at the stage of chronic hepatitis, to about 2.5-11.5 times the level in LEC rats aged 1-9 weeks. GnT-V activity in the LEC rat liver increased after 20 weeks of age, at the stage of acute hepatitis, to about 1.5-2.5 times the level in LEC rats of 1-9 weeks of age and then remained elevated. Both enzymes showed more dramatic increases in males than in females. The mRNA levels of the enzymes increased in proportion with the enzyme activities. Furthermore, GnT-III and GnT-V mRNAs were highly expressed in both cancer lesion and adjacent tissues. In one case of hepatoma with lymph node metastasis, GnT-III and GnT-V mRNA expression was much higher in the metastatic lesion than in the original cancer. GnT-III and GnT-V levels in the original cancer lesions were similar to those in the cancer lesions of the other LEC rats. These results indicated that expression of GnT-III and GnT-V was induced by chronic liver damage and hepatocarcinogenic changes in the LEC rats.
Processus catalytiques dans un réacteur à plasma hors d'équilibre II. Fixation de l'azote dans le système N2-O2 (1980)

Nous avons étudié la catalyse hétérogène en déposant des oxydes métalliques (MoO3, WO3) sur la paroi du réacteur. Un important effet catalytique a été observé : le taux de fixation passe de 8 % à 19 %. L'étape clé du processus est la chimisorption de l'azote vibrationnellement excité, suivie par la réaction avec l'oxygène mobile du catalyseur. La nature hors d'équilibre du plasma permet d'accélérer ce processus catalytique par rapport aux systèmes thermiques.
mrFPGA: A novel FPGA architecture with memristor-based reconfiguration (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a novel FPGA architecture with memristor-based reconfiguration (mrFPGA). The proposed architecture is based on the existing CMOS-compatible memristor fabrication process. The programmable interconnects of mrFPGA use only memristors and metal wires so that the interconnects can be fabricated over logic blocks, resulting in significant reduction of overall area and interconnect delay but without using a 3D die-stacking process. Using memristors to build up the interconnects can also provide capacitance shielding from unused routing paths and reduce interconnect delay further. Moreover we propose an improved architecture that allows adaptive buffer insertion in interconnects to achieve more speedup. Compared to the fixed buffer pattern in conventional FPGAs, the positions of inserted buffers in mrFPGA are optimized on demand. A complete CAD flow is provided for mrFPGA, with an advanced P&R tool named mrVPR that was developed for mrFPGA. The tool can deal with the novel routing structure of mrFPGA, the memristor shielding effect, and the algorithm for optimal buffer insertion. We evaluate the area, performance and power consumption of mrFPGA based on the 20 largest MCNC benchmark circuits. Results show that mrFPGA achieves 5.18x area savings, 2.28x speedup and 1.63x power savings. Further improvement is expected with combination of 3D technologies and mrFPGA.
Surface transfer doping of diamond by MoO<sub>3</sub>: A combined spectroscopic and Hall measurement study (2013)

Surface transfer doping of diamond has been demonstrated using MoO 3 as a surface electron acceptor material. Synchrotron-based high resolution photoemission spectroscopy reveals that electrons are transferred from the diamond surface to MoO 3 , leading to the formation of a sub-surface quasi 2-dimensional hole gas within the diamond. Ex-situ electrical characterization demonstrated an increase in hole carrier concentration from 1.00 10 13 /cm 2 for the air-exposed hydrogen-terminated diamond surface to 2.16 10 13 /cm 2 following MoO 3 deposition. This demonstrates the potential to improve the stability and performance of hydrogen-terminated diamond electronic devices through the incorporation of high electron affinity transition metal oxides.
Reliability analysis of high-speed and sustained data recording system based on disk array (2003)

A novel data recording system based on disk array is designed to satisfy the demand of high-speed sustained data recording in many real-time fields. When the scale of the disk array increases to satisfy the higher recording speed and larger capacity, the system reliability will be worse, even in the traditional parity group (TPG) scheme. In order to record data correctly and reliably, two new schemes named floating parity group (FPG) and full 2D-parity group (full 2D-PG) are proposed to improve the system reliability. The analysis shows that the system reliability in these two new schemes is much higher than that of the traditional scheme.
Effects of foliar applications of urea or Nutriphite on flowering and yields of Valencia orange trees (1999)

Valencia orange yields have been related to the num ber of flowers in the spring bloom, and the number of induced flower buds is determined by climatic stress factors such as
Frequency of Isolation of <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> among Staphylococcal Isolates Causing Endocarditis: a 20-Year Experience (2000)

Eighty-nine staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacterial endocarditis at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1999 were studied to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus lugdunensis among clinical isolates of staphylococci causing endocarditis. Four isolates, all from patients with native mitral valve endocarditis, were identified as S. lugdunensis.
Fault Attacks and Countermeasures on Vigilant's RSA-CRT Algorithm (2010)

At CHES 2008, Vigilant proposed an efficient way of implementing a CRT-RSA resistant against Fault Analysis. In this paper, we investigate the fault-resistance of this scheme and we show that it is not immune to fault injection. Indeed, we highlight two weaknesses which can lead an attacker to recover the whole private key by using only one faulty signature. We also suggest some modifications with a negligible cost to improve the fault-resistance of Vigilant's scheme. Therefore the scheme including modifications remains suited to embedded device constraints.
A paradigm for concurrency control in heterogeneous distributed database systems (2002)

A heterogeneous distributed databases system (HDDBS) is a system which integrates preexisting databases to support global applications accessing more than one database. An outline of approaches to concurrency control in HDDBSs is presented. The top-down approach emerges as a viable paradigm for ensuring the proper concurrent execution of global transactions in an HDDBS. The primary contributions of this work are the general schemes for local concurrency control with prespecified global serialization orders. Two approaches are outlined. One is intended for performance enhancement but violates design autonomy, while the other does not violate local autonomy at the cost of generality (it does not apply to all local concurrency control protocols). This study is intended as a guide to concurrency control in this new environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Ligands - Current Status (2001)

The serotonin (5-HT) receptor system has 14 different subtypes classified by pharmacology and function. Many ligands are widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in some severe human diseases. Most of the ligands that are specific for each 5-HT receptor have distinctive chemical structures with regard to pharmacophore elements including 4-arylpiperazine, benzimidazole, benzamide, chroman, aminopyridazine, tetralin, and polycycles. However, their affinity and selectivity for 5-HT, dopamine and alpha1 receptors depend on their substituents and linker spacers. 5-HT transporter inhibitors have also been developed as potential antidepressants. In contrast to classical tricyclic compounds, newly developed secondary amine derivatives such as paroxetine and tetralin show high binding affinity and selectivity. Radioisotope-labeled ligands have also been developed, including [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY 100635 for 5-HT1A receptor, [(11C) or (18)F]ketanserine derivatives for 5-HT(2) receptor, [(125)I]DAIZAC for 5-HT(3) receptor, and [123I]IDAM for 5-HT transporter, and these are accumulated in brain regions that are rich in the respective receptors. This review summarizes the recent development of 5-HT receptor- and transporter-specific ligands and their pharmacological properties on the basis of their chemical structures.
Chloroquine inhibits processing of tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (1997)

TNF, a potent immunoregulatory cytokine, is associated with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral malaria when produced in excess. Antimalarial agents such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used to treat some rheumatic diseases. Chloroquine was reported to inhibit production of TNF, although the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, addition of chloroquine at nontoxic concentrations did not inhibit induction of TNF mRNA and NF-kappaB activity. In the same cells, synthesis and steady state level of 26-kDa pro-TNF were also not significantly reduced by addition of chloroquine, while only small amount of 17-kDa mature TNF was detected in the medium. A pulse-chase experiment of pro-TNF produced in chloroquine-treated cells showed significant inhibition of processing of prohormone. Hydroxychloroquine showed similar inhibitory effect, whereas other lysosomal inhibitors such as ammonium chloride and methylamine had no effect on the production of TNF. Our results suggest that chloroquine inhibits production of TNF at the step of processing of membrane-bound pro-TNF to make soluble mature protein in a lysosome-independent manner.
Design of high-efficiency and high-torque-density switched reluctance motor for vehicle propulsion (2002)

A high-density and high-efficiency switched reluctance (SR) motor has been designed and built for vehicle propulsion. Extensive finite-element analyses have been carried out to optimize the geometry for high density. Steady-state performance of the drive has been simulated to ensure good efficiency at all speeds. Special attention has been given during machine design to lower the acoustic noise. Direct liquid cooling of the winding has been designed to improve the machine overload capability. Dyno test results are presented which show good overall performance of the SR drive for vehicle propulsion.
HZSM-5 Zeolites with Different SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Ratios. Characterization and NH<sub>3</sub>Desorption Kinetics (2014)

This article reports the influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (30, 80, and 280) on HZSM-5 zeolite properties. XRD patterns show a decrease in the XRD peak intensity at low 2θ angles for low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio zeolites. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms display hysteresis with both micropores and mesopores likely contributing to the particles network. The NLDFT cylindrical model confirms the characteristic 5.5 Å micropores in the zeolite pore framework. Furthermore, specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distributions demonstrate that changes in the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio do not influence HZSM-5 structural properties. NH3-TPD shows both weak and strong acid sites. Pyridine-FTIR also confirms that, in HZSM-5, the weak acidity encompasses Lewis and hydrogen-bonded sites, while the strong acidity mainly involves the Brönsted acid sites. It is proven that the ratio of weak to strong acid sites as measured by NH3-TPD and Pyridine-FTIR displays similar changes to the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Furthermore, NH3 desorption kinetics and numerical regression allow the establishment of energies of activation for both strong and weak acid sites. It is also found that the kinetic desorption rate constants vary in agreement with the changes in weak and strong acid sites as observed with NH3-TPD and Pyridine-FTIR.
<b>Molecular cloning and functional expression of codeinone reductase: the penultimate enzyme in morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy <i>Papaver somniferum</i></b> (1999)

Summary The narcotic analgesic morphine is the major alkaloid of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum . Its biosynthetic precursor codeine is currently the most widely used and effective antitussive agent. Along the morphine biosynthetic pathway in opium poppy, codeinone reductase catalyzes the NADPH‐dependent reduction of codeinone to codeine. In this study, we have isolated and characterized four cDNAs encoding codeinone reductase isoforms and have functionally expressed them in Escherichia coli . Heterologously expressed codeinone reductase‐calmodulin‐binding peptide fusion protein was purified from E. coli using calmodulin affinity column chromatography in a yield of 10 mg enzyme l ‐1 . These four isoforms demonstrated very similar physical properties and substrate specificity. As least six alleles appear to be present in the poppy genome. A comparison of the translations of the nucleotide sequences indicate that the codeinone reductase isoforms are 53% identical to 6′‐deoxychalcone synthase from soybean suggesting an evolutionary although not a functional link between enzymes of phenylpropanoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. By sequence comparison, both codeinone reductase and 6′‐deoxy‐ chalcone synthase belong to the aldo/keto reductase family, a group of structurally and functionally related NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases, and thereby possibly arise from primary metabolism.
Ectopic pregnancy: criteria and accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis (1978)

Of 26 ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made in 77%, while a false negative diagnosis was made in 23%. Most commonly, the ectopic pregnancy appeared as a complex adnexal mass immediately adjacent to an enlarged "empty" uterus. Ultrasonic identification of an extrauterine gestational sac, allowing a definitive diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, was uncommon.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) (1993)

After a short introductory review of the state-of-the-art of VCSELs novel double-mesa structures for extremely low lasing thresholds of 650 pA and wide tuning ranges of 5.6 nm are presented. The topics addressed include dynamics and noise behavior, higher order transverse mode oscillation, external and coupled cavity systems, and injection locking.
Vγ9Vδ2 TCR‐activation by phosphorylated antigens requires butyrophilin 3 A1 <scp>(</scp> <i>BTN3A1</i> <scp>)</scp> and additional genes on human chromosome 6 (2014)

Pyrophosphorylated metabolites of isoprenoid-biosynthesis (phosphoantigens, PAgs) activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells during infections and trigger antitumor activity. This activation depends on expression of butyrophilin 3 A1 (BTN3A1) by antigen-presenting cells. This report defines the minimal genetic requirements for activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by PAgs and mAb 20.1. We compared PAg-presentation by BTN3A1-transduced CHO hamster cells with that of CHO cells containing the complete human chromosome 6 (Chr6). BTN3A1 expression alone was sufficient for activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor transductants by mAb 20.1., while activation by PAgs also required the presence of Chr6. We take this finding as evidence that gene(s) on Chr6 in addition to BTN3A1 are mandatory for PAg-mediated activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This observation is important for the design of animal models for PAg-mediated immune responses and provokes speculations about the analogy between genes controlling PAg presentation and MHC-localized genes controlling peptide-antigen presentation.
Diagnostic imaging modalities for the surveillance of melanoma patients: A meta-analysis. (2010)

8581 Background: Diagnostic imaging provides critical information for surveillance of cancer patients. The purpose of this meta- analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) for post-surgical surveillance of regional and distant metastatic melanoma. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review of the literature (1990-2009) was conducted. Eligible studies included 10 or more melanoma patients, comparisons of diagnostic modalities to a gold standard, and patient-level data. Studies were rated according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) scale (0-14). A meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian bivariate binomial models that examine pairs of observed sensitivity and specificity estimates and account for possible correlation between these two outcome variables. Additionally, diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were determined as a single indicator of test performance. Results: A total of 74 articles satisfied the search criteria for US (n = 22), CT (n = 13), PET (n = 42), and PET/CT (n = 13). The overall mean QUADAS score was 5.8 (SD = 2.5). For indentifying regional lymph node metastasis at follow-up, US had the highest sensitivity (96%), specificity (99%), and DOR (1675) compared to CT (61%, 97% and 46), PET (87%, 98% and 391), and PET/CT (65%, 99% and 196). For identifying distant metastases, PET/CT had the highest sensitivity (86%), specificity (91%), and DOR (67) compared to CT (63%, 78% and 6) and PET alone (82%, 83% and 22). Conclusions: Among diagnostic imaging modalities, US is the best test for the detection of regional lymph node metastases, while PET/CT is the best test for the detection of distant metastases. As technology related to diagnostic imaging continues to advance, these findings provide information critical to defining evidence-based surveillance strategies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Stretching and subsidence: Rifting of conjugate margins in the North Atlantic Region (1993)

Subsidence on rifted conjugate continental margins around the North Atlantic is analyzed to derive the amount and areal distribution of stretching in the crust and in the lower lithosphere during continental rifting. Study areas are the Grand Banks and Orphan Basin regions of the eastern Canadian continental margin and the Goban Spur and Galicia Bank regions off western Europe. In all areas, maps of synrift and postrift sediment thickness and bathymetry were used to derive maps of post‐ and synrift subsidence. A two‐layer lithospheric stretching model with independent amounts of stretching in the crust and in the lower lithosphere was assumed to be applicable, with the rifting history approximated by several instantaneous episodes of extension. This model was used to derive estimates of stretching at all points on a 0.05° geographical grid, where subsidence values were available within the study regions. The models are constrained with seismic measurements of crustal thickness. The results imply that pure shear stretching predominates at a lithospheric scale, while simple shear is more localized laterally and confined to the crust. In places there is significant decoupling between crustal and mantle stretching. Near the continent‐ocean boundary, final continental breakup may be localized on one side of the rift between conjugate margin pairs, rather than symmetrically located. Total extension of the margins is compatible with that estimated from normal fault geometries and indicates that the continent‐ocean boundary has been extended up to 350 km seaward of its original position, which should be considered in plate kinematic reconstructions.
[Mitral commissurotomy in children and adolescents]. (1989)

The article analyses the results of operations on 184 children and adolescents with rheumatic mitral stenosis. "Pure" mitral stenosis was diagnosed in 48.4% of patients, valvular stenosis in combination with relative tricuspid insufficiency--in 23.4%, mitral valvular disease with I degree regurgitation--in 26%, and mitral stenosis combined with aortic valvular diseases which did not need surgical correction--in 2.2% of patients. Transventricular instrumental commissurotomy was performed in 73.9% of patients, digital commissurotomy--in 7.1%, open mitral commissurotomy under conditions of extracorporeal circulation--in 3 patients. Adequate distention of the mitral orifice was achieved in 84% of patients, incomplete separation--in 16%. Complications occurred after the operation in 29.7% of patients. Traumatic mitral insufficiency developed in 38 patients. The immediate results were good in 84.2%, satisfactory--in 9.9%, and poor--in 3.2% of patients. Hospital mortality was 2.7%.
Molecular Organometallic Chemistry on Surfaces: Reactivity of Metal Carbonyls on Metal Oxides (1988)

Abstract Metal carbonyls react on metal oxide surfaces to give a wide range of structures analogous to those of known compounds. The reactions leading to formation of surface‐bound metal carbonyls are explained by known molecular organometallic chemistry and the functional group chemistry of the surfaces. The reaction classes include formation of acid‐base adducts as the oxygen of a carbonyl group donates an electron pair to a Lewis acidic center; nucleophilic attack at CO ligands by basic surface hydroxyl groups or O 2⊖ ions; ion‐pair formation by deprotonation of hydrido carbonyls to give carbonylate ions; interaction of bifunctional complexes with surface acid‐base pair sites such as [Mg 2⊕ O 2⊖ ]; and oxidative addition of surface hydroxyl groups to metal clusters. The reactions of surface‐bound organometallic species include redox condensation and cluster formation on basic surfaces (paralleling the reactions in basic solution) as well as oxidation of mononuclear metal complexes and oxidative fragmentation of metal clusters by reaction with surface hydroxyl groups. Most supported metal carbonyls are unstable at high temperatures, but some, including osmium carbonyl cluster anions on the basic MgO surface, are strongly stabilized in the presence of CO and are precursors of catalysts for CO hydrogenation at 550 K.
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation with (Salen)manganese(III) Complex Bearing Binaphthyl Groups of Axial Chirality (1993)

Chiral (salen)manganese(III) complexes bearing binaphthyl groups of axial chirality were newly prepared and used for the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins as catalysts. Epoxidation of cis-olefins was found to proceed with high enantioselectivity in the presence of pyridine N-oxide, when complex 4a was used as a catalyst.