gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of collagenase to hydrogel dressings in wound debridement. (2010)

This study showed statistical significance in favor of collagenase when used to debride nonviable tissue in pressure ulcers. Despite recommendations to cross-hatch eschar, statistical significance was still achieved when wounds were not cross-hatched, indicating clinical utility in settings without clinician availability for the cross-hatching procedure.
Au nanoparticle-functionalised WO<sub>3</sub>nanoneedles and their application in high sensitivity gas sensor devices (2010)

A new method of synthesising nanoparticle-functionalised nanostructured materials via Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD) has been developed. Co-deposition of Au nanoparticles with WO(3) nanoneedles has been used to deposit a sensing layer directly onto gas sensor substrates providing devices with a six-fold increase in response to low concentrations of a test analyte (ethanol).
Changes in Immune Parameters Seen in Gulf War Veterans but Not in Civilians with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate immune function through the assessment of lymphocyte subpopulations (total T cells, major histocompatibility complex [MHC] I- and II-restricted T cells, B cells, NK cells, MHC II-restricted T-cell-derived naive and memory cells, and several MHC I-restricted T-cell activation markers) and the measurement of cytokine gene expression (interleukin 2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Subjects included two groups of patients meeting published case definitions for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)-a group of veterans who developed their illness following their return home from participating in the Gulf War and a group of nonveterans who developed the illness sporadically. Case control comparison groups were comprised of healthy Gulf War veterans and nonveterans, respectively. We found no significant difference for any of the immune variables in the nonveteran population. In contrast, veterans with CFS had significantly more total T cells and MHC II+ T cells and a significantly higher percentage of these lymphocyte subpopulations, as well as a significantly lower percentage of NK cells, than the respective controls. In addition, veterans with CFS had significantly higher levels of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha than the controls. These data do not support the hypothesis of immune dysfunction in the genesis of CFS for sporadic cases of CFS but do suggest that service in the Persian Gulf is associated with an altered immune status in veterans who returned with severe fatiguing illness.
New Opportunities for Satellite Integrated Power and Attitude Control Systems (1996)

The use of energy storage wheels having the dual
function of kinetic accumulator (replacing conventional
batteries) and attitude control has been recognized for
some time as attractive for low earth orbit satellite
applications. Recent technology advances in high energy
density composite rotors, high speed motor/generator, ball
bearings and magnetic bearings, and power electronics
have created new opportunities for the practical and cost
effective realization of the concept. Indeed the attitude
control/energy storage (ACES) system offers potential
substantial improvement in life, energy efficiency and
power surge, and weight over batteries resulting in
significant savings in overall satellite weight and
complexity.
for
In order to be competitive the system must
invoke the most advanced technologies in several critical
areas and resort to innovative and ingenious design
solutions. Wheel angular speeds must be increased
dramatically over those of traditional reaction wheels thus
enforcing the use of high strength composites for the
rotor, stressing the design of both motor/generator and
bearing assemblies, and exacerbating rotordynamics and
thermal management.
This paper presents results of the feasibility study
of a high specific energy flywheel to meet the energy and
momentum exchange needs of a LandSat class, low earth
orbit satellite. Based on a six-wheel system configuration
for redundancy each flywheel offers a 354 Wh energy
storage capability with a maximum angular speed of
60,000 rpm. While every subsystem was optimized as a
contributor to overall system weight minimization, the
paper focuses on two critical components, the high speed
composite rotor and the suspension system. A thin
composite disk of constant thickness incorporating a
mixture of circumferential and radial plies is selected as
the best contender to achieve the maximum possible
energy storage of a composite wheel. Two options are
considered for suspending the flywheel: ball bearings and
magnetic bearings. The Draper retainerless ball bearing
assembly using an oozing flow lubricator provides a
simple, lightweight and low power bearing system. The
Draper homopolar magnetic bearing utilizing pole tip
shaping and permanent magnet bias gives a long lifetime
system with built-in redundancy while providing active
position control and vibration damping. The mechanical
system is integrated with a stiffness and damping
distribution carefully selected to avoid potential
rotordynamics instabilities. Finally the control system is
architectured to manage the speeds of six wheels
operating simultaneously as energy- and momentum-
exchange devices.
Myeloid lineage progenitors give rise to vascular endothelium (2006)

Despite an important role in vascular development and repair, the origin of endothelial progenitors remains unknown. Accumulating evidence indicates that cells derived from the hematopoietic system participate in angiogenesis. However, the identity and functional role of these cells remain controversial. Here we show that vascular endothelial cells can differentiate from common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. Endothelial cells derived from transplanted bone marrow-derived myeloid lineage progenitors expressed CD31, von Willebrand factor, and Tie2 but did not express the hematopoietic markers CD45 and F4/80 or the pericyte markers desmin and smooth muscle actin. Lineage tracing analysis in combination with a Tie2-driven Cre/lox reporter system revealed that, in contrast to bone marrow-derived hepatocytes, bone marrow-derived endothelial cells are not the products of cell fusion. The establishment of both hematopoietic and endothelial cell chimerism after parabiosis demonstrates that circulating cells can give rise to vascular endothelium in the absence of acute radiation injury. Our findings indicate that endothelial cells are an intrinsic component of myeloid lineage differentiation and underscore the close functional relationship between the hematopoietic and vascular systems.
Interaction of Rac Exchange Factors Tiam1 and Ras-GRF1 with a Scaffold for the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade (2002)

Tiam1 and Ras-GRF1 are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the Rac GTPase. The two GEFs have similar N-terminal regions containing pleckstrin homology domains followed by coiled-coils and additional sequences that function together to allow regulated GEF activity. Here we show that this N-terminal region of both proteins binds to the scaffold protein IB2/JIP2. IB2/JIP2 is a scaffold for the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade because it binds to the Rac target MLK3, the MAP kinase kinase MKK3, and the p38 MAP kinase. Expression of IB2/JIP2 in cells potentiates the ability of Tiam1 or Ras-GRF1 to activate the p38 MAP kinase cascade but not the Jnk MAP kinase cascade. In addition, Tiam1 or Ras-GRF1 binding to IB2/JIP2 increases the association of the components of the p38 MAP kinase signaling cassette with IB2/JIP2 in cells and activates scaffold-associated p38. These findings imply that Tiam1 and Ras-GRF1 can contribute to Rac signaling specificity by their ability to form a complex with a scaffold that binds components of one of the many known Rac effector pathways.
Electroacoustic characterisation of +64 degrees and +41 degrees Y-rotated LiNbO/sub 3/ for wide bandwidth low loss filter design (2002)

Acoustic propagation on metallized surface high-coupling-coefficient 64 degrees and 41 degrees rotated Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A complete set of experimentally determined acoustic parameters in the 0.85-tp-1.6-GHz frequency range is presented. 11.6% and 21% coupling constant values have been deduced from transducer admittance measurement for 64 degrees and 41 degrees LiNbO/sub 3/ respectively. These data have been applied to the design of 1-GHz image impedance connected low-loss filters. 7% and 10% 3-dB fractional bandwidth was obtained with 8- and 13-dB insertion loss on 64 degrees and 41 degrees LiNbO/sub 3/, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> energy dispersive x-ray reflectivity measurements of H ion bombardment on SiO2/Si and Si (1992)

We have performed in situ, energy-dispersive x-ray reflectivity measurements of damage layer formation and surface roughness of thin films of SiO2 on Si and clean Si during H ion bombardment. The reflectivity was analyzed using an optical multilayer model where the variable parameters are the number of layers, the thickness and density of the layers, and the surface roughness. Room temperature ion bombardment at doses &lt;5×1017/cm2 results in a buried layer between the oxide and the substrate; 300 eV bombardment produces a very thin, low-density layer, while 1000 eV bombardment produces a thicker layer with the density of amorphous silicon. A damaged layer is not produced by equivalent bombardment at high temperature. Ion bombardment of clean Si surfaces at 500 °C resulted in roughening of the surface on the nanometer scale which is strongly dependent on the ion energy.
Peptide Bacteriocins - Structure Activity Relationships (2015)

With the growing concerns in the scientific and health communities over increasing levels of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptide bacteriocins have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional small molecule antibiotics. A substantial attention has recently focused on the utilization of bacteriocins in food preservation and health safety. Despite the fact that a large number of bacteriocins have been reported, only a few have been fully characterized and structurally elucidated. Since knowledge of the molecular structure is a key for understanding the mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of peptide, we centered our focus in this review on the structure-activity relationships of bacteriocins with a particular focus in seven bacteriocins, namely, nisin, microcin J25, microcin B17, microcin C, leucocin A, sakacin P, and pediocin PA-1. Significant structural changes responsible for the altered activity of the recent bacteriocin analogues are discussed here.
An Improved Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones (1984)

Synthese par addition d'acides arenesulfoniques avec des arenes en presence d'acide polyphosphorique
Low-dose methotrexate reduces peripheral nerve injury-evoked spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain behavior in rats (2008)

Peripheral nerve injuries that provoke neuropathic pain are associated with microglial activation in the spinal cord. We have investigated the characteristics of spinal microglial activation in three distinct models of peripheral neuropathic pain in the rat: spared nerve injury (SNI), chronic constriction injury, and spinal nerve ligation. In all models, dense clusters of cells immunoreactive for the microglial marker CD11b formed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn 7 days after injury. Microglial expression of ionised calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) increased by up to 40% and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, a marker of microglial activity, by 45%. Expression of the lysosomal ED1-antigen indicated phagocytic activity of the cells. Unlike the peripheral nerve lesions, rhizotomy produced only a weak microglial reaction within the spinal gray matter but a strong activation of microglia and phagocytes in the dorsal funiculus at lumbar and thoracic spinal cord levels. This suggests that although degeneration of central terminals is sufficient to elicit microglial activation, it does not account for the inflammatory response in the dorsal horn after peripheral nerve injury. Early intrathecal treatment with low-dose methotrexate, beginning at the time of injury, decreased microglial activation, reduced p38 phosphorylation, and attenuated pain-like behavior after SNI. In contrast, systemic or intrathecal delivery of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone did not inhibit the activation of microglia or reduce pain-like behavior. We confirm that microglial activation is crucial for the development of pain after nerve injury, and demonstrates that suppression of this cellular immune response is a promising approach for preventing neuropathic pain.
Salmon calcitonin-loaded Eudragit® and Eudragit®-PLGA nanoparticles:<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>evaluation (2011)

The main objective of this study was to prepare salmon calcitonin (sCT)-loaded Eudragit®RSPO, Eudragit®L100 and Eudragit®-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) blend nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo evaluation as an oral drug delivery system. The prepared nanoparticles ranged in size from 179.7 to 308.9 nm with a polydispersity index between 0.051 and 2.75, and had surface charges ~ -11 to +6 mV. Efficient sCT encapsulation and release was observed with all the nanoparticle formulations. The polymer type was an important factor that influenced the release characteristics and the in vivo hypocalcemic effect. Nanoparticle formulations were also prepared with sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and characterized. No statistically significant difference was noted between the hypocalcemic effect of any of the nanoparticle formulations with and without NaTDC (p > 0.05). The use of Eudragit®RSPO nanoparticles appears to be a potential approach for the oral delivery of sCT.
Multisource radiofrequency for fractional skin resurfacing–significant reduction of wrinkles (2013)

Post treatment skin erythema was noted in all treated patients, lasting up to 10 hours. Fifty six percent of patients reported no pain after treatment, and the rest (44%) reported minimal pain. All patients showed significant reduction in the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score. Average Fitzpatrick wrinkle score was 7.3 at baseline, 4.9 at 1 month after the first treatment, 4.2 at 1 month after the second treatment, and 4.1 at 1 month after the third treatment. The score was similar at 3 months after the third treatment with a score of 4.1. When asked at the end of three treatment sessions, all patients answered they will recommend the treatment to their friends (66% "definitely yes" and 33% "yes"). When asked the same question 3 months after the end of treatment, all patients (100%) answered "definitely yes".
Wi-metal: Detecting metal by using wireless networks (2016)

With an increasing need for worldwide counter-terrorism, security is becoming a top priority on the agenda of local governments. Governments has enforced patrols, security forces, and security equipments such as door frame detectors, screens and hand-held detectors in public places like railway stations and airports. The main purpose of these security equipments is to detect potentially dangerous metal objects. And the way to detect metal is mainly based on electromagnetic induction and X-rays. On the one hand, detectors based on electromagnetic induction needs to be placed close to the examined objects and on the other hand, detectors based on X-rays are usually large, expensive, complex, harmful and the detecting distance is limited on many occasions. For the above reasons, current metal detection equipments cannot be deployed on a large scale with a low cost scheme. But with the popular use of Wi-Fi in public areas, low-cost and large-scale deployment is possible if we could use Wi-Fi to detect metal. Since the dielectric constant and the reflection coefficient of metal are different from those of nonmetal objects, the effect of Wi-Fi signal reflection caused by metal objects is different from nonmetal items as well. Thus we attempt to use this observation to enable metal detection. But using Wi-Fi to detect metal will encounter some challenges. Factors such as the interference caused by multi-path effect and other signal sources, shapes, materials and surface smoothness of the target, as well as the angle of reflection will cause great impact on a detecting result. However, we implement a system by using a series of methods to eliminate most of the interferences and use machine learning algorithm to identify metal. We implement this system in commercial products. We conduct several experiments and their average accuracy and false alarm are respectively more than 90% and less than 10% in 1 meter detecting distance.
Capture of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>-Mesons in Heavy Elements (1952)

Measurements have been made of the mean lifetimes of $\ensuremath{\mu}$-mesons in several heavy elements. Time lags between the arrival of a cosmic-ray meson in the target and its subsequent absorption---as signaled by the neutrons and gamma-rays following capture---are measured using large liquid scintillation counters and a chronotron timing circuit. The timing uncertainty is about 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec, and the counting rates are such that a mean life can be determined to an accuracy of 10 percent in about a week's run at sea level. A short-lived component of the decay curves was found and identified as due to neutrons from proton-induced stars. Errors from this effect were avoided. Our latest results for the mean lives, in m\ensuremath{\mu}sec, are $\mathrm{Fe}163\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}27, \mathrm{Hg}58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, \mathrm{Cu}116\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9, \mathrm{Pb}76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, \mathrm{Sb}99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11, \mathrm{Bi}68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.$ The results are in agreement with the Wheeler ${{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{4}$ law up through Cu but disagree by a factor 3 for the heavier elements. They are in reasonable agreement with Kennedy's calculations (see following paper). The difference between the mean lives for Hg and Pb is also qualitatively predicted by Kennedy on the basis of a shell model of the nucleus. Our results, together with Kennedy's calculation for Pb, allow us to conclude that the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-meson-nucleon coupling constant has the same value, within about 25 percent, as recent values of the coupling constants of beta-decay and of the spontaneous disintegration of the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-meson.
Application of Metabolomics Approaches to The Study of Respiratory Diseases (2012)

Metabolomics is the global unbiased analysis of all the small-molecule metabolites within a biological system, under a given set of conditions. These methods offer the potential for a holistic approach to clinical medicine, as well as improving disease diagnosis and understanding of pathological mechanisms. Respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder are increasing globally, with the latter predicted to become the third leading cause of global mortality by 2020. The root causes for disease onset remain poorly understood and no cures are available. This review presents an overview of metabolomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of respiratory diseases, including the design of metabolomics experiments, choice of clinical material collected and potentially confounding experimental factors. Particular challenges in the field are presented and placed within the context of the future of the applications of metabolomics approaches to the study of respiratory diseases.
Legal issues when establishing grant programs and other granting activities (2012)

Most of the CGG and FMA Act requirements relate to establishing the grant. This section provides some further general discussion on issues that agencies should consider in establishing grants programs and activities and selecting recipients. For a range of specific legal issues that may need to be worked through when setting up a new program, see AGS Fact Sheet Number 10: Legal issues to consider for new programs.
Rare Earth Alloys, A Critical Review of the Alloy Systems of the Rare Earth, Scandium and Yttrium Metals (1962)

"Rare Earth Alloys, A Critical Review of the Alloy Systems of the Rare Earth, Scandium and Yttrium Metals." Nuclear Science and Engineering, 13(4), p. 399
In-Line Monitoring of Some Planarization Processes (1991)

The processes used for the surface planarization of the interlevel dielectrics which is one of the major problems of the multilevel interconnection CMOS technology, are becoming increasingly sophisticated. As a consequence, the reproducibility of the total process requires an accurate control of these technics in order to increase die yields. The DOPED method, developed for a non-contact on-line monitoring of flow annealing of BPSG films has been applied to the “cold” planarization techniques implemented in the CNET 0.7 µm technology. Results are obtained for TEOS deposition and etchback techniques and SOG total etchback.
Circulating insulin inhibits glucagon secretion induced by arginine in type 1 diabetes (2000)

This study demonstrates that a high level of circulating insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on the glucagon response to arginine in type 1 diabetes. Thus, the suppressive effect of insulin on the glucagon release from the alpha-cell seems to be general and not only dependent on stimulation by hypoglycemia.
An 8-bit 10-GHz 21-mW Time-Interleaved SAR ADC With Grouped DAC Capacitors and Dual-Path Bootstrapped Switch (2019)

An 8-bit 10-GHz 8× time-interleaved SAR ADC in 28-nm CMOS incorporates an aggressively scaled DAC with grouped capacitors in a symmetrical comb structure to afford a threefold reduction in the bottom-plate parasitic capacitance. A dual-path bootstrapped switch decouples critical signal from nonlinear capacitance to boost the sampling SFDR by more than 5 dB. The ADC demonstrates an SNDR of 36.9 dB at Nyquist while consuming 21 mW, yielding an FoM of 37 fJ/conv.-step, the lowest among the reported ADCs with similar speeds and resolutions and more than 2× improvement from the state-of-the-art.
Sensor biases effect on the estimation algorithm for performance-seeking controllers (1994)

The performance-seeking-control algorithm (PSC) is designed to continuously optimize the performance of propulsion systems. The PSC uses a nominal model of the propulsion system and estimates, in flight, the engine deviation parameters (EDPs) characterizing engine deviations with respect to nominal conditions. In practice, the measurement biases (or model uncertainties) may prevent the estimated EDPs from reflecting the engine's actual off-nominal condition. This factor has a direct impact on the PSC scheme exacerbated by the open-loop character of the algorithm. An observability analysis shows that the biases cannot be estimated together with the EDPs. Moreover, biases and EDPs turn out to have equivalent effects on the measurements, leaving it undecided whether the estimated EDPs represent the actual engine deviation or whether they simply reflect the measurement biases. In this article, the effects produced by unknown measurement biases over the estimation algorithm are evaluated. This evaluation allows for identification of the most critical measurements for application of the PSC algorithm to an F100 engine.