gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed OCT light sources and systems [Invited] (2017)

Imaging speed is one of the most important parameters that define the performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. During the last two decades, OCT speed has increased by over three orders of magnitude. New developments in wavelength-swept lasers have repeatedly been crucial for this development. In this review, we discuss the historical evolution and current state of the art of high-speed OCT systems, with focus on wavelength swept light sources and swept source OCT systems.
Contactless four-terminal MEMS variable capacitor for capacitive adiabatic logic (2018)

International audience
Zero-field spin splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas (1990)

The spin splitting in zero magnetic field which was recently reported in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/${\mathrm{In}}_{0.52}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.48}$As heterostructures is analyzed with use of the inversion-asymmetry, or ${\mathit{k}}^{3}$, term and the interface spin orbit or Rashba term. Comparison with experimental data shows that Rashba term is the dominant spin-splitting mechanism in these samples. Zero-field spin splittings of 2.5--2.75 meV are deduced from the perpendicular-field data. Analysis of tilted-magnetic-field data gives g factors that lie between -2 and -3.
ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF DNA MOLECULES ON SILICON FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (2004)

Much research has been devoted to the field of DNA detection for biotechnology and medical diagnostics. Conventionally, this has involved lab-scale large instruments such as fluorescent microscope, with DNA binding and tagging. Recently, however, the possibility of label-free, rapid, sensitive and miniaturized DNA detection electronically has attracted increasing interest in the field. To investigate the feasibility of DNA detection by the semiconductor field effect without tagging or binding agents, we studied the effects of DNA molecules directly on the gate oxide of field effect transistors (FET). DNA solution was deposited onto the gate region of conventional silicon FET devices without gate metal, and current-voltage measurements were performed. Our work showed that the presence of DNA molecules in an aqueous solution on the gate decreased channel current I ds and increased threshold voltage. With increasing concentration in the solution, the threshold voltage increased monotonically. We observed that the channel current was reduced systematically during the hybridization of complementary DNA strands. The mechanism that induced the threshold voltage shift is attributed to the negative charges the DNA molecules carry and to changes in work function (Fermi Energy). Our results showed the possibility that field effect transistors may provide a vehicle for a label-free, miniaturized and semiconductor-based DNA detector.
Erratum: “Laminar flow past a rotating circular cylinder” [Phys. Fluids <b>11</b>, 3312 (1999)] (2000)

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3D Stacked IC layout considering bond pad density and doubling for manufacturing yield improvement (2011)

While 3D integration using through-silicon vias (TSVs) offers an opportunity to realize higher-performance subsystems than conventional SOC, the potential compound yield loss leads to worse cost control, which becomes a major hindrance to its mass production. Among many outstanding issues to be resolved, one is induced from insufficient bonding strength and quality, resulting in unreliable or even failing die stacking. In this paper, we present a bond pad doubling approach to enhance the TSV-based 3D IC manufacturing yield and reliability. It aims to be easily incorporated into the current physical design flow by leveraging mature 2D layout tools. First, to maximize the pattern density and meet the lower limit, dummy bond pads are inserted into the whitespace between dies. Next, for bond pad doubling, a greedy assignment is applied to select from the dummy at the neighborhood by incremental routing on the front side of the lower die, which connects the singles to form pairs. Finally, the connections are copied to the corresponding back metal of the upper die. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed approach can promisingly achieve an initial success rate as high as 80% with the nearest neighbors. To further enhance the quality of results, bond padding technique is also applied to the work. The final success rate is up to 95%. The bonding yield and strength can be effectively improved.
TonB protein appears to transduce energy by shuttling between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1997)

The energy source for active transport of iron-siderophore complexes and vitamin B12 across the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria is the cytoplasmic membrane proton-motive force (pmf). TonB protein is required in this process to transduce cytoplasmic membrane energy to the outer membrane. In this study, Escherichia coli TonB was found to be distributed in sucrose density gradients approximately equally between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane fractions, while two proteins with which it is known to interact, ExbB and ExbD, as well as the NADH oxidase activity characteristic of the cytoplasmic membrane, were localized in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. Neither the N-terminus of TonB nor the cytoplasmic membrane pmf, both of which are essential for TonB activity, were required for TonB to associate with the outer membrane. When the TonB C-terminus was absent, TonB was found associated with the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that the C-terminus was required for outer membrane association. When ExbB and ExbD, as well as their cross-talk-competent homologues ToIQ and ToIR, were absent, TonB was found associated with the outer membrane. TetA-TonB protein, which cannot interact with ExbB/D, was likewise found associated with the outer membrane. These results indicated that the role of ExbB/D in energy transduction is to bring TonB that has reached the outer membrane back to associate with the cytoplasmic membrane. Two possible explanations exist for the observations presented in this study. One possibility is that TonB transduces energy by shuttling between membranes, and, at some stages in the energy-transduction cycle, is associated with either the cytoplasmic membrane or the outer membrane, but not with both at the same time. This hypothesis, together with the alternative interpretation that TonB remains localized in the cytoplasmic membrane and changes its affinity for the outer and cytoplasmic membrane during energy transduction, are incorporated with previous observations into two new models, consistent with the novel aspects of this system, that describe a mechanism for TonB-dependent energy transduction.
CHANGES IN ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF ADRENAL GLANDS IN DOGS WITH PITUITARY‐DEPENDENT HYPERADRENOCORTICISM TREATED WITH TRILOSTANE (2003)

Trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been used successfully over the last few years for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. In a prospective study of 19 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, the adrenal glands were measured before and at least 6 months after initiation of trilostane therapy. Right adrenal gland length and caudal pole thickness and left adrenal gland caudal pole thickness increased significantly (p < or = 0.05); there was no significant change in left adrenal gland length. Enlargement of adrenal glands during trilostane therapy may occur as a result of suppression of the negative feedback mechanism affecting cortisol production.
Waste Treatment in the Food Processing Industry (2005)

Many standard industrial waste treatment texts sufficiently address a few major technologies for conventional in-plant environmental control strategies in the food industry. But none explore the complete range of technologies with a focus on new developments in innovative and alternative technology, design criteria, effluent standards, managerial d
Design of a terabit free-space photonic backplane for parallel computing (2002)

The design of a terabit free-space photonic backplane for parallel computing and communications is described. The backplane consists of a large number of parallel reconfigurable optical channels spaced a few hundred microns apart. The parallel channels are organized as a unidirectional ring and the channel access protocols are implemented by smart pixel arrays. Smart pixel arrays are integrated optoelectronic devices with optical I/O and with electronic processing capabilities. The design of a 32/spl times/32 smart pixel array which supports multiple reconfigurable broadcast channels and interfaces between tens of Gb/s of electrical data and hundreds of Gb/s of optical data is proposed. The photonic backplane interconnects 32 printed circuit boards (PCBs) and has a bisection bandwidth of 1 terabit/sec (Tb/s), with each PCB receiving a bandwidth of 32 Gb/s. The backplane can be dynamically reconfigured to support 1024 broadcast channels at 1 Gb/s, 32 broadcast channels at 32 Gb/s, or many intermediate values. The backplane can also embed arbitrary graphs, including meshes, hypercubes, shuffles, etc. Smart pixel arrays are currently being fabricated using AT&T's Hybrid SEED process, and a demonstration of the architecture interconnecting 4 PCBs is planned for the fall of 1995.
Transgenic Plants that Express the Coat Protein Genes of Tobacco Mosaic Virus or Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Interfere with Disease Development of Some Nonrelated Viruses (1989)

To determine whether these plants also are protected against other viruses, they were inoculated with low concentrations of potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV), and the cowpea strain of TMV (Cc-TMV). A delay in disease development also was observed when transgenic tobacco plants expressing the CP gene of AIMV were infected with PVX and CMV, but not when they were infected with TMV-U 1 . The results of these experiments demonstrate that transgenic tobacco plants that express different CP genes have a low but significant degree of protection against other viruses
Preparation and Characterization of Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts by adsorption-precipitation-activation method and Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Maleate to Dimethyl Succinate (2015)

Supported Ru catalysts were prepared by adsorptionprecipitation-activation method using RuCl 3 as Ru resource, NaOH as precipitant and Al 2 O 3 as support. Ru(OH) 3 /Al 2 O 3 was first produced in the adsorption-precipitation process, and then activated with either calcination-reduction or direct reduction by H 2 to obtain Ru/Al 2 O 3 . The synthesized Ru catalysts were characterized with XRD, XPS, H 2 -TPR techniques, and used for the catalytic hydrogenation of dimethyl maleate (DMM). It was found that the activation process strongly affected the catalytic performance. The highest hydrogenation activity was observed with catalysts activated by direct H 2 reduction, which produced the finest Ru particle on alumina. Unexpectedly, Ru metal formation was observed based on XRD and XPS data and was explained by the disproportionation reaction of Ruthenium hydroxide: 4Ru(OH) 3 = Ru + 3RuO 2 + 6H 2 O. This explanation was also supported by the H 2 -TPR results of Ru(OH) 3 /Al 2 O 3 samples pretreated under different conditions, and by characterization data of unsupported Ru samples. XRD data demonstrated that large particles of Ru and RuO 2 were formed upon calcination of Ru(OH) 3 /Al 2 O 3 at above 200 C, and subsequent reduction of the calcined sample would give rise to Ru/Al 2 O 3 with larger metal crystals as compared to that of directly reduced ones.
Pseudokeratoconus Caused by Rosacea (2001)

Chronic ocular rosacea can produce inferior corneal thinning and high astigmatism with some features of keratoconus. The inferior pattern of thinning in rosacea may be related to chronic exposure of the inferior cornea to inflammatory and matrix-degrading factors in the inferior tear meniscus.
A Proposed New Concept for a Solar-Energy Converter (1972)

The potential advantages of terrestrially utilizing nonpolluting solar energy are well-known. One of the more promising approaches to achieving the desired high solar-electrical conversion efficiency is the direct process, avoiding Carnot efficiency limitations of heat engines. The chief present-art example is the large area silicon solar cell based on utilization of quantum properties of light. In the United States it is now an established technology created from the space program. This paper presents the results of some preliminary new research exploring the possibilities of creating high efficiency solar-electricity converters utilizing wave-like properties of radiation interacting with absorber-converter elements. The concept is revealed for what is believed to be a new, unique, and potentially useful pyramidical solar radiation absorber-converter structure. It is based on the possibility of extending concepts of power absorbing antennas and converters to the visible light range. The resulting proposed converter structure would have a rough surface texture and yield a d-c output. It may have, if subsequently researched, significant efficiency, cost, and fabricating advantages, particularly for large-scale terrestrial utilization of solar energy. The concept is called an Electromagnetic Wave Energy Converter (EWEC). Concept validity evidences of a preliminary kind at both microwave and near light wavelengths are presented.
Neutrophil Recruitment and Resistance to Urinary Tract Infection (1999)

This study examined the role of neutrophil leukocytes for the antibacterial defense at mucosal infection sites. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was established by injection into the bladder lumen of Escherichia coli 1177, a fully virulent clinical isolate. Infection of C3H/HeN (lpsn, lpsn) mice recruited neutrophils into the urinary tract, and bacteria were cleared from kidneys and bladders. The neutrophil response was absent in C3H/HeJ (lpsd, lpsd) mice, and bacteria persisted in the tissues. Peripheral neutrophil depletion of C3H/HeN mice was subsequently achieved by pretreatment with the granulocyte-specific antibody RB6-8C5. The E. coli-induced neutrophil recruitment was inhibited, as shown by immunohistochemistry and tissue myeloperoxidase quantitation. As a consequence, bacterial clearance from kidneys and bladders was drastically impaired. Antibody treatment of C3H/HeJ mice had only a marginal effect. The results show that neutrophils are essential for bacterial clearance from the urinary tract and that the neutrophil recruitment deficiency in C3H/HeJ mice explains their susceptibility to gram-negative UTI.
A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for G-CSF in human plasma. (1995)

We have developed a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human plasma. This ELISA employs a combination of a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) as the first antibody and an affinity-purified sheep polyclonal antibody conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase as the second antibody. The coefficients of intra- and interassay variations were 2.2 to 3.6% and 8.3 to 10.2%, respectively. The assay had no cross-reactivity with four other human cytokines. Plasma G-CSF levels in healthy volunteers could easily be measured because the detection limit was 0.5 pg/mL. The mean plasma G-CSF concentration in 57 healthy volunteers (aged 19 to 47; 27 males and 30 females) was 10.5 +/- 4.5 pg/mL standard deviation [SD]). There was no statistically significant relationship between plasma G-CSF concentration and absolute neutrophil counts in those healthy volunteers (r = 0.259; p = 0.052).
Elevated Myeloid: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Ratio Associates With Late, but Not Early, Liver Rejection in Children Induced With Rabbit Anti-Human Thymocyte Globulin (2009)

We conclude that an elevated MDC:PDC ratio associates with liver graft rejection, which occurs after first year in children induced with rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin.
Narrow‐band UVB for the treatment of vitiligo: an emerging effective and well‐tolerated therapy (2004)

NBUVB therapy is effective and safe in Indian patients with vitiligo. Long-term follow up is required, however, to establish the stability of repigmentation.
Optimum Practices to Mitigate Gas Migration Problems in Deep Gas Wells (2017)

Abstract Gas Migration through cement columns has been an industry problem for many years. The most problematic areas for gas migrations occur in deep gas wells. To control gas migration, cementing practices should be optimized. The cementing practices include cement composition, drilling fluids composition, spacer composition and operations such as pumping procedure and pressure testing. Gas migration can occur due to settling in high-density cement slurries. Cement densities required to successfully cement the zone could be as high as 170 pcf (Pounds per Cubic Foot). As cement slurry sets, hydrostatic pressure is reduced on the formation. During this transition, gases can travel up through the cement column resulting in gas being present at the surface. Gas migration problems can also occur due to poor displacement. Spacers, cements and drilling fluids should be designed and tested for compatibility for good displacements and bonding. Different types of spacer is required for each type of drilling fluid such as salted drilling fluid or oil based fluids. Testing should include running rheology tests, thickening time tests and compressive strength development tests. Cement shrinkage is another factor that can cause gas migration problems. Expansion additives are usually added to overcome this problem. However, attention should be made to optimize the concentration and type used to avoid over expansion behavior that can cause micro cracks in the cement matrix. Different cycling effect in temperature and pressure can cause gas migration channels due to creation of micro cracks. This paper highlights some of the effort to prevent casing/casing pressure leaks from deep gas wells.
Antibacterial activity of short hydrophobic and basic-rich peptides (2003)

In construction of potent antibacterial peptides, inclusion of arginine, lysine, tryptophan, or isoleucine residues enhances effectiveness against certain bacteria, as measured by MIC or MBC values.
TTG as the Initiation Codon of <i>Salmonella slyA</i>, a Gene Required for Survival within Macrophages (1999)

Abstract The slyA gene, which has been implicated in the virulence of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and its survival in macrophages, is widely distributed among different Salmonella serovars. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the translational initiation region of the slyA gene from nine different serovars and found sequence differences in the previously proposed ATG initiation codon but not in a TTG triplet, another putative initiation codon in the slyA gene. Therefore, we determined the actual translational initiation site of the slyA gene by analyzing slyA genes with defined mutation in either the ATG or TTG sequences in an in vitro translation assay and a quantitative hemolytic assay in Escherichia coli . The replacement of TTG by TTC in the slyA gene significantly reduced both the amount of protein synthesized and the hemolytic activity of a transformed strain of E. coli , while replacement of ATG by ATC had no effect in these assays. In addition, the amino acid sequence analysis of the His‐tagged SlyA protein showed that it was identical with the amino acid sequence deduced from the 5′ end of the slyA gene with a TTG initiation codon. Our results suggest that TTG serves as the translational initiation codon for the slyA gene of Salmonella .
Activation of the Ral and Phosphatidylinositol 3′ Kinase Signaling Pathways by the Ras-Related Protein TC21 (2001)

TC21 is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins that, like Ras, has been implicated in the regulation of growth-stimulating pathways. We have previously identified the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as a direct TC21 effector pathway required for TC21-induced transformation (M. Rosário, H. F. Paterson, and C. J. Marshall, EMBO J. 18:1270-1279, 1999). In this study we have identified two further effector pathways for TC21, which contribute to TC21-stimulated transformation: the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI-3K) and Ral signaling pathways. Expression of constitutively active TC21 leads to the activation of Ral A and the PI-3K-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B. Strong activation of the PI-3K/Akt pathway is seen even with very low levels of TC21 expression, suggesting that TC21 may be a key small GTPase-regulator of PI-3K. TC21-induced alterations in cellular morphology in NIH 3T3 and PC12 cells are also PI-3K dependent. On the other hand, activation of the Ral pathway by TC21 is required for TC21-stimulated DNA synthesis but not transformed morphology. We show that inhibition of Ral signaling blocks DNA synthesis in human tumor cell lines containing activating mutations in TC21, demonstrating for the first time that this pathway is required for the proliferation of human tumor cells. Finally, we provide mechanisms for the activation of these pathways, namely, the direct in vivo interaction of TC21 with guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ral, resulting in their translocation to the plasma membrane, and the direct interaction of TC21 with PI-3K. In both cases, the effector domain region of TC21 is required since point mutations in this region can interfere with activation of downstream signaling.
High-efficiency metallic diffraction gratings for laser applications (1995)

The design and fabrication of large-area, high-efficiency metallic gratings for use in high-power laser systems is described. The gratings exhibit a diffraction efficiency in excess of 95% in the m = -1 order (Littrow mount) and have a high threshold for laser damage. Computations and experimental measurements are presented that illustrate the effect of grating shape and polarization on efficiency. A simple theory for optical damage to metallic diffraction gratings is developed and compared with experimental measurements of the laser-damage threshold over the pulse range from 400 fs to >1 ns.
αThiophene octamer as a new class of photo‐active material for photoelectrical conversion** (1995)

α‐thiophene octamer (α‐8T) is shown to be a suitable materials for application as the p‐type semiconductor component in photovoltaic devices. Combined with a perylene pigment as the n‐type semicondctor, the α‐8T is used to produce a pn heterojunction cell which exhibits a fill factor of 0.5 ad a conversion efficiency of 0.6% for irradiation of while light, a performance comparable to that reported for copper‐ and titanyl‐phthalocyanine‐based devices. The application of α‐8T would allow vacuum deposition techniques to be used in the production of the cells.