gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Anhydrides in the Pyrolysis of Monocarboxylic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Occurrence of Anhydrides in the Pyrolysis of Monocarboxylic Acids1David Davidson and Paul NewmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1515–1516Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The atomic manifesto (2005)

This paper is based on a five-day workshop on "Atomicity in System Design and Execution" that took place in Schloss Dagstuhl in Germany [5] in April 2004 and was attended by 32 people from different scientific communities. The participants included researchers from the four areas of• database and transaction processing systems,• fault tolerance and dependable systems,• formal methods for system design and correctness reasoning, and• to a smaller extent, hardware architecture and programming languages.
Designing operational WDM networks (2004)

Network design tools are routinely used in practice to design optical networks that can carry a given set of traffic demands at the least cost The criteria used to route demands during design are often different from those used while routing in the operational network. As a result, the routes computed may be different during design and operations, leading to over- or under- utilization of portions of the network and even failure to route some demands. In this paper, we propose a general solution for this problem, which handles any combination of routing criteria. It works by enhancing the designed network with minimal additional capacity such that it can carry the demands during operations. We also provide experimental results evaluating the performance of this technique and the operational effectiveness of various design algorithms.
PRED-DF - a data flow based semantic concurrency control protocol for real-time main-memory database systems (2002)

In real-time systems, the use of databases is increasing. If the application is safety-critical, one must guarantee in advance, by suitable verification methods, that all deadlines hold in all possible cases of use. Predictability of the database's concurrency control protocol is one of the most important prerequisites for this. However, most real-time concurrency control protocols are influenced by traditional database requirements. For hard real-time systems, they are usually unsuitable, because they are not predictable and they noticeably interfere with task scheduling. We present a new semantic concurrency control protocol called PRED-DF (PREDeclaration and Data Flow analysis) for main-memory real-time database systems. PRED-DF uses pre-declaration, is locking-based and generates serializable schedules. It uses additional knowledge gained from advance analysis of the application's data flow to minimize blocking times. PRED-DF's behavior is predictable and so the verification of real-time requirements is possible.
Direct die-to-database electron beam inspection of fused silica imprint templates (2006)

Imprint lithography has been included on the ITRS Lithography Roadmap at the 32 and 22nm nodes. Step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL™) is a unique method for printing sub-100-nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes S-FIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. Further, S-FIL provides sub-100-nm feature resolution without the significant expense of multielement, high quality projection optics or advanced illumination sources. However, since the technology is 1X, it is critical to address the infrastructure associated with the fabrication of templates. With respect to inspection, although defects as small as 70nm have been detected using optical techniques, it is clear that it will be necessary to take advantage of the resolution capabilities of electron beam inspection techniques. This article reports the first systematic study of die-to-database electron beam inspection of patterns that were imprinted using an Imprio 250 system. The die-to-database inspection of the wafers was performed on an NGR2100 inspection system. Metal 1 and logic patterns with dimensions as small as 70nm were inspected. Using a pixel address of 3nm and a defect threshold of 20nm, problem areas in the design of the pattern layout were clearly identified. Ultimately, the most desirable solution is to directly inspect the fused silica template. This article also reports the results on the first experiments of direct inspection fused silica substrates at data rates of 200MHz.
[<sup>3</sup>H]Dihydrotetrabenazine, a New In Vitro Monoaminergic Probe for Human Brain (1988)

The monoamine transporter of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine synaptic vesicles was assayed in rat and human brain homogenates by in vitro binding of [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine. [3H]Reserpine, a second ligand of the vesicular monoamine transporter, could not be used. [3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine binding in rat brain was stable after 72 h at 22 degrees C postmortem. In major human brain regions, [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding was specific and saturable (KD, 2.7 nM). Displacement constants by substrates or inhibitors of vesicular monoamine uptake, and regional distribution in human brain were similar to those found in rodents. The highest densities of binding sites were observed in caudate nucleus, putamen, and accumbens nucleus. In caudate nucleus and in putamen from normal human subjects, [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding and homovanillic acid concentration were significantly or nearly significantly correlated. A weaker correlation was found between [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding and DA, in association with a higher variability of DA. [3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine binding in caudate nucleus and in putamen decreased significantly with age, unlike DA and homovanillic acid concentrations. The results establish [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine as a presynaptic monoaminergic ligand of interest for studies on postmortem human brain.
Changes in area of grasslands on the dunes between richards bay and the mfolozi river, 1937 to 1974 (1978)

Abstract Grasslands on the dunes between Richards Bay and the Mfolozi river have diminished rapidly during the last 34 years (1937 : 2 829 ha, 32%; 1974 : 399 ha, 4,8% of study area). They have been replaced by Acacia karroo Woodland, Secondary Dune Scrub and plantations of Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus spp. The changes are due to measures adopted by the Department of Forestry against fire, woodcutting, grazing and shifting cultivation as well as extensive reafforestation programmes. If conditions persist, the grasslands will soon disappear from the region.
Neuronal and Extraneuronal Expression and Regulation of the Human α5 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Gene (2000)

The mRNA encoding the human alpha5 nicotinic subunit was detected in several structures of the nervous system but appeared to be mainly expressed in cerebellum, thalamus, and the autonomic ganglia. For the first time, the alpha5 transcript was also detected in several non-neuronal tissues, with maximal expressions being found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, and testis. Many other extraneuronal sites expressed alpha5, but there were also nonexpressing organs, such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. To understand the transcriptional mechanisms controlling such a diversified expression of alpha5 in neuronal and nonneuronal cells, we isolated the 5'-regulatory region of the human gene and characterized its properties. Here we identify the alpha5 core promoter and demonstrate that the DNA regions surrounding it contain elements (with positive or negative activities) that work in a tissue-specific fashion. In particular, the segment specifying the 5'-untranslated region in neuronal cells has most of the properties of an enhancer because it activates a heterologous promoter in a position- and orientation-independent fashion. We therefore conclude that the expression of alpha5 relies on a highly complex promoter that uses distinct regulatory elements to comply with the different functional and developmental requirements of the various tissues and organs.
Hydrothermal Carbonisation (HTC): History, State-of-the-Art and Chemistry (2015)

Hydrothermal carbonisation (denoted as HTC) represents a powerful material synthesis platform to convert biomass/biomass derivatives into sustainable carbonaceous and carbon materials. Using a variety of synthetic protocols, functional carbon materials can be synthesised presenting a wide range of morphologies, pore structures and electronic properties. Carbon-based materials synthesised via the HTC platform have already found a broad range of applications including as solid fuels through to electrode materials in fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors, as water-purification media, CO2-capture materials, soil additives, and as support materials for a range of catalytic species. In this chapter, overview of the HTC process from its discovery until the present day will be provided, with the latest state-of-the-art work by the leading groups in the area specifically highlighted. The chapter will close with a brief introduction to the underlying chemistry behind the formation mechanisms of this exciting class of functional material.
Time course of complement activation and inhibitor expression after ischemic injury of rat myocardium. (1994)

Activation of the complement (C) system has been documented in both experimental and clinical studies of myocardial infarction, but the exact time course and mechanisms leading to C activation have remained unclear. Our earlier postmortem study on human beings showed that formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of C was associated with loss of CD59 (protectin), an important sarcolemmal regulator of MAC, from the infarcted area. The recent discovery of a rat analogue of CD59 has now allowed the first experimental evaluation of the temporal and spatial relationship between C component deposition and loss of CD59 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). After ligating the left coronary artery in rats the earliest sign of C activation, focal deposition of C3, was observed at 2 hours. Deposition of the early (C1, C3) and late pathway (C8, C9) components in the AMI lesions occurred at 3 hours. Glycophosphoinositol-anchored rat CD59 was expressed in the sarcolemmal membranes of normal cardiomyocytes. In Western blot analysis extracts of normal rat heart CD59 appeared as a band of 21 kd of molecular weight under nonreducing conditions. Loss of CD59 in the AMI lesions was observed in association with deposits of MAC from day one onward. Our results show that C activation universally accompanies AMI in vivo. It is initiated within 2 hours after coronary artery obstruction via deposition of C3, which may be due to generation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase in the ischemic area. Deposition of C1 and late C components also starts during the early hours (2 to 4 hours) after ischemia. Subsequent loss of the protective CD59 antigen may initiate postinjury clearance of the irreversibly damaged tissue.
Developing a deeper understanding of animal movements and spatial dynamics through novel application of network analyses (2012)

Summary 1. Determining how animals move within their environment is a fundamental knowledge that contributes to effective management and conservation. Continuous ‘round‐the‐clock’ animal movement data are frequently gathered using biotelemetry technology, providing discrete data packages on the presence–absence of animals at known locations through time. Current analyses of such data do not generally account for the interconnectivity of locations as animals move between them and consequently do not integrate graphically or statistically a temporal component to spatial changes. 2. Here, we describe the novel application of network analyses to electronic tag data whereby nodes represent locations and edges the movements of individuals. We demonstrate some of the descriptive and quantitative approaches for determining how an animal’s movement interconnects home range habitats. Telemetry data from arrays of recorders provide movement data of individual animals, and as examples of the method proposed, we examine the movements of two distinct shark species, the small‐spotted catshark ( Scyliorhinus canicula ) and the Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezi ). In doing so, we consider both local and global network properties from an animal movement perspective and simulate the effects of node disruption as a proxy for habitat disturbance. 3. Comparative visual representations of two catshark movement networks suggest, for example, potential differences in space use. Multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure shows that habitat is a significant predictor of movement behaviour. 4. Null modelling of C. perezi movement data, corrected for the spatial restriction of static nodes, demonstrated a significant, non‐random distribution of directed movements among sites. Additionally, the connectivity of this animal’s movement network is significantly reduced through targeted disruption of a site of high centrality but not through disruption of a randomly selected site. 5. Network theory is a well‐established theoretical framework and its integration into the fast developing field of animal movement and telemetry might improve significantly how we interpret animal space use from electronically recorded data. This technique has potentially wide application in animal behaviour but may also inform the management of habitat harbouring threatened or endangered species via the simulation, modelling and intuitive visualisation of animal movement interactions.
Intramolecular cyclisations of biphenyl-2-carboxyl radicals: evidence for a II-state aroyloxyl radical (1981)

Biphenyl-2-carboxyl radicals generated by homolysis of acyl hypoiodites cyclise intramolecularly giving mainly δ-lactones through Ar2-6 cyclisation. 2′-Alkoxybiphenyl-2-carboxyl radicals do not give the expected Ar1-5 cyclisation product but undergo a homolytic ipso-substitution of the 2′-substituent. The phenanthrene-4-carboxyl radical gives 5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran-5-one. Consideration of the molecular orbitals involved suggests that the biphenyl-2-carboxyl radicals are in the π-ground state and have a higher energy, and, therefore, a less thermally accessible Σ-state than the corresponding amido-radicals. It is suggested that acyloxyl radicals which readily decarboxylate have either a Σ-ground state or a thermally accessible excited Σ-state.
Paired Sampling in Density-Sensitive Active Learning (2018)

Active learning consists of principled on-line sampling over unlabeled data to optimize supervised learning rates as a function of the number of labels requested from an external oracle. A new sampling technique for active learning is developed based on two key principles: 1) Balanced sampling on both sides of the decision boundary is more effective than sampling one side disproportionately, and 2) exploiting the natural grouping (clustering) of unlabeled data establishes a more meaningful non-Euclidean distance function with respect to estimated category membership. Our new paired-sampling density-sensitive method embodying these principles yields significantly superior performance in multiple active learning data sets over all other sampling methods in our comparative study: representative sampling, uncertainty sampling, density-based sampling, and random sampling.
<i>n</i> -channel inversion-mode InP m.i.s.f.e.t. (1978)

Capacitance/voltage and m.i.s.f.e.t. inversion-mode f.e.t. data are reported for p-type InP. It is shown that the surface of this material appears to be inverted at zero gate bias and that good inversion-mode (normally-off) device behaviour is possible.
Characterization of beta-adrenoreceptors in vivo with iodine-131 pindolol and gamma scintigraphy. (1986)

The aim of this study to was to assess the feasibility of using iodopindolol to delineate myocardial beta-adrenoreceptors in vivo. Preliminary biodistribution studies indicated that binding of 131I-d,I-pindolol in the heart was stereospecific, saturable, and displaceable by I-propranolol but not by phenoxybenzamine. However, considerable nonspecific binding was encountered. Subsequently, the stereoisomer, 131I-I-pindolol, was shown to be a high affinity beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist (Kd approximately 0.37 nM) as assessed by Scatchard analysis, and one exhibiting marked specific uptake in lung and heart in rabbits. In contrast, 131I-d-pindolol exhibited no specific binding in rabbit left ventricular membrane preparations nor specific organ uptake. Gamma camera scintigraphy with both isomers demonstrated that the I-isomer accumulated in lung and heart, and that its accumulation was blocked by I-propranolol. In contrast, d-isomer uptake was nonspecific and diffuse. The results indicate that it should be possible to externally visualize receptors by differentiating specific and nonspecific binding components of a ligand in vivo with the use of radiolabeled stereoisomers.
Human Recombinant Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibition of Rat Oocyte Meiosis Is Reversed by Epidermal Growth Factor<i>in Vitro</i> (1988)

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a glycoprotein responsible for the regression of Mullerian duct in the male mammalian embryo, was recently localized not only in the fetal and newborn testis, but also in the older ovary throughout reproductive life. Bovine MIS purified from newborn testicular tissue inhibited spontaneous oocyte meiosis in vitro in the rat. These studies show that partially purified recombinant MIS produced from a human MIS genomic construct caused inhibition of oocyte meiosis, but when purified to homogeneity, the effect was lost. Addition of low concentrations of the detergent Nonidet P-40, used to maintain stability in the purified bovine preparations, however, restored the MIS inhibitory effect to the human preparation, which could, in turn, be blocked by a polyclonal antibody raised to human recombinant MIS; Nonidet P-40 itself caused no inhibition. Since we have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and MIS are antagonistic in a number of other systems, we tested the effect of EGF on the ability of MIS to inhibit oocyte meiosis. EGF added to the medium at a dose that caused no effect on oocytes (25 ng/ml) blocked the MIS inhibitory action on spontaneous rat oocyte meiosis, while EGF had no effect on a known oocyte meiosis inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. These data indicate that human recombinant MIS can inhibit oocyte meiosis in the ovary and that its regulatory effect can be modulated by EGF, which appears to be an antagonist of MIS.
Next-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune disease treatment (2017)

The clinical success of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated B cell depletion therapy has contributed to the understanding of B cells as major players in several autoimmune diseases. The first therapeutic anti-CD20 mAb, rituximab, is a murine-human chimera to which many patients develop antibodies and/or experience infusion-related reactions. A second generation of anti-CD20 mAbs has been designed to be more effective, better tolerated, and of lower immunogenicity. These include the humanized versions: ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, and veltuzumab, and the fully human, ofatumumab. We conducted a literature search of relevant randomized clinical trials in the PubMed database and ongoing trials in Clinicaltrials.gov. Most of these trials have evaluated intravenous ocrelizumab or subcutaneous ofatumumab in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding how newer anti-CD20 mAbs compare with rituximab in terms of efficacy, safety, convenience, and cost is important for guiding future management of anti-CD20 mAb therapy in autoimmune diseases.
Phosphate Processes at Trail, B. C. - Studies in Multiple Pigmentation (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphate Processes at Trail, B. C. - Studies in Multiple PigmentationJames AtwellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 7, 1318–1324Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50475a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50475a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
NOTE ON A LEMMA OF ROSENBLOOM (1970)

Journal Article NOTE ON A LEMMA OF ROSENBLOOM Get access R. LONDON R. LONDON Department of Mathematics, University CollegeSwansea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Volume 21, Issue 1, March 1970, Pages 67–69, https://doi.org/10.1093/qmath/21.1.67 Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Received: 28 September 1968 Published: 01 March 1970
Advanced Mobile Phone Service: A Subscriber Set for the Equipment Test (1979)

The amps mobile telephone subscriber set, which is the mobile customer's link with the switched telephone network, consists of three basic elements: a control unit, a transceiver, and a logic unit. The control unit is the subscriber's primary contact with the amps system and is mounted in the passenger compartment of the automobile, within easy reach of the driver. The transceiver unit, generally mounted in the trunk compartment of the automobile, is attached to the control unit, logic unit, and antennas with appropriate interconnecting cables. The logic unit functions as a master controller for the mobile telephone equipment. A microprocessor-based design, using software implemented logic, governs the primary supervisory functions and furnishes operating flexibility.