gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of phase‐encoding direction upon magnetic resonance image quality of the heart (1988)

In order to optimize overall cardiac image quality on MR images experienced observers were asked to rank and rate MR images of the heart. The effect of phase-encoding direction and use of cardiac triggering with and without respiratory gating was examined in three orthogonal imaging planes. Results indicate that use of both respiratory and cardiac gating yields the best images. Adequate images of the heart can be obtained without respiratory gating. The quality of images of the heart can be optimized by proper selection of the direction of the phase-encoding gradient. These are improved by using horizontal phase encoding in the sagittal plane and vertical phase encoding in transverse and coronal planes.
High resolution calorimeter for the investigation of melting in organic and biological materials (1978)

A high-resolution, high-sensitivity ac calorimeter has been developed to investigate the ’’melting’’ of organic and biological materials. The heart of this system is a simple yet very versatile sample cell which can be reused. High-temperature-resolution studies of the melting of n-octadecane and tert-butyl alcohol indicate interesting premelting and prefreezing phenomena in the specific heat capacity in these substances. With pure dipalmitoyl L-α-lecithin (DPL), in water, we obtain a very sharp (FWHM=0.38°C) first-order phase transition showing no pretransition broadening or post-transition tails in the specific heat curves near the 41.2°C transition point.
EU climate targets could burden minerals industry (2014)

''We must realise that we are talking about doubling the 2020 objective,'' said Reinhold Mitterlehner, Austria's Economic Affairs Minister. ''We have to see how we can deal with carbon leakage so we can protect our industry,'' he added.

He also stressed one particularly energy intensive process is the production of cement using limestone and silica: ''They're using a lot of fuel to heat to high temperatures to make clinker, that's ground up to make the cement.''

''Unless the EU takes action, [energy] costs will continue to rise. This could destroy the manufacturing industries that are the backbone of Europe's economy,'' [Lakshmi Mittal] concluded.
Biology Without Walls: The Novel Endocrinology of Bone (2011)

Classical studies of vertebrate physiology have usually been confined to a given organ or cell type. The use of mouse genetics has changed this approach and has rejuvenated the concept of a whole-body study of physiology. One physiological system that has been profoundly influenced by mouse genetics is skeletal physiology. Indeed, genetic approaches have identified several unexpected organs that affect bone physiology. These new links have begun to provide a plausible explanation for the evolutionary involvement of hormones such as leptin with bone physiology. These genetic approaches have also revealed bone as a true endocrine organ capable of regulating energy metabolism and reproduction. Collectively, the body of work discussed below illustrates a new and unconventional role for bone in mammalian physiology.
Long‐term survival of neonatal porcine Sertoli cells in non‐immunosuppressed rats (2003)

Sertoli cells from the testis contain immunoprotective properties which allow them to survive as allografts and also to protect islets and adrenal chromafin cells from immune rejection without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Experiments were designed to determine whether xenogeneic neonatal porcine Sertoli cells (NPSCs) survive transplantation in rats without the use of immunosuppression. NPSCs (92.2 +/- 5.1%) were isolated, cultured and then transplanted under the kidney capsule of non-immunosuppressed Lewis rats. To assess survival, grafts were removed after 4, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 days post-transplant and immunostained for the Sertoli cell marker vimentin. Survival was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the porcine mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) subunit gene, a marker for porcine tissue. In both methods, NPSCs were detected in the grafts for at least 90 days. Histologically, NPSCs were clustered in small aggregates or organized in tubule-like structures. When stained for the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), many Sertoli cells stained positive at 20 days post-transplant, indicating not only cell survival but also Sertoli cell proliferation. The number of PCNA positive cells decreased somewhat by 40 days with almost no positive Sertoli cells at 60 and 90 days. These data demonstrate that NPSCs survive long-term following xenotransplantation in rats, which to our knowledge is the first report of a discordant xenograft surviving without immunosuppression in a non-immunoprivileged site. Further study of the mechanism of NPSC xenograft survival may provide clues for promoting a local tolerogenic environment.
A Finite Element Approach to Direct Surface Manipulation (2001)

Abstract Direct surface manipulation (DSM) allows a designer to add a raised or indented feature to an existing NURBS or finite element surface. The user bounds the feature with a closed curve, and indicates an influence center that represents either the highest or lowest area of the feature. As we move radially outward from the influence center to the boundary curve, the magnitude of displacement is scaled gradually by a 1D parametric cubic basis function whose values range from 0 to 1. In this paper we present a new technique for assigning parameter values in the radial direction, i.e. u, to points within a DSM feature. The new technique poses parameter distribution as a Dirichlet problem and uses a finite element method to solve for u(x,y). The new method overcomes some stringent geometric conditions inherited from a fundamentally geometric-based reparameterization scheme and allows us to work with non-star-shaped and multiply-connected DSM features. Thus it allows us to apply this surface feature technique to a wider variety of surface applications.
Simultaneous measurement of urinary metanephrines and catecholamines by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (2009)

The assay of urinary catecholamines and metanephrines can be achieved simultaneously using one LC-MSMS method, which is rapid and reduces labour and consumable costs for routine application.
The treatment of phantom limb pain using immersive virtual reality: Three case studies (2007)

The authors suggest the need for further research using control trials.
Updated Knowledge About the Presence of Phenolic Compounds in Wine (2005)

Phenolic compounds are partly responsible for the color, astringency, and bitterness of wine, as well as for numerous physiological properties associated with wine consumption. Mass spectrometry has allowed for great progress in the identification and characterization of wine polyphenols. The aim of the present article is to summarize the numerous advances recently achieved in this field. The main type of phenolic compounds found in wine, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenes, flavones, flavonols, flavanonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins, are firstly described. Chemical reactions and mechanisms involving phenolic compounds during winemaking are also extensively discussed, including enzymatic and chemical oxidation reactions, direct and acetaldehyde-mediated anthocyanin-tannin condensation reactions, acetaldehydemediated and glyoxylic acid-mediated tannin-tannin condensation reactions and, C-4/C-5 anthocyanin cycloaddition reactions with 4-vinylphenols, vinylflavanols and pyruvic acid, among others, leading to the formation of pyranoanthocyanins. Useful mass spectral data of well-known and novel phenolic compounds recently identified in wine, and details related to their fragmentation pathway according to different ionization techniques, are given.
Candida haemulonii complex: species identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates from Brazil (2014)

Our results reinforce the importance of molecular identification in differentiating species of the C. haemulonii complex. Moreover, the antifungal multiresistant profile of clinical isolates of the C. haemulonii complex represents a challenge to the treatment of such infections.
Purification of unique alpha subunits of GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) by affinity chromatography with immobilized beta gamma subunits. (1990)

Novel G protein alpha subunits were purified from rat brain by an affinity matrix containing immobilized beta gamma subunits (Pang, I.-H., and Sternweis, P. C. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 7814-7818). They were unique based on the following criteria. These alpha subunits migrated differently through polyacrylamide gels with an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa. They did not behave similarly to the other brain G proteins by conventional chromatographic techniques. Antisera raised against a common region of known alpha subunits failed to recognize these 42-kDa polypeptides. Finally, primary sequences of tryptic fragments of these proteins contain regions homologous to, yet unique from, the other alpha subunits. Sequences are identical with one or more members of a new family of alpha subunits recently identified by molecular genetic techniques (Strathmann, M., Wilke, T. M., and Simon, M. I. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 7407-7409); most of the primary sequence identifies an alpha subunit labeled alpha q. These polypeptides were not substrates for ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by pertussis toxin. They bound GTP gamma S only with slow rates and low stoichiometry. Antisera to peptides based on primary sequence were specific for the new alpha subunits and indicate that they are widely distributed at low levels in different tissues but more concentrated in brain and lung. This procedure provides a means of preparing native G proteins that have a potential role as modulators of pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory pathways.
The generalized LR parser/compiler V8-4 (1990)

This paperldescribes a software package designed for practical projects which involve natural language parsing. ]he Generalized LR Parser/Compiler V8-4 is based on Tomita's Generalized LR Parsing Algorithm While the parser/compiler is not a commercial product, it has been thoroughly tested and heavily used by many projects inside and outside CMU last three years. It is publicly available with some restrictions for profit-making industries 2.
Big Data Imperatives: Enterprise Big Data Warehouse, BI Implementations and Analytics (2013)

Big Data Imperatives, focuses on resolving the key questions on everyones mind: Which data matters? Do you have enough data volume to justify the usage? How you want to process this amount of data? How long do you really need to keep it active for your analysis, marketing, and BI applications? Big data is emerging from the realm of one-off projects to mainstream business adoption; however, the real value of big data is not in the overwhelming size of it, but more in its effective use. This book addresses the following big data characteristics: Very large, distributed aggregations of loosely structured data often incomplete and inaccessible Petabytes/Exabytes of data Millions/billions of people providing/contributing to the context behind the data Flat schema's with few complex interrelationships Involves time-stamped events Made up of incomplete data Includes connections between data elements that must be probabilistically inferred Big Data Imperativesexplains 'what big data can do'. It can batch process millions and billions of records both unstructured and structured much faster and cheaper. Big data analytics provide a platform to merge all analysis which enables data analysis to be more accurate, well-rounded, reliable and focused on a specific business capability. Big Data Imperativesdescribes the complementary nature of traditional data warehouses and big-data analytics platforms and how they feed each other. This book aims to bring the big data and analytics realms together with a greater focus on architectures that leverage the scale and power of big data and the ability to integrate and apply analytics principles to data which earlier was not accessible. This book can also be used as a handbook for practitioners; helping them on methodology,technical architecture, analytics techniques and best practices. At the same time, this book intends to hold the interest of those new to big data and analytics by giving them a deep insight into the realm of big data. What youll learn Understanding the technology, implementation of big data platforms and their usage for analytics Big data architectures Big data design patterns Implementation best practices Who this book is for This book is designed for IT professionals, data warehousing, business intelligence professionals, data analysis professionals, architects, developers and business users. Table of Contents The New Information ManagementParadigm Big Data's Implication for Businesses Big Data Implications for Information Management Defining Big Data Architecture Characteristics Co-Existent Architectures Data Quality for Big Data Data Security and Privacy Considerations for Big Data Big Data and Analytics Big Data Implications for Practitioners
Silyl-proton exchange reactions (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilyl-proton exchange reactionsJohann F. KlebeCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1970, 3, 9, 299–305Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50033a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50033a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pollen—stigma interactions: Identification and characterization of surface components with recognition potential (1979)

Male-female recognition in flowering plants is initiated by mutual contact of pollen and stigma surface components. Analysis of the surface macromolecules of both stigma and pollen of Gladiolus gandavensis revealed a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The carbohydrate-containing components amounted to 6% in pollen and 23% in stigma and contained the monosaccharides galactose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose. All the mannose of both preparations was associated with a fraction that bound to concanavalin A. The stigma surface contained an arabinogalactan or arabinogalactan protein as a major component. This component has been isolated by affinity chromatography on tridacnin-Sepharose and shown to be similar in composition to a style canal component isolated in the same way. The capacity of the stigma surface preparations to bind nonspecifically to macromolecules from pollen and other sources has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Specific binding of concanavalin A to the stigma surface decreases the adhesive capacity for pollen protein. The arabinogalactan of the stigma surface may act as an adhesive base. The pollen and stigma surfaces apparently complement one another to provide all the components of an ideal adhesive.
Combinatorial approach to multi-substituted 1,4-Benzodiazepines as novel non-peptide CCK-antagonists (2001)

For the drug discovery process, a library of 168 multisubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepines were prepared by a 5-step solid phase combinatorial approach. Substituents were varied in the 3,5, 7 and 8-position on the benzodiazepine scaffold. The combinatorial library was evaluated in a CCK radiolabelled binding assay and CCKA (alimentary) and CCKB (brain) selective lead structures were discovered. The template of CCKA selective 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones bearing the tryptophan moiety was chemically modified by selective alkylation and acylation reactions. These studies provided a series of Asperlicin naturally analogues. The fully optimised Asperlicin related compound possessed a similar CCKA activity as the natural occuring compound. 3-Alkylated 1,4-benzodiazepines with selectivity towards the CCKB receptor subtype were optimised on A) the lipophilic side chain and B) the 2-aminophenyl-ketone moiety, together with some stereochemical changes. A C3 unit in the 3-position of 1,4-benzodiazepines possessed a CCKB activity within the nanomolar range. Further SAR optimisation on the N1-position by selective alkylation resulted in an improved CCKB binding with potentially decreased activity on the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex. The in vivo studies revealed two N1-alkylated compounds containing unsaturated alkyl groups with anxiolytic properties. Alternative chemical approaches have been developed, including a route that is suitable for scale up of the desired target molecule in order to provide sufficient quantities for further in vivo evaluation.
Proactive and adaptive energy-aware programming with mixed typechecking (2017)

Application-level energy management is an important dimension of energy optimization. In this paper, we introduce ENT, a novel programming language for enabling *proactive* and *adaptive* mode-based energy management at the application level. The proactive design allows programmers to apply their application knowledge to energy management, by characterizing the energy behavior of different program fragments with modes. The adaptive design allows such characterization to be delayed until run time, useful for capturing dynamic program behavior dependent on program states, configuration settings, external battery levels, or CPU temperatures. The key insight is both proactiveness and adaptiveness can be unified under a type system combined with static typing and dynamic typing. ENT has been implemented as an extension to Java, and successfully ported to three energy-conscious platforms: an Intel-based laptop, a Raspberry Pi, and an Android phone. Evaluation shows ENT improves the programmability, debuggability, and energy efficiency of battery-aware and temperature-aware programs.
Chemistry of the Coccoidea. II. Condensed polycyclic pigments from two Australian pseudococcids (Hemiptera) (1976)

The mealy bugs Nipaecoccus aurilanatus (Maskell) and Pseudococcus albizziae (Maskell) have been found to contain the novel hypericin monocarboxylic acid (8). N. aurilanatus also contains hypericin(7) and the anthraquinones (1), (2), (3) and (4) while P. albizziae contains the protohypericins (13) and (14), skyrin (6) and the anthraquinones (1), (2) and (3). A reinvestigation of the oxidation ofemodin bianthrone (17) has provided useful syntheses of skyrin (6) and protohypericin (13), and provided an unambiguous synthesis of the hypericin monocarboxylic acid (8). The substance 'isohypericin' (21) could not be obtained by the literature procedure, reaction affording protohypericin (13) as the only isolable product.
Phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytochrome P-450. Purification and characterization of two closely related isozymic forms. (1982)

The "major" phenobarbital (PB)-induced cytochrome P-450 species present in livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats was resolved into two catalytically active heme-protein fractions on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The two species, P-450 PB-4 (Mr = 49,000) and P-450 PB-5 (Mr = 51,000), were purified to homogeneity, and their chromatographic, spectral, catalytic, and structural properties were compared. P-450 BP-5 eluted earlier on hydroxylapatite and exhibited a more significant cholate-induced Type I spectral shift than P-450 BP-4. Very similar substrate specificity profiles were evident when the two isozymes were reconstituted with lipid, cytochrome P-450 reductase, and cytochrome b5 for oxidative metabolism of several xenobiotics, although P-450 PB-4 exhibited a higher specific catalytic activity (greater than or equal to 5-fold) with all substrates tested. Marked differences were also observed in the sensitivities of both isozymes to several P-450 inhibitors. In addition, P-450 PB-4 was greater than or equal to 10-fold more susceptible than P-450 PB-5 to suicide inactivation by two allyl-containing compounds, allylisopropylacetamide and secobarbital, providing a possible explanation of the previously observed partial inactivation by such compounds of phenobarbital-induced P-450 activity in liver microsomes. One-dimensional peptide maps of the two isoenzymes were highly similar. Antibody raised against purified Long Evans rat liver P-450b (Thomas, P. E., Korzeniowski, D., Ryan, D., and Levin, W. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 192, 524-532) cross-reacted with P-450 PB-4 and P-450 PB-5. NH2-terminal sequence analysis demonstrated that the first 31 residues of both PB-4 and PB-5 were identical. These sequences indicated that a highly hydrophobic terminal segment, observed previously for other P-450s as well, is followed by a cluster of basic residues, suggesting that the NH2-terminal portion of these P-450s might be involved in membrane anchoring. Although it is unclear whether P-450 PB-4 and P-450 PB-5 are separate gene products or are related by post-translational modifications, this present demonstration of closely related isozymic forms suggests the possible added complexity of microheterogeneity for this family of microsomal monooxygenases.
Review article: the global emergence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> antibiotic resistance (2015)

Since the choice of empiric therapies should be predicated on accurate information regarding antibiotic resistance rates, there is a critical need for determination of current rates at a local scale, and perhaps in individual patients. Such information would not only guide selection of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy but also inform the development of better methods to identify H. pylori antibiotic resistance at diagnosis. Patient-specific tailoring of effective antibiotic treatment strategies may lead to reduced treatment failures and less antibiotic resistance.
Characterization of CNTF secreting mammalian cell lines for encapsulated cell therapy (2025)

Characterization of CNTF secreting mammalian cell lines for encapsulated cell therapy