gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy: Lipid Abnormalities and Associated Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected Patients (2008)

It has been demonstrated that patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk for developing metabolic abnormalities that include elevated levels of serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This dyslipidemia is similar to that seen in the metabolic syndrome, raising the concern that highly active antiretroviral therapy also potentially increases the risk for cardiovascular complications. This paper reviews the contribution of both HIV infection and the different components of highly active antiretroviral therapy to dyslipidemia and the role of these abnormalities toward increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients; therapeutic strategies to manage these risks are also considered.
Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide, an Effective Disinfection System via Hydroxyl Radical Formation (2010)

The relationship between the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated by photolysis of H(2)O(2) and bactericidal activity was examined. H(2)O(2) (1 M) was irradiated with laser light at a wavelength of 405 nm to generate hydroxyl radicals. Electron spin resonance spin trapping analysis showed that the amount of hydroxyl radicals produced increased with the irradiation time. Four species of pathogenic oral bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, were used in the bactericidal assay. S. mutans in a model biofilm was also examined. Laser irradiation of suspensions in 1 M H(2)O(2) resulted in a >99.99% reduction of the viable counts of each of the test species within 3 min of treatment. Treatment of S. mutans in a biofilm resulted in a >99.999% reduction of viable counts within 3 min. Other results demonstrated that the bactericidal activity was dependent on the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated. Treatment of bacteria with 200 to 300 μM hydroxyl radicals would result in reductions of viable counts of >99.99%.
Discontinuous operation for precoded G.fast (2016)

Energy efficiency is besides higher data rates a key to success of the next generation copper access technology, G.fast [1]. Power consumption targets are not only driven by government requirements, but also by the need for access nodes without local power supply, which are fed from the subscriber via reverse power feeding (RPF). G.fast introduces discontinuous operation (DO) to reduce power consumption by switching lines on and off on a short time scale. Implementing DO in combination with precoding requires to maintain precoding performance on active lines while other lines are discontinued. This paper investigates G.fast DO in combination with linear and nonlinear precoding. Spectrum and framing optimization for DO is discussed. Implementation approaches are compared in terms of complexity and power saving capabilities, considering realization aspects as well as standard-related limitations.
Preparation of the steroidal 1,4,11-trien-3-ones and a surprisingly rapid dienone-phenol rearrangement. (1975)

25D-Spirosta-1, 4, 11-trien-3-one (5a) and androsta-1, 4, 11-trien-17β-ol-3-one acetate (16b) were prepared from hecogenin and 5β-androstane-3α, 12α, 17β-triol, respectively. The dienone-phenol rearrangements of these compounds were carried out and the structures of all reaction products were clarified. Rates of the rearrangement of 16b were determined in a 95 : 5 (w/w) mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride containing p-toluenesulfonic acid at 20° and varying acidity function H0. Comparison with a reference compound, androsta-1, 4-dien-17β-ol-3-one acetate (36), indicated for 16b a reactivity enhanced by a factor of 180 at 20°and H0=0. Products were found to be four kinds of the A-aromatic B-seco allyl acetates (at 20°and H0=-0.80 ; Δ9(11)-12α-OAc (25c) 75%, Δ9(11)-12β-OAc (25d) 2%, and Δ11(12)-9 (α and β)-OAc (26c) 23%) with the A-aromatic B/C cis Δ11(12)-steroid (27c) (3%). The results suggest important participation of the C-11 (12) double bond in the rearrangement of 16b. Treatment of the B-seco Δ9(11)-12α-allyl alcohol (25b) with the acid of H0=-1.86 at 80° led to the B/C cis steroid (27c) with a concurrent isomerization to an intermediate, B-seco Δ9(11)-12β-allyl acetate (25d), which is interpreted as a result of electrophilic aromatic substitution of an allyl cation formed from the B-seco Δ9(11)-12α-allyl alcohol.
[Diagnostic errors in purulent pyelonephritis]. (2005)

Most frequent errors in diagnosis of purulent pyelonephritis have been analysed. It is shown that only a total of data obtained on the disease history, clinical symptoms, results of laboratory tests, ultrasound or x-ray symptoms of purulent pyelonephritis enable making an accurate diagnosis and choice of adequate treatment policy.
Experimental investigation of a variable speed constant frequency electric generating system from a utility perspective (1985)

As efforts are accelerated to improve the overall capability and performance of wind electric systems, increased attention to variable speed configurations has developed. A number of potentially viable configurations have emerged. Various attributes of variable speed systems need to be carefully tested to evaluate their performance from the utility points of view. With this purpose, the NASA experimental variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) system has been tested. In order to determine the usefulness of these systems in utility applications, tests are required to resolve issues fundamental to electric utility systems. Legitimate questions exist regarding how variable speed generators will influence the performance of electric utility systems; therefore, tests from a utility perspective, have been performed on the VSCF system and an induction generator at an operating power level of 30 kW on a system rated at 200 kVA and 0.8 power factor.
Comparison of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: A prospective randomized trial (1995)

To determine the efficacy of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) and ligation (EVL) in the management of esophageal variceal bleeding, 134 cirrhotic patients were randomized to receive either treatment. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics were similar in both groups. Active bleeding was controlled with ligation (20 of 20) as efficiently as with sclerotherapy (14 of 16). Elective sclerotherapy consumed less time than ligation (7.9 +/- 1.8 minutes vs. 11.5 +/- 2.7 minutes, P < .001), but there was no difference between emergent sclerotherapy (14.5 +/- 5.8 minutes) and ligation (14.9 +/- 4.1 minutes). Ligation reduced one grade of variceal size more quickly than sclerotherapy (1.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.7 session, P < .001). The rebleeding rate was lower with ligation (13 of 67 vs. 28 of 67, P < .01). Esophageal ulcer was the most common source of rebleeding. Recurrence of varices appears more probable with ligation (P = .079). The complication rate was higher with sclerotherapy (15 of 67 vs. 3 of 67, P < .01), with esophageal stricture being the most common cause. Survival rate was the same in both groups even after stratifying patients into good and poor hepatic reserve groups. Hepatic failure was the major cause of death, followed by exsanguination. In summary, EVL was superior to EVS regarding rebleeding and complications but not in other aspects such as time consumption in elective treatment and recurrence of varices. Substantial results for long-term follow-up are required before conclusion of the treatment of choice.
Shallow junctions-modeling the dominance of point defect charge states during transient diffusion (2003)

Ion implantation damage produces point defects during annealing which can significantly enhance dopant diffusion. This diffusion at low temperatures was studied for P, As, and B implants in Si. Enhanced diffusion was observed below certain doping concentrations which depend only on temperature. For As, this concentration corresponds to As solid stability. For P, enhanced diffusion occurs below n/sub i/ for temperatures below 850 degrees C. A model is presented which correlates the self-interstitial donor level position in the Si bandgap with the dominance of B diffusion via neutral self-interstitials. It is shown that when self-interstitials are externally generated the resulting changes in the free energy of self-interstitial formation force the B diffusion via I/sup x/ (neutral self-interstitial) to be 10-100 times greater than B diffusion via I/sup +/ (donor self-interstitial).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physical and Biochemical Studies of Streptococcus mutans Sediments Suggest New Factors Linking the Cariogenicity of Plaque with its Extracellular Polysaccharide Content (1988)

Cultures of Streptococcus mutans MFe28 (serotype h) were grown with differing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) content. Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics considered relevant to caries were measured. Acid production parameters measured in a pH-stat were: Vm = 0.76 +/- 0.14 mumol/g/sec (wet weight); apparent Km (acid production) = 100 mumol/L; molar yield = 1.97 +/- 0.25 mol acid/mol glucose. Acid anion inhibition of acid production was also noted. Buffering by the pure washed bacterial residue required approx. 112 mumol of base/g (wet weight) of residue to change the pH from 4 to 6.5, and this dropped almost to zero as the EPS content increased to 100%. Diffusion coefficients (D) in the residues were independent of EPS content over a wide range. When the effusion method was used, De (glucose) and De (acetate) were (3.26 +/- 0.6) and (5.05 +/- 0.8) x 10(-6) cm2/sec, respectively. The extracellular fluid fraction, measured by inulin exclusion, increased from 0.33 for the pure bacteria to 0.78 for the pure EPS. It is shown how, by these factors alone, and without any need for diffusion restriction, plaque EPS may lead to a lower pH at the tooth surface, thus increasing the cariogenic challenge.
Compiler support for data forwarding in scalable shared-memory multiprocessors (2003)

As the difference in speed between processor and memory system continues to increase, it is becoming crucial to develop and refine techniques that enhance the effectiveness of cache hierarchies. One promising technique in the context of scalable shared-memory multiprocessors is data forwarding. Forwarding hides the latency of communication-induced misses by having producer processors send data to the caches of potential consumer processors in advance. Forwarding can hide the latency effectively, has low instruction overhead, and uses few machine resources. This paper presents a complete implementation of a data forwarding pass in an industrial-strength parallelizing compiler. Complete Fortran applications are analyzed for dependences and, based on the analysis, automatically annotated with forwarding directives. We propose a forwarding framework that includes 4 new instructions: write-forward, write-broadcast, write-update, and write-through. New microarchitectural support is proposed. In our analysis, we assume that the assignment of loop iterations to processors is known. We perform simulations of multiprocessors with different cache, memory, machine sharing, and process migration parameters. We conclude that data forwarding delivers large speedups (six 32-processor applications ran an average of 40% faster), gets close to the upper bound in performance, and needs compiler support of only medium complexity.
Why is PTEN an important tumor suppressor? (2007)

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was originally cloned as a tumor suppressor for brain tumors. Now it is known as a tumor suppressor for many tumor types. In this review, we ask the simple question: why is PTEN such a common and important tumor suppressor? The most obvious answer is that there are no other family members that can replace PTEN. As a result, several pathways critical for cell transformation are misregulated. The most important of these is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13K) PI3K-Akt pathway, which has downstream effects on transcription, proliferation, cell survival, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. In addition, PTEN is linked via several mechanisms to the p53 tumor suppressor. Through p53 and additional mechanisms, loss of PTEN leads to genomic instability. Hence, PTEN is important because its loss misregulates multiple Akt-dependent and -independent pathways critical for the development of cancer.
Producing usable materials from e-waste (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVTechnology SolutionsNEXTProducing usable materials from e-wasteNew technologies being developed in China and Eastern Europe may create usable materials from e-waste.Kellyn BettsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 18, 6782–6783Publication Date (Web):July 30, 2008Publication History Published online30 July 2008Published inissue 15 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es801954dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es801954dnewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4725Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Materials,Metals,Phenyls,Recycling,Wastes Get e-Alerts
Peptide Deformylase as an Antibacterial Drug Target: Target Validation and Resistance Development (2001)

New inhibitors of peptide deformylase (PDF) which are very potent against the isolated enzyme and show a certain degree of antibacterial activity have recently been synthesized by our group. Several lines of experimental evidence indicate that these inhibitors indeed interfere with the target enzyme in the bacterial cell. (i) The inhibition of Escherichia coli growth could be counteracted by overexpression of PDF from different organisms, including E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Conversely, reduced expression of PDF in S. pneumoniae resulted in an increased susceptibility to the inhibitors. (ii) Proteome analysis on two-dimensional gels revealed a shift for many proteins towards lower pI in the presence of PDF inhibitors, as would be expected if the proteins still carry their N-formyl-Met terminus. (iii) PDF inhibitors show no antimicrobial activity against E. coli under conditions that make growth independent of formylation and deformylation. The antibacterial activity in E. coli was characterized as bacteriostatic. Furthermore, the development of resistance in E. coli was observed to occur with high frequency (10(-7)). Resistant mutants show a reduced growth rate, and DNA sequence analysis revealed mutations in their formyl transferase gene. Taking all these aspects into account, we conclude that PDF may not be an optimal target for broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.
Evaluation of some tools for extracting e-evidence from mobile devices (2011)

In a digital world, even illegal behaviour and/or crimes may be termed as digital. This world is increasing becoming mobile, where the basic computation and communication entities are Small Scale Digital Devices (SSDDs or S2D2s) such as ordinary mobile phones, personal digital assistants, smart phones and tablets. The need to recover data, which might refer to unlawful and unethical activities gave rise to the discipline of mobile forensics, which has become an integral part of digital forensics. Consequently, in the last few years there is an abundance of mobile forensics tools, both commercial and open-source ones, whose vendors and developers make various assertions about the capabilities and the performance of their tools. The complexity and the diversity of both mobile devices and mobile forensics tools, coupled with the volatile nature of the digital evidence and the legal requirements of admissibility makes it difficult for forensics investigators to select the right tool. Hence, we have evaluated UFED Physical Pro 1.1.3.8 and XRY 5.0 following “Smartphone Tool Specifications Standard” developed by NIST, in order to start developing a framework for evaluating and referencing the “goodness” of the mobile forensic tools. The experiments and the results of the research against the core smart phone tool specifications and their associated test findings are presented in such a way that it should make it easier for the prospective mobile forensic examiner select the most adequate tool for a specific case.
Facts and fallacies of software engineering (2002)

The practice of building software is a &quot;new kid on the block&quot; technology. Though it may not seem this way for those who have been in the field for most of their careers, in the overall scheme of professions, software builders are relative &quot;newbies.&quot; \nIn the short history of the software field, a lot of facts have been identified, and a lot of fallacies promulgated. Those facts and fallacies are what this book is about.\nThere&apos;s a problem with those facts—and, as you might imagine, those fallacies. Many of these fundamentally important facts are learned by a software engineer, but over the short lifespan of the software field, all too many of them have been forgotten. While reading Facts and Fallacies of Software Engineering, you may experience moments of &quot;Oh, yes, I had forgotten that,&quot; alongside some &quot;Is that really true?&quot; thoughts.\nThe author of this book doesn&apos;t shy away from controversy. In fact, each of the facts and fallacies is accompanied by a discussion of whatever controversy envelops it. You may find yourself agreeing with a lot of the facts and fallacies, yet emotionally disturbed by a few of them! Whether you agree or disagree, you will learn why the author has been called &quot;the premier curmudgeon of software practice.&quot;\nThese facts and fallacies are fundamental to the software building field—forget or neglect them at your peril!\n
Surface tension and permeability of water treated by polar crystal tourmaline. (1991)

Water was flowed through the packed bed of ceramic spheres containing crystallites of
Efficacy and safety of faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with psoriatic arthritis: protocol for a 6-month, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (2018)

NCT03058900; Pre-results.
microPET and autoradiographic imaging of GRP receptor expression with 64Cu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin in human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts. (2004)

This study demonstrates that PET imaging of (64)Cu-DOTA-[Lys(3)]BBN is able to detect GRPR-positive prostate cancer.
Autonomous dynamic spectrum access system behavior and performance (2005)

An autonomous dynamic spectrum access (ADSA) system overcomes the spectrum scarcity caused by the current command and control spectrum allocation paradigm, by enabling multiple uncoordinated groups of radios to access spectrum on an as-needed basis without causing mutual harmful interference. This paper describes the behavior and performance of such a system. Adaptation is driven by continual monitoring of local spectrum utilization within the bounds specified by regulatory policy. Nodes adjust their RF signal-in-space bandwidth to capture available spectrum while leaving adequate spectrum available for other spectrum users. The dynamic spectrum access technology is widely applicable to many forms of wireless communication. It will dramatically increase spectrum availability for both military and commercial applications, and should be considered an early step towards creating a truly cognitive radio [(2003), Mitola, J, III (1999)]
Multilayered Garnet Films for High Density Magneto-Optic Memory (1987)

Fabrication of multilayered garnet films for magneto-optical recording by the pyrolysis method was investigated. It was found that stress due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients of the bottom layer and substrate reduce the perpendicular anisotropy of the magnetic layer. It was concluded that each layer should be individually crystallized to reduce the influence of dispersion between the layers. This also makes it possible to grow each layer exactly according to design.
Cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid, disrupts development of cranial neural crest cells in <i>Xenopus</i> (1995)

Cyclopamine is a steroidal alkaloid which causes limb and craniofacial defects in many vertebrate species. We have used Xenopus laevis as a model system to characterize the defects caused by cyclopamine at the cellular level. The most dramatic consequence of cyclopamine treatment in the Xenopus embryo is a defect in formation of craniofacial cartilage. Much of this cartilage is absent in treated animals. As in avian and mammalian species, Xenopus craniofacial cartilage is derived primarily from cells of the cranial neural crest. Grafting experiments show that development of the cartilaginous derivatives of the cranial neural crest is impaired after cyclopamine treatment, and this is at least partially due to a direct effect on presumptive crest cells. A culture system was used to determine the cellular response to the drug. Cyclopamine did not block the initial emigration of cells from a neural plate explant. However, cell death is seen in treated cultures after 4 days. Trunk neural crest cells and transformed cell lines are resistant to cyclopamine. We therefore conclude that cyclopamine specifically causes death of cranial neural crest cells and that lethality is likely to account for the teratogenic effects of this compound.
Semiconductor ballast circuits for discharge lamps (1975)

Semiconductor circuits used in place of conventional control gear can reduce the size and weight of discharge lamp ballasts, and in many cases improve both lamp and overall efficiencies. The paper describes small semiconductor — series choke arrangements which could replace large leakage transformers or choke—transformer combinations. A number of different practical semiconductor ballast circuits with thyristors and transistors are discussed. Some design problems and the effects on discharge lamp performance are also mentioned.
Towards an integrated management system for heterogeneous network environments (2003)

An approach to solve the management problem presented by heterogeneous network environments is proposed which is based on the integrated network management system (INMS) model. The operator accesses the INMS through a unified network management interface (UNMI) that provides a generic, vendor-independent view of the network. Each of the various native network management systems interacts with the INMS through a network management gateway. Each gateway maps the native management protocol into a common management protocol that is based on the evolving ISO standards. The key to the UNMI and the common management protocol is the development of a generic network description language that describes the anatomy, behavior, and control of disparate networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>