gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the evoked potential P3 component for control in a virtual apartment (2003)

Virtual reality (VR) may prove useful for training individuals to use a brain-computer interface (BCI). It could provide complex and controllable experimental environments during BCI research and development as well as increase user motivation. In the study reported here, we examined the robustness of the evoked potential P3 component in virtual and nonvirtual environments. We asked subjects to control several objects or commands in a virtual apartment. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences in the P3 signal between subjects performing a task while immersed in VR versus subjects looking at a computer monitor. This indicates the robustness of the P3 signal over different environments. For an online control task, the performance in a VR environment was not significantly different from performance when looking at a computer monitor. There was, however, a more significant result when the subject's head view of the virtual world was fixed (p < 0.05) when compared with looking at a computer monitor. We also found that subjects' self-reported qualitative experiences did not necessarily match their objective performance. Six out of nine subjects liked the VR environment better, but only one of these subjects performed the best in this environment. The possible ramifications of this, as well as plans for future work, are discussed.
ACTIONS AND USES OF DINITROPHENOL (1933)

We have recently shown in a series of papers<sup>1</sup>that alpha-dinitrophenol markedly augments metabolism in doses which are not demonstrably harmful. As this drug may have a number of important clinical applications, it seems desirable to present a summary report of its pharmacologic and therapeutic effects, and to point out certain potential dangers in, and limitations to, its use. During the World War, dinitrophenol was called to the attention of French physicians by cases of poisoning from it in munitions factories. Only incomplete investigations of the actions of the compound were made at that time, as judged by published reports. Recently, Magne, Mayer, Plantefol and others<sup>2</sup>have extended or completed work begun some years previously but reported simultaneously with our entirely independent studies. We are in general agreement with them as to the main pharmacologic actions of the drug. The experimental studies have been extended by us and
Tactile sensing system design issues in machine manipulation (2005)

Research in robotics and automation is gradually revealing the importance of tactile information in the control of machine manipulation systems. Substantial research efforts have been devoted to the construction of compact, high resolution force sensing arrays which employ sophisticated transduction and processing techniques. A variety of systems have been experimentally investigated and a widespread optimism exists regarding the potential use of complex tactile sensing systems in robotic end effectors. Unfortunately, relatively few multi-detector systems have seen actual have seen actual use in real manipulation systems. Those designs that have been applied in automatic environments have almost invariably been used in static circumstances for simple contact imaging. As a consequence of these efforts, it is becoming clear that much work remains to be done before machine touch can be understood and then used to enhance the performance of a dynamic manipulation process. The slow progress in the development of comprehensive tactile sensing systems indicates that the fundamental problem is not simply one of transducer array design and fabrication. Advancements in this area will require: (1) understanding new concepts related to contact detection and image formation as well as the use of contact information to control grasp and to aid in task planning; and (2) the development of actual sensing systems which can be used first to experimentally explore important issues in machine manipulation, and later as a basis for the future design of practical and economic tactile sensing systems. The development of appropriate tactile sensors for research applications will require an exhaustive design effort aimed at understanding the architecture of these systems at all levels, including: (1) transducers and preprocessors which acquire data indicating the type of contact between end effector surfaces and an object and which prepare that data for transmission; (2) multiplexing and transmission systems which efficiently supply sensor data to the controller; and (3) tactile focus control systems which, in order to maximize system transmission efficiency, will dynamically select which sensors will be interrogated for information which will be integrated with other sensory input. This paper reviews preliminary work aimed at understanding the general issues and trade-offs governing the design of real tactile sensing systems. Also, specific designs emphasizing practical necessities such as simplicity, reliability, and economy will be discussed along with plans to integrate this system into the Utah/MIT Dextrous Hand.
Isolation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Recombinant Human Topoisomerase II Polypeptide (1993)

We have produced two murine monoclonal antibodies (SWT3D1 and SWR1C2) to a recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal one-third (amino acid 854-amino acid 1447) of human topoisomerase II alpha. Each antibody is able to recognize intact human topoisomerase II using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Data is presented demonstrating that the antibodies bind specifically to topoisomerase II alpha but do not interact with topoisomerase II beta. The monoclonal antibodies do not recognize murine or calf thymus topoisomerase II indicating that each may bind exclusively to the human enzyme. The topoisomerase II binding sites for each monoclonal antibody have been compared in a competition ELISA. The SWT3D1 antibody had no significant effect on the binding efficiency of biotinylated SWR1C2 antibody. Although SWR1C2 was capable of inhibiting the binding of biotinylated SWT3D1, this only occurred at concentrations approximately 1000-fold higher than those required of SWT3D1 to block binding of itself. These results suggest that SWT3D1 and SWR1C2 do not recognize identical epitopes on topoisomerase II.
Virtual Reality Technologies for Research and Education in Obesity and Diabetes: Research Needs and Opportunities (2011)

The rising rates, high prevalence, and adverse consequences of obesity and diabetes call for new approaches to the complex behaviors needed to prevent and manage these conditions. Virtual reality (VR) technologies, which provide controllable, multisensory, interactive three-dimensional (3D) stimulus environments, are a potentially valuable means of engaging patients in interventions that foster more healthful eating and physical activity patterns. Furthermore, the capacity of VR technologies to motivate, record, and measure human performance represents a novel and useful modality for conducting research. This article summarizes background information and discussions for a joint July 2010 National Institutes of Health - Department of Defense workshop entitled Virtual Reality Technologies for Research and Education in Obesity and Diabetes. The workshop explored the research potential of VR technologies as tools for behavioral and neuroscience studies in diabetes and obesity, and the practical potential of VR in fostering more effective utilization of diabetes- and obesity-related nutrition and lifestyle information. Virtual reality technologies were considered especially relevant for fostering desirable health-related behaviors through motivational reinforcement, personalized teaching approaches, and social networking. Virtual reality might also be a means of extending the availability and capacity of health care providers. Progress in the field will be enhanced by further developing available platforms and taking advantage of VR's capabilities as a research tool for well-designed hypothesis-testing behavioral science. Multidisciplinary collaborations are needed between the technology industry and academia, and among researchers in biomedical, behavioral, pedagogical, and computer science disciplines. Research priorities and funding opportunities for use of VR to improve prevention and management of obesity and diabetes can be found at agency websites (National Institutes of Health: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/index.html; Department of Defense: www.tatrc.org).
Particle image velocimetry: high-speed transparency scanning and correlation-peak location in optical processing systems (1993)

In order to exploit the full potential offered by optical correlation processing in the analysis of transparencies obtained by particle image velocimetry one needs to advance the transparency and to track the position of correlation peaks at great speed. In the following, this procedure is discussed with reference to an optical analysis system based on a high-speed ferroelectric optically addressed spatial light modulator. We present a system that uses scanning optics both to scan through the input transparency and to locate the correlation peaks in the resulting optical output distributions as a practical solution to the problem. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated at a processing speed of ~500 autocorrelations/s when a one-dimensional acousto-optic output scanning device is used.
The preparation of pellets containing non-ionic surfactants by extrusion/spheronization (2008)

The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of incorporating non-ionic surfactants into pellets produced from microcrystalline cellulose by the process of extrusion/spheronization and the properties of the pellets. A hydrophilic surfactant, polysorbate 60 (PS 60), and two hydrophobic surfactants, sorbitan monostearate (S 60) and sorbitan monooleate (S 80), were included in the water used to form the pellets in concentrations ranging from 5 to 95%. The presence of the surfactants influenced the type of the extrusion profile and improved the ability to provide round pellets, and the addition of the surfactants changed the range of liquid levels required to prepare the pellets. At a low level, i.e., 5%, all the surfactants increased the range of water contents possible, compared to the use of water alone. At high surfactant levels, the level of liquid, which could be used, became restricted. The median size of the pellets was dependent on the type of surfactant and the concentration included in the formulation. The range of sizes produced was generally quite narrow and there were many systems with more than 90% of the pellets in the modal fraction. The highest concentration of the surfactant in water that can be used to form pellets ranged from 50% for S 60, to 80% for S 80 and 95% for PS 60. The maximum amount of the surfactant, which could be incorporated into the final pellet, however, was found to be approximately 22.5% for both the hydrophobic surfactants and 32.5% for the hydrophilic surfactant.
Neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells on diX (parylene) family materials (2011)

We investigated neuronal cell differentiation, particularly neurite outgrowth, on the surface of diX H and diX AM using an in vitro examination of a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. diX H and diX AM are in the parylene family of diX C (or Parylene-C), which is widely used as a novel coating material to insulate neural electrodes, and they have been recently commercialized; diX H and diX AM offer different features of biocompatibility. Previously, we found that these new parylene materials have high cell adhesiveness to neuronal cells whereas the adhesiveness of diX C is extremely low. However, their cell differentiation remains unknown although neuronal cell differentiation plays a crucial role in their development and regeneration. This study showed that almost all PC12 cells adhering to the surface of diX AM and diX H were differentiated, but the neurite outgrowth was significantly larger on diX H than that on diX AM and a conventional polystyrene culture dish. The result suggests that diX H may be advantageous as a biocompatible coating material for a scaffold, which can be used on virtually any substrate to get various configurations in neural devices.
Cytotoxic Origin of Copper(II) Oxide Nanoparticles: Comparative Studies with Micron-Sized Particles, Leachate, and Metal Salts (2011)

The work investigates the source of toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with respect to its leaching characteristic and speciation. Complexation-mediated leaching of CuO NPs by amino acids was identified as the source of toxicity toward Escherichia coli, the model microorganism used in the current study. The leached copper-peptide complex induces a multiple-fold increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and reduces the fractions of viable cells, resulting in the overall inhibition of biomass growth. The cytotoxicity of the complex leachate is however different from that of equivalent soluble copper salts (nitrates and sulfates). A pH-dependent copper speciation during the addition of copper salts gives rise to uncoordinated copper ions, which in turn result in greater toxicity and cell lysis, the latter of which was not observed for CuO NPs even at comparable pH. Since leaching did not occur with micrometer-sized CuO, no cytotoxicty effect was observed, thus highlighting the prominence of materials toxicity at the nanoscale.
Novel Diamino Derivatives of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine as Potent and Selective Adenosine A<sub>2a</sub>Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Piperazine derivatives of 2-furanyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine have recently been demonstrated to be potent and selective adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists with oral activity in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. We have replaced the piperazinyl group with a variety of linear, monocyclic, and bicyclic diamines. Of these diamines, (R)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine is a particularly potent and selective replacement for the piperazinyl group. With this diamine component, we have been able to prepare numerous analogues with low nanomolar affinity toward the A(2a) receptor and good selectivity with respect to the A(1) receptor (>200-fold in some cases). Selected analogues from this series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine have now been shown to be orally active in the mouse catalepsy model.
Real-time polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography data processing with parallel computing (2009)

With the increase of the A-line speed of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, real-time processing of acquired data has become a bottleneck. The shared-memory parallel computing technique is used to process OCT data in real time. The real-time processing power of a quad-core personal computer (PC) is analyzed. It is shown that the quad-core PC could provide real-time OCT data processing ability of more than 80 K A-lines per second. A real-time, fiber-based, swept source polarization-sensitive OCT system with 20 K A-line speed is demonstrated with this technique. The real-time 2D and 3D polarization-sensitive imaging of chicken muscle and pig tendon is also demonstrated.
Roflumilast in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence from large trials (2010)

At the moment, roflumilast should only be considered as a second-line treatment, and the exact indication remains to be determined. Apparently, it should be reserved for patients who have frequent exacerbations despite treatment with inhaled bronchodilators. However, considering the high risk of adverse events induced by this drug, the published evidence seems to indicate limiting its use to the treatment of patients suffering from very severe COPD.
Ultra-violet microscopy (1928)

The paper describes experiences encountered in trials of various methods of ultra violet microscopy. The selection with the aid of the interferometer of the fused quartz for the objective; the arrangement of the illuminating systems; old and new methods of finding the ultraviolet focus; the mechanical requirements of the microscope; the control of the immersion fluid by the use of non-hygroscopic mixtures, and the investigation of the resolving power of ultra-violet systems, are among the subjects discussed.
A Chinese Event Relation Extraction Model Based on BERT (2019)

Relation extraction and event extraction are important subtasks of information extraction. To identify the relations and events in Chinese text accurately can help to improve the performance of tasks such as graph construction and risk conduction. Different from the traditional methods, this paper proposes a joint model to extract entities and events in the text, and gives the concept of event relation, to discover the potential relations between the arguments of events and the relations between two or more events. We conduct experiments on a financial dataset, the results show that the new model is 4%-6% higher than the existing event extraction model in F1 score, and the proposed event relation is also meaningful and practical.
Valuation of European Call Options on Multiple Underlying Assets by Using a Quasi-Monte Carlo Method : A Case with Baskets from Oslo Stock Exchange (2000)

The main goal of this thesis has been to study and develop faster and more accurate methods for pricing and hedging exotic options. This has involved work on models describing prices and hedges as well as the stochastics driving them. We have also put effort into algorithmic interpretation and implementation of the models to enable efficiency measurement with regards to computing time. In some of the articles we have aspired to find criteria to decide whether the pricing methods we have developed can be expected to perform well, enabling practicians to find a good numerical method for their given pricing/hedging problem easier. However, the most optimistic reader must be warned: We have not found one single method that works best for all types of option pricing problems, and we do not think that sucj a method exists. Pricing and hedging of exotic options involve thorough knowledge of the problem at hand, and the mastering of a tool box of numerical methods from which a suitible one can be picket. We beleive, however, that the thesis contributes som to the enlargement of the tool box.
Wax D, peptido-glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: further purification and study of an adjuvant arthritis inhibiting subfraction. (1968)

Waxes D from Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis, strains Canetti and Brévannes, and from M. kansasii No. 21 which are macromolecular peptidoglycolipids with important biological properties (Freund's adjuvant effect; induction of adjuvant arthritis), were submitted to further purifications. The fractions obtained after ultracentrifugation in ether were acetylated and chromatographed on silicic acid. The quantitative amino acid compositions of the different subfractions were established. The study of these compounds seemed important as the arthritis-inducing ability of wax D was lost after acetylation. Furthermore, rats injected with an acetylated wax D were protected against the arthritis-inducing ability of unaltered wax D.
Intestinal microsomes: polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and regulation of enterocyte transport properties (1990)

Recent evidence has suggested that transport of nutrients from the lumen to the interior of the gastrointestinal epithelium and exit of nutrients from the enterocyte to the circulation is governed by physicochemical properties of brush border and basolateral membranes, respectively. The main determinants of membrane properties are phospholipid, cholesterol, and fatty acyl chain composition (chain length and degree of unsaturation). Lipid synthesis occurs in enterocyte microsomes and the fine tuning of lipid composition is done at other subcellular sites by deacylation-reacylation or by changing the polar head group (e.g., by phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase). The present paper will focus on the mechanisms by which enterocyte membranes adapt functional properties in response to external stimuli. It is proposed that under the influence of internal or external stress, the enzymes of lipid metabolism in microsomes are modulated. These changes in lipid synthesis are reflected in other subcellular membranes, changing their physicochemical status and thus transport phenomena. One of the initial events appears to be alteration in desaturase enzyme activity. Our results suggest that desaturase activity and the fatty acyl profiles of the intestinal mucosal phospholipid rapidly respond to physiological conditions such as fasting and dietary fat treatment.
Application Of Chronic Care Model For Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: Focus On The Middle-Aged Population Of Pakistan (2016)

This article discusses the potential application of Chronic Care Model (CCM) for self-management of type 2 diabetes focusing on the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan. The article further highlights the variations of chronic care model and the evidence for its efficacy and elaborating the elements of the model that are used in primary health care. The features of Chronic Care Model (CCM) have been highlighted including the socio-ecological approach to diabetes self-management and community–based partnership for improving chronic disease management. The two components of the chronic care model such as patient self-management support (SMS) and delivery system design (DSD) have been proposed for type 2 diabetes patients in the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan to see the effectiveness of their intervention in improving the patient quality of life, risk behaviour and knowledge and adherence to treatment. The chronic care model offers an ideal framework to support diabetes self-management education and support because it provides a sound basis on which to promote self-management.
Chorea (1996)

The Huntington's disease mutation and its protein product are widely expressed in the brain, although the link to presumed excitotoxic damage is unknown. The availability of the genetic test increased the study of preclinical changes in the disease and the identification of more rare choreic illnesses. Other types of transient or permanent basal ganglia dysfunction might cause chorea.
Synthesis of Hydrophobic Poly(alkylene oxide)s and Amphiphilic Poly(alkylene oxide) Block Copolymers (2007)

The anionic ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides, except ethylene oxide, is accompanied by strong side reactions, leading to high molecular weight and low molecular weight byproducts. In this work we investigated the anionic polymerization of hydrophobic alkylene oxides at different temperatures, solvents, and initiating systems. For polymers synthesized in the temperature range between 40 and 80 °C and employing potassium and cesium alcoholate initiators significant amounts of byproducts were found. With the help of crown ethers the temperature could be reduced to −23 °C without extending polymerization times too much. This measure allowed eliminating byproducts almost completely. The best results were obtained with potassium alcoholates and 18-crown-6 in toluene at −10 to −23 °C. Poly(1,2-butylene oxide), poly(1,2-hexylene oxide), and poly(1,2-octylene oxide) homopolymers were synthesized up to molecular weights in the range of 50 000−100 000 and Mw/Mn < 1.1. Furthermore, the method was employed to synthesize amphiphilic block copolymers of the hydrophobic poly(alkylene oxide)s with poly(ethylene oxide) as the hydrophilic moiety. Block molecular weights reached up to 50 000. Even at those high molecular weights the contents of homopolymer byproduct did not exceed 1%. The results indicate that side reactions usually involved in the anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides were largely suppressed using the employed polymerization technique.