gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Optogenetic Control of Calcium Signaling with a High-Density Micro-LED Array (2019)

Precise optogenetic control, ideally down to single cells in dense cell populations, is essential in understanding the heterogeneity of cell networks. Devices with such capability, if built in a chip scale, will advance optogenetic studies at cellular levels in a variety of experimental settings. Here we demonstrate optogenetic control of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> dynamics at the single cell level using a 16-μm pitched micro-light emitting diode (LED) array that features high brightness, small spot size, fast response, and low voltage operation. Individual LED pixels are able to reliably trigger intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and control experiments and cross-checked by two genetically coded Ca<sup>2+</sup> indicators. Importantly, our array can optogenetically address individual cells that are sub-10 μm apart in densely packed cell populations. These results suggest the possible use of the micro-LED array toward a lab-on-a-chip for single-cell optogenetics, which may allow for pharmaceutical screening and fundamental studies on a variety of cell networks.
An effective visualization technique for depth perception in augmented reality‐based surgical navigation (2015)

We confirmed that depth perception in AR could be improved by the proposed seamless switching between AR and VR, and providing an indication of the minimum distance also facilitated the surgical tasks.
Attenuation of CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced hepatic fibrosis by GdCl<sub>3</sub>treatment or dietary glycine (2001)

The role of Kupffer cells in CCl(4)-induced fibrosis was investigated in vivo. Male Wistar rats were treated with phenobarbital and CCl(4) for 9 wk, and a group of rats were injected with the Kupffer cell toxicant gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) or were fed glycine, which inactivates Kupffer cells. After CCl(4) alone, the fibrosis score was 3.0 +/- 0.1 and collagen protein and mRNA expression were elevated, but GdCl(3) or glycine blunted these parameters. Glycine did not alter cytochrome P-450 2E1, making it unlikely that glycine affects CCl(4) metabolism. Treatment with GdCl(3) or glycine prevented CCl(4)-induced increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 protein levels and expression. CCl(4) treatment increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining (score 3.0 +/- 0.2), whereas treatment with GdCl(3) and glycine during CCl(4) exposure blocked this effect (1.2 +/- 0.5); there was no staining with glycine treatment. These results support previous in vitro data and demonstrate that treatment of rats with the selective Kupffer cell toxicant GdCl(3) prevents stellate cell activation and the development of fibrosis.
Risk of Fracture after Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer (2005)

Androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer increases the risk of fracture.
Expression and Characterization of the Chitin-Binding Domain of Chitinase A1 from <i>Bacillus circulans</i> WL-12 (2000)

Chitinase A1 from Bacillus circulans WL-12 comprises an N-terminal catalytic domain, two fibronectin type III-like domains, and a C-terminal chitin-binding domain (ChBD). In order to study the biochemical properties and structure of the ChBD, ChBD(ChiA1) was produced in Escherichia coli using a pET expression system and purified by chitin affinity column chromatography. Purified ChBD(ChiA1) specifically bound to various forms of insoluble chitin but not to other polysaccharides, including chitosan, cellulose, and starch. Interaction of soluble chitinous substrates with ChBD(ChiA1) was not detected by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry. In addition, the presence of soluble substrates did not interfere with the binding of ChBD(ChiA1) to regenerated chitin. These observations suggest that ChBD(ChiA1) recognizes a structure which is present in insoluble or crystalline chitin but not in chito-oligosaccharides or in soluble derivatives of chitin. ChBD(ChiA1) exhibited binding activity over a wide range of pHs, and the binding activity was enhanced at pHs near its pI and by the presence of NaCl, suggesting that the binding of ChBD(ChiA1) is mediated mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Hydrolysis of beta-chitin microcrystals by intact chitinase A1 and by a deletion derivative lacking the ChBD suggested that the ChBD is not absolutely required for hydrolysis of beta-chitin microcrystals but greatly enhances the efficiency of degradation.
Fracture model for cemented aggregates (2013)

A mechanisms-based fracture model applicable to a broad class of cemented aggregates and, among them, plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) composites, is presented. The model is calibrated for PBX 9502 using the available experimental data under uniaxial compression and tension gathered at various strain rates and temperatures. We show that the model correctly captures inelastic stress-strain responses prior to the load peak and it predicts the post-critical macro-fracture processes, which result from the growth and coalescence of micro-cracks. In our approach, the fracture zone is embedded into elastic matrix and effectively weakens the material's strength along the plane of the dominant fracture.
Novel Open-Cage Fullerenes Having a 12-Membered-Ring Orifice:  Removal of the Organic Addends from the Rim of the Orifice (2004)

Two novel open-cage fullerene derivatives bearing a 12-membered-ring orifice on the fullerene cage have been isolated. Removal of the N-MEM protective group leads to the first open-cage [60]fullerene derivative without organic addends on the rim of the orifice. [structure: see text]
Gaia Microserver: An Extendable Mobile Middleware Platform (2005)

The Gaia ubiquitous computing platform currently supports mobile devices through a thin client proxy architecture. Mobile devices run a lightweight proxy client written in J2ME to join an active space. While this approach allows a wide variety of devices to interact with active spaces, it lacks the ability to use device specific functionality. This problem is addressed by combining the J2ME client with a microserver, which is a bridge from the native language to J2ME. The microserver-proxy approach enables thin clients to fully access device-specific features while respecting security through a standard interface as Gaia services.
Kinetics of Coal Conversion in Supercritical Water (2007)

Conversion of the coal particle pack in supercritical water (SCW) was studied in the semibatch reactor under the pressure of P = 30 MPa, in the temperature range of T = 500−750 °C, and in the reaction time of t = 60−720 s. The experimental results were analyzed within the framework of homogeneous, nonreacted core, and random pore models. The quantitative composition of conversion products was determined. Dependences of the conversion rate on the degree of coal conversion, reaction time, and temperature were described in an assumption of the first-order reaction and Arrhenius dependence. It was found that activation energy of conversion is E = 103 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor is A0 = 1.3 × 103.1 s-1. It was revealed that coal gasification in SCW without oxidants is the weakly endothermic process. The addition of CO2 into SCW decreases the conversion rate and increases the CO yield.
Embedded Trusted Computing with Authenticated Non-Volatile Memory (2008)

Abstract. Trusted computing is an emerging technology to improve the trustworthiness of computing platforms. The Trusted Computing Group has proposed specifications for a Trusted Platform Module and a Mobile Trusted Module. One of the key problems when integrating these trusted modules into an embedded system-on-chip design, is the lack of on-chip multiple-time-programmable non-volatile memory. In this paper, we describe a solution to protect the trusted module’s persistent state in external memory against non-invasive attacks. We introduce a minimal cryptographic protocol to achieve an authenticated channel between the trusted module and the external non-volatile memory. A MAC algorithm has to be added to the external memory to ensure authenticity. As a case study, we discuss trusted computing on reconfigurable hardware. In order to make our solution applicable to the low-end FPGA series which has no security measures on board, we present a solution that only relies on the reverse engineering complexity of the undocumented bitstream encoding and uses a physically unclonable function for one-time-programmable key storage. Clearly, this solution is also applicable to high-end series with special security measures on board. Our solution also supports field updates of the trusted module. 1
OXIDATION OF NIOBIUM (COLUMBIUM) IN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE 500 TO 1200 C (1961)

The oxidation behavior of niobium was studied in the temperature range 500 deg to 1200 deg C and at oxygen pressures of 760, 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 mm of Hg. The work comprises kinetic studies of the oxidation as well as structural investigations of the oxidized specimens by means of x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, electron microscopy, and metallographic techniques. The oxidation reaction has a highly irregular temperature dependence and is unusually sensitive to changes in the oxygen pressure. The complex oxidation behavior is suggested to be due to formation of different Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ modifications in different temperature regions. During oxidation oxygen is also dissolved in the metal. Formation of oxide whiskers take place on the oxide surface at temperatures above approximately 800 deg C. (auth)
Programming Generalization When Mainstreaming Exceptional Children (1980)

Many articles have been written about psychological, legal and philosophical issues related to mainstreaming exceptional students into the regular classroom; but few provide the teacher with specific procedures to accomplish the task. The authors of this paper contend that teaching strategies having the most relevance for mainstreaming can be derived from research on generalization of behaviors. Eight categories of generalization techniques for mainstreaming exceptional children are presented in this paper. The authors have specified practical procedures that interested practitioners can use in facilitating mainstreaming.
Two horizontal rectus eye muscle surgery combined with botulinum toxin for the treatment of very large angle esotropia. A pilot study. (2005)

Bilateral medial rectus recession with simultaneous botulinum injection is a safe and effective primary surgical procedure for very large angle esotropia. A more extensive study is indicated to confirm these findings.
An Ontology-Based Metamodel for Software Patterns (2006)

Patterns have been successfully used in software design to reuse proven solutions. But the complex interconnections and the number of pattern collections is becoming a barrier for identifying relevant patterns and pattern combinations for a given design context. More formal representations of patterns are needed that allow machine processing and the creation of systematic pattern languages that guide composition of patterns into coherent design solutions. In this paper, we present a technique based on Description Logic and Semantic Web technologies to address these problems. A metamodel is presented for developing pattern languages using this technology. Usability patterns are used to demonstrate how this metamodel can be instantiated to form a pattern language for that domain. Our technique provides a computational basis for building intelligent tools that utilize patterns to support software development activities. 2
5-hydroxytryptamine and platelet aggregation. (1983)

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activates blood platelets of various species including humans. In contrast to cat, pig, and sheep platelets, human blood platelets respond to 5-HT mainly with a shape change and a reversible aggregation only. However, depending on the concentration and the time interval between its addition and that of another agonist, 5-HT amplifies the human platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and norepinephrine; the monoamine itself induces strong aggregation of platelets presensitized with norepinephrine, lysolecithin, or Thrombofax. Prolonged exposure of platelets to 5-HT results in transient tachyphylaxis. Pharmacodissection and receptor-binding studies suggest the presence of functional receptors, possibly of the 5-HT2 (S2) type, different from the ones involved in the active uptake of the monoamine by the platelets. As a modulator of platelet reactions, 5-HT may be involved in secondary platelet aggregation, hemostasis, and thrombus formation.
Immune Modulation of Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: The Art of Mending Broken Hearts (2016)

The accumulation of immune cells is among the earliest responses that manifest in the cardiac tissue after injury. Both innate and adaptive immunity coordinate distinct and mutually non-exclusive events governing cardiac repair, including elimination of the cellular debris, compensatory growth of the remaining cardiac tissue, activation of resident or circulating precursor cells, quantitative and qualitative modifications of the vascular network, and formation of a fibrotic scar. The present review summarizes the mounting evidence suggesting that the inflammatory response also guides the regenerative process following cardiac damage. In particular, recent literature has reinforced the central role of monocytes/macrophages in poising the refreshment of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction- or apical resection-induced cardiac insult. Macrophages dictate cardiac myocyte renewal through stimulation of preexisting cardiomyocyte proliferation and/or neovascularization. Nevertheless, substantial efforts are required to identify the nature of these macrophage-derived factors as well as the molecular mechanisms engendered by the distinct subsets of macrophages pertaining in the cardiac tissue. Among the growing inflammatory intermediaries that have been recognized as essential player in heart regeneration, we will focus on the role of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-13. Finally, it is likely that within the mayhem of the injured cardiac tissue, additional types of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, will enter the dance to ignite and refresh the broken heart. However, the protective and detrimental inflammatory pathways have been mainly deciphered in animal models. Future research should be focused on understanding the cellular effectors and molecular signals regulating inflammation in human heart to pave the way for the development of factual therapies targeting the inflammatory compartment in cardiac diseases.
Analog/digital testing of loaded boards without dedicated test points (2002)

This paper describes a new way to consider loaded board test fixturing, meeting the challenges of testing high density analog/digital loaded boards, such as mobile phones, camescopes, PCMCIA or fax boards. This method allows board area space savings of 7 to 15%.
Inorganic Chloramines as Drinking Water Disinfectants: A Review (1984)

Although chloramines have been used to disinfect drinking water in the United States for more than 60 years, interest in these disinfectants has recently increased with the discovery that much lower levels of halogenated organics are produced during chloramination than during chlorination. Considerable controversy exists, however, regarding the effectiveness of chloramines as microbicidal agents and their possible effects on human health. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the use of chloramines in disinfection, including their chemical properties; their effectiveness against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa; and the toxic effects they produce in humans and wildlife. The use of laboratory findings for predicting the efficiency of chloramines in the field is also addressed.
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Aliphatic Polyesters (2017)

3D printing represents a valuable alternative to traditional processing methods, clearly demonstrated by the promising results obtained in the manufacture of various products, such as scaffolds for regenerative medicine, artificial tissues and organs, electronics, components for the automotive industry, art objects and so on. This revolutionary technique showed unique capabilities for fabricating complex structures, with precisely controlled physical characteristics, facile tunable mechanical properties, biological functionality and easily customizable architecture. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main 3D-printing technologies currently employed in the case of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), two of the most important classes of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters. Moreover, a short presentation of the main 3D-printing methods is briefly discussed. Both PLA and PHA, in the form of filaments or powder, proved to be suitable for the fabrication of artificial tissue or scaffolds for bone regeneration. The processability of PLA and PHB blends and composites fabricated through different 3D-printing techniques, their final characteristics and targeted applications in bioengineering are thoroughly reviewed.
Observer efficiency in discrimination tasks Simulating Malignant and benign breast lesions imaged with ultrasound (2006)

We investigate and extend the ideal observer methodology developed by Smith and Wagner to detection and discrimination tasks related to breast sonography. We provide a numerical approach for evaluating the ideal observer acting on radio frequency (RF) frame data, which involves inversion of large nonstationary covariance matrices, and we describe a power-series approach to computing this inverse. Considering a truncated power series suggests that the RF data be Wiener-filtered before forming the final envelope image. We have compared human performance for Wiener-filtered and conventional B-mode envelope images using psychophysical studies for 5 tasks related to breast cancer classification. We find significant improvements in visual detection and discrimination efficiency in four of these five tasks. We also use the Smith-Wagner approach to distinguish between human and processing inefficiencies, and find that generally the principle limitation comes from the information lost in computing the final envelope image.
Fluid–structure interaction models of the mitral valve: function in normal and pathological states (2007)

Successful mitral valve repair is dependent upon a full understanding of normal and abnormal mitral valve anatomy and function. Computational analysis is one such method that can be applied to simulate mitral valve function in order to analyse the roles of individual components and evaluate proposed surgical repair. We developed the first three-dimensional finite element computer model of the mitral valve including leaflets and chordae tendineae; however, one critical aspect that has been missing until the last few years was the evaluation of fluid flow, as coupled to the function of the mitral valve structure. We present here our latest results for normal function and specific pathological changes using a fluid-structure interaction model. Normal valve function was first assessed, followed by pathological material changes in collagen fibre volume fraction, fibre stiffness, fibre splay and isotropic stiffness. Leaflet and chordal stress and strain and papillary muscle force were determined. In addition, transmitral flow, time to leaflet closure and heart valve sound were assessed. Model predictions in the normal state agreed well with a wide range of available in vivo and in vitro data. Further, pathological material changes that preserved the anisotropy of the valve leaflets were found to preserve valve function. By contrast, material changes that altered the anisotropy of the valve were found to profoundly alter valve function. The addition of blood flow and an experimentally driven microstructural description of mitral tissue represent significant advances in computational studies of the mitral valve, which allow further insight to be gained. This work is another building block in the foundation of a computational framework to aid in the refinement and development of a truly non-invasive diagnostic evaluation of the mitral valve. Ultimately, it represents the basis for simulation of surgical repair of pathological valves in a clinical and educational setting.
Cumulative effects of heat exposure and storage conditions of Oxytocin-in-Uniject in rural Ghana: implications for scale up (2014)

The time to discard of devices was highly sensitive to small changes in temperature exposure. Under field conditions typical in rural Ghana, OIU packages will have a half-life of approximately 30 to 40 days based on the temperature monitor used during the study. Program managers will need to carefully consider variations in both ambient temperature and rate of use to allocate the appropriate supply level that will maximize coverage and minimize stock loss.
Complex Fluids Based on Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid (2010)

We present the preparation and characterization of viscoelastic formulations of hyaluronic acid functionalized with polymerizable methacrylate groups. We explored three different processing strategies for controlling microstructure and interchain interactions: lightly cross-linked near-gels, emulsion-cross-linked microspheres, and an elastic microgel formed through centrifuging the microspheres. The component structure and rheological properties of these formulations were compared to those of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid solutions, which displayed classical behavior of high molecular weight polymer solutions reported by other investigators. We demonstrate that these processing strategies allow the tuning of solution properties from strongly viscoelastic behavior, observed in lightly cross-linked near-gels and concentrated microsphere solutions to elastic behavior in elastic microgels, behaving like pseudoplastic liquids having a well-defined yield stress above which viscous behavior was observed. In the centrifuged microspheres, the hyaluronic acid degree of methacrylation was inversely proportional to the gel elasticity, and a mechanism based on failure due to microsphere brittleness is proposed to explain this behavior. These results suggest that processing methacrylated hyaluronic acid can lead to a diversity of solution properties, providing methods for delivering this biologically active polymer in a broad range of applications.