gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile Catalytic System for the Large-Scale and Controlled Synthesis of Single-Wall, Double-Wall, Multi-Wall, and Graphene Carbon Nanostructures (2009)

This work reports a low-cost production method of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and few-layer graphene sheets in large quantities through radio-frequency catalytic chemical vapor deposition (RF-cCVD). As the reaction temperature was varied over a range of 700−1000 °C, different types of high-quality carbon nanostructures were synthesized on a single Fe−Co/MgO catalytic system, while utilizing acetylene as the hydrocarbon source. The reaction efficiencies were found to be dependent on the morphological properties of the corresponding nanostructures and varied significantly with the synthesis temperature. Highly crystalline multi-wall, double-wall, and single-wall CNTs were obtained when the temperature was in the range of 700−950 °C, whereas large quantities of few-layer graphene sheets (1−5 layers) were synthesized at 1000 °C. The carbon nanostructures were characterized via several analytical techniques, such as electronic microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, etc. It was determined that the synthesis temperature had a strong influence, both on the catalyst system and on the type of the nanostructures synthesized. By utilizing the same catalytic system and varying only one reaction parameter, it may be possible to reduce the production cost of CNTs and graphene nanosheets significantly, so that they may be utilized in various advanced applications.
Kinetic Study of Propane CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming over Bimetallic Mo–Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst (2013)

The performance of Mo-doped Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for dry reforming of C3H8 has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor at 0.1 MPa and 923 K. H2 and CO formation rates as well as CO2 consumption rate all increased with C3H8 partial pressure attaining a maximum (at PC3H8 = 25 kPa) before the decline at higher values. The observed rate profiles implicated an optimal feed CO2:C3H8 ratio of about 3. However, both CH4 formation and C3H8 consumption rates increased monotonically with C3H8 partial pressure suggesting that the former was produced from the direct decomposition of the latter even under the relatively high CO2 partial pressure (60 kPa) used. The downturn in CO2 consumption rate at about 25 PC3H8 kPa is consistent with the reduction in catalyst activity under severe carbon deposition. Time-on-stream analysis over a 48-h period revealed that Mo–Ni is a stable and active catalyst for the propane dry reforming reaction. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurements showed that increased CO2 partial pressure decreased the carbon deposition significantly, while increased C3H8 partial pressure led to severe carbon deposition. A dual-site (acid or metal site for propane dissociative adsorption and CO2 chemisorption on a basic site) Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism for the reaction was also proposed.
Are SPACs effective? SPACs can be effective in increasing professional awareness and interest in branch activities, but branch officers have to maintain the momentum (1984)

The IEEE's goals in supporting Student Professional Awareness Conferences is to help the academic community address the ethical, social, and economic issues that affect the profession of engineering, thereby increasing professional awareness among electrical engineering students. Student Branches that sponsor SPACs have secondary, but also important, goals: to increase membership and participation in Branch activities and to improve campuswide awareness of the IEEE. To what extent is the SPAC program succeeding? After evaluating three SPACs held in the fall of 1983 at Vanderbilt University, Nashville; Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville; and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, we have concluded that SPACs can be very effective in meeting some of these goals, but only if a Branch is already dynamic and well organized.
Bacterial Sulfate Reduction Above 100°C in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Sediments (1992)

The currently known upper temperature limit for growth of organisms, shared by a number of archaebacteria, is 110 degrees C. However, among the sulfate-reducing bacteria, growth temperatures of greater than 100 degrees C have not been found. A search for high-temperature activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria was done in hot deep-sea sediments at the hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin tectonic spreading center in the Gulf of California. Radiotracer studies revealed that sulfate reduction can occur at temperatures up to 110 degrees C, with an optimum rate at 103 degrees to 106 degrees C. This observation expands the upper temperature limit of this process in deep-ocean sediments by 20 degrees C and indicates the existence of an unknown group of hyperthermophilic bacteria with a potential importance for the biogeochemistry of sulfur above 100 degrees C.
Change in body fat, but not body weight or metabolic correlates of obesity, is related to symptomatic relief of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis after a weight control program. (1998)

In a weight control program, decreasing body fat and increasing physical activity are more important than body weight loss or decreasing other indices of obesity in producing symptomatic relief of knee OA, although there is not necessarily a cause and effect relationship between body fat and OA score.
Plasmin-mediated proteolysis of casein in bovine milk. (1979)

Plasminogen was found to be present in bovine milk by crossreactivity between rabbit antiserum to plasminogen and casein prepared from milk by acid precipitation. This result was further supported by recovery of intact 125I-labeled plasminogen from rabbit milk after its intravenous injection. Freshly isolated whole bovine casein was observed to undergo slow autoproteolysis at 37 degrees C. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed gradual disappearance of major caseins accompanied by appearance and increase in intensity of numerous electrophoretic bands. This autoproteolysis was inhibited by low concentrations of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (0.1 mM) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (1 mM); catalytic amounts of urokinase accelerated the process. Autoproteolysis of isolated bovine beta-casein was shown by both urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis to result in formation of gamma 1- and gamma 2-caseins. Similar electrophoretic bands were formed when beta-casein was degraded by plasmin prepared from bovine blood serum. These results support the hypothesis that bovine plasmin occurs in milk and is identical to alkaline milk protease.
A dynamic subwavelength pitch grating modulator for continuous Time-Of-Flight ranging with optical mixing (2008)

Since continuous Time-Of-Flight ranging systems based on electrical mixing run into fundamental limits we designed an optical MEMS (de)modulator/mixer. With our dynamic (MHz range) subwavelength pitch diffraction grating we demonstrated TOF ranging with optical mixing.
Realizing the Quality of Service (QoS) in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based Cloud infrastructure (2014)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network paradigm that virtualizes network infrastructure by decoupling the control and data plane logic of traditional network devices, creating a dynamic, flexible, automated and manageable architecture. SDN is implemented through a protocol known as OpenFlow that lets administrators select the path through which data will flow through a network. Network-wide data flow control gives administrators the power to define network flows that match the connectivity requirements of end stations and address the specific needs of discrete user communities. For example, an administrator might select network bandwidth, path latency or other criteria as the optimal communication path for a specific data flow. We have implemented a system called QoS Controller, Q-Ctrl, for programmatically attaining users' required QoS constraints in a SDN based Cloud infrastructure. Q-Ctrl system is able to execute in a virtual overlay network via open vSwitch (OVS), physical network infrastructure equipped with SDN Controller, or simulated SDN environment via Mininet. In this paper, we detail i) the design and implementation of Q-Ctrl system, ii) how the network QoS for virtual machines are maintained through Q-Ctrl, and iii) a case-study on how a video streaming application leverages the Q-Ctrl system to achieve QoS in an SDN based Cloud infrastructure.
A New Test Rig for In-Vitro Evaluationof the Knee Joint Behaviour (2015)

The evaluation of the knee joint behavior is fundamental in many applications, such as joint modeling, prosthesis and orthosis design. In-vitro tests are important in order to analyse knee behavior when simulating various loading conditions and studying physiology of the joint. A new test rig for in-vitro evaluation of the knee joint behavior is presented in this paper. It represents the evolution of a previously proposed rig, designed to overcome its principal limitations and to improve its performances. The design procedure and the adopted solution in order to satisfy the specifications are presented here. Thanks to its 6-6 Gough-Stewart parallel manipulator loading system, the rig replicates general loading conditions, like daily actions or clinical tests, on the specimen in a wide range of flexion angles. The restraining actions of knee muscles can be simulated when active actions are simulated. The joint motion in response to the applied loads, guided by passive articular structures and muscles, is permitted by the characteristics of the loading system which is force controlled. The new test rig guarantees visibility so that motion can be measured by an optoelectronic system. Furthermore, the control system of the new test rig allows the estimation of the contribution of the principal leg muscles in guaranteeing the equilibrium of the joint by the system for muscle simulation. Accuracy in positioning is guaranteed by the designed tibia and femur fixation systems,which allow unmounting and remounting the specimen in the same pose. The test rig presented in this paper permits the analysis of the behavior of the knee joint and comparative analysis on the same specimen before and after surgery, in a way to assess the goodness of prostheses or surgical treatments.
Modelling land change scenarios in the gaza strip and impacts on the environmental elements (2017)

La investigación se centra en los métodos y técnicas utilizados para modelizar y analizar\nel incremento en el LUCC, como fenómeno especialmente complejo en la zona de\nestudio, la Franja de Gaza. Para modelar los distintos escenarios de cambio de usos de\nsuelo es imprescindible tener en cuenta las dimensiones físicas y socioeconómicas del\nLUCC y sus impactos sobre el medio ambiente.\nNuestro objetivo principal es encontrar un modelo y unas técnicas fácilmente aplicables\nque ayuden a los actores claves en Palestina a la toma de decisiones, ofreciéndoles\ndistintos escenarios que puedan ser útiles en la planificación futura de la Franja de Gaza. Dentro de este marco principal, los objetivos secundarios de este estudio son: Identificación y delineación de las distintas categorías de usos y coberturas del suelo utilizando datos obtenidos con la teledetección y las ortofotos rectificadas. Simulación, escenarios, modelación y previsión de LUCC en la Franja de Gaza. Generación de datos sobre los cambios que ya han ocurrido en la zona en varias\ncategorías de LUCC a lo largo de distintos períodos. Construcción de una base de datos basada en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para las zonas de estudio. Modelación y predicción de indicadores medioambientales como la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea a la contaminación y la salinidad del agua subterránea. Ayuda a los actores principales a tomar decisiones sobre la gestión del uso del suelo, la planificación urbana, la situación medioambiental y los escenarios futuros para la Franja de Gaza y sus ciudadanos.
Localized RNAi Therapeutics of Chemoresistant Grade IV Glioma Using Hyaluronan-Grafted Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (2015)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most infiltrating, aggressive, and poorly treated brain tumors. Progress in genomics and proteomics has paved the way for identifying potential therapeutic targets for treating GBM, yet the vast majority of these leading drug candidates for the treatment of GBM are ineffective, mainly due to restricted passages across the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles have been emerged as a promising platform to treat different types of tumors due to their ability to transport drugs to target sites while minimizing adverse effects. Herein, we devised a localized strategy to deliver RNA interference (RNAi) directly to the GBM site using hyaluronan (HA)-grafted lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs having an ionized lipid were previously shown to be highly effective in delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into various cell types. LNP's surface was functionalized with hyaluronan (HA), a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that specifically binds the CD44 receptor expressed on GBM cells. We found that HA-LNPs can successfully bind to GBM cell lines and primary neurosphers of GBM patients. HA-LNPs loaded with Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNAs (siPLK1) dramatically reduced the expression of PLK1 mRNA and cumulated in cell death even under shear flow that simulate the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid compared with control groups. Next, a human GBM U87MG orthotopic xenograft model was established by intracranial injection of U87MG cells into nude mice. Convection of Cy3-siRNA entrapped in HA-LNPs was performed, and specific Cy3 uptake was observed in U87MG cells. Moreover, convection of siPLK1 entrapped in HA-LNPs reduced mRNA levels by more than 80% and significantly prolonged survival of treated mice in the orthotopic model. Taken together, our results suggest that RNAi therapeutics could effectively be delivered in a localized manner with HA-coated LNPs and ultimately may become a therapeutic modality for GBM.
European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases: II. Comparison of outcomes and exposures – a GA<sup>2</sup>LEN initiative (2006)

This GA2LEN initiative established a unique common database of 18 European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. For selected cohorts, it seems that pooling data and performing common analyses may be possible to examine associations between certain exposure variables (e.g. pet ownership, tobacco smoke exposure and day-care) and selected outcome measures for atopy, asthma or allergic rhinitis (e.g. sensitization assessed by IgE or skin prick tests, doctor's diagnosis of asthma, parental perception regarding asthma/wheezing or hay fever symptoms).
Joint Beamforming Optimization and Power Control for Full-Duplex MIMO Two-Way Relay Channel (2014)

In this paper, we explore the use of full-duplex radio to improve the spectrum efficiency in a two-way relay channel where two sources exchange information through an multi-antenna relay, and all nodes work in the full-duplex mode. The full-duplex operation can reduce the overall communication to only one phase but suffers from the self-interference. Instead of purely suppressing the self-interference, we aim to maximize the end-to-end performance by jointly optimizing the beamforming matrix at the relay which uses the amplify-and-forward protocol as well as the power control at the sources. To be specific, we propose iterative algorithms and 1-D search to solve two problems: finding the achievable rate region and maximizing the sum rate. At each iteration, either the analytical solution or convex formulation is obtained. We compare the proposed full-duplex two-way relaying with the conventional half-duplex two-way relaying, a full-duplex one-way relaying and a performance upper bound. Numerical results show that the proposed full-duplex scheme significantly improves the achievable data rates over the conventional scheme.
Novel Power Efficient Optical OFDM Based on Hartley Transform for Intensity-Modulated Direct-Detection Systems (2010)

We present a novel optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) scheme, suitable for intensity-modulated direct-detection systems, where the modulation/demodulation processing takes advantage of the fast Hartley transform algorithm. Due to the properties of the discrete Hartley transform (DHT), the conventional transmission scheme can be streamlined. We demonstrate that asymmetrically clipping (AC) technique can also be applied to DHT-based OFDM; the signal can be transmitted without the need of a DC bias, resulting in a power-efficient system, not affected by clipping noise. Hermitian symmetry is not required for the input signal. Therefore, this technique supports the double of input symbols compared to both AC and DC-biased O-OFDM, based on standard Fourier processing. The analysis in an additive white Gaussian noise channel shows that the same performance can be achieved by replacing 4, 16, and 64 QAM (quadrature-amplitude modulation) AC optical-OFDM with a simpler system based on DHT, using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), 4 and 8 PAM (pulse-amplitude modulation), respectively.
Transient and alternating current conductivity of nanocrystalline porous alumina thin films on silicon, with embedded silicon nanocrystals (2004)

Structural characterization and surface topography of porous alumina thin films on silicon with embedded silicon nanocrystals were performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The nature of porous alumina thin films is nanocrystalline with a high density of uniformly distributed silicon nanocrystals. The pores were randomly distributed with an average size of 35 nm. ac impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed at room temperature, from 0.05 up to 3.0 V in the range of 1–105 Hz for both porous alumina thin films with and without embedded silicon nanocrystals. Transient current measurements were also performed from 0.5 up to 50.0 V in the time interval 1–100 s both in forward and reverse bias conditions. The electrical conduction is dominated by the porous alumina matrix and there is no evidence of participation of the contacts to the electrical properties of the thin films. ac conductivity results follow the dielectric universal response through the whole frequency range of investigation. The real part of the specific electrical conductivity σ′ is voltage independent, in the samples studied, implying the presence of a conduction mechanism. The analysis of the experimental data reveals that the conductivity is governed by two different conduction mechanisms regardless of bias conditions, forward or reverse. In the low applied voltage region the conduction is due to thermally excited electrons, hopping from one state to another. This conduction mechanism is ohmic. For higher voltages the electrical conduction is space charge limited.
Some Three-Ring Esters Containing aFive-Membered Heteroaromatic Ring. A Comparison of Liquid Crystal Properties (1989)

Abstract Ninety compounds, over seventy of which are members of a number of homologous series of three-ring esters containing a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, have been synthesized in order to establishhow a change in the position of the heterocyclic ring influences liquid crystal behavior when comparedwith corresponding all-benzenoid esters. The liquid crystal properties of these esters, which showconsiderable variation, are discussed. One group of compounds shows unusual phase behavior, involvingan unidentified (smectic?) phase and photomicrographs of optical textures of this phase are included.
Critical Function for ADAM9 in Mouse Prostate Cancer (2005)

ADAM9 is a membrane-anchored metalloprotease that is markedly up-regulated in several human carcinomas. Here, we show that ADAM9 is similarly up-regulated in mouse models for prostate, breast, and intestinal carcinoma. To assess whether ADAM9 is critical for the pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma, one of the most common cancers in men, we evaluated how loss of ADAM9 affects tumorigenesis in W(10) mice, a mouse model for this disease. In the absence of ADAM9, most tumors in 50-week-old W(10) mice were well differentiated, whereas littermate controls expressing wild-type ADAM9 had predominantly poorly differentiated, and in some cases significantly larger, tumors. Moreover, gain-of-function experiments in which ADAM9 was overexpressed in mouse prostate epithelium resulted in significant abnormalities, including epithelial hyperplasia at 4 to 6 months of age, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia after 1 year. A potential underlying mechanism for the role of ADAM9 in prostate cancer emerged from cell-based assays: ADAM9 can cleave and release epidermal growth factor and FGFR2iiib from cells, both of which have pivotal functions in the pathogenesis of this disease. Taken together, these results suggest that ADAM9 contributes to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and potentially also other carcinomas, raising the possibility that ADAM9 might be a good target for antitumor drugs.
Manifold locally linear denoising for WI-FI RSS based indoor positioning (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of locating the indoor objects with the help of the received Wi-Fi signal strength fingerprints. Many Wi-Fi RSS based positioning techniques have been developed recently for indoor positioning purposes, but the positioning accuracy faces various challenges, including the high noise to signal ratio. In this paper, we consider two typical elements affecting the positioning performance: the slow attenuation of the signal strength, and the large measurement noise. We propose a novel approach to locate a target object in a given area by introducing a denoising algorithm based on the local linearity of the signal-location manifolds. This is implemented with a fixed set of linearization weights determined not by the signal values but by the relationships of the locations of the fingerprint samples. We also explore the relations among the prediction error and the manifold curvature, the number of APs used for positioning, and the signal noise level, characterizing the quality of the nearest point estimation with the signal measurement errors. A simple algorithm is presented to locate the target using the k-nearest neighbors in the signal space. Simulations in various settings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Chemical reaction fouling model for single-phase heat transfer (1993)

A fouling model was developed on the premise that the chemical reaction for generation of precursor can take place in the bulk fluid, in the thermalboundary layer, or at the fluid/wall interface, depending upon the interactive effects of flu id dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and the controlling chemical reaction. The analysis was used to examine the experimental data for fouling deposition of polyperoxides produced by autoxidation of indene in kerosene. The effects of fluid and wall temperatures for two flow geometries were analyzed. The results showed that the relative effects of physical parameters on the fouling rate would differ for the three fouling mechanisms; therefore, it is important to identify the controlling mechanism in applying the closed-flow-loop data to industrial conditions.