gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Marker for Mosaic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans Indicates a Fusion Between hyp6 and hyp7, Two Major Components of the Hypodermis (1998)

A fusion of the sur-5 protein to the green fluorescent protein containing a nuclear localization signal is demonstrated as a marker for genetic mosaic analysis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Because of an extensive accumulation of bright fluorescence in many nuclei, normal growth plates, each containing hundreds of worms, can be rapidly screened with a dissecting microscope for rare mosaic individuals. As the marker can also be used to detect transgenic worms, the construction of strains for mosaic analyses can be minimized. In the course of examining rare mosaic animals, an unexpected pattern of fluorescence was noticed for hyp6, a syncytial component of the hypodermis, which indicated that the marker may serve as a means of assessing cellular fusions during development. Immunofluorescent staining of adherens junctions confirmed a postembryonic fusion of hyp6 with hyp7, the major syncytium of the hypodermis.
Influence of Sulfur Nutrition on Developmental Patterns of Some Major Pea Seed Proteins and Their mRNAs (1984)

In addition to the marked reduction in legumin synthesis and legumin mRNA levels reported earlier (Chandler, Higgins, Randall, Spencer 1983 Plant Physiol 71: 47-54), pulse labeling of S-deficient Pisum sativum L. seeds showed that a high relative level of total vicilin (vicilin plus convicilin) synthesis was maintained throughout the entire phase of protein accumulation, whereas in nondeficient seeds vicilin synthesis is largely confined to the first half of this phase. Fractionation of pulse-labeled proteins on Na-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed that the synthesis of the M(r) 50,000 family of vicilin polypeptides was increased and greatly extended in S-deficient seeds whereas that of convicilin was slightly reduced. Other changes apparent from pulse-labeling experiments include a depression, to different degrees, in the synthesis of three major albumin polypeptides.The level of the mRNAs for seven major seed proteins was followed throughout development of control and sulfur-deficient seeds. In all cases, the changes in each mRNA closely reflected the pattern of synthesis of its corresponding polypeptide seen by pulse labeling. S-deficient seeds showed an elevated level of M(r) 50,000 vicilin mRNA which remained high throughout seed formation, whereas legumin mRNA levels were greatly reduced at all stages of development.When S-deficient plants were given an adequate supply of sulfate midway through seed development, there was a shift toward the protein synthesis profile characteristic of healthy plants. The synthesis of legumin and two albumins rapidly increased and the synthesis of M(r) 50,000 vicilin declined more slowly. Similar responses were seen in detached, S-deficient seeds supplied directly with adequate sulfate.
VRML-based WWW interface to <i>MPI Video</i> (1995)

The Virtual Reality Modeling Language, VRML, is fast becoming a de facto standard for representation, interaction with, and exchange of three dimensional scenes. The purpose of this paper is threefold: First, we want to emphasize the role of multiple perspective video streams in automatic creation of dynamic three dimensional scenes and in automatic creation of hypermedia markups on objects in the scene. Second, we want to present VRML as a interaction metaphor for interactive television and video systems. The three-dimensional nature of the VRML representation allows a user the ability to view the real scene from virtually any one of an infinite number of viewpoints. The ability to markup arbitrary three dimensional objects allows the user to interact with the real world and query about parts of it. Thirdly, we want to drive the future VRML specification and development towards onthe-fly updating of three dimensional models, a mode that will be amenable to our approach: modeling the 3D world as a combination of a detailed static world, and the changes computed from per-frame integration of motion information from video data.
Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Toxicity of Amyloid Beta (A<i>β</i>), Mechanisms of Its Accumulation and Implications of Medicinal Plants for Therapy (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory deficits and death. While the number of individuals with AD is rising each year due to the longer life expectancy worldwide, current therapy can only somewhat relieve the symptoms of AD. There is no proven medication to cure or prevent the disease, possibly due to a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Most previous studies have accepted the "amyloid hypothesis," in which the neuropathogenesis of AD is believed to be triggered by the accumulation of the toxic amyloid beta (A β ) protein in the central nervous system (CNS). Lately, knowledge that may be critical to unraveling the hidden pathogenic pathway of AD has been revealed. This review concentrates on the toxicity of A β and the mechanism of accumulation of this toxic protein in the brain of individuals with AD and also summarizes recent advances in the study of these accumulation mechanisms together with the role of herbal medicines that could facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence (2016)

Geofences are virtual boundaries based on geographic coordinates. When combined with global position system (GPS), or more generally global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitters, geofences provide a powerful tool for monitoring the location and movements of objects of interest through proximity alarms. However, the accuracy of geofence alarms in GNSS-radio frequency (GNSS-RF) transmitter receiver systems has not been tested. To achieve these goals, a cart with a GNSS-RF locator was run on a straight path in a balanced factorial experiment with three levels of cart speed, three angles of geofence intersection, three receiver distances from the track, and three replicates. Locator speed, receiver distance and geofence intersection angle all affected geofence alarm accuracy in an analysis of variance (p = 0.013, p = 2.58 × 10(-8), and p = 0.0006, respectively), as did all treatment interactions (p < 0.0001). Slower locator speed, acute geofence intersection angle, and closest receiver distance were associated with reduced accuracy of geofence alerts.
Constrained online resource control using convex programming based allocation (2009)

A resource allocation algorithm aimed at embedded multi-media systems is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on computational efficiency, suitability for fixed point im-plementation and being able to solve the allocation at run-time when parameters or dynamics change. The algorithm is derived from classic convex optimization theory and the resulting real time properties are studied in simulations. 1.
Interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell and the effect of front surface passivation (2007)

This letter reports interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells which combine the performance benefits of both back contact and heterojunction technologies while reducing their limitations. Low temperature (&lt;200°C) deposited p- and n-type amorphous silicon used to form interdigitated heteroemitter and contacts in the rear preserves substrate lifetime while minimizes optical losses in the front. The IBC-SHJ structure is ideal for diagnosing surface passivation quality, which is analyzed and measured by internal quantum efficiency and minority carrier lifetime measurements. Initial cells have independently confirmed efficiency of 11.8% under AM1.5 illumination. Simulations indicate efficiencies greater than 20% after optimization.
Reactions in the diethyl peroxide–nitric oxide system. Part III. The pressure dependence of the combination of ethoxyl radicals with nitric oxide (1966)

The combination of ethoxyl radicals with nitric oxide has been studied at low pressures in a flow system at 200°, in comparison with the hydrogen abstraction reaction forming nitroxyl and acetaldehyde. The combination reaction is in the transition zone between second- and third-order at effective total reactor pressures of 0·08–1·6 mm. of diethyl peroxide as third body. The results can be explained on a simple energy-transfer basis. The third-order rate constant is 3 × 1018 mole–2 cm.6 sec.–1, the “half-rate pressure” 0·2 mm., and the lifetime of the energised ethyl nitrite molecule 5 × 10–7 sec. The efficiencies of nitric oxide and neopentane in energy transfer are about 0·05 and 0·6, respectively, relative to diethyl peroxide.
A compact digital recording system for autonomous bioacoustic monitoring (2000)

A digital recording system with several months’ endurance was designed to monitor biological sounds. The system combined off-the-shelf components (microcontrollers, notebook hard drives) with an IDE interface designed for this purpose. The present storage capacity of the system is 25 Gbytes, with a maximum sampling rate of 50 kHz at a resolution of 12 bits. Power consumption during typical long-term continuous recording averages 250–500 milliwatts, and its physical dimensions are approximately 3×7×10 cm, including the hard drive. Hardware and software support for GPS clock synchronization enables correction of clock drift in the system, as well as precise synchronization of multiple units in an array. This unit has been extensively utilized in bottom-moored recording buoys, called ‘‘popups.’’ Popups include an acoustic communication system that receives and acknowledges commands from a surface support vessel, and an electronically controlled galvanic release. Everything is housed in a single 17-in. glass pressure housing. More recently, these systems have been used to monitor low-frequency terrestrial signals in studies of forest and savannah elephant populations. An upcoming project will drift these systems over inaccessible habitats using helium balloons.
The ECAT HRRT: performance and first clinical application of the new high resolution research tomograph (2002)

The ECAT HRRT is a three-dimensional (3-D) only dedicated brain tomograph employing the new scintillator lutetium-oxy-orthosilicate (LSO) and using depth of interaction (DOI) information to achieve uniform isotropic resolution across a 20-cm diameter volume. With its unique technological innovations it represents the prototype of a new generation of high-resolution brain tomographs. The physical performance with respect to count rate, live time, scatter, sensitivity, and resolution was evaluated with phantom studies and measurements with a point source. The HRRTs imaging performance was tested with phantoms and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scans performed in animal and human brains. We find that due to the significantly improved resolution and the large solid angle covered by the panel detectors, several issues that have been adequately solved for older generation scanners demand new attention for the HRRT, like acquiring and handling large amounts of data effectively, strategies for optimal reconstruction, shielding, and correction of random coincidences.
Handling irreducible loops (2002)

This paper addresses the question of how to handle irreducible regions during optimization, which has become even more relevant for contemporary processors since recent VLIW-like architectures highly rely on instruction scheduling. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, a method of optimized node splitting to transform irreducible regions of control flow into reducible regions is formally defined and its correctness is shown. This method is superior to approaches previously published since it reduces the number of replicated nodes by comparison. Second, three methods that handle regions of irreducible control flow are evaluated with respect to their impact on compiler optimizations. First, traditional node splitting is evaluated. Second, optimized node splitting is implemented. Third, DJ-Graphs are utilized to recognize nesting of irreducible (and reducible) loops and apply common loop optimizations extended for irreducible loops. Experiments compare the performance of these approaches with unrecognized irreducible loops that cannot be subject to loop optimizations, which is typical for contemporary compilers. Measurements show improvements of 1 to 40% for these methods of handling irreducible loops over the unoptimized case. Optimized node splitting may be chosen to retrofit existing compilers since it has the advantage that it only requires few changes to an optimizing compiler while limiting the code growth of compiled programs compared to traditional node splitting. Recognizing loops via DJ-Graphs should be chosen for new compiler developments since it requires more changes to the optimizer but does not significantly change the code size of compiled programs while yielding comparable improvements. Handling irreducible loops should even yield more benefits for exploiting instruction-level parallelism of modern architectures in the context of global instruction scheduling and optimization techniques that may introduce irreducible loops, such as enhanced modulo scheduling.
Viral protein R of HIV‐1 (1999)

Viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV-1 belongs to a class of so called ‘accessory’ proteins, originally thought to be dispensable for virus replication, at least in vitro. Indeed, viruses with mutated or deleted Vpr replicate well in transformed T cell lines. However, recently published results reveal several important functions performed by Vpr, which are critical for HIV-1 replication in vivo. Vpr plays an important role in regulating nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex, and is required for virus replication in non-dividing cells. Vpr also induces cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells, stimulates virus transcription, and regulates activation and apoptosis of infected cells. These diverse functions are mediated by the interaction of Vpr with different cellular proteins, many of which carry the WxxF amino acid motif. The molecular events underlying the activity of Vpr are reviewed in this article. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c-Rel is required for the development of thymic Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (2009)

During thymopoiesis, a unique program of gene expression promotes the development of CD4 regulatory T (T reg) cells. Although Foxp3 maintains a pattern of gene expression necessary for T reg cell function, other transcription factors are emerging as important determinants of T reg cell development. We show that the NF-kappaB transcription factor c-Rel is highly expressed in thymic T reg cells and that in c-rel(-/-) mice, thymic T reg cell numbers are markedly reduced as a result of a T cell-intrinsic defect that is manifest during thymocyte development. Although c-Rel is not essential for TGF-beta conversion of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells into CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells, it is required for optimal homeostatic expansion of peripheral T reg cells. Despite a lower number of peripheral T reg cells in c-rel(-/-) mice, the residual peripheral c-rel(-/-) T reg cells express normal levels of Foxp3, display a pattern of cell surface markers and gene expression similar to those of wild-type T reg cells, and effectively suppress effector T cell function in culture and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that c-Rel is important for both the thymic development and peripheral homeostatic proliferation of T reg cells.
Geodesic active contours and level sets for the detection and tracking of moving objects (2000)

This paper presents a new variational framework for detecting and tracking multiple moving objects in image sequences. Motion detection is performed using a statistical framework for which the observed interframe difference density function is approximated using a mixture model. This model is composed of two components, namely, the static (background) and the mobile (moving objects) one. Both components are zero-mean and obey Laplacian or Gaussian law. This statistical framework is used to provide the motion detection boundaries. Additionally, the original frame is used to provide the moving object boundaries. Then, the detection and the tracking problem are addressed in a common framework that employs a geodesic active contour objective function. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method. A new approach named Hermes is proposed, which exploits aspects from the well-known front propagation algorithms and compares favorably to them. Very promising experimental results are provided using real video sequences.
Learning random walks to rank nodes in graphs (2007)

Ranking nodes in graphs is of much recent interest. Edges, via the graph Laplacian, are used to encourage local smoothness of node scores in SVM-like formulations with generalization guarantees. In contrast, Page-rank variants are based on Markovian random walks. For directed graphs, there is no simple known correspondence between these views of scoring/ranking. Recent scalable algorithms for learning the Pagerank transition probabilities do not have generalization guarantees. In this paper we show some correspondence results between the Laplacian and the Pagerank approaches, and give new generalization guarantees for the latter. We enhance the Pagerank-learning approaches to use an additive margin. We also propose a general framework for rank-sensitive score-learning, and apply it to Laplacian smoothing. Experimental results are promising.
Narrow-Band Organic Photodiodes for High-Resolution Imaging (2016)

There are growing opportunities and demands for image sensors that produce higher-resolution images, even in low-light conditions. Increasing the light input areas through 3D architecture within the same pixel size can be an effective solution to address this issue. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) that possess wavelength selectivity can allow for advancements in this regard. Here, we report on novel push-pull D-π-A dyes specially designed for Gaussian-shaped, narrow-band absorption and the high photoelectric conversion. These p-type organic dyes work both as a color filter and as a source of photocurrents with linear and fast light responses, high sensitivity, and excellent stability, when combined with C60 to form bulk heterojunctions (BHJs). The effectiveness of the OPD composed of the active color filter was demonstrated by obtaining a full-color image using a camera that contained an organic/Si hybrid complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) color image sensor.
F.E.T. mixer with the drain l.o. injection (1976)

Performance of a 6/4 GHz frequency convertor showed conversion gains up to 4.7 dB with 3.9 dB noise figure. On cooling to 200 K, a gain increase of 2.4 dB and a noise-figure decrease of 1.8 dB were measured.
Presenilin-1 mutation (E280G), spastic paraparesis, and cranial MRI white-matter abnormalities (2002)

The authors report unusual presentations of members of an Irish family with familial AD due to an E280G mutation in exon 8 of presenilin-1. One had spastic paraparesis and white matter abnormalities on cranial MRI. A sibling had an internuclear ophthalmoplegia, spastic-ataxic quadriparesis, and "cotton-wool plaques" with amyloid angiopathy on brain biopsy. Another affected sibling also had MRI white matter abnormalities. The MRI findings may reflect an ischemic leukoencephalopathy due to amyloid angiopathy affecting meningocortical vessels.
Stochastic predictive control based motion planning for lane change decision using a Vehicle Traffic Simulator (2016)

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a model predictive control algorithm for automated driving on a motorway using a Vehicle Traffic Simulator. For the development of a highly automated driving control algorithm, motion planning is necessary to satisfy driving condition in various road traffic situations. There are two key issues in motion planning of automated driving vehicles. One of the key issues is how to handle potentially dangerous situations that could occur in order to guarantee the safety of vehicles. The second key issue is how to guarantee the robustness of the controller under model uncertainties and external disturbances. To improve safety with respect to the future behaviors of subject vehicles, not the current states but rather the predicted behaviors of surrounding vehicles should be considered. The desired driving mode and a safe driving envelope are determined based on the probabilistic prediction of surrounding vehicles behaviors over a finite prediction horizon. To obtain the desired steering angle and longitudinal acceleration for maintaining the subject vehicle in the safe driving envelope during a finite prediction horizon, a motion planning controller is designed based on an MPC approach. The developed control algorithm has been successfully implemented on a vehicle ECU. The proposed control algorithm has been evaluated on a real-time vehicle traffic simulator. The throttle, brake, and steering control inputs and the controlled vehicle behavior have been compared to those of manual driving.
Polysulfide Liquid Polymers (1951)

Abstract Polysulfide liquid polymers are a comparatively recent development conceived at the Thiokol Laboratories in 1943. The development was initiated by the problem of finding methods to reduce the molecular weight of a polysulfide rubber which was too tough to process on conventional rubber milling equipment. The problem was solved by reduction of a few of the disulfide links present in the polymer chain. It was soon found that the method was applicable to the preparation of polymers low enough in molecular weight to be liquids. The method produces dithiols of high purity which are extremely active in a wide variety of chemical reactions. Some formulations have been developed which depend on conversion from the liquid to rubber state at temperatures as low as 50° F in about 30 minutes. Most of the converting agents function through oxidation with hydrogen removal from the thiol and a linkage of sulfurs to reform the disulfide group. The converted polymers have the general properties of polysulfide polymers: good solvent resistance to a wide range of solvents, low diffusion rate of gases, good resistance to oxidation, ozone, and weathering, and a service temperature range from −65° to +250° F. (Some compounds can withstand intermittent temperatures as high as +350° F.) The low temperature properties are inherent in the polymer and do not depend on special compounding techniques.
Nitration (1996)

Although many chemists and chemical engineers consider nitration processes as mature, if not ancient, considerable new information has been obtained in the last 10-15 years that clarifies the chemistry and indicates methods to obtain previously unattainable or hard to attain nitration products. New and improved nitration processes have also been developed that minimize production costs and promise reduced safety hazards. Even more information pertaining to the nitrations can be expected in the near future.