gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact ionization coefficients and critical electric field in GaN (2021)

Avalanche multiplication characteristics in a reverse-biased homoepitaxial GaN p–n junction diode are experimentally investigated at 223–373 K by novel photomultiplication measurements utilizing above- and below-bandgap illumination. The device has a non-punch-through one-side abrupt p–-n+ junction structure, in which the depletion layer mainly extends to the p-type region. For above-bandgap illumination, the light is absorbed at the surface p+-layer, and the generated electrons diffuse and reach the depletion layer, resulting in an electron-injected photocurrent. On the other hand, for below-bandgap illumination, the light penetrates a GaN layer and is absorbed owing to the Franz–Keldysh effect in the high electric field region (near the p–n junction interface), resulting in a hole-induced photocurrent. The theoretical (non-multiplicated) photocurrents are calculated elaborately, and the electron- and hole-initiated multiplication factors are extracted as ratios of the experimental data to the calculated values. Through the mathematical analyses of the multiplication factors, the temperature dependences of the impact ionization coefficients of electrons and holes in GaN are extracted and formulated by the Okuto–Crowell model. The ideal breakdown voltage and the critical electric field for GaN p–n junctions of varying doping concentration are simulated using the obtained impact ionization coefficients, and their temperature dependence and conduction-type dependence were discussed. The simulated breakdown characteristics show good agreement with data reported previously, suggesting the high accuracy of the impact ionization coefficients obtained in this study.
Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease): Expert recommendations for early detection and laboratory diagnosis (2016)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders. NCLs include the rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease, caused by mutations in the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1)/CLN2 gene and the resulting TPP1 enzyme deficiency. CLN2 disease most commonly presents with seizures and/or ataxia in the late-infantile period (ages 2-4), often in combination with a history of language delay, followed by progressive childhood dementia, motor and visual deterioration, and early death. Atypical phenotypes are characterized by later onset and, in some instances, longer life expectancies. Early diagnosis is important to optimize clinical care and improve outcomes; however, currently, delays in diagnosis are common due to low disease awareness, nonspecific clinical presentation, and limited access to diagnostic testing in some regions. In May 2015, international experts met to recommend best laboratory practices for early diagnosis of CLN2 disease. When clinical signs suggest an NCL, TPP1 enzyme activity should be among the first tests performed (together with the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase enzyme activity assay to rule out CLN1 disease). However, reaching an initial suspicion of an NCL or CLN2 disease can be challenging; thus, use of an epilepsy gene panel for investigation of unexplained seizures in the late-infantile/childhood ages is encouraged. To confirm clinical suspicion of CLN2 disease, the recommended gold standard for laboratory diagnosis is demonstration of deficient TPP1 enzyme activity (in leukocytes, fibroblasts, or dried blood spots) and the identification of causative mutations in each allele of the TPP1/CLN2 gene. When it is not possible to perform both analyses, either demonstration of a) deficient TPP1 enzyme activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts, or b) detection of two pathogenic mutations in trans is diagnostic for CLN2 disease.
Injection-molded PZT actuators (1998)

Ceramics injection molding technology is being adapted for the fabrication of net shape piezoelectric actuators of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead magnesium niobate (PMN). INjection molding offers low cost, high quality actuator components with a high degree of part-of-part reproducibility. Configurations under investigation include a proprietary high displacement linear element, air acoustic actuators, tube array actuators, benders, and various multilayer designs. Applications include conformable unidirectional patches for active noise and vibration control, high displacement bender actuators for active vortex generators and synthetic jets, high force-high displacement actuators for rotorblade flaps, and air acoustic actuators for active noise reduction.
Local and Systemic Reactions Occurring During Immunotherapy: An Epidemiological Evaluation and a Prospective Safety-Monitoring Study (2008)

The efficacy of specific immunotherapy in allergic patients with IgE-mediated rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma and allergic reaction for stinging insects suggests the opportunity of improving technical procedures to minimize risk and optimise the safety of immunotherapy. This study investigated both local and systemic reactions, occurring in a population of 218 patients undergoing immunotherapy, in an attempt to correlate them with some parameters as well as age, sex and allergenic extracts. The epidemiological evaluation was based on the administration of a questionnaire to 218 patients in order to assess possible reactions to immunotherapy. The following data were evaluated: personal data, diagnosis, specific allergens, adverse reactions undergone during treatment, number of reactions and symptoms. The patients were followed-up by the medical staff of the Section of Allergological and Immunological Disease (SAID), University of Bari (Bari-Italy) for compilation of questionnaires. We found a correlation between female sex and adverse reactions. Among 107 patients referring reactions to the immunotherapy, 71 patients (66.3%) presented only local reactions; 11 patients (10.3%) systemic reactions and 25 patients (23.4%) systemic reactions associated with local reactions. Parietaria was mostly involved in patients with local reactions, instead, in patients with systemic reactions the prevalent allergens seem to be Dermatophagoides and grass-pollen. Rhinitis was the most frequent diagnosis for patients who have presented both local and systemic reactions. In our study, we had frequently mild systemic reactions and some cases of respiratory difficulties, while it is evident that in our group of patients no cases of anaphylaxis occurred. In addition, we considered some events before the administration of immunotherapy, such as assumption of drugs, meals, exposure to sun, stress or physical activity and the percentage of adverse reactions. On the light of a small number of fatality, immunotherapy represents a safer therapy for allergic diseases; nevertheless, our data suggest that safety is strictly correlated with prescriptions by specialists, administration by trained physicians and accurate follow-up of patients. In particular it is recommended to avoid some events before the administration of immunotherapy, above all the assumption of drugs and physical exercise.
Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading (1997)

Watching a speaker's lips during face-to-face conversation (lipreading) markedly improves speech perception, particularly in noisy conditions. With functional magnetic resonance imaging it was found that these linguistic visual cues are sufficient to activate auditory cortex in normal hearing individuals in the absence of auditory speech sounds. Two further experiments suggest that these auditory cortical areas are not engaged when an individual is viewing nonlinguistic facial movements but appear to be activated by silent meaningless speechlike movements (pseudospeech). This supports psycholinguistic evidence that seen speech influences the perception of heard speech at a prelexical stage.
Mycothiol-Deficient <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> Mutants Are Hypersensitive to Alkylating Agents, Free Radicals, and Antibiotics (2002)

Mycothiol (MSH; 1D-myo-inosityl 2-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]amido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) is the major low-molecular-weight thiol produced by mycobacteria. Mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 deficient in MSH production were produced by chemical mutagenesis as well as by transposon mutagenesis. One chemical mutant (mutant I64) and two transposon mutants (mutants Tn1 and Tn2) stably deficient in MSH production were isolated by screening for reduced levels of MSH content. The MSH contents of transposon mutants Tn1 and Tn2 were found to be less than 0.1% that of the parent strain, and the MSH content of I64 was found to be 1 to 5% that of the parent strain. All three strains accumulated 1D-myo-inosityl 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside to levels 20- to 25-fold the level found in the parent strain. The cysteine:1D-myo-inosityl 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase (MshC) activities of the three mutant strains were < or =2% that of the parent strain. Phenotypic analysis revealed that these MSH-deficient mutants possess increased susceptibilities to free radicals and alkylating agents and to a wide range of antibiotics including erythromycin, azithromycin, vancomycin, penicillin G, rifamycin, and rifampin. Conversely, the mutants possess at least 200-fold higher levels of resistance to isoniazid than the wild type. We mapped the mutation in the chemical mutant by sequencing the mshC gene and showed that a single amino acid substitution (L205P) is responsible for reduced MSH production and its associated phenotype. Our results demonstrate that there is a direct correlation between MSH depletion and enhanced sensitivity to toxins and antibiotics.
Interleukin-6 gene expression in Castleman's disease (1991)

Defined by histological criteria, Castleman's disease (CD) is a clinically and histologically heterogeneous syndrome. The functional status of immune cells in affected tissues may vary between the different forms of the disease. To address this question, the expression of cytokine genes in eight CD lymph nodes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Two lymph nodes were taken from patients with a localized form of the disease associated with systemic manifestations, two from patients with a localized form without systemic symptoms, and four from patients with a multicentric form. Five lymph nodes exhibiting a benign follicular hyperplasia were used as controls. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene was expressed at a very high level in two cases: the two localized forms of CD associated with systemic manifestations. IL-6 gene overexpression occurred inside follicles of these lymph nodes. The morphology of follicular cells hybridizing with the IL-6 probe or labeled with an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody suggested that follicular dendritic cells expressed the IL-6 gene. In contrast, no IL-6 gene expression was detected inside follicles of the six other CD lymph nodes or of the five control lymph nodes. In interfollicular areas, IL-6 gene-expressing cells were detected in all lymph nodes by both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In CD lymph nodes, positive cells were located outside sinuses, in close contact with blood vessels and plasma cells. This distribution was clearly different from that observed in control lymph nodes, in which IL-6 gene-expressing cells were present inside sinuses. A similar difference between CD and control lymph nodes was observed for the distribution of IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha gene-expressing cells in interfollicular areas. The morphology of interfollicular IL-6-producing cells was heterogeneous, consistent with that of macrophages, interdigitating cells, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, and different from that of plasma cells. Taken together these results show that CD is consistently associated with a particular pattern of IL-6 gene expression in interfollicular areas whereas elevated IL-6 gene expression inside follicles only occurs in the localized form of the disease associated with systemic manifestations. The variable pattern of IL-6 gene expression as well as the clinical and histologic heterogeneity of CD indicate that different immune mechanisms may be involved in the different forms of this disease.
Primary Stenting of Totally Occluded Native Coronary Arteries II (PRISON II) (2006)

In patients with total coronary occlusions, use of the sirolimus-eluting stents are superior to the bare metal stents with significant reduction in angiographic binary restenosis, resulting in significantly less need for target lesion and target vessel revascularization.
Transparency through Structural Disorder: A New Concept for Innovative Transparent Ceramics (2014)

Transparent polycrystalline ceramics present significant economical and functional advantages over single crystal materials for optical, communication, and laser technologies. To date, transparency in these ceramics is ensured either by an optical isotropy (i.e., cubic symmetry) or a nanometric crystallite size, and the main challenge remains to eliminate porosity through complex high pressure–high temperature synthesis. Here we introduce a new concept to achieve ultimate transparency reaching the theoretical limit. We use a controlled degree of chemical disorder in the structure to obtain optical isotropy at the micrometer length scale. This approach can be applied in the case of anisotropic structures and micrometer scale crystal size ceramics. We thus report Sr1+x/2Al2+xSi2–xO8 (0 < x ≤ 0.4) readily scalable polycrystalline ceramics elaborated by full and congruent crystallization from glass. These materials reach 90% transmittance. This innovative method should drive the development of new highly transparent materials with technologically relevant applications.
The New York Times ad. (1994)

Feminization of patriarchal institutions is necessary in order to eliminate the exclusivity and mutuality of hierarchical, gender, class, and race stratification. The aim of this paper is to explain the history and activities surrounding the New York Times ad on Sunday, October 7, 1984 (the Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion signed by Barbara Ferraro and Patricia Hussey of the Sisters of Note Dame de Namur, Rose Dominic Trapasso of the Maryknoll Sisters, and 67 other signers). The significance of this ad for Roman Catholic feminists and suggestions for new models of relationships between feminists is given. The Statement was written by Daniel Maguire and Frances Kissling and reviewed by 20 Roman Catholic ethicists. A sponsoring committee of early signers sought other support. Catholics for a Free Choice sponsored the funding for circulation of the Statement among professional societies, but not necessarily canonical communities. Publication of the entire statement in the Times was at the height of the presidential campaign. Conservative Bishops Bernard Law of Boston and John O'Connor of Boston publicly denounced Ferraro's position. The first institutional church response came on November 14, 1984, and stated that the Statement was personal opinion and contradictory to clear and constant church teachings about abortion. On November 30, 1984, Cardinal Jean Jerome Hamer of the Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes responded to most presidents of canonical communities to request a public retraction from signers under threat of dismissal. The issue was obedience to the church. Several members of the canonical community and priests published retractions; negotiations with the Vatican began. Freedom of conscience and empowerment of canonical communities, as agents of their own lives, were given as reasons for the challenge to paternalism. The response was that women were subject to obedience within their communities and had taken public vows and were public members of the church. The superiors groups (Committee of Concerned Leadership) did not have a united public stand. A compromise was reached on "clarification" rather than retraction. On March 2, 1986, another Times letter declared that reprisals have a chilling effect on dissent.
Bioleaching of lateritic nickel ore using a heterotrophic micro-organism (1993)

The nickeliferous lateritic ore of Sukinda, Orissa (India) is a complex ore containing very fine particles. An attempt has been made to leach nickel using indigenous microflora, which were isolated from the same ore. It was observed that 90% of nickel and 34% cobalt were extracted from the lateritic nickel ore. The percentage of dextrose in the growth medium was varied from 2% to 10% in order to increase the nickel extraction. Organic acids such as oxalic and citric acid and acids generated by microbial metabolism were also used for leaching. The results were compared with those of microbial leaching.
Reliable Smart Earplug Sensors for Monitoring Human Organs based on 5G Technology (2018)

The miniature sensor are the sensors with smallest physical device with extra features to be implemented with the 5g technology. The reliability achievement of the miniature earplug sensor can be done with the upcoming 5g technology. The smart sensor and 5g technology both the methodologies in the world of health and fitness has a vast application. There are certain devices that are associated with implantable and wearable devices that are available in the field of the health but with respect to the 5g technology's make it better when associate with the miniature earplug sensors. This sensor device is a wearable small earplug sensors that could improve monitoring of vital signs, with the aim of monitoring heart, brain and lung functions for health and the fitness which is associated with 5g technology which has high speed, higher capacity, low latency and low cost. This motivates a enormous attempt in the research activities of the health field, standardization and investment in the field of the health for the better management of the human body. This paper aims at reporting an overview of miniature earplug sensors for the better monitoring of the human body parts through a small and smart miniature ear device with the 5g technological designs and a case study based on a real implementation is also reported. Trends and probable evolutions are traced based on the earplug sensors for health purpose.
Spatio-temporal scalability for MPEG video coding (2000)

The existing and standardized solutions for spatial scalability are not satisfactory, therefore new approaches are very actively being explored. The goal of this paper is to improve spatial scalability of MPEG-2 for progressive video. In order to avoid problems with too large bitstreams of the base layer produced by some of the hitherto proposed spatially scalable coders, spatio-temporal scalability is proposed for video compression systems. It is assumed that a coder produces two bitstreams, where the base-layer bitstream corresponds to pictures with reduced both spatial and temporal resolution while the enhancement layer bitstream is used to transmit the information needed to retrieve images with full spatial and temporal resolution. In the base layer, temporal resolution reduction is obtained by B-frame data partitioning, i.e., by placing each second frame (B-frame) in the enhancement layer. Subband (wavelet) analysis is used to provide spatial decomposition of the signal. Full compatibility with the MPEG-2 standard is ensured in the base layer, as compared to single-layer MPEG-2 encoding at bit rates below 6 Mbits/s, the bitrate overhead for scalability is less than 15% in most cases.
Dynamics of flexible bodies in tree topology - A computer-oriented approach (1985)

An approach suited for automatic generation of the equations of motion for large mechanical systems (i.e., large space structures, mechanisms, robots, etc.) is presented. The system topology is restricted to a tree configuration. The tree is defined as an arbitrary set of rigid and flexible bodies connected by hinges characterizing relative translations and rotations of two adjoining bodies. The equations of motion are derived via Kane's method. The resulting equation set is of minimum dimension. Dynamical equations are imbedded in a computer program called TREETOPS. Extensive control simulation capability is built in the TREETOPS program. The simulation is driven by an interactive set-up program resulting in an easy to use analysis tool.
Antimicrobial activity of copper surfaces against suspensions of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni (2004)

These results shows that metallic copper surfaces have an antibacterial activity against S. enterica and C. jejuni and suggest its potential application as an inhibitory agent in the various stages of the food processing operations.
A new procedure for the conversion of thiols into reactive sulfenylating agents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new procedure for the conversion of thiols into reactive sulfenylating agentsD. H. R. Barton, Robert H. Hesse, A. C. O'Sullivan, and M. M. PechetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6697–6702Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of linear features using a localized Radon transform with a wavelet filter (2002)

One problem of interest to the oceanic engineering community is the detection and enhancement of internal wakes in open water synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Internal wakes, which occur when a ship travels in a stratified medium, have a "V" shape extending from the ship, and a chirp-like feature across each arm. The Radon transform has been applied to the detection and the enhancement problems in internal wake images to account for the linear features while the wavelet transform has been applied to the enhancement problem in internal wake images to account for the chirp-like features. In this paper, a new transform, a localized Radon transform with a wavelet filter (LRTWF), is developed which accounts for both the linear and the chirp-like features of the internal wake. This transform is then incorporated into optimal and sub-optimal detection schemes for images (with these features) which are contaminated by additive Gaussian noise.
Influence of Operating Variables on Continuous Flocculation of Mineral Fines (2000)

The present study was undertaken to delineate the effect of common process variables such as agitation speed, slurry flow rate, slurry percent solids and slurry pH on the continuous flocculation. Results are discussed in relation to the known results from batch flocculation
experiments. Itis found that the best operating perf-ormance of a continuous flocculation system could be obtained under short residence times and lowest possible agitation speed.
Telecontrol (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Remote Machining Evaluation and Future Development Appendix 1. The Html Codes in Accessing the RMC Appendix 2. The CGI Codes in Responding The Request of The RMC