gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of ultra-water-repellent alumina–silica composite films (2006)

Ultra-water-repellent (UWR) films were prepared by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition using trimethylmethoxysilane and aluminium (III) diisopropoxide ethylacetoacetate (ADE) as raw materials. The film was mainly composed of silica and alumina and was apparently transparent. The film thickness was approximately 500 nm. The sample surface was treated with an organosilane in order to introduce hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic modification led to a water contact angle of more than 150°, whose value corresponds to the UWR surface. The hardness of film with an optimized Al content was significantly improved compared with that without Al. The maximum hardness was 1.71 GPa. In consequence, we successfully prepared an UWR film in the silica–alumina system.
Amino Acid and Peptide Uptake in the Scutella of Germinating Grains of Barley, Wheat, Rice, and Maize (1989)

Scutella separated from germinating grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) took up the four amino acids and the three peptides tested from incubation media. The uptake of amino acids by wheat scutella was similar to that of barley scutella and was via at least four uptake systems: two nonspecific amino acid uptake systems, one system specific for proline, and another system specific for basic amino acids. The scutellum of rice apparently has two nonspecific systems and a system specific for the basic amino acids, but the proline-specific system is lacking. The scutellum of maize seems to have the same systems as the scutellum of rice, but one (or both) of the nonspecific systems differs from that of the other species studied in taking up arginine only slowly. No great differences were observed in the uptake of peptides in the four species studied. The rates of uptake of different amino acids and peptides were of the same order of magnitude in the four cereals. The fact that carboxypeptidase activities in the endosperms of wheat and barley are 20-to 100-fold higher than those in rice and maize, does thus not seem to be reflected in the uptake properties of the scutella.
Enzymatic Conversion of Averufin to Hydroxyversicolorone and Elucidation of a Novel Metabolic Grid Involved in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis (2003)

The pathway from averufin (AVR) to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) in aflatoxin biosynthesis was investigated by using cell-free enzyme systems prepared from Aspergillus parasiticus. When (1'S,5'S)-AVR was incubated with a cell extract of this fungus in the presence of NADPH, versicolorin A and versicolorin B (VB), as well as other aflatoxin pathway intermediates, were formed. When the same substrate was incubated with the microsome fraction and NADPH, hydroxyversicolorone (HVN) and VHA were formed. However, (1'R,5'R)-AVR did not serve as the substrate. In cell-free experiments performed with the cytosol fraction and NADPH, VHA, versicolorone (VONE), and versiconol acetate (VOAc) were transiently produced from HVN in the early phase, and then VB and versiconol (VOH) accumulated later. Addition of dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) to the same reaction mixture caused transient formation of VHA and VONE, followed by accumulation of VOAc, but neither VB nor VOH was formed. When VONE was incubated with the cytosol fraction in the presence of NADPH, VOAc and VOH were newly formed, whereas the conversion of VOAc to VOH was inhibited by dichlorvos. The purified VHA reductase, which was previously reported to catalyze the reaction from VHA to VOAc, also catalyzed conversion of HVN to VONE. Separate feeding experiments performed with A. parasiticus NIAH-26 along with HVN, VONE, and versicolorol (VOROL) demonstrated that each of these substances could serve as a precursor of aflatoxins. Remarkably, we found that VONE and VOROL had ring-opened structures. Their molecular masses were 386 and 388 Da, respectively, which were 18 Da greater than the molecular masses previously reported. These data demonstrated that two kinds of reactions are involved in the pathway from AVR to VHA in aflatoxin biosynthesis: (i) a reaction from (1'S,5'S)-AVR to HVN, catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme, and (ii) a new metabolic grid, catalyzed by a new cytosol monooxygenase enzyme and the previously reported VHA reductase enzyme, composed of HVN, VONE, VOAc, and VHA. A novel hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reaction between VONE and VOROL was also discovered.
Application of phase shift focus monitor in EUVL process control (2013)

Both 90.9° and 180° phase shifts have been achieved using a new Phase Shift Mask (PSM) structure. This PSM is intended for use as a focus monitor. Both the EUV images of the focus monitor patterns on the new EUV PSM test mask, obtained from the SEMATECH/Berkeley Actinic Inspection Microscope (AIT), and the SEMATECH EUV Micro Exposure Tool (MET), shows that an alternating PSM EUV mask can be effectively used for EUVL focus monitoring.
A method for experimental heating of intact soil profiles for application to climate change experiments (2010)

Abstract A new system for simulating future belowground temperature increases was conceived, simulated, constructed and tested in a temperate deciduous forest in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. The new system uses low‐wattage, 3 m deep heaters installed around the circumference of a defined soil volume. The heaters add the necessary energy to achieve a set soil temperature differential within the treatment area and add exterior energy inputs equal to those, which might be lost from lateral heat conduction. The method, which was designed to work in conjunction with aboveground heated chambers, requires only two control sensor positions one for aboveground air temperatures at 1 m and another for belowground temperatures at 0.8 m. The method is capable of achieving temperature differentials of at least +4.0±0.5 °C for soils to a measured depth of −2 m. These +4 °C differential soil temperatures were sustained in situ throughout 2009, and both diurnal and seasonal cycles at all soil depths were retained using this simple heating approach. Measured mean energy inputs required to sustain the target heating level of +4 °C over the 7.1 m 2 target area were substantial for aboveground heating (21.1 kW h day −1 m −2 ), but 16 times lower for belowground heaters (1.3 kW h day −1 m −2 ). Observations of soil CO 2 efflux from the surface of the target soil volumes showed CO 2 losses throughout 2009 that were elevated above the temperature response curve that have been reported in previous near‐surface soil warming studies. Stimulation of biological activity within previously undisturbed deep‐soil carbon stocks is the hypothesized source. Long‐term research programs may be able to apply this new heating method that captures expected future warming and temperature dynamics throughout the soil profile to address uncertainties in process‐level responses of microbial, plant and animal communities in whole, intact ecosystems.
Physicochemical Properties of Supported γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and TiO<sub>2</sub>Ceramic Membranes (1989)

Abstract Supported γ-Al2O3 and TiO2 ceramic membranes were prepared by sol-gel techniques from alkoxide precursors. Tests were conducted to measure the permeabilities of these membranes to solvent under a variety of operating conditions. Variables studied were feed temperature, length of time on stream, and feed pH. The stabilities of the membranes in harsh chemical environments were also determined. An alternative method for preparing supported ceramic membranes is also suggested.
Anti-CD3ε F(ab′)2 Prevents Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Selectively Depleting Donor T Cells Activated by Recipient Alloantigens (2001)

Transplantation tolerance is facilitated by activation-induced apoptosis of peripheral T cells triggered by specific AG: Abs specific for the nonpolymorphic CD3 component of the TCR complex bind to APCs through Fc-FcR interactions, mimic MHC-peptide, and activate polyclonal T cells. In contrast, F(ab')(2) of anti-CD3epsilon Abs do not activate naive T cells but induce apoptosis of Ag-activated, cycling T cells. Here, we report that treatment with anti-CD3epsilon F(ab')(2) can selectively induce apoptosis of donor T cells that recognize a recipient alloantigen, thereby preventing graft-vs-host disease initiated by a TCR-transgenic T cell population. The selective elimination of Ag-activated T cells by non-FcR-binding anti-CD3epsilon Abs could serve as an ideal strategy to prevent graft-vs-host disease and allograft rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders.
Photophysics and Photochemistry of Naphthly Ester Polymers in Solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysics and Photochemistry of Naphthly Ester Polymers in SolutionL. Merle-Aubry, D. A. Holden, Y. Merle, and J. E. GuilletCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 5, 1138–1143Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60077a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60077a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular determinants of irinotecan efficacy (2006)

Abstract Molecular markers predicting the efficacy of CPT‐11 based chemotherapies in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether mRNA levels of drug targets (Topoisomerase I, TS), enzymes involved in 5‐FU metabolism (DPD), in angiogenesis (EGFR, IL‐8, VEGF) and in DNA‐repair/drug detoxification (ERCC1, GST‐P1) are associated with the clinical outcome of patients with CRC treated with first‐line CPT‐11 based chemotherapy. Thirty three patients with metastatic CRC were included in the study. Intratumoral gene expression levels were assessed from paraffin‐embedded tissue samples, using laser capture microdissection and quantitative Real‐Time PCR. Complete response was observed in 1 patient, partial response in 12 patients, stable disease in 13 patients and progressive disease in 6 patients. Response was inevaluable for 1 patient. Patients with complete response or partial response were classified as responders, while patients with stable disease or progressive disease were classified as nonresponders. High intratumoral mRNA levels of EGFR, ERCC1 and GSPT‐P1 were each significantly associated with response to CPT‐11 based chemotherapy. Recursive partitioning analysis showed that mRNA levels of EGFR and ERCC1 are primarily responsible for delineating responders from nonresponders. Also, the combination of high intratumoral gene expression levels of both EGFR and ERCC1 was significantly associated with progression‐free survival. The mRNA levels of EGFR had a significant correlation with expression levels of ERCC1, GST‐P1 and VEGF. This small retrospective study suggests that gene expression levels of EGFR, ERCC1 and GST‐P1 may be useful in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with metastatic CRC treated with first‐line CPT‐11 based chemotherapy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and functional analysis of eosinophils from murine embryonic stem cells (2004)

We have established a culture system for the development of eosinophils from murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. After transferring ES cells from embryonic fibroblast cells onto macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient stromal cells, OP9, ES cells were cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)-5 with either IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 20 d to obtain approximately 50% eosinophils. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of crystallized major basic protein (MBP) in the granules of some of these cells. Neither IL-5, IL-3, GM-CSF nor eotaxin alone could induce eosinophils as efficiently as the conditions described above. Eotaxin induced eosinophil development in combination with either IL-3 or IL-5. Levels of GATA-1, Friend of GATA (FOG)-1, PU.1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)alpha, C/EBPbeta, IL-3 receptor alpha (IL-3Ralpha), GM-CSF receptor alpha (GM-CSFRalpha), and MBP mRNAs were increased in ES cells 10 d after transfer onto OP9 cells. In contrast, C/EBPepsilon, IL-5Ralpha, and eosinophil peroxidase mRNAs were induced in response to IL-3 and IL-5 after transfer onto OP9 cells. Eosinophils that developed in this system expressed Gr-1, F4/80, B220, CCR3, IL-3Ralpha, IL-5Ralpha, and DX5. Finally, eosinophils developed from ES cells produced reactive oxygen species in response to Leishmania as do peripheral blood eosinophils.
Crystallization and Transformation of Acetaminophen Trihydrate (2003)

Acetaminophen is both polymorphic and prone to the formation of a trihydrate. The recently discovered trihydrate is a lath-like crystalline form that is highly metastable with respect to conversion to the thermodynamically stable form I polymorph. While the trihydrate is physically stable in ice-cold aqueous suspension (with up to 50% propylene glycol or glycerol), conversion of trihydrate takes place at temperatures above 5 °C via a solution-mediated transformation pathway to produce form I. On drying, the optically transparent trihydrate laths transform to an opaque, micronized form I. The metastable trihydrate is characterized as a maximally solvated form that appears to defy Ostwald's rule of stages and thus behaves fundamentally differently from the highly metastable polymorph form III.
Decrease of gluconeogenesis by deramciclane is counteracted by cytochrome P450 inhibitors (1997)

The effect of deramciclane (EGIS-3886), a new anxiolytic drug, was investigated on carbohydrate metabolism in mouse isolated hepatocytes. Deramciclane is a substrate of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Its in-vivo administration has been shown to cause a dose-dependent liver glycogen depleting effect in dogs.



Hepatocytes were prepared from male CFLP mice (fed or starved for 24 h) using the collagenase perfusion method. The cells were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer at 37°C with constant bubbling of CO2/O2 (5:95, v/v). Glucose production of the cells was measured in deproteinized samples by a glucokinase-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. Glycogen content of the cells was determined with the same method after hydrolysis.



Glycogen breakdown in mouse isolated hepatocytes was not affected by deramciclane. Gluconeogenesis from alanine or pyruvate but not from fructose was inhibited by high concentrations (40 μM) of deramciclane. The inhibitory effect of deramciclane on glucose production (nmol min−1/106 cells) from alanine was inhibited by econazole (-0.97 ± 0.13 vs -2.21 ± 0.49, P < 0.05, s.e.m., n = 5) or by SKF 525A (-0.60 ± 0.21 vs -2.21 ± 0.49, P < 0.02). Addition of deramciclane did not affect the level of cAMP or glutathione in isolated hepatocytes.



The study shows that oxidative biotransformation of deramciclane decreases glucose formation from three carbon unit precursors without any direct effect on glycogen metabolism. We concluded that glycogen depletion by long-term deramciclane administration may be mediated by decreased gluconeogenesis caused by increased NADPH consumption upon oxidative metabolism of deramciclane.
An experimental investigation of software metrics and their relationship to software development effort (1989)

The results are reported of an experimental study of software metrics for a fairly large software system used in a real-time application. A number of issues are examined, including the mutual relationship between various software metrics and, more importantly, the relationship between metrics and the development effort. Some interesting connections are reported between metrics and the software development effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Architecture to Support Multiple Subscriber Identity Applications Accessing Multiple Mobile Telecommunication Access Network Systems (2008)

With the advances in smart card technology it is quite possible to support more than one type of subscriber identity applications on the same smart card. We propose an architecture capable of hosting multi faceted subscriber identity applications which exploits common functions and data in a secure partitioned manner. The associated security mechanisms are also defined in order to realise its implementation on a single smart card. Our proposed architecture provides a harmonised secure authentication environment. The architecture is extensible to platforms on mobile devices and secure tokens operating across diverse access interfaces. Furthermore, we propose a set of protocols for secure communications between terminal, control module and hosted subscriber identity applications.
On compound channels with side information at the transmitter (2006)

Costa has proved that for noncausally known Gaussian interference at a power constrained transmitter communicating over an additive white Gaussian noise channel there is no capacity loss when compared to a scenario where interference is not present. For the case of a transmitter communicating over a quasistatic (i.e., nonergodic) fading channel, his method does not apply. In this correspondence, we derive upper and lower bounds on the capacity of compound channels with side information at the transmitter, first for finite alphabet channels and then, based on this result, for channels on standard alphabets (this includes real alphabets). For the special case of a degenerate compound channel with only one possible realization, our bounds are equivalent to the well-known capacity with side-information formula of Gel'fand and Pinsker. For the quasistatic fading channel, when fading is Ricean, we suggest a scheme based on our lower bound for which the performance is found to be relatively good even for moderate K-factor. As K/spl rarr//spl infin/, the uncertainty on the channel vanishes and our scheme obtains the performance of dirty paper coding, namely that the interference is perfectly mitigated. As K/spl rarr/0, the proposed scheme treats the interferer as additional noise. These results may be of importance for the emerging field of cognitive radios where one user may be aware of another user's intended message to a common receiver, but is unaware of the channel path gains.
A Reliability-Augmented Particle Filter for Magnetic Fingerprinting Based Indoor Localization on Smartphone (2015)

Using magnetic field data as fingerprints for smartphone indoor positioning has become popular in recent years. Particle filter is often used to improve accuracy. However, most of existing particle filter based approaches either are heavily affected by motion estimation errors, which result in unreliable systems, or impose strong restrictions on smartphone such as fixed phone orientation, which are not practical for real-life use. In this paper, we present a novel indoor positioning system for smartphones, which is built on our proposed reliability-augmented particle filter. We create several innovations on the motion model, the measurement model, and the resampling model to enhance the basic particle filter. To minimize errors in motion estimation and improve the robustness of the basic particle filter, we propose a dynamic step length estimation algorithm and a heuristic particle resampling algorithm. We use a hybrid measurement model, combining a new magnetic fingerprinting model and the existing magnitude fingerprinting model, to improve system performance, and importantly avoid calibrating magnetometers for different smartphones. In addition, we propose an adaptive sampling algorithm to reduce computation overhead, which in turn improves overall usability tremendously. Finally, we also analyze the “Kidnapped Robot Problem” and present a practical solution. We conduct comprehensive experimental studies, and the results show that our system achieves an accuracy of 1~2 m on average in a large building.
Tyrosine-phosphorylated Caveolin Is a Physiological Substrate of the Low M r Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase (2001)

Low M(r) phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase is involved in the regulation of several tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. The best characterized action of this enzyme is on the signaling pathways activated by platelet-derived growth factor, where it plays multiple roles. In this study we identify tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin as a new potential substrate for low M(r) phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase. Caveolin is tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo by Src kinases, recruits into caveolae, and hence regulates the activities of several proteins involved in cellular signaling cascades. Our results demonstrate that caveolin and low M(r) phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase coimmunoprecipitate from cell lysates, and that a fraction of the enzyme localizes in caveolae. Furthermore, in a cell line sensitive to insulin, the overexpression of the C12S dominant negative mutant of low M(r) phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase (a form lacking activity but able to bind substrates) causes the enhancement of tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin. Insulin stimulation of these cells induces a strong increase of caveolin phosphorylation. The localization of low M(r) phosphotyrosine-protein phosphatase in caveolae, the in vivo interaction between this enzyme and caveolin, and the capacity of this enzyme to rapidly dephosphorylate phosphocaveolin, all indicate that tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin is a relevant substrate for this phosphatase.
Castor-oil-based interpenetrating polymer networks: Synthesis and characterization (1977)

Castor oil was polymerized and crosslinked with sulfur or diisocyanates to form the vulcanized and urethane derivatives, respectively. Both types were swollen with a plastic-forming monomer plus crosslinker, and a second polymerization was carried out in situ. Polyblends were also made by emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate employing hydrolyzed castor oil as the soap. In all three polymerizations, a wide range of compositions was obtained. The resulting interpenetrating polymer networks were characterized using electron microscopy, modulus–temperature measurements, and stress–strain analysis. The polystyrene phase size of the castor oil–urethane/polystyrene IPN was shown to decrease with increased crosslinking of the castor oil component and with increased polystyrene contents. The modulus–temperature study showed two distinct glass transitions in all cases, with evidence of significant mixing of the two components in many cases. The stress–strain results show that some of the IPN's behave as reinforced, highly extensible elastomers at low polystyrene levels, and a rubber-toughened plastics at high levels of polystyrene or crosslinking.