gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth factors, hormones, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and lipotechoic acids on the clonal growth of normal ureteral epithelial cells in serum‐free culture (1992)

In vitro tissue culture techniques were employed to study the effects of bacterial endotoxins on the growth of normal epithelial cells from the human ureter (NHU). Primary cultures of NHU cells were initiated from explant outgrowth cultures of human ureteral tissue and cultured on collagen gel in F-12* medium containing 1% fetal calf serum (FCS). Optimal clonal growth of secondary cultures of NHU cells seeded at relatively low seeding cell densities, directly on plastic dishes, was achieved in F-12* medium containing bovine pituitary extract (0.5% BPE) and 0.05% BSA. Results indicated that insulin in the F-12* medium could be replaced by three orders of magnitude less IGF-1. Further clonal growth experiments demonstrated that PGE1 is growth stimulatory and can replace BPE as a growth factor requirement. This finding was in agreement with the fact that BPE growth requirement could be replaced by cholera toxin or dibutyryl cAMP. These results suggested that both BPE and cholera toxin operated by activation of a cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway. Seven gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and three gram-positive bacterial lipotechoic acids (LT) were tested for their effects on NHU clonal growth. Three out of the five LPS derived from Escherichia coli (strains 055:B5, 0128:B12, and 0127:B8), LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae, and LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa all showed significant growth inhibitory effects at minimally effective doses ranging from 5 to 25 micrograms/ml. LPS derived from E. coli strain (0111:B4) had no growth effects at the highest concentration tested (100 micrograms/ml). In contrast, LT derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, S. faecalis, Staphylococcus aureas, and Bacillus subtilis all markedly enhanced clonal growth at concentrations ranging from 1 microgram/ml less than [LT] less than 50 micrograms/ml. LT from Strep. pyogenes was inhibitory to clonal growth at 100 micrograms/ml. The growth inhibitory effects of LPS were shown to be sensitive to the presence of hydrocortisone in the growth medium, indicating that LPS effects on growth are mediated via the arachidonic acid cascade. We speculate that these results indicate a link between the susceptibility of uroepithelial tissue to the pathogenic microflora seen in urinary tract diseases and the differential sensitivity of proliferation-competent uroepithelial cells to growth inhibition by LPS produced by gram-negative bacteria. However, further studies with uropathogenic serotypes will be necessary to corroborate this possibility. The growth-stimulating activity of LTs produced by gram-positive bacteria may be due to their ability to bind to cell-associated fibronectin and to activate the fibronectin receptor as part of ligand receptor-induced mitogenic transmembrane signalling pathway.
Evidence for (PNA)<sub>2</sub>/DNA triplex structure upon binding of PNA to dsDNA by strand displacement (1994)

The binding of PNA (peptide nucleic acid) T2CT2CT4-LysNH2 to the double-stranded DNA target 5'-A2GA2GA4 was studied by KMnO4 and dimethylsulfate (DMS) probing. It is found that upon sequence-specific strand displacement binding of the PNA to the dsDNA target concomitant protection of the N-7 of guanines within the target takes place. It is furthermore shown that the binding of this PNA is more efficient at pH 5.5 than at pH 6.5 and very inefficient at pH 7.5. These results clearly indicate that C+G Hoogsteen base pairing is present and important for binding and that the strand displacement complex therefore involves a PNA.DNA-PNA triplex.
A system identification approach for video-based face recognition (2004)

The paper poses video-to-video face recognition as a dynamical system identification and classification problem. We model a moving face as a linear dynamical system whose appearance changes with pose. An autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) model is used to represent such a system. The choice of ARMA model is based on its ability to take care of the change in appearance while modeling the dynamics of pose, expression etc. Recognition is performed using the concept of sub space angles to compute distances between probe and gallery video sequences. The results obtained are very promising given the extent of pose, expression and illumination variation in the video data used for experiments.
Formation of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films by reactive Ar/CH<sub>4</sub>high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (2014)

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films were deposited by reactive Ar/CH4 high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The deposition rate increased from 0.25 µm/h in the case of without CH4 to about 1.6 µm/h at a CH4 fraction of 50%. On the other hand, the hardness of the deposited films markedly decreased from 17 to 5 GPa with the increase in CH4 fraction. Film properties were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. C 1s peak broadening with increasing CH4 fraction was observed, indicating a slight increase in sp3 content. In Raman spectra, two, very broad overlapping G and D bands extending between 1200 and 1700 cm−1 were observed. The G-peak position shifted to lower wave numbers and the ratio of the D to G bands decreased at CH4 fractions lower than 5%, beyond which the G-peak position shifted to higher wave numbers and the ratio increased.
Selective Electrochemical versus Chemical Oxidation of Bulky Phenol (2016)

The electrochemical oxidation of selected tert-butylated phenols 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (1), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2), 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (3), 2-tert-butylphenol (4), and 4-tert-butylphenol (5) was studied in an aprotic environment using cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, and UV-vis spectroscopy. All compounds exhibited irreversible oxidation of the corresponding phenol or phenolate ion. Compound 2 was selectively electrochemically oxidized, while other phenol analogues underwent mostly chemical oxidation. The electrochemical oxidation of 2 produced a highly absorbing product, 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone, which was characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction. The electrochemical oxidation was monitored as a function of electrochemical parameters and concentration. Experimental and theoretical data indicated that the steric hindrance, phenoxyl radical stability, and hydrogen bonding influenced the outcome of the electrochemical oxidation. The absence of the substituent at the para position and the presence of the bulky substituents at ortho positions were structural and electrostatic requirements for the selective electrochemical oxidation.
STUDYING THE STATES (1994)

The Bannon Decade: The Politics of Restraint in South Australia. Edited by A ndrew P arkin & A llan P atience Trials in Power: Cain, Kirner and Victoria 1982–1992. Edited by M ark C onsidine & B rian C ostar Keeping them Honest: Democratic Reform in Queensland. Edited by A ndrew H ede , S cott P rasser & M ark N eylan The Tasmanian Parliamentary Accord & Public Policy: Accommodating the new politics? Edited by M arcus H award & P eter L armour Affairs of State: Politics in the Australian States and Territories. By S cott B ennett
Electro-Optics of Electrospun TiO2 Anatase Submicron Wire Based Dipole Particle Suspension Device (2014)

Abstract Electro-optical properties of electrospun anatase TiO2 submicron wire dispersion in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were investigated. The optical properties of the dispersion were altered by electrophoretic manipulation of submicron wires (SMWs) in the PDMS matrix. SMWs were aligned in the electric field at a field strength of 0.1 V/μm, resulting in a change in transmittance of up to 23%. Transmittance changes can be attributed to a decrease of light scattering cross-sections during the SMW orientation in the electric field.
Performance of multilayer insulation systems for temperatures to 700 deg K Final report, Oct. 1964 - May 1967 (1967)

Multilayerinsulations which will operate in the 300" to 700K temperature range are being considered for use as portions of the thermal control systems on advanced spacecraft for near-solar missions.The high operating temperatures necessitated the evaluation of new materials and composites.Also, as this type of insulation has highly anisotropic thermal properties, the multidimensional heat transfer properties of the materials must be characterized.An analytical treatment is derived for evaluating the one-dimensional heat transfer through multilayer insulations.Experimental verification of the influence of the significant properties of the components of the system on overall thermal conductivity is reported.Data on the thermal conductivity of a number of multilayer insulations over the temperature range of 300" to 700K are presented.Analytical models are developed for study of the effects of exposed edges, joints, and penetrations on the heat transfer in this type of insulation and comparison is made with experimental data for a cylindrical system.
A 1.5-V 10-ppm/°C 2nd-Order Curvature-Compensated CMOS Bandgap Reference with Trimming (2006)

A 2nd-order curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap reference circuit with a novel trimming technique is described. The 2nd-order curvature compensation is implemented by using a temperature-dependent resistor ratio generated by a poly resistor and a diffusion resistor. A trimming technique with digital switches is utilized to increase or decrease resistance bi-directionally and therefore to minimize the variance of resistance. The proposed voltage reference operates down to a 1.5 V supply and consumes a maximum supply current of 55 /spl mu/A. The experimental prototype circuit in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process achieves a temperature coefficient of 10 ppm//spl deg/C and occupies an area of 0.71 mm/sup 2/.
Cytochrome P-450 Metabolites Mediate Norepinephrine-Induced Mitogenic Signaling (1998)

Norepinephrine (NE) stimulates release of arachidonic acid (AA) from tissue lipids in blood vessels, which is metabolized via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase (LO), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) pathways to biologically active products. Moreover, NE and AA have been shown to stimulate proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rat aorta. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible contribution of AA and its metabolites to NE-induced mitogenesis in VSMCs of rat aorta and the underlying mechanism of their actions. NE (0.1 to 10 micromol/L) increased DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in VSMCs, and this effect was attenuated by inhibitors of CYP-450 (17-octadecynoic acid, 5 micromol/L; 12-diabromododec-11-enoic acid, 10 micromol/L; and dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide, 10 micromol/L) and by the LO inhibitor (baicalein, 20 micromol/L), but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, 5 micromol/L). CYP-450 and LO metabolites of AA, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) (0.1 to 0.5 micromol/L) and 12(S)-HETE, respectively, increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in VSMCs. Both NE and 20-HETE increased mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase activity as measured by the in-gel kinase assay. The inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, PD-98059 (50 micromol/L), attenuated NE as well as 20-HETE induced [3H]thymidine incorporation and MAP kinase activation in VSMCs. These data suggest that products of AA formed via CYP-450, most likely 20-HETE, and via LO mediate NE induced mitogenesis in VSMCs.
A Phased Array RFIC with Built-In Self-Test Using an Integrated Vector Signal Analyzer (2011)

An X-band phased-array RF integrated circuit with built-in self-test (BIST) capabilities is presented. The BIST is accomplished using a miniature capacitive coupler at the input of each channel and an on-chip I/Q vector receiver. Measurements done with BIST system agree well with S-parameter data and provide the amplitude and phase response over phase states and over frequency. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of an on-chip BIST and with high accuracy.
A new module combining two tracking cameras to expand the workspace of surgical navigation systems (2016)

Surgical navigation systems based on optical tracking technology all suffer from the requirement for an unobstructed line-of-sight. The optical path between stereo camera and tracked objects has to be kept free or the navigation is suspended. In this article, we present a new module that combines the information of two tracking cameras simultaneously, to view the surgical site from two different angles. The module is designed to work with legacy navigation systems and established tools in order to facilitate its way into the operating room. With the new module, the staff's workspace can be expanded and the availability of navigation information during an intervention can be increased.
Antibiotics and the gut microbiota (2014)

Antibiotics have been a cornerstone of innovation in the fields of public health, agriculture, and medicine. However, recent studies have shed new light on the collateral damage they impart on the indigenous host-associated communities. These drugs have been found to alter the taxonomic, genomic, and functional capacity of the human gut microbiota, with effects that are rapid and sometimes persistent. Broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce bacterial diversity while expanding and collapsing membership of specific indigenous taxa. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment selects for resistant bacteria, increases opportunities for horizontal gene transfer, and enables intrusion of pathogenic organisms through depletion of occupied natural niches, with profound implications for the emergence of resistance. Because these pervasive alterations can be viewed as an uncoupling of mutualistic host-microbe relationships, it is valuable to reconsider antimicrobial therapies in the context of an ecological framework. Understanding the biology of competitive exclusion, interspecies protection, and gene flow of adaptive functions in the gut environment may inform the design of new strategies that treat infections while preserving the ecology of our beneficial constituents.
Discharge and ion extraction properties of a beam-plasma ion source (1985)

The discharge and ion extraction properties of a beam-plasma ion source have been studied experimentally. The extractable ion current is maximized when the discharge column length is chosen to be an optimum length. The peak extracted ion current can exceed the Child–Langmuir current as much as an order of magnitude.
Nucleoprotein of influenza A virus is a major target of immunodominant CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐cell responses (2013)

Influenza A virus causes annual epidemics and sporadic pandemics, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccines are currently available; however, they induce a non-strain-cross protective humoral immune response directed against the rapidly mutating surface glycoproteins, and thus need to be updated annually. As T cells are directed against more conserved internal influenza proteins, a T-cell-based vaccine has the potential to induce long-lasting and cross-strain protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity, and in that way minimize the severity of influenza infection. However, to rationally design such vaccines, we need to identify immunogenic T-cell regions within the most antigenic viral proteins. In this study, we have used a systematic approach to identify immunodominant peptides in HLA-A2-negative donors. A broad range of CD8(+) T-cell responses were observed and 6/7 donors had an immunodominant response against the relatively conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP). Dissecting the minimal epitope regions within the immunogenic NP led to the identification of six novel immunodominant epitopes, which include a 12-mer and an 8-mer peptides. The majority of immunodominant epitopes was clustered within the carboxyl terminal 2/3 of the NP protein and were highly conserved. We also subjected NP to three common computer algorithms for epitope prediction and found that most of the novel epitopes would not have been predicted. Our study emphasizes the importance of using a systematic approach to identify immunodominant CD8(+) T-cell responses and suggests that the epitope-rich regions within NP present a promising target for the T-cell-mediated multi-strain influenza vaccine.
CHAIN Query Requests in DNS (2016)

This document defines an EDNS0 extension that can be used by a security-aware validating resolver configured to use a forwarding resolver to send a single query, requesting a complete validation path along with the regular query answer. The reduction in queries potentially lowers the latency and reduces the need to send multiple queries at once. This extension mandates the use of source-IPverified transport such as TCP or UDP with EDNS-COOKIE, so it cannot be abused in amplification attacks.
Partial agonistic activity of R- and S-enantiomers of 8-OH-DPAT at 5-HT1A receptors. (1996)

In this study, the 5-HT1A agonistic activity of R- and S-enantiomers of the prototypical 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT was investigated using in vivo microiontophoresis and the hypothermic response in rats. Both the R- and S-enantiomers suppressed current-dependently the firing activity of dorsal hippocampus CA3 pyramidal neurons. The number of spikes suppressed/nA of R-(+)-OH-DPAT was about 2-fold greater than that of S-(-)-OH-DPAT, which indicates greater agonistic activity of the R-enantiomer. The determination of the effectiveness of 5-HT in suppressing the firing activity of CA3 pyramidal neurons prior to and during application of either the R- or S-enantiomer showed that both compounds antagonized the effect of 5-HT, thus demonstrating their partial agonistic activity. Racemic 8-OH-DPAT produced a dose-dependent hypothermia which was attenuated by the 5-HT1A antagonist pindolol, but not by the nonselective 5-HT antagonist methysergide. Similarly, both R- and S-enantiomers induced a dose-dependent hypothermia, which was greater and longer lasting in the case of R-(+)-OH-DPAT when compared to S-(-)-OH-DPAT. In conclusion, R-(+)-OH-DPAT, displayed a greater agonistic activity at 5-HT1A receptors than S-(-)-OH-DPAT, both in suppressing firing activity of CA3 pyramidal neurons and in decreasing body temperature. Nevertheless, both compounds behaved as partial agonists.
A new flavonoid and other new components from Citrus plants. (1988)

A new flavonoid, citflavanone (1), and prenylated phenol derivatives, etrogol (7) and valencic acid (8), were isolated from roots and root barks of Citrus natsudaidai (natsudaidai), C. medica (etrog citron), C. sinensis (valencia orange), and several hybrid seedlings resulting from hyuga-natsu × hirakishu, and characterized. In order to determine the structure of citflavanone (1), prenylation of naringenin (3) was attempted to give 6- and 8-prenylnaringenin (4 and 5, respectively) as well as 6, 8-diprenylnaringenin (6). The location of the prenyl moiety in 4 and 5 was established by means of the long-range selective proton decoupling technique in nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry.
The evolution of real-time gross settlement : access, liquidity and credit, and pricing (2009)

This paper identifies and analyzes some policy issues arising from central bank experience and practice in supporting real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems, both as settlement authorities and as service-providing RTGS system operators. A decade of experience with RTGS across financial systems in different stages of development, in an increasingly globalized marketplace, has revealed a number of practical problems for both central banks and the direct users and other beneficiaries of RTGS services. The practical issues are highlighted by variations in practice in the areas of RTGS access, liquidity and credit, and costing and pricing. These variations are at times unexpected in light of the common understanding and direction provided by the committee on payment and settlement systems (2001) core principles for the design and operation of systemically important payment systems. By identifying practical policy issues, the author hope to motivate operationally concrete responses by individual central banks to system-specific problems, and by consortia of central banks to multi-system problems that may call for harmonized approaches.
Connective tissue growth factor–specific antibody attenuates tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (2006)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in fibrosis by modulating cell migration and cell growth but may also modify tumor growth and metastasis. Because CTGF is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we investigated the in vitro effects of CTGF on the proliferation and invasiveness of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and examined the consequences of its in vivo inhibition on the growth and metastasis of these cells using a fully human CTGF-specific monoclonal antibody (FG-3019) in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Although PANC-1 cells expressed relatively high levels of endogenous CTGF mRNA, the addition of CTGF to conditioned medium increased the proliferation and invasiveness of PANC-1 cells. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta1 caused a further increase in CTGF expression in these cells. In vivo, the twice weekly i.p. administration of FG-3019 decreased tumor growth and metastasis and attenuated tumor angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. FG-3019 did not enhance apoptosis and did not attenuate the inhibitory effects of gemcitabine on tumor growth and metastasis. These findings suggest that CTGF may contribute to aberrant autocrine and paracrine pathways that promote pancreatic cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, blocking CTGF actions with FG-3019 may represent a novel therapeutic approach in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Venous leg ulcers and the family physician. (1999)

Family physicians often are the first contact for patients with venous leg ulcerations (VLUs). A random survey of 2,000 family physicians was conducted to determine patterns for diagnosis and treatment of VLUs, including type of leg ulcer (arterial, venous, diabetic), whether compression therapy was ordered, whether a Doppler system was available to aide in diagnosis, and which health care professional ultimately cared for the patient. Of the 325 family physicians who participated, 96% (311/325) see patients with VLUs, averaging 1.5 VLUs per week. Compression therapy is prescribed by 96% of family physicians, and 83% (259/325) refer these patients to other health care professionals. Only 27% (89/325) have a Doppler system in the office to measure the ankle-brachial index (ABI). These findings document for the first time in the United States the large number of patients with VLUs seen by family physicians.
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN FOOD AND HEALTH: A REVIEW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI AS WELL AS CERTAIN ENTERIC DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND LACTOBACILLI1 (1972)

Recent literature concerning enteropathogenesis and drug resistance transfer factors in Escherichia coli are summarized as well as related papers concerning the use of antibiotics in animal feed. E. coli infection in swine (colibacillosis) also is considered, especially citations indicating the similarity between the disease in man and animals. The role of intestinal bacteria in human health is reviewed, emphasizing the importance of (a) a maintained balance of organisms in the adult, (b) breast feeding in infants to establish a large population of bifidobacteria and (c) the presence of Lactobacillus organisms to maintain healthful conditions in the human vagina. The use of Lactobacillus organisms in intestinal and vaginal disease therapy is reviewed as well as the important ecological role that lactic acid bacteria play in the natural scheme where man is concerned.