gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magic numbers for water–ammonia binary clusters: Enhanced stability of ion clathrate structures (1985)

The formation of water–ammonia binary clusters (H2O)n(NH3)mH+ (q≲40, q=n+m), have been investigated employing a neutral supersonic nozzle expansion of premixed water–ammonia gas with molecular-beam-mass spectrometry. The analysis of the mass spectra reveals that the number of water-rich clusters is greatly increased as the cluster size is increased. Mass spectroscopic evidence for the existence of enhanced structural stabilities (‘‘magic numbers’’) has been found at the protonated clusters (H2O)20(NH3)mH+ (m=1–6) and (H2O)27NH+4 . Considerations for the magic number stabilities are presented within the framework of ion clathrate (ion-centered cage) structures. Monte Carlo simulations are also presented for ionized (protonated) clusters around n=20 and n=27 with m=1. The clusters (H2O)20NH+4 and (H2O)27NH+4 have greater binding energies per molecule than their neighbors, in agreement with the mass spectroscopic observations. The calculated structure for (H2O)20NH+4 also indicates the stability of pentagonal rings of water molecules and deformed dodecahedral structure with an NH+4 ion trapped inside; the cluster is especially stable due not only to the strong Coulombic interaction (ionic hydrogen bonding) between the NH+4 ion and the surrounding 20 water molecules but to hydrogen bonding networks forming the cage structure. The proposed ion-centered cage model can also explain satisfactorily the well-known stability of the water cluster of (H2O)20H3O+.
Implementing a SIP-based Device Communication Middleware for OSGi Framework with Extension to Wireless Networks (2006)

In recent years, integrating SIP with OSGi has become one of the important research topics in the communication between mobile and networked home devices. In this paper, the general architecture for combining OSGi and SIP is investigated and implementation issues with the communication middleware are discussed. The encapsulation of OSGi devices with SIP has been realized by the concept of "SIP bridging middleware" and OSGi devices are enabled with the ability to communicate with each other through SIP. Experiments include two test cases in mobile EPG application and home surveillance service, both deployed on the OSGi network. Test results show that the proposed SIP bridging middleware satisfies application requirement in control, data transmission and media streaming
Effects of treatment with small interfering RNA on joint inflammation in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (2005)

Local electroporation of siRNA in joint tissue can inhibit CIA in mice. These results offer promise for the use of siRNA as a new strategy for therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis and may serve as a tool to study arthritis disease pathways through loss-of-function phenotypes.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Condensation: A Review (2014)

Abstract The synthesis of coumarins through Knoevenagel condensation is one of the most important processes in synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Compounds including a coumarin (2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran) backbone have a wide range of application in the pharmaceutical field. Thus, many methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of this important class of compounds. However, some methods are always associated with toxic and corrosive catalysts, longer reaction time, poor yield, less purity, and by-products along with the desired product. Furthermore, some of these processes are not efficient and environmentally friendly. Therefore, mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly protocols have been developed recently by many scientists for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives via Knoevenagel condensation with good yield and purity. In this review, we have summarized various methods for the synthesis of coumarins via Knoevenagel condensation. Keywords: Coumarin derivativesefficient methodheterogeneous catalystshigh yieldionic liquidKnoevenagel condensationpiperidine ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are thankful to the Department of Chemistry, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, for providing the necessary laboratory facilities. UGC-Info net and INFLIBNET Gujarat University are acknowledged for providing the e-source facilities. Notes Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/lsyc.
ChemInform Abstract: FENBUFEN, A NEW ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY ANALGESIC‐ SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONS OF ANALOGS (1977)

Abstract Durch Friedel‐Crafts‐Reaktion werden aus Bernsteinsäureanhydrid (II) und verschiedenen Aromaten Analoga (IV) des Fenbufens (I) hergestellt, aus denen weitere Derivate (V)‐(VIII) erhalten werden.
Skin Reactions After BAHA Surgery (2008)

The BAHA dermatome is a tool, which achieves BAHA skin-healing outcomes at least as good as U-graft flaps created by long-experienced BAHA surgeons. Perhaps, this tool allow other BAHA surgeons to achieve similar outcomes without having to experience as many skin reactions as occurred in the evolution of skin management around BAHA abutments.
Targeted omics analyses, and metabolic enzyme activity assays demonstrate maintenance of key mucociliary characteristics in long term cultures of reconstituted human airway epithelia (2015)

3D reconstituted respiratory epithelia have emerged as better in vitro models for toxicological testing compared to cell lines due to the conservation of key morphological features and functions. MucilAir™ is a commercially available human airway epithelia system that can potentially maintain functional attributes for up to a year, however, detailed mucociliary characteristics and xenobiotic metabolism relevant to inhaled pro-toxicant bioactivation is lacking. Here, we assessed in MucilAir™ some key biomarkers that are characteristic of the respiratory epithelia including morphology, function and xenobiotics metabolism. The end points that were measured included targeted proteomics using a panel of 243 airway surface liquid (ASL) proteins, cilia beat frequency (CBF), a qRT-PCR screen of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, and CYP2A6/13, CYP1A1/1B1 activity. Comparison of ASL proteomics with human sputum identified key proteins common to both matrices, but present at different levels. Xenobiotic metabolism gene profiling demonstrated strong similarities with the normal human lung and did not reveal any consistent changes when assessed over a 6 month period. Inducibility and activity of CYP1A1/1B1 and activity of CYP2A6/2A13 were present at one month in culture and maintained in one tested MucilAir™ donor for several months. In conclusion, MucilAir™ presented important morphological and metabolic characteristics of a mucociliary epithelium in short and long term culture. MucilAir™ is therefore a potentially useful model to test repeated sub-cytotoxic doses of toxicants.
Novel Nanodisperse Composite Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium/Polymer Batteries (1997)

A novel approach to the design of a composite positive electrode for lithium/polymer cells based on a polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer, manganese (II), and lithium hydroxide has been discovered. A chemical reaction leading to a stable suspension occurs when the precursor salts are added directly to a polymer solution. The electrode film is cast directly and then vacuum‐dried with no calcination step. The film is amorphous as‐prepared and has been named the nanodisperse composite cathode, or NCC. Film characterization with x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that the Mn (II) has been oxidized to Mn (IV), which forms a complex with the PEO. This leads to highly disperse Mn sites within the polymer matrix and highly mobile Li ions within the PEO. Cells have been assembled with NCC films, electrolyte and lithium metal, and cycled at 85 to 105°C at current densities of 0.2 mA/cm2 between the voltage limits of 3.5 and 2.0 V. Discharge capacities as high as 340 mAh/g‐cathode film have been achieved on the first half‐cycle. The discharge capacity declines consistently during a formation process to steady values as high as 50 mAh/g‐cathode. This cathode capacity is equivalent to an active material capacity of 150 mAh/g in a composite cathode at a loading of 30 weight percent. The synthesis process for the NCC is simple, should be relatively easy to scale up, and should lead to an extremely useful composite cathode for a lithium polymer battery.
Expression of striatal D1 dopamine receptors coupled to inositol phosphate production and Ca2+ mobilization in Xenopus oocytes. (1990)

Expression of central nervous system receptors for dopamine was examined by injection of poly(A)+ RNA (mRNA) from rat striatum into oocytes from Xenopus laevis. Electrophysiological measurements in mRNA-injected oocytes indicated that addition of 100 microM dopamine induced an inward current (40-100 nA) that was consistent with the activation of endogenous Ca2(+)-dependent Cl- channels. This current was also elicited by addition of the selective D1 agonist SKF 38393 but not by the selective D2 agonist quinpirole. Prior addition of the dopaminergic antagonist cis-piflutixol completely abolished dopamine-induced currents but had no effect on currents produced by serotonin. Using 45Ca2+ efflux assays, addition of 100 microM dopamine to injected oocytes stimulated efflux 2- to 3-fold. This increase was mimicked by SKF 38393 and was blocked by the D1-selective antagonist (+)SCH 23390 but not by the D2-selective antagonist domperidone. No increase in 45Ca2+ efflux was seen with 100 microM quinpirole. Size fractionation of striatal mRNA yielded a single peak (2.5-3.0 kilobases) of D1 receptor-mediated 45Ca2+ efflux activity in injected oocytes. In addition, dopamine stimulation of oocytes injected with peak fractions and prelabeled with myo-[3H]inositol caused a 3-fold increase in [3H]inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [( 3H]InsP3) formation. No effect on [3H]InsP3 production or 45Ca2+ efflux was observed, however, in injected oocytes incubated with 1 mM N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Thus, in addition to D1 receptors that stimulate adenylyl cyclase, rat striatum contains D1 receptors that can couple to InsP3 formation and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+.
Serás activista trans o... serás activista trans: sobre el consumo responsable de información (2015)

Este ensayo se plantea el objetivo de subrayar la dimensión de la responsabilidad en el consumo y (re)producción de información sobre personas trans. Para ello tomamos la noción de consumo responsable, proveniente de la ética ambiental y de organizaciones ecologistas, y la aplicamos al consumo y (re)producción de información. Trabajando con un corpus proveniente de ámbitos feministas y LGBT o queer, se comienza con la identificación de los problemas derivados de la laxitud de los criterios para delimitar qué significa “ser activista”. En adelante, considera en primer lugar cómo en estos espacios progresistas, las personas trans, independientemente de su trabajo (artístico, teórico, u otro) sólo pueden ser registradas como “activistas”. A continuación, se indica que al tratarse de personas trans el único título disponible para ellxs parece ser el de “activistas trans”, incluso cuando ese hacer político existe y adopta una dirección no relacionada con la mejora de las condiciones de existencia del colectivo. El paso siguiente consiste en demostrar cómo este activismo (trans) por default, al que suele hacerse lugar, no es sino activismo gaylésbico/feminista con una fuerte impronta cisexista. Por último, y a partir de los señalamientos previos, se hace un llamamiento al consumo y (re)producción responsable de información.
Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials (2015)

Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council.
Detection and segmentation of tables and math-zones from document images (2006)

We propose an algorithm to separate out tables and math-zones from document images. The algorithm relies on the spatial characteristics of tables and math-zones in a document. It has been observed that tables have distinct columns which imply that gaps between the fields are substantially larger than the gaps between the words in text lines and in math-zones the characters and symbols are less dense in comparison to normal text lines. These deceptively simple observations have led us to design a simple but powerful table and math-zone detection system with low computation cost.
Fast BEM for Eddy-Current Problems Using H-Matrices and Adaptive Cross Approximation (2007)

This paper presents numerical experiments in applying a new technique for matrix compression and preconditioning to boundary element method (BEM)-based eddy-current analysis. Following these procedures, the classical problems of BEM approaches for eddy-currents analysis in industrial applications, such as large memory requirements and solver instability (ill-conditioning), are significantly reduced. The algorithm, based on hierarchical matrix arithmetic and adaptive cross approximation techniques, efficiently compresses the BEM matrix and produces a very important additional feature-a cheap and effective matrix preconditioner. The efficiency of this new technique is tested on various numerical examples and compared with other similar existing techniques (fast multipoles method)
Factors affecting colonization and dissemination of Candida albicans from the gastrointestinal tract of mice (1987)

Male ICR Swiss mice (2 to 3 months old) were fed Candida albicans in their drinking water for 3 days, followed by no treatment, antibiotics in their drinking water (daily), or immunosuppressants given by intraperitoneal injection (two to three times weekly) over a 3- to 4-week period. The organs of animals were processed to determine the numbers of C. albicans and total aerobic bacteria per g of tissue. Untreated animals had mean Candida counts during the 1-month period of 10(2.3) CFU/g of cecum. Animals in six of eight antibiotic-treated groups had mean cecal Candida counts higher than those of control animals (P less than 0.05), with clindamycin-gentamicin producing the highest counts (10(4.7) CFU/g). Cyclophosphamide produced counts (10(4.3) CFU/g) which were higher (P less than 0.05) than those resulting from methotrexate (10(3.0) CFU/g) or steroid (10(2.7) CFU/g) treatment. Cyclophosphamide-clindamycin-gentamicin treatment was associated with the highest (P less than 0.05) levels of Candida colonization (10(6.5) CFU/g). Mice receiving immunosuppressants plus clindamycin-gentamicin were more likely to disseminate C. albicans than were mice receiving antibiotics alone (P less than 0.001). Our findings suggest that colonization of the guts of mice by C. albicans can be facilitated by manipulating the aerobic, anaerobic, or both types of gut flora. The combined effect of immunosuppressants on both Candida gut colonization and dissemination appears multifactorial and deserves further investigation.
The structure and phylogeny of a new family of human endogenous retroviruses (1996)

A novel endogenous retrovirus (ERV) designated XA34 was isolated from a human glioma cDNA library using low stringency hybridization with an ERV-9 env probe. Southern blot hybridizations with human genomic DNA revealed the presence of approximately 16 genomic copies closely related to XA34. Sequencing of a 2303 bp cDNA clone of XA34 showed that it belongs to a new ERV family. The XA34 ERV has recombined with an ERV-9-like retrovirus resulting in a truncated ERV-9-like env region that ends with an Alul-like 3' LTR. By using PCR, we isolated approximately 940 bp pol fragments from three additional members of this family, XA35, XA36 and XA37. A fifth member, XA38, was isolated and sequenced as a 4729 bp genomic clone. The genomic XA38 clone spans from pol towards the 3' flanking region. The XA38 virus contains a more cryptic env region. The XA38 env is truncated in the transmembrane region and the virus then ends with three Alu repeats. Southern blot studies with human, chimpanzee, orangutan and squirrel monkey DNA show the presence of the XA34 family in all these species. That both the New and Old World monkeys have this ERV family means that the integration and/or amplification in the primate germ-line of XA34 probably took place about 40-45 million years ago. The phylogeny and the closet relatives to ERV XA34 are discussed.
Genetic analysis of breast cancer in the cancer and steroid hormone study. (1991)

The familial risk of breast cancer is investigated in a large population-based, case-control study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. The data set is based on 4,730 histologically confirmed breast cancer cases aged 20 to 54 years and on 4,688 controls who were frequency matched to cases on the basis of both geographic region and 5-year categories of age, and it includes family histories, obtained through interviews of cases and controls, of breast cancer in mothers and sisters. Segregation analysis and goodness-of-fit tests of genetic models provide evidence for the existence of a rare autosomal dominant allele (q = .0033) leading to increased susceptibility to breast cancer. The effect of genotype on the risk of breast cancer is shown to be a function of a woman's age. Although, compared with noncarriers, carriers of the allele appear to be at greater risk at all ages, the ratio of age-specific risks is greatest at young ages and declines steadily thereafter. The proportion of cases predicted to carry the allele is highest (36%) among cases aged 20-29 years. This proportion gradually decreases to 1% among cases aged 80 years or older. The cumulative lifetime risk of breast cancer for women who carry the susceptibility allele is predicted to be high, approximately 92%, while the cumulative lifetime risk for noncarriers is estimated to be approximately 10%.
Numerical and Experimental Study on a New Separation Device for Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flows (2011)

A novel separation device is designed to separate solid particles from the high-temperature, high-pressure dusty gas based on oblique shock wave theory. Two-dimensional numerical simulations and a series of experiments of the separation of the supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow are carried out. The aim is to validate the conditions for realizing the gas dedusting and to study the performance of the separation device. It is found that the gas dedusting can be realized only when the physical interface which basically overlaps the geometrical interface are stable and the design flow velocities at the dust-carrying and dust-absorbing nozzles are close to each other. Besides, the experimental results show that 57.83%∼67.28% particles with a sauter average diameter of 9.84 µm can be separated by the experimental device. 75.73%∼80.15% particles with diameters above 8.31 µm and 96%∼100% particles with diameters above 15 µm can also be separated. Larger particles correspond to higher separation efficiency. The same conclusions are also drawn from the numerical simulation results. The study indicates that the present method for the separation of gas-solid two-phase flow is feasible and highly efficient.
Regulation of polygalacturonase gene expression during tomato fruit ripening (1987)

Changes in gene expression during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pericarp development and ripening, including the softening enzyme polygalacturonase (PG), were quantified using the normally ripening cultivar Rutgers and compared to changes exhibited in nonripening mutants (rin, nor, Nr, Gr, Long Keeper) and their heterozygotes with Rutgers. The relative predominance of many proteins and mRNAs changed during normal pericarp development and ripening, but several proteins and mRNAs were absent or reduced in homozygous rin, nor, and Nr. PG2, an isoform of PG, was purified and used for polyclonal antibody production. Biochemical characterization revealed that PG2 (1) is synthesized on bound polyribosomes as a 54 kD precursor, (2) is composed of 44 kD (PG2A) and 45 kD (PG2B) enzymatically active isoforms containing 3 to 4 kD of carbohydrate, and (3) shows a 23-fold higher Km for polygalacturonic acid of 1 kD versus 31 kD, yet only exhibits a two-fold increase in V$\sb{\rm max}$ over this range. Molecular cloning of PG was accomplished by constructing and immunoscreening a $\lambda$gt11 cDNA library representing Rutgers turning stage poly (A)$\sp+$ RNAs. PG mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity peaked at the turning, ripe, and red ripe stages of Rutgers pericarp ripening, respectively. No PG gene expression was found in Rutgers preclimacteric fruits or vegetative tissues, while expression was low (0 to 15% of normal) in pericarp from all five mutants. Maximum expression of the PG gene in pericarp from heterozygotes (rin, nor, Nr, Gr, and Long Keeper crossed with Rutgers) at the mRNA level was 25, 13, 17, 5, and 62%, at the protein level was 166, 110, 15, 6, and 104%, and at the enzyme activity level was 69, 37, 4, 1, and 50% of maximum levels found in Rutgers, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of PG mRNA accumulation and other post-transcriptional mechanisms resulting in delayed PG protein and enzyme activity accumulation were evident. While extensive restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the PG gene were observed in different Lycopersicon and Solanaceous species, no loss of or detectable rearrangements in PG gene sequences were evident in the mutants or heterozygotes.
Successful transformation of yeast mitochondria with<i>RPM1</i>: an approach for<i>in vivo</i>studies of mitochondrial RNase P RNA structure, function and biosynthesis (1995)

Mitochondrial RNase P RNA (Rpm1r) is coded by the RPM1 gene of mitochondrial DNA in many yeasts. As an initial step to developing a genetic approach to the structure and biogenesis of yeast mitochondrial RNase P, biolistic transformation has been used to introduce wild type and altered RPM1 genes into strains containing no mitochondrial DNA. The introduced wild type gene does support RNase P activity demonstrating that pre-existing RNase P activity is not necessary for the biosynthesis of the enzyme. Mutations introduced into RPM1 in vitro result in reduced accumulation of mature tRNA and in an alteration of the processing of Rpm1r in vivo.
A new method for constructing continuous distributions on the unit interval (2021)

A novel approach towards construction of absolutely continuous distributions over the unit interval is proposed. Considering two absolutely continuous random variables with positive support, this method conditions on their convolution to generate a new random variable in the unit interval. This approach is demonstrated using some popular choices of the positive random variables such as the exponential, Lindley, gamma. Some existing distributions like the uniform and the beta are formulated with this method. Several new structures of density functions having potential for future application in real life problems are also provided. One of the new distributions having one parameter is considered for parameter estimation and real life modelling application and shown to provide better fit than the popular one parameter Topp-Leone model.