gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMGT-ONTOLOGY for immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. (2004)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system(R) (http://imgt.cines.fr), is a high quality integrated knowledge resource specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and related proteins of the immune system (RPI) of human and other vertebrates, created in 1989, by the Laboratoire d'ImmunoGenetique Moleculaire LIGM. IMGT provides a common access to standardized data which include nucleotide and protein sequences, oligonucleotide primers, gene maps, genetic polymorphisms, specificities, 2D and 3D structures. IMGT consists of several sequence databases (IMGT/LIGM-DB, IMGT/MHC-DB, IMGT/PRIMER-DB), one genome database (IMGT/GENE-DB) and one three-dimensional structure database (IMGT/3Dstructure-DB), interactive tools for sequence analysis (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis, IMGT/PhyloGene, IMGT/Allele-Align), for genome analysis (IMGT/GeneSearch, IMGT/GeneView, IMGT/LocusView) and for 3D structure analysis (IMGT/StructuralQuery), and Web resources ("IMGT Marie-Paule page") comprising 8000 HTML pages. IMGT other accesses include SRS, FTP, search by BLAST, etc. By its high quality and its easy data distribution, IMGT has important implications in medical research (repertoire in autoimmune diseases, AIDS, leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas), veterinary research, genome diversity and genome evolution studies of the adaptive immune responses, biotechnology related to antibody engineering (scFv, phage displays, combinatorial libraries) and therapeutical approaches (grafts, immunotherapy). IMGT is freely available at http://imgt.cines.fr.
Competition between hydrotreating and polymerization reactions during pyrolysis oil hydrodeoxygenation (2010)

Abstract Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil is an upgrading step that allows further coprocessing of the oil product in (laboratory‐scale) standard refinery units to produce advanced biofuels. During HDO, desired hydrotreating reactions are in competition with polymerization reactions that can lead to unwanted product properties. To suppress this polymerization, a low‐temperature HDO step, referred to as stabilization, is typically used. Small batch autoclaves have been used to study at near isothermal conditions the competition between hydrotreating and polymerization reactions. Although fast polymerization reactions take place above 200°C, hydrogen consumption was already observed for temperatures as low as 80°C. Hydrogen consumption increased with temperature and reaction time; however, when the end temperature exceeded 250°C, hydrogen consumption achieved a plateau. This was thought to be caused by the occurrence of fast polymerization reactions and the refractivity of the products to further hydrotreating reactions. The effect of the gas–liquid mass transfer was evaluated by using different stirring speeds. The results of these experiments (carried out at 300°C) showed that in the first 5 min of HDO, gas–liquid mass transfer appears to be limiting the overall rate of hydrotreating reactions, leading to undesired polymerization reactions and product deterioration. Afterward, intraparticle mass transfer/kinetics seems to be governing the hydrogen consumption rate. Estimations on the degree of utilization (effectiveness factor) for industrially sized catalysts show that this is expected to be much lower than 1, at least, in the early stage of HDO (first 30 min). Catalyst particle size should, thus, be carefully considered when designing industrial processes not only to minimize reactor volume but also to improve the ratio of hydrotreating to polymerization reactions. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The Bacteriorhodopsin Chromophore Retinal and Derivatives: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Second-Order Optical Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Bacteriorhodopsin Chromophore Retinal and Derivatives: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Second-Order Optical PropertiesE. Hendrickx, K. Clays, A. Persoons, C. Dehu, and J. L. BredasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12, 3547–3555Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00117a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00117a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiphospholipid antibodies in pediatric and adult patients with rheumatic disease are associated with parvovirus B19 infection (2003)

Antiphospholipid antibodies are preferentially found in serum of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who have been previously infected with parvovirus B19 and have established, persistent infection. Adult patients with IgG aPL positivity have a high incidence of persistent parvovirus B19 infection. We conclude that parvovirus B19 might be directly involved in the elicitation of autoimmune reactions partly mediated by aPL.
Chemosensitivity Testing: A Critical Review (1991)

AbstractBilirubin fractions are measured by (1) the direct diazo reaction, (2) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), (3) direct spectrophotometry, and (4) enzymatic methods. HPLC, which effects separation and quantitation of the four bilirubin fractions, is the method of choice, but impractical for routine use. A special application of direct spectrophotometry allows the measurement of unconjugated bilirubin and the sum of bilirubin conjugates. This approach, which provides essentially the same information as HPLC, unfortunately is available only in one clinical analyzer. The direct diazo reaction measures bilirubin conjugates plus δ-bilirubin, albeit not very accurately. Direct diazo methods that measure unconjugated bilirubin as direct could obscure the clinical diagnosis. At acid pH, enzymatic methods measure all direct reacting bilirubins, while at pH 10 only conjugated bilirubins are measured. Because the measurement of conjugated bilirubins is clearly more helpful than that of direct bilirubin in the differential diagnosis of jaundice, direct diazo methods should be replaced by methods specific for bilirubin conjugates.Key Words:: chemotherapychemosensitivityassayscloningclonogenic assaysbilirubin fractionsdirect diazo reactionhigh-performance liquid chromatographydirect spectrophotometryenzymatic methodsconjugated bilirubinsdifferential diagnosis of jaundice
Predicting the composition of acidic, ionic liquids in contact with HCl gas (2005)

Abstract The acidic, chloroaluminate ionic liquid (IL) derived from the combination of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐1 H ‐imidazolium chloride (EMIM‐Cl) and aluminum chloride complex (AlCl 3 ) in contact with HCl gas was modeled using the principles of equilibrium thermodynamics of chemically reacting systems as a means to understand better the reactivity of arene formylations in these IL's. The concentration of an HCl‐chloroaluminate species, ClHAl 2 Cl that has been characterized as a super acidic Brønsted species, increases with increasing HCl partial pressure. Another chloroaluminate species Al 2 Cl , which has been characterized as a strong Lewis acid, showed concentrations that decreased with increasing HCl gas phase partial pressures. The ultimate conversion of toluene to tolualdehyde could be correlated with the sum of the predicted molar amounts of ClHAl 2 Cl and Al 2 Cl , by assuming that each ClHAl 2 Cl combined with 1 tolualdehyde and each Al 2 Cl sequestered a single tolualdehyde molecule. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Patients with Thyroid Cancer: Its Usefulness and Limitations for Evaluating Esophagopharyngeal Invasion (2002)

The diagnostic specificity and accuracy of EUS in assessing invasion into the muscularis propria (82.9 %, 82.7 %) were greater than those of MRI (60 %; P = 0.034, 65.4 %; P = 0.044) and esophagography (58.8 %; P = 0.034, 60 %; P = 0.028). The accuracy for detecting cancer invasion located in the upper part of the lobe was less than for invasion in the middle and/or lower parts of the lobe ( P = 0.020). Conclusions. EUS is useful for assessing esophagopharyngeal invasion by thyroid cancer, although its effectiveness may be limited in thyroid lesions located in the upper part of the lobe.
Calcium Binding by Synaptotagmin's C<sub>2</sub>A Domain is an Essential Element of the Electrostatic Switch That Triggers Synchronous Synaptic Transmission (2012)

Synaptotagmin is the major calcium sensor for fast synaptic transmission that requires the synchronous fusion of synaptic vesicles. Synaptotagmin contains two calcium-binding domains: C2A and C2B. Mutation of a positively charged residue (R233Q in rat) showed that Ca2+-dependent interactions between the C2A domain and membranes play a role in the electrostatic switch that initiates fusion. Surprisingly, aspartate-to-asparagine mutations in C2A that inhibit Ca2+ binding support efficient synaptic transmission, suggesting that Ca2+ binding by C2A is not required for triggering synchronous fusion. Based on a structural analysis, we generated a novel mutation of a single Ca2+-binding residue in C2A (D229E in Drosophila) that inhibited Ca2+ binding but maintained the negative charge of the pocket. This C2A aspartate-to-glutamate mutation resulted in ∼80% decrease in synchronous transmitter release and a decrease in the apparent Ca2+ affinity of release. Previous aspartate-to-asparagine mutations in C2A partially mimicked Ca2+ binding by decreasing the negative charge of the pocket. We now show that the major function of Ca2+ binding to C2A is to neutralize the negative charge of the pocket, thereby unleashing the fusion-stimulating activity of synaptotagmin. Our results demonstrate that Ca2+ binding by C2A is a critical component of the electrostatic switch that triggers synchronous fusion. Thus, Ca2+ binding by C2B is necessary and sufficient to regulate the precise timing required for coupling vesicle fusion to Ca2+ influx, but Ca2+ binding by both C2 domains is required to flip the electrostatic switch that triggers efficient synchronous synaptic transmission.
Nouvelle Méthode de Synthèse des Dérivés d'Ethano-4, 7 Polyhydroisoindoline (1962)

Nous avons confirmé qu'il y a de quelques moyens d'obtenir de l'éthano-4, 7 polyhydro substituée-2 isoindoline, à partir de l'éthano-4, 7 tetrahydro-3a, 4, 7, 7a isoindolinedione-1, 3. Les methodes de la synthàse se constituent d'une série de combinaisons de l'alcoylation en position-2, de la hydrogénation d'un groupe insature, et de l'élimination de deux oxygànes des imides.
Digital PCR: A brief history (2014)

Digital PCR for quantification of a target of interest has been independently developed several times, being described in 1990 and 1991 using the term "limiting dilution PCR" and in 1999 using the term "digital PCR". It came into use in the decade following its first development but its use was cut short by the description of real-time PCR in 1996. However digital PCR has now had a renaissance due to the recent development of new instruments and chemistry which have made it a much simpler and more practical technique.
Power scalable descrambling methods for bit-interleaved TDM networks (2013)

A broadcast network in which a sender transmits to several receivers, each receiving different data, is considered. A time division multiplexing scheme based on bit-interleaving, where each receiver is given an allocation of bit positions occurring in periodic intervals within the frame, is assumed. In previous work, bit-interleaving was shown to yield 30× power savings. However, to enable bit-interleaving, a descrambler design capable of operating on the downsampled data corresponding to the receiver's allocation is required. Several efficient methods are presented to accomplish this task both for fixed and variable allocations to the receivers. The proposed methods can be used to implement a power-scalable, low complexity, and low cost descrambler that operates at the receiver's data rate, which is typically far lower than the total transmission rate.
Effects of Clonidine on Narcotic Requirements and Hemodynamic Response during Induction of Fentanyl Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation (1986)

The effects of clonidine, a centrally acting alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, on depth of fentanyl anesthesia and on cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation were studied. Twenty-four patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS) with a history of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (NYHA class 3-4), and well-preserved left ventricular function were assigned randomly to either Group 1 (n = 12), who received standard premedication, or Group 2 (n = 12), who received clonidine 5 micrograms X kg-1 po in addition to standard premedication 90 min before estimated induction time. Depth of anesthesia was assessed by on-line aperiodic computerized analysis of the electroencephalogram (Lifescan EEG Monitor). Fentanyl was administered in 250-micrograms increments to shift the EEG to the 0.5-3-Hz frequency range (delta activity) in all subjects. In both groups, the anesthetic regimen effectively prevented hyperdynamic cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. No significant differences in measured or derived hemodynamic variables were observed between the two groups during the awake control period, except for stroke volume index (SVI), which was significantly greater in Group 1, 44 +/- 9 ml X beat-1 X m-2 compared with Group 2, 35 +/- 3.3 ml X beat-1 X m-2 (P less than 0.05). By contrast, fentanyl requirements in Group 2 were significantly reduced by 45% when compared with Group 1, i.e., from 110 +/- 23 to 61 +/- 19 micrograms X kg-1 (P less than 0.001). The authors conclude that at a similar anesthetic depth, as assessed by the EEG shift into the lower frequency range (0.5-3 Hz), a markedly reduced fentanyl dose effectively prevented the hyperdynamic cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation in the group of patients premedicated with clonidine. This is likely explained by the known synergistic inhibitory action of opiates and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists on central sympathetic outflow.
Stereo person tracking with short and long term plan-view appearance models of shape and color (2006)

In prior work, we introduced adaptive plan-view height and occupancy templates, derived from stereo camera data, for person tracking and activity recognition. These templates efficiently capture current details of each tracked person's body pose, thereby enabling good tracking performance even when multiple people occlude and interact with each other. However, the templates ignore useful color information, and their rapid evolution makes them poorly suited for recognizing the same person at well-separated times. In this paper, we seek to remedy both of these shortcomings, by 1) adding novel plan-view color templates to our short-term, template-based models of person appearance, and 2) augmenting our person descriptions with longer-term models that describe invariants of each person's shape and color. We demonstrate how each of these improves our real-time tracking performance on challenging, multi-person sequences.
Understanding action recognition in still images (2020)

Action recognition in still images is closely related to various other computer vision tasks such as pose estimation, object recognition, image retrieval, video action recognition and frame tagging in videos. This problem is focused on recognizing a person's action or behavior using a single frame. Unlike action recognition in videos - a relatively very well established area of research where spatio-temporal features are used, these are not available for still images, making the problem more challenging. In the present work only actions that involve objects are considered. A complex action is broken down into components based on semantics. The importance of each of these components in action recognition is systematically studied.
Efficient bulk insertion into a distributed ordered table (2008)

We study the problem of bulk-inserting records into tables in a system that horizontally range-partitions data over a large cluster of shared-nothing machines. Each table partition contains a contiguous portion of the table's key range, and must accept all records inserted into that range. Examples of such systems include BigTable[8] at Google, and PNUTS [15] at Yahoo! During bulk inserts into an existing table, if most of the inserted records end up going into a small number of data partitions, the obtained throughput may be very poor due to ineffective use of cluster parallelism. We propose a novel approach in which a planning phase is invoked before the actual insertions. By creating new partitions and intelligently distributing partitions across machines, the planning phase ensures that the insertion load will be well-balanced. Since there is a tradeoff between the cost of moving partitions and the resulting throughput gain, the planning phase must minimize the sum of partition movement time and insertion time. We show that this problem is a variation of NP-hard bin-packing, reduce it to a problem of packing vectors, and then give a solution with provable approximation guarantees. We evaluate our approach on a prototype system deployed on a cluster of 50 machines, and show that it yields significant improvements over more naïve techniques.
Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection (2010)

Cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong latent infection following primary infection that can periodically reactivate with shedding of infectious virus. Primary infection, reactivation and reinfection during pregnancy can all lead to in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV infections are a major cause of permanent hearing loss and neurological impairment. In this literature review, we found that CMV infection was relatively common among women of reproductive age, with seroprevalence ranging from 45 to 100%. CMV seroprevalence tended to be highest in South America, Africa and Asia and lowest in Western Europe and United States. Within the United States, CMV seroprevalence showed substantial geographic variation as well, differing by as much as 30 percentage points between states, though differences might be explained by variation in the types of populations sampled. Worldwide, seroprevalence among non-whites tended to be 20-30 percentage points higher than that of whites (summary prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-1.61). Females generally had higher seroprevalences than males, although in most studies the differences were small (summary PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11-1.14). Persons of lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be CMV seropositive (summary PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.32-1.35). Despite high seroprevalences in some populations, a substantial percentage of women of reproductive age are CMV seronegative and thus at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Future vaccine or educational campaigns to prevent primary infection in pregnant women may need to be tailored to suit the needs of different populations.
Technologies for reliable autonomous control (TRAC) of UAVs (2002)

A means for enabling UAVs (unmanned air vehicles) to achieve and eventually exceed the capabilities of a human pilot must be developed before UAVs can achieve their potential. The safety, reliability, and capability exhibited by UAVs require an enormous amount of improvement to match that of manned aircraft. An approach towards achieving this goal is presented. The approach is centered on the concept of the "active state." Active state provides a framework for an air vehicle to acquire information about itself (e.g. dynamic states, subsystem data, etc.) and it's operational environment (e.g. weather, terrain, air traffic, targets, threats, etc.), analyze the data for pertinent information (subsystem health status, system resources such as fuel, weather hazards, traffic conflicts, etc.), and produce rational decisions resulting in robust, successful, and safe pursuit of mission goals.
Donepezil Treatment of Patients with Severe Alzheimer’s Disease in a Japanese Population: Results from a 24-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial (2008)

This study confirmed the effectiveness of donepezil 10 mg/day in patients with severe AD and demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship. Donepezil at dosages of both 5 mg/day and 10 mg/day is safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with severe AD.
Darstellung und <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung von β‐substituierten Äthylen‐phosphonsäure‐diäthylestern (1974)

Abstract Methan‐bis‐(phosphonsäure‐diäthylester) reagiert mit Aldehyden in Gegenwart der äquimolaren Menge Kalium‐tert.‐butylat zu 2‐substituierten Äthylen‐1‐phosphonsäure‐diäthylestern in präparativem Maßstab. Durch Analyse der Signalfolge für die Vinylprotonen im 1 H‐NMR‐Spektrum wird die trans‐Konfiguration der isolierten Äthylen‐phosphonsäure‐ester sichergestellt. Für die Selektion cis‐ oder trans‐Konfiguration der Reaktionsprodukte wird eine sterische Hinderung im Übergangszustand des zweiten Reaktionsschrittes als entscheidend angesehen.
Trials of Influenza A/New Jersey/76 Virus Vaccine in Normal Children: An Overview of Age-Related Antigenicity and Reactogenicity (1977)

The total multicenter data from trials with inactivated monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine in 2,326 normal children were collected and summarized at Vanderbilt University (Nashville, Tenn.). These combined data provided the best measure of the relative antigenicity and reactogenicity of each manufacturer's vaccine. Children younger than 10 years of age were shown to have vaccine-associated reactions to doses of whole-virus vaccine containing as little as 50 chick cell-agglutinating units. Split-virus vaccines were well tolerated in doses eight times as high. No vaccine was satisfactorily antigenic in a single dose. A two-dose regimen of split-virus vaccine was antigenic, and this regimen was not associated with acute reactions.
Towards autoconfiguration of industrial automation systems: A case study using Profinet IO (2012)

Nowadays the deployment and commissioning of complex production processes or Internet-enabled applications interacting with production systems requires a time consuming and error-prone manual system configuration process. This is due to the need to maintain a high level of determinism, safety, and security of the production process itself and avoiding both safety-critical failures and costly production interruptions. The project “IoT@Work - Internet of Things at Work” aims at delivering tools and runtime mechanisms to significantly simplify commissioning, operating, and maintaining complex production processes, thus enabling Plug-and-Produce for automation systems. This paper presents a novel approach for the autoconfiguration of real-time Ethernet systems, and all relevant mechanisms. A case study, based on Profinet IO, evaluates the approach and shows its feasibility.