gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition and activity of commercial triacylglycerol acylhydrolase preparations (2001)

Abstract Commercial lipase preparations were surveyed to determine gross composition, amounts of nonprotein impurities, and esterolytic and lipolytic activities. Most of the 34 commercial lipase preparations contained more than 80% non‐proteinaceous material, with salt and carbohydrate being the most abundant materials. The tributyrin hydrolase activity of these commercial lipase preparations was determined and expressed as lipase/esterase forestomach units (LFU). Tributyrin hydrolase activity ranged from negligible (5.3 LFU/g) to very high (>1000,000 LFU/g). Aspergillus and Penicillium preparations were low in tributyrin hydrolase activity. Candida rugosa preparations were intermediate in activity. Preparations of porcine pancreas, Rhizomucor, Pseudomonas , and Rhizopus lipases exhibited a broad range of levels of activity. No relation between protein content and tributyrin hydrolase activity was observed. Isoelectric focusing of the proteins present in the preparations demonstrated the presence of between 2 and 27 isophoretically discrete bands in the isoelectric range of 3 to 9. Although there were many similarities of distribution of protein isoelectric points within genera and spcies, the preparations generally displayed unique patterns of isophoretically discrete protein bands. Lipase zymography demonstrated the presence of 0 to 7 isophoretically discrete lipase activities in each preparation, spanning the entire range of isoelectric points surveyed.
α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> Integrin Expression in Normal and Atherosclerotic Artery (1995)

Recent evidence suggests that alpha v beta 3 integrin is a critical molecule in several processes involved in atherosclerosis progression and in restenosis, eg, smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and angiogenesis. While several ligands for this integrin are known to be present in atherosclerotic plaque, little is known about the presence of alpha v beta 3 integrin at this site. In the present study, we have examined alpha v beta 3 expression in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Thirty-six coronary artery segments from the recipient hearts of 24 patients undergoing heart transplantation were classified into two groups: nonatherosclerotic diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) and atherosclerotic plaques. Serial frozen sections were examined immunohistochemically with four different monoclonal antibodies directed against human alpha v beta 3 complex or the beta 3 subunit and with cell markers for SMCs, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The endothelium along the lumen of both DIT and plaque arteries showed high expression of alpha v beta 3. The media of both DIT and plaque arteries showed less intense but extensive expression of alpha v beta 3. Immunoprecipitation and reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses performed on extracts from the aortic media confirmed the presence of alpha v beta 3 in the media. In the intima of both DIT and plaque arteries, alpha v beta 3 expression generally colocalized with SMCs but rarely with macrophages. The microvessels in the adventitia as well as in the plaque showed prominent expression of alpha v beta 3, in contrast to low expression in similar-sized microvessels of the skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of antibodies to choriogonadotropin in malignant growth: I. Rat 3230 AC mammary adenocarcinoma (1982)

To determine whether the in vivo production of antibodies against choriogonadotropin (CG) could modify the relationship between host and malignant growth, the effects of preimmunization with a conjugate of the beta-subunit of CG and tetanus toxoid (CG beta-tt) on the development and growth of lung metastasis following I.V. injection of R 3230 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells into Fischer 344 female rats have been investigated. This neoplasm has been previously demonstrated to synthesize CG-like material. A test group of 70 animals and two matched control groups of 15 animals each were used. One of the control groups was untreated and the other received tetanus toxoid only. All the control animals had multiple lung foci of neoplastic cells ten days after seeding, as has been previously observed, and CG antibodies were undetectable. In contrast, a significant titer of anti-CG was found in all preimmunized animals. At the same time, the pretreated animals rarely had a few small neoplastic nodes in the entire lung sections at the standard 8--10 days post-seeding. The protective effects of preimmunization with CG beta-tt were further demonstrated by the animals living 20 days post-seeding, the absence of lung pathology in the ones killed thereafter, and by six animals that were left alive and have not shown any deterioration for more than six months after the administration of the cell suspension.
Interface-Induced Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Hydrogenated Epitaxial Graphene (2013)

We show ferromagnetic properties of hydrogen-functionalized epitaxial graphene on SiC. Ferromagnetism in such a material is not directly evident as it is inherently composed of only nonmagnetic constituents. Our results nevertheless show strong ferromagnetism with a saturation of 0.9μ(B)/hexagon projected area, which cannot be explained by simple magnetic impurities. The ferromagnetism is unique to hydrogenated epitaxial graphene on SiC, where interactions with the interfacial buffer layer play a crucial role. We argue that the origin of the observed ferromagnetism is governed by electron correlation effects of the narrow Si dangling bond states in the buffer layer exchange coupled to localized states in the hydrogenated graphene layer. This forms a quasi-three-dimensional ferromagnet with a Curie temperature higher than 300 K.
Acaricides on apples and pears: Tentative ratings of II acaricides given for spider mite control in northern California for 1953 season (1953)

Season to season variance in the effectiveness of new chemicals—used as acaricides for spider mite control on apples and pears in northern California—makes it necessary that only tentative toxicity ratings of the acaricides be listed following each season's field investigations.
Prolonged tumor dormancy by prevention of neovascularization in the vitreous. (1976)

Tumors release a diffusible substance that stimulates neovascularization. To study the neovascularization that occurs in diabetic retinopathy, we implanted V2 carcinomas and mouse ependymoblastomas into the vitreous of experimental animals. In the vitreous, unlike previous sites, the tumors failed to stimulate neovascularization. They grew for weeks as small, unvascularized, three-dimensional aggregates of cells. Explosive growth into a large, vascularized mass occurred when the avascular tumors reached the retinal surface. The vitreous proved to be a valuable model for observing the in vivo growth of small, solid tumors. Xenografts survived for months without evidence of immune rejection. The consequence of the prolonged avascular state is the restriction of tumor size. The normal vitreous may act to inhibit capillary proliferation. An understanding of the mechanism for maintaining the avascular state may lead to therapeutic blockade of neovascularization. This would be important in the management of diabetic retinopathy and neoplasia.
<title>Color image segmentation considering human sensitivity for color pattern variations</title> (2001)

Color image segmentation plays an important role in the computer vision and image processing area. In this paper, we propose a novel color image segmentation algorithm in consideration of human visual sensitivity for color pattern variations by generalizing K-means clustering. Human visual system has different color perception sensitivity according to the spatial color pattern variation. To reflect this effect, we define the CCM (Color Complexity Measure) by calculating the absolute deviation with Gaussian weighting within the local mask and assign weight value to each color vector using the CCM values.
Purchase-driven Classification for Improved Forecasting in Spare Parts Inventory Replenishment (2010)

Performance of inventory management depends on the accuracy of demand forecasting. There are many techniques used for forecasting demand in retail sale. Advances in data mining application systems have given rise to the use of business intelligence in various domains of retailing. The current research captures the knowledge of classification of the customers using the purchase-based data of customers for improved forecasting. The model developed in this work suggests a technique for forecasting of demands which results in improved performance of inventory. The suggested forecasting model with the inventory replenishment system results in the reduction of inventory level and increase in customer service level. Moreover, the model makes use of purchase driven information instead of customers" demographic profile or other personal data for developing the decision tree for forecasting.
Novel role of hematopoietic stem cells in immunologic rejection of malignant gliomas (2015)

Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) after lymphodepletive conditioning can induce dramatic clinical responses, but this approach has been largely limited to melanoma due to a lack of reliable methods for expanding tumor-specific lymphocytes from the majority of other solid cancers. We have employed tumor RNA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) to reliably expand CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> tumor-reactive T lymphocytes for curative ACT in a highly-invasive, chemotherapy- and radiation-resistant malignant glioma model. Curative treatment of established intracranial tumors involved a synergistic interaction between myeloablative (MA) conditioning, adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells, and tumor RNA-pulsed DC vaccines. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), administered for salvage from MA conditioning, rapidly migrated to areas of intracranial tumor growth and facilitated the recruitment of tumor-specific lymphocytes through HSC-elaborated chemokines and enhanced immunologic rejection of intracranial tumors during ACT. Furthermore, HSC transplant under non-myeloablative (NMA) conditions also enhanced immunologic tumor rejection, indicating a novel role for the use of HSCs in the immunologic treatment of malignant gliomas and possibly other solid tumors.
A knowledge-based system for biomedical image processing and recognition (1987)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a rule-based system named IBIS (Interpretation of Biomedical Images of the Slice type), which, starting from conventional image processing, can recognize slices and locate automatically their principal anatomical organs in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of the head. The main aspects of the system are: knowledge representation, with 3-D and 2-D aspects for anatomical description; error recovery and conflict resolution facilities at different backtracking levels; and a general system structure easy to extend to other application fields. Production rules are employed in order to define the criteria for deciding what action is to be performed on the basis of the current problem status. However, in order to obtain a more explicit and appropriate representation, anatomical knowledge has not been spread throughout the production rules, but it has been incorporated into an extended semantic network that well represents relational properties. The control structure consults production rules and, according to their content, activates the various processing procedures in order to attain the recognition goal. A strategy is applied that can be driven by data or models, depending on the processing phase and on progressive results. Applications of the system to different patients and slices are described and discussed. The importance of the paper lies basically in the methodological approach to image processing and interpretation, and in possible interesting applications to the medical field.
Abstract 1407: FPA144, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting the FGFR2b receptor, promotes antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and stimulates sensitivity to PD-1 in the 4T1 syngeneic tumor model (2016)

Abstract Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. has developed an FGFR2b-specific humanized monoclonal antibody, FPA144, to treat patients with cancer bearing overexpression of the FGFR2b receptor, and is currently in clinical trials as a single agent for gastric cancer (NCT02318329). FGFR2 gene amplification and FGFR2b overexpression occur in approximately 5% of gastric cancers and are associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In addition to blocking ligand binding and inducing FGFR2b internalization, FPA144 is glycoengineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We have shown previously that FPA144 can produce complete and durable tumor growth inhibition in FGFR2b-over-expressing and FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer xenografts in immune-compromised mice (Gemo et al., Poster 5446, AACR 2014). In order to understand the contribution of the immune system to the mechanisms of action of FPA144, we evaluated the anti-tumor effects and immune cell recruitment of FPA144 in the 4T1 model of cancer in immune-competent mice. Although this model expresses FGFR2b, it is not FGFR2 amplified. Therapeutic treatment with FPA144 in the orthotopic 4T1 model resulted in a reduction in tumor burden (33%, P&lt;0.001) and concomitant recruitment of NK cells to the site of tumor implantation, while a modified antibody lacking Fc effector function neither inhibited tumor growth nor lead to the recruitment of NK cells. Together these data support a potential role for ADCC as a mechanism of FPA144 tumor growth inhibition. In addition, treatment with FPA144 increased PD-L1 expressing cells within the tumor microenvironment, providing a strong rationale that FPA144 may combine effectively with PD-1 blockade for additional tumor growth inhibition. PD-1 blockade by the RPM1-14 antibody did not inhibit tumor growth as a single agent in the 4T1 model. Treatment with RPM1-14 in combination with FPA144, however, inhibited tumor growth by 49% (P&lt;0.001), demonstrating an additive benefit of combination therapy. Overall, these data suggest that the enhanced ADCC activity of FPA144 may be critical for anti-tumor efficacy in tumors that have modest expression of FGFR2b. In addition, FPA144 may reprogram the tumor micro-environment in a way that primes the tumor for additional anti-tumor activity when combined with PD-1 blockade. Citation Format: Janine Powers, Servando Palencia, Susan Foy, Barbara Sennino, Toni Rose Hidalgo, Abigael Gemo, Thomas Brennan, Kisten Pierce. FPA144, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting the FGFR2b receptor, promotes antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and stimulates sensitivity to PD-1 in the 4T1 syngeneic tumor model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1407.
Entropy-based measures for clustering and SOM topology preservation applied to content-based image indexing and retrieval (2004)

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) addresses the problem of finding images relevant to the users' information needs, based principally on low-level visual features for which automatic extraction methods are available. For the development of CBIR applications, an important issue is to have efficient and objective performance assessment methods for different features and techniques. In this paper, we study the efficiency of clustering methods for image indexing with entropy-based measures. Furthermore, the self-organizing map (SOM) as an indexing method is discussed further and an analysis method that takes into account also the spatial configuration of the data on the SOM is presented. The proposed methods enable computationally light measurement of indexing and retrieval performance for individual image features.
Global Trends and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Incidence, Detection, and Mortality as Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Location (2018)

Although research has reported that prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates are among the highest for African Americans, the data is inconclusive regarding PCa rates in native African men, Black men residing in other countries, and men in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Data reveals that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and disease incidence have risen significantly in developing and Asian countries, and PCa has become one of the leading male cancers in many of those nations. The objective of this study was to review published peer-reviewed studies that address PCa in different regions of the world to get a better understanding of how PCa incidence, prevalence, detection, and mortality are influenced by race, ethnicity, and geography. A secondary goal was to compare PCa data from various world regions to contextualize how disproportionate the incidence and mortality rates are among men from the African diaspora versus men of European, Hispanic, and Asian descent, as well as to highlight the need for more robust screening and treatment guidelines in developing countries. There are differences in incidence and mortality rates between men of African, Asian, Hispanic, and European ancestry, confirming the involvement of genetic factors. However, differences between men of the same race and ethnicity who live in different countries suggest that environmental factors may also be implicated. Availability and access to diagnostic and health-care services as well as recommendations regarding PCa testing vary from country to country and contribute to the variability in incidence and mortality rates.
Annual Sea State Occurrences around the Korean Peninsula (2003)

A table of annual sea state occurrences is prepared based on the significant wave heights and modal periods, two parameters representing a Bretschneider wave spectrum. Measurements of them were done by the Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) at 67points around the Korean peninsula for 22 years. Also the average values of parameters over 4 regions and 4 seasons were derived. Comparative seakeeping calculations using wave parameters prevalent around Korea and those of the North Pacific at sea state numbers 3, 4, and 5 respectively, show some differences in the assessed seakeeping performance.
Signaling Networks Associated with BCR–ABL–Dependent Transformation (2009)

The effectiveness of BCR-ABL-dependent transformation of hematopoietic stem cells is due not to a single pathway but rather to the culmination of a network of signaling pathways.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Simplified Determination of Imidazolinone Herbicides in Soil at the ppb Level (1996)

The imidazolinones are a significant new class of low-use-rate, reduced-environmental-risk herbicides for protection of a wide variety of agricultural commodities. Because of their low rates of application, residues of the imidazolinones in soil need to be monitored at the low ppb level. Current methodology for this purpose involves an exhaustive base extraction followed by a laborious, time-consuming cleanup procedure to permit analysis at the 5 ppb level. Using imazethapyr, the most widely utilized member of the class, as a representative, we have achieved not only a limit of quantitation of 1 ppb but also a greatly simplified cleanup procedure by combining microwave-assisted extraction technology with gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. On a variety of soil types covering a fortification range of 1−50 ppb, an average recovery of 92% with a standard deviation of 13% was achieved. Control soil extracts gave apparent residues of <0.2 ppb. Sample preparation time per sample was reduced from 2 h to 10 min.
Hypoxia-Induced Deregulation of miR-126 and Its Regulative Effect on VEGF and MMP-9 Expression (2014)

miR-126 is down-regulated under hypoxic condition both in vitro and in vivo and may halt the hypoxia-induce neovascularization by suspending the cell cycle progression and inhibiting the expression of VEGF and MMP-9.
SiO2 layer effect on atomic layer deposition Al2O3-based resistive switching memory (2019)

In this letter, we demonstrated improved resistive switching (RS) characteristics for a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible Ni/Ti/Al2O3/SiO2/Si device structure. The robust SiO2 layer deposited by the additional low-pressure chemical vapor deposition process can improve the RS characteristics such as the endurance cycle, current level, and on/off ratio. Moreover, the multilevel capability is enhanced in the bilayer structure; the larger the reset stop voltage, the greater the on/off ratio demonstrated. Furthermore, for practical RS operation, several resistance states were obtained by adjusting the pulse amplitude. This property is desirable for highly integrated nonvolatile memory applications.
Network Security Issues in The Internet of Things (IoT) (2016)

This paper surveys a broad range of other research works in order to discuss network security issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). We begin with setting the scene generally with an outline of IoT, followed by a discussion of IoT layer models and topologies. After this, IoT standardization efforts and protocols are analysed, before we discuss in depth vulnerabilities, attacks and mitigations with regard IoT. It is concluded that ample research and narrative exists for protocols and vulnerabilities but less on mitigations, particularly with regard Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for IoT, and resource constraints on devices are a considerable obstacle in strengthening security.
Adaptive scheduling server for power-aware real-time tasks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling framework for a dynamic real-time environment with energy constraints. This framework dynamically adjusts the CPU voltage/frequency so that no task in the system misses its deadline and the total energy savings of the system are maximized. In this paper, we consider only realistic, discrete-level speeds.Each task in the system consumes a certain amount of energy, which depends on a speed chosen for execution. The process of selecting speeds for execution while maximizing the energy savings of the system requires the exploration of a large number of combinations, which is too time consuming to be computed online. Thus, we propose an integrated heuristic methodology, which executes an optimization procedure in a low computation time. This scheme allows the scheduler to handle power-aware real-time tasks with low cost while maximizing the use of the available resources and without jeopardizing the temporal constraints of the system. Simulation results show that our heuristic methodology is able to generate power-aware scheduling solutions with near-optimal performance.