gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"Why We Do This Is Important": An Inner- City Girl's Attitudes Toward Reading and Writing in the Classroom (2000)

This qualitative case study explored an inner-city girl's views on school-based literacy activities in relation to several factors identified in the literature as important to children's attitudes toward reading and writing. They include: intrinsic satisfaction the child gains from the activities, the child's beliefs about the importance of schooling, and her relationship with her teacher. The author/researcher's purpose was to further understanding about ways to enhance children's attitudes toward reading and writing.
GaAs HBT MMIC broadband amplifiers from DC to 20 GHz (2002)

Three monolithic wideband and high-gain amplifiers implemented with 2-3- mu m GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) monolithic microwave IC (MMIC) technology are presented. A single-stage direct-coupled amplifier achieves a 3-dB bandwidth from DC to 20 GHz, which is believed to be the widest bandwidth reported for direct-coupled amplifiers. The amplifier has a 6-dB nominal gain with a peak gain of 7.3 dB at 10 GHz. The 1-dB compression is 10 dBm at midband, and the noise figure is between 7 and 10 dB over the bandwidth. A two-stage version of this amplifier achieves 14.5-dB gain up to 12 GHz. Its output power and noise performance are comparable to the single-stage version. The third wideband amplifier design is based on passive component and microstrip matching circuitry. The matched amplifier has 14.5-dB nominal gain with a 3-dB bandwidth from 5 to 12 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase calibration of spatially nonuniform spatial light modulators (2004)

A new 512 x 512 pixel phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) has been found to deviate from being flat by several wavelengths. Also, the retardation of the SLM relative to voltage varies across the device by as much as 0.25 wavelength. The birefringence of each pixel as a function of address voltage is measured from the intensity of the SLM between crossed polarizers. To these responses are added a reference spatial phase measured by phase shifting interferometry for a single address voltage. Fits to the measured data facilitate the compensation of the SLM to a root-mean-square wave-front error of 0.06 wavelength. The application of these corrections to flatten the full aperture of the SLM sharpens the focal plane spot and reduces the distortion of computer-designed diffraction patterns.
Cloning, characterization, and functional expression in Escherichia coli of chaperonin (groESL) genes from the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum (1993)

A recombinant lambda phage which was able to propagate in groE mutants of Escherichia coli was isolated from a Chromatium vinosum genomic DNA library. A 4-kbp SalI DNA fragment, isolated from this phage and subcloned in plasmid vectors, carried the C. vinosum genes that allowed lambda growth in these mutants. Sequencing of this fragment indicated the presence of two open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 97 and 544 amino acids, respectively, which showed high similarity to the molecular chaperones GroES and GroEL, respectively, from several eubacteria and eukaryotic organelles. Expression of the cloned C. vinosum groESL genes in E. coli was greatly enhanced when the cells were transferred to growth temperatures that induce the heat shock response in this host. Coexpression in E. coli of C. vinosum groESL genes and the cloned ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes from different phototrophic bacteria resulted in an enhanced assembly of the latter enzymes. These results indicate that the cloned DNA fragment encodes C. vinosum chaperonins, which serve in the assembly process of oligomeric proteins. Phylogenic analysis indicates a close relationship between C. vinosum chaperonins and their homologs present in pathogenic species of the gamma subdivision of the eubacterial division Proteobacteria.
Guided wave thickness measurement with EMATs (2003)

Guided waves can be used for the thickness measurement of a stainless steel vessel. Commonly used piezoelectric transducers for guided wave generation are often not suitable because of potential couplant contamination. Therefore, a non-contact electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) was used in this study for non-contact measurement. A sample stainless plate with four different thicknesses was made for the study. A direct and an indirect measurement method based on the relationship between the peak frequency shift and the thickness change were developed. Great accuracy for the thickness measurement was realised.
Three extraction methods for determination of lipids in fish meal: Evaluation of a hexane/isopropanol method as an alternative to chloroform‐based methods (1993)

Abstract Three different extraction methods were compared for the determination of lipids in both oxidised and antioxidant‐stabilised brown fish meal. The three methods under investigation were those of Smith‐Ambrose‐Knobl using chloroform/methanol/water, Bligh and Dyer also using chloroform/methanol/water but monophasic, and Hara and Radin using hexane/isopropanol. The fat content, determined gravimetrically, was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) when hexane/isopropanol was used for lipid extraction from both oxidised and antioxidant‐stabilised fish meal, than when either of the chloroform systems was used. Determination of lipid classes in the lipid extracts using silica gel thin‐layer chromatography on Chromarods‐SIII, with flame ionisation detection by latroscan, suggested that the lower lipid recovery by the hexane/isopropanol method may be due to a less effective extraction of the more polar lipid classes. including oxidation products, present in brown fish meal.
Up-regulation of ICAM-1, CD11a/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 on human THP-1 monocytes stimulated by<i>Streptococcus suis</i>serotype 2 (2003)

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to be a major pathogen of swine, causing mainly meningitis. It is also a zoonotic agent leading predominantly to meningitis in humans working in close contact with pigs. In this study, we investigated the ability of S. suis to up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules involved in inflammation, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. S. suis serotype 2 stimulated the up-regulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), CD11a/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 on human THP-1 monocytes, but did not change that of ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1, CD106) and E-selectin (CD62E) on human endothelial cells. The up-regulation of adhesion molecules was time- and bacterial concentration-dependent, and cell wall components were largely responsible for such stimulation. To a lesser extent, purified haemolysin of S. suis also stimulated adhesion molecule expression. Stimulation of monocytes with strains of different origin showed that there was no clear tendency for human strains to induce a higher expression of adhesion molecules than strains from diseased pigs. Finally, monocytes stimulated with S. suis also showed an increase in adherence to endothelial cells. Hence, S. suis is capable of up-regulating important adhesion molecules involved in inflammation, which may result in an increased leucocyte recruitment into sites of infection, thus providing a possible mechanism for some of the inflammatory features of meningitis caused by this pathogen.
Mutations in the <i>HSP27</i> ( <i>HSPB1</i> ) gene cause dominant, recessive, and sporadic distal HMN/CMT type 2 (2008)

This extends the clinical and electrophysiologic spectrum of HSPB1 mutations and identifies four unreported dominant HSPB1 mutations and the first family where the HSPB1 mutation acts in a recessive way to cause distal HMN.
Deformation behavior of thermoplastic elastomer specimens: Observation of the strain behavior in a wide range of tensile speeds (2018)

During the tensile testing of thermoplastic elastomers it is difficult to obtain true stress–strain curves because of necking phenomenon. Thus, we conducted a high‐speed tensile testing of Thermoplastic polyester elastomer's (TPC) notched specimens with strain measurement using digital correlation and reported the true stress–strain relations under various tensile speeds in this study. Because notched specimens enable control necking position, TPCs vary depending on the composition and composition ratio of the basic composition of the hard and soft segments. TPCs with two different hardness values (D52 and D57; ASTM D2240) were investigated. In typical TPCs using in this study, the hard and soft segments are composed of a polybutylene terephthalate chain and a polytetramethylene glycol chain, respectively. Because the strain rate and yield stress relationship are known to strongly influence the internal structure of TPCs, the relaxation time behavior depends TPCs' internal structure. In this study, we investigated the strain speed dependence in a TPCs. From the results, we could discuss quantitatively about influence on mechanical properties by changes in the internal structure depended on hard segment and soft segment in necking. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E151–E157, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
On introducing noise into the bus-contention channel (2002)

We explore two approaches to introducing noise into the buscontention channel: an existing approach called fuzzy time, and a novel approach called probabilistic partitioning.We compare the two approaches in terms of the impact on covert channel capacity, the impact on performance, the amount of random data needed, and their suitability for various applications.For probabilistic partitioning, we obtain a precise tradeoff between covert channel capacity and performance.'Actually, this discussion is slightly simplified froin Hu's work.To address all types of clocks, Hu introduces "upticks" (which are used for notification of incoming events) and "downticks" (which are used for notification of outgoing events).However, for the present discussion it is sufficient to consider a single fuzzy reference clock.VAX is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Extended depth of focus adaptive optics spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2012)

We present an adaptive optics spectral domain optical coherence tomography (AO-SDOCT) with a long focal range by active phase modulation of the pupil. A long focal range is achieved by introducing AO-controlled third-order spherical aberration (SA). The property of SA and its effects on focal range are investigated in detail using the Huygens-Fresnel principle, beam profile measurement and OCT imaging of a phantom. The results indicate that the focal range is extended by applying SA, and the direction of extension can be controlled by the sign of applied SA. Finally, we demonstrated in vivo human retinal imaging by altering the applied SA.
Stress-Strain Response of Fabrics Under Two-Dimensional Loading (1959)

The general philosophy of biaxial testing is discussed and several criteria estab lished for the performance of such tests. Existing testers have been evaluated in the light of these criteria and shortcomings pointed out. A tester developed in 1952 and embodying the more important principles is described, and some selected results are presented to indicate the possible scope of operation. Subsequent publications will be concerned with analysis of data on mechanical fabrics.
Neural Network Coding (2020)

In this paper we introduce Neural Network Coding (NNC), a data-driven approach to joint source and network coding. In NNC, the encoders at each source and intermediate node, as well as the decoder at each destination node, are neural networks which are all trained jointly for the task of communicating correlated sources through a network of noisy point-to-point links. The NNC scheme is application-specific and makes use of a training set of data, instead of making assumptions on the source statistics. In addition, it can adapt to any arbitrary network topology and power constraint. We show empirically that, for the task of transmitting MNIST images over a network, the NNC scheme shows improvement over baseline schemes, especially in the low-SNR regime.
Estimating clamping pressure distribution and stiffness in aircraft bolted joints by finite-element analysis (2009)

In this study, a finite-element (FE) stress analysis of aircraft structural double-lap bolted joints was performed using the commercially available computational package ANSYS in order to obtain the clamping pressure distribution and to estimate the stiffness of the joined plates (members) within the clamped region. The joint consists of three aluminium alloy 7075-T6 plates clamped by a single bolt, washer, and nut. A three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the joint was generated, and then subjected to three different simulated clamping forces. 3D surface-to-surface contact elements were employed to model the contact between the various components of the bolted joint. The model included friction between all contacting surfaces, and also a clearance between the bolt shank and the joint hole. FE results revealed an overall crock-shaped pressure distribution at the joined plates. Moreover, some beneficial longitudinal compressive stresses were observed around the fastener hole as a result of the clamping compressive effect.
Design and Implementation of the Management Agent for Mobile Devices based on OMA DM (2008)

이동 단말기들은 이동통신 서비스의 발달과 더불어 다양한 멀티미디어 기능을 포함하는 컨버젼스 단말기로 진화하고 있으며, 사용자들로 하여금 다양한 서비스를 원활히 이용할 수 있도록 고성능화되어 가고 있다. 이러한 이동 단말기의 고성능화는 기기 자체에 대한 복잡한 설정을 요구하며, 잠재적인 H/W 또는 S/W 오류 발생 가능성과 설치 프로그램 간 충돌로 인하여 시스템 성능 저하 등의 문제를 가질 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 단말기 관리에 대한 필요성이 대두되어, 이를 위한 기구로서 OMA(Open Mobile Alliance)가 결성되었다. OMA는 이동 단말기 관리의 표준으로 OMA DM(Device Management)을 제시하였다. 최근에 공개된 OMA DM v1.2는 이전 스펙보다 개선된 이동 단말기 관리 방법을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 이동 단말기를 위한 OMA DM v1.2 기반 관리 에이전트에 대한 설계 및 구현 내용을 보인다. 이 에이전트는 C언어로 구현되었으며, 이동 단말기의 관리 객체를 획득, 변경 그리고 추가하기 위해 TNDS(Tree and Description Serialization)를 사용함으로써 적은 양의 네트워크 트래픽으로 효과적인 단말기 관리가 가능하다. With the rapid advancement of mobile communication, mobile devices are evolving into convergence devices with various multimedia capabilities. But, high performance of devices demands complicated settings, and thus contains latent error possibilities, and poor system performance caused by the collision of different softwares. To solve these problems, device management becomes an important issue. Open Mobile Alliance(OMA) developed OMA DM(Device Management), which is a device management standard. Recently released OMA DM v1.2 provides improved mobile device management methods compared to earlier versions. This paper introduces design and implementation of OMA DM v1.2 based management agent. By using Tree and Description Serialization(TNDS) for acquiring, adding, and editing objects in the mobile devices, it provides more effective device management with small amount of network traffic.
Lasing characteristics of improved GaInAsP/InP surface emitting injection lasers (1983)

The letter presents a surface-emitting GaInAsP/InP injection laser with 7 μm cavity length operating at 1.30 μm of wavelength. The threshold was as low as 50 mA at 77 K. The device operated up to 140 K with one single longitudinal mode and small wavelength change (0.64 Å/degree). The near-field diameter was 9 μm and the far-field angle (FWHM) was 9°. The polarisation was linear.
Ultrasound transmission and reflection computerized tomography for imaging bones and adjoining soft tissues (2003)

An ultrasonic imaging system that simultaneously collects attenuation, time of flight, and backscatter data from multiple views to make tomographic images is described. By using 80 such cross sections, three-dimensional images of turkey and dog limbs are constructed. The images are of high quality and provide detailed information on geometry and nature of structures that constitute bone and surrounding soft tissue. They reveal topological information of regions of interest without shadow and artifacts, and thus provide a distinct advantage over conventional single-line methods for measuring tissue properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>MAD3</i> Encodes a Novel Component of the Spindle Checkpoint Which Interacts with Bub3p, Cdc20p, and Mad2p (2000)

We show that MAD3 encodes a novel 58-kD nuclear protein which is not essential for viability, but is an integral component of the spindle checkpoint in budding yeast. Sequence analysis reveals two regions of Mad3p that are 46 and 47% identical to sequences in the NH(2)-terminal region of the budding yeast Bub1 protein kinase. Bub1p is known to bind Bub3p (Roberts et al. 1994) and we use two-hybrid assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments to show that Mad3p can also bind to Bub3p. In addition, we find that Mad3p interacts with Mad2p and the cell cycle regulator Cdc20p. We show that the two regions of homology between Mad3p and Bub1p are crucial for these interactions and identify loss of function mutations within each domain of Mad3p. We discuss roles for Mad3p and its interactions with other spindle checkpoint proteins and with Cdc20p, the target of the checkpoint.
Method of colloid titration (a new titration between polymer ions) (1952)

Abstract A general discussion about the method of colloid titrations is given in this report. A new titration method is based on the stoichiometric combination of positive and negative colloid ions. The end point is decided by indicators (known as metachromatic coloring matters) like toluidine blue. The standard colloid reagents are P.V.S.‐K (potassium salt of polyvinyl alcohol sulfate) and Macramin ( N ‐polymethylated chitosan derivatives). The typical operations of this method are described briefly: the direct, indirect, and differential titration methods. The colloid titration curve is somewhat different from the acid‐base titration curve obtained potentiometrically, but it is characteristic and reproducible under definite conditions and so it is useful in quantitative and qualitative analysis. This titration may be carried out even under extraordinary dilute conditions (5 × 10 −4 N ) and the entire process is quite similar to the usual acid‐alkali titration. The precision is below ± ca . 5% if the method is carefully followed.
Inhibition of Class A and Class C β-Lactamases by Penems:  Crystallographic Structures of a Novel 1,4-Thiazepine Intermediate<sup>,</sup> (2003)

A new beta-lactamase inhibitor, a methylidene penem having a 5,6-dihydro-8H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine heterocyclic substituent at the C6 position with a Z configuration, irreversibly inhibits both class A and class C serine beta-lactamases with IC(50) values of 0.4 and 9.0 nM for TEM-1 and SHV-1 (class A), respectively, and 4.8 nM in AmpC (class C) beta-lactamases. The compound also inhibits irreversibly the class C extended-spectrum GC1 beta-lactamase (IC(50) = 6.2 nM). High-resolution crystallographic structures of a reaction intermediate of (5R)-(6Z)-6-(5,6-dihydro-8H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-2-ylmethylene)-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-3-carboxylic acid 1 with the SHV-1 beta-lactamase and with the GC1 beta-lactamase have been determined by X-ray diffraction to resolutions of 1.10 and 1.38 A, respectively. The two complexes were refined to crystallographic R-factors (R(free)) of 0.141 (0.186) and 0.138 (0.202), respectively. Cryoquenching of the reaction of 1 with each beta-lactamase crystal produced a common, covalently bound intermediate. After acylation of the serine, a nucleophilic attack by the departing thiolate on the C6' atom yielded a novel seven-membered 1,4-thiazepine ring having R stereochemistry at the new C7 moiety. The orientation of this ring in each complex differs by a 180 degrees rotation about the bond to the acylated serine. The acyl ester bond is stabilized to hydrolysis through resonance stabilization with the dihydrothiazepine ring and by low occupancy or disorder of hydrolytic water molecules. In the class A complex, the buried water molecule on the alpha-face of the ester bond appears to be loosely bound or absent. In the class C complex, a water molecule on the beta-face is disordered and poorly activated for hydrolysis. Here, the acyl intermediate is unable to assist its own hydrolysis, as is thought to occur with many class C substrates.
Structure, Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Thin Films of ZnS and CdS Grown by Atomic Layer Epitaxy (1998)

In this communication we report successful growth of monocrystalline cubic ZnS and monocrystalline and polycrystalline cubic and wurtzite films of CdS by atomic layer epitaxy. Structural and optical properties of these films are analysed. ZnS (and CdS/ZnS) films grown on GaAs substrate are cubic. Atomic layer epitaxy grown films provide several advantages over ZnS and CdS materials grown by other techniques, especially compared to bulk material, which is grown at higher temperatures. First re s ults for ZnS/CdS/ZnS quantum well structures are also discussed.
Channel‐Type Molecular Structures. Part 2. Synthesis of Bouquet‐Shaped Molecules Based on a β‐Cyclodextrin Core (1992)

Abstract A new series of channel‐type molecules presenting the features of potential transmembrane structures is described. They result from the grafting of amphiphilic side chains on a β‐cyclodextrin derivative 3 that constitutes the organizing core. They belong to the ‘bouquet’ family ( B ). Compounds bearing poly(oxyethylene) side chains, B 16 and 17 , and their polymethylene analogues B 18 and 19 , were synthesized. The properties investigated emphasize the suitability of such molecules to be incorporated into lipid bilayer membranes.
CES Depression Scale 1977 (1977)

Question scores are summed to provide an overall score ranging from 0 to 60. Scores of 16 or more are commonly taken as indicative of depression.
Studies on Differentiation Inducers. V. Steroid Glycosides from Periplocae Radicis Cortex. (1995)

Six pregnane glycosides and three cardenolides were isolated as differentiation inducers using mouse myeloid leukemia (Ml) cells from Periplocae Radicis Cortex (bark of Periploca sepium BGE., Asclepiadaceae). The cardenolides showed much higher activities than the pregnane glycosides. Besides these nine compounds, commercially available cardenolides were tested for their differentiation inducing activities using Ml cells. Digitoxin and digoxin induced Ml cells into phagocytic cells, but others did not. In the presence of 1 nM of actinomycin-D, the activity of steroid glycosides was enhanced against Ml cells.
Bootup time improvement for embedded Linux using snapshot images created on boot time (2011)

This paper introduces a method to improve the snapshot boot method, so as to enhance the booting speed of an embedded Linux-based system and increase its efficiency. Snapshot boot is a method using the suspend/resume function in order to save and restore the current tasks' information. It enhances the booting speed by processing a restoration of the previous tasks from the bootloader, instead of processing the Linux booting. The biggest problem with snapshot boot is that it takes a long time to create images and then save them to the storage device during the suspend process, because it targets every page. In addition, if the switch is turned off while creating an image, then the image is not created, and the resume process cannot be executed. The method advocated in this paper creates the snapshot image only once and utilizes the image to enhance the booting speed and stability.1
Notizen: Facile Synthesis of N-Permethylspermine and N-Permethylspermidine from their Unmethylated Precursors (1975)

A rapid synthesis of the title compounds employing formaldehyde and sodium borohydride in acidic aqueous solution in combination with the unmethylated amines is described. High yields and the characteristics of the methylated amines allow the application of the method to gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses.