gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telotristat ethyl: a new option for the management of carcinoid syndrome (2016)

Many patients with neuroendocrine tumour-related carcinoid syndrome treated with somatostatin analogues (SSA) won't achieve adequate symptom relief with the SSA alone; new treatment options are required. Telotristat ethyl is a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, developed for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Areas covered: This review summarises the evidence supporting the role of telotristat ethyl in the management of carcinoid syndrome. Rationale, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, clinical experience, efficacy and toxicity profiles are covered. Expert opinion: The efficacy of telotristat ethyl in producing a statistically-significant and clinically-meaningful reduction in daily bowel movements has been confirmed in phase III clinical trials. Two pivotal trials, TELESTAR and TELECAST, explored the role of telotristat ethyl in the management of patients with carcinoid syndrome refractory to SSAs focusing on patients with ≥4 and <4 daily bowel movements, respectively. In addition, benefit was confirmed in patient-reported outcomes. Based on activity and safe toxicity profile, telotristat ethyl is pending regulatory agencies evaluation and is likely to add to the armamentarium used to treat carcinoid syndrome. Long-term safety and efficacy data will be available from the ongoing TELEPATH study. The impact on carcinoid heart disease, mesenteric fibrosis and other long-term complications of carcinoid syndrome as well as its role earlier in patients' pathways remain investigational.
European Cities: Towards a Recreational Turn? (2007)

The article puts forth the thesis that European cities are increasingly influenced by recreation, changing the essential quality of the urban space.I begin by setting out a theoretical framework in which cities are seen as specific places used as a resource by mobile individuals in a specific "dwelling regime."The concepts of city, tourism and recreational turn are explained.The paper goes on to give a brief description of the context of tourism in Europe, with reference to data problems for a European-wide study of tourism on the local level of urban settings.Finally, specific processes of the recreational turn are reconstructed, leading to differentiated urban qualities of contemporary European cities: festivalization, investing in industrial agglomerations, "heritageing," experiencing the modernity of cities, and the urbanization of tourist resorts.The conclusion reflects upon the consequences of recreation and mobility for the European city as a place for geographically plural individuals, where cohabitation becomes a crucial political issue.
AIDS serology testing in low- and high-risk groups (1985)

The performance characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—retrovirus serological tests including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay were defined in a clinical laboratory setting by testing 1,257 serum specimens from low- and high-risk groups for AIDS. The three prototype AIDS retroviruses (lymphadenopathy-associated virus, human T-lymphotropic virus III, and AIDS-associated retrovirus) were equally suitable as target antigen for these assays. Sera from six of 74 laboratory and health care personnel and 91 of 1,014 unselected blood donors were falsely positive by ELISA (positive to negative ratio [P/N], ≥2) based on the lack of Western blot confirmation. Only two true-positives (two [0.2%] of 1,014 blood donors) were detected in these low-risk groups. In contrast, 106 of 108 specimens with ELISA P/N ratios of 2 or greater from the high-risk groups including asymptomatic homosexual men, hemophiliacs, AIDS-related complex patients, and AIDS patients were positive by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Four false-negative ELISA results based on positive immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were found in the AIDS patient group. Ten of 69 AIDS patients were negative by all three serological tests. The consequence of maintaining high sensitivity for the ELISA (P/N ratio, ≥2) as a screening test was a loss of specificity. The number of false-positive results necessitated the use of a confirmation test with greater specificity. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3405-3408)
Phospho-Serine-118 Estrogen Receptor-α Expression Is Associated with Better Disease Outcome in Women Treated with Tamoxifen (2004)

Our data suggest that estrogen receptor alpha specifically phosphorylated at Ser(118) is a marker of a functional, intact ligand-dependent estrogen receptor signaling pathway in breast cancer and that estrogen receptor alpha specifically phosphorylated at Ser(118) status has the potential to provide a more precise biomarker of responsiveness to endocrine therapy in conjunction with estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor status.
Early environmental factors and rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

The precise cause of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains uncertain. In recent years there has been extensive investment in pursuing genes important in RA. However, estimates suggest that the risk of developing RA is at most 50% determined by genes. There has been limited success defining the environmental factors important in developing RA. We hypothesize that this lack of success may be due to a concentration on the time around disease onset. There is evidence of production of the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) and increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) years before RA becomes clinically apparent. In addition, early life events including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) may have long lasting effects on immune function. We review the evidence that the early environment through effects on growth and infectious exposure may influence the likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases such as RA.
Targeting the Histamine H<sub>4</sub>Receptor (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTTargeting the Histamine H4 ReceptorCharles M. Marson*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, United KingdomE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 11, 7121–7156Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2011Publication History Received29 April 2009Published online15 August 2011Published inissue 9 November 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900166whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900166wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3605Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agonists,Antagonists,Inflammation,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
A New Synthesis of Oxazolo[5,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimid-7-ones (1983)

Synthese a partir du chlorure de l'acide ethoxy-5 phenyl-2 oxazolecarboxylique-4 et d'amidines, guanidines ou isourees
Reactions of Hexafluorobenzene and Pentafluorophenol Catalyzed by Irradiated TiO2 in Aqueous Suspensions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Hexafluorobenzene and Pentafluorophenol Catalyzed by Irradiated TiO2 in Aqueous SuspensionsC. Minero, E. Pelizzetti, R. Terzian, and N. SerponeCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 3, 692–698Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00015a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00015a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Active RFID attached object clustering method based on RSSI series for finding lost objects (2015)

An active radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag that can communicate with smartphones using Bluetooth Low Energy technology has recently received widespread attention. Indeed, many products have been released that aim to find lost objects using the received signal strength indication (RSSI). However, these products do not provide sufficiently accurate location information to find objects. In this paper, we propose an active RFID attached object clustering method based on RSSI series for finding lost objects. This approach to find lost objects does not execute existing localization methods. We hypothesize that users can deduce the location of a lost object from information about surrounding objects in an environment where RFID tags are attached to all personal belongings. To help find lost objects from the proximity between RFID tags, the system calculates the proximity between a pair of RFID tags from the RSSI series, and estimates the groups of objects in the neighborhood. We present a method for calculating the proximity of the lost object to those around it using a distance function between RSSI series and estimating the group by hierarchical clustering. We confirm the validity of the proposed method, and determine the most appropriate pairs of four distance functions and four clustering algorithms. From the experimental results, it is apparent that our method provides a clear advantage in finding lost objects at low financial and installation cost, and can estimate groups accurately even if the smartphone or RSSI sensor is moving quickly.
Pseudoaromaten aus Indanonen‐(2), I. Über das Indanon‐(2) (1961)

Abstract Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Indanon‐(2) durch Säurespaltung von Alkoxyindanolen wird beschrieben. Methanolyse von 2‐Brom‐indanol‐(1) ergibt, entgegen bisheriger Deutung, nicht 2‐Methoxy‐indanol‐(1), sondern 1‐Methoxy‐indanol‐(2). Ersteres wird über 2‐Brom‐, 2‐Acetoxy‐ und 2‐Methoxy‐indanon‐(1) dargestellt. Stereochemische Fragen der Methanolyse werden diskutiert. Bromierung von Indanon‐(1) mit N ‐Brom‐succinimid führt zu 3‐Brom‐indanon‐(1). Die Selbstkondensation des Indanons‐(2) und seine Umsetzung mit Dialkylaminen zu Indenyl‐(2)‐aminen werden untersucht.
Methods To Identify Aptamers against Cell Surface Biomarkers (2011)

Aptamers are nucleic acid-based ligands identified through a process of molecular evolution named SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment). During the last 10-15 years, numerous aptamers have been developed specifically against targets present on or associated with the surface of human cells or infectious pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. Several of the aptamers have been described as potent probes, rivalling antibodies, for use in flow cytometry or microscopy. Some have also been used as drugs by inhibiting or activating functions of their targets in a manner similar to neutralizing or agonistic antibodies. Additionally, it is straightforward to conjugate aptamers to other agents without losing their affinity and they have successfully been used in vitro and in vivo to deliver drugs, siRNA, nanoparticles or contrast agents to target cells. Hence, aptamers identified against cell surface biomarkers represent a promising class of ligands. This review presents the different strategies of SELEX that have been developed to identify aptamers for cell surface-associated proteins as well as some of the methods that are used to study their binding on living cells.
CXLII.—The comparative effects of the nitro-, carboxyl, and sulphonic acid groups on the hydrolysis of aryl halides (1928)

W. Davies and E. S. Wood, J. Chem. Soc., 1928, 1122 DOI: 10.1039/JR9280001122
Research evaluation of a visual analog scale for the assessment of anxiety (2010)

Background: Fast-acting medications for the management of anxiety are important to patients and society. Measuring early onset, however, requires a sensitive and clinically responsive tool. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of a patient-reported Global Anxiety - Visual Analog Scale (GA-VAS). Methods: Data from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam and paroxetine in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder were analyzed to assess the reliability, validity, responsiveness, and utility of the GAVAS. The GA-VAS was completed at clinic visits and at home during the first week of treatment. Targeted psychometric analyses—test-retest reliabilities, validity correlations, responsiveness statistics, and minimum important differences—were conducted. Results: The GA-VAS correlates well with other anxiety measures, at Week 4, r = 0.60 (p < 0.0001) with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and r = 0.74 (p < 0.0001) with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety subscale. In terms of convergent and divergent validity, the GA-VAS correlated -0.54 (p < 0.0001), -0.48 (p < 0.0001), and -0.68 (p < 0.0001) with the SF-36 Emotional Role, Social Function, and Mental Health subscales, respectively, but correlated much lower with the SF-36 physical functioning subscales. Preliminary minimum important difference estimates cluster between 10 and 15 mm. Conclusions: The GA-VAS is capable of validly and effectively capturing a reduction in anxiety as quickly as 24 hours post-dose.
Purification and Properties of Porcine Gastricsin (1967)

Abstract The proteolytic enzyme, gastricsin, has been isolated from an acidified extract of porcine gastric mucosa. The purification procedure consists of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on columns of Amberlite CG-50 and Sephadex G-75. The enzyme preparation was found to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis. The enzymic properties of porcine gastricsin, including optimal pH, hydrolysis of synthetic and protein substrates, milk-clotting activity, and stability in an alkaline solution, were found to be similar to those of the human enzyme. The molecular weight was found to be 32,500. The amino acid composition of porcine gastricsin was similar to that of human gastricsin and differed significantly from those of human and porcine pepsin.
Regulation of Intestinal Immune Responses through TLR Activation: Implications for Pro- and Prebiotics (2014)

The intestinal mucosa is constantly facing a high load of antigens including bacterial antigens derived from the microbiota and food. Despite this, the immune cells present in the gastrointestinal tract do not initiate a pro-inflammatory immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed by various cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and resident immune cells in the lamina propria. Many diseases, including chronic intestinal inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), allergic gastroenteritis (e.g., eosinophilic gastroenteritis and allergic IBS), and infections are nowadays associated with a deregulated microbiota. The microbiota may directly interact with TLR. In addition, differences in intestinal TLR expression in health and disease may suggest that TLRs play an essential role in disease pathogenesis and may be novel targets for therapy. TLR signaling in the gut is involved in either maintaining intestinal homeostasis or the induction of an inflammatory response. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the contribution of intestinal epithelial TLR signaling in both tolerance induction or promoting intestinal inflammation, with a focus on food allergy. We will also highlight a potential role of the microbiota in regulating gut immune responses, especially through TLR activation.
Solving Consensus in a Byzantine Environment Using an Unreliable Fault Detector. (1997)

Unreliable fault detectors can be used to solve the consensus problem in asyn-chronous distributed systems that are subject to crash faults. We extend this result to asynchronous distributed systems that are subject to Byzantine faults. We define the class (Byz) of eventually strong Byzantine fault detectors and the class (Byz) of eventually weak Byzantine fault detectors and show that any Byzantine fault detector in (Byz) can be transformed into a Byzantine fault detector in (Byz). We present an algorithm that uses a fault detector in (Byz) to solve the consensus problem in an asynchronous distributed system with at most \t Byzantine faults. The class (Byz) of Byzantine fault detectors is the weakest class of fault detectors that can be used to solve consensus in such an asynchronous distributed system.
Problem of the photoinduced second harmonic generation in optical fibers (1989)

Temperature-controlled phase matching was observed in photoinduced second harmonic generation in optical fibers. A new method for nondestructive determination of the dependences of the efficiency of second harmonic generation on the length of the fiber was developed and implemented. A coherent photogalvanic mechanism of the effect is proposed.
Facing up to the recycling challenge (2001)

Environmental legislation continues to promote the use of recyclable material. George Marsh reports on the issues surrounding composites recycling and
Rapid Tuning Mechanism For CO 2 Lasers (1988)

A collinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is used to achieve all-electronic, rapid wavelength tuning (agility) of a pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser. Electronic intra-cavity laser wavelength selection is demonstrated on both the P and R branches of the (00<sup>0</sup>1) - (10<sub>0</sub>0) CO<sub>2</sub> band. An intra-cavity AOTF greatly expands the flexibility of a CO<sub>2</sub> laser affording 10-50 kHz wavelength switching rates, allowing broad-band (9-11 μm) coverage and random wavelength access, and is basically rugged. This paper covers a description of wavelength tuning by the AOTF mechanism, design and fabrication steps of the collinear AOTF, problems encountered, and test results.
A 4-bit SiGe passive phase shifter for X-band phased arrays (2013)

This paper presents a 4-bit passive phase shifter for X-band (8-12 GHz) phased-arrays, implemented in 0.25-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. All bits are digitally controlled. The 22.5° and 45° bits are based on switched low-pass network while the 90° and 180° bits are based on switching between high-pass/low-pass filters. Filters are implemented using on-chip spiral inductors and high-Q MIM capacitors. Switching functionality is obtained by isolated NMOS transistors employing resistive body floating technique. All bits are optimized to minimize the RMS phase error. Ordering of bits is optimized so as to minimize the overall insertion loss. Simulated insertion loss is 12±2 dB and RMS phase error is less than 2° over X-band frequencies.
Molecular Characterization of Dextranase from <i>Streptococcus rattus</i> (2004)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene of Streptococcus rattus ATCC19645 was determined. An open reading frame of the dextranase gene was 2,760 bp long and encoded a dextranase protein consisting of 920 amino acids with a molecular weight of 100,163 Da and an isoelectric point of 4.67. The S. rattus dextranase purified from recombinant Escherichia coli cells showed dextran-hydrolyzing activity with optimal pH (5.0) and temperature (40 C) similar to those of dextranases from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the S. rattus dextranase revealed that the dextranase molecule consists of two variable regions and a conserved region. The variable regions contained an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal cell wall sorting signal; the conserved region contained two functional domains, catalytic and dextran-binding sites. This structural feature of the S. rattus dextranase is quite similar to that of other cariogenic species such as S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and Streptococcus downei.
Exploring pressure in football (2018)

From1 a set of trajectories of the players and the ball in a football (soccer) game, we computationally estimate, for each time frame, the pressure of the defending players upon the ball and the opponents. The extracted pressure relationships are visualized in detailed and summarized forms. Interactive filtering enables exploration of the pressure relationships in selected game episodes or in game situations satisfying specific query conditions..
Genetic diversity of phenol hydroxylase-encoding genes among wastewater sludge bacteria (2021)

Abstract. Tan WA, Kusuma F. 2021. Genetic diversity of phenol hydroxylase-encoding genes among wastewater sludge bacteria. Biodiversitas 22: 4291-4297. Phenol is a toxic aromatic compound that is used in various industries. In this study, we explore the molecular diversity of bacterial genes that encode for phenol hydroxylase, a key enzyme for phenol degradation, within sludge samples collected from the aeration and microbial recovery tank of an automotive wastewater treatment system. Partial phenol hydroxylase-encoding gene (600 bp) was amplified from the total DNA of each tank using a degenerate primer pair and cloned to construct a gene library. A total of 37 and 38 clones were obtained from the aeration and microbial recovery tank, respectively. The clones were sequenced and compared to GenBank database using BLASTX, followed by neighbor joining-based phylogenetic analysis using MEGA7. A majority of the clones recovered from both tanks belonged to Betaproteobacteria, which have been reported as phenol degraders with various metabolic activities and lifestyles. The clones are grouped into eight clusters. Six clusters were present in both the aeration and microbial recovery tank, and one unique cluster was identified in each tank. This indicated that diverse microbial communities play a role in phenol-containing wastewater treatment. They may have changed throughout the process as the surrounding chemical compositions differed and a variety of metabolic roles surfaced.