gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogens may reduce mortality and ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the female rat (1997)

The present study was undertaken to determine if estrogens protect female rats from the neurodegenerative effects of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The rats were ovariectomized and 7 or 8 days later various estrogen preparations were administered before or after MCA occlusion. Pretreatment with 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2) or a brain-targeted 17beta-E2 chemical delivery system (CDS) decreased mortality from 65% in ovariectomized rats to 22% in 17beta-E2-treated and 16% in 17beta-E2 CDS-treated rats. This marked reduction in mortality was accompanied by a reduction in the ischemic area of the brain from 25.6+/-5.7% in the ovariectomized rats to 9.8+/-4% and 9.1+/-4.2% in the 17beta-E2-implanted and the 17beta-E2 CDS-treated rats, respectively. Similarly, pretreatment with the presumed inactive estrogen, 17alpha-estradiol, reduced mortality from 36 to 0% and reduced the ischemic area by 55 to 81%. When administered 40 or 90 minutes after MCA occlusion, 17beta-E2 CDS reduced the area of ischemia by 45 to 90% or 31%, respectively. In summary, the present study provides the first evidence that estrogens exert neuroprotective effects in an animal model of ischemia and suggests that estrogens may be a useful therapy to protect neurons against the neurodegenerative effects of stroke.
Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources (1996)

Growth and Inventory Introduction - Sustainable Fiber Supply, F. Werber and T. Hamilton Inventory of Agro-Mass, G. White and C. Cook Changes in Fiber Properties During the Growing Season, R. Rowell, J. Han, and S. Bisen Improvement of Fiber Crops Using Genetics and Biotechnology, T. La Farge, S. Friedman, and C. Cook Fiber Properties Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agro-Based Fibers, T. Rials and M. Wolcott Chemical Composition of Agro-Based Fibers, J. Han and J. Rowell Pulp and Paper Processing of Agro-Based Resources into Pulp and Paper, R. Young Composites Opportunities for Composites from Agro-Based Resources, R. Rowell Processing into Composites, B. English, P. Chow, and D.S. Bajwa Properties of Composite Panels, J. Youngquist, A. Krzysik, P. Chow, and R. Meimban Packaging and Lightweight Structural Composites, T. Laufenberg Chemical Modification of Agro-Resources for Property Enhancement, R. Rowell Agro-Fiber/Thermoplastic Composites, A. Sanadi, D. Caulfield, and R. Jacobson Filters, Sorbents, and Geotextiles, B. English
Square-extensional mode single-crystal silicon micromechanical RF-resonator (2004)

A micromechanical 13.1 MHz bulk acoustic mode (BAW) silicon resonator is demonstrated. The vibration mode can be characterized as a 2-D plate expansion that preserves the original square shape. The prototype resonator is fabricated of single-crystal silicon by reactive ion etching a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The measured high quality factor (Q=130000) and current output (i/sub MAX/ /spl ap/ 160 /spl mu/A) make the resonator suitable for reference oscillator applications. An electrical equivalent circuit based on physical device parameters is derived and experimentally verified.
UML-Executable Functional Models of Electronic Systems in the VIPERS Virtual Prototyping Methodology (2006)

This paper presents the use of UML-Executable Functional Models (UMLEFM) in the context of the ViPERS virtual prototyping methodology [tikyaLister et al., 2004a, Lister et al., 2004b] for System-on-Chip design. The concepts, the implementation and the experiments presented in this paper were developed at the University of Sussex (UoS) in the Centre of VLSI and Computer Graphics as part of an EU project [VIPERS]. The ViPERS methodology and its employment of the executable functional models have been developed to face the contemporary challenges of System-On-Chips by integrating key design methodologies with the graphical and interactive features of virtual prototyping. The fast evolution in silicon technology and its consequences on the market of hand held electronic products, is making the adoption of new design methodologies mandatory, with modern techniques for the design, development and manufacturing of consumer electronics. Executable functional models provide a means to simulate the target device in different phases of the design flow and analyse its requirements (behaviours, interfaces, etc), architecture (HW/SW partitioning) and finally its digital implementation. A key contribution includes the combination of an interactive 2D photorealistic model with its functional executable model implemented as a UML state machine; the experiment is applied to an RF home-based remote control used to control a cooking stack.
Assessment of hypnotic effects in the rat: Influence of the sleep‐awake cycle (1988)

Abstract The influence of the sleep‐awake cycle of the rat on the apparent hypnotic effects of two benzodiazepine hypnotics, triazolam (short half‐life) and flurazepam (long half‐life), was assessed. Cortical electroencephalographic recordings from freely moving animals were used to determine whether the rats were awake or asleep. When tested during the dark phase of the light‐dark cycle, when rats sleep approximately 50% of each hour, both agents increased sleep, with flurazepam having a longer duration of action than triazolam. In contrast, when tested during the light phase of the light‐dark cycle, when rats sleep approximately 70–90% of each hour, the sleep‐inducing effects of the two agents could not be distinguished. These data emphasize the importance of baseline levels of sleep in assessing hypnotic‐drug effects.
PI3K inhibitors for cancer treatment: where do we stand? (2009)

In contrast with cytotoxic agents that do not differentiate between normal proliferating and tumour cells, targeted therapies primarily exert their actions in cancer cells. Initiation and maintenance of tumours are due to genetic alterations in specific loci. The identification of the genes in which these alterations occur has opened new opportunities for cancer treatment. The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway is often overactive in human cancers, and various genetic alterations have been found to cause this. In all cases, PI3K inhibition is considered to be one of the most promising targeted therapies for cancer treatment. The present mini-review provides an update on new PI3K inhibitors currently in or entering clinical development. Recent discoveries, challenges and future prospects will be discussed.
Cystatin C: An Improved Estimator of Glomerular Filtration Rate? (2002)

Studies of reference intervals for CysC overwhelmingly demonstrated that CysC values in blood are independent of age and sex. Of the 24 studies that examined clinical utility, 15 concluded that CysC is superior to SCr, whereas 9 concluded that CysC is equivalent but provides no advantage. Summary ROC plot analysis of 20 studies that provide sensitivity and specificity data strongly suggests that CysC will be superior to SCr for detecting impaired GFR. Taken together, it is clear that CysC performs at least as well as SCr in the population at large and that it is likely to be superior to SCr in specific patient populations.
Gene Expression Profiling in DQA1*0501+ Children with Untreated Dermatomyositis: A Novel Model of Pathogenesis (2002)

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), the most common pediatric inflammatory myopathy, is a systemic vasculopathy affecting young children. Epidemiology studies documenting an antecedent illness in the 3 mo before the first definite symptom (rash and/or weakness) of JDM are supported by immunologic data that suggest that the disease pathophysiology is Ag driven. The purpose of this study was to compare the gene expression profiles in muscle biopsies of four untreated DQA1*0501(+) JDM children with profiles from children with a known necrotizing myopathy (Duchenne muscular dystrophy), as well as an in vitro antiviral model (NF90), and healthy pediatric controls. Nearly half (47%) of the dysregulated genes in JDM were associated with the immune response. In particular, increased expression of IFN-alphabeta-inducible genes 6-16, myxovirus resistance protein p78, latent cytosolic transcription factor, LMP2, and TAP1 was observed. This profile is consistent with an IFN-alphabeta transcription cascade seen in the in vitro viral resistance model. The IFN-alphabeta-inducible profile was superimposed on transcription profiles reflective of myofiber necrosis and regeneration shared with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expressed genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (6-16), immunofluorescence (thrombospondin 4), and immunolocalization (IFN-gamma, p21). We hypothesize that these data support a model of Ag (?viral) induction of an apparent autoimmune disease based on dynamic interaction between the muscle, vascular, and immune systems in the genetically susceptible (DQA1*0501(+)) child.
Preparation of 8‐(Arylsulfanyl)adenines with Diazonium Salts under Mild, Aerobic Conditions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bone Banking: An Overview (1987)

Journal Article Bone Banking: An Overview Get access J. Brooks Jackson, MD, MBA J. Brooks Jackson, MD, MBA Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and St Paul Regional American Red Cross Tissue Bank, St Paul, MN 55107. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 18, Issue 12, 1 December 1987, Pages 830–833, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/18.12.830 Published: 01 December 1987
A programmable rate detector for rapid-reconfigurable rate-transparent optical networks (2003)

We report a programmable, rapid-response bit-rate detection and selection circuit that can handle a discrete and continuous range of data rates from 10 Mb/s to 1.3 Gb/s for programming burst mode and conventional clock data regeneration (CDR) functions.
Over 100-mW blue-violet laser diodes for Blu-ray Disc system (2004)

400-nm-band GaN-based blue-violet laser diodes (LDs) operating with a high output power of over 100 mW have been successfully fabricated. A new ridge structure, in which the outside of the ridge was covered with a stacked layer of Si on SiO<sub>2</sub> and the ridge width was as narrow as 1.4 μm, was applied to realize the stable lateral-mode operation. A layer structure around the active layer was carefully designed so as to ensure a high COD level. The lasers have been operated stably for more than 500 h under 130-mW pulsed operation at 60°C. From ambient temperature dependence of the device lifetime, the empirical activation energy was estimated as 0.32 eV. These results indicate that this LD is suitable for next-generation Blu-ray Disc system.
Model-based 3D face capture with shape-from-silhouettes (2004)

We present a method for 3D face acquisition using a set or sequence of 2D binary silhouettes. Since silhouette images depend only on the shape and pose of an object, they are immune to lighting and/or texture variations (unlike feature or texture-based shape-from-correspondence). Our prior 3D face model is a linear combination of "eigenheads" obtained by applying PCA to a training set of laser-scanned 3D faces. These shape coefficients are the parameters for a near-automatic system for capturing the 3D shape as well as the 2D texture-map of a novel input face. Specifically, we use back-projection and a boundary-weighted XOR-based cost function for binary silhouette matching, coupled with a probabilistic "downhill-simplex" optimization for shape estimation and refinement. Experiments with a multicamera rig as well as monocular video sequences demonstrate the advantages of our 3D modeling framework and ultimately, its utility for robust face recognition with built-in invariance to pose and illumination.
Function of a mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway in <i>N</i> gene‐mediated resistance in tobacco (2003)

The active defense of plants against pathogens often includes rapid and localized cell death known as hypersensitive response (HR). Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are implicated in this event based on studies using protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. Recent transient gain-of-function studies demonstrated that the activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK), two tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by their upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 leads to HR-like cell death. Here, we report that the conserved kinase interaction motif (KIM) in MAPKKs is required for NtMEK2 function. Mutation of the conserved basic amino acids in this motif, or the deletion of N-terminal 64 amino acids containing this motif significantly compromised or abolished the ability of NtMEK2DD to activate SIPK/WIPK in vivo. These mutants were also defective in interacting with SIPK and WIPK, suggesting protein-protein interaction is required for the functional integrity of this MAPK cascade. To eliminate Agrobacterium that is known to activate a number of defense responses in transient transformation experiments, we generated permanent transgenic plants. Induction of NtMEK2DD expression by dexamethasone induced HR-like cell death in both T1 and T2 plants. In addition, by using PVX-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the suppression of all three known components in the NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway attenuated N gene-mediated TMV resistance. Together with previous report that SIPK and WIPK are activated by TMV in a gene-for-gene-dependent manner, we conclude that NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway plays a positive role in N gene-mediated resistance, possibly through regulating HR cell death.
Relationship between Paratuberculosis and the microelements Copper, Zinc, Iron, Selenium and Molybdenum in Beef Cattle (2013)

To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium deficiencies in animals with Map infection and ELISA positive results.
Temperature insensitive vertically coupled microring resonator add/drop filters by means of a polymer overlay (1999)

The temperature dependence of vertically coupled glass microring resonator add/drop filters is investigated. Measurements show that the passband of the air-clad microring resonator filter increases with temperature at a rate of 0.0137 mm//spl deg/C. Using a PMMA-TFMA polymer that has an opposite refractive index temperature gradient than glass as the overlay of the microring resonator, the temperature dependence of the filter is compensated to -0.0025 nm//spl deg/C in the operation range of 25/spl deg/C to 55/spl deg/C.
Hard Sync Without Aliasing (2001)

&quot;Hard sync&quot;, a form of oscillator synchronization, is a technique which synthesizes a characteristic rich family of sounds. We describe how to perform it by integrating a bandlimited impulse pattern, avoiding the unpleasant aliasing heard in a naive digital rendering. The synthesis is refined by using a minimum-phase bandlimited step function, which eliminates lookahead and integration. This idea also gives simple bandlimited syntheses of other discontinuous waveforms.
Electron spin-lattice relaxation rate in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Gd</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math>Evidence for<i>d</i>-wave pairing in high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>materials (2000)

Using an original modulation technique, the longitudinal (spin-lattice) relaxation of the impurity ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ ions has been investigated in the superconducting state of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Gd}}_{0.01}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ magnetically aligned powders. The results agree well with the linewidth analysis performed on a single crystal. At low temperatures $(T<60\mathrm{K})$ the relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is found to be proportional to ${T}^{3},$ suggesting d-wave superconducting pairing. The data are consistent with previous Knight shift ${(}^{\mathrm{Gd}}K)$ measurements that revealed a linear temperature dependence of the uniform spin susceptibility. The Korringa relation between ${T}_{1}$ and ${}^{\mathrm{Gd}}K$ is confirmed indicating the validity of the Fermi-liquid model.
Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Cardiovascular Diseases (2005)

Endothelial dysfunction and cell loss are prominent features in cardiovascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) originating from the bone marrow play a significant role in neovascularization of ischemic tissues and in re-endothelialization of injured blood vessels. Several studies have shown the therapeutic potential of EPC transplantation in rescue of tissue ischemia and in repair of blood vessels and bioengineering of prosthetic grafts. Recent small-scale trials have provided preliminary evidence of feasibility, safety, and efficacy in patients with myocardial and critical limb ischemia. However, several studies have shown that age and cardiovascular disease risk factors reduce the availability of circulating EPCs (CEPCs) and impair their function to varying degrees. In addition, the relative scarcity of CEPCs limits the ability to expand these cells in sufficient numbers for some therapeutic applications. Priority must be given to the development of strategies to enhance the number and improve the function of CEPCs. Furthermore, alternative sources of EPC such as chord blood need to be explored. Strategies for improvement of cell adhesion, survival, and prevention of cell senescence are also essential to ensure therapeutic viability. Genetic engineering of EPCs may be a useful approach to developing these cells into efficient therapeutic tools. In the clinical arena there is pressing need to standardize the protocols for isolation, culture, and therapeutic application of EPC. Large-scale multi-center randomized trials are required to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of EPC therapy. Despite these hurdles, the outlook for EPC-based therapy for cardiovascular disease is promising.
The Studies of the Water-Vapour Transmission Rate and It's Proofness on the Various Commercial Polymer Films (1979)

국내에서 상업용으로 이용하는 여러종류의 고분자 필름들에 대한 투습도를 일정한 압력과 상대습도 하에서 측정하고 투습도의 역수를 구하여 각 필름의 방습도로 정의하였다. 실험온도 $40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ , 상대습도 $90{\pm}2%$ 하에서 시료를 24시간 방치한 후 컵방법으로 필름의 방습도를 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 순서로 감소함을 밝혔다. 연신 polypropylene (O. PP) > 고밀도 polyethylene (HDPE, Inflation) > 고밀도 polyethylene (HDPE, T-die) > 무연신 polypeopylene (C. PP) > 무연신 polyester (N. PET) > 저밀도 polyethylene (LDPE) > 연신 polyester (O.PET) > 경질 polyvinyl chloride (Rigid PVC) > 반경질 polyvinyl chloride (Semirigid PVC) > 연질 Polyvinyl chloride (Nonrigid PVC) > 연신 nylon(O.Nylon) > 무연신 nylon (N.Nylon) 또한 온도증가에 따라서 측정한 결과 방습도는 HDPE, (T-die) > C. PP > O. PET > LDPE > O. Nylon으로 감소하였고, LDPE, HDPE (T-die), C. PP, O. PET, O. Nylon 필름들의 투습활성화 에너지는 12.0, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7, 14.1 kcal/mole임을 밝혔다. 필름의 투습도는 극성증가에 따라서 증가하고 PVC 필름은 가소제 첨가에 따라서 증가하며, 필름 두께와 연신 증가에 따라서는 감소하였다. O. PP/LDPE, N.Nylon/LDPE, C.PP/LDPE이 집합필름은 단일필름보다 두께에 대한 의존성이 증가하였다. 【The water-vapour transmission ratios (WVTR) of the various commercial polymer films have been investigated at the constant pressure and relative humidity (RH). Water proofnesses, the reciprocals of WVTR for the various samples, were determined using a cup device and maintaining the sample films at a constant temperature ( $40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ ) and a constant R. H ( $90{\pm}2%$ ) for 24 hours. The following order of the relative proofness was observed; oriented polypropyrene (O.PP) > high density polyethylene (HDPE, Inflation) > high density polyethylene (HDPE. T-die) > casted polypropylene (C. PP) > nonoriented polyester (N. PET) > low density polyethylene (LDPE) > oriented polyester (O. PET) > rigid polyvinyl chloride (Rigid PVC) > semirigid polyvinyl chloride (Semirigid PVC) > nonrigid polyvinyl chloride (Nonrigid PVC) > oriented nylon (O. Nylon) > nonoriented nylon (N. Nylon). And water proofness order was also observed to decrease with the temperature rising; HDPE (T-die) > C. PP > O. PET > LDPE > O. Nylon. The activation energies of LDPE, HDPE (T-die), C. PP, O. PET and O.Nylon films were 12.0, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7, 14.1 kcal/mole, respectively. The WVTR's of the films were increased with the polarity of polymer and the addition of plasticizer in PVC, decreased with the increase of the film thickness and mechanical orientation. The WVTR's of the laminated films O. PP/LDPE, N.Nylon/LDPE, C.PP/LDPE were also more dependent on the film thickness than the WVTR's of the single films.】
Performance comparison of AlGaAs, GaAs and InGaP tunnel junctions for concentrated multijunction solar cells (2010)

Abstract Four tunnel junction (TJ) designs for multijunction (MJ) solar cells under high concentration are studied to determine the peak tunnelling current and resistance change as a function of the doping concentration. These four TJ designs are: AlGaAs/AlGaAs, GaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs. Time‐dependent and time‐average methods are used to experimentally characterize the entire current–voltage profile of TJ mesa structures. Experimentally calibrated numerical models are used to determine the minimum doping concentration required for each TJ design to operate within a MJ solar cell up to 2000‐suns concentration. The AlGaAs/GaAs TJ design is found to require the least doping concentration to reach a resistance of <10 −4 Ω cm 2 followed by the GaAs/GaAs TJ and finally the AlGaAs/AlGaAs TJ. The AlGaAs/InGaP TJ is only able to obtain resistances of ≥5 × 10 −4 Ω cm 2 within the range of doping concentrations studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.