gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, Scope, and Mechanism of the Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of 3-Butenyl β-Diketones (2004)

Reaction of 7-octene-2,4-dione (3) with a catalytic amount of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 (4) (10 mol %) in dioxane at room temperature for 16 h formed 2-acetylcyclohexanone (5) in 81% yield as a single regioisomer. Byproducts in the conversion of 3 to 5 include 2,4-octanedione (13), 2-acetyl-2-cyclohexenone (14), 2-acetylphenol (15), (E)- and (Z)-6-octene-2,4-dione (17), (E)- and (Z)-5-octene-2,4-dione (18), the η3-β-diketonate chloride dimer {[η3-CH3CH2CH2CHCOHCHAc]Pd(Cl)}2 (12), and the π(allyl)palladium chloride dimer {[η3-CH3CHCHCHC(O)CH2Ac]Pd(Cl)}2 (16). The palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 3-butenyl β-diketones tolerated substitution at the terminal acyl carbon atom, the enolic carbon atom, and the terminal olefinic carbon atom. Deuterium-labeling studies, in conjunction with kinetic and in situ NMR experiments, supported a mechanism for the palladium-catalyzed hydroalkylation of 3-butenyl β-diketones initiated by 6-endo-trig attack of the enol carbon atom on a palladium-complexed olefin to form a palladium cyclohexanone species. Migration of the palladium atom from the C(4) to the C(6) carbon atom of the 2-acylcyclohexanone intermediate via iterative β-hydride elimination/addition followed by protonolysis of the resulting palladium C(6)-enolate complex released the cyclohexanone and regenerated the palladium dichloride catalyst.
Ultralow-Contact-Resistance Au-Free Ohmic Contacts With Low Annealing Temperature on AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures (2018)

We report on the electrical and microstructural characterization of Au-free Ti/Al/Ti/TiN contacts for AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Ultra-low Au-free ohmic contact has been obtained with contact resistance and specific contact resistivity as low as 0.21 Ω · mm and 1.16 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Ω · cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The ohmic alloy temperature is reduced as low as 550 °C by pre-ohmic recess of the AlGaN barrier and optimization of the thickness of bottom Ti layer. We found that interfacial layer formation of AlN between the ohmic metal and AlGaN surface is crucial to realize a low contact resistance with reduced low annealing temperature by a combination of electrical I-V characterization and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, we suggest a hypothesis that the bottom Ti layer plays a catalytic role for the Al-N reaction with optimized thickness.
A method to compress and anonymize packet traces (2001)

Data volume and privacy issues are one of problems related to large-scale packet capture. Utilizing flow nature of Internet traffic can reduce data volume. Removing sensitive information such as IP addresses enchanges privacy. Our method makes possible to have same replacement value for given IP address even if capture location or time is different.
Prophylaxis and therapy of HBsAg positive hepatitis. (1979)

Different forms of prophylaxis and therapy of HBsAg positive hepatitis are discussed. Prevention of HBsAg positive hepatitis has been attempted by passive and active immunisation. For passive immunisation against parenteral infections hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) of high titer has to be used. However, the protection provided by HBIG is incomplete and temporary. Therefore active immunisation is to be preferred for protection of high risk groups. Experiments using the 22 nm spheric particles prepared from plasma of chronic carriers showed the efficacy of this type of vaccine. The direct way to treat the different forms of hepatitis B is the eradication of the virus from the body. Success has been claimed with the use of interferon and adenine arabinoside. However, this antiviral therapy is still in an experimental stage. In some forms of HBsAg positive hepatitis the liver damage is supposed to be the result of an immune response against the virus. Immunosuppression in these conditions failed, however, to show a beneficial effect. Corticosteroids turned out to be harmful in all forms of acute hepatitis and are therefore contraindicated. Chronic hepatitis B seems to be caused by the inability of the immune system to clear the virus. Successful results have been claimed employing immune stimulative agents like BCG, levamisole, and transfer factor. Most of these reports, however, are anecdotycal and the more comprehensive studies are uncontrolled.
K-Means on Commodity GPUs with CUDA (2009)

K-means algorithm is one of the most famous unsupervised clustering algorithms. Many theoretical improvements for the performance of original algorithms have been put forward, while almost all of them are based on single instruction single data (SISD) architecture processors (GPUs), which partly ignored the inherent paralleled characteristic of the algorithms. In this paper, a novel single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architecture processors (GPUs) based k-means algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, in order to accelerate compute-intensive portions of traditional k-means, both data objects assignment and k-centroids recalculation are offloaded to the GPU in parallel. We have implemented this GPU-based k-means on the newest generation GPU with compute unified device architecture(CUDA). The numerical experiments demonstrated that the speed of GPU-based k-means could reach as high as 40 times of the CPU-based k-means.
<i>Candida auris</i>sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital (2009)

A single strain of a novel ascomycetous yeast species belonging to the genus Candida was isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital. Analyses of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain, nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS region sequences, and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that this strain represents a new species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Candida ruelliae and Candida haemulonii in the Metschnikowiaceae clade. This strain grew well at 40 degrees C, but showed slow and weak growth at 42 degrees C. The taxonomic description of Candida auris sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JCM15448T= CBS10913T= DSM21092T).
(Invited) mm-wave silicon ICs: An opportunity for holistic design (2008)

Millimeter-waves integrated circuits offer a unique opportunity for a holistic design approach encompassing RF, analog, and digital, as well as radiation and electromagnetics. The ability to deal with the complete system from the digital circuitry to on-chip antennas and everything in between offers unparalleled opportunities for completely new architectures and topologies, previously impossible due the traditional partitioning of various blocks in conventional design. This opens a plethora of new architectural and system level innovation within the integrated circuit platform. This paper reviews some of the challenges and opportunities for mm-wave ICs and presents several solutions to them.
On a DC micro-grid incorporating with electric vehicle as movable energy storage source (2015)

This paper presents the establishment of a small DC microgrid incorporating with electric vehicle (EV) as a movable energy storage source. The developed micro-grid consists of wind permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and photovoltaic (PV) source, battery/super-capacitor/flywheel hybrid energy storage system and grid-connected single-phase three-wire load inverter. Through properly design and control, good operation performances are preserved. And the microgrid-to-grid (M2G) and G2M can be successfully conducted with good power quality. As to the developed EV interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive, the super-capacitor (SC) auxiliary storage is equipped to assist the battery source in intermittent energy conversion. Satisfactory acceleration/deceleration/reversible and regenerative braking operation characteristics are obtained, and the successful microgrid-to-vehicle (M2V) and V2M interconnected operations of the EV and micro-grid are achieved.
Mean Magnetic Moments in bcc Fe–Co Alloys (1969)

Saturation magnetizations in the binary Fe–Co system were redetermined since an earlier investigation (P. Weiss and R. Forrer, Ann. Phys. 12, 1929) was made prior to the discovery of a CsCl-type ordered structure that has a wide solubility range. The alloys were quenched from 850°C at various rates in an attempt to suppress the ordering reaction. The magnetizations decreased as the quenching rate increased for alloys containing between 30 and 70 at.% cobalt. A maximum difference at 3% in the mean moment p was obtained for an equiatomic alloy quenched at the extreme rates. The mean moments for the ordered alloys are in good agreement with the previous investigation. The data for the fast quenched (presumably disordered) alloys indicate that the Slater-Pauling curve, in the electron-concentration range between iron and cobalt, has a maximum at about 28 at.% cobalt, compared with the 35 at.% suggested by the data of Weiss and Forrer.
Comparison of two methods for purification of plantaricin ST31, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum ST31 (2004)

Two methods of purification of the plantaricin ST31, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum ST31 are used in this study - the method of ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sep-pack C18 cartridge and reverse-phase HPLC chromatography on C18 Nucleosil column, and the method of direct purification by cation exchange SP Sepharose Fast Flow column Amersham (Pharmacia Biotech). The purity of the products from the two experimental protocols are examined for their molecular weight, aminoacid composition and sequence. Comparison of results show that the plantaricins purified with the two methods are identical. Both methods may be used to purify plantaricin ST31. Comparison of the yield in the purification protocols is 0.8% in the HPLC experimental protocol and 5.9% in the cation-exchange chromatography method.
Dissecting molecular cross-talk between Nrf2 and NF-κB response pathways (2015)

In most tissues, cells are exposed to frequent changes in levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are the two key transcription factors that regulate cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammation respectively. Pharmacological and genetic studies suggest that there is functional cross-talk between these two important pathways. The absence of Nrf2 can exacerbate NF-κB activity leading to increased cytokine production, whereas NF-κB can modulate Nrf2 transcription and activity, having both positive and negative effects on the target gene expression. This review focuses on the potentially complex molecular mechanisms that link the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the importance of designing more effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat a broad range of neurological disorders.
Iridium-based ultramicroelectrode array fabricated by microlithography (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIridium-based ultramicroelectrode array fabricated by microlithographySamuel P. Kounaves, Wen. Deng, Pamela R. Hallock, Gregory T. A. Kovacs, and Christopher W. StormentCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 3, 418–423Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00075a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00075a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3-D Interaction of a Corner Flaw with a Non-Aligned Surface Flaw in an Infinitely Large Plate under Tension (2015)

The evaluation of non-aligned multiple flaws is required in various Fitness-for-Service codes. For non-aligned parallel cracks, on-site inspection needs to decide whether they should be treated as coalesced or separate multiple cracks for Fitness-for-Service. Criteria and standards for the adjustment of multiple nonaligned cracks are very different from one source to another in the existing literature. And those criteria and standards are often derived from on-site service experience without rigorous and systematic verification. Based on this observation, the authors previously reported on the interaction between an edge and an embedded parallel crack in 2-D scenarios. Since crack configurations detected using non-destructive methods in the real world are generally 3-D in nature, the study of 3-D interaction of non-aligned flaws is deemed necessary in order to obtain more practical guidance in the usage of rules speculated in Fitness-for-Service. In this study, the 3D interaction between a corner flaw and a non-aligned parallel surface flaw in an infinitely large plate is investigated to correlate better the criteria and standards from various resources in recommending the usage of those standards for the purpose of Fitness-for-Service and to classify them as either conservative or non-conservative.
REVIEWS (1997)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Future of Theology. Essays in Honor of Jürgen Moltmann. Edited by MIROSLAV VOLF, CARMEN KRIEG, and THOMAS KUCHARZ. Pp. xviii+298. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996. ISBN 0 8028 3807 3. $35/£22.99. MAUHICE WILES MAUHICE WILES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 48, Issue 1, April 1997, Page 400, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/48.1.400 Published: 01 April 1997
Cancer, Chemistry, and the Cell: Molecules that Interact with the Neurotensin Receptors (2009)

The literature covering neurotensin (NT) and its signalling pathways, receptors, and biological profile is complicated by the fact that the discovery of three NT receptor subtypes has come to light only in recent years. Moreover, a lot of this literature explores NT in the context of the central nervous system and behavioral studies. However, there is now good evidence that the up-regulation of NT is intimately involved in cancer development and progression. This Review aims to summarize the isolation, cloning, localization, and binding properties of the accepted receptor subtypes (NTR1, NTR2, and NTR3) and the molecules known to bind at these receptors. The growing role these targets are playing in cancer research is also discussed. We hope this Review will provide a useful overview and a one-stop resource for new researchers engaged in this field at the chemistry-biology interface.
IL-12 family members: differential kinetics of their TLR4-mediated induction by Salmonella Enteritidis and the impact of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (2005)

The members of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines play a pivotal role in initiation and regulation of cell-mediated immunity. Best known is IL-12p70, which promotes an immune response towards T(h)1 bias. Other members of this family (IL-23, IL-27) are less well characterized in terms of induction and function. Using either heat-killed or viable Salmonella Enteritidis or LPS as a stimulus, the kinetics of mRNA production of each member of the IL-12 family (p19, p28, p35, p40, Ebstein-Barr-Virus-induced gene 3 (EBI-3)) were determined in BMDMPhi originating from wild-type, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2- and/or TLR4-deficient mice. It was found that following either type of stimulation, a characteristic mRNA expression pattern was observed for each cytokine subunit. Whereas p19 was induced early and transiently, p40 and p35 were up-regulated later and then continuously, but the secretion of IL-23 and IL-12p70 was significantly reduced by IL-10. The up-regulation of p28 mRNA occurred also delayed and declined afterwards, whereas the initial high-level expression of EBI-3 remained almost unchanged in BMDMPhi. Furthermore, a splice variant of the EBI-3 mRNA was discovered. In this context, the cytokine mRNA up-regulation by whole Salmonella Enteritidis is mediated chiefly by TLR4, but depends on additional pattern recognition receptors other than TLR2 expressed by macrophages.
The effects of adding xylanase, vitamin C and copper sulphate to wheat-based diets on broiler performance (2001)

1. The study used a 3 x 3 factorial design to evaluate the effects of 3 additives (none; vitamin C [250 mg/kg]; copper sulphate [250 mg/kg]) and 3 enzyme additions (none; Avizyme 1300 [Finnfeeds Ltd, 1 g/kg in food]; Avizyme 1310 [liquid spray, post-pelleting, 0.5 g/kg]). All experimental diets were mixed, heat-conditioned (80 degrees C for 2 min) and pelleted. Copper sulphate (diets NCu; DCu; LCu) and Avizyme 1300 (diets DN; DC; DCu) were added during mixing. Vitamin C was sprayed at 10 ml per kg (diets NC; DC; LC) and the liquid enzyme was diluted 20-fold and sprayed at the same rate (diets LN; LC; LCu), post-pelleting. 2. Additive or enzyme addition did not significantly affect DM intake or liveweight gain (LWG). Enzyme addition improved gain:food (P=0.014), AME:GE (P<0.001), ileal apparent digestibility of DM (P=0.008) and starch (P<0.001), faecal apparent digestibility of starch, crude fat and NDF (P=0.008; <0.001; <0.001 respectively) and reduced in vivo viscosity (P<0.001). 3. Copper sulphate addition depressed gain:food (P=0.047), AME:GE (P=0.002), ileal apparent digestibility of starch (P<0.001) and faecal apparent digestibility of starch (P=0.003) and crude fat (P<0.001) due to a negative additive x enzyme interaction when copper sulphate and dry enzyme were included together. 4. Vitamin C decreased in vivo viscosity by 20% but failed to have any effect on performance. Both enzyme forms gave similar improvements in performance in the absence of copper sulphate.
Electrochemical quartz microbalance monitoring of poly(vinylferrocene) electrodeposition (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical quartz microbalance monitoring of poly(vinylferrocene) electrodepositionA. Robert Hillman, David C. Loveday, and Stanley BruckensteinCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 1, 191–194Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00049a034https://doi.org/10.1021/la00049a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Glycals to Glycopeptides: A Convergent and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of a High Mannose N-Linked Glycopeptide (2000)

A concise and totally synthetic route involving the merger of a fully deprotected glycosylamine and a minimally protected aspartic acid containing peptide has enabled the homogeneous N-linked glycopeptide 1 to be synthesized. The other key conversions in the synthesis are the progression from glycal to free oligosaccharide hemiacetal and subsequent amination with high efficiency.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communications systems: an overview (2005)

This paper presents an overview of the ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for wireless communications systems. Following a brief review of the UWB basic principles, the characteristics of application specific UWB wireless systems are described. Design principles and challenges of UWB wireless systems, with an emphasis on monolithic implementations are discussed. Trade-offs between performance, power consumption, and technology choices are addressed. Examples of state-of-the-art UWB circuits and systems are presented.
Joint Inference: a Statistical Approach for Open Information Extraction (2012)

; Revised ; Accepted Published online: Abstract: In recent decades, natural language processing has great progress. Better model of each sub-problem achieves 90% accuracy or better, such as part-of-speech tagging and phrase chunking. However, success in integrated, end-to-end natural language understanding remains elusive. It is mainly due to the systems processing sensory input typically have a pipeline architecture: the output of each stage is the input of the next, errors cascade and accumulate through the pipeline of naively chained components, and there is no feedback from later stages to earlier ones. Actually, later stages can help earlier ones to process. For example, the part-of-speech tagger needs more syntactic and semantic information to make this choice. Previous researches tend to ignore this. So errors in each step will propagate to later ones. In current, a number of researchers have paid attention to this problem and proposed some joint approaches. But they do not perform Open Information Extraction (Open IE), which can identify various types of relations without requiring pre-specifications. In this paper, we propose a statistical modeling such unified consideration known as joint inference, which is based on Markov logic and can perform both traditional relation extraction and Open IE. The proposed modeling significantly outperforms the other Open IE systems in terms of both precision and recall. The joint inference is efficient and we have demonstrated its efficacy in real-world Open IE detection tasks.
High-Temperature Superconductivity (2006)

A general review on high-temperature superconductivity was made. After prehistoric view and the process of discovery were stated, the special features of high-temperature superconductors were explained from the materials side and the physical properties side. The present status on applications of high-temperature superconductors were explained on superconducting tapes, electric power cables, magnets for maglev trains, electric motors, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and single flux quantum (SFQ) devices and circuits.