gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of insulin gene expression by glucose (1992)

Northern-blot analysis was used to demonstrate that an increase in extracellular glucose concentration increased the content of preproinsulin mRNA 2.3-fold in the beta-cell line HIT T15. A probe for the constitutively expressed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a control. Mannoheptulose blocked this effect of glucose. A stimulatory effect on preproinsulin mRNA levels was also observed in response to mannose and to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. However, galactose and arginine were ineffective. Glucagon, forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP also elicited an increase in HIT-cell preproinsulin mRNA. The ability of the 5' upstream region of the preproinsulin gene to mediate the effect of glucose and other metabolites on transcription was studied by using a bacterial reporter gene technique. HIT cells were transfected with a plasmid, pOK1, containing the upstream region of the rat insulin-1 gene (-345 to +1) linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Co-transfection with a plasmid pRSV beta-gal containing beta-galactosidase driven by the Rous sarcoma virus promoter was used as a control for the efficiency of transfection; expression of CAT activity in transfected HIT cells was normalized by reference to expression of beta-galactosidase. Glucose caused a dose-dependent increase in expression of CAT activity, with a half-maximal effect at 5.5 mM and a maximum response of 4-fold. Mannoheptulose blocked this effect of glucose. Other metabolites (mannose, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and leucine plus glutamine) were also able to increase insulin promoter-driven CAT expression, but galactose and arginine were ineffective. The stimulatory effect of glucose on CAT expression was not blocked by verapamil and was inhibited by increasing extracellular Ca2+ from 0.4 to 5 mM. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and forskolin caused an increase in insulin promoter-driven gene expression in the presence of 1 mM-glucose, but neither agent further increased the level of expression occurring in the presence of a maximally stimulating glucose concentration. The phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also increased insulin promoter-driven CAT expression in the presence of 1 mM-, but not 11 mM-glucose. Staurosporine blocked the stimulatory effect not only of PMA but also of glucose and of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. We conclude that the 5' upstream region of the insulin gene contains sequences responsible for mediating the stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin-gene transcription.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Society without Opposition (2017)

This text seeks to read Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man and Mark Fisher's Capitalist Realism together in the context of what Marcuse calls the 'society without opposition'.It seeks to extract a conception of hope as method from within these two otherwise rather bleak analyses.This shared conception of hope is understood as the attempt to speak from a conception of capitalism as hell, and to continue to speak anyway.The text concludes by defending a conception of hope that haunts rather than a hope that promises.
Electrophoretic analysis of flour proteins from various varieties of wheat (1963)

Abstract Extracts ( O.IM ‐sodium chloride) of fifteen samples of flour, from six types of wheat, have been analysed by moving boundary electrophoresis. The gluten proteins and O.OIM ‐acetic acid extracts of the flours were also examined. Electrophoretic enantiography was quite good for all buffers used. Seven to eleven electrophoretic components were observed for the gluten protein extracts depending on the type of wheat and the extent of resolution. Analyses of the gluten and the acetic acid extracts from flour could be grouped into three categories typified by the Hard Red Spring wheats, the Hard Red Winter wheats and the Durum wheat. Considerably more material was extracted with O.OIM ‐acetic acid from flour than from gluten, including fast migrating (‘salt‐soluble’) and polysaccharide material. In general, patterns for the O.OIM ‐acetic acid extracts of gluten could be superimposed on the patterns for the O.OIM ‐acetic acid extracts of flour. The good reproducibility of the electrophoretic method was demonstrated by three analyses of glutens from a cake flour. Differences in component distribution were observed for the O.IM ‐sodium chloride extracts of flour when analysed in veronal buffer, at least ten components being observed. Greater amounts of slower migrating components were noted in the Hard Red Winter wheats and in the Club wheat than in the Hard Red Spring wheats. Flour samples, analysed in borate buffer, could be divided into four general groups on the basis of their electrophoretic patterns. No differences were observed in the electrophoretic analyses of proteins from bleached and unbleached cake flour.
YM-254890, a Novel Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Produced by Chromobacterium sp. QS3666 (2003)

A novel platelet aggregation inhibitor, YM-254890, was isolated from the culture broth of strain QS3666. This strain was isolated from a soil sample collected at Okutama, Tokyo, Japan, and was identified as Chromobacterium sp. by morphological and physiological criteria. YM-254890 was purified from the culture supernatant by solvent extraction, ODS and silica gel flash chromatography, followed by preparative HPLC. YM-254890 inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma with an IC50 value below 0.6 microM by blocking the P2Y1 receptor-signal transduction pathway.
Application of microseismic technology to hydraulic fracture diagnostics: GRI/DOE Field Fracturing Multi-Sites Project (1995)

The objective of the Field Fracturing Multi-Sites Project (M-Site) is to conduct field experiments and analyze data that will result in definitive determinations of hydraulic fracture dimensions using remote well and treatment well diagnostic techniques. In addition, experiments will be conducted to provide data that will resolve significant unknowns with regard to hydraulic fracture modeling, fracture fluid rheology and fracture treatment design. These experiments will be supported by a well-characterized subsurface environment as well as surface facilities and equipment conducive to acquiring high-quality data. It is anticipated that the project`s research advancements will provide a foundation for a fracture diagnostic service industry and hydraulic fracture optimization based on measured fracture response. The M-Site Project is jointly sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (GRI) and the US Department of Energy (DOE). The site developed for M-Site hydraulic fracture experimentation is the former DOE Multiwell Experiment (MWX) site located near Rifle, Colorado. The MWX project drilled three closely-spaced wells (MWX-1, MWX-2 and MWX-3) which were the basis for extensive reservoir analyses and tight gas sand characterizations in the blanket and lenticular sandstone bodies of the Mesaverde Group. The research results and background knowledge gained from the MWX project are directly applicable to research in the current M-Site Project.
New constraints on Northern Hemisphere growing season net flux (2007)

Observations of the column‐averaged dry molar mixing ratio of CO 2 above both Park Falls, Wisconsin and Kitt Peak, Arizona, together with partial columns derived from aircraft profiles over Eurasia and North America are used to estimate the seasonal integral of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere in the Northern Hemisphere. We find that NEE is ∼25% larger than predicted by the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. We show that the estimates of NEE may have been biased low by too weak vertical mixing in the transport models used to infer seasonal changes in Northern Hemisphere CO 2 mass from the surface measurements of CO 2 mixing ratio.
Serum calprotectin—a promising diagnostic marker for adult-onset Still’s disease (2015)

Calprotectin is a calcium-binding cytosolic protein, mainly expressed in immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of calprotectin for adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), by comparing serum calprotectin concentrations in patients with AOSD (n = 46), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 34), primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS, n = 40), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 39), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 20), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 49). Calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with AOSD (55.26 ± 18.00 ng/ml), compared to patients with RA (39.17 ± 18.90 ng/ml), pSS (35.31 ± 19.47 ng/ml), SLE (32.21 ± 25.01 ng/ml), OA (19.24 ± 10.67 ng/ml), and HCs (8.46 ± 5.17 ng/ml). All the differences were highly significant (p < 0.001). Using receiver-operating characteristic curve, the cut-off value of calprotectin was defined as 45.488 ng/ml, and its sensitivity and specificity for AOSD diagnosis were 63.0 and 80.1%, respectively. The positive rate of calprotectin was significantly higher in AOSD cases compared to patients with other diseases and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Serum calprotectin was positively correlated with ferritin (r = 0.294, p < 0.05), and concentration of hemoglobin was significantly lower in calprotectin-positive patients compared to negative patients in AOSD (103.49 ± 20.21 g/l vs 115.71 ± 15.59 g/l, t = -2.142, p = 0.038). These findings suggest that serum calprotectin may serve as a promising marker for the diagnosis of AOSD and monitor disease activity to a certain extent.
The United States factor in British relations with Latin America (1989)

North American students of the subject habitually bemoan the lack of sustained attention devoted to Latin America by US administrations and Congress. The United States approach, they complain, tends to be episodic and reactive and United States policies to rest, in the words of one critic, ‘on either alarmism or do-goodism’. British Latin Americanists might wish that they had it so good.
Disinfection of Eyelid Specula With Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Hibiclens) After Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity (2000)

Autoclave sterilization is the ideal method of sterilization of eyelid specula between neonate examinations. When an alternative disinfection technique is required, washing the speculum with chlorhexidine gluconate and tap water is preferred over wiping with a 70% isopropyl alcohol swab. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:786-789
Mechanism of Activation of Aluminum by Low Melting Point Elements: Part 1 — Effect of Zinc on Activation of Aluminum in Metastable Pitting (1998)

The effect of a small amount of alloyed Zn (up to 0.13%) on metastable pitting of Al was studied in terms of pit nucleation, propagation, and repassivation in an effort to clarify the mechanism of pitting corrosion of Al. The passive current in 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) was increased by alloyed Zn, but there was no effect of Zn content on pitting potential (Epit) at the 0.02% or 0.13% levels. In studies of current transients below Epit, the frequency of the current spikes showed little or no dependence on Zn content. However, in the propagation stage of metastable pitting, the presence of Zn made the growth rate faster, the growth time prolonged, and the final size larger. Therefore, it could be concluded that alloyed Zn has an effect only on propagation and repassivation of metastable pits and not their nucleation frequency.
Microtubule-associated Proteins Regulate Microtubule Function as the Track for Intracellular Membrane Organelle Transports. (1996)

Axonal microtubules have two essential roles: providing the track for organelle transport and forming the cytoskeletal framework to maintain axonal morphology. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are essential for the formation of cytoskeletal architecture. However, they may have additional roles on the regulation of organelle transport by their interaction with motor proteins on the microtubules. We first examined the effects of axonal MAPs on the organelle movement along microtubules in a heterologous system using COS fibroblasts, which express no axonal MAPs, such as tau or MAP2C. Transfection of tau or MAP2C gene suppressed organelle movement almost completely in this cell type, hence interaction of axonal MAPs with microtubules interferes with organelle transports. It is known that the phosphorylation of MAPs reduces their interaction with microtubules. In this sense, phosphorylation of MAPs can be a good candidate for the molecular switch to regulate the organelle transport. As a second set of experiments, we investigated the effects of modulating cAMP dependent protein kinase pathway on organelle transports in primary sensory neurons, where high-molecular-weight tau protein is the major MAP. We found that the application of dibutyryl cAMP enhanced transports of large organelles in the axon. Furthermore, this drug treatment phosphorylated endogenous tau protein and thus reduced the affinity of tau to microtubules. These results indicate that axonal MAPs can work as a phosphorylation-dependent regulator of organelle transport. Local activation of protein kinase pathways in the axon might play an important role on the segregation of microtubules serving for either organelle transport or cytoskeletal architecture.
Dynamic modeling of the resistance heater element in thermal flying height control sliders (2010)

The dynamic model of a resistance heater element in a thermal flying height control slider is estimated based on step response measurements. The head-disk clearance is measured in two different ways: by only using the servo sectors and by only using the data sectors. A realization algorithm is used for obtaining a 2nd order discrete-time model of the heater element. Based on the model, the feasibility of high-bandwidth dynamic flying height control is discussed.
The biochemical and morphological development of differentiating dopamine neurons co-aggregated with their target cells of the corpus striatum in vitro (1982)

Dopamine neurons from the rostra1 mesencephalic tegmentum of embryonic mouse brain were dissociated and allowed to co-aggregate in vitro with dissociated cells from the embryonic corpus striatum. The differentiation of dopamine neurons in this system was characterized by examining the developmental course of a number of indices of dopaminergic function. Fluorescent cell bodies and patches of punctate pericellular fluorescence due to endogenous dopamine were visualized in the co-aggregates after 14 and 21 days in culture. The punctate pericellular fluorescent pattern resembled that seen in the intact neostriatum. Punctate pericellular fluorescence could be detected in 3-and 7-day co-aggregates only if they were exposed to 1 pM dopamine. The density of the pericellular fluorescence increased with time in culture. Endogenous dopamine levels also increased with time in culture, reaching maximal levels of 22 ng/mg of protein at 21 days. The accumulation and retention of exogenous dopamine followed a developmental course similar to that observed for endogenous dopamine content. At 21 days in culture, the co-aggregates accumulated 11 to 13 times as much dopamine as was accumulated by 3-day cultures. The sensitivity to reserpine and 6hydroxydopamine also was examined. Co-aggregates cultured for 7, 14, or 21 days and pretreated with reserpine (lop7 M) for 24 hr were able to accumulate 54%, 5%, and 6% as much dopamine as untreated cultures, respectively. 6-Hydroxydopamine ( lop4 M) pretreatment produced a similar agedependent decrease in the amount of dopamine accumulated. Such co-aggregates cultured for 7,14, and 21 days accumulated 41%, lo%, and 7% as much dopamine as control cultures, respectively. No significant effect of either reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment was observed in 3-day cultures. Dopamine neuron-containing co-aggregates show an age-dependent development of mechanisms for the synthesis, accumulation, and storage of dopamine and are able to elaborate and maintain axons and terminals in culture. Thus, the dopaminergic neurons in these co-aggregates display characteristics of anatomical, biochemical, and pharmacological development similar to those seen in intact brain. Dopaminergic neurons are important determinants of motor, ingestive, emotional, and neuroendocrine functions in animals, including man Studies on the anatomical and biochemical development of central dopaminergic systems represent an important approach to the understanding of the func-
COMMUNAL ACTIVITY OF BACTERIA (1921)

1. The behavior of a single bacterial cell toward gentian violet differs fundamentally from that of a small group of cells (thirty). 2. The explanation of this phenomenon is not purely quantitative; thirty cells accomplish much more than thirty times what one cell can accomplish.
Evaluation of coal carbonization processes (1977)

A number of processes for carbonization and hydrocarbonization of bituminous coals are available; but only one, the Lurgi-Ruhrgas process, has been developed to a commercial stage at the present time. The others are in various stages of development, including the Coalcon process, which is being scaled up to a demonstration plant. A wide range of yields can be obtained by these processes which are primarily dependent upon coal rank and process operating conditions. Agglomeration of the coal during carbonization can be prevented by a variety of methods. An attractive one appears to be the bed recirculation method. Desulfurization of the liquid and char products can be achieved by additional treatment with hydrogen, but in the case of the char, beneficiation of the feed coal will probably be necessary.
Cost‐efficient nonisolated three‐port DC‐DC converter for EV/HEV applications with energy storage (2019)

Electric vehicle (EV) systems are the promising future transportation system as they play a key role in reducing the atmospheric carbon emission, and it becomes the focal point of research and development in the current epoch. This paper presents the design and development of three-port dc-dc buck-boost converter (TPB2C) applicable for EV. The main feature of the proposed converter is its ability to handle diversified energy sources of different voltage and current characteristics with high output gain. The designed single stage converter with reduced components count can be operated in buck, boost, and buck-boost mode with partial bidirectional power flow capability. In addition, the TPB2C converter could provide buck and boost output simultaneously unlike its counterparts which can output either buck or boost output. In buck mode, the suggested topology charges the battery and thereby eliminates a separate battery management system. Roof top photovoltaic panel and battery are the two input sources for the suggested converter. A small-signal model of the converter is developed using state-space approach, and the steady-state performance of the converter is analyzed comprehensively. The device level simulations carried out in MATLAB-Simulink and the experimental laboratory prototype model are validated using a dSPACE1104 real-time digital controller.
Fundamental Aspects of Reactive Oxygen Species, or What's the Matter with Oxygen? (1999)

A byproduct of normal aerobic metabolism is the generation of dangerously reactive intermediates of the reduction of O2. These include O2-, H2O2, and HO. and arise because of the predisposition of O2 for univalent reductions. These reactive oxygen species (ROS), and others that they can engender, threaten all cellular macromolecules, and defenses are needed. Among those known to date are: superoxide dismutases to convert O2- into O2 + H2O2; catalases to dismute H2O2 into O2 + H2O; and peroxidases to reduce H2O2 into 2H2O) and to reduce ROOH into ROH and H2O. These defenses are aided by enzymes that repair or recycle oxidatively damaged nucleic acids and proteins. A role for such oxidative damage in aging and neurodegenerative diseases is well supported.
Active pixel sensor (APS) package (1999)

Photosensitive IC manufacturers need an inexpensive IC package to process optical input and facilitate the transfer and translation into digital format. Constraints result from two primary product considerations: (1) total product cost for typical PC peripheral (i.e., stationery camera) is $100 or less, and (2) photo sensor IC's require window access to IC. Standard IC packages do not work; few allow for window covers. Custom packages are typically too expensive. Also, tooling inhibits product modification and/or improvement. Two types of Special CSP's are illustrated, LGA (ceramic version) and QFP (plastic package). Design considerations meet customer requirement involving: through hole on ceramic, SMT assembly processes, low leakage, cleanliness, low cost.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDIES OF AN EYE AFTER SUBMACULAR MEMBRANECTOMY FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION (1995)

Submacular membranectomy for recurrent subfoveal CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration after two unsuccessful laser photocoagulation treatments appeared to be effective with repopulation of two thirds of the area of membranectomy by extension of attenuated retinal pigment epithelium from adjacent areas. There was, however, persistence or recurrence of CNV, moderate atrophy of the overlying retina with total loss of the photoreceptor cells over the central 0.5 mm of the membrane, and moderate loss of the photoreceptor cells over the remaining area.
Assimilating Airborne Doppler Radar Observations with an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Convection-Permitting Hurricane Initialization and Prediction: Katrina (2005) (2011)

Abstract Through a Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF)-based ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation system, the impact of assimilating airborne radar observations for the convection-permitting analysis and prediction of Hurricane Katrina (2005) is examined in this study. A forecast initialized from EnKF analyses of airborne radar observations had substantially smaller hurricane track forecast errors than NOAA’s operational forecasts and a control forecast initialized from NCEP analysis data for lead times up to 120 h. Verifications against independent in situ and remotely sensed observations show that EnKF analyses successfully depict the inner-core structure of the hurricane vortex in terms of both dynamic (wind) and thermodynamic (temperature and moisture) fields. In addition to the improved analyses and deterministic forecast, an ensemble of forecasts initiated from the EnKF analyses also provided forecast uncertainty estimates for the hurricane track and intensity. Also documented here are the details of a series of data thinning and quality control procedures that were developed to generate superobservations from large volumes of airborne radial velocity measurements. These procedures have since been implemented operationally on the NOAA hurricane reconnaissance aircraft that allows for more efficient real-time transmission of airborne radar observations to the ground.
Foundations of Fuzzy Systems (1994)

From the Publisher:
The strength of this book lies in its clear and precise examination of the theory of fuzzy systems. A rigorous study of the principles of fuzzy set theory supports the book's fundamental aim, which is to promote the development of fuzzy systems for successful real-world applications. The authors highlight two important application areas: approximate reasoning in knowledge-based systems, and fuzzy control. Reflecting the state of the art in fuzzy systems research, the book is both comprehensive and practical in its approach. Its illustration of key concepts is based on a detailed analysis of the underlying semantics. Each chapter is enhanced by useful historical notes and extensive references. The book presents several industrial case studies and exercises designed to increase its appeal to advanced students and researchers in computer science, applied mathematics and engineering.