gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser speckle velocimeter using self-mixing laser diode (1996)

We have built a novel laser speckle velocimeter using a self-mixing laser diode (SM-LD). The speckle signal obtained by the measurement system has a waveform independent of the target velocity when the same path on the target surface is iteratively measured. The mean frequency of the speckle signal is directly proportional to the target velocity when the laser beam spot diameter is kept constant, and greater than 0.36 mm. The mean speckle signal frequency is automatically measured by using a computer. Its measurement error is inversely proportional to the scanned length, and is 2% for 100 mm. It is possible to detect velocity of the target transversely moving across the laser light beam using this compact measuring system.
The damper levels influence on vehicle roll, pitch, bounce and cornering behaviour of passenger vehicles - A study in cooperation with Volvo Car Corporation (2013)

The competition within the automotive industry is increasing. It is therefore important to reduce the resources and time spent on developing new vehicles. A significant part of the development is the chassis tuning which consumes a lot of time and resources. Dampers have a key role in chassis tuning and a better understanding of how the level of damping affects the vehicle behaviour could reduce both the number of prototypes built and the time spent on chassis tuning. This thesis investigates the possibility to develop a tool which captures the vehicle behaviour accurately enough to be used for choosing damper levels in the concept phase and as an aid in the tuning of dampers. A Simulink model was developed together with a graphical user interface allowing the user to easily change the level of damping and run simulations. In order to validate the model and see how changes to the level of damping affect the vehicle behaviour, both subjective and objective tests were performed for different damper configurations. It was found that the changes in vehicle behaviour for the various damper levels had a good correlation between the simulation model and the results from the physical tests. However in absolute numbers differences were found between simulations and objective tests. In order to verify the simulation model a limited number of objective tests are required. The tested vehicle should also be measured properly in order to receive better input data to the simulation model.The study found that the pitch balance in the vehicle is mostly affected by the difference in compression and rebound damping between the front and rear dampers. Lower damping at low vertical wheel velocities has a negative impact on roll control. This can to a limited extent be compensated with higher roll stiffness. A good balance between the front and rear damping is also required in order to have good connection to the road and make the vehicle feel more comfortable.\nThe subjective and objective evaluation showed that it might be the time lag between lateral acceleration and steering wheel angle is a good indication of the vehicles turn-in capabilities and that the roll angle time lag determines the response. However more objective and subjective tests are required in order to confirm this connection. A better understanding of how to define good vehicle behaviour objectively is also required if the tool should be used in the concept phase.
Early experience with a novel plaque excision system for the treatment of complex coronary lesions (2003)

The use of directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) in current practice has been limited. The SilverHawk System is a newly developed plaque excision device that aims to overcome the drawbacks of prior DCA platforms. The device was evaluated in a porcine coronary model and in a series of patients. Procedural variables along with outcomes were reviewed. Quantitative angiography (QCA) was performed and excised tissue fragments were weighed and examined histologically. In porcine cases, pretreatment MLD increased from 0.51 +/- 0.26 to 2.36 +/- 0.59 mm postdebulking and 19.9 +/- 7.6 mg of tissue was retrieved. In human cases, pretreatment MLD increased from 0.8 +/- 0.4 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm postdebulking and 15.2 +/- 7.8 mg of tissue was retrieved without complications. These data show that the SilverHawk System may offer significant utility in treating a wide variety of complex coronary lesions.
Synthesis of nitidine (8,9-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2,3-methylenedioxybenzo[c]phenanthridinium); a comparison of electrochemical and photochemical methods (1977)

Electrochemical reduction of the 2-bromo-N-methyl-N-naphthylbenzamide (5) gave a 1-phenylnaphthalene derivative and no benzophenanthridone. The latter was the sole product from photocyclisation of the amide (5). The electrochemical reaction generates an aryl radical which attacks the adjacent naphthalene ring to give the product isolated, whereas the photoreaction probably proceeds by cyclisation of the excited state of (5) to form a new six-membered ring and then loss of hydrogen bromide. The benzophenanthridone was converted into nitidine tetra-fluoroborate.
Introduction to Surface Electromyography (1998)

This book, written by experienced physical therapists, contains 14 chapters, arranged in two parts. The first part delivers a direct treatise of the history of surface EMG, the anatomy and physiology necessary to understand its origin, the equipment and electrodes used to record the signal and various paradigms focusing on assessment of function/dysfunction of body muscles and joints. The second part consists of a valuable atlas elucidating the correct placement of electrodes on most superficial muscles of the human anatomy which lend themselves to proper evaluation by surface recordings. While it is clear that the text was written primarily for the practising physical therapist interested in most up-to-date, effective evaluation of function/dysfunction, the book is valuable to many other professionals engaged in recording surface EMG in their daily activities. Individuals engaged in gait analysis, rehabilitation, biomechanics, functional assessment and sports research would probably find the information useful in their routine daily work. The text could be of potential use as an educational material in an introductory course on EMG for physical therapists and others, including a laboratory exposure. The questions at the end of the chapters in the first part and the correct answers at the end of the book are highly useful for students taking such a course.
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and families (2016)

TF-CBT is an effective and widely used treatment for addressing childhood trauma.
Increased Mixing Improves Hydrogel Homogeneity and Quality of Three-Dimensional Printed Constructs (2010)

As the tissue engineering and drug delivery communities place greater emphasis on producing constructs of prescribed geometry and organization, three-dimensional printing is becoming as an increasingly important technique. While numerous tissue printing techniques have emerged, little has been done to characterize the properties of printing inks and the resultant effects on geometric fidelity, cell viability, and mechanical integrity. These questions have been neglected largely because of the lack of methods to characterize the real-time properties of printing inks. We present a novel technique for characterizing the homogeneity of hydrogel tissue printing inks that measures loads during ink deposition and its temporal variation, called, mechanical noise. We then used this technique to determine the effects of increased mixing on the homogeneity of alginate hydrogels and determined whether this results in improved geometric fidelity of printed constructs. We also studied potential adverse effects on cell viability and mechanical integrity of printed parts. Increased mixing between alginate and crosslinker to 128 cycles yielded an 82% reduction in mechanical noise. Geometric fidelity also improved with this increased mixing, in terms of a smoother surface texture, better matching of the target geometry, and fewer point defects. Viability was not adversely affected by increased mixing, and it actually improved by 34% with a 45 min curing time. As mixing before printing was increased from 8 to 200 cycles, the modulus also increased by 110% from 4.0 ± 0.1 to 8.4 ± 1.0 kPa. The results presented herein motivate a radical shift in alginate printing protocol, and also propose a useful methodology for characterizing three-dimensional printing materials.
Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration (2015)

Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions.
Regularized reconstruction of absorbing and phase objects from a single in-line hologram, application to fluid mechanics and micro-biology (2018)

Reconstruction of phase objects is a central problem in digital holography, whose various applications include microscopy, biomedical imaging, and fluid mechanics. Starting from a single in-line hologram, there is no direct way to recover the phase of the diffracted wave in the hologram plane. The reconstruction of absorbing and phase objects therefore requires the inversion of the non-linear hologram formation model. We propose a regularized reconstruction method that includes several physically-grounded constraints such as bounds on transmittance values, maximum/minimum phase, spatial smoothness or the absence of any object in parts of the field of view. To solve the non-convex and non-smooth optimization problem induced by our modeling, a variable splitting strategy is applied and the closed-form solution of the sub-problem (the so-called proximal operator) is derived. The resulting algorithm is efficient and is shown to lead to quantitative phase estimation on reconstructions of accurate simulations of in-line holograms based on the Mie theory. As our approach is adaptable to several in-line digital holography configurations, we present and discuss the promising results of reconstructions from experimental in-line holograms obtained in two different applications: the tracking of an evaporating droplet (size ∼ 100μm) and the microscopic imaging of bacteria (size ∼ 1μm).
Synthesis of Defined Polymers by Reversible Addition—Fragmentation Chain Transfer: The RAFT Process (2000)

Free radical polymerization in the presence of thiocarbonylthio compounds of general structure Z-C(=S)S-R provides living polymers of predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution by a process of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer. A rationale for selecting the most appropriate thiocarbonylthio compounds for a particular monomer type is presented with reference to the polymerization of methacrylates, styrenes, acrylates, acrylamides and vinyl acetate. The efficacy of the process is further demonstrated by the synthesis of narrow polydispersity polystyrene-block-poly(methyl acrylate)- block-polystyrene and 4-armed star polystyrene.
Pivotal role for glycogen synthase kinase–3 in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis in mice (2009)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis depends on the balance between self renewal and lineage commitment, but what regulates this decision is not well understood. Using loss-of-function approaches in mice, we found that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk3) plays a pivotal role in controlling the decision between self renewal and differentiation of HSCs. Disruption of Gsk3 in BM transiently expanded phenotypic HSCs in a betta-catenin-dependent manner, consistent with a role for Wnt signaling in HSC homeostasis. However, in assays of long-term HSC function, disruption of Gsk3 progressively depleted HSCs through activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This long-term HSC depletion was prevented by mTOR inhibition and exacerbated by betta-catenin knockout. Thus, GSK-3 regulated both Wnt and mTOR signaling in mouse HSCs, with these pathways promoting HSC self renewal and lineage commitment, respectively, such that inhibition of Gsk3 in the presence of rapamycin expanded the HSC pool in vivo. These findings identify unexpected functions for GSK-3 in mouse HSC homeostasis, suggest a therapeutic approach to expand HSCs in vivo using currently available medications that target GSK-3 and mTOR, and provide a compelling explanation for the clinically prevalent hematopoietic effects observed in individuals prescribed the GSK-3 inhibitor lithium.
Aldosterone in Chronic Kidney and Cardiac Disease (2003)

Eberhard Ritz Regulatory systems, which are normally involved in homeostasis, can take on maladaptive roles. This paradoxical situation has been convincingly demonstrated in heart failure. The evidence is strongest with respect to the beneficial effects of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-
Low-frequency quantitative ultrasound imaging of cell death <i>in vivo</i> (2013)

In summary, the results provide preclinical evidence, for the first time, that quantitative ultrasound used at a clinically relevant frequency, in addition to high-frequency ultrasound, can detect tissue changes associated with cell death in vivo in response to cancer treatments.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β regulates Tyr307 phosphorylation of protein phosphatase-2A via protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B but not Src (2011)

GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β), a crucial tau kinase, negatively regulates PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), the most active tau phosphatase that is suppressed in the brain in AD (Alzheimer's disease). However, the molecular mechanism is not understood. In the present study we found that activation of GSK-3β stimulates the inhibitory phosphorylation of PP2A at Tyr307 (pY307-PP2A), whereas inhibition of GSK-3β decreased the level of pY307-PP2A both in vitro and in vivo. GSK-3β is a serine/threonine kinase that can not phosphorylate tyrosine directly, therefore we measured PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) and Src (a tyrosine kinase) activities. We found that GSK-3β can modulate both PTP1B and Src protein levels, but it only inhibits PTP1B activity, with no effect on Src. Furthermore, only knockdown of PTP1B but not Src by siRNA (small interfering RNA) eliminates the effects of GSK-3β on PP2A. GSK-3β phosphorylates PTP1B at serine residues, and activation of GSK-3β reduces the mRNA level of PTP1B. Additionally, we also observed that GSK-3 negatively regulates the protein and mRNA levels of PP2A, and knockdown of CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) abolishes the increase in PP2A induced by GSK-3 inhibition. The results of the present study suggest that GSK-3β inhibits PP2A by increasing the inhibitory Tyr307 phosphorylation and decreasing the expression of PP2A, and the mechanism involves inhibition of PTP1B and CREB.
Towards detection of motion-induced radiation (2009)

The approach is feasible, has been implemented and has stood legal challenge. The assessors judge and report all the evidence they collect and may not select from it. All their judgements are included and the voice of the lay assessor is preserved. Taken together, the output from both phases forms an important basis for remediation and training should it be required.
Generating Adversarial Malware Examples for Black-Box Attacks Based on GAN (2017)

Machine learning has been used to detect new malware in recent years, while malware authors have strong motivation to attack such algorithms. Malware authors usually have no access to the detailed structures and parameters of the machine learning models used by malware detection systems, and therefore they can only perform black-box attacks. This paper proposes a generative adversarial network (GAN) based algorithm named MalGAN to generate adversarial malware examples, which are able to bypass black-box machine learning based detection models. MalGAN uses a substitute detector to fit the black-box malware detection system. A generative network is trained to minimize the generated adversarial examples' malicious probabilities predicted by the substitute detector. The superiority of MalGAN over traditional gradient based adversarial example generation algorithms is that MalGAN is able to decrease the detection rate to nearly zero and make the retraining based defensive method against adversarial examples hard to work.
A rule engine for query transformation in Starburst and IBM DB2 C/S DBMS (2002)

The complexity of queries in relational DBMSs is increasing, particularly in the decision support area and interactive client sewer environments. This calls for a more powerful and flexible optimization of complex queries. H. Pirahesh et al. (1992) introduced query rewrite as a distinct query optimization phase mainly targeted to responding to this requirement. This approach has enabled us to extensively enrich the optimization rules in our system. Further, it has made it easier to incrementally enrich and adapt the system as need arises. Examples of such query optimizations are predicate pushdown, subquery and magic sets transformations, and decorrelating subquery. We describe the design and implementation of a rule engine for query rewrite optimization. Each transformation is implemented as a rule which consists of a pair of rule condition and action. Rules can be grouped into rule classes for higher efficiency, better understandability and more extensibility. The rule engine has a number of novelties in that it supports a full spectrum of control-from totally data driven to totally procedural. Furthermore, it incorporates a budget control scheme for controlling the resources taken for query optimization as well as guaranteeing the termination of rule execution. The rule engine and a suite of query rewrite rules have been implemented in Starburst relational DBMS prototype and a significant portion of this technology has been integrated into IBM DB2 Common Server relational DBMS.
gdhB, a gene encoding a second quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in Pantoea citrea, is required for pink disease of pineapple (1999)

The pink disease of pineapple, caused by the bacterium Pantoea citrea, is characterized by a dark coloration on fruit slices after canning. A glucose dehydrogenase (Gdh) encoded by the gdhA gene has been implicated in the colour formation activity of P. citrea. In this paper it has been shown that P. citrea contains a second, homologous gdh gene and its product, GdhB, represents the main source of Gdh activity in this organism. Unlike gdhA, gdhB is constitutively expressed during the exponential phase of growth and is induced in stationary phase. A previously isolated chemical mutant, CMC6, which is deficient in Gdh activity and pink disease formation, failed to express gdhB during the stationary phase of growth. The CMC6 mutant can be complemented by a 54 bp DNA fragment located upstream of gdhA. This fragment, which contains an operator-like 11 bp inverted repeat, strongly enhances the expression of gdhA, probably by titrating away a negative effector of its expression. These results illustrate the complex interplay operating between the two gdh genes and emphasize the role of glucose metabolism in the pathway leading to pink disease.
Correction of Ocean-Bottom Seismometers random clock drift artifacts (2015)

Summary Seismic data recorded with ocean bottom seismometers generally suffers from clock drift errors. A linear component of the drift can be easily removed from the data by comparing the ocean bottom seismometer's clock to the global positioning system's clock before and after the experiment, but non-linear and random components of the drift are not removed by this simple approach. In this work, we deal with this problem as a simple static shift problem and efficiently remove the clock drift effect on the recorded seismic data. Examples using ocean bottom seismometer field data from offshore West Africa are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the method and the quality of the results.
Generation of nondiffracting Bessel beams by use of a spatial light modulator (2003)

A laser beam with phase singularities is an interesting object to study in optics and may have important applications in guiding atoms and molecules. We explore the characteristics of a singularity in a nondiffracting Bessel beam experimentally by use of a programmable spatial light modulator with 64-level phase holograms. The diffraction efficiency with 64-level phase holograms is greatly improved in comparison with that obtained with a binary grating. The experiments show that the size and deflection angle of the beam can be controlled in real time. The observations are in agreement with scalar diffraction theory.
Microencapsulation to reduce mechanical loss of microspheres: implications in myocardial cell therapy (2010)

We concluded that suboptimal functional improvement in this animal model starts at 1.5 × 10(6) cells and does not respond to escalating cell doses. Improving mechanical retention is possible by increasing the size of the injectate. Microencapsulation could be used to encapsulate donor cells and facilitate functional improvement in cellular heart failure therapy.
Computational Topology: An Introduction (2009)

Combining concepts from topology and algorithms, this book delivers what its title promises: an introduction to the field of computational topology. Starting with motivating problems in both mathematics and computer science and building up from classic topics in geometric and algebraic topology, the third part of the text advances to persistent homology. This point of view is critically important in turning a mostly theoretical field of mathematics into one that is relevant to a multitude of disciplines in the sciences and engineering. The main approach is the discovery of topology through alg
Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke (2007)

Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke remains multifaceted and includes several aspects of care that have not been tested in clinical trials. This statement includes recommendations for management from the first contact by emergency medical services personnel through initial admission to the hospital. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the most beneficial proven intervention for emergency treatment of stroke. Several interventions, including intra-arterial administration of thrombolytic agents and mechanical interventions, show promise. Because many of the recommendations are based on limited data, additional research on treatment of acute ischemic stroke is needed.
Erratum: Energy spectra of gamma rays, electrons, and neutrinos produced at interactions of relativistic protons with low energy radiation [Phys. Rev. D<b>78</b>, 034013 (2008)] (2010)

Received 19 October 2010DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.099901© 2010 The American Physical Society