gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information processing model of information technology adaptation (2005)

Appropriate information technology (IT) diffusion facilitates the achievement of expected return on IT investments. The purpose of this study is to advance IT diffusion research by employing information processing theory as a lens with which to examine the adaptation (design, development, and installation) process. This is in contrast to much of the IT diffusion research, which focuses on factors affecting usage of an IT by members of an organization. We link information processing theory to the innovation diffusion literature by considering attributes of the IT and those of the adopting organization in order to determine what information processing media characteristics will lead to effective adaptation. An IT adaptation case study is also employed to build on and extend elements of information processing and innovation diffusion theories. These exercises result in an information processing model of IT adaptation.The model suggests that appropriately matching information processing volume and richness to uncertainty and equivocality reduction requirements of an IT innovation contributes to successful IT adaptation. Propositions are offered that provide guidance for achieving this match by outlining relationships among IT and organization attributes, as well as indicating how those attributes determine levels of uncertainty and equivocality. Further, the propositions suggest how organizations can appropriately manage uncertainty and equivocality during IT adaptation.
Developing Novel Nonnucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Beyond the Butterfly (2006)

To date three nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. A limiting factor in the effectiveness of these agents is the development of resistance, manifested by amino acid substitutions within the virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT). Understanding the mechanism of action of these agents and how resistance develops have broadened the field of NNRTI research to elucidate structural and biochemical features of inhibition in hopes of creating better inhibitors. In this review, the history of NNRTIs will preface the many studies characterizing inhibition and the development of a new paradigm for understanding the molecular mechanism of drug resistance to NNRTIs. Combination therapies including nonnucleoside inhibitors will be discussed, concluding with remarks on potential new inhibitors.
Implementation of High Power RF Devices with Hybrid Workfunction and OxideThickness in 22nm Low-Power FinFET Technology (2019)

Unique High-Power FinFET device with multiple workfunction materials and oxide thickness under a common gate, dubbed as HyPowerFF, is introduced. The proposed devices are as reliable as high-voltage IO devices with up to 7.1V of breakdown voltage and provide 290GHz of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> suitable for power-efficient RF power-amplifier (PA) design.
Molecular Thin Films: A New Type of Magnetic Switch (2007)

The magnetic coupling of flexible metal phthalocyanine (MPc) thin films can be modified depending on the polymorphic form adopted by the crystals. A simple annealing procedure can switch the couplings from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic (MnPc) or paramagnetic (CuPc), opening up avenues for spintronic applications. Density functional and perturbation theories rationalize these trends and attribute the coupling mechanism to indirect exchange.
Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) Reduces Replication Stress in Glioblastoma Cells (2013)

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) belongs to the subfamily of AMP-activated Ser/Thr protein kinases. The expression of MELK is very high in glioblastoma-type brain tumors, but it is not clear how this contributes to tumor growth. Here we show that the siRNA-mediated loss of MELK in U87 MG glioblastoma cells causes a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest accompanied by cell death or a senescence-like phenotype that can be rescued by the expression of siRNA-resistant MELK. This cell cycle arrest is mediated by an increased expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, and is associated with the hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and the down-regulation of E2F target genes. The increased expression of p21 can be explained by the consecutive activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), Chk2, and p53. Intriguingly, the activation of p53 in MELK-deficient cells is not due to an increased stability of p53 but stems from the loss of MDMX (mouse double minute-X), an inhibitor of p53 transactivation. The activation of the ATM-Chk2 pathway in MELK-deficient cells is associated with the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks during replication, as demonstrated by the appearance of γH2AX foci. Replication stress in these cells is also illustrated by an increased number of stalled replication forks and a reduced fork progression speed. Our data indicate that glioblastoma cells have elevated MELK protein levels to better cope with replication stress during unperturbed S phase. Hence, MELK inhibitors hold great potential for the treatment of glioblastomas as such or in combination with DNA-damaging therapies.
Development of the MACARM - a Novel Cable Robot for Upper Limb Neurorehabilitation (2005)

This paper describes the design and operation of the multi-axis cartesian-based arm rehabilitation machine (MACARM), a new cable (wire) robot for upper limb rehabilitation. The prototype configuration is comprised of an array of 8 motors mounted at the corners of a cubic support frame that provides, via cables, 6 degree of freedom (DOF) control of a centrally located end-effector. A 6 DOF load cell mounted on the end-effector provides force measurement. Given its relatively simple architecture, the MACARM may provide an attractive alternative to serial robots for use in neurorehabilitation.
Proteomic Analysis of Arginine Adducts on Glyoxal-modified Ribonuclease (2004)

Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on proteins is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Although the overall extent of modification of protein by AGEs is limited, localization of these modifications at a few critical sites might have a significant effect on protein structure and function. In the present study, we describe the sites of modification of RNase by glyoxal under physiological conditions. Arg39 and Arg85, which are closest to the active site of the enzyme, were identified as the primary sites of formation of the glyoxal-derived dihydroxyimidazolidine and hydroimidazolone adducts. Lower amounts of modification were detected at Arg10, while Arg33 appeared to be unmodified. We conclude that dihydroxyimidazolidine adducts are the primary products of modification of protein by glyoxal, that Arg39 and Arg85 are the primary sites of modification of RNase by glyoxal, and that modification of arginine residues during Maillard reactions of proteins is a highly selective process.
A speaker-independent continuous speech recognition system using continuous mixture Gaussian density HMM of phoneme-sized units (1993)

The author describes a large vocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition system which is based on hidden Markov modeling (HMM) of phoneme-sized acoustic units using continuous mixture Gaussian densities. A bottom-up merging algorithm is developed for estimating the parameters of the mixture Gaussian densities, where the resultant number of mixture components is proportional to both the sample size and dispersion of training data. A compression procedure is developed to construct a word transcription dictionary from the acoustic-phonetic labels of sentence utterances. A modified word-pair grammar using context-sensitive grammatical parts is incorporated to constrain task difficulty. The Viterbi beam search is used for decoding. The segmental K-means algorithm is implemented as a baseline for evaluating the bottom-up merging technique. The system has been evaluated on the TIMIT database (1990) for a vocabulary size of 853. For test set perplexities of 24, 104, and 853, the decoding word accuracies are 90.9%, 86.0%, and 62.9%, respectively. For the perplexity of 104, the decoding accuracy achieved by using the merging algorithm is 4.1% higher than that using the segmental K-means (22.8% error reduction), and the decoding accuracy using the compressed dictionary is 3.0% higher than that using a standard dictionary (18.1% error reduction).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies of structural disorder in ReBa2Cu3O7−x thin films (Re=rare earth) as a function of rare-earth ionic radius and film deposition conditions (1994)

Structural disorder in expanded “c” parameter ReBa2Cu3O7−x (Re=rare earth) thin films grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering has been quantified by undertaking Rietveld refinements of X-ray data. In order to understand why the disorder occurs, we have focused on determining the factors which influence the amount of disorder, such as growth conditions, rare-earth ion size, and overall composition. To understand more about the disordering mechanism, some additional comparative growth experiments with bulk samples have been carried out. For YBa2Cu3O7−x films, low oxygen growth pressures and temperatures give rise to disordered films with enlarged “c” parameters and degraded superconducting properties. There is a correlation between (00l) to (006) peak intensity ratios and the “c” parameter with the amount of disorder in the films. In the most disordered YBa2Cu3O7−x films, as much as 14% Y and Ba cation exchange, and a large fraction of apical oxygen vacancies have been found. The effect of smaller rare-earth ions is to decrease the amount of cation disorder. However, as was shown for YbBa2Cu3O7−x films, there are structural vacancies in the rare-earth site and Tc is reduced. A model for the disordering mechanism is proposed based on the kinetic and thermodynamic driving forces for the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x from the disordered, precursor phase, Re0.33Ba0.66CuOy.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations which cause decreased susceptibility to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (1992)

To investigate whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations are selected during prolonged 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) therapy, we used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a portion of the reverse transcriptase segment of the pol gene from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA of a patient with AIDS before and after an 80-week course of ddC therapy. The consensus sequence from the second sample contained a unique double mutation (ACT to GAT) in the codon for reverse transcriptase amino acid 69, causing substitution of aspartic acid (Asp) for the wild-type threonine (Thr). A mutation (ACA to ATA) also occurred in the codon for position 165, causing substitution of isoleucine (Ile) for Thr. The GAT (Asp) codon was introduced into the pol gene of a molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus via site-directed mutagenesis. Following transfection, mutant and wild-type viruses were tested for susceptibility to ddC by a plaque reduction assay. The mutant virus was fivefold less susceptible to ddC than the wild type; cross-resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine or 2'3'-dideoxyinosine was not found. The Ile-165 mutation did not confer additional ddC resistance. The Asp-69 substitution may have contributed to the generation of resistant virus in this patient.
Ultrasonic Guided Wave Imaging Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring (2009)

Ultrasonic guided waves, due to their capability of interrogating a large structure from a single sensor position, have been proven as a promising tool for structural health monitoring. In this article, we present two imaging approaches of utilizing guided wave leave-in-place sensors for early detection of defects in plate-like structures. The first approach is based on a guided wave tomographic technique, in which the region surrounded by a sparse sensor array is monitored. The second one is a phased array approach, in which sensors are attached to a structure in a compact format to form an array. The region subjected to inspection and monitoring is the region outside the array. Both techniques have shown excellent capability of determining damage size, location, and severity.
Aircraft power systems: technology, state of the art, and future trends (2000)

The fundamental issues faced in the aircraft electrical power systems are addressed. A brief description of the conventional and advanced aircraft power system architectures, their disadvantages, opportunities for improvement, future electric loads, role of power electronics, and present trends in aircraft power system research is given, followed by a brief outline of projected future advancements.
Detection of bacterial metabolites in spent culture media and body fluids by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. (1977)

Electron capture gas-liquid chromatography, when used to analyze derivatized extracts of spent culture media and body fluids under specified conditions, holds promise as a tool for use by physicians, hospitals, and clinical laboratories in identifying certain diseases and disease-producing organisms. The detection of certain disease processes and the identification of disease-producing organisms are based on qualitative or large quantitative differences in EC-GLC profiles or a combination of both. Various practical procedures are given for extracting and derivatizing compounds, such as carboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, alcohols, amines, and nitrosamines. The characteristics of the parameters essential for successful analysis are discussed. Species and, in some cases, strains have been differentiated by comparing EC-GLC profiles. Metabolic products are affected by change in substrate. Media that can be reproduced from lot to lot are essential in some studies. The volatile components detected by EC-GLC in spent culture media consist mostly of bacterial metabolites, but the volatile compounds detected in body fluids may be bacterial metabolites, volatile components produced by the host in response to an infection, metabolites of cells associated with host defense, or a combination of two or more of these groups of compounds. The EC-GLC profiles obtained by analysis of synovial and cerebrospinal fluids appear to have good potential for use in diagnosing certain forms of arthritis and meningitis. Well-documented samples are essential to establishing EC-GLC profiles representative of a particular disease. A moderately priced computer would greatly aid in data processing and could be especially useful in compensating for minor changes in the retention times of peaks, which can occur as a result of column aging or when columns are renewed. An approach to the identification of components detected by EC-GLC, which makes use of electron capture gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, is presented.
Silicon Schottky retinas for infrared imaging (1973)

Silicon Schottky barrier diode arrays, operating in a high sensitivity storage mode, provide the basis for a new class of IR imaging sensor. A Pd on p-Si retina which has a wavelength dependent quantum efficiency from 1 to 3.5 µm is described, This device has a noise equivalent temperature of .17K against a 300K background. The operating temperature is 120K and retina nonuniformities cause negligible reduction in sensitivity.
Leaky Waveguide: TE/sup cir//sub 01/ Circular Waveguide Periodic Array of Circular Apertures (1969)

This paper describes propagation characteristics of periodic leaky waveguides for helix waveguides and solid metal waveguides carrying a TE/sup cir//sub 01/ mode based primarily on experimental studies. For low-loss leaky waveguides, this type has not been considered feasible, because of the critical problem encountered in mode conversion-reconversion at the circular apertures. Additional loss due to the periodic array of the circular apertures and TE/sup cir//sub 01/ loss/frequency characteristics of the periodic leaky waveguide using helix waveguides and solid metal waveguides are measured by the shuffle-pulse method in the X-band. The periodic leaky waveguides using solid metal waveguides are seen to be acceptable for practical use as a low-loss leaky waveguide system, according to these measurements.
Ionic liquid based microemulsion method for the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate)–TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite as a highly efficient visible light photocatalyst (2014)

A novel PMMA/TiO<sub>2</sub>/IL photocatalyst has been prepared and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of MB dye under visible light.
Community Equilibria and Stability, and an Extension of the Competitive Exclusion Principle (1970)

It is shown in this paper that no stable equilibrium can be attained in an ecological community in which some r of the components are limited by less than r limiting factors. The limiting factors are thus put forward as those aspects of the niche crucial in the determination of whether species can coexist. For example, consider the following simple food web: Despite the similar positions occupied by the two prey species in this web, it is possible for them to coexist if each is limited by an independent combination of predation and resource limitation, since then two independent factors are serving to limit two species. On the other hand, if two species feed on distinct but superabundant food sources, but are limited by the same single predator, they cannot continue to coexist indefinitely. Thus these two species, although apparently filling distinct ecological niches, cannot survive together. In general, each species will increase if the predator becomes scarce, will decrease where it is abundant, and will have a characteristic threshold predator level at which it stabilizes. That species with the higher threshold level will be on the increase when the other is not, and will tend to replace the other in the community. If the two have comparable threshold values, which is certainly possible, any equilibrium reached between the two will be highly variable, and no stable equilibrium situation will result. This is not the same as dismissing this situation as "infinitely unlikely," which is not an acceptable argument in this case. Hutchinson's point of the preceding section vividly illustrates this. The results of this paper improve on existing results in three ways. First, they eliminate the restriction that all species are resource-limited, a restriction persistent in the literature. Second, the results relate in general to periodic equilibria rather than to constant equilibria. Third, the nature of the proof relates to the crucial question of the behavior of trajectories near the proposed equilibrium, and provides insight into the behavior of the system when there is an insufficient number of limiting factors.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Muci-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and CD137 Co-Stimulation in a Spontaneous Mammary Cancer Model (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Adoptive Immunotherapy
New sesquiterpene and phenolic glucosides from <i>Saussurea involucrata</i> (2007)

One new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glucoside (1) and one new phenolic glucoside (2) were isolated from the whole herb of Saussurea involucrata. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectral analysis.
Use of Vector Velocity Estimate Accuracy for Improved Resource Allocation in a Network of Doppler Radars (2008)

To help optimize the real time scanning of an adaptive radar network, it is necessary to define a performance metric for weighing the competing scanning tasks. A point volume vector velocity estimation methodology can be used in this context to derive the confidence bounds of the vector velocity estimator that can, in turn, be utilized as a quality indicator in devising scanning strategies. This document presents the basic derivation of this estimation process and provides examples of processed weather moment data.
R. v. Hape [2007] S.C.C. 26 Supreme Court of Canada (2007)

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Display of surfaces from volume data (1988)

The application of volume-rendering techniques to the display of surfaces from sampled scalar functions of three spatial dimensions is discussed. It is not necessary to fit geometric primitives to the sampled data; images are formed by directly shading each sample and projecting it onto the picture plane. Surface-shading calculations are performed at every voxel with local gradient vectors serving as surface normals. In a separate step, surface classification operators are applied to compute a partial opacity of every voxel. Operators that detect isovalue contour surfaces and region boundary surfaces are examined. The technique is simple and fast, yet displays surfaces exhibiting smooth silhouettes and few other aliasing artifacts. The use of selective blurring and supersampling to further improve image quality is described. Examples from molecular graphics and medical imaging are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffraction-based laser projection using liquid crystal displays (2011)

In this paper we present the functionality of a holographic laser projector used to reproduce two-dimensional image sequences. First, we present real-time capable algorithms which are used for converting images into phase holograms. The phase holograms produce high quality reconstructions of the target images in ideal simulations. Secondly, we briefly describe the characteristics of a typical hold-type spatial light modulator (SLM) based on liquid crystal technology. We show how to model the characteristics of such an SLM and we simulate and describe the influence of its properties on image reconstruction quality.
Practical Issues and Algorithms for Analyzing Terrorist Networks 1 (2002)

In social network analysis, graphs are used to model relationships between actors or participants in a social setting. Each node or vertex in the graph represents a participant or actor. Each link or edge represents a connection or relationship between two participants. A variety of graph algorithms have been developed to analyze the structure of social networks and to assess the roles or importance of the individual players. Since the September 11 bombing of the World Trade Center, social network analysis has emerged as a potential vehicle for modeling and analyzing the structure of terrorist networks [10, 15].