gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Citrate Coordination and Bridging of Gold Nanoparticles: The Role of Gold Adatoms in AuNP Aging (2020)

Gold nanoparticles used in many types of nanostructure are mostly stabilized by citrate ligands. Fully understanding their dynamic surface chemistry is thus essential for applications, particularly since aging is frequently a problem. Using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, we are able to determine Au-citrate coordination in liquid with minimal invasiveness. We show that citrate coordination is mostly bidentate and simply controlled by its protonation state. More complex binding motifs are caused by interfering chloride ions and gold adatoms. With increasing age of stored gold nanoparticle suspensions, gold adatoms are found to move atop the Au facets and bind to an additional terminal carboxylate of the citrate. Aged nanoparticles are fully refreshed by removing these adatoms, using etching and subsequent boiling of the gold nanoparticles.
Revealing middlebox interference with tracebox (2013)

Middleboxes such as firewalls, NAT, proxies, or Deep Packet Inspection play an increasingly important role in various types of IP networks, including enterprise and cellular networks. Recent studies have shed the light on their impact on real traffic and the complexity of managing them. Network operators and researchers have few tools to understand the impact of those boxes on any path. In this paper, we propose tracebox, an extension to the widely used traceroute tool, that is capable of detecting various types of middlebox interference over almost any path. tracebox sends IP packets containing TCP segments with different TTL values and analyses the packet encapsulated in the returned ICMP messages. Further, as recent routers quote, in the ICMP message, the entire IP packet that they received, tracebox is able to detect any modification performed by upstream middleboxes. In addition, tracebox can often pinpoint the network hop where the middlebox interference occurs. We evaluate tracebox with measurements performed on PlanetLab nodes. Our analysis reveals various types of middleboxes that were not expected on such an experimental testbed supposed to be connected to the Internet without any restriction.
Management of Postirradiation Infection: Lessons Learned from Animal Models (2004)

Ionizing radiation depresses host defenses and enhances susceptibility to local and systemic infection due to endogenous or exogenous microorganisms. Exposure of mice to a lethal dose of ionizing 60 Co- radiation induces a dose-related reduction in the number of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from 10 10 -12 to 10 4-6 per gram of stool within 4 days. The number of anaerobic bacteria stays low, but the number of Enterobacteriaceae per gram of stool increases significantly up to 10 9 by the 12th day after irradiation. This increase is associated with bacterial translocation of these organisms and fatal bacteremia. The use of quinolones in the irradiated animals was effective in controlling systemic endogenous Gram-negative infection after irradiation. Supplementation with penicillin prevented treatment failures due to Streptococcus spp. and increased survival. Quinolones given for 21 days also were effective in management of systemic exogenous infections due to orally ingested Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effectiveness of quinolones may be attributed to inhibition of exogenous organism growth within the gut lumen while preserving the anaerobic gut flora as well as their systemic antibacterial activity. Based on these findings, antimicrobial agents recommended for therapy of infection after exposure to irradiation are: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, gentamicin amoxicillin, or vancomycin.
The Application of Commercial Semiconductor Chips for Personal Neutron Dosimetry (1995)

Commercial memory chips offer a simple approach for the detector of a personal neutron dosemeter. The basics of the detection of the ionising radiation are given in combination with a schematic layout of the chips and some correlated unwanted radiation effects. Experiments aimed at testing the characteristics of the chips as proper radiation detection devices are presented. Devices had been made with a 4 kbit, and 64 kbit static memory chip, a 1 Mbit dynamic memory chip and some gallium arsenide diodes in neutron and photon fields. The results allow some answers for questions like: How is the shape of the spectra correlated with the flat geometry of the detector? What can be done to make the system more sensitive? How good are the results compared with measurements with a TEPC in the same radiation field? Finally design criteria for an optimal chip are given, which can in principle be realised with advanced commercially available static memory chips.
DC Drift Phenomena in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Optical Waveguide Devices (1981)

DC drift phenomena in LiNbO 3 optical waveguide devices are investigated. From low speed switching experiments of a directional coupler modulator, two kinds of dc drift are found to exist in this device. One is a short time dc drift with several seconds relaxation time and the other is a long time one whose relaxation time is several hours. It is shown analytically that the former originates from current leakage through a buffer layer, and it is successfully suppressed by a separation of the layer. For the latter problem, photocurrents measuring experiments were carried out for various LiNbO 3 samples. We may consider from the results that the main origin of the long time dc drift is a photorefractive effect due to the guided light itself. Some solutions for overcoming these effects are also given.
Automated 3D structure composition for large RNAs (2012)

Understanding the numerous functions that RNAs play in living cells depends critically on knowledge of their three-dimensional structure. Due to the difficulties in experimentally assessing structures of large RNAs, there is currently great demand for new high-resolution structure prediction methods. We present the novel method for the fully automated prediction of RNA 3D structures from a user-defined secondary structure. The concept is founded on the machine translation system. The translation engine operates on the RNA FRABASE database tailored to the dictionary relating the RNA secondary structure and tertiary structure elements. The translation algorithm is very fast. Initial 3D structure is composed in a range of seconds on a single processor. The method assures the prediction of large RNA 3D structures of high quality. Our approach needs neither structural templates nor RNA sequence alignment, required for comparative methods. This enables the building of unresolved yet native and artificial RNA structures. The method is implemented in a publicly available, user-friendly server RNAComposer. It works in an interactive mode and a batch mode. The batch mode is designed for large-scale modelling and accepts atomic distance restraints. Presently, the server is set to build RNA structures of up to 500 residues.
Orthodontics, current principles and techniques (1985)

Section I: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics Biomechanical principles and reactions Bone physiology, metabolism, and biomechanics in orthodontic practice Application of bioengineering to clinical orthodontics Orthodontic therapy and the temporomandibular disorder patient Biomaterials in Orthodontics Statistics for the orthodontist Computer applications in orthodontics Interceptive guidance of occlusion, with emphasis on diagnosis Section II: Techniques and Treatment Functional appliances Treatment of children in the mixed dentition Bonding in orthodontics The Tweed-Merrifield edgewise appliance: philosophy, diagnosis, and treatment Treatment mechanics for the straight wire appliance Tip-Edge brackets and the differential straight-arch technique Non-extraction treatment Treatment options for sagittal corrections in non-compliant patients Periodontal/orthodontic interrelationships Adult orthodontics: diagnosis and treatment Orthodontic aspects of orthognathic surgery Retention and relapse
Stimulation of bone resorption by inflamed nasal mucosa, dermonecrotic toxin-containing conditioned medium from Pasteurella multocida, and purified dermonecrotic toxin from P. multocida (1987)

The effects of inflamed nasal mucosa from pigs with atrophic rhinitis (AR), cell extract from Bordetella bronchiseptica, conditioned medium from Pasteurella multocida, and purified dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from P. multocida on mouse fetal long bones in organ culture were studied. Inflamed nasal "AR mucosa" stimulated the release of 45Ca from prelabeled cultures, while histologically the formation of calcified matrix was impaired as well. B. bronchiseptica cell extract only transiently increased 45Ca release, but also impaired the formation of matrix. 45Ca release was also stimulated by DNT-containing conditioned medium from P. multocida and by purified DNT. The effect of DNT was biphasic: low doses (1 to 25 ng/ml) slightly stimulated bone resorption, higher doses were inhibitory. The stimulatory action of DNT on 45Ca release was accompanied by an increase in numbers of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. The significance of these findings for the pathogenesis of AR is discussed.
Arsenic Removal from Water by Adsorption Using Iron Oxide Minerals as Adsorbents: A Review (2012)

Abstract This review highlights the adsorption process by using iron oxide minerals as the adsorbent for arsenic removal from water. It includes the characteristics of arsenic in water and its toxicities, the adsorption process for arsenic removal from contaminated water, iron oxide minerals as the adsorbent, arsenic adsorption capacity on iron oxide minerals, main factors of the adsorption, and arsenic removal from water by the adsorption process, as well as the mechanisms by which arsenic species adsorb on iron oxide minerals. Keywords: adsorptionarsenic removaliron oxide minerals ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The financial supports for this work from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) of Mexico under the grants 48436-Y and 92506 are gratefully acknowledged. Also, K. Ramirez-Muñiz would like to thank the CONACyT for the scholarship 225618 during her PhD studies.
Reaction of Soybean Cultivars to Isolates of <i>Fusarium solani</i> from the Red River Valley (1997)

Five isolates of Fusarium solani, originally isolated from diseased soybean roots in the Red River Valley (RRV) of Minnesota and North Dakota, were evaluated for their ability to cause symptoms on 10 genetically diverse soybean cultivars. Taproots of 2-week-old plants were inoculated with F. solani-infested oat kernels, and 3 and 10 weeks later, plants were evaluated for root rot and foliar symptoms. At 3 weeks after inoculation, taproots of all cultivars had extensive reddish brown to black lesions; root rot severity (1-6 scale) ranged from 4.8 to 5.1, and 3.5% of the plants had died. Foliar symptoms were not observed. At 10 weeks after inoculation, all cultivars showed extensive decay of taproots and >50% of lateral roots were necrotic; root rot severity (1-4 scale) ranged from 2.7 to 3.7, and 42.5% of the plants had died. Foliar symptoms were first observed between the R-1 to R-6 growth stages (about 5 weeks after inoculation) on the lower leaves and consisted of chlorosis at the margins that progressed inward. Veins initially were green, but leaves eventually became chlorotic, then necrotic, and fell with petioles still attached to the stem. In some cases, all of the foliage died. There was no significant (P = 0.05) isolate × cultivar interaction for root rot at 3 or 10 weeks after inoculation or for severity of foliar symptoms. Thirty-three cultivars commonly grown in southern Minnesota and the RRV were evaluated for reaction to one isolate of F. solani. Root rot severity ranged from 4.2 to 5.7 (1-6 scale) and 3.5 to 4.0 (1-4 scale), at 3 and 9 weeks after inoculation, respectively, and >50% of the plants died by 9 weeks after inoculation. Severity of foliar symptoms was low. These results indicate that isolates of F. solani from the RRV cause root rot and foliar symptoms on soybean and that cultivars grown in the region lack resistance to this pathogen. Foliar symptoms were not identical to those associated with sudden death syndrome.
Mode of vegetative reproduction of the bipolar budding yeast species Wickerhamomyces pijperi and related strains (2009)

To clarify the budding pattern of Wickerhamomyces pijperi, the vegetative cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The cells grew by bipolar budding, but cells that budded from the shoulder of a mother cell were occasionally observed. We examined the cell morphology and phylogeny of five strains of Wickerhamomyces sp. isolated in Thailand as well as seven W. pijperi and three Wickerhamomyces sp. strains that were preserved in culture collections. Phylogenetic analysis based on three different nucleotide sequences (D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, the actin gene ACT1 and the elongation factor 2 gene EF2) indicated that all the strains belonged to the genus Wickerhamomyces and were neighbours of the type strain W. pijperi NBRC 1290(T). The strains fell into two groups in this analysis. The budding patterns of the strains were carefully observed by staining the bud scars, and these patterns were categorized into three groups: types I-III. Type I included cells that grew by bipolar budding and formed multiple scars, type III included cells that grew by multilateral budding and formed a single scar, and type II included cells that exhibited a mixture of type I and type III patterns. Among the 15 strains, 12 strains, including W. pijperi NBRC 1290(T), mainly exhibited type I or type II budding patterns; these strains belonged to group 1 of the phylogenetic analysis. The remaining three strains, which belonged to group 2, exhibited either type II or type III patterns. Thus the phylogenetic relationship and budding patterns are related. Moreover, some cells also exhibited budding characteristics that were intermediate between bipolar and multilateral budding.
The Santa Barbara gypsy moth eradication effort (1984)

It will take three years to tell if eradication effort has succeeded
Cross-Linking of a DOPA-Containing Peptide Ligand into Its G Protein-Coupled Receptor (2009)

The interaction between a 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) labeled analogue of the tridecapeptide alpha-factor (W-H-W-L-Q-L-K-P-G-Q-P-M-Y) and Ste2p, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has been analyzed by periodate-mediated cross-linking. Chemically synthesized alpha-factor with DOPA substituting for tyrosine at position 13 and biotin tagged onto lysine(7)([Lys(7)(BioACA),Nle(12),DOPA(13)]alpha-factor; Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor) was used for cross-linking into Ste2p. The biological activity of Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor was about one-third that of native alpha-factor as determined by growth arrest assay and exhibited about a 10-fold lower binding affinity to Ste2p. Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor cross-linked into Ste2p as demonstrated by Western blot analysis using a neutravidin-HRP conjugate to detect Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor. Cross-linking was inhibited by excess native alpha-factor and an alpha-factor antagonist. The Ste2p-ligand complex was purified using a metal ion affinity column, and after cyanogen bromide treatment, avidin affinity purification was used to capture Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor-Ste2p cross-linked peptides. MALDI-TOF spectrometric analyses of the cross-linked fragments showed that Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor reacted with the Phe(55)-Met(69) region of Ste2p. Cross-linking of Bio-DOPA-alpha-factor was reduced by 80% using a cysteine-less Ste2p (Cys59Ser). These results suggest an interaction between position 13 of alpha-factor and residue Cys(59) of Ste2p. This study is the first to report DOPA cross-linking of a peptide hormone to a GPCR and the first to identify a residue-to-residue cross-link between Ste2p and alpha-factor, thereby defining a specific contact point between the bound ligand and its receptor.
A Class of Algorithms for Continuous Wavelet Transform Based on the Circulant Matrix (2018)

The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is an important mathematical tool in signal processing, which is a linear time-invariant operator with causality and stability for a fixed scale and real-life application. A novel and simple proof of the FFT-based fast method of linear convolution is presented by exploiting the structures of circulant matrix. After introducing Equivalent Condition of Time-domain and Frequency-domain Algorithms of CWT, a class of algorithms for continuous wavelet transform are proposed and analyzed in this paper, which can cover the algorithms in JLAB and WaveLab, as well as the other existing methods such as the c w t function in the toolbox of MATLAB. In this framework, two theoretical issues for the computation of CWT are analyzed. Firstly, edge effect is easily handled by using Equivalent Condition of Time-domain and Frequency-domain Algorithms of CWT and higher precision is expected. Secondly, due to the fact that linear convolution expands the support of the signal, which parts of the linear convolution are just the coefficients of CWT is analyzed by exploring the relationship of the filters of Frequency-domain and Time-domain algorithms, and some generalizations are given. Numerical experiments are presented to further demonstrate our analyses.
Accounting Profession: Oversight, Auditor Independence, and Financial Reporting Issues (2002)

This letter responds to your recent request that we provide our views regarding what steps the Congress should consider taking to strengthen oversight of the accounting profession, auditor independence, and selected financial reporting matters. The sudden and largely unexpected bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation (Enron) and other large corporations financial reporting restatements have raised questions about the soundness of the current self-regulatory and financial reporting systems and resulted in substantial losses to employees, shareholders, and other investors. These events have also raised a range of questions regarding how such dramatic and unexpected events can happen and the role and capacities of various key players under the existing systems. This letter responds to your recent request that we provide our views regarding what steps the Congress should consider taking to strengthen oversight of the accounting profession, auditor independence, and selected financial reporting matters. The sudden and largely unexpected bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation (Enron) and other large corporations financial reporting restatements have raised questions about the soundness of the current self-regulatory and financial reporting systems and resulted in substantial losses to employees, shareholders, and other investors.
Transdermal microemulsions of<i>Boswellia carterii</i>Bird: formulation, characterization and<i>in vivo</i>evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity (2014)

Optimized TD BC MEs could be used as a safe, effective and long acting alternative to oral anti-inflammatories, providing higher and prolonged efficacy and better patient compliance.
Effects of a pure antiestrogen on apoptosis and proliferation within human breast ductal carcinoma in situ. (2000)

Adjuvant antiestrogen (AE) therapy has been proposed for all women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, many cases of DCIS are of the high-grade, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subtype that are unlikely to respond to AE treatment. Hormonal agents work by increasing apoptosis and/or decreasing cell proliferation; therefore, we studied the effect of a pure AE on levels of apoptosis and proliferation in human DCIS xenografts using an in vivo model. Women (n = 23) with mammographic microcalcification suggestive of DCIS were identified at the time of surgery (day 0), a sample of representative tissue was obtained, divided into multiple 2x2x1-mm xenografts, and implanted s.c. into female BALB/c nu/nu mice (eight xenografts/mouse). Day 0 grafts underwent immunohistochemical assessment of ER status. Fourteen days after implantation, four xenografts were retrieved and mice were randomly divided into one of three treatment groups: (a) insertion of a slow release 2-mg 17beta-estradiol pellet; (b) weekly 5-mg injections of the pure AE Faslodex (Zeneca Pharmaceuticals); and (c) injections of a control vehicle oil alone. After 2 weeks of treatment, the remaining four xenografts were retrieved from each mouse. Retrieved xenografts containing DCIS were assessed for morphological evidence of apoptotic cell death [apoptotic index (AI)] and cell proliferation (by immunohistochemical detection of the Ki67 proliferation antigen LI). Both AI and LI were higher in the day 0 specimens of 16 ER- DCIS lesions compared with 7 ER+ DCIS lesions (mean values, 1.47% versus 0.32% and 20.6% versus 3.1%; both P<0.0001). AI and LI values within ER- DCIS did not differ between xenografts exposed to 17beta-estradiol or AE treatment compared with the controls or pretreatment values (mean AI and LI in estradiol-treated, antiestrogen-treated, and control groups 1.04% versus 0.98% versus 1.29% and 17.2% versus 20.5% versus 17.7% respectively). In contrast, treatment of mice bearing ER+ DCIS xenografts with 17beta-estradiol raised both the AI (1.03% versus 0.40%, P = 0.03) and LI (11.0% versus 5.1%, P = 0.007) compared with controls. AE therapy of ER+ DCIS xenografts did not affect proliferation but resulted in higher apoptosis than in controls (0.9% versus 0.4% respectively, P = 0.04). AE therapy should be reserved for patients with estrogen receptor positive DCIS.
Imminence et temps d'attente d'une réaction tout ou rien (1961)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Post-translational modification of bovine pro-opiomelanocortin. Tyrosine sulfation and pyroglutamate formation, a mass spectrometric study. (1990)

The amino-terminal fragment of beta-lipotropin (i.e. beta-lipotropin (1-40)) and joining peptide portions of pro-opiomelanocortin have been purified from extracts of bovine posterior pituitaries. Peptides were purified using a combination of reversed-phase and ion-exchange batch extraction procedures followed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. beta-Lipotropin (1-40) was found to consist of four major components while joining peptide was found to consist of two major components. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic fragments of both peptides revealed that the observed heterogeneity could be explained in terms of post-translational modifications. beta-Lipotropin (1-40) was found to be sulfated at tyrosine residue 28 to an extent of about 50%. The tyrosine residue in beta-lipotropin (1-40) is situated within an amino acid sequence with a preponderance of glutamate residues. Sulfation of this amino acid residue is entirely compatible with the known primary structure requirements of the sulfotransferase enzyme located in the trans-Golgi fraction. Both beta-lipotropin (1-40) and joining peptide were found to have pyroglutamate at their amino termini to an extent of about 50%. The cDNA sequence for bovine pro-opiomelanocortin predicts the presence of glutamic acid at position 1 of both peptides. Pyroglutamate is normally formed through the cyclization of glutamine. This reaction is thought to be catalyzed by a pyroglutamate forming enzyme located within the secretory granule fraction. Under certain circumstances peptides with glutamate at their amino termini may act as substrates for this enzyme.