gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Physicochemical Properties, Osteogenic Activity, and Immunocompatibility of Calcium Silicate–Gelatin Bone Grafts for Load-Bearing Applications (2011)

The use of a composite made of natural polymer gelatin and bioactive calcium silicate resembling the morphology and properties of natural bone may provide a solution to the problem of ceramic brittleness for load-bearing applications. The in vitro bioactivity, degradability, osteogenic activity, and immunocompatibility of three types of calcium silicate-gelatin composite bone grafts were characterized. The osteogenic activity and immunocompatibility were evaluated by incubating the bone grafts with human dental pulp cells. After soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 day, all materials were covered with clusters of "bone-like" apatite spherulites. The control material without gelatin exhibited an insignificant change in strength, degradability, and porosity and a small weight loss of 6% after 180 days of soaking in the SBF solution. In contrast, the soaking time imposed in this study did have a statistically significant effect on compressive strength, porosity, and weight loss of the gelatin-containing composites. After 180 days of soaking, the composite with 10 wt % gelatin lost 47% and 10% in compressive strength and weight, respectively, with a porosity of 23%. However, the presence of gelatin promoted greater cell attachment and proliferation on the composite bone grafts. Pulp cells on the calcium silicate-gelatin bone grafts expressed higher levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. The inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-1 expression and the activation of interleukin-10 were increased with increasing gelatin content. Overall, these findings provide evidence that composite bone grafts containing 10 wt % gelatin with a high initial strength were bioactive, nontoxic, and osteogenic and may be able to promote bone healing for load-bearing applications.
Calculating the performance of linear and square-law detectors (1995)

A method is presented for calculating the performance of linear and square-law detectors in detection schemes that employ noncoherent integration. The method consists of transforming the coherent characteristic function, which is usually easy to obtain to a noncoherent moment generating function describing the test statistic of a linear or square-law detector. The method provides a single mathematical framework for many signal models (both classical and new) and can be implemented using standard numerical routines. Although the method is not always optimum in terms of computing speed for specific classical models, its common approach for all signal models makes it very efficient in term of learning and implementation times. Classical results as well as results for an extended set of target models consisting of an arbitrary number of constant amplitude random phase returns are presented to demonstrate the technique. It is shown for the signal parameters considered that the performance difference between the linear and square-law detectors is relatively insignificant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activation of Human Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase by Phosphatidic Acid or Diacylglycerol in a Cell-free System (1999)

The superoxide-generating neutrophil NADPH oxidase can be activated in cell-free reconstitution systems by several agonists, most notably arachidonic acid and the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate. In this study, we show that both phosphatidic acids and diacylglycerols can serve separately as potent, physiologic activators of NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system. Stimulation of superoxide generation by these lipids was dependent upon both Mg(2+) and agonist concentration. Activation of NADPH oxidase by phosphatidic acids did not appear to require their conversion to corresponding diacylglycerols by phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, since diacylglycerols were much slower than phosphatidic acids to activate the system and required the presence of ATP. Stimulation of the oxidase by dioctanoylglycerol proved to be by a means other than the activation of protein kinase C. Instead, dioctanoylglycerol was converted to dioctanoylphosphatidic acid by an endogenous diacylglycerol kinase present in the cell-free reaction system. This conversion was sensitive to the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59949 and explains the markedly slower kinetics of activation and the novel ATP requirement seen with dioctanoylglycerol. The level of dioctanoylphosphatidic acid formed was suboptimal for NADPH oxidase activation but could synergize with the unmetabolized dioctanoylglycerol to activate superoxide generation.
Consider direct steam injection for heating liquids (1982)

There are two basic methods of heating liquids with steam - the indirect and the direct. The indirect method uses heat exchangers, such as shell-and-tube or plate-type designs. The direct method injects steam directly into the liquid or mass to be heated. Because of significant advances in steam injection technology, the direct method is becoming more attractive, particularly in view of the escalating costs of energy. Direct steam injection can be used to heat water, aqueous liquids and various aqueous slurries. Several types of injection equipment used are described.
Converting <i>exo</i>-Selective Diels−Alder Reaction to <i>endo</i>-Selective in Chloroloaluminate Ionic Liquids (2004)

The endo:exo ratio of 0.35:1 for the reaction of cyclopentadiene with methyl methacrylate observed in organic solvents can be converted to 3:1 in chloroaluminate ionic liquids with their effective reuse in Diels-Alder reactions.
Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Sumatriptan and Naproxen (2000)

Sumatriptan is a 5HT1D agonist used in the treatment of migraine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and calcium channel-blocking antagonists are used in the prophylaxis of migraine. Hence, there is a need to investigate the interaction of these prophylactic drugs with sumatriptan. The interaction of sumatriptan with propranolol, flunarizine, pizotifen, and butorphanol were reported earlier. Naproxen is shown to be effective in prophylactic treatment of migraine. In this study, the authors have investigated the circadian rhythm effect of naproxen on the pharmacokinetics of sumatriptan at 1000 and 2200 hours. Twelve healthy volunteers were treated with 100 mg sumatriptan succinate either alone or along with 500 mg naproxen orally at either 1000 or 2200 hours in a randomized Latin square design with a washout period of 10 days. Serum samples were collected at predetermined time intervals and analyzed for unchanged sumatriptan by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using model-independent methods. Naproxen had no statistically significant (p > 0.05) effect on any pharmacokinetic parameters of sumatriptan both at 1000 and 2200 hours treatment. The results of this study suggest that no alteration in the sumatriptan dosage will be necessary for migraine patients taking naproxen prophylactic therapy.
CRISPR–Cas9 gRNA efficiency prediction: an overview of predictive tools and the role of deep learning (2022)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become a successful and promising technology for gene-editing. To facilitate its effective application, various computational tools have been developed. These tools can assist researchers in the guide RNA (gRNA) design process by predicting cleavage efficiency and specificity and excluding undesirable targets. However, while many tools are available, assessment of their application scenarios and performance benchmarks are limited. Moreover, new deep learning tools have been explored lately for gRNA efficiency prediction, but have not been systematically evaluated. Here, we discuss the approaches that pertain to the on-target activity problem, focusing mainly on the features and computational methods they utilize. Furthermore, we evaluate these tools on independent datasets and give some suggestions for their usage. We conclude with some challenges and perspectives about future directions for CRISPR-Cas9 guide design.
Microscopic enumeration of attached marine bacteria of seawater, marine sediment, fecal matter, and kelp blade samples following pyrophosphate and ultrasound treatments (1986)

Seawater, marine surface sediment, fecal material of the sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus, and kelp blades of Macrocystis integrifolia were treated with formaldehyde to strengthen the bacterial cells, followed by tetrasodium pyrophosphate addition and sonication to disperse these same cells. These cells were then stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and counted by epifluorescent microscopy. The technique of strengthening the cells with an aldehyde and then dispersing them in a suspending medium using a deflocculent (pyrophosphate) and ultrasound caused the bacteria to be randomly distributed when filtered onto Nuclepore membranes with a lower variance within and similar variance between subsamples as compared with untreated samples. In most cases the coefficient of variation stabilized after the bacterial cells in 10 randomly chosen microscopic fields had been counted. Sediment bacterial numbers (±SE) determined by the standard technique were 5.20 (±0.36) × 10 10 per gram wet weight; by this dispersion technique they were 11.30 (±0.24) × 10 11 per gram, a greater than twofold increase. On young and intermediate aged kelp blades, the increased counts which resulted from this dispersion technique ranged from two- to five-fold. Bacterial cells which were epiphytic on a senescent blade and could not be counted at all by the standard technique were determined to be 3.77 (±0.14) × 10 6 cm −2 using this dispersion method.
Synthesis and Inhibitory Action of Novel Acetogenin Mimics with Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Complex I (2004)

Studies on the inhibition mechanism of acetogenins, the most potent inhibitors of complex I, are useful to elucidate the structural and functional features of the terminal electron-transfer step of this enzyme. We synthesized acetogenin mimics that possess two alkyl tails without a gamma-lactone ring, named Deltalac-acetogenin, and examined their inhibitory action on bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. Unexpectedly, the Deltalac-acetogenin carrying two n-undecanyl groups (compound 3) elicited very potent inhibition comparable to that of bullatacin. The inhibitory potency of compound 3 markedly decreased with shortening the length of either or both alkyl tails, indicating that symmetric as well as hydrophobic properties of the inhibitor are important for the inhibition. Both acetylation and deoxygenation of either or both of two OH groups adjacent to the tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings resulted in a significant decrease in inhibitory potency. These structural dependencies of the inhibitory action of Deltalac-acetogenins are in marked contrast to those of ordinary acetogenins. Double-inhibitor titration of steady-state complex I activity showed that inhibition of compound 3 and bullatacin are not additive, though the inhibition site of both inhibitors is downstream of iron-sulfur cluster N2. Our results indicate that the mode of inhibitory action of Deltalac-acetogenins differs from that of ordinary acetogenins. Therefore, Deltalac-acetogenins can be regarded as a novel type of inhibitor acting on the terminal electron-transfer step of complex I.
Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis: timing of antimicrobial therapy and prognosis (2000)

We analysed the clinical course of 30 adult patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis, 18 community-acquired and 12 hospital-acquired, to assess whether the timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy had a major effect on prognosis. Of the 30 patients, 29 received appropriate antibiotics. The time from initial symptoms to the start of appropriate therapy, antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates, underlying disease severity, diabetes mellitus, age, gender, and acquisition settings were all not significantly correlated with outcome. However, a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 7 points or less at the start of appropriate antimicrobial therapy was a valid predictor of death or a permanent vegetative state (sensitivity 82%, specificity 93%, p=0.005), even after adjusting for the effect of confounding variables by logistic regression. Timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, as defined by consciousness level but not by symptom duration, is a major determinant of survival and neurological outcome for patients with K. pneumoniae meningitis, and the first dose of an appropriate antibiotic should be administrated before their consciousness deteriorates to a GCS score of 7 points or less.
Linking Everything to Everything: Journal Publishing Myth or Reality? (1997)

Reference lists are an important facet of the modern academic journal. This form of &apos;hyperlinking&apos; becomes enormously more powerful when translated to the World Wide Web, both in terms of the speed of link following and in the number of linked documents that can be made accessible. Electronic Press Ltd (EP), one of the first commercial publishers to commit to electronic publishing on the Web, plans to extend the practice of citation linking, aiming to link a document not just to a cited source but to all other documents that contain relevant information. Relevance in this case is defined as all referring, or referred to, documents. The paper discusses EP&apos;s approach to link creation on this scale, which is based on an internalised system. One way of extending this approach is to support link creation as well as link following on a distributed network such as the Web. The Open Journal Project has built some first demonstrations, which are outlined in the paper. The convergence between these two approaches suggests some important new motivations for online journal publishing. Some of these features will eventually transform journal usage.
Einsatz von Nisin in Kombination mit Schutzkulturen zur Hemmung von Listeria monocytogenes in zwei milden Feinkostsalaten (2001)

Experiments with two mild delicatessen salads inoculated with L. monocytogenes Scott A (10 2 -10 4 CfU/g) showed that Lis-teria is able to grow in a mayonnaise-based potato salad and in coleslaw with an initial pH of 5.8-6.0 at 10 °C. Addition of nisin (500-2000 IU/g) resulted in an initial reduction of Listeria viable numbers. Re-growth of Listeria, however, was observed during storage of the salads. In coleslaw with nisin added, L. monocytogenes numbers strongly increased within some days; in potato salad with nisin added only slow re-growth of Listeria was observed. The combination of nisin with the nisin-resistant protective cultures Lactococcus lactis BFE 902 and Enterococcus faecium BFE 900-6a resulted in an enhancement of the efficacy of the bacteriocin. In coleslaw with nisin added, multiplication of Listeria cells not killed by nisin, was prevented by the protective culture able to produce bacteriocins. By contrast, the growth behaviour of L. monocytogenes Scott A was only slightly affected by the application of protective cultures without nisin in both delicatessen salads. Listeria monocytogenes est capable de se multiplier dans une salade a base de pommes de terre, de chou et de mayonnaise. L'addition de nisine resulte en une diminution du nombre de bacteries viables, mais une croissance st observee lors du stockage. La combinaison nisine / Lactococcus lactis ou enterococcus faecium ameliore l'efficacite de la nisine.
LIPS2008: visual speech synthesis challenge (2008)

In this paper we present an overview of LIPS2008: Visual Speech Synthesis Challenge.The aim of this challenge is to bring together researchers in the field of visual speech synthesis to firstly evaluate their systems within a common framework, and secondly to identify the needs of the wider community in terms of evaluation.In doing so we hope to better understand the differences between the various approaches and to identify the strengths/weaknesses of the competing approaches.In this paper we firstly motivate the need for the challenge, before describing the capture and preparation of the training data, the evaluation framework, and conclude with an outline of possible directions for standardising the evaluation of talking heads.
Rotation Equivariance and Invariance in Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Performance of neural networks can be significantly improved by encoding known invariance for particular tasks. Many image classification tasks, such as those related to cellular imaging, exhibit invariance to rotation. We present a novel scheme using the magnitude response of the 2D-discrete-Fourier transform (2D-DFT) to encode rotational invariance in neural networks, along with a new, efficient convolutional scheme for encoding rotational equivariance throughout convolutional layers. We implemented this scheme for several image classification tasks and demonstrated improved performance, in terms of classification accuracy, time required to train the model, and robustness to hyperparameter selection, over a standard CNN and another state-of-the-art method.
Cusped magnetic field mercury ion thruster (1976)

The importance of a uniform current density profile in the exhaust beam of an electrostatic ion thruster is discussed in terms of thrust level and accelerator system lifetime. A residence time approach is used to explain the nonuniform beam current density profile of the divergent magnetic field thruster. Mathematical expressions are derived which relate the thruster discharge power loss, propellant utilization, and double to single ion density ratio to the geometry and plasma properties of the discharge chamber. These relationships are applied to a cylindrical discharge chamber model of the thruster. Experimental results are presented for a wide range of the discharge chamber length. The thruster designed for this investigation was operated with a cusped magnetic field as well as a divergent field geometry, and the cusped field geometry is shown to be superior from the standpoint of beam profile uniformity, performance, and double ion population.
Refactoring for Data Locality (2009)

Refactoring for data locality opens a new avenue for performance-oriented program rewriting. SLO has broken down a large part of the complexity that software developers face when speeding up programs with numerous cache misses. Therefore, we consider SLO to belong to a new generation of program analyzers. Whereas existing cache profilers (generation 1.0) highlight problems such as cache misses, second-generation analyzers (such as SLO) highlight the place to fix problems. Improving data locality is also important in hardware-based applications. SLO was already used to optimize the frame rate and energy consumption in a wavelet decoder implemented on an FPGA. In another vein, the SLO concepts could be incorporated in interactive performance debuggers and profile-directed compilers. We believe that SLO will be useful in the optimization of many data-intensive applications.
High-spatial-frequency MOS transistor gate length variations in SRAM circuits (2002)

SRAM circuits have been used as electrical test structures to study short range spatial variations of MOS transistor effective gate length. Layout-dependent periodic errors were found to take up 30% to 90% of the total observed error variance, depending on the spatial frequency range and specific measurement grid used. Peaks in the measured gate-length error spatial spectrum were related to the periodicities existing in the circuit layout, and lithography simulations were done to identify the error sources. It was found that proximity effects, overlay errors due to stepper lens aberration, and pattern dependent coma effects contributed to a large percentage of the high spatial frequency errors observed.
REVIEWS Die Metapher als Funktion der Aktualisierung. By LÜDIGEORGES. (Romanica Helvetica, Vol. 85). Berne: Francke. 1973. 359 pp. 48 Sw.F. (1976)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Die Metapher als Funktion der Aktualisierung. By GEORGES LÜDI. (Romanica Helvetica, Vol. 85). Berne: Francke. 1973. 359 pp. 48 Sw.F. †STEPHEN ULLMANN †STEPHEN ULLMANN OXFORD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXX, Issue 3, July 1976, Pages 367–368, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXX.3.367 Published: 01 July 1976
Role of DNA topoisomerase II in chromosome dynamics in mammalian cells (1993)

ICRF-193, a bis-(2,6-dioxopiperazine) derivative and a non-cleavable-complex-forming-type topoisomerase II inhibitor, inhibited cell division but allowed cells to traverse the cell cycle, leading to the accumulation of polyploid cells with 8C complements or more of DNA. Analysis of the mechanism of how cell division is inhibited by ICRF-193 revealed that: (1) replication of DNA was inhibited only at terminal stages; (2) CDC2 kinase was activated and cells enter absence-of-chromosome-segregation ('ACS') M-phase, where chromosomes are not fully condensed and are not separated, but other mitotic events, such as nuclear-envelope breakdown and cytoskeletal reorganization forming the spindle apparatus, take place, i.e. chromosome dynamics could be uncoupled from the other mitotic events which are normally co-ordinated with the former in mitosis; (3) cells successfully exit from mitosis to the next G1-phase to continue the cell cycle; (4) progression through 'ACS' M-phase appears to be lethal to the cells. All of these observations could be accounted for by inactivation of topoisomerase II activity of the cells caused by the drug. ICRF-193 was thus shown to be a valuable agent in elucidation of the role of topoisomerase II in genetic processes in vivo.
Buffer Solutions May Compromise Cardiac Resuscitation by Reducing Coronary Perfusion Pressure (1991)

--Hypertonic solutions and specifically buffer solutions administered in the absence of vasopressor agents may adversely affect cardiac resuscitation efforts by reducing CPP below critical thresholds.
A Dual-Ascent Procedure for Large-Scale Uncapacitated Network Design (1989)

The fixed-charge network design problem arises in a variety of problem contexts including transportation, communication, and production scheduling. We develop a family of dual-ascent algorithms for this problem. This approach generalizes known ascent procedures for solving shortest path, plant location, Steiner network and directed spanning tree problems. Our computational results for several classes of test problems with up to 500 integer and 1.98 million continuous variables and constraints show that the dual-ascent procedure and an associated drop-add heuristic generate solutions that, in almost all cases, are guaranteed to be within 1 to 4% of optimality. Moreover, the procedure requires no more than 150 seconds on an IBM 3083 computer. The test problems correspond to dense and sparse networks, including some models that arise in freight transport.
Geodesic voxel binding for production character meshes (2013)

We propose a fully automatic method for specifying influence weights for closed-form skinning methods, such as linear blend skinning. Our method is designed to work with production meshes that may contain non-manifold geometry, be non-watertight, have intersecting triangles, or be comprise of multiple connected components. Starting from a character rest pose mesh and skeleton hierarchy, we first voxelize the input geometry. The resulting voxelization is then used to calculate binding weights, based on the geodesic distance between each voxel lying on a skeleton "bone" and all non-exterior voxels. This yields smooth weights at interactive rates, without time-constants, iteration parameters, or costly optimization at bind or pose time. By decoupling weight assignment from distance computation we make it possible to modify weights interactively, at pose time, without additional pre-processing or computation. This allows artists to assess impact of weight selection in the context in which they are used.