gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in the human haptoglobin gene cluster: chromosomes with multiple haptoglobin-related (Hpr) genes. (1986)

We have found polymorphisms for the number of tandemly arranged haptoglobin-related (Hpr) genes in the haptoglobin gene cluster of Blacks. Genomic mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis indicate that two copies of the Hpr gene first resulted from unequal but homologous crossing-over in a region 3' to the haptoglobin (Hp) and the haptoglobin-related genes. Subsequent increases in the number of Hpr loci have occurred in some chromosomes. Among 25 American Blacks studied (15 were unrelated), 2 related individuals have one extra copy of the Hpr gene and 5 unrelated individuals have more than two extra Hpr genes. None of 26 Whites and one Oriental studied have extra copies. In one of the Blacks, six tandemly arranged Hpr genes were demonstrated in one chromosome by pulsed field gradient electrophoresis. His other chromosome had one Hpr gene. The tandem Hpr genes were found in individuals with the haptoglobin genotypes Hp2/Hp2 (3 of 3 tested) and Hp2/Hp1 (4 of 11 tested), but none were found in the Hp1/Hp1 individuals (11 tested). Fibroblast cell cultures from two Hp2/Hp1 heterozygotes were fused to mouse cells to obtain cell lines retaining a human chromosome 16 on which the haptoglobin gene cluster is located. DNA analysis of the hybrid cells showed that in both individuals the tandemly arranged Hpr genes are linked to the Hp2 allele. These results suggest that the multiple copies are associated with the Hp2 gene.
The UL48 Tegument Protein of Pseudorabies Virus Is Critical for Intracytoplasmic Assembly of Infectious Virions (2002)

The pseudorabies virus (PrV) homolog of the tegument protein encoded by the UL48 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was identified by using a monospecific rabbit antiserum against a bacterial fusion protein. UL48-related polypeptides of 53, 55, and 57 kDa were detected in Western blots of infected cells and purified virions. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the PrV UL48 protein is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm but is also found in the nuclei of infected cells. Moreover, it is a constituent of extracellular virus particles but is absent from primary enveloped perinuclear virions. In noncomplementing cells, a UL48-negative PrV mutant (PrV-DeltaUL48) exhibited delayed growth and significantly reduced plaque sizes and virus titers, deficiencies which were corrected in UL48-expressing cells. RNA analyses indicated that, like its HSV-1 homolog, the PrV UL48 protein is involved in regulation of immediate-early gene expression. However, the most salient effect of the UL48 gene deletion was a severe defect in virion morphogenesis. Late after infection, electron microscopy of cells infected with PrV-DeltaUL48 revealed retention of newly formed nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm, whereas enveloped intracytoplasmic or extracellular complete virions were only rarely observed. In contrast, capsidless particles were produced and released in great amounts. Remarkably, the intracytoplasmic capsids were labeled with antibodies against the UL36 and UL37 tegument proteins, whereas the capsidless particles were labeled with antisera directed against the UL46, UL47, and UL49 tegument proteins. These findings suggested that the UL48 protein is involved in linking capsid and future envelope-associated tegument proteins during virion formation. Thus, like its HSV-1 homolog, the UL48 protein of PrV functions in at least two different steps of the viral life cycle. The drastic inhibition of virion formation in the absence of the PrV UL48 protein indicates that it plays an important role in virion morphogenesis prior to secondary envelopment of intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids. However, the UL48 gene of PrV is not absolutely essential, and concomitant deletion of the adjacent tegument protein gene UL49 also did not abolish virus replication in cell culture.
Implementation of an 8-Ch GbE multiplexing transponder using Ethernet over SDH technology (2003)

We report the implementation of a transponder to transmit eight channels of Gigabit Ethernet signal transparently in optical transport network (OTN). The transponder is based on framing technologies for Ethernet over SDH over OTN using generic framing procedure (GFP) protocol and virtual concatenation process. This framing structure offers an attractive option for carrying data traffic over OTN.
β<sub>2</sub>‐Adrenoceptors increase translocation of GLUT4 via GPCR kinase sites in the receptor C‐terminal tail (2011)

Glucose uptake in response to activation of β(2)-adrenoceptors involves translocation of GLUT4 in this model system. The mechanism is dependent on the C-terminus of the β(2)-adrenoceptor, requires GRK phosphorylation sites, and involves a signalling pathway distinct from that stimulated by insulin.
Optics damage inspection for the NIF (1999)

Two optics damage inspection system will be implemented on the NIF, one to inspect optics within the laser and transport sections and the other to inspect the final optics at the target chamber. Both system use dark-field imaging technology to enhance defect contrast. Details of each system design will be provided. A functional optics damage inspection system prototype, using dark-field imaging technology, is currently in operation on the Beamlet laser. This system provides us with the opportunity to measure non- ideal optical surfaces expected to be present on NIF. Prototpye details and performance will be presented.
Use of a Computerized Tracking System to Monitor and Provide Feedback on Dietary Goals for Calorie-Restricted Diets: The POUNDS LOST Study (2012)

The use of self-monitoring as a tool to facilitate behavioral modification is common in many lifestyle-based weight loss interventions. Electronic tracking programs, including computer-based systems and smart phone applications, have been developed to allow individuals to self-monitor their behavior digitally. These programs offer an advantage over traditional self-report modalities in that they can provide users with direct feedback about dietary and/or physical activity adherence levels and thereby assist them in real-time decision making. This article describes the use of an Internet-based computerized tracking system (CTS) that was developed specifically for the POUNDS LOST study, a 2-year randomized controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of four macronutrient diets for weight and fat reduction in healthy, overweight men and women (body mass index range = 25.0-39.9 kg/m(2)). The CTS served many functions in this study, including data collection, dietary and exercise assessment and feedback, messaging system, and report generation. Across all groups, participants with high usage of the CTS during the initial 8 weeks lost greater amounts of weight than participants with low usage (8.7% versus 5.5% of initial body weight, respectively; p < .001) at week 32. Rates of CTS utilization were highest during the first year of this 2-year intervention, and utilization of the CTS declined steadily over time. The unique features of the CTS combined with technological developments, such as smart phone applications, offer significant potential to improve the user's self-monitoring experience and adherence to health promotion programs designed specifically for individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Mazindol in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (1983)

Mazindol, a drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, was studied in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in both a pilot study (12 patients) and a controlled trial (11 patients). The patients had stage II or III disease, according to the classification of Hoehn and Yahr. Both studies showed that mazindol possessed anti-parkinsonian properties and that the improvement was statistically significant. The therapeutic effect was moderate, but could be of value for patients in the early stages of the disease. The drug was well tolerated; only two patients had side effects.
Functional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel for peripheral nerve regeneration (2016)

Peripheral nerves are fragile and easily damaged, usually resulting in nervous tissue loss, motor and sensory function loss. Advances in neuroscience and engineering have been significantly contributing to bridge the damage nerve and create permissive environment for axonal regrowth across lesions. We have successfully designed two self-assembling peptides by modifying RADA 16-I with two functional motifs IKVAV and RGD. Nanofiber hydrogel formed when combing the two neutral solutions together, defined as RADA 16-Mix that overcomes the main drawback of RADA16-I associated with low pH. In the present study, we transplanted the RADA 16-Mix hydrogel into the transected rat sciatic nerve gap and effect on axonal regeneration was examined and compared with the traditional RADA16-I hydrogel. The regenerated nerves were found to grow along the walls of the large cavities formed in the graft of RADA16-I hydrogel, while the nerves grew into the RADA 16-Mix hydrogel toward distal position. RADA 16-Mix hydrogel induced more axons regeneration and Schwann cells immigration than RADA16-I hydrogel, resulting in better functional recovery as determined by the gait-stance duration percentage and the formation of new neuromuscular junction structures. Therefore, our results indicated that the functional SAP RADA16-Mix nanofibrous hydrogel provided a better environment for peripheral nerve regeneration than RADA16-I hydrogel and could be potentially used in peripheral nerve injury repair.
A design of multiplexing liquid-crystal display for calculators (1975)

A numeric liquid-crystal display using the dynamic scattering mode has been developed for calculators by adopting a total system design through the integrated development of material, device, and system. A mixed Schiff-base nematic liquid crystal with the dopants of l-hexadecylpyridinum bromide and p-aminophenol has been developed for the 1:2 selection multiplexing drive over a wide temperature range (0-40°C). A reliable package has been achieved with new technology. A 1-chip CMOS driving circuit with a 42-lead package has been developed for 8-digit 7-segment numeric readout displays in order to eliminate the dc component of the applied voltage, to minimize variations in the drive voltage, and to reduce power consumption. The devices have passed severe reliability tests. Our displays have lasted 15 000 h under normal test conditions. Using the dichroic mirror approach, it has become possible to design color displays of yellow, green, blue, or any color which have high readability and wide viewing angle under severe ambient light conditions.
A histochemical comparison of the O-acylated sialic acids of the epithelial mucins in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and normal controls. (1979)

Two histochemical techniques, the PAT/KOH/PAS and the PBT/KOH/PAS, were used to investigate the side chain O-acyl substitution patterns of the sialic acids of the colonic epithelial mucins in cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In both diseases there was, as compared to normal, a reduction in the proportion of sialic acids O-acylated at C7C8, the reduction being greater in ulcerative colitis. Further, there appeared to be an association between the severity of the disease and the reduction in the staining of O-acylated sialic acids. This relationship was more marked in ulcerative colitis. In some cases of both diseases there was evidence for epithelial mucins containing predominantly C7-substituted sialic acids. This study has confirmed our previous conclusion that, in Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum, the disease is associated with an increase in the proportion of sialic acids bearing side chain substituents.
Rat Pneumonia and Soft-Tissue Infection Models for the Study of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biology (2008)

Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterial pathogen of increasing medical importance. Little is known about its mechanisms of pathogenesis, and safe reliable agents with predictable activity against A. baumannii are presently nonexistent. The availability of relevant animal infection models will facilitate the study of Acinetobacter biology. In this report we tested the hypothesis that the rat pneumonia and soft-tissue infection models that our laboratory had previously used for studies of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli were clinically relevant for A. baumannii. Advantages of these models over previously described models were that the animals were not rendered neutropenic and they did not receive porcine mucin with bacterial challenge. Using the A. baumannii model pathogen 307-0294 as the challenge pathogen, the pneumonia model demonstrated all of the features of infection that are critical for a clinically relevant model: namely, bacterial growth/clearance, an ensuing host inflammatory response, acute lung injury, and, following progressive bacterial proliferation, death due to respiratory failure. We were also able to demonstrate growth of 307-0294 in the soft-tissue infection model. Next we tested the hypothesis that the soft-tissue infection model could be used to discriminate between the inherent differences in virulence of various A. baumannii clinical isolates. The ability of A. baumannii to grow and/or be cleared in this model was dependent on the challenge strain. We also hypothesized that complement is an important host factor in protecting against A. baumannii infection in vivo. In support of this hypothesis was the observation that the serum sensitivity of various A. baumannii clinical isolates in vitro roughly paralleled their growth/clearance in the soft-tissue infection model in vivo. Lastly we hypothesized that the soft-tissue infection model would serve as an efficient screening mechanism for identifying gene essentiality for drug discovery. Random mutants of 307-0294 were initially screened for lack of growth in human ascites in vitro. Selected mutants were subsequently used for challenge in the soft-tissue infection model to determine if the disrupted gene was essential for growth in vivo. Using this approach, we have been able to successfully identify a number of genes essential for the growth of 307-0294 in vivo. In summary, these models are clinically relevant and can be used to study the innate virulence of various Acinetobacter clinical isolates and to assess potential virulence factors, vaccine candidates, and drug targets in vivo and can be used for pharmacokinetic and chemotherapeutic investigations.
The Spray Characteristics and Spray Behavior Characteristic in Exhaust Gas Flow of Urea Solution Injector (2010)

?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ???????????????(PM)??? ???????????????(NOx)??? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? LNT??? Urea-SCR??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. Urea-SCR??? Urea ???????????? ???????????? ?????? 2??? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? Urea ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? Urea ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. Recently, many technologies have been developed in order to satisfy stringent emission regulations. However, in the case of diesel engines, the stringent emission regulations with respect to NOx and PM have not yet been satisfied. A dramatic reduction in the NOx and PM emissions could be achieved by using after-treatment systems such as lean NOx trap (LNT) and urea-SCR systems. However, the high temperature in the exhaust pipe affects the spray behavior of the secondary injector, which is used for supplying the Urea-SCR. Because of this high temperature, it is difficult to achieve uniform distribution of the reducing agent in the manifold. In this paper, the characteristics of a urea-SCR injector used for injecting in the exhaust pipe are presented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spray characteristics of the injector, such as the spray angle, injection quantity, and SMD. In addition, laser diagnostics and high-speed-camera images were used to analyze the injector spray characteristics and to present a distribution of reduction in the transparent manifold.
(Invited) Towards a Si Foundry-Compatible, GaN-on-Si Mmic Process on 200 Mm Si with a Cu Damascene BEOL (2017)

In 2013 Raytheon began to integrate deep submicron (≤0.25 µm gate) 200mm GaN on Si HEMT processes within a commercial CMOS Si Foundry environment. When fully realized, these processes will demonstrate multi GHz GaN on Si MMICs by leveraging a fully subtractively processed transistor coupled with multi level copper based back end of line (Cu BEOL) processes. This work provides a status update on the progress towards that goal.
UPnP Based Intelligent Multimedia Service Architecture for Digital Home Network (2006)

Demand of multimedia contents in home network is growing rapidly and UPnP is expected to bring better multimedia experience with various A/V devices. However, UPnP A/V architecture, which allows the multimedia contents to be shared between A/V devices, is limited to the environments where interoperable contents format and identical network protocols are used. In this paper, we propose an intelligent multimedia service framework which enables A/V contents to be adopted and shared according to user multimedia environments. We design and implement our multimedia service architecture based on UPnP A/V service and MPEG-21 multimedia framework
Effects of heat treatment on tensile properties of high-strength poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers (2000)

The tensile properties of high-strength poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers after heat treatment in air, water, and engine oil were studied. The results show that heat treatment in air, water, and engine oil have a different influence on the tensile properties of high-strength PVA fibers. After heat treatment in air, the fibers possess excellent heat stability of the tensile properties. But in water, especially in hot water, the tenacity, Young's modulus, and specific work of rupture of the fibers decrease, while the elongation at break of the fibers increases. Similarly, engine oil has a significant influence on the tensile properties of the fibers. When the temperature of engine oil is above 120°C, the tensile properties of the fibers decrease drastically. We also discuss the influence of heat, water, and engine oil on the tensile properties of high-strength PVA fibers in relation to the structure of the fibers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 237–242, 2000
Airway sensory nerves: a burning issue in asthma? (1996)

Asthmatic subjects cough and bronchoconstrict to various agents known to stimulate sensory nerves. A population of sensory nerves, the C fibres, contain the neuropeptides substance P, neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Capsaicin, the principal ingredient of hot peppers, selectively stimulates C fibre afferents resulting in the release of these proinflammatory peptides. An upregulation in the function of sensory nerves may lead to augmented afferent and efferent function which, in asthma, could contribute to bronchial hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, and remodelling of the airway wall. Drugs specifically designed to attenuate the function of airway sensory nerves may prove useful in the treatment of asthma.
Four Dimensional Image Registration for Intravital Microscopy (2016)

Increasingly the behavior of living systems is being evaluated using intravital microscopy since it provides subcellular resolution of biological processes in an intact living organism. Intravital microscopy images are frequently confounded by motion resulting from animal respiration and heartbeat. In this paper we describe an image registration method capable of correcting motion artifacts in three dimensional fluorescence microscopy images collected over time. Our method uses 3D B-Spline non-rigid registration using a coarse-to-fine strategy to register stacks of images collected at different time intervals and 4D rigid registration to register 3D volumes over time. The results show that our proposed method has the ability of correcting global motion artifacts of sample tissues in four dimensional space, thereby revealing the motility of individual cells in the tissue.
Comparison of the suppressive effects of soluble CR1 and C5a receptor antagonist in acute arthritis induced in rats by blocking of CD59 (2000)

We investigated the effects of suppression of complement activation at C3 level and inhibition of C5a on acute synovitis in rats. Acute synovitis was induced in Wistar rats by intra-articular (i.a.) injection into one knee of 0.3 mg of MoAb 6D1 (anti-rat CD59 antibody). In the treatment groups, soluble CR1 (sCR1) or C5a receptor (C5aR) antagonist was administered intra-articularly or intravenously and effects on the course of the acute synovitis were monitored. Synovitis induced by 6D1 was characterized by joint swelling, thickening of synovial tissue, cellular infiltration and deposition of membrane attack complex (MAC) on the synovial surface. Neither inflammatory change nor MAC deposition was found in rats which received an i.a. injection of sCR1 to suppress complement activity in the joint. Intra-articular injection of sCR1 did not reduce plasma complement activity. Intravenous administration of sCR1 suppressed plasma complement activity but had no effect on the course of the arthritis and synovitis with MAC deposition was observed. Neither i.a. nor i.v. injection of C5aR antagonist had any suppressive effects on inflammatory change or MAC deposition in synovium. The data show that inflammatory change induced by 6D1 was mediated by local complement activation and was not accompanied by systemic complement activation. C5a generation was not responsible for the observed inflammation, suggesting that other complement activation products, possibly MAC, mediate the inflammatory change observed in this model of acute synovitis in rats.
Relation of pancreatic duct hyperplasia to carcinoma (1979)

In order to find a relationship between ductal hyperplasia and carcinoma of the pancreas, histological and histochemical examinations were made on pancreatic specimens of 1,174 autopsy patients with special attention to the age incidence of the former. Ductal hyperplasia was divided into 3 types; nonpapillary, papillary, and atypical hyperplasia. All three types of hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma showed a similar tinctorial property in mucous histochemistry. In general, atypical hyperplasia was seen in the pancreas having papillary hyperplasia which was found in the pancreas associated with nonpapillary hyperplasia. All three types of hyperplasia were apparently more frequent in cancerous pancreases than in non-cancerous ones. They were also more common in the head of the pancreas than in the body and tail. Age incidence also suggests a sequential change from nonpapillary hyperplasia through papillary and atypical ones to carcinoma.