gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet-derived growth factors and fibroblast growth factors are mitogens for rat Schwann cells. (1990)

Rat sciatic nerve Schwann cells in culture respond to a limited range of mitogens, including glial growth factor, transforming growth factors beta-1 and beta-2 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2), some cell membrane-associated factors, and to agents such as cholera toxin and forskolin which raise intracellular levels of cAMP. These responses require the presence of FCS, which exhibits little or no mitogenic activity in the absence of other factors. However, we recently found that forskolin greatly potentiates the mitogenic signal from TGFs-beta 1 and beta 2, raising the possibility that cAMP might couple other factors to mitogenesis. We have therefore screened a range of candidate mitogens using DNA synthesis assays. Other than TGFs-beta and glial growth factor, none of the factors tested were mitogenic in the presence of 10% serum alone. With the addition of forskolin, however, porcine PDGF, human PDGF, acidic and basic FGF were potent mitogens for rat Schwann cells, stimulating DNA synthesis and increasing cell number. Cholera toxin and dibutyrylcyclicAMP, but not 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, can substitute for forskolin indicating that the mitogenic effect is mediated via adenylyl cyclase activation. Porcine PDGF gave half-maximal stimulation at 15 pM, and human PGDF an equivalent response at 1 nM. Basic FGF was half maximal at 5 pM, acidic FGF at 1 nM. The recognition of PDGFs and FGFs as mitogens for Schwann cells has many implications for the study of Schwann cell proliferation in the development and regeneration of nerves, and in Schwann cell tumorigenesis.
Threshold-voltage instability in MOSFET's due to channel hot-hole emission (1981)

Hydrogen introduced and trapped in the gate oxide of MOSFET's by the silicon-nitride capping process can be activated by emitted holes from the MOSFET channel to produce a large threshold-voltage shift. This effect requires avalanche multiplication in the channel for the production of holes when a dc voltage is applied to the gate. For the pulsed-gate case, the magnitude of the threshold-voltage shift depends significantly on the gate-pulse fall time, cycle time, and duty cycle. In both cases the electric field normal to the Si/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface near the drain aids the emission of holes across that interface. A semiquantitative model is proposed which says that holes can recombine at H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> molecules and release sufficient energy to cause dissociation. The atomic hydrogen created can participate in electrochemical reactions at the gate oxide/channel interface which create nonuniform distributions of trapped charge and interface states along the channel. Model calculations of the time, temperature, and voltage dependences of this threshold instability agree well with measured results.
On the computation of the minimum distance of low-density parity-check codes (2004)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in their broader-sense definition are linear codes whose parity-check matrices have fewer 1s than 0s. Finding their minimum distance is therefore in general an NP-hard problem. We propose a randomized algorithm called nearest nonzero codeword search (NNCS) approach to tackle this problem for iteratively decodable LDPC codes. The principle of the NNCS approach is to search codewords locally around the all-zero codeword perturbed by minimal noise, anticipating that the resultant nearest nonzero codewords will most likely contain the minimum-Hamming- weight codeword whose Hamming weight is equal to the minimum distance of the linear code. This approach has its roots in Berrou et al.'s error-impulse method and a form of Fossorier's list decoding for LDPC codes.
Interpreting the Stratigraphy of the Baltimore Canyon Section, Offshore New Jersey With <italic>PHil</italic>, a Stratigraphic Simulator (1999)

Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy: Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations - This volume presents the results derived from a three-day workshop held at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, from May 15 through May 17, 1996. The objectives of the workshop were to document, characterize, demonstrate, and compare different computing procedures that have been utilized in simulating stratigraphic sequences. Both inverse and forward simulation modeling procedures are represented. The results of the workshop and the papers assembled here include: (1) an enhanced understanding of similarities and differences between models and modeling philosophies, (2) increased communication among modeling groups and geoscientists, (3) critical evaluation of applications and assessment of how models have been utilized, and (4) improvements and refinements in techniques for generating and describing model input and output.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Increase in Lymphocytic FKBP51 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression: A Potential Marker for Glucocorticoid Sensitivity, Potency, and Bioavailability (2003)

To reduce the side effects of corticosteroid treatment, the administered dose of glucocorticoids (GCs) should be kept to a minimum while preserving therapeutically needed intracellular levels. Currently available assays to determine individual sensitivity to GCs are either imprecise or based on inhibition by GCs of lymphocyte proliferation following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or other mitogens, which may influence the GC signal transduction pathway. Using the human lymphoblastoid cell line IM-9 as a model system, we studied whether the GC-induced increase of the mRNA encoding the 51-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP51) could be used for the development of a novel assay, ultimately to be used in native human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). GC addition to IM-9 cells resulted in a dose-dependent increase of FKBP51 mRNA levels within 2 h, followed by a further increase until 24 h. Northern blot analysis and real-time PCR yielded similar results. Coincubation of GCs with the GC receptor antagonist ORG 34116 or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide suggested a direct, GC receptor-mediated up-regulation of FKBP51 gene transcription. Expected differences in potency among different GCs could be readily demonstrated in this system. Extending our observations in IM-9 lymphoblasts to normal PBMCs, we found a dose-dependent increase of FKBP51 mRNA on ex vivo incubation of native human PBMCs with GCs, with a sensitivity of about 10(-9) M for dexamethasone. Moreover, dexamethasone ingestion increased FKBP51 mRNA in PBMCs in vivo, extending the use of this assay to the measurement of GC bioavailability. Finally, using this method we were able to demonstrate partial GC-insensitivity in a 6-month-old infant suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. We conclude that the induction of FKBP51 mRNA by GCs may be a suitable marker to assess individual GC sensitivity, the in vitro measurement of GC potency, and the in vivo determination of GC bioavailability.
Digital Position Estimation for the Modular Scintillation Camera (1985)

Digital implementation of position estimation for the modular scintillation camera is presented. The modular camera system, introduced at the 1983 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, comprises an array of small, mechanically and electronically independent, all-digital scintillation cameras. This paper addresses how to best determine the event position given the PMT signals. Two Bayesian estimators are investigated, namely maximum-likelihood (ML) and minimum-meansquare-error (MS) estimators. Both estimators performed similarly. The more important aspect of the estimation problem was found to be the shape of the detector responses as a function of position.
Subgroup analysis by measurable metastatic lesion (ML) number and selected lesion locations (LL) at baseline (BL) in NAPOLI-1: A phase III study of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI)±5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy. (2018)

460 Background: We report a post hoc, exploratory analysis of pts with BL ML number and LL data who received nal-IRI+5-FU/LV, nal-IRI or 5-FU/LV in NAPOLI-1, a pivotal, phase 3 trial (NCT01494506). nal-IRI+5-FU/LV increased median OS (mOS) vs 5-FU/LV (6.1 vs 4.2 mo [HR=0.67; p=0.012]). Methods: ML (1, 2, 3, >3) and LL were recorded (local investigator) at BL. Pts with >1 LL were counted for each location. Results: 354 of 417 ITT pts had measurable BL ML and 1,080 LL were recorded. There was no clear trend in the percentage of pts with KPS ≥80 in 1- >3 ML (range 87%-95%) or LL (range 89%-94%) subgroups. ML 1 (n=81), 2 (n=65) and 3 (n=24) subgroups were small. nal-IRI+5-FU/LV significantly improved mOS vs. 5-FU/LV in pts with 2/>3 ML (n=184/24); nal-IRI+5-FU/LV had numerically higher mOS vs. 5-FU/LV for all LL (Table). nal-IRI+5-FU/LV had favourable median PFS (mPFS) vs. 5-FU/LV in pts with 1–>3 ML (range 2.0-4.2 vs. 1.4-1.9 mo; HR range 0.35-0.88) and for all LL (range 2.8-4.2 vs. 1.4-2.0 mo; HR range 0.39-0.55). Conclusions: Low pt numbers across groups and repeat counting of pts in LL subgroups preclude firm conclusions on treatment efficacy, pending further analyses. Allowing for these limitations, we detected no clear prognostic effect on outcomes of higher BL ML number or LL in NAPOLI-1 ITT pts. nal-IRI+5-FU/LV improved mOS vs. 5-FU/LV in some ML groups and across LL groups; improvement in mPFS vs. 5-FU/LV in the ITT population was maintained in all subgroups. Clinical trial information: NCT01494506. [Table: see text]
The pre-erythrocytic stage of plasmodium falciparum (1951)

Journal Article The pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum Get access H.E. Shortt, C.I.E., M.D., D.SC., D.T.M. & H., F.R.S., H.E. Shortt, C.I.E., M.D., D.SC., D.T.M. & H., F.R.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Hamilton Fairley, K.B.E., M.D., D.SC., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., N. Hamilton Fairley, K.B.E., M.D., D.SC., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Covell, C.I.E., M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H., G. Covell, C.I.E., M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.G. Shute, M.B.E., P.G. Shute, M.B.E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.C.C. Garnham, M.D., D.P.H. P.C.C. Garnham, M.D., D.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 44, Issue 4, February 1951, Pages 405–419, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(51)80019-1 Published: 01 February 1951
Studies Of Liquid Crystal Response Time (2005)

In this dissertation, the response time issue of the liquid crystal (LC) devices is investigated in meeting the challenges for display and photonic applications. The correlation between the LC director response time and the optical response time is derived theoretically and confirmed experimentally. A major contribution of this thesis is that, based on the small angle approximation, we derive rigorous analytical solutions for correlating the LC director response time to its consequent optical response times (both rise and decay) of a vertical-aligned nematic LC cell. This work successfully fills the gap in the literature of LCD switching dynamics. An important effect related to response time, backflow is analyzed using a homogeneous LC cell in an infrared wavelength. The Leslie viscosity coefficients can hardly be found in the literature. A new effective approach to estimate the Leslie coefficients of LC mixtures based on MBBA data is proposed in this dissertation. Using this method, the Leslie coefficients of the LC material under study can be extracted based on its order parameters. The simulation results agree with the experimental data very well. This method provides a useful tool for analyzing the dynamic response including backflow. Cell gap is an important factor affecting the LC response time. Usually a thinner cell gap is chosen to achieve faster response time, since normally both rise and decay times are known to be proportional to d2. However, they are valid only in the region. In the large voltage region where , the optical decay time is independent of d. In this thesis, we find that between these two extremes the response time is basically linearly proportional to d. Our analytical derivation is validated by experimental results. Therefore, in the whole voltage region, the physical picture of the optical response time as a function of the cell gap is completed. This analysis is useful for understanding the grayscale switching behaviors of the LC phase modulators. In conclusion, this dissertation has solved some important issues related to LC optical response time and supplied valuable tools for scientists and engineers to numerically analyze the LC dynamics.
Bovine granulocytopathy syndrome of holstein-friesian calves and heifers. (1987)

[in Japanese]
Secure Mobile Payment Model Based on WAP (2008)

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) has dramatically changed our lives, while it has also posed challenges for individuals and businesses. One of the big concerns of m-commerce is security. In addition to the security issues of wired Internet, there are some special security demands for doing business over the wireless Internet, due to the limitations of wireless networks and mobile devices. This paper first discusses about the security requirements and solutions for m-commerce. Then, a secure mobile payment model is proposed based on wireless application protocol (WAP). The model adopts bridge Certificate Authority (CA) authentication to enhance the collaboration among the participants in m-commerce and to improve the interoperability, scalability and robustness of the payment authentication system.
Progress Report: The Activated Coagulation Time of Whole Blood (ACT) (1976)

The activated coagulation time of whole blood (ACT) has, in the nearly ten years since its first description in the literature, proven itself one of the best laboratory tests for the control of heparin therapy, both for patients undergoing treatment for thromboembolic disease and for those on extracorporeal circulation. It is simple, largely free from subjective variation, precise, and quick. Prolongation of the ACT in the heparinized individual is directly proportional to the concentration of heparin in the blood, and the test accurately reflects the semilogarithmic disappearance of the anticoagulant effect in most patients. In addition, the test serves well as a bedside screening test for deficiencies of the intrinsic coagulation mechanism. The author summarizes the sutdies that have been carried out on this technic since its original description, and briefly presents three protocols for heparinization of patients who have thromboembolic disease.
Recurrence plots for dynamical analysis of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (2007)

Quantifiers were introduced to convert recurrence plots into a statistical analysis of dynamical properties. It is shown that the Shannon entropy, if properly computed, increases as the chaotic regime is developed as expected. Recurrence plots and a new estimator for the Shannon entropy are then used to identify asynchronisms in non-invasive mechanical ventilation. It is thus shown that the phase coherence-easily identified using a Shannon entropy-is relevant in the quality of the mechanical ventilation. In particular, some patients with chronic respiratory diseases or healthy subjects can have a high rate of asynchronisms but a regular breathing rhythm.
Neutral-point-clamped inverter with parallel driving of IGBTs for industrial applications (2000)

This paper describes the design and construction of a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter and converter, with outputs of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 MVA, which use insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The inverter and converter are suitable for industrial drive applications, such as rolling mills, water pumps, and so on, and they are composed of multi-inverter units in parallel. Each inverter unit is composed of four pairs of parallel IGBTs connected in series. In order to share current among the parallel-connected IGBTs, influences of wiring inductance and device characteristics are evaluated by simulation using novel power device models and experimental results. To reduce both switching voltage swing and power consumption, a variable-capacitance snubber circuit is also presented for the NPC inverter.
Commercial Aircraft Information Security-an Overview of ARINC Report 811 (2006)

This paper provides an overview of ARINC Report 811, Commercial Aircraft Information Security Concepts of Operation and Process Framework. ARINC Report 811 was developed by airline and industry participants of the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) Aircraft Information Security (SEC) Subcommittee, and it was adopted by the airline members of the AEEC in October 2005. ARINC Report 811 describes a three-step risk-based information security process framework, that considers existing airline operations and the organizational impact associated with the introduction of new aircraft information security procedures, particularly with respect to the management of mobile, global aircraft assets
La investigación, un reto para los cuerpos académicos en las escuelas normales / The investigation, a challenge for the academic bodies in the normal schools (2018)

La integracion de cuerpos academicos en las escuelas normales fue una accion emanada de las politicas educativas dirigidas a las instituciones formadoras de docentes, con el proposito de hacer investigacion de manera colaborativa, para enfrentar situaciones educativas que pudieran mejorar a partir de posibles propuestas generadas de los resultados obtenidos de las investigaciones que realizan estos grupos de trabajo. Este es un estudio descriptivo, basado en la observacion, en el intercambio de experiencias con otros CA de esucelas normales del estado y el pais, y la descripcion de las situaciones y experiencias que vivieron los integrantes del Cuerpo Academico de la Escuela Normal Urbana Federal Profr. Rafael Ramirez, ubicada en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Gro., hasta lograr el dictamen de CA en formacion, dado por la Direccion General de Educacion Superior para Profesionales de la Educacion Docente (DGESPE). Una aventura que inicio en el trabajo docente dentro del aula y culmina con la reflexion y analisis de situaciones didacticas que pueden mejorar el sistema educativo en el pais.El desarrollo del tema se plantea mediante un marco teorico, que permitio tener claro que son los cuerpos academicos en las escuelas normales, cual es el proposito de los mismos y como trabajan dentro de las escuelas formadoras de docentes.
Comparison of Interbody Fusion Approaches for Disabling Low Back Pain (1997)

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion-BAK achieves equal patient satisfaction but fiscally surpasses the 360 degrees fusion approach. Today's environment of regulated medical practice requires the surgeon to consider cost effectiveness when performing fusion for low back pain.
Sub-parsec Scale Imaging of Centaurus A (2010)

Abstract : At a distance of about 3.8 Mpc, the radio galaxy Centaurus A is the closest active galaxy. Therefore it is a key target for studying the innermost regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN). VLBI observations conducted within the framework of the TANAMI program enable us to study the central region of the Cen A jet with some of the highest linear resolutions ever achieved in an AGN. This region is the likely origin of the gamma-ray emission recently detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). TANAMI monitors a sample of radio and gamma-ray selected extragalactic jets south of -30 degrees declination at 8.4 GHz and 22.3 GHz with the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) and the transoceanic antennas Hartebeesthoek in South Africa, the 6 m Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory (TIGO) in Chile and the 9 m German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) in O'Higgins, Antarctica. The highest angular resolution achieved at 8.4 GHz in the case of Cen A is 0.59mas x 0.978mas (natural weighting) corresponding to a linear scale of less than 18 milliparsec. We show images of the first three TANAMI 8.4 GHz observation epochs of the sub-parsec scale jet-counterjet system of Cen A. With a simultaneous 22.3 GHz observation in 2008 November, we present a high resolution spectral index map of the inner few milliarcseconds of the jet probing the putative emission region of gamma-ray-photons.
Enhanced bone healing around nanohydroxyapatite-coated polyetheretherketone implants: An experimental study in rabbit bone (2014)

Our findings demonstrate that implants with a threaded design render good stability to PEEK in both coated and uncoated implants. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated PEEK implants demonstrated improved bone formation compared with uncoated controls.
An Empirical Analysis of Software Vendors' Patching Behavior: Impact of Vulnerability Disclosure. (2006)

One key aspect of better and more secure software is timely and reliable patching of vulnerabilities by software vendors. Recently software vulnerability disclosure, which refers to the publication of vulnerability information before a patch to fix the vulnerability has been issued by the software vendor, has generated intense interest and debate. In particular, there have been arguments made both in opposition to and in favor of alternatives such as full and instant disclosure and limited or no disclosure. An important consideration in this debate is the behavior of the software vendor. How quickly do vendors patch the vulnerabilities in general and after disclosure in particular? This paper compiles a unique data set from CERT/CC and SecurityFocus to answer this question. Our results suggest that disclosure policy has a significant positive impact on the vendor patching speed. Vendors are 137% more likely to patch due to disclosure. In particular, instant disclosure hastens the patch delivery by almost 29 days. Open source vendors patch more quickly than closed source vendors, and severe vulnerabilities are patched faster. We also find that vendors respond more slowly to vulnerabilities not handled by CERT/CC. This might reflect the stronger lines of communication between CERT/CC and vendors, and the value of the vulnerability analysis by CERT/CC.
Metaiodobenzylguanidine to map scintigraphically the adrenergic nervous system in man. (1987)

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) localizes in adrenergic neurons; MIBG labeled with 123I then serves as an analog of norepinephrine, and concentrations of [123I]MIBG reflect sites of adrenergic neurons in organs. Movements of [123I]MIBG into and out of organs were measured by quantitative scintigraphy in man. We perturbed adrenergic neuron function in several ways, and [123I]MIBG concentrations in the heart were subsequently altered in patterns consistent with the concept that [123I]MIBG resides mostly in adrenergic neurons. Uptake of [123I]MIBG into the heart was inhibited by the tricyclic drug, imipramine, and this agent also accelerated the rate of loss of [123I]MIBG. Phenylpropanolamine, a sympathomimetic drug that acts by displacing norepinephrine from neurons, increased the rates of loss of [123I]MIBG from the heart. Exercise was followed by a movement of [123I]MIBG into blood and urine. Generalized autonomic neuropathies were associated with marked diminutions of [123I]MIBG uptake into the heart. We conclude that quantitative scintigraphy in patients will enable determinations of regional disturbances in integrity (by measuring uptake of [123I]MIBG) and function (by measuring rates of loss of [123I]MIBG) of the adrenergic nervous system in the heart.