gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digitale Signalverarbeitung für Lautsprecher (1999)

This dissertation deals with digital signal processing for actively controlled multi-way loudspeakers. In addition to examining AD- and DA-conversion principles and methods to increase their dynamic range, the main focus is targeted on filter technology. IIR filters are only used as a fully parametric equaliser bank that precedes the main crossover-and linearisation FIR-filter section. To obtain satisfactory resolution in the lower frequency bands with FIR filters, a downsampling scheme is used. The resulting process delay can be reduced by using minimum-phase low-pass filters in the down- and upsampling stages. Regarding the resulting frequency- and impulse responses of the equalised loudspeakers, FIR filters can give considerably better results compared to IIR filters and are able to equalise frequency responses to almost perfect performance with regard to amplitude and phase. However, compared with elaborate analogue solutions, these improvements do not lead to a considerable enhancement of perceived audio quality, at least if directivity and the influence of room acoustics are not considered. Efficient protection against overloading is an indispensable task in the area of large-scale sound reinforcement and also very useful in home hi-fi applications to avoid permanent damage to loudspeakers. The non-linear signal treatment needed to realise the appropriate limiter stages is discussed. A look-ahead peak limiter with zero overshoot and very low distortion is presented, along with a two staged thermo limiter to protect voice coils from overheating. The applied measurement technology for evaluating linear and time-invariant systems is presented by a brief overview of different methods, old and new. Practical aspects are also taken into account, such as weak non-linearities always present in loudspeaker measurements as well as polar response. The generation of efficient FIR bandpass filters featuring high stop-band attenuation along with very good equalisation properties in the pass-band is presented in detail. Additionally, various pre-processing tools to deviate deliberately from flat on-axis response are explained. Listening tests were conducted to further investigate why different loudspeakers still sound different, even when all equalised to the same on-axis frequency responses. It is shown that these speakers still produce quite different ear signals (as may be demonstrated by dummy head measurements), probably caused by different radiation properties and presumably also by different wave front patterns. Once different loudspeakers are equalised to produce the same in-ear frequency response, they become virtually indistinguishable. Hence, phase errors and non-linear distortion seem to have only negligible effect on the perceived differences between loudspeakers.
Evidence for indirect dietary regulation of cholecystokinin release in rats (1993)

Food ingestion stimulates cholecystokinin (CCK) release from the proximal intestine, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. To investigate this effect in vivo in intact rats, plasma CCK was measured after orogastric feeding of proteins, protein hydrolysates, amino acids, glucose, and starch. Intact proteins were the only nutrients to stimulate CCK release. The possibility of direct interaction between different dietary constituents and intestinal CCK-secreting endocrine cells was then examined using a perfusion system containing isolated mucosal cells from the rat duodenojejunum. The functional validity of this system was established by demonstrating that monitor peptide and bombesin both stimulated CCK release in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of bombesin required extracellular calcium and was not inhibited by addition of tetrodotoxin. Perifusion of proteins, protein digests, and carbohydrates did not stimulate CCK release. These results indicate that proteins stimulate CCK release postprandially via an indirect mechanism, most likely related to inhibition of intraluminal trypsin. Perifusion of dispersed mucosal cells constitutes a reproducible model to investigate hormonal and peptidergic regulation of CCK release in vitro.
Vision problems at video display terminals: a survey of optometrists. (1992)

One thousand three hundred seven optometrists responded (25.3 percent response rate) to a mail questionnaire concerning VDT patients in their practice. On the average, 14.25 percent of optometric patients present with symptoms primarily associated with use of the VDT, or almost 10 million examinations annually when projected to the U.S. population. A majority (55.3 percent) reported that their VDT patients have symptoms that are different than other near point workers, especially as related to glare, lighting, unique viewing conditions and spectacle requirements, and the greater frequency and severity of symptoms. They judged that they were unable to arrive at a confident diagnosis and treatment plan for 20.87 percent of VDT patients, which was significantly more than the 14.05 percent for non-VDT patients. Uncorrected refractive errors, accommodative disorders, irritated eyes, binocular vision disorders, and spectacle design problems were the most frequently cited diagnoses. On the average, 39.3 percent of their VDT patients receive a special VDT prescription or spectacle design that is different than they would require for other daily activities. They judged that 36.8 percent of the symptoms were related to visual environmental factors, primarily glare, lighting, screen resolution and work arrangement. The best way to resolve symptoms for VDT workers is to provide thorough vision examination and treatment in conjunction with diagnosis and treatment of visual environmental problems.
Research and Realization of the Optimal Path Algorithm with Complex Traffic Regulations in GIS (2007)

Traditional shortest path algorithm didn't consider the condition of road network, such as no left-turn. This paper restructured the topology of network chart considering the complex traffic regulations, in order to rebuild the model of urban traffic network, and proposed a new optimal path algorithm adapted for urban traffic guidance system based on Dijkstra algorithm. At last, we used Visual Basic and MapX control to implement the optimal algorithm in Geography Information System (GIS).
An Ink Jet Facsimile Recorder (1978)

A facsimile recorder developed at Teletype Corporation utilizes a squirting ink jet as the printing device. The recorder produces copy having 200 lines per inch resolution on ordinary paper at the rate of 50 pages per hour. The design features a disposable ink system which can be replaced by an operator. The technique used for generating gray tones is readily adaptable to color printing.
Environmentally benign, one-pot synthesis of pyrans by domino Knoevenagel/6π-electrocyclization in water and application to natural products (2010)

In water medium, environmentally benign, facile, and efficient synthesis of pyrans was achieved in good yields by the reactions of a variety of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with several α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The key strategy was a formal [3+3] cycloaddition by domino Knoevenagel/6π- electrocyclization. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting pyranocoumarin, pyranoquinolinone, and pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives along with selected natural and non-natural products.
Metabolism of Capsaicin by Cytochrome P450 Produces Novel Dehydrogenated Metabolites and Decreases Cytotoxicity to Lung and Liver Cells (2003)

Capsaicin is a common dietary constituent and a popular homeopathic treatment for chronic pain. Exposure to capsaicin has been shown to cause various dose-dependent acute physiological responses including the sensation of burning and pain, respiratory depression, and death. In this study, the P450-dependent metabolism of capsaicin by recombinant P450 enzymes and hepatic and lung microsomes from various species, including humans, was determined. A combination of LC/MS, LC/MS/MS, and LC/NMR was used to identify several metabolites of capsaicin that were generated by aromatic (M5 and M7) and alkyl hydroxylation (M2 and M3), O-demethylation (M6), N- (M9) and alkyl dehydrogenation (M1 and M4), and an additional ring oxygenation of M9 (M8). Dehydrogenation of capsaicin was a novel metabolic pathway and produced unique macrocyclic, diene, and imide metabolites. Metabolism of capsaicin by microsomes was inhibited by the nonselective P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (1-ABT). Metabolism was catalyzed by CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4. Addition of GSH (2 mM) to microsomal incubations stimulated the metabolism of capsaicin and trapped several reactive electrophilic intermediates as their GSH adducts. These results suggested that reactive intermediates, which inactivated certain P450 enzymes, were produced during catalytic turnover. Comparison of the rate and types of metabolites produced from capsaicin and its analogue, nonivamide, demonstrated similar pathways in the P450-dependent metabolism of these two capsaicinoids. However, production of the dehydrogenated (M4), macrocyclic (M1), and omega-1-hydroxylated (M3) metabolites was not observed for nonivamide. These differences may be reflective of the mechanism of formation of these metabolites of capsaicin. The role of metabolism in the cytotoxicity of capsaicin and nonivamide was also assessed in cultured lung and liver cells. Lung cells were markedly more sensitive to cytotoxicity by capsaicin and nonivamide. Cytotoxicity was enhanced 5 and 40% for both compounds by 1-ABT in BEAS-2B and HepG2, respectively. These data suggested that metabolism of capsaicinoids by P450 in cells represented a detoxification mechanism (in contrast to bioactivation).
Disorders of the autonomic nervous system: Part 1. Pathophysiology and clinical features (1987)

Autonomic dysfunction may result from diseases that affect primarily either the central nervous system or the peripheral autonomic nervous system. The most common pathogenesis of disturbed autonomic function in central nervous system diseases is degeneration of the intermediolateral cell columns (progressive autonomic failure) or disease or damage to descending pathways that synapse on the intermediolateral column cells (spinal cord lesions, cerebrovascular disease, brainstem tumors, multiple sclerosis). The peripheral autonomic nervous system may be damaged in isolation in the acute and subacute autonomic neuropathies or in association with a generalized peripheral neuropathy. The peripheral neuropathies most likely to cause severe autonomic disturbance are those in which small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are damaged in the baroreflex afferents, the vagal efferents to the heart, and the sympathetic efferent pathways to the mesenteric vascular bed. Acute demyelination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the Guillain-Barré syndrome may also cause acute autonomic dysfunction. Although autonomic disturbances may occur in other types of peripheral neuropathy, they are rarely clinically important.
Secreted and membrane attractin result from alternative splicing of the human<i>ATRN</i>gene (2000)

Attractin, initially identified as a soluble human plasma protein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity that is expressed and released by activated T lymphocytes, also has been identified as the product of the murine mahogany gene with connections to control of pigmentation and energy metabolism. The mahogany product, however, is a transmembrane protein, raising the possibility of a human membrane attractin in addition to the secreted form. The genomic structure of human attractin reveals that soluble attractin arises from transcription of 25 sequential exons on human chromosome 20p13, where the 3' terminal exon contains sequence from a long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon element that includes a stop codon and a polyadenylation signal. The mRNA isoform for membrane attractin splices over the LINE-1 exon and includes five exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains with organization and coding potential almost identical to that of the mouse gene. The relative abundance of soluble and transmembrane isoforms measured by reverse transcription-PCR is differentially regulated in lymphoid tissues. Because activation of peripheral blood leukocytes with phytohemagglutinin induces strong expression of cell surface attractin followed by release of soluble attractin, these results suggest that a genomic event unique to mammals, LINE-1 insertion, has provided an evolutionary mechanism for regulating cell interactions during an inflammatory reaction.
Asymptotic Expressions for Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of a Dielectric or Optical Waveguide (1969)

An asymptotic technique is presented, resulting in an analytically simple self-consistent description of the modes of a circular dielectric structure. When the dielectric difference between the rod and surrounding medium is small, the asymptotic expressions are valid for all frequencies. Even when the inside dielectric constant is twice the outside, less than a 10 percent error is usually involved. A simple functional expression for the eigenvalues of both the circular rod and the dielectric slab results from the analysis, thus eliminating the need for numerical or graphical methods.
Determination of Organic-Matter Content of Appalachian Devonian Shales from Gamma-Ray Logs (1981)

The organic-matter content of the Devonian shale of the Appalachian basin is important for assessing the natural-gas resources of these rocks, and patterns of organic-matter distribution convey information on sedimentary processes and depositional environment. In most of the western part of the Appalachian basin the organic-matter content of the Devonian shale can be estimated from gamma-ray wire-line logs using the equation: ^phgro = (^ggrB - ^ggr)/1.378A, where ^phgro is the organic-matter content of the shale (fractional volume), ^ggr the gamma-ray intensity (API units), ^ggrB the gamma-ray intensity if no organic matter is present (API units), and A the slope of the crossplot of gamma-ray intensity and formation density (API units/(g/cm3)). The quantities A and ^ggrB vary regionally and are mapped using data from gamma-ray and formation-density wire-line logs. Organic-matter contents estimated using this equation are compared with organic-matter contents determined from direct laboratory analyses of organic carbon for 74 intervals of varying thickness from 12 widely separated wells. The organic-matter content of these intervals ranges from near zero to about 20% by volume. Excluding the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale and the lower part of the Olentangy Shale, the distribution of the differences between volume-percent organic-matter content determined from core samples and estimated from gamma-ray logs has a mean of 0.44% and a standard deviation of 1.98%, which indicates that the accuracy of the gamma-ray method is adequate for most geologic applications. The gamma-ray intensity of the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale and the lower pa t of the Olentangy Shale is anomalously low compared to other Devonian shales of similar richness, so that organic-matter content computed for each of these units from gamma-ray logs is likely to be too low. Wire-line methods for estimating organic-matter content have the advantages of economy, readily available sources of data, and continuous sampling of the vertically heterogenous shale section. The gamma-ray log, in particular, is commonly run in the Devonian shale, its response characteristics are well known, and the cumulative pool of gamma-ray logs forms a large and geographically broad data base. The quantitative computation of organic-matter content from gamma-ray logs should be of practical value in studies of the Appalachian Devonian shale. The general approach described here may also be applicable to other formations with physical and geochemical characteristics similar to the Appalachian Devonian shale.
Organic reactions catalyzed by solid superacids. 5. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (Nafion-H) catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic reactions catalyzed by solid superacids. 5. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (Nafion-H) catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylationTakehiko Yamato, Chieko Hideshima, G. K. Surya Prakash, and George A. OlahCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 12, 3955–3957Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00012a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00012a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1471Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef: A review (2015)

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today's 2-dimensional (2D) standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.
Adaptive data communication techniques for HF systems (2002)

HF communication system parameters and techniques must be optimized and adapted in real time if maximum throughput is to be achieved. Current adaptive HF techniques, such as FED-STD-1045/MIL-STD-188-141A, use channel evaluation and selective call to react to the changing HF propagation conditions. New data link protocols such as those in appendix B of proposed FED-STD-1052 and others take adaptive communications one step further, Proposed FED-STD-1052 appendix B (referred to simply as FED-STD-1052) specifies means by which frame size, modem data rate, and modem interleaver depth can be adapted in real time for changing HF conditions. Transmit power control is an additional system parameter whose adaptation affects throughput. For an HF sytem to be truly adaptive, it must take advantage of all of the techniques mentioned. The authors discuss the adaptation of data communication system parameters to deal with the changing HF environment, and present the tradeoffs for this multidimensional optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on Soybean Trypsin Inhibitors (1978)

Soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor, a double-headed inhibitor of trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, was treated with cyanogen bromide and then pepsin to yield two inhibitory active fragments. Structural investigation showed that one of the fragments was derived from the trypsin inhibitory domain and the other from the chymotrypsin inhibitory domain of the inhibitor. In contrast to the unusual stability of the native inhibitor, the separated domains were less stable and could be inactivated with excess proteinases. These results suggest that the legume double-headed inhibitors acquired their unusual stability by duplicating an ancestral single-headed structure.
More Than Telling a Story: Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories (2015)

The authors take a closer look at how the visualization community has discussed visual storytelling and present a visual data storytelling process, incorporating steps involved in finding insights (explore data), turning these insights into a narrative (make a story), and communicating this narrative to an audience (tell a story). They also discuss opportunities for future research in visualization as a storytelling medium in the light of this broader process.
DPF Systems for High Sulfur Fuels (2011)

During the first decade of Diesel particle filter development and deployment in cars, trucks, buses and underground sites, DPF regeneration methods were engineered that were compatible with the then prevalent high sulfur content in the fuel &gt; 2000 ppm. The mainly used methods were burners, electrical heaters, replaceable filters and non-precious metal fuel additives. Low sulfur Diesel fuel became only available from 1996 in Sweden, 1998 in Switzerland, and after 2000 everywhere in Europe. Thus, the deployment of precious metal catalytic converters was feasible both as original equipment and retrofitting of in-use engines. The so-called CRT particle filters using PGM-catalysis for providing NO<sub>2</sub> for low temperature regeneration became very successful wherever ULSD was available. However, in many applications, e.g. off-road and in the construction industry, Diesel engines continued to run on high sulfur fuel and in many emerging countries, even on-road Diesel fuel still contains between 1000 and 2000 ppm sulfur. These countries suffer very much from air pollution through increasing Diesel particle emissions and the high impact of black carbon particles on human health as well as on the global warming is worrying. Hence, the necessity for modern particle filters that are compatible with high sulfur content of the fuel. In the context of Chinese megalopolis, this paper reports investigation of a fuel which is typical for China (containing &gt; 1000 ppm sulfur) and compares results with European standard Diesel fuel. The test objects were two modern SiC particle filters, which were regenerated using different iron-based FBC. The combustion attributes of the soot were investigated by TGA and their EC/OC composition was examined. The results indicate that at the given test conditions the fuel sulfur does not significantly change the filters' physical and chemical properties. Neither the filter particle loading process nor the filter regeneration is noticeably different for the high sulfur test fuel compared to the ultra-low sulfur European fuel. Therefore VERT-verified iron-based FBC-type DPF can be used in countries where ULSD is not yet available.