gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of TNF alpha-like proteins correlates with some regions of programmed cell death in the chick embryo (1994)

Early chick embryos have previously been shown to express tumor necrosis factor-alpha-cross-reactive proteins (TNF alpha-CRPs) in a developmentally regulated manner, thus implicating these proteins in programmed cell death and in tissue remodeling. In this study, cells undergoing DNA fragmentation have been identified, using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end-labeling (TUNEL), during the embryonic development of the chick, between stages 18 and 29. DNA fragmentation is indicative of cells undergoing programmed cell death. TUNEL-positive cells were identified in several well documented areas of programmed cell death, including the limb buds, the heart, spinal motoneurons, dorsal root ganglia, and the ventral horn of the neural tube. In addition, other areas of cell death were identified including the floor plate and the mesonephros. In several locations, a close correlation was noted between the presence of TUNEL-positive cells and regions of TNF alpha-immunoreactivity. These regions included the ventral horn and marginal zone of the neural tube, spinal motoneurons, paravertebral ganglia, parts of the myotome, mesenchyme of the body wall, and the mesonephros. In addition, using the TNF alpha-sensitive L929-8 bioassay it was shown that homogenate of stage 18 chick embryos is cytotoxic to L929-8 cells and that this toxicity can be reduced using neutralizing antibodies to mouse TNF alpha. This bioassay allowed us to estimate the mean concentration of TNF alpha-like activity in embryo homogenate, which is within the range of physiological (pg/ml) levels of TNF alpha found in other systems. These results suggest that proteins with TNF alpha-like activity may have a role in programmed cell death in some tissues during early chick embryo development.
Efficacy and Safety of Short-term Administration of Aerosolized Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (1993)

Chronic endobronchial bacterial infection evokes purulent airway secretions in patients with CF. The viscoelastic properties of these secretions is primarily due to the presence of polymerized DNA from degenerating leukocytes. Recombinant human DNase I (rhDNase) reduces the viscosity of CF sputum in vitro. To test the hypothesis that rhDNase would improve pulmonary function in children and adults with CF, we compared the efficacy and safety of 10-day administration of three doses of aerosolized rhDNase (0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg twice daily) in 181 outpatients using a randomized, placebo-controlled parallel design. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved 10 to 12% (p < 0.05 to 0.001), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) improved 10 to 15% (p < 0.001) across all doses of rhDNase compared with placebo. The magnitude of effect was dose dependent for both FVC and FEV1 through study Day 21 (p < 0.001). rhDNase was associated with a decreased perception of dyspnea and an improved perception of well-being. No patients developed detectable anti-rhDNase antibodies or bronchial reactivity to rhDNase. Some patients experienced mild upper airway irritation, but no major adverse events were reported. Administration for 10 days of aerosolized rhDNase to pediatric and adult outpatients with CF improves lung function and is well tolerated. Although all three doses were efficacious, the greatest improvement in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio was demonstrated in the 2.5 and 10.0 mg rhDNase treatment groups.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluvoxamine in Patients With Schizophrenia (2012)

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with suboptimal psychosocial performance. Several lines of evidence have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptors were involved in cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia and that the sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine was effective in treating cognitive impairments in animal models of schizophrenia and in some patients with schizophrenia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of fluvoxamine adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia was performed. A total of 48 patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to an 8-week administration of add-on fluvoxamine (n = 24, titrated up to 150 mg/d) or placebo (n =24) in a total 12-week double-blind trial. The primary outcome measure was the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), assessing visual memory, working memory, attention, and executive function. The secondary outcome measures were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Quality of Life Scale, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Fluvoxamine was well tolerated. No significant time × group interaction effects were observed in the scores of the CANTAB, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Quality of Life Scale, or the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. However, in secondary analyses, the change from baseline to end point on the Spatial Working Memory strategy score (executive function) of CANTAB improved in the fluvoxamine group. This study suggests no major benefit of fluvoxamine adjunctive therapy to improve cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, a further study using a large sample size will be needed to confirm the secondary analyses findings.
Three organizations of human DNA. (1983)

Human DNA was denatured, annealed to low C0t, and fractionated by centrifugation to equilibrium on gradients of NaI. Three well-defined zones resulted. The topmost, least dense zone contained satellite DNA. The bottom zone contained molecules bearing infrequent sequences and short repeated DNA. The middle zone contained molecules bearing infrequent sequences, short repeated DNA, and long repeated DNA. The NaI pattern was independent of single-strand DNA chain length from 5 to 30 kilobases. Structural genes were found in the organization bearing long repeats.
Biomaterial‐based notch signaling for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into T cells (2006)

Thymocyte development takes place in a complex milieu of supportive cells and ECM that are responsible for the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and selection processes these cells undergo before reaching maturity. In recent years, the role of notch signaling in lymphocyte development, specifically T-cell development, has been extensively characterized. Although notch ligand mediated signals have been shown to be a necessary component of T-cell generation from stem cells, high-throughput, synthetic biomaterial-based systems for notch-directed stem-cell differentiation into lymphocytes are yet to be reported. Here, we present a microbead-based, artificial notch signaling system to study stem-cell differentiation into the T-cell lineage. Magnetic microbeads were functionalized with the notch ligand DLL4 using streptavidin-biotin binding and antibody-antigen coupling. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis indicated approximately 65% conjugation efficiency. Efficient notch signaling through these functionalized microbeads was demonstrated through a myotube inhibition assay in C2C12 myoblasts. Thy1.2(+) early T cells were successfully generated from mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BMHSCs) using DLL4 functionalized beads using both insert-based and mixed stromal cell (OP9) coculture conditions, indicating that stem cell-stromal cell physical contact is not necessary for DLL4 directed T-cell differentiation. Coculture studies with bead-to-cell ratios of 1:1 generated higher T-cell differentiation efficiencies, compared to bead-to-cell ratios of 5:1. These data demonstrate the promising potential of this biomaterial-based notch signaling system to generate T cells from stem cells and to elucidate the molecular interactions in T-cell development.
National Burn Repository 2007 Report: A Synopsis of the 2007 Call for Data (2008)

The complete National Burn Repository (NBR) 2007 report was distributed entirely electronically for the first time at the 2008 annual meeting of the American Burn Association (ABA) and represents countless hours spent by ABA staff and members of the NBR committee. The 2007 call for data resulted in the registry now containing data on over 300,000 burn patients treated by contributing hospitals. As in the past, this year's report reflects a rolling 10-year average; 1998–2007; representing over 181,000 acute burn admissions. Although there are holes in the data and some fields are spottily populated, the NBR still represents the largest single collection of data on the care and management of burned patients available today. The goal of the committee is to improve and strengthen the validity of the data in every way possible. The ABA TRACSTM Users' committee finalized the new data dictionary to accompany version five (v5) of the N-TRACS® Burn Module. This will go a long way in refining the data in the NBR and lead to a fuller and more robust data set. The members of the NBR committee and ABA staff contributed time to meet regularly during the past year to support the activities of the committee including the ‘Glimmers,’ quality assurance of the NBR, and the annual report. Bart Phillips and Susan Browning of the American Burn Association have done yeoman's service to the ABA by keeping the committee focused to produce this report in a timely fashion.
Anodic Oxidation of GaAs Using Oxygen Plasma (1978)

Anodic oxidation of GaAs using oxygen plasma, produced by high-frequency (420kHz) electrodeless discharge in oxygen with the pressure of about 0.1–0.3 torr, has been carried out. A GaAs chip was located outside the plasma generating region in order to keep its temperature below 300°C. Positive voltage of 10–100 V with respect to the plasma was applied to the chip. The oxidation rate K is proportional to the dc current, and depends on the position and temperature of the chip, and on the oxygen pressure, but neither on the carrier concentration (1016–1018 cm-3) nor on the surface orientation. The oxidation rate is represented by K=4.2×10-4exp [q(-1.5+4.4×10-7Eox)/kT] (cm/s), where the electric field in the oxide Eox is in V/cm. The current efficiency is about 10–50%. The oxide is uniform and glassy, readily dissolved in acids and alkalis and slowly attacked by hot water. No change of oxide thickness by heat treatment is observed up to 500°C. The C-V characteristics of MOS capacitors show the injection-type hysteresis and frequency dispersion in the so-called accumulation region, especially those for n-type substrate.
EVALUATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF WEB CONTENT ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (2004)

Web content accessibility is to which degree a site is accessible to the largest possible range of people, especially for persons with disabilities. The current study comprises four interrelated parts revolving around evaluating and enhancing Web content accessibility.First, a novel measurement metrics called Web Accessibility Barriers (WAB) score is constructed based on published Web accessibility design guidelines. The performance of the measurement metrics is assessed using a Web accessibility gold standard. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve shows that WAB score separate inaccessible Web pages well from accessible ones with Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.917.Second, using the WAB score, I evaluate the degree of Web accessibility of consumer health information websites. Mean of WAB score of the 108 selected websites is 9.31 with standard deviation of 6.29. Among those websites, government and education websites have lower WAB score - 0.39 and 1.16 respectively. ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) test shows statistical significances across different functional categories of the websites (F=9.705, p < 0.001). In addition, this study shows that WAB score correlated with traffic rank of the websites with (r = 0.32, p < 0.01).Third, a usability study is conducted to examine the performance of a Web Transcoder Gateway (WTG) server for blind Web users to access online information. The WTG server removes Web accessibility barriers in real time based on Web accessibility design guidelines. The study design is a within-subject cross-over design. A mixed model analysis is employed to examine the effect of the WTG server on time, success, errors, and subjective measurement. Sixteen blind Web users took part in the study. Results show that participants spent less time, make few errors, and succeed more on the tasks via WTG server. Participants also feel more satisfactory, less frustrated, and more confident when access online information via WTG server. Observational and anecdotal findings imply that only removing accessibility barriers may not be sufficient to achieve the best usability for blind Web users.Finally, a usability study is conducted to examine the performance of a Web Transcoder Gateway (WTG) server for PDA users to access Web sites. The study design is also a within-subject cross-over design. A mixed model analysis is employed to examine the effect of WTG server on time, success, and subjective measurements. Twenty subjects took part in the study. Results show that participants spend less time on each task via WTG server. Each participant can finish the tasks successfully via either WTG server or non WTG server. This implies that the WTG server can serve as "Electronic Curb Cut" for Web users under constraints. However, the participants show no statistically significant preference to WTG server.
Changes in Metallicity and Electronic Structure Across the Surface Ferroelectric Transition of Ultrathin Crystalline Poly(vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene) Copolymers (1998)

The surface ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in crystalline copolymer films of vinylidene fluoride (70%) with trifluoroethylene (30%), at about 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, is accompanied by a dramatic change in both the electronic structure and metallicity. The temperature-dependent changes in the electronic structure occur primarily in the conduction band. This P(VDF-TrFE 70:30) material is observed to resemble an $n$-type semiconductor, and the change in electronic structure at the surface ferroelectric transition resembles a semiconductor-to-semimetal transition.
Phosphorylation of the transcriptional repressor MYB15 by mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is required for freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis (2017)

The expression of CBF (C-repeat-binding factor) genes is required for freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. CBFs are positively regulated by INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) and negatively regulated by MYB15. These transcription factors directly interact with specific elements in the CBF promoters. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades function upstream to regulate CBFs. However, the mechanism by which MPKs control CBF expression during cold stress signaling remains unknown. This study showed that the activity of MYB15, a transcriptional repressor of cold signaling, is regulated by MPK6-mediated phosphorylation. MYB15 specifically interacts with MPK6, and MPK6 phosphorylates MYB15 on Ser168. MPK6-induced phosphorylation reduced the affinity of MYB15 binding to the CBF3 promoter and mutation of its phosphorylation site (MYB15S168A) enhanced the transcriptional repression of CBF3 by MYB15. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing MYB15S168A showed significantly reduced CBF transcript levels in response to cold stress, compared with plants overexpressing MYB15. The MYB15S168A-overexpressing plants were also more sensitive to freezing than MYB15-overexpressing plants. These results suggest that MPK6-mediated regulation of MYB15 plays an important role in cold stress signaling in Arabidopsis.
Calculation of divergence and vertical motion from volume imaging lidar data (1995)

Boundary layer divergences are calculated from a sequence of images of the inhomogeneities in aerosol backscattering observed with volume imaging lidar. Two‐dimensional spatial cross correlations are calculated between successive horizontal plane images, 10 km×5 km, which are interpolated from the lidar returns. The image at the first time represents the actual aerosol pattern. An assumed divergence is included in the interpolation of the second image. The divergence is determined by calculating correlations for a matrix of assumed divergences and selecting that value which optimizes the correlation. The results from this process are consistent with predictions for divergence over the spatial scale measured, and the apparent resolution of the results agrees with the image resolution. A higher pulse‐rate volume imaging lidar system would allow for increased image resolution and increased image area, both of which should improve the resolution in the divergence measurements.
Oesophageal bacterial biofilm changes in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's and oesophageal carcinoma: association or causality? (2013)

This study defines differences in the oesophageal biofilm in disease states, revealing the emergence of C. concisus as the dominant new colonist in the refluxed oesophagus. We also associate the presence of these bacteria with increased expression of cytokines related to carcinogenesis.
Poly(glycoamidoamine)s: Cationic glycopolymers for DNA delivery (2006)

Abstract Polymer science is playing an exciting role in inspiring and advancing novel discoveries in the area of genetic drug delivery. Polymeric materials can be synthesized and chemically tailored to bind and compact nucleic acids into viral‐like nanoparticles termed polyplexes that can deliver genetic materials into cells. This article highlights our work in this area to synthesize and study a novel class of cationic glycopolymers that we have termed poly(glycoamidoamine)s (PGAAs). The design of these materials has been inspired by many previous works in the literature. Carbohydrate comonomers have been incorporated into these structures to lower the toxicity of the delivery vehicle, and oligoamine moieties have been added to yield a cationic backbone that facilitates strong DNA binding, compaction, cellular uptake, and delivery of genetic material. PGAAs have been designed to vary in the carbohydrate size, the hydroxyl number and stereochemistry, the amine number, and the presence or absence of heterocyclic groups. Through structure–bioactivity studies, we have discovered that these materials are highly biocompatible, and each specific feature plays a large role in the observed delivery efficacy. Such structure–property studies are important for increasing our understanding of how the polymer chemistry affects the biological activity for the clinical development of polymer‐based therapeutics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6895–6908, 2006
Truncated gp120 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 elicits a broadly reactive neutralizing immune response (2002)

Removal of the V1-V3 loops from IIIB gp120 results in a protein, PR12, with altered immunogenicity compared to the full-length protein. Polyclonal immune sera raised in rats using PR12 as immunogen recognizes envelope glycoproteins of clades A, B, C, E, F and G and can neutralize chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) HXB2 viruses expressing envelopes from primary HIV-1 clades B, C, E and F. These data suggest that the immune response to PR12 is directed toward conserved epitopes expressed by viral glycoproteins of diverse genotypes. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived from PR12-immunized rats were unable to neutralize virus infectivity; hence the epitopes responsible for the induction of this cross-clade neutralizing activity remain to be elucidated. However, PR12 immune sera were able to compete with the human neutralizing mAb 2G12 for gp120 binding, implying that this epitope may be immunogenic when expressed in the context of this truncated protein.
Reduction of organic compounds with the hydroxyborohydride ion (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of organic compounds with the hydroxyborohydride ionJanice W. Reed and William L. JollyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 24, 3963–3965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00444a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00444a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Creep, hysteresis, and vibration compensation for piezoactuators: atomic force microscopy application (2000)

This article studies ultrahigh-precision positioning with piezoactuators in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) applications. Loss of positioning precision in piezoactuators occurs: 1) due to hysteresis during long range applications; 2) due to creep effects when positioning is needed over extended periods of time; and 3) due to induced vibrations during high-speed positioning. This loss in precision restricts the use of piezoactuators in high-speed positioning applications like SPM-based nanofabrication, and ultra-high-precision optical systems. An integrated inversion-based approach is presented to compensate for all three adverse affects-creep, hysteresis and vibrations. The method is applied to an atomic force microscope, and experimental results are presented that demonstrate substantial improvements in positioning precision and operating speed.