gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colonization resistance against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in gnotobiotic mice (1986)

Gnotobiotic (GB) mice were colonized with various groups of intestinal bacteria to determine which members of the indigenous flora would exert colonization resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was cultured from the faeces at levels of 10(3)-10(4) cells/g in GB mice inoculated with either the combination of bacteroides and clostridia obtained from conventional (CV) mice or the combination of bacteroides, lactobacilli and clostridia obtained from limited flora mice. The combination of lactobacilli and clostridia from CV mice also did not eliminate P. aeruginosa from GB mice. However, P. aeruginosa was not detected in the faeces of GB mice by 14 days after inoculation with the combination of bacteroides, lactobacilli and clostridia obtained from CV mice. Thus, a complex indigenous flora consisting of bacteroides, lactobacilli and certain clostridia obtained from CV mice but not clostridia obtained from limited flora mice is required to exert complete colonization resistance against P. aeruginosa in GB mice.
A bolometer detector for the measurement of shock velocity in low density gases (1957)

In applying the shock tube as a device for the study of chemical kinetics it is necessary to measure the velocity of the shock wave so that the energy input is characterized by the shock strength. A suitable detector of a shock wave, used to determine shock velocities, should have adequate sensitivity in order to detect weak shocks in low density gases and also have a high speed of response to reduce timing errors to a minimum. It should also be robust and resistant to corrosive substances and be able to be placed in the shock tube so that the shock front is not disturbed in passing it. This note describes such a detector.
Signals in the pancreatic islet microenvironment influence β‐cell proliferation (2017)

The progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a primary factor driving efforts to identify strategies for effectively increasing, enhancing or restoring β-cell mass. While factors that seem to influence β-cell proliferation in specific contexts have been described, reliable stimulation of human β-cell proliferation has remained a challenge. Importantly, β-cells exist in the context of a complex, integrated pancreatic islet microenvironment where they interact with other endocrine cells, vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, neuronal projections and islet macrophages. This review highlights different components of the pancreatic microenvironment, and reviews what is known about how signaling that occurs between β-cells and these other components influences β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to further define the role of the pancreatic islet microenvironment on β-cell proliferation may lead to the development of successful approaches to increase or restore β-cell mass in diabetes.
Sorghum improvement and the genetics of growth (1974)

Sorghum is though to have been domesticated in Africa by a Cushite
people who migrated into Ethiopia from the Middle East....
Brillouin OTDR employing optical frequency shifter using side-band generation technique with high-speed LN phase-modulator (1996)

In order to measure spontaneous Brillouin backscattered lights, which are related to fiber-distributed tensile strain and temperature, by using a highly sensitive self-heterodyne coherent detection technique, a wideband optical frequency shifter is required to reduce the beat signal frequency between the Brillouin backscattered signal and the LO light to the IF bandwidth of the conventional coherent receiver. We constructed a highly stable optical frequency shifter with a 14 GHz bandwidth and 20 kHz frequency resolution which employs side-band light generated by a high-speed LN phase-modulator. The structure is simple and the insertion loss is low. We applied this shifter to B-OTDR and measured the distributed tensile strain in a 30-km dispersion-shifted optical fiber with a 100-m spatial resolution.
Blood Transfusion Increases the Risk of Infection After Trauma (1993)

To determine whether blood transfusion influences infection after trauma, we analyzed data on 5366 consecutive patients hospitalized for more than 2 days at eight hospitals over a 2-year period. The incidence of infection was significantly related to the mechanism of injury: penetrating injuries, 8.9%; blunt injuries, 12.9%; and low falls, 21.4%. Stepwise logistic regression analyses of infection using the variables age, sex, respiration rate in the emergency department, Glasgow Coma Scale in the emergency department, Injury Severity Score, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg on admission to the emergency department), and log of total amount of blood transfused during hospitalization showed that amount of blood received and Injury Severity Score were the only two variables that were significant predictors of infection across groups. Even when patients were stratified by Injury Severity Score, the infection rate increased significantly with increases in numbers of units of blood. Blood transfusion in the injured patients is an important independent statistical predictor of infection. Its contribution cannot be attributed to age, sex, or the underlying mechanism of severity of injury.
Efficient optical waveguide switch/amplitude modulator (1978)

An electro-optical, directional coupler switch is demonstrated that requires only a 3-V drive. Used as an amplitude modulator, the device operates at data rates in excess of 100 Mbit/sec (return-to-zero format) and has an extinction ratio of 13 dB and a 1-mW/Mbit/sec figure of merit.
How Eudora Welty Speaks to Us Through Her Use of Names in Delta Wedding (1983)

SUNY Brockport
A General Framework for Adaptive Anomaly Detection with Evolving Connectionist Systems (2004)

Anomaly detection techniques hold great potential for combating novel intrusions, malicious insiders and fast spreading worms. A widely acknowledged challenge in anomaly detection is how to accurately model a subject's normal behavior in the presence of concept drift. This paper presents a new adaptive anomaly detection framework that aims to adapt to normal behavior changes while still recognizing anomalies. Evolving connectionist systems are employed to learn a subject's behavior in an online, adaptive fashion without a priori knowledge of the underlying data distributions.
Topical delivery of retinol emulsions co-stabilised by PEO-PCL-PEO triblock copolymers: effect of PCL block length (2012)

This article describes enhanced skin permeation and UV/thermal stability of retinol emulsions by the co-stabilisation of Tween20 and biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PCL-PEO) triblock copolymers having different lengths of hydrophobic PCL block. A triblock copolymer with a longer PCL block has a lower hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value. Commercial Retinol 50C® (BASF Co., Ludwigshafen, Germany) was used as the source of retinol. Ultrasonication of the Retinol 50C® emulsion with the triblock copolymers led to an increase in retinol solubilisation and a decrease in average particle size of the resulting retinol emulsion. These characteristics improved skin permeation of retinol through the stratum corneum of artificial skin and subsequent proliferation of viable epidermis cell. Employment of the triblock copolymer with a longer PCL block increased both UV and thermal stabilization of the retinol. These results suggest that HLB and PCL block length are important factors to enhance the topical delivery of retinol into the skin.
<scp>AtM</scp>yb7, a subgroup 4 <scp>R</scp>2<scp>R</scp>3 <scp>M</scp>yb, negatively regulates <scp>ABA</scp>‐induced inhibition of seed germination by blocking the expression of the <scp>bZIP</scp> transcription factor <scp>ABI</scp>5 (2014)

Various Myb proteins have been shown to play crucial roles in plants, including primary and secondary metabolism, determination of cell fate and identity, regulation of development and involvement in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The 126 R2R3 Myb proteins (with two Myb repeats) have been found in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of most of these proteins remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we characterized the function of AtMyb7 using molecular biological and genetic analyses. We used qRT-PCR to determine the levels of stress-response gene transcripts in wild-type and atmyb7 plants. We showed that Arabidopsis AtMyb7 plays a critical role in seed germination. Under abscisic acid (ABA) and high-salt stress conditions, atmyb7 plants showed a lower germination rate than did wild-type plants. Furthermore, AtMyb7 promoter:GUS seeds exhibited different expression patterns in response to variations in the seed imbibition period. AtMyb7 negatively controls the expression of the gene encoding bZIP transcription factor, ABI5, which is a key transcription factor in ABA signalling and serves as a crucial regulator of germination inhibition in Arabidopsis.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in affluent adolescent girls in Surat city, western India - (2012)

Background: Incidence of obesity is increasing day by day because of various factors. It is important to assess the trend of obesity in particular geographical area.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight in affluent schoolgirls aged 13 to 15 years in Surat, India.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2009 to April 2010. From a list of all private schools in Surat, with tuition fees more than Rs. 2,000 per monyh, two schools were selected randomly using a random table. Height and weight was measured and BMI was calculated. Overweight and obesity was assessed by BMI for age. Student who had BMI for age>85th and 95th percentile of reference population were classified as obese (IAP Growth Monitoring Guidelines for Children from Birth to 18 Year).
Results: Prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst the study subjects was 6.6% and 13.5% respectively.
Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolgirls in Surat, India.
A concurrent program debugging environment using real-time replay (2002)

A common debugging strategy involves re-execution of a program (on a given input) over and over, each time gaining more information about bugs. Such techniques can fail in concurrent programs. Because of variations in message latencies and process scheduling, different runs on the given input may produce different results. This non-repeatability rules out the reproduction of errors which is the cornerstone of conventional debugging techniques. So, guaranteeing reproducibility is major issue in the concurrent program debugging. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a concurrent program debugging environment which replays the error-occurred execution and debugs the errors using a recorded event history file and input data.
XONTO: An Ontology-Based System for Semantic Information Extraction from PDF Documents (2008)

Information extraction is of paramount importance in several real world applications in the areas of business intelligence, competitive and military intelligence. Although several sophisticated and indeed complex approaches were proposed, they are still limited in many aspects. In this paper the novel ontology-based system named XONTO, that allows the semantic extraction of information from PDF unstructured documents, is presented. The XONTO system is founded on the idea of self-describing ontologies in which objects and classes can be equipped by a set of rules named descriptors. These rules represent patterns that allow to automatically recognize and extract ontology objects contained in PDF documents also when information is arranged in tabular form. This way a self-describing ontology expresses the semantic of the information to extract and the rules that, in turn, populate itself. In the paper XONTO system behaviors and structure are sketched by means of a running example.
<title>Toward real-time dynamic close-range photogrammetry</title> (1993)

The goal of the Active Stereo Probe (ASP) project is the on-line recovery of 3D surfaces from stereo images captured using a dynamic binocular robot vision system. In this paper, we present results of 3D surface recovery using scale-space automatic stereo-matching. These results have been considerably enhanced by bathing the scene in textured light provided by the ASP active illumination source. We also describe a two stage approach that incorporates photogrammetric techniques into the ASP system to maintain calibration during dynamic system operation. Direct Linear Transform based calibration provides an initial static calibration. Thereafter, dynamic calibration is maintained by exploiting high resolution encoders to track the systems external orientation parameters and thereby constrain the search space of subsequent bundle adjustment. We expect this strategy to achieve the speed and accuracy required to satisfy many on-line 3D surface recovery applications.
Activation of RNase L by 2′,5′-Oligoadenylates (1997)

Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an endoribonuclease that is activated upon binding of adenosine oligomers linked 2' to 5' to cleave viral and cellular RNAs. We recently proposed a model for activation in which activator A binds to monomer, E, to form EA, which subsequently dimerizes to the active form, E2A2 (Cole, J. L., Carroll, S. S., and Kuo, L. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3978-3981). Here, we have employed this model to define the equilibrium constants for activator binding (Ka) and dimerization of EA to E2A2 (Kd) by equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation and fluorescence measurements. Multi-wavelength sedimentation data were globally fit to the model above, yielding values of Ka = 1.69 microM and Kd = 17. 8 nM for 2',5'-linked adenosine trimer. Fluorescent conjugates of 2',5'-linked adenosine trimer with 7-hydroxycoumarin have been prepared. The coumarin emission anisotropy shows a large increases upon binding to RNase L. Analysis of anisotropy titrations yields values of Ka and Kd close to those obtained by sedimentation. The sedimentation parameters for unmodified 2',5'-linked adenosine trimer also agree with those obtained by enzyme kinetic methods (Carroll, S. S., Cole, J. L., Viscount, T., Geib, J., Gehman, J., and Kuo, L. C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19193-19198). Thus, the data presented here clearly define the energetics of RNase L activation and support the minimal activation model.
Absolute Intensities of the Discrete and Continuous Absorption Bands of Oxygen Gas at 1.26 and 1.065 μ and the Radiative Lifetime of the 1Δ<i>g</i> State of Oxygen (1965)

Laboratory measurements have been made of the absolute intensities of the discrete-line absorption band at 1.26 μ, and of the continuous bands at 1.26 and 1.065 μ in oxygen gas at pressures up to 4.3 atm. It has been shown that discrete and continuous absorptions are quite independent features, the one being a measure of the intrinsic transition probability in isolated molecules, the other of its enhancement in collision complexes. In the former the lines show significant pressure broadening, but the integral molecular absorption coefficients are constant; in the latter they are proportional to pressure and continuous absorption dominates in the 1.26-μ region at about ½ atm oxygen pressure. The radiative half-life of isolated 1Δg oxygen molecules is estimated to be 45 min, and the effect of gas pressure on the rate of decay has been predicted.
The Pharmacokinetics of Colistin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2001)

The safety and pharmacokinetics of colistin were determined after first dose (n = 30) and again under steady-state conditions (n = 27) in 31 patients with cystic fibrosis receiving the drug as a component of their treatment for an acute pulmonary exacerbation of their disease. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 53 years and received colistin for 6 to 35 days. Each patient was started on colistin 5 to 7 mg/kg/day administered intravenously in three equally divided doses. Elimination half-life (t1/2), mean residence time (MRT), steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), total body clearance (Cl), and renal clearance (Clr) after first-dose administration averaged 3.4 hours, 4.4 hours, 0.09 l/kg, and 0.35 and 0.24 ml/min/kg, respectively. No differences in colistin disposition characteristics between first-dose and steady-state evaluations were observed. Sputum sampling was incomplete and confounded by previous aerosol administration but revealed colistin concentrations that markedly exceeded observed plasma concentrations. Twenty-one patients experienced one or more side effects attributed to colistin administration. The most common reactions involved reversible neurologic manifestations, including oral and perioral paresthesias (n = 16), headache (n = 5), and lower limb weakness (n = 5). All of these apparent colistin-induced neurologic adverse effects, though bothersome, were benign and reversible. Intermittent proteinuria was observed on urinalysis in 14 patients, and 1 patient developed reversible, colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. No relationship between the occurrence of any colistin-associated adverse effect and plasma colistin concentration or colistin pharmacokinetic parameter estimate was observed. These data provide no basis for routine monitoring of colistin plasma concentrations to guide dosing for patient safety and suggest slow upward dose titration to minimize the incidence and severity of associated side effects.
High-resolution liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulator with a thin crystalline silicon photosubstrate structure (1996)

We report an optically addressed, liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulator demonstrating a resolution of 25 line pairs/mm at 50% modulation transfer function and more than 40-line-pair/mm limiting resolution by using a 25-μm-thick silicon Schottky diode-array photosubstrate. This resolution is obtained concurrent with a high photosensitivity of approximately 20 μW/cm(2) and a contrast ratio of over 200:1. The high resolution and photosensitivity obtained with the thin photosubstrate are explained by a fringing field and an equivalent-circuit model, respectively.
A remarkably effective catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in water and air (2005)

A Rh(III) complex generated in situ from [Cp*RhCl2]2 and (1R,2R)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (TsCYDN) serves as a remarkably effective, robust catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones by HCOONa in water in air, affording alcohols in up to 99% ee.
Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody to T-Antigen: (Galβl—3GalNAc-α-O) (1998)

The saccharide antigen, Gal beta1-3GalNAc or T antigen, is of biologic importance in many systems. It is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, a temporally expressed antigen in germinal center B cells and cortical T cells, a parasite-associated antigen, a spermatozoa vitality marker and an antigen on aged red blood cells. It may play a role in normal cellular adhesion and in tumor cell metastasis. Well characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to Gal beta1-3GalNAc will be useful for further studies in these areas. We developed an IgG3 MAb to Gal beta1-3GalNAc by immunizing the mice with a synthetic Gal beta1-3GalNAc-BSA conjugate. The MAb was analyzed using inhibition enzyme immunoassays with related synthetically prepared sugars to determine the restrictions involved in the antibody binding. Use of synthetic sugars as competitors enabled us to delineate the epitope restrictions on the binding activity of this monoclonal and will enable use of this MAb in studies concerning the biologic importance of this disaccharide.
Adaptive microphone array system for noise reduction (AMNOR) and its performance studies (2003)

The author describes the principle and performance of AMNOR, which consists of a compact microphone array and signal processing techniques that include an adaptive filter. It achieves high-SNR (signal-to-noise) sound reception, which is essential in areas such as teleconference systems and speech-recognition systems. The basic distinction of AMNOR compared to previous designs is that it realizes higher SNR by accepting some degree of degradation of a desired speech signal. A noise power minimization problem under second-order constraints is solved in the AMNOR system using an adaptive filter. An experiment conducted in an ordinary room showed that AMNOR realized a 21-dB SNR improvement, while a conventional directional microphone attained a 3-dB SNR improvement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Eradication of ovine footrot by repeated daily footbathing in a solution of zinc sulphate with surfactant (2001)

Repeated daily footbathing combined with prolonged exposure to a dry environment eradicated footrot in sheep with both interdigital and underrunning lesions in feet that were not pared prior to treatment.
Stimuli-responsive polymers (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Dendritic Chelating Agents. 2. U(VI) Binding to Poly(amidoamine) and Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers in Aqueous Solutions (2008)

Chelating agents are widely employed in many separation processes used to recover uranyl [U(VI)] from contaminated aqueous solutions. This article describes an experimental investigation of the binding of U(VI) to poly(amidoamine) [PAMAM] and poly(propyleneimine) [PPI] dendrimers in aqueous solutions. We combine fluorescence spectroscopy with bench scale ultrafiltration experiments to measure the extent of binding and fractional binding of U(VI) in aqueous solutions of these dendrimers as a function of (i) metal-ion dendrimer loading, (ii) dendrimer generation, (iii) dendrimer core and terminal group chemistry, and (iv) solution pH and competing ligands (NO3-, PO4(3-), CO3(2-), and Cl-). The overall results of this study suggest that uranyl binding to PAMAM and PPI dendrimers in aqueous solutions involves the coordination of the UO2(2+) ions with the dendrimer amine, amide, and carboxylic groups. We find significant binding of U(VI) to PAMAM dendrimers in (i) acidic solutions containing up to 1.0 M HNO3 and H3PO4 and (ii) in basic solutions containing up to 0.5 M Na2CO3. However, no binding of U(VI) by PAMAM dendrimers is observed in aqueous solutions containing 1.0 M NaCl at pH 3.0. These results strongly suggest that PAMAM and PPI dendrimers can serve as high capacity and selective chelating ligands for U(VI) in aqueous solutions.
Taurine increases hippocampal neurogenesis in aging mice (2015)

Aging is associated with increased inflammation and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, which may in turn contribute to cognitive impairment. Taurine is a free amino acid found in numerous diets, with anti-inflammatory properties. Although abundant in the young brain, the decrease in taurine concentration with age may underlie reduced neurogenesis. Here, we assessed the effect of taurine on hippocampal neurogenesis in middle-aged mice. We found that taurine increased cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus through the activation of quiescent stem cells, resulting in increased number of stem cells and intermediate neural progenitors. Taurine had a direct effect on stem/progenitor cells proliferation, as observed in vitro, and also reduced activated microglia. Furthermore, taurine increased the survival of newborn neurons, resulting in a net increase in adult neurogenesis. Together, these results show that taurine increases several steps of adult neurogenesis and support a beneficial role of taurine on hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of brain aging.