gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and in Vivo Antileishmanial and Trypanocidal Studies of New <i>N</i>-Benzene- and <i>N</i>-Naphthalenesulfonamide Derivatives (2013)

We report in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial and trypanocidal activities of a new series of N-substituted benzene and naphthalenesulfonamides 1-15. Compounds 1-15 were screened in vitro against Leishmania infantum , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania amazonensis , and Trypanosoma cruzi . Sulfonamides 6e, 10b, and 10d displayed remarkable activity and selectivity toward T. cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes. 6e showed significant trypanocidal activity on parasitemia in a murine model of acute Chagas disease. Moreover, 6e, 8c, 9c, 12c, and 14d displayed interesting IC50 values against Leishmania spp promastigotes as well as L. amazonensis and L. infantum amastigotes. 9c showed excellent in vivo activity (up to 97% inhibition of the parasite growth) in a short-term treatment murine model for acute infection by L. infantum. In addition, the effect of compounds 9c and 14d on tubulin as potential target was assessed by confocal microscopy analysis applied to L. infantum promastigotes.
High-speed polysilicon emitter—base bipolar transistor (1986)

High-speed polysilicon emitter and base electrode Si n-p-n bipolar devices were fabricated showing performances of 55-ps ECL gate delay (FI = FO = 1) and cutoff frequency of 15.6 GHz (at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</inf> = 3 V, LV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> = 6.8 V). These devices were built on an oxide-isolated substrate produced by planarizing oxide which is deposited after device Si island etching. The final emitter width is 0.5 µm, and a 1.3-µm-thick arsenic-doped LPCVD epitaxial layer of 0.25 Ω.cm is utilized. Emitter-base (E-B) junctions formed by direct implantations of arsenic and boron ions into a substrate were compared with junctions induced by diffusing dopants from implanted polysilicon. In the case of diffused junctions, an emitter junction depth of less than 500 Å along with a 1000-Å base width can be obtained.
Convergence of Regulatory Networks on the Pilus Locus of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2008)

The rlrA pilus locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae is an example of a pathogenicity island acquired through genetic recombination. Many acquired genetic elements commandeer preexisting networks of the new organism for transcriptional regulation. We hypothesized that the rlrA locus has integrated into transcriptional regulatory networks controlling expression of virulence factors important in adhesion and invasion. To test this hypothesis, we determined the impact on pilus expression of known regulators controlling adherence, including the two-component systems CbpR/S and HK/RR03 and the transcriptional regulators of divalent cation transporters MerR and PsaR in vitro and in vivo. It was determined that the pilus locus is down-regulated by preexisting networks designed for adhesion and cation transport/response and that its regulation occurs through RlrA. The pilus locus was found to participate in invasion specifically restricted to lung epithelial cells in vitro. While expression of pili had only a small effect on virulence with an intranasal infection model, pili were critically important with an intratracheal infection model. Thus, expression of pili appears to have become integrated into the regulatory circuits for lung-specific invasion by pneumococci.
LOXL2—A New Target in Antifibrogenic Therapy? (2019)

The concept of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis being static and therefore irreversible is outdated. Indeed, both human and animal studies have shown that fibrogenesis is a dynamic and potentially reversible process that can be modulated either by stopping its progression and/or by promoting its resolution. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is critical for the development of future antifibrotic therapies. The fibrogenesis process, common to all forms of liver injury, is characterized by the increased deposition of extracellular matrix components (EMCs), including collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins (laminin and fibronectin 2). These changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix components alter their interaction with cell adhesion molecules, influencing the modulation of cell functions (growth, migration, and gene expression). Hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) are the key fibrogenic effectors. The antifibrogenic mechanism starts with the activation of Ly6C<sup>high</sup> macrophages, which can differentiate into macrophages with antifibrogenic action. The research of biochemical changes affecting fibrosis irreversibility has identified lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), an enzyme that promotes the network of collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix. LOXL2 inhibition can decrease cell numbers, proliferation, colony formations, and cell growth, and it can induce cell cycle arrest and increase apoptosis. The development of a new humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against LOXL2 could open the window of a new antifibrogenic treatment. The current therapeutic target in patients with liver cirrhosis should focus (after the eradication of the causal agent) on the development of new antifibrogenic drugs. The development of these drugs must meet three premises: Patient safety, in non-cirrhotic phases, down-staging or at least stabilization and slowing the progression to cirrhosis must be achieved; whereas in the cirrhotic stage, the objective should be to reduce fibrosis and portal pressure.
Air Photo Analysis, Photo Interpretation Logic, and Feature Extraction, (1984)

In general, image analysis and interpretation techniques tend to fall into one of two broad overlapping categories, which, at the extremes, canbe defined as procedures associated with detecting, "targeting, and monitoring on the one hand, and procedures associated with deductive and inductive reasoning on.the other.At present, applying machine and machine-assisted procedures tends to be limited to the tasks of detecting and monitoring.Targeting, detecting, and monitoring techniques requtie that the feature, whatever it is, have some characteristic that is different from its background and that, hopefully, cannot be confused with any other object in the field of view.These differences can be based on such things as shape, size, arrangement, color, spectral absorption and reflection, temperature, etc. Applications that fall into this category include: (1) detecting discrete objects such as roads, airports, dams, vehicles, specific crops, number of lakes per area, etc.; (2) detecting changes in patterns; (3) detecting and mapping flood boundaries, flood and storm damage, insect damage, diseased crops, alteration zones, and camouflage sites; and (4) estimating values such as crop yield, percent of tree cover, etc.For some of these applications, other remote sensors (radar, thermal, LANDSAT) can be of more use than air photos.As a group, however, it is these applications that have provided the basis for whatever success has been achieved by machine techniques, and of these, those that are based on distinguishing colors and color changes (spectral signatures, multiband, etc.) have had more successes with machine and machine-assisted procedures than have those that rely on identifying shape and arrangement.Because future systems will have more spectral channels and narrower bandpasses, there will be an increase in the ability to discriminate various objects and surfaces.It remains to be determined, however, if there will be a corresponding increase in the ability to identify these various objects and surfaces.
Preliminary clinical experience with a thermal balloon endometrial ablation method to treat menorrhagia (1995)

Based on follow-up results, the frequency of successful reduction of bleeding and/or amenorrhea in this small series is comparable to hysteroscopic methods of endometrial ablation. There were no complications. A larger trial is warranted to compare this method to hysteroscopic endometrial ablation.
Marius And <i>Fortuna</i> (1973)

In his treatment of Marius in the Bellum Jugurthinum Sallust lays considerable stress on fortune2 and Marius' belief in divine assistance. I shall offer an analysis of these concepts in two sections: (I) their use by Sallust himself in relation to Marius; (2) their use in the earlier tradition about Marius. I. Though he is frequently mentioned in the earlier chapters of the B.J., our first formal introduction to Marius is in chapter 63. This chapter is of crucial importance. For it is the response given by the haruspex to Marius when he chances ( forte ) to be making a sacrifice at Utica that prompts him to ask for leave to go and stand for the consulship, an office for which he has an ingens cupido. Because of the aristocratic superbia of his commander Metellus he is ‘snubbed’ by him and thenceforth ‘cupidine atque ira grassari; neque facto ullo neque dicto abstinere quod modo ambitiosum foret' (64. 5).
IDENTIFICATION OF CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN IN <i>APHANIZOMENON OVALISPORUM</i> (CYANOPHYCEAE) ISOLATED FROM LAKE KINNERET, ISRAEL<sup>1</sup> (1997)

ABSTRACT Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti) was identified and isolated from Lake Kinneret upon its first appearance as a dominant bloom in late 1994. This cyanobacterial species, not previously known to be toxic, was evaluated by a commonly used mouse bioassay and was demonstrated to induce toxic symptoms that were distinguishable from the typical symptoms of the neurotoxins previously reported in Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae (L.) Ralfs. Mice died 5–24 h after crude extracts were injected intraperitoneally, and the LD 50 value was estimated as 465 mg dry wt biomass · kg −1 mouse. A toxicity‐guided fractionation of the active extract indicated that the potent substance is polar an nature. The structure of the active compound was determined by its mass spectrometry and NMR data. The compound was found to be the sulfate‐guanidinium zwitterion, cylindrospermopsin, previously isolated from the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) and recently also reported in Umezakia natans (Watanabe). This is the first time that Aphanizomenon ovalisporum has been reported to contain a toxic compound.
Roughness-induced non-wetting (2007)

In the original article the author has remarked a minor mistake on page 169, which changes the result displayed in eq. (6), but does not affect any of the conclusions of the paper. In line 13, the exponent n is to be changed to n/2. Consequently, in all following expressions ln b is to be multiplied by 2 wherever it appears. Equation (6) thus reads
Drug and Vehicle Deposition from Topical Applications: Localization of Minoxidil within Skin Strata of the Hairless Mouse (1994)

The cutaneous bioavailability of topical 2% minoxidil solution was verified in live hairless mice. Minoxidil and propylene glycol deposition on the skin surface, epidermis and dermis from the single-dose in vivo study were compared with the results from previous in vitro studies. A distinct difference is apparent in the epidermis where the in vitro values are 11-22 times higher than the in vivo values for minoxidil and 8-16 times higher for propylene glycol. The differences were not as great in the dermis. Percutaneous absorption of the drug appeared to be a very small fraction of the applied dose. Similarly shaped stratum corneum and plasma concentration profiles and the relatively constant dermal profiles of minoxidil and propylene glycol open the possibility of transappendageal routes being involved in percutaneous absorption. The greater amount of drug and vehicle found in the dermis from in vitro studies can be explained by the absence of dermal clearance. The overestimation in the amount of drug found in the epidermis in vitro may also be attributable to poor dermal clearance. On the whole, the study raises questions about the use of in vitro tissue dispositions for bioavailability assessment and bioequivalence demonstration.
Low power parallel Huffman decoding (1998)

A low power design technique for a parallel Huffman decoder is presented. According to the length of the incoming Huffman codeword, the proposed strategy makes the barrel shifter in the parallel Huffman decoder turn off the unnecessary shifting bits to reduce power dissipation. The result of a SPICE simulation indicates that up to 50 percent power reduction in the barrel shifter may be achieved with the proposed technique.
Modulation level selection algorithm in software-based wireless multimedia communications system (2002)

This paper discusses a modulation level selection method in software-based wireless multimedia communications system which employs adaptive modulation scheme. We propose a modulation level selection algorithm taking account of QoS (quality of service) for each service, and evaluate the performance by computer simulation. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm, which can reduce not only the number of required time slots but also the interference power for other users, improves the average delay performance as compared with the conventional one which only attempts to select higher modulation level with higher priority and to reduce only the number of required time slots.
Development and evaluation of a method of calibrating medical displays based on fixed adaptation (2015)

An observer study using clinically relevant displays and luminance settings has demonstrated that the calibration of displays according to the GSDF causes the perceived contrast to be unevenly distributed when using displays with a high luminance range. As the luminance range increases, the perceived contrast in the dark and bright regions will be significantly lower than the perceived contrast in the middle of the luminance range. A new calibration method that includes the effect of fixed adaptation was developed and evaluated in an observer study and was found to distribute the contrast of the display more evenly throughout the grayscale than the GSDF.
A Parallel LSTM-Based Missing Body Feature Point Completion in Video Frames (2019)

The ability to guess the posture of a body is an essential process for activity recognition. OpenPose, a deep learning-based model, detects body feature points that form the posture of a subject from moving images.OpenPose is often used for action recognition. However, there are cases where the feature points cannot be detected due to image blurring or a part of the human body being shielded, for example. Conventional interpolation methods estimate missing values, but the estimation accuracy of these methods is not high when a particular feature point is missing in a large number of consecutive frames. We propose a deep learning-based point estimation model that performs data completion of missing body feature points, which cannot be captured by OpenPose. The model is constructed based on Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) that takes consecutive frames in a video. In order to improve estimation accuracy, we revised the model by considering the following two extensions, namely, the division of body parts and the use of relative coordinates. Experimental results show that the proposed model successfully completes body feature points within an error of 8.15 pixels, which is three times better than the conventional interpolation methods and five times better than a LSTM without the proposed extensions.
Mechanisms of HFE-induced regulation of iron homeostasis: Insights from the W81A HFE mutation (2003)

The mechanisms by which the hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, decreases transferrin-mediated iron uptake were examined. Coimmunoprecipitation studies using solubilized cell extracts demonstrated that transferrin (Tf) competed with HFE for binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR) similar to previous in vitro studies using soluble truncated forms of HFE and the TfR. At concentrations of Tf approaching those found in the blood, no differences in Tf binding to cells were detected, which is consistent with the lower binding constant of HFE for TfR versus Tf. However, cells expressing HFE still showed a decrease in Tf-mediated iron uptake at concentrations of Tf sufficient to dissociate HFE from the TfR. These results indicate that the association of HFE with TfR is not essential for its ability to lower intracellular iron stores. To test the effect of HFE on lowering intracellular iron levels independently of its association with TfR, a mutated HFE (fW81AHFE) that shows greatly reduced affinity for the TfR was transfected into tetracycline-controlled transactivator HeLa cells. HeLa cells expressing fW81AHFE behaved in a similar manner to cells expressing wild-type HFE with respect to decreased intracellular iron levels measured by iron regulatory protein gel-shift assays and ferritin levels. The results indicate that HFE can lower intracellular iron levels independently of its interaction with the TfR.
Fields of Desire (2014)

In this important new book, High argues that poverty reduction policies are formulated and implemented in fields of desire. Drawing on psychoanalytic understandings of desire, she shows that such programs circulate around the question of what is lacking. Far from rational responses to measures of need, then, the politics of poverty are unconscious, culturally expressed, mutually contradictory, and sometimes contrary to self-interest. Based on long-term fieldwork in a Lao village that has been the subject of multiple poverty reduction and development programs, High’s account looks at implementation on the ground. While these efforts were laudable in their aims of reducing poverty, they often failed to achieve their objectives. Local people received them with suspicion and disillusionment. Nevertheless, poverty reduction policies continued to be renewed by planners and even desired locally. High relates this to the force of aspirations among rural Lao, ambivalent understandings of power and the “post-rebellious” moment in contemporary Laos.
Human Factor<scp>VIII</scp> (2011)

Abstract Factor VIII is a critical blood clotting factor, which forms a complex with the serine protease factor IXa upon activation to convert factor X to factor Xa, which in turn activates thrombin. Deficiency or dysfunction of the protein leads to hemophilia A, a common X‐linked disorder. Structures of two different constructs of factor VIII have been determined by X‐ray crystallography at intermediate resolutions. Both structures show that the protein is composed of five globular domains and contains binding sites for calcium and copper ions, which are important in the regulation of factor VIII structure and activity. The three A domains, each consists of two β‐barrel structures that resemble the cupredoxin fold, are structurally homologous with one other. The two homologous C domains are defined by a distorted β‐barrel and reveal membrane‐binding features. Comparison of the two crystal structures has revealed structural differences between the two constructs and provides new perspectives for understanding the activation of factor VIII and the role of metal ions in the regulation of factor VIII activity.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Substituted 2-Phenylethylamines by Lithiation−Substitution Sequences:  Synthetic Development and Mechanistic Pathway (2002)

The lithiation and asymmetric substitution of N-(2-phenylethyl)isobutyramide (2) with selected electrophiles, under the influence of (-)-sparteine, provides benzylically substituted products in 58-90% yields with enantiomeric ratios (ers) from 72:28 to 91:9. Syntheses of enantioenriched dihydroisoquinolines (S)-18 and (S)-19 and a tetrahydroisoquinoline (4S)-20 provide examples of synthetic applications. Mechanistic investigations suggest the enantiodetermining step at -78 degrees C is a dynamic thermodynamic resolution.
Fluorescence in lithium neodymium ultraphosphate single crystals (1974)

Single crystals of lithium neodymium ultraphosphate (probably LiNdP4O12) were grown by the Kyropoulos method from a melt. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system with space group Imma (D2h28), and the Nd content is 4.37×1021 cm−3. Fluorescence and optical absorption were examined. The lifetime of 4F3/2 levels was measured to be 120±10 μs. The effective emission cross section at the line peak (1.047 μ) was found to be (9.0±0.4)×10−19 cm2, which is very close to that of Nd:YAG.
Oligosaccharide Content of 20 Varieties of Cowpeas in Nigeria (1983)

ABSTRACT Mature dry seeds of 20 varieties of cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata ) grown in Nigeria were analyzed for their sucrose, raffinose and stachyose content. The dry seeds were ground into powder, extracted with 80% ethanolandthe extract analyzed by paper chromatography using a mixture of n‐butanol, ethanol, water and ammonia solution 8:1:2:1 v/v). The results show a progressive decrease in raffinose and stachyose content with dehulling and cooking and an increase in sucrose level after cooking. The average content of the sugars in whole beans on dry weight basis was sucrose 0.8%, raffinose 2.6% and stachyose 3.3%. The average content for dehulled raw beans were sucrose 0.7%, raffinose 1.8% and stachyose 2.4% while in cooked beans it was 1.6%, 1.3%, and 1.8%, respectively.
<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Causing Solitary Liver Abscess (1998)

The authors report on a case of a solitary liver abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes in a 53-year-old diabetic white male and review all published cases of solitary listerial abscesses of the liver. L. monocytogenes is a rare cause of solitary liver abscess which occurs in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. The clinical signs are variable and often mimic malignancy, with epigastric pain, night sweats and weight loss. Prevalent features are poor control of glycemia, temperature up to 38.5 degrees C and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Optimal treatment includes percutaneous drainage of the hepatic abscess and antibiotic therapy with an aminopenicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Outcome of the reviewed patients was favourable with no mortality and no relapse of the disease.
Modifications to an Operational Numerical Weather Analysis System and Application to Rainfall (1968)

Modifications are made to an operational numerical weather analysis procedure concerning, chiefly, generation of the first approximation and consistency of analyzed scale with information density, with a view to extending the scope of the procedure. The method developed is applied to the analysis of climatic normal and monthly total rainfall patterns with favorable results. It is considered that the method, properly adapted, is suitable for more general application to other scalar fields such as dew point, wind component, shorter period rainfall and even survey contour analysis.
On-line monitoring of maximum permissible loading of a power system within voltage stability limits (2003)

On-line determination of the maximum permissible loading of a power system is essential for operating the system with an adequate security margin. A very simple and straightforward method of determining the maximum permissible loading and voltage stability margin of a power system using information about the current operating point is proposed. The method simply requires some locally measurable quantities, such as bus voltage magnitude, and active and reactive components of load power. The measured data are carefully processed to estimate the maximum permissible loading and voltage stability margin of a system. The proposed method was vigorously tested on the IEEE 14- and 30-bus systems and the simulation results indicated that the method can correctly estimate the maximum permissible loading of the systems at the verge of voltage collapse.