gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of automation in the integrated cockpit of tomorrow's general aviation aircraft (2002)

In the past 25 years, the general aviation (GA) industry has declined significantly. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has implemented the Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) program, demonstrating its commitment in reviving the industry. The goal of this program is to incorporate new and emerging technologies into the development of an affordable, safer, and easier to fly GA aircraft. Recent technological advances, in particular, innovative use of global positioning system (GPS) based sensors, have made possible the development of affordable, highly automated flight systems. Depending on automation alone, however, without very careful assessment of human factors could very well complicate, rather than simplify, the flight operations. To achieve AGATE's goal will require additional research to ensure that the technological advances are put to the most advantageous use in the development of an appropriate integrated cockpit for the GA application.
Method for measuring stereo camera depth accuracy based on stereoscopic vision (2010)

We present a method to evaluate stereo camera depth accuracy in human centered applications. It enables the comparison between stereo camera depth resolution and human depth resolution. Our method uses a multilevel test target which can be easily assembled and used in various studies. Binocular disparity enables humans to perceive relative depths accurately, making a multilevel test target applicable for evaluating the stereo camera depth accuracy when the accuracy requirements come from stereoscopic vision. The method for measuring stereo camera depth accuracy was validated with a stereo camera built of two SLRs (singlelens reflex). The depth resolution of the SLRs was better than normal stereo acuity at all measured distances ranging from 0.7 m to 5.8 m. The method was used to evaluate the accuracy of a lower quality stereo camera. Two parameters, focal length and baseline, were varied. Focal length had a larger effect on stereo camera's depth accuracy than baseline. The tests showed that normal stereo acuity was achieved only using a tele lens. However, a user's depth resolution in a video see-through system differs from direct naked eye viewing. The same test target was used to evaluate this by mixing the levels of the test target randomly and asking users to sort the levels according to their depth. The comparison between stereo camera depth resolution and perceived depth resolution was done by calculating maximum erroneous classification of levels.
Polyelectrolyte mediated intra and intermolecular crosslinking in microgel-based etalons for sensing protein concentration in solution (2013)

Biotin modified polycationic polymers are capable of penetrating the Au overlayer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgel-based etalons. Once penetrated, the polycations crosslink the polyanionic microgels, causing them to collapse, resulting in a concomitant blue shift of the spectral peaks in the reflectance spectrum. We show that the magnitude of the blue shift depends on the concentration of the biotinylated polycation solution exposed to the etalon. This behavior is subsequently used for biosensing applications.
Consistency Checking in Complex Object Database Schemata with Integrity Constraints (1995)

Integrity constraints are rules which should guarantee the integrity of a database. Provided that an adequate mechanism to express them is available, the following question arises: is there any way to populate a database which satisfies the constraints supplied by a designer? i.e., does the database schema, including constraints, admit at least one model in which all classes are non-empty? This work gives an answer to the above question in an OODB environment, providing a Data Definition Language (DDL) able to express the semantics of a relevant set of state constraints and a specialized reasoner able to check the consistency of a schema with such constraints. The choice of the set of constraints expressed in the DDL is motivated by decidability issues.
<i>N</i>-Acylethanolamines in Signal Transduction of Elicitor Perception. Attenuation of Alkalinization Response and Activation of Defense Gene Expression (1999)

In a recent study of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) metabolism in elicitor-treated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells, we identified a rapid release and accumulation of medium-chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) (e.g. N-myristoylethanolamine or NAE 14:0) and a compensatory decrease in cellular NAPE (K.D. Chapman, S. Tripathy, B. Venables, A.D. Desouza [1998] Plant Physiol 116: 1163-1168). In the present study, we extend this observation and report a 10- to 50-fold increase in NAE 14:0 content in leaves of tobacco (cv Xanthi) plants treated with xylanase or cryptogein elicitors. Exogenously supplied synthetic NAE species affected characteristic elicitor-induced and short- and long-term defense responses in cell suspensions of tobacco and long-term defense responses in leaves of intact tobacco plants. In general, synthetic NAEs inhibited elicitor-induced medium alkalinization by tobacco cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Exogenous NAE 14:0 induced expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase in a manner similar to fungal elicitors in both cell suspensions and leaves of tobacco. NAE 14:0, but not myristic acid, activated phenylalanine ammonia lyase expression at submicromolar concentrations, well within the range of NAE 14:0 levels measured in elicitor-treated plants. Collectively, these results suggest that NAPE metabolism, specifically, the accumulation of NAE 14:0, are part of a signal transduction pathway that modulates cellular defense responses following the perception of fungal elicitors.
Influence of processing method on the exfoliation process for organically modified clay systems. I. Polyurethanes (2003)

Abstract The influence of different processing methods on the nature of the dispersion achieved in the creation of a polyurethane nanocomposite is presented. The nanocomposites were produced using two different types of organically modified montmorillonite clays and a sample of fine particles of silicon nitride as a reference material. Rheological data were used to assess the nature of the dispersion achieved using the different processing methods. The nature of the dispersion produced was characterized using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements of the finally cured products. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to investigate the effect of the incorporation of clay platelets into the matrix of the polymer. The high‐temperature modulus provides evidence of the interaction between the polymer and the clay platelets; however, surprisingly, the glass transition temperatures of the filled and unfilled materials were almost identical. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1335–1343, 2004
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-Substituted-1H-indazoles as Potent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors (2016)

Tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), which is aberrant in various cancer types, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Here we reported the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of 6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-substituted-1H-indazoles derivatives as potent FGFR inhibitors. Compound 10a was first identified as a potent FGFR1 inhibitor, with good enzymatic inhibition. Further structure-based optimization revealed that compound 13a is the most potent FGFR1 inhibitor in this series with the enzyme inhibitory activity about 30.2 nM of IC50 value.
Analysis of a DNA polymorphic region in the gtfB and gtfC genes of Streptococcus mutans (1993)

We have previously demonstrated the existence of DNA polymorphisms at the 5' coding regions of the gtfB and gtfC genes specifying the streptococcal glucosyltransferases (J.S. Chia, T.Y. Hsu, L.J. Teng, J.Y. Chen, L.J. Hahn, and C.S. Yang, Infect. Immun. 59:1656-1660, 1991). DNA sequence analysis by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing revealed that while several nucleotide changes were identified, accounting for the polymorphisms, the amino acids which they code for remain unchanged. The polymorphic region is located in a highly conserved amino terminus of the glucosyltransferases. A peptide of 19 amino acids from this region reversed the inhibiting activity of an antiserum raised against the proteins coded for by the gtfB and gtfC genes. The results suggest that the polymorphic region, varying in DNA but not in amino acid sequences, might specify some biological function.
Faster statistical cell characterization using adjoint sensitivity analysis (2008)

With the adoption of statistical static timing analysis (SSTA), the characterization of standard cell libraries for delay variations and output transition time (output slew) variations, referred to as statistical characterization, is becoming essential. Statistical characterization of intra-cell mismatch variations as well as inter-chip variations need to be performed efficiently with acceptable accuracy as a function of process parameter variations. The conventional approach to this problem is to model these mismatch variations by characterizing each device variation separately. However, this entails a cost that is proportional to the product of the number of devices (n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> ) in the cell and the number of local statistical parameters (n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> ), and characterization becomes infeasible. In this work, we propose an improved transient sensitivity analysis to accelerate statistical characterization. We compute sensitivities of node voltages with respect to any process/design parameters. These sensitivities are used to extract the sensitivities of delays and transition times. It is more critical to note the sparsity of the circuit’s dependence on the statistical parameters (i.e., any given parameter directly impacts only a small portion of the circuit, sometimes only one device). By exploiting this sparsity we obtain a method that is O(n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> ), compared to O(n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> ×n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> ) of the conventional approach. As an example, for an AOI cell with 40 devices, the sensitivity analysis, compared to the standard approach using multiple simulations, results in more than 18X runtime improvements with better accuracy.
p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene and imidazolium zwitterion stabilised nano-arrays of fullerene C60 and C70 (2011)

Stable colloidal suspensions of fullerene C60 and C70 in water are readily accessible by mechanical grinding a mixture of fullerene and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and/or imidazolium zwitterion followed by ultrasonication on the addition of water. The yellow and brown solutions for C60 and C70 respectively contain nano-arrays of fullerenes (40 to 130 nm in diameter) covered by a sheath of sulfonated calixarene, sulfonated imidazolium zwitterions or supermolecules of these two moieties.
VideoMocap (2010)

This paper presents a video-based motion modeling technique for capturing physically realistic human motion from monocular video sequences. We formulate the video-based motion modeling process in an image-based keyframe animation framework. The system first computes camera parameters, human skeletal size, and a small number of 3D key poses from video and then uses 2D image measurements at intermediate frames to automatically calculate the "in between" poses. During reconstruction, we leverage Newtonian physics, contact constraints, and 2D image measurements to simultaneously reconstruct full-body poses, joint torques, and contact forces. We have demonstrated the power and effectiveness of our system by generating a wide variety of physically realistic human actions from uncalibrated monocular video sequences such as sports video footage.
clinker & clustermap.js: automatic generation of gene cluster comparison figures (2021)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NMDI: A normalized multi‐band drought index for monitoring soil and vegetation moisture with satellite remote sensing (2007)

A new index, the Normalized Multi‐band Drought Index (NMDI), is proposed for monitoring soil and vegetation moisture from space. NMDI is defined as , where R represents the apparent reflectance observed by a satellite sensor. Similar to the Normalized Difference Water Index, NMDI uses the 860 nm channel as the reference; instead of using a single liquid water absorption channel, however, it uses the difference between two liquid water absorption channels centered at 1640 nm and 2130 nm as the soil and vegetation moisture sensitive band. Analysis revealed that by combining information from multiple near infrared, and short wave infrared channels, NMDI has enhanced the sensitivity to drought severity, and is well suited to estimate both soil and vegetation moisture. Typical soil reflectance spectra and satellite‐acquired reflectances, are used to validate the usefulness of NMDI. Its application to areas with moderate vegetation coverage, however, needs further investigation.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Overhearing-Aided Data Caching in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2012)

Wireless ad hoc network is a promising networking technology to provide users with Internet access anywhere anytime. To cope with resource constraints of wireless ad hoc networks, data caching is widely used to efficiently reduce data access cost. In this paper, we propose an efficient data caching algorithm which makes use of the overhearing property of wireless communication to improve caching performance. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless links, a packet can be overheard by a node within the transmission range of the transmitter, even if the node is not the intended target. Our proposed algorithm explores the overheard information, including data request and data reply, to optimize cache placement and cache discovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that considers the overhearing property of wireless communications in data caching. The simulation results show that, compared with one representative algorithm and a naive overhearing algorithm, our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce both message cost and access delay.
AltPS: A Structural Alignment Tool for Protein Surfaces Using Similarity of Local Atomic Environments (2010)

We have developed an alignment tool for comparing protein local surfaces (AltPS). This program enables efficient exhaustive searches of the entire protein surfaces, using a feature vector for a surface atom with 6 to 18 elements to describe the geometrical and physicochemical properties in the local environment, without referring sequence or fold homology. AltPS runs on a personal computer with the input of a pair of PDB coordinates and outputs similarity scores between identified similar surfaces, alignments of the surface atoms, and corresponding superposed coordinates, based on cluster analysis of similar surface regions. In this report, we present some results on the application of AltPS to several protein pairs with similar functions to identify similar functional sites. AltPS can be downloaded from http://d-search.atnifty.com/research.html
Adapting the Elixhauser comorbidity index for cancer patients (2018)

BACKGROUND This study was designed to adapt the Elixhauser comorbidity index for 4 cancer‐specific populations (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal) and compare 3 versions of the Elixhauser comorbidity score (individual comorbidities, summary comorbidity score, and cancer‐specific summary comorbidity score) with 3 versions of the Charlson comorbidity score for predicting 2‐year survival with 4 types of cancer. METHODS This cohort study used Texas Cancer Registry–linked Medicare data from 2005 to 2011 for older patients diagnosed with breast (n = 19,082), prostate (n = 23,044), lung (n = 26,047), or colorectal cancer (n = 16,693). For each cancer cohort, the data were split into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, competing risk regression was used to model the association of Elixhauser comorbidities with 2‐year noncancer mortality, and cancer‐specific weights were derived for each comorbidity. In the validation cohort, competing risk regression was used to compare 3 versions of the Elixhauser comorbidity score with 3 versions of the Charlson comorbidity score. Model performance was evaluated with c statistics. RESULTS The 2‐year noncancer mortality rates were 14.5% (lung cancer), 11.5% (colorectal cancer), 5.7% (breast cancer), and 4.1% (prostate cancer). Cancer‐specific Elixhauser comorbidity scores (c = 0.773 for breast cancer, c = 0.772 for prostate cancer, c = 0.579 for lung cancer, and c = 0.680 for colorectal cancer) performed slightly better than cancer‐specific Charlson comorbidity scores (ie, the National Cancer Institute combined index; c = 0.762 for breast cancer, c = 0.767 for prostate cancer, c = 0.578 for lung cancer, and c = 0.674 for colorectal cancer). Individual Elixhauser comorbidities performed best (c = 0.779 for breast cancer, c = 0.783 for prostate cancer, c = 0.587 for lung cancer, and c = 0.687 for colorectal cancer). CONCLUSIONS The cancer‐specific Elixhauser comorbidity score performed as well as or slightly better than the cancer‐specific Charlson comorbidity score in predicting 2‐year survival. If the sample size permits, using individual Elixhauser comorbidities may be the best way to control for confounding in cancer outcomes research. Cancer 2018;124:2018‐25 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
A Parallel Geometric Multigrid Method for Finite Elements on Octree Meshes (2010)

In this article, we present a parallel geometric multigrid algorithm for solving variable-coefficient elliptic partial differential equations on the unit box (with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions) using highly nonuniform, octree-based, conforming finite element discretizations. Our octrees are 2:1 balanced, that is, we allow no more than one octree-level difference between octants that share a face, edge, or vertex. We describe a parallel algorithm whose input is an arbitrary 2:1 balanced fine-grid octree and whose output is a set of coarser 2:1 balanced octrees that are used in the multigrid scheme. Also, we derive matrix-free schemes for the discretized finite element operators and the intergrid transfer operations. The overall scheme is second-order accurate for sufficiently smooth right-hand sides and material properties; its complexity for nearly uniform trees is $\mathcal{O}(\frac{N}{n_p}\log\frac{N}{n_p})+\mathcal{O}(n_p\log n_p)$, where N is the number of octree nodes and $n_p$ is the number of processors. Our implementation uses the Message Passing Interface standard. We present numerical experiments for the Laplace and Navier (linear elasticity) operators that demonstrate the scalability of our method. Our largest run was a highly nonuniform, 8-billion-unknown, elasticity calculation using 32,000 processors on the Teragrid system, “Ranger,” at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Our implementation is publically available in the Dendro library, which is built on top of the PETSc library from Argonne National Laboratory.
A Video Retrieval Algorithm Based on Spatio-temporal Feature Curves (2008)

Present video retrieval methods have many problems. To solve these problems, a new video retrieval algorithm base on video spatio-temporal feature curves is proposed in this paper. In this new algorithm, the feature curves are extracted from the video, and then two videos' feature curves are compared to determine whether they have the same content or not. In the comparing process, to solve the problems of brightness offset in all frames and abrupt intense disturbance, the paper uses Grads comparison method and exception factor. And to solve the problem of time disobedience, dynamic time warping algorithm is adopted. The new algorithm can largely reduce the data amount of video retrieval. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.
Alterations to Melanocortinergic, GABAergic and Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Associated with Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain (2012)

Olanzapine-induced weight gain is associated with reduced appetite-inhibiting POMC and increased NPY. This study also supports a role for the CB1R and GABA in the mechanisms underlying weight gain side-effects, possibly by altering POMC transmission. Metabolic dysfunction can be modelled in the female rat using low, clinically-comparable olanzapine doses when administered in-line with the half-life of the drug.
Enhancement Techniques for True Color Images in Spatial Domain (2012)

The goal of Digital Image Processing is to process a digital image by means of a computer. Nowadays image processing is an exciting interdisciplinary field as it has wide range of applications in various fields like remote sensing, biomedical, industrial automation, office automation, criminology, military, astronomy, and space. Visual quality of an image may decreases during its sensing, storing, or sending. Image Enhancement basically improves the visual quality of an image by providing clear images. Based on color, images can be classified as gray scale and true color images. True color images represent full range of available colors that are similar to actual object. However a color images occupy more space when compared to gray scale images, they are very much useful for many applications. We reviewed in our previous paper about enhancement techniques for gray scale images in Spatial Domain. This paper extends those enhancement techniques to color images in spatial domain and results obtained gives better approach for its future research.
Monitoring FK 506 concentrations in plasma and whole blood. (1991)

The FCL provides support for clinical trials of FK 506 in liver transplantation by monitoring drug concentrations in plasma and whole blood. The sensitive EIA method of Tamura et al was adapted for routine use. Extraction of drug from 300 microL plasma or 20 microL whole blood samples was carried out using MeCl. An alternative solid phase (Sep-Pak) extraction method was also tested. Nonlinear temperature-sensitive binding of FK 506 to red cells necessitates plasma separation from whole blood at 37 degrees C. The analytical procedure entails numerous steps and efforts were made to improve the accuracy of the method. Interday CVs of FK 506 in plasma (0.3 to 3.0 ng/mL) and whole blood (4 to 60 ng/mL) ranged up to about 20% during validation testing and are maintained below 30% during routine assay use. However, daily QC samples occasionally yield unexpectedly high FK 506 concentrations. The MeCl and solid phase extraction methods yield FK 506 concentrations that reasonably correlate but the MeCl method produces plasma concentrations that are about 30% lower. FK 506 is appreciably bound in red cells with a nonlinear WBPR of 20 to 50 at low plasma concentrations (0 to 2 ng/mL) and a ratio of about 11 at plasma concentrations above 5 ng/mL. This may complicate conversion from plasma to whole blood for routine therapeutic monitoring. The described procedures for FK 506 are being implemented at various clinical sites in the United States with the FCL providing assistance with a quality assurance program to assure intersite comparability of assays results.