gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4-Azahomoadamant-3-ene: spectroscopic characterization and photoresolution of a highly reactive strained bridgehead imine (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Azahomoadamant-3-ene: spectroscopic characterization and photoresolution of a highly reactive strained bridgehead imineJuliusz G. Radziszewski, John W. Downing, Mikolaj Jawdosiuk, Peter Kovacic, and Josef MichlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3, 594–603Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00289a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00289a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetrahydrobi(oxazoles) and 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetrahydro‐2,2′‐methylenebis[oxazoles] as Chiral Ligands for Enantioselective Catalysis Preliminary Communication (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure, C 2 ‐symmetric 4,4′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐2,2′‐methylenebis[oxazoles] and 4,4′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐2,2′‐bi(oxazoles) is reported. Copper complexes with anionic tetrahydromethylenebis[oxazole] ligands are efficient catalysts for the enantioselective cyclopropane formation from olefins and diazo compounds (up to 96% ee in the reaction of styrene with menthyl diazoacetate). Tetrahydrobi(oxazole)iridium(I) complexes were found to catalyze transfer hydrogenations of aryl alkyl ketones with i‐PrOH (up to 91% ee). Tetrahydrobi(oxazole)palladium complexes can be used as enantioselective catalysts for allylic nucleophilic substitution (up to 77% ee in the reaction of PhCHCHCH(OAc)Ph with NaHC(COOMe) 2 ).
Solubilization Behavior of Paracetamol in Transcutol–Water Mixtures at (298.15 to 333.15) K (2013)

The solubilization behavior of paracetamol (PCT) in a diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol)–water mixture at (298.15 to 333.15) K is not reported in literature so far. Therefore, attempts were made to investigate the solubilization behavior of PCT in monosolvents and various Transcutol–water mixtures at the temperature range of (298.15 to 333.15) K. The mole fraction solubility of PCT was determined by reported shake flask method. The experimental solubility data of PCT in monosolvents and various Transcutol–water mixtures were found to be correlated well with the modified Apelblat model with the correlation coefficients in the range of 0.996 to 0.999. The solubility of PCT was found to be increased significantly with the increase in temperature and mass fraction of Transcutol. The mole fraction solubility of PCT was found to be highest in pure Transcutol (0.111 at 298.15 K) as compared to water and other cosolvent mixtures. The positive values of enthalpies and entropies indicated that the dissolution of PCT is endothermic. Overall, these results indicated that Transcutol could be used as a physiologically compatible cosolvent to enhance the aqueous solubility of PCT. These preliminary studies could be useful in the formulation development of PCT especially in terms of liquid dosage forms.
Phase 2 results from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 0537 (2012)

The current results indicated that ALTENS treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia can be delivered uniformly in a cooperative, multicenter setting and produces possible beneficial treatment response. Given these results, the phase 3 component of this study was initiated.
A model of security monitoring (2003)

A formal model of security monitoring that distinguishes two different methods of recording information (logging) and two different methods of analyzing information (auditing) is presented. From this model, implications for the design and use of security monitoring mechanisms are drawn. The model is then applied to security mechanisms for statistical databases, monitoring mechanisms for computer systems, and backups, in order to demonstrate its usefulness. It is concluded that the proposed model of logging and auditing is comprehensive enough to encompass very different schemes used in a variety of contexts. For example. Statistical database query control and file access monitoring systems do not seem to be related, and yet they create closely related security problems, and the mechanisms designed to improve the security of one will also improve the security of the other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Environmentally Safe Crosslinked Polymer for Fluid-Loss Control (1995)

Abstract The adverse effects of inadequate fluid-loss control associated with gravel-packed completions is well known. Controlling fluid losses to the formation before and after pack placement is critical to ultimately achieving optimum productivity from a given well for the following two reasons: Fluid-loss control is necessary to prevent losses of expensive high-density brines, sometimes used for well control in high-permeability, unconsolidated formations. The costly loss of expensive brines can also lead to critically unsafe well conditions, where high overbalance pressures are required to control highly geopressured zones. Dense brines have been reported as being difficult to unload from formations once losses have occurred.1 Calcium and zinc-bromide brines can form highly stable, acid-insoluble compounds when reacted with some formation brines. Because of the high density of these brines, stratification tends to further inhibit their removal. The most effective means of preventing the formation damage described is to limit completion brine losses to the formation.
Insertion of Imines and Carbon Monoxide into Manganese−Alkyl Bonds:  Synthesis and Structure of a Manganese−α-Amino Acid Derivative (2001)

Two new routes have been developed to generate manganese-chelated amides from imine and carbon monoxide building blocks. The reaction of (CO)5MnR (R = CH3, Ph) with (p-tolyl)(R1)NR2 (R1 = H, tBu; R2 = alkyl, H) results in the generation of the cyclometalated imine complexes (CO)4Mn[η2-4-CH3-2-(C(R1)NR2)-C6H3] in 50−84% isolated yield. However, when the reaction of (p-tolyl)(H)CNCH3 with (CO)5MnCH3 is performed in the presence of AlCl3, the product of sequential carbon monoxide and imine insertion is generated in 35% yield: (CO)4Mn[η2-C(H)(p-tolyl)N(CH3)COCH3]. The addition of PPh3 to the latter complex results in replacement of a carbonyl ligand and formation of the isolable fac-(CO)3(PPh3)Mn[η2-C(H)(p-tolyl)N(CH3)COCH3]. In an alternative route to metal-bound amides, the oxidative addition of the N-acyl iminium salt (p-tolyl(H)CN(CH3)COPh+Cl- to (CO)5Mn-Na+ has been found to lead to the generation of the product of subsequent CO insertion, (CO)4Mn[η2-COC(H)(p-tolyl)N(CH3)COPh]. The latter represents the first example of a acyl-bound transition-metal-chelated α-amino acid complex and has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Preliminary reactivity studies demonstrate that (CO)4Mn[η2-COC(H)(p-tolyl)N(CH3)COPh] reacts with PPh3 to generate the unchelated cis-(CO)4(PPh3)Mn[COC(H)(p-tolyl)N(CH3)COPh], while reaction with NaBH4 leads to the liberation of the amide (p-tolyl)CH2N(CH3)COPh, rather than the amino acid residue.
Old drugs, old problems: where do we stand in prediction of rheumatoid arthritis responsiveness to methotrexate and other synthetic DMARDs? (2013)

Methotrexate (MTX) is the central drug in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune mediated inflammatory diseases. It is widely used either in monotherapy or in association with other synthetic and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Although comprehensive clinical experience exists for MTX and synthetic DMARDs, to date it has not been possible to preview correctly whether or not a patient will respond to treatment with these drugs. Predicting response to MTX and other DMARDs would allow the selection of patients based on their likelihood of response, thus enabling individualized therapy and avoiding unnecessary adverse effects and elevated costs. However, studies analyzing this issue have struggled to obtain consistent, replicable results and no factor has yet been recognized to individually distinguish responders from nonresponders at treatment start. Variables possibly influencing drug effectiveness may be disease-, patient- or treatment-related, clinical or biological (genetic and nongenetic). In this review we summarize current evidence on predictors of response to MTX and other synthetic DMARDs, discuss possible causes for the heterogeneity observed and address its translation into daily clinical practice.
Directional coupling of oligodendrocyte connexin‐47 and astrocyte connexin‐43 gap junctions (2018)

Intercellular communication via gap junction channels between oligodendrocytes and between astrocytes as well as between these cell types is essential to maintain the integrity of myelin in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte gap junction connexin-47 (Cx47) is a key element in this crosstalk and indeed, mutations in human Cx47 cause severe myelin disorders. However, the permeation properties of channels of Cx47 alone and in heterotypic combination with astrocyte Cx43 remain unclear. We show here that Cx47 contains three extra residues at 5' amino-terminus that play a critical role in the channel pore structure and account for relative low ionic conductivity, cationic permselectivity and voltage-gating properties of oligodendrocyte-oligodendrocyte Cx47 channels. Regarding oligodendrocyte-astrocyte coupling, heterotypic channels formed by Cx47 with Cx43 exhibit ionic and chemical rectification, which creates a directional diffusion barrier for the movement of ions and larger negatively charged molecules from cells expressing Cx47 to those with Cx43. The restrictive permeability of Cx47 channels and the diffusion barrier of Cx47-Cx43 channels was abolished by a mutation associated with leukodystrophy, the Cx47P90S, suggesting a novel pathogenic mechanism underlying myelin disorders that involves alterations in the panglial permeation.
Microencapsulated dimethyl terephthalate phase change material for heat transfer fluid performance enhancement (2016)

Micro-phase change materials (micro-PCMs) are proposed to increase the thermal conductivity and the thermal energy storage capacity of a heat transfer fluid (HTF). In this work, we have selected dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to be used as a PCM for performance enhancement of a synthetic oil in the temperature range of approximately 100 to 170 °C. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was used as the microencapsulant, because of its desirable properties as containment material, including thermal stability. The SiO2-coated DMT micro-PCM was characterized to determine relevant properties and its suitability for HTF performance enhancement. The SiO2-coated DMT was found to completely disperse in the synthetic oil, Therminol SP, silicone oil, at and above 100 °C. FTIR, thermal diffusivity and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were carried out on the materials, and these tests demonstrated that the coated particles can be used for HTF enhancement in the temperature range of 100–170 °C and potentially higher temperatures if pressurized pipes/vessels are utilized. Using the measured thermal diffusivity and known data for density and specific heat capacity, the thermal conductivity of the micro-PCM was calculated. Our calculations indicate that both the thermal conductivity and the thermal energy storage heat capacity of the HTF would be enhanced by the addition of this micro-PCM. It is expected that the thermal conductivity increase will enhance the heat transfer of the fluid when in use at temperatures above and below the melting temperature of the PCM. At the melting point, the latent heat of the PCM will increase the thermal energy storage capacity of the fluid. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineered natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: influence of surface modifications and novel powder impregnation processing (2002)

Abstract Environmentally-benign powder impregnation processing is adopted in fabricating bio-composites from chopped natural fibers and powder polypropylene. The surface modifications of natural fibers involving alkali treatment and treatment with maleated polyolefins are found to be very effective in improving fiber-matrix adhesion. Bast fiber (kenaf) based composites showed best tensile and modulus properties while leaf fiber (henequen) based biocomposites showed best impact behavior. Through a blend of surface-treated bast and leaf fibers, 'engineered natural fibers' (ENFs) can be designed and such ENFs on reinforcement with a polymer matrix result in biocomposites with superior physico-mechanical properties. Keywords: natural fiber compositessurface modificationspowder processingengineered natural fiberpolypropylene
Supporting systolic and memory communication in iWarp (1990)

iWarp is a parallel architecture developed jointly by Carnegie Mellon University and Intel Corporation. The iWarp communication system supports two widely used interprocessor communication styles: memory communication and systolic communication. This paper describes the rationale, architecture, and implementation for the iWarp communication system.
Image Features From Phase Congruency (1995)

Image features such as step edges, lines and Mach bands all give rise to points where the Fourier components of the image are maximally in phase. The use of phase congruency for marking features has significant advantages over gradient based methods. It is a dimensionless quantity that is invariant to changes in image brightness or contrast, hence it provides an absolute measure of the significance of feature points. This allows the use of universal threshold values that can be applied over wide classes of images. This paper presents a new way of calculating phase congruency through the use of wavelets. The existing theory that has been developed for 1D signals is extended to allow the calculation of phase congruency in 2D images. It is shown that for good localization it is important to consider the spread of frequencies present at a point of phase congruency. An effective method for identifying, and compensating for, the level of noise in an image is presented. Finally, it is argued ...
Some Solid-State Studies of Tungsten Trioxide and Their Significance to Tungsten Bronze Theory (1963)

The Hall voltage, resistivity, and thermoelectric power have been measured on single crystals of tungstic oxide (γ phase: 10° to 330°C). The electrical transport properties can be explained quantitatively on the basis of a shallow donor model (ED=0.04 eV) in which carrier mobility is limited primarily by polar scattering from optical mode lattice vibrations. The interaction between electron and phonon is describable by the perturbation theory of Howarth and Sondheimer (replacing the effective mass by the polaron mass) or by the intermediate coupling theory of Lee, Low, and Pines. The model has been extended successfully to calculate the thermal and composition dependences of resistivity and Seebeck coefficient for the cubic sodium tungsten bronzes.
Inhibition of colonic tumor cell growth by biliary glycoprotein. (1995)

Biliary glycoproteins (BGPs) are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. These glycoproteins function in vitro as intercellular adhesion molecules and, in vitro as intercellular adhesion molecules and, in the mouse, serve as receptors for the mouse hepatitis viruses. In previous studies, BGP expression has been reported to be generally downregulated in colon and liver carcinomas of human, rat and mouse origins. We now demonstrate that introduction of murine Bgp1 cDNA isoforms into a mouse colonic carcinoma cell line, negative for endogenous Bgpl expression, significantly alters the growth properties of these cells. Cells bearing two Bgp1 isoforms were growth-retarded and exhibited a reduced ability to form colonies in an in vitro transformation assay, when compared to parental or control neor cells. Furthermore, tumor formation was inhibited by 80% when cells bearing a full-length Bgp1 isoform were injected into BALB/c syngeneic mice, while cells expressing a Bgp1 isoform lacking most of the intracytoplasmic domain produced tumors as readily as the parental cells. There results indicate that a biliary glycoprotein isoform is involved in negative regulation of colonic tumor cell growth, by a process which requires its intracytoplasmic domain. The precise mechanisms causing Bgp-dependent tumor growth inhibition remain, however, to be defined.
Adaptive demosaicking (2003)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Long-Term Subclinical Carrier State Precedes Scrapie Replication and Adaptation in a Resistant Species: Analogies to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Humans (2001)

Cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) appear to be a reservoir for transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) to humans. Although just over 100 people have developed clinical vCJD, millions have probably been exposed to the infectivity by consumption of BSE-infected beef. It is currently not known whether some of these individuals will develop disease themselves or act as asymptomatic carriers of infectivity which might infect others in the future. We have studied agent persistence and adaptation after cross-species infection using a model of mice inoculated with hamster scrapie strain 263K. Although mice inoculated with hamster scrapie do not develop clinical disease after inoculation with 10 million hamster infectious doses, hamster scrapie infectivity persists in brain and spleen for the life span of the mice. In the present study, we were surprised to find a 1-year period postinfection with hamster scrapie where there was no evidence for replication of infectivity in mouse brain. In contrast, this period of inactive persistence was followed by a period of active replication of infectivity as well as adaptation of new strains of agent capable of causing disease in mice. In most mice, neither the early persistent phase nor the later replicative phase could be detected by immunoblot assay for protease-resistant prion protein (PrP). If similar asymptomatic carriers of infection arise after exposure of humans or animals to BSE, this could markedly increase the danger of additional spread of BSE or vCJD infection by contaminated blood, surgical instruments, or meat. If such subclinical carriers were negative for protease-resistant PrP, similar to our mice, then the recently proposed screening of brain, tonsils, or other tissues of animals and humans by present methods such as immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry might be too insensitive to identify these individuals.
Counselling on discharge (1991)

Jef Smith outlines the work of an organisation that provides help and advice in the selection of residential placement
Optimal noise control in and fast reconstruction of fan‐beam computed tomography image (1999)

We proposed a linear approach that exploits statistically complementary information inherent in the projection data of fan-beam computed tomography (CT) for achieving a bias-free image-variance reduction in fan-beam CT. This linear approach leads to the development of infinite classes of hybrid algorithms for image reconstruction in fan-beam CT. These hybrid algorithms are computationally more efficient and numerically less susceptible to data noise and to the effect of finite sampling than the conventional fan-beam filtered back-projection (FFBP) algorithm. We also developed infinite classes of generalized fan-beam filtered back-projection (GFFBP) algorithms, which include the conventional FFBP algorithm as a special member. We demonstrated theoretically and quantitatively that the hybrid and GFFBP algorithms are identical (or different) in the absence (or presence) of data noise and of the effect of finite sampling. More importantly, we identified the statistically optimal hybrid algorithm that may have potentially significant implication to image reconstruction in fan-beam CT. Extensive numerical results of computer-simulation studies validated our theoretical results.
Risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prevention: a systematic review (2006)

There is no evidence that the use of risk assessment scales decreases pressure ulcer incidence. The Braden Scale offers the best balance between sensitivity and specificity and the best risk estimate. Both the Braden and Norton Scales are more accurate than nurses' clinical judgement in predicting pressure ulcer risk.
Tracking objects using a laser scanner in driving situation based on modeling target shape (2007)

In this paper, we present a new approach to solve the problem of tracking partially hidden objects by a single layer laser scanner. Taking into consideration the shape of the detected object, we have optimized the clustering and the estimation of results. We propose to adapt the detection according to the predicted pose and the occlusions. We have developed an algorithm to detect the security barriers of the road in some conditions. Finally, we have projected our interpretation in the image of a vision system to provide the area of interest to be analyzed and fused with our results. This method is experimented using a single layer laser scanner of type SICK mounted on a vehicle and validated by the means of video data.
Electrocardiogram generation with a bidirectional LSTM-CNN generative adversarial network (2019)

Heart disease is a malignant threat to human health. Electrocardiogram (ECG) tests are used to help diagnose heart disease by recording the heart's activity. However, automated medical-aided diagnosis with computers usually requires a large volume of labeled clinical data without patients' privacy to train the model, which is an empirical problem that still needs to be solved. To address this problem, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN), which is composed of a bidirectional long short-term memory(LSTM) and convolutional neural network(CNN), referred as BiLSTM-CNN,to generate synthetic ECG data that agree with existing clinical data so that the features of patients with heart disease can be retained. The model includes a generator and a discriminator, where the generator employs the two layers of the BiLSTM networks and the discriminator is based on convolutional neural networks. The 48 ECG records from individuals of the MIT-BIH database were used to train the model. We compared the performance of our model with two other generative models, the recurrent neural network autoencoder(RNN-AE) and the recurrent neural network variational autoencoder (RNN-VAE). The results showed that the loss function of our model converged to zero the fastest. We also evaluated the loss of the discriminator of GANs with different combinations of generator and discriminator. The results indicated that BiLSTM-CNN GAN could generate ECG data with high morphological similarity to real ECG recordings.