gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Stator Turn Fault Detection Method and a Fault-Tolerant Operating Strategy for Interior PM Synchronous Motor Drives in Safety-Critical Applications (2007)

A stator turn fault in a safety-critical drive application must be detected at its initial stage and imperatively requires an evasive action to prevent a serious accident caused by an abrupt interruption in the drive s operation. However, this is much challenging for the case of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives because of the presence of the permanent magnets that cannot be turned off at will. This work tackles the problem of increase the stator turn fault tolerance of IPMSM drives in safety-critical applications. This objective is achieved by an on-line turn fault detection method and a simple turn fault-tolerant operating strategy. \nIn this work, it is shown that a stator turn fault in a current-controlled voltage source inverter-driven machine leads to a reduced fundamental positive sequence component of the voltage references as compared to the machine without a turn fault for a given torque reference and rotating speed. Based on this finding, a voltage reference-based turn fault detection method is proposed. \nIn addition, it is also revealed that an adjustment to the level of the rotating magnetic flux in an appropriate manner can yield a significant reduction in the propagation speed of the fault and possibly prevention of the fault from spreading to the entire winding. This would be accomplished without any hardware modification. Based on this principle, a stator turn fault-tolerant operating strategy for IPMSM drives maintaining drive s availability is proposed. \nTo evaluate these turn fault detection method and fault-tolerant operating strategy, an electrical model and a thermal model of an IPMSM with stator turn faults are derived.\nAll the proposed models and methods are validated through simulations and experiments on a 10kW IPMSM drive.
Silicon and GaAs/Ge concentrator power plants: a comparison of cost of energy produced (2002)

Until now virtually all of the development of terrestrial concentrator PV power plants has utilized silicon cell technology. If silicon concentrator technology achieves its predicted potential performance and cost, it would be very close to commercial viability as defined by DOE goals of 12 c/kWh. Also until now, GaAs cell technology has not been a viable alternative for these power plants, largely due to the cost of cells grown on GaAs substrates. The ability to grow high-efficiency GaAs solar cells on germanium substrates presents the strong possibility of reducing their cost of energy produced. The cost of large-grain, optical-grade, polycrystalline germanium substrates is potentially 15 times less than single-crystal GaAs substrates, and cell conversion efficiencies approaching 35% are likely for tandem-junction GaAs cells. This analysis shows that for comparable 50 MW Fresnel lens plants, the 30-year, levelized cost of energy (COE) from GaAs/Ge cells can be $0.118/kWh compared to $0.140/kWh for a 27.4% Si back-contact cell.
Field Performance and Phenotypic Stability of Tissue Culture-propagated Strawberries1 (1981)

Abstract Vigor, petiole length, stand, runner production, yield per square meter of matted row, and numbers of trusses per crown were greater in tissue culture-produced plants when compared to runner plants of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch ). Leaf area and shape, number of serrations per leaflet, petiole pubescence density, flowers per truss, yield per crown, harvest time, small fruit weight, and percent imperfect fruits did not vary appreciably between propagation methods. Size of large fruit and mean fruit weight were less in tissue culture-produced plants. All changes in performance were caused, at least in part, by the increased vigor and axillary bud activity of tissue culture-produced plants. Tissue culture propagation of strawberry is particularly adapted to production of planting stock for nurseries because 60% more runner plants are produced from tissue culture plants. Production of variant plants from tissue culture was largely limited to 1 meristem-tip line. For certain cultivars, some adjustment of nursery inspection procedures for off-type plants will be required.
A comparison of mapped and measured total ionospheric electron content using global positioning system and beacon satellite observations (1988)

Total ionospheric electron contents (TEC) were measured by global positioning system (GPS) dual‐frequency receivers developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The measurements included P ‐code (precise ranging code) and carrier phase data for six GPS satellites during multiple 5‐hour observing sessions. A set of these GPS TEC measurements were mapped from the GPS lines of sight to the line of sight of a Faraday beacon satellite by statistically fitting the TEC data to a simple model of the ionosphere. The mapped GPS TEC values were compared with the Faraday rotation measurements. Because GPS transmitter offsets are different for each satellite and because some GPS receiver offsets were uncalibrated, the sums of the satellite and receiver offsets were estimated simultaneously with the TEC in a least squares procedure. The accuracy of this estimation procedure is evaluated, indicating that the error of the GPS‐determined line of sight TEC can be at or below 1×10 16 el/m 2 . Consequently, the current level of accuracy is comparable to the Faraday rotation technique; however, GPS provides superior sky coverage.
The vaginal isolate Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760) is suitable for oral administration (2015)

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common urogenital diseases affecting women in reproductive age. The administration of probiotics as vaginal suppository has been proposed as a strategy to cure this condition and reduce its recurrence. Nonetheless, also oral consumption of probiotics, which is a more practical route of administration, proved to be an efficient strategy. In this perspective, we studied Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760), a human vaginal isolate included in commercial probiotic preparations for topical use, in order to assess if this bacterium can also perform as gastrointestinal probiotic. Comparative genomics revealed the presence of several accessory genes suggesting that LPC-S01 is a niche-generalist member of its species. According to a procedure conventionally used to predict the probiotic potential, we demonstrated that the probiotic properties of strain LPC-S01, with respect to those of the well-known probiotic references L. paracasei Shirota and DG, are equal for the bile tolerance and the reduction of NF-κB activation in Caco-2 cells, or superior for the tolerance to gastric juice and the adhesion to Caco-2 epithelial cells. We then demonstrated that LPC-S01 is susceptible to antibiotics indicated by EFSA and does not produce biogenic amines. Finally, a double-blind cross-over pilot intervention trial on healthy human volunteers showed that, after a 7-days oral consumption of capsules containing about 24 billion live cells, the fecal cell concentrations of strains LPC-S01 and DG (evaluated by qPCR) were not dissimilar. Specifically, both probiotics' cell concentrations were above the detection limit for an average of 5 days from the end of the treatment, corresponding to a mean number of evacuations of 7 ± 2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the vaginal isolate L. paracasei LPC-S01 possesses safety and functional properties that may support its use as probiotic to be administered per os for potential intestinal as well as vaginal applications.
Preparation of pure isomers of dinitropyrenes. (1984)

Isomers of dinitropyrenes (1, 3-, 1, 6-, and 1, 8-dinitropyrenes) uncontaminated by the other isomers were prepared from the corresponding diaminopyrenes by oxidation, or nucleophilic substitution with nitrite after diazotization.
Velocity distribution of fragments of catastrophic impacts (1992)

Three dimensional velocities of fragments produced by laboratory impact experiments were measured for basalts and pyrophyllites. The velocity distribution of fragments obtained shows that the velocity range of the major fragments is rather narrow, at most within a factor of 3 and that no clear dependence of velocity on the fragment mass is observed. The NonDimensional Impact Stress (NDIS) defined by Mizutani et al. (1990) is found to be an appropriate scaling parameter to describe the overall fragment velocity as well as the antipodal velocity.
Digital Controlled Oscillator (1988)

A monolithically integrated, digitally controlled oscillator is presented. It has an output frequency range from 18.9 Hz to ≫ 20 MHz, the long term stability of a quartz oscillator and a short term clock edge uncertainty with a standard deviation of 0.4 ns. The digital frequency control is fully linear with a resolution of 18.9 Hz. The only required external component is a reference quartz. The circuit operates from a single 5 V power supply and is fabricated in a 1.5 μm, double metal, single poly, CMOS process. The chip area is 4.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Optimal Kronecker Product Approximation of Block Toeplitz Matrices (2000)

This paper considers the problem of finding n × n matrices Ak and Bk that minimize $||T - \sum A_k \otimes B_k||_F$, where $\otimes$ denotes Kronecker product and T is a banded n × n block Toeplitz matrix with banded n × n Toeplitz blocks. It is shown that the optimal Ak and Bk are banded Toeplitz matrices, and an efficient algorithm for computing the approximation is provided. An image restoration problem from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is used to illustrate the effectiveness of an approximate SVD preconditioner constructed from the Kronecker product decomposition.
Combining dual‐sensor data with pre‐stack depth migration — Imaging the ghost and primary reflection at Teal South (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Combining dual‐sensor data with pre‐stack depth migration — Imaging the ghost and primary reflection at Teal SouthAuthors: Xiuyuan LiDwight SukupDaniel EbromXiuyuan LiTexaco Inc., Dwight SukupTexaco Inc., and Daniel EbromTexaco Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820717 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820717FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Xiuyuan Li, Dwight Sukup, and Daniel Ebrom, (1999), "Combining dual‐sensor data with pre‐stack depth migration — Imaging the ghost and primary reflection at Teal South," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1190-1193. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820717 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Differences in Binding Specificity for the Homologous γ- and β-Chain “Holes” on Fibrinogen:  Exclusive Binding of Ala-His-Arg-Pro-amide by the β-Chain Hole<sup>,</sup> (2006)

The beta-chain amino-terminal sequences of all known mammalian fibrins begin with the sequence Gly-His-Arg-Pro- (GHRP-), but the homologous sequence in chicken fibrin begins with the sequence Ala-His-Arg-Pro- (AHRP-). Nonetheless, chicken fibrinogen binds the synthetic peptide GHRPam, and a previously reported crystal structure has revealed that the binding is in exact conformance with that observed for the human GHRPam-fragment D complex. We now report that human fibrinogen, which is known not to bind APRP, binds the synthetic peptide AHRPam. Moreover, a crystal structure of AHRPam complexed with fragment D from human fibrinogen shows that AHRPam binds exclusively to the beta-chain hole and, unlike GHRPam, not at all to the homologous gamma-chain hole. The difference can be attributed to the methyl group of the alanine residue clashing with a critical carboxyl group in the gammaC hole but being accommodated in the roomier betaC hole where the equivalent carboxyl is situated more flexibly.
Ingenane synthetic studies. Stereocontrolled introduction of all oxygenated and unsaturated centers in an ingenol prototype (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIngenane synthetic studies. Stereocontrolled introduction of all oxygenated and unsaturated centers in an ingenol prototypeRobert J. Ross and Leo A. PaquetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 24, 5497–5498Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00233a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00233a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of hematocrit on quantitative analysis of "blood spots" on filter paper (1993)

Journal Article Influence of hematocrit on quantitative analysis of "blood spots" on filter paper Get access S O'Broin S O'Broin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 6, 1 June 1993, Pages 1354–1355, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.6.1354 Published: 01 June 1993
Down-Regulation of Tomato β-Galactosidase 4 Results in Decreased Fruit Softening (2002)

Transcript abundance of the gene encoding beta-galactosidase II, a beta-galactosidase/exo-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.23) present during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening, was suppressed by expression of an antisense tomato beta-galactosidase 4 (TBG4) cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. RNA gel-blot analysis was used to evaluate TBG4 mRNA levels in transgenic fruit. All of the antisense lines had attenuated TBG4 mRNA levels in turning stage fruit; however, TBG4 mRNA suppression was unstable, and mRNA levels varied in red-ripe fruit among the lines. Suppression of TBG4 mRNA levels in antisense fruit was correlated with a reduction in extractable exo-galactanase activity against a lupin galactan. All of the antisense lines had reduced free galactose levels at mature green stage 4, but levels comparable with controls during ripening. Total cell wall galactosyl contents in the antisense fruit were not significantly different from control fruit. Whole-fruit firmness was measured using a texture analyzer and the means of the peak force measurements for four of six antisense lines were significantly higher than control fruit. One antisense line had red-ripe fruit that were 40% firmer than controls. Fruit from this antisense line also had the lowest TBG4 mRNA and exo-galactanase levels and the highest wall galactosyl content during the early stages of ripening, implicating an involvement of this gene product in cell wall modification leading to fruit softening.
FDA approves device for female sexual dysfunction (2000)

After years of ignoring the matter, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a device designed to improve female sexual function. Although devices and drugs to combat male impotence and erectile dysfunction have been on the market for years, this is the first time that the FDA has approved an analogous …
Modern cable-fault-location methods (1975)

The modern method of effective cable-fault location is to establish an approximate fault locality and then to accurately confirm the fault position. The paper reviews fault-location methods developed over the past few years, these have proved to be very accurate and generally quicker than classical methods. The main causes of failure are analysed and, since the majority of cable faults occur on the electricity-supply distribution systems, the scope is limited to the location of faults on h.v. and m.v. cables and associated pilot cables. Present equipment limitations mean that a complete fault-location system is achieved only by combining different equipment and different methods. However, until a reliable universal fault locator has been developed, cable-fault location will remain an art rather than a science, particularly in the field of m.v./l.v. cable faults. Future developments are suggested for locating faults on m.v. networks which generally present a special problem.
Introduction (2008)

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable revival of interest in the thought of Benjamin Constant. Long recognized for his literary masterpiece Adolphe, it is now his political writings that are attracting attention. A steady stream of paperback editions are appearing on the market, college textbooks increasingly include references to him, and, recently, a US Supreme Court judge drew inspiration from him in a book on the US constitution. Along with a rapidly growing body of scholarship, this Constant renaissance is reaffirming Constant's stature as a founding father of modern liberalism. In fact, many people today regard Constant as the most important liberal thinker between Montesquieu and Tocqueville.
Non-invasive Fiber Tracking on Diffusion Tensor MRI Using High-Temperature Superconducting Tape RF coil (2005)

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil is one of the best ways to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) tapes were suitable to use because of the easier fabrications and lower cost. In this study, we built HTS Bi-2223 tape coils and demonstrated that the SNR of using the HTS tape coil was 3 or 4 folds higher than that of the traditional copper coil for a rat brain MR study. Acquisition time of MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be reduced by factor of 9 for the same signal-to-noise. Accuracy of fiber tracking using DTI is also significantly improved by a factor of 2.5 or so using HTS coil. In summary, with this HTSC system, a 3T MR system could reach the high signal-to-noise of 12 T MR system with the advantage of less T2 shortening effects at high field. Currents researches are focused on brain connectivity and fMRI studies.
Exploitation of Geometric Data provided by Laser Scanning to Create FEM Structural Models of Bridges (2015)

Quantitative tools providing information about the state of the health of a bridge in service are shown to be an essential part of the maintenance required to extend its useful life. Laser scanning technology has shown in recent years a high potential applicability. One of the principal applications is the use of the detailed geometrical information extracted as a basis for the creation of precise computational models. To date, no commercial software nor a robust automatic approach for the direct transformation of these data into valid models for analysis by the finite-element method (FEM) exists. The aim of this paper is to provide an easy and practical methodology that allows the conversion of point clouds into FEM models so that daily real cases of engineering can take the benefit of the precise geometrical description to subsequently carry out the structural assessment of bridges in service.
Structure-based discovery and description of plant and animal <i>Helitrons</i> (2009)

Helitrons are recently discovered eukaryotic transposons that are predicted to amplify by a rolling-circle mechanism. They are present in most plant and animal species investigated, but were previously overlooked partly because they lack terminal repeats and do not create target site duplications. Helitrons are particularly abundant in flowering plants, where they frequently acquire, and sometimes express, 1 or more gene fragments. A structure-based search protocol was developed to find Helitrons and was used to analyze several plant and animal genomes, leading to the discovery of hundreds of new Helitrons. Analysis of these Helitrons has uncovered mechanisms of element evolution, including end creation and sequence acquisition. Preferential accumulation in gene-poor regions and target site specificities were also identified. Overall, these studies provide insights into the transposition and evolution of Helitrons and their contributions to evolved gene content and genome structure.
Design consideration of micro thin film solid-oxide fuel cells (2005)

Miniaturized planar solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and stacks can be fabricated by thin film deposition and micromachining. Serious thermal stresses, originating in fabrication and during operation, cause thermal–mechanical instability of the constituent thin films. In this paper, the effect of thin film geometry on thermal stress and mechanical stability is evaluated to optimize the structure of a thin film. A novel design of thin circular electrolyte films for SOFCs is presented by using corrugated structures, with which small thermal stresses and a broad design range of structure parameters can be obtained. Thermal transfer analysis shows that heat loss by solid conduction is serious in thin films with a small radius. But thermal convection and radiation dominate heat loss in large thin films with a radius of several millimetres. Scale-dependent thermal characteristics show the importance of film size and packaging in optimization of thermal isolation for micro SOFCs. A novel flip-flop stack configuration for micro SOFCs is presented. This configuration allows multiple cells to share one reaction chamber, helps to obtain uniform flow fields, and simplifies the flow field network for micro fuel cell stacks.
Botulinum toxin A for spasticity, muscle spasms, and rigidity (1995)

We studied the effects of botulinum toxin A in 12 patients with spasticity and in eight patients with rigidity. The study design was a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with botulinum toxin A versus saline. Using the Ashworth Scale for spasticity and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale for rigidity, we gave the patients a tone grade before and 2 weeks after treatment. Improvement in tone by two grades or more was considered clinically significant. In the spasticity group, botulinum toxin A reduced the tone of all patients significantly, improved functionality and nursing care in eight of 12 patients, and alleviated painful spasms in five of five patients. In the rigidity group, muscle tone was decreased in seven of eight patients, functionality improved in four of seven, and joint and muscle pain decreased in four of five. We conclude that botulinum toxin A is effective against the disabling effects of spasticity and rigidity. The treatment was well tolerated.