gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a non-magnetic iron centre and an iron-storage or -transport material in blue—green algal membranes by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1977)

At least two species of iron were identified in crude membrane preparations of the blue-green algae Chlorogloea fritschii and Anacystis nidulans by Mössbauer spectroscopy. One species was non-magnetic with chemical shift more characteristic of a ferredoxin-like centre than of any known low-spin Fe(II) biological compounds. Studies on cells grown under depleted-iron conditions show the other iron species to be part of the system for iron metabolic transport and/or storage.
Medial canthoplasty: Early and delayed repair (1981)

Naso-orbital trauma can cause medial orbital wall disruption and detachment of the medial canthal ligament. Damage to the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and frontal sinusitis can occur. Twelve cases of naso-orbital trauma have been reviewed. There is a high incidence of associated injury to adjacent structures. Medial canthal ligament separation was missed acutely in a number of cases leading to the necessity of delayed repair. Important diagnostic and therapeutic points are stressed in the acute and delayed management, particularly medial canthal ligament separation. A wire to intranasal button technique for the delayed repair of traumatic telecanthus is presented.
Product Liability: The Potential Liability of the Advertising Agency (1975)

In the typical products liability action, there is generally a solvent manufacturer or seller from whom the injured party may recover. One could speculate that this is the major reason why no agency has ever been joined--but should not the agency be called to account where there is no other solvent defendant, or where other reasons prevent an effective action against the principles, or where justice demands a proper sharing of liability? The authors believe that this must be answered affirmatively, and that the potential for advertising agency liability does in fact exist.
The Equivalent Quantum Efficiency of the Photographic Process (1963)

AbstractTwo approaches to the formulation of equivalent quantum efficiency (EQE) are considered. The first, in terms of the Selwyn granularity coefficient, defines the EQE on a macroscopic scale, whereas the second, by the application of Fourier analysis, shows the spatial frequency dependence of the EQE. It is demonstrated that whereas the second approach is rigorous, the first is only valid when using scanning apertures large enough to maximize the Selwyn coefficient. The use of smoller apertures can lead to over optimistic values of EQE, and it is reasoned that some of the previously published values of EQE are in error on this account. The close relationship between EQE and information content is indicated.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Alumina Hollow Spheres (2008)

Novel size-tunable alumina hollow spheres were successfully prepared using colloidal carbon spheres as templates and aluminum nitrate as alumina source. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of the synthesis conditions such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and the concentration of Al(NO3)3 were studied. According to the experiment, the synthesized alumina hollow spheres with a narrow size distribution showed tunable shell thickness and uniform shell. The morphology of the alumina hollow spheres was influenced mainly by the reaction temperature.
A Clear Path to Small System Training (2002)

This article describes a program to assist regional operator groups in obtaining education and training that will result in improved utility operations, customer service, and a safe water supply. Called “CLEAR” (Coalitions for Learning, Education, and Assistance Regionally), the major objective of the program is to schedule sufficient numbers of regional meetings so that travel distances will be short, about 30 miles maximum one way. Locations for meetings are established by regional operator groups and can rotate from one utility to another. Established in 1997, CLEAR was created by the Wisconsin Water Association, a section of the American Water Works Association.
Contextual reconstruction of cloud-contaminated multitemporal multispectral images (2006)

The frequent presence of clouds in passive remotely sensed imagery severely limits its regular exploitation in various application fields. Thus, the removal of cloud cover from this imagery represents an important preprocessing task consisting in the reconstruction of cloud-contaminated data. The intent of this study is to propose two novel general methods for the reconstruction of areas obscured by clouds in a sequence of multitemporal multispectral images. Given a cloud-contaminated image of the sequence, each area of missing measurements is reconstructed through an unsupervised contextual prediction process that reproduces the local spectro-temporal relationships between the considered image and an opportunely selected subset of the remaining temporal images. In the first method, the contextual prediction process is implemented by means of an ensemble of linear predictors, each trained over a local multitemporal region that is spectrally homogeneous in each temporal image of the selected subset. In order to obtain such regions, each temporal image is locally classified by an unsupervised classifier based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. In the second method, the local spectro-temporal relationships are reproduced by a single nonlinear predictor based on the support vector machines (SVM) approach. To illustrate the performance of the two proposed methods, an experimental analysis on a sequence of three temporal images acquired by the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus sensor over a total period of four months is reported and discussed. It includes a detailed simulation study that aims at assessing with different reconstruction quality criteria the accuracy of the methods in different qualitative and quantitative cloud contamination conditions. Compared with two techniques based on compositing algorithms for cloud removal, the proposed methods show a clear superiority, which makes them a promising and useful tool in solving the considered problem, whose great complexity is commensurate with its practical importance.
Fuzzy systems are universal approximators (2003)

The author proves that fuzzy systems are universal approximators. The Stone-Weierstrass theorem is used to prove that fuzzy systems with product inference, centroid defuzzification, and a Gaussian membership function are capable of approximating any real continuous function on a compact set to arbitrary accuracy. This result can be viewed as an existence theorem of an optimal fuzzy system for a wide variety of problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple sodium-dependent nucleoside transport systems in bovine renal brush-border membrane vesicles (1991)

Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transport was examined in bovine renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Two separate Na+/nucleoside cotransporters were shown to be present: (1) a system specific for purine nucleosides and uridine, designated as the N1 carrier, and (2) an Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporter that accepts pyrimidine nucleosides, adenosine and analogues of adenosine, designated as the N2 system. Both systems exhibit a high affinity for nucleosides (apparent Km values approximately 10 microM), are insensitive to inhibition by facilitated-diffusion nucleoside transport inhibitors, are rheogenic and exhibit a high specificity for Na+. Na+ increases the affinity of the influx of guanosine and thymidine, nucleosides that serve as model permeants for the N1 and N2 nucleoside transporters respectively. The Na+/nucleoside coupling stoichiometry is consistent with 1:1 for both carriers.
Analysis of a PIN photodiode with integrated waveguide (1987)

The absorption coefficient of an InGaAs PIN photodiode integrated with an InGaAsP-InP waveguide is analysed by means of the mode-matching technique. The results compare excellently to published data for λ = 1.3 μm. It is shown that by an optimised device structure the absorption coefficient can be increased to about 0.15 dB/μm, enabling reduced detector length and smaller capacitance.
Methods for Biomimetic Remineralization of Human Dentine: A Systematic Review (2015)

This study aimed to review the laboratory methods on biomimetic remineralization of demineralized human dentine. A systematic search of the publications in the PubMed, TRIP, and Web of Science databases was performed. Titles and abstracts of initially identified publications were screened. Clinical trials, reviews, non-English articles, resin-dentine interface studies, hybrid layer studies, hybrid scaffolds studies, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The remaining papers were retrieved with full texts. Manual screening was conducted on the bibliographies of remaining papers to identify relevant articles. A total of 716 studies were found, and 690 were excluded after initial screening. Two articles were identified from the bibliographies of the remaining papers. After retrieving the full text, 23 were included in this systematic review. Sixteen studies used analogues to mimic the functions of non-collagenous proteins in biomineralization of dentine, and four studies used bioactive materials to induce apatite formation on demineralized dentine surface. One study used zinc as a bioactive element, one study used polydopamine, and another study constructed an agarose hydrogel system for biomimetic mineralization of dentine. Many studies reported success in biomimetic mineralization of dentine, including the use of non-collagenous protein analogues, bioactive materials, or elements and agarose hydrogel system.
Inhibition of Polymerization. I. Methyl Methacrylate<sup>*</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of Polymerization. I. Methyl Methacrylate*John L. KiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 24, 6274–6280Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01653a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (2014)

There is increasing evidence that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in individuals with unimpaired performance on cognitive tests may represent the first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The research on SCD in early AD, however, is limited by the absence of common standards. The working group of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) addressed this deficiency by reaching consensus on terminology and on a conceptual framework for research on SCD in AD. In this publication, research criteria for SCD in pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are presented. In addition, a list of core features proposed for reporting in SCD studies is provided, which will enable comparability of research across different settings. Finally, a set of features is presented, which in accordance with current knowledge, increases the likelihood of the presence of preclinical AD in individuals with SCD. This list is referred to as SCD plus.
Human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells support long-term proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and megakaryocytic progenitors (1995)

Endothelial cells are a major component of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment that regulate the trafficking and homing of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. In this paper, we provide evidence that BM endothelial cells (BMECs) also support multilineage hematopoiesis by elaboration of soluble cytokines. Hematopoietic progenitor cells incubated in direct contact with BMEC monolayers, or physically separated by microporous membrane, expanded five-fold to sevenfold at 7 days, in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Flow cytometric analysis of proliferating progenitor cells grown in the presence of BMEC monolayers showed that by day 14 of coculture, 70% to 80% of hematopoietic cells were myeloid, expressing CD15 or CD14, and 14% to 19% were megakaryocytic, expressing GPIIb/IIIa or GPIb. CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood, cultured in the upper chamber of transwell culture plates, as well as the cells grown in direct contact with BMEC monolayers, generated progenitors for up to 70 days. Unstimulated BMEC monolayers constitutively produce interleukin-6, Kit-ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These data suggest that BMEC regulate proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and long-term culture initiating cells by elaboration of lineage-specific cytokines.
Recent advances in hydrogen generation with chemical methods (2005)

Recent advances in hydrogen generation with chemical methods are reviewed. As an attractive alternative energy source, hydrogen energy has been studied widely and intensively. Among the three hydrogen generation modes, (1) with chemical methods (2) from electrolysis of water (3) by biologic methods, the first is the major method for mass production of hydrogen, in which catalysis reforming holds a large proportion of the total output. Along with the developments of fuel cell techniques, novel hydrogen generation techniques, such as hydrogen generation with biomasses, metals, solar energy or metal hydrides, have attracted more and more attention. These hydrogen generation techniques have a promising future in the coming hydrogen age, accompanied with the R&D of fuel cells and hydrogen engines.
High-Temperature Falling Particle Receiver Project Overview. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
The mechanism of lightning attraction and the problem of lightning initiation by lasers (2000)

Physical processes determining the ability of lightning to change its trajectory by choosing high constructions to strike are discussed. The leader mechanism of lightning propagation is explained. The criterion for a viable ascending (upward) leader to originate from a construction is established. The mechanism of the weak long-distance interaction between the ascending counter leader originating from a grounded construction and the descending (downward) leader from a cloud is analyzed. Current problems concerning lightning protection and lightning triggering by a laser spark are discussed, the latter being of special interest owing to a recent successful experiment along this line.
Rapid Pathogenesis Induced by a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein Mutant: Viral Pathogenesis Is Linked to Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (2006)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matrix (M) protein blocks host mRNA export from the nucleus and thereby inhibits interferon induction in infected cells. M mutants with mutations of methionine 51 (M51) lack this shutoff function. We examined pathogenesis of a VSV M mutant with a deletion of M51 (VSVDeltaM51) after intranasal infection of BALB/c mice and found an unexpected phenotype. Mice that received VSVDeltaM51 experienced a more rapid but overall less severe weight loss than mice that received the recombinant wild-type VSV (rwtVSV). Rapid weight loss was not explained by faster initial replication because VSVDeltaM51 replication was controlled faster than rwtVSV replication in the lungs and did not spread systemically like rwtVSV. This faster control of VSVDeltaM51 correlated with a more rapid induction of interferon in the lung. Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with weight loss, we examined TNF-alpha induction in mice infected with rwtVSV or VSVDeltaM51. We found more-rapid induction of TNF-alpha by the mutant at early times after infection, while rwtVSV induced more TNF-alpha later in infection. This result suggested that TNF-alpha induction might explain both the rapid weight loss caused by the mutant and the overall greater weight loss caused by the rwtVSV. Using TNF-alpha knockout mice (C57BL/6 background), we showed that weight loss following rwtVSV infection was greatly reduced in the absence of TNF-alpha. Although the rapid weight loss caused by VSVDeltaM51 was less pronounced in C57BL/6 mice, it was eliminated in the absence of TNF-alpha. These results indicate a role for TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of VSV.
Modulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release and Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillations in HeLa cells and fibroblasts by mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uniporter stimulation (2007)

The recent availability of activators of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter allows direct testing of the influence of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake on the overall Ca(2+) homeostasis of the cell. We show here that activation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake by 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT) or kaempferol stimulates histamine-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that this effect is enhanced if the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger is simultaneously inhibited with CGP37157. This suggests that both Ca(2+) uptake and release from mitochondria control the ability of local Ca(2+) microdomains to produce feedback inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)Rs). In addition, the ability of mitochondria to control Ca(2+) release from the ER allows them to modulate cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations. In histamine stimulated HeLa cells and human fibroblasts, both PPT and kaempferol initially stimulated and later inhibited oscillations, although kaempferol usually induced a more prolonged period of stimulation. Both compounds were also able to induce the generation of Ca(2+) oscillations in previously silent fibroblasts. Our data suggest that cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations are exquisitely sensitive to the rates of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and release, which precisely control the size of the local Ca(2+) microdomains around InsP(3)Rs and thus the ability to produce feedback activation or inhibition of Ca(2+) release.
Incorporation of Cyano Transition Metal Complexes in KCl Crystals—Experimental and Computational Studies (2003)

Experimental and computational studies of the incorporation of hexacyanoferrate( II ), hexacyanocobaltate( III ), and hexacyanoferrate( III ) into potassium chloride crystals are described. The experimental results showed that the extent of incorporation follows the trend hexacyanoferrate( II ) » hexacyanoferrate( III ) &gt; hexacyanocobaltate( III ). Computational modelling produced replacement energies that match the experimental trend. The calculated geometry of the incorporated complexes was also found to match well with previous experimental results.
Renin-angiotensin system and atherothrombotic disease: from genes to treatment. (2003)

The renin-angiotensin system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. At the molecular and cellular levels, angiotensin II, the main effector peptide of the system, stimulates key components of atherosclerosis. Trials in animals and humans indicate that blocking renin-angiotensin system pathways decreases atherosclerotic plaque progression and ischemic events. This review provides a broad overview of the entire role of the renin-angiotensin system in atherothrombotic disease, ranging from molecular pathways to human genetics to the latest clinical trials.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized silver nanoparticles for bioanalytical applications of SERS spectroscopy (2009)

The present work depicts the efficient one-step synthesis and detailed evaluation of stable aqueous colloids of silver nanoparticles (NPs) coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) covalently attached to their surface. Due to steric repulsion between polymer-modified surfaces, the stability of the nanoparticle suspension was preserved even at high ionic strength (0.1 M NaCl). At the same time, the PEG coating remains sufficiently permeable to allow surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from micromolar concentrations of small molecules such as the anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTX). The enhancement efficiency of the hot spot-free Ag-PEG was compared to that of citrate-stabilized Ag colloids used after pre-aggregation. The potential of the polymer-stabilized colloids developed in this study is discussed in terms of bioanalytical applications of SERS spectroscopy.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia: A Comparison Between Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Patients with Other Immunodeficiencies (1984)

Clinical features of 49 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared with those of 39 episodes in patients with other immunosuppressive diseases. At presentation patients with the syndrome were found to have a longer median duration of symptoms (28 days versus 5 days, p = 0.0001), lower mean respiratory rate (23.4 versus 30, p = 0.005), and higher median room air arterial oxygen tension (69 mm Hg versus 52 mm Hg, p = 0.0002). The survival rate from 1979 to 1983 was similar for the two groups (57% and 50% respectively). Patients with the syndrome had a higher incidence of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (22 of 34 versus 2 of 17, p = 0.0007). Survivors with the syndrome at initial presentation had a significantly lower respiratory rate, and higher room air arterial oxygen tension, lymphocyte count, and serum albumin level compared to nonsurvivors. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presents as a more insidious disease process in patients with the syndrome, and drug therapy in these patients is complicated by frequent adverse reactions.