gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Strontium-Substituted Tricalcium Aluminate Ca <i>3-</i> <i> <i>x</i> </i> Sr <i> <i>x</i> </i> Al <i>2</i> O <i>6</i> (2000)

A series of 27 oxides of the type Ca3– x Sr x Al2O6, 3 £ x £ 0, were prepared as polycrystalline powders. The compounds are isostructural with Ca3Al2O6, space group Pa 3–, and their structures were refined from powder neutron and/or X-ray diffraction data by using the Rietveld method. The evolution of Ca/Sr site occupancies, with x , was determined. It was found that the Ca and Sr cations display strong site selectivity, the smaller Ca 2+ cations preferentially occupying the six-coordinate sites. The relationship between the observed structures and the reactivity of Ca3Al 2 O6 in Portland cement is discussed.
Nanoparticle-Based Biobarcode Amplification Assay (BCA) for Sensitive and Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Type 1 Capsid (p24) Antigen (2007)

Nanotechnology-based techniques are being widely evaluated in medical testing and could provide a new generation of diagnostic assays due to their high degrees of sensitivity, high specificity, multiplexing capabilities, and ability to operate without enzymes. In this article, we have modified a nanoparticle-based biobarcode amplification (BCA) assay for early and sensitive detection of HIV-1 capsid (p24) antigen by using antip24 antibody-coated microplates to capture viral antigen (p24) and streptavidin-coated nanoparticle-based biobarcode DNAs for signal amplification, followed by detection using a chip-based scanometric method. The modified BCA assay exhibited a linear dose-dependent pattern within the detection range of 0.1 to 500 pg/ml and was approximately 150-fold more sensitive than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No false positive results were observed in 30 HIV-1-negative samples, while all 45 HIV-1 RNA positive samples were found HIV-1 p24 antigen positive by the BCA assay. In addition, the BCA assay detected HIV-1 infection 3 days earlier than ELISA in seroconversion samples. Preliminary evaluation based on testing a small number of samples indicates that the HIV-1 p24 antigen BCA may provide a new tool for sensitive and early detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen in settings where HIV-1 RNA testing is currently not routinely performed.
THE RESISTANCE OF HAIR TO CERTAIN SUPPOSED GROWTH STIMULANTS (1923)

There is a popular belief, apparently shared by not a few physicians, that the amount of hair growth is readily influenced by external factors. For example, it is commonly supposed that cutting the hair makes it grow better, that cold cream is likely to cause an excess development of hair, and that sunburn and tan are also very favorable to hair growth. It is difficult to find in the literature records of definitely controlled data either in support or in refutation of such views. This study was undertaken for the purpose of testing the validity of some of these current ideas. Suitable material for such tests must necessarily be living persons, and I am greatly indebted to several friends who willingly acted as subjects and thus made the study possible. <h3>NORMAL RATE OF GROWTH</h3> It was necessary at the start to have some information as to the normal character and
Total Nutrient Admixtures (3‐in‐1) (2015)

Total nutrient admixture (TNA) is a complete parenteral nutrition (PN) formulation composed of all macronutrients, including dextrose, amino acids, and intravenous fat emulsions (IVFE), in one bag. The TNA may be safely administered to the patient, with all components aseptically compounded and minimal administration manipulation required, lending itself to decreases in risks of catheter contamination and patient infections. The TNA is compatible and stable at recommended concentrations, and since the IVFE is in the TNA, it is infused at slower rates, allowing for better fat clearance. The TNA offers convenience of administration and a potential cost savings to the healthcare institution both directly and indirectly. Unfortunately, the TNA is not without concerns. At low macronutrient concentrations (lower than recommended), the formulation is compromised. Greater divalent and monovalent cation amounts and increased concentrations of phosphate and calcium may destabilize the TNA or result in precipitation, respectively. With the addition of IVFE in the TNA, catheter occlusion is greater and larger pore size filters are necessary, resulting in less microbial elimination. Determining if the implementation of the TNA is appropriate for an institution requires a recognition of the advantages and disadvantages of the TNA as well as an understanding of the institution's patient population and their nutrition requirements.
Society of Surgical Oncology–American Society for Radiation Oncology Consensus Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Irradiation in Stages I and II Invasive Breast Cancer (2014)

The use of no ink on tumor as the standard for an adequate margin in invasive cancer in the era of multidisciplinary therapy is associated with low rates of IBTR and has the potential to decrease re-excision rates, improve cosmetic outcomes, and decrease health care costs. J Clin Oncol 32. 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology®, American Society for Radiation Oncology®, and Society of Surgical Oncology®. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and Society of Surgical Oncology.
Time-Resolved Long-Lived Luminescence Imaging Method Employing Luminescent Lanthanide Probes with a New Microscopy System (2007)

Superior fluorescence imaging methods are needed for detailed studies on biological phenomena, and one approach that permits precise analyses is time-resolved fluorescence measurement, which offers a high signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we describe a new fluorescence imaging system to visualize biomolecules within living biological samples by means of time-resolved, long-lived luminescence microscopy (TRLLM). In TRLLM, short-lived background fluorescence and scattered light are gated out, allowing the long-lived luminescence to be selectively imaged. Usual time-resolved fluorescence microscopy provides fluorescence images with nanosecond resolution and has been used to image interactions between proteins, protein phosphorylation, the local pH, the refractive index, ion or oxygen concentrations, etc. Luminescent lanthanide complexes (especially europium and terbium trivalent ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+)), in contrast, have long luminescence lifetimes on the order of milliseconds. We have designed and synthesized new luminescent Eu3+ complexes for TRLLM and also developed a new TRLLM system using a conventional fluorescence microscope with an image intensifier unit for gated signal acquisition and a xenon flash lamp as the excitation source. When the newly developed luminescent Eu3+ complexes were applied to living cells, clear fluorescence images were acquired with the TRLLM system, and short-lived fluorescence was completely excluded. By using Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescent complexes in combination, time-resolved dual-color imaging was also possible. Furthermore, we monitored changes of intracellular ionic zinc (Zn2+) concentration by using a Zn2+-selective luminescent Eu3+ chemosensor, [Eu-7]. This new imaging technique should facilitate investigations of biological functions with fluorescence microscopy, complementing other fluorescence imaging methodologies.
Clinical Efficacy of EH0202, a Kampo Formula, on the Health of Middle-Aged Women (2004)

To investigate the clinical effects of EH0202, a Japanese herbal supplement, on the menopausal symptoms and physical status of peri- and post-menopausal women. Thirty-two post-menopausal women (53.0+/-5.1 years) presented with menopausal complaints were enrolled in the clinical study. Patients were administered an herbal supplement, EH0202 (6 g/day for 6 months), and were assessed for improvement of their overall symptoms using the Greene Climacteric Scale and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Blood pressure, skin surface blood flow and plasma lipid profiles were measured before and 1,3 and 6 months after EH0202 administration. There was a significant decrease in the climacteric scale score (P < 0.001) and VAS (P < 0.0001) after 6 months of EH0202 treatment. There was a significant decrease in systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.05) blood pressure, and a significant decrease in facial skin surface blood flow (P < 0.05) after 3 months of EH0202 administration. We observed a significant decrease in plasma TG and LDL-cholesterol concentrations after 3 months of EH0202 administration (P < 0.05). EH0202 (MACH) reduced blood pressure, excess facial skin blood flow (flushing) and abnormal lipid levels, as well as clinically improved menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women, this product appears to help maintain normal biological function and improves quality of life.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of <i>p</i> <i>n</i> junctions formed by ion implantation (1991)

Results of scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements of 〈100〉 n- and p-type silicon are reported. Measurements were made in air on surfaces with a native oxide. Different I/V characteristics were observed for differently doped samples, indicating that the surfaces were unpinned. Images are presented of pn junctions formed by the implantation of phosphorus into boron doped Si wafers. The pn junction, or the boundary between implant and substrate regions, was observed in both constant current and constant height scans. The junction was imaged with 125 Å point-to-point resolution.
Looktel&#x2014;A comprehensive platform for computer-aided visual assistance (2010)

We present an extensible platform that integrates state of the art computer vision techniques with mobile communications to deliver a portable visual assistance tool. Live input video from a mobile smartphone is streamed over a 3G or wireless connection while an object recognition engine on a desktop processes the data stream. Recognition results are returned in real-time to the mobile device and announced by a text-to-speech engine. The system design is complete and includes the ability to add new items, share databases, and provide live remote human sighted assistance.
Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid-targeted overexpression of cyclin D1 in transgenic mice (2001)

The relationship between abnormal cell proliferation and aberrant control of hormonal secretion is a fundamental and poorly understood issue in endocrine cell neoplasia. Transgenic mice with parathyroid-targeted overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene, modeling a gene rearrangement found in human tumors, were created to determine whether a primary defect in this cell-cycle regulator can cause an abnormal relationship between serum calcium and parathyroid hormone response, as is typical of human primary hyperparathyroidism. We also sought to develop an animal model of hyperparathyroidism and to examine directly cyclin D1's role in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Parathyroid hormone gene regulatory region--cyclin D1 (PTH--cyclin D1) mice not only developed abnormal parathyroid cell proliferation, but also developed chronic biochemical hyperparathyroidism with characteristic abnormalities in bone and, notably, a shift in the relationship between serum calcium and PTH. Thus, this animal model of human primary hyperparathyroidism provides direct experimental evidence that overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene can drive excessive parathyroid cell proliferation and that this proliferative defect need not occur solely as a downstream consequence of a defect in parathyroid hormone secretory control by serum calcium, as had been hypothesized. Instead, primary deregulation of cell-growth pathways can cause both the hypercellularity and abnormal control of hormonal secretion that are almost inevitably linked together in this common disorder.
Exploring vs exploiting: Enhanced distributed cognitive coexistence of 802.15.4 with 802.11 (2008)

Thanks to recent advances in wireless technology, a broad range of standards are currently emerging. Interoperability and coexistence between these heterogeneous networks are becoming key issues, which require new adaptation strategies to avoid harmful interference. In this paper, we focus on the coexistence of 802.11 WLANs and 802.15.4 sensor networks in the ISM band. These networks have very different transmission characteristics that result in asymmetric interference patterns. We propose distributed adaptation strategies for 802.15.4 nodes to minimize the impact of the 802.11 interference. This interference varies in time, frequency and space and the sensor nodes adapt by changing their frequency channel over time. The proposed strategies use adaptive simulated annealing and find a proper balance between exploration and exploitation.
Improved Total Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Arenastatin A, a Potent Cytotoxic Spongean Depsipeptide. (1995)

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of a cyclic depsipeptide arenastatis A (1) is described. 1, isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea arenaria, exhibited extremely potent cytotoxicity with IC50 of pg/ml for KB cells, and in this context the structure-activity relationship among several stereoisomers of 1 and allied compounds has also been examined.
Repair of DNA strand gaps and nicks containing 3'-phosphate and 5'- hydroxyl termini by purified mammalian enzymes (1998)

A putative role for mammalian polynucleotide kinases that possess both 5'-phosphotransferase and 3'-phosphatase activity is the restoration of DNA strand breaks with 5'-hydroxyl termini or 3'-phosphate termini, or both, to a form that supports the subsequent action of DNA repair polymerases and DNA ligases, i.e. 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini. To further assess this possibility, we compared the activity of the 3'-phosphatase of purified calf thymus polynucleotide kinase towards a variety of substrates. The rate of removal of 3'-phosphate groups from nicked or short (1 nt) gapped sites in double-stranded DNA was observed to be similar to that of 3'-phosphate groups from single-stranded substrates. Thus this activity of polynucleotide kinase does not appear to be influenced by steric accessibility of the phosphate group. We subsequently demonstrated that the concerted reactions of polynucleotide kinase and purified human DNA ligase I could efficiently repair DNA nicks possessing 3'-phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini, and similarly the combination of these two enzymes together with purified rat DNA polymerase beta could seal a strand break with a 1 nt gap. With a substrate containing a nick bounded by 3'- and 5'-OH termini, the rate of gap filling by polymerase beta was significantly enhanced in the presence of polynucleotide kinase and ATP, indicating the positive influence of 5'-phosphorylation. The reaction was further enhanced by addition of DNA ligase I to the reaction mixture. This is due, at least in part, to an enhancement by DNA ligase I of the rate of 5'-phosphorylation catalyzed by polynucleotide kinase.
Thermal adaptation analyzed by comparison of protein sequences from mesophilic and extremely thermophilic<i>Methanococcus</i>species (1999)

The genome sequence of the extremely thermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii provides a wealth of data on proteins from a thermophile. In this paper, sequences of 115 proteins from M. jannaschii are compared with their homologs from mesophilic Methanococcus species. Although the growth temperatures of the mesophiles are about 50 degrees C below that of M. jannaschii, their genomic G+C contents are nearly identical. The properties most correlated with the proteins of the thermophile include higher residue volume, higher residue hydrophobicity, more charged amino acids (especially Glu, Arg, and Lys), and fewer uncharged polar residues (Ser, Thr, Asn, and Gln). These are recurring themes, with all trends applying to 83-92% of the proteins for which complete sequences were available. Nearly all of the amino acid replacements most significantly correlated with the temperature change are the same relatively conservative changes observed in all proteins, but in the case of the mesophile/thermophile comparison there is a directional bias. We identify 26 specific pairs of amino acids with a statistically significant (P < 0.01) preferred direction of replacement.
Peripheral neuropathy associated with simvastatin. (1995)

Four patients are described who developed sensorimotor neuropathy while being treated with simvastatin and had complete or partial resolution of clinical abnormalities after withdrawal of treatment. In one case onset was within days of commencing treatment, but in two cases symptoms did not develop for two years. The electrophysiological and pathological features of the neuropathy were those of axonal degeneration. Clinical evidence of proximal and distal weakness and muscle fasciculations and persistent abnormalities of sensory conduction after recovery suggest the possibility of toxic damage to anterior horn cells and dorsal root ganglia. Thirty eight other cases with symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy have been reported to the Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee, 22 of whom recovered after cessation of treatment; in five cases there was recurrence after re-exposure to the drug. Simvastatin should be considered among the causes of peripheral neuropathy, and the drug should be withdrawn if patients receiving it develop muscle weakness or sensory disturbances.
Estimation of Hydrocarbon Viscosity with Multiple <i>TE</i> Dual Wait-Time MRIL Logs (1998)

Abstract In this paper, we report a successful example of using multiple TE dual wait-time (TW) log acquisitions for quantitative characterization of San Jorge Basin reservoir oil viscosity. Previously, dual TW logs have been used to separate gas and oil, while dual TE logs have been used as a qualitative light oil indicator. Although theoretically simple, quantitative determination of viscosity from dual TE logs is complicated by several factors, including poor signal-to-noise ratio, difficulties in separating oil from water, and the uncertainty of internal gradient strength. We used multiple TE acquisitions of dual TW logs to isolate the oil from the water signal. The values of viscosity of the reservoir fluids can be estimated from three NMR properties: intrinsic T2, apparent T2, and T1. All three approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Since T1estimates are not affected by diffusion, the uncertainty in the internal field gradient has no effect on T1-based viscosity. However, T1 is difficult to estimate because it relies on small differences in the dual TW echo data. In estimation of the apparent T2, we used a model that does not explicitly require knowledge of the internal gradient, thereby minimizing the effects arising from the uncertainty of the internal and tool gradient strengths. Since T1 and intrinsic T2 are estimated independently, the degree of agreement between the two values provides an indication of the reliability of the two estimates. The method has been used successfully in San Jorge Basin, Argentina. Three values of TE, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 ms were used and a dual TW log was acquired for each TE. The data were analyzed without need for other geological information or log data from other logging tools. To complicate the matter, previous NMR core analysis of the core plugs cut from another well in San Jorge Basin showed great porosity and permeability variations. Furthermore, no reliable reservoir fluid measurements were available. Thus, interpretation was based only on the NMR log data. The four zones selected for this study were thought to contain heavy, viscous oil. However, our analysis indicated that the viscosity values of the oil are less than 5 cP. Our predictions have been substantiated by production of light hydrocarbons from the three zones that have been perforated. Further, viscosity measurements on the reservoir fluid from one of the three zones is 2.6 cP, which is in good agreement with the NMR-derived estimate of 3.3 cP.
Measuring network security using dynamic bayesian network (2008)

Given the increasing dependence of our societies on networked information systems, the overall security of these systems should be measured and improved. Existing security metrics have generally focused on measuring individual vulnerabilities without considering their combined effects. Our previous work tackle this issue by exploring the causal relationships between vulnerabilities encoded in an attack graph. However, the evolving nature of vulnerabilities and networks has largely been ignored. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs)-based model to incorporate temporal factors, such as the availability of exploit codes or patches. Starting from the model, we study two concrete cases to demonstrate the potential applications. This novel model provides a theoretical foundation and a practical framework for continuously measuring network security in a dynamic environment.
Automated Flower Classification over a Large Number of Classes (2008)

We investigate to what extent combinations of features can improve classification performance on a large dataset of similar classes. To this end we introduce a 103 class flower dataset. We compute four different features for the flowers, each describing different aspects, namely the local shape/texture, the shape of the boundary, the overall spatial distribution of petals, and the colour. We combine the features using a multiple kernel framework with a SVM classifier. The weights for each class are learnt using the method of Varma and Ray, which has achieved state of the art performance on other large dataset, such as Caltech 101/256. Our dataset has a similar challenge in the number of classes, but with the added difficulty of large between class similarity and small within class similarity. Results show that learning the optimum kernel combination of multiple features vastly improves the performance, from 55.1% for the best single feature to 72.8% for the combination of all features.
[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. (2013)

The new version of the GOLD document on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), introduces a profound change in the stratification of the patients. In addition to the level of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the new stratification also includes the level of daily symptoms, in particular dyspnoea, and the history of exacerbations. This review describes this stratification and the treatment of stable COPD according to the GOLD document. It focuses on early diagnosis, smoking cessation, rehabilitation and medical treatment.
Improved chemiluminescent DNA sequencing. (1991)

A new chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane substrate, CSPD, shows improved performance over AMPPD when used in our nonisotopic method for DNA sequencing. CSPD differs from AMPPD by the addition of a chlorine atom to the adamantyl group that limits the amount of aggregation of the dioxetane and its dephosphorylated anion. This results in a shorter time elapsing before reaching steady state light emission when detecting nucleic acids on nylon membrane. An additional advantage of CSPD over AMPPD is that the resolution of imaged DNA bands does not degrade over time. These features of CSPD permit rapid acquisition of high-quality DNA sequence data.