gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia in Early Clinical Head Injury (2004)

Antemortem demonstration of ischemia has proved elusive in head injury because regional CBF reductions may represent hypoperfusion appropriately coupled to hypometabolism. Fifteen patients underwent positron emission tomography within 24 hours of head injury to map cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). We estimated the volume of ischemic brain (IBV) and used the standard deviation of the OEF distribution to estimate the efficiency of coupling between CBF and CMRO2. The IBV in patients was significantly higher than controls (67 +/- 69 vs. 2 +/- 3 mL; P < 0.01). The coexistence of relative ischemia and hyperemia in some patients implies mismatching of perfusion to oxygen use. Whereas the saturation of jugular bulb blood (SjO2) correlated with the IBV (r = 0.8, P < 0.01), SjO2 values of 50% were only achieved at an IBV of 170 +/- 63 mL (mean +/- 95% CI), which equates to 13 +/- 5% of the brain. Increases in IBV correlated with a poor Glasgow Outcome Score 6 months after injury (rho = -0.6, P < 0.05). These results suggest significant ischemia within the first day after head injury. The ischemic burden represented by this "traumatic penumbra" is poorly detected by bedside clinical monitors and has significant associations with outcome.
Interaction of Calreticulin with Protein Disulfide Isomerase (1995)

We report here that calreticulin interacts with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The PDI-calreticulin complex can be dissociated by Zn(2+)-iminodiacetate-substituted Sepharose-agarose chromatography, suggesting that these interactions may be Zn2+-dependent. Direct interaction between calreticulin and PDI is also documented by calreticulin affinity chromatography. PDI was the only pancreatic microsomal protein retained on the calreticulum affinity column. Calreticulin and PDI were identified by their NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, mobilities in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, binding of 45Ca2+, and their reactivity with specific antibodies. Using glutathione S-transferase-calreticulin fusion proteins, we show that PDI interacts strongly with the P-domain and only weakly with the N-domain of calreticulin. Expression of calreticulin domains and PDI as fusion proteins with GAL4 in the yeast two-hybrid system revealed that calreticulin interacted with PDI also under normal cellular conditions. Interaction with PDI required only the NH2-terminal region of the N-domain (amino acid residues 1-83) and the P-domain (amino acid residues 150-240) of calreticulin. Importantly, interaction between calreticulin and PDI led to the modulation of their activities. In the presence of PDI, calreticulin does not bind Ca2+ with high affinity. Calreticulin or the N-domain of calreticulin inhibited PDI ability to refold scrambled RNase A.
Small area parallel Chien search architectures for long BCH codes (2004)

To implement parallel BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem) decoders in an area-efficient manner, this paper presents a novel group matching scheme to reduce the Chien search hardware complexity by 60% for BCH(2047, 1926, 23) code as opposed to only 26% if directly applying the iterative matching algorithm. The proposed scheme exploits the substructure sharing within a finite field multiplier (FFM) and among groups of FFMs.
Hybrid Approach for Power System Operational Planning With Smart Grid and Small-Signal Stability Enhancement Considerations (2013)

Operational planning of power systems, especially in terms of overall reliability and security, is a key issue in the smart grid development. Hence, it is necessary to develop new strategies to cope with increasing uncertainties arising from the fast changing ways power systems are being operated. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to determine an optimal transmission network expansion plan considering the enhancement of small-signal stability through wide-scale deployment of the existing and planned transmission system assets. The dynamic model of the transmission network operational planning (TNOP) is solved based on a combination of the Mean-Variance Mapping Optimization (MVMO), and the classic dynamic programming method embedded with a heuristic procedure. Besides, a probabilistic eigenanalysis-based recursive method is proposed to determine the optimal control strategies that are highly relevant to the enhancement of the system small-signal stability performance throughout the planning horizon. Numerical results demonstrate the viewpoint and the effectiveness of the proposed approach in providing optimal strategies of minimum cost while avoiding the instability risk associated to poorly damped low-frequency electromechanical oscillations.
In Vitro 상에서 인 이온 존재 하에서의 칼슘 용해도를 증대시키는 펩티드의 생산 (1997)

옥수수 글루텐을 식물성 효소인 파파인으로 가수분해하여 글루덴 펩타이드를 생산하였다. 생산된 글루텐 펩타이드류는 인이온 존재 하에서 인이온과 칼슘이온과의 침전형성을 방지하여 칼슘의 용해성을 증진시켰다. 칼슘이온의 용해도는 8.3㎎의 펩타이드 존재시 대조구에 비해 5.2배 증대되었다. 산성 아미노산의 함량이 매우 높은 이들 펩타이드류를 Delta pak 칼럼을 이용하여 분획하였으며 이들 분획가운데 3번째 분획이 가장 높은 칼슘 용해성을 보였다.
Modeling and Simulation of Multiphysics Systems (2005)

Abstract A survey on the evolution of modeling and simulation (M&S) technologies related to multiphysics systems is presented. The concept of a context space for M&S is defined in terms of coexisting fields, domains of interaction, length scales, and computational technologies. Past and present efforts comprising this context space are described as well as their relationship to product development [i.e., efforts of ASME’s Computer and Information in Engineering (CIE) division]. A retrospective of general procedures for developing multifield and multidomain formulations is elucidated for the case fluid-structure interaction pertaining to linear and nonlinear aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity as they mostly relate to aerospace applications. Multiscale methodologies and computational technologies associated with M&S generation follow. The evolution of computational and information technologies are also described as they relate to multiphysics M&S. Future potential trends associated with all of these areas conclude this work.
Accelerated heartbeat protocols (2002)

Heartbeat protocols are used by distributed programs to ensure that if a process in a program terminates or fails, then the remaining processes in the program terminate. We present a class of heartbeat protocols that tolerate message loss. In these protocols, a root process periodically sends a beat message to every other process then waits to receive a reply beat message from every other process. If the root process does not receive a reply (possibly due to message loss), the root process reduces by half the period for sending beat messages. We show that in practical situations, the parameters of these protocols can be chosen to achieve a good compromise between three contradictory objectives: reduce the rate of sending beat messages, reduce the detection delay, and still keep the probability of premature termination small.
Parametric Reliability of 6T-SRAM Core Cell Arrays (2012)

The increasing integration density of microelectronic circuits results in aging mechanisms, some of them shifting the parameters of MOS transistors during lifetime. This work focuses on the impact of these parametrical degradation mechanisms on Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) arrays. First, the impact of each effect on single SRAM cells was simulated. Because of presently non-sufficient simulation models, these results had to be confirmed and completed by measurements. By using novel measurement techniques which were developed within this work, the impact of the worst effect on large-scale SRAM arrays could be examined for the first time. The most critical scenarios during lifetime could be identified. Finally, a comparison of known countermeasures was performed in order to choose the most promising methods.
Is Backside the New Backdoor in Modern SoCs?: Invited Paper (2019)

Modern integrated circuits (ICs) possess several countermeasures to safeguard sensitive data and information stored in the device. In recent years, semi-invasive physical attacks based on optical debugging techniques have proven to be capable of easily bypassing these security measures implemented in the chip. Optical attacks can reveal the data stored in memory, cache and register through various methods such as photon emission analysis, laser fault injection, laser voltage probing, and thermal laser stimulation. The above-mentioned methods, which employ laser scanning microscopy and photon emission microscopy, are effective because the silicon substrate is transparent to near-infrared (NIR) photons. Therefore, the most vulnerable part of an IC to optical attacks is the backside, where the chip's transistors can be accessed and probed with a NIR laser beam. Although different optical attack detection and avoidance mechanisms have been proposed, many can be circumvented and none are universal solutions for all types of optical attacks. In this study, we present a taxonomy of the different types of optical attacks and the security threats posed by each type. Then we discuss the existing prevention-detection based solutions to optical probing attacks which will set the future research direction.
Plasticization of corn gluten meal and characterization of the blends (1999)

Abstract Corn gluten meal has thermoplastic properties enhanced by it's high zein content. The addition of an efficient plasticizer is necessary to lower the glass transition temperature. Homogeneous blends of plasticizer and corn gluten meal can be obtained either by a wet mixing technique or by compounding the two substances in an heated batch mixer. The resulting raw material is suitable for “thermoplastic forming” of low cost biomaterials.
Cysteine‐scanning mutagenesis study of the sixth transmembrane segment of the Na,K‐ATPase α subunit (2002)

The accessibility of the residues of the sixth transmembrane segment (TM) of the Bufo marinus Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit was explored by cysteine scanning mutagenesis. Methanethiosulfonate reagents reached only the two most extracellular positions (T803, D804) in the native conformation of the Na,K-pump. Palytoxin induced a conductance in all mutants, including D811C, T814C and D815C which showed no active electrogenic transport. After palytoxin treatment, four additional positions (V805, L808, D811 and M816) became accessible to the sulfhydryl reagent. We conclude that one side of the sixth TM helix forms a wall of the palytoxin-induced channel pore and, probably, of the cation pathway from the extracellular side to one of their binding sites.
Efficient authentication for users autonomy in Next Generation All-IP networks (2007)

Next generation networks (NGNs) provide multimedia services to mobile users through different access networks that facilitate users autonomy. The security architecture of NGNs specifies that a WLAN user must follow a multi-pass authentication and key agreement (AKA) procedure in order to get access to the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) services. This paper proposes an improved one-pass AKA procedure for NGNs that reduces significantly the authentication overhead compared to the multi-pass, without compromising the provided security services. A communication cost analysis is provided that estimates the cost improvement of the proposed one-pass over the multi-pass AKA authentication procedure. The proposed procedure has minimal impact on the network infrastructure and functionality and does not require any changes to the existing authentication protocols.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Data Transmission Format Based on Ajax Applications (2011)

In order to shorten the response time from Ajax real-time applications as far as possible, the client can get data from server timely and users can obtain timelier and more quickly real-time information. Choosing proper data transmission format can effectively shorten the analyzing time, reduce data file redundancy, and bring much convenience to system development and maintenance. Experiments show that when analyzing JSON type data objects, the computer spend less time than XML data type and more time than HTML fragments, but with low file redundancy and more convenience for programming and maintaining. So in some cases, use JSON data type as transmission type will bring faster user experience, and cost on development and maintenance also can be reduced.
Survey on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (2019)

Abstract Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is the main method to solve multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), which has become one of the hottest research areas of evolutionary computation. This paper surveys the development of MOEA and its research status, classifies it into four categories, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms, and summarizes the main application fields of MOEA. Finally several viewpoints for the future research of MOEA are presented.
Rχ-01, a New Family of Oxazolidinones That Overcome Ribosome-Based Linezolid Resistance (2008)

New and improved antibiotics are urgently needed to combat the ever-increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we characterized several members of a new oxazolidinone family, R chi-01. This antibiotic family is distinguished by having in vitro and in vivo activity against hospital-acquired, as well as community-acquired, pathogens. We compared the 50S ribosome binding affinity of this family to that of the only marketed oxazolidinone antibiotic, linezolid, using chloramphenicol and puromycin competition binding assays. The competition assays demonstrated that several members of the R chi-01 family displace, more effectively than linezolid, compounds known to bind to the ribosomal A site. We also monitored binding by assessing whether R chi-01 compounds protect U2585 (Escherichia coli numbering), a nucleotide that influences peptide bond formation and peptide release, from chemical modification by carbodiimide. The R chi-01 oxazolidinones were able to inhibit translation of ribosomes isolated from linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at submicromolar concentrations. This improved binding corresponds to greater antibacterial activity against linezolid-resistant enterococci. Consistent with their ribosomal A-site targeting and greater potency, the R chi-01 compounds promote nonsense suppression and frameshifting to a greater extent than linezolid. Importantly, the gain in potency does not impact prokaryotic specificity as, like linezolid, the members of the R chi-01 family show translation 50% inhibitory concentrations that are at least 100-fold higher for eukaryotic than for prokaryotic ribosomes. This new family of oxazolidinones distinguishes itself from linezolid by having greater intrinsic activity against linezolid-resistant isolates and may therefore offer clinicians an alternative to overcome linezolid resistance. A member of the R chi-01 family of compounds is currently undergoing clinical trials.
Speckle imaging of satellites at the US Air Force Maui Optical Station (1992)

Results are presented from a series of experiments in which the U.S. Air Force Maui Optical Station's 1.6-m telescope and a bare CCD speckle camera system were used to image satellites at distances of up to 1000 km. A brief overview of the image reconstruction algorithms is presented. The choice of the experiment site and various imaging parameters are described. Power spectra and power spectral signal-to-noise ratio curves that result from imaging several point stars are compared with theory. Reconstructed images of several binary stars are shown as a base-line assessment of our technique. High-quality image reconstructions of an Earth-satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, are presented. The results confirm that speckle imaging techniques can be used with a bare CCD imaging system to provide a powerful and flexible method for imaging objects of moderate magnitude.
Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) solution behavior in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, CHF<sub>3</sub>, and CHClF<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Abstract Cloud point and solution density data between 20 and 100°C and pressures to 3000 bar are presented for poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA x , where the molar concentration of glycolide in the backbone x ranges from 0 to 50 mol %) in supercritical CO 2 , CHClF 2 , and CHF 3 . PLA dissolves in CO 2 at pressures near 1400 bar, in CHF 3 at pressures of 500 to 750 bar, and in CHClF 2 at pressures of 20–100 bar. As glycolide (GA) is added to the backbone of PLGA, the cloud point pressure increases by 50 bar/(mol GA) in CO 2 , 25 bar/(mol GA) in CHF 3 , and by only 2.5 bar/(mol GA) in CHClF 2 . PLGA 50 does not dissolve in CO 2 to pressures of 3000 bar whereas it is readily soluble in CHClF 2 at pressures as low as 100 bar at 50°C. In comparison, the increases in cloud point pressure with increasing weight average molecular weight ( M w ) are only approximately 2.3 bar/(1000 M w ) for PLGA copolymers in CO 2 . The solution densities with all three SCF solvents range from 1.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3 and they vary only by a small amount over the 80°C range used to obtain cloud point data. More than likely, the ability of the acidic hydrogen in CHF 3 and CHClF 2 to complex with the ester linkage in PLGA makes these better solvents than CO 2 especially since any change in favorable energetic interactions is magnified due to the liquid‐like densities exhibited by these SCF solvents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1155–1161, 2001
The synchronous dataflow machine: a computer architecture for real time image processing (2002)

A parallel computer architecture for real-time image processing is described. The architecture centers on the direct mapping of a static dataflow graph into hardware: each node (or group of nodes) is replaced by a processing element. The processing elements are connected by a flexible and fast communication network based on multiple interruptible buses. A prototype of the system has been built. Many low-level image processing algorithms run in real time at video rate. Applications of the system include real-time computer vision, real-time image enhancement, robotics, and autonomous systems. A color classification algorithm for autonomous vehicle guidance runs at video rate (50 frames/s). For this application, more than 200 million instructions (VAX equivalent) are executed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A General Role for Rab27a in Secretory Cells (2003)

Vesicular transport is a complex multistep process regulated by distinct Rab GTPases. Here, we show for the first time that an EGFP-Rab fusion protein is fully functional in a mammalian organism. We constructed a PAC-based transgenic mouse, which expresses EGFP-Rab27a under the control of endogenous Rab27a promoter. The EGFP-Rab27a transgene was fully functional and rescued the two major defects of the ashen Rab27a knockout mouse. We achieved cell-specific expression of EGFP-Rab27a, which faithfully followed the pattern of expression of endogenous Rab27a. We found that Rab27a is expressed in an exceptionally broad range of specialized secretory cells, including exocrine (particularly in mucin- and zymogen-secreting cells), endocrine, ovarian, and hematopoietic cells, most of which undergo regulated exocytosis. We suggest that Rab27a acts in concert with Rab3 proteins in most regulated secretory events. The present strategy represents one way in which the complex pattern of expression and function of proteins involved in specialized cell types may be unraveled.
Surface-emitting circular DFB, disk- and ring- Bragg resonator lasers with chirped gratings: a unified theory and comparative study (2008)

We have developed a theory that unifies the analysis of the modal properties of surface-emitting chirped circular grating lasers. This theory is based on solving the resonance conditions which involve two types of reflectivities of chirped circular gratings. This approach is shown to be in agreement with previous derivations which use the characteristic equations. Utilizing this unified analysis, we obtain the modal properties of circular DFB, disk-, and ring- Bragg resonator lasers. We also compare the threshold gain, single mode range, quality factor, emission efficiency, and modal area of these types of circular grating lasers. It is demonstrated that, under similar conditions, disk Bragg resonator lasers have the highest quality factor, the highest emission efficiency, and the smallest modal area, indicating their suitability in low-threshold, high-efficiency, ultracompact laser design, while ring Bragg resonator lasers have a large single mode range, high emission efficiency, and large modal area, indicating their suitability for high-efficiency, large-area, high-power applications.
Pulse Skipping Modulated Buck Converter - Modeling and Simulation (2010)

Modeling and simulation results of a pulse skipping modulated buck converter for applications involving a source with widely varying voltage conditions with loads requiring constant voltage from full load down to no load is presented. The pulses applied to the switch are blocked or released on output voltage crossing a predetermined value. The regulator worked satisfactorily over a wide input voltage range with good transient response but with higher ripple content. Input current spectrum indicates a good EMI performance with crowding of components at audio frequency range for the se-lected switching frequency.
Sub-Band Adaptive Filtering With Delay Compensation for Active Control (2004)

This paper introduces a filtered-x least-mean-square (FXLMS) based sub-band adaptive algorithm with error path delay compensation. Our algorithm avoids the signal path delay while compensating for the error path delay, thus increasing system stability. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate experimentally the efficiency of this new adaptive algorithm.
Bioanalytical Techniques for Detecting Biomarkers of Response to Human Asbestos Exposure (2015)

Asbestos exposure is known to cause lung cancer and mesothelioma and its health and economic impacts have been well documented. The exceptionally long latency periods of most asbestos-related diseases have hampered preventative and precautionary steps thus far. We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge on biomarkers of response to asbestos exposure. Asbestos is not present in human biological fluids; rather it is inhaled and trapped in lung tissue. Biomarkers of response, which reflect a change in biologic function in response to asbestos exposure, are analyzed. Several classes of molecules have been studied and evaluated for their potential utility as biomarkers of asbestos exposure. These studies range from small molecule oxidative stress biomarkers to proteins involved in immune responses.
Small Concrete Houses at Rochester, N.Y. (1922)

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Modelling Spatial Patterns (1977)

Summary Spatial point processes may be analysed at two levels. Quadrat and distance methods were designed for the sampling of a population in the field. In this paper we consider those situations in which a map of a spatial pattern has been produced at some cost and we wish to extract the maximum possible information. We review the stochastic models which have been proposed for spatial point patterns and discuss methods by which the fit of such a model can be tested. Certain models are shown to be the equilibrium distributions of spatial–temporal stochastic processes. The theory is illustrated by several case studies.