gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sialic acid deficiency is associated with oxidative stress leading to muscle atrophy and weakness in GNE myopathy (2017)

Sialic acids are monosaccharides found in terminal sugar chains of cell surfaces and proteins; they have various biological functions and have been implicated in health and disease. Genetic defects of the GNE gene which encodes a critical bifunctional enzyme for sialic acid biosynthesis, lead to GNE myopathy, a disease manifesting with progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. The likely mechanism of disease is a lack of sialic acids. There remains, however, an unexplained link between hyposialylation and the muscle atrophy and weakness. In this study, we found that muscle proteins were highly modified by S-nitrosylation, and that oxidative stress-responsive genes were significantly upregulated, in hyposialylated muscles from human GNE myopathy patients and model mice. In both in vitro and in vivo models, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was elevated with cellular hyposialylation, and increasing overall sialylation by extrinsic sialic acid intake reduced ROS and protein S-nitrosylation. More importantly, the antioxidant, oral N-acetylcysteine led to amelioration of the muscle atrophy and weakness in Gne mutant mice. Our data provide evidence of additional important function of sialic acids as a ROS scavenger in skeletal muscles, expanding our understanding on how sialic acid deficiency contributes to disease pathology, and identify oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in GNE myopathy.
Low-complexity time-domain channel estimators for mobile wireless OFDM systems (2006)

This paper proposes low-complexity time-domain channel estimators for OFDM systems. Time-domain channel estimation combined with frequency domain equalization is an attractive approach, since it can provide lower complexity and better estimator performance than pure frequency domain processing. In the particular case of constant modulus (M-PSK) modulation, we show that the transmission matrix is unitary. Therefore, the simple correlator channel estimator turns out to be optimal. For the case of non-constant envelope the transmission matrix is not unitary any more, but its corresponding correlation matrix is strongly diagonal. Therefore, a low-complexity approximate LS solution is proposed which avoids matrix inversion. A study of decision-feedback errors is performed, which suggest that iterative re-decoding of the data further improves the channel estimates. Simulations carried out for a wide range of mobile speeds demonstrate that the proposed estimators, using only 2% of pilot data, outperform recently proposed [T. Roman et al, 2003] time-and frequency-domain approaches.
General-Purpose Gamut-Mapping Algorithms: Evaluation of Contrast-Preserving Rescaling Functions for Color Gamut Mapping (2000)

Experiments were performed to test a set of general-purpose gamut-mapping functions. These gamut-mapping algorithms utilized contrast-preserving scaling functions. These algorithms were tested against the GCUSP gamut-mapping algorithm proposed by Morovic and Luo, which was shown to have very good “universal” gamut-mapping characteristics. The results of these experiments showed that vast improvements were obtained when linear lightness and chroma rescaling functions were replaced with contrast-preserving lightness and chroma rescaling functions. For these experiments, the gamut mapping consisted of sigmoidal lightness-remapping functions followed by either “knee” or “sigmoid-like” chromatic compression functions.
Quantitative Expression and Virus Transmission Analysis of DC-SIGN on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2002)

The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR efficiently bind human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains and can transmit bound virus to adjacent CD4-positive cells. DC-SIGN also binds efficiently to the Ebola virus glycoprotein, enhancing Ebola virus infection. DC-SIGN is thought to be responsible for the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to capture HIV and transmit it to T cells, thus promoting HIV dissemination in vitro and perhaps in vivo as well. To investigate DC-SIGN function and expression levels on DCs, we characterized a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGN. Using quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorter technology, we found that DC-SIGN is highly expressed on immature monocyte-derived DCs, with at least 100,000 copies and often in excess of 250,000 copies per DC. There was modest variation (three- to fourfold) in DC-SIGN expression levels between individuals and between DCs isolated from the same individual at different times. Several MAbs efficiently blocked virus binding to cell lines expressing human or rhesus DC-SIGN, preventing HIV and SIV transmission. Interactions with Ebola virus pseudotypes were also blocked efficiently. Despite their ability to block virus-DC-SIGN interactions on cell lines, these antibodies only inhibited transmission of virus from DCs by approximately 50% or less. These results indicate that factors other than DC-SIGN may play important roles in the ability of DCs to capture and transmit HIV.
Actuation of shape memory polymer composites triggered by electrical resistive heating (2017)

A shape memory polymer is capable of multifunctional performance, be it structural or non-structural. Several actuation mechanisms can be employed to trigger shape memory behaviour. Among these, thermal actuation is most comprehensively studied and applied due to its ease of understanding and utility. However, from the point of view of some niche applications, electrical actuation also needs to be examined. This is all the more relevant for modern aircraft where actuation is amenable to remote computer controls and advanced instrumentation. This in turn paves the way for realizing lightweight and adaptive aircraft structures. In this work, shape memory performance via electrical actuation of unidirectional carbon ply–epoxy shape memory polymer composites has been investigated using an in-house designed test set-up in the manual and automated modes. The synergistic role of carbon plies and the epoxy shape memory polymer matrix for realizing faster shape recovery has been observed. The effect of number of carbon plies on the cyclic shape memory performance of the shape memory polymer composite has also been evaluated. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing efficient electrically actuated shape memory composites and their potential for different applications.
Activation of protein kinase C and specific phosphorylation of a Mr 90,000 membrane protein of promotable BALB/3T3 and C3H/10T1/2 cells by tumor promoters. (1986)

The activation of protein kinase C and protein phosphorylation by tumor promoters were examined using quiescent cultures of BALB/3T3 and C3H/10T1/2 cells, because in these cells tumor promoters enhance chemically induced transformation and also induce DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase. The cytosol and membrane fractions were partially purified, and the activity of protein kinase C was assayed. In quiescent cells, protein kinase C activity was found only in the cytosol fraction. Treatment with 100 ng of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or teleocidin B per ml caused rapid translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membrane fraction. The activity in the cytosol disappeared almost completely after 15 min when the activity in the membrane reached a peak. The membrane activity gradually decreased to the control level after 6 h, while no activity reappeared in the cytosol within 6 h. Under these circumstances, a membrane protein with a molecular weight of 90,000 and pl of 4.0-4.4 (termed p90) was specifically phosphorylated, possibly by the activated protein kinase C, in both cell-free and intact-cell systems. On treatment of quiescent BALB/3T3 cells with 100 ng of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, p90 phosphorylation increased 2-fold in 1 min, reaching a peak in 15 min of 3.4-fold the initial value. The phosphorylation of p90 increased with increase in the concentrations of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate between 0.1 and 10 ng/ml and reached a plateau at 10 ng/ml. p90 phosphorylation also occurred on exposure of the cells to non-phorbol ester tumor promoters (mezerein and teleocidin B) and growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. p90 was not immunoprecipitated by antibody against the insulin receptor. Phosphorylation of p90 occurred at a serine residue. The present study suggests that activation of protein kinase C and phosphorylation of p90 by it are early events leading to tumor promotion.
Mild traumatic brain injury defined by Glasgow Coma Scale: Is it really mild? (2014)

In patients with intracranial injury, a mild GCS score (GCS 13-15) in patients with an intracranial injury does not preclude progression on repeat head CT and the need for a neurosurgical intervention. Base deficit greater than four and displaced skull fracture are the greatest predictors for neurosurgical intervention in patients with mild TBI and an intracranial injury.
dnaT, dominant conditional-lethal mutation affecting DNA replication in Escherichia coli (1978)

Normally, bacteria cease DNA replication in the absence of protein synthesis. A variety of treatments, such as thymine starvation or a shift-up to rich medium, lead to continued DNA replication in the absence of protein synthesis. Mutants are described which always terminate replication under these conditions. These conditional lethal mutants, dnaT1 and dnaT2, contransduce with serB and dnaC. The mutation also affects cell division. All aspects of the mutant phenotype (obligatory termination of replication, temperature sensitivity of DNA replication and growth, and aberrant cell division at permissive growth temperatures) were transdominant to the wild-type phenotype. Episomes carrying the dnaT mutation appeared to be unstable. The existence of such a dominant mutation was predicted by a model of chromosome termination proposed by Kogoma and Lark (J. Mol. Biol. 94:243-256, 1975).
Robust header compression for real-time services in cellular networks (2001)

The 3G mobile-IP networks currently being developed will support end-to-end enhanced real-time multimedia services. End-to-end IP enables very high flexibility for transmission over a mobile network. Conversational services require the use of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), which is typically deployed on top of UDP/IP, to facilitate acceptable quality of service at the receiver. The main drawback of using RTP/UDP/IP is the relatively large overhead imposed by these headers (at least 40/60 bytes in each packet), which leads to significant spectral inefficiency, particularly for low-bit rate speech applications. This paper examines current header compression techniques, CRTP amp; ROCCO, for multimedia services over IP and examines their performance in mobile channel environments
Cardiac Autonomic Control in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2001)

To determine how long-term treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) affects cardiac autonomic function, we measured R-R interval (RRI), respiration, and blood pressure in 13 awake patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in both supine and standing postures, before and after 3 to 9 mo of home therapy. Using visual feedback, the subjects controlled their respiration to track a randomized breathing pattern. From the RRI spectrum, we computed high-frequency power and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (LHR). To correct for differences in breathing, the average transfer gain relating respiration to RRI changes (G(RSA)) and the modified low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (MLHR) were also derived. CPAP therapy did not change the conventional spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV). However, G(RSA) increased with average nightly CPAP use in supine (p < 0.01) and standing (p < 0.03) postures, whereas MLHR decreased with CPAP compliance during standing (p < 0.03). Supine mean heart rate decreased with compliance (p < 0.03). None of the estimated parameters was correlated with duration of therapy when actual CPAP use was not taken into account. These results suggest that CPAP treatment improves vagal heart rate control in patients with OSA and that the degree of improvement varies directly with compliance level.
<sup>13</sup>C‐NMR study of autotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation pathways in the sulfur‐reducing Archaebacterium <i>Thermoproteus neutrophilus</i> and in the phototrophic Eubacterium <i>Chloroflexus aurantiacus</i> (1992)

The unresolved autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways in the sulfur-reducing Archaebacterium Thermoproteus neutrophilus and in the phototrophic Eubacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus have been investigated. Autotrophically growing cultures were labelled with [1,4-13C1]succinate, and the 13C pattern in cell constituents was determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy of purified amino acids and other cell constituents. In both organisms succinate contributed to less than 10% of cell carbon, the major part of carbon originated from CO2. All cell constituents became 13C-labelled, but different patterns were observed in the two organisms. This proves that two different cyclic CO2 fixation pathways are operating in autotrophic carbon assimilation in both of which succinate is an intermediate. The 13C-labelling pattern in T. neutrophilus is consistent with the operation of a reductive citric acid cycle and rules out any other known autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway. Surprisingly, the proffered [1,4-13C1]succinate was partially converted to double-labelled [3,4-13C2]glutamate, but not to double-labelled aspartate. These findings suggest that the conversion of citrate to 2-oxoglutarate is readily reversible under the growth conditions used, and a reversible citrate cleavage reaction is proposed. The 13C-labelling pattern in C. aurantiacus disagrees with any of the established CO2 fixation pathways; it therefore demands a novel autotrophic CO2 fixation cycle in which 3-hydroxypropionate and succinate are likely intermediates. The bacterium excreted substantial amounts of 3-hydroxypropionate (5 mM) and succinate (0.5 mM) at the end of autotrophic growth. Autotrophically grown Chloroflexus cells contained acetyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. These enzymes are proposed to be the main CO2-fixing enzymes resulting in malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA formation; from these carboxylation products 3-hydroxypropionate and succinate, respectively, can be formed.
Sequential Linear MIMO Precoder Optimization for Hybrid ARQ Retransmission of QAM Signals (2011)

Our investigation centers on the issue of linear precoding for hybrid-ARQ retransmissions in linear multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) channels driven by non-Gaussian inputs. Leveraging recent works on single transmission MIMO precoding , we derive the gradient of input-output mutual information with respect to precoder matrix for optimization. We further establish that the right eigenvectors of optimum precoder are determined by the associated minimum mean-square error (MMSE) matrix. We then propose a gradient algorithm for maximizing the mutual information. Compared with precoders designed for Gaussian input, our new precoders can significantly improve the input-output mutual information, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and for lower dimensional constellations.
Structural breaks estimation for non-stationary time series signals (2005)

In this work we consider the problem of modeling a class of non-stationary time series signals using piecewise autoregressive (AR) processes. The number and locations of the piecewise autoregressive segments, as well as the orders of the respective AR processes, are assumed to be unknown. The minimum description length principle is applied to find the "best" combination of the number of the segments, the lengths of the segments, and the orders of the piecewise AR processes. A genetic algorithm is implemented to solve this difficult optimization problem. We term the resulting procedure auto-PARM. Numerical results from both simulation experiments and real data analysis show that auto-PARM enjoys excellent empirical properties. Consistency of auto-PARM for break point estimation can also be shown
Reversible reactivity by optic nerve astrocytes (2013)

Reactive astrocytes are typically studied in models that cause irreversible mechanical damage to axons, neuronal cell bodies, and glia. Here, we evaluated the response of astrocytes in the optic nerve head to a subtle injury induced by a brief, mild elevation of the intraocular pressure. Astrocytes demonstrated reactive remodeling that peaked at three days, showing hypertrophy, process retraction, and simplification of their shape. This was not accompanied by any significant changes in the gene expression profile. At no time was there discernible damage to the optic axons, as evidenced by electron microscopy and normal anterograde and retrograde transport. Remarkably, the morphological remodeling was reversible. These findings underscore the plastic nature of reactivity. They show that reactivity can resolve fully if the insult is removed, and suggest that reactivity per se is not necessarily deleterious to axons. This reaction may represent very early events in the sequence that eventually leads to glial scarring.
The Death Domain Kinase RIP Has an Important Role in DNA Damage-induced, p53-independent Cell Death (2006)

Tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in cellular responses, such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following DNA damage. DNA damage-induced cell death can be mediated by a p53-dependent or p53-independent pathway. Although p53-mediated apoptosis has been well documented, little is known about the signaling components of p53-independent cell death. Here we report that the death domain kinase, RIP (receptor-interacting protein), is important for DNA damage-induced, p53-independent cell death. DNA damage induces cell death in both wild-type and p53-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We found that RIP-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, which have a mutant form of the p53 protein, are resistant to DNA damage-induced cell death. The reconstitution of RIP protein expression in RIP-/- cells restored the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage-induced cell death. We also found that RIP mediates this process through activating mitogen-activated protein kinase, JNK1. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of RIP blocked DNA damage-induced cell death in the human colon cancer cell line, p53 null HCT 116. Taken together, our study demonstrates that RIP is one of the critical components involved in mediating DNA damage-induced, p53-independent cell death.
Correlation of Decreased Survival and IL-18 in Bone Metastasis (2009)

Our results suggest that elevated serum IL-18 levels may be associated with IL-18 producing cancer cells in advanced NSCLC.
Immunological characterization of microtubule‐associated proteins specific for the immature brain (1985)

Immunoblotting analysis was used to detect the microtubule-associated proteins present at different stages of rat brain development. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the two main adult brain microtubule-associated proteins: MAP-2 (300 kDa) and TAU (60-70 kDa). Whatever the stage of development, anti-MAP-2 serum detected high molecular mass proteins and at immature stages a protein of 62 kDa. This protein which has previously been referred to as 'young TAU slow' is, therefore, immunologically related to MAP-2. The anti-TAU serum (but not the anti-MAP-2 serum) detected at immature stages of development a 48 kDa protein which also disappears at adulthood. This 48 kDa entity which has been referred to as 'young TAU fast' is progressively replaced by the closely spaced bands (60-70 kDa) of adult TAU proteins. The 62 and 48 kDa proteins appear therefore to be immunologically distinct and represent two microtubule-associated proteins specific to the immature brain.
CREDIT RISK, CREDIT RATINGS, AND MUNICIPAL BOND YIELDS: A PANEL STUDY (1991)

This paper uses a panel data set of general obligation bond issues to examine the channels through which a municipality's credit quality affects its borrowing rate. The paper considers both the direct effect of changes in credit quality on changes in borrowing rates and the indirect effect that operates through changes in credit ratings. Both credit ratings and borrowing rates respond to fiscal indicators in ways that are consistent with the view that credit markets can impose some discipline on municipal fiscal behavior. The estimated effects of rating changes are large in magnitude, but statistically insignificant.
A new synthesis of benzocyclobutenes. Thermal and electron impact induced decomposition of 3-isochromanones (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthesis of benzocyclobutenes. Thermal and electron impact induced decomposition of 3-isochromanonesRichard J. Spangler, Brian G. Beckmann, and Jong Ho KimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 18, 2989–2996Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00438a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views734Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (970 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts