gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aging and Survival: The Genetics of Life Span Extension by Dietary Restriction (2008)

Reducing food intake to induce undernutrition but not malnutrition extends the life spans of multiple species, ranging from single-celled organisms to mammals. This increase in longevity by dietary restriction (DR) is coupled to profound beneficial effects on age-related pathology. Historically, much of the work on DR has been undertaken using rodent models, and 70 years of research has revealed much about the physiological changes DR induces. However, little is known about the genetic pathways that regulate the DR response and whether or not they are conserved between species. Elucidating these pathways may facilitate the design of targeted pharmaceutical treatments for a range of age-related pathologies. Here, we discuss how recent work in nonmammalian model organisms has revealed new insight into the genetics of DR and how the discovery of DR-specific transcription factors will advance our understanding of this phenomenon.
Cytotoxic property of mouse cancer antiserum. (1946)

ConclusionsAn immune serum prepared in rabbits against the mouse mammary carcinoma milk factor, or Bittner virus, when mixed with cancer cells for a period of 6 hours completely inhibits their growth so that transplant tumors do not develop. Control tumors developed after similar treatment of tumor cells with serum from normal rabbits and with serum from rabbits immunized with normal lactating mouse breast tissue.
Screening Effect and Quantum Transport in a Silicon Inversion Layer in Strong Magnetic Fields (1977)

The broadening of Landau levels and the transport quantities, such as the transverse and Hall conductivity and cyclotron resonance linewidth, are calculated in an inversion layer on the (100) surface of p -type Si at zero temperature. Main scattering mechanisms are assumed to be charged impurity scattering and surface roughness scattering. A new expression for the surface roughness scattering is obtained. The self-consistent Born approximation is employed for the effect of scattering, and the random phase approximation for the screening. Because of the singular density of states the screening depends on the position of the Fermi level and becomes weak when it lies at the tail region of each Landau level. Scattering potentials become strong and of slowly varying type in this case. Except such a special case, overall features agree with the results obtained for short-ranged scatterers.
Comparison of the epidemiology, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence of and (2003)

Candida dubliniensis is a pathogenic yeast species that was first identified as a distinct taxon in 1995. Epidemiological studies have shown that C. dubliniensis is prevalent throughout the world and that it is primarily associated with oral carriage and oropharyngeal infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, unlike Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis is rarely found in the oral microflora of normal healthy individuals and is responsible for as few as 2% of cases of candidemia (compared to approximately 65% for C. albicans). The vast majority of C. dubliniensis isolates identified to date are susceptible to all of the commonly used antifungal agents, however, reduced susceptibility to azole drugs has been observed in clinical isolates and can be readily induced in vitro. The primary mechanism of fluconazole resistance in C. dubliniensis has been shown to be overexpression of the major facilitator efflux pump Mdr1p. It has also been observed that a large number of C. dubliniensis strains express a non-functional truncated form of Cdr1p, and it has been demonstrated that this protein does not play a significant role in fluconazole resistance in the majority of strains examined to date. Data from a limited number of infection models reflect findings from epidemiological studies and suggest that C. dubliniensis is less pathogenic than C. albicans. The reasons for the reduced virulence of C. dubliniensis are not clear as it has been shown that the two species express a similar range of virulence factors. However, although C. dubliniensis produces hyphae, it appears that the conditions and dynamics of induction may differ from those in C. albicans. In addition, C. dubliniensis is less tolerant of environmental stresses such as elevated temperature and NaCl and H(2)O(2) concentration, suggesting that C. albicans may have a competitive advantage when colonising and causing infection in the human body. It is our hypothesis that a genomic comparison between these two closely-related species will help to identify virulence factors responsible for the far greater virulence of C. albicans and possibly identify factors that are specifically implicated in either superficial or systemic candidal infections.
Adversarial Attacks Beyond the Image Space (2019)

Generating adversarial examples is an intriguing problem and an important way of understanding the working mechanism of deep neural networks. Most existing approaches generated perturbations in the image space, i.e., each pixel can be modified independently. However, in this paper we pay special attention to the subset of adversarial examples that correspond to meaningful changes in 3D physical properties (like rotation and translation, illumination condition, etc.). These adversaries arguably pose a more serious concern, as they demonstrate the possibility of causing neural network failure by easy perturbations of real-world 3D objects and scenes. In the contexts of object classification and visual question answering, we augment state-of-the-art deep neural networks that receive 2D input images with a rendering module (either differentiable or not) in front, so that a 3D scene (in the physical space) is rendered into a 2D image (in the image space), and then mapped to a prediction (in the output space). The adversarial perturbations can now go beyond the image space, and have clear meanings in the 3D physical world. Though image-space adversaries can be interpreted as per-pixel albedo change, we verify that they cannot be well explained along these physically meaningful dimensions, which often have a non-local effect. But it is still possible to successfully attack beyond the image space on the physical space, though this is more difficult than image-space attacks, reflected in lower success rates and heavier perturbations required.
A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems (2013)

This Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems (CKMS) contains topics that should be considered by a CKMS designer when developing a CKMS design specification. For each topic, there are one or more documentation requirements that need to be addressed by the design specification. Thus, any CKMS that addresses each of these requirements would have a design specification that is compliant with this Framework.
In vivo evidence for posttranslational translocation and signal cleavage of the killer preprotoxin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

A full-length cDNA of the M1 double-stranded RNA killer preprotoxin coding region successfully directed the synthesis of secreted K1 toxin when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a plasmid vector. Three protein species immunoreactive with antitoxin antiserum were detected intracellularly in transformants harboring this killer cDNA plasmid. These toxin precursor species were characterized by using secretory-defective hosts, by comparative electrophoretic mobilities, and by tunicamycin susceptibility. Such studies indicate that these three protein species represent intermediates generated by signal cleavage of the preprotoxin and its subsequent glycosylation and provide evidence that these events occur posttranslationally.
Theoretical S-bend profile for optimization of optical waveguide radiation losses (1993)

High-density optical integrated circuits require curved waveguides with low radiation losses. The optimization of S-bend profiles that produce a minimum of pure bending losses is considered. The analytical profile that optimizes these losses in low-slope S-bends is presented, assuming an exponential representation for the bending losses per unit length. On the other hand, a numerical optimization procedure has been developed for curved waveguides with an arbitrary representation of the unitary bending losses. Some results are provided for LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides, including a comparison between the optimal profile and other usual S-bend profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
将宽带引入美国农村——农村宽带战略报告（一） (2009)

本刊于今年2、3月份两期内连续刊出《美国联邦通信委员会2009-2014年的战略计划目标简介》，本期刊出美国联邦通信委员会代理主席迈克尔J·科普斯（Mr．MichaelJ．Copps）先生——《将宽带引入美国农村-农村宽带战略报告》的前言与建议综述部分。我们还将陆续刊登美国及国外宽带化方面的论述报告供我国关心宽带化发展问题人士做研究、借鉴和参考。为此。欢迎有关专家学者来文交流讨论宽带对推动我国经济社会发展的重要战略意义及其措施意见。
Characterization of Squalene Epoxidase of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>by Applying Terbinafine-Sensitive Variants (2006)

Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the target of terbinafine, which specifically inhibits the fungal enzyme in a noncompetitive manner. On the basis of functional homologies to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PHBH) from Pseudomonas fluorescens, the Erg1 protein contains two flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domains and one nucleotide binding (NB) site. By in vitro mutagenesis of the ERG1 gene, which codes for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SE, we isolated erg1 alleles that conferred increased terbinafine sensitivity or that showed a lethal phenotype when they were expressed in erg1-knockout strain KLN1. All but one of the amino acid substitutions affected conserved FAD/nucleotide binding sites. The G(25)S, D(335)X (W, F, P), and G(210)A substitutions in the FADI, FADII, and NB sites, respectively, rendered the SE variants nonfunctional. The G(30)S and L(37)P variants exhibited decreased enzymatic activity, accompanied by a sevenfold increase in erg1 mRNA levels and an altered sterol composition, and rendered KLN1 more sensitive not only to allylamines (10 to 25 times) but also to other ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. The R(269)G variant exhibited moderately reduced SE activity and a 5- to 10-fold increase in allylamine sensitivity but no cross-sensitivity to the other ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. To further elucidate the roles of specific amino acids in SE function and inhibitor interaction, a homology model of Erg1p was built on the basis of the crystal structure of PHBH. All experimental data obtained with the sensitive Erg1 variants support this model. In addition, the amino acids responsible for terbinafine resistance, although they are distributed along the sequence of Erg1p, cluster on the surface of the Erg1p model, giving rise to a putative binding site for allylamines.
Effects of Reverberation Times and Signal to Noise Ratios on Discrimination of Monosyllabic Words in Normal Young and Hearing-Impaired Elderly Subjects (2008)

The reverberation time (RT60) was known as one of the major environmental variables that could affect auditory performances.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reverberation times and S/N ratios on discrimination scores of monosyllabic words in normal and elderly adults.The participated subjects were eleven normal (with the mean age of 20.5 and mean HL of 1.7 dB) and five elderly adults (with the mean age of 74.8 and mean HL of 38.4 dB.The reverberation time was digitally synthesized using Sabine equation and the test set were RTs of 0, 24, 480, 960, 1,920, and 3,840 msec.The combined signal to noise ratios were at the levels of -10, 0, and +10 dB with both contralateral and ipsilateral conditions.The results showed that monosyllabic word discrimination scores were significantly influenced by reverberation times and S/N ratios.The elderly adults with reduced hearing status exhibited greater difficulties as reverberation times increased and S/N ratios reduced.In these experimental groups, discrimination scores reached the peak values at the positive RTs and the performance scores were deteriorated thereafter.This influence of noise was pronounced under ipsilateral conditions.In conclusion, the degree and level of these discrepancies from those of normal subjects appeared to be reliable quantitative indicators of higher levels of functional hearing status and could be used as practical performance measures in auditory training and rehabilitation programs.KEY WORDS：Reverberation time•Signal to noise ratio•Word recognition score.논문접수일：2008년 1월 15일 심사완료일：2008년 3월 02일 교신저자：임덕환, 200-702 강원도 춘천시 옥천동 1번지 한림대학교 언어청각학부 청각학전공, 청각언어연구소 전화：(033) 248-2217•전송：(02) 6280-9133
In Vitro Activity of 5-Fluorocytosine Against <i>Candida</i> and <i>Torulopsis</i> Species (1973)

One hundred yeasts were studied. Tests included detailed identification and determination of 24- and 48-hr minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Final identifications included 57 isolates of Candida albicans, 15 isolates of C. tropicalis, 13 isolates of C. parapsilosis, 7 isolates of Torulopsis glabrata, 3 isolates of C. guilliermondii, 2 isolates each of C. stellatoidea and Cryptococcus neoformans, and 1 isolate of Candida krusei. Twenty-three original identifications were in error; these involved mostly C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and T. glabrata. Inhibitory end point readings based on 24 hr of incubation were misleading. Whereas 79 of 91 isolates of Candida appeared to be inhibited at 24 hr by 12.5 mug or less of 5-FC/ml, only 52 were inhibited at 48 hr; whereas only 12 isolates appeared to be resistant to 100 mug/ml after 24 hr, 37 were resistant after 48 hr. Susceptibility varied amount the different species. C. tropicalis was the most susceptible, with 10 of 15 isolates (66.7%) being inhibited by 12.5 mug or less/ml and 7 (46.7%) being killed by 100 mug or less/ml. C. albicans was similarily susceptible; 33 of 57 isolates (57.9%) were inhibited by 12.5 mug or less/ml and 25 (43.9%) were killed by 100 mug or less/ml. C. parapsilosis was quite resistant, as only 4 of 13 isolates (30.8%) were inhibited by 12.5 mug or less/ml and 3 (23.1%) were killed by 100 mug or less/ml.
Spoken content metadata and MPEG-7 (2000)

The words spoken in an audio stream form an obvious descriptor essential to most audio-visual metadata standards. When derived using automatic speech recognition systems, the spoken content fits into neither low-level (representative) nor high-level (semantic) metadata categories. This results in difficulties in creating a representation that can support both interoperability between different extraction and application utilities while retaining robustness to the limitations of the extraction process. In this paper, we discuss the issues encountered in the design of the MPEG-7 spoken content descriptor and their applicability to other metadata standards.
A Simple Synthesis of 1,3-Dialkylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1983)

A novel and simplified synthesis of 1,3-dialkylpyrida[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from 6-allylaminoand 6-(substituted ally1)aminouracils by PdC12-CuC1 catalyzed oxidative cyclization is described.The pyrido[Z,3-dlpyrimidine ring system is found in a number of biologically active compound^.^Numerous derivatives contaming this ring system have been synthesized as potential antitumor2 and antibacterial3 agents.Some pyrido[2,3-dlpyrimidines also exhibit antimala~ial,~ ant~h~~ertensive,' antiallergic,6 analgesic,' a n t i p h l ~~i s t i c , ~ antipyretic7 and anticonvulsive7 activities.We found a facile method for the preparation of pyrido[Z,3-dlpyrimidines in the course of our attempts to synthesize 7-deazacaffeine (I) from 6-allylaminouracil (IIa).Tsuji g s.8 reported a method to prepare methyl ketones from terminal olefins using the PdCl -CuC1-0 combination.It was hoped that application of this rea-2 2 gent combination to IIa might afford I a a n-allylpalladium complex intermediate.Oxidation of I proceeded very smoothly by treatment with the PdC12-CuC1-O2 system in aqueous DMF.The product isolated, however, was not I but 1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-dlpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (IIIa).* (5) singlet, (d) doublet, (dd) double doublet, (t) triplet, (q) quartet a) = 7.69 Hz, J = 1.83 Hz, J = 4.76 Hz. 5,7 6,7 b) J5,6 = 7.69 Hz, = 1.83 H z , J g S 7 = 4.76 Hz. c) J6,7 = 5.40 Hz. d) J6,7 = 5.20 Hz. e) J5,7 = 1.80 Hz. f) J5,7 = 1.83 Hz. g) J5,6 = 7.50 Hz. h) J5,6 = 7.50 HZ.
HYDROBORATION AS A CONVENIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTE FOR THE CONTRA-THERMODYNAMIC ISOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHYDROBORATION AS A CONVENIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTE FOR THE CONTRA-THERMODYNAMIC ISOMERIZATION OF OLEFINSHerbert C. Brown and M. V. BhattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 8, 2074–2075Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01493a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01493a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anisotropie filtering with a resistive fuse network on the MIPA4k processor array (2010)

This paper presents an implementation of nonlinear anisotropic filtering, using resistive fuse circuitry, on the 64×64 cell MIPA4k mixed mode image processor array. Anisotropic filtering can be used to implement very effective edge preserving noise filtering, image segmentation as well as direct edge detection. The MIPA4k processor cell is capable of performing globally or locally controlled anisotropic diffusion in two ways, either for resistive or capacitive input configurations, resulting in different diffusion networks and performance. The array cells can also directly extract edge information from the resistive fuse circuitry. Measured examples of the nonlinear anisotropic filtering and edge extraction on the MIPA4k processor array are presented.
Biocatalytic Pathway Selection in Transient Tripeptide Nanostructures (2015)

Structural adaption in living systems is achieved by competing catalytic pathways that drive assembly and disassembly of molecular components under the influence of chemical fuels. We report on a simple mimic of such a system that displays transient, sequence-dependent formation of supramolecular nanostructures based on biocatalytic formation and hydrolysis of self-assembling tripeptides. The systems are catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin and driven by hydrolysis of dipeptide aspartyl-phenylalanine-methyl ester (the sweetener aspartame, DF-OMe). We observed switch-like pathway selection, with the kinetics and consequent lifetime of transient nanostructures controlled by the peptide sequence. In direct competition, kinetic (rather than thermodynamic) component selection is observed.
Alternating Current Impedance Electrochemical Modeling of Lithium-Ion Positive Electrodes (2005)

An electrochemical model was developed to describe alternating current (ac) impedance experimental studies conducted on lithium-ion positive electrodes. The model includes differential mass and current balances for the positive electrode's composite structure, as well as details of the oxide-electrolyte interface. A number of specialized experiments were conducted to help define the parameter set for the model. The electrochemical ac impedance model was used to examine aging effects associated with the positive electrode.
Magnetic and transport properties of electrodeposited nanostructured nanowires (1998)

The electrodeposition of nanostructures in the cylindrical pores of membranes is shown to provide a rich array of possibilities for the investigation of spin transport and magnetic properties of magnetic nanostructures. Examples from the activity of the group are reviewed and the latest results reported: the giant magnetoresistance of a single wire, the coercivity of chains of grains, the detection of magnetization switching in single nanowires, the characterization of crystalline microstructure by Co-NMR.
Structure-optical property relationships of porphyrins (1998)

Porphyrins are attractive compounds for optical applications. We have been investigating the relationship between molecular structure and optical properties of a number of porphyrin compounds. Structural variations explored include insertion of metal ions, extension of conjugation, halogenation and alkylation either at the pyrrole position or the meso-aryl groups. The characterization of these chromophores includes measurement of UV/Vis, fluorescence and fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, we have investigated their nonlinear absorption, excitation dynamics. The significant factors influencing limiting behavior appear to be the heavy atom effect, electron donating and withdrawing substituents conformation distortion and changes in conjugation. Detailed understanding will be gained from measurements of photophysical parameters underlying limiting behavior.
Rational Design of Bioactive, Modularly Assembled Aminoglycosides Targeting the RNA that Causes Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2012)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused when an expanded r(CUG) repeat (r(CUG)exp) binds the RNA splicing regulator muscleblind-like 1 protein (MBNL1) as well as other proteins. Previously, we reported that modularly assembled small molecules displaying a 6′-N-5-hexynoate kanamycin A RNA-binding module (K) on a peptoid backbone potently inhibit the binding of MBNL1 to r(CUG)exp. However, these parent compounds are not appreciably active in cell-based models of DM1. The lack of potency was traced to suboptimal cellular permeability and localization. To improve these properties, second-generation compounds that are conjugated to a d-Arg9 molecular transporter were synthesized. These modified compounds enter cells in higher concentrations than the parent compounds and are efficacious in cell-based DM1 model systems at low micromolar concentrations. In particular, they improve three defects that are the hallmarks of DM1: a translational defect due to nuclear retention of transcripts containing r(CUG)exp; pre-mRNA splicing defects due to inactivation of MBNL1; and the formation of nuclear foci. The best compound in cell-based studies was tested in a mouse model of DM1. Modest improvement of pre-mRNA splicing defects was observed. These studies suggest that a modular assembly approach can afford bioactive compounds that target RNA.
Comparative Analysis of Spectral, Empirical Orthogonal Function, and Wavelet Decompositions for an Upwelling Event (2001)

The recently developed wavelet transform, conventional spectral, and empirical orthogonal function decompositions have been applied to the vertical temperature profiles characterized with an isolated upwelling event and several other small-scale structures. Although empirical orthogonal function provides optimal decomposition of variance, it does not reveal much information about the transition of energy to small-scale oscillations. The localized characteristics that are not detected properly in the power spectral analysis are well represented by wavelets in the frequency–time domain.