gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of a fatty acid hormone in the reproduction of the polychaete<i>Arenicola marina</i>(L.) (1996)

Summary Reproduction in the lugworm Arenicola marina is annual and, for most populations, occurs in the late autumn or early winter. Oocyte maturation in females and sperm activation of males and spawning are under hormonal control. In males the polyunsaturated fatty acid, 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, causes both activation of the spermatozoa (Bentley et al., 1990) and spawning (Pacey and Bentley, 1992). Dissociation of syncitial sperm masses occurs in response to the fatty acid. Active swimming of spermatozoa then follows on dilution in seawater (as a consequence of elevation of internal pH, pHi), and fertilization of the eggs takes place in the burrow of the female. Sperm activation can also be induced by arachidonic and 5, 8, 11-eicosatrienoic acids but not by the 11, 14, 17-isomer. This suggests a possible role for cyclooxygenases or lipoxygenases. Sperm activation by the PUFAs is inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (50 μM) and eicosatriynoic acid (13 μM) suggesting that 12-lipoxygenase acts during activation. Possible involvement of the fatty acid in coordination of reproduction between individuals is also discussed.
An Olfactory Stimulus Modifies Nighttime Sleep in Young Men and Women (2005)

Aromatherapy is an anecdotal method for modifying sleep and mood. However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night-time objective sleep remains untested. Previous studies also demonstrate superior olfactory abilities in women. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of an olfactory stimulus on subsequent sleep and assessed gender differences in such effects. Thirty-one young healthy sleepers (16 men and 15 women, aged 18 to 30 yr, mean+/-SD, 20.5+/-2.4 yr) completed 3 consecutive overnight sessions in a sleep laboratory: one adaptation, one stimulus, and one control night (the latter 2 nights in counterbalanced order). Subjects received an intermittent presentation (first 2 min of each 10 min interval) of an olfactory (lavender oil) or a control (distilled water) stimulus between 23:10 and 23:40 h. Standard polysomnographic sleep and self-rated sleepiness and mood data were collected. Lavender increased the percentage of deep or slow-wave sleep (SWS) in men and women. All subjects reported higher vigor the morning after lavender exposure, corroborating the restorative SWS increase. Lavender also increased stage 2 (light) sleep, and decreased rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and the amount of time to reach wake after first falling asleep (wake after sleep onset latency) in women, with opposite effects in men. Thus, lavender serves as a mild sedative and has practical applications as a novel, nonphotic method for promoting deep sleep in young men and women and for producing gender-dependent sleep effects.
Discovery and development of anthracycline antitumour antibiotics (1993)

J. W. Lown, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1993, 22, 165 DOI: 10.1039/CS9932200165
An IC chip of Chua's circuit (1993)

Reports a working microelectronic chip implementation of Chua's circuit. This chip has been designed and fabricated by using a 2 mu m CMOS technology, with the circuit itself occupying a silicon area of 2.5mm*2.8mm. The chip needs to be powered with a single 9V battery, is autonomous, and generates chaotic signals from the three state variables of Chua's circuit. The proper operation of this chip has been confirmed by experimental reproduction of bifurcation and chaotic phenomena. This microelectronic design of Chua's circuit can be employed as a basic component in the VLSI synthesis of complex circuits making use of chaotic signals, including a class of cellular neural networks and secure communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Expression of the p75 Nerve Growth Factor Receptor in Glia and Neurons of the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia after Peripheral Nerve Transection (1996)

Sympathetic nerve terminals on blood vessels within the dorsal root ganglia sprout after sciatic nerve lesions in the rat. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear, but might be predicted to involve nerve growth factor or its homologs because these factors are known to trigger collateral sprouting of undamaged sympathetic noradrenergic terminals. We have found that sciatic nerve lesions lead to a decreased expression of neuronal p75, the low-affinity receptor for the neurotrophins, but an increased expression of glial p75 in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. Intriguingly, the increased expression of p75 was found primarily in association with glia surrounding large-diameter neurons, which are those associated with the noradrenergic sprouts. A smaller but significant glial response was also found in contralateral ganglia. The glial response in ipsilateral ganglia could be mimicked by ventral, but not dorsal, root transection. The dorsal root lesion-induced glial responses in contralateral ganglia were greater than those induced by ventral root or sciatic nerve lesions. Combined lesions of dorsal root and either ventral root or sciatic nerve did not prevent the glial responses of ipsilateral ganglia, suggesting that a peripheral signal is involved. Colocalization studies indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve sprouts were associated with p75-immunoreactive glial cells. Thus, increased glial synthesis of p75 might provide an explanation for the abnormal growth of sympathetic fibers in dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve injury.
RF Concurrency Performance Study for Integrated WiFi Radio (2010)

We investigate issues associated with integrated radio design. Multiple constraints (e.g., due to interference or component sharing) may prohibit integrated radios from operating at the same time instance. We examine constraints defined by integrated radio RF concurrency capability, and study WiFi performance under different radio RF concurrency levels. We performed detailed simulation study for WiFi/WiMAX integrated radios. The insight obtained from our study can help evaluate the tradeoff between integrated radio design and performance of associated networks.
Beliefs on the local effects of climate change: Causal attribution of flooding and shoreline retreat (2017)

Adaptation to climate change is a process that should engage different participants, including not only researchers and technicians but also other stakeholders and local individuals and, therefore, it is important to understand their beliefs on the local effects of climate change. Recent studies illustrate a linear relation between coastal distance and scepticism, which is lower in coastal zones than in inland. A possible explanation is that people living inland do not experience (or do not perceive) particular natural hazards as being caused by climate change, or attribute the natural hazards to other causes, apart from climate change. This might influence the relative importance of dealing with direct anthropogenic effects and planning adaptation to climate change. Therefore, the goal of this work was to explore this effect by comparing beliefs on the local effects of climate change in Aveiro region (Portugal), specifically in Baixo Vouga Lagunar (BVL, located in the inner side of Ria de Aveiro Coastal Lagoon, 10 km distance from the coast) with the nearby coastal zone between Esmoriz and Vagueira settlements. Stakeholders were interviewed and local individuals were surveyed in order to explore causal attributions towards relevant local environmental problems and compare with data available from the coastal zone. Natural hazards concerned flooding in BVL and shoreline retreat in the coastal zone. Results suggest that in BVL both stakeholders and local residents did not attribute local natural hazards to climate change. However, in the coastal zone, local natural hazards were indeed mostly attributed to climate change. This attribution to climate change was further correlated to a higher risk perception of natural hazards in the coastal zone but not in BVL. Thereby, it is important to consider distance from the shoreline in order to promote local processes of adaptation to climate change.
Thrombin-Induced Growth Cone Collapse: Involvement of Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>and Eicosanoid Generation (1999)

The studies presented here explore intracellular signals resulting from the action of repellents on growth cones. Growth cone challenge with thrombin or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) triggers collapse via a receptor-mediated process. The results indicate that this involves activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and eicosanoid synthesis. The collapse response to repellents targets at least two functional units of the growth cone, the actin cytoskeleton and substratum adhesion sites. We show in a cell-free assay that thrombin and TRAP cause the detachment of isolated growth cones from laminin. Biochemical analyses of isolated growth cones reveal that thrombin and TRAP stimulate cytosolic PLA(2) but not phospholipase C. In addition, thrombin stimulates synthesis of 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) from the released arachidonic acid via a lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. A selective LO inhibitor blocks 12/15-HETE synthesis in growth cones and inhibits thrombin-induced growth cone collapse. Exogenously applied 12(S)-HETE mimics the thrombin effect and induces growth cone collapse in culture. These observations indicate that thrombin-induced growth cone collapse occurs by a mechanism that involves the activation of cytosolic PLA(2) and the generation of 12/15-HETE.
The Action of β‐Propiolactone on Wool (1952)

There is little reaction between dry wool and β‐propiolactone when the latter is dissolved in anhydrous benzene, but reaction is vigorous in alcoholic solution at 50d̀c. Combination is not confined to the basic side‐chains of salt linkages, though 50% of the latter are broken during 48 hours' treatment. As the resistance of the fibres to deformation in water and acid is reduced, it was expected that treated fabric would show an increased rate of shrinkage during milling, especially as the percentage hysteresis between extension and contraction is reduced. Little difference could, however, be detected between treated and untreated fabrics during milling with soap or acid, and the felting power of loose wool is reduced by treatment with the lactone, probably because the beneficial effects of modified elastic properties are offset by reduced sealiness of the fibres.
Nutritional Factors and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Colombian Children (1997)

The results of this population-based study suggest that nutritional factors may play a role in determining susceptibility to H. pylori infection.
Alteration of GCN5 levels in maize reveals dynamic responses to manipulating histone acetylation (2003)

The role played by histone acetyltransferase (HAT), GCN5, in transcriptional co-activation has been analysed in detail in yeast and mammals. Here, we present the cloning and expression pattern of Zmgcn5, the maize homologue. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant ZmGCN5 was analysed with histone and nucleosome substrates. In situ hybridisation of developing maize kernels using Zmgcn5 as probe shows that the transcript is concentrated in rapidly dividing cells. To investigate the role of ZmGCN5 in the transcription of specific plant genes, direct protein-protein interactions were tested. A cDNA clone encoding a putative interacting partner in GCN5-adapter complexes, ZmADA2, was isolated and the interaction between ZmGCN5 and ZmADA2 was confirmed by a GST-spin down experiment. Co-immunoprecipitation of the plant transcriptional activator Opaque-2 and ZmADA2 in nuclear extracts suggests ADA2/GCN5-containing complexes to mediate transcriptional activation by binding of this bZIP factor. For a more general analysis of the effects of histone acetylation on plant gene expression, 2500 ESTs spotted on filters were hybridised with cDNA probes derived either from maize cell lines treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), or from a transgenic line expressing the ZmGCN5 antisense transcript. Several sequences showing marked changes in abundance were confirmed by RNA blot analysis. Inhibition of histone deacetylation with TSA is accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of ZmGCN5 acetylase protein, but by increases in mRNAs for histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The elevated histone mRNA levels were not reflected in increasing histone protein concentrations, suggesting hyperacetylated histones arising from TSA treatment may be preferentially degraded and substituted by de novo synthesised histones. The ZmGCN5 antisense material showed suppression of the endogenous ZmGCN5 transcript and the profiling analysis revealed increased mRNA levels for H2A, H2B and H4. Furthermore, in the antisense line, a reduction in the amount of the RPD3-type HD1B-I histone deacetylase protein was observed. A model for linked regulation of histone acetylation and histone mRNA transcription is discussed.
Models for learning spatial interactions in natural images for context-based classification (2005)

interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Carnegie Mellon
Hierarchical fair queuing: single-step approximation of hierarchical-GPS (2003)

We propose a hierarchical packet scheduling technique to closely approximate a hierarchical extension of the generalized processor sharing model, hierarchical generalized processor sharing (H-GPS). Our approach is to undertake the tasks of service guarantee and hierarchical link sharing in an independent manner so that each task best serves its own objective. For tight and harmonized integration of the two independent service functions into a single packet scheduling algorithm, we introduce two novel concepts of distributed virtual time and service credit, and develop a packet version of H-GPS called hierarchical fair queuing (HFQ). We demonstrate the layer-independent performance of the HFQ algorithm through simulation results.
Bis(2-alkylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methylidenes as Chiral Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands (2010)

2-Alkylpyrrolidines were used as building blocks for acyclic diaminocarbenes (ADCs). First, ureas were made from the corresponding amines, and then the ureas were converted to chloroamidiniums. The chloroamidiniums served as direct precursors to ADCs, and palladium complexes were made utilizing oxidative addition, whereas lithium−halogen exchange was performed to generate rhodium complexes. The carbene ligands were characterized through use of NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray analysis, and from X-ray structures, steric parameters were calculated as % VBur values. The ability of these ligands to direct stereochemistry and enhance activity was explored in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and the 1,2 addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes.
Identification of the Bioactive Constituent and Its Mechanisms of Action in Mediating the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Black Cohosh and Related <i>Cimicifuga species</i> on Human Primary Blood Macrophages (2009)

Cimicifuga species have been used as traditional medicinal herbs to treat inflammation and symptoms associated with menopause in Asia, Europe, and North America. However, the underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects remains to be investigated. With bioactivity guided purification involving the use of partitioning extraction and high performance liquid chromatography, we isolated one of the key bioactive constituents from the rhizome extracts of Cimicifuga racemosa. By NMR spectroscopy, the molecule was identified to be cimiracemate A (1). This compound (140 muM) suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in the blood macrophages by 47 +/- 19% and 58 +/- 30% at LPS concentrations of 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of compound 1 may be due to its modulation of a signaling mitogen activated protein kinase and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB activities. Compound 1 was found in other Cimicifuga species. Our data indicate that compound 1 or its chemical analogues may have the potential to be further developed as a new class of therapeutic agent.
Essential role of HDAC6 in the regulation of PD‐L1 in melanoma (2016)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), originally described as histone modifiers, have more recently been demonstrated to target a variety of other proteins unrelated to the chromatin environment. In this context, our present work demonstrates that the pharmacological or genetic abrogation of HDAC6 in primary melanoma samples and cell lines, down-regulates the expression of PD-L1, an important co-stimulatory molecule expressed in cancer cells, which activates the inhibitory regulatory pathway PD-1 in T-cells. Our data suggests that this novel mechanism of PD-L1 regulation is mainly mediated by the influence of HDAC6 over the recruitment and activation of STAT3. Additionally, we observed that selective HDAC6 inhibitors impairs tumor growth and reduce the in vivo expression of several inhibitory check-point molecules and other regulatory pathways involved in immunosurveillance. Most importantly, these results provide a key pre-clinical rationale and justification to further study isotype selective HDAC6 inhibitors as potential immuno-modulatory agents in cancer.
Tunable, membrane-based, liquid-filled micro-lenses (2005)

A novel type of liquid microlens, bounded by a microfabricated, distensible membrane and activated by a microfluidic liquid-handling system, is presented. Using an elastomer membrane fabricated by spin-coating on a dry-etched silicon substrate, the liquid-filled cavity acts as a lens whereby applied pressure changes the membrane distension and thus the focal length. Both plano-convex and plano-concave lenses, individual elements as well as arrays, were fabricated and tested. Lens surface roughness was seen to be about 9 nm rms and focal length could be tuned from 1 to 18 mm. This lens represents a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure suitable for use in, for example, a medical environment.
Influence of Ligand–Precursor Molar Ratio on the Size Evolution of Modifiable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2013)

During the synthesis of nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of iron precursors, the capping ligand–precursor ratio influences the resulting size of the iron oxide nanoparticles. As the molar ratio of aliphatic amines to iron precursor is increased, the average diameter of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles decreases. This trend is opposite to previously reported results. We investigated this phenomenon by independently varying the ligand chain length, the ligand–precursor molar ratio, and the degree of saturation of the aliphatic chain. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the precursor illustrated the presence of a primary amine peak before heating and the peak absence after heating, potentially indicating that the primary amine acts as reducing agent to promote the decomposition of the iron precursor. We hypothesize that the amine groups play a dominant role in the nucleation of the particles, while the chain length and degree of aliphatic saturation have only a minor effect on particle size. The nanoparticles’ size and crystallinity were characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction, and the magnetic properties were characterized by magnetometry.
Serum Concentration of Human Placental Lactogenic Hormone (HPL) in Pregnancy Complications (1970)

Abstract. HPL concentration was determined by an immunochemical method from 48 serum samples of 41 women with a complication of pregnancy. While no correlation was found between HPL and pregnancy week, a statistically significant correlation was observed between HPL and oestriol. Placental and infant birth weights had a highly significant correlation with HPL. No significant deviation from the standard was observed in the serum HPL of toxaemia patients, or in HPL of those with prolonged pregnancies or variations in foetal heart rate. Because of great individual variation no general limits could be calculated for maternal serum HPL concentration at 30–42 weeks of pregnancy.
Minimalist proteins: Design of new molecular recognition scaffolds (2004)

We hypothesize that we can exploit what Nature has already evolved by manipulating the alpha-helix molecular recognition scaffold. Therefore, minimalist proteins capable of sequence-specific, high-affinity binding of DNA were generated to probe how proteins are used and can be used to recognize DNA. The already minimal basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) of GCN4 was reduced to an even more simplified structure by substitution with alanine residues-hence, a generic, Ala-based, helical scaffold. The proteins generated, wt bZIP, 4A, 11A, and 18A, contain 0, 4, 11, and 18 alanine mutations in their DNA-binding basic regions, respectively. All alanine mutants still retain alpha-helical structure and DNA-binding function, despite loss of virtually all Coulombic protein-DNA interactions. Mass spectrometry allowed characterization of proteins and post-translational modifications. Fluorescence anisotropy and DNase I footprinting were used to measure in situ binding of these mutant proteins to DNA duplexes containing target sites AP-1 (5'-TGACTCA-3'), ATF/CREB (5'-TGACGTCA-3'), or nonspecific DNA. The roles of van der Waals and Coulombic interactions toward binding specificity and affinity are being investigated. Thus, both DNA-binding specificity and affinity are maintained in all our bZIP derivatives. This Ala-rich scaffold may be useful in design and synthesis of small, alpha-helical proteins with desired DNA-recognition properties.
Voting for Voting in Online Point Cloud Object Detection (2015)

This paper proposes an efficient and effective scheme to applying the sliding window approach popular in computer vision to 3D data. Specifically, the sparse nature of the problem is exploited via a voting scheme to enable a search through all putative object locations at any orientation. We prove that this voting scheme is mathematically equivalent to a convolution on a sparse feature grid and thus enables the processing, in full 3D, of any point cloud irrespective of the number of vantage points required to construct it. As such it is versatile enough to operate on data from popular 3D laser scanners such as a Velodyne as well as on 3D data obtained from increasingly popular push-broom configurations. Our approach is "embarrassingly parallelisable" and capable of processing a point cloud containing over 100K points at eight orientations in less than 0.5s. For the object classes car, pedestrian and bicyclist the resulting detector achieves best-in-class detection and timing performance relative to prior art on the KITTI dataset as well as compared to another existing 3D object detection approach.
Reducing post-surgical adhesions utilizing a drug-enhanced device: sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous gel/poly(p-dioxanone) and Tranilast (2008)

Post-surgical adhesion formation has numerous deleterious side effects in a wide variety of surgical settings. Physical barriers used together with laparoscopy were developed to reduce tissue trauma seen with open procedures. However, despite surgeons' meticulous techniques and the use of such barriers, adhesion formation remains a serious clinical problem, creating complications that cost the health care system over $1 billion annually. Our laboratories have combined a previously marketed drug, Tranilast, with a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) gel in a sustained release formulation using poly(p-dioxanone) (PDO) to provide a locally delivered medicated device that significantly reduces adhesions. This paper describes the preparation of the gel and the sustained release formulation, its key physical properties, and its sustained release kinetics. Pre-clinical data on inhibition of adhesion formation by the sustained release poly(p-dioxanone)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/Tranilast drug enhanced device are also presented.