gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Touchware: a software-based technique for high-resolution multi-touch sensing devices (2014)

Finger pointing on touch screens is a very natural way of human computer interaction. However, for many capacitive touch sensing devices, it may suffer from the nature of direct input since the size of human fingers and the lack of sensing precision make absolute positioning on touch screen difficult, especially on multi–touch sensing devices. Even if high–resolution/precision multi–touch devices become popular in the market, the cost is high and the positioning algorithm is not a flexible module. In this paper, we present Touchware, a software–based technique to overcome these limitations with low cost and to provide support for the development of multi–touch applications for rich input modalities. We introduce the maxima–based clustering algorithm and weight–based geometric algorithm for accurate finger positioning and first–contact–based decision with sniper for ghost pattern elimination. We evaluated the performance and show how the techniques can be successfully used for single–touch and multi–touch applications.
Probenpräparation für die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie: Verläßliche Methode für Querschnitte und brüchige Materialien/ Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy: Reliable Method for Cross-Sections and Brittle Materials (1993)

Article Probenpräparation für die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie: Verläßliche Methode für Querschnitte und brüchige Materialien/ Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy: Reliable Method for Cross-Sections and Brittle Materials was published on October 1, 1993 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 30, issue 10).
Development of the first commercially available recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) as an autograft replacement for spinal fusion and ongoing R&D direction (2004)

After several decades of promising research on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a product that surgeons can use clinically is now commercially available. More than two decades after Urist’s first observation of demineralized bone osteoinductivity in 1965, a single bone morphogenetic protein was isolated from bone and produced recombinantly (rhBMP-2) [1, 2]. The recombinant production of BMP-2 opened the door for the development of a commercial BMP product, since the extraction of these proteins from bone was not a viable commercial option.
Planar Multipole Ion Trap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (2011)

We present a novel, hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer that is based on a planar multipole design. Compared with Paul trap/time-of-flight instruments, this design possesses the principal advantages of higher injection efficiency and more homogeneous extraction fields. We demonstrate the viability of the concept and describe the characterization of a first prototype. Ions can be injected into the trap with little mass discrimination and stored for several minutes. A resolution of over 1300 is achieved in reflectron mode, and the influence of the RF amplitude and pressure on the resolution is analyzed. We suggest several applications in which this new instrument could offer advantages over existing technology.
Orthogonal protecting groups forNα-amino andC-terminal carboxyl functions in solid-phase peptide synthesis (2000)

For the controlled synthesis of even the simplest dipeptide, the N(alpha)-amino group of one of the amino acids and the C-terminal carboxyl group of the other should both be blocked with suitable protecting groups. Formation of the desired amide bond can now occur upon activation of the free carboxyl group. After coupling, peptide synthesis can be continued by removal of either of the two protecting groups and coupling with the free C-terminus or N(alpha)-amino group of another protected amino acid. When three functional amino acids are present in the sequence, the side chain of these residues also has to be protected. It is important that there is a high degree of compatibility between the different types of protecting groups such that one type may be removed selectively in the presence of the others. At the end of the synthesis, the protecting groups must be removed to give the desired peptide. Thus, it is clear that the protection scheme adopted is of the utmost importance and makes the difference between success and failure in a given synthesis. Since R. B. Merrifield introduced the solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of peptides, this prerequisite has been readily accepted. This strategy is usually carried out using two main protection schemes: the tert-butoxycarbonyl/benzyl and the 9-flourenylmethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyl methods. However, for the solid-phase preparation of complex or fragile peptides, as well as for the construction of libraries of peptides or small molecules using a combinatorial approach, a range of other protecting groups is also needed. This review summarizes other protecting groups for both the N(alpha)-amino and C-terminal carboxyl functions.
Narrow structure in the coherent population trapping resonance in rubidium (2003)

An investigation is reported of coherent resonance in the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg = 2 --> Fe = 1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line by means of a Hanle effect configuration. In a coherent population trapping experiment, a very narrow (approximately 1-kHz) resonance superimposed upon a broader resonance (approximately 100 kHz) was observed. The dependence of the width and the amplitude of the coherent resonance on the laser power density, on additional constant magnetic fields, on the laser frequency position along the fluorescence profile, and on Rb cells with different dimensions was investigated.
Power analysis of system-level on-chip communication architectures (2004)

For complex System-on-chips (SoCs) fabricated in nanometer technologies, the system-level on-chip communication architecture is emerging as a significant source of power consumption. Managing and optimizing this important component of SoC power requires a detailed understanding of the characteristics of its power consumption.Various power estimation and low-power design techniques have been proposed for the global interconnects that form part of SoC communication architectures (e.g., low-swing buses, bus encoding, etc). While effective, they only address a limited part of communication architecture power consumption. A state-of-the-art communication architecture, viewed in its entirety, is quite complex, comprising several components, such as bus interfaces, arbiters, bridges, decoders, and multiplexers, in addition to the global bus lines. Relatively little research has focused on analyzing and comparing the power consumed by different components of the communication architecture.In this work, we present a systematic evaluation and analysis of the power consumed by a state-of-the-art communication architecture (the AMBA on-chip bus), using a commercial design flow. We focus on developing a quantitative understanding of the relative contributions of different communication architecture components to its power consumption, and the factors on which they depend. We decompose the communication architecture power into power consumed by logic components (such as arbiters, decoders, bus bridges), global bus lines (that carry address, data, and control information), and bus interfaces. We also perform studies that analyze the impact of varying application traffic characteristics, and varying SoC complexity, on communication architecture power. Based on our analyses, we evaluate different techniques for reducing the power consumed by the on-chip communication architecture, and compare their effectiveness in achieving power savings at the system level. In addition to quantitatively reinforcing the view that on-chip communication is an important target for system-level power optimization, our work demonstrates (i) the importance of considering the communication architecture in its entirety, and (ii) the opportunities that exist for power reduction through careful communication architecture design.
Toothpastes containing 0.3% and 0.5% triclosan. II. Effects of single brushings on salivary bacterial counts. (1989)

For antimicrobials such as chlorhexidine antiplaque activity appears due to persistence of considerable antimicrobial action in the mouth. The substantivity of antimicrobial compounds can be evaluated by measuring the magnitude and duration of salivary bacterial counts following a single exposure. Such data has been shown to correlate with plaque inhibitory properties of antimicrobial compounds. This study measured the effects of single brushings with 0.3% and 0.5% triclosan with or without PVM/MA copolymer in toothpastes on salivary bacterial counts in 14 young adults. The results were compared with single rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution, water and a single brushing with a commercial fluoride toothpaste. The study was a 7 cell cross-over design, randomized using a 7x7 latin square design. Chlorhexidine produced large and significant reductions which persisted to the 7 hour measurement time with no indication of count recovery at this time. The triclosan pastes containing the copolymer produced significant reductions which did not persist beyond 5 hours and evidence of bacterial count recovery with a paste containing triclosan but no copolymer (increments) was apparent after 30 minutes. The water and control paste produced no significant effects on counts. Intertreatment comparisons showed the chlorhexidine rinse more effective than all other preparations in all time periods. Some of the triclosan toothpastes containing the copolymer produced significantly greater effects compared to water or the control paste at some, but not all time periods. There was little difference between the triclosan pastes with the copolymer. Nevertheless, the duration and magnitude of salivary bacterial count reductions seen with the triclosan toothpastes may explain the plaque inhibition effect.
cDNA Cloning and Expression of the Human Homolog of the Sea Urchin <i>fascin</i> and <i>Drosophila singed</i> Genes Which Encodes an Actin-Bundling Protein (1994)

cDNA clones having extensive sequence identity with the sea urchin fascin and the Drosophila singed gene products were isolated from a human teratocarcinoma cDNA library. The human homolog, termed hsn, is a single-copy gene that was localized to human chromosome 7p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and is predicted to encode a 493-amino-acid product with a molecular mass of approximately 55,000. This protein would be similar in size to the fascin and singed proteins, as well as a previously described 55-kD actin-bundling protein that was purified from HeLa cells. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the 55-kD HeLa protein were reactive against a bacterially expressed hsn fusion protein, indicating that the hsn gene probably encodes the 55-kD protein. The hsn mRNA was variably expressed in all human tissues analyzed and was highly expressed in actively growing renal carcinoma cell lines and in activated, but not in resting, lymphocytes, suggesting a functional role for hsn in proliferation. The fascin family lacks homology with other characterized actin-binding proteins, and the high degree of evolutionary conservation of these proteins indicates a functional importance of their actin-bundling properties.
High speed downlink packet access performance (2002)

The overall throughout and delay performance of the 1XTREME proposal in 3GPP2 and the HSDPA proposal in 3GPP are provided. The performance sensitivity to call model, peak data rate, hybrid ARQ, C/I feedback delay, and multipath interference is examined using a quasistatic system simulator. In all cases, performance is bounded using two simple scheduling approaches, maximum C/I and round robin.
Evaluation of the Anti-oxidative Effect (<i>in vitro</i>) of Tea Polyphenols (2003)

Forty-three polyphenols from tea leaves were evaluated for their anti-oxidative effect against lipid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method in vitro. Among these, 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (hydrolyzable tannin) showed the highest anti-oxidative activity against lipid peroxidation, even stronger than that of 3-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). The assay demonstrates that tea polyphenols, except for desgalloylated dimeric proanthocyanidins that possess a catechin structure in the upper unit and desgalloylated flavan-3-ols, and excepting theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate, had more anti-oxidative activity than that of alpha-tocopherol. The chemical structure-activity relationship shows that the anti-oxidative action advanced with the condensation of two molecules of flavan-3-ols as well as with 3-O-acylation in the flavan skeleton such as that by galloyl, (3'-O-methyl)-galloyl, and p-coumaroyl groups.
Preliminary report on a catalyst derived from induced cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain DAP 96253 that delays the ripening of selected climacteric fruit: bananas, avocados, and peaches (2011)

Despite the use of refrigeration, improved packaging, adsorbents, and ethylene receptor blockers, on average, nearly 40% of all fruits and vegetables harvested in the US are not consumed. Many plant products, especially fruit, continue to ripen after harvesting, and as they do so, become increasingly susceptible to mechanical injury, resulting in increased rot. Other plant products during transportation and storage are susceptible to chill injury (CI). There is a real need for products that can delay ripening or mitigate the effects of CI, yet still permit full ripeness and quality to be achieved. Preliminary results are discussed where catalyst derived from cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous DAP 96253, grown under conditions that induced high levels of nitrile hydratase, were able to extend the ripening and thus the shelf-life of selected climacteric fruits (banana, avocado, and peach). A catalyst, when placed in proximity to, but not touching, the test fruit delayed the ripening but did not alter the final ripeness of the fruit tested. Organoleptic evaluations conducted with control peaches and with peaches exposed to, but not in contact with, the catalyst showed that the catalyst-treated peaches achieved full, natural levels of ripeness with respect to aroma, flavor, sweetness, and juice content. Furthermore, the results of delayed ripening were achieved at ambient temperatures (without the need for refrigeration).
Scenario Search on the Grid of Environmental Data Sources (2006)

We present the Environmental Scenario Search Engine (ESSE), a set of algorithms and software tools for distributed querying and mining large environmental data archives. The principal requirement of the ESSE system is to allow the user to query the data in meaningful “human linguistic ” terms. The mapping between human language and computer systems involves fuzzy logic. We use a data resource web service abstraction layer to virtualize spatio-temporal databases, providing our search engine with time-series of environmental parameters. The data resource interface is implemented as a set of OGSA-DAI components with simple input and output XML schemes. Time-series selected from a data resource in XML format can be mined for environmental events by the ESSE or used after XSLT transformation by other clients, Microsoft Excel 2003 being one of the examples. 1 Introduction and
Finding Glass (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of finding glass objects in images. Visual cues obtained by combining the systematic distortions in background texture occurring at the boundaries of transparent objects with the strong highlights typical of glass surfaces are used to train a hierarchy of classifiers, identify glass edges, and find consistent support regions for these edges. Qualitative and quantitative experiments involving a number of different classifiers and real images are presented.
Synthesis of Carbapenam Skeletons Using a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cyclization (2000)

Carbapenam is a very important skeleton of beta-lactam antibiotics, and it has a highly strained structure. When enynes 9 were treated with RuH(2)CO(PPh(3))(3) (10 mol %) in toluene upon heating, carbapenams 10 were obtained in good yields.
Genotype may correlate with liver carcinogenesis and tumor characteristics in cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis B virus subtype <i>adw</i> (2001)

To identify the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype on development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and clinical outcome in chronic HBV infection, 26 consecutive cirrhotic patients infected with HBV subtype adw were investigated prospectively. HBV serology was undertaken using subtype-specific antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigens. The HBV genotype was determined by sequencing directly the polymerase chain reaction products of the HBV S gene. When HCC occurred, patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization therapy. If tumor necrosis was incomplete, additional embolization therapy was carried out after a 3- to 4-month interval. At a median follow-up of 14.1 years (range 2.2 to 31.7), HCC occurred in 9 (35%) of 26 patients. Nineteen patients were infected with genotype B and 7 with genotype C. Four of the 19 genotype B patients (21%) and 5 of the 7 genotype C patients (71%) developed HCC (P = 0.058). Patient age (<45 years or 45 < or = ) at diagnosis of cirrhosis was the only significant independent factor influencing liver carcinogenesis by multiple logistic regression analysis and Cox's regression analysis (P = 0.0069 and 0.029, respectively). When analysis was limited to the age of 45 years or more at the last visit, genotype was the only contributory factor to HCC development by univariate analysis (P = 0.038). Whereas genotype B patients responded well to embolization therapy and had no recurrence of HCC for a prolonged period of time, genotype C patients showed poor responses and died of hepatic failure due to rapid HCC progression despite embolization therapy. The cumulative incidence of survival was significantly higher in the genotype B group (P = 0.0049). The HBV genotype correlated with the development of HCC, response to embolization therapy, and recurrence of HCC. Determination of HBV genotype may be useful in predicting outcomes in HBV subtype adw-related cirrhosis.
Near Field Communication (2012)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that enables a device to communicate with another at a maximum distance of around 20cm or less. Currently, mobile phone manufacturers, banking institutions and mobile network providers are attempting to apply this technology to Smartphones and other handheld devices because of the opportunity to enable the consumer to use commercial services more easily. This paper discusses the expected increase in mobile payments using Near Field Communication, possible uses and the risks associated with carrying out transactions over a wireless network. We also discuss a real world implementation of an NFC based loyalty card system for retail. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.234
Zinc-mediated allylation of carbon dioxide—the LiOAc effect (2014)

A direct carboxylation reaction of allylic bromides mediated by zinc powder with 1 atm of CO<sub>2</sub> provided by a balloon has been developed. The reaction occurred smoothly at room temperature in the presence of LiOAc with an excellent branched regioselectivity.
Part 1 Synthesis of a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor; Part 2 Studies towards a stabilized helix-turn-helix peptide (2007)

The first part of this work describes the synthesis of a new histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDI). HDAC enzymes modify core histones, influence nucleosome structure and change gene transcription by removing the acetyl groups from lysine residues on proteins. HDIs are showing exciting potential as a new class of drugs for cancer and a variety of other diseases. A new HDAC inhibitor based on the hydroxamic acid motif has been synthesized. Two characteristic structural features were incorporated into the design of the novel inhibitor. A cyclic peptide mimetic of known structure was fused to a hydroxamic acid moiety through an aliphatic chain. The HDAC inhibitor provided significant inhibitory activity against HDACs with an IC50 value of 46 ± 15 nM, and against HDAC8 with an IC50 value of 208 ± 20 nM. The potent HDAC inhibitory activity of the HDAC inhibitor demonstrates the importance of the rim recognition region in the design of HDIs. The hydrophobic cyclic turn mimic allows the formation of a tight complex between HDI and HDAC enzymes. The second part of this work is to synthesize secondary structure mimics and incorporate them into the helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. One of the important methods to study the conformation of the biologically active peptides is to incorporate the rigid peptidomimetics into the relevant peptides. Important information can be obtained from the study of conformationally constrained peptides. HTH proteins are well characterized and found in many organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The relatively small size, simple structure, and significance in stabilizing tertiary structures make the HTH peptide an attractive target to mimic. Both a Gly HTH turn mimic and a Ser HTH turn mimic were synthesized using stereoselective hydrogenation and macrocyclization starting from unnatural amino acids in a yield of 33% and 14%, respectively. The synthesis of Fmoc protected HTH turn mimics allowed incorporation into HTH peptides using Fmoc chemistry on solid phase. The incorporation of the HTH turn mimics into the peptides proved to be challenging, either by sequential elongation or by segment condensation. Alternative peptide synthesis strategies were employed in attempts to solve the problems.
The automorphism group of the field of complex numbers is complete (1997)

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From server consolidation to network consolidation (2012)

During the past couple of decades, applications, computers and even the networks themselves have proliferated. Today this complexity is a major obstacle for many organisations. Over the past 20 years, companies of all sizes have implemented information technology networks to run and manage their business. During that time the applications and computers and even the networks themselves have multiplied and proliferated, resulting in a highly complex ICT environment. Today this complexity is a major obstacle for many organisations. However, network consolidation can provide an easy solution to this problem and at the same time help enterprises improve network efficiency, maximise their ICT investment and ultimately drive business success. Melvyn Wray of Allied Telesis examines the benefits of network consolidation, which include more effective and responsive security.
A bimetallic iron(<scp>iii</scp>) catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>/epoxide coupling (2010)

A novel di-iron(III) catalyst for the copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and CO(2) to yield poly(cyclohexene carbonate), under mild conditions, is reported. The catalyst selectivity was completely changed on addition of an ammonium co-catalyst to yield only the cis-isomer of the cyclic carbonate, also under mild conditions. Additionally, the catalyst was active for propylene carbonate and styrene carbonate production at 1 atm pressure.