gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Measurement of the Optical Volume Scattering Function in the Upper Ocean (2003)

A new method to measure the optical volume scattering function (VSF) of seawater is presented. The VSF is a fundamental property used in the calculation of radiative transfer for applications as diverse as upper-ocean heating by solar radiation to laser ranging of the sea bottom. The approach differs from traditional ones and involves use of a special periscope prism that allows the direct determination of the VSF over a wide range of angles (0.6°–177.3°) with an angular resolution of 0.3°. Measurements taken in the laboratory using Barnstead International, Inc., Nanopure water, cleaned seawater, and known additions of defined scatterers indicate close correspondence between experimental data and theoretical simulations based on Mie theory over the angle range from 12° to 170°. Field deployments in the Atlantic Ocean continental shelf water are shown to produce high quality measurements of the VSF in the angle range from 0.6° to 177.3°; such observations have not been available before. The new data show that there is significant environmental variance in the VSF for small angles (from less than 1° to several degrees) in the forward direction and from 170° to 177.3° in the backward direction. The resulting observations are of profound and fundamental importance to the accurate modeling of the propagation of radiation in the ocean.
Deutschlandpolitische Zielvorstellungen bis 1949 (1991)

Zunächst gilt es, die deutschlandpolitischen Wert- und Zielvorstellungen darzustellen, von denen der erste Bundeskanzler im Herbst 1949 ausgegangen ist. Der damals 73jährige besaß ein fest umrissenes Weltbild, bei dessen politischer Umsetzung er Grundsatz- und Prinzipientreue mit situationsgerechter Anpassung zu verbinden wußte.33
Direction-of-arrival estimation of broadband microwave signals in phased-array antennas using photonic techniques (2006)

A photonic technique for detecting the angle of arrival of broadband microwave signals in phased-array antennas is proposed. Using a photonic microwave filter and measuring the frequency of the notches created by the filter over the broadband signal, it is possible to derive its direction of arrival, even in the presence of several sources. The technique is intended to be used in optical-beamforming networks for phased array antennas. The architecture of the optical-beamforming network will be barely modified adding just a few additional components. Experiments showing the feasibility of the technique are provided.
Identification of a Novel Homotypic Interaction Motif Required for the Phosphorylation of Receptor-interacting Protein (RIP) by RIP3 (2002)

Receptor-interacting protein (RIP), a Ser/Thr kinase component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 signaling complex, mediates activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. RIP2 and RIP3 are related kinases that share extensive sequence homology with the kinase domain of RIP. Unlike RIP, which has a C-terminal death domain, and RIP2, which has a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain, RIP3 possesses a unique C terminus. RIP3 binds RIP through this unique C-terminal segment to inhibit RIP- and TNF receptor-1-mediated NF-kappaB activation. We have identified a unique homotypic interaction motif at the C terminus of both RIP and RIP3 that is required for their association. Sixty-four amino acids within RIP3 and 88 residues within RIP are sufficient for interaction of the two proteins. This interaction is a prerequisite for RIP3-mediated phosphorylation of RIP and subsequent attenuation of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation.
Use of in Situ Isopropoxide Protection in the Metal−Halogen Exchange of Arylboronates (2007)

Isopropoxide protection of arylboronates allowed their use in metal-halogen exchange reactions. The isopropoxide-protected borate species were obtained from a boronate or in situ from dibromoarenes. meta- and para-dibromoarenes were converted via these intermediates into functionalized arylboronates in a one-pot manner.
A Fundamental Algorithm for Dependency Parsing (2004)

Abstract – This paper presents a fundamental algorithm for parsing natural language sentences into dependency trees. Unlike phrase-structure (constituency) parsers, this algorithm operates one word at a time, attaching each word as soon as it can be attached, corresponding to properties claimed for the parser in the human brain. Like phrasestructure parsing, its worst-case complexity is O(n 3), but in human language, the worst case occurs only for small n. 1 Overview. This paper develops, from first principles, several variations on a fundamental algorithm for parsing natural language into dependency trees. This is an exposition of an algorithm that has been known, in some form, since the 1960s but is not presented systematically in the extant literature. Unlike phrase-structure (constituency) parsers, this algorithm operates one word at a time, attaching each word as soon as it can be attached. There is good evidence that the parsing process used by the human mind has these properties [1]. 2 Dependency grammar. 2.1 The key concept. There are two ways to describe sentence structure in natural language: by breaking up the sentence into constituents (phrases), which are then broken into smaller constituents (Fig. 1), or by drawing links connecting
Superhydrophobic Coatings and Oil and Water Separation (2017)

Abstract Coatings have the function of resistance to environmental attack, i.e. barrier protection, abrasion, chemical, yet a number of them have not been optimized to give high resistance against wetting when it comes to dual or enhanced properties and higher durability. Moreover, the wetting phenomena in coatings are also under-appreciated when it comes to de-icing and anti-MIC properties. This talk will highlight the fabrication of durable coatings with superhydrophobic coatings that can be fabricated from electrochemical polymers, casted coatings, and thermosetting curable coatings that can display superhydrophobic coatings and their resistance to corrosion. The use of these materials in screen-mesh or gravity filtration situations has shown their efficient properties in oil and water separation. The applications of these properties could be in the preparation or augmentation of high performance properties to existing coatings as well as addressing the various needs for oil-water separation or purification in offshore-coating technology platforms. The test will also highlight unique opportunities for high-throughput testing with PETRO Case.
A physical and circuit level approach for modeling turn-off characteristics of GTOs (1994)

In this paper, we present physical and circuit models, which are related via their parameters, to characterize the gated turn-off characteristics of thyristors. The physical model provides physical insight to the mechanism of turn-off in single islands, and investigates analytically, the dependence of storage time on external variables (anode and gate currents) and physical device parameters and dimensions. Such a characterization is useful since the current crowding effect (that limits current controllability in a multi-emitter structure) depends on the turn-off behavior of the unit cells. The circuit level approach provides a model which can be incorporated into CAD programs (such as SPICE) that can be used by application engineers to design a variety of power electronic circuits such as static VAr compensators (SVCs), The parameters of the circuit model are based on the physical model parameters and thus reflect the physical device properties and dimensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low Power Techniques on a High Speed Floating-point Adder Design (2007)

A 64 bit low power, high speed floating-point adder design is presented in this paper. The proposed floating-point adder is based on dual path architecture, and both dynamic and leakage power are reduced by exploiting architecture opportunities to minimize switching activity and maximize the stack effect of the circuits concurrently. Experimental result based on 130 nm CMOS standard cell design shows that average power consumptions of the FP adder can be reduced by 61.4% with proposed low power techniques.
17β-Estradiol Represses Myogenic Differentiation by Increasing Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 19 through Estrogen Receptor α (2011)

Skeletal muscles express estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ. However, the roles of estrogens acting through the ERs in skeletal muscles remain unclear. The effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on myogenesis were studied in C2C12 myoblasts. E2 and an ERα-selective agonist propylpyrazole-triol depressed myosin heavy chain (MHC), tropomyosin, and myogenin levels and repressed the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. ER antagonist ICI 182,780 cancelled E2-repressed myogenesis. E2 induced ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19 (USP19) expression during myogenesis. E2 replacement increased USP19 expression in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of ovariectomized mice. Knockdown of USP19 inhibited E2-repressed myogenesis. Mutant forms of USP19 lacking deubiquitinating activity increased MHC and tropomyosin levels. E2 decreased ubiquitinated proteins during myogenesis, and the E2-decreased ubiquitinated proteins were increased by knockdown of USP19. Propylpyrazole-triol increased USP19 expression, and ICI 182,780 inhibited E2-increased USP19 expression. Overexpression of ERα or knockdown of ERβ enhanced the effects of E2 on the levels of USP19, MHC, and tropomyosin, whereas knockdown of ERα, overexpression of ERβ, or an ERβ-selective agonist diarylpropionitrile abolished their effects. A mutant form of ERα that is constitutively localized in the nucleus increased USP19 expression and decreased MHC and tropomyosin expression in the presence of E2. Furthermore, in skeletal muscle satellite cells, E2 inhibited myogenesis and increased USP19 expression, and diarylpropionitrile repressed E2-increased USP19 expression. These results demonstrate that (i) E2 induces USP19 expression through nuclear ERα, (ii) increased USP19-mediated deubiquitinating activity represses myogenesis, and (iii) ERβ inhibits ERα-activated USP19 expression.
Coordinated implementation and processing of a unified chassis control algorithm with multi-central processing unit (2010)

This paper proposes a multi-core architecture for implementation of a unified chassis control (UCC) algorithm on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) which operates as a multi-core process. The proposed multi-core architecture aims to reduce the operating load and maximize the reliability for improving the performance of the UCC system. The proposed multi-core architecture supports distributed control with analytical and physical redundancy capabilities. The UCC algorithm used in this research consists of three parts: a supervisor, a main controller, and fault detection/isolation/tolerance control (FDI/FTC). These three components are implemented and evaluated with the multi-core process environment with the FPGA. An electronic control unit is configured by three MicroBlaze processors with FPGA, and a control area network (CAN) is also implemented for hardware-in-the-loop (HILS) evaluation. Three types of multi-core architectures, i.e. distributed processing, triple voting, and hybrid operation, are implemented to investigate the performance and reliability. A vehicle simulator and brake HILS are used to evaluate the proposed multi-core architectures. From the test results, it is shown that all of the proposed multi-core systems have better performance and improved reliability compared with the single core system. In particular, the hybrid operation architecture shows better reliability and performance compared with the other two multi-core architectures, distributed processing and triple voting.
Differences in microtubule binding and self-association abilities of bovine brain tau isoforms. (1993)

We have fractionated tau isoforms by elution at increasing pH values using iron-chelated affinity chromatography, which discriminates between isoforms phosphorylated to different extents. Microtubule-associated tau elutes from the column at a pH gradient narrower than that of total brain tau. Neither under-phosphorylated nor highly phosphorylated isoforms are found in the microtubule-associated tau protein preparation. This indicates that phosphorylation at certain sites is needed for tau binding to microtubules, whereas phosphorylation at some other sites may prevent the association. The self-association ability of the different tau isoforms has also been analyzed. Tau isoforms containing three tubulin binding motifs form covalently bound dimers more efficiently than tau isoforms containing four motifs. This dimer-forming ability is notably diminished in the presence of a reducing agent, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thus suggesting the involvement of cysteine residues. Additionally, tau forms larger aggregates, as detected by gel permeation chromatography, which are solubilized by SDS and cannot, therefore, be observed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These tau aggregates are observed even in the presence of reducing agents. These results support the idea that other regions in the tau molecule, besides the Cys-containing tubulin binding region, also contribute to tau self-association. Tau dimerization and aggregation may be prior steps to the formation of paired helical filaments.
Beyond supercontinuum generation : extreme pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber (2007)

International audience
Seismograph determination of salt-dome boundary using well detector deep on dome flank (1949)

Abstract A method is given for determining the boundary of a salt dome, based upon first-arrival time measurements of seismic waves from ordinary shotpoints distributed around the dome and received by a well detector within a deep hole flanking the dome. The three-dimensional problem of locating the dome boundary, taking account of radial and vertical changes of velocity within the surrounding sedimentary section, is solved by the determination of vertical and horizontal cross sections of 'aplanatic surfaces' as set forth. A practical procedure for such a survey is briefly outlined.
Human Beta Defensin 3 (HBD3) induces migration and activation of antigen presenting cells and acts as an immune enhancer (2008)

Beta Defensins (BDs) are small, cationic peptides, classified by their pattern of conserved cysteines, that are primarily known for their antimicrobial properties. They also act as chemoattractantagents for monocytes and dendritic cells in mammals The best characterized human BDs are HBD1, HBD2, and mouse BD1∼3 (MBD1∼3). HBD1∼2 and MBD2∼3 are chemotactic for immature dendritic cells (iDCs), memory T cells, and mast cells. HBD2 and MBD2 are capable of activating mast cells and DCs. Human β‐defensin 3 (hBD3) is a highly basic 45‐amino‐acid protein that acts both as an antimicrobial agent and as a chemoattractant molecule. The effects of HBD3 and its mouse ortholog, MBD14, on leukocytes are largely uncharacterized to date. Here we report that HBD3 simultaneously acts as a chemoattractant and activator of antigen presenting cells. Using synthetic and recombinant HBD3, we observed that HBD 3 induced migration of CD34 progenitor derived iDCs and CCR6 transfected HEK 293 cells in a dose dependent manner. HBD3 was also chemotactic for human monocytes and was able to induce calcium flux in or by monocytes. HBD3 also induced activation of monocytes by upregulating surface expression of costimulatory molecules like CD40, CD64, CD80, CD86, MHC class II and adhesion molucles like LFA3 and ICAM1. Furthermore HBD3 induced production of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1beta and TNF alpha by monocytes. When injected into mouse peritoneal cavity, HBD3 also caused a marked recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Thus, HBD3 appears to be an important mobilizer and activator of innate inflammatory and adaptive immune responses.
Comparative Study of Antiseptic Toxicity on Basal Keratinocytes, Transformed Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts (1990)

The cytotoxic effects of a range of antiseptic agents were examined on cultured human fibroblasts and basal keratinocytes and compared to those on a transformed keratinocyte line (SVK 14 cells). Cells were exposed to chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and cell viability was assessed 24 h later with a colorimetric assay which utilizes the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). At concentrations recommended for wound cleansing all agents produced 100% killing of all cell types. The results show that fibroblasts and keratinocytes, cells which are fundamental to the wound healing process are equally sensitive to the effects of the antiseptic agents tested, and are highly susceptible to the effects of free-chlorine containing agents. These observations are of particular importance to the use of cultured keratinocytes (culture grafts) to enhance wound healing; the application of antiseptics to such wounds is contraindicated. All three cell types tested showed similar susceptibilities to the agents tested. These findings suggest that the transformed cell line, which has the advantage of immortality and ready availability, can replace fibroblasts and keratinocytes in studies designed to investigate the adverse effects of antiseptic agents in vitro. Comparison of the ED<sub>5</sub>o concentration for each agent on all cell types to the standard use concentration produced a ranking order of toxicity which showed chlorhexidine to be the least toxic agent and sodium hypochlorite the most. These findings are in agreement with recent in vivo studies on wound healing which have shown that chlorhexidine does not inhibit wound healing but that sodium hypochlorite inhibits both the formation of granulation tissue and re-epithelialization.
Patch clamping : an introductory guide to patch clamp electrophysiology (2003)

Preface. Introduction. Basic Theoretical Principles. Requirements. The Practice of Patch Clamping. Whole-cell Protocols and Data Analysis. Single-channel Protocols and Data Analysis. Further Reading. Index.
A Study of the Causality and Lead-Lag Relationships in the MCX Spot and Futures Indices (2015)

This paper aims to investigate the causal relationships and lead-lag behaviors in the Indian Commodities market, by the use of econometric techniques. The study aims to apply the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify the lead-lag relationships, direction and speed of adjustments in the Indian commodities market. The findings of this study suggest that, in the long run, the spot markets lead the futures in most of the commodity segments, while there is a causal relationship from futures to spot also in the case of Energy segment alone. It also finds out the extent to which the futures markets adjust in order to reach the equilibrium in the long run. This study can be helpful when deciding policy changes, regulatory frameworks, and investment and portfolio decisions.
Informative correlation extraction from and for Forex market analysis (2010)

The forex market is a complex, evolving, and a non-linear dynamical system, and its forecast is difficult due to high data intensity, noise/outliers, unstructured data and high degree of uncertainty. However, the exchange rate of a currency is often found surprisingly similar to the history or the variation of an alternative currency, which implies that correlation knowledge is valuable for forex market trend analysis. In this research, we propose a computational correlation analysis for the intelligent correlation extraction from all available economic data. The proposed correlation is a synthesis of channel and weighted Pearson's correlation, where the channel correlation traces the trend similarity of time series, and the weighted Pearson's correlation filters noise in correlation extraction. In the forex market analysis, we consider 3 particular aspects of correlation knowledge: (1) historical correlation, correlation to previous market data; (2) cross-currency correlation, correlation to relevant currencies, and (3) macro correlation, correlation to macroeconomic variables. While evaluating the validity of extracted correlation knowledge, we conduct a comparison of Support Vector Regression (SVR) against the correlation aided SVR (cSVR) for forex time series prediction, where correlation in addition to the observed forex time series data is used for the training of SVR. The experiments are carried out on 5 futures contracts (NZD/AUD, NZD/EUD, NZD/GBP, NZD/JPY and NZD/USD) within the period from January 2007 to December 2008. The comparison results show that the proposed correlation is computationally significant for forex market analysis in that the cSVR is performing consistently better than purely SVR on all 5 contracts exchange rate prediction, in terms of error functions MSE, RMSE, NMSE, MAE and MAPE. However, the cSVR prediction is found occasionally differing significantly from the actual price, which suggests that despite the significance of the proposed correlation, how to use correlation knowledge for market trend analysis remains a very challenging difficulty that prevents in practice further understanding of the forex market. In addition, the selection of macroeconomic factors and the determination of time period for analysis are two computationally essential points worth addressing further for future forex market correlation analysis.
Effect of vitamin-antioxidant micronutrients on the frequency of spontaneous and <i>in vitro</i> γ-ray-induced micronuclei in lymphocytes of donors: the age factor (1996)

The effect of prolonged consumption of a vitamin-antioxidant mixture (VAM) on the frequency of spontaneous and in vitro gamma-radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in donors of various ages was investigated. Three groups of donors were recruited: (i) 56-83 years old (35 subjects), (ii) 23-30 years old (13 subjects), and (iii) 63-82 years old (12 subjects). Blood was sampled every 4 months for one year in all donors of the three groups. After the first sampling of blood, the donors of groups (i) and (ii) took VAM containing the vitamins A, C, E, as well as beta-carotene, folic acid, and rutin daily for 4 months. After the second blood sampling, the intake of VAM was terminated. The third blood sample was taken 4 months after termination of VAM intake. A part of the blood was exposed to gamma-radiation and the frequency of spontaneous and induced MN in lymphocytes was assayed. The analyses showed that the frequency of spontaneous and in vitro gamma-ray-induced MN in aged donors was significantly higher than that in young donors. No seasonal variations in MN frequency were observed in human lymphocytes during one year. Aged donors showed a statistically significant decrease in spontaneous MN in lymphocytes after a 4 month period of consumption of VAM. The intake of VAM by both aged and young donors promoted a decrease in MN induced lymphocytes in vitro by gamma-radiation. The results of our observations enable the suggestion that consumption of VAM favours a decrease in the chromosome damage produced by endogenous and exogenous factors in human lymphocytes.
Design of a surgeon-machine interface for teleoperated microsurgery (2003)

It is not uncommon for a microsurgeon to perform 150-200- mu m movements during an operation. Many techniques requiring even smaller movements will not be possible due to the basic limits of human dexterity. To address this need, the authors have begun development of a bimanual telemicrorobotics system featuring high-precision robotic manipulators, which in turn position the microsurgeon's tools. To provide the microsurgeon with effective control of the manipulators, a bimanual surgeon-machine interface (SMI) must be developed. The authors address the design constraints of such an interface and present some possibilities for such a system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>