gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Current Status of Material Used for Depot Delivery of Drugs (2004)

The ideal local antibiotic delivery system has not been created. Antibiotic-laden bone cement has become the gold standard in the treatment of infected orthopaedic implants and there are confirmatory laboratory and clinical data that support the use of these materials. Heat-stable antibiotics elute from antibiotic-laden bone cement and do not have a notable influence on the compressive strengths of bone cement if the antibiotics are used in appropriate amounts. If the proper antibiotic is chosen, placed in the appropriately porous materials in sufficient amounts, and implanted in bone, antibiotic levels in the surrounding bone are many times greater than can be achieved by safe systemic antibiotic doses. Although the materials that have been manufactured commercially have been used for over 30 years in Europe, until recently, they have not been available in the United States. Currently, there are five antibiotic-laden bone cement composites that have been approved by the FDA and that are available for clinical use. Studies are being done to search for biodegradable implants preferable to antibiotic-laden bone cement; however, these studies and the materials are still in early stages and development. Currently, there are no FDA-approved biodegradable materials available for use to treat infected orthopaedic implants. As new materials become available and their elution characteristics are recorded, it is important for surgeons to understand how the data were collected so they can have a clear understanding of the elution characteristics of the material used and how the material acts in different environments. Even with extensive historic, clinical, and research data that prove the effectiveness of antibiotic-laden cement, the ideal drug delivery system is neither agreed on nor available.
Protective Properties and Surface Localization of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Enolase (2007)

The enolase protein of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has recently been characterized. Apart from its glycolytic function, enolase has also been shown to possess antigenic properties and to be present on the cell wall of certain invasive organisms, such as Candida albicans. In order to assess whether enolase of P. falciparum is also antigenic, sera from residents of a region of Eastern India where malaria is endemic were tested against the recombinant P. falciparum enolase (r-Pfen) protein. About 96% of immune adult sera samples reacted with r-Pfen over and above the seronegative controls. Rabbit anti-r-Pfen antibodies inhibited the growth of in vitro cultures of P. falciparum. Mice immunized with r-Pfen showed protection against a challenge with the 17XL lethal strain of the mouse malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii. The antibodies raised against r-Pfen were specific for Plasmodium and did not react to the host tissues. Immunofluorescence as well as electron microscopic examinations revealed localization of the enolase protein on the merozoite cell surface. These observations establish malaria enolase to be a potential protective antigen.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azobenzene Based Titania Nanoparticles Coated Cotton Fibers (2019)

In this paper, we report the synthesis of a highly photocatalytic titanium dioxide nanoparticles bonded with azobenzene and cotton by simple sol-gel method. The synthesized azobenzene based titania nanoparticles coated cotton fibers were characterized using UV-visible and SEM and reported their antimicrobial activity. It was observed that the presence of titanium dioxide bonded with azobenzene effectively prevents both the cotton fibers from getting contaminated.
Spontaneous remission of severe hyperparathyroidism with normalization of the reversed whole PTH/intact PTH ratio in a haemodialysis patient (2007)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common and serious abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite recent progress in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism, advanced uraemic nodular hyperplasia, or rarely, sporadic primary adenoma accompanied by chronic renal failure is usually resistant to medical treatment and requires parathyroidectomy [1,2]. Spontaneous remission of hyperparathyroidism is a very rare complication, either primary or secondary, especially in patients on dialysis. The aetiology of spontaneous infarction has not been elucidated, but excessive tissue growth may well be one of the most clinically relevant factors, because a large parathyroid gland is susceptible to ischaemic insult [3]. For the management of hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease, second-generation PTH assays, such as intact PTH assay, have been widely used [4]. However, these assays react not only with full-length PTH (1–84), but also with large C-terminal fragments, mostly PTH (7–84). The newly developed third-generation PTH assays, such as whole PTH assay, are more sensitive and specific when measuring bioactive PTH (1–84) [5]; therefore, PTH values obtained with second-generation assay are generally higher than those obtained with third-generation PTH assay [6]. Rare exceptions to this rule, however, have been reported in severe primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma [7–10]. We present here a case of a haemodialysis patient with severe hyperparathyroidism, in whom abnormally higher whole PTH levels than intact PTH levels normalized after
Big Data Analytics in Supply Chain Management: Trends and Related Research (2014)

Big Data Analytics offers vast prospects in today’s business transformation.Whilst big data have remarkably captured the attentions of both practitioners and researchers especially in the financial services and marketing sectors, there is a myriad of premises that big data analytics can play even more crucial roles in Supply ChainManagement (SCM). This paper therefore intends to explore these premises. The investigation ranges from the fundamentals of big data analytics, its taxonomy and the level of maturity of big data analytics solutions in each of them, to implementation issues and best practices. Finally, some examples of advanced analytics applications will also be presented as a way of unveiling some of the relatively unexplored territories in big data analytics research.
A Distributed Model for Mobile Robot Environment-Learning and Navigation (1990)

A distributed method for mobile robot navigation, spatial learning, and path planning is presented. It is implemented on a sonar-based physical robot, Toto, consisting of three competence layers: 1) Low-level navigation: a collection of reflex-like rules resulting in emergent boundary-tracing. 2) Landmark detection: dynamically extracts landmarks from the robot's motion. 3) Map learning: constructs a distributed map of landmarks. The parallel implementation allows for localization in constant time. Spreading of activation computes both topological and physical shortest paths in linear time. The main issues addressed are: distributed, procedural, and qualitative representation and computation, emergent behaviors, dynamic landmarks, minimized communication.
A computational model of a dual-wavelength solid-state laser (1990)

A rate equation model of a Y-cavity solid-state laser with a single active medium operating simultaneously on two laser lines having a common upper level is described. Application is made to Nd3+ : YAG, where the 1.06-μm and 1.32-μm infrared lines can be sum-frequency mixed to produce 0.589-μm yellow radiation. The model is used to optimize cavity design with respect to efficiency of sum-frequency mixing.
A Novel and Inexpensive Vaginal Hysterectomy Simulator (2012)

This technical report details the construction of a vaginal hysterectomy simulator, the individual parts, the cost of each part, and the results of a blinded survey of resident physicians who used the simulator during their vaginal hysterectomy instruction.
Measurement of vitamin B12-binding proteins of plasma. I. Technique (1975)

The unsaturated binding capacities (UBBC) of individual vitamin B12- binding proteins in plasma were measured by a two-step procedure. Transcobalamin II (TC II) was separated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate; the “R”-type binders remaining soluble were then divided into two components by bath separation with anion exchange on DEAE- cellulose. The two R components were designated alpha1-R (TC 1) and alpha2-R (third binder, fetal binder, PV binder, TC III). Ten normal sera were studied by this technique giving a separation into TC III and total plasma R identical to that obtained simultaneously by gel filtration. The mean UBBC of TC II was 969 plus or minus 204 pg of 57 Co B12 per ml of serum. The mean contamination of the precipitated TC III with plasma R was 3%. The UBBCs of alpha 2-R and alpha 1-R were 127 plus or minus 42 and 40 plus or minus 12 pg/ml, respectively. The mean contamination of the R fraction by TC II was 14% as evaluated by gel filtration. By isoelectric focusing it was found that the alpha1-R contained principally those components isoelectric at pH isoelectric at pH of 2.9–3.2, while alpha2-R was made up of those components isoelectric at pH of 3.6 or greater.
Cobalt cyanoaurate: Crystal structure of a component from cobalt-hardened gold electroplating baths (1982)

Cobalt cyanoaurate (I) Co[Au(CN)2]2 is a new material derived from cobalt-hardened gold electroplating bath solutions that crystallizes in the hexagonal system with space group P6422 and six formula weights in a unit cell with a = 8.434±0.004 and c = 20.695±0.006 Å at 298 K. The integrated intensities of a full sphere of reciprocal space, within a radius of (sin ϑ)/λ = 0.85 Å−1, were measured using graphite monochromated MoKα with a CAD-4 diffractometer. The resulting total of 12 037 structure factors gave 1969 terms after averaging, of which 717 were accepted as reliably observed. Patterson and Fourier series were used to solve the crystal structure, which was refined by the method of least squares: the final agreement factor R = 0.0358. The atomic thermal vibrations are highly anisotropic. The Au(CN)−2 ion departs slightly but significantly from linearity with a C–Au–C angle of 173.1±1.5° and mean Au–C–N angle of 170.6±1.7°. The cyano groups also form tetrahedral Co(NC)2−4 ions: conversion to the octahedral Co(NC)2−6 ion occurs at high concentrations of K+ in solution. The crystal radius of high-spin Co(II) decreases by 0.15 Å as the coordination changes from octahedral to tetrahedral, for a two-coordinated N radius of 1.245 Å. The mean Au–C distance is 2.003±0.016 Å with C–N = 1.124±0.021 Å and Co–N = 1.973±0.013 Å. The mismatch between Au–Au separations in Co[Au(CN)2]2 and in (111) of elementary Au is less than 8%. The identical but rotated sequence of Au–Au separations at the c/3 and 2c/3 levels in Co[Au(CN)2]2 coincides within 2.4% with the corresponding spacings in the element normal to (111) at the a√3 and 2a√3 levels. These small mismatches could result in epitaxial overgrowth leading to gold hardening and incorporation of the observed impurities in the electrodeposit.
Real options for risk management in information technology projects (2003)

Given the rapid pace of technological innovation, IT projects (especially software projects) are fraught with technology risk. Anticipating the pace of future innovation is difficult but essential. Furthermore, once a decision is made to invest in a current technology, additional risks are involved in deciding exactly how much to invest at each stage of the implementation process. Financial options are extensively used for risk management in various industries. Real or embedded options are analogs of these financial options and can be used for everlasting investment decisions made under significant uncertainty. Real options can be identified in the form of opportunity to invest in a currently available innovative project with an additional consideration of the strategic value associated with the possibility of future and follow-up investments due to emergence of another related innovation in future. We explain how option valuation techniques can be used for assessment and management of risks in the adoption of technological innovations. We also present a new risk driven process framework that is well suited for risk management of software projects.
Facile synthesis of a new class of aggregation-induced emission materials derived from triphenylethylene (2010)

A series of new aggregation-induced emission compounds with strong blue light-emitting properties derived from triphenylethylene were facilely synthesized by a Wittig–Horner reaction of bis(4-bromophenyl)methanone with diethyl 4-bromobenzylphosphonate, followed by a Suzuki reaction with arylboronic acids. Their maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths were 452–462 nm. The glass transition temperatures ranged from 70–145 °C, and the decomposition temperatures were 360–508 °C. The unoptimized device fabricated with benzofuranyl substituted compound as emitter turned on at ∼6 V, and the maximum luminance was ∼1500 cd m−2.
Extracellular anti-angiogenic proteins augment an endosomal protein trafficking pathway to reach mitochondria and execute apoptosis in HUVECs (2018)

Classic endocytosis destinations include the recycling endosome returning to the plasma membrane or the late endosome (LE) merging with lysosomes for cargo degradation. However, the anti-angiogenic proteins angiostatin and isthmin, are endocytosed and trafficked to mitochondria (Mito) to execute apoptosis of endothelial cells. How these extracellular proteins reach mitochondria remains a mystery. Through confocal and super-resolution fluorescent microscopy, we demonstrate that angiostatin and isthmin are trafficked to mitochondria through the interaction between LE and Mito. Using purified organelles, the LE-Mito interaction is confirmed through in vitro lipid-fusion assay, as well as single vesicle total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy. LE-Mito interaction enables the transfer of not only lipids but also proteins from LE to Mito. Angiostatin and isthmin augment this endosomal protein trafficking pathway and make use of it to reach mitochondria to execute apoptosis. Cell fractionation and biochemical analysis identified that the cytosolic scaffold protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) associated with LE and the t-SNARE protein synaptosome-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP25) associated with Mito form an interaction complex to facilitate LE-Mito interaction. Proximity ligation assay coupled with fluorescent microscopy showed that both NHERF1 and SNAP25 are located at the contacting face between LE and Mito. RNAi knockdown of either NHERF1 or SNAP25 suppressed not only the mitochondrial trafficking of angiostatin and isthmin but also their anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic functions. Hence, this study reveals a previously unrealized endosomal protein trafficking pathway from LE to Mito that allows extracellular proteins to reach mitochondria and execute apoptosis.
DIFFERENTIAL SOIL IMPEDANCE OBSTACLE DETECTION (2005)

This project aimed at developing a new and unique obstacle detection sensor for horizontal directional drilling (HDD) equipment. The development of this new technology will greatly improve the reliability and safety of natural gas HDD construction practices. This sensor utilizes a differential soil impedance measurement technique that will be sensitive to the presence of plastic and ceramic, as well as metallic obstacles. The use of HDD equipment has risen significantly in the gas industry because HDD provides a much more cost-effective and less disruptive method for gas pipe installation than older, trenching methods. However, there have been isolated strikes of underground utilities by HDD equipment, which may have been avoided if methods were available to detect other underground obstacles when using HDD systems. GTI advisors from the gas industry ranked the value of solving the obstacle detection problem as the most important research and development project for GTI to pursue using Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) funds available through its industry partner, GTI. GTI proposed to develop a prototype down-hole sensor system that is simple and compact. The sensor utilizes an impedance measurement technique that is sensitive to the presence of metallic or non-metallic objects in the proximity of the HDD head. The system will use a simple sensor incorporated into the drill head. The impedance of the soil will be measured with a low frequency signal injected through the drill head itself. A pair of bridge type impedance sensors, mounted orthogonal to one another, is coupled to the soil. Inclusions in the soil will cause changes to the sensor balance distinguishable from homogeneous soil. The sensor will provide range and direction data for obstacles near the HDD head. The goal is to provide a simple, robust system that provides the information required to avoid obstacles. This must be done within the size and ruggedness constraints of the HDD equipment. Imaging obstacles is not within the scope of this work, as it would require a more elaborate sensor than is practical within the HDD head.
The Ratio Between Collagenase Class I and Class II Influences the Efficient Islet Release From the Rat Pancreas (2008)

The present study demonstrates that the C-ratio is of significant relevance for the outcome after enzymatic rat islet isolation. The data indicate further that purified collagenase class I or class II does not damage islet tissue even if used in excess. The present study can serve as a start for subsequent experiments in the human pancreas.
The Professional Cricketer in England in the Nineteenth Century (1972)

The growth of cricket as a major participant and spectator sport in the nineteenth century was due to many factors as yet not fully under stood or explained. It is not the intention of this article to go into the reasons for the growth of cricket as such, but to examine a section of its workforce, the professional cricketer, who was engaged at two major levels in the game. He played in the increasing number of county cricket and international teams that drew the crowds to such grounds as The Oval, Trent Bridge and Lord's, and he taught the arts and crafts of the game to the growing number of preparatory schools, public schools and local clubs who played cricket for both recreative and moral reasons. The professional cricketer's story is an intrinsically interesting one in terms of wages, life style and customs, but it also sheds light upon nineteenth-century attitudes in regard to class, respectability and the changing position of working men during the century. For the pro fessional cricketer was a working man. His origins were 'agricultural labouring', changing to 'craftsman', as England became more indus trialised. His wages were low, but opportunities for advancement were there, to be taken by a few; his life was subject to the hazards affecting all working men: ill-health, accidents, drink, improvidence and destitution for self and family in old age. The boom in cricket, reflected in 'gates', publicity and the beginnings of a 'star' system did, however, give unique opportunities to this particular working man just as pro fessional football, music hall, and in our own day pop music have offered avenues to success in the entertainment industries created by and for an industrial society. The origins of cricket are obscure, but by the eighteenth century it was a flourishing game in the south of England. Aristocrats such as the
Effect of initial spacing and thinning on lumber grade, yield, and strength of loblolly pine (1994)

The effect of initial spacing and thinning on grade, strength, and volume of lumber produced from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in southwest Louisiana was examined. Plots planted at spacings of 6 by 6, 8 by 8, 9 by 9, 10 by 10, and 12 by 12 feet were thinned to residual basal areas of 60, 80, 100, and 120 ft. 2 /acre at age 18 and at 5-year intervals through age 38. Trees thinned from the plots at age 38 were processed alto lumber. Based on study tree data, equations were developed to predict total lumber volume and volume of No. 2 and better lumber produced from indivldual trees. A simulated final harvest at age 38 showed plots planted at 6 by 6 feet and thinned to ≤ 100 ft. 2 /acre produced ≥ 60 percent No. 2 and better lumber compared to ≤ 42 percent No. 2 and better lumber from plots planted 12 by 12 feet and thinned to the same basal area
Pluggable Electro-Optical Circuit Board Interconnect Based on Embedded Graded-Index Planar Glass Waveguides (2014)

Widespread adoption of electro-optical circuit boards based on embedded glass waveguide technology would enable seamless optical connectivity from external fiber-optic networks to system embedded optical interconnect architectures. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of planar multimode waveguides within thin glass foils based on a two-step thermal ion exchange process. Novel lamination techniques were developed to allow glass waveguide panels to be reliably integrated into a conventional electronic multilayer printed circuit board. In addition, a complete suite of optical connector technologies were developed to enable both direct fiber-to-board and board-to-board connectivity. We present the design, development, and characterization of a fully integrated connection platform, comprising a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$281 \times 233$</tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> multilayer electro-optical backplane with integrated planar glass waveguides, a pluggable connector system, and five pluggable test cards. Both on-card and externally generated 850 and 1310-nm optical test data were conveyed through the connector and waveguide system and characterised for in-system and system-to-system optical connectivity at data rates up to 32 Gb/s per channel exhibiting bit error rates of less than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$10^{-12}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Reducing multiple pregnancies by restricting the number of embryos transferred to two at the first embryo transfer attempt (1998)

Though the multiple pregnancy rate in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer must be reduced, strict and uniform regulation of the number of embryos transferred may make it impossible for women with little natural fecundity to carry children. We therefore restricted the number of embryos per transfer. In the first half of the observation period (n = 100), we limited the number of embryos transferred to three regardless of the number of previous transfers. In the second half (n = 137), we strictly regulated the number of embryos transferred to two at the first attempt and three in the second and later attempts. The multiple pregnancy rate per pregnancy was significantly lower (P < 0.005) in the second period (20.4%) than in the first period (52.9%), while the clinical pregnancy rate and the implantation rate per transfer were similar in both observation periods. 60.7% (17/28) of the multiple pregnancies arose from the first embryo transfer attempt, and 17.9% (5/28) of them arose from a second attempt. The 18 multiple pregnancies in the first period involved six sets of triplets, while the 10 multiple pregnancies that arose in the second period all involved twins. The implantation rate per transfer at the first attempt was significantly higher than that at the second or later attempts. The criterion for determining the number of embryos transferred should be simple to minimize errors of judgement. We believe that our method of restricting the numbers of embryos transferred may be one method of reducing multiple pregnancies without eliminating the possibility of having children for women with low fecundity.