gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: FT-IR spectroscopic characterization of crosslinking reaction and work at transition point (1999)

The crosslinking reaction of pure poly(acrylic acid) and its blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that also in blends the anhydride formation characteristic for pure poly(acrylic acid) is the predominant crosslinking reaction upon heating. But the ester formation between poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) is detectable due to the ester C=O vibrations and C—O—C vibrations, respectively. The degree of swelling and the Young's modulus of the crosslinked blend in deionized water depend on the time and temperature of the heat treatment. In dependence of the pH-value of the swelling agent the blends swell or shrink. The working energy at the shrinking or swelling process induced by a change of the pH-value of differently treated blends was measured. The values are in a range of technical interests and comparable with other microactuators.
Screening and Optimization of Ligand Conjugates for Lysosomal Targeting (2011)

The use of lysosome-targeted liposomes may significantly improve the delivery of therapeutic enzymes and chaperones into lysosomes for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. The aim of this research was to synthesize new potentially lysosomotropic ligands on a base of Neutral Red and rhodamine B and to study their ability to enhance specific lysosomal delivery of surface-modified liposomes loaded with a model compound, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD). The delivery of these liposomes and their content to lysosomes in HeLa cells was investigated by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that liposomes modified with derivatives of rhodamine B provide a good rate of colocalization with the specific lysosomal markers. The comparison of fluorescence of FD in lysosomes isolated by subcellular fractionation also showed that the efficiency of lysosomal delivery of the liposomal load by liposomes modified with some of synthesized ligands was significantly higher compared to that with plain liposomes. These results were additionally confirmed by flow cytometry of the intact cells treated with liposomes loaded with 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside, a specific substrate for the intralysosomal β-galactosidase, using a number of cell lines, including macrophages with induced phenotype of lysosomal enzyme deficiency; two of the synthesized ligands-rhodamine B DSPE-PEG(2k)-amide and 6-(3-(DSPE-PEG(2k))-thioureido) rhodamine B-demonstrated enhanced lysosomal delivery, in some cases, higher than that for commercially available rhodamine B octadecyl ester, with the best results (the enhancement of the lysosomal delivery up to 75% greater in comparison to plain liposomes) shown for the cells with induced lysosomal enzyme deficiency phenotype. Use of liposomes modified with rhodamine B derivatives may be advantageous for the development of drug delivery systems for the treatment of lysosome-associated disorders.
Solid State Pulse Circuits (1976)

Solid state pulse circuits , Solid state pulse circuits , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Aminosilanes in organic synthesis. Preparation of new expanded porphyrin ligands and bimetallic transition-metal complexes. Crystal structure of a tetrapyrrole macrocycle dirhodium complex (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminosilanes in organic synthesis. Preparation of new expanded porphyrin ligands and bimetallic transition-metal complexes. Crystal structure of a tetrapyrrole macrocycle dirhodium complexF. H. Carre, R. J. P. Corriu, Geng Bolin, J. J. E. Moreau, and C. VernhetCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 7, 2478–2486Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00031a018https://doi.org/10.1021/om00031a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Calibration of SDR Circuit Imperfections (2008)

Software defined radio (SDR) transceivers comprising a single highly reconfigurable circuit have proven to enable multi-mode multi-band operation at low-cost. However, distortion induced by circuit imperfections hampers standard compliancy over the diverse modes and bands. In this paper, a solution is presented and implemented in hardware to eliminate this distortion by using digital in-system calibration. The proposed calibration scheme offers system performance improvements beyond standard compliancy, achieving e.g. an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 1.8%, a quadrature imbalance of -46 dBc and -42 dBc at the transmitter and receiver output respectively and a carrier feedthrough of -38 dBc. This calibration scheme is very efficient and directly applicable on most SDR transceivers, even in a multiple antenna (MIMO) configuration.
Adaptive model following control of the mold filling process in an injection molding machine (1991)

Abstract This paper is concerned with the practical application of the adaptive model following control (AMFC) theory on the cavity pressure control of the mold filling process in an injection molding machine. The experimental results indicate that the AMFC technique based on the modified Popov‐Landau method is very useful for the cavity pressure control. Two kinds of control algorithms are implemented on a 16 bit microcomputer to control the cavity pressure. The results also show that the AMFC algorithm is superior to the classical PI control in this system when the acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐stryrene (ABS) is injected into a test specimen mold which is designed according to the ASTM code.
The role of growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) in the induction and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurones: relevance to Parkinson's disease treatment (2005)

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF5) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily which has potent effects on dopaminergic neurones in vitro and in vivo. GDF5 is under investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease (PD), which is caused by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurones projecting from the substantia nigra (SN) to the striatum. In the rat ventral mesencephalon (VM; the developing SN), GDF5 expression peaks at embryonic day 14, the time at which dopaminergic neurones undergo terminal differentiation. Addition of GDF5 protein to cultures of embryonic rat VM increases the survival and improves the morphology of dopaminergic neurones in these cultures. GDF5 treatment also increases the number of cells which adopt a dopaminergic phenotype in cultures of VM progenitor cells. Intracerebral administration of GDF5 has potent neuroprotective and restorative effects on the nigrostriatal pathway in animal models of PD. Furthermore, addition of GDF5 protein to embryonic rat dopaminergic neuronal transplants improves their survival and function in a rat model of PD. Thus, GDF5 has potential applications to PD therapy as a dopaminergic neuroprotective agent and as a factor that may induce a dopaminergic neuronal fate in unrestricted progenitor cells.
Influence of Chemical Heterogeneity of Copolymers on the Separation Process in Size-Exclusion Chromatography (1996)

The effect of the chemical-composition heterogeneity of flexible-chain binary copolymers on their separation in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was theoretically examined. The two-parameter theory of polymer solutions was engaged to estimate the coil size. The variation in molecular weight is shown for copolymer molecules which differ in the ratio of the two constituent monomeric units but have the same coil size and, therefore, are eluted at the same elution volume. The result was applied to a theoretical case of analysis of copolymers, the composition and molecular-weight distributions of which are given by theoretical functions. If the refractive index increments of homopolymers whose units constitute the copolymer are equal or close to each other, the influence of the chemical heterogeneity on the experimental data is below the experimentally detectable limit. A significant error in the determination of the molecular-weight averages can occur only if the difference in the refractive index increments exceeds physically reasonable limits.
Different methods of calculating body sway area (2011)

Posturography is used to assess the steadiness of the human body by measuring the movement of the centre of pressure of a standing subject on a force platform (stabilometry). This paper presents three different methods of calculating the centre of pressure trajectory. The first method ('Convex hull') is characterized by the area enclosed by the path of movement (body sway area), approximated by the area of a convex hull. PROC G3GRID is applied for the triangulation of the data points necessary for calculating the convex hull. This approach is compared with the second and most common procedure ('principal component analysis, PCA) which calculates an ellipse enclosing the sample points. PROC PRINCOMP is used to calculate the eigenvectors that represent the derived ellipse of the PCA. A third approach used in clinical studies ('Mean of Circle Areas') calculates the body sway area by summarizing the mean of the circle areas defined by the sample points and their distance to the point of origin. Simulation data are used to compare the different analysis methods. The SAS® annotate facility displays the results graphically.
An N<i>‐</i>Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirooxindole Lactones (2012)

A cooperative catalysis approach for the enantioselective formal [3+2] addition of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to isatins has been developed. Homoenolate annulations of β-aryl enals catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) require the addition of lithium chloride for high levels of enantioselectivity. This NHC-catalyzed annulation has been used for the total synthesis of maremycin B.
Synthesis of di- and triblock copolymers of styrene and butyl acrylate by controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (1999)

Di- and triblock copolymers of styrene and butyl acrylate with controlled molar masses (Mn up to ≈ 105) were sequentially prepared by radical atom transfer polymerization in a homogeneous medium using chlorine end capped polymers as initiators and the copper(I) chloride/bipyridine complex as catalyst, in the presence of dimethylformamide. Random poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) was synthesized and the cross-over reactions between Cl end capped polystyrene and poly(butyl acrylate) to the opposite monomers were examined.
Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 1 Diabetes (2002)

Sexual problems are frequent in women with diabetes. They affect the overall quality of life and deserve more attention in clinical practice and research.
Simulation of three-dimensional symmetric and asymmetric instabilities in attachment-line boundary layers (1996)

On a swept wing, contamination along the leading edge, Tollmien-Schlichting waves, stationary or traveling crossflow vortices, and/or Taylor-Gortler vortices can cause the catastrophic breakdown of laminar to turbulent flow, which leads to increased skin-friction drag for the aircraft. The discussion in this Note will be limited to disturbances which evolve along the attachment line (leading edge of swept wing). If the Reynolds number of the attachment-line boundary layer is greater than some critical value, then the complete wing is inevitably engulfed in turbulent flow. Essentially, there are two critical Reynolds number points that must be considered. The first is for small-amplitude disturbances, and the second is for bypass transition. The present study will use direct numerical simulations to validate a linear 2D-eigenvalue prediction method based on parabolized stability equations by Lin and Malik. This method is considered because it suggests that a number of symmetric and asymmetric modes exist and are stable or unstable on the attachment line depending on the Reynolds number. If validated, the approach would predict a number of modes which are linearly damped in the Reynolds number regime 100 to 245; however, these modes may grow nonlinearly and provide an explanation to this region.
Binding and spreading of hepatocytes on synthetic galactose culture surfaces occur as distinct and separable threshold responses. (1986)

Isolated rat hepatocytes bind to synthetic flat polyacrylamide matrices containing covalently attached galactose residues in a sugar-specific and concentration-dependent manner. Cell binding is mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor and occurs as a threshold response at or above a critical concentration of sugar in the matrix. Hepatocytes in the presence or absence of serum were able to spread on these synthetic galactose surfaces and were morphologically similar to cells on tissue culture plastic. Cell spreading also occurred as a threshold response but at a much higher critical concentration of sugar than for the cell-binding response. Above the critical concentration for spreading, the area occupied by a cell increased as the sugar concentration increased. By manipulating the galactose content of the matrix, cell spreading and cell binding can be differentiated as independent and separable threshold responses to the extracellular substratum.
<title>Generation, superposition, and separation of Gauss-Hermite modes by means of DOEs</title> (1998)

Novel Diffractive Optical Elements of MODAN-type open up new promising potentialities of solving the tasks of generation, transformation, superposition and subsequent separation again of different transversal laser modes with high efficiency. We present for the first time a MODAN capable of transforming a Gaussian TEM<SUB>00</SUB> input beam into a unimodal Gauss-Hermite (GH) (1,0) complex amplitude distribution. Now we present new results achieved by combining several MODANs in one optical set-up: The aim of these investigations is to transform a single TEM<SUB>00</SUB> input laser beam into several partial beams, each of them described by a different unimodal GH (n,m) mode structure. After separately modulating these partial beams in time, and subsequent superposing them to again one beam by means of a conventional beamsplitter, this unified multimode beam is permitted to propagate in space. Following that, an `analyzing' MODAN is applied to this transversal multimode beam--a diffractive element which is capable of realizing a spatial modal decomposition of an illuminating beam. For the investigations to be presented here, we restricted ourselves to two unimodal beams and selected as transforming MODANs one element of TEM<SUB>00</SUB>-to-GH (1,0) type described and one of TEM<SUB>00</SUB>-to-GH (0,1) type. The analyzing MODAN was calculated as a phase-only element using the crossed- gratings method and manufactured with the same technology like the two other elements. Theoretical as well as first experimental results demonstrate promising perspectives for the selected concept.
Multi-level logs based web performance evaluation and analysis (2010)

The execution of web applications always involves many levels (Operating system, Java virtual machine, Web server, Database server, application itself). Each level can produce its corresponding logs, which record the information of the level's running state and history. Based on the multi-level logs generated by the running web systems, this paper proposes a comprehensive method to evaluate and analyze the online web applications' performance. The advantages of this method are that we can not only use it in the testing stage, but also we can discover the online web applications' performance problems not found in the performance testing stage, and can analyze the reasons of the problems effectively. Case study shows that it is an effective method for performance evaluation and analysis.
Acupuncture and Needle-Stimulation, Differences in Concepts and Methods (2012)

Based on related elaboration of the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine, this article analyzed and summarized the clinical meaning, application principles and the basic operating methods of Traditional Acupuncture (TA), and demonstrated that the TA is completely different to modern needle stimulation. TA has a specific application background, direct-viewing thinking mode and clear operational connotation. The key of operation in TA is how to grasp and control Qi, which typically reflect the unique image of the Chinese civilization with intuitive perceptual characteristics of thinking. In contrast, modern needle-stimulation uses needles as a stimulus, to activate a series of physical and functional reactions in a body. There have great differences between the two. It was indicated that correctly understanding with the basic principle and specific meaning of TA is very important in acupuncture clinical and research works.
Structure-based Drug Design Targeting Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids: A Crystallographic State of the Art of the Involved Enzymes (2008)

Biosynthesis of the universal terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), from three acetyl CoA moieties through mevalonate was studied extensively in the 1950s. For several decades, the mevalonate paradigm reigned supreme and a mevalonate origin was attributed to a growing number of natural products, in many cases erroneously. Besides this biosynthetic pathway, the existence of a second one leading to IPP and DMAPP through 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate and 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate was discovered more recently in plants and some eubacteria. This pathway is widely distributed in the bacterial kingdom including major human pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Helicobacter pylori and is also essential in the malaria vector Plasmodium falciparum. During the last few years, the genes, enzymes, intermediates and mechanisms of the biosynthetic route have been elucidated by a combination of methods including comparative genomics, enzymology, advanced NMR technology and crystallography. The present crystallographic review of enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis will be useful for understanding the various catalytic mechanisms and could potentially help for structure-based drug design.
Association Between Estrogen Receptor-β Expression and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in the Postoperative Prognosis of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (2008)

A strong nuclear expression of ERbeta correlates with EGFR mutations, and its favorable prognostic significance was influenced by the EGFR mutations in adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Free Carrier Concentration Gradient along the c-Axis of a Freestanding Si-doped GaN Single Crystal (2005)

The charge carrier concentration variance in a freestanding Si-doped GaN single crystal grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) has been investigated. A transverse micro-Raman scattering measurement along the [0001] c -axis on the cross section of the n-type GaN was performed to obtain the profile of the free carrier concentration. The analysis of the coupled modes of plasmons and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons revealed the presence of a free carrier concentration gradient along the c -axis, which gradually varies from 2.3×10 17 (N face) to 9.3×10 17 cm -3 (Ga face). The possible physical origins of the charge carrier concentration gradient in the GaN crystal were discussed on the basis of current theories and experimental results of the growth mechanism of an n -doped GaN single crystal.
Effect of amiodarone on serum triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and thyrotropin. A drug influencing peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. (1976)

A B S T R A C T 2-n-Butyl-3-(4'-diethylaminoethoxy-3',5'diiodobenzoyl) -benzofurane (amiodarone), a drug used in arrythmias and angina pectoris, contains 75 mg of organic iodine/200 mg active substance. Four studies were performed to test its effect on thyroid hormone metabolism: (a) nine male subjects were treated with 400 mg of amiodarone for 28 days; (b) five male sub- jects received, for the same period of time, 150 mg of iodine in the form of Lugol's solution; (c) five subjects received 300 Ag L-thyroxine (T4) for 16 days; from the 10th to the 16th day, 400 mg of amiodarone was added; and (d) five euthyroid subjects received 300 Ag L-T4 for 16 days. The changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hor- mone (TSH), serum total T4, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free T3, and 3,5',3'-triiodothyronine (reverse Ta, rT3) were measured, and the pituitary reserve in TSH was evaluated by a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test.
Shear creep resistance of styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS)‐based hot‐melt pressure‐sensitive adhesives (2006)

Abstract The effects of the properties of substrates and tackifier on the shear creep of SIS‐based HMPSAs were investigated. The holding power ( t b ) and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) were measured. The relationship between the complex viscosity and the holding power was examined. The holding power and SAFT values of the triblock SIS blends were higher than those of the diblock‐containing SIS blends, perhaps because blends using triblock SIS have higher crossover temperature and complex viscosity than those using diblock‐containing SIS. Higher levels of aromatic resin‐modified aliphatic tackifier and rosin ester were found to decrease the holding power of the HMPSAs. This maybe due to the fact that rosin ester and aromatic‐modified aliphatic resin are compatible with both the ends and midblocks of SIS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 825–831, 2006
Prospect and challenges of ArF excimer laser lithography processes and materials (1996)

Practical chemically amplified resists for 193 nm lithography will be realized from newly developed polar alicyclic base polymers. Their resist performance is likely to be equal to that of resists used for 248 nm lithography, since a 193 nm resist basically follows the same physical rules as a conventional resist. Top surface imaging with a combination of 193 nm exposure and bi-functional silyation reagent B(DMA)MS was used to produce 0.12 μm L&S patterns. This resolution corresponds to a k1 factor of 0.34. Therefore, the use of dry-developed resists, which provide excellent resolution and a generous process margin, will help extend the use of 193 nm lithography. However, resolution enhancement techniques must still be developed to improve the process window.
Influence of a High Cholesterol Regime on Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Fatty Acids Profile in Rabbits (2011)

Consumption of a high cholesterol regime for 2 months resulted in a significant increase in atherogenic fatty acids and a decrease in antiatherogenic ones in the EAT. EAT is very sensitive to lipid changes of the regime comparing to SAT.