gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Quantitative Proteomic Data Generated via Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (2002)

We describe the analysis of quantitative proteomic samples via multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Ratio amounts of the soluble portion of the S. cerevisiae proteome from cultures of S. cerevisiae strain S288C grown in either 14N minimal media or 15N-enriched minimal media were mixed and digested into a complex peptide mixture. A 1 x 14N/1 x 15N complex peptide mixture was analyzed by single-dimensional reversed-phase chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrapole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in order to demonstrate the replacement of 14N by 15N under the growth conditions used. After conformation of the incorporation of 15N into the labeled sample, three separate samples consisting of a 1 x 14N/1 x 15N complex peptide mixture, a 5 x 14N/1 x 15N complex peptide mixture, and a 10 x 14N/1 x 15N complex peptide mixture were analyzed via MudPIT. We demonstrate the dynamic range of the system by analyzing a 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1 data set using the soluble portion from S. cerevisiae grown in either 14N or 15N-enriched minimal media. The method described provides an accurate way to undertake a large-scale quantitative proteomic study.
High-speed photodetectors (1966)

This paper is intended as a status report on high-speed detectors for the visible and near-infrared portion of the optical spectrum. Both vacuum and solid-state detectors are discussed, with the emphasis on those devices which can be used as direct (noncoherent) detectors of weak optical signals modulated at microwave frequencies. The best detectors for this application have internal current gain and in this regard the relevant properties and limitations of high-frequency secondary emission multiplication in vacuum tube devices and avalanche multiplication in p-n junctions are summarized.
Refinement of the crystal structure of monovanadium monocobalt monosilicide, VCoSi (2005)

Article Refinement of the crystal structure of monovanadium monocobalt monosilicide, VCoSi was published on April 1, 2005 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 220, issue 1-4).
Poetry and Dialect (1943)

The use of dialect in poems by poets like renowned poets like Kipling and Dennis is discussed. Poets do not appear to have gained much from such variations from normal language; however, their aim is fresh tought and feeling, expressed in a novel and humorous design.
Low Pay (1987)

In neoclassical theory the market operates in such a way as to equate wages with the marginal product of labour. The productivity of workers is determined largely by their skill and capacity for work and as these vary between individuals so will earnings. However the workings of the market will tend to equalize efficiency-earnings, i.e. earnings ‘measured … with reference to the exertion of ability and efficiency required of the workers’ (Marshall 1952, p. 456) and consequently the wages of individuals will be proportionate to their productivity. Low pay is therefore explained by the ‘quality’ of individuals; a view expressed at its starkest by Hicks: ‘Casual labour is often badly paid, not because it gets less than it is worth, but because it is worth so appallingly little’ (Hicks 1963, p. 82).
Photonic Components for RF Filtering and Wide-Band Antenna Nulling (2003)

The analog modulation of RF signals on an optical carrier enables the efficient distribution and processing of wide-band signals. It is attractive to consider implementing signal processing functions in the photonic domain as well. This paper describes the design and implementation of monolithic silicon photonic devices for use in applications such as beamforming and adaptive nulling in phased array antenna systems. Low-loss fixed delay structures and slow-wave variable time delay structures are described.
Lithographically defined aluminum nitride cross-sectional Lamé mode resonators (2017)

This paper reports on aluminum nitride (AlN) cross-sectional Lamé mode resonators (CLMRs) showing high electromechanical coupling coefficient () in excess of 4% in a lithographically defined 307 MHz frequency range around 920 MHz. In addition, we report the performance of a CLMR showing a figure of merit (FoM, defined as the product of quality factor, Q, and ) in excess of 85. To the best of the authors' knowledge, such FoM value is the highest reported for AlN resonators using interdigitated metal electrodes (IDTs).
[Effect of Astragalan on secretion of tumor necrosis factors in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells]. (1993)

The extracts of Astragalus membranaceus have been further isolated by liquid chromatography. One of the fractions (Astragalan, M.W. 20,000-25,000) could enhance the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. After isolation of adherent and nonadherent mononuclear cells from PBMC, Astragalan increased the secretion of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta respectively. These results suggest further study of Astragalan would promote the application of Astragalan in cancer immunotherapy.
A Study of Diethyl 1,4-Dihydroxy-2,3-naphthalate<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Diethyl 1,4-Dihydroxy-2,3-naphthalate1August H. Homeyer and V. H. WallingfordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 4, 798–801Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01256a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01256a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Biomimetic Model of the Electron Transfer between P<sub>680</sub> and the TyrZ–His190 Pair of PSII (2005)

Artificial photosynthesis: The first photoelectron trade between P680 and the TyrZ–His190 pair of Photosystem II was modeled by a ruthenium(II) trisbipyridine type complex that contains a phenol hydrogen atom bonded to an imidazole group. The photogenerated phenoxyl radical has been characterized. This opens up the way for a more complete biomimetic model of Photosystem II. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461948_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The design of a generic framework for integrating ECA components (2008)

Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) are life-like computer generated characters that interact with human users in face-to-face multi-modal conversations. ECA systems are generally complex and difficult for individual research groups to develop. Therefore, if there was a common frame-work for connecting ECA functioning blocks seamlessly to an integrated system, redundant effort can be saved. This paper discusses the issues emerged in developing such a framework and introduces the design and preliminary results of our ongoing project, Generic ECA Framework.
Learning an Embedding Space for Transferable Robot Skills (2018)

We present a method for reinforcement learning of closely related skills that are parameterized via a skill embedding space. We learn such skills by taking advantage of latent variables and exploiting a connection between reinforcement learning and variational inference. The main contribution of our work is an entropy-regularized policy gradient formulation for hierarchical policies, and an associated, data-efficient and robust off-policy gradient algorithm based on stochastic value gradients. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on several simulated robotic manipulation tasks. We find that our method allows for discovery of multiple solutions and is capable of learning the minimum number of distinct skills that are necessary to solve a given set of tasks. In addition, our results indicate that the hereby proposed technique can interpolate and/or sequence previously learned skills in order to accomplish more complex tasks, even in the presence of sparse rewards.
Very deep multilingual convolutional neural networks for LVCSR (2016)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a standard component of many current state-of-the-art Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) systems. However, CNNs in LVCSR have not kept pace with recent advances in other domains where deeper neural networks provide superior performance. In this paper we propose a number of architectural advances in CNNs for LVCSR. First, we introduce a very deep convolutional network architecture with up to 14 weight layers. There are multiple convolutional layers before each pooling layer, with small 3×3 kernels, inspired by the VGG Imagenet 2014 architecture. Then, we introduce multilingual CNNs with multiple untied layers. Finally, we introduce multi-scale input features aimed at exploiting more context at negligible computational cost. We evaluate the improvements first on a Babel task for low resource speech recognition, obtaining an absolute 5.77% WER improvement over the baseline PLP DNN by training our CNN on the combined data of six different languages. We then evaluate the very deep CNNs on the Hub5'00 benchmark (using the 262 hours of SWB-1 training data) achieving a word error rate of 11.8% after cross-entropy training, a 1.4% WER improvement (10.6% relative) over the best published CNN result so far.
Li Shizeng and the University Council of Republic of China (2008)

The reform of university district system (1927—1929) promoted by Tsai Yuen-pei and Li Shizeng is an important experiment in the history of research and education in China. Through review the Li Shizeng's thoughts on research and education, this article show his effect and status is nothing less than that of Tsai Yuen-pei. Li and Tsai had close personal friendship, sharing many inclinations, especially both upholding the combination of education and research. But compared with Tsai Yuen-pei, Li Shizeng was more familiar to the university district system which copied from France, and more infatuated with this system. He even associated his social idea and enterprise with this reform. The differences of Li and Tsai in social relationship, political viewpoint, international background and personal style, finally made them became estranged, and split of academic circle between French speaking and English speaking leading by Li and Tsai respectively. The outcome of this reform was the found of Central Research Academy and National Academy of Peping almost simultaneously. These two academies, one in south, one in north, stood facing each other, controlled respectively by Tsai and Li who left their educational career and concentrated on leading research enterprise.
Enhanced gene expression from retroviral vectors (2008)

Retroviral vectors carrying an optimized high-level expression cassette do not produce infectious virions when introduced into packaging cells by transfection of DNA. Infectious retrovirus carrying the same cassette is readily produced when packaging cells are transfected with in vitro transcribed retroviral genomic RNA. The applications of this technique are not limited to producing the higher levels of transgene expression demonstrated here. For example, novel reporters with alternatively spliced exon-intron configurations could readily be transduced into virtually any cell. Furthermore, because the in vitro transcripts are not translated within the packaging cells, retroviruses carrying genes lethal to the packaging cells can also be produced.
A magnetic shape memory micropump: contact-free, and compatible with PCR and human DNA profiling (2012)

Magnetic shape memory (MSM) Ni–Mn–Ga elements are relatively new materials with a variety of remarkable properties. They respond to changes in magnetic fields by elongating and shortening up to 6%. We have constructed a micropump which consists principally of a single component, the MSM element. The pump can be driven by the rotation of a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet or by an electrical rotation of the magnetic field; it is reversible, and can be effectively operated by hand without any electrical power. The MSM element does not inhibit the polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrate that it is compatible with forensic applications and show that it does not inhibit human DNA profiling. This novel pump is suitable for lab-on-a-chip applications that require microfluidics.
Application of graphite-based sacrificial layers for fabrication of LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) membranes and micro-channels (2006)

Fabrication of sensors and micro-fluidic structures from low temperature co- fired ceramic (LTCC) sheets is a growing interest in the micro-packaging community. Such devices usually have inner cavities, whose production is quite complicated. The most elegant method to build such structures so far achieved is by a fugitive phase that is introduced into the multilayer and removed during firing. This paper, therefore, is aimed to introduce the graphite-based sacrificial paste developed for this purpose, and it is constructed in two sections: (i) selection of paste and determination of LTCC open-porosity elimination temperature, and (ii) fabrication and characterization of pressure sensitive LTCC membranes. In the former section, it is shown that increased heating rates (and decreasing tape thickness) shift the open porosity elimination temperature of LTCC by 20 Â°C, which is small compared to the shift of graphite oxidation temperature (about 100 Â°C). In the latter section, three parameters affecting the balance between the graphite oxidation and LTCC sintering are studied: heating rate, graphite phase thickness and width of the membrane inlet/outlet channels. As expected, larger heating rates and narrow inlet/outlet channels are found to hinder the oxidation of graphite and evacuation of the resulting products, which results in swollen membranes. Large graphite thickness, through the increased channel height, results in lower swelling in spite of the larger amount of graphite to be oxidized. Membranes with low swelling are found to exhibit excellent pressure sensing characteristics, whereas those with high swelling display hysteretic behavior.
A Multicenter Phase-II Study of 5-FU, Leucovorin and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX6) in Patients with Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2010)

The results of our study suggest that FOLFOX6 had an acceptable profile in terms of both efficacy and safety in previously treated colorectal cancer patients.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers by Changing Living Anionic Polymerization into Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2004)

A series of AB diblock copolymers have been synthesized by transformation of living anionic polymerization into ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Ethylene oxide was polymerized anionically using diphenylmethylpotassium as the initiator and was terminated with vinylbenzyl chloride to produce a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers with a terminal vinyl group. An alkylidene exchange reaction was then realized with ruthenium propylidene complex RuCl2(CHC2H5)(PCy3)2, transforming PEO macromonomers into ruthenium ROMP macroinitiators. A variety of norbornene derivatives were then subjected to ROMP using PEO macroinitiators to synthesize well-defined block copolymers of varying molecular weights and compositions.
[Nebivolol in the treatment of ischemic heart disease patients with chronic heart failure]. (2004)

Inclusion of nebivolol in complex therapy increases efficacy of treatment of patients with CHF due to IHD.
<sup>13</sup>C MR spectroscopy measurements of glutaminase activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells using hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C‐labeled glutamine (2008)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an emerging technique for increasing the sensitivity of (13)C MR spectroscopy (MRS). [5-(13)C(1)]Glutamine was hyperpolarized using this technique by up to 5%, representing a 6000-fold increase in sensitivity. The conversion of hyperpolarized glutamine to glutamate by mitochondrial glutaminase was demonstrated using (13)C-MRS measurements in cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2). These results represent the first step in developing an imaging technique for detecting glutamine metabolism in vivo. Furthermore, since glutamine utilization has been correlated with cell proliferation, the study suggests a new technique for detecting changes in tumor cell proliferation.
Transformation Invariant Autoassociation with Application to Handwritten Character Recognition (1994)

When training neural networks by the classical backpropagation algorithm the whole problem to learn must be expressed by a set of inputs and desired outputs. However, we often have high-level knowledge about the learning problem. In optical character recognition (OCR), for instance, we know that the classification should be invariant under a set of transformations like rotation or translation. We propose a new modular classification system based on several autoassociative multilayer perceptrons which allows the efficient incorporation of such knowledge. Results are reported on the NIST database of upper case handwritten letters and compared to other approaches to the invariance problem.
Automatic segmentation and supervised learning‐based selection of nuclei in cancer tissue images (2012)

Analysis of preferential localization of certain genes within the cell nuclei is emerging as a new technique for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Quantitation requires accurate segmentation of 100-200 cell nuclei in each tissue section to draw a statistically significant result. Thus, for large-scale analysis, manual processing is too time consuming and subjective. Fortuitously, acquired images generally contain many more nuclei than are needed for analysis. Therefore, we developed an integrated workflow that selects, following automatic segmentation, a subpopulation of accurately delineated nuclei for positioning of fluorescence in situ hybridization-labeled genes of interest. Segmentation was performed by a multistage watershed-based algorithm and screening by an artificial neural network-based pattern recognition engine. The performance of the workflow was quantified in terms of the fraction of automatically selected nuclei that were visually confirmed as well segmented and by the boundary accuracy of the well-segmented nuclei relative to a 2D dynamic programming-based reference segmentation method. Application of the method was demonstrated for discriminating normal and cancerous breast tissue sections based on the differential positioning of the HES5 gene. Automatic results agreed with manual analysis in 11 out of 14 cancers, all four normal cases, and all five noncancerous breast disease cases, thus showing the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.
Reaction of atomic fluorine with silicon: The gas phase products (1982)

SiF2 and SiF4 have been identified as gas phase products of the reaction between atomic fluorine and silicon. Atomic fluorine is supplied by a low density molecular beam hitting a silicon target in a high vacuum. Reaction products were detected by mass spectrometric measurements. Activation energies for the production of SiF2 and SiF4 were found to be 0.09±0.02 and 0.15±0.02 eV/°K, respectively, in good agreement with the values measured by flowing afterglow techniques. The reaction probability for the reaction 4F+Si→SiF4 was found to be 0.016 at 100 °C.
General procedures to determine the composition of commercial, two‐part polysulfide aircraft sealants (1990)

Abstract Interpretation of the chemical processes which polysulfide sealants undergo either on storage or when the cured material is subjected to environmental influences requires detailed knowledge of formulations. Procedures have been developed to isolate and identify a range of additives in two‐part commercial aircraft sealants of both the dichromate and manganese dioxide cure types. Solvents, curing agent dispersants, and cure rate modifiers were separated chemically and thermal analysis was demonstrated to provide a ready means to estimate carbon in fillers. The phenolic resin adhesion enhancers were conveniently determined using 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy and could also be identified using size exclusion chromatography. It was shown that virtually no interaction occurred between polysulfide liquid polymers and phenolic resins following aging at 70°C for 7 days. The most appropriate methods for determining curative levels were established and new means of assessing thiol content of the polysulfides by both 13 C‐NMR and PMR spectroscopy are described. The significance of aspects of the sealant formulations is discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of polyamides and poly(amide‐imide)s derived from 2,6‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile or 2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (2004)

Abstract A series of polyamides and poly(amide‐imide)s was prepared by direct polycondensation of ether and nitrile group containing aromatic diamines with aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bis(carboxyphthalimide)s respectively in N ‐methyl 2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. New diamines, such as 2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile and 2,6‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile, were prepared from 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile with 4‐aminophenol and 3‐aminophenol, respectively, in NMP using potassium carbonate. Bis(carboxyphthalimide)s were prepared from the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with various aromatic diamines in N , N ′‐dimethyl formamide. The inherent viscosities of the resulting polymers were in the range of 0.27 to 0.93 dl g −1 in NMP and the glass transition temperatures were between 175 and 298 °C. All polymers were soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and NMP. All polymers were stable up to 350 °C with a char yield of above 40 % at 900 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. All polymers were found to be amorphous except the polyamide derived from isophthalic acid and the poly(amide‐imide)s derived from diaminodiphenylether and diaminobenzophenone based bis(carboxyphthalimide)s. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (2015)

The overall quality and quantity of information is insufficient to make recommendations on the clinical utility of MoCA for detecting dementia in different settings. Further studies that do not recruit participants based on diagnoses already present (case-control design) but apply diagnostic tests and reference standards prospectively are required. Methodological clarity could be improved in subsequent DTA studies of MoCA by reporting findings using recommended guidelines (e.g. STARDdem). Thresholds lower than 26 are likely to be more useful for optimal diagnostic accuracy of MoCA in dementia, but this requires confirmation in further studies.