gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Synthetic Pentasaccharide, a Pure Factor Xa Inhibitor, as an Antithrombotic Agent – A Pilot Study in the Setting of Coronary Angioplasty (1999)

Administration of pentasaccharide led to the inhibition of thrombin generation without modification of aPTT and ACT. The rate of abrupt vessel closure was within range of rates reported in historical series. Thus we conclude that the anti-thrombotic activity of pentasaccharide, as shown in this pilot trial in the setting of coronary angioplasty, deserves further investigation.
An extensible XACML authorization decision engine for context aware applications (2009)

Context-awareness is a central aspect of pervasive computing applications. However, the information representing a context evolves with the capability of the technology embedded in pervasive devices. As a consequence, access control systems should be able to support and understand any new context information in order to address access control requirements. In this article, we present an extensible XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) authorization decision engine to provide such flexibility. In attribute based access control like XACML, extending the policy authorization engine means extending its ability to understand new attributes data types including the functions that are used in the policy to evaluate the users' requests. We show there are two kinds of data types to consider in the context of access control system: data types of which both the values and the order relations are initially known, and data types of which neither the value nor the relation order are initially known. Based on this analysis, we present an extensible architecture for implementing XACML decision authorization engine composed of a core component that can be enhanced by additional data type modules. This architecture has been implemented in Java and includes an API for writing new data type modules.
Bayesian Classification of DNA Array Expression Data (2000)

DNA arrays yield a global view of the cell by enabling the measurement of expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. When used to compare normal tissues and tissues at various stages of disease, or diseased tissues with different responses to treatment, arrays present opportunities for improved disease diagnosis and a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of observed phenotypes. Several machine learning methods have been applied to array data to classify genes on the basis of their expression levels in particular samples, and to classify tissue samples on the basis of their global patterns of gene expression [24, 9,12,21]. These tasks are made more difficult by the noisy nature of array data, and when classifying tissues, by the overwhelming number of gene attributes relative to the number of training samples. In this paper, we present a naive Bayes method for classifying tissues on the basis of DNA array data, and use a likelihood-based metric to select the most useful subset of genes for inclusion in the classifier. We applied this method to data sets with tissues of two different classes, and found its accuracy to exceed that of a recently described method [12,21] in two of the three cases. Furthermore, our method is easily extendible to multiclass classification, and performed well when applied to a data set with three different classes of tissues.
Xplus (2010)

The need to improve a suboptimal execution plan picked by the query optimizer for a repeatedly run SQL query arises routinely. Complex expressions, skewed or correlated data, and changing conditions can cause the optimizer to make mistakes. For example, the optimizer may pick a poor join order, overlook an important index, use a nested-loop join when a hash join would have done better, or cause an expensive, but avoidable, sort to happen. SQL tuning is also needed while tuning multi-tier services to meet service-level objectives. The difficulty of SQL tuning can be lessened considerably if users and higher-level tuning tools can tell the optimizer: "I am not satisfied with the performance of the plan p being used for the query Q that runs repeatedly. Can you generate a (δ%) better plan?" This paper designs, implements, and evaluates Xplus which, to our knowledge, is the first query optimizer to provide this feature. Xplus goes beyond the traditional plan-first-execute-next approach: Xplus runs some (sub)plans proactively, collects monitoring data from the runs, and iterates. A nontrivial challenge is in choosing a small set of plans to run. Xplus guides this process efficiently using an extensible architecture comprising SQL-tuning experts with different goals, and a policy to arbitrate among the experts. We show the effectiveness of Xplus on real-life tuning scenarios created using TPC-H queries on a PostgreSQL database.
Designing Synthetic Flexible Gene Regulation Networks Using RNA Devices in Cyanobacteria (2016)

In recent years, studies on the development of gene regulation tools in cyanobacteria have been extensively conducted toward efficient production of valuable chemicals. However, there is considerable scope for improving the economic feasibility of production. To improve a recently reported gene induction system using anhydrotetracycline (aTc)-TetR and an endogenous gene repression system using small antisense RNA in the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena), we constructed a positive feedback loop, in which gfp and a small antisense RNA for tetR are controlled by an aTc-inducible promoter. GFP expression in this improved system was higher and longer than the system lacking tetR repression. In addition, by using TetR aptamer and a riboswitch, we succeeded in achieving a superior and longer induction of GFP expression even under high-light conditions. Hence, efficient gene induction systems were established in Anabaena by designing a gene regulation network using RNA-based tools.
Characterizing Bitterness:  Identification of Key Structural Features and Development of a Classification Model (2006)

This work describes the first approach in the development of a comprehensive classification method for bitterness of small molecules. The data set comprises 649 bitter and 13 530 randomly selected molecules from the MDL Drug Data Repository (MDDR) which are analyzed by circular fingerprints (MOLPRINT 2D) and information-gain feature selection. The feature selection proposes substructural features which are statistically correlated to bitterness. Classification is performed on the selected features via a naïve Bayes classifier. The substructural features upon which the classification is based are able to discriminate between bitter and random compounds, and thus we propose they are also functionally responsible for causing the bitter taste. Such substructures include various sugar moieties as well as highly branched carbon scaffolds. Cynaropicrine contains a number of the substructural features found to be statistically associated with bitterness and thus was correctly predicted to be bitter by our model. Alternatively, both promethazine and saccharin contain fewer of these substructural features, and thus the bitterness in these compounds was not identified. Two different classes of bitter compounds were identified, namely those which are larger and contain mainly oxygen and carbon and often sugar moieties, and those which are rather smaller and contain additional nitrogen and/or sulfur fragments. The classifier is able to predict 72.1% of the bitter compounds. Feature selection reduces the number of false-positives while also increasing the number of false negatives to 69.5% of bitter compounds correctly predicted. Overall, the method presented here presents both one of the largest databases of bitter compounds presently available as well as a relatively reliable classification method.
DEMON - A Media Object Model Incorporating Natural Language Descriptions for Retrieval Support (1990)

Abstract : The DEMOM (Description based Media Object data Model) media object data model aims at providing a uniform framework for managing different types of media data, i.e., images, text, sound or graphics. According to DEMOM media objects are defined as a class hierarchy of objects, i.e., images, text, sound, and graphics being subtypes of the general type media object. Representation specific objects are regarded as subordinate types of the corresponding subtype, e.g. a SUN raster image in pixrect format is an instance of the subtype pixrect which is in turn a subtype of image. Using images as an example we discuss the media object hierarchy, the corresponding access operations and implementation issues. Content oriented search of media data on the basis of predicate calculus is considered as an essential pa(Author) (KR)
Effects of gamma irradiation and air annealing on Yb‐doped YAlO<sub>3</sub> single crystals (2005)

Abstract The effects of gamma irradiation on as‐grown 5 at% Yb:YAlO 3 (YAP) and air annealing on gamma‐irradiated 5 at% Yb:YAP have been studied by the difference in the absorption spectra before and after treatment. The gamma irradiation and air annealing led to opposite changes of the absorption properties of the Yb:YAP crystal. After air annealing, the gamma‐irradiation effects were totally removed over the wavelength range 390–800 nm and the concentrations of Fe 3+ and Yb 3+ were slightly increased. For the first time, the gamma‐irradiation‐induced valence changes between Yb 3+ and Yb 2+ ions in Yb:YAP crystals have been observed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Approach to ensure Information Security through 252-Bit Integrated Encryption System (IES). (2008)

In this paper, a block-cipher, Integrated Encryption System (IES), to be implemented in bit-level is presented that requires a 252-bit secret key. In IES, there exist at most sixteen
YopB of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Is Essential for YopE Translocation (2001)

A previous study has shown that YopB of Yersinia spp. is essential for translocation of Yop effectors across the eucaryotic plasma membrane (M.-P. Sory and G. R. Cornelis, Mol. Microbiol. 14:583--594, 1994). However, this role was recently challenged (V. T. Lee and O. Schneewind, Mol. Microbiol. 31:1619--1629, 1999). Using protease protection and digitonin extraction, we reconfirm that YopB of Yersinia enterocolitica is essential for the translocation of YopE into HeLa cell monolayers.
A comparison of two micromachined inductors (bar- and meander-type) for fully integrated boost DC/DC power converters (1996)

Two micromachined integrated inductors (bar- and meander-type) are realized on a silicon wafer by using modified, IC-compatible, multilevel metallization techniques. Efforts are made to minimize both the coil resistance and the magnetic reluctance by using thick electroplated conductors, cores, and vias. In the bar-type inductor, a 25-/spl mu/m thick nickel-iron permalloy magnetic core bar is wrapped with 30-/spl mu/m thick multilevel copper conductor lines. For an inductor size of 4 mm/spl times/1.0 mm/spl times/110 /spl mu/m thickness having 33 turns of multilevel coils, the achieved specific inductance is approximately 30 nH/mm/sup 2/ at 1 MHz. In the meander-type inductor, the roles of conductor wire and magnetic core are switched, i.e., a magnetic core is wrapped around a conductor wire. This inductor size is 4 mm/spl times/1.0 mm/spl times/130 /spl mu/m and consists of 30 turns of a 35-/spl mu/m thick nickel-iron permalloy magnetic core around a 10-/spl mu/m thick sputtered aluminum conductor lines. A specific inductance of 35 nH/mm/sup 2/ is achieved at a frequency of 1 MHz. Using these two inductors, switched DC/DC boost converters are demonstrated in a hybrid fashion. The obtained maximum output voltage is approximately double an input voltage of 3 V at switching frequencies of 300 kHz and a duty cycle of 50% for both inductors, demonstrating the usefulness of these integrated planar inductors.
Induction of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit liver: comparison of two inoculation methods (2004)

Direct injection of VX2 cell suspension into the liver is simple and widely used. Implantation of a fragment of VX2 tumour into the liver using a surgical technique has also been developed in the last decade. In this study, we compared these two methods in order to find a better modality for establishing VX2 liver mass. Forty rabbits, each weighing 2.8-3.2 kg, were divided into two groups, 20 rabbits in each. In Group 1, a tumour cell suspension containing 1 x 10(6) cells in a volume of 0.1 ml, was injected slowly into the liver parenchyma using a 27-gauge needle during laparotomy. In Group 2, a 1 mm(3) fragment of VX2 carcinoma was inoculated into the sub-capsule of the left anterior lobe of the liver. In Group 1, three rabbits showed no tumour growth and 10 rabbits showed evidence of leakage and tumour seeding outside of the liver. In Group 2, all but one rabbit showed tumour growth and none showed evidence of tumour seeding. The leakage rates were 50% and 0% for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Overall, the success inoculation rate was 35% for Group 1 and 95% for Group 2. In conclusion, to create the VX2 liver tumour model in rabbits, direct implantation of VX2 tumour fragment into the liver achieved better results than injecting cell suspension of VX2 tumour into the liver.
Semiconductor Laser-Based Ranging Instrument for Earth Gravity Measurements (1995)

A laser ranging instrument is being developed to measure the spatial variations in the Earth's gravity field. It will range in space to a cube corner on a passive co-orbiting sub-satellite with a velocity accuracy of 20 to 50 um/sec by using AlGaAs lasers intensity modulated at 2 GHz.
Wideband tunable laser phase noise reduction using single sideband modulation in an electro-optical feed-forward scheme (2012)

A wideband laser phase noise reduction scheme is introduced where the optical field of a laser is single sideband modulated with an electrical signal containing the discriminated phase noise of the laser. The proof-of-concept experiments on a commercially available 1549 nm distributed feedback laser show linewidth reduction from 7.5 MHz to 1.8 kHz without using large optical cavity resonators. This feed-forward scheme performs wideband phase noise cancellation independent of the light source and, as such, it is compatible with the original laser source tunability without requiring tunable optical components. By placing the proposed phase noise reduction system after a commercial tunable laser, a tunable coherent light source with kilohertz linewidth over a tuning range of 1530-1570 nm is demonstrated.
Semiautomated relative picking of microseismic events (2008)

A high‐precision semiautomated relative picking methodology is developed and applied to a dataset of microseismic events from hydraulic fracturing. Comparison with locations from manual high‐precision picking is made and found to give similar results, but with significantly faster processing times. Applying relative picking techniques improves consistency of picking between events, therefore, improving the relative locations. This results in improved resolution of the layers and faults where the microseismic events are occurring, making subsequent interpretation easier.
Persistent poor long-term prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients surviving invasive aspergillosis (2012)

Although the prognosis for invasive aspergillosis after stem cell transplantation has dramatically improved with the use of voriconazole, this major advance in care does not translate into increased long-term survival for these severely immunocompromised patients.
Combined treatment (goserelin plus flutamide) versus monotherapy (goserelin alone) in advanced prostate cancer: a randomized study. (1991)

This study compared goserelin monotherapy with goserelin plus flutamide in the treatment of stage C or D prostatic cancer. Patients were stratified according to whether distant metastases were present or absent. After a mean follow-up of 33 months, combined treatment with goserelin and flutamide produced a higher response rate and a more rapid normalization of abnormal levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen than treatment with goserelin alone. A more prompt relief of bone pain was also evident. An advantage, though not statistically significant, in terms of progression and survival was demonstrated in the combination group when metastases were present before the start of treatment. In both groups, the median for progression as well as the PCA-related and nonrelated death was not achieved during the study period.
Crosslinkable hole-transport materials for preparation of multilayer organic light emitting devices by spin-coating (1999)

Our approach to prepare multilayer light emitting devices (LEDs) by low-cost spin-coating techniques is the combination of spin-coating and photo-crosslinking. The oxetane functionality was used as the polymerizable moiety, which was crosslinked in bulk by a cationic mechanism. The resulting films were resistant against solvents used in subsequent spin-coating steps. The synthesis of bis-functionalized hole transporting triarylamines by palladium catalyzed C—N-coupling reaction, their polymerization, characterization, and first application in two-layer blue light emitting OLEDs are presented.
The rosetta experiment: atmospheric soft error rate testing in differing technology FPGAs (2005)

Results are presented from real-time experiments that evaluated large field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) fabricated in different CMOS technologies (0.15 /spl mu/m, 0.13 /spl mu/m, and 90 nm) for their sensitivity to radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs). These results are compared to circuit simulation (Qcrit) studies as well as to Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) neutron beam results and Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (University of California, Davis) cyclotron proton beam results.
Coronavirus - assessing the effects of smoking and vaping (2020)

Can tobacco and e-cigarette use affect the outcomes of COVID-19? Graham Cope looks at the early evidence
Prediction of Hemodynamic Response to Epinephrine via Model-Based System Identification (2015)

In this study, we present a system identification approach to the mathematical modeling of hemodynamic responses to vasopressor-inotrope agents. We developed a hybrid model called the latency-dose-response-cardiovascular (LDC) model that incorporated 1) a low-order lumped latency model to reproduce the delay associated with the transport of vasopressor-inotrope agent and the onset of physiological effect, 2) phenomenological dose-response models to dictate the steady-state inotropic, chronotropic, and vasoactive responses as a function of vasopressor-inotrope dose, and 3) a physiological cardiovascular model to translate the agent's actions into the ultimate response of blood pressure. We assessed the validity of the LDC model to fit vasopressor-inotrope dose-response data using data collected from five piglet subjects during variable epinephrine infusion rates. The results suggested that the LDC model was viable in modeling the subjects' dynamic responses: After tuning the model to each subject, the r (2) values for measured versus model-predicted mean arterial pressure were consistently higher than 0.73. The results also suggested that intersubject variability in the dose-response models, rather than the latency models, had significantly more impact on the model's predictive capability: Fixing the latency model to population-averaged parameter values resulted in r(2) values higher than 0.57 between measured versus model-predicted mean arterial pressure, while fixing the dose-response model to population-averaged parameter values yielded nonphysiological predictions of mean arterial pressure. We conclude that the dose-response relationship must be individualized, whereas a population-averaged latency-model may be acceptable with minimal loss of model fidelity.
Growth kinetics, structure and surface morphology of AlN/α‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> epitaxial layers (1987)

Abstract The gas‐phase epitaxy of AlN on saphire substrates in the system AlHClNH 3 –Ar was investigated. The uniformity and structural perfection of the layers were shown to be determined by gas dynamics in the growth zone. The growth rate of AlN‐layer is proportional to AlCl concentration in the growth zone and does not depend on NH 3 partial pressure. This is in accordance with the law of diffusional stoichiometry. The morphology of AlN‐layers was shown to be dependent on the growth rate and the substrate orientation. Smooth mirror‐like layers were prepared on the sapphire planes (0001) and (1120) at low growth rates. X‐ray microanalysis showed the oxygen impurity content at the level 1 — 5 · 10 21 cm −3 . Other impurities were not available.
The misdiagnosis of epilepsy and the management of refractory epilepsy in a specialist clinic (1999)

We assessed the frequency, causes and consequences of erroneous diagnosis of epilepsy, and the outcome of patients referred with 'refractory epilepsy', by retrospective analysis of the case records of 324 patients. The sample was divided into those exposed to anti-epileptic drugs (n = 184), of whom 92 were said to have refractory seizures, and those who had not received treatment (n = 140). The latter group is reported elsewhere. The overall misdiagnosis rate was 26.1% (46/184), with incomplete history-taking and misinterpretation of the EEG equally responsible. Side-effects were reported by 19/40, while unnecessary driving restrictions and employment difficulties were encountered by 12/33 and 5/33, respectively. Of those labelled 'refractory epilepsy', 12 did not have epilepsy. Sixteen were rendered seizure-free and 25 significantly improved by the optimal use of anti-epileptic drugs or surgery. Diagnostic and management services for patients with suspected and established epilepsy are suboptimal, with psychological and socio-economic consequences for individual patients. The resulting economic burden on the health and welfare services is probably substantial.
<i>In vivo</i> analysis reveals substrate-gating mutants of a rhomboid intramembrane protease display increased activity in living cells (2008)

Intramembrane proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds within cell membranes. Recent crystal structures revealed that rhomboid intramembrane proteases contain a hydrated active site that opens to the outside of the cell, but is protected laterally from membrane lipids by protein segments. Using Escherichia coli rhomboid (GlpG) structures as a guide, we previously took a mutational approach to identify the GlpG gating mechanism that allows substrates to enter the active site laterally from the membrane. Mutations that weaken contacts keeping the gate closed increase enzyme activity and implicate transmembrane segment 5 as the substrate gate. Since these analyses were performed in vitro with pure proteins in detergent micelles, we have now examined GlpG in its natural environment, within the membrane of live E. coli cells. In striking congruity with in vitro analysis, gate-opening mutants in transmembrane segment 5 display up to a 10-fold increase in protease activity in living cells. Conversely, mutations in other parts of the protease, including the membrane-inserted L1 loop previously thought to be the gate, decrease enzyme activity. These observations provide evidence for the existence of both closed and open forms of GlpG in cells, and show that inter-conversion between them via substrate gating is rate limiting physiologically.