gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment:  A Challenge to Green Chemistry (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Challenge to Green ChemistrySushil K. Khetan and Terrence J. CollinsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 6, 2319–2364Publication Date (Web):May 27, 2007Publication History Received15 February 2007Published online27 May 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020441whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020441wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14498Altmetric-Citations899LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Antimicrobial agents,Metabolism,Pharmaceuticals,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
Study of Vector Control System with Speed and Flux Closed-Loop (2012)

Through the rotor-flux-oriented vector control equation and the decoupling control based on vector control method, this paper studied the design method of the flux regulator in the vector control system. The vector control system is design with flux division link, and gets in an ideal performance of timing in the MATLAB simulation.
Identification of the product of two oncogenic rearranged forms of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas. (1992)

In papillary thyroid carcinomas, we have identified two tumor-specific rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene leading to the formation of different transforming fusion products sharing the tyrosine kinase (tk) domain of the proto-oncogene and designated ptc-1 and ptc-2. We have analysed ptc-1 and ptc-2 products by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-RET antibodies followed by immunoblotting with the same reagent or with antibodies specific for phosphotyrosine (P-tyr) residues. The anti-RET antibodies were reactive with 64-kDa (p64ptc-1) and 81-kDa (p81ptc-2) proteins from lysates of ptc-1 and ptc-2 transformed cells, respectively, and identified two proteins of 140 kDa and 160 kDa from extracts of SK-N-SH, a neuroblastoma cell line previously shown to express two differently glycosylated forms of the normal RET product. The anti P-tyr antibodies, while detecting the same p64ptc-1 and p81ptc-2 proteins from ptc-1 and ptc-2 extracts, did not show any specific band in the neuroblastoma lysates. An additional set of experiments led us to conclude that, whereas the normal product of the RET proto-oncogene is a membrane-associated receptor-like molecule not intrinsically phosphorylated on tyrosine, both oncogenic forms of RET, ptc-1 and ptc-2, are constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine, display an 'in vitro' autophosphorylation activity, are translocated from the membrane to the cytoplasm and are apparently unaffected by protein kinase C modulation.
Growth of 3-inch Langasite Single Crystal and Its Application to Substrate for Surface Acoustic Wave Filters (1999)

Macro defect-free langasite (La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 ) of 3 ′′ diameter was grown by the Czochralski technique. Thermal treatment of the melt and a uniform interface shape are important for langasite growth with a clear habit of faceting. The homogeneity in composition was two-dimensionally investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and SAW (surface acoustic wave) velocity distribution on the wafer fabricated from the crystal. The deviation was sufficiently small for the use of langasite as a suitable substrate in SAW device applications. SAW properties were calculated based on the available material constants.
Double-antibody radioimmunoassay of thyroid microsomal antibody in serum. (1981)

We describe a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for antimicrosomal antibodies in serum. Antigen in centrifuged pellets of microsome is solubilized by treatment with sodium deoxycholate solution and radiolabeled (125I] by the Chloramine T method. A 10-microL aliquot of human serum or antimicrosomal antibody standard is incubated overnight at room temperature with 125I-labeled microsome. Bound radiolabeled microsome is separated by precipitation with goat antihuman IgG antiserum. The percentage of 125I-labeled microsome bound by each serum is calculated, and its concentration of antimicrosomal antibody interpolated from a standard curve. The prevalence of abnormal antimicrosomal antibody was 16% in a self-referred asymptomatic or not acutely ill group of patients having a periodic multiphasic health examination. Values for patients with certain thyroid diseases generally agreed with other published data. We conclude that our assay is sensitive, precise, and accurate, and is more efficient for routine measurement of antimicrosomal antibody than the currently used solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
Genetic mechanisms and biological implications of phase variation in pathogenic neisseriae (1989)

A sophisticated strategy used by a number of procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms to escape host defense mechanisms is that of varying the expression of their major surface antigens.This immune escape strategy has been nicely documented for African trypanosomes (6) and Borrel- ia hermsii (2).Antigen variation in pathogenic neisseriae leads to another intriguing view of the same phenomenon: the variation of functional properties of the respective sur- face proteins.There are two classes of proteins in patho- genic neisseriae that undergo antigenic variation, (i) pilin, the major subunit of the pili, and (ii) the opacity-associated proteins (OPAs), previously P.II or class 5 proteins, a family of heat-modifiable outer membrane proteins.Both classes of proteins are substantially immunogenic and have an essen- tial role in bacterial adherence.Conceivably, variation of these proteins not only leads to immunological changes but also gives rise to alterations of their functional (i.e., adhe- sive) properties.Although little is known about the biologi- cal role of antigen variation in Neisseria species, extensive molecular genetic investigations performed during the past several years might lead us to gain better insight into this field.
The Concept of Equality of Educational Opportunity (1968)

Although there is wide agreement in the United States that our society accepts and supports the fundamental value of equal opportunity, when it comes to areas of specific application there is considerable disagreement over its meaning. In this article, the author traces the evolutionary shifts in interpretation of the concept of equality of educational opportunity, not only putting into perspective the different views which form the basis for disagreement today but also indicating how the current direction of change may influence the interpretation of this concept in the future.
The DNA Damage Checkpoint Response Requires Histone H2B Ubiquitination by Rad6-Bre1 and H3 Methylation by Dot1 (2005)

The cellular response to DNA lesions entails the recruitment of several checkpoint and repair factors to damaged DNA, and chromatin modifications may play a role in this process. Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae epigenetic modification of histones is required for checkpoint activity in response to a variety of genotoxic stresses. We demonstrate that ubiquitination of histone H2B on lysine 123 by the Rad6-Bre1 complex, is necessary for activation of Rad53 kinase and cell cycle arrest. We found a similar requirement for Dot1-dependent methylation of histone H3. Loss of H3-Lys(79) methylation does not affect Mec1 activation, whereas it renders cells checkpoint-defective by preventing phosphorylation of Rad9. Such results suggest that histone modifications may have a role in checkpoint function by modulating the interactions of Rad9 with chromatin and active Mec1 kinase.
A computerized device for the volumetric analysis of the residual limbs of amputees. (1980)

Prosthetics Research Study has developed a computerized automated system for the volumetric analysis of the residual limbs of amputees. Basically, this system utilizes the same principles as does normal, clinical fluid displacement volumetric analysis, with the addition of the following--if an object is suspended in a vertical cylinder into which water is being injected at a constant rate, then the rate of rise of the water will vary proportionally, at any point, with the cross-sectional area of the object. In this system, water is pumped into a Plexiglas cylinder of appropriate size so as to immerse a residual limb within a time frame of under ten seconds while a microcomputer records the water depth as a function of time. The rate of water depth rise is recorded for 256 levels during a measurement. These results are then analyzed comparatively, on a level-for-level basis, with similar rates generated with fluid pumped into the empty cylinder, thus generating 256 discrete cross-sectional-area parameters. These are then processed (in groups of eight) into 32 actual cross sections and displayed, graphed, or stored for purposes of comparison. Possible clinical application for this kind of device includes measurement of edema and other extremity volume changes with time, and measurement of muscle activity related to axial movements of muscle bulk.
Optimization of PIFA-IFA combination in handset antenna designs (2005)

As commercial needs have expanded the functions of the wireless cellular handsets, multiantenna development in one handset has become more and more common. This paper addresses a multiantenna solution for the wireless handset application. A planar inverted "F" antenna (PIFA) was designed as the main antenna of the handset to cover the 800 MHz band (824 MHz-894 MHz) and the 1900 MHz band (1850 MHz-1990 MHz). A side-mounted inverted "F" antenna (IFA) was designed as the 1575.42 MHz global positioning system (GPS) antenna. The location of the feed/ground pins of both antennas affected not only the total antenna efficiency, but also the polarization of the GPS IFA. The length of the GPS IFA affected the isolation between the two antennas and the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the PIFA at the 1900 MHz band. A three-dimensional efficiency measurement of the prototypes in both free space and against-head position will be presented. Measurement of SAR and its distribution will also be presented to demonstrate the impact of the IFA on the near field of the PIFA.
Decreases in organ blood flows associated with increases in sublingual P CO 2 during hemorrhagic shock (1998)

Earlier studies demonstrated that not only the stomach but also the esophageal wall served as an appropriate site for estimating the severity of circulatory shock by using tonometric methods. We then conceived of the option of sublingual tonometry. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the changes in sublingual PCO2 serve as indicators of decreases in blood flow to sublingual and visceral tissue. In Sprague-Dawley rats, sublingual PCO2 increased from 50 to 127 Torr and arterial blood lactate increased from 0.9 to 11.2 mmol/l during bleeding. Sublingual blood flow simultaneously decreased to approximately 32% of preshock values. After reinfusion of shed blood, organ blood flows and sublingual PCO2 were promptly restored to near-baseline values. There were corresponding decreases in blood flows in the tongue, stomach, jejunum, colon, and kidneys during hemorrhagic shock. Increases in sublingual PCO2 were highly correlated with decreases in sublingual blood flow (r = 0.80), tongue blood flow (r = 0.81), gastric blood flow (r = 0.74), jejunal blood flow (r = 0.65), colon blood flow (r = 0.80), and renal blood flow (r = 0.75). Unbled control animals demonstrated no significant changes. Therefore, we anticipate that sublingual tonometry will provide a useful, noninvasive alternative for monitoring visceral PCO2.
Chemistry of the boron hydrides (1955)

F. G. A. Stone, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1955, 9, 174 DOI: 10.1039/QR9550900174
A wireless AQP pressure sensor using chirped SAW delay lines structures (2002)

We report of the design of a SAW delay line developed for a wireless pressure sensing system operating in the 434 MHz ISM-band. The structure is a one port configuration fabricated on quartz 37.5/spl deg/rotYX. It is hermetically sealed in all-quartz-package (APQ) technology with the SAW structure being placed on a diaphragm inside the cavity. The sensor allows for the measurement of absolute pressure values in the range from 0 to 8.5 bar. The SAW structure shows a linear phase although it incorporates chirped SAW components for enhancing the sensor sensitivity. The SAW structure is built up of two overlap-weighted dispersive split finger interdigital transducers (IDTs). An improvement of the sensor sensitivity by a factor of 32 compared to systems using non-dispersive SAW components has been achieved.
An antibody VH domain with a <i>lox</i>‐Cre site integrated into its coding region: bacterial recombination within a single polypeptide chain (1995)

Bacterial lox-Cre recombination within a single antibody VH domain was achieved through integration of a loxP site into its coding sequence. The 5' half of the VH gene, in which the H2 loop was replaced by a mutant loxP site, was fused to geneIII in an 'acceptor' fd-phage vector containing also a wild type loxP site. With a 'donor' plasmid vector harbouring the 3' half of the VH gene flanked by the same, differing loxP sites it recombined into a full-length VH with the loxP site-H2 loop. This VH was purified from bacterial periplasm, where it folded into a typical immunoglobulin domain. The system allows the generation of large VH repertoires using lox-Cre recombination.
Coupling-length phase matching for nonlinear optical frequency conversion in parallel waveguides (2014)

We describe and analyze a quasi-phase-matching scheme for nonlinear optical frequency conversion where the spatial modulation of mode intensity in coupled parallel waveguides provides the required modulation in the generation of the frequency conversion signal, instead of a variation of any material parameter or propagation constant. We analyze this coupling-length phase-matching (CLPM) scheme both for second-order frequency conversion, such as second harmonic generation or difference-frequency generation, as well as for third-order four-wave mixing processes, for which we consider the example of generating a longer wavelength by third-order nonlinear mixing of two shorter wavelength waves. Numerous phase-matching conditions are identified in each case. We show that the maximum photon conversion efficiencies reached after an optimum propagation length are always higher than half those obtained for perfect phase matching in a single waveguide, with nearly 100% photon conversion possible for several of the CLPM conditions we studied.
Thrombosis in multiple myeloma (MM) (2012)

Thrombosis is a frequent feature in individuals with myeloma, particularly those treated with oral immunomodulatory drugs (IMID) such as thalidomide or lenalidomide concomitantly with anthracyclines or dexamethasone. Up to a third of these individuals may develop venous thrombosis if not given the benefit of prophylaxis. Interestingly, in contrast to individuals with solid tumors in whom thrombosis is a marker of poor prognosis, thrombosis does not impact overall survival in patients with myeloma. This finding suggests that the mechanisms of thrombosis in hematological neoplasms may differ from solid epithelial tumors and that thrombosis in the former may be driven by therapy and not by a procoagulant phenotype of the neoplastic plasma cells. This may also explain why thrombosis in the context of IMID-based therapy may be prevented by the use of prophylactic aspirin. In this text, we review the pathogenesis of thrombosis in myeloma, its relation to different chemotherapeutic regimens and the use of thrombo-prophylaxis.
Chromosome aberrations and prognostic factors in therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (1990)

Cytogenetic studies of 91 consecutive patients with therapy-related myelodysplasia or overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia disclosed characteristic defects of chromosome 7 in 48 cases and of chromosome 5 in 21 cases. The chromosome 5 abnormalities were consistently present in all abnormal mitoses at the time of diagnosis, as were the chromosome 7 abnormalities in 45 of the 48 patients. Various abnormalities, primarily of the short arm of chromosome 17, were observed in 13 cases, abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 21 were observed in 12 cases, and rearrangements of 11q23 were seen in nine cases. Thirteen patients presented a normal karyotype. Previous therapy with alkylating agents, the presence of an initial myelodysplastic phase, and abnormalities of chromosome 7 or 5 were interdependent. Patients with 11q23 rearrangement typically developed overt leukemia of FAB types M4 or M5a without myelodysplasia and with a short latent period. Evaluated by Cox regression analysis, complete remission of the primary malignancy and a malignant lymphoma as primary tumor were the two most important and independent prognostic factors indicating a longer survival (P = .008). In addition, the platelet count at diagnosis was a significant prognostic factor (P = .01). For the subgroup of 62 patients with myelodysplasia, the number of chromosome aberrations, the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, and the hemoglobin level were other significant and independent prognostic factors (P = .05, .05, and .004, respectively). The most important predictive factor for a favorable response to intensive antileukemic chemotherapy in overt leukemia was the absence of a preceding myelodysplastic phase (P = .0014).
Methanol Combustion in a 26-MW Gas Turbine (1981)

Combustion tests of methanol were conducted on a 26-MW gas turbine for a period of 523 total hours. The methanol fueled gas turbine was operated in tandem with an identical gas turbine fueled with distillate (Jet A). Emissions and performance data were recorded and hot section inspections were carried out on both machines periodically during the test program. A comparison of data recorded during the test program clearly indicates that methanol is a superior fuel for gas turbines.
Controlling information flows in SaaS cloud services (2013)

Information flow control prevents information leakage during software execution. This paper presents the model CloudIFC to control information flows in the SaaS level of cloud services. It uses groups to prevent exchanging incomparable information and uses security level numbers to prevent information leakage. The model strictly controls output statements because only output may leak information. As to other statements, CloudIFC uses join operations to adjust security levels. To reduce runtime overhead, CloudIFC applied MapReduce computing paradigm.
Antibiotic‐induced ribosomal assembly defects result from changes in the synthesis of ribosomal proteins (2011)

Inhibitors of protein synthesis cause defects in the assembly of ribosomal subunits. In response to treatment with the antibiotics erythromycin or chloramphenicol, precursors of both large and small ribosomal subunits accumulate. We have used a pulse-labelling approach to demonstrate that the accumulating subribosomal particles maturate into functional 70S ribosomes. The protein content of the precursor particles is heterogeneous and does not correspond with known assembly intermediates. Mass spectrometry indicates that production of ribosomal proteins in the presence of the antibiotics correlates with the amounts of the individual ribosomal proteins within the precursor particles. Thus, treatment of cells with chloramphenicol or erythromycin leads to an unbalanced synthesis of ribosomal proteins, providing the explanation for formation of assembly-defective particles. The operons for ribosomal proteins show a characteristic pattern of antibiotic inhibition where synthesis of the first proteins is inhibited weakly but gradually increases for the subsequent proteins in the operon. This phenomenon most likely reflects translational coupling and allows us to identify other putative coupled non-ribosomal operons in the Escherichia coli chromosome.
Development of electromagnetic lenses for multielectron beam lithography system (2002)

High-throughput electron-beam (EB) lithography systems require high current. However, beam blur increases because of the individual Coulomb interaction among the electron beams. Isolating the electron beam into 4–16 perfectly independent beamlets is effective. As for the electromagnetic lens, many openings in the parallel flat plates can form the compound eye lens. This lens is called the lotus root lens (LRL). Simulations and experiments with the LRL were carried out. In the case of LRL of 4×4 openings with a 22 mm pitch, the uniformity of magnetic field along the axis was within 0.2%. The basic lens function between two openings separated by 44 mm in the LRL with 21 openings in the conventional column qualitatively evaluated. The LRL should be a potential platform for a multicolumn cell system that provides a multibeam direct-writing system that utilizes variable-shaped beam or character projection as unit-column optics.
Treatment of Ventricular and Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias by Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing (1989)

The efficacy of noninvasive transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP) in the treatment of tachyarrhythmic events was tested in 24 patient: 14 with ventricular tachycardia, seven with supraventricular tachycardia and three with atrial flutter. Six (42.9%) ventricular tachycardias were interrupted: in two of the ten patients on whom underdrive pacing was attempted and in all four cases in which overdrive stimulation was possible. Five of the six supraventricular tachycardias utilizing an atrioventricular bypass tract were interrupted, while the TCP was unsuccessful on the only patient with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. TCP failed to interrupt the arrhythmia in the three cases of atrial flutter. No clinically significant untoward effects (in particular tachycardia acceleration or ventricular fibrillation) were observed, except for a tolerable thumping sensation on the chest during pacing. In four patients, TCP effects on cardiac activation was evaluated by endocavitary recording: while the mean ventricular threshold was 70 mA, atrial capture was possible on only two patients at a current intensity of 140 and 150 mA. We consider our preliminary experience with TCP in the treatment of tachycardias encouraging. The technique was easily and rapidly usable and it was immediately successful in the majority of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias and in a relevant percentage of ventricular tachycardias. In this latter setting TCP was mostly effective in the slower tachycardias where overdrive pacing was possible. A further experience with devices provided by higher pacing rates is warranted.