gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing TCAM power consumption and increasing throughput (2003)

TCAMs have been an emerging technology for packet forwarding in the networking industry. They are fast and easy to use. However, due to their inherent parallel structure they consume high power - much higher than SRAMs or DRAMs. A system using four TCAMs could consume upto 60 watts. The power issue is one of the chief disadvantages of TCAMs over RAM based methods for forwarding. For a system using multiple TCAMs we present methods to significantly reduce TCAM power consumption for forwarding, making it comparable to RAM based forwarding solutions. Using our techniques one can use a TCAM for forwarding at 3 to 4 watts worst case. Our techniques also have an interesting connotation to TCAM forwarding rates. For a static distribution of requests we present methods that make the forwarding rate of a system proportional to the number of TCAMs. So if a system has four TCAMs, one could achieve a four fold performance of that of a single TCAM for a static distribution of requests.
Current Status and Performance Analysis of Optical Camera Communication Technologies for 5G Networks (2017)

This paper investigates optical camera communication (OCC) technologies, targeting new spectrum, multiple-input-multiple-output diversity, transmission access, and novel architectures with augmented reality user experience for the extended 5G wireless network. It provides the current OCC research status and trend pertaining to these technologies, especially an inside view on the revision of IEEE 802.15.7-2011 known as the IEEE 802.15.7m (TG7m) Optical Wireless Communication Task Group. Such standardization activities have a major impact on the development of OCC technologies. In addition, it provides a detailed review of the related literature. Herein, OCC technologies are classified into five categories to elucidate their operations and technical characteristics. Furthermore, a concise performance analysis, numerical simulations, and some comparison of the results obtained for associated systems are presented, and the future directions of research and development are discussed.
Steelmaking. The Monolith Technology of Ladle Refractory. (1999)

Although refractory used in melting shop has been conventionally brick, automation and saving of man- power in operation by putting refractory into furnace by introduction of monolith of refractory has been an important subject by the following reasons; (1) Making of furnace by stacking bricks requires skillful operation, and (2) Aging of operator in charge of making furnace makes this a difficult work. These days, monolith of refractory has been proceeded by development of mainly castable refractory (and loosely cemented fine and high-density refractory material), and they have been applied to blast furnace gutter, ladle, tundish, RH and so on. Shibukawa Plant of Daido Steel Co., Ltd. has made a first try among specialty steel manufactures to apply monolith of refractory to ladles used in VLF (Vacuum Ladle Furnace) refining since 1995 in order to decrease working time and refractory material cost for the first time. A target of applying the monolith of ladle refractory has been attained by introducing a method of poring Al2O3-MgO castable into bottom and wall of the ladle, and by spraying wet refractory with various kinds of improvement.
Metallo-supramolecular diblock copolymers based on heteroleptic cobalt(iii) and nickel(ii) bis-terpyridine complexes (2010)

Amphiphilic metallo-supramolecular diblock copolymers containing either a reversible cobalt(III) or nickel(II) heteroleptic bis-terpyridine complex at the junction between a polystyrene and a poly(ethylene oxide) block have been successfully prepared.
New direction for open NFC trusted mobile applications: The MOBISIM project (2015)

This poster presents new perspectives for open and trusted mobile applications. The Near Field Communication (NFC) radio interface is widely available for smartphones. It is usually involved in payments, access control, and transport services. We describe an open experimental platform, developed by the MOBISIM project. The prototype provides contactless payments in legacy frameworks. It comprises the following elements. A mobile phone supporting a Host Card Emulation (HCE) interface and including the OpenMobileAPI library. A SIM card integrating a TLS/DTLS stack. A mobile application, issued by the service provider, that drives HCE and SIM. The EMV payment application is split between the mobile application storing and processing static data, and a remote server hosting cryptographic resources whose access is secured via the TLS channel managed by the SIM.
Trusting records: is Blockchain technology the answer? (2016)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of Blockchain technology as a solution to creating and preserving trustworthy digital records, presenting some of the limitations, risks and opportunities of the approach. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach involves using the requirements embedded in records management and digital preservation standards, specifically ISO 15,489, ARMA’s Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles, ISO 14,721 and ISO 16,363, as a general evaluative framework for a risk-based assessment of a specific proposed implementation of Blockchain technology for a land registry system in a developing country. Findings The results of the analysis suggest that Blockchain technology can be used to address issues associated with information integrity in the present and near term, assuming proper security architecture and infrastructure management controls. It does not, however, guarantee reliability of information in the first place, and would have several limitations as a long-term solution for maintaining trustworthy digital records. Originality/value This paper contributes an original analysis of the application of Blockchain technology for recordkeeping.
Performance of undersea acoustic networking using RTS/CTS handshaking and ARQ retransmission (2002)

The performance of networked undersea acoustic communications is improved through implementation of handshaking between each pair of adjacent modems along the network route. The handshake begins with the sending modem transmitting a short request to send (RTS) packet to the receiving modem. On successful receipt of the RTS, the receiving modem replies with a short clear to send (CTS) packet. In the event of failure to complete the handshake, a timer in the transmitting modem triggers additional RTS transmissions. On successful completion of the RTS/CTS handshake, the sending modem transmits the data packet. Large data packets can require acoustic transmission times on the order of tens of seconds. During these long transmissions, there is increased potential for dropped packets as a result of unrecoverable bit errors. The automatic repeat request (ARQ) is a means of accomplishing a successful, error-free data transfer in the event of such dropped data. The receiving modem, upon receipt of a corrupted data packet, issues a short ARQ packet to the sending modem that acts as a request to re-send the data packet or portions thereof. Statistics from an actual undersea acoustic network demonstrate the advantages of using RTS/CTS handshaking and ARQ retransmissions.
Constructing inverse opal structured hematite photoanodes via electrochemical process and their application to photoelectrochemical water splitting (2013)

In this study, we constructed an inverse opal structured hematite (IOS α-Fe2O3) as the photoanode of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for efficient solar water splitting via a simple electrochemical process. At the same time, a series of affecting factors (template particle size, electrodeposition time and annealing temperature) to construct the IOS α-Fe2O3 photoanode on the photoelectrochemical water splitting were considered. Optimized PEC efficiency was observed for the IOS α-Fe2O3 photoanode annealed at 400 °C using the 250 nm sized-polystyrene (PS) colloid template and 9 minutes of electrodeposition time for the given specific Fe precursor solution. This resulted in the highest photocurrent density compared to other crossed conditions, which significantly achieved 3.1 mA cm(-2) at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The synthesis of the IOS α-Fe2O3 via an easy-to-control electrochemical process is described for first time that opens a possibility for constructing other oxide semiconductor photoanodes (not only well-known Si, Ti and Zr) with inverse opal structure.
Constrained Bayesian Optimization and Applications (2015)

Bayesian optimization is an approach for globally optimizing black-box functions that are expensive to evaluate, non-convex, and possibly noisy. Recently, Bayesian optimization has been used with great effectiveness for applications like tuning the hyperparameters of machine learning algorithms and automatic A/B testing for websites. This thesis considers Bayesian optimization in the presence of black-box constraints. Prior work on constrained Bayesian optimization consists of a variety of methods that can be used with some efficacy in specific contexts. Here, by forming a connection with multi-task Bayesian optimization, we formulate a more general class of constrained Bayesian optimization problems that we call Bayesian optimization with decoupled constraints. In this general framework, the objective and constraint functions are divided into tasks that can be evaluated independently of each other, and resources with which these tasks can be performed. We then present two methods for solving problems in this general class. The first method, an extension to a constrained variant of expected improvement, is fast and straightforward to implement but performs poorly in some circumstances and is not sufficiently flexible to address all varieties of decoupled problems. The second method, Predictive Entropy Search with Constraints (PESC), is highly effective and sufficiently flexible to address all problems in the general class of decoupled problems without any ad hoc modifications. The two weaknesses of PESC are its implementation difficulty and slow execution time. We address these issues by, respectively, providing a publicly available implementation within the popular Bayesian optimization software Spearmint, and developing an extension to PESC that achieves greater speed without significant performance losses. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods on real-world machine learning meta-optimization problems.
Swept source optical coherence tomography based smart handheld vitreoretinal microsurgical tool for tremor suppression (2012)

Microsurgeons require the ability to make precise and stable maneuvers in order to achieve surgical objectives and to minimize surgical risks during freehand microsurgical procedures. This work presents a novel common path swept source optical coherence tomography based smart surgical tool that suppresses hand tremor. It allows enhanced tool tip stabilization, more accurate targeting and may lower surgical risk. Here the one dimensional motion tremor of a surgeon's hand is assessed by the surgical instrument. The ability to accurately locate a surgical target and the ability to maintain tool tip offset distances in a chicken embryo model are significantly improved as compared to freehand use.
Nonlinear pulse switching using cross-phase modulation and fiber Bragg gratings (2001)

We propose and analyze a new all-optical nonlinear switch. The device is based on cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced temporary frequency shift upon co-propagation of signal and control pulses with walkoff, and on the filtering effect of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Very high ON/OFF contrast with practically no pulse distortion can be achieved with moderate switching power. The new device possesses some important advantages over nonlinear optical-loop mirror switches.
HCI in the global knowledge-based economy (2000)

Increasingly, people are being required to perform open-ended intellectual tasks that require discretionary decision making. These demands require a relatively unique approach to the design of computer-based support tools. A review of the characteristics associated with the global knowledge-based economy strongly suggests that there will be an increasing need for workers, managers, and organizations to adapt to change and novelty. This is equivalent to a call for designing computer tools that foster continuous learning. There are reasons to believe that the need to support adaptation and continuous learning will only increase. Thus, in the new millennium HCI should be concerned with explicitly designing for worker adaptation. The cognitive work analysis framework is briefly described as a potential programmatic approach to this practical design challenge.
Wavelet Transform of Multifractals (1988)

We present the wavelet transform as a mathematical microscope which is well suited for studying the local scaling properties of fractal objects. We apply this technique to probability measures on self-similar Cantor sets and to the golden-mean trajectories on two-tori at the onset of chaos.
Towards Incremental Learning of Mildly Context-Sensitive Grammars (2011)

Most models in grammatical inference have been restricted to regular or context-free grammars. As a step towards learning of more powerful grammars, this paper discusses the incremental learning of Linear Indexed Grammars (LIGs) for formal languages from positive and negative sample strings. We implemented methods of learning LIGs in LIG Learner system. An important feature of LIG Learner is incremental learning through rule generation mechanism called bridging and a search for rule sets. This paper reports experimental results on learning several LIGs for fundamental mildly-context-sensitive languages including the copy language, or the set of strings of the form ww, and a set of strings representing pseudo-knots in modeling RNA, as well as some RIR (right-linear-indexed right-linear) grammars, which are restricted LIGs and equivalent to context-free grammars.
Placing Servers in Overlay Networks (2002)

Overlay networks are becoming a popular vehicle for deploying advanced network services in the Internet. Overlay networks are implemented by deploying service nodes at suitably chosen sites in the network. Service nodes communicate with users through the commodity Internet, while among themselves, they may use either the commodity Internet or dedicated channels. The number of distinct service nodes has a big influence on the operational cost of an overlay network; meanwhile, the distance between service nodes and end users has a big influence on the quality of the service. In this paper, we study the problem of how to optimally place service nodes in a network, balancing the need to minimize the number of nodes, while limiting the distance between users and service nodes. We show that the design problem is NP-hard and study the performance of heuristic algorithms using simulation. For single domain, our algorithms produce results that are within a few percent of an easily computed lower bound. For multi-domain networks, the performance ranges from close to the optimal to roughly twice the optimal.
Fiber Ribbon Optical Transmission Lines (1974)

This brief propose the use of fiber ribbons consisting of a linear array of fiben embedded in a thin, flexible aupponina medium as component of cable for fiber tnnomission system. With the progress that has been made in drawing low-loss fibers, the physical form used to cable the fiber has become a truly relevant problem and is presently beina puraued at several laboratories
Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV (2020)

2019-nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral cavity, has been reported 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive. Besides lungs, salivary glands and tongue are possibly another hosts of 2019-nCoV due to expression of ACE2. Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. So far, no direct evidence has been found that 2019-nCoV is vital in air flow for long time. Therefore, to prevent formation of infectious saliva droplets, to thoroughly disinfect indoor air and to block acquisition of saliva droplets could slow down 2019-nCoV dissemination. This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control.
Effect of surface roughness using different adherend materials on the adhesive bond strength (2015)

In this paper, an experimental study on the effect of surface roughness of different adherend material on adhesive bond strength was carried out. The adherend material used was aluminium AA6061 and wood in the form of sheet, and the adhesive was an epoxy resin. Different surface roughness obtained by mechanical abrasion using an emery paper and sand paper for aluminium and wood adherend samples respectively. Single strap joints were tested at room temperature. Results showed that there is clear dependency observed in between the adhesive bond strength and surface roughness of both wood and aluminium adherend joints. Optimum surface roughness values were obtained in the range of Ra = 1.68 ± 0.14 µm and Ra = 1.64 ± 0.2 µm for the aluminium and wood adherend joints respectively. Surface roughness along with the adhered material parameters should be considered during design stage of adhesively bonded joints.
Transdermal histamine in multiple sclerosis: part one -- clinical experience. (1999)

Histamine has a long history of therapeutic use in many diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, transdermal histamine has been successfully employed for the amelioration of symptoms of both relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis. This paper summarizes preliminary experiences with transdermal histamine for MS at the Tahoma Clinic: 67 percent of 55 patients using histamine transdermal cream had improvements in one or more areas, including extremity strength, balance, bladder control, fatigue, activities of daily living, and cognitive functioning, sustained for periods of up to three months. One-third of patients had improvements in three or more areas of functioning. Five possible mechanisms of action are postulated: augmentation of subnormal cerebral tissue levels of histamine; improved electrical function of demyelinated fibers; increased cerebral blood flow; suppression of autoimmune responses; and stimulation of remyelination. These will be discussed in detail in Part 2 of this article.
Diabetes Mellitus in Twins (1968)

Among 242 sets of twins collected from 34,072 Joslin Clinic records from 1949 to 1966, there were 104 sets with both members alive. Of these, forty-seven sets were examined and an additional forty-three sets responded to a detailed questionnaire. A high concordance for overt diabetes was found in monozygotic sets in which the proband was age forty or greater at time of diagnosis. In the forty-seven sets examined, there were no cases of overt diabetes in the dizygotic twin siblings of a proband who was age forty and over at time of diagnosis of overt diabetes. Surprisingly, however, a high rate of chemical diabetes was diagnosed in the dizygotic twin siblings, an observation implying an etiology for diabetes mellitus more complex than inheritance by a single recessive gene.
AlN/GaN heterostructure TFTs with plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of epitaxial AlN thin film (2014)

Abstract AlN/GaN heterostructures with AlN thin film growing by low‐thermal‐budget (300 °C) plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) were realized on a semi‐insulating GaN‐on‐sapphire template. By applying in situ ALD‐grown Al 2 O 3 as the gate dielectric, thin film transistors (TFTs) have been successfully fabricated. The proposed TFTs exhibit effective gate control with a low subthreshold swing of ∼ 85 mV/dec, an I ON / I OFF ratio of 10 5 and good channel conductive with a low‐field mobility of ∼ 27 cm 2 /(V·s). This mobility is one order of magnitude higher than that achieved in AlN/GaN heterostructures growing by magnetron sputtering. The enhanced device performance is attributed to a high‐quality ALD‐AlN/GaN interface obtained by in situ remote‐plasma pre‐deposition cleaning and the single crystal nature of subsequent epitaxial AlN thin film by plasma‐enhanced ALD. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ytterbium fiber laser based on first-order fiber Bragg gratings written with 400nm femtosecond pulses and a phase-mask (2009)

A Fiber Bragg grating of 369 nm pitch was inscribed in a germanium-free double-clad ytterbium doped silica fiber using a femto-second pulse train at 400 nm wavelength and a phase mask. The photo-induced refractive index modulation of higher than 4 x 10(-3) was obtained and the accompanying photo-induced losses were subsequently removed by thermal annealing, resulting in a low loss (<0.1 dB), stable and high reflectivity (>40 dB) FBG. Based on this FBG, a monolithic Ytterbium fiber laser operating at 1073 nm with slope efficiency of 71% and output power of 13 W was demonstrated.
Non-invasive blood pressure estimation using phonocardiogram (2017)

This paper presents a novel approach based on pulse transit time (PTT) for the estimation of blood pressure (BP). In order to achieve this goal, a data acquisition hardware is designed for high-resolution sampling of phonocardiogram (PCG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). These two signals can derive PTT values. Meanwhile, a force-sensing resistor (FSR) is placed under the cuff of the BP reference device to mark the moments of measurements accurately via recording instantaneous cuff pressure. For deriving the PTT-BP models, a calibration procedure including a supervised physical exercise is conducted for each individual. The proposed method is evaluated on 24 subjects. The final results prove that using PCG for PTT measurement alongside the proposed models, the BP can be estimated reliably. Since the use of PCG requires a minimal low-cost hardware, the proposed method enables ubiquitous BP estimation in portable healthcare devices.
The Human Homolog of a Mouse-Imprinted Gene, <i>Peg3,</i> Maps to a Zinc Finger Gene-Rich Region of Human Chromosome 19q13.4 (1997)

Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) is the first imprinted gene detected in the proximal region of mouse chromosome 7. Because imprinting is a trait that is generally conserved among mammals, and imprinted domains generally encompass several adjacent genes, expression patterns and chromosomal environment of the human counterpart of Peg3 are of special interest. In this study we have localized human PEG3 approximately 2 Mb proximal of the telomere of chromosome 19q, within a region known to carry large numbers of tandemly clustered Krüppel-type zinc finger-containing (ZNF) genes. Peg3 also encodes a Krüppel-type ZNF protein but one that is distinguished from other ZNF gene products by the fact that it carries two novel proline-rich motifs. Comparison between mouse Peg3 and partial human PEG3 gene sequences revealed a high level of conservation between the two species, despite the fact that one of the two proline-rich repeats is absent from the human gene. Our data demonstrate that the human gene is expressed at highest levels in ovary and placenta; mouse Peg3, by contrast, is transcribed at highest levels in the adult brain. These comparative mapping, sequencing, and expression data provide the first clues to the potential activities of PEG3, and generate new tools to aid in the analysis of structure and function of a potentially new imprinted domain located in human chromosome 19q13.4 and mouse chromosome 7.