gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TransMob: An Agent Based Simulation of Transport Demand and Residential Mobility in South East Sydney (2014)

This paper presents an agent-based simulation, called TransMob, of transport demand and residential mobility in South East Sydney, Australia. In this model, each agent represents an individual resident of the study area. Each agent is given an initial travel diary. Agents are grouped in various types of household which generate social interdependencies and additional constrains on travel diaries. This initial synthetic population is then allowed to evolve for 20 years, driven by natural growth parameters, social bonding and migration rates. A micro-simulation component calculates daily traffic conditions and individual travel times, allowing for multi-modal journeys. The transport mode choice component uses a multinomial logit model for individual decisions based on various fixed and variable costs as well as socio-economic characteristics. Residential mobility is simulated through a two-step process: first, deciding to move out; then, selecting a destination for relocation. The first step uses a multinomial logit model, while the second one uses a semi-empirical perceived liveability model to inform individual decisions.
Compressive Link Acquisition in Multiuser Communications (2013)

An important sensing operation is to detect the presence of specific signals with unknown transmission parameters. This task, referred to as “link acquisition,” is typically a sequential search over the transmitted signal space. Recently, the use of sparsity in similar estimation or detection problems has received considerable attention. These works typically focus on the benefits of compressed sensing, but not generally on the cost brought by sparse recovery. Our goal is to examine the tradeoff in complexity and performance when using sparse recovery with compressed or uncompressed samples. To do so, we propose a compressive sparsity aware (CSA) acquisition scheme, where a compressive multichannel sampling (CMS) front-end is followed by a sparsity regularized likelihood ratio test (SR-LRT) module. The CSA scheme borrows insights from the models studied in sub-Nyquist sampling and finite rate of innovation (FRI) signals. We further optimize the CMS front-end by maximizing the average Kullback-Leibler distance of all the hypotheses in the SR-LRT. We compare the CSA scheme vis-à-vis other popular alternatives in terms of performance and complexity. Simulations suggest that one can use the CSA scheme to scale down the implementation cost with greater flexibility than other alternatives. However, we find that they both have overall complexities that scale linearly with the search space. Furthermore, it is shown that compressive measurements used in the SR-LRT lead to a performance loss when noise prevails, while providing better performance in spite of the compression when noise is mild.
Phosphorylation of nerve growth factor receptor proteins in sympathetic neurons and PC12 cells. In vitro phosphorylation by the cAMP-independent protein kinase FA/GSK-3. (1986)

We have examined phosphorylation of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor in cultured sympathetic neurons and PC12 cells. Dissociated rat superior cervical ganglion neurons or PC12 cells were incubated with 32Pi to label cellular phosphoproteins. Membrane proteins were solubilized, and NGF receptor proteins were immunoprecipitated with the monoclonal antibody 192-IgG. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that NGF receptor components of Mr = 80,000 and Mr = 210,000 were phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of neither species was affected by treating the cells with NGF or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. When the 80,000-Da protein was subjected to complete trypsin proteolysis and then analyzed by reverse phase liquid chromatography, two 32P-labeled peptides were resolved. The more hydrophobic peptide accounted for most of the 32P and contained only phosphoserine; the other peptide contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. No phosphotyrosine was detected in the receptor proteins. When receptor molecules from nonlabeled PC12 cells were immunoprecipitated and then incubated in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP and the cAMP-independent protein kinase FA/GSK-3, phosphorylation occurred predominantly on serine and to a lesser extent on threonine. However, the immunoprecipitated receptor proteins neither autophosphorylated nor were they detectably phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, casein kinase II, or protein kinase C (the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme). We conclude that binding units of the NGF receptor are phosphorylated constitutively in at least two sites in intact cells and that they can be phosphorylated by FA/GSK-3 in vitro.
Comparison of Feedback Control Techniques for Torque-Vectoring Control of Fully Electric Vehicles (2014)

Fully electric vehicles (FEVs) with individually controlled powertrains can significantly enhance vehicle response to steering-wheel inputs in both steady-state and transient conditions, thereby improving vehicle handling and, thus, active safety and the fun-to-drive element. This paper presents a comparison between different torque-vectoring control structures for the yaw moment control of FEVs. Two second-order sliding-mode controllers are evaluated against a feedforward controller combined with either a conventional or an adaptive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Furthermore, the potential performance and robustness benefits arising from the integration of a body sideslip controller with the yaw rate feedback control system are assessed. The results show that all the evaluated controllers are able to significantly change the understeer behavior with respect to the baseline vehicle. The PID-based controllers achieve very good vehicle performance in steady-state and transient conditions, whereas the controllers based on the sliding-mode approach demonstrate a high level of robustness against variations in the vehicle parameters. The integrated sideslip controller effectively maintains the sideslip angle within acceptable limits in the case of an erroneous estimation of the tire-road friction coefficient.
A new algorithm to improve the operation of distance relays zone 3 by using Synchronized Phasor Measurements (2010)

Cascaded tripping of power lines due to mal-operation of zone 3 distance relays was one of the main causes of many previous blackouts worldwide. Encroachment of load into zone 3 characteristics during stressed system operation conditions was a basic factor for such mal-operation of the relays. By improving the operation of zone 3 it is possible to prevent mal-operations so that cascaded line tripping can be avoided. This paper proposes a new algorithm that utilizes Synchronized Phasor Measurements (SPM) to enhance the operation of distance protection zone 3 in many aspects. For instance, the relay can differentiate between actual system faults and load encroachment and be blocked. In addition to this, the tripping decision is not affected by the value of fault resistances from zero to High Impedance Faults (HIF) values. The paper discusses the basic idea of the new algorithm and explains with the aid of a simple application how to apply it.
Oral Probiotics Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008)

Probiotics, in the form of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, fed enterally to very low birth weight preterm infants for 6 weeks reduced the incidence of death or necrotizing enterocolitis.
Formation of Volatile Compounds from Maillard Reaction of D-Glucose with DL-Alanine in Propylene Glycol Solution (1988)

The volatile compounds produced from the browning reaction of 0.5M DL-alanine and 0.5M D-glucose mixture using propylene glycol as a reaction medium were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and effects of temperature() and time(20min, 2hours) on the formation of volatile compounds were investigated. Browning reaction were rapidly increased as the reaction temperature and time increased. From methylene chloride extracts, twenty six compounds, including 7 alkyl pyrazines. 4 pyrroles, 3 furans, 1 furanone and 11 miscellaneous compounds were identified. The relative amounts of pyrazines, pyrroles and furans were markedly increased as reaction temperature and time increased. The results showed that caramel-like and burnt sugar-like aroma produced by alanine -glucose reaction must be mainly comprised of nitrogeneous heterocyclic such as pyrazines, pyrroles and oxygen heterocyclic compounds such as 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone.
Effect of Matrigel on Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Differentiation: Modulation of Protease Pattern Gene Expression1 (2002)

The human placenta is characterized by extensive trophoblast invasion of the uterus. Indeed, extravillous cytotrophoblast cells invade the decidua and the upper third of uterine spiral arteries in the myometrium. This invasion is reflected in situ by the expression of specific markers. In order to study this invasion process, we have established an in vitro culture model of human extravillous trophoblast isolated from first trimester chorionic villi. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a composite matrix, the Matrigel required for the culture of this homogenous population of extravillous trophoblasts (EVCT), on their in vitro differentiation. The effect of Matrigel was studied on different markers characterized by immunocytochemistry and by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of transcripts. In addition, the expression of 12 different matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors were investigated. We show that human extravillous cytotrophoblasts acquire an invasive phenotype on Matrigel associated with a specific pattern of protease gene expression. This in vitro model will be of interest to study the cellular mechanisms involved in abnormal trophoblast invasion observed in poor placentation and preeclampsia.
Automated instrumentation and monitoring of data movement in parallel programs (2002)

Writing efficient parallel programs is complicated by the need to select the right data-structure alignments and distributions, which determine the nature and volume of inter-processor communications. A large number of performance tools for parallel programs have been developed recently to expose the nature of these inter-processor communications. However, none of the tools support performance views or provide statistics in terms of inter-processor data-structure interactions. In this paper we discuss the use of compiler front end tools for automatically tracking data-structure movements in message passing programs, and low-overhead monitoring and postprocessing of such codes. In addition, our approach is compiler/pre-processor and platform independent. We demonstrate that robust instrumentation and low, overhead monitoring of inter-processor data-structure movements is possible, with the use of a number of NAS benchmarks run on the i860 hypercube. We also show that the data so collected con be efficiently used by post processing tools that expose performance bottlenecks using graphical displays and performance statistics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some Foundations of Interest in the Auckland Area (1988)

The foundations of four structures are described. The first three, in Auckland city, are spread foundations (strip footings or raft) and are of interest because they have been used in situations where piles might appear more appropriate. The fourth is a pile foundation, used in an unusual situation, namely to support the ore concentrate stockpile at a steel mill. The paper describes how settlements were estimated for each case and how these estimates appeared to exceed the actual measured settlements by a factor of two or greater. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the importance of local experience, balanced against testing and analysis, when predicting settlements.
The Tumor Suppressor Protein Fhit (1999)

FHIT (fragile histidine triad) is a candidate human tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 3p14.2, a location that encompasses the FRA3B chromosomal fragile site. Aberrant transcripts have been detected in a variety of primary tumors, and homozygous deletions in the FHIT locus have been detected in different tumor cell lines. The gene product Fhit in vitro possesses the ability to hydrolyze diadenosine 5',5"'-P(1),P(3)-triphosphate (Ap(3)A). The mechanism of action of Fhit as a tumor suppressor is unknown. Because the tubulin-microtubule system plays an important role in cell division and cell proliferation, we investigated the interaction between wild-type Fhit or mutant Fhit (H96N) and tubulin in vitro. The mutant form of Fhit (H96N) lacks Ap(3)A hydrolase activity but retains tumor suppressor activity. We found that both wild-type and mutated forms of Fhit bind to tubulin strongly and specifically with K(d) values of 1.4 and 2.1 microM, respectively. Neither wild-type nor mutant Fhit cause nucleation or formation of microtubules, but in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins, both wild-type and mutant Fhit promote assembly to a greater extent than do microtubule-associated proteins alone, and the microtubules formed appear normal by electron microscopy. Our results suggest the possibility that Fhit may exert its tumor suppressor activity by interacting with microtubules and also indicate that the interaction between Fhit and tubulin is not related to the Ap(3)A hydrolase activity of Fhit.
Calculating the conductivity of natural waters (2008)

An algorithm is developed to compute the conductivity of lake and dilute ocean water from measured chemical composition at arbitrary temperature and pressure. The complex mixed electrolyte is considered as a sum of binary electrolytes rather than a sum of ions. Effects of ion association are included, and it is found that pairing effects are important in natural freshwaters. Bounds on the accuracy of the algorithm for specific classes of binary electrolytes are assessed and it is estimated that the algorithm has an overall accuracy of better than 2% for salinities less than about 4 g L −1 . Comparison with seawater conductivities is much better than 1%, but predicted conductivities of some published analyses of river waters are about 3% too high. Some of this difference may be due to a lack of data on ion pairing effects between bivalent metals and bicarbonate, but also may result from uncertainties in the measured chemical composition and measured conductivity. An iterative procedure incorporating this algorithm is used to compute reference conductivity at 25°C and salinity from in situ measurements of conductivity in waters where only relative amounts of ions are known. It is found that the conversion to reference conductivity is reasonably independent (to within about 1%) of the ionic composition for most world river waters, but is somewhat different than that for KCl solutions. However, derived salinities are quite sensitive to the composition, and the ratio of ionic salinity to reference conductivity varies between 0.6 and 0.9 mg L −1 (µS cm −1 ) −1 .
Consolidation of clay, with special reference to influence of vertical sand drains : a study made in connection with full-scale investigations at Skå-Edeby (1960)

The present paper deals with the special problems of consolidation which are met with when vertical sand drains are used in order to accelerate the rate of settlement of clay. Furthermore, certain ...
A 3.3 V ASIC for mixed voltage applications with shut down mode (2002)

A 5-V TTL (transistor transistor logic) compatible 260 K circuit ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) family with a 3.3-V nominal operating voltage has been developed using a 0.45 /spl mu/m channel CMOS technology. Modules designed with this family allow mixed-voltage application and are capable of being shut down individually. I/O circuit design and basic cell design are described. Several test vehicles have been built to verify the functionality of the logic family. Library functionality and shutdown capability have been successfully demonstrated with prototype systems.
Design of an integrated ATE amplifier (2002)

A switch mode amplifier design is developed for application to automatic test equipment (ATE) instrumentation. This application requires simultaneous control and measurement of both voltage and current within a user specified region. Advantages and disadvantages of using a switch-mode topology are identified for the ATE application. Comparisons to a linear approach are presented. An integrated circuit to control crossover between voltage and current forcing is designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electron-Optical Properties ot a Flat Television Picture Tube (1960)

Ray paths and focusing properties are calculated for the deflection and acceleration fields of a flat picture tube with lateral beam injection such as has been introduced to the art by W. R. Aiken. The results give insight into the measures which must be taken to achieve linearity of deflection and to assure sharp spot focus over the picture area. Specifically, it is found that linear deflection can be obtained by the application of voltage variations to the deflection electrodes which do not depart greatly from linear variations between the prescribed maximum and minimum values. Horizontal focus is determined almost entirely by the focusing action of the gun and the horizontal deflection plates. The focusing action of the latter is such that the beam incident on the deflection field must be, in general, divergent. The point of divergence required shifts with the horizontal scan, resulting in the need for some kind of dynamic control of gun focus. The horizontal deflection fields, the fields between the accelerating electrodes, and the vertical deflection fields all contribute to vertical focusing. If the separation of the side plates of the horizontal deflection system is of the same order as or less than the height of the deflection structure, the first focus formed by the horizontal deflection field is re-imaged at the screen by the remaining focusing elements. The vertical deflection field alone will not focus a parallel incident pencil in the plane of the screen.
Evaluation of new laryngoscope blade for tracheal intubation, Truview EVO2©; (2008)

Compared with the classical Macintosh blade, the Truview EVO2 blade allowed a better view of the larynx, but did not facilitate endotracheal intubation in any of the difficult scenarios created with the adjustable manikin and in most scenarios in fact prolonged the intubation time.
New versions of PageRank employing alternative Web document models (2004)

Introduces several new versions of PageRank (the link based Web page ranking algorithm), based on an information science perspective on the concept of the Web document. Although the Web page is the typical indivisible unit of information in search engine results and most Web information retrieval algorithms, other research has suggested that aggregating pages based on directories and domains gives promising alternatives, particularly when Web links are the object of study. The new algorithms introduced based on these alternatives were used to rank four sets of Web pages. The ranking results were compared with human subjects’ rankings. The results of the tests were somewhat inconclusive: the new approach worked well for the set that includes pages from different Web sites; however, it does not work well in ranking pages that are from the same site. It seems that the new algorithms may be effective for some tasks but not for others, especially when only low numbers of links are involved or the pages to be ranked are from the same site or directory.
Self-amplified spontaneous emission FEL with energy-chirped electron beam and its application for generation of attosecond x-ray pulses (2006)

Influence of a linear energy chirp in the electron beam on a self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) Free Electron Laser (FEL) operation is studied analytically and numerically using a 1D model. Analytical results are based on the theoretical background developed by Krinsky and Huang [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 6, 050702 (2003)]. Explicit expressions for Green's functions and for output power of a SASE FEL are obtained for the high-gain linear regime in the limits of small and large energy chirp parameters. Saturation length and power versus energy chirp parameter are calculated numerically. It is shown that the effect of linear energy chirp on FEL gain is equivalent to the linear undulator tapering (or linear energy variation along the undulator). A consequence of this fact is a possibility to perfectly compensate FEL gain degradation, caused by the energy chirp, by means of the undulator tapering independently of the value of the energy chirp parameter. An application of this effect for generation of attosecond pulses from a hard x-ray FEL is proposed. Strong energy modulation within a short slice of an electron bunch is produced by a few-cycle optical laser pulse in a short undulator, placed in front of the main undulator. Gain degradation within this slice is compensated by an appropriate undulator taper while the rest of the bunch suffers from this taper and does not lase. Three-dimensional simulations predict that short (200 attoseconds) high-power (up to 100 GW) pulses can be produced in Angstrom wavelength range with a high degree of contrast. A possibility to reduce pulse duration to sub-100 attosecond scale is discussed.
[The physicochemical characterization and therapeutic evaluation of Cicatrol]. (1992)

Cicatrol ointment with the formula: argentic sulphamethoxydiasine 1 g, bentonite hydrogel 12.5% for 100 g is manufactured at the Microproduction Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Iaşi. The one-year physicochemical determinations of the aspect, colour, homogeneity, pH, rheological behaviour and relative viscosity, content in argentic sulphamethoxydiasine as well as "in vitro" antimicrobial activity of Cicatrol showed a good stability and gel properties enabling an uniform and long-term contact with the wound. The clinical investigations carried out until now in patients with burns, varicose ulcers, trophic shank ulcers, superficial phlebitis with atonic ulcerations or wounds with multiple sites revealed its remarkable therapeutic value. As compared to other similar products, Cicatrol by its aseptic properties favours the scarring of any type of wound, a normal skin, without keloid scars being obtained, it also being well tolerated.