gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On detecting association-based clique outliers in heterogeneous information networks (2013)

In the real world, various systems can be modeled using heterogeneous networks which consist of entities of different types. People like to discover groups (or cliques) of entities linked to each other with rare and surprising associations from such networks. We define such anomalous cliques as <u>A</u>ssociation-<u>B</u>ased <u>C</u>lique Outliers (ABCOutliers) for heterogeneous information networks, and design effective approaches to detect them. The need to find such outlier cliques from networks can be formulated as a conjunctive select query consisting of a set of (type, predicate) pairs. Answering such conjunctive queries efficiently involves two main challenges: (1) computing all matching cliques which satisfy the query and (2) ranking such results based on the rarity and the interestingness of the associations among entities in the cliques. In this paper, we address these two challenges as follows. First, we introduce a new low-cost graph index to assist clique matching. Second, we define the outlierness of an association between two entities based on their attribute values and provide a methodology to efficiently compute such outliers given a conjunctive select query. Experimental results on several synthetic datasets and the Wikipedia dataset containing thousands of entities show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in computing interesting ABCOutliers.
Fc gamma receptor-mediated functions in neutrophils are modulated by adenosine receptor occupancy. A1 receptors are stimulatory and A2 receptors are inhibitory. (1990)

Adenosine, an endogenously released purine, modulates the functions of many cells through surface A1 and A2 receptors. We examined the hypothesis that adenosine receptor ligation regulates Fc gamma R-triggered inflammatory response by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), a response which is critical to the pathogenesis of immune complex diseases. The effects of adenosine analogs on Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and superoxide anion (O2-) generation in human neutrophils were investigated. 5'(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine (NECA), the most potent A2 receptor agonist, inhibited Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and O2- generation, whereas N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), a highly selective A1 receptor agonist, enhanced these functions. The effects of the adenosine analogs were markedly accentuated in neutrophils adherent to biologic surfaces. Both the inhibition by NECA and the enhancement by CPA of PMN Fc gamma R functions were blocked by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline, which suggests that occupancy of surface adenosine receptors mediated the actions of these analogs. Because A1 receptors on PMN are linked to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, our evidence that pertussis toxin blocked the effects on Fc gamma R function brought about by CPA but not by NECA further supports the hypothesis that CPA acts via an A1 receptor. Our data indicate that adenosine A1 and A2 receptors modulate neutrophil Fc gamma R function in opposing ways, allowing for a concentration-dependent, adenosine-regulated feed-back loop. At low concentrations there is enhancement of neutrophil Fc gamma R function via PMN A1 receptors, whereas at higher concentrations (those which may occur at sites of damaged tissues), there is inhibition via A2 receptors. Our observation that adenosine analogs had more potent effects on adherent neutrophils emphasizes the potential importance of adenosine as a modulator of Fc gamma R-triggered inflammation in vivo.
Vascular endothelial growth/permeability factor expression in human glioma specimens: correlation with vasogenic brain edema and tumor-associated cysts (1995)

Peritumoral vasogenic brain edema (PVBE) is a common accompaniment of malignant gliomas. It results from microvascular extravasation of plasma fluid and proteins through the interendothelial spaces. Tumor-associated cysts (TACs) are observed more commonly with benign gliomas that are not associated with PVBE. This study investigates the hypothesis that these morphologically distinct epiphenomena of microvascular extravasation are linked by a common pathophysiological mechanism involving vascular endothelial growth/permeability factor (VEG/PF), which has been implicated in vascular leak phenomena including ascites, malignant effusions, and brain edema. Furthermore, VEG/PF has been isolated from cultured glioma cells, and both VEG/PF protein and messenger RNA transcripts are expressed in brain tumor tissue. To further elucidate the relationship of VEG/PF to PVBE and TACs, the authors examined 34 pathological specimens for VEG/PF expression. Nineteen primary low-grade tumors, 11 primary high-grade tumors, and four gliosis controls were immunostained with a polyclonal anti-VEG/PF immunoglobulin G antibody. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantitate PVBE and to determine the presence of TACs and tumor enhancement. The study revealed that eight VEG/PF-negative specimens exhibited no significant edema, whereas 26 VEG/PF-positive tumors exhibited either significant PVBE or TACs. Notably, eight of nine benign TACs that were not associated with PVBE immunostained positive for VEG/PF. These data indicate a high degree of correlation between VEG/PF expression by gliomas and the occurrence of PVBE or TACs, irrespective of tumor grade, thus supporting VEG/PF's pivotal role as the common pathophysiological link between these processes.
Uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy for c-plane oriented Co100−xMx (M: Cr, Mo, W) film with stacking faults (2009)

Stacking faults (SFs) in Co-based alloy grains in a Co100−xMx (M: Cr, Mo, and W) film are evaluated by means of in-plane x-ray diffraction. Moreover, the correlation between SFs and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy Ku is discussed in connection with the spin-orbit interaction. The ratio of the integrated intensities of the (10.0) to (11.0) diffractions corrected by Lorentz and atomic scattering factors has been proposed as an index for SFs in hcp films with a c-plane sheet texture. This ratio is equal to 0.25 for perfect hcp stacking, while it is 0 for perfect fcc specific stacking. It has a one-to-one correspondence with the probability of -A-B-C- atomic-layer stacking Pfcc. Using this index, pure sputtered Co films are found to have a Pfcc of 10%. The addition of only 5 at. % of Mo or W into the Co grains reduces Pfcc to 2%. Ku was found to increase with the addition of material (e.g., Ku was 4.0×106 ergs/cm3 for 5 at. % Mo), although the atomic magnetic moment of Co decreases monotonously. A Pfcc of 10% is found to lower Ku in a pure Co film by more than a factor of 2 when the spin-orbit interaction is taken into account.
High-Level Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of Biologically Active Bovine Growth Hormone (1985)

High-level synthesis of bovine growth hormone (bGH) in Escherichia coli was achieved by maximizing gene transcription and optimizing the translational efficiency of bGH mRNA. Nearly all of the recombinant hormone was found in the pellet fraction after bacterial cell lysis. This property allowed the purification of bGH nearly to homogeneity. Protein sequence analysis indicated that greater than 93% of the purified hormone had the amino-terminal methionine residue removed by E. coli, yielding mature bGH. In a hypophysectomized rat assay system, purified bacterial-produced bGH demonstrated growth-promoting activity equivalent to that of pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone.
Electro-Thermal Beam Steering Using Bragg Reflector Waveguide Amplifier (2012)

We demonstrate the electro-thermal beam steering taking advantage of the large angular dispersion of a Bragg Reflector waveguide amplifier. It is realized by changing the waveguide refractive index with injection current in the amplifier. Both theoretical calculations and experimental demonstration are presented. Output light rotates over 6° with an injection current of 400 mA. The divergence angle is smaller than 1°. The result reveals a possibility of electro-thermal tuning in our proposed beam steering device.
Role of chain pairing for the production of functional soluble IA major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. (1996)

Structural studies of cellular receptor molecules involved in immune recognition require the production of large quantities of the extracellular domains of these glycoproteins. The murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted response has been extensively studied by functional means, but the engineering and purification of the native, empty form of the most-studied murine MHC class II molecule, IA, has been difficult to achieve. IA molecules, which are the murine equivalent of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DQ molecules, have a low efficiency of chain pairing, which results in poor transport to the cell surface and in the appearance of mixed isotype pairs. We have engineered soluble IA molecules whose pairing has been forced by the addition of leucine zipper peptide dimers at their COOH-terminus. The molecules are secreted "empty" into the extracellular medium and can be loaded with single peptide after purification. These IA molecules have been expressed in milligram quantity for crystallization as well as for activation of T cells and measurement of MHC class II-T cell receptor interactions.
Earth-Based Radar Contribution to Mars Sample Return (1988)

Earth based radar has often observed planets decades before space missions and provided valuable information leading to the success of those missions. As a Mars Sample Return Mission is contemplated, possible measurements by earth based radar should be reviewed. Earth based radars provide measurements of topography, bulk dielectric constants, rms slopes, and surface rock populations. All of these measurement will be valuable to a Mars Sample Return Mission. The 1988 and 1990 oppositions provide excellent positions for the extension of southern earth based coverage of Mars to -25 deg, while oppositions for the rest of the 1990's will provide coverage of northern latitudes to 25 deg.
Controlled Polymerization of β-Pinadiene: Accessing Unusual Polymer Architectures with Biomass-Derived Monomers (2020)

Biomass-derived polymers are emerging as critically needed alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts. Terpenes, which are among the most abundant natural products, represent particularly fertile chemical space for monomer development (given their inherent structural complexity). Here, we present the living vinyl-addition polymerization of β-pinadiene (the cumulated congener of β-pinene) at room temperature. Employing [(π-allyl)NiOCOCF<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub> as a catalyst afforded the desired polymers with good control over molecular weight and dispersity. Interestingly, the bicyclic pinane core was retained in the isolated materials (which starkly contrasts prototypical pinene polymerizations). Moreover, the reported materials exhibited impressive thermal stability (<i>T</i><sub>d</sub> = 294 °C) and high glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub> = 160 °C). As the polymerization of terpene-derived cumulenes can afford scaffolds that defy current synthetic logic, we anticipate our work will unlock additional avenues for sustainable polymer development.
Light Oil Recovery From Cyclic CO2 Injection: Influence of Low Pressures, Impure CO2, and Reservoir Gas (1991)

Summary This paper is a laboratory and field investigation of the CO2 huff ‘n’ puff process for the enhanced recovery of light crude oil. Cyclic CO2 displacement results with live and dead oils in watered-out Berea cores are presented. Sixty-five single-well cyclic CO2 field tests conducted in a pressure-depleted reservoir are evaluated.
International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 11, November 2008 (2009)

There is a large volume of extant literature relating to lean management within the automobile manufacturing industry, but, there is very limited research on lean management within dealerships. Furthermore, the relevance of lean management within the Irish motor industry is a relatively unexplored area. Due to a lack of information, many misconceptions and misunderstandings exist regarding lean management and its relevance to motor dealerships. This paper explores the impact of lean management on Irish motor dealerships which have implemented lean procedures and explores the perceptions of dealerships which have not embarked on a lean management programme. The paper provides an analysis of lean management procedures from the perspective of senior managers working in franchised Audi and Volkswagen dealerships in Ireland. Overall, the results of the study indicate that lean management procedures have a positive influence on dealerships, but, the importance of training and commitment for lean procedures to be successful should be emphasised.
Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control: Transport Mechanism Through Porous Media (2007)

Summary Preformed particle gel (PPG) has been successfully synthesized and applied to control excess water production in most of the mature, waterflooded oil fields in China. This paper reports on laboratory experiments carried out to investigate PPG transport mechanisms through porous media. Visual observations in etched-glass micromodels demonstrate that PPG propagation through porous media exhibits six patterns of behavior: direct pass, adsorption, deform and pass, snap-off and pass, shrink and pass, and trap. At the macroscopic scale, PPG propagation through porous media can be described by three patterns: pass, broken and pass, and plug. The dominant pattern is determined by the pressure change with time along a tested core (as measured at specific points), the particle-size ratio of injected and produced particles from the core outlet, and the residual resistance factor of each segment along the core. Measurements from micromodel and routine coreflooding experiments show that a swollen PPG particle can pass through a pore throat with a diameter that is smaller than the particle diameter owing to the elasticity and deformability of the swollen PPG particle. The largest diameter ratio of a PPG particle and a pore throat that the PPG particle can pass through depends on the swollen PPG strength. PPG particles can pass through porous media only if the driving pressure gradient is higher than the threshold pressure gradient. The threshold pressure depends on the strength of the swollen PPG and the ratio of the particle diameter and the average pore diameter.
The Prevalence of Metoclopramide-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia and Acute Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders (1993)

Metoclopramide use is associated with a significantly increased prevalence and severity of several extrapyramidal movement disorders.
Biologic therapy in patients receiving salvage treatment. (1994)

In recent years, biologic response modifiers, including recombinant cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors, have been used to treat patients with refractory hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, as well as chemotherapy-associated myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia and treatment- and/or malignancy-related anemia. Various cytokines appear to be effective in patients with hematologic malignancies, but long-term and durable responses in the salvage setting are rare. In patients with solid tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and colorectal cancer, cytokines may have a limited role in primary therapy but are of little value in salvage therapy. Complications of malignancy and antineoplastic therapy are widely treated with hematopoietic growth factors, like granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and more recently the interferons and interleukins have demonstrated a potential role in this setting.
Modelling penetration of plant cuticles by crop protection agents and effects of adjuvants on their rates of penetration (1994)

Abstract A theory of cuticular penetration of crop protection agents (CPAs) is presented, which incorporates properties of cuticles and cuticular waxes as well as properties of active ingredients and adjuvants. Based on this theory, two models are developed which are analytical in the sense that they help to quantify and understand (i) differences in permeability among cuticles from different species, (ii) effects of properties of CPAs on permeabilities of cuticles and rates of uptake and (iii) the effects of adjuvants on properties of cuticles and rates of uptake of CPAs. The models can be used to predict rates of uptake of CPAs as affected by properties of cuticular waxes, active ingredients and adjuvants. However, before this can be done, a constant, two parameters and at least two variables must be estimated. Properties of cuticles are accounted for by the constant D 0 /Δ x and the parameter β′. The former, the ratio of the mobility of a hypothetical molecule having zero molar volume ( D 0 x ) divided by the path length (Δ x ) across the cuticle, has the dimension of velocity (ms −1 ) and is independent of the solubility of the CPA. The latter is a measure of size selectivity of the cuticle. Differences in permeabilities of cuticles from different species increase with increasing size of active ingredients due to size selectivity (β′). Removing cuticular waxes from Citrus cuticles increased D 0 /Δ x by a factor of 2042, while β was not affected. Differential solubility of CPAs is considered part of the driving force and at least two different partition coefficients are needed to account for differences in solubilities in cuticular waxes, cutin, water and the formulation residue on the surface of the cuticles. Adjuvants are solvents in the formulation residue on the leaf surface once the carriers (water and other volatile solvents) have evaporated and certain adjuvants also act as accelerators; they penetrate the cuticle and increase D 0 /Δ x . Thus, accelerators increase rates of uptake and this effect depends on two factors, (i) the intrinsic activity of the accelerator and (ii) rate of penetration into the cuticle, because the active ingredients follow the accelerator front across the cuticle. Since accelerators penetrate from the formulation residue into the cuticle, the volume of the formulation residue decreases with time. This maintains high concentrations of CPAs in the formulation residue and, thus, maximum driving forces and rates of penetration. To utilise fully this dual accelerator effect, it is necessary to match velocities of penetration of accelerators and active ingredients accurately.
Urban water supply (1964)

About 70% of the population of New Zealand is served by public piped water-supply systems. Half of these supplies use water from upland catchments while only 20% use groundwater (1). The water-supply industry faces problems of availability of water, of administration, and of economics.
Catalytic Conversion of Allylic Esters to Corresponding Allylic Silanes with Hexamethyldisilane and Palladium(0) or Rhodium(I) Complexes (1984)

Abstract Treatment of allylic esters (R1CH=CR2CH2OCOR3: R1=H, Ar; R2=H, alkyl; and R3=Me, Ph) with hexamethyldisilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of PdL4 (L=PPh3 or P(OPh)3) or RhCl(PPh3)3 gives the corresponding allylic silanes in the excellent yield.
A New Baseline for the Inertial Navigation Strapdown Simulator Program. Volume 4. Program Listings (1978)

Abstract : This four-volume report describes an updated and expanded version of a direct, digital, modular simulation of a strapdown inertial navigation system employing a wander-azimuth computational frame, and subject to a six degree of freedom random vibration environment. The original version of this simulation was developed under Task 4.2.3(a) of the above contract during 1975 and 1976. The user may simulate not only the gross dynamics of the flight profile (from an external or internal profile generation) but also the angular and linear random vibrations resulting from gusts and turbulence acting on the airframe. The total environment is applied to the models of the inertial components (laser or SDR gyros and pendulous accelerometers). The resulting outputs of simulated IMU are summed in an interface module and compensated and scaled in the simulated navigation computer. The latter also contains the velocity/attitude algorithm, which computes the body-to-inertial transformation, using either the direction cosine matrix or quaternion, and the navigation algorithm which numerically integrates the specific forces after transformation to the local vertical, wander azimuth computational frame. The outputs of the simulated navigation computer are the computed position, velocity, and attitude of the vehicle with respect to a local vertical, north pointing frame. The computer outputs are tabulated in an evaluation module for printing, plotting, or post processing.
Sulfate35 Uptake and Incorporation into Aortic Mucopolysaccharides in Experimental Diabetes (1969)

Sulfate35 uptake and incorporation was markedly increased in diabetic rats 4 hr after an intraperitoneal injection of labeled sulfate. Following this early peak, the synthesis of sulfated compounds was decreased in experimental diabetes.
Arsenic Immobilization by Calcium Arsenate Formation (1999)

Lime additions to arsenic-containing wastes have been proven to be beneficial in reducing the mobility of dissolved arsenic, presumably through the formation of low-solubility calcium arsenates. However, the role of calcium arsenate formation in reducing the concentrations of dissolved arsenic has not been well established. Therefore, slurries with varying Ca/As ratios were equilibrated, and the compounds that formed at elevated pH values were established. In contrast to the literature, Ca3(AsO4)2 was not observed, rather Ca4(OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O, Ca5(AsO4)3OH (arsenate apatite), and Ca3(AsO4)2·32/3H2O had formed. The equilibrium concentrations of arsenic were found to be the lowest at high pH. Minimum arsenic concentrations in equilibrium with Ca4(OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O and Ca5(AsO4)3OH were 0.01 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Because arsenate apatite is stable to near-neutral pH values, the extent of its solid solubility with Ca5(PO4)3OH was determined. This was done to assess the effects of phosphate ion on the possible release of arsenate ion. Although equilibrium arsenate ion concentrations increased with decreasing pH, solid solution formation did not occur under ambient conditions. Rather, the arsenate apatite formed at the expense of Ca5(PO4)3OH.
The Marketing Dilemma of Negroes (1965)

The behavior of Negroes in the marketplace is shown to be integrally related to attempts to find full status in American Society. According to the authors, the Negro market divides “spontaneously” into two segments on the extent to which individual Negroes make the efforts to achieve this full status.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of DNA complementary to chicken liver fatty acid synthase mRNA. (1988)

The cDNA corresponding to 4.18 kilobases (kb) of the mRNA of chicken liver fatty acid synthase has been cloned and sequenced. The cDNA corresponds to the 3' end of the mRNA and consists of a 1.87-kb noncoding tail and a 2.31-kb region encoding 769 amino acids of the C terminus of the enzyme. The thioesterase at the C terminus, preceded by the acyl carrier protein, can be identified from known amino acid sequences. However, the identity of the enzymes N terminal to the acyl carrier protein could not be ascertained. The partial amino acid sequence of the chicken liver fatty acid synthase shows greater than 70% similarity with the rat mammary gland enzyme.