gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical chain termination resolves the timing of ketoreduction in a partially reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase (2015)

Synthetic chain terminators were used to capture the biosynthetic intermediates from a partially reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase, which is integrated into a multimodular biosynthesis enzyme. The off-loaded metabolites clarified the timing of ketoreduction and aromatization in the assembly of the antibiotic micacocidin.
Contemporary Identity, Culture and the Art of Redress: Tokyo Street Style and Shigeyuki Kihara in Aotearoa New Zealand (2014)

Contemporary Identity, Culture and the Art of Redress: Tokyo Street Style and Shigeyuki Kihara in Aotearoa New Zealand
Effect of room modelling and sensor position on performance assessment of variable air volume control systems (2003)

Variable air volume (VAV) systems are commonly used for air conditioning in buildings. The testing of different control strategies and controllers for this application has been a main concern in several simulation studies. In these simulations much attention has been paid to the accuracy of the models of the VAV system while very simple models are often used at the room level. These room models assume that the air in the room is perfectly mixed, even when the prevailing conditions are not at all homogeneous. Another important issue when testing controllers is the method used to assess the control performance. Since it makes no sense to use very detailed room models, if the method of performance assessment is insensitive to the way in which the room is modelled, both issues must be treated simultaneously. The paper considers the problem of assessing the performance of VAV systems that use ceiling diffusers. The study includes the development of a convection model for a room. Its complexity is reduced to a minimum to allow detailed dynamic simulation of a whole building, complete with its VAV system and other building services (e.g., sun-blinds, lighting, etc.). Since air‘ ow in a room depends strongly on the type of diffuser that is used, the study is carried out for both round and slot diffusers. Results are presented that show that the room model and the position of the sensor affect the performance in different ways depending on the diffuser type and the operating mode. It is concluded that there are only small differences in terms of thermal comfort but signi” cant differences in terms of overall energy consumption. The effect of sensor position on energy consumption is found to be a function of steady state temperature differences.
Flavonoids as Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitors:  A Fluorescence Quenching Study (2006)

Flavonoids, a group of naturally occurring antioxidants and metal chelators, can be used as tyrosinase inhibitors due to their formation of copper-flavonoid complexes. Thus, to investigate the underlying inhibition mechanism, a large group of flavonoids from several major flavones and flavonols were tested using fluorescence quenching spectroscopy. In addition, large differences in the tyrosinase inhibitory activities and chelating capacities according to the location of the hydroxyl group(s) in combination with the A and B rings in the flavonoids were confirmed. Accordingly, the major conclusions from this work are as follows: (i) The tyrosinase inhibitory activity is not only dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups in the flavonoids, (ii) the enzyme is primarily quenched by the hydroxyl group(s) of A and B rings on the ether side of the flavonoids, and (iii) the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone is supported by a virtual model of docking with the mushroom tyrosinase, which depicts the quenching of the enzyme. The results also demonstrated that the dihydroxy substitutions in the A and B rings are crucial for Cu2+-chelate formation, thereby influencing the tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
Poly(ether/ester)s based on poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene glycol), 4. Modification with 2‐butyne‐1,4‐diol (1990)

Abstract A series of poly(ether/ester)s derived from dimethyl terephthalate, 1,4‐butanediol, 2‐butyne‐1,4‐diol (2‐BD‐1,4) and α‐hydro‐ω‐hydroxypoly(oxyethylene) (molecular weight 1000) is synthesized. The mole ratio of the starting components is selected to result in copolymers with constant hard : soft segment weight ratio (59:41). The amount of 2‐BD‐1,4 is varied from 0 to 20 wt.‐% referred to the total amount of the short‐chain diols used. The incorporation of 2‐BD‐1,4 in the macrochains is proved by 1 H NMR measurements. A small increase of the oxygen index is found with increasing the amount of 2‐BD‐1,4. It is established that the poly(ether/ester) containing 10 wt.‐% of 2‐BD‐1,4 behaves as known poly(ether/ester)s. Data from differential scanning calorimetry suggest a three‐phase structure, two amorphous and one crystalline one. Small‐angle X‐ray studies of the annealed samples reveal a strong tendency to phase separation with increasing the annealing temperature. The latter is in agreement with density measurements.
Anion-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1D magnetic α- and β-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures for recyclable water treatment application (2015)

The as-prepared MnO<sub>2</sub>, especially <italic>β</italic>-MnO<sub>2</sub>, exhibits superior degradation ability compared to the conventional adsorbents.
Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders (2016)

The adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. The white adipose tissue functions as a key energy reservoir for other organs, whereas the brown adipose tissue accumulates lipids for cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis. Adipose tissues secrete various hormones, cytokines, and metabolites (termed as adipokines) that control systemic energy balance by regulating appetitive signals from the central nerve system as well as metabolic activity in peripheral tissues. In response to changes in the nutritional status, the adipose tissue undergoes dynamic remodeling, including quantitative and qualitative alterations in adipose tissue-resident cells. A growing body of evidence indicates that adipose tissue remodeling in obesity is closely associated with adipose tissue function. Changes in the number and size of the adipocytes affect the microenvironment of expanded fat tissues, accompanied by alterations in adipokine secretion, adipocyte death, local hypoxia, and fatty acid fluxes. Concurrently, stromal vascular cells in the adipose tissue, including immune cells, are involved in numerous adaptive processes, such as dead adipocyte clearance, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis, all of which are dysregulated in obese adipose tissue remodeling. Chronic overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses, leading to systemic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance. This review will discuss current mechanistic understandings of adipose tissue remodeling processes in adaptive energy homeostasis and pathological remodeling of adipose tissue in connection with immune response.
Up-regulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors in murine peritoneal exudate macrophages by both GM-CSF and IL-3 (1992)

Murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) display multiple CSF receptors. In this study, the expression of granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF receptors in PEM was studied. PEM displayed over 5000 single type, high affinity GM-CSF receptors/cell with a Kd = 38 to 42 pM and an apparent molecular mass of 86,000 Da. Treatment of PEM with low, but not high, concentrations of recombinant murine (rMu) GM-CSF continuously for 24 h resulted in a marked up-regulation of GM-CSF receptors in PEM. A similar up-regulation of GM-CSF receptors also was detected in PEM cultures treated with rMuIL-3 (1-100 ng/ml) for 24 h or longer, regardless the doses of rMuIL-3 added in this case. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding showed that the enhanced binding activities in both cases were due to an increase in total number of GM-CSF receptors rather than changes in receptor affinity. Contrariwise, treatment with recombinant human macrophage-CSF (greater than 100-1000 ng/ml) partially inhibited the expression of GM-CSF receptors in PEM. Removal of rMuGM-CSF from culture medium 24 h after treatment led to a further up-regulation of GM-CSF receptors over a 4 to 24-h period, depending on the doses of initial treatment. On the other hand, removal of rMuIL-3 from culture medium after prolonged treatment did not result in further increase in GM-CSF receptors. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abrogated GM-CSF receptor up-regulation induced by both rMuIL-3 and rMuGM-CSF, whereas actinomycin D inhibited only the second (8-24 h) phase of GM-CSF receptor up-regulation induced by exposure to high concentrations rMuGM-CSF (10 ng/ml). These findings suggest that rMuGM-CSF and rMuIL-3 up-regulate GM-CSF receptors in PEM in part through similar or identical metabolic pathways and provide further evidence of a close linkage between IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors.
Differential Involvement of the Hyaluronan (HA) Receptors CD44 and Receptor for HA-mediated Motility in Endothelial Cell Function and Angiogenesis (2001)

Hyaluronan (HA), an important glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, has been implicated in angiogenesis. It appears to exert its biological effects through binding interactions with at least two cell surface receptors: CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM). Recent in vitro studies have suggested potential roles for these two molecules in various aspects of endothelial function. However, the relative contribution of each receptor to endothelial functions critical to angiogenesis and their roles in vivo have not been established. We therefore investigated the endothelial expression of these proteins and determined the effects of antibodies against RHAMM and CD44 on endothelial cell (EC) function and in vivo angiogenesis. Both receptors were detected on vascular endothelium in situ, and on the surface of cultured EC. Further studies with active blocking antibodies revealed that anti-CD44 but not anti-RHAMM antibody inhibited EC adhesion to HA and EC proliferation, whereas anti-RHAMM but not CD44 antibody blocked EC migration through the basement membrane substrate, Matrigel. Although antibodies against both receptor inhibited in vitro endothelial tube formation, only the anti-RHAMM antibody blocked basic fibroblast growth factor-induced neovascularization in mice. These data suggest that RHAMM and CD44, through interactions with their ligands, are both important to processes required for the formation of new blood vessels.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: Lab demonstrations (1994)

The quality of apheresis platelets is not affected by anxiety levels and lifestyle characteristics of blood donors. There is no need to organize apheresis blood donor pool considering with these subjects.
Chemical proteomics reveals target selectivity of clinical Jak inhibitors in human primary cells (2019)

Kinobeads are a set of promiscuous kinase inhibitors immobilized on sepharose beads for the comprehensive enrichment of endogenously expressed protein kinases from cell lines and tissues. These beads enable chemoproteomics profiling of kinase inhibitors of interest in dose-dependent competition studies in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry. We present improved bead matrices that capture more than 350 protein kinases and 15 lipid kinases from human cell lysates, respectively. A multiplexing strategy is suggested that enables determination of apparent dissociation constants in a single mass spectrometry experiment. Miniaturization of the procedure enabled determining the target selectivity of the clinical BCR-ABL inhibitor dasatinib in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) lysates from individual donors. Profiling of a set of Jak kinase inhibitors revealed kinase off-targets from nearly all kinase families underpinning the need to profile kinase inhibitors against the kinome. Potently bound off-targets of clinical inhibitors suggest polypharmacology, e.g. through MRCK alpha and beta, which bind to decernotinib with nanomolar affinity.
Cross-layer coordination for efficient contents delivery in LTE eMBMS traffic (2012)

Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) in LTE standards provides Raptor code as Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme in application layer. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is also used to increase reliability at MAC layer for packet recovery. The two mechanisms, with no interactions between them, may either lead to more redundancy in download link (DL) network resource or meaningless drops of recovery data at application layer. In this paper, we first analyze tradeoff between two recovery mechanisms and then present a probabilistic model to find optimal Raptor encoding rate and number of HARQ retransmissions for a given network condition. This can achieve a saving of upto 13-15% in DL network resources compared to existing schemes while ensuring reliable file delivery. It was also found to reduce the transmission delay (by minimizing the number of re-transmissions). The model was evaluated using LTE-A simulation framework.
Urinary Catheters: A Review (2005)

The purpose of the article is to review the history, the indications for and methods of urinary catheterization, types of urinary catheters and ancillary devices used, and the adverse effects of the procedure. Urinary catheters are used for diagnosing pathology in the lower urinary tract, to monitor urine output, and to relieve urinary retention. Their universal availability and ease of insertion too often leads to indiscreet and prolonged use. Condom catheters are a safer alternative in people able to void spontaneously. When prolonged catheterization is necessary, intermittent insertion minimizes irritation, local and ascending infection, and stone formation. Earlier catheter removals, use of smaller bore catheters and a closed drainage system and optimal hygienic techniques (hand-washing, sterile catheterization techniques) by health care workers are effective in minimizing the incidence of infection. Patient discomfort, catheter induced trauma to the lower urinary tract and abdominal wall, calculi, bladder spasms and contraction, and balloon problems are well known complications associated with catheter use. There is a growing trend towards avoiding routine peri-operative catheterization during laparoscopy, cesarean sections, and pelvic surgery. With family physicians increasingly involved in the multidisciplinary care of complex patients, they need to be aware of the current recommendations associated with the use of urinary catheters, and the problems associated with their insertion and maintenance.
An efficient triple resonance experiment using carbon-13 isotropic mixing for determining sequence-specific resonance assignments of isotopically-enriched proteins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient triple resonance experiment using carbon-13 isotropic mixing for determining sequence-specific resonance assignments of isotopically-enriched proteinsGaetano T. Montelione, Barbara A. Lyons, S. Donald Emerson, and Mitsuru TashiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10974–10975Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations254LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tandem mass spectrometry applied to protein structure problems (1989)

Conference Article| February 01 1989 Tandem mass spectrometry applied to protein structure problems KLAUS BIEMANN KLAUS BIEMANN 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (1): 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170237 Article history Received: August 05 1988 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation KLAUS BIEMANN; Tandem mass spectrometry applied to protein structure problems. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1989; 17 (1): 237–243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170237 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: FAB, fast atom bombardment, CID, collisionally induced dissociation This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Synthesis and characterization of novel aromatic poly(imide–benzoxazole) copolymers (2005)

Abstract New poly(imide–benzoxazole) copolymers were prepared directly from a dianhydride, a diacid chloride, and a bis( o ‐diaminophenol) monomer in a two‐step method. In the first step, poly(amic acid–hydroxyamide) precursors were synthesized by low‐temperature solution polymerization in an organic solvent. Subsequently, the thermal cyclodehydration of the poly(amic acid–hydroxyamide) precursors at 350 °C produced the corresponding poly(imide–benzoxazole) copolymers. The inherent viscosities of the precursor polymers were around 0.19–0.33 dL/g. The cyclized poly(imide–benzoxazole) copolymers had glass‐transition temperatures in the range of 331–377 °C. The 5% weight loss temperatures ranged from 524 to 535 °C in nitrogen and from 500 to 514 °C in air. The poly(imide–benzoxazole) copolymers were amorphous, as evidenced by the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements. The structures of the precursor copolymers and the fully cyclized copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR, and elemental analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6020–6027, 2005
Vaccination of calves against<i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i>with cysteine proteinase enriched protein fractions (2002)

Cysteine proteinase enriched fractions obtained by thiol-sepharose chromatography of Ostertagia ostertagi membrane-bound protein extract (S3-thiol) or total adult excretory-secretory (ES-thiol) products were tested in a vaccination experiment to evaluate their protective efficacy against O. ostertagi in cattle. Calves were vaccinated three times and subsequently challenged with a trickled infection of 25,000 infective larvae in total over 25 days (1000 L3/day, 5 days/week). Geometric mean cumulative egg counts in the ES-thiol group were reduced by 60% during the 2-month period between the first challenge infection and necropsy, compared to the control group (P < 0.002). No reduction in egg output was observed in the S3-thiol group. At necropsy, calves immunized with ES-thiol had a significantly higher percentage of inhibited L4 larvae (9.8%) and had in total 18% less worms than the control calves, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Both the female and male adult worms were significantly smaller in the ES-thiol group than in the control group. Although no significant difference was observed in the number of eggs per female worm between the groups, there was a trend to less eggs per female worm in the ES-thiol group. Number of worms, size of adult worms and number of eggs per female worm were not significantly different between the S3-thiol group and the control group. Systemic immunization with QuilA as adjuvant induced a significant rise in Ostertagia-specific antibody levels in the abomasal mucosa. Ostertagia-specific local antibody levels showed a significant negative correlation with the size of the adult worms, the number of eggs per female worm and the cumulative faecal egg counts. However, these correlations were quite weak and did not appear to be isotype-specific.
A Channel-Blind Decoding for LDPC Based on Deep Learning and Dictionary Learning (2019)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are used to correct encoding errors that occur during transmission, which enjoys an excellent performance. The performance of existing Min-Sum decoders for LDPC codes relies heavily on accurate channel estimation. A two-dimensional blind channel decoding algorithm that does not require precise channel estimation is presented in this paper. The algorithm converts the original one-dimensional signal into a two-dimensional LDPC signal according to the template. Dictionary learning is introduced for pre-filtering, and deep learning is adopted for further denoising and decoding. It is revealed that the two-dimensional blind decoding algorithm has a significant improvement over the traditional belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm when the channel noise is unknown. Moreover, the combination of dictionary learning and deep learning has a great improvement in performance and data size reduction.
Dynamics of Component Separation in a Binary Mixture of Bose-Einstein Condensates [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1539 (1998)] (1998)

Received 23 September 1998DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4531©1998 American Physical Society
Throughput Enhancement of Random Access in Unstructured Networks via Successive Decoding (2007)

Existing random access protocols are essentially based on the collision avoidance paradigm (e.g. the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CD with CTS/RTS) which corresponds to orthogonal multiple access. This is known to be optimal, in the information-theoretic sense, only in slowly fading communication channels that are in deep-fade states; further, in such propagation environments, the achievable rates are negligible. At higher operating powers, theoretical upper bounds on the achievable rates of interference channels motivate the admission of concurrent transmissions to be supported by successive decoding techniques. Practical admission control criteria based on quality of service requirements specified by requested minimum rates and maximum tolerable outage probability levels are proposed and the resulting successive decoding protocols are shown to yield several-fold improvements in throughput over a range of interfering transmission powers.