gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of COX-2 Inhibitors in the Clinical Management of Arthritis: Mini Review (2011)

In the clinical management of arthritis, the choice of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) remains confusing and controversial. A common practice on the choice of NSAID in clinical management of arthritis is the risk benefit ratio. The main objective of this review is to addresses the main arguments for the pharmacological and clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors in relation to nonselective NSAIDs for the clinical management of arthritis. This review concluded that, both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors are equally effective and are associated with increased risk of GI, renal, and CV, adverse effects. Complete understanding of the patient's comorbid conditions and concomitant medications, coupled with precise monitoring during the treatment, may help to decrease the threat of adverse effects induced by nonselective NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors.
How to Write Good Books (2006)

We introduce two novel techniques enabling media-efficient recording allowing for more pages per book and decreasing the disk space needed by each book. We present explanations and experimental results including our latest density results
Auto-Anti-Idiotypy, Autoimmunity and Some Thoughts on the Structure of Internal Images (1989)

Application of principles proposed by N.K. Jerne has led to the development of an auto-anti-idiotypic protocol for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies specific for receptors for acetylcholine, adenosine (A1), TSH, glucocorticoids and aldosterone. The properties of these antibodies are described with reference to their behavior as internal images of auto-antibodies found in patients with autoimmune disease or of ligands of the various receptors. The molecular basis of "internal imagery" is discussed in the context of specific antibodies and, in particular, with respect to the hemoglobin-myoglobin family of proteins. We venture the conclusion that immunoglobulins that mimic other biologically active polypeptides need not share primary sequence homologies.
Lipase Catalysis. A Direct Route to Linear Aliphatic Copolyesters of Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric Acid with Pendant Carboxylic Acid Groups (2005)

Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antartica (CAL-B, Novozyme 435) catalyzed terpolymerizations of bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid, BHB (AB2) and 1,8-octanediol (B2) with adipic acid (A2). The copolymerizations of these AB2, B2, and A2 monomers were conducted in bulk, at 80 °C, without activation of the acid groups. Carbon (13C) NMR studies using a series of model BHB derivatives showed that CAL-B was strictly selective for esterification of BHB hydroxyl groups while leaving the carboxylic acid unchanged. Thus, all polymerizations were conducted as if BHB were a B2 monomer and then formulating a 1 to 1 ratio of carboxylic acid to hydroxyl groups in the monomer feed. By varying the monomer feed ratio, copolyesters with 9−45 mol % BHB−adipate units were formed with Mw values between 21 900 and 2300 g/mol. By this direct polymerization without protection−deprotection chemistry, a series of linear aliphatic copolyesters with controlled quantities of pendant free acid groups was prepared. Thermal and crystalline properties of the copolyesters were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Increasing the BHB content in the copolyesters resulted in melting temperature depressions that were well described by Baur's equation for random copolymers where BHB−adipate units are excluded from the crystal phase of the crystallizable 1,8-octanediol−adipate units.
A reduced protein diet induces stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein expression in pig muscle but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relationship with intramuscular lipid formation (2006)

A reduced protein diet (RPD) is known to increase the level of intramuscular lipid in pig meat with a smaller effect on the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This might be due to tissue-specific activation of the expression of lipogenic enzymes by the RPD. The present study investigated the effect of a RPD, containing palm kernel oil, soyabean oil or palm oil on the activity and expression of one of the major lipogenic enzymes, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and on the level of total lipids and the fatty acid composition of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs. The RPD significantly increased SCD protein expression and activity in muscle but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The level of MUFA and total fatty acids in muscle was also elevated when the RPD was fed, with only small changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. A positive significant correlation between SCD protein expression and total fatty acids in muscle was found. The results suggest that an increase in intramuscular but not subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acids under the influence of a RPD is related to tissue-specific activation of SCD expression. It is suggested that the SCD isoform spectra in pig subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle might be different.
PTH 1-84: bone rebuilding as a target for the therapy of severe osteoporosis. (2012)

Osteoporotic fractures, especially in elderly people, represent a health concern as they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality together with an increased economic burden for the society. During the past 20 years a great effort has been done in order to reduce the risk of fracture and many drugs are now available for this purpose, but osteoporosis is still regarded as an inevitable consequences of the aging process. Osteoporotic fractures occur most frequently in the spine and hip and with lower frequency in the wrist, pelvis, and upper arm. They are associated with significant morbidity and those of the hip and spine are also associated with excess mortality. The correct diagnosis and the adequate treatment of osteoporosis can reduce fracture risk. Together with well known anti-resorptive agents (like bisphosphonates, oestrogen and selective oestrogen receptor modulators) in the past few years anabolic therapy with parathyroid hormone (PTH) has become available for the treatment of severe osteoporosis. Human recombinant intact parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84) and human recombinant PTH peptide 1-34 (Teriparatide) belong to this group of agents.This paper will review PTH actions together with the anabolic effect of PTH 1-84 both in reducing fracture risk and in promoting fracture healing. Although in primary hyperparathyroidism bone catabolism prevails on bone anabolism, PTH remains a potent stimulator of osteoblasts and its anabolic properties can be seen when it is given at a low dosage and intermittently. Intermittent PTH can stimulate bone formation to a greater extent and earlier than bone resorption, thus creating the so called "anabolic window".The TOP study demonstrated that PTH 1-84 is able to reduce the risk of a new fracture in patients with prevalent vertebral fractures, but the same effect was also seen on the incidence of the first fracture in women without fractures at baseline. Moreover PTH produced a continuous increase of bone mineral density, particularly in the cancellous bone. A positive effect of PTH has been described also on fracture healing, consisting both by a shortened time for fracture repair and by an improving of all the parameters of callus formation and development. Although most of the evidence has been obtained in animals some recent studies in humans confirmed, at least in part, these findings. In elderly patients with osteoporosis and fractures PTH treatment may reduce the healing time, improve clinical outcomes and reduce the time of immobilization together with the risk of complications.
Parameter estimation of optical fringes with quadratic phase using the fractional Fourier transform (2015)

Optical fringes with a quadratic phase are often encountered in optical metrology. Parameter estimation of such fringes plays an important role in interferometric measurements. A novel method is proposed for accurate and direct parameter estimation using the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT), even in the presence of noise and obstacles. We take Newton׳s rings fringe patterns and electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) interferograms as classic examples of optical fringes that have a quadratic phase and present simulation and experimental results demonstrating the performance of the proposed method.
Introduction (2009)

The big troopship Edmund B. Alexander arrived in Newfoundland waters on January 25, 1941 where it waited for weather conditions to improve before entering St. John's harbor. It squeezed through the narrows four days later, with only fifteen feet to spare on either side and dropped anchor opposite its pier on the Southside. The city was be-flagged in welcome, whistles blasted from other vessels, and crowds gathered along the harbor front and on the surrounding hills to watch this historic moment. The 21,329-ton vessel, said to be the largest ship to ever enter the port, carried one thousand U.S. soldiers. Colonel Welty, the officer in command of the arriving troops, expressed his happiness to serve in Newfoundland: "We consider it a signal honour to be the first American troops to garrison one of the newly acquired bases granted to the United States by his Majesty's Government."1 For the next four months, the vessel would become a familiar sight in St. John's as it acted as a floating barracks during the initial phase of base construction.2
Bioactive Pseudopeptidic Analogues and Cyclostereoisomers of Osteogenic Growth Peptide C-Terminal Pentapeptide, OGP(10−14) (2002)

The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a key factor in the mechanism of the systemic osteogenic response to local bone marrow injury. When administered in vivo, OGP stimulates osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. The C-terminal pentapeptide OGP(10-14) is the minimal amino acid sequence that retains the full OGP-like activity. Apparently, it is also the physiologic active form of OGP. Residues Tyr(10), Phe(12), Gly(13), and Gly(14) of OGP are essential for the OGP(10-14) activity. The present study explored the functional role of the peptide bonds, carboxyl and amino terminal groups, and conformational freedom in OGP(10-14). Transformations replacing the peptide bonds with surrogates such as Psi(CH(2)NH), Psi(CONMe), and Psi(CH(2)CH(2)) demonstrated that amide bonds do not contribute significantly to OGP(10-14) bioactivity. End-to-end cyclization yielded the fully bioactive cyclic pentapeptide c(Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly). The retroinverso analogue c(Gly-Gly-phe-Gly-tyr), a cyclostereoisomer of c(Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly), is at least as potent as the parent cyclic pentapeptide. The unique structure-activity relations revealed in this study suggest that the spatial presentation of the Tyr and Phe side chains has a major role in the productive interaction of OGP(10-14) and its truncated and conformationally constrained analogues with their cognate cellular target.
Drop-on-demand inkjet printhead performance improvement using robust feedforward control (2011)

The printing quality delivered by a Drop-on-Demand (DoD) inkjet printhead is mainly limited due to the residual oscillations in the ink channel. The maximal jetting frequency of a DoD inkjet printhead can be increased by quickly damping the residual oscillations and by bringing in this way the ink-channel to rest after jetting the ink drop. The inkjet channel model obtained is generally subjected to parametric uncertainty. This paper proposes a robust optimization-based method to design the input actuation waveform for the piezo actuator in order to improve the damping of the residual oscillations in the presence of parametric uncertainties in the ink-channel model. Simulation results are presented to show the efficacy of the proposed method.
Chemical Physics of Discharges (1969)

This introductory paper to the advances reviews some of the basic physical processes operating to provide the chemical environment found in low pressure gas discharges. Electron collisions with neutrals are first treated as a basis for understanding the appearance of high electron temperatures, and then ambipolar diffusion is discussed as a plasma loss mechanism. Gas-phase electron production and loss mechanisms are then enumerated and the balance of electrons, positive ions and negative ions in a discharge is considered. Electron-impact excitation processes are enumerated and compared, and the consideration of wall effects concludes the discussion of microscopic processes. The role of plasma polarization as a macroscopic process is discussed and the paper ends with a comparison of active discharges and discharge afterglows.
Inertial navigation aided with GPS information (2002)

This paper presents a dynamic alignment algorithm for a six-degree of freedom inertial unit. A differential GPS is used as external sensor. It provides decorrelated range position and Doppler velocity information. A simplified error model valid for a local area is also presented. An indirect Kalman filter approach is used to fuse high frequency inertial information with low frequency GPS data. Experimental results are presented showing that the filter is able to predict high frequency manoeuvres as well as detect multipath errors in the GPS information.
中国——未来的“世界印刷工厂” (2006)

中国印刷业的超速发展 按照一般的发展规律，印刷业总是跟随总体经济同步发展。然而，在连年来经济增速保持在10％左右的中国却出现了特例，在这里，印刷业的发展速度明显超出了综合经济的发展速度。中国印剧业销售总额比去年增长了15％，中国已然成为全球印刷业发展最快的国家。
Biological therapy of psoriasis (2010)

The treatment of psoriasis has undergone a revolution with the advent of biologic therapies, including infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, efalizumab, and alefacept. These medications are designed to target specific components of the immune system and are a major technological advancement over traditional immunosuppressive medications. These usually being well tolerated are being found useful in a growing number of immune-mediated diseases, psoriasis being just one example. The newest biologic, ustekinumab, is directed against the p40 subunit of the IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines. It has provided a new avenue of therapy for an array of T-cell-mediated diseases. Biologics are generally safe; however, there has been concern over the risk of lymphoma with use of these agents. All anti-TNF-alpha agents have been associated with a variety of serious and "routine" opportunistic infections.
Pediatric Aerosol Therapy Guidelines (1984)

Delivery of medication in aerosol form to the pediatric population is an important therapeutic module. Aerosol therapy allows rapid medication effects, reduces systemic side effects, and provides uniform results in comparable clinical presentations if preparation techniques and dosages are appropriate. The effectiveness of aerosol therapy is dependent upon several key factors, and techniques developed to emphasize these factors will maximize aerosol delivery into the tracheobronchial tree. Indications for medical aerosol therapy are specific for children, and individualized treatment can be structured for a wide variety of pulmonary disorders. Proper and successful administration of aerosol therapy to the infant or child requires a comprehensive amount of skill and knowledge on the part of the respiratory therapy practitioner. Guidelines discussed in this paper will assist the respiratory care practitioner in achieving optimal results in treating airway disease in the pediatric patient.
Large‐scale identification of essential <i>Salmonella</i> genes by trapping lethal insertions (2004)

A novel screening approach based on insertion-duplication mutagenesis (IDM) was established to efficiently screen for essential genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under laboratory conditions. Small, randomly generated genomic fragments were cloned into a conditionally replicating vector, and the resulting library of single Salmonella clones was grown under permissive conditions. Upon switching to non-permissive temperature, discrimination between lethal and non-lethal insertions following homologous recombination allowed the trapping of genes with essential functions. Further characterization of a total of 498 fragments resulting in such lethal knockout revealed 145 known essential genes and 112 functionally characterized or hypothetical genes not yet shown to encode essential genes, among them three Salmonella-specific genes. The essentiality was demonstrated for a prioritised set of 15 putative indispensable genes by creating conditional lethal phenotypes. The results of this large-scale screening indicate that in rich media, the class of Salmonella genes indispensable for growth is composed of approximately 490 genes.
9—THE RATE OF CHANGE IN THE PROPERTIES OF COTTON CELLULOSE UNDER THE PROLONGED ACTION OF ACIDS (1943)

(1943). 9—THE RATE OF CHANGE IN THE PROPERTIES OF COTTON CELLULOSE UNDER THE PROLONGED ACTION OF ACIDS. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions: Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. T87-T96.
New collector undercut technique using a SiN sidewall for low base contact resistance in InP/InGaAs SHBTs (2002)

A new collector undercut process using SiN protection sidewall has been developed for high speed InP/InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The HBTs fabricated using the technique have a larger base contact area, resulting in a smaller DC current gain and smaller base contact resistance than HBTs fabricated using a conventional undercut process while maintaining low C/sub bc/. Due to the reduced base contact resistance, the maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub max/) has been enhanced from 162 GHz to 208 GHz. This result clearly shows the effectiveness of this technique for high-speed HBT process, especially for the HBTs with a thick collector layer, and narrow base metal width.
Synthesen von Carotinoidfarbstoffen III. Totalsynthese des Lycopins (1950)

Abstract In ähnlicher Weise wie β‐Carotin liess sich auch Lycopin totalsynthetisch herstellen. Als Ausgangsmaterialien dienten 4,8,12‐Trimechyl‐tridecatrien‐(5,7,11)‐in‐(1)‐ol‐(4) und Octen‐(4)‐dion‐(2,7).
Neutrophils promote experimental choroidal neovascularization. (2005)

Neutrophil invasion was part of early inflammatory responses during laser induced CNV. Neutrophil depletion correlated with reduced CNV responses and decreased VEGF protein expression. These data suggest that neutrophils promoted the early development of CNV possibly via secretion of angiogenic growth factors.
The Calculation of the Susceptibility-Induced Magnetic Field from 3D NMR Images with Applications to Trabecular Bone (1995)

A method is described for computing the induced magnetic field caused by the susceptibility difference of two materials. Arbitrary surfaces derived from 3D NMR images were modeled with triangular elements of constant magnetic surface-charge density. The boundary elements were generated by means of a surface triangulation method that is typically used for displaying 3D images. The induced field was computed from the charged triangles using a hierarchical multipole algorithm. Validation of the technique on a spherical object showed excellent agreement with the analytical solution. The method was applied to computing histograms of the induced fields in specimens of trabecular bone. A 76 × 76 × 76 3D array of image voxels resulted in 322,169 triangles and required ∼70 minutes on a Sun Sparc 10 workstation to compute the field at 100,000 locations. The width of the induced field distributions was found to be narrowest when the polarizing field was parallel to the principal orientation of the trabeculae, confirming previous experimental findings. The method is applicable to other structures in which susceptibility-induced fields are of interest, such as capillary networks or blood cells.
FERMENTATION OF MINOR WORT CARBOHYDRATES BY BREWING YEASTS (1971)

Typical worts prepared from all-malt grists and from those using a proportion of adjuncts contain maltulose, maltotriulose, isomaltose, panose and isopanose at concentrations between 0·01 and 0·12%, and maltotetraose between 0·2 and 0·7%. Maltulose and maltotriulose are fermented by all brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae so far examined, soon after utilization of maltose and maltotriose respectively begins. Fast-fermenting strains absorb small amounts of panoses and certain of them remove some maltotetraose whereas slow fermenting strains fail to utilize these three sugars. The fast-fermenting strains utilize more isomaltose than do slow fermenting yeasts. Of the total (2–4 g/litre) minor sugars of wort, fast fermenting strains remove about 90% whilst slow fermenting strains absorb 70–80%.
A high quality high temperature compatible Tantalum oxide film for advanced dRAM applications (1987)

A reactive sputtering technique was used for the preparation of Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> films on Si substrates. The film was found either comparable or superior to the best results reported in the literature [1-5] in breakdown field strength, dielectric constant and/or leakage current. Thermal oxidation of the Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> film resulted in the growth of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> under Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> . The electrical characteristics of the oxidized film were close to pure SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with an advantage of 20% higher storage charge density. From underlying silicon oxidation kinetics, an activation energy of 0.9 eV was found for the oxygen diffusion in Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> . The Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> film has shown potential for applications in advanced dRAMs.
Protest Activity Detection and Perceived Violence Estimation from Social Media Images (2017)

We develop a novel visual model which can recognize protesters, describe their activities by visual attributes and estimate the level of perceived violence in an image. Studies of social media and protests use natural language processing to track how individuals use hashtags and links, often with a focus on those items' diffusion. These approaches, however, may not be effective in fully characterizing actual real-world protests (e.g., violent or peaceful) or estimating the demographics of participants (e.g., age, gender, and race) and their emotions. Our system characterizes protests along these dimensions. We have collected geotagged tweets and their images from 2013-2017 and analyzed multiple major protest events in that period. A multi-task convolutional neural network is employed in order to automatically classify the presence of protesters in an image and predict its visual attributes, perceived violence and exhibited emotions. We also release the UCLA Protest Image Dataset, our novel dataset of 40,764 images (11,659 protest images and hard negatives) with various annotations of visual attributes and sentiments. Using this dataset, we train our model and demonstrate its effectiveness. We also present experimental results from various analysis on geotagged image data in several prevalent protest events. Our dataset will be made accessible at https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/jjoo/mm-protest/.