gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability (2020)

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade and their power conversion efficiency has been rapidly increasing to 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized solar cells. Currently, the long‐term stability of PSCs remains as a major bottleneck impeding their future commercial applications. Beyond strengthening the perovskite layer itself and developing robust external device encapsulation/packaging technology, integration of effective barriers into PSCs has been recognized to be of equal importance to improve the whole device’s long‐term stability. These barriers can not only shield the critical perovskite layer and other functional layers from external detrimental factors such as heat, light, and H 2 O/O 2 , but also prevent the undesired ion/molecular diffusion/volatilization from perovskite. In addition, some delicate barrier designs can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability. In this review article, the research progress on barrier designs in PSCs for improving their long‐term stability is reviewed in terms of the barrier functions, locations in PSCs, and material characteristics. Regarding specific barriers, their preparation methods, chemical/photoelectronic/mechanical properties, and their role in device stability, are further discussed. On the basis of these accumulative efforts, predictions for the further development of effective barriers in PSCs are provided at the end of this review.
Multisensor raster and vector data fusion based on uncertainty modeling (2005)

We propose a new methodology for fusing temporally changing multisensor raster and vector data by developing a spatially and temporally varying uncertainty model of acquired and transformed multisensor measurements. The proposed uncertainty model includes errors due to (1) each sensor by itself, e.g., sensor noise; (2) transformations of measured values to obtain comparable physical entities for data fusion and/or to calibrate sensor measurements; (3) vector data spatial interpolation that is needed to match different spatial resolutions of multisensor data; and (4) temporal interpolation that has to take place if multisensor acquisitions are not accurately synchronized. The proposed methodology was tested using simulated data with varying (a) amount of sensor noise, (b) spatial offset of point sensors generating vector data, and (c) model complexity of the underlying physical phenomenon. We demonstrated the multisensor fusion approach with a data set from a structural health monitoring application domain.
Compressive Sensing based on local regional data in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

In order to save energy of sensors in the process of gathering data and transmitting information, Compressive Sensing (CS), as a novel and effective signal transform technology, has been used gradually in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In traditional usages of CS techniques in the previous literatures, the sparsities of the signals has to be known beforehand, which is much more importance for their recover results. However, it is difficult to realize precisely the structures of the signals actually in WSNs. Therefore, it is important to further exploit reasonable practicality availability in actual applications. In order to reduce energy of gathering and transmitting of sensors, this paper presents a model of optimized CS based on local regional data and design two corresponding algorithms, which could reconstruct the signals accurately and stably even if their sparsities could not be known in advance. Most important, our algorithms just need once extra transmission by sensors In the paper, we present two reasonable assumptions and then propose spatial-temporal correlation model for optimizing measure matrix of CS. Furthermore, two algorithms are designed in two kinds of situations that data satisfy random distribution or Gauss distribution, which is common in actual applications. According to experiments in the cases of both real data based on actual environments and two kinds of signals above based on simulation environments, our algorithm has been proved to be valuable for actual applications. Especially, when the amount of the sampling is only 15 with the dimension of the data is 256 and the sparsity is unknown, the relative error rate could be less than 6% in actual environments and 3.5% in simulation environments.
Performance Evaluation of the Electroactive Material, γ-LiV[sub 2]O[sub 5], Made by a Carbothermal Reduction Method (2003)

The electroactive phase, has been prepared by a preparative approach based on a modified carbothermal reduction (CTR) reaction. The CTR approach uses a particulate carbon as a selective and controlled reducing agent while also allowing simultaneous lithium ion incorporation. A preparative reaction window of 550 to 700°C is found to be suitable for the quantitative formation of single-phase At lower reaction temperatures a mixture of reaction products is formed, while at carbo-thermal reduction temperatures in excess of 700°C the formation of and is favored. Electrochemical evaluation of the optimized demonstrates that the active material is capable of a reversible specific capacity of 130 mAh/g, a performance equivalent to cycling of in High-resolution electrochemical testing indicates that the lithium insertion process is characterized by two highly reversible reactions. The stability of these insertion reactions is established by lifetime cycling of the in both metallic lithium and lithium-ion cells. Preliminary evaluation in the lithium ion configuration indicates a high first-cycle charge efficiency and long-term cycling characterized by relatively low capacity fade. The demonstrated performance compares favorably with that reported elsewhere for the alternate lithium-ion system. In summary, we believe the CTR method offers an energy efficient, economical, and scalable process for producing the promising electroactive compound © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Rapid Conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a Spherical Cell Morphotype Facilitates Tolerance to Carbapenems and Penicillins but Increases Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Peptides (2014)

The Gram-negative human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa tolerates high concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics. Despite inhibiting the growth of the organism, these cell wall-targeting drugs exhibit remarkably little bactericidal activity. However, the mechanisms underlying β-lactam tolerance are currently unclear. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa undergoes a rapid en masse transition from normal rod-shaped cells to viable cell wall-defective spherical cells when treated with β-lactams from the widely used carbapenem and penicillin classes. When the antibiotic is removed, the entire population of spherical cells quickly converts back to the normal bacillary form. Our results demonstrate that these rapid population-wide cell morphotype transitions function as a strategy to survive antibiotic exposure. Taking advantage of these findings, we have developed a novel approach to efficiently kill P. aeruginosa by using carbapenem treatment to induce en masse transition to the spherical cell morphotype and then exploiting the relative fragility and sensitivity of these cells to killing by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are relatively inactive against P. aeruginosa bacillary cells. This approach could broaden the repertoire of antimicrobial compounds used to treat P. aeruginosa and serve as a basis for developing new therapeutic agents to combat bacterial infections.
Monolithic high-voltage FET power amplifiers (2003)

High-voltage field-effect transistor (HVFET) power amplifiers offer improved system efficiency through reduced DC power distribution loss and more efficient DC power conditioning. Results are presented for the first such monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers and four-cell amplifiers at X-band. Drain bias voltages up to 40 V have been achieved with such amplifiers. It is expected that this technique will lead to improved DC-to-RF conversion efficiency in satellite transponders by allowing an electronic power conditioner to be eliminated or replaced by a simple voltage regulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on vaccination against bacillary dysentery. 3. Effective oral immunization against Shigella flexneri 2a in a field trial. (1965)

In May 1963 a live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent Shigella flexneri 2a was administered to 355 soldiers stationed in an area of Yugoslavia in which bacillary dysentery was hyperendemic. Five oral doses were given every third day. 382 unvaccinated soldiers from the same unit served as controls. Both groups were closely followed up until 16 September.Examination of 1637 rectal swabs from the vaccinated and control groups indicated that vaccination did not affect the carrier rate. The morbidity from shigellae of serotypes not contained in the vaccine was the same in the two groups; but Sh. flexneri 2a caused dysentery in 5.5% of the control group but in none of the vaccinated soldiers-a statistically significant difference.A similar vaccine, given in a much lower dose, was also tried among soldiers of another unit; the dose was insufficient to confer protection.The authors conclude that the results of these field trials justify further studies with live Shigella vaccine.
Interventional approaches for resistant hypertension (2012)

Interventional therapies may be an increasingly important adjunct therapy for patients with resistant hypertension that fails to be controlled with pharmacotherapy alone. Two exciting interventions that are under investigation and are likely effective are electrical stimulation of carotid baroreceptors and catheter denervation of renal sympathetic nerves.
Sampling the Arabidopsis Transcriptome with Massively Parallel Pyrosequencing (2007)

Massively parallel sequencing of DNA by pyrosequencing technology offers much higher throughput and lower cost than conventional Sanger sequencing. Although extensively used already for sequencing of genomes, relatively few applications of massively parallel pyrosequencing to transcriptome analysis have been reported. To test the ability of this technology to provide unbiased representation of transcripts, we analyzed mRNA from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. Two sequencing runs yielded 541,852 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) after quality control. Mapping of the ESTs to the Arabidopsis genome and to The Arabidopsis Information Resource 7.0 cDNA models indicated: (1) massively parallel pyrosequencing detected transcription of 17,449 gene loci providing very deep coverage of the transcriptome. Performing a second sequencing run only increased the number of genes identified by 10%, but increased the overall sequence coverage by 50%. (2) Mapping of the ESTs to their predicted full-length transcripts indicated that all regions of the transcript were well represented regardless of transcript length or expression level. Furthermore, short, medium, and long transcripts were equally represented. (3) Over 16,000 of the ESTs that mapped to the genome were not represented in the existing dbEST database. In some cases, the ESTs provide the first experimental evidence for transcripts derived from predicted genes, and, for at least 60 locations in the genome, pyrosequencing identified likely protein-coding sequences that are not now annotated as genes. Together, the results indicate massively parallel pyrosequencing provides novel information helpful to improve the annotation of the Arabidopsis genome. Furthermore, the unbiased representation of transcripts will be particularly useful for gene discovery and gene expression analysis of nonmodel plants with less complete genomic information. EST sequence accession numbers in GenBank are EH 795234 through EH 995233 and EL 000001 through EL 341852.
Cortisone arrests growth but enhances the inductive effect of porcine growth hormone on plasma IGF-I concentrations in female rats (1991)

The present study was conducted to determine whether corticosteroids influence the inductive effect of growth hormone (GH) on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of corticosterone alone on basal concentrations of IGF-I. Rats were treated daily for 4 d with 0, 50, 100, 250, or 500 mg of corticosterone/kg of BW. There was a close positive relationship between the dose of steroid injected and plasma concentrations of corticosterone and a close negative relationship between plasma corticosterone and growth. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I showed a positive relationship to dose and plasma concentrations of corticosterone and a negative relationship to growth rate. In the second experiment, rats were treated daily for 21 d with either porcine growth hormone (10 mg of pGH/kg of BW), pGH plus corticosteroid, or vehicle. The dose of steroid administered was increased every 3 d until the mean weight gain of the group was zero. Animals treated with pGH alone gained significantly more weight than controls. This growth response was not impaired significantly by corticosterone acetate at doses up to 500 mg/kg of BW. The more potent corticosteroid, cortisone, arrested the growth of pGH-treated rats at a dose of 80 mg/kg of BW, however. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I were increased by pGH treatment (57%) and increased further by concurrent cortisone treatment (212%). In summary, corticosteroids increase plasma concentrations of IGF-I and enhance the inductive effect of pGH on this hormone despite their catabolic actions.
The Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane by the Use of a Porous-glass Reactor (1982)

Abstract The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane was studied by the use of a double tubular reactor; the inner tube was made of porous glass, and the outer tube, of non-porous glass. The Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was placed inside the inner tube. It was demonstrated that dehydrogenation proceeded beyond the equilibrium conversion to be expected in the absence of a porous tube, by separating the hydrogen produced from the central reaction zone through the porous tube. When the reaction rate was so high that the reactant gas reached equilibrium near the inlet of the reactor, the dehydrogenation conversion became greater (more than twice the equilibrium conversion) as the flow rate in the inner path decreased and the flow rate in the outer path increased. The experimental data obtained by using the porous reactor were well reproduced by a computer simulation based on a simple model, in which such parameters as the flow rate, the gas permeability, and the reaction rate, were considered. The potential application of the present porous-reactor system was also discussed.
New Fluorescent Substrates of Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Application to Peptide Tag-Directed Covalent Protein Labeling (2011)

Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational covalent cross-linking of Gln- and Lys-containing peptides and/or proteins according to its substrate specificity. We have recently designed a variety of Gln-donor fluorescent substrates of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from Streptomyces mobaraensis and evaluated their potential use in MTG-mediated covalent protein labeling. The newly designed substrates are based on the relatively broad substrate recognition of MTG for the substitution of the N-terminal group of a conventional TGase substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminylglycine (Z-QG). It is revealed that MTG is capable of accepting a diverse range of fluorophores in place of the N-terminal moiety of Z-QG when linked via a suitable linker. Here, we show the potential utility of a new fluorescent substrate for peptide tag-directed covalent protein labeling by employing fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate-β-Ala-QG as a model Gln-donor substrate for MTG.
Water and waste water filtration. Concepts and applications (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater and waste water filtration. Concepts and applicationsKuan-Mu Yao, Mohammad T. Habibian, and Charles R. O'MeliaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1971, 5, 11, 1105–1112Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60058a005https://doi.org/10.1021/es60058a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8630Altmetric-Citations1348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Knowledge-Based Approach for Detecting Unattended Packages in Surveillance Video (2006)

This paper describes a novel approach for detecting unattended packages in surveillance video. Unlike the traditional approach to just detecting stationary objects in monitored scenes, our approach detects unattended packages based on accumulated knowledge about human and non-human objects from continuous object tracking and classification. We design different reasoning rules for detecting different scenarios of the unattended package events. In the case where a package is left unattended by a single person explicitly, a rule using human activity recognition is introduced to decide the package ownership. In the case where a suspicious package is dropped down by a group of humans or under heavy occlusions, a rule based on historic tracking and classification information is proposed. Furthermore, an additional rule is given to reduce false alarms that may happen with traditional stationary object detection methods.
The biological activity and immunotherapeutic properties of AS-101, a synthetic organotellurium compound. (1988)

AS-101 (ammonium trichloro[dioxoethylene-O,O'-]tellurate) is a newly developed synthetic compound with immunomodulating properties and minimal toxicity. We evaluated the effects of AS-101 on various parameters of the activation and function of immunocompetent cells. AS-101 induced IL-2 receptor expression, IL-2 production and proliferation by human and mouse lymphocytes in vitro and enhanced the production colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by mouse spleen cells. In vivo treatment of Balb/c mice with AS-101 caused a significantly increased production of IL-2 and CSF in vitro in the presence of mitogen. When administered systemically to mice, AS-101 mediated antitumor effects in vivo. These results suggest that AS-101 is an active biological response modifier, which might have potential use in the treatment of conditions such as malignancy, AIDS and some types of immune deficiency.
Role of N-Linked Glycosylation for Sindbis Virus Infection and Replication in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Systems (2009)

Each Sindbis virus (SINV) surface glycoprotein has two sites for N-linked glycosylation (E1 positions 139 and 245 [E1-139 and E1-245] and E2 positions 196 and 318 [E2-196 and E2-318]). Studies of SINV strain TE12 mutants with each site eliminated identified the locations of carbohydrates by cryo-electron microscopy (S. V. Pletnev et al., Cell 105:127-136, 2001). In the current study, the effects of altered glycosylation on virion infectivity, growth in cells of vertebrates and invertebrates, heparin binding, virulence in mice, and replication in mosquitoes were assessed. Particle-to-PFU ratios for E1-139 and E2-196 mutant strains were similar to that for TE12, but this ratio for the E1-245 mutant was 100-fold lower than that for TE12. Elimination of either E2 glycosylation site increased virus binding to heparin and increased replication in BHK cells. Elimination of either E1 glycosylation site had no effect on heparin binding but resulted in an approximately 10-fold decrease in virus yield from BHK cells compared to the TE12 amount. No differences in pE2 processing were detected. E2-196 and E2-318 mutants were more virulent in mice after intracerebral inoculation, while E1-139 and E1-245 mutants were less virulent. The E1-245 mutant showed impaired replication in C7/10 mosquito cells and in Culex quinquefasciatus after intrathoracic inoculation. We conclude that the increased replication and virulence of E2-196 and E2-318 mutants are primarily due to increased efficiency of binding to heparan sulfate on mammalian cells. Lack of glycosylation at E1-139 or E1-245 impairs replication in vertebrate cells, while E1-245 also severely affects replication in invertebrate cells.
Automated Algorithm for Standardized Quantification on Liver Fibrosis using Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2008)

Determining the extent of liver fibrosis has clinically been difficult due to the lack of a simple, objective method that can accurately quantify the amount of collagen in the diseased tissue. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been shown to produce bright and robust signals from non-centrosymmetric fibrillar collagen. We designed a SHG system that can objectively measure collagen presence in livers. In addition, we have developed a fully automated algorithm to quantify liver fibrosis in an efficient, standardized and reproducible manner. SHG microscopy was performed on livers harvested from bile duct ligated Wistar rats using a confocal microscope with a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser. Images acquired were later analyzed with Otsu method and a custom-developed, fully automated algorithm to measure area of fibers. Both the qualitative and quantitative progression of collagen over time was observed using SHG microscopy. We have compared the modified quantification algorithm with Otsu segmentation algorithm. With the modified algorithm, we have maintained greater amount of collagen after segmentation. We have also shown modified algorithm was able to identify the presence of finer collagen which was completely removed with the normal Otsu method. We have built an imaging system using state-of-the-art SHG microscopy. In addition, a fully-automated algorithm was developed to quantify collagen content in tissue to measure the presence of collagen in high accuracy. By combining SHG microscopy and our quantification algorithm, we can provide sensitive measurement for liver fibrosis which accurately reflects the progression of liver fibrosis, especially in early stages.
Metal Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents (2012)

The treatment of infectious diseases still remains an important and challenging problem because of a combination of factors including emerging infectious diseases and the increasing number of multi-drug resistant microbial pathogens. In spite of a large number of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics available for medical use, at the same time the emergence of old and new antibiotic resistance created in the last decades revealed a substantial medical need for new classes of antimicrobial agents. There is a real perceived need for the discovery of new compounds endowed with antimicrobial activity, possibly acting through mechanism of action, which is distinct from those of well-known classes of antimicrobial agents to which many clinically relevant pathogens are now resistant.