gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing Just-In-Time Production Units: The<i>N</i>U-Line Balancing Problem (1998)

U-shaped production lines are a common component of Just-In-Time systems. When several U-lines operate in close proximity, an opportunity exists to balance two or more U-lines together and reduce the total number of stations required to operate the facility. The concept of a JIT production unit, where a number of U-lines produce and assemble parts for the same product line, is introduced. The problem of balancing a JIT Production Unit is considered as the N U-line balancing problem considering travel. This problem is modelled and heuristic solution algorithms are presented for both the general case, where U-line locations are not fixed, and for the fixed location case. A subproblem, the problem of assigning tasks to stations which may include tasks from more than one U-line, provides new challenges for operations managers. This new problem is the multi-line station assignment problem. The benefits of multiple U-line balancing are examined in an empirical study.
REVIEWS GREGW. W., Ronald Brunless McKerrow, 1872–1940. From the Proceedings of the British Academy, volume XXVI. London: Humphrey Milford. (1942)

REVIEWS Get access W. W. GREG, Ronald Brunless McKerrow, 1872–1940. From the Proceedings of the British Academy, volume XXVI. London: Humphrey Milford. F. C. FRANCIS F. C. FRANCIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s4-XXII, Issue 4, March 1942, Pages 257–258, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s4-XXII.4.257 Published: 01 March 1942
Introduction (1992)

This book is about the current changes in the organization of work and industrial relations in a selection of case studies based in the North of England. According to Jenkins and Sherman (1979), at the end of the 1970s the advanced capitalist economies stood on the threshold of 'a new industrial revolution, based on developments in microelectronics'. It was judgements of this kind, together with intense media coverage on the implications of the 'silicon chip', which prompted governments, industrialists and trade unions to wake up to the significance of microprocessor-based technology. In the United Kingdom, the government commissioned reports on the state of the British electronics industry, the degree of awareness about the new technology amongst British managers, and the implications of the changes for British manufacturing (Sleigh, et al, 1979). The British trade union movement, already alarmed by rising levels of unemployment, issued documents, passed conference resolutions, organized education courses, and developed policies on technological change (TUC, 1979).
Oritavancin: a new promising agent in the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive pathogens (2008)

Nosocomial and community-acquired infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens continue to be a challenge, mainly due to the increasing rates of resistance among Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. Oritavancin, a new parenteral semisynthetic glycopeptide, possessing rapid bactericidal action and an antimicrobial spectrum containing all Gram-positive pathogens (streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci--vancomycin-resistant enterococci included--and Clostridia spp.) irrespective of their resistance status to the precursor molecule of vancomycin, is expected to file a new drug application by the first trimester of 2008. Once-daily dosing, good penetration into macrophages, in vitro activity against bacteria embedded in biofilms and low adverse reaction potential are further considered as oritavancin's advantages over existing drugs. While waiting for the results of supplementary Phase III studies to be announced, preliminary reports suggest the new drug will be a welcome addition to the existing antimicrobial armamentarium against Gram-positive cocci.
Aβ1–40-related reduction in functional hyperemia in mouse neocortex during somatosensory activation (2000)

Peptides derived from proteolytic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We report that transgenic mice overexpressing APP and Aβ have a profound attenuation in the increase in neocortical blood flow elicited by somatosensory activation. The impairment is highly correlated with brain Aβ concentration and is reproduced in normal mice by topical neocortical application of exogenous Aβ1–40 but not Aβ1–42. Overexpression of M146L mutant presenilin-1 in APP mice enhances the production of Aβ1–42 severalfold, but it does not produce a commensurate attenuation of the hyperemic response. APP and Aβ overexpression do not diminish the intensity of neural activation, as reflected by the increase in somatosensory cortex glucose usage. Thus, Aβ-induced alterations in functional hyperemia produce a potentially deleterious mismatch between substrate delivery and energy demands imposed by neural activity.
Comparison of high- and low-voltage x-ray mapping of an electronic device (2001)

In recent years, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopes, FEG-SEMs, with high-brightness electron guns and excellent performance at low electron beam energies (E0⩽5 keV) have become readily available. Concurrently the performance of solid-state x-ray detectors such as the Si-Li detector has improved significantly and with the addition of ultra-thin window materials these devices are easily capable of detecting characteristic x-rays with energies as low as 150 eV. In conventional x-ray mapping the energy of the electron beam is usually 15 keV–25 keV and the maps are acquired with the K, L, and M shell x-ray lines with energies from 1 keV to 15 keV. At these electron beam energies, the lateral resolution of the x-ray maps is on the order of 1 μm–3 μm. Reducing the electron beam energy to 5 keV or below and utilizing the K, L, and M lines with energies from 400 eV to 4 keV should significantly improve the lateral resolution of the x-ray maps. In this study, x-ray maps were acquired for Si-K x-rays at 1.74 keV and O-K x-rays at 0.53 keV on a poly Si gate region of a CMOS device. The maps were acquired at a magnification of 70,000 diameters at beam energies of 15 keV and 5 keV. The 15 keV maps showed little or no variation in intensity corresponding to the device structure. In comparison, the intensity variation in the 5 keV maps correlated well with the Si and SiO2 features in the device. In addition the intensity profiles from the 5 keV maps were used to estimate the effective resolution of the Si and O maps at 16 nm and 130 nm respectively.
Pericardial effusion is correlated with clinical outcome after pulmonary artery denervation for pulmonary arterial hypertension (2016)

PE is associated with increased PAH-related event after PADN. PADN results in significant similar reduction of PE among patients with Group I, Group II and Group IV PAH.
Biocytinase, an Enzyme Concerned with Hydrolytic Cleavage of Biocytin (1954)

The existence in blood of an enzyme in relatively large amount, that accomplishes the hydrolysis of biocytin (∊-N-biotinyl-L-lysine) tentatively termed biocytinase has been pointed out. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 6.0-6.7 and requires for optimum effect the presence of an appropriate sulfhydryl compound.
Optical tomography with the equation of radiative transfer (2008)

Purpose This paper sets out to give an overview about state‐of‐the‐art optical tomographic image reconstruction algorithms that are based on the equation of radiative transfer (ERT). Design/methodology/approach An objective function, which describes the discrepancy between measured and numerically predicted light intensity data on the tissue surface, is iteratively minimized to find the unknown spatial distribution of the optical parameters or sources. At each iteration step, the predicted partial current is calculated by a forward model for light propagation based on the ERT. The equation of radiative is solved with either finite difference or finite volume methods. Findings Tomographic reconstruction algorithms based on the ERT accurately recover the spatial distribution of optical tissue properties and light sources in biological tissue. These tissues either can have small geometries/large absorption coefficients, or can contain void‐like inclusions. Originality/value These image reconstruction methods can be employed in small animal imaging for monitoring blood oxygenation, in imaging of tumor growth, in molecular imaging of fluorescent and bioluminescent probes, in imaging of human finger joints for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, and in functional brain imaging.
Browsing service registries using the Atom Interface: An application in e-Government (2008)

In this paper we present how the atom interface can be used for browsing service registries and how this is applied in the case of an e-government services platform. Although e-government is a vibrant research domain, there is notably little work regarding HCI related issues. Our work shows the kind of problems that citizens face when using existing systems, and how new design approaches, like the atom interface, can facilitate the citizen-public administration interaction.To address domain specific needs we implemented several extentions to the Atom Interface. In addition, we defined mappings between e-Government concepts, i.e. service provider, administrative document etc, and elements of Atom. Our experience so far shows that public administration can provide a very good test-bed for the Atom Interface.
Glomerulosclerosis in mice transgenic for growth hormone. Increased mesangial extracellular matrix is correlated with kidney mRNA levels. (1991)

Mice transgenic for growth hormone (GH) develop progressive glomerulosclerosis. The compositions of kidney extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM mRNA were examined. The glomerulosclerotic areas in GH mice contained types I and IV collagen, laminin, and basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which increased with age. The type IV collagen, laminin B2, and HSPG mRNA levels in GH mice, measured by a solution hybridization RNase protection assay, were increased over normal littermates. These findings suggest that the accumulation of ECM components in the glomeruli of GH mice is regulated at the transcriptional level and that glomerulosclerosis is, in part, due to the excess production of ECM rather than simply a reduction in its turnover. The glomerular lesions in GH mice resemble diabetic nephropathy and may allow further dissection of the molecular basis of certain forms of glomerulosclerosis.
IgM ANTIBODIES IN ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS: I. DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN CONGENITAL CASES AND A METHOD FOR THEIR RAPID DEMONSTRATION (1968)

The present study was undertaken to develop a simple technique for demonstration of IgM-toxoplasma antibodies in acute congenital toxoplasmosis. Such antibodies were demonstrable by each of the four methods used, but their sensitivities varied considerably. The underlying difficulty in interpretation of results obtained in the dye and hemagglutination tests following reductive cleavage appeared to be the high titer of IgG-toxo-plasma antibodies in all sera tested, which "hides" the effect of 2-ME on the IgM-toxoplasma antibodies. Because IgG-toxoplasma antibodies do not interfere with the demonstration of IgM-toxoplasma antibodies in fractions obtained by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation or with the IgM-fluorescent antibody test, these two methods proved the most sensitive for demonstration of IgM-toxoplasma antibodies in congenital cases. Whereas the former of these two methods is a laborious procedure requiring facilities rarely available in clinical laboratories, the IgM-fluorescent antibody test is easily learned and it can be performed in 2 hours. Serologic diagnosis of infection in newborns is often complicated by the presence in the infant of maternal antibodies. The difficulty in interpretation of serologic results in cases of suspect congenital toxoplasmosis is magnified by the high prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in the normal childbearing population (and thus in their offspring). Demonstration of IgM antibodies in newborn infants (in the absence of a placental leak) appears to be diagnostic of congenital toxoplasmosis. Because of the difficulty encountered in recognition of congenital cases which do not appear to have the "classical" signs and because of the infrequency with which the diagnosis can be established, even in these latter cases, the IgM-fluorescent antibody test will hopefully prove simple enough to perform to be useful as a test for the definitive diagnosis of acute congenital toxoplasmosis.
Effect of a Compost and Its Water-Soluble Fractions on Key Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings (2009)

The growing concern on long-term productivity of agroecosystems has emphasized the need to develop management strategies to maintain and protect soil resources, particularly soil organic matter (SOM). Among these, the composting process allows both recycling of the increasing amount of organic waste materials and restoration of the content of organic matter in soil. A sequential chemical fractionation into structurally unbound (SU), weakly bound (WB) and strongly bound (SB) compounds was applied to a bulk compost, and its soluble fractions were extracted in water, either after oxidation of compost suspension with an oxygen flux (TEA), or without oxidation but separated into hydrophilic (HiDOM) and hydrophobic (HoDOM) components. The ratio of hydrophilic over hydrophobic compounds decreased in the order HiDOM > TEA > compost > HoDOM, while TEA and compost showed the largest content of SU and WB components, respectively. Such chemically characterized bulk compost and fractions were tested on maize seedlings grown in sand and in hydroponic conditions, and the effects on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism were measured. The structurally complex bulk compost and the hydrophobic HoDOM fraction negatively affected plant growth, whereas the hydrophilic and less-structured fractions (HiDOM and TEA) showed large positive effects on both growth and enzymatic activities of plants. These results suggest that composted organic matter can become useful to stimulate plant growth if the content of potentially bioavailable hydrophilic and poorly structured components is large. These components may be progressively separated from the compost matrix and contribute to the dynamics of natural organic matter in soil.
Prognostic Value of microRNA-9 in Various Cancers: a Meta-analysis (2016)

Recently, there are more and more evidences from studies have revealed the association between microRNA-9 (miR-9) expression and outcome in multiple cancers, but inconsistent results have also been reported. It is necessary to rationalize a meta analysis of all available data to clarify the prognostic role of miR-9. Eligible studies were selected through multiple search strategies and the quality was assessed by MOOSE. Data was extracted from studies according to the key statistics index. All analyses were performed using STATA software. Twenty studies were selected in the meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of miR-9 in multiple tumors. MiR-9 expression level was an independent prognostic biomarker for OS in tumor patients using multivariate and univariate analyses. High expression levels of miR-9 was demonstrated to associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.23, 95 % CI: 1.56-3.17, P < 0.05) and recurrence free survival/progress free survival (RFS/PFS) (HR = 2.08, 95 % CI: 1.33-3.27, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that residence region (China and Japan), sample size, cancer type (solid or leukemia), follow-up months and analysis method (qPCR) did not alter the predictive value of miR-9 on OS in various cancers. Furthermore, no significant associations were detected for miR-9 expression and lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. The present results suggest that promoted miR-9 expression is associated with poor OS in patients with general cancers.
The Effect of Selective Fading on Digital Radio (1979)

In the course of development of the DRS-8 Digital Radio System a series of digital propagation trials were conducted over a 51 km path at 8 GHz to determine the effect of multipath propagation on a 40 MHz bandwidth digital radio system. It was found that the effects of frequency selective fading result in unacceptably high system unavailability unless adaptive equalization and space diversity are employed. Specifically the results are: 1) Multipath induced outage is much higher than would be predicted from the measured flat fade margin of the equipment. For a nondiversity system, the probability of outage for a single hop in the worst fading month is approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 \times 10^{-3}</tex> . This is 700 times the objective for a long haul system and corresponds to an effective fade margin of only 27 dB. 2) The primary cause of outage is inband distortion caused by the frequency selectivity of the multipath fading process. 3) Phase adaptive space diversity combining is very effective in reducing the amount of fading. In addition it affords some increase in the effective fade margin of the radio, i.e., it reduces the severity of inband distortion for a given fade depth. Outage for the System with space diversity combining was <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.6 \times 10^{-4}</tex> which is about 18 times the long haul objective. 4) A simple adaptive linear amplitude equalizer in conjunction with the phase adaptive space diversity combining provides an additional improvement of approximately a factor of 20, reducing the multipath outage to levels compatible with long haul availability objectives. 5) This same equalizer when applied to a non-diversity channel provides an improvement of about 2. Thus the preconditioning effect of phase adaptive space diversity combining is necessary to reduce distortions sufficiently that they can be dealt with by a relatively simple adaptive equalizer. These results apply to wideband digital radio which operates over long hops using a two dimensional modulation system such as QAM or multiphase PSK.
CRITERIA FOR HUMAN TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART IMPLANTATION BASED ON STEADY STATE ANIMAL DATA (1977)

<p>We report on the size, shape, structure, and interactions of lysozyme in the ternary system lysozyme/DMSO/water at low protein concentrations. Three structural regimes have been identified, which we term the "folded" (0 &lt; <sub>DMSO</sub> &lt; 0.7), "unfolded" (0.7 ≤ <sub>DMSO</sub> &lt; 0.9), and "partially collapsed" (0.9 ≤ <sub>DMSO</sub> &lt; 1.0) regime. Lysozyme resides in a folded conformation with an average radius of gyration of 1.3 ± 0.1 nm for <sub>DMSO</sub> &lt; 0.7 and unfolds (average R<sub>g</sub> of 2.4 ± 0.1 nm) above <sub>DMSO</sub> &gt; 0.7. This drastic change in the protein's size coincides with a loss of the characteristic tertiary structure. It is preceded by a compaction of the local environment of the tryptophan residues and accompanied by a large increase in the protein's overall flexibility. In terms of secondary structure, there is a gradual loss of α-helix and concomitant increase of β-sheet structural elements toward <sub>DMSO</sub> = 0.7, while an increase in <sub>DMSO</sub> at even higher DMSO volume fractions reduces the presence of both α-helix and β-sheet secondary structural elements. Protein-protein interactions remain overall repulsive for all values of <sub>DMSO</sub>. An attempt is made to relate these structural changes to the three most important physical mechanisms that underlie them: the DMSO/water microstructure is strongly dependent on the DMSO volume fraction, DMSO acts as a strong H-bond acceptor, and DMSO is a bad solvent for the protein backbone and a number of relatively polar side groups, but a good solvent for relatively apolar side groups, such as tryptophan.</p>
Tattoo Removal by CO2 Laser Dermabrasion (1980)

A method of tattoo removal by partial-thickness dermal ablation, using a microsurgically adapted CO2 laser, is described. Provided that meticulous attention is paid to each detail of surgical technique, the procedure can be relied upon to produce good cosmetic results with scant risk of complications.
Fiber optic communications : systems, analysis, and enhancements (1998)

Basic electromagnetic field concepts cylindrical waveguides lasers and optical amplifiers optical detectors receiver noise considerations optical fiber systems coherent lightwave communications detection systems wide area wave division multiplexing image channel rejection coherent detection.
Effects of aFGF on the activity of TPK, PKC and ERK in CAOV_(3) cell line (2005)

Objective To explore the effects of the aFGF and PD98059 on the activity of TPK, PKC and ERK in CAOV_3 cell line. Methods The activity of TPK, PKC and ERK in cells induced by different concentration of aFGF and PD98059 was detected by incorporation of [γ-~(32)P]-ATP into exogenous substrate. The expression of ERK induced by aFGF and PD98059 was detected by Western blot. Results The intracellular TPK, PKC and ERK activity increased with aFGF, and PD98059 suppressed the activities of intracellular PKC and ERK, especially in the cells treated with aFGF (P0.05). PD98059 had no effect on the activity of TPK. The Western blot yielded similar results. Conclusion aFGF might adjust the proliferation of CAOV_3 by activating PKC and ERK through TPK signal transduction pathway, and PKC and ERK are located in the downstream part of TPK in CAOV3 cell line.
Electrosynthesis of Linear and Branched Methylene-Bridged Oligo- and Polycarbosilanes (2007)

Electrosynthesis methods have been employed as a mild and facile alternative for the syntheses of polycarbosilanes. Electropolymerization was conducted on chloromethylchlorosilanes, [ClCH2Si(CH3)3-mClm (m = 1, 2)], taking advantage of the fact that these compounds contain two types of functional groups, CH2−Cl and Si−Cl, both of which are electrochemically active with different reduction potentials. Under a constant current, −CH2Cl is preferentially reduced to a carbanion, −SiCH2:-, that can nucleophilically attack a Si−Cl bond to form a CH2−Si linkage; branching should occur when more than one Cl atom resides on the silicon atom since each group is capable of reacting with the nucleophilic carbanion. Thus, the condition for polymerization of highly branched polycarbosilanes is m > 1. Detailed spectroscopic characterizations of the oligomers and polymers with GPC, NMR, IR, and GC-MS are given. The formation of diverse structures, molecular weights, and reaction yields is strongly dependent on the electrosynthesis conditions, such as electrode composition and supporting electrolyte (SE). Thus, high molecular weight (Mn ≈ 57 000) of highly branched but soluble poly[methylsilylenemethylene] is obtained by electropolymerization of ClCH2Si(CH3)Cl2 with the Al/nickel (anode/cathode) pair and Bu4N+BF4 (SE). GC-MS analysis confirms that a number of oligomeric structures can be produced by electrosynthesis, and diverse structural irregularities (i.e., cross-linking, loop, and fused rings) can be incorporated into the branched skeleton of polycarbosilanes. Cyclic voltammetric analysis suggests that electroreduction of chlorocarbosilanes undergoes an ECE mechanism to initiate polymerization, as well as a myriad of side reactions.