gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow injection analysis. From test tube to integrated microconduits (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow injection analysis. From test tube to integrated microconduitsJaromir RuzickaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 11, 1040A–1053APublication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00261a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00261a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Incremental Learning Algorithm of Ensemble Classifier Systems (2006)

In this paper, we propose an incremental learning model for ensemble classifier systems. In the proposed model, the number of classifiers is predetermined and fixed during the learning, and all classifiers are updated at every learning stage based on an extended algorithm of AdaBoost.M1. A neural network model called Resource Allocating Network with Long-Term Memory (RAN-LTM), which has been developed to realize stable incremental learning, is adopted as a classifier. We also propose a new method to update the classifier weights in the weighted majority voting under the one-pass incremental learning situations. In the experiments, first we verify that the proposed model can learn incrementally without serious forgetting and that the performance is not influenced seriously by the size of a training subset given at every learning stage. Then, through a comparison with Resource Allocating Network (RAN), RAN-LTM, and AdaBoost.M1, we demonstrate that the proposed incremental ensemble classifier system has comparable performance with a batch-learning ensemble classifier system, and that it outperforms both both-learning and incremental-learning single-classifier systems.
Biolistic- and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Protocols for Wheat (2012)

After rice, wheat is considered to be the most important world food crop, and the demand for high-quality wheat flour is increasing. Although there are no GM varieties currently grown, wheat is an important target for biotechnology, and we anticipate that GM wheat will be commercially available in 10-15 years. In this chapter, we summarize the main features and challenges of wheat transformation and then describe detailed protocols for the production of transgenic wheat plants both by biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated DNA-delivery. Although these methods are used mainly for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), they can also be successfully applied, with slight modifications, to tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum). The appropriate size and developmental stage of explants (immature embryo-derived scutella), the conditions to produce embryogenic callus tissues, and the methods to regenerate transgenic plants under increasing selection pressure are provided in the protocol. To illustrate the application of herbicide selection system, we have chosen to describe the use of the plasmid pAHC25 for biolistic transformation, while for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation the binary vector pAL156 (incorporating both the bar gene and the uidA gene) has been chosen. Beside the step-by-step methodology for obtaining stably transformed and normal fertile plants, procedures for screening and testing transgenic wheat plants are also discussed.
Synthesis of L-α-Lecithins Containing Shorter Chain Fatty Acids. Water-soluble Glycerolphosphatides. I (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of L-α-Lecithins Containing Shorter Chain Fatty Acids. Water-soluble Glycerolphosphatides. IErich Baer and Vaidyanath MahadevanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2494–2498Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time full-area monitoring of the filling process in molds for UV nanoimprint lithography using dark field illumination (2012)

A dark field illumination system has been developed for real-time full-area monitoring of resin filling in molds for use in ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. The dark field illumination was successfully applied to monitor the filling process in molds with square patterns with dimensions 2 × 2 to 100 × 100 μm2. Real-time images of the full-area mold record the entire process of resin filling, starting from the time of mold contact, followed by resin being squeezed into the mold cavity and elimination of bubbles, to completion of the filling process. The disappearance of scattered light reflected from the bubbles trapped within the pattern cavities of the mold indicates the completion of the filling process. The accuracy of our method is verified using high magnification microscopy. Our proposed real-time full-area monitoring system provides a reliable method to monitor resin filling and enables in situ quality control of defects. This is an important and necessary requirement when employing nanoimprint lithography for the mass production of devices.
Le problème de la rédaction du Talmud de Babylone par R. Aši à la lumière de la Lettre de Šerîra (1937)

Weiss Abraham. Le problème de la rédaction du Talmud de Babylone par R. Aši à la lumière de la Lettre de Šerîra. In: Revue des études juives, tome 2 (102), juillet-décembre 1937. pp. 105-114.
Structure-borne sound from magnetic resonance imaging systems (2003)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are known to produce a considerable amount of audible noise. The recent tendency to install such systems on above-grade floors has led to increasing concerns about structure-borne noise transmission from the MRI to adjacent occupied areas. This paper presents the results of a study in which structure-borne noise forces produced by two operational MRI systems were determined via measurement of the floor vibrations induced by the systems and of the impedance of their supporting floors. Forces with known spectra were applied to the floors of planned MRI suites in a hospital extension and the corresponding noise in adjacent areas was measured. Similarly, airborne noise was introduced in the planned suites and the related noise in adjacent areas was measured. The results then were scaled to correspond to the measured MRI forces and airborne noise. It was found that in areas below the planned MRI installations structure-borne noise would predominate, unless it is mitigated. Structure-borne noise isolation of MRI systems, whose environments must meet stringent vibration criteria, is discussed briefly.
Intermolecular Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Furans with Alkynes: Formation of Phenols and Indenes (2013)

A heart of gold: Phenols can be obtained by the intermolecular reaction of furans with alkynes by using [AuIPr](+)A(-) catalysts (see scheme). 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran also reacts via a cyclopropyl gold carbene to selectively form 2,3-disubstituted indenes. (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; A = anion.).
Getting to grips with gluten (2000)

Ever since Dicke and coworkers identified gluten as the precipitating agent in coeliac disease (CD),1 2 enormous effort has been invested to identify the elements within gluten that are responsible for eliciting the enteropathy. This has been a frustrating endeavour because of the unusual chemistry and huge complexity of gluten proteins. Gluten consists of the alcohol-water extractable fraction of monomeric gliadins and the alcohol-water unextractable fraction of glutenins cross linked into polymers by intermolecular disulphide bonds. The gliadins can be subdivided on the basis of their amino acid sequences into α/β gliadins, γ gliadins, and ω gliadins, while glutenins can be subdivided into low (LMW) and high (HMW) molecular weight glutenins. Importantly, there are numerous variants of each type of gliadins and glutenins in a single wheat variety. Early feeding studies indicated that both gliadin and glutenin fractions were harmful to coeliac patients.2 3Results with glutenins, however, should be interpreted cautiously as the glutenin fraction also contains subunits with characteristic gliadin sequences but which have odd numbers of cysteine residues that results in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds.4 The insolubility of gluten further complicates testing of its toxicity. To bypass this problem, gluten is often fragmented, typically with proteolytic enzymes, prior to testing. Proteolytic fragmentation usually generates a vast array of distinct peptides. From our experience, studies that have obtained results with purified fragments without corroborating results with synthetic analogues should be interpreted with caution. We have often found that a minor peptide constituent can mediate the biological effect of an active fraction rather than the major peptide that is detected by sequencing.

The problem of identifying “toxic” sequences has been further complicated by the lack of reliable and relevant toxicity assays. Assays including culturing of atrophic coeliac mucosa,5culturing of fetal chick or …
Open Wireless System Cloud: An Architecture for Future Wireless Communications System (2012)

Open Wireless System Cloud (OWSC) is a radio access network architecture for future wireless communication systems with remote radio heads, centralized wireless computation on open platforms, and cooperative wireless signal processing and management. With centralized wireless signal processing, system capacity can be increased using emerging wireless techniques, such as cognitive radio, or collaborative processing and coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP). Centralized open computing platform provides greater flexibility as the system can simultaneously support multi-standards and services, such as 2G, 3G and 4G as well as multiple type wireless applications. With this open architecture, OWSC can serve as infrastructure for researchers and wireless resource provider and can be supplied by 3rd parties much like Amazon provides AWS today. The barrier to entry for new entrant wireless operator role is greatly reduced. This enables new business models for the future mobile networks and service providers.
Inhibition of human placenta glutathione transferase P1-1 by calvatic acid. (1994)

The inhibition mechanism of the dimeric human placenta glutathione transferase (GST P1-1) by the antibiotic p-carboxyphenylazoxycyanide (calvatic acid) has been investigated at pH 7.0 and 30.0 degrees C. Experiments performed at different calvatic acid/GST P1-1 molar ratios indicate that one mole of calvatic acid inactivates one mole of the homodimeric enzyme molecule, containing two catalytically equivalent active sites. The apparent second order rate constant for GST P1-1 inactivation is 2.4 +/- 0.3 M-1 s-1. The recovery of all the 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitro-benzoic acid)-titratable thiol groups as well as the original catalytic activity of GST P1-1 after treatment of the inhibited enzyme with dithiothreitol indicates that two disulfide bridges per dimer, likely between Cys47 and Cys101, have been formed during the reaction with calvatic acid. To the best of the authors knowledge, calvatic acid represents a unique case of enzyme inhibitor acting also throughout its reaction product(s).
SmartCheck (2018)

Ethereum is a major blockchain-based platform for smart contracts - Turing complete programs that are executed in a decentralized network and usually manipulate digital units of value. Solidity is the most mature high-level smart contract language. Ethereum is a hostile execution environment, where anonymous attackers exploit bugs for immediate financial gain. Developers have a very limited ability to patch deployed contracts. Hackers steal up to tens of millions of dollars from flawed contracts, a well-known example being "The DAO", broken in June 2016. Advice on secure Ethereum programming practices is spread out across blogs, papers, and tutorials. Many sources are outdated due to a rapid pace of development in this field. Automated vulnerability detection tools, which help detect potentially problematic language constructs, are still underdeveloped in this area.
Functional testing of TFT/LCD arrays (1992)

The thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT/LCD) is emerging as the leading flat-panel display in computer applications. TFT array characterization is important to the research, development, and manufacturing of TFT/LCDs. This paper describes a new Dynamic Array Tester developed for that purpose and describes some examples of its use.
Migration Methods for Passive Seismic Data (2004)

Passive seismic imaging is based on the fact that by cross‐correlating the transmission responses of a medium, one can reconstruct its reflection response. Here, we show a method to directly migrate the transmission responses measured at the surface, based on the shot‐profile migration. We also show that the results from direct migration of passive data and from migration of the simulated reflection response are identical. At the end, we also show comparisons between the behavior of the results from the migration process and the simulated reflection responses.
Small Earthquakes, Tectonic Forces (1992)

Earthquake scaling and frequency-of-occurrence relations require that small earthquakes be just as important as larger ones in redistributing the forces that drive relative displacements across active faults of any dimension, including plate boundaries.
CREAN LA BECA BERNARDO QUINTANA Y LA C TEDRA FUNDACIÓN ICA PARA FORTALECER LA DOCENCIA (1999)

MEDIANTE UN CONVENIO DE COLABORACION ENTRE LA FUNDACION ICA Y LAS FACULTADES DE INGENIERIA Y ECONOMIA, ASI COMO LA ASOCIACION DE EXALUMNOS DE ESTA ULTIMA (AEFE) SE CREO LA BECA DE DOCENCIA BERNARDO QUINTANA ARRIOJA. ECONOMIA DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA, Y SE ESTABLECIO LA C TEDRA FUNDACION ICA. ECONOMIA DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA. EN LA CEREMONIA DE FIRMA DEL CONVENIO, EFECTUADA EN EL MUSEO UNIVERSITARIO CONTEMPOR NEO DE ARTE EL 13 DE ABRIL, EL INGENIERO BERNARDO QUINTANA ISAAC, PRESIDENTE DEL CONSEJO DIRECTIVO DE INGENIEROS CIVILES ASOCIADOS (ICA), DIJO QUE LA BECA Y LA C TEDRA GENERAR N TRABAJOS DE INVESTIGACION Y MATERIAL DOCENTE QUE PROPICIAR  LA APROXIMACION ANALITICA DE ECONOMISTAS E INGENIEROS A LA ESTRECHA RELACION ENTRE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y LA ACTIVIDAD ECONOMICA EN M‚XICO Y EL MUNDO. POR SU PARTE, EL MAESTRO XAVIER CORT‚S ROCHA, SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LA UNAM, SENALO QUE AMBAS ACCIONES SERVIR N PARA PROMOVER LA REALIZACION DE CURSOS, SEMINARIOS, INVESTIGACIONES, CONFERENCIAS MAGISTRALES Y COLOQUIOS ESPECIALIZADOS O INTERDISCIPLINARIOS, EDITAR PUBLICACIONES Y MATERIAL DE DIFUSION Y FORMAR PROFESORES ESPECIALIZADOS EN EL TEMA DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCION. EN LA CEREMONIA TAMBI‚N ESTUVIERON PRESENTES EL LICENCIADO JOS‚ ANGEL GURRIA TREVINO, SECRETARIO DE HACIENDA Y CR‚DITO PUBLICO Y PRESIDENTE DEL CONSEJO DIRECTIVO DE LA AEFE, Y EL RECTOR FRANCISCO BARN‚S DE CASTRO, ENTRE OTROS.
PP-YOLOv2: A Practical Object Detector (2021)

Being effective and efficient is essential to an object detector for practical use. To meet these two concerns, we comprehensively evaluate a collection of existing refinements to improve the performance of PP-YOLO while almost keep the infer time unchanged. This paper will analyze a collection of refinements and empirically evaluate their impact on the final model performance through incremental ablation study. Things we tried that didn't work will also be discussed. By combining multiple effective refinements, we boost PP-YOLO's performance from 45.9% mAP to 49.5% mAP on COCO2017 test-dev. Since a significant margin of performance has been made, we present PP-YOLOv2. In terms of speed, PP-YOLOv2 runs in 68.9FPS at 640x640 input size. Paddle inference engine with TensorRT, FP16-precision, and batch size = 1 further improves PP-YOLOv2's infer speed, which achieves 106.5 FPS. Such a performance surpasses existing object detectors with roughly the same amount of parameters (i.e., YOLOv4-CSP, YOLOv5l). Besides, PP-YOLOv2 with ResNet101 achieves 50.3% mAP on COCO2017 test-dev. Source code is at https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleDetection.
Review and comparison of non-conventional imaging systems for three-dimensional digitization of transparent objects (2012)

Fashion and design greatly influence the conception of manufactured products which now exhibit complex forms and shapes. Two-dimensional quality control procedures (e.g., shape, textures, colors, and 2D geometry) are progressively being replaced by 3D inspection methods (e.g., 3D geometry, colors, and texture on the 3D shape) therefore requiring a digitization of the object surface. Three dimensional surface acquisition is a topic which has been studied to a large extent, and a significant number of techniques for acquiring 3D shapes has been proposed, leading to a wide range of commercial solutions available on the market. These systems cover a wide range from micro-scale objects such as shape from focus and shape from defocus techniques, to several meter sized objects (time of flight technique). Nevertheless, the use of such systems still encounters difficulties when dealing with non-diffuse (non Lambertian) surfaces as is the case for transparent, semi-transparent, or highly reflective materials (e.g., glass, crystals, plastics, and shiny metals). We review and compare various systems and approaches which were recently developed for 3D digitization of transparent objects.
Genetic Biomarkers for ALS Disease in Transgenic SOD1G93A Mice (2012)

The pathophysiological mechanisms of both familial and sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are unknown, although growing evidence suggests that skeletal muscle tissue is a primary target of ALS toxicity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice, a mouse model of ALS, to determine genetic biomarkers of disease longevity. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and three biopsy samples were obtained per animal at the three main stages of the disease. Transcriptional expression levels of seventeen genes, Ankrd1, Calm1, Col19a1, Fbxo32, Gsr, Impa1, Mef2c, Mt2, Myf5, Myod1, Myog, Nnt, Nogo A, Pax7, Rrad, Sln and Snx10, were tested in each muscle biopsy sample. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol, and variations in gene expression were assayed by real-time PCR for all of the samples. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear correlation between transcriptional expression levels throughout disease progression and longevity. Consistent with the results obtained from total skeletal muscle of transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice and 74-day-old denervated mice, five genes (Mef2c, Gsr, Col19a1, Calm1 and Snx10) could be considered potential genetic biomarkers of longevity in transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice. These results are important because they may lead to the exploration of previously unexamined tissues in the search for new disease biomarkers and even to the application of these findings in human studies.
Combined molecular replacement (1996)

Current molecular-replacement methods assume that the correct rotations to be applied to a search atomic model are close to peaks in the rotation function. In addition, generally only the top peaks in the rotation function are examined by the translation function. For difficult structures and for high-symmetry space groups, this assumption may no longer hold true. The more powerful approach is to examine not only the peaks but also other angles that have reasonable values in the rotation function to look for the molecular-replacement solutions. The combined molecular-replacement protocol is therefore a limited six-dimensional search, where the sampling of the rotational degrees of freedom is restricted by the rotation function. A packing check is used to eliminate solutions that cause steric clashes of the search atomic model in the crystal. Several new structures have been determined with this protocol.
Adhesion of diamond films on tungsten (1995)

The U.S. Bureau of Mines has investigated the chemical vapor deposition of diamond films on tungsten substrates. The effects of deposition parameters on the adhesion of the films was determined. The films were produced using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition system. Parameters investigated were substrate temperature and methane concentration in the feed gas. Film quality, morphology, and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.\nAdhesion testing was performed using an indentation technique, and the results were quantified by relating adhesion to interface fracture toughness. Diamond films with well-faceted crystalline morphology with grain size greater than 1 pm had poor adhesion properties regardless of substrate temperature or methane concentration. Diamond films with smooth morphologies consisting of rounded clusters of small (<0.2 pm) diamond crystallites and amorphous carbon phases displayed\nmuch higher adhesion, although the conditions that led to the growth of these films are not understood.
Prevalence of antibodies to West Nile fever, sandfly fever Sicilian, and sandfly fever Naples viruses in healthy adults in Israel. (1999)

There is still significant exposure to WNV, SFSV, and SFNV in Israel. Arborviruses are probably responsible for many cases of non-specific febrile illness in this region.
Inhibin and Activin in Reproductive Biology (1992)

Reproductive Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California