gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Feline Picornavirus from the Domestic Cat (2011)

While picornaviruses are known to infect different animals, their existence in the domestic cat was unknown. We describe the discovery of a novel feline picornavirus (FePV) from stray cats in Hong Kong. From samples from 662 cats, FePV was detected in fecal samples from 14 cats and urine samples from 2 cats by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Analysis of five FePV genomes revealed a distinct phylogenetic position and genomic features, with low sequence homologies to known picornaviruses especially in leader and 2A proteins. Among the viruses that belong to the closely related bat picornavirus groups 1 to 3 and the genus Sapelovirus, G+C content and sequence analysis of P1, P2, and P3 regions showed that FePV is most closely related to bat picornavirus group 3. However, FePV possessed other distinct features, including a putative type IV internal ribosome entry site/segment (IRES) instead of type I IRES in bat picornavirus group 3, protein cleavage sites, and H-D-C catalytic triad in 3C(pro) different from those in sapeloviruses and bat picornaviruses, and the shortest leader protein among known picornaviruses. These results suggest that FePV may belong to a new genus in the family Picornaviridae. Western blot analysis using recombinant FePV VP1 polypeptide showed a high seroprevalence of 33.6% for IgG among the plasma samples from 232 cats tested. IgM was also detected in three cats positive for FePV in fecal samples, supporting recent infection in these cats. Further studies are important to understand the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and genetic evolution of FePV in these common pet animals.
A DYNAMIC MODEL TO ANALYZE THE REPERCUSSIONS OF URBAN POLICIES (1976)

As the interactions among urban activities have increased and complicated, it is urgently demanded to analyze the effects which might be caused by urban policies. The aim of this model is to analyze not only direct effects but also repercussions of urban policies upon citizens' welfare and to assist decision-makers in evaluating policy alternatives and in detecting urban problems in advance. One of the new ideas in this model is that urban activities are grasped from two principal viewpoints of system theory (feedback and hierarchy), and the simulation model is formulated on the basis of this framework. (1) feedback system; Urban activities can be considered as such a feedback system as to maximize citizens' utility (output) by satisfying various demands of citizens (input) Herein exist two main feedback loops, one is with equipment or services (process). administrative control and the other is the influence of the benefit level on the demand pattern. (2) hierarchical system; Urban activities can be considered as a hierarchical system. From the hierarchical points of view, urban activities were categorized into four levels and the relationships between a higher level and a lower level are identified. The met-hod used to build the simulation model was System Dynamics and the method applied to analyze and formulate urban activities was Scenario. Some of model parameters which are highly sociological and psychological were defined on the result of the enquete investigation for administrative officials of Hiroshima city. Concerning Hiroshima city, the long range simulation (20 years) was carried out on this model with regard to several alternative urban policies.
Performance and failure mechanisms of TiN diffusion barrier layers in submicron devices (1989)

Defects in reactively sputtered titanium nitride diffusion barriers in submicron devices were investigated. Four different failure mechanisms could be extracted, two originating from the production of the layers, two related to foregoing process steps. The latter are contact hole overetch and topology inside the contact hole, i.e., edges, created by deviating isotropic etch ratios of different dielectric layers in a post-treatment after the contact etch. The insufficiencies related to the preparation of the TiN films are microcracks due to excessive stress incorporated and encroachment caused by a Ti-rich titanium nitride on the contact hole walls, proved by an Auger electron spectroscopy analysis. Accidental accumulation of two or more of these defects in a production line can cause the barrier to fail. The process of contact degradation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x rays. It was found that after aluminum penetration the destruction of the contact area proceeds via a ternary AlxTiySiz reaction until all titanium is consumed, followed by the growth of a pure Al spike and the fatal breakdown of the contact.
Integrated optical polariser on LiNbO <sub>3</sub> :Ti channel waveguides using proton exchange (1983)

A polariser on a Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguide has been realised using a double fabrication process (Ti indiffusion and proton exchange). A region is created where the extraordinary polarisation experiences a leaky propagation leading to an extinction ratio of 30 dB and excess loss of about 1 dB.
A Simple Solution for Information Sharing in Hybrid Web Service Composition (2011)

In hybrid service composition approaches, processes are used to describe the core part of the composition logic whereas the rules are used to specify decision making constraints and conditions. These rules are exposed as services and are used in the processes whenever a certain decision has to be made. To evaluate these rules, we need a mechanism 1) to share data between the main process and the rule service, 2) to decide upon which service to invoke based on the result received from the rule service. In this paper, we propose a tuple space based solution for supporting these requirements. We also include descriptions of an application scenario to motivate our work, a prototype of the proposed solution and we demonstrate how our solution helps in achieving process flexibility with minimal maintenance costs in the context of changing requirements.
Group mobility and partition prediction in wireless ad-hoc networks (2003)

In wireless ad-hoc networks, network partitioning occurs when the mobile nodes move with diverse patterns and cause the network to separate into completely disconnected portions. Network partitioning is a wide-scale topology change that can cause sudden and severe disruptions to ongoing network routing and upper layer applications. Its occurrence can be attributed to the aggregate group motion exhibited in the movements of the mobile nodes. By exploiting the group mobility pattern, we can predict the future network partitioning, and thus minimize the amount of disruption. We propose a new characterization of group mobility, based on existing group mobility models, which provides parameters that are sufficient for network partition prediction. We then demonstrate how partition prediction can be made using the mobility model parameters and illustrate the applicability of the prediction information. Furthermore, we use a simple but effective data clustering algorithm that, given the velocities of the mobile nodes in an ad-hoc network, can accurately determine the mobility groups and estimate the characteristic parameters of each group.
The seismic history of the Rio Grande Rift (1975)

The Rio Grande Rift is the most active seismic area in New Mexico. The first documented earthquake occurred in 1868. Earthquakes observed since that time are tabulated. The history of earthquake instrumentation in the area is recounted. At present, the area appears relatively quiet. 4 figures, 3 tables. (RWR)
Surface Roughening Transition and Coarsening of NbC Grains in Liquid Cobalt‐Rich Matrix (2004)

When NbC–30 wt% Co powder compact is sintered at various temperatures where NbC grains (with small amounts of Co) coexist with a liquid Co–NbC matrix, the NbC grains undergo a surface roughening transition with temperature increase and the grain growth changes from abnormal to normal growth. When sintered at 1400°C, the grains are polyhedral with sharp edges (and corners) and grow abnormally because their singular surfaces move by nucleation of surface steps. When sintered at 1600°C, the edges become round, indicating the surface roughening transition. The grains still grow abnormally, but their number density is larger than that at 1400°C because of the smaller surface step free energy. When sintered at 1820°C, the grains are nearly spherical, but the flat‐surface segments still remain. The grain growth at this temperature is nearly normal because of very small surface step free energy. The surface roughening transition is reversed when a specimen initially sintered at 1820°C is heat‐treated again at 1400°C, but some grains show transition shapes with nearly flat edges and slope discontinuities (shocks).
Malonic ester derivatives of <i>s</i>‐Triazine (1972)

Abstract Reaction of cyanuric chloride with solutions of sodium diethyl malonate led to three products, 2,4,6‐tris(dicarbethoxymethylene)hexahydro‐ s ‐triazine, 2,4‐bis(dicarbethoxymethylene)‐6‐oxohexahydro‐ s ‐triazine, and 2‐dicarbethoxymethylene‐4,6‐dioxohexahydro‐s‐triazine. The preferred structures (IV,V,VI) are stabilized by chelated N‐H‐O protons in six membered rings. The assignment of structures was made on the basis of ir, nmr, uv and mass spectral data.
Elastic Modulus of Single Cellulose Microfibrils from Tunicate Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (2009)

The elastic modulus of single microfibrils from tunicate ( Halocynthia papillosa ) cellulose was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Microfibrils with cross-sectional dimensions 8 x 20 nm and several micrometers in length were obtained by oxidation of cellulose with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) as a catalyst and subsequent mechanical disintegration in water and by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The nanocellulosic materials were deposited on a specially designed silicon wafer with grooves 227 nm in width, and a three-point bending test was applied to determine the elastic modulus using an AFM cantilever. The elastic moduli of single microfibrils prepared by TEMPO-oxidation and acid hydrolysis were 145.2 +/- 31.3 and 150.7 +/- 28.8 GPa, respectively. The result showed that the experimentally determined modulus of the highly crystalline tunicate microfibrils was in agreement with the elastic modulus of native cellulose crystals.
Comparative analysis of NK‐ or NK‐CTL‐mediated lysis of immature or mature autologous dendritic cells (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to kill efficiently autologous immature dendritic cells (iDC), while sparing those undergone maturation. In this study we investigated the effect of the interaction between autologous DC and NK-cytolytic T lymphocytes (NK-CTL), a subset of HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) T cells that express HLA class I-specific inhibitory NK receptors. Although these cells share with NK cells various phenotypic and functional features (such as the capacity to lyse most allogeneic, NK-susceptible tumor cell lines), different from NK cells, NK-CTL failed to lyse autologous DC. However, after pulsing DC with a cytomegalovirus-derived, HLA-E-binding peptide recognized by NK-CTL, both iDC and mature DC became highly susceptible to lysis. On the other hand,the addition of the peptide resulted in the down-regulation of the NK-mediated lysis of the same autologous iDC. The capability of killing autologous DC, presenting a non-self, HLA-E-binding peptide, may represent a feedback mechanism by which NK-CTL down-regulate HLA-E-restricted responses to certain pathogens.
Compatibilization Effect of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers and Phase Morphology Analysis in Immiscible Poly(lactide)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends (2002)

The miscibility and phase behavior of two stereoisomer forms of poly(lactide) (PLA: poly (L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA)) blends with poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PEG) and PCL-b-monomethoxy-PEG (PCL-b-MPEG) block copolymers have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC thermal behavior of both the blend systems revealed that PLA is miscible with the PEG segment phase of PCL-b-(M)PEG but is still immiscible with its PCL segment phase although PCL was block-copolymerized with PEG. On the basis of these results, PCL-b-PEG was added as a compatibilizer to PLA/PCL binary blends. The improvement in mechanical properties of PLA/PCL blends was achieved as anticipated upon the addition of PCL-b-PEG. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements have been performed in order to study the compositional synergism to be observed in mechanical tests. AFM observations of the morphological dependency on blend composition indicate that PLA/PCL blends are immiscible but compatible to some extent and that synergism of compatibilizing may be maximized in the compositional blend ratio before apparent phase separation and coarsening.
Introduction to G-Protein-Coupled Signal Transduction and Human Disease (1998)

Signal transduction mechanisms can be divided into two major classes, those involving intracellular (cytoplasmic and nuclear) receptors, typified by the thyroid and steroid hormone receptor family, and those involving cell-surface (plasma membrane) receptors. The latter group can be further subdivided according to the effector mechanism employed for receptor signaling. Examples include receptors with intrinsic effector activity, such as tyrosine kinases, serine/threonine kinases, phosphatases, and ligand-gated ion channels, and receptors without intrinsic effector activity typified by the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Numerous diseases are now known to be caused by defects in signal transduction, and examples exist for each of the major signal transduction mechanisms. This volume focuses on diseases caused by defects in G-protein-coupled signal transduction. This introductory chapter reviews our current understanding of the structure and function of G proteins and the receptors to which they couple, offers some general considerations on how mutations in G proteins and GPCR cause disease, and gives a broad overview of disorders caused by defects in G-protein-coupled signal transduction.
The Use of a Novel Moldable Calcium Phosphate Putty (Montage) for Periarticular Fractures: Early Clinical Results (2021)

Objective: The objective of this study was to report on the early clinical results of a novel moldable calcium phosphate putty in managing metaphyseal voids associated with periarticular fractures. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Setting: Level I Academic Trauma Center. Patients/Participants: A total of 41 patients with periarticular fractures treated from June 2017 to June 2018 were included in the study. Intervention: Open reduction internal fixation. Main Outcome Measurement: Articular subsidence, bone void filler incorporation and resorption, calcium phosphate extravasation into soft tissue and joint, nonunion, infection. Results: Fracture distribution was as follows: 23 plateau, 6 pilon, 5 acetabulum, 4 calcaneus, 1 midfoot, 1 olecranon, 1 distal radius. Twenty-six patients had >6-month follow-up at the time of publication. All fractures have united. There were no instances in which the Montage extravasated into the soft tissue or joint. In all, 23/26 (88%) patients went on to union without articular subsidence. Overall, 25/26 (96%) showed radiographic evidence of incorporation and partial resorption. There were 2 unplanned surgeries (8%). One patient had an open pilon fracture that underwent debridement and implant removal at 4 months for deep infection; 1 patient with a tibial plateau fracture underwent debridement with implant retention at 4 weeks for deep infection. Both went on to clinical and radiographic union. Conclusions: Montage shows excellent efficacy in preventing articular subsidence when used as a metaphyseal void filler with fixation of periarticular fractures. There is strong radiographic evidence of incorporation and partial resorption at early clinical follow-up. The handling characteristics during its application showed no soft tissue or intra-articular extravasation. Early clinical results are promising, and further study is warranted. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
IL-6 Regulates Neutrophil Trafficking during Acute Inflammation via STAT3 (2008)

The successful resolution of inflammation is dependent upon the coordinated transition from the initial recruitment of neutrophils to a more sustained population of mononuclear cells. IL-6, which signals via the common receptor subunit gp130, represents a crucial checkpoint regulator of neutrophil trafficking during the inflammatory response by orchestrating chemokine production and leukocyte apoptosis. However, the relative contribution of specific IL-6-dependent signaling pathways to these processes remains unresolved. To define the receptor-mediated signaling events responsible for IL-6-driven neutrophil trafficking, we used a series of gp130 knockin mutant mice displaying altered IL-6-signaling capacities in an experimental model of acute peritoneal inflammation. Hyperactivation of STAT1 and STAT3 in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice led to a more rapid clearance of neutrophils, and this coincided with a pronounced down-modulation in production of the neutrophil-attracting chemokine CXCL1/KC. By contrast, the proportion of apoptotic neutrophils in the inflammatory infiltrate remained unaffected. In gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice lacking IL-6, neutrophil trafficking and CXCL1/KC levels were normal, and this corresponded with a reduction in the level of STAT1/3 activity. Furthermore, monoallelic ablation of Stat3 in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice specifically reduced STAT3 activity and corrected both the rapid clearance of neutrophils and impaired CXCL1/KC production. Conversely, genetic deletion of Stat1 in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice failed to rescue the altered responses observed in gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice. Collectively, these data genetically define that IL-6-driven signaling via STAT3, but not STAT1, limits the inflammatory recruitment of neutrophils, and therefore represents a critical event for the termination of the innate immune response.
The advent of trusted computing (2006)

The release of computer hardware devices based on "trusted computing" technologies is heralding a paradigm shift that will have profound implications for digital forensics. In this paper, we map out the contours of a trusted environment in order to establish the context for the paper. This is followed by the main components of the TC architecture with an emphasis on the Trusted Platform and the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The next section presents a synopsis based on three threat models, viz., (i) pc owner-centric, (ii) trusted computing-centric, and (iii) digital forensics-centric and then briefly touches on the implications and unintended consequences of trusted computing for digital forensics. Finally, the last section of the concludes with a recommendation on how to mitigate the negative effects of trusted computing.
Palatability of bird repellents to <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> (2001)

The palatability to captive, mostly laboratory-bred, Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) of cereal-based baits containing 0.02 g kg-1 brodifacoum, with and without bird-repellent additives, was compared in a no-choice experimental design. Methyl anthranilate (25 g kg-1), dimethyl anthranilate (25 g kg-1) and cinnamamide (2.5 g kg-1) reduced bait consumption by the rats, but all except one rat ate enough bait to receive a lethal dose. Cinnamamide (1 g kg-1), ortho-aminoacetophenone (0.1 g kg-1) and tannic acid (20 g kg-1) did not reduce bait consumption and all rats died after eating baits. The concentration of cinnamamide palatable to rats has only a low and short-lived repellency to birds, so it does not warrant further investigation. However, ortho-aminoacetophenone and tannic acid should now be field-tested for palatability to all three rat species in New Zealand and for repellency to native New Zealand birds.
The V3 region of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binds sulfated polysaccharides and CD4-derived synthetic peptides. (1992)

gp120 is the envelope glycoprotein found on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and it binds to human cell surface CD4 receptors to initiate the HIV-1 infection process. It is now well-established that synthetic peptides from the V3 region on gp120 elicit antibodies that block HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-mediated cell fusion. Here we show that synthetic peptides derived from similar V3 regions of several isolates of HIV-1 bind [3H]heparin, and we also demonstrate that [3H]heparin binds to recombinant gp120 IIIB. The binding could be blocked by unlabeled heparin, dextran sulfate, and by a highly anionic benzylated synthetic peptide derived from human CD4 (amino acids 81-92). The nonbenzylated peptides from the same region were considerably less active. Unlabeled heparin, dextran sulfate, and the CD4-derived peptides were able to compete with the binding of soluble gp120 to immobilized antibodies against fragments of the V3 from isolate IIIB, but they had no effect on the binding of gp120 to anti-peptide antibodies targeted against another unrelated region of gp120. Biotin conjugated to the benzylated CD4-peptide bound to gp120 and was blocked from this binding by anti-V3 antibodies. These results indicate that the three materials that have been demonstrated by others to block HIV-1 infection in vitro, sulfated polysaccharides, certain CD4-derived synthetic peptides, and anti-V3 antibodies, may be acting through a common mechanism that includes binding to the V3 region of gp120 on HIV-1.
On refractory oxide crystals for continuous-wave tunable lasers (1985)

It is demonstrated that trapped-hole centers can be a detriment to continuous-wave tunable-laser action in irradiated oxide crystals operating in or near the visible region. Thermochemically reduced oxide crystals appear to be more promising.
A Molecular Mechanics Study of Copper(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels−Alder Reactions (2004)

A simple molecular mechanics force field for the study of complexes important in the bis(oxazoline) copper(II)-catalyzed Diels−Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with acrylimide dienophiles has been developed. The parameter set has been based on the MMFF94 force field as implemented in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and supplemented by available experimental and DFT calculated data. Control over the electronic preference for a square-planar complex geometry has been achieved by introducing a dummy bond. Catalyst−substrate complexes and approximate transition states have been studied by stochastic conformational searches to investigate conformational preferences and to estimate regio- and enantioselectivities based on the steric characteristics of different bis(oxazoline) ligands. While prediction of regioselectivity is reliable, factors determining enantioselectivity are more subtle, and predictions have been only moderately successful. Further computational experiments have been used to elucidate the source of some of these discrepancies.
Histone‐specific Th0 and Th1 clones derived from systemic lupus erythematosus patients induce double‐stranded DNA antibody production (1997)

Th cells specific for histones may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE by inducing autoantibodies to dsDNA. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The presence of histone-specific Th cells in a healthy individual indicates the importance of peripheral tolerance for preventing autoimmunity to nuclear antigens.
Irradiation technology (1990)

The generation of nuclear tracks requires the availability of a source of heavy ions of sufficiently high nuclear charge and energy. There exist in principle four different ways to create artificial ion tracks in solids: Nuclear reactors, radioactive sources, ion accelerators, and scanning ion microbeams (Figure 1–1).