gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Solid-Phase Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Phenyl-Piperazine-Triazine Scaffold as α-Helix Mimetics (2014)

α-Helices play a critical role in mediating many protein-protein interactions (PPIs) as recognition motifs. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in developing small molecules that can mimic helical peptide segments to modulate α-helix-mediated PPIs. Due to the relatively low aqueous solubility and synthetic difficulty of most current α-helix mimetic small molecules, one important goal in this area is to develop small molecules with favorable physicochemical properties and ease of synthesis. Here we designed phenyl-piperazine-triazine-based α-helix mimetics that possess improved water solubility and excellent synthetic accessibility. We developed a facile solid-phase synthetic route that allows for rapid creation of a large, diverse combinatorial library of α-helix mimetics. Further, we identified a selective inhibitor of the Mcl-1/BH3 interaction by screening a focused library of phenyl-piperazine-triazines, demonstrating that the scaffold is able to serve as functional mimetics of α-helical peptides. We believe that our phenyl-piperazine-triazine-based α-helix mimetics, along with the facile and divergent solid-phase synthetic method, have great potential as powerful tools for discovering potent inhibitors of given α-helix-mediated PPIs.
Power Quality Control of Wind-Hybrid Power Generation System Using Fuzzy-LQR Controller (2007)

This paper presents modeling and control design of a wind-hybrid power system that includes a battery storage and a dumpload. The proposed control scheme is based on the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model and the linear quadratic regulator. The TS fuzzy model expresses the local dynamics of a nonlinear system partitioned into sub systems by linguistic rules. A possibility auto-regression model is presented that provides optimally partitioned sub systems based on the observed time series. The controllers for each sub system are designed by the linear quadratic regulator. In the simulation study, the proposed controller is compared with the conventional proportional-integral controller and shown to be more effective against disturbances caused by the wind speed and the load variations. Thus, a better power quality is achieved on the given site.
Neoteny in Lymphocytes: <i>Rag1</i> and <i>Rag2</i> Expression in Germinal Center B Cells (1996)

The products of the Rag1 and Rag2 genes drive genomic V(D)J rearrangements that assemble functional immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor genes. Expression of the Rag genes has been thought to be limited to developmentally immature lymphocyte populations that in normal adult animals are primarily restricted to the bone marrow and thymus. Abundant RAG1 and RAG2 protein and messenger RNA was detected in the activated B cells that populate murine splenic and Peyer's patch germinal centers. Germinal center B cells thus share fundamental characteristics of immature lymphocytes, raising the possibility that antigen-dependent secondary V(D)J rearrangements modify the peripheral antibody repertoire.
Close Observation of the Geometrical Features of an Ultranarrow Silicon Nanowire Device (2002)

We have investigated the geometrical properties of a silicon (Si) nanowire device in relation to its electrical characteristics. In the fabricated Si nanodevice with an ultranarrow Si nanowire of less than 10 nm width and of 17.5 nm height, we have observed Coulomb blockade oscillation. The close examination of both the plane-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the same ultranarrow Si nanowire has been carried out successfully. No physical discontinuity was found, even in the Si nanowire which shows the Coulomb blockade effect. The obtained results provide useful information for future fabrication of ultrasmall Si devices.
Periodic mesoporous organosilica containing ionic bis-aryl-imidazolium entities: Heterogeneous precursors for silica-hybrid-supported NHC complexes (2009)

The synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilica incorporating ionic diarylimidazolium species was achieved by hydrolysis–polycondensation of a bis-silylated diarylimidazolium (Si-IMes-) precursor in the presence of non-ionic triblock copolymer as structure directing agents. Although hydrolysis polycondensation of the pure precursor gave materials with moderate porosity, highly porous solids were obtained by the addition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to the sol solution. The architecture of the materials on a mesoscopic scale strongly depends on the TEOS/Si-IMes ratio in the sol. Materials with highly regular hexagonal symmetry were obtained using high molar excess of TEOS. The obtained PMO type materials incorporating diarylimidazolium substructures are promising heterogeneous precursors for the formation of silica hybrid supported N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and therefore have great potential in heterogeneous catalysis.
Reduction of hexachloroethane and carbon tetrachloride at surfaces of biotite, vermiculite, pyrite, and marcasite. Book chapter Apr 88-Apr 90 (1991)

Contamination of groundwater resources by halogenated compounds spurred the formation of a national program to clean up hazardous waste sites across the United States. Compounds such as carbon tetrachloride (CTET), chloroform (CF), and hexachloroethane (HCA) are a few of the chemicals which have been proposed to be 'characteristic' hazardous wastes to be included in the toxic contaminant leachate potential (TCLP) test. Consequently, chemical and biological transformation pathways are being studied to aid in understanding the fate of these contaminants in groundwater environments and to apply the processes occurring naturally in groundwater environments to remediation technologies. Environmental factors significantly affect the transformation rates and the pathways of halogenated aliphatic compounds. The authors have studied the transformation of tetrachloromethane (CTET), and hexachloroethane (HCA) in homogenous and heterogenous systems designed to simulate groundwater and sediment conditions. The laboratory studies were aimed at (1) identifying the sediment components which may act as reducing components and (2) quantifying the environmental factors which govern the transformation rates. Both model and natural systems were studied. Their data indicate that the humic acid fraction in combination with sulfide and Fe(2+) may promote transformation rates. Similarly, surfaces of sheet silicates, such as biotite and vermiculite, were found to promotemore » degradation of CTET and perchloroethylene, respectively.« less
Structural Optimization and Characterization of Potent Analgesic Macrocyclic Analogues of Neurotensin (8–13) (2018)

The neurotensin receptors are attractive targets for the development of new analgesic compounds. They represent potential alternatives or adjuvants to opioids. Herein, we report the structural optimization of our recently reported macrocyclic peptide analogues of NT(8-13). The macrocycle was formed via ring-closing metathesis (RCM) between an ortho allylated tyrosine residue in position 11 and the side chain of alkene-functionalized amino acid in position 8 of NT(8-13). Minute modifications led to significant binding affinity improvement ( K<sub>i</sub> improved from 5600 to 15 nM) with greatly improved plasma stability compared to NT(8-13). This study also delineates the structural features influencing these parameters. The signaling profiles of the new macrocycles were determined on the NTS1 receptor, and the physiological effects of the two most potent and stable analogues were assessed in vivo using rodent models. Both compounds displayed strong analgesic effects.
Study of the dissolution behavior of selenium and tellurium in different solvents—a novel route to Se, Te tubular bulk single crystals (2002)

The characteristics of selenium in various solvents under solvothermal conditions were investigated in detail and the different dissolution behavior of selenium in the solvents identified. A brown homogeneous solution was obtained in ethylenediamine. This solution is metastable and is a suitable selenium feedstock for the preparation of selenides at room temperature. A nucleophilic mechanism is proposed for the formation of metal selenides. Millimeter-scale selenium crystals were obtained in the other solvents, i.e. ethanol, pyridine, benzene, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). XRD and ED patterns indicate that the crystals grew in orientation. SEM images show that these crystals have a tubular hexagonal prism morphology with tubular sizes of ca. 1–1.5 mm in length, 15 µm in diameter and 5 µm in thickness. We also prepared micro-tubular tellurium crystals in ethylenediamine. The growth mechanism of the tubular crystals is discussed.
Routing and wavelength asssignment vs. wavelength converter placement in all-optical networks (2003)

Blocking has been the key performance index in the design of an all-optical network. Existing research demonstrates that an effective routing and wavelength assignment strategy and a proper wavelength converter placement algorithm are the two primary vehicles for improving the blocking performance. However, these two issues have largely been investigated separately in that the existing RWA algorithms have seldom considered the presence of wavelength conversion, while the wavelength converter placement algorithms have largely assumed that a static routing and random wavelength assignment algorithm is employed. The main objective of this article is to present some strong evidence that these two issues need to be considered jointly, and call for the reexamination of both RWA and wavelength converter placement.
Late Defect on Delayed Contrast-enhanced Multi–Detector Row CT Scans in the Prediction of SPECT Infarct Size after Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction: Initial Experience (2005)

Late defect on multi-detector row CT scans indicates residual perfusion SPECT defect and infarct size after successfully reperfused MI, with sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 94%.
Interaction of Antimycobacterial Drugs with the Anti-<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Effects of Antimicrobial Effectors, Reactive Oxygen Intermediates, Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates, and Free Fatty Acids Produced by Macrophages (2004)

The profiles of the interaction of antimycobacterial drugs with macrophage (MPhi) antimicrobial mechanisms have yet to be elucidated in detail. We examined the effects of various antimycobacterial drugs on the anti-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) antimicrobial activity of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), especially of an H(2)O(2)-halogen (H(2)O(2)-Fe(2+)-NaI)-mediated bactericidal system, reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs), and free fatty acids (FFAs), which are known as central antimicrobial effectors of host MPhis against mycobacterial pathogens. We have found that certain drugs, such as rifampin (RIF), rifabutin (RFB), isoniazid (INH), clofazimine (CLO), and some fluoroquinolones, strongly or moderately reduced the anti-MAC activity of the H(2)O(2)-Fe(2+)-NaI system, primarily by inhibiting the generation of hypohalite ions and in part by interfering with the halogenation reaction of bacterial cell components due to the H(2)O(2)-Fe(2+)-NaI system. This phenomenon is specific to the H(2)O(2)-Fe(2+)-NaI system, since these drugs did not reduce the anti-MAC activity of RNIs and FFAs. From the perspective of the chemotherapy of MAC infections, the present findings indicate an important possibility that certain antimycobacterial drugs, such as rifamycins (RIF and RFB), INH, CLO, and also some types of fluoroquinolones, may interfere with the ROI-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms of host MPhis against intracellular MAC organisms.
Protein kinase C-dependent activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. (1996)

We have characterized the mechanism whereby a G protein-coupled receptor, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor, promotes cellular AA release via the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-D1) cells. Stimulation of cells with the receptor agonist epinephrine or with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA increased AA release in intact cells and the activity of PLA2 in subsequently prepared cell lysates. The effects of epinephrine were mediated by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors since they were blocked by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Epinephrine- and PMA-promoted AA release and activation of the PLA2 were inhibited by AACOCF3, an inhibitor of the 85-kD cPLA2. The 85-kD cPLA2 could be immunoprecipitated from the cell lysate using a specific anti-cPLA2 serum. Enhanced cPLA2 activity in cells treated with epinephrine or PMA could be recovered in such immunoprecipitates, thus directly demonstrating that alpha 1-adrenergic receptors activate the 85-kD cPLA2. Activation of cPLA2 in cell lysates by PMA or epinephrine could be reversed by treatment of lysates with exogenous phosphatase. In addition, both PMA and epinephrine induced a molecular weight shift, consistent with phosphorylation, as well as an increase in activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The time course of epinephrine-promoted activation of MAP kinase preceded that of the accumulation of released AA and correlated with the time course of cPLA2 activation. Down-regulation of PKC by overnight incubation of cells with PMA or inhibition of PKC with the PKC inhibitor sphingosine blocked the stimulation of MAP kinase by epinephrine and, correspondingly, epinephrine-promoted AA release was inhibited under these conditions. Similarly, blockade of MAP kinase stimulation by the MAP kinase cascade inhibitor PD098059 inhibited epinephrine-promoted AA release. The sensitivity to Ca2+ was similar, although the maximal activity of cPLA2 was enhanced by treatment of cells with epinephrine or PMA. The data thus demonstrate that in MDCK-D1 cells alpha 1-adrenergic receptors regulate AA release through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the 85-kD cPLA2 by MAP kinase subsequent to activation of PKC. This may represent a general mechanism by which G protein-coupled receptors stimulate AA release and formation of products of AA metabolism.
Molecular beam study of the mechanism of catalyzed hydrogen–deuterium exchange on platinum single crystal surfaces (1975)

The hydrogen–deuterium exchange reaction was studied by molecular beam scattering on low and high Miller index crystal faces of platinum in the surface temperature range of 300–1300°K. Under the condition of the experiments which put strict limitation on the residence time of the detected molecules, the reaction product, HD, was readily detectable from the high Miller index, stepped surfaces (integrated reaction probability, defined as total desorbed HD flux divided by D2 flux, is ∼10−1) while HD formation was below the limit of detectability on the Pt(111) low Miller index surface (reaction probability &lt;10−5). Atomic steps at the platinum surface must play a controlling role in dissociating the diatomic molecules. The exchange reaction is first-order in D2 beam pressure and half-order in H2 background pressure. This observation indicates that an atom–molecule reaction or possibly an atom–atom reaction is the rate-limiting step in the exchange. The absence of beam kinetic energy dependence of the rate indicates that the molecular adsorption does not require activation energy. The surface is able to store a sufficiently large concentration of atoms which react with the molecules by a two-branch mechanism. The rate constants for this two-branch mechanism were determined under conditions of constant H atom coverage, reducing the bimolecular reaction to a pseudo-first-order reaction. At lower temperatures (&lt;600°K) the rate constant for the exchange is k1 = (2±1) ×105 exp(−4.5±0.5 kcal/RT) sec−1. The rate determining step appears to be the diffusion of the D2 molecule on the surface to a step site where HD is formed via a three-center (atom–molecule) reaction, or via a two-center (atom–atom) reaction subsequent to D2 dissociation at the step. At higher temperatures (≳600°K) the reaction between an adsorbed H atom and an incident D2 gas molecule competes with the low temperature branch. The rate constant for this branch is k2 = (1±2) ×102 exp(−0.6±0.3 kcal/RT) sec−1. The catalyst action of the platinum surface for the exchange reaction is due to its ability to adsorb and dissociate hydrogen molecules with low activation energy and to store atomic hydrogen on the surface thereby converting the gas phase molecule–molecule reaction to an atom–molecule or atom–atom reaction of low activation energy.
Using holography to increase the light output efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode—angular, wavelength, and near-field effects (2005)

The authors propose the use of holograms to modify both sides of the substrate of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) to increase its light output efficiency and to discuss the associated angular, spectral, and near-field effects. A single-source macroscopic phase hologram experiment is used to illustrate the idea. Since the emitted light originates from dynamically varying positions with different directions and has wavelengths longer than the nanometer layer thickness of an OLED, the angular, wavelength, and near-field effects have been analyzed. Diffraction efficiency due to the dynamic density and position variations of the excitons has been discussed. The subwavelength near-field wave propagation effect is described with finite-difference time domain solutions to Maxwell's equations. These effects are not limited to the holographic method, but should exist in other substrate-modification methods proposed for increasing the OLED's external light efficiency.
Mild alkaline hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin enhances its mitogencity for murine B cells (1977)

Mild alkaline hydrolysis was found to enhance the mitogenicity of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin for murine B lymphocytes. Alkaline treated lipopolysaccharide also retained its property as a polyclonal activator. Whereas this treatment reduced the lethality of endotoxin for mice, its toxicity for lymphocytes cultured in the absence of fetal calf serum was increased. Lipid analysis indicated that there were no significant changes in the fatty acids of lipid A, but particle size was significantly reduced and the material was more homogeneous and soluble than untreated lipopolysaccharide. The relationship of these effect on the structure of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin to the mechanism of B-lymphocyte activation is discussed.
Multi-Objective Reinforced Evolution in Mobile Neural Architecture Search (2019)

Fabricating neural models for a wide range of mobile devices demands for a specific design of networks due to highly constrained resources. Both evolution algorithms (EA) and reinforced learning methods (RL) have been dedicated to solve neural architecture search problems. However, these combinations usually concentrate on a single objective such as the error rate of image classification. They also fail to harness the very benefits from both sides. In this paper, we present a new multi-objective oriented algorithm called MoreMNAS (Multi-Objective Reinforced Evolution in Mobile Neural Architecture Search) by leveraging good virtues from both EA and RL. In particular, we incorporate a variant of multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II, in which the search space is composed of various cells so that crossovers and mutations can be performed at the cell level. Moreover, reinforced control is mixed with a natural mutating process to regulate arbitrary mutation, maintaining a delicate balance between exploration and exploitation. Therefore, not only does our method prevent the searched models from degrading during the evolution process, but it also makes better use of learned knowledge. Our experiments conducted in Super-resolution domain (SR) deliver rivalling models compared to some state-of-the-art methods with fewer FLOPS.
<p>Chronic chemotherapy with paclitaxel nanoparticles induced apoptosis in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo</p> (2019)

PTX-NPs exhibited the most effective antitumor activity and reduced liver damage at 15 HALO through upregulation of Per2 expression to induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
Indentation Studies on Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> ‐Stabilized ZrO <sub>2</sub> : I, Development of Indentation‐Induced Cracks (1994)

The development of Vickers indent‐induced tracks with increasing indent load has been studied in two Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilizel ZrO 2 ceramics. Such cracks form as radial or Palmqvist cracks at low loads, assume “kidney” shapes at intermediate loads, and finally form median (half‐penny) cracks at high loads. The plastic zone directly beneath the indent is uncracked; a significant portion of the plasticity induced by indentation occurs by martensitic transformation.
Improving QPSK demodulator performance for quadrature receiver with information from amplitude and phase imbalance correction (2002)

In communication receivers, the gain and phase inbalance between the inphase and quadrature (I&Q) channels can cause serious degradation in receiver performance. Consider the problem of jointly estimating the four parameters of the received I&Q signals: the amplitude imbalance, the DC offset for each channel, and the phase onsets between the I&Q channels. Using a Fourier series expansion of the received data, the equations for least square estimation based on the measured I&Q data in a loop back mode are derived. The estimated parameters are then used for the correction of the data and the improvement of the BER performance. Examples are given for the compensation of amplitude and phase imbalance in a QPSK receiver and higher order modulation.
Are public service media distinctive from the market? Interpreting the political information environments of BBC and commercial news in the United Kingdom (2021)

Public service media face an existential crisis. Many governments are cutting their budgets, while questioning the role and value of public service broadcasting because many citizens now have access to a wide range of media. This raises the question – do public service media supply a distinctive and informative news service compared to market-led media? Drawing on the concept of political information environment, this study makes an intervention into debates by carrying out a comparative content analysis of news produced by UK public service broadcasters and market-driven media across television, radio and online outlets (N = 1065) and interviewing senior editors about the routine selection of news. It found that almost all BBC news and commercial public service media platforms reported more news about politics, public affairs and international issues than entirely market-driven outlets. Online BBC news reported more informative topics than market-based media, which featured more entertainment and celebrity stories. The value of public service media was demonstrated on the United Kingdom’s nightly television news bulletins, which shone a light on the world not often reported, especially BBC News at Ten. Most market-driven media reported through a UK prism, excluding many countries and international issues. Overall, it is argued that the influence of public service media in the United Kingdom helps shape an information environment with informative news. The focus of the study is on UK media, but the conceptual application of interpreting a political information environment is designed to be relevant for scholars internationally. While communication studies have sought to advance more cross-national studies in recent years, this can limit how relevant studies are for debates in national political information environments. This study concludes by recommending more scholarly attention should be paid to theorising national policy dynamics that shape the political information environments of media systems within nations.