gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Extended AE-Rich N-Terminal Trunk in Secreted Pineapple Cystatin Enhances Inhibition of Fruit Bromelain and Is Posttranslationally Removed during Ripening     (2009)

Phytocystatins are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases and have been shown to participate in senescence, seed and organ biogenesis, and plant defense. However, phytocystatins are generally poor inhibitors of the cysteine protease, bromelain, of pineapple (Ananas comosus). Here, we demonstrated that pineapple cystatin, AcCYS1, inhibited (>95%) stem and fruit bromelain. AcCYS1 is a unique cystatin in that it contains an extended N-terminal trunk (NTT) of 63 residues rich in alanine and glutamate. A signal peptide preceding the NTT is processed in vitro by microsomal membranes giving rise to a 27-kD species. AcCYS1 mRNA was present in roots and leaves but was most abundant in fruit. Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with an AcCYS1-specific antiserum, AcCYS1 was found in the apoplasm. Immunoblot analysis identified a 27-kD protein in fruit, roots, and leaves and a 15-kD species in mature ripe fruit. Ripe fruit extracts proteolytically removed the NTT of 27-kD AcCYS1 in vitro to produce the 15-kD species. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to map the primary cleavage site immediately after a conserved critical glycine-94. The AE-rich NTT was required to inhibit fruit and stem bromelain (>95%), whereas its removal decreased inhibition to 20% (fruit) and 80% (stem) and increased the dissociation equilibrium constant by 1.8-fold as determined by surface plasmon resonance assays. We propose that proteolytic removal of the NTT results in the decrease of the inhibitory potency of AcCYS1 against fruit bromelain during fruit ripening to increase tissue proteolysis, softening, and degradation.
Phase Ia trial of murine immunoglobulin A antitransferrin receptor antibody 42/6. (1995)

In preclinical in vitro and in vivo systems, mAbs to human transferrin (Tf) receptors blocked iron uptake from Tf and showed antitumor activity. However, Tf receptors are also displayed by normal tissues, and a large, soluble pool of circulating serum Tf receptors has been detected. We report results of a Phase Ia trial of IgA monoclonal anti-Tf receptor antibody 42/6. Twenty-seven patients with advanced refractory cancer received 33 treatments with 42/6 administered as a 24-h infusion at doses ranging from 2.5 to 300 mg/m2. 42/6 was generally well tolerated, although one patient receiving a second treatment experienced an allergic-type response associated with a human antimouse antibody response. Three patients with hematological cancers showed mixed tumor responses; there were no partial or complete remissions. Peak serum levels of antibody were obtained at the termination of the 24-h infusion. At doses >/=25 mg/m2, there was a linear relationship between the 42/6 dose and average peak serum 42/6 levels ranging from <1 to 36 microgram/ml. Serum Tf receptors showed a dose-dependent decrease during 42/6 infusion to 20-30% of baseline, and remained depressed for at least 48 h after terminating the infusion. Serum 42/6 levels rose in an inverse relationship to the drop in Tf receptors. 42/6 induced an increase in serum iron and Tf saturation consistent with blockade of peripheral iron uptake, and reduced Tf receptor display by bone marrow cells. Human antimouse antibody was detected in nine patients. Anti-Tf receptor antibody was well tolerated and mediated in vivo effects on iron uptake and Tf display. Antibody concentrations capable of inhibiting malignant blood cell growth were obtained without toxicity. This represents the first clinical trial of an IgA mouse mAb, and one of only a few trials in which an antibody reacting with a broad range of normal tissues has been administered. Additional clinical trials of anti-Tf receptor antibodies in blood cell cancers are indicated.
The termination of human pregnancy with prostaglandin analogs. (1975)

The investigational use of prostaglandins to establish a safe, alternative method for the termination of pregnancy has shown significant development in the United States. The introduction of second generation compounds was initiated by chemically attaching a methyl group in the 15 carbon position of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha. These compounds prevented enzymatic degradation by the enzyme prostaglandin 15 dehydrogenase. (15S)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester administered by intramuscular injection has been used successfully to therapeutically terminate pregnancy in 208 women of gestational age six through 20 weeks. Side effects, not major and considered acceptable by the investigator, were vomiting, diarrhea and temperature elevations associated with shaking and chills. (15S)-15 methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (THAM), administered by intramuscular injection, has been used to terminate pregnancy in 283 women. Efficacy rates under optimal dosage regimens have reached 100% with a complete abortion rate of 96%. Gastrointestinal side effects of vomiting and diarrhea occurred, but temperature elevations with associated shaking and chills were infrequent. The mean time from initial therapy to abortion with both compounds has remained under 16 hours. A route of drug therapy for therapeutic termination of human pregnancy has been explored and developed which avoids invasion of the uterus.
High-Flow Nasal Interface Improves Oxygenation in Patients Undergoing Bronchoscopy (2012)

During bronchoscopy hypoxemia is commonly found and oxygen supply can be delivered by interfaces fed with high gas flows. Recently, the high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been introduced for oxygen therapy in adults, but they have not been used so far during bronchoscopy in adults. Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups receiving oxygen: 40 L/min through a Venturi mask (V40, N = 15), nasal cannula (N40, N = 15), and 60 L/min through a nasal cannula (N60, N = 15) during bronchoscopy. Gas exchange and circulatory variables were sampled before (FiO(2) = 0.21), at the end of bronchoscopy (FiO(2) = 0.5), and thereafter (V40, FiO(2) = 0.35). In 8 healthy volunteers oxygen was randomly delivered according to V40, N40, and N60 settings, and airway pressure was measured. At the end of bronchoscopy, N60 presented higher PaO(2), PaO(2)/FiO(2), and SpO(2) than V40 and N40 that did not differ between them. In the volunteers (N60) median airway pressure amounted to 3.6 cmH(2)O. Under a flow rate of 40 L/min both the Venturi mask and HFNC behaved similarly, but nasal cannula associated with a 60 L/min flow produced the better results, thus indicating its use in mild respiratory dysfunctions.
Synergistic effect of a novel antiandrogen, VN/124-1, and signal transduction inhibitors in prostate cancer progression to hormone independence <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

This study was carried out to determine the mechanisms associated with loss of androgen dependency and disease progression in prostate cancer. We investigated the role of the androgen receptor and its relationship to other signal transduction proteins. A hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line [high-passage LNCaP (HP-LNCaP)] was established in vitro. Cells were treated with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin and tyrosine kinase receptors. Expression of these proteins and the androgen receptor were measured by Western immunoblotting. Analysis of the model and various treatments was also assessed through proliferation assays, luciferase activation assays, binding assays, and ELISA. Our novel antiandrogen, VN/124-1, effectively inhibited proliferation of hormone-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (HP-LNCaP), which were no longer sensitive to bicalutamide and had increased expression of the androgen receptor. Treatment with everolimus or gefitinib resulted in an increase in protein expression and activation of the androgen receptor. Conversely, inhibition of the androgen receptor resulted in increased expression of IGFR1beta, pHER2, pmTOR, and pAkt. The addition of bicalutamide to everolimus or gefitinib inhibited cell proliferation in HP-LNCaP cells. However, the addition of VN/124-1 has proven to be superior to bicalutamide, and the combination was synergistic (P<0.05) compared with either agent alone. This study suggests that compensatory cross-talk between the androgen receptor and various signaling pathways may account for decreased sensitivity to androgen receptor antagonists and the progression to hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Furthermore, these findings suggest that inhibition of both pathways may provide effective control in hormone-resistant prostate cancer and restore sensitivity to androgen antagonists in hormone-refractory patients.
Morphological and pathologic changes of experimental chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） and the regulating mechanism of protein expression in rats (2006)

客观：学习病理学的变化；在房间增长的分子的规定；在有长期的衰退胃炎(CAG ) 的老鼠的胃的 mucosa 的 apoptosis，；评估可能的机制。方法：老鼠与 60% 酒精或 2% 水杨酸盐钠被管理， 20 mmol/L deoxycholate 钠；建立长期的衰退胃炎(CAG ) 的 0.1% 氨水当模特儿。胃的标本与苏木色素为显微镜的看法作好准备；曙红(他) ；alcian 蓝色(A-B ) 污点。渗入的煽动性的房间的数字， mucosa 腺层(μ m ) 的厚度；胃的腺的数字是计算的。在有侵蚀或溃疡的 mucosa 的障碍的损坏，；粘蛋白的厚度被扫描电子显微镜(SEM ) 检验。PGE2 的层次， EGF (epiderminal 生长因素) ；在浆液的 gastrin 与放射性免疫测定或 ELISA 方法被测量。免疫组织化学方法被用来观察 G 房间的数字， EGFR (EGF 受体) 的蛋白质的表示， C-erbB-2， p53， p16；在胃的织物的 bel-2。结果：在 SEM 观察下面，胃的 mucosa 是传播侵蚀或溃疡；粘蛋白的厚度被减少。与正常老鼠相比，在 CAG 老鼠的煽动性的房间渗入的等级被提高，而厚度；胃的腺的数字显著地更低(P<0.05 ) 。与正常水平相比(0.61 ± 0 .28 )μ g /L，在 CAG (2.24 ± 0 .83 ) 的 EGF μ g /L 显著地更高(P<0.05 ) 。PGE2 的层次；在浆液的 gastrin 在正常老鼠(P<0.05 ) 比那在 CAG 老鼠是显著地更低的。Immunohistochemistry 察觉证明在窦的 G 房间的数字在 CAG 组(P<0.05 ) 是更低的。免疫污点显示出 EGFR 蛋白质表示在基础；双边的膜，；细胞质一在里面衰退的胃的腺，当否定表示在正常胃的上皮的房间被观察时。p53 的积极染色；p16 蛋白质在上皮的房间的原子核是局部性的。前者断然更高在衰退的腺被表示，当时以后断然更高在正常胃的组织被染色。bel-2 蛋白质断然在细胞质被染色一在里面衰退的胃的腺，当时很微弱地在正常胃的织物染色了。结论：在胃的腺的病理学的调查结
Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features and historic sites (2006)

A placename is often much more than just a label. A name may bespeak the history of a nation, the culture of a people, or the hopes of an individual. Such connections are revealed in this extensive alphabetical reference to placenames of the world, which offers an in-depth look at the origins of each. First published in 1997, the work in this new edition contains over 7,000 entries, including 1,000 new placenames from previously under-represented areas such as China and Japan. Entries cover natural features such as mountains, rivers and lakes as well as manmade entities such as cities and countries. Each entry includes the name of the feature; a brief description and its geographical location; and the origin of the name with relevant historical, biographical and topographical details. Appendices give the meanings of common elements of non-English placenames (e.g., Abu, as in Abu Dhabi, means father of); major placenames in European languages (e.g., Pays-Bas and Paesi Bassi are the French and Italian names, respectively, for what English speakers call the Netherlands); and transcribed Chinese-language equivalents for the names of the world's countries and capitals.
Preformed Catalysts and Techniques of Tableting (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreformed Catalysts and Techniques of TabletingWm. D. StillwellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 2, 245–249Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50566a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50566a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Iterative Sequential Action Control for Stable, Model-Based Control of Nonlinear Systems (2018)

This paper presents iterative sequential action control (iSAC), a receding horizon approach for control of nonlinear systems. The iSAC method has a closed-form open-loop solution, which is iteratively updated between time steps by introducing constant control values applied for short duration. Application of a contractive constraint on the cost is shown to lead to closed-loop asymptotic stability under mild assumptions. The effect of asymptotically decaying disturbances on system trajectories is also examined. To demonstrate the applicability of iSAC, we employ a variety of systems and conditions, including a 13-dimensional quaternion-based quadrotor and NASA's Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) spacecraft. Each system is tested in different scenarios, ranging from feasible and infeasible trajectory tracking to setpoint stabilization, with or without the presence of external disturbances. Finally, limitations of this paper are discussed.
The anterior cruciate ligament: radiographic and clinical signs of successful and unsuccessful repairs. (1982)

Our ten-year observation of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in an active athlete population shows that radiographic evidence of instability and joint deterioration are reliable clinical signs. Radiographic findings in the rotatory unstable knee are subtle six months after injury, but on standard roentgenographic views, which include the notch view, they appear in a sequential order from peaking of the intercondylar tubercles to buttressing osteophytosis. These are objective signs of progressive deterioration that should be a warning to the patient. The early and progressive radiographic signs portend further deterioration if stability is not obtained by restriction of activities, bracing, or reconstruction. Physicians and sports injury specialists should recognize these findings early and offer counsel to the patient at risk.
The nonenzymatic template-directed ligation of oligonucleotides (2006)

Abstract. The nonenzymatic template-directed ligation of oligonucleotides containing 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate was investigated in the presence of divalent cations. Ligation of the oligonucleotides readily occurred in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+. Efficacy of the metal ion catalysts inversely correlated with pKa values of the metal-bound water molecules. The intermolecular transesterification reaction yielded at least 95metal ion. Relatively high reaction yields (up to 15fragmentation to oligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphates, followed by reactions of those oligonucleotides could provide a source of new RNA molecules under prebiotic conditions.
Disassembly Factories for Electrical and Electronic Products To Recover Resources in Product and Material Cycles (2003)

Cycle economy as a paradigm for industry in the 21st century depends on the economical and ecological treatment of limited resources. The objective is to achieve more use with fewer resources to increase the use-productivity of these resources. The European Union, aware of the adverse environmental impacts associated with electrical and electronic consumer goods in particular, has passed legislation regulating their appropriate end-of-life treatment. Adaptation processes, including essential disassembly and re-assembly operations, contribute significantly toward the economical fulfillment of these new legal requirements. Typically, the disassembly of used products is characterized by a high rate of manual operations, wide variety of product types, and unknown product properties. To cope with such demands, life cycle units or product accompanying information systems, are being developed and used for acquiring data about a specific product throughout its life cycle to aid in determining the level of product deterioration. Modular disassembly processes and tools have been developed and realized to enable the handling of multiple productvariants. They are being implemented in prototypical hybrid disassembly systemsfor large- and small-size electrical and electronic consumer goods.
Digital pattern recognition-based image analysis quantifies immune infiltrates in distinct tissue regions of colorectal cancer and identifies a metastatic phenotype (2013)

By combining immunohistochemistry with DPRIA, we demonstrate a potential metastatic phenotype in CRC. Our study accelerates wider acceptance and use of automated systems as an adjunct to traditional histopathological techniques.
Preliminary Studies (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreliminary StudiesLeo Garwin and Arthur N. HixsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 10, 2298–2303Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50478a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50478a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Labile Ferroelastic Nanodomains in Bilayered Ferroelectric Thin Films (2009)

Bilayered Pb(Zr(1–x),Tix)O3 ferroelectric thin film heterostructures show complex ferroelastic nanodomain patterns. These ferroelastic nanodomains exist only in the upper layer, and hence are able to move under the application of an external electric field. Quantitative analysis reveals an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of ≈220 pm V−1, rendering them attractive for a variety of electromechanical devices.
Unique cleavage specificity of ‘prohormone thiol protease’ related to proenkephalin processing (1994)

'Prohormone thiol protease' (PTP) represents the major enkephalin precursor processing activity in chromaffin granules. In this study, cleavage specificity of PTP for paired basic and monobasic residues was examined with a series of model peptide-MCA (-methylcoumarinamide) substrates. Monobasic peptides were cleaved at the COOH- and NH2-terminal sides of the single basic residue. Dibasic peptides, however, were preferentially cleaved at the NH2-terminal side of the pair, or between the two basic residues, with low cleavage at the COOH-terminal side of the pair. Inhibition by the peptide inhibitor (D-Tyr)-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-CH2Cl provided further evidence for PTP's specificity for the dibasic Lys-Arg site. Inhibition by Z-Leu-Val-Gly-CHN2 and Z-Arg-Leu-Val-Gly-CHN2 suggests involvement of Val-Gly in substrate binding to PTP; these two cystatin C-related inhibitors also indicate PTP as a cysteine protease. These results demonstrate PTP's unique cleavage specificity that differs from other processing endopeptidases, including the subtilisin-related proprotein convertases, PC1/PC3, and PC2, as well as the pituitary proopiomelanocortin-converting enzyme, PCE. This study provides further evidence for PTP as a novel prohormone processing enzyme that belongs to the class of cysteine proteases.
Effect of Vitamin K-dependent Protein Precursor Propeptide, Vitamin K Hydroquinone, and Glutamate Substrate Binding on the Structure and Function of γ-Glutamyl Carboxylase (2010)

The γ-glutamyl carboxylase utilizes four substrates to catalyze carboxylation of certain glutamic acid residues in vitamin K-dependent proteins. How the enzyme brings the substrates together to promote catalysis is an important question in understanding the structure and function of this enzyme. The propeptide is the primary binding site of the vitamin K-dependent proteins to carboxylase. It is also an effector of carboxylase activity. We tested the hypothesis that binding of substrates causes changes to the carboxylase and in turn to the substrate-enzyme interactions. In addition we investigated how the sequences of the propeptides affected the substrate-enzyme interaction. To study these questions we employed fluorescently labeled propeptides to measure affinity for the carboxylase. We also measured the ability of several propeptides to increase carboxylase catalytic activity. Finally we determined the effect of substrates: vitamin K hydroquinone, the pentapeptide FLEEL, and NaHCO(3), on the stability of the propeptide-carboxylase complexes. We found a wide variation in the propeptide affinities for carboxylase. In contrast, the propeptides tested had similar effects on carboxylase catalytic activity. FLEEL and vitamin K hydroquinone both stabilized the propeptide-carboxylase complex. The two together had a greater effect than either alone. We conclude that the effect of propeptide and substrates on carboxylase controls the order of substrate binding in such a way as to ensure efficient, specific carboxylation.
Catalyst-free growth of mono- and few-atomic-layer boron nitride sheets by chemical vapor deposition (2011)

Boron nitride (BN) is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a structure analogous to graphite. Mono- and few-atomic-layer BN sheets have been grown on silicon substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of BF(3)-H(2)-N(2) without using any catalysts. Growth of the BN sheets can be ascribed to the etching effects of the fluorine-containing gases and the thickness control down to mono- and few-atomic-layers was realized by decreasing the concentrations of BF(3) and H(2) in N(2). A large decrease of the BF(3) and H(2) concentrations was achieved by increasing the gas flow rate of N(2) and keeping the BF(3) and H(2) flow rates constant and the mono- and few-atomic-layered BN sheets were obtained at the BF(3), H(2) and N(2) flow rates of 3, 10, and 1200 sccm. The present mono- and few-atomic-layer BN sheets are promising for applications in catalyst supports, composites, gas adsorption, nanoelectronics, etc.