gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate-controlled band positions in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>perovskite films (2014)

Using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface band positions of solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films deposited on an insulating substrate (Al2O3), various n-type (TiO2, ZrO2, ZnO, and F:SnO2 (FTO)) substrates, and various p-type (PEDOT:PSS, NiO, and Cu2O) substrates are studied. Many-body GW calculations of the valence band density of states, with spin-orbit interactions included, show a clear correspondence with our experimental spectra and are used to confirm our assignment of the valence band maximum. These surface-sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy measurements result in shifting of the CH3NH3PbI3 valence band position relative to the Fermi energy as a function of substrate type, where the valence band to Fermi energy difference reflects the substrate type (insulating-, n-, or p-type). Specifically, the insulating- and n-type substrates increase the CH3NH3PbI3 valence band to Fermi energy difference to the extent of pinning the conduction band to the Fermi level; whereas, the p-type substrates decrease the valence band to Fermi energy difference. This observation implies that the substrate's properties enable control over the band alignment of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin-film devices, potentially allowing for new device architectures as well as more efficient devices.
Accelerating Optimization via Adaptive Prediction (2015)

We present a powerful general framework for designing data-dependent optimization algorithms, building upon and unifying recent techniques in adaptive regularization, optimistic gradient predictions, and problem-dependent randomization. We first present a series of new regret guarantees that hold at any time and under very minimal assumptions, and then show how different relaxations recover existing algorithms, both basic as well as more recent sophisticated ones. Finally, we show how combining adaptivity, optimism, and problem-dependent randomization can guide the design of algorithms that benefit from more favorable guarantees than recent state-of-the-art methods.
The ULowell dataflow project (1989)

The ULowell Data Flow Project combines dataflow hardware, dataflow software, and a data flow development environment. The hardware component, a data flow coprocessor card, utilizes seven NEC 7281 Image Pipelined Processors. Each chip models a static dataflow computation and is programmable. The coprocessor was designed and implemented by ULowell personnel and uses an AMIGA 2000 as a host. The software component currently consists of a library of data flow image processing algorithms and an evolving software development environment. Currently the image processing library includes typical imaging operations such as: edge enhancement, filtering, histogramming, and affine transformation. The software development environment (SDE) is depicted in Figure 1. The SDE contains a Data Flow Graph Editor which programmers use to design their data flow code. The data flow algorithm can then be converted directly into NEC data flow assembly code which is then assembled using the ULowell Data Flow Assembler. The assembler differs from NEC's assembler in that it can produce relocatable code. The object code output of the assembler is given to the Data Flow Resource Manager. The resource manager monitors the available resources within the chips. Thus, if a single process does not totally utilize a chip's table space or memory, then a second process may be concurrently loaded onto the same chip. The ability to have multiple data flow processes coexisting within a single chip is unique to the ULowell environment. The data flow resource manager can download and monitor code to either the hardware or to a software simulator/debugger. The simulator/debugger can monitor and trace data flow tokens as they proceed through the chip. Output of the simulator/debugger can be fed back into the data flow graph editior to visually trace token flow through the original program design. The last component of our SDE is a High Level Language translator which can compile programs written in SISAL, a high level language for parallel computation, down to NEC 7281 assembly language. We have already implemented the relocatable assembler, and the data flow resource manager. Prototype versions of the high level translator, simulator/debugger and graph/editor are currently being implemented.
New widely tunable edge-emitting laser diodes at 1.55 μm developed in the European IST-project NEWTON (2005)

Widely tunable lasers are generally considered as the transmitters of future WDM optical communications. Electronically tunable edge-emitting laser diodes are of particular interest as they can switch the wavelength in tens of nanoseconds and thus offer great potential for new networking concepts such as optical packet or burst switching, label switching, bandwidth on demand, ... In this paper we discuss new concepts for such widely tunable laser diodes which are studied in the framework of the European IST project NEWTON (NEw Widely Tunable laser diodes for Optical Networks).
Direct detection of bacteria in cellular blood products using bacterial ribosomal RNA‐directed probes coupled to electrochemiluminescence (1999)

Various techniques for detecting bacteria in blood products exist; however, none has been widely accepted. Our method permits direct bacterial detection in both platelet concentrates (PC) and packed red blood cells (RBC). This novel procedure targets bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) but does not utilize culture or nucleic acid amplification. The assay comprises five steps: (1) release of bacterial rRNA by cell lysis with a combination of detergents and high heat; (2) hybridization of bacterial rRNA using a biotin- and a ruthenium (ORIGEN)-labelled oligonucleotide probe pair; (3) capture of labelled rRNA with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads; (4) concentration of labelled rRNA/bead complexes out of solution and onto an electrode surface with a magnet; (5) detection of ruthenium-labelled bacterial rRNA by application of voltage and consequent generation of the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal. Results using PC and RBC samples, spiked with clinically relevant gram-negative and -positive bacterial species, consistently demonstrated a linear relationship between ECL signal (equates to rRNA level) and colony forming units (CFU) mL(-1). Signals were generated in the range of 1400-80000 and 3500-500000 ECL units for unwashed and washed samples, respectively. This is equivalent to 10(5)-10(8)CFU mL(-1). These data demonstrate that therapeutic blood products significantly contaminated with bacteria may be identified prior to issue.
Discovery of Orally Active Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonists. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of a Hyperdynamic Murine Model of Resuscitated Sepsis Using Echocardiography (2001)

A small animal model of sepsis that reproduces the vasodilation, hypotension, increased cardiac output, and response to treatment seen in patients with septic shock would be useful for studies of pathophysiology and treatment, but no current models replicate all of these features. Mice were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture and resuscitated with fluids and antibiotics every 6 h. Blood pressure was measured in anesthetized mice with manometric catheters, and echocardiography was performed in these animals every 6 h. Survival in treated septic mice was improved compared with untreated mice (44% versus 0%, p < 0.01). In control mice, heart rate (HR, 420 +/- 31 beats/min), mean arterial pressure (Pa, 100 +/- 8 mm Hg), stroke volume (SV, 26 +/- 4 microl), and cardiac output (12.5 +/- 6.6 ml/min) were unchanged over 48 h. In septic mice Pa was significantly decreased (102 +/- 14 to 65 +/- 19 mm Hg, p < 0.02), starting at 12 h. HR and cardiac output increased significantly (HR, 407 +/- 70 to 524 +/- 76 beats/min, cardiac output, 11.6 +/- 2.0 to 17.1 +/- 1.5 ml/min, p < 0.01). SV (24 +/- 5 microl) remained constant. This fluid-resuscitated, antibiotic-treated model replicates the mortality, hypotension, and hyperdynamic state seen in clinical sepsis. Precise determination of serial hemodynamics in this model may be useful to elucidate pathophysiologic mechanisms and to evaluate new therapies for septic shock.
Mitigating Environmental Effects on Free-Space Laser Communications (2005)

Robust link margin stability is critical to maintaining successful laser communications at long range through the atmosphere. Laser power impinging on the receiver must sufficiently exceed all noise for adequate link closure and bit determination. Losses associated with statistical terms can heavily reduce received signal power, which will cause the bit error rate (BER) to rise. A high BER can lead to unacceptable data loss. Large statistical losses are manifested in platform jitter, and atmospheric scintillation. It is essential for system performance that these combined losses are represented as accurately as possible. A detailed picture of system dynamics is achieved through combining numerical simulation of these two terms and including the mitigating influence of forward error correction (FEC) and interleaving. Trade space analysis is performed that incorporates platform jitter, atmospheric fades and various FEC-interleaver combinations. A sensitivity analysis is shown that illustrates the affects of various signal to noise ratios (SNR) on BER and how link efficiency can be increased through these mitigating techniques. FEC-interleaver combinations show a two order of magnitude decrease in BER when implemented.
The Leicester Cough Monitor: preliminary validation of an automated cough detection system in chronic cough (2008)

Chronic cough is a common condition that presents to both primary and secondary care. Assessment and management are hampered by the absence of well-validated outcome measures. The present study comprises the validation of the Leicester Cough Monitor (LCM), an automated sound-based ambulatory cough monitor. Cough frequency was measured with the LCM and compared with coughs and other sounds counted manually over 2 h of a 6-h recording by two observers in nine patients with chronic cough in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the LCM. Automated cough frequency was also compared with manual counts from one observer in 15 patients with chronic cough and eight healthy subjects. All subjects underwent 6-h recordings. A subgroup consisting of six control and five patients with stable chronic cough underwent repeat automated measurements > or = 3 months apart. A further 50 patients with chronic cough underwent 24-h automated cough monitoring. The LCM had a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 99%, respectively, for detecting cough and a false-positive rate of 2.5 events x h(-1). Mean+/-SEM automated cough counts x patient x h(-1) was 48+/-9 in patients with chronic cough and 2+/-1 in the control group (mean difference 46 counts x patient x h(-1); 95% confidence interval (CI) 20-71). The automated cough counts were repeatable (intra-subject SD 11.4 coughs x patient x h(-1); intra-class correlation coefficient 0.9). The cough frequency in patients undergoing 24-h automated monitoring was 19 coughs x patient x h(-1); daytime (08:00-22:00 h) cough frequency was significantly greater than overnight cough frequency (25 versus 10 coughs x patient x h(-1); mean difference 15 coughs x patient x h(-1), 95% CI 8-22). The Leicester Cough Monitor is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess 24-h cough frequency in patients with cough. It should be a useful tool to assess patients with cough in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> stress measurements of gold films on glass substrates during thermal cycling (1991)

The stress of thin (100 nm) gold films grown by electron-beam deposition onto cover-glass substrates was measured dynamically during heating and cooling cycles between room temperature and 500 °C. The initial tensile stress, 82 MPa of the as-deposited films increased slowly with temperature up to about 300 MPa at 375 °C, and then decreased to 120 MPa on further heating to 500 °C. When the film was cooled from 500 °C back to room temperature, the final film stress became compressive (−50 MPa). A transmission electron microscope study has shown that when the temperature is raised above ∼370 °C, which is the eutectic temperature of the gold–silicon binary alloy, an interfacial reaction started between the gold film and the glass substrate. This interfacial reaction can account for the stress relaxation occurring at the high temperatures.
Video and design (1989)

Four relations between video and design are identified. One, the role of video in support of the activity of design, is explored in some detail. It is asserted that more than one of these relations is present in the usual situation.
From formal numerical solutions of elliptic PDE's to the true ones (1999)

We propose a discretization scheme for a numerical solution of elliptic PDE's, based on local representation of functions, by their Taylor polynomials (jets). This scheme utilizes jet calculus to provide a very high order of accuracy for a relatively small number of unknowns involved.
Permutation Groups (1999)

Permutation groups are one of the oldest topics in algebra. However, their study has recently been revolutionised by new developments, particularly the classification of finite simple groups, but also relations with logic and combinatorics, and importantly, computer algebra systems have been introduced that can deal with large permutation groups. This book gives a summary of these developments, including an introduction to relevant computer algebra systems, sketch proofs of major theorems, and many examples of applying the classification of finite simple groups. It is aimed at beginning graduate students and experts in other areas, and grew from a short course at the EIDMA institute in Eindhoven.
Polymer–leather composites. II. Kinetics of the deposition of selected acrylate monomers by polymerization into chrome-tanned cattlehide (1980)

Limited kinetic information on a convenient process for depositing polymer in 5-oz cattlehide is presented in this article. The work includes a systematic study of the total polymerization rate and of the derived rates of deposition into the fibrous matrix, of bound polymer formation, and of polymer production in the external aqueous phase (the float) for three acrylic monomers. The monomers used, with a persulfate–bisulfite redox initiating system at 27°C, were methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and a fixed mixture of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (BA + MMA). The effects of the reaction variables on rate, as measured by their intensity exponents, were not in agreement with a rate expression proposed to describe grafting in homogeneous polymerization, nor were they wholly compatible with classical and modified Smith–Ewart theories for heterogeneous emulsion polymerization. The experimental behavior, however, was in harmony with self-nucleation in the aqueous phase. Exponential orders of dependence were initiator > 0.5 (MMA, 0.72; BA + MMA, 0.66); monomer, zero; surfactant, ∼0.5. The approximately 0.6 order dependence (MMA, 0.9) on leather amount was shown to be largely apparent and to decline as total polymerization proceeded. Thus a dominant grafting reaction was not supported. In support of this conclusion, simple impregnation of the matrix with preformed emulsion polymer yielded the same amount of bound polymer as that formed in situ. It was concluded that monomer is initiated largely from active centers formed initially near fibers or fibrils to form embryo polymer particles, which join penetrating swollen polymer particles and become unstable. These nucleate a polymer front, containing occluded radicals, which grows by diffusion regulated transport of monomer to complete deposition.
Ga-doped ZnO transparent electrodes with TiO2 blocking layer/nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells (2012)

Ga-doped ZnO [GZO] thin films were employed for the transparent electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [DSSCs]. The electrical property of the deposited GZO films was as good as that of commercially used fluorine-doped tin oxide [FTO]. In order to protect the GZO and enhance the photovoltaic properties, a TiO2 blocking layer was deposited on the GZO surface. Then, TiO2 nanoparticles were coated on the blocking layer, and dye was attached for the fabrication of DSSCs. The fabricated DSSCs with the GZO/TiO2 glasses showed an enhanced conversion efficiency of 4.02% compared to the devices with the normal GZO glasses (3.36%). Furthermore, they showed better characteristics even than those using the FTO glasses, which can be attributed to the reduced charge recombination and series resistance.
Pharmacology and mechanisms of opioid analgesic activity (1997)

Opiates by an action at specific receptors can induce a highly selective alteration in the response of humans and animals to strong and otherwise aversive chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli. Specific investigations in a variety of species from rodent to primate using microinjection techniques to examine the pharmacology of local drug action have shown potent antinociceptive actions to be mediated by a receptor specific action at a number of sites within the brain, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG: mu receptor), the rostral ventral medulla (mu/delta receptor) and the substantia nigra (mu receptor) and within the spinal dorsal horn (mu/delta/kappa receptor). Mechanistic studies have shown these actions in the different sites to be mediated by several discrete mechanisms. For example, in the PAG, the local opiate effect is likely mediated by the indirect activation of bulbospinal pathways, rostral projections to forebrain sites and by a local alteration in afferent input into the brainstem core. In the spinal cord, this effect is mediated by an action presynaptic to the primary afferent and by a post-synaptic effect to hyperpolarize projection neurons. In addition, it is now appreciated that mu and kappa receptors in the periphery can modulate the sensitized state of the small afferent terminal innervating inflamed tissue and exert an anti-hyperalgesic action. After systemic delivery of an opiate, it is thus clear that a wide array of central and peripheral systems serve to explain the powerful analgesic effect exerted by this class of agents.
Probabilistic design methodology to improve run-time stability and performance of STT-RAM caches (2012)

Using the spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) technology as lower level on-chip caches has been proposed to minimize leakage power consumption and enhance cache capacity at the scaled technologies. However, programming STT-RAM is a stochastic process due to the random thermal fluctuations. Conventional worst-case (corner) design with a fixed write pulse period cannot completely eliminate the write failures but maintain it at a low level by paying high cost in hardware complexity and system performance. In this work, we systematically study the impacts of the stochastic switching of STT-RAM on circuit and cache performance. Two probabilistic design techniques, write-verify-rewrite with adaptive period (WRAP) and verify-one-while-writing (VOW), then are proposed for performance improvement and write failure reduction. Our simulation results show that compared to the result of the conventional design using Hamming Code to correct the write failures, WRAP is write error free while reducing the cache write latency and energy consumption by 40% and 26%, respectively. When an extremely low write failure rate (i.e., 10−22) is allowed, VOW can further boost the reductions on write latency and energy to 52% and 29%, respectively. Furthermore, a hybrid STT-RAM based cache hierarchy taking advantages of probabilistic design techniques is proposed. The novel hierarchy can reduce the write failure rate of STT-RAM cache to 10−30, while improving the speed by 6.8% and saving 15% of energy consumption compared to a conventional design with Hamming Code.
Interleukin-1 beta transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in oral cancer (2015)

Hyperactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways and chronic inflammation are common characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we reported that OSCC cells secrete interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which promotes the proliferation of the oral premalignant cell line, DOK, and stimulates DOK and OSCC cells to produce the chemokine CXCL1. CXCL1 functions through CXCR2, a G protein-coupled receptor that transactivates EGFR in ovarian and lung cancers. We hypothesized that IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in OSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR is crucial for the IL-1β-mediated proliferation and subsequent bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation of DOK cells because the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and erlotinib inhibit these abilities in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of IL-1β instantly enhanced CXCL1 expression and secretion (within 15 min) in the DOK and OSCC cell lines. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was significantly enhanced in DOK (1 h) and OSCC (20 min) cell lines after IL-1β treatment, and both cell lines were inhibited on the addition of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). CXCL1 treatment resulted in EGFR phosphorylation, whereas the knockdown of CXCL1 expression by lentivirus-mediated shRNA or the addition of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 dramatically reduced IL-1β-mediated EGFR phosphorylation and proliferation of DOK cells. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-1β or CXCL1 markedly inhibited the constitutive or IL-1β-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in OSCC cells. IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis, revealing a novel molecular network in OSCC that is associated with autocrine IL-1β and EGFR signaling.
Consumer Experience Tourism (2001)

Abstract This manuscript reviews the growing use of manufacturing plant tours, company museums, and company visitor centers in the food and beverage industries. Consumer Experience Tourism is a powerful tool used to strengthen the bond between consumers and brands. Consumers gain an experience with a brand, its production process, history, and historical significance. In an increasingly competitive environment, such relationships are vital to customer retention efforts and differentiating brands in the marketplace.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation by Enhancing the Wnt Signaling Pathway in an Alzheimer's Disease Model (2014)

Neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus may act as an endogenous repair mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the Wnt signaling pathway has been suggested to closely modulate neurogenesis in amyloid-β (Aβ)-related AD models. The present study investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would modulate hippocampal neurogenesis via modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in a model of AD. In Aβ-treated neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), the coculture with MSCs increased significantly the expression of Ki-67, GFAP, SOX2, nestin, and HuD compared to Aβ treatment alone. In addition, MSC treatment in Aβ-treated NPCs enhanced the expression of β-catenin and Ngn1 compared to Aβ treatment alone. MSC treatment in Aβ-treated animals significantly increased the number of BrdU-ir cells in the hippocampus at 2 and 4 weeks compared to Aβ treatment alone. In addition, quantitative analysis showed that the number of BrdU and HuD double-positive cells in the dentate gyrus was significantly higher in the MSC-treated group than in controls or after Aβ treatment alone. These results demonstrate that MSC administration significantly augments hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances the differentiation of NPCs into mature neurons in AD models by augmenting the Wnt signaling pathway. The use of MSCs to modulate endogenous adult neurogenesis may have a significant impact on future strategies for AD treatment.