gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SiO<sub>2</sub> FILMS DEPOSITED BY FLAME HYDROLYSIS DEPOSITION SYSTEM FOR PHOTONIC DEVICE APPLICATION (2008)

There are various techniques for the deposition of SiO2 films on silicon. Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (FHD) techniques is the most economical technique for the deposition of SiO2 films. In this technique the SiO2 films are deposited by hydrolysis of SiCl4 in a high temperature H2-O2 flame. In the present study we present the growth of SiO2 films by indigenously developed FHD system and organic compound Tetraethoxyorthosiliate/Tetraethoxysilane TEOS as source of silicon. The films deposited by the FHD system are porous and need annealing at higher temperatures for the densification. We present here for the first time direct dense glassy transparent SiO2 films deposited by our FHD system. The optical properties of the deposited films were studied by ellipsometery. FTIR spectroscopy was carried out to study the various characteristic peaks of SiO2 bonds. The peaks corresponding to Si-O-Si stretching, bending and rocking modes are observed at 1090 cm −1 , 812 cm −1 and 463 cm −1 respectively. The absence of peaks corresponding to the OH bond in the deposited film reveals that the deposited films are most suitable for the photonic devices application. The surface analysis was carried out using SEM. The EDAX of the deposited film confirms the composition of the Si and O in the deposited film.
Digital Templating in Total Hip Arthroplasty (2004)

Preoperative templating for total hip arthroplasty requires precision and accuracy. The current method of acetate overlays is subject to errors in magnification. Digital radiography permits the use of software programs that calculate the x-ray magnification with precision and then adjust the templates to match the exact magnification. A reproducible set of steps is described that allows a surgeon to preoperatively template in the digital environment.
A Fuel Channel Design for CANDU-SCWR (2006)

The CANDU®-Supercritical Water Reactor (CANDU-SCWR) is one of the six reactor concepts being considered by the Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) for international collaborative R&D. With SCW coolant, the thermodynamic efficiency is increased to over 40%. The CANDU-SCWR is moderated using heavy water, and it has fuel bundles residing inside horizontal pressure tubes, similar to the current CANDU design. The coolant, however, is light water at 25 MPa, with an inlet temperature of 350°C and an outlet temperature of 625°C. Because of the high temperature and high pressure of the coolant, the standard CANDU pressure tube design cannot be used. This paper presents one of the insulated pressure tube designs being considered for the CANDU-SCWR fuel channels. Unlike current CANDU reactors, the proposed CANDU-SCWR fuel channel does not use calandria tubes to separate the pressure tubes from the moderator. Each pressure tube is in direct contact with the moderator, which operates at an average temperature of about 80°C. The pressure tube is thermally insulated from the hot coolant by a porous ceramic insulator. A perforated metal liner protects the insulator from being damaged by the fuel bundles and erosion by the coolant. The coolant pressure is transmitted through the perforated metal liner and insulator and applied directly to the relatively cold pressure tube. The material selection for each fuel channel component depends on its function. The fuel sheaths and the perforated liner must have high corrosion resistance in SCW, although their resident times are significantly different. The insulator must have high thermal resistance and corrosion resistance in SCW, plus sufficient strength to bear the weight of the fuel bundles without significant thickness reduction during its design life. The pressure tube is the pressure boundary material, so it must have high strength to contain the coolant. One common requirement for all in-core fuel channel components is that they should be as neutron transparent as possible. The irradiation deformation of all these components must also be considered in their design. This paper presents the design of this fuel channel, reviews existing data for materials, indicates where more data are required, and summarizes our plans to obtain these data.
SODIUM-COUPLED TRANSPORTERS FOR KREBS CYCLE INTERMEDIATES (1999)

Krebs cycle intermediates such as succinate, citrate, and alpha-ketoglutarate are transferred across plasma membranes of cells by secondary active transporters that couple the downhill movement of sodium to the concentrative uptake of substrate. Several transporters have been identified in isolated membrane vesicles and cells based on their functional properties, suggesting the existence of at least three or more Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter proteins in a given species. Recently, several cDNAs, called NaDC-1, coding for the low-affinity Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporters have been isolated from rabbit, human, and rat kidney. The Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporters are part of a distinct gene family that includes the renal and intestinal Na+/sulfate cotransporters. Other members of this family include a Na(+)- and Li(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from Xenopus intestine and a putative Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter from rat intestine. The current model of secondary structure in NaDC-1 contains 11 transmembrane domains and an extracellular N-glycosylated carboxy terminus.
Semi-Supervised Learning for Natural Language (2005)

Statistical supervised learning techniques have been successful for many natural language processing tasks, but they require labeled datasets, which can be expensive to obtain. On the other hand, unlabeled data (raw text) is often available “for free ” in large quantities. Unlabeled data has shown promise in improving the performance of a number of tasks, e.g. word sense disambiguation, information extraction, and natural language parsing. In this thesis, we focus on two segmentation tasks, named-entity recognition and Chinese word segmentation. The goal of named-entity recognition is to detect and classify names of people, organizations, and locations in a sentence. The goal of Chinese word segmentation is to find the word boundaries in a sentence that has been written as a string of characters without spaces. Our approach is as follows: In a preprocessing step, we use raw text to cluster words and calculate mutual information statistics. The output of this step is then used as features in a supervised model, specifically a global linear model trained using
Phase II Open Label Study of Valproic Acid in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2009)

ClinicalTrials.gov.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2,5-Diamino-1,4-benzoquinone (2007)

A novel and efficient synthesis of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone is described. The reaction involves a palladium/charcoal hydrogenolysis as the key step and provides the desired product in only four steps and very good overall yield.
Basic Investigations on the Hot Stamping Steel 22MnB5 (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Ultrasensitive single-cell proteomics workflow identifies >1000 protein groups per mammalian cell (2020)

We report on the combination of nanodroplet sample preparation, ultra-low-flow nanoLC, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), and the latest-generation Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer for greatly improved single-cell proteome profiling. FAIMS effectively filtered out singly charged ions for more effective MS analysis of multiply charged peptides, resulting in an average of 1056 protein groups identified from single HeLa cells without MS1-level feature matching. This is 2.3 times more identifications than without FAIMS and a far greater level of proteome coverage for single mammalian cells than has been previously reported for a label-free study. Differential analysis of single microdissected motor neurons and interneurons from human spinal tissue indicated a similar level of proteome coverage, and the two subpopulations of cells were readily differentiated based on single-cell label-free quantification.
STriDER: Self-Excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot (2007)

STriDER (Self-Excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot) is a novel three-legged walking machine that exploits the concept of actuated passive dynamic locomotion to dynamically walk with high energy efficiency and minimal control. Unlike other passive dynamic walking machines, this unique tripedal locomotion robot is inherently stable with its tripod stance, can change directions, and is relatively easy to implement, making it practical to be used for real life applications. STriDER begins its step with a stable stance like a camera tripod. As the center of gravity of the robot shifts forward pass the "pivot line" defined by the two feet of the stance legs, the robot begins to fall in the direction perpendicular to the pivot line. The middle leg naturally swings between the two stance legs using the concept of actuated passive dynamic locomotion. The swing leg then catches the fall and the robot resets to its original tripod posture in preparation for its next step. STriDER can easily change its direction of walking, simply by changing the sequence of choice of the swing leg and the stance legs. In this video, we present the concept of this novel walking machine and the mechanical design of the first prototype. The results from the dynamic simulation and a simple experiment for a single step are presented for comparison
Neural Encoding of Speech and Music: Implications for Hearing Speech in Noise (2011)

Understanding speech in a background of competing noise is challenging, especially for individuals with hearing loss or deficits in auditory processing ability. The ability to hear in background noise cannot be predicted from the audiogram, an assessment of peripheral hearing ability; therefore, it is important to consider the impact of central and cognitive factors on speech-in-noise perception. Auditory processing in complex environments is reflected in neural encoding of pitch, timing, and timbre, the crucial elements of speech and music. Musical expertise in processing pitch, timing, and timbre may transfer to enhancements in speech-in-noise perception due to shared neural pathways for speech and music. Through cognitive-sensory interactions, musicians develop skills enabling them to selectively listen to relevant signals embedded in a network of melodies and harmonies, and this experience leads in turn to enhanced ability to focus on one voice in a background of other voices. Here we review recent work examining the biological mechanisms of speech and music perception and the potential for musical experience to ameliorate speech-in-noise listening difficulties.
Arm signature identification (1986)

The positioning accuracy of commercially-available industrial robotic manipulators depends upon a kinematic model which describes the robot geometry in a parametric form. Manufacturing errors in machining and assembly of manipulators lead to discrepancies between the design parameters and the physical structure. Improving the kinematic performance thus requires identification of the actual kinematic parameters of each individual robot. This identification of the individual kinematic parameters is called the arm signature which is then incorporated into the manipulator's controller to improve positional accuracy. In this paper, an approach, based on a new parametric model of the kinematics, is introduced for arm signature identification. The S-Model utilizes 6.n parameters to describe the robot geometry and offers advantages for identification by decomposing the parameters into individually identified subsets. The S-Model parameters are then mapped into the equivalent Denavit-Hartenberg parameters for implementation into the controller. The S-Model arm signature identification algorithm can be implemented with relatively simple sensors and improves accuracy through statistical averaging. This algorithm has been implemented with an external ultrasonic range sensor to measure robot end-effector positions. Experimental results of arm signature identification of seven Unimation/Westinghouse Puma 560 robots demonstrated an average reduction in positioning error by a factor of 5-10 for a spectrum of representative test tasks.
Decentralized software distribution for SDR terminals (2002)

This article describes a novel approach to downloading software in mobile networks. The motivation for a decentralized approach is to cut down the overall download time for all relevant terminals, thereby considering not just over-the-air distribution of software. This work is performed under the European Research project Transparently Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Terminal (IST-TRUST). In particular, we consider terminal-to-terminal upgrades, which must be realized in ad hoc networks or HIPERLAN/2, where a direct mode between terminals can be established. The concept can also be contemplated for base-station-centric networks. For a client-to-client upgrade new security problems are to be resolved, and a suitable security concept is described here. The security concept is independent of the network; that is, even in fixed networks a similar concept can be conceived. Basically, the decentralized concept is not restricted to mobile networks, but the procedures described are mobile-centric.
Improving predictive maintenance classifiers of industrial sensors' data using entropy. A case study (2018)

The increase in the availability of sensors' data in manufacturing (Industrial Internet of Things, IIOT) poses the challenge on how best to use this information. One of the emerging applications of data analysis in this field is predictive maintenance: being able to identify when and why a certain component breaks down and empower early intervention to prevent breakdowns. Imbalanced datasets literature shows that tree models perform better with entropy splits than Gini index splits. Entropy measures applied in previous studies in the domain of industrial sensors' data include not only Shannon's but also Renyi and Tsallis. This paper looks at the performance of classifocation trees using different entropies applied to the Scania trucks dataset. In this case, the best performing tree is a C5:0 model but we confirm that Renyi and Tsallis entropy trees can improve classification of the minority class in the data without excessively penalising the classification of the majority class. These models can therefore help to prevent companies costs by improving the identification of possible failures and avoiding unnecessary interventions on well-working equipment.
VECTor: A Preclinical Imaging System for Simultaneous Submillimeter SPECT and PET (2012)

High-resolution complementary information about tissue function contained in SPECT and PET tracer distributions can now be obtained simultaneously using a fully integrated imaging device. These combined unique capabilities pave the way for new perspectives in imaging the biologic systems of rodents.
Complexation Mechanism of Olefin with Silver Ions Dissolved in a Polymer Matrix and its Effect on Facilitated Olefin Transport (2002)

Remarkable separation performance of olefin/paraffin mixtures was previously reported by facilitated olefin transport through silver-based polymer electrolyte membranes. The mechanism of facilitated olefin transport in solid membranes of AgCF3SO3 dissolved in poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) is investigated. In silver polymer electrolyte membranes, only free anions are present up to the 2:1 mole ratio of [C=O]:[Ag], and ion pairs start to form at a ratio of 1:1, followed by higher-order ionic aggregates above a ratio of 1:2. At silver concentrations above 3:1, the propylene permeance increases almost linearly with the total silver concentration, unexpectedly, regardless of the silver ionic constituents. It was also found that all the silver constituents, including ion pairs and higher order ionic aggregates, were completely redissolved into free anions under the propylene environment; this suggests that propylene can be a good ligand for the silver cation. From these experimental findings, a new mechanism for the complexation reaction between propylenes and silver salts in silver-polymer electrolytes was proposed. The new mechanism is consistent with the linearity between the propylene permeance and the total silver concentration regardless of the kind of the silver constituents. Therefore, the facilitated propylene transport through silver-polymer electrolytes may be associated mainly with the silver cation weakly coordinated with both carbonyl oxygen atoms and propylene.
Novel 3R regenerator based on polarization switching in a semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted fiber Sagnac interferometer (2003)

A novel 3R regeneration scheme based on polarization switching in a semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted fiber Sagnac interferometer is presented and experimentally demonstrated at 10 Gb/s. The scheme operates error-free retaining the input wavelength or as regenerative wavelength converter, and requires extremely low switching power of 2 dBm to operate. Investigation of the retiming ability of the regenerator is also reported to demonstrate full optical retiming from a signal with up to 21-ps timing jitter achieved with a penalty of 1 dB.
Practical application of MOSFET synchronous rectifiers (2002)

The application of MOSFET synchronous rectifiers (SRs) to a forward power converter with resonant reset is analyzed. Under the assumptions of ideal gate-drive waveforms, the theoretical minimum losses are determined. The analysis shows that the gate charge and on-resistance of the current generation of power MOSFETs are low enough to yield a significant increase in rectifier efficiency. Two simple gate drive circuits are presented, and the effects of parasitic circuit inductances on the gate voltage waveforms are shown. The measured converter losses for these SR drive circuits are compared to the losses for the Schottky rectifiers, as well as to the theoretical minimum losses. For the 3.3 V output at load currents between 5 and 10 A, the losses approach the theoretical minimum. For higher load currents, the MOSFET body-drain diode causes losses during its reverse recovery, due to the nonideal timing of gate drive voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Respiratory monitoring (1990)

SIGNIFICANT improvements in respiratory monitoring have occurred over the last decade based on both technologic advances and a better understanding of the pathophysiologic characteristics of respiratory failure.<sup>1</sup>The major goals of monitoring are to provide alarms that alert the patient's attendants of a significant change in his/her condition, providing an opportunity for the timely institution of lifesaving measures, to aid with diagnosis and therapy, and to create trends that assist in assessing therapeutic response and predicting prognosis. Since many patients admitted to an intensive care unit never receive interventional therapy, the possibility arises that intensive care unit costs could be decreased by the employment of intermediate care units, where patients are admitted for monitoring until a need for interventional therapy has been demonstrated.<sup>2-6</sup>The features of an ideal monitoring system are listed in Table 1. In considering the various monitoring devices, it is useful to group the phenomena
Predictors of Functional Recovery One Year Following Hospital Discharge for Hip Fracture: A Prospective Study (1990)

This study evaluates predictors of recovery in walking ability, PADLs, and IADLs one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture. The sample consisted of 536 hip fracture patients aged 65 and older admitted from the community to one of seven Baltimore area hospitals between 1984 and 1986 and surviving one year post-hospital discharge. A large proportion of hip fracture patients do not regain pre-fracture PADL and IADL levels; most recovery in walking ability and ability to perform PADL and IADLs occurs by 6 months. Those who are older, have longer hospital stays, and are rehospitalized, exhibit poorer recovery, as do those displaying chronic or acute cognitive deficits and depressive symptomatology while hospitalized. Also, contact with one's social network following hospital discharge is associated with greater recovery. Findings point to the importance of psychosocial factors for recovery and suggest areas where hospital-based interventions and discharge planning efforts should focus.
Adrenergic and serotonergic receptor-blocking potencies of terazosin, a new antihypertensive agent, as asseased by radioligand binding assay. (1987)

To assess the antihypertensive effect of terazosin, 2 [4- (tetrahydro-2-furanyl) carbonyl-l-piperazinyl] -6, 7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinamine hydrochloride dihydrate, the inhibitory potency of terazosin on 3H-prazosin, 3H-p-aminoclonidine, 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA), 3H-serotonin and 3H-ketanserin bindings to α1-, α2-and β-adrenergic receptors and 5HT1 and 5HT2 (serotonergic) receptors was examined by using the radioligand binding method. The results were compared with those for prazosin and bunazosin. Dog brain and aorta were used in the present study. A high inhibition of 3H-prazosin binding to α1-adrenoceptors in dog aorta by terazosin was observed, but the inhibitions of 3H-DHA, 3H-p-aminoclonidine, 3H-serotonin and 3H-ketanserin bindings by this drug were very weak. l-Terazosin showed the greatest inhibitory effect on 3H-prazosin binding to α1-adrenoceptors in dog aorta and brain. These results suggest that an inhibitory effect of terazosin at α1-aradrenoceptor binding sites may contribute to the hypotensive effect; the α2-and β-adrenoceptors and the serotonergic binding sites do not appear to be involved.
Black multi‐crystalline silicon solar cells (2006)

Abstract A simple method for nano‐scale texturing of silicon surfaces based on local metal‐catalyzed wet chemical etching, which results in an almost complete suppression of reflectivity in a broad spectral range, has been successfully applied to produce black multi‐crystalline silicon solar cells. The performance of the cells is compared to that of reference cells without surface nano‐texturing. A considerable increase of the short circuit current (by 36–42% with respect to the reference cells) without deterioration of other performance parameters is observed under natural sun illumination. Means of further optimization of such black solar cells are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)