gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imidapril treatment improves the attenuated inotropic and intracellular calcium responses to ATP in heart failure due to myocardial infarction (2005)

1. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is known to augment cardiac contractile activity and cause an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated cardiomyocytes. However, no information regarding the ATP-mediated signal transduction in the myocardium in congestive heart failure (CHF) is available. 2. CHF due to myocardial infarction (MI) in rats was induced by the occlusion of the left coronary artery for 8 weeks. The positive inotropy due to ATP was depressed in failing hearts. Treatment of 3 weeks infarcted animals with imidapril (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) for a period of 5 weeks improved the left ventricle function and decreased the attenuation of inotropic response to ATP. 3. ATP-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly depressed in cardiomyocytes isolated from the failing heart and this change was partially attenuated by imidapril treatment. However, the binding characteristics of (35)S-labeled adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio) triphosphate in sarcolemma isolated from the failing heart remained unaltered. 4. ATP-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was depressed by verapamil and cibacron blue in both control and failing heart cardiomyocytes; however, the ATP response in the failing hearts, unlike the control preparations, was not decreased by ryanodine. This insensitivity to ryanodine was attenuated by imidapril treatment. 5. Treatment of infarcted rats with enalapril and losartan produced effects similar to imidapril. 6. These findings indicate that the positive inotropic response to ATP and ATP-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in cardiomyocytes are impaired in heart failure. Furthermore, blockade of renin angiotensin system prevented the impairment of the ATP-mediated inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) responses in the failing heart.
Preventing Blindness in Premature Infants (1998)

In 1942 Terry reported a retinal vasculopathy causing blindness in premature infants.1 The condition was called retrolental fibroplasia, because a fibrovascular mass could be seen behind the crystalline lens. Hundreds of babies in the United States still become blind or visually handicapped each year from this disease, now known as retinopathy of prematurity.Initially, the cause appeared to be excess oxygen. In the 1940s and 1950s, premature infants were treated with high concentrations of oxygen to keep them alive. In the absence of a noninvasive method of measuring blood oxygen saturation, there was no way to titrate the amount of . . .
LITMUS^RT : A Testbed for Empirically Comparing Real-Time Multiprocessor Schedulers (2006)

We present a real-time, Linux-based testbed called LITMUS, which we have developed for empirically evaluating multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithms. We also present the results from such an evaluation, in which partitioned earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling, preemptive and nonpreemptive global EDF scheduling, and two variants of the global PD2 Pfair algorithm were considered. The tested algorithms were compared based on both raw performance and schedulability (with real overheads considered) assuming either hard- or soft-real-time constraints. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt by anyone to compare partitioned and global real-time scheduling approaches using empirical data
State of the Art on Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction, Tracking, and Applications (2018)

Abstract The computer graphics and vision communities have dedicated long standing efforts in building computerized tools for reconstructing, tracking, and analyzing human faces based on visual input. Over the past years rapid progress has been made, which led to novel and powerful algorithms that obtain impressive results even in the very challenging case of reconstruction from a single RGB or RGB‐D camera. The range of applications is vast and steadily growing as these technologies are further improving in speed, accuracy, and ease of use. Motivated by this rapid progress, this state‐of‐the‐art report summarizes recent trends in monocular facial performance capture and discusses its applications, which range from performance‐based animation to real‐time facial reenactment. We focus our discussion on methods where the central task is to recover and track a three dimensional model of the human face using optimization‐based reconstruction algorithms. We provide an in‐depth overview of the underlying concepts of real‐world image formation, and we discuss common assumptions and simplifications that make these algorithms practical. In addition, we extensively cover the priors that are used to better constrain the under‐constrained monocular reconstruction problem, and discuss the optimization techniques that are employed to recover dense, photo‐geometric 3D face models from monocular 2D data. Finally, we discuss a variety of use cases for the reviewed algorithms in the context of motion capture, facial animation, as well as image and video editing.
Self-activated liquid-crystal cells with photovoltaic substrates (2006)

We show that photovoltaic fields are capable of efficiently reorienting liquid crystals, leading to new concepts of optically addressable light modulators. Using an arrangement consisting of a liquid-crystal layer between LiNbO3:Fe photovoltaic substrates, we observed spatial filtering due to self-phase modulation in a planar-oriented cell and nonlinear transmission between crossed polarizers in a twist-oriented cell. These processes do not require an external electric field. The substrates are arranged such that light propagates along the +c axis in each substrate, allowing a secondary process of power transfer to occur through contradirectional photorefractive two-beam coupling.
The Preparation of 2-(2-Oxo-2-Phenylethyl) Benzoic Acids from Dilithiated<i>Ortho-</i>Toluic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ortho-Toluic acid was dimetalated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting intermediate was condensed with a variety of aromatic esters to afford new substituted 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)benzoic acids (ortho-phenacylbenzoic acids).
Reversal of Myeloid Cell–Mediated Immunosuppression in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2008)

These results may have significant implications regarding the future design of active immunotherapy protocols that may include differentiation agents as part of a multimodal approach to renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy.
Towards dynamic access control for healthcare information systems. (2008)

Access control is a key feature of healthcare information systems to protect the privacy of patients and to ensure access to information as required by healthcare professionals. A problem with many existing access control mechanisms is their static nature. In this paper we propose combining workflow information from medical guidelines, observations and audit logs to create dynamic access rules that are adapted to the actual workings of a hospital. Our aim is to help minimize the use of "break the glass" access.
[Cardiac insufficiency. Definition, mechanisms, principles of treatment]. (1990)

Cardiac failure is defined as the inability of the heart to provide the necessary blood flow for the metabolic and functional needs of the vital organs under normal conditions. The underlying physiopathological mechanisms are multiple: cardiac failure without ventricular failure, ventricular failure with or without abnormal ventricular systolic function, prolonged tachycardias or tachyarrhythmias in normal hearts. The association of several mechanisms aggravates the prognosis. Peripheral and central compensatory mechanisms in such situations are not always beneficial. The principles of treatment depend on the type of cardiac failure encountered. The medium and long-term therapeutic objectives are not only to correct the haemodynamic abnormalities but to improve the quality of life and, if possible, the duration of survival.
Age‐related modifications of NREM sleep EEG: from childhood to middle age (2001)

This study investigated the modifications in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) power in 54 subjects, from children to middle-aged adults. Spectral analyses were performed on 5 h of NREM sleep. A marked decrease of absolute slow-wave activity (SWA) was observed with increasing age; children had significantly more SWA than adolescents, young and middle-aged adults. The decline of SWA across the night seems to level off with increasing age, suggesting an age-related attenuation of homeostatic sleep pressure. Absolute theta power was higher for children compared with the other three groups, and adolescents had more theta power than young and middle-aged adults. In comparison to young and middle-aged adults, alpha power was higher for children and adolescents. Children and adolescents had more sigma power than middle-aged adults. Absolute beta power was higher for children than for the other age groups. Therefore, the major alterations of NREM sleep EEG occurring between childhood and middle age are not restricted to SWA, but encompassed the theta, alpha, sigma and beta frequency bands.
Relationships among Fundamental Frequency, Vocal Sound Pressure, and Rate of Speaking (1961)

Twenty males who could control their vocal effort to reach specified soft and loud vocal levels, spanning 30 db., practised and recorded three vowels and three phrases at four levels, ranging from soft to loud. Increments in vocal effort were accompanied by increase in fundamental frequency, the latter shifting upward increasingly with successive steps in sound pressure. The vocal changes that occurred from one level of speaking to another were somewhat specific to the material that was spoken. Phrases that were spoken with different amounts of vocal effort, soft to loud, were spoken at the slowest rate when said softly.
The crystal structure of β-lactamase from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 0.5 nm resolution (1985)

The preparation, crystallization and low-resolution structure determination of beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6, 'penicillinase') from Staphylococcus aureus is described. The enzyme crystallizes in space group I222 with 1 molecule per asymmetric unit and cell dimensions a = 5.45(1), b = 9.39(1) and c = 13.87(2) nm. The structure was determined at 0.5 nm resolution by using phases calculated from (NH4)2Pt(CN)4 and KAu(CN)2 derivatives. The mean figure of merit mean value of m, for the 1106 reflexions used was 0.70. Difference Fourier syntheses for data collected from crystals soaked in platinum D-methionine and in 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-iodobenzamido)penicilloic acid revealed the likely position of the active site of the enzyme.
Answering Binary Causal Questions: A Transfer Learning Based Approach (2020)

Causal question answering is a task of answering causality related questions. The questions are referred to as binary causal questions when the questions e.g., "Could X cause Y?" can be answered by yes/no answers. Answer to the previous question is yes if X is a cause of Y, and otherwise no. The binary causal question answering systems can be used to validate causal relationships, which can be particularly useful for decision making. For example, it could be useful for the tourism authorities to know the answer to the question "Could growing social tension cause reduction in tourism?". We aim to automatically answer such binary causal questions by developing a machine learning model. However, training a machine learning model to detect causal relationships is challenging due to the lack of large and high quality labeled datasets. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning-based approach which fine-tunes pretrained transformer based language models on a small dataset of cause-effect pairs to detect causality and answer binary causal questions. The proposed approach achieves performance comparable to a number of benchmark approaches on five benchmark test datasets extracted by human experts conditioned on the same small training dataset.
Cysteine‐independent polymerization of metallothioneins in solutions and in crystals (2000)

Polymerization of metallothioneins is one of the usually encountered puzzles during the research process of metallothioneins' structure and function. Our work focuses on the cysteine independently occurred polymerization from metallothioneins monomers in different milieus, while it leaves out the aggregation caused by the oxidation of cysteine, because the latter circumstance is the result of purification lapsus. After the purification of metallothioneins monomers, a dynamic light-scattering technique is used to detect the polymerized states of rabbit liver metallothionein I and II in different buffers, which is the first systematical detection of polymerized states of metallothioneins in solutions. The effects of different compositions of each buffer are discussed in details. Steric complementarity, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interaction characteristics are studied, following the modeling of monomers and relevant polymers of rat metallothionein II, rabbit liver metallothionein I and II. These theoretical calculations are the first complete computer simulations on different factors affecting metallothioneins' polymerization. A molecular recognition mechanism of metallothioneins' polymerization in solutions is proposed on the bases of experimental results and theoretical calculations. Preliminary X-ray studies of two crystal forms of rabbit liver metallothionein II are compared with the crystal structure of rat metallothionein II, and the polymerized states in crystal packing are discussed with the knowledge of polymerization of metallothioneins in solutions. The hypothesis, which is consistent with theoretical calculations and experimental results, is expected to construct a connection between the biochemical characteristics and physiological functions of metallothioneins, and this research may give some enlightenment to the topics of protein polymerizations.
<title>Laser radar detection statistics: a comparison of coherent and direct-detection receivers</title> (2001)

Detection statistics for a coherent laser radar are substantially different from those of a direct detection laser radar. Direct detection ladar detection statistics vary depending upon the detection mode. Speckle noise also impacts the detection statistics. For a single-pixel single- frequency single-polarization coherent detection transceiver, speckle noise can only be suppressed through temporal averaging. Some degree of speckle averaging can also be achieved in coherent detection systems by using a multiple frequencies or dual polarizations. In addition to these, a direct detection receiver can exploit spatial diversity to suppress the effects of speckle. This paper develops example performance comparisons. We show that a photon-counting direct detection receiver can exploit spatial diversity to suppress the effects of speckle. This paper develops theory useful for describing the performance of these three receiver architectures against diffuse and glint targets and provides example performance comparisons. We show that a photon-counting direct detection receiver can, in principle, provide superior performance, however practical limitations of current detection technology particularly in the near IR spectral region reduces the performance margin and for many applications a coherent detection receiver provides superior performance.
Functionally Versatile and Highly Stable Chelator for <sup>111</sup>In and <sup>177</sup>Lu: Proof-of-Principle Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeting (2019)

Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of a new potentially nonadentate chelator H<sub>4</sub>pypa and its bifunctional analogue <sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>4</sub>pypa-C7-NHS conjugated to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting peptidomimetic (Glu-urea-Lys). H<sub>4</sub>pypa is very functionally versatile and biologically stable. Compared to the conventional chelators (e.g., DOTA, DTPA), H<sub>4</sub>pypa has outstanding affinities for both <sup>111</sup>In (EC, t<sub>1/2</sub> ≈ 2.8 days) and <sup>177</sup>Lu (β<sup>-</sup>,γ, t<sub>1/2</sub> ≈ 6.64 days). Its radiolabeled complexes were achieved at >98% radiochemical yield, RT within 10 min, at a ligand concentration as low as 10<sup>-6</sup> M, with excellent stability in human serum over at least 5-7 days (<1% transchelation). The thermodynamic stabilities of the [M(pypa)]<sup>-</sup> complexes (M<sup>3+</sup> = In<sup>3+</sup>, Lu<sup>3+</sup>, La<sup>3+</sup>) were dependent on the ionic radii, where the smaller In<sup>3+</sup> has the highest pM value (30.5), followed by Lu<sup>3+</sup> (22.6) and La<sup>3+</sup> (19.9). All pM values are remarkably higher than those with DOTA, DTPA, H<sub>4</sub>octapa, H<sub>4</sub>octox, and H<sub>4</sub>neunpa. Moreover, the facile and versatile bifunctionalization enabled by the p-OH group in the central pyridyl bridge of the pypa scaffold (compound 14) allows incorporation of a variety of linkers for bioconjugation through easy nucleophilic substitution. In this work, an alkyl linker was selected to couple H<sub>4</sub>pypa to a PSMA-targeting pharmacophore, proving that the bioconjugation sacrifices neither the tumor-targeting nor the chelation properties. The biodistribution profiles of <sup>111</sup>In- and <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled tracers are different, but promising, with the <sup>177</sup>Lu analogue particularly outstanding.
nPlug: An Autonomous Peak Load Controller (2013)

The Indian electricity sector, despite having the world's fifth largest installed capacity, suffers from a 12.9% peaking shortage. This shortage could be alleviated, if a large number of deferrable loads, particularly the high powered ones, could be moved from on-peak to off-peak times. However, conventional Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies may not be suitable for India as the local conditions usually favor inexpensive solutions with minimal dependence on the pre-existing infrastructure. In this work, we present a completely autonomous DSM controller called the nPlug. nPlug is positioned between the wall socket and deferrable load(s) such as water heaters, washing machines, and electric vehicles. nPlugs combine local sensing and analytics to infer peak periods as well as supply-demand imbalance conditions. They schedule attached appliances in a decentralized manner to alleviate peaks whenever possible without violating the requirements of consumers. nPlugs do not require any manual intervention by the end consumer nor any communication infrastructure nor any enhancements to the appliances or the power grids. Some of nPlug's capabilities are demonstrated using experiments on a combination of synthetic and real data collected from plug-level energy monitors. Our results indicate that nPlug can be an effective and inexpensive technology to address the peaking shortage. This technology could potentially be integrated into millions of future deferrable loads: appliances, electric vehicle (EV) chargers, heat pumps, water heaters, etc.
Detection of the extracellular domain of c‐<i>erbB</i>‐2 oncoprotein in sera from patients with various carcinomas: Correlation with tumor markers (1993)

Using a serum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit from Triton diagnostics we detected c-erbB-2 oncoprotein activity in random sera containing highly elevated tumor markers and also in serial specimens from cancer patients expressing elevated oncoprotein activities. Elevated oncoprotein activity was found not only in sera of breast and ovarian carcinomas but also in sera from colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate carcinomas and even from primary hepatoma. Whenever oncoprotein was overexpressed in an individual patient, there was usually an excellent correlation between the oncoprotein activity and the level of dominant tumor marker in serial serum specimens. Based on the size exclusion S-200 column chromatography, we found only a single molecule containing c-erbB-2 oncoprotein activity in pooled sera from cancer patients whereas two oncoproteins slightly different in size were detected in breast tumor tissue cytosol. Using HPLC on a Superose 12 HR column, the serum portion of the oncoprotein was eluted at a position near IgG, suggesting that the extracellular domain of the oncoprotein exists as a dimer in the serum.
Thermalisation rate study of GaSb-based heterostructures by continuous wave photoluminescence and their potential as hot carrier solar cell absorbers (2012)

GaSb-based heterostructures are tested as candidates for a hot carrier solar cell absorber. Their thermalisation properties are investigated using continuous wave photoluminescence. Non-equilibrium carrier populations are detected at high excitation levels. An empirical expression of the power lost by thermalisation is deduced from the incident power dependent carrier temperature. The experimentally determined thermalisation rate is then used to simulate the potential efficiency of a hot carrier solar cell, showing a significant efficiency improvement compared to a fully thermalised single p–n junction of similar bandgap.
Applying spatial augmented reality to facilitate in-situ support for automotive spot welding inspection (2011)

In automotive manufacturing, the quality of spot welding on car bodies needs to be inspected frequently. Operators often only check different subsets of spots on different car bodies with a predetermined sequence. Currently, spot welding inspections rely on a printed drawing of the testing body, with the inspection points marked on this drawing. Operators have to locate the matching spot on the drawing and the body manually to perform the inspection. The manual inspection process suffers from inefficiencies and potential mistakes. This paper describes a system that projects visual data onto arbitrary surfaces for providing just-in-time information to a user in-situ within a physical work-cell. Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) is the key technology utilized in our system. SAR facilitates presentation of projected digital Augmented Reality (AR) information on surfaces of car bodies. Four types of digital AR information are projected onto the surfaces of car body parts in structured work environments: 1) Location of spot welds; 2) Inspection methods; 3) Operation Description Sheet (ODS) information; 4) Visualization of weld locating methods. Various visualization methods are used to indicate the position of spot welds and the method used for spot welding inspection. Dynamical visualizations are used to assist operators to locate spot welds more easily. The SAR approach does not require additional special models in finding spot welds, but only needs knowledge of location of spot welds on the part. Our system allows operators becoming more effective and efficient to in performing proper inspections, by providing them the required information at the required time without the need to refer to paper-based manuals or computer terminals.
Radiographic Testing Method (2004)

Industrial radiography is discussed in detail. This chapter includes information on leak testing of sealed sources, and making survey reports. Work practices are discussed along with the concept for minimizing exposure using time, distance, shielding and containment. Radioisotopes, producing alpha, beta, gamma and x-ray radiation, are discussed along with the biological effects of radiation on man. Personnel monitoring is covered. The radiographic process is discussed in detail. New film imaging systems, flat panel real-time imaging, computed tomography, automatic defect recognition (ADR), and the Digitome process are covered in detail.