gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new resolution procedure for the preparation of both (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-4-tert-butoxycyclopent-2-enone from racemic 4-tert-butoxycyclopent-2-enone and conversion of (R)-(+)-4-tert-butoxycyclopent-2-enone into (R)-(+)-4-acetoxycyclopent-2-enone. A new method for the determination of the enantiomeric purities of the resolved enones (1991)

(1S)-(-)-10-Mercaptoisoborneol undergoes conjugate addition to (±)-4-tert-butoxycyclopent-2-enone in methanol containing N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine to give a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers of 3-tert-butoxy-4-[[(exo-2′-hydroxy-7′,7′-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl)methyl]thio]cyclopentanone in 93-95% yield. The mixture is converted by m-chloroperbenzoic acid into the corresponding sulfoxide mixture. The (3R,4R,R<sub>s</sub>)-sulfoxide isomer, whose absolute configuration has been determined by X-ray crystallography, crystallizes cleanly from this mixture in an enantiomeric yield of 76% from the corresponding sulfide. It is decomposed on silica gel to generate (R)-(+)-4-tert-butoxycyclopent-2-enone, with an enantiomeric purity of ≥99.9% in 92% yield from the sulfoxide, and 10-thiodiisobornyl 10′-sulfoxide. Similarly, the (S)-(-)-enone is prepared from (1R)-(+)-10-mercaptoisoborneol. The (±)- and the (R)-(+)-enone, respectively, are converted by a catalytic amount of FeCl<sub>3</sub> in acetic anhydride into (±)- and (R)-(+)-4-acetoxycyclopent-2-enone (with an enantiomeric purity of ≥99.9%) in 80% yield. The enantiomeric purity of the products was assessed through their treatment with (-)-10-mercaptoisoborneol and analysis of the adducts by HPLC and 400-MHz <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy.
A Kinetic Study on the Isomerization of Hop α-Acids (2008)

In this article, a detailed study on hop alpha-acid isomerization kinetics is presented. Because of the complex wort matrix and interfering interactions occurring during real wort boiling (i.e., trub formation and alpha-acids/iso-alpha-acids complexation), this investigation on alpha-acid isomerization kinetics was performed in aqueous buffer solution as a function of time (0-90 min) and heating temperature (80-100 degrees C). Rate constants and activation energies for the formation of individual iso-alpha-acids were determined. It was found that iso-alpha-acid formation follows first-order kinetics and Arrhenius behavior. Differences in activation energies for the formation of trans- and cis-isomers were noticed, the activation energy for the formation of trans-iso-alpha-acids being approximately 9 kJmol (-1) lower.
Dehydration Fever (1943)

MEDICALTIJIURNAL 455 _~~~~~~~~~~EIA ORA treatment personally two fersolate tablets were given thrice daily till a normal count was attained.In Table lI the details of the gastric analysis are given.TABLE II.-Fractional Test Meals.(Cases 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9 showed comnplete achlorhydria) Specimens (hours) Case--.Fasting i
Gate oxide reliability: the use of simulation to quantify important aspects of lifetime projection from TDDB data (2002)

We use simulations to study the consequences of applying the effective thickness theory of oxide reliability to both the Berman and Chen oxide electric field models for the time-to-failure of Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) data. The focus is on understanding the effects of errors in the analysis of TDDB data on the accuracy of lifetime prediction. There are three aspects which are studied for their effects on the accuracy of lifetime prediction (which are in addition to the frequently discussed field model sensitivity): extrapolation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) F to small values of F (as required by specific reliability criteria); conversion from measured gate voltage V/sub g/ to internal oxide voltage V/sub ox/; polarity dependence.
Auswertemethoden zur Präzisionsentfernungsmessung mit FMCW-Systemen und deren Anwendung im Mikrowellenbereich (1995)

Article Auswertemethoden zur Präzisionsentfernungsmessung mit FMCW-Systemen und deren Anwendung im Mikrowellenbereich was published on December 1, 1995 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 62, issue JG).
Phospholipase C and phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> are involved in the antiviral activity of human interferon‐α (1989)

Treatment of human amniotic cells (UAC) with human interferon-alpha (Hu-IFN alpha) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in translocation of protein kinase C (PK-C) activity from the cytosol fraction to that of the membranes. Analysis of 32P incorporation into phospholipid fractions and studies of alterations in fatty acid content for the major phospholipids of IFN-treated cells suggest that phospholipases C and A2 are activated by Hu-IFN alpha. Addition of neomycin (an inhibitor of phospholipase C), as well as mepacrine (an inhibitor of phospholipase A2) to IFN-treated cells inhibited the antiviral activity of Hu-IFN alpha in the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-UAC system used. These observations indicate that (i) activation of PK-C and (ii) diacylglycerol formation, arachidonic acid and/or lysophosphatidylcholine release are important steps in the mechanism of action of IFN.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of sorption (2008)

A device was built, described and used to perform volumetric sorption experiments on porous solid host systems, and used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of solid-gas sorption reactions.The device was tested on six supramolecular host systems to highlight the versatility, advantages and disadvantages of the device.The six systems that were studied are: 2,2'-bis-(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene) or gossypol Molecular Sieve 4A tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene A novel device to calculate kinetic parameters of solid-gas sorption was built and tested on the following four supramolecular host systems: 2,2'-bis-(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene) or gossypolThe methodology development was undertaken with the aim to gain greater insight into the underlying mechanisms governing the sorption process.Thermodynamic and kinetic data were used in conjunction with standard crystallographic, CP-MAS NMR, computational and sorption techniques to describe a mechanism for gas transport through the crystal lattice of the guest free low density phase of p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene.None of this work would have been possible without the constant guidance and patience my supervisor, Prof L.J. Barbour and co-supervisor, Dr. C. Esterhuysen have given me during the course of my research.Thank you both for not only steering a project, but for steering and guiding my education in such a manner that I leave here with a sincere appreciation for science, knowing that what we know now is only a
Prognostic Impact of Modulators of G proteins in Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2016)

The consequence of a loss of balance between G-protein activation and deactivation in cancers has been interrogated by studying infrequently occurring mutants of trimeric G-protein α-subunits and GPCRs. Prior studies on members of a newly identified family of non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GIV/Girdin, Daple, NUCB1 and NUCB2 have revealed that GPCR-independent hyperactivation of trimeric G proteins can fuel metastatic progression in a variety of cancers. Here we report that elevated expression of each GEF in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from the peripheral circulation of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS). The GEFs were stronger prognostic markers than two other markers of cancer progression, S100A4 and MACC1, and clustering of all GEFs together improved the prognostic accuracy of the individual family members; PFS was significantly lower in the high-GEFs versus the low-GEFs groups [H.R = 5, 20 (95% CI; 2,15-12,57)]. Because nucleotide exchange is the rate-limiting step in cyclical activation of G-proteins, the poor prognosis conferred by these GEFs in CTCs implies that hyperactivation of G-protein signaling by these GEFs is an important event during metastatic progression, and may be more frequently encountered than mutations in G-proteins and/or GPCRs.
Experimantal study on path planning of fingertips in human grasping motion. (2000)

本論文では, 対象物体を把持する場合の人間の指先軌道特性について調べた. 正面方向からの把持動作においては, 指先を過度に広げることなく, 親指と人差し指のほぼ中間に物体が位置するように軌道が生成されている. 左右方向からの把持動作の場合には, 指先を開くタイミングが正面の場合より遅くなる. 初期位置から物体近傍までの軌道は物体の幅に大きく依存し, 幅が狭い場合には最短経路を通る. 一方, 幅が広い場合には, 物体近傍において正面方向からの回し込み動作が行われる. 手首の軌道と比較すると, 左方向からの把持動作の場合には親指, そして右方向からの把持動作の場合には人差し指がそれぞれ手首と類似した軌道を描く. 指先を閉じる速度が最大となる時刻については, 手先の初期位置に関係なく, 手首の動きが収束する時刻とほぼ一致する. さらに, 軌道モデルを提案し, モデルのパラメータから軌道の類似性が確認でき, 解析上の有効性を示した.
Results of Dasatinib Therapy in Patients With Early Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2009)

Dasatinib is an effective agent for the initial management of CML in early chronic phase, producing high rates of CCyR and MMR.
Quantification of protein–materials interaction by soft colloidal probe spectroscopy (2014)

We present a robust and fast method to quantify the adhesion energy of surface anchored proteins on material surfaces using soft colloidal particles as sensors. The results obtained from studying the adhesion of fibronectin on surfaces with different hydrophobicity were in good agreement with theoretical considerations demonstrating the feasibility of the method.
The embryonic form of neural cell surface molecule (E-NCAM) in the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid- induced status epilepticus (1992)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) changes at the cell surface during development, from highly sialylated forms (embryonic or E-NCAM) to three size classes of less sialylated proteins with apparent molecular mass of 180, 140, and 120 kDa (adult NCAM). In the nervous system, E-NCAM has been localized in developing tissues, where it is thought to play a role in the structuring of neuronal groups and tissue pattern formation. In the present study a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects E-NCAM was used in immunoblot and immunohistochemical procedures. In developing rat hippocampus, E-NCAM cell expression was found to change according to a precise pattern and persisted until 1 month after birth. It was closely associated with the mossy fiber system, an area known for its sprouting propensity. In adult rats, although immunoreactivity considerably decreases and becomes undetectable by immunoblot analysis, E-NCAM was still found to be associated with a few pyramidal-shaped cells in the innermost part of the dentate gyrus. In order to acquire some insight into potential histogenetically plastic functions of E-NCAM, in another series of experiments adult rats were treated with kainic acid, a powerful excitotoxic and convulsant glutamate analog eliciting status epilepticus. When these animals were examined for E-NCAM expression, an intense labeling was found associated with glial-like cells, particularly in the hippocampal formation, and corresponding approximately to the reactive gliosis, as confirmed by staining with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. This expression was detectable from about 3 d following kainic acid administration and persisted for at least 12 weeks; it developed according to an observable spatiotemporal distribution pattern. In animals submitted to amygdala kindling, a nonlesional model of secondarily generalized epilepsy, no such reexpression of E-NCAM was observed. Our observations imply that polysialylation may be a means of identifying neuronal structures capable of plasticity in the CNS. Moreover, intense reexpression of E-NCAM could be a marker of reactive gliosis following brain damage.
The Effect of Solvent on the Liquefaction of Coal as a Function of Coal Rank (1982)

Abstract In order to study the effect of solvent on the liquefaction of coal as a function of coal rank, the liquefaction of five kinds of coals from carbon content of 66% to 83% were carried out in the presence of various aromatic solvents. It was found that three ring aromatic hydrocarbons were more powerful solvent for the liquefaction. Hydrogen donor solvents such as tetralin and hydrophenanthrenes were most effective of all solvents tested independent of coal rank. A mixture of hydrogen donor and polar compounds such as phenol and quinoline was confirmed to be effective to bituminous coal but not so effective to brown coal. It should be stressed that hydrogen donating property of solvent is most important for low rank coals. The chemical analyses of products have shown that the properties of solvent refined coal are a little affected by the quality of solvent.
35 GHz Active Aperture (2005)

Characteristics of a millimeter wave active array are described. Injection-locked pulsed IMPATT oscillators providing 36 watts peak transmitter power are integrated with a stripline-fed image array having a gain of 29 dBi. Performance of the transmitter, antenna and integrated active aperture are discussed.
Anion Channels and the Stimulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation by Blue Light in Arabidopsis Seedlings1 (1998)

Activation of anion channels by blue light begins within seconds of irradiation in seedlings and is related to the ensuing growth inhibition. 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) is a potent, selective, and reversible blocker of these anion channels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that 20 microM NPPB blocked 72% of the blue-light-induced accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in seedlings. Feeding biosynthetic intermediates to wild-type and tt5 seedlings provided evidence that NPPB prevented blue light from up-regulating one or more steps between and including phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone isomerase. NPPB was found to have no significant effect on the blue-light-induced increase in transcript levels of PAL1, CHS, CHI, or DFR, which are genes that encode anthocyanin-biosynthetic enzymes. Immunoblots revealed that NPPB also did not inhibit the accumulation of the chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, or flavanone-3-hydroxylase proteins. This is in contrast to the reduced anthocyanin accumulation displayed by a mutant lacking the HY4 blue-light receptor, as hy4 displayed reduced expression of the above enzymes. Taken together, the data indicate that blue light acting through HY4 leads to an increase in the amount of biosynthetic enzymes but blue light must also act through a separate, anion-channel-dependent system to create a fully functional biosynthetic pathway.
AMPS cell transmitter interference to CDMA mobile receiver (2002)

There exists significant interference from an AMPS base transmitter to a CDMA mobile receiver. This interference is severe when the CDMA mobile gets close to a same-system noncolocated AMPS site or close to other-system AMPS site. We investigate the interference of AMPS cell site to a CDMA mobile subscriber unit in 1:3 colocated AMPS and CDMA deployment (or other pattern). A quantitative evaluation of the interference was carried out including the side-band noise and an exact evaluation of third order intermodulation. The paper covers same system interference as well as other system interference.
A Deep Learning Approach to Universal Image Manipulation Detection Using a New Convolutional Layer (2016)

When creating a forgery, a forger can modify an image using many different image editing operations. Since a forensic examiner must test for each of these, significant interest has arisen in the development of universal forensic algorithms capable of detecting many different image editing operations and manipulations. In this paper, we propose a universal forensic approach to performing manipulation detection using deep learning. Specifically, we propose a new convolutional network architecture capable of automatically learning manipulation detection features directly from training data. In their current form, convolutional neural networks will learn features that capture an image's content as opposed to manipulation detection features. To overcome this issue, we develop a new form of convolutional layer that is specifically designed to suppress an image's content and adaptively learn manipulation detection features. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed approach can automatically learn how to detect multiple image manipulations without relying on pre-selected features or any preprocessing. The results of these experiments show that our proposed approach can automatically detect several different manipulations with an average accuracy of 99.10%.
Active system for compensation for IR drops (2008)

The IR drop is an unresolved problem of all VLSI chips having meaningful power consumption. Variations in the chip current consumption and non-negligible supply and ground grids resistance usually cause IR induced local supply voltage sag and ground voltage elevation (supply and ground IR drop), which causes internal paths delay instability, and, in the case of low supply voltages, becomes critical.We propose active system for IR drop compensation, based on independent voltage boost circuits, taking care of the supply and the ground nets, and placed multiple times on the chip's current "starving" areas. It effectively compensates for fast IR drop components. Combination with the "remote sense" capability of the external power supply, it provides solution for static and slow IR drop components. Our system allows keeping automatically stable average supply voltage inside the chip close to the target, regardless of the current consumption transient. Hence, we can decrease the power supply static guard band, usually taken to compensate for the IR drops, that adversely affects the chip power consumption.
Biphasic effect of nitroglycerin on coronary hemodynamics in normal subjects. (1989)

Coronary blood flow responses to nitroglycerin (NTG) in patients have been reported to be extremely variable. In dogs, NTG has a striking biphasic effect on coronary hemodynamics, consisting of a brisk increase followed by a decrease in coronary flow. To determine the effect of the drug on the coronary circulation in normal humans, NTG was injected I.C. (50 and 300 mcg) in 11 normals, and its effects on coronary flow velocity were compared to those of I. C. papaverine (6, 8, 10, and 12 mg) and saline (0.5 and 3.0 ml). Coronary flow velocity was measured using a 3F coronary Doppler catheter. The effect of each drug on coronary blood flow was analyzed in terms of both magnitude and duration (s) of the transient vasodilatory response following administration. Changes in coronary flow velocity (expressed as peak/resting velocity ratio) after 6, 8, 10, and 12 mg papaverine were (mean +/- SEM) 2.7 +/- 0.1, 3.4 +/- 0.3, 3.7 +/- 0.2, and 3.9 +/- 0.2, respectively. Very mild changes were observed with saline (1.3 +/- 0.1 and 1.7 +/- 0.1 after 0.5 and 3.0 ml, respectively), while ratios of 2.4 +/- 0.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 were obtained after NTG 50 and 300 mcg, respectively. The effect of 300 mcg NTG was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that of saline, 6 mg papaverine and 50 mcg NTG, lower than that of 12 mg papaverine and not significantly different from that of 8 and 10 mg papaverine. In terms of duration, the effect of 300 mcg NTG on coronary flow velocity was more prolonged than that of saline and 50 mcg NTG, and shorter than that of 6 to 12 mg papaverine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cytogenetical investigations on genic male sterility in Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P. (1988)

Cytogenetical investigations on a spontaneous male sterile mutant isolated from the inbred lines of white flowered variety of Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P., revealed a digenic pattern of inheritance of the mutant character. The original mutant as well as those obtained subsequently in F2 and F3 generations showed unimpaired female fertility and resembled in morphology the male fertile sibs, except for the small, shrivelled empty anthers.Microsporogenesis in the sterile paints was apparently normal upto the liberation of microspores from the tetrads, which degenerated subsequently resulting in complete absence of pollen grains in the anthers. In addition, male sterility was found to be invariably associated with atypical behaviour of tapetum, characterised by prolonged nuclear divisions and untimely degeneration as a result of conversion from glandular to periplasmodial type.
Synergy-based optimal design of hand pose sensing (2012)

This paper investigates the optimal design of low-cost gloves for hand pose sensing. This problem becomes particularly relevant when limits on the production costs of sensing gloves are taken into account. These cost constraints may limit both the number and the quality of sensors used as well as the technology adopted. For this reason, an optimal distribution of sensors on the glove during the design phase is mandatory in order to obtain good hand pose reconstruction. In this paper, by exploiting the knowledge on how humans most frequently use their hands in grasping tasks, we study the problem of how and where to place sensors on the glove in order to get the maximum information about the actual hand posture, and hence minimize in average the reconstruction error. Simulations and experiments of reconstruction performance are reported to validate the proposed optimal design of sensing devices.
SPECTRAL SPECIFIC RESPONSES IN THE VISUAL BEHAVIOR OF THE GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, <i>TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM</i> (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) (1975)

Attraction of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. to reflected and to transmitted light of various wavelength compositions was measured by trapping and counting adults on greased, colored surfaces. The wavelength composition of the reflecting or transmitting surfaces was spectrophotometrically determined. The whiteflies showed a strongly positive response to surfaces with maximum reflectance or transmittance in the “yellow‐green” region (520–610 nm), and a moderately positive response to ultra‐violet (< 400 nm). Light in the “blue‐violet” region seemed to inhibit the response, and “red” (610 to ca. 700 nm) might also be moderately inhibitory. The response to the most excitatory hues sharply decreases with darker shades or with less saturated tints of the same hues. The implications of these responses in the mechanisms of host selection by the greenhouse whitefly are discussed. Zusammenfassung SPEKTRALSPEZIFISCHE REAKTIONEN BEIM VISUELLEN VERHALTEN DER WEISSEN FLIEGE , TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM ( HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE ) Die Attraktion der Weißen Fliege zu remittiertem und transmittiertem Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen‐Kombinationen (spektrometrisch bestimmt) wurde gemessen durch Fang und Auszählen von angeflogenen Adulten an geleimten, farbigen Oberflächen. Die Weißen Fliegen zeigten eine starke positive Reaktion zu Oberflächen mit maximaler Remission oder Transmission im Gelb‐Grün‐Bereich (520–610 nm) und eine mäßige positive Reaktion zu UV (< 400 nm). Licht im Blau‐Violett‐Bereich scheint die Reaktion zu hemmen und Rot (610 bis etwa 700 nm) scheint ebenfalls hemmend zu sein. Die Reaktion zu den Farbtönen mit höchster Wirksamkeit nimmt stark ab bei geringerer Intensität (Schwarzverhüllung) oder geringerer Sättigung (Weissverhüllung) der Farbtöne. Die Bedeutung dieser Reaktionen für den Mechanismus der Wirtswahl der Weißen Fliege wird diskutiert.
Detection and tracking of moving objects hidden from view (2016)

We use a femtosecond laser and a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera to develop a system that is able to locate objects hidden from view and track their motion.