gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 60 kb/s–10 Mb/s Adaptive Frequency Hopping Transceiver for Interference-Resilient Body Channel Communication (2009)

An interference-resilient 60 kb/s-10 Mb/s body channel transceiver using the human body as a signal transmission medium is designed for multimedia and medical data transaction in body-area network. The body antenna effect which interferes with signals in the human body channel is examined. The body-induced interferences degrade the SIR of the signal to -22 dB in the worst case. In order to overcome the body antenna effect, a 4-channel adaptive frequency hopping scheme using the 30-120 MHz band is introduced to the body channel transceiver. A direct-switching modulator using dual frequency synthesizers and a DLL-based demodulator are proposed for 10 Mb/s FSK and the 4.2 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</i> s hopping time. The transceiver fabricated with 0.18 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</i> m CMOS withstands -28 dB SIR and its operating distance is over 1.8 m with - 25 dB SIR. Its energy consumption is 0.37 nJ/b with -65 dBm sensitivity.
Open tube diffusion of Zn into AlGaAs and GaAs (1983)

A new method of open tube zinc diffusion into AlGaAs and GaAs using a confined chamber has been developed. The depth and quality of Zn diffusion into GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs (0.1≤x≤0.5) at 700 °C, are compared with the traditional closed tube diffusion process. It is seen that the new process provides for a very well controlled diffusion depth and allows shallow diffusion. The specific resistivity and surface carrier concentration are measured by the Van der Pauw method. The diffusion quality is affected by the choice of solvent metals. Some variations of solvent metals are discussed. This technique is used for improvement of ohmic contacts in monolithic integrated-optical devices.
Cingulate Motor Areas (1993)

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the participation of cingulate cortex in skeletomotor function in primates. Evidence suggests that cingulate cortex is not homogeneous and that some parts of this region are more directly involved in somatic motor control than others. For the purposes of this review, we will divide cingulate cortex into two subdivisions. The first is the cingulate gyrus, which in this chapter includes only cortex on the interhemispheric surface. Traditionally, this region has been considered part of the limbic system (Broca, 1878; Papez, 1937). Based on existing evidence, the cingulate gyrus appears to be primarily involved in the expression of emotions and inner drives, the control of autonomic functions, the direction of attention toward sensory stimuli, and the motivational-affective response to noxious stimuli.
An automated frequency domain technique for dielectric spectroscopy of materials (1979)

The technique is used for measuring the dielectric properties of materials in the range from 1 MHz to 1.3 GHz is described. Modifications in the commercially available network analyser system which will permit increased accuracy and will simultaneously take into account errors arising from nonlinearities of the network analyser are also presented. The technique is demonstrated for both low- and high-loss liquids, such as carbon tetrachloride, propanol and butanol.
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of peptides. (1994)

The T2 mutant cell line is unable to load peptides into the MHC class I Ags inside the cells. These "empty" MHC class I Ags are not expressed on the cell surface unless the cells are cultured at low temperatures. Expression will occur at 37 degrees C only in the presence of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I Ags. T2 cells transfected with the B*2705 gene were tested with a panel of anti-HLA-B27 mAb. Two of the antibodies, ME1 and KS3, reacted with the "empty" HLA-B27 expressed at low culture temperatures. Three antibodies, B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2, were unreactive with these "empty" HLA-B27. The cells were then incubated with a panel of HLA-B27-binding peptides. One of the antibodies, Ye-2, became reactive when the cells were incubated with a peptide derived from HIV gp120 and to a less degree with a peptide derived from histone H3.3. Mouse L cells transfected with the B*2705 and the human beta 2m genes also reacted very poorly with B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2. Those two peptides were also able to induce high increase in Ye-2 reactivity. Alternately, increase in Ye-2 reactivity was also observed when the L cells were incubated with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. These experiments indicate that the Ye-2 anti-HLA-B27 mAb recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of certain residing peptides either added exogenously or expressed endogenously. The B27.M1 and B27.M2 antibodies might share similar characteristics.
Physiological interactions between Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 and Na<sub>v</sub>1.8 sodium channels: a computer simulation study (2011)

We have examined the question of how the level of expression of sodium channel Na(v)1.8 affects the function of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that also express Na(v)1.7 channels and, conversely, how the level of expression of sodium channel Na(v)1.7 affects the function of DRG neurons that also express Na(v)1.8, using computer simulations. Our results demonstrate several previously undescribed effects of expression of Na(v)1.7: 1) at potentials more negative than -50 mV, increasing Na(v)1.7 expression reduces current threshold. 2) Na(v)1.7 reduces, but does not eliminate, the dependence of action potential (AP) threshold on membrane potential. 3) In cells that express Na(v)1.8, the presence of Na(v)1.7 results in larger amplitude subthreshold oscillations and increases the frequency of repetitive firing. Our results also demonstrate multiple effects of expression of Na(v)1.8: 1) dependence of current threshold on membrane potential is eliminated or reversed by expression of Na(v)1.8 at ≥50% of normal values. 2) Expression of Na(v)1.8 alone, in the absence of Na(v)1.7, can support subthreshold oscillation. 3) Na(v)1.8 is required for generation of overshooting APs, and its expression results in a prolonged AP with an inflection of the falling phase. 4) Increasing levels of expression of Na(v)1.8 result in a reduction in the voltage threshold for AP generation. 5) Increasing levels of expression of Na(v)1.8 result in an attenuation of Na(v)1.7 current during activity evoked by sustained depolarization due, at least in part, to accumulation of fast inactivation by Na(v)1.7 following the first AP. These results indicate that changes in the level of expression of Na(v)1.7 and Na(v)1.8 may provide a regulatory mechanism that tunes the excitability of small DRG neurons.
Estimation of stem volume using laser scanning-based canopy height metrics (2006)

The aim of this study was to test different stem volume predictors that are capable of utilizing laser scanning-based canopy height metrics as independent variables. The three laser scanning-based methods compared were (1) a direct prediction model for the stem volume at plot level, (2) a volume prediction system based on the modelled percentiles of the basal area diameter distribution, and (3) a parameter prediction method used to determinate Weibull-based basal area diameter distributions for the plot-level stem volume prediction. The predicted volumes were also compared with field-measured volumes obtained with the Finnish conventional inventory by compartments. The best results were obtained with the first method, i.e. the model that predicts plot-level stem volumes directly, which is logical. Furthermore, the simulated reduction of point density of laser data had no effect on the accuracy of stem volume predictions. The percentile-based modelling of diameter distributions was applied, in particular, to the determination of non-homogenous stand structure; using this method, it is even possible to fit multimodal distributions. In terms of the accuracy of the predicted plot-level stem volumes, the volume prediction method based on modelled percentiles of basal area diameter distributions was the second best, whereas the volume prediction method based on the parameter prediction of the Weibull-based basal area diameter distributions resulted in slightly worse results. However, the accuracies of the three laser-based volume prediction methods tested were superior to the published results of spectral value-based remote sensing studies implemented using data collected from Finland. Furthermore, the accuracy of plot-level stem volume estimates calculated from field assessments was considerably weaker than the accuracy of the three volume prediction methods that utilized measures obtained with laser scanning.
NeuroPipe-Chip: A digital neuro-processor for spiking neural networks (2002)

Computing complex spiking artificial neural networks (SANNs) on conventional hardware platforms is far from reaching real-time requirements. Therefore we propose a neuro-processor, called NeuroPipe-Chip, as part of an accelerator board. In this paper, we introduce two new concepts on chip-level to speed up the computation of SANNs. These concepts are implemented in a prototype of the NeuroPipe-Chip. We present the hardware structure of the prototype and evaluate its performance in a system simulation based on a hardware description language (HDL). For the computation of a simple SANN for image segmentation, the NeuroPipe-Chip operating at 100 MHz shows an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude compared to an Alpha 500 MHz workstation and approaches real-time requirements for the computation of SANNs in the order of 10(6) neurons. Hence, such an accelerator would allow for applications of complex SANNs to solve real-world tasks like real-time image processing. The NeuroPipe-Chip has been fabricated in an Alcatel 0.35-mum digital CMOS technology.
Effect of electric field on the metal-insulator transition with the formation of superstructure (2004)

The mechanism of the effect of an electric field on the metal-insulator transition with the formation of superstructure is considered with allowance for the field modulation of the electronic spectrum. Experimental data on the switching effect in vanadium dioxide are interpreted on the basis of this modified model.
Interactive generation of graphical user interfaces by multiple visual examples (1994)

The construction of application-specific Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) still needs considerable programming partly because the mapping between application data and its visual representation is complicated. This study proposes a system which generates GUIs by generalizing multiple sets of application data and its visualization examples. The most notable characteristic of the system is that programmers can interactively modify the mapping by “correcting” the system-generated visualization examples that represent the system's current notion of programmer's intentions. Conflicting mappings are automatically resolved via the use of constraint hierarchies.
Strain for CMOS performance improvement (2006)

Device improvement with strain engineering is considered a way to enhance the carrier mobility. Several stress-transfer techniques (such as etch-stop liner, stress transfer technique, e-SiGe) using extra integration process into an existing baseline process is demonstrated. In addition, new preparation techniques of strained-Si surface (e.g. biaxial tensile stress) and different substrate orientation to enhance mobility are introduced. The challenges and vitality of each method are discussed and compared. In addition, we highlight how the stress oriented from the layout geometry affects the device electrical behavior. The issues and improvement in the circuit level device modeling are discussed.
N,N-Diethanolaminomethylpolystyrol: ein effizienter fester Träger für die Immobilisierung von Boronsäuren (1999)

Der Schlüssel zur Wirksamkeit von N,N-Diethanolaminomethylpolystyrol (DEAM-PS), dem ersten festen Träger, der Boronsäuren binden kann, ist die Bildung eines stabilen, harzgebundenen Boronat-Addukts (siehe Schema). Mit diesem Harz ist es möglich, ein breites Spektrum von Boronsäuren wirksam zu immobilisieren, darunter auch funktionalisierte, die durch kombinatorische Synthesen an fester Phase derivatisiert werden können.
Surface Coatings Available to Industry Today (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of surface coatings in industry is rapidly increasing. Surface coatings, used principally for their wear qualities, can be divided into three broad categories: chemical platings, hard facings, and flame spraying. Processes are briefly described; examples are given of the uses of the surface coatings produced; and comparisons are made. Particular attention is given to the various flame spray processes and coatings. The importance of particle velocity to the qualities of flame spray coatings is demonstrated. Examples are given of some recent advances in the technology of flame spray surface coatings, and related data are presented. Porosity of coatings and porosity measurement techniques; efficacy of epoxy sealing of coatings for enhanced corrosion protection; very high purity plasma-applied compositions; and the use of plasma coating techniques to fabricate parts are discussed.</div>
User Tests for Assessing a Medical Image Retrieval System: A Pilot Study (2013)

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has often been proposed to assist medical decision making in complement to textual information search. However, applications of this novel technology have rarely reached the end users. The study presented in this paper describes the design and setup for performing pilot user tests in order to assess a medical information retrieval system that supports CBIR with the goal of having more detailed tests with an updated system. Five individuals with medical education participated in the study at the University hospitals of Geneva. They were recorded and observed while interacting with the system, and then provided feedback on the usability of the system. Participants seemed to understand the concept and practical uses of the new tools, and needed 10-15 minutes to feel confident with the system. The results of this pilot study will be used for improving the system functionalities as well as an input for designing a new iteration of larger-scale user tests among radiologists.
Designing for Disadvantaged Job Seekers (2016)

The Internet plays a pervasive role in job search and employment, especially for professionals and for those who are highly qualified. While job seekers from all occupational groups and employment status rely on aspects of the Internet for employment, past research suggests that disadvantaged job seekers are being "left behind" and will continue to be left behind as the Internet takes on a more eminent role in the employment process. To mitigate this outcome, we extended prior literature and took a user-centered design approach to design and implement a web-based employment application that provides job seekers with resume feedback from local volunteers. We piloted our application to understand: 1) the context and circumstances of our application's shortcomings and 2) UX principles that address these shortcomings. We extend employment research that aims to alleviate the negative effects of technological advancement on disadvantaged job seekers.
Self-Assembled Cationic Biodegradable Nanoparticles from pH-Responsive Amino-Acid-Based Poly(Ester Urea Urethane)s and Their Application As a Drug Delivery Vehicle (2015)

The objective of this study is to develop a new family of biodegradable and biologically active copolymers and their subsequent self-assembled cationic nanoparticles as better delivery vehicles for anticancer drugs to achieve the synergism between the cytotoxicity effects of the loaded drugs and the macrophage inflammatory response of the delivery vehicle. This family of cationic nanoparticles was formulated from a new family of amphiphilic cationic Arginine-Leucine (Arg-Leu)-based poly(ester urea urethane) (Arg-Leu PEUU) synthesized from four building blocks (amino acids, diols, glycerol α-monoallyl ether, and 1,6 hexamethylene diisocyanate). The chemical, physical, and biological properties of Arg-Leu PEUU biomaterials can be tuned by controlling the feed ratio of the four building blocks. The Arg-Leu PEUU copolymers have weight-average molecular weights from 13.4 to 16.8 kDa and glass-transition temperatures from -3.4 to -4.6 °C. The self-assembled cationic nanoparticles (Arg-Leu PEUU NPs) were prepared using a facile dialysis method. Arg-Leu PEUU NPs have average diameters ranging from 187 to 272 nm, show good biocompatibility with 3T3 fibroblasts, and they support bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) proliferation and adhesion. Arg-Leu PEUU NPs also enhanced the macrophages' production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), but produced relatively low levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and therefore, the antitumor activity of macrophages might be enhanced. Arg-Leu PEUU NPs were taken up by HeLa cells after 4 h of incubation. The in vitro hemolysis assay showed the cationic Arg-Leu PEUU NPs increased their chance of endosomal escape at a more acidic pH. Doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully incorporated into the Arg-Leu PEUU NPs, and the DOX-loaded Arg-Leu PEUU NPs exhibited a pH-dependent drug release profile with accelerated release kinetics in a mild acidic condition. The DOX-loaded 6-Arg-4-Leu-4 A/L-2/1 NPs showed higher HeLa cell toxicity than the free DOX at the same concentration after 24 h of treatment. The results suggest the cationic Arg-Leu PEUU NPs could potentially be a useful carrier family for hydrophobic anticancer drugs and produce a synergistic effect between DOX cytotoxicity and the production of TNF-α and NO by macrophages.
Interplay between Alpha/Beta and Gamma Interferons with B, T, and Natural Killer Cells in the Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2004)

The essential components of the immune system that control primary and chronic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice were investigated. Infection within the first few days can be controlled by alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) alone without significant contribution of B, T, or NK cells. IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma cooperate in the elimination of virus in the absence of these lymphocytes. In contrast, B, T, or NK cells appear to be required to control persistent infection with HSV-1. These results suggest that distinct and essential immune elements are recruited in a time-dependent fashion to control acute and persistent HSV-1 infection.
Group updates and multiscaling: an efficient neural network approach to combinatorial optimization (1996)

A multiscale method is described in the context of binary Hopfield-type neural networks. The appropriateness of the proposed technique for solving several classes of optimization problems is established by means of the notion of group update which is introduced here and investigated in relation to the properties of multiscaling. The method has been tested in the solution of partitioning and covering problems, for which an original mapping to Hopfield-type neural networks has been developed. Experimental results indicate that the multiscale approach is very effective in exploring the state-space of the problem and providing feasible solutions of acceptable quality, while at the same it offers a significant acceleration.
Fluorescence monitoring of antibiotic-induced bacterial damage using flow cytometry (1999)

Flow cytometry provides a rapid and sensitive technique for the evaluation of the antibacterial activities of antibiotics. The use of a range of fluorophores specific for different cellular characteristics may be beneficial, bearing in mind the different fluorescence responses observed among the dyes used here.
Transcriptional alterations in the left ventricle of three hypertensive rat models (2006)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly associated with hypertension and represents an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the cardiac overload related to hypertension is associated to a specific gene expression pattern independently of genetic background. Gene expression levels were obtained with microarrays for 15,866 transcripts from RNA of left ventricles from 12-wk-old rats of three hypertensive models [spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), Lyon hypertensive rat (LH), and heterozygous TGR(mRen2)27 rat] and their respective controls. More than 60% of the detected transcripts displayed significant changes between the three groups of normotensive rats, showing large interstrain variability. Expression data were analyzed with respect to hypertension, LVH, and chromosomal distribution. Only four genes had significantly modified expression in the three hypertensive models among which a single gene, coding for sialyltransferase 7A, was consistently overexpressed. Correlation analysis between expression data and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) over all rats identified a larger set of genes whose expression was continuously related with LVMI, including known genes associated with cardiac remodeling. Positioning the detected transcripts along the chromosomes pointed out high-density regions mostly located within blood pressure and cardiac mass quantitative trait loci. Although our study could not detect a unique reprogramming of cardiac cells involving specific genes at early stage of LVH, it allowed the identification of some genes associated with LVH regardless of genetic background. This study thus provides a set of potentially important genes contained within restricted chromosomal regions involved in cardiovascular diseases.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility (2021)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.