gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation defined by maximal elastance. (1988)

This study was undertaken to determine 1) whether a combined radionuclide-hemodynamic technique could define the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation (RV ESPVR) in the clinical setting, 2) whether the human RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance is linear and responsive to inotropic interventions, and 3) whether more easily measured modifications of the ESPVR are reliable substitutes as an index of RV function. Eight patients with normal RV function were studied with simultaneous micromanometer RV pressure measurements and radionuclide ventriculography to construct RV pressure-volume loops. Data were collected at baseline and after at least two alterations in loading conditions with nitroglycerin, phenylephrine, or saline. End systole was defined by maximal elastance (E(t) = P(t)/[V(t) - V0]). Data were also obtained during administration of dobutamine in four patients and after atrial pacing tachycardia in one patient. The RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance was highly linear (r = 0.988-0.999) throughout the range of pressures and volumes tested. Furthermore, the linear correlations were significantly higher (p less than 0.005), and the linear regression standard error of the estimate (SEE) was significantly lower (p less than 0.005) for the RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance compared with modifications of the ESPVR with the ratio of pulmonary artery-dicrotic notch pressure or RV peak pressure to end-ejection volume. Dobutamine or atrial pacing tachycardia produced a leftward shift of the entire RV pressure-volume loop, and in each patient (five of five), the point of maximal elastance fell outside the 95% confidence interval defined by the baseline ESPVR. However, because of the larger SEE, the leftward shift with modifications of the ESPVR was not statistically significant in any patient by the pulmonary artery-dicrotic notch pressure: end-ejection volume ratio and was significant in only one of five patients by the RV peak pressure: end-ejection volume ratio (p less than 0.03). Therefore, it appears that the steady-state RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance in patients with normal RV function is responsive to alterations in inotropic state and is more sensitive to alterations in RV function than the frequently used, more easily measured modifications of the RV ESPVR.
Locomotion versatility through self-reconfiguration (1999)

We discuss a robotic module called a Molecule. Molecules can be the basis for building self-reconfiguring robots. They support multiple modalities of locomotion and manipulation. We describe the design, functionality, and control of the Molecule. We show how a set of Molecules can aggregate as active three-dimensional structures that can move and change shape. Finally, we discuss global motion algorithms for Molecular structures.
Vocal Fold Scarring: Current Concepts and Management (1996)

Scarring of the vocal folds can occur as the result of blunt laryngeal trauma or, more commonly, as the result of surgical, iatrogenic injury after excision or removal of vocal fold lesions. The scarring results in replacement of healthy tissue by fibrous tissue and can irrevocably alter vocal fold function and lead to a decreased or absent vocal fold mucosal wave. The assessment and treatment of persistent dysphonia in patients with vocal fold scarring presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the voice treatment team. The common causes of vocal fold scarring are described, and prevention of vocal fold injury during removal of vocal fold lesions is stressed. The anatomic and histologic basis for the subsequent alterations in voice production and contemporary modalities for clinical and objective assessment will be discussed. Treatment options will be reviewed, including nonsurgical treatment and voice therapy, collagen injection, fat augmentation, endoscopic laryngoplasty, and Silastic medialization.
Evidence for Cytokine Mediation of Disease Expression in Adults Experimentally Infected with Influenza A Virus (1999)

The roles of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in mediating the symptoms and signs of influenza A infection were examined. Adults were intranasally inoculated with a rimantadine-sensitive strain of influenza A HlNl virus and treated with rimantadine or placebo. Viral shedding, secretion weights, symptom scores, and concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in nasal lavage fluids were compared between treatment groups. Viral shedding was associated with increases in local and systemic symptoms, in expelled secretion weights, and in levels of IL-6 and IL-8. Compared with placebo, rimantadine treatment reduced viral shedding, systemic symptoms, and levels of IL-8. Days of viral shedding and IL-6 but not IL-8 concentrations were significantly correlated with the other measures of symptoms and signs. These data support a causal relationship between viral replication, cytokine production, and symptom expression, and they suggest that IL-6 may have a role in mediating symptom and sign expression during influenza A infection.
Reactions of Difluorocarbene with Organozinc Reagents (2013)

Reactions of difluorocarbene with benzyl and alkylzinc halides leading to fluorinated organozinc species have been described. The generated α-difluorinated organozinc reagents are reasonably stable in solution and can be quenched with external electrophiles (iodine, bromine, proton), affording compounds containing the CF(2) fragment.
Identification of the Most Accessible Sites to Ribozymes on the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (2003)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of alternative antiviral therapies is warranted because current treatments for the HCV infection affect only a limited number of patients and lead to significant toxicities. The HCV genome is exclusively present in the RNA form; therefore, ribozyme strategies to target certain HCV sequences have been proposed as anti-HCV treatments. In this study, we determined which regions of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of HCV are accessible to ribozymes by employing an RNA mapping strategy that is based on a trans-splicing ribozyme library. We then discovered that the loop regions of the domain IIIb of HCV IRES appeared to be particularly accessible. Moreover, to verify if the target sites that were predicted to be accessible are truly the most accessible, we assessed the ribozyme activities by comparing not only the trans-splicing activities in vitro but also the trans-cleavage activities in cells of several ribozymes that targeted different sites. The ribozyme that could target the most accessible site identified by mapping studies was then the most active with high fidelity in cells as well as in vitro. These results demonstrate that the RNA mapping strategy represents an effective method to determine the accessible regions of target RNAs and have important implications for the development of various antiviral therapies which are based on RNA such as ribozyme, antisense, or siRNA.
Preparation of Arsenobetaine hydrobromide (1988)

Crystalline arsenobetaine hydrobromide is deposited directly on addition of trimethylarsine to a benzene solution of bromoacetic acid. The product is stable, non-deliquescent and may be readily converted into the free betaine by passage through basic ion exchange resin.
Characteristics of a Polyimide Microvalve (1996)

A new micromachined microvalve has been designed and fabricated for a miniature micropump for nanodialysis [l].
Comparative testing of nondestructive examination techniques for concrete structures (2014)

A multitude of concrete-based structures are typically part of a light water reactor (LWR) plant to provide foundation, support, shielding, and containment functions. Concrete has been used in the construction of nuclear power plants (NPPs) because of three primary properties, its inexpensiveness, its structural strength, and its ability to shield radiation. Examples of concrete structures important to the safety of LWR plants include containment building, spent fuel pool, and cooling towers. Comparative testing of the various NDE concrete measurement techniques requires concrete samples with known material properties, voids, internal microstructure flaws, and reinforcement locations. These samples can be artificially created under laboratory conditions where the various properties can be controlled. Other than NPPs, there are not many applications where critical concrete structures are as thick and reinforced. Therefore, there are not many industries other than the nuclear power plant or power plant industry that are interested in performing NDE on thick and reinforced concrete structures. This leads to the lack of readily available samples of thick and heavily reinforced concrete for performing NDE evaluations, research, and training. The industry that typically performs the most NDE on concrete structures is the bridge and roadway industry. While bridge and roadway structures are thinner and less reinforced, they have a good base of NDE research to support their field NDE programs to detect, identify, and repair concrete failures. This paper will summarize the initial comparative testing of two concrete samples with an emphasis on how these techniques could perform on NPP concrete structures.
Learning to Select Actions with Spiking Neurons in the Basal Ganglia (2012)

We expand our existing spiking neuron model of decision making in the cortex and basal ganglia to include local learning on the synaptic connections between the cortex and striatum, modulated by a dopaminergic reward signal. We then compare this model to animal data in the bandit task, which is used to test rodent learning in conditions involving forced choice under rewards. Our results indicate a good match in terms of both behavioral learning results and spike patterns in the ventral striatum. The model successfully generalizes to learning the utilities of multiple actions, and can learn to choose different actions in different states. The purpose of our model is to provide both high-level behavioral predictions and low-level spike timing predictions while respecting known neurophysiology and neuroanatomy.
CA-125 concentrations in malignant and nonmalignant disease. (1991)

CA-125 is a high-molecular-mass glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of some derivatives of embryonic coelomic epithelium. This tumor-associated antigen widely used to monitor ovarian carcinomas has been suggested as a promising noninvasive test that could differentiate benign from malignant conditions. Based on results of various studies, CA-125 measurement appears to be very useful in monitoring the response to therapy of ovarian carcinoma and for detecting tumor recurrence as exemplified in Case 1. However, because of the high frequency of false-positive results associated with many benign conditions, CA-125 is of little value as a screening test for ovarian carcinoma. A brief list of the most common benign conditions associated with CA-125 increase includes menstruation, pregnancy, benign pelvic tumors, pelvic inflammatory diseases, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, peritonitis, and many diseases leading to pleural effusion or ascites. According to several studies, a marked increase in CA-125 of greater than 1000 units/mL, as seen in Case 2, and even up to 5000 units/mL, could be seen in some benign conditions. This finding further limits the value of CA-125 as a potential noninvasive procedure to differentiate benign from malignant diseases. Although values up to 10,000 units/mL are occasionally seen in patients with ovarian carcinoma, we are reluctant to state that any concentration of CA-125 can be clearly diagnostic of malignancy.
Nopol. I. The Reaction of β-Pinene with Formaldehyde (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNopol. I. The Reaction of β-Pinene with FormaldehydeJ. P. BainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 4, 638–641Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01208a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01208a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Biosynthesis of Collagen (1974)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
ACL reconstruction with quadriceps tendon graft and press-fit fixation versus quadruple hamstring graft and interference screw fixation – a matched pair analysis after one year follow up (2019)

The objective of the study was to compare the results of a primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using the press-fit fixation technique for a quadriceps tendon (QT) graft to a standard quadrupled hamstring (HT) graft with interference screw fixation. A retrospective cohort study with a 12-month follow up provided data for 92 patients. Exclusion criteria were accompanying ligament injuries and contralateral ACL injury. Patients who suffered a graft failure, which was defined as a side-to-side difference of > 3 mm, or infection were rated ‘D’ according to the IKDC and excluded from further evaluation. Forty-six patients underwent primary ACLR using the press-fit fixation technique for autologous bone QT graft. These patients were matched in terms of age, gender, accompanying meniscus tear and cartilage injury to 46 patients who underwent standard HT graft with interference screw fixation. Patients were evaluated according to the Lachman test, Pivot-Shift test, IKDC score, Tegner score, Rolimeter measurements, one-leg hop test, thigh circumference and donor side morbidity. No significant differences in Tegner score (p = 0.9), subjective or objective IKDC score (p = 0.9;p = 0.6), knee stability (Lachman Test p = 0.6; Pivot-Shift Test p = 0.4; Side-to-Side Difference p = 0.4), functioning testing (One-Leg Hop Test p = 0.6; Thigh Circumference p = 0.4) or donor side morbidity (p = 0.4) were observed at the follow up. The Lachman test was negative for 85% of the QT group and 83% of the HT group. The Pivot Shift Test was negative for 80% of the QT group and 85% of the HT group. The mean side-to-side difference was 1.6 ± 0 .2mm in both groups. The one-leg hop test revealed a collateral-side jumping distance of 96.2 ± 8.5% for the QT group and 95.5 ± 8.5% for the HT group. The thigh circumference of the injured leg was 98.3 ± 3.0% on the uninjured side in the QT group and 99.7 ± 3.0% in the HT group. A knee walking test resulted in no discomfort for 90% of the QT group and 85% of the HT group. The graft failure rate was 7.3% in the QT group and 9.8% in the HT group. QT grafts fixated using the press-fit technique are a reliable alternative for primary ACL surgery.
Weight distributions: how deviant can you be? (2002)

We investigate the asymptotic weight distribution of LDPC (low density parity check) code ensembles. We show that two cases, namely, linear and logarithmic growth of the minimum distance can be distinguished, depending on the degree distribution pair. Furthermore, combining this result with Shokrollahi's (2000) flatness condition, we get the surprising conclusion: if we want to achieve capacity, we cannot have large minimum distance!.
JMX0207, a Niclosamide Derivative with Improved Pharmacokinetics, Suppresses Zika Virus Infection Both <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2020)

Flaviviruses causes significant human disease. Recent outbreaks of the Zika virus highlight the need to develop effective therapies for this class of viruses. Previously we identified niclosamide as a broad-spectrum inhibitor for flaviviruses by targeting the interface between viral protease NS3 and its cofactor NS2B. Here, we screened a small library of niclosamide derivatives and identified a new analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compound JMX0207 showed improved efficacy in inhibition of the molecular interaction between NS3 and NS2B, better inhibition of viral protease function, and enhanced antiviral efficacy in the cell-based antiviral assay. The derivative also significantly reduced Zika virus infection on 3D mini-brain organoids derived from pluripotent neural stem cells. Intriguingly, the compound significantly reduced viremia in a Zika virus (ZIKV) animal model. In summary, a niclosamide derivative, JMX0207, was identified, which shows improved pharmacokinetics and efficacy against Zika virus both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
A Micromachined 94 GHz Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Focal Plane Array Applications (2007)

In this paper a new concept of integrating micromachined high-resistivity (HR) silicon dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) compatible with a millimeter wave multichip module deposited (MCM-D) process based on multiple layers of benzocyclobuthene (BCB) is presented. The HR Si wafer is used not only as a carrier substrate for the BCB but also for manufacturing of the integrated antenna elements. A 4times8 focal plane array (FPA) was designed for use in a 94 GHz imaging radar system. Each channel uses a small 2times2 DRA subarray as feed element. By using the presented antenna a higher impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency can be attained compared to the use of microstrip antennas. An improved isolation between the antennas and the feed lines/active circuits is also realized.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic venous ulcers (2013)

Chronic venous ulceration (CVU) is the major cause of chronic wounds of lower extremities, and is a part of the complex of chronic venous disease. Previous studies have hypothesised that several thrombophilic factors, such as hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), may be associated with chronic venous ulcers. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HHcy in patients with venous leg ulcers and the effect of folic acid therapy on wound healing. Eighty-seven patients with venous leg ulcers were enrolled in this study to calculate the prevalence of HHcy in this population. All patients underwent basic treatment for venous ulcer (compression therapy ± surgical procedures). Patients with HHcy (group A) received basic treatment and administered folic acid (1·2 mg/day for 12 months) and patients without HHcy (group B) received only basic treatment. Healing was assessed by means of computerised planimetry analysis. The prevalence of HHcy among patients with chronic venous ulcer enrolled in this study was 62·06%. Healing rate was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in group A patients (78·75%) compared with group B patients (63·33%). This study suggests a close association, statistically significant, between HHcy and CVU. Homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid seems to expedite wound healing. Despite these aspects, the exact molecular mechanisms between homocysteine and CVU have not been clearly defined and further studies are needed.
Poverty in rural areas (1998)

Rural societies are diverse, with a greater proportion of both people in higher socioeconomic groups and those with low pay than in urban populations. 1 2 Scattered among the relatively wealthy landowners, commuters, and professionals are rural dwellers living on very low incomes. 3 4 A recent BMJ editorial exhorted doctors to “combat the damage” of poverty.5 In doing so, doctors should look beyond the rural idyll and recognise that, as elsewhere in the world, poverty in Britain is not confined to cities.

Carr-Hill et al emphasised the importance of looking at very small units—individuals and their families—when considering health needs.6 This is particularly important in rural areas. In cities generalised observations about a street or electoral ward may be reasonably accurate, but in the …
Transcription Factors SOX4 and SOX11 Function Redundantly to Regulate the Development of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells (2013)

SOX family proteins belong to the high-mobility-group (HMG) domain-containing transcription factors, and function as key players to regulate embryonic development and cell fate determination. The highly related group C Sox genes Sox4 and Sox11 are widely expressed in the development of mouse retina and share a similar expression pattern with each other in this process. Here, to investigate the roles of Sox4 and Sox11 in the retinal development, Sox4, Sox11, and Sox4/Sox11 conditional knock-out (CKO) mice with deletion of Sox4, Sox11, and Sox4/Sox11 in retinas were generated. Our studies demonstrated that targeted disruption of Sox4 or Sox11 in retinas caused a moderate reduction of generation of RGCs. However, a complete loss of RGCs was observed in Sox4/Sox11-null retinas, suggesting the two genes play similar roles in the development of RGCs. Our further analysis confirms that Sox4 and Sox11 function redundantly to regulate the generation of RGCs at early embryonic stages as well as the survival of RGCs at late embryonic stages. In addition, we demonstrated that loss of Math5 impairs the expression of Sox4 and Sox11 in the ganglion cell layer while deletion of Brn3b has no effect on the expression of Sox4 and Sox11. Taken together, these findings elucidate SoxC genes as essential contributors to maintain the survival of RGCs, and imply their intermediate position between Math5 and Brn3b in the genetic hierarchy of RGC development.
Information Retrieval from an Incomplete Data Cube (1996)

A data cube is a multidimensional space of aggregate values. The aggregate values in the cube are organised in a hierarchy. Values higher in the hierarchy are aggregations of values lower in the hierarchy. The hierarchical organisation supports `drill-down&apos; and `rollup &apos; which are operations that jump between a low precision and a high precision view of the same aggregate. A complete data cube is a data cube in which every aggregate value in the multidimensional space is stored or can be computed. An incomplete data cube is a data cube in which points in the multidimensional space are missing and cannot be computed. Incomplete data cubes change the nature of retrieving information from a cube since a requested aggregate value might be missing. This paper describes an incomplete data cube design. An incomplete data cube is modeled as a federation of cubettes. A cubette is a complete subcube within the incomplete data cube. The incomplete cube is built piecemeal by giving a concise, high...