gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Concept for Overcoming the Trade-Off between Thermal Efficiency, Each Loss and Exhaust Emissions in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To overcome the trade-offs of thermal efficiency with energy loss and exhaust emissions typical of conventional diesel engines, a new diffusion-combustion-based concept with multiple fuel injectors has been developed. This engine employs neither low temperature combustion nor homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion. One injector was mounted vertically at the cylinder center like in a conventional direct injection diesel engine, and two additional injectors were slant-mounted at the piston cavity circumference. The sprays from the side injectors were directed along the swirl direction to prevent both spray interference and spray impingement on the cavity wall, while improving air utilization near the center of the cavity. Results obtained with a heavy-duty single cylinder engine equipped with multiple injectors indicated that it was possible to achieve the desired heat release rate profile by independent control of injection timing and duration (fuel injection pressure was kept in constant) for each fuel injector. Furthermore, smoke emissions were reduced by improved in-cylinder air utilization, which was possible through a different air-fuel mixture formation process than that found in conventional single-injector diesel engines. Results showed reduced friction loss, heat loss and NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions, while maintaining indicated thermal efficiency by suppressing the peak cylinder pressure, bulk average temperature, and spray flame impingement to the cavity wall. Additionally, a simultaneous reduction in smoke and NOx emissions was achieved, without any deterioration in CO (carbon monoxide) and THC (total hydrocarbon) emissions, even compared with conventional diesel combustion. “CONVERGE” three-dimensional numerical simulation results also suggested that rapid homogenization of local equivalence ratio by improved mixture formation could result in the simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions, even with EGR.</div></div>
Link Performance of WiMAX PUSC (2008)

Link performance of WiMAX (802.16e) downlink and uplink using partial usage subchannelization (PUSC) is evaluated through link-level simulations. WiMAX using single transmit and two receive antennas is compared to a WiMAX system with four transmit and two receive antennas with closed-loop beamforming in the downlink and one transmit and eight receive antennas in the uplink. Two dimensional channel estimators are applied to estimate the channel frequency response using pilot symbols. Spatial channel modeling method is used to model the antenna correlations between multiple transmit and the multiple receive antennas. Link simulations demonstrate that significant link performance improvements can be achieved using closed-loop beamforming for downlink and using more receive antennas for uplink.
Hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent racetrack laser (2007)

We describe an on chip racetrack laser integrated with two photodetectors on the AlGaInAs hybrid silicon evanescent device platform.
Well bore breakouts and in situ stress (1985)

The detailed cross‐sectional shape of stress induced well bore breakouts has been studied using specially processed ultrasonic borehole televiewer data. We show breakout shapes for a variety of rock types and introduce a simple elastic failure model which explains many features of the observations. Both the observations and calculations indicate that the breakouts define relatively broad and flat curvilinear surfaces which enlarge the borehole in the direction of minimum horizontal compression. This work supports the hypothesis that breakouts result from shear failure of the rock where the compressive stress concentration around the well bore is greatest and that breakouts can be used to determine the orientation of the horizontal principal stresses in situ.
Meat Quality Traits in Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire Pigs with Special Emphasis on Genetics (1978)

(1978). Meat Quality Traits in Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire Pigs with Special Emphasis on Genetics. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Vol. 28, No. sup21, pp. 81-90.
Belief-Assisted Pricing for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Wireless Networks with Selfish Users (2006)

In order to fully utilize the scarce spectrum resources, with the development of cognitive radio technologies, dynamic spectrum allocation becomes a promising approach to increase the efficiency of spectrum usage. In this paper, we consider the spectrum allocation in wireless networks with multiple selfish legacy spectrum holders and unlicensed users as multi-stage dynamic games. A belief-assisted dynamic pricing approach is proposed to optimize overall spectrum efficiency while keeping the participating incentives of the users based on double auction rules. Moreover, considering the budget constraints of the unlicensed users, a dynamic programming approach is further developed to optimize the spectrum allocation over time. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme not only approaches optimal outcomes with low overhead compared to general continuous double auction mechanisms, but also fully exploits the time diversity of spectrum resources when budget constraints exist
A reduction in ATP demand and mitochondrial activity with neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (2011)

Here, we have investigated mitochondrial biology and energy metabolism in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hESC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). Although stem cells collectively in vivo might be expected to rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP supply, to minimise production of reactive oxygen species, we show that in vitro this is not so: hESCs generate an estimated 77% of their ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Upon differentiation of hESCs into NSCs, oxidative phosphorylation declines both in absolute rate and in importance relative to glycolysis. A bias towards ATP supply from oxidative phosphorylation in hESCs is consistent with the expression levels of the mitochondrial gene regulators peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, PGC-1β and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) in hESCs when compared with a panel of differentiated cell types. Analysis of the ATP demand showed that the slower ATP turnover in NSCs was associated with a slower rate of most energy-demanding processes but occurred without a reduction in the cellular growth rate. This mismatch is probably explained by a higher rate of macromolecule secretion in hESCs, on the basis of evidence from electron microscopy and an analysis of conditioned media. Taken together, our developmental model provides an understanding of the metabolic transition from hESCs to more quiescent somatic cell types, and supports important roles for mitochondria and secretion in hESC biology.
Distributed Erasure Coding in Data Centric Storage for wireless sensor networks (2009)

In-network storage of data in wireless sensor networks contributes to reduce the communications inside the network and to favor data aggregation. In this paper, we consider the use of erasure codes in combination to in-network storage. We provide an abstract model of in-network storage to show how erasure codes can be used, and we discuss how this can be achieved in two cases of study. We also define a model aimed at evaluating the probability of correct data encoding and decoding, and we exploit this model and simulations to show how the parameters of the erasure code and the network should be configured in order to achieve correct data coding and decoding with high probability even in presence of sensors faults.
High-throughput studies on photochemical properties of transition metal-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films (2006)

Combinatorial pulsed laser deposition approach is suitable to study complex effects such as composition, thickness and surface structure on thin film-based photocatalysis in high-throughput manner. We fabricated composition spreads and thickness gradient films of transition metal-doped SrTiO3(001) on various oxide single crystal substrates and evaluated their photocatalytic activity by the use of photoreduction of Ag+ in AgNO3 solution. We found anomalous film thickness and substrate effects on the Ag-photodeposition in the V-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial thin films grown on the Nb:SrTiO3(001) substrate.
Histopathologic Changes in Growth-Plate Cartilage Following Ischemic Necrosis of the Capital Femoral Epiphysis (2001)

In this model, ischemic necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis resulted in necrosis of the growth plate surrounding the secondary center of ossification. Small new ectopic centers of ossification appeared in the epiphyseal cartilage, explaining in part the fragmented radiographic appearance of the secondary center of ossification.
New polyoxometalate/starch nanomaterial: synthesis, characterization and antitumoral activity (2003)

Using a reversed-phase microemulsion polymerization method, polyoxometalate (POM) CoW11TiO40 loaded starch nanoparticles have been prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV-vis and ESR spectroscopy. The particle size of CoW11TiO40/starch was estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the size ranges by a 1000HSA MALVIRN Zetasizer instrument. The results show that the POMs retained the parent structure after encapsulated by starch microspheres, which are able to enhance the stability and antitumoral activity of POMs and also decrease the toxicity of the POM.
AP4 method for two-tube nested PCR detection of AHPND isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2015)

Our previous work on the mechanism of virulence for the unique isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND) revealed that it was mediated by a binary Pir-like toxin pair ToxA and ToxB. These toxins are located on the pVA plasmid, a plasmid carried by AHPND-causing strain of V. parahaemolyticus with a size of approximately 69 kbp. Using the coding sequences of ToxA, a one-step PCR detection method for VPAHPND was introduced in June 2014 but had the limitation that attempts to adapt it into a nested PCR protocol were unsuccessful. As a result, low levels of VPAHPND in shrimp or other samples could not be detected without first preparing an enrichment broth culture to allow bacterial growth before extraction of template DNA. Here, we describe the AP4 (abbreviation of AHPND detection version 4) method, a two-tube nested PCR method that targets the tandem genes ToxA and ToxB, including the 12 bp spacer that separates them on pVA plasmid. Testing of the method revealed that it gave 100% positive and negative predictive values for VPAHPND using a panel of 104 bacterial isolates including 51 VPAHPND isolates and 53 non-AHPND isolates, the latter including 34 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and 19 isolates of other bacteria found in shrimp ponds, including other Vibrio species. The AP4 nested PCR method was 100 times more sensitive (100 fg total DNA template) than the one-step AP3 (10 pg total DNA template) method, and it could detect VPAHPND in experimentally challenged shrimp by 6 h post immersion (n = 2/3), while AP3 could not detect is until 12 h post immersion (n = 1/3). Thus, the AP4 method may be useful in detecting VPAHPND isolates in samples where target material is limited (e.g., small tissue quantity or archived DNA) and enrichment cannot be employed (i.e., frozen samples or samples preserved in alcohol).
Calcium‐binding properties of fetuin in fetal bovine serum (1994)

Fetuin, an abundant protein in fetal bovine plasma, is the bovine homolog of human alpha 2HS glycoprotein (alpha 2HS). In spite of numerous studies, the biological functions of both proteins remain elusive. We now report the remarkable 45Ca-binding activity of fetuin in fetal bovine serum that has been blotted on a membrane after electrophoresis. The Ca-binding ability of the purified protein was analyzed by equilibrium dialysis, which revealed that bovine fetuin had multiple Ca-binding sites, one of which had a Kd of 0.95 x 10(-4) M. It was also shown that the Ca-binding activity of fetuin was greater than that of albumin in serum of the bovine fetus at the late gestational stage. Since fetal bovine serum contains not only a high concentration of fetuin but also a high concentration of Ca, it is possible that fetuin functions to maintain high levels of Ca in fetal serum via normalization of the concentration of Ca2+ ions.
Total syntheses of fungal metabolites and functionalized furanones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of fungal metabolites and functionalized furanonesKau Ming Chen, J. Edward Semple, and Madeleine M. JoullieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 3997–4005Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00221a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DomeView : community-based digital bulliten boards and mobile phone interaction (2007)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Online monitoring of a bioprocess based on a multi‐analyser system and multivariate statistical process modelling (2002)

Abstract Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) was for the first time applied to analyse data from a bioprocess on‐line multi‐analyser system consisting of an electronic nose (EN), a near‐infrared spectroscope (NIRS), a mass spectrometer (MS) and standard bioreactor probes. One hundred and fifty sensor signals from the electronic nose, 1050 wavelength signals from the NIRS, carbon dioxide evolution rate calculated from mass spectrometer signals and standard bioreactor data (eg amount of substrate fed) were interrogated for their ability to model a bioprocess using MSPC. The models obtained were validated on a recombinant Escherichia coli fed‐batch process for tryptophan production. Limiting trajectories were defined in the MSPC models for warning, action, and process experience with respect to biomass and tryptophan concentrations. The results showed the capacity and robustness of MSPC models for monitoring with multi‐analysers and allowed a comparison of the different analysers' suitability for this kind of data processing. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that MSPC models provide a functional and versatile framework for coping with large information flows and are also suited to a variety of other bioprocessing monitoring and control tasks. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
AROUSAL, MEMORY, AND IMPRESSION-FORMATION EFFECTS OF ANIMATION SPEED IN WEB ADVERTISING (2004)

Abstract Animated advertisements on the Web come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors; they also animate at different speeds. Although recent studies have shown animated ads to be more effective than still ads, the role played by the rate of motion in animated ads has been neglected. An experiment was designed to address this issue by focusing specifically on the physiological and psychological effects of animation speeds in Web ads. Hypotheses derived from motion effects, excitation transfer, limited capacity, and vividness effects theories were tested via a mixed-design experiment wherein participants (N = 47) were exposed to both slow-paced and fast-paced animated ads in one of two sequences (fast then slow, or slow then fast). Arousal was monitored during reception, while memory, conation, and impression formation were measured via a postexposure paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Results indicate that animation speed is a psychologically significant variable. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Water‐Soluble Chelating Agents in Organic Materials: I. Characterization of Chelating Agents and Their Reactions with Trace Metals in Soils (1958)

Abstract Water extracts of barnyard manure, dried and ground alfalfa, and animal feces were found to contain complexing agents which were capable of removing zinc from the soil. This zinc could not be removed by water or a potassium chloride solution, but could be removed with a cupric chloride solution. The complexing agents or combination of agents appear to be of plant origin, and were partially inactivated by incubation of the organic material prior to extraction. It was shown by the principle of resin‐exchange equilibrium that the zinc after removal from the soil was complexed by materials in the water extract of manure. There were at least two complexing agents in the extract, one or more of which formed a 2:1 type of complex and one or more of which formed a 1:1 complex, the resulting average being 1.55:1. The “apparent” stability constant of the combination of agents for zinc was found to be 7.8. The ability of the extract to complex zinc increased as the pH of the extract was increased. The formation of a chelate complex between the zinc and the chelating agents in the extract is postulated.
High resolution electron beam lithography using ZEP-520 and KRS resists at low voltage (1996)

ZEP-520 and KRS resist systems have been evaluated as candidates for use in low voltage electron beam lithography. ZEP-520 is a conventional chain scission resist which has a positive tone for over two orders of magnitude in exposure dose. KRS is a chemically amplified resist which can be easily tone reversed with a sensitivity ∼8 μC/cm2 at 1 keV. Both resist systems are shown to have sensitivities ∼1 μC/cm2 for positive tone area exposures to 1 keV electrons. A decrease in contrast in 50 nm thick resist layers is seen when exposure voltage is lowered from 2 to 1 keV, indicating nonuniform energy deposition over the resist thickness. High resolution single pass lines have been transferred into both Si and SiO2 substrates at both low and high voltages in each resist system without using multilayer resist masks. The ZEP-520 and KRS resists are shown to have resolutions of 50 and 60 nm, respectively, at 1 kV, within a factor of 2 of their high voltage resolutions under identical development conditions. A cusp shaped etch profile in Si allows high aspect ratio 20 nm wide trenches to be fabricated using these resists on bulk Si. Low voltage exposures have been used to pattern gratings with periods as small as 75 and 100 nm in ZEP-520 and KRS, respectively. Low voltage exposures on SiO2 show no indications of pattern distortion due to charging or proximity effects.
Pentabenzyltantalum:  Straightforward Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Application in the Synthesis of [O<sub>2</sub>N]TaBn<sub>3</sub>-Type and [O<sub>3</sub>N]TaBn<sub>2</sub>-Type Complexes (2003)

The direct reaction between tantalum pentachloride and benzylmagnesium chloride leads to pentabenzyltantalum, previously prepared by a two-step synthesis. The X-ray structure of pentabenzyltantalum reveals a square-pyramidal geometry. Pentabenzyltantalum was found to be an efficient starting material for the preparation of amine−phenolate complexes via toluene elimination reactions. Thus, its reactions with amine bis(phenolate) and amine tris(phenolate) ligand precursors gave the tribenzyltantalum and dibenzyltantalum complexes, respectively, in quantitative yields.
COMPACT PERMANENT-MAGNET MACHINES (1997)

ABSTRACT The availability of new high-field permanent-magnet materials has created opportunities for novel topologies of electrical machines with advantageous characteristics such as high efficiency and good power/weight ratio. A disc-type arrangement, with slotless winding and axially-directed flux in the air gap, has particularly short axial length and is well suited for system integration as either generator or motor. Applications include auxiliary power units, electric vehicle drives and wind power generation.
Statistical Tests of the Hypothesis of Reversible Agricultural Supply (1981)

Mike Woods, Luther Tweeten, Daryll E. Ray, Greg Parvin, Statistical Tests of the Hypothesis of Reversible Agricultural Supply, North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 13-19
The design of protocol for e-voting on the Internet (2001)

The paper proposes a practical anonymous secure electronic voting protocol in which the communications are based on the Internet. This protocol employs blind signature to ensure that only eligible registered voters can participate in the election activity, and each eligible registered voter can securely vote at most once. This protocol, with secret sharing methods, prevents any facility from falsifying the result of voting, while achieving the fairness of voting. Our e-voting system is easy to be implemented, since the integration of the user interface with a Web browser and the e-mail software would make it easier. We believe that our system will be an efficient, fair, and practical voting system.
Photoresist shrinkage effects at EUV (2011)

Volumetric mechanical resist shrinkage is shown to cause pattern distortions and profile footing. The shrinkage-induced pattern distortions include corner rounding effects and are essentially the explanation for the corner rounding bias previously observed by Anderson et al.[1]. Two previously-studied mechanisms for resist shrinkage are described: SEM-induced shrinkage and deprotection-induced shrinkage. A third mechanism, shrinkage induced at post-apply bake is also described. Experiments indicate that SEM-induced shrinkage accounts for the vast majority of shrinkage and pattern distortion while deprotection-induced shrinkage, although present, does not contribute significantly to pattern distortion. Shrinkage due to post-apply bake was not observed and thought to be insignificant. A three-dimensional model for shrinkage, based on the standard elastostatic problem in solid mechanics was implemented into a lithography simulator. The model was able to predict two dimensional pattern distortions similar to those observed experimentally.