gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Scanning thermionic emission imaging of cathode surfaces</title> (1999)

The evaluation of the thermionic emission characteristics of a variety of cathode technologies that may have application in the SCALPEL (Scattering with Angular Limitation Projection Electron-beam Lithography) instrument, has been conducted in a modified Scanning Electron Microscope. The thermionic emission image of the source, projected along the column axis by the electrostatic immersion lens of the gun, is analyzed by scanning this image across the entrance aperture of the column by driving the normal alignment coils with the scan drive electronics. The technique may be referred to as Scanning Thermionic Emission Electron Microscopy (STEEM). With this technique, the projected image of the cathode, the cross- over(s) and the cathode surface itself may be imaged by adjusting the focal length of the double condenser lens of the SEM. Images of 0.84 mm diameter cathodes in various forms, including polycrystalline Ta, coated polycrystalline cathodes and single crystal Ta have been examined at a range of magnifications. In addition to operation of the gun with a single large diameter Wehnelt aperture (2.5 mm), cathodes have been studied when located behind a fine mesh in the Wehnelt aperture. Multiple cross-overs with associated beams overlapping further along the axis of the instrument are observed. Single crystal Ta cathodes have been shown to provide the extremely uniform emission in the temperature limited mode, that is required for the effective operation of the SCALPEL technique.
Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles on Electrospun MgTiO<SUB>3</SUB> Ceramic Nanofibers (2006)

A simple method to deposit spherical gold nanoparticles on the surface of MgTiO3 ceramic nanofibers is presented. Electrospun MgTiO3/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) hybrid nanofibers were calcined at 650 degrees C to obtain phase pure ceramic MgTiO3 nanofibers with 100-150 nm diameters. These ceramic nanofibers were immersed in an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as capping agent followed by photoreduction at 365 nm to get a novel Au-MgTiO3 nanocomposite. The formation of gold nanoparticles upon irradiation was confirmed by the appearance of a surface plasmon band (SPB) at 590 nm in the UV-visible absorption spectra. The surface morphology and elemental compositions were analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area diffraction (SAED) pattern in TEM revealed the crystallization of gold by exhibiting strong diffractions correspond to Au(111) and Au(200) crystalline planes in addition to the MgTiO3 diffraction.
The Pulsed Dye Laser: Its Use at 577 nm Wavelength (1987)

The ability to increase laser-induced cutaneous blood vessel damage selectivity is dependent upon optimizing various intrinsic laser parameters. Varying the laser emission wavelength, pulse duration, and/or incident energy dosage allows the clinician potential improvement in the laser treatment of cutaneous small blood vessel processes such as port-wine hemangioma and telangiectasia. The pulsed dye laser at 577 nm and a pulse duration of 300 to 400 microseconds, incorporates desired laser parameters into its design. Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic outcome with this laser reveals favorable results while significantly minimizing potential adverse side effects.
Frequency-stabilized laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser (1989)

We describe a frequency-stabilized diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser that is actively frequency stabilized relative to a reference Fabry-Perot cavity using the Pound-Drever technique. We describe the servo loop and the measurement of its noise and gain performance and demonstrate its ability to reduce the laser frequency noise close to the shotnoise limit of 12.5 mHz/ radicalHz. This corresponds to a linewidth of approximately 1 mHz, well below the Schawlow-Townes limit of 0.13 Hz that applies for a free-running laser.
VDHM: Viewport-DOM Based Heat Maps as a Tool for Visually Aggregating Web Users' Interaction Data from Mobile and Heterogeneous Devices (2015)

Knowing how users interact with Web contents is essential in order to design more effective Web pages and sites. A way to get the data needed for studying Web activity is via analytics tools that, given the amount of information to be processed, generally support the interpretation of results via graphics representations of either raw or aggregated data. With aggregated data, it is quite common to use heat maps, i.e., Visual diagrams where colors can depict, among others, the amount of clicks/taps on a given region of the Web page or the areas that are reached more frequently when the page is scrolled. However, existing view port-based solutions are not designed to aggregate data about the areas that received users' attention when page visualization may change from one device to another. In this paper, a framework capable to support a better understanding of a Web page as a unique information container by collecting information about mobile users' activity on multiple devices and visualizing it in an aggregated map on a per-element rather than a per-region basis is reported.
A Contribution to Protective Measures Against Electric Shock at DC Charging Stations (2019)

With the steadily increasing number of electric vehicles on the market and the associated, ever-growing charging infrastructure, more and more questions regarding the measures against electric shock as well as the verification of charging stations for electric vehicles arise. The installation, the operation as well as the electrical safety especially of DC charging stations is not yet fully standardized respectively regulated. The focus of this paper is on the protective measures against electric shock or in detail on the initial and periodic verification of DC charging stations for electric vehicles. As a first step, the most important legal regulations as well as international standards applicable to charging stations are summarized. Based on this, measurement results including corresponding analyses of various DC charging processes of charging stations of two manufacturers in normal operation and during an event of a fault are compared and documented. In summary, it can be seen that the analyzed DC charging stations do not always react identically with regard to their switch-off behavior or their switch-off times to different fault scenarios.
Synthesis, structure, luminescence and electrochemical studies of a novel class of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with orthometallated aminocarbene ligands (2001)

A series of ruthenium(II) orthometallated aminocarbene complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Their electrochemistry, electronic absorption, emission, and the crystal structures of [Ru(phen)2{C(CH2Ph)NHC6H4}]CF3SO3, [Ru(bpy)2{C(CH2Ph)NMeC6H4}]PF6 and [Ru(bpy)2{C(CH2C4H3S)NHC6H4}]CF3SO3 have been studied. The nature of the electronic transitions and the origin of the emission are discussed and an assignment of a 3MLCT emission has been supported by EHMO studies.
Fluvial products and processes before the evolution of land plants: Evidence from the lower Cambrian Series Rouge, English Channel region (2018)

Abstract Fluvial strata deposited before the advent of land plants are commonly sheet‐like in geometry, lacking in channel forms. Although some pre‐vegetation strata contrast strongly with fluvial strata from later eras, the characterization of pre‐Devonian fluvial drainage systems remains incomplete. Field studies of the fluvial facies and architecture of the Series Rouge are presented to identify the products and processes of fluvial deposition occurring at high latitudes in the early Cambrian. Three different depositional styles or facies associations are recognized. Facies Association 1 is the most abundant (67%) comprising repetitively stacked sheets of trough cross‐stratified sandstone interpreted to represent the preferential preservation of the deepest parts of low sinuosity, braided river channels, 4 to 6 m deep. Facies Association 2 is also common (30%) and displays more complex facies sequences that include stacked sheets of trough cross‐strata, sets of large‐scale tabular cross‐strata, planar strata and subordinate mudstone. These facies are interpreted to reflect deposition in braided rivers with deeper channels, 6 to 8 m deep. These channels were more sinuous and subject to steady lateral migration which resulted in preservation of both deep and shallow parts of the river. Facies Association 3 is uncommon (3%) comprising interbedded sequences of cross‐stratified sandstone and mudstone interpreted to reflect deposition on a muddy coastal plain in a mixture of braided and meandering channels, 1 to 3 m deep. The fluvial strata of the Series Rouge indicate that these pre‐vegetation drainage systems were predominantly braided fluvial in origin. However, the style of braided fluvial deposition varied according to discharge and valley slope, the braided rivers becoming more migratory with decreasing slope. Meandering channel deposition was locally evident but was restricted to channels of low discharge crossing low gradient muddy coastal plains.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by expression of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-specific ribozyme gene. (1994)

We describe the construction of ribozyme genes that are specific to acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC; acetyl-CoA: carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2] mRNAs and the effects of their expression on long-chain fatty acid synthesis. In a cell-free system, these ribozymes precisely cleave ACC mRNA at the expected sites. 30A5 preadipocyte cells stably transfected with the ribozyme gene show a substantial reduction in the amount of ACC mRNA as compared to non-ribozyme-expressing cells. The decrease in ACC mRNA was associated with a significant decrease in ACC enzyme activity, and the rate of fatty acid synthesis fell to about 30-70% of the control. When these cells are induced to differentiate into adipocytes, lipid accumulation is very slow in comparison with control cells. The activity of fatty acid synthase and the mRNA level of beta-actin were not affected. These data indicate that ribozymes designed to specifically target ACC mRNA under in vivo conditions act by decreasing the ACC mRNA level, which, in turn, decreases fatty acid synthesis.
Patternmaking for the underwired bra: New directions (2007)

Abstract This article considers the history of patternmaking, the evolution of flat patternmaking, and brassiere patternmaking. The literature related to patternmaking for the brassiere and the underwired brassiere is reviewed, and the author considers the secrecy currently surrounding the practice of patternmaking and the extent to which this has restricted the growth of innovative practice in this area. The effect this has had on the development, learning and teaching of patternmaking practice is reviewed, and the author presents and evaluates a new approach to bra patternmaking which marks a move away from traditional ‘copy’ methods to a single innovative approach which is practical and provides for further development of patternmaking practice in this area. This study tests the new approach against the traditional method, using industry professionals in both conditions at each of the key stages of patternmaking, cutting, sewing, and fitting. A subsequent double-blind comparison of the product and fitting revealed that experienced patternmakers and fitters were unable to distinguish which bra had been produced using the new method. Feedback from the industry professionals involved in the trial demonstrates a marked preference for the speed and simplicity of the new method.
Silicon Optical Interconnect Device Technologies for 40 Gb/s and Beyond (2012)

Important active technologies, modulators, photodetectors, and thermooptics for low-energy silicon optical interconnects are discussed. High-speed performance up to 40 Gb/s is reported for the silicon modulators and germanium photodetectors, and approaches for further improvement in speed and efficiency are presented. Low-voltage avalanche multiplication is demonstrated, giving a gain-bandwidth product of 75 GHz, while the combined effects of multiplication gain and the Franz-Keldysh effect enable a 5-μm-long germanium photodetector to achieve responsivity in the L-band that is comparable to that in the C-band. With trench-based thermal isolation, a low switching power of 0.4 mW is achieved for a thermooptic switch.
Electronic Structure and Field-Emission Characteristics of Open-Ended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

The field-emission mechanism of open-ended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is studied. Owing to electronic effects that directly alter the bonding mode and remarkably influence the work function, an open-ended SWNT has much better field-emission properties than a closed SWNT; owing to geometrical effects that slightly influence the work function and the amplification factor, an open-ended SWNT with relaxation has higher threshold voltage and higher current density compared to one without relaxation. It is suggested that adjusting the localized electronic states of the emitting regions, by electronic and geometrical means, could improve the field-emission properties of carbon nanotubes.
The Last Three Consecutive Epidermal Growth Factor-like Structures of Human Thrombomodulin Comprise the Minimum Functional Domain for Protein C-activating Cofactor Activity and Anticoagulant Activity (1989)

We have identified a minimum functional domain of human thrombomodulin for anticoagulant activity using deletion analysis. Four mutants were constructed by site-directed deletion mutagenesis to delete one or more epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like structures from the domain of human thrombomodulin containing six repeated EGF-like structures. These deletion mutants were expressed transiently in COS-1 cells, and their protein C-activating cofactor activities in the culture medium were examined. One mutant protein, E456, which contains the fourth, fifth, and sixth EGF-like structures expresses apparent cofactor activity. However, neither E456-N24 (24 NH2-terminal-residue deletion) nor E456-C16 (16 COOH-terminal-residue deletion) have cofactor activity. E456 was partially purified and its anticoagulant effects on plasma clotting time and platelet aggregation examined. E456 expressed almost the same anticoagulant activities as D123 which contains six consecutive EGF-like structures of thrombomodulin. It was concluded that E456 is the minimum functional domain for both protein C-activating cofactor activity and anticoagulant activity.
Picosecond frequency chirping and dynamic line broadening in InGaAsP injection lasers under fast excitation (1983)

We report the first observation of picosecond time-resolved frequency chirping within each longitudinal mode of InGaAsP injection lasers under fast excitation. This transient phenomenon is responsible for the characteristic dynamic line broadening observed in the spectra of injection lasers under modulation. The frequency chirping invariably shows a ‘‘red shift’’ during the optical pulse, and is associated with the refractive index increase due to the carrier density decrease in the process of optical pulse generation. The dynamic line broadening will limit the single-mode fiber transmission bandwidth even when single-longitudinal-mode injection lasers are used.
Deep learning for polyp recognition in wireless capsule endoscopy images (2017)

The comprehensive results have demonstrated that the proposed SSAEIM can provide descriptive characterization for WCE images and recognize polyps in a WCE video accurately. This method could be further utilized in the clinical trials to help physicians from the tedious image reading work.
Total synthesis of prostaglandins. IV. Completely stereospecific synthesis of prostaglandin E1 (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of prostaglandins. IV. Completely stereospecific synthesis of prostaglandin E1Charles J. Sih, J. B. Heather, George P. Peruzzotti, Philip. Price, Rattan. Sood, and Lan-Fong Hsu. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1676–1677Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeled and Measured Act Based Convolver Performance (1987)

hiS paper discusses the implentation of convol- vers employing acoustic charge transport (ACT) delay line elements on GaAs. ACT convolvers con- sist of two counter-propagating ACT delay lines, sensing taps and a nonlinear interaction region (NIR). The sensing taps are in an array common to both delay lines and are nondestructive (NDS). The nonlinear interaction region is implemented with a Schottky barrier diode at- tached to each NDS tap. The output is taken from a bus bar that attaches all the diodes together. Measured results are presented for devices with a 2.5 microsecond interaction region and a 360 MHz clock frequency. Results for this convolver will show bilinear data as well as figures of merit such as spurious-free dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio. The acoustic properties of an NDS array and transducer in an ACT convolver are also included in this paper.
Vibrational spectroscopy—A powerful tool for the rapid identification of microbial cells at the single‐cell level (2009)

Rapid microbial detection and identification with a high grade of sensitivity and selectivity is a great and challenging issue in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, pharmaceutical, or food processing technology. The tedious and time-consuming processes of current microbiological approaches call for faster ideally on-line identification techniques. The vibrational spectroscopic techniques IR absorption and Raman spectroscopy are noninvasive methods yielding molecular fingerprint information; thus, allowing for a fast and reliable analysis of complex biological systems such as bacterial or yeast cells. In this short review, we discuss recent vibrational spectroscopic advances in microbial identification of yeast and bacterial cells for bulk environment and single-cell analysis. IR absorption spectroscopy enables a bulk analysis whereas micro-Raman-spectroscopy with excitation in the near infrared or visible range has the potential for the analysis of single bacterial and yeast cells. The inherently weak Raman signal can be increased up to several orders of magnitude by applying Raman signal enhancement methods such as UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy with excitation in the deep UV region, surface enhanced Raman scattering, or tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
Biology of malarial liver stages: implications for vaccine design (1998)

The molecular events controlling sporozoite invasion and exo-erythrocytic (EE) development within hepatocytes are largely not understood, and EE parasites are probably better defined immunologically than biologically. The observation that the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite antigen TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) contains multiple adhesive domains that recognize endothelial and hepatocyte receptors indicates that, like leucocyte passage across capillaries, sporozoite invasion probably involves a co-ordinated interaction between sporozoite and hepatic molecules. The parallel with leucocyte extravasation is strengthened by the finding that TRAP contains a functional, integrin-like, I domain. EE parasites are an important target of immunity elicited by irradiated sporozoites, and much current effort is focused on developing malaria vaccines targeting EE parasites. Only one EE-specific antigen, liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA-1), is known to be expressed during EE development and may contribute to protective immunity elicited by irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites. In a study in Papua New Guinea, resistance to P. falciparum infection correlated with CD8+ T-cell interferon-gamma responses to an LSA-1 epitope that contains an HLA A11-restricted sequence. Since A11 is > 40% frequent in this population it is reasonable to suggest that, as with B53 responses to LSA-1 in The Gambia, P. falciparum has driven genetic selection of certain HLA haplotypes, as proposed by Haldane nearly 50 years ago. LSA-1 is thus an important vaccine candidate, and is being expressed in bacterial and phage vectors.
Network localization of neurological symptoms from focal brain lesions (2015)

A traditional and widely used approach for linking neurological symptoms to specific brain regions involves identifying overlap in lesion location across patients with similar symptoms, termed lesion mapping. This approach is powerful and broadly applicable, but has limitations when symptoms do not localize to a single region or stem from dysfunction in regions connected to the lesion site rather than the site itself. A newer approach sensitive to such network effects involves functional neuroimaging of patients, but this requires specialized brain scans beyond routine clinical data, making it less versatile and difficult to apply when symptoms are rare or transient. In this article we show that the traditional approach to lesion mapping can be expanded to incorporate network effects into symptom localization without the need for specialized neuroimaging of patients. Our approach involves three steps: (i) transferring the three-dimensional volume of a brain lesion onto a reference brain; (ii) assessing the intrinsic functional connectivity of the lesion volume with the rest of the brain using normative connectome data; and (iii) overlapping lesion-associated networks to identify regions common to a clinical syndrome. We first tested our approach in peduncular hallucinosis, a syndrome of visual hallucinations following subcortical lesions long hypothesized to be due to network effects on extrastriate visual cortex. While the lesions themselves were heterogeneously distributed with little overlap in lesion location, 22 of 23 lesions were negatively correlated with extrastriate visual cortex. This network overlap was specific compared to other subcortical lesions (P < 10(-5)) and relative to other cortical regions (P < 0.01). Next, we tested for generalizability of our technique by applying it to three additional lesion syndromes: central post-stroke pain, auditory hallucinosis, and subcortical aphasia. In each syndrome, heterogeneous lesions that themselves had little overlap showed significant network overlap in cortical areas previously implicated in symptom expression (P < 10(-4)). These results suggest that (i) heterogeneous lesions producing similar symptoms share functional connectivity to specific brain regions involved in symptom expression; and (ii) publically available human connectome data can be used to incorporate these network effects into traditional lesion mapping approaches. Because the current technique requires no specialized imaging of patients it may prove a versatile and broadly applicable approach for localizing neurological symptoms in the setting of brain lesions.