gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SECONDARY PHOSPHINE SULFIDES (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSECONDARY PHOSPHINE SULFIDESGrace PetersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4751Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of Hamamatsu S8550 APD Array to the Common PET/CT Detector (2008)

The progress of nuclear medicine and X-ray computer imaging encourage the researchers to develop new dual modality positron emission/X-rays tomography (PET/CT) systems, to acquire both the anatomical and the functional information during the same measurement, relying on the same detection system and electronics at the same time. The aim of this work was to study a detector consisting of four LSO pixel crystals coupled to a Hamamatsu S8550 avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The measurements covered tests of the detectors in the PET and in the CT modes using counting and current modes, respectively. The measurements included a determination of the light output, energy resolution, non-proportionality of the light yield and time resolution for 511 keV annihilation quanta, characterizing the PET detector, and the dependence of a counting rate versus a mean current of APD in the X-ray detection.
Heterogeneity of violence in schizophrenia and implications for long-term treatment (2008)

Violence in schizophrenia is aetiologically heterogeneous. This heterogeneity has therapeutic implications that impact clinical practice today and should be further explored in future studies.
Biogenic Magnetite Formation through Anaerobic Biooxidation of Fe(II) (2001)

The presence of isotopically light carbonates in association with fine-grained magnetite is considered to be primarily due to the reduction of Fe(III) by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in the environment. Here, we report on magnetite formation by biooxidation of Fe(II) coupled to denitrification. This metabolism offers an alternative environmental source of biogenic magnetite.
Hypertext based distributed object management for information location and retrieval (2002)

Present user communities exchange information through media like electronic mail, computer news groups, information servers, and so on. Old methods and technologies are not able to deal with large amounts of information. This paper discusses an efficient solution for managing information with the help of a hypertext/hypermedia approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genomic and metabolic adaptations of <i>Methanobrevibacter smithii</i> to the human gut (2007)

The human gut is home to trillions of microbes, thousands of bacterial phylotypes, as well as hydrogen-consuming methanogenic archaea. Studies in gnotobiotic mice indicate that Methanobrevibacter smithii, the dominant archaeon in the human gut ecosystem, affects the specificity and efficiency of bacterial digestion of dietary polysaccharides, thereby influencing host calorie harvest and adiposity. Metagenomic studies of the gut microbial communities of genetically obese mice and their lean littermates have shown that the former contain an enhanced representation of genes involved in polysaccharide degradation, possess more archaea, and exhibit a greater capacity to promote adiposity when transplanted into germ-free recipients. These findings have led to the hypothesis that M. smithii may be a therapeutic target for reducing energy harvest in obese humans. To explore this possibility, we have sequenced its 1,853,160-bp genome and compared it to other human gut-associated M. smithii strains and other Archaea. We have also examined M. smithii's transcriptome and metabolome in gnotobiotic mice that do or do not harbor Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent saccharolytic bacterial member of our gut microbiota. Our results indicate that M. smithii is well equipped to persist in the distal intestine through (i) production of surface glycans resembling those found in the gut mucosa, (ii) regulated expression of adhesin-like proteins, (iii) consumption of a variety of fermentation products produced by saccharolytic bacteria, and (iv) effective competition for nitrogenous nutrient pools. These findings provide a framework for designing strategies to change the representation and/or properties of M. smithii in the human gut microbiota.
Potential of Mass Trapping for Long-Term Pest Management and Eradication of Invasive Species (2006)

Semiochemical-based pest management programs comprise three major approaches that are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods of insect pests: mass trapping, “lure and kill,” and mating disruption. In this article, we review the potential of mass trapping in long-term pest management as well as in the eradication of invasive species. We discuss similarities and differences between mass trapping and other two main approaches of semiochemical-based pest management programs. We highlight several study cases where mass trapping has been used either in long-term pest management [e.g., codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders); bark beetles, palm weevils, corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.); and fruit flies] or in eradication of invasive species [e.g., gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.); and boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). We list the critical issues that affect the efficacy of mass trapping and compare these with previously published models developed to investigate mass trapping efficacy in pest control. We conclude that mass trapping has good potential to suppress or eradicate low-density, isolated pest populations; however, its full potential in pest management has not been adequately realized and therefore encourages further research and development of this technology.
Monitoring Heart Failure using an Implantable Device Measuring Intrathoracic Impedance – Technical and Clinical Over view (2005)

Management of heart failure consumes 1% to 2% of the healthcare budget in developed countries, with the largest share due to the cost of hospitalisations.1 A pan-European survey has shown that up to 65% of patients hospitalised with heart failure have a past history of chronic heart failure.2 Such admissions are usually long, with an average duration of 11 days.
Deep Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis (2017)

The tremendous success of machine learning algorithms at image recognition tasks in recent years intersects with a time of dramatically increased use of electronic medical records and diagnostic imaging. This review introduces the machine learning algorithms as applied to medical image analysis, focusing on convolutional neural networks, and emphasizing clinical aspects of the field. The advantage of machine learning in an era of medical big data is that significant hierarchal relationships within the data can be discovered algorithmically without laborious hand-crafting of features. We cover key research areas and applications of medical image classification, localization, detection, segmentation, and registration. We conclude by discussing research obstacles, emerging trends, and possible future directions.
Catharanthus Alkaloids, XXXVIII. Confirming Structural Evidence and Antineoplastic Activity of the Bisindole Alkaloids Leurosine-N'<sub>b</sub>-Oxide (Pleurosine), Roseadine, and Vindolicine from Catharanthus roseus (1983)

Additional and confirming chemical and spectroscopic evidence for vindolicine (4), roseadine (5), and leurosine-N'b-oxide (6) is presented. Leurosine-N'b-oxide (6) was found to be exceptionally active in the B-16 melanoma test system in vivo. Roseadine (5), a new isolate of Catharanthus roseus, and 6 displayed significant activity in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in vivo. Preliminary spectral studies on the new alkaloid roseamine are also described.
A preface to social psychology. (1916)

By Madison BentleyI. Typical problems of social psychology.II.The chief factors in social interaction.III.The primary social formations.A. Comparison of the congregate and the assemblage.IV.The conditions of mental process and of mental function.V. Social consciousness and social objects.VI.The properties of the congregate.A. Grades of integration among congregates.B. The process of polarization.VII.The properties of the assemblage.VIII.Summary.The tasks of social psychology are many and diverse; but they all rest finally upon social interaction,-upon the fact that individuals tend to believe and to think, to feel and to resolve, to speak and to act, to labor and to create, in mutual dependence.This social dependence is exemplified in innumerable ways by the daily intercourse of men.Communication through speech and gesture, every kind of human congregation, imitative performances, the works of art, the organization of the state, and all acts or attitudes of persuasion, acquiescence, and command reveal the social origin or the social tempering of mental function.It is plain that this fundamental dependence of mind upon mind bears many aspects; and it is to the diversity of these aspects that we may confidently look for the explanation of the variety and multiplicity of tasks and problems which social psychology has undertaken. I. Typical Problems of Social PsychologyMany of these tasks and problems essayed by the social psychologist arise as soon as we reflect upon the primary facts of interaction.In the first place, the products of social interaction are to be found in every human community.It is inconceivable that a man living from early childhood in solitary independence
The Use of Electronic Tags in Fish Research – An Overview of Fish Telemetry Methods (2013)

An overview of electronic tags that can be used in fish research is given, including radio and acoustic transmitters, data storage tags (DST, also termed archival tags), pop-up satellite archival tags (PSAT) and passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-tag). Fish telemetry is a term used to describe the application of these methods. Typically, an electronic tag is attached to a free-swimming fish, and information on position, movements and/or measurements of environmental and physiological parameters can be recorded wirelessly by use of a mobile receiver or stationary loggers. For most methods, the fish need not to be recaptured to achieve data. However, DSTs record and store information on environmental and/or physiological parameters in the tag, and therefore need to be retrieved for downloading data. In the case of PSATs, stored data is transferred to satellites when the tag loosens from the fish and pops up to the surface, and in addition, the pop up position is recorded. The developments of telemetry methods have provided opportunities to reveal previously unknown information on fish behavior, habitat use and migrations in fresh water, estuaries, near-coastal areas and oceans, especially since extensive longterm data can be collected repeatedly from individual fish. Detailed information on fish behaviour and migrations is needed to better understand, protect and manage fishes in freshwater and marine systems. The development of successful management measures depends on knowledge of where fish reside and migrate during the day, season and year. There has been a tremendous increase in the use of electronic tagging methods, especially during the last 10-20 years. In addition to descriptive and ecological studies, the methods have been used to assess effects of for instance hydropower production, other river regulations, migration barriers, protected areas, fishing regulations, catch-and-release angling, hatchery-rearing, fish aggregating devices (FADs), water pollution and aquaculture. The main methods for attaching electronic tags to fish are 1) surgical implantation in the body cavity, 2) external attachment, and 3) gastric insertion via the mouth. Potential negative handling effects are inflammations, infections, tag expulsion, altered behavior, decreased swimming performance, reduced feeding, reduced growth and increased mortality. The catch, handling and tagging procedures should have minimal effects on the fish. If not, an anomalous behaviour caused by the tagging may be recorded instead of the natural behaviour, and the study is a failure from a scientific point of view. Furthermore, optimal anaesthetic and tagging methods are required to meet the ethical standards for use of experimental animals, and to ensure fish survival and welfare.
Heliotherapy improves vitamin D balance and atopic dermatitis (2008)

A 2-week course of HT significantly improved vitamin D balance by increasing serum calcidiol concentration, and caused a marked healing of AD. These parallel positive responses should be taken into account when the benefits of HT are considered.
Bax and Bcl‐2 Interaction in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1999)

It has been proposed that mutations in copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), the only proven cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), induce the disease by a toxic property that promotes apoptosis. Consistent with this, we have demonstrated that overexpression of Bcl-2, a protein that inhibits apoptosis, attenuates neurodegeneration produced by the familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutant G93A (mSOD1). Herein, we assessed the status of key members of the Bcl-2 family in the spinal cord of transgenic mSOD1 mice at different stages of the disease. In asymptomatic transgenic mSOD1 mice, expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bad, and Bax does not differ from that in nontransgenic mice. In contrast, in symptomatic mice, expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, which inhibit apoptosis, is reduced, whereas expression of Bad and Bax, which stimulate apoptosis, is increased. These alterations are specific to affected brain regions and are caused by the mutant and not by the normal SOD1 enzyme. Relevant to the neuroprotective effects of Bcl-2 in transgenic mSOD1 mice, overexpression of Bcl-2 increases the formation of Bcl-2:Bax heterodimers, which abolish the Bax proapoptotic property. This study demonstrates significant alterations in the expression of key members of the Bcl-2 family associated with mSOD1 deleterious effects. That these changes contribute to the neurodegenerative process in this model of ALS is supported by our observations in double transgenic mSOD1/Bcl-2 mice in which the pernicious increase of Bax is tempered by an increase in formation of Bcl-2:Bax heterodimers. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that Bcl-2 family members appear as invaluable targets for the development of new neuroprotective therapies in ALS.
Chromatic dispersion measurement by white-light interferometry on metre-length single-mode optical fibres (1981)

Chromatic dispersion near 0.8 μm in a short (∼1 m) single-mode optical fibre is determined by a white-light interferometric technique. In particular, the wavelength-dependent group delay of the fibre is obtained directly from the spectra of the output light from a Mach-Zehnder interferometer illuminated by a GaAlAs LED. Its application in single-mode fibre studies in the 1.3 μm wavelength region is discussed.
Enhanced Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Leukocytes from Trauma Patients (2001)

Severe trauma causes demonstrated enhanced expression of HSPs in PMNLs during the acute phase. This enhanced expression of HSPs may regulate PMNL functions.
Enhanced Oil Recovery in Liquid–Rich Shale Reservoirs: Laboratory to Field (2017)

Summary Production of tight oil from shale reservoirs in North America reduces oil imports and has better economics than natural gas. Currently, there is a strong interest in oil production from Bakken, Eagle Ford, Niobrara, and other tight formations. However, oil-recovery fraction for Bakken remains low, which is approximately 4–6% of the oil in place. Even with this low oil-recovery fraction, a recent United States Geological Survey study stated that the Bakken and Three Forks recoverable reserves are estimated to be 7.4 billion bbl; thus, a large volume of oil will remain unrecovered, which was the motivation to investigate the feasibility of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in liquid-rich shale reservoirs such as Bakken. In this paper, we will present both laboratory and numerical modeling of EOR in Bakken cores by use of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane/ethane-solvent mixture (C1/C2), and nitrogen (N2). The laboratory experiments were conducted at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC). The experiments recovered 90+% oil from several Middle Bakken cores and nearly 40% from Lower Bakken cores. To decipher the oil-recovery mechanisms in the experiments, a numerical compositional model was constructed to match laboratory-oil-recovery results. We concluded that solvent injection mobilizes matrix oil by miscible mixing and solvent extraction in a narrow region near the fracture/matrix interface, thus promoting countercurrent flow of oil from the matrix instead of oil displacement through the matrix. Specifically, compositional-modeling results indicate that the main oil-recovery mechanism is miscible oil extraction at the matrix/fracture interface region. However, the controlling factors include repressurization, oil swelling, viscosity and interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction, diffusion/advection mass transfer, and wettability alteration. We scaled up laboratory results to field applications by means of a compositional numerical model. For field applications, we resorted to the huff ’n’ puff protocol to assess the EOR potential for a North Dakota Middle Bakken well. We concluded that long soak times yield only a small amount of additional oil compared with short soak times, and reinjecting wet gas, composed of C1, C2, C3, and C4+, produces nearly as much oil as CO2 injection.
댐 건설로 인한 환경영향의 독성별 가치평가 -조건부 선택법을 적용하여- (2003)

최근 댐 건설의 환경피해에 대한 인식이 전국적으로 확산됨에 따라, 국민들은 이러한 잠재적 환경영향들을 댐 건설 계획단계에서 적절히 고려할 것을 요구해왔다. 이러한 배경 하에서 본 논문은 조건부 선택법을 이용하여 국내의 댐 건설로 인한 환경영향의 속성별 경제적 가치를 측정하고 있다. 분석결과, 조건부 선택질문에 있어 응답자들은 전반적으로 댐 건설에 의한 환경속성들과 가격사이의 상충관계를 잘 이해하고 응답하였으며, 추정모형들로부터 도출된 개별 환경속성들에 대한 한계 지불의사액 추정치들은 대부분 통계적으로 유의하였다 특히, 한계 지불의사액 추정치들은 공변량의 추가에 의해 크게 변함이 없었다. 그리고 댐 건설에 의한 개별 환경영향들을 1수준에서 4수준으로 완화하기 위한 가구 당 월 평균 지불의사액은 2,542원으로 분석되었으며, 이에 따른 댐 건설에 의한 환경영향의 연평균 경제적 가치는 평균적으로 약 2,099억원에 달하였다. 본 연구는 정책 결정자들에게 댐 건설사업과 관련한 의사결정과정에 유용한 방법론적 체계와 정량적 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.
Antioxidant Effectiveness As Influenced by Phenolic Content of Fresh Orange Juices (1999)

Several fresh orange juices, obtained from five different Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck varieties (three pigmented varieties, Moro, Sanguinello, and Tarocco, and two blond varieties, Valencia late and Washington navel), were subjected to antioxidant profile determination (including total polyphenols, flavanones, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and ascorbic acid). The antioxidant activity of these juices was then assessed by means of different "in vitro" tests (bleaching of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical; peroxidation, induced by the water-soluble radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride, on mixed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/linoleic acid unilamellar vesicles; scavenging activity against nitric oxide; total antioxidant status). All orange juices tested showed an evident antioxidant effect. Our findings indicate the following: (1) the antioxidant efficiency of orange juices may be attributed, in a significant part at least, to their content of total phenols, (2) while ascorbic acid seems to play a minor role; (3) the antioxidant activity of orange juices is related not only to structural features of phytochemicals contained in them, but also to their capability to interact with biomembranes; (4) finally, as to pigmented juices, their antioxidant efficiency appears to be widely influenced by the anthocyanin level. One could speculate that the supply of natural antioxidant phenols through daily consumption of orange juice might provide additional protection against in vivo oxidation of cellular biomolecules.
Optimizing Freeway Traffic Sensor Locations by Clustering Global-Positioning-System-Derived Speed Patterns (2010)

This paper presents a new clustering-based methodology for sensor placements on freeways for estimating travel times. The proposed methodology is applicable to both freeways with no existing deployment and freeways with existing sensor deployments, where it identifies the critical sensors that need to be regularly maintained. The freeway sections are clustered based on speed data, with neighboring sections with identical speed profiles being grouped into a cluster. A new approach to estimate freeway travel times using the final clusters, which is called the optimal placement method, is also proposed. A family of k-means clustering algorithms and a hierarchical algorithm are then explored using real-world case studies of three freeway segments in Virginia. Speed and travel-time data are obtained using Global Positioning System (GPS)-equipped probe vehicles. The clustering results indicated that the hierarchical and k-means with a priori knowledge algorithms produced the best clusters. The tradeoff plots of travel-time measures (e.g., error) versus the number of freeway sensors were generated for two travel-time estimation methods: 1) optimal placement method and 2) midpoint placement method. The optimal placement method consistently produced better travel-time estimates than the midpoint placement method for all three case studies. The travel times were also estimated using three other methods found in the literature: 1) the zone of influence method; 2) the instantaneous method; and 3) the linear method. The results showed that the optimal placement method outperformed these methods in all three case studies.
GPU-Based DWT Acceleration for JPEG2000 (2009)

Abstract. In our paper, we focus on accelerating DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) part of the JPEG2000 using general-purpose processing on graphical processing unit (GPU). We utilize Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform which has its specific properties and constraints. In particular, a proper memory treatment can greatly affect overall performance. In this paper, we briefly describe corresponding CUDA technical background followed by elaborated description of the algorithm—especially its memory layout part. Resulting implementation of DWT performs very well compared to other implementations available and is able to process an HD sized picture within 1 ms or faster. 1