gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Burstiness minimized rate control for high resolution H.264 video conferencing (2014)

In recent times, multimedia traffic constitutes a large portion of Internet traffic. Interactive video exchange system (e.g. video conferencing) requires an efficient real-time rate control scheme to maintain pre-assigned average bandwidth and constant bit rate throughput. In this paper, we propose an efficient low complexity slice level rate control method, suitable for high resolution interactive video conferencing system. The proposed method minimizes instantaneous bit rate fluctuations for variable data rate produced by the encoder. For the proposed rate control scheme, instantaneous rate measurements at every packet sending interval shows that almost 95% of the samples are successfully restricted within 5% of specified rate. The proposed method has been established to be superior to H.264 reference software JM 18.4 in respect of burstiness minimization.
A requirement analysis for high performance distributed computing over LANs (2003)

With the proliferation of high performance workstations and the current trend towards high speed communication networks. the cumulative computing power provided by a group of general purpose workstations is comparable to supercomputers. However a number of obstacles have to be overcome before the full potential of these network-based distributed systems can be exploited. This paper investigates the requirements of current workstation clusters interconnected by local area networks (LANs) which would allow them to be used as platforms for high performance distributed computing. The blocked LU decomposition of dense matrices is used as the running example in the presented study. Performance of this algorithm is measured on the iPSC/860 hypercube and on a set of homogeneous workstations (SUN SPARCstation 1+) interconnected by Ethernet. These measures are analyzed and a set of requirements are identified which would enable a network of workstations to deliver high performance distributed computing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Migration to Multi-image Cloud Templates (2011)

IT management costs increasingly dominate the overall IT costs. The main hope for reducing them is to standardize software and processes, as this leads to economies of scale in the management services. A key vehicle by which enterprises hope to achieve this is cloud computing, and they start to show interest in clouds outside the initial sweet spot of development and test. As business applications typically contain multiple images with dependencies, one is starting to standardize on multi-image structures. Benefits are ease of deployment of the entire structure and consistent later management services for the business applications. Enterprises have huge investments in their existing business applications, e.g., their web design, special code, database schemas, and data. The promises of clouds can only be realized if a significant fraction of these existing applications can be migrated into the clouds. We therefore present analysis techniques for mapping existing IT environments to multi-image cloud templates. We propose multiple matching criteria, leading to tradeoffs between the number of matches and the migration overhead, and present efficient algorithms for these special graph matching problems. We also present results from analyzing an existing enterprise environment with about 1600 servers.
CMOS baseband circuit techniques for integrated multi-standard wireless receivers / (2001)

The expanding growth of wireless communications has led to proliferation of dif ferent standards w^hile the highly com petitive market demands for low cost, low power and small form factor devices.This calls for the development of a single chip receiver capable of adapting to the various communications standards in a low cost CMOS technology.However, fully integrated receiver architectures such as the direct-conversion (homodjme) and the wide-hand IF double conversion require the elimination of discrete high-Q image-rejection and IF filters.Thus the received sig nal is down-converted to baseband without channel filtering which most frequently results in the presence of strong adjacent channel blockers along with the desired signal.Therefore, it is required from the baseband filter design to exhibit: a highdynamic range, a programmable bandwidth to accommodate different standards, a precise frec[uency tuning feature to select the desired channel within a standard, low; power consum ption and a small chip area.This w^ork focuses on the design of the baseband filter that precedes the analog-todigital converter (ADC) in a multi-standard fully integrated wireless receiver.The filter will be designed to meet the baseband signal conditions required by the fol lowing wireless standards: PDG, IS-54, GSM, IS-95 and WCDMA.In addition to filtering, variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) must be employed in the baseband chain to accommodate for gain variations in the RF front-end.This will reduce the resolution VI VITA
Galectin‐3 overexpression protects from cell damage and death by influencing mitochondrial homeostasis (2000)

Galectins are a family of proteins involved in several cell processes, including their survival and death. Galectin-3 has in particular been described as an anti-apoptotic molecule entangled with a number of subcellular activities including anoikis resistance. In this work we partially address the mechanisms underlying this activity pointing at two key factors in injury progression: the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Overexpression of galectin-3 appears in fact to exert a protective effect towards both these events. On the basis of these data, we propose a reappraisal of the role of galectin-3 as a regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
Development of ichthyosiform skin compensates for defective permeability barrier function in mice lacking transglutaminase 1 (2002)

Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) is one of the genes implicated in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Skin from TGase 1–/– mice, which die as neonates, lacks the normal insoluble cornified envelope and has impaired barrier function. Characterization of in situ dye permeability and transepidermal water loss revealed defects in the development of the skin permeability barrier in TGase 1–/– mice. In the stratum corneum of the skin, tongue, and forestomach, intercellular lipid lamellae were disorganized, and the corneocyte lipid envelope and cornified envelope were lacking. Neonatal TGase 1–/– mouse skin was taut and erythrodermic, but transplanted TGase 1–/– mouse skin resembled that seen in severe ichthyosis, with epidermal hyperplasia and marked hyperkeratosis. Abnormalities in those barrier structures remained, but transepidermal water loss was improved to control levels in the ichthyosiform skin. From these results, we conclude that TGase 1 is essential to the assembly and organization of the barrier structures in stratified squamous epithelia. We suggest that the ichthyosiform skin phenotype in TGase 1 deficiency develops the massive hyperkeratosis as a physical compensation for the defective cutaneous permeability barrier required for survival in a terrestrial environment.
Enzymatic synthesis of amino sugar fatty acid esters (2014)

N ‐Acetyl‐glucosamine fatty acid esters were synthesized by a lipase‐catalyzed transesterification with methyl hexanoate and N ‐acetyl‐glucosamine (GlcNAc), which resulted in the formation of 2‐(acetylamino)‐2‐deoxy‐6‐ O ‐hexanoate‐ D ‐glucose, a novel glycolipid. Additionally N ‐butyryl‐glucosamine (GlcNBu) was used for a similar synthesis, leading to the formation of 2‐(butyrylamino)‐2‐deoxy‐6‐ O ‐hexanoate‐ D ‐glucose. The higher hydrophobicity of GlcNBu led to an increase in the overall yield and the initial reaction rate when compared to the reaction with GlcNAc. By pre‐dissolving GlcNAc and GlcNBu in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), it was possible to completely dissolve both sugars in the organic solvent, thus further enhancing the initial reaction rate and yield respectively. Practical applications: Glycolipids are used in a wide range of applications, ranging from food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations, where they can be used as emulsifiers or foaming agents to classic cleaning products, utilizing their good detergent properties. Further applications may include fields like membrane protein extraction, bioremediation, or tertiary oil recovery. Novel glycolipids with tailor‐made properties might be useful to improve any of the named applications and widen the diversity of available environmentally friendly surfactants, often termed “green surfactants.” Glycolipids are the most prominent example therefrom.
Chemical constitution and fungistatic action of organic sulphur compounds (1946)

Research Article| January 01 1946 Chemical constitution and fungistatic action of organic sulphur compounds W. H. Davies; W. H. Davies 1Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, Dyestuffs Division, Research Laboratories, Blackley, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. A. Sexton W. A. Sexton 1Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, Dyestuffs Division, Research Laboratories, Blackley, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1946) 40 (3): 331–334. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400331 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. H. Davies, W. A. Sexton; Chemical constitution and fungistatic action of organic sulphur compounds. Biochem J 1 January 1946; 40 (3): 331–334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400331 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1946 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1946 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Hepatocyte Transplantation: Clinical Experience and Potential for Future Use (2006)

Hepatocyte transplantation has been proposed as a method to support patients with liver insufficiency. There are three main areas where the transplantation of isolated hepatocytes has been proposed and used for clinical therapy. Cell transplantation has been used: 1) for temporary metabolic support of patients in end-stage liver failure awaiting whole organ transplantation, 2) as a method to support liver function and facilitate regeneration of the native liver in cases of fulminant hepatic failure, and 3) in a manner similar to gene therapy, as a "cellular therapy" for patients with genetic defects in vital liver functions. We will briefly review the basic research that leads to clinical hepatocyte transplantation, the published clinical experience with this experimental technique, and some possible future uses of hepatocyte transplantation.
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts (2017)

There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
Considerations on comprehensive and off‐line supercritical fluid chromatography×reversed‐phase liquid chromatography for the analysis of triacylglycerols in fish oil (2010)

The separation of the triacylglycerols in fish oil was performed by comprehensive and off-line supercritical fluid chromatography combined with RP-LC. The first dimension consisted of two serially coupled silver-ion (SI)-loaded columns operated with a supercritical mobile phase (supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC) in both the cases, whereas the second dimension was performed in non-aqueous RP mode (NARP-LC) on a 10-cm monolithic octadecyl silica (ODS) or a 45-cm long ODS column packed with 1.8 microm particles for the comprehensive and off-line separations, respectively. Despite the outstanding performance of the SI-SFC x NARP-LC interface, the high complexity of the sample rendered the online separation far from complete. The off-line approach gave much better separation mainly because of the higher peak capacity of the second-dimension column, but even in this case, the use of MS was mandatory to elucidate the different triacylglycerols in fish oil. The disadvantage of the off-line procedure was the long analysis time.
Catalytic Effect of Several Iron Species on Ozonation (2012)

Catalytic degradation of 1,4-dioxane in a synthetic wastewater by ozonation with several iron species was investigated. Iron species discussed were zero-valent iron (Fe), ferrous ion (Fe2+), ferric ion (Fe3+), hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). The addition of Fe accelerated the degradation rate of 1,4-dioxane at pH ranging from 3 to 9. The addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ also enhanced the 1,4-dioxane degradation at pH 3, but the enhancement effects disappeared at higher pH. Iron oxides (α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) did not affect the degradation rate of 1,4-dioxane. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) production via the reaction of ozone with Fe2+/Fe3+ was believed to be responsible for the enhancement effects of Fe, Fe2+ and Fe3+. The production of Fe2+ and ozonide ion (•O3-) was expected via Fe corrosion by ozone. Therefore, •OH generated via both Fe2+ oxidation by ozone and •O3-/water reaction was also believed to contribute to the 1,4-dioxane degradation in ozonation with Fe addition, especially at pH 5 or higher.
Primate models for AIDS vaccine development (1996)

From the Department of Virology, Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
The Committee Problem (1971)

Feller (1957), in his account of occupancy problems, included an example which was subsequently christened by Sprott (1969) chromosome problem. The name arose from the fact that he required the probability that exactly m chromosomes would be involved if an interchange of material between two of a set of N chromsomes took place on r separate occasions. Mantel and Pasternak (1968) wished to remove the restriction that only two units were sampled at a time and they therefore formulated what they described as the committee problem, namely; A group contains N individuals, any w of whom can be selected at random to form a committee. If r committees are formed, find the probability that exactly m individuals will be comnittee members. Mantel and Pasternack proved by induction that the required probability is:
In Mice With Type 2 Diabetes, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Activating Transcription Factor Modulates VEGF Signaling and Induces Therapeutic Angiogenesis After Hindlimb Ischemia (2007)

Peripheral arterial disease is a major complication of diabetes. The ability to promote therapeutic angiogenesis may be limited in diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat feeding C57BL/6 mice (n = 60). Normal chow-fed mice (n = 20) had no diabetes. Mice underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and excision. A plasmid DNA encoded an engineered transcription factor designed to increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression (ZFP-VEGF). On day 10 after the operation, the ischemic limbs received 125 microg ZFP-VEGF plasmid or control. Mice were killed 3, 10, or 20 days after injection (n = 10/group, at each time point). Limb blood flow was measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. VEGF mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. VEGF, Akt, and phospho-Akt protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Capillary density, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed histologically. Compared with normal mice, mice with diabetes had greater VEGF protein, reduced phospho-Akt-to-Akt ratio before ligation, and an impaired perfusion recovery after ligation. At 3 and 10 days after injection, in mice with diabetes, gene transfer increased VEGF expression and signaling. At later time points, gene transfer resulted in better perfusion recovery. Gene transfer with ZFP-VEGF was able to promote therapeutic angiogenesis mice with type 2 diabetes.
Integrated SQUID gradiometers for measurement in disturbed environments (1997)

Planar dc SQUID gradiometers with integrated antenna were designed and investigated. With low-T/sub c/ superconductors they were realized as washer type and as transformer type SQUID gradiometers. With high-T/sub c/ superconductors we tested galvanometer SQUIDs. Field gradient sensitivities of 32 fT/(cm/spl radic/(Hz)) could be achieved with low-T/sub c/ SQUIDs and of 520 fT/(cm/spl radic/(Hz)) with high-T/sub c/ SQUIDs, respectively. All types of gradiometers could work stable in disturbed environments. The influence of the SQUID gradiometer layout and the construction of the sample holder on the degree of disturbance suppression is shown.
Early‐Onset and Adult Periodontitis Associated With Abnormal Cytokine Production by Activated T Lymphocytes (1998)

There is growing evidence for an important role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. To further characterize the possible immunoregulatory dysfunction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in periodontitis patients, we investigated functional aspects of PBMC from patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and adult periodontitis (AP). Compared to controls, we observed decreased proliferative responses of PBMC from patients with EOP following stimulation with a mitogenic stimulus (phytohemagglutinin). To investigate whether this abnormality reflects a modulation in cytokine production, we measured the in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by activated PBMC. PBMC in EOP patients expressed significantly decreased levels of IFN-gamma protein in response to mitogenic stimulation. Reduced IFN-gamma secretion was associated with decreased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in these cells, as well as decreased HLA-DR surface expression on monocytes. On the other hand, we observed significantly higher levels of IL-5 and GM-CSF in the same system using PBMC from AP patients. These were comparable to the levels observed for patients with allergic asthma. These data imply that EOP is associated with decreased Th1-like cytokine expression, and that the PBMC response from patients with AP is predominantly Th2/Th0 in nature.
A mitosis-specific and R loop–driven ATR pathway promotes faithful chromosome segregation (2017)

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is crucial for DNA damage and replication stress responses. Here, we describe an unexpected role of ATR in mitosis. Acute inhibition or degradation of ATR in mitosis induces whole-chromosome missegregation. The effect of ATR ablation is not due to altered cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity, DNA damage responses, or unscheduled DNA synthesis but to loss of an ATR function at centromeres. In mitosis, ATR localizes to centromeres through Aurora A-regulated association with centromere protein F (CENP-F), allowing ATR to engage replication protein A (RPA)-coated centromeric R loops. As ATR is activated at centromeres, it stimulates Aurora B through Chk1, preventing formation of lagging chromosomes. Thus, a mitosis-specific and R loop-driven ATR pathway acts at centromeres to promote faithful chromosome segregation, revealing functions of R loops and ATR in suppressing chromosome instability.
Cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1992)

Multiple-drug-resistant mutants were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on agar plates containing ofloxacin and cefsulodin. These mutants were four to eight times more resistant to meropenem, cephems, carbenicillin, quinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol than the parent strain was. In contrast, these mutants showed no significant changes in their susceptibilities to all carbapenems except meropenem. In these mutants, the amounts of an outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 49,000 (designated OprM) were increased compared with the amount in PAO1. Multiple-drug-resistant mutants of this type were also isolated from PAO1 on agar plates containing meropenem. Approximately 5% of clinical isolates showed cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones, concomitant with overproduction of OprM. Moreover, these two phenotypes, i.e., multiple-drug resistance and overproduction of OprM, were cotransferable by transduction. These data suggest that overproduction of OprM is associated with cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones in P. aeruginosa. The ofloxacin-cefsulodin-resistant mutant required higher concentrations of meropenem to induce beta-lactamase than PAO1 did, indicating the possibility that this mutation involves decreased outer membrane permeability to meropenem.
Structural Studies of the Cell‐Envelope Oligosaccharide from the Lipopolysaccharide of <i>Haemophilus Influenzae</i> Strain RM.118‐28 (1997)

The structure of the oligosaccharide part of the Haemophilus influenzae RM.118-28 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been investigated. The oligosaccharide was obtained from the LPS by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel-permeation chromatography, and was studied by methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of the major compound, which is a hexasaccharide, is proposed as follows. [formula: see text] In the structure, Kdo is 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, PEtn is phosphoethanolamine, PCho is phosphocholine and L,D-Hep is L-glycero-D-manno-heptose. Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry on O-deacylated LPS obtained after treatment with anhydrous hydrazine gave evidence for the presence of two minor compounds, which show additional substitution of the main structure with phosphate and PEtn, respectively. These substitutions have not been localized.