gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The detection of cytochrome oxidase heme iron and copper absorption in the blood-perfused and blood-free brain in normoxia and hypoxia (1991)

The resolution of cytochrome and hemoglobin changes in in vivo rat and cat brains has required studies over wide wavelength ranges (580-1100 nm) with a novel spectroscopic technique using blood-free and blood-perfused brains. Tissue oxygen was varied from physiological levels to 0 and hematocrits were varied from normal to less than 1%. The experimental results were subjected to a multicomponent analysis using the Beer-Lambert law. At normal hematocrits, the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the brain was found to be 30-50% in rats and cats, indicating that the optical method responded primarily to the saturation of the venous ends of the capillary beds. With low hematocrits, both brains showed the absorption band of reduced cytochrome c, the iron component of cytochrome aa3, plus the absorption band of the oxidized copper component. In cat brains, the background absorption changed at all wavelengths. Thus, no isosbestic points were observed in the spectra. In rat brains, however, they were readily observed. The "overtones" of water absorption in the NIR region were found to be significant in the difference spectra of the cat brain, but not in the rat brain. Parallel absorbance changes in the heme and copper components of cytochrome aa3 were obtained in rat and cat brains during the normoxic-hypoxic transition. The ratio of the iron absorbance at 605 nm to the copper absorbance at 830 nm is much smaller in both brains than the in vitro value due to the shorter path length of photon migration at the shorter wavelengths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Random Search Algorithms (2010)

Abstract Random search algorithms are useful for many ill‐structured global optimization problems with continuous and/or discrete variables. Typically random search algorithms sacrifice a guarantee of optimality for finding a good solution quickly with convergence results in probability. Random search algorithms include simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, cross‐entropy, stochastic approximation, multistart and clustering algorithms, to name a few. They may be categorized as global (exploration) versus local (exploitation) search, or instance‐based versus model‐based. However, one feature these methods share is the use of a random element embedded in their iterative procedures. This article provides an overview of random search algorithms used to solve black‐box global optimization problems.
Population incidence and segregation ratios in the Martin‐Bell syndrome (1986)

A clinical and cytogenetic study of children attending schools for the educationally handicapped has been carried out in the City of Coventry. As a result of this an estimate of the population incidence of the Martin-Bell syndrome among schoolchildren has been made. Among school-boys the incidence of mental retardation due to the fra (X) was found to be 0.73 per 1000 and among schoolgirls 0.48 per 1000. The overall prevalence is 0.61 per 1000. Genetic and cytogenetic analysis of 14 families ascertained in an unbiased manner showed that the expected 50% ratio of affected to unaffected relatives was disturbed, the possible result of a segregation distortion.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in parasitic phase Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) using suppression subtractive hybridization (2010)

Miamiensis avidus, a causative agent of scuticociliatosis in cultured marine fish, can live not only in seawater as a free-living organism but also in fish as a parasite. In this study, a cDNA library of representative mRNAs more specific to parasitic phase M. avidus was generated using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and 520 clones selected from the SSH library were single-run sequenced. The differential gene expression patterns were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Of the 510 SSH clones, 21 clones of 6 putative genes did not match sequences in the public database. The expectation values (E-values) of 117 clones encoding 9 putative genes were greater than 1 x 10(-5). The other 372 clones that met the criterion of E value <1 x 10-5 were matched to 26 known sequences in the database. Genes associated with signal transduction, cell proliferation, membrane transportation, protein translocation, and transcription regulation were preferentially expressed in parasitic phase M. avidus. The differential gene expression may be needed for the ciliates to survive in the host fish, and the corresponding proteins might be used as antigen candidates for development of scuticociliatosis vaccines.
Synthesis and properties of differently charged chemiluminescent acridinium ester labels (2012)

Chemiluminescent acridinium dimethylphenyl esters containing N-sulfopropyl groups in the acridinium ring are highly sensitive, hydrophilic labels that are used in automated immunoassays for clinical diagnostics. Light emission from these labels is triggered with alkaline peroxide in the presence of a cationic surfactant. At physiological pH, N-sulfopropyl acridinium esters exist as water adducts that are commonly referred to as pseudobases. Pseudobase formation, which results from addition of water to the zwitterionic N-sulfopropyl acridinium ring, neutralizes the positive charge on the acridinium nitrogen and imparts a net negative charge to the label due to the sulfonate moiety. As a consequence, N-sulfopropyl acridinium ester conjugates of small molecule haptens as well as large molecules such as proteins gain negative charges at neutral pH. In the current study, we describe the synthesis and properties of two new hydrophilic acridinium dimethylphenyl ester labels where the net charge in the labels was altered. In one label, the structure of the hydrophilic N-alkyl group attached to the acridinium ring was changed so that the pseudobase of the label contains no net charge. In the second acridinium ester, two additional negative charges in the form of sulfopropyl groups were added to the acridinium ring to make this label's pseudobase strongly anionic. Chemiluminescence measurements of these labels, as well as their conjugates of an antibody with a neutral pI, indicate that acridinium ester charge while having a modest effect on emission kinetics has little influence on light output. However, our results demonstrate that acridinium ester charge can affect protein pI, apparent chemiluminescence stability and non-specific binding of protein conjugates to microparticles. These results emphasize the need for careful consideration of acridinium ester charge in order to optimize reagent stability and performance in immunoassays. In the current study, we observed that for a neutral protein, an acridinium ester with a hydrophilic but charge-neutral N-alkyl group afforded faster light emission, lower non-specific binding and better chemiluminescence stability than an analogous label with an anionic N-alkyl group.
Magnetism, elasticity, and magnetostriction of FeCoGa alloys (2003)

It is known that the substitution of Co for Fe gives rise to increases in magnetization and Curie temperature, not only in the bcc metals, but also in intermetallic compounds and alloys as well. With the expectation that this is the case in Co-substituted FeGa, we measured magnetization, Curie temperature, magnetostriction and elastic constants of a series of polycrystalline FeCoGa ternary alloys with up to 17% Ga and up to 10% Co. The magnetostriction at saturation for Fe0.93−xCo.07Gax increases to 90 ppm for x=0.17. For larger percentages of Co, the rise in magnetostriction is not as sharp as it is in the 7% case. The shear elastic modulus decreases with Ga, again in keeping with the results for FeGa. The magnetostriction and the elastic constants are sensitive to sample preparation for the high-Ga material. We conclude that the substitution of small (&lt;0.10) percentages of Co for Fe in bcc FeCoGa alloys enhances the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the parent FeGa material.
Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of CNS Agents, Part 22: A Search for New Trazodone‐Like Antidepressants: Synthesis and Preliminary Receptor Binding Studies (1995)

New 1-phenyl- and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazines containing a 4-[3-(heterocyclic)propyl] fragment were synthesized. It was found that of all the investigated compounds 11b (Ki = 13 +/- 2 nM) and 8b (Ki = 38 +/- 2 nM) were the most active 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A ligands, respectively. Several derivatives (3a, 4a, 8b, 11b, 12b, 13a, and 13b) were selected as good candidates for new, potential antidepressants on the basis of their 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptor binding profiles.
Urocortin protects the heart from reperfusion injury via upregulation of p42/p44 MAPK signaling pathway (2002)

Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is essential for tissue salvage but paradoxically contributes to cell death. We hypothesized that activation of potential survival pathways such as p42/p44 MAPK may prevent lethal reperfusion injury. Urocortin is a peptide factor that affects the p42/p44 MAPK signaling pathway. Both isolated and in vivo rat heart models were used to examine the potential for urocortin to prevent reperfusion injury. Isolated rat hearts underwent 35-min regional ischemia and 2-h reperfusion, with urocortin perfused for 20 min from the onset of reperfusion. In the in vivo study, urocortin was administered as an intravenous bolus 3 min before reperfusion with a protocol of 25-min regional ischemia and 2-h reperfusion. Blockade of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway with the inhibitor PD-98059 was used in both models. Urocortin attenuated lethal reperfusion-induced injury both in vitro and in vivo via a p42/p44 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated the ability of urocortin to directly upregulate this signaling pathway. In conclusion, we believe that the p42/p44 MAPK-dependent signaling pathway represents an important survival mechanism against reperfusion injury.
Accurate 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects with Occlusion Using Active Appearance Models (2005)

In this paper we present a new method for tracking rigid objects using a modified version of the Active Appearance Model. Unlike most of the other appearance-based methods in the literature, our method allows for both partial and self occlusion of the objects. We use ground-truth to demonstrate the accuracy of our tracking algorithm. We show that our method can be applied to track moving objects over wide variations in position and orientation of the object - one meter in translation and 140 degrees in rotation - with an accuracy of a few millimeters.
An afferent explanation for sexual dimorphism in the aortic baroreflex of rat (2014)

Sex differences in baroreflex (BRx) function are well documented. Hormones likely contribute to this dimorphism, but many functional aspects remain unresolved. Our lab has been investigating a subset of vagal sensory neurons that constitute nearly 50% of the total population of myelinated aortic baroreceptors (BR) in female rats but less than 2% in male rats. Termed "Ah," this unique phenotype has many of the nonoverlapping electrophysiological properties and chemical sensitivities of both myelinated A-type and unmyelinated C-type BR afferents. In this study, we utilize three distinct experimental protocols to determine if Ah-type barosensory afferents underlie, at least in part, the sex-related differences in BRx function. Electron microscopy of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) revealed that female rats have less myelin (P < 0.03) and a smaller fiber cross-sectional area (P < 0.05) per BR fiber than male rats. Electrical stimulation of the ADN evoked compound action potentials and nerve conduction profiles that were markedly different (P < 0.01, n = 7 females and n = 9 males). Selective activation of ADN myelinated fibers evoked a BRx-mediated depressor response that was 3-7 times greater in female (n = 16) than in male (n = 17) rats. Interestingly, the most striking hemodynamic difference was functionally dependent upon the rate of myelinated barosensory fiber activation. Only 5-10 Hz of stimulation evoked a rapid, 20- to 30-mmHg reduction in arterial pressure of female rats, whereas rates of 50 Hz or higher were required to elicit a comparable depressor response from male rats. Collectively, our experimental results are suggestive of an alternative myelinated baroreceptor afferent pathway in females that may account for, at least in part, the noted sex-related differences in autonomic control of cardiovascular function.
Multichannel CGI system based on PCs (2005)

Computer Generation Image (CGI) system is main part of the flight simulator. Usually, the Image Generation Workstation to be used in CGI system is very expensive. This paper presents a low cost CGI system based on PC and we use it to develop a flight simulator, which has a 3 channels display system with wide field-of-view (horizontal 240°× vertical 60°). First, the paper discusses the architectural principles of CGI system and provides a CGI system based on PC. Second, a type of 3 channels display system is described. The display system is designed in folded flat screen using rear project curtain. Adjacent screen shapes a 100° corner and each channel provides 80°×60° field-of-view. Furthermore, some key technologies, such as image connection, channels synchronization and channels communication, are discussed in detail. At the end of paper, a flight simulator with 3 channels visual scene is described and it is successfully implemented in training pilot. PC-Based CGI system also can be applied to a lot of fields including multimedia commerce, medical media databases visualization, CAD/CAM, scientific computing visualization, and entertainment.
Filling the holes of 3D body scan line point cloud (2010)

Our team developed a portable three dimension (3D) body measurement system based on binocular stereo vision. By measuring the body using the system, the body scan line point cloud is reconstructed. Because the surface properties, occlusions and accessibility limitations cause scanners to miss some surface areas, leading to incomplete reconstruction and introducing holes in the resulting models. In this paper, a simple and efficient method is proposed to fill holes. Based on the characteristics of scan line point cloud orderly stored in computer, points that belong to same scan line are fitted into a curve by cubic parametric spline function. Before that, the overlapping points which are not accessible to fit curve are removed and data points that are so dense to make computer poor efficiency are reduced. Because cubic parametric spline has C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> , C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> continuity at each junction point, the filled points naturally transit to initial points and the holes are disappeared. Then body model without holes whose points are even distributed is constructed.
Embryonic stem cell proteomics (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells potentially represent an unlimited source of cells and tissues for regenerative medicine. Understanding signaling events that drive proliferation and specialization of these cells into various differentiated derivatives is of utmost importance for controlling their behavior in vitro. Major progress has been made in unraveling these signaling events with large-scale studies at the transcriptional level, but analysis of protein expression, interaction and modification has been more limited, since it requires different strategies. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics indicate that proteome characterization can contribute significantly to our understanding of embryonic stem cell biology. In this article, we review mass spectrometry-based studies of human and mouse embryonic stem cells and their differentiated progeny, as well as studies of conditioned media that have been reported to support self-renewal of the undifferentiated cells in the absence of the more commonly used feeder cells. In addition, we make concise comparisons with related transcriptome profiling reports.
Constrained time-optimal control of double-integrator system and its application in MPC (2017)

The paper deals with the design of a time-optimal controller for systems subject to both state and control constraints. The focus is laid on a double-integrator system, for which the time-to-go function is calculated. The function is then used as a part of a model predictive control criterion where it represents the long-horizon part. The designed model predictive control algorithm is then used in a constrained control problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor model, which behavior can be approximated by a double integrator model. Accomplishments of the control goals are illustrated in a numerical example.
Dynamic 3D graphics workload characterization and the architectural implications (1999)

Although PC-class 3D graphics hardware has made significant strides in the last several years, the underlying architectural design principles are still generally considered as a black art. The quantitative approach prevalent in mainstream computer architecture design is rarely applied, at least as far as publicly available research literature is concerned. One main reason for this deficiency is the absence of a detailed workload characterization of 3D applications. This paper reports the results of a dynamic 3D workload characterization effort, which focuses on interactive 3D applications spanning multiple frames. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first such studies that have ever been attempted. In addition, whenever possible, this paper presents the empirical workload characteristics in the light of their architectural implications and detailed design trade-offs. In particular, the paper discusses quantitatively the extent to which the workload impacts graphics architecture features such as rasterization pipeline, frame buffer design, texture memory management and system bus design.
Art imitating life (2012)

Extended shelf life or ESL milk has been gaining popularity worldwide over the past two decades, mostly for two reasons - it's extended lifespan and its great taste which measures up exceptionally well when compared to fresh milk.
GPI-anchored proteins are directly targeted to the apical surface in fully polarized MDCK cells (2006)

The polarity of epithelial cells is dependent on their ability to target proteins and lipids in a directional fashion. The trans-Golgi network, the endosomal compartment, and the plasma membrane act as sorting stations for proteins and lipids. The site of intracellular sorting and pathways used for the apical delivery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are largely unclear. Using biochemical assays and confocal and video microscopy in living cells, we show that newly synthesized GPI-APs are directly delivered to the apical surface of fully polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Impairment of basolateral membrane fusion by treatment with tannic acid does not affect the direct apical delivery of GPI-APs, but it does affect the organization of tight junctions and the integrity of the monolayer. Our data clearly demonstrate that GPI-APs are directly sorted to the apical surface without passing through the basolateral membrane. They also reinforce the hypothesis that apical sorting of GPI-APs occurs intracellularly before arrival at the plasma membrane.
Boston (1977)

Other| March 01 1977 Boston: Resource center begun; museum activities grow Ann Parson Ann Parson Ann Parson writes frequently about photography for The Boston Phoenix and The New Boston Review. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1977) 4 (9): 18–19. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1977.4.9.18 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ann Parson; Boston: Resource center begun; museum activities grow. Afterimage 1 March 1977; 4 (9): 18–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1977.4.9.18 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1977 by The Regents of the University of California1977 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Physiological Studies on Nodule Formation (1949)

Journal Article Physiological Studies on Nodule Formation Get access P. S. NUTMAN P. S. NUTMAN Soil Microbiology DepartmentRothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 13, Issue 3, July 1949, Pages 261–283, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083218 Published: 01 July 1949
Ubiquitin-mediated control of seed size in plants (2014)

Seed size in higher plants is an important agronomic trait, and is also crucial for evolutionary fitness. In flowering plants, the seed comprises three major anatomical components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, each with different genetic compositions. Therefore, seed size is coordinately determined by the growth of the embryo, endosperm and maternal tissue. Recent studies have revealed multiple pathways that influence seed size in plants. Several factors involved in ubiquitin-related activities have been recently known to determine seed size in Arabidopsis and rice. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of ubiquitin-mediated control of seed size and discuss the role of the ubiquitin pathway in seed size control.
After‐cooking blackening in potatoes. II.—Core experiments (1962)

Abstract The distribution of the after‐cooking blackening pigment within an individual tuber is correlated with the ratio of citric acid to chlorogenic acid. The rǒle that iron, inorganic phosphate and pH play is less important in this case than that of the two organic acids; although the former three factors may play a larger part in determining the differences in level of blackening between tubers.
Face Joint Alignment Using Local Method (2016)

It is an under-determined problem that local methods are used for face alignment of an image, although good results can be obtained by using an auxiliary model or a priori information. In comparison, joint alignment using multiple face images of the same person has more advantages. In this paper, the rectangle round a face is acquired, and then logistic regressors are used to obtain the candidates of the regions round the landmark points. The non-parametric face shape models are used to constrain the configuration among the regions. On this basis, Generalized Procrustes Analysis is used for rigid joint alignment. Tests are carried out on LFW dataset, and the results show that joint alignment will cause overall drifting, and but helpful for facial landmark alignment in outer contour.
Design and development of voltage reference for low voltage/low power circuits (2008)

Design a CMOS voltage reference circuit that can operate at 1-V power supply. The complete circuit block will be simulated, laid out and send for fabrication using the Austria Micro System (AMs) 0.6 CMOS N-well process.