gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective method for generating multiple linear regression rules from artificial neural networks (2002)

We describe a method for multivariate function approximation which combines neural network learning, clustering and multiple regression. Neural networks with a single hidden layer are universal function approximators. However, due to the complexity of the network topology and the nonlinear transfer function used in computing the activation of the hidden units, the predictions of a trained network are difficult to comprehend. On the other hand, predictions from a multiple linear regression equation are easy to understand but not accurate when the underlying relationship between the input variables and the output variable as nonlinear. The method presented in this paper generates a set of multiple linear regression equations using neural networks. The number of regression equations as determined by clustering the weighted input variables. The predictions for samples in the same cluster are computed by the same regression equation. Experimental results on real-world data demonstrate that the new method generates relatively few regression equations from the training data samples. The errors an prediction using these equations are comparable to or lower than those achieved by existing function approximation methods.
Hydrous non-crystalline phosphates: structure, function and a new white pigment (2006)

Hydrated non-crystalline inorganic solids are often neglected due to the limited comprehension of their complex physico-chemical and structural properties. However, these non-crystalline materials exhibit a rich and varied chemistry, interesting for scientific and technological reasons. This work reviews general aspects of formation of hydrated non-crystalline solids, with special emphasis on aluminum (poly)phosphate materials. Precursors and concentration variations, temperature, ageing and reaction pH are trivial synthetic variables, but they promote the formation of a myriad of compounds adequate for many functions. Amorphous aluminum phosphates are widely employed in different industrial applications, providing good examples of the potential of hydrous amorphous solids.
Current options for drug delivery to the spinal cord (2013)

Both the multifactorial pathological progression and the restricted access of therapeutic drugs to the spine are probably the main reasons behind the absence of efficient therapeutic approaches for SCDs. Hence, very recent highlights suggest the use of original strategies to overcome the BSCB, and new multidrug delivery systems capable of local controlled release of therapeutic agents have been developed. These issues can be addressed by using nanoparticles technology and smart hydrogel drug delivery systems, providing an increased therapeutic compound delivery in the spinal cord environment and multiple administrations able to synergize treatment efficacy.
An alternative model for laser clipping-induced nonlinear distortion for analog lightwave CATV systems (1992)

An alternative model of laser clipping distortion for AM-VSB CATV systems is presented. The model predicts the clipping contribution at any channel for all orders of distortion in a closed form solution. The model is shown to closely agree with experimental data and have a substantial improvement over the conventional method. In conjunction with noise requirements, the model is then used to determine the required modulation index, channel capacity, and output optical power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recovering the control points of Be´zier curves for line image indexing (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
지방정부의 자금관리 효율화 방안 : 인천광역시를 중심으로 (1999)

이 논문에서는 지방의 `경영적 행정`과 직결되는 자금관리(cash management)에 대하여 인천시의 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 단위는 인천광역시와 중구청이며, 정부 문서, 회계 자료 등 공식 문서 이외에 담당공무원들과의 인터뷰를 분석하는 질적 접근법을 택하였다. 분석의 대상이 되는 자금관리의 구성요소는 ① 자금관리의 법적 기초 ② 금융기관 선정 및 관계 설정 ③ 현금 수지관리 ④ 투자 전략 ⑤ 인력 자원 ⑥ 통계 및 재정정보체계 등 6가지 국면이다. 분석 결과 지방정부 자금관리에는 ① 외부 규제의 과다 ② 관심도 미약 ③ 안전성 위주의 운영 ④ 전운인력 배치 여건 미흡 등 문제점이 있음을 밝혀 냈다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 금고선정과 투자전략에 다양성을 구사할 수 있도록 중앙정부의 규제를 점차 완화해야 하며, 사전에 그 득실에 대한 면밀한 연구가 필요하다. 그밖에도 인력훈련, 재정정보체계 확충, 계좌 운영 효율화 면에 개선이 요청되며, 이 분야에 대한 학계의 관심과 연구 지원이 기대된다.
Issues of content and structure for a multilingual web site (2001)

Most content on the Web today is in English, but the majority of the Earth's peoples speak languages other than English. To reach a wider audience, future Web sites will have to be multilingual, changing a Web site from one that is American-centric and single-language to one that is globally-oriented and multilingual. While the challenges in creating and maintaining a high-quality Web site in a single language are considerable, working with multiple languages simultaneously creates special challenges, both culturally and technically. This paper outlines issues related to two important aspects of the problem: content and structure. Several representative Web sites are examined to illustrate some of these considerations.
Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology (1998)

Basic Methods: Introduction. Management and Operation of the Microbiological Laboratory. Basic Microscopic Techniques. Cultivation of Microorganisms. Determination of the Number and Detection of Viable Microorganisms in a Sample. Determination of the Total Number of Microorganisms in a Sample. Composition of Culture Media. Selection of Microbial Colonies for Examination and Identification. Methods of Anaerobic Culture. Cultivation in Microaerobic and Carbon-Dioxide-Enriched Atmospheres. Biochemical tests for Identification of Microorganisms. Physiological tests. Serological Methods. Molds and Yeasts. Techniques for the Microbiological Examination of Foods: Introduction. Methods of Sampling. Preparation of Dilutions. General Viable Counts. Psychrotropic, Psychrophilic and Thermophilic Counts. Detection and Enumeration of Indicator and Index Organisms. Detection and Enumeration of Pathogenic and Toxigenic Organisms. The Microbiological Examination of Specific Foods: Introduction: the Effect of the Food Environment on Constituent Microflora. Raw Meat and Raw Meat Products. Cooked Meat Products. Poultry and Poultry Products. Eggs and Egg Products. Fish, Shellfish and Crustacea. Milk and Milk Products. Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts. Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables. Alcoholic Beverages. Breads, Cakes and Bakery Goods. Convenience Meals. Canned Foods. Water. Examination of Food Processing Plant. Schemes for the Identification of Microorganisms: Introduction. A Scheme for the Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria. A Scheme for the Identification of Gram-Positive Bacteria. A Scheme for the Identification of Yeasts and Molds. Appendix 1: Recipes for Stains, Reagents and Media. Appendix 2: Probability Tables for MPN Counts. References. Subject Index.
Role of inhibitory CDC2 phosphorylation in radiation-induced G2 arrest in human cells. (1996)

The activity of the mitosis-promoting kinase CDC2-cyclin B is normally suppressed in S phase and G2 by inhibitory phosphorylation at Thr14 and Tyr15. This work explores the possibility that these phosphorylations are responsible for the G2 arrest that occurs in human cells after DNA damage. HeLa cell lines were established in which CDC2AF, a mutant that cannot be phosphorylated at Thr14 and Tyr15, was expressed from a tetracycline-repressible promoter. Expression of CDC2AF did not induce mitotic events in cells arrested at the beginning of S phase with DNA synthesis inhibitors, but induced low levels of premature chromatin condensation in cells progressing through S phase and G2. Expression of CDC2AF greatly reduced the G2 delay that resulted when cells were X-irradiated in S phase. However, a significant G2 delay was still observed and was accompanied by high CDC2-associated kinase activity. Expression of wild-type CDC2, or the related kinase CDK2AF, had no effect on the radiation-induced delay. Thus, inhibitory phosphorylation of CDC2, as well as additional undefined mechanisms, delay mitosis after DNA damage.
Beyond CA125: The Coming of Age of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers (2009)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States, despite its relatively low incidence of 50 per 100,000. Even though advances in therapy have been made, the OC fatality-to-case ratio remains exceedingly high, due to the lack of accurate tools to diagnose early-stage disease when cure is still possible. The most studied marker for OC, CA125, is only expressed by 50-60% of patients with early stage disease. Large efforts have been deployed to identify novel serum markers, yet no single marker has emerged as a serious competitor for CA125. Various groups are investing in combination approaches to increase the diagnostic value of existing markers, but many markers may still lie in under-explored areas of ovarian cancer biology, such as tumor vasculature environment and post-translational modifications (glycomics).
Histopathogenesis of Skin and Subcutaneous Injury Induced by Adriamycin (1979)

Extravasation of Adriamycin from an intravenous needle or catheter can produce a progressive skin necrosis and deep painful ulceration. The pathological changes which result in this ulceration were studied in a rabbit model. The earliest changes include vascular obliteration and necrobiosis of collagen. At no point were inflammatory cells found to play a primary role.
Porphyrin Derivatives from a Recombinant Escherichia coli Grown on Chemically Defined Medium (2012)

We have reported previously that a recombinant Escherichia coli co-expresses aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, an NADP-dependent malic enzyme, and a dicarboxylate transporter-produced heme, an iron-chelated porphyrin, in a succinate-containing complex medium. To develop an industrially plausible process, a chemically defined medium was formulated based on M9 minimal medium. Heme synthesis was enhanced by adding sodium bicarbonate, which strengthened the C4 metabolism required for the precursor metabolite, although a pH change discouraged cell growth. Increasing the medium pH buffering capacity (100mM phosphate buffer) and adding sodium bicarbonate enabled the recombinant E. coli to produce heme at rates 60% greater than those in M9 minimal medium. Adding growth factors (1 mg/l thiamin, 0.01 mg/l biotin, 5 mg/l nicotinic acid, 1 mg/l pantothenic acid, and 1.4 mg/l cobalamin) also induced positive heme production effects at levels twice of heme production in M9-based medium. Porphyrin derivatives and heme were found in the chemically defined medium, and their presence was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The formulated medium allowed for the production of 0.6 microM heme, 29 microM ALA, 0.07 microM coproporphyrin I, 0.21 microM coproporphyrin III, and 0.23 microM uroporphyrin in a 3 L pH-controlled culture.
Determining Interwell Connectivity and Reservoir Complexity through Frac Pressure Hits and Production Interference Analysis (2014)

Abstract This paper presents a process for analyzing production interference and interwell hydraulic fracturing pressure hits for multi-well horizontal pads in unconventional reservoirs. Ten wells with varied spacing in separate formations are evaluated. The analysis determines the degree of connectivity between the wells to help assess the extent and complexity of the stimulated network. Many of these connections persist through flowback and early production. The results of the study impact decisions regarding well spacing, injection rate, perforation design and frac order. A prescriptive completions program enabled observation of pressure interactions between wells during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Wellhead pressures are continuously recorded during all completions and flowback operations. The rate of pressure buildup plus the magnitude and frequency of the inter-well hits are studied. Pressure hits are then compared with production interactions between wells. Connections are mapped to form a comprehensive image of the fracture network. In the pad studied, all wells had multiple hits with varying degrees of communication across the fracture network. Observations confirm that fractures had significant vertical and lateral growth establishing a highly complex network. Interference analysis indicates the connections between wells often diminish over time. As a final validation, the high degree of interaction and fracture overlap are shown to be consistent with high-resolution microseismic observations. Establishing the extent of the effective fracture network is fundamental to deciding design variables. Multi-variable pad designs and production results can only be deciphered when viewed in conjunction with fracture interactions. The process discussed provides a simple way to observe and understand these interactions.
X‐ray fluorescence determination of sodium in silicate standards using direct dilution and dilution fusion preparation techniques (1973)

Abstract Direct dilution of a sample with an equal proportion of cellulose binder and dilution fusion of one part of sample with fourteen parts of LiBO 2 flux has been used to prepare pelletized samples of silicate standards for determining sodium by X‐ray fluorescence analysis. An RAP analysing crystal was used to disperse and reflect the sodium spectra. Detection limits were found to be 0.07 and 0.39% Na 2 O at the 2s̀ confidence level for the direct dilution and dilution fusion preparation techniques, respectively.
Synthesis of N-alkoxycarbonyl-3-substituted tetramic acids and functionalized enols via C-acylation reactions of active methylene compounds with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of N-alkoxycarbonyl-α-amino acids (1998)

The N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of N-alkoxycarbonyl-α-amino acids react with active methylene compounds (malonic and acyl acetic esters), under basic conditions, to produce N-alkoxycarbonyl-3-substituted tetramic acids 7–17; in the case of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of L-alanine, the corresponding optically active tetramic acids 15 and 16 are obtained. In addition, the C-acylation reactions of cyanoacetic esters furnishes the functionalized enols 18–23 in very good yields. Spectral data and physical characteristics for all compounds are reported.
Modelling, simulation and control of an electric unicycle (2010)

In this paper the outcomes from a one year honours project to design, build and control a self-balancing electric unicycle, known as the Micycle, are presented. The design of the system along with the associated mechanical and electrical components is presented. This is followed by a derivation of the system dynamics using the Lagrangian method which are simulated using Simulink. A linear control strategy to stabilize in the pitch direction is then proposed. Finally, a comparison between the control systems results from the Simulink simulations and experimental results from the physical system is presented.
Ultrafax (1949)

An experimental high-speed system of record communication known as Ultrafax is described. It is a facsimile transmission method capable of operating at speeds of over a million words per minute. Electronic scanning and many of the other techniques of television are employed. At the sending terminal a flying-spot kinescope using a single-line sweep scans copy previously recorded on photographic film. A 7,000 Mc/s radio-relay system of bandwidth 4 to 6 Mc/s has been employed for transmission tests. At the receiving terminal a second projection kinescope is modulated in intensity by the received video wave. This film is then rapidly developed in a film-processing apparatus with a total delay of less than 45 seconds.System tests over microwave circuits up to 28 miles in length have given speeds of 500,000 words per minute of adequate commercial quality. This is 60 to 100 times as fast as is possible in mechanical facsimile systems currently used.
Development and regulation of exosome‐based therapy products (2016)

Recently, various innovative therapies involving the ex vivo manipulation and subsequent reintroduction of exosome-based therapeutics into humans have been developed and validated, although no exosome-based therapeutics have yet to be brought into the clinic. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by many cells that utilize them for cell-to-cell communications to facilitate transport of proteins and genetic material. Comprised of cellular membranes with multiple adhesive proteins on their surface, exosomes offer distinct advantages that exceptionally position them as highly effective drug carriers. Additionally, exosomes can exert unique biological activity reflective of their origin that may be used for therapy of various diseases. In fact, exosomes have benefits of both synthetic nanocarriers and cell-mediated drug delivery systems, and avoid their limitations. This concise review highlights the recent developments in exosome-based drug delivery systems and the main regulatory considerations for using this type of therapeutic in clinic. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:744-757. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1395 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Dimethylthiourea attenuates endotoxin-induced acute respiratory failure in pigs (1987)

We hypothesized that toxic O2 radicals might be important mediators of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory failure in pigs. As a relatively specific scavenger of .OH, we infused dimethylthiourea (DMTU, 1 g/kg) before endotoxemia. Escherichia coli endotoxin (055-B5) was infused intravenously into anesthetized 10- to 14-wk-old pigs at 5 micrograms/kg the 1st h, followed by 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 3.5 h. During phase 1 (i.e., 0-2 h) and phase 2 (i.e., 2-4.5 h), endotoxin decreased cardiac index (CI) and increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), alveolar-arterial O2 gradient (AaDo2), and hematocrit (Hct). Endotoxemia also caused leukopenia and increased the postmortem bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) albumin concentration and wet weight-to-dry weight ratio of bloodless lung. Dimethylthiourea did not significantly modify the phase 1 response. However, during phase 2, DMTU attenuated the endotoxin-induced decrease in CI and increases in Ppa, PVR, Hct, AaDo2, lung water, and BALF albumin concentration. In separate groups of endotoxin- and DMTU + endotoxin-treated pigs, lung microvascular hydrostatic pressure was increased to approximately 16 Torr (by fluid overload) to assess alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Under these conditions, DMTU markedly attenuated the endotoxin-induced increase in alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Under these conditions, DMTU markedly attenuated the endotoxin-induced induced increase in alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. We conclude that .OH (and possibly H2O2) significantly contributes to endotoxin-induced lung injury in anesthetized pigs.
Functional heterogeneity of Leu 19"bright"+ and Leu 19"dim"+ lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1989)

Abstract The functional heterogeneity of human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was characterized using LAK effector cells generated in vivo during rIL-2 therapy and separated by FACS into Leu 19"bright"+ and Leu 19"dim"+ subsets. The Leu 19"bright"+ subset mediated significantly greater levels of LAK lytic activity against NK-resistant COLO 205 target cells compared to Leu 19"dim"+ effector cells in chromium release assays. Single cell cytotoxicity assays showed that the Leu 19"bright"+ LAK effector cell subset contained a significantly higher percentage of cells capable of binding to and lysing COLO 205 or K562 target cells compared to the Leu 19"dim"+ subset. Furthermore, individual Leu 19"bright"+ LAK effector cells exhibited a more rapid rate of COLO 205 target cell lysis when compared to Leu 19"dim"+ LAK effector cells. In vitro culturing of Leu 19"bright"+ or Leu 19"dim"+ cells from normal donors with 1500 U/ml rIL-2 resulted in significantly greater levels of proliferation and LAK effector activity by Leu 19"bright"+ cells. Furthermore, whereas 86% of normal Leu 19"bright"+ cells maintained a Leu 19"bright"+ phenotype after rIL-2 stimulation, only 24% of Leu 19"dim"+ cells developed a Leu 19"bright"+ phenotype. These data demonstrate that Leu 19"bright"+ LAK cells are significantly more potent effectors than Leu 19"dim"+ cells due to quantitative and qualitative differences in the LAK effector cells contained within these subsets. Furthermore, these data indicate that Leu 19"bright"+ LAK cells that develop during rIL-2 therapy are derived from Leu 19"bright"+ precursor cells.
Dependence of DNA Persistence Length on Ionic Strength of Solutions with Monovalent and Divalent Salts: A Joint Theory–Experiment Study (2015)

Using high-throughput tethered particle motion single-molecule experiments, the double-stranded DNA persistence length, Lp, is measured in solutions with Na+ and Mg2+ ions of various ionic strengths, I. Several theoretical equations for Lp(I) are fitted to the experimental data, but no decisive theory is found which fits all the Lp values for the two ion valencies. Properly extracted from the particle trajectory using simulations, Lp varies from 30 to 55 nm, and is comparable to previous experimental results. For the Na+-only case, Lp is an increasing concave function of I–1, well fitted by Manning’s electrostatic stretching approach, but not by classical Odjik–Skolnick–Fixman theories with or without counterion condensation. With added Mg2+ ions, Lp shows a marked decrease at low I, interpreted as an ion–ion correlation effect, with an almost linear law in I–1, fitted by a proposed variational approach.
Phase behavior and microstructure of nonaqueous microemulsions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase behavior and microstructure of nonaqueous microemulsionsAnthony. Martino and Eric W. KalerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 4, 1627–1631Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100367a075https://doi.org/10.1021/j100367a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
NSAIDs,<i>Helicobacter pylori,</i>and Pandora's Box (2002)

Widespread use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among the elderly has resulted in a large population of persons at risk for ulcer complications. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were introduced with the hope that they would not cause gastrointestinal complications. However, it is not clear that this has been the case, and now that the dust has settled somewhat, it is possible to take a dispassionate look at the problem.1,2 In this issue of the Journal, Chan et al.3 report a randomized comparison of celecoxib and diclofenac plus omeprazole among patients in Hong Kong who had previously had bleeding from . . .