gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fungal Root Pathogens on the Population Dynamics of Biocontrol Strains of Fluorescent Pseudomonads in the Wheat Rhizosphere (1991)

The influences of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (which causes take-all of wheat), Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 (which causes rhizoctonia root rot of wheat), Pythium irregulare, P. aristosporum, and P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum (which cause pythium root rot of wheat) on the population dynamics of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Q72a-80 (bicontrol strains active against take-all and pythium root rot of wheat, respectively) in the wheat rhizosphere were examined. Root infection by either G. graminis var. tritici or R. solani resulted in populations of both bacterial strains that were equal to or significantly larger than their respective populations maintained on roots in the absence of these pathogens. In contrast, the population of strain 2-79 was significantly smaller on roots in the presence of any of the three Pythium species than on noninfected roots and was often below the limits of detection (50 CFU/cm of root) on Pythium-infected roots after 40 days of plant growth. In the presence of either P. aristosporum or P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum, the decline in the population of Q72a-80 was similar to that observed on noninfected roots; however, the population of this strain declined more rapidly on roots infected by P. irregulare than on noninfected roots. Application of metalaxyl (which is selectively inhibitory to Pythium spp.) to soil naturally infestated with Pythium spp. resulted in significantly larger rhizosphere populations of the introduced bacteria over time than on plants grown in the same soil without metalaxyl. It is apparent that root infections by fungal pathogens may either enhance or depress the population of fluorescent pseudomonads introduced for their control, with different strains of pseudomonads reacting differentially to different genera and species of the root pathogens.
<i>Entity quick click</i> (2006)

Retyping text phrases can be time consuming. As a result, techniques for copying text from one software application to another, such as copy-and-paste and drag-and-drop are now commonplace. However, even these techniques can be too slow in situations where many phrases need to be copied. In the special case where the phrases to be copied represent syntactically identifiable entities, such as person names, company names, telephone numbers, or street addresses, much faster phrase copying is possible. We describe entity quick click, an approach that reduces both the amount of cursor travel and the number of button presses needed to copy a phrase.
Accountable MapReduce in cloud computing (2011)

In this paper, we propose Accountable MapReduce, which forces each machine to be held responsible for its behavior. We set up a group of auditors to perform an Accountability Test (A-test) which will check all working machines and detect malicious nodes in real time.
297. The adsorption of acetic acid and n-butylamine from aqueous solutions by activated charcoals (1948)

J. J. Kipling, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1483 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480001483
The Replacement of Lys620 by Serine Desensitizes <i>Escherichia Coli</i> Phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate Carboxylase to the Effects of the Feedback Inhibitors <scp>l</scp>‐aspartate and <scp>l</scp>‐malate (1997)

Chemical modification of Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (P-pyruvate carboxylase) by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate, a specific reagent for amino groups, causes desensitization to allosteric inhibitors, L-aspartate and L-malate, as well as inactivation. When L-malate is included in the modification mixture, P-pyruvate carboxylase was markedly protected from both desensitization and inactivation [Naide, A., Izui, K., Yoshinaga, T. & Katsuki, H. (1979) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 85, 423-432]. To determine the lysine residue(s) involved in allosteric inhibition, the lysine residues that were protected from modification by L-malate were investigated by analyzing trinitrophenylated peptides liberated by digestion with glutamyl endopeptidase (V8-protease). The identified residues were Lys491, Lys620, Lys650, and Lys773. Each of these residues was individually replaced with an alanine or serine residue by site-directed mutagenesis to produce mutant enzymes. The mutant enzyme whose lysine residue was replaced with serine ([Ser620]P-pyruvate carboxylase) showed a marked desensitization to L-aspartate and L-malate, while retaining almost the same maximal catalytic activity as the wild-type P-pyruvate carboxylase. Essentially no changes in enzymatic properties were observed for the [Ala491]- and [Ala650]P-pyruvate carboxylases, while for the [Ala620]- and [Ala773]P-pyruvate carboxylases the polypeptides of the expected size were not significantly accumulated in the transformed E. coli cells, presumably due to intracellular degradation.
High and Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Uptake in a Cobalt Adeninate Metal−Organic Framework Exhibiting Pyrimidine- and Amino-Decorated Pores (2009)

The synthesis and structure of Co(2)(ad)(2)(CO(2)CH(3))(2) x 2 DMF x 0.5 H(2)O (bio-MOF-11) is described. Pyrimidine and amino groups of adeninate (ad) decorate the pores of the framework. The porosity of this material was studied, and its CO(2) and H(2) adsorption properties were evaluated. bio-MOF-11 exhibits a high heat of adsorption for CO(2) (approximately 45 kJ/mol), a high CO(2) capacity (approximately 6 mmol/g, 273 K), and exceptional selectivity for CO(2) over N(2) at 273 K (81:1) and 298 K (75:1).
A New Useful Conversion Method of Naltrexone to 14‐Deoxynaltrexone. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Review Article: Fructooligosaccharides Enzymatic Preparation and Biofunctions (1991)

I. INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION Recently the study of oligosaccharides has been extensively pursued in Japan after the findings of the remarkable biofunctions and usefulness of fructooligosac-charides for human health, improving the intestinal microflora and importance in livestock nutrition.
Whigs out of Place, 1810–1830 (1990)

This chapter discusses the failed attempts of Grey and Grenville to bring the Whig Party into office. George III relapsed into mental illness in the autumn of 1810. Grey still hoped that the Prince of Wales would honour his old connections with the Whigs and that he would use his prerogative as Regent to bring them into office, as they had hoped in 1788. Before that could happen, however, the Regency had to be established and the question of procedure immediately presented itself. The Whig leaders had to consider how to advise the Prince to reply to the Regency resolutions agreed by the Parliament; however, they had some difficulty in reconciling their opinions. The Regency Bill was formally assented to on 5 February and the Prince was sworn in as Regent on the 6th. Perceval's government was confirmed in office, and the Whigs remained in opposition.
SNR-weighted ART applied to transmission tomography (2004)

In this work, a modification of the well-known algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is applied to the reconstruction of images based on X-ray transmission measurements. The modified version takes the noise statistics of the measured data into account. The difference between a measured and an estimated line integral that is back-projected during the iteration is weighted by a confidence measure. This measure is inversely proportional to an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the line integral. The estimation is done using Gaussian error propagation of the known uncertainty of the measured intensity. The resulting algorithm is as efficient as the original ART and shows significantly better image quality.
Test Strips for Heavy‐Metal Ions Fabricated from Nanosized Dye Compounds (2005)

Sensitive indicators: Test strips for metal ions were obtained simply by filtering dispersions of hydrophobic indicator dyes in the form of nanoparticles or nanofibers through cellulose ester membrane filters, which gave firm and uniform coatings on the surface. The picture shows the detection of ppb concentrations of ZnII with azo-dye-loaded test strips. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503015_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Knowledge Blockchains: Applying Blockchain Technologies to Enterprise Modeling (2018)

Blockchains permit to store information in a tamper-resistant and irrevocable manner by reverting to distributed computing and cryptographic technologies. The primary purpose is to keep track of the ownership of tangible and intangible assets. In the paper at hand we apply these concepts and technologies to the domain of knowledge management. Based on the explication of knowledge in the form of enterprise models this permits the application of so-called knowledge proofs for a. enabling the transparent monitoring of knowledge evolution, b. tracking the provenance, ownership, and relationships of knowledge in an organization, c. establishing delegation schemes for knowledge management, and d. ensuring the existence of patterns in models via zero-knowledge proofs. To validate the technical feasibility of the approach a first technical implementation is described and applied to a fictitious use case.
Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures: A Review of Test Methods (1973)

The study of fatigue at elevated temperature requires the evaluation of material response to several load-time profiles in specified thermal-chemical-nuclear-electric fields. This review of test methods emphasizes the relationships between “pure low-cycle fatigue” and tensile, fracture toughness, creep, cyclic-creep, creep fatigue (interspersion), fatigue-cycle-with-hold, dynamic creep, fatigue crack growth, and high-cycle fatigue testing. The thermal and environmental control is discussed. Special attention is given to isothermal-uniaxial, bending, torsion, and combined stress tests. Cyclic thermal testing is reviewed. Strain measurement, signal conditioning, computer utilization, fatigue crack growth, vacuum and environmental control, nondestructive testing, acoustic emission, and fractography are reviewed as they pertain to fatigue at elevated temperature. Specimen design, gripping, and testing machine characteristics are also discussed.
Catalytic Intermolecular Hydroamination of Vinyl Ethers (2009)

This manuscript details the development of a palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of vinyl ethers. It is proposed that palladium catalyzes the hydroamination via Bronsted base catalysis, where palladium is protonated by the relatively acidic sulfonamide to generate a palladium hydride as well as the active anionic sulfonamide nucleophile. Thus, this process is distinct from known palladium-catalyzed hydroaminations of styrene derivatives that utilize less acidic amines.
Best approximation to the weighted slab method (1991)

The weighted-slab method is modified so that, although it is still not exact, it gives the 'best' approximation in a minimization sense when energy loss cannot be neglected. In this approximation the species-dependent energy-change term that operates on the path-length distribution is 'averaged' over the slab-model solution for that particular energy and path length.
Effects of Ar/N<sub>2</sub> Flow Ratio on Sputtered-AlN Film and Its Application to Low-Voltage Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2006)

In this work, we applied a low-temperature (150 °C) alumina nitride (AlN) film as the gate dielectric in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). It was found that the Poole–Frenkel-type leakage can be suppressed by increasing the nitrogen gas ratio in the deposition process. The thin and low-leakage AlN dielectric was characterized and then utilized in pentacene-based OTFTs. The proposed AlN dielectric greatly lowers the OTFT operating voltage (<5 V). A low threshold voltage (-1.5 V), a low subthreshold swing (104 mV/decade), and a high on/off current ratio (>105) were also obtained for the AlN-OTFTs.
복합학제 설계 교과목 운영 사례와 학습효과 분석 (2006)

오늘날 공학도에게는 타 전공자들과 한 팀을 이루어 공동의 프로젝트를 효과적으로 진행해 나갈 수 있는 능력이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 대학에서는 이러한 요구를 충족시키기 위한 방안으로 복합학제 설계교육의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 동국대학교에서 수행하였던 복합학제 설계교육의 사례를 통해 그 효과를 정량적으로 측정하고 분석하여 보았다. 단일전공자로 구성된 팀들과 복합전공자로 구성된 팀들간의 학업성취도를 비교분석한 결과 복합팀의 학업성취도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 설문조사를 통해 학생들은 팀의 의사소통이 프로젝트를 진행하는데 중요한 요소라고 생각하였으며 이러한 결과는 복합학제 설계교육이 더욱 확대될 필요가 있으며 이를 통해 학생들이 사회에 나가기 전 수업을 통해 꾸준히 연습되어야 함을 보여준다.
Risks and Benefits of Antiarrhythmic Therapy (1994)

Drug treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is not uniformly effective and frequently causes side effects. Recently, new data have become available that more clearly delineate the risks of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy. At the same time, establishing a benefit of treatment with these drugs has proved difficult. The potential benefits of antiarrhythmic therapy -- reductions in mortality or in symptoms related to arrhythmias -- as well as the potential risks are outlined in Table 1. In this review I shall consider the available data defining these risks and benefits (which have usually been delineated in specific groups of patients using specific drugs), the risk . . .
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Tacamonine (Pseudovincamone I) via Radical Cyclization (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Total Synthesis of Tacamonine (Pseudovincamone I) via Radical CyclizationMasataka Ihara, Fumihito Setsu, Miyuki Shohda, Nobuaki Taniguchi, Yuji Tokunaga, and Keiichiro FukumotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5317–5323Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Understanding the Mechanism of Drug Resistance Due to a Codon Deletion in Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase through Computational Modeling (2009)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO; EC 1.3.3.4) is the last common enzyme for the enzymatic transformation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to protoporphyrin-IX, which is the key common intermediate leading to heme and chlorophyll. Hence, PPO has been identified as one of the most importance action targets for the treatment of some important diseases including cancer and variegated porphyria (VP). In the agricultural field, PPO inhibitors have been used as herbicides for many years. Recently, a unique drug resistance was found to be associated with a nonactive site residue (Gly210) deletion rather than substitution in A. tuberculatus PPO. In the present study, extensive computational simulations, including homology modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, have been carried out to uncover the detailed molecular mechanism of drug resistance associated with Gly210 deletion. Although Gly210 in the wild-type A. tuberculatus PPO has no direct interaction with the inhibitors, all the computational models and energetic results indicated that Gly210 deletion has great effects on the hydrogen-bonding network and the conformational change of the binding pocket. An interchain hydrogen bond between Gly210 with Ser424, playing an important role in stabilizing the local conformation of the wild-type enzyme, disappeared after Gly210 deletion. As a result, the mutant-type PPO has a lower affinity than the wild-type enzyme, which accounts for the molecular mechanism of drug resistance. The structural and mechanistic insights obtained from the present study provide a new starting point for future rational design of novel PPO inhibitors to overcome drug resistance associated with Gly210 deletion.
6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activity (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines which have central nervous system depressant activityJackson B. Hester Jr., Allan D. Rudzik, and Bharat V. KamdarCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 11, 1078–1081Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00293a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00293a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1058Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Source class identification for DSLR and compact cameras (2009)

The identification of image acquisition source is an important problem in digital image forensics. In this work, we focus on building a classifier to effectively distinguish between digital images taken from digital single lens reflex (DSLR) and compact cameras. Based on the architecture and the imaging features of DSLR and compact cameras, the images taken from different sources may have different statistical properties in both spatial and transform domains. In this work, we utilized wavelet coefficients and pixel noise statistics to model these two different source classes over 20 different digital cameras. The efficacy of the digital source class identifier, introduced in the paper, has been tested over 1000 high quality camera outputs and post-processed images (resized, re-compressed). Experimental analysis shows that the proposed method has good potential to distinguish DSLR and compact source classes.
A Reconfigurable DT <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta \Sigma $</tex> </formula> Modulator for Multi-Standard 2G/3G/4G Wireless Receivers (2015)

The popularity of fourth generation (4G) cellular communication technology, and the concurrent predominance of second (2G) and third generation (3G) systems have made multi-standard wireless transceivers a necessity. This paper describes the system level planning, the architectural design, and the VLSI implementation of a reconfigurable discrete-time ΔΣ ADC for a multi-standard 2G/3G/4G wireless receiver. We present an optimized switched-capacitor loop filter implementation that maximizes the achievable sampling rate by deploying an early regeneration of the quantizer. Reconfigurability is mainly realized at the architectural level by adapting the oversampling ratio and the quantizer resolution, depending on the mode, to achieve the required dynamic range. Implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology, and occupying an area of 0.31 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the modulator runs at a maximum sampling rate of 450 MHz. The ADC achieves 87 dB and 63 dB DR in a 100 kHz and 25 MHz bandwidth, respectively. The effective resolution ranges from 13.2 bit to 9.7 bit at a scalable power consumption between 3.4 mW and 56.7 mW from a single 1.2 V supply. An open loop reference buffer is embedded on-chip to generate the required reference voltage levels (without the need for external components) making the modulator suitable for fully integrated cellular transceivers.
A study of subsonic fan noise sources (1975)

Sources of noise in a 1.4 m (4.6 ft) diameter subsonic tip speed propulsive fan were studied using a combination of theoretical, experimental, and computer plotting techniques developed specially for noise diagnosis. To assess the structure of inlet turbulence, signals measured from pressure transducers on a rotor blade were plotted in a format to show the space-time history of inlet distortion. Ingested turbulence contained long, thin eddies which produce a tone-like noise component. Turbulence generated in the shroud boundary layer upstream of the rotor tips was found not to be an important noise source. However, this boundary layer does contain large amplitude disturbances caused by inlet turbulence which could be important in fans with thicker boundary layers. Theoretical calculations based on measured blade pressures show that rotor/inlet turbulence interaction and rotor/stator interaction are equally important sources of noise near the first three harmonics of blade passing frequency. At higher frequencies (above 2000 Hz) the rotor noise is dominant.
Effect of mould expansion on pattern allowances in sand casting of steel (2007)

AbstractAbstractFor steel castings produced in sand moulds, the expansion of the sand and have a significant impact on the final size and shape of the casting. Experiments are conducted using a cylindrical casting to study this effect for different sands (silica and zircon) and different sand binder systems (phenolic urethane and sodium silicate). The type of sand has a significant effect on the final casting dimensions, in particular because the expansion of silica sand can be irreversible. The sand expansion effect is enhanced by the presence of sodium silicate binder. In addition, the size of the core, which in the present experiments controls the amount of steel in the mould and thus the heat input to the mould, strongly affects the internal and external dimensions of the resulting casting. A combined casting and stress simulation code is used to predict the dimensional changes of the castings. In several cases, the pattern allowances are predicted successfully both for free and hindered shrinkage cases. Disagreements between the simulation results and the measurements can be attributed to the fact that the stress model does not account for the irreversible nature of the silica sand expansion, which is important when silica sand is heated to temperatures above ∼1200°C; and the outer mould sand surrounding the casting, which can cause inaccuracies when there is significant early mould expansion, hindrance, or movement.Keywords: STEEL CASTINGPATTERN ALLOWANCESAND EXPANSIONDIMENSIONAL CONTROLCASTING SIMULATIONSTRESS ANALYSIS