gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization Kinetics: Monitoring Monomer Conversion Using an Internal Standard and the Key Role of Sample <i>t</i><sub>0</sub> (2010)

The use of an internal standard is a conventional and convenient way to monitor the conversion of one or several monomers during a controlled radical polymerization. However, the validity of this technique relies on an accurate determination of the initial monomer-to-internal standard ratio, A0, because all subsequent calculations of the conversion are based on this value. In most kinetic studies using an internal standard for the determination of the conversion, an incorrect determination of the value of A0 will result in absurd conclusions and will thus be detected and corrected. However, an incorrect determination of A0 can be significantly misleading in the case of controlled polymerization. This article shows that deviation of the kinetic plots from their true shape because of an error in A0 will not look absurd in the case of controlled polymerization. On the contrary, the plots will fit with a possible deviation of the polymerization from a “quasi-living” to a less controlled process. As a consequence, an error on A0 may not be detected and can result in a misinterpretation of the behavior of the system.
An overview of Lassa fever (2019)

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (Lassa mammarenavirus), a negative-sense singlestranded RNA virus of the Arenaviridae family. [1][2] In most cases Lassa virus infection is asymptomatic (presenting no symptom). When symptomatic it is characterized by mild acute febrile disease to a chronic fatal disease with severe toxaemia, capillary leak, hemorrhagic situations, shock and multiple organ failure. Early diagnosis of Lassa fever is very important because of the transmissibility of infection, the need for potent isolation of infected persons and for containing potentially infectious specimens during laboratory testing. [4][5] Lassa fever was first elucidated in the 1950s, but the virus was not recognized until 1969 when it infected two missionary nurses in Lassa Village, Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Natal multimammate rat or common African rat of Mastomys genus are the reservoir of Lassa virus. When the rodents become infected with Lassa virus, they infect humans through their urine and faeces, but remain unharmed. cause of its similarities with other febrile diseases such as malaria, typhoid, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, early detection is difficult. Thus when persons have persistent fever not responding to normal conventional therapies, they should be screened for other possible causes (especially in endemic regions). When the presence of Lassa fever is established in a community, immediate isolation of infected individuals, screening, standard infection prevention and control practices and meticulous contact tracing can halt outbreaks. Treatment involves supportive measures and early use of the antiviral drug ribavirin.
Prosody of syntactically complex sentences in the oral reading of young children. (2006)

Prosodic, or expressive, reading is considered to be one of the essential features of the achievement of reading fluency. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the degree to which the prosody of syntactically complex sentences varied as a function of reading speed and accuracy and (b) the role that reading prosody might play in mediating individual differences in comprehension. Spectrographic analysis of 80 third graders' and 29 adults' reading of a syntactically complex text was carried out. Oral reading skill was measured through standardized assessments. Pitch changes (changes in fundamental frequency) and pause duration were measured for sentence-final words of basic declarative sentences, basic declarative quotatives, wh questions, and yes-no questions; words preceding commas in complex adjectival phrases; and words preceding phrase-final commas. Children who had quick and accurate oral reading had shorter and more adultlike pause structures, larger pitch declinations at the end of basic declarative sentences, and larger pitch rises at the end of yes-no questions. Furthermore, children who showed larger basic declarative sentence declinations and larger pitch rises following yes-no questions tended to demonstrate greater reading comprehension skills.
Biomaterials for Hemorrhage Control (2010)

Hemorrhage control is vital for clinical outcome after surgical treatment and prehospital trauma injuries. Numerous biomaterials have been investigated to control surgical and traumatic bleeding. A comprehensive review has been conducted in the area focused on the topical biomaterials for severe bleeding in prehospital settings. Solid biopolymers and ceramics are most promising materials for lethal external hemorrhage through a variety of mechanisms, while there are currently no definitive topical hemostatic materials for noncompressible internal bleeding on the battlefield. Despite tremendous studies of liquid tissue sealants, their uses for uncontrolled hemorrhage are still limited. Further development of new hemostatic materials for internal bleeding is required. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 2010.
Clinical and neuroimaging features of enterovirus71 related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (2013)

Objective:To investigate clinical and neuroimaging features of enterovirus71(EV71) related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-fool-mouth disease.Methods:Nine patients with acute flaccid paralysis met the criterion of EV71 induced hand-foot-mouth disease underwent spinal and brain MR imaging from May 2008 to Sep 2012.Results:One extremity flaccid was found in four cases(3 with lower limb,1 with upper limb),two limbs flaccid in three cases(2 with lower limbs,1 with upper limbs),and four limbs flaccid in two cases.Spinal MRI studies showed lesion with high signal in T2-weighted images(T2WI) and low signal T1-weighted images(T1WI) in the spinal cord of all nine cases,and the lesions were mainly in bilateral and unilateral anterior hom of cervical spinal cord and spinal cord below thoracic 9(T9) level.In addition,the midbrain,pons, and medulla,which were involved in 3 cases with brainstem encephalitis,demonstrated abnormal signal.Moreover,spinal cord contrast MRI studies showed mild enhancement in corresponding anterior hom of the involved side,and strong enhancement in its ventral root.Conclusions: EV71 related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-foot-mouth disease mainly affected the anterior hom regions and ventral root of cervical spinal cord and spinal cord below T9 level. MR imaging could efficiendy show the characteristic pattern and extent of the lesions which correlated well with the clinical features.
The Dependence between Hourly Prices and Trading Volume (1988)

This study provides evidence on joint characteristics of hourly common stock trading vol? ume and returns on the New York Stock Exchange. Average volume traded shows signifi? cant differences across trading hours of the day and across days of the week. Average returns differ across hours ofthe day, and, to some extent, across days ofthe week. There is a strong contemporaneous relation between trading volume and returns and also a rela? tion between trading volume and returns lagged up to four hours. Furthermore, the trading volume-returns relation is steeper for positive returns than for nonpositive returns.
Seismic Waveform Classification and First-Break Picking Using Convolution Neural Networks (2018)

Regardless of successful applications of the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in different fields, its application to seismic waveform classification and first-break (FB) picking has not been explored yet. This letter investigates the application of CNNs for classifying time-space waveforms from seismic shot gathers and picking FBs of both direct wave and refracted wave. We use representative subimage samples with two types of labeled waveform classification to supervise CNNs training. The goal is to obtain the optimal weights and biases in CNNs, which are solved by minimizing the error between predicted and target label classification. The trained CNNs can be utilized to automatically extract a set of time-space attributes or features from any subimage in shot gathers. These attributes are subsequently inputted to the trained fully connected layer of CNNs to output two values between 0 and 1. Based on the two-element outputs, a discriminant score function is defined to provide a single indication for classifying input waveforms. The FB is then located from the calculated score maps by sequentially using a threshold, the first local minimum rule of every trace and a median filter. Finally, we adopt synthetic and real shot data examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of CNNs-based waveform classification and FB picking. The results illustrate that CNN is an efficient automatic data-driven classifier and picker.
Final full report (2009)

The new millennium catalyzed a shift in the focus of South Asian economies to the service sector. The South Asian countries share many common characteristics - a young population, familiarity with the English language, and an emphasis on quantitative skills at the school level. This report on 'Regional Collaboration on Information Technology (IT) Enabled Services-Smart Strategies for Jobs and Growth in South Asia' was initiated by the South Asia regional programs and South Asia poverty reduction, economic policy, finance and private sector development unit. It responds to a need expressed by our client countries for World Bank support to build their capability in the IT enabled services sector. The current study was commissioned with a view to facilitate their efforts through regional collaboration. This study suggests collaborative initiatives that could drive the growth of the industry through a two pronged approach: increase business through joint promotional activities, sub-contracting of work, building common standards and world class business practices; and develop supply side resources such as skills, support infrastructure and enabling policies. This study makes practical recommendations for collaborative growth between the countries in South Asia, who aspire to become the region of choice' for global outsourcing.
Picosecond transient spectroscopy of molecules in solution (1979)

The transient absorption spectra of a number of compounds in solution at room temperature have been measured with picosecond-scale time resolution and unprecedented accuracy and reliability. It is found that the spectra of benzophenone, xanthone, 9-fluorenone, p-benzoquinone, acridine, quinoxaline, t-stilbene all show significant evolution following excitation with the 353 nm third harmonic of a mode-locked Nd:glass laser. These spectral changes provide evidence for previously unrecognized photophysical behavior in the systems studied, including vibrationally nonthermalized triplet states in benzophenone which persist for tens of picoseconds, and formerly unobserved singlet absorptions in acridine, quinoxaline, fluorenone, and benzoquinone. The inadequacy of single wavelength probing techniques in deducing the dynamics of complex molecular systems such as these is demonstrated by the large extent to which spectra of different states overlap. In many cases a reinterpretation of previous single wavelength results is required because of the presence of vibrationally and electronically unrelaxed species. The apparatus used here to obtain the high quality visible transient spectra is described and its performance characterized.
Addition of corticosteroids to antibiotic treatment ameliorates the course of experimental <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> arthritis (1996)

Systemic corticosteroid administration along with antibiotic therapy had beneficial effects on the course and outcome of S aureus arthritis.
Tenosynovitis of the Tendo Achillis (1941)

wounds discharging Strep. pyogenies comprised those which became infected in the ward (see table) and those which -were already infected with this organism on admission. Of the latter there were in all in the first period 3 (2 in the Table showvinig Inicidenice of Hospital Ilnfectionz of Head Wolunids wtsith Strep. pyogenies in Two Four-mionth Periods, before anid after Introduictioni of Improved Dressing Technique 1st Period 2nd Period Air-raid casualty wounds: Numnber uninfected on admission. . 32 46 Number of hospital infections .. 10 Percentage incidence of hospital infection 31-32 2 "Clean" operation wounds: Number operated upon 46 49 Number of hospital infections -2 0 Percentage incidence of hospital infection 4-4 0.0
DISTURBANCES OF VISION BY CEREBRAL LESIONS (1918)

months ago I was able to present to this Section with my colleague, Colonel Lister, certain clinical observations on the disturbances of vision produced by gunshot injuries of the visual cortex and of the optic radiations. From these we drew certain conclusions on the cortical representation of the retina, and particularly on the segmental correspondence of different areas of the retina with separate zones of the visual cortex. Our chief conclusions were:
Chip-to-Chip Inductive Wireless Power Transmission System for SiP Applications (2006)

A chip-to-chip inductive wireless power transmission system is proposed and the feasibility is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The circuit realized 2.5mW power transmission at the output DC voltage of 0.5V using 700 times 700mum on-chip planar inductors for the transmitter and the receiver. Methods to optimize the circuit design about the maximum transmission power and the simulated optimization results are discussed
Effect of surface treatments on the surface morphology of zirconia ceramic (2013)

Objective To investigate the surface morphological changes of zirconia ceramic after different surface treatments.Methods Forty-eight square specimens of sintered zirconia ceramic,6 mm×6 mm×2 mm in volume,were allocated to 4 groups(n=12 each) by random digits table which were respectively subjected to no surface treatment (group A),airborne-particle abrasion with 120 μm A12O3 particles (group B),selective infiltration etching (SIE) with IPS e-max ceram glaze paste as infiltration agent (group C) and SIE with In-ceram alumina glass powder as infiltration agent(group D).The surface roughness of specimens in all groups was measured after surface treatments.The surface features of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and the changes of surface element contents were detected by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).Results The Ra values of surface roughness for groups A,B,C and D were (0.078 0±0.016 0) pμm,(0.100 5±0.003 1) μm,(0.410 7±0.037 0) μm and(0.262 3±0.014 3) μm respectively.The surface roughness in groups C and D was significantly higher compared to groups A and B (all P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between groups A and B (P＞0.05).The surface roughness in group C was significantly higher than that in group D (P＜0.01),having the highest Ra value of all groups.SEM and EDS revealed the changes in surface morphology but none in contents of surface elements of zirconia ceramics after surface treatments.Conclusion SIE can increase the surface roughness of zirconia ceramics,and shape the reticular gap on surface,which may profit to the infiltration of resin adhesives.

Key words: 
Zirconia ceramics; Selective infiltration etching; Surface treatment; Surface roughness
Microbial System for Polysaccharide Depolymerization: Enzymatic Route for Xanthan Depolymerization by <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Strain GL1 (1999)

An enzymatic route for the depolymerization of a heteropolysaccharide (xanthan) in Bacillus sp. strain GL1, which was closely related to Brevibacillus thermoruber, was determined by analyzing the structures of xanthan depolymerization products. The bacterium produces extracellular xanthan lyase catalyzing the cleavage of the glycosidic bond between pyruvylated mannosyl and glucuronyl residues in xanthan side chains (W. Hashimoto et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3765-3768, 1998). The modified xanthan after the lyase reaction was then depolymerized by extracellular beta-D-glucanase to a tetrasaccharide, without the terminal mannosyl residue of the side chain in a pentasaccharide, a repeating unit of xanthan. The tetrasaccharide was taken into cells and converted to a trisaccharide (unsaturated glucuronyl-acetylated mannosyl-glucose) by beta-D-glucosidase. The trisaccharide was then converted to the unsaturated glucuronic acid and a disaccharide (mannosyl-glucose) by unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase. Finally, the disaccharide was hydrolyzed to mannose and glucose by alpha-D-mannosidase. This is the first complete report on xanthan depolymerization by bacteria. Novel beta-D-glucanase, one of the five enzymes involved in the depolymerization route, was purified from the culture fluid. This enzyme was a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 173 kDa and was most active at pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C. The enzyme specifically acted on xanthan after treatment with xanthan lyase and released the tetrasaccharide.
A stochastic model for the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and applicationss (2016)

The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) is a measure for the estimated side effects of a given radiation treatment schedule. Here we use a stochastic logistic birth-death process to define an organ-specific and patient-specific NTCP. We emphasize an asymptotic simplification which relates the NTCP to the solution of a logistic differential equation. This framework is based on simple modelling assumptions and it prepares a framework for the use of the NTCP model in clinical practice. As example, we consider side effects of prostate cancer brachytherapy such as increase in urinal frequency, urinal retention and acute rectal dysfunction.
CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR MULTICHANNEL NAND FLASH MEMORY FOR HIGHER EFFICIENCY IN SSD’S (2015)

Flash based storage system is presently very attractive in the market than the previous Magnetic disk drives. Flash memory is basically Non-Volatile memory; it means it can electrically erasable and programmable. The Flash memory has less power consumption and less latency compare to previous magnetic disk drives, this makes flash more attractive and popular. Flash memory basically comprises of three basic operations, they are Read, Write (program), and Erase. The Flash memory will be written in pages and will be erased in blocks. Functions of the multi-channel parallel controller are validated according to a wide spread of workloads. The proposed Flash controller develops its own method for the reorganization and mapping of invalid blocks in a Flash chip. This paper explains about new flash controller design and control signals for flash operations and also exploits the parallelism by using multiple channels or multiple controllers for single flash memory in order to reduce the further latency in read, write and erase operation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three-Coordinate and Related β-Diketiminate Derivatives of Manganese, Iron, and Cobalt (2002)

Treatment of M[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) (M = Mn, Fe, Co) with various bulky beta-diketimines afforded a variety of new three-coordinate complexes which were characterized by UV-vis, (1)H NMR and IR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and X-ray crystallography. Reaction of the beta-diketimine H(Dipp)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(Dipp) (Dipp(2)N(wedge)NH; Dipp = C(6)H(3)-2,6-Pr(i)(2)) with M[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) (M = Mn or Co) gave Dipp(2)N(wedge)NMN(SiMe(3))(2) (M = Mn, 1; Co, 3) while the reaction of Fe[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) with Ar(2)N(wedge)NH (Ar = Dipp, C(6)F(5), Mes, C(6)H(3)-2,6-Me(2), or C(6)H(3)-2,6-Cl(2)) afforded the series of iron complexes Ar(2)N(wedge)NFe[N(SiMe(3))(2)] (Ar = Dipp, 2a; C(6)F(5), 2b; Mes, 2c; C(6)H(3)-2,6-Me(2), 2d; C(6)H(3)-2,6-Cl(2), 2e). This represents a new synthetic route to beta-diketiminate complexes of these metals. The four-coordinate bis-beta-diketiminate complex Fe[N(wedge)N(C(6)F(5))(2)](2), 4, was also isolated as a byproduct from the synthesis of 2b. Direct reaction of the Dipp(2)N(wedge)NLi with CoCl(2) gave the "ate" salt Dipp(2)N(wedge)NCoCl(2)Li(THF)(2), 5, in which the lithium chloride has formed a complex with Dipp(2)N(wedge)NCoCl through chloride bridging. The Fe(III) species Dipp(2)N(wedge)NFeCl(2), 6, was obtained cleanly from the reaction of FeCl(3) with Dipp(2)N(wedge)NLi. Magnetic measurements showed that all the complexes have a high spin configuration. The different substituents in the series of iron complexes 2a-e allowed assignment of their paramagnetically shifted (1)H NMR spectra. The X-ray crystal structures 1-2d and 3 showed that they have a distorted three-coordinate planar configuration at the metals whereas complexes 4-6 have highly distorted four-coordinate geometries.
Kidney Transplantation with Early Corticosteroid Withdrawal (2014)

The use of early corticosteroid withdrawal (ECSW) protocols after kidney transplantation has become common, but the effects on fracture risk and bone quality are unclear. We enrolled 47 first-time adult transplant recipients managed with ECSW into a 1-year study to evaluate changes in bone mass, microarchitecture, biomechanical competence, and remodeling with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT), parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and bone turnover markers obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplantation. Compared with baseline, 12-month areal bone mineral density by DXA did not change significantly at the spine and hip, but it declined significantly at the 1/3 and ultradistal radii (2.2% and 2.9%, respectively; both P<0.001). HRpQCT of the distal radius revealed declines in cortical area, density, and thickness (3.9%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively; all P<0.001), trabecular density (4.4%; P<0.001), and stiffness and failure load (3.1% and 3.5%, respectively; both P<0.05). Findings were similar at the tibia. Increasing severity of hyperparathyroidism was associated with increased cortical losses. However, loss of trabecular bone and bone strength were most severe at the lowest and highest PTH levels. In summary, ECSW was associated with preservation of bone mineral density at the central skeleton; however, it was also associated with progressive declines in cortical and trabecular bone density at the peripheral skeleton. Cortical decreases related directly to PTH levels, whereas the relationship between PTH and trabecular bone decreases was bimodal. Studies are needed to determine whether pharmacologic agents that suppress PTH will prevent cortical and trabecular losses and post-transplant fractures.