gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Best Practice: Das Internet als Plattform für neue digitale Formen politischer Partizipation (2009)

<i>Background:</i> In the Asia-Pacific region, betel quid and areca nut chewing is a public health concern that requires immediate attention. There is a need to improve knowledge about the harmful effects of betel quid and areca nut chewing and train health care professionals to provide preventive interventions. <i>Objectives:</i> To introduce and evaluate the Pacific Open Learning Health Net (POLHN) online courses about the dangers of betel quid and areca nut. <i>Methods:</i> Two self-paced courses about betel quid and areca nut chewing were developed and offered via the POLHN which predominantly engages health professional working in the Pacific islands. Students completing each of the courses were asked to complete a survey measuring course organization, content, length and comprehension level, evaluation methods, adaption to the Pacific island context, relevance to work and level of interaction. <i>Conclusions:</i> The POLHN courses about the dangers of betel quid and areca nut were well accepted by participants for quality and relevancy to their work. POLHN is the first platform that offers a course in betel quid and areca nut in the Pacific and has the potential to be adopted elsewhere.
Improving the Fuel Saving Benefits of Synthetic Engine Oils (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate additives for their ability to reduce the coefficient of friction of synthetic engine oils using a laboratory bench test apparatus. A class of additives was identified that also proved effective in providing fuel economy benefits when tested in vehicle dynamometer evaluations. Additional investigations using the proposed ASTM Five Car Energy Conserving Engine Oil Test Procedure confirmed the fuel saving performance of this specific additive class. This paper also discusses overall engine performance of synthetic engine oils formulated using this unique type of friction reducing additive. A full series of API SF/CC/CD quality level sequence tests, including critical extended length evaluations, was performed and excellent performance was demonstrated.</div>
Taurolidine reduces the tumor stimulating cytokine interleukin-1beta in patients with resectable gastrointestinal cancer: a multicentre prospective randomized trial (2009)

ISRCTN66478538.
Detection of the Sickle Gene in the Human Fetus (1972)

Abstract A method for detection of the types of globin chains synthesized by first-trimester fetuses has been established with umbilical-cord blood derived from fetuses removed at hysterotomy. The ...
Parameterized Logarithmic Framework for Image Enhancement (2010)

Image processing technologies such as image enhancement generally utilize linear arithmetic operations to manipulate images. Recently, Jourlin and Pinoli successfully used the logarithmic image processing (LIP) model for several applications of image processing such as image enhancement and segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a parameterized LIP (PLIP) model that spans both the linear arithmetic and LIP operations and all scenarios in between within a single unified model. We also introduce both frequency- and spatial-domain PLIP-based image enhancement methods, including the PLIP Lee's algorithm, PLIP bihistogram equalization, and the PLIP alpha rooting. Computer simulations and comparisons demonstrate that the new PLIP model allows the user to obtain improved enhancement performance by changing only the PLIP parameters, to yield better image fusion results by utilizing the PLIP addition or image multiplication, to represent a larger span of cases than the LIP and linear arithmetic cases by changing parameters, and to utilize and illustrate the logarithmic exponential operation for image fusion and enhancement.
Epidemiology of human fascioliasis: a review and proposed new classification. (1999)

The epidemiological picture of human fascioliasis has changed in recent years. The number of reports of humans infected with Fasciola hepatica has increased significantly since 1980 and several geographical areas have been described as endemic for the disease in humans, with prevalence and intensity ranging from low to very high. High prevalence of fascioliasis in humans does not necessarily occur in areas where fascioliasis is a major veterinary problem. Human fascioliasis can no longer be considered merely as a secondary zoonotic disease but must be considered to be an important human parasitic disease. Accordingly, we present in this article a proposed new classification for the epidemiology of human fascioliasis. The following situations are distinguished: imported cases; autochthonous, isolated, nonconstant cases; hypo-, meso-, hyper-, and holoendemics; epidemics in areas where fascioliasis is endemic in animals but not humans; and epidemics in human endemic areas.
Development and validation of a procedure for numerical vibration analysis of an oscillating wave surge converter (2016)

During extreme sea states so called impact events can be observed on the wave energy converter Oyster. In small scale experimental tests these impact events cause high frequency signals in the measured load which decrease confidence in the data obtained. These loads depend on the structural dynamics of the model. Amplification of the loads can occur and is transferred through the structure from the point of impact to the load cell located in the foundation. Since the determination of design data and load cases for Wave Energy Converters originate from scale experiments, this lack of confidence has a direct effect on the development. Numerical vibration analysis is a valuable tool in the research of the structural load response of Oyster to impact events, but must take into account the effect of the surrounding water. This can be done efficiently by adding an added mass distribution, computed with a linearised potential boundary element method. This paper presents the development and validation of a numerical procedure, which couples the OpenSource boundary element code NEMOH with the Finite Element Analysis tool CodeAster. Numerical results of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure under the influence of added mass due to specific structural modes are compared with experimental results.
The biological basis of cancer (1996)

People with cancer require sensitive nursing. They need information, explanations, encouragement, support and guidance through investigation, diagnosis and treatment options. One person in three may have a diagnosis of cancer sometime in his/her life, thus the nurse is faced with an increased probability of caring for a cancer patient during his/her career. In general, both the public and nurses have a negative view of cancer because of lack of knowledge about cancer. Knowledge of the fundamental pathophysiological aspects of cancer can increase understanding about the causes of cancer, its development and the rationale for treatment approaches. Ultimately, knowledge assists nurses in supporting and empowering their patients.
Mild Analgesics as an Alternative to Ergotamine in Migraine. A Comparative Trial with Acetylsalicylic Acid, Ergotamine Tartrate, and a Dextropropoxyphene Compound (1980)

The effect of ergotamine tartrate was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid and a dextropropoxyphene compound (Doleron novum) on 525 acute migraine attacks in a double-blind crossover study of 25 adult female patients. Ergotamine tartrate and the dextropropoxyphene compound were equally effective and significantly superior to acetylsalicylic acid in preventing the attacks entirely. If the attacks were only partially prevented, the dextropropoxyphene compound was significantly superior to acetylsalicylic acid in making the attacks shorter and milder, while ergotamine tartrate did not differ significantly from acetylsalicylic acid or the dextropropoxyphene compound. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was lowest during treatment with the dextropropoxyphene compound. In the patients' overall preference, the dextropropoxyphene compound and ergotamine tartrate were significantly superior to acetyl-salicylic acid. In acute migraine the combination of dextropropoxyphene, a centrally acting analgesic, with acetylsalicylic acid and phenazone gives an alternative to ergotamine tartrate that is equally effective and causes less nausea and vomiting.
End-to-End Versioning Support for Web Services (2008)

Software services are, just like any other software system, subject to permanent change. We argue that these changes should generally be transparent to service consumers. However, currently consumers are often tied to a given version of a service and have no means of easily upgrading to a newer version. In this paper we propose a WSDL-driven classification of Web service change types and discuss a versioning mechanism for service-oriented systems that considers revision management on registry- and client-side. We use the concepts of service version graphs and selection strategies to provide transparent end-to-end versioning support, and show how this approach is implemented in our service-oriented computing runtime VRESCo. Furthermore, we illustrate the advantages of our approach in comparison to the current state of the art using a realistic case study.
Regional haemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 in rat and man: unexpected adverse reactions (1990)

Endothelin-1 was infused into the non-dominant brachial artery in two male subjects. We then monitored intra-arterial mean blood pressure, right atrial pressure, the heart rate and forearm blood flow (by plethysmography). Endothelin-1 at a dose of 5 x 10(-14) to 5 x 10(-9) mol, infused over 5 min periods, elicited no major changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and right atrial pressure. We observed an initial increase in forearm blood flow, followed by dose-dependent decreases of 25, 34 and 42% at 5 x 10(-11) to 5 x 10(-9) mol. A higher dose of endothelin-1, 5 x 10(-8) mol, given to only one of the subjects, elicited sweating and vomiting. In this subject, mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and the heart rate did not change, while forearm blood flow increased transiently. A deep muscular pain developed in the forearm receiving the endothelin-1 infusion after 30 min (maximum 2 h, duration 10 h), and this pain was intensified by touch and muscle contractions. The force of muscle contractions in the forearm was markedly reduced and a visible oedema developed. In order to investigate the mechanisms of oedema formation, endothelin-1 (10(-10) to 5 x 10(-8) mol/l) was given intra-arterially in a rat hindquarter preparation which was perfused at a constant flow rate. In the rat, endothelin-1 increased both pre- and postcapillary resistance, leading to an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure and a marked net transcapillary fluid transfer from the perfusate to tissue. There was no sign of increased vascular permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biological Control of Crystal Texture: A Widespread Strategy for Adapting Crystal Properties to Function (1993)

Textures of calcite crystals from a variety of mineralized tissues belonging to organisms from four phyla were examined with high-resolution synchrotron x-ray radiation. Significant differences in coherence length and angular spread were observed between taxonomic groups. Crystals from polycrystalline skeletal ensembles were more perfect than those that function as single-crystal elements. Different anisotropic effects on crystal texture were observed for sea urchin and mollusk calcite crystals, whereas none was found for the foraminifer, Patellina, and the control calcite crystals. These results show that the manipulation of crystal texture in different organisms is under biological control and that crystal textures in some tissues are adapted to function. A better understanding of this apparently widespread biological phenomenon may provide new insights for improving synthetic crystal-containing materials.
Collaborative Filtering Based Recommendation System for Product Bundling (2006)

Abstract: Due to the convenience of Internet, people can search for whatever information they need and buy whatever they want on the web. In the age of E-Commerce, it is important for firms to develop web-based marketing strategy such as product bundling to increase revenue. Recommendation system(RS) is a platform that can be used to reduce the searching cost of consumers, increase the effectiveness of firm's promotion strategies and enhance consumer's loyalty. This paper propose a web-based collaborative filtering mechanism for firm's product bundling strategy. First, Clustering using Adaptive Resonance Theory is applied to generate different kinds of customer group, in which members have same attributes or habits. Second, Data Mining using association rule techniques is applied to find the relations between two products in given support and confidence values. And last, the RS value is calculated to generate personal product bundling list and top-N recommendations. Experiment results also show that it is a feasible and effective design scheme.
Scheduling web banner advertisements with multiple display frequencies (2006)

Online advertising continues to be a significant source of income for many Internet-based organizations. Recent indications of improved economic growth are having an impact on advertisement revenue, with the estimated online advertising revenue in the United States for the fourth quarter of 2003 totaling a record of $2.2 billion. A substantial portion of this income comes from banner advertisements, and efficient scheduling of these advertisements could result in a considerable increase in profits. The problem of scheduling banner advertisements has been observed to be intractable via traditional optimization techniques and has received only limited attention in the literature. In addition, all past attempts to address this problem have been based on an "all-or-nothing" framework, where a customer specifies the exact number of copies of the ad to be displayed over the planning horizon, if it is selected for display by the provider of the advertisement space. This paper extends it to a more realistic setting, where the customer is allowed to specify a set of acceptable display frequencies. The Lagrangian decomposition-based solution approaches presented in this paper are observed to provide good schedules in a reasonable period of time.
Novel synthetic molecules targeting the bacterial RNA polymerase assembly (2005)

This is, to our knowledge, the first example of a small molecule inhibitor of this interaction.
Isolation and Properties of a Pseudomonas acidovorans Bacteriophage (1970)

SUMMARY The lytic bacteriophage ϕW-14 was isolated from sewage using Pseudomonas acidovorans no. 14 as host. The phage had an icosahedral head some 85 nm. in diameter and a contractile tail some 140 nm. long. ϕW-14 formed plaques on only a few strains of P. acidovorans. The phage gave biphasic absorption kinetics, with an adsorption constant of 1·9 × 10−9 ml./min. The latent period was 60 min. and the burst size was about 300. The burst size was dependent upon culture age. The k u.v.. for inactivation of ϕW-14 was 4·35 min.−1. P. acidovorans was shown to possess a potent photoreactivating system. The heat of inactivation of ϕW-14 was calculated to be 75,700 cal./mole. The phage gave biphasic thermal inactivation kinetics at 55° and 60° but not at 65°. The phage mutated spontaneously to a different plaque type. This mutation affected the adsorptive properties, the thermal sensitivity and the burst size of the phage.
Safety of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapies in Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancertissues (2009)

Postmenopausal patients with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer are typically treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy, which significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. Because treatment is of a long duration, side effects from adjuvant therapy can be problematic. The aromatase inhibitors (AIS) are replacing tamoxifen as first-line treatment agents for early breast cancer. Here, we present the side-effect data associated with AIS in relation to bone, gynecologic, and cardiovascular health and to arthralgia and myalgia. Although AIS have been shown to decrease bone density, increase arthralgia, and affect vaginal health, these adverse events are usually manageable, and several strategies can be followed to improve quality of life in women on AI treatment. To optimize adherence to therapy. It is important that these issues are addressed so that women can benefit from treatment.
Possible Mode of Transfer of Infection by Syringes Used for Mass Inoculation (1950)

A common mass-inoculation technique (M.R.C., 1945) employs a separate sterile needle for each injection, but does not sterilize the syringe, which contains several doses of inoculum, between injections.
Measuring tropospheric HNO<sub>3</sub>: Problems and prospects for nylon filter and mist chamber techniques (1990)

We performed a series of laboratory and field measurements to evaluate the mist chamber technique for determining tropospheric HNO 3 concentrations. Both the mist chamber and standard Nylon filter techniques exhibit high collection efficiency and excellent agreement measuring HNO 3 vapors from a permeation source. When simultaneously sampling ambient air in eastern Virginia the Nylon filter measured an average of 70% higher HNO 3 concentration than the mist chamber technique. Our results indicate that O 3 causes a low‐level positive artifact interference in HNO 3 measurements performed with the filter technique. This O 3 ‐induced error is small, however, compared to the large difference between atmospheric HNO 3 concentrations determined with the two techniques. We hypothesize that unidentified (organic?) nitrogen species in the atmosphere react for form NO 3 − on the filter and this phenomenon may interfere with Nylon filter measurements of HNO 3 vapor. These potential interferences did not appear to affect measurements of HNO 3 with the mist chamber method, but we are continuing studies to evaluate potential interference from various atmospheric species. Because the mist chamber technique employs an aerosol prefilter, it is probably best suited for measuring HNO 3 concentrations when particle‐NO 3 − levels are low. In light of our preliminary results, we caution users of the Nylon filter method to continue to critically evaluate this technique for specificity in determining HNO 3 vapor phase concentrations in the atmosphere, particularly at low concentrations typical of the remote troposphere.
Optimizing dose and scheduling of filgrastim (granulocyte colony- stimulating factor) for mobilization and collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells in normal volunteers [see comments] (1995)

To define an optimal regimen for mobilizing and collecting peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for use in allogeneic transplantation, we evaluated the kinetics of mobilization by filgrastim (recombinant met-human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [r-metHuG-CSF]) in normal volunteers. Filgrastim was injected subcutaneously for up to 10 days at a dose of 3 (n = 10), 5 (n = 5), or 10 micrograms/kg/d (n = 15). A subset of volunteers from each dose cohort underwent a 7L leukapheresis on study day 6 (after 5 days of filgrastim). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC) numbers in the blood were maximal after 5 days of filgrastim; a broader peak was evident for CD34+ cells between days 4 and 6. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mean number of PBPC per milliliter of blood in the three dose cohorts overlapped on each study day. However, on the peak day, CD34+ cells were significantly higher in the 10 micrograms/kg/d cohort than in a pool of the 3 and 5 micrograms/kg/d cohorts. Mobilization was not significantly influenced by volunteer age or sex. Leukapheresis products obtained at the 10 micrograms/kg/d dose level contained a median GM-CFC number of 93 x 10(4)/kg (range, 50 x 10(4)/kg to 172 x 10(4)/kg). Collections from volunteers receiving lower doses of filgrastim contained a median GM-CFC number of 36 x 10(4)/kg (range, 5 x 10(4)/kg to 204 x 10(4)/kg). The measurement of CD34+ cells per milliliter of blood on the day of leukapheresis predicted the total yield of PBPC in the leukapheresis product (r = .87, P < .0001). Assuming a minimum GM-CFC requirement of 50 x 10(4)/kg (based on our experience with autologous PBPC transplantation), all seven leukapheresis products obtained at the 10 micrograms/kg/d dose level were potentially sufficient for allogeneic transplantation purposes. We conclude that in normal donors, filgrastim 10 micrograms/kg/d for 5 days with a single leukapheresis on the following day is a highly effective regimen for PBPC mobilization and collection. Further studies are required to determine whether PBPC collected with this regimen reliably produce rapid and sustained engraftment in allogeneic recipients.
Self-catalysis by aminosilanes and strong surface oxidation by O<sub>2</sub> plasma in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of high-quality SiO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) has been applied to prepare high-quality ultrathin films for microelectronics, catalysis, and energy applications. The possible pathways for SiO2 PE-ALD using aminosilanes and O2 plasma have been investigated by density functional theory calculations. The silane half-reaction between SiH4 and surface -OH is very difficult and requires a high activation free energy of 57.8 kcal mol(-1). The introduction of an aminosilane, such as BDMAS, can reduce the activation free energy to 11.0 kcal mol(-1) and the aminosilane plays the role of a self-catalyst in Si-O formation through the relevant half-reaction. Among the various species generated in O2 plasma, (3)O2 is inactive towards surface silane groups, similar to ordinary oxygen gas. The other three species, (1)O2, (1)O, and (3)O, can strongly oxidize surface silane groups through one-step or stepwise pathways. In the (3)O pathway, the triplet must be converted into the singlet and follow the (1)O pathway. Meanwhile, both (1)O and (3)O can decay to (1)O2 and enter into the relevant oxidation pathway. The concept of self-catalysis of aminosilanes may be invoked to design and prepare more effective Si precursors for SiO2 ALD. At the same time, the mechanism of strong surface oxidation by O2 plasma may be exploited in the PE-ALD preparation of other oxides, such as Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, and TiO2.