gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of atherosclerosis in murine models: correlation between lesions in the aortic origin and in the entire aorta, and differences in the extent of lesions between sexes in LDL receptor-deficient and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (1995)

Murine strains susceptible to atherosclerosis provide valuable models to study factors involved in atherogenesis. In some murine models, limited hypercholesterolemia can be achieved and lesions develop primarily in the aortic origin, in the vicinity of the aortic valve. In other models such as LDL receptor-deficient and apoE-deficient mice, diet-induced or spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis are much greater. To determine whether lesion formation in the aortic origin, where particular pathogenic conditions may exist, correlates with lesion formation throughout the entire aorta, we measured the extent of atherosclerosis in both areas in 8 apoE- and 11 LDL receptor-deficient mice fed cholesterol-rich diets for 3-6 months, as well as in 9 C57BL/6 mice fed an atherogenic diet for a year, using two different morphometric methods. Both apoE-deficient and LDL receptor-deficient mice developed extensive lesions throughout the aorta, and in these models a significant correlation was observed between the extent of lesions in the entire aorta (measured as percent of surface area) and that at the aortic origin (measured as averaged lesion area per cross-section) (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the plasma cholesterol levels achieved in C57BL/6 mice were much lower, and atherosclerotic lesions were found almost exclusively in the aortic origin. These results demonstrate that in murine models developing extensive aortic lesions, both morphometric methods provide valid and complementary information on the degree and distribution of atherosclerosis, and suggest that under severe atherogenic conditions lesion formation throughout the aorta is determined by the same pathological factors, in each model. Comparison of the extent of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta between genders also showed that male LDL receptor-deficient mice had significantly more lesions than females (29.2 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.005, n = 16). A similar trend was also seen in apoE-deficient mice.
Effect of Protected Lipids on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Short-Fed Steers2 (1978)

Forty F-1 Brahman × Hereford steers approximately 12 months old were grazed on a winter pasture of wheat, oats and ‘Gulf’ ryegrass for 145 days prior to a 56-day feeding trial. Six of the 40 steers were slaughtered at the end of the grazing phase to obtain slaughter, carcass and palatability data from steers receiving pasture only. The remaining 34 steers wre fed control (C) or protected tallow (PT) diets. The PT diet contained 20.26% protected tallow supplement which provided 8% actual tallow in the diet. Calculated NEg values per animal per day for the two diets using conventional energy values were 6.03 and 5.15 megcal for C and PT, respectively, which projected gains of .98 and .87 kilograms. Actual gains of .92 and 1.10 kg per head per day were 94% of expected for C and 126% of expected for PT. Steers fed either diet for 56 days following the pasture phase had higher dressing percentages (P<.0001), greater amounts of subcutaneous fat, kidney, pelvic and heart (KPH) fat (P<.03) and were more tender (P<.01) than steers slaughtered off pasture. When compared with C, PT steers gained more (P<.02), consumed less (P<.001) feed per kilogram gain, had higher (P<.10) marbling scores and USDA grade, and had greater (P<.10) amounts of fat in the longissimus muscle.
Device Driver and System Call Isolation in Embedded Devices (2019)

The number of low-end embedded devices in today's Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems is increasing along with their security concerns. Memory isolation mechanisms are often absent, programming flaws lead to malfunctioning applications, which in turn can crush the whole system. A common design approach in these devices is to have applications, operating system components, and device driver libraries reside in a single non-isolated address space, which represents one vast attack surface. Furthermore, with increasing network connectivity and frequent dynamic updates, new or modified applications and services are uploaded, opening space for even more attacks. Isolating the execution of applications in these systems is still a challenge. In this work we provide a holistic hardware/software co-designed approach for memoryisolation, which prevents corruption of the state of the operating system and applications from a buggy software, including device drivers, interrupt service routines, and misused system calls. We implemented low-cost architectural extensions in a RISC-V-based microcontroller which work together with kernel-based protection concepts. Our evaluation shows that applications as well as the kernel can enjoy the benefits of the proposed memory isolation with minimal impact on performance and an insignificant increase in the area of the MCU.
Microseismic Closure Window Better Characterizes Hydraulic Fracture Geometry (2016)

Abstract Many studies have assessed microseismic (MS) interpretation, and its source mechanisms in hydraulically fractured shale wells. However, the ability to derive stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and fracture geometry from MS data is still controversial. This is because MS events not only come from the induced main fractures of the current stage, but they also result from reactivation of natural fractures (NF) or faults, previous hydraulic fractures (HF), stratigraphic boundaries, or other operational noise. MS data of adjacent stages tend to overlap each other severely, masking the real SRV of the current stage. Simulated complex fracture networks using MS data always yield higher production results when compared to actual production. We address these issues with an efficient MS interpretation method. This method divides the MS events into three windows using an Excel-VBA program: the Pad Window, the Proppant Window, and the Closure Window. These windows are based on the fracture stimulation job record for each stage. The Closure Window includes only the events from the end of pumping until the end of shut-in of the current stage. During the Closure Window, i.e., shut-in time before flowback, leakoff into the formation matrix can cause micropores to enlarge, resulting in MS events with compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) and isotropic (ISO) sources (crack opening mechanisms). Leakoff can also cause slippage of pre-existing NF and result in MS events with double-couple (DC) source. These fractures are secondary fractures with potential to transport fluid and facilitate the induced major fractures. When all of the fluid leaks off at positions along the main fractures, the fracture will close, which may trigger MS events with CLVD and ISO source mechanisms. We extracted the MS events in the Closure Window and eliminated those events induced by previous stages, NF, and pumping noise. Thus, we reduced the MS cloud overlap of different stages and increased the accuracy of the inferred fracture geometry and SRV. Case applications on several shale wells were used to test this method. On the basis of the results, we suggest continued monitoring MS events after the end of proppant pumping. The method developed in this study can process any MS data and the associated fracture stimulation job data to segregate the three MS event windows. The Closure MS Window will indicate fracture geometry more accurately, and thus enhance optimization of hydraulic fracturing design and the prediction of hydrocarbon production.
DESIGN OF CONFIGURABLE IP CORE FOR ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION (2014)

This paper addresses the design & implementation of configurable Intellectual Property (IP) core for double error detection and single error Correction. The encoding /decoding algorithms considered in this can be implemented with a simple and faster hardware. The block can be used for coding and decoding word having any length and correct single bit error occurred and detect double bit error, during transmission. The user can define the word length and the hamming bits required.
Natriuretic peptide receptor mRNAs in the rat and human heart. (1992)

Functional studies indicate that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a member of the natriuretic peptide family, has direct effects on cardiac muscle cells. However, conventional ligand-binding studies designed to establish the presence of natriuretic peptide-binding sites in the heart have yielded conflicting results. There are discrepancies also between the latter and the receptor distribution predicted from the pattern of the mRNA transcripts localized by in situ hybridization. Here we have employed the technique of cDNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction to confirm the presence of natriuretic peptide A, B, and C receptor mRNAs in rat and human cardiac tissue. In the rat heart, the distribution of the A and B receptor transcripts appears to be relatively homogeneous; in contrast, the C type mRNA is concentrated principally in the atria, with no difference between the left and right sides of the heart. A and B receptor DNA products were obtained after amplification of left, but not right, ventricular cDNA from the heart of a 16-yr-old male with cystic fibrosis; the yield of C receptor DNA was similar for both ventricles. If these mRNA transcripts are translated into functional receptors in the rat and human heart, ANP and the other natriuretic peptides may have direct effects on cardiac function, including regulation of natriuretic peptide release via a short feedback loop, modulation of contractility of the heart, or activation of cardiac reflexes.
Photothrombosis-Induced Infarction of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex Is Not Affected by the Nrf2-Activator Sulforaphane (2012)

Sulforaphane-induced activation of the transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2 or the gene Nfe2l2) and subsequent induction of the phase II antioxidant system has previously been shown to exert neuroprotective action in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia. However, its ability to attenuate functional and cellular deficits after permanent focal cerebral ischemia is not clear. We assessed the neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane in the photothrombotic model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Sulforaphane was administered (5 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) after ischemic onset either as a single dose or as daily doses for 3 days. Sulforaphane increased transcription of Nrf2, Hmox1, GCLC and GSTA4 mRNA in the brain confirming activation of the Nrf2 system. Single or repeated administration of sulforaphane had no effect on the infarct volume, nor did it reduce the number of activated glial cells or proliferating cells when analyzed 24 and 72 h after stroke. Motor-function as assessed by beam-walking, cylinder-test, and adhesive test, did not improve after sulforaphane treatment. The results show that sulforaphane treatment initiated after photothrombosis-induced permanent cerebral ischemia does not interfere with key cellular mechanisms underlying tissue damage.
TMPRSS4 induces invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through upregulation of integrin  5 and its signaling pathways (2010)

TMPRSS4 is a novel type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed on the cell surface in pancreatic, thyroid and other cancer tissues, although its oncogenic significance and molecular mechanisms are unknown. Previously, we have shown that TMPRSS4 promotes invasion, migration and metastasis of human tumor cells by facilitating an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we explored the molecular basis underlying TMPRSS4-mediated effects. We show that multiple downstream signaling pathways, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, Src and Rac1, are activated by TMPRSS4 expression and that FAK signaling and ERK activation are required for TMPRSS4-induced invasiveness and EMT, including cadherin switch. Inhibition of PI3K or Src reduced invasiveness and actin rearrangement mediated by TMPRSS4 without restoring E-cadherin expression. Downregulation of E-cadherin was required for TMPRSS4-mediated effects but was not sufficient to induce EMT and invasion. TMPRSS4 induced integrin alpha5 expression and its signal transduction, leading to invasiveness and EMT accompanied by downregulation of E-cadherin. Functional blocking confirmed that integrin alpha5beta1 is a critical signaling molecule that is sufficient to induce TMPRSS4-mediated effects. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TMPRSS4 expression was significantly higher in human colorectal cancer tissues from advanced stages than in that of early stage. Furthermore, upregulation of TMPRSS4 was correlated with enhanced integrin alpha5 expression. These observations implicate integrin alpha5 upregulation as a molecular mechanism by which TMPRSS4 induces invasion and contributes to cancer progression.
Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia: a physician's guide to using the recommendations. (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence based consensus statements on which to build clinical practice guidelines for primary care physicians toward the recognition, assessment and management of dementing disorders and to disseminate and evaluate the impact of these statements and guidelines built on these statements. OPTIONS: Structured approach to assessment, including recommended laboratory tests, choices for neuroimaging and referral, management of complications (especially behavioural problems and depression) and use of cognitive enhancing agents. POTENTIAL OUTCOMES: Consistent and improved clinical care of persons with dementia; cost containment by more selective use of laboratory investigations; neuroimaging and referrals; and appropriate use of cognitive enhancing agents. EVIDENCE: Authors of each background paper were entrusted to perform a literature search, discover additional relevant material, including references cited in retrieved articles, consult with other experts in the field and then synthesize information. Standard rules of evidence were applied. Based on this evidence, consensus statements were developed by a group of experts, guided by a steering committee of 8 individuals, from the areas of Neurology, Geriatric Medicine, Psychiatry, Family Medicine, Preventive Health Care and Health Care Systems. VALUES: Recommendations have been developed with particular attention to the context of primary care, and are intended to support family physicians in their ongoing assessment and care of patients with dementia. BENEFITS HARM AND COSTS: Potential for improved clinical care of people with dementia. A dissemination and evaluation strategy will attempt to measure the impact of the recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS: Forty-eight recommendations are offered that address the following aspects of dementia care: early recognition; importance of careful history and examination in making a positive diagnosis; essential laboratory tests; rules for neuroimaging and referral; disclosure of diagnosis; importance of monitoring and providing support to caregivers; cultural aspects; detection and treatment of depression; observation and management of behavioural disturbances; detection and reporting of unsafe motor vehicle driving; genetic factors and opportunities for preventing dementia; pharmacological treatment with particular emphasis on cognitive enhancing agents. VALIDATION: Four other sets of consensus statement or guidelines have been published recently. These recommendations are generally congruent with our own consensus statements. The consensus statements have been endorsed by relevant bodies in Canada. control/*therapy
A physical cell identity self-organization algorithm in LTE-advanced systems (2012)

Self-configuration of radio parameters is one of the key features in long term revolution advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems. Physical cell identity (PCI) is cell identifier on the physical layer which can be used to create synchronization signals, including Primary Synchronization Signals (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signals (SSS). PCI planning is one of the most important parts of self-configuration because of its significant role in cell search. This paper aims to propose a PCI allocation algorithm based on graph theory. The algorithm works by utilizing Floyd algorithm to obtain cellular hops and calculating the weight of each cell, and forming cell clusters according to PCI allocation results. Finally, a simulation is demonstrated to evaluate the performance of the PCI allocation algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can achieve a tradeoff between decreasing interference and increasing PCI reuse.
Urate-Lowering Therapy for the Management of Gout: A Summary of 2 Cochrane Reviews (2014)

There is currently moderate quality data supporting the efficacy and safety of allopurinol, febuxostat, benzbromarone, and probenecid in gout. Pegloticase, while efficacious, is associated with more withdrawals due to adverse events and infusion reactions. There is insufficient evidence currently with respect to the cost-effectiveness or the most optimal sequencing of urate-lowering therapy.
Biocompatibility of Two Novel Dermal Fillers: Histological Evaluation of Implants of a Hyaluronic Acid Filler and a Polyacrylamide Filler (2006)

This study reveals that two soft-tissue fillers considered to be biocompatible induce very different tissue reactions. This indicates that their behavior in clinical practice is likely to be different.
Geometric factor for Hall mobility characterization using the van der Pauw dual configuration (1993)

A geometric factor applicable to a wide range of device geometries of the van der Pauw dual configuration is presented. Such a configuration allows a direct retrieval of the Hall mobility in a single measurement of the magnetic-field-induced imbalance in output current. In view of scaling considerations, the geometric factor is characterized simply in terms of device aspect ratio (L/W) and relative electrode separation (d/W). The geometric factor, which is based on numerical computations, overcomes the limitations inherent in the existing form that has been analytically obtained for an infinitesimally small electrode separation. Hence, it is now possible to design practical device geometries which readily lend themselves to in situ measurement and characterization of the material or process in question, without being constrained by photolithography limitations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Point of care optical device for sepsis diagnosis (2009)

The discrimination of viral and bacterial sepsis is an important issue in intensive care patients. For this purpose, the simultaneous measurements of different analytes are necessary. Among the possible candidates, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are probably the most important ones. A novel optical platform was designed and realised for the implementation of fluorescence-based immunoassays. The core of the optical platform is a plastic biochip, constituted by 13 microchannels (50 μm high, 600 μm width, 10 mm long) through which the sample flows. The sensing layer, where the immunochemical reaction takes place, is located on the upper part of each microchannel. The chip is interrogated with a novel optoelectronic platform, based on fluorescence anisotropy. A line-shaped beam from a 635-nm laser-diode excites perpendicularly the sensing layer and great many of the emitted remains entrapped inside the chip. The particular shape of the top of the chip allows to guide the emitted fluorescence along the same direction of the microchannel. The fluorescence which comes out on the lateral side from the chip is collected by a single plastic optical fibre and sent to an amplified photodiode. The device was characterised by the implementation of the sandwich assay for CRP and PCT spiked in serum. Limit of quantifications of 4.5 and of 6 μg L<sup>-1</sup> in serum solution were achieved for CRP and PCT, respectively.
Heme Mediates Cytotoxicity from Artemisinin and Serves as a General Anti-Proliferation Target (2009)

Heme (Fe2+ protoporphyrin IX) is an essential molecule that has been implicated the potent antimalarial action of artemisinin and its derivatives, although the source and nature of the heme remain controversial. Artemisinins also exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that intracellular heme is the physiologically relevant mediator of the cytotoxic effects of artemisinins. Increasing intracellular heme synthesis through the addition of aminolevulinic acid, protoporphyrin IX, or transferrin-bound iron increased the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin, while decreasing heme synthesis through the addition of succinyl acetone decreased its cytotoxic activity. A simple and robust high throughput assay was developed to screen chemical compounds that were capable of interacting with heme. A natural products library was screened which identified the compound coralyne, in addition to artemisinin, as a heme interacting compound with heme synthesis dependent cytotoxic activity. These results indicate that cellular heme may serve a general target for the development of both anti-parasitic and anti-cancer therapeutics.
The effects of reactive precleaning (RPC+) on the formation of titanium silicide by PECVD TiCl/sub 4/-Ti deposition, and its thermal stability (2001)

We have performed the defect characterization of Reactive Precleaning (RPC+), an in-Situ precleaning prior to PECVD TiCl/sub 4/-Ti deposition, compared its cleaning efficiency with HF wet cleaning, and evaluated thermal stability of the silicide. RPC+ was found to be a defect free cleaning process, and TiCl/sub 4/-Ti deposition with in-Situ RPC+ results in thicker silicide on the undoped, n/sup +/, and p/sup +/-Si substrate due to the interface cleanliness. It was observed by TEM and XRD that the Ti-silicide with RPC+ has highly textured C49 phase. Finally, RPC+ improves the thermal stability of the silicide.
APOBEC3G-Depleted Resting CD4+ T Cells Remain Refractory to HIV1 Infection (2009)

We conclude that A3G is unlikely to play a role in the HIV restrictive phenotype of quiescent T lymphocytes.
Automated production of personalized video content for visitors of thematic parks (2006)

The proposed platform aims to develop an intelligent cross-media platform for personalised leisure and entertainment in thematic parks or venues. The system we develop allows the visitor to be the real protagonist in the venue. The platform caters for a great variety of media needs of the visitors: from recording their visit to provide a high-quality, customised souvenir, to embedding personalised electronic content into their activities in real time. The platform incorporates new and innovative solutions that cover and improve digital content acquisition and creation, management and processing, access, retrieval, manipulation and delivery of digital content. The platform is equipped with innovative imaging technologies for real time detection, localisation and tracking of "human content", i.e., the human visitor within the recoding being made in real-time by the system. No constraints are imposed on the variation of the environment. (9 pages)