gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> small intestinal epithelial cell growth on a nanocomposite polycaprolactone scaffold (2009)

Tissue engineering of the small intestine remains experimental despite worldwide attempts to develop a functional substitute for short bowel syndrome. Most published studies have reported predominant use of PLLA (poly-L-lactide acid)/PGA (polyglycolic acid) copolymer as the scaffold material, and studies have been limited by in vivo experiments. This lack of progress has inspired a fresh perspective and provoked further investigation and development in this field of tissue engineering. In the present paper, we exploit a relatively new nanocomposite of POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) and PCL [poly(caprolactone-urea)urethane] as a material to develop porous scaffolds using a solvent casting/particulate leaching technique to fabricate porous scaffolds in different pore sizes and porosities. Scaffolds were characterized for pore morphology and porosity using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. Rat intestinal epithelial cells were then seeded on to the polymer scaffolds for an in vitro study of cell compatibility and proliferation, which was assessed by Alamar Blue and lactate dehydrogenase assays performed for 21 days post-seeding. The results obtained demonstrate that POSS-PCL nanocomposite was produced as a macroporous scaffold with porosity over the range of 40-80% and pore size over the range of 150-250 microm. This scaffold was shown to support epithelial cell proliferation and growth. In conclusion, as a further step in investigating small intestinal tissue engineering, the nanocomposite employed in this study may prove to be a useful alternative to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in the future.
Electrospun Solid Dispersions of Maraviroc for Rapid Intravaginal Preexposure Prophylaxis of HIV (2014)

The development of topical anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides may provide women with strategies to protect themselves against sexual HIV transmission. Pericoital drug delivery systems intended for use immediately before sex, such as microbicide gels, must deliver high drug doses for maximal effectiveness. The goal of achieving a high antiretroviral dose is complicated by the need to simultaneously retain the dose and quickly release drug compounds into the tissue. For drugs with limited solubility in vaginal gels, increasing the gel volume to increase the dose can result in leakage. While solid dosage forms like films and tablets increase retention, they often require more than 15 min to fully dissolve, potentially increasing the risk of inducing epithelial abrasions during sex. Here, we demonstrate that water-soluble electrospun fibers, with their high surface area-to-volume ratio and ability to disperse antiretrovirals, can serve as an alternative solid dosage form for microbicides requiring both high drug loading and rapid hydration. We formulated maraviroc at up to 28 wt% into electrospun solid dispersions made from either polyvinylpyrrolidone or poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers or microfibers and investigated the role of drug loading, distribution, and crystallinity in determining drug release rates into aqueous media. We show here that water-soluble electrospun materials can rapidly release maraviroc upon contact with moisture and that drug delivery is faster (less than 6 min under sink conditions) when maraviroc is electrospun in polyvinylpyrrolidone fibers containing an excipient wetting agent. These materials offer an alternative dosage form to current pericoital microbicides.
Glasses as Nonlinear Photonic Materials (1989)

The success of photonic switching depends on the development of the materials and devices that are capable of processing light signals without converting them to electronic forms. Glasses are promising materials for these all‐optical devices because of their fast‐responding nonlinearities and low absorption. The aim of this paper is to apprise the ceramic community of the development of nonlinear optics research. The relative merits and trade‐offs of glasses as nonlinear photonic material are discussed.
Comparison Between Anode‐Supported and Electrolyte‐Supported Ni‐CGO‐LSCF Micro‐tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2014)

Abstract Two types of micro‐tubular hollow fiber SOFCs (MT‐HF‐SOFCs) were prepared using phase inversion and sintering; electrolyte‐supported, based on highly asymmetric Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 (CGO) HFs and anode‐supported based on co‐extruded NiO‐CGO(CGO)/CGO HFs. Electroless plating was used to deposit Ni onto the inner surfaces of the electrolyte‐supported MT‐HF‐SOFCs to form Ni‐CGO anodes. LSCF‐CGO cathodes were deposited on the outer surface of both these MT‐HF‐SOFCs before their electrochemical performances were compared at similar operating conditions. The performance of the anode‐supported MT‐HF‐SOFCs which delivered ca. 480 mW cm –2 at 600 °C was superior to the electrolyte‐supported MT‐HF‐SOFCs which delivered ca. six times lower power. The contribution of ohmic and electrode polarization losses of both FCs was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrolyte‐supported MT‐HF‐SOFCs had significantly higher ohmic and electrode polarization ASR values; this has been attributed to the thicker electrolyte and the difficulties associated with forming quality anodes inside the small (<1 mm) lumen of the electrolyte tubes. Further development on co‐extruded anode‐supported MT‐HF‐SOFCs led to the fabrication of a thinner electrolyte layer and improved electrode microstructures which delivered a world leading 2,400 mW cm –2 . The newly made cell was investigated at different H 2 flow rates and the effect of fuel utilization on current densities was analyzed.
High performance and large area flip-chip bonded AlGaN/GaN MODFETs (2002)

Using flip-chip bonding for thermal management, we improve the performance of AlGaN/GaN MODFETs grown on sapphire substrates. Current density and transconductance increase from 1.1 A/mm and 200 mS/mm to 1.6 A/mm and 280 mS/mm due to improved thermal resistance. We have also made wide gate (1 mm and 2 mm) MODFETs for the first time using this approach. DC and RF device results are presented.
Facile Addition of Poorly Nucleophilic Alcohols to Unactivated Alkenes (1997)

Electronegative substituted (polyfluorinated and polynitroaliphatic), poorly nucleophilic alcohols are efficiently added to model alkenes norbornene, cyclohexene, hex-1-ene, and hex-3-ene under mild conditions by the use of boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex catalyst, forming the corresponding ethers.
Polyurethane/clay and polyurethane/POSS nanocomposites as flame retarded coating for polyester and cotton fabrics (2002)

Abstract Polyurethane resins (PU) are widely used as coatings for textile fabrics in order to improve some properties (for example mechanical behaviour, water repellency and air impermeability). Two kinds of additives have been added to the polyurethane in order to provide flame retardancy to the coated textile structure: montmorillonite clay and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have been used to process PU nanocomposites. The paper presents some results obtained with PU/clay and PU/POSS coated polyester or cotton fabrics, using cone calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The efficiency of the additive chosen is clearly demonstrated and discussed. In particular, the great potential of using POSS for fire retardant applications is highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation of a pyrazolenine epoxide to an unstable oxabicyclobutane (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFragmentation of a pyrazolenine epoxide to an unstable oxabicyclobutaneLouis E. Friedrich, Nedie L. De Vera, and Yuk-sun Patrick LamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1, 34–38Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00395a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00395a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Allosteric Coagonist Model for Propofol Effects on α1β2γ2L γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors (2011)

Our results support the hypothesis that propofol, like etomidate, acts at GABA(A) receptor sites mediating both GABA modulation and direct activation.
Analysis of rice panicle traits and detection of QTLs using an image analyzing method (2010)

Controlling the grain number in rice panicles is essential for increasing the yield potential. Because this trait depends on some complicated panicle branching structures, we prepared a newly developed software, PASTAR (PAnicle STructure Analyzer for Rice) and PASTA Viewer, to automatically extract values of the length and number of various branches and grain number from scanned photographic images of panicles. Furthermore, PASTA Viewer could draw panicle branching patterns based on actually measured values. Using this image analyzing method, we analyzed some extra numerous grain rice cultivars and performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for 18 panicle traits in the F2 segregated population derived from a cross between a japonica rice cultivar, Koshihikari, and an extra numerous grain cultivar, NP-6, classified as a “New Plant Type”. The results revealed that QTLs enhanced by NP-6 alleles for some panicle traits were concentrated on a few regions of chromosomes 1, 6 and 8, although some single QTLs were also detected in various chromosomal regions. This suggests that the NP-6 panicle and extra numerous grain traits are predominantly controlled by a few gene loci acting pleiotropically, along with some partially effective panicle structure genes.
THE ACTION OF UREASE IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF UREA (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF UREASE IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF UREAEdward Mack and Donald S. VillarsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 2, 505–510Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01655a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01655a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteolytic Activation and Inactivation of the Serine Protease Activity of Plasma Hyaluronan Binding Protein. (2001)

We prepared anti-plasma hyaluronan binding protein (PHBP) mouse monoclonal antibodies and studied the fragmentation profile of PHBP with them. PHBP is present in human plasma as a single polypeptide chain (70 kDa). During the purification, PHBP partially fragmentated into the 50-kDa N-terminal fragment and the 27-kDa C-terminal fragment. After the incubation of the purified PHBP, the 70-kDa precursor form was completely cleaved to the 50- and 27-kDa fragments, followed by the 50-kDa to the 26-kDa, and the 27-kDa to the 17-kDa plus the 8-kDa fragments, respectively. Because the purified PHBP contained no other detectable proteins and PHBP has a typical serine protease domain, we concluded that the fragmentation of PHBP was caused by own serine protease activity. PHBP cleaved the C-terminal side of Arg in the peptide effectively and that of Lys weakly. The results of the pre-incubation experiments of PHBP suggested that the single-chain form of PHBP is a precursor, the two-subunit structure is an active form and the three- or four-chain structure is an inactive form of a serine protease.
Highly-Integrated Quad-Channel Transimpedance Amplifier for Next Generation Coherent Optical Receiver (2016)

This paper presents a highly integrated, high performance four channel linear transimpedance amplifier (TIA) RFIC with a footprint of 2mmx3.5mm towards next generation 100G/400G miniaturized coherent receivers. A TIA of such form may become indispensable as the size, complexity and cost of receivers continue to reduce. The design has been realized in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS process for a low cost, high performance solution towards long- haul/metro applications. The TIA is capable of providing control functions either digitally through an on-chip 4-wire serial-peripheral interface (SPI) or in analog mode. Analog mode is provided as an alternative control for real-time control and monitoring. To provide high input dynamic range, a variable gain control block is integrated for each channel, which can be used in automatic or manual mode. The TIA has a differential input, differential output configuration that exhibits state-of-the-art THD of <;0.9% up to 500mVpp output voltage swing for input currents up to 2mApp and high isolation > 40dB between adjacent channels. A high transimpedance gain (Zt) up to ~7KΩ with a large dynamic range up to 37dB and variable bandwidth up to 34GHz together with low average input noise density of 20pA/√Hz has been achieved. To the authors' knowledge, these metrics combined with diverse functionality and high integration have not been exhibited so far. This paper intends to report a state-of-the-art high-baud rate TIA and provide insight into possibilities for further integration.
Modelling Context for Autonomic Networking (2008)

This paper describes a new version of the DEN-ng context model, and how this model in conjunction with the DEN-ng policy model can be used for more effective and flexible context management for autonomic networking. Both are part of the FOCALE autonomic network architecture. Context selects policies, which select roles that can be used, which in turn define allowed functionality for that particular context. A brief description of applications of this model for the FP7 Autonomic Internet project are described.
Ultrafast magnetization switching in nanoscale magnetic dots (2019)

Ultrafast magnetization switching at picosecond and sub-picosecond time scales has tremendous technological potential but still poses numerous questions regarding the underlying quantum mechanical phenomena, including the roles of and interactions between the electrons, spins, and phonons (lattice). At the nanometer-scale dimensions relevant for modern applications, these phenomena become increasingly more pronounced. Until now, helicity-independent all-optical switching (HI-AOS) has been largely limited to amorphous Gd-Fe-Co alloys, for which scaling was challenging due to their relatively low anisotropies. In this work, we demonstrate HI-AOS in amorphous GdCo and scale it to nanometer dimensions while still maintaining uniform out-of-plane magnetization. Single shot HI-AOS is demonstrated in these patterned samples down to a minimum optically detectable magnetic dot size of 200 nm. The ultrafast switching behavior was also confirmed using time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements and found to settle to its opposite magnetization state at faster rates for smaller dot diameters, passing a threshold of 75% magnetization reversal within approximately 2 ps for a 200 nm dot compared to approximately 40 ps for a 15 μm pattern. The size dependence of the ultrafast switching is explained in terms of the electron-phonon and spin-lattice interactions.
Azofarbstoffe durch oxydative Kupplung, XXIV. Tetraaza‐pentamethinfarbstoffe (1963)

Abstract Es werden Synthese und optische Eigenschaften der folgenden Farbstoffe beschrieben: a) Tetraaza‐pentamethincyanine mit unterschiedlichem meso ‐Substituenten und verschiedenen Heterocyclen, b) analoge Verbindungen mit nur einer oder keiner heterocyclischen N ‐Alkylgruppe, c) Kupplungsprodukte aus 1‐Aryl‐Δ 2 ‐pyrazolinen.
Transmission pathways and mediators as the basis for clinical pharmacology of pain (2016)

Mediators in pain transmission are the targets of a multitude of different analgesic pharmaceuticals. This review explores the most significant mediators of pain transmission as well as the pharmaceuticals that act on them. Areas covered: The review explores many of the key mediators of pain transmission. In doing so, this review uncovers important areas for further research. It also highlights agents with potential for producing novel analgesics, probes important interactions between pain transmission pathways that could contribute to synergistic analgesia, and emphasizes transmission factors that participate in transforming acute injury into chronic pain. Expert commentary: This review examines current pain research, particularly in the context of identifying novel analgesics, highlighting interactions between analgesic transmission pathways, and discussing factors that may contribute to the development of chronic pain after an acute injury.
Learning to Rewrite Queries (2016)

It is widely known that there exists a semantic gap between web documents and user queries and bridging this gap is crucial to advance information retrieval systems. The task of query rewriting, aiming to alter a given query to a rewrite query that can close the gap and improve information retrieval performance, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the majority of existing query rewriters are not designed to boost search performance and consequently their rewrite queries could be sub-optimal. In this paper, we propose a learning to rewrite framework that consists of a candidate generating phase and a candidate ranking phase. The candidate generating phase provides us the flexibility to reuse most of existing query rewriters; while the candidate ranking phase allows us to explicitly optimize search relevance. Experimental results on a commercial search engine demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Further experiments are conducted to understand the important components of the proposed framework.
Rosin Derivatives in Paint Products (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRosin Derivatives in Paint ProductsJohn McE. SandersonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 7, 711–715Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50295a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (921 KB) Get e-Alerts
Association of the IRF5 risk haplotype with high serum interferon‐α activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (2008)

The IRF5 SLE risk haplotype is associated with higher serum IFNalpha activity in SLE patients, and this effect is most prominent in patients positive for either anti-RBP or anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. This study demonstrates the biologic relevance of the SLE risk haplotype of IRF5 at the protein level.
Combined Administration of a Mutant TGF-β1/Fc and Rapamycin Promotes Induction of Regulatory T Cells and Islet Allograft Tolerance (2010)

The critical roles of TGF-β in the reciprocal differentiation of tolerance-promoting CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and proinflammatory Th17 effector cells affect alloimmune reactivity and transplant outcome. We reasoned that a strategy to harness TGF-β and block proinflammatory cytokines would inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells and strengthen the cadre of Tregs to promote tolerance induction and long-term allograft survival. In this study, we report the development of a long-lasting autoactive human mutant TGF-β1/Fc fusion protein that acts in conjunction with rapamycin to inhibit T cell proliferation and induce the de novo generation of Foxp3(+) Treg in the periphery, while at the same time inhibiting IL-6-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Short-term combined treatment with TGF-β1/Fc and rapamycin achieved long-term pancreatic islet allograft survival and donor-specific tolerance in a mouse model. This effect was accompanied by expansion of Foxp3(+) Tregs, enhanced alloantigen-specific Treg function, and modulation of transcript levels of Foxp3, IL-6, and IL-17. Our strategy of combined TGF-β1/Fc and rapamycin to target the IL-6-related Tregs and Th17 signaling pathways provides a promising approach for inducing transplant tolerance and its clinical application.