gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogene Therapy for Murine Melanoma Using Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Melanoma-Associated Antigens (2000)

Adenoviral vectors expressing tumor-associated antigens can be used to evoke a specific immune response and inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we tested the efficacy of adenoviral vectors encoding human gp100 (Ad2/hugp100), murine gp100 (Ad2/mugp100), or murine TRP-2 (Ad2/muTRP-2) for their ability to elicit a specific cellular immune response and inhibit the growth of B16 melanoma tumor cells in the mouse. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Ad2/hugp100, Ad2/mugp100, or Ad2/muTRP-2 either 2 weeks prior to B16-F10 tumor challenge (prophylactic treatment) or 3 days after tumor challenge (active treatment). Ad2/hugp100 and Ad2/muTRP-2 administered to two or more intradermal (i.d.) sites inhibited subsequent subcutaneous tumor growth in > or = 80% of the mice and elicited an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, whereas other administration routes were not as effective. Ad2/mugp100 administered to two i.d. sites did not inhibit tumor growth or provoke cellular immunity. Immunization was less effective with active treatment where tumor growth was not significantly inhibited by a single dose of either Ad2/muTRP-2 or Ad2/hugp100. However, increasing the number of intradermal immunization sites and the number of doses resulted in progressive improvements in protection from tumor growth in the active treatment model. In conclusion, breaking host tolerance to elicit protective immunity by using adenoviral vectors expressing melanoma-associated antigens is dependent upon the choice of antigen, the site of administration, and the number of doses. These observations provide insights into the clinical applicability of adenoviral vaccines for immunotherapy of malignant diseases.
Meetings in a virtual space: creating a digital document (2002)

Improvements in computer network infrastructures and information utilities have led to an increase in the number of social and work interactions carried out 'virtually' by geographically separated group members. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of a prototype system that supports synchronous and asynchronous collaboration between researchers separated by space and time. The system provides non-collocated team members with a digital virtual space for information sharing and discussion. For synchronous interactions, our design prioritizes the provision of shared context, real-time discourse, and real-time problem-solving and negotiation between the team members. In the case of asynchronous interactions, we have prioritized the capture of team decision-making and negotiation processes and the representation of these processes in a context-rich, hypertextual document of team problem-solving and negotiation.
High‐resolution gradient‐recalled echo imaging at 9.4T using 16‐channel parallel transmit simultaneous multislice spokes excitations with slice‐by‐slice flip angle homogenization (2016)

Time-efficient flip angle homogenized high-resolution GRE imaging at 9.4T was accomplished by using slice-specific SMS-pTx spokes excitations. Magn Reson Med 78:1050-1058, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Factors Predicting Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Severity (2005)

Background: A plethora of clinical experience exists defining the factors associated with differences in severity of childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. These clinical severity factors reveal a wealth of information about the pathogenesis of this disease. Reviewing and interpreting the clinical risk factors to gain an insight into RSV pathogenesis is important, especially considering the relative lack of parallel between many animal models of RSV infection and observed human disease. Methods: Existing and unpublished data on severity risk factors are reviewed and placed into a working pathogenesis model. Results: Important factors discussed are: (1) the critical role of the timing of the infection; (2) its rapidity of progression to involve the lower respiratory tract; (3) factors limiting this spread; (4) the nature of the pathogenic immune response; and (5) the host genetic and other factors that alter this immune response. Conclusions: Pending new data involving these and other processes will more fully illuminate the spectrum of childhood RSV disease.
An Effective Method for Complete Visual Coverage Path Planning (2010)

This paper addresses the complete visual coverage path planning problem in raster terrain and presents an effective solution with hierarchy based on multiple observers siting and an evolutionary path planning algorithm. The main idea of the method is to get a nearly optimal complete visual coverage path by connecting all of the observers in the visual coverage set. Firstly a new deterministic algorithm for a quasi minimal number set of observers is presented, which is superior to the general greedy algorithm in the time complexity and the quality of solutions. On the basis of that we further present a hierarchy path planning method whose core is an evolutionary algorithm. The advantage of the proposed method is that it realizes really complete visual coverage with a comparatively optimal path and easy to extend to the version of multiple paths.
Synthesis and DNA Interactions of Benzimidazole Dications Which Have Activity against Opportunistic Infections (1996)

Considerable evidence now indicates that DNA is the receptor site for dicationic benzimidazole anti-opportunistic infections agents (Bell, C.A.; Dykstra, C.C.; Naiman N.A.I.; Cory, M.; Fairley, T.A.; Tidwell, R.R. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993, 37, 2668-2673. Tidwell R.R.; Jones, S.K.; Naiman, N.A.; Berger, I.C.; Brake, W.R.; Dykstra, C.C.; Hall, J.E. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993, 37, 1713-1716). To obtain additional information on benzimidazole-receptor complexes, the syntheses and DNA interactions of series of symmetric benzimidazole cations, linked by alkyl or alkenyl groups, have been evaluated. Biophysical techniques, thermal denaturation measurement (deltaTm), kinetics, and circular dichroism (CD) have been used in conjunction with NMR and molecular modeling to evaluate the affinities, binding mode, and structure of complexes formed between these compounds and DNA. All the compounds bind strongly to DNA samples with four or more consecutive AT base pairs, and they bind negligibly to GC rich DNA or to RNA. Spectral and kinetics characteristics of the benzimidazole complexes indicate that the compounds bind in the DNA minor groove at AT sequences. NMR and molecular modeling of the complex formed between an ethylene-linked benzimidazole derivative, 5, and the self-complementary oligomer d(GCGAATTCGC) have been used to establish structural details for the minor groove complex. These results have been used as a starting point for molecular mechanics calculations to refine the model of the minor groove-benzimidazole complex and to draw conclusions regarding the molecular basis for the effects of substituent changes on benzimidazole-DNA affinities.
Peptide Separation by Two-dimensional Chromatography and Electrophoresis (1959)

The separation of peptides from controlled proteolytic digests by two-dimensional paper chromatography and electrophoresis is finding wide application to studies of protein structure. With this method it is possible to compare digestion mixtures from different proteins and to detect differences as slight as the replacement of a single amino acid. Such differences are of importance in the comparison of homologous proteins from different animal and plant species, and in the study of genetically determined changes in protein structure, such as those resulting from a single gene mutation.
Fermentation alters antioxidant capacity and polyphenol distribution in selected edible legumes (2016)

Summary This study was designed to investigate the influences of fermentation by naturally occurring bacteria on legumes and lactic acid bacteria on antioxidant capacity and polyphenols in both soluble and bound extracts of eight common edible legumes, including black cow gram, mottled cowpea, speckled kidney bean, lentil, small rice bean, small runner bean and two soya beans. Fermentation had varying effects on the antioxidant capacity of soluble and bound extracts in different edible legumes, with fermented mottled cowpea, speckled kidney bean and small rice bean showing increased total antioxidant capacity. In addition, fermentation in general enhanced total phenolic content in all the selected legumes, which could be associated with the biotransformation between soluble phenolics and the release of bound phenolics induced by micro‐organisms involved in the fermentation process. Phenolic compounds, such as catechin, were increased in fermented mottled cowpea. Overall, fermentation could increase the bioavailability of legume polyphenols and fermented legume powders rich in antioxidant polyphenols can be used to develop novel functional foods.
The Influence of RAFT on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Photopolymerized Poly(butyl acrylate) Networks (2013)

Statistical networks of butyl acrylate and 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate are photopolymerized in bulk, both in the presence and absence of the RAFT agent EPHT. The amounts of crosslinker and RAFT agent are varied. The Young's moduli of the RAFT networks are always lower than those of conventionally obtained networks. With increasing amounts of RAFT agent, the Young's modulus decreases and the strain at break values increase, respectively. The network density, the apparent molar mass of the network chains and the swelling show significant differences between RAFT‐ and conventionally obtained networks. The degree of swelling and the amount of extractable polymer increase largely with the amount of RAFT agent. Kinetic DSC measurements show that the gel point is delayed with increasing amounts of RAFT agent. In addition, a rate retardation effect with increasing RAFT agent concentration is observed. image
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2005)

to the editor: Recent studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cells are mobilized within a few hours after acute myocardial infarction, and the level of these cells in peripheral blood remains elevated for up to several days or weeks in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as compared with patients with stable angina and healthy control subjects.1,2 Among 507 participants in the study by Werner et al. (Sept. 8 issue)3 who had coronary artery disease on angiography, a history of acute, subacute, or myocardial infarction was present in 3.4 percent, 8.5 percent, and 32.1 percent, respectively. The level of endothelial progenitor cells in these patients was elevated to various degrees as a result of previous myocardial infarction. Therefore, categorizing patients according to the level of endothelial progenitor cells without considering the history of myocardial infarction may have caused a misclassification in this study. It is possible that patients who had recently had a myocardial infarction (and therefore were at higher risk for future infarction and death) were wrongly assigned to the group of patients with a medium level or high level of endothelial progenitor cells among those who had never had a myocardial infarction. This potential misclassification may explain the lack of the association between the level of endothelial progenitor cells and the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from all causes or acute myocardial infarction.
<title>Signal Processing With A Nonlinear Fabry-Perot</title> (1981)

In this paper we consider the nonlinear Fabry-Perot and its applications to optical signal and image processing. This paper addresses the signal processing aspects of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer with emphasis on image processing. The device geometry is shown in Figure 1. A thin nonlinear medium, whose refractive index is a function of the light intensity inside the Fabry-Perot is sandwiched between two plane parallel mirrors. The output as a function of input is shown in Fig. 2, for two different values of the difference between the Fabry-Perot low intensity resonance and the incident wavelength. The bistable curve in 2a is the origin of the term optical bistability and makes possible an optical memory, in which the output is a function of the history of the device. The Figure 2b represents a typical nonlinear transfer curve which may be used for signal processing. It can be seen that small changes in the input intensity I<sub>c</sub> make large changes in the output intensity.
On the problem of dimensionality and sample size in multi-stage pattern classifiers (2005)

In practical pattern recognition problems, the underlying probability distributions are not known a priori, but have to be estimated using finite number of labelled samples. It is well known that under such situations the Bayes classifier has a degrading performance when the number of features exceeds an optimal value. In this paper we study the possibility of using different classification procedures which use a subset of the available features at a step in an effort to circumvent the dimensionality problem. The classification schemes studied are the majority decision scheme and the decision tree classifier for normal populations.
Effects of Cyclo-His-Pro-enriched yeast hydrolysate on blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic<i>ob/ob</i>mice (2016)

YH could potentially be used as a treatment option for diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The CHP-enriched YH may be a promising strategy in the development of hypoglycemic peptide nutraceuticals.
Committee exists to monitor agreements on tobacco advertising (1996)

high; the standard mortality ratio was 1-42, which is much lower than that in recently published community based studies (one British,2 one American3) and similar to that in hospital based series after six years' treatment with levodopa.4Olanow and colleagues also state that the dose of levodopa was fixed in arm 2 and not adjusted to clinical need; if they read our paper's patients and methods section they will see that the dose in both arms of the trial was regulated to obtain optimum improvement.Mark T Silva and colleagues comment on the causes of death listed in table 3. Inaccuracy of death certificates is well recognised and presents particular problems in elderly people.All entries on the death certificates were coded from the
Rapid induction of IgM-secreting murine plasmacytomas by pristane and an immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter/enhancer-driven c-myc/v-Ha-ras retrovirus. (1988)

A retroviral vector, RIM, containing murine c-myc under the control of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene promoter and enhancer elements and v-Ha-ras driven by a Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat induced IgM-secreting plasmacytomas in 28% of adult and 83% of 3-week-old pristane-conditioned mice with mean latency periods of 60-70 days. In contrast, the same vector only harboring c-myc or v-Ha-ras was virtually ineffective. RIM-induced plasmacytomas expressed retroviral myc and ras genes while their endogenous c-myc alleles were unrearranged and transcriptionally inactive. These plasmacytomas were clonal as each possessed a unique immunoglobulin heavy-chain joining region rearrangement and a single recombinant provirus. Moloney murine leukemia helper virus did not play an obligatory role in tumorigenesis since insertions of Moloney murine leukemia proviruses were found in only 6 of 24 plasmacytomas induced in adult mice. Taken together, these findings support the view that the v-Ha-ras oncogene can cooperate with an activated myc gene in pristane plasmacytomagenesis.
Block-Processing Soft-Input Soft-Output Demodulator for Coded PSK Using DCT-Based Phase Noise Estimation (2014)

This paper considers the detection of coded phaseshift keying signals subjected to additive white Gaussian noise and oscillator phase noise. We propose a detector that partitions the received frame into smaller blocks and models the unknown phasor variations over each block as a truncated discrete cosine transform (DCT) expansion. Detection and decoding are iteratively performed between a soft-input soft-output (SISO) demodulator, a SISO demapper, and a SISO decoder based on the sum-product algorithm and the factor graph framework, whereas the expectation-maximization algorithm is used in the demodulator for the DCT coefficients estimation. The resulting demodulator is shown to have an excellent performance/complexity tradeoff and to be well-suited for parallel processing on multiple cores.
Transformation between different levels of workload characterization for capacity planning: fundamentals and case study (1987)

Queueing network models are effective tools for capacity planning of computer systems. The base of all performance oriented questions is the characterization of the computer system workload. At the capacity planning level the workload is described in user-oriented terms. At the system level the queueing network model requires input parameters, which differ from the workload description at the capacity planning level. In this paper a general procedure to transform the parameters between these two levels is presented and applied to a case study. The effect on system performance of an increase in the use of an existing application system is analysed.
Digital Versus Optical Techniques In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data Processing (1980)

The principle of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation is reviewed in preparation for a discussion of both optical and digital processing techniques. The tilted-plane optical processing approach is presented as being representative of optical techniques. Since the newer digital approaches can take several forms, three classes of digital processors are examined: direct convolution, frequency multiplexing, and frequency analysis of dechirped data. A subjective listing of the relative merits for both processing media is presented. Both are found to be technically viable. The final choice will depend primarily upon the application requirements.
Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Protective Coating on Intraocular Lenses (1980)

Sixty-eight intraocular lenses were implanted in cats to compare the efficacy of a new polyvinyl alcohol coating in protecting the corneal endothelium from lens-cell contact damage. The mean endothelial density after implantation of the coated lens was significantly higher than the cell density in those eyes receiving the uncoated lens. We saw no clinical signs of unusual inflammation; whole-eye histopathologic study disclosed no signs of inflammation or toxicity related to the coating. Ten coated lenses were placed in balanced salt solution or perfused with balanced salt solution at 0.5 mL/min. The coating remained intact for 60 minutes, affording corneal endothelial protection for this period. In a rabbit anterior chamber toxicity study, using balanced salt solution as a control, no differencs in reaction in the anterior chamber or intraocular pressure were noted.
MeCP2 Is Critical for Maintaining Mature Neuronal Networks and Global Brain Anatomy during Late Stages of Postnatal Brain Development and in the Mature Adult Brain (2012)

Mutations in the X-linked gene, methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2), underlie a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, most commonly, Rett Syndrome (RTT), a severe autism spectrum disorder that affects approximately one in 10,000 female live births. Because mutations in the Mecp2 gene occur in the germ cells with onset of neurological symptoms occurring in early childhood, the role of MeCP2 has been ascribed to brain maturation at a specific developmental window. Here, we show similar kinetics of onset and progression of RTT-like symptoms in mice, including lethality, if MeCP2 is removed postnatally during the developmental stage that coincides with RTT onset, or adult stage. For the first time, we show that brains that lose MeCP2 at these two different stages are actively shrinking, resulting in higher than normal neuronal cell density. Furthermore, we show that mature dendritic arbors of pyramidal neurons are severely retracted and dendritic spine density is dramatically reduced. In addition, hippocampal astrocytes have significantly less complex ramified processes. These changes accompany a striking reduction in the levels of several synaptic proteins, including CaMKII α/β, AMPA, and NMDA receptors, and the synaptic vesicle proteins Vglut and Synapsin, which represent critical modifiers of synaptic function and dendritic arbor structure. Importantly, the mRNA levels of these synaptic proteins remains unchanged, suggesting that MeCP2 likely regulates these synaptic proteins post-transcriptionally, directly or indirectly. Our data suggest a crucial role for MeCP2 in post-transcriptional regulation of critical synaptic proteins involved in maintaining mature neuronal networks during late stages of postnatal brain development.
Major Trypanosoma cruzi antigenic determinant in Chagas' heart disease shares homology with the systemic lupus erythematosus ribosomal P protein epitope (1990)

A Trypanosoma cruzi lambda gt11 cDNA clone, JL5, expressed a recombinant protein which was found to react predominantly with chronic Chagas' heart disease sera. The cloned 35-residue-long peptide was identified as the carboxyl-terminal portion of a T. cruzi ribosomal P protein. The JL5 13 carboxyl-terminal residues shared a high degree of homology with the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ribosomal P protein epitope. Synthetic peptides comprising the 13 (R-13), 10 (R-10), and 7 (R-7) carboxyl-terminal residues of the JL5 protein were used to study, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the specificity of the Chagas' disease anti-JL5 and SLE anti-P antibodies. The R-13 peptide defined a linear antigenic determinant of the JL5 recombinant protein. As was proved for JL5, R-13 defined antibody specificities which were significantly increased in chronic Chagas' heart disease patients. Only SLE anti-P positive sera were found to react with JL5 and R-13. Fine epitope mapping showed that Chagas' disease anti-JL5 and SLE anti-P antibodies define similar epitopes within the R-13 peptide. The binding of the SLE sera to JL5 was completely blocked by the R-13 peptide, indicating that the shared specificity between anti-JL5 and anti-P autoantibodies was exclusively limited to the conserved linear epitope(s) within the R-13 peptide. The prevalence of high anti-R-13 antibody titers in Chagas' heart disease patients supports the hypothesis that postulates the existence of autoimmune disorders in Chagas' heart disease.
Strategic Design and Fabrication of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2018)

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves. This paper briefly reviews the recent designs and fabrication techniques of NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies associated with versatile design and preparation of NGCs fabricated with either conventional or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been examined and reviewed. The effect of topographic features of the filler material as well as porous structure of NGCs on axonal regeneration has also been examined from the previous studies. While such strategies as macroscale channels, lumen size, groove geometry, use of hydrogel/matrix, and unidirectional freeze-dried surface are seen to promote nerve regeneration, shortcomings such as axonal dispersion and wrong target reinnervation still remain unsolved. On this basis, future research directions are identified and discussed.