gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention by (±)‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐<i>n</i>propylamino)tetralin of both catalepsy and the rises in rat striatal dopamine metabolism caused by haloperidol (1996)

1. The influence of (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on haloperidol-induced increases in the dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (HVA), was measured in three microdissected brain regions of the rat following a quantitative assessment of catalepsy. 2. Haloperidol alone (2.66 mumol kg-1, i.p.) caused a robust cataleptic response. Given 30 min after haloperidol, 8-OH-DPAT (76 or 760 nmol kg-1, s.c.) prevented catalepsy in 30% and 100% of rats, respectively. 3. Haloperidol significantly increased the DOPAC (by 2 to 4 fold) and HVA (by 3 to 7 fold) contents of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Given alone, only the lower dose of 8-OH-DPAT caused a significant biochemical change, a doubling of cortical DOPAC. 4. In the cases where catalepsy was prevented by either dose of 8-OH-DPAT, the haloperidol-induced increases in DOPAC and HVA were consistently lower in the caudate-putamen. This pattern was true for the rise in cortical HVA but only in response to the lower dose of 8-OH-DPAT. In contrast, neither dose of 8-OH-DPAT was able to influence the haloperidol-induced rises in cortical DOPAC. In the nucleus accumbens, 8-OH-DPAT did not affect the haloperidol-induced increases in the dopamine metabolites, irrespective of the dose employed or the resulting behaviour. When catalepsy was not prevented, 8-OH-DPAT did not alter the neurochemical responses to haloperidol in any region. 5. These results suggest that part of the mechanism by which 8-OH-DPAT prevents haloperidol-induced catalepsy is reflected by a reversal of the compensatory increase in meso-striatal and/or meso-cortical dopamine neuronal activity that normally accompanies postsynaptic dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol.
Integrating YAGO into the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (2008)

Ontologies are becoming more and more popular as background knowledge for intelligent applications. Up to now, there has been a schism between manually assembled, highly axiomatic ontologies and large, automatically constructed knowledge bases. This paper discusses how the two worlds can be brought together by combining the high-level axiomatizations from the standard upper merged ontology (SUMO) with the extensive world knowledge of the YAGO ontology. The result is a new large-scale formal ontology, which provides information about millions of entities such as people, cities, organizations, and companies.
Synthesis of liquid-crystalline polyacrylates with laterally substituted mesogens (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of liquid-crystalline polyacrylates with laterally substituted mesogensQi Feng Zhou, Hui Min Li, and Xin De FengCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 1, 233–234Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00167a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views975Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Blood of Diabetes Patients and Streptozotocin-Treated Rats Causes Vascular Inflammation? (2010)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is emerging as a physiological neuromodulator as well as a smooth muscle relaxant. We submit the first evidence that blood H(2)S levels are significantly lower in fasting blood obtained from type 2 diabetes patients compared with age-matched healthy subjects, and in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats compared with control Sprague-Dawley rats. We further observed that supplementation with H(2)S or an endogenous precursor of H(2)S (l-cysteine) in culture medium prevents IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in high-glucose-treated human U937 monocytes. These first observations led to the hypothesis that lower blood H(2)S levels may contribute to the vascular inflammation seen in diabetes.
The training of research chemists at the Weizmann Institute of Science (1970)

Thc main problems in establishing the rules and curriculum for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students of chemistry in a graduate school are: ( a) defining the purpose of training; (b) integrating students with B.Sc.s of uneven background; ( c) maintaining a balance between course work and independent research; and (d) reducing the time spent in the graduate school.
Application of extremum sampling in speech coding (2002)

The magnitude spectrum of speech is sampled to extract the extremum (maximum) points representing the underlying sine-wave amplitudes. The resulting nonuniform samples are, first, interpolated using a cubic spline function and, then, modelled by an all-pole magnitude spectrum. The gain factor and the line spectral frequency (LSF) domain representation of the coefficients of the all-pole model are quantized at the encoder. A faithful reconstruction of the spectral extremum envelope is obtained at the decoder using the dequantized all-pole model parameters.
Flow of Sub-Cooled Cryogens through a Joule-Thomson Device: Investigation of Metastability Conditions (2007)

Cryogenic fluid systems are fundamental to space flight architecture.Due to the unique properties of cryogenic fluids and the environments in which they operate for space flight, cryogenic fluid management systems must be developed to maintain these fluids at conditions in which they can be utilized.Liquid oxygen boils at 90 K, and liquid hydrogen boils at 20 K. Significant care must be taken to provide a thermal management system that prevents heat entering these fluids with consequential adverse effects on the performance of the cryogenic fluid systems.One critical component of a cryogenic thermal management system is a Joule-Thomson device.This one small component provides the driving force not only for the production of cryogenic fluids, but for the effective management of thermal loads in many cryogenic fluid systems including those used in space flight architectures.
A New PET Scanner with Semiconductor Detectors Enables Better Identification of Intratumoral Inhomogeneity (2008)

These phantom and clinical studies suggested that this new PET scanner has the potential for better identification of intratumoral inhomogeneity, probably because of its high spatial resolution and low scatter noise.
NF95-226 Estimating Floor Space for Farm Equipment Storage (1995)

There has been much recent interest in mathematical developments for the analysis of growth in poultry. In this paper, we present a sinusoidal function to describe the evolution of growth as a function of time based on real life experiments. The function was evaluated with regard to its ability to describe the relationship between body weight and age in broilers and was compared to 4 standard growth functions: Gompertz, logistic, Lopez, and Richards. In order to estimate the model parameters, we adopted a global optimization method based on a direct search method instead of using gradient-based techniques. The results of this study show that both the sinusoidal function and the direct search method precisely describe the growth dynamics of broiler chickens. Fitting the growth functions to different data profiles nearly always led to the same or less maximized log-likelihood values for the sinusoidal equation, which is an indication of its superiority in describing growth data from broiler chickens.
Neuroprotective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2001)

These results suggest that rHuEPO is effective in attenuating acute cerebral vasoconstriction and ischemic brain injury following experimental SAH.
The Polymorphism of 2-Acetyl-, 2-Butyryl- and 2-Caproyldistearin and -dipalmitin (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polymorphism of 2-Acetyl-, 2-Butyryl- and 2-Caproyldistearin and -dipalmitinF. L. Jackson, R. L. Wille, and E. S. LuttonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4280–4284Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
White light emission from amorphous silicon oxycarbide (a-SiCxOy) thin films: Role of composition and postdeposition annealing (2010)

The effects of carbon and postdeposition annealing on white luminescence are studied in amorphous silicon oxycarbide (a-SiCxOy) films grown by chemical vapor deposition. The films showed strong room-temperature luminescence in a broad spectral range from blue-violet to near infrared, depending on excitation energy. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity exhibited good correlation with SiOC bond concentration. At low C (&lt;5%), matrix PL was completely quenched after annealing in O2 even at 500 °C. PL was unaffected by O2 annealing at higher C, and could be enhanced when excited by an ultraviolet laser. These findings are correlated to C- and Si-related O defect centers as luminescence sources in a-SiCxOy.
Microinflammation is involved in the dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (2008)

Microinflammation might be involved in the dysfunction of AVF in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.
Lsh, an SNF2/helicase family member, is required for proliferation of mature T lymphocytes (2000)

Lsh (Hells) is closely related to SNF2/helicase family members that remodel chromatin and thus regulate gene transcription. In the adult mouse Lsh is expressed primarily in lymphoid tissue, showing the highest level in thymocytes. Lsh gene expression can be induced in thymic pro-T cells by pre-T cell receptor crosslinking and in mature T cells by T cell receptor crosslinking together with costimulation via CD28. The time course of Lsh gene and protein expression correlated closely with the onset of S phase of the cell cycle. To explore the function of Lsh during lymphoid development or activation, we deleted the Lsh gene by homologous recombination in ES cells. Fetal liver cells from Lsh-/- were used as a source of hematopoietic precursors to reconstitute lymphoid development in Rag2-/- mice. Lsh-/- (compared to Lsh+/+ or +/-) chimeras showed a modest reduction in thymocyte numbers due to a partial arrest at the transition from the CD4(-)CD8(-) stage to the CD4(+)CD8(+) stage of T cell development. Mature peripheral lymphocytes were reduced in number to approximately 60% for T cells and 40% for B cells; however, V(D)J recombination of the immune receptor genes was normal. Although polyclonal activation of Lsh-/- T cells induced normal levels of cytokines, cell proliferation was severely suppressed and cells underwent apoptosis. Several genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis were expressed normally with the exception of Bcl-2 that was actually elevated. These findings demonstrate that Lsh is not obligatory for normal lymphoid development but is essential for normal proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes.
LXIII.—Some xanthone derivatives and xanthone colouring matters (1916)

S. Dhar, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1916, 109, 744 DOI: 10.1039/CT9160900744
Medium‐range multimodel ensemble combination and calibration (2009)

Abstract As part of its contribution to The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX), the Met Office has developed a global, 15 day multimodel ensemble. The multimodel ensemble combines ensembles from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Met Office and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and is calibrated to give further improvements. The ensemble post‐processing includes bias correction, model‐dependent weights and variance adjustment, all of which are based on linear‐filter estimates using past forecast‐verification pairs, calculated separately for each grid point and forecast lead time. Verification shows that the multimodel ensemble gives an improvement in comparison with a calibrated single‐model ensemble, particularly for surface temperature. However, the benefits are smaller for mean‐sea‐level pressure (mslp) and 500 hPa height. This is attributed to the higher degree of forecast‐error similarity between the component ensembles for mslp and 500 hPa height than for temperature. The results also show only small improvements from the use of the model‐dependent weights and the variance adjustment. This is because the component ensembles have similar levels of skill, and the multimodel ensemble variance is already generally well calibrated. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the multimodel ensemble does give benefit over a single‐model ensemble. However, as expected, the benefits are small if the ensembles are similar to each other and further post‐processing gives only relatively small improvements. © Crown Copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tubular Surface Segmentation for Extracting Anatomical Structures From Medical Imagery (2010)

This work provides a model for tubular structures, and devises an algorithm to automatically extract tubular anatomical structures from medical imagery. Our model fits many anatomical structures in medical imagery, in particular, various fiber bundles in the brain (imaged through diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (DW-MRI)) such as the cingulum bundle, and blood vessel trees in computed tomography angiograms (CTAs). Extraction of the cingulum bundle is of interest because of possible ties to schizophrenia, and extracting blood vessels is helpful in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The tubular model we propose has advantages over many existing approaches in literature: fewer degrees-of-freedom over a general deformable surface hence energies defined on such tubes are less sensitive to undesirable local minima, and the tube (in 3-D) can be naturally represented by a 4-D curve (a radius function and centerline), which leads to computationally less costly algorithms and has the advantage that the centerline of the tube is obtained without additional effort. Our model also generalizes to tubular trees, and the extraction algorithm that we design automatically detects and evolves branches of the tree. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on 20 datasets of DW-MRI data and 32 datasets of CTA, and quantify the results of our algorithm when expert segmentations are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin Derivatives Via Iron Complexes, and Further Functionalizations Via Directed Metallation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anisotropic aberration correction using region of interest based digital adaptive optics in Fourier domain OCT (2015)

In this paper a numerical technique is presented to compensate for anisotropic optical aberrations, which are usually present across the lateral field of view in the out of focus regions, in high resolution optical coherence tomography and microscopy (OCT/OCM) setups. The recorded enface image field at different depths in the tomogram is digitally divided into smaller sub-regions or the regions of interest (ROIs), processed individually using subaperture based digital adaptive optics (DAO), and finally stitched together to yield a final image with a uniform diffraction limited resolution across the entire field of view (FOV). Using this method, a sub-micron lateral resolution is achieved over a depth range of 218 [Formula: see text]for a nano-particle phantom sample imaged using a fiber based point scanning spectral domain (SD) OCM system with a limited depth of focus (DOF) of ~7 [Formula: see text]at a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.6. Thus, an increase in DOF by ~30x is demonstrated in this case. The application of this method is also shown in ex vivo mouse adipose tissue.
Toward the information network (1996)

The information service industry will drive economic wealth in the twenty-first century. The transport part of that industry-information networks-are emerging as the critical infrastructure for commerce, similar to the role of ships and railroads in the 1800s and automobiles and airlines in the 1900s. Information networks will transport the primary commercial commodity of the next century-digitized information-and information appliances will put it at your fingertips. Computer communications networks, or "information highways", have evolved from their beginnings in the Arpanet into the modern Internet. And the suite of Internet protocols has spread into commercial enterprises, in the form of intranets. Simultaneously, advances in computer processing and storage have enabled agents, directory services, and network computing to enrich the available information and tools. The continuing proliferation of media-rich applications, such as videoconferencing, on-line gaming, and virtual reality will drive the further evolution of the next generation of connectivity, the Information Network. This article explains the sequential evolution of three phases of networking-the Arpanet, the Internet, and the Information Network-and explores the barriers to realizing the new information network paradigm.
Fabrication and characterization of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond-coated MEMS probes (2016)

Fabrication processes of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) films on silicon-based micro- and nano-electromechanical structures have been investigated. B-NCD films were deposited using microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition method. The variation in B-NCD morphology, structure and optical parameters was particularly investigated. The use of truncated cone-shaped substrate holder enabled to grow thin fully encapsulated nanocrystalline diamond film with a thickness of approx. 60 nm and RMS roughness of 17 nm. Raman spectra present the typical boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond line recorded at 1148 cm−1. Moreover, the change in mechanical parameters of silicon cantilevers over-coated with boron-doped diamond films was investigated with laser vibrometer. The increase of resonance to frequency of over-coated cantilever is attributed to the change in spring constant caused by B-NCD coating. Topography and electrical parameters of boron-doped diamond films were investigated by tapping mode AFM and electrical mode of AFM–Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The crystallite–grain size was recorded at 153 and 238 nm for boron-doped film and undoped, respectively. Based on the contact potential difference data from the KPFM measurements, the work function of diamond layers was estimated. For the undoped diamond films, average CPD of 650 mV and for boron-doped layer 155 mV were achieved. Based on CPD values, the values of work functions were calculated as 4.65 and 5.15 eV for doped and undoped diamond film, respectively. Boron doping increases the carrier density and the conductivity of the material and, consequently, the Fermi level.
Stem Cell Property of Postmigratory Cranial Neural Crest Cells and Their Utility in Alveolar Bone Regeneration and Tooth Development (2009)

The vertebrate neural crest is a multipotent cell population that gives rise to a variety of different cell types. We have discovered that postmigratory cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) maintain mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and show potential utility for the regeneration of craniofacial structures. We are able to induce the osteogenic differentiation of postmigratory CNCCs, and this differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways. After transplantation into a host animal, postmigratory CNCCs form bone matrix. CNCC-formed bones are distinct from bones regenerated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, CNCCs support tooth germ survival via BMP signaling in our CNCC-tooth germ cotransplantation system. Thus, we conclude that postmigratory CNCCs preserve stem cell features, contribute to craniofacial bone formation, and play a fundamental role in supporting tooth organ development. These findings reveal a novel function for postmigratory CNCCs in organ development, and demonstrate the utility of these CNCCs in regenerating craniofacial structures.
Density aware shape modeling to control mass properties of 3D printed objects (2014)

When creating a physical model to 3D print, the density distribution of an object is important because it determines the mass properties of objects such as center of mass, total mass and moment of inertia. In this paper, we present a density aware shape modelling method to control the mass properties of 3D printed objects. We generate a continuous density distribution that satisfies the given mass properties and generate a 3D printable model that represents this density distribution using a truss structure. The number of nodes and their positions are iteratively optimized so as to minimize error between the target density and the density of the truss structure. With our technique, 3D printed objects that have desired mass properties can be fabricated.