gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Spallation Drilling and Advanced Energy Conversion Technologies for Engineered Geothermal Systems (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2009.
Effects of AT <sub>1</sub> and AT <sub>2</sub> Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists in Angiotensin II-Infused Rats (1998)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) appears to exert its contractile and growth-promoting effects through the AT1 receptor subtype, whereas the AT2 subtype may have growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic properties. Recently, some data have challenged this emerging concept. To clarify the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors, we treated Wistar rats that were infused with Ang II (120 ng/kg/min subcutaneously by osmotic minipump), with the AT1 antagonist losartan (10 mg/kg/d in the drinking water) and the AT2 antagonist PD123319 (30 mg/kg/d subcutaneously by osmotic minipump) for 21 days. At the end of the study, tail-cuff systolic blood pressure was 106+/-2.8 mm Hg in untreated rats and 108+/-2.0 mm Hg in rats infused with Ang II that received losartan, whereas it rose to 158+/-4.9 mm Hg in Ang II-infused rats and 158+/-3.0 mm Hg in rats infused with Ang II rats and PD123319 (the two latter groups P<.01 versus the two other groups). Heart weight, and aorta cross-section/body weight ratio were higher in Ang II-infused rats than in controls and were significantly reduced in Ang II-infused rats that received losartan (P<.05). Wire-myograph-mounted coronary, renal, mesenteric, and femoral small arteries from Ang II-infused rats and Ang II-infused rats receiving PD123319 had a greater media, media cross-section, and media/lumen ratio than vessels from untreated or Ang II-infused rats treated with losartan. These results support the concept that in Wistar normotensive rats infused for 3 weeks with angiotensin II, growth in the heart, aorta, and coronary, renal, mesenteric, and femoral small arteries is mediated by the AT1 receptor; the results show little evidence of a role of AT2 receptors in mediating angiotensin II effects in this experimental paradigm.
Flow Cytometric FRET Analysis of Protein Interaction (2010)

Investigation of protein-protein interactions in situ in living or intact cells gains expanding importance as structure/function relationships proposed from bulk biochemistry and molecular modeling experiments require demonstration at the cellular level. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based methods are excellent tools for determining proximity and supramolecular organization of biomolecules at the cell surface or inside the cell. This could well be the basis for the increasing popularity of FRET; in fact, the number of publications exploiting FRET has doubled in the past 5 years. In this chapter, we intend to provide a generally useable protocol for measuring FRET in flow cytometry. After a concise theoretical introduction, recipes are provided for successful labeling techniques and measurement approaches. The simple, quenching-based population-level measurement; the classic ratiometric, intensity-based technique providing cell-by-cell actual FRET efficiencies, and a more advanced version of the latter, allowing for cell-by-cell autofluorescence correction, are described. Finally, points of caution are given to help design proper experiments and critically interpret the results.
network address translation traversal based on bernoulli laws of largenumber in p2p streaming system (2011)

(1) National Network New Media Engineering and Technology Research Center Institute of Acoustics Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100190 China; (2) Graduate University of Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100190 China; (3) State Nuclear Power software Development Center Beijing 100029 China
Transverse depth-profilometric hardness photothermal phase imaging of heat treated steels (2003)

A method to image near-surface hardness profiles of heat-treated case-hardened steels using laser infrared photothermal radiometric phase imaging is described. It is shown that thermophysical and mechanical transverse inhomogeneity profiles in industrial case hardened steel samples are well correlated. Phase surface scanning imaging leads to a practical criterion for assessing transverse hardness homogeneity. A simple method based on phase imaging is proposed as a quantitative criterion to determine which steel samples should be rejected for thermal-wave depth-profilometric reconstruction of thermal diffusivity or conductivity.
Outlier Detection for Text Data (2017)

The problem of outlier detection is extremely challenging in many domains such as text, in which the attribute values are typically non-negative, and most values are zero. In such cases, it often becomes difficult to separate the outliers from the natural variations in the patterns in the underlying data. In this paper, we present a matrix factorization method, which is naturally able to distinguish the anomalies with the use of low rank approximations of the underlying data. Our iterative algorithm TONMF is based on Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) framework. Our approach has significant advantages over traditional methods for text outlier detection. Finally, we present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of our method over competing methods.
Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation (2012)

Calibration of the BOLD signal is potentially of great value in providing a closer measure of the underlying changes in brain function related to neuronal activity than the BOLD signal alone, but current approaches rely on an assumed relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is poorly characterised in humans and does not reflect the predominantly venous nature of BOLD contrast, whilst this relationship may vary across brain regions and depend on the structure of the local vascular bed. This work demonstrates a new approach to BOLD calibration which does not require an assumption about the relationship between cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow. This method involves repeating the same stimulus both at normoxia and hyperoxia, using hyperoxic BOLD contrast to estimate the relative changes in venous blood oxygenation and venous CBV. To do this the effect of hyperoxia on venous blood oxygenation has to be calculated, which requires an estimate of basal oxygen extraction fraction, and this can be estimated from the phase as an alternative to using a literature estimate. Additional measurement of the relative change in CBF, combined with the blood oxygenation change can be used to calculate the relative change in CMRO(2) due to the stimulus. CMRO(2) changes of 18 ± 8% in response to a motor task were measured without requiring the assumption of a CBV/CBF coupling relationship, and are in agreement with previous approaches.
Les oscillateurs non linéaires et le diagramme de Nyquist (1952)

Ce travail a pour but la recherche de lois générales permettant l'étude de systèmes oscillants régis par des équations non linéaires. Les méthodes employées permettent d'établir rapidement et clairement tous les résultats classiques obtenus plus laborieusement par les méthodes traditionnelles, en particulier ceux relatifs à l'équation de van der Pol. Nous commençons par rappeler les approximations linéaires classiques et la méthode de Nyquist sous sa forme originale, valables seulement lorsque les oscillations s'amorcent. L'évolution du système est ensuite analysée entre l'amorçage et le régime permanent grâce à une généralisation de la méthode de Nyquist s'étendant au cas d'oscillateurs à loi non linéaire. L'étude, faite sur des modèles simples (l'oscillateur de van der Pol est pris pour type), permet de déterminer : 1° La valeur de l'amplitude et de la pulsation en régime stabilisé; 2° Le temps de réaction à une petite perturbation; 3° La stabilité de fréquence; 4° La plage de synchronisation. La portée plus générale des résultats est cependant soulignée.
Pressure Measurements Using an Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (1999)

Remote airborne measurements of the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmospheric pressure field in the lower troposphere are made with an oxygen differential absorption lidar (DIAL). A detailed analysis of this measurement technique is provided which includes corrections for imprecise knowledge of the detector background level, the oxygen absorption fine parameters, and variations in the laser output energy. In addition, we analyze other possible sources of systematic errors including spectral effects related to aerosol and molecular scattering interference by rotational Raman scattering and interference by isotopic oxygen fines.
Design and Implementation of Parallel Memory Architectures (2006)

Parallel processing is continually concerned about how to supply all the processing nodes with data. Many of the applications favor special data patterns that could be accessed in parallel. This is utilized in parallel memories, where the idea is to increase memory bandwidth with several memory modules working in parallel and feed the processor with only necessary data.\n\n\nTraditional parallel memories are application specific and support only fixed data access requirements. In this Thesis, memory flexibility is increased to give support for several algorithms by adding run-time configurability to parallel memories. Multitude of data access templates and module assignment functions can be used within a single hardware implementation, which has not been possible in prior embedded parallel memory systems. The design reusability of the memories is also improved since the same memory system is applicable in several separate implementations.\n\n\nThree novel parallel memory architectures are presented in this Thesis: one traditional application specific type and two with run-time configurability. The results show that run-time configurability can be included in parallel memories with a reasonable cost. As a case study with four memory modules, the normalized complexity of the proposed configurable parallel memories is 63 80% less than the conventional type of parallel memory. Moreover, in configurable parallel memories, the complexity increase in permutation networks is expressed to become the most critical when increasing the memory module count. According to evaluations, up to 79% of the total parallel memory gate count is consumed by the permutation networks excluding memory cells.\n\n\nThe results of this Thesis can be used for designing a flexible memory system for real-time multimedia applications that demand high data throughput and data parallel computation.
High–energy density nonaqueous all redox flow lithium battery enabled with a polymeric membrane (2015)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are considered one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies. However, conventional RFBs suffer from low energy density due to the low solubility of the active materials in electrolyte. On the basis of the redox targeting reactions of battery materials, the redox flow lithium battery (RFLB) demonstrated in this report presents a disruptive approach to drastically enhancing the energy density of flow batteries. With LiFePO4 and TiO2 as the cathodic and anodic Li storage materials, respectively, the tank energy density of RFLB could reach ~500 watt-hours per liter (50% porosity), which is 10 times higher than that of a vanadium redox flow battery. The cell exhibits good electrochemical performance under a prolonged cycling test. Our prototype RFLB full cell paves the way toward the development of a new generation of flow batteries for large-scale energy storage.
Entusiasme, empatia, enteniment i eficàcia: entrevista a Diego Gómez (2006)

Es home d'accio, pero d'accio substantiva, d'aqui que per al titol hagin calgut quatre substantius, la inicial dels quals es la que segueix la del seu nom. Amb mirada inquieta, segueix amb olfacte de perdiguer l'actualitat, conscient que nomes l'ara ens pot endinsar en el dema. Recorrent amb ell el seu pais, aquest esdeve una passio compartida, noms coneguts de dies prenen una nova aparenca en ser presos del seu discurs, mes que mots esdevenen vivencies amb ressorts d'intriga que comenca a desvelar-se-nos. Arriba acompanyat de Joan Carles Marti, president de la Federacio d'Organitzacions per la Llengua Catalana. De cami cap a casa, em comenta amb il·lusio els dolcos que han fet els xiquets i les xiquetes de la seva escola sota el comandament dels avis i avies del poble. Se'n va perque ha quedat per sopar amb companys i companyes d'Alzira (alguna en deuen portar de cap!). Ah! I, l'endema, dissabte es llevara de bon mati per anar a pedalar amb els companys de la penya ciclista Amunt. Sempre amb el pais sota els peus i els ideals al vent. I el nosaltres per divisa, el nosaltres amb que sempre posa al davant la seua gent, la gent d'Escola Valenciana, la Federacio d'Associacions per la Llengua que ell presideix.
Detailed Numerical Modeling of a Novel Infrared Single Photon Detector for ¿ &#x226B; 1¿m (2007)

We have designed a novel avalanche-free single photon detector for IR wavelengths above 1 μm. The detector shows high quantum efficiency and high gain. A detailed finite-element-method based three-dimensional simulation was developed to model and evaluate the nonlinear effects involved in the design.
A Learned Lexicon-Driven Paradigm for Interactive Video Retrieval (2007)

Effective video retrieval is the result of interplay between interactive query selection, advanced visualization of results, and a goal-oriented human user. Traditional interactive video retrieval approaches emphasize paradigms, such as query-by-keyword and query-by-example, to aid the user in the search for relevant footage. However, recent results in automatic indexing indicate that query-by-concept is becoming a viable resource for interactive retrieval also. We propose in this paper a new video retrieval paradigm. The core of the paradigm is formed by first detecting a large lexicon of semantic concepts. From there, we combine query-by-concept, query-by-example, query-by-keyword, and user interaction into the MediaMill semantic video search engine. To measure the impact of increasing lexicon size on interactive video retrieval performance, we performed two experiments against the 2004 and 2005 NIST TRECVID benchmarks, using lexicons containing 32 and 101 concepts, respectively. The results suggest that from all factors that play a role in interactive retrieval, a large lexicon of semantic concepts matters most. Indeed, by exploiting large lexicons, many video search questions are solvable without using query-by-keyword and query-by-example. In addition, we show that the lexicon-driven search engine outperforms all state-of-the-art video retrieval systems in both TRECVID 2004 and 2005
Design of a metal cap with two slots covering the end of a module substrate for 60-GHz WPAN (2014)

This paper presents a metal cap with two slots covering the end of the module substrate for a 60-GHz wireless personal area network (WPAN). The metal cap is fed by a microstrip line (MSL). The internal structure of the metal cap is simple, consisting of only a T-junction. The thickness and the height of the cap are 1.1 mm and 3.8 mm, respectively. The bandwidth for reflection less than -10 dB is 19.5% and the gain is larger than 9 dBi over 57-66 GHz.
Architecture of an open object-oriented database management system (1992)

The architecture of the open object-oriented database (OODB) management system, its requirements, and its computational model, which builds database functionality as an extensible collection of transparent extensions to existing programming languages, are described. The way in which open OODB's system architecture is decomposed into a kernal meta-architecture and a collection of modules implementing specific behavioral extensions is discussed. The potential risks of the open OODB architecture are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Material micromachining using bursts of high repetition rate picosecond pulses from a fiber laser source (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of using bursts of picosecond pulses for material micromachining and compare the results with those obtained when using a nanosecond source with similar pulse energy, pulse width and pulse shape. The picosecond laser source used for the experiments was delivering 60-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 1.8 GHz, grouped within arbitrarily-shaped bursts having a width that could be varied from 2.5 to 40 ns. The laser output central wavelength was at 1064 nm and the output beam M<sup>2</sup> value was below 1.15. Micro-milling experiments were performed on silicon for two levels of energy per burst and with different burst amplitude profiles. We show that the maximum material removal efficiency and the surface quality can be increased by more than 25% when using bursts of picosecond pulses with respect to nanosecond pulses with similar energy per pulse. Effect of shaping the burst envelope of the picosecond laser on the maximum material removal efficiency is also presented.
Investigation of peptide thioester formation via <i>N</i>→<i>Se</i> acyl transfer (2013)

Native chemical ligation is widely used for the convergent synthesis of proteins. The peptide thioesters required for this process can be challenging to produce, particularly when using Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. We have previously reported a route to peptide thioesters, following Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis, via an N→S acyl shift that is initiated by the presence of a C-terminal cysteine residue, under mildly acidic conditions. Under typical reaction conditions, we occasionally observed significant thioester hydrolysis as a consequence of long reaction times (~48 h) and sought to accelerate the reaction. Here, we present a faster route to peptide thioesters, by replacing the C-terminal cysteine residue with selenocysteine and initiating thioester formation via an N→Se acyl shift. This modification allows thioester formation to take place at lower temperatures and on shorter time scales. We also demonstrate how application of this strategy also accelerates peptide cyclization, when a linear precursor is furnished with an N-terminal cysteine and C-terminal selenocysteine.
Comparison of Two Modulation Formats at Spectral Efficiency of 5 Bits/Dual-Pol Symbol (2013)

Two modulation formats at spectral efficiency of 5 bits/dual-pol symbol are compared. Linewidth tolerances and feed-forward carrier recovery methods are discussed. Performances over uncompensated SMF and LEAF fibers are shown. The 4-D optimized format is found to be modestly better than a hybrid combination better th of PM-QPSK and PM-8QAM.
Frameless Patient Registration Using Ultrasonic Imaging:<i>A Preliminary Study</i> (1995)

AbstractLocating the patient accurately in real time is necessary for many medical robotics applications. Current solutions are expensive or inconvenient. We show progress toward solving these problems by using ultrasound to track computed tomography (CT) reference features in realtime. We compute the locations of target features in the ultrasonic images relative to the CT reference features.Key Words: roboticsregistrationreal-time locationframeless registration
Tunable MEMS hybrid coupler and L-band tunable filter (2009)

Simultaneous control of frequency and coupling coefficient of a directional coupler provides a wide band tunable hybrid coupler. This hybrid coupler is combined with identical two tunable band rejection filters (BRF), to achieve a small-size wide-band tunable band pass filter (BPF). The BPF is called a reflection-type BPF and has a feature of converting rejection frequency bands of the BRF to pass frequency bands. In this paper, we derive the minimum insertion/reflection loss of the lumped element BPF and BRF, considering only the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of tuning devices. The results showed their minimum insertion loss was -5.2 dB and reflection loss was -0.35 dB if the ESR is 1 Omega. Considering the results, we prioritize a reflection-type filter as a prospective low insertion loss tunable BPF. Even though the BRF could be miniaturized and be adapted to wide frequency region by adopting lumped elements, the hybrid coupler might restrict the wide tuning range. Then we propose new tunable hybrid coupler, which alters its coupling coefficient as well as its center frequency, to provide equal transmission and coupling coefficients in wide frequency range. Validation has been done by fabricating tunable BPF composed of 1.2/2 GHz selectable MEMS hybrid coupler and 800 MHz-2.4 GHz seven-band MEMS tunable BRF. The total loss was around -5 dB and filter size was as small as 5.2 x 12.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Adsorption of polydimethylsiloxanes from solution on glass (1971)

Abstract The adsorption of polydimethylsiloxane polymers from solution on glass has been studied. The amount of polymer adsorbed depends markedly on the solvent because of specific solvent—surface interactions. The presence of silanol groups in the polymer, particularly as endgroups, markedly increases the amount of polymer adsorbed. Large differences are shown between the adsorption of the commercially available, and fully trimethylsilylated polydimethylsiloxanes of narrow molecular weight distribut on. Possible adsorption mechanisms are discussed.
Highly Efficient Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Transduction of Nondividing, Fully Reimplantable Primary Hepatocytes (2002)

Gene therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of liver disease. We demonstrate that a so-called third-generation human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived vector system can govern the efficient delivery, integration, and stable expression of a transgene into primary human hepatocytes in the complete absence of cell division. We also show that rodent hepatocytes exhibit a significant degree of resistance to HIV vector-mediated transduction, a phenotype that is particularly pronounced in murine hepatocytes and that results from a block in the immediate-early phase of infection. We finally describe a methodology, that allows very high rates of transduction through minimal in vitro manipulation, in which hepatocytes are kept in suspension and reimplanted within a few hours of harvest with a fully preserved engraftment potential. These results have immediate implications for the treatment of liver diseases by the transplantation of genetically modified hepatocytes, an approach that could be applied to a number of hereditary and acquired hepatic disorders.
Power stabilization of a diode laser with an acousto-optic modulator (2018)

Laser power fluctuations can significantly reduce the device performances in various applications. High frequency fluctuations impact the signal-to-noise ratio, while slow variations can reduce the device repeatability or accuracy. Here we report experimental investigations on the power stabilization of a diode laser with an acousto-optic modulator. In the frequency domain, the relative power noise is reduced at the level of 2.2 × 10<sup>-8</sup> Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> in the range 1-100 kHz. The slow variations are studied in the time domain. The relative Allan standard deviation is measured at the level of 6 × 10<sup>-7</sup> at 100 s averaging time. Above 100 s, the instability increases and reaches 2 × 10<sup>-6</sup> at 10 000 s.
Collaborative Tagging of Multimedia (2008)

The four articles in this special issue focus on collaborative tagging of multimedia. The papers are summarized here.