gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Home monitoring of body temperature patterns in infancy (1995)

For ten years the authors have been using data logging technology to monitor the overnight body temperature patterns of babies in the age range 4-30 weeks in their home environment. They have nearly 2,000 recordings from over 500 babies. These recordings have allowed the authors to characterise precisely the way in which body temperature patterns develop in infancy and how those patterns are affected by the way in which a baby is cared for, its obstetric history, and illnesses in post neonatal life. Babies are recruited for the authors' studies at or soon after birth. All monitorings are undertaken by trained health professionals, usually Health Visitors and great care is taken to explain to parents what is involved. A typical acceptance rate is about 30% of parents approached, but this varies with Health Visitor and the group of parents the authors are working with. Successful recruitment is not confined to middle class mothers. It is possible to recruit successfully babies and parents from all social groups. The authors have many recordings from babies in `vulnerable' groups, including single parents and those living in areas of considerable social deprivation. The recruitment success rate is no lower in these groups than in others. One group difficult to recruit, however, is infants who have spent significant time in Special Care. (2 pages)
High-Affinity DNA Aptamer Generation Targeting von Willebrand Factor A1-Domain by Genetic Alphabet Expansion for Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment Using Two Types of Libraries Composed of Five Different Bases (2016)

The novel evolutionary engineering method ExSELEX (genetic alphabet expansion for systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) provides high-affinity DNA aptamers that specifically bind to target molecules, by introducing an artificial hydrophobic base analogue as a fifth component into DNA aptamers. Here, we present a newer version of ExSELEX, using a library with completely randomized sequences consisting of five components: four natural bases and one unnatural hydrophobic base, 7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds). In contrast to the limited number of Ds-containing sequence combinations in our previous library, the increased complexity of the new randomized library could improve the success rates of high-affinity aptamer generation. To this end, we developed a sequencing method for each clone in the enriched library after several rounds of selection. Using the improved library, we generated a Ds-containing DNA aptamer targeting von Willebrand factor A1-domain (vWF) with significantly higher affinity (K<sub>D</sub> = 75 pM), relative to those generated by the initial version of ExSELEX, as well as that of the known DNA aptamer consisting of only the natural bases. In addition, the Ds-containing DNA aptamer was stabilized by introducing a mini-hairpin DNA resistant to nucleases, without any loss of affinity (K<sub>D</sub> = 61 pM). This new version is expected to consistently produce high-affinity DNA aptamers.
A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Subvisible and Visible Particles (2009)

The subvisible and visible particles present in a solution are often classified based on size, and are quantified by the actual number of particles present rather than by weight or molar amounts. The analysis of these particles in protein therapeutics are governed by compendial methods and the regulatory agencies, and the methods available to measure them originally evolved focusing on potential safety issues, including capillary occlusion and immunogenicity, that might arise from their presence. Ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, etc., discussed in previous articles, can be used to analyze aggregates of less than 0.10 microns. This article will focus on methods for analyzing and quantitating sub visible particles (SbVP) of 2 microns or larger. At the present time there is no routine method for quantitating sub visible particles (SbVP) between 0.1 microns and 2 microns. The most common technique for quantitating the amount of subvisible particles between 2 and 100 microns is the light obscuration method. This technique can determine size and amount of particles, but cannot differentiate between the types of particles, such as protein particles, foreign material, micro bubbles or silicone oil droplets, that can be present in protein solutions. The difficulties in adapting this method, originally developed for small molecule drugs for IV administration, to protein therapeutics delivered subcutaneously is discussed. The flow imaging techniques can determine morphology and optical characteristics of the particles, but still not identify the chemical composition. Other methods that can also be used, but are applicable for characterization purposes only, are discussed. The primary method for quantitating visible particles is visual inspection, a method that can be subjective and relies on adequate training of the human inspectors. Automated methods for visible particle determination are being developed. Identification of the chemical composition of isolated particles greater than about 50 microns is possible using several micro-spectroscopic methods, and these will also be discussed.
Cochleates: New Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System (2000)

Cochleates are a lipid-based tailored drug delivery system formed by the precipitation of a negatively charged lipid and a cation, for example phosphatidylserine and calcium. Hydrophobic, amphiphilic, negatively or positively charged moieties are suitable candidates to be delivered via cochleates. Various procedures have been developed allowing the control of cochleate particle size, including the trapping and hydrogel methods, which use either a direct addition or a slow diffusion of calcium into the negatively charged liposome/drug suspension. The efficacy of cochleates to encapsulate and deliver drugs was evaluated using amphotericin B as a model. Amphotericin B cochleates (CAMB) were compared to Fungizone® and AmBisome®, two commercially available AmB products. Parenterally, CAMB was given IP to ICR mice infected with Candida albicans. 100% survival was observed with low doses of CAMB (0.5 mg/kg/day, 10 days) compared to 60% for Fungizone, at the same dose. Tissue burden studies were conducted in parallel. Mice were treated daily from day 1 to day 7 post challenge and tissue burden assessed at day 8. In the kidneys, all three formulations were comparable in reducing colony counts. In the spleen, CAMB at 10 mg/kg/day was comparable to AmBisome given IV at the same dose. At 1 mg/kg/day, CAMB was more potent than Fungizone and AmBisome. Oral administration of CAMB in C57BL/6 mice, at 10 mg/kg results in high levels of AmB in target tissues. Multiple daily doses (10) showed accumulation of AmB in key tissues (liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys) and AmB tissue concentrations are raised to therapeutic levels. Orally administered CAMB are highly effective against fungal infections in mice at very low doses. Balb/C mice were infected with Candida albicans and were given oral CAMB as a daily dose for 15 days. Comparison was done to AmBisome given orally at 10 mg/kg and Fungizone IP. 100% survival was obtained with CAMB at doses as low as 0.5 mg/kg/day (15 days). CAMB eradicate Candida from lungs when given at 2.5 mg/kg/day and was comparable to Fungizone given IP at almost the same dose (2 mg/kg/day). The comparison between CAMB and AmBisome shows that oral CAMB is 10 times more effective than oral AmBisome in reducing colony counts in both kidneys and lungs. Orally administered CAMB were non-toxic even at the highest dose of 50 mg/kg/day (14 days). This was demontrated by 100% survival of the animals and normal histopathology analysis. No lesions in the kidneys, GI tract, lungs, liver and spleen was observed despite the substantial amount of AmB in these organs. AmB cochleate promise to be a safe, broad spectrum, effective and orally available, antifungal formulation.
Korean Immigrant Businesses Departing Inner-City African-American Neighborhoods (2012)

This study identifies a determining factor that affects the departure of Kor ean immigrant businesses from inner-city African-American neighborhoods. Data for this study come from a sample survey of 132 Korean immigrant bu siness owners in the Chicago area. A major finding is that owners’ favorabl e perception of external economic opportunities, rather than conflicts with Af rican-American customers or residents represents the major factor that contr ibutes to Korean immigrant businesses leaving inner-city African-American neighborhoods. This finding suggests an alternative that invalidates the confl ict-centered perspective commonly found in the literature on Korean-Americ an entrepreneurship, instead putting economic factors at the forefront of the analysis.
In-line production system for sputter deposition of graded index solar absorbing films (1981)

An apparatus for producing a selective solar-absorbing coating on tubes is described. The coating has absorptance α = 0.88±0.02 and room-temperature emittance ε = 0.035±0.005. When applied to a glass substrate, it consists of layers of stainless steel, copper, and a composite metal–carbon layer. The coating is applied by translation of the substrate through two hollow-cathode magnetron sputter-coating chambers. The metal–carbon layer is applied by reactive sputtering in the presence of acetylene and has a graded refractive index. Coatings have been incorporated into evacuated tubular collectors and their properties are discussed.
Rapid Detection of Hypervariable Regions by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (1990)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has provided a substantial improvement for the detection and analysis of known genetic polymorphisms. Here, we describe the application of this method for the detection of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences. With the use of unique oligonucleotide primers, flanking the repeat sequence, and the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase, the hypervariable regions 3' of the Ha-ras gene, 3' of the apolipoprotein B gene, and 5' to the joining segments of the heavy-chain immunoglobulin gene could be amplified. Alleles up to 2,000 bp could be visualized directly on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Larger alleles were seen only after traditional Southern blot analysis with an internal probe. The value of this new approach for the detection of VNTRs is illustrated in a case of paternity dispute.
Structural Determinants of RhoA Binding and Nucleotide Exchange in Leukemia-associated Rho Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor (2004)

Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) activate Rho GTPases, and thereby regulate cytoskeletal structure, gene transcription, and cell migration. Leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) belongs to a small subfamily of RhoGEFs that are RhoA-selective and directly activated by the Galpha12/13 family of heterotrimeric G proteins. Herein we describe the atomic structures of the catalytic Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of LARG alone and in complex with RhoA. These structures demonstrate that the DH/PH domains of LARG can undergo a dramatic conformational change upon binding RhoA, wherein both the DH and PH domains directly engage RhoA. Through mutational analysis we show that full nucleotide exchange activity requires a novel N-terminal extension on the DH domain that is predicted to exist in a broader family of RhoGEFs that includes p115-RhoGEF, Lbc, Lfc, Net1, and Xpln, and identify regions within the LARG PH domain that contribute to its ability to facilitate nucleotide exchange in vitro. In crystals of the DH/PH-RhoA complex, the active site of RhoA adopts two distinct GDP-excluding conformations among the four unique complexes in the asymmetric unit. Similar changes were previously observed in structures of nucleotide-free Ras and Ef-Tu. A potential protein-docking site on the LARG PH domain is also evident and appears to be conserved throughout the Lbc subfamily of RhoGEFs.
A PMMA-based micro pressure sensor cuip using carbon nanotubes as sensing elements (2005)

A polymer-based MEMS pressure sensor was fabricated using bulk multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) as piezoresistive sensing elements. The development of the pressure sensor includes fabrication of 300/spl mu/m thick polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) diaphragms using SU8 molding/hot-embossing technique and AC electrophoretic manipulation of MWNT bundles on the diaphragms. We have measured the pressure-resistance dependency of these MWNT-based micro sensors and preliminary results indicated that the MWNT sensors were capable of sensing input pressure variations. Moreover, the I-V measurements of the resulting devices revealed that the nominal resistance of the sensing elements can be adjusted by annealing the MWNTs through electrical current heating, which offers a potential method for resistance-off set calibration. Based on these experimental evidences, we propose that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a novel material for fabricating micro pressure sensors on polymer substrates - which may serve as alternative sensors for silicon based pressure sensors when bio-compatibility and low-cost applications are required.
Statistics on suicides of japanese workers (2013)

In Japan, suicides increased sharply in 1998, passing the 30,000 mark. Over the next 14 years until 2011, the number remained at a high level in excess of 30,000 each year. In the meantime, measures to prevent suicides were promoted at national level through the Basic Act on Suicide Prevention (enforced from October 2006) and the Outline of Comprehensive Suicide Measures (formulated in June 2007). The FY 2012 draft budget for suicide prevention measures was around 18.7 billion yen, including sums for measures to “Clarify the facts concerning suicide,” “Encourage public vigilance,” “Train personnel to play a central role in early countermeasures,” “Promote mental health,” “Make appropriate psychiatric care available,” “Prevent suicides as a social initiative,” “Prevent repeated suicide attempts,” “Ease the distress of surviving family members,” and “Strengthen cooperation with private organizations.” According to the latest statistical data released by the National Police Agency (“Monthly Suicide Statistics for 2012 [Provisional Figures as of December 31],” Jan. 17th, 2013), there were 27,766 suicides in 2012. This was the first time since 1998 that the number had fallen below 30,000. The reasons behind the decrease in suicides will doubtless be discussed from various angles as time goes on. There is a suggestion, however, that enhanced public awareness and increased knowledge of suicide resulting from these nationwide measures, via practical activities by local authorities, private organizations and others, could have been one factor in helping to prevent suicides. In Japan, there are several forms of statistical data on the subject of suicide. The most representative of these are Jisatsu no Gaiyo Shiryo [Overview data on suicides] published by the National Police Agency every year (co-published with the Cabinet Office as Jisatsu no Jokyo [The state of suicides] since 2011) and Jinko Dotai Tokei (Vital Statistics) published monthly by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. There are also some independent survey data produced by private organizations and others. These statistical data differ in various ways (for example, in their survey method and definition of terms), leading to discrepancies in figures such as the total number of deaths by suicide. In view of these points, this paper will provide a commentary on interpreting the various statistical data on suicide in Japan, differences between the various data, and other issues, focusing mainly on workers.
Monolithic InP Receiver Chip with a 90° Hybrid and 56GHz Balanced Photodiodes (2012)

We demonstrate a monolithically integrated quadrature coherent receiver PIC on an InP substrate with a 90° optical hybrid and two balanced 56GHz pin-photodetectors. The presented devices enable the use of 56/64Gbaud 16-QAM signals either in the C-band or the L-band.
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex (2009)

The Golgi complex is the central sorting and processing station of the secretory pathway, ensuring that cargo proteins, which are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, are properly glycosylated and packaged into carriers for transport to their final destinations. Two recent studies highlight the fact that properties of membrane lipids play key roles in Golgi structural organization and trafficking. The Antonny laboratory has demonstrated the mechanism by which a Golgi tether containing a membrane-curvature-sensing domain at one end can link highly curved and flat membranes together in a reversible manner. In this way, a strong interaction that binds membranes together in an oriented fashion can easily be disrupted as the properties of the membranes change. The Lippincott-Schwartz laboratory has developed a new model for intra-Golgi trafficking, called the rapid-partitioning model, which incorporates lipid trafficking as an integral part. Simulations reveal that the sorting of lipids into processing and export domains that are connected to each Golgi cisterna, and bidirectional trafficking throughout the Golgi to allow proteins to associate with their preferred lipid environment, is sufficient to drive protein transport through the secretory pathway. Although only a proof in principle, this model for the first time invokes lipid sorting as the driving force in intra-Golgi trafficking, and provides a framework for future experimental work.
New approaches to composite metal joining (2015)

This thesis explores new methods for achieving load-carrying joints between the dissimilar materials of continuous fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites and structural metals. The new composite-to-metal joining methods investigated in this work exploit the metal-to-metal joining techniques of arc micro-welding, resistance spot welding, and metal filler brazing, to form novel micro-architectured metal adherends that can be used for enhanced composite-to-metal joining.\nThrough a combination of equipment instrumentation and metallographic inspection of fabricated prototype joints, understanding is gained of how materials respond when processed by manufacturing techniques that have not previously been exploited for dissimilar material joining. Mechanical testing of prototype joints; both to ultimate loading strength and partial failure states, with subsequent inspection of specimens and comparative performances evaluation enabled joining performance characterisation of the new joining methods.\nKey results include: the identification of micropin reinforced adhesive joints to exhibit pseudo-ductile failure characteristics, resistance spot weld reinforcement of adhesive joints to boost bonding performance, and the use of a polymer infused metal foam to overcome difficulties of thermoplastic to metal adhesion.\nThrough this work knowledge of how novel micro-architectures reacted under mechanical loading enabled insights to be gained into how perceived manufacturing defects can benefit joining performance. Such examples include, localised material weakness that lead to global pseudo-ductile failure behaviour, and low-strength secondary joining mechanisms boosting primary load transfer systems.\nBy comparison of the diverse joining methods investigated in this work, trends were identified that suggest joining performance between the two dissimilar materials is improved by increasing the direct interaction between the composite reinforcement fibres and the metal structure. It is demonstrated that joining improvements are gained by forming mechanical connections between metals and composite precursory material before the final manufacturing process of the composite.
Modeling and suppression of transmitter leakage in concurrent dual-band transceivers with carrier aggregation (2015)

In this paper, a dual-basis envelope-dependent sideband distortion model is proposed to characterize the distortion induced by transmitter leakage in concurrent dual-band transceivers. It is constructed by first generating a nonlinear basis function that maps the inputs to the target frequency band where the distortion is to be cancelled, and then weighting it with envelope-dependent nonlinearities. Experimental results demonstrated that excellent cancellation performance can be achieved with very low implementation complexity by employing the proposed model.
A tribute to sulfur (2000)

Recent progress in a number of areas of biochemistry and biology has drawn attention to the critical importance of sulfur in the biosynthesis of vital cofactors and active sites in proteins, and in the complex reaction mechanisms often involved. This brief review is intended as a broad overview of this currently rapidly moving field of sulfur biochemistry, for those who are interested or are involved in one or the other aspect of it, a synopsis by one who has stumbled into this field from several directions in the course of time. Only for iron are metal-sulfur relationships discussed in detail, as the iron-sulfur subfield is one of the most active areas.
Precision Polymer Synthesis by Degenerative Transfer Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Using Organotellurium, Organostibine, and Organobismuthine Chain-Transfer Agents (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPrecision Polymer Synthesis by Degenerative Transfer Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Using Organotellurium, Organostibine, and Organobismuthine Chain-Transfer AgentsShigeru Yamago*View Author Information Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 11, 5051–5068Publication Date (Web):August 28, 2009Publication History Received31 March 2009Published online28 August 2009Published inissue 11 November 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9001269https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9001269review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7484Altmetric-Citations402LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Monomers,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts