gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of primary and secondary autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions by murine alphafetoprotein. (1982)

The relatively strong proliferative responses that result from the co-culture of responder T and stimulator non-T cell populations separated from the lymphoid tissues of genetically identical mice have been termed autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR). These responses are believed to reflect the normal existence of self reactive T lymphocyte clones which are prevented from establishing pathological autoimmune processes in vivo by the presence of effective regulatory mechanisms. Neonatal thymocytes belonging to the Lyt 1+23-T cell subset are shown here to possess an exceptionally efficient capacity to respond against non-T Ia+ spleen cells from adult mice of the same inbred strain. Moreover, AMLR-primed neonatal thymocytes can be restimulated to give a response with the magnitude and kinetics characteristic of a secondary MLR. Murine AFP, which has been previously demonstrated to exert highly selective immunoregulatory effects on allogeneic MLR, is shown here to be capable of essentially abrogating primary and secondary AMLRs in concentrations that can be considered physiological with respect to the endogenous serum AFP levels in the fetus and newborn. Purified AFP isolates of human and rat origin were also demonstrated to have significant inhibitory effects on the murine AMLR. We therefore suggest that endogenous levels of AFP in the fetus and newborn may play an important role in the control of autoreactive lymphocyte functions. Consistent with this idea is the finding that neonatal thymocyte AMLR activity disappears with increasing age in parallel with normal physiological decay in serum AFP levels.
New algorithm for computation of DCT through pyramidal addition (2005)

Associative Processors can perform parallel operations in massive scale because of which they are found to be efficient for video coding. Due to the inherent nature of the architecture, performing DCT becomes computationally intensive. To overcome this drawback, multiple DCTs are performed in parallel. This approach results in huge data traffic as it is performed for multiple blocks of video data. In this paper we present a new approach to perform DCT on associative processor. In this approach we make use of the shape of DCT basis vectors to extract parallelism. Such an approach reduces both the average number of cycles and the data traffic involved in video coding. Further, the video coding can be performed on Macro block basis thereby reducing a huge number of redundant operations.
Polysaccharide Krestin Enhances Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity and mRNA Expression in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages (2000)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an inductive antioxidant enzyme, can protect cells from oxidative injury to the mitochondria. The elevation of MnSOD activity in cells can effectively prevent many diseases associated with oxidative stress. Polysaccharide Krestin (PSK), a kind of protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from Coriolus versicolor, is used as an immune response modifier in anti-tumor therapy. We have previously found that PSK could alleviate the oxidative injury that oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) brought to monocytes/macrophages, and therefore had some preventive or therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis. In order to find out if the effects of PSK were associated with the alteration ofantioxidant enzymes, we investigated its effect on MnSOD activity and gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results showed that PSK could enhance SOD activity and increase the contents ofMnSOD mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, the induction of MnSOD by PSK could be blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D.
Large thermoelectric figure of merit at high temperature in Czochralski-grown clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30 (2006)

The Czochralski method was used to grow a 46-mm-long crystal of the Ba8Ga16Ge30 clathrate, which was cut into disks that were evaluated for thermoelectric performance. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical and thermal conductivities all showed evidence of a transition from extrinsic to intrinsic behavior in the range of 600–900K. The corresponding figure of merit (ZT) was found to be a record high of 1.35 at 900K and with an extrapolated maximum of 1.63 at 1100K. This makes the Ba8Ga16Ge30 clathrate an exceptionally strong candidate for medium and high-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Physiologic remodeling annuloplasty to retain the shape of the anterior leaflet: a new concept in mitral valve repair. (1997)

Physiologic remodeling annuloplasty to retain the natural shape of the anterior leaflet by using an adjustable obturator is a very useful technique that enables annuloplasty to be performed in all cases, irrespective of the shape of the anterior leaflet.
Spontaneous programmed cell death of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected persons is decreased with interleukin-15 (2000)

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is an important regulatory cytokine in cellular immunity. In vitro replacement of IL-15 has been shown to enhance immunity in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected lymphocytes. We evaluated the effect of IL-15 on the survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV patients by examining in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis, and correlated the process with Bcl-2 and Fas gene regulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 21 HIV-infected adults and 24 HIV-seronegative healthy individuals were isolated and cultured to determine the effect of escalating doses of IL-15 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/mL) on apoptosis. Lymphocyte proliferation assay with (3H) TdR was measured and Bcl-2 and Fas gene regulation was observed. The results were as follows: 1) IL-15 reduced culture induced lymphocyte apoptosis in HIV patients in a dose dependent manner, and reached a plateau level at a concentration of 100 ng/ml; 2) IL-15 significantly reduced the level of apoptosis after 3 days (14%) and 5 days (15%) of culture in HIV patients, while no difference was observed in HIV (-) donors; 3) The percentage of viable cells among the total number of lymphocytes was significantly enhanced by 25% in HIV patients with IL-15; 4) Bcl-2 expression was decreased in HIV patients (53.9 +/- 12.3%) compared to HIV (-) donors (93.0 +/- 3.7%), and IL-15 increased Bcl-2 expression by 21.2 +/- 5.2% in HIV patients; 5) Fas expression was increased in HIV patients (70.2 +/- 4.6%) compared to HIV (-) donors (32.4 +/- 4.3%), and IL-15 increased Fas expression by 8.4 +/- 1.2% in HIV (-) donors. Our findings indicate that IL-15 may influence immunologic abnormalities in HIV infection, particularly its ability to prevent apoptosis of lymphocytes by suppressing the down-modulation of Bcl-2. This may provide an experimental basis for IL-15 immunotherapy.
Decreased Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Failing Human Myocardium After Mechanical Circulatory Support (1999)

These data show for the first time that chronic mechanical circulatory assistance decreases TNF-alpha content in failing myocardium; furthermore, we suggest that the magnitude of the change may predict which patients will recover cardiac function.
Strong authentication in web proxies (2006)

In this paper we present a way to integrate web proxies with smart card based authentication systems.
Management of Plastic Bronchitis With Topical Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (2012)

Plastic bronchitis or cast bronchitis is a rare disease of unclear etiology characterized by formation of airway casts that can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction. There is currently limited data regarding optimal treatment of plastic bronchitis. Several therapies have been suggested, but recurrences are common and mortality remains high. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with refractory eosinophilic bronchial casts, unresponsive to low-dose systemic corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids, azithromycin, and dornase alfa, who was treated successfully and safely with direct instillation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to the obstructing casts during flexible bronchoscopy and inhaled tPA. Our case illustrates that the current therapy for plastic bronchitis remains inadequate. To our knowledge, this case is the first to show that direct instillation of tPA can be used safely for treatment of this disease. The use of tPA via direct administration into the airways during bronchoscopy and via a nebulizer appeared to be a safe and effective therapy for plastic bronchitis and should be considered early in the course of the disease to prevent complications of severe airway obstruction.
Evaluation of Rate-Based Adaptivity in Asynchronous Data Stream Joins (2005)

Continuous query systems are an intuitive way for users to access streaming data in large-scale scientific applications containing many hundreds of streams. A challenge in these systems is to join streams in such a way that memory is conserved. Storing events that could not possibly participate in a join any longer wastes memory and limits scalability of the query processing system. This paper reports an experiment we conducted to validate an algorithm we developed for adaptive rate, adjustable join windows. We posit that a rate-based strategy can result in memory savings, can be sufficiently responsive to rapid changes in stream rates, and can execute with suitably low overhead. Based on the results, we conclude that the algorithm adds between 0.007% and 2.6% overhead, with significant gains in memory utilization possible depending on the particular workload.
Catalytic oxidation of lignite to carboxylic acids by molecular oxygen in an aqueous FeCl3 solution (2017)

Carboxylic acids (CAs) are important chemicals widely used in industrial manufacturing. They can be produced with high yields from O2 oxidation of lignite and the process is regarded promising in the future. However, current methods for the process consume a large amount of mineral alkali and acids, or involve catalysts that are harmful to environment and human beings, and require high temperatures. In this work, we have screened various catalysts and found an iron-based catalyst (FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3) to be beneficial for the process. The products include formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid and benzene carboxylic acids (BCAs, including 12 types). The effects of FeCl3 concentration, H2SO4 concentration, reaction temperature, initial O2 pressure and reaction time on lignite conversion and CAs yield are studied. It is found that H2SO4 can change the catalytic activity of FeCl3 resulting in a synergistic effect for CAs production. In the oxidation process, Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ by lignite while O2 reoxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ to form a redox cycle. The catalyst can be reused without significant decline in activity. The method developed in this work requires no alkali and consumes little H2SO4, and is environmentally benign.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs (2015)

The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs), which emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered Lewis acids and bases, has prompted a great deal of recent activity. Perhaps the most remarkable consequence has been the development of FLP catalysts for the hydrogenation of a range of organic substrates. In the past 9 years, the substrate scope has evolved from bulky polar species to include a wide range of unsaturated organic molecules. In addition, effective stereoselective metal-free hydrogenation catalysts have begun to emerge. The mechanism of this activation of H2 has been explored, and the nature and range of Lewis acid/base combinations capable of effecting such activation have also expanded to include a variety of non-metal species. The reactivity of FLPs with a variety of other small molecules, including olefins, alkynes, and a range of element oxides, has also been developed. Although much of this latter chemistry has uncovered unique stoichiometric transformations, metal-free catalytic hydroamination, CO2 reduction chemistry, and applications in polymerization have also been achieved. The concept is also beginning to find applications in bioinorganic and materials chemistry as well as heterogeneous catalysis. This Perspective highlights many of these developments and discusses the relationship between FLPs and established chemistry. Some of the directions and developments that are likely to emerge from FLP chemistry in the future are also presented.
Using Probabilistic Unsupervised Neural Method for Lithofacies Identification (2005)

Abstract: This paper presents a probabilistic unsupervised neural method in order to construct the lithofacies of the wells HM2 and HM3 situated in the south of Algeria (Sahara). Our objective is to facilitate the experts &apos; work in geological domain and to allow them to obtain the structure and the nature of lands around the drilling quickly. For this, we propose the use of the Self-Organized Map (SOM) of Kohonen. We introduce a set of labeled log’s data in some points of the hole. Once the obtained map is the best deployed one (the neuronal network is well adapted to the data of the wells), a probabilistic formalism is introduced to enhance the classification process. Our system provides a lithofacies of the concerned hole in an aspect easy to read by a geology expert who identifies the potential for oil production at a given source and so forms the basis for estimating the financial returns and economic benefits. The obtained results show that the approach is robust and effective.
Tenth District banking conditions: 1987 - a year of transition (1988)

Banks and banking; Federal Reserve District, 10th
Sulfoxides from Thioethers and MnO<sub>2</sub>-HCl (1994)

Abstract Treatment of thioethers with manganese(IV)oxide-35% aqueous hydrogen chloride in methanol gives sulfoxides in high yields; sulfones are not produced
An Infant-associated Bacterial Commensal Utilizes Breast Milk Sialyloligosaccharides (2011)

Lactating mothers secrete milk sialyloligosaccharides (MSOs) that function as anti-adhesives once provided to the neonate. Particular infant-associated commensals, such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, consume neutral milk oligosaccharides, although their ability to utilize acidic oligosaccharides has not been assessed. Temporal glycoprofiling of acidic HMO consumed during fermentation demonstrated a single composition, with several isomers, corresponding to sialylated lacto-N-tetraose. To utilize MSO, B. longum subsp. infantis deploys a sialidase that cleaves α2-6 and α2-3 linkages. NanH2, encoded within the HMO catabolic cluster is up-regulated during HMO fermentation and is active on sialylated lacto-N-tetraose. These results demonstrate that commensal microorganisms do utilize MSO, a substrate that may be enriched in the distal gastrointestinal tract.
Nitrogen plasma annealing for low temperature Ta2O5 films (1998)

A low temperature oxygen/nitrogen plasma process is reported that substantially reduces leakage currents in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) and physical vapor deposited (PVD) films of tantalum oxide. We show that a combination of nitrogen and oxygen in a remote downstream microwave plasma source reduces leakage currents in CVD films of tantalum oxide and also reduces trap densities as measured by charge pumping. The as deposited CVD films show a high level of photoluminescence that is substantially lowered by the plasma anneal due to a reduction in the density of midgap states. For films deposited by PVD in the thickness range of 100 nm we find low leakage currents with a substantial improvement from the introduction of nitrogen into the plasma. However, PVD films in the thickness range of 20 nm show larger relative leakage currents and less of an improvement from the addition of nitrogen. The role of nitrogen in lowering leakage currents and charge trapping is thought to occur from a reduction in the density of bulk trap states in the oxide due to partial incorporation of nitrogen in the oxide. Both of these low temperature deposition and annealing processes are compatible with integration into the upper levels of metallization for high density circuits.
Trisomy for the Down syndrome ‘critical region’ is necessary but not sufficient for brain phenotypes of trisomic mice (2007)

Trisomic Ts65Dn mice show direct parallels with many phenotypes of Down syndrome (DS), including effects on the structure of cerebellum and hippocampus. A small segment of Hsa21 known as the 'DS critical region' (DSCR) has been held to contain a gene or genes sufficient to cause impairment in learning and memory tasks involving the hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, we developed Ts1Rhr and Ms1Rhr mouse models that are, respectively, trisomic and monosomic for this region. Here, we show that trisomy for the DSCR alone is not sufficient to produce the structural and functional features of hippocampal impairment that are seen in the Ts65Dn mouse and DS. However, when the critical region is returned to normal dosage in trisomic Ms1Rhr/Ts65Dn mice, performance in the Morris water maze is identical to euploid, demonstrating that this region is necessary for the phenotype. Thus, although the prediction of the critical region hypothesis was disproved, novel gene dosage effects were identified, which help to define how trisomy for this segment of the chromosome contributes to phenotypes of DS.
Propagation of gamma rays and production of free electrons in air (2012)

This paper is devoted to the analysis of production of free electrons in air by gamma-rays leaking from radioactive materials. A model based on the Klein-Nishina scattering theory is used to calculate scattering cross sections and approximate the electron production rate. The model includes the effects of primary gamma-quanta radiated by the source as well as that scattered in air. Comparison of the model with the mcnpx kinetic code (http://mcnpx.lanl.gov/) in a sample problem shows excellent agreement. The motivation for this research comes from the recently proposed concept of remote detection of concealed radioactive materials [V. L. Granatstein and G. S. Nusinovich, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 063304 (2010)]. The concept is based on the breakdown in air at the focal point of a high-power beam of electromagnetic waves produced by a THz gyrotron with a 10-20 μs pulse. The presence of a radioactive material can greatly exceed the production rate of free electrons over the natural background rate. Additional electrons act as seeds to initiate the breakdown and create sufficiently dense plasma at the focal region. The dense plasma can then be remotely detected as an unambiguous effect of the concealed radioactive material.
Statistical prediction of task execution times through analytic benchmarking for scheduling in a heterogeneous environment (2003)

In this paper a method for estimating task execution times is presented, in order to facilitate dynamic scheduling in a heterogeneous metacomputing environment. Execution time is treated as a random variable and is statistically estimated from past observations. This method predicts the execution time as a function of several parameters of the input data, and does not require any direct information about the algorithms used by the tasks or the architecture of the machines. Techniques based upon the concept of analytic benchmarking/code profiling are used to accurately determine the performance differences between machines, allowing observations to be shared between machines. Experimental results using real data are presented.
Disabling surveillance: bacterial type III secretion system effectors that suppress innate immunity (2004)

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals are dependent on a type III protein secretion system (TTSS). TTSSs translocate effector proteins into host cells and are capable of modifying signal transduction pathways. The innate immune system of eukaryotes detects the presence of pathogens using specific pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Plant PRRs include the FLS2 receptor kinase and resistance proteins. Animal PRRs include Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins. PRRs initiate signal transduction pathways that include mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades that activate defence-related transcription factors. This results in induction of proinflammatory cytokines in animals, and hallmarks of defence in plants including the hypersensitive response, callose deposition and the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. Several type III effectors from animal and plant pathogens have evolved to counteract innate immunity. For example, the Yersinia YopJ/P cysteine protease and the Pseudomonas syringae HopPtoD2 protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibits defence-related MAPK kinase activity in animals and plants respectively. Thus, type III effectors can suppress signal transduction pathways activated by PRR surveillance systems. Understanding targets and activities of type III effectors will reveal much about bacterial pathogenicity and the innate immune system in plants and animals.
BOTH INHERITED HLA-HAPILOTYPES ARE IMPORTANT IN THE PREDISPOSITION TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1993)

The distribution of the HLA-DR allele frequencies of 105 RA patients has been compared with the expected distribution under recessive and dominant modes of inheritance using control data from 2041 controls and the antigen genotype frequency among patients methodology. The observed distribution was compatible with a recessive mode of HLA-linked inheritance in RA, with a dominant mode rejected, whether HLA-DR4 was considered alone, or HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1 were combined as if they were behaving as a single predisposing gene. Mean sibship concordance rates (MSCRs) were calculated for categories of proband HLA-DR genotypes. The highest MSCR was for HLA-DR4 homozygous probands, and the lowest for HLA-DR2 or 7/non-4 genotypes. These combined observations suggest that interactions between both inherited HLA-haplotypes are important in the predisposition to RA.
Segregation of Sister Chromatids in Mammalian Cells (1966)

Segregation of sister chromatids in embryonic mouse cells in primary tissue culture is not random. In mitosis those chromatids replicated on a DNA template synthesized during the preceding division cycle are separated from those constructed on a template synthesized two division cycles previously. Segregation in cells of the Chinese hamster follows a similar, but less pronounced, pattern.
Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship of Some New β‐Blocking Agents with Possible α‐Adrenoreceptor Activity (1990)

A series of new phenoxypropanolamines with cyclic guanidine and isothiourea moieties has been prepared and investigated for non-specific beta- and alpha-adrenoreceptor activity by receptor binding experiments on crude rat brain membrane. Some of them [9a, 10c] possess affinity for both beta- and alpha-adrenoreceptors.
The detection of human T cell leukemia virus proviral DNA and its application for classification and diagnosis of T cell malignancy (1984)

Adult T cell leukemia virus (HTLV or ATLV) proviral DNA integrated in the cellular DNA was examined by a modified Southern blotting method in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and/or lymph node cells from 61 patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and other hematologic diseases. Serum antibodies against ATL-associated antigens (ATLA) were also examined. The presence of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) proviral DNA was confirmed in all 20 patients with overt ATL and in 3 patients with T cell malignant lymphoma, who were seropositive but did not show clinical features characteristic of prototypic ATL. However, it was not detected in 6 antibody-positive healthy individuals and 8 seropositive patients with various hematologic disorders. Thus, the detection of proviral DNA by the method described here seems to be useful for the diagnosis of ATL in the endemic area and may provide a powerful tool for the classification of T cell malignancies.