gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes for two autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease assigned to 1q25 (NCF2) and 7q11.23 (NCF1). (1990)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of impaired superoxide production in phagocytes. The most common X-linked recessive form involves the CYBB locus in band Xp21.1 that encodes the membrane-bound beta subunit of the cytochrome b558 complex. Two autosomal recessive forms of CGD result from defects in cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system, p47phox (NCF1) and p67phox (NCF2). By using human cDNA probes we have mapped the genes for these proteins to chromosomal sites. The combined data from Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines and chromosomal in situ hybridization localize NCF1 to 7q11.23 and NCF2 to band 1q25. The NCF1 localization corrects an erroneous preliminary assignment to chromosome 10. In the mouse, the locus corresponding to NCF2 (Ncf-2) was mapped with somatic cell hybrid panels and recombinant inbred strains to mouse chromosome 1 near Xmv-21 within a region of conserved homology with human chromosome 1 region q21-q32. A second site, probably a processed pseudogene, was identified on mouse chromosome 13.
Identification of a putative voltage‐gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel as a key regulator of elicitor‐induced hypersensitive cell death and mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation in rice (2005)

Elicitor-triggered transient membrane potential changes and Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane are thought to be important during defense signaling in plants. However, the molecular bases for the Ca2+ influx and its regulation remain largely unknown. Here we tested effects of overexpression as well as retrotransposon (Tos17)-insertional mutagenesis of the rice two-pore channel 1 (OsTPC1), a putative voltage-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, on a proteinaceous fungal elicitor-induced defense responses in rice cells. The overexpressor showed enhanced sensitivity to the elicitor to induce oxidative burst, activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), OsMPK2, as well as hypersensitive cell death. On the contrary, a series of defense responses including the cell death and activation of the MAPK were severely suppressed in the insertional mutant, which was complemented by overexpression of the wild-type gene. These results suggest that the putative Ca(2+)-permeable channel determines sensitivity to the elicitor and plays a role as a key regulator of elicitor-induced defense responses, activation of MAPK cascade and hypersensitive cell death.
Cell signaling through membrane mucins (2002)

MUC1 and MUC4 are the two membrane mucins that have been best characterized. Although they have superficially similar structures and have both been shown to provide steric protection of epithelial surfaces, recent studies have also implicated them in cellular signaling. They act by substantially different mechanisms, MUC4 as a receptor ligand and MUC1 as a docking protein for signaling molecules. MUC4 is a novel intramembrane ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2/HER2/Neu, triggering a specific phosphorylation of the ErbB2 in the absence of other ErbB ligands and potentiating phosphorylation and signaling through the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimeric receptor complex formed in the presence of neuregulin. In contrast, MUC1 has a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail, which binds beta-catenin, a key component of adherens junctions and a regulator of transcription, in a process that is tightly regulated by MUC1 phosphorylation. The specific localization of these membrane mucins to the apical surfaces of epithelial cells suggests that their signaling functions may be important as sensor mechanisms in response to invasion or damage of epithelia.
Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice (2008)

In the past few years, inflammation has emerged as a major driving force of atherosclerotic lesion development. It is now well-established that from early lesion to vulnerable plaque formation, numerous cellular and molecular inflammatory components participate in the disease process. The most prominent cells that invade in evolving lesions are monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Both cell types produce a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines) which are critically important in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. This review summarizes the currently available information from mouse studies on the contribution of a specified group of cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, viz. interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-20) and macrophage-associated cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF); interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); colony stimulating factors G-CSF,-M-CSF,-GM-CSF) to atherogenesis. Emphasis is put on the consistency of the effects of these cytokines, i.e. inasmuch an effect depends on the experimental approach applied (overexpression/deletion, strain, gender, dietary conditions, and disease stage). An important outcome of this survey is (i) that only for a few cytokines there is sufficient consistent data allowing classifying them as typically proatherogenic (IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, MIF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and M-CSF) or antiatherogenic (IL-10) and (ii) that some cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and GM-CSF) can exert pro- or anti-atherogenic effects depending on the experimental conditions. This knowledge can be used for improved early detection, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
The BANG file: A new kind of grid file (1987)

A new multi-dimensional file structure has been developed in the course of a project to devise ways of improving the support for interactive queries to database and knowledge bases. Christened the 'BANG' file - a Balanced And Nested Grid - the new structure is of the 'grid file' type, but is fundamentally different from previous grid file designs in that it does not share their common underlying properties. It has a tree-structured directory which has the self-balancing property of a B-tree and which, in contrast to previous designs, always expands at the same rate as the data, whatever the form of the data distribution. Its partitioning strategy both accurately reflects the clustering of points in the data space, and is flexible enough to adapt gracefully to changes in the distribution.
Laboratory histopathology : a complete reference (1994)

SECTION I PRECAUTIONS, HAZARDS and LABORATORY SAFETY: General Aspects. Safety in the Histopathology Laboratory SECTION II INSTRUMENTATION: Light Microscope. Electron Microscope SECTION III LABORATORY ADMINISTRATION and SPECIMEN MANAGEMENT: Laboratory Management Information Systems. Specimen Collection and Handling Techniques SECTION IV TISSUE and SECTION PREPARATION: Fixation. Tissue Processing. Resin Embedding (For Light Microscopy). Microtomy. Rapid Techniques and Their Application SECTION V DYES and REGULAR STAINING PROCEDURES: Dyes and Mechanisms of Staining. Haematoxylins and Counterstains. Mountants SECTION VI PROCEDURES for SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES: Amyloid. Cytoplasmic Organelles, Secretory Granules. Lipids. Metachromasia. Micro-Organisms. Mucin Histochemistry. Nucleic Acids. Pigments and Minerals. Silver Impregnation SECTION VII PROCEDURES for SPECIFIC TISSUES: Connective Tissues. Bone. Neuroendocrine Tissues. Neuromuscular Tissue SECTION VIII METHODS for TISSUE MARKERS and PRODUCTS: Immunopathology. Lectin Histochemistry. Enzyme Histochemistry. Autoradiography. Molecular Biotechniques SECTION IX TRANSMISSION and SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: Tissue Preparation. Specialised Techniques. Diagnostic and Other Applications SECTION X CYTOPATHOLOGY: Cytopreparatory Techniques. Screening. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology SECTION XI IMAGE INTERPRETATION and ANALYSIS: Artefacts. Morphology and Image Analysis SECTION XII COLLECTION and EXHIBITION of TISSUES: Autopsy Procedures. Forms of Tissue Display /
PCR Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2010)

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis relies on culture-based methods, which lack sensitivity and delay diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based methods to detect Candida spp. directly in blood samples. We searched electronic databases for prospective or retrospective cohort and case-control studies. Two reviewers abstracted data independently. Meta-analysis was performed using a hierarchical logistic regression model. Random-effects metaregression was performed to assess the effects of study methods and infection characteristics on sensitivity or specificity values. We included 54 studies with 4,694 patients, 963 of whom had proven/probable or possible IC. Perfect (100%) sensitivity and specificity for PCR in whole-blood samples was observed when patients with cases had candidemia and controls were healthy people. When PCR was performed to evaluate patients with suspected invasive candidiasis, the pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of candidemia was 0.95 (confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.98) and the pooled specificity was 0.92 (0.88 to 0.95). A specificity of >90% was maintained in several analyses considering different control groups. The use of whole-blood samples, rRNA, or P450 gene targets and a PCR detection limit of ≤ 10 CFU/ml were associated with improved test performance. PCR positivity rates among patients with proven or probable IC were 85% (78 to 91%), while blood cultures were positive for 38% (29 to 46%). We conclude that direct PCR using blood samples had good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of IC and offers an attractive method for early diagnosis of specific Candida spp. Its effects on clinical outcomes should be investigated.
In Vivo Effects of Pokeweed Mitogen on Mouse Spleen Cells (1970)

The intravenous injection of PWM to mice produced in vivo changes in the spleen similar to those produced by intravenous injection of PHA. These changes were a marked increase in the weight of the spleen, along with an increase in the number of nucleated cells, lymphoblasts, and mitotic figures. In addition, PWM also produced a marked increase in the total number of plasma cells. However, these cells did not appear in the peripheral blood, and the effect of PWM on it was limited to a transient leukopenia.
Compensation of cross-phase modulation in 10-Gbit/s WDM systems by interfering channel prechirp (2002)

Summary form only given. The use of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical amplification as a method of increasing the information capacity and/or reach in optical fiber systems has led to significant propagation impairments as a result of fiber nonlinearity. Important nonlinear effects causing interchannel crosstalk in WDM systems are four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross phase modulation (XPM). FWM can be managed by increasing the system dispersion or by using unequal channel spacing. Neither of these approaches, however, decrease the system impairment due to XPM. We demonstrate a novel technique that can compensate XPM by prechirping the signal channel with a filtered version of an interfering WDM channel at the transmitter.
Glucose Regulates in Vivo Glucose-6-phosphatase Gene Expression in the Liver of Diabetic Rats (1996)

Overproduction of glucose by the liver is the major cause of fasting hyperglycemia in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The distal enzymatic step in the process of glucose output is catalyzed by the glucose-6-phosphatase complex. We show here that 90% partially pancreatectomized diabetic rats have a >5-fold increase in the messenger RNA and a 3-4-fold increase in the protein level of the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver. Normalization of the plasma glucose concentration in diabetic rats with either insulin or the glycosuric agent phlorizin normalized the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase messenger RNA and protein within approximately 8 h. Conversely, phlorizin failed to decrease hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression in diabetic rats when the fall in the plasma glucose concentration was prevented by glucose infusion. These data indicate that in vivo gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase in the diabetic liver is regulated by glucose independently from insulin, and thus prolonged hyperglycemia may result in overproduction of glucose via increased expression of this protein.
Spontaneous Registration of Sub-10 nm Features Based on Subzero Celsius Spin-Casting of Self-Assembling Building Blocks Directed by Chemically Encoded Surfaces (2018)

For low-cost and facile fabrication of innovative nanoscale devices with outstanding functionality and performance, it is critical to develop more practical patterning solutions that are applicable to a wide range of materials and feature sizes while minimizing detrimental effects by processing conditions. In this study, we report that area-selective sub-10 nm pattern formation can be realized by temperature-controlled spin-casting of block copolymers (BCPs) combined with submicron-scale-patterned chemical surfaces. Compared to conventional room-temperature spin-casting, the low temperature ( e.g., -5 °C) casting of the BCP solution on the patterned self-assembled monolayer achieved substantially improved area selectivity and uniformity, which can be explained by optimized solvent evaporation kinetics during the last stage of film formation. Moreover, the application of cold spin-casting can also provide high-yield in situ patterning of light-emitting CdSe/ZnS quantum dot thin films, indicating that this temperature-optimized spin-casting strategy would be highly effective for tailored patterning of diverse organic and hybrid materials in solution phase.
Introducing HIT Spherical Robot: Dynamic Modeling and Analysis Based on Decoupled Subsystem (2006)

HIT spherical robot has been designed on the principle of carrying out the turning and driving motions independently in order to reduce dynamic complexity and realize real-time detection. After introducing the decoupling principle implemented in the working processing, we derive the dynamic equations about the two fundamental motions, i.e., rolling and turning. Hardware and software of the open-loop control system are introduced briefly and, in the following, experiments show that the robot can fulfill common exploration applying the proposed decoupling method.
Formation of fatty acid propyl esters in liver, lung and pancreas of rats administered 1-propanol. (1993)

The esterification of fatty acids by ethanol has been associated with a number of adverse reactions. In this study, the administration of 1-propanol (3 ml/kg 24 and 12 hours prior to measurements) to rats resulted in the formation of fatty acid propyl esters of oleic acid, lauric acid and to a lesser extent, palmitic acid and myristic acid. Formation was highest in liver and pancreas and was lower in lung.
Design and development of pulse oximeter (2002)

A pulse oximeter is a medical electronic instrument that measures the oxygen saturation (SaO/sub 2/) of arterial blood and pulse rate by non-invasive techniques. It enables prompt recognition of hypoxemia. In the transmittance type pulse oximeter that CSIO has developed, the absorption of light by oxygenated and reduced hemoglobin is measured at two wavelengths 660 nm (red) and 940 nm (infrared). At each wavelength, the light detected by the photodiode consists of a cardiac synchronous AC signal arising from arterial blood volume pulsations, superimposed on a DC level. The DC level depends on LED intensity, tissue absorption, path length, and detector sensitivity. The tissue absorption and path length may vary widely between individuals and probe site. The ratio of red and infrared signals after normalisation is calculated and is related to arterial oxygen saturation. The SaO/sub 2/ is finally calculated using the well known Mendelson and Kent equation which is derived based on Beer Lambert law. In CSlO's pulse oximeter, a Nellcor finger clip probe is employed. The system operates at 400 Hz which is locked with power line frequency. Constant current feedback circuits are employed for driving the LEDs in a particular sequence. The detector output is given to sample and hold circuits for demultiplexing the three signals namely red, ambient and infrared. Our oximeter has provision for high and low alarm settings of SaO/sub 2/ from 50% to 100% and pulse rate setting from 30 BPM to 250 BPM. It also gives alarm conditions if the probe is accidentally disconnected from the finger. The SaO/sub 2/ is correctly measured in the range of 65 to 100% within /spl plusmn/2% accuracy and pulse rate within /spl plusmn/3 bpm.
Cellular Localization of the Prohormone Convertases in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei: Selective Regulation of PC1 in Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Parvocellular Neurons Mediated by Glucocorticoids (1997)

The prohormone convertases (PCs) are processing enzymes that activate proproteins via cleavage at specific single or pairs of basic residues. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) are primary sites of biosynthesis of several neuroendocrine hormone precursors, including provasopressin (pro-AVP), pro-oxytocin (pro-OT), and procorticotrophin-releasing hormone (pro-CRH), which require post-translational processing to yield active products. Using in situ hybridization, we observed PC1 and PC5 mRNAs in PVN and SON magnocellular neurons, while PC2 mRNA was observed in both magnocellular and parvocellular PVN neurons as well as magnocellular SON neurons. Similar to furin, PC7 mRNA was expressed throughout the PVN and SON, whereas PACE4 mRNA levels were undetectable. Both immunohistochemical and Western blot studies were performed to demonstrate the presence of PC proteins and forms in the PVN and SON. Using double-labeling in situ hybridization, we examined the cellular colocalization of each PC mRNA with pro-AVP, pro-OT, and pro-CRH mRNAs in PVN and SON. PC1 mRNA was colocalized with both AVP and OT mRNA in PVN and SON magnocellular neurons. All AVP, OT, and CRH neurons expressed PC2. In contrast, PC5 mRNA was colocalized only with OT mRNA. We examined the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) on PVN PC mRNA levels. PC1 mRNA levels were increased selectively within CRH/AVP parvocellular neurons but were unchanged in PVN magnocellular AVP or OT neurons. These results established the anatomical organization of each convertase and proneuropeptide substrates in the PVN and SON and suggested potential roles for each enzyme under resting and stimulated conditions.
Decision support systems to manage outcomes. (2003)

It is essential that outcomes are evaluated and actions are taken to resolve problematic decision support issues. Many organizations are planning a transition to clinical information systems that will have data repositories and integrated databases within their systems. These transitions take years to complete, and systems must be put into place to collect data and report outcomes during the interim period. Careful and strategic planning is important so that the most effective use of existing technology and the most appropriate systems are implemented to manage outcomes. Multidisciplinary teams that use the most efficient technologic approaches will best meet the challenge to provide the most cost-effective care with the best quality outcomes.
An Ensemble Random Forest Algorithm for Insurance Big Data Analysis (2017)

Due to the imbalanced distribution of business data, missing user features, and many other reasons, directly using big data techniques on realistic business data tends to deviate from the business goals. It is difficult to model the insurance business data by classification algorithms, such as logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM). In this paper, we exploit a heuristic bootstrap sampling approach combined with the ensemble learning algorithm on the large-scale insurance business data mining, and propose an ensemble random forest algorithm that uses the parallel computing capability and memory-cache mechanism optimized by Spark. We collected the insurance business data from China Life Insurance Company to analyze the potential customers using the proposed algorithm. We use F-Measure and G-mean to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Experiment result shows that the ensemble random forest algorithm outperformed SVM and other classification algorithms in both performance and accuracy within the imbalanced data, and it is useful for improving the accuracy of product marketing compared to the traditional artificial approach.
The Rewarding Aspects of Music Listening Are Related to Degree of Emotional Arousal (2009)

These results have broader implications by demonstrating that strongly felt emotions could be rewarding in themselves in the absence of a physically tangible reward or a specific functional goal.
Evaluation of a perspective based review method applied in an industrial setting (2003)

Inspections are an important means for developing high quality software. The effects of using a perspective based review method with a testing perspective (PBRM(T)) on requirements specifications have been evaluated in an industrial project. PBRM(T) was employed and compared to the normal checklist-based review method (CBRM) which was used earlier in the project. The effects studied were the effectiveness, the efficiency and the number of system faults related to requirements specifications knowledge. Inspection data from CBRM and PBRM(T) were analysed and compared. Problem report data were also analysed and a small survey was used for evaluation of the two methods. PBRM(T) showed an effectiveness of 0.3 faults found per requirement compared with 0.05 with CBRM, or 2.4 faults found per page compared with 0.5 with CBRM in the case study. The efficiency with PBRM(T) was 1.9 faults found per hour compared with 1.2 with CBRM. The engineers expressed that they gained a greater increase in system knowledge when using PBRM(T) compared with CBRM. However, it is not possible in the case study to judge the causality of the effect. The paper indicates that the use of an active review method, such as PBRM(T), yields both a higher effectiveness and efficiency compared with a passive method, such as CBRM, when reviewing requirements specifications.
Radiation dose in abdominal computed tomography: the role of patient size and the selection of tube current. (2006)

To produce CT scans of similar quality, a simple prediction equation can be developed for any scanner to optimize radiation dose for patients of all body weights.