gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The watermark template attack (2001)

This paper presents a new attack, called the watermark template attach, for watermarked images. In contrast to the Stirmark benchmark, this attack does not severely reduce the quality of the image. This attack maintains, therefore, the commercial value of the watermarked image. In contrast to previous approaches, it is not the aim of the attack to change the statistics of embedded watermarks fooling the detection process but to utilize specific concepts that have been recently developed for more robust watermarking schemes. The attack estimates the corresponding template points in the FFT domain and then removes them using local interpolation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack showing different test cases that have been watermarked with commercial available watermark products. The approach presented is not limited to the FFT domain. Other transformation domains may be also exploited by very similar variants of the described attack.
Sull'omissione legislativa come ipotesi di controllo del politico. Profili teorico-giuridici e comparati (2006)

La questione del controllo di costituzionalità delle leggi si traduce anche in una salvaguardia non solo della sovranità dello Stato, ma proprio del rapporto tra poteri costituiti e di come questi ultimi interagiscano quali emanazione della sovranità popolare. Si tratta di un problema rilevante e centrale nell’ambito della teoria dell’interpretazione, ma non si può trascurare il fatto secondo cui proprio il controllo di costituzionalità si ricolleghi al ruolo del politico nel consolidare i principi costituzionali, condizione questa che è effettiva, solo quando appunto il potere politico attui la Costituzione nelle sue linee programmatiche e nei suoi fondamenti assiologici. \n In fondo il ricorso alla giurisdizione costituzionale rende certa la natura del diritto, se la si intende quale tipizzazione, nel modo in cui venne interpretata da Georg Jellinek: concetto questo a cui l’autore tedesco contrapponeva l’individuazione di una empiricità emergente, in via induttiva, attraverso la comparazione. Si è così cercato in questo studio di enucleare, partendo proprio dal particolare, un valore empirico universale della giurisdizione costituzionale: valore che si ritiene essere quel controllo in realtà diretto – attraverso l’opera ermeneutica esercitata dalla giurisdizione costituzionale che sindaca l’illegittimità costituzionale di una norma per affermare il principio di applicazione della legalità alla legislazione, con il fine di tutelare la Costituzione nei suoi principi fondamentali –, ad arginare e quasi a “sospendere” il politico nella sua funzione legislativa ed esecutiva. Se infatti non si presuppone un tale tipo di controllo (in questa sede inteso anche come Steuerung, cioè “guida, comando”), che può divenire, per esempio in Brasile, una sorta di impulso nei confronti del politico affinché attui la Costituzione, la stessa carta costituzionale rischierebbe di perdere la sua qualità di Staatsgrundbegriff, fondante l’ordinamento giuridico dello Stato; ordinamento che è valido, nei suoi profili politici, solo nel rispetto della legittimità della Costituzione. Per tale ragione e con finalità epistemologiche, non soltanto teorico-generali, ma anche di approccio metodologico al diritto costituzionale, italiano e comparato, si è proceduto nel corso dell’indagine sul concetto di omissione legislativa.
Molecular Approaches to Improve the Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Toxins (2014)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive spore-forming soil bacterium that is distributed worldwide. Originally recognized as a pathogen of the silkworm, several strains were found on epizootic events in insect pests. In the 1960s, Bt began to be successfully used to control insect pests in agriculture, particularly because of its specificity, which reflects directly on their lack of cytotoxicity to human health, non-target organisms and the environment. Since the introduction of transgenic plants expressing Bt genes in the mid-1980s, numerous methodologies have been used to search for and improve toxins derived from native Bt strains. These improvements directly influence the increase in productivity and the decreased use of chemical insecticides on Bt-crops. Recently, DNA shuffling and in silico evaluations are emerging as promising tools for the development and exploration of mutant Bt toxins with enhanced activity against target insect pests. In this report, we describe natural and in vitro evolution of Cry toxins, as well as their relevance in the mechanism of action for insect control. Moreover, the use of DNA shuffling to improve two Bt toxins will be discussed together with in silico analyses of the generated mutations to evaluate their potential effect on protein structure and cytotoxicity.
Jacques Prentki 1920-2009 (2009)

J. Prentki (second from the left), in discussion with his colleagues. Jacques Prentki passed away at 3.00 a.m. on Sunday, 29 November at the age of 89. Jacques Prentki embodied everything that CERN's Theory Division stood for. He joined it at the very start of CERN in 1955 and remained there right to the end. He acted as a link between successive Division Leaders Feretti, Fierz and Van Hove before becoming an excellent and long-serving Division Leader himself. His research on hadron symmetries, first with Bernard D'Espagnat, was extremely important, and he played an instrumental role both within the Division and as the editor of Physics Letters and international conference proceedings. He was also in very close contact with the experimentalists, including his friends Charles Peyrou and Georges Charpak. He was renowned for his discernment in the field of physics and his remarkable judgement led many to seek his opinion before publishing their work. He was highly cultured with a deep interest in literature, history, music and, of course, science. We will remember him for his warmth and friendliness with everyone he met and for his genuine modesty. His colleagues and friends
Towards a new standard for system-level design (2000)

Huge new design challenges for system-on-chip (SoC) are the result of decreasing time-to-market coupled with rapidly increasing gate counts and embedded software representing 50-90 percent of the functionality. The exchange of system-level intellectual property (IP) models for creating executable specifications has become a key strategic element for efficient system-to-silicon design flows. Because C and C++ are the dominant languages used by chip architects, systems engineers and software engineers today, we believe that a C-based approach to hardware modeling is necessary. This will enable co-design, providing a more natural solution to partitioning functionality between hardware and software. In this paper we present the design of SystemC, a C++ class library that provides the necessary features for modeling design hierarchy, concurrency, and reactivity in hardware. We will also describe experiences of using SystemC 1) for the co-verification of 8051 processor with a bus-functional model and 2) for the modeling and simulation of an MPEG-2 video decoder.
Fully asynchronous, robust, high-throughput arithmetic structures (2002)

This paper presents some novel circuit designs for bit serial adders and multipliers built out of some unusual, but well-defined circuit primitives. The circuits are fully delay-insensitive, provide good reliability and speed, and are easily verified. The structures are flexible and handle inputs of arbitrary lengths while being asymptotically optimal in speed and area. The scaleability of these circuits makes them. Very attractive for applications such as RSA cryptosystems which need very large operands and fast multiplication.
Sequential Electrospray Analysis Using Sharp-Tip Channels Fabricated on a Plastic Chip (2001)

A disposible plastic (poly(methyl methacrylate)) chip containing eight open channels (375 μm in width, 300 μm in depth, 1.25 cm in length) capable of performing sequential electrospray analysis is described. The channels were constructed by simply cutting the plastic chip with a sharp knife. One end of each channel was fabricated to a sharp end, while the other was connected to a sample well. The high voltage required for electrospray was introduced into the sample solution (70% methanol/water) via a copper electrode inserted in the sample well. The solution in the sample well was continuously drawn to the sharp end of the channel by capillary action and by applying the electrospray voltage at the sample reservoir. A stable and fine Taylor cone was observed at the exit of the channel. Chemical modification on the surface of the channel was not required to decrease wettability. The octagonal plastic chip allowed sequential electrospray analyses of eight samples. The technique was also shown to be useful in rapidly determining active ingredient in a commercial tablet.
Identification of a Novel Membrane Transporter Associated with Intracellular Membranes by Phenotypic Complementation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

A partial mouse cDNA was isolated by its ability to functionally complement a thymidine transport deficiency in plasma membranes of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The full-length cDNA encoded a previously unidentified 27-kDa protein (mouse transporter protein (MTP)) with four predicted transmembrane-spanning domains. MTP mRNA was detected in cells of several mammalian species, and its predicted protein sequence exhibited near identity (98%) with that of a human cDNA (HUMORF13). MTP and its homologs evidently reside in an intracellular membrane compartment because a protein (about 24 kDa) that was recognized by MTP-specific antibodies was observed in a subcellular fraction of rat hepatocytes enriched for Golgi membranes. Deletion of the hydrophilic C terminus of MTP, which encompassed two putative signal motifs for intracellular localization (Tyr-X-X-hydrophobic amino acid), allowed expression of recombinant protein (MTP deltaC) in plasma membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes. MTP deltaC-expressing oocytes exhibited greater fragility than nonexpressing oocytes, and those that survived the experimental manipulations were capable of mediated uptake of thymidine, uridine, and adenosine. Thymidine uptake by MTP deltaC-expressing oocytes was inhibited by thymine and dTMP. MTP may function in the transport of nucleosides and/or nucleoside derivatives between the cytosol and the lumen of an intracellular membrane-bound compartment.
Exploring the relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction in aging men. (2002)

Normal sexual function is a biopsychosocial process; sexual dysfunction almost always has organic and psychological components and requires multidisciplinary, goal-directed evaluation and treatment. Factors such as aging, declining testosterone levels, medical illness, certain medications. and comorbid depressive illness can contribute to sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is one of the more common male sexual dysfunctions encountered in the clinical setting. Comorbidity between erectile dysfunction and depressive illness is high, but the causal relationship is unclear. The psychosocial distress that often accompanies erectile dysfunction might stimulate the development of depressive illness, or, as some data suggest, depression might cause erectile dysfunction. This article reviews the literature on the relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction, as well as the design of a new study that may provide some answers, and concludes that erectile dysfunction is a common, treatable condition that may cause or be the result of depression. Recent data suggest that sildenafil is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction in men with comorbid depression. Erectile dysfunction should be considered a multifactorial condition that may require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, especially when depression is present.
Fabrication of Superconducting Traction Transformer for Railway Rolling Stock (2006)

We designed a floor type single-phase 4 MVA superconducting traction transformer for Shinkansen rolling stock. In this study, we fabricated a prototype superconducting traction transformer based on this design. This transformer of the core-type design has a primary winding, four secondary windings and a tertiary winding. The windings are wound by Bi2223 superconducting tapes and cooled by subcooled liquid nitrogen. The core is kept at room temperature. The cryostat is made of GFRP with two holes to pass core legs through. The outer dimensions are about 1.2m × 0.7m × 1.9m excluding the compressor. Its weight is 1.71t excluding that of refrigerator and compressor. The transformer was tested according to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS)-E5007. We confirmed that the performance of transformer has been achieved almost exactly as planned. The rated capacity is equivalent to 3.5MVA in the superconducting state.
Some Cyclic Oligopeptide with <i>S</i><sub>2</sub><sub><i>n</i></sub> Symmetry (1987)

Some cyclic oligopeptides formed by an equal number of alternating D‐ and L‐amino‐acid residues have been synthesized by using the hydrochloride of the open‐chain peptide acid as precursor and the mixed‐anhydride condensation method. The cyclic oligopeptides (tetra‐, hexa‐, and octavaline, hexaleucine, and hexaphenylalanine) form very stable H‐bonded structures (IR‐amide band at 3270–3290 cm −1 ) which are insoluble in common organic solvents. In CF 3 COOH/CDCI 3 (25°), they yield 1 H‐NMR spectra snowing the expected equivalency of the various amino‐acid residues.
Anvi’o: an advanced analysis and visualization platform for ‘omics data (2015)

Advances in high-throughput sequencing and 'omics technologies are revolutionizing studies of naturally occurring microbial communities. Comprehensive investigations of microbial lifestyles require the ability to interactively organize and visualize genetic information and to incorporate subtle differences that enable greater resolution of complex data. Here we introduce anvi'o, an advanced analysis and visualization platform that offers automated and human-guided characterization of microbial genomes in metagenomic assemblies, with interactive interfaces that can link 'omics data from multiple sources into a single, intuitive display. Its extensible visualization approach distills multiple dimensions of information about each contig, offering a dynamic and unified work environment for data exploration, manipulation, and reporting. Using anvi'o, we re-analyzed publicly available datasets and explored temporal genomic changes within naturally occurring microbial populations through de novo characterization of single nucleotide variations, and linked cultivar and single-cell genomes with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data. Anvi'o is an open-source platform that empowers researchers without extensive bioinformatics skills to perform and communicate in-depth analyses on large 'omics datasets.
A 2&#x00D7;32 range-finding sensor array with pixel-inherent suppression of ambient light up to 120klx (2009)

Real-time 3D imaging has reached a state of development where several fields of application are possible, such as factory automation, consumer electronics, security, and robotics. The first commercial products have already been launched, or will be available soon. Accuracies in the centimeter range or even below, low cost, and robustness to disturbances in realistic indoor and outdoor environments are the key performance demands for these sensors, which are mostly based on the time-of-flight (TOF) principle either in pulsed or continuous- wave (CW) mode.
Nano- and Microlens Arrays Grown Using Atomic-Layer Deposition (2006)

A method for making optical micro- and even nanosized lens arrays with 100% fill factor is reported here. Lens arrays with a wide range of diameters and pitches, from deep submicron to tens of microns, were made through conformal growth of dielectric monolayers onto prepatterned templates by using atomic-layer deposition. This method has a degree of freedom of choosing lens materials with a broad range of optical refractive indexes, as well as of controlling the curvature of the lens surface and the fill factor of the lens array. This method greatly boosts our capability to make optimal lens arrays for broad applications
Complex Analysis and Applications (2006)

Analytic Functions Review of Complex Numbers Curves, Domains, and Regions Analytic Functions The Cauchy-Riemann Equations: Proof and Consequences Elementary Functions Complex Integration Contours and Complex Integrals The Cauchy Integral Theorem Antiderivatives and Definite Integrals The Cauchy Integral Formula The Cauchy Integral Formula for Derivatives Useful Results Deducible from the Cauchy Integral Formulas Evaluation of Improper Integrals by Contour Integration Taylor and Laurent Series: Residue Theorem and Applications Sequences, Series, and Convergence Uniform Convergence Power Series Taylor Series Laurent Series Classification of Singularities and Zeros Residues and the Residue Theorem Applications of the Residue Theorem The Laplace Inversion Integral Conformal Mapping Geometrical Aspects of Analytic Functions: Mapping Conformal Mapping The Linear Fractional Transformation Mappings by Elementary Functions The Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation Boundary Value Problems, Potential Theory, and Conformal Mapping Laplace's Equation and Conformal Mapping - Boundary Value Problems Standard Solutions of the Laplace Equation Steady-State Two-Dimensional Temperature Distribution Steady Two-Dimensional Fluid Flow Two-Dimensional Electrostatics
SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY 1 (1995)

Waste handling is a concern in all pulp and paper mills. It is especially important in mills where secondary fiber is used. Sludge composition, separation, treatment, and disposal methods need to be addressed. This paper explores the composition of sludge resulting from the pulp and papermaking process and compares secondary-fiber and virgin-fiber operations. The residue from separate operations is characterized , indicating the composition of various waste streams. Alternative disposal methods are discussed in reference to these characteristics. Thus, the final sludge use can be based on its characterization, resulting in more efficient use of the residue.
Re‐examining TG‐142 recommendations in light of modern techniques for linear accelerator based radiosurgery (2016)

This study indicates that institutions utilizing a single isocenter VMAT technique for multifocal disease should pay careful attention to the angular mechanical tolerances in designing a robust and complete QA program.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Bicyclic Peptides as Ammonium Ionophores (2003)

A series of bicyclic peptides have been designed and synthesized to provide ammonium ion complexation sites via hydrogen bonding in a tetrahedral geometry. Molecular modeling dynamics and electrostatics studies indicate that target compounds 1d-6d may provide better selectivity for ammonium ions over potassium ions than the ammonium ionophore currently used for blood analysis applications, nonactin. Attempts to synthesize 1d, cyclo(L-Glu1Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Val2Ã¢â‚¬â€�L-Ala3Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Lys4Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Val5Ã¢â‚¬â€�L-Val6)-cyclo-(1ÃƒÂ£-4ÃƒÂ¥), were unsuccessful due to poor solubility of the synthetic intermediates. This led to the design of 2d-6d in which specific amino acid residues were chosen to provide higher solubility. Compound 2d, cyclo(L-Glu1Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Ala2Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Ala3Ã¢â‚¬â€�L-Lys4Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Ala5Ã¢â‚¬â€�L-Ala6)-cyclo-(1ÃƒÂ£-4ÃƒÂ¥), was successfully synthesized, but was also too insoluble for characterization or testing in an ion selective electrode (ISE) sensor format. Compound 6d, cyclo(L-Glu1Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Leu2Ã¢â‚¬â€�Aib3Ã¢â‚¬â€�L-Lys4Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Leu5Ã¢â‚¬â€�D-Ala6)-cyclo-(1ÃƒÂ£-4ÃƒÂ¥), was successfully synthesized and characterized. When 6d was incorporated into an ISE sensor and tested as an ammonium ionophore, results indicated that the bicyclic peptide lacked solubility in the ISE membrane. A 13C-NMR study has been initiated in order to evaluate selectivity of 6d for ammonium over potassium and sodium cations in solution. Preliminary results with the potassium ionophore valinomycin as a control have been completed.
Finite state machine induction using genetic algorithm based on testing and model checking (2011)

In this paper, we describe the method of finite state machine (FSM) induction using genetic algorithm with fitness function, cross-over and mutation based on testing and model checking. Input data for the genetic algorithm is a set of tests and a set of properties described using linear time logic. Each test consists of an input sequence of events and the corresponding output action sequence. In previous works testing and model checking were used separately in genetic algorithms. Usage of such an approach is limited because the behavior of system usually cannot be described by tests only. So, additional validation or verification is needed. Calculation of fitness function based only on verification do not perform well because there are very few possible values of fitness function (verification gives only "yes" or "no" answer). The approach described is tested on the problem of finite state machine induction for elevator doors controlling. Using tests only the genetic algorithm constructs the finite machine working improperly in some cases. Usage of verification allows to induct the correct finite state machine.
Facile Synthesis of <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Alkyl-, <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Aryl-, and Diaminopurine Nucleosides from 2‘-Deoxyguanosine (2000)

The 3',5'-bis-O-TBDMS derivative of 2'-deoxyguanosine can be converted to its O6-alkyl and O6-aryl ethers as well as to N6-substituted diaminopurine nucleosides in two simple steps. Also described is a novel, nonaqueous, one-step O6-desulfonylation method that leads to deprotection of the carbonyl moiety of 2'-deoxyguanosine.
Automatic plankton image recognition with co-occurrence matrices and Support Vector Machine (2005)

A long-standing problem in plankton ecology is sparseness of taxa-specific data. New optical imaging systems are becoming available which can acquire high-resolution data on the abundance and biomass of plankton taxa. The Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) has been designed and used for automatic sampling and visualization of major planktonic taxa at sea in real time, providing high-resolution data over a broad range of scales. Although these optical systems produce digital images of plankton that can be automatically identified by computer, the limited accuracy of automatic classification methods can reduce confidence in subsequent abundance estimates, especially in areas where a taxon is in low relative abundance. This paper describes an improved classification system for automatic identification of plankton taxa from digital images. Classifiers are trained from a set of images that were classified by human experts. The data set used to verify the classification system contains over 20 000 planktonic images manually sorted into 7 different categories. The new method uses co-occurrence matrices (COM) as the feature, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. This new method is compared against a previous plankton recognition system, which used moment invariants, Fourier descriptors and granulometry as features and a learning vector quantization neural network as a classifier. The new method reduced the classification error rate from 39 to 28%. Subsequent plankton abundance estimates are improved by more than 50% in regions of low relative abundance. In general, the reduction in classification error was due to a combination of the use of COM and SVM.
Memory leak detection in embedded systems (2002)

Erickson discusses some of the best tools for memory leak detectionfor embedded programmers.