gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using surface geopolymerization reactions to strengthen Athabasca oil sands mature fine tailings (2016)

Abstract This paper describes a novel method to address the oil sands tailings reclamation problem using surface geopolymerization reactions. Geopolymerization involves dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals and re‐solidification reactions that result in the formation of three‐dimensional inorganic polymers of significant strengths. Since the fines present in oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT) mainly consist of aluminosilicate minerals, or clay minerals, it is hypothesized that by adding appropriate reagents, the surface of the clay minerals can be activated and go through geopolymerization reaction under ambient conditions. The resulting geopolymeric species formed on the clay minerals will bind the clay particles together and strengthen the tailings even without further dewatering. Geopolymerization was tested on 0.51 g/g (51 wt%) solids centrifuged MFT and its shear strength was observed to increase from 115 to 4880 Pa in 90 days when treated with 40 kg of sodium hydroxide and 60 kg sodium silicate per tonne of dry MFT solids. Similarly, the shear strength of 0.48 g/g (48 wt%) solids polymer flocculated MFT increased from 395 to 3950 Pa 90 days after the addition of the same dosages of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Tests conducted on a geopolymerized model kaolinite sample showed that under the test conditions, the geopolymerization reaction only occurs on the surface of the kaolinite at the indicated dosages. The surface geopolymers held the kaolinite particles together, leading to an increase in its shear strength.
NEXT: New enhanced available bandwidth measurement technique, algorithm and evaluation (2014)

This paper presents a unique probing scheme and a rate adjustment algorithm that can be used for estimating the available bandwidth (ABW) of an end-to-end network path more accurately and non-intrusively. The proposed algorithm is based on the well-known concept of self-induced congestion and it features a unique probing train structure in which there is a region where packets are sampled more frequently than in other region. This high-density region enables our algorithm to find the turning point more accurately. When the dynamic ABW is outside of this region, we readjust the lower rate and upper rate of the packet stream to fit the dynamic ABW into that region. We appropriately adjust the range between the lower rate and the upper rate using spread factors, which enable us to keep the number of packets few and thus we measured the ABW non-intrusively. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms PathChirp, a state of the art measurement algorithm, estimating the ABW with greater accuracy and stability in presence of different cross traffic sources.
Sigmoidal Transformations and the Trapezoidal Rule (1998)

A sigmoidal transformation is a one-to-one mapping of the compact interval [0,1] onto itself whose graph is S-shaped. After giving a formal definition, various mappings already given in the literature are reviewed in the light of the definition. At least one new transformation is introduced and criteria given for generating transformations having special properties. The use of these transformations in using the trapezoidal rule to evaluate the integral of f(x) over the limits [0,1] is then considered and asymptotic estimates of the truncation errors are obtained under different conditions. The paper concludes with some numerical examples.
Clinical plaque removal efficacy of three toothbrushes. (1993)

A single-blind, randomized clinical study compared plaque removal efficacy of three toothbrush designs under conditions simulating normal use. Ninety (90) subjects with substantially complete dentition used one of the three toothbrushes: Advanced Design Reach, Crest Complete and Oral-B 40. Subjects were examined for plaque before and after a single brushing using the Global Plaque Index to estimate plaque on the entire tooth surface, and the Proximal/Marginal Plaque Index (PMI), a new index, was used to estimate plaque at proximal and marginal surfaces of the teeth. The Advanced Design Reach toothbrush reduced plaque scores significantly more than did the other toothbrushes tested (p < 0.05) using either scoring method. At marginal and proximal sites, combined or separate, Advanced Design Reach toothbrush was significantly more effective than the other toothbrushes in plaque removal and produced significantly more plaque free sites than the other two toothbrushes. Evaluation of all anterior and posterior parts of the dentition with the Global Plaque Index indicated that Advanced Design Reach was superior in removing plaque in these regions. Both plaque indices were highly correlated (correlation coefficient 0.91) indicating excellent consistency by the dental examiner.
Facial modeling from an uncalibrated face image using flexible generic parameterized facial models (2001)

The paper presents an optimization approach for facial modeling from an uncalibrated face image using flexible generic parameterized facial models (FGPFMs). An FGPFM consists of a topological structure and geometric knowledge of human faces. The topological description consists of a set of well-designed triangular polygons with a multilayered elastic structure in which the microstructural information can be expressed without complicated facial features. All the geometric values are obtained from a set of training facial models using statistical approaches and genetic algorithms. FGPFM can be easily modified using facial features as FGPFMs parameters to create an accurate specific three-dimensional (3D) facial model from only a photograph of an individual with a yawed face. In addition, the facial modeling problem is formulated as a parameter optimization problem. A hybrid optimization approach based on the Taguchi method and a best-first search algorithm is used to accelerate the search for a near optimal solution. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and experimental results with texture mapping demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Slice Normalized Dynamic Markov Logic Networks (2012)

Markov logic is a widely used tool in statistical relational learning, which uses a weighted first-order logic knowledge base to specify a Markov random field (MRF) or a conditional random field (CRF). In many applications, a Markov logic network (MLN) is trained in one domain, but used in a different one. This paper focuses on dynamic Markov logic networks, where the size of the discretized time-domain typically varies between training and testing. It has been previously pointed out that the marginal probabilities of truth assignments to ground atoms can change if one extends or reduces the domains of predicates in an MLN. We show that in addition to this problem, the standard way of unrolling a Markov logic theory into a MRF may result in time-inhomogeneity of the underlying Markov chain. Furthermore, even if these representational problems are not significant for a given domain, we show that the more practical problem of generating samples in a sequential conditional random field for the next slice relying on the samples from the previous slice has high computational cost in the general case, due to the need to estimate a normalization factor for each sample. We propose a new discriminative model, slice normalized dynamic Markov logic networks (SN-DMLN), that suffers from none of these issues. It supports efficient online inference, and can directly model influences between variables within a time slice that do not have a causal direction, in contrast with fully directed models (e.g., DBNs). Experimental results show an improvement in accuracy over previous approaches to online inference in dynamic Markov logic networks. 1
Association of DNA strand breaks with accelerated terminal differentiation in mouse epidermal cells exposed to tumor promoters. (1985)

We have studied the appearance of single strand breaks (SSB) in DNA of mouse keratinocytes exposed in vitro to various tumor promoters. Mouse basal keratinocytes were selectively cultured in low calcium medium, prelabeled with [14C]thymidine, exposed to test agents, and SSB quantified by alkaline elution. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a dose-dependent (10(-9)-10(-7) M) increase in SSB after 24 h but not after shorter exposures. DNA containing TPA-induced SSB was found only in cells which had detached from the culture plate as a consequence of TPA-induced terminal differentiation. Attached cells, resistant to the differentiation-inducing effects of TPA, had the low level of SSB found in DNA from vehicle-treated control cells. Attached cells were resistant to the formation of SSB and to induced differentiation when reexposed to TPA. Other tumor-promoting phorbol esters, mezerein and retinyl phorbol acetate, also produced SSB in detached cells, whereas phorbol or resiniferatoxin caused neither SSB or cell detachment. Retinoic acid, which blocks the induction of differentiation by TPA, inhibited the production of SSB by TPA; however, fluocinolone acetonide, chymostatin, catalase, or superoxide dismutase blocked neither TPA-induced SSB nor terminal differentiation. Epidermal cell lines resistant to TPA-induced differentiation were also resistant to SSB production by TPA. Benzoyl peroxide (BP) (10(-4) M) induced SSB in basal keratinocytes within 1 h, and attached cells showed extensive SSB by 12 h. Retinoic acid had only a slight effect on BP-induced SSB, and 1 of 3 TPA-resistant cell lines developed SSB when exposed to BP. These results suggest that TPA-induced SSB in epidermal cells are an indirect consequence of the induction of terminal differentiation, whereas BP produces SSB by a more direct mechanism of DNA damage.
Kaley v. United States: The Right to Counsel of Choice Caught in the Wide Net of Asset Forfeiture (2014)

This commentary previews an upcoming Supreme Court case, Kaley v. United States, in which the Court may decide whether a defendant who needs potentially forfeitable assets to retain counsel of choice is entitled, under the Due Process Clause, to a hearing to challenge the grand jury's finding of probable cause.
An insertion of insect cell DNA in the 81-map-unit segment of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA (1990)

In this report, a transposonlike insertion of Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell DNA was analyzed in single-plaque isolate E of the insect baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The 634-base-pair insertion is characterized by an 18-base-pair terminal inverted repeat and carries an EcoRI site. This additional EcoRI site in the 81-map-unit segment of the DNA of plaque isolate E of AcNPV explains the difference between the EcoRI restriction map of the DNA from this isolate and those of the virus stocks used in other laboratories. Except for this insertion, the nucleotide sequence at the site of insertion in the DNA of plaque isolate E is identical to that of AcNPV E2 (G. E. Smith and M. D. Summers, Virology 89:517-527, 1978). The cellular DNA insertion in the AcNPV genome is represented many times in the S. frugiperda cell genome but has no detectable homology with DNAs from species other than lepidopteran insects. In S. frugiperda cells, the transposonlike insertion sequences are transcribed into cytoplasmic RNA. The transcription of these sequences is initiated within the cellular insertion element. As reported previously (C. Oellig, B. Happ, T. Müller, and W. Doerfler, J. Virol. 61:3048-3057, 1987), in S. frugiperda cells infected with plaque isolate E of AcNPV, at least nine different size classes of AcNPV-specific RNAs are synthesized; in AcNPV E2-infected cells, similar size classes have been detected. The cellular insertion of plaque isolate E provides the initiation site for the synthesis of an additional RNA size class which is transcribed off viral DNA.
Possible Half Metallic Antiferromagnet in a Hole-Doped Perovskite Cuprate Predicted By First-Principles Calculations (2008)

We formulate a scheme to realize a half metallic antiferromagnet (HMAFM), a material conductive in only one spin channel while exhibiting zero macroscopic magnetism, by doping carrier into a class of cuprates. The working rationale is exhibited as taking advantage of Hubbard repulsion of d electrons of Cu atoms and the charge-transfer effect from the associated O ligand to fully polarize the spin of a doped carrier. Specifically, doping one hole into the insulating ferrimagnet Sr8CaRe3Cu4O24 by replacing one of the eight Sr atoms by one Rb atom is predicted to achieve a HMAFM, presumably with room-temperature operation. Since the working rationale is the strong correlations of electrons commonly encountered in cuprates, it is expected that the present findings can shed light on a new way to develop a HMAFM.
Pilot assisted multi-user UWB communications (2003)

In this paper, we study the use of sub-carrier pilots for multi-carrier ultra wideband (MC-UWB) systems. In particular, we introduce a simple receiver structure for sub-carrier pilot assisted ultra wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SPA-UWB-OFDM) system. The new system exploits the high time resolution of the UWB-OFDM signal to simplify the implementation of the full multipath diversity receivers. We show that any sub-carrier can be used to estimate the delays and complex amplitudes of the channel. Furthermore we show that if some of sub-carriers are modulated with training data, a generalized maximum likelihood ratio test (GMLRT) can be used to simultaneously estimate the channel and decode the transmitted information. The demodulation is done by correlating the information bearing sub-carriers with the pilot sub-carriers. Furthermore, we show that multi-user detection can be achieved by using different pilot sub-carriers for different users.
Broadband square-pulse operation of a passively mode-locked fiber laser for fiber Bragg grating interrogation (1998)

A long-cavity, passively mode-locked erbium fiber laser operated in the square-pulse regime is demonstrated as a useful light source for interrogating fiber Bragg grating arrays. Output pulses with 4-W peak-power, 10-ns pulse widths, and bandwidths greater than 60nm were used successfully to interrogate 2% fiber Bragg gratings.
Synthesis of GaN nanocrystals by sequential ion implantation (1997)

We have synthesized GaN nanocrystals by sequential implantation of Ga and N ions into a sapphire substrate followed by a postimplantation anneal. The nanocrystals have been identified as the wurtzite phase α-GaN structure by transmission electron microscopy. We also found that the nanocrystals are aligned with the sapphire following the relationship: (0001)sapphire∥(0001)GaN and (112̄0)sapphire∥(112̄0)GaN. The use of a sapphire substrate allows for the measurements of optical properties, and near band-edge luminescence and the yellow band are observed in photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Facile One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridylfuran‐2‐amines (2006)

Abstract The reactive 1 : 1 zwitterionic intermediates generated in situ from the reaction between a series of isocyanides and diaroylacetylenes were trapped by pyridine carbaldehydes to yield highly functionalized 5‐pyridylfuran‐2‐amines in good yields (82–93%).
[η<sup>3</sup>‐methallyl‐nickel‐dad]PF<sub>6</sub> complex: new catalyst precursor for ethylene polymerization (1997)

Abstract The complex [η 3 ‐methallyl‐nickel‐dad]PF 6 is a new catalyst precursor for ethylene polymerization. The system is active in the presence of usual organoaluminium compounds like diethylaluminium chloride, at low Al/Ni ratios and under mild reaction conditions (temperatures between −10°C and 25°C, ethylene partial pressure from 1 to 15 atm). The polymers show extensive methyl branching, whose content is controlled by reaction parameters like temperature and ethylene pressure.
Diffractive phase elements based on two-dimensional artificial dielectrics (1995)

We have designed, fabricated, and tested a blazed artificial dielectric transmission grating in fused quartz for use at the 633-nm wavelength. By locally varying the index, using fabricated two-dimensional arrays of dielectric cylinders, we can achieve a desired phase modulation to produce a diffractive phase element in one processing step. The effective index depends on the fill fraction of the cylinders.
Trends of Population Growth and Student Demographic Change in the State of California (2008)

With large numbers of international students enrolled on our campuses, it is important for student affairs practitioners to be prepared to work with this student population and address their needs. Programs should be put in place to tackle their transition issues as well as help students deal with culture shock and culture learning. In this paper, I will conduct an analysis of the literature on intercultural adaptation and counseling to identify the issues faced by this group and inform suggestions for practice.
Carbon dioxide adsorption by physisorption and chemisorption interactions in piperazine-grafted Ni2(dobdc) (dobdc = 1,4-dioxido-2,5-benzenedicarboxylate) (2012)

The metal-organic framework Ni(2)(dobdc) (CPO-27-Ni, where dobdc = 1,4-dioxido-2,5-benzenedicarboxylate) has been post-synthetically modified with piperazine (pip) - a known 'accelerator' to improve the kinetics of CO(2) uptake in alkanolamine solvents for chemical absorption - and the impact of the modification on the CO(2) uptake and selectivity over N(2) has been probed. While the modified framework, Ni(2)(dobdc)(pip)(0.5) (pip-CPO-27-Ni), exhibits a lower uptake of CO(2) compared with the non-grafted material, the selectivity for CO(2) over N(2) at 25 °C and at pressures pertinent to post-combustion flue gas capture (0.1-0.15 bar) is enhanced. Mechanistically, the interaction between the CO(2) molecules and the free amine sites in pip-CPO-27-Ni occurs via physisorption and chemisorption interactions, in which CO(2) binds to the framework with an isosteric heat of adsorption (-Q(st)) of 40.5 kJ mol(-1) at very low coverage (P = 0.033 mbar), followed by binding at a higher heat of adsorption (-Q(st) = 46.2 kJ mol(-1) at P = 3.55 mbar). Pure water adsorption isotherms revealed a two-step mechanism for uptake in CPO-27-Ni, consistent with adsorption into the first and second hydration spheres of Ni(2+) followed by subsequent uptake via physisorption into the pores. Additional steric hindrance in pip-CPO-27-Ni results in a single step only. The working capacity over multiple cycles was also investigated using a temperature swing adsorption process which revealed reversible CO(2) adsorption and desorption of 10 wt% over 10 cycles.
DISMISS: detection of stranded methylation in MeDIP-Seq data (2016)

While asymmetric DNA methylation is increasingly being found in growing numbers of eukaryotic species and is the predominant pattern observed in some invertebrate genomes, it has been difficult to detect in MeDIP-Seq datasets using existing software. DISMISS now enables more sensitive examinations of MeDIP-Seq datasets and will be especially useful for the study of genomes containing either low levels of DNA methylation or for genomes containing relatively high amounts of asymmetric methylation.
Energy Efficient Content Based Image Retrieval in Sensor Networks (2012)

The presence of increased memory and computational power in imaging sensor networks attracts researchers to exploit image processing algorithms on distributed memory and computational power. In this paper, a typical perimeter is investigated with a number of sensors placed to form an image sensor network for the purpose of content based distributed image search. Image search algorithm is used to enable distributed content based image search within each sensor node. The energy model is presented to calculate energy efficiency for various cases of image search and transmission. The simulations are carried out based on consideration of continuous monitoring or event driven activity on the perimeter. The simulation setups consider distributed image processing on sensor nodes and results show that energy saving is significant if search algorithms are embedded in image sensor nodes and image processing is distributed across sensor nodes. The tradeoff between sensor life time, distributed image search and network deployed cost is also investigated.
Crystal Structure of D-(+)-Camphoric Imide (2004)

(1R,5S)-1,8,8-Trimethyl-3-azabicylo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione [D-(+)-camphoric imide] has been synthesized and characterized by IR, EA, ES-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The four independent molecules form a two-dimensional network by means of eight-membered N-H…O (C2O2N2H2) hydrogen-bond rings between their imide groups, and weak C-H…O hydrogen bonding interactions involving the imide oxygen atoms.
Improvements in the atomic-fluorescence determination of mercury by the cold-vapour technique (1975)

Relatively simple modifications to a cold-vapour, mercury-fluorescence detector have resulted in a large increase in sensitivity and have decreased the time required for each measurement. A 2σ detection limit of 0·02 ng was achieved.
Lipid Raft-Mediated Regulation of Hyaluronan–CD44 Interactions in Inflammation and Cancer (2015)

Hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix and plays pivotal roles in inflammation and cancer. Hyaluronan oligomers are frequently found in these pathological conditions, in which they exert their effects via association with the transmembrane receptor CD44. Lipid rafts are cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains that may regulate membrane receptors while serving as platforms for transmembrane signaling at the cell surface. This article focuses on the recent discovery that lipid rafts regulate the interaction between CD44 and hyaluronan, which depends largely on hyaluronan's size. Lipid rafts regulate CD44's ability to bind hyaluronan in T cells, control the rolling adhesion of lymphocytes on vascular endothelial cells, and regulate hyaluronan- and CD44-mediated cancer cell migration. The implications of these findings for preventing inflammatory disorders and cancer are also discussed.
Compact Thomson spectrometer (1984)

Particle dynamics and collimation in the Thomson spectrometer system are discussed. A compact spectrometer which consists of a unique pinhole arrangment, a pair of permanent magnets, and CR-39 detector is described with a few practical calibration techniques. Applications including analysis of charge-to-mass ratio and construction of charge state resolved energy spectra are discussed with experimental examples.
Macrophage polarization in experimental and clinical choroidal neovascularization (2016)

Macrophages play an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, the spatial and temporal changes and the polarization of macrophages in murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were investigated, and the polarized M1 and M2 biomarkers in the aqueous humors of neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients were studied. Macrophages, the main infiltrating inflammatory cells in CNV lesions, were evidenced by a significant increase in F4/80 mRNA expression and by the infiltration of F4/80+ cells in the lesions and the vicinity of laser-induced CNV. The mRNA expressions of M1-related markers were dramatically upregulated in the early stage, while the M2-related markers were slightly upregulated in the middle stage and sustained until the late stage. The results of immunostaining showed a similar early-but-transient M1 pattern and a delayed-but-sustained M2 pattern in laser-induced CNV. In addition, a higher M2/M1 ratio was found in both the murine models (Arg-1/iNOS and CCL22/CXCL10) and the aqueous humors of nAMD patients (CCL22/CXCL10) than in the controls. Our results suggested that the dynamic patterns of M1 and M2 were different in both the experimental and clinical CNV. The M2 macrophages were predominant and may play a more important role in the development of CNV.