gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMUT transceiver front-end with 100-V TX driver and 1-mW low-noise capacitive feedback RX amplifier in BCD-SOI technology (2014)

A CMUT front-end for high performance portable ultrasound medical imaging is proposed. Designed for CMUTs operating in the 1-15 MHz range, it comprises a 100-V TX driver, a high voltage T/R switch and an ultra-low-power RX amplifier. The impact of the large parasitic capacitances of high-voltage devices, responsible for SNR degradation, is minimized by careful design and dedicated circuit techniques while the RX amplifier exploits capacitive feedback to achieve a better noise-power performance than commonly adopted trans-resistance topologies. Electrical characterization as well as pulse-echo measurements are shown. The transceiver proves state-of-the-art noise performance and very high dynamic range with power dissipation of the RX amplifier of 1 mW only.
Multiple-element spectrometer for non-resonant inelastic X-ray spectroscopy of electronic excitations (2009)

A multiple-analyser-crystal spectrometer for non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy installed at beamline ID16 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is presented. Nine analyser crystals with bending radii R = 1 m measure spectra for five different momentum transfer values simultaneously. Using a two-dimensional detector, the spectra given by all analysers can be treated individually. The spectrometer is based on a Rowland circle design with fixed Bragg angles of about 88 degrees . The energy resolution can be chosen between 30-2000 meV with typical incident-photon energies of 6-13 keV. The spectrometer is optimized for studies of valence and core electron excitations resolving both energy and momentum transfer.
Conversion of 2-halo-N-allylanilines to indoles via palladium(0) oxidative addition-insertion reactions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of 2-halo-N-allylanilines to indoles via palladium(0) oxidative addition-insertion reactionsRoy Odle, Burke Blevins, Matt Ratcliff, and Louis S. HegedusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2709–2710Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1053Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Complex correction of intoxication syndrome in sepsis]. (1991)

The experience with treatment of 120 patients with endotoxicosis caused by sepsis of different etiology is summarized. In the complex of treatment, the endolymphatic therapy, application, gastrointestinal sorption, hemosorption, plasmapheresis, plasmosorption, ultraviolet irradiation of the blood were used.
Evaluation of Test Equipment for Determination of Fine Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption (2006)

Concern has been expressed about the repeatability of the current AASHTO T 84 method for determination of fine aggregate specific gravity. Two new methods are available for determining bulk specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregates: the AggPlus system using the CoreLok device and the SSDetect system. In addition, a new automated Langley de-airing device is available for AASHTO T 84. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate the reproducibility of SSDetect, CoreLok, AASHTO T 84, and AASHTO T 84 with the Langley de-airing device and (b) to determine if either of the new systems would produce results statistically similar to those produced by the current AASHTO T 84 procedure. The AASHTO procedure, when used with the Langley de-airing device, gave similar results to AASHTO T 84 but with reduced variability. The SSDetect procedure produced the highest bulk specific gravity and lowest percent absorption followed by the CoreLok and AASHTO T 84 procedures. There was no significant difference in apparent specific gravity values. Increasing the cure time for the SSDetect procedure resulted in increased saturated surface dry mass.
Revival of Private Participation in Developing Country Infrastructure (2007)

Investment in private participation in infrastructure projects in developing countries in 2004 and 2005 increased sharply. Meanwhile, the distribution of investment across sectors and regions, and the allocation of risks between public and private parties, were shifting. Private sponsors started putting more emphasis on risk mitigation strategies. To take advantage of private sponsors' renewed interest in infrastructure projects, governments need to create risk sharing arrangements that attract private operators while also benefiting governments, taxpayers, and users.
Structure-activity relationships of novel anti-malarial agents part 8. Effect of different central aryls in biarylacryloylaminobenzophenones on antimalarial activity. (2003)

Replacement of the 2,5-disubstituted furyl residue present in the known antimalarial agents 8 by other aryl residues resulted in a more or less reduced antimalarial activity in most cases. The only exemption was the 2,4-thienylene compound 11a displaying activity with an IC50 value of 120 nM. In conclusion, the 2,5-furylene compound 8e remains to represent the most active antimalarial agent in this series of farnesyltransferase inhibitors.
Arthrography after total hip arthroplasty: a modified technique used in the diagnosis of pain. (1983)

The results of plain film radiography and arthrography in diagnosing loosening of a prosthetic component after total hip arthroplasty were correlated with surgical findings in 31 patients who required surgery because of hip pain. The accuracy of arthrography in diagnosing component loosening using 5 ml of contrast material was 51%, and the accuracy of plain radiography was 69%. An accuracy of 92% was achieved using a modified arthrographic technique in which the pressure in the joint was recorded after injection of contrast material and while the patient walked to ensure that it was comparable with the pressure that caused the patient's pain prior to the study. Three per cent of the arthrographic studies using this technique were false negative and 5% were false positive.
Fibrinogen in Ischaemic Heart Disease (1995)

Fibrinogen contributes to both pathological and clinical manifestations of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Several cross-sectional angiographic studies have shown correlations between the fibrinogen level and the extent of coronary artery disease. The largest of these studies suggests that this relationship is due mainly to luminal occlusion, strengthening the evidence that high fibrinogen levels are thrombogenic. The growing number of prospective studies that have included fibrinogen measurements consistently show a direct, independent and statistically significant association between fibrinogen level and the subsequent incidence of IHD, this association being about as strong as the relation between cholesterol and IHD, for example. The fibrinogen level is also associated with the recurrence of IHD in those who have survived a myocardial infarction and with the onset and recurrence or progression of cerebrovascular disease and lower extremity arterial disease. Besides a contribution to coronary artery changes, high fibrinogen levels predispose to IHD through influences on blood and plasma viscosity, platelet aggregability and the amount of fibrin produced when coagulation is initiated. Progress towards the standardization of methods for measuring fibrinogen increasingly justifies its inclusion in the IHD risk profile. Establishing the value of agents that lower fibrinogen levels is now a high research priority, mainly for clinical reasons but also as part of the evidence for clarifying the nature of the association of raised levels with arterial disease.
The lymphocyte-dendritic cell system. (1998)

Antigens provoke immune responses. The group of immunocompetent cells related directly to this response includes T and B cells, macrophages (M phi) and dendritic cells (DCs). DCs acting as antigen-presenting cells have been recently recognized to be important in initiating the immune response. B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), the major immunocompetent cells in the B-cell dependent area, play an important role in humoral immunity, while T cells and interdigitating cells (IDCs), which are the major immunocompetent cells in the T-cell dependent (TD)-area, play an important role in cellular immunity. The B cell-IDC interaction in the TD-area is also essential for the B-cell response against TD-antigen. Consequently, the lymphocyte-DC interaction is essential in the response to antigenic stimulation and in inducing the potent effector cells. B cell-DC, T cell-DC and DC-B cell-T cell interactions are regulated in predetermined sites by complex and varied mechanisms. Much recent evidence demonstrates that DCs modulate lymphocyte biology in its broadest aspects, including generation, differentiation, proliferation, and activation. In this review, we outline recent studies on the generation, structure, and function of lymphatic tissues, propose the concept of the "Lymphocyte-Dendritic Cell System (LDS)", and finally describe the significance and functions of this system in health and disease.
PROTEASES AND THEIR TARGETS IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1996)

Proteolysis in Escherichia coli serves to rid the cell of abnormal and misfolded proteins and to limit the time and amounts of availability of critical regulatory proteins. Most intracellular proteolysis is initiated by energy-dependent proteases, including Lon, ClpXP, and HflB; HflB is the only essential E. coli protease. The ATPase domains of these proteases mediate substrate recognition. Recognition elements in target are not well defined, but are probably not specific amino acid sequences. Naturally unstable protein substrates include the regulatory sigma factors for heat shock and stationary phase gene expression, sigma 32 and RpoS. Other cellular proteins serve as environmental sensors that modulate the availability of the unstable proteins to the proteases, resulting in rapid changes in sigma factor levels and therefore in gene transcription. Many of the specific proteases found in E. coli are well-conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and serve critical functions in developmental systems.
Genes Specifying Auxin and Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Phytopathogens (1986)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
A Study on Trapping CO<sub>2</sub> Using Molecular Sieve for <sup>14</sup>C AMS Sample Preparation (2013)

At the Seoul National University accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratory, we are planning to develop an automated sample preparation system for higher throughput of radiocarbon dating. This system will consist of several sections, including a combustion line, CO 2 trap, graphitization system, and so on. We usually collect CO 2 by cryogenic trapping. However, since handling liquid nitrogen is expected to be rather difficult, we are interested in replacing the cryogenic method with the molecular sieve method for the collection of CO 2 . In this study, we compare the performance of the cryogenic trapping method and molecular sieve method. Zeolite 13X is used as a molecular sieve, and as test samples we use the oxalic acid standard (NIST SRM 4990C), high-purity graphite powder, and archaeological charcoals. The pMC values and the radiocarbon ages (BP) obtained from samples prepared by the above 2 methods are very similar. We especially focused on the memory effect of the molecular sieve, meaning the CO 2 contamination from a previous sample, which can cause errors in age determination. To reduce this effect, we flowed He gas through a zeolite container for several minutes at a high temperature before the CO 2 was introduced. By the adding this step, we have obtained more reliable results.
[The association of duration of hypertension and changes in cognitive function in hypertension patients]. (2014)

Hypertension is a risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction. The incidence of cognitive dysfunction and the severity are positively associated with the duration of hypertension. In those with hypertension over 20 years, the cognitive dysfunction occurs much more obviously.
A 13-bit, 2.2-MS/s, 55-mW multibit cascade ΣΔ modulator in CMOS 0.7-μm single-poly technology (1999)

This paper presents a CMOS 0.7-/spl mu/m /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator IC that achieves 13-bit dynamic range at 2.2 MS/s with an oversampling ratio of 16. It uses fully differential switched-capacitor circuits with a clock frequency of 35.2 MHz, and has a power consumption of 55 mW. Such a low oversampling ratio has been achieved through the combined usage of fourth-order filtering and multibit quantization. To guarantee stable operation for any input signal and/or initial condition, the fourth order shaping function has been realized using a cascade architecture with three stages; the first stage is a second-order modulator, while the others are first-order modulators-referred to as a 2-1-1/sub mb/ architecture. The quantizer of the last stage is 3 bits, while the other quantizers are single bit. The modulator architecture and coefficients have been optimized for reduced sensitivity to the errors in the 3-bit quantization process. Specifically, the 3-bit digital-to-analog converter tolerates 2.8% FS nonlinearity without significant degradation of the modulator performance. This makes the use of digital calibration unnecessary, which is a key point for reduced power consumption. We show that, for a given oversampling ratio and in the presence of 0.5% mismatch, the proposed modulator obtains a larger signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio than previous multibit cascade architectures. On the other hand, as compared to a 2.1.1/sub single-bit/ modulator previously designed for a mixed-signal asymmetrical digital subscriber line modem in the same technology, the modulator in this paper obtains one more bit resolution, enhances the operating frequency by a factor of two, and reduces the power consumption by a factor of four.
Herbicide safeners: Tools for improving the efficacy and selectivity of herbicides (1996)

Abstract Safeners (also known as antidotes) are chemical or biological agents that reduce the toxicity of herbicides to crop plants by a physiological or molecular mechanism. Commercialized safeners are mainly chemical compounds that enhance the tolerance of selected grass crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rice (Oryza sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to chloroacetanilide, thiocarbamate, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. In practice, safeners are applied either to the crop prior to planting (seed safeners) or to the soil together with the herbicide, formulated as a prepackaged mixture. Safeners act as "bioregulators”; controlling the amount of a given herbicide that reaches its target site in an active form. A safener‐induced enhancement of the metabolic detoxification of herbicides in protected plants is the most apparent mechanism for the action of all commercialized safeners. Herbicide‐detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione transferases (GST), cytochrome P‐450 monooxygenases (CytP450), esterases, and UDP‐glucosyltransferases are induced by herbicide safeners. At the molecular level, safeners appear to act by activating or amplifying genes coding for these enzymes (e.g., GST).
Wavelets for contrast enhancement of digital mammography (1995)

Multiresolution representations provided an adaptive mechanism for the local emphasis of features of importance to mammography. In general, improvements in image contrast for multiscale image processing algorithms were superior to those obtained using existing competitive algorithms. These initial results are encouraging and suggest that wavelet based image processing algorithms could play an important role in improving the imaging performance of digital mammography. In part 2, features blended into the mammograms were "idealized" representations of the types of objects that are of primary interest to mammographers. The resultant mammographic images were appropriate for the purpose of demonstrating improved image contrast made possible by wavelet based image processing algorithms. These images were also useful for comparing multiscale wavelet based algorithms with existing image processing algorithms. The test results obtained in this study, however, cannot be directly extrapolated to clinical mammography. In addition, it is also important to study possible image artifacts introduced by new wavelet filters, which may increase the false positive rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the origin and frequency of Y chromosome deletions responsible for severe male infertility (1997)

The origin of deletions associated with non-obstructive severe oligozoospermia in men are discussed. Deletions could arise during various stages of meiosis, at later stages in spermatids, or post-fertilization. Certain embryonic stages may be highly sensitive. The possibilities of an inherited propensity to these and other deletions, and of mosaicism in embryos are assessed.
Conformationally Constrained Serine Analogues:  Synthesis of New 2-Amino-3-hydroxynorbornanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives (2000)

A synthesis of the new oxazolone 2, functionalized with the ethoxycarbonyloxy group on methylenic carbon, is presented, starting from 4-hydroxymethylenoxazolone 1 and ethyl chlorocarbonate. Oxazolone 2 was reacted with cyclopentadiene in the presence of EtAlCl(2), giving the two diastereoisomeric cycloadducts exo-3 and endo-3 in a 70:30 ratio. Selective hydrolysis of the lactone ring (THF, HCl) gave the corresponding acids 5 and 6 which were transformed into hydroxyacid derivatives 7 and 8, respectively, operating in an ethanolic solution of Me(2)NH. The new 3-hydroxy-2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acids 11 and 12, in which the serine skeleton is included, were obtained by reduction of acids 5 and 6 to derivatives 9 and 10 and a subsequent hydrolysis with HCl.
Paging and power saving in IEEE 802.11-enabled networks (2006)

Mobile communication systems increasingly adopt Internet Protocol solutions for transport of control and data traffic. To optimize scalability of the mobile communication infrastructure and to save mobile energy resources, mobile devices can set their network interface to power save mode, such as for instance supported by the IEEE 802.11 technology, and refrain from sending superfluous location information towards the network in case the device is idle. Such systems utilize paging to locate and reactivate mobile devices in power save mode. In this paper, we show how mobile terminal power saving efficiently complements IP paging in an IEEE 802.11-enabled network. By means of simulations, we evaluate and compare a mobile terminal's power consumption due to mobility management within a Mobile IPv6 network with and without paging and power save mode support. The results show that IP paging with complementary power save mode support harmonizes efficient location tracking with optimized energy resource usage, while taking requirements on routing delay constraints into account.
Continuation-passing style (1991)

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Gastroduodenal surgery (1995)

Surgical interventions for the treatment of stomach and duodenal pathology, like all areas of surgery, are undergoing rapid changes. These changes have been, and continue to be, driven by improvements in both surgical technology and the understanding of the disease processes themselves. The past year has seen an especially large number of exciting new developments in areas ranging from laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication to pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. This article highlights some of the exciting changes taking place in an area of surgery that is undergoing a dramatic transformation.
Polarized infrared emissivity for a rough water surface (2000)

The polarization state of infrared emission from water at large viewing angles is explained mathematically by a polarization-dependent emissivity. To provide polarized emissivity values for a wind-roughened water surface in a convenient format, this electronic paper provides interactive tables and plots of polarized water emissivity for the spectral range of 3-15 microm. The rough surface is modeled as a collection of specular facets with slopes given by a Gaussian distribution. The interactive electronic format provides a tutorial on emission polarization and it allows readers to copy the desired numbers and paste them into their electronic applications without the difficulty of transcribing numbers from printed tables.
Structural Requirement in Clostridium perfringens Collagenase mRNA 5′ Leader Sequence for Translational Induction through Small RNA-mRNA Base Pairing (2013)

The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens is pathogenic to humans and animals, and the production of its toxins is strictly regulated during the exponential phase. We recently found that the 5' leader sequence of the colA transcript encoding collagenase, which is a major toxin of this organism, is processed and stabilized in the presence of the small RNA VR-RNA. The primary colA 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) forms a long stem-loop structure containing an internal bulge and masks its own ribosomal binding site. Here we found that VR-RNA directly regulates colA expression through base pairing with colA mRNA in vivo. However, when the internal bulge structure was closed by point mutations in colA mRNA, translation ceased despite the presence of VR-RNA. In addition, a mutation disrupting the colA stem-loop structure induced mRNA processing and ColA-FLAG translational activation in the absence of VR-RNA, indicating that the stem-loop and internal bulge structure of the colA 5' leader sequence is important for regulation by VR-RNA. On the other hand, processing was required for maximal ColA expression but was not essential for VR-RNA-dependent colA regulation. Finally, colA processing and translational activation were induced at a high temperature without VR-RNA. These results suggest that inhibition of the colA 5' leader structure through base pairing is the primary role of VR-RNA in colA regulation and that the colA 5' leader structure is a possible thermosensor.