gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Therapy Extend Brain Tumor Survival <i>in Vivo</i> (2015)

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have the potential to be safer alternatives to viruses for gene delivery; however, their use has been limited by poor efficacy in vivo. In this work, we synthesize and characterize polymeric gene delivery nanoparticles and evaluate their efficacy for DNA delivery of herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (HSVtk) combined with the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) in a malignant glioma model. We investigated polymer structure for gene delivery in two rat glioma cell lines, 9L and F98, to discover nanoparticle formulations more effective than the leading commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. The lead polymer structure, poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) end-modified with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine, is a poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) and formed nanoparticles with HSVtk DNA that were 138 ± 4 nm in size and 13 ± 1 mV in zeta potential. These nanoparticles containing HSVtk DNA showed 100% cancer cell killing in vitro in the two glioma cell lines when combined with GCV exposure, while control nanoparticles encoding GFP maintained robust cell viability. For in vivo evaluation, tumor-bearing rats were treated with PBAE/HSVtk infusion via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in combination with systemic administration of GCV. These treated animals showed a significant benefit in survival (p = 0.0012 vs control). Moreover, following a single CED infusion, labeled PBAE nanoparticles spread completely throughout the tumor. This study highlights a nanomedicine approach that is highly promising for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Effects of Local Heart Irradiation in a Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 4-Null Mouse Model (2015)

Glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTA4-4) is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an electrophilic product of lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes during oxidative stress. 4-HNE is a direct activator of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor with many target genes encoding antioxidant and anti-electrophile enzymes. We have previously shown that Gsta4-null mice on a 129/Sv background exhibited increased activity of Nrf2 in the heart. Here we examined the sensitivity of this Gsta4-null mouse model towards cardiac function and structure loss due to local heart irradiation. Male Gsta4-null and wild-type mice were exposed to a single X-ray dose of 18 Gy to the heart. Six months after irradiation, immunohistochemical staining for respiratory complexes 2 and 5 indicated that radiation exposure had caused most pronounced alterations in mitochondrial morphology in Gsta4-null mice. On the other hand, wild-type mice showed a decline in cardiac function and an increase in plasma levels of troponin-I, while no such changes were observed in Gsta4-null mice. Radiation-induced Nrf2-target gene expression only in Gsta4-null mice. In conclusion, although loss of GSTA4-4 led to enhanced susceptibility of cardiac mitochondria to radiation-induced loss of morphology, cardiac function was preserved in Gsta4-null mice. We propose that this protection against cardiac function loss may occur, at least in part, by upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway.
A footprint technique to identify white rhino Ceratotherium simum at individual and species levels (2007)

A non-invasive and cost-effective footprint identification technique (FIT) is presented, which can aid the identification of individual white rhino Ceratotherium simum and the differentiation of this species from black rhino Diceros bicornis. FIT is an adaptation of a traditional tracking identification technique and is a useful censusing and monitoring tool for wildlife conservation. We implemented FIT to identify 40 white rhino. Geometric profiles were extracted from digital images of footprints, and subjected to an algorithm based on multivariate statistical analyses. FIT's classification rules were tested using a dataset of 1276 footprints from 159 tracks of 40 white rhino from a fenced wild population in Namibia. Using 2 different test models for pairwise track matching, FIT gave accuracies of 91 and 95% for population estimate (census) prediction. In a monitoring scenario (matching a 'test' track to one of the footprint sets of known individuals) the accuracies for 2 test models were 97 and 99%. For species discrimination, we used a dataset of 1636 footprints, with 218 tracks of which 59 were from black and 159 from white rhino. FIT gave a species discrimination accuracy for tracks of 98 to 99% using 3 different test models. We outline how the underlying FIT has been adapted for white rhino and detail work in progress to extend the method to other species. We anticipate that the technique will offer an objective and accurate tool for monitoring and censusing, with flexibility as regards target species and locale. Data collection for FIT is intuitive for skilled trackers and thus local expertise can be employed. The technique promises to be an effective tool for management and ecological studies, especially for nocturnal or otherwise elusive species, and is expected to be effective as a complementary tool for other monitoring techniques, such as mark-recapture or camera-trapping.
Visual fixations and level of attentional processing (2000)

Article Visual fixations and level of attentional processing Share on Authors: Boris M. Velichkovsky Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, GermanyView Profile , Sascha M. Dornhoefer Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, GermanyView Profile , Sebastian Pannasch Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Applied Cognitive Research Unit, Dresden University of Technology, GermanyView Profile , Pieter J.A. Unema Psychology Department, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands Psychology Department, University of Maastricht, The NetherlandsView Profile Authors Info & Claims ETRA '00: Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applicationsNovember 2000 Pages 79–85https://doi.org/10.1145/355017.355029Online:08 November 2000Publication History 24citation1,281DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads1,281Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Guide to Management (1994)

Although there have been major advances in understanding the underlying pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), for most patients the clinical outcome is invariably fatal. However, a great deal can be done by physicians and other health care professionals to treat the symptoms of ALS, to improve the patient's quality of life, and to help caregivers and families to cope with the disease. It is to these varied groups that this book is addressed. This comprehensive guide covers every aspect of the management of ALS. Beginning with discussions of classification and clinical features of the disease, its diagnosis, care of patients, therapeutic trials, and unorthodox treatments, major sections also deal with speech problems, physical therapy, nutrition, environmental adaptations, ventilatory care, nursing care, long term care and financial resources, and the role of support groups. Rounding out this comprehensive review are sections that deal with hospice care, life support systems, legal, ethical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of dealing with ALS, and the role of the national voluntary health agency in dealing with all aspects of the disease.
The Carcinogenic Potency Database: analyses of 4000 chronic animal cancer experiments published in the general literature and by the U.S. National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program. (1991)

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is an easily accessible, standardized resource of positive and negative long-term animal cancer tests. The CPDB has been published in four earlier papers that include results for approximately 4000 experiments on 1050 chemicals. This paper describes the CPDB: goals, inclusion criteria, fields of information, and published plot format. It also presents an overview of our published papers using the CPDB. The CPDB as published in plot format readily permits comparisons of carcinogenic potency and many other aspects of cancer tests, including for each experiment the species and strain of test animals, the route and duration of compound administration, dose level and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD50 (carcinogenic potency) and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion about carcinogenicity, and literature citation. A combined plot of all results from the four separate papers, which is ordered alphabetically by chemical, is available from L. S. Gold, in printed form or on computer tape or diskette. A computer readable (SAS) database is also available. The overview of papers includes descriptions of work on methods of estimating carcinogenic potency, reproducibility of results in near-replicate cancer tests, correlation in potency between species, ranking possible carcinogenic hazards, comparison of positivity and target organ in rats and mice, comparison of mutagens and nonmutagens, proportion of chemicals positive in animal tests, natural compared to synthetic chemicals, and mechanistic issues in interspecies extrapolation.
Response of ventricular monophasic action potential to sudden shortening of cycle length in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. (1995)

先天性QT延長症候群 (LQTS) 4例と対照群4例で, 右心室および左心室の2～3ケ所より単相性活動電位 (MAP) を同時記録し, 右房ペーシングで突然心周期を短縮させ, その前後の各心拍におけるMAPD90と, 再分極時間 (repolarization time) のばらつき (RT dispersion: RTの最長部位と最短部位の差) を計測した.LQTSでは, 心周期短縮前後を通して, MAPD90, RT dispersionは, 対照群より大きかった.両群とも心周期短縮後, 最初の数十拍で急速に短縮し, その後は数分かけて徐々に定常状態となった.LQTSでは心周期短縮後に心拍毎の変動を認めた.特に心周期短縮後早期にその傾向は強かった.LQTSにおける, 突然の心周期短縮に対する再分極過程の不安定さを反映するものと考えられた.また, 持続的な心周期短縮によりMAPD90, RT dispersionともに小さくなり, 再分極異常を改善させた.このことは, ペースメーカー治療の有効性を支持する結果と考えられた.
Reduction of Azides to Primary Amines in Substrates Bearing Labile Ester Functionality. Synthesis of a PEG-Solubilized, “Y”-Shaped Iminodiacetic Acid Reagent for Preparation of Folate-Tethered Drugs<sup>1</sup> (1999)

[formula: see text] Anhydride 3 is a useful reagent for the synthesis of triply linked drug conjugates. Examples using paclitaxel are provided. Conversion of the azido moiety to a primary amine in the presence of substrates bearing labile ester functionality requires the use of tin/mercaptan reducing system which includes methanol exchange equilibration to effect nitrogen-tin bond scission.
The Molecular Structure of Polyethylene. IV. Kinetic Calculations of the Effect of Branching on Molecular Weight Distribution<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Molecular Structure of Polyethylene. IV. Kinetic Calculations of the Effect of Branching on Molecular Weight Distribution1J. K. BeasleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 24, 6123–6127Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01120a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01120a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early prediction on time series: a nearest neighbor approach (2009)

In this paper, we formulate the problem of early classification of time series data, which is important in some time-sensitive applications such as healthinformatics. We introduce a novel concept of MPL (Minimum Prediction Length) and develop ECTS (Early Classification on Time Series), an effective 1-nearest neighbor classification method. ECTS makes early predictions and at the same time retains the accuracy comparable to that of a 1NN classifier using the full-length time series. Our empirical study using benchmark time series data sets shows that ECTS works well on the real data sets where 1NN classification is effective. 1
Phase Holograms, Phase-Only Holograms, and Kinoforms (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. T. Cathey, "Phase Holograms, Phase-Only Holograms, and Kinoforms," Appl. Opt. 9, 1478-1479 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Advanced Bioelectrical Signal Processing Methods: Past, Present, and Future Approach—Part III: Other Biosignals (2021)

Analysis of biomedical signals is a very challenging task involving implementation of various advanced signal processing methods. This area is rapidly developing. This paper is a Part III paper, where the most popular and efficient digital signal processing methods are presented. This paper covers the following bioelectrical signals and their processing methods: electromyography (EMG), electroneurography (ENG), electrogastrography (EGG), electrooculography (EOG), electroretinography (ERG), and electrohysterography (EHG).
OB-Rb gene transfer to leptin-resistant islets reverses diabetogenic phenotype (1998)

In obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with mutant leptin receptors, pancreatic islets have an approximately 50-fold increase in fat (TG), overproduce nitric oxide (NO), and lack a normal proinsulin mRNA response to fatty acids. We overexpressed the wild-type full-length "b" isoform of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in ZDF islets by perfusing ZDF pancreata with recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA encoding OB-Rb. In cultured islets isolated from these animals, leptin lowered islet TG by 87% and completely blocked TG formation from free fatty acids. Overproduction of NO was reduced, and the preproinsulin mRNA response to free fatty acids was restored. This establishes defective leptin action as the proximate cause of lipotoxic diabetes in ZDF rats.
Indole Derivatives Related to Lonidamine (1984)

Abstract The synthesis and the antitumor activities of 1‐benzylindole‐3‐carboxylic acids are reported. Compound 16b , which bears at position 1 the same substituent as Lonidamine (1) , proved to be the most active derivative.
Peritoneal exudates from microencapsulated rat islets of Langerhans xenografted mice presenting characteristics of potentially cytotoxic non-specific inflammation (1992)

Grafted polyacrylamide microencapsulated islets of Langerhans in the peritoneal cavity of mice did not survive more than a few days, perhaps owing to a non-specific inflammatory reaction or an immune rejection. To assess the two hypotheses, we used flow cytometry (FACS) to analyse cell populations of empty or islet-loaded microcapsules grafted in the peritoneal cavity of mice, and performed cytotoxic assays with proteases secreted by inflammatory cells. An immune rejection did not seem to occur, but the degree of inflammation could explain the short life of the grafts.
Vitamin E and Wound Healing (1997)

Havlik, Robert J. M.D. the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation DATA Committee Author Information
Behandling med Citalopram vid demens. Normalisering av DST (1987)

It is well-known that the concentration of serotonin is reduced in patients with dementia of Alzheimertype (AD/SDAT) as well as in patients with cerebral vascular diseases. Postmortem investigations have shown low concentrations of both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). An emotional blunting as well as a decrease of the intellectual functions have been reported in patients with dementia. Patients with dementia are often depressed, anxious and irritable. Since a disturbance of serotonin and norepinephrine may influence the emotional reactions a treatment with Citalopram was conducted. Citalopram selectively blocks the re-uptake of 5-HT and it is thus assumed that the pharmacological effect is an activation of the rate of serotonin metabolism in the brain. In a pilot investigation where 20-30 mg Citalopram was given daily to patients with dementia, significant improvements were found in spontaneous activity, power to concentrate, distractibility, anxiety and nervousness. An inter-scandinavian study of the effects of Citalopram on dementia, using double-blind technique is running. Earlier studies of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) have shown that patients with AD/SDAT as well as with cerebrovascular diseases showed abnormal lack of suppression. DST and samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the determination of the levels of monoamine metabolites, were taken both before and after a two months treatment period with Citalopram. The results showed a significant reduction in CSF of 5-HIAA and 3-metoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (HMPG). It is also interesting to note that there was a significant reduction of the level of postdexamethasone serum Cortisol concentrations after treatment with Citalopram.
Hepatitis C virus and the controversial role of the interferon sensitivity determining region in the response to interferon treatment (2007)

The degree of variability of the interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome has been postulated to predict the response to interferon therapy, mainly in patients infected with subtype 1b, although this prediction has been the subject of a long controversy. This prediction has been tested by analyzing a cohort of 67 Spanish patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 23 of which were infected with subtype 1a and 44 with subtype 1b. A sample previous to therapy with alpha-interferon plus ribavirin was obtained and several clones (between 25 and 96) including the ISDR were sequenced from each patient. A significant correlation between mutations at the ISDR and response to treatment for subtype 1b patients, but not for those infected with subtype 1a, has been detected. Although the results suggest that the same relationship holds true for subtype 1a, lack of statistical power because of the small sample size of this subtype prevented firmer conclusions. However, identical ISDR sequences were found in responder and non-responder patients, suggesting that the stability of the ISDR sequence can occasionally help HCV to evade interferon therapy, although this is not a sufficient condition. More complex interactions, including the ISDR or not, are likely to exist and govern the HCV response to interferon treatment.
Antituberculous Compounds. III. Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole Derivatives (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntituberculous Compounds. III. Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole DerivativesLeon KatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 3, 712–714Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01099a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01099a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Model of Momentum (2011)

Optimal investment of firms implies that expected stock returns are tied with the expected marginal benefit of investment divided by the marginal cost of investment. Winners have higher expected growth and expected marginal productivity (two major components of marginal benefits of investment), and earn higher expected stock returns than losers. Theinvestment-based model succeeds in capturing average momentum profits, reversal of momentum in long horizons, as well as the interaction of momentum with with market capitalization, firm age, trading volume, and stock return volatility. However, the model fails to reproduce procyclical momentum profits.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the {\sl Toc33} cDNA in {\sl Brassica napus} line Cr3529 (2005)

Two primers, designed according to the Arabidoposis thaliana Toc33 sequence, were used to amplify the full coding region of the Toc33 cDNAs in leaves of a chlorophyll-reduced (Cr) mutant Cr3529 and its wild type 3529, Brassica napus,by RT-PCR technique. The RT-PCR results showed that the fragment homologous to Toc33 was expressed in Cr3529 as well as 3529 seedlings. PCR fragments were inserted into the pMD18-T vector and transferred into E. coli, then two cDNA clones, BnToc33-c and BnToc33, were obtained. Sequence analysis showed that the two sequences were 894 bp and the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous to those of A. thaliana. There were three diverged nucleotides between the Cr3529 and the 3529 Toc33 cDNAs, i.e., GGT/AGT, TTG/TTT, AGG/AGT, all of which belonged to missense mutation. The amino acid replacement ((Leu/Phe) caused by TTG/TTT mutation located in the membrane anchor domain may result in chlorophyll-reduced character in Cr3529.