gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the organophosphate hydrolase catalytic activity of SsoPox (2012)

SsoPox is a lactonase endowed with promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity isolated from Sulfolobus solfataricus that belongs to the Phosphotriesterase-Like Lactonase family. Because of its intrinsic thermal stability, SsoPox is seen as an appealing candidate as a bioscavenger for organophosphorus compounds. A comprehensive kinetic characterisation of SsoPox has been performed with various phosphotriesters (insecticides) and phosphodiesters (nerve agent analogues) as substrates. We show that SsoPox is active for a broad range of OPs and remains active under denaturing conditions. In addition, its OP hydrolase activity is highly stimulated by anionic detergent at ambient temperature and exhibits catalytic efficiencies as high as k(cat)/K(M) of 10(5) M(-1)s(-1) against a nerve agent analogue. The structure of SsoPox bound to the phosphotriester fensulfothion reveals an unexpected and non-productive binding mode. This feature suggests that SsoPox's active site is sub-optimal for phosphotriester binding, which depends not only upon shape but also on localised charge of the ligand.
A New Resource for Cereal Genomics: 22K Barley GeneChip Comes of Age (2004)

In recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to RNA and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. However, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. We report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22K Barley1 GeneChip probe array, a model for plants without a fully sequenced genome. Array content was derived from worldwide contribution of 350,000 high-quality ESTs from 84 cDNA libraries, in addition to 1,145 barley (Hordeum vulgare) gene sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant database. Conserved sequences expressed in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum), oat (Avena strigosa), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and maize (Zea mays) were identified that will be valuable in the design of arrays across grasses. To enhance the usability of the data, BarleyBase, a MIAME-compliant, MySQL relational database, serves as a public repository for raw and normalized expression data from the Barley1 GeneChip probe array. Interconnecting links with PlantGDB and Gramene allow BarleyBase users to perform gene predictions using the 21,439 non-redundant Barley1 exemplar sequences or cross-species comparison at the genome level, respectively. We expect that this first generation array will accelerate hypothesis generation and gene discovery in disease defense pathways, responses to abiotic stresses, development, and evolutionary diversity in monocot plants.
1,1'-Bis(alkylarylphosphino)ferrocenes: synthesis, metal complex formation, and crystal structure of three metal complexes of Fe(.eta.5-C5H4PPh2)2 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1'-Bis(alkylarylphosphino)ferrocenes: synthesis, metal complex formation, and crystal structure of three metal complexes of Fe(.eta.5-C5H4PPh2)2Ian R. Butler, William R. Cullen, Tae Jeong. Kim, Steven J. Rettig, and James. TrotterCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 6, 972–980Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00125a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om00125a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2560Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bahiagrass (<i>Paspalum notatum</i>) Seedhead Suppression Following Consecutive Yearly Applications of Plant Growth Retardants (1999)

Field trials evaluated sequential applications of plant growth retardants (PGRs) to bahiagrass for a 3-yr period at two Florida locations: Newberry (north Florida) and Okeechobee (south Florida). Seven PGRs from various chemical families were used: glyphosate, fluazifop, sethoxydim, maleic hydrazide, trinexapac-ethyl, imazapic, and imazaquin. In 1991 and 1992, PGRs reduced turf color for 2 to 4 wk after treatment (WAT) at the Newberry location but remained above acceptable levels (> 5.0) and recovered by 6 WAT. In 1993, glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide reduced turf color below acceptable levels (< 5.0) 4 WAT, but turf color was acceptable by 6 WAT. Turf color was slightly reduced following single and sequential imazapic applications in Okeechobee; however, turf recovered by 8 WAT. Cumulative seedhead suppression at both locations increased during the 3 yr resulting in at least a 60% reduction in seedhead numbers. Seedhead production each year was 10 to 50% less at 12 WAT in treated plots than in the previous year. Single applications of imazapic and imazapic + imazaquin provided 85 to 100% seedhead suppression for 12 WAT and 100% suppression for up to 16 wk following sequential applications made 8 wk after the initial application (WAI). Single applications of glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide provided ≥ 70% seedhead suppression for 4 to 8 WAT. Sequential applications of fluazifop made 8 WAI provided > 70% control of seedheads through 8 to 16 WAI for 3 yr.
The application of line imaging velocimetry to provide high resolution spatially resolved velocity data in plate impact experiments (2015)

A single streak camera line imaging velocimeter has been applied to Armco® iron plate impact experiments to study material response at the grain scale. The grain size and phase distribution were determined with electron back scatter diffraction. The optical system resolution and fringe size were optimised to suit the grain size distribution. Comparisons of the performance and merits of several analysis algorithms including the 'Fourier transform', 'fringe tracking', 'quadrature' and the 'continuous wavelet transform' have been made by application to synthetic data. Point heterodyne velocimetry measurements made at the same location on the target surface have been compared with the line imaging velocimetry data for confirmation.
Refractive Index Engineering With Subwavelength Gratings in Silicon Microphotonic Waveguides (2011)

In this review, we summarize and discuss our recent studies of subwavelength grating (SWG) structures for engineering the refractive index of silicon microphotonic waveguides. The SWG effect allows control of the effective refractive index of a waveguide core over a range spanning the values of the cladding material and silicon by lithographic patterning. We demonstrate this effect with the example of segmented photonic wire waveguides, which are shown to exhibit low propagation loss, and can be used to make highly efficient waveguide crossings and in-plane fiber-chip coupling structures. Other applications of SWG structures in silicon photonic waveguide devices include surface grating couplers with enhanced performance and simplified fabrication requirements, as well as a novel curved waveguide sidewall grating micro-spectrometer, in which an SWG structure fulfills a dual purpose by acting as an effective slab waveguide for diffracted light and as a lateral cladding for a channel waveguide.
Total synthesis of (+)-costunolide (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+)-costunolidePaul A. Grieco and Mugio NishizawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 10, 1717–1720Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00430a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00430a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1141Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On‐Site Formation of Emulsions by Controlled Air Plugs (2013)

Air plugs are usually undesirable in microfluidic systems because of their detrimental effect on the system's stability and integrity. By controlling the wetting properties as well as the topographical geometry of the microchannel, it is reported herein that air plugs can be generated in pre-defined locations to function as a unique valve, allowing for the on-site formation of various emulsions including single-component droplets, composite droplets with droplet-to-droplet concentration gradient, blood droplets, paired droplets, as well as bubble arrays without the need for precious flow control, a difficult task with conventional droplet microfluidics. Moreover, the self-generated air valve can be readily deactivated (turned off) by the introduction of an oil phase, allowing for the on-demand release of as-formed droplets for downstream applications. It is proposed that the simple, yet versatile nature of this technique can act as an important method for droplet microfluidics and, in particular, is ideal for the development of affordable lab-on-a-chip systems without suffering from scalability and manufacturing challenges that typically confound the conventional droplet microfluidics.
Effects of periodic photoinhibitory light exposure on physiology and productivity of Arabidopsis plants grown under low light (2017)

This work examined the long-term effects of periodic high light stress on photosynthesis, morphology, and productivity of low-light-acclimated Arabidopsis plants. Significant photoinhibition of Arabidopsis seedlings grown under low light (100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) was observed at the beginning of the high light treatment (three times a day for 30 min at 1800 μmol photons m-2 s-1). However, after 2 weeks of treatment, similar photosynthesis yields (Fv/Fm) to those of control plants were attained. The daily levels of photochemical quenching measured in the dark (qPd) indicated that the plants recovered from photoinhibition within several hours once transferred back to low light conditions, with complete recovery being achieved overnight. Acclimation to high light stress resulted in the modification of the number, structure, and position of chloroplasts, and an increase in the average chlorophyll a/b ratio. During ontogenesis, high-light-exposed plants had lower total leaf areas but higher above-ground biomass. This was attributed to the consumption of starch for stem and seed production. Moreover, periodic high light exposure brought forward the reproductive phase and resulted in higher seed yields compared with control plants grown under low light. The responses to periodic high light exposure of mature Arabidopsis plants were similar to those of seedlings but had higher light tolerance.
Preparation of cationic starch containing quaternary ammonium substituents by reactive twin‐screw extrusion processing (1994)

Abstract Cationic starch, an important additive for papermaking and other uses, was prepared from native cornstarch and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide using a twin‐screw extruder as the reactor. The effects of physical and chemical reaction variables on reaction efficiency (RE) and degree of substitution (DS) of up to 0.05 were studied. RE was based on nitrogen content contributed by cationization of the starch after the products were exhaustively washed to remove unreacted monomer. Under certain reaction conditions, exceptionally high RE (90%+) was achieved, exceeding maximum values previously reported using laboratory‐batch reaction procedures. The combined effects of high reaction temperature (90°C), intense mixing, high‐starch solids (65%), and appropriate levels of catalyst contributed to the unusually high RE values achieved by the reactive extrusion process. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. †
Edge-Computing-Aware Deployment of Stream Processing Tasks Based on Topology-External Information: Model, Algorithms, and a Storm-Based Prototype (2016)

Stream Processing Frameworks (SPF, e.g., Apache Storm) are solutions that facilitate and manage the execution of processing topologies that consist of multiple parallelizable steps (or tasks) and involve continuous data exchange among these tasks. Stemming from the world of Cloud-centric Big Data processing, SPFs often fail to address certain requirements of Internet-of-Things systems. For example, existing deployment solutions ignore the fact that topology tasks can also be involved in other interactions and data-intensive communication flows, which are not taking place between the tasks, but between a task and another Internet-of-things entity, such as an actuator, a database, or a user. This paper describes SPF extensions for taking these interactions into account. The extensions are described both generically and as extensions of Apache Storm. In a simple evaluation upon a topology which involves topology-external interactions, we demonstrate how our solution can eliminate latency requirements violations and reduce Cloud-to-edge bandwidth consumption to 1/3 compared to Apache Storm.
Engineering of a polymeric bacterial protein as a scaffold for the multiple display of peptides (2004)

Protein assemblies with a high degree of repetitiveness and organization are known to induce strong immune responses. For that reason they have been postulated for the design of subunit vaccines by means of protein engineering. The enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is highly immunogenic, presumably owing to its homodecameric arrangement and remarkable thermodynamic stability. Structural analysis has shown that it is possible to insert foreign peptides at the ten amino terminus of BLS without disrupting its general folding. These peptides would be displayed to the immune system in a highly symmetric three-dimensional array. In the present work, BLS has been used as a protein carrier of foreign peptides. We have established a modular system to produce chimeric proteins decorated with ten copies of a desired peptide as long as 27 residues and have shown that their folding and stability is similar to that of the wild-type protein. The knowledge about the mechanisms of dissociation and unfolding of BLS allowed the engineering of polyvalent chimeras displaying different predefined peptides on the same molecular scaffold. Moreover, the reassembly of mixtures of chimeras at different steps of the unfolding process was used to control the stoichiometry and spatial arrangement for the simultaneous display of different peptides on BLS. This strategy would be useful for vaccine development and other biomedical applications.
Importance of Early Recognition and Treatment of Deformational Plagiocephaly with Orthotic Cranioplasty (1999)

These findings support clinical observations that earlier intervention results in significantly improved treatment of plagiocephaly, independent of the severity of the presenting asymmetries.
The proatherogenic cytokine interleukin-18 is secreted by human adipocytes (2005)

Objective : Interleukin (IL)-18, an important mediator of innate immunity and strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, was shown recently to be elevated in obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate whether human adipocytes produce IL-18. Methods : Human adipose tissue was obtained from lean women undergoing elective plastic surgery and from obese individuals undergoing laparoscopic surgery (gastric banding). Preadipocytes from mammary adipose tissue were isolated and differentiated under defined adipogenic conditions. IL-18 expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry. Results : Human preadipocytes of all differentiation stages spontaneously secreted IL-18. In parallel significant amounts of IL-18 mRNA were detected. Freshly isolated mature adipocytes from subcutaneous and omental depots also released IL-18. IL-18 release from adipocytes from obese donors was about 3-fold higher compared to adipocytes from non-obese donors. Conclusions : We conclude that human adipose tissue produces IL-18 and thereby contributes to systemic IL-18 concentrations. This finding supports the concepts that adipocytes behave as primitive immune cells and that IL-18 may mediate some of the detrimental complications of obesity such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
An introduction to theoretical kinematics (1990)

Introduction to Theoretical Kinematics provides a uniform presentation of the mathematical foundations required for studying the movement of a kinematic chain that makes up robot arms, mechanical hands, walking machines, and similar mechanisms. It is a concise and readable introduction that takes a more modern approach than other kinematics texts and introduces several useful derivations that are new to the literature. The author employees a unique format, highlighting the similarity of the mathematical results for planar, spherical, and spatial cases by studying them all in each chapter rather than as separate topics. For the first time, he applies to kinematic theory two tools of modern mathematics--the theory of multivectors and the theory of Clifford algebras--that serve to clarify the seemingly arbitrary nature of the construction of screws and dual quaternions. The first two chapters formulate the matrices that represent planar, spherical, and spatial displacements and examine a continuous set of displacements which define a continuous movement of a body, introducing the operator. Chapter 3 focuses on the tangent operators of spatial motion as they are reassembled into six-dimensional vectors or screws, placing these in the modern setting of multivector algebra. Clifford algebras are used in chapter 4 to unify the construction of various hypercomplex numbers. Chapter 5 presents the elementary formulas that compute the degrees of freedom, or mobility, of kinematic chains, and chapter 6 defines the structure equations of these chains in terms of matrix transformations. The last chapter computes the quaternion form ofthe structure equations for ten specific mechanisms. These equations define parameterized manifolds in the Clifford algebras, or image spaces, associated with planar, spherical, and spatial displacements. McCarthy reveals a particularly interesting result by showing that these parameters can be mathematically manipulated to yield hyperboloids or intersections of hyperboloids.
NHBPEP report on high blood pressure in pregnancy: a summary for family physicians. (2001)

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy recently issued a report implicating hypertension as a complication in 6 to 8 percent of pregnancies. Hypertension in pregnancy is related to one of four conditions: (1) chronic hypertension that predates pregnancy; (2) preeclampsia-eclampsia, a serious, systemic syndrome of elevated blood pressure, proteinuria and other findings; (3) chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia; and (4) gestational hypertension, or nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy. Edema is no longer a criterion for preeclampsia, and the definition of blood pressure elevation is 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Patients with gestational hypertension have previously unrecognized chronic hypertension, emerging preeclampsia or transient hypertension of pregnancy, an obstetrically benign condition. Because distinguishing among these conditions can be done only in retrospect, clinical management of gestational hypertension consists of repeated evaluations to look for signs of emerging preeclampsia. Women with chronic hypertension should be followed for evidence of fetal growth restriction or superimposed preeclampsia. Management options for chronic hypertension in most women include discontinuing antihypertensive medications during pregnancy, switching to methyldopa or continuing previous antihypertensive therapy.
A quantitative investigation on the X‐ray small angle scattering of cellulose fibers. Part II. The scattering power of various cellulose fibers (1959)

Abstract This paper reports on quantitative measurements of the small angle scattering of various rayons and ramie fibers as functions of moisture content using a three slit vacuum camera and monochromatic radiation. The scattered intensity was normalized on sample thickness and primary intensity through determination of the absorbance of the sample and of the intensity of the transmitted beam measured in arbitrary units. From these data the scattering power as defined by Porod, being the mean square of the fluctuations of the electron density, was calculated. This quantity was then converted into electron units through calibration of the procedure with exposures of noble metal sols of known composition and thus of computable scattering power. The exprimental results were compared with the scattering power calculated for cellulose fibers when regarded as submicro tow‐phase systems consisting of crystalline cellulose imbedded in a homogeneous mixture of noncrystalline cellulose and water. In the air‐dry state a few of the rayon speciman examined exhibited a scattering power of magnitude consistent with theory. The majority yielded much higher values, up to six times larger (so does dry ramie). This is interpreted by the occurrence of submicro voids to a volume fracton of less than 0.75%, variable from fiber to fiber. This explanation is corroborated by the existenc of a distinct correlation between scattering power and gravimetric density of the fiber. In conclusion, microvoids are the principal scattering “particles” in dry fibers. The values of the scattering power of water swollen rayons and ramie can be interpretated on the basis of a three‐pahse model, with the phases consisting of crystalline cellulose, a homogeneous mixture of amorphous cellulose with water, and water, respectively.
Polymer-Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanobelts and Hierarchical Nanocolumns (2007)

Single-crystalline silver nanobelts larger than 10 μm in length, 60−100 nm in width, and 30−40 nm in thickness were synthesized facilely in aqueous solutions under the direction of poly(acrylic acid) at 4 °C. With the addition of acetic acid to the solution, unique hierarchical silver nanocolumns consisting of stacked nanoplates were fabricated.