gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coulomb explosion effect and the maximum energy of protons accelerated by high-power lasers (2005)

The acceleration of light ions (protons) through the interaction of a high-power laser pulse with a double-layer target is theoretically studied by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and a one-dimensional analytical model. It is shown that the maximum energy acquired by the accelerated light ions (protons) depends on the physical characteristics of a heavy-ion layer (electron-ion mass ratio and effective charge state of the ions). In our theoretical model, the hydrodynamic equations for both electron and heavy-ion species are solved and the test-particle approximation for the light ions (protons) is applied. The heavy-ion motion is found to modify the longitudinal electric field distribution, thus changing the acceleration conditions for the protons.
Metal Ion-Imprinted Polymer Prepared by the Combination of Surface Template Polymerization with Postirradiation by γ-rays (1997)

Zinc ion-imprinted polymers were prepared by the combination of surface template polymerization and irradiation by γ-rays. Dioleyl phosphate, which has two C−C double bonds in the oleyl chains, and divinylbenzene were employed as a functional monomer and a cross-linking agent, respectively. After the surface template polymerization with water-in-oil emulsions, the imprinted resins were irradiated with γ-rays to make the polymer matrices more rigid and also to allow the functional monomer to attach firmly to the matrices. The irradiated imprinted resin exhibits a tremendously high selectivity toward zinc ions over copper ions. Thus it is understood that the postirradiated imprinted polymers are characterized by stable and highly specific recognition sites. The combination of surface template polymerization with irradiation with γ-rays offers a potential technique to construct highly selective molecular-recognizing polymers applicable to the adsorption of various water-soluble substances.
Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection (1996)

Testing for increased vaginal white blood cells was found to be the most sensitive laboratory indicator for upper genital tract infection, whereas serum WBC was the most specific. No one diagnostic laboratory test is pathognomonic for upper genital tract infection. Combinations of positive tests can improve diagnostic specificity and positive predictive value, but with a diminution of sensitivity and negative predictive value. Combinations of negative tests can reliably exclude upper genital tract infection.
Optimization-based design and implementation of multidimensional zero-phase IIR filters (2006)

This paper considers multidimensional infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters that are iteratively implemented. The focus is on zero-phase filters with symmetric polynomials in the numerator and denominator of the multivariable transfer function. A rigorous optimization-based design of the filter is considered. Transfer function magnitude specifications, convergence speed requirements for the iterative implementation, and spatial decay of the filter impulse response (which defines the boundary condition influence in the spatial domain of the filtered signal) are all formulated as optimization constraints. When the denominator of the zero-phase IIR filter is strictly positive, these frequency domain specifications can be cast as a linear program and then efficiently solved. The method is illustrated with two two-dimensional IIR filter design examples.
Real-time rendering of continuous levels of detail for sparse voxel octrees (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to real-time, continuous and symmetrical level of detail (LOD) management\nof a 3D object represented by a sparse voxel octree (SVO). We propose a new method for continuous\nand symmetrical transition between two detail levels. The method is based on a SVO representation extended by\nredundant, helper nodes which are used to achieve a proper interpolation of geometry and material data. We extend\nredundant nodes with a transition direction attribute. Additional memory requirements are minimized by storing\nindices in a direction vector lookup table in object space. The new method is applied for an accurate evaluation of\nthe required LOD. It uses an image-based evaluation function, i.e. the standard level transition function based on\ncamera distance is extended by the real-time calculation of the current LOD pixel fill rate. We extend typical level\ntransition function based on distance with real-time calculation of the current LOD pixel fill rate. Two different\nimage based methods of SVO node pixel fill rate calculations using compute shaders or GPU queries and parallel\nreduce are presented. The developed LOD management algorithm is applicable for a raytracing and a rasterizationbased\nrendering pipeline. The LOD transition algorithm allows to perform a dynamic and continues control of the\nSVO based objects which have not been available in other works. Moreover, the proposed fading algorithm based\non the fade out direction and scaling allows for a LOD change without any graphical artifacts or loss of the virtual\nscene immersion.
Rectangular building extraction from stereoscopic airborne Radar images (2005)

From the recent availability of images recorded by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) airborne systems, automatic results of digital elevation models (DEMs) on urban structures have been published lately. This paper deals with automatic extraction of three-dimensional (3-D) buildings from stereoscopic high-resolution images recorded by the SAR airborne RAMSES sensor from the French Aerospace Research Center (ONERA). On these images, roofs are not very textured whereas typical strong L-shaped echoes are visible. These returns generally result from dihedral corners between ground and structures. They provide a part of the building footprints and the ground altitude, but not the building heights. Thus, we present an adapted processing scheme in two steps. First is stereoscopic structure extraction from L-shaped echoes. Buildings are detected on each image using the Hough transform. Then they are recognized during a stereoscopic refinement stage based on a criterion optimization. Second, is height measurement. As most of previous extracted footprints indicate the ground altitude, building heights are found by monoscopic and stereoscopic measures. Between structures, ground altitudes are obtained by a dense matching process. Experiments are performed on images representing an industrial area. Results are compared with a ground truth. Advantages and limitations of the method are brought out.
Pectin-Supplemented Enteral Diet Reduces the Severity of Methotrexate-Induced Enterocolitis in Rats (1996)

Pectin significantly decreased MTX-induced intestinal injury and improved bowel integrity.
ROENTGEN AND STEROID HORMONE THERAPY IN MAMMARY CANCER METASTATIC TO BONE (1950)

Bone metastases occur in a high percentage of cases of advanced mammary cancer and constitute perhaps the leading source of distress and disability from that disease. A majority of these metastases, but by no means all, produce pain; many are associated with pathological fracture. Should bone metastases be treated primarily with roentgen rays, with steroid hormones or with a combination of both? The occasional remarkable results obtained with one or another of these methods tend to bias the attending physician and confuse the serious therapeutist. In an attempt to answer the first two parts of this question, my associates and I have reviewed the results in a consecutive series of cases of bone metastasis from breast cancers treated with roentgen irradiation alone and with steroid hormone therapy alone. In addition, we have been privileged to take part in the studies of the Subcommittee on Steroids and Cancer (of the Committee
Green synthesis of dual-surface nanocomposite films using Tollen’s method (2014)

Abstract Nanocomposite films with dual-surface, silver (Ag) layers and silver-polyvinyl alcohol (Ag-PVA) bulk layers were prepared by Tollen’s reagent using β-D-glucose as a green reducing agent in water as an environmentally-friendly solvent and in PVA as a bio-friendly polymer. The gradual color change of Ag in PVA solutions from colorless to light brown and then to brown, and finally dark brown, indicated the formation of Ag nanoparticles in the bulk of the PVA solution which finally formed Ag layers on the inner side of the glass. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanocomposite films with two surfaces. The Ag content of the Ag layers reached 93% with a higher crystallinity. The Ag content of the Ag-PVA bulk layers reached 10.8% with a lower crystallinity due to incorporation of Ag nanoparticles in the polymer chains. The structure and morphology of the two surfaces were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Validation of a high-throughput fermentation system based on online monitoring of biomass and fluorescence in continuously shaken microtiter plates (2009)

The BioLector technology is a very useful tool to perform quantitative microfermentations under engineered reaction conditions. With this technique, specific yields and rates can be directly deduced from online biomass and product concentrations, which is superior to existing technologies such as microplate readers or optode-based cultivation systems. In particular, applications with strong demand on high-throughput such as clone and media screening and systems biology can benefit from its simple handling, the high quantitative information content and its capacity of automation.
Precipitation of Si from the Al Metallization of Integrated Circuits (1972)

The Al metallization of integrated circuits is known to dissolve ½% or more Si, but the ultimate location of this Si has been uncertain. An electron microprobe operated at low beam energy so as to penetrate only the upper portion of the metallization was used to follow the movement of dissolved Si on cooling after the ``forming'' heat treatment. Dissolved Si substantially less than a diffusion length from the substrate was found to regrow there; elsewhere the Si forms precipitates in the Al matrix, preferentially near the free surface of the Al.
Analysis of SAW grating waveguides using 2-D coupling-of-modes equations (2002)

In surface acoustic wave (SAW) periodic structures, the phase velocity in the grating region has a velocity dispersion caused by the periodic perturbation. Therefore, a grating waveguide with a finite width needs to be analyzed considering the frequency dependence. In this paper, the paraxial two-dimensional coupling-of-modes equations (2-D COM equations) presented by Haus and Wang (1978) are extended to take into account substrate anisotropy, propagation loss, and electrical terminals. A distributed-parameter equivalent circuit for each guided mode is derived from the solution of the 2-D COM equations and some electrical transmission responses calculated using this circuit are compared with measured results.
Criminal Law—Scarlet Letters: Traffic Stops Based on “Special” License Plates Must Follow the Letter of the Constitution—State v. Henning (2003)

The Minnesota Supreme Court recently addressed whether a Minnesota statute authorizing law enforcement to stop motorists based solely on the presence of special license plates issued primarily to repeat drunken drivers is proper under the United States and Minnesota Constitutions. In State v. Henning, the court held the statute unconstitutional by a 4-3 decision. Finding no persuasive reason to do otherwise, the court struck down the legislature's attempt to eliminate the requirement that law enforcement have “reasonable articulable suspicion” to conduct an investigatory stop of a motor vehicle. This article provides a brief survey of similar laws in other states that require offenders to visually inform the police and public that they have been convicted of drunken driving or other crimes--a requirement reminiscent of centuries-old “scarlet letter” sentencing. The article then explains two constitutional issues key to the Henning decision: the United States Supreme Court's “reasonable articulable suspicion” standard and its erosion, and the Minnesota Constitution's strong protections against “seizure.” Next, the article traces the history and holding of the Henning case and focuses on the statutes involved. Finally, the article critiques the Minnesota Supreme Court's majority opinion and dissent, noting that while the court has outlawed traffic stops based solely on special “WX,” “WY,” or “WZ” license plates, police are likely to receive the benefit of the doubt as long as they can provide any reasonable reason for the stop.
Is the Catalytic Monolith Reactor Well Suited to Environmentally Benign Processing? (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIs the Catalytic Monolith Reactor Well Suited to Environmentally Benign Processing?Jacques Villermaux and Daniel SchweichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 12, 3025–3030Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00036a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00036a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Orientation of crystalline dipoles in poly(vinylidene fluoride) films under electric field (1978)

Orientation of molecular dipoles in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) films under electric field has been measured by ir spectroscopy using ir transparent indium-tin-oxide electrodes. Significant changes in ir transmission with electric field have been observed at 512 and 446 cm−1, which demonstrate that crystalline dipoles in β-phase PVF2 orient along the electric field. As the field is cycled between positive and negative values, the dipole orientation exhibits a hysteresislike behavior, demonstrating that the polarization of β-phase PVF2 and its switching result directly from the orientation of crystalline dipoles. Time response of dipole orientation shows that the total orientation consists of an instantaneous part and a slowly developing part. Only the latter seems to contribute to the remnant polarization and its switching.
Stimulation of skin's energy metabolism provides multiple benefits for mature human skin (2005)

As an organism ages, there is a decline in mitochondrial function and cellular energy balance. This decline is both accelerated by and can cause the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, lipid membranes as well as structural and catalytic proteins, especially those involved in energetic pathways of cells. Further, ROS have also been linked to some of the detrimental skin changes that occur as a result of photoaging. We have previously shown that levels of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a component of the respiratory chain in mitochondria, are reduced in skin cells from aging donors, and that topical supplementation can ameliorate processes involved in skin aging. Creatine is another important component of the cellular energy system and phosphocreatine, its phosphorylated form, functions as a reservoir for high energy phosphates. Unfortunately the creatine system and thus the energy storage mechanism in skin are negatively affected by aging and conditions of oxidative stress. This article reviews some of our in vivo data about the synergistic effects of combining a stabilized form of Creatine with CoQ10 and clearly depicts their beneficial effects as active ingredients in topical formulations.
Research Challenges for Network Function Virtualization - Re-Architecting Middlebox for High Performance and Efficient, Elastic and Resilient Platform to Create New Services - (2017)

Today's enterprise, data-center, and internet-service-provider networks deploy different types of network devices, including switches, routers, and middleboxes such as network address translation and firewalls. These devices are vertically integrated monolithic systems. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are promising technologies for dis-aggregating vertically integrated systems into components by using “softwarization”. Software-defined networking separates the control plane from the data plane of switch and router, while NFV decouples high-layer service functions (SFs) or Network Functions (NFs) implemented in the data plane of a middlebox and enables the innovation of policy implementation by using SF chaining. Even though there have been several survey studies in this area, this area is continuing to grow rapidly. In this paper, we present a recent survey of this area. In particular, we survey research activities in the areas of re-architecting middleboxes, state management, high-performance platforms, service chaining, resource management, and trouble shooting. Efforts in these research areas will enable the development of future virtual-network-function platforms and innovation in service management while maintaining acceptable capital and operational expenditure.
Effect of Electrostatic Force Truncation on Interfacial and Transport Properties of Water (1996)

The importance of accurately accounting for all Coulombic forces in molecular dynamics simulations of water at interfaces is demonstrated by comparing the Ewald summation technique with various spherical truncation methods. The increased structure induced by truncation methods at 12 Å leads to water/vapor surface tensions and surface potentials that are respectively 50% and 100% greater than obtained with Ewald. The orientational polarization of water at the lipid/water interface is analyzed within the Marcelja−Radic theory of the hydration force, yielding decay parameters of 2.6 and 1.8 Å for spherical truncation and Ewald, respectively, as compared with 1.7−2.1 Å obtained from experiment. Bulk water transport properties such as the viscosity and diffusion constants differ by as much as 100% between simulations carried out with and without truncation; this may be related to ordering in the neighborhood of the cutoff radius. The diffusion constant calculated from the Ewald simulation is significantly further from experiment than the cutoff result, pointing out the need to reparametrize the TIP3P water model for use with Ewald summation. Appendices describe a method for carrying out the Ewald summation on a distributed memory parallel computer and other computational details relevant when simulating large systems.
Resilient Identity Crime Detection (2011)

Identity crime is well known, prevalent, and costly; and credit application fraud is a specific case of identity crime. The existing nondata mining detection system of business rules and scorecards, and known fraud matching have limitations. To address these limitations and combat identity crime in real time, this paper proposes a new multilayered detection system complemented with two additional layers: communal detection (CD) and spike detection (SD). CD finds real social relationships to reduce the suspicion score, and is tamper resistant to synthetic social relationships. It is the whitelist-oriented approach on a fixed set of attributes. SD finds spikes in duplicates to increase the suspicion score, and is probe-resistant for attributes. It is the attribute-oriented approach on a variable-size set of attributes. Together, CD and SD can detect more types of attacks, better account for changing legal behavior, and remove the redundant attributes. Experiments were carried out on CD and SD with several million real credit applications. Results on the data support the hypothesis that successful credit application fraud patterns are sudden and exhibit sharp spikes in duplicates. Although this research is specific to credit application fraud detection, the concept of resilience, together with adaptivity and quality data discussed in the paper, are general to the design, implementation, and evaluation of all detection systems.
Feline E. coli bacteremia--effects of misoprostol/scavengers or methylprednisolone on hemodynamic reactions and gastrointestinal mucosal injury. (1990)

Live E. coli were infused i.v. in cats to induce gastrointestinal mucosal injury and the gastric mucosa was exposed to bile and a luminal pH of 1. A gastric lesion index was calculated and intestinal injury was graded. The effects of i.v. methylprednisolone before and after induction of bacteremia were compared with those of intragastric misoprostol combined with i.v. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and with a control group. Methylprednisolone, but not misoprostol/SOD/catalase, significantly reduced the gastric lesion index (p less than 0.05). The duodenum/small intestine was significantly injured in 4/6, 2/6 and 4/6 cats in the misoprostol/SOD/catalase, methylprednisolone and control groups, respectively (NS). End gastric luminal pH was 3.9, 2.7 and 4.5 in the respective groups (p less than 0.05), with systemic arterial pH 7.15, 7.15 and 7.32 (NS). Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were improved with methylprednisolone. Misoprostol/SOD/catalase reduced late hypotension. Pulmonary arterial pressure rose to c. 200% of basal in all groups. Methylprednisolone, but not misoprostol/SOD/catalase, thus protected the gastric mucosa from sepsis-induced gastric injury concomitant with reduced disappearance of protons from the gastric lumen, but did not significantly affect small-bowel damage. Hemodynamic responses were significantly improved in methylprednisolone-pretreated cats.
Pattern Recognition Using The Ring-Wedge Detector And Neural-Network Software (1989)

In pattern recognition and in optical metrology, optical transform systems have been widely applied. Their use is particularly appropriate when the object is detailed and the recognition depends upon features that can be coarsely sampled in the transform space. Now with the advent of neural-network software, it is shown that the major difficulty in applying this optoelectronic hybrid is overcome. Using the ring-wedge photodetector and neural-network software, we illustrate the classification technique using thumbprints. This is a problem of known difficulty to us. Instead of a 4 person-month effort to devise software for its solution, we find that a 4-hour effort is all that is required. Other experiments also discussed are the sorting of photographs of cats and dogs, particulate suspensions, and image quality of digital halftones. All of these are shown to be promising examples for the application of the ring-wedge detector and neural-network software.