gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears (1953)

This paper describes a number of objective experiments on recognition, concerning particularly the relation between the messages received by the two ears. Rather than use steady tones or clicks (frequency or time-point signals) continuous speech is used, and the results interpreted in the main statistically. Two types of test are reported: (a) the behavior of a listener when presented with two speech signals simultaneously (statistical filtering problem) and (b) behavior when different speech signals are presented to his two ears.
Lumineszenz-photometrische Messungen der Energieabsorption im Strahlungsfeld von Elektronenquellen Eindimensionaler Fall in Luft (1957)

Es wurde die Energie-Absorption a (z) von Luft im Strahlungsfeld einer speziellen Elektronenquelle als Funktion der Eindringtiefe z gemessen („Tiefendosiskurven“). Als Maß für die Absorption wurde die Lumineszenz der Luft verwendet. Die Elektronenquelle lieferte ein Elektronenbündel, das durch eine dynamische Druckstufenstrecke aus dem Vakuum in die Luft überführt wurde. Die Anfangsenergie E 0 der Elektronen wurde von 5- 54 keV variiert. Für die Reichweite R der Elektronen als Funktion von E 0 wurde ein Potenzgesetz gefunden. Über z/R als Abszisse aufgetragen und geeignet normiert, zeigen die gemessenen Funktionen α (z) nur eine geringe Abhängigkeit von E 0 . Zahlenwerte für die Bremsung -dE/ds der Elektronen, die sich aus den Meßkurven entnehmen lassen, zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit der BETHESchen Theorie.
Highly Active and Robust Cp* Iridium Complexes for Catalytic Water Oxidation (2009)

A series of Cp*Ir catalysts are the most active known by over an order of magnitude for water oxidation with Ce(IV). DFT calculations support a Cp*Ir=O complex as an active species.
Chemical and physical aspects of the post-exposure baking process used for positive-tone chemically amplified resists (2001)

Chemically amplified (CA) resists are in widespread use for the fabrication of leading-edge microelectronic devices, and it is anticipated that they will see use well into the future. The refinement and optimization of these materials to allow routine imaging at dimensions that will ultimately approach the molecular scale will depend on an improved in-depth understanding of the materials and their processing. We provide here an overview of recent work in our laboratory on the chemical and physical processes that occur during post-exposure baking (PEB) of positive-tone CA resists. Our results provide a clearer understanding of how this critical step in the lithographic imaging process will affect extendibility of the CA resist concept to nanoscale feature sizes.
Continuous production of NADP by immobilized <i>Brevibacterium ammoniagenes</i> cells (1979)

Abstract Whole cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes IAM 1645 having the polyphosphate NAD‐kinase were successfully immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel lattice. The immobilized cells were activated by treatment with organic solvents or detergents. The pH optimum of the immobilized cells for the production of NADP was 7.0, and divalent metal ions were required to maintain the elevated activity of polyphosphate NAD‐kinase. Highly pure NADP was continuously produced in high yield by the immobilized cell column. The half‐life of this column was about eight days.
Interactions of Homocysteine, Nitric Oxide, Folate and Radicals in the Progressively Damaged Endothelium (2003)

The endothelium exerts fundamental control over vascular tone, and injury to the endothelium followed by dysfunction is an early key event preceding manifestation of vessel pathology. Both elevated plasma homocysteine and low folate status have been identified as major and independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and have stirred an enormous and still increasing interest. The damaging effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on endothelial function are, at least in part, reversible through folate supplementation. Because of the inverse relationship between plasma folate and homocysteine levels, however, it is difficult to discriminate between their respective effects. Endothelial dysfunction refers mainly to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in homocysteinemediated vascular damage. Accumulating evidence further suggests that radical oxygen species are fundamentally involved in hyperhomocysteinemia. NO production is determined by cofactors such as tetrahydrobiopterin, which is oxidized and depleted in conditions of oxidant stress by peroxynitrite. Deficiency of tetrahydrofolate contributes to uncoupling, turning the NO synthase into a superoxide radical-producing enzyme. It appears that progression of vascular disease is likely to determine the multiple interactions between homocysteine, NO, oxygen radicals and folate. Folate has only recently been found to exert direct anti-oxidative effects and contribute to restoration of impaired NO metabolism. Understanding of the complex interactions between homocysteine, radicals, NO and folate offers promising perspectives in the individual treatment of vascular disease. Thus, preventive and therapeutic strategies may require a more distinct approach and better discrimination of target groups for greatest possible efficacy.
On the "personalization" of PCS (2002)

With a few recent exceptions, telecommunication services have historically provided connections between terminals rather than between persons. Recent technical developments have introduced the capability to utilize these terminal connections so as to provide logical connections between users. This possibility introduces a new set of telecommunications challenges. This paper explores these challenges, lists some necessary global capabilities, and offers a few sample solutions.
Enhanced growth of lactobacilli and bioconversion of isoflavones in biotin-supplemented soymilk by electroporation (2011)

This study aimed at utilizing electroporation to further enhance the growth of lactobacilli and their isoflavone bioconversion activities in biotin-supplemented soymilk. Strains of lactobacilli were treated with different pulsed electric field strength (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kV/cm) for 3, 3.5 and 4 ms prior to inoculation and fermentation in biotin-soymilk at 37°C for 24 h. Electroporation triggered structural changes within the cellular membrane of lactobacilli that caused lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and alteration of membrane fluidity (p < 0.05). This was due to the application of electric potential difference across membrane that induced pores formation and subsequently increased membrane permeability. Reversible permeabilized cells resumed growth to >9 log CFU/ml after fermentation in biotin-soymilk (p < 0.05). Lactobacilli cells treated at electric field strength of 7.5 kV/cm for 3.5 ms also showed enhanced β-glucosidase activity (p < 0.05) compared to lower doses and control, leading to increased bioconversion of isoflavones glucosides to aglycones in biotin-soymilk (p < 0.05). Results from this study show that electroporation could be used to produce biotin-soymilk with increased bioactive aglycones.
Presence and Unpredictability in Teacher Education (2020)

The basis of this paper is the talk held at the 7th SCENARIO Symposium at University College Cork on May 4, 2019. It describes the student teacher training program at Indiana University and makes the claim that performative approaches need to be a central part of teacher education. Excerpts of student teachers’ course journals emphasize the need for contextualized learning, the inclusion of physicality, as well as the importance for teachers to be fully present in the classroom and embrace the unpredictability of learning processes.
VERSATILITY OF SKIN ALLOGRAFTS (1971)

GRAHAM, WILLIAM P. III M.D.; HAMILTON, RALPH W. M.D.; LEHR, HERNDON B. M.D. Author Information
Lorentz force in the molten tip of an arc electrode (1965)

A general expression for the Lorentz force in the molten tip of an arc electrode is derived from the surface integral of Maxwell stress. The Lorentz force in typical situations is calculated and its variation and effect during the formation and detachment of the molten tip are discussed. Values much larger than those customarily associated with molten tips are seen to appear towards the end of the tip detachment cycle.
A performance comparison of Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, fast handovers for Mobile IPv6 and their combination (2003)

Mobile IP, the current IETF proposal for IP mobility support, represents a key element for future All-IP wireless networks to provide service continuity while on the move within a multi-access environment. We conducted a performance evaluation of Mobile IPv6 and its proposed enhancements, i.e., Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 and our proposed combination of them, using the network simulator ns-2 for the case of a 'hot spot' deployment scenario. The simulation scenario comprises four access routers and up to 50 mobile nodes that communicate in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. The study provides quantitative results of the performance improvements obtained by the proposed enhancements as observed by a single mobile user with respect to handoff latency, packet loss rate and achieved bandwidth per station. As a complementary part of the study, the signaling load costs associated with the performance improvements provided by the enhancements has been analyzed. The simulation environment allowed us also to investigate the behavior of the protocol in extreme cases, e.g., under channel saturation conditions and considering different traffic sources: CBR, VoIP, Video and TCP transfers. While some simulation results corroborate the intention of the protocols specifications, other results give insights not easily gained without performing simulations. This study provides a deep understanding of the overall performance of the various protocols and supports the design process of a Mobile IPv6-based network when a decision of whether it is appropriate to implement any of the proposed Mobile IPv6 enhancements has to be made.
Evidence against the role of rhodopsin in rod outer segment binding to RPE cells. (1988)

The possible role of rhodopsin in the binding and phagocytosis of rod outer segments (ROS) by cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was studied using both quantitative phagocytosis assays and electron microscopy. In inhibition studies an immunoaffinity purified 2-39 N-terminal rhodopsin glycopeptide, a synthetic 1-16 peptide analogue of rhodopsin and purified, unsealed ROS disc membranes were found to be ineffective in inhibiting the binding of 125I-labeled ROS to RPE cells. A two-fold excess of unlabeled intact ROS, however, inhibited 125I-labeled ROS binding to RPE cells by over 40%. In another series of experiments, rhodopsin on the surface of fixed ROS was densely labeled with gold-dextran particles conjugated to an N-terminal-specific (rho 4D2) rhodopsin monoclonal antibody or its F(ab')2 fragment in an effort to block binding and phagocytosis by RPE cells. As visualized by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy using secondary and backscatter electron imaging, these antibody-gold-dextran-labeled ROS were effectively phagocytized by RPE cells. These results provide compelling evidence that rhodopsin in the ROS plasma membrane does not function as the ligand for recognition by RPE cells.
Introduction to a system for distributed databases (SDD-1) (1980)

The declining cost of computer hardware and the increasing data processing needs of geographically dispersed organizations have led to substantial interest in distributed data management. SDD-1 is a distributed database management system currently being developed by Computer Corporation of America. Users interact with SDD-1 precisely as if it were a nondistributed database system because SDD-1 handles all issues arising from the distribution of data. These issues include distributed concurrency control, distributed query processing, resiliency to component failure, and distributed directory management. This paper presents an overview of the SDD-1 design and its solutions to the above problems. This paper is the first of a series of companion papers on SDD-1 (Bernstein and Shipman [2], Bernstein et al. [4], and Hammer and Shipman [14]).
A case study of electromigration reliability: From design point to system operations (2015)

While great efforts have been made to counter the EM reliability degradation due to technology scaling, closer cooperation is needed among semiconductor fabricators, circuit/chip designers and system integrators to ensure final product reliability. This paper presents an example of systematic EM reliability evaluation from design point definition to chip design verification, to system characterization, and finally to EM reliability monitoring from in-field operations.
Decision Support Systems in the 21st Century (1998)

1. Introduction to Decision Support Systems. 2. Decisions and Decision Makers. 3. Decision in the Organization. 4. Modeling Decision Processes. 5. Group Decision Support and Groupware Technologies. 6. Executive Information Systems. 7. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. 8. Knowledge Engineering and Acquisition. 9. Machines That Can Learn. 10. The Data Warehouse. 11. Data Mining and Data Visualization. 12. Designing and Building the Data Warehouse. 13. The Systems Perspective of a DSS. 14. Designing and Building Decision Support Systems. 15. Implementing and Integrating Decision Support Systems. 16. Creative Decision Making and Problem Solving. 17. Intelligent Software Agents, Bots, Delegation, and Agency. 18. Decision Support in the Twenty-First Century. Appendix A: Decision Style Inventory III. References. Index.
Micro‐RNA‐31 controls hair cycle‐associated changes in gene expression programs of the skin and hair follicle (2010)

The hair follicle is a cyclic biological system that progresses through stages of growth, regression, and quiescence, which involves dynamic changes in a program of gene regulation. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are critically important for the control of gene expression and silencing. Here, we show that global miRNA expression in the skin markedly changes during distinct stages of the hair cycle in mice. Furthermore, we show that expression of miR-31 markedly increases during anagen and decreases during catagen and telogen. Administration of antisense miR-31 inhibitor into mouse skin during the early- and midanagen phases of the hair cycle results in accelerated anagen development, and altered differentiation of hair matrix keratinocytes and hair shaft formation. Microarray, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that miR-31 negatively regulates expression of Fgf10, the components of Wnt and BMP signaling pathways Sclerostin and BAMBI, and Dlx3 transcription factor, as well as selected keratin genes, both in vitro and in vivo. Using luciferase reporter assay, we show that Krt16, Krt17, Dlx3, and Fgf10 serve as direct miR-31 targets. Thus, by targeting a number of growth regulatory molecules and cytoskeletal proteins, miR-31 is involved in establishing an optimal balance of gene expression in the hair follicle required for its proper growth and hair fiber formation.
Vector quantization for volume rendering (1992)

Volume rendering techniques typically process volumetric data in raw, uncompressed form. As algorithmic and architectural advances improve rendering speeds, however, larger data sets will be evaluated requiring consideration of data storage and transmission issues. In this paper, we analyze the data compression requirements for volume rendering applications and present a solution based on vector quantization. The proposed system compresses volumetric data and then renders images directly from the new data format. Tests on a fluid how data set demonstrate that good image quality may be achieved at a compression ratio of 17:l with only a 5% cost in additional rendering time.
Model-integrated toolset for fault detection, isolation and recovery (FDIR) (2002)

Fault detection, isolation and recovery (FDIR) functions are essential components of complex engineering systems. The design, validation, implementation, deployment and maintenance of FDIR systems are extremely information intensive tests requiring in-depth knowledge of the engineering system. The paper gives an overview of a model-integrated toolset supporting FDIR from design, into post deployment. The toolset is used for development of large, complex spacecraft systems during the engineering design phase.
Cell‐surface bound pertussis toxin induces polyclonal T cell responses with high levels of interferon‐γ in the absence of interleukin‐12 (2003)

Abstract Pertussis toxin (PTx), an exotoxin produced by Bordetella pertussis , has long been used as a mucosal adjuvant. We examined the T cell stimulatory properties of PTx in order to dissectits mechanisms of adjuvanticity. PTx or the B‐oligomer of PTx (PTxB) failed to activate purified murine CD4 + or CD8 + T cells, as measured by a lack of proliferation or expression of early T cell activation markers. However, these T cells proliferated extensively in response to the toxin in the presence of syngeneic DC, and proliferation was accompanied by a high level of IFN‐γ production in the absence of IL‐12. Interestingly, such responses were independent of signals mediated by MHC–TCR interaction. Both PTx and PTxB were found to bind stably to the surface of DC, and increased the adherence of DC to surrounding cells. These data suggest that polyclonal T cell responses mediated by the toxin are likely to be caused by the toxin bound on the surface of APC, either cross‐linking cell surface molecules on T cells, or directly stimulating T cells together with the co‐stimulatory molecules expressed on APC. B. pertussis may use this toxin as a mechanism to evade a specific immune response.
ALU Architecture with Dynamic Precision Support (2012)

Exploiting computational precision can improve performance significantly without losing accuracy in many applications. To enable this, we propose an innovative arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architecture that supports true dynamic precision operations on the fly. The proposed architecture targets both fixed-point and floating-point ALUs, but in this paper we focus mainly on the precision-controlling mechanism and the corresponding implementations for fixed-point adders and multipliers. We implemented the architecture on Xilinx Virtex-5 XC5VLX110T FPGAs, and the results show that the area and latency overheads are 1% ~ 24% depending on the structure and configuration. This implies the overhead can be minimized if the ALU structure and configuration are chosen carefully for specific applications. As a case study, we apply this architecture to binary cascade iterative refinement (BCIR). 4X speedup is observed in this case study.
Speciation in Vanadium Bioinorganic Systems. 2. An NMR, ESR, and Potentiometric Study of the Aqueous H<sup>+</sup>−Vanadate−Maltol System (1996)

A systematic study of the physiologically interesting vanadium-maltol (V-MaH) system has been performed in 0.150 M Na(Cl) at 25 degrees C, using NMR, ESR, and potentiometric techniques. Complexation occurs within a wide pH range, from around 1 up to 10.5. However, a pH-, concentration-, and time-dependent spontaneous reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV) occurs. From ESR spectra the conditions for this reduction are evaluated and discussed. From potentiometric (glass electrode) and quantitative (51)V NMR measurements, the full speciation in the H(+)-H(2)VO(4)(-)-MaH system was determined in the pH range 5-10.5. Data were evaluated with the computer program LAKE, which is able to treat combined emf and NMR data. The pK(a) value for MaH was determined to be 8.437 +/- 0.005. In the ternary system, three complexes are formed: VMa(2)(-), VMa(-), and VMa(2)(-), having log beta(0,1,2) = 7.02 +/- 0.03, log beta(0,1,1) = 2.66 +/- 0.05, and log beta(-)(1,1,1) = -7.37 +/- 0.21. The errors given are 3sigma. The VMa(2)(-) complex appears as the main species in a pH range from 4.5 to 8.5, whereas both mononuclear monoligand species are minor. Equilibrium conditions are illustrated in distribution diagrams, and the structures of the complexes formed are proposed.
Test time and efficiency of the dynamic strategy in glaucoma perimetry. (1995)

The dynamic strategy is a perimetric measurement procedure where by the luminance-step sizes are optimized according to physiological data. In contrast to the traditional 4- to 2-dB strategy, the step sizes are not constant but vary between 2 and 10 dB depending on the sensitivity. We examined 40 eyes of 40 glaucoma patients with both the traditional and the dynamic strategy using a modified Octopus 1-2-3 perimeter. A total of 16 visual field locations were examined using both strategies 3 times each in alternation. The order of the initial strategy was randomized. The variance of the three measurements was calculated as a measure of reproducibility. The quantity of presented stimuli was recorded as a measure of test time. After the elimination of starting points, absolute scotomata, and series of fields showing a significant trend during the session, 255 measured locations of 27 series were available for evaluation. The mean number of presentations (indicating test time) was 46% (dynamic strategy versus traditional strategy). The variance of the three measurements depended on the sensitivity. In the normal sensitivity range, the dynamic strategy had a markedly lower variance (58%). For relative defects, the variance was higher (141%-156%). According to a benefit/cost calculation, the efficiency of the dynamic strategy was better in all sensitivity ranges and reached a factor of 3 for high sensitivities. The dynamic strategy is considerably more efficient than the traditional strategy using fixed step sizes.
Dynamic channel resource allocation in frequency hopped wireless communication systems (2002)

In a conventional TDMA wireless system, the blocking probability is affected by the worst case interference statistics. Modifying the system to a frequency-hopped CDMA (CDMA-FH) system can change the blocking probability to be determined by average statistics. Hopping patterns can be implemented easily using Latin squares. A system using Latin squares of size n guarantees no users in the same cell share any slots and a user and all users in different cells share only one out of every n slots. Channel coding over hops then suppresses the worst interference. Further improvements may be obtained by allowing users to occupy M out of N slots where M/spl les/N. Centralized and distributed dynamic channel allocation (DCA) algorithms which allow users to have different SIR requirements have been developed to maximize the capacity of the system under a desired blocking probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>