gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aβ Secretion and Plaque Formation Depend on Autophagy (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease biochemically characterized by aberrant protein aggregation, including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation. Protein aggregates in the cell are cleared by autophagy, a mechanism impaired in AD. To investigate the role of autophagy in Aβ pathology in vivo, we crossed amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with mice lacking autophagy in excitatory forebrain neurons obtained by conditional knockout of autophagy-related protein 7. Remarkably, autophagy deficiency drastically reduced extracellular Aβ plaque burden. This reduction of Aβ plaque load was due to inhibition of Aβ secretion, which led to aberrant intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in the perinuclear region. Moreover, autophagy-deficiency-induced neurodegeneration was exacerbated by amyloidosis, which together severely impaired memory. Our results establish a function for autophagy in Aβ metabolism: autophagy influences secretion of Aβ to the extracellular space and thereby directly affects Aβ plaque formation, a pathological hallmark of AD.
Serving deep neural networks at the cloud edge for vision applications on mobile platforms (2019)

The proliferation of high resolution cameras on embedded devices along with the growing maturity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has spawned powerful mobile vision applications. To enable applications on mobile devices, the offloading approach processes live video streams using DNNs on server-class GPU accelerators. However, their use in latency constrained applications is particularly challenging because of the large and unpredictable round-trip latency from mobile devices to the cloud computing resources. As a consequence, system designers routinely look for ways to offload to local servers at the cloud edge, known as the cloudlet. This paper explores the potential of serving multiple DNNs using the cloudlet model to implement complex vision applications on mobile devices. We present DeepQuery, a new mobile offloading system that is capable to serve DNNs with different structures for a wide range of tasks including object detection and tracking, scene graph detection, and video description. DeepQuery provides application programming interfaces to offload applications programed as Directed Acyclic Graphs of DNN queries, and employs data parallelization and input batching techniques to reduce processing delays. To improve GPU utilization, it co-locates real-time and delay-tolerant tasks on shared GPUs, and exploits a predictive and plan-ahead approach to alleviate resource contention caused by co-locating. We evaluate DeepQuery and demonstrate its effectiveness using several real world applications.
A Prototype Process-Based Search Engine (2009)

This paper introduces a novel approach to solving a certain type of Web search problem. The concept of process-based Web search is proposed and a prototype process-based search engine has been developed and evaluated to help users solve problems more effectively. Unlike traditional Web search engines showing a list of ranked hyperlinks as results, the proposed system searches and displays results based on the process. Therefore, users do not have to read, understand, and then search further to find all the information that they are looking for. In addition, different from business process systems, the proposed Web search engine is designed to be available to the general public to solve everyday problems. It is based on the processes not having to be strictly defined to meet pre-requisite of applications such as business process execution engines. Experimental results have shown that the process-based search engine improves search quality for some types of complex queries, compared to a traditional Web search engine.
Dynamic resource allocation in ATM networks (1997)

This article investigates resource allocation in ATM networks and emphasizes bandwidth allocation. Resource allocation methods are categorized, and static and dynamic allocation strategies are compared. Dynamic allocation uses actual traffic behavior, while static allocation uses only the reference traffic condition given a priori. Examples of dynamic allocation strategies are available bit rate flow control, dynamic connection admission control, and dynamic VP bandwidth control. Dynamic resource allocation is shown to be promising for situations where the a priori reference model is unclear.
Probabilistic policy reuse in a reinforcement learning agent (2006)

We contribute Policy Reuse as a technique to improve a reinforcement learning agent with guidance from past learned similar policies. Our method relies on using the past policies as a probabilistic bias where the learning agent faces three choices: the exploitation of the ongoing learned policy, the exploration of random unexplored actions, and the exploitation of past policies. We introduce the algorithm and its major components: an exploration strategy to include the new reuse bias, and a similarity function to estimate the similarity of past policies with respect to a new one. We provide empirical results demonstrating that Policy Reuse improves the learning performance over different strategies that learn without reuse. Interestingly and almost as a side effect, Policy Reuse also identifies classes of similar policies revealing a basis of core policies of the domain. We demonstrate that such a basis can be built incrementally, contributing the learning of the structure of a domain.
The 401(k) Plan and the Retirement Planning Revolution (1996)

Investment education is vitally important in helping employees to build their retirement planning skills.
Manufacturing of recombinant adeno‐associated viruses using mammalian expression platforms (2017)

Manufacturing practices for recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have improved in the last decade through the development of new platforms in conjunction with better production and purification methods. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the most popular systems and methods employed with mammalian cell platforms. Methods and systems such as transient transfection, packaging and producer cells and adenovirus and herpes simplex virus are described. In terms of best production yields, they are comparable with about 10<sup>4</sup> -10<sup>5</sup> vector genomes produced per cell but transient transfection of HEK293 cells is by far the most commonly used. For small-scale productions, AAV can be directly purified from the producing cell lysate by ultracentrifugation on a CsCl or iodixanol-step gradient whereas large-scale purification requires a combination of multiple steps. Micro/macrofiltration (i.e. including tangential flow filtration and/or dead-end filtration) and chromatography based-methods are used for large-scale purification. Purified AAV products must then be quantified and characterized to ensure quality. Recent purification methods and current analytical techniques are reviewed here. Finally, AAV technology is very promising, but manufacturing improvements are still required to meet the needs of affordable, safe and effective AAV vectors essential for licensing of gene therapy clinical protocols.
Multi-layer parallel shooting method for multi-layer boundary value problems (2009)

Multi-layer boundary value problems have received a great deal of attention in the past few years. This is due to the fact that they model many engineering applications. Examples of applications include fluid flow though multi-layers porous media such as ground water and oil reservoirs. In this work, we present a new method for solving multilayer boundary value problems. The method is based on an efficient adaption of the classical shooting method, where boundary value problems are solved for by means of solving a sequence of initial value problems. Illustration of the method is presented on application to fluid flow through multi-layer porous media. The examples presented suggested that the method is reliable and accurate.
Highly luminescent, stable, transparent and flexible perovskite quantum dot gels towards light-emitting diodes (2017)

By controlling the hydrolysis of alkoxysilanes, highly luminescent, transparent and flexible perovskite quantum dot (QD) gels were synthesized. The gels could maintain the structure without shrinking and exhibited excellent stability comparing to the QDs in solution. This in situ fabrication can be easily scaled up for large-area/volume gels. The gels integrated the merits of the polymer matrices to avoid the non-uniformity of light output, making it convenient for practical LED applications. Monochrome and white LEDs were fabricated using these QD gels; the LEDs exhibited broader color gamut, demonstrating better property in the backlight display application.
New Insecticidal Rocaglamide Derivatives and Related Compounds from <i>Aglaia </i><i>o</i><i>ligophylla</i> (2001)

Organic-soluble extracts of the twigs of Aglaia oligophylla collected in Vietnam yielded four insecticidal cyclopentatetrahydrobenzofurans of the rocaglamide type including one new natural product (compound 4). Moreover, two cyclopentatetrahydrobenzopyran derivatives, belonging to the aglain and aglaforbesin types, respectively, were also isolated. The aglaforbesin derivative 6 proved likewise to be a new natural product. All isolated rocaglamide, aglain, and aglaforbesin derivatives have a characteristic methylenedioxy substituent linked to C-6 and C-7 or to C-7 and C-8, respectively. Structure elucidation of the new natural products and the determination of the absolute configuration of compound 1 by calculation of its CD spectrum with molecular dynamics simulation are described. All isolated rocaglamide derivatives exhibited strong insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphageous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis when incorporated into an artificial diet, with LC(50) values varying between 2.15 and 6.52 ppm.
Characterization of Lunar Dust for Toxicological Studies. I: Particle Size Distribution (2008)

The particle size distribution (PSD) of lunar dust, the <20μm portion of the regolith, was determined as an initial step in the study of the possible toxicological effects it may have on the human respiratory and pulmonary systems. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, PSDs were determined for Apollo 11 (10084) and 17 (70051) dust samples, as well as lunar dust simulant JSC-1Avf. The novel methodology employed is described in detail. All measured PSDs feature a log-normal distribution having a single mode in a range 100–300nm for lunar dust samples, but the lunar simulant has a mode at ∼600nm.
Opioid Receptors in Magnesium‐Digitonin‐Solubilized Rat Brain Membranes Are Tightly Coupled to a Pertussis Toxin‐Sensitive Guanine Nucleotide‐Binding Protein (1989)

Opioid receptors solubilized in Mg2+-digitonin (2%, wt/vol) from Mg2+-pretreated rat brain membranes maintain, in addition to high-affinity opioid agonist binding, the modulation by guanine nucleotides. One of the modes of expression of the latter property is an attenuation of agonist binding by guanine nucleotides in the presence of Na+. To investigate the molecular basis of this modulation and to identify the G protein(s) involved, the soluble receptors were [32P]ADP-ribosylated by means of Bordetella pertussis toxin and subjected to molecular size exclusion chromatography. In addition, soluble extracts were chromatographed on lectin and hydrophobic affinity columns. The binding of 35S- and 3H-labelled analogues of GTP was also monitored in the species separated. The oligomeric G protein-coupled opioid receptors and the guanine nucleotide/pertussis toxin-sensitive species showed similar chromatographic properties in all three systems. This indicates that the biochemically functional G protein-opioid receptor complex formed in Mg2+-pretreated membranes in the absence of an agonist is stable in digitonin solution and to chromatographic separation. Further analysis showed that the guanine nucleotide modulation of opioid receptors is via the pertussis toxin substrates with Mr of 41,000 and 39,000, which are identified as Gi and Go alpha subunits, respectively.
A Serendipitous Discovery: Nickel Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of Diynes with Unactivated Nitriles (2011)

In the nick of time! The catalytic combination of [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) and the ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) was used to access pyridines (see scheme). The reaction proceeds under ambient conditions to provide excellent yields of the products. Comparison of this catalyst with the other state-of-the-art catalysts is also provided. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fast distortion-buffer optimized streaming of multimedia (2005)

This paper presents a distortion optimized streaming algorithm for on-demand streaming of multimedia. Given the pre-encoded packets of a multimedia stream, we propose a fast algorithm for selecting an appropriate subset of these packets such that the overall client distortion is minimized. This minimization is performed within the rate constraints imposed by the communication channel. In particular, at each transmission opportunity, the proposed approach uses a linear-time algorithm to select the best packet to transmit through the minimization of the expected client distortion. The time complexity of the algorithm is reduced through a factorization of the streaming policy into simpler terms and performing a greedy optimization to select the packet. Inevitably, this in itself leads to sub-optimal results. To alleviate the adverse impact of the greedy optimization, the cost function is penalized with the expected buffer occupancy at the end of the epoch of the optimization. We pose this problem as a Lagrangian minimization. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach through empirical evaluation.
Harry S. Truman as a Modern Cyrus (1994)

When US President Harry S Truman recognized the state of Israel in May 1948, he demonstrated his commitment to a homeland for the Jewish people. The US was the first country to recognize Israel, and in so acting Truman became a modern-day Cyrus, and in fact he compared himself to the biblical Cyrus, who made possible the return of the Jews to Jerusalem as recorded in Ezra 1. This article tells the background of Truman's decision, from his lifelong love for the Bible to the pressures he faced from opponents and his own advisors, who warned that political realities, especially postwar Europe's need for Middle Eastern oil, outweighed the needs of the Jewish people for a homeland. But Truman was resolute in defending the establishment of Israel on religious and humanitarian grounds.
Optimal nonrecursive noise shaping filters for oversampling data converters .I. Theory (2002)

Properties of nonrecursive filters appropriate for noise shaping coders and oversampling data converters are presented. When the noise shaping filter has optimal minimum phase, the number of quantizer levels required for loop stability is also minimized. Just as with infinite impulse response (IIR) noise shapers, the channel tones can appear in the baseband. These tones are diminished if at least one passband zero is reflected outside the unit circle. However, the filter is no longer minimum phase. This substantially increases the number of quantization levels required for stability. A better alternative is to use proper dithering in conjunction with a minimum phase filter. A stability test is derived which takes the dithering into account.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal discrimination thresholds in normal subjects and in patients with diabetic neuropathy. (1985)

Using two identical thermostimulators which operated on the Peltier principle, thermal cutaneous sensation of the hand and the foot was investigated in 36 normal subjects and in 20 patients with diabetic neuropathy. Using a two-alternative forced-choice testing procedure, thermal discrimination thresholds were determined twice. The values found in normal subjects are comparable with data from the literature. It was confirmed that thermal discrimination of the foot decreased with increasing age. In patients with diabetic neuropathy the increased thresholds for the foot could be correlated with length-dependent degeneration of small nerve fibres.
<sup>19</sup>F MRI of human lungs at 0.5 Tesla using octafluorocyclobutane (2020)

The application of OFCB enables informative <sup>19</sup> F lung imaging even at low magnetic field strengths. The OFCB gas shows promise as an inhalable contrast agent for fluorine lung MRI and has a potential for clinical translation.
Determination of total 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in edible oils by cleavage of MCPD esters with sodium methoxide (2008)

Abstract A method for the determination of total 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in edible fats and oils was presented. 3‐MCPD was released from 3‐MCPD fatty acid esters by transesterification with NaOCH 3 /methanol. After derivatization with phenylboronic acid, 3‐MCPD was determined by GC‐MS. Deuterium‐labeled 3‐MCPD was used as internal standard. In a model experiment, it was shown that acidic hydrolysis with methanol/sulfuric acid, which is normally used for the release of 3‐MCPD from its esters, can cause problems because under acidic conditions additional 3‐MCPD can be formed. No additional 3‐MCPD was formed using NaOCH 3 /methanol for transesterification. Eleven samples of cold‐pressed and refined safflower oils were analyzed with this method. Levels of total 3‐MCPD were in the range from <100 up to 3200 µg/kg.
Development of algorithms for real-time estimation of smartphone surface temperature using embedded processor (2017)

In smartphone and tablet devices, surface temperature management is required to ensure safety for the prevention of burn injuries. Therefore, mobile devices must have a mechanism of functional restriction to control the surface temperature, but this in turn also leads to performance degradation. It is preferable to control the surface temperature under the safety threshold while minimally affecting performance. The surface temperature must therefore be known precisely and in real-time. In this study, algorithms were developed for smartphone surface temperature estimation within 1 °C of the root mean square (RMS) error using internal thermistor sensor data that can be executed on a smartphone's embedded processor using a negligible amount of resources.
What??s new in systemic therapy for endometrial cancer (2005)

New approaches to combining the traditional adjuvant modalities for high-risk endometrial cancer as well as combining new novel agents with traditional chemotherapeutics will improve patient outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: (Ni,Mg)<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub> Solid‐Solution Nanotubes Supported by Sub‐0.06 wt% Palladium as a Robust High‐Efficiency Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2012)

Abstract (Ni 1‐x Mg x ) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 solid solution nanotubes with tunable compositions are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions containing appropriate amounts of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , NiCl 2 , Na 2 O·nSiO 3 (n = 3.1—3.4), and NaOH (autoclave, 210 °C, 24 h).
Capacitive deionization and electrosorption for heavy metal removal (2019)

Electrosorption and capacitive deionization technologies can be effective processes in removing heavy metal for water purification, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, and environmental remediation.
Energy/power estimation for LDPC decoders in software radio systems (2006)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are advanced error-correcting codes with performance approaching the Shannon limit. Although many LDPC code decoding algorithms have been proposed, no detailed comparison in energy/power consumption had ever been reported. This paper presents the performance and energy/power consumption trade-off for different LDPC decoding algorithms and proposes an efficient method to estimate energy consumption. We also propose a joint power management scheme for transmitter and receiver to save receiver energy while maintaining same communication quality by properly delivering more transmit power.
Kinome profiling reveals breast cancer heterogeneity and identifies targeted therapeutic opportunities for triple negative breast cancer (2014)

Our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity at the protein level is limited despite proteins being the ultimate effectors of cellular functions. We investigated the heterogeneity of breast cancer (41 primary tumors and 15 breast cancer cell lines) at the protein and phosphoprotein levels to identify activated oncogenic pathways and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Heterogeneity was observed not only across histological subtypes, but also within subtypes. Tumors of the Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype distributed across four different clusters where one cluster (cluster ii) showed high deregulation of many proteins and phosphoproteins. The majority of TNBC cell lines, particularly mesenchymal lines, resembled the cluster ii TNBC tumors. Indeed, TNBC cell lines were more sensitive than non-TNBC cell lines when treated with targeted inhibitors selected based on upregulated pathways in cluster ii. In line with the enrichment of the upregulated pathways with onco-clients of Hsp90, we found synergy in combining Hsp90 inhibitors with several kinase inhibitors, particularly Erk5 inhibitors. The combination of Erk5 and Hsp90 inhibitors was effective in vitro and in vivo against TNBC leading to upregulation of pro-apoptotic effectors. Our studies contribute to proteomic profiling and improve our understanding of TNBC heterogeneity to provide therapeutic opportunities for this disease.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen den Variationsprinzipien der projektiven und der vierdimensionalen Relativitätstheorie (1947)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß sich jedes Gleichungssystem, das man als Eulersche Gleichungen eines fünfdimensionalen Variationsprinzips der projektiven Relativitätstheorie erhält, sich ebenfalls aus einem entsprechenden vierdimensionalen Variationsprinzip herleiten läßt. N achdem die projektive Relativitätstheorie