gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autogenous Bone Graft: Donor Sites and Techniques (2011)

Autogenous cancellous bone graft provides an osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic substrate for filling bone voids and augmenting fracture-healing.The iliac crest remains the most frequently used site for bone-graft harvest, but the proximal part of the tibia, distal end of the radius, distal aspect of the tibia, and greater trochanter are alternative donor sites that are particularly useful for bone-grafting in the ipsilateral extremity.The most common complication associated with the harvest of autogenous bone graft is pain at the donor site, with less frequent complications including nerve injury, hematoma, infection, and fracture at the donor site.Induced membranes is a method that uses a temporary polymethylmethacrylate cement spacer to create a bone-graft-friendly environment to facilitate graft incorporation, even in large segmental defects.
Bleaching (2005)

Abstract Traditionally, bleaching refers to that process by which colored pigments are removed from fats and oils by adsorption onto bleaching earth. Of course, certain noncolored constituents are also removed as well. In fact, the removal of particular colored and noncolored constituents during bleaching is necessary if high‐quality oil is to be produced. In this chapter, the idea of bleaching as primarily an adsorptive purification process is developed. Four key aspects are addressed: (1) the use of adsorptive purification agents, (2) the adsorptive removal of targeted constituents, (3) practical means and methods for achieving optimal efficiency and efficacy from the bleaching process, and (4) approaches for dealing with spent adsorbents. The properties and preparation of the main adsorptive purification agents used in the bleaching process (activated carbon, bleaching earth, and silica hydrogel) are discussed; differences between acid‐activated and natural bleaching earths and the types of clays used in their manufacture are delineated. The effects of various trace constituents (and contaminants) on oil quality, and the nature and specificity of their interaction with surface‐active (adsorption) sites are described. In particular, the control that noncolored constituents (phospholipids, soaps, free fatty acids, peroxides) exert over the adsorption of colored pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll, pheophytins) is elucidated. Optimal bleaching practices and filtration conditions (“press bleach effect”) as well as processes and equipment for achieving maximum efficiency from the bleaching process are described. Finally, various tactics regarding spent filter cake, including utilization/disposal, best methods to recover retained oils, and control over smoldering, are examined.
A Linearly-Convergent Stochastic L-BFGS Algorithm (2015)

We propose a new stochastic L-BFGS algorithm and prove a linear convergence rate for strongly convex and smooth functions. Our algorithm draws heavily from a recent stochastic variant of L-BFGS proposed in Byrd et al. (2014) as well as a recent approach to variance reduction for stochastic gradient descent from Johnson and Zhang (2013). We demonstrate experimentally that our algorithm performs well on large-scale convex and non-convex optimization problems, exhibiting linear convergence and rapidly solving the optimization problems to high levels of precision. Furthermore, we show that our algorithm performs well for a wide-range of step sizes, often differing by several orders of magnitude.
Semiconductor factory automation: designing for phased automation (2002)

Hewlett-Packard has developed a strategy for phased semiconductor factory automation design and implementation. This strategy allows a semiconductor factory to incorporate progressive levels of factory control software components, automated material handling systems, and real-time process tool control to meet the growing and changing needs of a semiconductor facility. This paper discusses the benefits, interfaces, components and return on investment associated with automation phasing. Included are discussions on modular tool interfaces and control, distributed factory control systems, modular automated material handling systems, distributed stocking, facility systems design, rapid manual contingency operations, reliability considerations and cost benefits of phased approaches.
Functional and molecular interactions between ERK and CHK2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2011)

Distinct oncogenic signalling cascades have been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ERK1/2 signalling elicits both transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects through phosphorylation of numerous substrates. Here we report a novel molecular relationship between ERK1/2 and CHK2, a protein kinase that is a key mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint that responds to DNA double-strand breaks. Our studies are the first to demonstrate the co-localization and overexpression of ERK1/2 and CHK2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The physical interaction between ERK and CHK2 was highly dependent on phosphorylated Thr 68 of CHK2. Concurrent administration of an ERK inhibitor enhances the antitumour activity of CHK2 inhibition in both a human DLBCL xenograft model as well as primary human DLBCL cells. Our data suggest a functional interaction between ERK and CHK2 and support the potential combined therapeutic targeting of ERK and CHK2 in human DLBCL.
17β-Isoxazolyl and 17β-Pyrazolyl Steroids from 3β-Hydroxy-21-formylpregn-5-en-20-one. Structural Assignments<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT17β-Isoxazolyl and 17β-Pyrazolyl Steroids from 3β-Hydroxy-21-formylpregn-5-en-20-one. Structural Assignments1,2Norman J. Doorenbos and Leon MilewichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 10, 3193–3199Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01348a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Coordination Chemistry of the Hexavacant Tungstophosphate [H<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>12</sub>O<sub>48</sub>]<sup>12−</sup> with Fe<sup>III</sup> Ions: Towards Original Structures of Increasing Size and Complexity (2005)

Six FeIII centers are incorporated into the tungstophosphate anion [H2P2W12O48]12− upon reaction with FeCl3. The {P2W12Fe6} unit thus formed has been characterized in [H4P2W12Fe9O56(OAc)7]6− and [H56P8W48Fe28O248]28−. The latter is a supramolecular polyoxotungstate in which each of the four {P2W12Fe6} units is connected by three Fe-O-Fe bridges (see structure). Magnetic studies indicate strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the FeIII centers.
Mouse Mos protooncogene product is present and functions during oogenesis. (1989)

We have identified the mouse Mos-encoded protein product, p39mos, in maturing mouse oocytes and have shown that it is indistinguishable from the product expressed in Mos-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. p39mos is detected in oocytes arrested in the first meiotic prophase, during germinal-vesicle breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase I, and in ovulated eggs. We show that microinjection of three different Mos antisense (but not sense) oligodeoxyribonucleotides into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes prevents first polar-body emission and therefore interrupted the normal progression of meiosis. These results show that in mouse oocytes, as in the amphibian Xenopus [Sagata, N., Oskarsson, M., Copeland, T., Brumbaugh, J. & Vande Woude, G.F. (1988) Nature (London) 335, 519-525], the product of Mos is necessary for normal meiotic maturation.
Occurrence of the B- and Q-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci in Korea (2005)

In acute pancreatitis, multiple organ failure in the early phase and infectious complications in the late phase are contributors to mortality. To analyze the mechanism of aggravation of acute pancreatitis is to investigate the mechanism of organ dysfunction and infection. As strategy to elucidate the mechanism, various animal experimental models are utilized. Caerulein-induced pancreatitis and bile salt-induced pancreatitis (duct injection model) are frequently employed for mild edematous pancreatitis and severe necrotizing pancreatitis, respectively. It is important to select an appropriate experimental model that corresponds to the purpose of study.
Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids for disease modeling and development of therapies (2020)

Retinal diseases constitute a genetically and phenotypically diverse group of clinical conditions leading to vision impairment or blindness with limited treatment options. Advances in reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and generation of three-dimensional organoids resembling the native retina offer promising tools to interrogate disease mechanisms and evaluate potential therapies for currently incurable retinal neurodegeneration. Next-generation sequencing, single-cell analysis, advanced electrophysiology, and high-throughput screening approaches are expected to greatly expand the utility of stem cell-derived retinal cells and organoids for developing personalized treatments. In this review, we discuss the current status and future potential of combining retinal organoids as human models with recent technologies to advance the development of gene, cell, and drug therapies for retinopathies.
A Dynamic JKR Model with Application to Vibrational Release in Micromanipulation (2006)

In this paper a dynamic contact model is presented based on the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. The classical JKR model captures the contact properties for the quasi-static condition, which does not hold in some applications related to micromanipulation. The proposed model includes rate-dependent terms and accounts for dynamic effects such as damping. The model predicts that the threshold of the force for separating two objects in contact depends on the slew rate of the force. The implication of this result in vibrational releasing of micro objects is explored with the goal of minimizing the uncertainty in positions of released objects. Simulation results are reported on releasing of a micro sphere from a cantilever manipulator actuated by a piezoelectric layer
Evidence for Incorporation of H<sub>2</sub>S in Groundwater Fulvic Acids from Stable Isotope Ratios and Sulfur K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy (2008)

Groundwater samples collected in a shallow oxic and reduced deep groundwater system revealed the influence of dissolved sulfide on the chemical and isotopic composition of fulvic acid associated sulfur. Stable isotope compositions of groundwater sulfate and fulvic acid sulfur and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy data were used to determine the sources and processes affecting fulvic acid sulfur in the aquifer. A delta34S value of 2.2 per thousand for the shallow groundwater sulfate and a delta34S value of fulvic acids of 4.9 per thousand accompanied by a contribution of up to 49% of the most oxidized sulfur species (S+6) documented that fulvic acid sulfur is mainly derived from soil S compounds such as ester sulfates, with delta34S values similar to those of atmospheric sulfate deposition. In contrast, in the deep groundwater system with elevated delta34S values in groundwater sulfate of up to 20per thousand due to bacterial sulfate reduction, delta34S values in fulvic acid sulfur were negative and were up to 22per thousand lower compared to those of groundwater sulfate. Furthermore, reduced sulfur compounds constituted a significantly higher proportion of total fulvic acid sulfur in the deep groundwater compared to fulvic acids in shallow groundwater, supporting the hypothesis that fulvic acids act as a sink for dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the deep aquifer. Our results suggest that the combination of sulfur K edge XANES spectroscopy and stable isotope analysis on fulvic acids represents a powerful tool to elucidate the role of fulvic acids in the sulfur cycle in groundwater.
Solution of general Padé fitting problem via continued-fraction expansion (1987)

A computational algorithm is presented to expand a given function into the multipoint continued fractions from its power series expansions about arbitrary points, including the point at infinity. The convergents of the multipoiat continued fractions form a class of multipoint Padé approximants. An example is provided to illustrate the algorithm.
L0 constrained sparse reconstruction for multi-slice helical CT reconstruction (2011)

In this paper, we present a Bayesian maximum a posteriori method for multi-slice helical CT reconstruction based on an L0-norm prior. It makes use of a very low number of projections. A set of surrogate potential functions is used to successively approximate the L0-norm function while generating the prior and to accelerate the convergence speed. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides high quality reconstructions with highly sparse sampled noise-free projections. In the presence of noise, the reconstruction quality is still significantly better than the reconstructions obtained with L1-norm or L2-norm priors.
Nicotine exposure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: role of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (2012)

Clinical studies have established the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have shown that nicotine promotes mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy via nonneuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The α7-nAChR is one of the most important subunits of the nAChRs. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine worsens renal injury in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) and that the α7-nAChR subunit is required for these effects. We studied five different groups: Sham, 5/6Nx, 5/6Nx + nicotine (Nic; 100 μg/ml dry wt), 5/6Nx + Nic + α7-nAChR blocker methyllicaconitine (MLA; 3 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) sq), and Sham + Nic. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method, and urine was collected for proteinuria. After 12 wk, the rats were euthanized and kidneys were collected. We observed expression of the α7-nAChR in the proximal and distal tubules. The administration of nicotine induced a small increase in blood pressure and resulted in cotinine levels similar to those found in the plasma of smokers. In 5/6Nx rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased urinary protein excretion (onefold), worsened the glomerular injury score and increased fibronectin (∼ 50%), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; ∼100%), and transforming growth factor-β expression (∼200%). The administration of nicotine to sham rats increased total proteinuria but not albuminuria, suggesting direct effects on tubular protein reabsorption. These effects were prevented by MLA, demonstrating a critical role for the α7-nAChR as a mediator of the effects of nicotine in the progression of CKD.
Binary blends of poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether imide): miscibility, crystallization behavior and semicrystalline morphology (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinary blends of poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether imide): miscibility, crystallization behavior and semicrystalline morphologyG. Crevecoeur and G. GroeninckxCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5, 1190–1195Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00005a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00005a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1095Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS BY REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF KETO ACIDS. I. REDUCTION AT MERCURY ELECTRODES (1978)

Abstract Durch kathodi‐sche Reduktion der Ketosäuren (I) in NH 4 Cl‐haltiger 2 M NH 3 ‐Lösung an der Hg‐Elektrode werden die Aminosäuren (II) dargestellt (Stromausbb.
[Heart Transplantation;Allograft and Xenograft]. (2017)

Prior to starting clinical cardiac allotransplantation, cardiac xenotransplantation was performed in human in 1960s. In 1964, Hardy performed cardiac transplantation using a chimpanzee heart and Bailey performed cardiac transplantation using a baboon heart to an infant with hypoplastic left heart. The use of cyclosporine has greatly improved the outcome of clinical cardiac transplantation and cardiac allotransplantation became an established treatment strategy for the patients with end-stage heart failure. Although concordant cardiac xenotransplantation from a primate to a human may be successfully performed using current immunosuppressive regimen, a primate heart is not a good candidate for cardiac xenograft due to animal light issues and its size. Therefore, many investigators have tried to extend the survival period in discordant xenograft from pig to primate, but no prolonged surviving orthotropic cardiac xenograft has been established yet. In this review, experiments of concordant and discordant cardiac xenografts which were performed by the authors were introduced.
Indexing Moving Points (2000)

) Pankaj K. Agarwal Lars Arge y Jeff Erickson z Abstract We propose three indexing schemes for storing a set S of N points in the plane, each moving along a linear trajectory, so that a query of the following form can be answered quickly: Given a rectangle R and a real value tq , report all K points of S that lie inside R at time tq . We first present an indexing structure that, for any given constant &quot; ? 0, uses O(N=B) disk blocks, where B is the block size, and answers a query in O((N=B) 1=2+&quot; +K=B) I/Os. It can also report all the points of S that lie inside R during a given time interval. A point can be inserted or deleted, or the trajectory of a point can be changed, in O(log 2 B N) I/Os. Next, we present a general approach that improves the query time if the queries arrive in chronological order, by allowing the index to evolve over time. We obtain a tradeoff between the query time and the number of times the index needs to be updated as the points move. We also descri...
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control With Neural Network Optimization for Autonomous Autorotation of Small Unmanned Helicopters (2010)

This paper presents a solution to the autonomous vertical autorotation problem of unmanned helicopters using a novel nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) enhanced by a recurrent neural network (RNN) that handles the nonlinear optimization. The controller utilizes an internal, nonlinear autorotation model and is capable of handling input and output constraints that directly map to quality, efficiency and safety requirements. The RNN is employed to achieve real-time operation because it is capable of improving convergence performance, especially when hardware that supports task parallelization is available. This is of major importance when dealing with small unmanned helicopters with limited onboard computational power, where high update rates are required to successfully perform the autorotation maneuver. The proposed NMPC/RNN combination signifies the first use of a nonlinear model for online autorotation trajectory optimization, thus allowing for easier adaptation to other helicopter types without the need for retraining as in the case of machine learning techniques used by the state-of-the-art. An additional novelty of this research concerns the use of an objective function designed to eliminate the risk of fatalities to people on the ground. This is in contrast to previous works where the goal was to save the aircraft and is achieved by appropriately lowering the kinetic energy of the helicopter during the last phase of its descent. The paper discusses in detail the general design of the NMPC/RNN, before going into the specifics regarding the derivation, implementation and integration of the autonomous autorotation controller itself. The performance of the latter is validated using extensive simulation results.
Evaluation of interface delamination in IC packages by considering swelling of the molding compound due to moisture absorption (2002)

Adhesion strength evaluation of molding compounds is a critical issue in both structural design and material selection of plastic IC packages. We previously proposed a new adhesion test method that can separate residual stress from adhesion strength, and we confirmed that the measured true adhesion strength can be applied to the quantitative prediction of interface delamination in a dry package. This paper describes the influence of moisture absorbing conditions on true adhesion strength determined by this method. The drop of true adhesion strength of a specimen that has absorbed moisture at 50/spl deg/C is about 40 percent of that of a specimen at 85/spl deg/C. This suggests that the general moisture condition (85/spl deg/C/85%) accelerates the damage to plastic IC packages when compared to the case of moisture absorption at room temperature. We also evaluated interface delamination in a moisture-absorbed package by considering the swelling of the molding compound due to moisture absorption. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data for moisture-absorbed packages.
<b><i>PTEN</i></b>Gene Targeting Reveals a Radiation-Induced Size Checkpoint in Human Cancer Cells (2004)

Following DNA damage, human cells arrest primarily in the G(1) and G(2) phases of the cell cycle. Here, we show that after irradiation, human cancer cells with targeted deletion of PTEN or naturally occurring PTEN mutations can exert G(1) and G(2) arrests but are unable to arrest in size. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase or mTOR in PTEN(-/-) cells restored the size arrest, whereas siRNA-mediated depletion of TSC2 in PTEN(+/+) cells attenuated the size arrest. Radiation treatment potentiated Akt activation in PTEN(-/-) but not PTEN(+/+) cells. Finally, abrogation of the size arrest via PTEN deletion conferred radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. These results identify a new tumor suppressor gene-regulated, DNA damage-inducible arrest that occurs simultaneously with the G(1) and G(2) arrests but is genetically separable from them. We suggest that aberrant regulation of cell size during cell cycle arrest may be important in human cancer pathogenesis.