gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weed Occurrence at Several Arboreta of Korea and their Vegetation Analysis (2003)

The experiments were carried out to obtain basic information on occurrence pattern and shift of a weed flora, its ecology and ecological niches of weed community at the four arboreta. The obtained results could be summarized as follows. According to TWINSPAN(two-way indicator species analysis) method, weed community was able to be divided into 4 types such as Digitaria sanguinalis-Cyperus amuricus, Digitaria sanguinalis- Artemisia princeps, Digitaria sanguinalis-Setaria viridis, and Digitaria sanguinalis-Arthraxon hispidus communities. The results of the correlation between environmental characteristics and weed community by detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) ordination method are as follows. Digitaria sanguinalis-Cyperus amuricus community had high organic matter and available phosphorus concen󰠀tration while Digitaria sanguinalis-Arthraxon hispidus community had high magnesium concentration and available phosphorus concentration. On the other hand, Digitaria sanguinalis-Artemisia princeps community had high magnesium concentration whereas Digitaria sanguinalis-Setaria viridis com󰠀munity had low magnesium concentration
Molecular-level chemical characterization and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in stream water using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (2005)

We used electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to characterize, at the compound level, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and bioavailability in two streams. There was considerable consistency in the composition of the DOM between the two streams (unit mass resolution): ≫70% of the masses detected occurred in both streams. Approximately 40–50% of the bulk dissolved organic carbon in the stream water was bioavailable during a 12-d microbial decomposition experiment. ESI-MS compound level analysis identified which masses were used, which were not, and their patterns of utilization. In both streams, ~40% of the masses decreased in concentration, ~55% did not change, and ≪5% increased. Despite the complex system (≫1,500 DOM compounds and a natural consortia of bacteria), there was a high degree of similarity in which masses were used and the amount of each mass used between replicate flasks for a stream. There was also good agreement between the two streams in which masses were used and the amount of each mass used. This suggests that the selection by the microbial consortia of organic compounds in the complex and heretofore largely uncharacterized DOM pool is repeatable and, therefore, ultimately predictable.
Polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of α- and β-tubulins during in vitro ciliated cell differentiation of human respiratory epithelial cells (1999)

Tubulins are the major proteins within centriolar and axonemal structures. In all cell types studied so far, numerous alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms are generated both by expression of a multigenic family and various post-translational modifications. We have developed a primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells where the ciliated cell differentiation process has been observed and quantified. We have used this system to study several properties concerning polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of tubulin. GT335, a monoclonal antibody directed against glutamylated tubulins, stained the centriole/basal bodies and the axonemes of ciliated cells, and the centrioles of non-ciliated cells. By contrast, axonemal but not centriolar tubulins were polyglycylated. Several polyglutamylated and polyglycylated tubulin isotypes were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis, using GT335 and a specific monoclonal antibody (TAP952) directed against short polyglycyl chains. Immunoelectron microscopy experiments revealed that polyglycylation only affected axonemal tubulin. Using the same technical approach, polyglutamylation was shown to be an early event in the centriole assembly process, as gold particles were detected in fibrogranular material corresponding to the first cytoplasmic structures involved in centriologenesis. In a functional assay, GT335 and TAP952 had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ciliary beat frequency. TAP952 had only a weak effect while GT335 treatment led to a total arrest of beating. These results strongly suggest that in human ciliated epithelial cells, tubulin polyglycylation has only a structural role in cilia axonemes, while polyglutamylation may have a function both in centriole assembly and in cilia activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dual Modality (CT/MRI) Core−Shell Microparticles for Embolization Purposes (2010)

Core P(MAOETIB-GMA) microparticles of 40-200 microm were prepared by suspension copolymerization of the iodinated monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl (2,3,5-triiodobenzoate), MAOETIB, with a low concentration of the monomer glycidyl methacrylate, GMA, which formed hydrophilic surfaces on the particles. Magnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3)/P(MAOETIB-GMA) core-shell microparticles were prepared by coating the aforementioned core particles through nucleation of iron oxide nanoparticles on the surfaces of the P(MAOETIB-GMA) particles. This was followed by stepwise growth of thin iron oxide layers. The radiopacity and magnetism of these particles were demonstrated in vitro by CT and MRI. In vivo embolization capabilities of these first multimodal visible embolization particles were demonstrated in a rat's kidney tumor embolization model.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray diffraction studies of human salivary α‐amylase (1991)

Nonglycosylated alpha-amylase, a major component of human parotid saliva, has been crystallized by the vapor diffusion technique using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as the precipitant in the presence of CaCl2 at pH 9.0. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 53.3, b = 75.8, and c = 138.1 A. The asymmetric unit contains one amylase molecule. The solvent content is 54%. The crystals are stable to X-rays and diffract up to 2.8 A and appear to be suitable for X-ray diffraction studies.
First-Principles Theory for the H + H <sub>2</sub> O, D <sub>2</sub> O Reactions (2000)

A full quantum dynamical study of the reactions of a hydrogen atom with water, on an accurate ab initio potential energy surface, is reported. The theoretical results are compared with available experimental data for the exchange and abstraction reactions in H + D2O and H + H2O. Clear agreement between theory and experiment is revealed for available thermal rate coefficients and the effects of vibrational excitation of the reactants. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory on integral cross sections for the exchange reaction is unprecedented beyond atom-diatom reactions. However, the experimental cross sections for abstraction are larger than the theoretical values by more than a factor of 10. Further experiments are required to resolve this.
<i>Response</i> : Amplification c- <i>erb</i> B-2 and Aggressive Human Breast Tumors? (1988)

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Clonidine vs Chlordiazepoxide in the Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (1987)

To our knowledge, this is the first reported comparison of clonidine with benzodiazepine in the management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In a double-blind trial, 61 men experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal were randomly assigned to receive clonidine or chlordiazepoxide over a 60-hour treatment period. Clonidine was more effective than chlordiazepoxide at reducing alcohol withdrawal scale scores, systolic blood pressures, and heart rates over the entire study period. Clonidine was as good as chlordiazepoxide at improving Cognitive Capacity Screening Exam, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Self-Rating Scale scores. Adverse drug reactions reported by each group were similar, though less nausea and vomiting were observed in the clonidine group. Clonidine may represent a new alternative agent for the management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
A Field Study of Enhanced Recovery of DNAPL Pooled Below the Water Table (1995)

Abstract A large subsurface pool of waste solvent product, consisting primarily of 1,1,1‐tichloroethanc and carbon tetrachloride, was encountered during investigations at an industrial site in northern New Jersey. In the 1950s the product was discharged through a settling chamber directly below the shallow water table. Eventually the product accumulated within elongated depressions of erosional surface of varved clays at depths 10 to 15 feet below grade. The host sediment, line to medium sand, was overlain by line sand and silt. The delineated area of pooled DNAPLs covered 2750 feet 2 , and the maximum pool thickness exceeded 3 feel. The primary recovery involved pumping product from nine wells. Each recovery well was equipped with a sump extending into the clay, which enabled the system to keep the product pumping level below the bottom of the pool. A total of 3495 gallons of solvent product was recovered over two years. Nearly half of this volume was produced by two wells placed at the lowest points of the pools. Postpumping sampling of the former pools indicated that 43 to 94 percent of the pooled solvent mass was removed during the primary recovery. Average initial product salutation within the pool was estimated at 53.2 percent of the total porosity measured at 31 percent. Average residual saturation after the primary product recovery was 3.7 percent of the total pore volume. To test the feasibility of residual product recovery, an experimental secondary recovery was undertaken. Using sheet piling, a 506 feet 2 lest cell was constructed inside the former DNAPL pool. The cell featured a central recovery well, six peripheral wells, and monitoring probes. I he selected sequence of secondary operations included partial dewatering. hot water injection, final dewatering, and thermally enhanced vapor extraction (TVE). During six weeks of the secondary recovery operations. 87.9 gallons of product were removed, of which 72 percent was from TVE. 25 percent from hydraulic mobilization effects. and 3 percent from dissolution of residuals. Confirmatory soil sampling showed an average reduction of residual contamination by 93.4 percent in comparison to the concentration of residuals prior to the secondary recovery. For the lest cell, a combined total solvent recovery of 99.6 percent was achieved. This high recovery exceeded DNAPL recoveries expected or achieved in other field‐scale attempts.
Identification, sequencing, and targeted mutagenesis of a DNA polymerase gene required for the extreme radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans (1993)

Deinococcus radiodurans and other species of the same genus share extreme resistance to ionizing radiation and many other agents that damage DNA. Two different DNA damage-sensitive strains generated by chemical mutagenesis were found to be defective in a gene that has extended DNA and protein sequence homology with polA of Escherichia coli. Both mutant strains lacked DNA polymerase, as measured in activity gels. Transformation of this gene from wild-type D. radiodurans restored to the mutants both polymerase activity and DNA damage resistance. A technique for targeted insertional mutagenesis in D. radiodurans is presented. This technique was employed to construct a pol mutant isogenic with the wild type (the first example of targeted mutagenesis in this eubacterial family). This insertional mutant lacked DNA polymerase activity and was even more sensitive to DNA damage than the mutants derived by chemical mutagenesis. In the case of ionizing radiation, the survival of the wild type after receiving 1 Mrad was 100% while survival of the insertional mutant extrapolated to 10(-24). These results demonstrate that the gene described here encodes a DNA polymerase and that defects in this pol gene cause a dramatic loss of resistance of D. radiodurans to DNA damage.
2 (1986)

Die konstruktivistische Kognitionstheorie — ich ziehe diese Bezeichnung dem traditionellen Begriff ‚Erkenntnistheorie‘vor
A Novel Key-Frame Extraction Approach for Both Video Summary and Video Index (2014)

Existing key-frame extraction methods are basically video summary oriented; yet the index task of key-frames is ignored. This paper presents a novel key-frame extraction approach which can be available for both video summary and video index. First a dynamic distance separability algorithm is advanced to divide a shot into subshots based on semantic structure, and then appropriate key-frames are extracted in each subshot by SVD decomposition. Finally, three evaluation indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the new approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves good semantic structure for semantics-based video index and meanwhile produces video summary consistent with human perception.
KAPOSIʼS SARCOMA AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION REPORT OF COMPLETE REMISSION OF CUTANEOUS AND VISCERAL INVOLVEMENT (1980)

ZISBROD, ZVI; HAIMOV, MOSHE; SCHANZER, HARRY; AMBINDER, EDWARD; BURROWS, LEWIS Author Information
Performance of free space optical communication systems using polarization shift keying modulation (2006)

Modulation of the polarization state provides a means for information transfer in an optical communication channel. Polarization shift keying (POLSK) has been proposed as a candidate for modulation in optical fiber communications and shown to have 3dB better sensitivity than an on-off keying (OOK). Unfortunately, the utility of POLSK in standard fibers is reduced because of birefringence of the fibers. The polarization state changes unpredictably and becomes difficult to track at the receiver. On the other hand, POLSK does not suffer from these problems in free space optical (FSO) communication systems. In theory, the atmospheric turbulence channel causes minimal depolarization, and negligible crosstalk occurs between orthogonal polarization states along the transmission path. The polarization state of a propagating optical wave is well preserved over link lengths up to several kilometers, which makes polarization state reliably detectable at the receiver. In this paper, the experimental performance of a POLSK modulation scheme used in our 1km FSO communication system test-bed is described and its theoretical analysis is also presented.
Additive lithography for fabrication of diffractive optics (2002)

An innovative fabrication technique is introduced that is based on multiple-exposure techniques for micro-optics fabrication. This method utilizes various exposure times and combinations of binary and analog photo masks to sculpture complex photoresist profiles. It also demonstrates the fabrication of analog structures from the multilevel structures thus formed by using resist reflow.
Extended Kalman Filter-Based Tracking of Weak GPS Signals under High Dynamic Conditions (2004)

This paper develops GPS receiver algorithms designed to work with weak signals, and under high dynamic conditions. The first one is an acquisition algorithm that is suitable for environments in which the receiver is moving with a high acceleration, and produces approximate code delay, Doppler shift and Doppler rate. The second algorithm provides fine Doppler shift and rate estimates, needed to initialize the tracking module. The third one is a code tracking algorithm based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) approaches. It implements a second order filter, and adjusts the coherent/incoherent integration times, and the early/late separation, based upon the signal condition and the correctly decoded data. The fourth one is a carrier tracking algorithm, which is also based on the EKF, and implements a square root filter to circumvent numerical errors associated with the EKF. It also has the capability of adjusting the integration time. The last one utilizes the structure of the navigation message to enable its decoding even for signals with theoretical Bit Error Rate that does not allow for such detection. These algorithms are demonstrated using simulated GPS C/A code signals, and TCXO clocks. The results have shown their ability to work with signals having a Doppler rate over 300 Hz/sec, and with power as low as 15 dB-Hz.
Temporal Quantitative Proteomics by iTRAQ 2D-LC-MS/MS and Corresponding mRNA Expression Analysis Identify Post-Transcriptional Modulation of Actin-Cytoskeleton Regulators During TGF-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2009)

To gain insights into how TGF-beta regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we assessed the time course of proteins and mRNAs during EMT by multiplex iTRAQ labeling and 2D-LC-MS/MS, and by hybridization, respectively. Temporal iTRAQ analysis identified 66 proteins as differentially expressed during EMT, including newly associated proteins calpain, fascin and macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Comparing protein and mRNA expression overtime showed that all the 14 up-regulated proteins involved in the actin-cytoskeleton remodeling were accompanied by increases in corresponding mRNA expression. Interestingly, siRNA mediated knockdown of cofilin1 potentiated TGF-beta-induced EMT. Further analysis of cofilin1 and beta-actin revealed an increase in their mRNA stability in response to TGF-beta, contributing to the observed increase in mRNA and protein expression. These results are the first demonstration of post-transcriptional regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and a key role for cofilin1 during TGF-beta-induced EMT.
The CD40-Induced Signaling Pathway in Endothelial Cells Resulting in the Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Involves Ras and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (2004)

Ligation of endothelial cell (EC) CD40 induces the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines as well as angiogenesis factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, despite the reported importance of CD40 in cell-mediated immunity, little is known of the CD40-induced signaling pathways in EC. In this study, we have investigated the function of the Ras signaling pathway(s) for CD40-induced overexpression of VEGF. EC were transiently transfected with a full-length VEGF promoter-luciferase construct and a dominant-inhibitory mutant of Ras (Ras17N). Following transfection, ligation of CD40 with soluble CD40 ligand resulted in a significant increase in VEGF transcriptional activation, and the inhibitory mutant of Ras blocked this CD40-induced VEGF overexpression. Using EMSA and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that CD40-dependent binding of nuclear protein(s) to the VEGF promoter and CD40-induced VEGF protein expression in EC were also inhibited by the Ras mutant. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that ligation of CD40 on EC promoted an increased association of Ras with its effector molecules Raf, Rho, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). But, cotransfection of effector-loop mutants of Ras determined that only PI3K was functional for Ras-induced VEGF transcription. Also, wortmanin and a dominant-inhibitory mutant of PI3K inhibited CD40-induced overexpression of VEGF. Together these findings demonstrate that both Ras and PI3K are intermediaries in CD40-induced regulation of VEGF in EC. We believe our findings are of importance in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and allograft rejection associated with both CD40-CD40 ligand signaling as well as VEGF expression and function.
Optical interferometric visualization and computerized reconstruction of ultrasonic fields (1980)

A unique scanning Michelson interferometric system has been implemented with decided advantages over previous schemes for accurate measurement of the complex components of ultrasonic fields over wide apertures. Amplitude and phase information from transducers and scattering objects was acquired over 100 mm×100 mm planes using both narrowband (gated cw) and wideband (pulse) insonification. Ultrasonic wavefronts at other planes and reconstructions of the test objects were computed by means of a fast Fourier transform technique based on the angular spectrum of plane-waves approach. A critical review of wavefront reconstruction methods was also carried out.
Inhibitor of differentiation 4 drives brain tumor-initiating cell genesis through cyclin E and notch signaling (2008)

Cellular origins and genetic factors governing the genesis and maintenance of glioblastomas (GBM) are not well understood. Here, we report a pathogenetic role of the developmental regulator Id4 (inhibitor of differentiation 4) in GBM. In primary murine Ink4a/Arf(-/-) astrocytes, and human glioma cells, we provide evidence that enforced Id4 can drive malignant transformation by stimulating increased cyclin E to produce a hyperproliferative profile and by increased Jagged1 expression with Notch1 activation to drive astrocytes into a neural stem-like cell state. Thus, Id4 plays an integral role in the transformation of astrocytes via its combined actions on two-key cell cycle and differentiation regulatory molecules.
A 570-kb DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 Genome Corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min Region on the Linkage Map (1996)

The 569,750 base pair sequence corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min region on the genetic map of Escherichia coli K-12 (W3110) was determined. This region includes the replication terminus region and contained at least 549 potential open reading frames. Among them, 160 (29%) were previously reported, 174 (32%) were homologous to other known genes, 102 (18%) were identical or similar to hypothetical genes registered in databases, and the remaining 113 (21%) did not show a significant similarity to any other gene. Of interest was the finding of a large number of genes and gene clusters in and near the replication termination region which had been thought to be genetically silent. Those included a cluster of genes for fatty acid beta-oxidation, the third copy of the pot (spermidine/putrescine transport system) gene cluster, the second dpp (dipeptide transport system) operon, the second dsm (anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide reductase) operon, a cluster of fim (fimbrial) genes and a DNA helicase-like gene with a high molecular weight. In addition, we found the dnaC- and dnaT-like genes in the cryptic prophage, Rac, and a number of genes originated probably from plasmids.
Matrilin‐3 activates the expression of osteoarthritis‐associated genes in primary human chondrocytes (2009)

Here, we tested the matrilin-3-dependent induction of osteoarthritis-associated genes in primary human chondrocytes. Matrilin stimulation leads to the induction of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, we show the participation of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 in the in vitro degradation of matrilin-3. We provide evidence for a matrilin-3-dependent feed-forward mechanism of matrix degradation, whereby proteolytically-released matrilin-3 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as ADAMTS4 and -5 indirectly via IL-1beta. ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, in turn, cleave matrilin-3 and may release more matrilin-3 from the matrix, which could lead to further release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases in cartilage.