gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Evidence for CD34 as a Common Marker for Diverse Progenitors (2014)

CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, first identified on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Clinically, it is associated with the selection and enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplants. Due to these historical and clinical associations, CD34 expression is almost ubiquitously related to hematopoietic cells, and it is a common misconception that CD34-positive (CD34(+) ) cells in nonhematopoietic samples represent hematopoietic contamination. The prevailing school of thought states that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) do not express CD34. However, strong evidence demonstrates CD34 is expressed not only by MSC but by a multitude of other nonhematopoietic cell types including muscle satellite cells, corneal keratocytes, interstitial cells, epithelial progenitors, and vascular endothelial progenitors. In many cases, the CD34(+) cells represent a small proportion of the total cell population and also indicate a distinct subset of cells with enhanced progenitor activity. Herein, we explore common traits between cells that express CD34, including associated markers, morphology and differentiation potential. We endeavor to highlight key similarities between CD34(+) cells, with a focus on progenitor activity. A common function of CD34 has yet to be elucidated, but by analyzing and understanding links between CD34(+) cells, we hope to be able to offer an insight into the overlapping properties of cells that express CD34.
Performance modeling and optimization of MapReduce programs (2014)

MapReduce is a developer-friendly framework that encapsulates the underlying complexities of distributed computing. It is increasingly being used across enterprises for advanced data analytics, business intelligence, and data mining tasks. But there are two questions bothering Hadoop users: how to improve the performance of MapReduce workloads, and how to estimate the time needed to run a MapReduce job. In this paper, we provide some performance optimization techniques on the premise of workload characterization. After the cluster achieving the best performance, we further propose a modeling method to help Hadoop users estimate the execution time of MapReduce jobs. For evaluation, typical benchmarks are utilized to evaluate the accuracy of our techniques.
The preparation of a high performance near-infrared shielding Cs<sub>x</sub>WO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>composite resin coating and research on its optical stability under ultraviolet illumination (2015)

The photochromism of a Cs<sub>x</sub>WO<sub>3</sub>resin coating was reduced by combining an ultraviolet absorbing agent (UVA) and a SiO<sub>2</sub>blocking layer.
Recent progress in copper-based wafer bonding for 3-D ICs application (2008)

This article discusses thermo-compression bonding (also known as diffusion bonding) of metallic copper and its application in 3-D stacking of ICs. Bonding process is described and characterization results are presented. A survey on recent progress of copper-based wafer bonding, particularly low temperature process, and its application for on wafer 3-D ICs are presented.
Heterodyne optical detection/spatial tracking system using spatial field pattern matching between signal and local lights (1994)

Abstract The spatial tracking system controlling the directivity of the optical antenna determines the quality of communication in the ultradistance intersatellite optical communication system. The spatial tracking system using optical heterodyne detection has a high receiver sensitivity, being less susceptible to background light. This is the dominating factor for noise in cosmic space. In recent years, intensive studies have been made on this system hoping for the tracking performance with a higher accuracy than that obtained by the direct detection system. This paper presents a principle of angular error detection which is different from the conventional system and proposes a new optical heterodyne/spatial tracking system based on that principle. The principle on which the proposed system is based is that the incoming angle of the signal light is tracked by utilizing the variation of the spatial matching to the local light due to the variation of the incoming angle of the signal light. Its feature is that the angle error can be detected using a single ordinary optical detector, not the quadrant optical detector. A theoretical analysis of the noise equivalent angle (NEA) is presented. The optimal local light diffraction pattern is shown for the rectangular antenna aperture. The performance of the system is analyzed from the viewpoint of NEA, and the result is compared to the performance of the optical heterodyne detection/spatial tracking system using the quadrant optical detector.
Dichloroacetate Enhances Performance and Reduces Blood Lactate during Maximal Cycle Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

We have shown that a pharmacologic intervention known to activate muscle PDC can reduce blood lactate and ammonia accumulation during exercise and improve maximal exercise performance in subjects with COPD. Skeletal muscle PDC activation may be a target for pharmacologic intervention in the management of exercise intolerance in COPD.
Evaluation of scanning rate up conversion algorithms; subjective testing of interlaced to progressive conversion (1992)

The suitability of different scanning formats and upconversion algorithms for improved definition television (IDTV) applications is evaluated. The properties of different scanning formats are discussed. State-of-the-art interlaced-to-progressive conversion algorithms are introduced. Algorithms were evaluated with subjective testing methods, and the results are compared with objective measures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silencing of DND1 in potato and tomato impedes conidial germination, attachment and hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea (2017)

This is the first report of a cytological investigation of Botrytis development on DND1-silenced crop plants. Silencing of DND1 led to reduced susceptibility to Botrytis, which was associated with impediment of conidial germination and attachment as well as hyphal growth. Our results provide new insights regarding the use of S genes in resistance breeding.
Slot-coupled microstrip antenna for broadband circular polarisation (2006)

A microstrip antenna with broadband circular polarisation (CP) is presented. The proposed microstrip antenna has a circular patch and is excited by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. The broadband operation is achieved by coupling two CP resonant elements, which are due to the circular patch and the ring slot, respectively. A typical prototype using foam material of thickness 5 mm as the antenna substrate is constructed. Measured results show the 3 dB-axial-ratio bandwidth centred at 2500 MHz is more than 10%.
A note for “On the rational recursive sequence <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math>” (2011)

In this paper, we continue to study some properties, such as the existence of non-oscillatory solution, boundedness and persistence, global asymptotic stability, etc., for the rational difference equation in the title, which has been investigated in the known literature. We first point out some errors for the results in the known literature, then solve some questions existing in the known literature and finally state some new results.
Enlarged Infarcts in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice are Attenuated by Nitro-L-Arginine (1996)

Infarct size and vascular hemodynamics were measured 24 h after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in mice genetically deficient in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoform. eNOS mutant mice developed larger infarcts (21%) than the wild-type strain when assessed 24 h after intraluminal filament occlusion. Moreover, regional CBF values recorded in the MCA territory by laser-Doppler flowmetry were more severely reduced after occlusion and were disproportionately reduced during controlled hemorrhagic hypotension in autoregulation experiments. Unlike the situation in wild-type mice, nitro-L-arginine superfusion (1 mM) dilated pial arterioles of eNOS knockout mice in a closed cranial window preparation. As noted previously, eNOS mutant mice were hypertensive. However, infarct size remained increased despite lowering blood pressure to normotensive levels by hydralazine treatment. Systemic administration of nitro-L-arginine decreased infarct size in eNOS mutant mice (24%) but not in the wild-type strain. This finding complements published data showing that nitro-L-arginine increases infarct size in knockout mice expressing the eNOS but not the neuronal NOS isoform (i.e., neuronal NOS knockout mice). We conclude that NO production within endothelium may protect brain tissue, perhaps by hemodynamic mechanisms, whereas neuronal NO overproduction may lead to neurotoxicity.
Human endogenous retroviruses in neurologic disease (2016)

Endogenous retroviruses are pathogenic - in other species than the human. Disease associations for Human Endogenous RetroViruses (HERVs) are emerging, but so far an unequivocal pathogenetic cause-effect relationship has not been established. A role for HERVs has been proposed in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases as diverse as multiple sclerosis (MS) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Particularly for MS, many aspects of the activation and involvement of specific HERV families (HERV-H/F and HERV-W/MSRV) have been reported, both for cells in the circulation and in the central nervous system. Notably envelope genes and their gene products (Envs) appear strongly associated with the disease. For SCZ, for ALS, and for HIV-associated dementia (HAD), indications are accumulating for involvement of the HERV-K family, and also HERV-H/F and/or HERV-W. Activation is reasonably a prerequisite for causality as most HERV sequences remain quiescent in non-pathological conditions, so the importance of regulatory pathways and epigenetics involved in regulating HERV activation, derepression, and also involvement of retroviral restriction factors, is emerging. HERV-directed antiretrovirals have potential as novel therapeutic paradigms in neurologic disease, particularly in MS. The possible protective or ameliorative effects of antiretroviral therapy in MS are substantiated by reports that treatment of HIV infection may be associated with a significantly decreased risk of MS. Further studies of HERVs, their role in neurologic diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets are essential.
Routing protocols for self-organizing hierarchical ad-hoc wireless networks (2003)

Abstract|A novel self-organizing hierarchical architecture is proposed for improving the scalability properties of ad-hoc wireless networks. This paper focuses on the design and evaluation of routing protocols applicable to this class of hierarchical ad-hoc networks. The performance of a hier-archical network with the popular dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol is evaluated and compared with that of a conventional \\\n at &quot; ad-hoc networks using an ns-2 simulation model. The results for an example sensor network scenario show signicant capacity increases with the hierarchical ar-chitecture (4:1). Alternative routing metrics that account for energy eciency are also considered brie\ny, and the ef-fect on user performance and system capacity are given for a specic example. I.
Institutional privacy risks in sharing DNS data (2021)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is used in every website visit and e-mail transmission, so privacy is an obvious concern. In DNS, users ask recursive resolvers (or "recursives") to make queries on their behalf. Prior analysis of DNS privacy focused on privacy risks to individual end-users, mainly in traffic between users and recursives. Recursives cache and aggregate traffic for many users, factors that are commonly assumed to protect end-user privacy above the recursive. We document institutional privacy as a new risk posed by DNS data collected at authoritative servers, even after caching and aggregation by DNS recursives. We are the first to demonstrate this risk by looking at leaks of e-mail exchanges which show communications patterns, and leaks from accessing sensitive websites, both of which can harm an institution's public image. We define a methodology to identify queries from institutions and identify leaks. We show the current practices of prefix-preserving anonymization of IP addresses and aggregation above the recursive are not sufficient to protect institutional privacy, suggesting the need for novel approaches. We demonstrate this claim by applying our methodology to real-world traffic from DNS servers that use partial prefix-preserving anonymization. Our work prompts additional privacy considerations for institutions that run their own resolvers and authoritative server operators that log and share DNS data.
Isolation and Expression of a Chicken DNA Methyltransferase cDNA1 (1995)

A 0.5 kb fragment of chicken DNA methyltransferase cDNA was PCR-amplified using a set of degenerate primers. A clone harboring a 5 kb insert was isolated from a cDNA library by screening with the PCR-amplified cDNA fragment as a probe. The elucidated nucleotide sequence gave a 4,614 nucleotide open reading frame, and the predicted protein was highly homologous to the mouse and human DNA methyltransferases, especially in the amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain in the carboxyl-terminal region. The cysteine-rich region and Lys-Gly repeat first found in the mouse sequence were also conserved in chicken. However, about 250 amino acid residues in the amino-terminal portion of chicken DNA methyltransferase diverged from the amino-terminus of the mouse or human sequence. Northern blot analysis showed that the message of chicken DNA methyltransferase was expressed at high levels in the testis, in the lung and in Marek's virus-transformed chicken T-lymphoma cells. Expression of the chicken DNA methyltransferase in COS1 cells demonstrated that the enzyme is a so-called maintenance-type methylase. When poly(dG-dC)-poly(dG-dC) was used as the methyl acceptor, to provide a measure of de novo methylase activity, the Km value for S-adenosyl L-methionine was about 5 microM, which was 10 times higher than that when poly(dI-dC)-poly(dI-dC) was used. The affinity of DNA methyltransferase for S-adenosyl L-methionine in catalyzing de novo-type methylation activity was lower than that in catalyzing maintenance-type activity, though it was still high enough for the enzyme to work as a de novo-type methylase under physiological conditions.
Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 5.10-Dihydro-5.10-diniethylphenaziniiimtniodid und 5.10-Dihydro-5.10-diethylphenaziniumtriiodid / Molecular and Crystal Structure of 5,10-Dihydro-5.10-dimethylphenaziniumtriiodide and 5.10-Dihydro-5.10-diethylphenazinium triiodide (1978)

Oxidation of 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-diethyl-phenazine under different reaction conditions leads to several iodine containing solids. The preparation and X-ray structure of two of them, 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethyl-phcnaziniumtriiodide (3) and 5,10-dihydro-5,10-diethylphenaziniumtriiodido (4) are reported here. Compound 3 crystallizes in space group P2 1 /n with lattice parameters a = 8.552(6) Å, b= 16.953(2) Å, c- 12.157(9) Å and β= 103.46(2)° with four formula units in the unit cell. The structure was refined to an R-value of 0.046 using 2387 independent reflections. The lattice constains distinct, slightly distorted triiodide ions and bent 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazinium radical cations. Compound 4 crystallizes in the same space group P2 1 /n with lattice parameters a = 8.531(6) Å, b = 8.332(21) Å, c = 13.320(15) Å and β= 94.44(19)° with two formula units in the unit cell. The structure was refined to an R-value of 0.076 using 1195 independent reflections. The lattice contains strictly linear symmetrical triiodide ions and planar centrosymmetrical 5,10-dihydro-5,10-diethyl- phenazinium radical cations.
Urinary kallikrein and plasma renin activity as determinants of renal blood flow. The influence of race and dietary sodium intake. (1977)

We investigated the relationship of the kallikrein-kinin system and the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of blood pressure, salt and water excretion, and renal blood flow. Normotensive and hypertensive black and white men were studied during unresticted sodium intake as well as on a 10-meq/day sodium intake; potassium intake was held constant throughout the study (80 meq/day). During unrestricted sodium intake, urinary kallikrein activity was greater in white normotensives than white hypertensives or black normotensives. There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) between white and black hypertensives or between black normotensives and black hypertensives. All groups had greater urinary kallikrein activity on low sodium vs. unrestricted sodium intake, but the increase in black hypertensives was small, and they excreted significantly less kallikrein than the ogher groups on the low sodium diet. Plasma renin activity showed similar increments after sodium restriction in all groups. Urinary kallikrein activity correlated with renal blood flow in all groups except the black normotensives on low sodium intake. Renal blood flow could be correlated uniformly with log (urinary kallikrein activity/supine plasma renin activity) in all groups on either diet. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and urine volume were not different among the groups. We conclude: (a) important racial differences exist in urinary kallikrein activity that are unrelated to sodium or potassium excretion or urine volume; (b) dietary sodium restriction further delineates racial differences and suggests alternative pathophysiologic mechanisms for huma hypertension; (c) urinary kallikrein activity correlates with renal blood flow; and (d) our data support the concept that the kallikrein-kinin system and the renin-angiotensin system contribute to the regulation of renal blood flow and may account for racial differences in renal vascular resistance.
Comparative studies on immunoreactivity of truncated recombinant proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) produced in E.coli and insect cells. (1999)

For effective FMD control programme, India needs large quantities of cheaper diagnostics in addition to vaccine. Diagnostic reagents produced through conventional methods may not be able to meet such requirements. Alternatively, rDNA technology using suitable heterologous systems that permit production of recombinant antigens to the most native form may be exploited. Studies conducted in our laboratory have led us to select carboxy terminal part of VP1 for expression and evaluation. The protein, which was purified from E.coli under denaturing conditions, was renatured and its reactivity was compared with the protein expressed in insect cells through recombinant baculovirus. The expressed protein in the insect cell whole lysate reacted more efficiently with antibodies raised against whole virus than the purified and renatured protein produced in E.coli. But for its lower reactivity, protein produced from E.coli was found to be suitable in type detection. In addition, the size of the protein is small (16 kD) and production and purification of it from E.coli may be cost effective. Hence, it may be exploited for FMDV typing.
Breakthrough ball attach technology by introducing solder paste screen printing (2002)

Present methods of attaching solder balls to ball grid array (BGA) package is through placing flux and pre-formed solder ball to substrate followed by reflow process. In the ever-moving electronic market, low cost and faster units per hour processing provides competitive edge in the manufacturing technology. Screen ball printing (BP) to form BGA balls provides an innovative processing solution to overcome the costly conventional processing method. The key challenges to this project are to fulfill specified ball dimension and yields with a comparable quality and reliability performance to the current ball attach process. The challenge associated with a print and reflow process is the requirement to print very high amount of solder paste volume on each pad to achieve specified ball height after reflow. Yield loss due to this process are related to solder ball bridging and monster ball formation. Defects will be aggravated on tight pitch printing application. This paper will discuss some of the challenges and solution for this technology.