gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture medium for selective isolation and enumeration of Gram-negative bacteria from ground meats (1981)

We developed a new medium, designated peptone bile amphotericin cycloheximide (PBAC) agar, which contains (per liter) 10 g of peptone, 300 mg of bile salts, 1 mg of amphotericin B, 1 g of cycloheximide, and 15 g of agar. When 21 samples of fresh ground beef were studied and plate count agar counts were used as references, we obtained a mean recovery of 28% of total counts with violet red bile agar overlay, whereas we obtained 48% recovery with PBAC agar. With 12 samples of frozen ground beef, recovery on violet red bile agar overlay was 29% of the recovery on plate count agar, whereas the corresponding value on PBAC agar was 45%. PBAC agar allowed the enumeration of 1.4 times as many gram-negative bacteria as violet red bile agar overlay. None of eight strains of gram-positive bacteria and none of eight strains of yeasts grew on PBAC agar. Of 158 colonies randomly selected from pour plates of eight fresh ground meat samples, 95% stained gram negative. In comparison, only 70% of 151 colonies selected from corresponding plate count agar plates were gram negative. The lack of background color, turbidity, and ease of use make PBAC agar easier to handle than other media used for gram-negative bacteria, such as violet red bile agar, violet red bile agar overlay, and crystal violet tetrazolium agar. In the preparation PBAC agar, all ingredients are autoclaved together except amphotericin B, which is filter sterilized and added before the plates are poured.
Spinal Substance P Receptor Expression and Internalization in Acute, Short-Term, and Long-Term Inflammatory Pain States (1999)

Inflammatory pain involves the sensitization of both primary afferent and spinal cord neurons. To explore the neurochemical changes that contribute to inflammatory pain, we have examined the expression and ligand-induced internalization of the substance P receptor (SPR) in the spinal cord in acute, short-term, and long-term inflammatory pain states. These inflammatory models included unilateral injection of formalin (8-60 min), carrageenan (3 hr), and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; 3 d) into the rat hindpaw as well as adjuvant-induced polyarthritis (21 d). In acute inflammatory pain there is ongoing release of substance P (SP) as measured by SPR internalization in lamina I neurons at both 8 and 60 min after formalin injection. Although there is no tonic release of SP in short-term inflammatory pain, at 3 hr after carrageenan injection, SP is released in response to both noxious and non-noxious somatosensory stimulation with SPR internalization being observed in neurons located in both laminae I and III-IV. In long-term inflammatory pain models (CFA and polyarthritis) the same pattern of SP release and SPR activation occurs as is observed in short-term inflammation with the addition that there is a significant upregulation of the SPR in lamina I neurons. These results suggest that SPR internalization might serve as a marker of the contribution of ongoing primary afferent input in acute and persistent pain states. These stereotypical neurochemical changes suggest that there are unique neurochemical signatures for acute, short-term, and long-term inflammatory pain.
Proactive Cross-Channel Gain Estimation for Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio (2016)

In an underlay cognitive radio network, the cross-channel gain from a cognitive transmitter (CT) to a primary receiver (PR) is crucial for spectrum sharing. By exploiting the relaying capability of the CT, we propose a proactive estimation scheme for the cross-channel gain. Specifically, the CT proactively acts as a full-duplex amplify-and-forward (AF) relay for primary transceivers to trigger the power adaption of a primary transmitter (PT). By carefully designing the relay signal, the CT is able to obtain an estimation of the cross-channel gain by observing the power adaption. To demonstrate the accuracy of the estimation, we analytically characterize both an upper bound and a lower bound of the estimation performance. Furthermore, we study the impact of CT's relaying on the primary transmission and observe that the impact is related to the CT's location. By introducing a factor φ (0 ≤ φ ≤ 1) to denote the probability that the CT's relaying improves the primary transmission instead of causes interference, we design the CT location as a function of φ. Numerical results show that the estimation error of the proactive estimation scheme can be as small as 1.7% with success estimation probability around 91%. By comparing with the state of the art, we show the advantages of the proposed estimator.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Calf Thymus DNA from a Long-Lifetime Metal-Ligand Complex to Nile Blue. (2001)

We extended the measurable time scale of DNA dynamics to submicrosecond using a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex, [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(dppz)]<sup>2+</sup> (phen =1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuPD), which displays a mean lifetime near 350 ns. We partially characterized the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in calf thymus DNA from RuPD to nile blue (NB) using frequency-domain fluorometry with a high-intensity, blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. There was a significant overlap of the emission spectrum of the donor RuPD with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor NB. The Förster distance (<i>R</i> <sub><i>0</i></sub> ) that was calculated from the spectral overlap was 33.4 Å. We observed dramatic decreases in the steady-state fluorescence intensities of RuPD when the NB concentration was increased. The intensity decays of RuPD were matched the closest by a triple exponential decay. The mean decay time of RuPD in the absence of the acceptor NB was 350.7 ns. In a concentration-dependent manner, RuPD showed rapid intensity decay times upon adding NB. The mean decay time decreased to 184.6 ns at 100 μM NB. The FRET efficiency values that are calculated from the mean decay times increased from 0.107 at 20 μM NB to 0.474 at 100 μM NB concentration. The use of FRET with a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex donor is expected to offer the opportunity to increase the information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids.
Altered cancer cell metabolism in gliomas with mutant IDH1 or IDH2 (2011)

Recent attempts to improve outcomes for glioma patients have resulted in incremental gains. Studies of IDH1/2 mutations have provided mechanistic insights into tumorigenesis and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Further study of IDH1/2 mutations might allow for improved therapeutic strategies.
Intrinsically bent DNA. (1990)

Intrinsically bent or curved DNA molecules result when special base sequences or structural motifs are repeated in phase with the DNA helical repeat (~10.5 bp’/turn). This places the recurrent elements along the same side of the double helix so that small bends associated with them add constructively to generate a large global curvature. Many base sequences can impart systematic curvature to DNA, but most such bends are small compared with the special effect produced by runs of homopolymeric dA.dT base pairs (“Atracts”), each tract about half a helical turn long and repeated at lo-11-bp intervals. Bent DNA was discovered by the laboratories of Englund and Crothers (1) during study of a minicircle DNA from the kinetoplast body of Leishmania tarentolae, in which appropriately phased A-tracts occur prominently (1, 2). The anomalous gel mobilities shown by bent DNA molecules have provided crucial experimental insight into the origin and nature of DNA bending. Application of early theories describing gel mobilities for molecules undergoing reptational migration (3,4) leads one to expect slower motion for bent molecules because they have a shortened end-to-end distance. This criterion has proved to be a reliable guide to experimental properties, even though it ignores significant theoretical issues 6). A critical experiment for diagnosing the presence and location of DNA bends has been comparison of the electrophoretie properties of circularly permuted DNA molecules, all of the same length but each having the bend at a different position. In the first application of this concept, Wu and Crothers (6) were able to identify a locus containing phased dA.dT tracts which provided the primary source of bending in Leishmaniu kinetoplast minicircle DNA. Since that time, phased dA.dT tracts have been identified in various gene regulatory regions (7-lo), but the biological function of intrinsically bent DNA remains uncertain.
Regioselective and Stereospecific Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-ones by Intramolecular Ring Opening of 2-(Boc-aminomethyl)aziridines. Preparation of the Antibiotic Linezolid (2008)

The amide moiety of several enantiopure unactivated 1-aryl- or 1-alkylaziridine-2-carboxamides were reduced and then N-Boc-protected to afford enantiopure 2-(Boc-aminomethyl)aziridines, which were further converted into enantiopure 5-(aminomethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones by means of a stereospecific and fully regioselective BF3.Et2O-promoted intramolecular nucleophilic ring opening. One of these oxazolidinones was transformed into the antibiotic linezolid through a CuI-catalyzed N-arylation reaction at its carbamate moiety.
Worldwide First Run in Hole of a Dope-Free 13Cr Production Tubing String (2005)

Abstract Thread compounds are used on a common basis throughout the full life of Oil & Gas Tubular Goods (OCTG), whether as a storage compound applied in the mill, or in the yard, or as a make-up compound for running in hole. Dischargeable compounds have an impact on the environment, due to some of their components such as lead and due to the quantity released. Past initiatives - like green dopes - have brought valuable, but only partial resolution to this problem. The optimum solution is the increasingly popular dopefree connection approach. This paper presents the first worldwide implementation of a complete Cr13 production string applied with a dopefree connection: 16000 ft of 4" 1/2 13%Cr-L80 Premium CLEANWELL© tubing joints run in a North Sea offshore gas well in the Netherlands. The paper explains the specific requirements for using this new "no application - no discharge" lubricating film. It also examines the present QA-QC procedures (storage, thread inspection, tally, drift etc…) that ensures" no leaks" in the production string as well as the lessons learnt throughout the entire implementation of this dopefree system. Finally, in addition to the improvements of existing HSE practices, the paper highlights the other benefits recorded during this first implementation, including rig time savings, improvement of the protection of the threads, reduction of pipe handling.
1-Gbit/s code generator and matched filter using an optical fiber tapped delay line (1983)

The macrobend optical fiber tapped delay line is a new device which is ideally suited for the processing of signals that have very large bandwidths. Two new applications of this device are presented: code generation and matched filtering. An 8-bit code at 1 Gbit/s was generated with a programmable eight tap delay line having 1-ns tap intervals. Matched filtering at a rate of 1 Gbit/s was also demonstrated with a similar deivce. This letter presents the first fiber optic code generator/matched filter of its kind.
Development of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing and beyond (2019)

Abstract The development of clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems for genome editing has transformed the way life science research is conducted and holds enormous potential for the treatment of disease as well as for many aspects of biotechnology. Here, I provide a personal perspective on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing within the broader context of the field and discuss our work to discover novel Cas effectors and develop them into additional molecular tools. The initial demonstration of Cas9-mediated genome editing launched the development of many other technologies, enabled new lines of biological inquiry, and motivated a deeper examination of natural CRISPR-Cas systems, including the discovery of new types of CRISPR-Cas systems. These new discoveries in turn spurred further technological developments. I review these exciting discoveries and technologies as well as provide an overview of the broad array of applications of these technologies in basic research and in the improvement of human health. It is clear that we are only just beginning to unravel the potential within microbial diversity, and it is quite likely that we will continue to discover other exciting phenomena, some of which it may be possible to repurpose as molecular technologies. The transformation of mysterious natural phenomena to powerful tools, however, takes a collective effort to discover, characterize, and engineer them, and it has been a privilege to join the numerous researchers who have contributed to this transformation of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Euclidean Distance Geometry and Applications (2014)

Euclidean distance geometry is the study of Euclidean geometry based on the concept of distance. This is useful in several applications where the input data consists of an incomplete set of distances, and the output is a set of points in Euclidean space that realizes the given distances. We survey some of the theory of Euclidean distance geometry and some of the most important applications: molecular conformation, localization of sensor networks and statics.
Addition compounds of alkali-metal hydrides. 24. A general method for preparation of potassium trialkoxyborohydrides. A new class of reducing agents (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition compounds of alkali-metal hydrides. 24. A general method for preparation of potassium trialkoxyborohydrides. A new class of reducing agentsHerbert C. Brown, Jin Soon Cha, and Behrooz NazerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 19, 2929–2931Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00187a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (420 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of Sr-Doped LaFeO[sub 3] YSZ Composite Cathodes (2004)

Composites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with Sr-doped (LSF) were studied for application as high-performance cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The composites were formed by aqueous impregnation of porous YSZ with La, Sr, and Fe salts, followed by calcination at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the LSF perovskite phase had formed by 1023 K and that solid-state reaction with the YSZ did not occur below approximately 1223 K. The electronic conductivity of the 40 wt % LSF-YSZ composite was maximized by calcination at 1123 K. SOFCs prepared with a 40 wt % LSF-YSZ cathode showed improved performance over SOFCs prepared with conventional LSM-YSZ cathodes at 973 K, although the performance of cells made with cathodes having lower LSF content did not perform as well. Based on measurements with a reference electrode on an electrolyte-supported cell, the impedance of the 40 wt % LSF-YSZ cathode is approximately in air at 973 K. Finally, a cathode-supported cell was fabricated from a 40 wt % LSF-YSZ cathode and shown to perform well in © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High miR-196a levels promote the oncogenic phenotype of colorectal cancer cells (2009)

miR-196a exerts a pro-oncogenic influence in colorectal cancer.
Compact and broadly tunable near-visible parametric wavelength converter based on polarization-maintaining photonic-crystal fiber (2013)

We report a PM-PCF based near-visible parametric wavelength converter, pumped by a diode-seeded master-oscillator power amplifier. The system is broadly tunable in wavelength (740–810 nm), pulse duration (0.3–2 ns) and repetition rate (1–30 MHz).
Fatal shoulder dystocia: a review of 56 cases reported to the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy (1998)

Antenatal prediction of shoulder dystocia is imprecise, and the majority of deliveries are attended by midwives. A relatively brief delay in delivery of the shoulders may be associated with a fatal outcome.
Interfacial reactions at Al/LiF and LiF/Al (2009)

High-resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical properties of Al–LiF interfaces. An electronic state appeared at the Al/LiF interface with a binding energy 4.8 eV higher than that of the metallic Al 2p core level, but the state was hardly found to be present at the LiF/Al interface. This indicates that intensive chemical reaction could occur at the Al/LiF interface, while the reaction occurring at the LiF/Al interface would be weak. This result explains well the unsymmetrical electron injection from different sides of the symmetrical device of indium-tin-oxide\Al\LiF\tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum\LiF\Al showing unsymmetrical current-voltage characteristics.
National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain (2015)

This National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention Workshop was cosponsored by the NIH Office of Disease Prevention (ODP), the NIH Pain Consortium, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. A multidisciplinary working group developed the workshop agenda, and an evidence-based practice center prepared an evidence report through a contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to facilitate the workshop discussion. During the 1.5-day workshop, invited experts discussed the body of evidence, and attendees had opportunities to provide comments during open discussion periods. After weighing evidence from the evidence report, expert presentations, and public comments, an unbiased, independent panel prepared a draft report that identified research gaps and future research priorities. The report was posted on the ODP Web site for 2 weeks for public comment. This article is an abridged version of the panel's full report, which is available at https://prevention.nih.gov/programs-events/pathways-to-prevention/workshops/opioids-chronic-pain/workshop-resources#final report.
Bulk FinFET fabrication with new approaches for oxide topography control using dry removal techniques (2011)

This work presents a process to fabricate FinFETs in bulk silicon with advancements in critical fabrication steps such as STI trench oxide recess and adjustment of fin height. These steps are accomplished with the adoption of Siconi™ Selective Material Removal (SMR™) in the fabrication flow. FinFETs obtained with this new integration scheme were tested in a co-fabrication process flow proposed to integrate planar CMOS and FinFETs in the same wafer. Morphological and electrical results indicate perfectly filled trenches, better fin height control and bulk FinFET static performance similar to planar CMOS.
Leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein contracts upon binding of ligand (1993)

Small-angle x-ray scattering and computer modeling have been used to study the effects of ligand binding to the leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein, an initial component of the high-affinity active transport system for branched-chain aliphatic amino acids in Escherichia coli. Measurements were made with no ligand present and with either L-leucine or L-valine present. Upon binding of either leucine or valine, there is a decrease in the radius of gyration, from 23.2 +/- 0.2 to 22.2 +/- 0.2 A, and in the maximum particle dimension, from 82 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 3 A. The x-ray structure of the unbound form has been determined and gives a radius of gyration and a maximum dimension consistent with the values found for the solution structure in this study (Sack, J. S., Saper, M. A., and Quiocho, F. A. (1989) J. Mol. Biol. 206, 171-191). The reduction in the radius of gyration and maximum dimension upon ligand binding can be accounted for by a substrate-induced cleft closure in a combined "hinge-twist" motion. Modeling of the substrate-bound state was done by comparison of this protein with another periplasmic binding protein (L-arabinose-binding protein), which possesses a similar two-lobe structure and for which the x-ray structure is known in its ligand-bound form.
Selective Substrates for Non-Neuronal Monoamine Transporters (1999)

The recently identified transport proteins organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), OCT2, and extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) accept dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine as substrates and hence qualify as non-neuronal monoamine transporters. In the present study, selective transport substrates were identified that allow, by analogy to receptor agonists, functional discrimination of these transporters. To contrast efficiency of solute transport, stably transfected 293 cell lines, each expressing a single transporter, were examined side by side in uptake experiments with radiolabeled substrates. Normalized uptake rates indicate that tetraethylammonium, with a rate of about 0.5 relative to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a good substrate for OCT1 and OCT2. It was not, however, accepted as substrate by EMT. Choline was transported exclusively by OCT1, with a rate of about 0.5 relative to MPP+. Histamine was a good substrate with a rate of about 0.6 relative to MPP+ for OCT2 and EMT, but was not transported by OCT1. Guanidine was an excellent substrate for OCT2, with a rate as high as that of MPP+. Transport of guanidine by OCT1 was low, and transport by EMT was negligible. With the guanidine derivatives cimetidine and creatinine, a pattern strikingly similar to guanidine was observed. Collectively, these substrates reveal key differences in solute recognition and turnover and thus challenge the concept of "polyspecific" organic cation transporters. In addition, our data, when compared with previous studies, suggest that OCT2 corresponds to the organic cation/H+ antiport mechanism in renal brush-border membrane vesicles, and that EMT corresponds to the guanidine/H+ antiport mechanism in membrane vesicles from placenta and intestine.