gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving applications on smartphones (2011)

Smartphones are becoming some of our most trusted computing devices. People use them to store highly sensitive information including email, passwords, financial accounts, and medical records. These properties make smartphones an essential platform for privacy-preserving applications. To date, this area remains largely unexplored mainly because privacy-preserving computation protocols were thought to be too heavyweight for practical applications, even for standard desktops. We propose using smartphones to perform secure multi-party computation. The limitations of smartphones provide a number of challenges for building such applications. In this paper, we introduce the issues that make smartphones a unique platform for secure computation, identify some interesting potential applications, and describe our initial experiences creating privacy-preserving applications on Android devices. 1
A Quantum Key Distribution Channel Based on Optical Fibre (1994)

Abstract We describe a prototype quantum key distribution system based on standard optical communication fibre and components. The system has been used to transmit pseudo-random bit sequences encoded in the phase of quasi-single-photon pulses over a distance of 10 km. Bit sequences containing about 150 bits were transmitted in bursts 2 ms long with acceptable error rates of about 5%.
Wavelength-shifting interferometry by a wide tunable laser source with a new phase-shifting technique (2005)

A wavelength-shifting interferometer has been constructed by using a wide-tunable Ti:sapphire laser for three-dimensional range measurement. The phase shifts in five steps by wavelength changes can be measured with an Schwider-Hariharan algorithm in conjunction with sub-fringe measurements by PZT movements in four steps. Experimental results for a step object have been shown.
URGENT PUBLIC HEALTH NEEDS OF THE NATION (1919)

URGENT PUBLIC HEALTH NEEDS OF THE NATION Rupert Blue CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.9.2.98 Published Online: August 30, 2011
The intra-articular use of sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of osteo-arthrosis in the horse (1979)

Abstract Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate was used to treat 16 horses with osteo-arthrosis of the carpus, fetlock, hock and coffin joints. In 11of these horses lameness was completely relieved. In addition, 5 horses that underwent carpal surgery for the removal of chip fractures received sodium hyaluronate 10–14 days later. In thesecases, it appeared to have a beneficial effect, resulting in a greater range of movement of the carpus soon after surgery and less swelling of the joint capsule. The results of synovial fluid analysis in horses with osteo-arthrosis, and with carpal fractures, are also presented.
Animation from instructions (1991)

Animation from Instructions We believe that computer animation in the form of narrated animated simulations can provide an engaging, effective and flexible medium for instructing agents in the performance of tasks. However, we argue that the only way to achieve the kind of flexibility needed to instruct agents of varying capabilities to perform tasks with varying demands in work places of varying layout is to drive both animation and narration from a common representation that embodies the same conceptualization of tasks and actions as Natural Language itself. To this end, we are exploring the use of Natural Language instructions to drive animated simulations. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between instructions and behavior that underlie our work and the overall structure of our system. We then describe in some what more detail three aspects of the system- the representation used
A New Convenient Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds with Secondary Alcohol Methanesulfonates in the Presence of Scandium(III)Trifluoromethanesulfonate or Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid as the Catalyst (1999)

Scandium(III) triflate and triflic acid were both found to be efficient catalysts for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds using methanesulfonates derived from secondary alcohols as alkylating agents.
Comparing and Contrasting First and Second Language Acquisition: Implications for Language Teachers (2009)

In an attempt to understand and explain first language (L1) acquisition and second language (L2) acquisition scholars have put forward many theories. These theories can aid language teachers to understand language learning and to assist their students in their language learning process. The current paper will first look at the similarities between the L1 and L2 acquisition. Then, the differences will be outlined. In the last part of the paper the implications of these findings for foreign language teachers will be discussed.
Flow adjustment and interior flow associated with a rectangular porous obstruction (2011)

The flow at the leading edge and in the interior of a rectangular porous obstruction is described through experiments and scaling. The porous obstruction consists of an emergent, rectangular array of cylinders in shallow flow, a configuration that mimics aquatic vegetation. The main features of the flow depend upon the non-dimensional canopy flow-blockage, which is a function of the obstruction width and porosity. For the ranges of canopy flow-blockage tested in this paper, the fluid decelerates upstream of the obstruction over a length scale proportional to the array width. For high flow-blockage, the interior adjustment length within the porous obstruction is set by the array width. For low flow-blockage, the array's frontal area per unit volume sets the interior adjustment length. Downstream of the adjustment regions, the interior velocity is governed by a balance between the lateral divergence of the turbulent stress and canopy drag, or by a balance between the pressure gradient and canopy drag, depending on the lateral penetration into the array of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) vortices, which is set by the non-dimensional canopy flow-blockage. For a porous obstruction with two stream-parallel edges, the KH vortex streets along the two edges are in communication across the width of the array: a phenomenon that results in cross-array vortex organization, which significantly enhances the vortex strength and creates significant lateral transport within the porous obstruction.
Serum amyloid A‐derived peptides, present in human rheumatic synovial fluids, induce the secretion of interferon‐γ by human CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> T‐lymphocytes (2000)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein whose biochemical functions remain largely obscure. Human rheumatic synovial fluids were screened by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for SAA-derived peptides, specifically the sequence AGLPEKY (SAA(98-104)) which was previously shown to modulate various leukocyte functions. Two such fluids were found to contain a truncated version of SAA(98-104). Synthetic SAA(98-104) and several of its analogs were shown capable of binding isolated human CD(4)(+) T-lymphocytes and stimulating them to produce interferon-gamma. Given the high acute-phase serum level of SAA and its massive proteolysis by inflammatory related enzymes, SAA-derived peptides may be involved in host defense mechanisms.
Glucose administration combined with photodynamic therapy of cancer improves therapeutic efficacy (1992)

Both the scope and the levels of activity in basic research and in the clinical applications of PDT, have grown enormously during the past few years. Several studies have examined the synergism of hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents in combination with PDT to enhance tumor eradication. The present study investigates the synergism of glucose administration combined with phototherapy. The results of this study suggest that glucose administration is simple and well tolerated, and combined with PDT produces a larger percentage of animals cured than using PDT alone. Furthermore, the results indicate that this approach requires lower amounts of light and might enable dosage reduction of photosensitizer for optimal response, with minimal side effects, to the treatment of cancer.
A PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON A NAVIGATION DEMAND MODEL (2001)

Pedestrian intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is remarked for one of the post ITS which provides pedestrians and wheelchair users with convenient navigation. Pedestrians move more slowly than cars. If a pedestrian goes the wrong way, he must retrace his steps, which requires the expenditure of energy and time. So in comparison to car navigation, pedestrian navigation must be more detailed, with greater consideration given to the route complexity and the user's psychological characteristics. By means of questionnaires, the authors examined which factors affect users' demands for navigation. The responses to questionnaires from 96 subjects show that the following three factors contribute most to users' demands: the route non-linearity, the junction complexity and the change of road width. The degree of the navigation demand is represented as a linear combination of these three factors. This paper describes a navigation demand model which can automatically calculate the degree of the navigation demand. Three factors are automatically extracted from map information. The automatic generation of a navigation system based on this model runs on a PC. This technology will be applied to the actual service Ekimae-Tanken Club ( ) soon.
Advances in dietary fibre characterisation. 2. Consumption, chemistry, physiology and measurement of resistant starch; implications for health and food labelling (2003)

Resistant starch (RS) is defined as 'the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals'. This basic definition includes different types of starches that (1) are physically inaccessible, usually due to an encapsulation in intact cell walls, or (2) are naturally highly resistant to mammalian alpha-amylase, or (3) have been modified by hydrothermic treatments then retrograded. Interest in RS has increased significantly during the last two decades, mostly due to its capacity to produce a large amount of butyrate all along the colon. Butyrate has been observed to have a range of effects on cell metabolism, differentiation and cell growth as well as inhibition of a variety of factors that underlie the initiation, progression and growth of colon tumours. The physiological definition of RS, which seems to be nearly consensual, raises a difficulty in proper analytical quantification of RS. A number of methods have, however, been proposed and provide similar values for the RS content in most of the starch types and starchy foods. It seems, however, that some starches, proven to be partly resistant according to in vivo investigations on ileostomy subjects, could not be quantified by most of these methods. This may be due to a widespread use of glucoamylase during the first steps of these methods. Accordingly, there is an international debate on health aspects of RS and on how to quantify the RS content of food products. The present review describes aspects of classification of RS, past and current consumption, physiological effects and analytical aspects, and concludes with impacts on food and product labelling.
Trimethylaluminum as a Reducing Agent in the Atomic Layer Deposition of Ti(Al)N Thin Films (2001)

Ti(Al)N thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from titanium tetrachloride, ammonia, and trimethylaluminum. The most important role of trimethylaluminum was to act as an extra reducing agent in order to lower the required deposition temperature. The films were deposited using four different schemes, where the pulsing order and pulse time of the reactants, and the deposition temperature, were varied. The film properties were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and resistivity measurements. Additionally, the diffusion barrier properties of selected 10 nm thick films were studied. Both carbon and aluminum were incorporated into the Ti(Al)N films. Despite that, at deposition temperatures of 400 °C and lower, Ti(Al)N films exhibited better characteristics than TiN films deposited from titanium tetrachloride and ammonia.
Optical Rectification (1965)

Optical rectification, which is the production of a steady polarization in certain crystals by the action of an intense optical electric field, was first observed in crystals of K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ upon transmission of ruby-laser radiation. The present paper describes measurements for several crystals, which have been accomplished with an improved version of the original technique. Values for the appropriate macroscopic coefficients are: (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$)=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (K${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$)=10.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zxx}}}^{0}$ (CdS)=45\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zzz}}}^{0}$ (CdS)=35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zxx}}}^{0}$ [Cd(${\mathrm{S}}_{0.75}$+${\mathrm{Se}}_{0.25}$)]=145\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; and (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (ZnTe)=365\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu. These absolute values are considered reliable only to within a factor 3, owing largely to uncertainty in determining the ruby-laser beam intensity. The relative values, however, are considered to be reliable within 50%. These results are compared with theoretical predictions and found to be consistent with the currently accepted quantum-mechanical theory of nonlinear optical phenomena. In particular, the intimate connection between the linear electro-optic effect (Pockel's effect) and optical rectification now appears to be firmly established. The theory can also be used, with some severe approximations, to yield crude predictions of the relative values obtained in the present experiments.
Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation interaction with hemodynamic and hormonal factors (1999)

It is generally admitted that the pathogenesis of perivascular and interstitial cardiac fibrosis involves the response to two types of stimuli: a hormonal one, mainly involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the more recently described endothelin system, and a hemodynamic stimulus, particularly high blood pressure. We propose in the present review a third step which, although not exclusive, interacts with the hormonal and hemodynamic ones, and involves inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, hypertension is invariably associated with inflammatory cell infiltration either in the intimal part of large vessels or in the adventitial region of arterioles. This has led us to hypothesize that arterial wall cells may trigger the initial communications attracting inflammatory cells to the perivascular region. In this paper, we review the proinflammatory intercellular communications as well as the intracellular signaling which confer an inflammatory phenotype to arteries. In this context, the profibrogenic and proinflammatory effects of hemodynamic overload and peptidergic systems such as angiotensin II and endothelin are considered. The study of the inflammatory process is not without interest, especially in view of the strong modulating effect of the inflammatory mediators both on the inflammatory process itself and on the fibrotic process. The principal and the most potent mediators are reviewed. Finally, the hypothesis that the inflammatory process could be in reality an immune specific process is suggested.
Applications of rigid and flexible GRIN-endoscopes (2007)

Multiphoton autofluorescence imaging became an important technique for minimal invasive examination of cells in biological tissue. Rigid and flexible endoscopes based on gradient index lenses (GRIN-lenses) extend this minimalinvasive technique to deep lying cell layers, inner body and specimens, difficult to access. In the rigid endoscope, a GRIN-lens overcomes the limited depth range, given by the working distance of the microscope objective. The focus of the conventional laser scanning tomography is reproduced tens of millimeters in the specimen under study by the GRIN-lens (diameter 1.8 and 3 &mgr;m). We will present images of fluorescent beads, proteins cells and skin tissue, as well as first <i>in vivo</i> measurements on human skin. The autofluorescence signal stems from the endogenous fluorophore elastin and SHG from collagen. The flexible endoscope dispenses completely the need of a microscope next to the specimen of interest. The excitation laser pulses is delivered via a well-characterized photonic crystal fiber and subsequently focused by a newly designed GRIN-lens system. The fluorescence, also transferred by a fiber is detected by a PMT detector. We will show the excellent imaging qualities of a newly developed GRIN-lens system with high-resolution images of proteins, cells and plant tissue and give an out-look on multiphoton endoscopy.
Three-in-one: the novel packing and structures of three independent molecules of a tricyclic boron compound (2006)

The three independent molecules in a single crystal of the tricyclic compound 15-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-5,5,13,13-tetramethyl-1,7,9,14,16-pentaoxa-5,13-diazonia-15-bora-6,8-diboratadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane, C15H36B3N3O6, are bound in dense layers by C-H...O(B) intermolecular interactions. The 3-(dimethylamino)propoxy arms adopt three different conformations with only van der Waals contact distances between the layers. The replicated differences in the B-N bond lengths [mean 1.723 (7) and 1.678 (5) A] for equivalent geometries are addressed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Application of a usage profile in software quality models (2003)

Faults discovered by customers are an important aspect of software quality. The working hypothesis of this paper is that variables derived from an execution profile can be useful in software quality models. An execution profile of a software system consists of the probability of execution of each module during operations. Execution represents opportunities for customers to discover faults. However, an execution profile over an entire customer-base can be difficult to measure directly. Deployment records of past releases can be a valuable source of data for calculating an approximation to the probability of execution. We analyze a metric derived from deployment records which is a practical surrogate for an execution profile in the context of a software quality model. We define usage as the proportion of systems in the field which have a module deployed. We present a case study of a very large legacy telecommunications system. We developed models using a standard statistical technique to predict whether software modules will have any faults discovered by customers on systems in the field. Static software product metrics and usage were independent variables. The significance levels of variables in logistic regression models were analyzed, and models with and without usage as an independent variable were compared. The case study was empirical evidence that usage can be a significant contributor to a software quality model.
The Rail Yard Manager (2002)

The Rail Yard Manager (RYM) system is a scheduling and decision support tool used by yard operators and yard managers to increase service reliability through improved operations in a rail yard. The paper describes the intelligent strategies used to schedule operations in a rail yard. It is shown how artificial intelligence and operations research techniques, with the help of object oriented technology can complement one another in developing an efficient and effective tool for rail yard management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vernetzung von Phenolcarbonsäureestern von Polysacchariden durch oxydative phenolische Kupplung (1971)

Abstract Guaran, a watersoluble polysaccharide, was esterified with various phenolic acids. Solutions of these esters formed gels upon oxidation. In these gels the phenolic ester groups were crosslinked by oxidative phenolic coupling, the corresponding dimeric phenolic acids being liberated by saponification.
Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampling for switching linear dynamical systems (2004)

This paper describes the application of Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampling (RBGS) to speech recognition using switching linear dynamical systems (SLDS). The SLDS is a hybrid of standard hidden Markov models (HMM) and linear dynamical systems. It is an extension of the stochastic segment model as it relaxes the assumption of independent segments. SLDS explicitly take into account the strong co-articulation present in speech. Unfortunately, inference in SLDS is intractable unless the discrete state sequence is known. RBGS is one approach that may be applied for both improved training and decoding for this form of intractable model. The theory of SLDS and RBGS is described, along with an efficient proposal mechanism. The performance of the SLDS using RBGS for training and inference is evaluated on the ARPA Resource Management task.
Grid Labeling Using A Marked Grid (1989)

Accurate grid labeling is a key step in recovering 3-D surfaces from structured light images. Knowledge of the real world (projector and camera geometry, surface continuity and smoothness, etc.) can be used to derive a set of local and global constraints which the grid labels must satisfy. Propagation of these constraints eliminates all but a small set of possible grid labels, but ambiguous solutions may still remain. This paper discusses a method of eliminating grid labeling ambiguity by adding constraints introduced by placing markers within the grid pattern. Grid labeling is based on geometric and topological constraints. Geometric constraints are global constraints on grid labels arising from knowledge of the camera and projector geometry, from assumed opaqueness of the object, and from knowledge of the work volume. Topological constraints are local constraints on grid labels arising from the sequential ordering of grid labels along a single grid stripe in the camera image, and from the assumption that a continuous (smooth) network of grid stripes in the camera image indicates a continuous (smooth) three-dimensional surface. This last assumption may be sometimes violated due to infrequent "viewing accidents" which may be caused by surface irregularities such as occluding contours or creases or by image processing errors. A problem with previous methods is the possible ambiguity of the recovered surface. This ambiguity occurs when more than one globally consistent set of grid labels is obtained, and consequently more than one object surface is possible. Our results show that the locations of the grid markers provide additional constraints to guide the grid labeling. We will present results of using several algorithms for labeling grids in structured light images. We will show that the additional constraints can be easily included into constraint propagation algorithms previously used for grid labeling.