gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy Using Pulsed-Dye Laser (1990)

The combination of flexible ureteroscopy and pulsed-dye laser lithotripsy was employed in treating 31 proximal ureteral and caliceal calculi. Initially, seven of nine calculi were fragmented using the Candela MDL-1 laser with the 200-μm fiber delivery system. Those calculi that did not fragment were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. An additional 22 patients were successfully treated using the Technomed Pu Isolith, a more powerful system employing larger, interchangeable laser fibers. Greater than 60% of these calculi were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate, and some were impacted. Proximal and caliceal calculi are best-treated via actively deflectable flexible ureteroscopes. Calculi in the distal third of the ureter are best treated with short rigid ureteroscopes. Larger calcium oxalate monohydrate fragments should be removed, with the 3-prong grasper the instrument of choice. Baskets should be avoided.
Component types qualification in Java legacy code driven by communication integrity rules (2011)

Component Based Software Engineering is a way to improve software modularization and to embed architectural concerns in the source code. Making explicit the architectural concerns in code helps to mitigate the problem of architectural erosion. The restructuring of legacy code with components in mind requires the use of tools to assess compliance with component programming principles. The property of communication integrity is one of the major principles for implementing software architectures. However, there is a paucity of tools for assessing the quality of code components. To cope with this issue, we define a component model in Java and a tool for identifying component types, which relies on a set of rules to statically check potential violations of the communication integrity property in Java source code. We illustrate its application with a case study and report the results of our experiments with it.
KINETIN, A CELL DIVISION FACTOR FROM DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKINETIN, A CELL DIVISION FACTOR FROM DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID1Carlos O. Miller, Folke Skoog, Malcolm H. Von Saltza, and F. M. StrongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1392Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01610a105https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1371Altmetric-Citations500LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long minority carrier lifetimes in 6H SiC grown by chemical vapor deposition (1995)

The room-temperature minority carrier lifetimes have been measured on 6H SiC epitaxial layers with residual n-type doping ranging from below 1014 cm−3 to above 1017 cm−3. Lifetimes as high as 0.45 μs have been achieved for thick low-doped material. The samples were grown by chemical vapor deposition using silane and propane or silane and methane in a hydrogen ambient. The minority carrier lifetimes were measured by monitoring the decay of the near-band gap room-temperature luminescence of the samples after excitation of a short laser pulse.
Nanometer-Thick Conformal Pore Sealing of Self-Assembled Mesoporous Silica by Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

On a porous substrate, regular atomic layer deposition (ALD) not only takes place on top of the substrate but also penetrates into the internal porosity. Here we report a plasma-assisted process in which the ALD precursors are chosen to be nonreactive unless triggered by plasma, so that ALD can be spatially defined by the supply of plasma irradiation. Since plasma cannot penetrate within the internal porosity, ALD has been successfully confined to the immediate surface. This not only gives a possible solution for sealing of porous low dielectric constant films with a conformal layer of nm-scale thickness but also enables us to progressively reduce the pore size of mesoporous materials in a sub-A/cycle fashion for membrane formation.
Analysis of Residual Products in Benzalkonium Chloride by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1999)

A method for the separation of the homologous series of benzalkonium chloride (BAK), benzyl chloride, and possible byproducts is presented. Under recommended conditions, 2 mobile phases (isocratic and gradient elutions, depending on the impurities present) are proposed. A study of the kinetics of the removal of benzyl chloride under different conditions (catalyst, excess of amine, different solvents) allows the synthesis of BAK without residual benzyl chloride.
Teratogenic effects of lithium in mice (1982)

The question of the teratogenicity of lithium carbonate was tested in two inbred strains of mice that are susceptible to teratogens. Strains 129 and A/J mice were treated with varying dosages of lithium carbonate on day 8, 9, or 10, and strain A/J mice were sequentially treated on days 11, 12, and 13 of gestation. Another group of mice of strain 129 were given lithium carbonate in drinking water throughout pregnancy. Levels of lithium were determined in mouse serum (and in brain) of mothers and their offspring with the purpose of comparing equivalent values in mice and in man. A baseline dosage of 0.8 mg of lithium carbonate was chosen, since this dose produced a serum lithium level of 0.8 meq/L, which is comparable to values of patients treated for manic-depressive illness. This baseline dosage or 2 and 4 times this amount did not prove teratogenic in strain 129 mice. However, 5.0 mg (200 mg/kg), which is one-half the LD50 value, caused 41% malformations. The baseline dosage did not cause malformations in strain A/J when given on day 11, 12, or 13 of gestation. Lithium carbonate given in the drinking water to strain 129 mice throughout pregnancy at a concentration that produces serum levels in mice consistent with human values was deleterious. The data suggest that whole or part of total litters were eliminated. The few survivors were apparently normal. Our results suggest that 6 times the therapeutic serum lithium level in humans is teratogenic in mice, as tested by acute experiments. Chronic treatment with a quantity of lithium that produces a serum level equivalent to that of human values is toxic to whole or part of the litters of mice.
Data driven design of fault diagnosis systems (2012)

Due to the increasing demands on system performance, production quality as well as economic operation, modern technical systems become more complicated and the automation degrees are significantly growing. To ensure the safety and reliability of such complicated processes, an effective fault diagnosis system is of prime importance in process industry nowadays. Although the model-based fault diagnosis theory has been well established, it is still difficult to establish mathematical model by means of the first principles for large-scale process. On the other hand, a large amount of historical data from regular sensor measurements, event-logs and records are often available in such industrial processes. Motivated by this observation, it is of great interest to design fault diagnosis schemes only based on the available process data. Hence, development of efficient data-driven fault diagnosis schemes for different operating conditions is the primary objective of this thesis. This thesis is firstly dedicated to the modifications on the standard multivariate statistical process monitoring approaches. The modified approaches are considerably simple, and most importantly, avoid the drawbacks of the standard techniques. As a result, the proposed approaches are able to provide enhanced fault diagnosis performance on the applications under stationary operating conditions. The further study of this thesis focuses on developing reliable fault diagnosis schemes for dynamic processes under industrial operating conditions. Instead of identifying the entire process model, primary fault diagnosis can be efficiently realized by the identification of key components. Advanced design schemes like multiple residuals generator and state observer are also investigated to ensure high fault sensitivity performance. For the large-scale processes involving changes, e.g. in operating regimes for in the manipulated variables, the recursive and adaptive techniques are studied to cope with such uncertainty issues. A novel data-driven adaptive scheme is proposed, whose stability and convergence rate are analytically proven. Compared to the standard techniques, this approach does not involve complicated on-line computation and produces consistent estimate of the unknown parameters. To illustrate the effectiveness of the derived data-driven approaches, three industrial benchmark processes, i.e. the Tennessee Eastman chemical plant, the fed-batch fermentation penicillin process and the continuously stirred tank heater, are finally considered in this thesis.
Proto-oncogene and growth factor/receptor expression in the establishment of primary human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. (1993)

In our effort to delineate factors that govern the ability of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) to form monolayer cell lines, we have attempted to derive monolayer cell lines from the primary cultures of 29 unselected human NSCLCs. Eight new lines were obtained. Cell lines were easier to establish from poorly differentiated tumors, especially adenocarcinomas. One cell line was from a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. All cell lines were aneuploid, and they exhibited heterogeneous nutritional requirements for growth in vitro. Cell line-forming primary tumors demonstrated higher mean messenger RNA expression levels for transforming growth factor-alpha and c-met proto-oncogene than did tumors that failed to form cell lines. Although a high level of c-myc expression was correlated with the ability of NSCLC cell lines to form xenograft tumors in nude mice, it was not correlated with the ability of primary tumors to establish cell lines. The results suggest that autocrine growth loops play important roles in the ability of NSCLC cells to proliferate continuously in monolayer culture. The fact that the overexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha in NSCLCs has been negatively correlated with patient survival and that most cell lines can be established only from poorly differentiated carcinomas may provide the explanation for a previous report that the capability for cell line establishment constitutes a negative prognostic indicator for patient survival. However, when the genotype and phenotype of the cell lines were compared with those of their corresponding primary or xenograft tumors, the tumor cells that grew continuously as a cell line often represented a selective subpopulation of the heterogeneous neoplastic cells in the primary tumors. This finding should be taken into consideration when cell lines are used to evaluate the chemo- and radiosensitivity of tumor cells.
Small moving object detection using adaptive subband decomposition and fractional lower order statistics in video sequences (2001)

In this paper, a small moving object method detection method in video sequence is described. In the first step, the camera motion is eliminated using motion compensation. An adaptive subband decomposition structure is then used to analyze the motion compensated image. In the highband subimages moving objects appear as outliers and they are detected using a statistical detection test based on lower order statistics. It turns out that in general, the distribution of the residual error image pixels is almost Gaussian. On the other hand, the distribution of the pixels in the residual image deviates from Gaussianity in the existence of outliers. By detecting the regions containing outliers the boundaries of the moving objects are estimated. Simulation examples are presented.
Web Server Protection against Application Layer DDoS Attacks Using Machine Learning and Traffic Authentication. (2015)

Application layer Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are among the deadliest kinds of attacks that have significant impact on destination servers and networks due to their ability to be launched with minimal computational resources to cause an effect of high magnitude. Commercial and government Web servers have become the primary target of these kinds of attacks, with the recent mitigation efforts struggling to deaden the problem efficiently. Most application layer DDoS attacks can successfully mimic legitimate traffic without being detected by Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). IDSs and IPSs can also mistake a normal and legitimate activity for a malicious one, producing a False Positive (FP) that affects Web users if it is ignored or dropped. False positives in a large and complex network topology can potentially be dangerous as they may cause IDS/IPS to block the user's benign traffic. Our focus and contributions in this paper are first, to mitigate the undetected malicious traffic mimicking legitimate traffic and developing a special anti-DDoS module for general and specific DDoS tools attacks by using a trained classifier in a random tree machine-learning algorithm. We use labeled datasets to generate rules to incorporate and fine-tune existing IDS/IPS such as Snort. Secondly, we further assist IDS/IPS by processing traffic that is classified as malicious by the IDS/IPS in order to identify FPs and route them to their intended destinations. To achieve this, our approach uses active authentication of traffic source of both legitimate and malicious traffic at the Bait and Decoy server respectively before destined to the Web server.
Amplitude aperture-distribution control in displaced-axis two-reflector antennas (1997)

A design method for improving the efficiency and reduction of sidelobes in displaced-axis two-reflector antennas is presented. The method is based on an analysis of the geometrical-optics field transformation in the displaced-axis two-reflector arrangement. The principal difference of the displaced-axis antenna from the Cassegrain/Gregory two-reflector antenna is pointed out. While decreasing the level of illumination of the subreflector edge in the Cassegrain/Gregory antenna leads to decreasing the sidelobe levels, and, respectively, the efficiency of the antenna system, in the displaced-axis antenna, decreasing the level of illumination of the subreflector leads to an increased level of sidelobes and an essentially nonuniform amplitude distribution in the aperture. The aperture-amplitude-distribution dependence of the illumination level of the subreflector edge in displaced-axis antennas is much stronger than in Cassegrain/Gregory antennas.
Communications for Underwater Robotics Research Platforms (2008)

This paper presents a distributed protocol for communication among autonomous underwater vehicles. It is a complementary approach for coordination between the autonomous underwater vehicles. This paper mainly describes different methods for underwater communication. One of the methods is brute force approach in which messages are broadcasted to all the communication nodes, which in turn will broadcast the acknowledgement. Issues relating to this brute force approach are time delay, number of hops, power consumption, message collision and other practical issues. These issues are discussed and solved by proposing a new method to improve efficiency of this proposed approach and its effectiveness in communication among autonomous underwater vehicles.
An Immunologically Cryptic Epitope of Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein Facilitates Liver Cell Recognition and Induces Protective Antibodies That Block Liver Cell Invasion (2005)

Circumsporozoite, a predominant surface protein, is involved in invasion of liver cells by Plasmodium sporozoites, which leads to malaria. We have previously reported that the amino terminus region (amino acids 27-117) of P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein plays a critical role in the invasion of liver cells by the parasite. Here we show that invasion-blocking antibodies are induced by a polypeptide encoding these 91 amino acids, only when it is presented in the absence of the rest of the protein. This suggests that when present in the whole protein, the amino terminus remains immunologically cryptic. A single reactive epitope was identified and mapped to a stretch of 21 amino acids from position 93 to 113. The epitope is configurational in nature, since its recognition was affected by deleting as little as 3 amino acids from either end of the 21-residue peptide. Lysine 104, the only known polymorphic position in the epitope, affected its recognition by the antibodies, and its conversion to leucine in the protein led to a substantial loss of binding activity of the protein to the hepatocytes. This indicated that in the protein, the epitope serves as a binding ligand and facilitates the interaction between sporozoite and hepatic cells. When considered along with the observation that in its native state this motif is immunologically unresponsive, we suggest that hiding functional moieties of the protein from the immune system is an evasion strategy to preserve liver cell binding function and may be of importance in designing anti-sporozoite vaccines.
Multi-Path Analog Circuits Robust to Digital Substrate Noise (2008)

A multi-path structure is proposed for reduction in effect of digital substrate noise which degrades analog circuit performance. As an example low-pass filters are implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. 11-dBm reduction in digital substrate noise is achieved as compared with a conventional structure.
Semantically Annotating a Web Service (2007)

In the past few years, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has transitioned from a partially formed vision into a widely implemented paradigm, with Web services (WS) being the forerunners to implementing SOA-based solutions. But even though the current trend is to use Web services' standards-based nature to establish static connections between various components, businesses are starting to explore dynamic value-added propositions, such as reuse, interoperability, and agility
Advances in Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization (2003)

Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization is one of the most rapidly developing areas of polymer science. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) and various degenerate transfer processes, including reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT), enable the preparation of new materials from readily available monomers under undemanding conditions. Some of the relative advantages and limitations of each of these systems and some future challenges are discussed.
Computation of discharge using the index-velocity method in tidally affected areas (2005)

Computation of a discharge time-series in a tidally affected area is a two-step process. First, the cross-sectional area is computed on the basis of measured water levels and the mean cross-sectional velocity is computed on the basis of the measured index velocity. Then discharge is calculated as the product of the area and mean velocity. Daily mean discharge is computed as the daily average of the low-pass filtered discharge. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and San Francisco Bay, California, is an area that is strongly influenced by the tides, and therefore is used as an example of how this methodology is used.
The Synthesis of Disalicyl Alcohols (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Disalicyl AlcoholsJose Philip and John A. McLean Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 3, 405Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00327a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00327a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimization of an ion-optics system with “thick” electrodes for the diagnostic neutral beam injector of the TEXTOR tokamak (1997)

The optimization results of the ion-optics system in a neutral beam injector are considered which is developed for application of beam emission spectroscopy in the TEXTOR tokamak. The injector is capable to deliver a neutral beam of at least 1 A in hydrogen and deuterium at 50 keV for a pulse length of 5 s into the plasma. The simulation results with the AXCEL code for grids of 4 mm thickness are discussed. The ion current of 2 A extracted by a multihole grid system at a current density of 120 mA/cm2 is generated by a rf driven ion source. The beamlet half angular divergence is below 0.6° for the optimized four-electrode ion optics system. The estimated temperature rise of the inertially cooled molybdenum grids with 150 holes and 58% transparency is max. 270 K and the related degradation in beam quality by thermal grid expansion is acceptable.
Red Cell Aggregation Induced by a High Molecular Weight Gelatin Plasma Substitute (1971)

In the course of clinical investigation of a new higher molecular weight plasma substitute made of gelatin (MW 60,000), severe side reactions were observed in 2 patients. As the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was markedly raised in both patients after the gelatin infusion, it was thought that these reactions might result from the effect of the gelatin solution on red cell aggregation. The effect of gelatin solutions on red cell aggregation was studied in vitro on human blood and in vivo in dogs using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and an optical density method to assess its degree. It was shown by all methods that the high molecular weight gelatin fraction induced marked red cell aggregation and it has been concluded that the present gelatin solution cannot be recommended for use in clinical practice.