gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear dynamics of microcantilevers in tapping mode atomic force microscopy: A comparison between theory and experiment (2002)

The nonlinear dynamic response of atomic force microscopy cantilevers tapping on a sample is discussed through theoretical, computational, and experimental analysis. Experimental measurements are presented for the frequency response of a specific microcantilever-sample system to demonstrate the nonlinear features, including multiple jump phenomena leading to reproducible hysteresis. We show that a comprehensive analysis using modern continuation tools for computational nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation problems reproduces all essential features of the data. A close connection is established between the features of the interaction potential well and the nonlinear forced tip response. In particular, the effects of the nonlinear van der Waals forces, the nanoscale contact nonlinearities, and microcantilever damping, as well as the effects of forced and parametric excitation on the bifurcations and instabilities of forced periodic motions of the microcantilever system, are discussed in detail. The results indicate that nonlinear system identification methods could be used as effective tools to extract detailed information about the tip--surface interaction potential.
Performance Comparison of Different Forms of Kalman Filter Approach for a Vector-Based GNSS Signal Tracking Loop (2009)

In this paper we discuss several different Kalman filter
implementation methods to estimate signal parameters in
a GNSS receiver’s signal tracking loop with a special
emphasis given to how to construct the measurement
residuals and the relevant design matrix. They are three
variations of error state Kalman filter for a loop filter, and
a direct state Kalman filter for the entire signal tracking
loop. Detailed signal models for a local channel signal
tracking loop are presented. Based on this, four different
Kalman filters for code and carrier trackings are designed
compared with the traditional signal tracking loop.
Especially, the block diagram implementation of the
direct state Kalman filter for the entire signal tracking
loop is proposed by using the analogy relationship with
the traditional method in a scalar tracking mode and a
vector tracking mode. Numerical simulation results show
that the Kalman filter-based signal tracking loops provide
2 dB carrier-to-noise ratio gain with 25 percent of
accuracy improvement in the carrier phase tracking, and 3
dB carrier-to-noise ratio gain with 30 percent of accuracy
improvement in the Doppler tracking compared to the
traditional methods.
Urothelial and Kidney Cancers (2016)

This management guide covers the treatment of urothelial cancers (carcinomas of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis) and kidney cancers (renal tumors).
Lyophilization of Liposomal Formulations: Still Necessary, Still Challenging (2018)

Nowadays, the freeze-drying of liposome dispersions is still necessary to provide a solid dosage form intended for different routes of administration (i.e., parenteral, oral, nasal and/or pulmonary). However, after decades of studies the optimization of process conditions remains still challenging since the freezing and the dehydration destabilize the vesicle organization with the concomitant drug leakage. Starting from the thermal properties of phospholipids, this work reviews the main formulation and process parameters which can guarantee a product with suitable characteristics and increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process. In particular, an overview of the cryo- and/or lyo-protective mechanisms of several excipients and the possible use of co-solvent mixtures is provided. Attention is also focused on the imaging methods recently proposed to characterize the appearance of freeze-dried products and liposome dispersions upon reconstitution. The combination of such data would allow a better knowledge of the factors causing inter-vials variability in the attempt to improve the quality of the final medicinal product.
Partition affinity ligand assay (PALA) for quantitation of triiodothyronine in serum. (1982)

Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine was performed with a homogeneous incubation system. Bound and free ligand were separated by partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system. The agreement between the results obtained with this technique and conventional heterogeneous radioimmunoassay was very good (r = 0.981).
An Enhanced VoIP Emergency Services Prototype (2006)

In this document we describe enhancements made to the prototype for emergency services in VoIP originally proposed and implemented in (Mintz-Habib, Rawat, Schulzrinne and Wu, 2005). In particular, we describe alternative methods of acquiring the physical location of an emergency caller and a novel way of using location information to determine call destination. We also introduce psapd, an enhanced third party call controller at the public safety answering point (PSAP), and discuss new features made possible by psapd. Preparations are underway in Texas and Virginia to install and test the enhanced prototype.
IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANC BY TRANSCUTANEOUS NERVE STIMULATION IN ATHLETES (1984)

The present pilot study tested the exercise response to transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) of 21 volunteers, who were well-trained competitive athletes. In 62 experiments (n) they received low-frequency TNS (2 Hz) for 30-45 min prior to either a road or track race, swimming race, bicycle ergometer exercise, isometric muscular endurance test, or dynamometer hand grip test. Improvement in performance compared with a corresponding number of control tests, without TNS or with placebo stimulation in the same subjects, was almost regularly observed in running, swimming and ergometer cycling, although with great individual variations. The average improvement was 4.3 sec (2.2%) in 1.000 m road racing (n = 9); 2.3 sec (1.8%) in 800 m track racing (n = 5); 0.9 sec (1.4%) in 100 m swimming (n = 12); 1.3 sec (0.8%) in 200 m swimming (n = 6); and 2.5 sec (0.9%) in 400 m swimming (n = 3). In a bicycle ergometer test with stepwise, progressive exercise to muscular fatigue, the maximal capacity was increased by 9% (n = 4). Local isometric muscle endurance of the elbow flexors (n = 7) and hand grip strengths (n = 11) were not significantly altered. Possible mechanisms involved in the response to TNS are discussed.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PARATHYROID HORMONE: CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTISERA AGAINST SYNTHETIC 1–34 HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE AND EVIDENCE THAT POSITION 30 IN HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE IS ASPARTIC ACID (1977)

Radioimmunoassays for the measurement of the 1--34 human parathyroid hormone fragment (1--34 hPTH) were developed using antisera raised in rabbits against synthetic 1--34 hPTH-N (amino acid sequence proposed by Niall). Binding of 125I-labelled 1--34 hPTH-N to these antisera was optimal at pH 5-5. Limits of detection varied between 25 and 200 pg/ml. Cross-reactivity of 1--34 bovine PTH was substantial in all assays; 1--34 hPTH-B (structure proposed by Brewer), 1--84 hPTH and 1--29 hPTH cross-reacted only with antisera from one animal. 1--29 Human PTH was obtained from partial hydrolysis of both 1--84 hPTH and 1--34 hPTH-N. Production of 1--29 hPTH from 1--84 hPTH was demonstrated by comparison of the elution profiles of the reaction product and 1--29 bovine PTH on Sephadex G-50. Thus, evidence was obtained that position 30 in native hPTH is occupied by an aspartic acid residue.
The Effect of Residual Calcium in Decalcified Freeze-dried Bone Allograft in a Critical-sized Defect in the Rattus norvegicus Calvarium (2006)

Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), a widely used graft material in periodontal regenerative procedures, is processed with hydrochloric acid in the attempt to expose proteins located within the bone matrixes that are capable of inducing new bone formation. However, the degree of DFDBA demineralization varies between tissue banks, which may have an effect on clinical regeneration. This study uses the critical-sized defect (CSD) model to evaluate the wound-healing response to the residual calcium of donor bone. If the percentage of residual calcium in a graft were demonstrated to significantly enhance wound healing, then periodontal patients may benefit from further standardization of human-allograft processing. Sixty adult, male, Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly and equally divided into 4 test groups (ie, DFDBA at 1%, 2%, and 3% to 6% residual calcium levels and FDBA at 23% residual calcium) and a control group (no allograft). An 8-mm-diameter craniotomy was made in the rat calvarium, and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with pore sizes of 0.50 microm were placed intracranially and ectocranially. Treatment materials were carefully placed into the CSD with a new sterilized dental amalgam carrier. Tetracycline hydrochloride was injected intraperitoneally for labeling new bone growth, and animals were euthanized 12 weeks postsurgery. As a result, histomorphometric bone fill at 12 weeks showed a statistically significant increase in the 2% DFDBA group as compared to all other groups. The authors conclude that a 2% residual calcium level in human DFDBA appears to significantly (P < or = .05) enhance osseous wound healing in the rat calvarium.
Dielectric breakdown of sulphur hexafluoride (1953)

THIS ARTICLE presents some of the anomalies in the dielectric breakdown of sulphur hexafluoride as functions of pressure and electrode separation in a nonuniform field. At atmospheric pressure, this gas has unexpectedly high 60-cycle breakdown voltage for large gaps. At larger spacings, the spark-over voltage may increase more than proportional to the spacing, rather than levelling off as is more usual. This results in an inflection in the curve of breakdown voltage versus spacing, Figure 2. In this case, corona precedes spark-over.
Polyamines from cyanobutadienes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyamines from cyanobutadienesF. J. WeigertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 4, 622–626Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00398a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00398a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alignment with intra-class structure can improve classification (2015)

High dimensional data is modeled using low-rank subspaces, and the probability of misclassification is expressed in terms of the principal angles between subspaces. The form taken by this expression motivates the design of a new feature extraction method that enlarges inter-class separation, while preserving intra-class structure. The method can be tuned to emphasize different features shared by members within the same class. Classification performance is compared to that of state-of-the-art methods on synthetic data and on the real face database. The probability of misclassification is decreased when intra-class structure is taken into account.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SATURATION ANALYSIS (1970)

ABSTRACT 'Saturation analysis' is the term originally proposed by one of us ( Barakat & Ekins 1961) to describe the general analytical method relying on progressive saturation by the test compound of a specific reagent. It has, in the last ten years, been applied to widely differing groups of physiologically important compounds using a variety of classes of reactive material. This review is intended to summarise the fundamental requirements of the method, with particular reference to the aim of achieving an 'accurate' result. Some of the mathematical principles underlying optimal assay design are discussed.
Charge pump boosting techniquefor power noise immune high-speed PLL implementation (1998)

A phase-locked (PLL) with a charge pump boosting technique is described. The technique enables the voltage controlled oscillator circuit in the PLL to run faster than conventional circuits at low supply voltage. This design method is applicable to PLLs with low jitter, high-speed characteristics in environments with high supply noise.
The Good Samaritan: A Type and Shadow of the Plan of Salvation (1999)

Before modernity, Christians read this parable allegorically, with the Samaritan, for example, aptly typifying Christ. Such a reading becomes even stronger when enriched by the full plan of salvation.
Learnable Pooling Methods for Video Classification (2018)

We introduce modifications to state-of-the-art approaches to aggregating local video descriptors by using attention mechanisms and function approximations. Rather than using ensembles of existing architectures, we provide an insight on creating new architectures. We demonstrate our solutions in the "The 2nd YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge", by using frame-level video and audio descriptors. We obtain testing accuracy similar to the state of the art, while meeting budget constraints, and touch upon strategies to improve the state of the art. Model implementations are available in https://github.com/pomonam/LearnablePoolingMethods.
The Safety of Incretin-Based Therapies—Review of the Scientific Evidence (2011)

The available data on incretin action and incidence of cardiovascular events, pancreatitis, or cancer are not yet sufficient or robust enough to permit firm conclusions regarding associations with incretin-based therapies in humans with diabetes. The forthcoming results of long-term cardiovascular safety studies should provide more conclusive information about the safety of GLP-1R agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients.
Divergence of Evolutionary Ways Among Common sym Genes: CASTOR and CCaMK Show Functional Conservation Between Two Symbiosis Systems and Constitute the Root of a Common Signaling Pathway (2008)

In recent years a number of legume genes involved in root nodule (RN) symbiosis have been identified in the model legumes, Lotus japonicus (Lotus) and Medicago truncatula. Among them, a distinct set of genes has been categorized as a common symbiosis pathway (CSP), because they are also essential for another mutual interaction, the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis, which is evolutionarily older than the RN symbiosis and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Based on the concept that the legume RN symbiosis has evolved from the ancient AM symbiosis, one issue is whether the CSP is functionally conserved between non-nodulating plants, such as rice, and nodulating legumes. We identified three rice CSP gene orthologs, OsCASTOR, OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK, and demonstrated the indispensable roles of OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK in rice AM symbiosis. Interestingly, molecular transfection of either OsCASTOR or OsCCaMK could fully complement symbiosis defects in the corresponding Lotus mutant lines for both the AM and RN symbioses. Our results not only provide a conserved genetic basis for the AM symbiosis between rice and Lotus, but also indicate that the core of the CSP has been well conserved during the evolution of RN symbiosis. Through evolution, CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems.
Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. (2011)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important structural component of the outer cell membrane complex of gram negative microorganisms. Its causative role in gram negative bacteria-induced diseases and broad applications in different kinds of cell stimulation experiments provided a conceptual basis for studies directed at the isolation, purification, and detailed chemical characterization of LPS. The main problem with LPS purification protocols is the contamination of the end product with nucleic acids and proteins in variable proportions which could potentially interfere with downstream applications. In this study, a simple procedure for purification of LPS from Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) with high purity and very low contaminating nucleic acids and proteins based on the hot phenol-water extraction protocol has been introduced. The purity of extracted LPS was evaluated by silver and coomassie blue staining of SDS-PAGE gels and HPLC analysis. Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) coagulation activity and rabbit pyrogen assay were exploited to monitor the functionality of purified LPS. The results showed that DNase and RNase treatment of the sample is essential after the sonication step to eliminate nucleic acid contamination in the LPS fraction. Silver staining demonstrated ladder pattern which is characteristic of LPS. No contaminating protein was found as assessed by coomassie blue staining. HPLC fractionation revealed high degree of purity comparable with commercial LPS. Parenteral administration of purified LPS resulted in substantial increase of rabbits' body temperature (mean: 1.45°C). LAL coagulation assay confirmed the functional activity of the purified LPS. In conclusion, the protocol presented here could be employed for isolation of LPS with high purity and functional activity.
Proposal of Simple PAPR Reduction Method for OFDM Signal by Using Dummy Sub-Carriers (2008)

One of the disadvantages of using OFDM is the larger peak to averaged power ratio (PAPR) in its time domain signal as compared with the conventional single carrier modulation method. The larger PAPR signal would course the fatal degradation of bit error rate (BER) performance due to the inter-modulation noise occurring in the non-linear amplifier. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a simple PAPR reduction method by using dummy sub-carriers, which can achieve the better PAPR performance with less computational complexity than the conventional method. This paper presents various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed method as comparing with the conventional method in the non-linear channel.
Identifying and managing patients with acute coronary conditions (2009)

In 2004, the then National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) published a technology-appraisal guideline on the treatment of patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). This article reports the results of a study in which triage and treatment for this patient group in one emergency department (ED) was assessed against this NICE guideline. The study found that patients were triaged by ED staff successfully but that there had been a lack of awareness of prognostic risk groupings and that compliance with guidelines on early antiplatelet therapy had not been ideal. The authors conclude, therefore, that the introduction of an ED pathway for patients with UA or NSTEMI would improve clinicians' compliance with the NICE guideline.
High-resolution genome-wide allelotype analysis identifies loss of chromosome 14q as a recurrent genetic alteration in astrocytic tumours (2002)

Diffusely infiltrative astrocytic tumours are the most common neoplasms in the human brain. To localise putative tumour suppressor loci that are involved in low-grade astrocytomas, we performed high-resolution genome-wide allelotype analysis on 17 fibrillary astrocytomas. Non-random allelic losses were identified on chromosomal arms 10p (29%), 10q (29%), 14q (35%), 17p (53%), and 19q (29%), with their respective common regions of deletions delineated at 10p14-15.1, 10q25.1-qter, 14q212.2-qer, 17p11.2-pter and 19q12-13.4. These results suggest that alterations of these chromosomal regions play important roles in the development of astrocytoma. We also allelotyped 21 de novo glioblastoma multiforme with an aim to unveil genetic changes that are common to both types of astrocytic tumours. Non-random allelic losses were identified on 9p (67%), 10p (62%), 10q (76%), 13q (60%), 14q (50%), and 17p (65%). Allelic losses of 10p, 10q, 14q and 17p were common genetic alterations detectable in both fibrillary astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, two common regions of deletions on chromosome 14 were mapped to 14q22.3-32.1 and 14q32.1-qter, suggesting the presence of two putative tumour suppressor genes. In conclusion, our comprehensive allelotype analysis has unveiled several critical tumour suppressor loci that are involved in the development of fibrillary astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme. Although these two types of brain tumours are believed to evolve from different genetic pathways, they do share some common genetic changes. Our results indicate that deletions of chromosome 14q is a recurrent genetic event in the development of astrocytoma and highlight the subchromosomal regions on this chromosome that are likely to contain putative tumour suppressor genes involved in the oncogenesis of astrocytic tumours.
A method for closed loop automatic tuning of PID controllers (1992)

A simple method for the automatic tuning of PID controllers in closed loop is proposed. A limit cycle is generated through a nonlinear feedback path from the process output to the controller reference signal. The frequency of this oscillation is above the crossover frequency and below the critical frequency of the loop transfer function. The amplitude and frequency of the oscillation are estimated and the control parameters are adjusted iteratively such that the closed loop transfer function from the controller reference to the process output attains a specified amplitude at the oscillation frequency.
A New Species of <i>Trissolcus</i> (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Parasitizing Eggs of <i>Halyomorpha Halys</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in China with Comments on its Biology (2009)

Abstract A new species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang, sp. nov., is described from China. It is a solitary parasitoid in eggs of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an economic pest that causes severe damage to pear, apple and other fruit and that also feeds on the leaves and stems of ornamental and forest trees. The new species is the principal natural enemy of the stink bug, with parasitism rates up to 70% and an average annual rate of 50%. Because of its high parasitism rates and other biological features, it has good potential as a biocontrol agent of the pest. Type specimens are deposited in Insect Museum, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
Implementation of State and Input Observers for Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (2007)

The application of observers on electrical machines is an interesting field for many reasons. It is shown that the quality of time discrete observers is significantly influenced by the choice of reference frame. It is further influenced by order of discretisation and sampling time. An observer in synchronous reference frame is the best choice. Simulation results are supported by laboratory measurements in steady state and during transients.
RTP Payload Format for Global System for Mobile Communications Half Rate (GSM-HR) (2010)

This document specifies the RTP payload format for packetization of
the GSM Half-Rate speech codec.