gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactic Acid Polymers as Constituents of Synthetic Resins and Coatings (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLactic Acid Polymers as Constituents of Synthetic Resins and CoatingsPaul D. WatsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 8, 1393–1397Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50464a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50464a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Real-time manipulation of texture-mapped surfaces (1987)

A system for real-time texture mapping was constructed, Here, "real-time" means that the system reacts to changes in parameter values which define the shape of surfaces and the viewing point that are given by its operator 30 times per second. This real-time processing enables interactive manipulation of texture-mapped free-form surfaces and various application software has been developed taking advantage of this ability. The system owes its performance to a new algorithm for texture mapping which is based on a newly proposed approximation scheme of mapping functions. In this scheme, a mapping function from the texture plane into the output screen is approximated by a linear function on each of the small regions which form the texture plane altogether. The algorithm is very simple and applicable to any smooth surface. It is especially efficient when implemented by a special-purpose hardware.
Innovation and Growth: How Business Contributes to Society. (2010)

Executive Overview Milton Friedman once argued that profits are the chief purpose of business. Profits do matter, but today we know more about how business contributes to society. Good firms bring innovation to the marketplace, which facilitates their growth. Innovative, growing firms generate economic growth and employment, which, in turn, greatly improves people's lives. In this paper I argue that the main goal of business is to develop new and innovative goods and services that generate economic growth while delivering important benefits to society. Steady economic growth generated through innovation plays a major role in producing increases in per capita income. Small changes in economic growth can yield very large differences in income over time, making firm growth particularly salient to societies. In addition to providing growth, innovative firms can supply important goods and services to consumers, particularly those at the base of the pyramid. Through innovation and growth firms can do untold goo...
Product ion scanning using a Q‐q‐Q <sub>linear ion trap</sub> (Q TRAP <sup>TM</sup> ) mass spectrometer (2003)

The use of a Q-q-Q(linear ion trap) instrument to obtain product ion spectra is described. The instrument is based on the ion path of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with Q3 operable as either a conventional RF/DC quadrupole mass filter or a linear ion trap mass spectrometer with axial ion ejection. This unique ion optical arrangement allows de-coupling of precursor ion isolation and fragmentation from the ion trap itself. The result is a high sensitivity tandem mass spectrometer with triple quadrupole fragmentation patterns and no inherent low mass cut-off. The use of the entrance RF-only section of the instrument as accumulation ion trap while the linear ion trap mass spectrometer is scanning enhances duty cycles and results in increased sensitivities by as much as a factor of 20. The instrument is also capable of all of the triple quadrupole scans including multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) as well as precursor and constant neutral loss scanning. The high product ion scanning sensitivity allows the recording of useful product ion spectra near the MRM limit of quantitation.
Die Reduktion von CBr<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> durch Blei - ein neuartiger Weg zum Difluorcarben / The Reduction of CBr<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> by Lead -a Novel Pathway to Difluorocarbene (1981)

Abstract CBr 2 F 2 (1) is reduced by lead metal even at room temperature with intermediate formation of :CF 2 . At 40 to 60 °C this reaction is rapid and nearly quantitative. Electron-rich olefins allow the trapping of difluorocarbene in the form of the corresponding 1,1-difluorocyclopropanes in up to 90% yield. In dichloromethane, dichloroethane or aceto-nitrile the reduction proceeds only in the presence of molar amounts of complexing anions like bromide or chloride. Tetrabutylammonium salts proved to be advantageous. The reduction does not proceed via carbanions, since the corresponding protonated products are not observed, even in the presence of good proton donors. Electrochemical investigations of the reduction of 1 at Ni-, Pt-, Sn-and Pb-electrodes support the suggested mechanism.
High-efficiency and high-contrast phosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with p-type Si anodes (2007)

We report high-efficiency and high-contrast phosphorescent topemitting organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by employing the low reflectance p-type Si bottom anodes and the high transmittance Cs(2)CO(3)/Ag top cathodes for effective hole and electron injection. With the green electrophosphorescent material fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)(3)] doped emitting layer, the devices exhibit peak external quantum and power efficiencies of 3.5% (12 cd/A) and 4.5 lm/W, which are the highest values reported for OLEDs using Si wafers as electrodes. Moreover, these devices exhibit significantly higher contrast compared to the conventional bottom-emitting and top-emitting OLEDs with the highly reflective back electrodes.
Surgical Critical Care (2005)

A. J. Brooks, B. Riley, K. Girling and B. J. Rowlands Hodder Arnold Publishing , 2005 , ISBN 0340 80967 1 , Price: £29.99, 288 pp. An ICU job can often feel quite intimidating. In addition to the bewildering array of equipment often obscuring one's view of a patient, a whole battery of new pathology and terminology that trainees may not have come across before must be mastered. Most recommended reading is restricted to small chapters in textbooks of the parent speciality or large volume texts, which may just add to the fear. Surgical Critical Care bridges the gap between rudimentary knowledge and daunting textbooks. It is neatly divided into short chapters covering the fundamentals of critical care, ranging from ethics, epidemiology and scoring systems to the pathophysiology of organ failure and the theory behind organ support. Current practice is backed up by critiques of recent papers as well as highlighting areas of debate and ongoing research. The concise nature of each chapter is not detrimental to the clarity of the explanation, even with potentially confusing topics such as cytokines and sepsis. The book claims to be aimed at senior trainees. Given the depth of knowledge required for advanced Intensive Care training, for example, it falls short of this mark, where intensive care textbooks remain the standard. There is very little on haematology in critical care (perhaps there is not much to say?) and the chapter on analgesia strangely misses out anything on sedation, which I would have thought go hand-in-hand in critical care. A short chapter on common postoperative problems in ICU (including cardiac surgery) would also be welcome and although each chapter does give a summary, some chapters do it better than others; perhaps finishing on ‘Key Points’ may help the reader quickly recap on the chapter. In essence, this affordable book will undoubtedly help those trainees who are new to the critical care environment, such as preregistration or senior house officers coming to intensive care from other specialities, as well as providing core knowledge when revising for exams. The suggested viva questions at the beginning of each chapter may help practice examinations both by candidates and examiners. However, for more senior trainees interested in a career in ICU, the more established texts remain the standard.
A Biomimetic Strategy to Access the Silybins: Total Synthesis of (−)-Isosilybin A (2014)

We report the first asymmetric, total synthesis of (-)-isosilybin A. A late-stage catalytic biomimetic cyclization of a highly functionalized chalcone is employed to form the characteristic benzopyranone ring. A robust and flexible approach to this chalcone provides an entry to the preparation of the entire isomeric family of silybin natural products.
A clinically relevant, syngeneic model of spontaneous, highly metastatic B16 mouse melanoma. (2010)

We report a syngeneic model of spontaneous metastatic B16-F10 mouse melanoma in C57/BL6 mice with a very high metastatic frequency that mimics clinical metastatic melanoma. The B16 melanoma cells were injected between the skin and cartilage on the dorsal side of the ear. The model generated lymphatic and visceral metastases in all of the tested animals. In mice with large primary tumors, tumor weight correlated with the tumor growth time and also with the number of metastases in lymph nodes and organs. The dorsal ear space between the skin and cartilage enables both lymphatic and hematogenous metastatic spread. The model should be useful to study the mechanism of melanoma metastasis and to develop therapy for this currently untreatable disease.
Tioxazafen: A New Broad-Spectrum Seed Treatment Nematicide (2015)

Tioxazafen is Monsanto’s new seed treatment nematicide designed to provide consistent broad-spectrum control of nematodes in corn, soy, and cotton. This new compound exhibits excellent activity against soybean cyst, root knot, and reniform nematodes in soy; lesion, root knot, and needle nematodes in corn; as well as reniform and root knot nematodes in cotton. Tioxazafen is a disubstituted oxadiazole, which represents a new class of nematicidal chemistry demonstrating equal or better performance in greenhouse and field trial evaluations when compared with commercial treatments. This mini-review will cover the discovery process of tioxazafen and its control of nematodes infesting major row crops.
Reducing Stomatal Density in Barley Improves Drought Tolerance without Impacting on Yield (2017)

The epidermal patterning factor (EPF) family of secreted signaling peptides regulate the frequency of stomatal development in model dicot and basal land plant species. Here, we identify and manipulate the expression of a barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) ortholog and demonstrate that when overexpressed HvEPF1 limits entry to, and progression through, the stomatal development pathway. Despite substantial reductions in leaf gas exchange, barley plants with significantly reduced stomatal density show no reductions in grain yield. In addition, HvEPF1OE barley lines exhibit significantly enhanced water use efficiency, drought tolerance, and soil water conservation properties. Our results demonstrate the potential of manipulating stomatal frequency for the protection and optimization of cereal crop yields under future drier environments.
Pulse Tube Refrigeration–A New Type of Cryocooler (1987)

A variation of the Stirling cryocooler, known as a pulse tube refrigerator, requires only one moving part - a pressure wave generator at room temperature. The Stirling cryocooler requires in addition a moving displacer at low temperatures to cause a phase shift between pressure and mass flow rate that leads to a refrigeration effect. This paper generalizes the Stirling cycle and shows how instantaneous heat transfer or flow through an orifice can cause a similar phase shift without a moving displacer. Temperatures as low as 60 K have been achieved in a one-stage device where an orifice is used for the phase shifting. The heat transfer mechanism for phase shifting does not yield as low a temperature, but it is semireversible and was used by Wheatley to convert heat energy to acoustic energy, which in turn drove a thermoacoustic refrigerator with no moving parts. This paper compares various pulse tube refrigerators and the Stirling refrigerator using a newly developed enthalpy flow model. Some generalizations of these concepts to systems other than gas systems are made.
Fast Convolution Operations on Many-Core Architectures (2015)

Convolution operations have been widely used in many important application domains, such as deep learning and computer vision, in which convolution is always the most time-consuming part. High computational throughput and memory bandwidth make many-core architectures the promising targets to accelerate these applications. In this paper, we implement and optimize different convolution operations, including 1D convolution, 2D convolution and multi-channel 2D convolution executed in mini-batch mode, on both GPU and Intel MIC many-core architectures. We find out that the performance bottleneck of 1D and 2D convolutions is on registers rather than local memory or L1/L2 cache, and therefore, register tiling is used to improve the performance. In addition, we present a novel solution for multi-channel 2D convolution, in which convolution is conducted on images directly instead of being translated to matrix multiplication, and the data reuse of the algorithm is fully exploited. We further summarize the parameters of autotuning for multichannel 2D convolution and prune the search space based on heuristics. The experimental results show that, for the large filter size, our solution gets up to 33% performance improvement over cuDNN-v2 and up to 28% over clBLASbased implementation, on GTX TITAN and AMD W8000 respectively. On Intel MIC, our solution gets up to 25% of the theoretical peak performance.
Aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection (1993)

Aerosol vaccination is used effectively to immunize poultry against Newcastle disease, but to the authors' knowledge, this vaccination procedure is not well studied in other species. The efficacy of IM and aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was evaluated. Twenty-one pigs from a Mycoplasma-free herd were randomly allotted by litter and body weight into 3 groups. One group was given aerosolized phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) by inhalation. The second group (AERO) was given aerosolized M hyopneumoniae vaccine by inhalation. The third group (IM) was given the same vaccine by IM injection. Vaccination by IM administration was repeated once, and aerosol vaccination was repeated twice at 2-week intervals. Two weeks after the last vaccination, all pigs were intratracheally challenge-exposed with 3 ml of broth culture containing 10(7) color-changing units (CCU) of a low-passage strain of virulent M hyopneumoniae. Pigs were observed daily for coughing. Four weeks after challenge exposure, all pigs were necropsied. Percentage of lung affected by gross pneumonia was measured, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted, and quantitative culture for mycoplasmas was performed on lung sections. Additionally, M hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies were measured in prevaccination, postvaccination, and postchallenge-exposure serum and BALF by use of indirect ELISA. Mean prevalence of persistent coughing in pigs of the AERO group (4.6 d/pig) was not different from that in pigs of the PBSS group (3.7 d/pig). Prevalence of coughing in IM vaccinated pigs (1.0 d/pig) was lower (P < 0.05) than that in pigs of the PBSS group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rare de novo deletion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (<i>GRM7</i>) gene in a patient with autism spectrum disorder (2015)

GRM7, the gene encoding metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7), have been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and shown to mediate excitatory synaptic neurotransmitter signaling and plasticity in the mammalian brain. Here we report a 303 kb de novo deletion at band 3p26.1, disrupting five coding exons of GRM7 in a proband with autism spectrum disorder, and hyperactivity. Our exon transcriptome-mutation contingency index method shows that three of the exons within the breakpoint boundaries are under purifying selection and highly expressed in prenatal brain regions. Based on our results and a thorough review of the literature, we propose that haploinsufficiency of the GRM7 product (mGluR7) contributes to autism spectrum disorders and hyperactivity phenotype as seen in the patient described here.
Developing holey fibres for evanescent field devices (1999)

The overlap of the optical mode in a holey fibre with the air holes is calculated for the first time. This is achieved using a vector modal decomposition approach. It is shown that a significant fraction of the modal power can be made to overlap with the holes, which suggests that these unusual fibres may be useful as evanescent field devices.
Threat mediation via a real-time stereoscopic catadioptric omnivision system (2006)

The authors have invented and are developing a new Real-Time Stereoscopic Catadioptric Omni-Detection (RSCO) 
system based on a high-resolution stereoscopic vision system, an acoustic array with high-fidelity/sensitivity, real-time 
image processing hardware based on evolutionary stream processing hardware architecture based on the processors (SPs) with unprecedented digital signal processing 
(DSP) performance, and proprietary unwrapping and operating software. The RSCO development involves optimizing 
(1) the omnidirectional multimodal (visible/MWIR) sensor system configuration and mechanical hardening to survive 
harsh conditions and to minimize maintenance; (2) a video/image 
ultrahigh-performance SPs, (3) an acoustic array with high-performance DSP technology; and (4) real-time unwrapping 
and operating software. SPs form a new class of image processors scalable to teraOPS, with efficiency comparable to 
ASICs, and completely programmable in high-level languages. SPs innovatively combine a new programming model, 
tool automation, and hardware to exploit the high data parallelism and processing locality that are inherent in a wide 
range of applications, especially media processing. The excellent performance, efficiency, and programmability of SPs 
make them ideal for implementation of the RSCO system, with its unprecedented omnidirectional, multiple-modality 
sensors, range, accuracy, size, and robustness.
Synthesis of tetranuclear and pentanuclear vanadium-oxide-carboxylate aggregates (1989)

Treatment of VOCl42– with tca–(tca–= thiophene-2-carboxylate) under aerobic conditions leads to formation of [V5O9Cl(tca)4]2–, whereas if AgNO3 is also present, the product is [V4O8(NO3)(tca)4]2–; the two anions have been isolated as NR4+ salts and their unusual structures elucidated by crystallographic methods.
On the Edge-Expansion of Graphs (1997)

It is shown that if n > n 0 ( d ) then any d -regular graph G =( V , E ) on n vertices contains a set of u =[lfloor ] n /2[rfloor ] vertices which is joined by at most ( d /2− c √ d ) u edges to the rest of the graph, where c >0 is some absolute constant. This is tight, up to the value of c .
Novel Piston Motion Opto-Mechanical Sensor for Nanoscale Motion Detection (2005)

To increase the sensitivity of a micromechanical structure to temperature (in thermal sensing) and surface stress (in biochemical sensing) change, a novel Flip-Over-Bimorph (FOB) structure has been proposed. For detecting physically induced nanoscale motion, the operation of a piston motion optomechanical sensor using the FOB design has been demonstrated. The piston motion opto-mechanical sensor has a symmetric structure such that the structural deflection is converted into a linear displacement of a reflecting surface, which is used for optical interferometry. Through the optical measurement setup using the He-Ne laser and CCD, light intensity changes for chip temperature changes are measured, and the thermo-mechanical sensitivity of the designed sensor is 180 nm/K.
Abstract 5335: The antigen target of IMGN901, CD56, is expressed at significant levels in merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) (2010)

Abstract Background: IMGN901 consists of a CD56-binding monoclonal antibody, huN901, with a maytansinoid agent, DM1, attached via a stable disulfide linker, SPP. The CD56 antigen, also known as neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is present in a number of malignancies including Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), small cell lung carcinoma and other neuroendocrine tumors, ovarian cancers and multiple myeloma. Once bound to CD56, IMGN901 is internalized into a cancer cell and its DM1 is released to cause cell death via inhibition of tubulin polymerization. IMGN901 is currently in Phase I testing for the treatment of CD56-positive multiple myeloma and CD56-positive solid tumors. Six patients with MCC have received IMGN901, used as a single agent, in one of the Phase I trials underway. Clinical benefit was observed in 3 of these 6 patients: one complete response (CR), one partial response (PR) and one stable disease (SD). Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the potential utility of IMGN901 as a treatment for MCC by identifying the range of CD56 antigen expression levels in MCC. Methods: A calibrated immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method for CD56 was developed. CD56 staining conditions were established where 4 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) MCC samples showed differential staining. FFPE cell pellet controls prepared from human tumor cell lines were next identified which showed CD56 staining in the same range as the MCC samples. The CD56 antigen level for each tumor cell line was subsequently quantified by flow cytometry. The calibrated IHC staining method was then applied to positive cell pellet controls and an extended panel of MCC tissues. For each resulting tissue section, the extent and intensity of immunostaining was evaluated and the CD56 expression level was estimated by comparing to the cell pellet controls. Results: The majority of samples from the MCC panel exhibited heterogeneous or homogeneous staining with significant levels of CD56 expression. Tissues from primary biopsy sites and from metastases showed comparable levels of CD56 expression. To date, biopsy samples have been acquired from 3 of the 6 MCC patients who have received IMGN901 (two IMGN901 non-responders and one responder) and these all showed high and homogeneous levels of CD56 expression. Conclusion: This IHC study indicates that the majority of MCC patient tissues express significant levels of CD56, supporting the development of the CD56-targeting compound, IMGN901, for this indication. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5335.
MEMS packaging on a budget (fiscal and thermal) (2003)

MEMS packaging poses novel constraints as compared to conventional IC packaging, and accounts for up to 80% of the cost of the device. A new type of package is proposed, addressing the problems of hermeticity and die singulation, as well as an alternative means of MEMS-IC integration. An organic-free, metal-to-metal bond process enables hermetic sealing at low temperatures. The package has been demonstrated with inertial, resonant, and RF MEMS.