gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral rel and cellular rel associate with cellular proteins in transformed and normal cells. (1989)

The rel oncogene from the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T is a 59 kd phosphoprotein localized primarily to the cytoplasm of transformed cells. Recently, the v-rel protein was shown to associate with several cellular proteins with molecular weights of 124 kd, 115 kd, and 36 kd. We have analysed the subcellular distribution of v-rel protein complexes after biochemical fractionation of [35S]methionine and [32P]orthophosphate labeled cells. Our results demonstrate that the v-rel protein coprecipitates with a characteristic set of proteins, some of which are distinct to nuclear or cytoplasmic fractions. We also demonstrate that the normal cellular homolog of the viral rel protein, c-rel, coprecipitates with several cellular proteins from normal chick hematopoietic tissue. These cellular proteins have apparent molecular weights similar to those which are coprecipitated with v-rel from cytoplasmic fractions. Our results demonstrate that both v-rel and c-rel interact with a variety of cellular proteins and suggest that this association is important for the function or regulation of the rel protein.
REFERENCE VALUE DEVELOPED FOR MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF STORAGE CAVERNS (1996)

A reference value to verify the mechanical integrity of salt-cavern wells used in hydrocarbon storage has been developed. Salt caverns play important roles in large-scale storage of hydrocarbon gases and liquids. Required for safe and economical operation of these storage caverns is verification of the external mechanical integrity of the access (injection and withdrawal) wells. This study had the following goals: Provision of an overview of current practice; and Development of a reference for external well mechanical-integrity testing with respect to performance, data evaluation, and assessment. The storage cavern operators expected to gain the following: Comparability between method and assessments; Aid in influencing the movement towards standardization by regulators; and A firm technical base for use in litigation between the operator and other parties.
Production and Characterization of Briquette Charcoal by Carbonization of Agro-Waste (2014)

A new kind of polymeric material (PNIPAAm-co-SA) was prepared by conjugating a thermosensitive polymer, Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with streptavidin (SA). This smart prepared composite displayed a controllable conformation change between an expanded and a collapsed form, below or above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated that the PNIPAAm-co-SA bioconjugate showed the same LCST as the original synthetic polymer, PNIPAAm, which was also 32°C. Based on the specific interaction between SA and biotin, a higher capture efficiency of PNIPAAm-co-SA, which was almost 100% in PBS buffer solution and above 70% in serum was obtained, respectively. And the high affinity between PNIPAAm-co-SA and biotin was still maintained after three heating cycles. Subsequently, the variola virus (small pox, VV) oligonucleotide sequence was chosen as a model to demonstrate the sensitivity of the biosensor which was fabricated based on PNIPAAm-co-SA. The biosensor exhibited the ability to separate and enrich targets from complicated system with its phase transition ability, and high sensitivity toward VV-targets were achieved. Moreover, other types of targets such as proteins and cells, could be detected by changing the biotin-captures, which indicated the broad applicability of biosensors based on this smart polymer material.
Signaling through CD80: an approach for treating lymphomas (2008)

This study shows that anti-CD80 immunotherapy may have a potent role in treating CD80-bearing cancer cells.
Nonvolatile memory organic field effect transistor induced by the steric hindrance effects of organic molecules (2010)

We report a nonvolatile memory organic field effect transistor (OFET) using ambipolar organic molecules as nano-interfaced semiconductor materials. Newly synthesized push-pull organic molecules (PPOMs) containing triarylamine as an electron donating group, thiophene as a spacer, and malononitrile as an electron withdrawing group are proposed. The tilted PPOMs with side chains could control the charge trapping of the conducting channel formed between pentacene and PPOMs. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to estimate the dihedral angle at the neutral and electron charged anion molecules and to explain the charging effects for the memory OFET performance (write-read-erase-read cycles). The charge mobilities of OFETs comprising the nano-interfaced PPOMs were affected by the dihedral angles derived from the steric hindrance of the bulky side chain of the spacer. The memory OTFT with higher dihedral angle material exhibited a wider memory window as well as reduced current flow. The memory OFET devices showed a memory window of −40 to +40 V, a memory ratio of 100 for “ON” to “OFF” currents, and long retention time for the nonvolatile memory.
A tool to coordinate tools (1988)

An expert-system planner is presented to automate the clerical and routine activities associated with software development using present-day environments such as Unix. The three functions of such a planner-coordination of tools, integration of tools, and representation of objects-are examined. The planner is described from both the user's and the designer's viewpoint. The functionality provided by this planner is compared with that provided by standard environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signal subspace change detection in averaged multilook SAR imagery (2005)

This paper addresses change detection in averaged multilook synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Averaged multilook SAR images are preferable to full-aperture SAR reconstructions when the imaging algorithm is approximation-based (e.g., polar format processing) or when motion data are not accurate over a long full aperture. We examine the application of a SAR change-detection method, known as signal subspace processing, which is based on the principles of two-dimensional adaptive filtering, and we use it to recognize the addition of surface landmines to a particular area under surveillance. We describe the change-detection problem as a trinary hypothesis testing problem, and define a change signal and its normalized version to determine whether: 1) there is no change in the imaged scene; 2) a target has entered the imaged scene; or 3) a target has exited the imaged scene. A statistical analysis of the error signal is provided to show its properties and merits. Results are presented for averaged noncoherent multilook and coherent single-look X-band SAR imagery.
Secure MISO wiretap channels with multi-antenna passive eavesdropper via artificial fast fading (2014)

We investigate the physical layer security of a multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel in the presence of a multi-antenna passive eavesdropper. Traditionally, artificial noise (AN) scheme is an efficient security strategy without the channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose and analyze an efficient security scheme called the artificial fast fading (AFF) scheme. The basic idea is to randomly weight the information symbols at different transmit antennas in a special manner so that the channel of the intended receiver is an AWGN channel while that of the eavesdropper is a fast fading channel. This prevents the eavesdropper obtaining the CSI using the blind channel estimation techniques so that it can only detect the information symbols in a non-coherent way, which greatly reduces the amount of information intercepted. More importantly, we derive the achievable secrecy rate of the sheme and provide a low bound of it, which can be numerically calculated. Compared with the exact secrecy rate of the AN scheme, even the low bound of the AFF scheme is larger, when the eavesdropper has more antennas than the transmitter.
Complementary construction of ideal nonimaging concentrators and its applications (1996)

A construction principle for ideal nonimaging concentrators based on the complementary edge rays outside the nominal field of view is presented, with illustrations for the trumpet, compound parabolic concentrator, and compound hyperbolic concentrator. A simple string construction for the trumpet concentrator is shown to follow from this observation-the trumpet having been the one ideal concentrator for which no string-construction method had previously been noted. An application of these observations for solar concentrator design when nonisothermal receivers are advantageous is also presented.
A Multiplier Structure Based on a Novel Real-time CSD Recoding (2007)

Implementation of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms in hardware, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), requires a large number of multiplications. In this paper, we introduce a novel multiplier structure that converts from 2's complement to canonical signed digit (CSD) representation in real time. The proposed algorithm increases the number of zero partial products (which can be simplified by shift operations) to approximately 66.7% compared with 50% for modified Booth's recoding. Also, the proposed hardware structure reduces the non-zero partial products to a minimum, and consequently the number of arithmetic operations in the carry-save structure is reduced. So, our proposed hardware decreases both the time required for multiplication and the power consumption of the multiplier. Furthermore, because the proposed structure uses real time CSD recoding, and does not require a fixed value for the multiplier input to be known a priori, the proposed multiplier can be used to implement digital filters with non-fixed filter coefficients, such as adaptive filters.
Physical modelling of the arterial wall. Part 2: Simulation of the non-linear elasticity of the arterial wall (1987)

In part 1 it was established that the elasticity of tubes made from natural rubber is, at low pressures, close to that of the arterial wall; in this part a method is described for reinforcing the walls of rubber tubes so that they may be used for simulating arterial elasticity at higher pressures. The technique is versatile in that, within reasonable limits, wall non-linearity can be modified; tubes with non-linear wall elasticity were produced and tested. A modification of the method enabled us to produce geometrically non-uniform rubber tubes which may be useful in the construction of physical models of the arterial system.
A Bipolar MMIC Frequency Tripler (2008)

A concept for an MMIC frequency tripler using SiGe HBT’s is proposed and verified in this paper. The main circuit of this tripler consists of a differential-pair frequency doubler followed by a single-balanced mixer that multiplies the doubler output with the fundamental frequency input to generate the triple-frequency output. The single-balanced mixer is an emitter-coupled differential pair and because its output is taken differentially by a differential output stage, the even harmonics are highly suppressed. An on-chip LC notch filter is further introduced in the output stage to suppress the fundamental, leaving the triple frequency dominating the output. The designed tripler can convert a 3-GHz input signal to a 9-GHz signal, with high suppressions of 28 dB, 22 dB, and 30 dB on the fundamental, the second, and 4th harmonics respectively.
Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis B With Recombinant Human Alpha and Gamma Interferon (1990)

Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B entered a pilot study of gamma interferon and alpha interferon in combination. Gamma interferon alone had minimal inhibitory effects on serum levels of hepatitis B virus as monitored by serum HBV DNA and DNA-polymerase activity. The drug also gave troublesome side effects. In contrast, alpha interferon had more potent inhibitory effects on serum HBV levels and fewer side effects. When combined, the two interferons showed no additive or synergistic effects in inhibiting serum levels of HBV DNA or DNA polymerase. These findings indicate that the addition of gamma interferon to alpha interferon provides no additional antiviral effects but contributes significantly to side effects.
Chemical synthesis gets a fillip from molecular recognition and self-assembly processes (2002)

By drawing on nature conceptually, the practice of chemical synthesis can now be broadened in scope to include the supramolecular synthesis of supermolecules and their postassembly covalent modification to form mechanically interlocked molecules, which the chemist can use to build functioning nanosystems after the style of those found in the living world.
Pilot decontamination through compressive wideband channel estimation (2016)

We consider a multi-cell massive MIMO system in which every base station is equipped with an array with M ≫ 1 antennas and serves a collection of users inside its cell. We study a scenario in which the base station and the users use OFDM signaling, and the channel state information (CSI) is estimated under time division duplexing (TDD) via orthogonal pilots transmitted from the users in the uplink and is used under reciprocity assumption to precode the data to the users in the downlink. It has been observed that in the limit of very large number of antennas M at each base station, the only factor limiting the achievable throughput of the system is pilot contamination. Pilot contamination occurs because the same set of orthogonal pilots are reused in adjacent cells and as a result the estimate of the channel state obtained at the base station in a specific cell becomes polluted by the simultaneous pilot transmission of the users from the other cells. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity algorithm that uses the received wideband pilot snapshots of a user inside an observation window containing several coherence blocks to obtain an estimate of the angle-delay power spread function (PSF) of its contaminated channel vectors. Since the copilot users can generally be distinguished in the delay domain due to their longer delays, the estimated PSF can be decomposed into two parts: 1) the signal part corresponding to the PSF of the channel vectors of the user inside the cell and 2) the interference part corresponding to the that of copilot users. We use this decomposition to obtain an estimate of the covariance matrix of the user channel vector, which we exploit to decontaminate the received pilot signal in the next coherence blocks. We use numerical simulations to assess the performance of our proposed PSF estimation and pilot-decontamination algorithm.
A comparison of cathepsin D levels in endometriotic tissue and in uterine endometrium. (1996)

The level of the proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D is significantly higher in endometriotic tissue than in endometrium, which might be of importance for implantation and the invasive growth of endometriotic tissue.
Shear Capacity Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams (2006)

In tall buildings, reinforced concrete coupled shear-wall structures are commonly used to provide the resistance of lateral loading caused by wind and earthquake. Coupling beams connect shear walls along the height of the building and are normally subjected to very high bending and shear stresses. Shear strength of conventional reinforced concrete beams depends mainly on the cross-sectional dimensions rather than on the amount of steel reinforcement and is therefore limited by architectural design. The use of reinforced steel-fibre-concrete in coupling beams is considered as a practical, yet innovative, solution to the problem of insufficient shear strength. The steel fibres in concrete can substantially improve shear behaviour of concrete beams. This paper presents the results of tests on large-scale steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) coupling beams with span-to-depth ratios of 1, 1.5 and 2 under monotonic loading. Emphasis of the experiment is placed on the shear behaviour and shear strength of the tested beams. It has been shown from the tests that the shear capacity of SFRC coupling beams is much higher than that of conventional reinforced concrete ones.
Statistical evaluation of image quality measures (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Analytical calculation of electrostatic beam blanker performance (1987)

The performance of a charged particle beam blanker in a high resolution lithography system is determined primarily by spurious deflection during beam switching. To achieve an optimum blanker design, therefore, it is necessary to calculate spurious deflection as a function of the design parameters. The spurious deflection of a beam blanker which is composed of two pairs of blanking plates centred about a knife edge is evaluated using analytical methods. The results derived from these analytical methods explain all the important characteristics of such a beam blanker. Despite the rough approximations, the analytical results agree well with more accurate numerical calculations.
Phenylphosphoric Acid as a New Additive to Inhibit Olefin Isomerisation in Ruthenium‐Catalysed Metathesis Reactions (2006)

Abstract A systematic study of the ruthenium‐catalysed metathesis of alkenes containing hydrogen‐bonding substituents (namely urea and thiourea groups) is presented. Under standard metathesis conditions, several of the substrates under study undergo alkene isomerisation instead of the targeted metathesis. However, in the course of these investigations it has been established that this unwanted isomerisation process can be suppressed by addition of phenylphosphoric acid to the reaction mixture. Some other potential isomerisation inhibitors (e.g. benzoic acid and salts of phosphoric acid) have been studied and their performance compared to that of phenylphosphoric acid. To extend the scope of phenylphosphoric acid, we also studied the metathesis of 1,3‐diallylurea. Interestingly, not only did we observe the complete suppression of the isomerisation process, but also that it is possible to obtain instead of the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) product,ADMET oligomers resulting from the cross‐metathesis of diallylurea at higher concentrations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Label Space Reduction in MPLS Networks: How Much Can A Single Stacked Label Do? (2008)

Most network operators have considered reducing LSR label spaces (number of labels used) as a way of simplifying management of underlaying virtual private networks (VPNs) and therefore reducing operational expenditure (OPEX). The IETF outlined the label merging feature in MPLS-allowing the configuration of multipoint-to-point connections (MP2P)-as a means of reducing label space in LSRs. We found two main drawbacks in this label space reduction scheme: <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> ) it should be separately applied to a set of LSPs with the same egress LSR-which decreases the options for better reductions, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</i> ) LSRs close to the edge of the network experience a greater label space reduction than those close to the core. The later implies that MP2P connections reduce the number of labels asymmetrically.
Deep Structured Scene Parsing by Learning with Image Descriptions (2016)

This paper addresses a fundamental problem of scene understanding: How to parse the scene image into a structured configuration (i.e., a semantic object hierarchy with object interaction relations) that finely accords with human perception. We propose a deep architecture consisting of two networks: i) a convolutional neural network (CNN) extracting the image representation for pixelwise object labeling and ii) a recursive neural network (RNN) discovering the hierarchical object structure and the inter-object relations. Rather than relying on elaborative user annotations (e.g., manually labeling semantic maps and relations), we train our deep model in a weakly-supervised manner by leveraging the descriptive sentences of the training images. Specifically, we decompose each sentence into a semantic tree consisting of nouns and verb phrases, and facilitate these trees discovering the configurations of the training images. Once these scene configurations are determined, then the parameters of both the CNN and RNN are updated accordingly by back propagation. The entire model training is accomplished through an Expectation-Maximization method. Extensive experiments suggest that our model is capable of producing meaningful and structured scene configurations and achieving more favorable scene labeling performance on PASCAL VOC 2012 over other state-of-the-art weakly-supervised methods.
Rivastigmine-loaded<i>in situ</i>gelling nanostructured lipid carriers for nose to brain delivery (2014)

In the current research work, rivastigmine (RV)-loaded in situ gelling nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed for nose to brain delivery. NLCs were fabricated by ethanol injection method using glyceryl monosterate, Capmul MCM C8, Lecithin and Tween 80. NLCs showed average particle size of 123.2 ± 2.3 nm with entrapment efficiency of 68.34 ± 3.4%. DSC, XRD and IR studies showed complete amorphization and incorporation of the drug into nanoparticles. NLCs were incorporated into an in situ gelling system using 0.8% gellan gum and 15% Lutrol F 127. RV in situ gel showed excellent elasticity, rheology, mucoadhesion and adhesiveness to facilitate its adhesion to the upper nasal mucosa. NLC-based in situ gel showed a 2-fold increase in nasal permeation of the drug over plain RV solution. In situ gelling NLCs showed a 3-fold increase in enzyme inhibition efficacy.
Effective combination therapies in preclinical endocrine resistant breast cancer models harboring ER mutations (2016)

Although endocrine therapy is successfully used to treat patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, a substantial proportion of this population will relapse. Several mechanisms of acquired resistance have been described including activation of the mTOR pathway, increased activity of CDK4 and activating mutations in ER. Using a patient derived xenograft model harboring a common activating ER ligand binding domain mutation (D538G), we evaluated several combinatorial strategies using the selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestrant in combination with chromatin modifying agents, and CDK4/6 and mTOR inhibitors. In this model, fulvestrant binds WT and MT ER, reduces ER protein levels, and downregulated ER target gene expression. Addition of JQ1 or vorinostat to fulvestrant resulted in tumor regression (41% and 22% regression, respectively) though no efficacy was seen when either agent was given alone. Interestingly, although the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and mTOR inhibitor everolimus were efficacious as monotherapies, long-term delayed tumor growth was only observed when co-administered with fulvestrant. This observation was consistent with a greater inhibition of compensatory signaling when palbociclib and everolimus were co-dosed with fulvestrant. The addition of fulvestrant to JQ1, vorinostat, everolimus and palbociclib also significantly reduced lung metastatic burden as compared to monotherapy. The combination potential of fulvestrant with palbociclib or everolimus were confirmed in an MCF7 CRISPR model harboring the Y537S ER activating mutation. Taken together, these data suggest that fulvestrant may have an important role in the treatment of ER positive breast cancer with acquired ER mutations.