gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Nature's Own Cardiac Defense Mechanism with Acadesine, an Adenosine Regulating Agent: Importance of the Endothelium (1994)

Although the effects of adenosine on the heart, including the clinical suppression of cardiac arrhythmias, have been recognized for more than half a century, it is only in the last decade that the therapeutic potential of adenosine has been recognized. Research related to the clinical application of adenosine has concentrated on two areas. The first came directly from early observations about the use of adenosine in treating cardiac arrhythmias, in particular supraventricular tachycardias. The second relates to the use of adenosine to protect the heart from the deleterious consequences of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. This review will focus on the latter cardioprotective properties of adenosine, particularly those shown by a novel group of drugs termed adenosine regulating agents, the prototype of which is acadesine (Protara).
Three-dimensional cellular spheroid formation provides human prostate tumor cells with tissue-like features. (2007)

Spheroid formation from human prostate tumor cells exhibits tissue-like features.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) demonstrated in the immature glands of mediastinal teratocarcinoma. A case report (1982)

A 21-year-old man with mediastinal teratocarcinoma showed high levels of serum tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). After modified VAC chemotherapy (vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide), AFP and HCG levels in the serum were reduced significantly, while serum CEA increased gradually to the level of 6.5 ng/ml. Histopathologic study of the tumor obtained by surgical resection and autopsy revealed teratocarcinoma (a combination of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma). By the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the antigens AFP, HCG, and CEA were stained in the immature glandular tissues of teratoma. By serial section of the tumor, the antigens tested were found in the same gland of the tumor. In addition, the tumor contained high levels of AFP (17353.8 ng/g.wt.), beta-HCG (beta-HCG) (125.05 ng/g.wt.), and CEA (11.37 ng/g.wt.).
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Chimeric Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 and Anti-Shiga Toxin 2 Monoclonal Antibodies in Healthy Volunteers (2009)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The rates of STEC infection and complications, including death, are highest among young children and elderly individuals. There are no causal therapies. Because Stx is the primary pathological agent leading to organ injury in patients with STEC disease, therapeutic antibodies are being developed to neutralize systemically absorbed toxin during the early phase of the infection. Two phase I, single-dose, open-label, nonrandomized studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of the chimeric monoclonal antibodies (antitoxins) against Stx 1 and 2 (calphaStx1 and calphaStx2, respectively). In the first study, 16 volunteers received 1 or 3 mg/kg of body weight of calphaStx1 or calphaStx2 as a single, short (1-h) intravenous infusion (n = 4 per group). In a second study, 10 volunteers received a 1-h infusion of calphaStx1 and calphaStx2 combined at 1 or 3 mg/kg (n = 5 per group). Treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, resolved spontaneously, and were generally unrelated to the antibody infusion. No serious adverse events were observed. Human antichimeric antibodies were detected in a single blood sample collected on day 57. Antibody clearance was slightly greater for calphaStx1 (0.38 +/- 0.16 ml/h/kg [mean +/- standard deviation]) than for calphaStx2 (0.20 +/- 0.07 ml/h/kg) (P = 0.0013, t test). The low clearance is consistent with the long elimination half-lives of calphaStx1 (190.4 +/- 140.2 h) and calphaStx2 (260.6 +/- 112.4 h; P = 0.151). The small volume of distribution (0.08 +/- 0.05 liter/kg, combined data) indicates that the antibodies are retained within the circulation. The conclusion is that calphaStx1 and calphaStx2, given as individual or combined short intravenous infusions, are well tolerated. These results form the basis for future safety and efficacy trials with patients with STEC infections to ameliorate or prevent HUS and other complications.
A ceramic microsparging aeration system for cell culture reactors (2005)

Abstract The supply of oxygen in the cultivation of animal cells in bioreactors still poses a problem. Firstly animal cells must be supplied with the sufficient amount of oxygen, which in turn necessitates the maximum possible oxygen transfer into the liquid phase. Secondly animal cells are very shear stress sensitive. Three different procedures are used as standard in the aeration of cell culture reactors, which are basically bubble aeration, bubble-free aeration and indirect aeration. If the cell damaging impact of gas bubbles is reduced, direct aeration becomes a practical solution with scale up potential and comparatively high oxygen transfer rates. In addition all other aeration methods are technical more complicated and lead to less reliability because of the greater number of connection tubes. Thus in the production of biopharmaceuticals, gas sparging is an efficient and preferred process strategy for oxygen supply to cell cultures. In this paper, a microsparging aeration system made of porous ceramics is presented. The sparging system was used for the cultivation of mammalian cells like suspended CHO cells and adherend MDBK cells immobilized on micro carrier in 2 and 5L standard stirred tank reactors. The system produced bubbles of 100 – 500 μm. Already at a relatively low agitation rate of 50 to 60 rpm in the sparged bioreactor a uniform and constant dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained in the medium. In fact, oxygen transfer measurements revealed that it greatly exceeded the cell requirements. The small bubble diameters and decreased gas flow resulted in a different pattern of foam formation as compared to standard aeration systems.
Application of string kernel based support vector machine for malware packer identification (2013)

Packing is among the most popular obfuscation techniques to impede anti-virus scanners from successfully detecting malware. In this paper we propose a string-kernel-based support vector machine classifier to identify the packer that is used to create a given malware program. Our approach is featured by the following characteristics. First, the adoption of a string-kernel-based method bridges the gap between signature-based and machine-learning-base approaches. Second, the kernel function derived from the Levenshtein distance integrates important domain knowledge in the learning process. Then, application of support vector machine, a state-of-the-art classifier, enables an automated packer identification scheme with high generalization ability and time efficiency. Finally, selection of the code segment with the most essential packer relevant information further boosts the classification performance. Experiments on a dataset of 3228 binary programs composed of packed files created by 25 packers show that the proposed approach outperforms PEiD and previous machine-learning-based approaches in prediction accuracy with a large margin. This method can help to improve the scanning efficiency of anti-virus products and promote efficient back-end malware research.
Cloned human brain nitric oxide synthase is highly expressed in skeletal muscle (1993)

Complementary DNA clones corresponding to human brain nitric oxide (NO) synthase have been isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed an overall identity with rat brain NO synthase of about 93% and contained all suggested consensus sites for binding of the co-factors. The cDNA transfected COS-1 cells showed significant NO synthase activity with the typical co-factor requirements. Unexpectedly, messenger RNA levels of this isoform of NO synthase was more abundant in human skeletal muscle than human brain. Moreover, we detected high NO synthase activity and the expressed protein in human skeletal muscle by Western blot analysis, indicating a possible novel function of NO in skeletal muscle.
Thrombolysis using multi-frequency high intensity focused ultrasound at MHz range: an<i>in vitro</i>study (2015)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) based thrombolysis has emerged as a promising drug-free treatment approach for ischemic stroke. The large amount of acoustic power required by this approach, however, poses a critical challenge to the future clinical translation. In this study, multi-frequency acoustic waves at MHz range (near 1.5 MHz) were introduced as HIFU excitations to reduce the required power for treatment as well as the treatment time. In vitro bovine blood clots weighing around 150 mg were treated by single-frequency and multi-frequency HIFU. The pulse length was 2 ms for all experiments except the ones where the duty cycle was changed. It was found that dual-frequency thrombolysis efficiency was statistically better than single-frequency under the same acoustic power and excitation condition. When varying the acoustic power but fixing the duty cycle at 5%, it was found that dual-frequency ultrasound can save almost 30% power in order to achieve the same thrombolysis efficiency. In the experiment where the duty cycle was increased from 0.5% to 10%, it was shown that dual-frequency ultrasound can achieve the same thrombolysis efficiency with only half of the duty cycle of single-frequency. Dual-frequency ultrasound could also accelerate the thrombolysis by a factor of 2-4 as demonstrated in this study. No significant differences were found between dual-frequencies with different frequency differences (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 MHz) and between dual-frequency and triple-frequency. The measured cavitation doses of dual-frequency and triple-frequency excitations were at about the same level but both were significantly higher than that of single-frequency.
Electrical Stimulation in Interstitial Cystitis (1980)

We treated 14 women with chronic interstitial cystitis with long-term intravaginal or transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations were done after 6 months to 2 years. Improvement was not immediate but required a considerable period of continuous, daily use of electrical stimulation. The results were favorable--a substantial decrease in pain and frequency of micturition in all patients after long-term treatment. Since the methods seem effective and are simple, cheap and non-destructive electrical stimulation is recommended for all patients with chronic interstitial cystitis.
One‐Pot Preparation of [<i>n</i>]Ladderanes by [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition (2005)

Abstract A new method for the preparation of [ n ]ladderanes is presented, based on a one‐pot [2π+2π] photocycloaddition of [2.2]paracyclophane pseudo‐ gem bis(polyene) precursors. [3]‐ and [5]ladderanes could be isolated and were fully characterized, including their X‐ray structure analysis. The overall chemical yields from [2.2]paracyclophane as starting material were found to be 53 % ([3]ladderane) and 38 % ([5]ladderane). Preliminary investigations of their photochromic properties (reversible change from yellow or red to colourless forms) are described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stereochemistry of alternating copolymers of vinyl olefins with carbon monoxide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of alternating copolymers of vinyl olefins with carbon monoxideMarco Barsacchi, Antonio Batistini, Giambattista Consiglio, and Ulrich W. SuterCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 13, 3604–3606Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00039a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00039a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat‐shock and related stress enhance RNA polymerase II C‐terminal‐domain kinase activity in HeLa cell extracts (1990)

Changes in protein kinase activities are thought to contribute to the alteration of gene expression after heat shock and related stresses. In an attempt to identify enzymes which might be involved in both chromatin structure modification and transcriptional switch in heat-shocked cells, we have studied protein kinase activities in heat-shocked cell lysates with two exogenous substrates: a tetramer of a heptapeptide (heptapeptide 4) corresponding to the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD), and the histone H1. Heat-shock and arsenite stress were found to stimulate strongly CTD kinase activity. H1 kinase activity was also stimulated but more weakly. Stimulation of CTD and H1 kinases occurs mainly at the early phase of recovery and by a process which is independent of protein synthesis. The stress-induced H1 kinase is shown to contain a molecule related to the mitotic-promoting factor (MPF) Cdc2 component. On the other hand, though Cdc2-related protein has also been reported to be part of a CTD kinase complex, we show that the stress-induced CTD kinase activity corresponds to a distinct entity. It is proposed that stress activation of CTD kinase might be involved in changing the specificity of RNA polymerase II.
The Arctic: a sink for mercury (2004)

Mercury is a persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative pollutant of global interest. Its main mass in the troposphere is in the form of elemental gas-phase mercury. Rapid, near-complete depletion of mercury has been observed during spring in the atmospheric boundary layer of frozen marine areas in Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic locations. It is strongly correlated with ozone depletion. To date, evidence has indicated strongly that chemistry involving halogen gases from surface sea-salt is the mechanism of this destruction. Precisely which halogen gases are the main players has remained unresolved. Our novel kinetic data and multiscale modelling show that Br atoms and BrO radicals are the most effective halogens driving mercury oxidation. The reduction of oxidized mercury deposited in the snow pack back to Hg0 and subsequent diffusion to the atmosphere is observed. However, it cannot compensate for the total deposition, and a net accumulation occurs. We use a unique global atmospheric mercury model to estimate that halogen-driven mercury depletion events result in a 44% increase in the net deposition of mercury to the Arctic. Over a 1-yr cycle, we estimate an accumulation of 325 tons of mercury in the Arctic.
Surface processes leading to carbon contamination of photochemically deposited copper films (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. A. Houle, R. J. Wilson, T. H. Baum; Surface processes leading to carbon contamination of photochemically deposited copper films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 1 November 1986; 4 (6): 2452–2458. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.574090 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Prediction of Melt State Poly(α-olefin) Rheological Properties:  The Unsuspected Role of the Average Molecular Weight per Backbone Bond (2002)

It has previously been shown that the entanglement molecular weight (Me) and the plateau modulus ( ) of flexible polymers can be correlated to the unperturbed chain dimension, 〈R2〉0/M, chain density (ρ) via the use of the packing length (p), which is defined as the volume of a chain divided by its mean square end to end distance. For polyolefins and co-polyolefins where 〈R2〉0/M remains unmeasured a method is presented herein where knowledge of the average molecular weight per backbone bond (mb) allows and thus Meto be estimated. This is particularly valuable for the case of polyolefin copolymers where the melt chain dimensions (and thus the packing length) are unknown.
Effect of the alkaline and acid treatments on the physicochemical properties of corn starch (2013)

Corn starches were isolated using three different methods: water steeping, alkaline steeping, and acid steeping. The effects on their structural, micro structural, thermal, and chemical properties were evaluated, with especial emphasis in the alkaline process that is close related to the nixtamalization process. The isolation method influences the amylose content, crystallinity, and enthalpy of the starch granules. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the isolation method produced changes on the surface of the granules, and in some cases there were holes on the surface. Method 2 (the alkaline method) produces the starch granules with low protein and fat content and there was an increase in the enthalpy for this method, that can be explained in terms of thermodynamics by the increase of particles into the starch granules, which was confirmed by an increase in the ash content. A negative correlation between these variables was found (r = −0.99), while a positive correlation between enthalpy and amylose content was also found (r = 1).
Development and Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Atorvastatin (2015)

The objective of this work was to design and characterize liquid and solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for poorly soluble atorvastatin. To optimize the composition of liquid atorvastatin-SEDDS, solubility tests, pseudoternary phase diagrams, emulsification studies and other in vitro examinations (thermodynamic stability, droplet size and zeta potential analysis) were performed. Due to the disadvantages of liquid SEDDS (few choices for dosage forms, low stability and portability during the manufacturing process), attempts were also made to obtain solid SEDDS. Solid SEDDS were successfully obtained using the spray drying technique from two optimized liquid formulations, CF3 and OF2. Despite liquid SEDDS formulation, CF3 was characterized by lower turbidity, higher percentage transmittance and better self-emulsifying properties, and based on the in vitro dissolution study it can be concluded that better solubilization properties were exhibited by solid formulation OF2. Overall, the studies demonstrated the possibility of formulating liquid and solid SEEDS as promising carriers of atorvastatin. SEDDS, with their unique solubilization properties, provide the opportunity to deliver lipophilic drugs to the gastrointestinal tract in a solubilized state, avoiding dissolution-a restricting factor in absorption rate of BCS Class 2 drugs, including atorvastatin.
Changes of lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase level during pregnancy (2004)

The measurement of L-PGDS in cervicovaginal fluid was useful in the detection of ROM during pregnancy.
Photocatalytic Polymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene over Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite Quantum Dots (2017)

The outstanding performance of halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications can be partly attributed to their high absorption coefficient and long carrier lifetime, which are also desirable for photocatalysts. Herein, we report that cesium lead iodide perovskite quantum dots (CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QDs) can be used as catalysts to promote the polymerization of 2,2',5',2″-ter-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene under visible light illumination while preserving the quantum dot in the desirable cubic crystal phase. Simultaneously, the generated conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, encapsulates and stabilizes the morphology of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QDs. The photocatalytic polymerization clearly depends on the concentration of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QDs, and the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QDs maintain the desirable perovskite phase when the concentration of the QD increases. Molecular oxygen and 1,4-benzoquinone can serve as electron acceptors during the photocatalytic polymerization reaction. When molecular oxygen is used, the structure of the CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QD transforms from cubic to orthorhombic, while usage of 1,4-benzoquinone preserves the cubic phase of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> QD. This novel approach enables the one-step formation of CsPbI<sub>3</sub>/PEDOT composite, which could be promising for the preparation of novel optoelectronic materials and high performance devices.
The chemistry of <i>N</i>‐cyanodithioimidocarbonic acid. III. An intermediate in heterocyclic synthesis (1975)

Abstract The synthesis of substituted benzimidazole, benzothiazole, oxadiazole and triazine systems from dipotassium N ‐cyanodithioimidocarbonate are described.
<title>Interband prediction method for subband image coding</title> (1995)

Researchers investigating multiresolution, pyramid, or wavelet-style subband images have repeatedly noted the obvious visual similarity between corresponding portions of subband images at adjacent resolutions, pyramid levels or wavelet scales. Fractal-based compression methods directly exploit the similarity between portions of the image and spatially contracted portions of the same image. Yet, the conventional strategy of independently coding the subband images ignores these relationships, thereby neglecting behavior that could provide significant leverage in reducing the compressed bitrate. We present an interband prediction method that capitalizes on interband relationships. Starting with a lower-frequency subband image, the method predicts the content of the next-higher-frequency subband image. The process repeats recursively until the desired resolution level is reached. Both the predictor and the prediction are determined using small local regions in the subband image, to accommodate the notoriously nonstationary behavior of image data. Occasionally, the prediction error is objectionably large and requires prediction-error correction. Examples of good image quality are presented with prediction across three subband levels and prediction-error correction at roughly 10% of the predicted pixels.
Room temperature photoluminescence of (RE)NiO3 (RE=La, Y, Er, Ho, Nd and La1-xYx) (2007)

The nature of visible photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature in amorphous (RE)NiO3 (RE=La, Y, Er, Ho, Nd and La1-xYx) is discussed. Powders of this system were prepared by the polymeric precursor technique. The presence of broad PL band emission spectra at room temperature indicated increasing structural order with addition of rare earth elements.