gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CacheMule: A mobile-carried content location mechanism (2013)

We consider the abstractions that are required in an information centric network. The usual publish and subscribe primitives need to be extended with some content location additions. Indeed, one of the main challenges of information centric networks is to keep the content routing consistent, and this would be eased by offering content location support in the protocol to get and push data. The two primitives we suggest are a content location message that requests not the content, but its availability, and a content hint message that lets the consumer specifies where to find the content to the network. Both are needed to cope with the uncertainty of the content location that comes from the huge scale and the highly dynamic nature of content routing tables.
4H-SiC n-Channel DMOS IGBTs on (0001) and (000-1) Oriented Lightly Doped Free-Standing Substrates (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate 4H-SiC n-channel, DMOS Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) on 180 µm thick lightly doped free-standing n - substrates with an ion-implanted collector region, and metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gate on (0001) and (000-1) surfaces. The IGBTs show an on-state current of 20A/cm 2 at a power dissipation of 300W/cm 2 . Threshold voltage of 7.5V and 10.5V was obtained on Si-face and C-face respectively. Both IGBTs show a small positive temperature coefficient of the forward voltage drop, which is useful for easy parallelization of devices.
Distance metric for motion vector histograms based on human perceptual characteristics (2003)

This paper proposes a distance metric for motion vector histograms. Of a number of existing distance metrics for histograms, the weighted quadratic form distance is known to be efficient because of its flexibility. In order for the distance to be efficient, however, a suitable selection for its weighting matrix is necessary. Proposed in this paper is a determination technique for the weighting matrix which can reflect human perceptual characteristics for motion similarity. Experimental results have confirmed that the proposed technique is useful as a similarity measure in video retrieval.
Centers of Learning: Britain, France, Germany, United States (1979)

(1979). Centers of Learning: Britain, France, Germany, United States. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 684-686.
Regulation and function of the RSK family of protein kinases (2011)

The RSK (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase) family comprises a group of highly related serine/threonine kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, survival and motility. This family includes four vertebrate isoforms (RSK1, RSK2, RSK3 and RSK4), and single family member orthologues are also present in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. The RSK isoforms are downstream effectors of the Ras/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) signalling pathway. Significant advances in the field of RSK signalling have occurred in the past few years, including several new functions ascribed to the RSK isoforms, the discovery of novel protein substrates and the implication of different RSK isoforms in cancer. Collectively, these new findings increase the diversity of biological functions regulated by RSK, and highlight potential new directions of research. In the present paper, we review the structure, expression and activation mechanisms of the RSK isoforms, and discuss their physiological roles on the basis of established substrates and recent discoveries.
The effect of condensed tannins in<i>Lotus pedunculatus</i>on the digestion and metabolism of methionine, cystine and inorganic sulphur in sheep (1993)

Two experiments were conducted with sheep fed on fresh Lotus pedunculatus containing 50-55 g condensed tannin (CT)/kg dry matter. Effects of CT were assessed by comparing control sheep (CT operating) with sheep receiving a continuous intraruminal infusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to bind and inactivate CT. Digestion of methionine and cystine was determined using a continuous intraruminal infusion of indigestible markers, whilst plasma irreversible loss (IRL) of methionine, cystine and inorganic sulphate was determined using 35S labelling. The proportion of microbial non-NH3-N (NAN) in whole rumen digesta NAN and the IRL of reducible S from the rumen were determined using a continuous intraruminal infusion of (NH4)2(35)SO4. The proportion of microbial NAN in whole rumen digesta NAN (0.44 v. 0.71) and the IRL of reducible S from the rumen (0.84 v. 2.49 g S/d) were lower in control than PEG sheep. PEG sheep lost 30% of ingested methionine and cystine across the rumen, whereas the control sheep lost no methionine and cystine across the rumen. Apparent absorption of methionine from the small intestine was 27% higher in control than PEG sheep, but both groups had a similar apparent absorption of cystine. The apparent digestibility of cystine in the small intestine was lower in control (0.42) than PEG (0.53) sheep, whereas the apparent digestibility of methionine was similar (0.78) for both groups. CT had no effect on plasma methionine IRL, but markedly increased the IRL of cystine (39.8 v. 22.4 mumol/min) and reduced the IRL of plasma inorganic sulphate (35.9 v. 50.2 mumol/min). A three-pool model comparing interconversions between the three plasma metabolites showed that CT increased the flow of cystine to body synthetic reactions (36.5 v. 17.3 mumol/min). This was due to trans-sulphuration of methionine to cystine being greater in control than in PEG sheep, whilst the oxidation of both methionine and cystine were reduced in control sheep. It was concluded that CT reduced the proteolysis of forage protein and the degradation of S amino acids to inorganic sulphide in the rumen, resulting in increased net absorption of methionine and increased utilization of cystine for body synthetic reactions in sheep with a high capacity for wool growth (and, hence, high cystine requirement).
The Magenta Series. II. Some Higher Basic Members (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Magenta Series. II. Some Higher Basic MembersJohn T. ScanlanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 8, 1427–1429Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01299a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01299a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Biophotonics (2021)

Biophotonics is the scientific field at the interface of life and light sciences. It encompasses the use of light as the energy source that enables fundamental studies and application developments in biological, pharmaceutical, environmental and agricultural sciences, and medicine. While the term is contemporary, some of the earliest recorded history of the field probably dates back to the 17th century with the first microbial observations by Antony van Leeuwenhoek using single lenses In 1903, The Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Niels Ryber Finsen "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science" 1 . Fast forward to 21st century where The Noble Prize in Chemistry was awarded "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein" 2 in 2008, and "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" 3 in 2014. The Noble Prize in Physics in 2018 was partly awarded to Arthur Ashkin "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems" 4 .
Association of Two 3D QSAR Analyses. Application to the Study of Partial Agonist Serotonin-3 Ligands (2001)

CATALYST and COMFA, two software packages for 3D QSAR studies, were associated to correlate the three-dimensional structures of 75 serotonin 5-HT3 ligands to their biological affinities. The conformational analysis and the influence of chemical function-based alignments (the basis of this association) on final results are discussed in this publication. These two analyses allow for precisely quantitating the weights of significant chemical groups or functions on the biological affinities.
p210Bcr/Abl and p160v-Abl induce an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p93c-Fes. (1994)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation of human chromosomes 9 and 22. The resulting fusion protein, p210Bcr/Abl, has enhanced tyrosine kinase activity compared with the normal cellular homologue, p145c-Abl. Expression of this chimeric protein in hematopoietic cell lines results in a rapid progression to growth factor independence and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of unidentified cellular proteins. In this study, we show that the phosphorylation state of the hematopoietically restricted tyrosine kinase, p93c-Fes, is increased. Increased phosphorylation of p93c-Fes was detected in p210Bcr/Abl(+) human leukemic cell lines, in primary leukemic cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, and in myeloid cell lines expressing p210Bcr/Abl after transfection. Furthermore, p93c-Fes phosphorylation was increased by p210Bcr/Abl even when coexpressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. v-abl expression was also found to increase the tyrosine phosphorylation of p93c-Fes. This increased phosphorylation was found to be accompanied by an increase in the ability of p93c-Fes to phosphorylate exogenous substrates. p93c-Fes could contribute to the transforming activity of the abl oncogenes.
Coexpression of the genes for platelet-derived growth factor B-chain receptor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor during monocytic differentiation. (1991)

Receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have not been identified previously to our knowledge in human myeloid cells that also produce PDGF. Here we report that phorbol ester-treated myeloid cells differentiated along the monocytic lineage express both a full-length 5.5-kilobase (kb) mRNA and a predominant, truncated 4.6-kb mRNA coding for the PDGF B-chain receptor (PDGF-BR). PDGF-BR was identified in phorbol ester-differentiated myeloid cells by indirect immunofluorescence with an antibody specific to PDGF-BR. This anti-PDGF-BR was also used in immunoprecipitation studies to demonstrate that lysates of phorbol ester-differentiated myeloid cells contain PDGF-BR molecules of 37 kDa to 130 kDa. The results also show that the tandemly linked genes for PDGF-BR and the macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor are coexpressed in the phorbol ester-differentiated myeloid cells. Expression of these two receptor genes has not been shown previously in any cell type to our knowledge.
Benzalkonium Salts: Effects on G Protein-Mediated Processes and Surface Membranes (2000)

Benzalkonium salts comprise a group of positively charged surface-active alkylamine biocides with the general formula alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or bromide. They interact with guanine nucleotide triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins), thereby affecting signal transduction in a variety of cell types and processes. This article reviews the known and potential basic science research and clinical applications and manifestations of benzalkonium salts. Benzalkonium salts have antiproliferative effects on a variety of cells (including T cells) through G protein-dependent pathways, affect cytokine gene expression (downregulate tumor necrosis factor expression), and are also effective bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal agents with multisite (direct and immunologically mediated) inhibitory activity against many pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), papillomavirus, and herpesviruses. Therefore, benzalkonium salts not only appear to be effective as disinfectants and spermicides but may also prove useful in the prevention and treatment of neoplasias and other disease, particularly those linked to viruses and originating at the skin or mucosal surface.
Neural network based secure media access control protocol for wireless sensor networks (2009)

This paper discusses an application of a neural network in wireless sensor network security. It presents a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based media access control protocol (MAC) to secure a CSMA-based wireless sensor network against the denial-of-service attacks launched by adversaries. The MLP enhances the security of a WSN by constantly monitoring the parameters that exhibit unusual variations in case of an attack. The MLP shuts down the MAC layer and the physical layer of the sensor node when the suspicion factor, the output of the MLP, exceeds a preset threshold level. Backpropagation and particle swarm optimization algorithms are used for training the MLP. The MLP-guarded secure WSN is implemented using the Vanderbilt Prowler simulator. Simulation results show that the MLP helps in extending the lifetime of the WSN.
Fracture-Related Diagenesis May Impact Conductivity (2007)

Summary Rapid loss of fracture conductivity after hydraulic fracture stimulation has often been attributed to the migration of formation fines into the proppant pack or the generation of fines derived from proppant crushing. Generation of crystalline and amorphous porosity-filling minerals can occur within the proppant pack because of chemical compositional differences between the proppant and the formation, and the compaction of the proppant bed because of proppant pressure solution reactions. Findings presented in this paper suggest that diagenesis-type reactions that can occur between proppant and freshly fractured rock surfaces can lead to rapid loss of proppant-pack porosity and loss of conductivity.
Periodically microstructured composite films made by electric- and magnetic-directed colloidal assembly (2016)

Living organisms often combine soft and hard anisotropic building blocks to fabricate composite materials with complex microstructures and outstanding mechanical properties. An optimum design and assembly of the anisotropic components reinforces the material in specific directions and sites to best accommodate multidirectional external loads. Here, we fabricate composite films with periodic modulation of the soft-hard microstructure by simultaneously using electric and magnetic fields. We exploit forefront directed-assembly approaches to realize highly demanded material microstructural designs and showcase a unique example of how one can bridge colloidal sciences and composite technology to fabricate next-generation advanced structural materials. In the proof-of-concept experiments, electric fields are used to dictate the position of the anisotropic particles through dielectrophoresis, whereas a rotating magnetic field is used to control the orientation of the particles. By using such unprecedented control over the colloidal assembly process, we managed to fabricate ordered composite microstructures with up to 2.3-fold enhancement in wear resistance and unusual site-specific hardness that can be locally modulated by a factor of up to 2.5.
A silicon-based, fully integrated pulse electron paramagnetic resonance system for mm-wave spectroscopy (2013)

An integrated transceiver for time-domain EPR spectroscopy is implemented using a 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The system utilizes an on-chip resonator to study time domain relaxation behavior of paramagnetic samples, i.e. materials with unpaired electron spins. The single-chip EPR spectrometer consists of an EPR resonator, 22-26GHz tunable VCO, a programmable pulse generation block, RF buffer and power amplifier, a multi-stage LNA, and down-conversion mixer all in a 2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -size chip area.
Pigment-Derived Inhibitors for Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 (2000)

Inhibitor characteristics of 27 compounds considered as possible replacements for chromate pigments in aerospace paint were investigated. These compounds were tested and screened in solution and not as actual paint additives. In initial testing, aluminum alloy (AA) 2024-T3 (UNS A92024) samples were exposed to 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl, pH adjusted to 7, T = 23°C) with 3.4 mM of the candidate compound dissolved in solution. Corrosion inhibition characteristics were assessed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed over 10 days, and the statistical analysis of pit depths was analyzed at the conclusion of each exposure. Promising candidates then were exposed to more extreme environments to simulate possible service-life conditions. These environments included unbuffered 0.6 M NaCl initially adjusted to pH 3, T = 23°C and pH 10, T = 23°C. Several candidate inhibitors appeared promising: barium metaborate, cerium chloride, cerium oxalate, lanthanum chloride, and sodium metavanadate. Under the conditions of these tests, sodium metavanadate consistently displayed the best performance. EIS data indicated the corrosion performance of sodium metavanadate was within an order of magnitude of sodium chromate (Na2CrO4), while pit depth values for metavanadate were comparable to those observed for Na2CrO4. Rankings of inhibitor performance as determined by EIS was supported by the extreme value analysis of pit depth.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and emerging resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins (2008)

Concerns regarding the appearance of gonococci associated with treatment failure with oral cephalosporins are increasing. The origins, causes and patterns of spread of these clinically resistant gonococci are reminiscent of the earlier experiences with quinolone-resistant gonococci. Preventive measures require simultaneous implementation of disease-control principles, coupled with those for antimicrobial resistance.
Systemic adenosine infusion: a new treatment modality to alleviate neuropathic pain (1995)

Adenosine, an endogenous antinociceptive compound acting in the central nervous system, was infused intravenously (50-70 micrograms/kg/min) to 2 patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. In 1 subject, spontaneous pain was alleviated, and tactile allodynia was essentially relieved during 40 min of infusion. Allodynia to warmth and touch were abolished in the other subject. In addition, hyperalgesia to pinprick was markedly attenuated as was pressure-induced allodynia. The reported effects lasted for hours after termination of the infusion. Our preliminary encouraging data call for further controlled studies of the potentially relieving effect of adenosine in painful neuropathic conditions.
Multiple Enantioselection by an Enzyme‐Catalyzed Transacylation Reaction (1994)

Abstract Multiply enantioselective enzyme‐catalyzed transacylation reactions are described. Two instances of triply enantioselective enzyme‐catalyzed transacylations are 1) the reaction of rac ‐1‐indanol with rac ‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthy]‐2,2′‐dibutyrate to afford ( S )‐1‐indanoL ( R )‐1‐indanylacetate, ( S )‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthyl‐2,2′‐diol, and ( R )‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthyl‐2,2′‐dibutyrate and 2) the reaction of rac ‐1‐indanol with rac ‐2,2′‐bis(butyroxymethyl)biphenyl to afford ( S )‐1‐indanol, ( R )‐1‐indanylbutyrate, ( S )‐2,2′‐biphenyldimethanol, and ( R )‐2,2′‐bis(butyroxy‐methyl)biphenyl. Doubly enantioselective enzyme‐catalyzed transacylations are described according to two instances: 1) the reaction of rac ‐1‐indanol with rac ‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthyl‐2‐ol‐2′‐butyrate afforded ( S )‐1‐indanol, ( R )‐1‐indanylacetate, ( S )‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthyl‐2,2′‐diol, and ( R )‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthyl‐2‐ol‐2′‐butyrate, and 2) the reaction of rac ‐1‐indanol with 1,3,5‐O‐methylidne‐2,4,6‐tri‐O‐butyrate‐ myo ‐inositol to afford ( S )‐1 ‐indanol, ( R )‐l‐indanylbutyrate, and 1,3,5‐O‐methylidne‐2,6‐di‐O‐butyrate‐ myo ‐inositol. Multiply enantioselective enzyme‐catalyzed reactions have a merit of the enhancement of enantiomeric excess over singly enantioselective ones.
30 years of campylobacters: biochemical characteristics and a biotyping proposal for Campylobacter jejuni (1982)

Several biochemical test systems were studied for their potential usefulness for the examination of strains of Campylobacter species. Most (81%) of the C. jejuni strains hydrolyzed sodium hippurate, but strains of C. fetus, C. sputorum, and C. fecalis did not. Some (46%) of the C. jejuni strains and all of the C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, C. sputorum subsp. bubulus, and C. fecalis strains hydrolyzed DNA, but the C. fetus and C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis strains did not. Strains of all species of Campylobacter grew on charcoal-yeast extract agar, but 47% of the C. jejuni strains did not. Alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded for some strains of C. jejuni, but all other species were negative for this activity. Aryl sulfatase activity was detected in 7% of the C. jejuni, 15% of the C. fetus subsp. fetus, and all of the C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, C. sputorum subsp. bubulus, and C. fecalis strains, but it was not detected in the C. fetus subsp. venerealis and C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis strains. Most (93%) of the C. jejuni but none of the other Campylobacter strains contained lactobacillic acid when examined for cellular fatty acids. On the basis of results from three of these tests (hippurate hydrolysis, DNA hydrolysis, and growth on charcoal-yeast extract agar), clinical strains of C. jejuni were placed in eight biotypes.
Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Primes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production after LPS Challenge In Vivo (2012)

Reactive oxygen species produced during the innate immune response to LPS are important agents of anti-pathogen defence but may also cause oxidative lung damage. Glutathione peroxidase-1 (gpx-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme that may protect lungs from such damage. We assessed the in vivo importance of gpx-1 in LPS-induced lung inflammation. Male wild-type (WT) or gpx-1 deficient (gpx-1(-/-)) mice were treated intranasally with PBS or 10 µg LPS and killed 3 and 24 h post LPS. Lungs were lavaged with PBS and then harvested for inflammatory marker expression. LPS caused an intense neutrophilia in WT BALF evident 3 and 24 h post challenge that was reduced in gpx-1(-/-) mice. In addition, LPS-treated gpx-1(-/-) mice had significantly fewer macrophages than LPS-treated WT mice. To understand the basis for this paradoxical reduction we assessed inflammatory cytokines and proteases at protein and transcript levels. MMP-9 expression and net gelatinase activity in BALF of gpx-1(-/-) mice treated with LPS for 3 and 24 h was no different to that found in LPS-treated WT mice. BALF from LPS-treated gpx-1(-/-) mice (3 h) had less TNF-α, MIP-2 and GM-CSF protein than LPS-treated WT mice. In contrast, LPS-induced increases in TNF-α, MIP-2 and GM-CSF mRNA expression in WT mice were similar to those observed in gpx-1(-/-) mice. These attenuated protein levels were unexpectedly not mirrored by reduced mRNA transcripts but were associated with increased 20S proteasome expression. Thus, these data suggest that gpx-1 primes pro-inflammatory cytokine production after LPS challenge in vivo.