gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-<scp>d</scp>-glucoside on lipoprotein oxidation and proliferation of coronary arterial smooth cells (2007)

To investigate the effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG), a compound extracted from the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, on lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) oxidation, proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) content of coronary arterial smooth cells (CASMCs) induced by LDL, VLDL, ox-LDL and ox-VLDL. The oxidation level of lipoprotein was determined by thiobabituric acid (TBA) method and agarose gel electrophoresis. The proliferative degree was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The NO content was assayed by nitrate reductase method. (1)THSG (0.1 - 100 mumol L(- 1)) could dose-dependently prevent lipoprotein from oxidation induced by Cu(2 + ) and CASMCs. (2)THSG (0.1 - 100 micromol L(- 1)) inhibited porcine CASMCs proliferation elicited by LDL, VLDL, ox-LDL and ox-VLDL. (3)THSG (0.1 - 100 micromol L(- 1)) counterpoised the decrease of NO content in CASMCs evoked by LDL, VLDL, ox-LDL and ox-VLDL. As compared with control, it was found that the threshold concentration of THSG, which significantly exerted the actions mentioned above, were at the concentration of 1 micromol.L(- 1) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, THSG possesses the antagonistic effects on oxidation of lipoprotein, proliferation and decrease of NO content of CASMCs, which partially explain the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.
The Absolute Configuration of α-carboxyisocaproic Acid (3-Isopropylmalic Acid), an Intermediate in Leucine Biosynthesis<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Absolute Configuration of α-carboxyisocaproic Acid (3-Isopropylmalic Acid), an Intermediate in Leucine Biosynthesis*Joseph M. Calvo, Carl M. Stevens, M. G. Kalyanpur, and H. E. UmbargerCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 12, 2024–2027Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00900a043https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00900a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bringing Home the Bacon: Infusing Evaluation Best Practices into Grant Proposals (2020)

       Proposals possessing sound and well-funded evaluation plans are normally stronger and have greater chances of being funded. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication shares information the authors learned during a series of meetings with federal agency program officers and evaluators about best practices for grant proposals. The practices encompass two broad categories: incorporating evaluation expertise into the project team and building a sound project rationale and evaluation plan. By adopting these practices, you will enhance the quality of your proposals; you will most likely increase the amount of extramural funding that is secured; and you will elevate the visibility and impact of programs within your organization. Written by Glenn Israel, Jaclyn D. Kropp, David C. Diehl, Conner Mullally, and Sebastian Galindo.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc350
Anticandidal activity of major human salivary histatins (1991)

We have previously shown that histatins 1, 3, and 5 are homologous, histidine-rich proteins present in human parotid and submandibular secretions which contain 38, 32, and 24 amino acids, respectively. Interest in these proteins stems from the fact that histatins exhibit candidacidal and candidastatic activities. The goal of the present investigation was a detailed functional characterization of these anticandidal activities of histatins at the levels of killing of blastoconidia, killing of germinated cells, and inhibition of germination by using three bioassays. Candidacidal activities were evaluated at several ionic strengths, in the presence of different mono- and divalent ions, and at multiple pH values. In addition, the susceptibility of Candida albicans in different growth phases to histatins was investigated. While all three major human histatins demonstrated candidacidal activities, they differed in their abilities to kill blastoconidia and germinated cells, with histatin 5 being the most active, histatin 3 showing moderate activity, and histatin 1 exhibiting the lowest level of activity. For the inhibition of germination, however, histatin 3 exhibited more activity than either histatin 1 or histatin 5. The candidacidal activity of histatins was inversely proportional to both the ionic strength and the divalent cation concentration in the medium. Stepwise reduction of the pH of the assay medium enhanced the candidacidal activities of histatins 1 and 3, while the activity of histatin 5 was pH independent over the range of pHs 4 to 8. C. albicans in log-phase growth was more susceptible to histatins 1 and 3 than cells in stationary phase. Cells in either growth phase were still more vulnerable to histatin 5 than to histatins 1 and 3. The results obtained establish the functional relationship of the major histatins with respect to both their fungicidal and fungistatic activities and provide insights into their activities under ionic and pH conditions likely to be encountered in vivo in the oral cavity. Moreover, the data point towards possible mechanisms responsible for the anticandidal activities of histatins.
Activation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Response Pathways by Low Temperature during Imbibition of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Seeds[W] (2004)

Exposure of imbibed seeds to low temperature (typically 4 degrees C) is widely used to break seed dormancy and to improve the frequency of germination. However, the mechanism by which temperature accelerates germination is largely unknown. Using DNA microarray and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we found that a subset of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes were upregulated in response to low temperature, resulting in an increase in the level of bioactive GAs and transcript abundance of GA-inducible genes in imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Using a loss-of-function mutant, the cold-inducible GA biosynthesis gene, AtGA3ox1, was shown to play an essential role in mediating the effect of low temperature. Besides temperature, AtGA3ox1 also is positively regulated by active phytochrome and negatively regulated by GA activity. We show that both red light and GA deficiency act in addition to low temperature to elevate the level of AtGA3ox1 transcript, indicating that multiple signals are integrated by the AtGA3ox1 gene to control seed germination. When induced by low temperature, AtGA3ox1 mRNA was detectable by in situ RNA hybridization in an additional set of cell types relative to that in red light-induced seeds. Our results illustrate that the GA biosynthesis and response pathways are activated during seed imbibition at low temperature and suggest that the cellular distribution of bioactive GAs may be altered under different light and temperature conditions.
The Role of AlF<sub>3</sub> Coatings in Improving Electrochemical Cycling of Li‐Enriched Nickel‐Manganese Oxide Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries (2012)

A Li[Li(0.19)Ni(0.16)Co(0.08)Mn(0.57)]O(2) cathode was coated with AlF(3) on the surface. The AlF(3)-coating enhanced the overall electrochemical characteristics of the electrode while overcoming the typical shortcomings of lithium-enriched cathodes. This improvement was attributed to the transformation of the initial electrode layer to a spinel phase, induced by the Li chemical leaching effect of the AlF(3) coating layer.
A New Method of Fluoroalkylation by a Wittig Reaction (1985)

Abstract A new method has been developped for the introduction of a perfluorinated chain into an hydrogenated moiety. It is based on the use of a new fluorinated reagent, (C6H5)3P-CH2CH2RF I− which couple to a non fluorinated aldehyde in a Wittig reaction.
Symbol error-correcting codes for computer memory systems (1992)

A method is presented of constructing symbol error correcting codes that have a minimum symbol distance of 4. The method yields some codes that are more efficient than previously known codes. The application is to designing fault-tolerant semiconductor memories.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Front return yoke type cusp field single-pole writing head (2004)

In this report, the new head structure and its writing performance are discussed based on fabricated real single-pole heads.
Demonstration of Ultra-Low Voltage and Ultra Low Power STT-MRAM designed for compatibility with 0x node embedded LLC applications (2018)

We present for the first time STT-MRAM devices with ultra low operating voltage and power compatible with next generation 0x node logic voltages. By engineering the tunnel barrier and improving the efficiency of the devices we report a record low writing voltage of 0.17V for a 1ppm error rate, which has been achieved for a 20ns write operation using a writing current of only 35uA. We further demonstrate error rates below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> at voltage and current at 0.25V and 50uA using 10ns writing pulses on the same 30nm devices with extended 400C thermal budget while preserving functionality confirm the almost unlimited endurance of these data and retention at 85°C. Finally, TDDB studies confirm the almost unlimited endurance of these devices at the operating voltage.
Amino acid sequences of the human kidney cathepsins H and L (1988)

The complete amino acid sequences of human kidney cathepsin H (EC 3.4.22.16) and human kidney cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) were determined. Cathepsin H contains 230 residues and has an Mr of 25116. The sequence was obtained by sequencing the light, heavy and mini chain and the peptides produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the single-chain form of the enzyme. The glycosylated mini chain is a proteolytic fragment of the propeptide of cathepsin H. Human cathepsin L has 217 amino acid residues and an Mr of 23720. Its amino acid sequence was deduced from N-terminal sequences of the heavy and light chains and from the sequences of cyanogen bromide fragments of the heavy chain. The fragments were aligned by comparison with known sequences of cathepsins H and L from other species. Cathepsins H and L exhibit a high degree of sequence homology to cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and other cysteine proteinases of the papain superfamily.
An MPEG decoder with embedded compression for memory reduction (1998)

We present an MPEG decoder with reduced system costs by employing embedded compression of the reference frames which are used for motion compensated (MC) decoding. The embedded compression scheme used is based on either block predictive coding or DCT transform coding, depending on the required memory compression. The compression features simple recovery of (MC) block data, while preventing visible artifacts. The compression was optimized for low costs, enabling real application in a commercial MPEG IC. It was found that the same techniques can be applied in the encoder as well.
Improved stability of polysilicon thin-film transistors under self-heating and high endurance EEPROM cells for systems-on-panel (2002)

The stability of poly-Si TFTs on quartz with thin (12 nm) ECR N/sub 2/O-plasma gate oxide and high endurance poly-Si TFT EEPROMs are presented. The fabricated n-channel (p-channel) TFTs on quartz have mobilities of 262 (102) cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s and subthreshold slopes of 72 (86) mV/dec. Although the TFTs on quartz exhibit self-heating effects, /spl Delta/V/sub T/ after stress is less than 0.2 V, which is remarkably excellent. The fabricated planar CMOS poly-Si TFT EEPROMs have excellent endurance characteristics of 10/sup 5/ program/erase cycles, which is attributed to the highly reliable ECR N/sub 2/O-plasma tunnel oxide. The degradation of stage delay of a ring-oscillator is also very small after stress.
The iDorm - A Practical Deployment of Grid Technology (2003)

A purpose built environmental testbed for Intelligent Interactive Environments research, based upon student accommodation (iDorm) is described. It is argued to be a practical example of Grid technology. The testbed combines several different networks and provides a common protocol to act as a gateway between the different sensors and effectors in the iDorm. A variety of interfaces to allow users to control and monitor the different services are described and critiqued. Future plans for extensions to the iDorm are described along with future plans for research experiments using intelligent agents as monitoring tools and interfaces themselves.
A Pilot Trial of Prednisone in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (1997)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant, 4q35-linked, slowly progressive muscular dystrophy with no known effective treatment. Since prednisone improves strength in Duchenne dystrophy, we performed a pilot, open-label trial of prednisone in eight subjects fulfilling strict diagnostic criteria for FSHD. Prednisone (1.5 mg/kg/day; maximum 80 mg/day) was administered for 12 weeks. Manual muscle testing, maximum voluntary isometric contraction testing, and muscle mass estimations by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and urinary creatinine excretion were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. There were no significant changes in strength or muscle mass. We conclude that prednisone given for 12 weeks does not produce major improvement in strength or increase muscle mass in FSHD. The study did not have sufficient power or length of follow-up to address the possibility that prednisone might arrest or slow disease progression.
Valaciclovir for the Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Large‐Scale Dose Range‐Finding Study (1998)

A randomized, double-blind study of valaciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes was conducted among 1479 immunocompetent patients. Patients were randomized to receive valaciclovir (250 mg, 500 mg, or 1 g once daily, or 250 mg twice daily), acyclovir (400 mg twice daily), or placebo, for 1 year. All valaciclovir dosages were significantly more effective than placebo at preventing or delaying recurrences (P < .0001). There was a dose-response relationship (P < .0001) across the once-daily valaciclovir regimens. Twice-daily valaciclovir and acyclovir were similar in effectiveness. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with a history of < 10 recurrences per year were effectively managed with 500 mg of valaciclovir once daily. One gram of valaciclovir once daily, 250 mg of valaciclovir twice daily, or 400 mg of acyclovir twice daily were more effective in patients with > or = 10 recurrences per year. Safety profiles of all treatments were comparable. Thus, valaciclovir is highly effective and well tolerated for suppression of recurrent genital herpes. Once-daily regimens offer a useful option for patients who require suppressive therapy for management of genital herpes.
The killing of children by children as a symptom of national crisis (2008)

In this article, we describe and analyse the public and political responses to two notorious cases of the killing of children by children, one in Merseyside, England and one in Kobe, Japan. We discuss the ways in which the cases were presented as symptomatic of wider social problems, and how in both Britain and Japan they acted as a catalyst for changes in the juvenile criminal justice system. The article describes and attempts to explain both similarities and differences in the reactions to the killings in Britain and Japan, arguing that while the differences may be more obvious the similarities may be more instructive, and setting the description in the context of penological arguments about globalization and the emergence of a postmodern penality. We conclude that neither country is as unique in its responses to juvenile crime as is sometimes claimed, and that despite `postmodern' anxieties and scepticism in both countries, a `modernist' welfare approach to the reintegration of the killers remained feasible in both Britain and Japan.
Sample Size Requirements for Studies of Treatment Effects on Beta-Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

Preservation of β-cell function as measured by stimulated C-peptide has recently been accepted as a therapeutic target for subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. In recently completed studies conducted by the Type 1 Diabetes Trial Network (TrialNet), repeated 2-hour Mixed Meal Tolerance Tests (MMTT) were obtained for up to 24 months from 156 subjects with up to 3 months duration of type 1 diabetes at the time of study enrollment. These data provide the information needed to more accurately determine the sample size needed for future studies of the effects of new agents on the 2-hour area under the curve (AUC) of the C-peptide values. The natural log(x), log(x+1) and square-root (√x) transformations of the AUC were assessed. In general, a transformation of the data is needed to better satisfy the normality assumptions for commonly used statistical tests. Statistical analysis of the raw and transformed data are provided to estimate the mean levels over time and the residual variation in untreated subjects that allow sample size calculations for future studies at either 12 or 24 months of follow-up and among children 8-12 years of age, adolescents (13-17 years) and adults (18+ years). The sample size needed to detect a given relative (percentage) difference with treatment versus control is greater at 24 months than at 12 months of follow-up, and differs among age categories. Owing to greater residual variation among those 13-17 years of age, a larger sample size is required for this age group. Methods are also described for assessment of sample size for mixtures of subjects among the age categories. Statistical expressions are presented for the presentation of analyses of log(x+1) and √x transformed values in terms of the original units of measurement (pmol/ml). Analyses using different transformations are described for the TrialNet study of masked anti-CD20 (rituximab) versus masked placebo. These results provide the information needed to accurately evaluate the sample size for studies of new agents to preserve C-peptide levels in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
Effects of Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Acetotrophic Pathways and Performance in High-Rate Sludge Digestion (2014)

High-rate anaerobic digestion of organic solids requires rapid hydrolysis and enhanced methanogenic growth rates, which can be achieved through elevated temperature (>55 °C) at short hydraulic retention times (HRT). This study assesses the effect of temperatures between 55 °C and 65 °C and HRTs between 2 and 4 days on process performance, microbial community structure, microbial capability, and acetotrophic pathways in thermophilic anaerobic reactors. Increasing the temperature did not enhance volatile solids (VS) destruction above the base value of 37% achieved at 55 °C and 4 days HRT. Stable isotopic signatures (δ13C) revealed that elevated temperature promoted syntrophic acetate oxidation, which accounted for 60% of the methane formation at 55 °C, and increasing substantially to 100% at 65 °C. The acetate consumption capacity dropped with increasing temperature (from 0.69-0.81 gCOD gVS(-1) d(-1) at 55 °C to 0.21-0.35 gCOD gVS(-1) d(-1) at 65 °C), based on specific activity testing of reactor contents. Community analysis using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing revealed the dominance of Methanosarcina at 55-60 °C. However, a further increase to 65 °C resulted in loss of Methanosarcina, with an accumulation of organic acids and reduced methane production. Similar issues were observed when reducing the HRT to 2 days, indicating that temperature<60 °C and HRT>3 days are critical to operate these systems stably.
A new dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme in ethernet passive optical access networks (2004)

Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as the best candidate for next-generation access networks. Propelled by rapid price declines in fiber optics and Ethernet components, these new EPON architectures combine the latest in optical and electronic advances, and are poised to become the dominant means of delivering bundled services over a single platform. This paper proposes a new EPON architecture capable of delivering bandwidth -intensive voice, data video services at distances beyond 25 km in the subscriber access network. Specifically, this paper proposes a two-stage EPON architecture that allows more end-users to share an OLT link, and enables longer access/reach. In addition, a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm is proposed to effectively and fairly allocate bandwidths between end users. This DBA algorithm can support differentiated services in a network with heterogeneous traffic. We conduct detailed simulation experiments to study the performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and algorithms.
Who eats what, where and when? Isotope-labelling experiments are coming of age (2007)

Isotope-labelling experiments have changed the way microbial ecologists investigate the ecophysiology of microbial populations and cells in the environment. Insight into the 'uncultivated majority' accompanies methodology that involves the incorporation of stable isotopes or radioisotopes into sub-populations of environmental samples. Subsequent analysis of labelled biomarkers of sub-populations with stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP, RNA-SIP, phospholipid-derived fatty acid-SIP) or individual cells with a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography reveals linked phylogenetic and functional information about the organisms that assimilated these compounds. Here, we review some of the most recent literature, with an emphasis on methodological improvements to the sensitivity and utility of these methods. We also highlight related isotope techniques that are in continued development and hold promise to transform the way we link phylogeny and function in complex microbial communities.