gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatically Triggered Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers (2009)

The polymerization of vinyl monomers with cleavable enzymatic substrates has been shown to lead to water-soluble double-hydrophilic block copolymers which, upon enzymatic activation of the diblock copolymers, become amphiphilic and undergo self-assembly into colloidal nanostructures. The ability to change the chemical and physical characteristics of polymeric materials by an enzymatic reaction opens the way for novel and exciting applications such as enzymatic-triggered activation of surfaces and formation of nanostructures in vivo in a highly controlled manner.
Rappel historique du genre Sterculia L. en Nouvelle-Calédonie et réhabilitation du genre Acropogon Schltr. (Sterculiaceae) (1986)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Correlations between skin prick tests using commercial extracts and fresh foods, specific IgE, and food challenges (1997)

The skin prick test is the most widely used test for detecting IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Our study aimed to define firstly the correlations between results obtained with prick tests using commercial extracts and fresh foods, and secondly the correlations between these results and those obtained with labial and/or oral challenge. We compared the wheal diameters read at 15 min with commercial extracts and fresh foods, for four foods, in 430 children with suspected food allergy. For cow's milk, wheal diameters were larger with commercial extracts, but the difference was not significant. Conversely, wheal diameters were significantly larger with fresh foods for the other food allergens. Skin prick tests were positive in 40% of cases with commercial extracts and in 81.3% with fresh foods. The overall concordance between a positive prick test and positive challenge was 58.8% with commercial extracts and 91.7% with fresh foods. These results indicate that fresh foods may be more effective for detecting the sensitivity to food allergens. Fresh foods should be used for primary testing for egg, peanut, and cow's milk sensitivity.
Semiconductor materials for thermoelectric power generation up to 700 C (1960)

An investigation into the thermoelectric properties of semiconductor materials to uncover the feasibility of power-generating efficiencies at temperatures from 25 to 700 C. Discussion is centered on general considerations of efficiency factors leading to materials selection and some preliminary results in the evaluation of compound semiconductors and their solid-solution alloys.
Soft-Tissue Vessels and Cellular Preservation in <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> (2005)

Soft tissues are preserved within hindlimb elements of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen 1125). Removal of the mineral phase reveals transparent, flexible, hollow blood vessels containing small round microstructures that can be expressed from the vessels into solution. Some regions of the demineralized bone matrix are highly fibrous, and the matrix possesses elasticity and resilience. Three populations of microstructures have cell-like morphology. Thus, some dinosaurian soft tissues may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience.
Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the monoolefin hydrocarbons (1946)

For ethylene, propylene, each of the four butenes, six pentenes, and 17 hexenes, and for the higher normal l-alkenes, values are presented for the following thermodynamic properties to 1,000 or 1,500 0 K: The heat of formation from the elements, D.Hr ; the free energy of formation from the elements, D.Fr; and the logarithm of the equilibrium constant of formation from the elements, 10gIO J(j.
Phase Structure Function Measurements With Multiple Apertures (1989)

A newly-developed Atmospheric Turbulence Measurement and Observation System (ATMOS) was equipped with multiple apertures, allowing the phase structure function to be determined experimentally. Data was obtained with the ATMOS under two conditions: (a) over a horizontal path with a laser source, and (b) from near-vertical viewing of stellar sources. This data was compared to measurements of the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) obtained from scintillometers, spatially separated temperature probes, and anemometers. The existence of the Kolmogorov spectrum of turbulence during the measurement period will be discussed as well as the relevance of the results on the transverse coherence length, r0. The optical arrangement, as well as data collection and analysis methods, are also outlined.
Carbon nanotube tip probes: stability and lateral resolution in scanning probe microscopy and application to surface science in semiconductors (2001)

In this paper we present results on the stability and lateral resolution capability of carbon nanotube (CNT) scanning probes as applied to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface topography images of ultra-thin films (2-5 nm thickness) obtained with AFM are used to illustrate the lateral resolution capability of single-walled carbon nanotube probes. Images of metal films prepared by ion beam sputtering exhibit grain sizes ranging from greater than 10 nm to as small as approximately 2 nm for gold and iridium respectively. In addition, imaging stability and lifetime of multi-walled carbon nanotube scanning probes are studied on a relatively hard surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4). AFM images Of Si3N4 surface collected after more than 15 hrs of continuous scanning show no detectable degradation in lateral resolution. These results indicate the general feasibility of CNT tips and scanning probe microscopy for examining nanometer-scale surface features of deposited metals as well as non-conductive thin films. AFM coupled with CNT tips offers a simple and nondestructive technique for probing a variety of surfaces, and has immense potential as a surface characterization tool in integrated circuit manufacturing.
Osterix-Cre Labeled Progenitor Cells Contribute to the Formation and Maintenance of the Bone Marrow Stroma (2013)

We have carried out fate mapping studies using Osterix-EGFPCre and Osterix-CreERt animal models and found Cre reporter expression in many different cell types that make up the bone marrow stroma. Constitutive fate mapping resulted in the labeling of different cellular components located throughout the bone marrow, whereas temporal fate mapping at E14.5 resulted in the labeling of cells within a region of the bone marrow. The identity of cell types marked by constitutive and temporal fate mapping included osteoblasts, adipocytes, vascular smooth muscle, perineural, and stromal cells. Prolonged tracing of embryonic precursors labeled at E14.5dpc revealed the continued existence of their progeny up to 10 months of age, suggesting that fate mapped, labeled embryonic precursors gave rise to long lived bone marrow progenitor cells. To provide further evidence for the marking of bone marrow progenitors, bone marrow cultures derived from Osterix-EGFPCre/Ai9 mice showed that stromal cells retained Cre reporter expression and yielded a FACS sorted population that was able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro and into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and perivascular stromal cells after transplantation. Collectively, our studies reveal the developmental process by which Osterix-Cre labeled embryonic progenitors give rise to adult bone marrow progenitors which establish and maintain the bone marrow stroma.
Interface automata (2001)

Conventional type systems specify interfaces in terms of values and domains. We present a light-weight formalism that captures the temporal aspects of software component interfaces. Specifically, we use an automata-based language to capture both input assumptions about the order in which the methods of a component are called, and output guarantees about the order in which the component calls external methods. The formalism supports automatic compatability checks between interface models, and thus constitutes a type system for component interaction. Unlike traditional uses of automata, our formalism is based on an optimistic approach to composition, and on an alternating approach to design refinement. According to the optimistic approach, two components are compatible if there is some environment that can make them work together. According to the alternating approach, one interface refines another if it has weaker input assumptions, and stronger output guarantees. We show that these notions have game-theoretic foundations that lead to efficient algorithms for checking compatibility and refinement.
Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy for Industrial Process Applications: System Characterization in Conventional and New Approaches (2008)

Tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) can only be successfully implemented if a number of system characterization procedures and critical parameter measurements can be made accurately. These include: application of a wavelength/frequency scale to the signals recovered in time; measurement of the frequency dither applied to the laser; measurement of the relative phase between the laser power modulation and frequency modulation; determination of the background amplitude modulation for normalization purposes and measurement of required cross broadening coefficients for the host/target gas mixtures. Easy to implement, accurate and low-cost systems and procedures for achieving these are described and validated below. They were developed for two new approaches to TDLS measurements, viz the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) technique and the phasor decomposition (PD) method, but are equally applicable to all forms of TDLS. Following full system characterization using the new techniques, measurements of the absolute transmission function of the 1650.96 nm absorption line of methane over a wide range of concentration and pressure were made using the RAM technique. The close agreement with theoretical traces derived from HITRAN data validated the entire approach taken, including the system characterization procedures. In addition, measurements of a wide range of gas concentration and pressure were made by curve fitting theoretical traces to the measured transmission functions obtained using a variety of operating conditions. Again, the low errors confirmed the validity of the new methods and the system characterization/measurement procedures described here.
Nicotine, Lung and Cancer (2007)

The respiratory epithelium expresses the cholinergic system including nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). It was reported that normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC), which are the precursor for squamous cell carcinomas, and small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), which are the precursor for adenocarcinomas, have slightly different repertoires of nAChRs. Studies shown that nAChRs expressed on lung carcinoma or mesothelioma form a part of an autocrine-proliferative network facilitating the growth of neoplastic cells; others demonstrated that nicotine can promote the growth of colon, gastric, and lung cancers. Nicotine and structurally related carcinogens like NNK [4-(methylnitrosoamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] and NNN (N-nitrosonornicotine) could induce the proliferation of a variety of small cell lung carcinoma cell lines and endothelial cells and nicotine in non-neuronal tissues -including lung- induces the secretion of growth factors (bFGF, TGF-α, VEGF and PDGF), up regulation of the calpain family proteins, COX-2 and VEGFR-2, causing the eventual activation of Raf/MAPK kinase/ERK (Raf/MEK/ERK) pathway contributing to the growth and progression of tumors exposed to nicotine through tobacco smoke or cigarette substitutes. It has been demonstrated that nicotine promotes the growth of solid tumors in vivo, suggesting that might induce the progression of tumors already initiated. While tobacco carcinogens can initiate and promote tumorigenesis, the exposure to nicotine could confer a proliferative advantage to early tumors but there is no evidence that nicotine itself provokes cancer. This is supported by the findings that nicotine can prevent apoptosis induced by various agents - such as chemotherapeutic in NSCLC, conferring a survival advantage as well.
Equivalent thin film of a periodic metal grid (1989)

This paper establishes that any thin periodic metal grid on a plane boundary between two semi-infinite media, irradiated normally at any specified wavelength larger than its period, can be represented by an equivalent thin film. Explicit formulas for the parameters of this film are derived, and a numerical example of the equivalence is given.
Induction of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis in Normal Human Fibroblasts by Anthraquinone Isolated from <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> (Noni) Fruit (2005)

In previous studies we found that Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit extract up-regulated biosynthesis of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans in primary cultures of normal human fibroblasts. The objective of this study was to identify the active ingredients in Noni fruit extract. An active single compound having a type I collagen-stimulating effect was isolated and identified as 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass analysis. It was revealed that anthraquinone showed significantly increased elaboration of procollagen type I C-terminal peptide and glycosaminoglycans and reduced expression of the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-1 dose-dependently in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, in a clinical trial, a nano-emulsion containing anthraquinone predominantly increased the dermal type I procollagen in nude mouse skin. These results suggest that anthraquinone derived from Noni extract is a good candidate for use as a new anti-wrinkle agent due to its strong induction of biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix components.
A parallel-plate resistive-anode gaseous detector for X-ray imaging (2004)

A novel gaseous detector, based on parallel-plate gas amplification with a resistive anode and remote readout electrode, is described. The detector is significantly less prone to discharges than other gaseous wireless detectors and unique in its ability to achieve high gain at high counting rates. A local counting rate >5/spl times/10/sup 5/ counts/mm/sup 2/-s at a gas gain of up to 10/sup 5/ has been achieved in a 14/spl times/14 cm/sup 2/ area detector for diffraction applications. The detector radiation hardness is characterized by the anode accumulated charge >100 Coul/cm/sup 2/. The detector is sealed and its regassing period is estimated to be 5-10 yr. The operating characteristics of the new detector, its spatial resolution, and linearity are described and preliminary X-ray diffraction data are presented.
Contemporary Usage of Obstetric Magnesium Sulfate (2009)

Magnesium sulfate, a biologically potent compound, given sometimes in extraordinarily high doses, is among the most commonly used pharmaceuticals in American obstetric practice. Although most clinicians are in accord regarding its value for seizure prophylaxis in the setting of preeclampsia, such unanimity is not the case regarding its role in preterm labor. Credible scientific data indicate not only a lack of efficacy, but also toxicity to susceptible fetuses when magnesium sulfate is used in the high dosages found in tocolysis. In apparent contrast, three recent clinical trials, although individually inconclusive, provide data from which a very recent meta-analysis affirms a potential role for magnesium sulfate in prophylaxis against fetal neurologic injury. Comparing outcomes from these trials, with attention to dosage, relationships are revealed that unify observations previously regarded as conflicting: Magnesium sulfate indeed may have both neuroprotective and fetal toxic effects. The better, and safer, neuroprotection seems to occur at comparatively low antenatal doses (perhaps in a range between 4 g and 10.5 g), whereas increasing dosages exceed a "therapeutic window" whereby, as with most drugs, toxic sequelae begin to accrue.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Clinical Update (2006)

Tumors typically appear inhomogeneous in both computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with necroses and irregular borders and differ from benign adenomas by their low fat content. Hormonal analysis reveals evidence of steroid hormone secretion by the tumor in the majority of cases, even in seemingly hormonally inactive lesions. Histopathology is crucial for the diagnosis of malignancy and may also provide important prognostic information. In stages I-III open surgery by an expert surgeon aiming at an R0 resection is the treatment of choice. Local recurrence is frequent, particularly after violation of the tumor capsule. Surgery also plays a role in local tumor recurrence and metastatic disease. In patients not amenable to surgery, mitotane (alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs) remains the treatment of choice. Monitoring of drug levels (therapeutic range 14-20 mg/liter) is mandatory for optimum results. In advanced disease, the most promising therapeutic options (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin plus mitotane, and streptozotocin plus mitotane) are currently being compared in an international phase III trial (www.firm-act.org). Adjuvant treatment options after complete tumor removal (e.g. mitotane, radiotherapy) are urgently needed because postoperative disease-free survival at 5 yr is only around 30%, but options have still not been convincingly established. National registries, international cooperations, and trials provide important new structures for patients but also for researchers aiming at systematic and continuous progress in ACC. However, future advances in the management of ACC will mainly depend on a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis facilitating the use of modern cancer treatments (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
Effect of saturation caused by amplified spontaneousemission on semiconductor optical amplifier performance (1997)

The authors have investigated theoretically the effect of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) on the spatial distribution of the carrier density. Measures of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) performance, such as gain, saturation power and noise figure are derived. It is shown that the saturation due to the ASE strongly affects the SOA performance for device lengths > 500 µm. The results are compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement.
MC-GAN: Multi-conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Image Synthesis. (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a new method for generating an object image from text attributes on a desired location, when the base image is given. One step further to the existing studies on text-to-image generation mainly focusing on the object&apos;s appearance, the proposed method aims to generate an object image preserving the given background information, which is the first attempt in this field. To tackle the problem, we propose a multi-conditional GAN (MC-GAN) which controls both the object and background information jointly. As a core component of MC-GAN, we propose a synthesis block which disentangles the object and background information in the training stage. This block enables MC-GAN to generate a realistic object image with the desired background by controlling the amount of the background information from the given base image using the foreground information from the text attributes. From the experiments with Caltech-200 bird and Oxford-102 flower datasets, we show that our model is able to generate photo-realistic images with a resolution of 128 128.
Effect of Heat Treatment and Microstructure on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of a Precipitation Hardenable Stainless Steel (1979)

Custom 450 is a martensitic precipitation hardenable stainless steel. The strengthening mechanism during aging is attributed to precipitation of a very fine Laves phase. The precipitate was found to be relatively stable with respect to coarsening at aging temperatures above 811 K (1000°F). The aging reaction is accompanied by austenite reversion. The decrease in hardness and strength and increase in impact strength with increasing aging temperature and time when aging above 811 K are shown to be related to the increasing reverted austenite content of the alloy. Data are presented showing the effect of heat treatment on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The relationship of cracking to toughness and general corrosion resistance is discussed.
Characterization of a synchronous wave nonlinear transmission line (2011)

Many aspects of Non Linear Transmission Lines (NLTL's) make them attractive sources for High Power Microwave (HPM) systems. This paper describes a test bed that is being used to investigate synchronous wave NLTL operations. Analytical models and numerical simulations are used in design of the line and interpretation of results. Shock wave propagation is characterized and compared to theoretical predictions. Adjustment of the shock velocity is used to demonstrate the NLTL's tunability. Forward wave operation of the line has been fully characterized using fast shock velocities. In addition, backward wave operation has been observed when using slow shock velocities.
Physiological and Pharmacological Mechanisms through which the DPP-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Regulates Glycemia in Mice (2011)

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity improves glucose homeostasis through a mode of action related to the stabilization of the active forms of DPP-4-sensitive hormones such as the incretins that enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion. However, the DPP-4 enzyme is highly expressed on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells; hence, the role of intestinal vs. systemic DPP-4 remains unclear. To analyze mechanisms through which the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin regulates glycemia in mice, we administered low oral doses of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin that selectively reduced DPP-4 activity in the intestine. Glp1r(-/-) and Gipr(-/-) mice were studied and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling was blocked by an i.v. infusion of the corresponding receptor antagonist exendin (9-39). The role of the dipeptides His-Ala and Tyr-Ala as DPP-4-generated GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) degradation products was studied in vivo and in vitro on isolated islets. We demonstrate that very low doses of oral sitagliptin improve glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels with selective reduction of intestinal but not systemic DPP-4 activity. The glucoregulatory action of sitagliptin was associated with increased vagus nerve activity and was diminished in wild-type mice treated with the GLP-1R antagonist exendin (9-39) and in Glp1r(-/-) and Gipr(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the dipeptides liberated from GLP-1 (His-Ala) and GIP (Tyr-Ala) deteriorated glucose tolerance, reduced insulin, and increased portal glucagon levels. The predominant mechanism through which DPP-4 inhibitors regulate glycemia involves local inhibition of intestinal DPP-4 activity, activation of incretin receptors, reduced liberation of bioactive dipeptides, and activation of the gut-to-pancreas neural axis.