gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental bacterial adaptation to the zebrafish gut reveals a primary role for immigration (2018)

All animals live in intimate association with microorganisms that profoundly influence their health and development, yet the traits that allow microorganisms to establish and maintain host associations are not well understood. To date, most investigations aimed at identifying traits required for host association have focused on intrahost niches. Consequently, little is known about the relative contribution of extrahost factors such as environmental growth and survival and immigration into hosts from the external environment, as promoters of host association. To address this, we developed a tractable experimental evolution system that investigates both intra- and extrahost factors contributing to bacterial adaptation to the vertebrate gut. We passaged replicate lines of a zebrafish bacterial isolate, Aeromonas veronii, through populations of germ-free larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), each time using gut-associated Aeromonas populations to inoculate the aquatic environment of the next zebrafish population. We observed rapid increased adaptation to the host in all replicate lines. The initial adaptations present in early-evolved isolates did not increase intrahost fitness but rather enhanced both immigration from the environment and interhost transmission. Only in later-evolved isolates did we find evidence for intrahost-specific adaptations, as demonstrated by comparing their competitive fitness in the host genotype to which they evolved to that in a different genotype. Our results show how selection for bacterial transmission between hosts and their environment can shape bacterial-host association. This work illuminates the nature of selective forces present in host-microbe systems and reveals specific mechanisms of increased host association. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the entire host-microbe-environment system must be considered when identifying microbial traits that contribute to host adaptation.
Wide-field two-photon microscopy with temporal focusing and HiLo background rejection (2011)

Scanningless depth-resolved microscopy is achieved through spatial-temporal focusing and has been demonstrated previously. The advantage of this method is that a large area may be imaged without scanning resulting in higher throughput of the imaging system. Because it is a widefield technique, the optical sectioning effect is considerably poorer than with conventional spatial focusing two-photon microscopy. Here we propose wide-field two-photon microscopy based on spatio-temporal focusing and employing background rejection based on the HiLo microscope principle. We demonstrate the effects of applying HiLo microscopy to widefield temporally focused two-photon microscopy.
“No Condition is Permanent” (1983)

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Open loop control of a unity power factor, discontinuous conduction mode boost rectifier (2002)

The boost rectifier, when operated in discontinuous conduction mode and constant duty ratio, has a power factor less than unity, which approaches unity at the expense of high conversion ratios. The proposed control scheme corrects this problem by providing unity power factor, even for low conversion ratios, in an open loop fashion at constant switching frequency.
RAN Engine: Service-Oriented RAN Through Containerized Micro-Services (2021)

International audience
<i>APOE</i> ε4 Status and Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gridiron or the Battlefield (2012)

APOE ε4 carriers who experience traumatic brain injury are likely to have an increased risk of dementia, raising the question of whether APOE genotyping should be required for high school athletes or for prospective military personnel.
A survey on embedding programming logics in a theorem prover (2002)

Theorem provers were also called 'proof checkers' because that is what\nthey were in the beginning. They have grown powerful, however, capable\nin many cases to automatically produce complicated proofs. In particular,\nhigher order logic based theorem provers such as HOL and PVS became\npopular because the logic is well known and very expressive. They are\ngenerally considered to be potential platforms to embed a programming\nlogic for the purpose of formal verification. In this paper we investigate\na number of most commonly used methods of embedding programming\nlogics in such theorem provers and expose problems we discover. We will\nalso propose an alternative approach : hybrid embedding.
Observation of Betatron X-Ray Radiation in a Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Accelerator Driven with Picosecond Laser Pulses (2017)

We investigate a new regime for betatron x-ray emission that utilizes kilojoule-class picosecond lasers to drive wakes in plasmas. When such laser pulses with intensities of ∼5×10^{18} W/cm^{2} are focused into plasmas with electron densities of ∼1×10^{19} cm^{-3}, they undergo self-modulation and channeling, which accelerates electrons up to 200 MeV energies and causes those electrons to emit x rays. The measured x-ray spectra are fit with a synchrotron spectrum with a critical energy of 10-20 keV, and 2D particle-in-cell simulations were used to model the acceleration and radiation of the electrons in our experimental conditions.
Adenosine Inhibits Collagen and Total Protein Synthesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

-The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of exogenous, drug-induced and cAMP-adenosine pathway-derived adenosine on collagen synthesis by and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Confluent vascular SMCs were stimulated with 2.5% fetal calf serum in the presence and absence of adenosine receptor agonists [adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, N6-cyclopentyladenosine, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, 5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine, and 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamino adenosine], drugs that increase levels of endogenous adenosine [erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, dipyridamole, and iodotubericidin], and cAMP (increases adenosine by conversion to AMP and hence to adenosine via the cAMP-adenosine pathway). Adenosine receptor agonists inhibited fetal calf serum-induced collagen and total protein synthesis (as assessed by [3H]proline and [3H]leucine incorporation, respectively) with a relative potency profile consistent with the effects being mediated by adenosine A2B receptors. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, dipyridamole, iodotubericidin, and cAMP also inhibited collagen and total protein synthesis. The effects of 2-chloroadenosine, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, iodotubericidin, and cAMP on collagen and total protein synthesis were attenuated by KF17837 and 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (selective and nonselective A2 receptor antagonists, respectively) but not by 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (selective A1 receptor antagonist). These studies indicate that exogenous, drug-induced and cAMP-adenosine pathway-derived adenosine inhibit vascular SMC collagen synthesis and hypertrophy via A2B receptors. Thus, exogenous A2B receptor agonists and drugs that modulate endogenous adenosine levels may protect against vasoocclusive disorders by attenuating extracellular matrix synthesis by and cellular hypertrophy of vascular SMCs. Moreover, the cAMP-adenosine pathway may protect against vascular hypertrophy.
Enabling factor analysis on thousand-subject neuroimaging datasets (2016)

The scale of functional magnetic resonance image data is rapidly increasing as large multi-subject datasets are becoming widely available and high-resolution scanners are adopted. The inherent low-dimensionality of the information in this data has led neuroscientists to consider factor analysis methods to extract and analyze the underlying brain activity. In this work, we consider two recent multi-subject factor analysis methods: the Shared Response Model and the Hierarchical Topographic Factor Analysis. We perform analytical, algorithmic, and code optimization to enable multi-node parallel implementations to scale. Single-node improvements result in 99χ and 2062x speedups on the two methods, and enables the processing of larger datasets. Our distributed implementations show strong scaling of 3.3x and 5.5χ respectively with 20 nodes on real datasets. We demonstrate weak scaling on a synthetic dataset with 1024 subjects, equivalent in size to the biggest fMRI dataset collected until now, on up to 1024 nodes and 32,768 cores.
The Collagen-binding A-domains of Integrins α1β1 and α2β1Recognize the Same Specific Amino Acid Sequence, GFOGER, in Native (Triple-helical) Collagens (2000)

We have previously assigned an integrin alpha(2)beta(1)-recognition site in collagen I to the sequence, GFOGERGVEGPOGPA (O = Hyp), corresponding to residues 502-516 of the alpha(1)(I) chain and located in the fragment alpha(1)(I)CB3 (Knight, C. G., Morton, L. F., Onley, D. J., Peachey, A. R., Messent, A. J., Smethurst, P. A., Tuckwell, D. S., Farndale, R. W., and Barnes, M. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33287-33294). In this study, we show that recognition is entirely contained within the six-residue sequence GFOGER. This sequence, when in triple-helical conformation, readily supports alpha(2)beta(1)-dependent cell adhesion and exhibits divalent cation-dependent binding of isolated alpha(2)beta(1) and recombinant alpha(2) A-domain, being at least as active as the parent collagen. Replacement of E by D causes loss of recognition. The same sequence binds integrin alpha(1) A-domain and supports integrin alpha(1)beta(1)-mediated cell adhesion. Triple-helical GFOGER completely inhibits alpha(2) A-domain binding to collagens I and IV and alpha(2)beta(1)-dependent adhesion of platelets and HT 1080 cells to these collagens. It also fully inhibits alpha(1) A-domain binding to collagen I and strongly inhibits alpha(1)beta(1)-mediated adhesion of Rugli cells to this collagen but has little effect on either alpha1 A-domain binding or adhesion of Rugli cells to collagen IV. We conclude that the sequence GFOGER represents a high-affinity binding site in collagens I and IV for alpha(2)beta(1) and in collagen I for alpha(1)beta(1). Other high-affinity sites in collagen IV mediate its recognition of alpha(1)beta(1).
Introfiers, or Impregnation Accelerators<sup>1</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrofiers, or Impregnation Accelerators1Marc DarrinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1928, 20, 8, 801–804Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50224a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50224a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Beyond 3G (2007)

Beyond 3G is the official IEEE designation for the next stage of wireless technology that some people call 4G or fourth-generation radio. Over the years, every conceptual shift in wireless technology has been characterized as a generational change. Third generation includes wideband mobile multimedia networks and broadband mixed wireless systems. The mobile systems support variable data rates depending on demand and the level of mobility. Typically 144 kb/s is supported for full vehicular mobility and higher bandwidths for pedestrian levels of mobility. Switched packet radio techniques and wideband CDMA-like systems (as the physical channel is) rather than assigned physical channel schemes (referred to as circuit switched) are required to support this bandwidth-on-demand environment. There are two essential concepts beyond 3G. One of these is the provision of data transmission at rates of 100 Mb/s while mobile and 1 Gb/s while stationary. The other concept is that of pervasive networks where a handset supports many access technologies (e.g., cellular, UMTS, and WiFi) perhaps simultaneously and smoothly transitions between them
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel FtsZ‐targeted 3‐arylalkoxy‐2,6‐difluorobenzamides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents (2015)

Novel series of 3-O-arylalkylbenzamide and 3-O-arylalkyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their on-target activity and antibacterial activity. The results indicated that the 3-O-arylalkyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives possessed much better on-target activity and antibacterial activity than the 3-O-arylalkylbenzamide derivatives. Among them, 3-O-chlorobenzyl derivative 36 was the most effective in antibacterial activity (0.5, 4, and 8 μg/mL) against Bacillus subtilis ATCC9372, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PR, while 3-O-methylbenzyl derivative 41 only exhibited the most potent activity (2 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923.
Octreotide acetate (LAR) dose effect on plasma octreotide levels: Impact on neuroendocrine tumor management (2005)

3177 Background: Octreotide acetate (LAR) is commonly used for symptom control in carcinoid tumors. At doses of 20 or 30 mg, up to 40% of carcinoid patients require additional aqueous octreotide several times a week for symptom control. 20–40% of patients receiving LAR are given monthly doses higher than the current maximum recommended 30 mg dose. This implies that patients may need higher octreotide blood levels than 20 or 30mg LAR doses can provide. In vitro, octreotide acetate binds to the sst 2 receptor with an affinity (Kd, 50% receptor saturation) of 1x10-9 M (≈1,000 pg /ml) but higher (≈10,000 pg/ml) concentrations of octreotide are required for saturation. Aim: The current study determined the plasma octreotide levels in patients receiving 20, 30 or 60 mg/month of LAR and calculated the effect of weight BSA and BMI on drug levels. Methods: Thirty- seven patients from the www.Yahoo.com carcinoid group sent height and weight information and sent plasma and serum samples for octreotide levels, determined by specific and sensitive RIA. Samples were drawn immediately before the patient’s next dose of LAR. Patients were on 20mg (n=8), 30mg (n=19) or 60 mg/month (n=10) of LAR. Results: Serum and plasma octreotide levels in individuals were essentially identical (p= ns, ANOVA). Mean ± SD plasma octreotide levels for patients receiving 20, 30 or 60 mg/month LAR doses were 2,518 ±1,020, 5,241± 3,004 and 10,926 ± 5,530 pg/ml respectively. No adverse events were reported with patients receiving 60 mg/month LAR dose. Weight, BSA and BMI were inversely related to plasma octreotide levels. Conclusions: The clinical availability of a plasma octreotide assay may be useful to guide octreotide therapy in patients with poorly controlled symptoms or those with progressive tumor growth. Circulating octreotide levels in patients receiving 20 or 30 mg/month LAR doses are often inadequate to saturate sst 2. These individuals may require LAR doses of 60 mg/month to completely saturate sst 2 and optimize symptom or tumor control. The decision to increase LAR doses should be made with the help of plasma octreotide level measurements. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis
Structure−Activity Correlation in Titanium Single-Site Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Containing Mixed Cyclopentadienyl/Aryloxide Ligation (2007)

In this work, we report the synthesis of eighteen titanium cyclopentadienyl aryloxide complexes and their propagation rate constants for 1-hexene polymerization. A correlation between kp values and the underlying catalyst structures is developed using DFT-computed ligand cone angles and ion pair separation energies as structural and electronic descriptors. The correlation takes the form of an Arrhenius-like relationship where the pre-exponential factor is correlated to the ligand cone angles and the activation energy term is correlated to the ion pair separation energies. This finding is consistent with the idea that the ability of the monomer to access the metal center is a key factor affecting the reaction rate.
An Algorithm for LBS-based Schedule Recommendation with Time Constraint (2015)

Recently, Point of Interest Recommendation is widely used in LBS navigation systems. It makes use of the real-time GPS locations of users as well as their preferences to recommend POIs that mostly match these preferences and the paths leading to the POIs. Previous studies are focused on the following two issues: (1) Similarity measurement between POIs and the user preferences, and (2) Optimum path selection from the user location to the recommended POIs. However in most scenarios, users need not only some isolated POIs, but a combination of several POIs that covers the user preferences as well as the paths connecting them. Essentially, it is the schedule planning problem. Schedule planning is usually with strict time limits, and equivalent to Generalized Traveling Sales Man Problem (GTSP) which was proved a NP-hard problem. This imposes great challenge to its solution. In this paper, we formalize the problem of Schedule Planning with strict Time Constraint (SPwTC). Especially, we wrap the static paths between POIs into route activities, thus a globally unified model of user activity can be defined. Based on Genetic Algorithm, we propose the schedule recommendation algorithm to generate candidate route plans. Subsequently, we propose the recommendation function for sorting the recommended schedule plans so as to make the recommended result more in line with user expectation. At the end of this paper, we verify the efficiency of the algorithm as well as its rationality of the recommended result with real road network data.
Reaction of dehydrodithizone with benzyne and diphenylcyclopropenethione. Isolation of N-(1,2-diphenyldiazonia)-1,3-benzothiazole-2-aminate and the formation of 2-phenylazo-4,6,7-triphenyl-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazepine-5-thione (1981)

Dehydrodithizone adds benzyne to yield the title compound (7); diphenylcyclopropenethione, on the other hand, gave the thiadiazepine (9). Several other cycloadducts of dehydrodithizone are also described.
VARIATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSINOLATES IN 42 CULTIVARS OF BRASSICA OLERACEA VEGETABLE CROPS (2010)

Brassica vegetables are known to contain glucosinolates that are precursors for bioactive compounds like isothiocyanates that have been shown to play an important role in human health. This study reports the results of a screening of 11 Brassica oleracea crops consisting of 42 cultivars (6 white cabbage, 5 red cabbage, 7 Brussels sprouts, 2 kale, 1 tronchuda, 3 oxheart cabbage, 2 kohlrabi, 6 broccoli, 5 cauliflower, 3 romanesco and 2 Savoy cabbage). All these cultivars were cultivated under the same conditions on a single location in the same season. The variation found in the level of glucosinolates is expected to be mainly due to the genetic variation. A large variation was observed in the level and profile of glucosinolates. Total glucosinolates varied from 14 to 625 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoraphanin, the precursor of the isothiocyanate sulforophane, varied from 0 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoraphanin varied from 27 to 141 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Glucoiberin that is structurally related to glucoraphanin varied from 6 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weight. Within broccoli glucoiberin varied from 21 to 397 µmol/100 g fresh weight
Two Liters of Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Lavage Solution Versus Sodium Phosphate as Bowel Cleansing Regimen for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial (2002)

The effectiveness and patient tolerance of the 2-l PEG-EL solution is comparable with that of oral NaP. The 2-l PEG-EL solution is therefore an effective alternative as a bowel-cleansing agent for colonoscopy.
Synthesis of phiX174 viral DNA in vitro depends on phiX replicative form DNA. (1977)

A cell-free system that catalyzes phiX174 replicative form I (supercoiled circular duplex, RFI)-dependent phiX174 DNA synthesis has been isolated from Escherichia coli infected with phiX174 phage. The products formed with such preparations are viral strands as judged by hybridization to poly(U,G) followed by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl. This phiX174 DNA-synthesizing involves formation of DNA-protein complexes that sediment in neutral sucrose with S values of 50, 60-70, and higher. The 50S complex contained a rolling-circle replicative intermediate DNA with an extended tail of single-stranded viral DNA. The DNA contained in the 60-70S region was a mixture of circular and linear single-stranded DNA, RFI, and RFII with an extended single-stranded tail. Such complexes have been isolated during in vivo progeny phiX174 DNA synthesis [Fujisawa, H. & Hayashi, M. (1976) J. Vriol. 19,409]. In vitro, maximal phiX174 DNA synthesis was shown to require the genetically defined proteins E. coli dna B, dna C, dna G, dna Z, rep. phiX174 gene A product, and other phiX174 coded proteins. The synthesis of phiX174 DNA is ATP-dependent and is inhibited by nalidixic acid and novobiocin but is resistant to rifampicin.
Color Sonification for the Visually Impaired (2013)

We present a software tool developed to help the visually impaired to perceive characteristics of the environment related to color and luminosity. The tool converts color information extracted from images into sound, where the images can be still images, or video frames from live or stored video. The color information is extracted from the hue, saturation and value attributes, which are mapped into audio attributes directly related to the perception of pitch, timbre and loudness. The tool can be used to gather information about the range of colors present in the images, presence or absence of light sources as well the location and shape of the objects in the images. It is useful for blind people, but it has also applications in other areas such as chemistry and arts.
Piezoelectric thin film platform for ultrasound transducer arrays (2011)

A piezoelectric thin film MEMs technology platform has been developed that enables processing of miniaturized ultrasound transducer arrays with only minimum 2 mask steps. The thin film ultrasound transducer arrays are operating in the frequency range of > 50 kHz up to > 10 MHz. A new class of ultrasound sensors for e.g. proximity sensing and imaging has been developed.