gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using software protocols to mask CAN bus insecurities (1998)

The CAN bus was originally developed by Bosch for reliable low cost serial communication in vehicles, basically to reduce wiring costs. It has now become the standard bus used in cars and trucks and is widely used as a control system bus within products and systems. Unfortunately there is an inherent insecurity in the CAN bus specification which can cause a duplicate sending of messages, this problem only occurs if the last bit of a message is corrupted. Our experience in designing a control system for a tin can making machine has proved beyond all doubt that the problem exists. This machine has a 16 kHz 20000 Amp welder right at its centre with 8 computer nodes surrounding it, connected via the CAN bus. The article describes how the use of the protocol stack presented can be used to mask out duplicated messages and so avoid complexity in the control system protocols and software. (5 pages)
Absolute distance measurements using FTPSI with a widely tunable IR laser (2002)

Fourier transform phase-shifting interferometry is further developed and applied to the absolute measurement of interferometer cavities. Using a widely tunable IR laser diode initially developed for telecom applications along with specific interferometer cavities, I apply this new capability to the measurement of absolute cavity lengths, where a 1-(sigma) precision of 12.6 ppb is demonstrated and the technique was then used to determinate the absolute index and thickness of a transparent parallel plate.
Effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on the growth and yield of crop plants (1983)

This paper reviews growth chamber, greenhouse, and field studies on the effects of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B. between 280 and 320 nm) radiation on agricultural crop plants. Our understanding of the physiological effects of UV‐B radiation comes primarily from growth chamber studies, where UV‐B is artificially supplied via filtered lamps. Both photosystems I and II, as well as carboxylating enzymes, are sensitive to UV‐B radiation. Ultraviolet‐B radiation also affects stomatal resistance, chlorophyll concentration, soluble leaf proteins, lipids, and carbohydrate pools. In general, the effects of UV‐B radiation are accentuated by the low levels of visible radiation typically found inside growth chambers. Ultraviolet‐B radiation has also been shown to affect anatomical and morphological plant characteristics. Commonly observed UV‐B induced changes include plant stunting, reductions in leaf area and total biomass, and alterations in the pattern of biomass partitioning into various plant organs. In sensitive plants, evidence of cell and tissue damage often appears on the upper leaf epidermis as bronzing, glazing, and chlorosis. Epidermal transmission in the UV region decreases in irradiated leaves. This decrease is primarily associated with a stimulation in flavonoid biosynthesis and is thought to be a protective, screening response to the deleterious effects of UV‐B. A considerable degree of variability exists in sensitivity to UV‐B radiation between different species. Approximately 30% of the species tested were resistant, another 20% were extremely sensitive, and the remainder were of intermediate sensitivity, in terms of reductions in total dry weight. In addition to this sizable interspecific variability, there appears to be a similarly wide intraspecific variability in UV‐B response. The effects of UV‐B radiation on crop yield have only been examined in a limited number of field studies, with ambient levels of UV‐B radiation being supplemented with fluorescent sun lamps. Due to various deficiencies, all these field experiments to date have only limited utility for assessing the potential impact of enhanced levels of UV‐B on crop productivity.
New One-Pot Preparation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Esters from Carbonyl Compounds (1988)

A series of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters have been prepared by the reaction of carbonyl compounds with alkoxy acetylide anions generated in situ from the readily available α-chloroacetaldehyde dialkyl acetals in the presence of lithium diisopropylamide, followed by aqueous acidic work-up.
Mollusques glanés à Achenheim dans les alluvions rhénanes et vosgiennes comparés à la faune malacologique récoltée par Andreae à Hangenbieten (1963)

Les auteurs décrivent des Mollusques des aluvions rhénanes et vosgiennes d'Achenheim et les comparent à ceux récoltés par Andreae à Hangenbieten. Dans les grandes lignes, les résultats des récoltes malacologiques opérées à Achenheim dans les différents affleurements des dépôts fluviatiles du Quaternaire ancien, se recouvrent avec ceux obtenus il y a 80 ans par Andreae dans les niveaux correspondants de la coupe de Hangenbieten.
New authentication protocol for IP CAS of IPTV (2010)

One of greatest achievement in television technology is Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). It is an emerging technology that defines mechanisms to deliver digital television over IP network. The security is the most important issue that IPTV service and content providers concern about it. Without it, not only paying subscribers can access content of IPTV but also illegal subscribers. Consequently, the revenues for IPTV industries will drop significantly. In this paper our discussion focused on a technique that used for service protection which is Internet protocol Conditional Access System (IP CAS). A discussion of how this technique is implemented. Moreover, we proposed new authentication protocol to improve security and reduce drawback of existing IP CAS. The main motivation to write this paper is to suggest a solution a weakness in IP CAS that its security relies in one key that is not changing for long period of time.
Egg Yolk Antibody (Ig Y) Stability in Aqueous Solution with High Sugar Concentrations (1994)

ABSTRACT Effect of sugars on the stabilization of hen egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) under various processing conditions was investigated. By adding 30–50% (w/v) sucrose or invert sugar to an IgY solution heat denaturation of the IgY antibody at 75–80°C was markedly suppressed. A high concentration of sugar was also effective to retain the IgY activity under acidic conditions of pH 3 or high pressure of 5,000 kg/cm 2 at 60°C. Addition of high concentrations of sucrose may be a simple means to stabilize IgY for processing and preservation.
Sputter-Deposited CdS Films with High Photoconductivity through Film Thickness (1972)

Photoconductive films of CdS have been sputter deposited by using mixtures of Ar–H2S as the sputtering gas in a diode system. Both rf and dc sputtering yield deposition rates of about 1 μm/h on substrates maintained above 200°C. Dark resistivities in excess of 107 Ω cm have been obtained with decreases of 5 orders occurring in the resistance when illuminated with a tungsten light source of approximately 0.5 W/cm2. As deposited, the CdS films have displayed photoconductive gain and also have much shorter decay times than films which are activated after deposition. Adherence has been excellent on suitably cleaned substrates and films in device structures have tolerated tensile strains in excess of 10−3 without adherence failure. No aging or electrode migration has been observed.
Mortality assessment in intensive care units via adverse events using artificial neural networks (2005)

Better prognostic models can be achieved by adopting low cost and real-time intermediate outcomes rather than static data.
ESSE: Efficient Secure Session Establishment for Internet-Integrated Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

The dramatically increasing number of connected things based on Internet protocol is leading to a new concept called the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet-integrated wireless sensor network has recently become one of the most important service targets in IoT field. To provide secure IoT services, the IETF proposed using Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) as a de facto security protocol. In this paper, we examine problems that can happen when applying the DTLS protocol to the IoT, which comprises constrained devices and constrained networks. To solve the problems at hand, we separate the DTLS protocol into a handshake phase (i.e., establishment phase) and an encryption phase (i.e., transmission phase). Our approach enhances the performance of both device and network by using a way to delegate the DTLS handshake phase. The proposed scheme supports secure end-to-end communication despite using delegation.
Synthesis of hover autopilots for rotary-wing VTOL aircraft (1972)

The practical situation is considered where imperfect information on only a few rotor and fuselage state variables is available. Filters are designed to estimate all the state variables from noisy measurements of fuselage pitch/roll angles and from noisy measurements of both fuselage and rotor pitch/roll angles. The mean square response of the vehicle to a very gusty, random wind is computed using various filter/controllers and is found to be quite satisfactory although, of course, not so good as when one has perfect information (idealized case). The second part of the report considers precision hover over a point on the ground. A vehicle model without rotor dynamics is used and feedback signals in position and integral of position error are added. The mean square response of the vehicle to a very gusty, random wind is computed, assuming perfect information feedback, and is found to be excellent. The integral error feedback gives zero position error for a steady wind, and smaller position error for a random wind.
ChemInform Abstract: Nematic Liquid Crystals for Active Matrix Displays: Molecular Design and Synthesis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probabilistic structured query methods (2003)

Structured methods for query term replacement rely on separate estimates of term tes of replacement probabilities. Statistically significantfrequency and document frequency to compute a weight for each query term. This paper reviews prior work on structured query techniques and introduces three new variants that leverage estima improvements in retrieval effectiveness are demonstrated for cross-language retrieval and for retrieval based on optical character recognition when replacement probabilities are used to estimate both term frequency and document frequency.
Reading Text in the Wild with Convolutional Neural Networks (2014)

In this work we present an end-to-end system for text spotting -- localising and recognising text in natural scene images -- and text based image retrieval. This system is based on a region proposal mechanism for detection and deep convolutional neural networks for recognition. Our pipeline uses a novel combination of complementary proposal generation techniques to ensure high recall, and a fast subsequent filtering stage for improving precision. For the recognition and ranking of proposals, we train very large convolutional neural networks to perform word recognition on the whole proposal region at the same time, departing from the character classifier based systems of the past. These networks are trained solely on data produced by a synthetic text generation engine, requiring no human labelled data. Analysing the stages of our pipeline, we show state-of-the-art performance throughout. We perform rigorous experiments across a number of standard end-to-end text spotting benchmarks and text-based image retrieval datasets, showing a large improvement over all previous methods. Finally, we demonstrate a real-world application of our text spotting system to allow thousands of hours of news footage to be instantly searchable via a text query.
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF IMITATED SYNGAS IN A DUAL-FUEL COMPRESSION IGNITION DIESEL ENGINE (2015)

Operating engines fueled by syngas and diesel is an available renewable option to avert concerns related to the supply of petroleum and the environment. But the use of syngas in a compression ignition (CI) diesel engine leads to a reduction in the power output because of its lower heating value compared with the 100% diesel mode. Furthermore, it is not easy to evaluate the performance of real syngas due to the varying gas content when inducted into a CI diesel engine. In this study, a single-cylinder, two-stroke, naturally aspirated CI diesel engine was operated with imitated syngas as the primary fuel in dual-fuel mode. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of syngas composition on the performance of a dual-fuel engine running at different engine speeds (1200, 2000, 3000 rpm). The impact of engine speed on the performance of syngas in the dual-fuel CI diesel engine was examined at various diesel replacement ratios (DR%). Composition C showed the best results for engine performance compared to other compositions.
Wavelength independent, optical damage immune <i>Z</i>-propagation LiNbO3 waveguide polarization converter (1985)

A waveguide electro-optic TE-TM mode converter is demonstrated. The polarization conversion is independent of the operating wavelength and is compatible with a nontunable laser source. A high extinction ratio of more than 25 dB is reported. The device is fabricated on an X-cut, Z-propagation, Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 waveguide and is immune to the optical damage problem which normally limits the optical power handling capability of LiNbO3 devices.
Par4 is required for platelet thrombus propagation but not fibrin generation in a mouse model of thrombosis (2006)

Thrombin, a central mediator of hemostasis and thrombosis, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and is a potent platelet activator. Activated platelets provide a surface for assembly of the tenase and prothrombinase complexes required for thrombin generation. The role of thrombin-induced platelet activation in platelet accumulation and its interplay with fibrin deposition during thrombus assembly has not been fully defined. We studied these processes during laser-induced thrombus formation by using real-time digital fluorescence microscopy in mice lacking protease-activated receptor-4 (Par4), which is necessary for thrombin responsiveness in mouse platelets. Juxtamural platelet accumulation immediately after laser injury was not different in wild-type and Par4(-/-) mice. However, subsequent growth of platelet thrombi was markedly diminished in Par4(-/-) mice. At the time of maximal thrombus size in wild type, platelet accumulation was more than 10-fold higher in wild type than in Par4(-/-) mice. P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation, was reduced and delayed in Par4(-/-) thrombi. In contrast to platelet activation and accumulation, the rate and amount of fibrin deposition, predominantly intramural and juxtamural in this model, were indistinguishable in Par4(-/-) and wild-type mice. These results suggest that platelet activation by thrombin is necessary for normal propagation of a platelet thrombus at a distance from the injured vessel wall and hence for normal thrombus growth. However, platelet activation by thrombin is unnecessary for initial and limited accumulation of platelets at or near the vessel wall, and this limited accumulation of platelets and/or platelet-independent mechanism(s) of thrombin generation are sufficient for normal fibrin deposition in this model.
Perturbed and spontaneous regional cerebral blood flow responses to changes in blood pressure after high-level spinal cord injury: the effect of midodrine (2014)

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) above the T6 spinal segment suffer from orthostatic intolerance. How cerebral blood flow (CBF) responds to orthostatic challenges in SCI is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how interventions meant to improve orthostatic tolerance in SCI influence CBF. This study aimed to examine 1) the acute regional CBF responses to rapid changes in blood pressure (BP) during orthostatic stress in individuals with SCI and able-bodied (AB) individuals; and 2) the effect of midodrine (alpha1-agonist) on orthostatic tolerance and CBF regulation in SCI. Ten individuals with SCI >T6, and 10 age- and sex-matched AB controls had beat-by-beat BP and middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, PCAv, respectively) recorded during a progressive tilt-test to quantify the acute CBF response and orthostatic tolerance. Dynamic MCAv and PCAv to BP relationships were evaluated continuously in the time domain and frequency domain (via transfer function analysis). The SCI group was tested again after administration of 10 mg midodrine to elevate BP. Coherence (i.e., linearity) was elevated in SCI between BP-MCAv and BP-PCAv by 35% and 22%, respectively, compared with AB, whereas SCI BP-PCAv gain (i.e., magnitudinal relationship) was reduced 30% compared with AB (all P < 0.05). The acute (i.e., 0-30 s after tilt) MCAv and PCAv responses were similar between groups. In individuals with SCI, midodrine led to improved PCAv responses 30-60 s following tilt (10 ± 3% vs. 4 ± 2% decline; P < 0.05), and a 59% improvement in orthostatic tolerance (P < 0.01). The vertebrobasilar region may be particularly susceptible to hypoperfusion in SCI, leading to increased orthostatic intolerance.
Residue Number Systems: A New Paradigm to Datapath Optimization for Low-Power and High-Performance Digital Signal Processing Applications (2015)

Residue Number System (RNS) is a non-weighted number system which was proposed by Garner back in 1959 to achieve fast implementation of addition, subtraction and multiplication operations in special-purpose computations. Unfortunately, RNS did not turn out as a popular alternative to two?s complement number system in those days. The rigidity of instruction set architectures of the market-dominant computers and microprocessors then has been the main barrier to sustain the development of RNS-based applications. In recent years, technological advancement in semiconductor technology has revived the interests to reconsider RNS for application-specific computing. There are at least two unique motivations which make RNS computations more attractive and applicable in modern digital signal processing applications. Firstly, the modular and distributive properties of RNS are used to achieve performance improvements especially in the emerging distributed and ubiquitous computing platforms such as cloud, wireless ad hoc networks, and applications which require tolerance against soft error. Secondly, energy efficiency becomes a key driver in the continual densification of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital integrated circuits. The high degree of computational parallelism in RNS offers new degree of freedom to optimize energy performance, particularly for very long word length arithmetic such as those involved in the hardware implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Our aim in this paper is to show this revolution by discussing interesting development in RNS and foster the innovative use of RNS for more applications. Different applications of RNS are investigated to demonstrate how this unconventional number system can be leveraged to benefit their implementation.
Lithium and Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics: Neuroplasticity via Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β, β-Catenin, and Neurotrophin Cascades (2009)

Mood disorders are not merely attributed to the functional defect of neurotransmission, but also are due to the structural impairment of neuroplasticity. Chronic stress decreases neurotrophin levels, precipitating or exacerbating depression; conversely, antidepressants increase expression of various neurotrophins (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor), thereby blocking or reversing structural and functional pathologies via promoting neurogenesis. Since the worldwide approval of lithium therapy in 1970, lithium has been used for its anti-manic, antidepressant, and anti-suicidal effects, yet the therapeutic mechanisms at the cellular level remain not-fully defined. During the last five years, multiple lines of evidence have shown that the mood stabilization and neurogenesis by lithium are due to the lithium-induced inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), allowing accumulation of beta-catenin and beta-catenin-dependent gene transcriptional events. Altered levels of GSK-3beta and beta-catenin are associated with various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, while various classical neuropsychiatric drugs inhibit GSK-3beta and up-regulate beta-catenin expression. In addition, evidence has emerged that insulin-like growth factor-I enhances antidepression, anti-anxiety, memory, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis; antidepressants up-regulate expression of insulin-like growth factor-I, while insulin-like growth factor-I up-regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and its receptor TrkB level, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced synaptic protein levels. More importantly, physical exercise and healthy diet raise transport of peripheral circulating insulin-like growth factor I into the brain, reinforcing the expression of neurotrophins (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and the strength of cell survival signalings (e.g., phosphoinositide 3-kinase / Akt / GSK-3beta pathway). This review will focus on the rapidly advancing new trends in the last five years about lithium, GSK-3beta/beta-catenin, and neurotrophin cascades.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy (2011)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00340314.
Atomic broadcast in asynchronous crash-recovery distributed systems (2002)

Atomic broadcast is a fundamental problem of distributed systems: it states that messages must be delivered in the same order to their destination processes. This paper describes a solution to this problem in asynchronous distributed systems in which processes can crash and recover. A consensus-based solution to atomic broadcast problem has been designed by Chandra and Toueg (1996) for asynchronous distributed systems where crashed processes do nor recover. Although our solution is based on different algorithmic principles, it follows the same approach: it transforms any consensus protocol suited to the crash-recovery model into an atomic broadcast protocol suited to the same model. We show that atomic broadcast can be implemented without requiring any additional log operations in excess of those required by the consensus. The paper also discusses how additional log operations can improve the protocol in terms of faster recovery and better throughput.
Poly-phase sigma-delta modulation (1997)

A new circuit is described for the implementation of analog sigma-delta modulation. It is based upon the use of a poly-phase sampler with the aim of obtaining high over-sampling ratios at low clock frequencies. A detailed analysis of second-order systems is made to predict its performance. The basic modeling comprises the incorporation of sampling noise within limit cycle oscillations of the modulator. It is shown that the polyphase sigma-delta modulator can be conceived as an internally sampled asynchronous sigma-delta modulator. The theoretical model presupposes a low limit cycle frequency as compared with the effective sampling frequency. In spite of the fact that this condition is not met in the extreme of conventional single-phase sigma-delta modulation, the theoretical result obtained for this special case is close to the result obtained from the conventional sampled data model. Poly-phase sigma-delta modulation may therefore be regarded as a generalization of conventional single-phase sigma-delta modulation. The results of the theory are illustrated by simulation results of a practical design example.