gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unpaired High-Resolution and Scalable Style Transfer Using Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

Neural networks have proven their capabilities by outperforming many other approaches on regression or classification tasks on various kinds of data. Other astonishing results have been achieved using neural nets as data generators, especially in settings of generative adversarial networks (GANs). One special application is the field of image domain translations. Here, the goal is to take an image with a certain style (e.g. a photography) and transform it into another one (e.g. a painting). If such a task is performed for unpaired training examples, the corresponding GAN setting is complex, the neural networks are large, and this leads to a high peak memory consumption during, both, training and evaluation phase. This sets a limit to the highest processable image size. We address this issue by the idea of not processing the whole image at once, but to train and evaluate the domain translation on the level of overlapping image subsamples. This new approach not only enables us to translate high-resolution images that otherwise cannot be processed by the neural network at once, but also allows us to work with comparably small neural networks and with limited hardware resources. Additionally, the number of images required for the training process is significantly reduced. We present high-quality results on images with a total resolution of up to over 50 megapixels and emonstrate that our method helps to preserve local image details while it also keeps global consistency.
Updated results of the BEACON CRC safety lead-in: Encorafenib (ENCO) + binimetinib (BINI) + cetuximab (CETUX) for BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2019)

688 Background: BRAF V600E mutation occurs in 10%-15% of patients (pts) with mCRC and confers a poor prognosis. After first-line therapy, standard second-line therapies provide limited benefit, with objective response rates (ORRs) < 10%, and overall survival (OS) of 46 months (mo). BEACON CRC (NCT02928224) is a 3-arm phase 3 trial of triplet therapy with the BRAF inhibitor ENCO + MEK inhibitor BINI + antiEGFR antibody CETUX vs ENCO + CETUX vs a control arm (irinotecan/FOLFIRI + CETUX) in pts with BRAF V600E mCRC in the second or third-line setting. A safety lead-in (SLI) of the triplet therapy was conducted in 30 pts prior to initiation of the randomized part of the trial. Previously reported confirmed ORR in 29 pts with BRAF V600E mCRC was 48% and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.0 mo (Van Cutsem E, et al. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:O-027). Here we present updated safety and efficacy results including mature OS. Methods: All pts in the SLI received ENCO 300 mg once daily + BINI 45 mg twice daily + CETUX standard weekly dose. Assessments included efficacy (ORR, duration of response, time to response, PFS, and OS), safety, and tolerability. Results: Among 30 pts treated, 1 had a BRAF non-V600E mutation and is not included in the efficacy analyses. At data cutoff, the median follow-up time for survival was 18.2 mo and median exposure was 7.8 mo (range 0.521.4 mo). The confirmed ORR and median PFS remain unchanged from the previous report (ORR, 48% [95%CI, 29.467.5]; PFS, 8.0 mo [95% CI, 5.69.3 mo]). Mature median OS is 15.3 mo (95% CI, 9.6 monot reached). The triplet continues to be well-tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue (13%), anemia, increases in creatine phosphokinase and/or aspartate aminotransferase, and urinary tract infections (each 10%). The rate of grade 3/4 skin toxicities continues to be lower than generally observed with CETUX in mCRC. Conclusions: With longer follow-up, triplet therapy with ENCO + BINI + CETUX continues to be well tolerated. Median PFS and now mature median OS are substantially improved over historical data for current standard-of-care options. Clinical trial information: NCT02928224.
Charformer: Fast Character Transformers via Gradient-based Subword Tokenization (2021)

State-of-the-art models in natural language processing rely on separate rigid subword tokenization algorithms, which limit their generalization ability and adaptation to new settings. In this paper, we propose a new model inductive bias that learns a subword tokenization end-to-end as part of the model. To this end, we introduce a soft gradient-based subword tokenization module (GBST) that automatically learns latent subword representations from characters in a data-driven fashion. Concretely, GBST enumerates candidate subword blocks and learns to score them in a position-wise fashion using a block scoring network. We additionally introduce Charformer, a deep Transformer model that integrates GBST and operates on the byte level. Via extensive experiments on English GLUE, multilingual, and noisy text datasets, we show that Charformer outperforms a series of competitive byte-level baselines while generally performing on par and sometimes outperforming subword-based models. Additionally, Charformer is fast, improving the speed of both vanilla byte-level and subword-level Transformers by 28%-100% while maintaining competitive quality. We believe this work paves the way for highly performant token-free models that are trained completely end-to-end.
The effects of nitrous oxide on behavior and physiological parameters during conscious sedation with a moderate dose of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), peripheral oxygen saturation (pO2), expired CO2 (CO2), and behavior (using two scales) comparing nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O) with oxygen (O2) alone in 20 children (mean age 45 +/- 5.1 months) sedated with chloral hydrate (CH) and hydroxyzine in a double-blind crossover design. Administration of CH (40 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg) was held constant for each patient visit; however, N2O (50%) was administered during one visit and O2 (100%) at the other in a randomly determined manner. Physiologic and behavioral parameters were collected during eight specific procedural events (e.g., administration of local anesthesia). Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. There was no statistically significant difference in any physiologic or behavioral parameter as a function of inhalation agent. However, significant differences were found for certain physiological parameters (i.e., HR [F = 5.41, P < 0.001], pO2 [F = 6.04, P < 0.001], and CO2 [F = 2.33, P < 0.027]) and all behavioral measures (% crying [F = 2.82, P < 0.008], % quiet [F = 5.38, P < 0.001], % movement [F = 3.88, P < 0.001], and % struggle [F = 2.83, P < 0.007]) of one scale (Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale [OSUBRS]) as a function of procedural events. Although no statistically significant differences were attributable to inhalation agent, evidence suggests that N2O resulted in less crying and struggling and more quiet behaviors than O2. Significant correlations existed between sub-categories of the two behavioral rating scales, suggesting some association between the scales. One may conclude from the results of this study that moderate doses of CH and hydroxyzine in combination with nitrous oxide are not associated with any significant potentiation effects on physiologic parameters compared with the same oral agents with oxygen alone. Certain procedural events (e.g., administration of local anesthesia) do result in patient responses that affect specific behaviors and physiology. Although the effects of N2O may not be statistically significant, generally it produces an attenuation in physiological and behavioral responses as measured under the conditions of this study.
Almost Orthogonal Linear Codes are Locally Testable (2005)

A code is said to be locally testable if an algorithm can distinguish between a codeword and a vector being essentially far from the code using a number of queries that is independent of the code's length. The question of characterizing codes that are locally testable is highly complex. In this work we provide a sufficient condition for linear codes to be locally testable. Our condition is based on the weight distribution (spectrum) of the code and of its dual. Codes of (large) length n and minimum distance n/2 - /spl Theta/(/spl radic/n) have size which is at most polynomial in n. We call such codes almost-orthogonal. We use our condition to show that almost-orthogonal codes are locally testable, and, moreover, their dual codes can be spanned by words of constant weights (weight of a codeword refers to the number of its non-zero coordinates). Dual-BCH(n, t) codes are generalizations of the well studied Hadamard codes (t = 1 is Hadamard). Alon et al. (2003) raised the question whether Dual-BCH(n, t) codes are locally testable for constant t. As these codes are known to be almost-orthogonal, we solve this question. We further show that BCH(n, t) code is spanned by its almost shortest words, that is by codewords of weight at most 2t + 2, while the minimum weight is 2t + 1. Our results can be straightforwardly extended to Goppa codes and trace subcodes of algebraic-geometric codes.
A GPS receiver with synthesized local oscillator (2003)

The authors describe an IC design that includes on one chip the RF amplifier, mixer, IF amplifier, VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator), frequency divider, phase/frequency detector, *2 frequency multiplier, and power regulation functions for a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The GPS L-band frequency is amplified and then downconverted to an IF near 60 MHz. A common-emitter amplifier is designed for low noise, stable gain, and a 50- Omega input match. A four-quadrant mixer is used for the downconversion, and the IF amplifier drives a 50- Omega output. The receiver chip downconverts the low-level GPS signals with conversion gain of about 50 dB while processing high-level digital signals. The total downconversion gain was measured to be greater than 45 dB. Low phase noise in the GPS signal is required for the receiver system; measured phase noise at the IF output is about -60 dBc at 10 Hz-from the carrier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asynchronous video interviews vs. face-to-face interviews for communication skill measurement: a systematic study (2016)

Communication skill is an important social variable in em- ployment interviews. As recent trends point to, increasingly asynchronous or interface-based video interviews are becom- ing popular. Also getting increasing interest is automatic hiring analysis, of which automatic communication skill pre- diction is one such task. In this context, a research gap that exists and which our paper addresses is â€oeAre there any differences in perception of communication skill and the accuracy of automatic prediction of say classes of communicators (e.g. those below average) when we compare interface-based and face-to-face interviewsâ€❝. To this end, we have collected a set of 106 interview videos from graduate students in both the settings i.e., interface-based and face-to-face. We observe that perception of behavior of participants in interface-based (when no person is involved) vs. face-to-face (when inter- viewer is involved) according to the external naive observers is slightly different. In this paper, we present an automatic system to predict the communication skill of a person in interface-based and face-to-face interviews by automatically extracting several low level features based on audio, visual and lexical behavior of the participants and using Machine Learning algorithms like Linear Regression, Support Vec- tor Machine (SVM) and Logistic Regression. We also make an extensive study of the verbal behavior of the participant when the spoken response is obtained from manual tran- scriptions and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tool. Our best automatic prediction results achieve an accuracy of 80% in interface-based and 83% in face-to-face setting.
A Survey on Image Hashing for Image Authentication (2010)

The traditional cryptographic hash functions are sensitive to even one-bit difference of the input message. While multimedia data always undergo compression or other signal processing operations, which lead to the unsuitability of multimedia authentication using cryptographic hash. The image hashing has emerged recently which captures visual essentials for robust image authentication. In this paper, we give a comprehensive survey of image hashing. We present an overview of various image hashing schemes and discuss their advantages and limitations in terms of security, robustness, and discrimination under different types of operations on the image.
CMOS RF amplifier and mixer circuits utilizing complementary Characteristics of parallel combined NMOS and PMOS devices (2005)

Design and chip fabrication results for complementary RF circuit topologies that utilize the complementary RF characteristics of both NMOS and PMOS field-effect-transistor devices combined in parallel way are reported, which can inherently provide single-ended differential signal-processing capability, requiring neither baluns, nor differential signal generating/combining circuits. The proposed complementary CMOS parallel push-pull (CCPP) amplifier gives an order of magnitude improvement in IP/sub 2/ than an NMOS common-source amplifier and single-balanced CCPP resistive mixer, which functions effectively as a double-balanced one, provides more than an order of magnitude better linearity in IP/sub 2/, and similar order of magnitude better local oscillator (LO)-IF and LO-RF isolations than NMOS counterparts.
Learning High-level Image Representation for Image Retrieval via Multi-Task DNN using Clickthrough Data (2013)

Image retrieval refers to finding relevant images from an image database for a query, which is considered difficult for the gap between low-level representation of images and high-level representation of queries. Recently further developed Deep Neural Network sheds light on automatically learning high-level image representation from raw pixels. In this paper, we proposed a multi-task DNN learned for image retrieval, which contains two parts, i.e., query-sharing layers for image representation computation and query-specific layers for relevance estimation. The weights of multi-task DNN are learned on clickthrough data by Ring Training. Experimental results on both simulated and real dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Metachromatic leucodystrophy: study of the free amino acids in blood, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid (1964)

É registrado, presumivelmente pela primeira vez na literatura, o aumento da aminacidúria em casos de leucodistrofia metacromática. Mediante cromatografia circular e bidimensional foram estudados os aminácidos livres na urina, sangue, saliva e líquido cefalorraqueano de dois casos familiais de leucodistrofia metacromática. No sangue foi verificado aumento da concentração de cistina, ácido as-pártico, glicina, ácido glutâmico, alanina, prolina, tirosina e fenilalanina. Na urina encontravam-se elevados o ácido aspártico, cistina, alanina, prolina, tirosina e fenilalanina. Na saliva foi notado aumento do ácido a-y-diaminobutírico, ácido glutâmico, alanina e prolina. No líquido cefalorraqueano o ácido aspártico, alanina, prolina e fenilalanina encontravam-se em maiores concentrações. Além disso, estavam presentes 6 aminácidos não identificados. Um dêles desintegrava-se em três componentes e uma destas frações comportava-se como um polipeptídeo, provàvelmente identificável a uma substância composta de ácido glutâmico, glicina e ácido aspártico. Esta substância poderia integrar um complexo polipéptido-lipídico resultante de um dismetabolismo lipídico, já conhecido nas leucodistrofias, associado a um distúrbio do metabolismo protêico, agora relatado. Os resultados são comparados com os dados referidos na literatura relativa às concentrações de aminácidos no líquido cefalorraqueano e urina de algumas afecções nervosas de caráter desmielinizante. No líquido cefalorraqueano o perfil da leucodistrofia metacromática se assemelha aos anteriormente encontrados na moléstia de Niemann-Pick, na degeneração ce-rebromacular e na "esclerose difusa". Na urina as alterações se aproximam das que ocorrem na moléstia de Hartnup.
Plasma Leptin in Depressed Patients and Healthy Controls (1996)

Leptin is known to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Since loss of appetite and bodyweight are important signs and symptoms of major depression we studied leptin plasma concentrations in both depressed patients (n = 24) suffering from loss of appetite and a healthy control group (n = 33). To rule out the possibility of inferences with other endocrine parameters known to be changed in depression or suspected to be related to leptin, we also studied cortisol, insulin, growth hormone (GH) and GH-binding protein (GHBP). We found that leptin plasma concentrations did not differ between depressed patients and healthy controls. However, leptin was positively associated with female gender, body mass index (BMI) and morning insulin. 24-hour mean cortisol was not related to leptin. Also, GH and GHBP were not related to leptin when controlled for BMI in an ANCOVA model. We conclude that leptin plasma concentrations are unchanged in depression and that there is no evidence for leptin playing a major role in loss of appetite and body weight in depressed patients.
Case Histories of Selection Criteria for Random Vibration Screening (1985)

This paper describes the criteria for selecting the random vibration screening level and duration such that defects are uncovered without consuming significant useful life prior to service use. Miner's Linear Damage Rule is used as the basis for the derived damage expressions. Three real-world case histories are included to demonstrate the application of these criteria.
Effect of L-364, 718 (CCK Receptor Antagonist) on Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion of Hydrocortisone-Treated Rats (1994)

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in control rats and animals subjected to treatment with hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day) over 7 days. In both cases, the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist L-364,718 (0.1 mg/kg/day) had been administered. The administration of this nonpeptide CCK antagonist significantly reduced the basal pancreatic flow of secretion and enzymes in the control rats but did not cause a decrease in pancreatic weight. From this it may be inferred that factors other than CCK are able to exert the trophic effects of this hormone. Also, the processes of enzyme synthesis and storage, which contribute to maintaining the weight of the organ, continued to occur under conditions of deprivation of the action of endogenous CCK because pancreatic secretion in response to the infusion of CCK was similar in the animals treated and not treated with L-364,718. In contrast, no significant changes were observed either regarding pancreatic weight or basal pancreatic secretion in the animals treated with hydrocortisone and simultaneously with L-364,718, as compared with the rats treated only with hydrocortisone. This points to a predominant effect of glucocorticoids on the action of CCK during the phases of enzyme synthesis and storage, accompanied by a blockade of exocytosis due to hydrocortisone treatment. The secretagogue effect of CCK alone becomes possible with high levels of this hormone of exogenous origin, whose interaction with its specific receptors is in turn positively modulated by an excess of glucocorticoids.
Towards Controlled Growth and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

This thesis deals with growth, characterization and application of carbon nanotubes. The methods involved in the production of carbon nanotubes are thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). Thermal-CVD has been successfully employed in synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). <p>The understanding of the MWCNT growth was performed by studying the effects of influential parameters such as: carbon feedstock molec?les, size of catalytic iron (Fe) particles and temperature. A growth mechanism for MWCNT was proposed. <br>Using the PE-CVD method we investigated the growth of MWCNT catalyzed by Fe and of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) catalyzed by nickel (Ni). <p>Using Fe as a catalyst, carbon nanotube carpet-like films were grown with exceptionally high growth rate. The selective growth of individual VANCFs within a hole etched in Si is demonstrated. The Ni catalyzed growth of VACNFs was investigated for different metal underlayers, namely: Pt, Pd, Ti, Mo, W and Cr. This study was carried out on continuous films and on patterned Ni dots. We observed that the Si/metal interaction occurring during growth plays a vital role in VACNFs formation on W, Mo, Pt and Pd metals. Structural and spectroscopic properties of the nanotube films were determined using electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. <p>All these results represents intermediate steps towards integration of MWCNT/ VACNFs into CNT-based devices. Making use of the thermal and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes, aligned MWCNT were tested in a microcooler channel device, while the VACNFs were involved in fabrication and measurement of nanoeletromechanical systems.
T Cells and Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Emerging Data Show Lack of Need to Invoke Suppressor T Cell Problems (1992)

Human T cells recognize self and foreign antigens when such antigens are processed into small peptides and bound to molecules coded for by genes of the HLA region on chromosome 6. The part of the T-cell surface which is responsible for such recognition is a set of molecules coded for by a variety of genes and known as the T-cell-receptor complex. In animal models, T cells are able to transfer autoimmune thyroiditis and T cells have, therefore, long been implicated in the etiology of human autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Information gained from the study of intrathyroidal T cells and thyroid antigen-specific T-cell clones has shown that in patients with Graves' disease, mainly helper T-cell clones have been obtained, whereas in autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis cytolytic T-cell clones may be predominant. Such thyroid antigen-specific T cells have now been shown to recognize one or other of the three major thyroid-specific antigens; thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, or the TSH receptor and efforts are currently in progress to characterize the T-cell epitopes of these major thyroid autoantigens. Recent findings of restricted T-cell receptor V gene use amongst intrathyroidal T cells confirm the primary role of T cells in human thyroid autoimmune processes leading to AITD. However, the mechanisms whereby such autoreactive T cells escape deletion and anergy, and how they become activated, remain uncertain. There is compelling evidence that the thyroid cell itself, by expressing HLA molecules, and presenting antigen directly to the T cells, may initiate disease, perhaps after an external insult.