gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commensal Bacteria-Dependent Indole Production Enhances Epithelial Barrier Function in the Colon (2013)

Microbiota have been shown to have a great influence on functions of intestinal epithelial cells (ECs). The role of indole as a quorum-sensing (QS) molecule mediating intercellular signals in bacteria has been well appreciated. However, it remains unknown whether indole has beneficial effects on maintaining intestinal barriers in vivo. In this study, we analyzed the effect of indole on ECs using a germ free (GF) mouse model. GF mice showed decreased expression of junctional complex molecules in colonic ECs. The feces of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice contained a high amount of indole; however the amount was significantly decreased in the feces of GF mice by 27-fold. Oral administration of indole-containing capsules resulted in increased expression of both tight junction (TJ)- and adherens junction (AJ)-associated molecules in colonic ECs in GF mice. In accordance with the increased expression of these junctional complex molecules, GF mice given indole-containing capsules showed higher resistance to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. A similar protective effect of indole on DSS-induced epithelial damage was also observed in mice bred in SPF conditions. These findings highlight the beneficial role of indole in establishing an epithelial barrier in vivo.
Skin-whitening and skin-condition-improving effects of topical oxidized glutathione: a double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy women (2014)

Topical GSSG is safe and effectively whitens the skin and improves skin condition in healthy women.
Tutorial: temperature as an input to microelectronics-reliability models (1996)

This tutorial discusses various modeling methodologies for temperature acceleration of microelectronic-device failures; there are situations in which some methodologies give-misleading results. The aim is to raise the level of understanding of the impact of temperature on reliability and to define the objectives of physics-based temperature modeling. There are alternatives to both the Arrhenius relation and the MilHdbk-217 approach to reliability. In Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia, a physics-of-failure approach is used by most companies. Philips in the Netherlands and the CADMP Alliance in the USA have developed methods and software to conduct physics-based reliability assessments.
TIGIT/CD226 Axis Regulates Anti-Tumor Immunity (2021)

Tumors escape immune surveillance by inducing various immunosuppressive pathways, including the activation of inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been approved for multiple cancer indications, only a subset of patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, highlighting the need for additional approaches. Therefore, the identification of new target molecules acting in distinct or complementary pathways in monotherapy or combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is gaining immense interest. T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) has received considerable attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, anti-TIGIT mAb (tiragolumab) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer treatment when combined with an anti-PD-L1 drug (Tecentriq), leading to phase III trial initiation. TIGIT is expressed mainly on T and natural killer cells; it functions as an inhibitory checkpoint receptor, thereby limiting adaptive and innate immunity. CD226 competes for binding with the same ligands with TIGIT but delivers a positive stimulatory signal to the immune cells. This review discusses the recent discoveries regarding the roles of TIGIT and CD226 in immune cell function and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
A new object-oriented technique for building a dynamic graphical user interface (1995)

This paper [1] presents an object-oriented technique for specifying a dynamic layout of visual objects in a Graphical User Interface (GUI). This technique deals with complex dynamics of: non-dependence on physical appearance and size of an object, multilingual objects, resizable objects, extendable objects, and potentially resizable windows. Dynamic change due to these causes the physical position and/or size of any object in a window to alter. This technique avoids the restrictions of using any underlying physical structure such as multiple cells (imposing a grid like layout).This new technique evolved as part of a development effort to realise a commercial product (GPE) for providing a dynamic GUI on the Amiga platform. The technique has also been implemented in C++ as a prototype add-on INetwork Directed Canvas class on top of IBM's C++ Open Class Library for the OS/2 platform.This paper presents an approach needed to arrive at a model for a network directed layout method. The majority of the paper concentrates on describing this model and how it can be deployed in an application. A further section describes other commercialised layout methods and contrasts those to the technique presented in this paper.
Incorporating Innovation Into LV Distribution Network-The Cesc Pathway (2016)

CESC Limited is an integrated distribution utility operating in the twin cities of Kolkata and Howrah, over a licensed are of 567 sq. km and having a customer base of nearly 3 million. Simply put, it is our cable and network equipment that bring power to the home of Kolkatans every day.
Preparation of Cordierite Ceramics from Metal Alkoxides (Part 1) (1987)

A new method for preparing homogeneous cordierite ceramics by a sol-gel process is described. Reactive and fine cordierite-type amorphous powder with high homogeneity was prepared by the sol-gel method. The hydrolysis of metal alkoxides used as starting materials was controlled. Namely, Si(OC2H5)4, with a hydrolysis rate lower than that of Mg (OC2H5)2 or Al (OC3H7i)3, was partially hydrolyzed and then mixed or reacted with Mg and Al alkoxides which had been reacted in butyl-alcohol. The cordierite powders prepared by the sol-gel method were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction study, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an energy dispersion X-ray microprobe analyzer (EDX). Homogeneous cordierite powders were obtained from Mg(OC2H5)2, Al(OC3H7i)3 and Si(OC2H5)4. The homogeneity of resultant oxides depended upon the hydrolysis method of alkoxides.
Supporting adaptable technical information systems in heterogeneous environments-using WWW and ORDBMS (2002)

Due to the ever rising competition in nearly all industrial sectors, there is a strong need for integrated information systems (ISs) that will store, retrieve, manipulate and exchange information efficiently to support all activities in an enterprise. Moreover, such an IS should not be a one-size-fit-all or a permanent solution, rather, the adaptability must be pursued so that the system can deal with all possible changes resulting from new technologies or new application demands. We present our first experience with developing such an integrated IS for a technical application domain. From the data processing point of view, the environment to be managed consists of distributed client/server systems embodied by heterogeneous hardware and software components; unconventional data types such as multimedia data and HTML statements are to be managed, and effective and robust database (DB) support should be provided. To meet the challenges posed by these advanced applications, new information techniques, such as World Wide Web (WWW or Web) and object-relational database management systems (ORDBMSs), are employed to facilitate a platform-independent DB access via a versatile user interface, as well as powerful DB services with high extensibility.
microRNA-153 Targets mTORC2 Component Rictor to Inhibit Glioma Cells (2016)

Rictor upregulation and mTORC complex 2 (mTORC2) over-activation participate in glioma cell progression, yet the underling mechanisms are not known. We here identified microRNA-153 (miR-153) as a potential anti-Rictor miRNA, which was downregulated in multiple human glioma tissues and glioma cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U373MG and U251MG). miR-153 downregulation was correlated with Rictor (mRNA and protein) upregulation and p-Akt Ser473 (the mTORC2 indicator) over-activation in the glioma tissues and cells. Our in vitro evidences suggested that Rictor could be one primary target of miR-153 in glioma cells. Exogenous overexpression of miR-153 downregulated Rictor (mRNA and protein) and decreased p-Akt Ser473 in U87MG cells, leading to significant growth inhibition and apoptosis activation. Notably, U87MG cells with Rictor shRNA knockdown showed similar phenotypes of cells with miR-153 overexpression. More importantly, in Rictor-silenced U87MG cells, miR-153 expression failed to further affect cell growth nor apoptosis. In vivo, we showed that miR-153 overexpression dramatically inhibited U87MG tumor growth in nude mice. Together, these results suggest that miR-153 downregulation could be one important reason of Rictor upregulation and mTORC2 over-activation in glioma cells. Further, miR-153-induced anti-glioma cell activity is possibly via downregulating Rictor.
Biochemical properties of MHC class II molecules endogenously synthesized and expressed by mouse Langerhans cells (1991)

The cell surface expression and biosynthesis of Langerhans cells (LC)-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from epidermal cells (EC) prepared freshly and cultured for up to 3 days was investigated. Based on the constitutive expression of MHC class II determinants by LC, a panning and magnetic bead selection procedure was employed, yielding 65% and 86% of I-A+ cells, respectively. Phenotypical and cytochemical examinations revealed that the two LC preparations were free of contaminating macrophages as well as B and T cells. Freshly prepared enriched LC were highly efficient in the stimulation of protein antigen-specific T cell clones, while LC purified from short-term cultured EC suspensions proved to be more efficient allogeneic stimulator cells than fresh LC. Comparative analysis of LC obtained from freshly prepared and from short-term-cultured EC preparations indicated an up-regulation of MHC class II determinants during short-term culture. Radioiodination analysis of LC selected by magnetic beads demonstrated prominent class II alpha and beta chain signals with only a minute fraction of invariant chains p35 and p45 being expressed at the cell surface. Unlike class II complexes derived from B cells, those from LC contained invariant chain fragment p20 in association with alpha/beta heterodimers at the plasma membrane. No qualitative differences between freshly isolated and 3-day cultured LC in cell surface expressed MHC class II components were detectable. Metabolic labeling with subsequent two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed distinct features of LC-derived MHC class II molecules with a high proportion of invariant chains in particular gamma and p40 and their extensive sialylation. While fresh and 1-day cultured LC exhibited appreciable levels of newly synthesized class II molecules, a dramatic down-regulation in class II and invariant chain synthesis was measured after 3 days of continuous in vitro culture.
Flexible photonic metastructures for tunable coloration (2015)

The ability to actively control the perceived color of objects is highly desirable for a variety of applications, such as camouflage, sensing, and displays. We report a completely new flexible, high-contrast metastructure (HCM) whose color can be varied by stretching the membrane. This is accomplished by annihilating the 0th order diffraction while enhancing the -1st order, a new phenomenon made possible with a large index contrast. The color perception of the HCM can thus be changed by varying its period. The structure is fabricated using silicon metastructures embedded in a flexible membrane. We experimentally demonstrate brilliant colors and change the color from green to orange (39 nm wavelength change) with a stretch of 25 nm period change. The same effect can be used for steering a laser beam, with more than 36 resolvable beam spots being demonstrated.
Improvements to the analytical linescan model for SEM metrology (2016)

Critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) metrology has long used empirical approaches to determine edge locations. While such solutions are very flexible, physics-based models offer the potential for improved accuracy and precision for specific applications. Here, Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate theoretical linescans from single step and line/space targets in order to build a physics-based analytical model, including the presence of bottom footing and top corner rounding. The resulting analytical linescan model fits the Monte Carlo simulation results for different feature heights, widths, pitches, sidewall angles, bottom footing, and top corner rounding. This model has also been successfully applied to asymetric features such as sidewall spacers encountered in self-aligned double patterning.
α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. XVI. Synthesis and Configuration of Diels-Alder Adducts from Ethyl 3-Nitro-2-alkenoate and 1,3-Butadiene (1978)

Abstract The Diels-Alder reaction of individual (E)- and (Z)-isomers of ethyl 3-nitroacrylate and 3-nitrocrotonate with 1,3-butadiene, 1-acetoxy- or 1,4-diacetoxy-1,3-butadiene was conducted to give ethyl 6-nitro-3-cyclohexene-, 5-acetoxy-, and 2,5-diacetoxy-6-nitro-3-cyclohexene-carboxylates, respectively. The stereochemistry of the cycloaddition products has been elucidated by analysis of the NMR spectrum.
A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE BLIND COMPARISON OF VENLAFAXINE AND PLACEBO IN INPATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION AND MELANCHOLIA. (1992)

Clinique de la Faculté, Paris, France. *Wyeth-Ayerst, European Clinical Research and Development, Slough, UK and Paris, France.
Positive and negative selection of T cell receptor V beta domains controlled by distinct cell populations in the thymus. (1989)

The role of thymic MHC class II-bearing cells in the selection of the TCR repertoire has been investigated in allogeneic radiation bone marrow chimeras. Positive selection of mature CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing the V beta 6+ TCR domain was found to depend upon radioresistant (presumably epithelial) I-E+ thymic cells. On the other hand, negative selection of CD4+ V beta 6+ cells (which was additionally dependent upon expression of the Mls-1a gene product) was controlled by a radiosensitive I-E+ thymic component (most likely dendritic cells). These data argue in favor of a compartmentalization of positive and negative selection events during T cell development.
Satellite communications networks with IP quality of services (2004)

This paper presents a satellite communications (SATCOM) architecture that uses packet switched technologies and addresses the relationships between SATCOM and IP quality of service (QoS). The onboard satellite processing with fast-packet switching rather than traditional circuit switch or bent pipe SATCOM connections, is described first. The performance of such an architecture may improve or degrade with IP QoS services depending on how they interact. The network architecture incorporates a bandwidth-on-demand concept through demand-assigned multiple-access (DAMA) protocols, and achieves multiple levels of QoS services through IP class-of-service (CoS). This concept improves application performance, increases network utilization and throughput, and reduces message/file transfer times. The bit error rates that are inherent to SATCOM networks do not apply directly to the architecture. Underlying performance evaluation methodologies as well as related implementation issues for the proposed architecture are addressed. The onboard switching architecture generally brings about performance improvements, but one case that degrades performance is presented. In this example, excessive delays occur when transmitting moderate-to-high bit error rates due to an IP error recovery procedure that induces more lower-layer packet segmentation and reassembly processes. Thus, the higher bit error rate caused by satellite links can be critical for the performance. This observation along with related protocol and performance issues leads to the conclusion that the essential IP features will only be operative for the fast-packet switching SATCOM architecture.
Reactivity of Silane Coupling Agent with Surface of Silica Particles (1998)

The surface treatment of silica particles with silane coupling agents was carried out by a dry treatment method in which the silane coupling agent was added to the particles and mixed using a mixer, and the reactivity with the particle surface was investigated. Both irregular-shaped and spherical amorphous silica particles were employed. γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane were used as silane coupling agents. The bonding to the particle surface was determined by a carbon analysis of unwashed and methanol-washed particles. This result shows that the amount of silane coupling agent added, the standing time after mixing, the heat treatment, the kind of the functional group of silane coupling agent, and the preparation method of silica particles all exerted an effect on the degree of bonding.
Growth of Cubic Boron Nitride Single Crystal under High Pressure using Temperature Gradient Method. (1998)

Growth characteristics of single crystal cubic boron nitride (cBN) grown on a (111) surface of diamond seed crystal was studied. A temperature gradient method was employed by using lithium boron nitride as a solvent under 5. 5 GPa and 1500°C for 10 min to 100 hr. The island nucleation of (111) crystals was taken place even at 10 min. The island crystals were, then, coalesced and the (113) faces were dominantly appeared, followed by (113) faceted growth. Considering the growth rate of the crystal under constant P-T growing condition, the growth of the crystal in this system seemed to be controlled by the interface reaction on the crystal but not by the diffusion of the BN source in the reaction bath.
Dielectric Properties of Lithium Molybdate Ceramic Fabricated at Room Temperature (2014)

Lithium molybdate disks were fabricated by moistening water‐soluble Li 2 MoO 4 powder with deionized water and compressing it under a pressure of 130 MPa. Disks were postprocessed at room temperature, at 120°C, and at 540°C, which is a common sintering temperature for Li 2 MoO 4 . Regardless of the postprocessing temperature, densities as high as 87%–93% of the theoretical value were achieved. The X ‐ray diffraction patterns of processed disks were all the same with no signs of hydrates or constitutional water. The samples also exhibited very similar microstructures and microwave dielectric properties with a relative permittivity of 4.6–5.2 and a Q × f value of 10 200–18 500 at 9.6 GHz, depending on the postprocessing temperature.
Absorption-edge fluoroscopy using a three-spectrum technique (1976)

We have recently reported on a 1-kVp, two-filter image subtraction method for visualizing low concentrations of elements like iodine which have K-shell absorption edges in the diagnostic x-ray energy range. However, in the application of this technique to human thyroid imaging, superimposed images due to variations in tissue and bone thickness presented serious difficulties. In this paper, a technique is described for implementing a 3-kVp, three-filter approach. Using carefully chosen spectra and logarithmic image processing, images are produced which are compatible with our previously described two-stage storage-tube subtraction device. Proper manipulation of the resulting difference images results in a final absorption-edge image in which only the element of interest is visualized, with unwanted background images suppressed. Computer calculations are presented to illustrate the relative sizes of difference signals arising from the element of interest and from tissue and bone backgrounds. Phantom studies using iodine concentrations as small as 1 mg/cm2, with variations of 10 cm of tissue and 2 g/cm2 of bone, suggest that the theory is sound and that, with straightforward apparatus modifications, images of good quality should be possible.
Possible involvement of differential splicing in regulation of the activity of <i>Arabidopsis</i> ANP1 that is related to mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) (1997)

Three types of Arabidopsis cDNA (cANP1, cANP2 and cANP3) have been isolated that encode putative protein kinases, designated ANP1, ANP2 and ANP3. These kinases exhibit a high degree of homology to NPK1, a tobacco protein that is a member of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), which appears to function in the proliferation of tobacco cells. The predicted amino acid sequences of the kinase domains in the amino-terminal halves of the ANPs were more than 80% identical to that of NPK1, while the kinase-unrelated regions in the carboxy-terminal halves exhibited relatively low homology. Two species of cANP1 were identified, ANP1L cDNA (cANP1L) and ANP1S cDNA (cANP1S), which were derived from a single ANP1 gene: the former had an intron-like sequence in the coding region for the kinase-unrelated region, while the latter did not include such an intron-like sequence. cANP1L encoded a putative protein with both kinase and kinase-unrelated domains, resembling NPK1, whereas cANP1S encoded only the amino-terminal kinase domain because the intron-like sequence was absent, with resulting elimination of most of the kinase-unrelated region. Genetic analysis with mutant yeast cells showed that over-expression of cANP1L or of cANP1S activated the mating pheromone-responsive signal pathway which is mediated by a MAP kinase cascade. Moreover, the extent of such activation by cANP1S was greater than that by cANP1L. These results predict that differential splicing of the intron-like sequence in the ANP1 transcript might be at least one of the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of active ANP1 protein kinase.
Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity on Pt <sub>3</sub> Ni(111) via Increased Surface Site Availability (2007)

The slow rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the main limitation for automotive applications. We demonstrated that the Pt3Ni(111) surface is 10-fold more active for the ORR than the corresponding Pt(111) surface and 90-fold more active than the current state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts for PEMFC. The Pt3Ni(111) surface has an unusual electronic structure (d-band center position) and arrangement of surface atoms in the near-surface region. Under operating conditions relevant to fuel cells, its near-surface layer exhibits a highly structured compositional oscillation in the outermost and third layers, which are Pt-rich, and in the second atomic layer, which is Ni-rich. The weak interaction between the Pt surface atoms and nonreactive oxygenated species increases the number of active sites for O2 adsorption.
Helium Ion Microscopy (2013)

Helium Ion Microcopy (HIM) based on Gas Field Ion Sources (GFIS) represents a new ultra high resolution microscopy and nano-fabrication technique. It is an enabling technology that not only provides imagery of conducting as well as uncoated insulating nano-structures but also allows to create these features. The latter can be achieved using resists or material removal due to sputtering. The close to free-form sculpting of structures over several length scales has been made possible by the extension of the method to other gases such as Neon. A brief introduction of the underlying physics as well as a broad review of the applicability of the method is presented in this review.
Short Note (2008)

https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/40237