gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mechanical properties of filled styrene butadiene rubber compounds: comparison of tensile and shear data (2006)

Abstract Most rubber articles are prepared from filler‐elastomer compounds and dynamic mechanical data can give valuable insight into behavior of such systems. The aim of this study was to compare complex tensile modulus E * and complex shear modulus G * using seven types of vulcanized filled rubbers and two testing devices. Carbon black and clay filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were tested. The E * value was measured using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA DX04T from R.M.I.) and the G * value using a rubber process analyzer (RPA 2000 from Alpha Technologies) at 1 Hz, 30°C and at small deformation amplitudes common to both devices. For characterization of tested materials absolute values of complex modulus | E *| and | G *| were used together with values of loss factor tan δ. The highest values of | E *|, | G *| and tan δ in tested carbon blacks were obtained for type N330. The highest values of | E *|, | G *| and tan δ in tested clay fillers were found for organoclay Cloisite 93A. Maximum at the dependence tan δ/amplitude, obtained in a broader shear amplitude range, was found to be smaller for carbon black filled compounds than expected and maximum at this dependence for clay filled compounds was not observed. The amplitude dependences of analogous dynamic mechanical characteristics from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and rubber process analysis (RPA) measurements seem to be similar. Between the analogous dynamic mechanical characteristics from DMA and from RPA usually a linear relationship exists with high correlation coefficient. Conclusions derived from DMA and RPA testing on the same series of rubber compounds seem to be the same. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High critical current densities in Bi(2223)/Ag tapes (1992)

Bi(2223)/Ag monofilamentary tapes have been characterized by measurements of jc vs. B and vs. theta , the angle between the applied magnetic field and the c axis. High degree of texturing, high density and Bi(2223) single phase conditions were found to be the major effects leading to high jc values. A further condition for reaching the highest jc values is a very low overall carbon content, the presence of carbon at the grain boundaries acting as a strong limiting factor. The highest value of jc in the present work is 4.104 A/cm2 at 77K,0T, corresponding to more than 2.105 A/cm2 at 4.2K,0T.
Two-Step Delamination of Highly Charged, Vermiculite-like Layered Silicates via Ordered Heterostructures (2017)

Because of strong Coulomb interactions, the delamination of charged layered materials becomes progressively more difficult with increasing charge density. For instance, highly charged sodium fluorohectorite (Na<sub>0.6</sub>Mg<sub>2.4</sub>Li<sub>0.6</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>, Na-Hec) cannot be delaminated directly by osmotic swelling in water because its layer charge exceeds the established limit for osmotic swelling of 0.55 per formula unit Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>. Quite surprisingly, we found that this hectorite at the border of the smectite and vermiculite group can, however, be utterly delaminated into 1-nm-thick platelets with a high aspect ratio (24 000) in a two-step process. The hectorite is first converted by partial ion exchange into a one-dimensionally ordered, interstratified heterostructure with strictly alternating Na<sup>+</sup> and n-butylammonium (C4) interlayers. This heterostructure then spontaneously delaminates into uniform single layers upon immersion in water whereas neither of the homoionic phases (Na-Hec and C4-Hec) swells osmotically. The delamination of more highly charged synthetic layered silicates is a key step to push the aspect ratio beyond the current limits.
Nanopatterning and Fabrication of Memory Devices from Layer-by-Layer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)−Poly(styrene sulfonate) Ultrathin Films (2006)

A write-read-erasable memory device was fabricated on layer-by-layer (LbL) ultrathin films prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). By use of current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM), nanopatterns were formed by applying a bias voltage between a conductive tip (Pt-coated Si3N4 cantilever) in contact with the polymer film and gold substrate. The dependence of the nanopatterns on film thickness, applied bias, and writing speed was studied. Moreover, the height of the patterns was 3-5 times higher than the original thickness of the films, opening the possibility for three-dimensional nanopatterning. The ability of the patterns to be erased after nanowriting was also investigated. By comparing the I-V characteristics under ambient conditions and under N2 environment, a joule-heating activated, water meniscus-assisted anion doping mechanism for the nanopatterning process was determined. Write-read-erase memory device capability was demonstrated on the nanopatterns.
AN ANALYSIS OF STACKING, RMS, AVERAGE, AND INTERVAL VELOCITIES OVER A HORIZONTALLY LAYERED GROUND * (1974)

A bstract A correct derivation of rms, average and interval velocities from one another and from common depth point stacking velocities requires a clear understanding of the relationships between these velocities. We relate the average velocity to the rms velocity through a “heterogeneity factor” which is a quantity that gives a measure of the degree of velocity heterogeneity in the ground. The interval velocity is a quantity which varies according to the method of its derivation. The difference between rms and stacking velocities depends on the heterogeneity factor and on the length of the spread. Unless allowed for, this difference can reverse the advantages of long spreads and cause large errors in interval velocity determinations. It may be removed through a number of techniques. The accuracy of stacking velocities in the presence of random “noise” is independent of the heterogeneity factor. Relevant expressions can be broken down into simple formulae which give the accuracy quickly and with good precision.
New approaches to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections. (1995)

Since 1973, the occurrence of respiratory tract infections due to P. aeruginosa has increased associated with the development of broad-spectrum penicillins. A clinical entity, diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a representative disease of chronic P. aeruginosa infections in Japan. In this paper, recent advances of research on pathogenesis and treatments of chronic P. aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections in our department are reported. We examined sputum from patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infections under the electron microscope. Mucoid type of microcolonies were observed with fibrous matrix of exopolysaccharide. Neutrophils were found to be partially surrounding the microcolony in an attempt to defense. Debris was formed mainly by the destruction of the neutrophils. Most neutrophils were found full of phagocytized debris. These data support that instead of phagocytizing bacteria, neutrophils phagocytized debris and bacteria were not completely eradicated. This might be a factor in the pathogenesis of persistent colonization of P. aeruginosa. In the airways of patients with chronic airway diseases (CAD), neutrophils enhance the recruitment of more neutrophils through the production of neutrophil chemotactic factors such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and LTB4, perpetuating a cycle of inflammation in the lung. We demonstrated increased levels of IL-8, a chemotactic cytokine, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with CAD associated with P. aeruginosa infections. We also documented a significant correlation between neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels or IL-1 beta levels or neutrophil elastase levels in BAL fluids from patients with CAD. By immunohistochemical studies and in vitro data, three major sources of IL-8 in the airways of CAD patients were found to be alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, and migrated neutrophils. In Japan, the clinical effectiveness of oral erythromycin (EM) for CAD, including DPB seems to be established, but its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. In addition, we found a marked decrease of IL-8 levels in BAL fluid from two patients with CAD after treatment with EM. Therefore, we postulated that EM inhibited IL-8 production by stimulated respiratory cells. EM and Roxythromycin, suppressed IL-8 production in Pseudomonas-stimulated neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 also inhibited neutrophil-derived IL-8. Our data encourage the development of new anti-IL-8 agents against persistent P. aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections.
Evidence for the direct impact excitation of Mn centers in electroluminescent ZnS:Mn films (1976)

In order to clarify the excitation mechanism of Mn luminescent centers in ZnS:Mn electroluminescent thin films, time-resolved emission spectra in photoluminescence and electroluminescence were measured. In photoluminescence, both emissions arising from ZnS host and Mn centers were observed. For the emission arising from Mn centers, the time delay showing energy transfer from ZnS host to Mn centers was recognized. In electroluminescence, contrary to this, the emission from the ZnS host was hardly observed, and the emission from Mn centers was observed immediately after excitation. These experimental results strongly suggest that the excitation mechanism of Mn centers in electroluminescence is due to the direct impact excitation of Mn centers by hot electrons accelerated in the high electric field in the Zns host. These results are also supported by efficiency measurements.
A Practical Approach to the Flow Cytometric Detection and Diagnosis of T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders (2010)

The flow cytometric analysis of T-cell malignancies is difficult due to the heterogeneity of T-cells and the lack of convenient methods to detect T-cell clonality. Neoplastic T-cells are most often detected by their altered level of surface antigen expression, and detection requires an extensive knowledge of the phenotype of normal T-lymphocytes. This review focuses on the methods to distinguish malignant T-cells from their normal counterparts and the phenotypic features of the T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Use of multigeneration-family molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing to select a hematopoietic cell transplant donor for a dog with T-cell lymphoma (2006)

Systemic chemotherapy induces remissions; however, most dogs succumb to disease recurrence because of multidrug resistance. Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs can be excellent because of improved donor-recipient selection by use of molecular dog leukocyte antigen typing, compared with early attempts, and better prevention of graft versus host disease, better supportive care, and substitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for bone marrow.
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity (2021)

Vaccination elicits immune responses capable of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ongoing surveillance has revealed the emergence of variants harboring mutations in spike, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the impact of these variants, we evaluated the neutralization potency of 99 individuals that received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Five of the 10 pseudoviruses, harboring receptor-binding domain mutations, including K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y, were highly resistant to neutralization. Crossneutralization of B.1.351 variants was comparable to SARS-CoV and bat-derived WIV1-CoV, suggesting that a relatively small number of mutations can mediate potent escape from vaccine responses. While the clinical impact of neutralization resistance remains uncertain, these results highlight the potential for variants to escape from neutralizing humoral immunity and emphasize the need to develop broadly protective interventions against the evolving pandemic.
Highest frequency optimization of VLSI by a novel clock skew scheduling scheme (2012)

The paper proposes a novel clock skew scheduling scheme, which is used to improve the highest frequency of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits) and has higher efficiency than the traditional scheme. To reduce the n of flow iterations, the feature of physical-optimizing-potential is embedded. A lookup table about the physical distance and the optimizing potential is generated before performing the clock skew scheduling algorithm. By this table, fake critical paths are removed, that relieves the stress of the clock skew algorithm and makes the optimizing more efficient. Besides, to make sure the optimizing potential can be realized, some particular physical constraints should be set. Genetic algorithm is adopted to find a minimum subset which includes the paths must be constrained. Experiments on ARM1136J-FS show that the highest frequency increases 13% and the time consumption is almost halved compared to the traditional.
Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanorods (2016)

Gold nanorods have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique optical properties, and they have the potential to greatly impact many areas of science and technology. Understanding the structure and chemical makeup of their surfaces as well as how to tailor them is of paramount importance in the development of their successful applications. This Feature Article reviews the current understanding of the surface chemistry of as-synthesized gold nanorods, methods of tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods with various inorganic and organic coatings/ligands, and the techniques employed to characterize ligands on the surface of gold nanorods as well as the associated measurement challenges. Specifically, we address the challenges of determining how thick the ligand shell is, how many ligands per nanorod are present on the surface, and where the ligands are located in regiospecific and mixed-ligand systems. We conclude with an outlook on the development of the surface chemistry of gold nanorods leading to the development of a synthetic nanoparticle surface chemistry toolbox analogous to that of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product synthesis.
Development of a Wall-Sticking Drone for Non-Destructive Ultrasonic and Corrosion Testing (2018)

Refineries’ structures require constant inspection, maintenance of their structural health condition, and safety of the users; however, accessing these structures is getting more and more difficult due to their enormous height and size. In order to deal with this problem, many researchers have developed several robots for wall crawling, yet there is no guaranteed solution. One of the critical reasons why existing wall-crawling robots have not been available in the field is the risk of accidental fall due to operational failure from the harsh environment, like strong wind and the surface’s unpredictable condition. Therefore, we attempted to develop a wall-sticking aerial robot platform that can approach any place of the structure by flying and sticking to the target place. The robot is equipped with electro-magnetic hold mount elements to stick the sensor probe on the surface of the structure. This paper deals with installing the wall-sticking mechanism on the aerial robot.
Vigilancia "profunda" en Internet: una tecnología que interesa a estados y empresas (2012)

Cuando una dictadura cae, resulta dificil comprender como podia sostenerse en el poder. En Libia, Egipto o Tunez, la respuesta se encuentra en parte en la vigilancia sistematica de las comunicaciones. Con la ayuda del material proporcionado por empresas estadounidenses y europeas que encuentran en estos lugares clientes sin complejos, asi como un terreno donde probar sus tecnicas a gran escala.
Formulation Development (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Effects of Formulation on Processing Effects of Formulation on Properties Compound Development Procedure Cost of Ingredients Specific Gravity of Ingredients Design of Experiments References
Automated White Matter Hyperintensity Detection in Multiple Sclerosis Using 3D T2 FLAIR (2014)

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) seen on T2WI are a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) as it indicates inflammation associated with the disease. Automatic detection of the WMH can be valuable in diagnosing and monitoring of treatment effectiveness. T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR images provided good contrast between the lesions and other tissue; however the signal intensity of gray matter tissue was close to the lesions in FLAIR images that may cause more false positives in the segment result. We developed and evaluated a tool for automated WMH detection only using high resolution 3D T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR images. We use a high spatial frequency suppression method to reduce the gray matter area signal intensity. We evaluate our method in 26 MS patients and 26 age matched health controls. The data from the automated algorithm showed good agreement with that from the manual segmentation. The linear correlation between these two approaches in comparing WMH volumes was found to be Y = 1.04X + 1.74 (R (2) = 0.96). The automated algorithm estimates the number, volume, and category of WMH.
A splice site mutation of the beta-spectrin gene causing exon skipping in hereditary elliptocytosis associated with a truncated beta-spectrin chain (1991)

We studied a French kindred with hereditary elliptocytosis associated with a spectrin variant (spectrin LePuy) containing a beta-spectrin chain that is truncated at its C terminus (Dhermy, D., Lecomte, M., Garbarz, M., Bournier, O., Galand, C., Gautero, H., Feo, C., Alloisio, N., Delaunay, J., and Boivin, P. (1982) J. Clin. Invest. 70, 707-715). The structure of the 3' end of the beta-spectrin gene, the region encoding the C terminus of beta-spectrin, was determined. Nucleotide sequencing of amplified genomic DNA revealed a mutation at position +4 (A----G) of the 5' donor consensus splice site of the intron following the third-to-last exon (exon X) in one beta-spectrin allele of a heterozygous patient. Agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA revealed an extra band of lower molecular weight, suggesting that the shortened beta-spectrin chain of spectrin LePuy arises from aberrant mRNA splicing. Nucleotide sequencing of the shorter cDNA amplification product revealed that the sequences encoding exon X were absent. Southern blotting of cDNA amplification products confirmed this result. The skipping of exon X causes a shift in the normal reading frame resulting in the encoding of a new amino acid sequence at the C terminus of the mutant beta-spectrin chain. A new in-frame stop codon is encountered following a single residue of this novel sequence.
<i>Evf2 lncRNA</i>/BRG1/DLX1 interactions reveal RNA-dependent chromatin remodeling inhibition (2015)

Transcription-regulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the potential to control the site-specific expression of thousands of target genes. Previously, we showed that Evf2, the first described ultraconserved lncRNA, increases the association of transcriptional activators (DLX homeodomain proteins) with key DNA enhancers but represses gene expression. In this report, mass spectrometry shows that the Evf2-DLX1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) contains the SWI/SNF-related chromatin remodelers Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1, SMARCA4) and Brahma-associated factor (BAF170, SMARCC2) in the developing mouse forebrain. Evf2 RNA colocalizes with BRG1 in nuclear clouds and increases BRG1 association with key DNA regulatory enhancers in the developing forebrain. While BRG1 directly interacts with DLX1 and Evf2 through distinct binding sites, Evf2 directly inhibits BRG1 ATPase and chromatin remodeling activities. In vitro studies show that both RNA-BRG1 binding and RNA inhibition of BRG1 ATPase/remodeling activity are promiscuous, suggesting that context is a crucial factor in RNA-dependent chromatin remodeling inhibition. Together, these experiments support a model in which RNAs convert an active enhancer to a repressed enhancer by directly inhibiting chromatin remodeling activity, and address the apparent paradox of RNA-mediated stabilization of transcriptional activators at enhancers with a repressive outcome. The importance of BRG1/RNA and BRG1/homeodomain interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders is underscored by the finding that mutations in Coffin-Siris syndrome, a human intellectual disability disorder, localize to the BRG1 RNA-binding and DLX1-binding domains.
<title>Phase-shifting masks: automated design and mask requirements</title> (1994)

In this paper we present a computationally viable algorithm for the rapid design of phase- shifting masks for arbitrary two-dimensional patterns. Our approach is based on the construction of a class of optimal coherent approximations to partially coherent imaging systems described by the Hopkins model. We show that for partially coherent imaging systems with coherence factor (sigma) <EQ 0.5, the associated approximation error in the image is quite small (< 10%). A fast iterative algorithm is used to generate (suboptimal) phase- shifting masks using the approximate imaging system model. The computational effort required per iteration is O(N log N), where N is the number of discrete image points considered. Analytical results related to practical requirements for phase-shifting masks are also presented. These results address questions related to the number of discrete phase levels required for arbitrary patterns, and provide some insight into alternative phase-shifting strategies. A number of phase-shifting mask design examples are also discussed.
Vehicle theft along the Texas‐Mexico Border (1987)

An international boundary potentially contributes to criminal activity across a border region in at least two important ways. Where a boundary divides a market by restricting the exchange of goods and people, it can generate illicit crossborder traffic. For example, smuggling and blackmarket networks typically arise when commodities available in one nation are greatly desired, but prohibited or heavily taxed in the other. A boundary also sets jurisdictional authority, and consequently may constrain police responses to local crime by limiting essential investigation or by providing refuge in the other nation for lawbreakers. This is especially true where cultures, laws, and enforcement practices are divergent and intergovernment cooperation is tenuous. Thus, border communities frequently become both contraband staging centers and special havens for not only smugglers, but other criminal offenders. Although students of the U.S.-Mexico border are well aware of these observations, they have devoted little research attention to the organization of binational crime (Carter 1983). Notable exceptions include Lupsha's (1985) seminal conceptualization of the border underworld, and several studies concerning the smuggling of consumer goods (Miller, T. 1981), illegal Drugs (Craig 1978, 1980), and undocumented workers (Samora 1971, Stoddard 1976). However, the binational context of predatory crimes (violent or property offenses) has been ignored. This article addresses this neglected area by examining the problem of motor vehicle theft in Texas cities adjacent to Mexico.