gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gas Diffusion Process on Sensing Properties of SnO2 Thin Film Sensors in a SiO2 / SnO2 Layer‐Built Structure Fabricated by Sol‐Gel Process (1994)

The effects of coating on gas‐sensing properties of thin film sensors with interior electrodes have been investigated. The thicker the film, the higher the sensitivity of the film in the double‐layer structure. Significant enhancement in sensitivity was also achieved with the coating films having a large volume fraction of small pores. The coatings also induced a drastic slowdown of recovery speed after removal of . From these results, restricted permeation into the interior film, in comparison to diffusivity, is suggested to be responsible for the significant enhancement in sensitivity. Under the same conditions, however, enhancement in sensitivity was relatively small. Thus, it was revealed that sensing properties of sensors with interior electrodes can be modified by controlling the gas diffusion process.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (2007)

[reaction: see text] The highly enantioselective Michael addition of 1,3-cyclic dicarbonyl compounds to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones was reported to be catalyzed by an organic primary amine derived from quinine. A chiral anticoagulant drug, (S)-warfarin, was directly prepared in 96% ee, and other related important adducts were also obtained in excellent enantioselectivity (89-99% ee).
Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general population (1993)

In a general population sample, we determined incidence of dementia and of probable AD and will use these incident cases for study of precursors and natural history in this elderly cohort, which has been under close surveillance for over 40 years.
Targeting and killing glioblastoma with monoclonal antibody to <i>O</i>-acetyl GD2 ganglioside (2016)

There are still unmet medical needs in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most common and the most aggressive glioma of all brain tumors. Here, we found that O-acetyl GD2 is expressed in surgically resected human glioblastoma tissue. In addition, we demonstrated that 8B6 monoclonal antibody specific for O-acetylat GD2 could effectively inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that O-acetylated GD2 represents a novel antigen for immunotherapeutic-based treatment of high-grade gliomas.
Influence of sympathetic innervation on the membrane electrical properties of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in culture. (1991)

Co-cultures of rat ventricular myocytes and sympathetic neurons were established. Superior cervical ganglia and ventricles from newborn rats were enzymatically dissociated and plated in a culture dish. Experiments were done between the 3rd (when evidence of neuron-myocyte proximity arises) and the 5th day in culture (before the myocytes become confluent). Simultaneous intracellular recording from a cardiomyocyte and an attached neuron was done using conventional microelectrode techniques (resistance of 60-100 Mohm). The myocytes in co-culture were either quiescent or spontaneously contracting. The contracting cells were either latent pacemaker or ventricular-like myocytes. The action potential (AP) characteristics of cardiomyocytes in co-cultures were comparable to those recorded in cardiomyocytes in pure cultures. Sympathetic innervation of the cardiomyocytes in co-cultures was evidenced by stimulating the neuron and observing an increase in rate of beating in latent pacemaker myocytes (average increase of 19.4 +/- 4.6%). In quiescent cardiomyocytes, neural stimulation evoked a slow depolarization that can reach threshold and initiate APs in the cell. This response is similar to slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) observed in other synapses. Slow ESPSs could also be recorded in spontaneous beating cells, made quiescent by nifedipine (1x10(-6)-1x10(-7) M). These results indicate that functional synaptic contacts are developed in co-culture of sympathetic neurons and cardiac myocytes, and slow EPSPs can be evoked in cardiomyocytes as well as in other excitable cells. The sympathetic innervation occurring in culture did not significantly modify the spontaneous AP characteristics of the cardiomyocytes.
Substance P signaling mediates BMP-dependent heterotopic ossification (2011)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a disabling condition associated with neurologic injury, inflammation, and overactive bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The inductive factors involved in lesion formation are unknown. We found that the expression of the neuro-inflammatory factor Substance P (SP) is dramatically increased in early lesional tissue in patients who have either fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) or acquired HO, and in three independent mouse models of HO. In Nse-BMP4, a mouse model of HO, robust HO forms in response to tissue injury; however, null mutations of the preprotachykinin (PPT) gene encoding SP prevent HO. Importantly, ablation of SP(+) sensory neurons, treatment with an antagonist of SP receptor NK1r, deletion of NK1r gene, or genetic down-regulation of NK1r-expressing mast cells also profoundly inhibit injury-induced HO. These observations establish a potent neuro-inflammatory induction and amplification circuit for BMP-dependent HO lesion formation, and identify novel molecular targets for prevention of HO.
RSFQ multiplexer and demultiplexer (1999)

An 1:8 RSFQ demultiplexer (DEMUX) and an 8:1 RSFQ multiplexer (MUX) were designed, simulated and optimized to operate at about 20 GHz. Both the inputs and outputs of the DEMUX are complementary dual-rail signals. The basic 2-bit DEMUX module is a self-clocked dual-rail T flip-flop. This DEMUX has a simpler structure than an earlier version of a data-driven-self-timed (DDST) DEMUX developed in our laboratory; however its simulated dc bias margin is (-20%, +20%), which is lower than the more complex device (-29%, +29%). The MUX takes lower data rate single-rail inputs and combines them sequentially into a single output. The complementary output is recovered from the output itself to facilitate interfacing to other dual-rail circuits on chip. The calculated dc bias margin is (-30 %, +28%). Circuit functionality is verified for the 2-bit MUX and the 2-bit DEMUX at low speed. An on-chip high-speed test system is designed to evaluate operation of the MUX and DEMUX at 20 GHz. The circuits are fabricated using a 1 kA/cm/sup 2/ niobium process at both UCB and HYPRES.
LOADING SPECTRUM EXPERIENCED BY BRIDGE STRUCTURES IN THE UNITED STATES. FINAL REPORT (1985)

Amphibian populations have been declining worldwide and the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. We examined environmentally induced phenotypic changes that may reflect ongoing stresses on individuals and therefore their ability to persist in increasingly changing landscapes. Specifically, we evaluated the contribution of habitat loss on the size, allometry, and levels of fluctuating asymmetry of Eleutherodactylus antillensis and E. coqui, 2 common species that are endemic to Puerto Rico. We x-rayed frogs collected at 9 sites that differed in the amount of forest cover and measured their snout-vent, radio-ulna, femur, and tibio-fibula lengths. E. antillensis and E. coqui were smaller in the highly disturbed (< or =20% forest cover) than in the intermediately (20-70% forest cover) and little-disturbed (> or =70% forest cover) landscapes. In E. antillensis but not in E. coqui, the slope and intercept of the curves relating snout-vent length with the length of the 3 bones differed with degree of forest cover, suggesting an effect of habitat loss on body shape. In E. antillensis and E. coqui, differences between right and left sides corresponded to true fluctuating asymmetry; however, only the radio-ulna length of E. coqui showed a trend toward an increase in fluctuating asymmetry with habitat loss. Because body size scales with a variety of physiological, life history, and ecological traits, conservation programs aimed at monitoring morphological changes in amphibians may help in understanding the mechanisms that contribute to their persistence in changing environments.
The Basic Science of Radiofrequency-Based Devices (2021)

This chapter outlines the basic science and specific principles of operation for radiofrequency (RF) technologies with a focus on minimally-invasive applications enhancing liposuction procedure. Before discussing the parameters, settings and techniques for radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis (RFAL) and fractional RF subdermal treatment, it is important to understand the fundamentals of the basic science of RF technologies and applications. The chapter accurately describes the physics of the processes occurring during RF-based treatment, and the factors affecting its safe and efficacious outcome. The discussion of RF-based devices will use terminology and definitions provided by FDA guidance for electrosurgical devices. Measurements and computer simulations conducted by the authors to illustrate importance of different parameters for the specific treatments of skin and subcutaneous fat are also presented.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α: The role of this multifunctional cytokine in asthma (2001)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is recognized as an important mediator in many cytokine- dependent inflammatory events. It is known that TNF-alpha is released in allergic responses from both mast cells and macrophages via IgE-dependent mechanisms, and elevated levels have been demonstrated in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of asthmatic subjects undergoing allergen challenge. Inhaled TNF-alpha increases airway responsiveness to methacholine in normal and asthmatic subjects associated with a sputum neutrophilia. Additional data indicate that TNF-alpha can upregulate adhesion molecules, facilitate the immigration of inflammatory cells into the airway wall and activate pro-fibrotic mechanisms in the subepithelium. These data suggest that TNF-alpha plays a role in the initiation of allergic asthmatic airway inflammation and the generation of airway hyper-reactivity. In addition, polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha gene 5' untranslated region, particularly at -308 bp, have been described as being associated with asthma. This polymorphism is associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha, but as yet, no asthma studies have demonstrated a phenotypic difference between those individuals with the polymorphism and those with the wild type gene. The TNF receptors (TNF-R p55 and p75), also known as CD120a and b, have also been shown to be present in the lung, but their functional importance is only just emerging. In asthma, TNF may function as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes the recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Treatment directed specifically at a reduction in TNF-alpha activity may conceivably be useful as a glucocorticosteroid-sparing asthma therapy.
Induction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dopamine-Producing Cells with Different Differentiation Protocols (2008)

Several reports have shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating outside the mesenchymal lineage. We sought to induce MSCs to differentiate into dopamine-producing cells for potential use in autologous transplantation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Following cell culture with various combinations of differentiation agents under serum-free defined conditions, different levels of up-regulation were observed in the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Further analysis of selected differentiation protocols revealed that the induced cells displayed a neuron-like morphology and expressed markers suggesting neuronal differentiation. In addition, there was an increase in Nurr 1, the dopaminergic transcription factor gene, concomitant with a decrease gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic marker expression, suggesting a specific dopaminergic direction. Moreover, the induced cells secreted dopamine in response to depolarization. These results demonstrate the great therapeutic potential of human MSCs in PD.
Formation of pigments by the tissue culture of Cassia occidentalis. (1985)

From the callus of Cassia occidentalis LINN., six anthraquinones [islandicin, chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, questin, and 7-methylphyscion (1)], a bianthrone (chrysophanol-10, 10'-bianthrone), three tetrahydroanthracenes [germichrysone, methylgermitorosone, and 7-methyltorosachrysone (2)], and a xanthone (pinselin) were isolated. The structures of the two new compounds, 1 and 2, were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.
Vision chip architecture using general-purpose processing elements for 1 ms vision system (2002)

This paper describes a vision chip architecture for high-speed vision systems that we propose. The chip has general-purpose processing elements (PEs) in massively parallel architecture, with each PE directly connected to photo-detectors. Control programs allow various visual processing applications and algorithms to be implemented. A sampling rate of 1 ms is enough to realize high-speed visual feedback for robot control. To integrate as many PEs as possible on a single chip a compact design is required, so we aim to create a very simple architecture. The sample design has been implemented into an FPGA chip; a full custom chip has also been designed and has been submitted for fabrication.
Discovery Algorithm for Network Topology Based on SNMP (2015)

Since computer network has become the basis of the information society, network topology has also become an important part of network management. The theory foundation of the network topology algorithm based on SNMP has been introduced in this paper, and the algorithms of network topology discovery based on SNMP have been mainly focused on. The algorithms in the network layer and link layer have been compared and expounded, and then the advantages and disadvantages of them have been summarized in the end.
Survey points to practices that reduce refinery maintenance spending (1994)

During the past decade, Solomon Associates Inc., Dallas, has conducted several comparative analyses of maintenance costs in the refining industry. These investigations have brought to light maintenance practices and reliability improvement activities that are responsible for the wide range of maintenance costs recorded by refineries. Some of the practices are of an organizational nature and thus are of interest to managers reviewing their operations. The paper discusses maintenance costs; profitability; cost trends; equipment availability; funds application; two basic organizational approached to maintenance (repair-focused organization and reliability-focused organization); low-cost practices; and organizational style.
Motion vector refinement for video downsampling in the DCT domain (2002)

This letter presents a fast motion vector refinement (MVR) for video downsampling in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. To reduce the computational complexity of the MVR, we propose a fast search algorithm, based on minimizing the number of required checkpoints, and a computationally efficient method for extracting the motion-compensated DCT (MC-DCT) block. Compared to the known extraction method of the MC-DCT block, the proposed method requires fewer than one-half the multiplications and additions.
X-ray spectrometry for particulate air pollution. Quantitative comparison of techniques (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray spectrometry for particulate air pollution. Quantitative comparison of techniquesJ. V. Gilfrich, P. G. Burkhalter, and L. S. BirksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 12, 2002–2009Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60334a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60334a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factor Xa Inhibitors (2004)

Serine proteases play an important role in the process of thrombogenesis. In the coagulation network, various serine proteases are activated that facilitate the formation of factor Xa (). The serine protease factor Xa has a central role in coagulation and platelet activation. Factor Xa is an essential component of the prothrombinase complex, and leads to the formation of thrombin. Thus, the inhibition of factor Xa represents an important strategy in the development of new antithrombotic drugs.
Ischemic preconditioning slows energy metabolism and delays ultrastructural damage during a sustained ischemic episode. (1990)

We have shown previously that preconditioning myocardium with four 5-minute episodes of ischemia and reperfusion dramatically limited the size of infarcts caused by a subsequent 40-minute episode of sustained ischemia. The current study was undertaken to assess whether the same preconditioning protocol slowed the loss of high energy phosphates, limited catabolite accumulation, and/or delayed ultrastructural damage during a sustained ischemic episode. Myocardial metabolites and ultrastructure in the severely ischemic subendocardial regions were compared between control and preconditioned canine hearts. Hearts (four to 10 per group) were excised after 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 minutes of sustained ischemia. All groups had comparable collateral blood flow. Preconditioned hearts developed ultrastructural injury more slowly than controls; evidence of irreversible injury was observed after 20 minutes in controls but not until 40 minutes in preconditioned hearts. Furthermore, after 40 minutes of ischemia, irreversible injury was homogeneous in controls but only focal in preconditioned myocardium. Preconditioning reduced starting levels of ATP by 29%. Nevertheless, it also slowed the rate of ATP depletion during the episode of sustained ischemia, so that after 10 minutes of ischemia, preconditioned hearts had more ATP than controls. However, after 40 minutes, ATP contents were not significantly different between groups. Preservation of ATP resulted from reduced ATP utilization and was not due to increased ATP production. Accumulation of purine nucleosides and bases (products of adenine nucleotide degradation) was limited in preconditioned myocardium. Accumulation of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and lactate also was reduced markedly by preconditioning, due to reduced rates of glycogen breakdown and and anaerobic glycolysis. We propose that preconditioning reduces myocardial energy demand during ischemia, which results in a reduced rate of high energy phosphate utilization and a reduced rate of anaerobic glycolysis. Either preservation of ATP or reduction of the cellular load of catabolites may be responsible for delaying ischemic cell death.
Multiple fault diagnosis by sensitizing input pairs (1995)

Interpolating subdivision schemes let users adjust coordinates of a 3D object's initial vertices, generate new vertices, and replace the original mesh with more and smaller polygons to make the object's surface smoother. Two new schemes for triangular meshes extend and combine existing schemes to improve the process and its results.
Design considerations for electromagnetic couplers in contactless power transmission systems for deep-sea applications (2010)

In underwater applications of contactless power transmission (CLPT) systems, high pressure and noncoaxial operations will change the parameters of electromagnetic (EM) couplers. As a result, the system will divert from its optimum performance. Using a reluctance modeling method, we investigated the gap effects on the EM coupler in deep-sea environment. Calculations and measurements were performed to analyze the influence of high pressure and noncoaxial alignments on the coupler. It was shown that it is useful to set a relatively large gap between cores to reduce the influence of pressure. Experiments were carried out to verify the transferring capacity of the designed coupler and system for a fixed frequency. The results showed that an EM coupler with a large gap can serve a stable and efficient power transmission for the CLPT system. The designed system can transfer more than 400 W electrical power with a 2-mm gap in the EM coupler, and the efficiency was up to 90% coaxially and 87% non-coaxially in 40 MPa salt water. Finally, a mechanical layout of a 400 W EM coupler for the underwater application in 4000-m deep sea was proposed.
Improvements in Photomultipliers with Total Internal Reflection Sensitivity Enhancement (1968)

An improved geometry for coupling a beam into a photomultiplier with total internal reflection sensitivity enhancement is described which allows this technique to be used with large sized beams. The equations giving the increase of the photocathode's absorption efficiency by the use of internal reflection within the window are discussed and conditions for best performance specified. The calculations, based on modifications of experimentally verified equations employed in internal reflection spectroscopy, predict that cathodes only a few monolayers thick could be made to absorb almost all the light falling on them in very few reflections. It then is shown that this will result in high quantum efficiencies with a much reduced spectral dependence. Particularly high increases may be expected for the less efficient cathodes such as S-1. The procedure is shown to relax the requirements on electron escape depth and absorption coefficient of the cathode material so much that the range of possible materials is considerably enlarged. Also, surface and defect level photoemitters will become practical. This and the change of work function with material thickness raise the possibility of extending the region of operation of photomultipliers more into the ir. Photomultipliers so built could also show a higher frequency response to modulated light beams. Finally, means of reducing the dark current and obtaining the multiplex gain in these photomultipliers are discussed.
Bioética estadística: La estadística y las mentiras. (2015)

Historicamente, en algunos casos, cuando se analizan y presentan datos; los resultados han dependido de los intereses de quienes los presentan. En este documento se pretende analizar los elementos eticos necesarios en investigacion cientifica para el desarrollo de modelos de estadistica descriptiva e inferencial. Las mentiras en la aplicacion de metodos estadisticos pueden ser el resultado involuntario de la Ignorancia del investigador o de una decision ilogica, considerando a la logica como un elemento primordial en la metodologia estadistica; cuando se tiene el deseo real, el conocimiento y el compromiso de reflejar los resultados adecuados, no es posible tomar una decision estadistica incorrecta. Cuando se deba presentar un modelo estadistico, el investigador tiene la obligacion de informar, en terminos detallados y de forma explicita, el modelo estadistico (descriptivo y analitico) y no solo exclusivamente los resultados finales o concluyentes (Valor p).