gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Range Acoustic Correlation Current Profiler (2005)

A new low frequency, long range acoustic correlation current profiller (ACCP) has recently been built and tested. Results indicate that water profiles were successfully measured to depths of approximately U00 meters and seabed returns were recorded to depths of approximately 5000 meters. The ACCP water profiles agree with both the Doppler results and theoretical predictions for signal-to-noise ratio and variance. relatively wide beam acoustic transducer of angular width 8 and frequency f.,. The returning pressure waves are monitored in time at differing spatial locations. The signal return from one receiver at a time, t, will be highly correlated with the return from another receiver at a time e+ P, provided that the scatters have moved exactly one-half the spatial vector difference between the two receivers in a time T,. This effect is referred to as fl). Equivalently, implies that the time domain return from a series of stationary scatterers depends not on the exact location of the transmitter and receiver, but rather only on the midpoint of the line segment which joins the transmitter and receiver. The principle of waveform invariant geometry assumes only that the vertical distance to the scatterers is large compared to the transducer element separation. For the correlation sonar, the transducer separations are typically of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of sound, and therefore this approximation applies in almost every conceivable case. Another interesting feature of waveform invariance is the complete lack of any dependence of the horizontal velocity on the speed of sound in the water.
Teaching Technical Aspects of Human Factors to Electrical Engineers (1990)

Human factors aspects of engineering are growing in importance. In electrical engineering, considerations of public safety require understanding of the interaction of electrical energy with human tissue. Human sensory performance, perception and cognition determine many design parameters of communication and computer systems. These human factors matters, which are essentially technical, can be successfully integrated into all levels of electrical engineering curricula.
Height and cancer risk in a network of case‐control studies from northern Italy (1990)

The relationship between self-reported height and cancer risk was investigated in an integrated series of case-control studies including 273 cases of cancer of the oesophagus, 474 of the stomach, 558 of the colon, 352 of the rectum, 227 of the liver, 267 of the pancreas, 110 of the larynx, 2,388 of the breast, 545 of the cervix uteri, 563 of the endometrium, 688 of the ovary, 80 of the prostate, 263 of the bladder, 105 of the kidney, 43 Hodgkin's disease, 152 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 109 multiple myelomas, and a total of 5,574 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. No significant positive trend in risk was observed for any of the cancer sites considered, and some suggestion of elevated risks for the upper quintile of height was observed only for prostate (relative risk, RR = 1.4), kidney (RR = 2.7) and colon (RR = 1.2) in males (but not in females). For breast cancer, all the RRs for subsequent quintiles of height were close to unity. Four neoplasms showed significant inverse trends with height: oesophagus (RR = 0.7 for highest vs. lowest quintile), cervix (RR = 0.4), endometrium (RR = 0.7) and ovary (RR = 0.6). For oesophagus and cervix the trends could be explained, at least in part, in terms of social class correlates (multivariate RR 0.8 and 0.5, respectively), while for endometrium they could possibly be related to an inverse correlation between height and body mass (multivariate RR 0.9). Thus, our study did not support the hypothesis that nutrition in childhood and adolescence (which in this population is a determinant of adult height) is directly related to the subsequent risk of cancer at several major cancer sites. A number of inverse associations emerged, which may be either spurious and incidental, or suggest that poorer nutrition early in life may be an unfavourable indicator of the subsequent risk of selected neoplasms.
Molecular genetic analysis of the region containing the essential Pseudomonas aeruginosa asd gene encoding aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (1997)

asd mutants of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria have an obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid (DAP), an essential constituent of the cell wall of these organisms. In environments deprived of DAP, for example mammalian tissues, they will undergo lysis. This was previously exploited to develop vaccine strains of Salmonella typhimurium and cloning vectors containing asd as an in vivo selectable marker. As a first step for development of such systems for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the asd gene from wild-type strain PAO1 was cloned by a combined approach of PCR amplification from chromosomal DNA, construction of mini-libraries and by complementation of an Escherichia coli delta asd mutant. The nucleotide sequence of a 2433 bp Smal-Nsil fragment was determined. This fragment contained the C-terminal 47 nucleotides of leuB, encoding 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase; asd, encoding aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd); and orfA, whose product showed similarity to the Asd proteins from Vibrio spp. By subcloning, asd was localized to a 1.24 kb DNA fragment which in an E. coli T7 expression system strongly expressed a 40,000 Da protein. The amino acid sequence was deduced from the DNA sequence. A comparison of the Asd proteins from P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Haemophilus influenzae revealed greater than 63% identity, demonstrating the conserved nature of Asd in Gram-negative bacteria, and defined the active-site-containing consensus sequence GGNCTVXMLMXXXLGLF as a possible signature motif. Chromosomal delta asd mutants were isolated. They were auxotrophic for DAP, lysine, methionine and threonine, and lysed in the absence of DAP. Genetic analyses indicated that orfA probably is naturally frame-shifted and does not contribute to the Asd phenotype. By PFGE, the asd gene was mapped to between coordinates 1.89 and 2.15 Mbp, or 37-40 min, on the 5.9 Mbp P. aeruginosa chromosome.
Controlling Qubit Networks in Polynomial Time (2018)

Future quantum devices often rely on favorable scaling with respect to the number of system components. To achieve desirable scaling, it is therefore crucial to implement unitary transformations in a time that scales at most polynomial in the number of qubits. We develop an upper bound for the minimum time required to implement a unitary transformation on a generic qubit network in which each of the qubits is subject to local time dependent controls. Based on the developed upper bound, the set of gates is characterized that can be implemented polynomially in time. Furthermore, we show how qubit systems can be concatenated through controllable two body interactions, making it possible to implement the gate set efficiently on the combined system. Finally, a system is identified for which the gate set can be implemented with fewer controls.
Interface of Candida albicans Biofilm Matrix-Associated Drug Resistance and Cell Wall Integrity Regulation (2011)

Candida albicans frequently infects medical devices by growing as a biofilm, i.e., a community of adherent organisms entrenched in an extracellular matrix. During biofilm growth, Candida spp. acquire the ability to resist high concentrations of antifungal drugs. One recently recognized biofilm resistance mechanism involves drug sequestration by matrix β-1,3 glucan. Using a candidate gene approach, we investigated potential C. albicans β-1,3-glucan regulators, based on their homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including SMI1 and protein kinase C (PKC) pathway components. We identified a role for the SMI1 in biofilm matrix glucan production and development of the associated drug resistance phenotype. This pathway appears to act through transcription factor Rlmp and glucan synthase Fks1p. The phenotypes of these mutant biofilms mimicked those of the smi1Δ/smi1Δ biofilm, and overexpression of FKS1 in the smi1Δ/smi1Δ mutant restored the biofilm resistant phenotype. However, control of this pathway is distinct from that of the upstream PKC pathway because the pkc1Δ/pkc1Δ, bck1Δ/bck1Δ, mkk2Δ/mkk2Δ, and mkc1Δ/mkc1Δ biofilms retained the resistant phenotype of the parent strain. In addition, resistance to cell-perturbing agents and gene expression data do not support a significant role for the cell wall integrity pathway during the biofilm formation. Here we show that Smi1p functions in conjunction with Rlm1p and Fks1p to produce drug-sequestering biofilm β-glucan. Our work provides new insight into how the C. albicans biofilm matrix production and drug resistance pathways intersect with the planktonic cell wall integrity pathway. This novel connection helps explain how pathogens in a multicellular biofilm community are protected from anti-infective therapy.
GAMMA SONDE FINDS INTERFACE IN PROPANE STORAGE RESERVOIR (1963)

ABS>Theory and laboratory study that led to a gamma sonde for determining the propane/brine interface in a propane storage system hollowed out of salt is given. Laboratory and field tests indicate the sonde performs very well. (D.C.W.)
A novel algorithm and web-based tool for comparing two alternative phylogenetic trees (2005)

The software is implemented as a Java applet at http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/personal/thomas/phylo_comparison/comparison_page.html. It is also available on request from the authors.
PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES. XI. 3-CARBETHOXY-4-PIPERIDONE AND 4-PIPERIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES. XI. 3-CARBETHOXY-4-PIPERIDONE AND 4-PIPERIDONE HYDROCHLORIDEGlen M. Kuettel and S. M. McElvainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 7, 2692–2696Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01358a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01358a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification and DNA sequence of an interspersed repetitive DNA element in the genome of the miniature swine (1987)

Journal Article Identification and DNA sequence of an interspersed repetitive DNA element in the genome of the miniature swine Get access Dinah S. singer, Dinah S. singer Immunology Branch,NIH,Bethesda,MD 20892,USA and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie J. Parent, Leslie J. Parent Immunology Branch,NIH,Bethesda,MD 20892,USA and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rachel Ehrlich Rachel Ehrlich Immunology Branch,NIH,Bethesda,MD 20892,USA and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 6, 25 March 1987, Page 2780, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.6.2780 Published: 25 March 1987 Article history Received: 06 January 1987 Published: 25 March 1987
Proposed near-term, 1-Gbps space laser communications demonstration system (1996)

The Laser Communications Demonstration System (LCDS) Phase A/B was initiated by NASA-Headquarters through JPL to show that improvements in both technology and multi- discipline system engineering expertise since the initiation of previous programs enable the practical demonstration of space laser communication terminals that exhibit the anticipated benefits relative to rf communications. This paper presents an overview of the Laser Communication Demonstration System as developed by the Ball team.
Electron cyclotron resonance assisted low temperature ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition of Si using silane (1991)

Deposition of single-crystal homoepitaxial Si at low temperatures assisted by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) generated plasma using a mixture of helium and silane gases in an ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) chamber is reported. The pure silane gas is introduced into the UHVCVD chamber through a showerhead located above the substrate and is excited indirectly by the helium plasma brought downstream from the ECR chamber. At a chamber pressure of 5×10−4 Torr epitaxial single-crystal Si can be obtained at a substrate temperature Ts as low as 400 °C. Variation of the deposition rate with respect to the microwave power, Pμ, at different temperatures suggests a hydrogen inhibited deposition process at low temperatures. At 460 °C the deposition rate increases with Pμ below 60 W and saturates for Pμ beyond this value. On the other hand, at a Ts of 610 °C, this saturation effect is not observed and the deposition rate increases linearly with Pμ. In this plasma-assisted deposition, a much reduced Ts dependence of the deposition rate is observed. We have used this deposition technique successfully in obtaining a Si3N4/(epi-Si) metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitor with an interface trap density of 2×1010 eV−1 cm−2 as determined by the conductance method.
Absolute Phase Shift of Phase Conjugators (1986)

We present theoretical expressions and experimental measurements of the absolute phase shifts of phase conjugators. Photorefractive media, transparent media, saturable absorbers and saturable amplifiers are considered in the analysis. Experimental measurements of the absolute phase shifts are presented for barium titanate, strontium barium niobate and ruby.
Pathogenesis and preventive and therapeutic trials in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by a virus. (1987)

An animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy following encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus has been developed. Virus was isolated from mouse hearts and viral antigens were detected in the myocardium until the second week of infection, but neither was found thereafter. Differences were found among different strains of mice in the frequency of occurrence and severity of myocarditis, and even in the character of the pathologic lesions. Thus, genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis. Autoantibodies against heart developed and the distribution of cardiac myosin isoenzymes was altered during the course of myocarditis. Virus, vaccine, maternal vaccination, recombinant interferon alpha A/D and ribavirin were effective in protecting the mice from developing myocarditis. This animal model is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and evaluating preventive and therapeutic interventions of the condition.
Extending the Reach of Coiled Tubing in Directional Wells with Downhole Motors (2014)

Abstract A rigorous study has dispelled a longtime myth about coiled-tubing technology. The inability to rotate the tubing limits its reach in the lateral section of the wellbore. Past and current extended-reach techniques for coiled-tubing drilling (CTD) have not been sufficient (individually) in significantly increasing the reach of the tubing in the wellbore; often four or five extended-reach methods are combined to have significant tubing displacement in the wellbore, which is quite expensive to do. After much rigorous investigations and computer simulation tests, the study has demonstrated that a downhole motor (second motor) can be employed in extending significantly the reach of coiled tubing in the wellbore. This technique is expected to also improve hole cleaning process (during CTD), since the configuration allows for the rotation of the coiled tubing string. With the proposed technology having two tubing segments (rotating and nonrotating segments), the investigations show that the two segments will not buckle under applied torsional loads in the course of using a hydraulic downhole motor. But the nonrotating segment of the tubing string will be subjected to severe twisting. Downhole electric motors and a dynamic torque anchor (or full-gaged stabilizer) coupled to a hydraulic motor can be employed to achieve the primary aim of the technology and prevent twisting of the nonrotating segment (the twisting of the segment destabilizes the drilling process). Although the use of a dynamic torque anchor or full-gaged stabilizer can be employed in arresting the twisting moment, it induces high frictional forces, which reduce the lateral displacement of the tubing (relative to an electrodrill). To solve this problem, a new "dynamic torque arrestor" has been proposed in this project. The simulation tests show that the lateral displacements of the tubing in the wellbore (when the newly proposed dynamic torque arrestor is coupled to a hydraulic motor) are greater than the displacements achieved with the use of dynamic torque anchor or full-gaged stabilizer. Since the proposed technology does not require the intense modification of the current configuration of the coiled tubing unit, its application will be inexpensive.
Acoustic Parameters in Speaker Height and Weight Identification: Sex-Specific Behaviour (1995)

This study examines the ability of listeners to judge speaker height and weight from speech samples. Although previous investigations indicate that listeners are consistent in estimating body characteristics, it is not known which speech signal parameters are being used by the listeners for such estimates. Therefore, a series of listening tests was carried out in which male and female listeners judged the height and weight from male and female speakers reading isolated words and two text paragraphs. Both speaker sex and listener sex turned out to be important factors: Significant correlations between estimated height/weight and actual height/weight were found only for male speakers. The majority of these estimates came from the male listeners. Neither male nor female listeners, however, were able to estimate female speaker height or weight. Regression analysis involving F0, formant frequencies, energy below 1 kHz, and speech rate showed no significant correlations between these parameters and actually measured speaker height and weight, the only exception being a significant correlation between male speaker weight and speech rate. Furthermore, regression data suggested that the listeners (correctly) used speech rate information in judging male speaker weight, whereas low F0 and formant frequency values (wrongly) were taken to indicate large speaker body dimensions.
STUDIES ON THE NUTRITION OF PHYTOPHTHORA CRYPTOGEA (1961)

Phytophthora cryptogea, cause of a root disease of alfalfa, grew well over a wide range of pH values (5.6–7.2) on a synthetic medium containing sucrose as the carbon source. The fungus also grew well on glucose and soluble starch. L-Asparagine was the most favorable source of nitrogen, but failed to support growth of a variant obtained from a single germinated oospore. Low concentrations of CaCl 2∙ 2H 2 O stimulated growth of P. cryptogea, P. drcehsleri, P. parasitica, and P. boehmeriae. The minimal concentration of thiamine for growth was between 12 and 25 μg/liter. Soil extract, representing 50% or 90% of the volume of the synthetic medium, did not supply the thiamine requirement or stimulate growth of the fungus. Alfalfa root extract, alone or added to the synthetic medium, not only satisfied the thiamine requirement of the fungus but produced about 30% more mycelial growth than the complete synthetic medium.
Diversity of Tn<i>4001</i>Transposition Products: the Flanking IS<i>256</i>Elements Can Form Tandem Dimers and IS Circles (2002)

We show that both flanking IS256 elements carried by transposon Tn4001 are capable of generating head-to-tail tandem copies and free circular forms, implying that both are active. Our results suggest that the tandem structures arise from dimeric copies of the donor or vector plasmid present in the population by a mechanism in which an IS256 belonging to one Tn4001 copy attacks an IS256 end carried by the second Tn4001 copy. The resulting structures carry abutted left (inverted left repeat [IRL]) and right (inverted right repeat [IRR]) IS256 ends. Examination of the junction sequence suggested that it may form a relatively good promoter capable of driving transposase synthesis in Escherichia coli. This behavior resembles that of an increasing number of bacterial insertion sequences which generate integrative junctions as part of the transposition cycle. Sequence analysis of the IRL-IRR junctions demonstrated that attack of one end by the other is largely oriented (IRL attacks IRR). Our experiments also defined the functional tips of IS256 as the tips predicted from sequence alignments, confirming that the terminal 4 bp at each end are indeed different. The appearance of these multiple plasmid and transposon forms indicates that care should be exercised when Tn4001 is used in transposition mutagenesis. This is especially true when it is used with naturally transformable hosts, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which reconstitution of the donor plasmid may select for higher-order multimers.
Adaptive Binarization of Historical Document Images (2006)

In this paper, we present a binarization technique specifically designed for historical document images. Existing methods for this problem focus on either finding a good global threshold or adapting the threshold for each area so that to remove smear, strains, uneven illumination etc. We propose a hybrid approach that first applies a global thresholding method and, then, identifies the image areas that are more likely to still contain noise. Each of these areas is re-processed separately to achieve better quality of binarization. We evaluate the proposed approach for different kinds of degradation problems. The results show that our method can handle hard cases while documents already in good condition are not affected drastically.
Power dissipation in division (2008)

A few classes of algorithms to implement division in hardware have been used over the years: division by digit-recurrence, by reciprocal approximation by iterative methods and by polynomial approximation. Due to the differences in the algorithms, a comparison among their implementation in terms of performance and precision is sometimes hard to make. In this work, we use power dissipation and energy consumption as metrics to compare among those different classes of algorithms. There are no previous works in the literature presenting such a comparison.
Engineering sortase A by screening a second‐generation library using phage display (2017)

Sortase‐mediated ligation is one of the most commonly used chemo‐enzymatic techniques for the site‐specific modification of proteins. We have established a new library of sortase mutants for directed evolution of sortase substrate selectivity. Phage display screens of this second‐generation library yielded sortase mutants that ligate substrate proteins containing an APxTG or FPxTG recognition sequence instead of the canonical LPxTG sorting motif. These findings indicate that the second‐generation sortase library is well suited for sortase engineering in order to increase the versatility of sortase‐mediated ligation. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.