gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure Probability of Axially Cracked Steam Generator Tubes: A Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Model (1992)

A model for estimating the failure probability of axially cracked steam generator tubes is proposed. The model compares observed crack length distribution with critical crack length distribution by means of probabilistic fracture mechanics. The observed crack length is influenced by measured data, measurement reliability, sizing accuracy, and predicted crack growth rate. The critical crack length is defined by a deterministic mechanical model. All cracks are conservatively assumed to extend through the tube wall. The effect of the plugging limit is studied along with the number of cracked tubes to perform risk-based lifetime optimization of steam generators. A numerical example presented considers hypothetical accidental operating conditions during a feedwater line break.
Copper loss minimizing control of Doubly Fed Wound Machine (2015)

For efficient control of electrical machines, it is necessary to generate a current command set that satisfies a minimum copper loss condition, where the iron loss can be neglected. In Doubly Fed Wound Machine (DFWM), of which the stator and rotor are fed by two voltage sources, more efficient control is possible since the rotor currents are also controlled, but the calculation of the optimal current command set is more difficult than in the cases of single inverter fed systems. In this paper, the stator and rotor current command set for the minimum copper loss of DFWM is mathematically determined, considering constraints of the stator and rotor currents, the rotor flux, and the stator and rotor voltages. In addition, the torque control method based on the result is proposed. The experimental results of a wound machine are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed control method.
Enzymic resolution and binding to rat brain membranes of the glutamic acid agonist .alpha.-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (1983)

The enantiomers of the glutamic acid central nervous system receptor agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) were prepared via kinetic resolution of the racemic N-acetylated 3-methoxy derivative by reusable, immobilized aminoacylase. L-AMPA was more effective (IC50 = 0.6 microM) than D-AMPA (IC50 = 4.8 microM) in displacing racemic [3H]AMPA from binding sites on rat brain synaptic membranes in agreement with their relative in vivo excitatory potencies.
Fluidization, Solids Handling, and Processing: Industrial Applications (1998)

Fluidized Bed Scale-up Pressure and Temperature Effects in Fluid-Particle Systems Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds Gas Distributor and Plenum Design in Fluidized Beds Engineering and Application so Recirculating and Jetting Fluidized Beds Fluidized Bed Coating and Granulation Attrition in Fluidized Beds and Pneumatic Conveying Lines Bubbleless Fluidization Industrial Applications of Three-Phase Fluidization Dense Phase Conveying Design Considerations of Long-Distance Pneumatic Transport and Pipe Branching Cyclone Design Electrostatics and Dust Explosions in Powder Handling.
Reversible Plasmonic Circular Dichroism of Au Nanorod and DNA Assemblies (2012)

Reversible plasmonic circular dichroism (CD) responses are realized for the first time based on temperature-dependent assembly and disassembly of Au nanorod (Au NR) and DNA hybrids. Compared with the conventional UV-vis absorption spectra, the changes in both intensity and line shape of plasmonic CD signals are much more pronounced, leading to a preliminary detection limit of DNA as low as 75 nM. The mechanism and influence factors of reversible plasmonic CD responses are explored.
Suppression of Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia by Immunoneutralization of Nerve Growth Factor in Lumbosacral Spinal Cord in Spinal Cord Injured Rats (2004)

Increased levels of NGF in the spinal cord could contribute to the emergence of DSD that is at least in part mediated by C-fiber bladder afferents after SCI. Thus suppression of NGF levels in afferent pathways could be useful for treating DSD following SCI.
On the mixed support of TDMA and SCPC for satellite disaster communications network (2017)

This paper presents basic considerations on the mixed support of TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and SCPC (Single Channel Per Carrier) transmission for satellite disaster communications network. Since each of TDMA and SCPC transmission has its own advantages in efficiency and flexibility according to the network characteristics, integral use of them could lead to the improvements in bandwidth utilization. We categorize the formation of bandwidth assignment into four scenarios and describes the characteristics of each scenario. First two scenarios are somewhat dedicated configurations of TDMA and SCPC in which each scheme occupies certain amount of bandwidth exclusively at least for a time period. Next two scenarios are totally integrated approaches that TDMA and SCPC traffic shares entire bandwidth by DAMA (Demand Assignment Multiple Access) mechanism. This category seems to provide better adaptability to the network variations yielding better efficient utilizations. No one of the scenarios has the best performance for every situation of network characteristics, and thus the trade-offs are carefully considered for the specific operational environment.
Dinitroso and polynitroso compounds (2005)

The growing interest in the chemistry of C-nitroso compounds (RN=O; R = alkyl or aryl group) is due in part to the recognition of their participation in various metabolic processes of nitrogen-containing compounds. C-Nitroso compounds have a rich organic chemistry in their own right, displaying interesting intra- and intermolecular dimerization processes and addition reactions with unsaturated compounds. In addition, they have a fascinating coordination chemistry. While most of the attention has been directed towards C-nitroso compounds containing a single -NO moiety, there is an emerging area of research dealing with dinitroso and polynitroso compounds. In this critical review, we present and discuss the synthetic routes and properties of these relatively unexplored dinitroso and polynitroso compounds, and suggest areas of further development involving these compounds. (126 references.).
Homolytic reactions of cubanes. Generation and characterization of cubyl and cubylcarbinyl radicals (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomolytic reactions of cubanes. Generation and characterization of cubyl and cubylcarbinyl radicalsErnest W. Della, Nicholas J. Head, Philip Mallon, and John C. WaltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10730–10738Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IMU navigation performance evaluation method based on signal grafting technology (2015)

In order to evaluate navigation performance of inertial measurement unit( IMU),convenient,efficient and low-cost evaluation methods are needed. A new method based on signal grafting is verified and analyzed,to evaluate the navigation performance of IMU. Three kinds of medium and low precision IMUs are used as samples,to check the evaluation effectiveness of the proposed method,the evaluation results using this method are compared with their actual road test results. Experimental results show that the navigation performances of the grafted IMU data matched much better with that of the real IMU data compared with the simulation IMU data. The proposed signal grafting method is not only reliable and feasible,but also low-cost and efficient,therefore,it has high application value in IMU performance evaluation of medium and low precision.
A software process line for service-oriented applications (2015)

The management of processes and systems is a complex and time-consuming activity for organizations and also an ongoing Information Technology (IT) challenge. Among the different approaches for bringing flexibility to the business processes and systems are Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Business Process Management (BPM). The SOA approach has become popular providing services and interfaces, enabling integration of heterogeneous and distributed platforms and BPM leverages the cycles of improvements, control and evaluation of business processes. BPM and SOA should work together aiming at improving business processes and evolving systems architecture. One main problem to apply BPM and SOA is the lack of established processes and this work proposes a software process line in order to simplify variability control and enable the instantiation of new development process applying BPM and SOA. It also aims at developing an environment to support the proposed software process line in order to automate the process, integrating industrial tools with one specifically developed to perform the transformation of UMA models into BPM notation. The main contribution of this work is the definition of the software process line for engineering service-oriented products. It is highly relevant to software industry since software process lines lacks experiments, practices and tools.
Extending a constructive solver with constraints inferred by variable topology parametrisation (1997)

The paper presents the internal graph-constructive representation of parametrised geometry in a CAD system that supports the design of objects with variable topology. A constructive constraint solver is extended by adding two implicit constraints: ed (equal distance) and ea (equal angle). The necessity of supporting both constraints in a model with structural parameters is argumented. The basic solvable patterns involving these constraints and the forming and merging of circularly linked clusters is presented. The applicability of the constraint solving to hierarchically structured parametric objects is also shown with a practical example.
Development of a Gravity-Assisted Gravel Pack System (1986)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a new gravel pack system that is designed to produce higher quality gravel packs in deviated wells. In deviated wells, gravel pack sand deposition is not uniform and a "duning" effect is observed. This duning phenomena has been identified in several studies and results in an incomplete pack of the screen-casing annulus. In conventional gravel packs, the sand is pumped from the top of the interval to the bottom. This new technique, termed Bottom-Up, reverses this flow and the gravel pack sand is pumped from the bottom of the interval to the top. This changes the way in which gravity acts on the sand particles and prevents "dunes" from forming. This allows for uniform placement of the sand in the screen-casing annulus. This new concept has been tested extensively in a full scale model to study the flow characteristics and packing efficiency. Several field jobs have recently been completed with deviations ranging from 0 to 67 degrees and intervals lengths from 20′ to 100′. In all cases the gravel pack evaluation log has shown 100% annular packing from the sump packer to directly below the top packer. These wells have also demonstrated high productivities during testing and production.
Evidence for Domain-specific Recognition of SK and Kv Channels by MTX and HsTx1 Scorpion Toxins (2004)

Maurotoxin (MTX) and HsTx1 are two scorpion toxins belonging to the alpha-KTx6 structural family. These 34-residue toxins, cross-linked by four disulfide bridges, share 59% sequence identity and fold along the classical alpha/beta scaffold. Despite these structural similarities, they fully differ in their pharmacological profiles. MTX is highly active on small (SK) and intermediate (IK) conductance Ca(2+)-activated (K(+)) channels and on voltage-gated Kv1.2 channel, whereas HsTx1 potently blocks voltage-gated Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 channels only. Here, we designed and chemically produced MTX-HsTx1, a chimera of both toxins that contains the N-terminal helical region of MTX (sequence 1-16) and the C-terminal beta-sheet region of HsTx1 (sequence 17-34). The three-dimensional structure of the peptide in solution was solved by (1)H NMR. MTX-HsTx1 displays the activity of MTX on SK channel, whereas it exhibits the pharmacological profile of HsTx1 on Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, and IK channels. These data demonstrate that the helical region of MTX exerts a key role in SK channel recognition, whereas the beta-sheet region of HsTx1 is crucial for activity on all other channel types tested.
Rationale and use of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids in artificial nutrition (2010)

Lipids traditionally used in artificial nutrition are based on n-6 fatty acid-rich vegetable oils like soyabean oil. This may not be optimal because it may present an excessive supply of linoleic acid. One alternative to the use of soyabean oil is its partial replacement by fish oil, which contains n-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids influence inflammatory and immune responses and so may be useful in particular situations where those responses are not optimal. Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions have been used in parenteral nutrition in adult patients post-surgery (mainly gastrointestinal). This has been associated with alterations in patterns of inflammatory mediators and in immune function and, in some studies, a reduction in length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Perioperative administration of fish oil may be superior to post-operative. Parenteral fish oil has been used in critically ill adults. Here the influence on inflammatory processes, immune function and clinical endpoints is not clear, since there are too few studies and those that are available report contradictory findings. Fish oil is included in combination with other nutrients in various enteral formulas. In post-surgical patients and in those with mild sepsis or trauma, there is clinical benefit from a formula including fish oil and arginine. A formula including fish oil, borage oil and antioxidants has demonstrated marked benefits on gas exchange, ventilation requirement, new organ failures, ICU stay and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury or severe sepsis.
Differential inactivation of inotropic and toxic digitalis receptors in ischemic dog heart. Molecular basis of the deleterious effects of digitalis. (1987)

When applied to ischemic hearts digitalis exhibits depressed inotropic effect and increased toxicity. The molecular basis of these effects was investigated at the level of the digitalis receptors characterized by Na,K-ATPase assays and [3H]ouabain-binding measurements. In sarcolemma obtained from dog hearts rendered ischemic for 15, 30, and 60 min (left anterior descending), two populations (high and low affinity) of digitalis receptors were detected. The apparent affinity (KD, 300 nM) and the binding capacity of the low-affinity sites (responsible for toxicity) remained constant and similar to those found in normal hearts. The KD value of the high-affinity sites, "responsible for inotropy," remained unchanged (2 nM), but the site number sharply decreased (up to 90%). These inotropic sites that account for 66% of the total binding in normals are gradually inactivated, as the duration of ischemia increases. This inactivation would occur in situ since it was detectable in homogenates and was not depressed by the isolation procedure per se. The loss of function of the inotropic sites and the increased contribution of the low-affinity toxic sites represent the setting of a new distribution of the digitalis receptors in the ischemic heart before reperfusion is instituted. This constitutes the molecular basis of the deleterious pharmacological effects observed with digitalis.
Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Abomasal Infusion of Amino Acids (1976)

Essential amino acids most limiting for milk production and/or secretion of milk protein were determined in five trials involving infusion of amino acids into the abomasum of lactating Holstein cows. Cows were fed corn-based rations containing 10.7 to 11.5% crude protein (dry matter basis) which exceeded standard allowances for energy. All trials were Latin-square designs with 9-day periods. The abomasal infusion of methionine had no effect on secretion of milk, milk protein, or milk fat. Lysine infusion resulted in 16% of the total response in yield of milk protein that was obtained with either the 10 essential amino acids or sodium caseinate while infusion of lysine and methionine together accounted for 43% of the total response. This suggested that lysine and methionine were first and second limiting, or co-limiting, for secretion of milk protein when rations consisting primarily of corn, corn silage, and alfalfa-grass hay were fed. The primary effect was on content of milk protein rather than milk yield. In general, amino acid infusions had no effect on feed intake, milk fat, and nonprotein nitrogen content of milk. Little change occurred in concentrations in plasma of other amino acids when lysine and methionine were infused together. When concentrations were lowered, indicating increased protein synthesis, changes were too small to be statistically significant.
Random Forest Clustering and Application to Video Segmentation (2009)

This paper considers the problem of clustering large data sets in a high-dimensional space. Using a random forest, we first generate multiple partitions of the same input space, one per tree. The partitions from all trees are merged by intersecting them, resulting in a partition of higher resolution. A graph is then constructed by assigning a node to each region and linking adjacent nodes. This Graph of Superimposed Partitions (GSP) represents a remapped space of the input data where regions of high density are mapped to a larger number of nodes. Generating such a graph turns the clustering problem in the feature space into a graph clustering task which we solve with the Markov cluster algorithm (MCL). The proposed algorithm is able to capture non-convex structure while being computationally efficient, capable of dealing with large data sets. We show the clustering performance on synthetic data and apply the method to the task of video segmentation.
The PGM reliable multicast protocol (2003)

Pragmatic general multicast (PGM) is a reliable multicast transport protocol that runs over a best effort datagram service, such as IP multicast. PGM obtains scalability via hierarchy, forward error correction, NAK elimination, and NAK suppression. It employs a novel polling scheme for NAK delay tuning to facilitate scaling up and down. This article describes the architecture of PGM, and discusses performance and security issues. We show that PGM supports asymmetric networks, achieves high network utilization, and is capable of high-speed (> 100 Mb/s) operation. PGM is currently an IETF experimental RFC that has been implemented in both commercial and academic settings.
Altered branching of serotonin-containing neurons in Drosophila mutants unable to synthesize serotonin and dopamine (1989)

The anatomy of peripheral serotonin-containing fibers (5-HT fibers) in the gut of wild-type Drosophila larvae was compared to mutants deficient in the gene that encodes the enzyme dopa decarboxylase (DfDdc mutants). The 5-HT fibers, located in the proventriculus and midgut, were visualized immunocytochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against 5-HT. Since DfDdc larvae are devoid of 5-HT and dopamine in the nervous system, the highly selective uptake capability of 5-HT neurons was used to visualize the 5-HT fibers. We found that the absence of 5-HT and dopamine in the nervous system of DfDdc animals does not prevent 5-HT fibers from reaching their appropriate targets. However, these fibers in the mutant show a 2-fold increase in the extent of branching. This effect is specific to 5-HT fibers, since glutamate-like and FMRFamide-like immunoreactive fibers of the proventriculus and midgut remain unaffected in the mutant. Low but detectable levels of dopamine and 5-HT in the CNS are sufficient to prevent the increase in arborization, as indicated by analyses of a temperature-sensitive Ddc allele (Ddcts2), which has very low dopa decarboxylase activity. The abnormally extensive branching of 5-HT fibers also can be partially rescued by feeding DfDdc larvae with dopamine. In contrast, feeding with a 5-HT-containing diet had no effect on the mutant phenotype. Hypotheses that could explain the mutant phenotype are proposed.
Determination of Wavelength Accuracy in the Near-Infrared Spectral Region Based on NIST's Infrared Transmission Wavelength Standard SRM 1921 (2000)

A major concern with the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in many QA/QC laboratories is the need for a simple reliable method of verifying the wavelength accuracy of the instrument. This requirement is particularly important in near-infrared spectroscopy because of the heavy reliance on sophisticated statistical vector analysis techniques to extract the desired information from the spectra. These techniques require precise alignment of the data points between the vectors corresponding to the standard and sample spectra. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) offers a Standard Reference Material (SRM 1921) for the verification and calibration of mid-infrared spectrometers in the transmittance mode. This standard consists of a 38 μm-thick film of polystyrene plastic. While SRM 1921 works well as a mid-infrared standard, a thicker sample is required for use as a routine standard in the near-infrared spectral region. The general acceptance and proven reliability of polystyrene as a standard reference material make it a very good candidate for a cost-effective NIR standard that could be offered as an internal reference for every instrument. In this paper we discuss a number of the parameters in a Fourier transform (FT)-NIR instrument that can affect wavelength accuracy. We also report a number of experiments designed to determine the effects of resolution, sample position, and optics on the wavelength accuracy of the system. In almost all cases the spectral reproducibility was better than one wavenumber of the values extrapolated from the NIST reference material. This finding suggests that a thicker sample of polystyrene plastic that has been validated with the SRM 1921 standard would make a cost-effective reference material for verifying wavelength accuracy in a medium-resolution FT-NIR spectrometer.
A wideband millimetre wave fibre-fed radio distribution point demonstrator (2003)

The design and implementation of a 28 GHz radio distribution point demonstrator system are described. The unit was fed remotely by 10 km of optical fiber, using the subcarrier multiplexing technique. It carried both analog FM video and 8 Mb/s duplex data to demonstrate the flexible delivery of a mix of services. Some practical aspects and limitations of the system, which has operated continuously within specification since April 1991, are outlined. Potential area for future improvement are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>