gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Anti-apoptotic E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Ubiquitinates Antagonists of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS (2013)

Identification of new anti-apoptotic genes is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis and tumorigenesis. The present study identified a novel anti-apoptotic gene named AREL1, which encodes a HECT (homologous to E6-AP carboxyl terminus) family E3 ubiquitin ligase. AREL1 interacted with and ubiquitinated IAP antagonists such as SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS. However, AREL1 was cytosolic and did not localize to nuclei or mitochondria. The interactions between AREL1 and the IAP antagonists were specific for apoptosis-stimulated cells, in which the IAP antagonists were released into the cytosol from mitochondria. Furthermore, the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS were significantly enhanced in AREL1-expressing cells following apoptotic stimulation, indicating that AREL1 binds to and ubiquitinates cytosolic but not mitochondria-associated forms of IAP antagonists. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic role of AREL1-mediated degradation of SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS was shown by simultaneous knockdown of three IAP antagonists, which caused the inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage, XIAP degradation, and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the present study suggests that AREL1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of cytosolic forms of three IAP antagonists plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis.
Endurance (2014)

Endurance presents stories of ordinary Australians grappling with extraordinary circumstances, providing insight into their lives, their experiences with drought and their perceptions of climate change. The book opens with the physical impacts, science, politics and economics of drought and climate change in rural Australia. It then highlights the cultural and historical dimensions — taking us to the Mallee wheat-belt, where researcher Deb Anderson interviewed farm families from 2004 to 2007, as climate change awareness grew. Each story is grouped into one of three themes: Survival, Uncertainty and Adaptation. Illustrated with beautiful colour photographs from Museum Victoria, Endurance will appeal to anyone with an interest in life stories, rural Australia and the environment.
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions at the Phenyl Ring of the Chelated 2-(2‘-Pyridyl)phenyl Ligand Bound to Ruthenium(II) or Osmium(II) (1999)

Reaction between (PyPh)2Hg (PyPh = 2-(2‘-pyridyl)phenyl) and MHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 proceeds smoothly to form M(η2-PyPh)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (M = Ru (1a); M = Os (1b)). In both complexes the PyPh ligand is bound as a stable five-membered chelate ring. The chloride ligand in these complexes can be removed through reaction with a silver salt and other ligands then introduced. In this way the compounds M(η2-PyPh)I(CO)(PPh3)2 (M = Ru (2a); M = Os (2b)), [M(η2-PyPh)(CO)2(PPh3)2]SbF6 (M = Ru (3a); M = Os (3b)), and M(η2-PyPh)(η2-S2CNMe2)(CO)(PPh3) (M = Ru (4a); M = Os (4b)) have been prepared. The coordinated PyPh ligand in 1a and 1b is activated by the metal toward electrophilic substitution at the phenyl ring. Nitration occurs in both the phenyl 4- and 6-positions of 1a or 1b, i.e., ortho and para to the metal, to give M(η2-PyPh-4,6-(NO2)2)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (M = Ru (5a); M = Os (5b)). Under appropriate conditions the mono-nitrated derivative, Os(η2-PyPh-4-NO2)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (5c), can also be isolated. Bromination of 1a or 1b occurs in the phenyl 4-position, i.e., para to the metal, to give M(η2-PyPh-4-Br)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (M = Ru (6a); M = Os (6b)). With excess brominating agent ([PyrH][Br3]) and a longer reaction time the unusual mixed triphenylphosphine/pyridine complex, Os(η2-PyPh-4-Br)Cl(CO)(Pyr)(PPh3) (6c) (Pyr = pyridine), is formed. The brominated osmium substrate (6b) can be lithiated through reaction with BuLi. Although this intermediate has not been isolated, further treatment with the electrophiles CO2/H+ or Bu3SnCl forms Os(η2-PyPh-4-CO2H)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (7a) or Os(η2-PyPh-4-SnBu3)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (7b), respectively. The functionalized pyridylphenyl ligand in 6a can be removed by heating with acid, to give 2‘-(3-bromophenyl)pyridine, in modest isolated yield. The structures of [Os(η2-PyPh)(CO)2(PPh3)2]SbF6 (3b), Os(η2-PyPh)(η2-S2CNMe2)(CO)(PPh3) (4b), Os(η2-PyPh-4-NO2)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (5c), Os(η2-PyPh-4-Br)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (6b), and Os(η2-PyPh-4-Br)Cl(CO)(Pyr)(PPh3) (6c) have all been determined by X-ray crystal structure analyses.
Gas-nebulized direct liquid introduction interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-nebulized direct liquid introduction interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometryJames A. Apffel, Udo A. T. Brinkman, Roland W. Frei, and Evert A. I. M. EversCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 14, 2280–2284Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00264a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00264a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lateralization discrimination of interaural time delays in four-pulse sequences in electric and acoustic hearing (2007)

This study examined the sensitivity of four cochlear implant (CI) listeners to interaural time difference (ITD) in different portions of four-pulse sequences in lateralization discrimination. ITD was present either in all the pulses (referred to as condition Wave), the two middle pulses (Ongoing), the first pulse (Onset), the last pulse (Offset), or both the first and last pulse (Gating). All ITD conditions were tested at different pulse rates (100, 200, 400, and 800 pulses/s pps). Also, five normal hearing (NH) subjects were tested, listening to an acoustic simulation of CI stimulation. All CI and NH listeners were sensitive in condition Gating at all pulse rates for which they showed sensitivity in condition Wave. The sensitivity in condition Onset increased with the pulse rate for three CI listeners as well as for all NH listeners. The performance in condition Ongoing varied over the subjects. One CI listener showed sensitivity up to 800 pps, two up to 400 pps, and one at 100 pps only. The group of NH listeners showed sensitivity up to 200 pps. The result that CI listeners detect ITD from the middle pulses of short trains indicates the relevance of fine timing of stimulation pulses in lateralization and therefore in CI stimulation strategies.
Reducing Planar Defects in 3C–SiC (2006)

Abstract The planar defects that occur at the 3C–SiC/Si(001) interface can be classified as anti‐phase boundary (APB) and stacking‐fault (SF). In order to reduce SFs and APBs simultaneously, 3C–SiC is grown on undulant‐Si in which the surface is covered with continuous slopes oriented in the [110] and [ $ \bar 1 \bar 1$ 0] directions. This eliminates APBs at each slope of an undulation via step‐flow epitaxy. In addition, SFs with an exposed C‐face on the (001) surface (SF C ) are eliminated via self‐vanishing, while those with an exposed Si‐face on the (001) surface (SF Si ) form triangular shapes that expand with increasing 3C–SiC thickness. To remove any SF Si that cannot be eliminated on the undulant Si, an advanced SF reduction method involving homoepitaxial growth, called switch‐back epitaxy (SBE), is investigated.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) of hollow profiles made of titanium (2017)

Cylindrical tubes made of commercially-pure titanium (CP-Ti) filled with various mandrels (metallic as well as non-metallic materials) were processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Different temperatures (500°C down to room temperature), routes (Bc, B120, C), tools and number of passes (1-6) were applied depending on the mandrel material. For reasons of comparison, solid bolts made of metallic mandrel materials were processed at the same ECAP conditions. The mechanical properties of as-received as well as ECAP tubes and core materials were characterised by hardness mappings (in order to reveal the homogeneity) and tensile tests. The results can be summarised as follows: i) It is feasible to process tubes by ECAP; ii) Using appropriate mandrels, tubes made of CP-Ti can be processed by ECAP at significantly lower temperatures, even at room temperature, as compared to solid bolts; iii) Mechanical properties of tubes and mandrel materials after ECAP are similar to or even better than those of their solid counterparts; iv) Tubes after ECAP at low temperatures show higher strength than what can be achieved in bulk material; v) Excellent homogeneity of microhardness is achieved at least when metallic mandrels and a sufficient number of ECAP passes are used.
A Thyristor Controlled Static Phase-Shifter for AC Power Transmission (1981)

The paper outlines the importance of a fast, fully controllable phase - shifter for AC power systems. It proposes new designs, based-on power thyristor technology, analyzes them and proves their viability both by analytical and practical tests. A number of resulting problems are highlighted which need further investigation. In conclusion the paper shows that thyristor controlled phase-shifters may be the next major advance in power transmission technology.
Polymers at surfaces and interfaces (1999)

This text deals from a fundamental viewpoint with the behaviour of polymers at surfaces and interfaces. Topics covered include the nature and properties of the surface of a polymer melt, the structure of interfaces between different polymers and between polymers and non-polymers, the molecular basis of adhesion, and the properties of polymers at liquid surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the underlying physical principles. Statistical mechanics models of the behaviour of polymers near interfaces are introduced, with the emphasis on theory that is tractable and applicable to experimental situations. Advanced undergraduates, graduate students and research workers in physics, chemistry and materials science with an interest in polymers will find this book of value.
Theoretical Study of the Sequence Selectivity of Isolexins, Isohelical DNA Groove Binding Ligands. Proposal for the GC Minor Groove Specific Compounds (1988)

A theoretical study is presented of complex formation between DNA fragments of different base sequences and isolexins, "isohelical base reading polymers", formed of heteroaromatic pentagonal rings joined by appropriate linkers. Extensive computations are performed for the isolexin composed of the furan-pyrrole-furan sequence. They involve charged ligands with propioamidinium groups at both ends as well as neutral molecules with terminal methyl, carbonyl and amino groups. Two different groups (C = O and NH) are used as linkers between the base reading moieties. The role of these elements on the binding preference of the ligands has been examined. The results show that the mere possibility of formation of hydrogen bonds between a ligand and the nucleic acid bases is not sufficient to ensure its binding specificity which is determined largely by the interplay of electrostatic factors. Thus the dicationic isolexins uniformly prefer AT sequences. For the neutral isolexins the nature of the groups forming the linkers is a major factor in defining the specificity, although these groups do not participate directly in the interaction with DNA. The C = O linkers favour binding to AT sequence while the N-H linkers permit preferential binding to the GAG sequence. Finally, for the first time in theoretical computations, a ligand is proposed which should bind preferentially to the minor groove of GC sequences: this ligand is a neutral isolexin composed of three furan rings linked by two N-H groups. This ligand is considered as an improvable prototype. Altogether the results presented open the path for the designing of minor groove ligands specific for any desirable DNA base sequence.
GPU-Based Foreground-Background Segmentation using an Extended Colinearity Criterion (2005)

We present a GPU-based foreground-background segmentation that processes image sequences in less than 4ms per frame. Change detection wrt. the background is based on a color similarity test in a small pixel neighbourhood, and is integrated into a Bayesian estimation framework. An iterative MRFbased model is applied, exploiting parallelism on modern graphics hardware. Resulting segmentation exhibits compactness and smoothness in foreground areas as well as for inter-frame temporal contiguity. Further renements extend the colinearity criterion with compensation for dark foreground and background areas and thus improving overall performance.
A Sinter‐Resistant Catalytic System Based on Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofibers and Covered by Porous Silica (2010)

Holey support: The generation of a porous coating of SiO2 on Pt-decorated TiO2 nanofibers enables the preparation of a sinter-resistant catalytic system (see picture). The Pt nanoparticles could resist sintering at temperatures up to 750 °C in air, as the SiO2 coating acts as a physical barrier that slows down surface migration, but the system remained catalytically active because of the porous nature of the coating. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The characterization and use of different antibodies against the hsp70 major heat shock protein family for the development of an immunoassay (1991)

The hsp70 family of major stress proteins is composed of several different members exhibiting similar structural and functional properties. In order to obtain an antiserum with wide epitope reactivity, rabbits were immunized with a mixture of native and denatured hsp70 purified from bovine muscle by ATP-affinity chromatography. Screening for antibody specificity was performed by a "sandwich" enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the polyclonal antiserum obtained by us and a monoclonal antibody raised against a different preparation of antigen recognized the same determinant on the native hsp70 molecule (inducible form). With a different specificity the polyclonal antiserum recognized only the denatured monomers of the other members of the hsp70 family. These results are discussed in relation to the immunological features of the hsp70 molecule and to the development of an immunoassay for the detection of hsp70 in cell and tissue extracts.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibutylboron Triflate Promoted Conjugate Addition of Benzylic and Allylic Organocopper Reagents to Chiral α,β‐Unsaturated N‐ Acyl Imidazolidinones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resource-distribution via Boolean constraints (2003)

We consider the problem of searching for proofs in sequential presentations of logics with multiplicative (or intensional) connectives. Specifically, we start with the multiplicative fragment of linear logic and extend, on the one hand, to linear logic with its additives and, on the other, to the additives of the logic of bunched implications ( BI ). We give an algebraic method for calculating the distribution of the side-formulæ in multiplicative rules which allows the occurrence or non-occurrence of a formula on a branch of a proof to be determined once sufficient information is available. Each formula in the conclusion of such a rule is assigned a Boolean expression. As a search proceeds, a set of Boolean constraint equations is generated. We show that a solution to such a set of equations determines a proof corresponding to the given search. We explain a range of strategies, from the lazy to the eager, for solving sets of constraint equations. We indicate how to apply our methods systematically to large family of relevant systems.
Estrogen derivatives for the external localization of estrogen-dependent malignancy. (1977)

<p>Purpose To evaluate spin-lock MR for detecting superparamagnetic iron oxides and compare the detection sensitivity of quantitative T<sub>1ρ</sub> with T<sub>2</sub> imaging. Methods In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of iron oxide particle size and composition on T<sub>1ρ</sub>. These comprise T<sub>1ρ</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> measurements (B<sub>0</sub> = 1.41T) of agar (2%) with concentration ranges of three different iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) (Sinerem, Resovist, and ION-Micelle) and microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). T<sub>1ρ</sub> dispersion was measured for a range of spin-lock amplitudes (γB<sub>1</sub> = 6.5-91 kHz). Under relevant in vivo conditions (B<sub>0</sub> = 9.4T; γB<sub>1</sub> = 100-1500 Hz), T<sub>1ρ</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> mapping of the liver was performed in seven mice pre- and 24 h postinjection of Sinerem. Results Addition of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased T<sub>1ρ</sub> as well as the native T<sub>1ρ</sub> dispersion of agar, leading to increased contrast at high spin-lock amplitudes. Changes of T<sub>1ρ</sub> were highly linear with iron concentration and much larger than T<sub>2</sub> changes. MPIO did not show this effect. In vivo, a decrease of T<sub>1ρ</sub> was observed with no clear influence on T<sub>1ρ</sub> dispersion. Conclusion By suppression of T<sub>1ρ</sub> dispersion, iron oxide nanoparticles cause enhanced T<sub>1ρ</sub> contrast compared to T<sub>2</sub>. The underlying mechanism appears to be loss of lock. Spin-lock MR is therefore a promising technique for sensitive detection of iron oxide contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 74:1740-1749, 2015.</p>
Naftidrofuryl for cognitive impairment (2001)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to determine whether naftidrofuryl is effective in the treatment of dementia. The secondary objective is to determine how safe it is to use with reference to its side effects.
Medical thoracoscopy in China—the present status and the future (2017)

Medical thoracoscopy (MT) refers to a minimally invasive procedure to inspect and perform a biopsy of the pleural space, as well as to perform therapeutic interventions, in a nonintubated patient under local anesthesia. This procedure provides the physician a window into the pleural space. Over the past two decades, MT has been developed very rapidly in China. We performed a review of the published data on MT in China, and estimated the present status, the challenges, and future perspectives of MT. From the data we conduct that MT is widely used well in China, not only in the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions, but also in the management of pleural diseases, such as tuberculous pleural effusion, malignant pleural effusion and spontaneous pneumothorax. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that few prospective clinical trials, lack of routine follow-up of MT are current domestic problems for diagnosis and management in pleural effusion. Consequently, more prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the diagnostic value and treatment superiorities of MT compared with traditional methods or other subjects in China in the future.
A mouse model of KIF5B-RET fusion-dependent lung tumorigenesis (2014)

Oncogenic fusion of the RET (rearranged during transfection) gene was recently identified as a novel driver gene aberration not only for the development of thyroid carcinoma but also of lung adenocarcinoma, the most frequent histological type of lung cancer. This study constructed and analyzed transgenic mice expressing KIF5B-RET, the predominant form of RET fusion gene specific for lung adenocarcinoma, under the control of the SPC (surfactant protein C) gene promoter. The mice expressed the KIF5B-RET fusion gene specifically in lung alveolar epithelial cells, and developed multiple tumors in the lungs. Treatment of the transgenic mice with vandetanib, which is a RET tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma, for 8 or 20 weeks led to a marked reduction in the number of lung tumors (3.3 versus 0 and 6.5 versus 0.2 per tissue section, respectively; P < 0.01, t-test). The results suggest that the RET fusion functions as a driver for the development of lung tumors, whose growth is inhibited by RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Head pointing and speech control as a hands-free interface to desktop computing (1998)

A significant number of users are not able to use today's WIMP-style (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers) Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). This may be for different reasons including hands-busy situations (e.g., a mechanic at work), paralysis, or bad neural control of body movements. To overcome these difficulties in the practical use of existing software applications, solutions have to consider both technical and commercial aspects. The system introduced by this work addresses both goals, i.e., develops and customises existing technical solutions and keeps an eye on the end-user's costs.
Inertial confinement fusion research at ILE Osaka (1985)

The Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, has performed inertial fusion experiments using various kinds of energy drivers, such as the GEKKO series of glass lasers, the LEKKO series of CO2 lasers, and the REIDEN series of light ion beams. – As for the fuel pellet design, the well-known Cannonball target was invented to warrant a uniform compression under laser irradiation. The super-computer SX-2 was introduced to pursue the implosion physics and to optimize the pellet design. – A conceptual scheme for a laser fusion reactor was also investigated. For inertial confinement fusion reactors the SENRI series was proposed.