gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refactoring Network Control and Management: A Case for the 4D Architecture (2005)

We argue for the refactoring of the IP control plane to support network-wide objectives and control. We put forward a design that refactors functionality into a novel 4D architecture composed of four separate planes: decision, dissemination, discovery and data. All decision-making logic is moved out of routers along with current management plane functions to create a logically centralized decision plane, where network-level objectives and policies are specified and enforced by direct configuration of states on individual network elements. Pulling much of the control state and logic out of the routers enables both simpler protocols, which do not have to embed decision-making logic, and more powerful decision algorithms for implementing sophisticated goals. Remaining on the routers is a wafer-thin class of intrinsically distributed control functions. These support the discovery plane, consisting of elementary functions to discover topology and network state, and the dissemination plane, consisting of elementary functions to distribute explicit instructions to manipulate the data plane forwarding mechanisms.
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interferons and TLR7 in human corneal epithelial cells (2005)

Herpetic epithelial and stromal keratitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection. To study the role of the epithelium in the innate response to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea, we used a telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line, HUCL, and primary HCECs as a model and infected the cells with HSV-1 (KOS strain). HSV-1 infection of HCECs resulted in a two-phase activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), JNK and p38, with the first peak at 1-4 hr and a second peak at 8 hr. Concomitant with the first peak of activation, transcriptional expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-beta was rapidly induced in HSV-1-infected cells. HSV-1 infection also induced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in both HUCL cells and primary HCECs. Coincident with the second phase of NF-kappaB activation in HSV-1-infected HCECs, the expression of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) was induced, whereas the level of TLR3 was greatly down-regulated. Thus, in response to HSV-1 infection, HCECs produce proinflammatory cytokines, leading to infiltration, and IFNs to enhance the antiviral activity in the cornea, probably through sequential activation of TLRs.
Membrane damage by hemolytic viruses, toxins, complement, and other cytotoxic agents. A common mechanism blocked by divalent cations. (1986)

Hemolytic viruses, bacterial and animal toxins, the components of activated complement, cationic proteins, and detergents induce a sequence of permeability changes at the plasma membrane that are in every case sensitive to changes in ionic strength and to divalent cations. Individually, each agent exhibits positive cooperativity; when two agents are present together, they show synergy. It is concluded that such cytotoxic agents damage membranes by a common mechanism. Hence permeability changes are unlikely to depend on the formation of specific, protein-lined channels, as previously envisaged in the case of activated complement or certain bacterial toxins.
The effects of surface roughness and size on fitting strength of shrink fit between ceramic and metal. (1986)

Ceramic is a better material than metal to use in the corrosive environment or at an elevated temperature. But ceramic is very brittle. Therefore the combined use of ceramic and metal is needed. A simple and sufficiently strong joining technique between ceramic and metal is essential in that case. We thought that shrink fit is one of the most available techniques, compared with welding, diffusion bonding brazing. In the previous work, we made clear that the existence of surface roughness reduced the strength of the shrink fit experimentally and theoretically. But we didn't change the sizes of the specimens in that work. It is thought that the degrees of the reduction of the strength will vary with the size of the outer diameter of the shaft, although the surface roughnesses are the same. In this paper, the experiments were carried out to obtain the strengths of the shrink fits of various sizes of specimens. And we investigated how the strengths of the shrink fits were reduced by the relationship between the surface roughness and the sizes of the specimens, experimentally and theoretically.
Bluetec Emission Control System for the US Tier 2 Bin 5 Legislation (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">While the market share for diesel engines for LD vehicles in Europe has grown continuously in the past years, the market share in North America is still negligible. Until now, it has been possible to fulfill the limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx) both in Europe and in North America by engine measures alone, without using an active NOx aftertreatment system. With the introduction of Tier II Bin 8 and Tier II Bin 5 emissions legislation in the US in 2007, most new diesel applications will now require NOx aftertreatment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the possible technologies for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in lean exhaust gas is the NOx storage catalyst which has become the generally-accepted choice for engines with gasoline direct injection systems and which is also utilized in the current diesel Bluetec I systems from Daimler. For heavier applications urea-SCR is the preferred technology to fulfill NOx legislation limits. For the heavy duty sector urea-SCR technology is already in use in series production and is under development for the introduction of heavy passenger vehicles to meet the Bin 5 legislation in the US.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This publication will show the requirements for the Bluetec emission control system, including DOC, catalyzed DPF, and SCR catalyst in order to fulfill the Bin 5 emissions legislation. It will also discuss some approaches on how to address these requirements. For this purpose the results of several investigations including model gas testing, engine bench testing, and vehicle evaluations will be presented.</div>
Binding of Organic Antimicrobial Agents to Cotton Fabric as Zirconium Complexes (1981)

Solutions of zirconium(IV) complexes were used to bind organic antimicrobial agents to cotton fabric by one- or two-bath processes. In the one-bath process, a water-soluble complex of the organic agent was prepared from a carbonatozirconate or zirconyl chloride and applied to fabric by a conventional pad-cure procedure. In the two-bath process, fabric was treated successively with a solution of zirconyl acetate and a solution of a salt of the antimicrobial agent. The fabrics were tested for activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis and the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Fabrics given a two-bath treatment with pyrithione (1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), tetracycline, or oxytetracycline retained excellent bacteriostatic activity after fifty launderings, and the one treated with pyrithione still had excellent antifungal activity after twenty launderings. Antimicrobial activity imparted by some of the one-bath treatments was initially extremely high but was less durable to laundering.
An X-ray fluorescence technique for in vivo determination of lead concentration in a bone matrix (1979)

We have previously reported the in vivo detection of lead in the skeleton of man by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis using a 740 MBq 57Co source for excitation and a 1 cm(3) Ge(Li) detector for registration of the Pb Kalpha and Kbeta radiation. The varying geometry, density and atomic composition of the tissues of interest (mainly fingers) introduce several problems in estimation of the true concentration of a given element. A two-component cylindrical finger phantom was therefore constructed from silica paraffin wax and animal bone ash. The diameter of the finger bone was estimated from X-ray examinations in two orthogonal projections. The bone mineral concentration was then estimated from the quotient of the number of coherent and Compton scattered primary photons. The lead concentration in the finger bones was then derived from a measurement on a finger phantom made of silica paraffin wax and bone ash with the same size and bone mineral concentration as the real bone. The minimum detectable lead concentration in a finger bone was 14 microgram g(-1) for 15 min measuring time. The lead concentration measured in workers from a metal industry was found to be in the range of 40-100 microgram g(-1).
Compute-and-forward: A novel strategy for cooperative networks (2008)

In recent work, we have shown that in a Gaussian network, nodes can often recover linear combinations of transmitted codewords much more efficiently than the codewords themselves. These nodes, after decoding their linear equations, simply send them towards the destination, which given enough equations, can recover the desired messages. This compute-and-forward strategy relies on a lattice-based coding framework. In this note, we show that by employing appropriately nested lattice codes, nodes can reliably recover linear combinations of the messages symbols themselves. This considerably simplifies the description of our scheme. We also consider superposition and successive cancellation within the compute-and-forward framework.
Appearance based Techniques for Face Recognition: A Comparative Study (2014)

In these days, appearance based approaches gain popularity in many computer vision problems, more in particular on face recognition techniques. In this context, a study on face recognition techniques based on appearance based paradigm is addressed in our work. More focus is provided to principal component analysis (PCA) based techniques where the principle of PCA is well received by pattern recognition community for most of the dimensionality reduction problems or for feature selection in a large collection of features set. We have seen several variants of PCA in the literature applied to the domain of face recognition considering variety of natural problems that would occur during face recognition. In our work, we have made an attempt to study the problem of face recognition under different situations. The study is conducted with varying dimension of features on a variety of face databases which include pose, illumination and occlusion problems. The effect of varying training samples is also addressed in our study. We have considered the standard PCA, two dimensional PCA (2D PCA) which works in row directions, alternative 2D PCA that works in column directions and bidirectional PCA for comparative analysis on many of the standard face databases such as AT&amp;T, UMIST and IITK datasets. Extensive experimental results on each of these datasets along with computing time and their recognition accuracy under different dimension of feature vectors with varying number of training samples is reported in our work.
Hole and electron emission from InAs quantum dots (2000)

Carrier escape processes from self-organized InAs quantum dots QDs embedded in GaAs are investigated by time-resolved capacitance spectroscopy. Electron emission is found to be dominated by tunneling processes. In addition to tunneling from the ground state, we find thermally activated tunneling involving excited QD states with an activation energy of 82 meV. For holes, the tunnel contribution is negligible and thermal activation from the QD ground state to the GaAs valence band with an activation energy of 164 meV dominates. Extrapolation to room temperature yields an emission time constant of 5 ps for holes, which is an order of magnitude larger than for electrons. The measured activation energies agree well with theoretically predicted QD levels.
Effect on Hepatitis C Virus Replication of Combinations of Direct-Acting Antivirals, Including NS5A Inhibitor Daclatasvir (2012)

Three hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibitors, asunaprevir (ASV; BMS-650032), daclatasvir (DCV; BMS-790052), and BMS-791325, each targeting a different nonstructural protein of the virus (NS3, NS5A, and NS5B, respectively), have independently demonstrated encouraging preclinical profiles and are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Since drug-resistant variants have rapidly developed in response to monotherapy with almost all direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV, the need for combination therapies to effectively eradicate the virus from infected patients is clear. These studies demonstrated the additive-synergistic effects on replicon inhibition and clearance of combining NS3 protease or NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors with the first-in-class, NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir (DCV) and reveal new resistance pathways for combinations of two small-molecule inhibitors that differ from those that develop during monotherapy. The results suggest that under a specific selective pressure, a balance must be reached in the fitness costs of substitutions in one target gene when substitutions are also present in another target gene. Further synergies and additional novel resistance substitutions were observed during triple-combination treatment relative to dual-drug therapy, indicating that, in combination, HCV inhibitors can exert cross-target influences on resistance development. Enhanced synergies in replicon inhibition and a reduced frequency of resistance together lend strong support to the utility of combinations of DAAs for the treatment of HCV, and the identification of altered resistance profiles during combination treatment provides useful information for monitoring resistance in the clinic.
Content-centric routing in Wi-Fi direct multi-group networks (2015)

The added value of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication amounts to an efficient content discovery mechanism that enables users to steer their requests toward the node most likely to satisfy them. In this paper, we address the implementation of content-centric routing in a D2D architecture for Android devices based on WiFi Direct, a protocol recently standardised by the Wi-Fi Alliance. After discussing the creation of multiple D2D groups, we introduce novel paradigms featuring intra- and inter-group bidirectional communication. We then present the primitives involved in content advertising and requesting among members of the multi-group network. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our architecture in a real testbed involving Android devices in different group configurations. We also compare the results against the ones achievable exploiting Bluetooth technologies.
Negative regulation of adipose-expressed galectin-12 by isoproterenol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin and dexamethasone (2002)

Our results suggest that galectin-12 is an adipocyte-expressed protein which is downregulated by various insulin resistance-inducing hormones. These findings imply a role for galectin-12 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
A general and efficient strategy for generating the stable enzymes (2016)

The local flexibility of an enzyme's active center plays pivotal roles in catalysis, however, little is known about how the flexibility of these flexible residues affects stability. In this study, we proposed an active center stabilization (ACS) strategy to improve the kinetic thermostability of Candida rugosa lipase1. Based on the B-factor ranking at the region ~10 Å within the catalytic Ser209, 18 residues were selected for site-saturation mutagenesis. Based on three-tier high-throughput screening and ordered recombination mutagenesis, the mutant VarB3 (F344I/F434Y/F133Y/F121Y) was shown to be the most stable, with a 40-fold longer in half-life at 60 °C and a 12.7 °C higher T<sub>m</sub> value than that of the wild type, without a decrease in catalytic activity. Further analysis of enzymes with different structural complexities revealed that focusing mutations on the flexible residues within around 10 Å of the catalytic residue might increase the success rate for enzyme stabilization. In summary, this study identifies a panel of flexible residues within the active center that affect enzyme stability. This finding not only provides clues regarding the molecular evolution of enzyme stability but also indicates that ACS is a general and efficient strategy for exploring the functional robustness of enzymes for industrial applications.
Investigation of SLM Process in Terms of Temperature Distribution and Melting Pool Size: Modeling and Experimental Approaches (2019)

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that has the potential to produce almost any three-dimensional (3D) metallic part, even those with complicated shapes. Throughout the SLM process, the heat transfer characteristics of the metal powder plays a significant role in maintaining the product quality during 3D printing. Thus, it is crucial for 3D-printing manufacturers to determine the thermal behavior over the SLM process. However, it is a significant challenge to accurately determine the large temperature gradient and the melt pool size using only experiments. Therefore, the use of both experimental investigations and numerical analysis can assist in characterizing the temperature evaluation and the melt pool size in a more effective manner. In this study, 3D finite element analysis applying a moving volumetric Gaussian laser heat source was used to analyze the temperature profile on the powder bed and the resultant melt pool size throughout the SLM process. In the experiments, a TELOPS FAST-IR (M350) thermal imager was applied to determine the temperature profile of the melting pool and powder bed along the scanning direction during the SLM fabrication using Ti<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>V powder. The numerically calculated results were compared with the experimentally determined temperature distribution. The comparison showed that the calculated peak temperature for single- and multi-track by the developed thermal model was in good agreement with the experiment results. Secondly, the developed model was verified by comparing the melting pool size for various laser powers and scanning speeds with the experimentally measured melting pool size from the published literature. The developed model could predict the melt pool width (with 2-5% error) and melt pool depth (with 5-6% error).
High resolution air-coupled ultrasonic imaging of thin materials (2003)

This paper describes the use of a focussed air-coupled capacitance transducer combined with pulse compression techniques to form high-resolution images of thin materials in air. The focussing of the device is achieved by using an off-axis parabolic mirror. Initial measurements were performed to determine the lateral resolution of the focussed transducer, which was found to be better than 0.5mm. A combination of the focussed transducer as a source and a planar receiver in through-transmission mode was then used to image thin materials. It will be shown that the technique is able to detect various watermarks embedded in bank notes, high quality writing paper and postage stamps. In addition, measurements of adhesive layers are possible. It will be demonstrated that a high-resolution imaging technique results, which could be used to test a range of thin materials where contact and immersion testing is not possible.
SYNTHESIS OF HEPTANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID-1,5<sup>1</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF HEPTANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID-1,51Albert S. CarterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 7, 1967–1970Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01394a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01394a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis (1958)

Abstract The clinical, hematologic, and pathologic findings in 26 cases of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis are presented. A histopathologic correlation of the various forms of leukemia is suggested. Clinically the disease may follow an acute, subacute, or chronic course There is no idiopathic clinical sign or symptom, but the hematologic picture is pathognomonic and is characterized by the presence of reticulum cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. These cells are also present in the organs where the reticuloendothelial system predominates: spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. The study of these cases supports the concept that leukemic reticuloendotheliosis is an independent hematologic and pathologic entity.
Effect of a Combination of Low Level Ozone and Metal Ions on Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (2013)

Ozonated water has been used as a strong antimicrobial agent against foodborne pathogens. In this study, the combined effect of low level ozonated water and different added components, including 0.2% starch and metal ions (1 mM CuCl2·2H2O and 0.1 mM AgNO3), on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes was investigated. Treatment with 0.4 ppm ozonated water for 30 min resulted in a maximum log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes compared to initial bacterial counts. The log reductions of bacteria in a starch solution containing ozonated water were slightly higher than those in ozonated water alone. Furthermore, the log reductions of E. coli O157:H7 (2.59 and 4.71 log cfu/mL) and L. monocytogenes (2.53 and 4.28 log cfu/mL) in a metal ion solution containing 0.2 and 0.4 ppm ozone for 30 min were significantly higher than those of the water and starch added groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that a combination of ozonated water and metal ions may be useful as a antimicrobial agent.