gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-performance photovoltaic concentrator array: The mini-dome Fresnel lens concentrator with 30% efficient GaAs/GaSb tandem cells (2002)

A high-efficiency, lightweight space photovoltaic concentrator array is described. Previous work on the mini dome Fresnel lens concentrator concept is being integrated with Boeing's 30% efficient tandem GaAs/GaSb concentrator cells into a high-performance photovoltaic array. Calculations indicate that, in the near term, such an array can achieve 300 W/m/sup 2/ at a specific power of 100 W/kg. Emphasis of the program has now shifted to integrating the concentrator lens, tandem cell, and supporting panel structure into a space-qualifiable array. A description is presented of the current status of component and prototype panel testing and the development of a flight panel for the Photovoltaic Array Space Power Plus Diagnostics (PASP PLUS) flight experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spirits in the Material World: A Post-Modern Approach to United States Trade Policy (1999)

INTERROGATIONS 2 (1991) (utilizing the term "post-modernity" to describe the "period which allegedly follows modernity").The authors of this book distinguish "post-modernity" from "post-modernism."See id."Post-modernity" refers to the "supposed epoch that follows modernity,
A constant subjective quality MPEG encoder (2002)

We present an video objective quality measure which has good correlation with subjective tests. We then introduce the objective measure into the design of an MPEG encoder. The new MPEG encoder extracts four features (bit rate, a feature that measures blockiness, one that measures false edges, and one that measures blurred edges) from the input and output video sequences and feeds those features into a four-layered back-propagation neural network which has been trained by subjective testing. Then the system uses a simple feedback technique to adjust the GOP (group of pictures) bit-rate to achieve a constant subjective quality output video sequence.
Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of silver-modified graphene oxide (2010)

Silver-modified graphene oxide nanosheets (Ag–GO) were prepared and used as a novel antibacterial material, which exhibited a superior antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to the synergistic effect of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles.
Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 6. Structural modifications of S-adenosylmethionine (1976)

Structural analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), with modifications in the amino acid, sugar, or base portions of the molecule, have been synthesized and evaluated as either inhibitors and/or substrates for the enzymes catechol O-methyltransferase, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, histamine N-methyltransferase, and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase. To evaluate these analogues as substrates for SAM-dependent methyltransferases, the corresponding methyl-14C compounds were prepared and tested for their abilities to donate their methyl group to the appropriate acceptor molecules. In addition, the unlabeled SAM analogues were tested for their inhibitory activities in these same transmethylation reactions. In general, it could be conlcuded from these studies that methyltransferases show very strict specificity for the structural features of SAM. This strict specificity holds for the enzymatic binding and methyl-donating abilities of this molecule. In fact, it could be concluded from the results of this study that methyltransferases show a higher specificity for the structural features of the substrate L-SAM than for the structural features of the product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (L-SAH).
Physiologic concentrations of glucose regulate fatty acid synthase activity in HepG2 cells by mediating fatty acid synthase mRNA stability. (1993)

Carbohydrate feeding of animals results in striking increases in hepatic fatty acid synthesis but much of this induction is presumed to be hormone mediated. To clarify the mechanisms responsible for the specific effect of carbohydrate on fatty acid synthesis, the effects of D-glucose on the expression of human fatty acid synthase (FAS) in HepG2 cells cultured in serum-free medium were studied. Northern blots of total RNA from these cells showed a single FAS mRNA band of 9.3 kilobases that was increased 2.7-5.4-fold in the presence of D-glucose. Lactate and citrate but not L-glucose mimicked this effect. Glucose induction of FAS mRNA was time- and concentration-dependent and most of the increase in FAS message was detected within the range of physiologic glucose concentrations. Glucose induction of FAS mRNA, protein synthetic rate, and enzyme activity were similar suggesting that glucose regulates FAS expression at a pretranslational level in this system. Transcription run-off experiments showed that glucose feeding was associated with no change in the FAS transcription initiation rate despite a 5-fold increase in FAS mRNA. FAS mRNA stability as determined by actinomycin D chase was 7-fold greater in the presence of glucose. Differences between FAS mRNA levels in cells grown in the presence versus the absence of glucose were inhibited by cycloheximide but not puromycin, suggesting that glucose regulation of FAS mRNA stability is not dependent on translation. Glucose, at physiologic concentrations and in the absence of hormones, appears to regulate FAS gene expression in HepG2 cells predominantly by mediating FAS mRNA stability.
Laser Processing in Industrial Solar Module Manufacturing (2010)

The use of lasers in the processing of solar cell structures has been known for many years both for c-Si and thin-film solar technologies. The maturity of the laser technology, the increase in scale of solar module production and the pressures to drive down cost of ownership and increase cell efficiencies have all contributed to the adoption of laser processes in industrial manufacturing. Today laser systems are the tool of choice in thin-film module manufacturing both for scribing the cell interconnects and for the module edge isolation. For c-Si solar cells the primary laser application today is edge isolation and this is well-established in industrial production of most types of waferbased cells. Other laser processes are used in the production of advanced high-efficiency c-Si cell designs such as laser grooved buried contacts, emitter wrap-through or metal wrap-through interconnects, selective emitters and laser fired contacts. In the mission of the solar industry to reduce the cost of electricity generation there are increasing opportunities for laser processing to contribute to the goal of low cost of ownership in industrial manufacturing through improved module efficiencies, higher throughput and reduced process costs.
Isoamylase levels in bone marrow transplant patients are affected by total body irradiation and not by graft-versus-host disease (1991)

The mean total serum amylase levels in patients was 3.2 +/- 0.5 mukat/l (+/-SE) before total body irradiation (TBI) prior to bone marrow transplantation of which 50% was due to pancreatic isoamylase and 50% salivary isoamylase. Total serum amylase increased to a maximum of 100.3 +/- 12.3 mukat/l on the first day after TBI and most of this increase was due to an increase in salivary isoamylase (90.0 +/- 12.1 mukat/l). In association with this, all patients had clinical symptoms of parotitis. An increase in pancreatic isoamylase was found in 27% of the patients; however, none of them had clinical symptoms of pancreatitis. Serum amylase levels returned to normal within 5 days after TBI but then decreased to subnormal values, remaining below the normal range for 3 weeks. Pancreatic isoamylase returned to pre-irradiation levels 1.5 months after TBI, while salivary isoamylase remained low for the rest of the observation time. TBI of 7.5 Gy at 26 cGy/min gave significantly lower salivary amylase at 2 days after TBI compared with 10 Gy at 4 cGy/min: 32 +/- 4 versus 76 +/- 13 mukat/l (P less than 0.05). At 2.5 and 6 months after TBI significantly higher total amylase levels were recorded for patients treated with 7.5 Gy of TBI compared with 10 Gy: 2.5 +/- 0.4 and 2.7 +/- 0.3 versus 2.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 mukat/l, respectively (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, respectively). Acute or chronic GVHD did not affect acinar cells in this investigation.
Separation of concerns (2004)

Separating the description of important aspects of a design such as behavior and architecture, or computation and communication, may yield significant advantages in design time as well as in re-usability of the design. However, exploiting fully the re-usability opportunities offered by this approach implies to keep the various aspects of the design separated while verifying the design at a given level of abstraction. In particular, simulation of the design may undergo significant overhead versus a traditional approach where the design is represented and analyzed monolithically. In this paper, we present a few techniques that eliminate almost entirely the overhead while maintaining the positive aspects of the separation of concerns. Experimental results on a complex design back this assertion.
Prolactin stimulates the proliferation of normal female cholangiocytes by differential regulation of Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms (2007)

We suggest that in female rats: (i) prolactin has a trophic effect on the growth of normal cholangiocytes by phosphorylation of PKCbeta-I and dephosphorylation of PKCalpha; and (iii) cholangiocytes express and secrete prolactin, which by an autocrine mechanism participate in regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation. Prolactin may be an important therapeutic approach for the management of cholangiopathies affecting female patients.
New 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives: synthesis and adrenergic receptors binding studies. (1992)

In order to obtain derivatives with simultaneous alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking activity, compounds having the phenoxypropanolaminic structure of beta-adrenergic blockers have been synthesised, as well as 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety, which could imitate the imidazolinic nucleus characteristic of drugs acting on alpha-adrenergic receptors. The synthesised compounds have been submitted to alpha and beta receptor binding assays. Some derivatives showed an alpha-adrenoceptor binding activity higher than labetalol and similar to prazosin, but with a poor beta-adrenoceptor binding activity.
Dynamic Response of Middle-Ear Structures (1967)

Automatic tracing of vibrations from several locations on the tympanic membrane and from the stapedial footplate, in human anatomical preparations, was performed by use of a capacitive-probe vibration meter. Normally, the vibrations of the tympanic membrane at the umbo and along the junction with the malleus were in synchrony with those of the stapes. The motion of the eardrum as a whole agreed with that postulated by von Békésy. The direct measurements enabled examination of the ossicular-lever transformation of the middle ear under dynamic conditions. In normal cases, undulation of the lever ratio around the 1.3 value was evidenced. Pathological changes caused an artificial increase of the ratio, due to damping features of the ossicular-lever system; the characteristics of an otosclerotic ear served as an conspicuous example. With the CAT 400B, further increase of the sensitivity of measurements (down to 2 Å amplitude) was possible. Some tests were carried out on patients also. Determination of the acoustic input impedance of the ear is discussed and a possibility of simple conversion of the vibration response of the eardrum into the impedance characteristic is presented. A typical input-impedance curve for a human temporal bone preparation with the unloaded stapes is demonstrated.
Postprandial Levels of the Natural Vitamin E Tocotrienol in Human Circulation (2006)

Compared to tocopherols, tocotrienols are poorly understood. The postabsorptive fate of tocotrienol isomers and their association with lipoprotein subfractions was examined. Normocholesterolemic women were subjected to an oral fat challenge supplemented with vitamin E (capsule containing 77 mg alpha-tocotrienol, 96 mg alpha-tocotrienol, 3 mg gamma-tocotrienol, 62 mg alpha-tocopherol, and 96 mg gamma-tocopherol). Plasma samples were collected at every 2 h intervals for up to 8 h following a one-time supplementation. Lipoproteins were measured by NMR spectroscopy, and subfractions of lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The maximal alpha-tocotrienol concentrations in supplemented individuals averaged approximately 3 microM in blood plasma, 1.7 microM in LDL, 0.9 microM in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, and 0.5 microM in HDL. The peak plasma level corresponded to 12- to 30-fold more than the concentration of alpha-tocotrienol required to completely prevent stroke-related neurodegeneration. Tocotrienols were detected in the blood plasma and all lipoprotein subfractions studied postprandially.
Foreword (2002)

This Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology is devoted to papers from the 2002 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop, which was held June 9-10, 2002 at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, HI, USA. The workshop focuses on all aspects of silicon-based nanoelectronics, including novel structures for Si FETs, quantum and single-electron effects in Si devices, nanoscale modeling, nanoscale processing and patterning, nano-heterostructure devices, device scaling issues including atomistic effects, and circuits for nanodevices. This was the 7th workshop in the series and the largest so far, with 135 in attendance from all over the world. There were 5 invited talks, 23 contributed talks, and 27 poster presentations. The 16 papers in this Special Issue cover the spectrum of work that was presented at the workshop.
Adverse Health Effects of Selenium in Humans (2001)

Epidemiologic studies and case reports have shown that chronic exposure to selenium compounds is associated with several adverse health effects in humans. An early toxic effect of selenium is on endocrine function, particularly on the synthesis of thyroid hormones following dietary exposure of around 300 micrograms Se/d, and on the metabolism of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Other adverse effects of selenium exposure can be the impairment of natural killer cells activity and at higher levels, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbances. Dermatologic effects, such as nail and hair loss and dermatitis, occur after exposure to high levels of environmental selenium. Assessing the toxicity and morbidity after long-term exposure to environmental selenium is difficult: neurotoxicity, particularly the degeneration of motor neurons leading to increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, might occur after chronic exposure to both organic and inorganic selenium compounds. The results of laboratory investigations and cohort studies suggest that selenium species exhibit a bivalent effect in cancer, either increasing or decreasing risk. Current environmental selenium exposure limits appear to be inadequate for averting adverse health effects.
Differential measurement of piezoresistive transduction for silicon-based MEMS resonators (2012)

A differentially piezoresistive readout is implemented, for the first time, in single-crystal-silicon (SCS) bulk-mode resonators driven by electrostatic force, performing effective feedthrough cancellation using simple piezoresistors from their supports while maximizing driving areas of capacitive transduction. The SCS resonators were fabricated using a conventional SOI-MEMS technique together with a polysilicon refill process to enable 80nm gap spacing for attaining high electromechanical coupling coefficient. In the resonator design, the corner supporting beams of the resonator serve not only mechanical supports but piezoresistors for motional signal detection, hence greatly simplifying the overall resonator configuration without the need of additional doping (i.e., extra lithography step) for piezoresistive sensing. In addition, the fabricated resonators could be operated either in a capacitive sensing or piezoresistive readout under the same driving conditions. A comparison is also provided for these readouts, both of which exhibit relatively high feedthrough levels. To eliminate feedthrough signals from parasitics, a differential measurement technique of piezoresistive transduction is proposed in this work, demonstrating more than 25 dB improvement on the feedthrough level as compared to its single-ended piezoresistive counterpart as well as purely capacitive sensing readout. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the resonator with the piezoresistive readout was also greatly enhanced with 7× improvement as compared with its capacitive detection.
Animal Implantation Results with the Utah-100 Total Artificial Heart (1992)

The Utah-100 total artificial heart was designed to have increased reliability over the Jarvik-7 total artificial heart, achieve better fit, and minimize device associated thrombus formation, without decreasing the function. The Utah-100 heart was tested in 28 calves and 3 sheep. The smallest animal at the time of implantation weighted 54 kg. Mean survival duration was 78 days (range, 1-331 days), with 14 animals surviving longer than 60 days. Multiple organ function was maintained satisfactorily with the Utah-100 artificial heart, and mean plasma free hemoglobin values in the calves that survived longer than 100 days were less than 10 mg/dl. Hemorrhage was the main cause of death in animals dying within 30 days after implantation (5/13, 38%); infection was another primary cause of death or termination (4/31, 13%). Deaths due to mechanical failure occurred from valve or diaphragm failure in two cases, yielding a 91% reliability at a 90% confidence level for 60 days' support. No animal died because of driver or other technical failure. Utah-100 hearts showed superior antithrombogenicity in the connector and valve-related areas when compared with the results of the Jarvik-7 heart, which was also fabricated and implanted in our laboratory (p less than 0.01). With these test results, the authors anticipate that the Utah-100 heart will be a safe and effective device for interim use as a bridge to heart transplantation.
A mobile service platform using proxy technology (2005)

Abstract This paper proposes iMobile, a proxy‐based platform for developing mobile services for various mobile devices and wireless access technologies. iMobile acts as a message gateway that allows mobile devices to relay messages to each other through various protocols on different access networks. It allows mobile devices to access internet services, corporate databases and to control various network devices. iMobile implements three key abstractions: dev‐let , info‐let and app‐let . An info‐let provides abstract view of information space. An app‐let implements service or application logic by processing information from various info‐lets. A dev‐let receives and sends messages through any particular protocols for mobile devices. The let engine supports user and device profiles for personalization and transcoding, and invokes proper app‐lets and info‐lets to answer requests from a dev‐let. The iMobile modular architecture allows developers to write device drivers, information access methods and application logic independently from each other. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyimide on copper: The role of solvent in the formation of copper precipitates (1988)

The interaction at the polyimide-copper (oxide) interface has been investigated by means of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. By using a solventless molecular beam epitaxy growth technique, the role of solvent in the aggregation and diffusion of copper-rich particles into the polyimide film and away from the interface was unambiguously demonstrated. The polyimide on copper growth sequence is contrasted to the copper on polyimide growth sequence, and the reasons for the differences between the two growth interfaces are discussed.
Three differentially expressed Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit isoforms: structural and functional implications. (1987)

We have characterized cDNAs coding for three Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit isoforms from the rat, a species resistant to ouabain. Northern blot and S1-nuclease mapping analyses revealed that these alpha subunit mRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated fashion. The mRNA for the alpha 1 isoform, approximately equal to 4.5 kb long, is expressed in all fetal and adult rat tissues examined. The alpha 2 mRNA, also approximately equal to 4.5 kb long, is expressed predominantly in brain and fetal heart. The alpha 3 cDNA detected two mRNA species: a approximately equal to 4.5 kb mRNA present in most tissues and a approximately equal to 6 kb mRNA, found only in fetal brain, adult brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. The deduced amino acid sequences of these isoforms are highly conserved. However, significant differences in codon usage and patterns of genomic DNA hybridization indicate that the alpha subunits are encoded by a multigene family. Structural analysis of the alpha subunits from rat and other species predicts a polytopic protein with seven membrane-spanning regions. Isoform diversity of the alpha subunit may provide a biochemical basis for Na,K-ATPase functional diversity.
The Parallel Supply Function Abstraction for a Virtual Multiprocessor (2010)

A new abstraction --- the Parallel Supply Function (PSF) --- is proposed for representing the computing capabilities offered by virtual platforms implemented atop identical multiprocessors. It is shown that this abstraction is strictly more powerful than previously-proposed ones, from the perspective of more accurately representing the inherent parallelism of the provided computing capabilities. Sufficient tests are derived for determining whether a given real-time task system, represented as a collection of sporadic tasks, is guaranteed to always meet all deadlines when scheduled upon a specified virtual platform using the global EDF scheduling algorithm.
Metastable Jet-Tone States of Jets from Sharp-Edged, Circular, Pipe-Like Orifices (1955)

Characteristics of spectra from relatively thick orifices differ from those from relatively thin. In a given range of Reynolds number, in many cases the jet may exist in any one of several reproducible jet-tone states (metastable states) characteristic of the orifice. The dependence of the component frequencies of the jet-tone spectra (expressed in terms of the orifice-number fd/(Δp/ρ)12) on Reynolds number [ρd(Δp/ρ)12]/μ is shown, where d is diameter of orifice; f, frequency; Δp, pressure difference across orifice; ρ, density; and μ, viscosity of gas. The orifice numbers of the components of the jet-tone spectra generally tend to fall on a single array of equally spaced orifice-number levels. Jet-tones from the same orifice plate, characteristic of both thin as well as thick orifice plates, are found to coexist over a small transition range of orifice thickness-diameter ratio. If the orifice number of the head of the most probable spectral mode for a given orifice thickness-diameter ratio is noted, the same will be found again for the head of the most probable mode at approximate orifice thicknesses t±nd, where n is a small integer.