gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cdc14: a highly conserved family of phosphatases with non-conserved functions? (2010)

CDC14 was originally identified by L. Hartwell in his famous screen for genes that regulate the budding yeast cell cycle. Subsequent work showed that Cdc14 belongs to a family of highly conserved dual-specificity phosphatases that are present in a wide range of organisms from yeast to human. Human CDC14B is even able to fulfill the essential functions of budding yeast Cdc14. In budding yeast, Cdc14 counteracts the activity of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk1) at the end of mitosis and thus has important roles in the regulation of anaphase, mitotic exit and cytokinesis. On the basis of the functional conservation of other cell-cycle genes it seemed obvious to assume that Cdc14 phosphatases also have roles in late mitosis in mammalian cells and regulate similar targets to those found in yeast. However, analysis of the human Cdc14 proteins (CDC14A, CDC14B and CDC14C) by overexpression or by depletion using small interfering RNA (siRNA) has suggested functions that are quite different from those of ScCdc14. Recent studies in avian and human somatic cell lines in which the gene encoding either Cdc14A or Cdc14B had been deleted, have shown - surprisingly - that neither of the two phosphatases on its own is essential for viability, cell-cycle progression and checkpoint control. In this Commentary, we critically review the available data on the functions of yeast and vertebrate Cdc14 phosphatases, and discuss whether they indeed share common functions as generally assumed.
Bioinspired Surfaces with Dynamic Topography for Active Control of Biofouling (2013)

Dynamic change of the surface area and topology of elastomers is used as a general, environmentally friendly approach for effectively detaching micro- and macro-fouling organisms adhered on the elastomer surfaces. Deformation of elastomer surfaces under electrical or pneumatic actuation can debond various biofilms and barnacles. The bio-inspired dynamic surfaces can be fabricated over large areas through simple and practical processes. This new mechanism is complementary with existing materials and methods for biofouling control.
Thin-film Lithium Niobate Photonics for Electro-optics, Nonlinear Optics, and Quantum Optics on Silicon (2018)

Ion-sliced thin-film lithium niobate (LN) compact waveguide technology has facilitated the resurgence of integrated photonics based on lithium niobate. These thin-film LN waveguides offer over an order of magnitude improvement in optical confinement, and about two orders of magnitude reduction in waveguide bending radius, compared to conventional LN waveguides. Harnessing the improved confinement, a variety of miniaturized and efficient photonic devices are demonstrated in this work. First, two types of compact electrooptic modulators are presented – microring modulators, and Mach-Zehnder modulators. Next, two distinct approaches to nonlinear optical frequency converters are implemented – periodically poled lithium niobate, and mode shape modulation (grating assisted quasi-phase matching). Following this, stochastic variations are added to the mode shape modulation approach to demonstrate random quasi-phase matching. Afterward, broadband photon-pair generation is demonstrated in the miniaturized periodically poled lithium niobate, and spectral correlations of the biphoton spectrum are reported. Finally, extensions of the aforementioned results suitable for future work are discussed.
Thrombospondin (TSP1) mediates in vitro proliferation of human MG‐63 osteoblastic cells induced by α‐thrombin (1993)

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a 450-kDa glycoprotein synthesized and secreted by human MG-63 osteoblastic cells. In this study, we have first studied the effect of alpha-thrombin on TSP expression by human MG-63 cells. In situ hybridization indicated that TSP mRNA level in thrombin-treated MG-63 cells was increased when compared to unstimulated cells. As judged by immunofluorescence, thrombin-treatment of MG-63 cells resulted in increased cell surface expression of TSP when compared to quiescent cells. Because thrombin stimulates proliferation of osteoblastic cells, the involvement of TSP in proliferation of thrombin-stimulated osteoblastic cells was then investigated using a serum-free mitogenesis assay. Both alpha-thrombin (0.01 to 0.15 U/ml) and TSP (5 to 600 ng/ml) caused a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation by MG-63 cells. Proliferation of osteoblastic cells induced by alpha-thrombin or TSP was specifically and totally inhibited by anti-TSP monoclonal antibodies (3-10 micrograms/ml) or by indomethacin (1 microM), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Anti-TSP antibodies which inhibited cell proliferation also inhibit TSP expression to the surface of these cells. Our experiments support the existence of a mechanism whereby TSP bound to the cell surface of thrombin-treated MG-63 cells stimulates secretion of prostaglandins which, in turn, allow cell proliferation to proceed.
Influence of Sensor Site Location on Pulse Oximetry Kinetics in Children (1993)

A pulse oximeter sensor is used to monitor changes in arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) in anesthetized pediatric patients. The authors compared the kinetics of desaturation and resaturation measured by sensors placed over central (tongue, cheek) and peripheral (finger, toe) vascular beds in children with congenital heart disease. Desaturation time was defined as the time which elapsed between the onset of apnea and a 4% decrease in SpO2 from baseline. The desaturation times averaged 24 +/- 12 s, 56 +/- 34 s, and 58 +/- 28 s for the cheek, finger, and toe, respectively (n = 40; P < 0.0001 for cheek versus finger or toe). Resaturation time was defined as the interval between the resumption of ventilation and a 4% increase in SpO2 above the nadir. Resaturation times averaged 12 +/- 8 s for the cheek, 40 +/- 36 s for the finger, and 47 +/- 25 s for the toe (n = 40; P < 0.0001 for cheek versus finger or toe). A comparison of the kinetics at two central sensor sites, cheek and tongue, respectively, revealed no significant differences in desaturation times (20 +/- 10 s vs 21 +/- 9 s) or resaturation times (10 +/- 6 s vs 7 +/- 3 s) (n = 13). The authors conclude that both desaturation and resaturation are detected earlier by centrally placed sensors.
Information organizing and sharing method in business media service for virtual manufacturing enterprise (2002)

Progressive information technology requires manufacturers produce higher quality and lower cost products and get them to market faster. In the future, a business society may be formed with virtual enterprise in which each company divides the work in collaboration and shares the results of the product idea and scheduling. Hence, business media infrastructures are required where each company promotes effective data exchange, information delivery and sharing. We propose a system architecture providing service composed of network, service and application layers. We propose an information organizing and sharing method for distributed task information. Information is searched by selectively gathering relevant words. Meta-data describing the relation between gathered data are created and mutually connected with one another using the task model defined by the task procedure. The meta-data refers to knowledge information for the retrieval of design task information. Meta-knowledge composed of the mentioned task model and gathered data, which is stored in a common database, results in viewpoint sharing of a company's internal and external information. This method is adapted to a product design task for an example implementation. We present the design information organizing and sharing method and a prototype of a retrieval support system for design task information. This system enables us to quickly retrieve the task adapted information from a large number of design documents that contain design processes.
A model-based approach to self-protection in computing system (2013)

This paper introduces a model-based autonomic security management (ASM) approach to estimate, detect and identify security attacks along with planning a sequence of actions to effectively protect the networked computing system. In the proposed approach, sensors collect system and network parameters and send the data to the forecasters and the intrusion detection systems (IDSes). A multi-objective controller selects the optimal protection method to recover the system based on the signature of attacks. The proposed approach is demonstrated on several case studies including Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, SQL Injection attacks and memory exhaustion attacks. Experiments show that the ASM approach can successfully defend and recover the victim host from known and unknown attacks while maintaining QoS with low overheads.
Double parabolic cylinder pencil beam antenna (2005)

Radiation from a point source placed on the focal line of a parabolic cylinder is reflected in succession from this cylinder and from a second parabolic cylinder crossed so that its focal line coincides with the directrix of the first cylinder. The two reflections result in a parallel beam. The theory is applicable to both microwaves and light. The advantages of shipment of the cylinders in the form of flat sheets and the possibilities of independent control of horizontal and vertical beamwidths and shapes are pointed out. Experimental models have been built and tested.
Security for universal personal communications (2003)

Evolving architectures for mobile personal communications will provide many new capabilities to users. Voice and data services will be globally available to individuals independent of their location. Unique personal identifiers will allow a person to be reached anywhere in the world, through a variety of communications media, and at a variety of terminal systems. These new services are accompanied by new risks. The author examines the threats to this new environment and possible security services and mechanisms for mobile personal communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lamb model in the study of immunity to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections (1983)

Three groups of ewes were vaccinated with formalin inactivated, whole cell, aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted bacterins prepared from capsulated enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC). Lambs born to and suckling these ewes, compared with lambs of nonvaccinated control ewes, were highly resistant to homologous EEC challenge exposure. Lambs of ewes vaccinated with products prepared from K99 antigen-positive, noncapsulated E coli were highly resistant to heterologous EEC challenge exposure. In both cases, lambs of vaccinated ewes had significantly (P less than 0.005) less morbidity and mortality, fewer challenge inoculum-type E coli per rectal swab evaluation, and had superior weight gains over a 4-day period. Immunoglobulin assay of 122 lamb sera (collected 12 hours after birth) failed to reveal any correlation between serum immunoglobulin values and morbidity or mortality. When tested by plate agglutination technique, using whole cell antigens, or by reverse radial immunodiffusion, using purified capsular antigens, colostral whey samples of vaccinated ewes did not have increased capsular antibody titers. The K99 serum antibody values of K99 antigen-vaccinated ewes were markedly higher than were those of ewes vaccinated with other bacterins or of control ewes.
International Trade Decisions of the Federal Circuit: Three Years of Rigorous Review (2003)

moves on to issues surrounding the appraisal of imported merchandise, duty drawback, final assessment of duties and other charges owed on entries of merchandise, and other issues affecting the flow of goods and people across the U. S. border.The discussion below also reviews the Federal Circuit's jurisprudence over the last three years with respect to the so-called Harbor Maintenance Tax, an area characterized during this period by a series of hotly contested disputes.As detailed below, over the last three years, the Federal Circuit frequently
Proton-exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides: the effects of post-exchange annealing and buffered melts as determined by infrared spectroscopy, optical waveguide measurements, and hydrogen isotopic exchange reactions (1989)

Infrared spectroscopy in the OH stretching region has been used to determine the extent of proton exchange in x- and z-cut lithium niobate as a function of temperature and time. The behavior observed is consistent with the occurrence of a diffusion-limited process within LiNbO/sub 3/. Apparent activation energies for the process determined from infrared spectroscopic measurements are consistent with the existence of a minimum exchange temperature and show that a relationship exists between waveguide depth and absorption band area. The measurements are also shown that hydrogen-bonded OH is substantially removed by annealing and that the extent of its formation is reduced by using buffered (lithium benzoate/benzoic acid) melts. It is suggested that hydrogen-bonded OH groups are responsible for many of the problems associated with proton-exchanged waveguides. Therefore, implementation of either annealing or buffered melts as part of the fabrication process is required to realize good-quality proton-exchanged waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical Coherence Tomography to Detect Epithelial Lesions of the Main Pancreatic Duct: An Ex Vivo Study (2005)

OCT identified the neoplastic and non-neoplastic MPD layer structure and appeared to be a reproducible technique. In non-neoplastic conditions, OCT appeared unable to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues in about half of the cases.
Motion estimation and segmentation using a global Bayesian approach (2002)

An approach to the problem of optic flow estimation and segmentation from image sequences is presented. It is shown that optic flow estimation and segmentation can be expressed, within a Bayesian decision framework, as a global estimation problem. The unknown process to be estimated corresponds to the 2D relative velocity field and to the motion boundaries. Several observations are used in the scheme, involving the spatiotemporal gradients of the image sequence and the output of an intensity edge detector. The unknown velocity field and motion discontinuities are modeled using a joint Markov random field, allowing the smoothing of the velocity field and the preservation of motion boundaries. Critical areas, such as occluding regions, are detected using a likelihood test and, in this case, a modified interaction model is applied. Results are presented on a real-world digital TV sequence involving complex 3D motions and occlusions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The design and implementation of real-time internet-based telerobotics (2004)

This paper describes the main issues facing the development of telerobotic systems connected to the Internet. Mainly is concerned with the study of communication protocols and coding technique required in the conception of tools supporting real-time control and multimedia transport over the Internet. UDP is proved to be the better protocol used in real-time control than TCP. Audio and video data must be played back continuously at the same rate as when generated. But current Internet is unstable, like variable time delay and package losses, and multimedia traffic is extremely dense and heavy. To solve these problems, by using modified UDP protocol referred to RTP protocol, we present a 6-HTRT parallel robot system which not only achieves real-time transmission of both the H.263+ video and the G.729 audio, but also controls the movement of the robot with the Logitech ClickSmart510 via the Internet.
A new multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation method for modular multilevel inverter (2011)

The multilevel inverters (MLIs) utilization have been increased in recent years due to its advantages such as: staircase waveform quality, better harmonic spectrum, reduced EMI, eliminated common mode voltage and etc. Different methods have been proposed for multilevel inverter modulation that one of them is level-shifted PWM method (LS-PWM). In this paper a new LS-PWM method is introduced that uses rotating carrier waveforms for generation of gate signals of switches to balance switching pattern in all cells for a modular MLI, at all modulation indices. A three phase seven level modular inverter is used to explain the method. This method can be easily extended to an n-level inverter. Simulation has been carried out and results show that the proposed method can balance switching pattern for all cells compare to the conventional LS-PWM while the quality of waveforms has not been changed.
TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed in human seminomas (2002)

Overexpression of the TCL1 oncogene has been shown to play a causative role in T cell leukemias of humans and mice. The characterization of Tcl1-deficient mice in these studies indicates an important developmental role for Tcl1 in early embryogenesis. In wild-type embryos, Tcl1 is abundant in the first three mitotic cycles, during which it shuttles between nuclei and the embryo cortical regions in a cell-cycle-dependent fashion. The absence of this protein in early embryogenesis results in reduced fertility of female mice. The present studies elucidate the mechanism responsible for the reduced female fertility through analysis of the oogenesis stages and early embryo development in Tcl1-deficient mice. Even though Tcl1(-/-) females display normal oogenesis and rates of oocyte maturation/ovulation and fertilization, the lack of maternally derived Tcl1 impairs the embryo's ability to undergo normal cleavage and develop to the morula stage, especially under in vitro culture conditions. Beyond this crisis point, differentiative traits of zygotic genome activation and embryo compaction can take place normally. In contrast with this unanticipated role in early embryogenesis, we observed an overexpression of TCL1 in human seminomas. This finding suggests that TCL1 dysregulation could contribute to the development of this germinal cell cancer as well as lymphoid malignancies.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Contributes to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Heart (2000)

These results show that acute release of MMP-2 during reperfusion after ischemia contributes to cardiac mechanical dysfunction. The inhibition of MMPs may be a novel pharmacological strategy for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Aggregation of pairwise comparisons with reduction of biases (2019)

We study the problem of ranking from crowdsourced pairwise comparisons. Answers to pairwise tasks are known to be affected by the position of items on the screen, however, previous models for aggregation of pairwise comparisons do not focus on modeling such kind of biases. We introduce a new aggregation model factorBT for pairwise comparisons, which accounts for certain factors of pairwise tasks that are known to be irrelevant to the result of comparisons but may affect workers' answers due to perceptual reasons. By modeling biases that influence workers, factorBT is able to reduce the effect of biased pairwise comparisons on the resulted ranking. Our empirical studies on real-world data sets showed that factorBT produces more accurate ranking from crowdsourced pairwise comparisons than previously established models.
Distinct Roles for the A2B Adenosine Receptor in Acute and Chronic Stages of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury (2010)

Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated in response to cell injury where it orchestrates tissue protection and repair. Whereas adenosine is best known for promoting anti-inflammatory activities during acute injury responses, prolonged elevations can enhance destructive tissue remodeling processes associated with chronic disease states. The generation of adenosine and the subsequent activation of the adenosine 2B receptor (A(2B)R) is an important processes in the regulation of both acute and chronic lung disease. The goal of this study was to examine the contribution of the A(2B)R in models of bleomycin-induced lung injury that exhibit varying degrees of acute and chronic injury. Intratracheal bleomycin exposure results in substantial acute lung injury followed by progressive fibrosis. In this model, genetic removal of the A(2B)R resulted in enhanced loss of barrier function and increased pulmonary inflammation, with few differences in indexes of pulmonary fibrosis. These results support an anti-inflammatory role for this receptor in this model of acute lung injury. In contrast, systemic exposure of mice to bleomycin resulted in modest acute lung injury together with progressive pulmonary fibrosis. In this model, the effects of A(2B)R removal on acute lung injury were negligible; however, there were substantial reductions in pulmonary fibrosis, supporting a profibrotic role for this receptor. A(2B)R-dependent regulation of IL-6 production was identified as a potential mechanism involved in the diminished pulmonary fibrosis seen in A(2B)R knockout mice exposed to i.p. bleomycin. These studies highlight the distinct roles of A(2B)R signaling during acute and chronic stages of lung injury.
Relationship between depth of a target in a turbid medium and fluorescence measured by a variable-aperture method (2002)

The relationship between the depth of a target in a turbid medium and the fluorescence ratio profile measured by use of illumination and collection apertures with variable diameters and the same optical path is shown. The forward problem was studied by Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of fluorescent light through a theoretical model of a biologically relevant system for a range of aperture diameters. The curve of the fluorescence ratio as a function of the aperture diameter is characterized by a maximum/minimum point whose position shifts linearly with the depth of the target. Furthermore, the position of the maximum/minimum is observed to be insensitive to variations in the fluorescence efficiency and to the optical properties of the target layer or the entire medium.
Sepsis-induced apoptosis of the thymocytes in mice. (1994)

Intraperitoneal injection of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) induces thymic atrophy in mice. The thymus weight, cell number, and viability began to decrease at 3 h, and reached their lowest level at 72 h. The thymocyte death was associated with DNA fragmentation of approximately 200 base pairs in ladder form. The kinetic study on histopathology revealed the process of thymocyte death and thymic atrophy. Flow-cytometric analysis showed that CD4+CD8+ thymocytes decreased predominantly. LPS caused thymocyte apoptosis, but only in LPS-responder mice, unlike Gram-negative bacteria that induced apoptosis in both LPS-responder (C3H/HeN) and LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ). Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae also caused apoptosis in LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) and LPS-responder mice (B6). The kinetics of serum TNF-alpha production after Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria injection was slightly different. E. coli induced serum TNF-alpha peak at 1 h in B6 mice, whereas S. pneumoniae induced a peak at 6 h in C3H/HeJ and at 9 h in B6 mice. Similarly, S. pneumoniae induced thymocyte apoptosis around 9 to 12 h, which was 6 to 9 h later than that observed with E. coli in B6 mice. Anti-TNF-alpha Ab completely blocked the E. coli-induced thymocyte apoptosis, but was only partially inhibitory on the S. pneumoniae-induced thymocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, thymocyte apoptosis induced by E. coli was inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D. These data indicate that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria could induce thymus atrophy via apoptosis, and that TNF-alpha is a common denominator released and might be responsible for the thymocyte apoptosis.