gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 35. Synthesis and biological activity of 9,11-dehydrovitamin D3 analogs: stereoselective preparation of 6.beta.-vitamin D vinylallenes and a concise enynol synthesis for preparing the A-ring (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of vitamin D (calciferol) and its analogs. 35. Synthesis and biological activity of 9,11-dehydrovitamin D3 analogs: stereoselective preparation of 6.beta.-vitamin D vinylallenes and a concise enynol synthesis for preparing the A-ringWilliam H. Okamura, J. Miguel Aurrecoechea, Richard A. Gibbs, and Anthony W. NormanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4072–4083Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00278a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Resistance of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci to Methicillin and Oxacillin (1965)

Gravenkemper, Charles F. (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle), Jean L. Brodie, and William M. M. Kirby. Resistance of coagulase-positive staphylococci to methicillin and oxacillin. J. Bacteriol. 89:1005-1010. 1965.-Two strains resistant to methicillin were discovered among 541 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a clinical laboratory during a 1-yr period, and their properties were compared with those of strains isolated in Europe. The two strains were very active producers of penicillinase, and exhibited cross-resistance with other antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Like the European strains, our resistant cultures showed resistance to methicillin only with large inocula, and consisted of a mixture of cells. The great majority were sensitive and underwent early swelling and lysis, and only a small minority of the bacteria were able to grow in the presence of methicillin. The methicillin-resistant strains caused destruction of methicillin and oxacillin in vitro, but the rate of hydrolysis was slow. Antibiotic destruction was probably due to high concentrations of staphylococcal penicillinase, and not to another specific enzyme. These observations are helpful in explaining why resistance of staphylococci to the synthetic penicillins has not become a significant clinical problem.
On the power of cascade ciphers (1985)

The unicity distance of a cascade of random ciphers, with respect to known plaintext attack, is shown to be the sum of the key lengths. A time-space trade-off for the exhaustive cracking of a cascade of ciphers is shown. The structure of the set of permutations realized by a cascade is studied; it is shown that only l .2 k exhaustive experiments are necessary to determine the behavior of a cascade of l stages, each having k key bits. It is concluded that the cascade of random ciphers is not a random cipher. Yet, it is shown that, with high probability, the number of permutations realizable by a cascade of l random ciphers, each having k key bits, is 2 lk . Next, it is shown that two stages are not worse than one, by a simple reduction of the cracking problem of any of the stages to the cracking problem of the cascade. Finally, it is shown that proving a nonpolynomial lower bound on the cracking problem of long cascades is a hard task, since such a bound implies that P ≉ NP .
Radar bridge clearance sensor (2002)

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has a mission to help assure the safety of vessels and the efficiency of navigation on the coastal waters and the Great Lakes of the USA. To this end, accurate real-time measurements of water levels at various points are required. NOAA in meeting such needs has established a Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS) program in 1980 for the purpose of monitoring in real-time the water level and other environmental parameters at the nation's major harbor and bay systems. PORTS allows port authorities and ship operators to make sound decisions regarding loading of tonnage, maximum loads, and travel schedule, without compromising safety. A sensor to monitor the bridge clearance adds to the functionality of PORTS and addresses a major safety concern of ship operators, bridge authorities, and the general public.
Accounting for a variety of reasoning data within a cognitive architecture (2006)

A variety of forms of human everyday reasoning are studied in this paper. In particular, the interplay between rule-based reasoning, (implicit) similarity-based reasoning, and (implicit) associative memory (intuition) is explored. In doing this, both explicit and implicit forms of human reasoning are incorporated in a unified framework, which is embodied in a cognitive architecture, CLARION. First, similarity in human everyday reasoning is explored. A computational framework encompassing both rule-based and similarity-based reasoning provides explanations for human data. The simulation using CLARION demonstrates the role played by similarity-based reasoning in human everyday reasoning, and how such a reasoning process follows from the structure of CLARION. Furthermore, the modelling of discovery tasks, i.e. tasks where sudden insights result from cumulative information, is explored. This is useful for improving the understanding of reasoning involving intuition and insight. The situation is interpreted as involving mainly implicit associative memory with successive accumulation of information. The simulation within CLARION accurately captures some human data. Overall, the exploration of both similarity-based reasoning and intuition in this cognitive architecture leads toward a more comprehensive framework of human everyday reasoning.
A chromosome-scale assembly of the sorghum genome using nanopore sequencing and optical mapping (2018)

Long-read sequencing technologies have greatly facilitated assemblies of large eukaryotic genomes. In this paper, Oxford Nanopore sequences generated on a MinION sequencer are combined with Bionano Genomics Direct Label and Stain (DLS) optical maps to generate a chromosome-scale de novo assembly of the repeat-rich Sorghum bicolor Tx430 genome. The final assembly consists of 29 scaffolds, encompassing in most cases entire chromosome arms. It has a scaffold N<sub>50</sub> of 33.28 Mbps and covers 90% of the expected genome length. A sequence accuracy of 99.85% is obtained after aligning the assembly against Illumina Tx430 data and 99.6% of the 34,211 public gene models align to the assembly. Comparisons of Tx430 and BTx623 DLS maps against the public BTx623 v3.0.1 genome assembly suggest substantial discrepancies whose origin remains to be determined. In summary, this study demonstrates that informative assemblies of complex plant genomes can be generated by combining nanopore sequencing with DLS optical maps.
Canine leukocyte integrins: Characterization of a CD 18 homologue (1990)

The major characteristics of the canine CD18 leukocyte antigen family, defined by a murine monoclonal antibody CA1,4E9, are described. The overall molecular organization of this family of leukocyte integrins was similar to the human counterpart, and consisted of a common beta subunit of 95 kD (CD18) and non-covalently linked alpha subunits of 150 kD (CD11C), 165 kD (CD11b) and 180 kD (Cd11a). Conservation of CD18 epitopes between dog, human, feline, equine and bovine was observed. CD18 expression in lymphoid tissue had a characteristic pattern which was based on differences in the intensity of expression observed in different cell types. The expression of LeuCAMs in canine epidermotropic lymphosarcoma (mycosis fungoides) was also explored since LeuCAMs might be expected to play a major role in the tissue tropism of this tumor. Intense CD18 expression was observed in the malignant T cells which infiltrated the epidermis; these cells differed phenotypically from dermal T cells in that they often lacked Thy-1 expression. The potential pathogenetic significance of LeuCAM expression in canine mycosis fungoides is discussed.
Antioxidant activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (1992)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from normal subjects is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. This antioxidant activity (AOA) of BAL fluid is primarily due to the serum proteins transferrin and ceruloplasmin. In the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is an influx of protein-rich edema fluid into the alveolar space that may increase antioxidant activity and provide protection against further oxidant-mediated lung injury. To test this hypothesis, the AOA of BAL fluid was measured in patients with ARDS (n = 11) and normal subjects (n = 12). When compared with normal subjects, BAL fluid from ARDS patients had a significantly higher concentration of total protein (2,536.8 +/- 408.2 micrograms/ml vs. 77.3 +/- 7.0 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.005). When compared at several volumes, BAL fluid from ARDS patients was a more potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation than BAL fluid from normals. In addition, when AOA was determined on equal milligram amounts of BAL fluid protein from ARDS patients and normal subjects, ARDS BAL fluid protein had a significantly higher AOA. Consistent with its higher AOA, ARDS BAL fluid contained increased concentrations of both transferrin (77.8 +/- 15.3 micrograms/ml vs. 2.78 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.05) and ceruloplasmin (36.5 +/- 5.6 micrograms/ml vs. 0.26 +/- 0.02 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.005) compared with normal subjects. The importance of both ceruloplasmin and transferrin in the enhanced AOA of ARDS BAL fluid was further demonstrated by studies that showed a significant decrement in AOA when the antioxidant functions of these two proteins were selectively blocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sensitive Enzymatic Method for Determination of Glucose, Galactose, and Lactose in Cheddar Cheese (1970)

A sensitive enzymatic method for determination of glucose, galactose, and lactose in cheese revealed that these sugars frequently persist in Cheddar cheese for two years. The procedure involves the colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide formed by the oxidation of glucose and galactose with their respective oxidases, Lactose was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and determined as glucose or galactose. As little as 0.002% glucose, 0.00:[% galactose, and 0.004% lactose could be determined in cheese. These sugars in aged cheese were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography.
Development and performance advantages of industrial, automotive and aviation synthetic lubricants (1984)

Abstract The study and use of some types of syntbetic lubricants can be traced back 50 years. 1 Within the past twenty years, rapid advances in technology have resulted in syntbetic lubricants that can operate satisfactorily over temperature extremes well beyond the capabilities of conventional petroleum‐based oils. Current emphasis is on the ability of some types of synthetic lubricants to allow more efficient system operation, with concomitant energy savings and extended equipment and oil life. Several definitions have been proposed for synthetic lubricants. In this paper, the authors define a synthetic lubricant as a product which consists of base fluids manufactured by chemical synthesis and containing necessary performance additives. Thus the base fluids are tailored, through specific chemical reactions, to meet predetermined physical and chemical quality targets. In this paper, discussion will be limited to (a) a review of the types of chemicals which have been studied for use in synthetic lubricants and (b) selected application data which dramatise some of the advantages gained through use of the synthetic lubricant.
Rearrangements of 5-nitronorbornenes. II. 6-Phenyl- and 6-methyl-5-nitro-2-norbornenes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangements of 5-nitronorbornenes. II. 6-Phenyl- and 6-methyl-5-nitro-2-norbornenesWayland E. Noland, Richard B. Hart, William A. Joern, and R. Gerald SimonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 7, 2058–2067Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01259a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01259a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lignan lactones. Synthesis of (+-)-collinusin and justicidin B (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLignan lactones. Synthesis of (+-)-collinusin and justicidin BRobert Stevenson and Elliott BlockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 22, 3453–3455Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00821a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00821a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (1999)

Patients with relapsing-remitting MS have measurable amounts of whole brain atrophy that worsens yearly, in most cases without clinical manifestations. The brain parenchymal fraction is a marker for destructive pathologic processes ongoing in relapsing MS patients, and appears useful in demonstrating treatment effects in controlled clinical trials.
STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF NAFION-H: A FLUORINATED SULFONIC ACID POLYMER (1986)

Abstract This paper deals with the structure and chemistry of Nafion-H, the acidic form of Nafion, which is the trade name for a perfluorinated polymer manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Nafion-H and its salts are available from Dupont in both membrane and powder forms. Nafion composites with Teflon mesh (polytetrafluoroethylene) added to give increased mechanical strength are also available. In addition, sulfonated fluorocarbons modified with other chemically active polymers have been made by Dupont and by competing companies such as Ashai Chemical Industry Co., Ashai Glass Co., Tokuyama Soda Co., and Toya Soda Co.
Room-Temperature Synthesis of UiO-66 and Thermal Modulation of Densities of Defect Sites (2017)

UiO-66 is an archetypal zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) that is constructed from hexanuclear zirconium oxide clusters as secondary building units (SBUs) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (bdc) linkers. For the first time, a room-temperature solution-based synthesis is reported for UiO-66 and several of its derivatives, UiO-66-X (X = NH2, OH, or NO2), resulting in materials that are as porous and crystalline as those made at elevated temperatures. In addition, via modulation of the temperature at which UiO-66 is synthesized, the number of defect sites can be varied. It was found through N2 sorption isotherm analysis and potentiometric acid–base titrations that increasing the synthesis temperature from 25 to 130 °C results in a systematic decrease in the number of defect sites in UiO-66. The results suggest that, with respect to this synthetic procedure, a maximal number of defect sites is achieved [∼1.3 missing linkers per Zr6O4(OH)4(bdc)6] at a temperature of 45 °C.
Polyhydroxy Fullerenes for Non‐Invasive Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2010)

The novel optical properties of polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHF)—which are water-soluble, biodegradable and antioxidant—are applied for imaging and therapy of cancer. Tumors injected with PHF are imaged with photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photothermally treated with near-infrared (NIR) laser. Tumor size decreases up to 72% within two hours of treatment, with only a blister visible after 20 hours. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The gene coding for PGC-1α modifies age at onset in Huntington's disease (2009)

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common autosomal dominant inherited, neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by progressive motor, emotional and cognitive dysfunction. In addition metabolic abnormalities such as wasting and altered energy expenditure are increasingly recognized as clinical hallmarks of the disease. HD is caused by an unstable CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene (HTT), localized on chromosome 4p16.3. The number of CAG repeats in the HD gene is the main predictor of disease-onset, but the remaining variation is strongly heritable. Transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that PGC-1α, a transcriptional master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, is defective in HD. A genome wide search for modifier genes of HD age-of-onset had suggested linkage at chromosomal region 4p16–4p15, near the locus of PPARGC1A, the gene coding for PGC-1α. We now present data of 2-loci PPARGC1A block 2 haplotypes, showing an effect upon age-at-onset in 447 unrelated HD patients after statistical consideration of CAG repeat lengths in both HTT alleles. Block 1 haplotypes were not associated with the age-at-onset. Homozygosity for the 'protective' block 2 haplotype was associated with a significant delay in disease onset. To our knowledge this is the first study to show clinically relevant effects of the PGC-1α system on the course of Huntington's disease in humans.
Both the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS-1) Kinase Inhibitory Region and SOCS-1 Mimetic Bind to JAK2 Autophosphorylation Site: Implications for the Development of a SOCS-1 Antagonist (2007)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 protein modulates signaling by IFN-gamma by binding to the autophosphorylation site of JAK2 and by targeting bound JAK2 to the proteosome for degradation. We have developed a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor peptide (Tkip) that is a SOCS-1 mimetic. Tkip is compared in this study with the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS-1 for JAK2 recognition, inhibition of kinase activity, and regulation of IFN-gamma-induced biological activity. Tkip and a peptide corresponding to the KIR of SOCS-1, ((53))DTHFRTFRSHSDYRRI((68)) (SOCS1-KIR), both bound similarly to the autophosphorylation site of JAK2, JAK2(1001-1013). The peptides also bound to JAK2 peptide phosphorylated at Tyr(1007), pJAK2(1001-1013). Dose-response competitions suggest that Tkip and SOCS1-KIR similarly recognize the autophosphorylation site of JAK2, but probably not precisely the same way. Although Tkip inhibited JAK2 autophosphorylation as well as IFN-gamma-induced STAT1-alpha phosphorylation, SOCS1-KIR, like SOCS-1, did not inhibit JAK2 autophosphorylation but inhibited STAT1-alpha activation. Both Tkip and SOCS1-KIR inhibited IFN-gamma activation of Raw 264.7 murine macrophages and inhibited Ag-specific splenocyte proliferation. The fact that SOCS1-KIR binds to pJAK2(1001-1013) suggests that the JAK2 peptide could function as an antagonist of SOCS-1. Thus, pJAK2(1001-1013) enhanced suboptimal IFN-gamma activity, blocked SOCS-1-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in IL-6-treated cells, enhanced IFN-gamma activation site promoter activity, and enhanced Ag-specific proliferation. Furthermore, SOCS-1 competed with SOCS1-KIR for pJAK2(1001-1013). Thus, the KIR region of SOCS-1 binds directly to the autophosphorylation site of JAK2 and a peptide corresponding to this site can function as an antagonist of SOCS-1.
Purification of Cosmid and Plasmid Clones (1992)

Cosmid- or plasmid-bearing colonies that are identified by hybridization are purified by spreading the cosmids or plasmids on an agar plate and repeating the colony hybridization.