gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Delphinidin 3‐<i>O</i>‐(6″‐<i>O</i>‐Malonyl)‐<i>β</i>‐glucoside‐3′‐<i>O</i>‐<i>β</i>‐glucoside, a Postulated Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Ternatin C5 in the Blue Petals of <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> (Butterfly Pea) (2004)

Ternatins are blue anthocyanins found in the petals of Clitoria ternata (butterfly pea). Among them, ternatin C5 (delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3',5'-di-O-beta-glucoside; 2) has the structure common to all the ternatins, which is characterized by its glucosylation pattern: a 3,3',5'-triglucosylated anthocyanidin. In the course of studying biosynthetic pathways of ternatins, the key enzymatic activities to produce ternatin C5 were discovered in a crude enzyme preparation from the petals of a blue petal line of C. ternatea. When this preparation was tested for activity against several delphinidin glycosides, delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3'-O-beta-glucoside (6), a postulated intermediate, was found in the reaction mixture, together with three known anthocyanins, which were spectroscopically structurally identified. As a result of structural identification, the following enzymatic activities were identified: UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3'-O-beta-glucoside 5'-O-glucosyltransferase (5'GT), UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside 3'-O-glucosyltransferase (3'GT), UDP-glucose :delphinidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and malonyl-CoA :delphinidin 3-O-beta-glucoside 6''-malonyltransferase. In a mauve petal line, which did not accumulate ternatins but delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside in its petal, there were neither 5'GT nor 3'GT activities. Thus, the early biosynthetic pathway of ternatins may be characterized by the stepwise transfer of two glucose residues to 3'- and 5'-position of delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside (1; Scheme) from UDP-glucose.
Antibacterial Interactions of Monolaurin with Commonly Used Antimicrobials and Food Components (2009)

Monolaurin is a nontraditional antimicrobial agent that possesses better antimicrobial activities but causes no health problems to consumers, but the use of monolaurin in the food industry as a preservative is still limited. Using a microtiter plate assay, the minimum inhibitory concentrations for monolaurin were 25 microg/mL against Escherichia coli, 12.5 microg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, and 30 microg/mL against Bacillus subtilis. The interaction with commonly used antimicrobials revealed that monolaurin and nisin acted synergistically against the test microorganisms, monolaurin in combination with sodium dehydroacetate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was synergistic against E. coli and B. subtilis but not S. aureus, and monolaurin combined with calcium propionate or sodium lactate showed no synergistic effects against any test microorganism. The interaction with food components revealed that the antibacterial effectiveness of monolaurin was reduced by fat or starch while the monolaurin activity remained unchanged in the presence of protein. This study contributes to a better understanding on the use of monolaurin as a nontraditional preservative in food products. Results from this study suggest the potential use of monolaurin as a nontraditional preservative in combination with commonly used antimicrobials, such as nisin, sodium dehydroacetate, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and suggest that the antibacterial effectiveness of monolaurin may be reduced significantly in high-fat or low-starch food products.
Buffer management in connectionless servers for AAL5 traffic (1995)

Connectionless service over ATM networks is supported either, indirectly, by establishing separate end to end virtual connections between ATM end stations or directly by using a connectionless server (CLS). This paper presents an in-depth performance comparison of various buffer management strategies in the CLS for AAL5 traffic. All three logical buffers (cell-collection, processing, and departure) in a CLS are considered. Different buffer space allocation schemes and cell discarding mechanisms are studied with respect to their efficiency in buffer space utilisation, frame loss probability and forwarding delays for a given buffer size and traffic.
Effect of neurotrophins on differentiation, calcification and proliferation in cultures of human pulp cells (2007)

Neurotrophins (NTs) are expressed during tooth development. However, little is known about a role of NTs in differentiation of pulp cells into mineralizing cells. In this study, mRNA expressions of hard tissue-related proteins, calcification and proliferation are examined in cultures of human pulp (HP) cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3 and NT-4/5 increased the mRNA levels of dentin sialophsphoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, type I collagen and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and mineral deposition in cultures of HP cells. The increased levels and manners varied, depending on the concentrations of NTs and hard-tissue related protein tested. On the other hand, only NGF significantly stimulated DNA synthesis in cultures of HP cells. These findings suggest that NTs characteristically regulate hard-tissue related protein expression, calcification and proliferation in pulp cells. NTs may accelerate pulp cell differentiation.
Development of Technology Competencies for Public Services’ Staff Has Limited External Validity. A Review of: Wong, G. K. W. (2010). Information commons help desk transactions study. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 36(3), 235-241. (2011)

<b>Objective</b> - To develop an understanding of the types of technology questions asked at an information commons help desk for the purposes of staffing the desk and training. Specifically, the study looked to answer the following questions:<br>1. What kind of assistance do users seek from the help desk?<br>2. How complex is it to handle the technology questions?<br>3. What are the key competencies desirable of the help desk staff?<br><b>Design</b> - Qualitative analysis of transactions completed at an information commons help desk.<br><b>Setting</b> - A medium sized academic library located in Hong Kong.<br><b>Data</b> - 1,636 transactions completed at an information commons help desk between January 2007 and May 2009.<br><b>Methods</b> - From the opening in 2006, the staff of the information commons help desk recorded all transactions electronically using a modified version of the open source software LibStats. The author examined the transactions for roughly the second and third weeks of each month from January 2007 to May 2009 in an effort to determine the types of questions asked and their complexity.<br><b>Main Results</b> - In response to question one, 86.3% of questions asked at the help desk concerned technology; the majority of those questions (76.5%) were about printing, wireless connection, and various software operation. For question two, 82% of technology questions were determined to be of the lowest tier (Tier 1) of complexity, one-third of the questions required only “direct answers,” and 80% of questions could be answered consistently via the creation of a “knowledge base of answers for these foreseeable questions.” For question three, a list of fourteen competencies for help desk staff were created.<br><b>Conclusion</b> - With the low complexity of the technology questions asked, the creation of a knowledge base of common questions and answers, and proper training of staff based on the competencies identified in the study, an information commons could be effective with one integrated desk staffed by a librarian and paraprofessional staff member.
Preparation of small‐sized carboxylated latexes by emulsion polymerization using alkali‐soluble random copolymer (1998)

Alkali-soluble random copolymer (ASR), poly(styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid) [Mn: 4,300; acid number: 190], was used as a polymeric emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate, respectively. ASR containing a large number of carboxyl groups could form aggregates like micelles, and the solubilization ability of the aggregates was dependent on the neutralization degree of ASR. The polystyrene latexes prepared using ASR showed the small particle size (ca. 40 nm) and monodispersed particle size distribution. On the other hand, the particle size distribution of poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes became broader as the neutralization of ASR increased. This could be explained by the effects of water solubility of the monomer and the neutralization degree of ASR on particle formation. Thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detector analysis confirmed that the grafting reaction of polystyrene to ASR occurred during emulsion polymerization. The ζ potentials of final latexes showed high values due to ASR that was adsorbed and grafted on the surface of the latex particle. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 543–550, 1998
Incentive service model for P2P (2005)

Summary form only given. One of the underlying assumptions on the design of peer-to-peer (P2P) network is that each peer trusts each other for forwarding transit messages. However, with the growth of P2P application, especially in business model, some peers may behave as selfish, irrational nodes due to conflict of interest or for conservation bandwidth. In our model, the P2P network is considered as a virtual market place where peers can find, provide, and use services. Since peers are owned and operated by different entities, they do not necessarily share the same goals, but rather, to serve their own interests. In this paper, incentive mechanism to motivate peers to forward transit messages is proposed. We have implemented the monetary/token as an incentive mechanism, in which peers can setup their cost to charge for transiting a message. We also show that a peer may setup transiting cost higher or lower than other peers, but the strategy on setup the cost reflects its benefit.
Topical application of nerve growth factor improves fracture healing in rats (1997)

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of nerve growth factor on the healing of unsplinted fractured ribs. After fracture of a rib in male rats, nerve growth factor was delivered by a miniosmotic pump to the fracture site for 7 days at the rate of 1.4 micrograms/day. Callus catecholamine concentrations, bone callus size, histomorphometry, and biomechanical properties of the repairing rib were measured at 7, 21, and 42 days after fracture. After 21 days, concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were significantly increased in the group treated with nerve growth factor compared with those in the control group (211% norepinephrine and 322% epinephrine). Also, the midline longitudinal area of non-osseous (fibrous tissue and cartilage) callus of the fracture was significantly smaller (54%) and had a higher proportion of cartilage in the treated group than in the controls. By 42 days, there was only bony callus between the fracture ends in both the control group and the treated group. The treated group, however, again showed significantly elevated concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine (286 and 382%, respectively) and significantly elevated breaking stress (50%) and Young's modulus (51%), together with a reduction in the transverse cross-sectional area of the repair site (57%). The resultant increases in effectiveness and rate of repair of bone with administration of nerve growth factor suggest that it may play an important role in the healing processes of fractured bone.
Activation of resting T cells: distinct roles of intact accessory cells, phorbol myristate acetate and interleukin 1 (1986)

The accessory cell (AC) signals involved in the activation of resting guinea pig T lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen (PHA), or the calcium ionophore, ionomycin (Ion) were examined. Activation of T cells was assessed by cell cycle analysis after acridine orange staining and /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation. PHA-stimulated T cells depleted of all AC were unable to respond in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and/or interleukin 1 (IL 1). With suboptimal numbers of AC, PMA greatly augmented the number of T cells activated by PHA to enter and progress through the cell cycle, but only when present during the first few hours of culture. By contrast, IL 1 had little effect on the number of cells entering the cell cycle, although it enhanced S phase entry of the activated cells. IL 1 augmented DNA synthesis when added initially or later in culture. In contrast to the effects noted with PHA, PMA promoted activation and DNA synthesis of the majority of Ion stimulated cells in the complete absence of AC. IL 1 alone could not support Ion induced T cell activation although it enhanced T cell DNA synthesis in cultures stimulated by PMA and Ion. These studies indicate that intact AC,more » IL 1 and PMA-like signals play distinct roles in the progression of T cells through the initial cell cycle. Stimulation by Ion requires only PMA whereas PHA responses require intact AC and can be amplified by PMA. The major effect of IL 1 is to promote S phase entry of activated T cells.« less
A long way to the battlefront: CAR T cell therapy against solid cancers (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered synthetic receptors that redirect and reprogram T cells to tumor surface antigens for subsequent eradication. The unprecedented efficacy of CD19-CAR T cells against B-cell malignancies has inspired oncologists to extend these efforts for the treatment of solid tumors. However, limited success has been achieved so far, partially due to some of the formidable challenges, e.g. suppression of full activation, inhibition of T cell localization, lacking of ideal targets, inefficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppression of microenvironment, and the probability of off targets and associated side effects. Significant progresses have being made recently. Thus, an updated summary is urgently needed. Here in this review, we discuss the advantages and some of the key hurdles encountered by CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors as well as the strategies adopted to improve therapeutic outcomes of this approach. Continuing efforts to increase therapeutic potential and decrease the adverse effects of adaptive cell transfer are suggested as well.
Monitoring Sustainable Agricultural Development in Romania (2011)

Sustainable development is a concern of governments and groups of countries around the world. The topic is on top agenda because the need for a coherent development strategy became imminent under global crisis conditions. The objectives of the work consist in identifying the level of sustainable development of agriculture in Romania, by quantifying the indicators developed by the European Union and those published by the United Nations. The main results show a slight progress in sustainable agricultural development of Romania, at least in those regarding the area under organic farming, which increased 8 times from 2000 to 2009.
ONO‐8815Ly, an EP2 agonist that markedly inhibits uterine contractions in women (2004)

ONO-8815Ly is a potent inhibitor of spontaneous uterine contractility in non-pregnant women and it reduces the uterine response to oxytocin injections.
Characteristics of Anti‐Spermatozoal Antibodies Responsible for the Shaking Phenomenon with Special Regard to Immunoglobulin Class and Antigen‐Reactive Sites (1980)

The interaction between spermatozoa and cervical mucus in the presence of antispermatozoal antibodies was studied in the SCMC-test and in the Miller-Kurzrok test. A high correlation was found between: 1. The "shaking phenomenon" in the SCMC-test; 2. sperm penetration into cervical mucus; 3. the sperm agglutination titre in seminal plasma and in cervical mucus. The authors performed investigations which indicate that antispermatozoal IgA in semen and in cervical mucus is probably responsible for the "Shaking phenomenon" in the SCMC-test and for the reduced penetration of spermatozoa into cervical mucus. Experiments with the Miller-Kurzrok test make it probable that antispermatozoal antibodies in semen, which are responsible for the "shaking phenomenon", are directed against the surface antigens of the sperm tails. Antispermatozoal antibodies in cervical mucus, which are responsible for the "shaking phenomenon", are probably directed against the surface antigens of the sperm acrosome.
Accurate measurements of the thermal diffusivity of thin filaments by lock-in thermography (2010)

In lock-in (modulated) thermography the lateral thermal diffusivity can be obtained from the slope of the linear relation between the phase of the surface temperature and the distance to the heating spot. However, this slope is greatly affected by heat losses, leading to an overestimation of the thermal diffusivity, especially for thin samples of poor thermal conducting materials. In this paper, we present a complete theoretical model to calculate the surface temperature of filaments heated by a focused and modulated laser beam. All heat losses have been included: conduction to the gas, convection, and radiation. Monofilaments and coated wires have been studied. Conduction to the gas has been identified as the most disturbing effect preventing from the direct use of the slope method to measure the thermal diffusivity. As a result, by keeping the sample in vacuum a slope method combining amplitude and phase can be used to obtain the accurate diffusivity value. Measurements performed in a wide variety of filaments confirm the validity of the conclusion. On the other hand, in the case of coated wires, the slope method gives an effective thermal diffusivity, which verifies the in-parallel thermal resistor model. As an application, the slope method has been used to retrieve the thermal conductivity of thin tubes by filling them with a liquid of known thermal properties.
Processing of a Chloroplast‐Translated Membrane Protein <i>in vivo</i> (1982)

The 32 000-dalton (Da) shield protein regulating electron transport in Spirodela oligorrhiza is an integral chloroplast membrane polypeptide. It is rapidly synthesized, constituting a major chloroplast-translation product in vivo. Following in vitro translation of spirodela chloroplast RNA in a wheat germ system, a 33 500-Da polypeptide is produced. Synthesis of a 33 500-Da protein, associated with the chloroplast membrane, is also seen in vivo, within 2 min of pulse-labeling spirodela with radioactive amino acids. Comparative analyses among these polypeptides reveal: (a) all three are deficient in lysine residues; (b) the two 33 500-Da species have indistinguishable partial proteolytic digestion patterns while that for the 32 000-Da protein differs only slightly from them; (c) radioactivity from the 33 500-Da polypeptide is rapidly chased in vivo into the 32 000-Da protein, even in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. These results show the 33 500-Da proteins synthesized in vitro and in vivo to be the precursor form of the 32 000-Da shield protein in spirodela, with processing commencing only after completion of the precursor polypeptide chain and insertion into the membrane.
The problem of prematurity: premature labour. (1997)

Premature labour is a major medical problem. At present, premature labour cannot be predicted. Premature labour cannot be prevented effectively at present. Currently used drugs are not effective overall in reducing infant mortality. There is a need for further research and the development of effective agents for the prevention of premature labour.
High rate performance of the carbon encapsulated Li4Ti5O12 for lithium ion battery (2017)

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is attractive alternative anode material with excellent cyclic performance and high rate after coating modifications of the conductive materials. Anatase TiO2 and glucose were applied of the synthesis of the carbon coated LTO (C@LTO). XRD results showed that all the major diffractions from the spinel structure of LTO can be found in the C@LTO such as (111), (311), (400) but there are no observations of the Carbon diffraction peaks. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data shows C@LTO resistance was nearly half of the LTO value. Rate performance showed that capacity of C@LTO was higher than that of the pure LTO from 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 1 C, 2 C, 5 C and 10 C, which indicates that this is a promising approach to prepare the high performance LTO anode. Keywords: Li-ion batteries, Rate performance, Carbon materials, Li4Ti5O12 anode
GPS C/A code tracking with adaptive beamforming and jammer nulling (2003)

A space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for delay tracking and acquisition of the GPS signature sequence with interference rejection capability is developed. The interference can consist of both broadband and narrowband jammers. The narrowband jammers are modeled as vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and rejected by temporal whitening. The spatial nulling is implicitly achieved by estimating a sample covariance matrix and feeding its inverse into the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Computer simulations demonstrate robust performance of the algorithm in severe jamming, and also show that the algorithm outperforms the conventional delay-locked loop (DLL).
Proton Beam Radiography in Tumor Detection (1973)

Monoenergetic protons are highly sensitive to density variations and are capable of giving radiographs of very high contrast. As an initial step in exploring their diagnostic potential, protons with energies of 160 million electron volts are used in "contact radiography" on tumor-bearing human brain specimens. The proton radiographs are compared with x-radiographs taken under identical specimen conditions.
Transgenerational Health Promotion (2000)

The Adult Health and Development Program (AHDP) is an intergenerational, interdisciplinary health promotion and rehabilitation program in which nursing and other college students are paired with older adults to engage in activities to improve their health and well-being. The purpose of this article is to describe resources and strategies used to implement a new program. The University of Delaware's program uses the ACAEM Paradigm developed by the AHDP at the University of Maryland where the program has existed for 27 years. However, the University of Delaware emphasizes the concepts of transition as described by Schumacher and Meleis and adult learning theory. Older adults are often the most open to education and other forms of support when they need help in making a change or transition in their lives. Schumacher and Meleis contend that transitions are a central concept in nursing and propose a model of transition in which education is the primary modality for preparing for transitions. The model also specifies ways to measure desirable transition outcomes.
Discrimination and production of disparlure enantiomers by the gypsy moth and the nun moth (1984)

ABSTRACT. Two odour receptor cells were physiologically identified within male antennal hair sensillae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L, and the nun moth, L. monacha L. In the gypsy moth, one cell responded to (+)‐disparlure, while a neighbouring cell responded to (‐)‐disparlure. In the nun moth both cells responded to (+)‐disparlure. The lack of sensitivity to (‐)‐disparlure in the nun moth was corroborated by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, which indicated no affinity to this enantiomer. Single cell responses of male gypsy moth to different concentrations of the synthetic enantiomers of disparlure were then compared to responses elicited by hexane extracts of female glands of both species. The gypsy moth's extracts stimulated almost exclusively the receptor cell specialized for (+)‐disparlure, while both cells were simultaneously stimulated by the extracts of the nun moths. From the response characteristic of the cells it is estimated that pheromone production of the nun moth is about 10% (+) and 90% (‐)‐disparlure, and that of the gypsy moth is almost 100% (+)‐disparlure. Stimulation of the antenna of each species by female gland extracts of both species did not indicate the presence of receptors for other hexane elutable pheromone components in either species.