gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Misplaced and dislodged endotracheal tubes may be detected by the defibrillator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2007)

We present two cases of unrecognized endotracheal tube misplacements in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation recognized by the analysis of transthoracic impedance. In Case 1, ventilation-induced changes in transthoracic impedance disappeared after an intubation attempt corresponding to oesophageal intubation. This was clinically recognized after several minutes, the endotracheal tube was repositioned and alterations in transthoracic impedance resumed. In Case 2, the initial ventilation-induced signal change following endotracheal intubation weakened after a few minutes. At that time, the defibrillator gave vocal and visual feedback to the rescuers on ventilatory inactivity, a pharyngeal air leak was discovered simultaneously and the tube was found to be dislodged. Continuous monitoring of transthoracic impedance provided by the defibrillator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may contribute to the early detection of an initially misplaced or later dislodged endotracheal tube.
Mycophenolate mofetil prevents cerebrovascular injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (2016)

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3) develop strokes and progressive kidney disease as a result of naturally occurring genetic variations. We recently identified genetic variants in immune signaling pathways that contribute to end-organ injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a dysregulated immune response promotes stroke susceptibility. We salt-loaded 20 wk old male SHR-A3 rats and treated them with the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 25 mg/kg/day po) (<i>n</i> = 8) or vehicle (saline) (<i>n</i> = 9) for 8 wk. Blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly by telemetry. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, MMF-treated SHR-A3 rats had improved survival and lower neurological deficit scores (1.44 vs. 0.125; <i>P</i> < 0.02). Gross morphology of the brain revealed cerebral edema in 8 of 9, and microbleeds and hemorrhages in 5 of 9 vehicle-treated rats. These lesions were absent in MMF-treated rats. Brain CD68 expression, indicating macrophage/microglial activation, was upregulated in vehicle-treated rats with microbleeds and hemorrhages but was undetectable in the brains of MMF-treated rats. MMF also prevented renal injury in SHR-A3 rats, evidenced by reduced proteinuria (albumin:creatinine) from 7.52 to 1.05 mg/mg (<i>P</i> < 0.03) and lower tubulointerstitial injury scores (2.46 vs. 1.43; <i>P</i> < 0.01). Salt loading resulted in a progressive increase in BP, which was blunted in rats receiving MMF. Our findings provide evidence that abnormal immune activation predisposes to cerebrovascular and renal injury in stroke-prone SHR-A3 rats.
A Method for Genetically Installing Site-Specific Acetylation in Recombinant Histones Defines the Effects of H3 K56 Acetylation (2009)

Lysine acetylation of histones defines the epigenetic status of human embryonic stem cells and orchestrates DNA replication, chromosome condensation, transcription, telomeric silencing, and DNA repair. A detailed mechanistic explanation of these phenomena is impeded by the limited availability of homogeneously acetylated histones. We report a general method for the production of homogeneously and site-specifically acetylated recombinant histones by genetically encoding acetyl-lysine. We reconstitute histone octamers, nucleosomes, and nucleosomal arrays bearing defined acetylated lysine residues. With these designer nucleosomes, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the prevailing dogma, acetylation of H3 K56 does not directly affect the compaction of chromatin and has modest effects on remodeling by SWI/SNF and RSC. Single-molecule FRET experiments reveal that H3 K56 acetylation increases DNA breathing 7-fold. Our results provide a molecular and mechanistic underpinning for cellular phenomena that have been linked with K56 acetylation.
CHORTLES: A Method for Representing Oligomeric and Template-Based Mixtures (1995)

Screening mixtures of synthetic oligomers or fixed templates (e.g., rings) with varying substituents is increasingly the focus of drug discovery programs. CHORTLES is designed and implemented to facilitate representation, storage, and searching of oligomeric and template-based mixtures of any size. Building upon the CHUCKLES method of representing oligomers as both monomer-based sequences and all-atom structures, CHORTLES compactly represents a mixture without explicitly enumerating individual molecules. This method lends itself to a hierarchy relating mixtures to submixtures and individual compounds, as one finds when deconvoluting mixtures in drug lead discovery programs. In addition, we describe two methods of searching mixtures at the monomer level. We also present a simple pictorial representation for describing all components in a mixture, which becomes essential as the list of monomer names is expanded beyond common names (e.g., amino acids).
Which Parameters Control the Leg Movement of A Walking Insect?: I. Velocity Control During the Stance Phase (1985)

ABSTRACT In treadwheel walking, the front and middle legs of the stick insect (Carausius morosus) propel the wheel, while the hind legs exert very little force and can even decelerate the wheel. This result is compared with observations on the function of the legs in different walking situations. Several hypotheses assuming different types of position servo-mechanisms have been proposed in the literature on the control of leg movement during walking in insects. The experimental results support none of these hypotheses. Instead, they indicate that velocity rather than position is the variable controlled during the stance phase.
Positive corona inception voltages and corona currents for air at various pressures and humidities (2010)

The variation of positive dc corona characteristics with air pressure and humidity using a point/plane electrode system was studied in a perspex chamber allowing the pressure and humidity to be varied. A method of calculation was developed to determine the corona current for humid air over a range of pressures and humidities in which the effective ionization coefficient was calculated as a linear interpolation of the effective ionization coefficients for dry air and water vapor. The calculation method involved the solution of partial differential equations using a particle-in-cell algorithm. This also allowed the determination of the corona inception voltages for a range of pressures and humidities as the voltage at which the corona current first appeared. The validity of these calculations was confirmed by a series of experimental determinations of the corona inception voltages and of the variation of the corona current with the applied voltage for the same range of pressures and humidities. It was found that the corona current increased when the air pressure or humidity decreased (at constant applied voltage) mainly because of the rise in the space charge density or the positive ion mobility, respectively. The coefficient C, in the relationship between the corona current, the applied dc voltage and the corona inception voltage, declined with the increase of humidity. The rate of decrease of C with humidity became larger as the pressure was reduced. An approximately inversely proportional relationship was found to exist between C and the relative air density at constant humidity. This variation of C was principally associated with the variation in the positive ion mobility.
Time constant of nystagmus slow-phase velocity to yaw-axis rotation as a function of the severity of unilateral caloric paresis. (1999)

This result supports the hypothesis that bilateral symmetrical peripheral vestibular input is a necessary condition for the mechanisms or processes underlying normal horizontal slow-phase velocity storage.
Silica‐Coating of Hematite Nanoparticles Using Reactive Water‐Soluble Polyalkoxysiloxanes (2013)

In this article, we report on a new one‐step synthetic route to obtain multi‐functional silica‐coated hematite particles using a water‐based surfactant‐free technology. The synthesis and properties of uniform silica‐coated hematite particles with adjustable size, morphology, and silica shell thickness are discussed in detail. The developed method allows simultaneous formation of the silica shell around hematite core and incorporation of reactive groups on the surface of core–shell nanoparticles. Vinyl groups are introduced to the silica surface at once by pre‐functionalization of a water‐soluble hyperbranched polyalkoxysiloxanes with active double bonds. The reactivity of these surface‐immobilized vinyl groups is demonstrated by covalent attachment of rhodamine B using a thiol‐en click reaction.
GnRH-I and GnRH-II have differential modulatory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain mRNA expression in healthy males (2005)

GnRH-I and its receptor (GnRHR-I) have previously been demonstrated and shown to be biologically active in the immune system, notably within peripheral lymphocytes. Recently however, a second form of GnRH (GnRH-II) has been described in the human. The functions of both these neuropeptides in PMBCs have not been understood yet. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of GnRH-I and/or GnRH-II on human PMBC proliferation in males. Secondly, the effects of GnRH-I and GnRH-II on IL-2 dependent lymphocyte proliferation were examined. Finally, we analysed the role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in IL-2R gamma-chain expression. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from six male healthy volunteers (Mean age 27.75 +/- 1.5). Non-radioactive cell proliferation assay was used for proliferation studies and we used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to examine the role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II on IL-2R gamma-chain expression in PMBCs. Treatment of PMBCs with GnRH-I (10(-9) M and 10(-5) M) and with interleukin-2 (IL-2) (50 U/ml) resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation compared with the untreated control. PMBCs cotreated with IL-2 and GnRH-I demonstrated higher proliferative responses than IL-2 treatment alone, the enhancement of GnRH-I on IL-2 response being significant only at GnRH-I concentration of 10(-5) M. Co-incubation of IL-2+ GnRH 10(-5) M with a GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix; 10(-6) M) significantly decreased the proliferation. GnRH-II did not affect the proliferation of PMBCs alone, and did not alter the proliferative response to IL-2. The proliferative responses to GnRH-I (alone and with IL-2) were significantly attenuated by GnRH-II coincubation (each in equal molar concentrations; 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M). It was found that GnRH-I increased the expression of IL-2Rgamma mRNA in a dose dependent manner, with a significant increase of percentage 162.3 +/- 14 of control at 10(-5) M. In contrast, IL-2Rgamma expression was significantly decreased in all concentrations of GnRH-II (10(-9) M to10(-5) M), and the maximum decrease was detected at 10(-5) M, with percentage 37.7 +/- 6.6 of control. All these findings strongly suggest that regulation of IL-2R expression may therefore be an important target for GnRH-I and GnRH-II in PMBCs in males. In summary, present study clearly demonstrates the differential effects of GnRH-I and GnRH-II on PMBC proliferation, IL-2 proliferative response, and IL-2Rgamma expression in PMBCs in males. To our knowledge, our observations provide the first evidence for the interactions of these local neuropeptides at lymphocyte level. Further experimental data in human are warranted to explore the clinical implications of these data.
Stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography : mass spectrometry for the analysis of biological matrices (2007)

A comprehensive approach of capillary GC/MS data handling and mapping of specific target analytes is presented and illustrated with the detection of drugs of abuse in biological fluids. The word “comprehensive” is used here in sensu stricto i.e. that includes everything one wants to detect. Enrichment of the target solutes is performed by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-CGC/MS) analysis. The high sensitivity that can be reached with the SBSE-TD-CGC/MS technique allows the use of the MS in the scan mode. The GC/MS data are plotted in a contour plot with locked retention times in the x-axis and the ion traces in the y-axis. Target solutes are detected as a spot at specific positions in the plot and the color of the spots is related to the peak abundances. Semiquantitative information can readily be obtained from the contour plots while precise quantitation needs the conventional calibration procedures. The graphical representation of CGC/MS data provides an easy way to elucidate samples positive on drugs of abuse by non-skilled personnel in forensic and medical laboratories.
Physics-Driven Interface Modeling for Drainage and Imbibition in Fractures (2007)

Abstract The geometric distribution of immiscible fluid phases in fractures is not readily accessible experimentally, so aperture-scale simulations of drainage and imbibition in realistic fractures can provide valuable insight. We implement a level set method for computing the location within a fracture of the interface between two fluids controlled by capillary forces. The movement of the interface in response to changes in capillary pressure is approximated as quasi-static displacement. Fluid interfaces are thus constant mean curvature surfaces, satisfying the Young Laplace equation. We apply a progressive-quasistatic (PQS) algorithm to determine when spontaneous pore-level events occur during fluid displacement. The algorithm captures reversible and irreversible behavior. We illustrate the approach in two types of rough-walled fractures. One type is a 3D crack between irregular, impermeable surfaces; the other type is a gap between irregular 2D and 3D grain packs. We focus on the disconnected (defending) fluid volumes and (advancing) fluid main pathway as the geometric properties of the fracture are varied, notably aperture and the number of contact points between the upper and lower fracture surfaces. The curvature of the fluid-fluid interface in the plane of the fracture is often ignored by invasion percolation simulation techniques, yet it is known to influence strongly the fluid cluster properties. Our simulations establish the exact position and shape of the interface in realistic fracture geometries, from which fluid volumes, contact areas and interface curvatures can be obtained. This establishes a new, mechanistic basis for predicting relative permeabilities in fractures and for evaluating transfer functions in dual-porosity flow models.
Solar: building a context fusion network for pervasive computing (2005)

The complexity of developing context-aware pervasive-computing applications calls for distributed software infrastructures that assist applications to collect, aggregate, and disseminate contextual data. In this dissertation, we present a Context Fusion Network (CFN), called Solar, which is built with a scalable and self-organized service overlay. Solar is flexible and allows applications to select distributed data sources and compose them with customized data-fusion operators into a directed acyclic information flow graph. Such a graph represents how an application computes high-level understandings of its execution context from low-level sensory data. To manage application-specified operators on a set of overlay nodes called Planets, Solar provides several unique services such as application-level multicast with policy-driven data reduction to handle buffer overflow, context-sensitive resource discovery to handle environment dynamics, and proactive monitoring and recovery to handle common failures. Experimental results show that these services perform well on a typical DHT-based peer-to-peer routing substrate. In this dissertation, we also discuss experience, insights, and lessons learned from our quantitative analysis of the input sensors, a detailed case study of a Solar application, and development of other applications in different domains.
Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposited thin films for microelectronic applications (1986)

This paper reviews some aspects of and recent advances in plasma assisted deposition of thin films for microelectronic applications. The plasma deposition process and some properties of deposited films relative to integrated circuit fabrication will be briefly discussed. Possible trends in future research and development of plasma deposition for microelectronic applications will also be presented.
Physical optics inverse diffraction (1969)

A general method for solving the inverse diffraction problem is presented. It is based on an identity of Bojarski which states that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\gamma(x)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Gamma(p)</tex> are a Fourier transform pair. Here <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\gamma(x)</tex> is the characteristic function of the target ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\gamma=1</tex> inside the target, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\gamma = 0</tex> outside), <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p = (2\omega/c)J,\omega</tex> is the frequency, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</tex> is a unit vector specifying the aspect, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Gamma(P)</tex> can be obtained by measurement of the backscattered electromagnetic far field at frequency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\omega = (c/2)|P|</tex> and aspect <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J=|p|^{-1}p</tex> . If data is obtained in any subset <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> space, the method yields partial or complete information about the target geometry. It is used to rederive earlier results very simply and to obtain a significant new solution, in which the target geometry is completely determined using frequencies only in a practical frequency band and aspects in a narrow cone.
Author’s Native Language Identification from Web-Based Texts (2012)

With the rapid growth of Internet technologies and applications, Text is still the most common Internet medium. Examples of this include social networking applications and web applications are also mostly text based. We developed a framework to determine an anonymous author's native language for short length, multi-genre such as the ones found in many Internet applications. In this framework, four types of feature sets (lexical, syntactic, structural, and content-specific features) are extracted and three machine learning algorithms (C4.5 decision tree, support vector machine and Nave Bayes) are designed for author's native language identification based on the proposed features. To experiment this framework, we used English, Persian, Turkish and German online news texts. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach was able to identify author's native language in web-based texts with satisfactory accuracy of 70% to 80%. And Support vector machines outperformed the other two classification techniques in our experiments.
CT Image Contrast of High-<i>Z</i>Elements: Phantom Imaging Studies and Clinical Implications (2015)

The consistently high image contrast produced with 100-140 kVp by tantalum compared with bismuth and iodine at equal mass concentration suggests that tantalum could potentially be favorable for use as a clinical CT contrast agent.
Therapeutic effects of Caspase-1 inhibitors on acute lung injury in experimental severe acute pancreatitis (2007)

Caspase-1 activation, and overproduction of IL-1beta and IL-18 play an important role in the course of ALI, and Caspase-1 inhibition is effective for the treatment of ALI in experimental SAP.
A Phase II Trial of 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Interferon Alpha 2A (IFN-α 2a) in Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma (2000)

A phase II study was performed to evaluate the activity and toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, and inteferon alpha-2a in metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. Twenty-three patients were entered in this study. Four patients withdrew before receiving treatment and one patient was nonevaluable for response because of treatment-related toxicity. The most common significant toxicity was nausea and vomiting. Treatment-related hospitalization was significant. Of 18 evaluable patients, 4 maintained stable disease and 14 had disease progression. None had an objective clinical response. We conclude that this biochemically modulated 5-FU regimen is ineffective treatment for advanced pancreatic carcinoma, with significant toxicity even in highly selected patients with an ambulatory performance status.
INTERACTION OF INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE ON CLAYS: ADSORPTION AND CHARGING PHENOMENA (1999)

The interaction of myoinositol hexaphosphate (IHP) with goethite, and with phyllosilicates such as illite and kaolinite, was studied by assessing the adsorption mechanisms and the electrochemical modifications induced by adsorption of a molecule at such a high-charge density. In addition to quantitative studies, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to establish the mechanisms of interaction. Laser Doppler Velocimetry-Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (LDV-PCS) was employed to determine the electrophoretic mobility and the size of the particles. The experiments were also run with orthophosphate (Pi) for comparison. The quantity of adsorbed IHP reached 0.64 μmol m−2 on goethite, 0.38 μmol m−2 on illite, and 0.27 μmol m−2 on kaolinite. The mechanism of adsorption of IHP involved the phosphate groups, whereas the organic moiety affected the process only in terms of conformational hindrance. Thus, on goethite surfaces, because IHP occupied an area equivalent to four sites for Pi, it was supposed to be bound to the oxide by four of its six phosphate groups, whereas the other two were free. On the illite and kaolinite surfaces, the area occupied by IHP was equivalent to about two sites for Pi, suggesting that a lower number of phosphate groups are bound to phyllosilicates. The phosphate groups that did not react with the minerals caused a modification of the electrochemical properties. In particular, IHP adsorption caused dispersion of the particles and a net increase of the negative charge of the surface.
Low-power embedded ReRAM technology for IoT applications (2015)

A low-power 2Mb ReRAM macro was developed in 90 nm CMOS platform, demonstrating lower power data-writing (x1/7) and faster data-reading (x2~3) as compared to a conventional flash. The memory window at -6σ for 10 years was confirmed with a high-speed 1-bit ECC considering operating temperature ranging from -40 to 85 °C, where the worst conditions are high-temperature (85°C) “Off” writing and low-temperature (-40°C) “On” writing followed by high-temperature (85°C) retention. A pulse-modulated Off-state verify and an interface-control of Ru electrode are effective for suppressing random fluctuation of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> readout and for sustaining the On-state retention, respectively.