gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution Transformer and Secondary Conductor Economics (1949)

The possibilities are investigated of lowering the cost of electric distribution in residential areas by using distribution transformers larger than required for thermal reasons to control voltage flicker; banking secondary mains to control voltage flicker; and using aluminum conductors instead of copper. The conclusion is reached that all three of These have a place in designing today's electric distribution systems.
Melatonin Potentiates the Neuroprotective Properties of Resveratrol Against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurodegeneration by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways (2010)

Together, our results suggest that co-administration of MEL and RSV acts as an effective treatment for AD by attenuating Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and the AMPK-dependent pathway.
<title>Quality assessment of engineering surfaces by infrared scattering</title> (1995)

The prevailing technique for assessing surface roughness and related parameters from engineering surfaces in industry is mechanical stylus profilometry. Though it is a conceptually direct method it suffers from several drawbacks; the measurement is not area-covering while many important features of engineering surfaces are related to 3D topography; the technique is slow; and, the technique involves contact with the surface, potentially damaging it. For surfaces of optical quality, elastic light scattering provides an efficient way of characterizing surfaces, and two ASTM standards exist pertaining to such measurements. However, the theoretical models based on first order perturbation theory break down when the rms roughness approaches one tenth of the incident wavelength. We have used infrared scattering at 10.6 micrometers wavelength to provide area-covering, non-contact surface characterization of engineering surfaces. The surface power spectral density is calculated from the scattering distribution by Rayleigh-Rice vector perturbation theory. Measurement of bandwidth limited surface roughness is demonstrated for ground and polished surfaces in the root mean square roughness range of 0.03 micrometers to 1.7 micrometers . Good correlation with contact stylus measurements is achieved for nearly 1D surfaces, anisotropic surfaces, and isotropic surfaces. Measurement of scratch and lay characteristics are also demonstrated.
Managing evolving workflow specifications (1998)

Dynamic evolution of workflow models due to process (re)engineering activities and dynamic changing situations of the real process is one of the most important challenges in workflow management. The authors present an approach for the management of evolving workflow specifications which copes with the evolution of a workflow schema and the dynamic modification of workflow instances. The approach is based on the integrated modeling of workflow schema and instance elements, the separated definition of 'what to do' and 'how to do' in the workflow schema, late binding of workflows at run-time, and the versioning of the workflow schema. On this basis, they support lazy, eager, and selective propagation as well as local customization of instances and their upward propagation. Furthermore, they address the problem of managing consistent configurations of the versioned entities of a workflow schema. In their workflow-specific versioning approach, the consistency of the workflow configuration is guaranteed and hence the version mechanism is transparent to the user.
Three-port interferometer in silicon-on-insulator for wavelength monitoring and displacement measurement (2011)

The wavelength of a narrow-band optical signal can be accurately tracked by means of an interferometer having a fixed path length difference. For example, a low-cost Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) interrogation system which tracks the FBG reflection wavelength over time can be based on such an interferometer. Alternatively, an interferometer is operated at fixed wavelength to monitor displacement, as applied in metrology.
Detection of Activation of the Contact System of Coagulation In Vitro and In Vivo: Quantitation of Activated Hageman Factor-C1-Inhibitor and Kallikrein-C1-Inhibitor Complexes by Specific Radioimmunoassays (1987)

Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for the detection of C-1-inhibitor (C-1-Inh) complexed to either kallikrein or activated Hageman factor (factor XIIa) are described. Kallikrein-C-1-Inh or factor XIIa-C-1-Inh complexes were bound to Sepharose to which monospecific antibodies against (pre)kallikrein or factor XII, respectively, were coupled. Bound complexes were subsequently detected by an incubation with affinity purified 125I-labeled antibodies against C-1-Inh. These RIAs were used to detect activation of the contact system of coagulation in vitro and in vivo. Addition of dextran sulfate (DXS) (20 micrograms/ml) to fresh plasma resulted at 37 degrees C in the rapid generation of amidolytic kallikrein activity, which was maximal after 1 to 2 min of incubation and subsequently decreased within a few minutes. The generation of kallikrein activity coincided with the appearance of both kallikrein-C-1-Inh and factor XIIa-C-1-Inh complexes. However, in contrast to kallikrein activity, both types of complexes remained detectable in the incubation mixtures during the incubation period. Experiments with purified kallikrein. C-1-Inh and partly purified beta-factor XIIa, and activation experiments in plasmas deficient in either factor XII or prekallikrein, demonstrated the specificity of both RIAs. The minimal amount of DXS that resulted in the generation of measurable amounts of both types of complexes in plasma was 2-3 micrograms per ml. Similar experiments with kaolin showed that with limiting amounts of activator (1-2 mg/ml), only kallikrein-C-1-Inh complexes were detected in plasma. When larger amounts of kaolin were added to plasma, factor XIIa-C-1-Inh complexes were additionally detected in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
50-MHz phase locked loop with adaptive bandwidth for jitter reduction (2007)

This paper presents an analog phase-locked loop (PLL) that adaptively controls the loop bandwidth according to the locking status. When the phase error is large, such as in the locking mode, the PLL increases the loop bandwidth and achieves fast locking. On the other hand, when the phase error is small, this PLL decreases the loop bandwidth and minimizes output jitters. The relationships of performance aspects (settling time, phase noise, and spurious signals) to design variables (loop bandwidth, phase margin, and loop filter attenuation at the reference frequency) are presented and the basic tradeoffs of the new concept are discussed. A circuit implementation of the adaptive PLL is described in detail and a prototype 50 MHz PLL in a 0.18 - μm CMOS technology is tested.
Ultrasonic Bonding of Anisotropic Conductive Films Containing Ultrafine Solder Balls for High-Power and High-Reliability Flex-On-Board Assembly (2012)

New solder anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) consist of a thermosetting polymer resin and fine solder balls instead of the conventional metal particles or metal-coated polymer particles. These solder balls have lower melting temperature than conventional metal conductive particles, which enable them to be melted during ultrasonic (US) bonding, and form intermetallic alloy joints with metal pads of flex on board. In this paper, excellent solder ACF joints are demonstrated using a US-bonding method for high-power and high-reliability flex-on-board (FOB) assemblies. Ultrasonically bonded solder ACF joints were characterized in terms of their electrical properties and reliability. Solder alloy bonding was achieved using two kinds of solder balls, i.e., Sn-58Bi and SAC305 (96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu). At the same time, the acrylic ACF resin was completely cured after 5 s of US bonding. Solder alloy ACF joints show about 20% decrease in daisy-chain electrical resistance and 100% increase in the current-carrying capability compared with conventional physical-contact-based Ni ACF joints. Solder alloy ACF joints also show significantly improved reliability with stable electrical resistances up to 24 h in an unbiased autoclave test, whereas conventional Ni ACF joints show severe electrical open failures within 4 h.
ord1, an oxidoreductase gene responsible for conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus (1997)

Among the enzymatic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxin has been proposed to be catalyzed by an oxidoreductase. Transformants of Aspergillus flavus 649WAF2 containing a 3.3-kb genomic DNA fragment and the aflatoxin biosynthesis regulatory gene aflR converted exogenously supplied O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B1. A gene, ord1, corresponding to a transcript of about 2 kb was identified within the 3.3-kb DNA fragment. The promoter region presented a putative AFLR binding site and a TATA sequence. The nucleotide sequence of the gene revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 528 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 60.2 kDa. The gene contained six introns and seven exons. Heterologous expression of the ord1 open reading frame under the transcriptional control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose-inducible gal1 promoter results in the ability to convert O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B1. The data indicate that ord1 is sufficient to accomplish the last step of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. A search of various databases for similarity indicated that ord1 encodes a cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase, and the gene has been assigned to a new P-450 gene family named CYP64.
Sensitivity Analysis and Energy Harvesting for a Self-Powered Piezoelectric Sensor (2005)

Sensors play a crucial role in structural systems with concern over reliability/ failure issues. The development of wireless monitoring systems has been of great interest because wireless transmission has been proven as a convenient means to transmit signals while minimizing the use of many long wires. However, the wireless transmission systems need sufficient power to function properly. Conventionally, batteries are used as the power sources for the remote sensing systems. However, due to their limited lifetime, replacement of batteries has to be carried out periodically, which is inconvenient. In recent years, piezoelectric materials have been developed as sensing and actuating devices mostly, and power generators in some cases. In this article, a self-powered piezoelectric sensor is studied, in which one piece of piezoelectric element is simultaneously used as a sensor and a power generator under vibration environment. Concurrent design with piezoelectric materials in sensor and power generator is integrated with energy storage device. We evaluate sensing and power generating abilities individually and then energy harvesting performances. The potential of the piezoelectric sensor to power wireless transmission systems is discussed. Experimental efforts are carried out to study the feasibility of the self-powered piezoelectric sensor system.
Calcium Influx is a Determining Factor of Calpain Activation and Microparticle Formation in Platelets (1996)

We have related the release of procoagulant microparticles from platelets to calcium movement and the activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain. The effects of the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitors thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid and 2.5-di-(t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone were compared with those of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Whereas all three Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitors induced aminophospholipid exposure on platelets, only thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid promoted microparticle formation and only when strong Ca2+ influx, calpain activation and proteolysis of cytoskeletal proteins occurred concomitantly. Preincubation with dibutylbenzohydroquinone inhibited the responses to thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid but not to A23187. When platelets were suspended in a Ca(2+)-free medium, calpain activation and microparticle formation were not observed, even with maximum mobilisation of internal Ca2+ stores by A23187. Incubation of fluo-3-loaded plateters with A23187 in 0.1 mM EGTA followed by the sequential addition of 25 microM Ca2+ increments to the medium showed that calpain activation occurred when the intraplatelet [Ca2+] reached 3-8 microM. To assess the physiologic significance of these results, the subpopulation of platelets that expressed procoagulant activity after stimulation by a thrombin/collagen mixture was isolated by means of annexin-V-coupled magnetic beads. Subsequent western blotting experiments confirmed that this subpopulation contained activated calpain. Overall, our results provide evidence that microparticle formation and calpain activation require an elevated intraplatelet [Ca2+] that is brought about by influx across the plasma membrane.
Using red-black interval trees in device-level analog placement with symmetry constraints (2003)

The traditional way of approaching device-level placement problems for analog layout is to explore a huge search space of absolute placement representations, where cells are allowed to illegally overlap during their moves [3, 10]. This paper presents a novel exploration technique for analog placement, operating on the set of tree representations of the layout [6, 2], where the typical presence of an arbitrary number of symmetry groups of devices is directly taken into account during the search of the solution space. The efficiency of the novel approach is due to the use of red-black interval trees [4], data structures employed to support operations on dynamic sets of intervals.
Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella enterica (2003)

Resistance is increasing to several critical antimicrobials used to treat invasive salmonellosis including extended spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones. In resource poor countries, such drug resistant Salmonella infections may become effectively untreatable.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Essential Data (1996)

Gel Electrophoresis Blotting Colony Screening and Plaque Hybridization Probe Preparation Hybridization Conditions Detection Systems: Safety Precautions.
Prevalence and factors associated with false positive suspicion of acute aortic syndrome: experience in a patient population transferred to a specialized aortic treatment center. (2013)

The diagnosis of AAS is confirmed in most patients emergently transferred for suspected AAS. False positive activation in this setting is driven primarily by uncertainty secondary to motion-artifact of the ascending aorta and the presence of complex anatomy following prior aortic intervention. Network-wide standardization of imaging strategies, and improved sharing of imaging may further improve triage of this complex patient population.
Indoor Tracking Using Undirected Graphical Models (2015)

Indoor tracking and navigation is a fundamental need for pervasive and context-aware smartphone applications. Although indoor maps are becoming increasingly available, there is no practical and reliable indoor map matching solution available at present. We present MapCraft, a novel, robust and responsive technique that is extremely computationally efficient (running in under 10 ms on an Android smartphone), does not require training in different sites, and tracks well even when presented with very noisy sensor data. Key to our approach is expressing the tracking problem as a conditional random field (CRF), a technique which has had great success in areas such as natural language processing. Unlike directed graphical models like Hidden Markov Models, CRFs capture arbitrary constraints that express how well observations support state transitions, given map constraints. In addition, we show how to further improve tracking accuracy, by tuning the parameters of the motion sensing model using an unsupervised EM-style optimization scheme. Extensive experiments in multiple sites show how MapCraft outperforms state-of-the art approaches, demonstrating excellent tracking error and accurate reconstruction of tortuous trajectories with zero training effort. As proof of its robustness, we also demonstrate how it is able to accurately track the position of a user from accelerometer and magnetometer measurements only (i.e., gyroand Wi-Fi-free). We believe that such an energy-efficient approach will enable always-on background localisation, enabling a new era of location-aware applications to be developed.
Proposal of New Terminology for the Morphology of Nauplius Y (Crustacea: Maxillopoda: Facetotecta), with Provisional Designation of Four Naupliar Types from Japan (1987)

New terminology for the morphology of first stage nauplius y larvae, mainly for the plates on their cephalic shield, is proposed. The proposed terminology aids in the identification of plates which vary in place and/or shape among naupliar types, and simplifies the description of nauplius y larvae. Four nauplius y larvae from Japan which are cited to explain the terminology are provisionally designated as separate types, symbolized as VIII-a, IX, X, and XI, the last being for the nauplius which was formerly described as a larva of Hansenocaris pacifica Ito.
Analysis of nonsolvent–solvent–polymer phase diagrams and their relevance to membrane formation modeling (1986)

Abstract Calculations have been carried out, based on Flory–Huggins solution theory, to analyze the behavior of the ternary nonsolvent–solvent–polymer phase diagram for typical membrane‐forming systems. Consideration is given to the behavior of the spinodal as well as binodal curves, tie‐line slopes, and critical points as a function of various parameters, most especially those related to the concentration dependency of the interaction parameters. Implications regarding membrane structure formation are discussed, and the suitability of different functional forms for the interaction parameter concentration dependence is also analyzed. The net result of these calculations is to demonstrate the importance of the various parameters in controlling the phase‐diagram behavior and particularly to show the critical role of the concentration dependence of the solvent–polymer interaction parameter in affecting the nature of the miscibility gap.
Vehicle Detection Techniques for Collision Avoidance Systems: A Review (2015)

Over the past decade, vision-based vehicle detection techniques for road safety improvement have gained an increasing amount of attention. Unfortunately, the techniques suffer from robustness due to huge variability in vehicle shape (particularly for motorcycles), cluttered environment, various illumination conditions, and driving behavior. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey in a systematic approach about the state-of-the-art on-road vision-based vehicle detection and tracking systems for collision avoidance systems (CASs). This paper is structured based on a vehicle detection processes starting from sensor selection to vehicle detection and tracking. Techniques in each process/step are reviewed and analyzed individually. Two main contributions in this paper are the following: survey on motorcycle detection techniques and the sensor comparison in terms of cost and range parameters. Finally, the survey provides an optimal choice with a low cost and reliable CAS design in vehicle industries.
Low-Toxicity Aliphatic Amines as Cross-Linking Agents for Polyepoxy Resins (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-Toxicity Aliphatic Amines as Cross-Linking Agents for Polyepoxy ResinsA. K. Ingberman, R. K. Walton, C. F. Pitt, and M. N. PaulCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 7, 1105Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50571a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50571a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Excimer laser annealing of ZnO nanoparticles for thin film transistor fabrication (2008)

Nanoparticle solutions are considered promising for realizing low cost printable high performance flexible electronics. In this paper, excimer laser annealing (ELA) was employed to induce melting of solution-deposited ZnO nanoparticles and form electrical conductive porous films. The properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, Hall-effect, and photoluminescence measurements. Thin film field effect transistors have been fabricated by ELA without the use of conventional vacuum or any high temperature thermal annealing processes. The transistors show n-type accumulation mode behavior with mobility greater than 0.1 cm2/V-s and current on/off ratios of more than 104. Optimization and control of the laser processing parameters minimized thermal impact on the substrate. This technique can be beneficial in the fabrication of metal oxide based electronics on heat sensitive flexible plastic substrates using low-cost, large-area solution processing combined with direct printing techniques.