gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on domain-specific search engine and its automated generation (2008)

As web information expands, vertical search engine plays a more and more important role in search industry. With ldquobeing the best in specialized utilization fieldrdquo in mind, we develop domain-specific 114 search engine based on domain characteristics. Four advantages have been embodied in 114 search engine: quick response, high accuracy in domain, a significant enhancement of correlations between requirements and Info responses and automatically cross-domain engine building. Except short time-consuming and field generation automation, the reported experiments indicate that result pages of domain-specific 114 search engine have higher matching degrees towards user demands than the ones of Google in domain utilization.
Experimental and computational investigation of the roll forming process (2009)

One of the first questions to consider when designing a new roll forming line is the number of forming steps required to produce a profile. The number depends on material properties, the cross-section geometry and tolerance requirements, but the tool designer also wants to minimize the number of forming steps in order to reduce the investment costs for the customer. There are several computer aided engineering systems on the market that can assist the tool designing process. These include more or less simple formulas to predict deformation during forming as well as the number of forming steps. In recent years it has also become possible to use finite element analysis for the design of roll forming processes. The objective of the work presented in this thesis was to answer the following question: How should the roll forming process be designed for complex geometries and/or high strength steels?The work approach included both literature studies as well as experimental and modelling work. The experimental part gave direct insight into the process and was also used to develop and validate models of the process. Starting with simple geometries and standard steels the work progressed to more complex profiles of variable depth and width, made of high strength steels. The results obtained are published in seven papers appended to this thesis. In the first study (see paper 1) a finite element model for investigating the roll forming of a U-channel was built. It was used to investigate the effect on longitudinal peak membrane strain and deformation length when yield strength increases, see paper 2 and 3. The simulations showed that the peak strain decreases whereas the deformation length increases when the yield strength increases. The studies described in paper 4 and 5 measured roll load, roll torque, springback and strain history during the U-profile forming process. The measurement results were used to validate the finite element model in paper 1. The results presented in paper 6 shows that the formability of stainless steel (e.g. AISI 301), that in the cold rolled condition has a large martensite fraction, can be substantially increased by heating the bending zone. The heated area will then become austenitic and ductile before the roll forming. Thanks to the phenomenon of strain induced martensite formation, the steel will regain the martensite content and its strength during the subsequent plastic straining. Finally, a new tooling concept for profiles with variable cross-sections is presented in paper 7. The overall conclusions of the present work are that today, it is possible to successfully develop profiles of complex geometries (3D roll forming) in high strength steels and that finite element simulation can be a useful tool in the design of the roll forming process.
Lightweight Composites Based on Rapidly Renewable Natural Resource (2013)

Over the last few years, a number of researchers have been involved in investigating the exploitation of natural fibres as load bearing constituents in composite materials. The use of such materials in composites has increased due to their relative cheapness, their ability to recycle and their mechanical and physical properties. Composites based on natural fibbers have many advantages over their synthetic counterparts owing to their low cost, low density, high specific strength and stiffness, excellent sound- absorbing and high impact energy absorption. The technical hemp as fast-growing plant has prospect in the construction field in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. A special attention is paid to the use of fibrous hemp as well as hemp hurds (nonfibrous fraction hemp stalk) in the building materials preparing in various forms, such as insulation boards, mass-spraying hempcrete for the production of lightweight composites, where it is in the role of filler. The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibbers less attractive for reinforcement of composites. Incompability of interface between fibres and matrix, the tendency to form aggregates during processing and poor resistance to moisture can be eliminated by physical/chemical treatments of fibbers and/or matrix or the use of coupling agents. In this paper, some aspects of durability of hardened composites based on chemically modified of hemp hurds slices and MgO-cement as binding agents after long termed storage in deionised water by testing on some important material properties as water absorbability, thermal conductivity coefficient, apparent density and compressive strength was studied.
Car Body Paint Defect Inspection Using Rotation Invariant Measure of the Local Variance and One-Against-All Support Vector Machine (2011)

This paper presents a novel computer vision method for automatic detection and classification of car body paint defects. This new system analyzes the images sequentially acquired from car body to detect and classify different kinds of defects. First, the defect region is located by using rotation invariant measure of the local variance (VAR) operator. Next, detected defects are classified into different defect types by using One-Against-All Support Vector Machine (OAA-SVM) classifier. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Adaptive Kalman filter for MEMS-IMU based attitude estimation under external acceleration and parsimonious use of gyroscopes (2014)

This paper considers rigid body attitude estimation from a small inertial/magnetic sensor module containing triaxial gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Precisely, two challenges are addressed. The first one concerns attitude estimation during various dynamic conditions, in which external acceleration occurs. Although external acceleration is one of the main source of loss of performance in attitude estimation methods, this problem has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. An adaptive algorithm compensating external acceleration from the residual in the accelerometer is proposed. At each step, the covariance matrix associated with the external acceleration is estimated to adaptively tune the filter gain. The second challenge is focused on the energy consumption issue of gyroscopes for long-term battery life of Inertial Measurement Units. We study the way to reduce the gyro measurement acquisition while maintaining acceptable attitude estimation. Through numerical simulations, under external acceleration and parsimonious gyroscope's use, the efficiency of the proposed q-AKF is illustrated.
C5a Receptor Signaling Prevents Folate Deficiency–Induced Neural Tube Defects in Mice (2013)

The complement system is involved in a range of diverse developmental processes, including cell survival, growth, differentiation, and regeneration. However, little is known about the role of complement in embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for the canonical complement 5a receptor (C5aR) in the development of the mammalian neural tube under conditions of maternal dietary folic acid deficiency. Specifically, we found C5aR and C5 to be expressed throughout the period of neurulation in wild-type mice and localized the expression to the cephalic regions of the developing neural tube. C5aR was also found to be expressed in the neuroepithelium of early human embryos. Ablation of the C5ar1 gene or the administration of a specific C5aR peptide antagonist to folic acid-deficient pregnant mice resulted in a high prevalence of severe anterior neural tube defect-associated congenital malformations. These findings provide a new and compelling insight into the role of the complement system during mammalian embryonic development.
Demographic and fertility characteristics of 4 squatter settlements. (1985)

The demographic and fertility profiles of 4 squatter areas, 2 with Sang Kancil, a community development project designed specifically for squatter settlements in Kuala Lumpur, are described. Data were taken from a census conducted in 1982. Figure 1 maps out the location of the study areas in the Federal Territory. The squatter household (5.4 members) varied little from the average Malaysian household. The average age of the male head of household was 40 years, i.e., not within the high fertility group; the mean duration of stay was 10 years. Household income/month averaged M$760, falling between estimates for urban and rural mean. Comparing the data on the 2 squatter areas, the non-Sang Kancil head of household was, on average, slightly older and had stayed about 2 years longer than his Sang Kancil counterpart. These differences were statistically significant. Both areas were comparable with regard to household income and size. Ethnically, the Sang Kancil areas were predominantly Malay, comprising 86% of total households. The control areas had a more mixed ethnic structure. From 1978-81, annual increases in total population had been fairly uniform, at around 2%, in non-Sang Kancil Areas. Yet, the Sang Kancil population experienced a growth spurt in 1980, which subsequently declined and appeared to level off. 1982 figures were disregarded in this analysis as they were based on a 1/2 year enumeration only. The age distribution pattern of all squatter areas combined was fairly similar to the national distribution pyramid but for a higher proportion of people in the 15-44 age group than national figures. The proportion of dependents, 0-14 years, was comparable despite having more people in this fertile age group. The proportion of infants (0-11 months) in the control population was constant, but there was a decline down to control values by the end of the surveyed period in the Sang Kancil group. In the toddler group, decreases were evident for both populations. Additionally, the proportion of the population in the 20-39 age group, considered the most fertile, was consistently higher in the Sang Kancil areas throughout the 4.5 years. Thus, for Sang Kancil areas, fertility appeared to have dropped; it has remained fairly steady in non-Sang Kancil controls. In addition to contraceptive practice, 2 others factors most likely have contributed to fertility declines: a progressive decline in those who were married, which is likely to have had a negative effect on fertility rates; and evidence of induced abortion.
THE CHRONOBIOLOGICAL MANIPULATION OF TIME OF CALVING AND BEHAVIOR OF DAIRY CATTLE (1989)

Thirty-two cows in their 8th month of gestation were exposed daily to either 12–13 h of continuous light or to various skeletal photoperiods consisting of a total of 8 h of light. Cows in the skeletal photoperiod light regimens received 6 h of light from 05:00 to 11:00 h and a 2-h light pulse between 15:00 and 17:00 h, 18:00 and 20:00 h or 21:00 and 23:00 h (pulse 15:00–17:00 h, pulse 18:00–20:00 h or pulse 21:00–23:00 h, respectively). Time of calving was recorded for all cows. Behavior of cows in the respective treatments was monitored and time spent eating, standing or lying down and frequency of urination and defecation recorded. The light regimen of pulse 18:00–20:00 h was influential in restricting (P < 0.004) the randomness of time of calving. All cows in the pulse 18:00–20:00 h light regimen calved within the normal working hours of the barn (mean time of calving 1315 h ± 1.5 h). The mean time of calving for the control, pulse 15:00–17:00 h and pulse 21:00–23:00 h were 14:23 h, 12:56 h and 11:30 h, respectively (± 8.6, ± 6.36 and ± 9.53, respectively). The eating profile of the cows in the pulse 18:00–20:00 h group showed an additional peak of eating associated with the skeletal photoperiod. It is concluded that a circadian rhythm of parturition having a photosensitive phase is present in the dairy cow. This photosensitive phase occurs between 13 and 15 h after subjective dawn. Key words: Chronobiology, skeletal photoperiod, calving, behavior, circadian rhythm, dairy cattle
Syndrome-based Viterbi decoder node synchronization and out-of-lock detection (2002)

A method for joint Viterbi decoder node synchronization and out-of-lock detection which applies to trellis codes with a linear encoding rule (such as convolutional codes, Ungerboeck codes, etc.) is presented. Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) transmission combined with a transparent rate 1/2 convolutional code is studied; in this case node synchronization corresponds to 90 carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Usually, node synchronization is derived from the metric growth of the most likely path at the Viterbi decoder. These conventional methods are not optimal and become unreliable at low E/sub b//N/sub o/. Moreover, they are not well suited for out-of-lock detection. The proposed method provides both node synchronization and out-of-lock detection by processing, in an optimum way, the receiver's hard decisions: this involves syndrome (parity check) sequence computations. Computer simulations show good performance, even at low E/sub b//N/sub o/ values (0 dB -2.3 dB). This has also been verified experimentally by measurements on a 300 Mb/s QPSK modem for satellite communication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tape Transfer Atomization Patterning of Liquid Alloys for Microfluidic Stretchable Wireless Power Transfer (2015)

Stretchable electronics offers unsurpassed mechanical compliance on complex or soft surfaces like the human skin and organs. To fully exploit this great advantage, an autonomous system with a self-powered energy source has been sought for. Here, we present a new technology to pattern liquid alloys on soft substrates, targeting at fabrication of a hybrid-integrated power source in microfluidic stretchable electronics. By atomized spraying of a liquid alloy onto a soft surface with a tape transferred adhesive mask, a universal fabrication process is provided for high quality patterns of liquid conductors in a meter scale. With the developed multilayer fabrication technique, a microfluidic stretchable wireless power transfer device with an integrated LED was demonstrated, which could survive cycling between 0% and 25% strain over 1,000 times.
Analgesic efficacy and potency of two oral controlled-release morphine preparations (1993)

MS Contin tablets and Oramorph SR tablets are two forms of oral controlled-release morphine sulfate available for the alleviation of pain. Our objective was to compare their analgesic effects in a relative potency assay. In this study, 151 patients undergoing caesarean section or abdominal hysterectomy and reporting moderate or severe postoperative pain received a 30 or 90 mg dose of either drug in a balanced, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-dose experimental design. Patients provided self-ratings of analgesia. Relative potency for pain relief were calculated from log dose-effect curves. For total pain relief (rated by visual analog scales) over 12 hours, the log dose relative potency estimate for MS Contin tablets/Oramorph SR tablets was 1.9 (95% confidence limits, 0.89 to 11.1); for peak pain relief (visual analog scales) the relative potency estimate was 1.7 (95% confidence limits, 0.65 to 48.3). Overall, the 90 mg dose of MS Contin was more effective than 30 or 90 mg doses of Oramorph SR and the 30 mg dose of MS Contin at hours 6 to 12. Adverse experiences (mainly drowsiness) were mostly mild to moderate, with no significant differences in their overall incidence or severity between equivalent doses. MS Contin tablets provided greater peak, total, and duration of analgesia, without higher incidence of adverse experiences.
Aldosterone Stimulation of Riboflavin Incorporation into Rat Renal Flavin Coenzymes and the Effect of Inhibition by Riboflavin Analogues on Sodium Reabsorption (1978)

This study was designed to investigate a possible relationship between the effect of aldosterone upon urinary electrolytes and the incorporation of [(14)C]riboflavin into renal [(14)C]flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and [(14)C]flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats that weighed between 185 and 210 g were pretreated with 15 mug/100 g body wt dexamethasone intraperitoneally. 16 h later they were administered aldosterone (1.5 mug/100 g body wt) and [(14)C]riboflavin (5.0 muCi/200 g body wt). The urethra of each rat was ligated, and the rats were sacrificed by decapitation 3 h later. The urine was aspirated from the bladders of each rat and analyzed for total Na(+) and K(+) excretion while the kidneys were removed and the formation of [(14)C]FMN and [(14)C]FAD was determined for each kidney. There was a significant increase in the formation of renal [(14)C]FMN and [(14)C]FAD (27.3 and 14.4%, respectively) after aldosterone treatment. Aldosterone significantly decreased the excretion of Na(+) by 50%, and increased that of K(+) by 55%. To determine if the increased incorporation of [(14)C]riboflavin into renal [(14)C]FMN and [(14)C]FAD was an important intermediary step in the aldosterone-induced alterations in urinary Na(+) and K(+), the riboflavin analogues 7,8-dimethyl-10-formylmethyl isoalloxazine or 7,8-dimethyl-10-(2'-hydroxyethyl) isoalloxazine were given to the animals i.p. to diminish the conversion of riboflavin to FMN by competitively inhibiting the enzyme flavokinase (EC 2.7.1.26). These analogues were found to significantly counteract the decreased urinary excretion of Na(+) as a result of aldosterone from 26+/-9% to 124+/-58% (SEM) with a dose-related response when administered from 10 to 25 mug/100 g body wt. The same doses of the analogues that significantly increased the urinary output of Na(+) when administered simultaneously with aldosterone also significantly decreased the formation of renal [(14)C]FMN from 15+/-4 to 38+/-3% when compared with the effects of aldosterone alone. The analogues exerted no significant effect on the increased urinary excretion of K(+) by aldosterone. The analogues alone had no influence on urinary Na(+) and K(+) output or the formation of renal [(14)C]FMN and [(14)C]FAD at the dose levels that we investigated. These data strongly suggest that the enhanced synthesis of renal FMN and FAD may be a causative factor in the increased reabsorption of Na(+) as a result of aldosterone; and, consequently, riboflavin analogues may function as a novel class of antimineralocorticoids.
Immunoglobulin Fc domain fusion to apolipoprotein(a) kringle V significantly prolongs plasma half-life without affecting its anti-angiogenic activity (2013)

Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Blocking this process is, therefore, a potentially powerful approach for the treatment of cancer. Human apolipoprotein(a) kringle V (rhLK8) is an angiogenesis inhibitor and is currently under development as an anti-cancer therapeutic. However, a relatively short in vivo half-life limits its widespread clinical use. This study was performed to evaluate whether fusion of an Fc domain to rhLK8 can extend plasma half-life. RhLK8-Fc fusion protein was expressed in CHO DG44 cells as a dimer and was readily purified by protein G affinity chromatography. The anti-angiogenic activity of rhLK8-Fc was similar to that of rhLK8, as determined by migration and tube formation assays with endothelial cells in vitro and a chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Pharmacokinetic profiles in mice after single intravenous administration of rhLK8 or rhLK8-Fc showed that Fc fusion significantly increased the elimination half-life (t(½)) and the systemic exposure (AUC(inf)) of the protein, in parallel with a significant decrease in total clearance (CL). These data suggest that Fc fusion to rhLK8 is a powerful strategy for extending the plasma half-life of rhLK8 without affecting its anti-angiogenic activity, and could thus improve the clinical applicability of rhLK8.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone time-dependently influences thyrotropin microheterogeneity--an in vivo study in euthyroidism (2000)

Thyrotropin (TSH) is secreted not as one distinct hormone, but rather as a group of isohormones which differ in their oligosaccharide composition. Although the mechanisms regulating TSH glycosylation are not fully understood, there is strong evidence that TRH plays an important role. The aim of our study was to determine the dynamic influence of TRH on TSH microheterogeneity. Sera were obtained from euthyroid volunteers (n=20) before and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after intravenous, nasal and oral administration of TRH in three independent runs (randomized order, at a time-interval of 3 weeks between each run). TSH was immuno-concentrated and analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and lentil lectin affinity chromatography. TSH immunoreactivity was measured by an automated second-generation TSH immunoassay. Overall, serum TSH concentrations reached maximal values 30 min after intravenous, 60 min after nasal and 180 min after oral TRH stimulation. IEF analysis revealed 63.3+/-3.3% of pituitary standard TSH (IRP 80/558) in the neutral pH range (8>pH>6). In contrast, 30 min after TRH stimulation 80.8+/-3.7% (P<0.001) and 60 min after TRH stimulation 44.9+/-2.2% (P<0.001) of the TSH of euthyroid probands were found in this pH range, whereas 180 min after TRH stimulation 58.4+/-2.3% (P<0.001) were detected in the acidic pH range (pH<6). This shift of TSH composition in euthyroidism after TRH stimulation was confirmed by lentil lectin analysis of TSH: core-fucose content of euthyroid TSH was 73.4+/-3.8% 30 min and 22.9+/-3.2% 120 min after TRH stimulation in contrast to basal (53.3+/-1.8%; P<0.001) and pituitary standard (IRP 80/558) TSH (63.0+/-0.9%; P<0.001). In conclusion, in euthyroidism, TRH stimulation time-dependently changes the distribution pattern of the TSH isoforms from an alkaline and neutral to a more acidic one. This corresponds to the secretion of isohormones with altered bioactivity which could influence the fine-tuning of thyroid function.
Developing learning strategies for topic-based summarization (2007)

Most up-to-date well-behaved topic-based summarization systems are built upon the extractive framework. They score the sentences based on the associated features by manually assigning or experimentally tuning the weights of the features. In this paper, we discuss how to develop learning strategies in order to obtain the optimal feature weights automatically, which can be used for assigning a sound score to a sentence characterized with a set of features. The two fundamental issues are about training data and learning models. To save the costly manual annotation time and effort, we construct the training data by labeling the sentence with a "true" score calculated according to human summaries. The Support Vector Regression (SVR) model is then used to learn how to relate the "true" score of the sentence to its features. Once the relations have been mathematically modeled, SVR is able to predict the "estimated" score for any given sentence. The evaluations by ROUGE-2 criterion on DUC 2006 and DUC 2005 document sets demonstrate the competitiveness and the adaptability of the proposed approaches.