gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can free energy be transduced from electric noise? (1987)

Recently, it was shown that free energy can be transduced from a regularly oscillating electric field to do chemical or transport work when coupled through an enzyme with appropriate electrical characteristics. Here we report that randomly pulsed electric fields can also lead to work being done, giving rise to speculation as to whether appropriately designed enzymes can extract and convert free energy from the inherent fluctuations in their environment. The paradox is resolved by showing that equilibrium electrical noise resulting from the environment around an enzyme cannot be completely random but is correlated to the state that the enzyme is in. If the noise has the appropriate reciprocal interaction with the enzyme, its potential to serve as a free-energy source disappears. This is shown by Monte Carlo and other numerical calculations and is proven analytically by use of the diagram method. This method also is used to provide an explicit equation showing that, under a range of conditions, our model enzyme will be induced by uncorrelated ("autonomous") noise to undergo net cyclic flux. That work can be transduced from the "random" noise is demonstrated by using numerical methods.
Long-term stability of liquid ionization chambers with regard to their qualification as local reference dosimeters for low dose-rate absorbed dose measurements in water (2001)

The long-term sensitivity and calibration stability of liquid ionization chambers (LICs) has been studied at a local and a secondary standards dosimetry laboratory over a period of 3 years. The chambers were transported several times by mail between the two laboratories for measurements. The LICs used in this work are designed for absorbed dose measurements in the dose rate region of 0.1-100 mGy min(-1) and have a liquid layer thickness of 1 mm and a sensitive volume of 16.2 mm3. The liquids used as sensitive media in the chambers are mixtures of isooctane (C8H18) and tetramethylsilane (Si(CH3)4) in different proportions (about 2 to 1). Operating at a polarizing voltage of 300 V the leakage current of the chambers was stable and never exceeded 3% of the observable current at a dose rate of about 1 mGy min(-1). The volume sensitivity of the chambers was measured to be of the order of 10(-9) C Gy(-1) mm3. No systematic changes in the absorbed dose to water calibration was observed for any of the chambers during the test period (sigma < 0.2%). Variations in chamber dose response with small changes in the polarizing voltage as well as sensitivity changes with accumulated absorbed dose were also investigated. Measurements showed that the LIC response varies by 0.15% per 1% change in applied voltage around 300 V. No significant change could be observed in the LIC sensitivity after a single absorbed dose of 15 kGy. The results indicate that the LIC can be made to serve as a calibration transfer instrument and a reference detector for absorbed dose to water determinations providing good precision and long-term reproducibility.
Erratum: ‘‘Equation of state for liquids’’ [J. Appl. Phys. <b>6</b> <b>4</b>, 4236 (1988)] (1989)

Owing to an editorial error, two sentences were incorrectly worded.On page 814, the last sentence of the second paragraph in the left-hand column should read:"These structures have potential use as high-energy injectors for electroluminescent devices,8.9photodetectors,8.W and fast ballistic transistors. 8"The first sentence of the third paragraph in the left-hand column should read: "Other applications of supedattice devices exploit the presence of minibands and forbidden energy bands at carrier energies above the barrier heights in order to produce negative differential resistance effects 11.12 or act as potential barriers.13 " 4461
La fonoaudiología en el sistema de salud colombiano (2013)

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue describir las acciones incluidas dentro de la normatividad colombiana dirigidas a mejorar la salud comunicativa de la población y prevenir sus desórdenes a cargo de las EPS y de los Entes Territoriales a nivel nacional. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, a partir de fuentes documentales, que permitieron conocer la información contenida en la normatividad del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud colombiano, desde la Ley 100 de 1993 hasta el Plan Decenal de Salud Pública correspondiente al periodo 2012-2020. Los resultados mostraron que la normatividad que establece las acciones de promoción y prevención a cargo de las EPS, específicamente en las guías de protección específica y de detección temprana, aún no tienen en cuenta el papel fundamental del Fonoaudiólogo. Por el contrario, a cargo de los Entes Territoriales, se encontró acciones específicas para promocionar la salud comunicativa y prevenir la morbilidad por alteraciones sobre todo en la audición. Se concluye que para los próximos 10 años el Plan Decenal de Salud Pública define acciones para la investigación, promoción, detección e intervención de las patologías que alteran la comunicación humana con una perspectiva de los determinantes sociales. Se hace necesario para el logro efectivo de este plan, involucre al Fonoaudiólogo dentro de los equipos básicos de salud.
Art for Institutionalized Elderly (1989)

AbstractInstitutionalized elderly often lack stimulating and creative activity. An eight-week textile art education intervention introduced an activity that encouraged learning new skills and applying them in an individual and creative manner to fabric painting.To evaluate the intervention's effectiveness, data were gathered from two interview schedules; one administered to nursing home staff, the other to residents. The sample of forty-nine residents, twenty-six of whom participated in art classes, was drawn from three nursing homes in Lawrence, Kansas.Results indicate social interaction improved significantly and the quality of art work produced by the majority of participants improved over the course of instruction.The study suggests that arts programming in nursing homes contributes to social well-being and provides opportunities for learning new forms of creative expression.
Synthesis and Conformational Investigation of Methyl 4a-Carba-<scp>d</scp>-arabinofuranosides (2001)

The synthesis of carbasugar analogues of methyl alpha-D-arabinofuranoside and methyl beta-D-arabinofuranoside (3 and 4) is reported. The route developed involves the conversion of D-mannose into a suitably protected diene (13), which is then cyclized via olefin metathesis. The resulting cyclopentene (14) is stereoselectively hydrogenated to provide an intermediate that can be used for the synthesis of both targets. Through the use of NMR spectroscopy, we have probed the ring conformation of 3 and 4, as well as the rotamer populations about the C(4)-C(5) and C(1)-O(1) bonds. These studies have demonstrated that there are differences in ring conformation between these carbasugars and their glycoside parents (1 and 2). However, only minor differences are seen in the rotameric equilibrium about the C(4)-C(5) bond in 3 and 4 relative to 1 and 2. In regard to the C(1)-O(1) bond, NOE data from 3 and 4 suggest that the favored position about this bond is similar to that in the glycosides; that is, the methyl group is anti to C(2). However, confirmation of this preference through measurement of (3)J(C,C) between the methyl group and C(2) or C(4a) was not successful.
Airway tree segmentation using adaptive regions of interest (2004)

The accurate segmentation of the human airway tree from volumetric CT images builds an important corner stone in pulmonary image processing. It is the basis for many consecutive processing steps like branch-point labeling and matching, virtual bronchoscopy, and more. Previously reported airway tree segmentation methods often suffer from "leaking" into the surrounding lung tissue, caused by the anatomically thin airway wall combined with the occurrence of partial volume effect and noise. Another common problem with previously proposed airway segmentation algorithms is their difficulties with segmenting low dose scans and scans of heavily diseased lungs. We present a new airway tree segmentation method that works in 3D, avoids leaks, and automatically adapts to different types of scans without the need for the user to iteratively adjust any parameters.
Implementing fuzzy rule-based systems on silicon chips (1990)

The authors address the implementation of a fuzzy simulator (FSIM) and discuss architectures for a general-purpose VLSI fuzzy-inference processor. The FSIM tool aids in the rapid prototyping of fuzzy production system (FPS), and represents a convenient transitional step in the implementation of an FPS on silicon. They present a brief theoretical review of fuzzy reasoning, introduce the FSIM, and discuss FPS development using the FSIM. An overall picture of the various stages involved in developing a fuzzy-inference processor is provided. The authors then outline the general architecture of a VLSI inference processor for FPSs. To further illustrate the development of a fuzzy inference processor, they describe an FPS example from conceptualization to implementation on silicon chips.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards an optical clock for space: Compact, high-performance optical lattice clock based on bosonic atoms (2018)

Optical clocks operated on satellites are expected to open up new opportunities in time transfer, geodesy, fundamental physics, and satellite navigation. Here we demonstrate an important first step towards this goal: a modular, compact, optical lattice clock (OLC) system that achieves $2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ fractional uncertainty. The clock is operated with bosonic strontium and improves the performance of bosonic OLCs by a factor of 30. This has important implications for future use of bosonic OLCs in fundamental physics and metrology. We make use of the clock's metrological performance to measure, with independent clocks, the isotope shift of the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{0}$ transitions of $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$, with an uncertainty of 12 mHz. The ratio of the transition frequencies is thus determined with $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ fractional uncertainty.
Progestin and G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Inhibit Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

We have previously shown that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)30 is critical for progestin-induced growth inhibition. In this study, we addressed signal transduction pathways involved in progestin-mediated signaling. Progestin could not provide any additional growth inhibitory effect to MCF-7 cells treated with specific MAPK kinase inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126. Medroxyprogesteroneacetate (MPA) induced a late (22-23 h) decrease in ERK-1 and -2 activities verified by immunoblotting and kinase assay. The inactivation was abrogated by antiprogestin. Transient expression of GPR30 decreased ERK-1 and -2 activity; and in the cells in which GPR30 expression was decreased by the antisense, ERK activities were increased. The antisense-expressing cells were able to significantly resist the growth-inhibitory effect of the MAPK kinase inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 but not that of other factors tested. Interestingly, the decrease of ERK activity induced by MPA was abrogated by GPR30 antisense. Collectively, these results show that MAPK activity is inhibited by progestin and GPR30 and suggest that progestin-induced ERK inactivation is mediated through GPR30. Coupled with our previous findings, the data imply that up-regulation of GPR30 by progestin leads to ERK-1 and -2 inactivation associated with MPA-induced growth inhibition.
Infliximab for the treatment of posterior uveitis with retinal neovascularization in Behet disease. (2004)

The result suggests that anti-TNF therapy may be effective in the treatment of retinal neovascularization caused by panuveitis in Behet disease. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2004; 14: #-8).
Hoogsteen base pairs proximal and distal to echinomycin binding sites on DNA. (1987)

Forms of the DNA double helix containing non-Watson-Crick base-pairing have been discovered recently based on x-ray diffraction analysis of quinoxaline antibiotic-oligonucleotide complexes. In an effort to find evidence for Hoogsteen base-pairing at quinoxaline-binding sites in solution, chemical "footprinting" (differential cleavage reactivity) of echinomycin bound to DNA restriction fragments was examined. We report that purines (A greater than G) in the first and/or fourth base-pair positions of occupied echinomycin-binding sites are hyperreactive to diethyl pyrocarbonate. The correspondence of the solid-state data and the sites of diethyl pyrocarbonate hyperreactivity suggests that diethyl pyrocarbonate may be a sensitive reagent for the detection of Hoogsteen base-pairing in solution. Moreover, a 12-base-pair segment of alternating A-T DNA, which is 6 base pairs away from the nearest strong echinomycin-binding site, is also hyperreactive to diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of echinomycin. This hyperreactive segment may be an altered form of right-handed DNA that is entirely Hoogsteen base-paired.
Fast Matrix Factorization for Online Recommendation with Implicit Feedback (2016)

This paper contributes improvements on both the effectiveness and efficiency of Matrix Factorization (MF) methods for implicit feedback. We highlight two critical issues of existing works. First, due to the large space of unobserved feedback, most existing works resort to assign a uniform weight to the missing data to reduce computational complexity. However, such a uniform assumption is invalid in real-world settings. Second, most methods are also designed in an offline setting and fail to keep up with the dynamic nature of online data. We address the above two issues in learning MF models from implicit feedback. We first propose to weight the missing data based on item popularity, which is more effective and flexible than the uniform-weight assumption. However, such a non-uniform weighting poses efficiency challenge in learning the model. To address this, we specifically design a new learning algorithm based on the element-wise Alternating Least Squares (eALS) technique, for efficiently optimizing a MF model with variably-weighted missing data. We exploit this efficiency to then seamlessly devise an incremental update strategy that instantly refreshes a MF model given new feedback. Through comprehensive experiments on two public datasets in both offline and online protocols, we show that our implemented, open-source (https://github.com/hexiangnan/sigir16-eals) eALS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art implicit MF methods.
Tests of proprietary chemical additives as antiscalants for hypersaline geothermal brine. Final report (1980)

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory brine treatment test system has been used to carry out a short-term evaluation of a number of proprietary chemical additives as antiscalants for the hypersaline brine of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. In addition, a test of sludge seeding was conducted as a technique for scale control. The effect of each additive on the rate of precipitation of silica from the effluent brine at 90/sup 0/C was measured, and scaling rates of brine treated with nine of the additives were measured at 125 and 210/sup 0/C. Corrosion rates of mild steel in the treated brines were estimated using Petrolite linear polarization resistance equipment. None of the additives had a direct effect on the rates of silica precipitation, and none had a beneficial effect on the scale formed at 210/sup 0/C. At 125/sup 0/C, two additives, Drewsperse 747 (Drew Chemical) and SC-210 (Southwest Specialty Chemicals) afforded a marginal degree of scale reduction. The Austral-Erwin additive diminished the adherence of scale formed at points of high velocity fluid flow but increased solids accumulation at other points. Sludge seeding shows some promise because it reduces the degree of silica supersaturation of the brine. Results of analyses of solids precipitated from effluent brines (Woolsey No. 1 and acidified Magmamax No. 1) are presented.
10 Gbit/s soliton data transmission over one million kilometres (1991)

Soliton data transmission at 7.2–10 Gbit/s over one million kilometres has been successfully achieved by using a new technique that incorporates synchronous shaping and retiming using a high speed optical modulator. This technique enables the Gordon–Haus limit, the accumulation of amplified spontaneous emission, and the effect of interaction forces between adjacent solitons to be overcome. This technique is analogous to the synchronously pumped laser technique and can extend the soliton transmission distance almost infinitely.
Patients’ Preference of Valacyclovir Once-Daily Suppressive Therapy Versus Twice-Daily Episodic Therapy for Recurrent Genital Herpes (2003)

Suppressive valacyclovir was preferred to episodic therapy by most patients. Suppressive therapy was associated with increased treatment satisfaction, and decreased risk and lower frequency of recurrences.
Hypothermia-induced Reversible Platelet Dysfunction (1987)

Baboons that were subjected to systemic hypothermia at 32 C had an arm skin temperature of 27.3 C and bleeding time of 5.8 minutes. With local warming of the arm skin to 34 C, the bleeding time was 2.4 minutes. In normothermic baboons with arm skin temperature of 34.6 C, the bleeding time was 3.1 minutes. Local cooling of the arm skin to 27.6 C produced a bleeding time of 6.9 minutes. Increasing the skin temperature of the arm in hypothermic baboons to 38.9 C and in normothermic baboons to 40.1 C reduced bleeding times to 2.1 and 2.3 minutes, respectively. In both hypothermic and normothermic baboons there was a negative and significant correlation between the bleeding time and the arm skin temperature and the thromboxane B2 level in the shed blood obtained at the template bleeding time site. There was a significant positive correlation between the thromboxane B2 level in the shed blood and the arm skin temperature. Both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have shown that the production of thromboxane B2 by platelets is temperature-dependent, and that a cooling of skin temperature produces a reversible platelet dysfunction. Data also suggest that when a hypothermic patient bleeds without surgical cause, skin and wound temperature should be restored to normal before the administration of blood products that are not only expensive but may also transmit disease.
Structured fast Hartley transform algorithms (1986)

The flowgraph originally proposed for the computation of the radix-2 fast Hartley transform (FHT) is restructured for clarity and ease of implementation with hardware and software. By applying the transposition theorem to the newly formed flowgraph (which corresponds to a decimation-in-time algorithm), a decimation-in-frequency algorithm with a similar flowgraph is obtained. The number of operations for the two algorithms is the same because of an existing symmetry, which is also identical to that of another FHT algorithm recently proposed.
Stochastic Recursive Algorithms for Optimization: Simultaneous Perturbation Methods (2012)

Part I: Introduction to Stochastic Recursive Algorithms.- Introduction.- Deterministic Algorithms for Local Search.- Stochastic Approximation Algorithms.- Part II: Gradient Estimation Schemes.- Kiefer-Wolfowitz Algorithm.- Gradient Schemes with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation.- Smoothed Functional Gradient Schemes.- Part III: Hessian Estimation Schemes.- Hessian Estimation with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochasti Approximation.- Smoothed Functional Hessian Schemes.- Part IV: Variations to the Basic Scheme.- Discrete Optimization.- Algorithms for Contrained Optimization.- Reinforcement Learning.- Part V: Applications.- Service Systems.- Road Traffic Control.- Communication Networks.
Amperometric sensors for peroxide, choline, and acetylcholine based on electron transfer between horseradish peroxidase and a redox polymer (1993)

Amperometric sensors have been developed for hydrogen peroxide, choline, and acetylcholine by immobilization of horseradish peroxidase, (HRP), choline oxidase, and acetylcholinesterase in a cross-linked redox polymer deposited on glassy carbon electrodes. Peroxide sensors, prepared by immobilization of HRP alone, gave detection limits of 10 nM and a linear response up to ca. 1 mM. Coimmobilization of HRP and glucose oxidase was used to establish the feasibility of highly efficient bienzyme sensors at low substrate levels. Replacing glucose oxidase with choline oxidase produced sensors with submicromolar detection limits and a linear response up to 0.8 mM. Addition of acetylcholinesterase to the sensors generated a relatively small response to acetylcholine that demonstrates the feasibility of trienzyme sensors. At low substrate concentrations, no loss in sensitivity during a 1-day experiment was observed. The response times of these sensors are all less than 30 s with 2-s response times achieved in some cases.
Protoplast Formation, Regeneration and Reversion in Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju (1985)

The studies were carried out to obtain the basic data for maximizing the protoplast yields from the mycelia of P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju. Some factors affecting the regeneration of the protoplast of both species and the productivity of their reversion were also examined. The maximum yields of protoplasts were obtained from four days cultured mycelia of both species on cellophan membrane placed on the surface of PSA or MCM media in a petri dish. The optimal concentration of lytic enzyme Novozym 234 for protoplast releasing was 5 mg per ml of 0.5 M phosphate buffer solution with 0.6 M sucrose or 0.6 M at pH 6.0. The greatest number of protoplasts was released 3 hours after incubation of the mycelia of P. ostreatus and after 4 hours for the P. sajor-caju in the lytic enzyme solution. Among the osmotic stabilizer solutions tested 0.6 M sucrose and 0.6 M KCl showed the best regeneration rates of the protoplasts of both species. When 0.75 % agar solution was over-layed on the regeneration media immediately after inoculation of the protoplast the regeneration rates were greatly enhanced. The ampicillin added to the agar solution prevented bacteria from infection. The reverted isolates produced the sporophores and basidial spores just like their parents without any mutations when they were cultivated in a broad mouth bottle with sawdust substrates.
New Soluble Pentacene Precursors for the Application of Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2003)

Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 100 Jang-Dong, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, KoreaReceived September 16, 2003Key Words : Soluble pentacene precursor, Organic thin film transistor, Diels-Alder reaction, Organic semi-conductorOver the past two decades, organic thin-film transistors(OTFTs) based on organic semiconductors have beenenvisioned as a viable alternative to more traditional TFTsbased on inorganic material, such as Si and Ge, which havecharge carrier mobilities about three orders of magnitudehigher. The OTFTs have been used for switching devices oflow-cost electronic application such as integrated circuits,
[Construction and confirmation of a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pBABE-hygro-PLAP-1]. (2010)

The recombinant plasmid of pBABE-hygro-PLAP-1 is successfully constructed. It can be applied to plap-1 gene function research in the future. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.2R2010HM050).