gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Hardware-Agnostic Gaze-Trackers (2020)

Gaze-tracking is a novel way of interacting with computers which allows new scenarios, such as enabling people with motor-neuron disabilities to control their computers or doctors to interact with patient information without touching screen or keyboard. Further, there are emerging applications of gaze-tracking in interactive gaming, user experience research, human attention analysis and behavioral studies. Accurate estimation of the gaze may involve accounting for head-pose, head-position, eye rotation, distance from the object as well as operating conditions such as illumination, occlusion, background noise and various biological aspects of the user. Commercially available gaze-trackers utilize specialized sensor assemblies that usually consist of an infrared light source and camera. There are several challenges in the universal proliferation of gaze-tracking as accessibility technologies, specifically its affordability, reliability, and ease-of-use. In this paper, we try to address these challenges through the development of a hardware-agnostic gaze-tracker. We present a deep neural network architecture as an appearance-based method for constrained gaze-tracking that utilizes facial imagery captured on an ordinary RGB camera ubiquitous in all modern computing devices. Our system achieved an error of 1.8073cm on GazeCapture dataset without any calibration or device specific fine-tuning. This research shows promise that one day soon any computer, tablet, or phone will be controllable using just your eyes due to the prediction capabilities of deep neutral networks.
Catalytic Converters for Natural Gas Fueled Engines—A Measurement and Control Problem (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Three-way catalytic converters proved to have a long-term capacity to effectively reduce the concentration of unwanted compounds in the exhaust gas of engines fueled by natural gas, provided a narrow air-to-fuel-ratio window is maintained. The exhaust-gas sensors hitherto incorporated in the required feedback-control system have an undesirable transfer function and suffer from ageing. This paper therefore advocates the development of an appropriate sensor for carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen to perfect the cleaning system.</div>
3-Indolepropionic Acid (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Indolepropionic AcidHERBERT E. JOHNSON and DONALD G. CROSBYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 4, 569–570Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01074a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01074a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐lymphocytes control dissemination of measles virus (2009)

Measles continues to be an important cause of childhood mortality in developing countries. Measles virus (MV) is lymphotropic and infects high percentages of B- and T-lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues. Cellular immunity is considered crucial for viral clearance; however, MV-specific T-lymphocytes generated during primary infection also constitute a potential target for MV infection. We therefore aimed to identify T-lymphocyte subsets that can clear MV infection without becoming infected. To this end, we infected human EBV transformed B-lymphoblastic cell lines (B-LCL) with a recombinant MV strain expressing enhanced GFP, and co-cultured these with non-infected B-LCL resulting in rapid viral spread. MV-specific CD8(+) T-cell clones efficiently suppressed MV dissemination in autologous and HLA-matched, but not in HLA-mismatched B-LCL. In contrast, CD4(+) T-cell clones could not control MV dissemination but became a target for MV infection themselves. Furthermore, PBMC collected 6-9 months after acute measles and stimulated with autologous MV-infected B-LCL also efficiently suppressed MV dissemination; this was mediated by the fraction containing CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. In conclusion, we have developed a powerful tool to study cellular immunity against measles, and demonstrate that control of MV dissemination is mediated by virus-specific CD8(+) rather than by CD4(+) T-lymphocytes.
<i>In vivo</i>assessment of potential probiotic<i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i>strains: evaluation of their establishment, persistence, and localisation in the murine gastrointestinal tract (1999)

The enteric flora comprise approximately 95% of the total number of cells in the human body. Numerous studies have investigated potentially beneficial members of this microbial community due to their ability to elicit immune responses while also protecting against microbial pathogens. We have previously reported on the isolation and identification, from surgically-resected segments of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These bacterial strains exhibit potentially beneficial probiotic traits in vitro
Experimental Study of the Flow in a Compact Heat Exchanger Channel With Embossed-Type Vortex Generators (2003)

The isothermal flow in a model channel of plate-fin heat exchanger with periodically arranged embossed-like vortex generators is investigated. Velocity measurements are performed by LDA in the transitional regime (Reynolds number from 1000 up to 5000). Strong longitudinal vortices are observed downstream of each generator. The vortex rollup process is highlighted by the evolution of the velocity vector field in the cross section of the flow. The modifications of the vortex characteristics after successively encountered generators are investigated. This work shows most of the flow features which are known to produce heat transfer enhancement, and shows that these smooth shaped vortex generators are very promising for enhanced heat exchangers.
Hydroxyapatite accelerates differentiation and suppresses growth of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts (2003)

Hydroxyapatite describes both the natural mineral phase of bone as well as the widely used calcium-phosphate implant substitute. Given that hydroxyapatite is a major component of the in vivo surface with which osteoblasts interact, it is surprising that most studies examining the regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation utilize plastic surfaces. Here we demonstrate that the phenotype of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts is significantly altered on hydroxyapatite compared with plastic surfaces. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase activity and messenger RNA levels, markers of early stages of osteoblast differentiation, are increased in osteoblasts cultured on hydroxyapatite. The precocious appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity on the hydroxyapatite surface suggests that osteoblast differentiation is activated earlier compared with plastic surfaces. Osteocalcin expression, a marker of late-stage differentiation, is also increased on hydroxyapatite and further demonstrates enhanced differentiation. Cell counts indicate that fewer osteoblasts are present on hydroxyapatite versus plastic surfaces 24 h after plating. Measurement of osteoblast attachment, apoptosis, and necrosis indicated no differences between surfaces. In contrast, the number of bromodeoxyuridine-incorporating cells was significantly decreased on hydroxyapatite compared with plastic surfaces. Taken together, our findings indicate that hydroxyapatite enhances osteoblast differentiation while also suppressing growth.
Low temperature bonding of light-weighted mirrors (2003)

SCHOTT has developed a Low Temperature Bonding (LTB) technology for fabricating light weight Zerodur optics without the application of high temperature or pressure. The formation of mechanically stable, optically clear joints between two or more glass or glass ceramic parts can be achieved by simply sandwiching an inorganic, aqueous-based solution between chemically prepared surfaces followed by room temperature or slightly elevated temperature curing regimen. This new technology offers a host of advantages over current technologies including room temperature processing, lower production costs and reduced delivery times as well as broad design flexibility. The LTB technology was used in this study to fabricate a 285 mm light-weight plano-plano closed back mirror in an attempt to qualify the bonded assemblies made by this technology for space application. The mirrors were assembled by bonding Zerodur faceplates onto a Zerodur core structure, fabricated via abrasive water jet cutting, to produce a light weighted optic with an aerial density of 24.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. In addition, smaller unit cell structures were also fabricated in a similar fashion for prototype testing. Both the large mirror and the smaller unit cell structures will be measured for surface figure stability before and after thermal cycling and for bonded mechanical strength.
Empirical evaluations of active learning strategies in legal document review (2017)

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expense associated with the review of those documents. One form of machine learning - Active Learning - has drawn attention from the legal community because it offers the potential to make the machine learning process even more effective. Active Learning, applied to legal documents, is considered a new technology in the legal domain and is continuously applied to all documents in a legal matter until an insignificant number of relevant documents are left for review. This implementation is slightly different than traditional implementations of Active Learning where the process stops once achieving acceptable model performance. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to question whether Active Learning actually is a superior learning methodology and (ii) to highlight the ways that Active Learning can be most effectively applied to real legal industry data. Unlike other studies, our experiments were performed against large data sets taken from recent, real-world legal matters covering a variety of areas. We conclude that, although these experiments show the Active Learning strategy popularly used in legal document review can quickly identify informative training documents, it becomes less effective over time. In particular, our findings suggest this most popular form of Active Learning in the legal arena, where the highest-scoring documents are selected as training examples, is in fact not the most efficient approach in most instances. Ultimately, a different Active Learning strategy may be best suited to initiate the predictive modeling process but not to continue through the entire document review.
Considerations For Accelerated Laser Diode Life Testing (1987)

A more generalized (Eyring) type of acceleration model for laser diodes is discussed which includes temperature, bulk current and optical power as accelerating stresses. This may allow greater accuracy in laser diode lifetime estimation and in prediction of the lifetime implications of changes in laser diode structural design. The effect of redundancy on laser diode lifetime requirements, diode parameters essential to fiber optic and free-space communication system operation, screening procedures, failure analysis, test configurations and environmental/equipment safeguards are also discussed.
Unsupervised learning of field segmentation models for information extraction (2005)

The applicability of many current information extraction techniques is severely limited by the need for supervised training data. We demonstrate that for certain field structured extraction tasks, such as classified advertisements and bibliographic citations, small amounts of prior knowledge can be used to learn effective models in a primarily unsupervised fashion. Although hidden Markov models (HMMs) provide a suitable generative model for field structured text, general unsupervised HMM learning fails to learn useful structure in either of our domains. However, one can dramatically improve the quality of the learned structure by exploiting simple prior knowledge of the desired solutions. In both domains, we found that unsupervised methods can attain accuracies with 400 unlabeled examples comparable to those attained by supervised methods on 50 labeled examples, and that semi-supervised methods can make good use of small amounts of labeled data.
Substrate-mode holographic polarization-division multi/demultiplexer for optical communications (1994)

Based on the diffractive properties of a transmission-type phase volume hologram, a new type of polarization-division multi/demultiplexer for optical communications is presented.
Reductive coupling of aralkyl halides by vanadium(II) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive coupling of aralkyl halides by vanadium(II)T. A. CooperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 13, 4158–4162Publication Date (Print):June 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00794a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00794a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Named Entity Recognition using Machine Learning Methods and Pattern-Selection Rules. (2001)

Named Entity recognition, as a task of providing important semantic information, is a critical first step in Information Extraction and QuestionAnswering system. This paper proposes a hybrid method of the named entity recognition which combines maximum entropy model, neural network, and pattern-selection rules. The maximum entropy model is used for the proper treatment of unknown words, and neural network for disambiguation. The patternselection rules are used for the target word selection and for grouping of adjacent words. We use the data only from a training corpus and a domainindependent named entity dictionary so that our system, it is predicted, is applicable in any other domain. In addition, since each module of our system is independent, a new method can be easily adopted for executing each module.
Sumoylation 對於c-Maf調控細胞激素之研究 (2007)

Naive CD4+ T helper (Th) cells can be polarized towards either the Th1 or the Th2 subset. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is crucial for the differentiation toward Th2 effector cells that promote humoral immunity and provide protection against intestinal helminthes. Many transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the gene encoding IL-4. Notably, c-Maf, a basic-leucine zipper protein belongs to the MAF family, has been proved to be the IL-4 gene-specific transactivator. On the other hand, c-Maf also acts as a potent activator of IL-10 gene and an inhibitor of IL-12 p40 and p35 gene expression in monocytes and macrophages. Besides, c-Maf was reported to be involved in lens development and oncogenesis. These phenomena implied that some cell-type specific factors would interact with c-Maf and thus to regulate its function. 
Our lab has identified two c-Maf interacting factors, UBC9, and PIAS1, by the yeast two-hybrid system using c-Maf as the bait. The two proteins are involved in the sumoylation. Therefore, we assume that the sumoylation might play some important roles in the function of c-Maf and further regulate IL-4 production in Th2 cells. To study this issue, we want to investigate whether the sumoylation would occur in vivo and dissect how the post translational modifications affect c-Maf function. 
In this study, we found that c-Maf could undergo sumoylation in HEK293T and DO11.10 T cells. The functional analysis of sumoylated c-Maf was also performed by luciferase assay in HEK293T and DO11.10 cells indicating that sumoylation acts as a negative regulator to c-Maf in IL-4 transactivation. Sumoylated c-Maf could be revealed in cytosol. In addition, enhanced DNA binding ability could be observed when c-Maf without sumoylation. The two phenomena might contribute to reduced IL-4 gene transactivation by sumoyalted c-Maf.
An Approach to the Intrinsic Kinetics of the Zirconium Oxide Carbochlorination (1995)

Abstract A procedure to overcome the experimental difficulties found in the study of the intrinsic kinetics of zirconia carbochlorination was analyzed. The effect of experimental variables on the carbochlorination kinetics was studied by means of thermogravimetry. The effect of temperature on the extent of two reaction stages was observed: the first reaction stage dominates the reaction at high temperatures and low reaction‐degrees. The second one was of first order with respect to the chlorine partial pressure at 1223 K.
Sonic Vibration Technique for Rot Detection in Wood Poles (1974)

A new method is proposed for rot detection in wood poles such as those used for electricity distribution purposes. The test method has been developed to meet the problem of detection of concealed ground-line rot in full length preservative treated poles and appears to be capable of successfully achieving this end. A resonant sonic vibration technique is employed which is capable of detecting seriously defective poles not at present accessible to inspection. The technique is essentially nondestructive in nature, and provides a degree of precision and security not formerly available. A device employing the technique is described, which is suitable for use by workers of the caliber of those now employed in the detection of defective power poles.
Investigation of Electrochemical Copolymerization of 1‐Naphthylamineaniline in the Presence of Various Organic Sulfonic Acids (2009)

Abstract The electrochemical and electro activity properties of poly(aniline‐co‐1‐naphthylamine) thin films have been investigated in the presence of various organic sulfonic acids. Homo and copolymer thin films are synthesized electrochemically, under cyclic voltammetric conditions in aqueous solution of organic sulfonic acids (1 M), viz p‐toluene‐sulfonic acid (P‐TSA), methane‐sulfonic acid (MSA), 5‐sulfosalicylic acid (5‐SSA), camphor‐sulfonic acid (CSA) and dodecylbenzene‐sulfonic acid (DBSA) (0.25 M) on glass carbon (GC) electrode at room temperature. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) show that the current densities are strongly influenced by the size and acidity of the organic acids which are present in electrolyte. Electocopolymerization was carried out at different ratios of NPA to ANI (0.07, 0.05, 0.03, 0.02, 0.014). The formation of copolymer was proved by cyclic voltammogram study.
Increased number of IL-2, IL-2 receptor and IL-10 positive cells in premalignant lesions of the cervix. (2008)

Previous studies have shown the involvement of the immune response in the progression of human uterine cervix cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of the exocervix (CIN 1, 2 and 3), and its relationship with the serum cytokine profiles and human papilomavirus (HPV) infection status. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to study the expression of IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 in human cervical samples from 50 patients and 9 normal controls. Serum IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 were measured by ELISA and HPV DNA and HPV types were identified by PCR. Increased number of IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 positive cells were observed in the cervix from patients with CIN, associated with the grades of dysplasia. A significant correlation was observed between IL-2 and IL-2R (p>0.0001), IL-2 and IL-10 (p>0.0001), as well as IL-10 and IL-2R (p>0.0001). Twenty percent of patients were HPV positive and 84% of those patients were tissue cytokine positive. These results suggest that IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 tissue expression may play a role in the development of cervical intraepithelial dysplasias.
Design and static modeling of a semiconductor polymeric piezoelectric microactuator (1992)

The design of a semicircular polymeric piezoelectric actuator is presented, the models for its deflection and force are derived, and the results of the experiments used to verify the models are reported. The design is a polymeric piezoelectric bimorph formed in a semicircular shape instead of the standard straight cantilever beam bimorph design. The deflection model is adopted from the straight cantilever beam model and relates the free deflection as a function of the applied voltage field. The force model is developed using Castigliano's second theorem. Two experiments were conducted to verify the model: force-voltage and force-deflection. The models show that a bimorph formed in a semicircular shape produces significantly more force than a straight cantilever beam bimorph of the same length without a significant sacrifice in deflection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The joining of biaxially oriented polyethylene pipes (1989)

Abstract Die‐drawing techniques recently developed at Leeds University make it possible to produce oriented polymer tubes with both axial draw and hoopwise expansion. These products have increased axial stiffness, improved barrier properties, and excellent resistance to chemical reagents. Normally mechanical methods are used to join such tubes in order to preserve their orientation: however we show that electrofusion techniques produce joints of strengths such that in tensile tests, failure always occurs in the fittings, not at the joint interfaces. Optical and electron microscopy reveal different zones in the welds and indicate that only 20 percent of the wall thickness is affected by the electrofusion process. The pipe studied was biaxially drawn medium density polyethylene of outside diameter 63 mm with draw ratios of 4 in the axial direction and 2, inner hoop. Optimum welding conditions were determined using socket and saddle electrofusion fittings. The joints did not fail in a standard crush test. Careful control of welding parameters is essential in butt fusion welding when the maximum weld strength exceeds that of the undrawn polymer.