gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
대중스타, 대중매체, 종교교육 (2003)

이 글은 세 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 현대판 영웅인 대중 스타는 문자 그대로 `인기 있는 사람`이지만 그가 반드시 `유명한 사람`이거나 `사랑 받는 사람`은 아니다. 그렇다고 우리는 대중 스타를 단순히 마이크 체질을 가진 사람, 탤런트 기질이 있는 사람, 딴따라 소질이 있는 사람 등으로 비하시킬 수도 없다. 대증 스타의 기반은 뭐니뭐니 해도 대중의 지지와 박수일 수밖에 없기 때문이다. 여기서 나는 대중 스타의 성격, 대중 스타의 탄생 과정, 그리고 대중스타에 대한 우리들의 잘못된 시각을 간단히 설명한다. 둘째, 한편 우리는 대중의 순수한 지지 혹은 대중 매체의 일방적인 조작이 대중 스타를 만든다고 믿고 있다. 그러나 모든 대증 스타는 대중의 지지와 대중 매체의 협조라는 쌍두마차에 의하여 탄생한다. 그림에도 대중 스타와 대중 매체의 정확한 관계를 설명한다는 것은 거의 불가능할 정도로 복잡하다. 여기서 나는 대중 매체의 엄청난 위력과 독특한 두 가지 속성을 비교적 상세히 설명한다. 셋째, 그러면 대중 문화와 종교 교육의 관계는 무엇인가? 여기서 나는 종교 교육을 교양 교육의 일부로 소개하고, 대중 문화는-수많은 문제점에도 불구하고-여전히 우리들의 교양의 일부라는 입장에서 그들의 만남과 그 만남에서 나타나는 위험성을 간단히 설명한다.
Automatic Measurement Computation and Recording of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor against Temperature (1951)

An automatically computing and recording instrument for dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of temperature at any constant frequency from 50 cps to 600,000 cps is described. Sample curves are shown. Known magnification and zero shift are incorporated to cover the ranges of values encountered in most plastic materials. Automatic correction for and measurement of thermal expansion is incorporated.
The Effect of Unilateral Partial Facial Paralysis and Muscle Ablation on Craniofacial Growth and Development: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit (1998)

The effect of unilateral partial facial nerve ablation and unilateral partial midface muscle ablation on craniofacial growth and development was investigated. New Zealand White rabbits (12 days old) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: control group, to study normal craniofacial growth and development (n = 15); nerve ablation group, surgically induced unilateral paralysis of the buccal branches of the facial nerve (n = 15); and muscle ablation group, surgical unilateral ablation of the facial muscles innervated by the buccal branches of the facial nerve (n = 12). All animals were operated on at the age of 12 days; follow-up evaluations were performed at the ages of 2 months and 6 months. The age of 2 months represents the endpoint of the prepubertal craniofacial growth and development. At the age of 6 months, the animals are fully grown; therefore, the time period between 2 and 6 months is regarded as the pubertal growth period. Computerized dorsoventral roentgencephalometric (measurement of distances and angles) and computer tomographic (three-dimensional volumetric measurements) investigations were performed at both ages. Additional dry skull measurements were performed to determine more precisely the bone segments involved in the craniofacial growth alterations studied. The obtained results indicated the following. Unilateral partial facial paralysis involving the midface resulted in growth alterations analogous to those seen after unilateral total facial paralysis. The growth alterations were not to be seen as a growth restriction (reduction in bony volume) but as growth misdirections (alterations in shape). Major growth alterations were present in those regions closely related to the facial musculature, namely the nasal, maxillary, and premaxillary regions, resulting in a snout deviation toward the operated side. The growth alterations occurred during prepuberty and remained rather stable during puberty. Morphologic signs of muscle denervation were related to the craniofacial growth disturbances. The growth alterations after unilateral partial facial paralysis were mainly biomechanically induced, as they were analogous to those observed after unilateral midfacial muscle ablation. The fact that after unilateral midfacial muscle ablation at the age of 6 months the severity of the alterations had increased was attributed to the scar formation inherent to the surgical procedure.
Inductively Coupled Power Transmission: - Concept, Design and Application (1994)

Electric vehicles are used throughout the materials handling industry because they are low cost, reliable, inoffensive, and simple to control compared to alternative forms of motive power. But conventional methods of power transfer to the vehicle such as electrified tracks and batteries have remained less than ideal; that is until the recent development of a novel inductively coupled power transmission (IPT) system that is clean and spark-free, is robust to dust and water, and has very low maintenance. Load power in an IPT system is sourced at 10kHz from tuned pickup coils mounted adjacent to, but not touching, a sealed track conductor driven by a resonant power electronic converter. Power transfer of several kilowatts is possible from a single pickup coil, and multiple pick-ups can be powered from the same track. The paper describes the IPT concept, its design and technology, and discusses practical application to electrified monorail and automatic guided vehicles.
Erectile dysfunction: from biochemical pharmacology to advances in medical therapy (2000)

Research on penile smooth muscle physiology has increased the number of drugs available for treating erectile dysfunction (ED). Penile erection involves the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum. The key mediator of smooth muscle relaxation is nitric oxide (NO), which acts by increasing the cellular level of cGMP. Another cyclic nucleotide, cAMP, is involved in smooth muscle cell relaxation; cAMP formation is stimulated by a number of compounds, such as alprostadil. An increase in cAMP and/or cGMP levels can also be induced by inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes involved in cyclic nucleotide breakdown. Both papaverine and sildenafil are PDE inhibitors. Papaverine is a non-specific inhibitor of these enzymes; sildenafil is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of GMP-specific PDE5, the predominant isoenzyme metabolizing cGMP in the cells of the corpus cavernosum. Penile smooth muscle contraction, induced by adrenergic fibers through alpha(1) adrenoceptors, produces detumescence, thus making alpha adrenoceptor antagonists suitable for maintenance of penile erection. The orally active drug yohimbine is a mixed alpha(1)-alpha(2) adrenoceptor antagonist that works by a dual mechanism; it facilitates sexual arousal by acting on alpha(2) adrenoceptors in the central nervous system and blocks adrenergic influences at peripheral level.
Improved MPSO based eICIC algorithm for LTE-a ultra dense HetNets (2014)

In ultra dense heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the interference becomes more serious since multiple small cells coexist in the coverage area of the macrocells and share the same spectrum. An efficient interference coordination method is adjusting the transmit powers of all cells in a cooperative way. However, under practical serving cell selection rules in which serving cells of users alter with the variation of cell powers, finding optimal cell powers becomes a difficult problem. In this paper, an improved modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is proposed to tackle this difficult problem caused by the altering of serving cell. Local search and multi-restart process are introduced to guarantee the local and then global optimality, and the convergence conditions and global optimality are proved by mathematical deduction to guide the selection of the parameters. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve system throughput compared with existing algorithms which do not consider the alteration of serving cells. By improving MPSO, the proposed algorithm can spend less iteration time to achieve higher system throughput, and exhibit similar performance as exhaustive search in both system throughput and the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of users.
Characterization of the human Goodpasture antigen. (1987)

The glomerular basement membrane antigen involved in Goodpasture syndrome was purified from human kidneys. The antigen was solubilized by collagenase digestion and purified by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reversed phase HPLC. The monomer proteins (M1, M2*, and M3) were immunochemically compared with the corresponding bovine monomers and appeared to be identical. The Goodpasture reactivity was localized to the same monomer (M2*) as in bovine material. It could also be shown that eight out of nine patients with Goodpasture syndrome had circulating antibodies reacting with a crude collagenase digest of human glomerular basement membrane that could be inhibited by the active monomer peptide. The ninth patient had, besides antibodies to this peptide, antibodies to the 7S domain of type IV collagen. Further immunochemical studies indicate that all patients sera recognize the same site(s) on the monomer protein. Thus the major antigenic determinant(s) of Goodpasture syndrome resides in monomer M2* which is a constituent of the globular domain of collagen IV.
Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1994)

Abstract This article discusses the application of amorphous and crystalline films through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from the view point of microelectronic device fabrication. It describes the various types of PECVD reactors and deposition techniques. Plasma enhancement of the CVD process is discussed briefly. The article also describes the properties of amorphous and crystalline films deposited by the PECVD process for integrated circuit fabrication.
GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMID ONTO SILK FIBERS BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT (1968)

The effects of ultraviolet light on the graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto silk were studied and the following results were obtained.a) Benzophenone as a sensitizer of the ultraviolet light is very effective for the graft copolymerization of AM onto silk, and the higher the pH value of AM solution is, the greate the rate of graft copolymerization becomes.b) The average molecular weight of the Block and or graft polymerized PAM increases with the rising degree of copolymerization, but decreases with prolonging the irradiation time.c) The tensile strength, elongation and stiffness decrease with the rising degree of copolymerization because of the photochemical decompositions of silk fiber by the ultraviolet light.
Model-Based Regularization for Deep Reinforcement Learning with Transcoder Networks (2018)

This paper proposes a new optimization objective for value-based deep reinforcement learning. We extend conventional Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) by adding a model-learning component yielding a transcoder network. The prediction errors for the model are included in the basic DQN loss as additional regularizers. This augmented objective leads to a richer training signal that provides feedback at every time step. Moreover, because learning an environment model shares a common structure with the RL problem, we hypothesize that the resulting objective improves both sample efficiency and performance. We empirically confirm our hypothesis on a range of 20 games from the Atari benchmark attaining superior results over vanilla DQN without model-based regularization.
New impedance spectrometer for scientific and clinical studies of the respiratory system (2000)

The simple techniques generally used to investigate the biomechanical properties associated with the respiratory process are able to identify only basic characteristics, just supplying an initial representation of the complex behavior of the respiratory system. A much more detailed description can be obtained by the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Requiring very little cooperation of the subject, this technique allows a noninvasive evaluation of the mechanical impedance of the respiratory system. Although the FOT has a great scientific and clinical potential, this is attended by technical difficulties and has yet to be put to widespread use. In this context, this work describes a new flexible, open architecture, virtual-instrument-based impedance spectrometer for the FOT. After the design details are described, the system accuracy is evaluated investigating mechanical models simulating normal and individuals with restrictive disease. This analysis revealed errors smaller than 4% in modulus and 7° in phase. Experimental results obtained in a normal and an asthmatic subject, presented as examples, revealed mean resistance in asthmatic (5.72 cm H2O/l/s) higher than in normal (2.47 cm H2O/l/s). The mean-reactance curve revealed higher resonance frequency in the asthmatic subject (∼29 Hz) than in the normal one (∼9 Hz). A higher influence of the upper airways impedance of the asthmatic individual was also observed. These results are in close agreement with physiological fundamentals, supplying substantial evidence that this instrument can contribute to the production of more detailed biophysical respiratory descriptions and composes an improved basis for the fast and easy implementation of complex medical research projects.
Advances in Fecal Occult Blood Tests: The FIT Revolution (2014)

FOBT must be chosen carefully to meet the needs of the applicable screening scenario. Quantitative FIT can be adjusted to suit Scenarios 1, 2 and 3, and for each, they are the test of choice. FITs are superior to gFOBT for Scenario 4 and gFOBT is only suitable for Scenario 1.
Diagnosis and disease modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) refers to scattered areas of hardening found on sectioning central nervous system tissue of affected people, usually after many years of illness. It rarely causes early death but is the commonest cause of neurological disability among young people. Overall results from controlled trials over the past 50 years have been rather disappointing but the comparatively recent licensing of drugs such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate has led to a reappraisal of many aspects of MS. There are now new diagnostic criteria, which encompass developments in magnetic resonance imaging. Older clinical methods of measuring disease impact are now being re-evaluated to facilitate clinical trials of the approximate 150 new products currently being developed as potential disease modifying agents. The success and failure of agents that should be effective on theoretical grounds, together with advances in neuropathology, have led to fundamental questions regarding our basic understanding of disease pathogenesis being re-addressed.
Inoculation Techniques Used to Quantify Aflatoxin Resistance in Corn (2003)

The development of Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques has played an important part in developing corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm resistant to aflatoxin contamination. Corn genotypes evaluated for aflatoxin resistance in field studies must be artificially inoculated due to the sporadic nature of aflatoxin contamination from year to year. A number of different inoculation techniques are used by researchers in the South and Midwest. Field inoculation techniques either wound developing kernels or leave the kernels intact. Non‐wounding techniques apply A. flavus conidia to exposed silks or silks inside the husks without damaging kernels. Wounding techniques deliver A. flavus conidia onto kernels that have been mechanically damaged. Inoculation techniques utilizing ear feeding insects to vector conidia have also been used in field studies. Environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and drought stress appear to have a significant impact on artificial inoculations. Laboratory evaluation techniques have been developed to confirm aflatoxin resistance identified in corn genotypes in the field. Color mutants and transformants of Aspergillus spp. have been used in field and laboratory studies to identify resistant genotypes. More efficient, less labor intensive, and less costly inoculation techniques need to be developed to aid in the production of aflatoxin resistant corn hybrids.
Efficient renaturation and fibrinolytic properties of prourokinase and a deletion mutant expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> as inclusion bodies (1991)

Prourokinase is a plasminogen activator of 411 amino acids which displays a clot-lysis activity through a fibrin-dependent mechanism, and which seems to be a promising agent for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The preparation of recombinant prourokinase in bacteria has been hampered by its insolubility and by difficulty in refolding the polypeptide chain. In this paper we describe the renaturation process of two recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies: prourokinase and a deletion derivative (delta 125-prourokinase) in which 125 amino acids of the N-terminal region have been removed. Deletion of this sequence brings to higher refolding yields and faster kinetics (first-order rate constant of renaturation of 0.57 h-1 for delta 125-prourokinase and 0.25 h-1 for prourokinase). Our process involves sequential steps of denaturation, reduction and controlled refolding of the polypeptide chain. When applied to pure, non-glycosylated and active prourokinase, it gives a refolding yield of about 80%, demonstrating the efficiency of the renaturation procedure. Lower yields (15% and 30%, respectively, for prourokinase and delta 125-prourokinase) were obtained when the same refolding protocol was applied to inclusion bodies from bacteria. After purification to homogeneity (as shown by HPLC and SDS/PAGE) specific activities were 160,000 and 250,000 IU/mg protein, respectively, for prourokinase and delta 125-prourokinase. As with prourokinase, the deletion mutant delta 125-prourokinase displays a zymogenic nature, being activated by plasmin to the active two-chain form; however, this mutant is approximately fourfold more resistant than prourokinase to plasmin activation, and consequently shows a different fibrinolytic profile.
Differential apoptotic behaviors of c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc oncoproteins. (1998)

c-, N-, and L-myc are related nuclear oncoproteins that bind similar DNA sites and cooperate with activated ras oncogenes to transform primary fibroblasts. Although c-myc can also promote apoptosis in some cells after growth factor withdrawal or exposure to cytotoxic agents, roles for N- and L-myc in apoptosis remain undetermined. To address this, c-, N-, or L-myc were stably expressed in the interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent 32D hematopoietic cell line. The apoptotic response of each cell line was assessed after IL-3 withdrawal or treatment with four structurally unrelated cytotoxic agents. All three oncoproteins accelerated apoptosis after IL-3 withdrawal. In contrast, whereas c-myc overexpression generally sensitized cells to cytotoxic drugs, N-myc and L-myc overexpression produced resistance. myc expression tended to be associated with a more robust G2-M arrest after drug exposure, but this did not correlate with drug sensitivity or resistance. Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) protected control cells against apoptosis after either IL-3 withdrawal or drug exposure, although in some cases this effect could be overridden by myc oncoproteins, particularly N-myc and L-myc. Our results suggest that the apoptotic pathways activated upon IL-3 withdrawal and cytotoxic drug treatment are distinct and differentially affected by members of the myc and Bcl-2 families.
Dynamics of sleep-wake transitions during sleep (2002)

We study the dynamics of the awakening during the night for healthy subjects and find that the wake and the sleep periods exhibit completely different behavior: the durations of wake periods are characterized by a scale-free power-law distribution, while the durations of sleep periods have an exponential distribution with a characteristic time scale. We find that the characteristic time scale of sleep periods changes throughout the night. In contrast, there is no measurable variation in the power-law behavior for the durations of wake periods. We develop a stochastic model which agrees with the data and suggests that the difference in the dynamics of sleep and wake states arises from the constraints on the number of microstates in the sleep-wake system.
Alcohol Dispersions of Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Stone Conservation (2013)

Alcohol dispersions of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, the so-called nanolimes, are emerging as an effective conservation material for the consolidation of stone, mortars, and plasters present in old masonry and/or mural paintings. To better understand how this treatment operates, to optimize its performance and broaden its applications, here we study the nano and microstructural characteristics, carbonation behavior, and consolidation efficacy of colloidal alcohol dispersions of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles produced by both homogeneous (commercial nanolime) and heterogeneous phase synthesis (aged slaked lime and carbide lime putties). We observe that the alcohol not only provides a high colloidal stability to Ca(OH)2 particles, but also affects the kinetics of carbonation and CaCO3 polymorph selection. This is due to the pseudomorphic replacement of Ca(OH)2 particles by calcium alkoxides upon reaction with ethanol or 2-propanol. The extent of this replacement reaction depends on Ca(OH)2 size and time. Hydrolysis of alkoxides speeds up the carbonation process and increases the CaCO3 yield. The higher degree of transformation into calcium alkoxide of both the commercial nanolime and the carbide lime fosters metastable vaterite formation, while calcite precipitation is promoted upon carbonation of the aged slaked lime due its lower reactivity, which limits calcium alkoxide formation. A higher consolidation efficacy in terms of strength gain of treated porous stone is achieved in the latter case, despite the fact that the carbonation is much faster and reaches a higher yield in the former ones. Formation of alkoxides, which has been neglected in previous studies, needs to be considered when applying nanolime treatments. These results show that the use Ca(OH)2 nanoparticle dispersions prepared with either aged slaked lime or carbide lime putties is an economical and effective conservation alternative to commercial nanolimes produced by homogeneous phase synthesis. Ultimately, this study contributes to show that nanotechnology can help saving the built and sculptural heritage.
Rotational Coupling of the Transmembrane and Kinase Domains of the Neu Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2000)

Ligand binding to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulates receptor dimerization and activation of the kinase domain. To examine the role of the transmembrane domain in regulation of RTK activation, we have exploited a simplified transmembrane motif, [VVVEVVV](n), previously shown to activate the Neu receptor. Here we demonstrate rotational linkage of the transmembrane domain with the kinase domain, as evidenced by a periodic activation of Neu as the dimerization motif is shifted across the transmembrane domain. These results indicate that activation requires a specific orientation of the kinase domains with respect to each other. Results obtained with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta suggest that this rotational linkage of the transmembrane domain to the kinase domain may be a general feature of RTKs. These observations suggest that activating mutations in RTK transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains will be limited to those residues that position the kinase domains in an allowed rotational conformation.
DNS: A multi-scale deconvolution semantic segmentation network for joint detection and segmentation (2019)

Real-time semantic segmentation has become crucial in many applications such as medical image analysis and autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce a single semantic segmentation network, called DNS, for joint object detection and segmentation task. We take advantage of multi-scale deconvolution mechanism to perform real time computations. To this goal, down-scale and up-scale streams are utilized to combine the multi-scale features for the final detection and segmentation task. By using the proposed DNS, not only the tradeoff between accuracy and cost but also the balance of detection and segmentation performance are settled. Experimental results for PASCAL VOC datasets show competitive performance for joint object detection and segmentation task.
Fast approximation algorithms for multicommodity flow problems (1991)

All previously known algorithms for solving the multicommodity flow problem with capacities are based on linear programming.