gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a brief retrospective (2005)

Abstract The electromagnetic theory of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), despite its simplicity, can account for all major SERS observations, including: the need for a nanostructured material as the SERS‐active system; the observation that some metals form good SERS‐active systems while others do not; the observation that strongly interacting metal nanoparticles result in very much more effective SERS‐active systems; the observed polarization sensitivity shown by nanoparticle aggregates; and the optical behavior of nanostructured metals in the absence of a molecular adsorbate. By extending the ideas inherent in the electromagnetic model one can also understand the seminal features reported for single‐molecule SERS, including the puzzling observation that only a few silver ‘particles’ in an ensemble are ‘hot’ (they are appropriately structured nanoparticle clusters) and that for a hot particle, once one is able to observe SERS, adding more adsorbate does not significantly alter the intensity (once the electromagnetic hot spot is occupied, adding adsorbate to other sites on the nanoparticle cluster will not add greatly to the observed intensity). However, the electromagnetic model does not account for all that is learned through SERS. Molecular resonances, charge‐transfer transitions and other processes such as ballistic electrons transiently probing the region where the molecule resides and then modulating electronic processes of the metal as a result certainly contribute to the rich information SERS reports; and by virtue of the fact that these contributions will vary from molecule to molecule, they will constitute the most interesting aspects reported by SERS. But, the overall reason why SERS produces such inordinate enhancements is largely an electromagnetic property of nanostructures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation by growth factors and extracellular matrix. (1995)

Poorly differentiated MATLyLu rat prostate cancer cells are resistant to the growth inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 in vivo, but are inhibited by TGF-beta 1 in vitro. However, TGF-beta 1 inhibited proliferation only when the cells were plated at low density in serum-free medium (concentration for 50% of maximum inhibition, 0.1 ng/ml). TGF-beta 1 was not growth inhibitory when cells were plated at high density, or at low density in 0.5% serum. At low cell density in serum-free medium, 0.5 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 caused maximum inhibition. In the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/ml), TGF-beta 1 did not inhibit proliferation. In the presence of epidermal growth factor (50 ng/ml), TGF-beta 1 inhibited proliferation by only 18%. Growth inhibition by TGF-beta 1 was less effective on extracellular matrix than on plastic. The ability of high cell density, serum, growth factors, or extracellular matrix to prevent or blunt the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 in vitro probably explains why TGF-beta 1 does not inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Thus, prostate cancer cells express high levels of TGF-beta and retain exquisite sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-beta, but have devised a way to protect themselves from growth inhibition by TGF-beta in vivo. TGF-beta 1 stimulated MATLyLu cell motility even at high cell density, suggesting that TGF-beta 1 might affect motility even in vivo and contribute to the aggressiveness of the tumor, without affecting proliferation.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of SiO2-treated ZnO Nanocrystalline Electrode for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (2007)

Abstract SiO2-coated ZnO nanocrystalline electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) showed greatly enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency up to 5.2% under AM 1.5 global one sun condition, because of the increased surface stability to acidic dye molecules.
Contamination monitoring and control on ASML MS-VII 157-nm exposure tool (2004)

This paper presents results of monitoring and control of contaminants in an ASML MS-VII 157nm full-field exposure tool at IMEC, as verified lithographically in terms of field uniformity, lens transmission, CD uniformity, and scattered light. The daily contamination monitoring system utilizes in-line photo-ionization detector, oxygen and moisture analyzers, as well as chemiluminescent detector, and gas chromatograph that is coupled to a mass spectrometer. On a monthly basis, contamination monitoring was performed with thermal desorption-gas chromatographi/mass spectrometric techniques. The following four locations within the optical path of the MS-VII are monitored: source optic assembly, condenser lens optic, 1X relay station, and projection optics box. Contamination control is realized in the system with an on-board purge control unit, which is equipped with gas purifiers that remove contaminants such as H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sub>2</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, hydrocarbons, H<sub>2</sub>, and sulfur compounds. All the observed contaminants have been trending within expected values and no contamination-related tool performance degradation has been observed. The excursions observed in the contaminant concentrations are coincident with tool downtime/maintenance events. Siloxane levels appear to be consistently below 50 ppt in all the monitored locations within the optical path of the tool, except on one occasion when it reached 90 ppt in the projection optics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration within the MS-VII enclosure show a stable background level of around 10-25 ppb during weekends and levels of 45-60 ppb (during working days). VOCs concentration variations inside the MS-VII enclosure during the working days correlate well with activities inside the clean room. Air recirculation and low intake of fresh air inside the MS-VII tend to slow down the speed with which the VOCs levels decreases to stable background level, whenever there was a major upward excursion in their concentration. Average light intensity through the projection optics correlates well with oxygen concentration. The average light intensity transmission through the PO lens has shown a steady increase over time due to in-situ laser cleaning with oxygen.
Research and development of LBS system based on BREW (2006)

In wireless LBS business,it is very urgent to solve the problem on how to combine the application based on intelligent mobile telephone withlocation technology.Aftercompared with other mobileplatform,the advantages and characteristics of BREW application in LBS system are analyzed.Main functions and key technology of location star system are elaborated in detail.Developing flow and characteristics of exercise in BREW application are also presented.At last,the future of BREW application is discussed.
Improving Medication Knowledge Among Older Adults With Heart Failure: A Patient-Centered Approach to Instruction Design (2005)

The findings suggest that the patient-centered format may improve printed medication instructions available in many pharmacies, which should help older adults to better understand how to take their medications.
The Benefits of Estimated Global Information in DHT Load Balancing (2011)

Distributed hash tables (DHT) often rely on uniform hashing for balancing the load among their nodes. However, the most overloaded node may still have a load up to O(log N) times higher than the average load. DHTs with support for range queries cannot rely on hashing to fairly balance the system's load since hashing destroys the order of the stored items. Ensuring a fair load distribution is vital to avoid individual nodes becoming overloaded, potentially leading to node crashes or an incentive not to participate in the system. In both scenarios explicit load balancing schemes can help to spread the load more evenly. In this paper, we improve on existing algorithms for item-based active load balancing by relying on approximations of global properties. We show that the algorithms can be made more efficient by incorporating estimates of properties such as the average load and the standard deviation. Our algorithms reduce the network traffic induced by load balancing while achieving a better load balance than standard algorithms. We also show that these improvements can be applied to passive load balancing algorithms. Compared to DHTs without explicit load balancing, both variants are able to reduce the total maintenance traffic, i.e. item movements due to churn and load balancing, by up to 18%. Simultaneously the system is being balanced achieving a better load distribution.
A Method of Artificial Reverberation Quality Testing (1990)

New cross-correlation criteria of the quality of artificial reverberation are proposed, having been verified experimentally. The criteria permit assessing the reverberator program structure with regard to the properties of the processed signal. A method for determining the quality of artificial reverberation based on the proposed criteria is presented and discussed
[Histological changes related to scleral buckling for treatment of retinal detachment]. (1999)

Treatment of retinal detachment frequently uses biocompatible materials to obtain scleral buckling. These materials are not devoid of consequences on surrounding tissues. In 3 eyes enucleated for failure of surgical treatment using scleral buckling materials, the changes prompted by episcleral implants could be observed. The sclera underwent both an inversion of its curvature and a reduction of its thickness under the material, as well as an encapsulation of the material was observed. While a silicone sponge was used in part to encircle one of these eyes, its capsular inner surface was regular and smooth. In contrast, hydrogel implants used in the three eyes showed a peripheral fragmentation prompting in two of them a typical foreign body giant cell granulomatous reaction. Changes in scleral curvature and scleral thinning were observed reflecting the consequences of the buckling procedure. The capsule formation occurred as it does for any nonabsorbable matérial implanted in tissues. Degradation and fragmentation of the hydrogel material suscitated a granuloma in response to fragments. These hydrogel specific changes should be recognized on microscopic examination of slides of either capsule or eyes previously in contact with this implanted material. They attested of the instability of hydrogel after implantation.
Leptospira interrogans Stably Infects Zebrafish Embryos, Altering Phagocyte Behavior and Homing to Specific Tissues (2009)

Leptospirosis is an extremely widespread zoonotic infection with outcomes ranging from subclinical infection to fatal Weil's syndrome. Despite the global impact of the disease, key aspects of its pathogenesis remain unclear. To examine in detail the earliest steps in the host response to leptospires, we used fluorescently labelled Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni to infect 30 hour post fertilization zebrafish embryos by either the caudal vein or hindbrain ventricle. These embryos have functional innate immunity but have not yet developed an adaptive immune system. Furthermore, they are optically transparent, allowing direct visualization of host-pathogen interactions from the moment of infection. We observed rapid uptake of leptospires by phagocytes, followed by persistent, intracellular infection over the first 48 hours. Phagocytosis of leptospires occasionally resulted in formation of large cellular vesicles consistent with apoptotic bodies. By 24 hours, clusters of infected phagocytes were accumulating lateral to the dorsal artery, presumably in early hematopoietic tissue. Our observations suggest that phagocytosis may be a key defense mechanism in the early stages of leptospirosis, and that phagocytic cells play roles in immunopathogenesis and likely in the dissemination of leptospires to specific target tissues.
A modified K$ecirc$ torsional pendulum for stress and strain relaxation measurements (1968)

A simple modification to a Kê torsion pendulum is described which permits precise stress and strain relaxation measurements to be made for short wire samples. The original Kê pendulum incorporates the sample as the suspension of a moving coil galvanometer and the provision of torsionless leads to the coil presents a major difficulty. In this modification the sample becomes the suspension of a simple magnetometer so that the need for direct connection to the torsion system is removed.
Space mid-IR detectors from DRS (2003)

The Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detector was invented in the early 1980's and subsequently developed by our team. The original arsenic-doped silicon (Si:As) detectors addressed the need for low-noise, radiation-tolerant, mid-IR detectors for defense surveillance from space. We have since developed large-format BIB focal plane arrays to address high-background requirements of ground-based telescopes and missile interceptors, low-background requirements of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), and very low background requirements of the mid-IR instruments for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) and Terrestrial Planet Finder. Most of these applications employ Si:As BIB detectors, but antimony-doped silicon (Si:Sb) BIB detectors are used for some SIRTF bands. Other demonstrated types including phosphorus (Si:P) and gallium-doped (Si:Ga) BIB detectors may have application niches. We have proposed development of a BIB detector type utilizing both Si:As and Si:P layers to optimize dark current vs. wavelength performance. Wavelength response for silicon BIB detectors extend to a maximum of ~40 microns (Si:Sb), but we have also demonstrated germanium BIB detectors for wavelengths extending to several hundred microns. We are currently developing germanium BIB detector arrays for astrophysics applications, including space telescopes beyond NGST.
Novel 3D culture system for study of cardiac myocyte development (2003)

Insufficient myocardial repair after pathological processes contributes to cardiovascular disease, which is a major health concern. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac myocytes will aid in designing therapies for myocardial repair. Models are needed to delineate these molecular mechanisms. Here we report the development of a model system that recapitulates many aspects of cardiac myocyte differentiation that occur during early cardiac development. A key component of this model is a novel three-dimensional tubular scaffold engineered from aligned type I collagen strands. In this model embryonic ventricular myocytes undergo a transition from a hyperplastic to a quiescent phenotype, display significant myofibrillogenesis, and form critical cell-cell connections. In addition, embryonic cardiac myocytes grown on the tubular substrate have an aligned phenotype that closely resembles in vivo neonatal ventricular myocytes. We propose that embryonic cardiac myocytes grown on the tube substrate develop into neonatal cardiac myocytes via normal in vivo mechanisms. This model will aid in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiac myocyte proliferation and differentiation, which will provide important insights into myocardial development.
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE FROM SILICON DEVICES -A TOOL FOR DEVICE AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION- (1988)

The light distribution generated by electroluminescence phenomena inside silicon devices yields information on the functioning of the devices as well as on the materials used. An improved camera system has been installed, with a spectral sensitivity from near UV to near IR (300-1200nm) allowing the registration of various electrolumiscence phenomena, with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain: The UK primary care perspective (2006)

The true incidence of neuropathic pain is unknown, but it is believed to be under-diagnosed and treated inadequately, despite the availability of drugs with proven efficacy. Our objective was to report the epidemiology and drug treatment of neuropathic pain as managed by UK primary care physicians. A descriptive analysis of the epidemiology of incident post-herpetic neuralgia (n=12,386); trigeminal neuralgia (8268); phantom limb pain (451) and painful diabetic neuropathy (4719) and prescription treatment at diagnosis from computerised UK general practice records (GPRD): January 1992 to April 2002. Incidences per 100,000 person years observation of 40 (95% CI 39-41) for post-herpetic neuralgia, 27 (26-27) for trigeminal neuralgia, 1 (1-2) for phantom limb pain and 15 (15-16) for painful diabetic neuropathy are reported, with rates decreasing over time for phantom limb pain and post-herpetic neuralgia and increasing for painful diabetic neuropathy. Drugs were initiated at first diagnosis record for 46-66% of conditions, usually one item, with antidepressants included in 30% of prescriptions, anticonvulsants in 20% and opioid analgesics in 20%. The most commonly prescribed items were the same across conditions; amitriptyline, carbamazepine, coproxamol, codydramol and codeine+paracetamol. Carbamazepine was prescribed to 58% of the trigeminal neuralgia cohort. In 2600 patients followed to stable therapy, there was a median of one to two drug changes. We provide the primary care managed incidence of four neuropathic pain conditions. For commonly prescribed treatments, changes in therapy are less frequent when initial therapy was with antidepressants or anticonvulsants rather than conventional analgesics.
Parylene-C as High Performance Encapsulation Material for Implantable Sensors (2014)

This work presents high performance multilayer coatings for a wide range of applications and substrate materials including medical implants and implantable bio-transducers. This was done by combining the glow discharge polymerization and the chemical vapor deposition of Parylene-C processes in a special designed cluster-closed coating system. An outstanding performance of the resulting multilayer in terms of adhesion to substrate and barrier properties was observed by performing the wet adhesion test in normal saline (0.9% NaCl).
Activation of antigen-enriched b cells. I. Purification and response to thymus-independent antigens. (1983)

The development of a procedure for the selection of a large number of functional antigen-binding B cells is described. Forty to 70% of the cells in the enriched population bind antigen, and the antigen-binding can be inhibited by pretreatment with either the free hapten (TNP-Lys) or anti-immunoglobulin. The enriched cells express both slgM and slgD and respond to mitogenic stimuli by proliferating and developing into antibody-forming cells. In contrast to normal spleen cells, however, the enriched cells also proliferate in response to submitogenic levels of TNP-Brucella abortus and TNP-LPS.
Low-power design techniques for pipelined analog-to-digital converters (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Landing Gear Design (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Functional Analysis and Design Requirements Landing Gear Configuration Fixed, Retractable, or Separable Landing Gear Landing Gear Geometry Landing Gear and Aircraft Center of Gravity Landing Gear Mechanical Subsystems/Parameters Landing Gear Design Steps Landing Gear Design Example Problems References
Chiral Polyolefins Bearing Amino Acids (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTChiral Polyolefins Bearing Amino AcidsTimothy E. Hopkins, James H. Pawlow, Daniel L. Koren, Kim S. Deters, Suzanne M. Solivan, Josh A. Davis, Fernando J. Gómez, and Kenneth B. WagenerView Author Information The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200 Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 23, 7920–7922Publication Date (Web):October 12, 2001Publication History Received29 May 2001Revised28 August 2001Published online12 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma010930ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma010930irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Hydrocarbons,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A 4/spl times/64 pixel CMOS image sensor for 3D measurement applications (2003)

A 4/spl times/64 pixel CMOS image sensor which can capture three-dimensional images has been integrated in a 0.5/spl mu/m n-well standard CMOS processes. It is based on time-of-flight method and employs an active laser pulse illumination at 900nm optical wavelength. System bandwidth is limited by the refreshing time of the active laser source. The sensor employs the so-called "multiple double short time integration" (MDSI) method which enables compensation of background irradiance and correction of reflectivity variations in the object scene. The chip operates at 3.3V power supply voltage and a clock frequency of 5MHz, which yields a frame rate of 19.5 kHz. It has a fast synchronous shutter operating down to 30nsec. The pixel pitch is 130/spl mu/m /spl times/ 300 /spl mu/m and the total chip area is 58.3mm/sup 2/.
THE ROLE OF THE SIGMA FACTOR σ<sup>s</sup> (KatF) IN BACTERIAL GLOBAL REGULATION (1994)

The protein encoded by katF (also known as nur, appR, csi-2, abrD, and rpoS in various alleles) has been biochemically confirmed to be an alternate sigma transcription factor and renamed sigma S. Its synthesis is controlled transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally by as yet undefined mechanisms that are active well into stationary phase. sigma S controls a regulon of 30 or more genes expressed in response to starvation and during the transition to stationary phase. Proteins in the regulon, many of which have not been characterized, enhance long-term survival in nutrient-deficient medium and have a diverse group of functions including protection against DNA damage, the determination of morphological changes, the mediation of virulence, osmoprotection, and thermotolerance. Differential expression of subfamilies of genes within the regulon is effected by supplementary regulatory factors, working both individually and in combination to modulate activity of different sigma S-dependent promoters.