gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast laser micromachining with a liquid film (2001)

A significant advantage of ultrafast laser processing is that very small feature sizes can be produced for a variety of materials, which makes them a powerful new tool for micromachining and microfabrication. However, one obstacle in producing high feature quality is material redeposition, which degrades the feature quality and repeatability. To avoid these effects, processing has traditionally been performed in a vacuum chamber, however this makes real-time processing on a large scale, e.g., an assembly line, impractical. This work presents a technique to reduce material redeposition during ultrafast laser processing by applying a confined liquid film with known thickness on top of the target surface. Experiments are performed using Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser pulses to drill holes and machine grooves on a copper plate with and without a liquid film formed by distilled water. The results show that improved feature quality can be obtained for groove machining using a liquid film, with little material redeposition observed, though the material removal rate is reduced due to the presence of a water overcoat and the plasma shielding effect. This technique shows potential as a method to obtain high feature quality without the need of a vacuum chamber.
Zeolite phi: a physical mixture of chabazite and offretite (1992)

Zeolite Phi is synthesized by two methods reported previously. Results from X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy suggest that the materials are physical mixtures of chabazite and offretite; one sample has a small amount of phillipsite. The X-ray powder diffraction data from these samples, and those reported previously, are indexed and their unit-cell parameters compare well to those obtained from a physical mixture of chabazite and offretite. These samples show multiple particle morphologies that are indicative of physical mixtures. Zeolite Phi is concluded to be a physical mixture of chabazite and offretite and we suggest that the use of the name zeolite Phi be discontinued.
Health related quality of life in colorectal cancer patients: state of the art (2013)

Despite that CRC patients have a relatively good QoL compared with the general population, a wide range of intervention could be undertaken to improve their QoL. The finding of this review may be useful for cancer clinicians in taking therapy and surveillance-related decisions. However, future research should be directed to large-scale prospective studies using well validated QoL instruments to facilitate comparison of results.
Excess loop delay effects in continuous-time delta-sigma modulators and the compensation solution (2002)

In this paper, we show that excess loop delay seriously degrades the performance of continuous-time delta-sigma modulators (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/M's). It is then demonstrated in theory that the effect can be alleviated by tuning the feedback digital-to-analog converter pulse-shaping coefficients.
Swimming of magnetic micro-machines under a very wide-range of Reynolds number conditions (2001)

A magnetic micro-machine, a minuscule device composed of a cylindrical body with a magnet and spiral blade, swims in liquid under the force of a rotational magnetic field. To obtain a machine capable of swimming through organs and blood vessels for medical applications, it must be designed on a scale below the mm order and retain its swimming capability under highly varied conditions. The swimming properties of a spiral-type magnetic micro-machine were examined under various Reynolds number conditions by altering the kinematic viscosity of the liquid. The machine could swim in liquids with kinematic viscosities ranging from 1.37 to 5/spl times/10/sup 5/ mm/sup 2//s, which translates into a Reynolds number from 430 to 6/spl times/10/sup -7/. The Reynolds number of blood flow is within this range. In addition, the load torque for swimming was studied theoretically and experimentally. The results obtained suggested great promise for the development of a micro-machine that can be put to work inside the human body.
Corrosion inhibition properties of graphene oxide on mild steel in 3.5% NaCl (2016)

In this work the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 3.5% Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at ambient conditions by Graphene Oxide (GO) has been studied. Graphene oxide was prepared by Modified Hummers Method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of mild steel has been studied in the absence and presence of GO coatings by Tafel polarization and impedance analyses. The modified electrode has 44.8mV potential shift in the cathodic direction and reduction in current by 41.9 μA (61%). This indicates the strong protection offered by graphene oxide film. The obtained impedance spectra also clearly show that the charge transfer resistance of graphene oxide film is much higher than that of the uncoated steel electrode, demonstrating the strong protection offered by graphene oxide films for mild steel.
Integrating superscalar processor components to implement register caching (2001)

A large logical register file is important to allow effective compiler transformations or to provide a windowed space of registers to allow fast function calls. Unfortunately, a large logical register file can be slow, particularly in the context of a wide-issue processor which requires an even larger physical register file, and many read and write ports. Previous work has suggested that a register cache can be used to address this problem. This paper proposes a new register caching mechanism in which a number of good features from previous approaches are combined with existing out-of-order processor hardware to implement a register cache for a large logical register file. It does so by separating the logical register file from the physical register file and using a modified form of register renaming to make the cache easy to implement. The physical register file in this configuration contains fewer entries than the logical register file and is designed so that the physical register file acts as a cache for the logical register file, which is the backing store. The tag information in this caching technique is kept in the register alias table and the physical register file. It is found that the caching mechanism improves IPC up to 20% over an un-cached large logical register file and has performance near to that of a logical register file that is both large and fast.
New developments in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy (2003)

Recent advances have improved the capability of CARS microscopy for imaging live cells with high sensitivity. In this contribution an overview of the developments in CARS microscopy is given along with applications to cell biology.
[Central serous chorioretinopathy--treatment with beta blockers]. (1998)

The authors present an account on their first experience with treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCHR) by beta-blocking agents. In 21 patients with CSCHR Trimepranol (metipranololum) a beta non-selective blocker, 2 x 10 mg/day for two to three months was used. In 30 patients with CSCHR Vasocardin (Metoprololi tartas) was used i.e. a beta-1 selective blocking agent, 2 x 50 mg/day for two to three months. In all patients remission of the disease occurred, on average 4.5 to 4.8 weeks after the onset of treatment. During treatment of CSCHR by beta-blocking agents no significant difference was found in the action of beta selective and non-selective blockers regardless of the duration of the disease before onset of treatment and the number of relapses.
The globular domains of PGM/versican modulate the proliferation‐apoptosis equilibrium and invasive capabilities of tumor cells (2004)

To dissect the role of the globular domains of PGM/versican--a large hyaluronan binding proteoglycan (PG) enriched in tumor lesions--we have stably transduced a human leiomyosarcoma cell line with either the G1 or G3 domain of the PG and subsequently assayed the effect of this manipulation on several cellular processes in vitro and in vivo. G1- and G3-overexpressing cells were found to exhibit an enhanced growth that was more accentuated in the absence of serum components and was seen both when cells were cultured on ECM substrates and in the absence of ECM anchorage. Accordingly, if inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice, G1 transfectants formed larger tumor masses than control cells at the site of implantation, albeit after a certain latency period. Upon binding to cell surface CD44, proliferation of G1-, but not G3-, overexpressing cells were dose dependently inhibited by exogenous hyaluronan (HA) or HA fragments. G1- and G3-transduced cells did not differ in their intrinsic ability to adhere and migrate on various purified ECM components, whereas G1-overproducing sarcoma cells were more invasive than the corresponding G3 mutants, and their locomotion was perturbed by exogenous HA. The augmented anchorage-independent growth exhibited solely by G1-transduced was largely ascribable to a reduced apoptotic rate, thereby indicating a shift in the proliferation--apoptosis equilibrium of the cells toward the former. In fact, G1-overexpressing cells appeared resistant to both cytotoxic drug-induced and Fas-dependent programmed cell death, and this resistance implicated mitochondrial apoptotic genes. The results indicate that the terminal domains of versican may differentially control propagation of tumor cells and diversely modulate their responses to environmental HA.
Evaluation of in vitro-in vivo correlation and anticonvulsive effect of carbamazepine after cogrinding with microcrystalline cellulose. (2006)

Cogrinding was an effective technique in increasing carbamazepine dissolution due to reduced crystallinity as seen in X-ray pattern, enhanced wettability and decreased particle size, which in turn resulted in increased serum concentrations and its anticonvulsive effect. A novel simple deconvolusion technique not requiring intravenous data denoted as the double reciprocal area method was used to establish correlation between in vitro and in vivo parameters.
Immunochemical studies on blood groups. XLII. Isolation and characterization from ovarian cyst fluid of a blood group substance lacking A, B, H, Lea and Leb specificity. (1969)

Summary A blood group “inactive” glycoprotein was isolated from the ovarian cyst fluid of a Nigerian (OG.). The analytical properties of the purified material correspond closely to those reported for the other human blood group substances, except for the unusually low fucose content. The OG. substance is devoid of A, B, H and Le activity and shows a high cross-reactivity with type XIV antipneumococcal serum. This material probably represents a precursor of blood group macromolecules bearing the A, B, H. Le a and Le b specificities. Analytical and immunochemical data are reported on two glycoprotein fractions isolated from gastric cancer.
Identification of a tHyroid Hormone Receptor That Is Pituitary-Specific (1989)

Three cellular homologs of the v-erbA oncogene were previously identified in the rat; two of them encode high affinity receptors for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). A rat complementary DNA clone encoding a T3 receptor form of the ErbA protein, called r-ErbA beta-2, was isolated. The r-ErbA beta-2 protein differs at its amino terminus from the previously described rat protein encoded by c-erbA beta and referred to as r-ErbA beta-1. Unlike the other members of the c-erbA proto-oncogene family, which have a wide tissue distribution, r-erbA beta-2 appears to be expressed only in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, thyroid hormone downregulates r-erbA beta-2 messenger RNA but not r-erbA beta-1 messenger RNA in a pituitary tumor-derived cell line. The presence of a pituitary-specific form of the thyroid hormone receptor that may be selectively regulated by thyroid hormone could be important for the differential regulation of gene expression by T3 in the pituitary gland.
The mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle (2007)

Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria might both modulate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta Psi m) to limit ATP production. To investigate how physiological Ca2+ signaling might affect energy production, delta Psi m was examined during Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells. In single, voltage-clamped smooth muscle cells, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation inhibited inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]-evoked Ca2+ release and prolonged the time required for restoration of [Ca2+]c following activation of plasmalemmal Ca2+ currents (ICa). Ca2+ could be released from mitochondria immediately (within 15 seconds) after a [Ca2+]c rise evoked by Ins(1,4,5)P3 or ICa. Despite this evidence of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, no change in delta Psi m was observed during single or repetitive [Ca2+]c oscillations evoked by these conditions. Occasionally, spontaneous, repetitive, persistent Ca 2+ oscillations were observed. In these cases, mitochondria displayed stochastic delta Psi m depolarizations, which were independent both of events in neighboring mitochondria and of the timing of the [Ca 2+]c oscillations themselves. Such delta Psi m depolarizations could be mimicked by increased exposure to either fluorescence excitation light or the delta Psi m-sensitive dye tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and were inhibited by antioxidants (ascorbic acid, catalase, Trolox and TEMPO) or the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Individual mitochondria within smooth muscle cells might depolarize during repetitive Ca2+ oscillations or during oxidative stress but not during the course of single [Ca2+]c transients evoked by Ca2+ influx or store release.
Adaptive handover scheme for evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services in long‐term evolution networks (2014)

The evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services (E‐MBMS) can bring television (TV) services to a small mobile phone. The E‐MBMS has been proposed in the third generation partnership project long‐term evolution standardisation to support both normal mobile phone and mobile TV capabilities on a single device. As the E‐MBMS delivers the same content simultaneously to multiple E‐MBMS users sharing the same subframe in the multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area and has the benefit of short handover latency when handover occurs within the MBSFN area; it is important to increase the number of E‐MBMS users to be supported within the MBSFN area in order to achieve better performance in terms of spectral efficiency and handover latency. To obtain the advantages mentioned above, the proposed adaptive handover scheme increases the handover hysteresis margin (HM) when an E‐MBMS user moves from the serving MBSFN area to the target non‐MBSFN area and decreases the handover HM when an E‐MBMS user travels from the serving non‐MBSFN area to the target MBSFN area. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of E‐MBMS users in the MBSFN area. Also, it is shown that the lower handover latency can be achieved by reducing the additional handover signalling message exchanges.
A worldwide, web-based study of the attitudes of college freshmen toward computing (2000)

We propose to initiate a worldwide survey of colleges and universities to re-evaluate attitudes of students toward computing courses. In 1985, a study of college freshmen was conducted to determine their attitudes toward introductory computer science courses [10]. At that time, access to and experience with computers was not the norm for the typical student about to enter the university. The 1985 study found that females, as well as students with no computer experience, reported the most negative encounters with computing. We intend to expand the original study, delving into whether or not the programming language learned, compiler and operating system used, peer and parental attitudes, as well as other factors, influence a student's attitude toward computing. We are particularly interested in examining these attitudes from the standpoint of women and minorities, those who are still least likely to have prior, in-depth computer experience. Additionally, with the ease of communication due to email and the internet, we believe it is of interest to computing educators worldwide to participate in such a study. We will provide a survey instrument, a set of World Wide Web tools, and a database. Faculty and their classes from around the world will be encouraged to participate. Each institution will be able to immediately compare the profile of their students with those of other schools. We will provide search capabilities on several key fields in order to facilitate participant data analysis. We foresee the results of our survey generating a dialogue among educators and possibly changing the direction of and/or way in which computer science is taught.
Implications of structures of synaptic tetramers of γδ resolvase for the mechanism of recombination (2006)

The structures of two mutants of the site-specific recombinase, gammadelta resolvase, that form activated tetramers have been determined. One, at 3.5-A resolution, forms a synaptic intermediate of resolvase that is covalently linked to two cleaved DNAs, whereas the other is of an unliganded structure determined at 2.1-A resolution. Comparisons of the four known tetrameric resolvase structures show that the subunits interact through the formation of a common core of four helices. The N-terminal halves of these helices superimpose well on each other, whereas the orientations of their C termini are more variable. The catalytic domains of resolvase in the unliganded structure are arranged asymmetrically, demonstrating that their positions can move substantially while preserving the four-helix core that forms the tetramer. These results suggest that the precleavage synaptic tetramer of gammadelta resolvase, whose structure is not known, may be formed by a similar four-helix core, but differ in the relative orientations of its catalytic and DNA-binding domains.
Ecology‐based screen identifies new metabolites from a <i>Cordyceps</i>‐colonizing fungus as cancer cell proliferation inhibitors and apoptosis inducers (2009)

Gliocladicillins A (1) and B (2) are effective anti-tumour agents in vitro and in vivo and should be further evaluated for their potential in clinical use.
Fiberglass Surface and Its Electrokinetic Properties (1999)

The surface charge of fiberglass is an important variable for fiber dispersion and web formation in a wet-laid process. This paper presents an overview of the glass surface electrokinetic properties as well as their applications for improving the quality of wet-laid nonwovens through good fiber dispersion and uniform web formation. The paper addresses the basic concepts used in electrokinetic characterization of glass surface and briefly discusses the available techniques for zeta potential measurement.
Channel Estimation for Cell-Free mmWave Massive MIMO Through Deep Learning (2019)

The combination of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems along with millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands is indeed one of most promising technological enablers of the envisioned wireless Gbit/s experience. However, both massive antennas at access points and large bandwidth at mmWave induce high computational complexity to exploit an accurate estimation of channel state information. Considering the sparse mmWave channel matrix as a natural image, we propose a practical and accurate channel estimation framework based on the fast and flexible denoising convolutional neural network (FFDNet). In contrast to previous deep learning based channel estimation methods, FFDNet is suitable a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio levels with a flexible noise level map as the input. More specifically, we provide a comprehensive investigation to optimize the FFDNet based channel estimator. Extensive simulation results validate that the training speed of FFDNet is faster than state-of-the-art channel estimators without sacrificing normalized mean square error performance, which makes FFDNet as an practical channel estimator for cell-free mmWave massive MIMO systems.
Immunoglobulin isotypes in sera and nasal mucosal secretions and their neonatal transfer and distribution in horses (2000)

The early immunoglobulin repertoire of neonatal foals comprised IgGa, IgG(T), and IgA; endogenous synthesis of IgGb could not be detected until 63 days after birth. The restricted repertoire of immunoglobulins in foals may influence humoral immune responses to vaccination.
Deep intellisense (2008)

Software engineers working in large teams on large, long-lived code-bases have trouble understanding why the source code looks the way does. Often, they answer their questions by looking at past revisions of the source code, bug reports, code checkins, mailing list messages, and other documentation. This process of inquiry can be quite inefficient, especially when the answers they seek are located in isolated repositories accessed by multiple independent investigation tools. Prior mining approaches have focused on linking various data repositories together; in this paper we investigate techniques for displaying information extracted from the repositories in a way that helps developers to build a cohesive mental model of the rationale behind the code. After interviewing several developers and testers about how they investigate source code, we created a Visual Studio plugin called Deep Intellisense that summarizes and displays historical information about source code. We designed Deep Intellisense to address many of the hurdles engineers face with their current techniques, and help them spend less time gathering information and more time getting their work done.
Vacuum arc ion sources: A review (2012)

The vacuum arc ion source is unique among the arsenal of ion sources available to the experimenter in its capabilities for producing high current beams of metal ions, thereby providing a tool valuable especially for ion implantation and for accelerator injection applications. The source also provides a convenient approach to the investigation of fundamental vacuum arc phenomena via analysis of the ions formed within the metal plasma. First introduced several decades ago, this kind of ion beam generator is by now a relatively mature and widely used technology. Here we review the basic approach to vacuum arc ion source design, source embodiments that have been made and used around the world, their applications in several fields, and the vacuum arc plasma physics that has been explored using this kind of device as a diagnostic tool.