gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors (2015)

Electrolytes have been identified as some of the most influential components in the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs), which include: electrical double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. This paper reviews recent progress in the research and development of ES electrolytes. The electrolytes are classified into several categories, including: aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, solid-state or quasi-solid-state, as well as redox-active electrolytes. Effects of electrolyte properties on ES performance are discussed in detail. The principles and methods of designing and optimizing electrolytes for ES performance and application are highlighted through a comprehensive analysis of the literature. Interaction among the electrolytes, electro-active materials and inactive components (current collectors, binders, and separators) is discussed. The challenges in producing high-performing electrolytes are analyzed. Several possible research directions to overcome these challenges are proposed for future efforts, with the main aim of improving ESs' energy density without sacrificing existing advantages (e.g., a high power density and a long cycle-life) (507 references).
Cannabinoid receptors as a target for therapy of ovarian cancer (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4615 

Ovarian cancer represents one of the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women and is the most common gynecologic malignancy. In spite of relative low morbidity, ovarian cancer has a high fatality ratio, with overall 5-year survival of less than 30%. At present, there are inadequate treatment options for the management of advanced ovarian cancer, and therefore development of novel approaches for treatment of this disease are needed. Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa linnaeous and their derivatives have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as cell growth inhibition and tumor regression. To date, two different cannabinoid receptors have been characterized and cloned from mammalian tissues: the “central” CB1 receptor and the “peripheral” CB2 receptor. We found that compared to normal Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells, the expression levels of both cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 were significantly higher in human ovarian cancer cells OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. We then determined expression levels of the cannabinoid receptors in different grades of human ovarian cancer specimens and employing western blot analysis found that both CB1 and CB2 receptors were expressed. To evaluate the cell growth response of WIN-55,212-2 (a mixed CB1/CB2 agonist) on CHO, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells, we employed MTT assay. Of interest, our results demonstrated that treatment of CHO cells with WIN-55,212-2 (5-20 μM; 48 h), did not affect cell viability. In sharp contrast, treatment of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells with WIN-55,212-2 under similar conditions significantly decreased the viability of cells. The decrease in cell viability in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells suggests the involvement of either or both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the antiproliferative action of cannabinoids. To evaluate the possible implication of CB1 and CB2 receptors in WIN-55,212-2-mediated decrease in cell viability, the effect of selective receptor antagonists was studied. Blocking of both receptors by their antagonists SR141716 (CB1) and SR144528 (CB2) significantly prevented this growth inhibitory effect. Further, WIN-55,212-2 treatment of both OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells resulted in G1 arrest in cell cycle progression, which was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin D1, D2, and E and their activating partner cdk2, 4 and 6. In addition WIN-55,212-2 treatment of both OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells was found to result in induction of apoptosis as determined by PARP cleavage and flow cytometry. We also found that treatment of both OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells with WIN-55,212-2 resulted in down-regulation of the expression of PCNA and VEGF. These results support a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer. It is also conceivable that with available cannabinoids as lead compounds, non-habit forming agents that have higher biological effects could be developed.
Wait-Free Reference Counting and Memory Management (2005)

We present a practical wait-free implementation of a garbage collection scheme based on reference counting that uses atomic primitivism, which are available in modern computer systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first wait-free algorithm of a reference counting scheme that can support dynamic concurrent data structures. As all operations of wait-free algorithms are guaranteed to always finish in a finite number of their own steps independently of the other operations' actions, the new algorithm is especially suitable for real-time systems where execution time guarantees are of significant importance. We also present a wait-free algorithm of a free-list, for supporting concurrent allocation and freeing of memory blocks. The new algorithms are linearizable and are compatible to previous implementations of non-blocking dynamic data structures.
The Zinc Finger-Containing Transcription Factor Gata-4 Is Expressed in the Developing Endocrine Pancreas and Activates Glucagon Gene Expression (2004)

Gene inactivation studies have shown that members of the Gata family of transcription factors are critical for endoderm development throughout evolution. We show here that Gata-4 and/or Gata-6 are not only expressed in the adult exocrine pancreas but also in glucagonoma and insulinoma cell lines, whereas Gata-5 is restricted to the exocrine pancreas. During pancreas development, Gata-4 is expressed already at embryonic d 10.5 and colocalizes with early glucagon+ cells at embryonic d 12.5. Gata-4 was able to transactivate the glucagon gene both in heterologous BHK-21 (nonislet Syrian baby hamster kidney) and in glucagon-producing InR1G9 cells. Using gel-mobility shift assays, we identified a complex formed with nuclear extracts from InR1G9 cells on the G5 control element (-140 to -169) of the glucagon gene promoter as Gata-4. Mutation of the GATA binding site on G5 abrogated the transcriptional activation mediated by Gata-4 and reduced basal glucagon gene promoter activity in glucagon-producing cells by 55%. Furthermore, Gata-4 acted more than additively with Forkhead box A (hepatic nuclear factor-3) to trans-activate the glucagon gene promoter. We conclude that, besides its role in endoderm differentiation, Gata-4 might be implicated in the regulation of glucagon gene expression in the fetal pancreas and that Gata activity itself may be modulated by interactions with different cofactors.
Comparison of LiFePO4 from different sources (2003)

The lithium iron phosphate chemistry is plagued by the poor conductivity and slow lithium diffusion in the solid phase. In order to alleviate these problems, various research groups have adopted different strategies including decreasing the particle sizes, increasing the carbon content, and adding dopants. In this study we obtained LiFePO4 electrodes from six different sources and used a combined model-experimental approach to compare the performance. Samples ranged from one with no carbon coating to one with 15 percent coating. In addition, particle sizes varied by as much as a order of magnitude between samples. The study detailed in this manuscript allows us to provide insight into the relative importance of the conductivity of the samples compared to the particle size, the impact of dopant on performance and ideas for making materials in order to maximize the power capability of this chemistry.
OncomiR-196 promotes an invasive phenotype in oral cancer through the NME4-JNK-TIMP1-MMP signaling pathway (2014)

miR-196 contributes to oral cancer by promoting cell migration and invasion. Clinically, miR-196a/b was significantly over-expressed in the cancer tissues and correlated with lymph node metastasis. Thus, our findings provide new knowledge of the underlying mechanism of cancer metastasis. miR-196 may serve as a promising marker for better oral cancer management.
Middleware for Robotics: A Survey (2008)

The field of robotics relies heavily on various technologies such as mechatronics, computing systems, and wireless communication. Given the fast growing technological progress in these fields, robots can offer a wide range of applications. However real world integration and application development for such a distributed system composed of many robotic modules and networked robotic devices is very difficult. Therefore, middleware services provide a novel approach offering many possibilities and drastically enhancing the application development for robots. This paper surveys the current state of middleware approaches in this domain. It discusses middleware challenges in these systems and presents some representative middleware solutions specifically designed for robots. The selection of the studied methods tries to cover most of the middleware platforms, objectives and approaches that have been proposed by researchers in this field.
Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in cardiac myocyte cultures by surface microtopography (2003)

Cardiac myocyte cultures usually require pharmacological intervention to prevent overproliferation of contaminating nonmyocytes. Our aim is to prevent excessive fibroblast cell proliferation without the use of cytostatins. We have produced a silicone surface with 10-microm vertical projections that we term "pegs," to which over 80% of rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts attach within 48 h after plating. There was a 50% decrease in cell proliferation by 5 days of culture compared with flat membranes (P < 0.001) and a concomitant 60% decrease (P < 0.01) in cyclin D1 protein levels, suggesting a G1/S1 cell cycle arrest due to microtopography. Inhibition of Rho kinase with 5 or 20 microM Y-27632 reduced attachment of fibroblasts to the pegs by over 50% (P < 0.001), suggesting that this signaling pathway plays an important role in the process. Using mobile and immobile 10-microm polystyrene spheres, we show that reactive forces are important for inhibiting fibroblast cell proliferation, because mobile spheres failed to reduce cell proliferation. In primary myocyte cultures, pegs also inhibit fibroblast proliferation in the absence of cytostatins. The ratio of aminopropeptide of collagen protein from fibroblasts to myosin from myocytes was significantly reduced in cultures from pegged surfaces (P < 0.01), suggesting an increase in the proportion of myocytes on the pegged surfaces. Connexin43 protein expression was also increased, suggesting improved myocyte-myocyte interaction in the presence of pegs. We conclude that this microtextured culture system is useful for preventing proliferation of fibroblasts in myocyte cultures and may ultimately be useful for tissue engineering applications in vivo.
Comparison and reproducibility of ADC measurements in breathhold, respiratory triggered, and free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of the liver (2008)

ADC measurements of the normal liver parenchyma in respiratory triggered DWI are significantly higher and less reproducible than in breathhold and free-breathing DWI.
A study of directional and frequency properties of shaded and phased simple arrays (1986)

NA
Ground segmentation and occupancy grid generation using probability fields (2015)

This paper proposes a novel technique for segmenting the ground plane and at the same time estimating the occupancy probability of each point in a scene. Using a stereo camera rig, our system first calculates a disparity map and transforms it to a v-disparity map, which is then filtered and processed to generate a corresponding probability field. The probability field generated is then used for precise segmentation of ground planes as well as for the generation of occupancy grids. Unlike what is proposed in the prior art, our system requires minimal initialization and is independent of the stereo sensor characteristics as well as the parameters of the disparity algorithm. More importantly, our technique does not require any prior assumption about the terrain visual characteristics. Experimental results using sequences of images from two different data sets are presented to validate the proposed methods.
Engine Control System Sensitivity (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">THIS PAPER describes the use of sensitivity functions to investigate the sensitivity of engine control systems to unknown variations in parameters. The definition of output sensitivity functions and the derivation of their defining differential equations are reviewed. A structural method for generating a sensitivity model is presented and applied to a second order example. Finally, the sensitivity model for EGR valve gain of an eighteen state linear perturbation engine model is generated and the resulting sensitivity functions used to predict how engine response changes for changes in the gain of the EGR valve. These predictions are then shown to be accurate by comparison with simulations of the engine model for various values of the EGR valve gain.</div>
Target-Focused Local Workspace Modeling for Construction Automation Applications (2011)

To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the geometric data collection and processing for automated construction operations, a light-weight hybrid light amplification for detection and ranging (LADAR) system was developed to enable semi-automatic targeted data collection, such that an operator can quickly obtain high-quality data for parts of the workspace critical for an on-going operation. To further improve the precision of separating needed data from background and irrelevant data, using this custom-designed system, the relationships were investigated among the amplitude of data points, the scanning distance, time-of-flight, and the grayscales of objects. Thus, positive control of scanning position, orientation, field of view and amplitude is enabled. For construction robotics applications in confined spaces such as power plants, such positive control is a critical capability. The evaluation results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of the semi-automatic targeted scanning approach on reducing the scanning time and data size, and the effectiveness of the proposed target-focused data collection approach.
Antitumor activity of interleukin‐21 prepared by novel refolding procedure from inclusion bodies expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has recently been identified as a novel 4-helix-bundle type I cytokine possessing a cytokine receptor gamma chain essential for the immune response. We report the preparation and functional characterization of Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant human IL-21 (rIL-21). The rIL-21, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli, was solubilized and then refolded by using a modified dialysis method. The introduction of redox reagents during refolding led to a dramatic increase in the refolding efficiency. Circular dichroism spectrum analysis showed that the refolded rIL-21 had an alpha-helix as a secondary structure, which is a characteristic of type I cytokines. Flow cytometry confirmed previous reports that rIL-21 binds to CD3-activated T cells (T-LAK) and to cell lines Raji, HL60, and Jurkat. rIL-21 stimulated the proliferation of T-LAK but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and this effect seems to be identical to that of co-stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody. Growth inhibition assay indicated that enhancement of the cytotoxicity of T-LAK to the human bile duct carcinoma TFK-1 depended on the concentration of rIL-21. Thus, refolded rIL-21 had activity identical to that of authentic IL-21 and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of T-LAK. These conclusions suggest the potential use of the refolded cytokine in adoptive immunotherapy using T-LAK cells and in the discovery of other functions of the cytokine.
Gabor-type filtering in space and time with cellular neural networks (1998)

Gabor filters are preprocessing stages in image-processing and computer-vision applications. One drawback is that they are computationally intensive on a digital computer. This paper describes the design of cellular neural networks (CNNs) which compute the outputs of filters similar to Gabor filters. Analog VLSI implementations of these CNNs might eventually relieve the computational bottleneck associated with Gabor filtering image-processing algorithms. The CNNs compute both the real and imaginary parts of the filter outputs simultaneously, which is an important feature in applying them in algorithms utilizing the phase of the Gabor output.
Formation of glycoprotein degrading enzymes by<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (1991)

Bacteroides fragilis NCDO 2217 produced a wide range of cell-associated hydrolytic enzymes (neuraminidase, α-fucosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) that could potentially degrade the carbohydrate moieties of mucin, a complex glycoprotein. The type of substrate used for growth markedly influenced their formation in batch cultures. Synthesis of neuraminidase, α-fucosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and to a lesser extent, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, was inversely related to growth rate in continuous cultures (D= 0.03 h−1– 0.23 h−1) in which porcine gastric mucin provided the sole source of carbon and nitrogen.
Electrically Protected Resonant Exchange Qubits in Triple Quantum Dots (2013)

We present a modulated microwave approach for quantum computing with qubits comprising three spins in a triple quantum dot. This approach includes single- and two-qubit gates that are protected against low-frequency electrical noise, due to an operating point with a narrowband response to high frequency electric fields. Furthermore, existing double quantum dot advances, including robust preparation and measurement via spin-to-charge conversion, are immediately applicable to the new qubit. Finally, the electric dipole terms implicit in the high frequency coupling enable strong coupling with superconducting microwave resonators, leading to more robust two-qubit gates.
[Bone remodeling after reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing. A histomorphometric study]. (1994)

Experimental findings after unreamed nailing have indicated certain advantages for new bone formation in comparison to reamed nailing. It would be of interest to establish whether any essential differences can be determined in the extent and course of callus formation. To investigate this question, thin sections of bone from 16 tibiae (nailing after transverse osteotomy in sheep) were examined histomorphometrically the progress at the periosteal and interfragmentary surfaces of the remodelling callus being recorded separately after 4, 6 and 8 weeks. After unreamed nailing, more extensive and earlier formation of interfragmentary callus was observed. At 4 weeks postoperatively the remodelled periosteal bone surface was 158 mm2, which was 1.6 times that after the unreamed procedure (95 mm2). By 4 weeks after unreamed nailing the periosteal callus surface was already greater than 6 weeks after reamed nailing. On the basis of these experimental results the use of unreamed nailing can be recommended, especially for open fractures and fractures with severe soft tissue damage.
Molecular cloning and characterization of human caspase-activated DNase (1998)

Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) cleaves chromosomal DNA during apoptosis. Here, we report isolation of two classes of human CAD cDNAs from a human KT-3 leukemic cell cDNA library. One class of cDNA encoded a protein comprising 338 amino acids, which showed a marked similarity to its murine counterpart. In vitro transcription and translation of this cDNA resulted in a functional CAD protein when the protein was synthesized in the presence of its inhibitor (inhibitor of CAD). The other cDNA class contained many deletions, insertions, and point mutations in the sequence corresponding to the coding region, suggesting that it is derived from a pseudogene. The functional CAD gene was localized to human chromosome 1p36.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The CAD mRNA was expressed in a limited number of human tissues, including pancreas, spleen, prostate, and ovary. The expression of the CAD mRNA in human cell lines correlated with their ability to show DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Overexpression of CAD potentiated DNA fragmentation by apoptotic stimuli in these cell lines, indicating that CAD is responsible for the apoptotic DNA degradation.
Structure and morphology of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)‐poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) copolymer membranes (1979)

Abstract The structure and morphology of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)‐poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PTFE‐PVP) copolymer membranes prepared by direct radiation grafting were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, x‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The granulometry of the base emulsion used in PTFE film forming did not have any influence on the mechanism of radiochemical grafting. Moreover, it is proposed that the size of base grains induces morphologies of grafted membranes which differ markedly from each other. The results are analyzed on the assumption that grafted chains of PVP are formed between the base grains of PTFE and gradually move inward toward the crystalline zones. For a given grafting ratio, the space of distribution of grafted chains inside the PTFE matrix depends on the size of PTFE base grains. A correlation between morphologies of membranes and water permeability of copolymer membranes is indicated.
Characterization of a spontaneously occurring arthritis in male DBA/1 mice (1992)

This first description of a spontaneous arthritis in aging male DBA/1 mice should provide new opportunities to study general features of a chronic and intermittent arthritis in a well-characterized strain, in which no generalized aberrations of the immune system have been described.
Identification of further proteolytic cleavage sites in the Southampton calicivirus polyprotein by expression of the viral protease in E. coli. (1999)

Southampton virus (SV) is a human enteric calicivirus with a positive-sense RNA genome which encodes a protease as part of a large precursor polyprotein. Expression vectors based on pRSET were constructed carrying the entire 3C-like viral protease (3Cpro) sequence together with flanking sequences from a region of the viral genome 3′-distal to the putative helicase-encoding region. Expression from these vectors in E. coli resulted in discrete protein products with smaller than expected molecular sizes. This confirmed that an active viral protease was produced in E. coli and that the protease was capable of cleaving the expressed protein at defined sites. Expressed cleavage products surrounding the protease region of the viral polyprotein were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membranes and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. Cleavage occurred at an EG dipeptide at the N terminus of the putative VPg (961E/GKNKG) and also at the protease/polymerase boundary (1280E/GGDKG). The N terminus of the protease was released from the VPg C terminus at an EA dipeptide in the sequence 1099E/APPTL. These studies demonstrate that SV enteric calicivirus encodes a 3C-like protease with a specificity similar to the picornaviral 3C protease and that the SV polyprotein is cleaved into at least six mature products.