gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Facial Symmetry to Handle Pose Variations in Real-World 3D Face Recognition (2011)

The uncontrolled conditions of real-world biometric applications pose a great challenge to any face recognition approach. The unconstrained acquisition of data from uncooperative subjects may result in facial scans with significant pose variations along the yaw axis. Such pose variations can cause extensive occlusions, resulting in missing data. In this paper, a novel 3D face recognition method is proposed that uses facial symmetry to handle pose variations. It employs an automatic landmark detector that estimates pose and detects occluded areas for each facial scan. Subsequently, an Annotated Face Model is registered and fitted to the scan. During fitting, facial symmetry is used to overcome the challenges of missing data. The result is a pose invariant geometry image. Unlike existing methods that require frontal scans, the proposed method performs comparisons among interpose scans using a wavelet-based biometric signature. It is suitable for real-world applications as it only requires half of the face to be visible to the sensor. The proposed method was evaluated using databases from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Houston that, to the best of our knowledge, include the most challenging pose variations publicly available. The average rank-one recognition rate of the proposed method in these databases was 83.7 percent.
Adaptive DOF for plenoptic cameras (2013)

Plenoptic cameras promise to provide arbitrary re-focusing through a scene after the capture. In practice, however, the refocusing range is limited by the depth of field (DOF) of the plenoptic camera. For the focused plenoptic camera, this range is given by the range of object distances for which the microimages are in focus. We propose a technique of recording light fields with an adaptive depth of focus. Between multiple exposures { or multiple recordings of the light field { the distance between the microlens array (MLA) and the image sensor is adjusted. The depth and quality of focus is chosen by changing the number of exposures and the spacing of the MLA movements. In contrast to traditional cameras, extending the DOF does not necessarily lead to an all-in-focus image. Instead, the refocus range is extended. There is full creative control about the focus depth; images with shallow or selective focus can be generated.
Solid‐state structure of thermally crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene (2002)

Abstract The solid‐state structure of syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS) after crystallization from the melt and the glassy state was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. It was possible to prepare semicrystalline s‐PS containing either the pure α‐ or the pure β‐crystalline form by melt crystallizing s‐PS from 280 or 330°C. The measurements confirmed the low density of both crystalline forms, which in the case of α‐crystalline form was smaller and in the case of β‐crystalline form was only slightly larger than the density of the glassy amorphous s‐PS. An endeavor to introduce the crystalline phase in s‐PS through cold crystallization at constant temperature above the glass transition resulted in a complex ordered phase. This ordered phase, depending on the crystallization temperature, contained the planar chain mesomorphic phase and the α‐crystalline phase with a low degree of perfection (cold crystallization in the range 120–175°C) or a mixture of the α‐ and β‐crystalline forms with a high degree of perfection (cold crystallization in the range 210–260°C). The combination of DSC and X‐ray measurements enabled us to resolve the complex ordered structure in semicrystalline s‐PS after cold crystallization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2705–2715, 2002
Peptide Synthesis by Oxidation-Reduction Condensation. I. Use of NPS-Peptides as Amino Component (1971)

Abstract Sulfenamides were found to react readily with soft nucleophiles in the presence of active hydrogen compounds. A new method for the synthesis of carboxamide from metal carboxylate, sulfenamide and tertiary phosphine was developed. The effects of metal component were examined. Copper(II) salts gave the best result. In a similar way, peptides were synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) salts of acylamino acid, or free acylamino acid in the presence of cupric chloride and triethylamine, with NPS-amino acid derivatives and triphenylphosphine. When organo-mercuric compounds such as dianisylmercury were used in place of cupric chloride and triethylamine in the above reaction, almost complete retention of configuration was observed by the Young test.
Polymerization‐filled composites and nanocomposites by coordination catalysis (2003)

Abstract Polyolefinic microcomposites and layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by the in‐situ polymerization of ethylene (and α‐olefin) via the so‐called polymerization‐filling technique. Various fillers with either basic, acidic, metallic or carbonaceous surface, as well as non‐modified clays such as montmorillonite and hectorite, were first treated by trimethylaluminum‐depleted methyialuminoxane before being contacted by a titanium or zirconium‐based metallocene catalyst. The (nano)composite was formed by addition and polymerization of ethylene (and α‐olefin). This technique makes possible the complete encapsulation of every filler particle within the (co)polyolefinic matrix ranging from thermoplastics to elastomers. The so‐obtained (nano)composites, often coined as “homogeneous” (nano)composites, exhibit improved mechanical properties, as compared to more conventional melt blends for a same filler content.
An Analysis of Bid-Price Controls for Network Revenue Management (1998)

Bid-prices are becoming an increasingly popular method for controlling the sale of inventory in revenue management applications. In this form of control, threshold—or “bid”—prices are set for the resources or units of inventory (seats on flight legs, hotel rooms on specific dates, etc.) and a product (a seat in a fare class on an itinerary or room for a sequence of dates) is sold only if the offered fare exceeds the sum of the threshold prices of all the resources needed to supply the product. This approach is appealing on intuitive and practical grounds, but the theory underlying it is not well developed. Moreover, the extent to which bid-price controls represent optimal or near optimal policies is not well understood. Using a general model of the demand process, we show that bid-price control is not optimal in general and analyze why bid-price schemes can fail to produce correct accept/deny decisions. However, we prove that when leg capacities and sales volumes are large, bid-price controls are asymptotically optimal, provided the right bid prices are used. We also provide analytical upper bounds on the optimal revenue. In addition, we analyze properties of the asymptotically optimal bid prices. For example, we show they are constant over time, even when demand is nonstationary, and that they may not be unique.
[Features of the localization and pathogenesis of cerebral infarcts in the carotid bassin of patients with arterial hypertension associated with atherosclerosis]. (1986)

The authors compared the localization of cerebral strokes and the state of the carotid arteries in 46 patients with arterial hypertension in combination with atherosclerosis. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery was associated with infarcts of various size in the cortex and the subcortical substance of the brain. When there was a good collateral blood flow along the anastomoses of the cerebral surface from the posterior cerebral artery into the system of occluded internal carotid artery, these were small infarcts in the white substance of the frontal lobes which were not lacunar. The major importance in the development of cerebral strokes in cases of occluded internal carotid artery belongs to atherosclerosis. Small deep (lacunar) infarcts develop in cases of complete patency of the carotid arteries and the leading role in their genesis belongs to changes in the intracerebral arteries characteristic of arterial hypertension rather than to atherosclerotic lesion of the major arteries of the head. Thus, localization of cerebral infarctions in arterial hypertension combined with atherosclerosis is determined by the state of the carotid arteries and characteristics of the collateral circulation while any of the diseases may play the leading role in their development.
Epoetin omega for treatment of anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients. (2002)

After the synthesis of epoetins alpha and -beta, a third molecule of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was synthesized and was named epoetin-omega. The molecule of epoetin-omega is a sialoglycoprotein with smaller amounts of O-bound sugars, less acidic and with different hydrophylity than the other 2 epoetins. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy, safety and clinical tolerance of epoetin-omega for treatment of renal anemia. In an open-label, uncontrolled prospective clinical study, 22 end-stage renal disease patients (9 male and 13 female) were followed for 6 months. They all had a hemoglobin (Hb) value below 85 g/l, and were on regular hemodialysis therapy 3 times a week, 4 hours per session. The initial weekly dose of epoetin-omega was 90 units per kg of body weight (b.w.) divided in 3 equal portions and administered subcutaneously after each dialysis session. After correction of the hemoglobin, the dose of rHuEPO was individualized to keep Hb within target limits of 100-120 g/l. To follow efficacy and safety, a number of clinical and laboratory parameters were monitored. All patients responded well to the therapy with corrected hemoglobin after the 10th week of the study. The mean dose of epoetin-omega during the correction period never exceeded 100 U/kg b.w. per week. The average maintenance dose of rHuEPO was 50-60 U/kg b.w. per week. Iron was, where needed, supplied intravenously. We noted no change in serum urea. creatinine, phosphorus, and heparin dose per dialysis session. The prothrombin time improved during the study. Serum albumin increased. No change was observed in urea reduction ratio (URR), body weight and mean arterial pressure. One serious adverse event was noted: worsening of hypertension in 1 patient, with the development of hypertensive encephalopathy and severe headache. rHuEPO treatment was stopped. The blood pressure was effectively controlled by reducting her body weight by 5%. Thereafter, rHuEPO therapy was resumed with good blood pressure control. We could conclude that recombinant human erythropoietin-omega was an efficient and safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal anemia.
Understanding the Counterintuitive Phenomenon of Catch Bonds (2007)

Cells bind to each other and to surfaces using complementary receptor-ligand pairs as an essential part of their function. The mechanical forces that build up on these bonds was assumed to weaken them until three receptor-ligand complexes were shown to form catch bonds that are instead strengthened by mechanical force. This review analyzes the experimental data for these complexes to better understand this counterintuitive effect. Models of how force affects the energy landscapes of bonds are related to the behavior of various catch bonds when subjected to force. Structural explanations of how force affects molecular structure and function are also presented and related to simulations of the effect of force on structure and to the effect of point mutations on bond function. It can be concluded that catch bonds arise when force changes the angle or distance between two domains in a way that leads to enhanced binding. However, their mechanism through which the interdomain region can influence the lifetime of the distant binding site remains unsolved since more than one proposed mechanism can explain the data. It remains possible that different catch bonds work differently or even that multiple mechanism act in the same protein.
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy as a viable option for treatment of advanced breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis and literature review (2017)

This meta-analysis was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-based regimens for the treatment advanced breast cancer (ABC). Altogether 15 studies involving 8195 ABC patients were retrieved for analysis. Compared with non-gemcitabine-based chemotherapies, patients receiving gemcitabine-based therapy exhibited better overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.19; HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.30; HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24). Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity was significantly high but manageable in gemcitabine-based groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with first-line gemcitabine-based chemotherapy had better OS (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32), PFS (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.27), and ORR (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32). In addition, additional gemcitabine chemotherapy also showed better OS (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30), PFS (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.30) and ORR (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.42) than gemcitabine replacement therapy. Furthermore, patients receiving gemcitabine-taxanes-based regimens had better OS (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), PFS (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.20) and ORR (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35) than patients with non-gemcitabine-taxanes-based chemotherapy. These findings indicate that gemcitabine combination regimens could serve as a promising regimen for ABC patients, though increased hematologic toxicity should be considered with caution.
The Middle Triassic Megafossil Flora of the Basin Creek Formation, Nymboida Coal Measures, New South Wales. Part 4. Umkomasiaceae. Dicroidium and affiliated Fructifications (2005)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Rheological Property and Stress Development during Drying of Tape‐Cast Ceramic Layers (1996)

Rheological property and stress development of tape‐cast ceramic layers derived from nonaqueous alumina (A1 2 O 3 )‐poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) suspensions were observed during drying. Casting suspensions exhibited strong shear‐thinning behavior, with a low shear Newtonian plateau apparent viscosity >10 2 Pa . s. The apparent suspension viscosity displayed a power‐law dependence on the A1 2 O 3 volume fraction during the initial stage of drying (<30% solvent loss). Stress development, measured by a cantilever deflection method, and parallel weight loss measurements were performed during the drying of tape‐cast layers and pure binder coatings. Maximum drying stresses (σ max ) of 1.37‐0.77 MPa were observed for plasticized tapes cast at gap heights of 150‐400 μm. In contrast, nonplasticized tapes of similar thickness displayed a more gradual stress increase, with σ max values approximately an order of magnitude higher than their plasticized counterparts. The stress histories of the corresponding binder coatings were quite similar to the tape‐cast layers, albeit slightly lower σ max values were observed. Stresses decayed beyond σ max with a logarithmic time dependence to an almost constant value of 0.2‐0.4 MPa for the plasticized tapes. Based on these observations, process methodologies have been offered to minimize stress development and retention in tape‐cast ceramic layers
In-plane dielectric properties of epitaxial Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films grown on GaAs for tunable device application (2012)

We have epitaxially deposited ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST) thin films grown on GaAs substrate via SrTiO3 buffer layer by laser molecular beam epitaxy. Structural characteristics of the heterostructure were measured by various techniques. The in-plane dielectric properties of the heteroepitaxial structure under different applying frequency were investigated from −190 to 90 °C, indicating Curie temperature of the BST film to be around 52 °C. At room temperature, the dielectric constant of the heterostructure under moderate dc bias field can be tuned by more than 30% and K factor used for frequency agile materials is found to be close to 8. Our results offer the possibility to combine frequency agile electronics of ferroelectric titanate with the high-performance microwave capabilities of GaAs for room temperature tunable device application.
Optimization of LPCVD silicon nitride deposition process by use of designed experiments (2002)

A low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition (LPCVD) nitride process that was characterized for film uniformity and particle density is described. The appropriate factors and levels for an optimization experiment were established. A full factorial experiment and a Taguchi orthogonal array were selected. A confirmation run was processed to verify the optimum factor level settings from two design methodologies. SPC methods, (as measured by C/sub p/) were used to measure an overall process improvement for film uniformity. Particle trends for the implemented process are compared to particle trends on a previously used process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning of a Portion of the Chromosomal Gene and cDNA for Human β-Fodrin, the Nonerythroid Form of β-Spectrin (1993)

A 96-bp synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to an amino acid sequence near the N-terminus of erythroid beta-spectrin was used to screen a human genomic library, and two overlapping recombinants were isolated. DNA sequence analysis established that the genomic fragment encoded beta-fodrin, the nonerythroid form of beta-spectrin, by correlation to a known amino acid sequence of human brain beta-fodrin. The genomic DNA contained regions that cross-hybridized with an erythroid beta-spectrin cDNA probe, and the DNA sequence of these regions revealed a high degree of identity with that of erythroid beta-spectrin and a similar exon/intron organization. A single-copy DNA fragment of the beta-fodrin genomic clone was used to screen a lymphoid cell cDNA library and two recombinants were isolated. The composite DNA sequence of these various genomic and cDNA clones encoded almost all of the first twelve 106 amino acid repeat segments of beta-fodrin that shared 58% identity and 75.5% similarity with the amino acid sequence of beta-spectrin and 66% identity with the nucleotide sequence of beta-spectrin cDNA. The chromosomal localization of the gene was determined to be chromosome 2 by hybridization of a single-copy probe derived from the cloned genomic DNA to DNA of a panel of somatic hybrid cell lines, and in situ hybridization localized the gene to band 2p21. beta-Fodrin was assigned the gene symbol SPTBN1.
MotY, a component of the sodium-type flagellar motor (1994)

Energy to power the rotation of bacterial flagella can be derived from the proton or sodium transmembrane potential. Until now, genes encoding a bacterial sodium-type flagellar motor have not been defined. A gene, motY, encoding one component of the sodium-type flagellar motor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was cloned by complementation of a Mot- mutant strain. Sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 879 nucleotides in which a transposon conferring a motility defect mapped. Overexpression of motY in Escherichia coli allowed identification of a product 33 kDa in apparent size on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This size correlated well with the predicted molecular mass of 33,385 Da. Unlike mot genes identified in other bacteria, localized transposon mutagenesis suggested that the locus was not an extended region containing multiple genes required for swimming motility. Sequencing upstream and downstream of motY confirmed that the gene maps alone and placed it within a locus homologous to the E. coli rnt locus. Although data bank searches failed to reveal significant similarity to known motility components, the carboxyl terminus of MotY showed extensive homology to a number of outer membrane proteins known to interact with peptidoglycan, including OmpA and peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins. To a limited extent, this domain could also be identified in the Bacillus subtilis MotB protein. This finding suggests that MotY plays the role of a stator in the sodium flagellar motor, stabilizing the force-generating unit through direct interaction with the cell wall.
Two‐Dimensional Fluorinated Graphene: Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications (2016)

Fluorinated graphene, an up-rising member of the graphene family, combines a two-dimensional layer-structure, a wide bandgap, and high stability and attracts significant attention because of its unique nanostructure and carbon-fluorine bonds. Here, we give an extensive review of recent progress on synthetic methods and C-F bonding; additionally, we present the optical, electrical and electronic properties of fluorinated graphene and its electrochemical/biological applications. Fluorinated graphene exhibits various types of C-F bonds (covalent, semi-ionic, and ionic bonds), tunable F/C ratios, and different configurations controlled by synthetic methods including direct fluorination and exfoliation methods. The relationship between the types/amounts of C-F bonds and specific properties, such as opened bandgap, high thermal and chemical stability, dispersibility, semiconducting/insulating nature, magnetic, self-lubricating and mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, is discussed comprehensively. By optimizing the C-F bonding character and F/C ratios, fluorinated graphene can be utilized for energy conversion and storage devices, bioapplications, electrochemical sensors and amphiphobicity. Based on current progress, we propose potential problems of fluorinated graphene as well as the future challenge on the synthetic methods and C-F bonding character. This review will provide guidance for controlling C-F bonds, developing fluorine-related effects and promoting the application of fluorinated graphene.
The Nibelungenlied in the Hands of a Young Chinese Artist (2002)

The Nibelungenlied(song of theNibelungen)is a long Middle High German epic by a southGerman poet of the early 3th century．It Includespagan legends and trad巨tlons but且s patently theproduct of a Christian courtly world．The story Is
Classification of human genomic regions based on experimentally determined binding sites of more than 100 transcription-related factors (2012)

Overall, the three pairs of regions exhibit intricate differences in chromosomal locations, chromatin features, factors that bind them, and cell-type specificity. Our machine learning approach enables us to identify features potentially general to all transcription factors, including those not included in the data.