gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion correlates with changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ in aequorin-expressing INS-1 cells. (1996)

Nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion is dependent upon the generation of metabolic coupling factors in the mitochondria of the pancreatic B cell. To investigate the role of Ca2+ in mitochondrial function, insulin secretion from INS-1 cells stably expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin in the appropriate compartments was correlated with changes in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m). Glucose and KCl, which depolarize the cell membrane, as well as the Ca2+-mobilizing agonist, carbachol (CCh), cause substantial increases in [Ca2+]m which are associated with smaller rises in [Ca2+]c. The L-type Ca2+-channel blocker, SR7037, abolished the effects of glucose and KCl while attenuating the CCh response. Glucose-induced increases in [Ca2+]m, [Ca2+]c, and insulin secretion all demonstrate a pronounced initial peak followed by a sustained plateau. All three parameters are increased synergistically when glucose and CCh are combined. Finally, [Ca2+]m, [Ca2+]c, and insulin secretion also display desensitization phenomena following repeated additions of the three stimuli. The high sensitivity of [Ca2+]m to Ca2+ influx and the desensitization-resensitization effects can be explained by a model in which the mitochondria of INS-1 cells are strategically located to sense Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. In conclusion, the correlation of [Ca2+]m and [Ca2+]c with insulin secretion may indicate a fundamental role for Ca2+ in the adaptation of oxidative metabolism to the generation of metabolic coupling factors and the energy requirements of exocytosis.
MECP2 disorders: from the clinic to mice and back (2015)

Two severe, progressive neurological disorders characterized by intellectual disability, autism, and developmental regression, Rett syndrome and MECP2 duplication syndrome, result from loss and gain of function, respectively, of the same critical gene, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Neurons acutely require the appropriate dose of MECP2 to function properly but do not die in its absence or overexpression. Instead, neuronal dysfunction can be reversed in a Rett syndrome mouse model if MeCP2 function is restored. Thus, MECP2 disorders provide a unique window into the delicate balance of neuronal health, the power of mouse models, and the importance of chromatin regulation in mature neurons. In this Review, we will discuss the clinical profiles of MECP2 disorders, the knowledge acquired from mouse models of the syndromes, and how that knowledge is informing current and future clinical studies.
Three Mammalian Lipins Act as Phosphatidate Phosphatases with Distinct Tissue Expression Patterns (2006)

We previously identified mutations in the Lpin1 gene, encoding lipin-1, as the underlying cause of lipodystrophy in the fatty liver dystrophy (fld) mutant mouse. Lipin-1 is normally expressed at high levels in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and deficiency in the fld mouse causes impaired adipose tissue development, insulin resistance, and altered energy expenditure. We also identified two additional lipin protein family members of unknown function, lipin-2 and lipin-3. Han et al. (Han, G. S., Wu, W. I., and Carman, G. M. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9210-9218) recently demonstrated that the single lipin homolog in yeast, Smp2, exhibits phosphatidate phosphatase type-1 (PAP1) activity, which has a key role in glycerolipid synthesis. Here we demonstrate that lipin-1 accounts for all of the PAP1 activity in white and brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, livers of lipin-1-deficient mice exhibited normal PAP1 activity, indicating that other members of the lipin protein family could have PAP1 activity. Consistent with this possibility, recombinant lipin-2 and lipin-3 possess PAP1 activity. Each of the three lipin family members showed Mg2+-dependent activity that was specific for phosphatidate under the conditions employed. The different lipins showed distinct tissue expression patterns. Our results establish the three mammalian lipin proteins as PAP1 enzymes and explain the biochemical basis for lipodystrophy in the lipin-1-deficient fld mouse.
Asymmetrical Underplatform Dampers in Gas Turbine Bladings: Theory and Application (2004)

During operation, the rotating blades of a gas turbine are subjected to centrifugal forces as well as fluctuating gas forces, resulting in blade vibrations. In addition to material damping, aerodynamical and blade root damping, underplatform dampers are widely used to increase the amount of damping and to decrease blade vibration amplitudes. The friction forces generated by the relative displacements between the underplatform damper and the blade platforms provide a significant amount of energy dissipation. In practice, a number of different underplatform damper designs are applied. Basically, these are wedge dampers with flat contact areas, cylindrical dampers with curved surfaces or asymmetrical dampers with both flat contact surfaces on one side and curved contact surfaces on the other. The latter damper type combines the advantages of both the wedge and the cylindrical damper by preventing the damper from pure rolling on the one hand as it has been observed for cylindrical dampers and on the other hand, avoiding a diverged plane area contact in case of a wedge damper, causing a damper lift-off. This paper will focus on the investigation of cylindrical and asymmetrical underplatform dampers. A comparison between measurements of rotating assemblies in Siemens PG gas turbines (V84.2, V64.3A and V94.3A(2)) under test and real operating conditions with cylindrical and asymmetrical underplatform dampers and the predictions of the developed theoretical model are presented. Special attention is paid to the frequency shift due to the application of an underplatform damper, since in particular for stationary gas turbines, in addition to the amplitude reduction, the accurate prediction of the resonance frequency is of major interest.
Phase II trial of single-agent ganetespib (STA-9090), a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) post docetaxel-based chemotherapy: Results of a Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC) study. (2013)

5085 Background: Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone required for the proper folding and activation of numerous client proteins and is critical to cell survival and proliferation. Ganetespib (G), a synthetic small molecule that binds to the ATP pocket in the N-terminus of Hsp90 causes the degradation of cellular proteins and ultimately death of cancer cells dependent on these proteins. G displays potent anticancer activity in prostate cancer cells. Methods: Eligible patients were ≥ 18 yrs old with ECOG performance status ≤ 2. Adequate hepatic, renal, and bone marrow function was required. Patients were treated with G 200 mg/m 2 intravenously once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks followed by 1 off-week. The primary objective was to evaluate the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall safety and tolerability of G and overall survival. Exploratory markers including maspin, cytokeratins 8 and 18, and HDAC1 were obtained pre, during, and post G treatment. We sought ≥ 4 patients with ≥ 6 months PFS (a success) in Stage 1 of a 2-stage near-optimal Simon design. Results: 18 patients were enrolled at 4 institutions. The patients’ median age was 68 (range 51-82), 13 were Caucasian, 4 were African American, and 1 was Asian. Median PSA was 210.7 ng/mL (range 25.9 – 3,489 ng/mL). One patient never started therapy. Among the 17 treated patients, the median number of cycles was 2 (range 1-5). The most frequent Grade 3 toxicities were diarrhea (3 patients), fatigue (3), and dehydration (3). Prior therapy included abiraterone (8), sipuleucel-T (4), and other targeted therapy (4). With < 4 successes in Stage 1, the trial was terminated early. Median PFS was 1.9 months (90% CI: 1.7 – 2.7 months); median OS was 10.2 months (90% CI: 2.3 – 18.3 months). Exploratory markers have been evaluated and will be presented. Conclusions: Our study represents the first clinical trial of G in treating mCRPC patients. As a single agent therapy, G did not prolong PFS. Combination therapy is a consideration to improve therapeutic efficacy. Clinical trial information: NCT01270880.
A Revised Concept of the Consumer's Co-Operative (1961)

The usually accepted concept of consumer co-operators as penny-pinching, radically-minded citizens is challenged by the author. The concept is developed that the modern, urban co-operative movement in the United States is largely a special aspect of the consumer orientation of our economy, not just a surviving remnant of the dismal economic conditions of the late nineteenth century.
Cancer Treatment: Photothermal Killing of Cancer Cells by the Controlled Plasmonic Coupling of Silica‐Coated Au/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoaggregates (Adv. Funct. Mater. 19/2014) (2014)

Hybrid plasmonic-superparamagnetic nanoaggregates are encapsulated by a nanothin amorphous silica film inflight during their gas-phase synthesis. By varying that film thickness, S. E. Pratsinis and co-workers can fine-tune the interparticle distance among individual gold nanoparticles, inducing their controlled plasmonic coupling. In this way, the nanoaggregate optical absorption is shifted to the NIR, facilitating their efficient light-into-heat photothermal performance. The superparamagnetic component of nanoaggregates enables their magnetic manipulation and MRI detection. These multifunctional nanoaggregates kill breast cancer cells by NIR irradiation, rendering such particles suitable for theranostics.
Ein Mikrowaschtest zur Bestimmung der Enzymwirkung (1970)

Abstract Ein Mikrowaschtest und zwei mit denaturierten eiweißhaltigen Substanzen befleckte Testgewebe wurden entwickelt. Das Testgewebe A (Blut‐Ei‐Befleckung) wird nur durch Proteasen aufgehellt. Bei Abwesenheit von Proteasen ist es völlig indifferent gegenüber mechanischer Bewegung während des Waschvorgangs, Tensiden und Elektrolyten bei jedem pH‐Wert unterhalb von 11.5. Das Testgewebe B (Schokolade‐Milch) wird ebenfalls nur durch Proteasen aufgehellt; im Blindversuch ohne Enzyme ist es ebenso wie das Testgewebe A nicht aufhellbar; es wird sogar bei steigendem pH‐Wert allmählich dunkler. Bei Verwendung dieser Testgewebe erlaubt der Mikrowaschtest die Bestimmung der praktischen Wirkung sehr kleiner Enzymmengen, wie sie mittels Gelchromatographie oder Elektrophorese isoliert wurden.
Semi-automatic design of tooth crown using a 3-D dental CAD system, Vocs-1B (2002)

Previous surface model-based dental CAD systems are not necessarily suitable to metamorphosis of curved surfaces like tooth crown. To alleviate such disharmony, the authors have been developing a CAD system, Vocs1B, with a wax-up-like operationality. This paper then described two different metamorphosis operators capable of semi-automating the adjustment of contact with neighboring teeth and the positional shift of the cusps. Experiments designing the lower first molar demonstrated that both operations were completed successfully, without any additional adjustment. Consequently, Voes-1B was verified to be effective for semi-automating the CAD.
QoS-aware seamless handover schemes between heterogeneous networks in NGN (2010)

In this paper, we propose seamless handover scheme between heterogeneous networks by using a method which determines best target access network which can support required QoS in case of insufficient resource status of specific access network.
Configurations and control of magnetic fields for manipulating magnetic particles in microfluidic applications: magnet systems and manipulation mechanisms (2014)

The use of a magnetic field for manipulating the motion of magnetic particles in microchannels has attracted increasing attention in microfluidic applications. Generation of a flexible and controllable magnetic field plays a crucial role in making better use of the particle manipulation technology. Recent advances in the development of magnet systems and magnetic field control methods have shown that it has great potential for effective and accurate manipulation of particles in microfluidic systems. Starting with the analysis of magnetic forces acting on the particles, this review gives the configurations and evaluations of three main types of magnet system proposed in microfluidic applications. The interaction mechanisms of magnetic particles with magnetic fields are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE INDUCED CONVERSIONS OF 5‐HYDROXY‐DELTA(2)‐1,2,3‐TRIAZOLINS, INTERMEDIATES IN THE REACTIONS OF ORGANIC AZIDES WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1974)

Abstract Das Triazolin (VII) gibt bei der Behandlung mit KOH in Methanol das Triazol (VIII), Anilin (IX) und 3‐Diazo‐butanon (X).
World space surface pasting (1997)

Surface pasting is a composition method that applies features to base surfaces to provide details on the base surfaces. The location and size of a feature are determined by the transformations of the feature's domain. By modifying the domain layout of pasted surfaces, we can manipulate the appearance of a feature interactively in a Domain Space User Interface. However, this domain user interface is inconvenient because the user cannot interact with the three-dimensional model directly. In this paper, we describe a World Space User Interface that maps actions on the three space surfaces to two-dimensional domain operations.
Pro Android Games (2009)

Do you remember landmark games like Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, and Asteroids? Well, heres an exciting opportunity to build and/or port these games to one of the hottest mobile and netbooks platforms today: Googles Android. Pro Android Games teaches you how to build cool games like Space Blaster and the classic Asteroids from scratch on the latest Android platform. This book also shows you how to port other classic freeware/shareware games like Doom and Wolfenstein 3D from C using the Java Native Interface (JNI) for Android. This book is all about a unique perspective in Android game development: a well-balanced, powerful combination of pure Java and hybrid game development, mixing Java and C. By combining the elegant object-oriented features of Java and the raw power of C, there is no limit to the types of games that you can build for the platform. With actionable real-world source code in hand, this book allows you to dive right into games development on Android. Youll definitely have fun, and perhaps youll even make some money. Enjoy! What youll learn How to write/port advanced 3D games for any Android device. How to setup a Linux system for hybrid game compilation. How to combine Java and C code in an elegant manner by building a simple Java application on top of a native library. How to tackle pure Java gaming with two practical games: Space Blaster and the arcade classic Asteroids. How to mix OpenGL API calls in Java and C for high performance 3D graphics using the 3D cubes sample by Google. How to bring two of the greatest PC 3D shooters to the Android platform: Wolfenstein 3D and Doom using Java and C. Who is this book for? This book is for Google Android developers interested in game application development in Java or porting existing C-based games via JNI into Android and developing/deploying from there. It is targeted to developers who already know such basics of Android development as activity, view, and layout. Additionally, it assumes that you are a seasoned game developer in Java and C, and have a basic knowledge of Linux and Shell Scripting.
O-Acetylation of cellulose and monosaccharides using a zinc based ionic liquid (2005)

The efficient O-acetylation of monosaccharides and cellulose is demonstrated using a Lewis acidic ionic liquid based on choline chloride and zinc chloride.
Single- and Double-Coordination Mechanism in Ethylene Tri- and Tetramerization with Cr/PNP Catalysts (2015)

The mechanism of ethylene trimerization and tetramerization with a chromiumdiphosphinoamine (CrPNP) catalyst system has been studied with combined experimental and theoretical methods. Of the total product output, 1-octene, cyclopentanes, <i>n</i>-alkanes, and higher (C<sub>10+</sub>) olefins are formed with a fractional (&#8764;1.4) order response to ethylene concentration, whereas 1-hexene formation is approximately first-order in ethylene. Theoretical studies suggest a mechanism involving a cationic monometallic catalyst in Cr(I) and Cr(III) formal oxidation states. A key feature of the developed model is the occurrence of a double-coordination mechanism in which a bis(ethylene) chromacyclopentane intermediate is responsible for 1-octene formation as well as the other coproducts that have a greater than first-order response to ethylene. In contrast, 1-hexene is formed primarily from a mono(ethylene) chromacyclopentane intermediate. The selectivity of catalysis is governed by the competition between single- and double-coordination pathways. The mechanistic model developed displays excellent correlation with experimental observations and is able to fully explain the formation of all products generated with this catalyst.
Game Physics Engine Development: How to Build a Robust Commercial-Grade Physics Engine for your Game (2010)

--Powerful associated website offering: the full source code of the Cyclone physics engine, along with example applications that show the physics system in operation. The Cyclone engine has been used in commercial game development
Generation of Functionalized Asymmetric Benzynes with TMP-Zincates. Effects of Ligands on Selectivity and Reactivity of Zincates (2002)

We have developed new methods for preparing functionalized benzynes through deprotonative zincation as a key reaction using R2Zn(TMP)Li, and we also describes dramatic ligand effects on the benzyne formation. Deprotonative zincation of various meta-substituted bromobenzenes with Me2Zn(TMP)Li proved effective for the one-pot generation of various 3-functionalized benzynes, particularly those electrophilic substituents such as ester, amide, and cyano. On the other hand, zincation with tBu2Zn(TMP)Li, followed by electrophilic trapping (with I2) proved a powerful tool for the preparation of 1,2,3-trisubstituted aromatic compounds.8 The resultant 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzenes are available as precursors for generation of 3-substituted benzynes by halogen-zinc exchange reactions with Me3ZnLi. These methods offer far greater generality than previous methods for the synthesis of functionalized asymmetric benzynes, and should be of value in new syntheses of various natural products and functional materials. In addition, these results underline the utility of spectator ligands on the central metal of ate complexes as a tunable functionality in the development of new ate complex-promoted reactions.
A Monolithic and Self-Referenced RF LC Clock Generator Compliant With USB 2.0 (2007)

A monolithic and self-referenced radio frequency (RF) LC clock generator that is compliant with USB 2.0 is demonstrated in a system-on-chip (SoC). This work presents the first successful approach to replacing an external crystal (XTAL), the crystal oscillator (XO) and the phase-locked loop for clock generation in an IC supporting USB 2.0 using a standard CMOS fabrication process. It is shown that the primary design challenges with the implemented approach involve maintaining high frequency accuracy and low jitter. Techniques for addressing both are shown. In particular, the presented architecture exploits the effects of frequency division and low far-from-carrier phase noise to achieve low jitter. From a 1.536 GHz temperature-compensated LC reference oscillator, coherent clock signals are derived at 96MHz for the SoC logic and 12 MHz for an on-chip full-speed USB PHY. Though self-referenced, approximately plusmn400ppm total frequency accuracy is achieved over process variations, plusmn10% variation in the USB power supply voltage and temperature variation from -10 to +85degC. Measured period and cycle-to-cycle jitter are 6.78 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and 8.96 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> , respectively. Fabricated in a 0.35 mum CMOS technology, the clock generator occupies 0.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 9.5 mA from a 3.3-V supply, which is derived from the 5-V USB power supply
Thienopyrimidines. Part III. Synthesis of Novel Substituted Thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidinone Derivatives and their Condensed Products with Molluscicidal and Larvicidal activities (1999)

A range of novel substituted thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidinones are synthesized and screened for malluscicidal and larvicidal biological activity.
Immunization with an antigen identified by cytokine tumor vaccine-assisted SEREX (CAS) suppressed growth of the rat 9L glioma in vivo. (2001)

We have reported previously that s.c. immunization of rats with IL-4 transduced 9L gliosarcoma cells (9L-IL-4) induced a potent antitumor immunity against intracranial, parental 9L tumors. Subcutaneous implantation of 9L-IL-4 influenced the systemic humoral response, which was demonstrated by Th2-type isotype-switching and the induction of cellular immune responses, which played a critical role in the rejection of tumors. Serological analyses of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX), has recently emerged as a powerful method for serological identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and/or tumor rejection antigens (TRAs). Because IL-4 is known to activate B cells and to promote humoral responses, and inasmuch as induction of humoral responses by central nervous system tumors has been reported to be minimal, we investigated whether the induction of a potent humoral immune response against 9L TAAs or TRAs in rats immunized s.c. with 9L-IL4 could be demonstrated. Screening of 5 x 10(5) independent clones of 9L-expression cDNA library for the presence of reactive antibodies in the serum from a 91-IL-4 immunized rat led to the identification of three different TAAs. One 9L TAA (clone 29) was demonstrated to be calcyclin, a member of the S-100 family of calcium-binding proteins. The second 9L TAA (clone 37) was demonstrated to be the rat homologue of the J6B7 mouse immunomodulatory molecule. The third TAA (clones 158 and 171) was determined to be the rat homologue of the mouse Id-associated protein 1 (MIDA1), a DNA-binding, protein-associated protein. Northern blotting demonstrated that message for calcyclin was overexpressed in 9L cells. Message encoding MIDA1 was highly expressed in parental 9L cells and thymus and, to a lesser degree, in testis, suggesting that MIDA1 was comparable with the cancer/testis category of TAAs. Sera obtained from animals bearing 9L-IL-4 were found to have a higher a frequency and titer of antibodies to these antigens when compared with sera obtained from rats bearing sham-transduced 9L (9L-neo) cells. To determine whether immunization with these TAAs induced antitumor immunity, animals were immunized by intradermal injection with expression plasmids encoding calcyclin or MIDA1. Subsequent challenge of rats with parental 9L resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth in animals immunized with MIDA1, but not with calcyclin. These results indicate that MIDA1 is an effective 9L TRA and will be useful for the investigation of specific antitumor immunity in this glioma model. Furthermore, these results suggest that this approach, termed "cytokine-assisted SEREX (CAS)," may serve as an effective strategy for identification of TRAs for in animal-glioma models of cytokine gene therapy, and potentially in humans undergoing cytokine gene therapy protocols as well.