gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Das adrenogenitale Syndrom aufgrund eines 21-Hydroxylasemangels bei Männern (2012)

Das adrenogenitale Syndrom (AGS) umfasst eine Gruppe von Störungen der adrenalen Steroidbiosynthese, die zu einem Mangel an Kortisol, einem Androgenexzess und in etwa 2/3 der Fälle auch zu einem Mangel an Aldosteron führen. In etwa 95 % der Fälle wird das AGS durch einen Defekt der 21-Hydroxylase verursacht. Das Neugeborenenscreening, die frühzeitige Diagnose und eine ausgewogene Gluko- und Mineralokortikoidersatztherapie ermöglichen den Patienten heutzutage eine (fast) normale Lebenserwartung, sodass die Vermeidung von langfristigen Komplikationen und Komorbiditäten von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Aus historischen Gründen ist in der Literatur primär die spezifische Problematik bei Frauen untersucht worden, dieser Übersichtsartikel soll dagegen auf die klinischen Gegebenheiten und Herausforderungen bei Männern eingehen. Zentrale Problemfelder bei Männern sind wie bei Frauen in der Kindheit das Längenwachstum, die Pubertätsentwicklung und die Vermeidung von Salzverlustkrisen. Danach gilt es, eine geregelte Transition in die Erwachsenenendokrinologie sicherzustellen. Im Erwachsenenalter gilt das Hauptaugenmerk kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Risiken, der Knochendichte und der Fertilitätserhaltung.
Transforming Dependency Structures to Logical Forms for Semantic Parsing (2016)

The strongly typed syntax of grammar formalisms such as CCG, TAG, LFG and HPSG offers a synchronous framework for deriving syntactic structures and semantic logical forms. In contrast—partly due to the lack of a strong type system—dependency structures are easy to annotate and have become a widely used form of syntactic analysis for many languages. However, the lack of a type system makes a formal mechanism for deriving logical forms from dependency structures challenging. We address this by introducing a robust system based on the lambda calculus for deriving neo-Davidsonian logical forms from dependency trees. These logical forms are then used for semantic parsing of natural language to Freebase. Experiments on the Free917 and Web-Questions datasets show that our representation is superior to the original dependency trees and that it outperforms a CCG-based representation on this task. Compared to prior work, we obtain the strongest result to date on Free917 and competitive results on WebQuestions.
Duodenum Intestine-Chip for preclinical drug assessment in a human relevant model (2020)

Induction of intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes can complicate the development of new drugs, owing to the potential to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) leading to changes in pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. The development of a human-relevant model of the adult intestine that accurately predicts CYP450 induction could help address this challenge as species differences preclude extrapolation from animals. Here, we combined organoids and Organs-on-Chips technology to create a human Duodenum Intestine-Chip that emulates intestinal tissue architecture and functions, that are relevant for the study of drug transport, metabolism, and DDI. Duodenum Intestine-Chip demonstrates the polarized cell architecture, intestinal barrier function, presence of specialized cell subpopulations, and <i>in vivo</i> relevant expression, localization, and function of major intestinal drug transporters. Notably, in comparison to Caco-2, it displays improved CYP3A4 expression and induction capability. This model could enable improved <i>in vitro</i> to <i>in vivo</i> extrapolation for better predictions of human pharmacokinetics and risk of DDIs.
Prolylcarboxypeptidase regulates food intake by inactivating α-MSH in rodents (2009)

The anorexigenic neuromodulator alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH; referred to here as alpha-MSH1-13) undergoes extensive posttranslational processing, and its in vivo activity is short lived due to rapid inactivation. The enzymatic control of alpha-MSH1-13 maturation and inactivation is incompletely understood. Here we have provided insight into alpha-MSH1-13 inactivation through the generation and analysis of a subcongenic mouse strain with reduced body fat compared with controls. Using positional cloning, we identified a maximum of 6 coding genes, including that encoding prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), in the donor region. Real-time PCR revealed a marked genotype effect on Prcp mRNA expression in brain tissue. Biochemical studies using recombinant PRCP demonstrated that PRCP removes the C-terminal amino acid of alpha-MSH1-13, producing alpha-MSH1-12, which is not neuroactive. We found that Prcp was expressed in the hypothalamus in neuronal populations that send efferents to areas where alpha-MSH1-13 is released from axon terminals. The inhibition of PRCP activity by small molecule protease inhibitors administered peripherally or centrally decreased food intake in both wild-type and obese mice. Furthermore, Prcp-null mice had elevated levels of alpha-MSH1-13 in the hypothalamus and were leaner and shorter than the wild-type controls on a regular chow diet; they were also resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Our results suggest that PRCP is an important component of melanocortin signaling and weight maintenance via control of active alpha-MSH1-13 levels.
Radon and Its Decay Products (1987)

This volume contains the reports presented at a symposium held as part of the 191th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The chapters present recent findings on a number of aspects of the indoor radon problem. In this introductory chapter, an overview of these reports is presented that highlights some of these results and suggests areas where uncertainties still remain.
Usage of the Chameleon Accelerator for Color Transformations (1994)

A hardware color transformation accelerator, in CMOS ASIC form, and its usage are described. The CHAMELEON ASIC performs multi-dimensional tetrahaedral interpolations at a speed of 10 Million (32bit) pixels per second. The achieved accuracy of the color transformation is a major topic, which strongly depends upon the kind of interpolation used. A report is made on the application of this ASIC in different fields of the graphics industry and the achieved results are compared to the desired market needs.
On the Analysis of Efficient Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

This paper presents the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of a hybrid Media Access Control protocol, called CT-MAC, for wireless sensor networks. It is a contention-based TDMA protocol that assimilates the strong points of CSMA and TDMA while offsetting their weaknesses. Based on an adaptive contention/doze and communication/dormancy duty cycle, CT-MAC can efficiently decrease the energy consumption on idle listening. Equipped with the extended RTS-CTS handshake, CT-MAC use the distributed MNLS detection technique to pick out effective links for each time-slot as many as possible. Simulations are performed between CT-MAC and B-MAC, which is regarded is the best CSMA-based sensor MAC protocol. The results show that our CT-MAC protocol is in the ascendant both in energy efficiency and in QoS optimization.
Evaporation of thin oxide layer from Si-(111) surface (simulation) (2008)

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of thin oxide evaporation from silicon surface was carried out. Including in MC model chemical reactions of creation and dissociation of silicon monoxide during annealing makes it possible to simulate evaporation of a thin oxide layers. It was shown, that defects in the oxide matrix provoke starting of the layer dissociation processes.
Chemical conjugation of ΔF508-CFTR corrector deoxyspergualin to transporter human serum albumin enhances its ability to rescue Cl<sup>−</sup>channel functions (2008)

The most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, the deletion of Phe508, encodes a protein (DeltaF508-CFTR) that fails to fold properly, thus mutated DeltaF508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is recognized and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Chemical and pharmacological chaperones and ligand-induced transport open options for designing specific drugs to control protein (mis)folding or transport. A class of compounds that has been proposed as having potential utility in DeltaF508-CFTR is that which targets the molecular chaperone and proteasome systems. In this study, we have selected deoxyspergualin (DSG) as a reference molecule for this class of compounds and for ease of cross-linking to human serum albumin (HSA) as a protein transporter. Chemical cross-linking of DSG to HSA via a disulfide-based cross-linker and its administration to cells carrying DeltaF508-CFTR resulted in a greater enhancement of DeltaF508-CFTR function than when free DSG was used. Function of the selenium-dependent oxidoreductase system was required to allow intracellular activation of HSA-DSG conjugates. The principle that carrier proteins can deliver pharmacological chaperones to cells leading to correction of defective CFTR functions is therefore proven and warrants further investigations.
DSP solution for wall-climber micro-robot control using TMS320LF2407 chip (2002)

This paper describes the controller design for a wall-climber micro-robot using a DSP chip. Because of its high-speed performance, its support for multi-motor control and its low power consumption, the TMS320LF2407 DSP from Texas Instruments (TI) demonstrates itself as an ideal candidate of the single chip controller for the wall-climber micro-robot.
Back-gated CMOS on SOIAS for dynamic threshold voltage control (1997)

The simultaneous reduction of power supply and threshold voltages for low-power design without suffering performance losses will eventually reach the limit of diminishing returns as static leakage power dissipation becomes a significant portion of the total power consumption. This is especially acute in systems that are idling most of the time. In order to meet the opposing requirements of high performance at reduced power supply voltage and low-static leakage power during idle periods, a dynamic threshold voltage control scheme is proposed. A novel Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI)-based technology called Silicon-On-Insulator-with-Active-Substrate (SOIAS) was developed whereby a back-gate is used to control the threshold voltage of the front-gate; this concept was demonstrated on a selectively scaled CMOS process implementing discrete devices and ring oscillators. For a 250 mV switch in threshold voltage, a reduction of 3-4 decades in subthreshold leakage current was measured.
Serum amyloid P component binds to cell nuclei in vitro and to in vivo deposits of extracellular chromatin in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1989)

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the single plasma protein that, from the milieu of whole normal human serum, undergoes specific calcium-dependent binding to isolated DNA and chromatin in vitro. We now report for the first time that SAP in whole serum also undergoes calcium-dependent binding to nuclei of epidermal cells in sections of normal human skin and to nuclei of fixed Hep-2 cells, a human epithelial cell line. Furthermore, and most importantly, SAP was detected in association with unusual globular dermal deposits of nuclear material in skin biopsies from two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This is the first evidence for binding of SAP to extracellular chromatin in vivo and supports the idea that SAP may have an important physiological role in the disposal of this material.
Capecitabine (X) plus irinotecan (XELIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): Final safety findings from a phase II trial (2004)

3602 Background: The oral fluoropyrimidine X (Xeloda) has superior efficacy and improved safety compared to 5-FU/LV in MCRC. Twice-daily oral X mimics 5-FU infusion and is replacing 5-FU in combination regimens. The efficacy and safety of X plus weekly irinotecan (XELIRI) were evaluated in first-line MCRC. Methods: Recommended doses from two independent phase I trials were: irinotecan 250 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice-daily on days 1–15, every 3 weeks. Patients (pts) ≥65 years received lower doses of both agents (200 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 750 mg/m2 twice-daily on days 1–15, respectively). Results: Baseline characteristics of the 52 pts enrolled between Oct 2001 and Aug 2003: 29 men, 23 women; median Karnofsky PS 90 (70–100); median age 57.5 (30–79); colon cancer (85%), rectal cancer (11%), both (4%). Tumor differentiation was 15% poor, 63% moderate, 12% well, and 10% unknown. Most common metastatic sites were the liver (77%), lymph nodes (58%), and lung (33%), with 69% of pts having stage IV disease at initial diagnosis. Eleven pts (22%) had received prior adjuvant 5-FU. The median number of treatment cycles is currently 6 (maximum 12 cycles allowed). In the 51 patients evaluable for safety, the most common (>5%) treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were diarrhea (20%), vomiting (16%), dehydration (8%, 1 patient grade 4), nausea (6%), and HFS (6%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 26% of pts. There were no treatment-related deaths. Twenty-seven of 44 evaluable pts (61%) showed a response to treatment (1 unconfirmed) and disease control (CR+PR+SD) was achieved in 37 pts (84%). Median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival are currently 6.1 months and 15.6 months, respectively. Conclusions: XELIRI is a highly active and well-tolerated first-line therapy for MCRC. Efficacy compares favorably with previous studies of infusional 5-FU/LV/irinotecan, and safety of XELIRI is comparable to that of FOLFIRI and IFL regimens. Capecitabine should replace 5-FU in combination with irinotecan to create an effective, safe, and convenient treatment option in first-line MCRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Hoffmann-La Roche; Novartis Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche; Lilly; Pfizer; Novartis
The electronic structure of uranium dioxide: an oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption study (1997)

The O K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum of is presented and interpreted. A comparison with that corresponding to is made. First-principles-based calculations using the LSDA+U approach allows us to link each feature present in the spectra to the specific atomic arrangement and electronic structure of the compound. The structures at the edge originate from oxygen 2p states hybridized with U 5f and 6d orbitals and the 6d splitting is found to be 4.8 eV. The structures due to O 2p - U 5f hybridization are found to be lower in energy than the structures due to the O 2p - U 6d hybridization. On this basis, can be considered as an f - f Mott - Hubbard insulator.
Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy for rotor failure in an octorotor (2015)

This paper presents a fault tolerant approach for a coaxial octorotor regarding rotor failures. A complete architecture including error detection, fault isolation and system recovery is presented. The diagnosis system is designed with a nonlinear observer to generate residuals and an inference model to evaluate them and isolate the faulty motor. Once the motor failure is diagnosed, a recovery algorithm is applied. It uses the built-in hardware redundancy of the octorotor and compensates the loss of the failing motor by controlling its dual to keep a stable flight that allows the multirotor to continue its mission. This architecture is validated on real flights.
[Clinical study of two fixed prosthetics in dentition defect of Kennedy I and II type]. (2010)

Fixed prosthetics supported by implant alone and by both implant and natural teeth, in dentition defect of Kennedy I or II is feasible and its clinical effect is satisfactory. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Fengxian District, Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.96-3).
Postoperative Autotransfusion of Concentrated Drainage Blood in Cardiac Surgery:<i>Experience with a New Autotransfusion System</i> (1987)

A new autotransfusion system was evaluated postoperatively in six patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. A hollow fiber hemofilter was integrated in the system, making it possible to concentrate the shed blood. The device functioned well, 825 ml diluted mediastinal drainage blood with a hematocrit of 23 was concentrated to a volume of 475 ml with a hematocrit of 36 and retransfused. Proteins were preserved, thus albumin concentration increased from 23 to 37 g/l in the autotransfusate. No negative side effects were registered after autotransfusion. A thorough coagulation study after retransfusion did not reveal any sign of activation of the coagulation cascade, nor were there any signs of an increased fibrinolysis.
Affinity, Kinetic, and Structural Study of the Interaction of 3-<i>O</i>-Sulfotransferase Isoform 1 with Heparan Sulfate (2006)

The 3-O-sulfonation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate (HS) by 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) is a key substitution that is present in HS sequences of biological importance, in particular HS anticoagulant activity. Six different isoforms of 3-OST have been identified that exhibit different substrate specificity. In this paper the affinity and kinetics of the interaction between 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1 (3-OST-1) and HS have been examined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). 3-OST-1 binds with micomolar affinity to HS (K(D) = 2.79 microM), and this interaction is apparently independent of the presence of the coenzyme, 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). A conformational change in the complex has also been detected, supporting data from previous studies. Selected 3-OST-1 mutants have provided valuable information of amino acid residues that participate in 3-OST-1 interaction with HS substrate and its catalytic activity. The results from this study contribute to understanding the substrate specificity among the 3-OST isoforms and in the mechanism of 3-OST-1-catalyzed biosynthesis of anticoagulant HS.
Functional Implications of CD34 Expression in Human Adipose–Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells (2009)

CD34 is frequently used as a marker of adipose-derived stem/stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs). However, CD34 expression in human ASCs (hASCs) decreases over time in culture, and the implications of this remain unclear. In this study, we sorted shortly-cultured hASCs into CD34+ and CD34- fractions and compared their biological functions. Results indicated that CD34+ hASCs were more proliferative and had a greater ability to form colonies. In contrast, CD34- cells showed a greater ability for differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Both CD34+ and CD34- cells showed similar abilities in migration and capillary formation in response to growth factors. Expression levels of endothelial progenitor markers (Flk-1, FLT1, and Tie-2) were higher in CD34+ cells, whereas those of pericyte markers (CD146, NG2, and alpha-smooth muscle actin) were higher in CD34- cells. Both CD34+ and CD34- cells showed similar expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, although hypoxia affected the expression levels. Together these results suggest that CD34 expression in hASCs may correlate with replicative capacity, differentiation potentials, expression profiles of angiogenesis-related genes, and immaturity or stemness of the cells. Loss of CD34 expression may be related to the physiological process of commitment and/or differentiation from immature status into specific lineages such as adipose, bone, or smooth muscle.
Influencing factors of job waiting time variance on a single machine (2007)

When a batch of jobs are waiting for services from a machine or resource, sometimes it is desirable to minimise the variance of job waiting times Waiting Time Variance (WTV) for service stability to all the jobs in the batch so that the jobs have about the same waiting times. Many factors, including the sum of the jobs' processing times, the probability distribution of job processing times and the scheduling method may influence the variance of job waiting times. In this paper, we use multivariate exploratory techniques such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA) along with other statistical analysis techniques to investigate these factors. We prove that the expected WTV can be predicted given characteristics of the jobs. These findings can be applied to achieve a desire level of WTV for service stability.
Investigating spatial vision and dynamic attentional selection using a gaze-contingent multiresolutional display. (2002)

This study examined spatial vision and attentional selection using a gaze-contingent multiresolutional display, with a dynamic, gaze-centered, high-resolution window and lower resolution periphery. Visual search times and eye movements from 15 participants in a 3 x 3 design (Window Radius x Peripheral Resolution) suggest that contrast sensitivity as a function of retinal eccentricity affects attentional selection and visual processing. Smaller windows led to longer search times and shorter saccades; lower peripheral resolution also shortened saccades (all ps < .05) as a result of avoiding fixating degraded areas. Fixation durations, although longer for smaller windows (p < .05), were unaffected by whether the next saccade went within or outside the window. These results are explained through (a) competition among potential saccade targets where above-threshold filtering reduces an object's relative salience and (b) generally disrupted visual processing.
Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Stabilized Colloidal Polyaniline Dispersions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(vinyl methyl ether) Stabilized Colloidal Polyaniline DispersionsPallab Banerjee, Sailendra N. Bhattacharyya, and Broja M. MandalCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 7, 2414–2418Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00007a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00007a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Attenuation Properties of Ultrasmall BiOI Nanoparticles: Toward Renal Clearable Particulate CT Contrast Agents (2014)

A unique decelerated hydrolytic procedure is developed and reported here for the preparation of ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) of PVP-coated BiOI with a narrow size distribution, i.e., 2.8 ± 0.5 nm. The crystal structure of this compound is determined by X-ray powder diffraction using the bulk materials. The stability, cytotoxicity, and potential use of the PVP-coated ultrasmall BiOI NPs as a CT contrast agent are investigated. Because of the combined X-ray attenuation effect of bismuth and iodine, such NPs exhibit a CT value that is among the best of those of the inorganic nanoparticle-based CT contrast agents reported in the literature.