gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel mechanism of FK506‐mediated neuroprotection: Downregulation of cytokine expression in glial cells (2004)

Immunosuppressant FK506 is neuroprotective in experimental models of cerebral ischemia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unknown. We have demonstrated that FK506 inhibits the signaling pathways that regulate hypertrophic/proliferative responses in cultured astrocytes. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with the proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes and with inflammatory responses. In the present work, we sought to determine whether FK506 neuroprotection after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rat is mediated via suppression of glia activation and changes in cytokine expression. Neurological deficits, infarct size, and astrocyte/microglial response were quantified in rats subjected to 90 min of MCAo. Changes in the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in ipsilateral and contralateral cortices were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). FK506 administered at 1 mg/kg, 60 min after MCAo, produced a significant improvement in neurological function and reduction of infarct volume. In FK506-treated rats, a significant reduction of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha expression was observed 12 h after reperfusion. FK506 neuroprotection was associated with a significant downregulation of IL-1beta expression in astrocytes and microglia in the injured side. FK506 selectively decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta mRNAs in astrocytes in vitro, with no effect on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and IL-6 expression. Moreover, FK506 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation and cytokine expression in microglia in vitro. Our findings suggest that astrocytes and microglia are targets for FK506, and that modulation of glial response and inflammation may be a mechanism of FK506-mediated neuroprotection in ischemia.
Development of Tantalum Pentoxide Coatings by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1994)

Thermochemical considerations clearly indicate a need for the protection of SiC and Si 3 N 4 materials from HC1‐ and Na 2 SO 4 ‐induced corrosion. Ta 2 O 5 has been identified as a material which may be suitable for such a protective coating. Thermodynamic calculations have indicated a range of temperatures, pressures, and reactant concentrations under which Ta 2 O 5 coatings may be formed as a single phase by chemical vapor deposition. Ta 2 O 5 coatings exhibiting a range of microstructures were obtained experimentally.
A compact SOI model for fully-depleted and partially-depleted 0.25 μm SIMOX devices (2003)

A compact SOI MOSFET model based on the Bsim3v3 bulk model with new features of effective substrate bias and transition voltage concepts to cover the transition behavior from partially-depleted to fully-depleted modes, R/sub out/ smoothing, enhanced models for impact ionization, L/sub eff/-dependent parasitic BJT and self-heating is proposed. Results obtained from this model are in excellent agreement with the experimental I-V, C-V and propagation-delay time data.
A LOW POWER, LOW PHASE NOISE FBAR OSCILLATOR (2009)

ABSTRACT A novel low power, low phase noise CMOS oscillator based on thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is submitted in this paper, which aims at application in wireless sensor networks. This oscillator is designed as current-reuse configuration to reduce power dissipation. The simulation results show that the oscillator operating at 1.878 GHz consumes 1.8 mW with a low supply voltage of 900 mV. That is only a half of power consumption of the conventional topologies. Moreover, its phase noises are -107 dBc/Hz and -135 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 100 kHz offsets respectively, and its FOM is -238 dBc/Hz.
Diethyldipyridylnickel. Preparation, Characterization, and Reactions (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethyldipyridylnickel. Preparation, Characterization, and ReactionsTaro Saito, Yasuzo Uchida, Akira Misono, Akio Yamamoto, Kazuhiko Morifuji, and Sakuji IkedaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5198–5201Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00974a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Determination of the Solubility of Silver Chloride by an Electrometric Titration Method (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Determination of the Solubility of Silver Chloride by an Electrometric Titration MethodAlfred S. Brown and D. A. MacInnesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 3, 459–465Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01306a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01306a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Giant Magnetic Anisotropy in Tetragonal FeCo Alloys (2004)

In order to further increase the recording density in hard disk drives, new media materials are required. Two essential parameters of future recording media are a large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) K(u) and a large saturation magnetization M(s). Based on first-principles theory, we predict that very specific structural distortions of FeCo alloys possess these desired properties. The discovered alloy has a saturation magnetization that is about 50% larger than that of FePt--a compound that has received considerable attention lately-with a uniaxial MAE that can easily be tailored reaching a maximum value that is 50% larger than that of FePt.
Luminescence of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. Part 11.—Energy transfer in zinc–metal-free porphyrin dimers (1986)

A series of covalently linked Zn–H2 porphyrin dimers has been synthesized. The linkage consists of a flexible alkoxy chain of variable length. Absorption spectroscopy shows that there is some exciton coupling between the two porphyrin rings, whilst fluorescence spectroscopy shows that the ZnP unit transfers singlet-state excitation energy to the H2P. From time-resolved fluorescence studies it is concluded that the dimers exist in solution in different, non-equilibrating conformations. A partially closed form permits reasonably close approach of the two porphyrin rings so that Förster energy transfer is efficient. In a fully extended form the two porphyrins are held too far apart for energy transfer to compete effectively with non-radiative decay of the ZnP excited singlet state. Triplet energy transfer is not observed, owing to unfavourable orientations for exchange coupling, whilst redox ion intermediates are not seen, even in polar solvent.
Imatinib Mesylate Resistance Through BCR-ABL Independence in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (2004)

Imatinib mesylate (IM) binds to the BCR-ABL protein, inhibiting its kinase activity and effectively controlling diseases driven by this kinase. IM resistance has been associated with kinase mutations or increased BCR-ABL expression. However, disease progression may be mediated by other mechanisms that render tumor cells independent of BCR-ABL. To demonstrate this potential, IM-resistant cells were found in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with continuous BCR-ABL gene expression but undetectable BCR-ABL protein expression. These cells were unresponsive to IM and acquired BCR-ABL-independent signaling characteristics. IM resistance in some patients may be mediated through loss of kinase target dependence.
Optimization of single crystals of solid electrolytes with tysonite-type structure (LaF3) for conductivity at 293 K: 2. Nonstoichiometric phases R 1−y M y F3−y (R = La-Lu, Y; M = Sr, Ba) (2015)

Single crystals of fluorine-conducting solid electrolytes R 1 − y Sr y F3 − y and R 1 − y Ba y F3 − y (R = La-Lu, Y) with a tysonite-type structure (LaF3) have been optimized for room-temperature conductivity σ293 K. The optimization is based on high-temperature measurements of σ(T) in two-component nonstoichiometric phases R 1 − y M y F3 − y (M = Sr, Ba) as a function of the MF2 content. Optimization for thermal stability is based on studying the phase diagrams of MF2-RF3 systems (M = Sr, Ba) and the behavior of nonstoichiometric crystals upon heating when measuring temperature dependences σ(T). Single crystals of many studied R 1 − y Sr y F3 − y and R 1 − y Ba y F3 − y phases have σ293 K values large enough to use these materials in solid-state electrochemical devices (chemical sensors, fluorine-ion batteries, accumulators, etc.) operating at room temperature.
Lanthanide-containing polyimides (1987)

The preparation of a variety of lanthanide-containing polyimide films is described, and results of their characterization are presented. The properties investigated include the glass transition temperature, thermooxidative stability, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity of the polymer. Films containing lanthanide chlorides, fluorides, and sulfides are flexible, but those containing lanthanide nitrates are extremely brittle. The addition of lanthanide acetates and acetylacetonates caused immediate gelation of two of the synthesis-mixture ingredients. It was found that, in general, the addition of lanthanide to the polyimide increases the density and glass transition temperature of the polymer but slightly decreases the thermooxidative stability.
Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease (2011)

We evaluated the genetic contribution of the leukotriene (LT) pathway to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 4,512 Caucasian and African American subjects ascertained through elective cardiac evaluation. Of the three previously associated variants, the shorter "3" and "4" alleles of a promoter repeat polymorphism in ALOX5 increased risk of CAD in African Americans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9; p = 0.04), whereas a haplotype of LTA4H (HapK) was associated with CAD in Caucasians (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.4; p = 0.03). In Caucasians, first-stage analysis of 254 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 15 LT pathway genes with follow-up of 19 variants in stage 2 revealed an LTA4H SNP (rs2540477) that increased risk of CAD (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.5; p = 0.003) and a PLA2G4A SNP (rs12746200) that decreased risk of CAD (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9; p = 0.0007). The PLA2G4A rs12746200 variant also decreased risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) over 3 years of follow-up (HR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.01), consistent with its cardioprotective effect. Functional experiments demonstrated that stimulated monocytes from carriers of LTA4H variants HapK or rs2540477 had 50% (p = 0.002) and 33% (p = 0.03) higher LTB(4) production, respectively, compared to non-carriers. These ex vivo results are consistent with LTB(4) being the direct product of the reaction catalyzed by LTA4H and its role in promoting monocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, including the artery wall of atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that functional genetic variation of the LT pathway can mediate atherogenic processes and the risk of CAD in humans.
The Stability of Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Anhydrides (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stability of Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic AnhydridesD. STANLEY TARBELL and NORMAN A. LEISTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1149–1152Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views710Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Site‐directed mutagenesis reveals the importance of disulfide bridges and aromatic residues for structure and proliferative activity of human Interleukin‐4 (1991)

Mutant proteins (muteins) of human Interleukin-4 (IL4) were constructed by means of in vitro mutagenesis. The muteins were expressed in E. coli, submitted to a renaturation and purification protocol and analysed for biological activity. Exchange of the cysteines at either position 46 or 99 which form one of the three disulfide bridges resulted in a nearly complete loss of biological activity and an unstable protein. The exchange of tyrosine 124 also inactivated the protein, while a mutation of tyrosine 56 left some residual activity. Exchange of the other four cysteines or of the single tryptophane had smaller effects.
Reduced Tumorigenicity and Augmented Leukocyte Infiltration After Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 ( <i>MCP-3</i> ) Gene Transfer: Perivascular Accumulation of Dendritic Cells in Peritumoral Tissue and Neutrophil Recruitment Within the Tumor (1998)

Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) is a C-C chemokine that interacts with the CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 receptors and has a spectrum of action encompassing T cells, NK cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells (DC), in addition to mononuclear phagocytes. This broad spectrum of action prompted the present study aimed at assessing the antitumor activity of MCP-3 in a gene transfer approach and at providing information as to the actual in vivo leukocyte recruiting capacity of MCP-3. P815 mastocytoma cells transfected with the gene coding MCP-3 (P815/MCP-3) grew in syngeneic hosts and underwent rejection. Rejection was associated with profound alterations of leukocyte infiltration and resistance to subsequent challenge with P815 cells. Tumor-associated macrophages, already present in copious numbers, T cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils, increased in tumor tissues after gene transfer. DC, identified as DEC205+, high MHC class II+, CD11c+ cells, did not increase substantially in the tumor mass. However, in peritumoral tissues, DC accumulated in perivascular areas. P815/MCP-3-transfected tumor cells grew normally in nude mice. Increased accumulation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils was evident also in nude mice. mAb against CD4, CD8, and IFN-gamma, but not against IL-4, inhibited rejection of MCP-3-producing cells. An anti-polymorphonuclear mAb caused only a retardation of MCP-3-elicited tumor rejection. Thus, MCP-3 gene transfer elicits tumor rejection by activating type I T cell-dependent immunity. It is tempting to speculate that altered trafficking of APCs, which express receptors and respond to MCP-3, together with recruitment of activated T cells, underlies activation of specific immunity by MCP-3-transfected cells.
GlucoWatch <sup>®</sup> G2™ Biographer Alarm Reliability During Hypoglycemia in Children (2004)

The down alert alarm substantially improves the sensitivity of the GW2B to detect hypoglycemia at the price of a large increase in the false alarm rate. The utility of these alarms in the day-to-day management of children with diabetes remains to be determined.
An Electric Field Meter with Extended Frequency Range (1954)

The frequency range of a field meter of the field mill type has been extended by applying a system of balanced modulation. This is achieved by incorporating two complementary sets of stators. The amplified signals from the stators are detected in a clamping circuit. In the instrument which is described, the frequency range extends to 22 kcps although the modulation frequency is 120 cps. The method by which the frequency range has been extended can be adapted to other instruments employing mechanical modulation.
A screening method to assess biological effects of microRNA overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of short non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate target gene expression at post-transcriptional level. They mediate an important layer of control in the global regulation of gene networks, controlling a broad range of physiological as well as patho-physiological pathways including development, cancer, metabolism, proliferation, and stress resistance. So far, more than 365 miRNA genes have been identified in CHO cells. The functional analysis of the physiological effect of such large numbers of miRNAs, however, requires an efficient functional screening method. In the current study, we therefore established and evaluated a protocol to perform miRNA overexpression and to screen their effect on bio-industrially relevant phenotypes, such as growth, viability and productivity, using a recombinant, Epo-Fc producing CHO cell line. For protocol optimization, four CHO miRNAs (cgr-miR-17, cgr-miR-221, cgr-miR-21, and cgr-miR-210) were cloned into small hairpin vectors including a GFP cassette and transfected. After transfection cells were analyzed for growth and productivity over a 4-day period. Even from this small set of four miRNAs, the overexpression of miR-17, one of the members of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster, gave proof of principle that this method enables the identification of miRNA engineering candidates as its overexpression increased the speed of cell proliferation without negatively impacting specific productivity. The here presented method is applicable for medium-throughput screening for microRNA, miR-sponge, siRNA, or mRNA overexpression along with detailed functional characterization using the same experimental set up. As the same procedure can be applied to different production cell lines, the protocol can also be used to test for individual, cell line specific responses to microRNAs. Thus our system represents a general platform to functionally screen candidates for rational cell factory design.
Two-dimensional Bose plasma in a magnetic field (1994)

We investigate the dielectric response of a planar Bose plasma in the presence of a constant external magnetic field. The conductivity tensor is derived in the self-consistent random-phase approximation. The tensor components are evaluated at zero temperature, leading to explicit dispersion relations for the electrodynamic modes of the plasma. For plasma layers, longitudinal and transverse modes are in general coupled. These coupled modes are investigated in detail.
New sorting-based lossless motion estimation algorithms and a partial distortion elimination performance analysis (2005)

In video encoding, block motion estimation represents a CPU-intensive task. For this reason, many fast algorithms have been developed to improve searching and matching phases. A milestone within the lossless approach is partial distortion elimination (PDE/SpiralPDE) in which distortion is the difference between the block to be coded and the candidate prediction block. In this paper, (i) we analyze distortion behavior from local information using the Taylor series expansion and show that our general analysis includes other previous similar approaches. (ii) Then, we propose two full-search (lossless), fast-matching, block motion estimation algorithms, based on the PDE idea. The proposed algorithms, called fast full search with sorting by distortion (FFSSD) and fast full search with sorting by gradient (FFSSG), sort the contributions to distortion and the gradient values, respectively, in order to quickly discard invalid blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms outperform other existing full search algorithms, reducing by up to 20% the total CPU encoding time (with respect to SpiralPDE), while the computation strictly required by the motion estimation is reduced by about 30%. (iii) Finally, we experimentally find an operational lower bound (based on standard test sequences) for the average number of checked pixels in the PDE approach, which measures the performance of the searching and matching phases. In particular, SpiralPDE achieves performances very close to the searching phase bound, while there is still a remarkable margin on the matching phase. We then show that our algorithms, aimed at improving the performances of the matching phase, achieve interesting results, significantly approaching this margin.
Immune response to infection with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in mice (2000)

Infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium results in systemic infection and a disease similar to that seen in humans after infection with S. typhi. The innate immune system can restrict replication of S. typhimurium to a certain degree, but for effective control and eradication of bacteria, acquired immunity is essential. Salmonella infection induces the generation of specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and both T cell populations are important for protection during primary and secondary responses, although the mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated protection are not yet completely understood. Infection with S. typhimurium also results in a strong antibody response to Salmonella antigens and, in contrast to most other intracellular bacteria, this antibody response participates in protection. In summary, the response to S. typhimurium involves both T and B cell-mediated immunity, and mechanisms mediated by both lymphocyte populations are important for control of primary infection and protection against secondary infection.