gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spreading the signal for vasodilatation: implications for skeletal muscle blood flow control and the effects of ageing (2012)

Blood flow control requires coordinated contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) along and among the arterioles and feed arteries that comprise vascular resistance networks. Whereas smooth muscle contraction of resistance vessels is enhanced by noradrenaline release along perivascular sympathetic nerves, the endothelium is integral to coordinating smooth muscle relaxation. Beyond producing nitric oxide in response to agonists and shear stress, endothelial cells (ECs) provide an effective conduit for conducting hyperpolarization along vessel branches and into surrounding SMCs through myoendothelial coupling. In turn, bidirectional signalling from SMCs into ECs enables the endothelium to moderate adrenergic vasoconstriction in response to sympathetic nerve activity. This review focuses on the endothelium as the cellular pathway that coordinates spreading vasodilatation. We discuss the nature and regulation of cell-to-cell coupling through gap junctions, bidirectional signalling between ECs and SMCs, and how oxidative stress during ageing may influence respective signalling pathways. Our recent findings illustrate the role of small (SK(Ca)) and intermediate (IK(Ca)) Ca(2+) activated K(+) channels as modulators of electrical conduction along the endothelium. Gaps in current understanding indicate the need to determine mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and ion channel activation in the resistance vasculature with advancing age.
Interaction of vasopressin and prostaglandins in the toad urinary bladder. (1980)

Prostaglandins are important modulators of the action of vasopressin. Others researchers have proposed that vasopressin stimulates prostaglandin synthesis, completing a negative feedback loop and thereby limiting vasopressin's antidiuretic effect. We have re-examined this question, using specific radioimmunoassay and thin-layer radiochromatography to determine prostaglandin synthesis by the toad bladder. Under control conditions, the bladder synthesizes prostaglandin (PG)E2 and thromboxane (TX)B2. There was no evidence for synthesis of PGE1 or PGF2 alpha by radioimmunoassay, or of other prostaglandins by radiochromatography. Furthermore, there was no evidence for metabolism of PGE2 by the bladder. Using a variety of protocols, in isolated epithelial cells as well as intact bladders, we were unable to detect any significant increase in PGE2 or TXB2 synthesis after stimulation with arginine vasopressin (AVP) or deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Arachidonic acid, the specific precursor of prostaglandin synthesis, increased PGE2 synthesis twofold, and significantly inhibited AVP- and DDAVP-stimulated water flow by 60 and 75%, respectively. Naproxen and acetaminophen inhibited prostaglandin synthesis and enhanced water flow in response to AVP and DDAVP (44-54%). Our findings indicate that the toad bladder produces tow prostaglandins, PGE2 and TXB2, and that vasopressin does not alter their rate of synthesis. Because agents such as acetaminophen and naproxen inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and enhance vasopressin- and DDAVP-stimulated water flow, we suggest that it is the inhibitory effect of these agents on the hormone-independent rate of prostaglandin synthesis that is responsible for their enhancement of water flow. Furthermore, because AVP appears to increase prostaglandin synthesis by the intact kidney, we suggest that cells other than those of the collecting tubule are responsible for the increased prostaglandin production.
Assessment of Performance, Emission and Combustion Behaviour of a WCO Based Diesel Engine Using Oxygen Enrichment Technique (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper aims at studying the effect of oxygen enriched combustion on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil (WCO) derived from palm oil as fuel. A single cylinder water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine was used. The intake system of the engine was modified to accommodate excess oxygen in the incoming air. Base data was generated using diesel as fuel. Subsequently experiments were repeated with WCO for different oxygen concentrations such as 21% (WCO+21%O<sub>2</sub>), 23% (WCO+23%O<sub>2</sub>), 24% (WCO+24%O<sub>2</sub>) and 25% (WCO+25%O<sub>2</sub>) by volume. Engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were obtained at different power outputs and analyzed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Results showed reduced brake thermal efficiency, higher smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions with WCO+21%O<sub>2</sub> as compared to diesel at all power outputs. The brake thermal efficiency was found as 26.2% with WCO+21%O<sub>2</sub> where as it was 30.5% with diesel at the rated power output of 3.7 kW. The smoke emission was noted as 75% and 40% respectively with WCO+21%O<sub>2</sub> and diesel respectively. There is an improvement in brake thermal efficiency with the oxygen enrichment technique. The brake thermal efficiency was noted as 27.2%, 28.4% and 27.8% with WCO+23%O<sub>2</sub>, WCO+24%O<sub>2</sub>, and WCO+25%O<sub>2</sub> respectively at 3.7 kW. The smoke emission was considerably reduced with WCO in oxygen enrichment operation. The lowest smoke (50%) was found with WCO+25%O<sub>2</sub> at the maximum power output. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were considerably reduced with all concentrations of oxygen in the intake air. However, NO emission increased to high levels with increase in oxygen percentage in the air.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">At peak power output, the ignition delay was observed as 13°CA for WCO+21%O<sub>2</sub>. However, ignition delay was reduced considerably with oxygen enrichment. The minimum delay was noted for WCO+25%O<sub>2</sub> as 9°CA where as it was 10°CA with diesel. Cylinder peak pressure of WCO was measured as higher with oxygen enrichment as compared to atmospheric oxygen concentration at all power outputs. Reduction in combustion duration and improvement in heat release rates were observed with oxygen enrichment as compared to 21% oxygen at all power outputs. It was concluded that oxygen enrichment technique can be adopted for reducing smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with WCO as fuel. The optimum concentration of 24% of oxygen can be preferred in order to avoid over heating of the combustion chamber parts and without having very high values of NO emissions at peak power output.</div></div>
Syntheses and biological activities of sandostatin analogs containing stereochemical changes in positions 6 or 8 (2000)

In a continuation of our research efforts on the design and synthesis of novel peptidomimetic structures, we have synthesized a series of sandostatin amide analogs in which stereoisomers of threonine and beta-hydroxyvaline(beta-Hyv) are employed. The analogs D-Phe1-c[Cys2-Phe3-D-Trp4-Lys5-Xaa6-Cys 7]-Xbb8-NH2 (Xaa = allo-Thr, D-allo-Thr, D-beta-Hyv, beta-Hyv, D-Thr, and Xbb = Thr or Xaa = Thr and Xbb = allo-Thr, D-allo-Thr, beta-Hyv, D-Thr) explore the effects on biological activity of stereochemical modifications and beta-methylation at positions 6 or 8. By these modifications, we examine the role of the two residues in binding to somatostatin receptors. We describe the synthesis and biological activity of these analogs. In combination with the results of the conformational analysis, this study provides new insights into the structural requirements for the binding affinity of somatostatin amide analogs to somatostatin receptors [Mattern et al., Conformational analyses of sandostatin analogs containing stereochemical changes in positions 6 or 8].
Turbo coded HSDPA systems with transmit diversity over frequency selective fading channels (2003)

Transmit diversity is one of the key contributions to the 3G (third generation) WCDMA (wide-band code division multiple access) systems to accommodate high data-rate applications, where spatial diversity is introduced into the signal by transmitting through multiple antennas. While turbo codes are well understood to be able to provide powerful error correction ability in a SISO (single input single output) system, therefore achieve improved system performance, space-time block coded (STBC) MIMO (multiple input multiple output) transmission is receiving more and more interests as an effective method to combat adverse effects of fading, improve the performance and increase the capacity. This paper addresses the issue of introducing space-time coding to turbo coded HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access) systems in order to obtain both diversity gain and coding gain. This novel scheme extends STBC, originally proposed for perfectly known frequency nonselective fading channels to frequency selective fading channels. Channel equalization is utilized to mitigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. Numerical results are presented to reveal the performance merits of the proposed system gained by using turbo space-time coding.
The NPL ultrasound beam calibrator (1988)

The calibrator consists of a multielement membrane hydrophone made from polyvinylidene fluoride which is mounted in a versatile test-tank and linked to a fast data acquisition and presentation system. Acoustic output parameters of both simple medical ultrasonic systems and complex automatic scanners operating in imaging modes can be determined in a straightforward manner. Designed as a comprehensive measurement system, with the calibration traceable to United Kingdom national standards and the software configured to conform with written standards, it provides a convenient and rapid method of determining the acoustic output for both manufacturers and users of medical ultrasonic equipment. A detailed description of all aspects of the beam calibrator is given. The computer operating system is described, followed by an analysis of the postprocessing calculations which are applied to the acquired waveform data for the determination of acoustical parameters. Finally, a full assessment of the sources of uncertainty in the measurements is given, together with a comparison of results obtained using a reference measurement system.
Low-complexity soft-output detection for massive MIMO using SCBiCG and Lanczos methods (2015)

Massive MIMO is a promising technology to improve spectral efficiency, cell coverage, and system capacity for 5G. However, these benefits take place at great cost of computational complexity, especially in systems with hundreds of antennas at the base station. This paper aims to address the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection in uplink massive MIMO systems utilizing the symmetric complex bi-conjugate gradients (SCBiCG) and the Lanczos method. Both the proposed methods can avoid the large scale matrix inversion which is necessary for MMSE, thus, reducing the computational complexity by an order of magnitude with respect to the number of user equipment. To enable the proposed methods for soft-output detection, we also derive an approximating calculation scheme for the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs), which further reduces the complexity. We compare the proposed methods with existing exact and approximate detection methods. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve near-optimal performance of MMSE detection with relatively low computational complexity.
Fluorescence capture by planarwaveguide as platform for optical sensors (1998)

A novel generic configuration for fluorescence-based optical sensors is presented. The measurand-sensitive fluorescence emitted from a dye-doped sol-gel film is captured efficiently and guided along a planar waveguide. The anisotropy of the fluorescence emission results in the angular separation of the excitation light and fluorescence emission which may eliminate the need for optical filters.
Multiple-Probe Formation Testing and Vertical Reservoir Continuity (1991)

Abstract This paper introduces a strategy and methodology for the wireline measurement of permeability that is consistent with the geological structure observed at the wellbore. The strategy involves new technology; real-time data acquisition and interpretation in parallel utilizing high resolution borehole images and a multiprobe formation tester. The multiprobe tester differs from its single probe counterpart in that it has an additional two probes, displaced from the flowing probe, at which the pressure is monitored. In homogeneous formations this configuration permits the direct determination of both horizontal and vertical mobilities; in laminated formations such a tool allows the study of potential permeability barriers and their effect on vertical fluid movement. As part of the method, we introduce a new interpretation for the multiprobe tester based on flow regime identification using the pressures obtained at the observation probes. Application of the method is demonstrated using data obtained from two field tests. In addition to electrical and nuclear logs, electric borehole images were obtained over the intervals of interest. The borehole images were used at the wellsite to identify several potential barriers to vertical flow and to choose the test points for the multiprobe formation tester. Subsequently these intervals were tested to determine the effect of the barriers on vertical communication. Additional multiprobe measurements were made in relatively unstratified zones to allow a comparison. The results of one example indicate that features appearing as permeability barriers at the wellbore may not have large lateral extent and therefore do not act as barriers to vertical flow. The other example shows that the converse may also be true, in that, features which are observed to be thin at the wellbore can have considerable lateral extent and be significant barriers.
Structure and function of NTAK, a novel ligand of receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB. (2000)

ラット褐色細胞腫 (PC12細胞) からRT-PCR法を用いてErbB新規リガンドとそのアイソフォーム4種類を同定し, 成熟ラットの脳と胸腺で強く発現していることから neural- and thymus-derived activator for ErbB kinases (NTAK) と命名した. 予想される蛋白質構造は免疫グロブリン (Ig) 様ドメイン, EGF様ドメイン, 疎水性ドメインからなりEGFファミリーのメンバーである neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) と同様のドメイン構造を示した. 哺乳動物細胞発現系を用いてこの蛋白質を精製したところ46kDaの糖蛋白質で, ヒト乳癌細胞株MDA-MB-453細胞を分化させた. NTAKはホモダイマーのErbB3, ErbB4には結合するがErbB1とErbB2には結合しなかった. しかし, これらのレセプターをヘテロダイマーで細胞表面上に発現させると, 構成する全てのレセプターでチロシンのリン酸化が観察された. このことは, NTAKが結合すると異なるErbBファミリーが二量体を形成し, 活性化してクロストークすることを示唆している. よって, NTAKは新しいEGFファミリーのメンバーでNRG-1様の機能を持っていることが明らかになった.
Chiral analysis of the reaction stages in the Edman method for sequencing peptides (1984)

Chiral isothiocyanate reagents suitable for ‘Edman sequencing’ have been synthesised and used to assess the chiral features of individual stages in the Edman method. Using h.p.l.c. analysis of the diastereoisomeric thiohydantions obtained, it has been deduced that the cyclisation and cleavage of thiazolinone step is the likely source of racemisation of the chiral centre derived from the N-terminal amino acid.
Fast Imaging / Inversion of Synchronous Magnetotelluric and Controlled Source Data (2004)

P038 Fast Imaging / Inversion of Synchronous Magnetotelluric and Controlled Source Data Abstract 1 B. SH. SINGER 1 AND E. B. FAINBERG 2 1 CSIRO Petroleum PO Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia 2 Geoelectromagnetic Research Institute Russian Acad. Sci. Box 30 Troitsk Moscow Region 142190 Russia Thin layer inversion algorithms allow for a fast determination of essential parameters of anomalous bodies. The algorithms are adjusted to expected geo-electric situation in the area of interest. Instead of fitting the medium parameters the algorithms use a technique the most time consuming part of which resembles spatial filtration of the electromagnetic field
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Amplifies Lipopolysaccharide-induced Bronchoconstriction by a Neutrophil- and Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Mechanism (2001)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is used to ameliorate neutropenia in patients after antineoplastic treatment. It has also been suggested as an adjunct treatment in septic patients; however, the recruitment and priming of leukocytes by GM-CSF bears the hazard of a hyperinflammatory response. In particular, the role of GM-CSF in pulmonary functions in septic lungs is still unclear. Therefore, we pretreated rats in vivo with GM-CSF (50 microg/kg, intravenous) and assessed the pulmonary functions of their subsequently prepared isolated perfused lungs when exposed to subtoxic concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 microg/ml). These lungs showed enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), a significant increase in thromboxane (TX) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release into the venous perfusate, and bronchoconstriction. COX-2 inhibition or blocking of the TX receptor abolished the GM-CSF/LPS-induced bronchoconstriction, but not the TNF release. Neutralizing antibodies against TNF did not prevent GM-CSF/LPS-induced bronchoconstriction. After GM-CSF pretreatment, massive neutrophil invasion into the lung occurred. Neutropenic rats were protected against GM-CSF/ LPS-induced lung injury. Similar results were obtained in rats pretreated with G-CSF instead of GM-CSF. We conclude that GM-CSF pretreatment exacerbates pulmonary injury by low-dose LPS via COX-2 expression, TX release, and bronchoconstriction by initiating neutrophil invasion and activation.
Properties and Formability of an Aligned Discontinuous Fiber Thermoplastic Composite Sheet (1990)

A thermoformable thermoplastic composite sheet product is described. The sheet consists of aligned discontinuous reinforcing fibers in a thermoplastic resin. It is drawable to 50 % or more axial draw ratio and has mechanical properties close to those of straight continuous fiber composite sheets. Development and preservation of fiber alignment enables the achievement of high fiber volume fraction (FVF) and mechanical properties. In general, tensile modulus and strength are 90% or better of continous fiber composites at the same FVF. Fatigue and creep properties are also comparable. This paper details the mechanical and formability characteristics of the sheets and presents various applications that show the processing advantages of this advanced composite sheet concept over straight continuous fiber or woven fabric sheets.
An unusual presentation of canine distemper virus infection in a domestic ferret (<i>Mustela putorius furo</i>) (2008)

A 4.5-year-old, male castrated ferret was examined with a 27-day history of severe pruritus, generalized erythema and scaling. Skin scrapings and a trichogram were negative for mites and dermatophyte organisms. A fungal culture of hair samples was negative. The ferret was treated presumptively for scabies and secondary bacterial and yeast infection with selamectin, enrofloxacin, fluconazole, diphenhydramine and a miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoo. The ferret showed mild improvement in clinical signs over the subsequent 3 weeks, but was inappetent and required supportive feeding and subcutaneous fluids by the owner. The ferret was then examined on an emergency basis at the end of 3 weeks (53 days following initial signs of illness) for severe blood loss from a haematoma over the interscapular region, hypotension and shock. The owners elected euthanasia due to a poor prognosis and deteriorating condition. On post-mortem examination intraepithelial canine distemper viral inclusions were identified systemically, and abundant canine distemper virus antigen was identified with immunohistochemical staining. It is important to note the prolonged course of disease along with the absence of respiratory and neurological signs because this differs from the classic presentation of canine distemper virus infection in ferrets. Canine distemper virus should remain a clinical suspicion for ferrets with skin lesions that do not respond to appropriate therapy, even in animals that were previously vaccinated.
CD Spectra of d−f Heterobimetallic Helicates with Segmental Di-Imine Ligands (2004)

We have investigated the CD spectra of a series of enantiomerically pure heterobimetallic helicates, Lambda,Lambda-[LnCr(1)(3)](6+) (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb), which contain segmental di-imine ligands. For the mononuclear precursor of these helicates, Lambda-[Cr(1)(3)](3+), a positive exciton couplet was observed around 330 nm, as expected for a tris(di-imine) complex with this absolute configuration. The titration of Ln(III) ions into a solution of this complex leads to the formation of Lambda,Lambda-[LnCr(1)(3)](6+). During this process, the CD signal was observed to invert to give a signal which was negative at lower energies. We investigated the observed changes in the CD spectra using a ZINDO-based computational method which we have previously developed. We were able to show that the exciton coupling of the chromophores coordinated to the Cr and Ln ions give rise to CD signals of opposite phase, despite having the same nominal absolute configuration. Exciton coupling between chromophores located on different metal centers ("internuclear" exciton coupling) is also predicted to have a significant impact on the observed spectrum. We were able to "deconstruct" the observed CD spectra into a set of competing exciton coupling effects and show that the sign of these spectra does not correlate with the absolute configuration of the individual metal centers.
Use of Mycoplasmalike Organism (MLO) Group-Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for Nested-PCR Assays to Detect Mixed-MLO Infections in a Single Host Plant (1994)

Oligonucleotide primer pairs R16(I)F1/R1, R16(III)F2/R1, and R16(V)F1/Ri for polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were designed on the basis of mycoplamalike organism (MLO) 16S rRNA sequences. The primer pair R16(I)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification of 16S rDNA sequences among MLO strains in the MLO 16S rRNA group I, which includes aster yellows MLO and related strains; R16(III)F2/R1 specifically initiated amplifications in the MLO 16S rRNA group III, which includes peach X-disease MLO and related strains; and R16(V)F1/R1 specifically initiated amplification in the MLO 16S RNA group V, which includes elm yellows MLO and related strains [...]
Chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues : proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues held in Coronado, California on February 5-9, 1992 (1992)

Session I - Collagen cross-linking and biomineralization. Introduction. (6 papers). Session II - Phylogenetic studies of extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated biomineralization. Introduction. (4 papers). Session III - Tissue models for biomineralization. Introduction (5 papers). Session IV - Structure and function of mineralized tissue components. Introduction. (5 papers). Session V - Regulation of mineralized tissue components. Introduction. (4 papers). Session VI - Cell biology of mineralized tissues: Osteoblasts. Introduction. (5 papers). Session VII - Cell biology of mineralized tissues: Osteoclasts. Introduction. (3 papers). Session VIII - Bone, cartilage and tooth morphogenesis. Introduction. (4 papers). Session IX - Expression and tissue-specific consequences of gene mutations of extracellular matrix genes. Introduction. (4 papers). Session X - Genetic disorders of mineralized tissue. Introduction. (3 papers). Session XI - Metabolic disorders of mineralized tissues. Introduction. (4 papers). Session XII - Diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for animal and human mineralized tissue disorders. Introduction. (3 papers). Index of authors. Subject index.