gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emulation of MIMO Nonisotropic Fading Environments With Reverberation Chambers (2008)

Some recent publications have extended the emulating capabilities of reverberation chambers. While polarization imbalance has been removed and Ricean-fading environments are now properly emulated, these chambers are still limited to isotropic nonline of sight (NLOS) scattering. By controlling the power received, number of resolvable multipath components (MPC), angular spread (AS), and angle of arrival (AoA), the emulation of real-propagating environments with both isotropic and nonisotropic scattering are demonstrated in this letter using a reverberation chamber with several multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays.
Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 YdcW protein as a γ‐aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (2005)

Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ABALDH) from wild-type E. coli K12 was purified to apparent homogeneity and identified as YdcW by MS-analysis. YdcW exists as a tetramer of 202+/-29 kDa in the native state, a molecular mass of one subunit was determined as 51+/-3 kDa. Km parameters of YdcW for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, NAD+ and NADP+ were 41+/-7, 54+/-10 and 484+/-72 microM, respectively. YdcW is the unique ABALDH in E. coli K12. A coupling action of E. coli YgjG putrescine transaminase and YdcW dehydrogenase in vitro resulted in conversion of putrescine into gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Missense polymorphism in the human carboxypeptidase E gene alters enzymatic activity (2001)

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, including insulin. One of the features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an elevation in the proinsulin level and/or proinsulin/insulin molar ratio, suggesting that mutations in proinsulin processing enzymes may contribute to the development of T2DM. We scanned CPE for mutations in a collection of Ashkenazi T2DM families and identified five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An SNP in the 283(rd) codon, c.847C>T, changes arginine to tryptophan (R283W). The residue Arg283 is conserved among CPE orthologs as well as most enzymatically active metallocarboxypeptidases. Of the 272 Ashkenazi T2DM pedigrees screened, we found four families segregating R283W. Within these four families, patients who inherited one copy of this variant had much earlier age of onset for T2DM. The R283W CPE protein cleaves peptide substrates with substantially lower efficiencies and is less stable at elevated temperature. In addition, the R283W CPE variant has a narrower pH optimum and is much less active at pH 6.0-6.5, indicating that the R283W CPE variant would be substantially less active than wild type CPE in the trans-Golgi network and immature secretory vesicles where the enzyme functions in vivo. To summarize, we uncovered a rare non-conservative missense mutation in CPE and demonstrated that the mutant protein has altered enzymatic properties. We predict that this mutant could cause hyperproinsulinism and diabetes in the homozygous state.
Pimozide treatment of the negative schizophrenic syndrome: an open trial. (1988)

Reports over the last 20 years suggest that pimozide, a neuroleptic of the diphenylbutylpiperidine (DPBP) group, might be helpful in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which are considered less responsive to standard neuroleptics than are positive symptoms. Research suggests that neuroleptic drugs of the DPBP group possess a unique property--potent calcium channel antagonism--which could explain their ability to relieve negative symptoms. Earlier reports, however, used measures not specifically designed to assess the negative syndrome. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was developed and standardized to measure the negative syndrome in schizophrenia. The authors used the PANSS to study the effects of pimozide in a 6-week, open clinical trial with 10 neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic inpatients who had prominent deficit features. Negative but not positive symptoms improved significantly, suggesting that the drug might target the negative profile. The authors discuss possible pharmacologic mechanisms for pimozide's potentially distinct clinical properties.
Catalyst systems for the oxidation of phenol in water (2004)

The oxidation of phenol solutions (5 g/L) has been studied in a semibatch autoclave reactor. Activity screening experiments were performed over two com- mercial catalysts: CuO+ZnO (Topsoe) and CuO+NiO (Engelhard), and CuO/Al2O3 prepared in our labora- tory. Isothermal runs between 393 and 423 K were carried out under an oxygen pressure of 7 bar. Phenol conversion as well as pH and Chemical Oxygen De- mand (COD) measurements were recorded. Almost complete phenol conversion was obtained for all cata- lysts. However, conversion to CO2 was only partial. Laboratory prepared catalysts gave the best perform- ance in terms of activity and selectivity with the lowest induction period. Stability tests showed that catalysts remained moderately active after 60 h of operation. A simple kinetic model fits experimental results.
Production of High-Quality Particulate Methane Monooxygenase in High Yields from <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath) with a Hollow-Fiber Membrane Bioreactor (2003)

In order to obtain particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO)-enriched membranes from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) with high activity and in high yields, we devised a method to process cell growth in a fermentor adapted with a hollow-fiber bioreactor that allows easy control and quantitative adjustment of the copper ion concentration in NMS medium over the time course of cell culture. This technical improvement in the method for culturing bacterial cells allowed us to study the effects of copper ion concentration in the growth medium on the copper content in the membranes, as well as the specific activity of the enzyme. The optimal copper concentration in the growth medium was found to be 30 to 35 micro M. Under these conditions, the pMMO is highly expressed, accounting for 80% of the total cytoplasmic membrane proteins and having a specific activity as high as 88.9 nmol of propylene oxide/min/mg of protein with NADH as the reductant. The copper stoichiometry is approximately 13 atoms per pMMO molecule. Analysis of other metal contents provided no evidence of zinc, and only traces of iron were present in the pMMO-enriched membranes. Further purification by membrane solubilization in dodecyl beta-D-maltoside followed by fractionation of the protein-detergent complexes according to molecular size by gel filtration chromatography resulted in a good yield of the pMMO-detergent complex and a high level of homogeneity. The pMMO-detergent complex isolated in this way had a molecular mass of 220 kDa and consisted of an alphabetagamma protein monomer encapsulated in a micelle consisting of ca. 240 detergent molecules. The enzyme is a copper protein containing 13.6 mol of copper/mol of pMMO and essentially no iron (ratio of copper to iron, 80:1). Both the detergent-solubilized membranes and the purified pMMO-detergent complex exhibited reasonable, if not excellent, specific activity. Finally, our ability to control the level of expression of the pMMO allowed us to clarify the sensitivity of the enzyme to NADH and duroquinol, the two common reductants used to assay the enzyme.
Insulin Receptors in Human Ocular Tissues (1997)

The alpha- and beta-subunits of the insulin receptor have been localised in human eyes by immunohistochemistry. In the normal eye staining for both receptor subunits was distinct at the same sites of the anterior part of the eye, i.e. cornea, smooth muscle and epithelium of the ciliary body and the lens capsule. In the retina, the receptor was clearly demonstrated in the nerve fibre layer, the ganglion cells and Müller cells, the outer nuclear layer, inner segments of rods and cones, the outer limiting membrane and in the pigment epithelium. In eyes with diabetic retinopathy, the receptor did not stain in the inner segments of the rods and cones and the staining of the other layers was weak. Endothelial cells stained positively in normal and diabetic eyes, but pericytes of normal and new vessels did not stain. The receptor staining did not change in cornea, iris, ciliary body and lens. All together, the study shows that alpha- and beta-subunits of the insulin receptor are present in the retina, and that the staining reaction for the receptor is reduced in diabetes. To what extent these findings are of importance for the development of diabetic retinopathy, remains to be clarified.
Mitigating Threats in IoT Network using Device Isolation (2018)

In recent years, the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is seen across various sectors. There is a sharp inclination towards using IoT devices in both home and office premises. Many traditional manufacturers are enhancing their traditional appliances into IoT devices. With the myriad of devices in the market, there also exist vulnerable devices which can be exploited by adversaries. Several security solutions are trying to address different areas of security such as network security, privacy, threat detection, etc. IoT Sentinel is one such novel system that can identify device types based on their pattern of communication. IoT Sentinel proposes several isolation levels that can be used to control the traffic of devices identified as vulnerable. IoT Sentinel uses a Software-defined Networking (SDN) component for controlling the traffic flow for devices and isolating them. In this thesis, we develop a solution to extend IoT Sentinel for device isolation, which is not dependent on SDN. The goal is to build a generic and deployable solution for network segmentation and device isolation that is suitable for home networks. The system divides the network into isolated subnets and places new devices into appropriate subnets. Communication between the subnets is controlled using a firewall thereby isolating them. We dynamically configure a DHCP server to place (lease IP address) new IoT devices identified by IoT Sentinel into appropriate subnets based on their level of vulnerability. Using our solution, we can confine vulnerable devices. Thus, the solution minimizes the damage that could be caused by vulnerable devices present in a network. Finally, we evaluate the developed solution for its security requirement of device isolation. We also present the performance evaluation of our solution based on time-delay and throughput analysis. We observe that our solution adds an acceptable delay to the existing IoT Sentinel processes. We also observe that the system throughput is not significantly affected by firewall rules in a home network scenario.
Efficient channel access scheme for multiuser parallel transmission under channel bonding in IEEE 802.11ac (2015)

Channel bonding proposed in IEEE 802.11ac has the potential to multiply the physical data rate with wider bandwidths. However, the backward compatibility with legacy 802.11 devices makes the available frequency resource severely underutilised. Furthermore, the design that allocates the entire extended bandwidth to a single user is very inefficient when the frame size is very small. In this study, the authors propose a novel channel access scheme, which has successfully mitigated these two problems by scheduling multiuser parallel transmission in both downlink and uplink. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the spectral efficiency of 801.11ac dramatically. In addition, same as the scheme in the 802.11ac draft, the proposed scheme guarantees the backward compatibility with legacy 802.11 devices, remains distributed and contention based and has the capability to multiply the physical data rates for 802.11ac devices.
ZnO Nanorods Produced by the Method of Arc Discharge (2006)

ZnO nanorods are fabricated by arc discharge with ZnO powder as source materials. The sample is characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectra, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The ZnO nanorods exhibit single crystals with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Many of them are tetrapod-like. The diameters range from several nanometres to about 100 nm, and the main diameters of the nanorods is around 20 nm. The length-to-diameter ratio is more than 5, and the grown directions are along the [001] axis. Photoluminescence spectra show a narrow ultraviolet emission at around 389 nm and a broad green emission at around 520 nm. The growth process can be interpreted by the vapour-solid mechanism.
The Theory of the Chemostat: Dynamics of Microbial Competition. (1996)

1. The simple chemostat 2. The general chemostat 3. Competition on three trophic levels 4. The chemostat with an inhibitor 5. The simple gradostat 6. The general gradostat 7. The chemostat with periodic washout rate 8. Variable yield models 9. A size-structured competition model 10. New directions 11. Open questions Appendix A. Matrices and their eigenvalues Appendix B. Differential inequalities Appendix C. Monotone systems Appendix D. Persistence Appendix E. Some techniques in nonlinear analysis Appendix F. A convergence theorem.
Enzymatic activity toward poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) implants (1990)

Tissue reactions toward biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) implants were monitored by studying the activity pattern of seven enzymes as a function of time: alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetyl esterase, beta-glucuronidase, ATP-ase, NADH-reductase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Cell types were identified by their specific enzyme patterns, their morphology and location. Special attention was paid to the enzyme patterns of macrophages, fibroblasts and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs), being involved in foreign body reactions or inflammatory responses. One day after implantation, an influx of neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes was observed, coinciding with activity of alkaline phosphatase (PMN's) and beta-glucuronidase (eosinophils). From day 3 on, macrophages containing ATP-ase, acid phosphatase and esterase could be observed. From day 7 on, lactate dehydrogenase, the enzyme normally involved in the conversion of lactic acid, and its coenzyme NADH-reductase were observed in macrophages and fibroblasts. These two enzymes demonstrated more activity than expected on basis of wound-healing reactions upon implantation of a nonbiodegradable, inert biomaterial (as, e.g., Teflon). It is concluded that the biodegradable poly (L-lactic acid) used in these implantation studies is tissue compatible, and evokes a foreign body reaction with minor macrophage and giant cell activity, as observed during this 3-week implantation period. Most enzyme patterns were simply due to a wound-healing reaction. The slightly increased levels of LDH and NADH suggest the release of lactic acid from the implant, and thus confirms the biodegradable nature of this polymer.
Outdoor Location Estimation Using Received Signal Strength Feedback (2012)

An improvement to outdoor fingerprint location estimation based on clustering received signal strength (RSS) from base stations (BSs) is presented. The novel features that contribute to the greater accuracy are the use of deviations from the path loss model for each RSS component rather than the raw RSS for clustering; the accurate estimation of the cluster membership probability; the optimized trade-off between cluster size and accuracy of cluster modeling; and clusters are invariant to the BS or relay station (RS) power.
Cleavage Reactions of some Benzylphenol Derivatives and Depsidan by Metallic Sodium in Liquid Ammonia (1960)

Cleavage reaction with metallic sodium in liquid ammonia was carried out on benzyl phenyl ether (III), p-benzyloxyanisole (IV), p-methoxybenzyl phenyl ether (V), depsidan (II), and didepsidan (VI), and examinations were made on the direction of cleavage in the benzyl ether-type bond and ether-type oxygen bond constituting the diphenyl ether, and products of cleavage. Experimental results are listed in Table I.
Scorpion Toxins and Potassium Channels (2000)

Potassium channels are a group of proteins that have in common the property of selectively allowing the movement of K+ through aqueous pores in the membrane. Gating of these proteins occurs through conformational changes that are controlled by voltage and/or ligand binding. Accordingly, K+ channels can be divided into voltage-dependent and ligand-activated channels. These channels are involved in the control of cell resting potential, and in modulation of the electrical excitability of neuronal, endocrine, and muscle cells. A large amount of information regarding the structure and function of these proteins has become available in the last few years due to two major developments: (i) the molecular cloning of complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding these proteins, and (ii) the discovery of high-affinity peptidyl inhibitors in the venom of different species. These peptidyl inhibitors have been useful in the development of the pharmacology of K+ channels (Kaczorowski et al., 1996), and in determining the physiologic role that a particular K+ channel plays in a given cell or tissue (Garcia et al., 1995). Moreover, they have also been employed as a marker for channel purification from native tissues, thus allowing the determination of these channels’subunit composition (Garcia-Calvo et al., 1994;Giangiacomo et al., 1995; Parcej and Dolly, 1989; Rehm and Lazdunski, 1988). As a matter of fact, all auxiliary subunits of K+ channels, because of rheir well-understood mechanism of action, have allowed the identification and molecular characterization of thepore region of these channels(Gross ea al., 1994), and the determination of their sybunit stoichiometry (Mackinnon, 1991).
<i>In vitro</i> water wettability of silicone hydrogel contact lenses determined using the sessile drop and captive bubble techniques (2007)

This study investigated the water contact angles of five commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Acuvue Advance, Acuvue Oasys, Focus Night & Day, O2 Optix, and PureVision) using sessile drop and captive bubble techniques. The only lens type that showed a significant difference in water contact angle when measured by sessile drop direct from the blister compared with after 48 h of soaking/washing in saline was the Acuvue Advance lens (from 66 degrees to 96 degrees, respectively) (p=0.0002), presumably because of surface active agents within the blister solution. The water contact angle data split the lenses into two distinct groups (p<or=0.002). The Acuvue Advance, Acuvue Oasys, and PureVision lenses demonstrated relatively high sessile drop measures and relatively low captive bubble values (thereby displaying significant hysteresis) whereas the Focus Night & Day and O2 Optix lenses showed relatively low sessile drop measures and relatively high captive bubble values (with little hysteresis). Contact angle analysis of hydrogel lens surfaces is highly methodologically dependent and may be able to predict the clinical performance of contact lenses in vivo.
<title>Grating beam splitting polarizer using multilayer resist method</title> (1991)

Recent trends in laser application systems such as optical information systems, optical network systems, and optical measurement systems have increased the need for small size, light weight, low cost, and mass producibility. Advantages of a micro grating device in laser application systems are high integration capability, design flexibility, and mass producibility. In particular, several approaches have been presented for the application of micro grating devices to optical heads for CD players. However, few studies have been made to apply to MO disk heads. This is because it is difficult to realize polarization separation. In this paper, we propose a grating beam splitting polarizer based on form birefringence, which has several applications to MO disk heads including polarization separation, optical path separation, and signal detections. The polarization separation characteristics as a basic operation of the grating beam splitting polarization have been confirmed. The resultant extinction ratios obtained were -7 dB for the ordinary light and -6 dB for extraordinary light.
Simulational Study of Viscous Fingering in Fractured Reservoirs (1998)

Abstract Viscous fingering phenomena occurring in fluid displacement process are simulated by using the fractal theory in heterogeneous reservoirs. Networks of random fractures are constructed using successive random adding method in two dimensional areal simulations. A modified fractal growth model, in which the interfacial tension effects in the boundary of displacing and displaced fluids are taken into account, is employed to simulate the immiscible displacement of native oil by injected water in fracture-network reservoirs. The results suggest that the geometry of a fracture network influence upon the displacement process significantly. Increasing fracture width, or increasing linear density of fractures, or decreasing Hurst exponent of a fracture, will lead to the dominant movement of driving fluid along the fractures. The fractures control the flooding pattern. Fingers grow easier at the orientations of fractures. Therefore, the areal sweep efficiency decreases, but the sweep efficiency along fractures increases. Furthermore, the distribution of a fracture network also affects the development and evolution of fluid displacement. P. 273
HRIR personalisation using support vector regression in independent feature space (2009)

A two-stage approach is proposed to obtain an individual head-related impulse response (HRIR). Independent component analysis is first applied to extract independent features and obtain the weight vectors which are then used as the outputs of support vector regression for constructing a personalisation model. The proposed algorithm has achieved better performance for small training samples.
ALFRED: an allele frequency resource for research and teaching (2011)

ALFRED (http://alfred.med.yale.edu) is a free, web accessible, curated compilation of allele frequency data on DNA sequence polymorphisms in anthropologically defined human populations. Currently, ALFRED has allele frequency tables on over 663,400 polymorphic sites; 170 of them have frequency tables for more than 100 different population samples. In ALFRED, a population may have multiple samples with each 'sample' consisting of many individuals on which an allele frequency is based. There are 3566 population samples from 710 different populations with allele frequency tables on at least one polymorphism. Fifty of those population samples have allele frequency data for over 650,000 polymorphisms. Records also have active links to relevant resources (dbSNP, PharmGKB, OMIM, Ethnologue, etc.). The flexible search options and data display and download capabilities available through the web interface allow easy access to the large quantity of high-quality data in ALFRED.