gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vardis Fisher: March 31, 1895–July 9, 1968 (1968)

114 Western American Literature VARDIS FISHER March 31, 1895 - July 9, 1968 The achievement of Vardis Fisher, WLA’s first honorary life member, cannot be stated in one page. At the time of his death this summer at the age of seventy-three, he had authored thirty-five books and was working on three more. Known primarily as a novelist, Vardis felt so strongly that man should be rational, and should adhere to the truth, that he sometimes engaged in bombast and didacticism in order to make his point. Yet, he could write like a poet. In his rationalism he was often tough and cynical. Yet, he had the proverbial heart of gold and was filled with compassion for his fellow men. He frequently seemed obsessed with the dark side of life in many of his novels. Yet, he could also write April, his favorite novel. In mere numbers, his achievement is impressive. Eight novels were set in Idaho, including the memorable Dark Bridwell and the Vridar Hunter tetralogy. Six novels were historical of the American West. Twelve novels comprised the tremendous Testament of Man, one of the world’s great searches for the truth about all men as well as about one man in particular. It is no secret that Vardis Fisher saw a direct parallel between the fears he felt on the Idaho frontier and the fears which have plagued all men in all times. He has writtens “To the age of ten or eleven, when I first entered school, my memories are chiefly of howling wolves, screaming cougars, venison, deer skins for bedding, and neighborless loneliness.” In one way or another, Vardis was to examine fear and loneliness through most of his twenty-six novels. Quite apart from numbers, the achievement can (and will) be mapped out in terms of the contribution of the artist, the poet. Perhaps the best tribute that we can make to Vardis Fisher for the moment lies in a passage which he wrote himself, in April. For she had a woman’s hunger and heart and a woman’s emptiness, and she would take passion and pain into the hunger of the world and give birth to beauty; and she would be a part of the profound and nameless rap­ ture of being and she would offer her meaning to the seasons and sing in the tides. . . . Vardis was a mountain man, a man of the American West. But he was also the sensitive poet, concerned with the welfare of mankind, taking passion and pain and giving birth to beauty. J o h n M ilto n Vermillion, S.D. ...
Presentation ofobstructive left heart malformations ininfancy (1994)

Thisstudydocuments thepresentation of acutely lifethreatening congenital heart disease ininfancy inordertoassess the performance ofscreening exammations soonafter birthandat6weeksofage.All casesofobstructive left heartmalformations presenting ininfancy inonehealth regionfrom 1987-91were analysed retrospectively. Altogether, 120infants presented witheitherhypoplastic left heartsyndrome,interruption of the aortic arch,coarctation oftheaorta, or aorticvalvestenosis. Twelvebecame symptomatic or diedwithin24 hours. Thirtyfourhadan abnormalneonatal examination, eightof whom were referred. Sixmorebecamesymptomatic before discharge. Ninety fourbabies went home,51developed heartfailure before 6 weeks,andanothersevendiedwithout diagnosis. Twentyfiveof36(69%/.) reaching6 weekswithoutdiagnosis had a secondexamination whichwasabnormal in17.Twobabies diedundiagnosed after 6 weeksandtheother18presented at up to 11monthsofage.The neonatal and6weekexaminations perform poorly as screening testsforcongenital heart disease. A normalneonatalexaminationdoesnot excludelifethreatening congenital heartdisease. (Arch DisChild 1994; 71:F179-F183) Because aprevious report fromthis institution identified fourmalformations (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interruption oftheaortic arch, coarctation oftheaorta, andaortic valve stenosis) asbeingthemostlikely tocause deathafterdischarge fromhospital' and, because themainpurpose ofscreening should betodetect abnormalities thatmightpresent withcollapse orsudden death, this study deals onlywiththese fourdiagnoses. Itsaimistoinvestigate thepresentation of serious, potentially life threatening congenital heartdisease andtoexamine theefficacy of screening examinations undertaken soonafter birth andat6weeksofage.
Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Giardia lamblia antigen in stool (1991)

The lack of a quick, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic test has limited the ability of public health officials to rapidly assess and control outbreaks of Giardia lamblia in child day-care centers. We evaluated the performance of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of a G. lamblia-associated antigen in stool. Stool specimens were collected from the diapers of 426 children attending 20 day-care centers, fixed in 10% Formalin and polyvinyl alcohol, and examined by microscopy by Formalin concentration and trichrome staining techniques. Specimens were also tested visually and spectrophotometrically by ELISA. Of 99 tests positive by microscopy, 93 were visually positive by ELISA (sensitivity, 93.9%). Of 534 tests negative for G. lamblia by microscopy, 32 (6.0%) were ELISA positive. However, on the basis of examination of multiple specimens from the same child, none of these could be considered false-positive ELISAs; the specificity of the ELISA was therefore 100%. The sensitivity of both microscopy and ELISA improved as the number of specimens per child increased. An optical density value of greater than 0.040 was 98.0% sensitive and 100% specific for G. lamblia. This ELISA, which appeared to be more sensitive for G. lamblia than did microscopic examination of stool, should be useful as an epidemiologic tool, particularly in day-care settings, and may also have a role in confirming clinical diagnoses of giardiasis.
Lysine‐21 of <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase participates in substrate binding through charge–charge interaction (1992)

Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was isolated in high yield and purified to homogeneity from a newly constructed strain of Escherichia coli which lacks its own glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Lys-21 is one of two lysyl residues in the enzyme previously modified by the affinity labels pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal 5'-diphosphate-5'-adenosine, which are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with respect to glucose 6-phosphate (LaDine, J.R., Carlow, D., Lee, W.T., Cross, R.L., Flynn, T.G., & Levy, H.R., 1991, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 5558-5562). K21R and K21Q mutants of the enzyme were purified to homogeneity and characterized kinetically to determine the function of Lys-21. Both mutant enzymes showed increased Km-values for glucose 6-phosphate compared to wild-type enzyme: 1.4-fold (NAD-linked reaction) and 2.1-fold (NADP-linked reaction) for the K21R enzyme, and 36-fold (NAD-linked reaction) and 53-fold (NADP-linked reaction) for the K21Q enzyme. The Km for NADP+ was unchanged in both mutant enzymes. The Km for NAD+ was increased 1.5- and 3.2-fold, compared to the wild-type enzyme, in the K21R and K21Q enzymes, respectively. For the K21R enzyme the kcat for the NAD- and NADP-linked reactions was unchanged. The kcat for the K21Q enzyme was increased in the NAD-linked reaction by 26% and decreased by 30% in the NADP-linked reaction from the values for the wild-type enzyme. The data are consistent with Lys-21 participating in the binding of the phosphate group of the substrate to the enzyme via charge-charge interaction.
Human-in-the-loop data integration (2017)

Data integration aims to integrate data in different sources and provide users with a unified view. However, data integration cannot be completely addressed by purely automated methods. We propose a hybrid human-machine data integration framework that harnesses human ability to address this problem, and apply it initially to the problem of entity matching. The framework first uses rule-based algorithms to identify possible matching pairs and then utilizes the crowd to refine these candidate pairs in order to compute actual matching pairs. In the first step, we propose similarity-based rules and knowledge-based rules to obtain some candidate matching pairs, and develop effective algorithms to learn these rules based on some given positive and negative examples. We build a distributed in-memory system DIMA to efficiently apply these rules. In the second step, we propose a selection-inference-refine framework that uses the crowd to verify the candidate pairs. We first select some "beneficial" tasks to ask the crowd and then use transitivity and partial order to infer the answers of unasked tasks based on the crowdsourcing results of the asked tasks. Next we refine the inferred answers with high uncertainty due to the disagreement from the crowd. We develop a crowd-powered database system CDB and deploy it on real crowdsourcing platforms. CDB allows users to utilize a SQL-like language for processing crowd-based queries. Lastly, we provide emerging challenges in human-in-the-loop data integration.
Micromechanical IBARs: Modeling and Process Compensation (2010)

Manufacturability is a major challenge before widespread adoption of micromechanical resonators as frequency references. In this paper, the limits of frequency accuracy for a silicon resonator are investigated. The factors to these limits, including starting materials and process variations, are investigated. Design for manufacturing utilizing process compensation (PC) is presented. The I-shaped bulk acoustic resonator (IBAR) is considered since it has features that enable PC. A lumped-element model for the IBAR is developed. Assuming that variations in resonator geometry are locally systematic, the effect of process bias on resonator frequency is modeled. A procedure to obtain low sensitivity to process variations is explained. Process bias variation (i.e., skew) on a 10-MHz design is replicated with electron beam lithography. PC of a micromechanical resonator, confirmed with experimental data, is demonstrated for the first time. From the observations, strategies for obtaining absolute single-digit ppm frequency accuracy are presented.
Regulation of Endothelial Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase by Protein Kinase C (1995)

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in a variety of signal transduction processes. The promoter region of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene contains a transcriptional factor AP-1 binding element. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of PKC inhibition on the expression of ecNOS in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). The PKC inhibitor staurosporine (10 to 100 nmol/L) increased the expression of ecNOS mRNA, assessed by Northern analysis, in a dose-dependent manner. A newly developed, more specific PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine (1 to 3 mumol/L), also increased the level of ecNOS mRNA. Incubation of BAEC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nmol/L) for 24 hours, which downregulates PKC, increased ecNOS mRNA expression. The protein content of ecNOS, assessed by Western analysis, was also increased in staurosporine-treated or chelerythrine-treated BAEC. The release of nitrogen oxides from staurosporine-treated or chelerythrine-treated cells both under basal conditions and in response to calcium ionophore A23187 was significantly increased (P < .05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that regulation of ecNOS is mediated by PKC. The increased release of nitric oxide induced by PKC inhibition may play a protective role against atherogenic process.
Tracking multiple nonrigid objects in video sequences (1998)

This paper presents a method to track multiple nonrigid objects in video sequences. First, we present related works on tracking methods. Second, we describe our proposed approach. We use the notion of target to represent the perception of object motion. To handle the particularities of nonrigid objects we define a target as an individually tracked moving region or as a group of moving regions globally tracked. Then we explain how to compute the trajectory of a target and how to compute the correspondences between known targets and moving regions newly detected. In the case of an ambiguous correspondence we define a compound target to freeze the associations between targets and moving regions until a more accurate information is available. Finally we provide an example to illustrate the way we have implemented the proposed tracking method for video-surveillance applications.
A new neural probe using SOI wafers with topological interlocking mechanisms (2002)

A new method of fabricating multielectrode arrays on undoped single-crystal silicon for use in electrical stimulation and recording of nerve signals has been developed. The microscale topological design of grooves and dimples in the surface of the probes minimize differential movement in response to external stress by mechanical anchoring. The key function of topological controls is to promote the integration of microelectrodes with neural tissue in order to improve the effective electrical stimulation and signal-to-noise ratio. An adhesion peel test between PDMS and silicon is used as a simple model of this interface. Results show a 2-5 times increase in adhesion between the polymer and silicon surface when a patterned area was compared to a plain unpatterned area. This significant increase in adhesion strength without chemical modification indicates a robust mechanism by which neural tissue can bind to neural probes. The probes fabricated here are tested in an animal model.
Non-Destructive Inspection of Multiple Concrete Cracks Using Ultrasonic Sensor (2006)

Non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete cracks are very important for the maintenance and safeguard of concrete structures. Numerous methods with varying detecting devices have already been developed for this purpose. Although detection of a single crack within the concrete is somewhat easy, simultaneous detection of multiple numbers of cracks in the direction of depth is extremely difficult due to the fact that many reflected waves are often overlapped and that the reflected waves are spindle oscillatory types. The present paper proposes a method to identify multiple numbers of cracks inside the concrete using a multi-reflected wave model and a pattern matching technique. The method uses the pattern matching technique to detect the optimum times of flights (TOEs) of the reflected waves from multiple cracks and thus determines the crack depths. Using this method, not only the depths of the multiple cracks but the attenuation of the reflected waves relative to each other can also be determined. Experiments will show that the method is effective
The strengths of SAG and HPGR in flexible circuit designs (2011)

Biochemical aspects of action of antifolates and 4-aminoquinolines and their resistance in the malaria parasites are reviewed, with emphasis on pyrimethamine and chloroquine respectively. Resistance to pyrimethamine has been shown to be associated with either an increase in the amount of parasite dihydrofolate reductase or a reduced affinity of the enzyme for drug binding, in line with the presence of a distinctive pathway for folate metabolism. The theories for drug synergism in the folate pathway are discussed with respect to resistance to pyrimethamine and its combination with sulpha drugs. The biochemical basis for chloroquine resistance is still unclear, reflecting incomplete understanding of its mechanism of action. Data implicating the role of haemozoin and other components as a putative chloroquine receptor of the parasites are reviewed, and possible explanations for resistance are discussed.
A novel route to synthesize carbon spheres and carbon nanotubes from carbon dioxide in a molten carbonate electrolyzer (2017)

Carbon dioxide is readily converted into carbon spheres (CSs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a molten carbonate electrolyzer.
SEALING LARGE-DIAMETER CAST-IRON PIPE JOINTS UNDER LIVE CONDITIONS (2005)

Utilities in the U.S. operate over 75,000 km (47,000 miles) of old cast-iron pipes for gas distribution. Bell-and-spigot joints that connect pipe sections together tend to leak as these pipes age. Current repair practices are costly and highly disruptive. The objective of this program is to design, test and commercialize a robotic system capable of sealing multiple castiron bell and spigot joints from a single pipe entry point. The proposed system will perform repairs with the pipe in service by traveling through the pipe, cleaning each joint surface, and installing a stainless-steel sleeve lined with an epoxy-impregnated felt across the joint. This approach will save considerable time and labor, minimize excavation, avoid traffic disruption, and eliminate any requirement to interrupt service to customers (which would result in enormous expense to utilities). Technical challenges include: (1) repair sleeves must compensate for diametric variation and eccentricity of old cast-iron pipes; (2) the assembly must travel long distances through pipes containing debris; (3) the pipe wall must be effectively cleaned in the immediate area of the joint to assure good bonding of the sleeve; and (4) an innovative bolt-on entry fitting is required to conduct safe repair operations on live mains.
Long-distance optical soliton transmission with lumped amplifiers (1990)

A soliton transmission method using lumped amplifiers is presented which is named the preemphasis method. An N=1 soliton with relatively high amplitudes (1.2<A<1.4), which is used as an input soliton, plays an important role in the lumped-gain soliton transmission system. The initial soliton pulse width can be preserved after propagation over long distance despite the existence of fiber loss. It is shown that with the lumped gain, the soliton pulse can propagate over more than 9000 km when the repeater spacing is 31 km and fiber loss is 0.22 dB/km.<<ETX>>
Neutron-Excited Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Well Logging (1979)

The location and monitoring of oil reserves in cased boreholes is becoming an increasingly important activity in the petroleum industry. Measurement of the macroscopic thermal-neutron capture cross-section of the formation surrounding the bore-hole has been quite successful in differentiating between oil and saline formation water in known lithologies. However, in many instances, the formation water salinity is low, variable, or unknown, and/or the lithology is complex. In such cases, much more information than the macroscopic cross-section is needed. Accordingly, a gamma-ray spectroscopy logging system has been developed which uses inelastic and capture gamma-radiation induced in a formation by 14 MeV neutrons from a pulsed neutron generator. This logging technique provides an accurate elemental determination of the formation and its fluid by spectroscopic analysis of the gamma-ray data. The spectrometry logging tool consists of a pulsed D-T accelerator, a NaI/PM tube detector, a multi-channel analyzer, and a digital telemetry system. Surface equipment includes an on-line computer to accumulate and unfold the spectra, to provide control of the downhole systems, and to provide the analog and magnetic tape outputs. The elemental information obtained by analysis of the gamma-ray spectra can be used in a variety of well logging applications. For example, the carbon-oxygen ratio (C/O) is used to obtain oil saturation. The observed silicon, iron and calcium concentrations are used to determine the makeup of the formation rock. Similarly, the ratio of hydrogen concentration to silicon and calcium concentration determines the formation porosity; chlorine and hydrogen outputs determine the water salinity.
The formation of oligomers in the thermal copolymerisation of the styrene/acrylonitrile‐system (1976)

Abstract In the thermal copolymerisation of styrene with acrylonitrile, a Dields‐Alder addition of the two monomers first takes place. The adduct reacts with a further monomer molecule, forming trimers and initiator radicals. This results from the structure of the trimers and the kinetics of their formation. The initiating step is, therefore, analogous to the polymerisation of pure styrene.
The transition from two phase bubble flow to slug flow (1962)

The process of transition from bubble to slug flow in a vertical pipe has been studied analytically and experimentally. An equation is presented which gives the agglomeration time as a function of void fraction, channel diamet r, initial bubble diameter and liquid purity. A dependent function which also appears in the equation was evaluated using experimental data.A reasonably good correlation of data was achieved. (Author)
Advances in Switched-Mode Power Conversion Part II (1983)

A number of important practical extensions to the basic Ćuk converter are presented. They include dc isolation, multiple-output power sources, and a physical realization of the sought for hypothetical dc-to-dc transformer, a device which converts from pure dc (no voltage or current ripple) at one terminal, to pure dc (at a different voltage) at the other terminal. The application of the circuit in a highly efficient amplifier for the servo control of a dc motor or other loads is also presented.
Peer-to-peer architectures for massively multiplayer online games (2013)

Scalability, fast response time, and low cost are of utmost importance in designing a successful massively multiplayer online game. The underlying architecture plays an important role in meeting these conditions. Peer-to-peer architectures, due to their distributed and collaborative nature, have low infrastructure costs and can achieve high scalability. They can also achieve fast response times by creating direct connections between players. However, these architectures face many challenges. Distributing a game among peers makes maintaining control over the game more complex. Peer-to-peer architectures also tend to be vulnerable to churn and cheating. Moreover, different genres of games have different requirements that should be met by the underlying architecture, rendering the task of designing a general-purpose architecture harder. Many peer-to-peer gaming solutions have been proposed that utilize a range of techniques while using somewhat different and confusing terminologies. This article presents a comprehensive overview of current peer-to-peer solutions for massively multiplayer games using a uniform terminology.
Elevated circulating branched chain amino acids are an early event in pancreatic adenocarcinoma development (2014)

Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are diagnosed with advanced disease and survive less than 12 months. PDAC has been linked with obesity and glucose intolerance, but whether changes in circulating metabolites are associated with early cancer progression is unknown. To better understand metabolic derangements associated with early disease, we profiled metabolites in prediagnostic plasma from individuals with pancreatic cancer (cases) and matched controls from four prospective cohort studies. We find that elevated plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with a greater than twofold increased risk of future pancreatic cancer diagnosis. This elevated risk was independent of known predisposing factors, with the strongest association observed among subjects with samples collected 2 to 5 years before diagnosis, when occult disease is probably present. We show that plasma BCAAs are also elevated in mice with early-stage pancreatic cancers driven by mutant Kras expression but not in mice with Kras-driven tumors in other tissues, and that breakdown of tissue protein accounts for the increase in plasma BCAAs that accompanies early-stage disease. Together, these findings suggest that increased whole-body protein breakdown is an early event in development of PDAC.