gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films (1996)

Ferroelectric layered-oxides SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films were prepared on Pt coated Si wafers and single-crystal sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The films were specular and crack-free and showed complete crystallization at temperatures between 650 and 700 °C. Good ferroelectric properties were obtained for a 200 nm thick film with Pt electrodes: 2Pr and Ec were about 8.3 μC/cm2 and 60 kV/cm, respectively. The leakage currents were as low as 8×10−9 A/cm2 at 150 kV/cm. The films also showed fatigue-free characteristics: no fatigue was observed up to 1.4×1010 switching cycles. These high quality MOCVD films make high-intensity (≳1 Mbit) nonvolatile memory devices possible.
A Convex Programming Approach for Generating Guaranteed Passive Approximations to Tabulated Frequency-Data (2004)

In this paper, we present a methodology for generating guaranteed passive time-domain models of subsystems described by tabulated frequency-domain data obtained through measurement or through physical simulation. Such descriptions are commonly used to represent on- and off-chip interconnect effects, package parasitics, and passive devices common in high-frequency integrated circuit applications. The approach, which incorporates passivity constraints via convex optimization algorithms, is guaranteed to produce a passive-system model that is optimal in the sense of having minimum error in the frequency band of interest over all models with a prescribed set of system poles. We demonstrate that this algorithm is computationally practical for generating accurate high-order models of data sets representing realistic, complicated multiinput, multioutput systems.
Education: Patterns (1997)

Abstract This chapter examines a particular conception of social justice that aims to defend class inequalities on the grounds that they are reflections of differential merit, with merit being identified with educational achievement. It was found that merit-selection requires that individuals holding equal educational credentials be treated alike. The findings also reveal that class of origin and gender can undermine the principle of equality of opportunity through educational merit-selection, in terms of which some theories of justice seek to legitimate inequalities of outcome.
Neurotrophic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Rett Syndrome (2003)

Rett syndrome is characterized by disruption of a period of vigorous brain growth with synapse development. Neurotrophic factors are important regulators of neuronal growth, differentiation, and survival during early brain development. The aims of this study were to study the role of neurotrophic factors in Rett syndrome, specifically whether Rett syndrome has abnormal levels of specific neurotrophic factors in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and whether the changes differ from other neuropediatric patients, for example, those with infantile autism. Four neurotrophic factors were measured: nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1 from the frozen cerebrospinal fluid and from serum (except glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and aspartate by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in patients with Rett syndrome. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was measured from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infantile autism. We found low concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid nerve growth factor in patients with Rett syndrome compared with control patients. The serum levels and other cerebrospinal fluid neurotrophic factor levels of the patients did not differ from the controls. Patients with Rett syndrome had high cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels. Patients with infantile autism had low cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factor 1 levels. Nerve growth factor acts especially on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, whereas insulin-like growth factor 1 acts on cerebellar neurons. In Rett syndrome, the forebrain is more severely affected than the other cortical areas. In autism, many studies show hippocampal or cerebellar pathology. Our findings are in agreement with the different morphologic and neurochemical findings (brain growth, affected brain areas, neurotransmitter metabolism) in the two syndromes. Impairment in dendritic development in Rett syndrome could be the consequence of cholinergic deficiency and of neurotrophic factor/glutamate imbalance. Cholinergic gene expression might be influenced by the Rett syndrome gene directly or via the neurotrophic factor system.
Lifelogging: Archival and retrieval of continuously recorded audio using wearable devices (2012)

We propose a complete system for lifelogging where audio is continuously recorded using a smartphone or a wearable recorder. Recorded audio includes speech, music and environmental sounds. First, we describe a feature-based segmentation algorithm for breaking down a long piece of audio into smaller clips. In order to archive clips into a large database, we present methods for automatically indexing and annotating audio with relevant acoustic and semantic tags. Retrieval is performed using a Query-By-Example based approach. To support our claims, the results are demonstrated via a smart-phone application on the popular Android platform. Finally, we also propose a novel virtualization-based design framework to rapidly develop and test such systems for signal processing.
Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic analogs. Synthesis via organopalladium intermediates derived from 5-mercuritubercidin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic analogs. Synthesis via organopalladium intermediates derived from 5-mercuritubercidinDonald E. Bergstrom, Alan J. Brattesani, Mark K. Ogawa, and Michael J. SchweickertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1423–1431Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Positioning Error Prediction Theory for Dual Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Vibration Sensor (2010)

The positioning mean square error (MSE) prediction theory for dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric vibration sensor is proposed. The cross-correlation algorithm is considered. By taking into account the general noise time delay model, the impact of each noise term in output interference signal to ultimate positioning MSE is to our knowledge the first time be analyzed. An equivalent signal to noise ratio term for general noise time delay model is derived. It shows that incoherent phase noise (coming from polarization fading effect) makes an equivalent contribution to positioning MSE as additive noise under assumptions. In practical prediction, cross-correlation coefficient between two channel signals can be used to estimate positioning MSE. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented to corroborate the theory.
Chemo-Mechanical Characteristics of Mud Formed from Environmental Dust Particles in Humid Ambient Air (2016)

Mud formed from environmental dust particles in humid ambient air significantly influences the performance of solar harvesting devices. This study examines the characterization of environmental dust particles and the chemo-mechanics of dry mud formed from dust particles. Analytical tools, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, particle sizing, and X-ray diffraction, are used to characterize dry mud and dust particles. A micro/nano tribometer is used to measure the tangential force and friction coefficient while tensile tests are carried out to assess the binding forces of dry mud pellets. After dry mud is removed, mud residuals on the glass surface are examined and the optical transmittance of the glass is measured. Dust particles include alkaline compounds, which dissolve in water condensate and form a mud solution with high pH (pH = 7.5). The mud solution forms a thin liquid film at the interface of dust particles and surface. Crystals form as the mud solution dries, thus, increasing the adhesion work required to remove dry mud from the surface. Optical transmittance of the glass is reduced after dry mud is removed due to the dry mud residue on the surface.
Measurement of Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Vasculopathy Using Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent MRI (2011)

This is the first case series reporting blood oxygen level-dependent MRI CVR in children with cerebrovascular disease. CVR studies performed so far provide information regarding hemodynamic compromise, which complements traditional clinical assessment and structural imaging.
Flics (1972)

Cinema 6: A Catalog of Cinema & Television Books & Magazines & Related Material (Hampton Books, Rt. 1, Box 76, Newberry, S.C. 29108, 1971— $1.00, paper) R.A.E. Pickard's Dictionary of 1,000 Best Films (New York: Association Press, 1971—$12.00) James Robert Parish's The Great Movie Series (Cranbury, N.J.: A.S. Barnes, 1971— $15.00)
Precise determination of the critical percolation threshold for the three-dimensional “Swiss cheese” model using a growth algorithm (2001)

Precise values for the critical threshold for the three-dimensional “Swiss cheese” continuum percolation model have been calculated using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations used a growth algorithm and memory blocking scheme similar to what we used previously in three-dimensional lattice percolation. The simulations yield a value for the critical number density nc=0.652 960±0.000 005, which confirms recent work but extends the precision by two significant figures.
Comparison of human-machine interfaces designed for novices teleoperating multi-DOF hydraulic manipulators (2011)

Hydraulic manipulators are commonly used for tasks that require large forces over a large workspace. Current hydraulic manipulators are often operated using individual joint control. Since many of these manipulators are long kinematic chains, such as excavators and concrete pump trucks, it can take years of training and experience to become a true expert operator, resulting in a large number of novice operators. Haptics and coordinated control have been shown to improve various operator performance measures such as task completion time and the amount of applied force. This paper outlines a novel coordinated control scheme and shows that coordinated position control is feasible for slow and/or large-workspace manipulators. It discusses the results of these two coordinated control modes with and without haptics on operator task completion time. The performance of a single expert operator is provided as a comparison. This paper also includes a fuel efficiency measurement absent in previous work. The results are benchmarked against current joystick control.
Memoirs of Pius X By Cardinal Merry del Val. London: Burns, Oates and Washbourne, Ltd., 1939. xvii, 81 pages. 3s 6d. (1940)

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New development of China's population programme. (1998)

This article presents excerpts of a speech presented by the State Family Planning Commissioner of China at the UNFPA headquarters. Madame Peng Peiyun indicated that China has adopted some new decision-making processes as a follow-up to the 1994 ICPD Plan of Action. President Jiang Zemin stated that sustainable development must be achieved as part of the movement toward modernization. China places great importance on balancing population growth, social production, economic development, resources, and the environment. In 1995, the State Family Planning Commission changed its guidelines and approaches by integrating family planning (FP) within socioeconomic development and shifting to an interest oriented program integrated with social restraints and integrating FP publicity and education with comprehensive services and modern management. The FP program should meet the needs for reproductive health and contraception and be integrated within poverty alleviation and economic development schemes in rural areas. The aim is to build happy and more civil-minded farming families. Attention should be directed to the interests of farmers and the physical and psychological health of women. Programs should be voluntary. Many poverty reduction programs operated in the early 1990s. Pilot programs were established in 1995, in 11 selected counties and urban districts. The aim was to improve grassroots efforts to meet clients' needs for quality reproductive health and contraception. In 1994, providers received upgrading of skills. As the most populous country in the world, China needs UNFPA support in stabilizing population growth.
Development of a Complete Dynamic Model of a Planar Five-Link Biped and Sliding Mode Control of Its Locomotion During the Double Support Phase (2004)

This paper presents a complete dynamic model of a planar five-link biped walking on level ground. The single support phase (SSP), double support phase (DSP) and double impact occurring at the heel strike are included in the model. By modifying the conventional definition of certain physical parameters of the biped system, it is shown that the procedure of the derivation of the dynamic equations and their final forms are significantly simplified. For motion regulation during the DSP, our dynamic model is formulated as the motion of biped system under holonomic constraints, and the hip position and the trunk orientation are selected as the independent generalized coordinates to describe the constraint system and to eliminate the constraint forces from the equations of motion. Based on the presented dynamic formulation, we develop a sliding mode controller for motion regulation during the DSP where the biped is treated as a redundant manipulator. The stability and the robustness of the controller are investigated, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a sliding mode controller is developed for biped walking during the DSP. This work makes it possible to provide robust sliding mode control to a full range of biped walking and to yield dexterity and versatility for performing specific gait patterns.
Coupling of a scanning flow cell with online electrochemical mass spectrometry for screening of reaction selectivity (2014)

In this work the online coupling of a miniaturized electrochemical scanning flow cell (SFC) to a mass spectrometer is introduced. The system is designed for the determination of reaction products in dependence of the applied potential and/or current regime as well as fast and automated change of the sample. The reaction products evaporate through a hydrophobic PTFE membrane into a small vacuum probe, which is positioned only 50–100 μm away from the electrode surface. The probe is implemented into the SFC and directly connected to the mass spectrometer. This unique configuration enables fast parameter screening for complex electrochemical reactions, including investigation of operation conditions, composition of electrolyte, and material composition. The technical developments of the system are validated by initial measurements of hydrogen evolution during water electrolysis and electrochemical reduction of CO2 to various products, showcasing the high potential for systematic combinatorial screening by this approach.
Phased Arrays 1985 Symposium - Proceedings (1985)

Abstract : The Phased Arrays '85 Symposium, sponsored by the Rome Air Development Center, the MITRE Corporation, and the University of Massachusetts, was held at the MITRE Corporation 15-18 October and reviewed the state-of-the- art of phased array antenna systems and of the technology for next generation systems. This report contains the full papers which were presented with clearance for unlimited distribution. Keywords include: Phased array antennas; Phased array systems; Digital beamforming; Monolithic arrays; and Adaptive array antennas.
Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous Activity in Patients With Congenital Long QT Syndrome by an Analysis of RR Variability (1996)

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by a prolonged QT interval and lethal ventricular tachycardia (Torsades de Pointes: TdP). The pathogenesis of LQTS and the induction of TdP have been thought to be closely related to autonomic nervous abnormalities. We examined autonomic activity in 13 LQTS patients by analyzing heart rate variability from 24 h Holter ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings without medications. In a frequency-analysis of RR variability, we calculated the power in the low-frequency domain (LF) and the high-frequency domain (HF) over 24 h. The ratio of LF to HF (an index of sympathetic nervous activity) was lower in LQTS patients than in controls, whereas HF (an index of parasympathetic nervous activity) was higher. Moreover, LQTS patients with TdP had lower abnormal sympathetic nervous activity than those without TdP. The index of autonomic nervous activity obtained using this method could be useful for evaluating the severity in LQTS.
Low threshold CMOS circuits with low standby current (1998)

Multi-Voltage CMOS (MVCMOS) is a design methodology for very low power supply voltages that uses low-threshold transistors in series with the supply rails. The control voltages on the gating transistors need to be outside of the Vdd - Vss range (hence the name MVCMOS) in order to reduce the standby current, but the resulting circuits operate at lower supply voltages and have a lower area overhead than the previously proposed Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS).
Five components of the ethylene-response pathway identified in a screen for <i>weak ethylene-insensitive</i> mutants in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

Five ethylene-insensitive loci (wei1-wei5) were identified by using a low-dose screen for "weak" ethylene-insensitive mutants. wei1, wei2, and wei3 seedlings showed hormone insensitivity only in roots, whereas wei4 and wei5 displayed insensitivity in both roots and hypocotyls. The genes corresponding to wei1, wei4, and wei5 were isolated using a positional cloning approach. The wei1 mutant harbored a recessive mutation in TIR1, which encodes a component of the SCF protein ubiquitin ligase involved in the auxin response. wei4, a dominant mutant, resulted from a mutation in the ethylene receptor ERS, whereas wei5, a semidominant mutant, was caused by a mutation in the EIN3-related transcription factor gene EIL1. The simultaneous loss of functional WEI5EIL1 and EIN3 nearly completely abolished the ethylene response in etiolated seedlings, and adult plants were highly susceptible to infection by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, wei5eil1 ein3 double mutants were able to fully suppress constitutive signaling caused by ctr1, suggesting a synergistic interaction among these gene products. Unlike previously known root ethylene-insensitive mutants, wei2 and wei3 were not affected in their response to auxin and showed a normal response to gravity. Genetic mapping studies indicate that wei2 and wei3 correspond to previously unidentified ethylene pathway genes that may control cell-elongation processes functioning at the intersection of the ethylene and auxin response pathways.
An alternative to public key encryption (1995)

Distribution of session keys is the single most important issue in encryption. The distribution problem is assumed to be complicated, and there is already a plethora of elaborate mechanisms for maintaining security, all based on interventionist strategies such as key distribution centres and certification authorities. This paper calls into question whether such elaboration is either necessary or desirable. Any form of intervention is a method of last resort. This paper proposes an alternative in which no form of third-party management whatsoever is necessary. The alternative solution is to devise means whereby the originator and recipient exchange open information prior to the transmission of the main message from which they and they alone can deduce the session key which will be used to encrypt the message. Systems which provide this facility can be broadly classified as zero knowledge systems. Within this broad category are public key systems which guard the session key by an asymmetric encryption method. This paper proposes an alternative system which eliminates the need for large primes. It can be implemented by a compact algorithm and uses small amounts of memory. The system draws on a method of generating a sequence in which the problem of tracing the sequence back to its primitives is immensely difficult. The three essential requirements of the proposed system are a unique identity string, a unique crypt string and a key management algorithm.
Th17 cells promote pancreatic inflammation but only induce diabetes efficiently in lymphopenic hosts after conversion into Th1 cells (2009)

IDDM is characterized by leukocyte invasion to the pancreatic tissues followed by immune destruction of the islets. Despite the important function of Th17 cells in other autoimmune disease models, their function in IDDM is relatively unclear. In this study, we found association of elevated Th17 cytokine expression with diabetes in NOD mice. To understand the function of Th17 cells in IDDM, we differentiated islet-reactive BDC2.5 TcR transgenic CD4(+) cells in vitro into Th17 cells and transferred them into NOD.scid and neonate NOD mice. NOD.scid recipient mice developed rapid onset of diabetes with extensive insulitic lesions, whereas in newborn NOD mice, despite extensive insulitis, most recipient mice did not develop diabetes. Surprisingly, BDC2.5(+) cells recovered from diabetic NOD.scid mice, in comparison with those from neonate NOD mice, showed predominant IFN-gamma over IL-17 expression, indicating conversion of donor cells into Th1 cells. Moreover, diabetes progression in NOD.scid recipients was dependent on IFN-gamma while anti-IL-17 treatment reduced insulitic inflammation. These results indicate that islet-reactive Th17 cells promote pancreatic inflammation, but only induce IDDM upon conversion into IFN-gamma producers.