gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Modulation Technique for a Four-Leg Fault-Tolerant Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a new low-loss modulation technique for the hybrid three-level four-leg converter. The total losses of the converter are reduced by about 18% on average compared to the standard three-leg neutral-point-clamped converter. Furthermore, the low-frequency voltage oscillation in the neutral point is completely cancelled, and the maximum benefit of the dc-link voltage is obtained. All these facts, together with the fault-tolerant ability due to the fourth leg, make this topology very interesting for applications such as wind generation, in which it is important to maximize efficiency and reliability. Some experimental results confirm the good performance of the proposed modulation technique. </para>
Identification and characterization of nuclease activities in anaerobic environmental samples (2000)

DNA-degrading activity from anaerobic samples of bovine ruminal fluid, primary anaerobic digestor wastewater, freshwater sediments, and marine sediments was observed in the presence of 5 mM EDTA. Nuclease activity experiments involved exposing salmon chromosomal DNA to the environmental samples in 50 mM pH 7.2 buffer, incubating at 37 degrees C, and subjecting the products to electrophoresis. The same stock and concentration of EDTA used in these assays (5 mM) completely inhibited commercial grade DNase. Nuclease activity in two of the samples, ruminal fluid and wastewater, was further characterized. DNA degradation in the ruminal sample was significantly reduced when EDTA or citrate concentrations were increased to 50 mM or above. DNA degradation activity in ruminal fluid was associated with material that passed through a 0.22-micron filter, but wastewater activity was associated with material retained by a 3-micron filter. Degradation activity in the wastewater was resistant to heat pretreatment, whereas the rumen activity was heat-labile (70 degrees C, 60 min). These results demonstrated the biochemical complexity of these two environments and that high molecular weight DNA has a short half-life in these anaerobic environments.
All-Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Photostable Photo-cross-linkable Fluorescent Small Molecules (2016)

We demonstrate herein the fabrication of small molecule-based OLEDs where four organic layers from the hole- to the electron-transporting layers have successively been deposited by using an all-solution process. The key feature of the device relies on a novel photopolymerizable red-emitting material, made of small fluorophores substituted with two acrylate units, and displaying high-quality film-forming properties as well as high emission quantum yield as nondoped thin films. Insoluble emissive layers were obtained upon UV irradiation using low illumination doses, with no further need of postcuring. Very low photodegradation was noticed, giving rise to bright layers with a remarkable surface quality, characterized by a mean RMS roughness as low as 0.7 nm after development. Comparative experiments between solution-processed OLEDs and vacuum-processed OLEDs made of fluorophores with close architectures show external quantum efficiencies in the same range while displaying distinct behaviors in terms of current and power efficiencies. They validate the proof of concept of nondoped solution-processable emissive layers exclusively made of photopolymerized fluorophores, thereby reducing the amount of components and opening the way toward cost-effective fabrication of solution-processed OLED multilayer architectures.
Perspectives on the use of melatonin to reduce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methacrylate-based dental materials (2011)

Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), an indoleamine produced in the pineal gland and many other organs, displays a wide spectrum of protective effects against cell injury of various origins. Contemporary dental restorative materials mainly consist of methacrylate polymers with some additives. However, because of the incompleteness of polymerization process in situ as well as mechanical shearing and enzymatic degradation, methacrylate monomers are released from the restoration into the oral cavity and the pulp, from where they gain access to other tissues and organs. Such monomers have displayed toxic properties in many in vivo and in vitro studies, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and a considerable portion of these effects is underlined by the oxidative action of these compounds. As melatonin shows biocompatibility with the oral cavity and displays antioxidative properties, it may be considered as a protective agent against harmful effects of methacrylate monomers derived from dental restorations. Melatonin decreases cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methacrylate monomers used in dentistry, and it does not influence the bond strength of dental composites. This opens a new possible application of melatonin to improve properties of biomaterials used in dentistry.
La restauración arquitectónica en Italia, hoy (1997)

En un artículo lleno de arrebato, Paolo Marconi expone su reflexión personal sobre la ideología de la restaura­ción en Italia, en los últimos decenios, extraída de casi cuarenta años de experiencia en el campo profesional y docente. Nos parece interesante que los lectores de LOGGIA conozcan este texto polémico, que posee la fuerza de un manifiesto, en el que propone un giro copernicano en la filosofía de la intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico con respecto a las teorías de restauración de origen Boitiano
Design and Analysis of CMOS Frequency Dividers With Wide Input Locking Ranges (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency synthesizer needs a low-power frequency divider (FD) with a wide input locking range to ensure reliability and lower power operation. In this paper, the design and analysis of low-power wide locking range MMW FDs are presented. Proposed are two divide-by-2 (D2) and divide-by-4 (D4) FDs that achieve the widest locking range reported to date by using a dual-mixing technique. Both FDs are fabricated in 90-nm CMOS and are demonstrated to achieve very wide input locking ranges without any tuning mechanism. At an input power of 0 dBm, the D2 FD has a locking range of 51–74 GHz, and that of the D4 FD is 82.5–89 GHz. The power consumption is only 3 mW for both the D2 FD and the D4 FD, from a 0.5 V supply. The proposed D2 and D4 FDs may facilitate incorporation into a product of a MMW phase-locked loop that is smaller, consumes less power, and is more reliable than the conventional approach. </para>
Image Feature Analysis of False-Positives Produced by an Automated Computerized Scheme for the Detection of Putmonary Nodules in Digital Chest Radiographs (1992)

Kano, A. B.Sc.; Matsumoto, T. M.D; Yoshimura, H. M.Sc; Dol, K. Ph.D.; Giger, M. L. Ph.D; MacMahon, H. M.D; Abe, K. M.D; Monter, S. M.D Author Information
Performance studies of networked video-on-demand systems (2006)

In a multimedia service such as video-on-demand system, video streaming requires allocation of several communication channels. The overall cost of establishing a video-on-demand system also includes the channel cost. Several caching and batching schemes have been proposed in literature for the optimal utilization of these channels. A viewer is served with a mix of main and small (e.g. advertisement) movies. The requested movies not necessarily will be of same duration. This study deals with the system having limited number of channels and servicing of requests for mixed movies of different durations. The system is modeled for its behavior with a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) process. The performance measures such as channel utilization, number of channels in use, blocking probability of channels, cost and duration after which the proposed system starts yielding profit etc. are quantified in terms of various design parameters like, total number of channels, users request arrival rate, and batching interval, request service rate etc.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Inhibits Fas Ligand Expression and Subsequent Activation-induced Cell Death in T Cells via Downregulation of c-Myc (1999)

Activation-induced cell death (AICD) is a process that regulates the size and the duration of the primary immune T cell response. In this report, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of AICD by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). We found that TGF-beta1 decreased apoptosis of human T cells or T cell hybridomas after activation by anti-CD3. This decrease was associated with inhibition of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand (FasL) expression, whereas Fas signaling was not affected by TGF-beta1. In parallel, TGF-beta1 inhibited c-Myc expression in T cell hybridomas, and ectopic expression of a chimeric molecule composed of c-Myc and the steroid binding domain of the estrogen receptor (Myc-ER) blocked both the inhibition of FasL and the decrease of AICD induced by TGF-beta1, providing that 4-hydroxytamoxifen was present. These results identify one mechanism by which TGF-beta1 blocks AICD to allow the clonal expansion of effector T cells and the generation of memory T cells during immune responses.
Gα(q/11)‐coupled P2Y <sub>2</sub> nucleotide receptor inhibits human keratinocyte spreading and migration (2007)

Reepithelialization is a critical step in wound healing. It is initiated by keratinocyte migration at the wound edges. After wounding, extracellular nucleotides are released by keratinocytes and other skin cells. Here, we report that activation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor by ATP/UTP inhibits keratinocyte cell spreading and induces lamellipodium withdrawal. Kymography analysis demonstrates that these effects correlate with a durable decrease of lamellipodium dynamics. P2Y2 receptor activation also induces a dramatic dismantling of the actin network, the loss of alpha3 integrin expression at the cell periphery, and the dissolution of focal contacts as indicated by the alteration of alpha(v) integrins and focal contact protein distribution. In addition, activation of P2Y2R prevents growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Erk(1,2) and Akt/PkB. The use of a specific pharmacological inhibitor (YM-254890), the depletion of G alpha(q/11) by siRNA, or the expression of a constitutively active G alpha(q/11) mutant (Q209L) show that activation of G alpha(q/11) is responsible for these ATP/UTP-induced effects. Finally, we report that ATP delays growth factor-induced wound healing of keratinocyte monolayers. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a unique and important role for extracellular nucleotides as efficient autocrine/paracrine regulators of keratinocyte shape and migration during wound healing.
Photonic crystals versus diffraction gratings in Smith-Purcell radiation (2002)

The emission cross section of Smith-Purcell radiation is calculated for a charged particle running near the surface of a photonic crystal. The cross section of a photonic crystal of arrayed dielectric spheres and that of a diffraction grating are compared. It is shown that well-defined photonic bands of the photonic crystal bring about a spectrum full of resonant structures of enhanced intensity, whose peak heights are an order of magnitude larger than the emission intensity of the diffraction grating. The results of calculations thus show a possible advantage of photonic crystals over diffraction gratings as a converter of the evanescent field from a running charge into propagating waves.
Characterization of MOCVD PbTiO<sub>3</sub>thin films (1989)

Abstract The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has excellent potential for the deposition of device-quality ferroelectric thin films. The MOCVD method has been applied to the preparation of perovskite PbTiO3 thin films on fused silica and Pt-coated alumina substrates. An MOCVD system has been designed and built to deposit PbTiO3 films starting from organic precursors (tetraethyl lead and titanium isopropoxide). A wide range of conditions were investigated, and the conditions suitable for the deposition of perovskite PbTiO3 were identified. The stoichiometry of the PbTiO3 films as determined by electron microprobe analysis was variable over a wide range, and two types of microstructures, either faceted or nodular were produced. When prepared under appropriate deposition conditions, the MOCVD PbTiO3 films exhibited nominally phase-pure perovskite XRD patterns. However, the lattice parameters calculated by x-ray diffraction (a = 3.91 and c = 4.09 angstroms) indicated a slightly lesser...
1. Vikings then and now (2005)

Abstract ‘Vikings then and now’ examines where the notion of the Vikings comes from and attempts to deconstruct the term, which is a nebulous concept. In different contexts the Vikings have been remembered as merchants, manufacturers, marauders, explorers, democrats, poets, statesmen, or warriors. The concept of the Vikings is relatively new. Originally, it referred to pirate activity. It came to mean a whole people, and then a chronological label: the Viking Age. Who were the Vikings? Where did they come from? Ethnic groups used to be seen as cultural and biological isolates, but now we understand that cultures only exist in relation to other culture.
Weight smoothing to improve network generalization (1994)

A weight smoothing algorithm is proposed in this paper to improve a neural network's generalization capability. The algorithm can be used when the data patterns to be classified are presented on an n-dimensional grid (n>/=1) and there exists some correlations among neighboring data points within a pattern. For a fully-interconnected feedforward net, no such correlation information is embedded into the architecture. Consequently, the correlations can only be extracted through sufficient amount of network training. With the proposed algorithm, a smoothing constraint is incorporated into the objective function of backpropagation to reflect the neighborhood correlations and to seek those solutions that have smooth connection weights. Experiments were performed on problems of waveform classification, multifont alphanumeric character recognition, and handwritten numeral recognition. The results indicate that (1) networks trained with the algorithm do have smooth connection weights, and (2) they generalize better.
Evidence for an adenosine receptor on the surface of dog coronary myocytes. (1976)

Adenosine and theophylline were linked covalently to oxidized stachyose to produce compounds too large to penetrate cell membranes. These compounds were used in two conscious and six open-chest anesthetized dogs to test the hypothesis that there is an adenosine receptor on the surface of the coronary myocyte. Intracoronary infusions of the adenosine derivative produced dose-dependent coronary vasodilation which was antagonized by theophylline; two types of theophylline derivative antagonized the coronary vasodilatory action of adenosine. Although these results show that both adenosine and theophylline exert their coronary effects at the surface of the smooth muscle cells, this evidence does not establish that they are competing for a common receptor.
The Pain Divide between Men and Women (2006)

Current Clinical Issues21 March 2006The Pain Divide between Men and WomenJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The problem with treating pain, of course, is that no one can see it. And even though doctors are warned never to think that they know how much pain patients are experiencing, it happens all the time. “Put yourself in that position and you immediately misrepresent the patient and do them a misservice. The patient may end up undertreated,” said Allan I. Basbaum, PhD, professor and chair of the Department of Anatomy at University of California, San Francisco, and editor in chief of the journal Pain.Women are particularly likely to face this problem because they seek treatment for pain ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jennifer Fisher WilsonDisclosures: None disclosed.E-mail:jenwilson@acponline.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHistorical Alternans in the Emergency Department (H.A.t.E.D.) for Pain: An Analysis of Patient Pain Descriptors to Attending and Trainee CliniciansA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health Utility Estimates in Chronic Spontaneous UrticariaDopamine receptor D3 agonist (Pramipexole) reduces morphine-induced cardiac fibrosisThe Relationship between Pain, Disability, and Sex in African AmericansExploring pain in the Andes – learning from the Quichua (Inca) people experienceClinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Its Metabolites During Morphine Dose Titration for Chronic Cancer PainPain and Brain ChangesPain in young people aged 13 to 17 years with cerebral palsy: cross-sectional, multicentre European studySex Differences in Reported Pain Across 11,000 Patients Captured in Electronic Medical RecordsGender Differences in Multiple Underlying Dimensions of Health-related Quality of Life Are Associated with Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic StatusWomen’s Pain Management IssuesPain and the pharmacogenetics at the fuzzy border between pain physiopathology and pain treatmentResponse to Morphine in Male and Female Patients: Analgesia and Adverse EventsNociceptive Processing in the Cerebral CortexPain and Brain Changes 21 March 2006Volume 144, Issue 6 Page: 461-464 Keywords Analgesics Brain Drugs Emotions Estrogens Migraine Morphine Nociceptors Opioids Sex hormones ePublished: 21 March 2006 Issue Published: 21 March 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis and Antiviral and Cytostatic Activities of Carbocyclic Nucleosides Incorporating a Modified Cyclobutane Ring (1999)

Five new carbocyclic nucleosides were prepared by constructing a guanine (compounds 3, 5) or 8-azaguanine (compounds 4, 6, and 7) base on the amino group of (1′S,3′R)-3-(3′-amino-2′,2′-dimethylcyclobutyl) propan-1-ol (8), and their activities against a variety of viruses and tumor cell lines were determined. Only compounds 3 and 7 showed a detectable activity at subtoxic concentrations against some viruses tested.
A 10-Gb/s CDR With an Adaptive Optimum Loop-Bandwidth Calibrator for Serial Communication Links (2014)

This paper describes a 10-Gb/s clock-and-data recovery (CDR) with a background optimum loop-bandwidth calibrator. The proposed CDR automatically achieves the minimum-mean-square error between jittery input data and the recovered clock signal by adjusting the bandwidth of a CDR using Kalman filtering theory. A testchip is fabricated in a 0.11 μm CMOS process and the adaptive optimum loop-bandwidth calibrator is implemented via an off-chip micro controller unit. The testchip recovers clock and data with a bit error rate of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> while consuming 82 mW at 10-Gb/s.
Physics for Game Programmers (2005)

Physics for Game Programmers shows you how to infuse compelling and realistic action into game programming even if you dont have a college-level physics background! Author Grant Palmer covers basic ph
Safety of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives (1997)

The safety of the PEGs has been studied and reported for over fifty years. Despite the fact that PEGS are generally recognized as safe, there is a paucity of recent literature on this topic. In this chapter we review the literature from early studies, and present new information on the safety of two different PEG polymers, one delivered subcutaneously as a component of an imaging agent and the other intravenously as a component of long-circulating liposomes encapsulating an oncologic product. These recent studies confirm the relative safety of PEG, reporting no significant adverse effects related to PEG administration.
OXIME REACTIVATION STUDIES OF INHIBITED TRUE AND PSEUDO CHOLINESTERASE (1959)

Electric eel cholinesterase and purified pseudo cholinesterase from horse serum were inhibited with sarin, tabun, or O, O-diethyl-S-2-diethylaminoethyl phosphorothiolate. The inhibited enzymes were then reactivated at 25 °C with one of the oximes: pyridine 2-aldoxime methiodide, 1, 1′-trimethylene bis (4-hydroximinomethyl pyridinum) bromide, and 1-(3-triethylammoniopropyl)-4-hydroximinomethyl pyridinium dibromide. Two kinetically different types of reactivation were found; in one, reactivation was progressive with time, while in the other it was rapid initially followed by an equilibrium condition which was dependent upon the concentration of uninhibited enzyme in the system. The type of reactivation varied according to the nature of the enzyme, oxime, or inhibitor under investigation. Reactivation was always found to be dependent upon the concentration of oxime and inhibited enzyme, pH, and the presence of substrate. The rate of change at 25 °C of the inhibited enzymes to a form incapable of being reactivated has been assessed.
Coupled Transmission Line Networks in an Inhomogeneous Dielectric Medium (1969)

In this paper, two-port networks composed of two identical, coupled transmission lines embedded in an inhomogeneous dielectric (e.g., suspended substrate, microstrip) are investigated. The ABCD parameters of circuit configurations, considered by Jones and Bolljahn, are obtained for the case of inhomogeneous dielectilc. Equivalent circuits of these networks are also given. It is shown that the characteristics of such circuits differ markedly from those embedded in a homogeneous medium. In addition, experimental results are presented for three types of circuits which have been constructed and tested. There is excellent agreement between the experimental results and those predicted theoretically on the basis of the equivalent circuits.
IGF-1 Receptor and Adhesion Signaling: An Important Axis in Determining Cancer Cell Phenotype and Therapy Resistance (2015)

IGF-1R expression and activation levels generally cannot be correlated in cancer cells, suggesting that cellular proteins may modulate IGF-1R activity. Strong candidates for such modulation are found in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion signaling complexes. Activated IGF-1R is present at focal adhesions, where it can stabilize β1 integrin and participate in signaling complexes that promote invasiveness associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to therapy. Whether IGF-1R contributes to EMT or to non-invasive tumor growth may be strongly influenced by the degree of extracellular matrix engagement and the presence or absence of key proteins in IGF-1R-cell adhesion complexes. One such protein is PDLIM2, which promotes both cell polarization and EMT by regulating the stability of transcription factors including NFκB, STATs, and beta catenin. PDLIM2 exhibits tumor suppressor activity, but is also highly expressed in certain invasive cancers. It is likely that distinct adhesion complex proteins modulate IGF-1R signaling during cancer progression or adaptive responses to therapy. Thus, identifying the key modulators will be important for developing effective therapeutic strategies and predictive biomarkers.