gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical fibers and amplifiers for WDM systems (1997)

The development of optical-fiber amplifiers allowed a dramatic increase in the capacity of optical transmission systems while reducing system costs. Capacity increases are possible because the high output powers afforded by optical-fiber amplifiers support higher bit rates, while their broad bandwidth and slow gain dynamics allow multichannel operation. This benefit comes at the expense of having to manage signal-to-noise ratio degradations due to the accumulation of amplifier noise and dispersion distortions accumulated over the total system link. Furthermore, nonlinear optical effects become significant with the use of high power signals over long lengths of fiber, causing cross talk among the different channels and increasing signal distortions. To fully exploit the potential capacity of wavelength division multiplexing systems, the optical characteristics of the fibers and optical-fiber amplifiers must be optimized. The optical amplifiers should have low noise and flat gain, which can be achieved by using 980-nm pump lasers, optimized fiber glass composition, and gain-flattening filters. The optical fibers should have a small nonzero dispersion and large effective area. Both features can be achieved by optimizing the fiber index profile. This paper summarizes the state of the art in these components and points to directions for future exploration.
Reduced-Complexity Time-Domain Equalization for Turbo-MIMO Systems (2007)

A reduced-complexity time-domain equalization scheme for wideband turbo-multiple-input multiple-output (turbo-MIMO) systems is presented. This scheme, called iterative trellis search equalization, is based on a modified version of the M-Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (M-BCJR) algorithm, applied to a suitably chosen trellis representation of the wideband MIMO channel process. Exploiting the properties of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal constellations with block-partitionable labels, this modified M-BCJR algorithm has complexity per bit that is independent of the constellation size, and polynomial in the number of transmit antennas and channel memory. Results from computer simulations show that the new scheme successfully mitigates intersymbol interference even if only a very small fraction of trellis state transitions is considered. It is also demonstrated that asynchronous transmission of the spatially multiplexed symbol streams can result in considerable performance improvement compared to synchronous MIMO systems.
[A case report of a left atrial ball thrombus at 16 years after mitral valve replacement]. (1996)

A free floating ball thrombus in left atrium is very rare, only 2 cases that develop ball thrombus after mitral valve replacement (MVR) have been reported. This case was a 55-year-old female who underwent MVR and tricuspid annuloplasty (TAP) in 1978. After 16 years, she developed replaced mitral valve stenosis due to pannus formation and tricuspid regurgitation (TR), with a free floating ball thrombus in the giant left atrium. A ball thrombus was taken out, and Re-MVR and tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) was carried out. Post operative course was uneventful. Because a free floating ball thrombus easily causes "Hole-in-one" sudden death, early surgical treatment must be considered.
The preparation and characterization of homogeneous copolymers of ethylene and 1‐alkenes (1984)

Abstract Homogeneous copolymers of ethylene and 1‐alkenes have been prepared using an ethyl aluminum sesquichloride–vanadium oxychloride catalyst system. Branches were varied from CH 3 to C 16 H 33 by appropriate choice of 1‐alkene. Size exclusion studies of copolymers of ethylene‐d 4 and 1‐alkenes show that the comonomer content of a given sample is essentially constant over the whole molecular weight range. A random distribution of branches is inferred from the simplicity of the 13 C‐NMR spectra and from the melting behaviour of the copolymers. Comonomer contents varying from 1 mol% to 15 mol% were readily determined by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. The copolymers can be used to study the separate effects of branch length, branch frequency, and molecular weight on physical properties including melting point and crystallinity.
Catalytic production of carbon nanotubes over first row transition metal oxides supported on montmorillonite (2005)

Clay-carbon nanotube composites were prepared by employing the catalytic chemical vapor deposition method (CCVD) over different transition metal oxides supported on montmorillonite. Various analytical techniques including SEM, TEM, XRD and DTA/TGA were used for the characterization of the final composite materials. The morphology, quality and structure of the produced nanotubes is shown to be dependent on the type of transition metals.
Understanding phase contrast artefacts in micro computed absorption tomography (2014)

Phase contrast imaging is a technique which captures objects with little or no light absorption. This is possible due to the wave nature of light, i.e., diffraction. In computerised tomography, the aim is most often to reconstruct the light absorption property of objects but many objects can not be imaged without obtaining a mix of both absorption and phase, this is especially true for weakly absorbing objects at high resolution. Hence, phase contrast is usually considered an unwanted artefact which should be removed. Traditionally this is done directly on the projection data prior to the filtered back projection algorithm and the filter settings are derived from the physical setup of the imaging device. In this paper we show how these operations can be carried out on the reconstructed data, without access to the projection images, which yields much flexibility over previous approaches. Especially, filtering can be applied to small regions of interest which simplifies fine tuning of parameters, and some low pass filtering can be avoided which is inherent in previous methods. We will also show the filter parameters can be estimated from step edges in the reconstructed images.
Optimal operation strategy by battery energy storage systems in distribution system (2010)

In recent years, distributed generation (DG) and renewable energies source (RES) are attracting special attention to distribution systems. Renewable energy such as photovoltaic system and wind turbine generator are used as the sources of green energy. However, the large amount of distributed generation causes voltage deviation beyond the statutory range in distribution systems. This paper proposes a decision technique of optimal reference scheduling of the battery energy storage system and the existing voltage control devices for optimal distribution system operation. In this proposed method, the formulated control objective is solved by optimization algorithm. The proposed method achieves the following be a tunes: The node voltage in maintained in the acceptable range, the fluctuation of active power flow in reduced at the interconnection point in the distribution system, and the total distribution loss are reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations with using MATLAB <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> .
Bilingual acoustic modeling with state mapping and three-stage adaptation for transcribing unbalanced code-mixed lectures (2011)

This paper presents a bilingual acoustic modeling approach for transcribing Mandarin-English code-mixed lectures with highly unbalanced language distribution. Special terminologies for the content were produced in the guest language of English (about 15%) and embedded in the utterances produced in the host language of Mandarin (about 85%). The code-mixing nature of the target corpus and the very small percentage of the English data made the task difficult. State mapping and merging approaches plus three stages of model adaptation handles the above problem. Significant improvements in recognition accuracy were obtained in the experiment with a real bilingual code-mixed lecture corpus recorded at National Taiwan University. The code-mixing situation considered is actually very natural in the spoken language of the daily lives of many people in the globalized world today.
Design and scalability of NLS, a scalable naming and location service (2003)

This paper sketches the design of NLS, a scalable naming and location service, and presents an analysis and evaluation of its scalability. NLS resolves textual names to a nearby instance of a set of replicated objects associated with that name, and is designed to scale to the dimensions of a world-wide service. Applications include resolving Web URIs (uniform resource identifiers) to the nearest cached or replicated objects that provide the associated content. The key design goals of NLS are scalability, performance, availability and ease of administration. NLS is based on a dynamically configured, distributed search tree, with a fat-tree based topology at the global layer and spanning trees at the local layer. Analysis and preliminary empirical results obtained with a prototype implementation indicate that the system scales as expected.
Robust quantum gates and a bus architecture for quantum computing with rare-earth-ion-doped crystals (2003)

We present a composite pulse controlled phase gate which, together with a bus architecture, improves the feasibility of a recent quantum computing proposal based on rare-earth-ion-doped crystals. The proposed gate operation is tolerant to variations between ions of coupling strengths, pulse lengths, and frequency shifts. In the absence of decoherence effects, it achieves worst case fidelities above $0.999$ with relative variations in coupling strength as high as $10%$ and frequency shifts up to several percent of the resonant Rabi frequency of the laser used to implement the gate. We outline an experiment to demonstrate the creation and detection of maximally entangled states in the system.
The Functional Role of MnSOD as a Biomarker of Human Diseases and Therapeutic Potential of a New Isoform of a Human Recombinant MnSOD (2014)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a consequence of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This work describes the role of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a biomarker of different human diseases and proposes a new therapeutic application for the prevention of cancer and its treatment. The paper also describes how a new form of human MnSOD was discovered, its initial application, and its clinical potentials. The MnSOD isolated from a human liposarcoma cell line (LSA) was able to kill cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors, but it did not have cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Together with its oncotoxic activity, the recombinant MnSOD (rMnSOD) exerts a radioprotective effect on normal cells irradiated with X-rays. The rMnSOD is characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, which allows the protein to enter cells: this unique property can be used in the radiodiagnosis of cancer or chemotherapy, conjugating radioactive substances or chemotherapic drugs to the leader peptide of the MnSOD. Compared to traditional chemotherapic agents, the drugs conjugated with the leader peptide of MnSOD can selectively reach and enter cancer cells, thus reducing the side effects of traditional treatments.
New polyenic antibiotics active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. I. Isolation and purification of antibiotics produced by Gluconobacter sp. W-315. (1982)

A new antibiotic, tentatively named as AB-315, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Gluconobacter sp. W-315. The antibiotic consists of a mixture of chemically related compounds. These compounds showed similar profiles in UV absorbancy. The antibiotics were active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, slightly active against fungi but not against yeasts.
Personality in cyberspace: Personal web sites as media for personality expressions and impressions. (2006)

This research examined the personality of owners of personal Web sites based on self-reports, visitors' ratings, and the content of the Web sites. The authors compared a large sample of Web site owners with population-wide samples on the Big Five dimensions of personality. Controlling for demographic differences, the average Web site owner reported being slightly less extraverted and more open to experience. Compared with various other samples, Web site owners did not generally differ on narcissism, self-monitoring, or self-esteem, but gender differences on these traits were often smaller in Web site owners. Self-other agreement was highest with Openness to Experience, but valid judgments of all Big Five dimensions were derived from Web sites providing rich information. Visitors made use of quantifiable features of the Web site to infer personality, and the cues they utilized partly corresponded to self-reported traits.
New Aspects of the Preparation and Polymerization of Cl3PNP(O)Cl2 (1999)

The DeJaeger synthesis of poly(dichlorophosphazene), (NPCl 2)n (1) from P-trichloro-N-(dichlorophosphoryl)monophosphazene, Cl 3P=NP(O)Cl 2 (2) represents an attractive alternative to the ring opening polymerization approach to 1. We have followed the Emsley reaction, i.e. PCl 5 and (NH4)2SO4, under a variety of conditions by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Alternative oxygen atom sources in place of (NH4)2SO4 were also explored. Model reactions to identify specific pathways potentially operating in the formation of 2 when combined with the NMR studies allow for identification of the most probable sequence of steps leading to 2. Conversion of 2 to 1 under different conditions was also examined. Molecular weight was monitored as a function of time by GPC with online direct detection of the diphenoxy derivative, [NP(OC6H5)2]n, of 1. The byproduct of the polymerization of 2 is POCl 3. After conversion of 2 to (RO)3PO, a one step process has been developed for conversion into (RO)3P=NSiMe3, another class of poly(phosphazene) precursors.
A wearable digital library of personal conversations (2002)

We have developed a wearable, personalized digital library system, which unobtrusively records the wearer's part of a conversation, recognizes the face of the current dialog partner and remembers his/her voice. The next time the system sees the same person and hears the same voice, it can replay parts of the last conversation in compressed form. Results from a prototype system show the effectiveness of combining of face recognition and speaker identification for retrieving conversations.
Oxidative DNA damage from sulfite autoxidation catalyzed by manganese(III) (2002)

A series of manganese(II) and manganese(III) salts and oxides were investigated for their ability to catalyze the autoxidation of sulfite resulting in oxidative damage to DNA. Experiments directed at identifying the reactive intermediates responsible for DNA oxidation included the trapping of a sulfite radical adduct during EPR studies, alcohol quenching studies of free radical intermediates, comparisons of relative reactivities toward conversion of Type I to Type II plasmid DNA and cleavage of a duplex DNA restriction fragment. The studies support previous work on the mechanism of manganese(III)-catalyzed sulfite autoxidation and provide evidence that simple manganese salts are capable of mediating substantial DNA damage in conjunction with sulfite.
Table des illustrations (2000)

Illustrations noir et blanc 1 - Carte postale du Musée des Colonies, (s.d.). Braun et Cie. Editions concessionnaires 50 2 - Ichok, « Population totale en milliers dans le département de la Seine », 1931, édité par l’Union des Caisses d’assurances sociales de la Région parisienne. 86 3 - « La conquête de Paris par les provinces de France » Almanach Hachette, Petite encyclopédie populaire de la vie pratique, 1932, p. 137 95 4 - « Calendrier parisien des principales fêtes, foires, salons, réjoui...
Anaerobic Bacteraemia Revisited: Species and Susceptibilities (2015)

This study indicates that the anaerobes comprise a small but constant proportion of bloodstream isolates. Antibiotic resistance was high to some antibiotics, but metronidazole, the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems retained good in vitro activity.
Paired and Unpaired Spectrum (2009)

As suitable radio spectrum for the deployment of cellular radio systems becomes increasingly scarce, a key design goal of LTE was to enable deployment in a diverse range of spectrum environments in terms of bandwidth, duplex spacing and uplink-downlink asymmetries. This chapter focuses first on the particular design challenges posed by operation in unpaired spectrum which had to be addressed during the design of LTE. These include unique interference issues, for which a thorough analysis is provided, co-existence with other systems, switching times between transmit and receive modes, and the design of control signalling. The second half of the chapter addresses the principle of reciprocity, a specific feature of deployments in which both directions of the radio link operate on the same frequency (i.e. TDD). The conditions under which reciprocity exists are identified, together with practical limitations. This leads on to an examination of which specific features of LTE may be able to benefit from reciprocity in appropriate scenarios; the validity of reciprocity is discussed for aspects such as scheduling, power control, link adaptation and MIMO schemes.
Automated reuse support for design of embedded avionics systems (2002)

With the growing complexity of software and systems, any contemporary software and system architecture contains components developed by different teams or organizations, resulting in increasingly greater costs for integration, test, deployment and use. We need: (i) advanced modeling techniques, which will permit us to represent semantically-rich information about architectures, their components, and their interfaces, and (ii) automated synthesis tools that will exploit semantically-rich models to enable easy integration, test, deployment and use. We describe a solution based upon two key technologies: (i) an emerging System Level Design Language called Rosetta, and (ii) formal specification based retrieval engine. Specifically, this paper describes the approach and results of a project called AutoSoft that confirmed our ability to support automatic reuse of software components within Wind River Systems MATRIX/sub X/. We describe our approach and the results of AutoSoft project in detail below.
Liquid Splash Modeling with Neural Networks (2018)

Abstract This paper proposes a new data‐driven approach to model detailed splashes for liquid simulations with neural networks. Our model learns to generate small‐scale splash detail for the fluid‐implicit‐particle method using training data acquired from physically parametrized, high resolution simulations. We use neural networks to model the regression of splash formation using a classifier together with a velocity modifier. For the velocity modification, we employ a heteroscedastic model. We evaluate our method for different spatial scales, simulation setups, and solvers. Our simulation results demonstrate that our model significantly improves visual fidelity with a large amount of realistic droplet formation and yields splash detail much more efficiently than finer discretizations.
Pattern dependent profile distortion during plasma etching of high aspect ratio features in SiO2 (2020)

As aspect ratios of features in microelectronics fabrication increase to beyond 100, transferring patterns using plasma etching into underlying materials becomes more challenging due to undesirable feature distortion such as twisting, tilting, and surface roughening. These distortions can be attributed to several causes including the randomness of reactive fluxes into features, charging, and pattern dependencies. Randomness mainly results from disparities in the fluxes of etching species into adjacent features, which can be exacerbated when reaching the etch front in high aspect ratio (HAR) features due to conduction limits. These stochastic variations in energy, angle, and sequence of the incident species into adjacent features, rather than reactor scale nonuniformities, produce many of the feature-to-feature variations in etch performance. Pattern dependent distortion results from interference between the features due to charging of the feature surfaces. The resulting electric fields act not only on the ions incident into a given feature, but also on the ions in adjacent features. With symmetric patterns, stochastic charging of the inside surfaces of features results in tilting of HAR features in random directions. However, with nominally identical neighboring features, electrical forces on ions inside the features should, in principle, cancel. Statistical variations will produce some random tilting; but on average, there is no systematic tilting. With asymmetric patterns, horizontal electric fields are generated by feature charging that point from dense (more positively charged) to sparse (less positively charged) areas of the pattern. These net electric fields deviate ions from normal incidence and produce systematic tilting.
Anthocyanin Pigmentation and Transposable Elements in Maize Aleurone (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Aleurone Anthocyanins and Related Flavonoid Pigments Genetic Control of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Maize Gene-Action Sequence Transposable Elements and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Anthocyanins and Plant Breeding
Hepatitis B virus HBx protein sensitizes cells to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor α (1997)

Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of human liver disease and is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most prevalent forms of human cancer. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is an important mediator of chronic liver disease caused by HBV infection. It is demonstrated that the HBV HBx protein acutely sensitizes cells to apoptotic killing when expressed during viral replication in cultured cells and in transfected cells independently of other HBV genes. Cells that were resistant to apoptotic killing by high doses of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a cytokine associated with liver damage during HBV infection, were made sensitive to very low doses of TNFalpha by HBx. HBx induced apoptosis by prolonged stimulation of N-Myc and the stress-mediated mitogen-activated-protein kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) pathway but not by up-regulating TNF receptors. Cell killing was blocked by inhibiting HBx stimulation of N-Myc or mitogen-activated-protein kinase kinase 1 using dominant-interfering forms or by retargeting HBx from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which prevents HBx activation of cytoplasmic signal transduction cascades. Treatment of cells with a mitogenic growth factor produced by many virus-induced tumors impaired induction of apoptosis by HBx and TNFalpha. These results indicate that HBx might be involved in HBV pathogenesis (liver disease) during virus infection and that enhanced apoptotic killing by HBx and TNFalpha might select for neoplastic hepatocytes that survive by synthesizing mitogenic growth factors.
Formation control of robotic swarms based on sonar sensing (2009)

Because of the simpleness, robustness and accuracy, sonar sensing has wide applications in navigation, target tracking and distance estimation for both civilian and defence use. This paper presents the applications of sonar sensors in the area of shape maintenance of multi-robot systems moving in formation. Each robot is equipped with simple sonar sensors and the multirobot systems are required to move from an arbitrary initial position to an arbitrary final position without deforming the formation shape.