gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to improve the estimation of power curves for wind turbines (2008)

We introduce a dynamical approach for the determination of power curves for wind turbines and compare it with two common methods—among them the standard procedure due to IEC 61400-12-1, i.e. the international standard prepared and published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The main idea of the new method is to separate the dynamics of a wind turbine's power output into a deterministic and a stochastic part, corresponding to the actual behaviour of the wind turbine and external influences such as the turbulence of the wind, respectively. In particular, the governing coefficients are reconstructed from the data, and the power characteristic is extracted as the stationary states of the deterministic behaviour. Our results prove that a dynamical approach enables one to grasp the actual conversion dynamics of a wind turbine and to gain most accurate results for the power curve, independent of site-specific influences.
Identification and synthesis of a receptor binding site of human anaphylatoxin C5a (1991)

C5a is a 74 amino acid polypeptide that likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the discovery of a C5a antagonist is of considerable therapeutic interest. A series of peptides designed to survey various regions of the molecule was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis and evaluated for receptor-binding activity with polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes. The C-terminal octapeptide (Ac-His-Lys-Asp-Met-Gln-Leu-Gly-Arg-OH) was identified as the smallest fragment which possessed reasonable C5a receptor binding activity.
Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared with Gel‐hydrothermal Process as a High Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanoparticles were prepared by gel‐hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination treatment. Calcination treatment led to structural water removal, decomposition of organics and primary formation of LTO. The formation temperature of spinel LTO nanoparticles was lower than that of bulk materials counterpart prepared by solid‐state reaction or by sol‐gel processing. Based on the thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal gravimetric (DTG), samples calcined at different temperatures (350, 500 and 700°C) were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammogram and charge‐discharge cycling tests. A phase transition during the calcination process was observed from the XRD patterns. And the sample calcined at 500°C had a distribution of diameters around 20 nm and exhibited large capacity and good high rate capability. The well reversible cyclic voltammetric results of both electrodes indicated enhanced electrochemical kinetics for lithium insertion. It was found that the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material prepared through gel‐hydrothermal process, when being cycled at 8 C, could preserve 76.6% of the capacity at 0.3 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity can reach up to 160.3 mAh·g −1 even after 100 cycles at 1 C, close to the theoretical capacity of 175 mAh·g −1 . The gel‐hydrothermal method seemed to be a promising method to synthesize LTO nanoparticles with good application in lithium ion batteries and electrochemical cells.
Urban Flash Flood Monitoring, Mapping and Forecasting via a Tailored Sensor Network System (2006)

Heavy convective rainfall often results in flooding in urban regions. The rainfall runoff process, however, is highly complex, nonlinear and temporally and spatially varying because of the variability of the terrain and climate attributes. An intelligent traffic system covering the emergency response capacity in response to flooding impacts in low-lying area of urban region is highly desirable to drivers and passengers nowadays. The proposed motes-based sensor network has three major modules, which are water level monitoring module, network video record module and data processing module. The water level monitoring module sensors water level information and transmits it to a server computer via motes-based wireless network. The network video record module takes and sends video in real-time to the server too. The data processing module linking existing flooding level with NOAA NEXRAD rainfall prediction data enables us to publish online raw data, predict inundation zone and disseminate video information through different media. Such integration would greatly enhance the disaster management capacity in hurricane events.
A 550µW 20kHz BW 100.8DB SNDR Linear-Exponential Multi-Bit Incremental Converter with 256-cycles in 65NM CMOS (2018)

This paper presents an incremental A/D converter with a two-phase linear-exponential accumulation loop. In the linear phase, the loop works as a first-order structure. The noise coupling path is then enabled in the exponential phase thus boosting the SQNR exponentially with a few number of clock cycles. The uniform-exponential weight function allows data weighted averaging (DWA) to work well suppressing the DAC mismatch error. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS under 1.2V supply, the ADC achieves an SNDR/DR of 100.8dB/101.8dB with 20kHzBW, 550μW & 0.134mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , resulting in FoMw and FoMs of 153fJ/176.4dB (SNDR), respectively.
Effects of surface seeding with vital cells on the calcium uptake of biological materials for heart valve replacement. (1996)

Seeding with viable cells might be a promising method of reducing calcium accumulation in bovine pericardial implants.
Integration of Shared Workspace and Interpersonal Space for Remote Collaboration (1999)

Computer-based groupware and video telephony are the major technological components of remote collaboration support. However, integration of these two components has been a big design challenge. This chapter introduces the research effort to integrate the shared workspace created by groupware technology and the interpersonal space supported by video communication technology. TeamWorkStation and ClearBoard will be introduced as example systems which were designed to support focused real-time collaboration by distributed group members.
Continuous Borehole Curvature Estimates While Drilling Based on Downhole Bending Moment Measurements (2004)

Abstract The paper shows that a downhole bending moment measurement combined with a simple mathematical model can provide a good estimate of the wellbore curvature, matching the results obtained from survey data analysis quite well. In addition, the bending moment measurement delivers wellbore curvature information at a much higher resolution than the standard Minimum Curvature method, which assumes a constant curvature between the survey stations. The paper presents numerous examples of downhole bending moment data measured in deployments with both rotary steerable and steerable motor BHAs and compares the dogleg severity estimates from the bending moment data with the dogleg severity derived from the survey measurements. Accuracy and limitations of the measurement and the model predictions are discussed. The paper also introduces a new method of analyzing cyclic hole effects applying FFT techniques to the depth-based bending data.
Nickel(i)-mediated transformations of carbon dioxide in closed synthetic cycles: reductive cleavage and coupling of CO2 generating NiICO, NiIICO3 and NiIIC2O4NiII entities (2013)

The β-diketiminato nickel(I) complex K2[L(tBu)Ni(I)(N2(2-))Ni(I)L(tBu)] reacts with CO2 via reductive disproportionation to form CO and CO3(2-) containing products, whereas after employment of the Ni(I) precursor [L(tBu)Ni(I)(N2)Ni(I)L(tBu)] reductive coupling of CO2 was observed giving an oxalate bridged dinickel(II) complex. The addition of KC8 to the carbonate and oxalate compounds formed leads to the regeneration of the initial Ni(I) complexes in an N2 atmosphere, thus closing synthetic cycles.
Nondamaging Retinal Laser Therapy: Rationale and Applications to the Macula (2016)

Heat shock protein expression in response to hyperthermia helps define the therapeutic window for NRT. Lack of tissue damage enables high-density treatment to boost clinical efficacy, therapy in the fovea, and retreatments to manage chronic diseases.
Rhamnogalacturonase B from Aspergillus aculeatus Is a Rhamnogalacturonan [alpha]-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-[alpha]-D-Galactopyranosyluronide Lyase (1996)

The recently described rhamnogalacturonase B, which is able to degrade ramified hairy regions of pectin, was found to be a rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase. The cleavage site and mechanism differ from that of the previously described rhamnogalacturonase A, which is a hydrolase and can now be termed rhamnogalacturonan alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide-(1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl hydrolase.
Estimation of Synteny Conservation and Genome Compaction Between Pufferfish (<i>Fugu</i>) and Human (2000)

Comparison of observed data to computer simulations suggests that 4000-16 000 chromosomal rearrangements have occurred since Fugu and human shared a common ancestor, implying a faster rate of rearrangement than seen in human/mouse comparisons.
An Electrothermal Model for Empirical Large- Signal Modeling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Including Self-Heating and Ambient Temperature Effects (2014)

Accurate modeling of electrothermal effects of GaN electronic devices is critical for reliability design and assessment. In this paper, an electrothermal model for large signal equivalent circuit modeling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs including self-heating and ambient temperature effects is presented. To accurately describe the effect of ambient temperature, two separate electrothermal networks (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> , R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> , and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> for self-heating, and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">amb</sub> , R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">amb</sub> , and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">amb</sub> for ambient temperature effect) are used to describe drain-source current slump due to self-heating and ambient temperature effects, respectively. A temperature-dependent thermal resistance and thermal capacitance model is proposed and implemented in the electrothermal network. The extraction of the thermal parameters is fulfilled by using numerical finite-element method. Single tone on wafer load-pull measurements at two operating frequencies (3 and 14 GHz) are carried out for verification purposes. The results show that good agreements on fundamental output power, the second and third harmonics output power, and power added efficiency have been achieved between simulations and measurements over a wide range of -55 °C to 175 °C.
A Human Action Recognition System for Embedded Computer Vision Application (2007)

In this paper, we propose a human action recognition system suitable for embedded computer vision applications in security systems, human-computer interaction and intelligent environments. Our system is suitable for embedded computer vision application based on three reasons. Firstly, the system was based on a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier where classification progress can be implemented easily and quickly in embedded hardware. Secondly, we use compacted motion features easily obtained from videos. We address the limitations of the well known motion history image (MHI) and propose a new hierarchical motion history histogram (HMHH) feature to represent the motion information. HMHH not only provides rich motion information, but also remains computationally inexpensive. Finally, we combine MHI and HMHH together and extract a low dimension feature vector to be used in the SVM classifiers. Experimental results show that our system achieves significant improvement on the recognition performance.
Beclomethasone dipropionate: absolute bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and metabolism following intravenous, oral, intranasal and inhaled administration in man (2001)

Unchanged BDP has negligible oral and intranasal bioavailability with limited absorption following inhaled dosing due to extensive (95%) presystemic conversion of BDP to B-17-MP in the lung. The oral and intranasal bioavailabilities of the active metabolite B-17-MP were high and similar, but direct absorption in the nose was insignificant. The total inhaled bioavailability of B-17-MP (lung + oral) was also high (62%) and approximately 36% of this was due to pulmonary absorption. Estimates of oral bioavailability and pulmonary deposition based on total BOH were approximately half those found for B-17-MP.
The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Short Overview (2016)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides of natural origin that were discovered more than 100 years ago. The peculiar cone-like conformation of the sugar ring, expressing a lipophilic cavity and a hydrophilic external surface, allows these substances to spontaneously complex poorly soluble compounds in an aqueous environment. For more than 50 years, these substances have found applicability in the pharmaceutical and food industries as solubilizing agents for poorly soluble chemical entities. Nowadays, several research groups all over the world are investigating their potential as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for the treatment of several illnesses (e.g., hypercholesterolemia, cancer, Niemann-Pick Type C disease). The aim of this review is to briefly retrace cyclodextrins' legacy as complexing agents and describe the current and future prospects of this class of chemical entities in pharmaceutics as new APIs.
Regulation of novel protein kinase C ε by phosphorylation (2002)

The activity and intracellular localization of protein kinase C (PKC) family members are controlled by phosphorylation at three highly conserved sites in the catalytic kinase domain. In the case of the novel PKC∊ isoform, these are Thr566 in the activation loop, Thr710 in the turn motif and Ser729 in the C-terminal hydrophobic motif. In the present study, we analysed the contribution of the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK-1) and PKC∊ kinase activity in controlling the phosphorylation of Thr566 and Ser729. In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, PKC∊ migrated as a single band, and stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor resulted in the appearance of a second band with a slower electrophoretic mobility, concomitant with an increase in phosphorylation of Thr566 and Ser729. Cells transfected with an active PDK-1 allele also resulted in increased PKC∊ Thr566 and Ser729 phosphorylation, whereas an active myristoylated PKC∊ mutant was constitutively phosphorylated at these sites. Protein kinase-inactive mutants of PKC∊ were not phosphorylated at Ser729 in cells, and phosphorylation of this site leads to dephosphorylation of the activation-loop Thr566, an effect which can be reversed with either okadaic acid or co-transfection with active PDK-1. In vitro, PDK-1 catalysed the phosphorylation of purified PKC∊ in the presence of mixed micelles containing either diacylglycerol or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, concomitant with an increase in Ser729 phosphorylation. These studies reveal that the mechanism of phosphorylation of a novel PKC is the same as that for conventional PKCs: PDK-1 phosphorylation of the activation loop triggers autophosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif. However, the regulation of this phosphorylation is different for novel and conventional PKCs. Specifically, the phosphorylation of novel PKCs is regulated rather than constitutive.
In Vitro Expansion of GGC:GCC Repeats: Identification of the Preferred Strand of Expansion (1996)

The human fragile-X syndrome, a major cause of inherited mental retardation, is associated with expansion of the trinucleotide repeat GGC:GCC. Repetitive sequences in DNA are subject to slippage during catalysis by DNA polymerases. We characterized the extent of slippage of synthetic GGC:GCC repeats by various DNA polymerases: Taq DNA polymerase, Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, DNA Sequence, DNA polymerase-alpha and polymerase-beta, as well as HIV reverse transcriptase. All of these enzymes were found to expand GGC:GCC repeats, with the most extensive expansion exhibited by Taq DNA polymerase. Starting with a template and primer, each 15 nucleotides (nt) in length, the product of one round of synthesis by Taq polymerase is as long as 250 nt. Sequence analysis of cloned DNA fragments expanded by Taq polymerase indicates that expansion involves multiple triplet additions and that it is asymmetric. The asymmetric distribution of terminal nucleotides in the expanded product is consistent with active expansion of the GCC strand and passive additions onto the GGC strand. The preferential elongation and expansion of the GCC strand was confirmed in studies utilizing longer repeats within a single-stranded M-13 template.
Roles of Active Site Residues and the NH2-terminal Domain in the Catalysis and Substrate Binding of Human Cdc25 (1996)

Human Cdc25 proteins are dual specific protein phosphatases that play important roles in cell cycle regulation. In this study, the catalytic mechanism and substrate binding specificity of human Cdc25A and -B proteins were investigated by site-directed and deletion mutagenesis methods. Mutations of the cysteine or the arginine residues in the active site motif abolished the Cdc25 phosphatase activity. However, the cysteine mutation in both Cdc25A and -B created enzymes that still retain the ability to bind their substrates. This allowed us to test the ability of Cdc25A and -B to bind various cyclin-Cdk complexes in vitro. While Cdc25A Cys --> Ser could interact with cyclin A-Cdk2, cyclin B-Cdc2, and cyclin E-Cdk2 strongly, Cdc25B mutant was only found to bind to cyclin A-Cdk2 at significant levels. We also identified Arg452 and Ser449 as two crucial residues that could be directly involved in the molecular interactions between Cdc25 and cyclin-Cdk proteins. Deletion mutagenesis data also indicate that the phosphatase catalytic domains of Cdc25A and -B proteins are located within their carboxyl terminus.
Immunotoxic activity of ochratoxin A (2006)

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an immunosuppressant fungal compound, produced by toxigenic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi in a wide variety of climates and geographical regions. The contamination of food by this mycotoxin takes place primarily during preharvest periods. Almost all types of food can be contaminated. In addition, its chemical stability against heat and during industrial food processing makes OTA one of the most abundant food contaminating mycotoxins. Due in part to its long serum half-life in man, almost 100% of all human blood samples from some geographic regions may be positive for OTA. The immunosuppressant activity of OTA is characterized by size reduction of vital immune organs, such as thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, depression of antibody responses, alterations in the number and functions of immune cells, and modulation of cytokine production. The immunotoxic activity of OTA probably results from degenerative changes and cell death following necrosis and apoptosis, in combination with slow replacement of affected immune cells, due to inhibition of protein synthesis.
An artificial neural network developed for predicting of performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blends (2018)

The engine experiments require multiple tests that are hard, time-consuming, and high cost. Therefore, an artificial neural network model was developed in this study to successfully predict the engine performance and exhaust emissions when a port fuel injection spark ignition engine fueled with n-butanol–gasoline blends (0–60 vol.% n-butanol blended with gasoline referred as G100-B60) under various equivalence ratio. In the artificial neural network model, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, blend percentage, and engine load were used as the input parameters, while engine performance and emissions like brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides were used as the output parameters. In comparison between experimental data and predicted results, a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9929 to 0.9996 and a mean relative error ranging from 0.1943% to 9.9528% were obtained. It is indicated that the developed artificial neural network model was capable of predicting the combustion of n-butanol–gasoline blends due to a commendable accuracy.
Prosthetic Heart Valves (1996)

Since the 1950s more than 80 models of prosthetic heart valves have been developed and used. More than 60,000 valve replacements are performed annually in the United States. Prosthetic heart valves may be mechanical or bioprosthetic. Mechanical valves, which are composed primarily of metal or carbon alloys, are classified according to their structure as caged-ball, single-tilting-disk, or bileaflet-tilting-disk valves. Bioprostheses may be heterografts, which are composed of porcine or bovine tissue (pericardial or valvular) mounted on a metal support, or homografts, which are preserved human aortic valves. The most commonly used prosthetic valves are listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1. . . .
Coercive force of pseudobinary R(Col−xCux)5 compounds (1979)

The coercive field of rare earth compounds of the general formula R(Col−xCux)5, with R=Pr and Nd, has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Homogeneous single-phase specimens with compositions from x=0 to 0.6 were prepared and measured. Compounds with x?0.3 have coercive fields greater than 5 kOe at low temperatures, both in bulk single crystal and in powder form. The coercive field increases steeply with decreasing temperature, and the temperature dependence is stronger for larger x. The spin structure and energy of domain walls in R(Col−xCux)5 have been calculated using a discrete spin configuration model, and are found to be more sensitive to short-range fluctuations of the exchange interaction than of the anisotropy. Short-range exchange fluctuations can account for pinning fields of the same order as the measured coercive fields. The exchange fluctuations may arise from fluctuations in the distribution of the non-magnetic Cu atoms in the compounds.
Frequency-switching waveguide CO<sub>2</sub>laser for atmospheric pollution monitoring (1982)

A waveguide CO2 laser with switching between any two neighboring vibrational–rotational transitions was developed. The transitions were selected with a diffraction grating and the switching of lasing at frequencies up to