gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T cell receptor binding avidity of antigen-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T cells in chronic infection (2016)

The novel Strep tamer-based off -rate assay enables accurate measurement of TCR-ligand dissociation- (k off -) rates on the surface of living T cells as a crucial parameter determining structural TCR avidity. For latent expressed ligands in chronic CMV infection, the frequency of T cell populations correlated to the mean k off -rates. This correlation indicates an expansion of low avidity T cells with decreased effector functions in response to continuous long-term antigen re-stimulation.
<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>and<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>initiate catabolism of methionine by transamination (2001)

The findings of this work suggest that lactobacilli can be used as adjuncts for flavour formation in cheese manufacture.
Joint Baud and Frame Synchronization in Direct Detection Optical Communications (1985)

The maximum-likelihood frame synchronizer was recently derived for direct-detection optical communications assuming baud synchronization. In this paper we present an extension to those results when pulse-position modulation is used and jointly derive baud and frame synchronization from slot synchronization. The optimum rule is seen to consist of a simple correlation term and a nonlinear correction term. Simulation results for the optimum rule compared to analytical and simulation results for the simple correlation rule show that equivalent performance for the simple correlation rule requires a substantial increase in signal power. To design good synchronization patterns, we use a divergence measure derived from the optimum rule. A simple algorithm is derived to test whether a given sequence is good or not.
Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes grafted by a thermoresponsive polymer (2006)

Water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with temperature-responsive shells were successfully prepared by grafting poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) from the sidewalls of MWNTs, via surface reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized MWNTs as the chain transfer agent. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed that the weight composition of the as-grown PNIPAM polymers on the MWNTs can be well controlled by the feed ratio (in weight) of NIPAM to RAFT agent functionalized MWNTs (MWNT-SC(S)Ph). The MWNT-g-PNIPAM has good solubility in water, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images also showed that the MWNT-g-PNIPAM was dispersed individually and eventually bonded with the polymer layer by surface RAFT polymerization. The PNIPAM shell is very sensitive to a change of temperature. This method could find potential applications by grafting other functional polymer chains onto MWNTs.
The Role of Heat in the Production of Ultrasonic Focal Lesions (1970)

A method was evolved to calculate the temperature cycles at the focus center of an intermittent beam of high-frequency mechanical waves. The computed temperatures were checked in brain tissue, using microthermocouples, for doses just sufficient to damage tissue at the focus center. Similar temperature cycles were produced in brain tissue, in the absence of mechanical wave energy, by applying pulses of electric current to embedded resistance wires in order to find out how far the tissue alteration could be ascribed to heating.
Living polymerization of α-amino acid-<i>N</i>-carboxyanhydrides (2000)

This article reviews recent developments in the polymerization of α-amino acid- N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to form polypeptides. Traditional methods used to polymerize these monomers are described, and limitations in the utility of these systems for the preparation of polypeptides with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions are discussed. The development of transition-metal-based initiators, which activate the monomers to form covalent active species, permits the formation of polypeptides via the living polymerization of NCAs. In these systems, polymer molecular weights are controlled by monomer-to-initiator stoichiometry, polydispersities are low, and block copolypeptides can be prepared. The scope and limitations of these initiators and their key features and mode of operation are described in detail in this highlight. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3011–3018, 2000
Device and System-Level Transient Analysis in a Modular Designed Sub-MW EV Fast Charging Station Using Hybrid GaN HEMTs + Si MOSFETs (2018)

Though wide bandgap devices are believed to be promising candidates for next-generation high-efficiency and high-power-density power electronic converters, two major challenges remain, high cost (more than twice of Si) and less options (the maximum power rating for GaN is only 650 V/60 A). From the device level, paralleling GaN with Si can inherit merits of both GaN devices (superior switching performance) and Si devices (affordable with high-current capability). In this paper, first, GaN HEMTs are paralleled to a TO-247 Si MOSFET to form a high-current switching cell for a 6.6-kW electric vehicle (EV) charging module. A time delay is added between the switch gate signals to make GaN endure the switching loss and Si conduct majority of the static current. Critical dynamic behaviors, such as the current overshoot to the GaN, current distribution during the dead time, and voltage spike during the turn off caused by parasitics, are comprehensively discussed. From the system level, series connecting the input and paralleling output of multiple such modules yield a sub-MW EV charging station. Once one phase drops, the related phase can act as the active filter, while other two phases still work to charge the battery.
The role of hMLH1, hMSH3, and hMSH6 defects in cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistance: correlation with replicative bypass of platinum-DNA adducts. (1998)

Defects in mismatch repair are associated with cisplatin resistance, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this correlation. It is hypothesized that futile cycles of translesion synthesis past cisplatin-DNA adducts followed by removal of the newly synthesized DNA by an active mismatch repair system may lead to cell death. Thus, resistance to platinum-DNA adducts could arise through loss of the mismatch repair pathway. However, no direct link between mismatch repair status and replicative bypass ability has been reported. In this study, cytotoxicity and steady-state chain elongation assays indicate that hMLH1 or hMSH6 defects result in 1.5-4.8-fold increased cisplatin resistance and 2.5-6-fold increased replicative bypass of cisplatin adducts. Oxaliplatin adducts are not recognized by the mismatch repair complex, and no significant differences in bypass of oxaliplatin adducts in mismatch repair-proficient and -defective cells were found. Defects in hMSH3 did not alter sensitivity to, or replicative bypass of, either cisplatin or oxaliplatin adducts. These observations support the hypothesis that mismatch repair defects in hMutL alpha and hMutS alpha, but not in hMutS beta, contribute to increased net replicative bypass of cisplatin adducts and therefore to drug resistance by preventing futile cycles of translesion synthesis and mismatch correction.
Synthesis of bismuth vanadate nanoplates with exposed {001} facets and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties (2010)

Well-defined m-BiVO(4) nanoplates with exposed {001} facets have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route, without the use of any template or organic surfactant. The as-prepared m-BiVO(4) nanoplates exhibit greatly enhanced activity in the visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants and photocatalytic oxidation of water for O(2) generation.
DNA distortion accompanies transcriptional activation by the metal-responsive gene-regulatory protein MerR (1990)

Transcriptional regulation of the bacterial mercuric ion resistance operon (mer) in response to nanomolar concentrations of mercuric ion is achieved by the allosterically modulated transcriptional activator protein MerR. We now show that mercuric ion modification of MerR activates transcription, facilitating the conversion of an RNA polymerase complex with the mer promoter from the closed conformation to the strand-separated, transcriptionally competent open complex. An Hg-MerR-induced structural alteration at the center of the promoter has been detected in the presence or absence of RNA polymerase by use of chemical nucleases sensitive to variations in DNA secondary structure. This hypersensitivity correlates directly with transcriptional activation, lending further support to a previous proposal that a protein-induced distortion in local DNA structure can be the key step in an allosterically modulated transcription activation mechanism.
Chemical Reviews (1952)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTChemical ReviewsRALPH L. SHRINERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1952, 30, 8, 800Publication Date (Print):February 25, 1952Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 25 February 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v030n008.p800Copyright © 1952 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (131 KB) SUBJECTS:Biochemistry,Chemotherapy Get e-Alerts
Purines. XXIX. Syntheses of 9-alkyl-2-deuterio-N6-methoxyadenines and 2-deuterio-N6,9-dimethyladenine: Tautomerism in 9-substituted N6-alkoxyadenines. (1987)

Cyclizations of the alkoxyamidines 7a, i with formic acid gave N6-methoxy-9-methyladenine (8a) and 9-benzyl-N6-methoxyadenine (8i). Replacement of formic acid by formic-d acid-d in these cyclizations afforded the 2-deuterated species 13a and 13i. A similar cyclization of 22, obtained from 21 by alkaline hydrolysis, with formic-d acid-d yielded 2-deuterio-N6-methoxy-1, 9-dimethyladenine (24). The N6-methyl isomer 19 was prepared from 13a by treatment with NaH and MeI. Comparison of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectrum of 8a in Me2SO-d6 with that of 13a revealed that 8a exists as an equilibrated 1 : 3.5 mixture of the amino (type 14 or 15) and the imino (type 16 or 17) forms. The deuterated species 19 and 24 were utilized for interpretation of the 1H-NMR spectra of the amino-form model 18 and the imino-form model 23. The existence of amino-imino tautomerism in 8a was also supported by ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic evidence. Such tautomerism, with a preference for the imino form, in Me2SO-d6 was found to be common to 13 other 9-substituted N6-alkoxyadenines (type 8) including adenosine analogues. On the other hand, comparison of the 1H-NMR spectra of 11, N6, 9-dimethyladenine (12), and N6, N6, 9-trimethyladenine (36) indicated that 12 exists solely in the amino form in CDCl3 or Me2SO-d6.
Activin Is a Local Regulator of Human Cytotrophoblast Cell Differentiation<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Cytotrophoblast cells of the first trimester placenta are highly invasive when removed from villi and cultured in vitro. In vivo, however, only selected cytotrophoblast cells break through the overlying syncytiotrophoblast to form cytotrophoblast columns and ultimately invade the endometrium. To explore the role of paracrine growth factors in regulating cytotrophoblast development, we cultured explants of first trimester chorionic villi in vitro. Both activin and inhibin, as well as the activin binding protein follistatin, are produced by various trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy. We found that addition of activin-A, but not inhibin-A, stimulated the outgrowth of cytotrophoblast cells into the surrounding matrix. This outgrowth was characteristic of that observed in extravillous cytotrophoblast cells in vivo; it was accompanied by cell division within the proximal region of the cytotrophoblast outgrowth, synthesis of fibronectin, as well as the expression of markers characteristic of invasive cytotrophoblast cells, human leukocyte antigen-G and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Activin also specifically induced the early expression of MMP-2 within villous cytotrophoblast cells. Addition of the activin binding protein, follistatin, blocked all of the effects of exogenous activin. The morphological and biochemical effects of activin were similar to those observed when signaling of endogenous transforming growth factor-beta was blocked. Interestingly, the latter effects were also reversed by the addition of follistatin. These data suggest that activin plays a local role in promoting cytotrophoblast column formation, likely by regulating the differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast into extravillous cytotrophoblast cells.
Half‐Sandwich <i>o</i>‐<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Dimethylaminobenzyl Complexes over the Full Size Range of Group 3 and Lanthanide Metals. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalysis of Phosphine PH Bond Addition to Carbodiimides (2007)

The acid-base reactions between the rare-earth metal (Ln) tris(ortho-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) complexes [Ln(CH2C(H4NMe2-o)3] with one equivalent of the silylene-linked cyclopentadiene-amine ligand (C5Me4H)SiMe2NH(C6H2Me3-2,4,6) afforded the corresponding half-sandwich aminobenzyl complexes [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)(thf)] (2-Ln) (Ln=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Lu) in 60-87 % isolated yields. The one-pot reaction between ScCl(3) and [Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)]Li2 followed by reaction with LiCH2C6H4NMe2-o in THF gave the scandium analogue [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)] (2-Sc) in 67 % isolated yield. 2-Sc could not be prepared by the acid-base reaction between [Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3] and (C5Me4H)SiMe2NH(C6H2Me3-2,4,6). These half-sandwich rare-earth metal aminobenzyl complexes can serve as efficient catalyst precursors for the catalytic addition of various phosphine P--H bonds to carbodiimides to form a series of phosphaguanidine derivatives with excellent tolerability to aromatic carbon-halogen bonds. A significant increase in the catalytic activity was observed, as a result of an increase in the metal size with a general trend of La>Pr, Nd>Sm>Gd>Lu>Sc. The reaction of 2-La with 1 equiv of Ph2PH yielded the corresponding phosphide complex [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}La(PPh2)(thf)2] (4), which, on recrystallization from benzene, gave the dimeric analogue [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}La(PPh2)]2 (5). Addition of 4 or 5 to iPrN=C=NiPr in THF yielded the phosphaguanidinate complex [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}La{iPrNC(PPh2)NiPr}(thf)] (6), which, on recrystallization from ether, afforded the ether-coordinated structurally characterizable analogue [{Me2Si(C5Me4)(NC6H2Me3-2,4,6)}La{iPrNC(PPh2)NiPr}(OEt2)] (7). The reaction of 6 or 7 with Ph2PH in THF yielded 4 and the phosphaguanidine iPrN=C(PPh2)NHiPr (3a). These results suggest that the catalytic formation of a phosphaguanidine compound proceeds through the nucleophilic addition of a phosphide species, which is formed by the acid-base reaction between a rare-earth metal o-dimethylaminobenzyl bond and a phosphine P--H bond, to a carbodiimide, followed by the protonolysis of the resultant phosphaguanidinate species by a phosphine P--H bond. Almost all of the rare earth complexes reported this paper were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies.
The vasopressin Avpr1b receptor: Molecular and pharmacological studies (2010)

The distribution, pharmacology and function of the arginine vasopressin (Avp) 1b receptor subtype (Avpr1b) has proved more challenging to investigate compared to other members of the Avp receptor family. Avp is increasingly recognised as an important modulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, an action mediated by the Avpr1b present on anterior pituitary corticotrophs. The Avpr1b is also expressed in some peripheral tissues including pancreas and adrenal, and in the hippocampus (HIP), paraventricular nucleus and olfactory bulb of the rodent brain where its function is unknown. The central distribution of Avpr1bs is far more restricted than that of the Avpr1a, the main Avp receptor subtype found in the brain. Whether Avpr1b expression in rodent tissues is dependent on differences in the length of microsatellite dinucleotide repeats present in the 5' promoter region of the Avpr1b gene remains to be determined. One difficulty of functional studies on the Avpr1b, especially its involvement in the HPA axis response to stress, which prompted the generation of Avpr1b knockout (KO) mouse models, was the shortage of commercially available Avpr1b ligands, particularly antagonists. Research on mice lacking functional Avpr1bs has highlighted behavioural deficits in social memory and aggression. The Avpr1b KO also appears to be an excellent model to study the contribution of the Avpr1b in the HPA axis response to acute and perhaps some chronic (repeated) stressors where corticotrophin-releasing hormone and other genes involved in the HPA axis response to stress do not appear to compensate for the loss of the Avpr1b.
<i>budC</i> knockout in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> for bioconversion from glycerol to 1,3‐propanediol (2013)

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a major by-product of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae ZG25. It not only consumes large amounts of its carbon source and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to diminish synthesis of 1,3-PDO, but also serves as an obstacle to high-purity 1,3-PDO in downstream processes. To decrease the formation of 2,3-BD and make an intrinsic improvement in 1,3-PDO production, the budC gene in K. pneumoniae, coding 2,3-BD dehydrogenase, which is a key gene of the 2,3-BD pathway, was successfully knocked out using the Red recombination system described in this paper. The results of the mutant fed-batch fermentation showed that the 1,3-PDO concentration, productivity per cell dry weight, and conversion rate increased to 880 mmol L(-1) , 22.0 mmol L(-1) h(-1) , and 0.700 mol mol(-1) , respectively, increasing by 10%, 15%, and 11% compared with the parent strain. Meanwhile, 2,3-BD was still found in fermentation broth with the 2,3-BD metabolic pathway blocked, which implies that K. pneumoniae possesses a pathway of the 2,3-BD cycle as a replenishment pathway.
First-Principles Prediction of Spin-Polarized Multiple Dirac Rings in Manganese Fluoride (2017)

Spin-polarized materials with Dirac features have sparked great scientific interest due to their potential applications in spintronics. But such a type of structure is very rare and none has been fabricated. Here, we investigate the already experimentally synthesized manganese fluoride (MnF_{3}) as a novel spin-polarized Dirac material by using first-principles calculations. MnF_{3} exhibits multiple Dirac cones in one spin orientation, while it behaves like a large gap semiconductor in the other spin channel. The estimated Fermi velocity for each cone is of the same order of magnitude as that in graphene. The 3D band structure further reveals that MnF_{3} possesses rings of Dirac nodes in the Brillouin zone. Such a spin-polarized multiple Dirac ring feature is reported for the first time in an experimentally realized material. Moreover, similar band dispersions can be also found in other transition metal fluorides (e.g., CoF_{3}, CrF_{3}, and FeF_{3}). Our results highlight a new interesting single-spin Dirac material with promising applications in spintronics and information technologies.
Preparation and Purification of natural uranium metal by Iodine method. (2008)

In this work ,glass-metal apparatus was designed and manufactured which used for preparing ahigh purity uranium. The reaction is simply take place between iodine vapour and uranium metal at 500C in closed system to form uranium tetra iodide which is decomposed on hot wire at high temperature around 1100C. Also another apparatus was made from Glass and used for preparing ahigh purity of UI4 more than 99.9% purity.
A Machine Learning Predictive Model for Shipment Delay and Demand Forecasting for Warehouses and Sales Data (2021)

In the era of Industry 4.0, various technologies have been great assisting tools for different industries to improve their work efficiency and enhance customers' satisfaction and loyalty. This paper discusses the issue of shipment delay and sales prediction by understanding how various attributes, based on data from the retail industry, will impact on their result. It was found that the locational factors and product category have been determining fluctuating sales or prominent delays. The results of machine learning algorithms are also discussed on how a better correlation in forecast and attribute relationships can be attained.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Soils II Comparison of Urban Park Soils Between Two Cities with Different City and Industrial Activities (1981)

A comparative investigation on the state of heavy metal contamination in park soils of two cities with different city and industrial activities was carried out. Sakai and Kishiwada, both situated in southern Osaka Prefecture, were chosen as the investigated cities which had similar natural conditions but different human activities. Park soils were regarded as suitable sites for the investigation of heavy metal problem in urban environments. Samples were taken at 34 parks distributed widely in urban area in each city. Zinc level in park soils in Sakai was notably high and showed an increasing trend among areas in agreement with the extent of general air pollution in the areas. In Kishiwada, an increasing trend from inland area to near the shore was observed in zinc level. In the distribution of copper concentrations similar patterns as, but less significant than, in the case of zinc were observed in both cities. In manganese distribution rather different patterns from above two metals were found, and soils with higher manganese content were located irregularly in inland areas. Comparing the corresponding mean values of metal contents in soils in each city, it was considered that metal contamination in urban soils in Kishiwada, with less human activities than Sakai, had not so progressed as far in Sakai.
Simulation of resist heating in electron-beam lithography (1997)

A mathematical model of resist heating was developed to anticipate the resist temperature rise during electron exposure. This model that takes into consideration the heat propagation in both resist and substrate, each of which may consist of a number of layers. A tabulation of special functions used for numerical calculation allows the analytical solution to be simplified to a single integral for both a variably shaped beam and a Gaussian beam. As a result, a dynamic distribution of a temperature field in resist can be simulated for an exposure process in terms of thickness and characteristics of the resist and multilayer substrate, as well as size, placement, and sequence of flashes. Results of simulations are shown for both short and long exposure periods. It was demonstrated that heat from the substrate does not contribute noticeably at the beginning of the high throughput exposure at 50 kV, whereas heating of the resist itself is significant and highly nonuniform throughout the depth of the resist.