gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new algorithm based on saturation and desaturation in the xy chromaticity diagram for enhancement and re-rendition of color images (2002)

This paper presents a new algorithm for color contrast enhancement which adopts the xy chromaticity diagram and consists of two steps. All the "chromatic" colors are first maximally saturated within a certain gamut; the opportune desaturation operation which follows is based on the center of gravity law for color mixture. This prevents the introduction of unnatural colors and, in combination with a suitable manipulation of the brightness value, turns out to increase the image sharpness and to provide more appealing results Our technique can also be applied to re-rendition a color image since it can easily simulate the change of the illuminant(s) of the scene portrayed in the image, this could find useful applications in image and video editing. Some examples of the performance of the algorithm are reported and discussed.
Recent Advances in Video Analytics for Rail Network Surveillance for Security, Trespass and Suicide Prevention—A Survey (2022)

Railway networks systems are by design open and accessible to people, but this presents challenges in the prevention of events such as terrorism, trespass, and suicide fatalities. With the rapid advancement of machine learning, numerous computer vision methods have been developed in closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems for the purposes of managing public spaces. These methods are built based on multiple types of sensors and are designed to automatically detect static objects and unexpected events, monitor people, and prevent potential dangers. This survey focuses on recently developed CCTV surveillance methods for rail networks, discusses the challenges they face, their advantages and disadvantages and a vision for future railway surveillance systems. State-of-the-art methods for object detection and behaviour recognition applied to rail network surveillance systems are introduced, and the ethics of handling personal data and the use of automated systems are also considered.
Oncolytic viruses & their specific targeting to tumour cells. (2012)

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. In spite of achieving significant successes in medical sciences in the past few decades, the number of deaths due to cancer remains unchecked. The conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited therapeutic index and a plethora of treatment related side effects. This situation has provided an impetus for search of novel therapeutic strategies that can selectively destroy the tumour cells, leaving the normal cells unharmed. Viral oncotherapy is such a promising treatment modality that offers unique opportunity for tumour targeting. Numerous viruses with inherent anti-cancer activity have been identified and are in different phases of clinical trials. In the era of modern biotechnology and with better understanding of cancer biology and virology, it has become feasible to engineer the oncolytic viruses (OVs) to increase their tumour selectivity and enhance their oncolytic activity. In this review, the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses kill the tumour cells have been discussed as also the development made in virotherapy for cancer treatment with emphasis on their tumour specific targeting.
Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast and protists to humans: close to 300 cases reveal remarkable diversity despite underlying conservation (2007)

The protein antizyme is a negative regulator of intracellular polyamine levels. Ribosomes synthesizing antizyme start in one ORF and at the codon 5' adjacent to its stop codon, shift +1 to a second and partially overlapping ORF which encodes most of the protein. The ribosomal frameshifting is a sensor and effector of an autoregulatory circuit which is conserved in animals, fungi and protists. Stimulatory signals encoded 5' and 3' of the shift site act to program the frameshifting. Despite overall conservation, many individual branches have evolved specific features surrounding the frameshift site. Among these are RNA pseudoknots, RNA stem-loops, conserved primary RNA sequences, nascent peptide sequences and branch-specific 'shifty' codons.
Northmen and Southmen (1967)

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Pulsed electric field assisted juice extraction (2006)

Purpose of the Review: Recently, there has been ren ew ed interest in the extraction of juice and functional ingredients from fruits and v egetables. Several consumer-related factors support the adoption of non -thermal technologies. This paper reviews application of pu lsed electric field (PEF) in juice extraction processes. It highlights novel designs of extractors that allow simultaneous applicati on of PEF and p ressure. Parameters that influence juice extracti on and juice quality issues are also discussed. Ma in findings: PEF can be used successfully to induce electroplasmolysis or ho mogenisation of tissues and intensify juice extraction fro m fruits and vegetable materials. The PEF must be applied strategically in order to optimise juice extraction. D irections for Futu re Research: Future studies on PEF-assisted juice extraction will involve applications to extract specific chemical c omponents alone with the juice, optimisation of the different PEF p arameters to obtain desired extraction kinetics and detailed ch emical evaluation of extracts to validate quality. There is currently limited or no commercially available equipment. Equipment manuf actur ers may be involved to design and fabricate easy-to-use PEF extractors. Ke ywords: Pu lsed electric field; juice extraction; elect roplasmolysis; juice quality; pressure; energy
Sulfonation and Sulfation with Sulfur Trioxide (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonation and Sulfation with Sulfur TrioxideEverett E. Gilbert, Benjamin Veldhuis, Emery J. Carlson, and Silvio L. GiolitoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 9, 2065–2072Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50525a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50525a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Radioactive Element 94 from Deuterons on Uranium (1946)

nium, from the reaction UNs (d, s,)93ss. it is impossible to deduce from the absorption curve the relative intensities of the new 93 and of 93~, since the initial parts of the in- dividual absorption curves of these two activities might well be nearly identical. The rate of decay of the high en- ergy beta-particles (0.5-j, Mev) and gamma-rays from the 93 of uranium plus deuterons was determined. This gave a half-life of about 2 days for the new 93. This activity is probably to be assigned to 93~, 93~', or 93~5 formed in the reaction U~(tg, 2g)93sls, Uss5(g, g)93&s, or U&&(J 2~)935 respectively.
Synthesis of Reblastatin, Autolytimycin, and Non-Benzoquinone Analogues: Potent Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90 (2010)

A full account of an asymmetric synthesis of reblastatin (1) and the first total synthesis of autolytimycin (2) and related structural compounds is described. The syntheses expand the utility of a highly regio- and diastereoselective hydrometalation aldehyde addition sequence to assemble the fully functionalized ansa chain of the natural products. Also documented is an intramolecular copper-mediated amidation reaction to close the 19-membered macrolactams. The amidation reaction was also employed for the generation of structural derivatives (6-9) of phenolic ansamycins. Ansamycin natural products and selected structural analogues were evaluated in a competitive binding assay to breast cancer cell lysate and a cytotoxicity assay. Both reblastatin (1) and autolytimycin (2) were shown to bind the heat shock protein 90 with enhanced binding activity (approximately 25 nM) than 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, 4), a geldanamycin (3) derivative currently under evaluation for treatment of cancer (approximately 100 nM).
Flexible and stretchable mechanoluminescent fiber and fabric (2017)

Flexible and stretchable mechanoluminescent fibers and fabrics have been created to emit light with tunable colors and intensities.
Mcl-1 is a common target of stem cell factor and interleukin-5 for apoptosis prevention activity via MEK/MAPK and PI-3K/Akt pathways (2000)

Stem cell factor (SCF) has been suggested as essential for optimal production of various hematopoietic lineages mainly because of its apoptosis prevention function when it costimulates with other cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism of this synergism of apoptosis prevention is largely unknown. The present study examined the expression of some Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Mcl-1, and Bax, in response to cytokine stimulation in TF-1 and JYTF-1 cells in which SCF costimulation is differentially required for optimal proliferation. The results revealed that only the expression of Mcl-1 highly correlated with the antiapoptotic activity of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and the synergistic effect of SCF. In TF-1 cells, the defect of IL-5 in apoptosis suppression and Mcl-1 induction was associated with the incapability to highly phosphorylate Janus kinases (JAK1, JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt/PKB, whereas SCF costimulation restored the potent phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt/PKB, but not STAT5. The importance of MAPK and Akt/PKB signaling pathways in regulating the expression of Mcl-1 and cell survival was further supported by the observation that inhibition of MEK by PD98059 or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) by LY294002 independently resulted in the reduction of Mcl-1 expression and loss of cell viability. Therefore, the data suggest that Mcl-1 is a common antiapoptotic target of both early-stage cytokine SCF and late-stage cytokine IL-5. Both MEK/MAPK and PI-3K/Akt signaling pathways are essential in the regulation of Mcl-1 expression and apoptosis prevention. (Blood. 2000;96:1764-1771)
Shallow Trench Isolation Characteristics with High-Density-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Gap-Fill Oxide for Deep-Submicron CMOS Technologies (1998)

Shallow trench isolation (STI) characteristics were systematically studied based on various deposition conditions of high-density-plasma (HDP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gap-fill material with different trench lining oxide thicknesses. The effects of post-chemical-mechanical-polishing (CMP) processes on STI characteristics were also considered, together with a comparison of high-temperature-low-pressure dielectric (HLD) gap filler. The diode leakage data showed negligible Si reactive ion Si etching (RIE) damage and negligible sputter effect of HDP even with low deposition/sputter ( D / S ) ratio on the trench sidewall surface. The leakage current was, however, mainly affected by the fact that the weak trench top corners were exposed during successive HF cleanings and RIE etchings after the CMP process. It was also found that there were negligible interface hole-trapping effects of generated electron-hole pairs in HDP oxide, which was induced by the plasma source of the HDP system. The results also showed excellent isolation characteristics and a narrow width effect.
Error floors in the satellite and land mobile channels (1991)

In a satellite mobile channel (SMC) and land mobile channel (LMC) because of fading and nonlinear power amplifiers, constant envelope modulation and noncoherent detection methods may outperform other schemes. It is shown how to compute the error floor for four noncoherent digital communication systems in satellite and land mobile channels. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) with differential phase detection (DPD) or frequency shift keying (FSK) with DPD, limiter discriminator integrator detection. (LDID), or limiter discriminator detection (LDD) are studied. The error floor is the residual error probability when SNR is infinity, i.e. the error probability in the system is limited by the error floor. The error floor is computed as a function of Doppler frequency, modulation index, and ratio of powers in the specular and diffuse signal components for DPSK-DPD, FSK-DPD, FSK-LDID and FSD-LDD systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Klüver-Bucy Syndrome with Isolated Bilateral Hippocampal Atrophy Following Status Epilepticus (1970)

Klüver-Bucy syndrome may result from affection of various location of brain. We report a case of Klüver-Bucy syndrome associated with isolated bilateral hippocampal atrophy without any abnormal lesion in other areas following status epilepticus. A 31-year-old man who had no significant medical history presented with status epilepticus after encephalitis of unknown etiology. He had been recovered from status epilepticus three weeks later, but afterwards he developed Klüver-Bucy syndrome: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hypermetamorphosis, anterograde amnesia and dysosmia. Initial brain MRI showed T2 hyperintensity and swelling of isolated bilateral hippocampus, especially CA1 region without any abnormal lesion in other areas. One month later, follow-up brain MRI showed isolated bilateral hippocampal atrophy. This is a meaningful case report because this case differs from other reports of Klüver-Bucy syndrome in humans in that the anatomic abnormalities revealed by MRI were very selective. We report this case because this case is very educative for above reason. Moreover, this report would give us additional information of the relationship between human behavior and limbic system.
On a general concept of multifractality: Multifractal spectra for dimensions, entropies, and Lyapunov exponents. Multifractal rigidity (1997)

We introduce the mathematical concept of multifractality and describe various multifractal spectra for dynamical systems, including spectra for dimensions and spectra for entropies. We support the study by providing some physical motivation and describing several nontrivial examples. Among them are subshifts of finite type and one-dimensional Markov maps. An essential part of the article is devoted to the concept of multifractal rigidity. In particular, we use the multifractal spectra to obtain a "physical" classification of dynamical systems. For a class of Markov maps, we show that, if the multifractal spectra for dimensions of two maps coincide, then the maps are differentiably equivalent. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.
Trabajo a tiempo parcial y desempleo: problemáticas actuales y propuestas de futuro (2014)

Las prestaciones de la Seguridad Social fueron disenadas para el contrato de trabajo a tiempo completo. De ahi las complejidades que han ocasionado una larga y ambivalente evolucion de las normas negociadoras del trabajo a tiempo parcial. Asi se aprecia en el presente estudio y en su interno y detallado casuismo.
Food Detection and Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network (2014)

In this paper, we apply a convolutional neural network (CNN) to the tasks of detecting and recognizing food images. Because of the wide diversity of types of food, image recognition of food items is generally very difficult. However, deep learning has been shown recently to be a very powerful image recognition technique, and CNN is a state-of-the-art approach to deep learning. We applied CNN to the tasks of food detection and recognition through parameter optimization. We constructed a dataset of the most frequent food items in a publicly available food-logging system, and used it to evaluate recognition performance. CNN showed significantly higher accuracy than did traditional support-vector-machine-based methods with handcrafted features. In addition, we found that the convolution kernels show that color dominates the feature extraction process. For food image detection, CNN also showed significantly higher accuracy than a conventional method did.
Effect of ophthalmic prednisolone acetate on the canine adrenal gland and hepatic function (1984)

Iatrogenic hypothalamic-hypophysis-adrenal axis suppression occurred in 5 small dogs as a result of ophthalmic instillation of 1% prednisolone acetate. An ophthalmic suspension was applied 4 times a day to each eye, such that 4 mg/day was delivered for 2 weeks followed by 2.67 mg/day for 2 weeks. After treatment week 2, serum cortisol decreased from base-line mean values of 17.66 ng/ml (before ACTH) and 139.16 ng/ml (60 minutes after ACTH) to 3.22 ng/ml (before ACTH) and 13.58 ng/ml (60 minutes after ACTH). After treatment week 4, serum cortisol values decreased to a mean of 1.76 ng/ml (before ACTH) and 4.82 ng/ml (60 minutes after ACTH). Before ACTH cortisol values returned to base line 2 weeks after discontinuing treatment. Values after ACTH administration remained 26% lower than base line (P = 0.0132), although within a normal response range. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism was altered, allowing marked glycogen accumulation. Marked increases in the blood glucose values after glucagon stimulation testing occurred at 3, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after glucagon administration. The greatest increase corresponded to the 30-minute sample with a mean glucose increase of 112.40 mg/dl from base-line values (P = 0.0022) as a result of the ophthalmic corticosteroid applied. Seemingly, topical ophthalmic corticosteroids have the potential for causing adrenocortical suppression and hepatic metabolic changes. The dosage level of treatment was low enough to avoid major hematologic changes. The exaggerated response to the glucagon tolerance test indicates that this test can be used in detecting hyperglucocorticism.
Glutamate Overcomes the Salt Inhibition of DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme (1989)

Even though Escherichia coli can grow in media containing up to 1 M NaCl, one-fifth that amount of NaCl will completely inhibit the in vitro activity of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. It has been established that the major intracellular ionic osmolytes are potassium and glutamate (Richey, B., Cayley, D. S., Mossing, M. C., Kolka, C., Anderson, C. F., Farrar, T. C., and Record, M. T., Jr. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7157-7164). We have found that holoenzyme catalyzes replication efficiently in vitro in up to 1 M potassium glutamate. Two salt effects on the replication of single-stranded DNA were observed. At low salt replicative activity was enhanced and at high salt there was anion-specific inhibition. We have found that DNA polymerase III holoenzyme tolerated 10-fold higher concentrations of glutamate than chloride. The ability of various anions to extend the useful range of salt concentrations followed the order: phosphate less than chloride less than N-Ac-glutamate less than acetate less than glycine less than aspartate less than glutamate. With the exception of phosphate, this order followed the Hofmeister series indicating that the anion-specific effects were due to anions interacting at the protein-water interface at weak anion binding sites. Glutamate did not reverse the inhibition by chloride. The low salt enhancement and high salt inhibition effects were additive for the two anions indicating that they competed for common anion binding sites. The major salt-sensitive step was holoenzyme binding to template rather than the subsequent elongation reaction.
Cryocooled wideband digital channelizing radio-frequency receiver based on low-pass ADC (2007)

We have demonstrated a digital receiver performing direct digitization of radio-frequency signals over a wide frequency range from kilohertz to gigahertz. The complete system, consisting of a cryopackaged superconductor all-digital receiver (ADR) chip followed by room-temperature interface electronics and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based post-processing module, has been developed. The ADR chip comprises a low-pass analog-to-digital converter (ADC) delta modulator with phase modulation–demodulation architecture together with digital in-phase and quadrature mixer and a pair of digital decimation filters. The chip is fabricated using a 4.5 kA cm−2 process and is cryopackaged using a commercial-off-the-shelf cryocooler. Experimental results in HF, VHF, UHF and L bands and their analysis, proving consistent operation of the cryopackaged ADR chip up to 24.32 GHz clock frequency, are presented and discussed.
A fast posterior update for sparse underdetermined linear models (2008)

A Bayesian approach is adopted for linear regression, and a fast algorithm is given for updating posterior probabilities. Emphasis is given to the underdetermined and sparse case, i.e., fewer observations than regression coefficients and the belief that only a few regression coefficients are non-zero. The fast update allows for a low-complexity method of reporting a set of models with high posterior probability and their exact posterior odds. As a byproduct, this Bayesian model averaged approach yields the minimum mean squared error estimate of unknown coefficients. Algorithm complexity is linear in the number of unknown coefficients, the number of observations and the number of nonzero coefficients. For the case in which hyperparameters are unknown, a maximum likelihood estimate is found by a generalized expectation maximization algorithm.
Towards secure cryptographic software implementation against side-channel power analysis attacks (2015)

Side-channel attacks have been a real threat against many embedded cryptographic systems. A commonly used algorithmic countermeasure, random masking, incurs large execution delay and resource overhead. The other countermeasure, operation shuffling or permutation, can mitigate side-channel leakage effectively with minimal overhead. In this paper, we target automatically implementing operation shuffling in cryptographic algorithms to resist against side-channel power analysis attacks. We design a tool to detect independence among statements at the source code level and devise an algorithm for automatic operation shuffling. We test our algorithm on the new SHA3 standard, Keccak. Results show that the tool effectively implements operation-shuffling to reduce the side-channel leakage significantly, and therefore can guide automatic secure cryptographic software implementations against differential power analysis attacks.