gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-loss planar lightwave circuit OADM with high isolation and no polarization dependence (1999)

A passive optical add-drop multiplexer with 1 dB of insertion loss and 36 dB of isolation is fabricated by writing Bragg gratings in a waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer using ArF excimer laser light. The spectral properties and bit-error-rate performance of the device are fully characterized using polarized light.
Deep multimodal semantic embeddings for speech and images (2015)

In this paper, we present a model which takes as input a corpus of images with relevant spoken captions and finds a correspondence between the two modalities. We employ a pair of convolutional neural networks to model visual objects and speech signals at the word level, and tie the networks together with an embedding and alignment model which learns a joint semantic space over both modalities. We evaluate our model using image search and annotation tasks on the Flickr8k dataset, which we augmented by collecting a corpus of 40,000 spoken captions using Amazon Mechanical Turk.
Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole poly(aryl ethers) via heterocyclic-activated displacement polymerization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,2,4-triazole poly(aryl ethers) via heterocyclic-activated displacement polymerizationKenneth R. Carter, Robert D. Miller, and James L. HedrickCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 9, 2209–2215Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00061a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Violet Bioluminescence and Fast Kinetics from W92F Obelin:  Structure-Based Proposals for the Bioluminescence Triggering and the Identification of the Emitting Species (2003)

Obelin from the hydroid Obelia longissima and aequorin are members of a subfamily of Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins that is a part of the larger EF-hand calcium binding protein family. On the addition of Ca(2+), obelin generates a blue bioluminescence emission (lambda(max) = 485 nm) as the result of the oxidative decarboxylation of the bound substrate, coelenterazine. The W92F obelin mutant is noteworthy because of the unusually high speed with which it responds to sudden changes of [Ca(2+)] and because it emits violet light rather than blue due to a prominent band with lambda(max) = 405 nm. Increase of pH in the range from 5.5 to 8.5 and using D(2)O both diminish the contribution of the 405 nm band, indicating that excited state proton transfer is involved. Fluorescence model studies have suggested the origin of the 485 nm emission as the excited state of an anion of coelenteramide, the bioluminescence reaction product, and 405 nm from the excited neutral state. Assuming that the dimensions of the substrate binding cavity do not change during the excited state formation, a His22 residue within hydrogen bonding distance to the 6-(p-hydroxy)-phenyl group of the excited coelenteramide is a likely candidate for accepting the phenol proton to produce an ion-pair excited state, in support of recent suggestions for the bioluminescence emitting state. The proton transfer could be impeded by removal of the Trp92 H-bond, resulting in strong enhancement of a 405 nm band giving the violet color of bioluminescence. Comparative analysis of 3D structures of the wild-type (WT) and W92F obelins reveals that there are structural displacements of certain key Ca(2+)-ligating residues in the loops of the two C-terminal EF hands as well as clear differences in hydrogen bond networks in W92F. For instance, the hydrogen bond between the side-chain oxygen atom of Asp169 and the main-chain nitrogen of Arg112 binds together the incoming alpha-helix of loop III and the exiting alpha-helix of loop IV in WT, providing probably concerted changes in these EF hands on calcium binding. But this linkage is not found in W92F obelin. These differences apparently do not change the overall affinity to calcium of W92F obelin but may account for the kinetic differences between the WT and mutant obelins. From analysis of the hydrogen bond network in the coelenterazine binding cavity, it is proposed that the trigger for bioluminescence reaction in these Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins may be a shift of the hydrogen bond donor-acceptor separations around the coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxy substrate, initiated by small spatial adjustment of the exiting alpha-helix of loop IV.
Coffee ( <i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) genes early expressed during infection by the rust fungus ( <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i> ) (2004)

SUMMARY The beverage cash crop coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is subject to severe losses caused by the rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix. In naturally resistant coffee plants, a specific hypersensitive reaction (HR) may be elicited early to stop fungal infection. To isolate host genes involved in HR, we undertook an expressed sequence tags (ESTs) analysis. Two cDNA libraries were constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and 527 non-redundant ESTs were generated from 784 randomly picked clones. Classification of the ESTs into several functional categories showed that more than one-quarter of the predicted proteins might encode disease resistance (R) proteins, stress- and defence-proteins, and components of signal transduction pathways. Twenty-eight differentially screened sequences (DSSs) were selected after differential hybridization of 1000 cDNA clones from each library. Investigation of the expression patterns of a subset of 13 DSSs showed higher levels of gene expression in inoculated plants compared with control plants. HR-up-regulation of transcript accumulation occurred for 9 out of the 13 genes 24 and 48 h after H. vastatrix challenge. Two genes encoded homologues of the Arabidopsis DND1 and NDR1 proteins, suggesting conservation of resistance signalling pathways in perennial plants. Other HR-regulated sequences matched receptor kinases, AP2 domain- and WRKY transcription factors, cytochromes P450, heat shock 70 proteins, glucosyltransferases and proteins of unknown function. The ESTs reported here provide a useful resource for studying coffee resistance responses and for improving C. arabica for durable disease resistance.
Imaging thromboembolism with fibrin-avid 99mTc-peptide: evaluation in swine. (2006)

(99m)Tc-TP850 with its modest affinity (10(-9) mol/L), rapid blood clearance, and high DVT and PE uptake is a promising agent for imaging vascular thrombosis.
TWEAK Is an Endothelial Cell Growth and Chemotactic Factor That Also Potentiates FGF-2 and VEGF-A Mitogenic Activity (2003)

These results indicate that TWEAK is an EC growth and migration factor but not a survival factor. TWEAK can also enhance both FGF-2 and VEGF-A mitogenic activity on ECs. Thus, TWEAK may act alone as well as in combination with FGF-2 or VEGF-A to regulate pathological angiogenesis.
Optimum entropy-coded quantizer design for a class of discrete-time sources (2005)

We consider the performance and complexity of optimum quantization schemes subject to an entropy constraint for discrete-time memoryless sources. In particular we describe the performance of optimum zero-memory quantizers for a generalized Gaussian source distribution, Specific implementation of these schemes generally requires variable-length coding of the quantizer output. For transmission over a synchronous fixed-rate channel some form of buffering is required which is subject to overflow or underflow. To alleviate this problem we describe an adaptive scheme in which the quantizer parameters are controlled by the state of the buffer in an effort to avoid overflow/underflow.
Superlong‐range interactions of colloids (1993)

Abstract Colloid particles have superlong‐range attractive and repulsive forces. The distance between the secondary minimum of the potential energy of the interaction and the surface of the colloid is of the order of several μm and several tens of μm. These interactions clearly appear in the distribution of order‐solution phase coexistence, in gathering particles to the ordered phase and in spontaneous pair formation. A new ‘Dynamic electrical multipole model and resonance effect’ is given. From this model, it is predicted that pairs will form in a shear field even in highly concentrated salt solution. Pair formation was observed after 24 hours as predicted.
Application of modern microbiological diagnostic methods for tuberculosis in Macha, Zambia. (2010)

The auramine-O method significantly increases sensitivity, although the higher NTM detection rate implies that this does not in itself lead to a more accurate diagnosis of TB. MGIT culture is highly sensitive, although contamination rates were a drawback; the high frequency of NTM isolation warrants a robust identification method.
You Are How You Touch: User Verification on Smartphones via Tapping Behaviors (2014)

Smartphone users have their own unique behavioral patterns when tapping on the touch screens. These personal patterns are reflected on the different rhythm, strength, and angle preferences of the applied force. Since smart phones are equipped with various sensors like accelerometer, gyroscope, and touch screen sensors, capturing a user's tapping behaviors can be done seamlessly. Exploiting the combination of four features (acceleration, pressure, size, and time) extracted from smart phone sensors, we propose a non-intrusive user verification mechanism to substantiate whether an authenticating user is the true owner of the smart phone or an impostor who happens to know the pass code. Based on the tapping data collected from over 80 users, we conduct a series of experiments to validate the efficacy of our proposed system. Our experimental results show that our verification system achieves high accuracy with averaged equal error rates of down to 3.65%. As our verification system can be seamlessly integrated with the existing user authentication mechanisms on smart phones, its deployment and usage are transparent to users and do not require any extra hardware support.
Saturating counter design for meta predictor in hybrid branch prediction (2009)

High-performance computer systems have made use of super-pipelining, dynamic scheduling and multiissue superscalar processor technologies. In these systems, branch prediction accuracy has a significant impact on the performance because the penalty for misprediction increases as pipelines deepen and the number of instructions issued per cycle increases. To have a better prediction accuracy, branch predictors utilized in high performance systems are a hybrid type. Hybrid branch prediction employs multiple branch predictors and selects one particular branch predictor per the program context of a given branch instruction instance for prediction. For choosing a particular branch predictor is a job of meta-predictor. This paper considers type and size of saturating counter design specifically for the meta predictor. State transitions different from a usual saturating counter may choose a particular predictor for prediction better and result a higher prediction accuracy.
The Inversion Algorithm for digital simulation (1994)

The Inversion Algorithm is an event-driven algorithm, whose performance rivals or exceeds that of Levelized Compiled code simulation, even at activity rates of 50% or more. The Inversion Algorithm has several unique features, the most remarkable of which is the size of the run-time code. The basic Algorithm can be implemented using no more than a page of run-time code, although in practice it is more efficient to provide several different variations of the basic algorithm. The run-time code is independent of the circuit under test, so the algorithm can be implemented either as a compiled code or an interpreted simulator with little variation in performance. Because of the small size of the run-time code, the run-time portions of the Inversion Algorithm can be implemented in assembly language for peak efficiency, and still be retargeted for new platforms with little effort.
Grenzflächenprobleme bei der Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung (1986)

Abstract Interfacial problems in solid/liquid separation . Mechanical solid/liquid separation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering, which is far from having been mastered theoretically. This is because interfacial forces play such a pronounced role in this process step, and these forces have so far largely withstood scientific investigation. The present article enumerates the problems involved, and necessarily presents more open questions than ready answers.
Gliotoxin Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia after Vascular Injury in Rats (2008)

Neointima formation participates in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are initial responses to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of gliotoxin, an inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, on migration and proliferation of cultured rat VSMC and neointimal formation in injured rat vessels. In cultured VSMC, gliotoxin inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, gliotoxin inhibited VSMC migration and proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB. This was associated with a rapid rearrangement of the F-actin and vimentin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, gliotoxin inhibited endothelial cell nuclear translocation of p65, cell surface expression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, and monocytic cell adhesion to a cytokine-activated endothelial monolayer. In the rat carotid artery balloon catheter injury model, the systemic administration of gliotoxin for 10 days decreased neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis by up to 90% and decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the vessel wall by up to 70%, depending on the dose. These observations suggest that gliotoxin favorably regulates the response to vascular injury through actions on VSMC. However, further studies evaluating the therapeutic benefit of gliotoxin in restenosis after balloon angioplasty are required.
Cholesterol accelerates the binding of Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide to ganglioside GM1 through a universal hydrogen-bond-dependent sterol tuning of glycolipid conformation (2013)

Age-related alterations of membrane lipids in brain cell membranes together with high blood cholesterol are considered as major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Yet the molecular mechanisms by which these factors increase Alzheimer's risk are mostly unknown. In lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane, neurotoxic Alzheimer's beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides interact with both cholesterol and ganglioside GM1. Recent data also suggested that cholesterol could stimulate the binding of Abeta to GM1 through conformational modulation of the ganglioside headgroup. Here we used a combination of physicochemical and molecular modeling approaches to decipher the mechanisms of cholesterol-assisted binding of Abeta to GM1. With the aim of decoupling the effect of cholesterol on GM1 from direct Abeta-cholesterol interactions, we designed a minimal peptide (Abeta5-16) containing the GM1-binding domain but lacking the amino acid residues involved in cholesterol recognition. Using the Langmuir technique, we showed that cholesterol (but not phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin) significantly accelerates the interaction of Abeta5-16 with GM1. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Abeta5-16 interacts with a cholesterol-stabilized dimer of GM1. The main structural effect of cholesterol is to establish a hydrogen-bond between its own OH group and the glycosidic-bond linking ceramide to the glycone part of GM1, thereby inducing a tilt in the glycolipid headgroup. This fine conformational tuning stabilizes the active conformation of the GM1 dimer whose headgroups, oriented in two opposite directions, form a chalice-shaped receptacle for Abeta. These data give new mechanistic insights into the stimulatory effect of cholesterol on Abeta/GM1 interactions. They also support the emerging concept that cholesterol is a universal modulator of protein-glycolipid interactions in the broader context of membrane recognition processes.
Inference of surfaces, 3D curves, and junctions from sparse, noisy, 3D data (1997)

We address the problem of obtaining dense surface information from a sparse set of 3D data in the presence of spurious noise samples. The input can be in the form of points, or points with an associated tangent or normal, allowing both position and direction to be corrupted by noise. Most approaches treat the problem as an interpolation problem, which is solved by fitting a surface such as a membrane or thin plate to minimize some function. We argue that these physical constraints are not sufficient, and propose to impose additional perceptual constraints such as good continuity and "cosurfacity". These constraints allow us to not only infer surfaces, but also to detect surface orientation discontinuities, as well as junctions, all at the same time. The approach imposes no restriction on genus, number of discontinuities, number of objects, and is noniterative. The result is in the form of three dense saliency maps for surfaces, intersections between surfaces (i.e., 3D curves), and 3D junctions, respectively. These saliency maps are then used to guide a "marching" process to generate a description (e.g., a triangulated mesh) making information about surfaces, space curves, and 3D junctions explicit. The traditional marching process needs to be refined as the polarity of the surface orientation is not necessarily locally consistent. These three maps are currently not integrated, and this is the topic of our ongoing research. We present results on a variety of computer-generated and real data, having varying curvature, of different genus, and multiple objects.
Interplay between Natural Killer Cells and Anti-HER2 Antibodies: Perspectives for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) defines a subgroup of breast tumors with aggressive behavior. The addition of HER2-targeted antibodies (i.e., trastuzumab, pertuzumab) to chemotherapy significantly improves relapse-free and overall survival in patients with early-stage and advanced disease. Nonetheless, considerable proportions of patients develop resistance to treatment, highlighting the need for additional and co-adjuvant therapeutic strategies. HER2-specific antibodies can trigger natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and indirectly enhance the development of tumor-specific T cell immunity; both mechanisms contributing to their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Antibody-dependent NK cell activation results in the release of cytotoxic granules as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IFNγ and TNFα) and chemokines. Hence, NK cell tumor suppressive functions include direct cytolytic killing of tumor cells as well as the regulation of subsequent antitumor adaptive immunity. Albeit tumors with gene expression signatures associated to the presence of cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltrates benefit from trastuzumab-based treatment, NK cell-related biomarkers of response/resistance to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in breast cancer patients remain elusive. Several variables, including (i) the configuration of the patient NK cell repertoire; (ii) tumor molecular features (i.e., estrogen receptor expression); (iii) concomitant therapeutic regimens (i.e., chemotherapeutic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors); and (iv) evasion mechanisms developed by progressive breast tumors, have been shown to quantitatively and qualitatively influence antibody-triggered NK cell responses. In this review, we discuss possible interventions for restoring/enhancing the therapeutic activity of HER2 therapeutic antibodies by harnessing NK cell antitumor potential through combinatorial approaches, including immune checkpoint blocking/stimulatory antibodies, cytokines and toll-like receptor agonists.
Student perceptions of workplace communications during co-operative workterm experiences (2005)

Co-operative education gives students the opportunity to observe important interpersonal skills while applying their technical knowledge. Eighty students on their second and third co-op work terms described communication incidents in face-toface,mobile text, and mobile voice situations perceived to have shaped relationships with their managers. Richness is provided by a qualitative analysis that asks students to express their feelings about how they are talked to by their supervisors. Results identify some apparent themes with respect to the use of message content and tone, media selection and message timing. They also show that students appear to value face-to-face communication and reveal that social extra-role relationships are important to student feelings of selfefficacy and attributions of manager effectiveness. These connections may form the basis for student development of their own communication styles. The results lead to suggestions of how to make the learning of communication skills more tangible within co-op programs.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the chemical forms of S, C and O in coal before and after microwave desulphurisation (2017)

The chemical forms of S, C and O of high-sulphur bituminous coal were analysed before and after microwave desulphurisation by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sulphur existed as 17.908% mercaptan (sulfoether) and 62.160% thiophene before microwave irradiation and decreased to 4.644% mercaptan (sulfoether) and 49.483% thiophene after irradiation with assistance of alkali solution. On the contrary, sulphur that occurred in the chemical form of sulfone (sulfoxide) and sulphates increased from 7.516% and 12.416% to 14.697% and 31.176%, respectively. This increase may be due to the mobility of sulphur-containing species and the oxidisation effect of desulphurisation additive. After irradiation, the relative contents of C-H and C-C groups decreased while C=O and COO-groups in the coal increased. This shows that the organic carbon is oxidised to a higher valence state. These observed changes in functionalities led to a low coking quality of the desulphurised coal. [Received: February 5, 2015; Accepted: December 12, 2015]