gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RAPID-Cache-a reliable and inexpensive write cache for disk I/O systems (1999)

This paper presents a new cache architecture called RAPID-Cache for Redundant, Asymmetrically Parallel, and Inexpensive Disk Cache. A typical RAPID-Cache consists of two redundant write buffers on top of a disk system. One of the buffers is a primary cache made of RAM or NVRAM and the other is a backup cache containing a two level hierarchy: a small NVRAM buffer on top of a log disk. The backup cache has nearly equivalent write performance as the primary RAM cache, while the read performance of the backup cache is not as critical because normal read operations are performed through the primary RAM cache and reads from the backup cache happen only during error recovery periods. The RAPID-Cache presents an asymmetric architecture with a fast-write-fast-read RAM being a primary cache and a fast-write-slow-read NVRAM-disk hierarchy being a backup cache. The asymmetric cache architecture allows cost-effective designs for very large write caches for high-end disk I/O systems that would otherwise have to use dual-copy, costly NVRAM caches. It also makes it possible to implement reliable write caching for low-end disk I/O systems since the RAPID-Cache makes use of inexpensive disks to perform reliable caching. Our analysis and trace-driven simulation results show that the RAPID-Cache has significant reliability/cost advantages over conventional single NVRAM write caches and has great cost advantages over dual-copy NVRAM caches. The RAPID-Cache architecture opens a new dimension for disk system designers to exercise trade-offs among performance, reliability and cost.
Evaluation des Peer‐Review‐Verfahrens bei der <i>Angewandten Chemie</i>** (1993)

Kritik am Gutachtersystem ‐ und natürlich konkret an Gutachtern ‐ bekommt auch die Redaktion der Angewandten Chemie nur zu häufig zu hören. Da waren wir froh, als 1990 die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker H.‐D. Daniel erlaubte, im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms „Wissenschaftsforschung”︁ der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unter strikter Wahrung der Anonymität von Gutachtern und Autoren unser Gutachtersystem zu untersuchen. Ein Teil der Ergebnisse, der schon Diskussionsstoff genug bieten dürfte, ist hier zusammengefaßt. Ausführlich werden die Ergebnisse in einem Buch präsentiert, das im Sommer bei VCH erscheint.
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1988)

A canplete ribosomal (rRNA) opercn from Psendctncnas aeruaanisa has been cloned (1) in pHE 3 (2).As a part of this project we have reported previously on the physical organization of the rRNA genes of the four rEHA operons (3), the primary structure of a gene coding for the 23S rRNA (4) and the secondary structure with its implication for biological function ( 5).Here we present the primary structure of one 16S riboscoal RNA gene.Oligonucleotides were produced by the phosphoramidite method (6), using an automated ENA synthesizer (Applied Biosystetns model 38OA).ENA sequencing was perfonped en both strands by employing the ffl.3/dideaxy method (7).We used in addition a modified protocol essentially based on the one reported for extended sequencing (8).The 16S rRNA is composed of 1537 nucleotides, whereas the 16S rRNA derived from the rrnB operon of Escherichia coli displays 1542 nucleotides.Contrary to the data of Shine and Dalgamo dT, we do find sequence homolqgy within the fifteen 3"-proximal nucleotides of Pseudcaooas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli 16S rRNA.The details of the secondary structure will be presented elsewhere (10).
The Role of Exoenzyme S in Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1985)

To define the contribution of exoenzyme S to the pathogenesis of infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we have compared the ability of an exoenzyme S-deficient mutant, 388 exs1::Tn1, and that of its exoenzyme S-producing parent to colonize and disseminate in burned mice infected with this organism. Both the exoenzyme S-deficient mutant and the parent strain proliferated in burned skin, but only the parent strain was able to effectively disseminate to blood and other tissues. The reduced ability of the mutant to disseminate was not due to alterations in serum sensitivity, lipopolysaccharide composition, or motility. The exoenzyme S-deficient mutant was able to disseminate in the presence of the exoenzyme S-producing parent. Antibody to purified exoenzyme S was able to greatly reduce dissemination of the exoenzyme S-producing parent strain but did not prevent colonization in the burned skin. These data suggest that exoenzyme S does not contribute to the initial colonization but does contribute to the establishment of disseminated infection.
Commutatorless D-C Generators Capable to Supply Currents More than One Million Amperes, and the Effect of Heavy Overload on Them (1962)

In this paper the effect of steady-state very heavy overloads on high-current low-voltage d-c generators analysis and discussion will provide a thorough knowledge of the various effects of extremely heavy overloads on a machine under sustained short-circuit conditions.
A study of dynamic behavior of a recurrent neural network for control (2002)

The dynamic behavior of a two-neuron recurrent network formulated from biological observations is studied. Different parameters that will affect the dynamic behavior of the network include decaying constant, synaptic weight, initial state of neuron, input to the system, and the activation function. The issues of stability, equilibrium state, and convergence time are explored. The convergence time is affected by the choice of decaying constant. In addition, the discontinuous activation function presents several favorable features over the continuous sigmoid function from the control point of view. Because of the discontinuity, equilibrium state can be separated into active region and inactive region. The active region can be triggered through the excitatory input, if the initial state is in the inactive region. The state of the equilibrium point is 'directly modulated by the input, which implies a unique input-output relationship.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional Rescue of Degenerating Photoreceptors in Mice Homozygous for a Hypomorphic cGMP Phosphodiesterase 6 b Allele (<i>Pde6b</i><sup><i>H620Q</i></sup>) (2008)

Pde6b(H620Q) homozygous mice exhibit a hypomorphic phenotype with partial PDE6 activity that may result in an increased Ca(2+) to promote photoreceptor death. As degeneration in Pde6b(H620Q) mutants is slower than in Pde6b(rd1) mice and can be suppressed by Pde6b transduction, this Pde6b(H620Q) model may provide an alternate means to explore new treatments of RP.
Informed RRT*: Optimal sampling-based path planning focused via direct sampling of an admissible ellipsoidal heuristic (2014)

Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs) are popular in motion planning because they find solutions efficiently to single-query problems. Optimal RRTs (RRT*s) extend RRTs to the problem of finding the optimal solution, but in doing so asymptotically find the optimal path from the initial state to every state in the planning domain. This behaviour is not only inefficient but also inconsistent with their single-query nature.
The Scophony Spatial Light Modulator (1984)

The Scophony scanner uses the same optical elements as the more familiar flying spot scanner: a rotating polygon mirror, an acoustooptic (A/0) modulator, and a laser light source. The flying spot scanner is designed to construct its image a pixel at a time; no more than one pixel is illuminated at any given instant. The Scophony scanner is designed to image a broad swath of the A/0 modulator's acoustic pulses onto the photoreceptor. Many pixels are illuminated at any given instant in the Scophony scanner. The acoustic pulse image motion is frozen in place by a compensating scanning action. The result is a scanner with a coherent imaging response. This coherent response implies that the optical phase of a given pixel profoundly influences the formation of neighboring pixels. The optical phase at the scanner image plane is driven by the electronic phase of the video signal applied to the A/0 modulator. This coherent response enables electronic manipulation of the video drive signal to have significant impact on the optical imaging performance of the scanner. Two electronic manipulation schemes are proposed for doubling the resolution of the Scophony scanner, one scheme for analog video signals, and one scheme for binary digital video signals. Each scheme gives superior contrast ratio performance compared with the flying spot scanner.
The Hedgehog Signal Transduction Network (2012)

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins regulate the development of a wide range of metazoan embryonic and adult structures, and disruption of Hh signaling pathways results in various human diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways regulated by Hh, consolidating data from a diverse array of organisms in a variety of scientific disciplines. Similar to the elucidation of many other signaling pathways, our knowledge of Hh signaling developed in a sequential manner centered on its earliest discoveries. Thus, our knowledge of Hh signaling has for the most part focused on elucidating the mechanism by which Hh regulates the Gli family of transcription factors, the so-called "canonical" Hh signaling pathway. However, in the past few years, numerous studies have shown that Hh proteins can also signal through Gli-independent mechanisms collectively referred to as "noncanonical" signaling pathways. Noncanonical Hh signaling is itself subdivided into two distinct signaling modules: (i) those not requiring Smoothened (Smo) and (ii) those downstream of Smo that do not require Gli transcription factors. Thus, Hh signaling is now proposed to occur through a variety of distinct context-dependent signaling modules that have the ability to crosstalk with one another to form an interacting, dynamic Hh signaling network.
Mechanisms of Failure of Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux Based on Endoscopic Anatomy (2003)

Endoscopic anatomical findings can account for failure of the injection technique to correct reflux in the majority of failed cases (90%). Mound displacement and volume loss account comparably for treatment failure. One incidence of mound extrusion, previously hypothesized as a mechanism for treatment failure, was documented in our study.
Consequences of Kinetic Dispersion on the Electrochemistry of an Adsorbed Redox-Active Monolayer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConsequences of Kinetic Dispersion on the Electrochemistry of an Adsorbed Redox-Active MonolayerGary K. Rowe, Michael T. Carter, John N. Richardson, and Royce W. MurrayCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 5, 1797–1806Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/la00005a059RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nonprotein Serum Nitrogen in Infancy (1967)

WHEN evaluating clinical chemical data from small children, it is important to realize that the normal values and ranges of the concentrations of several serum constituents in infants differ from those of adults. However, the mean concentrations and their variations with the age of the child are of interest not only in routine clinical work but also from an ontogenetic point of view, since these changes may contribute to the understanding of the normal development of the child. The investigation reported in this paper is an attempt to study such changes in a limited field. In an earlier paper<sup>1</sup>it was reported that the serum nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and creatinine levels in newborn infants were approximately similar to adult levels, and that the respective concentrations decreased to a significantly lower level than that of adults after five or six days. From this lower level they gradually increased, reaching adult
Body Shape Assessment Scale: Instrument Development Foranalyzing Female Figures (2006)

The purpose of this research was to use experts' knowledge to develop a set of scales to assess female body shapes as visualized in body scans, resulting in an instrument that could be applied through software to the analysis of body scan data. Using 42 body scans representing women aged 20-55 years of age, through a series of steps, researchers developed nine scalesfor body shape assessmentfrom front and side views. Three (Body Build, Body Shape, and Posture) were for whole body analysis, and six (Front Torso Shape, Hip Shape, Shoulder Slope, Bust Shape, Buttocks Shape, Back Curvature) were for analysis of component body parts. For validation, five experts used the Body Shape Assessment Scale (BSAS©) to rate 100 additional body scans. These ratings were used to program software to classify female body scan data using the BSAS©.
Heat Exchanger Design (1965)

Heat Exchanger Types and Construction. Heat Exchanger Fabrication. Heat Transmission and Fluid Flow. Performance Estimation. Boiling Heat Transfer and Flow Stability. Heat Pipes. Fluidized Beds. Flow Distribution Problems. Stress Analysis. Service Life, Reliability, and Maintenance. General Design Considerations and Approaches. Liquid--to--Liquid Heat Exchangers. Gas--to--Gas Heat Exchangers. Liquid--to--Gas Heat Exchangers. Steam Generators. Condensers. Heat Exchangers for Liquid Metals and Molten Salts. Heat Exchangers Operating on Radiant Energy. Cooling Towers. Heat Exchanger Tests. Handbook. Nomenclature, Constants, and Conversion Factors. Physical Properties Affecting Heat Transfer. Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop. LMTD and Thermal Effectiveness. Heat Transfer. Geometric Data for Tube Bundles and Header Sheets. Dimensional and Related Data for Pipes, Tubes, and Fins. Stress Analysis. Cost Estimation. Index.
BiCMOS MMIC class-E power amplifier for 5 to 6 GHz wireless communication systems (2005)

This work presents the design and measurements of a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) class-E power amplifier for wireless communication systems, which uses a novel output matching topology to approximate class-E operating conditions. Compared to the classic approach, the proposed lumped-element load network offers reduced ohmic loss in practical implementation by targeting optimum second-harmonic termination. This extends the possibility of using lumped components for monolithic integrated and for hybrid class-E amplifier designs. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed concept, a switching-mode amplifier was fabricated using a commercial BiCMOS process and an HBT as active device. In the 5-to-6 GHz frequency band, the amplifier shows an output power of more than 20 dBm and a power added efficiency greater than 47 %, when operated from a 3 V supply.
Evidence for lipoxygenase activity in induction of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells by chelated iron. (1983)

The ferric iron-desferrioxamine B chelate effectively induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. The release was maximum at exogenous ferric iron concentrations of 10-100 microM, and the chelate was non-toxic, as determined by trypan blue uptake. In many aspects the chelate-induced histamine release paralleled IgE-mediated release. The kinetics, temperature, and Ca2+ dependence resembled antigen-induced release. Phosphatidylserine potentiated the release in Wistar rats but not in fawn-hooded rats, a strain which does not respond to phosphatidylserine potentiation. The chelate-induced histamine release was blocked by the metabolic inhibitors dinitrophenol, potassium cyanide, 2-deoxyglucose, and antimycin A. Lipoxygenase inhibitors also effectively blocked release, indicating an involvement of fatty acid metabolism via the lipoxygenase pathway. Free radical scavengers and antioxidants antagonistic to lipid peroxidation also inhibited the chelate-induced histamine release. Overall the data raise the possibility that endogenous cellular iron may be involved in the generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation and that these may be early events in IgE-mediated release of histamine.
Batch Fabrication Of Mechanical Platforms For High Density (2005)

This paper describes the design and process of fully-integrated multilayer MEMS chips, including mm-sized wobble motor and actuator, with potential application in high density data storage [I]. We use a stencil plating process to fabricate fully-integrated rnultilayer high-aspect-ratio (10:1) metal structures a few tens of /spl mu/m thick with in-plane dimensions of a few millimeters. We implement integrated wobble motors with notches in stator and axle for process robustness, with wobble absorbers to reduce wobbling amplitude. The demonstration of full integration of mm-sized motor and actuator with large load carrying capability points to a low-cost path for shrinking data storage devices.
Theory of square wave voltammetry for kinetic systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of square wave voltammetry for kinetic systemsJohn J. O'Dea, Janet. Osteryoung, and Robert A. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 4, 695–701Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00227a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00227a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1918Altmetric-Citations260LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of stable isotope labeling technique and mass isotopomer distribution analysis of [13C]palmitate isolated from surfactant disaturated phospholipids to study surfactantin vivo kinetics in a premature infant (2000)

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins which lowers surface tension and maintains alveolar expansion at end expiration. Developmental and genetic disruption of pulmonary surfactant metabolism leads to respiratory distress in newborns. Stable isotope labeling of metabolic precursors of disaturated phospholipids, the most abundant and specific component of pulmonary surfactant, permits the measurement of the kinetics of surfactant metabolism in vivo. We measured [U-(13)C(6)]glucose incorporation into palmitic acid derived from disaturated surfactant phospholipids. A 24 h infusion of [U-(13)C(6)]glucose (140 mg kg(-1)) was administered to a premature infant who required mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome; tracheal aspirate samples were obtained at the start of the infusion and at regular intervals for the next 70 h. Each tracheal aspirate sample was incubated with osmium tetroxide to isolate disaturated surfactant phospholipids. Methyl esters of the fatty acids in the disaturated phospholipids were prepared and the enrichment of [(13)C]methyl palmitate was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/combination/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) was used to calculate the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of palmitate synthesized from acetate. With both GC/MS and GC/C/IRMS, palmitate (13)C enrichment was first detected 12.3 h after the start of the tracer infusion. The enrichment increased in a linear fashion, reached a peak at 47 h and remained constant in the remainder of the samples. The FSR of palmitate from acetate was 5.2% per day. Stable isotope techniques and MIDA will provide insights into the kinetics of surfactant metabolism in newborns with respiratory dysfunction.
Exogenous DNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles via Electroporation is Size-Dependent and Enables Limited Gene Delivery (2015)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense promise for utilization as biotherapeutics and drug delivery vehicles due to their nature as biological nanoparticles that facilitate intercellular molecular transport. Specifically, EVs have been identified as natural carriers of nucleic acids, sparking interest in their use for gene therapy and RNA interference applications. So far, small RNAs (siRNA and miRNA) have been successfully loaded into EVs for a variety of delivery applications, but the potential use of EVs for DNA delivery has scarcely been explored. Here, we report that exogenous linear DNA can be associated with EVs via electroporation in quantities sufficient to yield an average of hundreds of DNA molecules per vesicle. We determined that loading efficiency and capacity of DNA in EVs is dependent on DNA size, with linear DNA molecules less than 1000 bp in length being more efficiently associated with EVs compared to larger linear DNAs and plasmid DNAs using this approach. We further showed that EV size is also determinant with regard to DNA loading, as larger microvesicles encapsulated more linear and plasmid DNA than smaller, exosome-like EVs. Additionally, we confirmed the ability of EVs to transfer foreign DNA loaded via electroporation into recipient cells, although functional gene delivery was not observed. These results establish critical parameters that inform the potential use of EVs for gene therapy and, in agreement with other recent results, suggest that substantial barriers must be overcome to establish EVs as broadly applicable DNA delivery vehicles.