gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guided just-in-time transcoding for cloud-based video platforms (2016)

Consumption of streamed video on-demand (VoD) content is driving rapid growth of fixed and mobile network traffic. VoD services are commonly run on cloud-based video platforms, where all processing is software-based. The VoD content is typically delivered using adaptive bit rate (ABR) streaming techniques. As the amount of content in an asset library grows, the required storage space and the associated cost increase. This is emphasized if several ABR representations per content are stored. To save storage space, lower quality ABR representations may be eliminated and re-generated based on the corresponding high quality representation as the content is requested, which is referred to as just-in-time (JIT) transcoding. In this paper, we investigate a scheme that can significantly reduce the computational complexity associated with JIT transcoding, called guided JIT transcoding. We analyze its performance when multiple HEVC-coded ABR representations with different spatial resolutions are utilized, showing that for a configuration with seven video representations with resolutions ranging from 1080p to 360p, storage requirements can be reduced by about 24% while software-based transcoding from 1080p to 720p can be performed at 46 fps on average using a single execution thread.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Mutations Affecting the Ability of the Yeast <i>Pachysolen tannophilus</i> To Metabolize <scp>d</scp> -Xylose (1989)

Induced mutants, selected for their defective growth on d-xylose while retaining the ability to grow normally on d-glucose, were studied in Pachysolen tannophilus, a yeast capable of converting d-xylose to ethanol. Fourteen of the mutations were found to occur at nine distinct loci, and data indicated that many more loci remain to be detected. Most of the mutations were pleiotropic in character, and the expression of some of them was much affected by nutritional conditions and by genetic background. Mutations at several loci resulted in poor growth on at least one compound that was either an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, succinate or alpha-ketoglutarate, or on compounds metabolizable via this cycle, ethanol or glycerol. An initial biochemical characterization of the mutants was undertaken. Analysis for xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulose kinase activity showed that one or more of these activities was affected in 12 of 13 mutants. However, drastic reduction in activity of a single enzyme was confined to that of xylitol dehydrogenase by mutations at three different loci and to that of d-xylose reductase by mutation at another locus. Growth of these latter four mutants was normal on all carbon sources tested that were not five-carbon sugars.
The potato crop : the scientific basis for improvement (1978)

1 History of the potato.- 2 Biosystematics of the potato.- 3 Structure and development of the potato plant.- 4 Mineral nutrition.- 5 Water relations and growth of potatoes.- 6 Seed tuber production and management.- 7 Plant density.- 8 Breeding new varieties.- 9 Weed control.- 10 Disease aspects of potato production.- 11 Pest aspects of potato production Part 1 The nematode pests of potatoes.- 12 Tuber quality.- 13 Mechanization of crop production and handling operations.- 14 The physics and physiology of storage.- 15 Potato production in the tropics.- 16 Potato production in the context of the world and farm economy.- 17 Principles of agronomy and their application in the potato industry.
Computational Strategies in Discovering Novel Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 RT (2005)

A three-dimensional common feature pharmacophore model was developed using the X-ray structure of RT/non-nucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) complexes. Starting from the pharmacophore hypothesis and the structure of the lead compound TBZ, new NNRTIs were designed and synthesized, having the benzimidazol-2-one system as a scaffold. Docking experiments showed that these molecules docked in a position and orientation similar to that of known inhibitors. Biological testing confirmed that our strategy was successful in searching for new leads as NNRTIs.
Salivary Esterase Activity and Its Association with the Biodegradation of Dental Composites (2004)

Pseudocholinesterase (PCE) and cholesterol esterase (CE) can hydrolyze bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate (bisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers. This study will test the hypothesis that enzyme activities showing CE and PCE character are found in human saliva at levels sufficient to hydrolyze ester-containing composites important to restorative denstistry. The study also seeks to ask if the active sites of CE and PCE with respect to composite could be inhibited. Photo-polymerized model composite resin was incubated in PCE and CE solutions, in the presence and absence of a specific esterase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Incubation solutions were analyzed for resin degradation products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Saliva was found to contain both hydrolase activities at levels that could degrade composite resins. PMSF inhibited the composite degradation, indicating a material hydrolysis mechanism similar to the enzymes' common function.
The Effect of Different Lipid Components on the In Vitro Stability and Release Kinetics of Liposome Formulations (2004)

Liposomes are colloidal carriers that form when certain (phospho)lipid molecules are hydrated in an aqueous media with some energy input. The ideal liposome formulation with optimum stability will improve drug delivery by decreasing the required dose and increasing the efficacy of the entrapped drug at the target organ or tissue. The most important parameter of interest in this article was to compare the efficacy of three different liposomes formulated with DSPC, DMPC, and DPPC, all saturated neutral phospholipids with different acyl chain lengths and transition temperatures. DMPC has a phase transition temperature (Tc) below 37 degrees C, whereas the other two phospholipids possess Tcs above the physiological temperature. These lipids were then added to a cholesterol concentration of 21% to optimize the stability of the vesicles. The liposomes were prepared by a sonication and incubated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The encapsulation efficiency, initial size, and drug retention of the vesicles were tested over a 48-hr period employing radiolabeled inulin as a model drug. The phase transition temperature of liposomes, which depends on the Tc of the constituent lipids, was an important factor in liposome stability. Of all the liposomes tested, the greatest encapsulation efficiency was found for the DSPC liposomes (2.95%) that also had the greatest drug retention over 48 hr at both 4 degrees C (87.1 +/- 6.8%) and 37 degrees C (85.2 +/- 10.1%), none of these values being significantly different from time zero. The lowest drug retention was found for DMPC liposomes for which a significant difference in drug retention was seen after only 15 min at both 4 degrees C (47.3 +/- 6.9%) and 37 degrees C (53.8 +/- 4.3%). The DPPC liposomes showed a significant difference in drug retention after 3 hr at 4 degrees C (62.1 +/- 8.2%) and after 24 hr at 37 degrees C (60.8 +/- 8.9%). Following the initial drop at certain time intervals a plateau was reached for all of the liposome formulations after which no significant difference in drug retention was observed. In conclusion, liposomes with higher transition temperatures appear to be more stable in PBS either at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C, indicating that the increase in acyl chain length (and therefore transition temperature) is directly proportional to stability.
Two Phase 3 Trials of Adalimumab for Hidradenitis Suppurativa (2016)

Treatment with adalimumab (40 mg weekly), as compared with placebo, resulted in significantly higher clinical response rates in both trials at 12 weeks; rates of serious adverse events were similar in the study groups. (Funded by AbbVie; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01468207 and NCT01468233 for PIONEER I and PIONEER II, respectively.).
Ocular fluid dynamics response to topical RU486, a steroid blocker (1985)

A steroid antagonist applied to one eye of 18 young pigmented rabbits during a 10-week period caused a statistically significant fall in IOP, but no statistically significant nor clinically relevant change in the rate of aqueous humor turnover. The pressure change is therefore ascribed to an alteration in outflow channels. No changes occurred in a parallel group of 5 animals in which one eye was treated with vehicle and the contralateral eye was untreated. The drug effects became evident after two weeks of application, suggesting that a slow turnover pathway is involved.
Usefulness and Limitations of Skin Explants to Assess Laser Treatment (2013)

Hong-il Cho, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, and Gyeong-Hun Park. Medical Lasers; Engineering, Basic Research, and Clinical Application 2013;2:58-63. https://doi.org/10.25289/ML.2013.2.2.58
Oxidative stress parameters in blood and urine of metal-shelf factory workers (2013)

Objectives: We have investigated the level of antioxidants\n(glutathione (GSH), GSH-reductase, GSH-peroxidase, GSHtransferase,\ncatalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)),\nlipid peroxidation products (plasma, erythrocyte and urinary\nmalondialdehyde (MDA)) and urinary DNA damage product\n8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-2’-dG) in metal-shelf factory\nworkers and compared the levels to those of a control group working\nin a different work area.\nMethods: Twenty four workers working in a metal shelf\nproduction factory and sixteen apparently healthy male volunteers\nwithout environmental and work place exposure were included in the\nstudy. Blood and urine samples were examined for oxidative stress\nparameters. Measurement of 8-OH-2’-dG was by high performance\nliquid chromatography (HPLC), while other parameters were\nmeasured by colorimetric methods.\nResults: GSH-transferase, CAT, SOD activities and plasma,\nerythrocyte and urinary MDA levels of metal shelf production\nfactory workers were higher than for the control group, whereas,\nGSH-peroxidase and GSH in workers were lower than for controls.\nMoreover, while GSH-reductase activity was lower, 8-OH-2’-dG\nlevel was higher than the control group but the difference was not\nstatistically significant.\nConclusion: As a result of increased industrialization, air\npollution and hazardous working conditions there is a deterioration\nof the balance between oxidant and antioxidant levels which affects\nthe structure of macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Reference Electrodes (2017)

This article discusses several factors that affect the reference potential established by silver/silver chloride and copper/copper sulfate reference electrodes. Data is presented on the effects of temperature, light, contaminants, and solute concentration.
The epitaxy of silicon on quartz (1968)

Epitaxic films of silicon have been grown chemically on single-crystal quartz substrates by two different heterogeneous reactions: (a) the hydrogen reduction of trichlorosilane and (b) the pyrolysis of silane. The films have been examined by electron and X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and measurements have been made of room temperature carrier concentration and mobility. Particular attention has been paid to the determination of epitaxic arrangements, and to the mode of formation of multiply oriented films. An effect relating film thickness to orientation has been observed, and reasons for this are discussed. The effect of the chemical reaction on the final silicon orientation is also considered in some detail. Finally, carrier mobility values have been related both to various defect structures observed in the films and to the presence of multiple orientations.
An Information Platform for Building Automation System (2006)

Building automation system (BAS) had been developed for several decades. But still some problems exist in its application. Improper communication network is one of its causes. This paper introduces an innovative thought on BAS' networks, and presents an information platform for BAS which had just been installed and tested in a real building.
Ionization coefficients measured in abrupt InP junctions (1980)

The ionization coefficients of electrons α (Em ) and holes β (Em) in (100) InP have been obtained by photomultiplication measurements on abrupt Cd-doped LPE p+-n junctions having a donor concentration of 1.3×1017 cm−3. Two different methods of producing pure hole injection have been used which give identical results. In the electric field range 5×105&lt;Em &lt;8×105 V cm−1, β≳α and the coefficients may be expressed as α (Em) =7.36 ×106 exp(−3.45×106/Em) cm−1, β (Em ) =2.04×106 exp(−2.42×106/Em ) cm−1. The breakdown voltages calculated using these values of α and β show good agreement with experimental results.
Amplification and overexpression of the PSMB5 gene contributes to bortezomib resistance in retreatment of patients with multiple myeloma (2009)

e19500 Background: The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib is a novel anticancer drug that targets primarily the beta5 subunit (PSMB5) of the 26 S proteasome which has also demonstrated efficacy in re-treatment of almost half of relapsed Multiple Myeloma (MM) pts. Recent studies have identified qualitative and quantitative alterations at the level of PSMB5 subunit, which is located at 14q11, and cells that carry these alterations displayed a marked resistance to proteasome inhibition. We investigated the relevance of amplification and PSMB5 overexpression in the clinical outcome of pts with MM during retreatment with bortezomib. Methods: Between January and June 2008 pts with secretory MM on relapse were elegible for bortezomib re-treatment (1.3 or 1.0 mg/mq on days 1,4,8 and 11 of a 21 day cycle) if they had at least a partial remission to a bortezomib based on most recent treatment and a free interval of at least 6 months since the last dose. Bone marrow samples for morphologic analysis, mRNA expression levels of PSMB5, classical cytogenetics, FISH and in situ hybridization using a fluorescein-labeled probe to detect the amplification of PSMB5 gene, were obtained from 26 pts (16 male, 10 female mean age 64 years) before and during re-treatment with Bortezomib. Results: At the time of analyses all pts who received at least two cycles were evaluable. We identified 12 pts refractory to retreatment and five of these pts (3 males, 2 females, mean age 65 years) had a detectable amplification and overexpression of PSMB5 which interestingly appears rapidly following exposure to bortezomib and wanes with time off-therapy, even if it curiously reappeared rapidly after re-exposure to bortezomib. Conclusions: Amplification and overexpression of PSMB5 contributes to bortezomib resistance in clinical practice. These findings do highlight the susceptibility of proteasome units to genetic modifications under constant selective pressure which occur with continued treatment, furthermore, the drug resistance remains dormant but it rapidly revives upon re-exposure to bortezomib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Magnetic and fluorescent carbon-based nanohybrids for multi-modal imaging and magnetic field/NIR light responsive drug carriers (2016)

Carbon nanomaterials have gained significant momentum as promising candidate materials for biomedical applications due to their unique structure and properties. After functionalization with magnetic and fluorescent components, the resultant carbon-based nanohybrids can serve not only as magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging contrast agents, but also as photothermally/magneto-thermally responsive drug carriers for combined photothermo/chemotherapy. This mini-review summarizes the latest developments and applications and addresses the future perspectives of carbon-based magnetic and fluorescent nanohybrids in the biomedical field.
Experimental and Analytical Plans for the Non-Destructive Assay System of the Swedish Encapsulation and Repository Facilities (2014)

The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), two universities and several U.S. Department of Energy Laboratories have joined in a collaborative research effort to determine the capability of non-destructive assay (NDA) techniques to meet the combined needs of the safeguards community and the Swedish encapsulation and repository facilities operator SKB. These needs include partial defect detection, heat quantification, assembly identification (initial enrichment, burnup and cooling time), and Pu mass and reactivity determination. The experimental component of this research effort involves the measurement of 50 assemblies at the Central Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab) facility in Sweden, 25 of which were irradiated in Pressurized Water Reactors and 25 in Boiling Water Reactors. The experimental signatures being measured for all assemblies include spectral resolved gammas (HPGe and LaBr3), time correlated neutrons (Differential Die-away Self Interrogation), time-varying and continuous active neutron interrogation (Differential Die-away and an approximation of Californium Interrogation Prompt Neutron), total neutron and total gamma fluxes (Fork Detector), total heat (assembly length calorimeter) and possibly the Cerenkov light emission (Digital Cerenkov Viewing Device). This paper fits into the IAEA’s Department of Safeguards Long-Term R&D Plan in the context of developing “more sensitive and less intrusive alternatives to existing NDA instruments to perform partial defect test on spent fuel assembly prior to transfer to difficult to access storage,” as well as potentially supporting pyrochemical processing. The work describes the specific measured signatures, the uniqueness of the information contained in these signatures and why a data mining approach is being used to combine the various signatures to optimally satisfy the various needs of the collaboration. This paper will address efficient and effective verification strategies particularly in the context of encapsulation and repository facilities.
CT evaluation of vulnerable plaque: noninvasive fortune-telling? (2011)

Recently, cardiac CTA has been proposed as a promising noninvasive tool for identification of rupture-prone plaques prior to a subsequent coronary event. This task is particularly challenging but the reward is high: identification of high-risk lesions could preclude plaque thrombosis and possibly prevent acute coronary syndromes. We present a case of a borderline mixed plaque with positive remodeling in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). After 6 months and despite aggressive medical therapy, the patient developed acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by a thrombotic lesion in the proximal LAD. We review the literature on CT characteristics of vulnerable plaque and discuss the possible preventive interventions.
Classification of leaf images (2006)

Abstract There are tremendous content‐based retrieval systems. Most of them are applied to general image databases. Some were proposed for specified databases such as texture databases, ancient paintings, document image databases, digital mammography, face image databases, etc. However, there are fewer for plant databases. Plants are used in various fields such as in foodstuff, medicine, and industry. Recently, plant is important for environment protection. On the other hand, the problem of plant destruction becomes worse in the few years. We should train people to know about plants, in turn, to treasure and protect them. In addition to the limited number of expert botanists, the convenient content‐based retrieval system for plant is necessary and useful, since it can retrieve related information and knowledge from plant database for the query leaf so as to facilitate fast learning of plants. In this study, a leaf database is constructed and a classification method for leaves is proposed. Most approaches for leaf classification in literature used contour‐based features. The proposed method tries to use region‐based features. The reasons are that region‐based features are more robust than contour‐based features since significant curvature points are hard to find. Those features adopted include aspect ratio, compactness, centroid, and horizontal/vertical projections. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by various experiments. On the average, our method has the classification accuracy for 1‐NN rule as 82.33% and the recall rate for 10 returned images as 48.2%, while the contour‐based method has 37.6% and 21.7%, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 15–23, 2006
Bayesian Ensemble Trees (BET) for Clustering and Prediction in Heterogeneous Data (2015)

We propose a novel "tree-averaging" model that utilizes the ensemble of classification and regression trees (CART). Each constituent tree is estimated with a subset of similar data. We treat this grouping of subsets as Bayesian Ensemble Trees (BET) and model them as a Dirichlet process. We show that BET determines the optimal number of trees by adapting to the data heterogeneity. Compared with the other ensemble methods, BET requires much fewer trees and shows equivalent prediction accuracy using weighted averaging. Moreover, each tree in BET provides variable selection criterion and interpretation for each subset. We developed an efficient estimating procedure with improved estimation strategies in both CART and mixture models. We demonstrate these advantages of BET with simulations and illustrate the approach with a real-world data example involving regression of lung function measurements obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis. Supplemental materials are available online.
Reversed-phase HPLC analysis studies of the sweet diterpene glycosides isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (2015)

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) studies were performed on the nine sweet steviol glycosides reported in Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) namely rebaudioside A, steviolbioside, stevioside, rubusoside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, and dulcoside A isolated from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Using Reversed-Phase (RP) HPLC method, individual retention times and area for nine naturally occurring ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides of S. rebaudiana have been determined at various temperatures from 20 °C to 79 °C. HPLC results suggested that temperatures between 40 °C and 60 °C would be ideal conditions for better separation of steviol glycosides. Additional HPLC studies at five different temperatures 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C under three different pH 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8 were performed and results suggested that temperatures 50 °C and 55 °C at pH 2.4 would be ideal condition for better separation of steviol glycosides.