gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Novel Analgesic Drug Candidate Somatostatin SST4 Receptor Agonists (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Somatostatin released from the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves mediates analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via its receptor subtype 4 (SST<sub>4</sub>) without influencing endocrine functions. Therefore, SST<sub>4</sub> is considered to be a novel target for drug development in pain, especially chronic neuropathy which is a great unmet medical need. <b>Purpose and Experimental Approach:</b> Here, we examined the <i>in silico</i> binding, SST<sub>4</sub>-linked G protein activation and β-arrestin activation on stable SST<sub>4</sub> expressing cells and the effects of our novel pyrrolo-pyrimidine molecules (20, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,000 µg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) on partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced traumatic mononeuropathic pain model in mice. <b>Key Results:</b> The novel compounds bind to the high affinity binding site of SST<sub>4</sub> the receptor and activate the G protein. However, unlike the reference SST<sub>4</sub> agonists NNC 26-9100 and J-2156, they do not induce β-arrestin activation responsible for receptor desensitization and internalization upon chronic use. They exert 65-80% maximal anti-hyperalgesic effects in the neuropathy model 1 h after a single oral administration of 100-500 µg·kg<sup>-1</sup> doses. <b>Conclusion and Implications:</b> The novel orally active compounds show potent and effective SST<sub>4</sub> receptor agonism <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. All four novel ligands proved to be full agonists based on G protein activation, but failed to recruit β-arrestin. Based on their potent antinociceptive effect in the neuropathic pain model following a single oral administration, they are promising candidates for drug development.
Targeting RNA–Protein Interactions within the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Lifecycle (2013)

RNA-protein interactions are vital throughout the HIV-1 life cycle for the successful production of infectious virus particles. One such essential RNA-protein interaction occurs between the full-length genomic viral RNA and the major structural protein of the virus. The initial interaction is between the Gag polyprotein and the viral RNA packaging signal (psi or Ψ), a highly conserved RNA structural element within the 5'-UTR of the HIV-1 genome, which has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report the application of a target-based assay to identify small molecules, which modulate the interaction between Gag and Ψ. We then demonstrate that one such molecule exhibits potent inhibitory activity in a viral replication assay. The mode of binding of the lead molecules to the RNA target was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.
Pulmonary Lobe Segmentation in CT Examinations Using Implicit Surface Fitting (2009)

Lobe identification in computed tomography (CT) examinations is often an important consideration during the diagnostic process as well as during treatment planning because of their relative independence of each other in terms of anatomy and function. In this paper, we present a new automated scheme for segmenting lung lobes depicted on 3-D CT examinations. The unique characteristic of this scheme is the representation of fissures in the form of implicit functions using Radial Basis Functions (RBFs), capable of seamlessly interpolating "holes" in the detected fissures and smoothly extrapolating the fissure surfaces to the lung boundaries resulting in a "natural" segmentation of lung lobes. A previously developed statistically based approach is used to detect pulmonary fissures and the constraint points for implicit surface fitting are selected from detected fissure surfaces in a greedy manner to improve fitting efficiency. In a preliminary assessment study, lobe segmentation results of 65 chest CT examinations, five of which were reconstructed with three section thicknesses of 0.625 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm, were subjectively and independently evaluated by two experienced chest radiologists using a five category rating scale (i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and unacceptable). Thirty-three of 65 examinations (50.8%) with a section thickness of 0.625 mm were rated as either "excellent" or "good" by both radiologists and only one case (1.5%) was rated by both radiologists as "poor" or "unacceptable." Comparable performance was obtained with a slice thickness of 1.25 mm, but substantial performance deterioration occurred in examinations with a section thickness of 2.5 mm. The advantages of this scheme are its full automation, relative insensitivity to fissure completeness, and ease of implementation.
Synthetic high density lipoprotein particles. Application to studies of the apoprotein specificity for selective uptake of cholesterol esters. (1987)

Particles closely resembling rat high density lipoproteins (HDL) in terms of equilibrium density profile and particle size were prepared by sonication of apoA-I with a microemulsion made with egg lecithin and cholesterol oleate. These particles, like authentic HDL, allowed selective uptake of their cholesterol ester moieties by cultured cells without parallel uptake of the particle itself. That uptake was saturable and competed by HDL. In rats, the plasma decay kinetics and sites of uptake of a cholesteryl ether tracer were similar whether that tracer was incorporated into synthetic or authentic HDL. Synthetic particles containing other apoproteins were made by generally the same method, but using in place of apoA-I either a mixture of rat apoCs or apoE that was either competent or reductively methylated to prevent interaction with the B/E receptor. These particles, of lower density and larger Stokes radius than those made with apoA-I, also allowed selective uptake of cholesterol esters, albeit with a lower degree of selectivity than in the case of apoA-I. Thus a specific apoprotein component in the subject lipoprotein particle is not required for selective uptake. However, selective uptake was shown to be a function of particle density or size, and part of the difference in rates of selective uptake from the particles made with various apoproteins was explained by their differences in density or size.
Sampling-based methods for factored task and motion planning (2018)

This paper presents a general-purpose formulation of a large class of discrete-time planning problems, with hybrid state and control-spaces, as factored transition systems. Factoring allows state transitions to be described as the intersection of several constraints each affecting a subset of the state and control variables. Robotic manipulation problems with many movable objects involve constraints that only affect several variables at a time and therefore exhibit large amounts of factoring. We develop a theoretical framework for solving factored transition systems with sampling-based algorithms. The framework characterizes conditions on the submanifold in which solutions lie, leading to a characterization of robust feasibility that incorporates dimensionality-reducing constraints. It then connects those conditions to corresponding conditional samplers that can be composed to produce values on this submanifold. We present two domain-independent, probabilistically complete planning algorithms that take, as input, a set of conditional samplers. We demonstrate the empirical efficiency of these algorithms on a set of challenging task and motion planning problems involving picking, placing, and pushing.
Experiments on jet flows and jet noise far-field spectra and directivity patterns (1964)

The results of measurements of far-field sound emitted from jets are reported. The narrow-band power spectral density of the sound in the far field was measured for three jet diameters, three Mach numbers, and five angular positions. The intensity distribution of mean-square pressure fluctuation in the far field in several wide frequency ranges were also measured. The similarity relations found from the experiments are reported.
Using checkpointing to recover from poor multi-site parallel job scheduling decisions (2007)

Recent research in multi-site parallel job scheduling leverages user-provided estimates of job communication characteristics to effectively partition the job across multiple clusters. Previous research addressed the impact of inaccuracies in these estimates on overall system performance and found that multi-site scheduling techniques benefit from these estimates, even in the presence of considerable inaccuracy. While these results are encouraging, there are many instances where these errors result in poor scheduling decisions that cause network over-subscription. This situation can lead to significantly degraded application runtime performance and turnaround time.
Strain Release in CH Bond Activation? (2009)

What a relief! In 1955, strain release was put forward as a reactivity factor to explain the differing reactivity of axial and equitorial alcohols during oxidation. The same rationale may account for the differing rates of activation between axial and equitorial CH bonds in CH activation processes (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Predicting Remaining Useful Life of Rolling Bearings Based on Deep Feature Representation and Transfer Learning (2019)

For the data-driven remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for rolling bearings, the traditional machine learning-based methods generally provide insufficient feature representation and adaptive extraction. Although deep learning-based RUL prediction methods can solve these problems to some extent, they still do not yield satisfactory predictive results due to less degradation data and inconsistent data distribution among different bearings. To solve these problems, a new RUL prediction method based on deep feature representation and transfer learning is proposed in this paper. This method includes an off-line stage and an online stage. In the off-line stage, the Hilbert-Huang transform marginal spectra of the raw vibration signal of auxiliary bearings are first calculated as the input, and then contractive denoising autoencoder is introduced to extract deep features with good and stable fault representation. Second, by using the obtained deep features and Pearson's correlation coefficient, a new health condition assessment method is proposed to divide the whole life of each bearing into a normal state and a fast-degradation state. Finally, using the extracted deep features and their RUL values, an RUL prediction model for the fast-degradation state is trained by means of a least-square support vector machine. In the online stage, a kind of transfer learning algorithm, i.e., transfer component analysis, is introduced to sequentially adjust the features of target bearing from auxiliary bearings, and then the corresponding RUL is predicted using the corrected features. Results using the PHM Challenging 2012 data set show a significant performance improvement when using the proposed method in terms of predictive accuracy and numerical stability.
Data-Driven Approach for Evaluating Risk of Disclosure and Utility in Differentially Private Data Release (2017)

Differential privacy (DP) is a popular technique for protecting individual privacy and at the same for releasing data for public use. However, very few research efforts are devoted to the balance between the corresponding risk of data disclosure (RoD) and data utility. In this paper, we propose data-driven approaches for differentially private data release to evaluate RoD, and offer algorithms to evaluate whether the differentially private synthetic dataset has sufficient privacy. In addition to the privacy, the utility of the synthetic dataset is an important metric for differentially private data release. Thus, we also propose the data-driven algorithm via curve fitting to measure and predict the error of the statistical result incurred by random noise added to the original dataset. Finally, we present an algorithm for choosing appropriate privacy budget ∈ with the balance between the privacy and utility.
Bayes Classification of Online Arabic Characters by Gibbs Modeling of Class Conditional Densities (2008)

This study investigates Bayes classification of online Arabic characters represented by histograms of tangent differences and Gibbs modeling of the class-conditional probability density functions. The parameters of these Gibbs density functions are estimated following the Zhu, Wu, and Mumford constrained maximum entropy formalism, originally introduced for image and shape synthesis. We investigate two partition function estimation methods: one uses the training sample and the other draws from a reference distribution. The efficiency of the corresponding Bayes decision methods, and of a combination of these, is shown in experiments using a database of 9504 freely written samples by 22 scriptors. Comparisons to the nearest neighbor rule method and Kohonen neural network methods are provided.
Stem Cells, Their Niches and the Systemic Environment: An Aging Network (2008)

Stem cells have a fascinating biology and offer great prospects for therapeutic applications, stimulating intense research on what controls their properties and behavior. Although there have been significant advances in our understanding of how local microenvironments, or niches, control the maintenance and activity of stem cells, it is much less well understood how stem cells sense and respond to variable external, physiological, or tissue environments. This review focuses on the multidirectional interactions among stem cells, niches, tissues, and the systemic environment and on potential ideas for how changes in this network of communication may relate to the aging process.
Heavily doped polysilicon-contact solar cells (1985)

We report the first use of a (silicon)/(heavily doped polysilicon)/(metal) structure to replace the conventional high-low junction or back-surface-field (BSF) structure, of silicon solar cells. Compared with BSF and back-ohmic-contact (BOC) control slimples, the polysilicon-back solar cells, show improvements in red spectral response (RSR) and open-circuit voltage. Measurement reveals that a decrease in effective surface recombination velocity S is responsible for this improvement. Decreased S results for n-type (Si:As) polysilicon, consistent with past findings for bipolar transistors, and for p-type (Si:B) polysilicon, reported here for the first time. Though the present polysilicon-back solar cells are far from optimal, the results suggest a new class of designs for high efficiency silicon solar cells. Detailed technical reasons are advanced to support this view.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of Liquid‐Phase Strategies in Organic Synthesis (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of low-sidelobe pulse compression waveforms (1994)

The authors describe a technique for the design of a radar waveform with ultralow range sidelobes (< –60 dB), suitable for use in a satellite-borne rain radar, and present a design procedure for optimum performance. The basis of a scheme for adaptive compensation of amplitude and phase errors is also briefly mentioned.
Investigations on performance metrics of FINFET based 8- bit low power adder architectures implemented using various logic styles http://www.indjst.org/index.php/indjst/article/view/111071 1489988072 (2018)

Objectives: To reduce the leakage power dissipation and minimize the propagation delay, a Fin FET based 8-bit adder architecture is constructed. The performance metrics of these structures are calculated over a range of temperatures and are compared with the MOSFET based 8-bit adder architecture. Various logic styles are utilized for constructing the adder. Method/Analysis: A Ripple carry adder structure is employed. The existing adder architecture is constructed using 90nm MOSFET technology. The proposed adder architecture is constructed using 32nm FINFET technology. The various logic styles employed are Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor logic (CMOS), Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic (CPL), Transmission Gate logic (TG) and Gate Diffusion Input logic (GDI). Cadence Virtuoso is used for designing purpose and simulation is performed using Spectre. Findings: Key performance metrics like static power, dynamic power, leakage power, delay and power delay product are calculated. The dynamic power of MOSFET architecture ranges from 7.42µW to 882.6µW. The dynamic power of FINFET architecture ranges from 0.407nW to 156.2nW. The static power (inputs at high logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.001µW to 945.76µW. The static power (inputs at high logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.725pW to 170.4nW. The static power (inputs at low logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.94nW to 1.68mW. The static power (inputs at low logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.127pW to 305.3nW. The leakage power (inputs at high logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 1.27nW to 134.7µW. The leakage power (inputs at high logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.36pW to 24.77nW. The leakage power (inputs at low logic level) of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.54nW to 139.9µW. The leakage power (inputs at low logic level) of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.15nW to 227.6nW. The delay of MOSFET architecture ranges from 0.344µs to 0.46µs. The delay of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.19µs to 0.28µs. The power delay product of MOSFET architecture ranges from 2.66 to 405.99. The power delay product of Fin FET architecture ranges from 0.83 to 29.67. Novelty/Improvements: The FINFET adder architecture proved to be effective in reducing the propagation delay and leakage power dissipation. This may find usage in high performance devices like microchips and supercomputers. Keywords: Complementary Pass-transistor Logic, Gate Diffusion Input, Low Power Adder, Transmission Gate, CMOS, FINFET
Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Capsular Polysaccharide Expression by <i>agr</i> and <i>sarA</i> (2002)

This study addresses the regulation of Staphylococcus aureus type 8 capsular polysaccharide (CP8) expression by the global regulators agr and sarA. We analyzed CP8 production, cap8-specific mRNA synthesis, and blaZ reporter gene activities of the transcriptional and translational fusions in strain Becker and its agr, sarA, and agr-sarA isogenic mutants during different phases of bacterial growth. In the wild-type strain, cap8 mRNA was undetectable until the mid-logarithmic phase of growth, whereas CP8 production was undetectable until 2 h later, at the onset of stationary phase. The delay most likely reflects the time needed for completing CP8 synthesis resulting from translation of cap8 mRNA. The agr mutation caused drastic reductions in CP8 production and cap8 gene transcription, suggesting that agr is a major positive regulator of CP8 expression. The results of gene fusion studies indicated that regulation by agr is exerted at the transcriptional level. In contrast, the sarA mutation caused only a slight reduction in cap8 mRNA synthesis and reporter gene activities. By comparing CP8 production and cap8 transcription, we observed that sarA affected CP8 production both trancriptionally and posttranslationally. We showed that agr was a major activator for cap gene expression not only in type 8 strain Becker but also in strains representing the four agr groups.
Application of Laminated Edible Films to Potato Chip Packaging (1996)

ABSTRACT The effects of various stearic‐palmitic acid blend concentrations in films, storage temperatures and storage times on potato chip quality were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology. Storage temperature and time affected the quality of potato chips. The maximum storage times for acceptable potato chip quality were: 30 to 43 days, 23 to 25 days, and 11 to 12 days for storage temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C, respectively. Results were independent of stearic‐palmitic acid blend concentrations.
Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Emulsifying Agents (1950)

The purpose of this book is to classify and present the essential practical details relating to a large number of available pharmaceutic emulsifying agents. Addressed primarily to the practicing pharmacist and student of pharmacy, the presentation is inclusive and clear, important principles being repeatedly interpreted. The author begins with a brief explanation of the fundamental principles of emulsions and then discusses types of emulsifying agents, the use of these agents in the formulation and preparation of emulsions, the methods and mechanics of producing emulsions and the preservation and storage of the finished product. An excellent classified list of emulsifying agents is included, giving the trade name of the product, its composition, chemical name or formula, its uses and type and the manufacturer. Some slight errors in formula were noted. The lack of an index is a detriment if the book is to be used for reference.
SAFEPAVE - TWO YEARS ON - THIN SURFACING PROCESS (1994)

Following two years of its use in the UK, the author assesses the performance of Safepave. The technique involves the use of a single purpose machine to lay a thin surface which offers reductions in noise and spray levels. Sources of hot coated macadam, polymer-modified emulsion and aggregate are listed. Comparisons are made with the technique as it is used in continental Europe. Monitoring by the DoT and discussions with other thin surfacing manufacturers in the production of specifications are outlined. The evaluation of Safepave on the A46 at Nettlesham is described. Safepave and asphalt are being monitored in respect of maintenance of texture, profile, skid resistance, surface drainability and noise generation. Similar monitoring in France has shown life expectancies of 7-12 years depending on traffic. On-going research into optimum binder content, polymer modifiers and mix modifiers such as fibres is described.
[Effect of pyrimidine amino acid derivatives on vaccinia virus in tissue culture]. (1975)

The results of the study of antiviral properties of 9 derivatives of pyrimidine amino acids showed only N-(2-chloro-5-bromopyrimidil-4)-1-leucin to possess marked antiviral properties manifested in the capacity of this compound to inhibit the vaccinia virus DNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblast culture and, consequently, to reduce the infections activity of the virus. All the other derivatives of this class have no marked antiviral properties.
Determination of interface layer strain of Si/SiO2 interfaces by reflectance difference spectroscopy (1997)

Detailed studies of the often-observed resonance feature near 3.4 eV in the reflectance difference spectrum of Si/SiO2 interfaces and Si surfaces show that the resonance is due to the intrinsic local-field effect, and that its energy position coincides with the E1 energy of bulk Si. Using the energy position of the resonance of the pseudomorphically grown Si/CaF2 interfaces as a reference point, the strain-induced resonance energy shift of the Si interface layer at several Si/SiO2 interfaces are obtained and the strain in these layers is determined. The results show that the interface layers are highly strained with an equivalent hydrostatic pressure of 0.79 GPa, but still maintain a high degree of order.