gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ocimenol and related compounds from 5-chloro-2-pentanone (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ocimenol and related compounds from 5-chloro-2-pentanoneHideo Kise, Toru Sato, Tsutomu Yasuoka, Manabu Seno, and Teruzo AsaharaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 24, 4454–4456Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01338a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01338a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and in Silico Studies of Coumarin Derivatives with Antifungal Activity (2013)

The increased incidence of opportunistic fungal infections, associated with greater resistance to the antifungal drugs currently in use has highlighted the need for new solutions. In this study twenty four coumarin derivatives were screened in vitro for antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus. Some of the compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity with MICs values ranging between 16 and 32 µg/mL. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study demonstrated that O-substitutions are essential for antifungal activity. It also showed that the presence of a short aliphatic chain and/or electron withdrawing groups (NO(2) and/or acetate) favor activity. These findings were confirmed using density functional theory (DFT), when calculating the LUMO density. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), two significant principal components (PCs) explained more than 60% of the total variance. The best Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) model showed an r2 of 0.86 and q2(cv) of 0.64 corroborating the SAR observations as well as demonstrating a greater probe N1 interaction for active compounds. Descriptors generated by TIP correlogram demonstrated the importance of the molecular shape for antifungal activity.
The mouse C-type transient receptor potential 2 (TRPC2) channel: Alternative splicing and calmodulin binding to its N terminus (2003)

Channels of the C-type transient receptor potential (TRPC) are involved in agonist-stimulated and capacitative calcium entry. There are seven TRPCs, all of which have a Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain in their C termini. We now tested binding of CaM to TRPC N termini and show that only that of TRPC2 binds CaM in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Four TRPC2 cDNAs have been reported: a (also clone 14), b (also clone 17), alpha, and beta. Sequences responsible for CaM binding in TRPC2 a and b are absent from the alpha and beta isoforms. The alpha and beta cDNAs of TRPC2 were reported as alternative forms, when recloning of TRPC2 a and b proved impossible. Here we analyzed total RNA samples from brain and testis for presence of TRPC2 a and b and describe the splicing patterns responsible for their formation, as well as those leading to the alpha and beta forms of TRPC2. We re-assert existence of RNA encoding the TRPC2 a and b, encoded in 21 exons with an initiator ATG in exon 2 for TRPC2a and in exon 4 for TRCP2b. The analysis of alpha and beta TRPC2 cDNAs indicates that although the TRPC2 beta mRNA may exist, the TRPC2 alpha cDNA is derived from an incompletely processed TRPC2a mRNA: It includes in its presumed 5'-untranslated sequence, 713 nt of TRPC2a cDNA fused to 291 nt of an incompletely excised intron. While encoding an active channel in the mouse, the human TRPC2 appears to be a pseudogene. We searched for the human gene in the data bank and located approximately one-half of it in a chromosomal region syntenic to that of the mouse, with similar intron-exon structure. We conclude that the human TRPC2 gene may never have been an active gene because of incomplete ancestral duplication or, if it was complete at one point, that it became inactive upon loss of chromosomal sequences.
Off‐center ratios for three‐dimensional dose calculations (1986)

A new method is proposed for computing the off-center ratios (OCR's) in three-dimensional dose calculations. For an open field, the OCR at a point is computed as the product of the primary OCR (POCR) and the boundary factors (BF's). The POCR describes the beam profile for an infinite field, that is, without the effect of the collimators. It is defined as the ratio of the dose at a point off the central ray to the dose at the point on the central ray at the same depth for an infinite field. The POCR is a function of radial distance from the beam central ray and depth. The BF describes the shape of the beam in the neighborhood of the field boundary defined by the collimators. It is defined as the ratio of the OCR at a point for a finite field to the OCR at the same point for an infinite field. The BF is a function of distance from the field boundary, depth, and field size. For a wedged field, we assume that the boundary factors remain the same as for open fields but the POCR's are altered. The changes in beam profiles are described by a factor called the wedge profile factor (WPF), defined as the ratio of the dose at a point for the largest wedged field to the dose at the same point for an open field of the same field size. The WPF is a function of lateral distance from the beam central plane and depth. Calculated OCR's using this new method are in agreement with the measured data along both the transverse and the diagonal directions of the field.
Sterol-dependent regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression by sterol-regulatory element binding protein-2 (2007)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the subtilases that promotes the internalization and degradation of LDL receptor in liver and thereby controls the level of LDL cholesterol in plasma. Here, we show that the expression of PCSK9 in HepG2 cells is completely dependent on the absence or presence of sterols. The minimal promoter region of the PCSK9 gene contains a sterol-regulatory element (SRE), which makes the transcription of PCSK9 dependent on sterols. Expression of nuclear forms of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP-2 dramatically increased the promoter activity of PCSK9. In vitro-translated nuclear forms of SREBPs showed interactions with SRE, whereas mutations in SRE abolished their binding. In vivo studies in mice showed that Pcsk9 protein and mRNA were decreased significantly by fasting and increased by refeeding. However, supplementation with 2% cholesterol in the diet prevented the increase in Pcsk9. The amounts of Pcsk9 mRNA in livers of refed mice showed correlated regulation by the changes in the nuclear form of Srebp-2. In summary, it is suggested that the expression of PCSK9 is regulated by sterol at the transcriptional level in HepG2 cells and that both SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 can transcriptionally activate PCSK9 via SRE in its proximal promoter region in vitro. However, in vivo, it is suggested that the sterol-dependent regulation of PCSK9 is mediated predominantly by SREBP-2.
Use of multiscale entropy to facilitate artifact detection in electroencephalographic signals (2015)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals present a myriad of challenges to analysis, beginning with the detection of artifacts. Prior approaches to noise detection have utilized multiple techniques, including visual methods, independent component analysis and wavelets. However, no single method is broadly accepted, inviting alternative ways to address this problem. Here, we introduce a novel approach based on a statistical physics method, multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, which quantifies the complexity of a signal. We postulate that noise corrupted EEG signals have lower information content, and, therefore, reduced complexity compared with their noise free counterparts. We test the new method on an open-access database of EEG signals with and without added artifacts due to electrode motion.
Antioxidant Role of Ascorbic Acid and His Protective Effects on Chronic Diseases (2013)

Ascorbic acid (AA), commonly known as vitamin C, plays an important role in the human body, although its function at the cellular level is not yet clear. It is necessary for the synthe‐ sis of collagen, a protein that has many connective functions in the body. Among the sub‐ stances and structures that contain collagen are bone, cartilage and the surrounding material, as well as carrier substances and materials of union muscle, skin and other tissues. It also requires (AA) for the synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters and in the metabolism of certain amino acids and vitamins. Participate in the liver for detoxification of toxic sub‐ stances and blood level for immunity. As an antioxidant reacts with histamine and peroxide for reducing inflammatory symptoms.
On security of a home energy management system (2014)

Smart grid, constituting of numerous components and sub-systems, can be a target for security threats. Failure of any sub-system to properly defend itself against attacks poses a serious risk to the protection of smart grid as a whole. Therefore, securing residential demand response (DR) applications as part of the smart grid requires careful attention. This paper discusses security concerns of a specific DR implementation: the Home Energy Management (HEM) system developed at Virginia Tech (VT). The paper identifies possible security attacks against its various key components, and presents best practices for the counter-measure against those attacks. Privacy issues have also been addressed using access control methods. The paper serves as a use case example of assessing and mitigating security risks in residential DR programs.
Temperature and voltage aware timing analysis: application to voltage drops (2007)

In the nanometer era, the physical verification of CMOS digital circuit becomes a complex task. Designers must account of new factors that impose a significant change in validation methods. One of these major changes in timing verification to handle process variation lies in the progressive development of statistical static timing engines. However the statistical approach cannot capture accurately the deterministic variations of both the voltage and temperature variations. Therefore, we define a novel method, based on non-linear derating coefficients, to account of these environmental variations. Based on temperature and voltage drop CAD tool reports, this method allows computing the delay of logical paths considering more realistic operating conditions for each cell. Application is given to the analysis of voltage drop effects on timings.
Finite element approach for the modalanalysis of open-boundary waveguides (1994)

A general finite element approach to computing the modes of open-boundary waveguides is presented. This efficient and robust scheme applies equally to situations with real and complex propagation constants. By using a localised boundary impedance condition, the approach preserves the sparsity of the global matrices. A comparison with the well established infinite element technique and the analysis of a 2-D leaky optical structure are given as examples.
Cutting Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Switchgrass in a Short Season Area (1999)

Adapted warm season grasses have potential for both summer forage and biomass production in eastern Canada. A field study was conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the response of switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) cv. Cave‐in‐Rock, Pathfinder, and Sunburst to nitrogen (N) fertilization at 0,75, or 150 kg ha −1 and three harvest schedules in a short season area. The grass was harvested at 4‐ or 6‐wk intervals or left uncut until the end of the season. These treatments were combined in a split‐plot design in each of three blocks on a St. Bernard sandy clay loam (Typic Hapludalf). Herbage yield and herbage N concentration were determined at each harvest for the cutting schedules. Herbage yields revealed a cultivar × N × harvest schedule interaction in 1996, while in 1995 only the two‐way interactions between cultivar × harvest schedule and N × harvest schedule were evident (P < 0.05). Total yield ranking for the harvest regimes was uncut > 6‐wk > 4‐wk with their respective mean yields being 11,10, and 8 Mg ha −1 for Cave‐in‐Rock; 10,8, and 6 Mg ha −1 for Pathfinder and 11,8, and 7 Mg ha −1 for Sunburst. Nitrogen concentrations increased with fertilization and varied with harvest and year, but not with cultivar. Mean N concentrations were 12.4, 13.9, and 15.4 g kg −1 dry matter (DM) for the 0, 75, and 150 kg ha −1 N levels, respectively, under the 4‐wk system. Corresponding values were 10.1, 11.6, and 12.9 g kg −1 for the 6‐wk system. End of season N concentrations for the uncut regime averaged 5.4, 6.0, and 7.6 g kg −1 DM in increasing order of N fertilization. The results indicate that switchgrass has potential in both grazed or hay forage systems in eastern Canada.
[Augmentation of rat liver microsome glutathione S-transferase preparation] (2002)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the augmentation of microsomal glutathione S-transferase (mGST) preparation using simple organic compounds. METHODS: Rat liver microsomes were isolated using both the polyethyleneGlyco 6000 (PEG6000) and Ca(2+) precipitation methods. Next the mGST activity was measured after incubation with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimind (NEM). RESULTS: The baseline mGST activity of rat microsomes was 0.15 after PEG6000 exposure and 0.082 after Ca(2+) precipitation. After NEM treatment mGST activity increased to 1.797 (2.35X) (P<0.01) and 2.375 (4.127X) (P<0.01) respectively followed by purified washing. mGST activation was stimulated maximally by 5-10 mmol/L NEM and occurred rapidly with 1-2 min of co- incubation. CONCLUSION: For both the PEG6000 and Ca(2+) precipitation methods the mGST activity of rat microsomes can be significantly enhanced after exposure to NEM. This enhancement is more prominent with the Ca(2+) precipitation.
Low-stress diamondlike carbon films (1983)

Diamondlike amorphous C films with exceptionally low stress (&lt;108 dyn/cm2) have been prepared by a hybrid process involving bias sputtering with ultrapure C electrodes and plasma decomposition of normal butane. The low stress is believed to be related to the H2 content of the films (&lt;1 at.%). The films have a high density (2.8 g/cm3) and are resistant to wear and abrasion. The films are good dielectrics (ε′=8.8; Q=130; ζ=1.5×1014 Ω ⋅ cm; Ed=3.5×107 V/cm). They are transparent in the visible spectrum and have properties in the infrared that lend themselves to the production of good antireflection coatings. The band gap of the films is about 3.0 eV.
Application of the Two-Way Balanced Amplifier Concept to Wide-Band Power Amplification Using GaAs MESFET's (1980)

An X-band GaAs FET power amplifier has been developed, significantly extending the bandwidth capabilities of such amplifiers reported to date. An output power of 1 W with an associated gain of 7.7 dB was achieved from 7.25 to 12.0 GHz by means of combining the power of two amplifier modules. Each of these modules consist of two balanced submodules cascaded to a two-stage unit. The transistor used in the "two-way balanced amplifier" has gate dimensions of 1000x1 mu m. The technology, RF performance, and characterization of the transistor are discussed in detail, as are the design and performance of both the single-ended and two-way balanced amplifier modules.
Advanced cell structures for dynamic RAMs (1989)

Recent major progress in the area of advanced DRAM cell structures is described, focusing on three-dimensional approaches. Cell design criteria are first outlined. Then a number of structures are discussed, namely, the stacked-capacitor cell, the trench-capacitor cell, the substrate-plate trench-capacitor cell, the dielectrically insulated trench cell, the buried stacked-capacitor cell, the folded-capacitor cell, the isolation-merged vertical-capacitor cell, the buried-capacitor or stacked transistor cell, and the trench transistor cell. Future trends in cell structures are projected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
p53 Abnormalities and Potential Therapeutic Targeting in Multiple Myeloma (2014)

p53 abnormalities are regarded as an independent prognostic marker in multiple myeloma. Patients harbouring this genetic anomaly are commonly resistant to standard therapy. Thus, various p53 reactivating agents have been developed in order to restore its tumour suppressive abilities. Small molecular compounds, especially, have gained popularity in its efficacy against myeloma cells. For instance, promising preclinical results have steered both nutlin-3 and PRIMA-1 into phase I/II clinical trials. This review summarizes different modes of p53 inactivation in myeloma and highlights the current p53-based therapies that are being utilized in the clinic. Finally, we discuss the potential and promise that the novel small molecules possess for clinical application in improving the treatment outcome of myeloma.
Lactate Racemization as a Rescue Pathway for Supplying <scp>d</scp> -Lactate to the Cell Wall Biosynthesis Machinery in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (2005)

Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium that produces d- and l-lactate using stereospecific NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenases (LdhD and LdhL, respectively). However, reduction of glycolytic pyruvate by LdhD is not the only pathway for d-lactate production since a mutant defective in this activity still produces both lactate isomers (T. Ferain, J. N. Hobbs, Jr., J. Richardson, N. Bernard, D. Garmyn, P. Hols, N. E. Allen, and J. Delcour, J. Bacteriol. 178:5431-5437, 1996). Production of d-lactate in this species has been shown to be connected to cell wall biosynthesis through its incorporation as the last residue of the muramoyl-pentadepsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor. This particular feature leads to natural resistance to high concentrations of vancomycin. In the present study, we show that L. plantarum possesses two pathways for d-lactate production: the LdhD enzyme and a lactate racemase, whose expression requires l-lactate. We report the cloning of a six-gene operon, which is involved in lactate racemization activity and is positively regulated by l-lactate. Deletion of this operon in an L. plantarum strain that is devoid of LdhD activity leads to the exclusive production of l-lactate. As a consequence, peptidoglycan biosynthesis is affected, and growth of this mutant is d-lactate dependent. We also show that the growth defect can be partially restored by expression of the d-alanyl-d-alanine-forming Ddl ligase from Lactococcus lactis, or by supplementation with various d-2-hydroxy acids but not d-2-amino acids, leading to variable vancomycin resistance levels. This suggests that L. plantarum is unable to efficiently synthesize peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-alanine and that the cell wall biosynthesis machinery in this species is specifically dedicated to the production of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-lactate. In this context, the lactate racemase could thus provide the bacterium with a rescue pathway for d-lactate production upon inactivation or inhibition of the LdhD enzyme.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters Useful in the Food Industry (1990)

Enzyme reactions are very attractive in food technology because they can be carried out under mild conditions and without toxic solvents and other catalysts. Lipases can esterify various alcohols with fatty acids. There are opportunities to synthesize useful compounds with special functions as food materials by using the catalytic function of lipase. Reverse micellar systems are discussed as reaction systems for lipases in organic solvents, especially in triacylglycerol synthesis using phosphatidylcholine as the surfactant. Syntheses of some amphiphilic substances including O-acyl-L-homoserine are also discussed.
Pharmacological therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis (2001)

Non-pharmacological interventions are the first-line therapy for osteoarthritis. If non-pharmacological therapy fails, paracetamol (up to 4 g daily) should be added. If paracetamol fails, the patient's risk factors for gastrointestinal and renal disease should be assessed. In patients with gastrointestinal risk factors, a COX-2-specific inhibitor (CSI) would be used in preference to a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). In patients with renal risk factors, NSAIDs and CSIs should be used with care. In patients who continue to have problems, other treatments should be considered; these might include intra-articular hyaluronan or depot corticosteroid, analgesia or glucosamine.
How Charles Nicolle of the Pasteur Institute discovered that epidemic typhus is transmitted by lice: reminiscences from my years at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. (1996)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Universal base analogues and their applications in DNA sequencing technology (2013)

Universal base analogues are an important class of compounds which pair with all natural bases without discrimination. Since 1990s, a variety of compounds known as universal bases, including hypoxanthine, nitroazoles, isocarbostyril analogues, azole carboxamides and aromatic triazole analogues have been developed and employed in degenerate PCR primers, microarray probes, ligation and triplexes. There are a number of excellent reviews on the applications of universal base analogues in biochemistry and molecular biology, but their use in DNA sequencing has been overlooked, which was the original impetus for the authors to develop universal bases. In this manuscript, the status quo of universal base analogues and their applications in DNA sequencing are discussed, including Sanger sequencing, sequencing by hybridization, sequencing by ligation and sequencing by recognition tunneling. This should be of interest to those working in DNA sequencing technologies, molecular recognition and molecular biology.