gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 5. .DELTA.6a,10a,-Tetrahydrocannabinol and heterocyclic analogs containing aromatic side chains (1976)

Ten new delta6a,10a-THC analogs with arylalkyl side chains, one with a dimethylaminoalkyl side chain, and six heterocyclic delta6a,10a-THC analogs [8-substituted 5,5-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2-(2-propynyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-[1]benzo-pyrano[4,3-c]pyridines] were prepared. They showed pharmacological activity as analgesics, tranquilizers, antihypertensives, and hypnotics and as antisecretory, antiulcer, and antidiarrheal agents. The most potent compounds had either a 1-methyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl or a 1,2-dimethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl side chain.
Occurrence of Trihalomethanes in Tap Waters of Niigata Prefecture. (1992)

Trihalomethanes (THMs) in 26 tap waters of 20 cities in Niigata Prefecture were measured both in 1989 summer and in 1990 winter (February). The maximum, minimum and average were 39.2 (ug/1), 0.9 and 18.0, respectively in 1989 summer, and 17.7, 0.8 and 7.7, respectively in 1990 winter. THMs levels were clearly classified according to raw water source, water purification method and chlorination point. The highest level of THMs was found in waters produced by the rapid sand filtration of surface water with pre-chlorination, followed by that with intermediateor post-chlorination, and the slow sand filtration of surface water or the direct supply of groundwater. The tap waters of Gosen City and Murakami City, which THMs were so low in quantity, were found to be polluted continuously with a small amount of organic solvents.
Luminal P2Y2 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Na+ Absorption in Isolated Perfused Mouse CCD (2002)

Extracellular nucleotides regulate renal transport. A luminal P2Y2 receptor in mouse cortical collecting duct (CCD) principal cells has been demonstrated elsewhere. Herein the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) on electrogenic Na+ absorption in perfused CCD of mice kept on a low-NaCl diet were investigated. Simultaneously, transepithelial voltage (V(te)), transepithelial resistance (R(te)), and fura-2 [Ca2+]i fluorescence were measured. Baseline parameters were V(te), -16.5 +/- 1.2 mV; R(te), 80.8 +/- 7.1 Omega cm2; and equivalent short-circuit current (I(sc)), -261.0 +/- 25.1 microA/cm2 (n = 45). Amiloride (10 microM) almost completely inhibited I(sc) to -3.9 +/- 3.8 microA/cm2 (n = 10). Luminal ATP (100 microM) reduced V(te) from -16.5 +/- 2.1 to -12.5 +/- 1.93 and increased R(te) from 113.1 +/- 16.2 to 123.8 +/- 16.7 Omega cm2, which resulted in a 31.7% inhibition of amiloride-sensitive I(sc) (n = 12). Similarly, luminal UTP reversibly reduced V(te) from -22.0 +/- 2.1 to -13.6 +/- 2.1 mV and increased R(te) from 48.4 +/- 5.3 to 59.2 +/- 7.1 Omega cm2, which resulted in 49.1% inhibition of Na+ absorption (n = 6). In parallel, luminal ATP and UTP elevated [Ca2+]i in CCD, increasing the fura-2 ratio by 2.7 +/- 0.7 and 4.0 +/- 1.2, respectively. Basolateral ATP and UTP (100 microM) also inhibited amiloride-sensitive I(sc) by 21.8 (n = 14) and 20.1% (n = 8), respectively. Inhibition of luminal nucleotide-induced [Ca2+]i increase by Ca2+ store depletion with cyclopiazonic acid (3 microM) did not affect nucleotide-mediated inhibition of Na+ transport (n = 7). No evidence indicated the activation of a luminal Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance, a phenomenon previously shown in M-1 CCD cells (J Physiol 524: 77-99, 2000). In essence, these data indicate that luminal ATP and UTP, most likely via P2Y2 receptors, mediate inhibition of amiloride-sensitive I(sc) in perfused mouse CCD. This inhibition appears to occurs independently of an increase of cytosolic Ca2+.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Protocatechualdehyde Isolated from Phellinus gilvus (2011)

Although various biological activities of Phellinus gilvus (PG) have been reported, the active compounds responsible for these effects are not known. Here, we evaluated the activity of various solvent extracts of PG, and found the ethyl acetate extract (Fd) to be the most active fraction, showing a strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and COX-2 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Six major compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of PG, and protocatechualdehyde (PCA) was supposed to be the major phenolic compound of PG responsible for its DPPH free radical scavenging activity and its inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are currently underway to confirm this observation and to investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in the process as well as the biological activities of other fractions of Fd.
Pilgrim: a debugger for distributed systems (2021)

Pilgrim is a source level debugger for concurrent CLU programs which execute in a distributed environment. It integrates conventional debugging facilities with features for debugging remote procedure calls and critical region based process interactions. Pilgrim is unusual in that it functions on programs in the target environment under conditions of actual use. This has caused a trade-off between providing rich and detailed information to the programmer and avoiding any unwanted alteration to the computation being debugged. Another complication is debugging one client of a network server while avoiding interference with the server’s other clients. A successful methodology for this case requires assistance from the server itself.
A New Mouse Model for Marfan Syndrome Presents Phenotypic Variability Associated with the Genetic Background and Overall Levels of Fbn1 Expression (2010)

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease of connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 encoding gene FBN1. Patients present cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal manifestations, and although being fully penetrant, MFS is characterized by a wide clinical variability both within and between families. Here we describe a new mouse model of MFS that recapitulates the clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome in humans. Heterozygotes for the mutant Fbn1 allele mgΔloxPneo, carrying the same internal deletion of exons 19-24 as the mgΔ mouse model, present defective microfibrillar deposition, emphysema, deterioration of aortic wall and kyphosis. However, the onset of a clinical phenotypes is earlier in the 129/Sv than in C57BL/6 background, indicating the existence of genetic modifiers of MFS between these two mouse strains. In addition, we characterized a wide clinical variability within the 129/Sv congenic heterozygotes, suggesting involvement of epigenetic factors in disease severity. Finally, we show a strong negative correlation between overall levels of Fbn1 expression and the severity of the phenotypes, corroborating the suggested protective role of normal fibrillin-1 in MFS pathogenesis, and supporting the development of therapies based on increasing Fbn1 expression.
Comparative efficacy of tofisopam and placebo (1979)

Tofisopam is a new agent marketed in Europe as a minor tranquilizer. The authors conducted a 4-week double-blind trial of this drug compared with placebo in 57 outpatients with anxiety and depression. They found that according to physician ratings and patient self-ratings tofisopam was an effective anxiolytic agent for subjects with anxiety and depression. Twenty-one percent of the patients receiving tofisopam and 10% of those receiving placebo reported side effects. The drug was especially effective in the treatment of somatic difficulties.
Structural health monitoring of composite structures using Lamb wave tomography (2004)

Lamb wave tomography offers a new dimension to the challenging field of in situ health monitoring of structures. The possibility of constructing tomograms from a network of sensors generating and sensing Lamb waves in thin, multi-layered, anisotropic composite plates is explored in the present study. It is shown that improved tomograms result when the anisotropic and attenuative characteristics of composite plates are accounted for by (a) using the newly identified energy of the earliest Lamb wave signals as the reconstruction parameter, (b) modifying the sensor configuration from conventional geometries (and thereby also optimizing the number of sensors), and (c) normalizing the Lamb wave energy data of the defective sample with respect to that of the defect-free sample.
Coarsely integrated operand scanning (CIOS) architecture for high-speed Montgomery modular multiplication (2005)

A generic coarsely integrated operand scanning (CIOS) architecture that provides high speed Montgomery modular multiplication is presented in This work. The architecture is capable of supporting varying operand sizes. It achieves a throughput of 210 Mbps, 289 Mbps and 334 Mbps for 128-bit, 256-bit and 512-bit operand sizes respectively, when implemented on a Virtex XC2 VP50 FPGA. Throughputs of up to 400 Mbps are achieved if the final subtraction in the Montgomery algorithm is excluded. To the authors' knowledge this is the fastest Montgomery multiplication architecture reported in the literature.
Optical downconversion from millimeter-wave to IF-band over 50 km-long optical fiber link using an electroabsorption modulator (1999)

Error-free optical downconversion of 40 GHz millimeter (mm)-wave subcarrier multiplexed 156-Mb/s signal to 3 GHz IF-band optical signal at /spl lambda/=1560 nm over 50 km-long nondispersion shifted single-mode-fiber link is experimentally demonstrated by using an electroabsorption modulator but without using any RF mixer. This optical downconversion technique is particularly suitable for the mm-wave radio on-fiber wireless uplink systems because fiber-optic transport of the downconverted IF-band wireless signals can avoid a serious fiber dispersion effect, and low-cost antenna base stations can be realized without any mm-wave active components.
Abundance of encapsulated C60 in single-wall carbon nanotubes (1999)

Spherical objects (presumably C60 molecules) have been observed inside ∼14 Å diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes. We applied acid etching to access the interior of the tubes, and leaching in toluene to dissolve liberated C60. Quantitative UV–Vis of the 335 nm C60 transition establishes beyond doubt that these are indeed C60, and that their relative abundance in a macroscopic sample can be as high as 5.4% (expressed as the filled fraction of total tube length). Variations in abundance with growth and processing conditions provide clues as to how they form.
On-line preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis using monolithic methacrylate polymers (2003)

Monolithic methacrylate polymers have been prepared at the inlet end of a capillary by photoinitiated polymerization and used for preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. The function of the polymer as a preconcentration phase was demonstrated using solutions of S-propranolol. The sample was initially loaded onto the capillary using a high-pressure rinse. After removing unbound sample, the capillary was filled with separation/elution buffer from the outlet end using the electroosmotic flow as a pump (reverse polarity). The sample was desorbed as the separation/elution buffer passed through the polymer and was concentrated into a narrow band. The sample loading and desorption procedure was built into the analysis method thereby making this an on-line preconcentration procedure. A detection limit in the low nanomolar range was achieved for S-propranolol using this polymer for on-line preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis without compromising separation efficiency. The sensitivity enhancement can be improved further by rinsing the sample through the capillary for longer times, up to the saturation point of the polymer.
Randomized clinical trial of perioperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract <i>versus</i> placebo in elective gastrointestinal surgery (2011)

Abstract Background This randomized clinical trial analysed the effect of perioperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in elective gastrointestinal surgery on postoperative infectious complications and leakage. Methods All patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery during a 5-year period were evaluated for inclusion. Randomized patients received either SDD (polymyxin B sulphate, tobramycin and amphotericin) or placebo in addition to standard antibiotic prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was postoperative infectious complications and anastomotic leakage during the hospital stay or 30 days after surgery. Results A total of 289 patients were randomized to either SDD (143) or placebo (146). Most patients (190, 65·7 per cent) underwent colonic surgery. There were 28 patients (19·6 per cent) with infectious complications in the SDD group compared with 45 (30·8 per cent) in the placebo group (P = 0·028). The incidence of anastomotic leakage in the SDD group was 6·3 per cent versus 15·1 per cent in the placebo group (P = 0·016). Hospital stay and mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusion Perioperative SDD in elective gastrointestinal surgery combined with standard intravenous antibiotics reduced the rate of postoperative infectious complications and anastomotic leakage compared with standard intravenous antibiotics alone. Perioperative SD.D should be considered for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Registration number: P02.1187L (Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects).
Serum Response Factor Mediates AP-1-dependent Induction of the Skeletal α-Actin Promoter in Ventricular Myocytes (1996)

"Fetal" gene transcription, including activation of the skeletal alpha-actin (SkA) promoter, is provoked in cardiac myocytes by mechanical stress and trophic ligands. Induction of the promoter by transforming growth factor beta or norepinephrine requires serum response factor (SRF) and TEF-1; expression is inhibited by YY1. We and others postulated that immediate-early transcription factors might couple trophic signals to this fetal program. However, multiple Fos/Jun proteins exist, and the exact relationship between control by Fos/Jun versus SRF, TEF-1, and YY1 is unexplained. We therefore cotransfected ventricular myocytes with Fos, Jun, or JunB, and SkA reporter genes. SkA transcription was augmented by Jun, Fos/Jun, Fos/JunB, and Jun/JunB; Fos and JunB alone were neutral or inhibitory. Mutation of the SRF site, SRE1, impaired activation by Jun; YY1, TEF-1, and Sp1 sites were dispensable. SRE1 conferred Jun activation to a heterologous promoter, as did the c-fos SRE. Deletions of DNA binding, dimerization, or trans-activation domains of Jun and SRF abolished activation by Jun and synergy with SRF. Neither direct binding of Fos/Jun to SREs, nor physical interaction between Fos/Jun and SRF, was detected in mobility-shift assays. Thus, AP-1 factors activate a hypertrophy-associated gene via SRF, without detectable binding to the promoter or to SRF.
Poling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride at room temperature (1984)

The electrical polarization distribution for biaxially oriented polyvinylidene fluoride poled at room temperature was measured by means of the thermal pulse experiment. The evolution of the distribution as a function of poling field and poling time was studied. The resolution was one-tenth the sample thickness. In addition, the sample poled to the highest field was reverse poled to successively higher fields to study the effects of field reversal. The film was found to pole easiest in the middle regions implying a higher coercive field near the surfaces.
Toll-like Receptors 3 and 7 Agonists Enhance Tumor Cell Lysis by Human γδ T Cells (2009)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are considered adjuvants in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the modulation of gammadelta T cell-mediated tumor cell lysis by TLR ligands. gammadelta T-cell cytotoxicity and granzyme A/B production were enhanced after pretreatment of tumor cells with TLR3 [poly(I:C)] or TLR7 ligand (imiquimod). We examined TLR3- and TLR7-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck and lung carcinomas. Poly(I:C) treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinomas followed by coculture with gammadelta T cells resulted in an upregulation of CD54 on the tumor cells. The interaction of CD54 and the corresponding ligand CD11a/CD18 expressed on gammadelta T cells is responsible for triggering effector function in gammadelta T cells. Moreover, treatment with imiquimod downregulated MHC class I molecules on tumor cells possibly resulting in a reduced binding affinity for inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed on gammadelta T cells. These results indicate that TLR3 or TLR7 ligand stimulation of tumor cells enhances the cytotoxic activity of expanded gammadelta T cells of cancer patients in vitro.
Proximate composition of jack fruit seeds (1988)

Les grains des deux cultivars etudies s'averent riches en glucides, proteines et elements mineraux. Implications nutritionnelles
Primary chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil in operable breast carcinoma (2005)

PC with CMF was feasible. A high rate of breast-conservative surgery was achieved. The current results stressed the value of PC to increase conservative surgery and as a predictor of outcome.
High-Sensitivity Gas Sensors Based on Gas-Permeable Liquid Core Waveguides and Long-Path Absorbance Detection (1998)

A new fluoropolymer is proposed as the basis of a novel class of sensors. The devices are based on selective chromogenic reactions and in situ long-path optical absorbance measurement. The polymer is transparent from 200 to 2000 nm and has the lowest known refractive index (RI) of any synthetic polymer. The RI is less than that of water. A tube of this material, filled with an aqueous solution (or virtually any other liquid), behaves as a liquid core optical fiber. As a result, long-path length optical cells are possible without significant loss of light. The material is highly permeable to a number of trace gases of environmental interest. Relative to common poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)-type Teflon, the new amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon AF 2400) is more than 3 orders of magnitude more permeable to many gases. If a Teflon AF tube is filled with a reagent that responds to a gaseous analyte by undergoing a change that is spectroscopically detectable, an unusually versatile, sensitive, and inexpensive gas sensor can be made with conventional optical fibers at each end, connected respectively to an inexpensive light source such as a light-emitting diode and a photodiode detector. A capillary hollow fiber structure allows a high surface-to-volume ratio, allowing high sensitivity, and supports a thin wall, with response times down to subsecond periods. The potential for similar sensors for volatile organic compounds dissolved in water is also demonstrated.
Effects on flowering and seed yield of dominant alleles at maturity loci E2 and E3 in a Japanese cultivar, Enrei (2012)

'Enrei' is the second leading variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan. Its cultivation area is mainly restricted to the Hokuriku region. In order to expand the adaptability of 'Enrei', we developed two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of 'Enrei' for the dominant alleles controlling late flowering at the maturity loci, E2 and E3, by backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. The resultant NILs and the original variety were evaluated for flowering, maturity, seed productivity and other agronomic traits in five different locations. Expectedly, NILs with E2 or E3 alleles flowered later than the original variety in most locations. These NILs produced comparatively larger plants in all locations. Seed yields were improved by E2 and E3 in the southern location or in late-sowing conditions, whereas the NIL for E2 exhibited almost the same or lower productivity in the northern locations due to higher degrees of lodging. Seed quality-related traits, such as 100-seed weight and protein content, were not significantly different between the original variety and its NILs. These results suggest that the modification of genotypes at maturity loci provides new varieties that are adaptive to environments of different latitudes while retaining almost the same seed quality as that of the original.
Synthesis and cardiac electrophysiological activity of 2- and 3-[(substituted phenyl)alkyl]quinuclidines. Structure-activity relationships (1987)

The syntheses and cardiac electrophysiological effects of 21 2- and 3-substituted quinuclidines and some quaternary ammonium derivatives are described. The 2-substituted quinuclidines 2-8 were prepared by alkylation of 2-methylene-3-quinuclidinone. The Wittig reaction with 3-quinuclidinone afforded the 3-substituted derivative 9, which was subsequently converted to 10 and 11. The electrophysiological profiles of the compounds were determined in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle strips. The 3-[(substituted phenyl)alkyl]quinuclidines selectively increased action potential duration (Vaughan Williams class III activity). In the 2-substituted series some of the compounds both increased action potential duration and decreased conduction velocity (class I activity). For some of the 2-substituted quinuclidines, appropriate substitution of the phenyl ring was shown to be a requirement for significant class III electrophysiological activity. Selected compounds were efficacious in a programmed electrical stimulation model in the anesthetized dog.
Multi‐topology routing based egress selection approach to achieve hybrid intra‐AS and inter‐AS traffic engineering (2014)

Summary Hot‐potato routing is a border gateway protocol policy that selects the ‘closest’ egress router in terms of interior gateway protocol cost. This policy imposes inherent interactions between intra‐AS (Autonomous System) and inter‐AS traffic engineering. In light of this observation, we present a hybrid intra‐AS and inter‐AS traffic engineering scheme named egress selection based upon hot potato routing. This scheme involves link weight optimization, which can not only minimize the time that IP (Internet Protocol) packets travel across the network by assigning specified egress router but also balance the load among the internal links of the transit network. Egress selection based upon hot potato routing also incorporates multi‐topology routing technique to address the problem that one set of link weights might not guarantee specified egress routers. Accordingly, we formulate the link weights optimization problem using multi‐topology routing as a mixed integer linear programming model. And we present a new heuristic algorithm to make the problem tractable. Numerical results show that only a few topologies are needed to guarantee specified egress router, and maximum link utilization is also reduced. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colloidal Moderate‐Refractive‐Index Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanospheres as Visible‐Region Nanoantennas with Electromagnetic Resonance and Directional Light‐Scattering Properties (2015)

Moderate-refractive-index dielectric nano-spheres are found to possess strong electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible region. Owing to the overlap of the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, moderate-refractive-index dielectric nanospheres exhibit directional forward scattering at the strongest scattering peak. Such directional scattering is experimentally observed on colloidal Cu2O nanospheres, which are readily prepared through wet-chemistry methods.