gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dynamic channel assignment policy through Q-learning (1999)

One of the fundamental issues in the operation of a mobile communication system is the assignment of channels to cells and to calls. Since the number of channels allocated to a mobile communication system is limited, efficient utilization of these communication channels by using efficient channel assignment strategies is not only desirable but also imperative. This paper presents a novel approach to solving the dynamic channel assignment (DCA) problem by using a form of realtime reinforcement learning known as Q-learning in conjunction with neural network representation. Instead of relying on a known teacher, the system is designed to learn an optimal channel assignment policy by directly interacting with the mobile communication environment. The performance of the Q-learning-based DCA was examined by extensive simulation studies on a 49-cell mobile communication system under various conditions. Comparative studies with the fixed channel assignment (FCA) scheme and one of the best dynamic channel assignment strategies, MAXAVAIL, have revealed that the proposed approach is able to perform better than the FCA in various situations and capable of achieving a performance similar to that achieved by the MAXIAVIAL, but with a significantly reduced computational complexity.
Regulation of the transition from vimentin to neurofilaments during neuronal differentiation (2003)

Vimentin (Vm) is initially expressed by nearly all neuronal precursors in vivo, and is replaced by neurofilaments (NFs) shortly after the immature neurons become post-mitotic. Both Vm and NFs can be transiently detected within the same neurite, and Vm is essential for neuritogenesis at least in culture. How neurons effect the orderly transition from expression of Vm as their predominant intermediate filament to NFs remains unclear. We examined this phenomenon within growing axonal neurites of NB2a/d1 cells. Transfection of cells with a construct expressing Vm conjugated to green fluorescent protein confirmed that axonal transport machinery for Vm persisted following the developmental decrease in Vm, but that the amount undergoing transport decreased in parallel to the observed developmental increase in NF transport. Immunoprecipitation from pulse-chase radiolabeled cells demonstrated transient co-precipitation of newly synthesized NF-H with Vm, followed by increasing co-precipitation with NF-L. Immunofluorescent and immuno-electron microscopic analyses demonstrated that some NF and Vm subunits were incorporated into the same filamentous profiles, but that Vm was excluded from the longitudinally-oriented "bundle" of closely-apposed NFs that accumulates within developing axons and is known to undergo slower turnover than individual NFs. These data collectively suggest that developing neurons are able to replace their Vm-rich cytoskeleton with one rich in NFs simply by down-regulation of Vm expression and upregulation of NFs, coupled with turnover of existing Vm filaments and Vm-NF heteropolymers.
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein protects vascular endothelial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced activation and injury (1994)

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a human neutrophil granule protein, has been shown to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neutralize LPS-mediated cytokine production in adherent monocytes and the whole-blood system. In this study we investigated the ability of recombinant human BPI (rBPI) to inhibit LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and activation. rBPI inhibited significantly both rough and smooth LPS-mediated injury for cultured bovine brain microvessel ECs, as measured by lactic dehydrogenase release, and blocked the LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from human umbilical vein ECs in a dose-dependent manner. BPI was able to inhibit LPS-mediated EC injury or activation whether it was added before or at the same time with LPS, but delaying the time of addition of rBPI resulted only in a partial inhibition. BPI also inhibited LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 release from human whole blood. This inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 release from whole blood was maximal when BPI was premixed with LPS before addition to blood and was partial when BPI was added simultaneously with LPS, but no inhibition was observed when the addition of rBPI was delayed for 5 min. These findings suggest that rBPI is a potent inhibitor of LPS-mediated responses in ECs and whole blood and underscore the potential use of BPI in treatment or prevention of endotoxic shock. In contrast, the anti-lipid A monoclonal antibodies HA-1A and E5 were ineffective in inhibiting LPS-mediated EC injury and activation as well as LPS-induced cytokine release in whole blood.
Gain-of-Function Mutations in the Extracellular Domain of KIT Are Common in Canine Mast Cell Tumors (2008)

In the current study, we examined the types and frequency of KIT mutations in mast cell tumors from 191 dogs. Sequencing of reverse transcription-PCR products revealed alterations in 50 (26.2%) of the dogs. Most mutations were in exon 11 (n = 32), and of these, most were internal tandem duplications (n = 25) between residues 571 and 590. Within exon 11, there were two hotspots for mutations at codons 555-559 and 571-590. In addition, nine dogs had mutations in exon 8 and eight had mutations in exon 9. We selected the two most common mutants and two representative exon 11 mutants for further analysis. When expressed in Ba/F3 cells, they were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and induced growth factor-independent cell proliferation. AG1296, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dose dependently inhibited both the tyrosine phosphorylation of these mutants and their induction of growth factor-independent proliferation. This study shows that activating mutations in not only exon 11 but also exons 8 and 9 are common in canine mast cell tumors. These results also show that Ba/F3 cells can be used for the direct characterization of canine KIT mutants, eliminating the need to make equivalent mutations in the mouse or human genes.
Mutational analysis of human prothymosin α reveals a bipartite nuclear localization signal (1997)

Mutants of human prothymosin alpha with impaired ability to inhibit yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. cerevisiae cell growth were characterized. Two types of prothymosin alpha-inactivating mutations were observed. Mutations that belong to the first type compromised the nuclear entry of prothymosin alpha by affecting its nuclear localization signal. Analysis of subcellular distribution of GFP-prothymosin alpha fusions revealed a bipartite nuclear localization signal that is both necessary and sufficient for nuclear import of the protein in human cells. Mutations of the second type abrogated the inhibitory action of prothymosin alpha through an unknown mechanism, without influencing the nuclear import of the protein.
Cross-Linking of Milk Proteins with Transglutaminase at the Oil−Water Interface (1997)

The influence of covalent cross-linking with transglutaminase on the time-dependent surface shear viscosity of adsorbed milk protein films at the n-tetradecane−water interface has been investigated for sodium caseinate, αs1-casein, β-casein, and β-lactoglobulin. Proteins were adsorbed from 10-3 wt % aqueous solutions at pH 7, and apparent surface viscosities were recorded at 40 °C in the presence of various enzyme concentrations. Results for casein systems showed a rapid enhancement in surface viscoelasticity due to enzymatic cross-linking, with a substantially slower development of surface shear viscosity for αs1-casein than for β-casein. While adsorbed β-lactoglobulin showed less relative increase in surface viscosity than the caseins, the results for β-lactoglobulin showed the presence of a substantial rate of cross-linking of the globular protein in the adsorbed state, whereas in bulk solution β-lactoglobulin was cross-linked only after partial unfolding in the presence of dithiothreitol. A maximum in shear viscosity at relatively short times following addition of a moderately high dose of enzyme was attributed to formation of a highly cross-linked protein film followed by its brittle fracture. Enzymatic cross-linking of protein before exposure to the oil−water interface was found to produce a slower increase in surface viscosity than enzyme addition immediately after interface formation or to the aged protein film. Keywords: Surface shear viscosity; transglutaminase; casein(ate); β-lactoglobulin; protein film; oil−water interface; surface rheology; enzymatic cross-linking
The Quality and Reliability of Intel's Quarter Micron Process (2000)

This paper describes how the quality and reliability of Intel’s products are designed, measured, modeled, and maintained. Four main reliability topics: ESD protection, electromigration, gate oxide wearout, and the modeling and management of mechanical stresses are discussed. Based on an analysis of the reliability implications of device scaling (the process of a planned reduction of dimensions and operating parameters), we show how these four topics are of prime importance to component reliability. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future challenges of energy scaling.
Rosuvastatin: a highly potent statin for the prevention and management of coronary artery disease (2007)

Since the identification of a fungal metabolite that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in 1976, statins have emerged rapidly as the global leader in pharmacotherapeutics designed to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In conjunction, practice guidelines have recommended increasingly aggressive measures to improve coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes by lowering LDL-C. By virtue of unique chemical characteristics, enhanced binding thermodynamics and limited cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism, rosuvastatin calcium has a safety profile in line with currently marketed statins, but a different efficacy profile. Mirroring this chemical profile, the GALAXY program represents a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of rosuvastatin in individuals representing various clinical diagnoses, pathophysiological states and ethnicities. Also results from the Justification for the Use of statins in Primary prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) study could provide further evidence for the use of rosuvastatin in individuals with traditional and emerging CHD risk factors, such as an elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein level. This review will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the chemistry, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of rosuvastatin, and discuss the future role in the management of CHD and atherosclerosis.
A bootstrapping scheme for inter-sensor authentication within sensor networks (2005)

A multi-level μTesla protocol was proposed to enable each sensor to authenticate messages broadcasted from the base station in a sensor network that has N sensors. This authentication is accomplished through symmetric keys, chained by a one-way hash function, where the first key is pre-installed in each sensor. A sensor using such a protocol to authenticate messages broadcasted from nearby sensors needs to pre-install the first keys of all nearby sensors. Unfortunately, sensors may be spread randomly over a surface and a sensor does not know which sensors will be nearby. Thus, each sensor is forced to pre-install the first keys of (N-1) sensors, where N (between thousands and millions) is large enough to explode sensor memory space. This paper proposes a new bootstrapping scheme where each sensor needs to pre-install only one key.
Planificación turística y desarrollo local: La aplicación del Método Destino Turístico Sostenible. (2017)

El turismo constituye uno de los sectores clave para la economia espanola y en la actualidad representa en
torno al 10,9% del PIB. En 2016, el numero de turistas alcanza los 75 millones, lo que supone un incremento
del 10,6% respecto a 2015.
Conscientes del peso que el sector tiene en la economia espanola, la Secretaria de Estado de Turismo pone en
marcha en 2012 el Plan Nacional e Integral de Turismo (PNIT) 2012-2015, destinado a impulsar la
competitividad de las empresas y destinos espanoles. A traves del marco del PNIT se diseno y ejecuto la
actuacion «Elaboracion del Metodo Destino Turistico Sostenible», una metodologia que pone a disposicion de los
destinos turisticos un conjunto de herramientas de diagnostico y planificacion destinados a mejorar la
sostenibilidad de su modelo de desarrollo turistico.
Inicialmente aplicado en la isla de Menorca a modo de piloto, el Metodo Destino Turistico ha sido puesto en
practica en 2016 en los municipios de Cazorla (Jaen) y Siguenza (Guadalajara), dos destinos turisticos
consolidados de pequeno tamano en los cuales se ha desarrollado un trabajo de analisis y planificacion
estrategica para la mejora del modelo de desarrollo turistico bajo criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental, social y
economica.
Re-intervention percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a patient with left atrial appendage thrombus: a case report (2022)

The presence of LA clot and mitral re-stenosis in a previously intervened valve are considered unfavourable characteristics for a PBMV procedure, and patients are usually advised surgical intervention. These patients are also high-risk candidates for surgery due to late presentation with advanced disease and poor functional capacity. Our patient underwent successful re-intervention with PBMV despite having suboptimal characteristics.
Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon (2005)

A series of biogeochemical studies were conducted at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Using the submersible DSV Alvin , sediment push cores were collected from two distinct seep environments characterized by the presence of clam fields (CF) or microbial mats (MM) at the sediment‐water interface; samples were also collected from a nearby reference site characterized by a barren surface at the sediment‐water interface. Sediment samples from each setting were analyzed for the depth distributions of total organic carbon (concentrations, δ 13 C and Δ 14 C), total sedimentary nitrogen, and microbial abundance. Pore fluids were extracted and analyzed for sulfate, alkalinity, sulfide, organic carbon, and volatile organic acids. These depth distributions clearly indicate the presence of three distinctive biogeochemical settings in the surface sediments of Hydrate Ridge, and provide the basis for a comparative biogeochemical analysis. Both CF and MM sites display properties indicating enhanced microbial activity in the subsurface, compared with the reference site. MM sites display evidence of net biomass production in the subsurface; however, a loss of sediment nitrogen relative to the reference site indicates that mineralization is also enhanced. Calculations based on the removal of nitrogen indicate that greater than 30% of autochthonous organic material is lost to enhanced mineralization in the top 23 cm of one MM site. An isotope mass balance of sediment‐bound organic carbon indicates a mixed source, including methane and allochthonous organic carbon dissolved in the seep fluids. The concentrations of organic carbon dissolved in seep fluids reach values of 22 mM and provide a first indication that advective transport of dissolved organic carbon from great depth may supply an important source of energy and carbon to “methane seep” communities.
Differences in Drug Metabolism Polymorphism Between Orientals and Caucasians (1990)

(1990). Differences in Drug Metabolism Polymorphism Between Orientals and Caucasians. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 451-475.
User Authentication using Leap Motion (2017)

There is a rising interest in non-touch human-computer interaction and enhanced user authentication. We think that the hand gesture will play an important role in non-touch HCI and that it will be requested to reinforce user authentication associated with the hand. In this paper, we propose a novel method to authenticate each user by recognizing his/her hand with Leap motion. We get the reference and test data about three dimensional positions of finger joints by letting users put his/her hand over Leap motion. We identify and verify a user by comparing the intra-digit and inter-digit feature values calculated from the three dimensional coordinates of finger joints. Twenty persons have participated as examinees in our experiments and we have measured the hand of each user 30 times. The experimental results show that we can get the identification rate 84.65% based on only distances between joints as intra-digit features. This implies that hand biometrics such as distances and angles between finger joints can be used to authenticate the user who interacts with computing devices using hand gestures.
Endometrial cancer chemoprevention: Implications of diverse pathways of carcinogenesis (1995)

Endometrial cancers may be divided into two groups, reflecting differences in clinical behavior and pathogenesis. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which accounts for the majority of endometrial cancers, typifies the group of endometrial carcinomas that develop from atypical endometrial hyperplasia in the setting of excess estrogenic stimulation. In contrast, serous carcinomas are representative of endometrial tumors that occur in older women who have endometrial atrophy and lack the typical endometrial cancer risk factors reflecting unopposed estrogen exposure. Serous carcinomas are frequently associated with p53 abnormalities and appear to develop from a surface lesion termed endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma. Although serous carcinomas are rare, these highly aggressive tumors account for a disproportionate number of endometrial cancer deaths. Further delineation of the estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent pathways of endometrial carcinogenesis may be useful in developing comprehensive chemopreventive approaches for endometrial cancer.
Visual illustrations of microwave holographic beamforming using a modulated surface-impedance metamaterial (2013)

We demonstrate the use of a metamaterial to transition between a guided surface mode and a designed radiative aperture distribution. Plots of the field distribution at incremental distances removed from the aperture plane illustrate the transformation from the reference mode to the designed radiative aperture field - in this case a localized plane-wave mode which produces a pencil beam at one angle.
Compressive stress–strain response of covalently crosslinked oxidized‐alginate/N‐succinyl‐chitosan hydrogels (2011)

Novel injectable hydrogels have been formed at 37°C under physiological pH using a polymer-polymer crosslinking reaction. Three different formulations were tested. After 1-day cure time at body temperature, the elastic modulus of unswollen samples ranged between 3 and 5 kPa but after 11 additional days at 4°C exceeded the target modulus of 10 kPa. Modulus data showed good agreement with theoretical crosslink density, enabling the prediction of stiffer/faster curing gel formulations. Rubber elasticity theory provided a good fit to the experimental data up to 73% compressive true strain. Based on an analysis of modulus results, it was inferred that despite the presence of two aldehyde functional groups, only one mechanically significant crosslink can form per oxidized repeat unit on the alginate chain.
Characterization of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2- <i>C</i> -Methyl- <scp>d</scp> -Erythritol Synthase: Potential for Drug Development (2007)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate and its isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate, precursors of all isoprenoid compounds. This pathway is of interest as a source of new drug targets, as it is absent from humans and disruption of the responsible genes has shown a lethal phenotype for Escherichia coli. In the MEP pathway, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol is formed from 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and CTP in a reaction catalyzed by a 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase (IspD). In the present work, we demonstrate that Rv3582c is essential for M. tuberculosis: Rv3582c has been cloned and expressed, and the encoded protein has been purified. The purified M. tuberculosis IspD protein was capable of catalyzing the formation of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol in the presence of MEP and CTP. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range (pH 6.0 to 9.0), with peak activity at pH 8.0. The activity was absolutely dependent upon divalent cations, with 20 mM Mg2+ being optimal, and replacement of CTP with other nucleotide 5'-triphosphates did not support activity. Under the conditions tested, M. tuberculosis IspD had Km values of 58.5 microM for MEP and 53.2 microM for CTP. Calculated kcat and kcat/Km values were 0.72 min(-1) and 12.3 mM(-1) min(-1) for MEP and 1.0 min(-1) and 18.8 mM(-1) min(-1) for CTP, respectively.
Radio frequency sputter deposition and properties of calcium fluoride thin films (1993)

Calcium fluoride thin films have been deposited on various substrates by radio frequency sputtering of a hot-pressed CaF2 target in a pure argon plasma using load-locked sputtering equipment. The sputtering power was less than 100 W to avoid crack formation and fracture of the target. As a result, the maximum deposition rate of films was only 2.1 nm/min. The films analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) were found to be fluorine deficient; depending on the deposition conditions, the content of oxygen atoms incorporated in the films can be as low as the RBS detection limit of 2 at. %. The crystallographic structure of the deposited material was identified to be a CaF2 fluorite phase by x-ray diffraction technique; this phase was preferentially oriented in the (111) direction for films of 0.4–0.5 μm in thickness. This preferred orientation vanished with increasing film thickness. Films of 2.5 μm in thickness were slightly (110) oriented. The sputter-deposited CaFx films (with x≤1.85) exhibited compressive residual stresses. The apparent Knoop hardness of the films deposited on silicon substrates (harder than CaF2) and measured under a load of 10 and 20 g was about 3500 MPa, i.e., twice the hardness of the bulk CaF2 compound. The surface and cross-section morphology of CaFx films was examined by scanning electron microscopy. These films were resistant to oxidation in air at 500 °C. Tribological characteristics of CaFx films sputter-deposited on cobalt-based alloy disks were determined by pin-on-disk tests. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of these films sliding against Cr–C coated pin specimens in air at 500 °C were found to be encouraging. These films are potential candidates to serve as solid lubricant films for precision components (ball bearings) operating at high temperatures in oxidizing ambient.
Pretreatment and usage of pulp and paper industry residues for fuels production and their energetic potential. (2012)

This paper gives an overview about Pulp and Paper Industry (PPI) residues, their properties and some solutions for converting those materials into fuels. The main leftovers are bark, sludge of aerobic digestion, primary floto sediment (PFS) and pulp rejects (PR). PFS and PR after applying dewatering (press fluids) have considerable biogas potential. Bark and press cake of PR are a good resource for briquetting. Ethanol potentials of bark and PR cake are presented.