gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma and the Basal Phenotype: From Expression Profiling to Clinical Practice (2007)

Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) are a group of primary breast tumors with aggressive clinical behavior. Most TNBCs possess a basal phenotype (BP) and show varying degrees of basal cytokeratin and myoepithelial marker expression. The importance of recognizing these tumors came to light largely as the result of gene expression profiling studies that categorized breast cancer into 3 major groups. Two of these groups are defined by their respective expression of estrogen receptor and HER2. TNBCs represent a third group and are defined by negativity for hormone receptors and HER2. TNBCs currently lack effective targeted therapies and are frequently resistant to standard chemotherapeutic regimens. These tumors tend to occur in premenopausal women and members of specific ethnic groups and a subset are associated with heritable BRCA1 mutations. For patients with sporadic TNBCs and BP tumors, BRCA1 dysfunction seems to play a major role in the development and progression of disease. The pathologist's role in the diagnosis and characterization of TNBCs and BP tumors is currently being defined as we are acquiring knowledge of the biologic and genetic underpinnings that drive this heterogeneous group of diseases. This review will provide a historical prospective on TNBCs and tumors that express basal cytokeratins and myoepithelial makers. Additionally, we will discuss the molecular biologic, genetic and pathologic aspects of these tumors. Guidelines will be provided on how to best approach the diagnosis of these cases and on what input pathologists should provide clinicians to help develop optimal therapeutic and preventative strategies against this aggressive group of breast cancers.
Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin Resuscitation Improves Cerebral Perfusion after Head Injury and Shock (1996)

These data suggest that DCLHb is beneficial in the early resuscitation of head injury and shock and that further investigation is warranted. Key Words: Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin, Head injury, Shock, Cerebral perfusion pressure.
Breeding Biology of Wood Ducks Using Natural Cavities in Southern Illinois (1998)

Daniel C. Ryan, Robert J. Kawula, Robert J. Gates, Breeding Biology of Wood Ducks Using Natural Cavities in Southern Illinois, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1998), pp. 112-123
Three Generations of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Spacecraft (2016)

The current Tracking and Data Relay Satellite configuration consists of nine in-orbit satellites (four first generation, three second generation and two third generation satellites) globally distributed in geosynchronous orbit to provide near continuous data relay service to missions like Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station. The 1st generation spacecraft were designed by TRW/Northrop Grumman with their launches of the five spacecraft ranging from 1983 through 1995. The 2nd and 3rd generation spacecraft were designed by Boeing with their launches ranging 2000 - 2002 and 2013 - 2017 respectively. TDRS-3 is now 27 years on orbit, continues to be a capable asset for the TDRS constellation. Lack of need for inclination control combined with large fuel reserves and redundancy on critical elements provides spacecraft that operate well past design life, all of which contributes to expanded TDRS constellation support capabilities. All spacecraft generations have issues. Significant issues will be summarized with the focus on the Boeing related problems. Degradations and failures are continually assessed and provide the foundation for yearly updates to spacecraft reliability models, constellation service projections and deorbit plans (in order to meet NASAs mandate of limiting orbital debris). Even when accounting for degradations and failures, the life expectancy for the Boeing delivered 2nd generation TDRS-8, 9 10 TDRS are anticipated to be 25+ years.
Effects of the Design Parameters of Suspension Systems on the Bounce of Electric Trains (2008)

A two degree-of-freedom model for the bogie and car body of an EMU(Electrical Multiple Unit) was implemented on the basis of the experimental data which was actually measured during the running test of an EMU. The air spring of the EMU was modeled using Nishimura's air spring model to accommodate viscoelastic characteristics. Numerical simulation for the variation of th e design parameters of the suspension system shows that reduction of the stiffness of the air spring by decreasing the internal pressure of the air tank or increasing the size of the auxiliary tank can reduce the bounce of the car body within the stability range of the suspension system.
Properties of the UD-1 Deep-Level Center in 4H-SiC (2002)

Results from absorption measurements in semi-insulating 4H-SiC HTCVD-grown substrates show that the infrared absorption spectra is dominated by the UD-1 defect. The UD-1 spectrum has two sharp line ...
NOVALIS FRAMELESS IMAGE-GUIDED NONINVASIVE RADIOSURGERY (2008)

This initial evaluation demonstrates the system accuracy and feasibility of Novalis image-guided noninvasive radiosurgery for intracranial benign and malignant lesions.
Shape-Memory and Shape-Changing Polymers (2013)

This article is a perspective that introduces several review articles in the field of shape-memory and shape-changing polymers. It is intended to emphasize the versatility of these materials as active, smart polymers as well as highlight the potential impact of these materials. The biomedical device industry commonly attracts these materials; however, examples for non-biomedical applications, such as origami structures and their recent attention are also discussed.
Quantification of Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions on the Building/Street Scale for a Large U.S. City (2012)

In order to advance the scientific understanding of carbon exchange with the land surface, build an effective carbon monitoring system, and contribute to quantitatively based U.S. climate change policy interests, fine spatial and temporal quantification of fossil fuel CO(2) emissions, the primary greenhouse gas, is essential. Called the "Hestia Project", this research effort is the first to use bottom-up methods to quantify all fossil fuel CO(2) emissions down to the scale of individual buildings, road segments, and industrial/electricity production facilities on an hourly basis for an entire urban landscape. Here, we describe the methods used to quantify the on-site fossil fuel CO(2) emissions across the city of Indianapolis, IN. This effort combines a series of data sets and simulation tools such as a building energy simulation model, traffic data, power production reporting, and local air pollution reporting. The system is general enough to be applied to any large U.S. city and holds tremendous potential as a key component of a carbon-monitoring system in addition to enabling efficient greenhouse gas mitigation and planning. We compare the natural gas component of our fossil fuel CO(2) emissions estimate to consumption data provided by the local gas utility. At the zip code level, we achieve a bias-adjusted Pearson r correlation value of 0.92 (p < 0.001).
Magneto-optical garnet waveguides on semiconductor platforms: Magnetics, mechanics, and photonics (2011)

Garnet films with thicknesses of 100–1000 nm and waveguides with widths of 700–2000 nm were grown onto Si to characterize the mechanical stresses that occurred upon crystallization (700–800 °C) by rapid thermal annealing. These magneto-optical garnet films and also photonic crystals have proposed uses in magnetic flux indicator films, integrated photonic devices, such as isolators, circulators, and polarization transformers, because their Verdet constants per unit loss are orders of magnitude better than other magneto-optical materials. However, garnet does not match Si-based materials mechanically with thermal expansion coefficients of 10.4 ppm/°C. These waveguides were optimized to have low losses in the near infrared, including the telecommunication wavelengths (1.0–2.3 dB/mm at 1.3 μm and 0.9–1.7 at 1.55 μm). The waveguide losses increased with waveguide width. Finite difference time domain simulations were used to estimate the number, effective index, and profile of modes in each guide. The polarization and localization of modes near guide surfaces effectively explain the trend in losses versus width. With Faraday rotations of 0.2 dB/μm and 1.0 dB/mm loss, this integrated garnet has great potential for a multitude of photonic devices, including isolators, circulators, and mode converters.
Melt fracture of two broad molecular weight distribution high‐density polyethylenes (2011)

Abstract The melt fracture instabilities of two broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) high‐density polyethylenes (one Ziegler–Natta and one metallocene HDPEs) are studied as functions of the temperature and geometrical details and type of die (cylindrical, slit, and annular). It is found that sharkskin and other melt fracture phenomena are distinctly different for these resins, despite their almost identical rheology. It is also found that the critical conditions for the onset of various melt fracture phenomena depend significantly on the type of die used for their study. For example, sharkskin melt fracture in slit and capillary extrusion was obtained at much small critical shear stress values compared with those found in annular extrusion. Moreover, the metallocene HDPE shows significant slip at the die wall in the sharkskin flow regime. On the other hand, the Ziegler–Natta HDPE has shown no sign of slip. These differences are discussed on the basis of differences in their MWDs that influence their melt elasticity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dexamethasone Ocular Hypertension and Eosinopenia, and Glucose Tolerance Test (1967)

The eosinopenic effect of the intramuscular administration of 11μg/kg of dexamethasone failed to exhibit significant heterogeneity or to demonstrate any significant relationship with the dexamethasone induced ocular hypertensive response when the two responses were compared in 54 subjects. The fasting blood sugar level as well as the glycemic and glycosuric responses following oral ingestion of 75 gm of glucose were found to differ markedly in the three genotypes that reflect the magnitude of the dexamethasone induced ocular hypertension. The glycemia was higher, the glycosuria and the unsuspected clinical diabetes were more frequent in individuals classified as having a PH gene; these effects were more frequent in PHPH than in PLPH. It is hypothesized that the allele pair PL-PH is on of the genetic determinants of diabetes.
Power Injection of Contrast Media Using Central Venous Catheters (2001)

Power injection of contrast media through central venous catheters for CT examinations is feasible and safe when set hospital guidelines and injection protocols are followed. This technique provides an acceptable alternative in patients without adequate peripheral IV access when bolus contrast enhancement is desired.
A Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Binder for Particleboard Part 1. Thermal Characteristics (1992)

On a etudie par calorimetrie differentielle a balayage la cinetique de durcissement de melanges lignine-phenol-formaldehyde. Les lignines utilisees etaient des residus de l'extraction de furfural de la bagasse. On a remplace jusqu'a 40% de la resine phenol-formaldehyde par de la lignine. On a ajuste la formulation de la resine PF pour tenir compte de l'augmentation de viscosite due a l'addition de lignine.
Planar UWB antenna with multi‐slotted ground plane (2011)

Abstract A planar antenna with a multi‐slotted ground plane has been proposed for UWB applications. The compact antenna having a total size of 30 × 22 mm 2 consists of a square patch and a partial ground plane. The rectangular slots on the top side of the ground plane help to increase the bandwidth. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) ranges from 2.57 to 16.72 GHz. Details of the proposed antenna and measured results are presented and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:966–968, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25950
4E-BP3, a New Member of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E-binding Protein Family (1998)

Translation initiation in eukaryotes is mediated by the cap structure (m7GpppN, where N is any nucleotide) present at the 5' end of all cellular mRNAs, except organellar. The cap is recognized by eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), which consists of three polypeptides, including eIF4E, the cap-binding protein subunit. The interaction of the cap with eIF4E facilitates the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA. eIF4E activity is regulated in part by two translational repressors, 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2, which bind to it and prevent its assembly into eIF4F. We report here the isolation of 4E-BP3, a new member of the 4E-BP family. 4E-BP3 is homologous to 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2, exhibiting 57 and 59% identity, respectively. The homology is most striking in the middle region of the protein, which contains the eIF4E binding motif and residues that are phosphorylated in 4E-BP1. 4E-BP3 is a heat stable protein that binds to eIF4E in vitro as well as in vivo. Further, 4E-BP3 overexpression specifically reduces eIF4E-dependent translation. The overlapping function and expression of the different 4E-BP family members imply that there is redundancy in this translational control mechanism, underscoring its importance.
Parallel Reproducible Summation (2014)

Reproducibility, i.e. getting bitwise identical floating point results from multiple runs of the same program, is a property that many users depend on either for debugging or correctness checking in many codes [10]. However, the combination of dynamic scheduling of parallel computing resources, and floating point nonassociativity, makes attaining reproducibility a challenge even for simple reduction operations like computing the sum of a vector of numbers in parallel. We propose a technique for floating point summation that is reproducible independent of the order of summation. Our technique uses Rump's algorithm for error-free vector transformation [7], and is much more efficient than using (possibly very) high precision arithmetic. Our algorithm reproducibly computes highly accurate results with an absolute error bound of n · 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-28</sup> macheps maxiIviI at a cost of 7n FLOPs and a small constant amount of extra memory usage. Higher accuracies are also possible by increasing the number of error-free transformations. As long as all operations are performed in to-nearest rounding mode, results computed by the proposed algorithms are reproducible for any run on any platform. In particular, our algorithm requires the minimum number of reductions, i.e. one reduction of an array of six double precision floating point numbers per sum, and hence is well suited for massively parallel environments.
Medulloblastoma: From Molecular Pathology to Therapy (2008)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of central nervous system in children. Patients affected by medulloblastoma may be categorized as high-risk and standard-risk patients, based on the clinical criteria and histologic features of the disease. Currently, multimodality treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is considered as the most effective strategy against these malignant cerebellar tumors of the childhood. Despite the potential poor outcomes of these lesions, the 5-year survival stands, at present, at 70% to 80% for standard-risk patients, whereas high-risk patients have a 5-year survival of 55% to 76%. Attempts to further reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with medulloblastoma have been restricted by the toxicity of conventional treatments and the infiltrative nature of the disease. Over the past decade, new discoveries in molecular biology have revealed new insights in signaling pathways regulating medulloblastoma tumor formation. Recent advances in the molecular biology of medulloblastoma indicate that the classification of these embryonal tumors, solely based on histology and clinical criteria, may not be adequate enough. Better understanding of the growth control mechanisms involved in the development and progression of medulloblastoma will allow a better classification, leading to the improvement of the existing therapies, as well as to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
CE4: Concurrent Engineering of Product, Process, Facility, and Organization (1996)

We argue in this paper that Concurrent Engineering of Product, Process, Facility, and Organization (CE4) is now both possible and beneficial As quality has started to become a commodity, time to market has become the major issue for many kinds of businesses In some industries such as semiconductors in which product and process development have become rapid and competitive, developing the factory and bringing it on-line have started to become bottleneck steps in the product development cycle CE4 extends the tradition of concurrent engineer ing of product and manufacturing process it is now possible to start to design the product, manufacturing process, manufacturing facility, and the managing organization simultaneously Like traditional concurrent design of product and manufacturing process (CE2), CE4 probably de pends primarily on setting the management objective and providing the management support However, CE4 can build on a number of technical foundations symbolic product and process models, support for extensive coordination among design professionals doing product, process, faci lity, and organization design, and analytical tools to allow designers to do what-if studies of their individual land integrated designs Engineers now routinely use some of these analytical tools, such as simulation models of devices, processes, buildings, and facilities We suggest adding organizational analysis tools, integrating all of these tools, and using them concurrently We suggest that benefits of CE4 will include significantly improved time to market and potentially improved product cost and quality
Third World Militaries and Politics: An Introductory Essay (1982)

Ball, N. Third World Militaries and Politics: An Introductory Essay. Cooperation and Conflict, XVII, 1982, 41-60. The involvement of militaries in the political process in third world countries has increased during the last three decades. At the same time, developing countries have continued to be confronted with very serious social and economic problems, and the attainment of self-reliant development remains an elusive goal. To understand the role played by organized force in the development process, it is necessary to understand the distribution of economic and political power within a society and how the military as one group of societal élites, albeit a particularly powerful group, fits into this structure. The distinction between civilian and military regimes is increasingly difficult to make. Very few military officers can rule without civilian assistance and many civilian rulers require the backing of the military or allow the military to have influence over the policy-making process. This paper looks at four broad groups within society which benefit the most by some degree of military involvement in the economic and political life of a country: domestic civilian groups, the military as an institution, individuals within the military, and foreign powers. Some of the major reasons why each of these groups favors a political and economic role for the military and how their interests coincide will be outlined. The ability of the military to control social and economic change through its monopoly over the use of force is pointed out, and it is suggested that self-reliant development can never occur as long as militaries continue to be involved in the governing process.
Applications of Motion Analysis System Measuring Micro-Movements in Three-Dimensional Space (2009)

This paper presents the development of a novel application using motion analysis techniques to measure tooth movement in 3D space. Measuring the relative displacements of teeth under load allows a greater understanding of the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Two marker clusters were fixed onto the measured tooth and the reference tooth via orthodontic brackets and movements were captured using two 60 Hz infrared motion camera units. Software was developed to calculate 3D tooth displacements and rotations. The system accuracy (i.e. percentage of maximum absolute error in range/measurement range), in the 20-200 mum ranges, was plusmn1.17%, plusmn1.67% and plusmn1.31% for the diamond markers in x, y and z directions, while the system accuracy for the spherical markers was plusmn1.81%, plusmn2.37% and plusmn1.39%. The system repeatability (i.e. maximum standard deviation in the measurement range) measured under the different days, light intensity and temperatures for five times, carried out step up and then step down measurements for the same step size, was plusmn1.7 mum, plusmn2.3 mum and plusmn1.9 mum for the diamond markers, and plusmn2.6 mum, plusmn3.9 mum and plusmn1.9 mum for the spherical markers in x, y and z directions, respectively. The system resolution was 10 mum. These results demonstrate that the motion analysis system can measure micro-displacement accurately such as tooth displacement and could potentially be useful in many other applications.
High Incidence of Malignant Transformation of Laryngeal Papilloma in Taiwan (2008)

A relatively high incidence of malignant transformation of laryngeal papilloma was noted in Taiwanese patients. Patients without demonstrable HPV DNA require more frequent follow-up and may benefit from anti-HPV vaccinations.
Rayleigh-Bénard Experiment Probes Transition from Chaos to Turbulence (1988)

Progress in understanding chaos—actually, temporal chaos—has been enhanced over the past ten years by the close agreement between some experiments and the theoretical descriptions of chaotic behavior. Our understanding of turbulence is not yet at the same level. However, a group led by Albert Libchaber at the University of Chicago has recently characterized with great accuracy turbulent flows in a Rayleigh-Bénard cell. The Rayleigh-Bénard experiment studies convective flows in a fluid that is confined in a gravitational field between two parallel horizontal plates and heated from below. Earlier experiments on this system by Libchaber, among others, played an important role in our understanding of chaos.
Human activity recognition from object interaction in domestic scenarios (2016)

This paper presents a real time approach to the recognition of human activity based on the interaction between people and objects in domestic settings, specifically in a kitchen. Regarding the procedure, it is based on capturing partial images where the activity takes place using a colour camera, and processing the images to recognize the present objects and their location. For object description and recognition, a histogram on rg chromaticity space has been selected. The interaction with the objects is classified into four types of possible actions; (unchanged, add, remove or move). Activities are defined as recipes, where objects play the role of ingredients, tools or substitutes. Sensed objects and actions are then used to analyze in real time the probability of the human activity performed at a particular moment in a continuous activity sequence.