gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparations and Optical Properties of Ordered Arrays of Submicron Gel Particles:  Interconnected State and Trapped State (2006)

Two types of thermosensitive opal-structured hydrogel systems, "interconnected" and "trapped" gel particle arrays, were newly developed by extremely simple methods using silica colloidal crystal as a template. Although both systems diffract visible light following Bragg's law combined with Snell's law, the temperature dependences of their optical properties were quite different. The "interconnected" array exhibited a reversible change in the peak values of the reflection spectra, mainly determined by the swelling ratio of the hydrogel, as a function of the water temperature. Since the swelling ratio is dominant over the peak value, we can observe water temperature through the color of the interconnected type of gel membrane. The "trapped" array revealed a reversible change in the peak intensity of the reflection spectra with the change in temperature, whereas no change in the peak position was observed. We can interpret this phenomenon in the following ways. As the rise in temperature causes a decrease in the water content of the NIPA gel particles, the gel particles becomes stickier on the cavity wall of polystyrene PPM. This may induce a disturbance in the ordered array of the gel particles and form many layers of rough surfaces in the inverse opal structure of the PPM. This situation may lead to the stronger diffused reflection of light from the gel particles, resulting in the decrease in peak intensity at higher temperatures.
Central Nervous System Depressants. VI. Polymethoxyphenyl Esters and Amides (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentral Nervous System Depressants. VI. Polymethoxyphenyl Esters and AmidesRobert Bruce MoffettCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 3, 319–325Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00333a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00333a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oscillatory coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic metal spacer (1991)

We have derived the expression of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida coupling between two ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer, for arbitrary crystal structure and Fermi surface. For the first time, quantitative predictions of the interlayer coupling for Cu, Ag, and Au spacers are given. The results are in good agreement with recent experimental data for fcc Co/Cu and Fe/Cu systems.
The Effect of Formulation Type on the Release of Benzoyl Peroxide from Microsponges (2005)

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a first-line topical treatment in acne vulgaris, and it is superior to antibiotics, because the bacteria do not develop resistance to it. Skin irritation is a common side effect, and it has been shown that controlled release of BPO from a delivery system to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to prepare suitable controlled release formulations for BPO. This study examined whether the type of topical formulation (cream, gel and lotion) can affect the release behavior of BPO from microsponges. Benzoyl peroxide microparticles were prepared using an emulsion solvent diffusion method by adding an organic internal phase containing benzoyl peroxide, ethyl cellulose and dichloromethane into a stirring aqueous phase containing polyvinyl alcohol. The loading capacity of the drug content and the mean particle size of microparticles were determined. BPO microparticles were then incorporated into various formulations (creams, gels and lotions) for release studies. The micrograph of microsponges showed that they were spherical in shape and contained pores. It was shown that the drug:polymer ratio, stirring rate, volume of the dispersed phase influenced the particle size and drug release behavior of the formed microsponges and that the presence of emulsifier was essential for microsponge formation. The results showed that, generally, an increase in the ratio of drug:polymer resulted in a reduction in the release rate of BPO from microsponges which was attributed to a decrease in internal porosity of the microsponges. The release data showed that the highest release rate was obtained from lotions containing BPO microparticles and the lowest was obtained from cream formulations.
Calculation of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) VII. Reliability of the TPP‐2M IMFP predictive equation (2003)

Abstract We report comparisons of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) determined from our predictive IMFP equation TPP‐2M and reference IMFPs calculated from optical data. These comparisons were made for values of the parameter N v (the number of valence electrons per atom or molecule) that we have recommended and those that were recommended in a recent paper by Seah et al. ( Surf. Interface Anal. 2001; 31 : 778). The comparisons were made for eight elemental solids (K, Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta and Bi) and two compounds (KBr and Y 2 O 3 ) for which there were appreciable differences in the recommended N v values from the two sources and for which optical data were available for the IMFP calculations. The average of the root‐mean‐square (RMS) deviations for the ten materials between IMFPs from the TPP‐2M equation with our N v values and the reference IMFPs was 11.0%, whereas the corresponding average with the Seah et al. N v values was 20.2%. The larger average in the latter comparison was mainly due to large (>20%) RMS deviations for four materials (K, Hf, Ta and KBr). For the other six materials, the RMS deviations with the Seah et al. values of N v were similar to those with our values of N v . Based on the comparisons for these ten materials, we believe that it is preferable to use our values of N v in the TPP‐2M equation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting the long term stability of Cu / Al ball bonds subjected to standard and extended HTS (2009)

This paper will present the findings of work performed on 20-micron diameter copper wire of five different wire types from three suppliers with gold wire added as a control. The test die was mounted on BT resin substrates. The bonding parameters were optimized for each wire used. Part of the optimization process involved monitoring the flatness of the bonded ball and the amount of aluminum remaining under the bond. The crystal structure of the bonded interconnects were examined using composite imaging techniques. Visual data such as ball size, thickness, and shape were collected. First and second bonds were subjected to destructive testing, such as ball shear and wire pull, throughout the preparation process. The samples were subjected to an industry-standard, high temperature stress test to determine the long-term stability of the interface of each wire type. Data will be presented on all tests performed and will provide useful information on the material and process set best suited for long term reliability.
Improved quantification of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 and F2-isoprostanes by gas chromatography/triple‐stage quadrupole mass spectrometry: partial cyclooxygenase‐dependent formation of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 in humans (1997)

F2-isoprostanes are considered to be novel markers of lipid peroxidation. To study the in vivo formation of F2-isoprostanes, an improved method was developed for isotope dilution assays involving gas chromatography/triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) including thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (sum of all F2-isoprostanes) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) purification (prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and 8-epi-PGF2α). Following the addition of isotopically labeled prostaglandins to urine, the sample was acidified and applied to a C18 cartridge. After elution, prostaglandins were derivatized to pentafluorobenzyl esters and subjected to TLC. A broad zone was scratched off, isoprostanes were eluted and after formation of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives the sum of F2-isoprostanes was determined by GC/MS/MS. For the determination of PGF2α and 8-epi-PGF2α prior to trimethylsilylation an additional HPLC step was performed and the fractions containing PGF2α and 8-epi-PGF2α were analyzed by GC/MS/MS. Using this technique, 8-epi-PGF2α concentrations in urine samples as low as 5 pg ml-1 could be determined with high accuracy. The excretion rates of isoprostanes were studied in comparison with the classical prostaglandins in three different groups: healthy adults, healthy children and children with hyper-PGE syndrome (HPS), a pathological situation associated with a stimulated PGE2 synthesis. F2-isoprostanes represented the main arachidonic acid metabolites in these groups and 8-epi-PGF2α excretion was comparable in its amount to the classical prostanoids. To delineate the cyclooxygenase-catalyzed contribution, the influence of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases, on F2-isoprostane formation in healthy adults and in HPS children was analyzed. Significantly decreased excretion rates were observed 2 days after indomethacin administration for all prostanoids, including F2-isoprostanes and 8-epi-PGF2α. However, the suppression of F2-isoprostanes and 8-epi-PGF2α excretion rates was less pronounced in comparison with the classical prostanoids. An improved and reliable method for the determination of F2-isoprostanes and especially 8-epi-PGF2α has been developed. The data obtained on human urine samples indicates a contribution of the cyclooxygenase pathway to the formation of isoprostanes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractional algebraic identification of the distribution of relaxation times of battery cells (2015)

In this paper, an algebraic model-based approach for the identification of a battery's distribution of relaxation times (DRT) is illustrated. The DRT is directly linked to physically interpretable parameters to determine the aging of a battery cell. The approach derives from Mikusiński's operational calculus. Therefore a novel integration operator and the differentiation rule for fractional systems is presented. The identification is exact in that no approximations of the novel operator are used. The procedure is verified by simulation results.
Improvement of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of enterovirus RNA (2009)

We describe an improvement of an earlier reported real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of enterovirus RNA, based on the 5' exonuclease digestion of a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe by Taq DNA polymerase. A different extraction method, real-time RT-PCR instrument and primer set were evaluated. Our data show that the optimized assay yields a higher sensitivity and reproducibility and resulted in a significant reduced hands-on time per sample.
A Study of Surgical Approaches to Retinal Vascular Occlusions (2000)

Multiple surgical techniques aimed at assisting recanalization of occluded retinal vasculature have been evaluated. Retinal vascular surgery has become more feasible and deserves further investigation.
ResFi: A secure framework for self organized Radio Resource Management in residential WiFi networks (2016)

In dense deployments of residential WiFi networks individual users suffer performance degradation due to both contention and interference. While Radio Resource Management (RRM) is known to mitigate this effects its application in residential WiFi networks being by nature unplanned and individually managed creates a big challenge. We propose ResFi - a framework supporting creation of RRM functionality in legacy deployments. The radio interfaces are used for efficient discovery of adjacent APs and as a side-channel to establish a secure communication among the individual Access Point Management Applications within a neighborhood over the wired Internet backbone. We have implemented a prototype of ResFi and studied its performance in our testbed. As a showcase we have implemented various RRM applications among others a distributed channel assignment algorithm using ResFi. ResFi is provided to the community as open source.
Mechanomyographic amplitude and frequency responses during dynamic muscle actions: a comprehensive review (2005)

The purpose of this review is to examine the literature that has investigated mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude and frequency responses during dynamic muscle actions. To date, the majority of MMG research has focused on isometric muscle actions. Recent studies, however, have examined the MMG time and/or frequency domain responses during various types of dynamic activities, including dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) and isokinetic muscle actions, as well as cycle ergometry. Despite the potential influences of factors such as changes in muscle length and the thickness of the tissue between the muscle and the MMG sensor, there is convincing evidence that during dynamic muscle actions, the MMG signal provides valid information regarding muscle function. This argument is supported by consistencies in the MMG literature, such as the close relationship between MMG amplitude and power output and a linear increase in MMG amplitude with concentric torque production. There are still many issues, however, that have yet to be resolved, and the literature base for MMG during both dynamic and isometric muscle actions is far from complete. Thus, it is important to investigate the unique applications of MMG amplitude and frequency responses with different experimental designs/methodologies to continually reassess the uses/limitations of MMG.
Characterization and mitigation of relative edge placement errors (rEPE) in full-chip computational lithography (2015)

Edge placement error (EPE) was a term initially introduced to describe the difference between predicted pattern contour edge and the design target. Strictly speaking this quantity is not directly measurable in the fab, and furthermore it is not ultimately the most important metric for chip yield. What is of vital importance is the relative EPE (rEPE) between different design layers, and in the era of multi-patterning, the different constituent mask sublayers for a single design layer. There has always been a strong emphasis on measurement and control of misalignment between design layers, and the progress in this realm has been remarkable, spurned in part at least by the proliferation of multi-patterning which reduces the available overlay budget by introducing a coupling of alignment and CD errors for the target layer. In-line CD and overlay metrology specifications are typically established by starting with design rules and making certain assumptions about error distributions which might be encountered in manufacturing. Lot disposition criteria in photo metrology (rework or pass to etch) are set assuming worst case assumptions for CD and overlay respectively. For example poly to active overlay specs start with poly endcap design rules and make assumptions about active and poly lot average and across lot CDs, and incorporate general knowledge about poly line end rounding to ensure that leakage current is maintained within specification. This worst case guard banding does not consider specific chip designs, however and as we have previously shown full-chip simulation can elucidate the most critical "hot spots" for interlayer process variability comprehending the two-layer CD and misalignment process window. It was shown that there can be differences in X versus Y misalignment process windows as well as positive versus negative directional misalignment process windows and that such design specific information might be leveraged for manufacturing disposition and control schemes. This paper will further investigate examples of via-metal model-based analysis of CD and overlay errors. We will investigate both single patterning and double patterning. For single patterning, we show the advantage of contour to contour simulation over contour to target simulation, and how the addition of aberrations in the optical models can provide a more realistic PW window for edge placement errors. For double patterning, the interaction of 4 layer CD and misalignment errors is very complex, but we illustrate that not only can full-chip verification identify potential rEPE hotspots, the OPC engine can act to mitigate such hotspots and enlarge the overall combined CD-overlay rEPE process window.
Cognitive face analysis system for future interactive TV (2009)

The future interactive TV will automatically provide user-personalized services for each viewer. For the automatic user-personalized services, the interactive TV should recognize viewers and even their emotions or preferences. In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture of the future interactive TV and propose a real-time face analysis system that can detect and recognize human faces and even their expressions, and therefore understand their internal emotional states. The proposed face analysis system consists of three image processing modules: face detection, face recognition, and facial expression recognition. Face detection is employed to detect and track a number of people watching the TV program. Face recognition and facial expression recognition are employed to identify specific TV viewers and recognize their internal emotional states, which is necessary in order to enable personalized user interfaces and services. For robust real-time face analysis system, we present the Ada-LDA learning algorithm based on simple and efficient MspLBP features, which is suitable for multi-class pattern classification. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed face analysis system provides real-time performance with high recognition rates. It can operate at over 15 frames per second.
The oxyisocyanate [ONCO] <sup>−</sup> and amidoisocyanate [HNNCO] <sup>−</sup> negative ions (1989)

Abstract Ab initio calculations indicate that the ion [ONCO] − is linear, whereas [HNNCO] − is effectively coplanar. The ions may be formed by collisional activation of deprotonated hydroxy and aminocarbamates. The characteristic fragmentations of [ONCO] − and [HNNOO] − are losses of O and NH respectively.
Towards laboratory x-ray nanotomography: instrumental improvements on a SEM-based system (2016)

We aim at resolving deca-nanometer features in microelectronic samples using a laboratory SEM-based X-ray tomography microscope. Such a system produces X-rays through the interaction between a focused SEM electron beam and a metallic target. The effective source size of the X-ray beam can be adjusted by varying the target material and geometry. For instance, the use of tungsten nanowires (few hundred nanometers of length) combined with a high electron beam current leads to an increased X-ray flux generated in a reduced volume, necessary for detecting interface details of the analyzed object. It improves resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but is also sensitive to electron beam-target instabilities during the scan. To improve robustness, a FFT-based image correlation is integrated in the process through a closed-loop control scheme. It allows stabilizing the electron beam on the target and to preserve the X-ray flux intensity and alignment. Also, a state of the art high-resolution scientific-CMOS (sCMOS) X-ray detector was installed, allowing to reduce noise and to increase quantum efficiency. Results show that such numerical and equipment improvements lead to significant gains in spatial resolution, SNR and scanning time of the SEM-based tomography. It paves the way to routine, high resolution, 3D X-ray imaging in the laboratory.
Interferon beta: the current position. (1997)

Treatments that reduce disease activity in multiple sclerosis are now available, but it is not known how these agents will modify the development of disability in the long term. Published trials of the use of interferon beta failed to detect any clinically relevant reduction in accumulation of disability during the study period. Should patients therefore be prescribed these compounds?
Design of low-leakage power-rail ESD clamp circuit with MOM capacitor and STSCR in a 65-nm CMOS process (2011)

A power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit designed with low-leakage consideration has been proposed and verified in a 65-nm low-voltage CMOS process. By using the metal-oxide-metal (MOM) capacitor in the ESD-detection circuit, the power-rail ESD clamp circuit realized with only thin-oxide (1-V) devices has very low stand-by leakage current, as compared to the traditional design. The experimental results in the silicon chip showed that the standby leakage current is only 358 nA at room temperature (25°C) under the power-supply voltage of 1 V, whereas the traditional design realized with the NMOS capacitor is as high as 828 μA under the same bias condition.
Dexamethasone as a chemosensitizer for breast cancer chemotherapy: Potentiation of the antitumor activity of adriamycin, modulation of cytokine expression, and pharmacokinetics (2007)

Dexamethasone (DEX) is mainly used as an anti-emetic agent in cancer therapy. We have recently demonstrated that DEX pretreatment increases the antitumor activity of the cancer chemotherapeutic agents carboplatin and gemcitabine, and decreases host toxicity in nude mouse xenograft models of human cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the effects of DEX pretreatment on the anticancer activity of adriamycin (ADR) in a syngeneic model of breast cancer (4T1), emphasizing the effects of DEX on cytokine expression and modulation of ADR pharmacokinetics. We have demonstrated five major new findings about DEX pretreatment: a) it enhances the therapeutic effect of ADR, inducing almost complete inhibition of tumor growth; b) it increases tumor ADR accumulation; c) it modulates the expression of cytokines produced by the tumor, increasing TNFalpha and decreasing IL-1beta and VEGF expression; d) it enhances the effects of ADR on induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation; and e) it suppresses nuclear NFkappaB activation and inhibits ADR-induced NFkappaB activation, possibly via IkappaB up-regulation. These findings suggest that DEX can be used as a chemosensitizer and chemoprotectant. These results provide a rationale for the expanded clinical use of DEX for cancer therapy.