gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ultrasound tomography system with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) moldings for coupling: in vivo results for 3-D pulse-echo imaging of the female breast (2015)

Full-angle spatial compounding (FASC) is a concept for pulse-echo imaging using an ultrasound tomography (UST) system. With FASC, resolution is increased and speckles are suppressed by averaging pulse-echo data from 360°. In vivo investigations have already shown a great potential for 2-D FASC in the female breast as well as for finger-joint imaging. However, providing a small number of images of parallel cross-sectional planes with enhanced image quality is not sufficient for diagnosis. Therefore, volume data (3-D) is needed. For this purpose, we further developed our UST add-on system to automatically rotate a motorized array (3-D probe) around the object of investigation. Full integration of external motor and ultrasound electronics control in a custom-made program allows acquisition of 3-D pulse-echo RF datasets within 10 min. In case of breast cancer imaging, this concept also enables imaging of near-thorax tissue regions which cannot be achieved by 2-D FASC. Furthermore, moldings made of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) have been developed as a new acoustic coupling concept. It has a great potential to replace the water bath technique in UST, which is a critical concept with respect to clinical investigations. In this contribution, we present in vivo results for 3-D FASC applied to imaging a female breast which has been placed in a PVA-H molding during data acquisition. An algorithm is described to compensate time-of-flight and consider refraction at the water-PVA-H molding and molding-tissue interfaces. Therefore, the mean speed of sound (SOS) for the breast tissue is estimated with an image-based method. Our results show that the PVA-H molding concept is applicable and feasible and delivers good results. 3-D FASC is superior to 2-D FASC and provides 3-D volume data at increased image quality.
Control of Stem Cell Self-Renewal in <i>Drosophila</i> Spermatogenesis by JAK-STAT Signaling (2001)

Stem cells, which regenerate tissue by producing differentiating cells, also produce cells that renew the stem cell population. Signals from regulatory microenvironments (niches) are thought to cause stem cells to retain self-renewing potential. However, the molecular characterization of niches remains an important goal. In Drosophila testes, germ line and somatic stem cells attach to a cluster of support cells called the hub. The hub specifically expresses Unpaired, a ligand activating the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling cascade. Without JAK-STAT signaling, germ line stem cells differentiate but do not self-renew. Conversely, ectopic JAK-STAT signaling greatly expands both stem cell populations. We conclude that the support cells of the hub signal to adjacent stem cells by activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby defining a niche for stem cell self-renewal.
Bayesian approach to limited-angle reconstruction in computed tomography (1983)

An arbitrary source function cannot be determined fully from projection data that are limited in number and range of viewing angle. There exists a null subspace in the Hilbert space of possible source functions about which the available projection measurements provide no information. The null-space components of deterministic solutions are usually zero, giving rise to unavoidable artifacts. It is demonstrated that these artifacts may be reduced by a Bayesian maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction method that permits the use of significant a priori information. Since normal distributions are assumed for the a priori and measurement-error probability densities, the MAP reconstruction method presented here is equivalent to the minimum-variance linear estimator with nonstationary mean and covariance ensemble characterizations. A more comprehensive Bayesian approach is suggested in which the ensemble mean and covariance specifications are adjusted on the basis of the measurements.
Extraction of Brain Vessels from Magnetic Resonance Angiographic Images: Concise Literature Review, Challenges, and Proposals (2005)

The automated extraction of brain vessels from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has found its applications in vascular disease diagnosis, endovascular operation and neurosurgical planning. In this paper we first present a concise technical review on cerebral vasculature extraction from MRA. It reveals the latest development in the area of vessel extraction. Then we detail the main challenges to the researchers working in the vessel extraction and segmentation area. Based on the review and our experience in the area, we finally present our proposals on ways of developing robust vessel extracting algorithm. Examples of brain vasculature extracted with advanced hybrid approach are shown. Twenty one references are given
Human mobility modeling at metropolitan scales (2012)

Models of human mobility have broad applicability in fields such as mobile computing, urban planning, and ecology. This paper proposes and evaluates WHERE, a novel approach to modeling how large populations move within different metropolitan areas. WHERE takes as input spatial and temporal probability distributions drawn from empirical data, such as Call Detail Records (CDRs) from a cellular telephone network, and produces synthetic CDRs for a synthetic population. We have validated WHERE against billions of anonymous location samples for hundreds of thousands of phones in the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. We found that WHERE offers significantly higher fidelity than other modeling approaches. For example, daily range of travel statistics fall within one mile of their true values, an improvement of more than 14 times over a Weighted Random Waypoint model. Our modeling techniques and synthetic CDRs can be applied to a wide range of problems while avoiding many of the privacy concerns surrounding real CDRs.
Mapping the Sites of Initiation of DNA Replication in Rat and Human rRNA Genes (1996)

To study the organization of DNA replication in mammalian rRNA genes, the sites of initiation of DNA synthesis in rat and human rRNA genes were mapped by two independent techniques. In rat cells the growth of the nascent DNA chains was blocked by Trioxsalen cross-links introduced in vivo. The fraction of "restricted" nascent DNA chains labeled in vivo was isolated, and the abundance in this fraction of cloned ribosomal DNA sequences was determined by hybridization. In the experiments with human cells, the nascent DNA chains were allowed to grow unrestricted for a certain period of time and the movement of the replication forks along the rRNA genes was followed by hybridization of cloned ribosomal DNA sequences to the "unrestricted" nascent DNA fragments fractionated according to size. The results show that in both rRNA genes there are two well defined regions of initiation of DNA synthesis. The first one is located upstream of the transcription units and the second one is located at the 3'-end of the coding regions of the ribosomal DNA repeats.
Giant Magneto Resistive (GMR) Effect Based Current Sensing Technique for Low Voltage/High Current Voltage Regulator Modules (2008)

Current sensing is one of the important functions in a dc-dc converter. It may be used for implementing current mode control or for achieving current sharing in a paralleled converters. Many current sensing schemes have been reported in literature, but they are either lossy or they require precise knowledge of the component value. In this paper, a giant magneto resistive effect based sensor is used for low voltage, high current voltage regulator module type applications. Since the current sensing is based on magnetic field, the sensing accuracy depends upon the placement of sensor on the conductor. Optimum distance is obtained for sensing the current with desired accuracy. It also gives the optimum location of the sensor to minimize the interference from closely lying current carrying conductors. Finally the performance of the sensor is experimentally verified on a 1 V/15 A buck converter switching at 1 MHz.
The Conjugation of Amino Acids with Isocyanates of the Anthracene and 1,2-Benzanthracene Series (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conjugation of Amino Acids with Isocyanates of the Anthracene and 1,2-Benzanthracene SeriesLouis F. Fieser and Hugh J. CreechCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 12, 3502–3506Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01267a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma-synthesised carbon-based coatings for cardiovascular applications (2015)

Current cardiovascular stent platforms interact poorly with the human vasculature and still rely on drug therapy to avoid early failure due to blood clotting. A drug-free coating technology that could fully integrate an implanted stent through a combination of hemocompatibility and differential regulation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells would present a clear advantage over existing clinical approaches. Plasma discharges have been used as a coating technology in a wide range of applications over the last decades. Carbon-based thin films prepared by different plasma deposition methods are usually regarded as biocompatible materials as they are able to prevent the adhesion and activation of platelets and preferentially promote the adsorption of albumin over fibrinogen. However, the available literature seldom addresses entirely the aspects of biocompatibility and the challenging mechanical demands of such materials for stent coating. Recent advances suggest that plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition can be used to prepare carbon-based thin films that allow for the linker-free immobilization of bioactive molecules. If successfully applied to a stent these coatings could represent a step towards stent specific biofunctionalization. This review examines the feasibility of using plasma discharges for the synthesis of carbon-based biocompatible materials for cardiovascular implantable devices, particularly stents.
Sigma 32-Dependent Promoter Activity In Vivo: Sequence Determinants of the <i>groE</i> Promoter (2003)

The Escherichia coli transcription factor sigma 32 binds to core RNA polymerase to form the holoenzyme responsible for transcription initiation at heat shock promoters, utilized upon exposure of the cell to higher temperatures. We have developed two ways to assay sigma 32-dependent RNA synthesis in E. coli. The plasmid-borne reporter gene for both is lacZ (beta-galactosidase), driven by the groE promoter. In one application, the cells are exposed to a temperature of 42 degrees C in order to induce accumulation of endogenous sigma 32. The other involves isopropylthiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-induced synthesis of sigma 32 at 30 degrees C from a gene contained on a second plasmid. The latter employs DnaK(-) cells, which additionally contained a second mutation, inactivating the endogenous sigma 32 gene (Bukau and Walker, EMBO J. 9:4027-4036, 1990). These assays were used to delineate the sequences CTTGA (-37 to -33) and GNCCCCATNT (-18 to -9) as important for sigma 32 promoter activity. At each of the specified base pairs, substitutions were found which reduced promoter activity by greater than 75%. Activity was also dependent upon the number of base pairs separating the two regions.
Learning Privately from Multiparty Data (2016)

Learning a classifier from private data collected by multiple parties is an important problem that has many potential applications. How can we build an accurate and differentially private global classifier by combining locally-trained classifiers from different parties, without access to any party's private data? We propose to transfer the `knowledge' of the local classifier ensemble by first creating labeled data from auxiliary unlabeled data, and then train a global $ε$-differentially private classifier. We show that majority voting is too sensitive and therefore propose a new risk weighted by class probabilities estimated from the ensemble. Relative to a non-private solution, our private solution has a generalization error bounded by $O(ε^{-2}M^{-2})$ where $M$ is the number of parties. This allows strong privacy without performance loss when $M$ is large, such as in crowdsensing applications. We demonstrate the performance of our method with realistic tasks of activity recognition, network intrusion detection, and malicious URL detection.
Effect of medication dosing frequency on adherence in chronic diseases. (2009)

Patients are more compliant with once-daily compared with twice-daily or thrice-daily treatment regimens.
The Effects of Sensory Stimulation on REM Sleep Duration (1998)

Previous experiments have demonstrated that auditory (AS) and/or somatosensory (SS) stimulation can increase the duration of REM sleep periods in rats, cats and humans. The objectives of this study were to determine whether repeated AS stimulation causes habituation to the stimulus and whether any additive effects could be obtained with the simultaneous application of AS and SS. Three experimental procedures were used in this study. In experiment 1, animals were recorded for 4 consecutive days with AS, followed by a post-stimulus session. In experiment 2, they were recorded for 24 hours with AS applied at each REM period, followed by a subsequent 24-hours-post-stimulus recording. In experiment 3, animals underwent AS, SS stimulation, or simultaneous application of both in a random fashion at each REM period. The results of all experiments confirm previous findings showing that auditory or somatosensory stimuli significantly increase REM sleep period duration. In addition, AS--applied with different presentations during REM and throughout the sleep-wake cycle--are capable of increasing REM duration regardless of the manner in which they were presented. However, the effects of the stimuli were not additive. It is worth noting that although REM duration increased, REM period frequency decreased, resulting in no net change of total REM sleep through time. Furthermore, no changes were observed in other sleep-wake variables. These experiments clearly demonstrate that repeated auditory stimulation does not cause habituation, and there are no evident side effects on the sleep-wake cycle. These results confirm that the mechanisms involved in REM generation and maintenance can be modulated by sensory modalities.
Egr2 targets identify a population of dysfunctional T cells in the tumor microenvironment with immune modulatory properties (2014)

Meeting abstracts Although the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicates an endogenous anti-tumor response, immune regulatory pathways can subvert the effector phase and enable tumor escape. Negative regulatory pathways include expression of inhibitory receptors and corresponding
Pressure Ulcers (2007)

Pressure ulcers occur in up to 14% of acute hospitalizations. They cause pain, decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and prolonged hospitalizations. Treatment includes pain control, nutritional support, relieving pressure, removing devitalized tissue, and by using dressings and medications, providing an environment in which healing can occur. Even with optimal treatment, pressure ulcers may take months to heal. Thymosin beta4 is being investigated as a treatment for pressure ulcers. Thymosin beta4 has wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is thought to exert its therapeutic effect through promotion of keratinocyte and endothelial cell migration, increased collagen deposition, and stimulation of angiogenesis. A study in a rat full-thickness wound model showed that treatment with thymosin beta4 increased collagen deposition and angiogenesis and stimulated keratinocyte migration and reepithelialization. If thymosin beta4 decreases healing time, this would represent a significant advance in the treatment of pressure ulcers.
BIMCloud: A Distributed Cloud-Based Social BIM Framework for Project Collaboration (2014)

Building information modeling (BIM) aims to facilitate information management and collaboration among stakeholders in different domains over the building life cycle. BIM models are increasingly used as an object-based information hub for storing, integrating and managing building information in different aspects. Over the building life cycle, stakeholders - like the owner, designers and subcontractors - keep reviewing and commenting on different building components; but, these social interactions are often not recorded and managed in a structured manner. This paper presents a distributed cloud-based BIM framework that was designed to support collaboration among project participants and information sharing. The framework - namely, BIMCloud - was developed based on Apache Cassandra, which can be deployed on public cloud servers like Amazon EC2 or private cloud servers hosted in their own infrastructures. A schematic data structure was also developed to capture the building component-based social interactions which could be used for mining and post-processing to generate knowledge in the future. The BIMCloud framework stores BIM models based on the IFC schema and the developed schema for Social BIM. Therefore, people can make changes to the BIM models in the BIMCloud framework by transferring only a partial BIM model. An example scenario is presented in this paper.
Securing multi-tiered web applications (2010)

Multi-tiered architecture is very common in today's enterprise web applications. It is necessary to secure channels in each tier in order to secure a multi-tiered web application. For a non-HTTP based channel, there are several options to secure the channel. These security options have been used in a number of applications. However, it is not clear which option has better performance (such as delay, security strength, etc). In our research, we conducted real-network experiments to study the performances of several popular security protocols that are being used for securing multi-tiered web applications. Our experimental results provide several useful insights and guidelines for the design and deployment of secure multi-tiered web application.
Use of clustering to improve performance in fuzzy gene expression analysis (2002)

This paper proposes the use of fuzzy modeling algorithms to analyze gene expression data. Current algorithms apply all potential combinations of genes to a fuzzy model of gene interaction (for example, activator/inhibitor/target) and are evaluated on the basis of how well they fit the model. However, the algorithm is computationally intensive; the activator/inhibitor model has an algorithmic complexity of O(N/sup 3/), while more complex models (multiple activators/inhibitors) have even higher complexities. As a result, the algorithm takes a significant amount of time to analyze an entire genome. The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of clustering as a preprocessing method to reduce the total number of gene combinations analyzed. By first analyzing how well cluster centers fit the model, the algorithm can ignore combinations of genes that are unlikely to fit. This will allow the algorithm to run in a shorter amount of time with minimal effect on the results.
Applications of the Mitsunobu reaction in peptide chemistry (1998)

The Mitsunobu reaction--the nucleophilic substitution of an alcoholic hydroxyl group mediated by the redox system trialkylphosphine/dialkyl azodicarobxylate--is widely used in the chemistry of biologically active compounds. The paper deals with applications of the Mitsunobu reaction in amino acid and peptide chemistry. The process provides easy access to many unnatural amino acids and derivatives. Since the reaction occurs with complete inversion of the configuration at the carbinol chiral centre, it can be used for the synthesis of diastereoisomers of hydroxy- and tioprolines. Cyclization of beta-hydroxy amino acid containing peptides under Mitsunobu reaction conditions leads to a constrained peptide that mimics the stabilizing reverse turn secondary structure.
Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculation disturbance induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion (2008)

R1 prevents I/R-induced hepatic microcirculation disturbance and hepatocyte injury. The effect of R1 is related to its inhibition of leukocyte rolling and adhesion by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin in endothelium and CD18 in neutrophils.
Transmission strategy and optimal block size in high-speed data communication (1973)

The problem of transmission of data along communication channels at rates of the order of 107 bits/s is considered. The transmission strategy is discussed and the advantages of data blocking with error detection are indicated. Under this strategy, detailed analysis is given of the time lost in data transmission, in which the presence of optimum values of the block size are revealed. Examples of typical distributions of optimum block size are given as a function of several parameters of interest; the question of channel efficiency is also discussed.
A Reexamination of the Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction (1996)

Although the “disconfirmation of expectations” model continues to dominate research and managerial practice, several limitations indicate that it is not a complete picture of satisfaction formation. The authors propose a new model of the satisfaction formation process that builds on the disconfirmation paradigm by specifying a more comprehensive model that includes two standards in a single model and specifically incorporates the impact of marketing communication. An empirical test of the model provides support for the hypothesized relationships and a better understanding of the mechanisms that produce satisfaction.
Altered Cell Motility and Attachment With Titanium Surface Modifications (2011)

Periodontal cells displayed differential motility and long-term attachment to titanium surfaces. Selective modification of titanium surface properties in various regions of an implant may be useful in guiding specific cell populations to specific locations where they might best aid in osseointegration and soft tissue remodeling.
FeptideDB: A web application for new bioactive peptides from food protein (2019)

FeptideDB is freely available to researchers who are interested in exploring bioactive peptides. The FeptideDB interface is easy to use, allowing users to rapidly retrieve data based on desired search criteria. FeptideDB is freely available at http://www4g.biotec.or.th/FeptideDB/. Ultimately, FeptideDB is a computational aid for assessing peptide bioactivities.