gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells expressing two additional T-cell receptors (TETARs) for personalised melanoma therapy (2015)

Adoptive T-cell therapy of cancer often fails due to the tumor cells' immune escape mechanisms, like antigen loss or down-regulation. To anticipate immune escape by loss of a single antigen, it would be advantageous to equip T cells with multiple specificities. To study the possible interference of 2 T-cell receptors (TCRs) in one cell, and to examine how to counteract competing effects, we generated TETARs, CD8(+) T cells expressing two additional T-cell receptors by simultaneous transient transfection with 2 TCRs using RNA electroporation. The TETARs were equipped with one TCR specific for the common melanoma antigen gp100 and one TCR recognizing a patient-specific, individual mutation of CCT6A (chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 6A) termed "CCT6A(m) TCR." These CD8(+) T cells proved functional in cytokine secretion and lytic activity upon stimulation with each of their cognate antigens, although some reciprocal inhibition was observed. Murinisation of the CCT6A(m) TCR increased and prolonged its expression and increased the lytic capacity of the dual-specific T cells. Taken together, we generated functional, dual-specific CD8(+) T cells directed against a common melanoma-antigen and an individually mutated antigen for the use in personalised adoptive T-cell therapy of melanoma. The intended therapy would involve repetitive injections of the RNA-transfected cells to overcome the transiency of TCR expression. In case of autoimmunity-related side effects, a cessation of treatment would result in a disappearance of the introduced receptors, which increases the safety of this approach.
Isolation of pepper endophyte antagonists against Ralstonia solanacearum (2004)

Forty-one bacterial strains were isolated from the stems of pepper plants collected from some cities (counties) of GUangxi at the fruiting stage. The strains were preliminarily classified as Agrobacterium spp., Mycobacterium spp., Microbacterium spp., Erwinia spp. and Bacillus spp.. Among these five isolated genera, isolates of Bacillus were the dominant endophytic bacteria in pepper plants. According to the test of inhibiting the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum, three strains have antagonistic activity against the plant pathogen. On the basis of the test of endo-growth in plant with the method of soaking seed and injecting the strain to the stem of pepper, seventeen strains were endomicrobite and two of them also inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum.
<title>Distributed wireless face recognition system</title> (2007)

A face recognition system gains flexibility and cost efficiency while being integrated into a wireless network. Meanwhile, face recognition enhances the functionality and security of the wireless network. This paper proposes a distributed wireless network prototype, consisting of feature net and database net, to accomplish face identification task by optimally allocating network resources. The face recognition technique used in this paper is subspace-based modular processing with score and decision level fusion. The subspace features are selected by a step-wise statistical procedure, Modified Indifference-Zone Method, which improves efficiency and accuracy. Fusion further improves the performance from using either the whole face or modules alone. The face recognition techniques are re-engineered to be implemented on the distributed wireless network, and the simulation result shows promising improvement over centralized recognition.
Venoms as a platform for human drugs: translating toxins into therapeutics (2011)

Key technical advances in combination with a renewed industry-wide focus on biologics have converged to provide a larger than ever pipeline of venom-derived therapeutics. Disulfide-rich venom peptides obviate some of the traditional disadvantages of therapeutic peptides and some may be suitable for oral administration. Moreover, some venom peptides can breach the blood brain barrier and translocate across cell membranes, which opens up the possibility of exploiting molecular targets not previously accessible to peptide drugs.
Localization of the Membrane Interaction Sites of Pal-like Protein, HI0381 of Haemophilus influenzae (2008)

HI0381 of Haemophilus influenzae was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. HI0381 is a 153-residue peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein, and a part of the larger Tol/Pal network. Here, we report its backbone (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C resonance assignments, and secondary structure predictions. About 97% of all of the (1)HN, (15)N, (13)CO, (13)C alpha, and (13)C beta resonances covering 131 non-proline residues of the 134 residue, mature protein, were clarified by sequential and specific assignments. CSI and TALOS analyses revealed that HI0381 contains five alpha-helices and five beta-strands. To characterize the structure of HI0381, the effects of pH and salt concentration were investigated by CD. In addition, the structural changes occurring when HI0381 was in a membranous environment were investigated by comparing its HSQC spectra and CD data in buffer and in DPC micelles; the results showed that helix alpha 4 and strand beta 4 became aligned with the membrane. We conclude that the conformation of HI0381 is affected by the membrane environment, implying that its folded state is directly related to its function.
Performance of a statistically multiplexed access mechanism for a TDMA radio interface (1995)

The article describes a statistically multiplexed radio access mechanism for third-generation mobile systems, which is an integral part of a resource allocation functional entity. The access mechanism is a key feature of the RACE Mobile R2084 Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) project. It presents an indication of the design parameters adopted for this access mechanism and performance characteristics derived from a comprehensive computer simulation model. It gives particular emphasis to the structure of the resource allocation module and illustrates how the access mechanism is integrated with functionalities which have been incorporated to provide an adaptive radio interface. The access mechanism considered for ATDMA, which allows statistical multiplexing to be implemented on the radio interface is a development of packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) known as PRMA++.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation Induced Polymerization of Isoprene (1964)

イソプレンの40℃から-78℃ の温度範囲における重合に引続いて, 温度範囲を-196℃まで拡げて固相重合について研究した。液相域の高温側ではラジカル機構で重合が進み活性化エネルギーは1.3kcal/mol,低温域ではカチオン機構で重合し,その見掛けの活性化エネルギーは-0.8kcal/molであった。固相域では,液相域より重合速度が早く,その活性化エネルギーは0.2kcal/molであった。固相重合での高温域では,重合速度が線量率に比例するのに,低温域では線量率の1/2乗に比例することが判明した。低温側の固相で,線量率の高い範囲では,系に生成して来る短寿命の活性種が停止反応に関与して来るためと考えられる。
2008 ASCO Review (2008)

ASCO (The American Society of Clinical Oncology) , . annual meeting , , ,
Neutron Diffraction Study on Orthorhombic YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6.74</sub> and Tetragonal YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6.05</sub> (1987)

The crystal structures of high T c (∼90 K) orthorhombic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.74 and moderate T c (∼50 K tetragonal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.05 have been studied by the conventional neutron powder diffraction technique. Single phase powder samples were used. In the orthorhombic phase, the occupancies of the O 1 (0 1/2 0) and the O 4 sites (1/2 0 z), z=0.380(2) are found to be respectively 0.91(3) and 0.92(2). In the tetragonal phase, the occupancies of the O 1 (0 1/2 0) and the O 3 sites (0 1/2 z), z=0.383(2) are 0.20(4) and 0.91(2). Some disordering of Ba and Y atoms is suggested in the tetragonal phase.
Imaging as a tool for improving length and accuracy of sequence analysis in automated fluorescence‐based DNA sequencing (1991)

Abstract A new method of signal analysis for automated fluorescence‐based DNA sequencing is presented. Signal resolution is a limiting factor in obtaining accurate sequence information beyond 400–450 nucleotides per gel lane. We have developed a computer program for the imaging of DNA bands in sequencing gels. The image analysis shows that distortions in the shapes of the bands decrease resolution of peaks observed in the standard data plots. Reconstruction of the undistorted band shape prior to signal analysis substantially improves the resolution of peaks and may improve the accuracy and length of the contiguous sequence read. Image analysis identified other factors limiting the accuracy and length of automated DNA sequence analysis and provided a tool for evaluating various remedies. Our techniques should also be applicable in other systems, for example, in gel electrophoresis of proteins and DNA restriction fragments, and in scranning densitometry.
Amorphous GdCoCr Films for Bubble Domain Applications (1975)

Amorphous GdCoCr films of various composition ratios made by rf bias sputtering are investigated for their applicability as bubble domain supporting materials. Film compositions around Gd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.13</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</inf> Cr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.22</inf> have temperature-insensitive magnetizations between 240 K and 350 K with T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comp</inf> nearly 120 K and T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> nearly 630 K. Reduction of the Cr content from 21.8 to 20.3 at. percent causes an increase of the magnetization by a factor of three. Thermal cycling of these films between 290 K and 570 K does not change the magnetization noticeably, nor does annealing for up to six days at 520 K. The films are found to be very susceptible to contamination by the residual oxygen present in the vacuum chamber during sputtering. Films contaminated with 3 to 13 at. percent oxygen have coercivities around 800 A/m (10 Oe), whereas films which were oxygen-free according to microprobe investigations show coercivities less than 80 A/m (1 Oe).
Treatment of acute demyelinating optic neuritis (2002)

Patients with typical acute monosymptomatic demyelinating optic neuritis should receive gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits to determine if they are at high risk for the subsequent development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). The presence of >or=2 white matter lesions (>or=3 mm in diameter, at least 1 lesion periventricular or ovoid) indicates high risk for CDMS; the following treatment should be considered for such patients: 1. Intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate (1 gram IV/day for 3 days) followed by oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day for 11 days) with 4-day taper (20 mg on day 1, 10 mg on days 2 and 4); 2. Interferon beta 1-a (Avonex 30microg intramuscularly [IM] weekly, or Rebif 22 microg subcutaneously [SQ] weekly). These two drugs have been shown to reduce the short-term risk of CDMS in high risk monosymptomatic patients. In monosymptomatic patients with <2 white matter lesions, and in patients for whom CDMS has been established, IV methylprednisolone treatment followed by oral prednisone should be considered on an individual basis. Treatment in these patients may hasten visual recovery, but does not affect long-term visual outcome. Oral prednisone alone, without prior treatment with IV methylprednisolone, may increase the risk for recurrent optic neuritis and should be avoided.
Coronavirus vaccine development: from SARS and MERS to COVID-19 (2020)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new type of coronavirus that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been the most challenging pandemic in this century. Considering its high mortality and rapid spread, an effective vaccine is urgently needed to control this pandemic. As a result, the academia, industry, and government sectors are working tightly together to develop and test a variety of vaccines at an unprecedented pace. In this review, we outline the essential coronavirus biological characteristics that are important for vaccine design. In addition, we summarize key takeaways from previous vaccination studies of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), highlighting the pros and cons of each immunization strategy. Finally, based on these prior vaccination experiences, we discuss recent progress and potential challenges of COVID-19 vaccine development.
Comparative analysis of deep sequenced methanogenic communities: identification of microorganisms responsible for methane production (2018)

The metagenomic approach presented in this study allowed for deep exploration and comparison of nine environments in which methane production occurs. Different abundance of methanogenesis-related functions was observed and the functions were analyzed in the phylogenetic context in order to identify microbes directly involved in methane production. In addition, a comparison of two metagenomic analytical tools, MG-RAST and MetAnnotate, revealed that combination of both allows for a precise characterization of methanogenic communities.
A Sequence Modeling Approach for Structured Data Extraction from Unstructured Text (2019)

<p>Extraction of structured information from unstructured text has always been a problem of interest for NLP community. Structured data is concise to store, search and retrieve; and it facilitates easier human &amp; machine consumption. Traditionally, structured data extraction from text has been done by using various parsing methodologies, applying domain specific rules and heuristics. In this work, we leverage the developments in the space of sequence modeling for the problem of structured data extraction. Initially, we posed the problem as a machine translation problem and used the state-of-the-art machine translation model. Based on these initial results, we changed the approach to a sequence tagging one. We propose an extension of one of the attractive models for sequence tagging tailored and effective to our problem. This gave 4.4% improvement over the vanilla sequence tagging model. We also propose another variant of the sequence tagging model which can handle multiple labels of words. Experiments have been performed on Wikipedia Infobox Dataset of biographies and results are presented for both single and multi-label models. These models indicate an effective alternate deep learning technique based methods to extract structured data from raw text.</p>
Interleukin‐12 can directly induce T‐helper 1 responses in interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) receptor‐deficient mice, but requires IFN‐γ signalling to downregulate T‐helper 2 responses (1999)

An in vivo model of pulmonary granuloma formation around embolized schistosome eggs was investigated as an environment in which to analyse a role for interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the differentiation of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subsets. Specifically, mice deficient for the interferon-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR-/-) were used to determine the role for IL-12 in the absence of IFN-gamma-mediated signalling. We show that recombinant IL-12 administered to IFN-gammaR-/- mice caused the up-regulation of mRNA for IFN-gamma in lung tissue, and the secretion of abundant IFN-gamma by in vitro-cultured lymph node cells in response to egg antigens. This indicates that IL-12 can act independently of IFN-gamma to induce the development of Th1 cells. Administration of rIL-12 to wild-type mice markedly reduced the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. However, these cytokines were not dramatically reduced in IFN-gammaR-/- mice treated with IL-12. We conclude that inhibition of these cytokines by IL-12 is primarily dependent upon effective IFN-gamma signalling, although abrogation of T-cell derived IL-10 appeared to be dependent upon IL-12. We also show that increases in mRNA for the beta2 subunit of the IL-12 receptor and the p40 subunit of IL-12 after rIL-12 treatment were lower in IFN-gammaR-/- mice, compared to wild-type mice, indicating that their expression was primarily dependent upon IFN-gamma with only a minor role for IL-12.
Links to success (2014)

Roy Allen looks at the importance of international air links to recently acquired Norwich Airport.
Hypoxic Radiosensitizers and Hypoxic Cytotoxins in Radiation Oncology (2003)

Tumor hypoxia is a major constraint for the tumor treatment by radiotherapy. The efficacy of ionizing radiation directly relies on adequate oxygen tensions. Furthermore, hypoxia is related to malignant progression, increased invasion, angiogenesis and an increased risk of metastases formation. Two different types of strategies can be used to overcome the problem of hypoxia-mediated radioresistance. The first strategy encompasses a variety of different methods to improve the tumor oxygenation during radiotherapy. The second strategy tries to target hypoxia as a relatively unique feature of tumor tissue by means of drugs, which are activated under hypoxic conditions and act as hypoxic radiosensitizers or hypoxic cytotoxins. This article reviews in brief the clinical experience with different generations of hypoxic radiosensitizers and hypoxic cytotoxins, which have been applied in combination with primary radiotherapy during the last three decades.
Compact low-voltage InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well waveguide interferometers (1990)

Semiconductor waveguide interferometric intensity modulators are demonstrated with a voltage-length product for 180° optical phase shift Vπ × L = 2.2 V mm.
Die Attach of Power Devices Using Silver Sintering - Bonding Process Optimization and Characterization (2011)

7 pages
A K-Delta-1-Sigma modulator for wideband analog to digital conversion (2009)

As CMOS technology shrinks, the transistor speed increases enabling higher speed communications and more complex systems. These benefits come at the cost of decreasing inherent device gain, increased transistor leakage currents, and additional mismatches due to process variations. All of these drawbacks affect the design of high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in nano-CMOS processes. To move towards an ADC topology useful in these small processes the K-Delta-1- Sigma (KD1S) modulator-based ADC was proposed. The KD1S topology employs inherent time-interleaving with a shared opamp and K-quantizing paths and can achieve significantly higher conversion bandwidths when compared to the traditional delta-sigma ADCs. The 8-path KD1S modulator achieves an SNR of 58 dB (or 9.4-bits resolution) when clocked at 100 MHz for a conversion bandwidth of 6.25 MHz and an effective sampling rate equal to 800 MHz. The KD1S modulator has been fabricated in a 500 nm CMOS process and the experimental results are reported. Deficiencies in the first test chip performance are discussed along with their alleviation to achieve theoretical performance.
Growth and development in sickle cell anemia. Preliminary report. (1982)

Historically, adults with sickle cell anemia were described as being short, thin, and eunuchoid in appearance with a particular body habitus. More current investigations in children have suggested decreased height, weight, and hypogonadism although Jamaican studies suggest supranormal heights in adolescence. All studies to date have evaluated children at one point in time. We evaluated children with sickle cell anemia longitudinally at six monthly intervals over 3 years to assess somatic growth and the development of sexual maturation. Our data support reduced height and weight as compared to National Health Statistic norms, with normal skin fold thickness. Bone ages were significantly retarded. When a patient's chronological age was replaced by his bone age and tanner staging was done, sexual development was appropriate for bone age, suggesting delayed sexual maturation. In addition, menarche was significantly delayed. Pituitary gonadotropins showed an appropriate increase with puberty. Gonadal end organ hormones supported normal responsiveness, although an occasional patient showed depressed levels. Longitudinal data is necessary to assess children with suspected delay in somatic and sexual development. Hormonal replacement does not seem warranted in the majority of patients.
Extended depth of field by colored apodization (2011)

We describe an approach to achieving extended depth of field for a camera system based on reducing the aperture of the blue channel of a three-color camera by apodizing the lens with a yellow-colored filter. The resulting improvement in depth of field for the blue channel allows red and green channels to be digitally postprocessed for improved sharpness. Simulation confirms that our approach renders the modular transfer function of the system less dependent on object depth. Experimental test images verify the improvement in depth of field.
El proceso distribuido de datos (1981)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) continues to be the viral disease posing the greatest economic threat to agriculture. An unusually fast replication rate, extreme transmissibility, broad species tropism and antigenic diversity have made its etiologic agent, FMD virus, a difficult pathogen to defeat. Over the last 70 years, use of an inactivated virus vaccine has played a key role in disease control and eradication was possible in certain regions of the world. However, a rapidly changing environment, increased trade, population growth, international travel and migration, contribute to disease resurgence, challenging the capabilities of any available vaccine. Here we review the current knowledge on FMD vaccines and provide an outlook of novel technologies as possible improved alternatives for disease control and eradication.
Relevance of plasma fibrinogen estimation in obstetric complications. (1993)

We present a study of fibrinogen levels in 133 patients who were prone to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation as a result of an underlying complication of pregnancy such as abruptio placentae, pregnancy-induced hypertension, missed abortion, septic abortion, intrauterine fetal death, vesicular mole and amniotic fluid embolism. A high incidence of hypofibrinogenemia was found in cases of abruptio placentae (43.9%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (25%). Hypofibrinogenemia occurred in 10% cases of intrauterine fetal death within 4 weeks of fetal demise. The use of this simple investigation makes possible the diagnosis of hemostatic failure and also helps to guide replacement therapy during the fibrinopenic state. There were 4 maternal deaths and 12 perinatal losses in this study.