gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steady-state characterization of multi-phase, interleaved Dc-Dc converters for photovoltaic applications (2009)

A system-level, steady-state description of multiphase, interleaved boost converters is proposed for photovoltaic applications. The analyzed topology includes conduction losses in the coupled inductor, diodes and active switching devices. An interleaved switching scheme governed by ripple correlation control is deployed to maximize the power output of the photovoltaic source. The analytical derivations are validated against detailed numerical simulations, and their applicability over a wide range of ambient conditions is demonstrated.
A Note on Bayes Factors for Log-Linear Contingency Table Models with Vague Prior Information (1986)

SUMMARY The approximate Bayes factor, B 01, for log-linear contingency table models proposed by Spiegelhalter and Smith (1982) is indeterminate if any of the cell frequencies is zero. It is noted that use of a standard Jeffreys prior overcomes this difficulty. It is pointed out that – 2 log B 01 is approximately equivalent to Schwarz's (1978) model selection criterion in large samples.
EMI Shields made from intercalated graphite composites (1995)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding typically makes up about twenty percent of the mass of a spacecraft power system. Graphite fiber/polymer composites have significantly lower densities and higher strengths than aluminum, the present material of choice for EMI shields, but they lack the electrical conductivity that enables acceptable shielding effectiveness. Bromine intercalated pitch-based graphite/epoxy composites have conductivities fifty times higher than conventional structural graphite fibers. Calculations are presented which indicate that EMI shields made from such composites can have sufficient shielding at less than 20% of the mass of conventional aluminum shields. EMI shields provide many functions other than EMI shielding including physical protection, thermal management, and shielding from ionizing radiation. Intercalated graphite composites perform well in these areas also. Mechanically, they have much higher specific strength and modulus than aluminum. They also have shorter half thicknesses for x-rays and gamma radiation than aluminum. Thermally, they distribute infra-red radiation by absorbing and re-radiating it rather than concentrating it by reflection as aluminum does. The prospects for intercalated graphite fiber/polymer composites for EMI shielding are encouraging.
Increasing Speed of Processing With Action Video Games (2009)

In many everyday situations, speed is of the essence. However, fast decisions typically mean more mistakes. To this day, it remains unknown whether reaction times can be reduced with appropriate training, within one individual, across a range of tasks, and without compromising accuracy. Here we review evidence that the very act of playing action video games significantly reduces reaction times without sacrificing accuracy. Critically, this increase in speed is observed across various tasks beyond game situations. Video gaming may therefore provide an efficient training regimen to induce a general speeding of perceptual reaction times without decreases in accuracy of performance.
Studies on egg shells. XVII.—variations in membrane thickness and in true shell nitrogen over different parts of the same shell (1961)

Abstract Variations in membrane thickness and in total, insoluble and soluble nitrogen in the true shell over different parts of the same shell have been considered. For membrane thickness the variations around any particular latitude were much smaller than variations along any longitude. Variations around any one collar were greater for membrane thickness than for shell thickness and greater for total nitrogen than for membrane thickness.
Study of Random Dopant Fluctuation Effects in FD-SOI MOSFET Using Analytical Threshold Voltage Model (2010)

An analytical threshold voltage model developed for a nonuniformly doped channel is used to study the random dopant fluctuation (RDF) effects in FD-SOI MOSFETs. RDF results in nonuniform doping in the channel, leading to deviation in the threshold voltage, which can be computed using this analytical model. The effect of device parameters on RDF-induced threshold voltage deviations is also investigated. For each study, a large sample size has been used. This has been possible owing to the computational efficiency of the analytical model. Studies on the threshold voltage variation due to combined effects of RDF and other device parameter fluctuations have also been carried out.
SpoVM, a small protein essential to development in Bacillus subtilis, interacts with the ATP-dependent protease FtsH (1997)

The spoVM gene encodes a 26-amino-acid polypeptide that is essential for spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. A transposon insertion within the spoVM open reading frame has been shown to encode a chimeric protein which is biologically inactive and produces a phenotype identical to that of a deletion and insertion mutation. A genetic approach was used to identify possible interacting proteins, and the membrane-bound FtsH protease was identified. Mutations in ftsH suppressed the sporulation defect of certain spoVM mutants but not others. However, production of the mother cell sigma factors, sigmaE and sigmaK, was abnormal in the suppressed strains, and mutations in either spoVM or ftsH alone impaired sigma factor production and sporulation gene expression. Using FtsH purified from Escherichia coli, we demonstrated that in vitro (i) SpoVM inhibits FtsH protease activity and (ii) SpoVM is a substrate for the FtsH protease. We propose that during sporulation, SpoVM serves as a competitive inhibitor of FtsH activity. This interaction appears to be important for completion of the prespore engulfment step of sporulation, based on the phenotype of certain spoVM ftsH double mutants.
AN <italic>IN VITRO</italic> STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL DURABILITY OF SILICEOUS FIBRES (1987)

A comparative in vitro study of the chemical durability of industrial man-made and natural mineral fibres was performed in a simulated extracellular fluid under flow conditions. Seven vitreous, three refractory and three natural fibres were involved. Samples of the leachate were analysed and the silicon concentrations (referred to the initial fibre weights and to the weight fraction of silicon in the fibres) were used to roughly classify the fibres according to their chemical durability in terms of glass network dissolution. In some cases, the effect of selective leaching was demonstrated by potassium or boron analysis. In order to establish a final classification, the effects of the fibre material and of the fibre geometry had to be separated by an appropriate mathematical procedure. Thus, a durability ‘ranking’ of fibre materials was achieved and expressed in terms of a characteristic time required for the complete dissolution of single fibres of given diameter. Man-made mineral fibres exhibited relatively poor durability (with network dissolution velocities ranging from 3.5 to 0.2 nm per day for a glass wool and an E glass fibre, respectively) whereas natural fibres were very persistent against the attack of the biological fluid (e.g. less than 0.01 nm per day for crocidolite).
School Principals: the Emerging Community Heroes as the 1990s Unfold (1989)

This writer, an enthusiastic advocate for site-based management, has some strong opinions on the role of the principal as an instructional leader. He shares them on the following pages.
Positive realization of reduced RLCM nets (2011)

Model Order Reduction is nowadays routinely applied as a basic step in order to enable the efficient simulation of very large RLC linear models, such as extracted parasitics and circuit oriented EM extraction. Often, such reduced models are synthetized as a subcircuit and ported to simulation environments for multiple subsequent runs. Such an approach is quite common as often designers prefer to work with circuit netlists as opposed to abstract mathematical representations and furthermore, many simulators can only handle circuit elements. However, the potential advantages provided by the reduction may be compromised when the dense reduced models are synthetized to netlists due to the presence of non-physical elements (such as negative RLC) or a large number of controlled sources. Such issues may hinder efficiency or even completely preclude analysis as many simulators cannot handle non-physical elements whose handling is altogether questionable. This paper proposes a methodology for the synthesis of reduced order models of general multiport RLC nets amenable to be included in standard simulation environments. Unlike other previously published approaches, the methodology generates very compact models while guaranteeing the positiveness of the RLC values, which allows their direct confinement in any SPICE-like circuit simulator.
Kinetics of voiding and agglomeration of copper nanolayers on silica (2005)

We report the kinetics of annealing-induced dewetting of sub-$60\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick Cu films on silicon dioxide based upon in situ electrical resistance, ex situ scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Cu films become discontinuous upon annealing between $\ensuremath{\sim}300$ and $600\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ through void nucleation and island formation. Films dewet via two kinetically limiting sequential processes: void nucleation by grain boundary grooving (activation energy ${E}_{a}=1.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$) followed by void growth and islanding through surface diffusion of Cu at the $\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface, i.e., surface spreading, (activation energy ${E}_{a}=0.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). The kinetic pathway for dewetting is film-thickness dependent. For film thinner than $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, complete dewetting occurs between 300 and $450\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ and is limited by surface diffusion of Cu at the $\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface, while for thicker films $(>20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ dewetting is governed solely by grain boundary grooving. This thickness-dependent dewetting is described by a phenomenological model validated by the evolution of mean roughness and lateral correlation length of the Cu surface. This work provides a framework for evaluating the morphological stability on ultrathin metal films on dielectric materials, in particular those being considered for use in micro- and nanodevice structures.
Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Mouse Thyrotropin β-Subunit Gene Promoter in Transfected Primary Thyrotropes (1989)

In TtT 97 cells, a thyrotropin-producing mouse pituitary tumor, thyroid hormone rapidly inhibits the transcription rate of both the thyrotropin alpha- and beta-subunit (TSH beta) genes, and this closely parallels the increase in nuclear thyroid hormone receptor occupancy. In this study, we have identified regions of the mouse TSH beta gene which are involved in mediating tissue-specific and thyroid hormone-regulated expression. Transient expression studies were performed using a series of chimeric plasmids in which 5'-flanking DNA was ligated to the firefly luciferase gene. Following transfection by electroporation, efficient expression of TSH beta 5'-flanking luciferase constructs occurred only in cells derived from TtT 97 tumors which express the endogenous TSH beta gene. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the region of the 5'-flanking DNA between positions -271 and -80 relative to the major transcriptional start site is important for TSH beta promoter activity in thyrotropes. No expression was measurable in mouse L cells, a fibroblast line, whereas a low level of expression was seen in MGH 101A cells derived from a thyrotropic tumor which no longer expresses the TSH beta gene. Reduced expression of TSH beta constructs was also found in GH3 and GH4 pituitary tumor lines. Addition of thyroid hormone effectively inhibited the level of transient TSH beta promoter activity in TtT 97 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced and more accurately reflected the transcription rate data when transfected cells were derived from tumors treated with thyroid hormone for 5 days prior to transfection. Deletion of all but 46 base pairs of TSH beta gene 5'-flanking DNA and 3 base pairs of the first exon had no effect on thyroid hormone inhibition. This indicates that signals sufficient for transcriptional regulation of the TSH beta gene by thyroid hormone reside in the vicinity of the proximal promoter and may act by interfering with basal transcriptional factors.
Recent advances in ceramic joining in the context of the needs of CFCC systems (1997)

As a part of the DOE Center of Excellence for the Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials, a distributed activity coupling twelve national laboratories, research in the joining of ceramics to ceramics and to dissimilar materials is in progress. Included are activities involving reaction bonding, displacement reactions, transient liquid phases, polymeric precursors, and functionally graded joints. A discussion of particular needs associated with the joining of continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs), encountered in the design of structural systems to demonstrate their performance at elevated temperatures, will first be presented. This will be followed by a presentation of initial results obtained in evaluating the above joining technologies in the context of the CFCC joining needs.
Lower Voltage Operation of a Phase Change Memory Device with a Highly Resistive TiON Layer (2004)

The electrical switching behaviors of an offset-type phase change memory device with a highly resistive TiON layer were investigated, where the TiON layer (7 nm thick) was formed at a 70 nm wide contact between Ge 1 Sb 2 Te 4 and TiN layers. Reversible transitions between crystalline (set) and amorphous (reset) phases were found to occur at relatively lower reset and set voltages, as compared with a device having no TiON layer. These results hold a high promise for a low-power operation of a phase change memory device.
女性主义政治哲学探析：对话艾利斯·马瑞恩·扬 (2013)

美国女性主义哲学杂志《希帕蒂亚》（Hypatia）2008年第3期刊发了西班牙庞培法布拉大学教授内务斯·托比斯科·卡萨尔斯（NeusTorbiscoCasals）和加拿大约克大学教授艾迪尔·博兰（IdilBoran）2002年对艾利斯·马瑞恩·扬（IrisMarionYoung）进行的书面采访。艾利斯·马瑞恩·扬（1949--2006）生前是美国芝加哥大学政治学教授，主要研究正义理论、民主理论和女性主义理论。全文主要内容如下。
An algorithm for maximizing expected log investment return (1984)

Let the random (stock market) vector <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X \geq 0</tex> be drawn according to a known distribution function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F(x), x \in R^{m}</tex> . A log-optimal portfolio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b^{\ast}</tex> is any portfolio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> achieving maximal expected <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\log</tex> return <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W^{\ast}=\sup_{b} E \ln b^{t}X</tex> , where the supremum is over the simplex <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b \geq 0, \sum_{i=1}^{m} b_{i} = 1</tex> . An algorithm is presented for finding <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b^{\ast}</tex> . The algorithm consists of replacing the portfolio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> by the expected portfolio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b^{'}, b_{i}^{'} = E(b_{i}X_{i}/b^{t}X)</tex> , corresponding to the expected proportion of holdings in each stock after one market period. The improvement in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W(b)</tex> after each iteration is lower-bounded by the Kullback-Leibler information number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D(b^{'}\|b)</tex> between the current and updated portfolios. Thus the algorithm monotonically improves the return <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</tex> . An upper bound on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W^{\ast}</tex> is given in terms of the current portfolio and the gradient, and the convergence of the algorithm is established.
Studies on the Formation of Amino Acids from Keto Acids (1950)

Amino acids were prepared by shaking an aqueous solution of ammonia and pyruvic acid or levulinic acid in the presence of Raney nickel at room temperature. The formation of amino acids is due to the action of hydrogen absorbed in Raney nickel. As the results, alanine and γ-aminovaleric acid were obtained respectirely. One of the author's(10) has reported previously that ammonium formate is decomposed into hydrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide, when heated in the presence of Raney nickel. Using this hydrogen, amino acids were prepared from keto acids. Namely, an aqueous solution containing ammonium salts of keto acid and formic acid was boiled in the presence of Raney nickel. Alanine was also obtained in this case.
Evans Review No. 4: Functional genomics in chickpea: an emerging frontier for molecular-assisted breeding (2007)

Chickpea is a valuable and important agricultural crop, but yield potential is limited by a series of biotic and abiotic stresses, including Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, drought, cold and salinity. To accelerate molecular breeding efforts for the discovery and introgression of stress tolerance genes into cultivated chickpea, functional genomics approaches are rapidly growing. Recently a series of genetic tools for chickpea have become available that have allowed high-powered functional genomics studies to proceed, including a dense genetic map, large insert genome libraries, expressed sequence tag libraries, microarrays, serial analysis of gene expression, transgenics and reverse genetics. This review summarises the development of these genomic tools and the achievements made in initial and emerging functional genomics studies. Much of the initial research focused on Ascochyta blight resistance, and a resistance model has been synthesised based on the results of various studies. Use of the rich comparative genomics resources from the model legumes Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus is also discussed. Finally, perspectives on the future directions for chickpea functional genomics, with the goal of developing elite chickpea cultivars, are discussed.
Drácena versus tolueno (2002)

En general, las plantas actuan como filtros naturales, absorbiendo del medio ambiente los productos contaminantes presentes en el. Se ha estudiado como algunos vegetales son especialmente eficaces contra determinados productos toxicos, como los vapores organicos. Quienes trabajamos en la conservacion - restauracion podemos beneficiarnos de esto en nuestros centros de trabajo, en los que es habitual la emision de sustancias nocivas para la salud.
Statistische und numerische Methoden der Datenanalyse (1998)

Der Umfang des Datenmaterials in Wissenschaft und Technik nimmt immer schneller zu; seine Auswertung und Beurteilung erweisen sich zunehmend als die eigentliche Schwierigkeit bei vielen wichtigen Prob
An Integrated Isolation/Gate Process For Sub-quarter Micron Technologies (1993)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of a novel process in which the oxide/poly stack used in poly buffer LOCOS (PBL) is the same as the oxide/poly of the transistor gate [1]. We have obtained adequate isolation down to 0.3μm separation, along with superior gate oxide quality, as well as transistors with higher current drive and low leakage currents. In this process the field oxide (FOX) etch-backs are reduced, hence the as-grown FOX can be made thinner resulting in less encroachment, and less FOX thinning. In addition this process, despite the use of a thin pad-oxide (being the same as the gate-oxide), yields a more gentle thinox/FOX transition region which helps improve the gate oxide quality. It also avoids the problem of removing the PBL poly from the active device areas which in the case of thin pad-oxides could become prohibitively difficult.
Trust in merged ERP and open data schemes in the “Cloud” (2014)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are rapidly being combined with “big data” analytics processes and publicly available “open data sets”, which are usually outside the arena of the enterprise, to expand activity through better service to current clients as well as identifying new opportunities. Moreover, these activities are now largely based around relevant software systems hosted in a “cloud computing” environment. However, the over 50- year old phrase related to mistrust in computer systems, namely “garbage in, garbage out” or “GIGO”, is used to describe problems of unqualified and unquestioning dependency on information systems. However, a more relevant GIGO interpretation arose sometime later, namely “garbage in, gospel out” signifying that with large scale information systems based around ERP and open datasets as well as “big data” analytics, particularly in a cloud environment, the ability to verify the authenticity and integrity of the data sets used may be almost impossible. In turn, this may easily result in decision making based upon questionable results which are unverifiable. Illicit “impersonation” of and modifications to legitimate data sets may become a reality while at the same time the ability to audit any derived results of analysis may be an important requirement, particularly in the public sector. The pressing need for enhancement of identity, reliability, authenticity and audit services, including naming and addressing services, in this emerging environment is discussed in this paper. Some current and appropriate technologies currently being offered are also examined. However, severe limitations in addressing the problems identified are found and the paper proposes further necessary research work for the area. (Note: This paper is based on an earlier unpublished paper/presentation “Identity, Addressing, Authenticity and Audit Requirements for Trust in ERP, Analytics and Big/Open Data in a ‘Cloud’ Computing Environment: A Review and Proposal” presented to the Department of Accounting and IT, College of Management, National Chung Chen University, 20 November 2013.)
Site-specific ribosomal DNA insertion elements in<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>and<i>A.arbiensis</i>: nucleotide sequence of gene-element boundaries (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the junctions between the 28S ribosomal gene and site-specific insertion elements from two sibling mosquito species, Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis, is reported. In both species, elements insert at the same point within the 28S gene, but this site is 634 basepairs (bp) 3' of the R1 (Type I) insertion site in Drosophila melanogaster. The two mosquito elements each have poly A tails and a polyadenylation signal, but the extreme 3' and 5' ends show no other similarity to each other or to any other insertion element. In both mosquito species, identical target site duplications of 17 bp are generated. The sequence TNTCCCTNT found in this duplication is also found in the 14 bp target site duplications that flank R1 elements in D. melanogaster. Another sequence in this duplication, GGGATAACT, is very similar to the sequence GGGAGTAACT found in the 24 base sequence required by the Bombyx mori R2 endonuclease.