gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Periodic Structure Density Functional Theory Study of Propylene Chemisorption in Acidic Chabazite:  Effect of Zeolite Structure Relaxation (2002)

Density functional theory (DFT) periodic structure calculations have been employed to investigate the interaction of propylene within the acidic chabazite zeolite (Si/Al = 11). In agreement with previous studies, it is found that secondary alkoxy formation is preferred over primary alkoxy formation. Steric constraints appear not to affect the course of the reaction. Analysis of the radial distribution of the zeolitic atoms with respect to the Brønsted site aluminum atom allows further insight into the reaction. Changes in the zeolite oxygen atom position are more significant than those of the zeolite silicon atoms. Relaxation of unit cell size and shape has a dramatic influence on energetic parameters of the reaction path.
BlinkComm: Initialization of IoT Devices Using Visible Light Communication (2018)

Many applications from the Internet of Things (IoT) domain used in healthcare, smart homes, and cities involve a large number of interconnected wireless devices. To ensure privacy, confidentiality, and integrity of the information, devices should be initialized prior to any communication. In this paper, we present a secure initialization method for constrained IoT devices such as wireless sensors devices and/or actuators. The solution uses visible light communication (VLC) for the initial configuration of the IoT devices. The VLC system consists of a modulated light source such as a smartphone screen and a very simple photodetector. We analyze known coding and modulation techniques used for the VLC and propose BlinkComm, a differential coding technique that achieves threefold increase in transmission speed compared to existing solutions. We showed through experiments with 32 participants that the proposed solution achieves fast completion times and low error rates as well as high user satisfaction levels.
Docosahexaenoic acid induces proteasome-dependent degradation of  -catenin, down-regulation of survivin and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells not expressing COX-2 (2006)

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to powerfully inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells, mainly acting as pro-apoptotic agents through inhibition of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Since dysregulation of beta-catenin expression is frequently found at early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis, we analyzed whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may modify the expression of beta-catenin in colon cancer cells (SW480 and HCT116) over-expressing this protein, but lacking COX-2. Futhermore, we investigated if alterations in beta-catenin expression may be associated with apoptosis induction. Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of DHA induced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of beta-catenin protein expression which, however, was not accompanied by modifications in beta-catenin transcription. Conversely, the proteasomal inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin prevented DHA-induced beta-catenin decrease, suggesting that DHA may regulate the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin. The reduced levels of beta-catenin were accompanied by decreased translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor in concert with T-Cell Factor (TCF). DHA, at the same range of concentrations, was also able to induce apoptosis by a caspase-3-dependent mechanism and to cause a dose- and time-dependent decrease of survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor undetectable in normal tissues and expressed in colorectal cancer through TCF-beta-catenin stimulation. Several other proteins regulated by the TCF-beta-catenin pathway and involved in regulation of tumor growth were down-regulated by DHA, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta, membrane type 1 (MT1)-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), MMP-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The present study, thus, raises the possibility that DHA may exert pro-apoptotic and antitumoral effects through proteasomal regulation of beta-catenin levels and alterations in the expression of TCF-beta-catenin target genes.
Implementing time-interval class for managing temporal data (2002)

This paper describes a way of implementing a conceptual model for temporal data on an object database system. In fact, the model which we have proposed is implemented as a class library. Any application can employ the library, because it does not depend on specific applications. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced version of Time Index. Temporal queries including a lot of events are effectively processed with the enhanced Time Index.
Early Brain Overgrowth in Autism Associated With an Increase in Cortical Surface Area Before Age 2 Years (2011)

Our longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study found generalized cerebral cortical enlargement in children with ASD, with a disproportionate enlargement in temporal lobe white matter. There was no significant difference from controls in the rate of brain growth for this age interval, indicating that brain enlargement in ASD results from an increased rate of brain growth before age 2 years. The presence of increased cortical volume, but not cortical thickness, suggests that early brain enlargement may be associated with increased cortical surface area. Cortical surface area overgrowth in ASD may underlie brain enlargement and implicates a distinct set of pathogenic mechanisms.
Clinical Outcomes of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Carriers of <i>BMPR2</i> Mutation (2008)

BMPR2 mutation carriers with PAH present approximately 10 years earlier than noncarriers, with a more severe hemodynamic compromise at diagnosis.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS PNEUMONIA AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1993)

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia complicated bone marrow transplantation in 75 (63 allogeneic and 12 autologous) of 1136 recipients (Kaplan-Meier incidence 8.8%). CMV pneumonia occurred more frequently in allogeneic (12.4%) than autologous recipients (3.3%). Increased risk for CMV pneumonia was observed in allogeneic recipients who were seropositive (relative risk = 2.9), older age (RR = 1.4 per decade), those conditioned with total-body irradiation (RR = 2.7), who received antithymocyte globulin (RR = 2.9) or T cell-depleted marrow (RR = 2.7) or who had CMV viruria (RR = 4.0) or viremia (RR = 5.9). Autologous recipients were also at increased risk if they were seropositive (RR = 6.1), or developed viruria (RR = 7.0) or viremia (RR = 15.4). Thirteen of 14 untreated patients died without improvement. Prognosis was poor in patients who were ventilator-dependent at initiation of therapy (median survival 17 days), with only 1 long-term survivor. In contrast, patients ventilator-independent at initiation of therapy with ganciclovir and immunoglobulin (n = 22) had a median survival of > 274 days, with 9 long-term survivors. Ganciclovir alone or acyclovir with immunoglobulin in ventilator-independent patients was less effective (median survivals 80 and 10 days, respectively). Overall, 10 of 75 patients were surviving 10-73 months (median 47) from diagnosis; 9 of these were ventilator-independent at initiation of therapy and received ganciclovir with immunoglobulin. CMV pneumonia was less common, but was severe in autologous recipients, with only 2 of 12 surviving. CMV pneumonia remains a prominent cause of death following BMT. Early therapy with ganciclovir and immunoglobulin before respiratory failure supervenes may improve survival.
Electrical Hand Burns (1968)

Electrical burns make up only 2% of all burn injuries in Denmark. In the course of about 6 years 31 patients with electrical hand burns have been admitted to the Burns Unit, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen. The causes are reviewed. Three of the injuries were caused by high-tension current (> 1000 volts), the remaining 28 by 220 or 380 v. alternate current. Unlike the electrical mouth burns in children, the hand injuries were not due to any predominant single cause. The causes were defective flexes, incorrectly mounted plugs, short-circuit in bracket lamps and T.V. sets. Accordingly, the only form of prophylaxis against electrical hand burns is to have all repairs done by skilled persons who must observe the working instructions and display common sense. In our opinion, the treatment should be early excision and coverage with a pedicled flap if tendon or bone is exposed. Electrical injuries show a marked tendency to progress in the depth, and, if treated conservatively, often lead to septic necrosis. If the wounds are covered primarily by a pedicled flap, aseptic fibrosis is the worst that may happen. Of the 31 patients 12 were treated by pedicled flap, with a satisfactory result in all.
Bending of high strength polymer gel in an electric field. (1989)

内部にポリアクリル酸ナトリウムを含有した高強度ポリビニルアルコールヒドロゲル (PVA-PAAゲル) の電解質溶液中において電場の作用で発現する屈曲現象の詳細を明らかにするとともに, 高分子ゲルの電場屈曲性を応用した駆動システムを設計製作した. PVA-PAAゲルは直流電場下で負極側に大きく屈曲した. この現象は高分子ゲルが見せる膨潤挙動の一つであって可動イオンの移動で浸透圧が変動するために発現する. 屈曲速度は印加電圧と外部溶液の電解質濃度に依存し, 屈曲の歪みはイオンの移動量すなわち電荷量により決定された. PVA-PAAゲルと二枚の白金電極を積層してなる触指をもつロポットとPVA-PAAゲル製尾ひれをもつ人工魚を製作した. 触指は電解質溶液中で電場の作用で屈伸して物体をつかみ, そして放すことができた. 人工魚は電解質溶液中で電場により尾ひれを振ってダイナミックに泳ぎ, 屈伸運動を介して並進運動を行うことが確かめられた.
Electron tunnel ionization: the pulse length and wavelength dependence (2000)

An extension of the Keldysh formulation for electron tunnel ionization has resulted in a description of laser-induced dielectric breakdown with the following features: threshold optical field is predictive based on material properties such as ionization potential, number density, and refractive index. Time to damage is predicted to occur at or slightly beyond the peak laser intensity. Threshold breakdown fields depend on gas pressure as p<SUP>-1/3</SUP>. Threshold field varies with pulse duration as t<SUP>-1/4</SUP>. The perceived anomalously high strong-field ionization rate of O<SUB>2</SUB> as compared to Xe is explained. Acceptable agreement with measured threshold is seen for a range of materials with 0.000036 < n - 1 < 1.4, and threshold field varies approximately as (Lambda) <SUP>0.77</SUP> for 0.248 micrometers < 1 < 2.94 micrometers . Specific pulse shapes can be simulated and their effects predicted.
Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. (1995)

Glucosamine (Glmn), a product of glucose metabolism via the hexosamine pathway, causes insulin resistance in isolated adipocytes by impairing insulin-induced GLUT 4 glucose transporter translocation to the plasma membrane. We hypothesized that Glmn causes insulin resistance in vivo by a similar mechanism in skeletal muscle. We performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps (12 mU/kg/min + 3H-3-glucose) in awake male Sprague-Dawley rats with and without Glmn infusion at rates ranging from 0.1 to 6.5 mg/kg/min. After 4h of euglycemic clamping, hindquarter muscles were quick-frozen and homogenized, and membranes were subfractionated by differential centrifugation and separated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient (25, 30, and 35% sucrose). Membrane proteins were solubilized and immunoblotted for GLUT 4. With Glmn, glucose uptake (GU) was maximally reduced by 33 +/- 1%, P < 0.001. The apparent Glmn dose to reduce maximal GU by 50% was 0.1 mg/kg/min or 1/70th the rate of GU on a molar basis. Control galactosamine and mannosamine infusions had no effect on GU. Relative to baseline, insulin caused a 2.6-fold increase in GLUT 4 in the 25% membrane fraction (f), P < 0.01, and a 40% reduction in the 35%f, P < 0.05, but had no effect on GLUT 4 in the 30% f, P= NS. Addition of Glmn to insulin caused a 41% reduction of GLUT 4 in the 25%f, P < 0.05, a 29% fall in the 30%f, and prevented the reduction of GLUT 4 in the 35% f. The 30%f membranes were subjected to a second separation with a 27 and 30% sucrose gradient. Insulin mobilized GLUT 4 away from the 30%f, P < 0.05, but not the 27% f. In contrast, Glmn reduced GLUT 4 in the 27%f, P < 0.05, but not the 30%f. Thus Glmn appears to alter translocation of an insulin-insensitive GLUT 4 pool. Coinfusion of Glmn did not alter enrichment of the sarcolemmal markers 5'-nucleotidase, Na+/K+ATPase, and phospholemman in either 25, 30, or 35% f. Thus Glmn completely blocked movement of Glut 4 induced by insulin. Glmn is a potent inducer of insulin resistance in vivo by causing (at least in part) a defect intrinsic to GLUT 4 translocation and/or trafficking. These data support a potential role for Glmn to cause glucose-induced insulin resistance (glucose toxicity).
Multiplexing DNA methylation markers to detect circulating cell-free DNA derived from human pancreatic β cells (2020)

It has been proposed that unmethylated insulin promoter fragments in plasma derive exclusively from β cells, reflect their recent demise, and can be used to assess β cell damage in type 1 diabetes. Herein we describe an ultrasensitive assay for detection of a β cell-specific DNA methylation signature, by simultaneous assessment of 6 DNA methylation markers, that identifies β cell DNA in mixtures containing as little as 0.03% β cell DNA (less than 1 β cell genome equivalent). Based on this assay, plasma from nondiabetic individuals (N = 218, aged 4-78 years) contained on average only 1 β cell genome equivalent/mL. As expected, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from β cells was significantly elevated in islet transplant recipients shortly after transplantation. We also detected β cell cfDNA in a patient with KATP congenital hyperinsulinism, in which substantial β cell turnover is thought to occur. Strikingly, in contrast to previous reports, we observed no elevation of β cell-derived cfDNA in autoantibody-positive subjects at risk for type 1 diabetes (N = 32), individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (<4 months, N = 92), or those with long-standing disease (>4 months, N = 38). We discuss the utility of sensitive β cell cfDNA analysis and potential explanations for the lack of a β cell cfDNA signal in type 1 diabetes.
Chromatographic Techniques for Petroleum and Related Products (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: petroleumcoal productshydrocarbon typesimulated distillationgas chromatographyliquid chromatographysupercritical fluid chromatographysupercritical fluid extractionthin-layer chromatographysize-exclusion chromatography
Deep UV LEDs for Public Health Applications (2014)

In 2011, According to the World Health Organization, roughly 768 million people did not use any improved sources for drinking water while 185 million people relied on only regular surface water in order to meet their drinking water needs. The number of people living in slums with no clean water supply is expected to double by 2030 to 2 billion. Each year in U.S. hospitals there are an estimated 1.7 million healthcare acquired infections (HAI) resulting in approximately 99,000 deaths (2007 data). Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (DUV LEDs) technology can help solve these and a variety of other problems related to public health and wellbeing. In contrast to more conventional UV sources, such as mercury lamps, DUV LEDs do not require any warm up time, are toxic chemical free, and possess the capability to be molded into compact systems. The DUV LED diodes fabricated by SET, Inc. are based on III-Nitride Semiconductors ( AlGaN ). These devices are capable of providing spectral power distribution with the peak emission wavelengths from 227 nm to 340 nm. A novel compact low flow water purification unit using DUV LEDs demonstrated a 4.15 LOG reduction of viral MS2 bacteriophage and > 6 LOG (99.9999%) reduction of E.coli at 100mL/min flow and 40mW of optical output power. At higher optical output powers, the LOG reduction begins to saturate and taper off. The water disinfection unit incorporated 20 TO-39 packages and was controlled by a single custom power supply. Arrangement of the LEDs insured minimal to no shadowing of influent water. The germicidal efficacy of the system was further enhanced by photon recycling using UV-reflecting chamber walls and multiple passes through exposed water stream. The water disinfection units are geared towards affordable and durable Point-of-Use (POU) drinking water systems. Current modifications are being made in order to further increase the efficacy of the water disinfection units at higher flow rates and lower power requirements. DUV LED technology was also used to design efficient hard surface microbial disinfection systems. Many microbes have become more resistant to everyday chemical disinfectants. Higher dose and more concentrated chemical solutions are needed to the point that they themselves become toxic for humans. Initial testing has produced visual evidence of microbial inactivation on hard surfaces contaminated with E.coli. Testing involved a single SETi TO-39 package with a wavelength of approximately 275nm. A higher than the 2 LOG reduction at approximately 1 mW optical output power was achieved. Based on these results, a 2 nd generation system was designed for portable DUV LED cell phone disinfection containing few separate LED chips at 270-275 nm. Initial testing revealed an almost 2 LOG (99%) reduction of E.coli after 30 minutes of exposure at low microbial influent levels.
Formation of NiAl <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> by Solid State Reaction (1966)

The growth of nickel‐aluminum spinel, NiAl 2 O 4 , in diffusion couples of polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 and NiO was investigated between 1200° and 1500°C. The growth kinetics for the spinel layer obeyed a parabolic rate law in this temperature range. Marker experiments showed that the spinel layer formed by counterdiffusion of nickel and aluminum ions. Comparison of experimental and theoretical values of the parabolic rate constants suggests that the diffusion of aluminum ions through the spinel layer is rate controlling.
Silicon nanowire arrays based &#x201C;black silicon&#x201D; solar cells (2009)

Recently, great attention has been put on the possible applications of nanotechnology in photovoltaics. Here, we report room temperature growth of large area black silicon surface consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) array with reflectivity reduced to < 4% in the entire spectral range (300-1000 nm) of interest for solar cells and fabrication of solar cell (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> structure) on such "black silicon" substrates. Growth of SiNW arrays was carried out on p-type (1-5 Ω-cm) crystalline silicon wafers by a silver induced wet chemical etching process in aqueous HF+AgNO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> etching solution. For solar cell fabrication, SiNW arrays were grown selectively on the active device area (on the front) by protecting the regions where front contacts are to be made. The n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> structure based solar cells were fabricated by conventional cell fabrication protocol. The present process overcomes the front electrode contact problem addressed before in case of SiNWs based silicon solar cells.
Script-to-Movie: A Computational Framework for Story Movie Composition (2012)

Traditional movie production has always been a highly professional work that needs team collaboration, advanced devices and techniques, and vast time and money investment. These high threshold requirements not only prevent mass amateur enthusiasts entering this field, but also hinder professionals quickly previewing their conceived story plots. In this paper, we raise a novel application, named script-to-movie (S2M) composition, to automatically produce new movies from existing videos in accordance with user created script. Our motivation is to liberate producers from complex filming and editing operations, thereby people's story idea can be instantly converted into the vivid movie video. To support the novel “What You Dream Is What You See” (WYDIWYS) production mode, we first propose a hierarchical alignment method to automatically construct a video material database with detailed semantic description. Considering diverse story plots in user designed script, the database contains abundant video materials about different characters appearing in various time and places conditions. On this basis, the S2M composition is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where semantic story plot and syntactic visual content are synthetically considered to identify a group of optimal video segments to narrate the user designed script story. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed S2M application.
Guided profiling for auto-tuning array layouts on GPUs (2015)

Auto-tuning for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has become very popular in recent years. It removes the necessity to hand-tune GPU code especially when a new hardware architecture is released. Our auto-tuner optimizes memory access patterns. This is a key aspect to exploit the full performance of modern GPUs. As the memory hierarchy has historically changed in nearly every GPU generation, it was necessary to reoptimize the code for all of these new architectures. Unfortunately, the solution space for memory optimizations in large applications can easily reach millions of configurations for a single kernel. This vast number of implementations cannot be fully evaluated in a feasible time. In this paper we present an adaptive profiling algorithm that aims at finding a near optimal configuration within a fraction of the global optimum, while reducing the profiling time by several orders of magnitude compared to an exhaustive search. Our algorithm is aimed at and evaluated on large real-world applications.
A quantitative performance analysis model for GPU architectures (2011)

We develop a microbenchmark-based performance model for NVIDIA GeForce 200-series GPUs. Our model identifies GPU program bottlenecks and quantitatively analyzes performance, and thus allows programmers and architects to predict the benefits of potential program optimizations and architectural improvements. In particular, we use a microbenchmark-based approach to develop a throughput model for three major components of GPU execution time: the instruction pipeline, shared memory access, and global memory access. Because our model is based on the GPU's native instruction set, we can predict performance with a 5-15% error. To demonstrate the usefulness of the model, we analyze three representative real-world and already highly-optimized programs: dense matrix multiply, tridiagonal systems solver, and sparse matrix vector multiply. The model provides us detailed quantitative analysis on performance, allowing us to understand the configuration of the fastest dense matrix multiply implementation and to optimize the tridiagonal solver and sparse matrix vector multiply by 60% and 18% respectively. Furthermore, our model applied to analysis on these codes allows us to suggest architectural improvements on hardware resource allocation, avoiding bank conflicts, block scheduling, and memory transaction granularity.
Strengths of Ceramic Fibers at Elevated Temperatures (1989)

Tensile strengths were measured and Young's moduli were estimated for two SiC‐based and three oxide ceramic fibers for temperatures from 25° to 1400°C. The SiC‐based fibers were stronger but less stiff than the oxide fibers at room temperature and retained more of both strength and stiffness to high temperatures. High‐temperature strengths of the SiC‐based fibers were limited by internal void formation and oxidation; those of the oxide fibers were limited by softening of an intergranular glassy phase.