gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cosmic Microwave Background Component Separation by Parameter Estimation (2006)

We propose a solution to the CMB component separation problem based on standard parameter estimation techniques. We assume a parametric spectral model for each signal component, and fit the corresponding parameters pixel by pixel in a two-stage process. First we fit for the full parameter set (e.g., component amplitudes and spectral indices) in low-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio maps using MCMC, obtaining both best-fit values for each parameter, and the associated uncertainty. The goodness-of-fit is evaluated by a chi^2 statistic. Then we fix all non-linear parameters at their low-resolution best-fit values, and solve analytically for high-resolution component amplitude maps. This likelihood approach has many advantages: The fitted model may be chosen freely, and the method is therefore completely general; all assumptions are transparent; no restrictions on spatial variations of foreground properties are imposed; the results may be rigorously monitored by goodness-of-fit tests; and, most importantly, we obtain reliable error estimates on all estimated quantities. We apply the method to simulated Planck and six-year WMAP data based on realistic models, and show that separation at the muK level is indeed possible in these cases. We also outline how the foreground uncertainties may be rigorously propagated through to the CMB power spectrum and cosmological parameters using a Gibbs sampling technique.
Potent Skin Cancer Chemopreventing Activity of Some Novel Semi-synthetic Cembranoids from Marine Sources (2006)

In the course of our continuing research in development and evaluation of novel skin cancer chemopreventive agents from marine sources, five semi-synthetic cembranoids derived from the marine natural product sarcophine, isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum, were synthesized and shown to exhibit a remarkable chemopreventive activity in the in-vitro Epstein Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) activation assay. These compounds were assayed in vivo using the two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter by topical administration. They showed potent inhibition of both percentage incidence of skin tumor as well asthe multiplicity of skin tumors per mouse compared to untreated controls.Semi-synthetic Cembranoids from Marine Sources
The Curvelet Representation of Wave Propagators is Optimally Sparse (2004)

This paper argues that curvelets provide a powerful tool for representing very general linear symmetric systems of hyperbolic differential equations. Curvelets are a recently developed multiscale system in which the elements are highly anisotropic at fine scales, with effective support shaped according to the parabolic scaling principle width ~ length^2 at fine scales. We prove that for a wide class of linear hyperbolic differential equations, the curvelet representation of the solution operator is both optimally sparse and well organized. It is sparse in the sense that the matrix entries decay nearly exponentially fast (i.e. faster than any negative polynomial), and well-organized in the sense that the very few nonnegligible entries occur near a shifted diagonal. Indeed, we actually show that the action of the wave-group on a curvelet is well-approximated by simply translating the center of the curvelet along the Hamiltonian flow--hence the diagonal shift in the curvelet epresentation. A physical interpretation of this result is that curvelets may be viewed as coherent waveforms with enough frequency localization so that they behave like waves but at the same time, with enough spatial localization so that they simultaneously behave like particles.
Covalent Biofunctionalization of Cellulose Acetate with Thermostable Chimeric Avidin (2011)

A stable, bioactive cellulose acetate (CA) surface was developed by functionalizing the surface with highly thermostable avidin form. The CA films were first functionalized with a mixture of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane to introduce free amino groups onto the surface of CA films. Free amino groups were functionalized with glutaraldehyde to obtain an activated surface for covalent biomolecule immobilization. A genetically engineered, high-affinity biotin-binding protein chimeric avidin, ChiAVD(I117Y), was used for biofunctionalization of the surface. The chimeric avidin protein has an increased stability in chemically harsh conditions and at high temperature when compared to wt (strept)avidin. The biological activity, i.e., biotin-binding capacity, of the immobilized protein was probed by [(3)H]-biotin. The activity of the chimeric avidin on functionalized CA films was fully retained over the three months' study period. The biotin-binding capacity of the immobilized chimeric avidin was compared to that of immobilized streptavidin, chicken avidin, and rhizavidin and significant differences between proteins were detected. The developed material offers a valuable platform for the development of inexpensive in vitro diagnostics and also supports biosensing applications that are required to operate under demanding conditions.
THE ACTION OF THE GRIGNARD REAGENT ON HIGHLY BRANCHED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF THE GRIGNARD REAGENT ON HIGHLY BRANCHED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS1J. B. Conant and A. H. BlattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 4, 1227–1236Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01379a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01379a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Redox State of Albumin and Serious Cardiovascular Incidence in Hemodialysis Patients (2010)

Human serum albumin is composed of human mercaptoalbumin (HMA) with cysteine residues having reducing powers and oxidized human non-mercaptoalbumin. The aim of this study is to clarify whether such redox state of albumin (HSA-redox) influences the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease patients on regular hemodialysis (HD). We measured HSA-redox using high-performance liquid chromatography in 86 anuric HD patients. The association between HSA-redox and incidental CVD events was evaluated. Twenty patients experienced symptomatic CVD events (16 patients died) at the 2-year follow-up. The fraction of HMA (f(HMA)) showed a significantly lower value in patients with CVD than that without CVD, in both pre-HD (36.5 ± 5.8% and 44.6 ± 9.8%, respectively) and post-HD (57.2 ± 6.2% and 67.2 ± 7.4%, respectively). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the incidental CVD event in patients with pre-HD f(HMA) < 40% was 5.0 (95% CI; 1.2 to 21.3), and that in patients with post-HD f(HMA) < 60% was 20.6 (3.2 to 134.7). Likewise, the adjusted OR for the CVD death in patients with pre-HD f(HMA) < 40% was 2.5 (0.6 to 12.5), and that in patients with post-HD f(HMA) < 60% was 25.6 (2.5 to 262.8). In conclusion, HSA-redox is closely related to serious CVD incidence and mortality among HD patients.
A monolithic subscriber line interface circuit [in bipolar technology] (1981)

A monolithic SLIC fabricated with high-voltage dielectric isolation (DI) technology has been proven to have excellent performance and requires a minimum of external circuitry. The SLIC provides battery feed, overvoltage protection (with some external devices), ringing control, supervision, and hybrid functions.
Plunc, a Member of the Secretory Gland Protein Family, Is Up-regulated in Nasal Respiratory Epithelium after Olfactory Bulbectomy (2002)

Subtraction suppression hybridization was used with high throughput screening to identify transcripts of genes that are differentially expressed in nasal epithelium following lesioning of the olfactory bulb, termed bulbectomy. We isolated the rat homologue of plunc, a murine gene highly expressed in lung and nasopharyngeal regions, by this method. Rat plunc encodes a 270-amino acid protein containing a putative signal peptide. plunc up-regulation in respiratory epithelium was confirmed by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. plunc mRNA was expressed in nasal epithelium, heart, lung, thymus, and salivary gland in adult rodent. plunc was expressed in nasal epithelium, thymus, and salivary gland during embryogenesis. Antibodies against Plunc detected a 31-kDa protein in lung, heart, and spleen. Rat nasal epithelium displayed robust immunoreactivity that was highly localized to the microvilli layer of respiratory epithelium. The expression of plunc was up-regulated after bulbectomy in respiratory epithelium. We also detected secreted plunc in rat and human mucus. Sequence and homology analyses suggest that Plunc is a member of the secretory gland protein family with putative bactericidal/bacteriostatic function. This is the first protein found in respiratory epithelium whose expression is regulated by olfactory neuronal injury and may provide protection against infection subsequent to injury.
Quantification of Tear Interference Image (2004)

To establish lipid supplementation therapy, a quantification system of tear lipid layer is required. Tear lipid thickness could be quantified using a computer-synthesized interference color chart system.
Sparse chaos code multiple access scheme achieving larger capacity and physical layer security (2017)

Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) scenarios that can accommodate Internet of things (IoT) device communications are currently being considered for implementation in fifth generation mobile communication systems. To support the dynamic traffic present in mMTC systems, grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access schemes have been proposed. In these schemes, both system capacity enhancement and transmit protocol simplification are achieved, and an overloaded transmission of more than one hundred percent of the capacity of the number of transmit samples is conducted. However, demand still exists for more capacity to accommodate massive devices. On the other hand, a simple method for ensuring the security of mMTC systems is required to suppress the energy consumption of IoT devices and reduce the amount of signal processing required at the central receive stations. In this paper, to satisfy these requirements, we propose a novel grant-free sparse chaos code multiple access (GF-SCCMA) scheme for mMTC systems in which sparse code multiple access is supplied based on chaos signals and physical layer security is ensured. GF-SCCMA is a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in which only pairs sharing common keys can decode data by utilizing a chaotic codebook of transmission sequences. Furthermore, the distribution of the output log likelihood ratio is improved by using chaos-based quasi-Gaussian modulation, and enhancement of the capacity is achieved for conventional schemes when the outer channel code is concatenated. The improved performances in terms of capacity and security are shown through numerical simulations.
Tailoring the Global Properties of Nanocomposites. Epoxy Resins with Very Low Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTTailoring the Global Properties of Nanocomposites. Epoxy Resins with Very Low Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionSanty Sulaiman, Chad M. Brick, Christopher M. De Sana, Joshua M. Katzenstein, Richard M. Laine, and Rafil A. BasheerView Author Information Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Delphi Research Laboratories, Shelby Township, Michigan 48315 Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 16, 5167–5169Publication Date (Web):July 15, 2006Publication History Received4 May 2006Revised20 June 2006Published online15 July 2006Published inissue 1 August 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma060996jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma060996jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1026Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Coating materials,Materials,Organic polymers,Silsesquioxanes Get e-Alerts
Once-daily S/GSK1349572 combination therapy in antiretroviral-naïve adults: rapid and potent 24-week antiviral responses in SPRING-1 (ING112276) (2010)

7-11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK S/GSK1349572, a next-generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, has previously demonstrated potent antiviral activity in Phase 2a with once-daily, unboosted dosing. SPRING-1 is an ongoing dose-ranging study designed to select a dose to for Phase 3 evaluation. SPRING-1 is a Phase 2b, multicentre, partially-blinded study in therapy-naïve adults, randomized 1:1:1:1 to 10mg, 25mg or 50mg of S/GSK1349572 or efavirenz(EFV) 600mg once-daily with either co-formulated TDF/FTC or ABC/3TC. 205 subjects received study drug: 86% male, 20% non-white, 26%>100,000c/mL HIV-1 RNA, 67% TDF/FTC. Plasma HIV-1 RNA declined rapidly across all S/GSK1349572 doses with no differences in NRTI subgroups. Three protocol-defined virologic failures occurred, 1 on EFV (<1log10 decline by Week 4), and 2 on S/GSK1349572 (Week 4 and 24 rebound >400c/mL with no INI mutation detected). No dose-related clinical or laboratory toxicities were observed. More drug-related AEs of moderate-or-higher intensity were reported on EFV (20%) than S/GSK1349572 (6%) arms; none occurred in more than 1 S/GSK1349572 subject. The most frequent category of such events reported by subjects receiving EFV and S/GSK1349572 were gastrointestinal (4% vs. 2%, respectively); other frequent events on EFV were psychiatric (6%) and rash (4%) disorders. No SAE was considered related to S/GSK1349572. Six subjects (2: S/GSK1349572 and 4: EFV) withdrew due to AEs. Mean change from baseline in LDL cholesterol was +0.023mmol/L among S/GSK1349572 subjects and +0.468mmol/L among EFV subjects. S/GSK1349572 demonstrated low pharmacokinetic variability and drug exposure increased with dose. Table 1 S/GSK1349572 administered once-daily without a PK booster was well tolerated with potent antiviral activity at all doses explored in SPRING-1. The greater CD4+ cell increases on S/GSK1349572 merit further observation and confirmation.
Smart Card ID: An Evolving and Viable Technology (2018)

In today’s world carrying a number of plastic smart cards to establish our identity has become an integral segment of our routine lives. Identity establishment necessitates a pre stored readily available data about self and to the administrator to authenticate it with claimer’s personal information. There is a distinct requirement of a technological solution for nationwide multipurpose identity for any citizen across the board. Number of options has been exercised by various countries and every option has its own pros and cons. However, it has been observed that in most of the cases Smart Card solution has been preferred by a user and administrator both. The use of Smart cards are so prevalent that be it any profession, without incorporating its application, identity of any individual is hardly considered complete. In this paper, the principle aim is to discuss the viability of Smart Card technology as an identity solution and its ability to perform various functions with strong access control that increases the reliability of Smart Cards over other technologies. It outlines the overview of smart card technology along with its key applications. Security concerns of smart card have been discussed through an algorithm with the help of a division integer proposition. Possibilities of upgrading it with evolving technology offer it as a universal acceptability of identification. Capability of storing desired amount of information by an administrator to compute multiple operations to authenticate a citizen dictates its widening acceptability and an endeavor has been made in this paper to explain it through a proposed system flow chart.
Plasmonic Nanorice Antenna on Triangle Nanoarray for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA (2013)

The sensitivity and the limit of detection of Raman sensors are limited by the extremely small scattering cross section of Raman labels. Silver nanorice antennae are coupled with a patterned gold triangle nanoarray chip to create spatially broadened plasmonic "hot spots", which enables a large density of Raman labels to experience strong local electromagnetic field. Finite difference time domain simulations have confirmed that the quasi-periodic structure increases the intensity and the area of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which enhances the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal significantly. The SERS signal of the nanorice/DNA/nanoarray chip is compared with that of the nanorice/DNA/film chip. The SERS signal is greatly enhanced when the Ag nanorices are coupled to the periodic Au nanoarray instead of the planar film chip. The resulting spatially broadened SPR field enables the SERS biosensor with a limit of detection of 50 aM toward hepatitis B virus DNA with the capability of discriminating a single-base mutant of DNA. This sensing platform can be extended to detect other chemical species and biomolecules such as proteins and small molecules.
Silhouette-based object phenotype recognition using 3D shape priors (2011)

This paper tackles the novel challenging problem of 3D object phenotype recognition from a single 2D silhouette. To bridge the large pose (articulation or deformation) and camera viewpoint changes between the gallery images and query image, we propose a novel probabilistic inference algorithm based on 3D shape priors. Our approach combines both generative and discriminative learning. We use latent probabilistic generative models to capture 3D shape and pose variations from a set of 3D mesh models. Based on these 3D shape priors, we generate a large number of projections for different phenotype classes, poses, and camera viewpoints, and implement Random Forests to efficiently solve the shape and pose inference problems. By model selection in terms of the silhouette coherency between the query and the projections of 3D shapes synthesized using the galleries, we achieve the phenotype recognition result as well as a fast approximate 3D reconstruction of the query. To verify the efficacy of the proposed approach, we present new datasets which contain over 500 images of various human and shark phenotypes and motions. The experimental results clearly show the benefits of using the 3D priors in the proposed method over previous 2D-based methods.
A room-temperature sodium rechargeable battery using an SO2-based nonflammable inorganic liquid catholyte (2015)

Sodium rechargeable batteries can be excellent alternatives to replace lithium rechargeable ones because of the high abundance and low cost of sodium; however, there is a need to further improve the battery performance, cost-effectiveness, and safety for practical use. Here we demonstrate a new type of room-temperature and high-energy density sodium rechargeable battery using an SO2-based inorganic molten complex catholyte, which showed a discharge capacity of 153 mAh g(-1) based on the mass of catholyte and carbon electrode with an operating voltage of 3 V, good rate capability and excellent cycle performance over 300 cycles. In particular, non-flammability and intrinsic self-regeneration mechanism of the inorganic liquid electrolyte presented here can accelerate the realization of commercialized Na rechargeable battery system with outstanding reliability. Given that high performance and unique properties of Na-SO2 rechargeable battery, it can be another promising candidate for next generation energy storage system.
Impacts of the December 2006 solar radio bursts on the performance of GPS (2009)

Four X class solar flares originated from active sunspot region 10930 on 5, 6, 13, and 14 December 2006. Wideband noise from associated solar radio bursts (SRB) on 6, 13, and 14 December drastically reduced the carrier‐to‐noise ratio (C/No) of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Using specialized high‐rate GPS receivers from the AFRL‐SCINDA global network, we investigate the impacts of these SRBs on the performance of GPS and quantify the Sudden Increases in Total Electron Content (SITEC) caused by the solar flares. The C/No reduction experienced by a GPS receiver during a SRB depends on the solar incidence angle due to the anisotropy of the antenna gain. We derive an expression for the vertical equivalent C/No reduction due to a SRB in order to compare measurements collected at locations where the solar incidence angles differ. During the SRB on 6 December we observed C/No reductions exceeding 25 dB, intermittent loss of lock, and complete loss of GPS positioning information lasting for several minutes. Peak positioning errors in the horizontal and vertical directions reached 20 and 60 m, respectively. While deep C/No reductions were observed during the SRBs on 6, 13, and 14 December, only the 6 December event was strong enough to substantially degrade GPS tracking and positioning accuracy.
Facial phenotypes in subgroups of prepubertal boys with autism spectrum disorders are correlated with clinical phenotypes (2011)

Boys with ASD display a facial phenotype distinct from that of typically developing boys, which may reflect alterations in the prenatal development of the brain. Subgroups of boys with ASD defined by distinct facial morphologies correlated with clinical and behavioral traits, suggesting potentially different etiologies and genetic differences compared to the larger group of boys with ASD. Further investigations into genes involved in neurodevelopment and craniofacial development of these subgroups will help to elucidate the causes and significance of these subtle facial differences.