gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NH4OH-promoted Crystallization Induced Dynamic Resolution of N-(S)-(1-Phenylethyl)-α-chloro-α-aryl Acetamides for Asymmetric Syntheses of α-Mercapto Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (2001)

NH4OH promoted crystallization induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of configurationally labile α-chloro acetamides has been investigated. CIDR of N-(S)-(1-phenylethyl)-α-chloro-α-aryl acetamides 2-4 has been successfully used for the asymmetric preparation of α-chloro carbonyl functionality up to 97 : 3 diastereomeric ratio in 95% yield. As an application of this methodology we have shown a stereospecific substitution reaction of (αS)-2 with KSAc for the asymmetric preparation of α-mercapto carboxylic acid derivative (αR)-5.
Pathological shear stress directly regulates platelet α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> signaling (2006)

Integrin mechanotransduction is a ubiquitous biological process. Mechanical forces are transduced transmembranously by an integrin's ligand-bound extracellular domain through its beta-subunit's cytoplasmic domain connected to the cytoskeleton. This often culminates in the activation of tyrosine kinases directing cell responses. The delicate balance between hemostasis and thrombosis requires exquisitely fine-tuned integrin function, and balance is maintained in vivo despite that the major platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) is continuously subjected to frictional or shearing forces generated by laminar blood flow. To test the hypothesis that platelet function is regulated by the direct effects of mechanical forces on alpha(IIb)beta(3), we examined alpha(IIb)beta(3)/cytoskeletal interactions in human platelets exposed to shear stress in a cone-plate viscometer. We observed that alpha-actinin, myosin heavy chain, and Syk coimmunoprecipitate with alpha(IIb)beta(3) in resting platelets and that 120 dyn/cm(2) shear stress leads to their disassociation from alpha(IIb)beta(3). Shear-induced disassociation of alpha-actinin and myosin heavy chain from the beta(3) tail is unaffected by blocking von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to glycoprotein (Gp) Ib-IX-V but abolished by blocking VWF binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3). Syk's disassociation from beta(3) is inhibited when VWF binding to either GpIb-IX-V or alpha(IIb)beta(3) is blocked. Shear stress-induced phosphorylation of SLP-76 and its association with tyrosine-phosphorylated adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein are inhibited by blocking ligand binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3) but not by blocking ligand binding to GpIb-IX-V. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing alpha(IIb)beta(3) with beta(3) truncated of its cytoskeletal binding domains demonstrate diminished shear-dependent adhesion and cohesion. These results support the hypothesis that shear stress directly modulates alpha(IIb)beta(3) function and suggest that shear-induced alpha(IIb)beta(3)-mediated signaling contributes to the regulation of platelet aggregation by directing the release of constraining cytoskeletal elements from the beta(3)-tail.
DNA sequence-dependent photoluminescence enhancement in a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (2014)

DNA sequence-dependent photoluminescence enhancement is found for a cationic polyelectrolyte complexed with single stranded DNA and described as a result of an interplay between electrostatic attraction and the π-π stacking between the polyelectrolyte's backbone and DNA's bases.
Data Maintenance and Control Strategy of Group Management (2011)

In the actual operation of ERP system, data management must adhere to the principle of data-centric, data standardization, improved data optimization, and data maintenance work should attach great importance to the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of data. In this paper, group enterprise data standardization and group management and control are analyzed and researched on data maintenance strategy and core master data characteristics, the Group's business features, data maintenance strategy, maintenance organization architecture design, organization architecture responsibility, data maintenance process design, data maintenance timeliness, data maintenance quality, particle data management are all analyzed in detail from a multi-dimensional perspective. The design, advantages and disadvantages of the three maintenance strategies, maintenance organization and maintenance process program are compared and analyzed, and the corresponding solutions are put forward.
Site-specific/stable radioiodination of 1,2-Pal-3-IPPA: an agent for the potential clinical evaluation of pancreatic insufficiency by urine analysis. (1993)

To measure pancreatic lipase activity, we synthesized a triglyceride containing a radioiodinated fatty acid. The urinary excretion of radioactivity was measured in five rats following administration of the agent by feeding tube. We attached 15-phenylpentadecanoic acid (PPA) to position-3 of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-Pal) to form 1,2-Pal-3-PPA. The 1,2-Pal-3-IPPA (expected lipase substrate) was prepared by the thallation-iodide displacement method. In a dual-label study, the 125I-1,2-Pal-3-IPPA triglyceride was administered with the 131I-IPPA free acid to rats (n = 5) by oral gavage. Urine and feces were collected daily and the tissue distribution of both tracers was evaluated over a five-day period. A significant portion of the administered activity was excreted in 24 hr in the urine (125I, 30.31% + 4.32%; 131I, 35.0% + 7.29%), which cochromatographed with hippuric acid by thin layer chromatography. Release of the acidic components from the conjugated excretory products by acid hydrolysis of the urine provided the radioactive acidic metabolites. Analysis of the Folch extracts of fat samples demonstrated that the radioactive components cochromatographed in the triglyceride region. This agent appears useful for the evaluation of various gastrointestinal diseases.
Expanding the Genetic Code of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Using Bacterial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase/tRNA Pairs (2012)

The genetic code specifies 20 common amino acids and is largely preserved in both single and multicellular organisms. Unnatural amino acids (Uaas) have been genetically incorporated into proteins by using engineered orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (RS) pairs, enabling new research capabilities and precision inaccessible with common amino acids. We show here that Escherichia coli tyrosyl and leucyl amber suppressor tRNA/RS pairs can be evolved to incorporate different Uaas in response to the amber stop codon UAG into various proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. To accurately report Uaa incorporation in worms, we found that it is crucial to integrate the UAG-containing reporter gene into the genome rather than to express it on an extrachromosomal array from which variable expression can lead to reporter activation independent of the amber-suppressing tRNA/RS. Synthesizing a Uaa in a dipeptide drives Uaa uptake and bioavailability. Uaa incorporation has dosage, temporal, tRNA copy, and temperature dependencies similar to those of endogenous amber suppression. Uaa incorporation efficiency was improved by impairing the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway through knockdown of smg-1. We have generated stable transgenic worms capable of genetically encoding Uaas, enabling Uaa exploitation to address complex biological problems within a metazoan. We anticipate our strategies will be generally extendable to other multicellular organisms.
Comparison of Different Period Digital Alloy Al${}_{\text{0.7}}$InAsSb Avalanche Photodiodes (2019)

We report Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> InAsSb avalanche photodiodes grow as ternary-binary and binary-binary digital alloys. Their characteristics of ideality factor, activation energy, temperature-dependent excess noise, temperature stability, and impact ionization coefficients are compared.
Some Aspects of the Drying and Heating of Textiles (1953)

Modifications produced by heat and moisture in cellulose acetate fibres are described. These are similar to those described for other fibres in earlier papers. There is an optimum moisture content for the maximum modification on heating. The action of the moisture in the presence of heat indicates that it plasticises the substance of the fibres.
Crystal Structure and Raman Spectroscopic Study of K<sub>5</sub>[CuO<sub>2</sub>][CO<sub>3</sub>] (2010)

Abstract Air and moisture sensitive K 5 [CuO 2 ][CO 3 ] was prepared via the azide/nitrate route from stoichiometric mixtures of the precursors CuO, KN 3 , KNO 3 and K 2 CO 3 . According to the single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the crystal structure [ P 4/ nbm , Z = 2, a = 7.4067(5), c = 8.8764(8) Å, R 1 = 0.053, 433 independent reflections] K 5 [CuO 2 ][CO 3 ] represents an ordered superstructure of Na 5 [NiO 2 ][CO 3 ]. The structure contains isolated [CuO 2 ] 3– dumbbells and CO 3 2– anions, with the latter not connected to the transition element. Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm the presence of CO 3 2– in the structure.
Stability Margins of ${\cal L}_{1}$ Adaptive Control Architecture (2010)

This technical note presents the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive control architecture for systems in the presence of unknown high-frequency gain with known sign, time-varying unknown parameters and disturbances. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive controller leads to uniform performance bounds for the system's input and output signals, which can be systematically improved by increasing the adaptation rate. For constant unknown parameters, this result leads to analytically computable time-delay margin of a semiglobal nature.
Fibroblast growth factor and heparin protect endothelial cells from the effects of interleukin 1 (1996)

Vascular endothelium is involved in both active and passive processes in haemostasis, but inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have been reported to convert the comparatively inert endothelial cell to an inflammatory state. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in the presence of heparin has effects opposite to IL-1 on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC); therefore, we have investigated the modulation of IL-1-induced effects by the c combination of aFGF and heparin (aFGF/heparin). First passage HUVEC were cultured for 6 days in the presence of 20% human serum with and without the addition of 625 pM human recombinant aFGF (hr aFGF) and 7 microM heparin. On day 5, recombinant IL-1 beta was included for 24 h. The following day the cells were washed and measurements made of the release of prostacyclin, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and thrombospondin, both in the resting state and following stimulation for 60 min with 1 U/ml thrombin. Tissue-type plasminogen activator was assayed in HUVEC lysates. Similar experiments were performed to assess effects on the expression of vascular adhesion molecule, intracellular adhesion molecule, and E-selectin using an ELISA on cells in situ. This study indicates that aFGF/heparin in the culture medium of HUVEC abrogates the measured responses to IL-1. These data imply that routine endothelial cell culture with aFGF/heparin may cause artefacts, the effects of FGF and Il-1 may involve common pathways, and FGF/heparin may offer an approach to design therapeutics to counter the adverse effects of IL-1.
A Closed-Loop Digital Video Editing System (1990)

An on-line video editing system has been developed, using a solid-state digital memory and digital videotape to archive scene elements and allow them to be used as many times as necessary for transitions, layering, and effects. Through this method, a single digital mix-effects system, along with a one-source VTR and a single channel of digital video effects, is equivalent or superior to a conventional editing system. The system integrates control of all video equipment from a single workstation, simplifying system management for the operator. In addition, the total hardware costs for a flexible post-production system can be effectively reduced. This article describes the hardware and software developed to implement such a system.
IL-4 and insulin-like growth factor-I inhibit the decline in Bcl-2 and promote the survival of IL-3-deprived myeloid progenitors (1997)

The proto-oncogene product Bcl-2 regulates cell survival in both the immune and central nervous systems. We withdrew growth factors from IL-3-dependent murine myeloid progenitor cells (factor dependent cell progenitors (FDCP)) and measured a time-dependent 80% reduction in endogenous expression of Bcl-2. This decline in Bcl-2 is directly associated with a fourfold increase in the apoptotic population after 12 h and an eightfold increase after 24 h. Since IL-4 and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulate myeloid cell growth, we used IL-3-deprived FDCP cells to determine whether IL-4 and IGF-I maintain Bcl-2 expression and prevent apoptosis. We demonstrate that IL-4, like IGF-I and IL-3, promotes survival of FDCP cells by reducing the apoptotic population. Flow cytometric measurement of intracellular Bcl-2 established that IL-4 and IGF-I maintain 10-fold higher levels of Bcl-2 than in IL-3-deprived cells. Similarly, Western analysis of Bcl-2 in lysates of IL-3-deprived myeloid progenitors confirmed that both IL-4 and IGF-I share with IL-3 the ability to maintain intact Bcl-2 protein. However, IL-4 and IGF-I do not change expression of the apoptotic inducer, Bax, although they maintain high levels of Bcl-2 that coimmunoprecipitate with Bax. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IL-4 and IGF-I, like IL-3, inhibit apoptosis in myeloid progenitors and maintain high levels of Bcl-2/Bax heterodimers, suggesting that Bcl-2 is a critical convergence point in the signaling pathways used by IL-4 and IGF-I.
Library Guides: Get A G.R.I.P. (Graduate.Research.Information.Portal): Calendar (2014)

An information portal for graduate students about the services and resources available at Purdue University Libraries
Knee Loading Accelerates Bone Healing in Mice (2007)

The reparative and remodeling phases of wound healing were enhanced by loads applied to the knee without inducing significant in situ strain at the site of wounds. Noninvasive knee loading might therefore be useful clinically to stimulate bone healing in the entire tibia along its length (including cast immobilized wounds).
Low-complexity near-optimal spectrum balancing for digital subscriber lines (2005)

This paper investigates the multiuser spectrum optimization problem for digital subscriber lines. We propose an iterative and low-complexity spectrum optimization technique that improves upon the recently proposed optimal spectrum balancing (OSB) algorithm. In the optimal spectrum balancing algorithm, the Lagrange multipliers are used to decouple the constrained optimization problem into a series of per-tone unconstrained optimisation problems. However, each per-tone problem still has a computational complexity that is exponential in the number of users. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm for the per-tone optimization problem to further reduce the computational complexity of spectrum balancing. The essential idea resembles that of iterative water-filling. In each step of the algorithm, each individual user iteratively optimizes the joint objective function with a fixed set of Lagrange multipliers. The new algorithm has a computational complexity that is polynomial in the number of users. Simulation results show that the new algorithm has a near-optimal performance.
Regulation of Autophagy by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment (2008)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as signaling molecules in various pathways regulating both cell survival and cell death. Autophagy, a self-digestion process that degrades intracellular structures in response to stress, such as nutrient starvation, is also involved in both cell survival and cell death. Alterations in both ROS and autophagy regulation contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and both are targets for developing therapies to induce cell death selectively in cancer cells. Many stimuli that induce ROS generation also induce autophagy, including nutrient starvation, mitochondrial toxins, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Some of these stimuli are under clinical investigation as cancer treatments, such as 2-methoxyestrodial and arsenic trioxide. Recently, it was demonstrated that ROS can induce autophagy through several distinct mechanisms involving Atg4, catalase, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC). This leads to both cell-survival and cell-death responses and could be selective toward cancer cells. In this review, we give an overview of the roles ROS and autophagy play in cell survival and cell death, and their importance to cancer. Furthermore, we describe how autophagy is mediated by ROS and the implications of this regulation to cancer treatments.
The differential impact of PDE4 subtypes in human lung fibroblasts on cytokine‐induced proliferation and myofibroblast conversion (2010)

Lung fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts are pathological key events during development of lung fibrosis. Cyclic nucleotide signaling is described as a negative modulator of these cellular processes, and cyclic nucleotide degrading type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) are important regulators of these pathways. In this study, we elucidated expression and the role of individual subtypes of PDE4 in primary normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) in controlling cytokines-induced proliferation and conversion to myofibroblasts by short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) induced knockdown. We verified the expression of PDE4A, B, and D, while PDE4C was only minor or even not expressed in NHLF. An efficient liposome-mediated transfection method for mRNA silencing and a knockdown of the expressed PDE4 subtypes was achieved in these cells. This knockdown was further validated by PDE4 protein expression analysis and PDE4 activity measurements. Functionally, the knockdown of PDE4A and PDE4B inhibited proliferation induced by the cytokine combination of bFGF and IL-1β, whereas knockdown of PDE4D was ineffective. In contrast, TGF-β induced differentiation into myofibroblasts was affected by knockdown of PDE4B and PDE4D, but not by PDE4A knockdown. In summary, our data allow to assign different PDE4 subtypes to distinct functions of human lung fibroblasts and highlight the predominant role of PDE4B in controlling pathophysiological processes of human lung fibroblasts. This provides a scientific rationale for focused therapeutic targeting of PDE4B to treat respiratory diseases with fibrotic lesions in the lung.
Non-invasive optical monitoring of the newborn piglet brain using continuous-wave and frequency-domain spectroscopy (1999)

We have used continuous-wave (CW) and frequency-domain spectroscopy to investigate the optical properties of the newborn piglet brain in vivo and non-invasively. Three anaesthetized, intubated, ventilated and instrumented newborn piglets were placed into a stereotaxic instrument for optimal experimental stability, reproducible probe-to-scalp optical contact and 3D adjustment of the optical probe. By measuring the absolute values of the brain absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at two wavelengths (758 and 830 nm), frequency-domain spectroscopy provided absolute readings (in contrast to the relative readings of CW spectroscopy) of cerebral haemoglobin concentration and saturation during experimentally induced perturbations in cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation. Such perturbations included a modulation of the inspired oxygen concentration, transient brain asphyxia, carotid artery occlusion and terminal brain asphyxia. The baseline cerebral haemoglobin saturation and concentration, measured with frequency-domain spectroscopy, were about 60% and 42 microM respectively. The cerebral saturation values ranged from a minimum of 17% (during transient brain asphyxia) to a maximum of 80% (during recovery from transient brain asphyxia). To analyse the CW optical data, we have (a) derived a mathematical relationship between the cerebral optical properties and the differential pathlength factor and (b) introduced a method based on the spatial dependence of the detected intensity (dc slope method). The analysis of the cerebral optical signals associated with the arterial pulse and with respiration demonstrates that motion artefacts can significantly affect the intensity recorded from a single optode pair. Motion artefacts can be strongly reduced by combining data from multiple optodes to provide relative readings in the dc slope method. We also report significant biphasic changes (initial decrease and successive increase) in the reduced scattering coefficient measured in the brain after the piglet had been sacrificed.
Efficient Solar Cells Sensitized by Porphyrins with an Extended Conjugation Framework and a Carbazole Donor: From Molecular Design to Cosensitization (2014)

Porphyrin dyes containing the carbazole electron donor have been designed and optimized by wrapping the porphyrin framework, introducing an additional ethynylene bridge to extend the wavelength range of light absorption, and further suppression of the dye aggregation by introducing additional alkoxy chains. Application of a cosensitization approach results in improved current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) values, thus achieving the highest cell efficiency of 10.45%. This work provides an effective combined strategy of molecular design and cosensitization for developing efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In addition, carbazole has been demonstrated to be a promising donor for porphyrin sensitizers.
TPMT based Automatic Road Extraction from 3D Real Scenes (2018)

The Generation of digital 3D buildings and roads from a number of 3D real scenes is a very difficult and important task in modern city planning and management. A TPMT (Tilt Photographic Measurement Technique) based automatic road extraction method with 3D real sceneries is studied and demonstrated. Firstly, TPMT is used to obtain 3D data of the city and form its stereoscope image sequences. Secondly, Seamless stitching of the stereoscope image sequences and high-resolution remote sensing images are conducted to produce an integrated urban digital road feature database. Thirdly, image processing and pattern recognition methods are employed to identify and extract road from the urban digital road feature database and form a vector contour image of the road. Finally, the vector contours are classified with a pattern classifier. The theoretical analysis and practical demonstrations have shown that our approach has higher precision in automatic 3D road extraction from a number of 3D real scenes, which can meet the demand of unmanned driving for high-precision roads and 3D maps. Moreover, it significantly reduces the cost of road information acquisition compared to the existing method using Lidar and has potential to play a key role to promote and support ever growing urban planning, construction, management and emergency response. Faced with a big data problem in huge and various 3D real scenes, a deep learning approach is under consideration in our undergoing study and development.