gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The application of molecular biology to the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis]. (1995)

The application of molecular biology techniques to the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis was evaluated. The hybridization protection assay (HPA) was found to be accurate and rapid in the identification of mycobacteria. The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Pab gene was specific and sensitive enough for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the nested PCR were excellent, 97% and 92%, respectively. In addition, a novel method combining the PCR and the HPA for the rapid detection of MAC and M. tuberculosis was developed. This method was as useful as the nested PCR for M. tuberculosis above mentioned. The clinical usefulness of two commercially available mycobacteria detection kits, the MTD and the Amplicor, was evaluated and compared with that of the conventional smear and culture methods. The MTD showed the highest sensitivity, while the Amplicor showed the highest specificity. The HPA was also applied to drug susceptibility tests, which require 3 to 4 weeks by conventional methods. By this method, the results of resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin could be obtained after three days incubation. Another method for determining the drug resistance of mycobacteria is the detection of gene alterations related to the drug resistance. The deletion of the catalase-peroxidase gene related to isoniazid resistance was observed in 15% of isoniazid-resistant strains. On the other hand, point mutations in the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene relating to rifampicin resistance were detected in 31% of rifampicin-resistant strains by the non-radioisotope PCR-SSCP analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating the Effects of Single Event Transients in FET-Based Single-Pole Double-Throw RF Switches (2014)

The impact of single event transients (SETs) on single-pole double-throw (SPDT) RF switch circuits designed in a commercially-available, 180 nm second-generation SiGe BiCMOS (IBM 7HP) technology is investigated. The intended application for these SPDT RF switches requires a 1 GHz to 20 GHz band of operation, relatively low insertion loss (<; 3.0 dB at 20 GHz), and moderate isolation (> 15 dB at 20 GHz). Two-photon absorption experiment results reveal that the SPDT switches are vulnerable to SETs due to biasing effects as well as the triple-well (TW) nFETs, which are found to be more sensitive to SETs than bulk nFETs. From these results, potential implications are discussed and mitigation strategies are proposed. To verify one of the proposed mitigation techniques, SPDT switches were also designed in a 180 nm twin-well SOI CMOS (IBM 7RF-SOI) technology. A different biasing technique is implemented to help improve the SET response. The fabricated SOI SPDT switches achieve an insertion loss of <; 1.04 dB at 20 GHz and > 21 dB isolation at 20 GHz. For this circuit, no transients were observed even at very high laser energies (≈ 5 nJ).
Dopamine receptor antagonist thioridazine inhibits tumor growth in a murine breast cancer model (2015)

Neuropsychological factors have been shown to influence tumor progression and therapeutic response. The present study investigated the effect of the dopamine receptor antagonist thioridazine on murine breast cancer. The anti‑tumor efficacy of thioridazine was assessed using a murine breast cancer model. Cell apoptosis and proliferation were analyzed in vitro using flow cytometry (FCM) and the MTT assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to assess Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, p‑STAT3 and p‑p65 in tumor cells following treatment with thioridazine. The Ki67 index and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‑positive apoptotic cells were assessed in the tumor sections. Thioridazine was found to reduce tumor growth, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner in vitro. Thioridazine was also found to markedly inhibit tumor proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis in vivo as shown by the lower Ki67 index and increase in TUNEL‑positive cells. In addition, thioridazine was observed to inhibit the activation of the canonical nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells pathway and exert anti‑tumor effects by remodeling the tumor stroma, as well as inhibit angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, thioridazine was found to significantly inhibit breast tumor growth and the potential for thioridazine to be used in cancer therapy may be re‑evaluated and investigated in clinical settings.
Microwave plasma torch for processing hydrocarbon gases (2016)

We designed and developed an ultrahigh-frequency (microwave) plasma torch with a combined (nitrogen, methane) plasma-forming environment, and microwave output of up to 2 kW, continuously. We demonstrate the possibility of using it in order to process natural and associated petroleum (APG) gas into valuable products (hydrogen and carbon nanomaterial CNM) with up to 70% efficiency. Based on the developed microwave plasma torch, we developed an apparatus capable of converting hydrocarbon feedstock at a capacity of 50 g/h yielding CNM and hydrogen of up to 70 vol. %. In its mobile small-tonnage version, this technology can be used on gas-condensate fields.
Incidence of Asymptomatic Pulmonary Embolism in Moderately to Severely Injured Trauma Patients (2004)

Asymptomatic PE occur in 24% of moderately to severely injured patients. Age, head, chest, and lower extremity injury are associated with an increased risk. Standard thromboembolic prophylaxis is not reliably protective.
Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in Human Peripheral Blood Granulocytes: A Critical Role for Monocytes in Leukocyte Lipopolysaccharide Responses (2002)

Leukocyte responsiveness to LPS is dependent upon CD14 and receptors of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Neutrophils respond to LPS, but conflicting data exist regarding LPS responses of eosinophils and basophils, and expression of TLRs at the protein level in these granulocyte lineages has not been fully described. We examined the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 and found that monocytes expressed relatively high levels of cell surface TLR2, TLR4, and CD14, while neutrophils also expressed all three molecules, but at low levels. In contrast, basophils expressed TLR2 and TLR4 but not CD14, while eosinophils expressed none of these proteins. Tested in a range of functional assays including L-selectin shedding, CD11b up-regulation, IL-8 mRNA generation, and cell survival, neutrophils responded to LPS, but eosinophils and basophils did not. In contrast to previous data, we found, using monocyte depletion by negative magnetic selection, that neutrophil responses to LPS were heavily dependent upon the presence of a very low level of monocytes, and neutrophil survival induced by LPS at 22 h was monocyte dependent. We conclude that LPS has little role in the regulation of peripheral blood eosinophil and basophil function, and that, even in neutrophils, monocytes orchestrate many previously observed leukocyte LPS response patterns.
Impact of freeze‐thaw on isolation of viable CD34+ cells from human cadaveric bone marrow (2020)

Introduction The CD34 surface protein is a marker used to distinguish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). CD34+ cells are currently used in stem cell transplantation to treat hematological malignancies following myeloablation of bone marrow (BM). Ossium Health is creating a large and genetically diverse bank of cryopreserved deceased donor BM for medical purposes such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as well as biomedical research. Given the growing diversity of the bank, it would be advantageous to cryogenically store whole BM for future isolation of CD34+ cells possessing desirable genetic and demographic attributes. While current protocols are designed to select cells from fresh BM aspirated from live donors, there are no reports of selecting these cells from either previously frozen or cadaveric BM. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether cadaveric BM is an acceptable source of CD34+ cells, (2) whether functional CD34 cells could be selected from previously frozen BM, and (3) the integrity of CD34+ cells following multiple freeze‐thaw cycles. Methods Whole BM was obtained from vertebral bodies recovered from deceased donors consented for research use. CD34+ cells were selected from fresh and thawed BM by Ficoll separation followed by immunomagnetic bead isolation (EasySep, Stem Cell Technologies). Selected cells were subjected to further freeze‐thaw cycles and analyzed by flow cytometry and colony forming unit (CFU) assays to enumerate and evaluate CD34+ cell functionality, viability, purity, and population dynamics. Results and discussion Results thus far indicate no difference in CFU counts between fresh and thawed BM. Furthermore, 7‐AAD staining indicated a CD34+ average cell viability of 99+0% from fresh and 98+0% from thawed BM. Finally, long‐term hematopoietic stem cells (LT‐HSC) as defined by the cell surface protein markers CD34+ CD38‐CD90+CD45RA‐CD49f+, comprised 1.94% and 2.18% of CD34+ cells selected from fresh and previously frozen BM, respectively. Conclusions and future directions Together, these results indicate the suitability of deceased donor BM and the comparability of CD34+ cells selected from fresh and previously frozen BM. Ongoing experiments include evaluation of BM from additional donors as well as xenotranplantation studies in an irradiated immunocompromised mouse model. Validation of previously frozen cadaveric BM as an acceptable substrate for viable CD34+ cell isolation will enable a large and genetically diverse source of HSPC for both medical and research uses. Furthermore, due to the large volumes obtainable, BM from a single donor yields >100 million CD34+ cells, which is vastly greater than available from living donors, thus, providing a consistent source for study and to be used in therapeutic development. Support or Funding Information Thank you to the Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine for their financial support of this project.
Isolation from fetal bovine serum of an apolipoprotein-H-like protein which inhibits thymidine incorporation in fetal calf erythroid cells (1990)

A 46 kDa heparin-binding protein which inhibits thymidine incorporation in cultures of fetal calf liver erythroid cells was isolated from fetal bovine serum by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. The N-terminal sequence of the first 22 amino acids showed 81% identity with the published sequence of human apolipoprotein H. The isolated protein inhibited thymidine incorporation with an ED50 (concn. producing 50% of maximal effect) of 36 nM. A 100% inhibition of thymidine incorporation and a 40% decrease in cell numbers in cultures of fetal calf erythroid cells were observed at a protein concentration of 840 nM. No effects could be seen in cultures of 3T3 cells used as controls. Human apolipoprotein H had no inhibitory activity in any of the cell cultures tested, suggesting a species-specificity or a different structure or function for the bovine heparin-binding protein.
Non-intrusive Iris Image Capturing System Using Light Stripe Projection and Pan-Tilt-Zoom Camera (2007)

This paper proposes non-intrusive iris image capturing system, which consists of pan-tilt-zoom camera and light stripe projection. Light stripe projection provides the position of user. After panning according to user's position, AdaBoost-based face detection finds tilt angle. With user's position and tilt angle, zoom and focus position are initialized. User's position replaces 2D face search with ID face search. Exact zoom and focus position enable fast control and narrow search range. Consequently, experimental results show that proposed system can capture iris image within acceptable time.
Efficient Real-Time Train Operation Algorithms With Uncertain Passenger Demands (2015)

The majority of existing studies in subway train operations focus on timetable optimization and vehicle tracking methods, which may be infeasible with disturbances in actual operations. To deal with uncertain passenger demands and realize real-time train operations (RTOs) satisfying multiobjectives, including overspeed protection, punctuality, riding comfort, and energy consumption, this paper proposes two RTO algorithms via expert knowledge and an online learning approach. The first RTO algorithm is developed by a knowledge-based system to ensure the multiple objectives with a constant timetable. Then, by considering uncertain passenger demand at each station and random running time errors, we convert the train operation problem into a Markov decision process with nondeterministic state transition probabilities in which the aim is to minimize the reward for both the total time delay and energy consumption in a subway line. After designing policy, reward, and transition probability, we develop an integrated train operation (ITO) algorithm based on Q-learning to realize RTOs with online adjusting the timetable. Finally, we present some numerical examples to test the proposed algorithms with real detected data in the Yizhuang Line of Beijing Subway. The results indicate that, taking the multiple objectives into account, the RTO algorithm outperforms both manual driving and automatic train operations. In addition, the ITO algorithm is capable of dealing with uncertain disturbances, keeping the total time delay within 2 s and reducing the energy consumption.
Universal and Nonuniversal Properties of Cross Correlations in Financial Time Series (1999)

We use methods of random matrix theory to analyze the cross-correlation matrix $\mathbf{C}$ of stock price changes of the largest 1000 U.S. companies for the 2-year period 1994--1995. We find that the statistics of most of the eigenvalues in the spectrum of $\mathbf{C}$ agree with the predictions of random matrix theory, but there are deviations for a few of the largest eigenvalues. We find that $\mathbf{C}$ has the universal properties of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices. Furthermore, we analyze the eigenvectors of $\mathbf{C}$ through their inverse participation ratio and find eigenvectors with large ratios at both edges of the eigenvalue spectrum---a situation reminiscent of localization theory results.
Laser-induced white-light emission from graphene ceramics–opening a band gap in graphene (2015)

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have indicated the existence of a new stable phase of carbon with mixed sp 2 and sp 3 hybridized bonds-diaphite. Such a two-layered structure with sp 2 /sp 3 bonds may be observed after the photostimulation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphene with femtosecond laser pulses. This hidden multistability of graphene may be used to create a semiconducting phase immersed in the semimetallic continuum, resulting in bandgap opening. We demonstrate that bandgap opening and light emission from graphene is possible using continuous-wave laser beams with wavelengths from the visible (405 nm) to the near-infrared range (975 nm). We demonstrate that without the application of cooling, the effective temperature of the emitting sample remains lower than 900 K, which is far below the value predicted by the theory of black-body radiation. Moreover, light emission from a graphene sample may be observed at temperatures as low as 10 K.
Multiband excitation vocoder (1988)

A speech model, referred to as the multiband excitation model, is presented. In this model the band around each harmonic of the fundamental frequency is declared voiced or unvoiced. Estimation methods for the parameters of the model are developed and methods to synthesize speech from the model parameters are described. To illustrate a potential application of the speech model, an 8 kb/s vocoder is developed and its performance is evaluated. Both informal listening and intelligibility tests show that the vocoder has very good performance both in speech quality and intelligibility, particularly for noisy speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A model-based reconstruction method for 3-D rotational coronary angiography (2010)

This paper presents a model-based reconstruction method of the coronary tree from a few number of projections in rotational angiography imaging. The reconstruction relies on projections acquired at a same cardiac phase and an energy function minimization that aims to lead the deformation of the 3D model to fit projection data whereas preserving coherence both in time and space. Some preliminary results are provided on simulated rotational angiograms.
Treatment experiences of Latinas after diagnosis of breast cancer (2017)

There appears to be moderate disparity in breast cancer treatment communication and decision-making experiences reported by Latinas-LA versus other groups. The approach to treatment decision making by Latinas-LA represents an important challenge to health care providers. Initiatives are needed to improve patient engagement in decision making and increase clinician awareness of these challenges in this patient population. Cancer 2017;123:3022-30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Blockchain-enhanced Identities for Secure Interaction (2018)

Securing identities in online communities like Facebook and Google requires thinking beyond mobility and cloud as federation methods can be gamed. While use of adaptive authentication and biometrics on mobile devices has become the norm, its security can be bolstered lot more with a distributed ledger like blockchain. This paper presents an augmented security model based on the blockchain distributed ledger, depicting how blockchain can help us build decentralized identity ecosystem.
ET-1 activates Ca<sup>2+</sup>sparks in PASMC: local Ca<sup>2+</sup>signaling between inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors (2003)

Ca+ sparks originating from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are known to cause membrane hyperpolarization and vasorelaxation in systemic arterial myocytes. By contrast, we have found that Ca2+ sparks of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are associated with membrane depolarization and activated by endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor that mediates/modulates acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. In this study, we characterized the effects of ET-1 on the physical properties of Ca2+ sparks and probed the signal transduction mechanism for spark activation in rat intralobar PASMCs. Application of ET-1 at 0.1-10 nM caused concentration-dependent increases in frequency, duration, and amplitude of Ca2+ sparks. The ET-1-induced increase in spark frequency was inhibited by BQ-123, an ETA-receptor antagonist; by U-73122, a PLC inhibitor; and by xestospongin C and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, antagonists of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs). However, it was unrelated to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, activation of L-type Ca2+ channels, PKC, or cADP ribose. Photorelease of caged-IP3 indicated that Ca2+ release from IP3R could cross-activate RyRs to generate Ca2+ sparks. Immunocytochemistry showed that the distributions of IP3Rs and RyRs were similar in PASMCs. Moreover, inhibition of Ca2+ sparks with ryanodine caused a significant rightward shift in the ET-1 concentration-tension relationship in pulmonary arteries. These results suggest that ET-1 activation of Ca2+ sparks is mediated via the ETA receptor-PLC-IP3 pathway and local Ca2+ cross-signaling between IP3Rs and RyRs; in addition, this novel signaling mechanism contributes significantly to the ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in pulmonary arteries.
Autophagosome Precursor Maturation Requires Homotypic Fusion (2011)

Autophagy is a catabolic process in which lysosomes degrade intracytoplasmic contents transported in double-membraned autophagosomes. Autophagosomes are formed by the elongation and fusion of phagophores, which can be derived from preautophagosomal structures coming from the plasma membrane and other sites like the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The mechanisms by which preautophagosomal structures elongate their membranes and mature toward fully formed autophagosomes still remain unknown. Here, we show that the maturation of the early Atg16L1 precursors requires homotypic fusion, which is essential for subsequent autophagosome formation. Atg16L1 precursor homotypic fusion depends on the SNARE protein VAMP7 together with partner SNAREs. Atg16L1 precursor homotypic fusion is a critical event in the early phases of autophagy that couples membrane acquisition and autophagosome biogenesis, as this step regulates the size of the vesicles, which in turn appears to influence their subsequent maturation into LC3-positive autophagosomes.
Conflicting Obligations: American Political Culture and the Law of the Workplace (2013)

In two articles previously published in this Journal, I described American labor and employment law, and then compared it with the Japanese law of the workplace.l ) One of my conclusions was that, not surprisingly, the contrasting cultures of Japan and the United States generated different types of law regulating the employment contract.A similar contrast exists between labor and employment law regimes that developed at different times within the United States.American labor and employment law developed in two waves.During the 1930s and 1940s, the United States implemented a labor law regime that protected the right of workers to form labor unions.Then, during the 1950s and 1960s, Congress and many state legislatures passed laws aimed at eliminating employment discrimination based on race, sex, rei igion, and national origin.Because these two regimes developed at different times, in dramatically different political contexts, American labor law, and American employment discrimination law were based on different, sometimes contradictory, premises.Labor law was focused on the rights of the group, employment discrimination law on the rights of individuals.By the end of the 1960s, the contradictions between these prelnises resulted in doctrinal conflicts between the two areas of the law, and,more importantly, between the two interest groups that depended
Analysis of the enthalpy probe technique for thermal plasma diagnostics (1995)

An experimental analysis of the enthalpy probe technique for thermal plasma diagnostics is presented. Emphasis is given to the probe sensitivity, its accuracy, and its effect on the plasma flow. The study was carried out using a direct current (dc) plasma torch operated with Ar/H2 mixture (1% H2) under two different reactor chamber pressures, 400 and 200 torr. The results show that when the probe tip is coated with a thermal barrier coating, the sensitivity is improved because of the reduction of the tare heat flux to the probe surface. Thus, even at low values of gas sampling flow rate, the probe can still provide measurements with acceptable accuracy while the isokinetic sampling condition continues to be respected. Emission spectroscopic results show that the probe has negligible effect on the temperature field of the plasma jet.