gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A BATTERY DATA BASE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS (1990)

Work is progressing on the development of a battery data base for electric vehicle applications. This data base is intended to provide the electric vehicle community access to the large volume of battery data taken at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Argonne National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratory on a desk-top PC. The initial version of the data base will be distributed on a single floppy disk. The data base will include the physical characteristics of the various batteries tested as well as summary tables showing the test results for each cycle of the battery test programs. Second-by-second data from constant power discharges, peak power tests, and variable power SFUDS cycle tests will also be included in the data base. The data base is being prepared using dBASE IV. The user selects the battery and data desired through a series of screen displayed menus. The design of the data base and menus are complete and INEL battery summary table and data files are being read into the data base. Nearly 100 MB of data have been prepared for eventual inclusion into the data base. 1 ref.
Route of Infection That Induces a High Intensity of Gamma Interferon-Secreting T Cells in the Genital Tract Produces Optimal Protection against<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection in Mice (1998)

The induction of local T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immunity is crucial for resistance of mice to genital infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. We tested the hypothesis that the route of immunization that elicits relatively high numbers of chlamydia-specific, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting T lymphocytes (ISTLs) in the genital tract would induce optimal protective immunity against reinfection. Female BALB/c mice were infected intravaginally (i.v.), intranasally (i.n.), orally (p.o.), or subcutaneously (s.c.) with C. trachomatis. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 postinfection, T cells isolated from the genital tract tissues were restimulated with chlamydial antigen in vitro, and the amounts of IFN-gamma induced were measured by a sandwiched enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. At day 7 postinfection, i.n.- and i.v.-immunized mice had high levels of chlamydia-specific ISTLs in their genital tracts (203.58 +/- 68.1 and 225.5 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, respectively). However, there were no detectable ISTLs in the genital tracts of p.o.- or s.c.-infected mice. When preinfected mice were challenged i.v. 70 days later, animals preexposed by the i.n. route were highly resistant to reinfection, with greatly reduced chlamydial burden, and suffered an attenuated infection that resolved by day 6 postchallenge. Animals preexposed by the i.v. route were modestly protected, whereas p.o. and s.c. groups were indistinguishable in this regard from control mice. The resistance of i.n.-immunized mice (and to some extent the i.v.-exposed mice) to reinfection was associated with early appearance (within 24 h) of high levels of genital ISTLs compared with mice preinfected by other routes. Furthermore, although i.n. and i.v.-immunized mice had comparable levels of chlamydia-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in their vaginal washes, the levels of IgG2a were four- sixfold higher in i.n.-immunized mice than in any of the other groups. The results suggested that immunization routes that foster rapid induction of vigorous genital mucosal cell-mediated immune (CMI) effectors (e.g., IFN-gamma), the CMI-associated humoral effector, IgG2a, and to some extent secretory IgA produce protective immunity against chlamydial genital infection. Therefore, i.n. immunization is a potential delivery route of choice in the development of a vaccine against Chlamydia.
Adaptive TGF-β-dependent regulatory T cells control autoimmune diabetes and are a privileged target of anti-CD3 antibody treatment (2007)

Previous results have shown that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) control autoimmunity in a spontaneous model of type 1 diabetes, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Moreover, anti-CD3 reverses diabetes in this setting by promoting Tregs that function in a TGF-beta-dependent manner. This finding contrasts with a large body of work suggesting that CD4(+)CD25(high) Tregs act in a cytokine-independent manner, thus suggesting that another type of Treg is operational in this setting. We sought to determine the basis of suppression both in untreated NOD mice and in those treated with anti-CD3. Our present results show that a subset of foxP3(+) cells present within a CD4(+)CD25(low) lymphocyte subset suppresses T cell immunity in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice in a TGF-beta-dependent manner, a functional property typical of "adaptive" regulatory T cells. This distinct Treg subset is evident in NOD, but not normal, mice, suggesting that the NOD mice may generate these adaptive Tregs in an attempt to regulate ongoing autoimmunity. Importantly, in two distinct in vivo models, these TGF-beta-dependent adaptive CD4(+)CD25(low) T cells can be induced from peripheral CD4(+)CD25(-) T lymphocytes by anti-CD3 immunotherapy which correlates with the restoration of self-tolerance.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Chemical Grafting, Cross-Linking, and Etching on the Surface of Polyimide Membranes and Their Impact on H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Separation (2008)

Surface modifications of copoly(4,4‘-diphenylene oxide/1,5-naphthalene-2,2‘-bis(3,4-dicarboxylphenyl)hexafluoropropanediimide (6FDA−ODA/NDA) dense membranes were performed using ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,3-diaminopropane (PDA), and 1,4-diaminobutane (BuDA). Chemical grafting, cross-linking, and etching on the film surface have been verified by ATR−FTIR, UV−vis, AFM, and gel content analyses. The varying extent of the above-mentioned types of surface modification is dependent on the nucleophilicity and molecular dimensions of the diamines, which were computed using molecular simulation. Highly severe chemical etching occurred with EDA modification due to its small molecular dimensions and high nucelophilicity. The greatest degree of cross-linking was provided by PDA modification due to its favorable kinetic property and appropriate nucleophilicity. The ideal H2/CO2 permselectivity escalated from a polymer intrinsic permselectivity of 2.3 to a remarkable value of 64 after PDA modification for 90 min. This promising result was reconfirmed by the binary gas tests showing a H2/CO2 permselectivity of 45 at 35 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this mixed gas permselectivity emerged as the highest ever reported for glassy polymers in the literature. However, because of the inherent nature of the diamines modified films, direct comparison of the gas separation performances reported in this work with the Robeson upper bound cannot be established. In short, appropriate selections of diamino reagent and modification duration are required to cross-link the polymeric chains substantially while maintaining the main-chain rigidity, thereby giving the desired gas separation performance of the membrane.
Simultaneous optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence microscopy with a single light source (2013)

We have accomplished simultaneous OCT and autofluorescence microscopy with a broadband light source centered at 415 nm. The two imaging modalities are intrinsically registered and. is able to provide OCT imaging and molecular contrasts simultaneously.
A variability-aware module system (2012)

Module systems enable a divide and conquer strategy to software development. To implement compile-time variability in software product lines, modules can be composed in different combinations. However, this way, variability dictates a dominant decomposition. As an alternative, we introduce a variability-aware module system that supports compile-time variability inside a module and its interface. So, each module can be considered a product line that can be type checked in isolation. Variability can crosscut multiple modules. The module system breaks with the antimodular tradition of a global variability model in product-line development and provides a path toward software ecosystems and product lines of product lines developed in an open fashion. We discuss the design and implementation of such a module system on a core calculus and provide an implementation for C as part of the TypeChef project. Our implementation supports variability inside modules from #ifdef preprocessor directives and variable linking at the composition level. With our implementation, we type check all configurations of all modules of the open source product line Busybox with 811~compile-time options, perform linker check of all configurations, and report found type and linker errors -- without resorting to a brute-force strategy.
A supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extract of neem leaf (<i>A. indica</i>) and its bioactive liminoid, nimbolide, suppresses colon cancer in preclinical models by modulating pro‐inflammatory pathways (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Anti-inflammatory blockade has been proven to be a promising avenue of colorectal cancer prevention. However, NSAIDs while effective in curbing CRC risk are too toxic for long-term use in cancer prevention. The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is rich in liminoid terpenoids, collectively known as azadiractoids and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. To explore a role of neem in CRC, human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 cells were treated with purified Super Critical Neem Extract (SCNE) or the neem liminoid, nimbolide. SCNE treatment resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Treatment with SCNE and nimbolide decreased the expression of transcriptional factors, STAT3 and NF-κB which plays a major role in gene regulation of multiple cellular processes. Protein expression of COX1, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased on treatment with SCNE in CRC cells. Western blots and Zymogram assays results revealed anti-invasive effect by decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in CRC cells. Overall, these data confirm a potential anti-cancer effect of SCNE, reducing cell proliferation, inflammation, migration, and invasion in human colon cancer cells. Confirming these indications, we found that treatment of mice bearing HT29 and HCT116 xenografted tumors exhibited striking inhibition of colon tumor growth. Clearly we must explore the effect of neem in preclinical animal models for anti-cancer therapy.
Comparative analysis of advanced poly-silicon thin-film transistor architectures for drain field relief (2003)

Two different drain field relief architectures, lightly doped drain (LDD) and gate overlapped LDD (GOLDD), for polysilicon TFT have been analyzed and compared to conventional self-aligned (SA) devices. The introduction of LDD regions improves off-current, kink effect and electrical stability if compared to SA devices. However, a parasitic resistance effect is also introduced, thus limiting the benefits of LDD structures. GOLDD architecture overcomes this drawback, but, more importantly, show improved off-current and kink effect and exceptionally high electrical stability. The experimental results have been explained by analyzing the electric field distributions, obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulations, while a new tool to explain hot-carrier induced modifications in polysilicon TFTs was developed.
Pruritus intensity assessment: challenge for clinicians (2013)

Pruritus is defined as an unpleasant sensation that provokes a desire to scratch. This definition underlines a subjective character of itching and therefore any objective measurement of its intensity constitutes a significant clinical difficulty. Various instruments and methods have been used over time to provide a more reliable and accurate evaluation of pruritus, however, none of them have become a gold standard, unanimously accepted by all experts. The authors have reviewed current literature data on the assessment of pruritus indicating existing shortcomings and underlying the need for future studies.
Meso Scale Discovery and Luminex Comparative Analysis of Calbindin D28K (2009)

The sensitivity of different renal regions to xenobiotics requires the development of a multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous analysis of kidney biomarkers. Calbindin D28K is a distal tubule-specific protein that can be detected in urine under pathological conditions. In this study, a pair of anti-calbindin D28K antibodies was used in an immunoassay for the detection of calbindin D28K expression in rat and human kidney and urine. Comparative analysis of the immunoassay was performed on the Meso Scale Development (MSD) and Luminex platforms. Analysis on both platforms detected calbindin D28K concentrations between 100 ng/mL and 100 pg/mL. Luminex detected 10-fold the amount of calbindin D28K in samples analyzed as compared to MSD, whereas calbindin D28K level in rat and human urine was below detection limit in both platforms. The application of the immunoassays described herein may be useful in toxicological and pathological studies of distal tubular damage in rats and human.
Two-dimensional ultrasound phased array design for tissue ablation for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003)

This paper describes the design, construction and evaluation of a two-dimensional ultrasound phased array to be used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. With two-dimensional phased arrays, the focal point position can be controlled by changing the electrical power and phase to the individual elements for focusing and electronically steering in a three-dimensional volume. The array was designed with a steering angle of +/-14 degrees in both transverse and longitudinal directions. A piezoelectric ceramic (PZT-8) was used as the material of the transducer, since it can handle the high power needed for tissue ablation and a matching layer was used for maximum acoustic power transmission to tissue. Analysis of the transducer ceramic and cable impedance has been designed for high power transfer with minimal capacitance and diameter. For this initial prototype, the final construction used magnet compatible housing and cabling for future application in a clinical magnetic resonance imaging system for temperature mapping of the focused ultrasound. To verify the capability of the transducer for focusing and steering, exposimetry was performed and the results correlated well with the calculated field. Ex vivo experiments were performed and indicated the capability of the transducer to ablate tissue using short sonications. For sonications with exposure time of 10, 15 and 20 s, the lesion size was roughly 1.8, 3.0 and 4.3 mm in diameter, respectively, which indicates the feasibility of this device.
Combination of osteopontin and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule as potent prognostic discriminators in HER2- and ER-negative breast cancer (2010)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and OPN mRNA expression has a strong discriminative impact on survival within cancer patients with low or negative expression of ER and HER2, so called 'high-risk' breast cancers, and might help in identifying patients who could benefit from new treatment approaches like targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting.
Knowledge requirements for the automatic generation of project management reports (2002)

The automatic generation of project management reports for software engineering projects puts special demands on the knowledge representation of software engineering environments (SEEs). This knowledge can best be represented as a process model, and must include a rich type hierarchy and various kinds of entity relations. Furthermore, histories must be maintained for certain types of information, and specific information about problems must be available. These types of knowledge, while useful in particular for automatic project reporting, are more generally important if a SEE is to provide comprehensive and useful services to a user.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereopopulation control. III. Facilitation of intramolecular conjugate addition of the carboxyl group (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereopopulation control. III. Facilitation of intramolecular conjugate addition of the carboxyl groupRonald T. Borchardt and Louis A. CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 26, 9175–9182Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00781a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00781a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of Rainfall from TRMM Microwave Imager Observation over India (2012)

This paper presents a technique to estimate precipitation over Indian land (6–36°N, 65–99°E) at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> spatial grid using tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) microwave imager (TMI) observations. It adopts the methodology recently developed by Mishra (2012) to monitor the rainfall over the land portion. Regional scattering index (SI) developed for Indian region and polarization corrected temperature (PCT) have been utilized in this study. These proxy rain variables (i.e., PCT and SI) are matched with rainfall from precipitation radar (PR) to relate rain rate with PCT, SI, and their combination. Retrieval techniques have been developed using nonlinear relationship between rain and proxy variables. The results have been compared with the observations (independent of training data set) from PR. Results have also been validated with the observations from automatic weather station (AWS) rain gauges. It is observed from the validation results that nonlinear algorithm using single variable SI underestimates the low rainfall rates (below 20 mm/h) but overestimates the high rain rates (above 20 mm/h). On the other hand, algorithm using PCT overestimates the high rain rates (above 25 mm/h). Validation results with rain gauges show a CC of 0.68 and RMSE of 4.76 mm when both SI and PCT are used.
Blood Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Myth or Reality? (2014)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition primarily characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. At present, the diagnosis and monitoring of ALS is based on clinical examination, electrophysiological findings, medical history, and exclusion of confounding disorders. There is therefore an undeniable need for molecular biomarkers that could give reliable information on the onset and progression of ALS in clinical practice and therapeutic trials. From a practical point of view, blood offers a series of advantages, including easy handling and multiple testing at a low cost, that make it an ideal source of biomarkers. In this review, we revisited the findings of many studies that investigated the presence of systemic changes at the molecular and cellular level in patients with ALS. The results of these studies reflect the diversity in the pathological mechanisms contributing to disease (e.g., excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, among others) and provide relatively successful evidence of the usefulness of a wide-ranging panel of molecules as potential biomarkers. More studies, hopefully internationally coordinated, would be needed, however, to translate the application of these biomarkers into benefit for patients.
Daily Rainfall Probabilities: Conditional upon Prior Occurrence and Amount of Rain (1985)

A generalization of the chain-dependent process is proposed to describe daily rainfall. The model allows probabilities of rain occurrence to depend on the amount of rain in the day before. The influence of the antecedent amount of rain on the next day occurrence is called “feedback.” A method for identification of feedback effects in a series of observations is derived and application made to rainfall occurrence at Los Angeles. Performance of the model in reproducing other precipitation patterns, such as maximum daily rainfall or total amount of rainfall in successive n-day periods, was checked by the Monte Carlo method.
Real-Time Estimation of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation Ratio Based on Cylinder Pressure Signals (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">External Exhaust Gas Recirculation, EGR, is a central issue in controlling emissions in up-to-date diesel engines. An empirical model has been developed that calculates the EGR ratio as a function of the engine speed, the engine load and special characteristics of the heat release rate. It was found that three combustion characteristics correlate well with the EGR ratio. These characteristics are the ignition delay, the premixed combustion ratio and the mixing-controlled combustion ratio. The calculation of these characteristics is based on parameter subsets, which were determined using an optimization routine. The model presented was developed based on these optimized characteristics.</div>
Endometriosis associated with the N314D mutation of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) (1996)

To explore a possible connection between endometriosis, Müllerian anomalies, and possession of the N314D allele of the gene for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT), we studied 33 women with endometriosis attending a fertility clinic. Patients completed questionnaires and had DNA tested for the N314D mutation of GALT. A previously completed general population survey of 111 women which obtained the same information was available for comparison. Women with endometriosis were more likely to carry at least one N314D allele (30% compared with 14%) and more likely to report a medical history of scoliosis (21% compared with 2%) compared to general population controls: two features we have described in women with vaginal agenesis. Compared with endometriosis cases without the N314D allele, those cases with the allele tended to have more advanced disease and a family history of endometriosis. We speculate that endometriosis may arise due to defects of canalization of the cervix leading to cervical stenosis and retrograde menstruation. The relevance of the N314D mutation, via this model, may derive from an association between abnormalities of galactose metabolism and vaginal agenesis which represents a canalization defect of the vaginal plate of the Müllerian tubercle, the same structure which gives rise to the cervix.