gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastrin and Gastric Enterochromaffin-like Cell Carcinoids in the Rat (1990)

Life-long administration (greater than or equal to 2 years) of a number of long-acting gastric acid inhibitors (including H2-receptor antagonists, omeprazole and ciprofibrate) has been associated with the development of gastric enterochromaffin-like cell (ECL cell) carcinoids in rats. It has been postulated that they are a consequence of some unique property of the longer-acting acid inhibitors. There is, however, a great deal of evidence to support the hypothesis that these gastric ECL cell carcinoids develop as a result of life-long hypergastrinaemia in rats. Several lines of investigation reported here show that gastric ECL cell hyperplasia occurs when gastrin levels are increased without the use of acid-inhibiting drugs. In rats, hypergastrinaemia developed after 4 weeks' administration of exogenous gastrin (4 micrograms/kg/h). The number of gastric ECL cells per visual field had increased to 250 compared with 180 in the controls. Long-term hypergastrinaemia, induced by partial gastric corpectomy, increased plasma gastrin levels from 200 to 800 pg/ml and the density of gastric ECL cells increased from 190 to 310 cells/visual field 10 weeks after the operation. Importantly, gastric ECL cell hyperplasia, which was produced in rats by administration of omeprazole, 14 mg/kg/day for 1 year, was fully reversible following normalization of gastrin levels. Until now, gastric ECL cell carcinoids have not been reported in studies of shorter-acting, reversible H2-receptor antagonists such as ranitidine, perhaps because the correct staining techniques (i.e. Grimelius and Sevier-Munger silver stains) have not been used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcium-dependent enzyme activation and vacuole formation in the apical granular region of pancreatic acinar cells (2000)

The pancreatic acinar cell produces powerful digestive enzymes packaged in zymogen granules in the apical pole. Ca(2+) signals elicited by acetylcholine or cholecystokinin (CCK) initiate enzyme secretion by exocytosis through the apical membrane. Intracellular enzyme activation is normally kept to a minimum, but in the often-fatal human disease acute pancreatitis, autodigestion occurs. How the enzymes become inappropriately activated is unknown. We monitored the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), intracellular trypsin activation, and its localization in isolated living cells with specific fluorescent probes and studied intracellular vacuole formation by electron microscopy as well as quantitative image analysis (light microscopy). A physiological CCK level (10 pM) eliciting regular Ca(2+) spiking did not evoke intracellular trypsin activation or vacuole formation. However, stimulation with 10 nM CCK, evoking a sustained rise in [Ca(2+)](i), induced pronounced trypsin activation and extensive vacuole formation, both localized in the apical pole. Both processes were abolished by preventing abnormal [Ca(2+)](i) elevation, either by preincubation with the specific Ca(2+) chelator 1, 2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N-N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or by removal of external Ca(2+). CCK hyperstimulation evokes intracellular trypsin activation and vacuole formation in the apical granular pole. Both of these processes are mediated by an abnormal sustained rise in [Ca(2+)](i).
Continuous tuning of 12 GHz in two bands of CO_2 laser lines (1977)

Extremely broadband tuning, up to 12 GHz, of CO2 laser radiation has been achieved by generating the upper and the lower optical sideband power at microwave frequencies in an integrated-optic traveling-wave infrared modulator. The measured frequency-response curve is relatively flat over a frequency range from ±10 to ±16 GHz.
A Multicenter Comparison of Polymyxin B Sulfate/Trimethoprim Ophthalmic Solution and Moxifloxacin in the Speed of Clinical Efficacy for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (2008)

Moxifloxacin 0.5% administered three times daily is safe and cures bacterial conjunctivitis more effectively and significantly faster than polymyxin/trimethoprim dosed four times daily. The majority of patients were cured and symptom-free by 48 hours. Therefore, moxifloxacin is cost-effective and significantly more efficacious than polymyxin/trimethoprim in the speed by which it reduces the symptoms and disease transmission.
A Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on User Clustering and Item Clustering (2010)

Personalized recommendation systems can help people to find interesting things and they are widely used with the development of electronic commerce. Many recommendation systems employ the collaborative filtering technology, which has been proved to be one of the most successful techniques in recommender systems in recent years. With the gradual increase of customers and products in electronic commerce systems, the time consuming nearest neighbor collaborative filtering search of the target customer in the total customer space resulted in the failure of ensuring the real time requirement of recommender system. At the same time, it suffers from its poor quality when the number of the records in the user database increases. Sparsity of source data set is the major reason causing the poor quality. To solve the problems of scalability and sparsity in the collaborative filtering, this paper proposed a personalized recommendation approach joins the user clustering technology and item clustering technology. Users are clustered based on users’ ratings on items, and each users cluster has a cluster center. Based on the similarity between target user and cluster centers, the nearest neighbors of target user can be found and smooth the prediction where necessary. Then, the proposed approach utilizes the item clustering collaborative filtering to produce the recommendations. The recommendation joining user clustering and item clustering collaborative filtering is more scalable and more accurate than the traditional one.
Content name resolution service implementation for cache and forward network architecture (2010)

Cache aNd Forward (CNF) is a proposed architecture for content delivery services in the future Internet. The CNF architecture takes advantage of reductions in storage to design a network that directly addresses the mobile content delivery problem. The CNF architecture uses a content name resolution service protocol, along with a reliable hop-by-hop transport protocol, storage aware routing protocol in place of end-to-end TCP for reliable delivery of large files. This thesis presents the algorithms proposed for a distributed name resolution protocol and design and experimental evaluation of the protocol on ORBIT in context of a multi-hop wireless access network scenario. The protocol is designed using hashing technique such that when a host queries for a file, the name service will be triggered and will return the addresses of nodes that cache the file. Since our architecture is about caching and forwarding large content files, enabling hosts to retrieve files from the network and not necessarily from the origin server, we need to uniquely identify the files. To that effect, we propose to identify a file using a unique content identifier (CID) where CID is obtained by a one way hashing (SHA1) on the content itself. The aim here is to optimize selection of cache location and serve the host with the file from the nearest location. If the selected cache location is determined to be temporarily degraded, either due to poor channel conditions or mobility, the protocol uses multiple hash technique to provide alternate cache locations and the decision is based on the ETT metric provided by the routing protocol. The CNRS protocol over multi-hop 802.11 access networks with CNF routers has been implemented as a real-time proof-of-concept prototype on the ORBIT testbed. Baseline results for CNRS with hop-by-hop transport show that content based CNF network architecture performs better than TCP/IP stack. Using different content distributions, we have shown that multiple hashing, popularity based and location based caching provide significant gains over the baseline algorithm.
A Study on the Motion Responses and the Drift Forces of Semi-Submersible Drilling Rigs in the Damaged Condition (1988)

For the purposes of drilling oil field and extracting oil deep water in more rough weather, the size of drilling rigs must be estimated. In this paper, the three dimensional source distribution method is used and we assume 10 deg. heeling and trimming condition of the drilling rig(SR-192). Also, the effects of the hydrodynamic forces which include the drift forces for field method, and the motion responses are studied with changing the incident wave direction in the assumed inclining condition. The theory and numerical codes used in this thesis appeared to be very useful for the preliminary design of drilling rigs.
Melatonin treatment normalizes plasma pro‐inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative/oxidative stress in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal disorder characterized by dystrophin absence, courses with chronic inflammation, sarcolemmal damage, and skeletal muscle degeneration. Among the multiple pathogenic mechanisms proposed for DMD, oxidative stress and inflammation are directly involved in the dystrophic process. Unfortunately, there is no current treatment for DMD, and the inflammatory process is an important target for therapies. Based on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin, we investigated whether melatonin treatment may reduce the dystrophic process. Ten DMD patients aged 12.8 +/- 0.98 yr, were treated with melatonin (60 mg at 21:00 hr plus 10 mg at 09:00 hr), and plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrites (NO(x)), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and plasma markers of muscle injury, were determined at 3, 6 and 9 months of treatment. Healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were used as controls. The results show a significant increase in LPO, NO(x), and cytokine levels in plasma of DMD patients compared with controls. Melatonin administration reduced these values to control levels at 3 months of treatment, decreasing further 9 months later. In parallel, melatonin also reduced plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK; 50%), lactate dehydrogenase (28%), aspartate aminotransferase (28%), alanine aminotransferase (20%), and myoglobin (13%). These findings strongly support the conclusion that melatonin administration significantly reduced the hyperoxidative and inflammatory process in DMD patients, reducing the muscle degenerative process.
Extended Subsite Characterization of Carboxypeptidase Y Using Substrates Based on Intramolecularly Quenched Fluorescence (1996)

Abstract: The relation between substrate length and activity as well as the P 1 to P 5 substrate preferences of CPO-Y has been investigated using a library of substrates based on intramolecularly quenched fluorescence. With respect to substrate length the enzyme displays a strong preference for longer peptides, i.e. a heptapeptide is hydrolyzed 52000-fold faster than a dipeptide. At all positions the enzyme displays a preference for hydrophobic side chains that decreases with the distance to the scissile bond, i.e. 3500-fold for P 1 as compared with 10-fold for P 5 A peptide "optimized" in positions P 1 throughout to P 5 is hydrolyzed 6X 10 17 -fold faster than a "minimal" peptide.
Clinical Decision Support From EDHome (1999)

This installment in an ongoing series of brief web-site reviews will describe a site from the National Center for Emergency Medicine Informatics that offers access to more than 50 clinical decision-support tools for tasks such as computing MI probability, calculating body mass or finding predicted peak flow values.
Transient Electroluminescence Study of Enhanced Recombination Mobility in a Bilayer Organic Light-Emitting Diode (2001)

Transient electroluminescence (EL) measurements were carried out on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/poly[2-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV)/tris(8-hy drox-yquinoline)aluminum (Alq3)/Al bilayer and ITO/MEH-PPV/Al monolayer organic light-emitting diode devices. Significantly enhanced recombination mobility and EL lifetime were obtained in the bilayer device, explaining the greater EL efficiency in comparison to that of the monolayer device. In the last ten years, pi-conjugation organic polymers have attracted much attention as light-emitting mate-rials. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are very attractive for development of large-area flat panel displays and possess tunable electrical and optical char-acteristics, as well as flexibility [1,2]. Since the electrolu-minescence (EL) properties of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) were reported, many researchers have made ef-forts to improve the optical and the electrical properties. The greatest obstacle to the better EL efficiency is the mobility imbalance of charge carriers [3,4]. PPV and most of its derivatives have hole mobilities superior to the electron mobilities, and charge-carrier mobility bal-ancing is a very important factor for better EL efficiency. Thus, many attempts have been made to improve mobil-ity balancing by using low work-function metals for the cathode [5], blending the light-emitting polymer with an electron transport material [6], and fabricating bilayer device structures [7]. In this letter, we report transient EL measure-ments of the charge-carrier recombination mobility and the EL lifetime in an ITO/MEH-PPV/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3)/Al bilayer device with an Alq3 electron-transport layer in comparison to those in an ITO/MEH-PPV/Al monolayer device where the poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivative, MEH-PPV, was used as the light-emitting polymer. The struc-
Design of a home multi-robot system for the elderly and disabled (2015)

Home-based assistive robotic care for the elderly and disabled has long been a goal of robotics researchers. Unfortunately, no single group has solved the problem of making robots that will perform a set of tasks sufficient enough to warrant the cost to the end consumer. Numerous advances and improvements in computing, communication and related robotic technologies have been paving the way towards cheaper, more capable robots. We propose a home robot system consisting of a set of heterogeneous robots with different task spaces, cloud computing to enhance the abilities of the system, integration with existing home infrastructure, and compatibility with mobile technology. A high level of integration with the open source software of the Robot Operating System (ROS) is proposed to accelerate the design process. For the exact types of robots, we propose to use an enhanced floor cleaning robot and a mobility and vision assistance robot in the form of an improved rollator walker.
High-Yield, Ultrafast, Surface Plasmon-Enhanced, Au Nanorod Optical Field Electron Emitter Arrays (2014)

Here we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and characterization of ultrafast, surface-plasmon enhanced Au nanorod optical field emitter arrays. We present a quantitative study of electron emission from Au nanorod arrays fabricated by high-resolution electron-beam lithography and excited by 35 fs pulses of 800 nm light. We present accurate models for both the optical field enhancement of Au nanorods within high-density arrays, and electron emission from those nanorods. We have also studied the effects of surface plasmon damping induced by metallic interface layers at the substrate/nanorod interface on near-field enhancement and electron emission. We have identified the peak optical field at which the electron emission mechanism transitions from a 3-photon absorption mechanism to strong-field tunneling emission. Moreover, we have investigated the effects of nanorod array density on nanorod charge yield, including measurement of space-charge effects. The Au nanorod photocathodes presented in this work display 100-1000 times higher conversion efficiency relative to previously reported UV triggered emission from planar Au photocathodes. Consequently, the Au nanorod arrays triggered by ultrafast pulses of 800 nm light in this work may outperform equivalent UV-triggered Au photocathodes, while also offering nanostructuring of the electron pulse produced from such a cathode, which is of interest for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) development where nanostructured electron pulses may facilitate more efficient and brighter XFEL radiation.
The antitumor activity of the fungicide ciclopirox (2010)

Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) is a synthetic antifungal agent clinically used to treat mycoses of the skin and nails. Here, we show that CPX inhibited tumor growth in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenografts. To unveil the underlying mechanism, we further studied the antitumor activity of CPX in cell culture. The results indicate that CPX inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma (Rh30), breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. By cell cycle analysis, CPX induced accumulation of cells in G(1)/G(0) phase of the cell cycle. Concurrently, CPX downregulated cellular protein expression of cyclins (A, B1, D1 and E) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2 and CDK4) and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1), leading to hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. CPX also downregulated protein expression of Bcl-xL and survivin and enhanced cleavages of Bcl-2. Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, partially prevented CPX-induced cell death, suggesting that CPX-induced apoptosis of cancer cells is mediated at least in part through caspase-dependent mechanism. The results indicate that CPX is a potential antitumor agent.
Extracorporeal shock wave treatment modulates skin fibroblast recruitment and leukocyte infiltration for enhancing extended skin‐flap survival (2009)

Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) treatment has a positive effect of rescuing ischemic skin flaps. This study assessed whether ESW treatment rescues the compromised flap tissue by suppressing the apoptosis of ischemic tissue and recruiting tissue remodeling. We used a random-pattern extended dorsal-skin-flap (10 x 3 cm) rodent model. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group I, the control group, received no treatment. Group II received one session of ESW treatment (500 impulses at 0.15 mJ/mm(2)) immediately after surgery. Group III received two sessions of ESW treatment, immediately and the day after the surgery. Results indicated that the necrotic area in the flaps in group II was significantly smaller than that of the flaps in group I (p<0.01). Transferase dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells in group II. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) expression in circulation blood was significantly decreased in group II on the day after ESW treatment. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that compared with no treatment, ESW treatment could substantially increase proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase (rPH) expression, reduce CD45 expression, and suppress 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OG) expression in the ischemic zone of the flap tissue. In conclusion, ESW treatment administered at an optimal dosage exerts a positive effect of rescuing ischemic extended skin flaps. The mechanisms of action of ESWs involve modulation of oxygen radicals, attenuation of leukocyte infiltration, decrease in tissue apoptosis, and recruitment of skin fibroblasts, which results in increased flap tissue survival.
Alpha‐synuclein transfers from neurons to oligodendrocytes (2013)

The origin of α-synuclein (α-syn)-positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions found in oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is enigmatic, given the fact that oligodendrocytes do not express α-syn mRNA. Recently, neuron-to-neuron transfer of α-syn was suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we explored whether a similar transfer of α-syn might occur from neurons to oligodendrocytes, which conceivably could explain how glial cytoplasmic inclusions are formed. We studied oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo and examined their ability to take up different α-syn assemblies. First, we treated oligodendrocytes with monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar forms of α-syn proteins and investigated whether α-syn uptake is dynamin-dependent. Second, we injected the same α-syn species into the mouse cortex to assess their uptake in vivo. Finally, we monitored the presence of human α-syn within rat oligodendroglial cells grafted in the striatum of hosts displaying Adeno-Associated Virus-mediated overexpression of human α-syn in the nigro-striatal pathway. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes take up recombinant α-syn monomers, oligomers and, to a lesser extent, fibrils in vitro in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and that this process is inhibited by dynasore. Further, we demonstrate in our injection model that oligodendrocytes also internalize α-syn in vivo. Finally, we provide the first direct evidence that α-syn can transfer to grafted oligodendroglial cells from host rat brain neurons overexpressing human α-syn. Our findings support the hypothesis of a neuron-to-oligodendrocyte transfer of α-syn, a mechanism that may play a crucial role in the progression and pathogenesis of MSA.
Innovation, local engagement and leadership; the future of supported housing in mental health (2008)

The new local government performance framework, in combination with the move towards greater personalisation in services, creates a radically new funding environment for housing with care and support. From the Public Service Agreement (PSA) on achieving settled accommodation for individuals at risk of exclusion, through to the impact of local joint strategic needs asessments and individual budgets, the principles and mechanisms of the new joint commissioning culture create more opportunities for providers to articulate the needs of the client group served, and to assert the case for more joined‐up and responsive services. This may require different skills and new styles of leadership at local level, and providers who have become adept at being competitors may need to re‐discover the skills of partnership. Meanwhile, new social exclusion policy frameworks are emerging for supported accommodation, which can support moves away from institutional care for those with mental health problems.
Kalman filter tracker (2000)

A Kalman Filter tracker algorithm is developed to increase track accuracy in the presence of scintillation. A simulation is developed which allows comparison of the Kalman Filter tracker to a Centroid tracker. This paper describes the development of the Kalman Filter tracker algorithm and the results of the simulation effort. The Kalman Filter Tracker formulation is described and sensitivity analyses are performed.
INHIBITION OF OESTROUS BEHAVIOUR IN EWES BY PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST OESTRADIOL-17β (1975)

M.R.C. Unit of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, 39 Chalmers Street, Edinburgh EH3 9ER (Received 14th June 1974) The biological activity of a steroid can be readily neutralized by high-affinity antibodies directed against the steroid, thus providing a useful method of studying its effects. Biological neutralization with antibodies to low molecular weight hormones can be produced either by active immunization against an hormonal hapten (Scaramuzzi, Caldwell, Tillson & Thorneycroft, 1970), or by the passive transfer of antibodies to the hormone (Vande Wiele, Ferin, Raziano, Dyrenfurth & Mikhail, 1970). The widespread use of these methods has not been possible in the past because of difficulties in generating antisera to steroid haptens and the relatively small quantities of antisera produced. The availability of reliable quick methods for the production of antisera to hormones of low molecular weight (Vaitukaitis, Robbins, Nieschlag & Ross, 1971) has been reflected by