gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the PI3-K/Akt Pathway Mediates cGMP Enhanced-Neurogenesis in the Adult Progenitor Cells Derived from the Subventricular Zone (2005)

The intracellular mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis remain unclear. Using neurospheres isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult rat, we investigated the effect of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its signaling pathway on the induction of neurogenesis. Neurospheres expressed phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and treatment of neurospheres with Sildenafil, a specific inhibitor of PDE5, significantly increased cGMP levels and neurogenesis. In addition, incubation of neurospheres with Sildenafil significantly phosphorylated Akt, which was associated with an increase of phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a downstream target of Akt. Coincubation of neurospheres with Sildenafil and LY 294002, a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3-K/Akt, abolished Sildenafil-induced phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3. Furthermore, LY 294002 blocked Sildenafil-increased SVZ cell proliferation. These data suggest that Sildenafil-enhanced neurogenesis likely occurs through activation of the PI3-K/Akt/GSK-3 pathway.
A Proof of Concept of an Airborne Visibility Indicator (2004)

Every year U.S. Army and civil aviation loses lives and aircraft due to spatial disorientation experienced during periods of minimal visibility or inadvertent entry into instrument meteorological conditions. Flights sometime end catastrophically when an aircraft flies into terrain or water. It is the duty of the pilot-in-command of a single-aircraft mission, or of the air mission commander in a multi-aircraft operation, to determine the prevailing visibility through which they will be traveling. U. S. Army rotary-wing pilots have always had to use their judgment and experience to subjectively assess the enroute visibility. As weather deteriorates, pilots must rely on their subjective analysis to formulate a course of action: to proceed, alter, or abort the mission. Advances in state-of-the-art technologies may be able to provide military and civil pilots with objective visibility data presented via a cockpit instrument (an Airborne Visibility Indicator (AVI)) which could provide the necessary objective real-time information from which an informed decision to proceed with or abort a mission can be made. Prior to the actual expense of developing such an instrument, this proof of concept project was conducted to determine if such a concept was practical, would enhance situational awareness, and serve as a countermeasure to inadvertent entry into visual conditions conducive to spatial disorientation (SD). In general, data from this proof of concept investigation indicated that an AVI would be a useful tool, was favorably received by aircrews, and was a countermeasure to SD. Based on the findings and conclusions of this proof of concept project, it is recommended that the development of an AVI be continued and a USAARL Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) proposal topic be submitted for consideration.
Power-spectrum shaping of halftone patterns and its effect on visual appearance (1992)

The authors present a binary-pattern power-spectrum-matching algorithm (BIPPSMA) for power spectrum shaping of halftone patterns. This algorithm preserves the first-order statistics of a binary pattern, while manipulating different features of its power spectrum. Binary patterns created with BIPPSMA are presented to human observers during a psychovisual test, in order to measure the response of the human visual system to power-spectrum variations of binary patterns. The characteristics of the power spectrum that are varied in BIPPSMA are the principal frequency location and the energy at the principal frequency peak. Patterns generated with this algorithm and the results of the psychovisual test are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical moving target detection with 3-D matched filtering (1988)

Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving optical targets immersed in a background noise field. The procedure requires the processing of entire sequences of frames of optical scenes containing the moving targets. The 3-D processor must be properly matched to the target signature and its velocity vector, but will simultaneously detect all targets to which it is matched. The results of a study to evaluate the 3-D processor are presented. Simulation results are reported which show the ability of the processor to detect targets well below the background level. These results demonstrate the capability and robustness of the processor, and show that the algorithms, although somewhat complicated, can be implemented readily. Some effects on the number of frames processed, target flight scenarios, and velocity and signature mismatch are also presented. The ability to detect multiple targets is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antimicrobial Activity of 8-Quinolinols, Salicylic Acids, Hydroxynaphthoic Acids, and Salts of Selected Quinolinols with Selected Hydroxy-Acids (1962)

Seventy-seven compounds were screened by the disc-plate method against strains of five bacteria and five fungi. A new constant was proposed to describe the antimicrobial activity of a compound in a defined system of organisms. This constant includes not only the inhibitory level of activity of the material but also the number of organisms inhibited. This constant, the antimicrobial spectrum index, was compared with the antimicrobial index of Albert.
MUOS communications infrastructure demonstration network and encryption-based applications (2005)

The Navy's Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) program is the next-generation UHF satellite communications system for the US Department of Defense. General Dynamics and Ericsson Inc. (as part of the Lockheed Martin (LM) team) has-for the Component Advanced Development (CAD) phase of the program-installed a 3G (third generation) cellular "trial system", that was used as a testbed for demonstrations of MUOS communications services. To support the MUOS communication demonstrations, a global telecommunications network was constructed interconnecting several system nodes in the continental United States, as well as the global DSN (defense switched network), PSTN and two satellite systems. The heart of the system resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, and consists of two trailers that contain the core network (CN) and radio access network (RAN) of the "trial system". Three radio base stations (RJBS) were connected to the radio network controller (RNC) in the RAN to allow users to communicate wirelessly and securely through the cellular system to other wireless users, DSN phones, PSTN phones, Navy legacy communication systems, public internet, plus public and private servers. The Lockheed-Martin/General Dynamics Team won this competition, and has recently completed the integrated baseline review. The team is now working on implementing the MUOS Program.
Comparison of Dimmable Electromagnetic and Electronic Ballast Systems—An Assessment on Energy Efficiency and Lifetime (2007)

There is a common misconception that energy saving is always equivalent to environmental protection. Compared with electromagnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts have a much shorter lifetime and are not recyclable. This prompts new concerns about their environmental impacts due to the accumulation of a huge amount of toxic and/or nonbiodegradable electronic waste components and materials. In this paper, the combined use of a central dimming system with low-loss electromagnetic ballasts is compared with electronic ballasts. Experimental results have confirmed that the use of a central dimming system for large electromagnetic-ballast-driven lighting systems can be as energy efficient as electronic ballasts. Considering the long lifetime ( 30 years) of electromagnetic ballasts and the recyclability of their magnetic chokes, this paper shows that such combined technology can provide an improved environmentally friendly and energy-saving solution for large-scale electric-lighting systems, particularly for lighting systems in large public areas. Due to the elimination of many electronic ballasts, this proposed technology has the potential of drastically reducing a huge amount of electronic waste. With the positive results obtained in this paper, it is hoped that international regulatory organizations would reconsider their current policies and promote lighting technology that is both environmentally friendly and energy saving.
The Relation between Modulator and Activator in Maize (1954)

Variegated pericarp, which Emerson1 first interpreted in terms of a somatically unstable gene, Pvv, is a widely occurring character in maize, presumably of great antiquity.Brink and Nilan2 postulated that the variegated allele is a compound structure comprising the pRR gene (self-red pericarp and cob) and an accessory element termed "Modulator" (Mp) which is separable from the P locus.It is now shown that the unit which is auxiliary to pRR in variegated pericarp is similar to, if not identical with, Activator (Ac), which McClintock3 has established as the co-agent of Dissociation (Ds) in causing instability and chromosome breakage at other loci at which the latter element is located.McClintock identified Activator in a stock not carrying variegated pericarp in which various structural changes in the chromosomes had occurred as a result of the operation of the chromosomal type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle in early sporophytic mitoses.Modulator, as mentioned above, was first recognized in quite different cultures as a component of the Pvv allele.Although McClintock observed that Ac ordinarily gave a detectable effect only in conjunction with Ds, located elsewhere in the genome, whereas Mp was unitary and autonomous, the early evidence showed that Activator and Modulator resembled each other in two respects.In the first place, the dosage effects, even though measured by different criteria in unrelated strains, were parallel (Brink4).Second, both Ac and Mp were capable of shifting from one position to another in the chromosome complement.Critical tests of the correspondence between the two elements were needed.One such test has now been made by determining that Modulator, like Activator, in the presence of Dissociation, regularly incites chromosome breakage at the position of the latter unit.The Pericarp Strains Tested.-It was of interest to determine whether, among the diverse array of alleles at the P locus, the capacity to promote Ds chromosome breakage was limited to variegated.The P locus on the short arm of the first chromosome is one of the most complex in maize.Four classes of stable alleles commonly occur, as well as a mutable type, mosaic, distinct from variegated.
A High-performance, Low Cost Capacitive Accelerometer Trimmed Using Nonvolatile Potentiometers (EEPOT's) (2005)

The ability to calibrate an accelerometer after final assembly is an important improvement for high volume applications. We have developed a capacitive accelerometer which is trimmed using nonvolatile potentiometers. This trimming method as well as the short manufacturing steps of the sensor die reduce the overall costs further in an increasingly price sensitive market.
Analyzing Worms and Network Traffic using Compression (2005)

Internet worms have become a widespread threat to system and network operations. In order to fight them more efficiently, it is necessary to analyze newly discovered worms and attack patterns. This paper shows how techniques based on Kolmogorov Complexity can help in the analysis of internet worms and network traffic. Using compression, different species of worms can be clustered by type. This allows us to determine whether an unknown worm binary could in fact be a later version of an existing worm in an extremely simple, automated, manner. This may become a useful tool in the initial analysis of malicious binaries. Furthermore, compression can also be useful to distinguish different types of network traffic and can thus help to detect traffic anomalies: Certain anomalies may be detected by looking at the compressibility of a network session alone. We furthermore show how to use compression to detect malicious network sessions that are very similar to known intrusion attempts. This technique could become a useful tool to detect new variations of an attack and thus help to prevent IDS evasion. We provide two new plugins for Snort which demonstrate both approaches.
Joint therapy: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (2011)

The mode of action to cause membrane damage to human diploid fibroblasts by streptolysin 0 is not typical for that of all thiol-activated cytolysins. Theta-toxin and alveolysin, on the other hand, share all properties investigated and may thus, with regard to mechanisms of membrane damaging action, constitute a subgroup among thiol-activated haemolysins.
Prevention of spread of hepatitis C (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted by percutaneous or permucosal exposure to infectious blood or blood-derived body fluids. Based on the results of cohort and acute case control studies, risk factors associated with acquiring HCV infection in the United States have included transfusion of blood and blood products and transplantation of solid organs from infected donors, injecting drug use, occupational exposure to blood (primarily contaminated needle sticks), birth to an infected mother, sex with an infected partner, and multiple heterosexual partners. Nosocomial and iatrogenic transmission of HCV primarily are recognized in the context of outbreaks, and primarily have resulted from unsafe injection practices. Transmission from HCV-infected health care workers to patients is rare. Transfusions and transplants have been virtually eliminated as sources for transmission, and most (68%) newly acquired cases of hepatitis C are related to injecting drug use. The primary prevention of illegal drug injecting will eliminate the greatest risk factor for HCV infection in the United States. Other prevention strategies that need to be widely implemented include risk reduction counseling and services and review and improvement of infection control practices in all types of health care settings. Testing for HCV infection should be routinely performed for persons at high risk for infection or who require postexposure management. There are no recommendations for routine restriction of professional activities for HCV-infected health care workers, and persons should not be excluded from work, school, play, and child care or other settings on the basis of their HCV infection status.
Identification and Characterization of a Bile Acid 7α-Dehydroxylation Operon in <i>Clostridium</i> sp. Strain TO-931, a Highly Active 7α-Dehydroxylating Strain Isolated from Human Feces (2000)

Clostridium sp. strain TO-931 can rapidly convert the primary bile acid cholic acid to a potentially toxic compound, deoxycholic acid. Mixed oligonucleotide probes were used to isolate a gene fragment encoding a putative bile acid transporter from Clostridium sp. strain TO-931. This DNA fragment had 60% nucleotide sequence identity to a known bile acid transporter gene from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708, another bile acid-7alpha-dehydroxylating intestinal bacterium. The DNA (9.15 kb) surrounding the transporter gene was cloned from Clostridium sp. strain TO-931 and sequenced. Within this larger DNA fragment was a 7.9-kb region, containing six successive open reading frames (ORFs), that was encoded by a single 8.1-kb transcript, as determined by Northern blot analysis. The gene arrangement and DNA sequence of the Clostridium sp. strain TO-931 operon are similar to those of a Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 bile acid-inducible operon containing nine ORFs. Several genes in the Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 operon have been shown to encode products required for bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation. In Clostridium sp. strain TO-931, genes potentially encoding bile acid-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase, 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, bile acid 7alpha-dehydratase, bile acid-CoA hydrolase, and a bile acid transporter were similar in size and exhibited amino acid homology to similar gene products from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 (encoded by baiB, baiA, baiE, baiF, and baiG, respectively). However, no genes similar to Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 biaH or baiI were found in the Clostridium sp. strain TO-931 bai operon, and the two putative Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 genes, baiC and baiD, were arranged in one continuous ORF in Clostridium sp. strain TO-931. Intergene regions showed no significant DNA sequence similarity, but primer extension analysis identified a region 115 bp upstream from the first ORF that exhibited 58% identity to a bai operator/promoter region identified in Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708. These results indicate that the gene organization, gene product amino acid sequences, and promoters of the bile acid-inducible operons of Clostridium sp. strain TO-931 and Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 are highly conserved.
The Rate of Corrosion of Silver in Ferric Perchlorate Solutions (1952)

Silver dissolves much more slowly in ferric perchlorate and nitrate than in ferric sulfate solutions. A detailed study of the rate in perchlorate solutions has been made, with'the effect of concentration of ferric, ferrous and silver ions, of other salts including sulfates, of stirring speed, temperature and electrical polarization. Two factors are responsible for the difference in rates; (a) silver perchlorate is more strongly adsorbed on silver than silver sulfate is, and (b) a sulfato-ferric complex ion reacts more rapidly than the normal hydrated ferric ion. Spectrophotometric evidence is given for the existence of the sulfato-ferric ion.
Quantitative analysis of second order distributed Raman amplification (2002)

We have experimentally quantified the OSNR improvements achievable with second order distributed Raman pumping, and the associated tradeoffs in terms of pump power efficiency. The results are very accurately predicted by a model using measured fiber parameters and taking into account the pump-signal and pump-pump Raman interactions.
The laser vs. the lamp: a novel laser-induced adiabatic reaction and luminescence of benzophenones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe laser vs. the lamp: a novel laser-induced adiabatic reaction and luminescence of benzophenonesNicholas J. Turro, Masayuki Aikawa, and Ian R. GouldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 3, 856–858Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00367a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00367a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mode of Action of a Nonionic and a Cationic Surfactant in Relation to Glyphosate (1988)

Addition of Ethomeen T/25 (polyoxyethylene (15) tallow amine) at different concentrations enhanced the glyphosate toxicity to seedlings of winter-wheat. The nonionic Renex 688 (polyoxyethylene (8) nonylphenol) showed a relatively pore capacity to enhance glyphosate toxicity. Absorption of14C-glyphosate is inhibited by Renex 688 and enhanced by Ethomeen T/25, which explains the observed difference in influence on glyphosate toxicity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the epicuticular waxes seem rather unimpaired after application of the surfactants. The two surfactants penetrate into the cuticle. Application of Ethomeen T/25 resulted in the appearance of necrotic lesions whereas Renex 688 gave much less injury. The results are discussed in relation to the physical-chemical properties of Renex 688 and Ethomeen T/25.
Evidence for cognitive involvement in discriminating speech in babble. (2012)

SR lowers the detection threshold of auditory signals by an order of magnitude. We show that these results, using emissions noise, show higher discrimination rate than reported results using non-matched noise. SR processing is a cognitive process as demonstrated by the sample sentences. OAE is suggested as the brain's mechanism of SR processing.
Operation and Maintenance (Chapter XI) (1969)

The correct design and installation completes only the first step in\nsuccessful sprinkler irrigation. The manner of operation and maintenance\nof all components will determine the success or failure of any\nsprinkler system. ASAE Recommendation R-264, entitled "Minimum\nRequirements for Design, Installation and Performance of Sprinkler\nIrrigation Equipment," states: "The dealer-purchaser responsibilities\nrecognize successful operation of a sprinkler system as depending on\nboth buyer and seller."
Additive Manufacturing of Permanent Magnets (2016)

Here, permanent magnets enable energy conversion. Motors and generators are used to convert both electrical to mechanical energy and mechanical to electrical energy, respectively. They are precharged (magnetized) prior to being used in an application and must remain magnetized during operation. In addition, they should generate sufficient magnetic flux for a given application. Nevertheless permanent magnets can be demagnetized (discharged of their magnetization) by other magnetic materials in their service vicinity, temperature changes (thermal demagnetization), microstructural degradations and the magnet’s internal demagnetizing field. Therefore a permanent magnet can be qualified based on the properties that measure its ability to withstand demagnetization and to supply sufficient magnetic flux required for a given application. Some of those properties are further discussed below. Additive manufacturing followed by exchange spring magnets will be discussed afterwards.
EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF METAMATERIAL-BASED PHASE MODULATION (2009)

Phase modulation is critical due to its applicability in varied RF devices such as phased array antennas, radars to name a few. In this paper, we report experimental data on phase modulation in the X-band frequency using tunable metamaterials such as a planar design of stacked dual split ring resonators (DSRRs) of 3 mm thickness at 8.5 GHz. Modulation was brought about by switching between the open and closed states of the rings causing a net change in the effective refractive index and thereby producing a phase variation. One and two dimensional free-space scanning experiments were carried out where a phase modulation of 62 degrees was demonstrated. The measured data matched well with the numerically simulated results.