gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Treatment of Normal-pressure Hydrocephalus (1995)

FROM THE RECORDS of approximately 1500 shunt operations performed between 1987 and 1992, we identified 37 adults between ages 38 and 86 years (mean, 70 yr) with the normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) syndrome who underwent surgery by a single surgeon. Since 1990, we have routinely used a flow-regulated shunt system (Orbis-Sigma valve [OSV]; Cordis Corporation, Miami, FL) in these patients. In this study, we compared the OSV system with conventional differential-pressure (DP) shunt systems uniformly used before 1990. This series (n = 37) consisted of 62% men (n = 23) and 38% women (n = 14). We excluded all patients with hydrocephalus associated with central nervous system neoplasms, intracerebral hemorrhage, or trauma as well those with radiographically documented late-onset aqueductal stenosis. All patients presented with the NPH clinical syndrome, chiefly with magnetic gait. In addition, 75% of patients experienced cognitive loss and 59% experienced urinary incontinence. The mean duration of preoperative symptoms was 35 months (range, 7-120 mo). Eight patients (22%) had undergone previous shunting procedures before referral to our service. A total of 89 shunt operations were performed in the 37 patients. Using actuarial methods and controlling for a history of prior shunt surgery, we found no significant difference in the time to initial malfunction (shunt survival) between the OSV and the DP shunts. There were three subdural hematomas and one infection in the OSV group compared with no complications in the DP valve group (P = 0.11). Thirty-six patients were available for follow-up, at a mean of 14 months after surgery. Nearly 90% of all patients experienced improvement in gait after shunting, regardless of the valve system that was used. There was one unrelated death. Realizing the limitations of a retrospective analysis and on the basis of the limited number of patients in this study, we conclude that using actuarial methods, we found no significant difference in shunt survival when comparing the OSV with the standard DP valve shunt systems with antisiphon devices in patients with NPH. Contrary to previous reports, the OSV is not free of overdrainage complications. Most patients (89%) with the NPH syndrome who primarily presented with gait disorder experienced significant improvement in gait after either OSV or DP shunting procedures when selected for surgery on the basis of the clinical syndrome and confirmatory radiographic data.
In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by prostaglandin E2. III. Induction of suppressor cells in marrow and spleen capable of mediating inhibition of CFU-GM proliferation (1988)

Intravenous (IV) injection of 0.1 to 10 micrograms of authentic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in intact steady-state mice induces a population of bone marrow and spleen cells having the capacity to suppress CFU-GM proliferation when admixed with normal bone marrow cells. Equivalent suppression of CFU-GM committed to monocytic as well as granulocytic differentiation was observed using colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) differing in their lineage specificities and by direct morphological analysis of proliferating clones. Kinetic analysis indicates that suppressive bone marrow cells appear within 2 hours after PGE2 injection, are maximal at 6 hours, and are no longer observed by 24 hours postinjection. Positive and negative selection studies using monoclonal antibodies indicate that the PGE2-induced suppressor cells react positively with anti-GMA 1.2, MAC1, and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting a myeloid/monocytic origin. As few as 1,000 positively selected bone marrow or spleen cells were able to inhibit maximally normal CFU-GM proliferation by 50,000 control bone marrow cells. Suppression of normal CFU-GM can be substituted for by 24- hour cell-free supernates from unseparated bone marrow cells or GMA 1.2 or F4/80 positively selected marrow or spleen cells from PGE2-treated but not control mice. These supernates also inhibited BFU-E proliferation. Injection of as few as 2 million bone marrow cells from PGE2-treated mice into steady-state mice or animals hematopoietically rebounding following a sublethal injection of cyclophosphamide significantly suppressed total CFU-GM proliferation in recipient mice within 6 hours. In summary, these studies describe the detection of a novel hematopoietic control network induced by PGE2 in intact mice.
tasiRNAdb: a database of ta-siRNA regulatory pathways (2013)

Abstract Summary: In plants, many trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) regulatory pathways have been identified as significant components of the gene networks involved in development, metabolism, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and DNA methylation at the TAS locus. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding on the nature of ta-siRNA regulatory pathways, we developed a freely accessible resource, tasiRNAdb, to serve as a repository for the sequences of ta-siRNA regulatory pathway-related microRNAs, TASs, ta-siRNAs and ta-siRNA targets, and for the cascading relations among them. With 583 pathways from 18 species, tasiRNAdb is the largest resource for known ta-siRNA regulatory pathways currently available. tasiRNAdb also provides a tool named TasExpAnalysis that was developed to map user-submitted small RNA and degradome libraries to a stored/input TAS and to perform sRNA phasing analysis and TAS cleavage analysis. Availability: The database of plant ta-siRNA regulatory pathways is available at http://bioinfo.jit.edu.cn/tasiRNADatabase/. Contact: zhang_chq2002@sohu.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
임상연구 : 자궁경부 원추형 생검수술후 재발 방지를 위한 인유두종바이러스 검사 시기와 대책에 대한 고찰 (2006)

목적: 자궁경부 원추형 생검수술후 언제 인유두종바이러스 (HPV) 검사를 하는 것이 좋은가를 알고자 하였다. 연구방법: 1997년부터 2004년까지 A병원 산부인과에서 원추형생검을 Large Loop Excisions of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ)에 의해 시행한 환자를 대상으로, 시술 전 Pap과 HPV 아형을 HPV oligonucleotide microarray (Biomedlab Co., Seoul, South Korea)를 이용하여 검사하였고, 시술 후 3개월마다 HPV 아형검사를 검사하였다. 결과: 8년간 120명의 환자가 이 연구에 참여하였다. 8명은 병변이 없었고, 9명은 자궁경부 상피내종양 (CIN) 1, 17명은 CIN2, 74명은 CIN3, 10명은 미세침윤암, 그리고 2명은 선암이 자궁경부상피내에 국한되어 있었다. LLETZ를 하기 전에 HPV는 85.0%에서 양성이고, 가장 흔한 아형은 16번으로 전체의 40.8%를 차지하였다. LLETZ후에는 1,307 개월에 걸쳐서 190회의 HPV 검사가 실행되었으며 (평균 1회 검사당 6.9개월), 95회 (79.2%)에서는 음성을 25회 (20.8%)에서는 양성을 보였다. 그리고 음성 환자들의 약 80%에서 LLETZ후 6개월 내에 음성을 보였다. 결론: LLETZ로 HPV 음성 되는 환자의 80%가 6개월 내 음성이 되므로, HPV 아형 검사는 시술 후 6개월째부터 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.
CD8 T cell autoreactivity to preproinsulin epitopes with very low human leucocyte antigen class I binding affinity (2012)

Beta cells presenting islet epitopes are recognized and destroyed by autoreactive CD8 T cells in type 1 diabetes. These islet-specific T cells are believed to react with epitopes binding with high affinity to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expressed on beta cells. However, this assumption might be flawed in case of islet autoimmunity. We evaluated T cell recognition of the complete array of preproinsulin (PPI) peptides with regard to HLA binding affinity and T cell recognition. In a comprehensive approach, 203 overlapping 9-10mer PPI peptides were tested for HLA-A2 binding and subjected to binding algorithms. Subsequently, a high-throughput assay was employed to detect PPI-specific T cells in patient blood, in which conditional HLA ligands were destabilized by ultraviolet irradiation and HLA molecules refolded with arrays of PPI peptides, followed by quantum-dot labelling and T cell staining. Analysis of patient blood revealed high frequencies of CD8 T cells recognizing very low HLA binding peptides. Of 28 peptides binding to HLA-A2, a majority was predicted not to bind. Unpredicted peptides bound mainly with low affinities. HLA binding affinity and immunogenicity may not correlate in autoimmunity. Algorithms used to predict high-affinity HLA peptide binders discount the majority of low-affinity HLA binding epitopes. Appreciation that peptides binding HLA with very low affinity can act as targets of autoreactive T cells may help to understand loss of tolerance and disease pathogenesis and possibly point to tissue-specific immune intervention targets.
Latency hiding in message-passing architectures (2002)

The paper demonstrates the advantages of having two processors in the node of a distributed memory architecture, one for computation and one for communication. The architecture of such a dual-processor node is discussed. To exploit fully the potential for parallel execution of computation threads and communication threads, a novel, compiler-optimized IPC mechanism allows for an unbuffered no-wait send and a prefetched receive without the danger of semantics violation. It is shown how an optimized parallel operating system can be constructed such that the application processor's involvement in communication is kept to a minimum while the utilization of both processors is maximized. The MANNA implementation results in an effective message start-up latency of only 1...4 microseconds. It is also shown how the dual-processor node is utilized to efficiently realize virtual shared memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lateral vibrations, causes and some solutions (in electric drive trains) (2002)

Some case histories of lateral vibrations in drive trains are reviewed, and solutions to some observed problems are noted. Twin drives are more sensitive to lateral vibrations, due to the nature of the forces causing relative motion of the drive piers. Misalignment of the gear and pinion can cause stress concentrations in the teeth in the gear-pinion mesh, leading to overloads, spalling, harmonic wear and torque oscillations in the drive train.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Model-Based Satellite Image Fusion (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A method is proposed for pixel-level satellite image fusion derived directly from a model of the imaging sensor. By design, the proposed method is spectrally consistent. It is argued that the proposed method needs regularization, as is the case for any method for this problem. A framework for pixel neighborhood regularization is presented. This framework enables the formulation of the regularization in a way that corresponds well with our prior assumptions of the image data. The proposed method is validated and compared with other approaches on several data sets. Lastly, the intensity-hue-saturation method is revisited in order to gain additional insight of what implications the spectral consistency has for an image fusion method. </para>
Nonbolometric laser-induced voltage signals in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films at room temperature (1991)

We report on detailed studies of laser-induced voltage signals observed in unbiased ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ thin films at room temperature. The induced signals are measured as a function of incident energy, bias current, light polarization, and wavelength. The observed signals are remarkable because of their magnitude, up to 2 V across 4 \ensuremath{\Omega} at 30 mJ/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and because they represent potentials which are forbidden by the known crystal symmetry of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ if two obvious explanations, pyroelectricity and off-diagonal thermoelectricity, are considered. The signal proves to be independent of the polarization of light as well as its wavelength for \ensuremath{\lambda}=1064, 532, and 355 nm. Our measurements provide strong evidence that the observed signals do not have a bolometric origin. The signal amplitude is proportional to the magnitude of the incident energy and not to its energy density. The time constant of the bolometric response, determined by applying a bias current, is different from that of the transient. The dependence of the time constant, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}$, of the transient on the film thickness is not unique. For films with thicknesses below 4000 \AA{}, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ agrees with simulated thermal diffusion times. Thicker films appear to show time constants independent of thickness, in contrast with predictions for thermal diffusion. Although the reflectivity is a symmetric function of the angle of incidence about the normal, the voltage signals are not.
Three-Dimensional Low Symmetry Mesoporous Silica Structures Templated from Tetra-Headgroup Rigid Bolaform Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant (2005)

Two kinds of highly ordered mesoporous silica materials (FDU-11, FDU-13) with novel three-dimensional (3-D) tetragonal and orthorhombic structures were synthesized by using tetra-headgroup rigid bolaform quaternary ammonium surfactant [(CH(3))(3)NCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)N(CH(3))(2)CH(2)(CH(2))(11)OC(6)H(4)C(6)H(4)O(CH(2))(11)CH(2)N(CH(3))(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)N(CH(3))(3).4Br] (C(3-12-12)(-)(3)) as a template under alkaline conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that mesoporous silica FDU-11 has primitive tetragonal P4/mmm structure with cell parameters a = b = 8.46 nm, c = 5.22 nm, and c/a ratio = 0.617. N(2) sorption isotherms show that calcined FDU-11 has a high BET surface area of approximately 1490 m(2)/g, a uniform pore size of approximately 2.72 nm, and a pore volume of approximately 1.88 cm(3)/g. Mesoporous silica FDU-13 has primitive orthorhombic Pmmm structure. The cell parameters are a = 9.81, b = 5.67, and c = 3.66 nm. N(2) sorption isotherms show that calcined FDU-13 has a high BET surface area of 1210 m(2)/g, a uniform mesopore size of approximately 1.76 nm, and a large pore volume of approximately 1.83 cm(3)/g. Such low symmetries for 3-D mesostructures (tetragonal and orthorhombic system) have not been observed before even in amphiphilic liquid crystals, which maybe resulted from an oblate aggregation of the bolaform surfactant and its strong electrostatic interaction with inorganic precursor. A probable mechanism has been proposed for the formation of such a 3-D low symmetrical mesostructure. These results will further extend the synthesis of mesoporous materials and may open up new opportunities for their new applications in catalysis, separation, and nanoscience.
You are Here: Mimicking the Human Thinking Process in Reading Floor-Plans (2015)

A human can easily find his or her way in an unfamiliar building, by walking around and reading the floor-plan. We try to mimic and automate this human thinking process. More precisely, we introduce a new and useful task of locating an user in the floor-plan, by using only a camera and a floor-plan without any other prior information. We address the problem with a novel matching-localization algorithm that is inspired by human logic. We demonstrate through experiments that our method outperforms state-of-the-art floor-plan-based localization methods by a large margin, while also being highly efficient for real-time applications.
Improved p-type conductivity in Al-rich AlGaN using multidimensional Mg-doped superlattices (2016)

A novel multidimensional Mg-doped superlattice (SL) is proposed to enhance vertical hole conductivity in conventional Mg-doped AlGaN SL which generally suffers from large potential barrier for holes. Electronic structure calculations within the first-principle theoretical framework indicate that the densities of states (DOS) of the valence band nearby the Fermi level are more delocalized along the c-axis than that in conventional SL, and the potential barrier significantly decreases. Hole concentration is greatly enhanced in the barrier of multidimensional SL. Detailed comparisons of partial charges and decomposed DOS reveal that the improvement of vertical conductance may be ascribed to the stronger pz hybridization between Mg and N. Based on the theoretical analysis, highly conductive p-type multidimensional Al0.63Ga0.37N/Al0.51Ga0.49N SLs are grown with identified steps via metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. The hole concentration reaches up to 3.5 × 10(18) cm(-3), while the corresponding resistivity reduces to 0.7 Ω cm at room temperature, which is tens times improvement in conductivity compared with that of conventional SLs. High hole concentration can be maintained even at 100 K. High p-type conductivity in Al-rich structural material is an important step for the future design of superior AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet devices.
Dynamic Collision Avoidance Path Planning for Mobile Robot Based on Multi-sensor Data Fusion by Support Vector Machine (2007)

Statistical learning theory is introduced to movement planning of intelligent robot, considering the issues that the dynamic collision avoidance planning of mobile robot is a complicated and nonlinear system, and combine the advantages of the support vector machine (SVM) possessed, a method of mobile robot dynamic collision avoidance planning based on multi-sensor data fusion by SVM is presented in this paper. We utilize 5 ultrasonic sensors and an image sensor get environmental information in this method, and the SVM is used to do multi-sensor data fusion to compute these information, in order to achieve the purpose that dynamic control the mobile robot's next action. The method fully utilizes the potential of the SVM and the multi-sensor data fusion to solve dynamic path planning problem of mobile robot. The simulation result shows that this method is feasible and effective.
Study and implementation of high frequency pulse LED driver with self-oscillating circuit (2011)

In this paper, the study and implementation of a high frequency pulse LED driver with self-oscillating circuit is presented. The self-oscillating half-bridge series resonant inverter is adopted in this LED driver and the circuit characteristics of LED with high frequency pulse driving voltage is also discussed. LED module is connected with full bridge diode rectifier but without low pass filter and this LED module is driven with high frequency pulse. In additional, the self- oscillating resonant circuit with saturable core is used to achieve zero voltage switching and to control the LED current. The LED equivalent circuit of resonant circuit and the operating principle of the self-oscillating half-bridge inverter are discussed in detail. Finally, an 18 W high frequency pulse LED driver is implemented to verify the feasibility. Experimental results show that the circuit efficiency is over 86.5% when input voltage operating within AC 110 ± 10 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> and the maximum circuit efficiency is up to 89.2%.
Synthesis of Monoazo Disperse Dyes from 5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐(3′, 5′‐disubstituted) <i>s</i>‐Triazinylpyrazoles and a Study of Their Visible Absorption and Dyeing Properties* (1986)

A range of azo disperse dyes was prepared from new coupling components, 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐(3′, 5′‐disubstituted) s‐triazinylpyrazoles. The new dyes have improved spectral absorption properties over the corresponding 5‐aminophenylpyrazole dyes. The visible spectral and colouristic properties of the 5‐amino‐1 H‐(s‐triazinyljpyrazole and 5‐pyrazolone dyes have been compared with the 5‐amino‐1N‐phenylpyrazole and 5‐pyrazolone dyes.
Piezoelectric aluminum nitride nanoelectromechanical actuators (2009)

This letter reports the implementation of ultrathin (100 nm) aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric layers for the fabrication of vertically deflecting nanoactuators. The films exhibit an average piezoelectric coefficient (d31∼−1.9 pC/N), which is comparable to its microscale counterpart. This allows vertical deflections as large as 40 nm from 18 μm long and 350 nm thick multilayer cantilever bimorph beams with 2 V actuation. Furthermore, in-plane stress and stress gradients have been simultaneously controlled. The films exhibit leakage currents lower than 2 nA/cm2 at 1 V, and have an average relative dielectric constant of approximately 9.2 (as in thicker films). These material characteristics and actuation results make the AlN nanofilms ideal candidates for the realization of nanoelectromechanical switches for low power logic applications.
Atomic broadcast in asynchronous crash-recovery distributed systems and its use in quorum-based replication (2003)

Atomic broadcast is a fundamental problem of distributed systems: It states that messages must be delivered in the same order to their destination processes. This paper describes a solution to this problem in asynchronous distributed systems in which processes can crash and recover. A consensus-based solution to atomic broadcast problem has been designed by Chandra and Toueg for asynchronous distributed systems where crashed processes do not recover. We extend this approach: it transforms any consensus protocol suited to the crash-recovery model into an atomic broadcast protocol suited to the same model. We show that atomic broadcast can be implemented requiring few additional log operations in excess of those required by the consensus. The paper also discusses how additional log operations can improve the protocol in terms of faster recovery and better throughput. To illustrate the use of the protocol, the paper also describes a solution to the replica management problem in asynchronous distributed systems in which processes can crash and recover. The proposed technique makes a bridge between established results on weighted voting and recent results on the consensus problem.
Rate-compatible punctured DVB-S2 LDPC codes for DVB-SH applications (2009)

In this paper, we present and analyze three padding and puncturing schemes for DVB-S2 low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, in order to obtain coding rates equivalent to DVB-SH specification (2/3, 1/2, 2/5, 1/3, 2/7, 1/4, 2/9 and 1/5). We compare the performance of punctured DVB-S2 LDPC codes against the 3GPP2 turbo codes. Simulation results for bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER) show that the proposed coding schemes exhibit 0.5 dB to 0.75 dB penalty loss compared to 3GPP2 codes. The codes with random and deliberate puncturing show nearly the same performance in AWGN channel, while the optimal puncturing shows 0.2 dB better performance.
Analysis of Business Models and Market Players for Local Wireless Internet Access (2007)

Internet access now changes from mainly being a service consumed in own and fixed locations to be a service used at any location. The main topic in this paper is to address what kind of market actor that will be the most important for the provisioning of these public Internet access services. The research questions and methodology are related to business roles, market actors, customer relations, payment options and business mechanisms. The analysis is based on interviews with market actors within and outside the telecom sector that are candidates to take one or several business roles for access provisioning. The main finding of the analysis is that public local access provisioning to a large extent differs from the traditional operator business Actors from outside the telecom sector start to enter telecom business and the main driver is to support the non-telecom core business. The access is often provided based on temporary or short term customer relations.