gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural characteristics and wind resistant design of low-profile cable-reinforced air-supported structures (1985)

In general, air-supported structures are designed primarily against wind load which causes the greatest stresses in the environmental condition.Furthermore, the wind pressure distribution is variable and extremely complex in contrast to the load caused by internal pressure or dead load.This paper deals with following wind resistant characteristics of low-profile cablereinforced air-supported structure.1) The structural characteristics based on results of wind-load loading tests and periodically forced vibration tests by using a large-scale model.2) Wind pressure distribution of the roof measured in the field-test and the wind tunnel tests.3) The analytical determination methods of wind load and dynamic deformation of the roof.
Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of 1,3-Diketones (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of 1,3-DiketonesJames M. Sprague and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 12, 2669–2675Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01327a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01327a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of yellow luminescence in GaN (1995)

We investigated the pressure behavior of yellow luminescence in bulk crystals and epitaxial layers of GaN. This photoluminescence band exhibits a blueshift of 30±2 meV/GPa for pressures up to about 20 GPa. For higher pressure we observe the saturation of the position of this luminescence. Both effects are consistent with the mechanism of yellow luminescence caused by electron recombination between the shallow donor (or conduction band) and a deep gap state of donor or acceptor character.
Automated Synthesis of Optimized Circuits for Secure Computation (2015)

In the recent years, secure computation has been the subject of intensive research, emerging from theory to practice. In order to make secure computation usable by non-experts, Fairplay (USENIX Security 2004) initiated a line of research in compilers that allow to automatically generate circuits from high-level descriptions of the functionality that is to be computed securely. Most recently, TinyGarble (IEEE S&P 2015) demonstrated that it is natural to use existing hardware synthesis tools for this task. In this work, we present how to use industrial-grade hardware synthesis tools to generate circuits that are not only optimized for size, but also for depth. These are required for secure computation protocols with non-constant round complexity. We compare a large variety of circuits generated by our toolchain with hand-optimized circuits and show reduction of depth by up to 14%.
A cis-acting DNA signal for encapsidation of simian virus 40 (1992)

Encapsidation of simian virus 40 is a complex biological process involving DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions in the formation of a unique three-dimensional structure around the viral minichromosome. A pseudoviral system developed in our laboratory, in which the viral early and late gene products are supplied in trans (by helpers), was used to analyze the encapsidation process independent of viral gene expression. With this experimental system we have discovered a requirement for a specific DNA signal for encapsidation, ses (for simian virus 40 encapsidation signal).ses is present within a 200-bp DNA fragment, which includes, in addition to the viral origin of replication (ori), six GGGCGG repeats (GC boxes) and 26 bp of the enhancer element. Deletion of the GC boxes and the enhancer sequences almost abolished encapsidation, while DNA replication was only moderately decreased. The ability to encapsidate was not regained by reinserting a DNA fragment carrying ses in the sesdeleted plasmid 2 kbp away from the ori, suggesting that for encapsidation the two DNA elements have to be close to each other. These findings afford novel strategies for the investigation of viral encapsidation.
Bacterial persistence and expression of disease (1997)

A considerable body of experimental and clinical evidence supports the concept that difficult-to-culture and dormant bacteria are involved in latency of infection and that these persistent bacteria may be pathogenic. This review includes details on the diverse forms and functions of individual bacteria and attempts to make this information relevant to the care of patients. A series of experimental studies involving host-bacterium interactions illustrates the probability that most bacteria exposed to a deleterious host environment can assume a form quite different from that of a free-living bacterium. A hypothesis is offered for a kind of reproductive cycle of morphologically aberrant bacteria as a means to relate their diverse tissue forms to each other. Data on the basic biology of persistent bacteria are correlated with expression of disease and particularly the mechanisms of both latency and chronicity that typify certain infections. For example, in certain streptococcal and nocardial infections, it has been clearly established that wall-defective forms can be induced in a suitable host. These organisms can survive and persist in a latent state within the host, and they can cause pathologic responses compatible with disease. A series of cases illustrating idiopathic conditions in which cryptic bacteria have been implicated in the expression of disease is presented. These conditions include nephritis, rheumatic fever, aphthous stomatitis, idiopathic hematuria, Crohn's disease, and mycobacterial infections. By utilizing PCR, previously nonculturable bacilli have been identified in patients with Whipple's disease and bacillary angiomatosis. Koch's postulates may have to be redefined in terms of molecular data when dormant and nonculturable bacteria are implicated as causative agents of mysterious diseases.
A model of insulin fibrils derived from the x-ray crystal structure of a monomeric insulin (despentapeptide insulin) (1997)

The crystal structure of despentapeptide insulin, a monomeric insulin, has been refined at 1.3 A spacing and subsequently used to predict and model the organization in the insulin fibril. The model makes use of the contacts in the densely packed despentapeptide insulin crystal, and takes into account other experimental evidence, including binding studies with Congo red. The dimensions of this model fibril correspond well with those measured experimentally, and the monomer-monomer contacts within the fibril are in accordance with the known physical chemistry of insulin fibrils. Using this model, it may be possible to predict mutations in insulin that might alleviate problems associated with fibril formation during insulin therapy.
Microbial degradation of aromatics and saturates in Prudhoe Bay crude oil as determined by glass capillary gas chromatography (1981)

Water samples obtained from three different marine environments (including a commercial harbor, a pristine area, and an oil tanker dock area) from the coast of Washington State were challenged with Prudhoe Bay crude oil under shake-flask conditions at 8 degrees C. Replicate cultures were grown with and without nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+) and phosphate supplementation. After varying incubation periods, the residual oil was extracted and separated on silica gel columns into saturate aromatic fractions and these were analyzed by glass capillary gas chromatography to detect the degradation of various compounds. After 27 days of incubation, both the aromatic and saturate fractions were extensively degraded by the microorganisms from these environments when supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus. Without nutrient supplementation, the aromatics were more readily attacked than the saturates by the populations from the pristine environment and from the commercial harbor area. Under these limited nutrient conditions, samples from near oil tanker docks showed moderate degradation of both the saturate and aromatic fractions. Time course studies, using nutrient-supplemented marine samples, showed that the simple aromatics (e.g., naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene) were more readily degraded than the n-alkanes. However, once the breakdown of these saturates commenced, these were quickly removed from the oil. The aromatic degradation continued to progress from lower molecular weight, less complex molecules to larger, more complex molecules in the approximate series C2 naphthalenes; phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene; C3 naphthalenes and methylphenathrenes; C2 phenanthrenes.
Combination of On-Chip Field Amplification and Bovine Serum Albumin Sweeping for Ultrasensitive Detection of Green Fluorescent Protein (2009)

We report a highly effective on-chip preconcentration method by combining field-amplified sample injection (FASI) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) sweeping for ultrasensitive detection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) on a simple cross-channel microchip device. With the formation of a stagnant sample/running buffer boundary by balancing the hydrodynamic flow and the electro-osmotic flow (EOF), GFP molecules can be continuously injected into the sample loading channel and stacked. We have also demonstrated that BSA is a very effective pseudo-stationary phase for sweeping concentration of proteins in comparison to the commonly used micelles. The combination of FASI and BSA sweeping yields a concentration factor of 3570 and a limit of detection of 8.4 pM for GFP. Using this method, we have separated GFP and GFP-insulin-like growth factor-I (GFP-IGF-I) fusion protein. The entire assay (GFP concentration, matrix elimination, and electrophoretic separation) can be completed within <5 min. Furthermore, we have successfully applied this method for the detection of GFP expression of E. coli cells and the GFP content in single E. coli cells.
Retrovirus p30‐related antigen in human syncytiotrophoblasts and IgG antibodies in cord‐blood sera (1981)

Sensitive immunological techniques were used to detect retrovirus markers in human pregnancy. A total of 1,540 human cord-blood sera were tested for retrovirus-reactive IgG antibodies using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay and purified RD 114 virus as antigen. Of these, 118 (7.7%) sera were positive. Blocking assays with specific animal anti-p30 sera, use of control antigen, and electrophoretic protein experiments combined with immunological detection indicated that the human antibodies reacted specifically with the p30 protein. The occurrence of antibodies in cord-blood serum had a highly significant correlation to complications during pregnancy and also correlated to the number of previous abortions and stillbirths. When goat anti-RD 114 p30 serum was used in the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase tissue staining procedure, p30-related antigen was detected in sections of all placental specimens (early and term pregnancies, blighted ova, hydatidiform moles, destructive moles and choriocarcinomas). However, in each case only syncytiotrophoblastic cells were positive. These findings, supplemented with different types of blocking tests, lead us to conclude that retrovirus p30-related antigen is selectively expressed in the highly differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, which in the normal placenta are directly exposed to maternal blood. It is suggested that retrovirus-reactive antibodies may represent an autoimmune-like immune response to the p30-related syncytiotrophoblast antigen escaping during cellular damage.
An Initial Investigation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Real-Time Organ Status Measurement for Transporting Human Organs (2018)

Organ transportation has yet to be substantially innovated. If organs could be moved by drone, instead of ill-timed commercial aircraft or expensive charter flights, lifesaving organs could be transplanted more quickly. A modified, six-rotor UAS was used to model situations relevant to organ transportation. To monitor the organ, we developed novel technologies that provided the real-time organ status using a wireless biosensor combined with an organ global positioning system. Fourteen drone organ missions were performed. Temperatures remained stable and low (2.5 °C). Pressure changes (0.37-0.86 kPa) correlated with increased altitude. Drone travel was associated with less vibration (<0.5 G) than was observed with fixed-wing flight (>2.0 G). Peak velocity was 67.6 km/h (42 m/h). Biopsies of the kidney taken prior to and after organ shipment revealed no damage resulting from drone travel. The longest flight was 3.0 miles, modeling an organ flight between two inner city hospitals. Organ transportation may be an ideal use-case for drones. With the development of faster, larger drones, long-distance drone organ shipment may result in substantially reduced cold ischemia times, subsequently improved organ quality, and thousands of lives saved.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanate Nanotube for Hydrogen Storage Using Hydrothermal Method with Various Alkaline Treatment (2008)

Titanate nanotubes and nanofibers were synthesized by hydrothermal method using various alkaline solutions (NaOH and KOH) in order to study the effect of synthesis condition for hydrogen storage. The microstructures of titanate nanotube and nanofibers were characterized by XRD, TEM, FE-SEM. It was found that interlayer spacing of titanate nanotubes and nanofibers depended on the alkaline solution, because some of the Ti-O-Ti bonds were broken and layered titanate nanosheet of Ti-O-A (Na+ and K+) bonds were formed. The sorption of hydrogen of the titanate nanotubes and nanofibers were studied by the conventional volumetric pressure-composition isothermal method at RT, 30 atm. The relationships between interlayer spacing, ionic radius of alkaline solution and hydrogen capacity have been discussed.
Robust discriminative wire structure modeling with application to stent enhancement in fluoroscopy (2011)

Learning-based methods have been widely used in detecting landmarks or anatomical structures in various medical imaging applications. The performance of discriminative learning techniques has been demonstrated superior to traditional low-level filtering in robustness and scalability. Nevertheless, some structures and patterns are more difficult to be defined by such methods and complicated and ad-hoc methods still need to be used, e.g. a non-rigid and highly deformable wire structure. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to train classifiers to detect the markers and guide wire segment anchored by markers. The classifier utilizes the markers as the end point and parameterizes the wire in-between them. The probabilities of the markers and the wire are integrated in a Bayesian framework. As a result, both the marker and the wire detection are improved by such a unified approach. Promising results are demonstrated by quantitative evaluation on 263 fluoroscopic sequences with 12495 frames. Our training scheme can further be generalized to localize longer guidewire with higher degrees of parameterization.
Low tunnel magnetoresistance dependence versus bias voltage in double barrier magnetic tunnel junction (2003)

We report on the magnetic and transport properties of [IrMn8/CoFe1.5]/AlOx1.2/[CoFe1/NiFe5/CoFe1]/AlOx1.2/[CoFe1.5/IrMn8] (nanometer) double magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJs) deposited by magnetron sputtering and patterned using optical lithography. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) versus the bias voltage presents a symmetric characteristic, which indicates a good and similar quality of both AlOx barriers. The junctions show a resistance-area product about 35 kΩ μm2, a high TMR at room temperature of 49.5%, and a high bias voltage at which the TMR signal is decreased to half of its maximum value, V1/2DMTJ=1.33 V. Both hard magnetic layers are rigid in negative field up to 51.5 kA/m, while the coercive field of the soft layer is around 1.1 kA/m. The large difference of coercive fields, combined with the large TMR and V1/2, makes these systems very promising for spin electronic devices.
Viral Hepatitis B: Established and Emerging Therapies (2008)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a variable course leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HBV infection are strictly dependent on both viral factors, such as life cycle and genotypic variants, and host immune response (i.e. viral persistence). Although therapy of hepatitis B is evolving, which between single and/or combined agents are most effective, how long therapy should last, which criteria should be used to start or continue and switch or stop therapy are to be defined. Two major groups of therapies are currently utilized for chronic hepatitis: immunomodulatory (interferons) and antivirals (nucleoside and nucleotide analogues), all with their own advantages and limitations. In fact, the development of specific antiviral therapies has provoked the appearance of a relevant problem: drug resistances. The emerged antiviral drug-resistant strains of HBV leads to a poor prognosis for infected patients. Thus, many basic and clinical research challenges remain in defining optimal means of management of viral hepatitis B and its related liver diseases. This paper provides a review of new available and developing treatment options for HBV associated liver diseases. In the near future the most realistic therapeutic option for the majority of patients with HBV infection will be combination and/or long-term use of new and stronger antiviral drugs, if they maintain good safety profiles, achieve low resistance rates and will be available at lower prices.
Fentanyl attenuates porcine coronary arterial contraction through M3-muscarinic antagonism. (1993)

The "antimuscarinic effect" of fentanyl and its dependence on subtypes of receptors were characterized in isolated porcine coronary arteries. Left anterior descending coronary arteries were dissected from the hearts of 60 adult pigs obtained at a slaughterhouse and prepared for isometric tension studies. The effects of fentanyl on the cumulative concentration-response curve for acetylcholine were obtained in the presence and absence of muscarinic blockade by atropine. Fentanyl shifted the concentration-response curve to the right in a concentration-dependent fashion. Atropine shifted the concentration-response curve to the right, and no further shift was caused by fentanyl. To investigate the dependence on muscarinic receptor subtypes, the effect of fentanyl on acetylcholine-induced contraction was examined in the presence of specific M1-, M2-, and M3-muscarinic antagonists. The pA2 values for fentanyl decreased significantly in the presence of atropine (a nonspecific antagonist) and also in the presence of p-F-HHSiD (an M3-antagonist). In contrast, no significant change of pA2 value for fentanyl was observed in the presence of both pirenzepine (an M1-antagonist) and methoctramine (an M2-antagonist). We conclude that fentanyl has an antimuscarinic effect, and that this antagonism occurs in a competitive manner. Furthermore, the significant decrease of the pA2 value for fentanyl in the presence of M3-, but not in the presence of M1 + M2-antagonists, suggests that the attenuation of cholinergic contraction of porcine coronary arteries by fentanyl is mediated through the M3-muscarinic receptor subtype.
Síndrome confusional ag udo en pacientes de edad avanzada con fractura de fémur (2015)

El sindrome confusional agudo (SCA) representa una de las grandes complicaciones de la patologia del anciano ingresado, cuya incidencia y prevalencia aumenta con la edad, siendo habitual cuando se han superado los 80 anos Este sindrome se produce entre un 50-70% de los enfermos que permanecen ingresados, principalmente durante los primeros dias posteriores al ingreso. En torno a un 80-90% de las personas con demencia senil previa o alzheimer [1,6], muestra algun sintoma de tipo conductual que se agrava con un ingreso
prolongado [2] . Se trata de una alteracion delnivel de conciencia que se acompana de trastornos cognitivos producidos en un breve espacio de tiempo, que va desde pocas
horas tras la hospitalizacion a dias, y que tiende a ser fluctuante. De etiologia multifactorial, se caracteriza por alteraciones de la conciencia, atencion, percepcion, pensamiento y memoria, asi como de la conducta psicomotriz, hasta alcanzar cambios emocionales y repercusiones en el ciclo sueno-vigilia [3] . El entorno nada familiar del hospital, revierte en
estos pacientes en un sindrome confusion al, determinado por miedo, ansiedad, depresio
n, trastornos del sueno y en ultima instancia, por desorientacion y agitacion.
Macropinocytosis Fuels Prostate Cancer (2018)

<b> Kim and colleagues identify necrotic debris as a macropinocytic cargo in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells, which is catabolized to generate the nutrients and biomass necessary to support tumor cell growth and metabolism in nutrient-limiting conditions. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(7); 800-2. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>See related article by Kim et al., p. 866</i>.</b>
Complete statistical indexing of text by overlapping word fragments (1983)

By using overlapping word fragments to index text, we can combine the best features of the keyword and the full text approaches to document retrieval so as to facilitate searches on any content word. The characteristics of a retrieval system based on word fragment indexing can be precisely predicted from a multinomial model of text. Controlled experiments with two different text collections indicate that such a system can be highly effective under quite general conditions.
Cemented Tungsten Carbides: Production, Properties and Testing (1999)

Introduction * Crystal Structure and Phase Equilibria * Production of Metal and Carbide Powders * Consolidation of Cemented Carbides * Sintering Behavior of Cemented Carbides * Microstructural Aspects of Cemented Carbides * Mechanical Behavior of Cemented Carbides * Magnetic Properties * Wear and Erosion of Cemented Carbides * Thermal Shock Resistance * Corrosion and Oxidization * Joining of Cemented Carbides * Testing and Quality Control * Classification and Applications * Coatings * Fire Grained and Functionally Graded Cemented Carbides * Reclamation of Cemented Carbides * Toxicity in Cemented Carbide Production.