gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Risk of X‐Ray Examinations of the Lungs in Neonates (1991)

X-ray examinations of the lungs is an important element in the evaluation of the neonates and their respiratory function. It is often necessary to perform a large number of X-ray examinations depending upon the infant's birthweight, gestational age and respiratory problems. To estimate the risk of X-ray examinations of the lungs the radiation dose to 18 infants at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hvidovre Hospital, was measured by means of a thermoluminescent dosimeter placed on the nipple of the infant. The radiation dose to various organs was estimated and the risk weighted whole body radiation dose calculated to 40 microsievert per examination (AP- and lateral). Using the latest increased risk factors this means an excess cancer mortality of 5 x 10(-5) for boys and 11 x 10(-5) for girls per millisievert, corresponding to 25 X-ray examinations (AP- and lateral) of the lungs. It is concluded, that even using the latest increased risk factors, the radiation risk of repeated X-ray examinations of the chest in prematures will be very low considering the benefit for the infant.
Confirmation of protoplast fusion-derived linkages in Staphylococcus aureus by transformation with protoplast DNA (1983)

Transformation provided definitive evidence for linkage between tyrB282::Tn551 ermB321 and omega (Chr::Tn551)34, and thus between the separate large linkage groups containing these markers, in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325. Transformation also defined the chromosomal loci for the purC193::Tn551 and omega (Chr::Tn551)42 markers and the linkage of a tetracycline resistance marker (tet-3490) with a fusidic acid resistance marker (fus-149). The use of DNA isolated from protoplasts under conditions that reduced hydrodynamic shear greatly facilitated the demonstration of most of these linkages. These results provide direct evidence confirming several of the linkages predicted by a microcomputer-assisted protoplast fusion analysis in a previous study (M. L. Stahl and P. A. Pattee, J. Bacteriol. 154:395-405, 1983); those markers whose predicted linkages were not confirmed by transformation are probably separated by chromosomal distances that exceed the limits of detection by transformation, even with protoplast DNA.
The Structure and Function of Claudins, Cell Adhesion Molecules at Tight Junctions (2000)

Tight junctions (TJs) play a pivotal role in compartmentalization in multicellular organisms by sealing the paracellular pathway in epithelial and endothelial cell sheets. Recently, novel integral membrane proteins, claudins, have been identified as major cell adhesion molecules working at TJs. Claudins comprise a multigene family, and each member of approximately 23 kDa bears four transmembrane domains. To date, 15 members of this gene family have been identified. When expression vectors of each species of claudins were transfected into fibroblasts lacking endogenous claudins or TJs, well-developed TJs were observed between adjacent transfectants. Furthermore, claudins were shown to be directly involved in the barrier function of TJs by experiments using Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Now that claudins have been identified, the structure and functions of TJs should be determined in detail in molecular terms.
An effective mechanism for index update in structured documents (1999)

Indexing and retrieval of structured documents have been drawing attention increasingly since they enable to retrieve and access a certain part of a document easily. So far, several methods have been proposed in the setting that documents are rarely changed. These can be applied for the books or journals possessed in libraries, but hardly work for the documents that are subject to change frequently in the business domain. This paper aims at enabling incremental update of indices whenever parts of documents are changed. For this, it employs the index-organized table that has been developed for the full-text retrieval in Oracle. It creates several index-organized tables that are essential in implementing the Bottom Up Scheme strategy, which has been developed for manipulating structured documents efficiently.Along with an experiment, the technique presented here does not add much index overhead to the original one taken to the index organized table. In addition, the updates of indices are performed quickly as soon as parts of documents are changed.
Player profile management on NFC Smart Card for Multiplayer Ubiquitous Games (2015)

One of the goals of mixed reality and ubiquitous comput-ing technologies is to provide an adaptable and personal content at any moment, anywhere and in any context. In Multiplayer Ubiquitous Games (MUGs), players have to in-teract in the real world at both physical and virtual levels. Player profiles in MUGs offer an opportunity to provide per-sonalized services to gamers. This paper presents a way to manage MUG player profiles on a NFC Smart Card, and proposes a Java API to integrate Smart Cards in the devel-opment of MUGs. This user centric approach brings new forms of gameplay, allowing the player to interact with the game or with other players any time and anywhere. Smart Cards should also help improve the security, ubiquity and the user mobility in traditional MUGs. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Controlled growth factor delivery induces differential neurite outgrowth in three-dimensional cell cultures (1993)

Long-term, localized delivery of growth factors may help regenerate lost structure and function in diseased or traumatized tissues. In previous reports, we have described techniques for releasing precisely controlled quantities of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) from a poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) matrix. To further study the dynamics and bioactivity of NGF released from a polymer matrix, we cultured PC 12 cells within hydrated gels of type I collagen and embedded a polymer matrix containing NGF in one end of the gel. Spatial variations in neurite outgrowth and NGF concentration were determined for 2 weeks. For comparison, the rate of NGF release from the polymer matrix into buffered saline was also determined. NGF released from a biocompatible polymer matrix induced neurite outgrowth in cells cultured within a three-dimensional gel of collagen. NGF was transported through the collagen gel by diffusion through the gel and convection due to fluid movement into the overlying, well-mixed fluid layer. The extent of neurite outgrowth from the cell clumps at any position in the gel depended on both the time following polymer insertion and distance from the polymer. Neurite outgrowth was most dense within the 15-mm region nearest the polymer, although biologically active NGF did penetrate as far as 38 mm. These techniques may be useful in evaluating the role of controlled release polymers in growth factor delivery to tissues. In addition, this experimental system can be used to quantify the response of tissue-derived cells to well-defined gradients of biologically active factors.
Treatment of Shivering After Epidural Lidocaine (1989)

The effectiveness of intravenous meperidine and warm local anesthetic for prevention of postanesthetic shivering was evaluated in urology patients undergoing epidural blockade for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. When administered before the blockade, meperidine, 12.5 mg or 25 mg, was not significantly better than saline placebo for preventing postepidural shivering. Changes in the concentrations of catecholamines or lidocaine did not result in differences between patients who shivered and those who did not shiver. In a second experiment, patients receiving body-temperature or room-temperature epidural lidocaine did not differ with respect to the incidence of postanesthetic shivering, onset of sensory blockade, or core temperature during a 30-minute observation period. The authors concluded that neither meperidine, in doses employed, nor body-temperature lidocaine prevents shivering after epidural blockade. This shivering appears to be different from that observed during emergence from general anesthesia.
Eubacterium contortum (Prevot) comb. nov.: Emendation of Description and Designation of the Type Strain (1971)

A type strain for Catenabacterium contortum Prévot has heretofore not been established. Prévot's strain 113 VI [ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 25540; VPI (Virginia Polytechnic Institute) 0119], one of the two strains upon which the original description of this organism was based, possesses characteristics which closely agree not only with those given in the original description of C. contortum by Prévot, but also with those in the description of this organism as emended by the present authors. This strain is here designated as the type strain. The characteristics of C. contortum indicate that this organism properly belongs in the genus Eubacterium Prévot, to which genus it is transferred as Eubacterium contortum (Prévot) comb. nov.
Lecithine – Gewinnung, Eigenschaften und Bedeutung für die industrielle Anwendung (1992)

Lecithine werden als typische Fettbegleitstoffe entweder als Nebenprodukte der Pflanzenölproduktion oder auch gezielt z. B. aus Eigelb gewonnen. Es sind komplexe Gemische unterschiedlicher polarer Lipide (Phospho- und Glycolipide), die gemäß einer EG-einheitlichen Definition noch bis zu 40% Neutrallipide (Triglyceride) enthalten dürfen. Aufgrund der amphiphilen Molekülstruktur der Lecithininhaltsstoffe sind die Produkte hervorragende Emulgatoren und Liposomenbildner, die sich in einer Vielzahl von Nahrungsmitteln, aber auch kosmetischen und pharmazeutischen Produkten seit Jahrzehnten bewährt haben. Nicht vergessen werden sollte die diätetisch-therapeutische Bedeutung von Lecithinpräparaten – allen voran die inzwischen auf breiter Basis akzeptierte lipidsenkende Eigenschaft. Lecithins-Produktion, Properties and Importance of Industrial Applications Lecithins being typical fat accompanying substances are gained as byproducts during production of vegetable oils or they are especially produced from eg yolk. They are complex mixtures of different polar lipids (phospho- and glycolipids), which may contain up to 40% neutral lipids (triglycerides) according to EG regulations. Due to the amphiphilic molecular structure of the lecithin components, these products are excellent emulsifiers and liposome forming substances, which have been applied successfully since years in a variety of food products as well as in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Another important aspect of lecithin is its dietetic-therapeutical effect. Mainly the lipid reducing properties have been accepted by a wide range of consumers.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-1H-indole Carboxamide Derivatives as Na+/H+ Exchanger Inhibitors. (1999)

A series of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-indole carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory potencies against the Na+/H+ exchanger were measured. Variation of the carbonylguanidine group at the 2- to 7-position of the indole ring system showed that a substitution at the 2-position improved the Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitory activity the most in vitro. This led to the synthesis and evaluation of an extensive series of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives. Derivatives having an alkyl or substituted alkyl group at the 1-position of the indole ring system showed higher levels of in vitro activities. N-(aminoiminomethyl)- 1-(2-phenylethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (49) had the strongest activity.
Joubert syndrome: A review (1992)

We review 72 previously reported and 29 new patients with the possible diagnosis of Joubert syndrome. We define diagnostic criteria for this syndrome and present the data available in 94 patients that fulfill our criteria. We present the data regarding the clinical, neuroradiological, and ophthalmological manifestations and the prognosis of these 94 patients. We propose a classification of the patients with this diagnosis in 2 groups: those with retinal dystrophy and those without. Retinal dystrophy runs true in families and was never absent when renal cysts were reported.
Active optics null test system based on a liquid crystal programmable spatial light modulator (2010)

We present an active null test system adapted to test lenses and wavefronts with complex shapes and strong local deformations. This system provides greater flexibility than conventional static null tests that match only a precisely positioned, individual wavefront. The system is based on a cylindrical Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, a commercial liquid crystal programmable phase modulator (PPM), which acts as the active null corrector, enabling the compensation of large strokes with high fidelity in a single iteration, and a spatial filter to remove unmodulated light when steep phase changes are compensated. We have evaluated the PPM’s phase response at 635 nm and checked its performance by measuring its capability to generate different amounts of defocus aberration, finding root mean squared errors below λ/18 for spherical wavefronts with peak-to-valley heights of up to 78.7λ, which stands as the limit from which diffractive artifacts created by the PPM have been found to be critical under no spatial filtering. Results of a null test for a complex lens (an ophthalmic customized progressive addition lens) are presented and discussed.
Crystallised mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>(A)–VO<sub>2</sub>(M/R) nanocomposite films with self-cleaning and excellent thermochromic properties (2014)

A “two-step” method was developed for the preparation of crystallised TiO<sub>2</sub>(A)–VO<sub>2</sub>(M/R) nanocomposite mesoporous films with self-cleaning properties and excellent thermochromic performance.
A Novel RF-Curing Technology for Microelectronics and Optoelectronics Packaging (2006)

A novel open waveguide cavity resonator for the combined variable frequency microwave (VFM) curing of bumps, underfills and encapsulants, as well as the alignment of devices for fast flip-chip assembly, direct chip attach (DCA) or wafer-scale level packaging (WSLP) is presented. This invention achieves radio frequency (RF) curing of adhesives used in microelectronics, optoelectronics and medical devices with potential simultaneous micron-scale alignment accuracy and bonding of devices using VFM technology. The open oven cavity can be fitted directly onto a flip-chip or wafer scale bonder and, as such, will allow for the bonding of devices through localised heating thus reducing the risk to thermally sensitive devices
Interferon-induced proteins. Purification and characterization of a 15,000-dalton protein from human and bovine cells induced by interferon. (1984)

Human interferons induce a protein of 15,000 daltons in human and bovine cells. This protein is located in the cytoplasm in a soluble form and is induced by concentrations of interferon which induce the antiviral state. Messenger RNA prepared from interferon-treated human and bovine cells contains a mRNA which yields on translation in vitro a protein similar in size to the 15-kDa protein induced by interferon in vivo. The human protein has been purified to homogeneity from interferon-treated human cells by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A comparison of the peptides generated by V8 protease from the human and bovine 15-kDa proteins reveals that the two proteins are similar but not identical.
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MANAGEMENT RESPONSE TO HURRICANE ISABEL AT CAPE HATTERAS AND CAPE LOOKOUT NATIONAL SEASHORES (2004)

Prolactine was found to promote neurite extension in chick embryo dorsal root ganglia in vitro. This hormone was active at the concentration 10-50 ng/ml provided extensive neurite outgrowth in the bioassay, compared to the control. The liquor from patients with prolactinoma was also found to promote neurite extension. This fact may be used for prolactinoma diagnostics.
The Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2: A Key Molecule Linked both Type 2 Diabetes and Cancers? (2014)

Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that T2DM may be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linked these two diseases remains largely unknown. SHP2, a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by pro-oncogene PTPN11, has been reported involved in insulin resistance through PI3K/Akt/mOTR signaling and has also been considered to play a vital role in carcinogenesis via Ras/Erk pathways. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesize that SHP2 may present a key molecule linked both T2DM and cancers through both Ras/Erk and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. We believe that the comprehensive and detailed investigation of SHP2 may provide a new insight into the underlying molecular mechanism linked both T2DM and cancers, thereby facilitating the process to discover novel therapeutic targets to prevent and treat cancers.
Biochemical Discrimination of Hurler and Scheie Syndromes (1979)

1. Homogenates of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with α-l-iduronidase-deficiency disorders (Hurler and Scheie syndromes) were capable of hydrolysing iduronosyl anhydro-[l-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate although at considerably reduced rates compared with normal controls. 2. The Vmax. values of α-l-iduronidase from patients with Hurler or Scheie syndromes and from normal controls were 11, 12 and 833 pmol min−1 mg−1 of protein respectively; the corresponding apparent Km values were 656, 50 and 53 μmol/l respectively. The α-l-iduronidases from normal and Scheie fibroblast homogenates were shown to exhibit pH optima at 3·6 and 4·1 and were competitively inhibited by both chloride and sulphate ions: Hurler α-l-iduronidase activity exhibited one pH optimum at 3·8 and was also inhibited by chloride and to a lesser extent by sulphate ions. 3. The thermal stability of Hurler, Scheie and normal α-l-iduronidase activities at 55°C gave half-lives of approximately 1·0, 2·5 and 1·0 h respectively. 4. These biochemical findings clearly demonstrate enzyme differences for these two clinically distinct phenotypes and provide biochemical evidence that the Hurler and Scheie syndromes result from different allelic mutations.
Validation of Anatomical Models to Study Aerosol Deposition in Human Nasal Cavities (2013)

In conclusion, nasal models can be used to predict aerosol deposition produced by nebulizers, but their performance depends on their design.
The asymmetric synthesis of phosphorus- and sulfur-containing tricarbonyl(η6-arene)chromium complexes using the chiral base approach (1999)

The use of a simple chiral lithium amide base 2 enables the asymmetric transformation of tricarbonyl[η6-(diphenylphosphinoyl)benzene]chromium(0) 12 into the corresponding ortho-silylated complex in up to 86% ee. A tin derivative was prepared similarly and was then used to prepare other derivatives via reduction to the corresponding phosphine, followed by transmetallation–electrophilic quench. In the case of tricarbonyl(η6-1,3-dihydroisobenzothiophene)chromium(0) the chiral base 2 was ineffective, and it was necessary to use a bis-lithium amide base 9 to effect asymmetric substitution in high ee (up to 95%). Decomplexation gave the corresponding chiral sulfides in highly enantiomerically enriched form. In all cases the absolute stereochemistry of the products was derived by conducting X-ray structure determinations on selected examples.
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) epigenetic plasticity and interconversion between differentiated non-GSCs and GSCs (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer initiating cells (CICs) maintain self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties of various tumors, as well as the cellular heterogeneity consisting of several subpopulations within tumors. CSCs display the malignant phenotype, self-renewal ability, altered genomic stability, specific epigenetic signature, and most of the time can be phenotyped by cell surface markers (e.g., CD133, CD24, and CD44). Numerous studies support the concept that non-stem cancer cells (non-CSCs) are sensitive to cancer therapy while CSCs are relatively resistant to treatment. In glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), there is clonal heterogeneity at the genetic level with distinct tumorigenic potential, and defined GSC marker expression resulting from clonal evolution which is likely to influence disease progression and response to treatment. Another level of complexity in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors is the dynamic equilibrium between GSCs and differentiated non-GSCs, and the potential for non-GSCs to revert (dedifferentiate) to GSCs due to epigenetic alteration which confers phenotypic plasticity to the tumor cell population. Moreover, exposure of the differentiated GBM cells to therapeutic doses of temozolomide (TMZ) or ionizing radiation (IR) increases the GSC pool both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This review describes various subtypes of GBM, discusses the evolution of CSC models and epigenetic plasticity, as well as interconversion between GSCs and differentiated non-GSCs, and offers strategies to potentially eliminate GSCs.
Fos expression in the midbrain periaqueductal grey after trigeminovascular stimulation (2001)

There is an accumulating body of evidence suggesting that the periaqueductal grey (PAG) is involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies in humans have shown that the caudal ventrolateral midbrain, encompassing the ventrolateral PAG, has activations during migraine attacks. The PAG may well be involved not only through the descending modulation of nociceptive afferent information, but also by its ascending projections to the pain processing centres of the thalamus. In this study the intranuclear oncogene protein Fos was used to mark cell activation in the PAG following stimulation of the trigeminally-innervated superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in both cats and in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina). Fos expression in the PAG increased following stimulation to a median of 242 cells (interquartile range 236-272) in the cat and 155 cells (range 104-203) in the monkey, compared with control levels of 35 cells (21-50) and 26 cells (18-33), respectively. Activation was predominantly in the ventrolateral area of the caudal PAG suggesting that the PAG is involved following trigeminally-evoked craniovascular pain.
The Disaster Business (2007)

Scénario Catastrophe . Christian Delécraz, Laurie Durussel, and Alessia Fondrini, curators . Musée d'Ethnographie, Genève, Switzerland, through 6 January 2008. www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/ethg/expo06_uk.php Scénario Catastrophe . Christian Delécraz and Laurie Durussel, Eds. . Infolio, Gollion, Switzerland, 2007. 352 pp, Paper. CHF 16, €11. ISBN 9780521858915. The curators draw on a huge variety of objects, videos, and recordings to illuminate how human cultures deal with catastrophes such as hurricanes, genocide, and epidemics.