gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkali Recovery from Pulp Liquors<sup>1</sup> By a Chemical Engineering Process (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkali Recovery from Pulp Liquors1 By a Chemical Engineering ProcessC. L. WagnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1930, 22, 2, 122–127Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50242a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50242a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thinking Fast and Slow with Deep Learning and Tree Search (2017)

Sequential decision making problems, such as structured prediction, robotic control, and game playing, require a combination of planning policies and generalisation of those plans. In this paper, we present Expert Iteration (ExIt), a novel reinforcement learning algorithm which decomposes the problem into separate planning and generalisation tasks. Planning new policies is performed by tree search, while a deep neural network generalises those plans. Subsequently, tree search is improved by using the neural network policy to guide search, increasing the strength of new plans. In contrast, standard deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms rely on a neural network not only to generalise plans, but to discover them too. We show that ExIt outperforms REINFORCE for training a neural network to play the board game Hex, and our final tree search agent, trained tabula rasa, defeats MoHex 1.0, the most recent Olympiad Champion player to be publicly released.
On the vulnerabilities and protection of OSPF routing protocol (2002)

This paper analyzes both the strong points and weak points of the OSPF routing protocol from the security perspective. On its strong points, we abstract its features of information least dependency and information hiding, which make it very robust and fault resilient, even when facing certain malicious attacks. On its weak points, we take a pragmatic look at various problems centering round secure routing protocols. By carefully investigating a special re-routing attacking case, we show how a home-made malicious router can easily disrupt the service. It also provides a concrete example for routing protection and intrusion detection. Finally, we present the active protection idea and its architectural flexibility and compatibility advantages.
Nitrate determination in natural waters by spectral photometry with a miniaturized fiber-coupled flow cell (2004)

For in situ monitoring of natural waters in respect of impurities miniaturized spectral analytical systems become more and more important. A case in point are nitrate impurities, which can be detected by absorption spectroscopy in the ultra violet (uv) spectral range between 200 and 350 nm. Using uv-transmitting optical fibers, a microoptical flow cell, a miniature polychromator and a deuterium light source, a miniaturized spectral photometer for nitrate detection has been developed. The spectral photometer is a key component in an automatic analyzer for in situ measurements in natural waters. To separate the nitrate absorption from the superposition of other uv-absorbing contaminations, for instance nitrite, carbonate and huminic acids, a multi-component analysis (MCA) software has been applied to the detected absorption spectra. The analyzer is suited for the permanent monitoring of nitrate, nitrite and carbonate in inland waters.
Low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes myogenesis through PERK/ATF4 pathway (2017)

In conclusion, this experiment reveals that rat uMDSCs can be isolated successfully and can form myotubes in vitro. PERK/ATF4 pathway was involved in myotube formation, and L6 rat myoblast cells were activated by Li-ESWT to form myotubes. These findings suggest that PERK/ATF4 pathway is activated by Li-ESWT. This study elucidates one of the biochemical pathways responsible for the clinical improvements seen after Li-ESWT. It is possible that this information will help to establish Li-ESWT as an acceptable treatment modality and may help to further refine the use of Li-ESWT in the clinical practice of medicine.
A trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon in the myelodysplastic syndromes: I. Clinical results. (1987)

Interferon has been reported to have differentiation promoting effects in certain model systems. Because of this and other potentially beneficial effects, a trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon was undertaken in myelodysplastic syndromes. The study population consisted of 14 patients, subclassified as two refractory anemia (RA), one RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS), nine RA with excess blasts (RAEB), and two chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). The planned dosage schedule was 2.0 MU/M2 t.i.w. sc x 2 weeks q 4 weeks for at least two cycles. No patient achieved the prospective remission criteria, which included sustained blood count improvements. Transient improvements of platelet counts of greater than 50% in baseline were noted in six patients, and a transient antileukemic effect was noted in one patient with CMMoL. Myelodysplastic syndrome patients were found to be sensitive to the count suppressing effects of alpha 2 interferon with greater than 25% suppression of granulocytes, platelets, or reticulocytes transiently noted in 11 patients and decreasing bone marrow cellularity noted in two while on treatment. Because of these effects, dosage adjustments were frequently instituted in the RA, RARS, and RAEB patients. The average dosages and durations of treatment received were thus 1.48 MU/M2 x 19.4 injections for patients with RA, RARS, and RAEB and 2.25 MU/M2 x 27 injections for the CMMoL patients. Progression to acute myeloid leukemia or RAEB in transformation was noted in five patients, and increasing leukocytosis was noted in one CMMoL patient while on protocol. It cannot be determined at this time whether these transformations were accelerated by alpha 2 interferon or represent selection bias in this study population. Although some evidence of beneficial effects was noted, alpha 2 interferon in this dosage and schedule is not a useful treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes.
Stratigraphic coordinate system (2011)

Seismic image flattening plays an important role in both interpretation and processing of seismic data. We introduce a new algorithm for seismic image flattening. The algorithm transfers seismic data to a new coordinate system and consists of two steps. First, local slopes of seismic events are estimated by plane‐wave‐destruction , then information is spread along the seismic data and horizons are picked by predictive painting algorithm. These picked horizons can be considered as level sets of the first axes of the new coordinate system. Next, an upwind finite‐difference scheme is used to find the other axes which are perpendicular to the first axis by solving the relevant gradient equation. This method may find different applications in interpretation, velocity analysis, and seismic imaging. We demonstrate the performance of our method using synthetic and real data examples.
Limonene, a Citrus Extract, for Control of Mealybugs and Scale Insects (2005)

In a series of bioassays with mealybugs, aqueous solutions of 1% limonene were tested that used from 0.50 to 1.50% all purpose spray adjuvant (APSA)-80 as an emulsifier/surfactant. The two ingredients were added to water or to 0.1% Silwet L-77, an agricultural surfactant. Using 1% limonene, 0.75% APSA-80 and 0.1% Silwet L-77, a semitransparent mixture (primarily a microemulsion) was obtained that was safe for most plants and provided good control of mealybugs when sprayed or used in 1-min dips. Used at half strength, this mixture controlled > or =99% of whiteflies, whereas the full-strength mixture controlled from 69 to 100% of mealybugs and scales, including > or =93% control of root mealybugs. In side-by-side greenhouse tests, this mixture was superior to a 2% solution of insecticidal soap or a 2% solution of horticultural spray oil. Mortality of green scales on potted gardenia plants averaged 95, 89, and 88% on plants sprayed with limonene, insecticidal soap, or horticultural oil, respectively. In a related test, these same sprays killed 44.1, 22.7, or 12.5% of third and fourth instar clustering mealybugs, respectively. Limonene has promise as a safe, natural pesticide for insect pests on tolerant plants. Although 1% limonene solutions damaged certain species of ferns, gingers and delicate flowers, they caused no damage to ornamentals with thick, waxy leaves, such as palms, cycads, and orchids.
A JAVA TOOL FOR COLLABORATIVE EDITING OVER THE INTERNET (1998)

We present a distributed Java application that allows several people, possibly at different locations, to edit the same file at the same time while exchanging comments on the changes they are making to the file. While still being a prototype, our application provides a vivid demonstration of the benefits of collaborative editing. 1. INTRODUCTION Computing networks have changed the way many of us work because they allow us to access remote data all over the world and provide a fast convenient way to communicate with people living and working far away from us. It is not unusual today to find people located in different states or different countries working together on the same report. Whoever has been involved in such an endeavor has noticed the lack of good software tools for collaborative editing. As a result, too many co-authors settle for a routine where they take turns editing their joint document while exchanging comments through telephone or electronic mail. What is lost in the ...
A combined analysis of outcome following breast cancer: differences in survival based on BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status and administration of adjuvant treatment (2003)

BRCA1 mutations, but not BRCA2 mutations, are associated with reduced survival in Ashkenazi women undergoing breast-conserving treatment for invasive breast cancer, but the poor prognosis associated with germline BRCA1 mutations is mitigated by adjuvant chemotherapy. The risk for metachronous ipsilateral disease does not appear to be increased for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, at least up to 10 years of follow up.
Pheochromocytomas: Imaging with 2-[Fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-glucose PET (1999)

Most pheochromocytomas accumulate FDG. Uptake is found in a greater percentage of malignant than benign pheochromocytomas. FDG PET is especially useful in defining the distribution of those pheochromocytomas that fail to concentrate MIBG.
Box and match techniques applied to soft-decision decoding (2003)

We improve the ordered statistics decoding by using matching techniques. This allows us: to reduce the decoding complexity by an exponential factor; to achieve near optimal decoding at a cost at most cubic in the code length for rate-1/2 codes of lengths tip to 128; to achieve near optimal decoding of a rate-1/2 code of length 192.
Succinate transport in Rhizobium leguminosarum (1981)

The transport of succinate was studied in an effective streptomycin-resistant strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum. High levels of succinate transport occurred when cells were grown on succinate, fumarate, or malate, whereas low activity was found when cells were grown on glucose, sucrose, arabinose, or pyruvate as the sole carbon source. Because of the rapid metabolism of succinate after transport into the cells, a succinate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant was isolated in which intracellular succinate accumulated to over 400 times the external concentration. Succinate transport was completely abolished in the presence of metabolic uncouplers but was relatively insensitive to sodium arsenate. Succinate transport was a saturable function of the succinate concentration, and the apparent Km and Vmax values for transport were determined in both the parent and the succinate dehydrogenase mutant. Malate and fumarate competitively inhibited succinate transport, whereas citrate and malonate had no effect. Succinate transport mutants were isolated by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. These mutants were unable to transport succinate or malate and were unable to grow on succinate, malate, or fumarate as the sole carbon source. The mutants grew normally on pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate, or arabinose, and revertants isolated on succinate minimal medium had regained the ability to grow on malate and fumarate. From these data, we conclude that R. leguminosarum possesses a C4-dicarboxylic acid transport system which is inducible and mediates the active transport of succinate, fumarate, and malate into the cell.
Laparoscopic Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Results of a Multicenter Trial (1995)

Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy is an effective method to correct an inguinal hernia. It can be offered safely to patients undergoing other abdominal procedures. The TAPP, IPOM, and EXTRA procedures appear to be equally effective. A controlled randomized trial is needed to compare this procedure with conventional inguinal herniorrhaphy.
An algorithm for model fusion for distributed learning (2018)

In this paper, we discuss the problem of distributed learning for coalition operations. We consider a scenario where different coalition forces are running learning systems independently but want to merge the insights obtained from all the learning systems to share knowledge and use a single model combining all of their individual models. We consider the challenges involved in such fusion of models, and propose an algorithm that can find the right fused model in an efficient manner.
One gene encodes the heavy chains for three different forms of IgY in the duck. (1994)

IgY, the major Ab of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos), exists in two secreted forms and a transmembrane (TM) form. To investigate the genetic relationships of the multiple IgY we cloned the gene encoding the IgY (upsilon) heavy chains. The heavy chain of the smaller (5.7S) IgY, which lacks the third and fourth constant domains, results from the use of a unique terminal exon found in the intron between the second and third C region exons. Alternate pre-mRNA processing pathways also produce a full-length upsilon-chain and a TM form, each having four C region domains. Although the number of secretory exons and the inferred positions of intramolecular disulfide bonds indicate structural similarity between IgY and IgE, the TM exons of duck IgY share high sequence identity and a similar pattern of RNA processing with those of IgG. These results suggest that IgG and IgE may have diverged from an ancestral molecule resembling IgY.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control With Foliar Sprays, 1995 (1996)

Abstract Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Six treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished spray per acre (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On a weekly basis, egg masses, small larvae (1-2 instar), large larvae (3-4instar) and adult beetles were counted, and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. On 5 Jul a pre-count of all Colorado potato beetle (CPB) life stages was taken and all treatment applications were made. A second application of both Spinosad rates was made on 12 Jul. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Transvaginal ultrasonography in first trimester of pregnancy and its comparison with transabdominal ultrasonography (2011)

In the study of 46 normal intrauterine pregnancies, TVS showed additional information in 36 patients (78.3%) as compared to TAS, in detection of gestation sac, yolk sac, double bleb sign, or better visualization of embryonic anatomy. In the abnormal pregnancy (n=17), TVS provided more information in 11 cases (64.9%), which included detection of embryonic demise, yolk sac, double bleb sign, or subchorionic hemorrhage. Regarding ectopic gestations (n=7), TVS gave additional information in 5 cases (71.4%) which included detection of ectopic fetal pole, yolk sac, decidual cast, adnexal mass, and fluid in cul de sac. In two cases, both TAS and TVS gave equal information. However, in 2 cases TAS demonstrated the extent of intraabdominal fluid better than TVS. The other advantages of TVS over TAS are that there is no need for the patient to have uncomfortably full bladder and time is saved from having to wait for bladder to fill. Thus, the potential preoperative patient can be kept fasting. TVS is also superior in obese patients, in patients with retroverted uterus and it also bypasses obstacles such as bone, gas filled bowel, and extensive pelvic adhesions. The limitations encountered with TVS were limited manoveuribility of probe and because of the unorthodox position and angle of the transducer, correct orientation was difficult initially.
Three-dimensional motion analysis of the voluntary elbow movement in subjects with spasticity (1997)

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the difference in voluntary upper extremity movements between subjects with and without spasticity. Eight normal subjects (mean 26.7 +/- 2.8 years, four males and four females) and seven subjects with spasticity (mean 25.9 +/- 4.3 years, three males and four females) were involved in this study. The subjects sat in an adjustable chair and performed two voluntary tasks involving the elbow joint. Task A was to move the hand between two touch-plates which were mounted 28 cm apart on the surface of the table. Task B was to flex and extend the elbow joint in the sagittal plane with the forearm in neutral position. Reflective markers were attached on the shoulder, the elbow and the wrist. A Peak5 video-based motion analysis system was used to record the positions of the markers in the three-dimensional (3-D) space during the movement tasks. A set of quantitative parameters were used to document the elbow movement. The results revealed that in comparison to normal subjects, subjects with spasticity exhibited a higher average jerk, a larger standard deviation of the coordinates of the markers along the movement path, a larger standard deviation of the angle between the plane of the elbow joint and the horizontal plane, and a longer 3-D path length. The characteristics of spastic elbow movement and the usage of quantitative parameters were discussed.
Supporting feature location and mining of software repositories on the Amazon EC2 (2013)

Software maintenance makes up the majority of a software project. For this reason, multiple tools have been developed to aid the developer in this process. Often times, such tools involve analyzing the entire source code or code repository before providing feedback. These tools are resource dependent and can be obtrusive and costly to the developer. In this paper, we introduce a system and methodology that leverages the Amazon EC2 to support two common types of tools.
Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation (2004)

Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation, published in 2004, presents a comprehensive introduction to the propagation of high-frequency body-waves in elastodynamics. The theory of seismic wave propagation in acoustic, elastic and anisotropic media is developed to allow seismic waves to be modelled in complex, realistic three-dimensional Earth models. This book provides a consistent and thorough development of modelling methods widely used in elastic wave propagation ranging from the whole Earth, through regional and crustal seismology, exploration seismics to borehole seismics, sonics and ultrasonics. Particular emphasis is placed on developing a consistent notation and approach throughout, which highlights similarities and allows more complicated methods and extensions to be developed without difficulty. This book is intended as a text for graduate courses in theoretical seismology, and as a reference for all academic and industrial seismologists using numerical modelling methods. Exercises and suggestions for further reading are included in each chapter.
The painful stump neuroma and its treatment. (1984)

Successful clinical management of symptomatic neuromas continues to present a challenge to the responsible surgeon. It is unexplained why some patients with neuromas are completely asymptomatic while others exhibit debilitating symptoms. Prevention of neuromas is paramount with precise attention to severed nerves following amputations and other surgical procedures. Once established, treatment of neuromas consists of careful patient counseling, local massage, and desensitization procedures. Sympathetic blockade with guanethidine may be beneficial in some patients. When necessary, surgical excision of the neuroma along with a combination of funiculectomy, epineurial sleeve suture ligation, and silicone capping offers the best chance for eradication. In intractable or recurrent cases and following careful patient selection, neuroma excision followed by nerve grafting combined with sympathetic blockade using guanethidine can be successful in a significant number of cases.
Customising chemotherapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: daily practice and perspectives (2011)

Treating patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a daunting task but during recent years new options have emerged. By tailoring treatment using either information on histological subtypes of NSCLC or biomarkers it is now possible to improve outcome and maintain stable quality of life. We conducted a literature search of tailored treatment already implemented in advanced NSCLC in order to highlight the information required to decide on the optimal oncological treatment for individual patients. 16 studies were identified by literature review. Significantly improved outcome was demonstrated in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC treated with cisplatin/pemetrexed in pre-planned, exploratory and retrospective analysis from large-scale, randomised trials. Level 1 evidence showed significantly better progression-free survival when patients carrying an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation were treated with gefitinib compared to standard chemotherapy. Retrospective, unplanned analysis of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and betatubulin III upregulation demonstrated poorer outcome in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-doublets and vinorelbine-based chemotherapy, respectively. In conclusion, tailoring treatment according to either histological subtype or EGFR mutation status in advanced NSCLC should today be part of daily practice based on current evidence. Future biomarkers need optimisation of methodology and prospective validation before clinical implementation.