gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-Based Model Predictive Control of Turbofan Engine Clearance (2006)

An innovative model predictive control strategy is developed for control of nonlinear aircraft propulsion systems and sub-systems.At the heart of the controller is a rate-based linear parameter-varying model that propagates the state derivatives across the prediction horizon, extending prediction fidelity to transient regimes where conventional models begin to lose validity.The new control law is applied to a demanding active clearance control application, where the objectives are to tightly regulate blade tip clearances and also anticipate and avoid detrimental blade-shroud rub occurrences by optimally maintaining a predefined minimum clearance.Simulation results verify that the rate-based controller is capable of satisfying the objectives during realistic flight scenarios where both a conventional Jacobian-based model predictive control law and an unconstrained linearquadratic optimal controller are incapable of doing so.The controller is evaluated using a variety of different actuators, illustrating the efficacy and versatility of the control approach.It is concluded that the new strategy has promise for this and other nonlinear aerospace applications that place high importance on the attainment of control objectives during transient regimes.
An Extended Operational Profile Model (2005)

Operational profiles are a quantification of usage patterns for a software application. These profiles are used to measure software reliability by testing the software in a manner that represents actual use. The current definition of an operational profile states that it is the set of operations available in the application, and the operations probabilities of occurrence in customer usage scenarios. This definition is too limited. In most industrial applications, focusing on operations alone does not offer adequate representation of the use of software. The limited definition of operational profiles can restrict their applicability and hence software reliability analysis for many software development organizations. This paper describes a formal and practical extension of the current definition of operational profiles to increase their applicability.
Equalized Time Reversal Beamforming for Indoor Wireless Communications (2014)

Time-reversal (TR) is a beamforming technique for frequency-selective channels, which has received increasing attention due to its high energy efficiency and low computational complexity for wireless communications. In this paper, we present two contributions on time-reversal (TR) wireless beamforming for single-user indoor wideband MISO systems. First, we provide novel analyses of a baseband TR system using two commonly used indoor propagation channel models. We derive closed-form approximations for the inter-symbol interference (ISI) with these channel models in order to characterize the influence of propagation conditions (such as the power-delay profile, delay spread, and bandwidth) on TR performance metrics. In particular, we analyze spatial focusing and time compression performance of TR beamforming, and their impact on the bit error rate (BER). As a second contribution, we introduce an equalized TR (ETR) technique that mitigates the ISI of conventional TR. The proposed ETR utilizes a zero-forcing pre-equalizer at the transmitter in a cascade configuration with the TR pre-filter. Unlike previous approaches to ISI mitigation in TR systems, we derive theoretical performance bounds for ETR and show that it greatly enhances the BER performance of conventional TR with minimal impact to its beamforming capabilities. By means of numerical simulations, we verify our closed-form approximations and show that the proposed ETR technique outperforms conventional TR with respect to the BER under any SNR.
Adaptive optics based on analog parallel stochastic optimization: analysis and experimental demonstration (2000)

Wave-front distortion compensation using direct system performance metric optimization is studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown how different requirements for wave-front control can be incorporated, and how information from different wave-front sensor types can be fused, within a generalized gradient descent optimization paradigm. In our experiments a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) system implementing a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation optimization algorithm was applied for real-time adaptive control of multielement wave-front correctors. The custom-chip controller is used in two adaptive laser beam focusing systems, one with a 127-element liquid-crystal phase modulator and the other with beam steering and 37-control channel micromachined deformable mirrors. The submillisecond response time of the micromachined deformable mirror and the parallel nature of the analog VLSI control architecture provide for high-speed adaptive compensation of dynamical phase aberrations of a laser beam under conditions of strong intensity scintillations. Experimental results demonstrate improvement of laser beam quality at the receiver plane in the spectral band up to 60 Hz.
Q. D. Leavis and Major Women Novelists (1988)

The idea of ‘the novel as dramatic poem’ also revolutionised Mrs Leavis’s approach, turning her from a theorist into a fully fledged critic of the novel. In the very next number of Scrutiny after that containing Leavis’s critique of Hard Times we find her distinguishing two traditions of the novel in the following terms: While the novels of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with few exceptions, were descended from Addison and Defoe, with some admixture of a debased stage comedy, there is quite another novel, created by Emily Brontë, Melville, Conrad, and Henry James, among others, which makes use of the technique of the dramatic poem…. To recognize in James’s novels and art of the same nature as , to see that they are in a tradition of mediaeval and Elizabethan drama transmitted through Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and Bunyan (and so Hawthorne), is to make their meaning accessible, as it never can be if they are approached on the assumption that they are the same kind of thing as the writings of Trollope and Thackeray. These words look forward to Mrs Leavis’s next considerable piece of writing and her first truly critical essay on the novel: her evaluation of Hawthorne as a dramatic poet. 2 I discuss this further in the appendix at the end of this study. Further, in almost every one of her critiques from here on she more or less directly applies the analogy ‘the novel as dramatic poem’: in her critical introductions to Mansfield Park, Jane Eyre, and Silas Marner, in her ‘fresh approach’ to Wuthering Heights, and in her chapters on David Copperfield, Bleak House and Great Expectations in Dickens the Novelist.
Identification of B-epitopes in the human papillomavirus 18 E7 open reading frame protein. (1990)

A panel of murine mAb raised against a MS2 replicase/HPV 18 E7 fusion protein included 23 reactive by ELISA with HPV 18 E7 determinants. A total of 19 of the 23 recognized linear epitopes in the N-terminal region of the E7 molecule, while the other four were deduced by binding inhibition assays to recognize conformational determinants in this region. All tested antibodies precipitated a 14-kDa peptide doublet that corresponded with the predicted size of the E7 protein, from HeLa cells, but not from HPV 16 E7 containing CaSki cells. HPV 18 E7 protein was detected by immunolabeling with electron microscopy in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of HeLa cells with the greater proportion occurring in the cytoplasm. No antibody reacted specifically by indirect immunofluorescence with HeLa cells. Weak cross-reactivity of some mAb with the E6 MS2-replicase fusion protein of HPV 16 was detected by ELISA, but no protein of the appropriate size was immunoprecipitated from CaSki cells. It is concluded that the B cell epitopes on the HPV 18 E7 transforming protein are located in the N-terminal region of the molecule and that some are weakly cross-reactive with HPV 16 E6 protein. E7 protein is either present in HeLa cells at a concentration too low to be detected by indirect immunofluorescence, or the N-terminal epitopes are masked by protein conformation or interaction with cellular or other viral components.
On Adaptive Transmission for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Data Networks (2004)

This paper investigates the problem of energy-efficient transmission of data packets in a wireless network by jointly adapting to backlog and channel condition. Specifically, we consider minimum-energy scheduling problems over multiple-access channels, broadcast channels, and channels with fading, when packets of all users need to be transmitted before a deadline T. Earlier work has considered a similar setup and demonstrated significant transmission energy saving by adapting to backlog for channels that are time invariant and when transmission is restricted to time-division. For concreteness, throughout the paper, rates and powers corresponding to optimal coding over discrete-time additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels are assumed. The results, however, hold for more general channels and coding schemes where the total transmitted power is convex in the transmission rates. The offline scheduling problems for all the channels considered are shown to reduce to convex optimization problems with linear constraints. An iterative algorithm, referred to as FlowRight, that finds optimal offline schedules is presented. A heuristic online algorithm that we call look-ahead water-filling, which jointly adapts to both channel fading state and backlog is described. By the use of a small buffer which introduces an almost fixed delay, this algorithm achieves a considerable reduction in energy relative to water filling solely on channel states.
Antimyosin-labeled monocrystalline iron oxide allows detection of myocardial infarct: MR antibody imaging. (1992)

The synthesis and in vivo antigen targeting of a novel iron oxide compound were studied. A monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle (MION) was synthesized that contains a small (mean diameter, 2.9 nm +/- 0.9) single crystal core, passes through capillary membranes, and exhibits superparamagnetism. The MION was attached to antimyosin Fab (R11D10) and used for immunospecific magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of cardiac infarcts One hour after intravenous administration of MION-R11D10 in rats (100 mumol/kg), a marked decrease in the signal intensity of infarcted myocardium was observed. Immunohistochemical correlation confirmed the specific binding of the immunoconjugate to infarcted, but not to normal, myocardium. No decrease in cardiac signal intensity was observed when unconjugated MION was administered intravenously. The results indicate the feasibility of immunospecific MR imaging in living organisms.
The 9th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWRAD 2005) (2006)

The ninth NEWRAD Conference was held in Davos, Switzerland, between 16 and 19 October 2005. The Conference was organized by the Physikalisch- Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC). The Conference was attended by 169 participants from five continents, which makes it the largest NEWRAD conference to date. The NEWRAD Conference followed the 10th international pyrheliometer comparison IPC-X, which is held every five years at PMOD/WRC. In addition, the 6th UVnet Workshop was held in connection with the NEWRAD Conference on 20 and 21 October.
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of titanium oxide and sulfated titanium oxide obtained by thermal hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride (2014)

This work reports the synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) and sulfated titanium oxide (TiO 2 -SO 4 2-) obtained by thermal hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. Titanium hydroxide synthesized by this method was impregnated with a 1 N H 2 SO 4 solution, to give amounts of sulfate ions (SO 4 2-) of 3 and 7 wt%. The synthesized samples were dried at 120 C during 24 h and then calcined for 3 h at 400 C. Thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration with n-butylamine, U.V.-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the materials. The results of physicochemical characterization revealed that a mixture of crystalline structures, anatase, brookite and rutile developed in the titanium oxide, stabilizing the anatase structure in the sulfated titanium oxides, and coexisting with a small amount of brookite structure. The synthesized mesoporous materials developed specific surface areas between 62 and 70 m 2 g -1 , without detecting an important influence of sulfation on this parameter. The presence of sulfate ions improved the acidity of titanium oxide and modified the characteristics of light absorption in the 425-600 nm region, which suggests the possibility of using these materials in reactions assisted by visible light.
Efficient Expression and Crystallization System of Cancer-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform IX (2015)

Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is overexpressed in a number of solid tumors and is considered to be a marker for cellular hypoxia that it is not produced in most normal tissues. CA IX contributes to the acidification of the extracellular matrix, which, in turn, favors tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, CA IX is considered to be a promising anti-cancer drug target. However, the ability to specifically target CA IX is challenging due to the fact that the human genome encodes 15 different carbonic anhydrase isoforms that have a high degree of homology. Furthermore, structure-based drug design of CA IX inhibitors so far has been largely unsuccessful due to technical difficulties regarding the expression and crystallization of the enzyme. Currently, only one baculovirus-produced CA IX structure in complex with a nonspecific CA inhibitor, acetazolamide, is available in Protein Data Bank. We have developed an efficient system for the production of the catalytic domain of CA IX in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The produced protein can be easily crystallized in the presence of inhibitors, as we have demonstrated for several 2-thiophene-sulfonamide compounds. We have also observed significant differences in the binding mode of chemically identical compounds to CA IX and CA II, which can be further exploited in the design of CA IX-specific inhibitors.
Emulating a Fully Actuated Aerial Vehicle Using Two Actuators (2018)

Micro air vehicles exemplified by quadrotors generate downward thrust in their body fixed frame and may only maneuver spatially by changing their orientation. As a result of this underactuation they are fundamentally incapable of simultaneously regulating orientation and position. Furthermore, their feasible maneuvers are limited to spatial trajectories with continuously differentiable acceleration. We present a coaxial helicopter which emulates full actuation over forces and torques (six degrees of freedom) using only two actuators. The orientation of the thrust vector from each rotor is governed by the drive motor by exciting a cyclic flapping response in special articulated blades. The useful separation of orientation and translation dynamics is demonstrated in flight experiments by tracking spatial trajectories while maintaining flat body attitude as well as tracking desired orientations near hover while station keeping.
Performance Evaluation of Key IMS Operations over IPv6-Capable 3G UMTS Networks (2010)

Due to the rapid development of high bit-rate IP-based mobile networking architectures, the increasing number of end-user terminals, and the emerging convergence of different communication services with the IP world, the IPv6 protocol and the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) are considered to be the key technologies towards the realization of next generation mobile and wireless telecommunications. Both IPv6 and IMS are widely covered in the literature as self-possessed researches and studies. However, the challenge of provisioning IPv6-based IMS services over 3rd Generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks as well as related problems and performance issues were not considered so far. In this work, we try to fill this gap and raise attention on some potentially significant aspects of the integration of 3G UMTS, IMS and IPv6. Our research in this context mainly concerns the questions and challenges of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 in all-IP 3G and beyond multimedia systems and their impacts on the performance of IMS services and applications. Different methods providing IPv6 support in existing mobile telecommunication architectures and the co-existence of IPv4/v6 during the first phases of the integration of the new Internet Protocol have substantial impact on the network and service/application performance. In order to quantify these effects, we designed and implemented a 3G UMTS testbed (including the IMS core) and compared the performance characteristics of three selected transition techniques with native IPv4 and IPv6 scenarios. Our results expose the main benefits and drawbacks of the five technologies and their actually available implementations.
Immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone with special regard to a common genetic variant (2001)

Immunoassays are widely used for measuring gonadotropins, including luteinizing hormone (LH), as these are both specific and sensitive. Because LH is microheterogeneous it has been claimed that the specificity of monoclonal antibodies used in two-site immunoassays can limit their clinical utility. Furthermore, we reported earlier a common genetic variant form of LH due to amino acid alterations in the LHbeta gene that is poorly or not recognized by antibodies directed against epitopes present in the intact molecule. We here report the result of an LH epitope mapping using 30 different monoclonal antibodies. The antigenic area affected by the amino acid alterations is fairly large, as antibodies to the two intact domains are able to sandwich each other. Combinations of alpha-beta or beta-beta antibodies generally provide alternatives for unbiased detection of circulating LH and some have reasonably good discrimination of human chorionic gonadotropin. The beta-beta combinations exhibit a peculiarity in urine determinations as they detect the urinary beta-core fragment. Our aims were to study the altered immunoreactivity caused by the amino acid changes and to design two-site LH assays fully capable of recognizing the biologically active LH variant. We also conclude that the variability in recognizing the universally occurring LH variant is the most important factor contributing to the widely documented LH immunoassay discrepancies.
Susceptibility gradient mapping (SGM): A new postprocessing method for positive contrast generation applied to superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (SPIO)‐labeled cells (2008)

Local susceptibility gradients result in a dephasing of the precessing magnetic moments and thus in a fast decay of the NMR signals. In particular, cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) induce hypointensities, making the in vivo detection of labeled cells from such a negative image contrast difficult. In this work, a new method is proposed to selectively turn this negative contrast into a positive contrast. The proposed method calculates the susceptibility gradient and visualizes it in a parametric map directly from a regular gradient-echo image dataset. The susceptibility gradient map is determined in a postprocessing step, requiring no dedicated pulse sequences or adaptation of the sequence before and during image acquisition. Phantom experiments demonstrated that local susceptibility differences can be quantified. In vivo experiments showed the feasibility of the method for tracking of SPIO-labeled cells. The method bears the potential also for usage in other applications, including the detection of contrast agents and interventional devices as well as metal implants.
Increased CDA Expression/Activity in Males Contributes to Decreased Cytidine Analog Half-Life and Likely Contributes to Worse Outcomes with 5-Azacytidine or Decitabine Therapy (2013)

Increased CDA expression/activity in males contributes to decreased cytidine analog half-life and likely contributes to worse outcomes with 5-azacytidine or decitabine therapy.
Preparation and Properties of Monodisperse SnO_2 Hollow Micro/Nano Spheres (2013)

Templating is one of the most important methods for preparation of inorganic hollow micro/nano spheres.We prepared monodisperse polystyrene(PS) microspheres having a diameter of 620 nm by the emulsion polymerization of styrene.Sulfonated polystyrene(PSS) microspheres were used as a template,through electrostatic adsorption of anions and cations,for modification with Sn2+ from SnSO4 precursor.The core-shell composite structures thereby produced through Sn2+ hydrolysis in an ethanolwater medium were calcined at high temperature to remove PSS and to obtain SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres.We investigated the effects of precursor concentration,amount of surfactant,reaction time,and templates choice.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared(IR) spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),H2 temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) measurement,and other technical probes were used to detect the structure and properties of the prepared SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres,and compared them with those of solid SnO2.BET and H2-TPR showed that the hollow SnO2 micro/nano spheres had improved specific surface area,surface oxygen vacancies,and oxidation activity.We inferred the growth mechanism of the core-shell structure from IR spectroscopy and XRD pattern and optimized the simple and reasonable synthesis procedure to obtain SnO2 hollow micro/nano spheres which had smooth surface,compact structure,and well controlled cladding thickness.
Minimizing retrieval latency for content cloud (2011)

Content cloud systems, e.g. CloudFront [1] and CloudBurst [2], in which content items are retrieved by end-users from the edge nodes of the cloud, are becoming increasingly popular. The retrieval latency in content clouds depends on content availability in the edge nodes, which in turn depends on the caching policy at the edge nodes. In case of local content unavailability (i.e., a cache miss), edge nodes resort to source selection strategies to retrieve the content items either vertically from the central server, or horizontally from other edge nodes. Consequently, managing the latency in content clouds needs to take into account several interrelated issues: asymmetric bandwidth and caching capacity for both source types as well as edge node heterogeneity in terms of caching policies and source selection strategies applied. In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing the retrieval latency considering both caching and retrieval capacity of the edge nodes and server simultaneously. We derive analytical models to evaluate the content retrieval latency under two source selection strategies, i.e., Random and Shortest-Queue, and three caching policies: selfish, collective, and a novel caching policy that we call the adaptive caching policy. Our analysis allows the quantification of the interrelated performance impacts of caching and retrieval capacity and the exploration of the corresponding design space. In particular, we show that the adaptive caching policy combined with Shortest-Queue selection scales well with various network configurations and adapts to the load changes in our simulation and analytical results.