gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of conventional ultrasonography and color flow-doppler sonography in predicting malignancy in 'cold' thyroid nodules (1998)

The aim of the present study was to establish the usefulness of conventional thyroid ultrasonography (US) and color flow-doppler (CFD) sonography in the assessment of 'cold' thyroid nodules. One hundred and four consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who were to undergo surgery were examined by US and CFD before thyroidectomy. Conventional US evaluated the presence of a halo sign, hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications. The vascular pattern on CFD was classified as follows: Type I, absence of blood flow; Type II, perinodular blood flow; Type III, marked intranodular blood flow. On histology, 30 nodules were diagnosed as malignant (carcinoma, CA) and 74 as benign nodules (BN). On US, the echographic pattern most predictive for malignancy was absent halo sign, which was found in 20/30 CA and in 17/72 BN (P = 0.0001; specificity 77.0%; sensitivity 66.6%). The most specific combination on US, absent halo sign/microcalcifications, was found in 8/30 CA and in 5/74 BN (P < 0.005; specificity 93.2%, sensitivity 26.6%). The Type III pattern on CFD was found in 20/30 CA and 38/74 BN (not statistically significant). The combination of absent halo sign on US with Type III pattern on CFD was found in 15/30 CA and in 8/74 BN (P < 0.0001; specificity 89.0%, sensitivity 50.0%). The combination of absent halo sign/microcalcifications on US with Type III pattern on CFD was the most specific combination of the two techniques, being found in 5/30 CA and in only 2/74 BN (P < 0.01; specificity 97.2%, sensitivity 16.6%). In conclusion, findings on US and CFD become highly predictive for malignancy only when multiple signs are simultaneously present in a thyroid nodule. Thus the predictive value of these techniques increases at the expense of their sensitivity. Only in a small proportion of patients with thyroid carcinoma is US and CFD information highly predictive of malignancy.
Analysis of Financial Payments Text Labels in the Dynamic Client Profile Construction (2020)

The banking transaction monitoring system implements decision support mechanisms for online payment control procedures for legal entities considering the dynamic risk profile of the client. The system includes a set of algorithms for the intellectual analysis of transaction parameters, including a text label for the purpose of payment, and decision support for an employee of the financial monitoring unit. The development of algorithms for analyzing textual labels for the purpose of payments allows us to clarify the dynamic payment profile of the user and increase the validity of the recommendations of the monitoring system. A block diagram of a system for identifying high-risk banking transactions based on data mining algorithms has been developed. Algorithms for data mining of textual labels of the payment purpose have been developed and the effectiveness of the proposed solution on field data has been evaluated. An algorithm is proposed for the phased analysis of the text label of the payment destination, including the stages of preprocessing, filtering, normalizing and constructing a classifier based on a set of regular expressions and intelligent analysis technologies. The difference between the algorithm is the use of adaptive category dictionaries and the multi-pass application of heterogeneous classifiers, which makes it possible to increase the validity of the decision on whether the transaction belongs to one of the selected classes.
On‐line single column capillary gas chromatographic analysis of all reactants and products in the synthesis of fuel methanol from hydrogen and oxides of carbon (1993)

Abstract The main problems with complete analysis of the components of fuel methanol, or in Fischer‐Tropsch studies, are the several classes of compound present in the sample (permanent gases, water, alcohols, hydrocarbons), its wide range of components, its boiling point range, and the wide range of component concentrations. A flexible on‐line GC method has been developed for kinetic study of catalyzed chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxides of carbon. The single capillary column, temperature programmed method was designed for complete analysis of reactants and products (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, C 1 ‐C 10 hydrocarbons, and C 1 ‐C 6 alcohols): a sample selection valve is used to switch between either the heated line used for input of the synthesis gases or the heated line used to transport reaction products from the reactor. Sample is introduced to the capillary column by means of a 10‐port heated gas sampling valve with two external injection loops (0.07 and 1.95 cm 3 ); this results in the determination of components over a wide range of concentrations in the sample (ppm to percentage levels). Helium from a pressure‐controlled supply is used as carrier gas and detection of the components is performed by serial connection of thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. Peak identification is performed by mass spectrometry and by comparison of component retention times. The automated analytical equipment is integrated with a process control computer and delivers repeatable analytical results for the individual components ( RSD s varying between 0.3 and 10% depending strongly on the concentration of the component and the accuracy of the determination of its peak area).
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II), Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Manganese(II) Complexes of Azido-1, 4-Bis(Imidazol-1-Yl-Methyl)Benzene (Bix) Or 1, 4-Bis(Imidazol-L-Yl-Methyl)-2, 5-Dimethyl-Benzene) (Mebix) (1999)

Abstract Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) complexes of azido-l, 4-bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)benzene (bix) or 1, 4-bis(imidazol-l-yl-methyl)-2.5-dimethyl-benzene) (Mebix) were synthesized by the spontaneous self-assembly method. The compounds [Cu2(bix)3(N3)4-2H2O. Ni2(bix)3(N3)46H2O. Co2(bix)3(N3)4·6H2O, Cu2(Mebix)3(N3)4·4H2O, Mn2(Mebix)3(N3)4·6H2O, Ni2(Mebix)3(N3)4·4H2O] were characterized by element analyses, infrared and electronic spectra. Cu2(bix)3(N3)4·2H2O was further characterized by ESR. It is suggested that all the complexes have ID structures, in which bix or Mebix functions as bridging ligand and N3' as terminal ligand. The coordination environment is distorted octahedral for each metal ion.
Substrate specificity of a carboxyl proteinase from Irpex lacteus. (1983)

Twocarboxyl proteinases with high milk-clotting activity secreted by a basidiomycete, Irpex lacteus, have been purified and characterized.1* The main enzyme, carboxyl proteinase B, has a molecular weight of 36,000, an amino acid composition similar to that of Endothia parasitica carboxyl proteinase, and has maximumproteolytic activity on hemoglobin at pH 3.0. The enzyme B exhibits almost the same ratio of milk-clotting activity to proteolytic activity as commercial rennet substitutes from Mucorpusillus and Mucormiehei. The enzymewas inhibited by carboxyl proteinase inhibitors such as pepstatin, diazoacetyl-D,L-norleucine methyl ester (DAN) and epoxy-/7-nitrophenoxypropane (EPNP). This fact indicates that enzyme B is similar to calf chymosin and microbial milk-clotting enzymesin their active site structure, having two different carboxyl groups. In this work, the site of cleavage towards the oxidized B-chain of insulin by the carboxyl proteinase B from Irpex lacteus was investigated. Purified carboxyl proteinase B from Irpex lacteus was prepared according to the methods described in the previous paper.1} The oxidized insulin B-chain used as the
Transformation of <i>Candida albicans</i> with a synthetic hygromycin B resistance gene (2010)

Synthetic genes that confer resistance to the antibiotic nourseothricin in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans are available, but genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics are not. We found that multiple C. albicans strains were inhibited by hygromycin B, so we designed a 1026 bp gene (CaHygB) that encodes Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase with C. albicans codons. CaHygB conferred hygromycin B resistance in C. albicans transformed with ars2-containing plasmids or single-copy integrating vectors. Since CaHygB did not confer nourseothricin resistance and since the nourseothricin resistance marker SAT-1 did not confer hygromycin B resistance, we reasoned that these two markers could be used for homologous gene disruptions in wild-type C. albicans. We used PCR to fuse CaHygB or SAT-1 to approximately 1 kb of 5' and 3' noncoding DNA from C. albicans ARG4, HIS1 and LEU2, and introduced the resulting amplicons into six wild-type C. albicans strains. Homologous targeting frequencies were approximately 50-70%, and disruption of ARG4, HIS1 and LEU2 alleles was verified by the respective transformants' inabilities to grow without arginine, histidine and leucine. CaHygB should be a useful tool for genetic manipulation of different C. albicans strains, including clinical isolates.
Recommendations for Future Avionics Hardware Development (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the typical development process for avionics hardware and how this relates to the systems and software processes. The decline in availability of military components and the consequential impact on equipment design, manufacturing and support is discussed. Some solutions to the problems arising are proposed.</div>
Time-lapse imaging of a dynamic phosphorylation-dependent protein–protein interaction in mammalian cells (2002)

The ability to make sensitive measurements of protein-protein interaction kinetics in single neurons is critical for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of neuronal function. We have developed a reporter technology based on the differential induction of Escherichia coli TEM-1 beta-lactamase (Bla) enzymatic activity that can function as a sensor of the interaction state of two target proteins within single neurons in vivo. To modulate Bla enzymatic activity, we first split the enzyme into two separate, complementary protein fragments that we identified by using a functional screening approach based on circular permutation of the Bla enzyme. The split enzyme was then brought together by the phosphorylation-dependent association of the kinase inducible domain of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the KIX domain of the CREB binding protein. Using an intracellular substrate whose fluorescence spectrum changes after hydrolysis by Bla, we performed time-lapse ratiometric imaging measurements of Bla enzymatic induction after association of the CREB and CREB binding protein interaction domains. This approach permits direct imaging of protein-protein interactions in single cells with high signal discrimination.
Two Plant–Viral Movement Proteins Traffic in the Endocytic Recycling Pathway (2004)

Many plant viruses exploit a conserved group of proteins known as the triple gene block (TGB) for cell-to-cell movement. Here, we investigated the interaction of two TGB proteins (TGB2 and TGB3) of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), with components of the secretory and endocytic pathways when expressed as N-terminal fusions to green fluorescent protein or monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP). Our studies revealed that fluorophore-labeled TGB2 and TGB3 showed an early association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and colocalized in motile granules that used the ER-actin network for intracellular movement. Both proteins increased the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata, and TGB3 accumulated at plasmodesmata in the absence of TGB2. TGB3 contains a putative Tyr-based sorting motif, mutations in which abolished ER localization and plasmodesmatal targeting. Later in the expression cycle, both fusion proteins were incorporated into vesicular structures. TGB2 associated with these structures on its own, but TGB3 could not be incorporated into the vesicles in the absence of TGB2. Moreover, in addition to localization to the ER and motile granules, mRFP-TGB3 was incorporated into vesicles when expressed in PMTV-infected epidermal cells, indicating recruitment by virus-expressed TGB2. The TGB fusion protein-containing vesicles were labeled with FM4-64, a marker for plasma membrane internalization and components of the endocytic pathway. TGB2 also colocalized in vesicles with Ara7, a Rab5 ortholog that marks the early endosome. Protein interaction analysis revealed that recombinant TGB2 interacted with a tobacco protein belonging to the highly conserved RME-8 family of J-domain chaperones, shown to be essential for endocytic trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Collectively, the data indicate the involvement of the endocytic pathway in viral intracellular movement, the implications of which are discussed.
Altered ganglioside expression by SH-SY5Y cells upon retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation (1994)

SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cells were used to study the effect of retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation on the expression of gangliosides and neuronal markers. In the presence of 10 microM RA, more than 70% of the cells differentiate to a neuronal phenotype within 8 days. They extend long neuritic processes and show an enhanced immuno-expression of neurone-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NF-M), and polysialic acid (PSA). SH-SY5Y cells were found to express at least 12 different gangliosides. RA-induced neuronal differentiation led to a decrease in the content of GM2, GD3, and GD2 and to a 3-7 fold increased concentration of the ganglio-tetraosyl gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GT1a, GD1b, and GT1b. Thus, RA-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells is accompanied by ganglioside changes similar to those observed during embryonic neuronal differentiation.
Antidiabetic Properties of Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein in ob/ob Mice (2009)

Zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine associated with fat loss in cancer cachexia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of recombinant human ZAG to attenuate type 2 diabetes in the ob/ob mouse model. ZAG (50 microg daily, iv) induced a progressive loss of body weight (3.5 g in 5 d), without an effect on food or water intake but with a 0.4 C rise in body temperature, suggesting an increased energy expenditure. Despite an increased plasma glycerol, indicative of increased lipolysis, levels of glucose, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids were decreased by 17, 25, and 62%, respectively, due to an increased use of both glucose and lipids by muscle and brown adipose tissue. The weight of the latter increased 2-fold, and there was increased expression of uncoupling proteins-1 and -3. Plasma insulin levels were reduced by 36%, whereas pancreatic insulin was increased 4-fold, and there was a 53% decrease in the total area under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test and reduced insulin requirement. There was an increase in skeletal muscle mass due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation. These results suggest that ZAG may potentially be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diet and medication for heart protection in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. New concepts. (2000)

Experimental and clinical studies suggest that anti-platelet agents may have pro-arrhythmic effects and increase the risk of SCD. Warfarin should be thus preferred for patients at high risk of SCD (those with severe left ventricular dysfunction) and in its secondary prevention. Data from secondary prevention trials with statins have revealed differences in their specific effect on the end-point SCD. Simvastatin was significantly protective, whereas pravastatin was ineffective in both CARE and LIPID. The implication of this fact in the clinical practice might be substantial. Lastly, the most effective means of reducing the risk of SCD (apart from the prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator) appears to be dietary prevention in the light of animal experiments, epidemiological studies and four randomised trials showing that (n-3) fatty acids are extremely effective to prevent ischemic ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. However, in the two trials that assessed the actual effect of (n-3) fatty acids in the absence of other dietary changes, non-sudden cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction were not reduced, suggesting that dietary changes in secondary prevention should be more global and not restricted to a single class of nutrient. Adoption of a dietary pattern, for instance a Mediterranean type of diet, seems to be the best way.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in hyperoxic lung injury by regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways (2019)

Activation of ACE2 can reduce the severity of hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. ACE2 can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and activate the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism.
Novel cell types isolated from the skin of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (1993)

Cells were isolated from the skin of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by collagenase digestion and were observed using light and electron microscopy. Four novel cell types were identified and are described herein.
eStadium: The Mobile Wireless Football Experience (2008)

It has become clear that the original mobile Web model of people using their portable devices to surf normal Web- pages must be refocused on the creation of applications that are tailored for the mobile experience. The eStadium project is our attempt at creating such an application. It provides live "infotainment" such as real-time statistics, instant replay videos, and venue information to Purdue football fans via a public mobile Web application and an on- demand video delivery system. In this paper, we discuss the design, implementation, and operation of the eStadium system and the lessons learned from five years of serving real sports fans.
Gamma irradiation of fluorocarbon polymers (1961)

Several fluorocarbon polymers were irradiated with Co<sup>60</sup> gamma radiation at doses up to 10<sup>22</sup> ev/g. The polymers studied included polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with hexafluoropropylene, and several rubbery vinylidene fluoride copolymers. <i>G</i>-values were measured for volatile products, for free radicals detected by electron spin resonance, and, in the case of polychlorotrifluoroethylene, for scissions. The course of degradation or crosslinking was followed by zero-strength-time and tensile-strength measurements. It was found that for polytetrafluoroethylene and its hexafluoropropylene copolymer the presence of air-accelerated scission drastically. The mechanism of the radiation-induced changes is discussed in terms of free-radical intermediates.
A novel strategy for selection of allosteric ribozymes yields RiboReporterTM sensors for caffeine and aspartame (2004)

We have utilized in vitro selection technology to develop allosteric ribozyme sensors that are specific for the small molecule analytes caffeine or aspartame. Caffeine- or aspartame-responsive ribozymes were converted into fluorescence-based RiboReporter trade mark sensor systems that were able to detect caffeine or aspartame in solution over a concentration range from 0.5 to 5 mM. With read-times as short as 5 min, these caffeine- or aspartame-dependent ribozymes function as highly specific and facile molecular sensors. Interestingly, successful isolation of allosteric ribozymes for the analytes described here was enabled by a novel selection strategy that incorporated elements of both modular design and activity-based selection methods typically used for generation of catalytic nucleic acids.
The use of PEGylated liposomes in the development of drug delivery applications for the treatment of hemophilia (2010)

Hemophilia A is a rare X-linked bleeding disorder caused by lack or dysfunction of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Hemophilia A is treated with replacement therapy, but frequent injections of the missing FVIII often lead to the formation of inhibitory antibodies. Patients who develop high levels of inhibitors must be treated with bypassing agents such as activated FVII (FVIIa). Both FVIII and FVIIa have short half-lives and require multiple injections. Long-acting forms of these proteins would therefore reduce the frequency of injections, improve patient compliance and reduce complications. In this article we present a new platform technology that produces long-acting forms of FVIII and FVIIa and improves the efficacy of hemophilia treatment. This technology is based on the binding of proteins/peptides to the outer surface of PEGylated liposomes (PEGLip). Binding is dependent on an amino acid consensus sequence within the proteins and is highly specific. At the same time, binding is non-covalent and does not require any modification of the therapeutic agent or its production process. Association of proteins with PEGLip results in substantial enhancements in their pharmacodynamic properties following administration. These improvements seem to arise from the association of formulated proteins with platelets prior to induction of coagulation.
Generative geometric design (1994)

Boundary solid grammars use design rules that express complex geometric conditions and operations using a logical reasoning mechanism, allowing one to construct powerful rules and describe appropriate grammars for the generation of solid models for a variety of design domains. The formalism I present in this article is not sufficient for all engineering and architectural domains (e.g., polyhedral solids are not adequate geometric abstractions for mechanical design). The boundary solid grammar formalism is, however, well suited to extensions for the representation of nonlinear geometry and mixed-dimensional modeling. Design in these domains will require additional representations, such as electrical and hydraulic schematics, structural and aerodynamic meshes, kinematics, and assemblies. These representations and their analysis techniques will need to be integrated into a common framework to permit interdependent design analysis and generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of NRF2‐mediated gene expression by dietary phytochemical flavones apigenin and luteolin (2015)

Apigenin (API) and luteolin (LUT) have been used as therapeutic agents in folk medicine for thousands of years. These compounds exert a variety of biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. This study investigated whether API and LUT could activate Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated gene expression and induce antiinflammatory activities in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The compounds did not exhibit any substantial toxicity at low doses (1.56-6.25 µm). The induction of ARE activity was assessed in HepG2-C8 cells after treatment with low doses of API and LUT for 6 and 12 h. It was found that the induction of ARE activity by these compounds at the higher doses was comparable to the effects of the positive control, SFN at a dose of 6.25 µm. Exposure to the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished ARE activation by both API and LUT, whereas the ERK-1/2 inhibitor PD98059 only decreased ARE activity induced by API. Both compounds significantly increased the endogenous mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2 target genes with important effects on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. API and LUT significantly and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which were induced by the treatment of HepG2 cells with 1 µg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The results indicate that API and LUT significantly activate the PI3K/Nrf2/ARE system, and this activation may be responsible for their antiinflammatory effects, as demonstrated by the suppression of LPS-induced NO, iNOS and cPLA2.