gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Computing Architecture for Mobile Crowdsensing (2018)

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a human-driven Internet of Things service empowering citizens to observe the phenomena of individual, community, or even societal value by sharing sensor data about their environment while on the move. Typical MCS service implementations utilize cloud-based centralized architectures, which consume a lot of computational resources and generate significant network traffic, both in mobile networks and toward cloud-based MCS services. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a natural choice to distribute MCS solutions by moving computation to network edge, since an MEC-based architecture enables significant performance improvements due to the partitioning of problem space based on location, where real-time data processing and aggregation is performed close to data sources. This in turn reduces the associated traffic in mobile core and will facilitate MCS deployments of massive scale. This paper proposes an edge computing architecture adequate for massive scale MCS services by placing key MCS features within the reference MEC architecture. In addition to improved performance, the proposed architecture decreases privacy threats and permits citizens to control the flow of contributed sensor data. It is adequate for both data analytics and real-time MCS scenarios, in line with the 5G vision to integrate a huge number of devices and enable innovative applications requiring low network latency. Our analysis of service overhead introduced by distributed architecture and service reconfiguration at network edge performed on real user traces shows that this overhead is controllable and small compared with the aforementioned benefits. When enhanced by interoperability concepts, the proposed architecture creates an environment for the establishment of an MCS marketplace for bartering and trading of both raw sensor data and aggregated/processed information.
Controlling Volume Shrinkage in Soft Lithography through Heat-Induced Cross-Linking of Patterned Nanofibers (2011)

When poly(isopropylidene diallylmalonate) rich in threo-disyndiotactic sequences (st(rich)-2) was utilized as a cross-linkable ink for microcontact printing, the resultant submicrometer-scale patterns featuring 700 and 300 nm wide stripes were successfully insolubilized while maintaining their high dimensional integrity by heat-induced cross-linking with elimination of CO(2) and acetone. In sharp contrast, although the thermal properties and reactivities of a polymer rich in threo-diisotactic sequences (it(rich)-2) and a polymer having low stereoregularity (2(low)) are little different from those of st(rich)-2, the patterns printed with these reference polymers collapsed considerably upon heating as a result of a volume shrinkage effect. The striking difference between st(rich)-2 and the other two polymers most likely arises from the nanofiber-forming character of st(rich)-2, where the printed stripes are porous and much less affected by the volume shrinkage of individual nanofibers.
Erbium-Doped Integrated Optical Amplifiers and Lasers in Lithium Niobate (1992)

The excellent properties of Er-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers around λ = 1.55 µm stimulated the interest in Er-doped integrated optical waveguides. In particular, Er-doped integrated optical amplifiers and lasers in LiNbO3 will significantly increase the potential of this material. If a local (photolithographically defined) doping is possible, optical amplifiers, lasers, modulators and other active and passive devices can be monolithically integrated on the same chip. Furthermore, very attractive device concepts can be realized with Er-doped waveguides taking advantage of the excellent electrooptical (mode-locked laser) and acoustooptical (tunable laser) properties of LiNbO3.
Voice Conversion of Synthesized Speeches Using Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Voice conversion is the transform technique of the individuality between source and target speakers. In the previous studies, we proposed the voice conversion using synthesized speeches based on formant or line spectral information. The suggested method used the piecewise linear transform function of formant or LSP(line spectral pairs) features on formant intervals. In this paper, we propose the conversion of the individuality between speakers using a deep neural network. Along with improvements in deep neural network research, end-to-end speech conversion methods have been proposed and the results are suitable for generating more natural utterances compared to the past. Among them, we explore the representative speech generation methods and propose the voice conversion system to use formant features as additional information for local and global conditioned deep neural networks.
Stress and anxiety. (1990)

Anxiety is the psychophysiologic signal that the stress response has been initiated. The stress response's by-product, stress, is difficult to define. The response has multiple dimensions that have yielded research with many foci. Most salient to nursing are investigations of psychobiologic variables, the influence of life events, and the interactional model of the stress response. The stress response can be viewed as an interactional process that causes psychophysiologic reactions that are immediate and can occur up to and including physiologic events 3 weeks after confrontation with the stressor. The literature suggests that neuroendocrine alterations in response to confrontation with a stressor may influence immunocompetence. Intervention and prevention studies of stress focus on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, behavioral techniques, personality engineering, relaxation training, and biofeedback. Nursing research on stress has proliferated in the 1980s. Implications for nursing intervention include coping strategies that fall into four categories: behavioral, physical, cognitive, and emotional.
Parallel trellis Viterbi algorithm for sparse channels (1998)

The Viterbi algorithm (VA), which normally operates using a single trellis, can be optimally reformulated into a set of independent trellises for a special class of sparse intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. These independent trellises operate in parallel and have less overall complexity than a single trellis. This trellis decomposition can be applied to a more general class of sparse channels approximately resulting in a suboptimal reduced complexity equalizer.
The use of spray drying to microencapsulate 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a major flavour component of aromatic rice (2003)

Abstract Different ratios of gum acacia and maltodextrins were used to investigate the appropriate wall materials for encapsulation, by spray drying, of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (ACPY). This compound, which is the major flavour component of aromatic rice, was extracted from pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) leaves by steam distillation. The amounts of ACPY before and after spray drying encapsulation were not significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Better retention of ACPY was obtained by encapsulation. In its liquid form ACPY degraded quickly as 63% reduction occurred in a basic solution after 7 days; however, only 30% reduction was found in acidic solution after 35 days of storage. After 72 days of storage, the amount of ACPY in encapsulated powders made with differing amounts of gum acacia and maltodextrin decayed as follows: ratios of gum acacia:maltodextrin of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 0:100 gave the following amounts of degradation of 27.7, 33.4, 43.2, 35.7, 30.6 and 32.6% respectively. Encapsulation in 70:30 gum acacia:maltodextrin gave the best retention of ACPY.
Electron-Beam Technology in Switch Contacts (1979)

The original concept was to develop a composite strip of material for switch contacts, such that the silver portion is suitably bonded to the base metal such as copper, phosphor bronze, or beryllium copper. The requirements were a metallurgically sound reproducible-nonporous uniform ductile bond. Electron-beam welding technology meets these requirements for joining switch contact materials. Fine silver, coin silver, silver cadmium oxide, and other wrought contact materials can be continuously electron-beam welded to the base metal switchblade member and then subsequently stamped and formed to the necessary switch configuration. This manufacturing technique is an improvement over the alternate joining methods of resistance welding, brazing, tungsten inert gas welding, thermocompression bonding, and the more recent laser welding.
Numerical Response of Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Infestations of Asian Citrus Psyllid, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Florida (2001)

J. P. Michaud, Numerical Response of Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Infestations of Asian Citrus Psyllid, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Florida, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 84, No. 4 (Dec., 2001), pp. 608-612
Impact of nutrition on canine behaviour: current status and possible mechanisms (2007)

Each year, millions of dogs worldwide are abandoned by their owners, relinquished to animal shelters, and euthanised because of behaviour problems. Nutrition is rarely considered as one of the possible contributing factors of problem behaviour. This contribution presents an overview of current knowledge on the influence of nutrition on canine behaviour and explores the underlying mechanisms by which diet may affect behaviour in animals. Behaviour is regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones, and changes in the availability of their precursors may influence behaviour. Tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, may affect the incidence of aggression, self-mutilation and stress resistance. The latter may also be influenced by dietary tyrosine, a precursor to catecholamines. As diet composition, nutrient availability and nutrient interactions affect the availability of these precursors in the brain, behaviour or stress resistance may be affected. PUFA, especially DHA, have an important role as structural constituents in brain development, and dietary supply of n-3 and n-6 PUFA could modify aspects of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and, consequently, cognitive performance and behaviour. Finally, persistent feeding motivation between meals can increase stereotyped behaviour and aggression and decrease resting time. This feeding motivation may be altered by dietary fibre content and source. At present, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of nutrition in canine (problem) behaviour through the above mentioned mechanisms. Studies that explore this relationship may help to improve the welfare of dogs and their owners.
SIMILARITIES IN THE LIGHT CHAINS OF ANTI-γ-GLOBULINS SHOWING CROSS-IDIOTYPIC SPECIFICITIES (1974)

A marked homogeneity of the light chains was observed in an analysis of 17 IgM proteins with anti-gamma-globulin activity. The V region subgroups of the light chains were determined by both sequence and antigenic analysis. The latter procedure permitted large scale screening for comparisons with control proteins. The two methods showed general agreement in the determination of Kappa III proteins; all proteins positive by antigenic analysis were also positive by sequence but exceptions were noted in the opposite direction. The anti-gamma-globulins showed by antigenic analysis a 92% incidence of VK III light chains as compared to an incidence of 27% among 81 control proteins without this activity. A similar selection was observed for an antigen (VK III b) which subdivided the kappa III proteins. The major Wa group of anti-gamma-globulins which had been delineated previously on the basis of cross-idiotypic specificity was primarily responsible for the special light-chain selection. All the proteins of this group contain VK III light chains and all were of the VK III b type. Current evidence indicates that additional light-chain similarities were involved in the cross-idiotypic specificity of the Wa group. It thus appears that for the anti-gamma-globulins various levels of selection of light chains are manifest ranging from a preponderance of kappa type, of kappa III subgroup, of kappa III b sub-subgroup and perhaps of still further subdivisions to account for the cross-idiotypic specificity.
Conservative Treatment of Hemolytic Complication Following Coil Embolization in Two Adult Cases of Patent Ductus Arteriosus. (2001)

Two adult cases of relatively large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were treated by coil embolization, but were complicated by hemolysis that was successfully managed by medical treatment. Case 1 was a 67-year-old woman and Case 2 was a 71-year-old woman with a PDA of minimal diameter of 5.3 mm and 5.5 mm, respectively. The approach was via the pulmonary artery and 2 coils were delivered simultaneously into the ductus, known as the 'kissing coil technique'. Although immediately after the procedure only a small residual shunt was revealed by aortogram, hemolysis occurred for several hours after the procedure in both cases. A hemolytic complication usually needs additional coil embolization or surgical treatment, but in these 2 cases it was successfully treated by haptoglobin infusion to prevent nephropathy and by antiplasmin infusion to promote thrombus formation. Hemolytic complications of coil embolization of PDA can managed by medication when the residual shunt is minimal and the degree of hemolysis is mild.
Brønsted Base-Modulated Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes: Formation of Seven-Membered Amides and Evidence for Allylic C−H Activation (2009)

A novel palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aerobic oxidative allylic C-H amination of olefins has been developed. Brønsted base can modulate the regioselectivity, favoring the formation of 7-membered rings. Mechanistic studies using deuterium-labeled substrates as probes support a rate-determining allylic C-H activation/irreversible reductive elimination pathway.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTING ON RNA 1 ACCELERATES CELL CYCLE THROUGH INCREASED TRANSLATION AND ACTIVITY OF CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 (2007)

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation through the upregulation of the editase adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). Because cell proliferation is a key feature of the inflammatory process, the present study tested the hypothesis that overexpression of ADAR1 accelerates cell cycle. To that end, human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transiently transfected with ADAR1 or vector, and cell cycle was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Overexpression of wild-type ADAR1 decreased the proportion of G0-G1 cells (-19%, P<0.01, n=3), increased the percentage of S phase cells (+19%, P<0.01, n=3), and did not change the ratio of cells residing in the G2-M phase (n=3). This finding was supported by three observations. First, there was a parallel production in ADAR1-transfected cells of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and cyclin A, a pivotal protein complex upregulated at the G1-S phase checkpoint, and of [p]-Histone H1, a marker of Cdk2 activity (+102%, P<0.01, n=3). Second, ADAR1-transfected cells displayed higher activity of the proliferation marker, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide. Third, using anti-ADAR1 antibody, direct binding of ADAR1 to Cdk2 messenger RNA was demonstrated in ADAR1-transfected cells by protein-RNA cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (+974%, P<0.01, n=3). Finally, causal relationships between ADAR1 and Cdk2 were confirmed by a study with the Cdk2 inhibitor, kenpaullone, which prevented the ADAR1-induced shift from the G0-G1 to the S phase. Taken together, these data show that ADAR1 increases cell cycle by shifting cells from the G0-G1 to the S phase through the upregulation of Cdk2.
Hepatitis C screening. (2014)

Screening for hepatitis C leads to the appropriate evaluation and treatment of individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus and prevents the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the associated morbidity and mortality. Screening for hepatitis C is also cost effective.
Medical treatment of otosclerosis: rationale for use of bisphosphonates. (2008)

Otosclerosis is a bony dyscrasia characterized by histopathological findings of osteoclast production. Osteoclastogenesis explains the pathogenesis of otosclerosis. Basic science research in the experimental animal otic capsule has given insight into the process of evolution of otosclerosis. The normal otic capsule is preserved with very little bone turnover as a result of the production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) by the membranous inner ear that prevents the activation of osteoclasts. Animals genetically unable to produce OPG demonstrated the production of hearing loss and histopathology of the temporal bones consistent with that seen in otosclerosis. Applying the understanding of osteoclastogenesis to the treatment of otosclerosis has led to the clinical use of the class of drugs called bisphosphonates. The bisphosphonate group of drugs specifically targets osteoclasts by reducing production of osteoclasts and accelerating their early cell death. The rationale for use of bisphosphonates to treat the sensorineural hearing loss of otosclerosis is explained, with cases that illustrate the bisphosphonates treatment algorithms and the response to treatment.
Rapid automated cell quantification on HIV microfluidic devices (2009)

Lab-chip device analysis often requires high throughput quantification of fluorescent cell images, obtained under different conditions of fluorescent intensity, illumination, focal depth, and optical magnification. Many laboratories still use manual counting--a tedious, expensive process prone to inter-observer variability. The manual counting process can be automated for fast and precise data gathering and reduced manual bias. We present a method to segment and count cells in microfluidic chips that are labeled with a single stain, or multiple stains, using image analysis techniques in Matlab and discuss its advantages over manual counting. Microfluidic based cell capturing devices for HIV monitoring were used to validate our method. Captured CD4(+) CD3(+) T lymphocytes were stained with DAPI, AF488-anti CD4, and AF647-anti CD3 for cell identification. Altogether 4788 (76 x 3 x 21) gray color images were obtained from devices using discarded 10 HIV infected patient whole blood samples (21 devices). We observed that the automatic method performs similarly to manual counting for a small number of cells. However, automated counting is more accurate and more than 100 times faster than manual counting for multiple-color stained cells, especially when large numbers of cells need to be quantified (>500 cells). The algorithm is fully automatic for subsequent microscope images that cover the full device area. It accounts for problems that generally occur in fluorescent lab-chip cell images such as: uneven background, overlapping cell images and cell detection with multiple stains. This method can be used in laboratories to save time and effort, and to increase cell counting accuracy of lab-chip devices for various applications, such as circulating tumor cell detection, cell detection in biosensors, and HIV monitoring devices, i.e. CD4 counts.
An investigation of examiner rating of coherence and cohesion in the IELTS academic writing task 2 (2011)

The study investigated whether examiners find the marking of coherence and cohesion (CC) in the IELTS Academic Writing Task 2 more difficult than the marking of the other criteria; what features of CC examiners are looking for in marking Academic Writing Task 2; the extent to which they differ in their marking of CC compared to their marking of the other criteria; whether qualifications and experience had an impact on assessment reliability; and how much current examiner training materials clarify understandings of CC. The study involved think-aloud protocols and follow-up interviews with 12 examiners marking a set of 10 scripts, and a quantitative study with 55 examiners marking 12 scripts and completing a followup questionnaire. The quantitative data revealed that examiner reliability was within the acceptable range for all four criteria. The marking of CC was slightly less reliable than the marking of Grammatical Range and Accuracy and Lexical Resource, but not significantly different to Task Response. No significant effects could be found for examiners' qualifications or experience, which suggests that the training is effective. The findings showed that examiners found the marking of CC more difficult than the other criteria. Examiners were conscientious in applying the band descriptors and used the terminology of the descriptors for CC most of the time. They also introduced other terms not explicitly used in the CC descriptors, such as 'flow', 'structure' and 'linking words', as well as the terms, 'essay', 'introduction' 'conclusion' and 'topic sentence'. The introduction of terms such as these, together with variation in the degree to which examiners focused on particular features of CC, has implications for the construct validity of the test. Suggestions for improving the construct validity include: possible fine tuning of the CC band descriptors; clarification of the expected rhetorical genre; further linguistic research to provide detailed analysis of CC in sample texts; and refinements to the training materials, including a glossary of key terms and sample scripts showing all cohesive ties.
The First Direct Characterization of a High-Valent Iron Intermediate in the Reaction of an α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase:  A High-Spin Fe(IV) Complex in Taurine/α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase (TauD) from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

The Fe(II)- and alpha-ketoglutarate(alphaKG)-dependent dioxygenases have roles in synthesis of collagen and sensing of oxygen in mammals, in acquisition of nutrients and synthesis of antibiotics in microbes, and in repair of alkylated DNA in both. A consensus mechanism for these enzymes, involving (i) addition of O(2) to a five-coordinate, (His)(2)(Asp)-facially coordinated Fe(II) center to which alphaKG is also bound via its C-1 carboxylate and ketone oxygen; (ii) attack of the uncoordinated oxygen of the bound O(2) on the ketone carbonyl of alphaKG to form a bicyclic Fe(IV)-peroxyhemiketal complex; (iii) decarboxylation of this complex concomitantly with formation of an oxo-ferryl (Fe(IV)=O(2)(-)) intermediate; and (iv) hydroxylation of the substrate by the Fe(IV)=O(2)(-) complex via a substrate radical intermediate, has repeatedly been proposed, but none of the postulated intermediates occurring after addition of O(2) has ever been detected. In this work, an oxidized Fe intermediate in the reaction of one of these enzymes, taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli, has been directly demonstrated by rapid kinetic and spectroscopic methods. Characterization of the intermediate and its one-electron-reduced form (obtained by low-temperature gamma-radiolysis of the trapped intermediate) by Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies establishes that it is a high-spin, formally Fe(IV) complex. Its Mössbauer isomer shift is, however, significantly greater than those of other known Fe(IV) complexes, suggesting that the iron ligands in the TauD intermediate confer significant Fe(III) character to the high-valent site by strong electron donation. The properties of the complex and previous results on related alphaKG-dependent dioxygenases and other non-heme-Fe(II)-dependent, O(2)-activating enzymes suggest that the TauD intermediate is most probably either the Fe(IV)-peroxyhemiketal complex or the taurine-hydroxylating Fe(IV)=O(2)(-) species. The detection of this intermediate sets the stage for a more detailed dissection of the TauD reaction mechanism than has previously been reported for any other member of this important enzyme family.