gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The activation of inositol phospholipid metabolism as a signal- transducing system for excitatory amino acids in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells (1986)

L-Glutamic, L-aspartic acids and a number of their structural analogs, including quisqualic, kainic, ibotenic, quinolinic, and N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) acids, increase inositol phospholipid hydrolysis when added to primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, as is reflected by an enhanced formation of 3H-inositolmonophosphate (3H-IP1) in the presence of Li+. L-Glutamic acid also enhances the formation of the initial products of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, 3H-inositol di-(3H-IP2) and triphosphate (3H-IP3). In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, L-glutamic acid fails to enhance 3H-IP1 formation, but still increases 3H-IP2 and 3H-IP3 formation. The stimulation of 3H-IP1 formation elicited by L-glutamic acid is reduced by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and gamma-glutamylglycine and, to a lesser extent, by 2,3-cis-piperidindicarboxylic acid (PDA). The stimulation of 3H-IP1 formation by kainic acid is antagonized by PDA and gamma-glutamylglycine, but it is almost unaffected by APV. The increase in 3H-IP1 formation elicited by quisqualic acid is not reduced by any of the dicarboxylic amino acid receptor antagonists that we have tested. We conclude that different subtypes of excitatory amino acid recognition sites are associated with inositol phospholipid metabolism in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells.
A Bacterial Electron-bifurcating Hydrogenase (2012)

The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of anaerobic CO(2) fixation with hydrogen as reductant is considered a candidate for the first life-sustaining pathway on earth because it combines carbon dioxide fixation with the synthesis of ATP via a chemiosmotic mechanism. The acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii uses an ancient version of the pathway that has only one site to generate the electrochemical ion potential used to drive ATP synthesis, the ferredoxin-fueled, sodium-motive Rnf complex. However, hydrogen-based ferredoxin reduction is endergonic, and how the steep energy barrier is overcome has been an enigma for a long time. We have purified a multimeric [FeFe]-hydrogenase from A. woodii containing four subunits (HydABCD) which is predicted to have one [H]-cluster, three [2Fe2S]-, and six [4Fe4S]-clusters consistent with the experimental determination of 32 mol of Fe and 30 mol of acid-labile sulfur. The enzyme indeed catalyzed hydrogen-based ferredoxin reduction, but required NAD(+) for this reaction. NAD(+) was also reduced but only in the presence of ferredoxin. NAD(+) and ferredoxin reduction both required flavin. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that NAD(+) and ferredoxin reduction are strictly coupled and that they are reduced in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Apparently, the multimeric hydrogenase of A. woodii is a soluble energy-converting hydrogenase that uses electron bifurcation to drive the endergonic ferredoxin reduction by coupling it to the exergonic NAD(+) reduction.
SU‐E‐T‐345: Validation of a Patient‐Specific Monte Carlo Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry Platform (2014)

Purpose: There is a compelling need for personalized dosimetry in targeted radionuclide therapy given that conventional dose calculation methods fail to accurately predict dose response relationships. To address this need, we have developed a Geant4‐based Monte Carlo patient‐specific 3D dosimetry platform for TRT. This platform calculates patient‐specific dose distributions based on serial CT/PET or CT/SPECT images acquired after injection of the TRT agent. In this work, S‐values and specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) were calculated using this platform and benchmarked against reference values. Methods: S‐values for 1, 10, 100, and 1000g spherical tumors with uniform activity distributions of I‐124, I‐125, I‐131, F‐18, and Ra‐223 were calculated and compared to OLINDA/EXM reference values. SAFs for monoenergetic photons of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 MeV and S factors for monoenergetic electrons of 0.935 MeV were calculated for the liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and adrenals in the Zubal Phantom and compared with previously published values. Sufficient particles were simulated to keep the voxel statistical uncertainty below 5%. Results: The calculated spherical S‐values agreed within a few percent of reference data from OLINDA/EXM for each radionuclide and sphere size. The comparison of photon SAFs and electron S‐values with previously published values showed good agreement with the previously published values. The S‐values and SAFs of the source organs agreed within 1%. Conclusion: Our platform has been benchmarked against reference values for a variety of radionuclides and over a wide range of energies and tumor sizes. Therefore, this platform could be used to provide accurate patientspecific dosimetry for use in radiopharmaceutical clinical trials.
Handbook of extractive metallurgy (1997)

The Metal Industry: The Economic Classification of Metals Metal Production Recycling of Metals By-Product Metals Ferrous Metals: Iron Steel Ferroalloys Primary Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Tin Nickel Secondary Metals: Arsenic Antimony Bismuth Cadmium Mercury Cobalt Light Metals: Beryllium Magnesium Aluminium Titanium Precious Metals: Gold Silver Platinum Group Metals Refractory Metals: Tungsten Molybdenum Niobium Tantalum Zirconium Hafnium Vanadium Rhenium Scattered Metals: Germanium Gallium Indium Thallium Selenium Tellurium Radioactive Metals: Uranium Thorium Plutonium Rare Earths Ferroalloy Metals: Chromium Manganese Silicon Boron Alkali Metals: Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Alkaline Earth Metals: Calcium Strontium Barium Special Topics: Hydrides Carbides Nitrides Cyano Compounds Peroxo Compounds.
Embedding Intelligence through Cognitive Services (2017)

Cognitive Services include various APIs, SDKs and services for the software developers to develop applications to display not only intelligence but also discoverable. Cognitive Services permit developers to embed intelligent features of emotions, recognition of voice/face/video and also embed understanding of it within their applications. They aim to enhance the computing speed and provide productivity through systems that can generate results for what we see, hear and speak i.e. they can now understand and reason. In this paper, we have taken the case of available API launched by Microsoft Project Oxford recently along with a quick look at its competitors in market.
Taxonomic Study of Xenorhabdus, a Genus of Bacteria Symbiotically Associated with Insect Pathogenic Nematodes (1983)

The taxonomy of the bacteria symbiotically associated with the insect-pathogenic nematodes Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis was examined. The bacteria studied were isolated from 33 populations obtained from Australasia, Europe, and the United States. The symbionts of all species of Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis examined were members of the genus Xenorhabdus, but they differed in several respects from the description of the genus Xenorhabdus, including the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyriboneucleic acid and the production of acid from carbohydrates. All bacteria isolated from Heterorhabditis spp. were identified as members of Xenorhabdus luminescens. The bacteria isolated from one Neoaplectana species were similar and were distinguishable from the bacteria isolated from other Neoaplectana species. The following three subspecies of Xenorhabdus nematophilus are proposed: Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. nematophilus (bacteria symbiotic with Neoaplectana feltiae [= Neoaplectana carpocapsae]; type strain ATCC 19061), Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. bovienii (bacteria symbiotic with Neoaplectana bibionis; type strain, UQM 2210T), and Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. poinarii (bacteria symbiotic with Neoaplectana glaseri; type strain, UQM 2216). These subspecies vary in host nematode, pigmentation, maximum temperature for growth, responses to tests for phenylalanine deaminase by secondary-form isolates and for lipase (Tween 80 test) and lecithinase by primary-form isolates, and coloration of primary-form isolates on MacConkey agar and media containing bromthymol blue.
Ferroelastic Phase Transition in<b><i>T</i><i>l</i><sub>2</sub><i>S</i><i>e</i><i>O</i><sub>4</sub></b> (1996)

Thermal, dielectric, X-ray and optical investigations of Tl 2 SeO 4 were carried out above room temperature. It was found that Tl 2 SeO 4 undergoes an improper ferroelastic phase transition at 388°C , and has spontaneous strain a s =( e 22 - e 33 )/2 = 1.97 ×10 -2 at room temperature. Tl 2 SeO 4 shows domain structures composed of three kinds of orientations with two types of domain boundaries. The crystal belongs to the space group P 6 3 / m m c with the hexagonal unit cell parameters of a h =6.295(6) Å and c h =8.189(5) Å at 410°C . It was deduced that the improper ferroelastic phase transition is characterized by the symmetry change from P 6 3 / m m c to Pnam .
Influence of chemotherapy on the biodistribution of [99mTc]hydrazinonicotinamide annexin V in cancer patients. (2009)

Prior administration of [(99m)Tc]HYNIC annexin V and administration of chemotherapy does not interfere with quantitative specific uptake in healthy human tissues when using a schedule of baseline and 5-7 h and 40-44 h post-treatment imaging.
High resolution radar models for joint tracking and recognition (2002)

Identification of airborne or ground targets using high resolution radar (HRR) range-profiles is a notoriously difficult problem, due in large part to the extreme variability of the range-profile for small changes in target aspect angle. We address the problem of joint tracking and recognition of a target using a sequence of HRR range-profiles within a likelihood-based framework. The likelihood function for the scene configuration combines a dynamics-based prior on the sequence of target orientations with a likelihood for range-profiles given the target orientation. The recognition system performs joint inference on the target type parameter and the sequence of target orientations at the observation times. The primary issue with respect to successful recognition is modeling of the HRR data. The use of either deterministic or stochastic models for the range profiles is possible within our framework. A deterministic model and a conditionally Gaussian model for the range-profile are introduced, and the likelihood functions under each model for varying orientations and target types are compared. Simulations are presented demonstrating recognition of mobile ground targets within our framework. Results showing performance of the algorithm are given in terms of the expected angular estimation error and the rate of correct recognition.
CLIP-derived self peptides bound to MHC class II molecules of medullary thymic epithelial cells differ from those of cortical thymic epithelial cells in their diversity, length, and C-terminal processing (2000)

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) are able to present soluble antigens to CD4+ helper T cell lines, whereas cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC) are not (Mizuochi, T., et al., J. Exp. Med. 1992. 175: 1601-1605). In addition, class II heterodimers from mTEC migrated with apparently less relative molecular mass in SDS-PAGE than those from cTEC (Kasai, M., et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1998. 28:1867-1876). To investigate the cause of the distinct migration profiles of class II heterodimers in both TEC types, class II heterodimer-associated peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Self peptides from cTEC were shown to vary moderately in length and to be highly diverse, including low amounts of CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) variants. On the other hand, self peptides from two mTEC consisted predominantly of two CLIP variants with exceptional C-terminal extensions. C-terminally overhanging residues of CLIP in mTEC may be responsible for the distinct migration of class II heterodimers in SDS-PAGE. Differences in migration of class II heterodimers on SDS gels was also observed in H2-DM+ vesicles isolated from both TEC. The possible contribution of self peptides bound to class II heterodimers in TEC to positive or negative selection of T cells in the thymus is discussed.
Adapting optical-flow to measure object motion in reflectance and X-ray image sequences (1986)

Abstract : This paper adapts a previous work on optical flow to the problem of determining arbitrary motions of objects from 2-dimensional image sequences. The method allows for gradual changes in the way an object boundaries. The authors find velocity fields that give estimates of the velocities of objects in the image plane. These velocities are computed from a series of images using information about the spatial and temporal brightness gradients. A constraint on the smoothness of motion within an object's boundaries is used. The method can be applied to interpretation of both reflectance and x-ray images. Results are shown for models of ellipsoids undergoing expansion, as well as for an x-ray image sequence of a beating heart.
Use of an ex vivo ATP luminescence assay to direct chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer (1998)

Chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian carcinoma (ROC) produces response rates of 10-80% depending on the prevalence of platinum resistance. Most patients relapse within 1 year and median progression-free survival (PFS) is generally no more than 6 months. Previous pretherapeutic chemosensitivity assays mostly failed to improve the outcome of patients with ROC. Newly developed ATP assays show promising retrospective correlation with clinical outcome. We report here the first results of ATP assay-directed chemotherapy in patients with ROC. Therapy was selected by the ATP tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) in a prospective open-label pilot trial for ROC. Objective response rate (ORR), PFS and overall survival (OAS) of the first 25 evaluable patients were retrospectively compared with those of 30 others having similar characteristics who were treated empirically within the same period. The actuarial median observation times were 80 weeks for the ATP-TCA group and 83.5 weeks for the control group, respectively. In the control group, a 37% ORR [two complete responses (CR) and nine partial responses (PR)] was followed by a median PFS of 20 weeks and a median OAS of 69 weeks, mainly related to the use of single-agent chemotherapy. The ORR in the ATP-TCA group was 64% (eight CR and eight PR) (p=0.04) with the majority of responses (11 of 16) achieved with novel combinations. The median PFS in this group was 50 weeks (p=0.003) and the median OAS was 97 weeks (p=0.145). Survival of responding patients was similar in both groups. Chemotherapy guided by the ATP-TCA produced a greater benefit with regard to both ORR and PFS in platinum-refractory patients. ATP-TCA-directed chemotherapy for ROC compares favorably with chemotherapy chosen by a clinician and often leads to the choice of novel drug combinations. These promising results now warrant confirmation by prospective randomized trials.
Systematic Design and Modeling of a OTA-C Filter for Portable ECG Detection (2009)

This study presents a systematic design of the fully differential operational transconductance amplifier-C (OTA-C) filter for a heart activities detection apparatus. Since the linearity and noise of the filter is dependent on the building cell, a precise behavioral model for the real OTA circuit is created. To reduce the influence of coefficient sensitivity and maintain an undistorted biosignal, a fifth-order ladder-type lowpass Butterworth is employed. Based on this topology, a chip fabricated in a 0.18- mum CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system estimation. Since the battery life and the integration with the low-voltage digital processor are the most critical requirement for the portable diagnosis device, the OTA-based circuit is operated in the subthreshold region to save power under the supply voltage of 1V. Measurement results show that this low-voltage and low-power filter possesses the HD3 of -48.9 dB, dynamic range (DR) of 50 dB, and power consumption of 453 nW. Therefore, the OTA-C filter can be adopted to eliminate the out-of-band interference of the electrocardiogram (ECG) whose signal bandwidth is located within 250 Hz.
An Epidemic of Hepatitis A Attributable to the Ingestion of Raw Clams in Shanghai, China (1991)

An epidemic of hepatitis A in 1988 in Shanghai had an overall attack rate of 4083/100,000 population (292,301 cases). The epidemic curve showed three peaks in January and February. A case-control study of 1208 matched pairs supported that clams were the vehicle for the virus (summary odds ratio, 9.47; P less than .001). Analysis of subsets who had eaten clams indicated that only 3.5% with hepatitis A had cooked their clams compared with 18.1% without hepatitis A, and those with the disease consumed more clams. A historical cohort study indicated that approximately 31.7% of the population had eaten clams one or more times between 9 December 1987 and 3 January 1988. The estimated attack rates in those who had and had not eaten clams were 11.93% and 0.52%, respectively (relative risk, 22.94; attributable risk, 11.41%). The three peaks in the consumption curve correlated with those in the epidemic curve. Hepatitis A virus was demonstrated in clams taken from the Shanghai markets and from the catching area.
Enterprise JavaBeans, Second Edition (2000)

From the Publisher:
Enterprise JavaBeans, Second Edition, is the definitive guide to 1.1, which incorporates the latest developments in technology. Enterprise JavaBeans allows you to build complex, mission-critical systems using snap-together software components that model business objects and processes. greatly simplifies the process of development by taking care of issues like object persistence, security, and transaction management. EJB 1.1 delivers on a promise that was astonishing a few years ago: not only can Enterprise JavaBeans run without modification on any operating system, they could run without modification within any 1.1 enterprise server. 1.0 was a down payment that showed portability was possible; 1.1 goes much further in making server-side components more powerful, portable, and easy to deploy. This book teaches you how to develop Enterprise JavaBeans to model your business and how to use those beans in clients.
The Economic Burden of Major Adult Visual Disorders in the United States (2006)

Major visual disorders among Americans older than 40 years result in substantial economic costs for the US economy. Well-designed public health programs may have the ability to reduce this burden in the future.
Regeneration of somatic hybrids in relation to the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes of wheat and<i>Setaria italica</i> (2004)

Somatic hybridization via PEG (Polyethylene 6000)-mediated protoplast fusion was achieved between two different wheat culture lines (Triticum aestivum L., "Jinan"177, T1 and T2) and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. The T1 recipient originated from non-regenerable long-term cell suspensions, while T2 was derived from embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity. Donor protoplasts were obtained from embryogenic calli of S. italica (S) (with low regeneration capacity) irradiated with different doses of ultraviolet light. Twenty-three putative hybrid cell lines were produced in fusion combinations with the donor protoplasts treated with UV light for 30 s (combination I) and 1 min (combination II), but only one (from combination II) differentiated into green plants. Three cell lines from combination I and five cell lines from combination II possessed the nuclear genomes of T1, T2, and S. italica as revealed by cytological, isozyme, RAPD, and 5S rDNA spacer sequence analyses. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis showed that most hybrid cell lines had 22-36 wheat chromosomes, 0-2 S. italica chromosomes, and 1-6 wheat - S. italica recombinant chromosomes, whereas the regenerable cell line had 44-56 wheat chromosomes and 3-6 recombinant chromosomes, but no intact S. italica chromosomes. RFLP analysis of organellar DNA revealed that mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA of both parents coexisted in all hybrid cell lines and recombined in most hybrid cell lines. These results indicate that the regeneration of hybrid plants involves not only the integration of S. italica nuclear and organellar DNA, but also the genome complementation of T1 and T2.
Narrow-channel GaInP/InGaAs/GaAs MODFETs for high-frequency and power applications (1997)

We have developed a new concept of narrow (50-80 /spl Aring/) channel MODFETs. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that only the ground energy level is populated in the narrow-channel device. A new technique to measure mobility at the highest energies of the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) was introduced. With the help of this technique it is shown that, in wide wells, electrons in the excited energy levels have low mobility and consequently degrade device performance. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the narrow-channel device has a higher electron sheet density and mobility and consequently better performance than a conventional wide-channel MODFET. Excellent quality Ga/sub x/In/sub 1-x/P/In/sub y/Ga/sub 1-y/As/GaAs MODFETs with a pseudomorphic barrier and a pseudomorphic channel were grown by MBE and OMVPE. Higher than 3.4/spl middot/10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ electron sheet densities for single-side-doped MODFETs on GaAs substrate were measured. One-tenth micron gate length MODFETs achieved f/sub T/'s over 100 GHz and f/sub max/'s over 180 GHz. These results are comparable to the previously reported results for GaInP MODPET with graded barriers, however the device structure is much simpler.
Light responses of bacteria: site-directed mutagenesis study of PYP & photo-inactivation of E. coli and B. subtilis (2012)

Fotoreceptoreiwit photoactive yellow protein (PYP) absorbeert met zijn chromofoor (lichtgevoelig molecuul) blauw licht. De absorptie van blauw licht leidt tot isomerisatie (verandering) van de dubbele binding van de chromofoor en uiteindelijk tot een gedeeltelijke ontvouwing van het eiwit in de zogenaamde signaaltoestand, de toestand van het eiwit waarin een signaal doorgegeven kan worden. Marijke Hospes bekeek deze ontvouwing via tryptofaan fluorescentie (lichtmethode) op verschillende plaatsen in het eiwit. Ze laat zien dat de ontvouwing de mate veranderd waarin PYP zich met citraat bindt. Dit is van belang omdat citraat mogelijk aan dezelfde plek bindt als de signaal-transductiepartner (een ander eiwit) van PYP, waarover zeer weinig bekend is. Daarnaast toont Hospes aan dat de signaaltoestand van PYP alleen gevormd kan worden doordat de dubbele binding in de chromofoor isomeriseert. De draaiing van de naast gelegen enkele binding is geen alternatief voor deze dubbele binding isomerisatie, maar vergemakkelijkt wel de isomerisatie van de dubbele binding. Hospes’ fundamentele onderzoek vergroot de kennis over het doorgeven van signalen in cellen. PYP is het prototype van PAS-domeinen. Deze PAS-domeinen komen veel voor in eiwitten die betrokken zijn bij signaal transductie zoals receptoren (eiwitten die bijvoorbeeld licht waarnemen). In bijna elk organisme (bacterien, schimmels, planten en dieren) worden PAS-domeinen gevonden, inclusief mensen.