gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical roles of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms in colonic injury (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that is largely produced by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). NO regulates numerous processes in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the overall role that NO plays in intestinal inflammation is unclear. NO is upregulated in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease as well as in animal models of colitis. There have been conflicting reports on whether NO protects or exacerbates injury in colitis or is simply a marker of inflammation. To determine whether the site, timing, and level of NO production modulate the effect on the inflammatory responses, the dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis was assessed in murine lines rendered deficient in iNOS, nNOS, eNOS, or e/nNOS by targeted gene disruption. The loss of nNOS resulted in more severe disease and increased mortality, whereas the loss of eNOS or iNOS was protective. Furthermore, concomitant loss of eNOS reversed the susceptibility found in nNOS-/- mice. Deficiencies in specific NOS isoforms led to distinctive alterations of inflammatory responses, including changes in leukocyte recruitment and alterations in colonic lymphocyte populations. The present studies indicate that NO produced by individual NOS isoforms plays different roles in modulating an inflammatory process.
Leptospira interrogans Endostatin-Like Outer Membrane Proteins Bind Host Fibronectin, Laminin and Regulators of Complement (2007)

The pathogenic spirochete Leptospira interrogans disseminates throughout its hosts via the bloodstream, then invades and colonizes a variety of host tissues. Infectious leptospires are resistant to killing by their hosts' alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing, and interact with various host extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The LenA outer surface protein (formerly called LfhA and Lsa24) was previously shown to bind the host ECM component laminin and the complement regulators factor H and factor H-related protein-1. We now demonstrate that infectious L. interrogans contain five additional paralogs of lenA, which we designated lenB, lenC, lenD, lenE and lenF. All six genes encode domains predicted to bear structural and functional similarities with mammalian endostatins. Sequence analyses of genes from seven infectious L. interrogans serovars indicated development of sequence diversity through recombination and intragenic duplication. LenB was found to bind human factor H, and all of the newly-described Len proteins bound laminin. In addition, LenB, LenC, LenD, LenE and LenF all exhibited affinities for fibronectin, a distinct host extracellular matrix protein. These characteristics suggest that Len proteins together facilitate invasion and colonization of host tissues, and protect against host immune responses during mammalian infection.
Adaptive skew control of data-strobe encoding for mobile display serial transceiver (2011)

This paper presents a new skew control technique for a high speed mobile display serial interface. Unstable frequency and distorted duty ratio of recovered clock from the skew of data and strobe can be adjusted simultaneously by the proposed adaptive strobe delay controller (ASDC). Clock regulation is important because a raster image is re-constructed by using pixel clock from serialized host sending image data. By converting detected skews to voltage level and using a voltage controlled delay line (VCDL), the proposed adaptive skew control technique solves the problems of image distortion which are caused by several mismatched skew elements between data and exclusive OR (XOR) encoded strobe signal. The proposed skew controller and its related transceiver were implemented and also verified using a mega-pixel mobile image sensor. This technique has an output duty error of less than 3% under the instantaneous duty error of 20% and the implemented systems shows a good image quality from 500 MHz to 1 GHz normal operation with 3.5 mW power dissipation.
The Development of Erect Posture and its Physiological Effects (1939)

(1939). The Development of Erect Posture and its Physiological Effects. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 514-551.
Near-field optical recording using a planar solid immersion mirror (2005)

A near-field planar solid immersion mirror (PSIM) has been developed and applied to the writing and reading of marks in a phase-change material. Light focusing of a PSIM is realized by a two-dimensional parabolic reflective surface integrated in a planar waveguide. Using a PSIM fabricated out of a waveguide consisting of a 100nm Ta2O5 core layer and a SiO2 cladding layer on an Al2O3–TiC substrate, we have recorded marks with dimensions of λ∕4.
Nitric oxide inhibits uptake of dopamine and N‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) but not release of MPP<sup>+</sup> in rat C6 glioma cells expressing human dopamine transporter (2002)

1. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite on dopamine (DA) uptake and release. In the present study, effects of NO donors were studied in rat C6 glioma cells expressing human DA transporter. 2. [(3)H]-DA uptake was inhibited by S-nitroso-thiol S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, spermine/NO, diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO), (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)-amino]/NO (PAPA/NO), and 3-morphosynodiomine (SIN-1) in a rank order correlating with their half lives as NO donors, whereas no effect was observed for diethylenetriamine/NO and dipropylenetriamine/NO, which release NO very slowly. 3. Hydroxycobalamin, a NO scavenger, but not superoxide dismutase and catalase, enzymes that metabolize superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, abolished the inhibitory effect of DEA/NO and SIN-1, indicating that they inhibit DA uptake through a mechanism related to the production of NO but unrelated to the formation of peroxynitrite. In consonance, peroxynitrite did not alter DA uptake in the present system. 4. DEA/NO and PAPA/NO reduced [(3)H]-MPP(+) uptake, whereas the release of [(3)H]-MPP(+) was not modified, demonstrating that NO can inhibit uptake of DA transporter substrate without accelerating DA transporter-mediated reverse transport of substrate under the same conditions.
Windows NT device driver design in a multi-link translator and display system (2003)

The future vision of communication systems suggests a global grid will be used to enable links among any battlefield participant to any other participant. In the meantime, there are many diverse data links that have grown over many years, consumed substantial investment of effort and funding, and are not amenable to wholesale modernization. Consequently, there is a need for a set of tools, to allow interconnected communications among the existing data links. The multi-link translator and display system (MTDS) offers this set of tools. The MTDS provides three basic capabilities: to receive and display tactical data link information, to translate between tactical data link message sets, and to route the data link information between various physical interfaces. The MTDS translates between tactical digital information link (TADIL) A, TADIL B and TADIL J. This paper first describes the MTDS and then presents its Windows NT device driver design. Five important issues are discussed: mapping memory addresses, connecting driver interrupt service routines to interrupts, setting byte alignment in data packing, claiming driver resources and transferring data on industry standard architecture bus.
Protective defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma (2005)

A protective stoma reduced the rate of anastomotic leakage that required surgical intervention, and mitigated the sequelae of such leakage. Colostomy closure was associated with less morbidity than closure of an ileostomy.
The Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR): developing a tool for clinical practice (2004)

Contemporary and established literature indicates that people with mental health problems are at a higher risk of suicide than the general population. Because suicide is a multifaceted, complex phenomenon, risk assessment within the mental health care system requires a pluralistic, multidimensional and multiprofessional response. While assessment tools may provide useful guidance, especially guarding against complacency and over confidence, the fundamental basis of risk assessment must involve a thorough examination of the personal, interpersonal and social circumstances of each individual. Such thorough and rigorous assessments, the authors of this paper would add, require a degree of 'clinical judgement'. As a rule, inexperienced members of mental health care staff should not be charged with the responsibility of conducting suicide risk assessments without sound mentorship. However, with the right support and assessment tool, the novice practitioner might develop the kind of clinical judgement necessary for this critical task. Accordingly, this paper traces the development of the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR). It illustrates the practice development context out of which the need for the tool arose; it outlines the key evidence that underpins the construction of the tool and it is described. It is important to point out that as yet, no wide scale, quantitative validation of the tool has been conducted. Therefore, at this point, the tool should be treated with a degree of appropriate caution. Nevertheless, the preliminary attempts that have been made to 'validate' or 'rate' the tool in practice are included. While acknowledging that any risk assessment tool represents only one aspect of the necessarily broader assessment of risk, the NGASR appears to provide a useful template for the nursing assessment of suicide risk, especially for the novice.
Improving English Listening Proficiency: The Application of ARCS Learning-motivational Model (2015)

Language learning motivation is one of vital factors which strongly correlates to the success in second language acquisition. Listening proficiency, as one of the basic language abilities, is paid much attention in English instruction, but presently the college English listening teaching is a weak link in English language teaching in China, which means listening practice occupies so much time but the gains are so limited. Therefore, promoting the performance of listening proficiency is still a hot topic in English language teaching. The ARCS model, which includes four categories, is both motivational and also teaching model. So, this model can be utilized in college English listening teaching and learning to discuss how to stimulate the listening motivation and to improve listening proficiency as well as teaching performance.
Holographic Offset Launch for Dynamic Optimization and Characterization of Multimode Fiber Bandwidth (2011)

Optimization of the bandwidth of a 2 km 50 μm multimode fiber at 850 nm is investigated theoretically and experimentally by steering a single spot, or two in antiphase spots across the core of the fiber in two dimensions using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulator. This method not only allows an optimal offset launch position to be chosen in situ but can also characterize the geometry and position of the core, identify defects, and measure the maximum differential mode delay. Its ability to selectively excite specific mode groups is also of relevance to mode-group division multiplexing.
Acromegaly and Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Biological Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications (2003)

Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder characterised by sustained hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) with concomitant elevation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and is associated with malignancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In particular, there may be an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia, but the exact extent of this is contentious. Colonoscopy-based studies of adenoma prevalence rates in acromegalic patients are misleading, but population-based studies on colorectal cancer risk are more consistent - a meta-analysis estimated a pooled risk ratio of 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.32, 3.14). Possible mechanisms underlying this increased risk include direct actions as a consequence of elevated levels of circulating GH and IGF-I and/or other perturbations within the IGF system. Other possible mechanisms include altered bile acid secretion, altered cellular immunity, hyperinsulinaemia, shared genetic susceptibility and increased bowel length. However, most explanations only offer indirect evidence, and the expectation of acromegaly as a natural model of colorectal carcinogenesis has not materialised. From a clinical perspective, it seems reasonable to consider a once-only colonoscopic screening at approximately age 55 years, but potential risks and benefits should be balanced.
Performance Study of a Large Monolithic LYSO PET Detector With Accurate Photon DOI Using Retroreflector Layers (2017)

Clinical and organ-dedicated PET systems typically require a high efficiency imposing the use of thick scintillators, normally through crystal arrays. To provide depth of interaction (DOI) information, two or more layers are sometimes mounted in the staggered or phoswich approach. In this paper, we are proposing an alternative using thick and large monolithic crystals. We have tested two surface treatments for a 50 mm × 50 mm × 20 mm LYSO block. We provide data in this paper as close as 5 mm to the lateral walls. We left those walls black painted and the exit face coupled to the photosensor (12 × 12 SiPM array) polished. The entrance face was: 1) black painted or 2) coupled to a retroreflector (RR) layer. These configurations keep a good DOI linearity and, on average, reached 4 mm DOI resolution, measured as the full width at half of the maximum. Approaches using RR layers return constant and good energy resolutions nearing 12%, compared to a range of 15%-16% in the case of totally black painted blocks. The best result concerning the detector spatial resolution was obtained when one of the smallest RR was used (120 um corner cube size), being 1.7 mm at the entrance crystal layer and 0.7 mm in the layer closest to the photosensor. These values worsen at least 30% for the black treatment case.
Pattern Compression of FAST Corner Detection for Efficient Hardware Implementation (2011)

This paper shows stream-oriented FPGA implementation of the machine-learned Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) corner detection, which is used in the parallel tracking and mapping (PTAM) for augmented reality (AR). One of the difficulties of compact hardware implementation of the FAST corner detection is a matching process with a large number of corner patterns. We propose corner pattern compression methods focusing on discriminant division and pattern symmetry for rotation and inversion. This pattern compression enables implementation of the corner pattern matching with a combinational circuit. Our prototype implementation achieves real-time execution performance with 7-9% of available slices of a Virtex-5 FPGA.
Physical Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Based Resins for Combinatorial Solid Phase Organic Chemistry:  A Comparison of PEG-Cross-Linked and PEG-Grafted Resins (2000)

Three series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polymers were synthesized and characterized with respect to their physical properties. Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (POEPOP), polyoxyethylene-polyoxetane (SPOCC), and polyoxyethylene-polystyrene (POEPS-3) were synthesized respectively by anion polymerization, cation polymerization, and radical polymerization. Both bulk and suspension modes were used to synthesize the polymers from derivatized PEG monomers (PEG 400, PEG 900, and PEG 1500). The three supports were compared with two commercially available PEG-grafted supports (TentaGel S OH, ArgoGel-OH) and two polystyrene supports (aminomethylated polystyrene [PS-NH2] and macroporous aminomethylated polystyrene [PLAMS]) with respect to their swelling properties, loading, NMR spectral quality, as well as solvent and reagent accessibility. Loadings of 0.3-0.7 mmol/g were obtained for the PEG-based resins. Swelling of the PEG-based resins was determined to be higher than that of the PEG-grafted resins and polystyrene supports. The PEG-based resins gave better resolved high-resolution NMR spectra than the PEG-grafted resins when examined by magic angle spinning nanoprobe (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, fluorescence quenching of polymer bound 2-amino-benzoate by protonation with p-toluenesulfonic acid showed moderate to fast diffusion through the polymer depending on the solvent and the polymer matrix.
Serious Infections Caused by Bacillus Species (1987)

Thirty-eight patients with serious infections caused by organisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are described. Our experience, and that reported in the literature, indicates that, in most cases, isolated Bacillus bacteremia is not a particularly serious disease. Therefore, under most circumstances, empiric antibiotic therapy designed specifically for treatment of Bacillus is probably not necessary. Endocarditis can occur, but apparently follows bacteremia only infrequently. When these bacteria cause localized infection such as pneumonia, pan-ophthalmitis, visceral abscess, or musculoskeletal infections, tissue necrosis and profound morbidity are the rule. The frequency of these complications following bacteremia appears to be low but cannot be estimated from our experience or that reported in the literature reviewed. The role of intravascular devices and trauma as predisposing factors is emphasized. Immunocompromised hosts and intravenous drug abusers appear predisposed, but intravascular devices in the former group may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Bacillus infections. Antibiotics which appear especially useful in the treatment of Bacillus infections are clindamycin and vancomycin, to which the vast majority of strains are susceptible in vitro. Beta-lactam antibiotics, including the new cephalosporins and penicillins, are of little value in this setting.
Suppression of relaxation oscillations in tunable fiber lasers with a nonlinear amplified loop mirror (1995)

The concept of relaxation oscillation damping in a tunable fiber laser with a nonlinear absorber or loss element is demonstrated, using a dual-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser. A nonlinear amplified loop mirror was employed as the nonlinear loss element to facilitate damping. Experimental results exhibiting complete elimination of relaxation oscillations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Observation of a reaction front in the bulk catalytic hydrogenation of a polyolefin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of a reaction front in the bulk catalytic hydrogenation of a polyolefinLaura R. Gilliom and Kevin G. HonnellCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 22, 6066–6068Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00048a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00048a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling frequency-dependent conductor losses and dispersion in serial data channel interconnects (2007)

Models of transmission lines and transitions accurate over 5-6 frequency decades are required to simulate interconnects for multi-gigabit serial data channels. Extremely broadband modeling of conductor properties for such high-speed channels is a particularly challenging task for electromagnetic tools. This paper discusses the conductor effects in general and the approximations used in different simulation technologies and tools.
Hydroxypropylcellulose Films as Alignment Layers for Liquid Crystals (1999)

Homogeneous surface alignment of liquid crystals (5CB) is observed for films formed by coating with aqueous solutions of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) for high coating speeds and thin coating thicknesses. On the other hand, for films formed with isotropic ethanol solutions of HPC, 5CB molecules retain the flow-induced alignment created at the formation of the 5CB droplet. The microstructures responsible for the homogeneous surface alignment are not confirmed in the morphological measurement of the film surface with an atomic force microscope, although large grooves corresponding to the banded texture perpendicular to the coating direction exist on the films formed with liquid crystalline solutions of HPC. The possibility of highly oriented HPC molecules in the coating flow is pointed out using the Doi model. These results suggest that the flow-induced anisotropic orientation of HPC molecules is responsible for the homogeneous surface alignment of 5CB.
Partial Correction of Sensitivity to Oxidant Stress in Friedreich Ataxia Patient Fibroblasts by Frataxin-Encoding Adeno-Associated Virus and Lentivirus Vectors (2005)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) sensory neurons are directly involved in the pathophysiology of a number of debilitating inherited and acquired neurological conditions. The lack of effective treatments for many such conditions provides a strong rationale for exploring novel therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy. Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), a sensory neuropathy, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with a loss of large sensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglia. Because a mouse model for this well-characterized disease has been generated, we elected to use FRDA as a model disease. In previous studies we achieved efficient and sustained delivery of a reporter gene to PNS sensory neurons, using recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) and lentiviral (LV) vectors. In the current study, AAV and LV vectors encoding the human frataxin cDNA were constructed and assessed for frataxin expression and function in primary FRDA patient fibroblast cell lines. FRDA fibroblasts have been shown to exhibit subtle biochemical changes, including increased mitochondrial iron and sensitivity to oxidant stress. Despite the inherent difficulty in working with primary cells, transduction of patient fibroblasts with either vector resulted in the expression of appropriately localized frataxin and partial reversal of phenotype.