gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the priming effect of human interferon-gamma, -alpha, and -beta on synergism with muramyl dipeptide analog for anti-tumor expression of human blood monocytes. (1986)

Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy volunteers were not cytotoxic to allogeneic A375 melanoma cells, but they were activated to the cytotoxic state by incubation in vitro with either des-methyl muramyl dipeptide (norMDP; minimal effective dose, 0.5 micrograms/ml) or recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma; minimal effective dose, 1 U/ml). A combination of subthreshold concentrations of these agents (norMDP, 0.5 micrograms/ml; rIFN-gamma, 10 U/ml) also induced significant cytotoxicity, indicating that the effects of norMDP and rIFN-gamma in monocyte activation are synergistic. Natural human IFN-gamma (nIFN-gamma) and norMDP also had similar synergistic effects. Pretreatment of rIFN-gamma with anti-IFN-gamma antibody completely inhibited its synergistic effect with norMDP in monocyte activation. Because pretreatment of rIFN-gamma and norMDP with polymyxin B did not interfere with their effects in monocyte activation, the preparations were not contaminated with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, because pretreatment of monocyte monolayers with anti-Leu-11b antibody (anti-natural killer (NK) cell antibody) and complement did not interfere with the synergistic effects of norMDP and rIFN-gamma, whereas pretreatment with anti-Leu-M1 antibody (anti-monocyte antibody) caused complete inhibition of their effects, the observed tumor cytotoxicity of monocyte-rich monolayers was probably not due to a small number of adherent NK cells, but to the stimulation of the monocytes. Natural and recombinant IFN-alpha and IFN-beta at concentrations of greater than or equal to 100 U/ml also induced tumoricidal activity of monocytes, but unlike IFN-gamma, their effects were additive with norMDP, and they had less priming effect than IFN-gamma when they were added before norMDP to monocytes. These findings suggest that recombinant human IFN-gamma has much more synergistic potential with norMDP than IFN-alpha or IFN-beta, and this synergism of rIFN-gamma and norMDP for monocyte activation could be of clinical value in treatment of disseminated malignant diseases, because these compounds are readily available at standardized concentrations.
Mammalian Antifertility Agents. II. Basic Ethers of 3,4-Diphenylcoumarins<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMammalian Antifertility Agents. II. Basic Ethers of 3,4-Diphenylcoumarins1Daniel Lednicer, Stanley C. Lyster, and Gordon W. DuncanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 725–726Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a047Request reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (209 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-yield synthesis of single-crystal silicon nanoparticles as anode materials of lithium ion batteries via photosensitizer-assisted laser pyrolysis (2014)

Single crystal silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) of 20 nm were produced via laser pyrolysis with a virtually complete conversion from SiH4 to Si-NPs. SF6 was used as the photosensitizer to transfer laser beam energy to silicon precursors, dramatically enhancing crystallinity of Si-NPs and their production efficiency. By using their well-developed crystalline structure, the directional volume expansion of Si-NPs was confirmed during lithiation. Lithiation/delithiation kinetics of our Si-NPs was superior to that of their amorphous counterparts due to the footprinted Li+ pathways formed during amorphization.
Aging Pathways for Organophosphate-Inhibited Human Butyrylcholinesterase, Including Novel Pathways for Isomalathion, Resolved by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Some organophosphorus compounds are toxic because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by phosphylation of the active site serine, forming a stable conjugate: Ser-O-P(O)-(Y)-(XR) (where X can be O, N, or S and Y can be methyl, OR, or SR). The inhibited enzyme can undergo an aging process, during which the X-R moiety is dealkylated by breaking either the P-X or the X-R bond depending on the specific compound, leading to a nonreactivatable enzyme. Aging mechanisms have been studied primarily using AChE. However, some recent studies have indicated that organophosphate-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) may age through an alternative pathway. Our work utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study the aging mechanism of human BChE inhibited by dichlorvos, echothiophate, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), isomalathion, soman, sarin, cyclohexyl sarin, VX, and VR. Inhibited BChE was aged in the presence of H2O18 to allow incorporation of (18)O, if cleavage was at the P-X bond. Tryptic-peptide organophosphate conjugates were identified through peptide mass mapping. Our results showed no aging of VX- and VR-treated BChE at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0. However, BChE inhibited by dichlorvos, echothiophate, DFP, soman, sarin, and cyclohexyl sarin aged exclusively through O-C bond cleavage, i.e., the classical X-R scission pathway. In contrast, isomalathion aged through both X-R and P-X pathways; the main aged product resulted from P-S bond cleavage and a minor product resulted from O-C and/or S-C bond cleavage.
Mutations in<i>CYP24A1</i>and Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia (2011)

The presence of CYP24A1 mutations explains the increased sensitivity to vitamin D in patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia and is a genetic risk factor for the development of symptomatic hypercalcemia that may be triggered by vitamin D prophylaxis in otherwise apparently healthy infants.
Expression in Escherichia coli and a Functional Study of a β-Troponin T 25 kDa Fragment of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle (1992)

A 25 kDa fragment of beta-type troponin T (beta-TnT) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its function as a component of the regulatory system for actomyosin ATPase was compared with that of the authentic counterpart, the full length alpha-TnT. The expressed species, designated as beta-TnT(N'-208), consists of 208 residues. It lacks the entire variable region at the amino-terminus and, near the carboxyl-terminus, a segment of 14 residues is changed from the alpha-type to the beta-type sequence. Functional tests indicated that the truncated beta-TnT was not distinguishable from the full length alpha-TnT, suggesting that neither deletion of the variable N-terminal region nor alteration of the type has a significant effect on the regulatory action of TnT.
Optimum filter design for partial-response class-IV transmission systems (2003)

The design of a mixed digital/analog transmit filter and a variable analog receive filter for partial-response class-IV signaling over metallic cables is discussed. Optimum filters are analytically determined for maximum cable length and additive Gaussian noise. Since the transfer function of the overall channel is given, these filters are independent of crosstalk. The optimum filter characteristics are approximated by those of single realizable filters. A simple analog equalizer section with independently controllable bandwidth and gain parameters is optimized by simulated annealing so that it could best compensate for variations of cable length when used as part of the receive filter. Simulated annealing is also employed to determine the remaining fixed section of the receive filter and the analog transmit filter. The digital section of the transmit filter is designed to achieve precise signal shaping over the considered range of cable lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Efficiency InGaN/GaN Light Emitters Based on Nanophotonics and Plasmonics (2009)

We report novel methods to enhance light emission efficiencies from InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) based on nanophotonics and plasmonics. First, the nanoscopic optical properties were observed and characterized based on the carrier localization and the quantum confinement Stark effect depending on the In composition of InGaN. Based on the results, we proposed that the emission efficiencies should be improved by making nanostructures, and showed actual enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) intensities by using fabricated random nanodisk and arrayed nanopillar structures. Moreover, surface plasmon (SP) coupling technique was used to enhance blue and green light emissions from InGaN/GaN QWs. We obtained a 14-fold increase in the PL intensity along with a 7-fold increase in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of light emission from InGaN/GaN when nanostructured Ag layers were deposited 10 nm above the QWs. The possible enhancement mechanism was discussed and reproduced by using the 3-D finite-difference time-domain simulations. Electron-hole pairs in InGaN QWs couple to electron oscillations at the metal surface and produce SPs instead of photons or phonons. This new path increases the spontaneous emission rate and the IQEs. The SP-emitter coupling technique would lead to superbright and high-speed solid-state light-emitting devices that offer realistic alternatives to conventional fluorescent light sources.
Validation of an Automatic Crackle (Rale) Counter (1989)

Crackles are commonly used in clinical decision-making, and in certain diseases the number of crackles reflects the severity of the illness. Auditory crackle estimations are subjective; crackle counting from time amplitude plots of sound (called time-expanded waveforms) is more objective but is cumbersome. We devised a computer-based system to count crackles automatically. One hundred samples of lung sounds from 41 subjects were recorded using an electret microphone air-coupled to the chest wall. Interobserver agreement in estimating the number of crackles per breath was high (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001), and these counts were significantly correlated with counts made of spikelike deflections seen on time-expanded waveform analysis (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). The automatic crackle counting correlated with the physician counts (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001). The average number of crackles counted per breath was greater by visual inspiration (8.8) and by automatic analysis (7.8) than it was by the physician observers (5.8). Reasons for the discrepancies include the fact that there are no absolute criteria for crackles and that rapidly occurring crackles are difficult to count by ear. Counting crackles by computer-based methods is feasible and can improve noninvasive cardiopulmonary diagnosis.
Metal binding stoichiometry and mechanism of metal ion modulation of the activity of porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase (1981)

Porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase has been obtained from commercial sources as in inhomogeneous preparation with variable metal content and purified by affinity chromatography over L-leucylglycyl-AH-Sepharose. Treatment with Zn2+ followed by gel filtration restores the Zn2+ content of the native enzyme, which is 6 mol of Zn2+ per hexamer, each of which is located in a single catalytic binding site per subunit. The activity of the native enzyme is modulated by incubation with divalent metal ions; it is activated by Mn2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+. These metals modulate the activity by binding to a separate site on each subunit, referred to as the regulatory site. Binding of these metals at the regulatory site alters the activity of the enzyme by changing kcat, leaving KM unaltered. The number and nature of the metal binding sites of porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase are very similar to those of the enzyme from bovine lens.
Indoor ranging and localisation algorithm based on received signal strength indicator using statistic parameters for wireless sensor networks (2015)

This paper addresses the implementation of indoor real‐time localisation system (RLTS) using wireless sensor networks. A RLTS consists of anchor nodes (i.e. nodes with fixed and known locations), beacon nodes and a location engine: the beacon node to be localised sends a packet which is captured from some anchor nodes, the anchor nodes forward the information extracted from the packet to the location engine for the estimation of the position of the transmitting beacon node. The authors present an algorithm that achieves beacon node localisation accuracy of a few metres in indoor environments. The algorithm is based on two steps: in the first step, the algorithm computes the ranging between anchor nodes and beacon node, in the second one, the algorithm estimates the beacon node localisation. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is used for the ranging estimation. The proposed approach avoids dedicated and expensive devices, which are used for the synchronisation between beacon and anchor nodes, to compute the time‐of‐flight of the signal. The authors introduce a confidence parameter for improving accuracy (based on the standard deviation of the RSSI), and an anchor nodes selection strategy for tackling the problem of non‐line‐of‐sight communication between nodes.
Influence of Future Fuel Formulations on Diesel Engine Emissions - A Joint European Study (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Future fuel formulations including classic refining schemes (hydrotreatment) and synthetic blending stocks like Fischer-Tropsch, oligomerate and high cetane linear ethers were tested for their impact on diesel emissions in various engine conditions (transient and cold operations).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">CO, HC, Aldehyde, Particulate and PAH emissions are highly sensitive to fuel quality whereas NOx emissions are only slightly modified.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Very low level of pollutants is obtained with the Fischer-Tropsch fuel. Oligomerisation fuel induces an increase in CO, HC, aldehyde emissions due to its very low cetane number but presents low emissions of particulates and smoke because of its paraffinic composition. Pentyl ether behaves essentially as a high cetane paraffinic hydrocarbon. The relationships between fuel parameters and emissions were also assessed:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">CO, HC and aldehyde emissions depend on the cetane number.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Particulates, IOF, smoke and PAHs are controlled by aromatic content and density.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Density also controlled NOx emissions but with far less variation.</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel quality can also help to reach a better NOx/particulates trade-off with EGR. Tall-oil methyl ester containing fuel offers a good potential for low emissions because of the beneficial effect of oxygen on particulates.</div>
Chirotechnology: Industrial Synthesis of Optically Active Compounds (1993)

Introduction to optical isomerism chirality and biological activity synthetic methodology fermentation processes the chirality pool racemate resolution via crystallization enzymatic transformations catalytic asymmetric synthesis industrial processes - comparing different approaches epilogue - future prospects.
Almost all primes can be quickly certified (1986)

This paper presents a new probabilistie primality test. Upon termination the test outputs "composite" or "prime", along with a short proof of correctness, which can be verified in deterministic polynomial time. The test is different from the tests of Miller [M], Solovay-Strassen [SSI, and Rabin [R] in that its assertions of primality are certain, rather than being correct with high probability or dependent on an unproven assumption.
A phase II study of XL999 in patients (pts) with NSCLC (2007)

18112 Background: XL999 is a potent spectrum-selective inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR2/KDR, FGFR1/3, PDGFR-β, FLT3, RET, KIT, & SRC. A Ph 1 clinical study in pts w/advanced malignancies evaluating weight-based (0.2 - 6.4 mg/kg) & fixed dose (200 mg & 160 mg) XL999 administered by 4hr IV infusion on a wkly or every other wk schedule has shown preliminary evidence of anti- tumor activity (3 PRs & 10 pts w/SD lasting 3–26 + months). The safety profile was characterized by hypertension & cardiovascular changes including EKG, LVEF decrease &/or cardiac enzyme elevation following 1 st dose administration. DLTs were cardiac failure & transaminase elevation. A dose of 2.4 mg/kg/wk was selected for phase II evaluation. Methods: The 1 objectives of this phase II study are to determine the RR & to further evaluate the safety & tolerability of XL999. Adult pts w/NSCLC (stage IIIB with malignant effusion, stage IV, or recurrent) & previously treated with no more than 2 prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens, including a platinum-or taxane-containing regimen, & no more than one prior target agent targeting VEGF or EGFR, are eligible. Additional inclusion criteria include ECOG PS 0–1 & absence of known brain metastases. Pts with LVEF<50% or below lower limits of normal or with significant cardiovascular abnormalities are excluded. Tumor response is assessed every 8 wks by RECIST criteria. XL999 is administered wkly at 2.4 mg/kg as a 4hr IV infusion. Results: Nine pts received XL999. Three pts remain on study drug. One pt has a confirmed PR with complete resolution of a 2cm lung nodule. Another has a total reduction of 23% in multiple hepatic lesions (by RECIST). A third pt continues with SD for 3.5 months. Six pts with PD are discontinued. AEs reported in at least 2 pts were grade 1 diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, & dizziness. Grade 3 AEs included 1 report each of N/V. No Grade 4 or 5 AEs or serious cardiac AEs have been reported. Conclusions: Wkly IV dose at 2.4 mg/kg appears generally well-tolerated & shows preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity in advanced NSCLC pts refractory to multiple prior anti-cancer therapies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Procjena proksemickih odnosa u glumackom filmskom govoru (2005)

This research was aimed at investigating the extent to which voice extracted from short clips of American and Croatian films can help in determining the following: the actual distance between the communicating persons, their communicative relation and social status, whether the communication takes place inside or outside, in small or large space, whether the participants are standing still or moving around and whether their speech is natural or unnatural in relation to the situation. The control group (audiovisual stimulus) and the experimental group (auditive stimulus) evaluated 42 speech stimuli from American and Croatian films. The results showed that the actual distance and communicative relations are equally well estimated in the speech of both the American and the Croatian film. Social status is more successfully estimated in the Croatian film. In the categories inside-outside, small space-large space and being still-moving around the sound recording technique played an important role thus making it hard to obtain objective results based on the auditive evaluation alone. The controls perceived the speech of the American film as more natural than the speech in the Croatian film, while the experimental group estimated them both as speech between natural and unnatural.
Species identification of enterococci via intergenic ribosomal PCR (1997)

Accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically important, inherently vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Using a collection of enterococcal strains, we found that PCR amplification of the intergenic spacer (ITS-PCR) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes can produce amplicon profiles characteristic of the enterococcus examined. The species examined were group I enterococci (Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Enterococcus pseudoavium), group II enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii, and Enterococcus gallinarum), and group III enterococci (Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae). The enterococcal species in group I, as well as E. faecalis and two strains of E. hirae, were similar and therefore had to be differentiated from each other by Sau3A restriction digests. This produced patterns characteristic of each of these species. The remaining group II and group III enterococcal species produced amplicons characteristic of a particular species except E. gallinarum. The PCR products from E. gallinarum displayed strain-to-strain heterogeneity in the number and size of amplicons. To further test the utility of this technique, 11 phenotypically aberrant strains which had been assigned species identification based on Facklam and Collins-type strain reactions (R.R. Facklam and M.D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) were subjected to ITS-PCR. ITS-PCR of the phenotypically aberrant strains identified six strains with reactions consistent with those of type strains. However, five strains were characterized as follows: two strains originally identified as E. mundtii were identified by ITS-PCR as E. casseliflavus, one strain originally identified as E. raffinosus was identified by ITS-PCR as E. durans, one strain originally identified as E. hirae was identified by ITS-PCR as E. faecium [corrected]. We conclude that amplification of the intergenic 23S and 16S rRNA gene regions of enterococci provides a reliable technique for species identification of enterococci.
What we do and do not know about the menstrual cycle or, questions scientists could be asking (1995)

The objective of this paper is to consider from a public health perspective the types of questions researchers might be asking about the relationship between menstrual function and women’s health, and to evaluate to the extent to which these questions have or have not been addressed by the scientific community. Based on the findings in this report, it is obvious that a comprehensive program of research is needed in order to begin filling the myriad gaps in scientific knowledge about the menstrual cycle. Given the lack of knowledge about many fundamental aspects of menstrual function and about linkages between the menstrual cycle and other physiologic systems, the importance of conducting basic research cannot be underestimated. The report offers specific recommendations for research priorities.