gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Recombinant Fowlpox Vaccine on the Efficacy of Adoptive Cell Therapy With Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma (2009)

A patient with metastatic melanoma who had progressive disease after prior surgical resections, high dose interleukin-2, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody received sequential treatments with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that recognized the gp100 melanocyte differentiation antigen. Although no clinical response was seen when cells were administered alone, an objective clinical response to therapy was seen with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes administered together with a highly immunogenic fowlpox vaccine expressing a gp100: 209-217 (210M) epitope. Persistence of the transferred antigen-specific lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was observed only after adoptive cell therapy plus administration of vaccine. Cell proliferation in vitro was further stimulated by additional vaccine and interleukin-2. The patient has an ongoing partial response at 10 months after the last treatment.
A History of Twentieth Century Translation Theory and Its Application to Bible Translation (2013)

This article studies the development of twentieth century translation theory. This was a period during which significant theoretical contributions were made in both secular and Bible translation circles. These contributions have had a profound impact on the practice of translation throughout the twentieth century and since. The individuals who contributed to the present state of translation theory worked in both secular and Bible translation circles and this article examines contributions from both. A select history of theoretical developments, focusing on the most important ideas relevant to Bible translation work is given in order to examine the impact of such theories in the practice of Bible translation. These include the philosophical approaches of the early twentieth century; the linguistic era of the 1950s and 1960s; the rise of functionalism and descriptive translation studies; and, finally, the emergence of postcolonial and related foreignising approaches.
Digital art 2.0 (2008)

In this paper, we describe a review of existing Web 2.0 applications and the current or potential usability of them during the lifecycle of digital art projects. More specifically, we outline the characteristics of the various digital art categories, and the features that need to be supported. Afterwards, we present a classification of Web 2.0 applications and we show how they can support the digital art projects in all categories and lifecycle steps, esp. regarding collaboration, as well as some future potentials.
Inhibitor Resistance in the KPC-2 β-Lactamase, a Preeminent Property of This Class A β-Lactamase (2009)

As resistance determinants, KPC beta-lactamases demonstrate a wide substrate spectrum that includes carbapenems, oxyimino-cephalosporins, and cephamycins. In addition, clinical strains harboring KPC-type beta-lactamases are often identified as resistant to standard beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in susceptibility testing. The KPC-2 carbapenemase presents a significant clinical challenge, as the mechanistic bases for KPC-2-associated phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate resistance by KPC-2 to beta-lactamase inhibitors by determining that clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are hydrolyzed by KPC-2 with partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios, where kinact is the rate constant of enzyme inactivation) of 2,500, 1,000, and 500, respectively. Methylidene penems that contain an sp2-hybridized C3 carboxylate and a bicyclic R1 side chain (dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3]thiazole [penem 1] and dihydropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine [penem 2]) are potent inhibitors: Km of penem 1, 0.06+/-0.01 microM, and Km of penem 2, 0.006+/-0.001 microM. We also demonstrate that penems 1 and 2 are mechanism-based inactivators, having partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios) of 250 and 50, respectively. To understand the mechanism of inhibition by these penems, we generated molecular representations of both inhibitors in the active site of KPC-2. These models (i) suggest that penem 1 and penem 2 interact differently with active site residues, with the carbonyl of penem 2 being positioned outside the oxyanion hole and in a less favorable position for hydrolysis than that of penem 1, and (ii) support the kinetic observations that penem 2 is the better inhibitor (kinact/Km=6.5+/-0.6 microM(-1) s(-1)). We conclude that KPC-2 is unique among class A beta-lactamases in being able to readily hydrolyze clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. In contrast, penem-type beta-lactamase inhibitors, by exhibiting unique active site chemistry, may serve as an important scaffold for future development and offer an attractive alternative to our current beta-lactamase inhibitors.
PDC-Bit Performance Under Simulated Borehole Conditions (1993)

Summary Laboratory drilling tests were used to investigate the effects of pressure on polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) drill-bit performance. Catoosa shale core samples were drilled with PDC and roller-cone bits at up to 1, 750-psi confining pressure. All tests were conducted in a controlled environment with a full-scale laboratory drilling system. Test results indicate, that under similar operating conditions, increases in confining pressure reduce PDC-bit performance as much as or more than conventional-rock-bit performance. Specific energy calculations indicate that a combination of rock strength, chip hold-down, and bit balling may have reduced performance. Quantifying the degree to which pressure reduces PDC-bit performance will help researchers interpret test results and improve bit designs and will help drilling engineers run PDC bits more effectively in the field.
Electric lines of force of an electrically small dipole-loop antenna array (1998)

The electric lines of force of an electrically small dipole-loop antenna array have been determined analytically for both the near- and far-fields of the array. It has been found that the behavior of the families of electric contours are dependent upon a coupling parameter, which is the ratio of the loop and dipole sizes and currents. This parameter also controls the appearance (or not) and position of the points of equilibrium for the radiated field when analyzed in a real phase plane. The electric lines of force of the dipole-loop array exhibit increased directivity in the plane of the array when the coupling parameter is purely real, indicating that the respective dipole and loop currents must be in phase quadrature for this effect to occur.
ECL—Electrochemical luminescence (2007)

Electrochemical luminescence (ECL) is the process where species generated at electrodes undergo electron transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light. Application of a voltage to an electrode in the presence of an organic or inorganic luminophore, such as diphenylanthracene (DPA) or Ru(bpy)32+ (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), results in light emission. By employing ECL-active species as labels on biological molecules, ECL has found application in commercial instruments to detect many clinically relevant analytes (e.g., immunoassays and DNA probes) at sub-picomolar concentrations. The principles, ECL emitting systems and applications are outlined in this review with a focus on discoveries made in the past few years.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Disease (1997)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than in the non-diabetic population. The incidence of CVD is not, however, related to the severity or duration of disease in most studies, suggesting that events in the prediabetic stage can trigger CVD. Several factors have been linked to CVD, including hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as defined by the oral glucose tolerance test, is a strong predictor of NIDDM. In addition, IGT and raised glycated haemoglobin levels are possible risk factors for CVD. Hyperinsulinaemia has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but this has yet to be confirmed in women. There is also evidence to link insulin resistance with increased cardiovascular risk, although the precise nature of this relationship is unclear. There are many risk factors associated with CVD that are probably working in concert in NIDDM. This makes assessment of risk posed by individual factors, such as hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin sensitivity, difficult.
DeepWiFi: Cognitive WiFi with Deep Learning (2019)

We present the DeepWiFi protocol, which hardens the baseline WiFi (IEEE 802.11ac) with deep learning and sustains high throughput by mitigating out-of-network interference. DeepWiFi is interoperable with baseline WiFi and builds upon the existing WiFi's PHY transceiver chain without changing the MAC frame format. Users run DeepWiFi for: i) RF front end processing; ii) spectrum sensing and signal classification; iii) signal authentication; iv) channel selection and access; v) power control; vi) modulation and coding scheme (MCS) adaptation; and vii) routing. DeepWiFi mitigates the effects of probabilistic, sensing-based, and adaptive jammers. RF front end processing applies a deep learning-based autoencoder to extract spectrum-representative features. Then a deep neural network is trained to classify waveforms reliably as idle, WiFi, or jammer. Utilizing channel labels, users effectively access idle or jammed channels, while avoiding interference with legitimate WiFi transmissions (authenticated by machine learning-based RF fingerprinting) resulting in higher throughput. Users optimize their transmit power for low probability of intercept/detection and their MCS to maximize link rates used by backpressure algorithm for routing. Supported by embedded platform implementation, DeepWiFi provides major throughput gains compared to baseline WiFi and another jamming-resistant protocol, especially when channels are likely to be jammed and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio is low.
Lipid activation of the signal recognition particle receptor provides spatial coordination of protein targeting (2010)

The signal recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor comprise the major cellular machinery that mediates the cotranslational targeting of proteins to cellular membranes. It remains unclear how the delivery of cargos to the target membrane is spatially coordinated. We show here that phospholipid binding drives important conformational rearrangements that activate the bacterial SRP receptor FtsY and the SRP-FtsY complex. This leads to accelerated SRP-FtsY complex assembly, and allows the SRP-FtsY complex to more efficiently unload cargo proteins. Likewise, formation of an active SRP-FtsY GTPase complex exposes FtsY's lipid-binding helix and enables stable membrane association of the targeting complex. Thus, membrane binding, complex assembly with SRP, and cargo unloading are inextricably linked to each other via conformational changes in FtsY. These allosteric communications allow the membrane delivery of cargo proteins to be efficiently coupled to their subsequent unloading and translocation, thus providing spatial coordination during protein targeting.
Synthesis of Sulfonium Sulfate Analogues of Disaccharides and Their Conversion to Chain-Extended Homologues of Salacinol: New Glycosidase Inhibitors (2006)

Four chain extended homologues of salacinol, a naturally occurring glycosidase inhibitor, were prepared for evaluation as inhibitors of glucosidase enzymes involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates. The syntheses involved the reactions of 1,4-anhydro-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-D-arabinitol with cyclic sulfate derivatives of different monosaccharides. Debenzylation of the products afforded the novel sulfonium sulfate derivatives of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-arabinose, and D-xylose that are of interest in their own right as glycosidase inhibitors. Reduction to the corresponding alditols then afforded the homologues of salacinol containing polyhydroxylated, acyclic chains of 5- and 6-carbons, differing in stereochemistry at the stereogenic centers. Three of the chain-extended homologues inhibited recombinant human maltase glucoamylase, one of the key intestinal enzymes involved in the breakdown of glucose oligosaccharides in the small intestine, with Ki values in the low micromolar range, of approximately the same magnitude as salacinol, thus providing lead candidates for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Synthesis of novel 2-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones using Heck reaction in ‘green’ reaction media (2006)

1,4-Naphthoquinones have been known to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer and antifungal activities. An efficient, environmentally friendly two step process for synthesizing various 2-substituted 1,4naphthoquinones is described, starting from 2-bromonaphthalene and olefinic substrates using the Heck reaction in an ionic liquid (IL) followed by oxidation. It provides for a rapid and "green" methodology for the synthesis of the biologically active 2-substituted 1,4naphthoquinones.
Auto-fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy for prostate cancer detection: an optical biopsy approach (2012)

We report the use of auto-fluorescence lifetime as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis. 23 human ex-vivo prostates were measured post prostatectomy, and compared with histology. Significant differences in cancer and benign tissue were identified.
Expression of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein(MRP), c-myc and c-fos in L1210 Cells (1997)

The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study The gene expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), c-myc and c-fos were investigated in L1210 cells. Adriamycin- or vincristine-resistant L1210 cells, L1210AdR or L1210VcR, respectively, has been identified to overexpression of mdr1 gene. The expression leve of MRP gene in L1210AdR and L1210Cis was more decreased than that in L1210 cells. The c-myc and c-fos genes were expressed both in L1210 and resistant sublines. In L1210AdR, the expressions level of c-myc and c-fos genes were decreased than in L1210. However, in L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fosgene expressionwere rather increased than L1210. These results suggested that MRP does not contribute in resistance of drug-resistant L1210 cells and there is no relations between MRP and mdr1 gene expression. The expression of c-myc and c-fos gene may be changed during transformation of L1210 to drug-resistant sublines.
Constitutive and inducible type 1 ribosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) in elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) (1998)

Two novel highly basic type 1 (single chain) ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) with N-glycosidase activity have been found in elderberries (the fruits of Sambucus nigra L.). Mass spectrometry of these RIPs, which we named nigritins f1 and f2, gave Mr values of 24095 and 23 565, respectively. Both proteins strongly inhibited protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates but were inactive against plant ribosomes. Both nigritins have a similar topological activity on pBlueScript SK+ DNA as that displayed by dianthin 30. Nigritin f1 is a constitutive RIP since it is present in both green and mature intact elderberries at nearly the same proportion with respect to total fruit protein. By contrast, nigritin f2 is inducible and only appeared in mature intact elderberries. Elderberries also contain two isoforms of a basic nigrin equivalent to the recently found basic nigrin b in elder bark (De Benito et al., FEBS Letters 413 (1997) 85-91). Our results indicate that probably not all plant RIPs exert the same biological function and that this may be determined by the physiological state of the tissue.
Nutritional Supplements to Increase Muscle Mass (1999)

Although nutritional supplements purported to increase muscle mass are widely available at health food stores, gyms, by mail order, and over the Internet, many of these supplements have little or no data to support their claims. This article reviews the theory and research behind popular nutritional supplements commonly marketed as muscle mass builders. Included are the minerals chromium, vanadyl sulfate, and boron, the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), beta-methyl-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine, protein supplements, and amino acids. Research has shown that chromium vanadyl sulfate, and boron do not appear to be effective in increasing lean body mass. The few studies examining DHEA have not supported the claim of increased muscle gain. Preliminary work on HMB supports an anticatabolic effect, but only one human study is currently available. Many studies reported increased body mass and several have reported increased lean body mass following creatine ingestion. This weight gain is most likely water retention in muscle but could also be due to some new muscle protein. Although athletes have a greater protein requirement than sedentary individuals, this is easily obtained through the diet, negating the use of protein supplements. Studies on amino acids have not supported their claim to increase growth hormone or insulin secretion. Nutritional supplements can be marketed without FDA approval of safety or effectiveness. Athletes who choose to ingest these supplements should be concerned with unsubstantiated claims, questionable quality control, and safety of long-term use.
A new chapter (2016)

This is Ben's story. He receives assistance from the Vinnies Soup Van and wanted to share his story to highlight the financial constraints of single parenting and housing insecurity.
Biometric touchscreen gets to grips with your prints (2013)

Christian Holz of the Hasso Plattner Institute in Potsdam Germany and colleague Patrick Baudisch built the screen to overcome a major drawback with current displays: they emit light but cannot sense it. The researchers created their prototype using a glass screen comprised entirely of millions of 3-mm-long optical fibers bundled together vertically into a single flat platter. Early tests have been encouraging, Holz says, with fingerprint recognition accuracy up to FBI standards.
A circuit for navigation in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2005)

Caenorhabditis elegans explores its environment by interrupting its forward movement with occasional turns and reversals. Turns and reversals occur at stable frequencies but irregular intervals, producing probabilistic exploratory behaviors. Here we dissect the roles of individual sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in exploratory behaviors under different conditions. After animals are removed from bacterial food, they initiate a local search behavior consisting of reversals and deep omega-shaped turns triggered by AWC olfactory neurons, ASK gustatory neurons, and AIB interneurons. Over the following 30 min, the animals disperse as reversals and omega turns are suppressed by ASI gustatory neurons and AIY interneurons. Interneurons and motor neurons downstream of AIB and AIY encode specific aspects of reversal and turn frequency, amplitude, and directionality. SMD motor neurons help encode the steep amplitude of omega turns, RIV motor neurons specify the ventral bias of turns that follow a reversal, and SMB motor neurons set the amplitude of sinusoidal movement. Many of these sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons are also implicated in chemotaxis and thermotaxis. Thus, this circuit may represent a common substrate for multiple navigation behaviors.
Efflux of methotrexate and its polyglutamate derivatives from hepatic cells in vitro. (1981)

Abstract The efflux of methotrexate and methotrexate polyglutamates was examined with primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and also with monolayer cultures of a stable hepatocarcinoma cell line (H35 cells). In this study, the polyglutamates were considered as those species with two or more additional glutamate residues. When methotrexate polyglutamates were present in hepatocytes in excess of methotrexate, efflux led to a further increase in the intracellular proportion of polyglutamates and a selective loss of methotrexate. The same was observed when methotrexate was the predominant intracellular species at the onset of efflux. In both cases, there was as low liberation of intact methotrexate polyglutamates. These results demonstrate that both methotrexate and methotrexate polyglutamates can cross the cell membrane but that methotrexate does so much more rapidly, resulting in selective retention of methotrexate polyglutamate derivatives. Similar studies were conducted with H35 cells. When methotrexate polyglutamates were the predominant intracellular species (85% of the total methotrexate), there was a slow release of methotrexate polyglutamates. This was accompanied by approximately two-fold more rapid release of methotrexate. The latter was derived from the methotrexate polyglutamate pool since, during the course of efflux (six hr), the intracellular methotrexate concentration was constant, and the polyglutamates gradually decreased. This demonstrates that intact methotrexate polyglutamates can leave the cells, but this is probably not as rapid in H35 cells as cleavage to methotrexate and subsequent efflux. Examination of the initial rate of efflux of methotrexate polyglutamates and methotrexate under similar conditions in H35 cells demonstrates that the rate of methotrexate efflux is nearly 70 times more rapid than the rate of polyglutamate efflux. Similar studies in hepatocytes indicate not less than a 10-fold more rapid efflux of methotrexate. The rate of efflux of the polyglutamate was nearly the same in hepatocytes and H35 cells. Measurements of cell permeability during efflux showed no change in trypan blue uptake with either cell type, indicating that the loss of methotrexate and its polyglutamate derivatives did not appear to be due to cell fragility. Hepatocytes and H35 cells that were made permeable (90% permeable by trypan blue uptake) by lysolecithin treatment lost approximately 85% of the total intracellular methotrexate including polyglutamates within 2 min. There was no retention of any of the methotrexate species, indicating that the selective retention of methotrexate polyglutamates in untreated cells was due to reduced permeability.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTIONS ON THE BUCKLING AND POSTBUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF FIBER-REINFORCED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER UNIFORM AXIAL COMPRESSION (1968)

Abstract : The effect of initial geometric imperfections on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of composite cylindrical shells subjected to uniform axial compression is studied in this report. The solution is obtained by employing von Karman-Donnell nonlinear strain-displacement relations and the principle of stationary potential energy. Numerical results are given for various fiber orientations in the three-layer shell consisting of either glass-epoxy or boron-epoxy composites, with different initial imperfections. Results indicate that the boron-epoxy composite shells are less imperfection sensitive than the glass-epoxy composite shells. Isotropic shells are found to be more imperfection sensitive than composite shells. It is noticed that the increase or decrease in the classical buckling load with change in fiber orientation is generally accompanied by a decrease or increase in imperfection sensitivity of the shell.
Upper and Lower Solutions Method for Darboux Problem for Fractional Order Implicit Impulsive Partial Hyperbolic Differential Equations (2012)

summary:In this paper we investigate the existence of solutions for the initial value problems (IVP for short), for a class of implicit impulsive hyperbolic differential equations by using the lower and upper solutions method combined with Schauder’s fixed point theorem.