gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence of magmatic events in the Late Paleozoic of Transbaikalia, Russia (U-Pb isotope data) (2010)

Abstract The Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks, mostly granitoids, totally occupy more than 200,000 km2 on the territory of Transbaikalia. Isotopic U-Pb zircon dating (about 30 samples from the most typical plutons) shows that the Late Paleozoic magmatic cycle lasted for 55–60 m.y., from ~330 Ma to ~275 Ma. During this time span, five intrusive suites were emplaced throughout the region. The earliest are high-K calc-alkaline granites (330–310 Ma) making up the Angara–Vitim batholith of 150,000 km2 in area. At later stages, formation of geochemically distinct intrusive suites occurred with total or partial overlap in time. In the interval of 305–285 Ma two suites were emplaced: calc-alkaline granitoids with decreased SiO2 content (the Chivyrkui suite of quartz monzonite and granodiorite) and the Zaza suite comprising transitional from calc-alkaline to alkaline granite and quartz syenite. At the next stage, in the interval of 285–278 Ma the shoshonitic Low Selenga suite made up of monzonite, syenite and alkali rich microgabbro was formed; this suite was followed, with significant overlap in time (281–276 Ma), by emplacement of Early Kunalei suite of alkaline (alkali feldspar) and peralkaline syenite and granite. Concurrent emplacement of distinct plutonic suites suggests simultaneous magma generation at different depth and, possibly, from different sources. Despite complex sequence of formation of Late Paleozoic intrusive suites, a general trend from high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline and peralkaline granitoids, is clearly recognized. New data on the isotopic U-Pb zircon age support the Rb-Sr isotope data suggesting that emplacement of large volumes of peralkaline and alkaline (alkali feldspar) syenites and granites occurred in two separate stages: Early Permian (281–278 Ma) and Late Triassic (230–210 Ma). Large volumes and specific compositions of granitoids suggest that the Late Paleozoic magmatism in Transbaikalia occurred successively in the post-collisional (330–310 Ma), transitional (305–285 Ma) and intraplate (285–275 Ma) setting.
Electrolytic Reductive Coupling (1967)

Concentrated solutions of diethyl maleate in dimethylformamide‐water containing sodium or tetraethylammonium p‐toluenesulfonate were electrolyzed at constant current. The yields of diethyl succinate and of tetraethyl butanetetracarboxylate were determined. At a given concentration of supporting cation and of bulk water less hydrodimer is formed in the presence of sodium than in the presence of tetraethylammonium cations. These results are related to previous suggestions concerning the influence of the degree of hydration of the supporting cations upon the nature of the electroreduction products.
An informed LCMV filter based on multiple instantaneous direction-of-arrival estimates (2013)

Extracting sound sources in noisy and reverberant conditions remains a challenging task that is commonly found in modern communication systems. In this work, we consider the problem of obtaining a desired spatial response for at most L simultaneously active sound sources. The proposed spatial filter is obtained by minimizing the diffuse plus self-noise power at the output of the filter subject to L linear constraints. In contrast to earlier works, the L constraints are based on instantaneous narrowband direction-of-arrival estimates. In addition, a novel estimator for the diffuse-to-noise ratio is developed that exhibits a sufficiently high temporal and spectral resolution to achieve both dereverberation and noise reduction. The presented results demonstrate that an optimal tradeoff between maximum white noise gain and maximum directivity is achieved.
Smart cameras everywhere: AI vision on edge with emerging memories (2019)

This focus paper provides an overview on the emerging area of in-memory neural vision chips for building intelligent cameras. The generalization abilities of neural networks and their close proximity to eye and sensory processing units in human brain lays foundations for building neural vision chips capable of performing object detection, classification, and predictions. In real-time settings, often the information visible to a camera does not meaningfully capture all the relevant context, object dynamics, and behaviors, making smart camera solutions complex and energy hungry. Learning from images is a continuous process in the human brain while consuming extremely low energy, and these properties have proven to be the benchmarks of the ideal neural vision chips. Offloading the intelligent data processing and image processing to edge devices using neural vision chips offers several advantages of speed, lower energy costs, and security. In practice, with emerging memory arrays, memory and computing become indistinguishable that can perform dot-product computations, store weights, and perform logic operations forming the basic blocks of building several types of neural networks useful for solving a range of computer vision problems.
Construction of a chromosome-scale long-read reference genome assembly for potato (2020)

Access to advanced sequencing technologies and improved software permitted generation of a high-quality, long-read, chromosome-scale assembly and improved annotation dataset for the reference genotype of potato that will facilitate research aimed at improving agronomic traits and understanding genome evolution.
Intraspinal Epidermoid Tumors Caused by Lumbar Puncture (1986)

It is well known that congenital intraspinal epidermoid tumors, while rare, do occur. That they may also be related to spinal puncture is less well understood. In the present article, four such cases are described, including one in which an earlier myelogram performed because of lumbar disk disease showed that no tumor was present prior to the spinal puncture. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and the probable mechanism of formation of such tumors and the means for avoiding it are discussed.
Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and <i>Clostridium difficile </i>infection (2011)

Diarrhoea, as a common side effect of antibiotics, increases treatment costs and length of stay in acute healthcare facilities. One potential strategy to prevent this side effect is the concurrent use of probiotic bacteria or yeast. This review discusses the evidence for the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infection; the potential mechanisms by which probiotics may work; their safety; what future research is required; and recommendations for use in clinical practice.
Hidden Language Impairments in Children (2004)

This study investigates the oral language skills of 8-year-old children with impaired reading comprehension. Despite fluent and accurate reading and normal nonverbal ability, these children are poor at understanding what they have read. Tasks tapping 3 domains of oral language, namely phonology, semantics, and morphosyntax, were administered, along with measures that reflect an interaction of language domains that we refer to as broader language skills. Relative to control children matched for age and decoding ability, poor comprehenders were impaired across all measures except those tapping phonological skills. In addition to low oral language ability characterizing the group as a whole, some individuals had marked language impairments; it is argued that a substantial minority can be classified as having specific language impairment. However, none of the children had been previously recognized as having a language or reading impairment. These findings demonstrate that serious reading and language impairments are not always obvious in children who have good phonological ability and appear, superficially at least, to read well.
Treatment of Male Hypogonadism With Testosterone Undecanoate Injected at Extended Intervals of 12 Weeks: A Phase II Study (2002)

This paper reports the result of an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of an injectable preparation of testosterone undecanoate (TU) dissolved in castor oil and given over a 3.2-year period. In a previous study we demonstrated that injections of TU every 6 weeks resulted in satisfactory substitution but a tendency toward testosterone accumulation. Here we investigate prolonged TU treatment at extended injection intervals in 7 hypogonadal men. Injections were given at gradually increasing intervals between the fifth and 10th injection, and from then on every 12 weeks. Steady state kinetics were obtained after the 13th injection. Well-being, sexual activity, clinical chemistry, prostate volume, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum hormone levels were monitored. Patients were clinically well-adjusted throughout the study. Before the next injection, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol levels were mostly within the normal range and showed a tendency to decrease with increasing injection intervals. Body weight, hemoglobin, serum lipids, PSA, and prostate volume did not change significantly during the 3.2 years of treatment. PSA levels were always within the normal limit. Maximal testosterone levels during steady state kinetics were measured after 1 week with 32.0 +/- 11.7 nmol/L (mean +/- SD). Before the last injection, mean testosterone concentrations were 12.6 +/- 3.7 nmol/L. Compared with conventional testosterone enanthate or cypionate treatment requiring injection intervals of 2-3 weeks and resulting in supraphysiological serum testosterone levels, injections of TU at intervals of up to 3 months offer an excellent alternative for substitution therapy of male hypogonadism.
Multitemporal Spaceborn SAR Data For Change Detection In Urban Areas : A Case Study In Shanghai (2009)

The objective of this research is to perform automatic change detection within urban areas using multitemporal spaceborne SAR datain Shanghai. Two scenes of ENVISAT ASAR C-VV images were acquired in September, 2008 and one scene of ERS-2 SAR C-VVimage was acquired in September, 1999. A generalized version of Kittler Illingworth minimum-error thresholding algorithm, thattakes into account the non-Gaussianity of SAR images, was tested to automatically classify the SAR ratio image into two classes,change and no change. Two types of comparison operators were performed. First, the conventional ratio image was calculated in away that only increases in backscatter coefficient are detected. Second, a modified ratio operator that takes into accounts bothpositive and negative changes was also examined. Various probability density functions such as, Log normal, Generalized Gaussian,Nakagami ratio, and Weibull ratio were tested to model the distribution of the change and no change classes. An iterative refinementof the Log normal model is also applied to improve the resolution of the change map. The preliminary results showed that thisunsupervised change detection algorithm is very effective in detecting temporal changes in urban areas using SAR images. The bestchange detection result was obtained using Log normal model with modified ratio operator at 81.5%, which is over 10% high thanthat of the other three models tested. The initial findings indicated that change detection accuracy varies depending on how theassumed conditional class density function fits the histograms of change and no change classes.
Circadian control of bile acid synthesis by a KLF15-Fgf15 axis (2015)

Circadian control of nutrient availability is critical to efficiently meet the energetic demands of an organism. Production of bile acids (BAs), which facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients, is a major regulator of this process. Here we identify a KLF15-Fgf15 signalling axis that regulates circadian BA production. Systemic Klf15 deficiency disrupted circadian expression of key BA synthetic enzymes, tissue BA levels and triglyceride/cholesterol absorption. Studies in liver-specific Klf15-knockout mice suggested a non-hepatic basis for regulation of BA production. Ileal Fgf15 is a potent inhibitor of BA synthesis. Using a combination of biochemical, molecular and functional assays (including ileectomy and bile duct catheterization), we identify KLF15 as the first endogenous negative regulator of circadian Fgf15 expression. Elucidation of this novel pathway controlling circadian BA production has important implications for physiologic control of nutrient availability and metabolic homeostasis.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate/Phosphate Translocator Is Required for Phenolic Metabolism, Palisade Cell Development, and Plastid-Dependent Nuclear Gene Expression (1999)

The Arabidopsis chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB) gene underexpressed 1 (cue1) mutant underexpresses light-regulated nuclear genes encoding chloroplast-localized proteins. cue1 also exhibits mesophyll-specific chloroplast and cellular defects, resulting in reticulate leaves. Both the gene underexpression and the leaf cell morphology phenotypes are dependent on light intensity. In this study, we determine that CUE1 encodes the plastid inner envelope phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT) and define amino acid residues that are critical for translocator function. The biosynthesis of aromatics is compromised in cue1, and the reticulate phenotype can be rescued by feeding aromatic amino acids. Determining that CUE1 encodes PPT indicates the in vivo role of the translocator in metabolic partitioning and reveals a mesophyll cell-specific requirement for the translocator in Arabidopsis leaves. The nuclear gene expression defects in cue1 suggest that a light intensity-dependent interorganellar signal is modulated through metabolites dependent on a plastid supply of phosphoenolpyruvate.
An epidemiological study of factors affecting serum IgG levels in dairy calves. (1985)

Serum IgG was used to evaluate the immune status of calves up to 180 days of age in 300 Norwegian dairy herds. Several factors were found to significantly affect the levels. Among these were geographical district, season, and factors related to housing and feeding.
Plasma-Enhanced ALD of TiO<sub>2</sub> Using a Novel Cyclopentadienyl Alkylamido Precursor [Ti(Cp<sup>Me</sup>)(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] and O<sub>2</sub> Plasma (2010)

Titanium oxide thin films of both amorphous and anatase morphologies have been deposited using remote plasma ALD over a wide temperature range (100-350 °C), using a novel heteroleptic alkylamido precursor Ti(CpMe)(NMe2)3. A high growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.07-0.08 nm (50 % higher than the GPC obtained with most other organometallic precursors). Films obtained were stoichiometric and of high compositional purity.
Glial cells have heart: rH1 Na channel mRNA and protein in spinal cord astrocytes (1998)

Astrocytes in vitro express several distinct voltage-sensitive sodium currents, including tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant in non-stellate astrocytes and TTX-sensitive currents in stellate astrocytes. However, the molecular identity of the underlying channels, and the mechanisms that regulate their expression, have yet to be identified. Since spinal cord astrocytes in vitro express sodium currents that are nearly ten-fold greater that those of astrocytes derived from other regions, we used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry to search for a sodium channel mRNA and protein corresponding to a TTX-resistant channel in these cells. RT-PCR did not detect transcripts for SNS, which is known to encode a TTX-resistant current in dorsal root ganglion neurons. However, RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of rH1 mRNA in cultured spinal cord astrocytes derived from postnatal day 0 (P0) Sprague Dawley rats at 7 days in vitro and in also intact spinal cords of P0 and P7 rats. Hybridization signal for rH1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization cytochemistry in most non-stellate and, at varying levels, in stellate astrocytes in these cultures. Immunocytochemical studies, utilizing a polyclonal antibody (R-12) generated against a conserved polypeptide sequence of sodium channels, demonstrated sodium channel immunoreactivity in non-stellate and stellate astrocytes in these cultures. Spinal cord cultures reacted with a rH1-specific polyclonal antibody also showed rH1 immunostaining in non-stellate and stellate astrocytes, although the intensity of the rH1 immunoreactivity in both astrocyte morphologies was attenuated compared to that observed with the R-12 generic sodium channel antibody. The presence of rH1 mRNA and protein in non-stellate astrocytes in vitro provides a possible correlate for the TTX-resistant current that has been recorded in these cells. Since TTX-resistant current is not present in stellate astrocytes, the presence of rH1 mRNA and protein in these cells suggests, in addition, that post-translational mechanisms participate in the control of sodium channel expression in these cells. GLIA 23:200–208, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Focal Dystonia in Woodwind Instrumentalists: Long-term Outcome (2003)

This study was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome in woodwind instrumentalists with focal dystonia. Occupational cramp in musicians has been recognized for 150 years, but only in the past two decades has there been a resurgence of interest in this problem. Despite its overall rarity, the diagnosis of focal dystonia is made in a substantial number of instrumental musicians seeking care for playing-related problems, ranging from 5% to 14% in three larger series. The authors present the clinical characteristics and the results of a follow-up survey of 24 woodwind instrumentalists with focal dystonia seen at their institution between 1987 and 2001. Of the 24 musicians, 15 were male, 9 female. Mean age at onset was 34 years (range 18 to 56 years). Duration of symptoms on presentation averaged 3.5 years. Of the 24, 20 were professional musicians, three music students, and one amateur. Fifteen musicians (63%) responded to the written questionnaire, another five were assessed on subsequent visits, and four were lost to follow-up. The questionnaire was administered on average 7.1 years after initial presentation. Long-term information was available on average 8.5 years after the initial onset of symptoms. The main complaint was “impaired control” of movements, in 18 (75%) affecting the limb and in six (25%) the muscles of embouchure. Four patients (22%) with limb and two (33%) with embouchure dystonia had spreading of the dystonia to other activities. In 77% of the patients abnormal involuntary movement and posturing were noted during playing the instrument. Three patients with limb dystonia experienced moderate benefit from anticholinergic treatment, in two combined with botulinum toxin injections. Another four patients indicated benefit from splinting or incidental casting of their limb. Two patients with embouchure dystonia benefited from rebuilding their embouchure. Overall, half of the patients were unable to pursue their careers as professional musicians, in equal proportions in the two groups. Focal dystonia may affect the limb or muscles of embouchure in woodwind instrumentalists. Available treatment is often of little value, and in half of the patients the dystonia leads to the end of the musical career. More effective approaches are badly needed.
Blind source separation based on subband ICA and beamforming (2000)

ICSLP2000: the 6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, October 16-20, 2000, Beijing, China.
Whispering Gallery Modes in Standard Optical Fibres for Fibre Profiling Measurements and Sensing of Unlabelled Chemical Species (2010)

Whispering gallery mode resonances in liquid droplets and microspheres have attracted considerable attention due to their potential uses in a range of sensing and technological applications. We describe a whispering gallery mode sensor in which standard optical fibre is used as the whispering gallery mode resonator. The sensor is characterised in terms of the response of the whispering gallery mode spectrum to changes in resonator size, refractive index of the surrounding medium, and temperature, and its measurement capabilities are demonstrated through application to high-precision fibre geometry profiling and the detection of unlabelled biochemical species. The prototype sensor is capable of detecting unlabelled biomolecular species in attomole quantities.
The use and standardization of multicomponent veterinary vaccines. (1986)

Farming practices necessitate the use of combined vaccines for the protection of sheep, cattle and pigs. Multi-component Clostridial vaccines have been available in veterinary medicine since the late 1950s and are standardized on the basis of antibody responses in small animals and/or challenge tests. The development of new vaccines against respiratory and enteric diseases has posed a number of standardization problems as small animal models are not readily available and antibody responses do not necessarily correlate with protection. Approaches to the standardization and use of these components will be discussed.
Out-of-plane and in-plane anisotropy of upper critical field in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MgB</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2003)

The anisotropy of the upper critical field in ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ has been investigated on single crystalline, dense polycrystalline and powder samples by both transport and magnetic measurements. On the single-crystal sample, ${H}_{c2}^{c}$ and ${H}_{c2}^{\mathrm{ab}}$ have been measured directly with applied field parallel to the c axis and ab plane. The angular dependence of ${H}_{c2}$ shows deviation from the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model at lower temperatures. On polycrystalline and powder samples, ${H}_{c2}^{c}$ and ${H}_{c2}^{\mathrm{ab}}$ have been determined by the method proposed by Bud'ko et al. The value of anisotropy parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}{=H}_{c2}^{\mathrm{ab}}{/H}_{c2}^{c}$ is temperature and sample dependent, and is about 3 and 4.5 for single and polycrystals, respectively, near ${T}_{c}.$ However, ${H}_{c2}^{c}(T)$ are almost the same for all samples. These features could be an indication of anisotropic s-wave superconductivity with pancakelike energy gap or resulted from the different impurity levels in these samples. The anisotropy of ${H}_{c2}$ in the ab plane has also been measured on single crystal and we set an upper bound of 1% for the in-plane anisotropy.
Tunnelled central venous catheter insertion via the internal jugular vein using a dedicated portable ultrasound device (1996)

We describe the use of a purpose-built portable ultrasound device to assist puncture of the internal jugular vein during percutaneous insertion of tunnelled central venous catheters such as Hickman lines. In many situations the internal jugular route is safer, faster and less costly in comparison with the subclavian approach. The use of ultrasound allows an accurate initial venous puncture with fewer complications, in the hands of both experienced operators and those less familiar with the internal jugular vein approach.
Altere deutsche Lieder in schwedischer Uberlieferung. Einige Beobachtungen (1964)

Bengt R. Jonsson, Ältere deutsche Lieder in schwedischer Überlieferung. Einige Beobachtungen, Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung, 9. Jahrg., Festschrift zum 75. Geburtstag von Erich Seemann (1964), pp. 45-51
Usefulness of Magnifying Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer (2004)

The minute surface structure and microvessels observed by magnifying endoscopy were related to histopathological findings. Magnifying endoscopy is valuable for predicting the histological nature in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.