gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water-free Solution Synthesis of Monodisperse Cu2S Nanocrystals (2004)

Abstract We report a novel water-free processing of monodisperse and pure Cu2S nanocrystals (NCs) by thermolysis of copper–dodecanethiol complex. The narrow size distribution led to the formation of ordered self-assemblies with various well-defined structures. However, unclose-packing structure was observed as a predominant phase.
<title>Applying perceptual grouping and surface models to the detection and stereo reconstruction of buildings in aerial imagery</title> (1994)

In this paper, we present an approach for the detection and stereo reconstruction of buildings in aerial images using perceptual organization and surface models. First, planar models of surface are used in conjunction with radiometric information to correct a noisy and sparse disparity map obtained from an area based stereo matching. The resulting disparity map is then used by a fusion process to filter useless edges. The remaining edges are processed by a geometric grouping algorithm, which is based on perceptual organization, to detect buildings which can be modeled as a combination of rectangular structures. Finally, a new disparity map is computed for the detected buildings.
Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension—The Evidence from Hazardous Drinking and Alcoholic Populations (1979)

To provide an enhanced perspective to observations of an association between moderate alcohol consumption and hypertension, information on the frequency of hypertension in heavy drinking and alcoholic populations was reviewed. Hypertension was found more often in ambulatory heavy drinkers and alcoholics than in more moderate drinkers and abstainers. This hypertensive state appeared to be at least partially reversible upon cessation of drinking. Additional investigation is needed to define the level of consumption associated with an increased risk of hypertension, the dose response pattern, and the determinants of irreversibility. Alcohol-related hypertension may constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thus contributing to the excess mortality experienced by heavy drinking populations. In view of the steady increase in per capita alcohol consumption which characterizes many affluent societies further clarification of this relationship is an urgent public health research priority.
Ce‐TZP/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite as a bearing material in total joint replacement (2002)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the biocompatibility, phase stability, and wear properties of a newly developed Ce-TZP/Al(2)O(3) nanocomposite, as compared to conventional ceramics, and to determine whether the new composite could be used as a bearing material in total joint prostheses. In tests of mechanical properties, this composite showed significantly higher toughness than conventional Y-TZP. For biocompatibility tests, cylindrical specimens of both the Ce-TZP/Al(2)O(3) nanocomposite and monolithic alumina were implanted into the paraspinal muscles of male Wistar rats. The tissue reactions were almost the same, and at 24 weeks after implantation, thin fibrous capsules with almost no inflammation were observed around both of them. There were no significant differences in membrane thickness between the two ceramics. After hydrothermal treatment in 121 degrees C vapor for 18 h, the new composite showed complete resistance to aging degradation, whereas Y-TZP showed a phase transformation of 25.3 vol% (initial 0.4%) to the monoclinic form. According to the results of pin-on-disk tests, the wear rates of Ce-TZP/Al(2)O(3) nanocomposite and alumina were 0.55 +/- 0.04 x 10(-7) and 2.12 +/- 0.37 x 10(-7)mm(3)/Nm, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the Ce-TZP/Al(2)O(3) nanocomposite is a promising alternative ceramic component for total joint replacement.
A linear-time algorithm to find modules of fault trees (1996)

A module of a fault tree is a subtree whose terminal events do not occur elsewhere in the tree. Modules, which are independent subtrees, can be used to reduce the computational cost of basic operations on fault trees, such as the computation of the probability of the root event or the computation of the minimal cut sets. This paper presents a linear time algorithm to detect modules of a fault tree, coherent or not, that is derived from the Tarjan algorithm to find strongly connected components of a graph. The authors show, on a benchmark of real fault trees, that their method detects modules of trees with several hundred gates and events within few milliseconds on a personal computer.
Study Guide: Human Anatomy & Physiology (1998)

Revised to accompany the Ninth Edition of Human Anatomy & Physiology, the Study Guide offers a wide variety of exercises that address different learning styles and call on students to develop their critical-thinking abilities. The three major sections, Building the Framework, Challenging Yourself, and Covering All Your Bases, help students build a base of knowledge using recall, reasoning, and imagination that can be applied to solving problems in both clinical and non-clinical situations.
PERSONAGE: Personality Generation for Dialogue (2007)

Over the last fifty years, the “Big Five” model of personality traits has become a standard in psychology, and research has systematically documented correlations between a wide range of linguistic variables and the Big Five traits. A distinct line of research has explored methods for automatically generating language that varies along personality dimensions. We present PER-SONAGE (PERSONAlity GEnerator), the first highly parametrizable language generator for extraversion, an important aspect of personality. We evaluate two personality generation methods: (1) direct generation with particular parameter settings suggested by the psychology literature; and (2) overgeneration and selection using statistical models trained from judge’s ratings. Results show that both methods reliably generate utterances that vary along the extraversion dimension, according to human judges. 1
5,8-DITHIAFULVALENE-1,4-QUINONE [2-(1,3-DITHIOL-2-YLIDENE)-4-CYCLOPENTENE-1,3-DIONE] (1977)

Abstract 5,8-Dithiafulvalene-1,4-quinone [2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione] and its benzo-derivatives were synthesized and their spectroscopic properties were described.
Design Considerations for Nonlinear Scattering (2011)

Abstract : Renewed interest in harmonic and multitone radar has motivated design efforts based on the standard approach found in the radar literature, i.e., the classical radar equation. In this report, we show that such approaches can be problematic in determining the correct power budget requirements for detecting a nonlinear target, and that it is necessary to examine the differences of a linear versus nonlinear target cross-section.
Numerical calculation of stimulated brillouin scattering and its suppression in Raman fiber amplifiers (2005)

In this paper, simulated Brillouin scattering in Raman fiber amplifier was numerically calculated. The theoretical results show that much more power could be transferred from the pump to the signal in Raman fiber amplifier with no SBS and Brillouin frequency shift in a given fiber depends on temperature and on mechanical strain. And spatially variable longitudinal strain distribution in standard fibers for SBS suppression in active devices was proposed.
System architectures for computer music (1985)

Computer music is a relatively new field. While a large proportion of the public is aware of computer music in one form or another, there seems to be a need for a better understanding of its capabilities and limitations in terms of synthesis, performance, and recording hardware. This article addresses that need by surveying and discussing the architecture of existing computer music systems. System requirements vary according to what the system will be used for. Common uses for computer music systems include composition, performance, research, home entertainment, and studio recording/mixing. This paper outlines system components with this wide diversity of possible uses in mind. Current synthesis and analysis techniques, and the different way in which these techniques can be implemented in special-purpose hardware, are comprehensively reviewed. Design specifications are given for certain digital-to-analog (and analog-to-digital) converters, disk interfaces, system organization, control hardware and software, and numerical precision. Several synthesis systems are described in detail, with an emphasis on theoretical developments and innovative design. Commercial synthesizers and other architectures are also briefly mentioned.
Lack of Il12rb2 signaling predisposes to spontaneous autoimmunity and malignancy (2005)

The interleukin-12 receptor beta2 (Il12rb2) gene is silenced in tumor cells from different human B-cell malignancies as opposed to their normal counterparts. It was hypothesized that this silencing allows neoplastic B cells to escape the control exerted by IL-12 on their growth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether targeted inactivation of the Il12rb2 gene in mice resulted into increased susceptibility to spontaneous tumor formation and immunopathology. Il12rb2 gene-deficient animals developed in the first year of life immune-complex mesangial glomerulonephritis with serum antinuclear antibodies. In older animals, multiorgan lymphoid infiltrates with features of vasculitis and Sjögren syndrome were detected in association with systemic B- and T-cell activation. In half of aged animals, lymph node plasmacytoma or lung carcinoma was observed. A mechanism for spontaneous development of autoimmune pathology and B-cell tumors is suggested by a strong IL-6 up-regulation detected in splenocytes and lymphoid infiltrates associated with oligoclonal B-cell expansion. The emergence of lung tumors may likely be attributed to an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) deficiency secondary to lack of IL-12 signaling. The development of autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and B-cell tumors in Il12rb2 knockout (KO) mice suggests that IL-12 functions physiologically to restrain aberrant B-cell activation.
Angular etching yields of polysilicon and dielectric materials in Cl2∕Ar and fluorocarbon plasmas (2008)

The angular etching yields of polysilicon in Cl2∕Ar plasmas, and dielectric materials (thermal silicon dioxide and low-k dielectric coral) in fluorocarbon plasmas, have been characterized in an inductively coupled plasma beam apparatus. The effects of ion energy, feed gas composition, and plasma source pressure are studied. The experimental results showed that these etching parameters had a significant impact on the resulting angular etching yield curve. In particular, the angular etching yield curve was more sputteringlike at low plasma source pressure and/or low effective gas percentage (Cl2 and C4F8), with a peak around 60°–70° off-normal ion incident angle. In contrast, ion-enhanced-etching-like angular curves, which dropped gradually with off-normal angle, were formed at high plasma source pressure and/or high effective gas percentage. Further analysis indicated that the effective neutral-to-ion flux ratio reaching the surface was the primary factor influencing the angular etching yield curve. More specifically, the angular etching yield curve had physical sputtering characteristics at low neutral-to-ion flux ratios; while etching process was really dominated by ion-enhanced etching at high ratios and the angular curve was ion-enhanced-etching-like. The polymer deposition effects are also discussed in this article.
Empirical equations for the principal refractive indices and column angle of obliquely deposited films of tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide (1998)

Values of the transmittance T(s) and the phaseretardation D were recorded in situ at two angles duringthe growth of thin films of tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, andzirconium oxide for deposition angles theta(nu) in the range40 degrees -70 degrees . Column angles for the same films were determinedex situ from scanning electron microscopy photographs ofdeposition-plane fractures. We show that the experimental columnangles are smaller than the corresponding values predicted by thetangent-rule equation psi = tan(-1)(0.5 tan theta(nu)) and that the experimental values fit a modifiedform of the equation psi = tan(-1)(E(1) tan theta(nu)) where E(1) is less than 0.5. We also show that theprincipal refractive indices are represented well by quadraticfunctions of the deposition angle, for example, n(1)(theta(nu)) = A(0) + A(2) theta(nu)(2).
Amino acid digestibility and energy content of corn distillers meal for swine (2007)

An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and energy of corn distillers meal in pigs. Five growing barrows (initially 150 lb) were allotted to one of two diets in a crossover design. One diet contained corn distillers meal (66.7%) as the sole protein source. The second diet was nitrogen-free to determine basal endogenous AA losses. Ileal digesta and fecal samples were collected during each period and analyzed for amino acid and energy contents. Based on these analyses, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), standardized ileal digestibility (SID), gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE) were calculated. Apparent ileal digestibility values of lysine, methionine, and threonine in corn distillers meal were 47.2, 79.4, and 64.1%, respectively while SID values of the same amino acids were 50.4, 80.4, and 66.3%, respectively. The ME, DE, and estimated NE values of the corn distillers meal were 1,137; 1,233; and 813 kcal/lb, respectively.; Swine Day, 2007, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2007
Coupling the speaker to the output stage (1952)

Discusses the use of loudspeakers in sound reproduction systems. Identifies its major components, obstacles to reproduce sound, and major characteristics that enable sound quality.
Flow patterns for an annular flow over an axisymmetric sudden expansion (1997)

In this paper, an experimental investigation is described for a concentric annular flow over an axisymmetric sudden expansion by using both flow visualization and laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) techniques. Depending upon the value of the Reynolds number and whether the Reynolds number was increased or decreased, four typical flow patterns were classified according to the characteristics of the central and corner recirculation zones. The flow patterns are open annular flow, closed annular flow, vortex shedding, and stable central flow. Bifurcation for this flow occurred when 230 < Re < 440, which was verified by observing the variation of the reattachment length. The spatial growth of velocity fluctuations from the measurements demonstrated a tendency that shedding vortices behind the centrebody more strongly affect the reattachment length than flows without a centrebody.
<title>Laser cutting of glass</title> (2000)

The laser cutting technology utilizes a laser beam to apply heat to the glass. At first, the glass is heated locally by a CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser beam. The next step is a defined cooling. On account of the quick heating followed by a fast cooling, tensions are caused within the glass. The consequence will be a vertical and smooth fracture along the cutting edge where the tension was induced without any edge chips or micro cracks. Owing these characteristics of the cutting edge, the mechanical strain capacity is increased considerably compared to conventional scribed and broken edges. Post processing like grinding will be reduced or will even become unnecessary. The production costs will be considerably reduced whereas the production quality will be improved simultaneously by the new laser cutting process in connection with the appropriate machines.
Association of Adjuvant Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy With Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk Among US Women With Breast Cancer in a General Community Setting (2016)

Tamoxifen therapy was associated with reduced CBC risk during treatment and after its cessation, with risk progressively decreasing as tamoxifen therapy duration increased. Among those surviving at least 5 years, tamoxifen use for at least 4 years was estimated to prevent 3 CBCs per 100 women by 10 years after an estrogen receptor-positive first breast cancer, an absolute risk reduction that is consistent with findings from clinical trials. If adjuvant endocrine therapy is indicated for breast cancer treatment, these findings in concert with trial data suggest that women should be encouraged to complete the full course.
On the prime factor decomposition algorithm for the discrete sine transform (1994)

Presents a fast algorithm for computing the discrete sine transform (DST) when the transform size N is decomposable into mutually prime factors. Based on the Lee algorithm for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and from the relations obtained between DST and DCT, a new set of input and output index mappings for DST is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal effects on (100) CdZnTe substrates as studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction (1992)

The influence of different CdZnTe substrate treatments prior to II-VI molecular beam epitaxial growth on surface stoichiometry, oxygen, and carbon contamination has been studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction. Heating the substrate at 300 °C can eliminate oxygen contamination, but cannot completely remove carbon from the surface. Heating at higher temperatures decreases the carbon contamination only slightly, while increasing the Zn–Cd ratio on the surface considerably. The magnitude of the latter effect is surprising and is crucial when one is using lattice matched CdZnTe (Zn 4%) substrates.
Motion Compensated Image Reconstruction of Respiratory Gated PET/CT (2006)

Detectability of lung tumors in PET images is severely compromised owing to respiratory motion. A model based motion compensation method for image reconstruction from respiratory-gated PET/CT data is presented. The object at each gate is modeled as a deformation of the object at a reference gate. Gated CT images are co-registered to the image at the reference gate to estimate object motion. This motion information is in turn used as part of the system model in the forward and back projection steps of the reconstruction algorithm. We simulated the respiratory-gated PET/CT acquisition of the mathematical NCAT phantom with realistic respiratory motion. The model-based approach was compared with post-reconstruction registration of independently reconstructed gates. Simulation results show that the model-based approach achieves better tumor detectability than methods based on post-reconstruction registration.
SMIL 2.0: XML for Web multimedia (2001)

On 7 August 2001, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) released version 2.0 of Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, or SMIL. Three years ago, SMIL 1.0 introduced a basic foundation for Web multimedia and it quickly gained widespread use. With a specification document about 15 times as large as version 1.0, SMIL 2.0 builds on this foundation and marks an enormous step forward in multimedia functionality. Although Web multimedia has long been obtainable with proprietary formats or Java programs, it's been largely inaccessible to most Web authors and isolated from the Web's technical framework. SMIL's HTML-like syntax aims to do for multimedia what HTML did for hypertext: bring it into every living room, with an easy-to-author descriptive format that works with readily available cross-platform players. SMIL lets authors create simple multimedia simply and add, more complex behavior incrementally. But SMIL isn't just HTML-like, it's XML, which makes it part of the W3C's family of XML-related standards including scalable vector graphics (SVG), cascading style sheets (CSS), XPointer, XSLT, namespaces, and XHTML. SMIL's features fall into five categories: media content, layout, timing, linking, and adaptivity. The latter brings altogether new features to the Web, letting authors adapt content to different market groups, user abilities, system configurations, and runtime system delays. The article covers each feature category and its basic constructs using a simple SMIL presentation built with the SMIL 2.0 Language Profile, which is the flagship SMIL-defined language for multimedia browsers.
Self-healing ion-permselective conducting polymer coating (2010)

The present work demonstrates a new approach to self-healing polymers that have the ability to repair artificial defects and restore the passive state of an underlying metal substrate. An intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) with a well designed function of doped ions possesses specific permselective properties, restricting incorporation of aggressive chlorides from corrosive electrolyte. The cation permselective membrane controls the release of healing ions to the defect zone when artificial defects are formed, efficiently inhibiting corrosion of the underlying metal substrate.
10.2: Electro‐Optical Characteristics of the Gyricon Display (2002)

Abstract The optical response of the Gyricon display to addressing voltages is discussed, with special emphasis on the image storage behavior.
Characterization of the peptide acetyltransferase activity in bovine and rat intermediate pituitaries responsible for the acetylation of beta-endorphin and alpha-melanotropin. (1982)

The peptide acetyltransferase activity responsible for the NH2-terminal acetylation of P-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)(l-l3)NHZ, and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (aMSH) in bovine and rat intermediate pituitary has been studied.Rat anterior and intermediate pituitary rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus and cytosol fractions had similar amounts of acetyltransferase activity, but only the secretory granule fraction from the intermediate pituitary had what is believed to be the acetyltransferase activity specific for the formation of aMSH and a-Nacetyl-fi-endorphin in this tissue.Bovine intermediate pituitary secretory granules were used as the primary source of acetyltransferase activity.This activity, which used acetyl coenzyme A as the acetate donor, used ACTH-and P-endorphin-related peptides as the acetate acceptor.The bovine intermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase activity was not membrane-bound and had a pH optimum of 7.0.ACTH(1-13)NHz, ACTH(1-39), aMSH, P-endorphin(1-31), and /3-endorphin(1-27) were among the effective peptide substrates.The products of the enzymatic reaction, using C3H]acetyl CoA as the acetate donor, were analyzed by chymotrypsin digestion followed by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography; at least 75% of the radioactivity was associated with the NHz terminus of the peptide substrates.ACTH(18-39), lysine-rich histones, ACTH(l-Z)[Ser-Tyr], ACTH(l1-24), a-N,O-diacetyl-aMSH, and a-Nacetylated /3-endorphin-related molecules were not acetylated.Ser-Tyr, ACTH(l1-24), and a-N,O-diacetyl-aMSH inhibited the NH2-terminal acetylation of ACTH(1-13)NH2.Steady state kinetic experiments indicated that the K,,, value for acetyl CoA was 8 ~L M and the K,,, values for the peptide substrates ranged from 11 to 286 pM.The addition of a-N-acetyl-P-endorphin(1-27) inhibited the NHz-terminal acetylation of P-endorphin(1-27), ACTH(1-18), and ACTH(1-39); the inhibition of the acetylation of ACTH(1-18) by a-N-acetyl-/?endorphin(1-27) was competitive.These results s u g gest that the same enzyme NHz terminally acetylates both ACTH-and /I-endorphin-related peptides in the bovine intermediate pituitary.