gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Mn Complex: A Functional Model for the Oxygen‐Evolving Center of Photosystem II (2005)

A highly specific and catalytic oxidation of water occurs when using a dinuclear Mn complex of a mononegative carboxylate-containing pentadentate ligand (see scheme). Isotope-labeling experiments coupled with membrane inlet mass spectrometry show that one oxygen atom in the evolved O2 molecule is derived from water and the other from the oxidant. Supporting information (ESI mass spectra of reaction solutions containing TBHP and (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] in water, labeled water, and acetonitrile; further MIMS traces) for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502114_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Low-delay wideband speech coding using a new frequency domain approach (1993)

Working in the context of residual speech coders, the proposed technique performs a decomposition of the DFT (discrete Fourier transform) of the target vector (the input speech after the subtraction of the zero input response signal) as the product of the DFT of the impulse response of the LPC (linear predictive coding) synthesis filter and a modified residual signal. At the receiver, the DFT of the target vector is reconstructed by multiplying the quantized modified residual signal by the DFT of the impulse response of the synthesis filter. The inverse DFT is then calculated, and the resulting time-domain quantized target vector is filtered by the inverse synthesis filter in order to get the excitation to the LPC synthesis filter. Magnitude-phase and real-part-imaginary-part encoding of the modified residual signal has been studied, and several quantization schemes have been used. Specifically, scalar quantization and trellis coded quantization have been used in the development of 32-kbit/s coders with a very high quality of the synthesized speech. A 24-kbit/s coder has also been developed by using vector quantization and trellis-coded quantization in a magnitude-phase representation of the modified residual.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ten Points on a Projective Economy and Architecture (2021)

Architects have been using data, mapping myriad extra-architectural concerns and making use of diagrams in ways that are often seen as undermining the disciplinary qualities of architecture. The Federal Reserve’s attempts to value the aggregate of residential real estate are crucial to understanding the financial health of the nation. In a post-1970s economy housing accounts for approximately half of household total net worth. Tied directly to consumption, mobility, amortized debt, and jobs, the contours of wealth as real estate directly correspond with urban form—urban form is a form of money. Architecture or at least buildings in this equation are the collateral: it could do so much more. While the debates of New Urbanism in this era drew immense attention it ultimately deflected the more urgent debate: what role does architecture play in housing when the market is the denominator and the federal government has instigated a quasi-privatized role for its economic contributions—has disaggregated its role in development.
Basics of Flow Cytometry (2003)

Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology that is used to measure characteristics of biological particles. This technology is used to perform measurements on whole cells as well as prepared cellular constituents such as nuclei and organelles. Flow cytometers scan single particles or cells as they flow in a liquid medium past an excitation light source. The underlying principle of flow cytometry is that light is scattered and fluorescence is emitted as light from the excitation source strikes the moving particles. Light scattering and fluorescence is measured for each individual particle that passes the excitation source. Scattering and emission data can be used to examine a variety of biochemical, biophysical, and molecular aspects of particles. This unique and powerful technology is an important tool for many scientific disciplines because it allows characterization of cells or particles within a sample. Flow cytometry is particularly important for biological investigations because it allows qualitative and quantitative examination of whole cells and cellular constituents that have been labeled with a wide range of commercially available reagents, such as dyes and monoclonal antibodies.
Filosofía, doxa y ciencia en los fragmentos estéticos de Marx (1984)

Artigrama (ISSN: 0213-1498) es la revista científica del Departamento de Historia del Arte de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Nacida en 1984, de periodicidad anual. La revista está abierta a investigadores de la comunidad científica internacional que se ocupen de temas relacionados con la Historia del Arte, Historia del Cine y Musicología, tanto a nivel español como internacional. Va dirigida a la comunidad universitaria, investigadores, expertos y profesionales, así como a todas aquellas personas interesadas en la temática de la revista.
Local NSAID Gel (Eltenac) in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A double blind study comparing eltenac with oral diclofenac and placebo gel (1997)

In a randomized, double blind, multicentre study with 4 weeks follow-up of 290 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint, a topical NSAID (eltenac) was compared with oral diclofenac and placebo. The main outcome, Lequesne's Index and pain by VAS showed no statistically significant differences between neither of the active treatments and placebo for the total study population. However, in patients with more severe symptoms, both active groups showed statistically significant differences to placebo. No severe adverse drug reactions were seen but the number of GI reactions were three times higher in the diclofenac group compared to the topical treatment. Local skin reactions were twice as frequent in the eltenac than in the placebo group. Taking into account the nature of the treatment for a chronic disease like OA, our results indicate that eltenac gel could be a safe alternative to oral NSAIDs.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells through L1CAM Suppresses Glioma Growth (2008)

Malignant gliomas are lethal cancers that display striking cellular heterogeneity. A highly tumorigenic glioma tumor subpopulation, termed cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells, promotes therapeutic resistance and tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting cancer stem cells may improve patient survival. We interrogated the role of a neuronal cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM, in glioma stem cells as L1CAM regulates brain development and is expressed in gliomas. L1CAM(+) and CD133(+) cells cosegregated in gliomas, and levels of L1CAM were higher in CD133(+) glioma cells than normal neural progenitors. Targeting L1CAM using lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference in CD133(+) glioma cells potently disrupted neurosphere formation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited growth specifically in glioma stem cells. We identified a novel mechanism for L1CAM regulation of cell survival as L1CAM knockdown decreased expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig2 and up-regulated the p21(WAF1/CIP1) tumor suppressor in CD133(+) glioma cells. To determine if targeting L1CAM was sufficient to reduce glioma stem cell tumor growth in vivo, we targeted L1CAM in glioma cells before injection into immunocompromised mice or directly in established tumors. In each glioma xenograft model, shRNA targeting of L1CAM expression in vivo suppressed tumor growth and increased the survival of tumor-bearing animals. Together, these data show that L1CAM is required for maintaining the growth and survival of CD133(+) glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo, and L1CAM may represent a cancer stem cell-specific therapeutic target for improving the treatment of malignant gliomas and other brain tumors.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Catalyzed by Iron<sup>II</sup> Chloride/Isophthalic Acid System (2000)

IronII chloride coordinated by isophthalic acid was successfully used as the catalyst in ethyl 2-bromopropionate initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The polymerization was controlled up to a molecular weight of 50 000. N,N-Dimethylformamide was used to improve the solubility of the ligand. However, the amount of N,N-dimethylformamide has no significant effect on the living nature of the polymerization. Chain extension was performed to confirm the “living”/controlled nature of the polymerization system. The effect of various ratios of ironII chloride to ligand on the polymerization was investigated, and the initiator efficiency reached 0.82 when the ratio of transition metal to ligand was equal to 0.5 in DMF. The ready availability and nontoxicity of isophthalic acid makes it very attractive as a new ligand in iron-mediated ATRP.
Dual-wavelength Bragg reflectors using GaAs/AlAs multilayers (1993)

Dual-wavelength Bragg reflectors have been demonstrated using GaAs/AlAs multilayer heterostructures. Desired reflection bands can be obtained by adding proper phase shifters in a GaAs/AIAs periodic multilayer structure. The structure is based on the digital representation of the addition of two periodic functions.
Personal media sharing and authoring on the web (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel system working on the Web for personal media sharing and authoring. Three primary technologies enable this end-to-end system, including scalable video coding, intelligent multimedia content analysis, and template-based media authoring. Scalable video codec tackles the issue of huge data transmission, multimedia content analysis facilitates automatic video editing, and template-based media authoring scheme further reduces the workload of media sharing and authoring. Experiment and a demo system on a real Internet environment show that this novel system is effective.
Fringe projection based high-speed 3D sensor for real-time measurements (2011)

A sensor based on fringe projection technique was developed which allows ultrafast measurements of the surface of flat measuring objects which realizes a data acquisition rate up to 8.9 million 3D points per second. The high measuring velocity was achieved by consequent fringe code reduction and parallel data processing. Fringe sequence length was reduced using geometric constraints of the sensor arrangement including epipolar geometry. Further reduction of the image sequence length was obtained by omission of the Gray code sequence by using the geometric constraints of the measuring objects. The sensor may be used e.g. for inspection of conductor boards.
The Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Reactions with Special Reference to Routine Water Analysis (1918)

Journal Article The Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Reactions with Special Reference to Routine Water Analysis Get access W. D. Stovall, W. D. Stovall From the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hypiene, University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Starr Nichols M. Starr Nichols From the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hypiene, University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 23, Issue 3, September 1918, Pages 229–239, https://doi.org/10.1086/infdis/23.3.229 Published: 01 September 1918 Article history Received: 22 March 1918 Published: 01 September 1918
Structure and stability of weakly chemisorbed ethene adsorbed on low-index Cu surfaces: performance of density functionals with van der Waals interactions (2012)

We have investigated the performance of popular density functionals that include van der Waals interactions for the experimentally well-characterized problem of ethene (C(2)H(4)) adsorbed on the low-index surfaces of copper. This set of functionals does not only include three van der Waals density functionals-vdwDF-PBE, vdwDF-revPBE and optB86b-vdwDF-and two dispersion-corrected functionals-Grimme and TS-but also local and semi-local functionals such as LDA and PBE. The adsorption system of ethene on copper was chosen because it is a weakly chemisorbed system for which the vdW interactions are expected to give a significant contribution to the adsorption energy. Overall the density functionals that include vdW interactions increased substantially the adsorption energies compared to the PBE density functional but predicted the same adsorption sites and very similar C-C bonding distances except for two of the van der Waals functionals. The top adsorption site was predicted almost exclusively for all functionals on the (110), (100) and (111) surfaces, which is in agreement with experiment for the (110) surface but not for the (100) surface. On the (100) surface, all functionals except two van der Waals density functionals singled out the observed cross-hollow site from the calculated C-C bonding distances and adsorption heights. On the top sites on the (110) surface and the cross-hollow site on the Cu(100) surface, the ethene molecule was found to form a weak chemisorption bond. On the (111) surface, all functionals gave a C-C bonding distance and an adsorption height more typical for physisorption, in agreement with experiments.
A Modification of the Injury Severity Score That Both Improves Accuracy and Simplifies Scoring (1997)

NISS should replace ISS as the standard summary measure of human trauma.
Comparison of Three Commercially Available Dengue NS1 Antigen Capture Assays for Acute Diagnosis of Dengue in Brazil (2010)

The results indicate that commercial kits of dengue NS1 antigen are useful for the laboratory diagnosis of acute primary and secondary dengue. It can be used in combination with the MAC-ELISA for case detection and as screening test to complement viral isolation.
The Origin of the HM175 Strain of Hepatitis A Virus (1985)

Journal Article The Origin of the HM175 Strain of Hepatitis A Virus Get access I. D. Gust, I. D. Gust Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. I. Lehmann, N. I. Lehmann Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Crowe, S. Crowe Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. McCrorie, M. McCrorie Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. A. Locarnini, S. A. Locarnini Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. R. Lucas C. R. Lucas Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 151, Issue 2, February 1985, Pages 365–367, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/151.2.365 Published: 01 February 1985 Article history Received: 29 April 1984 Revision received: 04 September 1984 Published: 01 February 1985
Towards a flexible functional split for cloud-RAN networks (2014)

Very dense deployments of small cells are one of the key enablers to tackle the ever-growing demand on mobile bandwidth. In such deployments, centralization of RAN functions on cloud resources is envisioned to overcome severe inter-cell interference and to keep costs acceptable. However, RAN back-haul constraints need to be considered when designing the functional split between RAN front-ends and centralized equipment. In this paper we analyse constraints and outline applications of flexible RAN centralization.
Robust voice activity detection algorithm for estimatingnoise spectrum (2000)

A new voice activity detection(VAD) algorithm is proposed for estimating the spectrum of car noise in which noise is filtered out in the frequency domain. The proposed algorithm uses the log energy parameters which are composed of two parts in the critical band. The algorithm detects the noise period by applying two adaptive thresholds to each part. Using the noise period we can reliably estimate the time-varying noise characteristics. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it can prevent incorrect detections caused by unvoiced or nasal sounds with high frequency components being covered by car noise with low frequency components. The algorithm is suitable for real time implementation with one microphone. Also, a speaker-independent speech recognition system has been implemented for car navigation using a fixed point Oak DSP system, which incorporates the proposed VAD algorithm. The system enhanced the recognition rates for 12 isolated command words to 94.52% compared with the 80.7% of the baseline recogniser.
Wet thermal oxidation of AlAsSb alloys lattice matched to InP (1997)

Wet thermal oxidation of AlAsSb was investigated. The oxidation kinetics was studied as a function of temperature and oxidation duration. An expression to allow accurate determination of the oxide depth for any temperature and time was established. Secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles and x-ray diffraction were used to demonstrate that an interfacial layer, composed of pure Sb and As and textured on InP, is formed during the oxidation process.
A study of pili on<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1972)

SUMMARY Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries polar pili which act as receptors for RNA-containing bacteriophages. In order to confirm, that these pili were not involved in the transfer of the sex factor FP 2, eleven bacterial strains, both FP 2 + and FP 2 − , were examined in the electron microscope for the presence of pili and tested for sensitivity to the RNA phage PP7. Pili were found on all strains save one which was resistant to phage PP7. It was also found by electron microscopy that about 25 times more pili per cell were present after PP7 adsorption than before it. This result is discussed with reference to the pilus retraction theory, providing further evidence that some kinds of pili retract instead of acting as simple tubes for the transfer of genetic material. The strong supporting evidence provided by the infective processes of male-specific coliphages is discussed and compared to current knowledge of P. aeruginosa RNA phages. It was also found that pili were present on the host strain for the P. aeruginosa filamentous phage Pf. Although similar in appearance to RNA phage pili, these differed in that they did not adsorb phage PP7. However, it seemed likely that they were receptors for Pf. A structural comparison is made between P. aeruginosa pili and Escherichia coli F-pili. It is possible that P. aeruginosa pili could be coded for by a plasmid other than FP 2.
Toxin-coregulated pilus, but not mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, is required for colonization by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype and O139 strains (1996)

The relative contributions of toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cell-associated mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) to the colonization ability of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype strains and O139 Bengal strains was determined by using isogenic parental and in-frame deletion mutant pairs in the infant mouse cholera model. Both the El Tor and O139 tcpA mutant strains showed a dramatic defect in colonization as indicated by their competitive indices, whereas deletion of mshA had a negligible effect on colonization in either background.
Durable lead attachment techniques for PVDF polymer transducers with application to ultrasonics (1980)

Abstract PVDF piezoelectric films are receiving increasing attention in many transducer designs.
Osteoclasts and Remodeling Based Bone Formation (2015)

Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of the monocyte macrophage lineage. They are responsible for bone remodeling by first resorbing packets of bone, which are subsequently replaced by new bone produced by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells, and thus osteogenesis can also be induced in various tissues at extra skeletal sites. Fifty years ago it was discovered that demineralized bone matrix is able to induce ectopic bone formation. Since that time the differentiation of bone cells has been studied intensively. The aim was to produce bone for the repair of bone defects. The molecular basis of bone remodeling has been established in great detail and the mechanism of how bone resorption and bone formation are coupled in bone remodeling sites has been delineated. Osteoclasts resorb bone, but they also secrete anabolic signals that induce mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts to initiate osteogenesis in resorption lacuna (remodeling) or another nonresorbed site (modeling). It is this osteoclast derived influence on mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts that could be utilized in tissue engineering. So far investigators have tried to find ways to induce bone formation by activating mesenchymal stem cells, but a better understanding of the remodeling paradigm of bone, the intrinsic regulation of bone formation through osteoclastic resorption, could be utilized for tissue engineering. Scaffold materials like decellularized natural tissue extracellular matrices or bone type resorbable mineral matrices induce resorption and simultaneously induce bone formation.
C-glycosyl nucleosides. VI. Synthesis and crystal structure of dithiane glycoside analog. (1978)

In order to determine the absolute configuration of product from a reaction of sugar lactone and lithiated heterocycles, and X-ray crystal structural analysis of 1-(1, 3-dithian-2-yl)-2, 3 : 5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-β-L-gulofuranose was carried out. This compound was prepared from 2, 3 : 5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-L-gulono-1, 4-lactone and lithiated 1, 3-dithiane. The crystals are monoclinic with space group P21 and unit cell dimensions of a=18.566 (7) Å, b=9.544 (2) Å, c=6.462 (1) Å, β=91.68 (3)°, z=2. The X-ray analysis was carried out with the heavy-atom method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method including anisotropic thermal parameters, and the final R value was 0.071. In conclusion, the absolute configuration of the anomeric position was determined to be R chirality.
Saving Higher Education's Soul (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsFrank NewmanFrank Newman is director of The Futures Project: Policy for Higher Education in a Changing World, funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts. The ideas and views in this article, however, are those of the author, not the Futures Project or the Pew Trusts.