gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUBSTANCE P INDUCED RELEASE OF MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR FROM RAT BLADDER EPITHELIUM (2004)

SP stimulated early release of urothelial MIF as well as increased MIF gene expression in this model of neurogenic inflammation. SP also increased expression of the proinflammatory mediator NGF. In addition, increases in cox-2 enzyme and c-fos transcription factor were noted. The early release of MIF suggests that it is an immediate proinflammatory regulator in the bladder and it establishes MIF as candidate proinflammatory mediator of SP induced neurogenic inflammation. These data continue to support our hypothesis that MIF is a new target for intervention in bladder inflammation.
Making Diamondlike Films More Transparent (1994)

Diamondlike carbon films highly transparent to visible light made by dual-ion-beam deposition process. Hard, resistant to scratching, and hermetic. Used as protective coatings on eyeglasses, magnetic recording heads, computer hard disks, and windows in bar-code scanners. Amorphous diamondlike carbon films preferable to polycrystalline diamond films in these and other applications. Smooth and adherent and deposited at room temperature.
New minor cyclic peptides from Brachystemma calycinum (2001)

From the ethanol extract of the roots of Brachystemma calycinum D. Don, a Chinese folk herb, four new minor cyclic peptides namely brachystemin A, B, C and D (1 - 4) have been isolated. Their structures were established as cyclo (Pro(1)-Phe-Leu-Ala(1)-Thr-Pro(2)-Ala(2)-Gly) (1), cyclo (Pro(1)-Ala-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro(2)-Leu-Gly) (2), cyclo (Pro(1)-Ile-Gly-Pro(2)-Val-Ala(1)-Ala(2)-Tyr) (3) and cyclo ( Pro-OMet-Trp-Ile-Gly-Ala-Leu-Asp) (4) respectively by means of extensive spectral methods.
<b>Differential uptake of serum IgE in skin and serosal mast cells</b> (139.14) (2009)

Abstract Background: Mast cells (MC) are key effector cells in helminth infection and the clinical manifestations of allergic disease. In mice, a subset of MC (Connective Tissue MC) resides at epithelial barriers, such as the skin, or at serosal surfaces, including the peritoneal cavity. These MC exert much of their effector function by virtue of IgE binding to the high affinity Fc epsilon receptor (FcεRI ). Objective: Although acquisition of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) by skin MC is central to MC effector function, the mechanisms that govern loading of IgE on skin MC are poorly defined. We hypothesize that different anatomic compartments may exhibit differential serum IgE uptake. Methods: We used the mouse ear as a source of skin MC. To control the dose and timing of serum IgE, we used a passive, intravenous IgE transfer model with flow cytometric analysis of MC IgE uptake at time points between 1 and 96 hours after infusion. As controls, we examined serum IgE uptake by spleen basophils and peritoneal mast cells (PEC-MC). Results: We observed differences in IgE uptake by basophils and PEC-MC compared to skin MC. Basophils and PEC-MC displayed uniform loading of IgE that started within 1 hour of IgE exposure. By contrast, skin MC IgE uptake was heterogeneous with only 30% of MC showing significant acquisition of IgE. The timing of uptake was slightly delayed, and the amount of IgE on these cells was also diminished compared to basophils and PEC-MC. Conclusion and Future Directions: Our data suggest that skin and serosal MC demonstrate distinct patterns of IgE uptake and that a select population of skin MC acquires serum IgE upon exposure. Further work will focus on direct in vivo imaging of MC IgE loading within ear tissue to better understand the underlying reason for decreased skin MC uptake of serum IgE.
Quantitative characterization of bone marrow edema pattern in rheumatoid arthritis using 3 tesla MRI (2011)

A highly reproducible semi-automatic method for quantifying BME lesion burden in RA was developed, which may enhance our capability of predicting disease progression and monitoring treatment response.
M3 (2016)

In the last decade, the number of available cores increased and heterogeneity grew. In this work, we ask the question whether the design of the current operating systems (OSes) is still appropriate if these trends continue and lead to abundantly available but heterogeneous cores, or whether it forces a fundamental rethinking of how systems are designed. We argue that: 1. hiding heterogeneity behind a common hardware interface unifies, to a large extent, the control and coordination of cores and accelerators in the OS, 2. isolating at the network-on-chip rather than with processor features (like privileged mode, memory management unit, ...), allows running untrusted code on arbitrary cores, and 3. providing OS services via protocols over the network-on-chip, instead of via system calls, makes them accessible to arbitrary types of cores as well. In summary, this turns accelerators into first-class citizens and enables a single and convenient programming environment for all cores without the need to trust any application. In this paper, we introduce network-on-chip-level isolation, present the design of our microkernel-based OS, M3, and the common hardware interface, and evaluate the performance of our prototype in comparison to Linux. A bit surprising, without using accelerators, M3 outperforms Linux in some application-level benchmarks by more than a factor of five.
Phage display of cDNA libraries: enrichment of cDNA expression using open reading frame selection (2004)

Phage display technologies are powerful tools for selecting binding ligands against purified molecular targets, live cells, and organ vasculature. However, the selection of natural ligands using phage display has been limited because of significant problems associated with the display of complex cDNA repertoires. Here we describe the use of cDNA fragmentation and open reading frame (ORF) selection to display a human placental cDNA library on the pIII coat protein of filamentous phage. The library was enriched for ORFs by selecting cDNA-beta-lactamase fusion proteins on ampicillin, resulting in a cDNA population having 97% ORFs. The ORF-selected cDNAs were fused to pIII in the phagemid vector, pUCMG4CT-198, and the library was rescued with a pIII-deleted helper phage for multivalent display. The resulting phagemid particle library consisted of 87% ORFs, compared to only 6% ORFs when prepared without ORF selection. Western blot analysis indicated cDNA-pIII fusion protein expression in eight out of nine ORF clones tested, and seven of the ORF encoded peptides were displayed multivalently. The high level of cDNA expression obtained by ORF selection suggests that ORF-enriched phage cDNA libraries prepared by these methods will be useful as functional genomics tools for identifying natural ligands from various source tissues.
Real-time detection of drill bit metamorphism for accurate interpretation of hydrocarbon shows (2016)

In an ongoing effort to progress the understanding of advanced mud gas data we point out that failure to recognize bit burn gases can lead to severe misinterpretation of data. Bit burn gases form during drilling operations when the temperature at the bit rises to a level that enables thermal cracking of hydrocarbons. The alkenes ethylene and propylene that form during the cracking process do not naturally occur in hydrocarbon reservoirs and are hence a proxy for drill bit metamorphism. Retention times for alkanes, i.e. ethane or propane, and alkenes are extremely similar when using a conventional mud logging gas chromatograph. The inability to distinguish the two types of gases can lead to overestimating the presence of alkanes in a well or in the worst case misinterpreting fluxes of purely bit burn gases as actual hydrocarbon shows. As a mass spectrometer differentiates on the basis of molecular weight, alkanes can readily be distinguished from alkenes with this technique. We developed a fully automated algorithm that converts mass spectrometry data in to accurate concentrations for both alkenes and formation hydrocarbons even when the sample is contaminated with atmosphere and drilling fluid vapours. Mud gas analysis is done at the wellsite with calculations being performed each minute thus allowing real time interpretation of gas shows. Application of the method on several wells has demonstrated a correlation between age of the drill bit, lithological properties and level of bit burn gases being formed. Drill bit metamorphism is generally observed towards the toe of the well when the drill bit becomes worn. Moreover, in places where the formation is more resistant to the drill bit, alkenes are recorded shortly lagging the lithological change. This is due to the time needed for the bit to heat up to a temperature sufficiently high to crack hydrocarbons. Detection and quantification of bit burn gases with the method developed in this study leads to a better real-time assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of a well.
WiMAX-VPON: A Framework of Layer-2 VPNs for Next-Generation Access Networks (2010)

This paper proposes WiMAX-VPON, a novel framework for establishing layer-2 virtual private networks (VPNs) over the integration of WiMAX and Ethernet passive optical networks, which has lately been considered as a promising candidate for next-generation fiber-wireless backhaul-access networks. With WiMAX-VPON, layer-2 VPNs support a bundle of service requirements to the respective registered wireless/wired users. These requirements are stipulated in the service level agreement and should be fulfilled by a suite of effective bandwidth management solutions. To achieve this, we propose a novel VPN-based admission control and bandwidth allocation scheme that provides per-stream quality-of-service protection and bandwidth guarantee for real-time flows. The bandwidth allocation is performed via a common medium access control protocol working in both the optical and wireless domains. An event-driven simulation model is implemented to study the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Getting the job done. How hybrid systems can increase your studio's productivity (1995)

Professional video production with its studios, post-production facilities, AV departments in companies (corporate AV), ad agencies, and other service companies are going through four major changes. These changes are: from analogue to digital editing, linear tape to nonlinear hard disk editing, hardware to software, and online instead of offline. The author discusses these changes and goes on to consider quality, production and costs.
Antibiotic Resistance: Lessons for the Future (1998)

It is clear that emergence of resistant bacterial strains will continue to be a problem as long as clinicians use the currently available antimicrobial agents. Past and current policies for dealing with resistance have, at best, been only partially effective. Thus, novel approaches to the problem of antimicrobial resistance are badly needed. Development of novel "classic" antimicrobial agents, chemical modification of currently known agents to overcome resistance, and the development of potentiators of known antimicrobials represent three areas that have been partially exploited in the past and continue to represent fertile fields for additional investigation. In addition, a number of investigators are working to develop inhibitors of new bacterial targets and to develop inhibitors of genes relating to virulence or pathogenesis. Although the deployment of antisense nucleotides as antimicrobial agents is theoretically appealing, to date, it has not been possible to develop any of these agents for clinical use.
The transcriptional repressor of p16/Ink4a, Id1, is up-regulated in early melanomas. (2001)

The helix-loop-helix transcription factor Id1 coordinates cell growth and differentiation pathways within mammalian cells and has been implicated in regulating G(1)-S phase cell cycle transitions. Recently Id1 has been shown to repress Ets- and E-protein-mediated transactivation of p16/Ink4a. Because the p16/Ink4a protein has been demonstrated to be inactivated in subsets of familial and sporadic melanomas, we sought to determine whether Id1 regulation of p16/Ink4a expression might be involved in the development of this human tumor. Here we evaluate 21 melanocytic lesions at various stages of malignant progression from common melanocytic nevi to metastatic melanomas and examine these lesions for Id1 and p16/Ink4a expression. We demonstrate that Id1 expression correlates with loss of p16/Ink4a expression in melanoma in situ; however, more advanced stages of melanoma do not express Id1 except within perivascular regions, despite overall decreased p16/Ink4a expression in these lesions. Microdissected lesions were evaluated for p16/Ink4a sequence, and invasive melanomas that did not express Id1 were found to have sustained inactivating p16/ink4a mutations. These data suggest a role for Id1 in regulating p16/Ink4a expression in early melanomas and demonstrate that later genetic changes may provide for irreversible loss of p16 expression in advanced stages of this tumor.
일반논문 : 2013 봄 ; 공직의 정체성에 대한 연구: 공무원의 영혼에 대한 내러티브를 중심으로 (2013)

이명박 정부 때 나타난 ``영혼없는 공무원``이라는 표현 안에는 많은 쟁점들이 담겨 있다. 미디어 자료에 나타난 공무원의 영혼에 대한 내러티브는 영혼을 잃어버리게 된 원인, 영혼 없는 공무원의 행태, 그런 행동을 하게 되었을 때 나타나는 결과, 잃어버린 영혼을 회복하기 위한 방법 등등의 범주로 되어 있었다. 그리고 이와 같은 분석결과를 통해 3가지 시사점을 끌어낼 수 있었다. 첫째, 영혼이 없는 공무원이라는 표현은 지금까지 한국사회에서 만들어진 공무원에 대한 부정적 표현들 가운데 낙인효과가 가장 큰 메타상징으로 작용하고 있다. 이것은 통치권력과의 관계에서 행정이 전혀 재량권을 행사하지 못하는 상황을 의미한다. 둘째, 공무원에게 영혼이 없다는 것은 공무원으로서의 자아를 갖추지 못한 상황을 뜻한다. 자아 개념은 정체성의 가장 큰 축을 형성하기 때문에 영혼이 없는 공무원은 결국 공직에 대한 정체성이 없는 공무원을 지칭한다. 셋째, 공직에 대한 정체성이 없다는 것은 공공성을 수행하는 직업인으로서의 소명의식인 전문직업주의(professionalism)가 없다는 것이며, 이것은 공직자 집단 내의 행위규범과 집단윤리가 뿌리내리지 않았기 때문이다. 공무원에게 영혼이 있다는 것은 통치권력에 대해 최소한의 재량권을 행사하고, 공직에 대한 정체성과 전문직업주의가 구축된 상황을 의미한다.
Current controlled high Tc superconducting switch (1990)

When a current is applied above the critical current lc of a superconductor, the material is in its normal state and has a finite resistance. Below lc the material becomes a superconductor with zero resistance. Switching between these two states can be achieved by modulating a current through the sample. Various high Tc superconducting (HTS) line structures have been made. In the normal state these structures are ordinary resistors with resistances ranging from 10 μ to 100 kμ. The critical currents are in the range 10 μA–100 mA. Switching behaviour has been observed in a simple divider circuit using the HTS lines at 77 K. Applications of the current controlled HTS switch to digital and logic circuits are discussed.
Ecto-nucleotidases terminate purinergic signalling in the cochlear endolymphatic compartment. (1998)

There is strong evidence for a purinergic signalling system in the inner ear which regulates auditory sensitivity. This study describes the terminating mechanism for purinergic signalling in the cochlear endolymphatic compartment via ecto-nucleotidases. Exogenous ATP was introduced into the scala media (SM) of the isolated, perfused guinea-pig cochlea, and the effluent was assayed for the adenine nucleotide metabolites by reverse-phase HPLC. Tissue viability was confirmed by fluorescence imaging of cochlear tissues. Extracellular ATP degradation to adenosine was Ca2+/Mg2+ dependent, and was not affected by inhibitors of intracellular ATPases and non-specific alkaline phosphatase. High azide concentration (5 mM) and suramin produced an inhibitory effect on ATP hydrolysis, consistent with inhibition of E-type ATPase activity. The Vmax of ATP hydrolysis (2564 mumol min-1 SM-1) was indicative of high ecto-ATPase activity. Our results support the role of ecto-nucleotidases as a principal mechanism for termination of purinergic signalling within SM, a compartment of the cochlea showing considerable P2X receptor expression.
Bcl-2 overexpression prevents calcium overload and subsequent apoptosis in dystrophic myotubes (2006)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal disease caused by the lack of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Altered calcium homoeostasis and increased calcium concentrations in dystrophic fibres may be responsible for the degeneration of muscle occurring in DMD. In the present study, we used subsarcolemmal- and mitochondrial-targeted aequorin to study the effect of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein overexpression on carbachol-induced near-plasma membrane and mitochondrial calcium responses in myotubes derived from control C57 and dystrophic (mdx) mice. We show that Bcl-2 overexpression decreases subsarcolemmal and mitochondrial calcium overload that occurs during activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dystrophic myotubes. Moreover, our results suggest that overexpressed Bcl-2 protein may prevent near-plasma membrane and mitochondrial calcium overload by inhibiting IP3Rs (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors), which we have shown previously to be involved in abnormal calcium homoeostasis in dystrophic myotubes. Most likely as a consequence, the inhibition of IP3R function by Bcl-2 also inhibits calcium-dependent apoptosis in these cells.
Reducing the Cost of Path Property Monitoring Through Sampling (2008)

Run-time monitoring can provide important insights about a program's behavior and, for simple properties, it can be done efficiently. Monitoring properties describing sequences of program states and events, however, can result in significant run-time overhead. In this paper we present a novel approach to reducing the cost of run-time monitoring of path properties. Properties are composed to form a single integrated property that is then systematically decomposed into a set of properties that encode necessary conditions for property violations. The resulting set of properties forms a lattice whose structure is exploited to select a sample of properties that can lower monitoring cost, while preserving violation detection power relative to the original properties. Preliminary studies for a widely used Java API reveal that our approach produces a rich, structured set of properties that enables control of monitoring overhead, while detecting more violations than alternative techniques.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica from dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006. (2008)

A total of 92 canine/feline Pasteurella multocida strains form respiratory tract infections or infections of skin/ear/mouth as well as 42 canine/feline Bordetella bronchiseptica strains from respiratory tract infections were investigated for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. While the P. multocida strains were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested - except sulfonamides -, a considerable number of the B. bronchiseptica strains was resistant or exhibited high MIC values against a number of antimicrobial agents including penicillin G, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
AMD3100 reduces CXCR4-mediated survival and metastasis of osteosarcoma by inhibiting JNK and Akt, but not p38 or Erk1/2, pathways in in vitro and mouse experiments (2015)

Osteosarcoma (OS) has an unfavorable prognosis and tends to metastasize to lung tissue. Although the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis appears to affect progression and metastasis in numerous tumors, its mechanism and downstream pathways in OS remain unclear. We used western blotting and flow cytometry to detect CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in two OS cell lines (LM8 and Dunn). An MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects of CXCL12 and AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 antagonist, on cell viability. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze changes in apoptosis induced by serum deprivation following treatment with CXCL12 and AMD3100. A Transwell assay was used to assess cell migration in response to CXCL12 and AMD3100. Western blotting was performed to identify the phosphorylation of signaling molecules (JNK, c-Jun, Akt, p38 and Erk1/2) and expression of caspase-3 and -8, and PARP. Mouse models were employed to evaluate AMD3100 inhibition of primary OS growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CXCR4 expression was detected in LM8 but not Dunn cells, and neither cell line expressed CXCR7. The addition of CXCL12 induced the survival and migration of serum-starved CXCR4+ LM8 cells activating JNK and Akt pathways, which were abrogated by adding AMD3100. However, similar results were not observed in CXCR4- Dunn cells. CXCL12 protected LM8, but not Dunn cells, from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation by suppressing PARP cleavage, which was partly reversed by AMD3100. In a mouse model, AMD3100 reduced primary tumor growth and lung metastasis compared with the controls. Thus, the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis regulated OS survival and metastasis through the JNK and Akt pathways, and blocking them with AMD3100 was found to be a potential OS treatment.
Statins Could Be Used to Control Replication of Some Viruses, Including HIV-1 (2005)

Statins are mainly known for their plasma cholesterol-lowering properties and are widely used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. They however also exert pleiotropic effects through a variety of mechanisms, among which several immunosuppressive effects that are unrelated to their cholesterol-lowering activity. Interestingly, there has been recent evidence of antiviral effects, including preliminary studies on the efficacy of statins against HIV-1. This paper more particularly focuses on the specific inhibition of the binding of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by statins, independently of the inhibition of HMGCoA reductase. Targeting the statin-binding site within LFA-1 or regulating LFA-1 affinity by inhibiting prenylation of the small GTPases could prove useful to treat inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and possibly viral infections, including HIV-1.
Dynamic Operator Instructions Based on Augmented Reality and Rule-based Expert Systems (2016)

Augmented reality is currently a hot research topic within manufacturing and a great potential of the technique is seen. This study aims to increase the knowledge of the adaptation and usability of augmented reality for the training of operators. A new approach of using dynamic information content is proposed that is automatically adjusted to the individual operator and his/her learning progress for increased efficiency and shorter learning times. The approach make use of the concept of expert systems from the field of artificial intelligence for determine the information content on-line. A framework called “Augmented Reality Expert System” (ARES) is developed that combines AR and expert systems. A proof-of-concept evaluation of the framework is presented in the paper and possible future extensions are discussed.