gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Data Stream Mining: From Algorithms to Applications (2012)

This paper presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art in mobile data stream mining. This area of mobile data stream mining is significant for a number of new application domains such as mobile crowd sensing and mobile activity recognition. The paper presents the strategies and techniques for adaptation that are essential in order to perform real-time, continuous data mining on mobile devices. We present an overview of the algorithms research in this area. Finally, we discuss the key toolkits, systems and applications of mobile data stream mining.
Wellsite Mineralogical Data Acquisition; Understanding Results from Multiple Analytical Sources (2015)

Abstract Technological advances in both equipment and computer software have enabled the implementation of new approaches in generation of mineralogical datasets at petroleum wellsites. These datasets are currently utilized by hydraulic fracturing engineers to assist in designing optimized fracture stage intervals in horizontal wellbores, rather than using evenly spaced intervals between treatment stages. Mineralogical data is generated by downhole wireline logging tools, and on drill cuttings, conventional wholecores, and rotary sidewall coreplugs utilizing a variety of analytical instrumentation techniques. This paper documents a study undertaken to assess mineralogical datasets generated on comparable samples, focused on evaluating analytical limitations and variances, toward obtaining consistent mineralogical results. Instrumentation typically used to generate these datasets include x -ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma techniques (ICP mass spectroscopy or ICP optical emission spectroscopy). Variables introduced into the analysis in addition to the different analytical techniques include sample types and sizes, sampling methods, sample preparation, drilling mud contaminants, lithological heterogeneity, and depth correlations between cuttings, cores, and wireline measurements. As the study evolved it became clear that wellsite sampling and preparation protocols needed to be properly defined to assure sample quality and accurate sample depth reference. Analytical equipment limitations must be fully understood, as should differences in measurement technologies both in the laboratory and at the wellsite. Equipment destined for wellsite analysis was evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment using reference mineral standards and standard mixtures to understand testing limitations and refine mineral phase calculations. Mineral terminologies, classifications, compositions, and the resulting databases were reviewed for consistency. Multiple cuttings and core sample sets from conventional sandstones, carbonates, and current mudrock plays such as the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales were sub-divided and analyzed to allow direct comparisons of generated datasets. Complementary testing was conducted to confirm data quality. This study yielded increased confidence in wellsite and laboratory analyses, including caveats where necessary, procedural guidelines for each analytical technique, and verification of deliverables appropriate to unconventional mudstone reservoirs. Example datasets, graphical comparisons, and report formats are included. The resultant wellsite datasets, in tandem with additional wellsite analytics, enhance confidence in optimized fracture stage interval decisions.
VALUE OF IN VITRO CD4+ T HELPER CELL FUNCTION TEST FOR PREDICTING LONG-TERM LOSS OF HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS (1994)

Schulick, Richard D.; Muluk, Satish C.; Clerici, Mario; Bermas, Bonnie L.; Via, Charles S.; Weir, Matthew R.; Shearer, Gene M. Author Information
Implementing agricultural land-use in the CARAIB dynamic vegetation model (2014)

CARAIB (Dury et al., iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 4:82-99, 2011) is a state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation model with various modules dealing with (i) soil hydrology, (ii) photosynthesis/stomatal regulation, (iii) carbon allocation and biomass growth, (iv) litter/soil carbon dynamics, (v) vegetation cover dynamics, (vi) seed dispersal, and (vii) vegetation fires. Climate and atmospheric CO2 are the primary inputs. The model calculates all major water and CO2/carbon fluxes and pools. It can be run with plant functional types or species (up to 100 different species) at various spatial scales, from the municipality to country or continental levels. Within the VOTES project (Fontaine et al., Journal of Land Use Science, 2013, DOI:10.1080/1747423X.2013.786150), the model has been improved to include crops and meadows, and some modules have been written to translate model outputs into quantitative indicators of ecosystem services (e.g., evaluate crop yield from net primary productivity or calculate soil erosion from runoff, slope, grown species and various soil attributes). The model was run over an area covering four municipalities in central Belgium, where land-use is dominated by crops, meadows, housing and some forests and was introduced in the model at the land parcel level. Simulations were also performed for the future. In these simulations, CARAIB was combined with the Aporia Agent-Based Model, to project land-use changes up to 2050. This approach is currently extended within the MASC project (funded by Belgian Science Policy, BELSPO) to the whole Belgian territory (at 1 km2) and to Western Europe (at 20 km x 20 km).
A Method for Freezing and Washing Red Blood Cells Using a High Glycerol Concentration (1972)

A modification of previously reported methods for freezing red blood cells with a high concentration of glycerol is described. The limits of osmotic tolerance of human red blood cells range from one‐half to four times isotonic. The introduction and removal of glycerol creates transient osmotic gradients that can exceed these limits. It is shown that much of the cell lysis following thawing and during washing can be related to hypertonic injury incurred during the glycerolizing procedure. Refinements of this portion of the process produce significant gains in recovery. Problems associated with washing out a high concentration of glycerol by centrifugal means can be alleviated by a preliminary dilution with hypertonic sodium chloride which serves also to reduce cell volume and increase cell specific gravity improving sedimentation characteristics and affording more latitude for the hypotonic stresses associated with glycerol removal. Careful attenion to the osmotic limits during both glycerolizing and washing results in a process in which hemolysis from freezing, thawing and washing can be reduced to less than three per cent.
Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research Phase II: N+4 Advanced Concept Development (2012)

This final report documents the work of the Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) team on Task 1 of the Phase II effort. The team consisted of Boeing Research and Technology, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, General Electric, and Georgia Tech. Using a quantitative workshop process, the following technologies, appropriate to aircraft operational in the N+4 2040 timeframe, were identified: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Hydrogen, fuel cell hybrids, battery electric hybrids, Low Energy Nuclear (LENR), boundary layer ingestion propulsion (BLI), unducted fans and advanced propellers, and combinations. Technology development plans were developed.
Polymyalgia rheumatica in patients with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1996)

In our series, PMR with a normal ESR accounted for approximately one-fifth of all PMR patients, more commonly in men. The lack of characteristically abnormal laboratory findings may result in a delay in the proper diagnosis and management of this condition.
Designing UltraSparc for testability (1997)

With a focus on a short time to volume production, the UltraSparc microprocessor design incorporated innovative features that optimize test, debug and manufacture. The following areas are discussed: goals; cost-benefit analysis; scan design; decoded multiplexer; test generation flow; custom circuit blocks; boundary cell design; embedded array testing; and clock control features.
African perspectives on countering weapons of mass destruction (2008)

On 28 April 2004, the United Nations' Security Council adopted Resolution 1540 at its 4956th meeting. It was the first formal decision by the Security Council, affirming that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security. Th e resolution, with extended mandates through Resolution 1673 (until April 2006) and Resolution 1810 (until April 2011), imposes binding obligations on all states to refrain from providing any form of support to non-state actors that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery. The resolution thus aims at denying non-state actors access to the means (nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons) by which a terrorist act could be conducted. All states are thus required to adopt and enforce domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of such weapons. This paper assesses African attitudes towards Resolution 1540 as well as the challenges to, and progress made in, its implementation.
Thermal conductivity measurement under hydrostatic pressure using the 3ω method (2004)

We have designed and modeled new techniques, based on the 3ω method, to measure thermal conductivity of liquids (κl) and solids (κs) under hydrostatic pressure (P). The system involves a solid sample immersed in a liquid pressure medium, both of which have unknown thermal properties. The temperature (T) and P dependance of κl are first determined through the use of a modified 3ω technique. This method uses a conducting wire (Pt, in this work), which is immersed in the pressure medium, as the heater/sensor. In addition to κl, this allows for the accurate determination of the specific heat per volume of the liquid and Pt, (ρC)l and (ρC)Pt, respectively. The information of κl and (ρC)l can then be used to make corrections to measurements of κs, in which the sample is immersed in the pressure medium, and a metal strip acts as the heater/sensor. We present the T and P dependence of κl and (ρC)l for the widely used pressure medium 3M Fluorinert FC77 up to 0.8 GPa. The measurement of κs for a thermoelectric clathrate material, Sr8Ga16Ge30, in FC77 is analyzed in detail, and the refined data achieves an accuracy of 1%. The setup can be modified to measure κ and ρC up to 3.5 GPa.
Enhanced Gas Turbine Combustor Performance Using H2-Enriched Natural Gas (1999)

A screening level study has been carried out to examine the potential of using H2-enriched natural gas to improve the combustion performance of gas turbines. H2 has wider flammability limits and a higher flame speed than methane. Many previous studies have shown that when H2 is added to fuel, more efficient combustion and lower emissions will result. However, to date no commercial attempt has been made to improve the combustion performance of a natural gas-fired gas turbine by supplementing the fuel with H2. Four potential options for supplementing natural gas with H2 have been analyzed. Three of these options use the exhaust heat of the gas turbine either directly or indirectly to partially reform methane. The fourth option uses liquid H2 supplied from an industrial gas producer.
Investigation of electromagnetic field coupling from DC-DC buck converters to automobile AM/FM antennas (2016)

DC-DC buck converters are widely used in modern automotive applications due to their high power efficiency. However, they are also a major cause of electromagnetic emissions due to the nature of the fast switching voltages and currents. In modern automobiles there are as many as 24 antennas [2015], and the number will continue to increase in coming years. The close proximity of electronic modules and antennas create a complex electromagnetic environment. Hence computational electromagnetic field simulation tools are required to predict the EM interactions early in the product development phase. This paper examines the electromagnetic interaction of 500 kHz buck converter with AM band antenna by measurement and simulation. Vehicle level interference in the AM band resulting from the buck converter is measured and analyzed. A mitigation technique achieving more than 27 dB of EMI noise suppression is suggested and numerically examined.
A Study on the Language and Literature Division of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1991)

In this study, Two divisions(language and literature) in schemes of the DDC are discussed. And the adaptation of these divisions to the minor or oriential countries are seggested. In spite of the continuous study and revision of the experts, the frameworks of these systems are still kept unchanged. Only their subdivisions, reflecting those developments In the academic world are developed and detailed more sophisticatedly. Of those subdivisions in DDC, especially the two subdivisions of language and literature are seriously unbalanced. The two divisions give the attention too much to the Western including the English, Deutsch and French. Relatively the languages and literatures of the other nations are treated lightly. It results more problems to the Oriental and the minor nations. So, the libraries of these nations should modify the schedules and develop the subdivisions items of the local emphasis. Considering these problems the historical changes of the DDC system in the languages and literatures are clarified and the problems occurring from unbalanced allocation of the classed items are examined.
Complete genome sequence of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>NCFM (2005)

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium that has been produced commercially since 1972. The complete genome is 1,993,564 nt and devoid of plasmids. The average GC content is 34.71% with 1,864 predicted ORFs, of which 72.5% were functionally classified. Nine phage-related integrases were predicted, but no complete prophages were found. However, three unique regions designated as potential autonomous units (PAUs) were identified. These units resemble a unique structure and bear characteristics of both plasmids and phages. Analysis of the three PAUs revealed the presence of two R/M systems and a prophage maintenance system killer protein. A spacers interspersed direct repeat locus containing 32 nearly perfect 29-bp repeats was discovered and may provide a unique molecular signature for this organism. In silico analyses predicted 17 transposase genes and a chromosomal locus for lactacin B, a class II bacteriocin. Several mucus- and fibronectin-binding proteins, implicated in adhesion to human intestinal cells, were also identified. Gene clusters for transport of a diverse group of carbohydrates, including fructooligosaccharides and raffinose, were present and often accompanied by transcriptional regulators of the lacI family. For protein degradation and peptide utilization, the organism encoded 20 putative peptidases, homologs for PrtP and PrtM, and two complete oligopeptide transport systems. Nine two-component regulatory systems were predicted, some associated with determinants implicated in bacteriocin production and acid tolerance. Collectively, these features within the genome sequence of L. acidophilus are likely to contribute to the organisms' gastric survival and promote interactions with the intestinal mucosa and microbiota.
Roles of Kr&uuml;ppel-like factor 4 in normal homeostasis, cancer and stem cells (2008)

Krüpel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger-type transcription factor expressed in a variety of tissues, including the epithelium of the intestine and the skin, and it plays an important role in differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Depending on the gene targeted, KLF4 can both activate and repress transcription. Moreover, in certain cellular contexts, KLF4 can function as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene. Finally, KLF4 is important in reprogramming differentiated fibroblasts into inducible pluripotent stem cells, which highly resemble embryonic stem cells. This review summarizes what is known about the diverse functions of KLF4 as well as their molecular mechanisms.
InGaAs/InP double-heterostructure bipolar transistors with near-ideal β versus I<sub>C</sub>characteristic (1986)

InGaAs/InP double-heterostructure bipolar transistors (DHBT's) with current gain β ∼ 630 have been realized using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). These devices exhibit near-ideal β versus I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> characteristic (i.e., β independent of I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</inf> ) with a small-signal gain <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h_{fe} \sim 180</tex> at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I_{C} \sim 2</tex> nA. In comparison, we find <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta \sim I_{C}^{0.5}</tex> for a high-quality AlGaAs/GaAs HBT grown by OMCVD. The higher emitter injection efficiency at low collector current levels found in the InGaAs/InP DHBT is due to at least a factor 100 smaller surface recombination current.
A Framework for Word Embedding Based Automatic Text Summarization and Evaluation (2020)

Text summarization is a process of producing a concise version of text (summary) from one or more information sources. If the generated summary preserves meaning of the original text, it will help the users to make fast and effective decision. However, how much meaning of the source text can be preserved is becoming harder to evaluate. The most commonly used automatic evaluation metrics like Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) strictly rely on the overlapping n-gram units between reference and candidate summaries, which are not suitable to measure the quality of abstractive summaries. Another major challenge to evaluate text summarization systems is lack of consistent ideal reference summaries. Studies show that human summarizers can produce variable reference summaries of the same source that can significantly affect automatic evaluation metrics scores of summarization systems. Humans are biased to certain situation while producing summary, even the same person perhaps produces substantially different summaries of the same source at different time. This paper proposes a word embedding based automatic text summarization and evaluation framework, which can successfully determine salient top-n sentences of a source text as a reference summary, and evaluate the quality of systems summaries against it. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective and able to outperform several baseline methods with regard to both text summarization systems and automatic evaluation metrics when tested on a publicly available dataset.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 2‘-Deoxy-4‘-thio Purine Nucleosides (1996)

A series of 2'-deoxy-4'-thioribo purine nucleosides was prepared by trans-N-deoxyribosylase-catalyzed reaction of 2'-deoxy-4'-thiouridine with a variety of purine bases. This synthetic procedure is an improvement over methods previously used to prepare purine 4'-thio nucleosides. The compounds were tested against hepatitis B virus (HBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Cytotoxicity was determined in a number of cell lines. Several compounds were extremely potent against HBV and HCMV and had moderate to severe cytotoxicity in vitro. The lead compound from the series, 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purine 2'-deoxy-4'-thioriboside, was the most potent and selective agent against HCMV and HBV replication in vitro; however, this analogue was nephrotoxic when tested in vivo.
Experiments in processing pictorial information with a digital computer (1958)

In almost all digital data processing machine applications, the input data made available to the machine are the result of some prior processing. This processing is done manually in many applications. Thus, such inputs as punched cards, magnetic tape, and punched paper tape often are the result of a manual processing operation in which a human being is required to inspect visually an array of printed characters and to describe these data in a form capable of being processed by machine. In recognition of the importance of automating such operations, many investigations have been undertaken to devise automatic character sensing equipment. Suppose, however, that we attempt to view such efforts in proper perspective. We find a more fundamental problem that has, heretofore, failed to receive the attention that it warrants. The problem is one of making directly available to a computer pictorial information which would ordinarily be visually processed by human beings before being fed to a data processing system. This pictorial information may range from such highly stylized forms as printed characters, diagrams, schematic drawings, emblems, and designs through less stylized forms in cartoons and handwritten characters to such highly amorphous forms as photographs of real objects, e.g., people, aerial views, and microscopic and telescopic images.
Repetitive vacuum ultraviolet xenon excimer laser (1979)

A repetitive, tunable, high-power vacuum ultraviolet laser operating on the 172-nm bound-free transition in xenon has been developed for use in photochemistry, selective excitation spectroscopy, and in the generation of coherent radiation in the XUV spectral region. A compact high-voltage generator is employed in conjunction with a coaxial cold-cathode diode to pump high-pressure xenon at a repetition rate of up to 10 Hz, though at present gas heating limits the operation of the laser to 0.5 Hz. The apparatus has been designed for compatibility with fluorine, and is consequently a suitable pumping source for the rare gas halide exciplex lasers. The gas handling techniques which enabled reliable, reproducible laser action to be achieved in xenon for several hundred pulses are described.
Long-term persistence of cytomegalovirus genome in cultured human cells of prostatic origin (1975)

Cells from prostatic tissue obtained from a 3-year-old male donor exhibited scattered foci of cytopathology on primary culture. A virus was isolated and shown by serological analysis to be cytomegalovirus (CMV). After a number of cell culture passages, a cell line (disignated CMV-Mj-P) was obtained in which foci of infection could no longer be demonstrated, nor could virus be rescued. On continued passage the doubling time of the cells decreased markedly, and the fibroblastoid cells ceased to demonstrate contact inhibition. CMV-specific antigen(s) was detected on the surface of the cells by indirect immunofluorescence techniques after exposure of the cultures to iododeoxyuridine. Microcytotoxocity tests established that CMV-Mj-P cells, but not control human prostate cells or human embryonic lung cells, share a membrane antigen with hamster cells transformed by CMV. Nucleic acid hybridization studies revealed that virus genetic information was carried by the human prostate cells and that the cells contained an average of about 10 to 15 genome equivalents of CMV DNA. Karyotypic analysis confirmed that the CMV-Mj-P cells were of human male origin. These results indicate that the cells either have been transformed by CMV or are chronically infected with CMV and releasing virus at levels below detection.