gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on 3-aminoindazoles. I. Synthesis of 1- or 3-(substituted 3-amino)indazoles. (1987)

Various 1-or 3- (substituted 3-amino) indazoles with anti-inflammatory effects were synthesized by means of three methods, as follows. 1) Reactions of 3-aminoindazole (1) with acrylamides (2a and 2b) gave amide derivatives (3a and 3b) having a carbamoylethylamino group at the 3-position of 3a and 3b. The amide derivatives (3a and 3b) were converted to thioamide derivatives (4a and 4b) by treatment with P2S5. Electrode reduction of 4a and 4b gave 3- (substituted 3-amino) indazoles (5a and 5b). 2) The reaction of 1 with aminoalkyl. halides (6c-r) gave 3- (substituted 3-amino) indazoles (5c-r) and 1- (substituted 3-amino) indazoles (7c-r) in a ratio of 3 : 1. 3) The reaction of 1 with phthalic anhydride (8) gave 3-phthalimidoindazole (9). Compound 9 was allowed to react with aminoalkyl halides (6o-r) to give 1-substituted derivatives (10s-z) of 9, Reactions of 10a-z with hydrazine hydrate gave 1- (substituted 3-amino) indazole derivatives (5s-z).
Structure-Performance Correlations in Spray-Processable Green Dioxythiophene-Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Polymer Electrochromes (2012)

The continuing search for relevant structure–property relationships in the area of organic electronics is expected to impact both intrinsic material performance capability and the viability of their implementation in a broad range of device applications. Cathodically coloring π-conjugated polymer electrochromes represent a class of materials potentially attractive for low-cost and nonemissive flexible display devices including e-paper. Nonetheless, both the synthetic access to a full range of visible colors and the ability to produce solution-processable systems that switch rapidly and durably from a colored neutral state to a highly transmissive doped state upon electrochemical oxidation require that material structure–property relationships be carefully examined. In this report, we correlate molecular structure effects, redox properties, and electrochromic performance for a series of rationally designed neutral-state green polymers composed of electron-rich 3,4-dioxythiophene (DOT) units and the electron-deficient core 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD). While homopolymers synthesized from 3,4-alkylenedioxy-bridged monomers including 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes (ProDOT) have shown particularly desirable redox-switching properties in the early years of electrochromic polymer development, their “unbridged” dialkoxythiophene counterparts (DalkOTs) have not raised the same initial interest. Herein, it is shown that low band gap systems relying on DalkOT units and electron-deficient BTD cores could represent viable alternatives to their ProDOT-based counterparts in electrochemical devices involving green-to-transmissive switching electrochromes. Interestingly, provided the set of materials examined in this study, the long-term switching stability of the ProDOT-co-BTD system remains superior to that of its polymeric analog relying on DalkOTs – exhibiting less than 15% loss of contrast over 20,000 switching cycles (atmospheric conditions). Long-term cycle life is further demonstrated in a window-type device integrating the ProDOT-co-BTD system. DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level suggest subtle variations in the energy-band structure of the polymer repeat-units and predict the existence of the dual band of optical absorption exhibited by the low-band gap polymers.
Catalisadores metalocênicos suportados para a produção de poliolefinas: revisão das estratégias de imobilização (2011)

IMMOBILIZATION STRATEGIES. The inadequacy of strategies used for the heterogeneization of metallocene catalysts is pointed out as one of the main causes of the lack of industrial employability of such polymerization catalysts. The main problems are the necessity of large quantity of MAO (cocatalyst) and the inability to control molecular mass distribution of the polymers. Based on this background, the main strategies for the heterogeneization of metallocenes are here reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are presented and discussed on theoretical and practical perspective. Considering the results reported on the different researches, outcomes of heterogeneization strategies are pointed out.
Cloud based Video Storage System with privacy protection (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel method to protect privacy information for the Cloud based Video Storage System (CVSS). We present how this system stores the video stream data transferred from the network connected camera such as IP CCTV. As the system receives the video stream, it masks the privacy related part, such as facial information or car plate number and so on, of the video stream data with a scrambling key and it also encrypts the scrambled video stream data with an encryption key. In this paper, we also present how the system retrieves the privacy information protected video image requested by either the network control centre or end users. When the network control centre or end user requests the networked video, it retrieves the corresponding video image from the video storage first. Then, it decrypts the image with the decryption key and unscrambles the decrypted image with the unscrambling key. Then it transfers the network video back to the network control center or to the end-user.
Fluorescence and Stimulated Emission from Trivalent Europium in Yttrium Oxide (1963)

Measurements are reported of the absorption, emission, and excitation spectra of Eu3+ in Y2O3, and also of fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency. An approximate level scheme is given. Conditions for laser action are calculated, and the results of a laser experiment are described. The importance of a strong ultraviolet excitation band probably corresponding to transitions from f-electron to d-electron levels is indicated.
Lasers get the green light (2010)

The problem of stretching the emission wavelength toward green comes down to a single challenge: increasing the indium content in the indium gallium nitride quantum well while maintaining the material's quality.
Fast and stable animation of cloth with an approximated implicit method (2002)

Realistic animation of soft objects such as cloth is essential for plausible character animation. Many techniques have been proposed for the simulation of soft objects, and most of them are based on numerical integration. Among the techniques, the implicit integration method is the most likely technique for real time environments, since it allows large time steps for cloth simulation by ensuring the stability of systems. However the most critical flaw of the implicit method is that it involves a large linear system. The paper presents a fast animation technique for animating soft objects based on a mass-spring model with an approximated implicit method which does not involve linear system solving. The proposed technique stably updates the state of n mass-points in O(n) time when the number of total springs are O(n). Because the mass-spring model shows a superelastic effect, the excessively deformed springs (i.e., super-elongated springs) should be adjusted for reality. The paper presents an efficient inverse dynamics process to adjust the super-elongated springs.
Photoinitiated cationic polymerization with triarylsulfonium salts (1979)

Abstract Triarylsulfonium salts Ar 3 S + MX with complex metal halide anions such as BF , AsF , PF , and SbF are a new class of highly efficient photoinitiators for cationic polymerization. In this article we describe several synthetic routes to the preparation of these compounds along with their physical and spectroscopic properties. Mechanistic studies have shown that when these compounds are irradiated at wavelengths of 190–365 nm carbon–sulfur bond cleavage occurs to form radical fragments. At the same time the strong Br∅︁nsted acid HMX n , which is the active initiator of cationic polymerization that takes place in subsequent “dark” steps, is also produced. A study of the parameters that affect the photolysis of triarylsulfonium salts is reported with a measurement of the absolute quantum yields. The cationic polymerizations of four typical monomers—styrene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether—with triarylsulfonium salt photoinitiators are described.
Sin Nombre Viral RNA Load in Patients with Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (2006)

To address the role that viral load plays in pathogenesis in patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), we quantified Sin Nombre virus S segment viral RNA in plasma samples from 27 acutely ill patients. For 6 patients, we examined viral load in matched plasma, urine, and/or tracheal aspirate throughout the time when the patients were in intensive care. Peak titers in plasma reached 1.8 x 106 copies/mL; none of the patients had viral RNA in urine. Titers in tracheal aspirates did not exceed 8 x 104 copies/mL. We found a statistically significant association (P < .005) between plasma viral RNA levels at admission to the hospital and the severity of disease. Of those with plasma viral RNA titers above the threshold for assay sensitivity (5000 copies/mL), those with mild-moderate and severe disease had an average of 27,800 and 438,545 copies/mL, respectively. These results suggest that patients with high viral loads on admission are more likely to have severe disease.
Exploring the optimal chunk selection policy for data-driven P2P streaming systems (2009)

Data-driven P2P streaming systems can potentially provide good playback rate to a large number of viewers. One important design problem in such P2P systems is to determine the optimal chunk selection policy that provides high continuity playback under the server's upload capacity constraint. We present a general and unified mathematical framework to analyze a large class of chunk selection policies. The analytical framework is asymptotically exact when the number of viewers is large. More importantly, we provide some interesting observations on the optimal chunk selection policy: it is of shaped and becomesmore greedy as the upload capacity of the server increases. This insight helps content providers to deploy large scale streaming systems with a QoS-guarantee under a given cost constraint.
Automatic recognition of dutch dysarthric speech: a pilot study. (2002)

This paper describes a feasibility study into automatic recognition of Dutch dysarthric speech. Recognition experiments with speaker independent and speaker dependent models are compared, for tasks with different perplexities. The results show that speaker dependent speech recognition for dysarthric speakers is very well possible, even for higher perplexity tasks.
Static analysis of dynamic scripting languages (2009)

Scripting languages, such as PHP, are among the most widely used and fastest growing programming languages, particularly for web applications. Static analysis is an important tool for detecting security flaws, finding bugs, and improving compilation of programs. However, static analysis of scripting languages is difficult due to features found in languages such as PHP. These features include run-time code generation, dynamic weak typing, dynamic aliasing, implicit object and array creation, and overloading of simple operators. We find that as a result, simple analysis techniques such as SSA and def-use chains are not straight-forward to use, and that a single unconstrained variable can ruin our analysis. In this paper we describe a static analyser for PHP, and show how classical static analysis techniques can be extended to analyse PHP. In particular our analysis combines alias analysis, type-inference and constantpropagation for PHP, computing results that are essential for other analyses and optimizations. We find that this combination of techniques allows the generation of meaningful and useful results from our static analysis. 1. Motivation In recent years the importance of dynamic scripting languages — such as PHP, Python, Ruby and Javascript — has grown as they are used for an increasing amount of software development. Scripting languages provide high-level language features, a fast compilemodify-test environment for rapid prototyping, strong integration with database and web development systems, and extensive standard libraries. PHP powers many of the most popular web applications such as Facebook, Wikipedia and Yahoo. In general, there is a trend towards writing an increasing amount of an application in a scripting language rather than in a traditional programming language, not least to avoid the complexity of crossing between
Dissolution of Candida antarctica lipase B in ionic liquids: effects on structure and activity (2004)

The effects of ionic liquid media on the activity of Candida antarctica lipase B in a simple transesterification reaction were studied. In ionic liquids containing alkylsulfate, nitrate and lactate anions, which dissolved CaLB, the reaction was at least ten times slower than in [BMIm][BF4]. Only [Et3MeN][MeSO4] was an exception, as dissolved CaLB maintained its activity in this solvent. By means of FT-IR spectroscopy, denaturation of CaLB was observed upon dissolution in ionic liquids in which the activity was low, whereas the conformation of enzyme dissolved in [Et3MeN][MeSO4] closely resembled the native one.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEANDER LINE POLARIZER (2009)

A multifunctional meander line polarizer is described. The polarizer is capable of effecting conversions between linear and circular polarization and between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization. It can also cause arbitrary rotation of linear polarization, including converting a wave from horizontal polarization to vertical. The polarizer is analyzed by the spectral domain approach.
Mechanical Properties of Ni<SUB>3</SUB>Al with Ternary Addition of Transition Metal Elements (1986)

A systematic investigation is carried out on the temperature dependence of strength in ternary Ni3Al compounds with additions of transition metal elements. The rate of solid solution hardening per one atomic percent of the solute, dσ⁄dc, is determined for each of the ternary addition using the compressive flow stress measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. It is found that dσd⁄dc can not be simply correlated with the rate of lattice parameter change, da⁄dc, although a linear correlation has been found for the addition of B-subgroup elements. The rate of change in activation energy to provide the anomalous positive temperature dependence of strength per one atomic percent of the solute, dU⁄dc, is then evaluated. Together with the results for the addition of B-subgroup elements, the apparent valence is assigned for each transition metal element by an analogy utilizing equi-valence contour determined for B-subgroup elements. Then it becomes possible to discuss the relative magnitude of the mechanical anomaly in Ni3Al in terms of the phase stability concept of L12 phase, in which e⁄a ratio as well as the atomic radius ratio of the compound, RB⁄RA, as affected by ternary addition is an important parameter to alter the stability of the phase against other geometrically close packed phases.
American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (2006)

Linda Nici, Claudio Donner, Emiel Wouters, Richard Zuwallack, Nicolino Ambrosino, Jean Bourbeau, Mauro Carone, Bartolome Celli, Marielle Engelen, Bonnie Fahy, Chris Garvey, Roger Goldstein, Rik Gosselink, Suzanne Lareau, Neil MacIntyre, Francois Maltais, Mike Morgan, Denis O’Donnell, Christian Prefault, Jane Reardon, Carolyn Rochester, Annemie Schols, Sally Singh, and Thierry Troosters, on behalf of the ATS/ERS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Writing Committee
Analysis of Unsteadiness on Casing Treatment Mechanisms in an Axial Compressor (2011)

Control devices based on casing treatments have already shown their capability to improve the flow stability in compressors. However their optimization remains complex due to a partial understanding of the related physical mechanisms. The present paper proposes to use a budget analysis of the Navier Stokes equations to support the understanding of such flow phenomena. Based on the original work of Shabbir and Adamczyk (2005), the strength of the present contribution is to generalize the flow analysis method to all Navier-Stokes equations, including unsteady terms. A high-pressure multistage compressor equipped with circumferential casing grooves is chosen to demonstrate the potential of this approach. Steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations are solved with a structured multi-blocks solver. Results are then briefly compared to experimental data to validate the numerical method. The analysis of the unsteady axial momentum equation for configurations with and without casing treatment points out some of the mechanisms responsible for the stability improvement. The analysis also indicates that the flow unsteadiness generated by upstream stator wakes (stator/rotor interaction) reduces viscous efforts and increases convective forces, significantly modifying the compressor stability. Finally, the proposed post processing method shows very interesting results for the understanding of circumferential grooves and it should be also used for non-axisymmetric casing treatment configurations.
Rear surface passivation of high-efficiency silicon solar cells by a floating junction (1996)

The passivated emitter, rear locally diffused (PERL) cells, fabricated in our laboratory, reach an efficiency of 24.0%, the highest value for any silicon-based solar cell under terrestrial illumination. In an attempt to improve the rear surface passivation, which is usually obtained by a thermally grown oxide, we add a floating (i.e., noncontacted) p–n junction at the rear surface, resulting in the passivated emitter, rear floating p–n junction (PERF) cell design. Although these cells exhibit record 1-sun open-circuit voltages of up to 720 mV, their efficiency is degraded by nonlinearities (‘‘shoulders’’) in the logarithmic I–V curves. In order to understand and manipulate such nonlinearities, this paper presents a detailed investigation of the internal operation of PERF cells by means of numerical modelling based on experimentally determined device parameters. From the model, we derive design rules for optimum cell performance and develop a generalized argumentation that is suitable to compare the passivation properties of different surface structures. For example, the oxidized rear surface of the PERL cell is treated as an electrostatically induced floating junction in this approach and analogies to the diffused floating p–n junction are drawn. Our simulations indicate that optimum rear surface passivation can be obtained in three different ways. (i) The floating junction of the PERF cell should be very lightly doped, resulting in a sheet resistivity of 5000 Ω/⧠, and losses due to shunt leaking paths between the p–n junction and the rear metal contacts must be avoided. (ii) The rear surface of the PERL cell should be passivated by chemical vapor deposition of a silicon nitride film containing a larger positive interface charge density than exists in thermally grown oxides. (iii) An external gate can be added at the rear with low leakage currents and gate voltages of around 15 V.
Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Water Activated by Non‐thermal Plasma Above and Beneath the Water Surface (2014)

A direct current atmospheric pressure cold plasma microjet (PMJ) was used to produce plasma activated water (PAW) in two generation modes above (PAW‐A) and beneath (PAW‐B) the water surface. The physicochemical characteristics and biological effects of them were measured respectively. Results showed that PAW‐B exhibited stronger disinfection efficiency than PAW‐A, which was associated with ORP and conductivity, but not pH value, temperature, H 2 O 2 , NO 3 − or NO 2 − . Furthermore, the cell membrane integrity and membrane potential of S. aureus were destroyed more severely by PAW‐B. More importantly, a significant increase of intracellular ROS was induced by PAW‐B, which was supposed to contribute most to the sterilization. This work provides valuable guidance for the production and wide applications of PAW.
Tapering of Multitransmit Digital Beamforming Arrays (2008)

Various taper functions are well known to suppress side lobes in antenna array factors. These tapers are limited to either transmit or receive arrays and are mostly restricted to arrays with a high number of elements. This paper presents an approach for applying taper functions also to digital beamforming (DBF) arrays with transmitter multiplexing. For such DBF configurations, taper functions have not been known yet. An example for a multiple transmit DBF taper will be given which is dedicated for low number of elements.
Design and Evaluation by Nitrogen Balance and Blood Aminograms of an Amino Acid Mixture for Total Parenteral Nutrition of Adults with Gastrointestinal Disease (1974)

This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of an amino acid mixture formulated for intravenous use from estimates of requirements for essential amino acids of human adults, and from data previously derived from a study using casein hydrolysate as the amino acid source. This mixture contained 39.4% essential amino acids, with glycine, alanine, arginine, histidine, and proline selected to supply the nonessential nitrogen. Nitrogen balance and blood aminograms were measured in six adult patients with gastrointestinal disease, fed intravenously for 1 wk at each of three levels of amino acid intake, while all other nutrients were constant and adequate in relation to body weight. Four of the patients were then fed 1.0 g/kg of egg or meat protein orally for 1 wk at the end of the 3 wk study, while all nutrients other than the amino acids were fed intravenously. Average nitrogen balances of -0.8, 0.5, and 2.2 g/day were observed when the amounts of amino acids infused were 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Fasting levels of threonine, glycine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and arginine, but not of the other amino acids, increased with the increment in input, although the levels were generally lower than normal. The increase in blood concentration observed during infusion was similar for each of the essential amino acids, indicating that the supply of each of the amino acids was much better balanced for utilization than casein hydrolysate. However the blood aminograms did suggest that some changes in composition of the mixture for the malnourished adult were desirable, such that the amino acid mixture resembled that needed by the normal growing child. Nitrogen balance in the four patients fed orally with high-quality protein averaged 2.0 g/day, showing that an amino acid mixture given intravenously, provided it is well-balanced, can be utilized as efficiently as protein given orally. It is concluded that the prediction of oral requirements for amino acids should be combined with observations on changes in blood aminograms during infusion over a range of amino acid input in the development of amino acid mixtures for intravenous feeding.