gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Population History Using JC Virus: Amerinds, Spanish, and Africans in the Ancestry of Modern Puerto Ricans (2001)

The roots of the Hispanic populations of the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America go back to three continents of the Old World. In Puerto Rico major genetic contributions have come from (1) Asians in the form of the aboriginal Taino population, an Arawak tribe, present when Columbus arrived on the Island, (2) Europeans, largely Spanish explorers, settlers, government administrators, and soldiers, and (3) Africans who came as part of the slave trade. Since JC virus (JCV) genotypes characteristic of Asia, Europe, and Africa have been identified, and excretion of JCV in urine has been proposed as a marker for human migrations, we sought to characterize the JCV strains present in a Caribbean Hispanic population. We found that the strains of JCV present today in Puerto Rico are those derived from the Old World populations represented there: Types 1B and 4 from Spain, Types 3A, 3B, and 6 from Africa, and Type 2A from Asia. The Type 2A genotype represents the indigenous Taino people. This JCV genotype was represented much more frequently (61%) than would be predicted by the trihybrid model of genetic admixture. This might be attributable to characteristics of JCV Type 2A itself, as well as to the nature of the early relationships between Spanish men and native women. These findings indicate that the JCV strains carried by the Taino Indians can be found in today's Puerto Rican population despite the apparent demise of these people more than two centuries ago. Therefore, molecular characterization of JCV provides a tool to supplement genetic techniques for reconstructing population histories including admixed populations.
Topical glycopyrronium tosylate for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: Results from the ATMOS-1 and ATMOS-2 phase 3 randomized controlled trials (2018)

GT applied topically on a daily basis over 4 weeks reduced the severity of sweating as measured by ASDD-Item 2, reduced sweat production as measured gravimetrically, and was generally well tolerated in patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.
Pendulum Electrons in Micro Hollow Cathode Discharges (2008)

Micro hollow cathode discharges were simulated by using a particle-in-cell coupled with a Monte Carlo collision model to observe the pendulum electron phenomenon. Energetic electrons generated by secondary electron emissions can overcome the potential barrier and penetrate the opposite sheath region. The discharge formation is not affected by an anode shape because of the self-structured virtual anode.
High Temperature Performance of 3C-SiC MOSFETs with High Channel Mobility (2012)

Transistor performances of lateral and vertical 3C-SiC MOSFETs are investigated in the temperature range of 25 °C to 300 °C. Both types of MOSFETs operate up to 300 °C and the lateral MOSFETs possess peak channel mobility of more than 100 cm 2 /(Vs) even at 300 °C for the [110]- and [-110]-channel directions. In both MOSFETs, on-currents decrease monotonically and threshold voltages shift negatively as the temperature increases. The temperature dependence of on-currents in the lateral MOSFETs is weaker than that in the vertical MOSFETs. The leakage current at the negative gate voltage increases at above 200 °C. The activation energies calculated from the leakage currents at 200 °C and 300 °C are about half of the 3C-SiC bandgap energy of 2.3 eV.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for the Measurement of Circulating Immune Complexes (1983)

A solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunoassay for the quantitation of circulating immune complexes was developed using C1q. In this assay, the immune complexes in human serum are adhered to C1q-coated polystyrene tubes and then detected by a beta-D-galactosidase-conjugated monovalent fragment (Fab') of rabbit (anti-human IgG, gamma chain-specific) IgG. The enzyme activity bound to the tubes was determined fluorometrically using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside as substrate. The sensitivity of this assay was as little as 100 ng/tube, which corresponded to 6 micrograms/ml when 16.7 microliter of serum was assayed. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by the following observations: (1) absence of cross-reaction of monomeric IgG; (2) non-detectability of immune complex in most of the sera from normal subjects; (3) parallelism of the standard curve with dilution of reference serum. The precision of the assay was proved by the demonstration of sufficient within-assay coefficients of variation (10.7-14.9%).
Design of minimum phase FIR digital filters (1988)

Minimum phase FIR filters are known to have certain practical advantages, e.g. minimum group delay, reduced order for given gain specifications, and lower coefficient sensitivity, when compared with the more common linear phase filters. In the paper, a new adaptive method for designing such filters is presented. The algorithm requires a gain specification in a manner identical to the linear phase case. Conditions for optimality are investigated in terms of the zeros' configuration, equiripple characteristics, minimax and LMS criteria. The result is a very flexible minimum phase FIR filter design technique, with the potential to accommodate a number of different filter structures and types. It is thought to be the second, after the transformation of linear to minimum phase approach, able to guarantee optimum Chebyshev solutions.
Small Molecules that Target the Toxic RNA in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 (2014)

Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by an expansion of CCTG repeats in the zinc-finger protein gene (ZNF9). Transcribed CCUG repeats sequester muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1), an important alternative splicing regulator, preventing its normal function, leading to the disease phenotype. We describe a series of ligands that disrupt the MBNL1-r(CCUG)n interaction as potential lead agents for developing DM2 therapeutics. A previously reported triaminopyrimidine-acridine conjugate was a moderate inhibitor in vitro, however it proved to be poorly water-soluble and not cell-permeable. To improve its therapeutic potential, the new set of ligands maintained the key triaminopyrimidine recognition unit but replaced the acridine intercalator with a bisamidinium groove binder. The optimized ligands exhibit low micromolar inhibition potency to MBNL1-r(CCUG)8. Importantly, the ligands are the first to show the ability to disrupt the MBNL1-r(CCUG)n foci in DM2 model cell culture and exhibit low cytotoxicity.
A possible, physical mechanism in the treatment of neurologic disorders with externally applied pico Tesla magnetic fields. (1994)

The clinical studies describing the treatment of some neurological disorders with an externally applied pico Tesla (10(-12) Tesla, or 10(-8) gauss) magnetic field are considered from a physical view point. An equation relating the intrinsic (or "rest") energy of a charted particle of mass m with its energy of interaction in an externally applied magnetic field B is presented. The equation is proposed to represent an initial basic physical interaction as a part of a more complex biological mechanism to explain the therapeutic effects of externally applied magnetic fields in these and other neurologic disorders.
Studies on the blocking action of 2‐(4‐phenyl piperidino) cyclohexanol (AH5183) (1970)

1. AH5183 (2-(4-phenyl piperidino) cyclohexanol) produced neuromuscular block of slow onset in rapidly stimulated nerve-skeletal muscle preparations of the rat, chicken and cat.2. The neuromuscular block was not antagonized by neostigmine, tetraethylammonium (TEA) or choline. The rate of onset of transmission failure was enhanced by factors which increase the release of acetylcholine.3. It was concluded that the neuromuscular blocking activity was primarily pre-junctional in origin, being due either to a non-competitive action on the choline transport mechanism, or to an intracellular action on acetylcholine metabolism.4. In high doses AH5183 possessed local anaesthetic activity, but this was considered insufficient to bring about the failure of neuromuscular transmission.5. AH5183 also produced a block of sympathetically innervated preparations that was indistinguishable from that produced by an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug.
Analysis of radiation characteristics of planar inverted-F type antenna on conductive body of hand-held transceiver by spatial network method (1989)

In this letter, the radiation characteristics of a hand-held transceiver with a planar inverted-F type antenna are simulated by the spatial network method. Using the sum of the computed current distributions and applying the equivalence theorem, the radiation patterns of the transceiver can be predicted.
Evaluation of the fidelity of initiation of translation in reticulocyte lysates from commercial sources (1990)

Journal Article Evaluation of the fidelity of initiation of translation in reticulocyte lysates from commercial sources Get access Marilyn Kozak Marilyn Kozak Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School675, Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 9, 11 May 1990, Page 2828, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.9.2828 Published: 01 May 1990 Article history Received: 16 March 1990 Published: 01 May 1990
Isolation of Pancreatic Progenitor Cells with the Surface Marker of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2012)

To isolate pancreatic progenitor cells with the surface markers of hematopoietic stem cells, the expression of stem cell antigen (Sca-1) and c-Kit and the coexpression of them with pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), and insulin were examined in murine embryonic pancreas. Then different pancreatic cell subpopulations were isolated by magnet-activated cell sorting. Isolated cells were cultured overnight in hanging drops. When cells formed spheres, they were laid on floating filters at the air/medium interface. With this new culture system, pancreatic progenitor cells were induced to differentiate to endocrine and exocrine cells. It was shown that c-Kit and Sca-1 were expressed differently in embryonic pancreas at 12.5, 15.5, and 17.5 days of gestation. The expression of c-Kit and Sca-1 was the highest at 15.5 days of gestation. c-Kit rather than Sca-1 coexpressed with PDX-1, Ngn3, and insulin. Cells differentiated from c-Kit-positive cells contained more insulin-producing cells and secreted more insulin in response to glucose stimulation than that from c-Kit-negative cells. These results suggested that c-Kit could be used to isolate pancreatic progenitor cells and our new culture system permitted pancreatic progenitor cells to differentiate to mature endocrine cells.
High-Rate Foam Fracturing: Fluid Friction and Perforation Erosion (2000)

Summary Foam fracturing treatments pumped down 3.5 to 4.5 in. tubing at up to 80 bbl/min have presented problems in control and execution. Wellhead pressures used to predict net entry pressure can give erratic results in the absence of good knowledge of bottom-hole pressure. Since nitrogen ( N2) delivery rates are pressure sensitive, errors in bottomhole pressure estimation control problems with both rate and foam quality. Perforation erosion, if unaccounted for, can signal a need for increase in rate to maintain bottomhole pressure. We used a laboratory study of foam in laminar and turbulent flow and a series of field experiments with bottomhole gauges to calibrate foam friction pressure in tubulars at very high rates. To measure viscosity of foam fluid with N2 at 1,000 psi, we used a small-scale, flow loop viscometer that could be applied in both laminar and turbulent flow. Foam parameters included foam qualities from 25 to 80% N2, and guar concentrations from 0 to 40 lbm/Mgal. The effect of surfactant concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0% were also studied. Field foam treatments pumped at high foam rates were equipped with bottomhole real-time transmitting gauges. Step-rate tests were performed on both neat foam and sand-laden foam to calculate friction pressures. Actual friction pressures from these treatments were compared with pressures based on laboratory data. The laboratory correlation can predict tubular friction accurately for foam fluids up to very high foam rates. In several of the treatments, small perforations were used in an attempt to provide limited entry stimulation. With the bottomhole-gauge data, we were able to assess the effects of perforation erosion due to changes in sand concentration.
3P2-E07 Tactile Feedback in 2.5 Dimensional Touch Screen(Haptic Interface) (2014)

In this paper, we propose 2.5 dimensional touch screen which has tactile feedback. Users can interact the system without actual touch, and they can get tactile feedback by focused ultrasound. The system provides tactile stimulation not only when users pushed virtual buttons but also while pushing in the proximity of the screen. This preparatory stimulation area can be used for blind touch interaction and enriching tactile stimulation such as the compliance of virtual buttons. In this paper, we examined the usage for blind touch. The user study showed the method proposed in this paper needs 3.85 seconds for inputting each button in average.
In vivo function and comparative genomic analyses of the Drosophila gut microbiota identify candidate symbiosis factors (2014)

Symbiosis is often characterized by co-evolutionary changes in the genomes of the partners involved. An understanding of these changes can provide insight into the nature of the relationship, including the mechanisms that initiate and maintain an association between organisms. In this study we examined the genome sequences of bacteria isolated from the Drosophila melanogaster gut with the objective of identifying genes that are important for function in the host. We compared microbiota isolates with con-specific or closely related bacterial species isolated from non-fly environments. First the phenotype of germ-free Drosophila (axenic flies) was compared to that of flies colonized with specific bacteria (gnotobiotic flies) as a measure of symbiotic function. Non-fly isolates were functionally distinct from bacteria isolated from flies, conferring slower development and an altered nutrient profile in the host, traits known to be microbiota-dependent. Comparative genomic methods were next employed to identify putative symbiosis factors: genes found in bacteria that restore microbiota-dependent traits to gnotobiotic flies, but absent from those that do not. Factors identified include riboflavin synthesis and stress resistance. We also used a phylogenomic approach to identify protein coding genes for which fly-isolate sequences were more similar to each other than to other sequences, reasoning that these genes may have a shared function unique to the fly environment. This method identified genes in Acetobacter species that cluster in two distinct genomic loci: one predicted to be involved in oxidative stress detoxification and another encoding an efflux pump. In summary, we leveraged genomic and in vivo functional comparisons to identify candidate traits that distinguish symbiotic bacteria. These candidates can serve as the basis for further work investigating the genetic requirements of bacteria for function and persistence in the Drosophila gut.
A visual interface to computer programs for linkage analysis (1990)

This paper describes a visual approach to the input of information about human families into computer data bases, making use of the GEM graphic interface on the Atari ST. Similar approaches could be used on the Apple Macintosh or on the IBM PC AT (to which it has been transferred). For occasional users of pedigree analysis programs, this approach has considerable advantages in ease of use and accessibility. An example of such use might be the analysis of risk in families with Huntington disease using linked RFLPs. However, graphic interfaces do make much greater demands on the programmers of these systems.
Results of a phase II trial of trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had progressed during trastuzumab therapy (2008)

1026 Background: P is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the specific dimerization epitope of HER2, blocking HER2 homo- and heterodimerization, thus preventing signal transduction. Xenograft studies indicate that the complementary mechanisms of action of P and H have a synergistic effect. Methods: This single-arm, Simon-type, two-stage phase II trial included pts with measurable, centrally tested HER2-positive MBC, ≥3 lines of prior therapy (including adjuvant therapy), disease progression during prior H therapy, and a baseline LVEF ≥55% that had not declined to <50% with H therapy. Consenting pts received H at 2 mg/kg qw (4 mg/kg loading dose [LD]) or 6 mg/kg q3w (8 mg/kg LD) plus P at 420 mg q3w (840 mg LD) starting within 9 weeks of the last dose of H. LVEF was assessed regularly in all pts. The primary endpoint was objective response and clinical benefit response rate (OR and SD ≥6 mths). Results: 66 pts have been enrolled and all have received ≥2 doses of study medication (41 are still on treatment). 63 pts have experienced ≥1 AE. Frequent AEs of all causes included diarrhea (63%), pain (35%), nausea/vomiting (30%), mucositis (32%), skin (27%), and rash (26%). Only 3 treatment-related AEs of severity G3, and none of G4, have been observed (diarrhea, pruritic rash due to contrast dye allergic reaction and a central line infection), all of which resolved and treatment continued. In addition 1 pt had a protocol-defined AE of special significance; an asymptomatic fall in LVEF of ≥10%-<50% based on a local reading which was not centrally confirmed. This pt was withdrawn due to progressive disease. No pts withdrew due to treatment-related or cardiac AEs. Preliminary RECIST response data (Baselga, ASCO 2007) are as follows: objective responses were seen in 6 of the 33 evaluable pts (1 CR, 5 PRs). Additionally, 7 pts achieved SD ≥6 mths and 10 pts SD <6 mths. Conclusions: The combination of H and P was well tolerated and active in pts with MBC whose disease had progressed during therapy with H. Biomarker data from this study are being analyzed. Further studies in pts with MBC and early breast cancer are ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Roche, sanofi-aventis Roche F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Roche, sanofi-aventis F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Roche, Roche Canada Roche
Leukapheresis for the Treatment of Psoriasis (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In recent years, there have been some articles in the literature concerning the treatment of psoriasis by a variety of extracorporeal devices, namely, hemodialysis,<sup>1</sup>peritoneal dialysis,<sup>2</sup>cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation,<sup>3</sup>and plasmapheresis.<sup>4</sup>We describe a similar method of treatment—leukapheresis. Like the other methods, our initial experience was an incidental finding of an unexpected response in a volunteer donor, a man aged 34 years, with psoriasis who was undergoing leukapheresis to provide granulocytes for a relative. His psoriasis, which had been troublesome for more than 20 years, almost disappeared for five months before it gradually returned. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> After explaining the procedure and obtaining informed consent, we electively treated a 29-year-old man who had widespread psoriasis, who had been previously treated with the most common modes of treatment, including methotrexate therapy and steroids given for systemic effect. Apart from the extent of the
Temperature‐Induced Changes in Fluorescence Properties as a Probe of Porphyrin Microenvironment in Lipid Membranes (1995)

Temperature-induced fluorescence changes were studied for hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin, incorporated into liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphoglycerocholine (Pam2GroPCho) or dimiristoylphosphoglycerocholine (Myr2GroPCho). In some cases, cholesterol or cardiolipin were added to the vesicles for better mimicking the lipid composition of biological membranes. The experimental conditions were appropriately chosen in order to reproduce different possible configurations of the porphyrin molecule in lipid membranes: namely, at the polar water/headgroups, headgroups/lipid and lipid/lipid interfaces. A peculiar feature observed in some of the above liposomal systems was the appearance of discontinuities in the Arrhenius plots of the fluorescence quantum yields, with relevant changes of the values of activation energies. These discontinuities were due to an increase of the fluorescence signal in a temperature range corresponding to the transition of the different lipids from the gel-to-liquid crystal state. The observed phenomena are consistent with the formation of non-covalent linear dimers or linear higher aggregates of the porphyrin molecules. The intermolecular contacts required for the formation of these species are favoured by at least three situations: disruption of the ordered lipid structure during the gel-to-liquid crystal phase transition; competition of other polar groups (e.g., the -OH group of cholesterol) with the porphyrin carboxylate groups for the polar phospholipid headgroups; and steric constraints due to overcrowding of porphyrin molecules in a restricted space.
THE PHOTO-ADDITION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE TO OLEFINIC BONDS<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PHOTO-ADDITION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE TO OLEFINIC BONDS1WILLIAM E. VAUGHAN, FREDERICK F. RUST, and THEODORE W. EVANSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1942, 07, 6, 477–490Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01200a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01200a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimization and performance of AlGaN-based multi-quantum-well deep-UV LEDs (2004)

In this paper, we overview the critical materials challenges in the development of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) and present our recent advances in the performance of LEDs in the 275-290 nm range. Our primary device design involves a flip-chip, bottom emitting, transparent AlGaN (Al = 47-60%) buffer layer structure with interdigitated contacts. To date, under direct current operation, we have demonstrated greater than 1 mW of output power at 290 nm with 1 mm x 1 mm LEDs, and greater than 0.5 mW output power from LEDs emitting at wavelengths as short at 276 nm. Electroluminescence spectra demonstrate both a main peak from quantum well emission as well as sub-bandgap emission originating from radiative recombination involving deep level states. The heterostructure designs that we have employed have greatly suppressed this deep level emission, resulting in deep level peak intensities that are 40-125X lower than the primary quantum well emission for different LED designs and applied current densities.