gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncompetitive and Competitive Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Sulfur-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (2016)

In this work, sulfur-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbons were synthesized by activating the soft-templated mesoporous carbons with sulfur bearing salts that simultaneously enhanced the surface area and introduced sulfur functionalities onto the parent carbon surface. XPS analysis showed that sulfur content within the mesoporous carbons were between 8.2% and 12.9%. The sulfur functionalities include C-S, C═S, -COS, and SO<sub>x</sub>. SEM images confirmed the ordered mesoporosity within the material. The BET surface areas of the sulfur-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbons range from 837 to 2865 m<sup>2</sup>/g with total pore volume of 0.71-2.3 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. The carbon with highest sulfur functionality was examined for aqueous phase adsorption of mercury (as HgCl<sub>2</sub>), lead (as Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), cadmium (as CdCl<sub>2</sub>), and nickel (as NiCl<sub>2</sub>) ions in both noncompetitive and competitive mode. Under noncompetitive mode and at a pH greater than 7.0 the affinity of sulfur-functionalized carbons toward heavy metals were in the order of Hg > Pb > Cd > Ni. At lower pH, the adsorbent switched its affinity between Pb and Cd. In the noncompetitive mode, Hg and Pb adsorption showed a strong pH dependency whereas Cd and Ni adsorption did not demonstrate a significant influence of pH. The distribution coefficient for noncompetitive adsorption was in the range of 2448-4000 mL/g for Hg, 290-1990 mL/g for Pb, 550-560 mL/g for Cd, and 115-147 for Ni. The kinetics of adsorption suggested a pseudo-second-order model fits better than other models for all the metals. XPS analysis of metal-adsorption carbons suggested that 7-8% of the adsorbed Hg was converted to HgSO<sub>4</sub>, 14% and 2% of Pb was converted to PbSO<sub>4</sub> and PbS/PbO, respectively, and 5% Cd was converted to CdSO<sub>4</sub>. Ni was below the detection limit for XPS. Overall results suggested these carbon materials might be useful for the separation of heavy metals.
Expression and function of the OX40/OX40L costimulatory pair during herpes stromal keratitis (2006)

Abstract Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is an immunopathological disease regulated by Th1 CD4 T cells, which require APC and costimulation within the infected cornea to mediate disease. Recent studies suggest the OX40:OX40 ligand (OX40L) interaction enhances effector cell cytokine secretion at inflammatory sites. OX40+ cells were detected in HSV-1-infected mouse corneas as early as 3 days postinfection (dpi), prior to the onset of HSK, and their frequency increased through 15 dpi, when all mice exhibited severe HSK. OX40L+ cells were first detected at 7 dpi, coincident with the initiation of HSK. It is interesting that the OX40L+ cells did not coexpress MHC Class II or the dendritic cell (DC) marker CD11c. Our findings demonstrate rapid infiltration of activated (OX40+) CD4+ T cells into HSV-1-infected corneas and expression of OX40L on MHC Class II-negative cells but surprisingly, not on MHC Class II+ CD11c+ DC, which are present in the infected corneas and required for HSK. Moreover, neither local nor systemic treatment of mice with a blocking antibody to OX40L or with a blocking fusion protein altered the course of HSK significantly, possibly as a result of a lack of OX40L expression on functional APC.
Atomic scale structure and chemistry of Bi2Te3/GaAs interfaces grown by metallorganic van der Waals epitaxy (2013)

Here, we report the atomic scale structure and chemistry of epitaxial Bi2Te3 thin films grown via metallorganic chemical vapor deposition on (001) GaAs substrates. Using aberration corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM), we report an atomically abrupt interface spanned by a second phase. Further, we demonstrate that interpretation of HAADF STEM image intensities does not provide an unambiguous interface structure. Combining atomic resolution imaging and spectroscopy, we determine the identity of the interfacial species is found to be consistent with that of a bilayer of Ga–Te that terminates GaAs dangling bonds.
월동저온, 저온기간 및 가지직경이 참다래 궤양병의 진전과 조직내 병원균 이행에 미치는 영향 (2000)

이 연구는 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae에 의해 발생하는 참다래 궤양병의 진전에 미치는 겨울철 동결온도, 동결기간, 참다래 절단지 직경의 영향과 동결-해동과정에서 피층조직 내 병원세균의 이행거리를 밝히기 위해 실시되었다. 동결처리 온도가 낮을수록 피층조직내 갈변괴사부 길이가 길어졌는데, -8℃까지는 ...
Rapid Deposition of Transparent Super-Hydrophobic Layers on Various Surfaces Using Microwave Plasma (2011)

We report herein on a very fast and simple process for the fabrication of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces by using microwave (MW) plasma. It was found that the reaction of various organic liquids in MW argon plasma yields hydrophobic polymeric layers on a large assortment of surfaces, including glass, polymeric surfaces, ceramics, metals, and even paper. In most cases, these polymers are deposited as a rough layer composed of 10-15 nm nanoparticles (NPs). This roughness, together with the chemical hydrophobic nature of the coated materials, is responsible for the superhydrophobic nature of the surface. The typical reaction time of the coating procedure was 1-10 s. The stability of these superhydrophobic surfaces was examined outdoors, and was found to last 2-5 days under direct exposure to the environment and to last 2 months when the sample was protected by a quartz cover. A detailed characterization study of the chemical composition of the layers followed using XPS, solid-state NMR, and IR measurements. Modifications were introduced in the products leading to a substantial improvement in the stability of the products outdoors.
Diagnostic performance and safety of NMK36 (<i>trans</i>-1-amino-3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid)<i>-</i>PET/CT in primary prostate cancer: multicenter Phase IIb clinical trial (2016)

This study showed the comparable diagnostic performance of NMK36-positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared with conventional imaging. Some lesions of lymph node and bone were positive solely by NMK36-positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which needs to be confirmed with reference standard in future study to evaluate the usefulness of NMK36-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging prostate cancer.
IMPROVEMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE BY <i>ACANTHOPANAX SENTICOSUS</i> ROOT IN FRUCTOSE‐RICH CHOW‐FED RATS (2005)

SUMMARY 1. In an attempt to develop new substances for handling insulin resistance, an aqueous extract of the root of Acanthopanax senticosus (Araliaceae) was used to screen the effect on insulin resistance induced by fructose‐rich chow in rats. 2. Insulin action on glucose disposal rate was measured using the glucose–insulin index, the product from areas under the curve of glucose and insulin during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In addition to the modification of feeding behaviour and a marked decrease in bodyweight, oral administration (three times daily for 3 days) of the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root to rats that had received fructose‐rich chow for 4 weeks reversed the elevated value of the glucose–‐insulin index, indicating that this herb has the ability to improve insulin sensitivity. 3. Time for the loss of the plasma glucose‐lowering response to tolbutamide (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in fructose‐rich chow‐fed rats was markedly delayed by repeated treatment with the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root compared with the vehicle (saline) ‐treated group. Thus, an improving effect of A. senticosus root on insulin resistance can be considered. 4. An increase in insulin sensitivity following the administration of this herb was further identified using the plasma glucose‐lowering action of exogenous insulin in streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of A. senticosus root at a dose of 150.0 mg/kg three times daily to STZ‐diabetic rats increased the responses to exogenous insulin 10 days later. 5. The results obtained suggest that oral administration of the aqueous extract from A. senticosus root has the ability to improve insulin sensitivity and delay the development of insulin resistance in rats and, thus, may be used as an adjuvant therapy for patients with insulin resistance.
First results from a novel curving process for large area scientific imagers (2012)

Observations in seeing limited imaging conditions with an extremely large telescope - such as the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) - will require large detectors and very fast cameras (around F/1.0). The correction of field curvature is a complex task, requiring numerous optical elements operating with high incidence angles. Large format (60 to 90 mm square) concave detectors with a curvature radius between 500 and 250 mm would considerably simplify the optical design, while improving image quality and cutting cost of optical components. Potential applications are not limited to astronomy exclusively. The associated advantages of curved image sensors inside (mosaicked) focal planes have been described in our paper “The challenge of highly curved monolithic imaging detectors”, presented at SPIE 2010 [1]. This paper compares in a first step important developments in the area of curving CCD and CMOS detectors using different technical approaches linked to specific thinning processes with a novel approach followed after ESO’s initial feasibility study: First results of the latter are described with a report on the chosen curving technology aimed at producing 500 to 250 mm radius of curvature silicon detectors of approximately 60 mm square format (typical astronomical 4k × 4k CCDs). The curvature technique has been developed for front-illuminated devices with the goal of extending the process to back-illuminated sensors in the near future. We will discuss the fabrication process of curving the devices as well as the difficulties encountered during development. Characterization results from a curved detector, including metrology, and electrical performance before and after curvature are presented.
Upconversion Nanoparticles/Hyaluronate–Rose Bengal Conjugate Complex for Noninvasive Photochemical Tissue Bonding (2017)

The recent progress in photonic nanomaterials has contributed greatly to the development of photomedicines. However, the finite depth of light penetration is still a serious limitation, constraining their clinical applications. Here, we developed a poly(allylamine) (PAAm)-modified upconversion nanoparticle/hyaluronate-rose bengal (UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB) conjugate complex for photochemical bonding of deep tissue with near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. Compared to the conventional invasive treatment via suturing and stapling, the UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB conjugate complex could be noninvasively delivered into the deep tissue and accelerate the tissue bonding upon NIR light illumination. HA in the outer layer of the complex facilitated the penetration of RB into the collagen layer of the dermis. The NIR light triggered UCNP of NaYF<sub>4</sub>: Yb/Er (Y:Yb:Er = 78:20:2) in the complex to illuminate visible green light under the skin tissue. The activated RB in the HA-RB conjugate by the green light induced radical formation for the cross-linking of incised collagen matrix. An in vitro light propagation test and collagen fibrillogenesis analysis, an in vivo animal tissue bonding test, and an ex vivo tensile strength test of dissected skin tissues confirmed the successful photochemical tissue bonding effect of the UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB conjugate complex.
Optical transfer functions for confocal theta fluorescence microscopy (1996)

Optical transfer functions are presented for the confocal theta fluorescence microscope, which uses an orthogonally placed objective lens to detect the fluorescence emission. Therefore the transfer functions do not exhibit cylindrical symmetry about the illumination axis. We show that in an ideal noise-free system, confocal theta microscopy increases the cutoff spatial frequency along the illumination axis by a factor of 3.5 to 3.7 for a numerical aperture of 0.75. In a system with 10% noise the improvement by confocal theta microscopy is even greater, between a factor of 4.1 and 4.4. This explains the improved three-dimensional imaging properties of theta microscopy.
Low Complexity FFT Based Spectrum Sensing in Bluetooth System (2009)

In this paper, we propose a complexity reduced spectrum sensing technique for Bluetooth to find channels free from the use of other communication devices in 2.4 GHz ISM band. By exploiting the spectrum characteristics of interference sources, the proposed scheme detects the availability of channels by comparing the power spectrum density (PSD) with a threshold. To reduce the implementation complexity, the PSD is calculated by means of fast Fourier transform and linear interpolation. The threshold for the detection is determined to maximize the detection probability. To further improve the transmission performance, the proposed scheme dynamically changes the channels by measuring the transmission performance.
Analysis of DNA alkylation damage and repair in mammalian cells by the comet assay (1996)

The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or comet assay, which measures DNA strand breaks in individual cells, was used to analyse DNA damage and repair induced by the SN1-type alkylating carcinogens N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in CHO cells. The comet assay was comparable in sensitivity to the alkaline elution assay. The alkyl-adducts detected as DNA single-strand breaks (ssb) by this technique were completely repaired within 24 h after treatment. These data indicate that long-lived lesions, such as alkylphosphotriesters, are not converted into ssb under the standard SCGE alkaline conditions (pH 13.5). The lesions revealed by the comet assay are mainly apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and breaks formed as intermediates in the base excision repair process of N-alkylpurines. When SCGE was performed at pH 12.5 instead of pH 13.5 a lower level of ssb was detected and these breaks were completely resealed within 2 h after treatment. These data suggest that different subsets of lesions are detected under different pH conditions. The SCGE combined with inclusion within the cells of endonuclease III revealed that a high portion of AP sites induced by alkylation damage were not converted into ssb by alkali. The level of endonuclease III-sensitive sites decreased as a function of the repair time and by 24 h after treatment no sites were left on the DNA. The use of this modified SCGE assay allows the estimation of the total amount of unrepaired AP sites present on DNA. Alkylation-induced ssb as detected by the comet assay should be regarded as an indicator of repair rate and balance more than a measure of actual DNA damage.
Advanced diamond based metal matrix composites for thermal management of RF devices (2011)

GaN based RF devices are pushing the threshold on existing thermal management materials. High heat fluxes and the need for a heat spreader material with low CTE that is a close match to the device material (e.g. Silicon Carbide) is driving the need for higher thermal conductivity (>;450W/mK) solutions. Aluminum diamond has been developed to meet this need with a CTE of 7.5ppm/K and thermal conductivity of 500W/mK.
Application of signature-tagged mutagenesis to the study of virulence of<i>Erwinia amylovora</i> (2006)

To identify genes that contribute to the virulence of Erwinia amylovora in plants, 1892 mutants were created and screened in pools of < or =96 mutants using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Nineteen mutants were not recovered from apple shoots following inoculation, which suggested that the insertions in these mutants affected genes important for bacterial survival in planta. DNA flanking the Tn5 insertions in the 19 mutants was sequenced and analysed by blast. One mutant had a Tn5 insertion in amsE, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccaride (EPS). Fourteen mutants had insertions in loci that were implicated in biosynthesis or transport of particular amino acids or nucleotides, a site-specific recombinase active during cell division and several putative proteins of unknown function; the flanking DNA of the remaining four mutants lacked significant homology with any DNA in the database. When inoculated individually to hosts, 10 of the 19 mutants caused significantly less disease and multiplied less, as compared with the wild-type strain.
InGaAsP/InP optical switches embedded with semi-insulating InP current blocking layers (1988)

A carrier injection type of InGaAsP/InP optical switch is fabricated using a semi-insulating InP current blocking layer. The switching state is obtained by current injection of 180-1000 mA. The lifetime of the injection carrier is calculated to be 6.8 ns from the measurement of switching delay time. On the basis of these fundamental switching characteristics, the reduction of the operation current and the improvement of the modulation bandwidth are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the operation current as low as 3 mA will be attained for the switch with a 6 degrees crossing angle and that high-speed operation up to 2 GHz will be achieved by increasing the doping level in the core layer. It is also shown that an optical switch with a crossing angle over 15 degrees will be realized for this type of semiconductor switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scaling in games and virtual worlds (2008)

Online games and virtual worlds have familiar scaling requirements, but don't be fooled: Everything you know is wrong.
Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluations of bioadhesive buccal tablets for nicotine replacement therapy. (2006)

Buccal bioadhesive tablet formulations of nicotine hydrogen tartrate (NHT) for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were developed using chitosan and carbomer at different ratios. Magnesium hydroxide was incorporated into the formulations as pH increasing agent. In vitro release and bioadhesion properties of the tablets were investigated. Release of NHT from the tablets was increased with the increasing amount of chitosan in formulations whilst the bioadhesion of the tablet was decreased. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy, non-smoker volunteers in comparison to a commercially available transdermal patch. Plasma nicotine and cotinine levels were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry. No significant difference was found between the maximum plasma nicotine concentrations (Cmax) obtained with the buccal tablet and the transdermal patch (p > 0.05). Time to reach the Cmax was 2.9 +/- 0.2 h and 11.5 +/- 1.3 h, and AUC0-24 values were 59.3 +/- 5.1 ng x h x mL(-1) (0-12 h) and 204.1 +/- 31.2 ng x h x mL(-1) for buccal tablet and transdermal patch, respectively.
Instructional Scaffolding (2012)

This article addresses the use of embedded scaffolding to enhance web-based learning in an online course which covers an introduction to multiple programming languages, utilizing selected resources and strategies as scaffolding techniques. This programming languages class is taught at the junior level in the Information Systems discipline as an online elective class, in a public institution located in a large, urban setting. Low to high knowledge learners are guided in the development of programs and implementation of systems through the use of four different programming languages. Learners with various experience levels were surveyed to determine if they thought these reinforcing scaffolding techniques were effectively used to provide all students with their own success producing pathway through the course. While finding out which scaffolding sections actually added to student success may not be absolutely necessary in designing a successful course, embedding hypermedia fostering a systematic improvement of learning options requires the constant “redesign” and encompasses web-based scaffolding processes as a very real advantage.
The characterization, management, and future considerations for ErbB-family TKI-associated diarrhea (2019)

Continued investigations into risk factors and pharmacogenomic markers for diarrhea may further improve management of this common toxicity.
Sinusoidal reaction formulation for radiation and scattering from conducting surfaces (1975)

A piecewise-sinusoidal reaction technique is developed for scattering and radiation from perfectly conducting bodies of arbitrary shape. This paper presents the theory and numerical results for scattering patterns of rectangular plates and radiation patterns of corner-reflector antennas. In all cases, experimental measurements are included for comparison with the calculated data.
Xenon Adsorption on Modified ETS-10 (2007)

The interaction of xenon with silver ETS-10 is found to be unusually strong. Xenon adsorption was studied on Na-ETS-10 and its silver exchanged counterpart, Ag-ETS-10, by gas chromatography and gravimetric adsorption. High adsorption capacities were observed even at low pressure (6 wt % Xe at 0.5 Torr and 25 °C). High isosteric heats of adsorption for xenon on Ag-ETS-10 were observed, higher than on any other adsorbent reported to date. High selectivity of xenon over nitrogen and oxygen is also observed, especially at low xenon partial pressures. The great affinity of this adsorbent for xenon is attributed to the presence of silver nanoparticles, which grow on the surface of the molecular sieve after heat treatment of Ag exchanged material.
Charge‐directed targeting of antimicrobial protein‐nanoparticle conjugates (2008)

Abstract Use of antimicrobial enzymes covalently attached to nanoparticles is of great interest as an antibiotic‐free approach to treat microbial infections. Intrinsic properties of nanoparticles can also be used to add functionality to their conjugates with biomolecules. Here, we show in a model system that nanoparticle charge can be used to enhance delivery and increase bactericidal activity of an antimicrobial enzyme, lysozyme. Hen egg lysozyme was covalently attached to two types of polystyrene latex nanoparticles: positively charged, containing aliphatic amine surface groups, and negatively charged, containing sulfate and chloromethyl surface groups. In the case of bacterial lysis assay with a Gram‐positive bacteria Micrococcus lysodeikticus , activity of lysozyme conjugated to positively charged nanoparticles was approximately twice as large as that of free lysozyme, while lysozyme conjugated to negatively charged nanoparticles showed little detectable activity. At the same time, when assayed using a low‐molecular weight oligosaccharide substrate, lysozyme attached to both positively and negatively charged nanoparticles showed slightly lower activity than free enzyme. A possible explanation of these results is that lysozyme attached to negatively charged nanoparticles cannot be effectively targeted to the bacteria because of the electrostatic Coulombic repulsion from the negatively charged bacterial cell walls, whereas lysozyme conjugated to positively charged nanoparticles was targeted better than free enzyme due to stronger electrostatic attraction to bacteria. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the validity of this hypothesis. Thus, nanoparticle charge is an important factor that can be used to control targeting and activity of protein‐nanoparticle conjugates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 403–412. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.