gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Hierarchically Structured Hybrid Vascular Graft Biomimicking Natural Arteries (1993)

A hierarchically structured hybrid vascular graft, resembling the layered structure of the intima and the media of a natural artery, is expected to exhibit structural stability and function similar to those of an artery. Two models of hybrid vascular grafts were constructed on knitted Dacron grafts (internal diameter, 4 mm; length, 6 cm; Golaski Laboratories, Inc., Philadelphia, PA) in vitro. The model I graft consisted of only an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer, and the model II graft was hierarchically structured with an EC monolayer and smooth muscle cell (SMC) multilayers embedded in a mixed gel of type I collagen and dermatan sulfate. Both models were implanted bilaterally in carotid arteries of 11 dogs for up to 12 weeks without anticoagulant. All grafts were patent after the implantation. There was a marked difference in the formation of the neomedia between the two models at 2 weeks: only a collagenous layer was observed beneath the EC monolayer in model I grafts, whereas the reconstructed neomedia consisting of proliferating SMCs and extracellular matrix was observed in model II grafts. In model I grafts at 2 weeks, the luminal surface with a wavelike form, along with crimps of the vascular graft, was almost endothelialized, but EC orientation was disorganized at the troughs of the crimps. Leukocyte adhesion on ECs and migration into their interstices were observed in some areas. Such events were infrequent in model II grafts at 2 weeks. Model II grafts at 12 weeks had an integrated neomedia comparable to that of a natural artery: SMCs exhibited dense accumulation and circumferential orientation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sporogonic Development of Cultured Plasmodium Falciparum in Six Species of Laboratory-Reared Anopheles Mosquitoes (1994)

Sporogonic development of cultured Plasmodium falciparum was compared in six species of Anopheles mosquitoes. A reference species, A. gambiae, was selected as the standard for comparison. Estimates of absolute densities were determined for each lifestage. From these data, four aspects of parasite population dynamics were analyzed quantitatively: 1) successive losses in abundance as parasites developed from gametocyte to ookinete to oocyst stages, 2) oocyst production of sporozoites, 3) correlation between various lifestage parameters, and 4) parasite distribution. Parasite populations in A. gambiae incurred a 316-fold loss in abundance during the transition from macrogametocyte to ookinete stage, a 100-fold loss from ookinete to oocyst stage, yielding a total loss of approximately 31,600-fold (i.e., losses are multiplicative). Comparative susceptibilities in order were A. freeborni >> A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, A. dirus > A. stephensi, A. albimanus. The key transition(s) determining overall susceptibility differed among species. Despite species differences in oocyst densities and infection rates, salivary gland sporozoite production per oocyst (approximately 640) was the same among species. The most consistent association among lifestage parameters was a positive correlation between densities and infection rates of homologous lifestages. A curvilinear relationship between ookinete and oocyst densities in A. gambiae indicated a threshold density was required for ookinete conversion to oocysts (approximately 30 ookinetes per mosquito). The same relationship in A. freeborni was linear, with no distinct threshold. Ookinete and oocyst populations were negative binomially distributed in all species. Indices of heterogeneity in mosquito susceptibility to infection indicated that gene frequencies determining susceptibility fluctuated with time in all species, except A. freeborni where susceptibility remained homogenous throughout the study. This approach provides a framework for identifying mechanisms of susceptibility and evaluating Plasmodium sporogonic development in naturally occurring vector species in nature.
Expression-Activity Profiles of Cells Transfected with Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H Synthase Measured by Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy (1995)

Transfection of cos-1 cells with either prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) or -2 (PGHS-2) results in a mixed population of cells containing a diverse range of expressed enzyme. The use of fluorescent substrates and antibodies, in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy, provides the means to quantitate expression and activity of the enzyme within individual cells. Data obtained from individual cells can be utilized to construct enzyme activity curves for a population of transfected cells. This method has been employed to prepare expression-activity profiles within a population of cos-1 cells expressing PGHS-1 or -2. A direct correlation was observed between enzyme expression and activity as measured in single cells. The data demonstrate that activity-expression analyses can now be performed within single adherent cells growing in tissue culture.
Application of Real-Time Data and Integrated Models in an Automated Workflow for Production Surveillance and Analysis in Burgan Oil Field (2017)

Abstract The GC-01 KwIDF system has been deployed in the East Kuwait area of Burgan oil field and includes real time production surveillance instrumentation for wells and production facility. The raw data from the wells and facility is integrated with well and network models in an automated workflow process for surveillance and analysis of the GC-01 production. The Burgan oil field integrated digital field (KwIDF) automation system utilizes wellhead pressure and water-cut measurements for automated calibration of well and surface network models. The KwIDF system workflow utilizes calibrated well models and real time data to identify changes in GC-01 daily production and reconciles it with the contributing wells. The workflow identifies wells with production changes and associates them with key well and facility parameters for instant diagnosis and analysis of daily production issues. This paper describes the application of real time data and integrated models in an automated workflow for quick identification and analysis of daily field production. Examples describe how the workflow has been used in quick analysis and decision making to optimize daily production and achieve sustainable targets in one of the production facilities of the Greater Burgan Field in Kuwait.
Mammalian Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Is an Intermembrane Space RNase That Maintains Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2006)

We recently identified polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a potential binding partner for the TCL1 oncoprotein. Mammalian PNPase exhibits exoribonuclease and poly(A) polymerase activities, and PNPase overexpression inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production. A physiologic connection for these anticancer effects and overexpression is difficult to reconcile with the presumed mitochondrial matrix localization for endogenous PNPase, prompting this study. Here we show that basal and interferon-beta-induced PNPase was efficiently imported into energized mitochondria with coupled processing of the N-terminal targeting sequence. Once imported, PNPase localized to the intermembrane space (IMS) as a peripheral membrane protein in a multimeric complex. Apoptotic stimuli caused PNPase mobilization following cytochrome c release, which supported an IMS localization and provided a potential route for interactions with cytosolic TCL1. Consistent with its IMS localization, PNPase knockdown with RNA interference did not affect mitochondrial RNA levels. However, PNPase reduction impaired mitochondrial electrochemical membrane potential, decreased respiratory chain activity, and was correlated with altered mitochondrial morphology. This resulted in FoF1-ATP synthase instability, impaired ATP generation, lactate accumulation, and AMP kinase phosphorylation with reduced cell proliferation. Combined, the data demonstrate an unexpected IMS localization and a key role for PNPase in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
Differential Effects of Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 60 and Related Molecular Chaperones to Prevent Intracellular β-Amyloid-induced Inhibition of Complex IV and Limit Apoptosis (2006)

Defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, in particular decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase, have been reported in Alzheimer disease tissue and in cultured cells that overexpress amyloid precursor protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease partly through formation of reactive oxygen species and the release of sequestered molecules that initiate programmed cell death pathways. The heat shock proteins (HSP) are cytoprotective against a number of stressors, including accumulations of misfolded proteins and reactive oxygen species. We reported on the property of Hsp70 to protect cultured neurons from cell death caused by intraneuronal beta-amyloid. Here we demonstrate that Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 both alone and in combination provide differential protection against intracellular beta-amyloid stress through the maintenance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and functionality of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Notably, beta-amyloid was found to selectively inhibit complex IV activity, an effect selectively neutralized by Hsp60. The combined effect of HSPs was to reduce the free radical burden, preserve ATP generation, decrease cytochrome c release, and prevent caspase-9 activation, all important mediators of beta-amyloid-induced neuronal dysfunction and death.
Unifying Lightweight Blockchain Client Implementations (2018)

Lightweight clients are gaining increasing adoption in existing blockchain deployments, owing to their reduced resource consumption. There are currently a number of libraries that implement lightweight clients (e.g., BIP37, Electrum, LES, filter commitments). Notice that these libraries are intrinsically different and require significant effort to be integrated across blockchain platforms. Additionally, lightweight clients require the cooperation of full nodes, which are expected to invest in their computational (to run filters) and bandwidth resources in order to serve lightweight clients. Existing blockchains however offer no rewards for full nodes in exchange-which offers little incentives for full nodes to correctly serve lightweight clients.
Phase Relationships and Stability of α′‐SiAlON (1999)

Phase diagrams on the α′‐SiAlON plane have been investigated for ytterbium‐, yttrium‐, and neodymium‐containing systems at different temperatures. Phase relationships between α′‐SiAlON, β′‐SiAlON, AlN polytypoids, and liquid/grain‐boundary phases have been determined. The stability region of the α′‐SiAlON phase increases as the temperature increases and the ionic size of the rare‐earth cation decreases. Meanwhile, the solubility of aluminum and oxygen in β′‐SiAlON varies with the solubility of aluminum and oxygen in α′‐SiAlON, which causes migration of all the phase lines on the α′‐plane toward the nitrogen‐rich side at lower temperatures and with larger modifying cations. These systematic variations of the phase relationships fully explain the occurrence of α′→β′ reverse transformations that are sometimes observed in this system.
Examining ERP Committee Beliefs: A Comparison of Alternative Models (2008)

Various models have been proposed to explain information technology (IT) adoption behavior. However, these models are based primarily on logical deliberation. In reality, it is impossible to obtain perfect information for a rational evaluation of new or emerging IT. In this situation, sometimes the âbest alternativeâ is imitation. We believe that two opposing forces influence the beliefs of enterprise resource planning (ERP) committee members: rational and imitative. We propose here an integrated model and examine it together with diffusion of innovation (DOI) and imitation models. The study findings indicate that our integrated model has better explanatory power. In addition, imitative forces are shown to have a consistent direct effect and significant indirect effect on beliefs. Hence, imitative forces play a crucial role in the decision-making process, which opens up a new avenue for research into technology adoption.
Fast analysis of high‐energy compounds and agricultural chemicals in water with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2007)

Novel sampling and detection methods using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) are examined in the detection of explosives (RDX, TNT, HMX, and TNB) and agricultural chemicals (atrazine, alachlor and acetochlor) from aqueous matrices and authentic contaminated groundwater samples. DESI allows analysis of solid and liquid compounds directly from surfaces of interest with little or no sample preparation. Significant savings in analysis time and sample preparation are realized. The methods investigated here include (i) immediate analysis of filter paper wetted with contaminated water samples without further sample preparation, (ii) rapid liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and (iii) analyte extraction from contaminated groundwater samples on-site using solid-phase extraction (SPE) membranes, followed by direct DESI analysis of the membrane. The wetted filter paper experiment demonstrates the maximum sample throughput for DESI analysis of aqueous matrices but has inadequate sensitivity for some of these analytes. Both the LLE and the SPE methods have adequate sensitivity. The resulting SPE membranes and/or small volume solvent extracts produced in these experiments are readily transported to off-site facilities for direct analysis by DESI. This realizes a significant reduction in the costs of sample shipping compared with those for typical liter-sized samples of groundwater. Total analysis times for these preliminary DESI analyses are comparable with or shorter than those for GC/MS and limits of detection approach environmental action levels for these compounds while maintaining a modest relative standard deviation. Tandem mass spectrometric data is used to provide additional specificity as needed.
Personalized anticancer therapy selection using molecular landscape topology and thermodynamics (2016)

Personalized anticancer therapy requires continuous consolidation of emerging bioinformatics data into meaningful and accurate information streams. The use of novel mathematical and physical approaches, namely topology and thermodynamics can enable merging differing data types for improved accuracy in selecting therapeutic targets. We describe a method that uses chemical thermodynamics and two topology measures to link RNA-seq data from individual patients with academically curated protein-protein interaction networks to select clinically relevant targets for treatment of low-grade glioma (LGG). We show that while these three histologically distinct tumor types (astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma) may share potential therapeutic targets, the majority of patients would benefit from more individualized therapies. The method involves computing Gibbs free energy of the protein-protein interaction network and applying a topological filtration on the energy landscape to produce a subnetwork known as persistent homology. We then determine the most likely best target for therapeutic intervention using a topological measure of the network known as Betti number. We describe the algorithm and discuss its application to several patients.
Long-Term Rescue of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells and Visual Function by AAV-Mediated BDNF Expression after Acute Elevation of Intraocular Pressure (2012)

AAV-mediated BDNF expression in the rat retina achieved a sustained rescue of RGCs and visual function after an acute elevation of IOP.
Dynamic Selection of Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms for Securing Data Based on Various Parameters (2014)

Most of the information is in the form of electronic data. A lot of electronic data exchanged takes place through computer applications. Therefore information exchange through these applications needs to be secure. Different cryptographic algorithms are usually used to address these security concerns. However, along with security there are other factors that need to be considered for practical implementation of different cryptographic algorithms like implementation cost and performance. This paper provides comparative analysis of time taken for encryption by seven symmetric key cryptographic algorithms (AES, DES, Triple DES, RC2, Skipjack, Blowfish and RC4) with variation of parameters like different data types, data density, data size and key sizes.
Numerical Solutions for Large-Amplitude Ship Motions in the Time Domain (1990)

A three-dimensional time domain approach is used to study the large-amplitude motions and loads of a ship in a seaway. In this approach, the exact body boundary condition is satisfied on the instantaneous wetted surface of the moving body while the free-surface boundary conditions are linearised. The problem is solved using a transient free-surface Green function source distribution on the submerged hull. Extensive results are presented which validate and demonstrate the efficacy of the method. These results include linear and large-amplitude motion coefficients and diffraction forces with and without forward speed, calm-water resistance and added-resistance with waves and motions, the large-amplitude motion history of a ship advancing in an irregular seaway, as well as load distributions on the changing submerged hull. Most of the large-amplitude results we obtained are new and illustrate the importance of nonlinear effects associated with the changing wetted hull. Of special significance are the dramatic changes of the added mass, the steady resistance, and sinkage and trim forces as the motion amplitudes increase.
HD/sup 2/BIST: a hierarchical framework for BIST scheduling, data patterns delivering and diagnosis in SoCs (2002)

Proposes HD/sup 2/BIST, a complete hierarchical framework for BIST scheduling, data patterns delivering, and diagnosis of a complex system including embedded cores with different test requirements as full scan cores, partial scan cores, or BIST-ready cores. The main goal of HD/sup 2/BIST is to maximize and simplify the reuse of the built-in test architectures, giving the chip designer the highest flexibility in planning the overall SoC test strategy. HD/sup 2/BIST defines a test access method able to provide a direct "virtual" access to each core of the system, and can be conceptually considered as a powerful complement to the P1500 standard, whose main target is to make the test interface of each core independent from the vendor.
Frequency and temperature dependence of ultrasonic attenuation in glassy Pd–Si-based metal alloys (1973)

The frequency and temperature dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation in glassy Pd–Si-based alloys has been measured. In all compositions, the room-temperature attenuation varies as the square of frequency. A remarkably low loss of 0.06 dB/μsec at 100 MHz for longitudinal waves is observed in alloys containing silver, a loss equal to the lowest value reported for fused silica. Below 300 K, the attenuation in Pd0.775Ag0.06Si0.165 shows a broad peak at about 25 K. This behavior is similar to that noted in chalcogenide glasses. The estimated electronic contribution to attenuation is too small to account for measured values. Present data are insufficient to ascertain what causes this relaxation peak. It may be related to the excess specific heat previously observed in these alloys at low temperatures.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of an Array of Essential Oils Against Lactic Acid Bacteria (2016)

The essential oils of clove bud, cinnamon bark and thyme, and their individual compounds including allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and thymol were initially assessed for antimicrobial activity against 9 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species. Carvacrol and thymol were the most inhibitory with MICs of 0.1% (v/v and w/v, respectively). Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon bark oil, clove bud oil, eugenol, and thyme oil were moderately inhibitive (MICs = 0.2% v/v), while cinnamic acid required a concentration of 0.5% (w/v). AIT was not effective with MICs in excess of concentrations tested (0.75% v/v). The bactericidal capability of the oil components carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol were further examined against Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Leuconostoc citrovorum. Thymol at 0.1% (w/v) was bactericidal against L. citrovorum (>4-log reduction), but resulted in a 2-log CFU/mL reduction against L. buchneri and P. acidilactici. Cinnamaldehyde at 0.2% to 0.25% (v/v) was effective against L. citrovorum, L. buchneri, and P. acidilactici, resulting in a >2-log reduction. All 3 organisms were susceptible to 0.2% carvacrol with >3-log reduction observed after exposure for 6 h. Eugenol was the least effective. Concentrations of 0.2% and 0.25% (v/v) were needed to achieve an initial reduction in population, >3-log CFU/mL after 6 h exposure. However, at 0.2%, P. acidilactici and L. buchneri recovered to initial populations in 48 to 72 h. Results indicate essential oils have the capacity to inactivate LAB that are commonly associated with spoilage of shelf stable low-acid foods.
Enhancement of light extraction in GaN-based light-emitting diodes using rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays (2012)

A remarkable enhancement of light extraction efficiency in GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays grown on the planar indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is reported. The light output power of LEDs with rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays was increased by about 110% at 20 mA compared with conventional LEDs with planar ITO. The light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LEDs with rough-beveled ZnO nanocones is measured much greater than with smooth-surface hexagonal ZnO nanorods. The light-ray tracing analysis showed that ZnO nanocones with rough surfaces enlarge the light escape cone of GaN-based LEDs and have a greater advantage for extracting light compared with ZnO nanorods.
Feature Partitioning for Efficient Multi-Task Architectures (2019)

Multi-task learning holds the promise of less data, parameters, and time than training of separate models. We propose a method to automatically search over multi-task architectures while taking resource constraints into consideration. We propose a search space that compactly represents different parameter sharing strategies. This provides more effective coverage and sampling of the space of multi-task architectures. We also present a method for quick evaluation of different architectures by using feature distillation. Together these contributions allow us to quickly optimize for efficient multi-task models. We benchmark on Visual Decathlon, demonstrating that we can automatically search for and identify multi-task architectures that effectively make trade-offs between task resource requirements while achieving a high level of final performance.
TOWARD AUTOMATIC SOUND SOURCE RECOGNITION: IDENTIFYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (1998)

One of the broad goals of research in computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) is to create computer systems that can learn to recognize sound sources in a complex auditory environment. In this paper, a set of acoustic features is proposed that relate to the physical properties of sound-producing objects. In particular, a set of orchestral musical instrument sounds is presented as representative of the class of sounds produced by quasi-periodic excitation of resonant structures, acoustic properties of this class are considered, and the log-lag correlogram is presented as a signal representation that codes many of the proposed features. Specific examples are given of features extracted from vio- lin, trumpet, and flute tones. Extensions to Ellis&apos;s prediction -driven CASA framework are proposed in the form of a hierarchy of sound-source models represented by frames. It is suggested that the goal of building an artificial system for sound source recognition in complex mixtures may be ...