gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural health monitoring of wind turbines: method and application to a HAWT (2011)

Abstract Structural health monitoring in the context of a Micon 65/13 horizontal axis wind turbine was described in this paper as a process in statistical pattern recognition. Simulation data from a calibrated model with less than 8% error in the first 14 natural frequencies of vibration was used to study the operational response under various wind states as well as the effects of three types of damage in the blade, low speed shaft and yaw joint. It was shown that vertical wind shear and turbulent winds lead to different modal contributions in the operational response of the turbine suggesting that the sensitivity of operational data to damage depends on the wind loads. It is also shown that there is less than a 4% change in the wind turbine natural frequencies given a 25% reduction in the stiffness at the root of one blade. The modal assurance criterion was used to analyse the corresponding changes in modal deflections, and this criterion exhibited nearly orthogonal changes because of the three damage scenarios suggesting that the modal deflection determines which damage is observable at a given frequency for a given wind state. The' modal contribution is calculated as a damage feature, which changes as much as 100% for 50% reductions in blade root stiffness, but only the blade damage is detected using this feature. Operational data was used to study variations in the forced blade response to determine the likelihood that small levels of damage can be detected amidst variations in wind speed across the rotor plane. The standard deviation in measured data was shown to be smallest for the span and edge‐wise measurements at 1P due to gravity, which provides the dominant forcing function at this frequency. A 3% change in the response in the span and edge‐wise directions because of damage is required to detect a change of three standard deviations in contrast to the 90% change in flap direction response that is required to detect a similar change because of damage. The dynamic displacement in the span direction is then used to extract a damage feature from the simulation data that provides the ability to both locate and quantify the reduction in stiffness in the blade root. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep learning reinvents the hearing aid (2017)

My mother began to lose her hearing while I was away at college. I would return home to share what I'd learned, and she would lean in to hear. Soon it became difficult for her to hold a conversation if more than one person spoke at a time. Now, even with a hearing aid, she struggles to distinguish the sounds of each voice. When my family visits for dinner, she still pleads with us to speak in turn. My mother's hardship reflects a classic problem for hearing aid manufacturers. The human auditory system can naturally pick out a voice in a crowded room, but creating a hearing aid that mimics that ability has stumped signal processing specialists, artificial intelligence experts, and audiologists for decades. British cognitive scientist Colin Cherry first dubbed this the "cocktail party problem" in 1953.
Distinctive molecular signaling in triple‐negative breast cancer cell death triggered by hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) (2008)

This study describes the molecular signaling involved in the different cell death modes of triple-negative breast cancer cells induced by hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC/miltefosine), a clinically relevant anticancer alkylphosphocholine. We found that the HePC treatment triggers cell-type-dependent apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death processes. Moreover, the expression level of the apoptosis activator Fas, and Fas/Fas ligand signaling capacity are not attributing factors for the preference toward apoptosis. Using Fas siRNA and overexpression approaches we establish that Fas is not a pro-apoptotic factor but a contributor to cell protection in HePC-apoptosis-sensitive cells. The insight in the multi-modal anticancer capability of HePC in triple-negative breast cancer cells may facilitate the targeted design of therapeutic strategies against triple-negative breast cancers.
Processing word order variation within a modified ID/LP framework (1986)

From a well represented sample of world languages Steele (1078) shows that about 70% of languages exhibit significant word order variation. Only recently has this wide-spread phenomenon been drawing appropriate attention. Perhaps ID/LP (Immediate Dominance and Linear Precedence) framework is the most debated theories in this area. We point out some difficulties in processing standard ID/LP grammar and present a modified version of the grammar. In the modified version, the right hand side of phrase structure rules is treated as a set or partially ordered set. An instance of the framework is implemented.
Enhanced inflammation in New Zealand white rabbits when MERS-CoV reinfection occurs in the absence of neutralizing antibody (2017)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that was first detected in humans in 2012 as a cause of severe acute respiratory disease. As of July 28, 2017, there have been 2,040 confirmed cases with 712 reported deaths. While many infections have been fatal, there have also been a large number of mild or asymptomatic cases discovered through monitoring and contact tracing. New Zealand white rabbits are a possible model for asymptomatic infection with MERS-CoV. In order to discover more about non-lethal infections and to learn whether a single infection with MERS-CoV would protect against reinfection, we inoculated rabbits with MERS-CoV and monitored the antibody and inflammatory response. Following intranasal infection, rabbits developed a transient dose-dependent pulmonary infection with moderately high levels of viral RNA, viral antigen, and perivascular inflammation in multiple lung lobes that was not associated with clinical signs. The rabbits developed antibodies against viral proteins that lacked neutralizing activity and the animals were not protected from reinfection. In fact, reinfection resulted in enhanced pulmonary inflammation, without an associated increase in viral RNA titers. Interestingly, passive transfer of serum from previously infected rabbits to nave rabbits was associated with enhanced inflammation upon infection. We further found this inflammation was accompanied by increased recruitment of complement proteins compared to primary infection. However, reinfection elicited neutralizing antibodies that protected rabbits from subsequent viral challenge. Our data from the rabbit model suggests that people exposed to MERS-CoV who fail to develop a neutralizing antibody response, or persons whose neutralizing antibody titers have waned, may be at risk for severe lung disease on re-exposure to MERS-CoV.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein is carried on lipoproteins and acts as a cofactor in the neutralization of LPS. (1994)

Lipoproteins isolated from normal human plasma can bind and neutralize bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and may represent an important mechanism in host defense against gram-negative septic shock. Recent studies have shown that experimentally elevating the levels of circulating high-density lipoproteins (HDL) provides protection against death in animal models of endotoxic shock. We sought to define the components of HDL that are required for neutralization of LPS. To accomplish this we have studied the functional neutralization of LPS by native and reconstituted HDL using a rapid assay that measures the CD14-dependent activation of leukocyte integrins on human neutrophils. We report here that reconstituted HDL particles (R-HDL), prepared from purified apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) combined with phospholipid and free cholesterol, are not sufficient to neutralize the biologic activity of LPS. However, addition of recombinant LPS binding protein (LBP), a protein known to transfer LPS to CD14 and enhance responses of cells to LPS, enabled prompt binding and neutralization of LPS by R-HDL. Thus, LBP appears capable of transferring LPS not only to CD14 but also to lipoprotein particles. In contrast with R-HDL, apoA-I containing lipoproteins (LpA-I) isolated from plasma by selected affinity immunosorption (SAIS) on an anti-apoA-I column, neutralized LPS without addition of exogenous LBP. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that LBP is a constituent of LpA-I in plasma. Passage of plasma over an anti-apoA-I column removed more than 99% of the LBP detectable by ELISA, whereas 31% of the LBP was recovered by elution of the column. Similarly, the ability of plasma to enable activation of neutrophils by LPS (LBP/Septin activity) was depleted and recovered by the same process. Furthermore, an immobilized anti-LBP monoclonal antibody coprecipitated apoA-I. The results described here suggest that in addition to its ability to transfer LPS to CD14, LBP may also transfer LPS to lipoproteins. Since LBP appears to be physically associated with lipoproteins in plasma, it is positioned to play an important role in the neutralization of LPS.
Fixed- and variable-length ring oscillators for variability characterization in 45nm CMOS (2009)

Fixed- and variable-length ring oscillators (RO's) are designed for characterization of circuit-topology induced variations and spatial correlations. A 930µm × 775µm test array is implemented in a low-power 45nm CMOS process. Measurements from the fixed-length RO's quantify an increase in variability with transistor stack height in logic gates and added variability associated to the top transistor in the stack. In addition, Variable-length RO's (VRO's) are designed to measure spatial correlation with a single-gate resolution.
25 GHz-spacing wavelength monitor integrated DFB laser module using standard 14-pin butterfly package (2003)

A 25 GHz-spacing wavelength monitor integrated DFB laser module has been successfully fabricated using standard 14-pin butterfly package. By employing separate temperature control for the LD and etalon, excellent wavelength locking performance (wavelength drift < /spl plusmn/0.2 pm) has been achieved using a simple analogue circuit.
The Industrial Safety Manual and Directory (1951)

REVIEWSin the symposium, and it would be difficult to regard the subject as one of occupational health.Nevertheless, the papers presented are of rather special value to the industrial medical officer and should help him to give a reasonably assured, knowledgeable, and unhysterical view of the medical aspects of future atom-bomb attack.And in this respect the medical officer is always regarded as " one who should know ".His experiences with hazard evaluation, casualty prevention, first aid, casualty disposal, group discipline and group morale can be of high value in such emergencies.
Integrated magnetics for boost PFC and flyback converters with phase-shifted PWM (2013)

This paper deals with an integrated magnetic design for the boost PFC and flyback converters with single magnetic core. A phase-shifted PWM technique is proposed to reduce the maximum flux density of the shared magnetic paths of the core. The proposed technique provides the advantage of minimizing the cross sectional area of the shared core limbs required to avoid the flux saturation, which results in the size reduction and cost down of the magnetic core. The principle and operation of the IM design and proposed PWM technique are presented for the boost PFC and flyback converters with single magnetic core. The simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Tumor Immunity in vitro: Destruction of a Mouse Ascites Tumor through a Cycling Pathway (1972)

Lymphocytes in peritoneal exudate from BALB/(c) mice immunized against ascites leukemia EL4 are uniquely efficient at destroying (51)chromiumlabeled EL4 cells in vitro. The lytic process depends upon the number of lymphocyte-tumor cell interactions. Efector lymphocytes are not inactivated as a result of lethal contact but can interact repeatedly with tumor cells.
Urea-Formaldehyde Resins (1986)

Urea-formaldehyde resin solutions are shown to be dominated by physical associations rather than primary chemical bonding. These physical associations, or colloidal dispersions, are directly related to the thermodynamic balance of secondary bond formation between resin and solvent systems. Steric and entripic evaluations of molecule configuration have shown that linear urea-formaldehyde oligomers resemble polypeptides, and have the potential to form both β-sheets and Π-helixs. While the exact configuration of the associations is not known, their presence has been confirmed by x-ray analysis, which shows that urea-formaldehyde resins are crystalline in solid form.
Surfactant-induced Chronic Pruritus: Role of L-Histidine Decarboxylase Expression and Histamine Production in Epidermis (2014)

Shampoo and cleansers containing anionic surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) often cause pruritus in humans. Daily application of 1-10% SDS for 4 days induced hind-paw scratching (an itch-related behaviour) in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10% SDS also caused dermatitis, skin dryness, barrier disruption, and an increase in skin surface pH in mice. SDS-induced scratching was inhibited by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the H histamine receptor antagonist terfenadine. Mast-cell deficiency did not inhibit SDS-induced scratching, although it almost completely depleted histamine in the dermis. Treatment with SDS increased the histamine content of the epidermis, but not that of the dermis. SDS treatment increased the gene expression and post-translation processing of L-histidine decarboxylase in the epidermis. The present results suggest that repeated application of SDS induces itch through increased production of epidermal histamine, which results from an increase in the gene expression and post-translation processing of L-histidine decarboxylase.
Aircraft jolts from lightning bolts (1988)

The trend toward the use of composite materials and digital electronics has renewed the need to quantify the effects of lightning strikes to airplanes, since composite structures do not provide shielding equivalent to that of metal aircraft, and digital systems are potentially more susceptible to upset by electrical transients than are analog electronic systems. A research program, called the Storm Hazards Program, has been run by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the past eight years and has provided the first statistically significant measurements of the electromagnetic interaction between lightning and aircraft. A NASA-owned F-106B airplane has been flown through thunderstorms about 1500 times at altitudes between 5,000 and 40,000 feet (1,500 to 12,000 meters). The airplane, lightning-hardened and outfitted with special instruments, was hit by lightning 714 times. The types of measurements made and the results are described.
A novel catalytic synthesis of carbamates by the oxidative alkoxycarbonylation of amines in the presence of platinum group metal and alkali metal halide or onium halide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel catalytic synthesis of carbamates by the oxidative alkoxycarbonylation of amines in the presence of platinum group metal and alkali metal halide or onium halideShinsuke Fukuoka, Masazumi Chono, and Masashi KohnoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 8, 1458–1460Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00182a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00182a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views610Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A pilot trial of dextromethorphan in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (1993)

Assuming the presence of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 14 patients were treated with dextromethorphan, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. The patients were treated with 150 mg dextromethorphan or placebo daily for 12 weeks in a double-blind crossover trial, with a wash out period of 4 weeks between the two treatment periods. Thereafter the surviving patients were treated with 300 mg dextromethorphan daily for up to 6 months in an open trial. No positive effects on clinical or neurophysiological parameters (relative number of axons, and compound muscle action potentials in the abductor digiti minimi muscle) were observed either in the double-blind trial or in the open trial.
Characterizing the query behavior in peer-to-peer file sharing systems (2004)

This paper characterizes the query behavior of peers in a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing system. In contrast to previous work, which provides various aggregate workload statistics, we characterize peer behavior in a form that can be used for constructing representative synthetic workloads for evaluating new P2P system designs. In particular, the analysis exposes heterogeneous behavior that occurs on different days, in different geographical regions (i. e., Asia, Europe, and North America) or during different periods of the day. The workload measures include the fraction of connected sessions that are passive (i. e., issue no queries), the duration of such sessions, and for each active session, the number of queries issued, time until first query, query interarrival time, time after last query, and distribution of query popularity. Moreover, the key correlations in these workload measures are captured in the form of conditional distributions, such that the correlations can be accurately reproduced in a synthetic workload. The characterization is based on trace data gathered in the Gnutella P2P system over a period of 40 days. To characterize system-independent user behavior, we eliminate queries that are specific to the Gnutella system software, such as re-queries that are automatically issued by some client implementations to improve system responsiveness.
CPU, heal thyself (2009)

In the old days, computer vendors would often pull a fast one. They would tell you their system had the latest microprocessor when it actually had a cheaper, slower version running faster than the chip's rating permitted. So the shiny, new 500-megahertz system you thought you were buying might contain only an overclocked 300-MHz CPU. But the computer worked fine; indeed, it might have operated perfectly for years, with you none the wiser. And you perhaps replaced it only because a good buy on a 1-gigahertz machine eventually came along. How did that poor 300-MHz processor cope with such abuse? The short answer is that the manufacturer had set the clock speed low to ensure that its products would function without fault despite the inevitable variations among chips and among their different operating environments. Shady overclockers took advantage of that conservatism, inviting unpredictable failures when they eliminated the chipmaker's prudent safety margins. Lately, overclocking has gone mainstream. You can, for example, find competitions on the Web in which hardware hackers vie for top honors in this domain. Even chip manufacturers themselves are doing it in public trials to show off how blazingly fast their processors can run under the right conditions-like when they are being cooled with liquid helium to within a few kelvins of absolute zero.
General Strategy for Direct Cytosolic Protein Delivery <i>via</i> Protein–Nanoparticle Co-engineering (2017)

Endosomal entrapment is a key hurdle for most intracellular protein-based therapeutic strategies. We report a general strategy for efficient delivery of proteins to the cytosol through co-engineering of proteins and nanoparticle vehicles. The proteins feature an oligo(glutamate) sequence (E-tag) that binds arginine-functionalized gold nanoparticles, generating hierarchical spherical nanoassemblies. These assemblies fuse with cell membranes, releasing the E-tagged protein directly into the cytosol. Five different proteins with diverse charges, sizes, and functions were effectively delivered into cells, demonstrating the generality of our method. Significantly, the engineered proteins retained activity after cytosolic delivery, as demonstrated through the delivery of active Cre recombinase, and granzyme A to kill cancer cells.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is protective during severe Gram-negative pneumonia (2006)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) levels are consistently elevated in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis and highly predictive for an unfavorable outcome. In addition, pneumonia is associated with strongly elevated PAI-1 levels in the pulmonary compartment. However, whether PAI-1 causally affects antibacterial host defense in vivo remains unknown. We report here that pneumonia caused by the common respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with local production of PAI-1 in the lungs of wild-type mice. PAI-1 deficiency impaired host defense as reflected by enhanced lethality and increased bacterial growth and dissemination in mice with a targeted deletion of the PAI-1 gene. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of PAI-1 in the lung using a replication-defective adenoviral vector markedly improved host defense against Klebsiella pneumonia and sepsis. PAI-1 deficiency reduced accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs during pneumonia, whereas PAI-1 overexpression in healthy lungs resulted in neutrophil influx, suggesting that PAI-1 protects the host against Klebsiella pneumonia by promoting neutrophil recruitment to the pulmonary compartment. These data demonstrate for the first time that PAI-1 is essential for host defense against severe Gram-negative pneumonia.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> Nanoplates and Their Photocatalytic Activities (2013)

The pH effect of the precursor solutions on the phase, morphologies, and photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 MoO 6 synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction at 180°C for 20 h was investigated. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of pure orthorhombic well‐crystallized γ ‐Bi 2 MoO 6 nanoplates, including the symmetric (A 1g ) and asymmetric (A 2u ) stretching vibrations of the MoO 6 octahedrons involving the motion of apical oxygen atoms. The photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 MoO 6 nanoplates at the pH 6 determined via the decomposition of rhodamine‐B (RhB) organic dye was the highest at 98.66% decolorization under Xe light irradiation.