gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Adipose Tissue Macrophages: New Frontiers in Obesity Research? (2016)

Obesity is a major public health problem in the twenty-first century. Mutations in genes that regulate substrate metabolism, subsequent dysfunction in their protein products, and other factors, such as increased adipose tissue inflammation, are some underlying etiologies of this disease. Increased inflammation in the adipose tissue microenvironment is partly mediated by the presence of cells from the innate and adaptive immune system. A subset of the innate immune population in adipose tissue include macrophages, termed adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which are central players in adipose tissue inflammation. Being extremely plastic, their responses to diverse molecular signals in the microenvironment dictate their identity and functional properties, where they become either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Endurance exercise training exerts global anti-inflammatory responses in multiple organs, including skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different mechanisms that drive ATM-mediated inflammation in obesity and present current evidence of how exercise training, specifically endurance exercise training, modulates the polarization of ATMs from an M1 to an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Surveillance of South Belridge Diatomite (1992)

Abstract This paper illustrates the surveillance methods used in Shell's 1-1/4 and 5/8 acre (0.5 and 0.25 ha) waterfloods in the South Belridge Diatomite field: (1) computer-assisted monitoring of injection pressures and rates, (2) online databases with well tests and allocated production and injection data, (3) step pressure tests in numerous water injectors, (4) a geological database with cycle markers and directional surveys, (5) sonologs, and (6) salinity tests. Methods (1) – (4) require use of custom software to be practical. The geometry of waterflood patterns in the Diatomite (well spacing compared with length of hydrofractures, injectors in-line with or offset from producers, and pattern orientation relative to the direction of maximum in-situ stress) influences the rate and frequency of coupling between the injectors and producers. It is shown that wells in the "direct" 1-1/4 acre patterns are less prone to coupling than the "staggered" ones because a "linkage potential" (defined in the text) is higher. The proximity of hydrofractures in the 5/8 acre staggered patterns makes the injector-producer coupling unavoidable if the patterns do not follow the direction of maximum in-situ stress. The coupling develops in the N20°±5°E direction, probably along the cycle tops. The step pressure tests of many injectors in waterflood Phases I through III have shown that hydrofracture extensions are common and we are currently unable to predict the "correct" injection pressures for individual wells. It is concluded that to avoid reservoir damage, each injector must be controlled individually. Injection pressures can be increased with time by trial-and-error, but the injection rate must be kept below a safe limit to preclude excessive damage if the hydrofracture is extended.
Durum Wheat Lipoxygenase Activity and Other Quality Parameters that Affect Pasta Color (1999)

ABSTRACT Pasta yellowness is affected by different factors, the most important of which are intrinsic to the quality of semolina (natural carotenoid pigments, protein, ash, and lipoxygenase [LOX] activity) and processing conditions. Because all the parameters involved in pasta color are under the control of varietal and environmental factors, the role of the genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment on color expression were studied. Although the analysis of variance showed the genotype‐by‐environment interaction to be significant, a nonorthogonal analysis attributed a higher weight to genotype on parameters directly involved in color expression: β‐carotene content, yellow index, and LOX activity. Furthermore, the loss of pigments and yellow index after milling and processing was evaluated and correlated with all the parameters involved in the determination of final pasta color. The phase mainly responsible for pigment loss was pasta processing. A decrease of 16.3% in semolina β‐carotene content during pasta processing versus a 7.9% loss during milling was determined. The isoenzymatic forms LOX‐2 and LOX‐3, active at the pH of dough, were responsible for the loss of color in pasta products. Simple correlations and the linear multiple regression corroborated this finding. Hydroperoxidation activity at pH 6.6, bleaching activity, and ash content were responsible for 87% ( R 2 adjusted) of total variance, with each variable accounting for 57, 61, and 22% of the variation, respectively. This confirms that LOX activity is the main factor involved in the loss of color, while a secondary and lesser role can be seen for ash content. Therefore, a high pigment content, located in the interior of the whole grain, and a lower LOX activity in semolina must be the selection characteristics by which breeding programs obtain a bright yellow pasta.
DHC: The chemical division's balanced scorecard (1994)

This case is real. To preserve client/consultant confidentiality, the industry has been changed and the firm disguised.
Effective Techniques for Message Reduction and Load Balancing in Distributed Graph Computation (2015)

Massive graphs, such as online social networks and communication networks, have become common today. To efficiently analyze such large graphs, many distributed graph computing systems have been developed. These systems employ the "think like a vertex" programming paradigm, where a program proceeds in iterations and at each iteration, vertices exchange messages with each other. However, using Pregel's simple message passing mechanism, some vertices may send/receive significantly more messages than others due to either the high degree of these vertices or the logic of the algorithm used. This forms the communication bottleneck and leads to imbalanced workload among machines in the cluster. In this paper, we propose two effective message reduction techniques: (1)vertex mirroring with message combining, and (2)an additional request-respond API. These techniques not only reduce the total number of messages exchanged through the network, but also bound the number of messages sent/received by any single vertex. We theoretically analyze the effectiveness of our techniques, and implement them on top of our open-source Pregel implementation called Pregel+. Our experiments on various large real graphs demonstrate that our message reduction techniques significantly improve the performance of distributed graph computation.
Spectroscopic and kinetic characteristics of aroyloxyl radicals. 2. Benzoyloxyl and ring-substituted aroyloxyl radicals (1988)

The 308-nm laser flash photolysis of dibenzoyl peroxide and some ring-substituted derivatives yields broad, structureless absorptions in the range 500-800 nm. These are assigned to the corresponding aroyloxyl radical, in part by analogy with the previously studied 3 4-methoxybenzoyloxyl radical. Absolute rate constants for reaction of four aroyloxyls with their parent peroxide and with six organic substrates have been measured at ambient temperatures. In general, the rate constants increase along the series 4-CH 3OC 6H 4CO 2• < 4-CH 3C 6H 4CO 2• ≲ C 6H 5CO 2• < 4-ClC 6H 4CO 2• both for hydrogen atom abstractions (e.g., with cyclohexane: 5.3 × 10 5, 2.1 × 10 6, 1.4 × 10 6, and 1.2 × 10 7 M -1 s -1, respectively) and for additions (e.g., with benzene: 2.3 × 10 6, 2.2 × 10 7, 7.8 × 10 7, and 2.2 × 10 8 M -1 s -1, respectively). The rates of decarboxylation of aroyloxyl radicals increase along the series (4-FC 6H 4CO 2• ≤) 4-CH 3OC 6H 4CO 2• < 4-CH 3C 6H 4CO 2• ∼ 4-ClC 6H 4CO 2• < C 6H 5CO 2• < 3-ClC 6H 4CO 2•. Rate constants, k 2, for some of these decarboxylations have been determined over a range of temperatures; e g for C 6H 5CO 2•, log (k 2/s -1) = 12.6 - 8.6/θ, where θ = 2.3RT kcal/mol. The structure of aroyloxyl radicals is considered and it is concluded that the long-wavelength absorption (ε 720nm ∼ 290 M -1 cm -1 for 4-CH 3OC 6H 4CO 2•) 3 is most probably due to a transition from the 2B 2 ground state to the 2A 1 potential energy surface. The effects of ring substituents on intermolecular reactivity and decarboxylation rates are rationalized in terms of an aroyloxyl structure in which the aromatic ring and carboxyl group are probably coplanar or nearly so and of the contributing valence-bond canonical structures. Some spin-trapping experiments using C 6H 6 and C 6F 6 have also been performed. The production of some phenyl radicals in the direct photolysis of dibenzoyl peroxide is indicated by an enhanced yield, relative to the thermal decomposition, of the geminate cage product, phenyl benzoate. However, it is concluded that the yield of phenyl radicals formed in the photolysis is probably considerably less than has been presumed previously.
Visual Detection and Two-Dimensional Rotation Control in Zebrafish Larva Heart Microinjection (2017)

Zebrafish larva heart microinjection has emerged as an important technology that enables delivery of a wide variety of vehicles into hearts of small individuals. However, traditional manual microinjection is laborious and time consuming, and most existing automated injection systems can be costly or complicated to assemble. In this paper, a semiautomated and simple-structure vision servosystem of Zebrafish larva heart microinjection is presented. A robust vision recognition algorithm is developed to locate heart of anesthetized larvae with different postures. A rolling model that utilizes slice figures of larva body is constructed to estimate larva heart height. The two-dimensional rotation control that positions and orients larva by a motorized translational stage and a glass capillary is also proposed to meet the requirement of successful holding. Experimental results show that the developed visual detection method can achieve a success rate of 100% when larva heart is towards left or right and 90% in other postures. The rotation control approach also achieves a high success rate of 97% with rotation resolution of 0.5°. As a high-efficiency and high-cost-performance microinjection system, our system has a potential application in other organs injection of Zebrafish larvae.
A preconditioned Jacobi-Davidson method for solving large generalized memory machines (1994)

In this paper we apply the recently proposed Jacobi-Davidson method for calculating extreme eigenvalues of large matrices to a generalized eigenproblem. This leads to an algorithm that computes the extreme eigensolutions of a matrix pencil (A;B), where A and B are general matrices. Factorization of either of them is avoided. Instead we need to solve two linear systems with sucient, but modest accuracy. If both linear systems are solved accurately enough, an asymptotically quadratic speed of convergence can be achieved. Interior eigenvalues in the vicinity of a given complex number can be computed without factorization as well. We illustrate the procedure with a few numerical examples, one of them being an application in magnetohydrodynamics.
It's only scary if it's about me or my child: Different responses to emotional appeals targeting asthma awareness (2012)

Abstract presented at Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, Adelaide, 3-5 Dec 2012
Predictable Blood Pressure Variability in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies (2001)

With the aim of describing the predictable pattern of blood pressure (BP) variability during gestation, we analyzed 2430 BP series systematically sampled by ambulatory monitoring for 48 consecutive hours every 4 weeks from the first obstetric visit (usually within the first trimester of pregnancy) until delivery in 235 normotensive women, 128 women who developed gestational hypertension, and 40 women who had a final diagnosis of preeclampsia. The pattern of variation along gestation of the 24-hour means of BP and heart rate was established for each group of women by polynomial regression analysis. For normotensive women, results indicate a steady decrease in BP up to 20 weeks of pregnancy, followed by an increase in BP up to the day of delivery, with an average 8% BP increase between the middle of gestation and delivery. In complicated pregnancies, BP is stable until the 22nd week of gestation and then increases linearly for the remainder of the pregnancy. Complicated pregnancies are characterized by a 9% and 13% increase in systolic and diastolic BPs, respectively, during the second half of gestation. Results also indicate that during the first half of pregnancy, systolic but not diastolic BP is slightly elevated in women who developed preeclampsia compared with those who developed gestational hypertension. During the second half of gestation, the linear trend of increasing BP for women who developed preeclampsia has a significantly higher slope than the trend for women with gestational hypertension. For both healthy and complicated pregnancies, heart rate increases until the end of the second trimester and slightly decreases thereafter. This study of women systematically sampled by 48-hour ambulatory BP monitoring throughout gestation confirms the predictable pregnancy-associated variability in BP and provides proper information for the establishment of reference limits for BP to be used in the early diagnosis of hypertensive complications in pregnancy. Those limits should be developed as a function of gestational age, taking into account the trends in BP throughout pregnancy demonstrated here.
Novel <i>MEK1</i> Mutation Identified by Mutational Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2008)

Genetic lesions affecting a number of kinases and other elements within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed mutational profiling of a large cohort of lung adenocarcinomas to uncover other potential somatic mutations in genes of this pathway that could contribute to lung tumorigenesis. We have identified in 2 of 207 primary lung tumors a somatic activating mutation in exon 2 of MEK1 (i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 or MAP2K1) that substitutes asparagine for lysine at amino acid 57 (K57N) in the nonkinase portion of the kinase. Neither of these two tumors harbored known mutations in other genes encoding components of the EGFR signaling pathway (i.e., EGFR, HER2, KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF). Expression of mutant, but not wild-type, MEK1 leads to constitutive activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 in human 293T cells and to growth factor-independent proliferation of murine Ba/F3 cells. A selective MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, inhibits mutant-induced ERK activity in 293T cells and growth of mutant-bearing Ba/F3 cells. We also screened 85 NSCLC cell lines for MEK1 exon 2 mutations; one line (NCI-H1437) harbors a Q56P substitution, a known transformation-competent allele of MEK1 originally identified in rat fibroblasts, and is sensitive to treatment with AZD6244. MEK1 mutants have not previously been reported in lung cancer and may provide a target for effective therapy in a small subset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Clinical applications of acoustophoresis in blood based diagnostics (2018)

In this thesis, acoustofluidics has been used to process blood samples as a sample preparation step prior to biomarker detection. This is often required as the large amount of blood cells otherwise can interfere with the detection method. Acoustofluidics means moving particles or cells with acoustic forces within microfluidic channels. Ultrasound is used to create a standing wave between the channel walls. By matching of the frequency to the channel with, a half wavelength standing wave can be created between the side walls. Blood cells introduced into this channel will then be focused to the centre pressure node while the plasma can be extracted from the sides. This approach has here been used for three different applications. First it was integrated with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunoassay which not only enabled detection of PSA from whole blood but also resulted in a faster detection because of the continuous flow of produced plasma, constantly bringing new analyte close to the capturing antibodies. Secondly a similar blood plasma separation was integrated with an acoustic trap for enrichment and microchip PCR to enable fast identification of bacteria from sepsis blood samples. In a small clinical study this acoustofluidic based detection system could identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) in half of the samples compared to blood culture, probably the ones with the highest bacteria load. In an attempt to improve the bacteria recovery of the blood bacteria separation, another setup where buffer flow in the centre of the channel laminated the blood sample along the sides was tested. By carefully control the dilution of blood sample and the acoustic impedance (density times speed of sound) bacteria recovery was significantly improved. Third, simple and fast haematocrit (HCT) measurements were also achieved in an acoustofluidic device combined with image analysis. The area of the focused blood cells compared to the whole channel area gave a measure with linear relationship to HCT measure by standard methods. This way of measuring HCT could be used prior to the separation step in acoustofluidic sample preparation device. From this I conclude that acoustofluidic sample preparation, which continuously can produce plasma both from diluted and undiluted blood samples, is a promising tool for miniaturised, automated total analysis systems for the detection of rare biomarkers.
Parallel sample manipulation using micromachined pipette arrays (1998)

One of the challenges of future miniaturized biochemical analysis laboratories is manipulation of sub-(mu) L samples on a macro-scale in a parallel fashion. Today's commercially available sample handling systems for biochemical analysis are limited to wide center-to-center spacing (3.0 mm) and cannot handle sample volumes less than approximately 0.5 (mu) L. In addition, these systems are able to dispense only 6 to 12 pipettes at one time. The technique presented in this work addresses these problems by using micromachined pipette arrays for sample manipulation.
3D imaging and flow characterization of the pore space of carbonate core samples (2006)

Carbonate rocks are inherently heterogeneous having been laid down in a range of depositional environments and having undergone significant diagenesis. They are particularly difficult to characterise as the pore sizes can vary over orders of magnitudes and connectivity of pores of different scales can impact greatly on flow properties. For example, separate vuggy porosity in an underlying matrix pore system can increase the porosity, but not the permeability and lead to large residual oil saturations due to trapping in vugs. A touching vug network can have a dramatic effect on permeability and lead to higher recoveries. In this paper we image a range of carbonate core material; from model carbonate cores to core material from outcrops and reservoirs via 3D via micro-CT. Image-based calculations of porosity, MICP and permeability on 3D images of the carbonate systems are directly compared to experimental data from the same or sister core material and give good agreement. The carbonate systems studied include samples with well connected macroporous systems and other where the macroporosity is poorly\nconnected. Simulation of permeability on these systems and direct analysis of local flow properties within the system allows one to directly illustrate the important role of the connectivity of macropores on flow properties. Pore network models generated from the\nimages illustrate the varied topology obtained in different carbonate samples and show a dramatic difference when compared to clastic samples. Many carbonate samples can include a significant proportion of microporosity (pores of 2 microns or less in extent) which are not directly accessible via current micro-CT capabilities. We discuss how one can map the structure and the topology of microporous regions crucial in studies of flow, production and recovery in carbonates. A hybrid numerical scheme is developed to measure the contribution of microporosity to the overall core permeability. Overall these results show the important role of identifying the connectivity of the pore sizes in dictating the single phase flow properties. Implications to two phase relative permeability and recovery are briefly discussed.
Silver Recovery from Acidic Solutions by Formation of Nanoparticles and Submicroparticles of Ag on Microfiltration Membranes (2011)

Various methodologies have been reported for the recovery of this metal ion, with efficiencies that vary depending on the experimental conditions. Among the most common methods for silver recovery are: 1) Metal Replacement; 2) Electrolytic Recovery; 3) Precipitation; 4) Distillation; 5) Ion Exchange and 6) The use of www.intechopen.com
Catalyst-Free Chemoselective <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butyloxycarbonylation of Amines in Water (2006)

[Structure: see text] Catalyst-free N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines in water is reported. The N-t-Boc derivatives were formed chemoselectively without any isocyanate, urea, N,N-di-t-Boc, and O/S-t-Boc as side products. Chiral amines, esters of alpha-amino acids, and beta-amino alcohol afforded optically pure N-t-Boc derivatives. Amino alcohol and 2-aminophenol afforded the N-t-Boc derivative without oxazolidinone formation. Selectivity was observed during competition of aromatic amine vs aliphatic amine, amine vs amino acid ester, amine vs amino alcohol, and primary amine vs secondary amine.
Face recognition using statistical models (1997)

We describe the use of flexible models for the representation of shape and grey-level appearance of human faces. The models are controlled by a small number of parameters, which can be used to code the overall appearance of a face for image compression and classification. Shape and grey-level appearance are included in a single model. Discriminant analysis allows the isolation of variation important for classification of identity. We have performed both face recognition and face synthesis experiments and present the results in this paper.