gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparing the Workplace for Transition: A Solution to Employment Discrimination Based on Gender Identity (2010)

should enact federal legislation to settle the issue.Specifically, Congress should enact a transgender-inclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA).A transgender-inclusive ENDA would provide transgender plaintiffs with standing to sue, the opportunity to have their cases heard on the merits, and effective protection from employment discrimination.Part I of this Comment will define important terms and explain employment issues currently facing transgenders.Part II will examine Title VII, including congressional intent and standing.Part III will focus on courts' interpretation of Title VII before and after the quintessential Price Waterhouse case. 20Part IV will examine the recent and potentially pivotal decision in Schroer v. Billington. 21Part V will discuss the ENDA, Congress' attempts to protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and the Act's potential effect on employers.Finally, Part VI will argue that Congress must enact a transgender-inclusive ENDA to effectively ban employment discrimination based on gender identity and adequately safeguard transgenders from discrimination in the workplace. I. TERMINOLOGY AND EMPLOYMENT ISSUES A. TerminologyTitle VII bans discrimination "because of . . .sex." So, what exactly does that mean?According to Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, "sex" is the "sum of the structural, functional, and behavioral characteristics of living things . . .that distinguish males and females." 22More specifically, biological sex is "defined by chromosomes, internal and external genitalia, hormones, and gonads." 23While the term "sex" is often used synonymously with "gender," gender is different and is usually defined as the "behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex." 24Because Title VII bans employment discrimination "based on sex," and not gender or sexual orientation, many courts interpret Title VII to prohibit discrimination based on biological sex only. 25Applying this strictly physical definition leaves no room for a mental, psychological, or behavioral analysis, posing potential problems for transgender plaintiffs.While many courts have consistently interpreted
Self-Intoxication with Morphine Obtained from an Infusion Pump* (1999)

A 36-year-old Caucasian male was found unresponsive by his wife. He had white foam around his mouth and was pronounced dead shortly thereafter. He had a history of back pain and was treated with intrathecal morphine because of his previous addiction to oral opiate medications. Because of crimping of the pump catheter, it was replaced 4 days before his death. Toxicological findings included urine screen positive for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, opiates, hydrocodone metabolites, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine, nicotine, and metabolite. Drug concentrations were as follows: blood, 0.260 mg/L amitriptyline, 0.160 mg/L nortriptyline, 0.460 mg/L unconjugated morphine, and 0.624 mg/L total morphine; vitreous humor, 0.034 mg/L unconjugated morphine and 0.080 mg/L total morphine; and cerebrospinal fluid, 0.099 mg/L unconjugated morphine and 0.095 mg/L total morphine. Shortly after death, the volume of the residual pump reservoir was only 8 mL instead of the expected 17 mL. Testing by the FDA showed that the pump was functional. The residual content of the pump accounted for only 230 mg instead of the expected 488 mg. The high blood-morphine concentrations did not correlate with the intrathecal infusion dose. The symptoms were consistent with opiate overdose, possibly by injection of morphine withdrawn from the pump reservoir. The cause of death was determined to be fatal morphine self-intoxication, and the manner of death was accidental. This case is intended to alert regulatory agencies, pain management health professionals, pathologists, and toxicologists to the abuse potential of one of the newer analgesic-delivery systems.
Chemical model of coal devolatilization using percolation lattice statistics (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical model of coal devolatilization using percolation lattice statisticsDavid M. Grant, Ronald J. Pugmire, Thomas H. Fletcher, and Alan R. KersteinCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 2, 175–186Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00014a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00014a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1779Altmetric-Citations388LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theoretical and experimental studies on broadband constant beamwidth beamforming for circular arrays (2003)

In this paper, we deal with the broadband constant beamwidth beamforming problem for circular arrays. The response vector of a circular array is expanded in the form of sum of an infinite series, whose core function is the first kind Bessel function. High order terms of this series are truncated so that the array response vectors at different frequency components can be transformed to be approximately equal to that at the reference frequency. Constant beamwidth beamforming vectors can be constructed by using the transforming procedure, so that beams at different frequencies are same as the reference beam. The effectiveness of this method is firstly verified by computer simulation. To further investigate the performance of the proposed method, lake-experiment was carried out for a 24-element uniform circular array with radius=1.5 m. Based on the data collected from the experiment, constant beamwidth beams were successfully formed at eight different frequencies covering one-octave frequency band. Although big amplitude difference among hydrophones was observed during the experiment, the constant beamwidth beams were still correctly formed except for some distortions at sidelobe region of the beampattern. From the experiment result, we can conclude that constant beamwidth beamforming approach proposed for circular array is applicable to practical systems and has good error tolerance.
Expression of the Algal Cytochrome c6 Gene in Arabidopsis Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth (2007)

Photosynthetic plants convert light energy into ATP and NADPH in photosynthetic electron transfer and photophosphorylation, and synthesize mainly carbohydrates in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Here we report the enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of plants by introducing the gene of an algal cytochrome c6, which has been evolutionarily eliminated from higher plant chloroplasts, into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. At 60 d after planting, the plant height, leaf length and root length of the transformants were 1.3-, 1.1- and 1.3-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. At the same time, in the transgenic plants, the amounts of chlorophyll, protein, ATP, NADPH and starch were 1.2-, 1.1-, 1.9-, 1.4- and 1.2-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. The CO2 assimilation capacity of the transgenic plants was 1.3-fold that of the wild type. Moreover, in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing algal cytochrome c6, the 1-qP, which reflects the reduced state of the plastoquinone pool, is 30% decreased compared with the wild type. These results show that the electron transfer of photosynthesis of Arabidopsis would be accelerated by the expression of algal cytochrome c6. Our results demonstrate that the growth and photosynthesis of Arabidopsis plants could be enhanced by the expression of the algal cytochrome c6 gene.
The Hookah Epidemic: Emerging Public Health Threat in the Kurdish Region of Iraq (2016)

Tobacco use and smoking is among the top five causes of mortality and morbidity in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The Kurdish Association for Fighting Smoking reports that 54 percent of the Kurdish population smokes. Although smoking is not new in Kurdistan, hookah smoking has emerged as a new fashion among both young men and young women. The commentary is an attempt to understand and highlight this emerging concern and public health epidemic which needs immediate attention from the public health officials. A review of the global hookah smoking trend suggests that hookah use may ‘represent the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette’.
Fully integrated low noise, high speed PLL for GPRS application (2002)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups in which group 1 received a sham operation (controls), groups 2-5 underwent common bile duct ligation and transection 14 days before the experiments. Two days prior to the studies, animals in groups 1 and 2 received saline orally, while groups 3-5 received an oral administration of either cholic acid, deoxycholic acid or whole bile. Specimens were taken for bacterial culture, and blood was collected for endotoxin assay. The rate of positive bacterial cultures from mesenteric lymph nodes in jaundiced saline-treated animals was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared with both controls and the other jaundiced animals treated with either bile or bile acids. Assays were positive for endotoxin in the jaundiced saline-treated group, whereas they were negative in both controls and bile- or bile-acid-treated animals. We conclude that oral administration of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid or whole bile inhibited bacterial translocation and endotoxin absorption in obstructive jaundice in the rat.
Accurate CPM based early design stage SERDES PDN optimization in mobile platform (2015)

As the demand of faster data rate and power domain sharing for smaller design area increases, power integrity (PI) gets more vulnerable to self and transfer noises. So it is crucial to analyze the overall PDN requirement for reliable system before fabrication. However, the traditional approach using transistor-level analysis could not be applied for a comprehensive analysis due to limited analysis turn-around time. This paper addresses a novel methodology of power delivery network (PDN) co-optimization from chip to board in early design stage to make sure the PDN quality. Accurate CPM (chip power model) is introduced to overcome the simulation time limitation. Novel design optimization method is proposed to get optimal design parameters under the given constraints. Using the proposed methodology, overall PDN design optimization process has been demonstrated with practical examples. In this case study, package design is enhanced by up to ~ 30% inductance improvement and the number of board decoupling capacitors ~ 80% reduction after design optimization.
Chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. II (1966)

Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer ChemistryVolume 4, Issue 7 p. 1895-1897 Note Chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. II George A. Mortimer, George A. Mortimer Monsanto Company, Texas City, TexasSearch for more papers by this author George A. Mortimer, George A. Mortimer Monsanto Company, Texas City, TexasSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1966 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.150040725Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue7July 1966Pages 1895-1897 RelatedInformation
Terahertz Radiation by an Ultrafast Spontaneous Polarization Modulation of Multiferroic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>BiFeO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Thin Films (2006)

Terahertz (THz) radiation has been observed from multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films via ultrafast modulation of spontaneous polarization upon carrier excitation with illumination of femtosecond laser pulses. The radiated THz pulses from BiFeO3 thin films were clarified to directly reflect the spontaneous polarization state, giving rise to a memory effect in a unique style and enabling THz radiation even at zero-bias electric field. On the basis of our findings, we demonstrate potential approaches to ferroelectric nonvolatile random access memory with nondestructive readability and ferroelectric domain imaging microscopy using THz radiation as a sensitive probe.
Effects of Ammonia Anneal on Electron Trappings in Silicon Dioxide (1982)

After annealing of silicon dioxide in ammonia at elevated temperature, a large increase in electron traps was observed. The dominant electron trap has a capture cross section of approximately and the volume density of the trap is. From photo I‐V measurements, it was shown that the traps are distributed in the bulk of the oxide. This increase in electron traps can be used to explain the improvement in breakdown of oxides reported earlier after similar anneal in ammonia. This electron trap may be due to the presence of oxynitrides. However, infrared measurements show an increase of bonded OH in the film and the capture cross section of the trap is the same as that due to bonded OH.
Optical performance of high aspect LIGA gratings (1995)

LIGA technology has been used to fabricate linear gratings having free-standing nickel walls a few micrometers wide and as much as 50 micrometers high and period on the order of 10 micrometers . With additional MEMS processing steps, such as devices are intended for use in a tunable infrared filter. Prediction of optical performance is a particularly challenging problem for gratings with these parameters and materials and requires a robust Maxwell solver. We have applied our own code, described elsewhere, in the form of a finite element implementation of equivalent variational problem to examine the optical properties of this class of gratings. Here, we describe our predicted results for transmittance as a function of wavelength and polarization for various grating parameters and incident conditions. Measurements of fabricated gratings were also carried out, and the predictions are shown to agree well with the measured data. The filter cutoff is shown to be sensitive to cone angle of the incident radiation, and the implications of this effect on system performance are discussed.
REVISED NOMENCLATURE OF GENES THAT CONTROL YEAST FLOCCULATION (1980)

It is proposed that the flocculation genes in Saccharomyces spp. hitherto referred to as FLO 1, FLO 2, and FLO 4 are allelic and that they be consolidated into a single gene locus, to be known henceforth as FLO 1.
HCloud: A novel application-oriented cloud platform for preventive healthcare (2012)

As an emerging state-of-the-art technology, cloud computing has been applied to an extensive range of real life situations. Healthcare is one of such important application fields. We developed a healthcare system, named HCloud, after comprehensive analysis of requirements of healthcare, which based on cloud platform with characteristics of loose coupling algorithms modules and powerful parallel computing capabilities to compute the detail of these indicators for the purpose of preventive healthcare service. The proposed system can support huge physiological data storage and process heterogeneous data for various health care applications such as automated electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, providing an early warning mechanism for users with chronic disease. The architecture of the cloud platform for physiological data storage, computing, data mining, and feature selections are described. Performance evaluations based on testing has demonstrated the effectiveness and usability of the system.
Sequence variation in two <i>ipaH</i> genes of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> 5 and homology to the LRG‐like family of proteins (1991)

Oligonucleotide primers derived from the ipaH7.8 sequence have been used to determine the boundaries of DNA sequence homology among five ipaH genes on the invasion plasmid (pWR100) of Shigella flexneri 5, strain M9OT-W. The primary structure of IpaH4.5 has been established from DNA sequence analysis. The first 197 amino acids in IpaH7.8 were replaced in IpaH4.5 by a unique set of 251 amino acids, generating two related proteins with variable and conserved sequences. The amino-terminal region of IpaH4.5 displayed an internal repeat structure, also seen in IpaH7.8, characteristic of members of the leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) family. The DNA sequences of ipaH2.5 and ipaH1.4 indicate that these genes are truncated versions of ipaH7.8. Western blot analysis of a lambda gt11 ipaH recombinant (W7) subclone demonstrated that the antigenicity of IpaH7.8 resides outside the leucine-rich repetitive region.
Measuring Equilibrium Bicarbonate Concentrations Directly in Cellular Mitochondria and in Human Serum Using Europium/Terbium Emission Intensity Ratios (2012)

A series of Eu and Tb complexes of four different chiral ligands incorporating an azaxanthone sensitiser has been evaluated as probes for the bicarbonate anion. Their binding affinities were assessed at ambient pH with bicarbonate, lactate, citrate, phosphate and serum albumin. Binding was signalled by modulation of circularly polarised luminescence and apparent affinity constants were measured by examining changes in emission intensity ratios. Competition experiments show that with these species and ATP present at normal physiological values, bicarbonate can be determined selectively over the concentration range 10 to 35 mM. Bicarbonate levels are also reported by using a mixture of Eu and Tb complexes of a common ligand, examining the ratio of red/green emitted light. These methods have been adapted for the determination of bicarbonate in human serum and used for the assessment of mitochondrial levels of bicarbonate in several different cell types with confocal microscopy.
Multiple-Paper Chromatogram (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple-Paper ChromatogramW. L. PorterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 3, 412–413Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60051a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60051a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conducting Electronic Polymers by Non-Redox Processes (1988)

Abstract : In order to gain additional information concerning the nature of doped and undoped polyanilines, a collaborative 15N NMR study is underway with Professor S.J. Opella, Chemistry Department and Dr. Opella's postdoctoral associate, Dr. K.V. Ramanathan, (half of whose salary is paid by MacDiarmid's DARPA contract). 15N-enriched leucoemeraldine base (y=1)i.e. (-(C6H4)-n(H)- (C6H4)-N(H)-)x (compound I), emeraldine' base (Y approx. 0.5), (compound II); protonated emeraldine base, i.e. emeraldine.qHC1 and (Compound III) were synthesized. The solid state 15N NMR CP/MAS in natural 15N abundance of the model compound, -(C6H4)-N(H)-(C6H4)-NH2, exhibited signals at 70 ppm and 37 ppm (ammonium sulfate reference) characteristic of the -N(H)- and -NH2 groups respectively. The solid state spectrum of compound I exhibited only one peak (at 54 ppm) characteristic of the -N(H)- groups. It is, therefore consistent with the proposed structure of the polymer. For many years a major draw-back of conducting polymers was that they were not processible. However, we have now found that emeraldine base may be dissolved in 80% aqueous acetic acid or N- methypyrrolidinone (NMP) from which free-standing films of emeraldine acetate and emeraldine base may be cast. In the latter case, after appropriate treatment, free-standing, lustrous, coppery, flexible films of emeraldine base up to 12 cm x 12 cm may be obtained.
Photocatalyzed Reduction of Bicarbonate to Formate: Effect of ZnS Crystal Structure and Positive Hole Scavenger (2015)

Zinc sulfide is a promising catalyst due to its abundance, low cost, low toxicity and conduction band position that enables the photoreduction of CO2 to formic acid. This study is the first to examine experimentally the photocatalytic differences between wurtzite and sphalerite under the parameters of size (micrometer and nanoscale), crystal lattice, surface area, and band gap on productivity in the photoreduction of HCO3(-). These photochemical experiments were conducted under air mass coefficient zero (AM 0) and AM 1.5 solar simulation conditions. We observed little to no formate production under AM 1.5, but found linear formate production as a function of time using AM 0 conditions. Compared to earlier reports involving bubbled CO2 in the presence of bicarbonate, our results point to bicarbonate as the species undergoing reduction. Also investigated are the effects of three hydroxylic positive hole scavengers, ethylene glycol, propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol, IPA) and glycerol on the reduction of HCO3(-). Glycerol, a green solvent derived from vegetable oil, greatly improved the apparent quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reduction.