gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive Transfer of Protective Immunity to Larval Dirofilaria immitis from Dogs to BALB/C Mice (1991)

Protective immunity to larval Dirofilaria immitis has been demonstrated in both the natural host, the dog, and in an experimental host, the mouse. In the present study, sera were collected and pooled from dogs that had been shown to have protective immunity to larval D. immitis. The pooled serum was inoculated into normal BALB/cByJ mice that then were challenged with third-stage larvae (L3) implanted in diffusion chambers. Two weeks postchallenge no significant difference was seen in either parasite survival or growth. Three weeks postchallenge, there was a significant decrease in parasite survival in mice receiving serum from immune dogs. Living larvae recovered at 3 wk postchallenge were significantly shorter than cohorts recovered from control mice. Antibody responses to L3 and forth-stage larvae (L4) surface antigens, to L3 and L4 aqueous soluble antigens, and to an excretory-secretory antigen fraction were measured. Only antibody responses to L3 surface antigens were elevated in the immune serum as compared to controls, thus suggesting a possible role for antibodies with specificity for surface antigens in protective immunity.
The Effect and Role of Carbon Atoms in Poly(β-amino ester)s for DNA Binding and Gene Delivery (2013)

Polymeric vectors for gene delivery are a promising alternative for clinical applications, as they are generally safer than viral counterparts. Our objective was to further our mechanistic understanding of polymer structure-function relationships to allow the rational design of new biomaterials. Utilizing poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs), we investigated polymer-DNA binding by systematically varying the polymer molecular weight, adding single carbons to the backbone and side chain of the monomers that constitute the polymers, and varying the type of polymer end group. We then sought to correlate how PBAE binding affects the polyplex diameter and ζ potential, the transfection efficacy, and its associated cytotoxicity in human breast and brain cancer cells in vitro. Among other trends, we observed in both cell lines that the PBAE-DNA binding constant is biphasic with the transfection efficacy and that the optimal values of the binding constant with respect to the transfection efficacy are in the range (1-6) × 10(4) M(-1). A binding constant in this range is necessary but not sufficient for effective transfection.
Mso1p: A yeast protein that functions in secretion and interacts physically and genetically with Sec1p (1997)

The yeast Sec1p protein functions in the docking of secretory transport vesicles to the plasma membrane. We previously have cloned two yeast genes encoding syntaxins, SSO1 and SSO2, as suppressors of the temperature-sensitive sec1-1 mutation. We now describe a third suppressor of sec1-1, which we call MSO1. Unlike SSO1 and SSO2, MSO1 is specific for sec1 and does not suppress mutations in any other SEC genes. MSO1 encodes a small hydrophilic protein that is enriched in a microsomal membrane fraction. Cells that lack MSO1 are viable, but they accumulate secretory vesicles in the bud, indicating that the terminal step in secretion is partially impaired. Moreover, loss of MSO1 shows synthetic lethality with mutations in SEC1, SEC2, and SEC4, and other synthetic phenotypes with mutations in several other late-acting SEC genes. We further found that Mso1p interacts with Sec1p both in vitro and in the two-hybrid system. These findings suggest that Mso1p is a component of the secretory vesicle docking complex whose function is closely associated with that of Sec1p.
Uncovering the Hidden Antibiotic Potential of Cannabis (2020)

The spread of antimicrobial resistance continues to be a priority health concern worldwide, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies. <i>Cannabis sativa</i> has long been known to contain antibacterial cannabinoids, but their potential to address antibiotic resistance has only been superficially investigated. Here, we show that cannabinoids exhibit antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), inhibit its ability to form biofilms, and eradicate preformed biofilms and stationary phase cells persistent to antibiotics. We show that the mechanism of action of cannabigerol is through targeting the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria and demonstrate <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of cannabigerol in a murine systemic infection model caused by MRSA. We also show that cannabinoids are effective against Gram-negative organisms whose outer membrane is permeabilized, where cannabigerol acts on the inner membrane. Finally, we demonstrate that cannabinoids work in combination with polymyxin B against multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens, revealing the broad-spectrum therapeutic potential for cannabinoids.
The relationship between conceptual metaphors and classroom management language: reactions by native and non-native speakers of English (2009)

The use of the target language to manage a class and organise its work\nrepresents one of the few genuinely communicative uses of the target language\nin many formal foreign-language or bilingual-education teaching situations. It is\nthus important that both teachers and learners understand and know how to use\nthe key expressions involved. These tend to be highly metaphoric (Low, 2008)\nwith one particularly productive conceptual metaphor involving the JOURNEY\n(or TRAVEL) source domain seemingly standing out. There seems to have been\nlittle investigation to date into whether or not learners whose first language is not\nEnglish actually understand the expressions involved in such classroom\nmanagement language. Moreover, with the recent growing interest in the area of\ncontent-based learning, there is increasing pressure on language teachers, whose\nfirst language is not English, to use English as their classroom management\nlanguage. Our first aim was to look at whether the acceptability judgements for\nclassroom management expressions offered by non-native speaking teachers of\nEnglish resembled those of native speakers, and whether these judgements\nreflected corpus findings regarding the frequency of usage in spoken English. To\ndo this, we analysed native and non-native speaker responses to a short\nquestionnaire. Our second aim was to look at how non-native speakers of\nEnglish perceive the meanings of these expressions, comparing our findings to\nnative speaker judgements and corpus results
A Tale of Two Cities: Distinctiveness Theory and Advertising Effectiveness (1994)

The authors conducted an empirical study to test McGuire's (1984) distinctiveness theory within an advertising context. First, following the distinctiveness theory postulate, they found that members of minority groups were more likely than majority groups to have their ethnicity salient. Furthermore, in applying distinctiveness theory to persuasion, they found that members of minority (versus majority) groups find an ad spokesperson from their own ethnic group to be more trustworthy and that increased trustworthiness led to more positive attitudes toward the brand being advertised. The authors draw implications for both advertising to ethnic/minority groups as well as for further research applications of distinctiveness theory.
RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Myc Transcription Inhibits Stem-like Cell Maintenance and Tumorigenicity in Prostate Cancer (2013)

Several studies link disease progression, recurrence, and treatment failures to the cancer stem-like cell (CSC) subpopulation within the heterogeneous tumor cell population. Myc is a transcription factor having a central function in stem cell biology and in human cancers. Hence, Myc represents an attractive target to develop CSC-specific therapies. Recent findings suggest that Myc transcription can be silenced using an RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategy that targets noncoding promoter-associated RNA (paRNA) overlapping the transcription start site. In this study, we investigated the effects of silencing Myc transcription on prostate CSC in cell culture and xenograft models of human prostate cancer. Treatment with an effective promoter-targeting siRNA reduced the fraction of CSCs, leading to reduced self-renewal, tumor-initiating, and metastatic capability. Combined analysis of stem-like cells and senescence markers indicated that Myc silencing triggered a phenotypic shift and senescence in the CSC subpopulation. Notably, systemic delivery of the promoter-targeting siRNA in the xenograft model produced a striking suppression in the development of prostate tumors. Our results support a pivotal role for Myc in CSC maintenance and show that Myc targeting via RNAi-based transcriptional silencing can trigger CSC senescence and loss of their tumor-initiating capability. More generally, our findings demonstrate the efficacy of RNAi-based transcriptional strategies and the potential to target regulatory noncoding paRNAs for therapeutic applications.
System-Level Design Framework for Insertion-Loss-Minimized Optical Network-on-Chip Router Architectures (2014)

An optical network-on-chip (NoC) has attracted increasing attention with the advancement of silicon photonics technology due to the explosive growth in communication traffic in system-on-chip and the diminishing returns of miniaturized metal interconnect. Compared with the traditional metallic interconnect, the optical interconnect has superior effective bandwidth, transmission latency, and power consumption. In this paper, we establish an algorithmic optical router design framework to minimize the insertion loss, which is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion of microring resonators and waveguide crossings. By incorporating system-level considerations on the topology, routing algorithm, and traffic pattern in the optical NoC, the proposed technique provides a rapid design environment for a wide range of application-specific optical NoC architectures with minimized optical signal power loss.
Novel photocurable multifunctional acrylate monomers containing perfluorinated aromatic units and their copolymers for photonic applications (2004)

Abstract We designed and synthesized novel UV‐curable multifunctional acrylate monomers with perfluorinated aromatic units and their copolymers. The UV‐curable multifunctional acrylate monomers with perfluorinated aromatic units were synthesized as follows. Perfluorinated aromatic methylmethane derivatives were prepared through the reaction of pentaerythritol with hexafluorobenzene and decafluorobiphenyl in the presence of sodium hydride. They were sequentially substituted with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoro‐6‐(tetrahydropyran‐2‐yloxy)‐hexan‐1‐ol, and this yielded hydroxy‐functional compounds after tetrahydropyran deprotection. Finally, the reaction of the resultant hydroxy compounds with acryloyl chloride generated the perfluorinated multifunctional acrylate monomers in high yields of greater than 85%. The novel photocrosslinked and perfluorinated copolyacrylates, obtained after the UV and thermal curing of these monomers, satisfied the material requirements for photonic devices. Most of these copolymers were thermally stable over 370 °C, and their glass‐transition temperatures were not detected because of their highly crosslinked nature. The refractive indices of the copolymers ranged from 1.410 to 1.441. The refractive indices of the photocrosslinked and perfluorinated copolyacrylates were easily tuned by the variation of the copolymer composition. Some of these copolymers exhibited a birefringence of less than 0.0003. This was much lower than the birefringence of fluorinated polyacrylate‐based materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6375–6383, 2004
<title>Motion video coding for packet-switching networks: an integrated approach</title> (1991)

The advantages of packet video, constant image quality, service integration and statistical multiplexing, are overshadowed by packet loss, delay and jitter. By integrating network-control into the image data compression algorithm, the strong interactions between the coder and the network can be exploited and the available network bandwidth can be used best. In order to enable video transmission over today's networks without reservation or priorities and in the presence of high packet loss rates, congestion avoidance techniques need to be employed. This is achieved through rate and flow control, where feedback from the network is used to adapt coding parameters and vary the output rate. From the coding point of view the network is seen as data buffer. Analogously to constant bit rate applications, where a controller measures buffer fullness, we attempt to avoid network congestion (eq. buffer overflow) by monitoring the network and adapting the coding parameters in real-time
Time and Dose-related Ultraviolet B Damage in Viable Pig Skin Explants Held in a Newly Developed Organ Culture System¶ (2001)

For facilitating photochemical and toxicological studies an ex vivo skin model was developed in our laboratory using skin from domestic pigs. The model comprised the use of a complete skin piece, including the dermis and stratum corneum, of bigger areas to make future topical applications easier. Fully differentiated skin explants (5 x 50 mm, thickness 5 mm) were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB; 1-10 kJ/m2; 6 W/m2). Directly thereafter they were brought in culture (Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium containing hydrocortisone; air/liquid interface) for a maximum of 144 h. In nonirradiated skin explants, signs of tissue degeneration were observed after 48 h in culture (hematoxylin and eosin, light microscope). However, keratinocytes, isolated enzymatically (thermolysin and trypsin) at different time intervals in culture from nonirradiated skin explants showed negligible loss in viability (trypan blue exclusion) and increased apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphatase nick end labeling assay) for up to 72 h. Explants irradiated with a single dose of UVB showed a clear and reproducible dose- and time-dependent tissue degeneration, loss in keratinocyte viability and increase in apoptosis compared with nonirradiated explants at the same time interval. In conclusion, the presently designed ex vivo pig skin model can be a useful and cheap tool for future investigations of short-term UV-induced effects in combination with phototoxic and photoprotective compounds.
Polarimetric Microwave Radiometer Calibration. (2008)

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Maximal expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling in the rat ovary occurs in late pregnancy (2009)

Maintenance of the rodent corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy requires prolactin receptor (PRLR) signal transduction via STAT5. At the end of pregnancy, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) induces luteal regression through many mechanisms, including downregulation of PRLR signaling. We have previously shown that a PGF(2alpha) analog upregulates suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in the CL of day 19 pregnant rats leading to reduced STAT5 signaling. Here, we examined endogenous SOCS expression and STAT5 signaling in the rat ovary during normal pregnancy and luteolysis. The mRNA expression of Socs1, Socs2, and Socs3 and related cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (Cish) was low in early pregnancy (day 7), but significantly increased at mid-pregnancy (days 10 and 13) associated with increased endogenous tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP) of STAT5. In support of the notion that these changes are due to increasing placental lactogen levels at this time, we found that treatment with exogenous PRL on day 7 increased TyrP of STAT5 and induced SOCS mRNA expression, except Socs3. After mid-pregnancy, further significant increases in Socs3 and Cish mRNA expression were observed. Such changes in mRNA expression correlated with protein levels, with protein levels of both SOCS3 and CISH being maximal in late pregnancy (days 19-21). In addition, a significant reduction in TyrP of STAT5 was first observed on day 20, with a further substantial decrease on day 21. Therefore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased SOCS expression in the rat ovary during late pregnancy reduces STAT5 signaling, which may be important in PGF(2alpha)-induced luteolysis.
Combinations of Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Preparations for the Topical Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Assessed using a Murine Zosteriform Infection Model (1998)

Recently we have reported a zosteriform murine infection model which employs the adoptive transfer of immune cells (ATI) to recipient infected mice to produce a disease that mimics human recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. Mice were infected with HSV-1 by scarification at the lateroventral line of the neck; 2 days later, the mice received immune cells from HSV-1-infected syngeneic mice. Although virus was cleared more quickly from the target tissues of virus replication in recipient mice, ATI resulted in a heightened inflammatory response and delayed healing. This model was used to test the effects of topical formulations containing foscarnet and/or the anti-inflammatory agent, hydrocortisone. Virus clearance and clinical signs, including ear thickness and zosteriform spread of lesions, were studied. Treatment with 3% foscarnet accelerated virus clearance but had little effect on clinical parameters. By contrast, 0.5% hydrocortisone increased the titre and extended the presence of infectious virus for at least 6 days, although the reduction in clinical signs was greater than that obtained with topical foscarnet. Foscarnet in combination with hydrocortisone produced a marked reduction in clinical signs while virus replication was reduced. These results are discussed in relation to the inflammation and discomfort experienced by patients and a possible role for anti-inflammatory formulations in the treatment of HSV reactivation episodes in man.
Sustainable Development: a Holistic Approach to Natural Resource Management (1992)

The author examines sustainable development, which has become the quintessential paradigm for addressing the worldwide dilemma of advancing economic development while protecting environmental quality, from the broad perspectives of systems analysis. He attempts to determine whether sustainable development is a new philosophical paradigm that is more encompassing than currently available approaches to solving global and large-scale complex problems or a grass-roots manifestation of a holistic-systemic philosophy well supported by ample theory, methodology, and problem-solving algorithms. The prospects of success for sustainable development is also discussed. >
DHCNN for Visibility Estimation in Foggy Weather Conditions (2018)

This paper proposes a new method to estimate visibility range in strong foggy weather conditions on a basis of the Deep Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (DHCNN). Our method is designed to estimate visibility distance from a digital camera in real-time but by way of using deep networks, it becomes a more challenging task to achieve outcomes quickly. In addition to this, prior to making any prediction, the model needs to pre-process each input so it will produce the desired results. As a consequence, our implemented prototype consists of two main stage: pre-processing inputs and classifier. Each of those stages concatenated sequentially. From the outer perspective, this demonstrates our model's architecture very deep and computationally costly. However, these two stages make our model more robust and help to learn only useful features from inputs. Since the first pre-processing stage identifies Region of Interest (ROI) and removes redundant parts from a high-resolution image and sends forward to classifier just ROI part in lower resolution. We witnessed great accuracy in estimating visibility on not only heavy foggy images but also the classification of hazy images fulfilled very accurately.
Drone Small Cells in the Clouds: Design, Deployment and Performance Analysis (2015)

The use of drone small cells (DSCs) which are aerial wireless base stations that can be mounted on flying devices such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), is emerging as an effective technique for providing wireless services to ground users in a variety of scenarios. The efficient deployment of such DSCs while optimizing the covered area is one of the key design challenges. In this paper, considering the low altitude platform (LAP), the downlink coverage performance of DSCs is investigated. The optimal DSC altitude which leads to a maximum ground coverage and minimum required transmit power for a single DSC is derived. Furthermore, the problem of providing a maximum coverage for a certain geographical area using two DSCs is investigated in two scenarios; interference free and full interference between DSCs. The impact of the distance between DSCs on the coverage area is studied and the optimal distance between DSCs resulting in maximum coverage is derived. Numerical results verify our analytical results on the existence of optimal DSCs altitude/separation distance and provide insights on the optimal deployment of DSCs to supplement wireless network coverage.
Bangladesh - Private Sector Infrastructure Development Project : Environment and Social Framework (2000)

Bangladesh has designed this Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) to provide the state-created Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) with an overall framework to guide the identification, preparation, appraisal, and implementation of environmental and social concerns at the project and at the organizational level. IDCOL promotes private participation in infrastructure development. Potential environmental impacts are: 1) polluting emissions; 2) change in biological diversity and ecological equilibrium; 3) land acquisition and forced resettlement; and 4) health and safety hazards. Possible adverse environmental and social impacts will be mitigated by 1) integrating waste management measures and maintaining the environmental quality of project locations; 2) ensuring that the standards of living and income levels of project affected persons are improved, or at least restored after project implementation by participatory resettlement and appropriate economic rehabilitation; 3) minimizing pollutants; and 4) reducing pressure on natural resources.