gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miR-22 Forms a Regulatory Loop in PTEN/AKT Pathway and Modulates Signaling Kinetics (2010)

Our results suggest that miR-22 acts to fine-tune the dynamics of PTEN/AKT/FoxO1 pathway.
4.5 tesla magnetic field reduces range of high-energy positrons-potential implications for positron emission tomography (1997)

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the extent to which homogeneous magnetic fields up to 7 Tesla reduce the spatial distance positrons travel before annihilation (positron range). Computer simulations of a noncoincident detector design using a Monte Carlo algorithm calculated the positron range as a function of positron energy and magnetic field strength. The simulation predicted improvements in resolution, defined as full-width at half-maximum (FWBM) of the line-spread function (LSP) for a magnetic field strength up to 7 Tesla: negligible for F-18, from 3.35 mm to 2.73 mm for Ga-68 and from 3.66 mm to 2.68 mm for Rb-82. Also a substantial noise suppression was observed, described by the full-width at tenth-maximum (FWTM) for higher positron energies. The experimental approach confirmed an improvement in resolution for Ga-68 from 3.54 mm at 0 Tesla to 2.99 mm FWHM at 4.5 Tesla and practically no improvement for F-18 (2.97 mm at 0 Tesla and 2.95 mm at 4.5 Tesla). It is concluded that the simulation model is appropriate and that a homogeneous static magnetic field of 4.5 Tesla reduces the range of high-energy positrons to an extent that may improve spatial resolution in positron emission tomography.
Production and Fungitoxicity of the Terpenoid Phytoalexins in Cotton Inoculated with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. vasinfectum (1993)

Abstract Four terpenoid phytoalexins, desoxyhemigossypol (dHG), hemigossypol (HG), desoxyhemigossypol‐ 6‐methyl ether (dMHG) and hemigossypol‐6‐methyl ether (MHG), were identified with HPLC analysis of extracts from the moderately Fusarium wilt resistant cotton var. TAMCOT CAMD‐E ( Gossypium hirsutum ) inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (F. o. v.). Concentrations of dHG, HG, dMHG and MG in stem steles at 10 days after inoculation were 45.1, 175. 0, 38. 3 and 1. 6 (g g –1 fresh tissue, respectively. The bioassays demonstrated that all four phytoalexins were toxic to F. o. v. The ED 50 's of dHG, dMHG and HG were calculated as 8. 8, 13. 4 and 29. 3 (g ml −1 , respectively. The very low solubility of MHG in the standard assay medium prevented the determination of its ED 50 value. Only dHG is water soluble at levels that appear necessary to act as an effective phytoalexin. At 30 μg ml −1 , dHG kills all conidia and mycelia of F. o. v . Viable propagules of F. o. v. were recovered from the steles of inoculated plants 10 days after inoculation; however, the pathogen was restricted to a zone 15 cm above the hypocotyl inoculation site. Thus, the fungistatic action of dHG appears to contribute to the resistance of cotton to Fusarium wilt by preventing the systemic distribution of F. o. v . propagules.
The global establishment of a highly-fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 strain (2013)

While the spread of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky resistant to ciprofloxacin across Africa and the Middle-East has been described recently, the presence of this strain in humans, food, various animal species (livestock, pets, and wildlife) and in environment is suspected in other countries of different continents. Here, we report results of an in-depth molecular epidemiological study on a global human and non-human collection of S. Kentucky (n = 70). We performed XbaI-pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, assessed mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions, detected β-lactam resistance mechanisms, and screened the presence of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). In this study, we highlight the rapid and extensive worldwide dissemination of the ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky ST198-X1-SGI1 strain since the mid-2000s in an increasingly large number of contaminated sources, including the environment. This strain has accumulated an increasing number of chromosomal and plasmid resistance determinants and has been identified in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Europe since 2010. The second substitution at position 87 in GyrA (replacing the amino acid Asp) appeared helpful for epidemiological studies to track the origin of contamination. This global study provides evidence leading to the conclusion that high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. Kentucky is a simple microbiological trait that facilitates the identification of the epidemic clone of interest, ST198-X1-SGI1. Taking this into account is essential in order to detect and monitor it easily and to take rapid measures in livestock to ensure control of this infection.
Two-Year Caries Clinical Study of the Efficacy of Novel Dentifrices Containing 1.5% Arginine, an Insoluble Calcium Compound and 1,450 ppm Fluoride (2013)

A 2-year double-blind randomized three-treatment controlled parallel-group clinical study compared the anti-caries efficacy of two dentifrices containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound (di-calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate) and 1,450 ppm fluoride (F), as sodium monofluorophosphate, to a control dentifrice containing 1,450 ppm F, as sodium fluoride, in a silica base. The 6,000 participants were from Bangkok, Thailand and aged 6-12 years initially. They were instructed to brush twice daily, in the morning and evening, with their randomly assigned dentifrice. Three trained and calibrated dentists examined the children at baseline and after 1 and 2 years using the National Institute of Dental Research Diagnostic Procedures and Criteria. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and surfaces (DMFS) for the three study groups were very similar at baseline, with no statistically significant differences among groups. After 1 year, there were no statistically significant differences in caries increments among the three groups. After 2 years, the two groups using the dentifrices containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound and 1,450 ppm F had statistically significantly (p < 0.02) lower DMFT increments (21.0 and 17.7% reductions, respectively) and DMFS increments (16.5 and 16.5%) compared to the control dentifrice. The differences between the two groups using the new dentifrices were not statistically significant. The results of this pivotal clinical study support the conclusion that dentifrices containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound and 1,450 ppm F provide significantly greater protection against caries lesion cavitation, in a low to moderate caries risk population, than dentifrices containing 1,450 ppm F alone.
Air Trenches-assisted Highly Selective, Fully Flexible SOI Filtering Element (2019)

We demonstrate a SOI fully flexible filtering element based on serial coupled ring resonators exhibiting 12–116 GHz bandwidth tunability, ER values up to 37.5 dB, high bandwidth tuning efficiency of 3.95 GHz/mW and compact footprint.
Experimental investigation of flow separation associated with a step or a groove. (1961)

Low-speed measurements were made on the flow separation associated with a backward-facing step or a rectangular groove by determining the distribution of pressure along the surface and the distributions of mean and fluctuating velocities across several transverse sections. The pressure distribution was found to be rather insensitive to the changes in step height and thickness of the approaching boundary layer. This can be understood by realizing that the cavity flow behind the step is maintained in equilibrium such that the pressure exerted by the solid surface is balanced by the turbulent shear stress, which is set up in the mixing region approximately independently of the step height and the approaching boundary layer. The flow over a groove is markedly different according as it is deep or shallow, the demarcating value of depth-breadth ratio beind around 0.7. The deep-groove type of flow is characterized by a comparatively smooth flow and a low value of pressure drag. The converse is true of the shallow grooves. The cavity flow region inside the groove is maintained in equilibrium similarly as in the case of flow over a step.
Coherent optical-fibre sensors with modulated laser sources (1983)

Coherent optical-fibre sensing based on environmentally induced phase modulation can be extremely sensitive, but interferometric detection limits dynamic range. This letter examines a separate class of applications where the very high sensitivity is not required, but where remote optical sensing of relatively large physical variations is desirable. We describe a system whereby source modulation may be used to determine the state of a remote interferometer accurately and unambiguously over phase modulations from a fraction of an optical wavelength to tens or even hundreds of wavelengths. The concept may also be utilised as the basis of a multiplexed sensor highway, and preliminary results are reported.
Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz (1988)

The impedance of skin coated with gel but otherwise unprepared was measured from 1 Hz to 1 MHz at ten sites on the thorax, leg, and forehead of ten subjects. For a 1-cm/sup 2/ area, the 1 Hz impedance varied from 10 k Omega to 1 M Omega , which suggests that the bipotential amplifier input impedance should be very high to avoid common-mode-to-differential-mode voltage conversion. The 1-MHz impedance was tightly clustered about 120 Omega . The 100-kHz impedance was about 220 Omega , which suggests that the variation in skin impedance can cause errors in two-electrode electrical impedance tomographs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal structure to 2.45 Å resolution of a monoclonal Fab specific for the <i>Brucella</i> A cell wall polysaccharide antigen (1993)

The atomic structure of an antibody antigen-binding fragment (Fab) at 2.45 A resolution shows that polysaccharide antigen conformation and Fab structure dictated by combinatorial diversity and domain association are responsible for the fine specificity of the Brucella-specific antibody, YsT9.1. It discriminates the Brucella abortus A antigen from the nearly identical Brucella melitensis M antigen by forming a groove-type binding site, lined with tyrosine residues, that accommodates the rodlike A antigen but excludes the kinked structure of the M antigen, as envisioned by a model of the antigen built into the combining site. The variable-heavy (VH) and variable-light (VL) domains are derived from genes closely related to two used in previously solved structures, M603 and R19.9, respectively. These genes combine in YsT9.1 to form an antibody of totally different specificity. Comparison of this X-ray structure with a previously built model of the YsT9.1 combining site based on these homologies highlights the importance of VL:VH association as a determinant of specificity and suggests that small changes at the VL:VH interface, unanticipated in modeling, may cause significant modulation of binding-site properties.
Neuroengineering tools/applications for bidirectional interfaces, brain–computer interfaces, and neuroprosthetic implants – a review of recent progress (2010)

The main focus of this review is to provide a holistic amalgamated overview of the most recent human in vivo techniques for implementing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), bidirectional interfaces, and neuroprosthetics. Neuroengineering is providing new methods for tackling current difficulties; however neuroprosthetics have been studied for decades. Recent progresses are permitting the design of better systems with higher accuracies, repeatability, and system robustness. Bidirectional interfaces integrate recording and the relaying of information from and to the brain for the development of BCIs. The concepts of non-invasive and invasive recording of brain activity are introduced. This includes classical and innovative techniques like electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy. Then the problem of gliosis and solutions for (semi-) permanent implant biocompatibility such as innovative implant coatings, materials, and shapes are discussed. Implant power and the transmission of their data through implanted pulse generators and wireless telemetry are taken into account. How sensation can be relayed back to the brain to increase integration of the neuroengineered systems with the body by methods such as micro-stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are then addressed. The neuroprosthetic section discusses some of the various types and how they operate. Visual prosthetics are discussed and the three types, dependant on implant location, are examined. Auditory prosthetics, being cochlear or cortical, are then addressed. Replacement hand and limb prosthetics are then considered. These are followed by sections concentrating on the control of wheelchairs, computers and robotics directly from brain activity as recorded by non-invasive and invasive techniques.
Chronic illness and health-seeking information on the Internet (2007)

By using the theories of help-seeking behavior and health-information seeking, this article demonstrates the relationship between chronic illness, retrieving health information from the Internet and changing health behavior. Research on the impact of health information on the Internet and changing health behavior is fairly new, given the growth of the Internet in recent years. Using US data on Internet use within the US population, multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the relationships between chronic medical conditions and frequency of Internet use, as well as changes in health behavior due to frequency of Internet use. The findings suggest that it is not merely the presence of a particular chronic illness, but rather the total number of chronic conditions that determine Internet use. Also, the more frequently a person uses the Internet as a source of health information, the more likely they are to change their health behavior.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Gravity-Supported, Computer-Enhanced Arm Exercise for Individuals With Severe Hemiparesis (2009)

Gravity-supported arm exercise, using the T-WREX or tabletop support, can improve arm movement ability after chronic severe hemiparesis with brief one-on-one assistance from a therapist (approximately 4 minutes per session). The 3-dimensional weight support, instant visual movement feedback, and simple virtual reality software provided by T-WREX were associated with modest sustained gains at 6-month follow-up when compared with the conventional approach.
Fractal-Based Thinned Planar-Array Design Utilizing Iterative FFT Technique (2012)

This paper investigated the synthesis problem of fractal-based thinned planar arrays by using the iterative Fourier technique (IFT). Since an inverse discrete Fourier transform relationship exists between the array factor and the element excitations for a periodic array antenna, an iterative Fourier technique is introduced to derive the array element excitation from the prescribed array factor based on this peculiar property. However, considering the IFT technique is sensitive to the initial values, the fractal-thinned array technique is employed and combined in the synthesis process to exploit the advantages of these two techniques. Moreover, the DRR of the excitation amplitude is controlled to achieve a reduction of the cost of the feeding network. Numerical examples have been carried out to validate the proposed approach.
Application of 3D CMOS technology to SRAMs (2002)

Through large reductions in area and compatibility with logic, 3D CMOS provides a fruitful path for stand-alone SRAMs and high-performance logic designs. Important factors - cell area, static noise margin, access time, and leakage current are addressed in this paper for 3D SRAM implementations.
Synthesis of etioporphyrin by monopyrrole tetramerization (1979)

Acid-catalyzed tetermerization of 4-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-raethylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid(1) is shown to produce a mixture of all four etioporphyrin primary —type-isomers–, rather than solely etioporphvrin-I (2). © 1979, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Visible-Light-Induced Olefin Activation Using 3D Aromatic Boron-Rich Cluster Photooxidants (2016)

We report a discovery that perfunctionalized icosahedral dodecaborate clusters of the type B12(OCH2Ar)12 (Ar = Ph or C6F5) can undergo photo-excitation with visible light, leading to a new class of metal-free photooxidants. Excitation in these species occurs as a result of the charge transfer between low-lying orbitals located on the benzyl substituents and an unoccupied orbital delocalized throughout the boron cluster core. Here we show how these species, photo-excited with a benchtop blue LED source, can exhibit excited-state reduction potentials as high as 3 V and can participate in electron-transfer processes with a broad range of styrene monomers, initiating their polymerization. Initiation is observed in cases of both electron-rich and electron-deficient styrene monomers at cluster loadings as low as 0.005 mol%. Furthermore, photo-excitation of B12(OCH2C6F5)12 in the presence of a less activated olefin such as isobutylene results in the production of highly branched poly(isobutylene). This work introduces a new class of air-stable, metal-free photo-redox reagents capable of mediating chemical transformations.
Surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in 2013 (2013)

Surfactant whether given prophylactically in the delivery room or to babies with established respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) reduces the severity of RDS, incidence of air leaks and pneumothorax and, most importantly, neonatal death. Despite being the most intensively studied intervention in neonatal medicine, there is still debate among neonatologists regarding the best preparations, the optimal dose and mode of administration and when best to intervene with surfactant. European Consensus Guidelines on the management of RDS have been developed and updated twice since 2007 reflecting changes in practice as new evidence emerges and in this article we summarize current opinion regarding optimal surfactant use in the present era of non-invasive respiratory support.
Residual Stress Characteristics of Functionally Gradient Materials (1992)

The residual stresses of functionally gradient materials induced during the fabrication process were analyzed by comparing with two-layer composites prepared by direct bonding. Functionally gradient materials can be grouped into three classes, structurally gradation plates from the surface to the back, gradation coatings formed on the substrate, and gradation joints formed between base metals. In this paper, firstly, these three types of functionally gradient materials of stabilized zirconia/nickel-based alloy composites were chosen for finite element method analysis of residual stress distributions. It was verified that the residual stresses induced by uniform heating process could be decreased by use of the gradation techniques. Especially, the stress singularities at the edge of the interface of direct bonding composites were eliminated in case of the functionally gradient materials. Secondly, the effects of gradation size and material constants, such as Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficients on the residual stress of the functionally gradient materials were investigated by the thermo-elastic analysis using the finite element method. It was found that the residual stresses could be effectively analyzed by application of a dimensionless parameter, which is σ(1-μ1)/[E1(α1-α2)ΔT] (σ: residual stress, μ1=μ2: Poisson's ratio, E1: Young's modulus of material 1, (α1-α2): difference in thermal expansion coefficient between materials 1 and 2, ΔT: temperature difference) in case of the functionally gradient materials. Thus, the analytical results indicated that the fabrication of large functionally gradient materials was difficult because of the increasing of the residual stresses for the same gradation thickness.
Forward Digit Span and Articulation Speed for Malay, English, and Two Chinese Dialects (1992)

157 children aged 10 years and 154 university students aged 22 to 25 years were divided into four groups based on their principal home language (Malay, English, Mandarin, or Hokkien). Each subject was tested on forward digit span and articulation speed for numbers in English and in one of the other three languages. Analysis suggested that both speed of articulation and fluency in language affected the digit span value.
<title>Structural deformation monitoring with GPS: operational issues</title> (1998)

This paper discusses operational issues which affect the reliability and affordability of Global Positioning System (GPS)-based structural deformation monitoring systems. Two primary differences between GPS and most other sensors commonly used are the amount of data generated and the complexity of data processing functions. If these functions are not handled appropriately, operational costs can outweigh the relative benefits of GPS and make the system unaffordable. However, a significant amount of automation can be designed into the system to minimize labor costs and risk of human error.
Preclinical targeted alpha therapy for subcutaneous melanoma (2001)

An alpha-emitting immunoconjugate (AIC) against malignant melanoma was prepared from the radioisotope bismuth-213 and a melanoma monoclonal antibody, and was used to control the growth of subcutaneous melanoma in a nude mouse model. Activity tolerances were found to be 8 mCi/kg for intraperitoneal injection of the conjugate, and 10 mCi/kg for intralesional injections. Local targeted alpha therapy (TAT) via intralesional injections of activities in the range 12.5-200 microCi shows a very high level of inhibition of tumorigenesis and regression of tumours. Results show that isolated cancer cells and preangiogenic cell clusters can be eliminated by local TAT, and that intralesional injections of 100 microCi of AIC are sufficient to cause complete regression of melanomas with volumes up to 300 mm3 without any observed side effects. Systemic TAT was less effective, with all tumours experiencing growth delay and limited inhibition of tumour growth. These data provide the basis for clinical trials of TAT in recurrent subcutaneous melanoma.
AUTOMATED HARVESTING OF BURLEY TOBACCO IL EVALUATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE (1990)

ABSTRACT A prototype system for fully automated harvesting of burley tobacco has been developed and tested. Three years of field testing has shown that mechanical losses associated with the system were only slightly higher than via conventional methods. The system performed reliably at a sustained harvesting rate of approximately 1.4 ha/day (3.4 acre/day), while indicating that a rate of 2 ha/day (5 acre/day) should be easily achievable. The system is operated by two workers and reduces conventional labor requirement by approximately 80-85%.
NDN DeLorean (2017)

Named Data Networking (NDN) enables data-centric security in network communication by mandating digital signatures on network-layer data packets. Since the lifetime of some data can extend to many years, they outlive the lifetime of their signatures. This paper introduces NDN DeLorean, an authentication framework to ensure the long-term authenticity of long-lived data. The design of DeLorean takes a publicly auditable bookkeeping service approach to keep permanent proofs of data signatures and the times when the signatures were generated. To assess DeLorean's feasibility the paper presents a set of analytical evaluations on the operational cost as a function of data archive volumes. The paper also identifies several remaining issues that must be addressed in order to make DeLorean a general solution to authenticating long-lived data.