gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Chemical Shift Dispersion in Fullerene Derivatives. Local Strain Affects the Magnetic Environment of Distant Fullerene Carbons (2003)

13C NMR chemical shift assignments for 1,2-C60H2 (1) and a series of 13C-labeled fullerene derivatives with three-, four-, and five-membered annulated rings (2-4) were assigned using 2D INADEQUATE spectroscopy and examined for trends that correspond to the changes in strain in the fullerene cage. Chemical shifts of equivalent carbons from 1-4 show that eight carbons trend downfield (carbons 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17) and the remaining six carbons (4, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14) trend upfield with increasing ring size. While the average chemical shift is nearly constant, the dispersion is greatest when the local strain is the least, in 1,2-C60H2 (1). 13C chemical shifts are not well correlated with trends in ring size, with strain as measured by the pyramidalization angle of nearby carbons, or with the geometry of the fullerene cage. We interpret the results as evidence that subtle geometrical changes lead to modulation of the strength of ring currents near the site of addition and, in turn, the magnetic field generated by these ring currents affects the chemical shift of carbons on the far side of the fullerene core. These results highlight ring currents as being critically important to the determination of 13C chemical shifts in fullerene derivatives.
Control analysis of mammalian serine biosynthesis. Feedback inhibition on the final step (1988)

The flux of serine biosynthesis in the liver of the normal rabbit, and of the rat on a low protein diet, is most sensitive to the activity of phosphoserine phosphatase (flux control coefficient up to 0.97), the last of the three enzymes in the pathway after it branches from glycolysis. The concentration of the pathway product, serine, has a strong controlling influence on the flux (response coefficient up to -0.64) through feedback inhibition at this step. The pathway is therefore controlled primarily by the demand for serine rather than the supply of the pathway precursor, 3-phosphoglycerate. Under conditions where there is a lower biosynthetic flux, the flux control coefficients of the first two enzymes of the pathway are increased, and are probably dominant in the rat on a normal diet. In rabbit liver, when ethanol is used to inhibit serine biosynthesis, control can be distributed between the three enzymes, even though the reactions catalysed by the first two remain close to equilibrium. Apart from their intrinsic value in aiding the understanding of the regulation of mammalian serine metabolism, our findings illustrate the danger of assuming that there are invariant design principles in the regulation of metabolic pathways, such as feedback control on the first step after a branch.
Brain angiotensin: pathways and pharmacology. (1988)

The existence of a brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as one of various tissue RASs is now firmly established. Angiotensin-containing pathways within brain areas involved in central blood pressure regulation have been described. Evidence from biochemical, neurophysiologic, pharmacologic, and most recently, molecular genetic studies indicate that the brain RAS is regulated independently of the hormonal RAS and may contribute to blood pressure control and body fluid homeostasis. In addition, circulating angiotensin II can exert some of its action through stimulation of brain angiotensin receptors accessible from the blood. In experimental animal preparations of hypertension, especially in spontaneously hypertensive rats, an overactive brain RAS may be one of the factors involved in pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, inhibitors of the angiotensin II-generating converting enzyme (CE) have been shown to lower blood pressure by a central action when applied to the brain and to inhibit brain CE when applied systemically. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a particular cardiovascular disease and the characteristics of the CE inhibitor used (e.g., its lipid solubility governing penetration into tissue) may determine the degree to which CE inhibition within a given organ, such as the brain, contributes to the action of these drugs.
Using Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal Designs in Wireless Relay Networks (2007)

Distributed space–time coding was proposed to achieve cooperative diversity in wireless relay networks without channel information at the relays. Using this scheme, antennas of the distributive relays work as transmit antennas of the sender and generate a space–time code at the receiver. It achieves the maximal diversity when the transmit power is infinitely large. This paper is on the design of practical distributed space–time codes (DSTCs). We use orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal designs which are originally used in the design of space–time codes for multiple-antenna systems. It is well known that orthogonal space–time codes have full diversity and linear decoding complexity. They are particularly suitable for transmissions in the network setting using distributed space–time coding since their "scale-free" property leads to good performance. Our simulations show that they achieve lower error rates than the random code. We also compare distributed space–time coding to selection decode-and-forward using the same orthogonal designs. Simulations show that distributed space–time coding achieves higher diversity than selection decode-and-forward (DF) when there is more than one relay. We also generalize the distributed space–time coding scheme to wireless relay networks with channel information at the relays. Although our analysis and simulations show that there is no improvement in the diversity, in some networks, having channel information at the relays saves both the transmission power and the transmission time.
Structure of Myostatin·Follistatin-like 3 (2011)

TGF-β family ligands are involved in a variety of critical physiological processes. For instance, the TGF-β ligand myostatin is a staunch negative regulator of muscle growth and a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β family regulation. One form of regulation is through inhibition by extracellular antagonists such as the follistatin (Fst)-type proteins. Myostatin is tightly controlled by Fst-like 3 (Fstl3), which is the only Fst-type molecule that has been identified in the serum bound to myostatin. Here, we present the crystal structure of myostatin in complex with Fstl3. The structure reveals that the N-terminal domain (ND) of Fstl3 interacts uniquely with myostatin as compared with activin A, because it utilizes different surfaces on the ligand. This results in conformational differences in the ND of Fstl3 that alter its position in the type I receptor-binding site of the ligand. We also show that single point mutations in the ND of Fstl3 are detrimental to ligand binding, whereas corresponding mutations in Fst have little effect. Overall, we have shown that the NDs of Fst-type molecules exhibit distinctive modes of ligand binding, which may affect overall affinity of ligand·Fst-type protein complexes.
Identifying Markov blankets with decision tree induction (2004)

The Markov blanket of a target variable is the minimum conditioning set of variables that makes the target independent of all other variables. Markov blankets inform feature selection, aid in causal discovery and serve as a basis for scalable methods of constructing Bayesian networks. We apply decision tree induction to the task of Markov blanket identification. Notably, we compare (a) C5.0, a widely used algorithm for decision rule induction, (b) C5C, which post-processes C5.0 's rule set to retain the most frequently referenced variables and (c) PC, a standard method for Bayesian network induction. C5C performs as well as or better than C5.0 and PC across a number of data sets. Our modest variation of an inexpensive, accurate, off-the-shelf induction engine mitigates the need for specialized procedures, and establishes baseline performance against which specialized algorithms can be compared.
Corrosion of Thin Film Magnetic Disk: Galvanic Effects of the Carbon Overcoat (1989)

Thin film magnetic disks are usually coated with a layer of carbon or silica to improve wear properties, enhance flyability, and reduce environmental degradation of the underlying metal layers. In this paper we investigated the effect of dc and RF sputter deposited carbon overcoats on the corrosion behavior of the magnetic layers using electrochemical techniques and a corrosive gas chamber. Corrosion test samples were characterized by optical microscopy, ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning Auger spectroscopy (SAM) in order to establish the mechanism of corrosion. Corrosion of the magnetic layer was found to be galvanically coupled to the carbon overcoat and influenced by several disk processing parameters.
<i>Arabidopsis</i>ZIM, a Plant-specific GATA Factor, Can Function as a Transcriptional Activator (2003)

Arabidopsis ZIM is a putative transcription factor containing an atypical GATA-type zinc-finger motif. Transcriptional activation by ZIM was tested using a transient GAL4 fusion assay and measuring the expression of a luciferase reporter in tobacco BY-2 cells. ZIM functioned as a transcriptional activator, and the transactivation domain was found to occur in its N-terminal acidic region.
Lensless phase microscopy using phase retrieval with multiple illumination wavelengths (2012)

A phase retrieval method for microscopy using multiple illumination wavelengths is proposed. A fast algorithm suitable for calculations with high numerical aperture is used for the iterative retrieval of the object wavefront. The advantages and limitations of the technique are systematically analyzed and demonstrated by both simulation and experimental results.
Efficient Incorporation of Global Effects in Upscaled Models of Two-Phase Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Formations (2006)

Geological variability occurring over multiple length scales can significantly affect fluid flow in subsurface formations. In this paper we explore the impact of large scale (global) information on the accuracy of coarse scale models for two-phase flow and transport. Based on these findings, a new methodology for generating coarse models is introduced. This approach, which avoids any global fine scale calculations, entails adaptive local-global single-phase parameter upscaling coupled with subgrid models for two-phase parameters. Two related subgrid treatments for two-phase flow effects---a pseudorelative permeability model and a generalized convection-diffusion model---are investigated and applied. The upscaled single-phase parameters (transmissibilities), computed using the adaptive local-global procedure, account explicitly for global boundary conditions as they are adapted for a specific flow scenario. The two-phase coarse scale functions are computed from local simulations using effective flux boundary conditions (EFBCs), which account approximately for global effects in the local computations. The advantages of the adaptive local-global upscaled single-phase parameters, as well as the superior accuracy of EFBCs relative to standard treatments for two-phase parameters, are demonstrated for several challenging two-dimensional example cases. The overall method is also applied to highly heterogeneous systems with global boundary conditions that vary in time. Using standard upscaling methods, errors for some of these cases are very large, though the new methodology is shown to consistently provide reasonably accurate coarse models.
A selective-epitaxial-growth SiGe-base HBT with SMI electrodes featuring 9.3-ps ECL-gate delay (1999)

An ultra-high-speed selective-epitaxial-growth SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with self-aligned stacked metal/in-situ doped poly-Si (IDP) (referred to as SMI) electrodes is developed. A 0.5-/spl mu/m-wide SiGe base self-aligned to the 0.1-/spl mu/m-wide emitter was selectively grown by using a UHV/CVD system. This self-aligned structure effectively reduces collector capacitance. In SMI technology, a tungsten film is selectively stacked on all poly-Si electrodes (base, emitter, and collector) in a self-aligned manner by using selective deposition without any heat treatment. So this technology does not cause unwanted diffusion of the base dopants and keeps a shallow intrinsic base profile. SMI technology can therefore provide low parasitic resistances and is well-suited to an SiGe-base HBT. A 2-/spl mu/m-wide BPSG/SiO/sub 2/ refilled trench was introduced in order to reduce the substrate capacitance. The low dielectric constant of BPSG/SiO/sub 2/ and the wide trench are very effective in reducing the sidewall element of substrate capacitance. This technology makes it possible to obtain ultra-high-speed operation with a 9.3-ps-gate-delay emitter-coupled-logic (ECL) circuit.
The Role of Biodegradable Engineered Scaffold in Tissue Engineering (2011)

Tissue engineering is fundamentally described as the generation of three -dimensional (3D) artificial tissues. Its consequential task is to regenerate human tissue or to develop cell-based substitutes in order to restore, reconstruct or improve tissue functions Proper processing of biological and mechanical functionality is monumental for tissue engineered structures, the ones which are not mainly sufficient enough yet. Acquiring the solution for this problem demands intensive researches and studies in every aspects and steps of TE As a matter of fact, creating a functional tissue requires efficient growth of various types of cells on a 3D scaffolds and the bulk production of one cell seems not to be adequate The principal function of a scaffold is to direct cell behavior such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, maintenance of phenotype, and apoptosis by facilitating sensing and responding to the environment via cell-matrix and cell-cell communications Therefore, having such abilities provides scaffolds seeded with a special type of cell as an important part of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The scaffold design and fabrication are major areas of biomaterial research, since biomaterial scaffold can create substrate within which cells are instructed to form a tissue or an organ in a highly controlled way. In this chapter, it is tried to provide an inclusive survey of biopolymers to be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, fabrication methods and engineering challenges such as mass transfer and mechanical strength. In the proceeding, these factors are reviewed in vascular and nerve systems.
Real-time prognosis of ICU physiological data streams (2010)

This paper presents a system capable of predicting in real-time the evolution of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) physiological patient data streams. It leverages a state of the art stream computing platform to host analytics capable of making such prognosis in real time. The focus is on online algorithms that do not require a training phase. We use Fading-Memory Polynomial filters [8] on the frequency domain to predict windows of ICU data streams. We report on both the system and the performance of this approach when applied to traces of more than 1500 ICU patients obtained from the MIMIC-II database [1].
Theory of discrete and continuous Fourier analysis (1989)

Basic mathematical background integration theory distribution theory the Fourier series: the Fourier transform Fourier transform of a distribution the discrete Fourier transform sampling theory. Appendix: Fourier transfer FORTRAN subroutine.
Complete Sequence of Proviral DNA of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Strain L (2002)

Equine infectious anemia virus strain L (EIAV-L) is the parental virulent virus of equine infectious anemia donkey leukocyte attenuated vaccine (DLA EIAV ). In this study, peripheral blood leukocytes(PBL) were collected from a horse infected with EIAV-L. The PBL DNAs were extracted. The EIAV-L proviral DNA was amplified in four parts covering the entire proviral genomic sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each of the four parts was cloned into the plasmid pBluescript SK, and the recombinant plasmids were designated as p2.8, p2.4, p3.1, and p1.2 respectively. After identification with restriction digestion, the inserts within the four plasmids were sequenced. The complete nucleotide sequence of EIAV-L provirus was determined by analyzing each of the four parts and connecting them as a whole. The genome of EIAV-L is 8235 bp in length, and G + C content is 38%. The comparison analysis by the computer software DNASIS showed that the sequence of EIAV-L shares 98.4% and 96.9% identities with that of D-A EIAV and DLA EIAV respectively. The high homology between these strains showed that they were genetically related.The homology between EIAV-L and D-A EIAV is higher than that between EIAV-L and DLA EIAV, and this is consistent with the derivation progress of DLA EIAV. At both ends of EIAV-L provirus, there is an identical long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of 316bp in length. The LTR consists of U3, R, and U5 regions. The genome of EIAV-L provirus has three long open reading frames(ORF) corresponding to gag, pol and env genes respectively. The gag gene is 1200bp and located at position 613-1912nt. The pol gene is 3402bp and located at position 1708-5109nt. There is a termination codon within the env dividing it into two parts,env1 of 699bp (position 5305-6003nt)and env2 of 1827bp (position 6073-7899nt). The provirus has three additional small ORFs: S1, S2 and S3 with sizes of 153bp (position 5113-5265nt), 204bp (position 5279-5482nt) and 402bp ( position 7245-7646 nt) respectively.
SANet: Scene Agnostic Network for Camera Localization (2019)

This paper presents a scene agnostic neural architecture for camera localization, where model parameters and scenes are independent from each other.Despite recent advancement in learning based methods, most approaches require training for each scene one by one, not applicable for online applications such as SLAM and robotic navigation, where a model must be built on-the-fly.Our approach learns to build a hierarchical scene representation and predicts a dense scene coordinate map of a query RGB image on-the-fly given an arbitrary scene. The 6D camera pose of the query image can be estimated with the predicted scene coordinate map. Additionally, the dense prediction can be used for other online robotic and AR applications such as obstacle avoidance. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on both indoor and outdoor benchmarks, achieving state-of-the-art performance.
Up-regulating the Human Intestinal Microbiome Using Whole Plant Foods, Polyphenols, and/or Fiber (2012)

Whole plant foods, including fruit, vegetables, and whole grain cereals, protect against chronic human diseases such as heart disease and cancer, with fiber and polyphenols thought to contribute significantly. These bioactive food components interact with the gut microbiota, with gut bacteria modifying polyphenol bioavailability and activity, and with fiber, constituting the main energy source for colonic fermentation. This paper discusses the consequences of increasing the consumption of whole plant foods on the gut microbiota and subsequent implications for human health. In humans, whole grain cereals can modify fecal bacterial profiles, increasing relative numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Polyphenol-rich chocolate and certain fruits have also been shown to increase fecal bifidobacteria. The recent FLAVURS study provides novel information on the impact of high fruit and vegetable diets on the gut microbiota. Increasing whole plant food consumption appears to up-regulate beneficial commensal bacteria and may contribute toward the health effects of these foods.
Polyaniline coated poly(butyl methacrylate) core–shell particles: roll-to-roll printing of templated electrically conductive structures (2007)

Polyaniline coated poly(butyl methacrylate) core–shell particles were synthesized and formulated into electrically conductive colloidal inks appropriate for use in roll-to-roll printing. Since the first demonstration of an organic field-effect transistor, a specific interest in fabricating low-cost, large area organic electronics through the exploitation of conventional ink-jet, screen, or roll-to-roll printing technologies has developed. Using a commercial roll-to-roll printing press, interdigitated test figures were printed with the core–shell colloidal ink down to a line thickness of ca. 40 µm. The printed zones exhibited a conductivity of ca. 0.5 Ω−1 cm−1, though this conductivity could be modified by altering the composition of the ink to include more uncoated poly(butyl methacrylate) particles. Heating the printed zone above 35 °C allowed the core to flow, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of the printed zone.
Application of additional secondary factors to LORAN-C positions for hydrographic operations (1982)

Abstract : The application of LORAN-C in the hyperbolic mode as a positioning system for hydrographic surveys was investigated. Observed LORAN-C time differences from a field test conducted in Monterey Bay, California were compared to calculated time differences determined from geographic positions based on a microwave positioning system. Four methods were used to determine the calculated time differences. The first three methods were (1) applying only the seawater Secondary Factory, (2) computing the time difference based on a Semi-Empirical TD Grid, and (3)applying ASF Correctors from the DMAHTC LORAN-C correction Table. The final method applied multiple observed ASF Correctors at five minute latitude and longitude intervals. By applying multiple observed ASF Correctors, which was the most accurate method, a 38.3 meter 1 drms with a lane offset of 3 to 12 meters using the 9940 X-Y LORAN-C combination was obtained. Based upon the results presented, it may be possible to use LORAN-C for hydrographic surveys at scales of 1:80,000.
Free software helps map and display data (1991)

When creating camera‐ready figures, most scientists are familiar with the sequence of raw data → processing → final illustration and with the spending of large sums of money to finalize papers for submission to scientific journals, prepare proposals, and create overheads and slides for various presentations. This process can be tedious and is often done manually, since available commercial or in‐house software usually can do only part of the job. To expedite this process, we introduce the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which is a free, public domain software package that can be used to manipulate columns of tabular data, time series, and gridded data sets and to display these data in a variety of forms ranging from simple x‐y plots to maps and color, perspective, and shaded‐relief illustrations. GMT uses the PostScript page description language, which can create arbitrarily complex images in gray tones or 24‐bit true color by superimposing multiple plot files. Line drawings, bitmapped images, and text can be easily combined in one illustration. PostScript plot files are device‐independent, meaning the same file can be printed at 300 dots per inch (dpi) on an ordinary laserwriter or at 2470 dpi on a phototypesetter when ultimate quality is needed. GMT software is written as a set of UNIX tools and is totally self contained and fully documented. The system is offered free of charge to federal agencies and nonprofit educational organizations worldwide and is distributed over the computer network Internet.