gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serotonin 1A receptors in the living brain of Alzheimer's disease patients (2006)

4-[F-18]fluoro-N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-N-(2-pyridinyl)benzamide, a selective serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) molecular imaging probe, was used in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) for quantification of 5-HT(1A) receptor densities in the living brains of Alzheimer's disease patients (ADs) (n = 8), subjects with mild cognitive impairment (n = 6), and controls (n = 5). ADs had receptor densities significantly decreased in both hippocampi (binding potential: controls 1.62 +/- 0.07; ADs 1.18 +/- 0.26) and also in raphe nuclei (controls 0.63 +/- 0.09; ADs 0.37 +/- 0.20). When volume losses are included, 5-HT(1A) losses are even more severe (i.e., average mean decreases of 24% in mild cognitive impairment patients and 49% in ADs). A strong correlation of 5-HT(1A) receptor decreases in hippocampus with worsening of clinical symptoms (Mini Mental State Exam scores) was also found. Moreover, these decreases in 5-HT(1A) receptor measures correlate with decreased glucose utilization as measured with 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose PET in the brains of ADs (standardized uptake values; globally: controls 0.89 +/- 0.04, ADs 0.72 +/- 0.04; posterior cingulate gyrus: controls 1.05 +/- 0.09, ADs 0.79 +/- 0.11). They also inversely correlate with increased neuropathological loads measured with 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}ethylidene)malononitrile PET in several neocortical regions in the same subjects. The in vivo observations were confirmed independently by in vitro digital autoradiography with 4-[F-18]fluoro-N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-N-(2-pyridinyl)benzamide and 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}-ethylidene)malononitrile on brain tissue specimens from two ADs and three nondemented subjects.
Surface-electrode ion traps for scalable quantum computing (2011)

The major challenges in trapped-ion quantum computation are to scale up few-ion experiments to many qubits and to improve control techniques so that quantum logic gates can be carried out with higher fidelities. This thesis reports experimental progress in both of these areas. In the early part of the thesis we describe the fabrication of a surface-electrode ion trap, the development of the apparatus and techniques required to operate it and the successful trapping of <sup>40</sup>Ca<sup>+</sup> ions. Notably we developed methods to control the orientation of the principal axes and to minimise ion micromotion. We propose a repumping scheme that simplifies heating rate measurements for ions with low-lying D levels, and use it to characterise the electric field noise in the trap. Surface-electrode traps are important because they offer a route to dense integration of electronic and optical control elements using existing microfabrication technology. We explore this scaling route by testing a series of three traps that were microfabricated at Sandia National Laboratories. Investigations of micromotion and charging of the surface by laser beams were carried out and improvements to future traps are suggested. Using one of these traps we also investigated anomalous electrical noise from the electrode surfaces and discovered that it can be reduced by cleaning with a pulsed laser. A factor of two decrease was observed; this represents the first <em>in situ</em> removal of this noise source, an important step towards higher gate fidelities. In the second half of the thesis we describe the design and construction of an experiment for the purpose of replacing laser-driven multi-qubit quantum logic gates with microwave-driven ones. We investigate magnetic-field-independent hyperfine qubits in <sup>40</sup>Ca<sup>+</sup> as suitable qubits for this scheme. We make a design study of how best to integrate an ion trap with the microwave conductors required to implement the gate and propose a novel integrated resonant structure. The trap was fabricated and ions were successfully loaded. Single-qubit experiments show that the microwave fields above the trap are in excellent agreement with software simulations. There are good prospects for demonstrating a multi-qubit gate in the near future. We conclude by discussing the possibilities for larger-scale quantum computation by combining microfabricated traps and microwave control.
Pulsatile Atheroprone Shear Stress Affects the Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Human Endothelial Cells (2012)

The goal of the study was to assess whether pulsatile atheroprone shear stress modulates the expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPM7, and TRPV1 mRNA, in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Exposure of cultured vascular endothelial cells to defined shear stress, producing a constant laminar flow (generating a shear stress of 6 dyne/cm(2)), laminar pulsatile atheroprotective flow (with a mean shear stress of 20 dyne/cm(2)), or laminar atheroprone bidirectional flow (with a mean shear stress of 0 dyne/cm(2)) differentially induced TRPC6 and TRPV1 mRNA as measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Thereby, TRPC6 and TRPV1 mRNA expressions were significantly increased after 24 hours of exposure to an atheroprone flow profile compared with an atheroprotective flow profile. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factors GATA1 and GATA4 was significantly correlated with the expression of TRPC6 mRNA. In contrast, after 24 hours of constant laminar flow, the expression of TRPC6 and TRPV1 mRNA was unchanged, whereas the expression of TRPC3 and TRPM7 was significantly higher in endothelial cells exposed to shear stress in comparison with endothelial cells grown under static conditions. There was a significant association between the expression of TRPC6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in human vascular tissue. No-flow and atheroprone flow conditions are equally characterized by an increase in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α; however, inflammation-associated endothelial cell reactions may be further aggravated at atheroprone flow conditions by the increase of TRPV1 and TRPC6, as observed in our study.
[Application of patient-reported outcomes in clinical research on therapeutic efficacy]. (2009)

Along with the transition of the socio-bio-psycho-medical mode, important change emerges in the program and criterion of clinical assessment, and the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has been stressed increasingly. The concept of PROs and its current state of research are introduced in this paper. The authors considered that the PROs researching mode, which takes the symptomatic effect evaluation as the main criterion, could be used as reference for the clinical efficacy assessment of Chinese medicine to create a scale evaluating system with Chinese medicine characteristics, for making its more objective and quantitative. It should contribute to the modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicine extensively.
Computation of low-weight parity-check polynomials (1996)

It is shown that a method for computing low-weight polynomial multiples based on the birthday paradox cannot work as originally suggested. A probabilistic model is introduced and a modified method is proposed and analysed. The results are important for fast correlation attacks on stream ciphers based on linear feedback shift registers.
A Probabilistic Parser and Its Application (1992)

We describe a general approach to the probabilistic parsing of context-free grammars. The method integrates context-sensitive statistical knowledge of various types (e.g., syntactic and semantic) and can be trained incrementally from a bracketed corpus. We introduce a variant of the GHR contextfree recognition algorithm, and explain how to adapt it for efficient probabilistic parsing. On a real-world corpus of sentences from software testing documents, with 23 possible parses for a sentence of average length, the system accurately finds the correct parse in 99% of cases, while producing only 1.02 parses per sentence. Significantly, the success rate would be only 66% without the semantic statistics. Introduction In constrained domains, natural language processing can often provide leverage. At AT&amp;T, for instance, NL technology can potentially help automate many aspects of software development. A typical example occurs in the software testing area. Here 250,000 English sentences specif...
Synergism and mechanism of subinhibitory concentration of streptomycin on <i>Streptococcus faecalis</i> (1989)

The influence of various incubation conditions on synergism with cell wall-active agents combined with streptomycin was studied in a Streptococcus faecalis strain. It could be shown that both a synergistic increased killing effect and a synergistic prolongation of post-antibiotic effect (PAE) were not dependent on an active process, as they occurred both in an anaerobic atmosphere and when an electron transport inhibitor (sodium azide) was added to the media. Moreover, it was demonstrated that if a drug, alone or in combination with streptomycin, had a PAE, there was an increased susceptibility to a subinhibitory concentration of streptomycin (1/4xMIC) when added to a culture recovering from its PAE. These findings confirm the commonly held belief in a mechanistic mechanism of synergism: That cell wall-active agents modify in some way the cell-envelope, thereby enhancing aminoglycoside uptake and killing in Streptococcus faecalis.
Pleiotrophin is highly expressed by myeloma cells and promotes myeloma tumor growth (2007)

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is an important developmental cytokine that is highly expressed during embryogenesis but shows very limited expression in adult tissues, where it is largely restricted to the brain. High PTN serum levels are associated with a variety of solid tumors. We recently showed that patients with multiple myeloma (MM) also have elevated serum levels of this protein and the amount of PTN correlated with the patients' disease status and response to treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that MM cell lines and the malignant cells from MM patients' bone marrow produced PTN and secreted PTN protein into the supernatants during short-term culture. Moreover, Ptn gene expression correlated with the patients' disease status. Inhibition of PTN with a polyclonal anti-PTN antibody reduced growth and enhanced apoptosis of MM cell lines and freshly isolated bone marrow tumor cells from MM patients in vitro. Importantly, this antibody also markedly suppressed the growth of MM in vivo using a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-hu murine model. This represents the first study showing the importance of PTN in the growth of any hematological disorder. Because the expression of this protein is very limited in normal adult tissues, PTN may represent a new target for the treatment of MM.
Handoff Schemes Overview and Guidelines for Handoff Procedures in 802.16 (2002)

This document give an overview of handoff schemes Purpose Background and discussion Notice This document has been prepared to assist 802.16. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the to incorporate text contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by 802.16. Patent Policy and Procedures The contributor is familiar with the 802.16 Patent Policy and Procedures , including the statement IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard. Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the 802.16 Working Group. The Chair will disclose this notification via the 802.16 web site . 2002-09-21 C802.16sgm-02/24 Handoff Schemes Overview and Guidelines for Handoff Procedures in 802.16
Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis - I. Phase velocity maps (2006)

Empirical Green's functions (EGFs) between pairs of seismographs can be estimated from the time derivative of the long-time cross-correlation of ambient seismic noise. These EGFs reveal velocity dispersion at relatively short periods, which can be used to resolve structures in the crust and uppermost mantle better than with traditional surface-wave tomography. We combine Rayleigh-wave dispersion estimates from EGFs and from traditional two-station (TS) analysis into a new approach to surface-wave array tomography with data from dense receiver arrays. We illustrate the methodology with continuous broad-band recordings from a temporary seismographic network on the southeastern part of the Tibetan plateau, in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, SW China. The EGFs are robust under temporal changes in regional seismicity and the use of either ambient noise (approximated by records without signal from events with magnitude mb≥ 5 or 4) or surface wave coda produces similar results. The EGFs do not strongly depend on the presence of large earthquakes, but they are not reciprocal for stations aligned in the N–S direction. This directionality reflects the paucity of seismicity to the north of the array. Using a far-field representation of the surface-wave Green's function and an image transformation technique, we infer from the EGFs the Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion in the period band from 10–30 s. A classical TS approach is used to determine Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion between 20–120 s. Together, they constrain phase velocity variations for T= 10–120 s, which can be used to study the structure from the crust to the upper mantle. Beneath SE Tibet, short and intermediate period (10–80 s) phase velocities are prominently low, suggesting that the crust and upper mantle beneath SE Tibet is characterized by slow shear wave propagation.
High metabolic tumor volume is associated with decreased efficacy of axicabtagene ciloleucel in large B-cell lymphoma (2020)

High metabolic tumor volume (MTV) predicts worse outcomes in lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. However, it is unknown if this holds for patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), an anti-CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between MTV and survival (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) treated with axi-cel. Secondary objectives included finding the association of MTV with response rates and toxicity. The MTV values on baseline positron emission tomography of 96 patients were calculated via manual methodology using commercial software. Based on a median MTV cutoff value of 147.5 mL in the first cohort (n = 48), patients were divided into high and low MTV groups. Median follow-up for survivors was 24.98 months (range, 10.59-51.02 months). Patients with low MTV had significantly superior OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.66) and PFS (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.89). Results were successfully validated in a second cohort of 48 patients with a median follow-up for survivors of 12.03 months (range, 0.89-25.74 months). Patients with low MTV were found to have superior OS (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05-0.42) and PFS (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.69). In conclusion, baseline MTV is associated with OS and PFS in axi-cel recipients with LBCL.
Response timing generation and response type selection for a spontaneous spoken dialog system (2009)

If a dialog system can respond to a user as naturally as a human, the interaction will appear smoother. In this research, we aim to develop a dialog system that emulates human behavior in a chat-like dialog. The proposed system makes use of a decision tree to generate chat-like responses at the appropriate times. These responses include ¿aizuchi¿ (back-channel), ¿repetition¿, ¿collaborative completion¿, etc. The system also reacts robustly to the user's overlapping utterances (barge-in) and disfluencies. The subjective evaluation shows that there is a high degree of naturalness in the timing of ordinary responses, overlap, and aizuchi, and that the dialog system exhibits user-friendly behavior. The recorded voices system was preferred, and almost all subjects felt familiarity with aizuchi, and the barge-in was also useful.
Identical Amino Acid Substitutions in the Repression Domain of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid Proteins Have Contrasting Effects on Auxin Signaling   (2011)

Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins function as repressors of auxin response gene expression when auxin concentrations in a cell are low. At elevated auxin concentrations, these repressors are destroyed via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in derepression/activation of auxin response genes. Most Aux/IAA repressors contain four conserved domains, with one of these being an active, portable repression domain (domain I) and a second being an auxin-dependent instability domain (domain II). Here, we have analyzed the effects of amino acid substitutions in the repression domain of selected Aux/IAA proteins. We show that stabilized versions of Aux/IAA proteins with amino acid substitutions in domain I display contrasting phenotypes when expressed in transformed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants. In marked contrast, a single alanine-for-leucine substitution in domain I of IAA12 or IAA17 confers repression of auxin response genes and "low-auxin" phenotypes. These results point to intrinsic differences in the repression domain(s) of IAA proteins and suggest that some IAA proteins have stronger or more complex repression domains than others.
Techniques and applications of emotion recognition in speech (2016)

Affective computing opens a new area of research in computer science with the aim to improve the way how humans and machines interact. Recognition of human emotions by machines is becoming a significant focus in recent research in different disciplines related to information sciences and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). In particular, emotion recognition in human speech is important, as it is the primary communication tool of humans. This paper gives a brief overview of the current state of the research in this area with the aim to underline different techniques that are being used for detecting emotional states in vocal expressions. Furthermore, approaches for extracting speech features from speech datasets and machine learning methods with special emphasis on classifiers are analysed. In addition to the mentioned techniques, this paper also gives an outline of the areas where emotion recognition could be utilised such as healthcare, psychology, cognitive sciences and marketing.
The colorless flavonoids of <i>Arabidopsis Thaliana</i> (Brassicaceae). I. A model system to study the orthodihydroxy structure (1998)

The orthodihydroxy structure may mediate flavonoid coloration or antioxidant activity, making it of interest to floral or health food industries, respectively. In the first of two companion papers, the authors demonstrate a model system to study the orthodihydroxy structure in colorless flavonoids of Arabidopsis, with tools similar to those used upon the colored flavonoids. The system includes a fluorescent staining procedure to visualize colorless orthodihydroxy flavonoids at a subcellular level and to screen seedlings for rare genetic recombinants. The system also includes mutant lines to study the synthesis of colorless orthodihydroxy flavonoids, their potential role as antioxidants, and their potential risk as oxidative mutagens.
Rim loaded reflector antennas (1980)

A general theory of reflector antennas loaded by surface impedances is presented. Spatial variation of primary illumination is taken into account using a generalized slope diffraction coefficient. The theory is experimentally checked on surface loaded square plate scatterers and then used for computing the radiation diagram of parabolic and hyperbolic dishes. Computer programs and computed diagrams refer to the case of focal illumination and negligible tapering of primary illumination.
A small-molecule approach to studying invasive mechanisms of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2004)

Toxoplasma gondii is the most common protozoan parasite of humans. Infection with T. gondii can lead to life-threatening disease as a result of repeated cycles of host cell invasion, parasite replication, and host cell lysis. Relatively little is known about the invasive mechanisms of T. gondii and related parasites within the Phylum Apicomplexa (including Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria), due to difficulties associated with studying genes essential to invasion in haploid obligate intracellular organisms. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a high-throughput microscope-based assay, which we have used to screen a collection of 12,160 structurally diverse small molecules for inhibitors of T. gondii invasion. A total of 24 noncytotoxic invasion inhibitors were identified. Secondary assays demonstrated that different inhibitors perturb different aspects of invasion, including gliding motility, secretion of host cell adhesins from apical organelles (the micronemes), and extension of a unique tubulin-based structure at the anterior of the parasite (the conoid). Unexpectedly, the screen also identified six small molecules that dramatically enhance invasion, gliding motility, and microneme secretion. The small molecules identified here reveal a previously unrecognized complexity in the control of parasite motility and microneme secretion, and they constitute a set of useful probes for dissecting the invasive mechanisms of T. gondii and related parasites. Small-molecule-based approaches provide a powerful means to address experimentally challenging problems in host-pathogen interaction, while simultaneously identifying new potential targets for drug development.
cw Raman fiber amplifier (1975)

cw Raman amplification has been observed in a hollow fused silica fiber, inside diameter 5 μm, 5 m long, filled with benzene. Using a krypton laser pump, amplification of the 992−cm−1 Stokes Raman line has been obtained at pump wavelengths 5682, 6471, and 7525 Å. The pump powers determined by measuring the slightly attenuated output from the fiber were 17, 25, and 17 mW, respectively. The corresponding amounts of power in the input laser pump before the launching optics were 70, 85, and 75 mW.