gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-definition television update (1988)

Developments in high-definition television (HDTV) in the US, Europe, and Japan are reviewed. The Japanese direct-broadcast-satellite HDTV system is described, and its advantages and drawbacks are examined. European activity is briefly described. The FCC enquiry into HDTV in the US is discussed. The focus is on the issues of standards and compatibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Verifying human users in speech-based interactions (2011)

Verifying that a live human is interacting with an automated speech based system is needed in some applications such as biometric authentication. In this paper, we present a method to verify that the user is human. Simply stated, our method asks the user to repeat a sentence. The reply is analyzed to verify that it is the requested sentence and said by a human, not a speech synthesis system. Our method is taking advantage of both speech synthesizer and speech recognizer limitations to detect computer programs, which is new, and potentially more accessible, way to develop CAPTCHA systems. Using an acoustic model trained on voices of over 1000 users, our system can verify the user’s answer with 98% accuracy and with 80% success in distinguishing humans from computers. Index Terms: Accessibility, CAPTCHA, Speech Recognition, Speech Synthesis
System approach to robust acoustic echo cancellation through semi-blind source separation based on independent component analysis (2012)

We live in a dynamic world full of noises and interferences. The conventional acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) framework based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm by itself lacks the ability to handle many secondary signals that interfere with the adaptive filtering process, e.g., local speech and background noise. In this dissertation, we build a foundation for what we refer to as the system approach to signal enhancement as we focus on the AEC problem.\n\n\tWe first propose the residual echo enhancement (REE) technique that utilizes the error recovery nonlinearity (ERN) to "enhances" the filter estimation error prior to the filter adaptation. The single-channel AEC problem can be viewed as a special case of semi-blind source separation (SBSS) where one of the source signals is partially known, i.e., the far-end microphone signal that generates the near-end acoustic echo. SBSS optimized via independent component analysis (ICA) leads to the system combination of the LMS algorithm with the ERN that allows for continuous and stable adaptation even during double talk. Second, we extend the system perspective to the decorrelation problem for AEC, where we show that the REE procedure can be applied effectively in a multi-channel AEC (MCAEC) setting to indirectly assist the recovery of lost AEC performance due to inter-channel correlation, known generally as the "non-uniqueness" problem. We develop a novel, computationally efficient technique of frequency-domain resampling (FDR) that effectively alleviates the non-uniqueness problem directly while introducing minimal distortion to signal quality and statistics. We also apply the system approach to the multi-delay filter (MDF) that suffers from the inter-block correlation problem. Finally, we generalize the MCAEC problem in the SBSS framework and discuss many issues related to the implementation of an SBSS system. We propose a constrained batch-online implementation of SBSS that stabilizes the convergence behavior even in the worst case scenario of a single far-end talker along with the non-uniqueness condition on the far-end mixing system.\n\n\tThe proposed techniques are developed from a pragmatic standpoint, motivated by real-world problems in acoustic and audio signal processing. Generalization of the orthogonality principle to the system level of an AEC problem allows us to relate AEC to source separation that seeks to maximize the independence, hence implicitly the orthogonality, not only between the error signal and the far-end signal, but rather, among all signals involved. The system approach, for which the REE paradigm is just one realization, enables the encompassing of many traditional signal enhancement techniques in analytically consistent yet practically effective manner for solving the enhancement problem in a very noisy and disruptive acoustic mixing environment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Solvothermal Processed Calcium Tungstate Nanomaterials from Alkoxide Precursors (2013)

An evaluation of calcium tungsten oxide (CaWO4) nanoparticles’ properties was conducted using the powders generated from an all-alkoxide solvothermal (SOLVO) route. The reaction involved a toluene/pyridine mixture of tungsten(V) ethoxide ([W(OEt)5]) with calcium bis(trimethyl silyl) amide ([Ca(N(Si(CH3)3)2]) modified in situ by a series of alcohols (H-OR) including neo-pentanol (H-OCH2C(CH3)3 or H-ONep) or sterically varied aryl alcohols (H-OC6H3R2-2,6 where R = CH3 (H-DMP), CH(CH3)2 (H-DIP), C(CH3)3 (DBP))]. Attempts to identify the intermediates generated from this series of reactions led to the crystallographic identification of [(OEt)4W(μ-OEt)2Ca(DBP)2] (1). Each different SOLVO generated “initial” powder was found by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to be nanomaterials roughly assigned as the scheelite phase (PDF 00-041-1431); however, these initial powders displayed no luminescent behavior as determined by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Thermal processing of these powders at 450, 650, and 750 °C yielded progressively larger and more crystalline scheelite nanoparticles. Both PL and cathodoluminescent (CL) emission (422–425 and 429 nm, respectively) were observed for the nanomaterials processed at 750 °C. Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL, 478 nm) appeared to be in agreement with these PL and CL measurements. Further processing of the materials at 1000 °C, led to a coalescence of the particles and significant improvement in the observed PL (445 nm) and CL measurements; however, the IBIL spectrum of this material was significantly altered upon exposure. These data suggest that the smaller nanoparticles were more stable to radiation effects possibly due to the lack of energy deposits based on the short track length; whereas the larger particles appear to suffer from radiation induced structural defects.
Automatic Vapor Sampling for Gas-Chromatographic Analysis. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Vapor Sampling for Gas-Chromatographic Analysis.G. Szekely, G. Racz, and G. TraplyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 8, 1097–1098Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60240a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60240a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Time of Day on the Foraging Behavior of the Honeybee, Apis mellifera (1989)

The honeybee time sense, or Zeitgedächtnis, is highly adaptive, allowing bees to synchronize their foraging behavior with the peak time of daily floral nectar rhythms. Each foraging group within the honeybee colony shows a high degree of fidelity to one species of flower. Across the day, the temporal accuracy of foraging visits to experimental feeding times varies considerably, being nearly exact for morning-trained foraging groups but becoming less so for foraging groups trained later in the day. The evidence gained in this study suggests that the diel change in accuracy exhibited by foraging groups, which persists after the removal of many potential environmental time cues, is an endogenously driven behavior pattern. Furthermore, it appears that individual bees are continuously and accurately aware of the time of day, but are programmed to forage with greater anticipation to late-day food sources. Therefore, two separate processes contributing to the honeybee time sense are implicated. The first varies with time of day and determines the amount of anticipatory activity directed toward the food source. The second process is invariant across the day and is involved with the individual forager's continuous, accurate awareness of time.
Differential effects of different forms of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate particulates on human monocyte/macrophages in vitro (1996)

A possible complication associated with the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) or HA/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) coating on the surfaces of prosthetic devices used for dental and orthopedic implants is their potential to fragment and thus exist as wear debris. In contrast to the so-called osteoconductive properties of HA or HA/TCP coatings, in particulate form these materials may lead to an adverse pattern of cellular and tissue responses at the bone-implant interface. We have established an in vitro cell culture system to characterize the biologic and biochemical effects of various particulate materials. The present study demonstrates that the HA/TCP particles derived from different sintering temperatures exhibit differential effects on cultured human monocyte/macrophages (M/M). The HA/TCP particles dried at 110°C were the most biologically active, stimulating significant release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), products implicated as important mediators of inflammation in diverse pathologic conditions. Other particles, sintered at either 900 or 1200°C, did not stimulate production of cytokines or PGE2. HA/TCP particles from plasma-spray coatings also failed to release proinflammatory products. These results suggest that the biochemical and crystalline structural properties of particles markedly affects their capacity to modulate M/M function. This in vitro culture system should be useful in characterizing the specific physical and chemical properties of HA or HA/TCP particulates that are responsible for stimulating proinflammatory cell responses. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High-power IR lasers operating on Xe I transitions (1993)

The lasing characteristics and population-inversion mechanisms in a laser operating on atomic transitions of xenon are analyzed for the most promising operating regimes and pumping methods. The experimental results are analyzed on the basis of a kinetic model. Theoretical predictions are generated from this model for the most interesting cases.
An object oriented intelligent tourist advisor system (2002)

The paper describes the design and development of an expert system for a tourist information center. The expert system was built to recommend a suitable travel schedule that satisfies user input constraints such as time period, budget and preferences. Tourist center officers need to answer similar queries in their day-to-day work and could be replaced by an intelligent tourist advisor system. There is a lot of tourist information, such as activities and places, which can be stored as similar data structures and can be modeled into an object-oriented knowledge-based system. A highly generic knowledge structure is proposed to generalize the common features and eliminate duplication. The proposed knowledge structure would be flexible enough to cope with high volatility in tourist information such as transportation routes. Object-oriented modeling has been used for the entire development of the proposed intelligent expert system. A case study is presented to demonstrate the benefits of such an approach for an expert system with a repetitive and volatile problem domain. The system was developed using an expert system development environment-Kappa-PC and was migrated to Power Builder. Such migration of the expert system demonstrates how a conventional business decision support system can be integrated with the expert system approach without using an expert system shell. The proposed framework should be applicable to any popular event-driven development environments.
Antiulcer Activity of the Root Bark of<i>Oroxylum indicum</i>. Against Experimental Gastric Ulcers (2006)

The current study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the root bark of Oroxylum indicum. Vent. (Bignoniaceae) against experimental gastric ulcers. The 50% alcohol extract of root bark of Oroxylum indicum. and its different fractions, viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n.-butanol, were studied (p.o.) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The alcohol extract (300 mg/kg) and its different fractions (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in gastric ulceration. Out of all these fractions, the petroleum ether (96%) and n.-butanol (99%) fractions showed maximum inhibition of gastric lesions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The results were comparable with omeprazole (reference standard). In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, treatment with both the active fractions and omeprazole showed significant antioxidant activity as evident from the reduction in the extent of lipid peroxidation that was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), along with significant rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione levels (GSH), when compared with the control group. In 6-h pylorus-ligated animals, active fractions of drug at 100 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the ulcer index. Furthermore, in the pylorus-ligation model, significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in total acidity, total acid output, pepsin activity, and pepsin output, along with a significant rise in the total carbohydrate to protein ratio (reflecting mucin activity) when compared with the control group. TLC studies revealed the presence of baicalein in the petroleum ether and hydrosylate in n.-butanol fraction. Fingerprinting of both the active fractions was developed by performing HPLC analysis. Baicalein was found to be a major flavonoid present both in petroleum ether and n.-butanol hydrosylate. The mechanism of its antiulcer activity could be attributed to a decrease in gastric acid secretory and antioxidant activities leading to gastric cytoprotection. This activity could be linked to the presence of baicalein in the root bark of the plant.
Identification of cytidine deaminase as inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony formation. (1994)

Mature human blood granulocytes produce regulatory factors that inhibit colony formation by human and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC). The inhibition of GM-CFC by granulocyte extract (GRE) was strongly enhanced by the addition of thymidine (3 to 6 x 10(-5) M for human cells) and by the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) in the growth medium. Deoxycytidine and deoxyuridine produced effects similar to those of thymidine, but at higher concentrations (2 to 4 x 10(-4) M). It was further observed that GRE prevented the antiproliferative effects of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and azadeoxycytidine, suggesting that GRE contained cytidine deaminase (CDD) activity, since CDD is known to abolish the effects of these nucleoside analogs. Accordingly, the GRE was tested for and shown to contain an enzymatic activity that converted deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine, confirming the presence of CDD activity in GRE. The GM-CFC inhibition factor was found to copurify with CDD activity during three succeeding chromatographic separations, indicating that CDD was indeed the inhibiting factor itself. This conclusion was further substantiated by gel filtration experiments demonstrating a molecular weight (MW) of approximately 50 kd, which corresponds to the MW previously published for CDD activity. Furthermore, addition of tetrahydrouridine (THU), a known specific inhibitor of CDD, abolished the suppressive effect of GRE on GM-CFC, which independently confirmed the identification of CDD as an inhibitor of GM-CFC. The growth-regulating property of CDD could be explained by depletion of deoxycytidine nucleotides necessary for DNA synthesis or by a direct effect of CDD binding to specific receptors on progenitor cells.
The Human β-Defensins (-1, -2, -3, -4) and Cathelicidin LL-37 Induce IL-18 Secretion through p38 and ERK MAPK Activation in Primary Human Keratinocytes (2005)

In addition to its physical barrier against invading microorganisms, the skin produces antimicrobial peptides, human beta-defensins (hBDs) and cathelicidin LL-37, that participate in the innate host defense. Because IL-18 is produced by keratinocytes and involved in skin diseases in which hBDs and LL-37 are highly expressed, we hypothesized that these peptides would activate keratinocytes to secrete IL-18. We found that hBD-2, -3, and -4 and LL-37, but not hBD-1, activated normal human keratinocytes to secrete IL-18; this secretion reached peak strength at 3 h. In addition, the combination of peptides resulted in a synergistic effect on IL-18 secretion. We also revealed that hBD-2, -3, and -4 and LL-37 increased IL-18 mRNA expression, and that IL-18 secretion was more enhanced in keratinocytes differentiated in vitro with high Ca2+-containing medium. Furthermore, because IL-18 secretion induced by hBDs and LL-37 could not be suppressed by caspase-1 or caspase family inhibitors, and because these peptides failed to increase caspase-1 activity, we suggest that hBD- and LL-37-induced IL-18 secretion is probably via a caspase-1-independent pathway. To determine the molecular mechanism involved, we demonstrated that IL-18 secretion was through p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways, because the inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2, but not JNK, almost completely nullified IL-18 secretion. Moreover, hBD-2, -3, and -4 and LL-37 could induce the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, but not JNK. Thus, the ability of hBDs and LL-37 to induce IL-18 secretion by keratinocytes provides a new mechanism for these peptides in innate immunity and an understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
Automotive Silicon Sensor Integration (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Silicon by virtue of its electrical and mechanical properties is eminently suited for use in mechanical and other types of sensors. The integration of these sensors with signal conditioning circuits is being used to develop a wide variety of cost effective devices for use in automotive applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A number of micromachining techniques and methods of converting mechanical force to electrical signals are available. Each of these must be evaluated for ease of integration with respect to the types of signal conditioning that are required to obtain the most cost effective system solution. Additional factors that have to be considered are analog versus digital outputs, temperature operating range, linearity, self test features, reliability, packaging, testing and assembly problems. This paper will explore and evaluate these features for silicon pressure, position and acceleration (crash) sensors developed for automotive applications.</div>
Systemic lupus erythematosus: the great masquerader. (1984)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic systemic autoimmune collagen vascular disease that can present itself in many forms throughout any system in the body. Classification, etiology, diagnosis, course of the illness with flares and remission, prognosis, treatment and emotional coping are covered. Five tables outline lab tests, classification of symptoms by tissues primarily affected, drugs used, dietary suggestions and symptoms which need the attention of a health care provider.
Treating Rett syndrome: from mouse models to human therapies (2019)

Rare diseases are very difficult to study mechanistically and to develop therapies for because of the scarcity of patients. Here, the rare neuro-metabolic disorder Rett syndrome (RTT) is discussed as a prototype for precision medicine, demonstrating how mouse models have led to an understanding of the development of symptoms. RTT is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Mecp2-mutant mice are being used in preclinical studies that target the MECP2 gene directly, or its downstream pathways. Importantly, this work may improve the health of RTT patients. Clinical presentation may vary widely among individuals based on their mutation, but also because of the degree of X chromosome inactivation and the presence of modifier genes. Because it is a complex disorder involving many organ systems, it is likely that recovery of RTT patients will involve a combination of treatments. Precision medicine is warranted to provide the best efficacy to individually treat RTT patients.
Changes of the tocopherol and fatty acid contents in rapeseed oil during refining (2000)

Among the most important metabolic compounds there are some which are not synthesized by human and animal organisms and have to be supplied in appropriate quantities in due time. Vitamin E and the essential unsaturated fatty acids have crucial physiological significance, and their greatest quantities occur in plant oils. During refining, apart from unnecessary substances, nutritionally advantageous compounds are also being eliminated. In the present paper changes of tocochromanols taking place during refining of rapeseed oil obtained from seeds of two subsequent crops were investigated. It was observed that losses of tocopherols exceeded 30%, two thirds of which resulted from distilling off during deodorization. The ratio of vitamin E to essential unsaturated fatty acids expressed as the Harris coefficient decreased in the refined oil obtained from seeds of two subsequent crops by about 28%.
Automated 2-D Scanning Setup on Spinstand for Evaluation of Ultra-High-Density Recording Data (2009)

In this paper, we present an automated technique of extracting the two-dimensional (2-D) readback waveforms from the spinstand for evaluation of the written data. Our setup is tested with commercial media mounted on a Guzik spinstand. The raw readback data are acquired, averaged, and aligned to obtain an image of the 2-D readback. The 2-D readback waveform captured from the setup has application in servo pattern performance analysis as well as channel data analysis and detection. As compared to magnetic force microscopy, this is a nondestructive method, larger area signals can be acquired more quickly, and, conveniently, a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. In addition, the developed setup will facilitate studies of the new 2-D magnetic recording scheme towards 10 Tbit/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .