gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the Major Secreted Yops of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> O:8 to Pathogenicity in the Mouse Infection Model (2004)

ABSTRACT Pathogenic yersiniae ( Yersinia pestis , Y. pseudotuberculosis , and Y. enterocolitica ) harbor a 70-kb virulence plasmid (pYV) that encodes a type III secretion system and a set of at least six effector proteins (YopH, YopO, YopP, YopE, YopM, and YopT) that are injected into the host cell cytoplasm. Yops ( Yersinia outer proteins) disturb the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages, and downregulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which makes it possible for yersiniae to multiply extracellularly in lymphoid tissue. Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 belongs to the highly mouse-pathogenic group of yersiniae in contrast to Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9. However, there has been no systematic study of the contribution of Yops to the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica O:8 in mice. We generated a set of yop gene deletion mutants of Y. enterocolitica O:8 by using the novel Red cloning procedure. We subsequently analyzed the contribution of yopH , -O , -P , -E , -M , -T , and - Q deletions to pathogenicity after oral and intravenous infection of mice. Here we showed for the first time that a Δ yopT deletion mutant colonizes mouse tissues to a greater extent than the parental strain. The Δ yopO , Δ yopP , and Δ yopE mutants were only slightly attenuated after oral infection since they were still able to colonize the spleen and liver and cause systemic infection. The Δ yopO mutant was lethal for mice, whereas ΔyopP and Δ yopE mutants were successfully eliminated from the spleen and liver 2 weeks after infection. In contrast the Δ yopH , Δ yopM , and Δ yopQ mutants were highly attenuated and not able to colonize the spleen and liver on any of the days tested. The Δ yopH , Δ yopO , Δ yopP , Δ yopE , Δ yopM , and Δ yopQ mutants had only modest defects in the colonization of the small intestine and Peyer's patches. The Δ yopE mutant was eliminated from the small intestine 3 weeks after infection, whereas the Δ yopH , ΔyopP , ΔyopM , and ΔyopQ mutants continued to colonize the small intestine at this time.
Intersymbol interference reduction for differential MSK by nonredundant error correction (1990)

A theoretical analysis and experimental results for differential detection of minimum-shift keying (MSK) with nonredundant error correction are described. The proposed demodulator utilizes the output detected from the difference in phase over two or three time slot intervals along with the conventional detector output. A single error can be corrected by using two differential detectors, and a single and a double error can be corrected by using three detectors. It is shown that the error rate performance is improved, especially in the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI), without the addition to the transmitted data of redundant bits. Simulation and experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis, which shows that the degradation of differential detection relative to coherent detection is reduced from 2.2 dB without error correction to 1.2 dB with single error correction and to 0.7 dB with double error correction. The method can be applied effectively to mobile communications over a fading channel or to time-division multiple-access (TDMA) communications using burst mode transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human monocyte CD163 expression inversely correlates with soluble CD163 plasma levels (2004)

The inverse relation between monocyte surface CD163 expression and sCD163 levels in human blood suggests that plasma sCD163 is derived from circulating monocytes, in addition to an unknown component from tissue macrophages. The lack of correlation with the absolute monocyte number suggests that such a balance is driven by the functional state of monocytes, rather than simply by numerical changes in circulating cells. We propose that further clinical evaluations of CD163 as a diagnostic parameter should include simultaneous measurements of soluble and cell-bound forms of this antigen.
Stable Sequential Identification of Continuous Nonlinear Dynamical Systems by Growing RBF Networks (1994)

This paper presents a sequential identification scheme for continuous nonlinear dynamical systems using neural networks. The nonlinearities of the dynamical systems are assumed to be known. The identification model is a Gaussian radial basis function neural network that grows gradually to span the appropriate state-space and of sufficient complexity to provide an approximation to the dynamical system. The sequential identification algorithm for continuous dynamical nonlinear systems is developed in the continuous-time framework instead of discrete-time. The approach, different from the conventional methods of optimizing a cost function, attempts to ensure stability of the overall system while the neural network learns the system dynamics. The stability and convergence of the overall identification scheme is guaranteed by a parameter adjustment laws developed using the Lyapunov synthesis approach. To ensure the modelling error can be reduced arbitrarily, a one-to-one mapping is proposed so that the states and inputs of the system are transferred into compact sets. The operation of the sequential identification scheme is illustrated using simulated experimental results.
Immunocytochemistry on acid hydrolases in preputial gland cells (1980)

Present knowledge of the in situ localization
of acid hydrolases is mainly based
on enzyme-cytochemical observations on
acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase.
In rat preputial gland cells, 	
β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were demon-
strated this way in secretory granule-like
lysosomes. we have applied immunocytochemistry, which in principle allows the detection of proteins at intracellular
sites where they are not (yet) enzymatically
active.
Design and analysis of thermal management for high-power-density converters in sealed enclosures (2002)

The size of external AC/DC adapters and battery chargers used in today's portable electronic equipment, such as notebook computers and portable printers, continues to decrease, while their rated output power slowly but steadily increases. As a result of the increased power density of the state-of-the-art adapter/chargers, the thermal management of the generated heat has become one the of most challenging design tasks. In fact, to optimize thermal performance, improve product reliability and shorten design time, sophisticated thermal modeling is becoming an integral part of the design cycle. This paper discusses thermal-design considerations for high-power-density converters in sealed enclosures using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation approach. The thermal-design optimization guidelines obtained by simulations were verified on an experimental, high-power-density, 36 W, offline AC/DC notebook adapter.
Clinical relevance of a newly identified HLA‐A24‐restricted minor histocompatibility antigen epitope derived from BCL2A1, ACC‐1, in patients receiving HLA genotypically matched unrelated bone marrow transplant (2004)

Minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) are major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated peptides, which trigger T-cell responses that mediate graft versus host disease (GVHD) and graft versus leukaemia effects. We recently identified a new mHA epitope, termed ACC-1, which is presented by HLA-A*2402 and encoded by BCL2A1, whose expression is restricted to haematopoietic cells including leukaemic cells. HLA-A24/ACC-1 tetramer detected the presence of ACC-1-specific CD8+ cells in the peripheral blood of a patient up to 7 months following transplantation, and these tetramer-positive cells were expandable in vitro by ACC-1 peptide stimulation. A retrospective analysis of 320 patients with HLA-A*2402 who had received a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotypically matched unrelated donor through the Japan Marrow Donor Programme was conducted to determine whether ACC-1 disparity is associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as GVHD. Among these patients, ACC-1 disparity was detected in 55 (17.2%) donor/recipient pairs. After adjusting for known risk factors, the hazard ratios or odds ratios of acute and chronic GVHD, relapse and disease-free survival were not statistically different between patients receiving ACC-1 compatible and incompatible transplantation. These data suggest that disparity of haematopoietic cell-specific mHA, ACC-1, is unlikely at least to augment GVHD, and that T cells specific for ACC-1 may also be used for immunotherapy of recurring leukaemia without GVHD.
Using 3D Field Simulation for Evaluating UHF RFID Systems on Forklift Trucks (2010)

The knowledge of field strength and field distribution in a RFID system can be very useful to obtain a reliable data link between interrogator and transponder. In this article a comparison between measured and simulated field distribution for an UHF RFID system mounted on a forklift truck is made. A forklift truck is equipped with a RFID transceiver and a pallet cage and the electromagnetic field is measured. This scenario is then modeled and simulated with the help of a FEM-Software. A comparison of measured and simulated field is done to detect key influencing factors and verify if simulation is an adequate alternative for time consuming measurements.
A simulation testbed for comparing the performance of alternative control architectures (1997)

This paper addresses the issue of appropriate control architectures for automated manufacturing systems. An experimental testbed for the evaluation of alternative control architectures is described that integrates discreteevent simulation (implemented with Arena) and a modular object-oriented state/control development environment (implemented in C++). As well, manufacturing system performance results for three test control architectures are presented.
A functional carbohydrate chip platform for analysis of carbohydrate–protein interaction (2010)

A carbohydrate chip based on glass or other transparent surfaces has been suggested as a potential tool for high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here we proposed a facile, efficient, and cost-effective method whereby diverse carbohydrate types are modified in a single step and directly immobilized onto a glass surface, with retention of functional orientation. We modified various types of carbohydrates by reductive amination, in which reducing sugar groups were coupled with 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline, which has di-amine groups at both ends. The modified carbohydrates were covalently attached to an amino-reactive NHS-activated glass surface by formation of stable amide bonds. This proposed method was applied for efficient construction of a carbohydrate microarray to analyze carbohydrate-protein interactions. The carbohydrate chip prepared using our method can be successfully used in diverse biomimetic studies of carbohydrates, including carbohydrate-biomolecule interactions, and carbohydrate sensor chip or microarray development for diagnosis and screening.
Design and simulation of a four-arm hemispherical helix antenna realized through a stacked printed circuit board structure (2016)

Electrically small antennas have received much research attention and antenna designs have been developed that approach the Chu lower bound. One such antenna design is the spherical helix antenna which can achieve Q values that are 1.5 times the Chu limit. The spherical helix antenna presents a complex geometry that is a design challenge to implement, especially for use in printed circuit board assemblies. A novel hemispherical antenna design is developed and simulated that utilizes stacks of two-layer printed circuit boards to create the 3D hemispherical structure. The advantages of this approach are: the realization of complex antenna geometries using cost efficient printed circuit board technology and the ability to change substrate material to provide dielectric loading of the antenna, while achieving comparable performance with wire based designs.
Ein neuer Beruf stellt sich vor: der Technische Redakteur (1994)

Was macht ein Technischer Redakteur? Der erste Antwortversuch: “Er erstellt Technische Dokumentationen” führt uns direkt zur nächsten Frage: Was ist Technische Dokumentation? Unter Technischer Dokumentation versteht man so unterschiedliche Dinge wie die Gebrauchsanweisung für einen Elektroherd oder einen Videorecorder, das Benutzerhandbuch für ein Textverarbeitungsprogramm oder die Bedienungs- und Wartungsanleitungen für ein modernes Großraumflugzeug.
European Initiatives in Privacy and Data Protection (1997)

The single most significant event for my office during the last year was a European Initiative, the adoption on 24 October 1995 of the EU General Directive on Data Protection (95/46/EC). As information flows and business patterns make geographical boundaries inappropriate in setting standards applying to automatic processing, so harmonization at international level becomes of increasing significance. This applies to informal arrangements as well as to the law, and initiatives to improve the scope for cooperation between European Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners have also been significant. One of the areas on which cooperative working is beginning to bear fruit, and which is clearly of interest to those involved in IT security, is the work being done to encourage and develop the use of Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETS). Beyond the limits of the EU, but in a European context, initiatives designed to improve cooperation between Police Forces (Europol) and Customs (CIS) have had an impact on our work.
Light weight space leaping using ray coherence (2005)

We present a space leaping technique for accelerating volume rendering with very low space and run-time complexity. Our technique exploits the ray coherence during ray casting by using the distance a ray traverses in empty space to leap its neighboring rays. Our technique works with parallel as well as perspective volume rendering, does not require any preprocessing or 3D data structures, and is independent of the transfer function. Being an image-space technique, it is independent of the complexity of the data being rendered. It can be used to accelerate both time-coherent and noncoherent animation sequences.
Degradation signals within both terminal domains of the cauliflower mosaic virus capsid protein precursor (2001)

Targeted protein degradation plays an important regulatory role in the cell, but only a few protein degradation signals have been characterized in plants. Here we describe three instability determinants in the termini of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) capsid protein precursor, of which one is still present in the mature capsid protein p44. A modified ubiquitin protein reference technique was used to show that these motifs are still active when fused to a heterologous reporter gene. The N-terminus of p44 contains a degradation motif characterized by proline, glutamate, aspartate, serine and threonine residues (PEST), which can be inactivated by mutation of three glutamic acid residues to alanines. The signals from the precursor do not correspond to known degradation motifs, although they confer high instability on proteins expressed in plant protoplasts. All three instability determinants were also active in mammalian cells. The PEST signal had a significantly higher degradation activity in HeLa cells, whereas the precursor signals were less active. Inhibition studies suggest that only the signal within the N-terminus of the precursor is targeting the proteasome in plants. This implies that the other two signals may target a novel degradation pathway.
On secure and pseudonymous client-relationships with multiple servers (1998)

This paper introduces a cryptographic engine, Janus, that assists clients in establishing and maintaining secure and pseudonymous relationships with multiple servers. The setting is such that clients reside on a particular subnet (e.g., corporate intranet, ISP) and the servers reside anywhere on the Internet. The Janus engine allows for each client-server relationship to use either weak or strong authentication on each interaction. At the same time, each interaction preserves privacy by neither revealing a client&apos;s true identity (&quot;modulo&quot; the subnet) nor the set of servers a particular client interacts with. Furthermore, clients do not need any secure long-term memory, enabling scalability and mobility. The interaction model extends to allow servers to send data back to clients via e-mail at a later date. Hence, our results complement the functionality of current network anonymity tools and remailers. 1 Introduction We consider the following problem: there is a set of clients located ...
Context-Aware UPnP-AV Services for Adaptive Home Multimedia Systems (2008)

One possibility to provide mobile multimedia in domestic multimedia systems is the use of Universal Plug and Play Audio Visual (UPnP-AV) devices. In a standard UPnP-AV scenario, multimedia content provided by a Media Server device is streamed to Media Renderer devices by the initiation of a Control Point. However, there is no provisioning of context-aware multimedia content customization. This paper presents an enhancement of standard UPnP-AV services for home multimedia environments regarding context awareness. It comes up with context profile definitions, shows how this context information can be queried from the Media Renderers, and illustrates how a Control Point can use this information to tailor a media stream from the Media Server to one or more Media Renderers. Moreover, since a standard Control Point implementation only queries one Media Server at a time, there is no global view on the content of all Media Servers in the UPnP-AV network. This paper also presents an approach of multimedia content integration on the Media Server side that provides fast search for content on the network. Finally, a number of performance measurements show the overhead costs of our enhancements to UPnP-AV in order to achieve the benefits.
Profound reductions in first and total cardiovascular events with icosapent ethyl in the REDUCE-IT trial: why these results usher in a new era in dyslipidaemia therapeutics (2019)

The aims of this clinical review are to: (i) highlight the importance of elevated baseline triglycerides (TG) in the setting of well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on statins as a major contributor to residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, particularly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity whose distinctive lipid phenotype cannot be optimally treated with LDL-C reduction therapy alone; (ii) describe the findings and clinical implications of the landmark REDUCE-IT trial in which ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid significantly improved ASCVD outcomes. While many genetic studies have shown that elevated TG are an independent causal factor for ASCVD, prior placebo-controlled trials using niacin, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and dietary supplement fish oil preparations have failed to demonstrate significant CV event reduction when added to statin therapy. In contrast, the REDUCE-IT trial in 8179 participants showed convincingly that the administration of 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl (an ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid) in patients at high risk for ASCVD with increased levels of baseline TG [median value, 2.44 mmol/L (216.0 mg/dL)] but well-controlled LDL-C [median value, 1.94 mmol/L (75.0 mg/dL)] reduced significantly incident events across both the trial primary endpoint and multiple prespecified secondary endpoints, including cardiovascular death, as well as both subsequent and total primary endpoint and key secondary endpoint events. Icosapent ethyl unequivocally contributed to ASCVD event reduction over and above statin therapy. The REDUCE-IT trial results should alter our approach to managing a growing population of hypertriglyceridaemic patients whose lipid phenotype requires more intensive treatment beyond LDL-C lowering alone.
[Histochemical stains for minerals by hematoxylin-lake method]. (2013)

The present study was undertaken to establish the experimental animal model by histological staining methods for minerals. After intraperitoneal injections of minerals, precipitates deposited on the surface of the liver. Liver tissues were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and cut into thin sections which were used as minerals containing standard section. Several reagents for histological stains and spectrophotometry for minerals were applied in both test-tube experiments and stainings of tissue sections to test for minerals. Hematoxylin-lake was found of capable of staining minerals in tissue. A simple technique used was described for light microscopic detection of minerals.
Laboratory Study of Hydraulic Fracturing (1981)

Laboratory tests on Teton Dam soil were performed by increasing the water pressure in model bore holes and in simulated rock joints. The water pressure required to cause hydraulic fracturing was found to depend on soil density, water content, confining stress and test duration. On the basis of the test results it was hypothesized that: (1) Hydraulic fracturing is a weak link phenomenon, in that fracturing will occur in the least resistant soil subjected to increased water pressure; and (2) hydraulic fracturing can probably occur only in the presence of a discontinuity, within which the water pressure can act to create a wedging mechanism, thus creating tensile stresses in the soil.
Oncogenic Ras Sensitizes Cells to Apoptosis by Par-4 (1999)

Certain mutations in the mammalian ras gene are oncogenic and are often detected in human cancers. Oncogenic Ras induces the transcription activity of NF-kappaB that confers cell survival. Oncogenic Ras also down-modulates the expression of Par-4, a transcriptional repressor protein, that is essential but not sufficient on its own to induce apoptosis. Here we show that reintroduction of Par-4 by transient transfection leads to apoptosis in cells expressing oncogenic Ras but not in those that lack oncogenic Ras expression. Par-4 abrogates oncogenic Ras-inducible NF-kappaB transcription activity but does not interfere with cytoplasmic activation, or the DNA binding activity, of NF-kappaB. Because abrogation of NF-kappaB transcription activity is sufficient to cause apoptosis in cells expressing oncogenic Ras, our findings identify Par-4 as a novel example of a pro-apoptotic protein that selectively inhibits oncogenic Ras-dependent NF-kappaB function at the transcription level and suggest a mechanism by which Par-4 expression may selectively induce apoptosis in oncogenic Ras-expressing cells.
Lens-blocking method for Opticam (1992)

A uv-curing 'cold' blocking adhesive has been developed by Loctite Corporation for use with the Opticam SM. The adhesive is a significant advance in the lens blocking process, as it eliminates heat-induced blocking strain; the most significant problem encountered with current hot pitch blocking methods. The new cold blocking adhesive is complemented by a new Kennametal lens blocking adapter tool and chucking system. The tooling offers substantially improved lens adapter to machine alignment and transfer; at considerably lower cost. The lenses are deblocked in a heated water and detergent solution, eliminating the environmental concerns of the current method.