gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF GASEOUS EFFLUENTS FROM AIRBORNE LWIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY USING PHYSICS-BASED SIGNATURES (2007)

Detection of gaseous effluent plumes from airborne platforms provides a unique challenge to the remote sensing community. The measured signatures are a complicated combination of phenomenology including effects of the atmosphere, spectral characteristics of the background material under the plume, temperature contrast between the gas and the surface, and the concentration of the gas. All of these quantities vary spatially further complicating the detection problem. In complex scenes simple estimation of a “residual” spectrum may not be possible due to the variability in the scene background. A common detection scheme uses a matched filter formalism to compare laboratory-measured gas absorption spectra with measured pixel radiances. This methodology can not account for the variable signature strengths due to concentration path length and temperature contrast, nor does it take into account measured signatures that are observed in both absorption and emission in the same scene. We have developed a physics-based, forward model to predict in-scene signatures covering a wide range in gas / surface properties. This target space is reduced to a set of basis vectors using a geometrical model of the space. Corresponding background basis vectors are derived to describe the non-plume pixels in the image. A Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test is then used to discriminate between plume and non-plume pixels. Several species can be tested for iteratively. The algorithm is applied to airborne LWIR hyperspectral imagery collected by the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI) over a chemical facility with some ground truth. When compared to results from a clutter matched filter the physics-based signature approach shows significantly improved performance for the data set considered here.
Regulation of a Cyclin-CDK-CDK Inhibitor Complex by Inositol Pyrophosphates (2007)

In budding yeast, phosphate starvation triggers inhibition of the Pho80-Pho85 cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex by the CDK inhibitor Pho81, leading to expression of genes involved in nutrient homeostasis. We isolated myo-d-inositol heptakisphosphate (IP7) as a cellular component that stimulates Pho81-dependent inhibition of Pho80-Pho85. IP7 is necessary for Pho81-dependent inhibition of Pho80-Pho85 in vitro. Moreover, intracellular concentrations of IP7 increased upon phosphate starvation, and yeast mutants defective in IP7 production failed to inhibit Pho80-Pho85 in response to phosphate starvation. These observations reveal regulation of a cyclin-CDK complex by a metabolite and suggest that a complex metabolic network mediates signaling of phosphate availability.
Quantitative analysis by X-ray induced total electron yield (TEY) compared to XRFA (2004)

The theoretical concepts of the two methods are similar. Consequently, comparable fundamental parameter algorithms can be developed and applied to a quantitative analysis of bulk specimens and to an investigation of thin layers by TEY and by XRFA. Whereas the sampling depth of XRFA is determined by photoelectric absorption, for TEY the escape probability of electrons reduces this quantity to values of less than 100 nm. Thus, TEY is practically a surface analytical method with sampling depths between X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and XRFA. The decrease of fluorescence yields with decreasing atomic number Z is responsible for a significant reduction of the elemental sensitivity of XRFA in the range of low- Z elements. On the other hand, the elemental sensitivity of TEY increases with decreasing Z as a consequence of the dominating contribution of KLL- and LMM-Auger electrons to measured TEY jumps. The possibility to quantify submonolayers and layers of nm thickness buried under nm layers, a nearly linear dependence of TEY signals versus the elemental concentration of multielement specimens and the EXAFS and XANES information that is contained in measured TEY responses, are valuable features of TEY. A disadvantage of TEY is the time consuming sequential data accumulation of TEY spectra when compared to energy dispersive XRFA. But due to progress in instrumentation TEY is no longer reserved to synchrotron radiation sources
Sulfatide-binding domain of the laminin A chain. (1990)

A sulfatide-binding site on the globular end region of the long arm of laminin has been identified. Following proteolytic digestion with thermolysin, an intact fragment of the laminin A chain carboxyl-terminal domain exhibiting sulfatide-binding activity was isolated using gel filtration and heparin affinity chromatography. This fragment is composed of two peptides that are covalently linked by at least one disulfide bond and encompass the carboxyl-terminal 394 amino acids of the A chain. The clusters of charged residues in the primary structure of these fragments are sufficient for heparin-binding activity but not sulfatide binding since reduction and alkylation of the fragments abolished sulfatide binding under conditions in which heparin binding was retained. Thus, sulfatide binding requires an intact three-dimensional structure. The iodinated fragment bound to A2058 melanoma and T47D breast carcinoma cells and could be displaced by the unlabeled fragment. Based on incorporation of [35S] sulfate, both cell lines synthesize sulfated glycolipids that bind to laminin. In agreement with previous data that indicate a synergistic interaction of the sulfatide-binding domain with other laminin-binding sites on melanoma cells during attachment, the isolated sulfatide-binding fragment significantly inhibited interaction of labeled intact laminin with melanoma and breast carcinoma cells in direct binding assays.
Griscelli Syndrome Type 2: A Case Report on Its Diagnosis and Management (2018)

Griscelli syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder which is very rare and is characterized by dilution of pigments and variable immunodeficiency. Researchers have identified three types of this disorder which are distinguished by their genetic cause and pattern of signs and symptoms: Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3, caused by the mutation of MYO5A, RAB27A and MLPH genes respectively. Subtype 2 being the most common, is characterized by severe immunological impairment and commonly develops hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and recurrent infections and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The present case is about a 5-month-old Indian girl child who was diagnosed with GS type 2. Keywords: Griscelli syndrome, immunodeficiency, partial albinism, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, autosomal recessive disease Cite this Article Ansu Ann Mathew, Iswar Hazarika. Griscelli Syndrome Type 2: A Case Report on Its Diagnosis and Management. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology . 2018; 8(2): 5–7p.
Simultaneous determination of the nonlinear‐elastic properties of skin and subcutaneous tissue in unconfined compression tests (2007)

Background/aims: The compressive nonlinear‐elastic properties of soft tissues are usually determined using unconfined compression tests. To determine the nonlinear‐elastic behavior of skin and subcutaneous tissue using a conventional approach, the skin and subcutaneous tissue had to be separated before testing. Using such an approach, measurement errors may be increased as a consequence of the reduced specimen dimensions and cumulative experimental errors. In the present study, we propose a novel method to determine the nonlinear‐elastic behaviors of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue simultaneously using specimens of skin/subcutaneous composites. Methods: The stress/strain curves of skin and subcutaneous tissues are derived from stress/strain curves of soft tissue specimens with different skin/subcutaneous height ratios. There is no need to separate the skin from the subcutaneous tissue in the tests, thereby improving the reliability and reducing measurement errors. In order to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach, unconfined compression tests with skin/subcutaneous tissues collected from the front paws of pigs were conducted. Results/Conclusion: Using the proposed approach, stress/strain relationships of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue were derived from data determined in eight unconfined compression tests. The obtained stress/strain curves were consistent with published experimental data. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed approach is not only more efficient but also more reliable.
Efficient and scalable, end-to-end mobility support for reactive and proactive handoffs in IPv6 (2006)

Handoff performance with mobile IPv6 strongly depends on the efficiency of IP-layer configuration mechanisms as well as the flexibility of mobile nodes to schedule and parallelize their signaling. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the handoff performance with standard IPv6 protocols and mobile IPv6, and identifies several sources for delay. Some of the delays are already well known, but an optimized and widely applicable handoff approach is yet to be found. While substantial efforts are currently being invested into localized mobility-management architectures, such approaches feature poor scalability and limited deployability given their requirements in terms of financial investments and coordination across administrative borders. This article hence explores a number of promising IPv6 and end-to-end mobile IPv6 optimization proposals, some of which are currently under standardization within the IETF, and elaborates how a combination of those can significantly improve handoff experience without loss of scalability. The article further shows that the optimizations may not only improve reactive handoff performance, but also facilitate efficient proactive handoff management
Road geometry estimation using a precise clothoid road model and observations of moving vehicles (2014)

An important part of any advanced driver assistance system is road geometry estimation. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian estimation algorithm using lane marking measurements received from a camera and measurements of the leading vehicles received from a radar-camera fusion system, to estimate the road up to 200 meters ahead in highway scenarios. The filtering algorithm uses a segmented clothoid-based road model. In order to use the heading of leading vehicles we need to detect if each vehicle is keeping lane or changing lane. Hence, we propose to jointly detect the motion state of the leading vehicles and estimate the road geometry using a multiple model filter. Finally the proposed algorithm is compared to an existing method using real data collected from highways. The results indicate that it provides a more accurate road estimation in some scenarios.
Mode conversion in an imperfect waveguide (1973)

A formalism is described for calculating the mode conversion induced in a straight waveguide by imperfections which break its translational symmetry, and in one whose direction changes along its length. The method employs 'quasimodes' which are adapted to the local nature of the guide. The method is particularly useful when the spatial frequency of the imperfections is small compared with the differences in wavenumbers of the guided modes involved or when the radius of a bend is much greater than the width of the guide.
Self-Assembly of Gold Nanorods (2000)

Self-assembly of gold nanorods (NRs) with aspect ratio of ∼4.6 (12 nm in diameter and 50−60 nm in length) has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under appropriate conditions such as nanoparticle concentration, solvent evaporation, narrow size distribution, ionic strength, and surfactant concentration of the parent solution, gold nanorods assemble into one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures. Some of the three-dimensional assemblies extend to superlattices of NRs. The translation and orientation symmetries of the self-assembled structures are determined. The factors affecting the formation of the ordered self-assembly are discussed.
Investigation of autistic features among individuals with mild to moderate Cornelia de Lange syndrome (2012)

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, limb abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. Autism has been reported to occur frequently in CdLS, but the frequency of autism in individuals with the milder CdLS phenotype is not well studied. We investigated autistic features by using a screening tool and a diagnostic interview in 49 individuals with the mild to moderate phenotype from a CdLS research database at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), a screening instrument for autistic disorder, was completed for all individuals. For individuals who screened positive and a subset of those that screened negative, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was administered. Autistic symptom severity was not significantly different by gender, age groups, and genotypes. There was a significant correlation between higher levels of adaptive functioning and lower scores of autistic symptoms. The estimated prevalence of significant autistic features by ADI-R criteria was 43% in our cohort of individuals with the mild to moderate CdLS phenotype, which suggests that prevalence of autistic disorder may be higher than previously described among individuals with mild to moderate phenotype of CdLS. Clinicians who take care of individuals with CdLS should have a high index of suspicion for autistic features, and refer for further evaluation when these features are present in order to expedite appropriate intervention.
Interrupting Characteristics of Puffer and Suction Type SF6 Gas Interrupter Especially in Thermal Breakdown Region (1984)

Interrupting characteristics in thermal region within the range of 30-60kA current levels have been examined with an experimental model breaker under some SF6 gas pressures of 4.5-15 bars. The interrupter tested with the breaker was designed to shorten the arcing time based on the puffer principle with the aid of a suction chamber. Arcing time was shortened with the fastly established gas-flow into the suction chamber in comparison with conventional puffer type interrupters. Interrupting characteristics in short arcing time region were much influenced by interrupter structures, interrupting currents, filling gas pressures and rates of rise of recovery voltage (rrrV). Particularly, in large current region over 50kA, the minimum arcing time was sensitively affected by moving side interrupter structures. Using a newly developed interrupter characterized by a follower type insulating nozzle, it has demonstrated a minimum arcing time of 0.37 cycles for the 63kA 90% short line fault (SLF) condition for two breaks per pole under an SF6 gas pressure of 10 bars, and also has demonstrated 0.33 cycles for the 50kA 90% SLF condition under a pressure of 6 bars.
Hypoxic remodeling of the rat pulmonary arterial microcirculation assessed by microdissection (1991)

Artery segments were microdissected from distal acini of the rat lung and studied by light and electron microscopy. Morphometric methods were used to quantify the structure of the wall at defined levels within the normal axial pathway and to determine the changes after 5 and 7 days of whole-animal exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at an inspiratory O2 fraction of 0.1. In the normal lung, at the level of the terminal bronchiolus, the artery wall comprised up to six layers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). At the respiratory bronchiolar level, however, the wall contained fewer than two layers of SMCs with a consistently circumferential orientation. By the second-generation alveolar ducts (AD2), the medial layer was lost, replaced by subendothelial precursor smooth muscle cells (PCs) resembling intermediate cells. At this and the next level (AD3), the PC layer was often circumferentially discontinuous. Regression analysis of the morphometric data suggested, however, that the smallest AD3 artery is likely to have a layer of PCs but with virtually no measurable separation between them and the endothelium. The mean maximum radial diameter of SMCs decreased along the axial pathway with a significant difference between diameters at terminal bronchiolus and AD2 levels; yet the diameter of endothelial cells remained the same. After 7 days of hypoxia, no change was noted in the number of smooth muscle layers, but at the AD2 level the relative area of media in the total wall increased. This was due in part to hypertrophy of PCs, as evidenced by an increase in their mean maximum radial diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
β‐Adrenoceptor Ligands: Characterization and Quantification of Drug Effects (1992)

Abstract Several methods based on receptor theory are introduced which are useful to characterize βAR in functional and biochemical experiments. βAR subtypes, β 1 AR and β 2 AR, which coexist in most organs of mammals including man, can be characterized in intact tissues analyzing the concentration‐dependent blockade of agonist‐induced effects by subtype‐selective antagonists. Non‐linear regression analyses allow the estimation of dissociation constants for antagonists and of fractional stimuli of agonists from which functional subtype‐selectivities can be deduced. A comparison of dissociation constants assessed by functional methods and by radioligand binding revealed an affinity loss of β 1 AR‐selective antagonists in plasmalemmal membranes. The analysis of binding of β 2 AR‐selective agonists, which are used for pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma, in the absence and presence of GTP revealed characteristic differences in affinity for high and low affinity states of β 2 AR which correlate to different IA of agonists in stimulation of adenylate cyclase and of smooth muscle relaxation. A new agonist‐radioligand, 3 H‐formoterol, is introduced which allows the measurement of binding kinetics. The slow dissociation of 3 H‐formoterol may underlie the long‐lasting action of formoterol as assessed in its therapeutical use.
Stability and phase behavior of mixed surfactant vesicles (1991)

Although large, spherical surfactant vesicles are generally unstable to either lamellar or micellar phases, mixtures of two surfactants can lead to spontaneous vesicle formation. We show theoretically how the energetic stabilization of mixed vesicles can occur by considering the curvature elasticity of the surfactant bilayer. Interactions between the two species (of the proper sign and magnitude) are crucial to stabilizing these vesicles. These interactions lead to composition asymmetries and effective spontaneous curvatures of the inner and outer layers that are of equal and opposite signs. The vesicles have a Gaussian distribution about an average size determined by the effective spontaneous curvature; the width of the distribution is calculated as a function of concentration. The stability of these vesicles with respect to a flat lamellar phase is estimated. The predictions of the ranges of stability of the various phases as a function of the three concentrations (solvent, e.g., water--and the two amphiphiles) are in qualitative agreement with recent experiments.
A new electric power sensor module using magnetoresistive thin film (1989)

The authors describe an electric power sensor module using Ni-Fe magnetoresistive thin film. It is compact and microprocessor-interfaceable. The module is constructed of five components: a bridge-type magnetoresistive element used as a multiplier, a permanent magnet to provide some magnetic bias, a Permalloy case for a magnetic shield, an isolation transformer, and an amplifier. The thin-film element has good offset voltage/temperature characteristics and linearity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Random Telegraph Signal in CMOS Image Sensors for Low-Light Levels (2006)

This paper presents the investigation of fluctuating pixels resulting from the random telegraph signal (R.T.S) of the source-follower transistor. The work takes into account the impact of the source-follower noise power spectral density (P.S.D) dispersion through correlated double sampling (C.D.S) readout circuit used in CMOS active pixel image sensors. The results allow the determination of the output r.m.s noise versus R.T.S noise characteristics. The distinctiveness of the observed flickering pixels is discussed in detail and the proposed mechanisms behind the phenomena are viewed in light of the collected data. We show that R.T.S noise main parameters dispersion of the source-follower transistor is a major factor influencing the circuit output r.m.s noise value distribution in a pixel array. Results are compared with experimental data
The relationship between reductive dehalogenation and other aryl substituent removal reactions catalyzed by anaerobes (1986)

Anaerobic bacteria are known to catalyze the removal of a variety of aromatic substituents, including -COOH, -OH, -OCH3, -CH3, and halogens. We investigated whether reductive dehalogenation was related to other types of aryl substituent removal reactions. A dehalogenating bacterial consortium was tested for its ability to use benzoic acids substituted in the 3 position with the functional groups listed above. In addition to dehalogenation, the enrichment (as well as the dehalogenating pure culture) was able to transform 3-methoxybenzoic acid to 3-hydroxybenzoic acid without a lag. This reaction exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km of 5 μM. To test the hypothesis that the two reactions were related, we developed a mathematical model incorporating a competitive inhibition term to account for the influence of one substrate on the degradation of the other. However, experimental evidence showed no significant difference in the rates of 3-chlorobenzoic acid or 3-methoxybenzoic acid degradation in either the presence or absence of the other substrate. In addition, an anaerobe known to degrade methoxylated aromatic substrates was not able to transform chlorinated analogues. Finally, the isolated dechlorinating organism, strain DCB-1 was able to transform 3-methoxybenzoic acid in the presence of 1 mM thiosulfate, but the dehalogenation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid under these conditions was completely inhibited. Therefore, it is unlikely that a relationship exists between dehalogenation and other anaerobic aromatic substituent removal mechanisms.
Efficient X-ray Generation of Sm<sup>2+</sup> in Nanocrystalline BaFCl/Sm<sup>3+</sup>:  a <i>Photoluminescent</i> X-ray Storage Phosphor (2007)

Efficient X-ray generation of relatively stable Sm2+ centers is observed in nanocrystalline Sm3+-activated BaFCl, as prepared by a one-step wet chemical reaction. The conversion efficiency is approximately 50,000 times higher than that in microcrystalline BaFCl/Sm3+ prepared at 900 degrees C. The Sm2+ centers, and hence the radiation dose, can be directly monitored by the narrow photoexcited 5DJ-7FJ f-f luminescence lines. The relatively high efficiency of Sm2+ generation appears to be directly linked to the particle size.