gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Empty, Baffled, and Packed Tubes<sup>1</sup> (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Empty, Baffled, and Packed Tubes1Allan P. ColburnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1931, 23, 8, 910–913Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50260a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50260a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Significance of selenium in intensive care medicine. Clinical studies of patients with SIRS/sepsis syndrome]. (1999)

Selenium is an essential component of the intracellular antioxidant system as a structural component of the active center of the glutathione peroxidase enzymes. These selenoenzymes play a major role in protecting cells against peroxidation, especially lipid peroxidation and selenium seems to play a direct role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. In conditions of systemic inflammatory response or sepsis, patients are exposed to severe oxidative stress. These patients already have both, a decreased plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity at admission to the ICU as has been shown in several studies. The degree of selenium deficiency is correlated with the severity of disease and the incidence of mortality. The reason for the low plasma selenium levels is unknown. Especially it would be of interest a) if the low plasma selenium is the consequence of the systemic inflammatory response with distribution of selenium in other compartments of the body, b) most important, whether the substitution of selenium might improve the outcome and decrease the mortality rate of these patients. In 2 independently performed intention-to-treat studies including patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis a beneficial effect of selenium supplementation on multiple organ function and outcome could already be demonstrated as well as a tendency of an improved mortality rate. A prospective analytical study clearly could demonstrate the inverse relationship between low plasma selenium and morbidity and mortality of patients with SIRS/sepsis. The results of these studies are so convincing, that we propose a randomized, prospective, double blind multicenter phase-III study including patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis to investigate, whether a high-dose selenium substitution in addition to the recommended treatment strategies for patients with sepsis improves outcome and mortality rate of these patients.
The role of property and construction professionals in major disaster management (2008)

Why does reconstruction after major disasters seem to take so long and what happens to survivors after the humanitarian aid providers move on? These questions were asked by professionals in the property and construction industries following the boxing-day tsunami. This resulted in the formation of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors’ (RICS) Major Disaster Management Commission (MDMC) and research to identify the apparent gap between humanitarian disaster relief and the re-establishment of normal living conditions post disaster (Lloyd-Jones 2006). It is clear from numerous examples world wide that the aid community is very efficient at mobilising humanitarian aid immediately following a significant natural disaster. What has become apparent through a detailed gap analysis is that in the period post disaster the reconstruction of essential services and buildings is much less efficiently addressed. The lack of pre-disaster preparedness and planning are key aspects which contribute to the gap. This lack of planning is more prevalent in developing countries where skills and expertise in the built environment are scarce.
Adhesion Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Mucin (2016)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive bacteria that are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mammals, including humans. Since Mechnikov first proposed that yogurt could prevent intestinal putrefaction and aging, the beneficial effects of LAB have been widely demonstrated. The region between the duodenum and the terminal of the ileum is the primary region colonized by LAB, particularly the Lactobacillus species, and this region is covered by a mucus layer composed mainly of mucin-type glycoproteins. The mucus layer plays a role in protecting the intestinal epithelial cells against damage, but is also considered to be critical for the adhesion of Lactobacillus in the GI tract. Consequently, the adhesion exhibited by lactobacilli on mucin has attracted attention as one of the critical factors contributing to the persistent beneficial effects of Lactobacillus in a constantly changing intestinal environment. Thus, understanding the interactions between Lactobacillus and mucin is crucial for elucidating the survival strategies of LAB in the GI tract. This review highlights the properties of the interactions between Lactobacillus and mucin, while concomitantly considering the structure of the GI tract from a histochemical perspective.
Role of Leukocyte‐Endothelium Adhesion in Affecting Recovery from Ischemic Episodes<sup>a</sup> (1989)

The role of the inflammatory process in the onset of sickle cell crisis has not been fully elucidated, although there is evidence for leukocytosis and enhanced leukocyte to endothelium adhesion. The elevated LEA typical of inflammation may impede recovery from transient ischemic episodes by increasing the resistance to blood flow, which in the case of sickle cell disease may exacerbate the "vicious cycle" of HbS deoxygenation which leads to microvascular stasis. Recent studies on the mechanics of white blood cell margination and adhesion in postcapillary venules of laboratory animals, either in the low-flow state or following tissue exposure to chemoattractants, reveal a marked rise in intravascular resistance with LEA. Such increases may be as great as twofold with as few as 6 WBCs adhering per 100 microns of venule length. In human subjects, leukocytosis attendant to crisis has been correlated with increased time to recover from induced periods of ischemia in skin capillaries. Thus, further definition of the role of the inflammatory process in crisis is needed in light of microvessel obstruction in the low-flow state.
Depression in Epilepsy: Etiology, Phenomenology, and Treatment (1999)

A history of depression or depressive symptomatology has been reported in up to two-thirds of patients with medically intractable epilepsy, whereas community studies have demonstrated affective disorder only in a quarter of these patients. Depression has been reported peri- and interictally. However, differentiation may be difficult in patients with frequent seizures. Most authors have found no correlation between depression and epilepsy variables. However, complex partial seizures, especially of temporal lobe origin, appear to be etiologic factors, particularly in men with left-sided foci. Depression is also more common in patients treated with polytherapy especially with barbiturates, phenytoin, and vigabatrin. Depression has also been described de novo after temporal lobectomy. Psychosocial factors also play a part, but underlying risk factors (e.g., genetic, endocrine and metabolic) may explain the increased rates of depression in people with epilepsy compared to those with other neurologic and chronic medical conditions. The depression appears to be endogenous. Patients tend to exhibit fewer neurotic traits and more psychotic symptoms such as paranoia, delusions, and persecutory auditory hallucinations. Treatment approaches include psychotherapy, rationalization of antiepileptic drug medication, antidepressant treatment, and ECT. The tricyclic and related antidepressants appear to be epileptogenic, especially in people at high risk (personal or family history of seizures, abnormal pretreatment EEG, brain damage, alcohol or substance abuse/withdrawal and concurrent use of CNS-active medication). Seizures tend to occur early in treatment or after dose increments, especially if rapidly titrated. There is little evidence that the newer antidepressants, e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, moclobemide, venlafaxine, or nefazodone are more epileptogenic than placebo.
NOTE ON TUBERCLE BACILLI OF AVIAN ORIGIN HARBORED IN THE UDDER OF A COW (1930)

Tubercle bacillus, isolated from an avian source, the common crow, remained alive in the udder tissue of a cow 210 days after intravenous inoculation without producing demonstrable macroscopic lesion; reinoculated from the udder tissues into laboratory animals it proved virulent, and caused progressive lesions in chickens and rabbits but not in guinea pigs.
Identification and functional characterization of paxillin as a target of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor T (2010)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type T (PTPRT) is the most frequently mutated tyrosine phosphatase in human cancers. However, the cell signaling pathways regulated by PTPRT largely remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that paxillin is a direct substrate of PTPRT and that PTPRT specifically regulates paxillin phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 88 (Y88) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We engineered CRC cells homozygous for a paxillin Y88F knock-in mutant and found that these cells exhibit significantly reduced cell migration and impaired anchorage-independent growth, fail to form xenograft tumors in nude mice, and have decreased phosphorylation of p130CAS, SHP2, and AKT. PTPRT knockout mice that we generated exhibit increased levels of colonic paxillin phosphorylation at residue Y88 and are highly susceptible to carcinogen azoxymethane-induced colon tumor, providing critical in vivo evidence that PTPRT normally functions as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, similarly increased paxillin pY88 is also found as a common feature of human colon cancers. These studies reveal an important signaling pathway that plays a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Effects of Blade Tenderization, Vacuum Massage Time and Salt Level on Chemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Precooked Chuck Roasts (1989)

ABSTRACT The influence of blade tenderization (T), vacuum massage time (2, 3 hr) and salt level (SL) (1.0, 1.25%) on the chemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of precooked chuck roasts prepared from Triceps brachii (TRI) and Supraspinatus (SUP) muscles was investigated. Cooking losses decreased and total yields increased with higher SL, while T increased product fat content. T decreased Warner‐Bratzler shear values for the bind site (junction between the two muscles) and the edge of the roast. Instron values for hardness and chewiness of the muscle tissue were decreased by blade tenderization. Sensory panel evaluation showed that TRI had a more intense beef flavor and was more tender than SUP, while T improved first impression tenderness.
Adaptation of Babson's Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase in the Clinical Laboratory (1965)

Abstract Babson's method for the assay of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGO-T) is modified to increase its accuracy and reliability. The final color produced is made stable with the addition of bisulfite ion, thereby making the procedure more suitable for the routine clinical laboratory. The 95% limits for values on 20 healthy laboratory workers was 4 to 26 units with a mean of 13 units.
Distributed agent-based real time network intrusion forensics system architecture design (2005)

Network forensics is a new approach for the network security, because the firewall and IDS cannot always stop and discover the misuse in the network. Once the system is compromised, the forensics and investigation always after the attacks and lose some useful instant evidence. The integrated analysis of the log and audit system and network traffic can lead to an efficient navigation of the traffic. The current network forensics approaches only focus on the network traffic capture and traffic replay, which always result in the performance bottleneck or forensics analysis difficulties. However, the adaptive capture without lose the potential sensitive traffic and real time investigation are seldom discussed. In this paper, we discuss the frameworks of distributed agent-based real time network intrusion forensics system, which is deployed in local area network environment. Some novel approaches for network forensics are discussed for the first time, such as network forensics server, network forensics database, network forensics agents, forensics data integration and active real time network forensic.
Deformable Part Models with Individual Part Scaling (2013)

Current deformable part models such as the ones introduced by Felzenszwalb et al. let the parts deform only at a fixed predetermined scale relative to that of the root of the models (typically at twice the resolution).They do so because it allows them to find the optimal placement of each part efficiently, using a fast 2D distance transform algorithm.We demonstrate in this paper that if one settles for approximately optimal placements, it is possible to efficiently deform the parts across scales as well.Allowing parts to move in 3D increases the expressivity of the models, allowing them to compensate for a wider class of deformations, and might approximate an increase in the scanning resolution.As the number of parameters remains (nearly) constant, overfitting is not a problem.
Low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors fabricated from laser-processed sputtered-silicon films (1998)

In an effort to develop a simple low-temperature high-performance polysilicon thin-film transistor (TFT) technology, we report a fabrication process featuring laser-crystallized sputtered-silicon films. This top Al-gate coplanar TFT process subjects the substrate to a maximum temperature of 300/spl deg/C, and produces devices with mobilities up to 450 cm/sup 2//Vs, on/off current ratios greater than 10/sup 7/, without using a post-hydrogenation step. We believe these results represent the highest performance TFT's to date fabricated from sputtered silicon films.
Demonstration of granzyme A and perforin messenger RNA in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

Our results demonstrate that gene expression of at least 2 CTL products, granzyme A and perforin, is up-regulated in the synovium of patients with RA compared with that in the synovium of patients with OA. These molecules presumably play an important role not only in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, but also in facilitating the migration of blood-borne mononuclear cells through the vascular basement membrane into the rheumatoid synovium.
Expression of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors during full-thickness skin wound healing in young and aged mice (2005)

The highly ordered process of wound healing involves the coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and migration and tissue remodeling, predominantly by polypeptide growth factors. Consequently, the slowing of wound healing that occurs in the aged may be related to changes in the activity of these various regulatory factors. To gain additional insight into these issues, we quantified the absolute copy numbers of mRNAs encoding all the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), their receptors (FGFRs) and two other growth factors in the dorsal skin of young and aged mice during the healing of full-thickness skin excisional wounds. In young adult mice (8 weeks old), FGF7, FGF10 and FGF22 mRNAs were all strongly expressed in healthy skin, and levels of FGF7 and 10 but not 22 increased 2- to 3.5-fold over differing time courses after wounding. The levels of FGF9, 16, 18 and especially 23 mRNAs were moderate or low in healthy skin but increased 2- to 33-fold after wounding. Among the four FGFRs, expression of only FGFR1 mRNA was augmented during wound healing. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta and hepatocyte growth factor was also high in healthy skin and was upregulated during healing. Notably, in aged mice (35 weeks old), where healing proceeded more slowly than in the young, both the basal and wound-induced mRNA expression of most of these genes was reduced. While these results confirm the established notion that FGFR2 IIIB ligands (FGF7 and FGF10) are important for wound healing, they also suggest that decreased expression of multiple FGF ligands contributes to the slowing of wound healing in aged mice and indicate the potential importance of further study of the involvement of FGF9, 16, 18 and 23 in the wound healing process.
The two-chain coiled-coil molecule of native epidermal keratin intermediate filaments is a type I-type II heterodimer. (1990)

The composition of the two-chain coiled-coil molecule of murine epidermal keratin intermediate filaments (KIF) containing keratins 1 (type II) and 10 (type I) has been explored using native-type KIF as well as KIF reassembled in vitro from protein dissolved in urea solutions or from mixtures of 3H-labeled and unlabeled purified chains. By use of cross-linking, high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotting for 3H-labeled keratins or with an anti-mouse keratin 10 antibody, it was found that individual keratin chains form type I or type II homodimers and homotetramers in solution that do not assemble into KIF in vitro. When mixed in urea solutions of 5 M or greater, such homo-oligomers rapidly rearrange into mostly heterodimers and heterotetramers that support filament assembly. On the other hand, prekeratin, isolated from newborn mouse epidermis with 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 2.6, under conditions that do not dissociate the native coiled-coil molecule, consists exclusively of type I-II heterodimers and heterotetramers. It is necessary to dissolve prekeratin in 8-9.5 M urea for several hours in order to dissociate the native heterodimer molecule and incorporate tracer amounts of a single 3H-labeled keratin chain. These data establish that native KIF consist of heterodimer coiled-coil molecules. Furthermore, heterodimers are much more stable than homodimers and are the favored form of association in solution. However, some homodimers (10-30% of total) always form after dissolution in concentrated urea and can be assimilated into KIF during reassembly in vitro. The isolation of alpha-helix-enriched dimer particles from the 2B region of the rod domains upon limited proteolysis confirmed the presence of mostly heterodimer and some homodimer molecules in reassembled KIF. These properties of keratin chains in urea solutions hereby clarify a number of conflicting reports in the literature concerning the composition of the coiled-coil molecule. The presence of some homo-oligomeric species in reassembled KIF correlates with earlier observations of polymorphism as well as stoichiometry.
Email Social Network Extraction and Search (2011)

The article discusses our email search prototype, which exploits social networks hidden in email archives and the spread of activation algorithm. The prototype offers new way of searching email archives as knowledge repository. The prototype was partially evaluated on the Enron email corpus.
Using metrics to evaluate software system maintainability (1994)

Software metrics have been much criticized in the last few years, sometimes justly but more often unjustly, because critics misunderstand the intent behind the technology. Software complexity metrics, for example, rarely measure the "inherent complexity" embedded in software systems, but they do a very good job of comparing the relative complexity of one portion of a system with another. In essence, they are good modeling tools. Whether they are also good measuring tools depends on how consistently and appropriately they are applied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A low cost, general purpose S-video, PAL/NTSC encoder (1992)

The device is used to encode red, green, and blue (RGB) color difference signals from a camera, computer graphics system, or some other originating generator into the established PAL or NTSC standards. In addition to the color composite video output, separate chrominance and luminance S-video signals are generated for improved display and video recording quality. All three outputs have 75- Omega drive capability and are available concurrently. The RGB inputs require 700 mV p-p for 100% color saturation and for 700 mV p-p at the 75- Omega video output loads. The device may be phase locked to an external 4.43-MHz or 3.58-MHz subcarrier source, driven from an external four times subcarrier frequency clock or free run from the internal four times subcarrier frequency crystal oscillator. The device was fabricated using a 2- mu m oxide isolated 4-GHz bipolar process, had 20 pins, and operated from a single 5-V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In situ TEM studies of micron‐sized all‐solid‐state fluoride ion batteries: Preparation, prospects, and challenges (2016)

Trustworthy preparation and contacting of micron-sized batteries is an essential task to enable reliable in situ TEM studies during electrochemical biasing. Some of the challenges and solutions for the preparation of all-solid-state batteries for in situ TEM electrochemical studies are discussed using an optimized focused ion beam (FIB) approach. In particular redeposition, resistivity, porosity of the electrodes/electrolyte and leakage current are addressed. Overcoming these challenges, an all-solid-state fluoride ion battery has been prepared as a model system for in situ TEM electrochemical biasing studies and first results on a Bi/La0.9 Ba0.1 F2.9 half-cell are presented. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:615-624, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transaction-Based Building Controls Framework, Volume 1: Reference Guide (2014)

This document proposes a framework concept to achieve the objectives of raising buildings’ efficiency and energy savings potential benefitting building owners and operators. We call it a transaction-based framework, wherein mutually-beneficial and cost-effective market-based transactions can be enabled between multiple players across different domains. Transaction-based building controls are one part of the transactional energy framework. While these controls realize benefits by enabling automatic, market-based intra-building efficiency optimizations, the transactional energy framework provides similar benefits using the same market -based structure, yet on a larger scale and beyond just buildings, to the society at large.