gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compiling and optimizing for decoupled architectures (1995)

Decoupled architectures provide a key to the problem of sustained supercomputer performance through their ability to hide large memory latencies. When a program executes in a decoupled mode the perceived memory latency at the processor is zero; effectively the entire physical memory has an access time equivalent to the processor's register file, and latency is completely hidden. However, the asynchronous functional units within a decoupled architecture must occasionally synchronize, incurring a high penalty. The goal of compiling and optimizing for decoupled architectures is to partition the program between the asynchronous functional units in such a way that latencies are hidden but synchronization events are executed infrequently. This paper describes a model for decoupled compilation, and explains the effectiveness of compilation for decoupled systems. A number of new compiler optimizations are introduced and evaluated quantitatively using the Perfect Club scientific benchmarks. We show that with a suitable repertiore of optimizations, it is possible to hide large latencies most of the time for most of the programs in the Perfect Club.
CELL LINES USED IN PROSTATE CANCER RESEARCH: A COMPENDIUM OF OLD AND NEW LINES—PART 2 (2005)

This compendium of cell lines currently used in PCa research combined with access to our on-line database provides researchers with a continually updated and valuable resource for investigating the molecular mechanisms of PCa.
Autonomous Navigation of Global Positioning System Satellites Using Cross-Link Measurements (1998)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Block IIR satellites, which will replace the current Block II/IIA satellites, will have satellite-to-satellite communication capabilities that will allow intersatellite ranging between the Block IIR satellites. The cross-link pseudorange measurements will be used by onboard computers to update the stored navigation messages, which are based on trajectories predicted over an extended period of time, by ground-based processing of tracking data. During normal operations, the cross-link pseudorange measurements will provideimproved satellite states, which then can be broadcast to theusers. One oftheerrorsourcesin the updated navigation messages, which cannot be corrected by cross-link measurements, is found in the Earth orientation parameter (EOP) errors. As a consequence, as the age of the Earth rotation parameter increases, the performance of the autonomous navigation system will degrade. The effect of this error source on the Block II GPS autonomous navigation accuracy is described. This work is based on simulated cross-link pseudorange measurements. Realistic force, measurement, and reference frame models are used in the analysis to account for additional major error sources. Cross-link measurementsfora period of oneday, generated at the end ofeach of three different prediction intervals, are used to update the predicted trajectory. The estimated solutions then are compared to true solutions to evaluate the effect of prediction errors. With the current EOP prediction errors, the user range errors (URE), computed from improved trajectories and clock differences for a 90-day prediction, exceed 9 m, and for a 180-day prediction, they exceed 17 m. Finally, results of processing measurements from ground stations, instead of cross links, are discussed wherein the URE for the 180-day prediction case are shown to be about 3.1 m.
Determinants of Lesion Size During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: The Role of Electrode‐Tissue Contact Pressure and Duration of Energy Delivery (1991)

Determinants of Radiofrequency Lesion Size. Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a promising modality in the management of cardiac arrhythmias, but the optimum protocol for energy delivery has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying electrode‐tissue contact pressure and varying duration of RF energy delivery on the size of the resultant lesion in an in vitro model of isolated perfused and superfused canine myocardium. Methods and Results: RF power (500 kHz) was delivered through the tip of a specially‐designed thermistor‐tipped 1.6‐mm diameter electrode mounted on an adjustable fulcrum so that contact force could be varied. RF power was adjusted to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature of 80°C during lesion production. Seventy‐nine lesions were created with a 90‐second RF energy delivery, and a contact force that was varied between 0 and 400 newtons (N) (0‐41 g). Lesions produced with a small contact force (10 N) were significantly larger than those with a contact force of zero (width 5.5 mm vs 3.8 mm, P <0.0002), but not significantly different from those produced with the maximum contact force of 400 N (width 6.5 mm, P = NS). However, the greater contact force significantly decreased the power required to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature. Ninety‐six lesions were then created using a constant contact force, but duration of energy delivery was varied from 10 to 600 seconds. Lesion size grew monoexponentially with time. The t 1/2 of lesion growth was 7.6 and 9.6 seconds for depth and width, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, close electrode‐tissue contact is essential for adequate lesion formation during RF ablation of myocardium, but increasing contact force does not significantly increase lesion size if power is adjusted to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature. In order to approach steady‐state and maximize lesion size, duration of RF energy delivery should be at least 40 seconds.
Cytokeratin 18 is a specific marker of bovine intestinal M cell (2010)

Microfold (M) cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer's patches have an important role in mucosal immune responses. A primary difficulty for investigations of bovine M cells is the lack of a specific molecular marker. To identify such a marker, we investigated the expression of several kinds of intermediate filament proteins using calf Peyer's patches. The expression patterns of cytokeratin (CK) 18 in jejunal and ileal FAE were very similar to the localization pattern of M cells recognized by scanning electron microscopy. Mirror sections revealed that jejunal CK18-positive cells had irregular and sparse microvilli, as well as pocket-like structures containing lymphocytes, typical morphological characteristic of M cells. However, CK18-negative cells had regular and dense microvilli on their surface, typical of the morphology of enterocytes. In contrast, CK20 immunoreactivity was detected in almost all villous epithelial cells and CK18-negative cells in the FAE. CK18-positive proliferating transit-amplifying cells in the crypt exchanged CK18 for CK20 above the mouth of the crypt and after moving to the villi; however, CK18-positive M cells in the crypt continued their expression of CK18 during movement to the FAE region. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated deoxyuridine-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling-positive apoptotic cells were specifically detected at the apical region of villi and FAE in the jejunum and ileum, and all were also stained for CK20. These data indicate that CK18 may be a molecular marker for bovine M cells in FAE and that M cells may transdifferentiate to CK20-positive enterocytes and die by apoptosis in the apex of the FAE.
Integrated flue gas treatment condensing heat exchanger for pollution control (1994)

Condensing heat exchangers recover both sensible and latent heat from flue gases. Using Teflon{reg_sign} to cover the heat exchanger tubes and inside surfaces that are exposed to the flue gas ensures adequate material lifetime in the corrosive environment encountered when the flue gas temperature drops below the acid dew point. A recent design improvement, called the integrated flue gas treatment (IFGT) concept, offers the ability to remove pollutants from the flue gas, as well as recover waste heat. It has been shown to remove SO{sub 2}, SO{sub 3}, particulates, and trace emissions. Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) is undertaking an extensive program to optimize this technology for a variety of flue gas applications. This paper summarizes the current status of IFGT technology and the development activities that are in progress.
Characterization of the promoter region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. (1991)

To identify the transcription regulatory elements of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, DNA fragments located in the 5'-upstream region were fused with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and transfected into various cell lines to test for promoter activity. The results of these studies suggested that there were at least two positive and one negative cisacting elements involved in CFTR transcription initiation. One of them was a proximal, positive element delimited by the 5' deletion constructs -226 base parts upstream of the transcription start site. This minimal promoter sequence (-226 to +98) alone seemed to be sufficient to direct cell-specific CAT expression. The sequences immediately upstream of -227, on the other hand, appeared to contain a negative regulatory element; inclusion of this sequence with the proximal element (e.g. a construct containing sequences -345 to +98) rendered the CFTR promoter inactive. This negative regulatory element could also suppress the activity of a heterologous promoter. In addition, the DNA transfection study suggested the existence of another positive regulatory element outside the CFTR promoter region examined, as the inability of this region (e.g. -658 to +98) to function in a CAT assay could be overcome by the presence of a viral enhancer element.
Atomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiO[sub 2] Low Temperature Epitaxy of Rutile and Anatase (2000)

This study demonstrates that atomic layer chemical vapor deposition is an excellent technique for growing epitaxial thin films at low temperatures. Using and as precursors, both the rutile and anatase phases could be deposited. Anatase is invariably obtained at lower deposition temperatures, but the temperature of the anatase/rutile phase boundary is affected by the substrate material chosen. Phase‐pure rutile was obtained down to 275°C on (0 1 2), while phase‐pure anatase was obtained up to 375°C on MgO (0 0 1). The rutile phase was found to grow epitaxially on both (0 1 2) and (0 0 1) substrates with the in‐plane orientational relationships ; and , and , respectively. The anatase phase was found to grow epitaxially on MgO (0 0 1) with the in‐plane orientational relationships and . The φ scan X‐ray diffraction measurements verified that epitaxy was still obtained at a deposition temperature of 375°C. This deposition temperature is considerable lower than those commonly applied to realize heteroepitaxy of titanium oxide films. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Secure message authentication using true random number generator based on Signcryption scheme using ECC (2012)

In Public key cryptography a message is sent after applying the digital signature and encryption techniques by the sender. These techniques are used so that the message properties such as confidentiality, integrity and unforgeability are maintained and the non-repudiation can be ensured at the receiving end. The digital signatures and encryption mechanisms can be combined to form a single logical step called Signcryption. In this paper a Signcryption scheme is suggested which is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with an authentication technique of generating true random number from image for the authenticity of the valid message. The scheme provides additional security and authentication features which include the property of forward secrecy, public verifiability authenticity and counter steps. The proposed scheme provides better performance aspect for the security feature provided; compared to the traditional Signature-then-Encryption schemes based on ECC.
Exploring meaning of the context into the educational game (2009)

The purpose of this study is to consider a line of context into the game-based learning. By reason of that, in this study this system of the roles into interaction game, both variable and flexible, will be considered in terms of what it means and what it takes however, beyond certain reasons, it does not change applicably with the place under the category of players. Therefore, it is obvious that more systems above-mentioned need to be developed on the knowledge-based environment by using educational games as well as assigning the roles of them.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Promotes Apoptosis in Human Breast Epithelial × Breast Cancer Hybrids, but Not in Parental Cells (2016)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the group of pathogen recognition receptors known to play a crucial role in the innate immune system. In cancer, TLR expression is still debated controversially due to contradictory results reporting that both induction of apoptosis as well as tumor progression could depend on TLR signaling, whereby recent data rather indicate a pro-tumorigenic effect. The biological phenomenon of cell fusion has been associated with cancer progression due to findings revealing that fusion-derived hybrid cells could exhibit properties like an increased metastatogenic capacity and an increased drug resistance. Thus, M13MDA435 hybrid cell lines, which derived from spontaneous fusion events between human M13SV1-EGFP-Neo breast epithelial cells and human MDA-MB-435-Hyg breast cancer cells, were investigated. Cultivation of cells in the presence of the TLR4 ligand LPS potently induced apoptosis in all hybrid clones, but not in parental cells, which was most likely attributed to differential kinetics of the TLR4 signal transduction cascade. Activation of this pathway concomitant with NF-κB nuclear translocation and TNF-α expression was solely observed in hybrid cells. However, induction of LPS mediated apoptosis was not TNF-α dependent since TNF-α neutralization was not correlated to a decreased amount of dead cells. In addition to TNF-α, LPS also caused IFN-β expression in hybrid clones 1 and 3. Interestingly, hybrid clones differ in the mode of LPS induced apoptosis. While neutralization of IFN-β was sufficient to impair the LPS induced apoptosis in M13MDA435-1 and -3 hybrids, the amount of apoptotic M13MDA435-2 and -4 hybrid cells remained unchanged in the presence of neutralizing IFN-β antibodies. In summary, the fusion of non-LPS susceptible parental human breast epithelial cells and human breast cancer cells gave rise to LPS susceptible hybrid cells, which is in view with the cell fusion hypothesis that hybrid cells could exhibit novel properties.
Formation of nucleophosmin/B23 oligomers requires both the amino‐and the carboxyl‐terminal domains of the protein (1991)

Nucleophosmin/B23 is a nucleolar phosphoprotein which forms oligomers. To determine the domain essential for oligomer formation, various deletion and point mutation clones of nucleophosmin/B23 were constructed. Nucleophosmin/B23 and the mutant proteins were produced by (a) coupled in vitro transcription and translation and (b) expression in Escherichia coli with T7 RNA polymerase expression vector (pET-8c). Nucleophosmin/B23 synthesized in vitro has the same peptide map as that synthesized in HeLa cells. Similarly, it formed oligomers which could be detected in SDS/PAGE and were cross-linked with nitrogen mustard in vivo. Substitution of Met5, Met7, and Met9 with Leu or deletion of five amino acids at the C-terminus abolished the oligomerization. Deletion of portions of amino acids in the middle of the molecule (amino acid residues 83-152, 117-186 and 185-240) had little effect on the oligomerization. Co-expression of the N- and C-terminal mutant clones in vitro did not produce oligomers. These results indicate that intra-molecular interactions with both the N- and C-terminal domains are essential for oligomer formation.
A method of digital map construction with road feature extraction using 2-dimensional laser range finder (2015)

These days, robust autonomous navigation incorporates the information on the digital map including variety of road features such as position of lane markings, road boundaries and etc. In this study, a method of extracting road features are developed using two dimensional laser range finder (LRF). In particular, range measurements are employed to identify the road surface using split and merge method. In addition, the reflectivity measurements are used to identify lane markings on the road surface. Finally a digital map of road surface is constructed which is useful for robust autonomous navigation. The proposed method is verified using experimental LRF data measured on the road environments.
5 V-to-75 V CMOS output interface circuits (1993)

A family of CMOS low- to high-voltage output interface circuits based on a standard, unmodified low-voltage CMOS technology is described. Using only thin-oxide high-voltage (HV) devices with reduced V/sub GS/ (gate-to-source voltage) swing, it makes use of level-shift techniques to meet the constraints on the gate control signals. These static circuits permit the full output voltage swing of V/sub DDH/, while keeping the V/sub GS/ swing of the output devices within the safety limits, including during HV supply transients. Using a standard 2- mu m n-well CMOS technology, reliable, reproducible V/sub DS/ breakdown voltages as high as 120 V and 80 V have been obtained for HV-nMOS and HV-pMOS devices, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Strains of the Genus <i>Exiguobacterium</i> (2014)

High-quality draft genome sequences were determined for 10 Exiguobacterium strains in order to provide insight into their evolutionary strategies for speciation and environmental adaptation. The selected genomes include psychrotrophic and thermophilic species from a range of habitats, which will allow for a comparison of metabolic pathways and stress response genes.
Application of ceramic piezoelectric device to audio speaker (2008)

This paper describes a new flat-panel type ceramic piezoelectric transducer for audio speakers. The proposed transducer offers a simple configuration compared to a conventional magnetically actuated transducer. The drawbacks of piezoelectric actuated transducers are: (P1)..Impedance matching problem due to piezoelectric transducer; (P2) Resonance frequency problem caused by stiffness of piezoelectric transducer; (P3) Directivity problem caused by shape of panel; (P4) Amplitude problem caused by small piezoelectric vibration amplitudes. To solve (P1) and (P2), we newly developed a low frequency boost filter based on an LC resonance circuit. To solve (P3), to improve the directivity of the proposed transducer, we are actuated and measured various transducer arrangements and types of vibration plate. To solve (P4), we developed a new voltage based BTL amplifier which is suitable for piezoelectric actuators. We verified the validity of the proposed transducer by the frequency domain of white noise.
A New Strategy for Solid‐Phase Synthesis of <i>O</i>‐Glycopeptides (1992)

By direct glycoside synthesis, activated glycosyl amino acids are accessible. They can be utilized in the solid-phase synthesis for the preparation of glycopeptides with 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-galactose residues. The transformation into the acetamido derivatives and the subsequent deblocking occur on the polymeric support. This method is quite powerful, as the synthesis of the pentaglycosidated octapeptide shown below proves.
[Current developments in the laboratory diagnosis of rubella]. (1997)

Thirty years after the introduction of the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI), laboratory diagnosis of rubella virus infection has achieved a high reliability. While the HAI remains the reference standard against which newer assays are compared, routine laboratory diagnosis is based mainly on ELISA tests which permit a more rapid and less cumbersome detection of specific IgG and IgM antibody. Although quantification of immunoglobulin G against rubella virus is performed using WHO standards, the correlation between different ELISAs is relatively poor. Despite substantial improvements in virus isolation and nucleic acid amplification techniques, serology remains the mainstay of diagnosis for both acquired and postnatal diagnosis of congenital infection. Differentiation between primary and re-infection is of critical importance during pregnancy and can be achieved relatively reliably by antibody avidity determination or by immunoblot. While current anti-rubella IgM ELISAs are relatively sensitive, their specificity may be limited by cross reactivity with other viruses, i.e. parvovirus B19 and Epstein-Barr virus. Maternal reinfection with congenital rubella syndrome is very rare, however it may be misdiagnosed in the absence of significant IgG antibody titer change and/or IgM antibody.
Physical properties of polymeric gels (1996)

Semi-Dilute Polymer Solutions (J. Joanny). Properties of Polyelectrolyte Gels (U. Schroder W. Oppermann). NMR and Statistical Structures of Gels (J. Cohen Addad). Sol-Gel Transition (M. Adam D. Lairez). Structure of Gels as Investigated by Means of Static Scattering Techniques (J. Bastide S. Candau). Appendix. Index.
Low-Complexity Topological Derivative-Based Segmentation (2014)

Topological derivative has been employed for image segmentation and restoration. The topological derivative-based segmentation uses two sparse matrices, and the computational complexity of the segmentation grows up dramatically as the image size increases due to the size of the sparse matrix. Therefore, to provide a fast and accurate segmentation with low complexity, an effective scheme is proposed with keeping the same segmentation performance. To further reduce the computational complexity, the parallel processing structure for the proposed scheme is designed and implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU). In particular, to reduce the computational cost of generating and multiplying sparse matrices that are squared symmetric, the 2D filters consisting of the coefficients at nonborder regions of sparse matrices are defined, and the multiplication is converted into a convolution filtering. In addition, to design a parallel processing for the segmentation with the proposed scheme on a GPU, an image is divided into several blocks and they are processed in parallel. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme for topological derivative-based segmentation reduces the computational complexity ~ 908 times, and the complexity of the proposed scheme is reduced ~ 17 times more from the parallel structure. In particular, the higher efficiency can be obtained from large sized images because the complexity of the proposed scheme does not depend on the image size. Moreover, the proposed scheme can provide almost identical segmentation result with the original sparse matrix-based approach. Therefore, we believe that the proposed scheme can be a useful tool for efficient topological derivative-based segmentation.