gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex detection and identification of proteins on a PVDF membrane blocked with a synthetic polymer‐based reagent (2008)

2-DE is one of the most powerful methods for analyzing proteins expressed in cells and tissues. Immunodetection of proteins blotted on a polymer membrane is the method of choice for detecting specific proteins in 2-D gels. To precisely locate spots of immunoreactive proteins in 2-D gels, both dye staining and immunodetection were performed on the same PVDF membrane. Prior to immunodetection, nonspecific adsorption of the antibodies to the membrane was blocked with a synthetic polymer-based reagent (N-102) after protein transfer. The protein was then stained with colloidal gold or CBB followed by protein spot identification by LC-MS. Described herein is a method for multiplex analysis of proteins transferred to a PVDF membrane. Proteins that were phosphorylated at tyrosine in the phosphoproteome of rice callus or human ovarian cancer cells were detected by immunoblotting and subsequently identified with high precision.
Stabilisation of heterodyne receiver sensitivity with automatic polarisation control system (1986)

A low-insertion-loss automatic optical fibre polarisation control system with low driving voltage and low monitoring power has achieved stabilisation of the receiver sensitivity within the fluctuation range of less than 0.4 dB in an optical FSK heterodyne 280 Mbit/s, 141 km transmission experiment.
Comparison of Two D−A Type Polymers with Each Being Fluorinated on D and A Unit for High Performance Solar Cells (2014)

For the purpose of investigating the effect of fluorination position on D−A type conjugated polymer on photophysical and photovoltaic properties, two types of fluorinated polymere are synthesized, HF with fluorination on electron‐donating unit and FH with fluorination on electron‐accepting unit. Compared to non‐fluorinated polymer, fluorinated polymers exhibit deeper HOMO energy levels without change of bandgap and stronger vibronic shoulder in UV−visible absorption, indicating that fluorination enhances intermolecular interaction. HF with fluorinated D unit exhibits well‐developed fibril network, low bimolecular recombination and high hole mobility, which lead a high PCE of 7.10% in conventional single‐junction solar cells, which is higher than the PCE (6.41%) of FH with fluorinated A unit. Therefore, this result demonstrates that fluorination on electron‐donating unit in D−A polymers could be a promising strategy for achieving high performance polymer solar cells.
Drug pH-Sensitive Release in Vitro and Targeting Ability of Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Complexes for Tumor Cells (2011)

Recently, dendrimers have been widely used in medical applications such as drug delivery and gene transfection. In this study, a pH-sensitive diblock copolymer of poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) (PSD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified by lactose (LA-PEG-b-PSD) was synthesized. The pK(a) value of the LA-PEG-b-PSD was also measured. Then, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) complexes were prepared with PAMAM (G4.0) and LA-PEG-b-PSD by electrostatic interaction. To investigate drug pH-sensitive release in vitro, doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in PAMAM. A higher drug cumulative release from LA-PEG-b-PSD/PAMAM complexes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was found at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.4. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of PAMAM complexes were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and confocal microscopy. LA-PEG-b-PSD/PAMAM/DOX complexes were able to enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX against HepG2 cells at pH 7.4. Confocal microscopy showed a higher cellular uptake of PEG-b-PSD/PAMAM complexes at pH 6.5. PAMAM complexes modified by lactose showed a higher affinity for hepatic cancer cells than those without lactose at pH 7.4. These results suggest that LA-PEG-b-PSD/PAMAM complexes exhibit selective targeting and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. In vivo antitumor studies showed that the LA-PEG-b-PSD/PAMAM/DOX complexes displayed higher antitumor efficacy compared with non-targeted PAMAM/DOX and DOX solution. These results indicate that this strategy should be applicable to the treatment of liver cancers.
Evaluating security and privacy in cloud computing services: A Stakeholder's perspective (2012)

The cloud computing paradigm is now adopted in many organizations in various fields because of its low cost, high availability and scalability features. Healthcare, education, business, and many other domains look at cloud computing as an endeavor to solve the continuous shortage in volume, infrastructure, accessibility, and monitoring potency. However, moving data to the cloud implies shifting control of the customer's data to the cloud service provider indefinitely. Hence, the security and privacy of the customer's information becomes an important issue. Being an emerging field, there is a lack of experience in cloud security and lack of consensus on security and privacy. Assessing and comparing among potential cloud computing services, poses an issue for novice customers interested to move their work to the cloud to choose security options that are sufficient and robust at the same time. This paper attempts to identify and categorize a list of attributes which reflect the various aspects of cloud security and privacy. These attributes can be used to assess and compare cloud computing services so that consumers can make well educated choices. Cloud service providers can use them to build and/or offer better cloud solutions.
Simulation of FEC-based error control for packet audio on the Internet (2002)

Real-time audio over a best-effort network, such as the Internet, frequently suffers from packet loss. To mitigate the impact of such packet loss, several research efforts and implementation studies advocate the use of forward error correction (FEC) coding. Although these prior works have pioneered promising and novel applications of FEC to Internet audio, they do not definitively demonstrate the advantages of FEC because they do not evaluate aggregate performance that results from multiplexing many like flows. We build on previous landmark works with a systematic study of FEC for packet audio that characterizes the aggregate performance across all audio sources in the network. We refine the novel but ad hoc coding techniques proposed by Hardman, Sasse, Handley and Watson (see Proc. INET, 1995) into a formal framework that we call "signal processing-based FEC" (SFEC) and use our framework to more rigorously evaluate the relative merits of this approach. Through extensive simulation, we evaluate the "scalability" of SFEC for packet audio-i.e., the ability for a coding algorithm to improve aggregate performance when used by all sources in the network-and find that optimal signal quality is achieved when sources react to network congestion not by blindly adding FEC, but rather by adding FEC in a controlled fashion that simultaneously constrains the source-coding rate. As a result, packet loss is mitigated without introducing more congestion, thus admitting a more scalable and effective approach than successively adding redundancy to a constant bit-rate source. While this result may seem intuitive, it has not been previously suggested in the context of Internet audio, and until now, has not been systematically studied.
Aspen Crown Dieback and Mortality on the Williams Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, Arizona (2011)

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii PREFACE ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2: Aspen crown dieback and mortality on the Williams Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, Arizona 3 Introduction 3 Methods 7 Study Area 7 Site Selection 7 Tree Sampling and Measurement 8 Data Analyses 11 Results 14 Predisposing Site and Stand Factors 14 Size Distributions 19 Contributing Damaging Agents 20 Multivariate Models 24 Discussion 26 Overstory 27 Regeneration 30 Size Distributions 31 Diseases, Insects, and Drought 32 Conclusions and Management Implications 33 Aspen Decline and Sudden Aspen Decline 33 Risk Factors 33 Ungulates and Exclosures 35 References 36 APPENDICES 53
Polymorphism, Principally of the Elements, up to 50,000 kg/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">cm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1935)

A new technique is described by which pressures of 50,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and more may be applied to solids, and the parameters of any transitions measured. A systematic examination has been made for polymorphism of many of the elements in the new pressure range. New modifications are found for Bi, Hg, Tl, Te, Ga, and ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, and the transition parameters measured. A beginning has been made of a systematic study of polymorphism of compounds, and results obtained for KCl, KBr, and KI, which assume at about 20,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ presumably the CsCl type of structure.
Factors affecting the resistance of<i>listeria monocytogenes</i>to high hydrostatic pressure (1995)

Abstract Several factors relevant to food preservation had large effects on the resistance of L. monocytogenes to high hydrostatic pressure. Cells in the stationary phase of growth were much more resistant to pressures above 200MPa than those in the exponential phase. Following treatment for 10 min at 400 MPa viable numbers of stationary phase cells were reduced by only 1.3 log10 units compared with more than 7 log10 units for exponentially growing cells. Stationary phase cells were sensitised to pressure by butylated hydroxyanisole, potassium sorbate and by acid conditions. The most effective sensitiser was BHA which, at 1.55 mM, caused a 104‐fold enhancement of killing by treatment at 300 MPa for 10 min. Propyl hydroxybenzoate, butylated hydroxytoluene and sodium ascorbate were without effect. Xylitol (15%) protected log phase cells against inactivation by pressure: after treatment at 350 MPa for 10 min viable numbers were reduced by only 0.24 log10 units compared with 2.4 log10 units in the absence of xylitol. The physicochemical environment can substantially increase or decrease resistance to pressure and these effects will require quantification if the microbiological effects of pressure are to be predicted.
Wear resistant coatings for reactor components in liquid sodium environments (1974)

Rubbing surfaces of critical components for the coming generation of the nation's liquid–metal-cooled fast-breeder reactors must withstand severe environments of high temperature, liquid–metal corrosion, and nuclear irradiation. For some component requirements, the use of the better known bearing materials and hardfacings has been shown to be inadequate or impractical. For several applications, bulk (&gt; 25-μ thick) coatings have provided the only successful solution to friction problems in high-temperature sodium. Coating processes that have been or are being evaluated include plasma spray, detonation gun, spark-discharge, sputtering, and diffusion coating processes. Testing included friction and wear tests in up to 650 °C sodium, sodium corrosion tests for up to one year, thermal cycling, bond strength tests, and irradiation tests in a fast reactor. For one particularly severe application, a specially modified commercial coating of chromium carbide in a 15 vol% nichrome binder, applied by a commercial detonation gun process, has so far been found to be most acceptable in meeting the friction, corrosion, and irradiation damage criteria. Much of the test data reported is on this coating and its antecedent modifications.
Heat‐Mode Lithography with Dye Deposited Films (1988)

A novel dry etching process is proposed using vacuum deposited dye films. The patterning masks are made of deposited dye film with a laser beam scanning by heat‐mode abrasion. Dye film durability for etching gas plasma is investigated. Etching ratios are as large as that of photo‐polymer. This process proposes new applications of dye deposited films and, simultaneously, the possibility of an all‐dry lithography process by laser beam abrasion.
Fast single image fog removal using edge-preserving smoothing (2011)

Imaging in poor weather is often severely degraded by scattering due to suspended particles in the atmosphere such as haze and fog. In this paper, we propose a novel fast defogging method from a single image of a scene based on the atmospheric scattering model. In the inference process of the atmospheric veil, the coarser estimate is refined using a fast edge-preserving smoothing approach. The complexity of the proposed method is only a linear function of the number of image pixels and this thus allows a very fast implementation. Results on a variety of outdoor foggy images demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good restoration for contrast and color fidelity resulting in a great improvement in image visibility.
Practical Online Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Apparent Series Resistance for Mild Hybrid Vehicles (2015)

In hybrid vehicles, lithium-ion cells constituting a battery pack are frequently used to provide and recover high power to assist the vehicle's internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrain. This usage is more present in mild hybrid applications where the battery does not have long discharge time. Under such conditions, the pack's series resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> proved to be an important parameter to monitor since its evolution depends on the cell's characteristics (manufacturing tolerance, temperature, etc.). This resistance, which is monitored by the battery management system (BMS), reflecting the available power level in the cell can be used as an indicator to enhance the security of the battery pack. Its evolution can be used to quantify its aging (state of health: SoH). This paper presents an online approach to identify the cell's series resistance based on a direct estimation of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> . This parameter can be usually identified through the voltage drop occurring across the cell caused by a high current variation profile (mild hybrid conditions). These estimated values are then filtered with an “exponential moving average” method to limit the measurement noise effect. This approach provides good results for mild hybrid conditions, while minimizing the computing power required.
Slow Speed Vibration Signal Analysis: If You Can’t Do It Slow, You Can’t Do It Fast (2007)

For many people, the interpretation of vibration signals for a machine at running speed is complicated and foreign, and is considered an art in many circles. Interpreting the rich characteristics of the raw signals during run-up and coast down requires even more skill and experience. For some, interpreting the signals at slow speeds (sometimes called slow roll speeds) is so difficult that the signals are often ignored and discredited as not useful data. This paper will communicate the author’s experience in using this valuable, yet sometimes difficult, data to correlate and corroborate with high-speed data. This data and interpretation are used to understand the dynamic behavior of the machine while the forces on the rotor are driving the response characteristics at run up, full speed and coast down. In the sports arena, good coaches often say that if you cannot execute skills in slow motion, you likely won’t be able to execute them at normal speeds and absolutely not in high-pressure game situations. This is also true for vibration diagnostics: if you don’t do correct slow speed analysis, full speed and transient (startup and coast down) analysis may be misleading or just wrong. In this instance, the analyses and diagnostic calls that were made by using slow speed signal analysis include: Selecting Slow Roll Values, Shaft Surface Quality, Direction of Rotation, Rotor Bow (Gravity), Rotor Bow (Thermal), Locked up Coupling, Non-Concentric Coupling, Reverse Rotation. This paper will describe the methodologies for collecting data and the analysis of the data to make the above calls on specific examples experienced by the author and his colleagues.
Fiber Optic Receiver Preamplifier Design. (1981)

Abstract : This report describes the technical problems associated with the design of wide bandwidth, low noise optical receivers for use within fiber optic communication systems. Noise model analysis is performed for three detection techniques using preamplifiers (resistive loading, transimpedance and high impedance). A Low Noise High Impedance Preamplifier Design is presented as well as a prototype Ultra High Gain Wide-Band Transimpedance Preamplifier. Component values are shown to allow easy implementation of the designs. (Author)
Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non-pharmacological interventions (2013)

There is low quality evidence that acupuncture is no different from placebo acupuncture with regard to dry mouth symptoms, which is the most important outcome. This may be because there were insufficient participants included in the two trials to show a possible effect or it may be that there was some benefit due to 'placebo' acupuncture which could have biased the effect to the null. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of electrostimulation devices on dry mouth symptoms. It is well known that dry mouth symptoms may be problematic even when saliva production is increased, yet only two of the trials that evaluated acupuncture reported dry mouth symptoms, a worrying reporting bias. There is some low quality evidence that acupuncture results in a small increase in saliva production in patients with dry mouth following radiotherapy.There is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of electrostimulation devices on dry mouth symptoms or saliva production in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. Reported adverse effects of acupuncture are mild and of short duration, and there were no reported adverse effects from electrostimulation.
Dynamic Sealing with Magnetic Fluids (1975)

If a lip seal could use a liquid lip, the resulting perfect conformity to the rotating and stationary surfaces would negate the effects of surface finish and mechanical run-out. Magnetic fluids, called ferrofluids, make this type of seal possible and practical. This paper discusses magnetic fluids: what are they, what are their intrinsic properties, and how can they be controlled and positioned to create zero-leakage, nonwearing ferrofluidic seals. Design parameters of ferrofluidic seals including radial gap, differential pressure, rotary speed and torque are developed. Specific examples of hard-vacuum, exclusion and rotating-machinery applications illustrate the versatility of magnetic-liquid seals, which have been used primarily for gas service. Other potential seal applications include packings, face seals, and conventional lip seals which can benefit from use of newly developed magnetic-fluid lubricants.
A pragmatic basis for the formal development of distributed systems (1993)

We present a basis for the formal specification and stepwise development of distributed systems, i.e. programs which are intended (at least conceptually) to run on distributed-memory parallel machines which communicate via synchronized message-passing. Our approach was motivated by the need for a practicable formal complement to the informal bubbles and arrows reasoning which is typically used by those who develop such programs for real parallel machines. The approach extends the sequential refinement calculus to allow the introduction of CSP-style concurrency. This extension is achieved by augmenting the language of the sequential calculus with appropriate parallel constructs and by replacing the underlying weakest precondition semantics with an extended failures-divergences semantics originally used to give a denotational semantics to occam. The resulting calculus maintains the laws of the original sequential calculus while allowing the seamless introduction of concurrency. >
Novelty detection and neural network validation (1994)

One of the key factors which limits the use of neural networks in many industrial applications has been the difficulty of demonstrating that a trained network will continue to generate reliable outputs once it is in routine use. An important potential source of errors is novel input data; that is, input data which differ significantly from the data used to train the network. The author investigates the relationship between the degree of novelty of input data and the corresponding reliability of the outputs from the network. He describes a quantitative procedure for assessing novelty, and demonstrates its performance by using an application which involves monitoring oil flow in multiphase pipelines.
Amphotericin B Irrigation for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study (2008)

Our results showed that AMB irrigation improved symptoms and endoscopic scores but did not show superiority to saline irrigation alone in patients who have CRSsNP.
Central nervous system stimulant actions of Alpinia galanga (L.) rhizome: a preliminary study. (2013)

Methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of A. galanga showed significant central nervous system (CNS) stimulant activity in mice using actophotometer and rotarod test. CNS stimulation at a dose of 500 mg/kg was comparable with standard drugs caffeine and amphetamine derivative modalart. The extracts did not shown any depressant effect in forced swim or tail suspension tests. It can be concluded that A. galanga rhizome may have stimulant activity in mice and the active constituents responsible for this effect is present both in crude methanolic extract as well as in ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of this plant species.
Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

Focal point-by-point radiofrequency catheter ablation has shown considerable success in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. However, it is not without limitations. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that cryothermal ablation using a balloon catheter (Artic Front©, Medtronic CryoCath LP) provides an effective alternative strategy to treating atrial fibrillation. The objective of this article is to review efficacy and safety data surrounding cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. In addition, a practical step-by-step approach to cryoballoon ablation is presented, while highlighting relevant literature regarding: 1) the rationale for adjunctive imaging, 2) selection of an appropriate cryoballoon size, 3) predictors of efficacy, 4) advanced trouble-shooting techniques, and 5) strategies to reduce procedural complications, such as phrenic nerve palsy.
Adiponectin in a Native Canadian Population Experiencing Rapid Epidemiological Transition (2003)

These population-based findings support the hypothesis that low circulating levels of adiponectin are an important determinant of risk of CVD.