gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Distortion Wideband Delta-Sigma ADCs With Shifted Loop Delays (2014)

This paper presents several novel low-power low-distortion ΔΣ modulator topologies with shifted loop delays. Both single-sampled and double-sampled modulators are discussed. The proposed architectures can relax the critical timing for quantization and for dynamic element matching. A delay-free integrator in the last stage is used to perform the active summation, hence eliminating the active adder. The reduced input swing of the last integrator relaxes the OTA's requirements. The proposed topology simplifies the feed-forward paths, and saves power consumption and capacitor area. Noise-coupled technique can also be utilized to enhance the noise shaping. To verify the effect of the proposed topology, single- and double-sampled third-order ΔΣ modulators with and without noise coupling were analyzed and simulated.
Transport characterization of calcium-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (1995)

We report systematic studies of the normal-state conductivity and thermopower of epitaxial ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ thin films with 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.3 as a function of oxygen content. The superconducting transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is found to be parabolic in conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma} for each sample, with a universal scaling behavior for all films with x\ensuremath{\le}0.2. The room-temperature thermopower, ${\mathit{S}}_{295\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}$, follows the universal correlation between ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and ${\mathit{S}}_{295\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}$ reported by S. D. Obertelli et al. [Phys. Rev. B 46, 14 928 (1992)] for all films studied, despite the reduction in maximum ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ with increasing calcium content. The thermopower is found to be superior to the conductivity as a measure of the hole concentration because of its reduced sensitivity to extrinsic contributions such as grain boundaries. By assuming that all the charge from oxygen deficiencies and Ca substitution is transferred to the Cu-O planes, and by using Obertelli's empirically-derived expression for hole concentration, we show that ${\mathit{S}}_{295\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}$ can be used to determine the oxygen content of the films. The equilibrium oxygen content is found to be reduced to compensate for the additional carriers introduced by Ca substitution in these films, just as has been previously observed in bulk ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$.
The Role of KCNMB1 and BK Channels in Myofibroblast Differentiation and Pulmonary Fibrosis (2019)

The differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is critical for the development of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Previously, we demonstrated that fibroblasts from patients with IPF exhibit changes in DNA methylation across the genome that contribute to a profibrotic phenotype. One of the top differentially methylated genes identified in our previous study was <i>KCNMB1</i>, which codes for the β subunit of the large-conductance potassium (BK, also known as MaxiK or K<sub>Ca</sub>1.1) channel. Here, we examined how the expression of <i>KCNMB1</i> differed between IPF fibroblasts and normal cells, and how BK channels affected myofibroblast differentiation. Fibroblasts from patients with IPF exhibited increased expression of <i>KCNMB1</i>, which corresponded to increased DNA methylation within the gene body. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that IPF fibroblasts had increased BK channel activity. Knockdown of <i>KCNMB1</i> attenuated the ability of fibroblasts to contract collagen gels, and this was associated with a loss of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression. Pharmacologic activation of BK channels stimulated α-SMA expression, whereas BK channel inhibitors blocked the upregulation of α-SMA. The ability of BK channels to enhance α-SMA expression was dependent on intracellular calcium, as activation of BK channels resulted in increased levels of intracellular calcium and the effects of BK agonists were abolished when calcium was removed. Together, our findings demonstrate that epigenetic upregulation of <i>KCNMB1</i> contributes to increased BK channel activity in IPF fibroblasts, and identify a newfound role for BK channels in myofibroblast differentiation.
En hållbar lösning på dubbelbestraffningsfrågan? - en kommentar till RIS-utredningens förslag rörande förbudet mot dubbla förfaranden (2014)

En hallbar losning pa dubbelbestraffningsfragan? - en kommentar till RIS-utredningens forslag rorande forbudet mot dubbla forfaranden
Enhancement of host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C (1982)

Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) ty pe C enhanced the susceptibility of rabbits to lethal shock by endotoxin by as much as 50,000-fold. A graph of log PE type C dose used for pretreatment versus log 50% lethal dose of endotoxin gave a straight line with a slope of approximately -1. Rabbits that received PE type C alone showed fevers only, but those given both PE ty pe C and endotoxin showed initial fever followed by hypothermia, labored breathing, diarrhea, evidence of vascular collapse, and finally death. When a PE type C dose of 3 micrograms/kg was used, pretreatment of the animals with PE for 2 h before giving the endotoxin was required to obtain maximal susceptibility. However, when 15 micrograms of PE type C per kg was utilized, the endotoxin could be given before, concurrently, or after PE type C. The capacity of PE type C to prepare rabbits for enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin was lost after 24 to 48 h. Animals could be protected from enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin by prior immunization with either PE type C or endotoxin. However, 30% of the rabbits which were immunized with PE type C failed to develop immunity, and after three injections of PE type C, these animals developed gram-negative bacteremia and succumbed. In addition, rabbits with diarrhea initially, possibly caused by Pasteurella infection, died less than 24 h after a single injection of PE type C.
Age-dependent effects of muscle vibration and the Jendrassik maneuver on the patellar tendon reflex response (1996)

These results support the hypothesis that inhibitory and excitatory influences acting on the alpha motoneuron pool are different in young and older adults.
Characterization and modelling of thin-film ferroelectric capacitors using C-V analysis (1992)

Advances have been made in the electronic characterization and analysis of thin-film ferroelectric (FE) memory capacitors using capacitance vs. voltage (C-V) measurements. A mathematical model of the small-signal electrical behavior of the FE capacitor has been developed. This analysis shows that the small-signal characteristics of the FE capacitor are largely determined by the space charge concentrations at the ferroelectric to contact interface. These space charge regions have an adverse effect on the permittivity, coercivity and switching characteristics of the ferroelectric capacitor. These results will contribute to improving ferroelectric processing, appraising the quality of ferroelectric devices, and developing device models of the ferroelectric memory capacitors for use in circuit design.
Optimization of pinhole SPECT calibration (2004)

Previously, we developed a method to determine the acquisition geometry of a pinhole camera. This information is needed for the correct reconstruction of pinhole SPECT images. The method uses a calibration phantom consisting of three point sources. Their positions in the field of view influence the accuracy of the geometry estimate. This study proposes a specific configuration of point sources with a specific position in the field of view for optimal image reconstruction accuracy. For the proposed calibration setup, inaccuracies of the geometry estimate due to noise in the calibration data, only cause subresolution inaccuracies in reconstructed images. Further, the calibration method uses a model of the point source configuration, which is only known with limited accuracy. The study demonstrates however, that, with the proposed calibration setup, the error in reconstructed images is comparable to the error in the phantom model.
Defence against allergic sensitization in the healthy lung: the role of inhalation tolerance (1989)

Experimental animal studies indicate that under normal steady-state conditions, initial encounters with non-pathogenic antigens (i.e. inert proteins, such as pollens) do not trigger immune responses, but instead activate antigen-specific suppressor T cells which protect against subsequent allergic sensitization by inducing a state of immunological tolerance towards the inhaled antigen. This inhalation tolerance phenomenon appears analogous to the more familiar process of oral tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract, and is proposed to serve as the 'last line of defence' against sensitization to aero-allergens which have evaded other levels of containment in the respiratory tract. It is postulated that this tolerance process plays a similar protective role in man, as the final component of a multi-layer defence system centering upon the respiratory epithelium. Recent findings which indicate that both oral and inhalation tolerance mechanisms are relatively slow to develop postnatally, provides a possible basis for the increased risk of allergic sensitization recognized in infancy.
Adoptive cellular therapy in solid tumor malignancies: review of the literature and challenges ahead (2021)

While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered in major changes in standards of care for many solid tumor malignancies, primary and acquired resistance is common. Insufficient antitumor T cells, inadequate function of these cells, and impaired formation of memory T cells all contribute to resistance mechanisms to ICI. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a form of immunotherapy that is rapidly growing in clinical investigation and has the potential to overcome these limitations by its ability to augment the number, specificity, and reactivity of T cells against tumor tissue. ACT has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, though the use of ACT in solid tumor malignancies is still in its early stages. There are currently three major modalities of ACT: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. TIL therapy involves expansion of a heterogeneous population of endogenous T cells found in a harvested tumor, while TCRs and CAR T cells involve expansion of a genetically engineered T-cell directed toward specific antigen targets. In this review, we explore the potential of ACT as a treatment modality against solid tumors, discuss their advantages and limitations against solid tumor malignancies, discuss the promising therapies under active investigation, and examine future directions for this rapidly growing field.
Feature combination and stacking of recurrent and non-recurrent neural networks for LVCSR (2013)

This paper investigates the combination of different short-term features and the combination of recurrent and non-recurrent neural networks (NNs) on a Spanish speech recognition task. Several methods exist to combine different feature sets such as concatenation or linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Even though all these techniques achieve reasonable improvements, feature combination by multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) outperforms all known approaches. We develop the concept of MLP based feature combination further using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The phoneme posterior estimates derived from an RNN lead to a significant improvement over the result of the MLPs and achieve a 5% relative better word error rate (WER) with much less parameters. Moreover, we improve the system performance further by combining an MLP and an RNN in a hierarchical framework. The MLP benefits from the preprocessing of the RNN. All NNs are trained on phonemes. Nevertheless, the same concepts could be applied using context-dependent states. In addition to the improvements in recognition performance w.r.t. WER, NN based feature combination methods reduce both, the training and the testing complexity. Overall, the systems are based on a single set of acoustic models, together with the training of different NNs.
Wearable Sized Sudorometer and Sweat Measurement (2013)

We developed a wearable sized sudorometer to evaluate sympathetic nerve activity. The base of this device is ventilation capsule type sweating rate detection, and it contains 2 humidity sensors and a pump for ventilation. We also demonstrated sweat measurement. As a result, a remarkable increase in sweating rate after stimulations was detected. I. INTRODUCTION Skin sympathetic nerve controls the rate of sweat production. Quantification of sweat generation rate with a sudorometer is useful to investigate skin sympathetic nerve activity. To realize a long term continuous and location-independent measurement, miniaturization of sudorometer is required. Therefore, we developed a wearable sized sudorometer which base is ventilation capsule type detection. And we also demonstrated sweat detecting tests on 3 healthy adults. As a result, a remarkable increase in sweating rate after 3 types of stimulations was detected.
Voxelized Model of Interstitial Transport in the Rat Spinal Cord Following Direct Infusion Into White Matter (2009)

Direct tissue infusion, e.g., convection-enhanced delivery (CED), is a promising local delivery technique for treating diseases of the central nervous system. Predictive models of spatial drug distribution during and following direct tissue infusion are necessary for treatment optimization and planning of surgery. In this study, a 3D interstitial transport modeling approach in which tissue properties and anatomical boundaries are assigned on a voxel-by-voxel basis using tissue alignment data from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is presented. The modeling approach is semi-automatic and utilizes porous media transport theory to estimate interstitial transport in isotropic and anisotropic tissue regions. Rat spinal cord studies compared predicted distributions of albumin tracer (for varying DTI resolution) following infusion into the dorsal horn with tracer distributions measured by Wood et al. in a previous study. Tissue distribution volumes compared favorably for small infusion volumes (<4 microl). The presented DTI-based methodology provides a rapid means of estimating interstitial flows and tracer distributions following CED into the spinal cord. Quantification of these transport fields provides an important step toward development of drug-specific transport models of infusion.
Research on weighted link based routing protocol for wireless mesh network (2007)

Although wireless mesh network is one of the most hotspots in wireless network field, the routing protocol standardization is still on the way. In this paper, an improved routing protocol based on AODV, MODVWLS, is proposed by using weighted path as routing metric. The weight of each hop, which is composed of node's available bandwidth, buffer queue and throughput, is accumulated, and the path with minimal weight from source to destination is finally used as preferred route. Weight calculation, message formats, route discovering and maintenance process are also introduced. Finally, several simulations are conducted by ns-2, and results show that due to utilizing disengaged nodes sufficiently and balancing network load perfectly, MODVWLS is better than AODV on packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load, so it is more suitable for wireless network.
A Miniaturized, Broadband MMIC Balanced Mixer Module (1990)

This paper describes a miniaturized MMIC balanced mixer module composed of a 4-gate GaAs FET and slotline series T junction, where the combiner and dividers, in phase and out of phase, are unified in the electrode locations of the 4-gate GaAs FET to provide all of the fundamental functions required for a balanced mixer. Using this module, an 8-20GHz balanced mixer is designed and fabricated in a 0.7mm × 1.1mm MMIC chip. This mixer has a conversion loss of 8.5±1.5dB and an LO-RF port isolation of better than 35dB between 8 and 20GHz.
Gamma Knife surgery for invasive pituitary macroadenoma (2006)

Gamma Knife surgery is a safe and effective treatment for invasive pituitary macroadenoma with few complications.
An overview of smart antenna technology and its application to wireless communication systems (2002)

Space is one of the "final frontiers" of next generation wireless communication systems. Large-scale penetration of such such systems into our daily lives will require significant reductions in cost and increases in capacity, benefits proper exploitation of the spatial dimension can offer. That this is certainly the case is attested to by the significant number of companies that have been formed to bring products based on such concepts to the wireless marketplace. The approaches range from "switched-beam" to "fully-adaptive" with the benefits provided by the various approaches differing accordingly. At the fully-adaptive end of the spectrum is spatial division multiple access (SDMA) technology which employs antenna arrays and multi-dimensional nonlinear signal processing techniques to provide significant increases in capacity and quality of many wireless communication systems. SDMA technology is especially well-suited to the deployment of the current and next generation cellular systems, termed the personal communications service (PCS) and the wireless local loop (WLL).
Scheduling heterogeneous multi-cores through Performance Impact Estimation (PIE) (2012)

Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core processors are typically composed of small (e.g., in-order) power-efficient cores and big (e.g., out-of-order) high-performance cores. The effectiveness of heterogeneous multi-cores depends on how well a scheduler can map workloads onto the most appropriate core type. In general, small cores can achieve good performance if the workload inherently has high levels of ILP. On the other hand, big cores provide good performance if the workload exhibits high levels of MLP or requires the ILP to be extracted dynamically. This paper proposes Performance Impact Estimation (PIE) as a mechanism to predict which workload-to-core mapping is likely to provide the best performance. PIE collects CPI stack, MLP and ILP profile information, and estimates performance if the workload were to run on a different core type. Dynamic PIE adjusts the scheduling at runtime and thereby exploits fine-grained time-varying execution behavior. We show that PIE requires limited hardware support and can improve system performance by an average of 5.5% over recent state-of-the-art scheduling proposals and by 8.7% over a sampling-based scheduling policy.
Self-interference cancellation method based on V-BLAST in MIMO systems (2009)

Demands of Wireless repeater which is established, and easy to maintenance and repair are rapidly increased for extension of mobile communication system service [l]. Wireless repeater is amplifying signal that transmitted from base-station and transmit to mobile. This process makes feed-back interference. It eventually occur oscillation. In this paper, we propose feedback interference cancellation method based on V-BLAST in MIMO systems. This method removes the feedback channel using V-BLAST architecture.
Synthesis of Halomethyl and Other Bipyridine Derivatives by Reaction of 4,4‘-Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,2‘-bipyridine with Electrophiles in the Presence of Fluoride Ion (1997)

Bipyridine (bpy) ligands figure prominently in many areas of chemistry. Common precursors to many derivatives are the halomethyl-substituted analogues. This report describes a new, high yield route to these valuable compounds via a trimethylsilyl (TMS) intermediate. 4,4‘-Dimethyl-2,2‘-bpy was reacted with lithium diisopropylamide, and the dianion thus formed was trapped with TMSCl to generate 4,4‘-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,2‘-bpy (1). The TMS group was removed using dry F- sources (TBAF/SiO2 in THF or CsF in DMF) in the presence of BrF2CCF2Br or Cl3CCCl3 to produce the bromide 2 or chloride 3 analogues of 4,4‘-bis(halomethyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine, respectively. The CsF/DMF methodology extends to other electrophiles, including benzaldehyde to give 4,4‘-bis(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-2,2‘-bpy, 6, as well as to alkyl halides. Benzyl Br, dodecyl Br, and α-chloroacetonitrile gave mixtures of di- and monoalkylated products along with the diprotonated product, 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bpy.
A sensitive radioimmunoassay method for urinary kinins in man. (1978)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay method for urinary kinins was developed, which uses antiserum against synthetic bradykinin in combination with labeled tyr8-bradykinin. The assay detects as little as 6 pg per tube of bradykinin. The dose-response curves of bradykinin. lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin), and methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin were almost identical. This suggests that the values estimated with bradykinin as the standard exhibit the total urinary kinins which contain these three peptides. The assay was performed without extraction of urinary samples, since a chromatographic study demonstrated that no interfering substances in urine samples remain in our assay system. The urinary levels of total kinins in 10 normal male subjects, three male patients with chronic renal failure, and 12 male patients with essential hypertension was 37.9 +/- 3.9 microgram/day (mean +/- S.E.M.), 9.0 +/- 5.1 microgram/day, and 24.2 +/- 5.2 microgram/day, respectively.
Political Propaganda (1989)

Politically, the 1970s were enlivened by four general elections, an extensive reorganisation of local government and three potentially momentous referenda.KeywordsEuropean Economic CommunityLabour PartyPolitical PartiSimultaneous TransmissionConservative PartyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Low-temperature synthesis of berlinite-bonded alumina ceramics. (1999)

Alumina ceramics, in which berlinite (aluminum orthophosphate, AlPO{sub 4}) is the bonding phase, were synthesized at 150 C. Differential thermal analysis of a mixture of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} solution indicated that a minimum temperature of 118 C was necessary for a chemical reaction to occur. Therefore, we hydrothermally cured a mixture of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} solution between 130 C and 150 C to form a hard and dense berlinite-bonded alumina ceramic. The intermediate phase of aluminum phosphate hydrate (AlH{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}H{sub 2}O) was also identified. Physical and mechanical properties of this material are discussed.