gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation of Breast Tumor Detection Using Cross-Vivaldi Antenna (2005)

The contrast in dielectric properties between normal breast tissues and malignant tumors is significant. Based on this fact, detection of breast cancer with microwaves has been proposed. Here, a cross-Vivaldi antenna capable of measuring cross-polarization is investigated for tumor detection. Observation of cross-polarized reflections reduces reflections from surfaces such as skin, permitting more reliable detection of small tumors. Simulation results indicate that the antenna has the potential to detect breast tumors using this approach.
The antigenic structure of dengue type 1 virus envelope and NS1 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (1990)

The antigenic structures of the envelope protein, E, and the non-structural protein, NS1, of dengue type 1 virus (DEN1) have been studied in the form of recombinant fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Deletion analysis was used to identify two distinct antigenic domains in E that reacted with subsets of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Domain I of E extends from amino acid residues (aa) 76 to 93 of E; domain II extends from aa 293 to 402 and contains an essential disulphide bridge. MAbs also reacted with several determinants clustered near the N terminus of the NS1 protein (aa 57 to 126). Recombinant fusion proteins containing E. coli trpE sequences and most of the sequences for either E or NS1 were immunogenic in mice. The antibodies elicited by the E fusion protein reacted with a portion of the protein containing domain II, whereas antibodies elicited by the NS1 fusion protein did not react with the antigenic determinants defined by our MAbs.
Instrument for the remote determination of viscosity and density in hostile environments (1992)

A continuous bubble-rise-velocity (BRV) viscometry method was developed for Newtonian fluids which is based upon the remote determination of the rise velocity of a helium bubble. The bubble rise velocity was remotely determined by using a helium-leak detector to measure the rise time of a bubble passing through a constant distance. The density of the fluid was simultaneously obtained from differential pressure measurements in the bubble launch tubes. Empirical equations were developed which allow for calculation of the absolute viscosity and density from several remotely measurable variables: helium gas pressures in the bubble generation and launching system, liquid temperature, and helium concentrations at the liquid/air interface as a function of time. BRV viscometry results for highly viscous liquids (1 Pa s&lt;viscosity &lt;40 Pa s) correlated within ±10% with data obtained with capillary or rotational viscometers. An integrated probe was conceived for the on-line monitoring of viscosity, density, temperature, and liquid level, especially in a hostile environment.
Amniotic Fluid Protein Profiles of Intraamniotic Inflammatory Response to Ureaplasma spp. and Other Bacteria (2013)

The presence of Ureaplasma spp. in the amniotic fluid is associated with a slightly different protein profile of inflammatory response, but the intensity of inflammatory response to Ureaplasma spp. is comparable with the inflammatory response to other bacteria.
Transforming growth factor β1 as a biomarker for prostate cancer (1992)

Using the mouse prostate reconstitution (MPR) model system, under conditions where the ras and myc oncogenes are introduced via a recombinant retrovirus into both the mesenchymal and epithelial compartments of the urogenital sinus, poorly differentiated prostate cancer is produced with high frequency (> 90%) using inbred C57BL/6 mice. Northern blotting and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the transition from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to prostate cancer is invariably associated with the induction of elevated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expression. Similar analysis of TGF-beta 1 in human BPH and prostate cancer is consistent with our MPR results and indicates that the accumulation of extracellular TGF-beta 1 is significantly more intense in prostate cancer compared to normal or benign prostate tissues. Interestingly, where benign pathologies are observed in the prostatic stroma in the presence of benign prostatic epithelium, extracellular TGF-beta 1 is seen predominantly in the stromal compartment. Experimental studies clearly demonstrate that mRNA levels of TGF-beta 1 and other growth related genes are regulated by androgens in prostate cancer cells. Overall, our results suggest that elevated TGF-beta 1 is involved in the development of prostate cancer. Direct determination of TGF-beta 1 levels and distribution as well as analysis of localized and systemic effects produced by TGF-beta 1 may serve as useful biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Elongation factor-1 messenger-RNA levels in cultured cells are high compared to tissue and are not drastically affected further by oncogenic transformation (1992)

Copy-DNA clones covering the complete coding sequence of human Elongation Factor-1 gamma mRNA have been isolated and characterized. The expression of Elongation Factor-1 in a variety of cell lines and a number of tissues shows a large increase in Elongation Factor-1 mRNA going from tissue to cultured cells (20-fold). Messenger-RNA levels for Elongation Factor-1 alpha, -1 beta and -1 gamma increase in parallel suggesting coordinate regulation of the expression of these genes. Oncogenic transformation in vitro does not strongly affect Elongation Factor-1 mRNA levels.
Threshold-Dependent Camouflaged Cells to Secure Circuits Against Reverse Engineering Attacks (2016)

With current tools and technology, someone who has physical access to a chip can extract the detailed layout of the integrated circuit (IC). By using advanced visual imaging techniques, reverse engineering can reveal details that are meant to be kept secret, such as a secure protocol or novel implementation that offers a competitive advantage. A promising solution to defend against reverse engineering attacks is IC camouflaging. In this work, we propose a new camouflaging technique based on the threshold voltage of the transistors. We refer to these cells as threshold dependent camouflaged cells. Our work differs from current commercial solutions in that the latter use look-alike cells, with the assumption that it is difficult for the reverse engineer to identify the cell's functionality. Yet, if a structural distinction between cells exists, then these are still vulnerable, especially as reverse engineers use more advanced and precise techniques. On the other hand, the proposed threshold dependent standard cells are structurally identical regardless of the cells' functionality. Detailed circuit simulations of our proposed threshold dependent camouflaged cells demonstrate that they can be used to cost-effectively and robustly camouflage large netlists. Corner analysis of process, temperature, and supply voltage (PVT) variations show that our cells operate as expected over all PVT corners simulated.
Track me! a web based location tracking and analysis system for smart phone users (2009)

Mobility information of cell phone users is very important for wide range of applications, including context-based search and advertising, early warning systems, city-wide sensing applications such as air pollution exposure estimation and traffic planning. With the inclusion of new technologies in the cell phone hardware such as built-in GPS and 802.11 supports, mobility information are easily captured, managed and forwarded to a remote system via opportunistic connections over Internet. However, it is very difficult to use these low level location data for practical applications due to lack of sufficient information including high level location and temporal data. In order to solve this problem, we propose a Web based mobility analysis system which collects location data from cell phone users via opportunistic Internet connections and convert these low level location data to high level mobility information as well as adding a temporal dimension. In our experiments, we have illustrated the benefits of our systems on the reality mining data set which contains 350 K hours of real cell tower connection data.
Positive-operator-valued measures in the Hamiltonian formulation of quantum mechanics (2015)

In the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics, ideal measurements of physical variables are discussed using the spectral theory of Hermitian operators and the corresponding projector-valued measures (PVMs). However, more general types of measurements require the treatment in terms of positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs). In the Hamiltonian formulation of quantum mechanics, canonical coordinates are related to PVM. In this paper the results of an analysis of various aspects of applications of POVMs in the Hamiltonian formulation are reported. Several properties of state parameters and quantum observables given by POVMs or represented in an overcomplete basis, including the general Hamiltonian treatment of the Neumark extension, are presented. An analysis of the phase operator, given by the corresponding POVMs, in the Hilbert space and the Hamiltonian frameworks is also given.
Role of Superoxide in the Depressed Nitric Oxide Production by the Endothelium of Genetically Hypertensive Rats (1995)

We undertook these studies to determine whether a deficient nitric oxide production in genetically hypertensive rats could result from its being scavenged by an excess production of superoxide. In one study we used a porphyrinic microsensor to measure nitric oxide concentrations released by cultured endothelial cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). SHRSP cells released only about one third the concentration of nitric oxide as did WKY cells. Treatment of cells with superoxide dismutase increased nitric oxide release, demonstrating that normally nitric oxide is scavenged by endogenous superoxide. The increase in nitric oxide release in response to superoxide dismutase treatment was more than twice as great from SHRSP as from WKY cells, demonstrating the greater amount of superoxide in the hypertensive rats. A direct measure of superoxide with the use of lucigenin demonstrated the presence of 68.1 +/- 7.1 and 27.4 +/- 3.5 nmol/L of this anion in SHRSP and WKY endothelial cells, respectively. The presence of superoxide in the rat aorta was also estimated by quantification of its effect on carbachol relaxation. This relaxation was diminished when endogenous superoxide dismutase was blocked by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. This blockade reduced the relaxation by 51.2 +/- 5.2% in SHRSP aortas and by only 22.0 +/- 8.2% (P = .015) in WKY aortas. Data from these diverse systems are in agreement that superoxide production is excessive in SHRSP tissues. This excess superoxide, by scavenging endothelial nitric oxide, could contribute to the increased vascular smooth muscle contraction and hence to the elevated total peripheral resistance of these rats.
Dextromethorphan reduces oxidative stress and inhibits atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice (2009)

Our data show that DXM, with its novel effect in reducing oxidative stress, significantly reduces atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice.
Protecting Receiver-Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Due to the open nature of a sensor network, it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop and trace packet movement in the network in order to capture the receiver physically. After studying the adversary's behavior patterns, we present countermeasures to this problem. We propose a location-privacy routing protocol (LPR) that is easy to implement and provides path diversity. Combining with fake packet injection, LPR is able to minimize the traffic direction information that an adversary can retrieve from eavesdropping. By making the directions of both incoming and outgoing traffic at a sensor node uniformly distributed, the new defense system makes it very hard for an adversary to perform analysis on locally gathered information and infer the direction to which the receiver locates. We evaluate our defense system based on three criteria: delivery time, privacy protection strength, and energy cost. The simulation results show that LPR with fake packet injection is capable of providing strong protection for the receiver's location privacy. Under similar energy cost, the safe time of the receiver provided by LPR is much longer than other methods, including Phantom routing (Kamat et al., 2005) and DEFP (Deng et al., 2005). The performance of our system can be tuned through a couple of parameters that determine the tradeoff between energy cost and the strength of location-privacy protection.
Inheritance of antibody specificity. II. Anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl in the mouse. (1975)

Mice of 17 inbred strains produced anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl)-acetyl (NBrP) of three different fine specificity types. Anti-NBrP antibodies of all allotype b mice (five strains tested) had a high relative affinity for (4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl) acetyl (NNP) but low for (4-hydroxy-5-cloro-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NCP). Another category was characterized by high relative affinity for NCP but low for NNP. This category included most of the tested strains. The third category (CBA and C3H strains) had an intermediate fine specificity. Associated with fine specificity characteristics were anti-NBrP titers, mice of allotype b had lower titers than the other mice. Studies of congenic, recombinant inbred, F1 and backcross mice showed that both fine specificity and the magnitude of the anti-NBrP response of tbalb/C MICE WERE CONTROLLED BY AN ALLOTYPE-LINKED GENE. This gene was dominant over the C57BL/6 ALLELE. Lack of recombinant mice in the backcross generatioterns on the other suggest close linkage between the two genes.
Crystal structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> phage HK620 tailspike: podoviral tailspike endoglycosidase modules are evolutionarily related (2008)

Bacteriophage HK620 infects Escherichia coli H and is closely related to Shigella phage Sf6 and Salmonella phage P22. All three Podoviridae recognize and cleave their respective host cell receptor polysaccharide by homotrimeric tailspike proteins. The three proteins exhibit high sequence identity in the 110 residues of their N-terminal particle-binding domains, but no apparent sequence similarity in their major, receptor-binding parts. We have biochemically characterized the receptor-binding part of HK620 tailspike and determined its crystal structure to 1.38 A resolution. Its major domain is a right-handed parallel beta-helix, as in Sf6 and P22 tailspikes. HK620 tailspike has endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity and produces hexasaccharides of an O18A1-type O-antigen. As indicated by the structure of a hexasaccharide complex determined at 1.6 A resolution, the endoglycosidase-active sites are located intramolecularly, as in P22, and not between subunits, as in Sf6 tailspike. In contrast, the extreme C-terminal domain of HK620 tailspike forms a beta-sandwich, as in Sf6 and unlike P22 tailspike. Despite the different folds, structure-based sequence alignments of the C-termini reveal motifs conserved between the three proteins. We propose that the tailspike genes of P22, Sf6 and HK620 have a common precursor and are not mosaics of unrelated gene fragments.
Learning from success: the flexibility of distance learning (2008)

The role of healthcare assistants (HCAs) and support workers has never been more important than in today's NHS.
Activation and Induction of NUR77/NURR1 in Corticotrophs by CRH/cAMP: Involvement of Calcium, Protein Kinase A, and MAPK Pathways (2002)

Nur factors are critical for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) induction by CRH in corticotrophs, but the pathways linking CRH to Nur are unknown. In this study we show that in AtT-20 corticotrophs CRH and cAMP induce Nur77 and Nurr1 expression and transcription at the NurRE site by protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Calcium pathways depend on calmodulin kinase II (CAMKII) activity, and calcium-independent pathways are accounted for in part by MAPK activation (Rap1/B-Raf/MAPK-ERK kinase/ERK1/2), demonstrated by the use of molecular and pharmacological tools. AtT-20 corticotrophs express B-Raf, as do other cells in which cAMP stimulates MAPK. CRH/cAMP stimulated ERK2 activity and increased transcriptional activity of a Gal4-Elk1 protein, which was blocked by overexpression of dominant negative mutants and kinase inhibitors and stimulated by expression of B-Raf. The MAPK kinase inhibitors did not affect Nur77 and Nurr1 mRNA induction but blocked CRH or cAMP-stimulated Nur transcriptional activity. Moreover, MAPK stimulated phosphorylation and transactivation of Nur77. The functional impact of these pathways was confirmed at the POMC promoter. In conclusion, in AtT-20 corticotrophs the CRH/cAMP signaling that leads to Nur77/Nurr1 mRNA induction and transcriptional activation, and thus POMC expression, is dependent on protein kinase A and involves calcium/calmodulin kinase II (Nur induction/activation) and MAPK calcium-dependent and -independent (Nur phosphorylation-activation) pathways.
Streptomycin resistance of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora isolated from reclaimed Japanese radish fields and natural grassland. (1987)

分離菌株24菌株について14項目の細菌学的性質を検討した結果,23菌株をE.carolovora subsp.carolovora,1菌株をE.chrvthanthemiと同定した。5菌株のSM感受性,SM耐性菌の存在において,100ppmを越える高濃度の耐性菌は認められず,また,SM加用培地の継代培養では9回の培餐で100ppmに対する耐性を獲得したが,その獲得過程は初回のMIC値により異なり,6,25～12.5ppmで時間的な停滞が認められ,耐性化に伴い1菌株を除く他の菌株の世代時間は1/2に短縮化された。獲得したSM耐性菌と感受性菌からプラスミドを抽出した結果,2～7本のバンドが認められ,これらの分子量は1.70～85.0Mdalであり,NIAS1296菌株以外の耐性菌株は感受性菌株と比較して,プラスミドの消失と分子量の変動が認められた。
Remote Sensing Scene Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks Pre-Trained Using Attention-Guided Sparse Filters (2018)

Semantic-level land-use scene classification is a challenging problem, in which deep learning methods, e.g., convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown remarkable capacity. However, a lack of sufficient labeled images has proved a hindrance to increasing the land-use scene classification accuracy of CNNs. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a CNN pre-training method under the guidance of a human visual attention mechanism. Specifically, a computational visual attention model is used to automatically extract salient regions in unlabeled images. Then, sparse filters are adopted to learn features from these salient regions, with the learnt parameters used to initialize the convolutional layers of the CNN. Finally, the CNN is further fine-tuned on labeled images. Experiments are performed on the UCMerced and AID datasets, which show that when combined with a demonstrative CNN, our method can achieve 2.24% higher accuracy than a plain CNN and can obtain an overall accuracy of 92.43% when combined with AlexNet. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve CNN performance using easy-to-access unlabeled images and thus will enhance the performance of land-use scene classification especially when a large-scale labeled dataset is unavailable.
The risk of hemorrhagic complications in hospital in-patients who fall while receiving antithrombotic therapy. (2005)

BACKGROUND: The use of antithrombotic agents and falls are independently associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic injury. However, few studies have delineated the risk of fall-related hemorrhagic complications in persons who are taking antithrombotic therapy. The objective of this study was to compare the rates of fall-related hemorrhagic injury in hospital in-patients who are taking and not taking antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: A 4-year retrospective chart review of consecutive patients who fell during admission to a 500-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital was conducted. Major hemorrhagic injuries including subdural hematomas and major bleeding/cuts, patients' use of antithrombotic medication (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin) and their anticoagulation status at the time of their fall were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 2635 falls in 1861 patients were reviewed. Approximately 10% of falls caused major hemorrhagic injury. One fall resulted in a subdural hematoma. Persons taking warfarin were less likely to suffer a fall-related major hemorrhagic injury compared with persons not taking antithrombotic therapy (warfarin, 6%; no therapy, 11%; p = 0.01). Logistic regression showed that fall-related major hemorrhagic injury was associated with female gender (odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.3, 2.1), use of aspirin (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.8) and use of clopidogrel (odds ratio 2.2; 95% CI 1.1, 4.8), but not with the use of warfarin or heparin, or the intensity of anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, compared with persons taking no antithrombotic therapy, those taking warfarin had lower rates of fall-related hemorrhagic injuries. The absolute rate of the development of fall-related intracranial hemorrhagic injury such as subdural hematomas was low, even in persons taking warfarin. These counter-intuitive results may be due to selection bias, and suggest that physicians are very conservative in selecting patients for warfarin therapy, choosing only those who are sufficiently healthy to be at much lower than average risk of suffering fall-related hemorrhagic injuries. This phenomenon may lead to physicians overestimating the potential for fall-related major hemorrhagic injury in persons taking antithrombotic therapy, with the possible denial of warfarin therapy to many of those who would benefit. This perception may contribute to the care gap between the number of patients who would theoretically derive overall benefit from warfarin therapy and those who are actually receiving it.
The Fast-phase Velocity of Optokinetic Nystagmus in Central Nervous System Disorders (1987)

The fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders was quantitatively evaluated using a micro-computer. The relationship between peak velocity of the fast phases of OKN (velocity(p] versus amplitude was recognized to be best fitted to an exponential equation, i.e., velocity(p) = K(1-exp[-amplitude/L]). In patients with lesions in thalamus, midbrain, or pons, the velocity(p) was significantly reduced, whereas in patients with lesions in the medulla or the cerebellum, it was normal. The directional asymmetry of velocity(p) toward the lesion side indicated that the velocity(p) toward the intact side was significantly reduced as compared with that toward the lesion side in patients with lesions in the thalamus or midbrain, whereas in patients with lesions in the pons, the velocity(p) toward the lesion side had decreased significantly as compared with that toward the intact side. Thus the quantitative evaluation of velocity(p) may provide some important information on the mapping of lesions in patients with CNS disorders.
A novel closed loop power control for UMTS (2000)

Wideband CDMA has been selected as the access technique for the next generation communication system. Consequently, it has received a significant amount of attention in provision of advanced algorithms for improved performance. Accurate power control is one the most important requirements of the CDMA systems. In this paper, two new adaptive step-size algorithms for controlling the transmitted power of the mobile stations in a CDMA-based cellular system are presented. The performance of the two algorithms are compared with that of the conventional and their superiority clearly demonstrated.
Proposal of InAlGaAs/InAlAs/InP 1&#x00D7;2 cross-point optical switch with mode-spot modulation MMI waveguide and 45&#x00B0; TIR mirror (2010)

We proposed and analyzed the 1×2 cross-point optical switch with mode-spot modulation in multi-mode interference (MMI) waveguide and 45° total internal reflection (TIR) mirror. It is suitable for crossbar switch fabric and expected some significant switching characteristics for large scale interconnection. As a result, 90° redirection switching is confirmed using FDTD method.