gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductances and Selective Permeability of Connexin43 Gap Junction Channels Examined in Neonatal Rat Heart Cells (1997)

Myocytes from neonatal rat hearts were used to assess the conductive properties of gap junction channels by means of the dual voltage-clamp method. The experiments were carried out on three types (groups) of preparations: (1) induced cell pairs, (2) preformed cell pairs with few gap junction channels (1 to 3 channels), and (3) preformed cell pairs with many channels (100 to 200 channels) after treatment with uncoupling agents such as SKF-525A (75 micromol/L), heptanol (3 mmol/L), and arachidonic acid (100 micromol/L). In group 1, the first opening of a newly formed channel was slow (20 to 65 ms) and occurred 7 to 25 minutes after physical cell contact. The rate of channel insertion was 1.3 channels/min. Associated with a junctional voltage gradient (Vj), the channels revealed multiple conductances, a main open state [gamma(j)(main state)], several substates [gamma(j)(substates)], and a residual state [gamma(j)(residual state)]. On rare occasions, the channels closed completely. The same phenomena were observed in groups 2 and 3. The existence of gamma(j)(residual state) provides an explanation for the incomplete inactivation of the junctional current (Ij) at large values of Vj in cell pairs with many gap junction channels. The values of gamma(j)(main state) and gamma(j)(residual state) gained from groups 1, 2, and 3 turned out to be comparable and hence were pooled. The fit of the data to a Gaussian distribution revealed a narrow single peak for both conductances. The values of gamma(j) were dependent on the composition of the pipette solution. Solutions were as follows: (1) KCl solution, gamma(j)(main state)=96 pS and gamma(j)(residual state)=23 pS; (2) Cs+ aspartate solution, gamma(j)(main state)=61 pS and gamma(j)(residual state)=12 pS; and (3) tetraethylammonium+ aspartate solution, gamma(j)(main state)=19 pS and gamma(j)(residual state)=3 pS. The respective gamma(j)(main state)-to-gamma(j)(residual state) ratios were 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3. This indicates that the residual state restricts ion permeation more efficiently than does the main state. Transitions of Ij between open states (main open state, substates, and residual state) were fast (<2 ms), and transitions involving the closed state and an open state were slow (15 to 65 ms). This implies the existence of two gating mechanisms. The residual state may be regarded as the ground state of electrical gating controlled by Vj; the closed state, as the ground state of chemical gating.
Reaction Intermediates in the Catalytic Mechanism of Escherichia coli MutY DNA Glycosylase (2004)

The Escherichia coli adenine DNA glycosylase, MutY, plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability by catalyzing the removal of adenine opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine or guanine in duplex DNA. Although the x-ray crystal structure of the catalytic domain of MutY revealed a mechanism for catalysis of the glycosyl bond, it appeared that several opportunistically positioned lysine side chains could participate in a secondary beta-elimination reaction. In this investigation, it is established via site-directed mutagenesis and the determination of a 1.35-A structure of MutY in complex with adenine that the abasic site (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity is alternatively regulated by two lysines, Lys142 and Lys20. Analyses of the crystallographic structure also suggest a role for Glu161 in the apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase chemistry. The beta-elimination reaction is structurally and chemically uncoupled from the initial glycosyl bond scission, indicating that this reaction occurs as a consequence of active site plasticity and slow dissociation of the product complex. MutY with either the K142A or K20A mutation still catalyzes beta and beta-delta elimination reactions, and both mutants can be trapped as covalent enzyme-DNA intermediates by chemical reduction. The trapping was observed to occur both pre- and post-phosphodiester bond scission, establishing that both of these intermediates have significant half-lives. Thus, the final spectrum of DNA products generated reflects the outcome of a delicate balance of closely related equilibrium constants.
Synthesis and Antituberculos Activity of Viscosin Analogues, II (1968)

Based on the assumed structure of Viscosin, its analogs were synthesized and their antitubercle bacilli test was carried out.
Gram-Negative Antibiotic Active Through Inhibition of an Essential Riboswitch (2020)

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (GN) infections for which there are few available treatment options are increasingly common. The development of new antibiotics for these pathogens is challenging because of the inability of most small molecules to accumulate inside GN bacteria. Using recently developed predictive guidelines for compound accumulation in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, we have converted the antibiotic Ribocil C, which targets the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch, from a compound lacking whole-cell activity against wild-type GN pathogens into a compound that accumulates to a high level in <i>E. coli</i>, is effective against Gram-negative clinical isolates, and has efficacy in mouse models of GN infections. This compound allows for the first assessment of the translational potential of FMN riboswitch binders against wild-type Gram-negative bacteria.
R&D ON DSRC PLATFORM - R&D ON SUB-PLATFORM FOR LOW-RESOURCE OBE (2000)

In order to solve different sorts of road traffic problems, using high data communication technology, the research and development of ITS is making progress. In Japan, the experimental application of the ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) has started. The ETC system employs DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication), whose further enhancement and application are expected in the future. To spread widely and promote ITS services that employ DSRC, this paper reports the results obtained in the research and development of the DSRC platform, which stands between the DSRC and the application, and above all, those obtained in the research and development of the sub-platform for low-resource on-board equipment (OBE). For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.
Guiding effects in microchip lasers at pump powers well above threshold (2003)

Summary form only given. Microchip lasers are monolithic devices, typically consisting of a sub-millimetre thick slice of solid state gain material, which is polished to give plane parallel surfaces on to which dielectric mirrors are coated. These lasers are longitudinally pumped by a laser diode. Devices such as Nd:YVO/sub 4/ microchip lasers are highly-efficient and compact lasers which produce beams of high spatial and spectral quality.
Ionic Liquid-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monoclinic Structured LaVO<sub>4</sub> Nanowires through Topotactic Transformation from Hexagonal La(OH)<sub>3</sub> Nanowires (2009)

Ultralong m-LaVO4 nanowires were synthesized from h-La(OH)3 nanowires via topotactic transformation in an ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal system. The structure and morphology of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution TEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. It was found that ionic liquid [BMIM]Br can effectively influence the morphology of h-La(OH)3 one-dimensional nanostructures through the adsorbing model of [BMIM]Br on the (010) plane, which controlled the oriented growth along the [001] direction. After the results were systematically analyzed from products obtained by modifying the reaction time from 1 to 48 h, topotactic transformation from h-La(OH)3 through the diffusion of VO3− ions to m-LaVO4 is proposed to explain the growth mechanism of m-LaVO4 nanowires.
Diarrhea in Early Childhood: Short-term Association With Weight and Long-term Association With Length (2013)

The short-term association between diarrhea and weight is well-accepted, but the long-term association between diarrhea and growth is less clear. Using data from 7 cohort studies (Peru, 1985-1987; Peru, 1989-1991; Peru, 1995-1998; Brazil, 1989-1998; Guinea-Bissau, 1987-1990; Guinea-Bissau, 1996-1997; and Bangladesh, 1993-1996), we evaluated the lagged relationship between diarrhea and growth in the first 2 years of life. Our analysis included 1,007 children with 597,638 child-days of diarrhea surveillance and 15,629 anthropometric measurements. We calculated the associations between varying diarrhea burdens during lagged 30-day periods and length at 24 months of age. The cumulative association between the average diarrhea burden and length at age 24 months was -0.38 cm (95% confidence interval: -0.59, -0.17). Diarrhea during the 30 days prior to anthropometric measurement was consistently associated with lower weight at most ages, but there was little indication of a short-term association with length. Diarrhea was associated with a small but measurable decrease in linear growth over the long term. These findings support a focus on prevention of diarrhea as part of an overall public health strategy for improving child health and nutrition; however, more research is needed to explore catch-up growth and potential confounders.
Scaling Behavior of Laser Population Dynamics with Time-Delayed Coupling: Theory and Experiment (2005)

We study the influence of asymmetric coupling strengths on the onset of light intensity oscillations in an experimental system consisting of two semiconductor lasers cross coupled optoelectronically with a time delay. We discover a scaling law that relates the amplitudes of oscillations and the coupling strengths. These observations are in agreement with a theoretical model. These results could be applicable to the population dynamics of other systems, such as the spread of disease in human populations coupled by migration.
Overview of the Second Edition of ISO 26262: Functional Safety— Road Vehicles (2019)

Functional safety is of the utmost importance in the development of safety-critical automotive systems, especially with the introduction of driver assist and automated driving systems. ISO 26262: Functional Safety – Road Vehicles, has been the de facto standard for functional safety in the automotive electronics domain since the release of its first edition in 2011. It is currently available in its second edition, published in December 2018. In this paper, we present an overview of the standard, which applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of system development. In the concept phase of ISO 26262, the hazard and risk assessment process focuses on identifying possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behavior of electrical/electronic (E/E) safety-related systems and mitigating them through the identification of safety goals. The design phase includes system, hardware, and software development, with requirements developed from the safety goals. ISO 26262 also prescribes the functional safety management activities to be performed during the safety lifecycle and provides requirements for the supporting processes. In addition to presenting an overview of the standard, this paper highlights some major changes introduced in the second edition of ISO 26262.
Enzyme activities and phospholipid storage patterns in brain and spleen samples from niemann‐pick disease variants: a comparison of neuropathic and non‐neuropathic forms (1985)

Phospholipid levels and enzyme activities were measured in brain and spleen samples from patients with the three major variants of Niemann-Pick disease. Accumulations of sphingomyelin and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate were demonstrated in spleen from types A and B and group C Niemann-Pick disease, whereas only in type A Niemann-Pick brain was the sphingomyelin concentration increased. Sphingomyelinase activity was markedly deficient in type A Niemann-Pick brain and spleen but residual activity of approximately 12% of control was measured in type B Niemann-Pick brain. Normal or raised sphingomyelinase and beta-glucosidase activities were measured in group C Niemann-Pick brain and spleen. Significant (17% of control) residual beta-glucosidase activity was also measured in non-neuropathic Gaucher brain. Normal levels of neutral sphingomyelinase activity were measured in brain samples from the three variants of Niemann-Pick disease. Acid sphingomyelinase activity in group C Niemann-Pick brain appeared normal with respect to enzyme extraction, pH optimum (pH 5.0) and apparent Km (approximately 0.4 mmol/L). Isoelectric focusing of brain sphingomyelinase revealed a degree of heterogeneity with activity peaks between pI 4.5 and 6.5. No defect was observed in group C Niemann-Pick brain and, although attenuated, all peaks were present in type B Niemann-Pick brain.
Fiber optic aerial cables (1982)

Abstract While conventional cable elements can tolerate strains on the order of 1%, optical fibers cannot. As aerial cables may suffer contraction and elongation from low temperatures and high ice or wind loads, or high temperatures, respectively, proper designs have to provide the cables with length margins within which the fibers are protected against mechanical loads, except for a very limited bending stress. The well-suited loose tube buffer design, the way of calculation, and a list of reference cable plants are presented.
Modulation of the susceptibility of intestinal bacteria to bacteriophages in response to Ag43 phase variation -- a hypothesis. (2002)

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the intestinal tract of man and other animals. In addition to being a part of the normal bacterial flora of the human intestine, there are a number of enteropathogenic strains of E. coli which cause infections ranging in consequence from diarrhoea to colitis. Antigen 43 (Ag43) is the major phase-variable protein in the outer membrane of E. coli. One benefit for bacteria resulting from phase variation of surface antigens is usually ascribed to evasion of host defences. However, results of recent studies indicate that infection of E. coli by different bacteriophages is inhibited in the presence of certain bile salts and carbohydrates (components present in the human intestine but absent in standard bacteriological media) when cells are in the 'OFF' state for production of Ag43. The inhibition of bacteriophage development was found to be due to a significant impairment in the process of phage adsorption and evidence was presented for the binding of phage to Ag43. Here we present a hypothesis that in the case of Ag43, phase-variation might benefit the host bacterium by modulating the susceptibility to phage infection in the gut. If this hypothesis is true, it may have important implications not only for basic research but also for development of bacteriophage therapy, a re-discovered method of treatment of patients with infectious diseases.
Microbiological Degradation of Malodorous Substances of Swine Waste under Aerobic Conditions (1987)

Phenol, p-cresol, and volatile fatty acids (VFA; acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids) were used as odor indicators of swine waste. Aeration of the waste allowed the indigenous microorganisms to grow and degrade these malodorous substances. The time required for degradation of these substances varied according to the waste used, and it was not necessarily related to their concentrations. Using a minimal medium which contained one of the malodorous compounds as sole carbon source, we have selected from swine waste microorganisms that can grow in the medium. The majority of these microorganisms were able to degrade the same substrate when inoculated in sterilized swine waste but with an efficiency varying from one strain to the other. None of these strains was able to degrade all malodorous substances studied. Within 6 days of incubation these selected strains degraded the following: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, phenol and all VFA; Alcaligenes faecalis, p-cresol and all VFA; Corynebacterium glutamicum and Micrococcus sp., phenol, p-cresol, and acetic and propionic acids; Arthrobacter flavescens, all VFA. On a laboratory scale, the massive inoculation of swine waste with C. glutamicum or Micrococcus sp. accelerated degradation of the malodorous substances. However, this effect was not observed with all of the various swine wastes tested. These results suggest that an efficient deodorization process of various swine wastes could be developed at the farm level based on the aerobic indigenous microflora of each waste.
The Relationship Between Pain and Eating among Overweight and Obese Individuals with Osteoarthritis: An Ecological Momentary Study (2014)

Using ecological momentary assessments as a novel approach, the present study provides preliminary data supporting a relationship between pain and food intake among overweight and obese OA patients. Continued advances in our understanding of the relationship between pain and eating behaviour may help to optimize intervention strategies for these patients.
Fabrication of 2D Au Nanorings with Pt Framework (2014)

Surface plasmonics of nanomaterials has been one of the main research themes in nanoscience. Spherical and elongated nanoparticles show their corresponding unique optical features mainly depending on the physical dimensions. Here we successfully synthesized Au nanorings having Pt framework (Pt@Au nanorings) with high uniformity through wet-chemistry. The synthetic strategy consisted of serial reactions involving site-selective growth of Pt on the rim of Au nanoplates, subsequent etching of Au nanoplates, followed by regrowth of Au on the Pt rim. In this synthetic method, Au(3+) ions exhibited dual functionality as an etchant and a metal precursor. The resultant product, Pt@Au nanorings, exhibited unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) bands originating from the Au shell. The inner Pt skeleton turns out to be important to hold structural stability.
Secure Dissemination of Video Data in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Systems (2015)

Data exchange between vehicles and base stations may contain information on traffic accidents, traffic jams, road constructions etc. Risks to data privacy in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems need be minimized. We present a policybased solution that provides controlled and privacypreserving dissemination of video data in V2V and V2I. This policy-based solution relies on Active Bundle (AB), which incorporates policy enforcement mechanism and policies that describe access to video data. The usage of ABs ensures privacy of actors during disclosure of captured video in untrusted environment. Face recognition algorithm is used to identify sensitive data in videos and it is used in policies. We use four algorithms to process images that are captured by a vehicle's camera.
Mobile monitoring and control framework with active-push and plug-and-play capabilities (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a novel mobile monitoring and control (MC) framework with active-push and plug-and-play capabilities. This proposed framework is particularly designed to addresses the shortcomings of the traditional factory MC systems in sharing information over the internet, protecting the system security, delivering warning messages, and deploying monitoring points.
Assisting video surveillance in micro-spatial environments with a GIS approach (2007)

The paper presents a GIS-based approach to assisting video surveillance in micro-spatial environments, such as inside a building. The approach consists of a node-arc network model representing the accessibility in a building and a topological data structure maintaining the locational relationships among the accessibility network, accessible places, and cameras' FOV (field of vision). Human walking behavior is considered in order to determine the spatial extent of nodes and arcs in the accessibility network. Different measures are employed to deal with some special scenarios in a building, such as spaces between two floors and large open spaces. Based on the network model and the data structure, a number of applications can be realized. One of them elaborated in the paper is to quickly locate suspicious moving objects. Besides the procedure, a detailed description is given to explain how to implement the procedure and how to link the above research output to monitors and cameras.
Assessment of the diagnostic value of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. (1980)

During the 1st year of operation of a national 24-hour ambulatory ECG-monitoring service, 531 recordings were collected. The information from these recordings and accompanying patient diaries were classified according to the indication for monitoring, the presence or absence of the 'indicated' sympton or other symptom in the diary and the presence or absence of correlating arrhythmias on the tape. On the basis of this categorization 7.5% of recordings were considered completely diagnostic (indicated symptom noted in diary with correlating arrhythmias). An additional 26.6% or recordings, although not completely diagnostic, were considered clinically useful in that they provided information regarding the relationship of symptoms to arrhythmias or the presence or absence of arrhythmias. Major causes of loss of information were poorly completed diaries or no diary, lack of precise definition of the indication for monitoring and technical faults resulting in uninterpretable recordings. Rectification of these deficiences could improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis.
Epidemiology of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>keratitis in contact lens wearers (1995)

This study evaluated the epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in contact lens (CL) wearers; the relationships between CL storage case contamination and CL hygiene practice and between CL hygiene and the development of keratitis. Sixteen CL wearers with keratitis were compared with 44 asymptomatic controls. Lens hygiene practice was assessed and CL care materials, domestic water sites and endogenous sites were evaluated microbiologically. Poor CL hygiene was not associated with Ps. aeruginosa keratitis. There was an association between keratitis and bacterial contamination of the CL and storage case (P < 0.0005). Lens and storage case contamination were not significantly associated with poor hygiene. No domestic or endogenous source for Ps. aeruginosa was found. Causative organisms may be derived from other sources, but CLs and CL storage cases provide a favourable environment for Ps. aeruginosa colonization. Changing the CL care environment to one less favourable for Ps. aeruginosa may help to eliminate this problem.