gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of scrapie infection in mice by heteropolyanion 23, dextran sulfate, and some other polyanions (1986)

Studies of polyanions that suppress scrapie have been done to pinpoint the cell types in the lymphoreticular system which are important in pathogenesis and to suggest possible prophylactic or therapeutic strategies for the unconventional slow viruses. A regime of three daily injections of the inorganic heteropolyanion HPA-23 reduced the effective scrapie dose by more than 99%; i.e., some mice survived peripherally injected doses of 100 50% lethal dose units. The effect was greatest when the first dose of HPA-23 was given 4 h after injecting scrapie, but it declined rapidly as this interval was increased, and there was virtually no effect 2 days after infection. A single dose of high-molecular-weight organic polyanions such as carrageenan or dextran sulfate (DS-500) greatly reduced (i.e., greater than 99%) the efficiency of scrapie infection. In contrast to HPA-23, DS-500 was equally effective whether given 4 days before or 8 h after the time of infection. The antiscrapie effect of DS-500 appeared to be independent of its activity as a B-cell mitogen and of its ability to produce a cytotoxic blockade of phagocytic cells. DS-500 probably caused the aggregation and loss from blood of scrapie inoculum which was present immediately after injection, but it had additional effects on scrapie at later times.
Reversal of focal "misery-perfusion syndrome" by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study with 15O positron emission tomography. (1981)

Tomographic images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) using the 15O continuous inhalation technique, and positron emission tomography, were obtained from a patient with cerebral ischemia distal to an occluded left internal carotid artery. There was a focal mismatch between CBF and oxygen metabolism in the brain supplied by the middle cerebral artery where CBF was decreased and OEF increased ("misery-perfusion syndrome" as opposed to "luxury-perfusion syndrome"). These abnormalities were most marked in the parieto-occipital watershed area. After left superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomosis, the clinical attacks ceased and a repeat study did not demonstrate the previous CBF and OEF abnormalities. This suggests that this pattern of abnormalities indicates potential viable tissue. The concept of "misery-perfusion" may be of some importance in the pathophysiological mechanisms of hemodynamic cerebral ischemia and serve as a rational basis for revascularization procedures.
Automatic tissue classification by integrating medical expert anatomic ontologies (2013)

Image segmentation techniques have been widely used in medical image analysis. However, existing methods can not provide exact physical significance of segmented image regions because they are mainly based on basic image features such as grey level and texture without taking into account specialised medical knowledge. However, medical knowledge plays an indispensable role when doctors analyse medical images in their diagnosis. To deal with this problem, many tissue classification systems were developed by incorporating specific medical knowledge. However, these systems strongly depend on specific applications and then can not provide a general structure for integrating medical knowledge in a larger context. To treat medical image recognition in a systematic way, we propose in this paper a general intelligent tissue classification system which combines both FCM (fuzzy C-means) based clustering algorithm and qualitative medical knowledge on geometric properties of different tissues. In this system, a general model is proposed for formalising non structured and non normalised medical knowledge from various medical images. This model utilises a DOGMA approach (a natural language-based ontology system) for formal representation of these geometric features.
Error resilient scalable audio coding (ERSAC) for mobile applications (2002)

Delivering high-fidelity audio over wireless channels is a challenging task because the wireless channel presents not only erasure errors, but also random bit errors. These errors have severe adverse effect on decompressing the received audio bitstream and may crash the decoder completely if not handled properly. To solve this problem, this paper addresses error resilient scalable audio coding (ERSAC) for wireless audio. Specifically, we perform data partition and reversible variable length coding, in the scalable audio bitstream. Simulation results show that ERSAC has very effective error-resilience in addition to bitstream scalability.
Effects of tktA, $aroF^{FBR}$and aroL Expression in the Tryptophan-Producing Escherichia coli (2000)

In order to analyze the effects of tktA, aroF FBR , and aroL expression in a tryptophan-producing Escherichia coli, a series of plasmids carrying the genes were constructed. Introduction of tktA, aroF FBR , and aroL into the E. coli strain resulted in approximately 10- 20 fold increase in the activities of transketolase, the feedback inhibition-resistant 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulsonate-7-phosphate synthase, and shikimate kinase. Expression of aroF FBR in the aroB mutant strain of E. coli resulted in the accumulation of 10 mM of 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulsonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) in the medium. Simultaneous expression of tktA and aroF FBR in the strain further increased the amount of excreted DAHP to 20 mM. In contrast, the mutant strain which has no gene introduced accumulated 0.5 mM of DAHP. However, the expression of tktA and aroF FBR in a tryptophan-producing E. coli strain did not lead to the increased production of tryptophan, but instead, a significant amount of shikimate, which is an intermediate in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, was excreted to the growth medium. Despite the fact that additional expression of shikimate kinase in the strain could possibly remove 90% of excreted shikimate to 0.1 mM, the amount of tryptophan produced was still unchanged. Removing shikimate using a cloned aroL gene caused the excretion of glutamate, which suggests disturbed central carbon metabolism. However, when cultivated in a complex medium, the strain expressing tktA, aroF FBR , and aroL produced more tryptophan than the parental strain. These data indicate that additional rate-limiting steps are present in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, and the carbon flow to the terminal pathway is strictly regulated. Expressing tktA in E. coli cells appeared to impose a great metabolic burden to the cells as evidenced by retarded cell growth in the defined medium. Recombinant E. coli strains harboring plasmids which carry the tktA gene showed a tendency to segregate their plasmids almost completely within 24 h.
T help requirements for the generation of an in vivo IgE response: a late acting form of T cell help other than IL-4 is required for IgE but not for IgG1 production. (1989)

To further define requirements for T cell help in the stimulation of an in vivo IgE response, we studied a system in which the injection of mice with a goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaMD) stimulates large polyclonal IgG1 and IgE responses. In this system, both responses are blocked by anti-CD4 antibody, but only the IgE response is blocked by (anti-IL-4) antibody. Anti-CD4 antibody, if injected 5 days after GaMD, was found to inhibit the GaMD-induced IgE response to a much greater extent than the IgG1 response, even though both responses occur simultaneously and are inhibited to an equal extent by optimal or suboptimal doses of anti-CD4 antibody administered 2 days after GaMD. Even a suboptimal, 50-micrograms dose of anti-CD4 antibody, when injected 5 days after GaMD, inhibited the IgE response to a much greater extent than did an optimal 10-mg dose of anti-IL-4 antibody injected at the same time, even though 10 mg of anti-IL-4 antibody more completely inhibited GaMD-induced IgE production than did 50 micrograms of anti-CD4 antibody when injected 2 days after GaMD. These observations provide evidence that a late acting form of T cell help other than IL-4 is important for the generation of an IgE response but not an IgG1 response in GaMD-immunized mice.
Botulinum Toxin Type B (2012)

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A low power 6-bit flash ADC with reference voltage and common-mode calibration (2008)

A low power 6-bit ADC that uses reference voltage and common-mode calibration to improve linearity and reduce power dissipation is presented. The ADC occupies 0.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 65 nm CMOS. The ADC dissipates 4 mW at 100 MS/s and 12 mW at 800 MS/s from a 1.2 V supply.
Real-time systolic array processor for 2-D spatial filtering (1988)

The use of systolic arrays (SA) to implement two-D local state-space (LSS) digital filters for real-time image processing is presented. The simple modular structure of the SA is ideal for VLSI implementation. The array used is composed of ROM/adder (or multiplier/adder) cells and is shown to be 100% efficient. The size of the array is equal to the overall size of the system matrix and is much smaller than arrays where the number of cells equals the number of image pixels. Still, this array is capable of processing a 512*512 image in less than 1/30 seconds allowed in real-time applications for second-order filters. The use of ROMs along with the inherent good performance of LSS filters under the effect of finite-length registers, makes this implementation desirable. The array is also far less expensive than other proposed real-time two-D digital filter implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Institutional Collaboration to Accelerate Interprofessional Education (2017)

Evidence has been generated and synthesized to support enhanced outcomes in healthcare environments supportive of interprofessional practice. Despite the preponderance of evidence, many health professions education programs do not prepare their students for interprofessional practice. Multiple factors influence the integration of interprofessional education into a program’s curricular offerings including availability of potential partnering professions, conflicting schedules, lack of curricular alignment, and logistical challenges. This manuscript describes initiatives and innovations used to replace health profession and institutional silos with interprofessional and cross-institutional collaboration in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. While the initial point of connection involved the administrators and faculty members from Texas Christian University and the University of North Texas Health Science Center collaborating to create interprofessional training opportunities for health professions students, this collaboration continues to generate new innovations and cooperative initiatives. These initiatives include research projects supported by significant external funding awards and a decision by the leaders of the two institutions to collaborate to develop a new medical school.
Suppression of Be diffusion in molecular-beam epitaxy AlGaAs by the incorporation of In for heterojunction bipolar transistor applications (1990)

We report for the first time on the suppression of Be diffusion in molecular-beam epitaxy Al0.1Ga0.9As by incorporating In into the epilayer. The minimum diffusion coefficient of Be-doped Iny(Al0.1Ga0.9)1−yAs layers with a carrier concentration of 7×1019 cm−3 and an InAs mole fraction of 0.07 grown at 600 °C was about 2×10−15 cm2/s, which is five times smaller than that without In incorporation. The photoluminescence intensity of the layers drastically decreased above a value of y of 0.05, probably due to crystal degradation resulting from misfit dislocations. A heterojunction bipolar transistor with a 100 nm-thick p+In0.055 (AlxGa1−x)0.945As base layer (Al graded composition x: 0 to 0.1, emitter area: 4×5 μm2) yielded a dc current gain of 27 at a collector current of 8 mA.
Highly efficient blue phosphorescent and electroluminescent Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) compounds (2012)

Three new Ir(III) compounds with deep-blue phosphorescence have been synthesized. These molecules have the general formula of Ir(C∧N)2(L∧X), where C∧N = 2′,6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine (dfpypy) and L∧X = ancillary ligand such as 2-picolinate, pic (1), acetylacetonate, acac (2), or dipivaloylmethanoate, dpm (3). The ancillary ligands have been found to significantly destabilize both HOMO and LUMO levels of the Ir(III) complexes, compared to Ir(dfpypy)3, without significantly changing the phosphorescence energy. Compounds 1–3 emit bright blue phosphorescence with λmax = 440–460 nm and quantum efficiencies of 0.60–0.95 in solution and the solid state. Double-layer electroluminescent devices using compounds 1–3 as the dopant, CDBP (4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl) as the host/hole transporting layer, and TPBi (1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene) as the electron transport layer have been fabricated. These EL devices show pure blue colour with high efficiency. The EL device of compound 3 at the doping level of 20 wt% shows the best performance with EQE of 10–15% at the brightness of 10–1000 cd m−2 and the maximum current efficiency of 22 cd A−1.
Isolation and Characterization of a Major Outer Membrane Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1979)

In the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa, a protein of apparent molecular weight 8,000 (protein I) is present as a major protein. Purification and chemical analysis of protein I were carried out. This protein was purified by essentially the same procedure as for the purification of the E. coli lipoprotein, which was developed by Inouye et al. (J. Bacteriol. (1976) 127, 555--563). The amino acid composition of protein I was determined. Protein I lacks proline, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and half-cystine. Fatty acid analysis of the protein revealed that it contained 0.89 mol of fatty acids per mol of protein. Among the fatty acids hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) was predominant. In an in vivo labeling experiment, [2-3H]glycerol was incorporated into protein I. A protein with similar mobility to protein I on urea-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was isolated from the purified peptidoglycan of P. aeruginosa by trypsin digestion. The amino acid composition of this protein was essentially the same as that of protein I. These results indicate that the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa contains a protein analogous to the E. coli lipoprotein, although considerable differences were observed in the amino acid composition and the fatty acid content.
Interaction of a Vinylic Organosol Used as Can Coating with Solvents and Food Simulants (1998)

Metal cans are often protected from corrosion by vinylic organosol coatings, made from PVC and epoxyphenolic (EP) resins. Using electron spin resonance, BADGE, a monomer of EP, was shown to plasticize PVC. Optimization of extraction allowed extraction of 4 mg of BADGE/dm2, so vinylic organosols appear to be worst-case coatings. Comparison of behavior between BADGE and a paramagnetic probe revealed that these compounds were trapped to a large extent in the cross-linked EP network and could not migrate at 40 °C. Contact with triglycerides, which plasticize the coating, induced high migration of BADGE. Neither isooctane nor ethanol could mimic fats, in contrast to isooctane/tert-butyl acetate mixtures. In aqueous foodstuffs, BADGE hydrolyzed into a monoepoxide and then into a bisdiol. The total amount of toxicologically relevant epoxides over shelf life was shown to reach a maximum value within 3 weeks at 40 °C, at very low levels, whatever the aqueous food simulant. After sterilization at 120 °C (20 min), the level of BADGE in the migrate is very low, whereas up to 2 mg of hydrolysis products is found in the liquid/dm2. During further storage at 40 °C, the amount of epoxides rapidly decreases.
Novel milling fluid saves time, cuts costs (1987)

A very high carrying capacity milling fluid, in conjunction with custom-designed mills, enable Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd. to speed milling and cut costs on Claymore platform in the North Sea. The new fluid kept the mill face clean, allowing it to cut fresh casing instead of regrinding shavings. The fluid circulated out cuttings up to several inches long, together with pieces of downhole tool weighing as much as 10 lb (4.5 kg). Fluid properties were designed for quick shear thinning at the surface so metal cuttings could be removed before they were recirculated through the pumps.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intranasal Midazolam and Chloral Hydrate for Procedural Sedation in Children (2015)

Intranasal midazolam and chloral hydrate are both safe and efficacious for pediatric procedural sedation. Chloral hydrate was superior to intranasal midazolam, with an earlier time to onset of sedation, a faster recovery, better satisfaction among parents and the audiologist, and successful sedation.
Transforming growth factor‐β<sub>1</sub> inhibits expression of selenoprotein P in cultured human liver cells (1999)

The effect of cytokines on the expression of selenoprotein P (SeP) in the human liver cell line HepG2 was investigated. Treatment with interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha had no effect on SeP levels in culture media or on SeP mRNA expression. Conversely, Western analysis revealed a dose-dependent reduction of SeP content in culture medium after treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 with an 1C50 of 31 pM. Treatment with 100 pM TGF-51 for 48 h led to a decrease to 21 +/- 9% of controls. RT-PCR analysis of SeP mRNA expression demonstrated an inhibition of SeP transcription to 40+/-2% of control levels after 24 h. The expression of a luciferase reporter construct under control of the human SeP promoter was downregulated by TGF-beta1 treatment in a dose-dependent fashion indicating a transcriptional regulation of the SeP gene by TGF-beta1.
Enabling practical surface acoustic wave nebulizer drug delivery via amplitude modulation (2014)

A practical, commercially viable microfluidic device relies upon the miniaturization and integration of all its components--including pumps, circuitry, and power supply--onto a chip-based platform. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have become popular in microfluidic manipulation, in solving the problems of microfluidic manipulation, but practical applications employing SAW still require more power than available via a battery. Introducing amplitude modulation at 0.5-40 kHz in SAW nebulization, which requires the highest energy input levels of all known SAW microfluidic processes, halves the power required to 1.5 W even while including the power in the sidebands, suitable for small lithium ion batteries, and maintains the nebulization rate, size, and size distributions vital to drug inhalation therapeutics. This simple yet effective means to enable an integrated SAW microfluidics device for nebulization exploits the relatively slow hydrodynamics and is furthermore shown to deliver shear-sensitive biomolecules--plasmid DNA and antibodies as exemplars of future pulmonary gene and vaccination therapies--undamaged in the nebulized mist. Altogether, the approach demonstrates a means to offer truly micro-scale microfluidics devices in a handheld, battery powered SAW nebulization device.
Different current conduction mechanisms through thin high-<i>k</i> HfxTiySizO films due to the varying Hf to Ti ratio (2004)

We have investigated the electrical behavior of high permittivity (high-k) hafnium–titanium–silicate (HfxTiySizO) layers with different Hf:Ti ratios in the films. The films are prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of two single source precursors. Oxide and interface charges, leakage currents and conduction mechanisms are found to be a strong function of the film composition. The films with Hf content less than 10 at. % show lower levels of oxide and interface charges and higher dielectric constant whereas those with Hf content higher than 15 at. % have better leakage current properties. A strong evidence is presented that in films with Hf content lower than 10 at. % the conduction process is governed by a phonon-assisted tunneling, i.e., it is defined rather by the intrinsic properties of the material than by its defect structure.
Capacitor Discharge Ignition<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="fn">*</xref> (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a new electronic ignition system which provides trouble-free operation, while extending spark plug life to a warranted 50,000 miles or more. Design considerations are discussed that led to the development of a high-voltage capacitor discharge system whose performance justifies its premium cost.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It describes how output voltage, available energy and output voltage rise time (the three major properties that determine overall ignition system performance) are used to establish the design features for new electronic ignition systems. Specific considerations are examined in detail, and appropriate mathematical computations are reviewed; for example, it is shown how energy storage and time constant relationships can be used to derive conditions for achieving ignition at higher engine speeds.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Engineering data, such as spark plug firing voltage as a function of pressure, characteristic response curves based on ignition frequency, and spark plug fouling rate as a function of voltage rise time, are used to compare this new system with conventional ignition systems as well as with transistor ignition designs. Conclusions are drawn that relate the new ignition's performance capability to high reliability applications and extended warranty periods.</div>
Omega-Applications to On-Station Positioning (1966)

Omega is a very long-range VLF navigation system generating hyperbolic lines-of-position by phase difference measurements. Omega system applications described herein are based on results obtained from transmissions on the primary frequency of 10.2 kHz. Equivalent results with lane identification will be available through use of other frequencies in the multi-signal format; 13.6 and 11.333 kHz. Results from the experimental system have demonstrated an absolute rms accuracy of one-half to one mile in areas of good geometry and a relative accuracy for at-sea station keeping of one-third mile, or less. A system consisting of eight suitably sited stations is expected to yield the same absolute accuracy and a relative accuracy of the order of 200 yards (within 100-mile range; area 20,000 square-mile) over the entire surface of the earth. This paper describes applications of Omega to areas where other navigation systems would be nonexistent for positioning of instrumentation ships.