gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nucleoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 1 and Sendai virus share amino acid sequences and antigenic and structural determinants (1991)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) was determined from a cDNA clone of mRNA. The mRNA is 1683 nucleotides long (excluding polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 524 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 57,548. An amino acid identity of 83% was predicted between the NPs of the human pathogen hPIV-1 and the murine paramyxovirus, Sendai virus, compared to 72% similarity at the level of the nucleotide sequence. In contrast, the amino acid sequence identity between the NPs of hPIV-1 and hPIV-3 was 59%, suggesting a more distant evolutionary relationship. The NP amino acid sequences of hPIV-1 and Sendai virus were highly conserved in the amino-terminal half of the molecule, in which 395 of the first 420 amino acids were identical. Of 11 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against the Sendai virus NP, five cross-reacted with the hPIV-1 NP. The MAbs that cross-reacted recognize epitopes within regions of high amino acid similarity between the NPs of the two viruses. Also, five of the eight MAbs raised against hPIV-1 NP cross-reacted with Sendai virus NP. Taken together, our observations suggest that the essential amino acid sequence determinants of the NP structures of hPIV-1 and Sendai virus are conserved despite changes in their nucleotide sequences during evolution. This implies that there was a selective pressure to maintain the important functional domains of the protein.
Novel gp91 <sup> <i>phox</i> </sup> Homologues in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

Emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are important regulators of vascular function. Although NAD(P)H oxidases have been implicated as major sources of superoxide in the vessel wall, the molecular identity of these proteins remains unclear. We recently cloned nox1 (formerly mox-1), a member of a new family of gp91(phox) homologues, and showed that it is expressed in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we examined the expression of three nox family members, nox1, nox4, and gp91(phox), in VSMCs, their regulation by angiotensin II (Ang II), and their role in redox-sensitive signaling. We found that both nox1 and nox4 are expressed to a much higher degree than gp91(phox) in VSMCS: Although serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and Ang II downregulated nox4, they markedly upregulated nox1, suggesting that this enzyme may account for the delayed phase of superoxide production in these cells. Furthermore, an adenovirus expressing antisense nox1 mRNA completely inhibited the early phase of superoxide production induced by Ang II or PDGF and significantly decreased activation of the redox-sensitive signaling molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt by Ang II. In contrast, redox-independent pathways induced by PDGF or Ang II were unaffected. These data support a role for nox1 in redox signaling in VSMCs and provide insight into the molecular identity of the VSMC NAD(P)H oxidase and its potentially critical role in vascular disease.
2-deoxyglucose inhibits chemotheapeutic drug-induced apoptosis in human monocytic leukemia U937 cells ith inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/stress-activated protein kinase activation (1998)

Human monocytic leukemia U937 cells undergo apoptosis when treated with antitumor drugs, such as etoposide, camptothecin and mitomycin C. The molecular mechanism of the drug-induced apoptosis is not well understood. In this study, we found that 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), an analog of D-glucose and an inducer of glucose-regulated stress, inhibited anticancer drug-induced but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of U937 cells. 2DG did not reduce initial cellular damage caused by etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, suggesting that 2DG affected subsequent cellular responses involved in apoptosis. 2DG inhibited the etoposide-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK1/SAPK) and the subsequent activation of CPP32, both of which are positive regulators for etoposide-induced apoptosis of U937 cells. Our results indicate that 2DG inhibits apoptosis by blocking the signals from cellular DNA damage for JNK1/SAPK activation.
Testicular Microvascular Blood Flow: Alteration After Leydig Cell Eradication and Ischemia but not Experimental Varicocele (1996)

Testicular microvascular blood flow is known to exhibit vasomotion, or pulsatile flow. In the present study we have used laser-Doppler flowmetry to study microvascular blood flow in the rat testis and to examine the response of the microvasculature to pharmacological stimulation and pathophysiological conditions. With a mean microvascular flow rate of 13.3 +/- 1.7 perfusion units (PU), the mean cycle amplitude was 3.4 +/- 0.6 PU, and the cycle frequency was 10.3 +/- 0.8 cycles per minute. Blood flow parameters did not differ between left and right testes, between scrotal testes and testes in a 35 degree C glass testicle receptacle, or among testicular regions. Perifusion of seminiferous tubules and their vasculature with 0.1 microgram/microliter epinephrine significantly reduced microvascular blood flow and eliminated vasomotion. Elimination of Leydig cells and intratesticular testosterone also eliminated vasomotion but did not significantly alter mean blood flow rates. Thirty days after imposition of experimental left varicocele (ELV) there were no significant changes in microvascular blood flow parameters. Testicular torsion of sufficient degree and duration to destroy spermatogenesis did not induce a change in mean microvascular blood flow rate 24 hours after repair of torsion, but testicular vasomotion was eliminated in the majority of animals. We conclude that microvascular flow is altered in some testicular pathologies and not in others. The mechanisms underlying changes in microvascular blood flow are at present unknown.
Enhanced Visual Acuity and Image Perception Following Correction of Highly Aberrated Eyes Using an Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator (2010)

The adaptive optics visual simulator can effectively measure and compensate for higher order aberrations (second to fifth order), which are associated with diminished visual acuity and perception in highly aberrated eyes. The adaptive optics technology may be of clinical benefit when counseling patients with highly aberrated eyes regarding their maximum subjective potential for vision correction.
Dicalcium silicate in blast-furnace slag: a critical review of the implications for aggregate stability (2002)

Small amounts of β dicalcium silicate can occur in certain blast-furnace slags and in some cases it may invert expansively to the γ form during cooling, fracturing the surrounding material if sufficient inversion occurs. The consequent fragmentation ('falling') of the slag may take some days to become fully developed. If the slags are to be used as aggregates, a test is necessary to allow any such weakened batches to be distinguished at an early stage from those which are sound. In 2004 BS 1047, which imposes chemical limits on air-cooled blast-furnace slag, will be replaced by a European Standard with an ultraviolet lamp test for 'falling' slags. A review of the literature is employed to establish what test is most appropriate so that blast-furnace slag can contribute best to the growing need for secondary aggregates. In the 1960s a belief developed in Britain that β dicalcium silicate that did not invert during the cooling of a slag might do so destructively at some later date—a postulated phenomenon known as 'late falling'. This belief has dominated attitudes to specifications for blast-furnace slag in Britain (but nowhere else) since then. Examination of the origin of this belief shows it to have been based initially on misinterpretations of earlier work and subsequently on uncritical repetition from one publication to the next. In fact, there is no conclusive evidence that this phenomenon has ever occurred, let alone affected the quality of an aggregate. For rapid identification of weakened slags the ultraviolet test appears suitable. The chemical clauses and the microscope test of BS 1047 have no obvious value in indicating slag quality to customers and their image of mathematical precision is also undeserved.
Expression of oncomodulin does not lead to the transformation or immortalization of mammalian cells <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

A recombinant plasmid (pMTONCO) containing the coding sequences for rat oncomodulin under the direction of the metallothionein promoter was constructed. pMTONCO was co-transfected with the pSV2-NEO plasmid into primary mouse kidney cells or Rat-1 cells using the calcium phosphate technique and stable transformants were isolated after selection with G418. Transcription from the metallothionein promoter was inducible with heavy metals and produced an oncomodulin-specific mRNA. The presence of oncomodulin protein in stable cell lines was verified by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. While a plasmid encoding the polyomavirus T-antigens was able to prolong the life-span of primary mouse kidney cells in culture, no equivalent activity was noted when the pMTONCO plasmid was used to transfect primary cells. When expressed in Rat-1 cells, oncomodulin did not affect the growth properties of these cells, nor did it predispose cells to higher frequencies of oncogenic transformation to a viral oncogene. We conclude that oncomodulin is neither an immortalizing nor transforming agent in vitro.
Surface Downregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I, PE-CAM, and ICAM-1 following De Novo Infection of Endothelial Cells with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (2003)

Under selective pressure from host cytotoxic T lymphocytes, many viruses have evolved to downregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and/or T-cell costimulatory molecules from the surface of infected cells. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes two proteins, MIR-1 and MIR-2, that serve this function during lytic replication. In vivo, however, KSHV exists in a predominantly latent state, with less than 5% of infected cells expressing discernible lytic gene products. Thus, mechanisms of immune evasion that depend on genes expressed only during lytic replication are unlikely to be active in most KSHV-infected cells. As a result, we searched for evidence of similar defensive strategies extant during latency, employing culture systems that strongly favor latent KSHV infection. We measured cell surface levels of immunomodulatory proteins on both primary dermal microvascular endothelial cells (pDMVEC) infected through coculture with induced primary effusion lymphoma cells and telomerase-immortalized DMVEC infected directly with cell-free virus. Employing a panel of antibodies against several endothelial cell surface proteins, we show that de novo infection with KSHV leads to the downregulation of MHC class I, CD31 (PE-CAM), and CD54 (ICAM-I) but not CD58 (LFA-3) or CD95 (Fas). Furthermore, flow cytometry with a fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody to the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) revealed that downregulation occurred predominantly on KSHV-infected (LANA-positive) cells. Although the vast majority of infected cells displayed this downregulation, less than 1% expressed either immediate-early or late lytic proteins detectable by immunofluorescence. Together, these results suggest that downregulation of immunomodulatory proteins on the surface of target cells may represent a constitutive mode of immune evasion employed by KSHV following de novo infection.
Automatic generation of reliable e-commerce payment processes (2002)

The most important phase in e-commerce interactions is the payment, due to the transfer of sensitive information (e.g., credit card numbers). A couple of requirements exist both from the point of view of a customer and from the merchant's perspective. This set of requirements is even enlarged when complex interactions are considered in which a customer purchases goods originating from different merchants within one single e-commerce transaction. We show how all these different requirements of payment interactions can be seamlessly integrated in transactional payment processes. These processes are generated automatically based on the customer's specification of the e-commerce transaction (involved participants, means of payment, etc.). We present the basic structure of such payment processes, how the requirements are mapped into these processes and how they can be generated automatically. Furthermore, we present the architecture of a payment coordinator that has been implemented within the INVENT project. This payment coordinator controls the execution of transactional payment processes, thereby keeping track of the interactions with the various participants.
Hard‐Surface Cleaning Using Lipases: Enzyme–Surfactant Interactions and Washing Tests (2007)

Abstract A commercial lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) from Thermomyces lanuginosus was studied in order to assess its interaction with commercial nonionic (Findet ® 1214N/16, Findet 1214N/23 and Glucopon ® 650) and anionic (linear alkylbenzene sulphonate; LAS) surfactants, as well as the cleaning action exerted by the enzyme on hard surfaces. Nonionic surfactants seem to prevent or delay enzyme penetration at the interface, thereby decreasing lipase activity. Notably, no inhibitory effect of the anionic surfactant LAS on lipase action was found, higher conversions being achieved after 20 min of enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of this surfactant than in its absence. A device for testing detersive performance, the so‐called bath–substrate–flow, was used in washing experiments with the lipase at different temperatures with or without surfactant. Employing two different oily stains (tributyrin and triolein), it was found that the lipase by itself increases detergency significantly, preventing the subsequent redeposition of the removed dirt. Expressions relating detersive efficiency to lipase concentration and temperature were obtained using “Statistical Design of Experiments” methodology.
Image processing using acoustic surface waves (1973)

An application of acoustic surface waves for image processing is reported. The information compression of videophone signals takes advantage of the so-called Hadamard transformation. Acoustic-surface-wave tapped delay lines are efficient for the achievement of such a transform in a low-cost real-time device. The results of initial experiments are reported.
[Collodion baby with transition to mild lamellar ichthyosis.Clinical course, histopathology and ultrastructural findings]. (1991)

The case of a collodion baby in whom the condition evolved into a mild form of lamellar ichthyosis is presented. The clinical course was impressive: the hard, collodion-like horny membrane started to crack soon after the birth and had detached completely at the 9th day of life; after a few more days, almost complete clearing of the skin had occurred. At the age of 10 months, the child had only a very mild lamellar ichthyosis. Whereas light microscopy revealed only compact hyperkeratosis on the 1st day of life, electron microscopy suggested a favourable prognosis even at this early stage, which has been corroborated by the ensuing clinical course.
Ruthenium-Doped Semi-Insulating InP-Buried InGaAlAs/InAlAs Multi-Quantum-Well Modulators (2002)

Ruthenium(Ru)-doped InP-buried electro-absorption optical modulators are demonstrated for the first time. Ru-doped InP-burying semi-insulating layers were grown by conventional metal-organic vapor phase epitaxial growth (MOVPE) with phosphin. Semi-insulating layers with high resistivities of 108–109 Ω·cm were obtained easily and reproducibly. The capacitance and the leakage current of the modulators were reduced significantly because the interdiffusion between the transition metal and zinc decreased.
Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein associates with the cytoskeleton in tobacco cells. (1995)

Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein P30 complexes with genomic viral RNA for transport through plasmodesmata, the plant intercellular connections. Although most research with P30 focuses on its targeting to and gating of plasmodesmata, the mechanisms of P30 intracellular movement to plasmodesmata have not been defined. To examine P30 intracellular localization, we used tobacco protoplasts, which lack plasmodesmata, for transfection with plasmids carrying P30 coding sequences under a constitutive promoter and for infection with tobacco mosaic virus particles. In both systems, P30 appears as filaments that colocalize primarily with microtubules. To a lesser extent, P30 filaments colocalize with actin filaments, and in vitro experiments suggested that P30 can bind directly to actin and tubulin. This association of P30 with cytoskeletal elements may play a critical role in intracellular transport of the P30-viral RNA complex through the cytoplasm to and possibly through plasmodesmata.
Onset of Action of Sacral Neuromodulation in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction—What is the Optimal Duration of Test Stimulation? (2017)

The results imply that a test stimulation of more than 2 weeks is not necessary if a cutoff of 50% or greater improvement is adopted. However, further improvement can be expected with prolonged test stimulation. This might be important since it might have implications for long-term results.
Induction of Influenza A Virus Cross-reactive Cytotoxic T Cells by a Nucleoprotein/Haemagglutinin Preparation (1985)

An ammonium deoxycholate fraction from bromelain-treated influenza A virus was highly enriched for virus nucleoprotein and contained residual haemagglutinin (NP/HA). The preparation did not contain detectable levels of matrix or neuraminidase proteins and was free of infectious virus. NP/HA effectively primed mice for cytotoxic T cells which lysed syngeneic cells infected with any type A influenza virus. Furthermore, NP/HA generated A-type virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells when added in vitro to spleen cells from mice previously primed with infectious influenza A virus. These properties imply that NP/HA has potential as a vaccine for heterotypic influenza A immunity.
A Method of Passage-Based Document Retrieval in Question Answering System (2015)

We propose a method for using the scoring values of passages to effectively retrieve documents in a Question Answering system. For this, we suggest evaluation function that considers proximity between each question terms in passage. And using this evaluation function , we extract a documents which involves scoring values in the highest collection, as a suitable document for question. The proposed method is very effective in document retrieval of Korean question answering system.
Biodegradable poly(ether‐ester) multiblock copolymers for controlled release applications: An <i>in vivo</i> evaluation (2004)

Multiblock poly(ether-ester)s based on poly(ethylene glycol), butylene terephthalate, and butylene succinate segments were evaluated for their in vivo degradation and biocompatibility in order to establish a correlation with previously reported in vitro results. Porous polymer sheets were implanted subcutaneously for 32 weeks in rats. The degradation was monitored visually (histology), by molecular weight (GPC), and by copolymer composition (NMR). Substitution of the aromatic terephthalate units by aliphatic succinate units was shown to accelerate the degradation rate of the copolymers. Direct correlation of the in vivo and in vitro degradation of the porous implants showed a slightly faster initial molecular weight decrease in vivo. Besides hydrolysis, oxidation occurs in vivo due to the presence of radicals produced by inflammatory cells. In addition, the higher molecular weight plateau of the residue found in vivo indicated a higher solubility of the oligomers in the extracellular fluid compared to a phosphate buffer. Minor changes in the poly(ether-ester) compositions were noted due to degradation. Microscopically, fragmentation of the porous implants was observed in time. At later stages of degradation, macrophages were observed phagocytozing small polymer particles. Both in vitro cytotoxicity studies and histology on in vivo samples proved the biocompatibility of the poly(ether-ester)s.
<title>Laser microstructuring of surfaces for improving their tribological performance</title> (2001)

The controlled laser microstructuring of solid surfaces improves their wear properties: microholes induced on a friction surface can act like lubricant reservoirs and as traps for debris particles. In generating such microstructures, the laser has the advantage of its great versatility, since it can be used in various environments and it can be adapted to a wide range of desired structures. In this work metallic surfaces where precisely and reproducibly patterned on a micrometer scale by an industrial, Q-switch-operated Nd:YAG laser. The duration of the pulses was 100 ns FWHM. For laser ablation in this pulse length range local melting and vaporing govern the mechanisms of materials expulsion and the melt ejection occurs through the vapor pressure gradient, yielding the formation of resolidified droplets and rims on the target surface.
New approaches to service restoration in MPLS-based networks (2002)

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) has emerged as the technology of choice for future IP networks. As the demands put on networks increase, MPLS can serve as the basis for providing better reliability, manageability, and overall quality of service. This paper proposes a new approach to service restoration in MPLS networks based on the concept of domain protection, where protection of paths leading from all ingress routers to a common egress router is calculated in one step. The scheme allows a flexible protection path placement independent of the working path placement. Protection paths are calculated using an algorithm with low polynomial complexity. We discuss a mechanism for switching over to the protection paths after a failure is detected. It ensures faster switching time, minimal loss and packet re-ordering. A simulation study is used to evaluate the benefits of the proposed scheme and to compare it with two recently proposed schemes for MPLS restoration: RSVP (resource reservation protocol) backup tunnels and fast reroute. The results show that the proposed scheme provides a better solution than the fast reroute scheme and comparable protection to the RSVP backup tunnels while exhibiting lower algorithmic complexity. Unlike the proposed scheme, both fast reroute and RSVP backup tunnels require simultaneous calculation of working and protection paths in order to guarantee a link disjoint placement.
A rapid micro method for recording red cell osmotic fragility by continuous decrease of salt concentration (1963)

A single volume of 0.075 ml. of a 1 in 10 dilution of whole blood in isotonic NaCl solution is introduced into a container cell, two walls of which are made of a dialysing membrane. The container cell is introduced into a test tube of distilled water, placed in an instrument which is essentially a colorimeter with a recorder, between the source of light and the photoelectric cell. Dialysis through the membrane results in a continuous decrease in the salt concentration of the medium surrounding the erythrocytes. The measurement of the degree of haemolysis is based on the increasing transparency of the erythrocyte suspension while haemolysis takes place. Recording this increasing light transmission as a function of time, i.e., as a function of decreasing salt concentration, yields the osmotic fragility curve. The automatically recorded curve is obtained in less than 10 minutes.