gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double closed-loop resonator fiber optic gyro with improved digital serrodyne modulation (2013)

A double closed-loop resonator fiber optic gyro (RFOG) with an improved digital serrodyne scheme is experimentally demonstrated. To overcome the effect of the imperfect serrodyne modulation, an improved frequency shifting module is designed and constructed on a single FPGA. The frequency resolution is improved to 0.01Hz, which is equivalent to a rotation rate of 0.04°/h. A bias stability of 2°/h is achieved in a double closed-loop RFOG with a 14.25-m long fiber ring resonator. This is the best result reported to date, to the best of our knowledge, for closed-loop RFOGs. Moreover, good linearity and large dynamic range are also experimentally demonstrated thanks to the closed-loop operation.
Hyperreactive Arterial Endothelial Cells in Atherogenesis and Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor in Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Disorders (1975)

The hyperreactive arterial endothelial cells have been introduced in this paper. They are characterized by their ability to transport particles too large for the small holes of the internal elastic lamina locating underneath the endothelial cells, such as carbon particles with the similar size of LDL, floating beta-lipoprotein, Lp(a) and especially of VLDL, into the subendothelial space from the blood stream by their abnormally strong contracting and phagocytosis-like activity. Large particles such as carbon particles with a size of 200 to 700 angstrom are too large to penetrate further through holes of the internal elastic lamina from the subendothelial space to muscular layers of the arterial wall, resulting in stagnating for a long time in the subendothelial space, thus showing the atherogenic property of the hyperreactive arterial endothelial cells. Such endothelial cells appear spotty and streaky in the localized endothelial lining of predominantly susceptible parts to atherosclerosis in susceptible animal species such as rabbit, chicken, and rhesus monkey especially densely in their atheromatous lesions, but do not generally appear in non-susceptible animals to atherosclerosis like rate and dog. They are extremely few in infant rabbit, but increase by age.They appear in hypertensive rat, showing a characteristic distribution even in small groups of arteriessuch as the circle of Willis. Cyclic AMP, and especially dibutyryl cyclic AMP, exhibited an inhibitory effect on the hyperreactivity of those cells. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, EG467 and eg626, exhibited a powerful inhibitory effect on the contracting and phagocytosis-like activity of those cells, as in the case of pyridinolcarbamate, which enhances enzymes to produce ATP and inhibits slightly cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, although its inhibitory effect on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is weaker than that of EF467 and EG626. The usefulness of the inhibitors on cyclic AMP phospodiesterase of arterial endothelial cells and platelets and on that of brain, such as EG467 AND EG626, has been suggested in the treatment of atherosclerotic disorders, especially of cerebral atherosclerosis. Some of the hitherto desperate mental disability of the aged seem to be a promising target for treatment with cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Conversion of Methanol to 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (Triptane) over Indium(III) Iodide (2007)

InI3 is able to catalyze the conversion of methanol to a mixture of hydrocarbons at 200 degrees C with one highly branched alkane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (triptane), being obtained in high selectivity. The mechanism for InI3-catalyzed reactions appears to be basically the same as that proposed for the previously studied ZnI2-catalyzed system in which sequential methylation of olefins is followed by competing reactions of the resulting carbocation: proton loss to give the next olefin vs hydride transfer to give the corresponding alkane. Although the reaction conditions and typical triptane yields achievable with ZnI2 and InI3 are quite similar, the two systems behave rather differently in a number of important particulars, including significant differences between the detailed product distributions. Most of the differences in behavior can be ascribed to the stronger Lewis acidity of InI3, including the ability to activate some alkanes, the higher activity for methylation of arenes, and the fact that methanol conversion can be observed at somewhat lower temperatures with InI3 than with ZnI2.
Identifying and validating biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (2010)

The identification and validation of biomarkers for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia are increasingly important. To date, ELISA measurement of β-amyloid(1-42), total tau and phospho-tau-181 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most advanced and accepted method to diagnose probable AD with high specificity and sensitivity. However, it is a great challenge to search for novel biomarkers in CSF and blood by using modern potent methods, such as microarrays and mass spectrometry, and to optimize the handling of samples (e.g. collection, transport, processing, and storage), as well as the interpretation using bioinformatics. It seems likely that only a combined analysis of several biomarkers will define a patient-specific signature to diagnose AD in the future.
Morphological instability of misfit-strained core-shell nanowires (2008)

We investigate the morphological instability of a misfit-strained cylindrical core-shell nanowire by performing a linear stability analysis. For this aim, the stress and strain distributions of a core-shell nanowire with a sinusoidally perturbed surface are calculated to first order, properly accounting for the core-shell interface. In addition, the effect of surface stress on the stress and/or strain distributions is considered. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanosized objects, this is indispensable. The outcome of the stability analysis is threefold: First, our calculation shows that surface stress strongly influences the nature of the fastest growing mode of perturbation. It turns out that the axially symmetric mode does not necessarily grow fastest. Second, we find that the system is most unstable in the initial phase of shell growth, i.e., for thin shell thicknesses. Interestingly, considering thin shells and large misfits $(\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3%)$, we find that there exists a core radius for which stability becomes maximal. Under the conditions considered this radius is in the range of about 5--10 nm. Third, there exists a parameter range for which the experimental observation that Ge-rich islands grown on thick silicon nanowires tend to be aligned in two rows on the opposite sides of the nanowire agrees with the outcome of our calculation.
A Novel CTX-M β-Lactamase (CTX-M-8) in Cefotaxime-Resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Isolated in Brazil (2000)

To estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1996 and 1997. Four strains (Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp CTX-M probe. The P. mirabilis strain produced a CTX-M-2 enzyme. The E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, and C. amalonaticus isolates harbored a bla gene which was identified by cloning and sequencing as a bla(CTX-M) gene. E. coli HB101 transconjugants and the E. coli DH5alpha transformant harboring a recombinant plasmid produced a CTX-M beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 7.6 conferring a resistance phenotype characterized by a higher level of resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime, as observed with the other CTX-M enzymes. The deduced protein sequence showed a novel Ambler class A CTX-M enzyme, named CTX-M-8, which had 83 to 88% identity with the previously described CTX-M enzymes. The phylogenic study of the CTX-M family including CTX-M-8 revealed four CTX-M types, CTX-M-8 being the first member of a new phylum of CTX-M enzymes. The evolutionary distances between the four types of CTX-M were large, suggesting that the four clusters branched off early from a distant unknown enzyme and that intermediate enzymes probably existed.
Extending and Implementing the Stable Model Semantics (2000)

An algorithm for computing the stable model semantics of logic programs is developed. It is shown that one can extend the semantics and the algorithm to handle new and more expressive types of rules. Emphasis is placed on the use of efficient implementation techniques. In particular, an implementation of lookahead that safely avoids testing every literal for failure and that makes the use of lookahead feasible is presented. In addition, a good heuristic is derived from the principle that the search space should be minimized. Due to the lack of competitive algorithms and implementations for the computation of stable models, the system is compared with three satisfiability solvers. This shows that the heuristic can be improved by breaking ties, but leaves open the question of how to break them. It also demonstrates that the more expressive rules of the stable model semantics make the semantics clearly preferable over propositional logic when a problem has a more compact logic program representation. Conjunctive normal form representations are never more compact than logic program ones.
Aminosäure‐thionester und Endothiopeptide, II (1961)

Abstract An der Aminogruppe geschützte Aminonitrile lassen sich über die Aminosäure‐imidoester in die Aminosäure‐thionester überführen. Mit Ammoniak, primären Aminen und Aminosäuren lassen sich daraus in guten Ausbeuten Thioamide und Endothiopeptide gewinnen.
Psychopharmacology of old age (1983)

This symposium examines recent advances in the study the ageing process as it affects the mind, and the pharmacological means by which this process can be manipulated.
A Generalized SOC-OCV Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries and the SOC Estimation for LNMCO Battery (2016)

A state-of-charge (SOC) versus open-circuit-voltage (OCV) model developed for batteries should preferably be simple, especially for real-time SOC estimation. It should also be capable of representing different types of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), regardless of temperature change and battery degradation. It must therefore be generic, robust and adaptive, in addition to being accurate. These challenges have now been addressed by proposing a generalized SOC-OCV model for representing a few most widely used LIBs. The model is developed from analyzing electrochemical processes of the LIBs, before arriving at the sum of a logarithmic, a linear and an exponential function with six parameters. Values for these parameters are determined by a nonlinear estimation algorithm, which progressively shows that only four parameters need to be updated in real time. The remaining two parameters can be kept constant, regardless of temperature change and aging. Fitting errors demonstrated with different types of LIBs have been found to be within 0.5%. The proposed model is thus accurate, and can be flexibly applied to different LIBs, as verified by hardware-in-the-loop simulation designed for real-time SOC estimation.
Emergency Calls in Flow-Aware Networks (2007)

In this paper it is shown that flow-aware networks (FAN), although providing superior transmission quality, may force us to wait for the network resources. Such a situation is inconvenient for the realization of emergency VoIP connections. In order to overcome the presented problem, differentiated blocking along with the static router configuration approach is presented, and it is believed to be a simple, adequate, and above all, feasible solution.
Rotation axis demultiplexer enabling simultaneous computed tomography of multiple samples (2016)

This paper describes a device that allows for simultaneous tomographic imaging of samples on three independent rotational axes. This rotation axis demultiplexer (POLYTOM) is equipped with anti-backlash gears and placed on a standard sample rotation stage thus allowing for the transformation of the input rotation axis onto two additional parallel vertical axes. Consequently, three times the number of samples can be investigated within a given time period, thereby reducing the acquisition time of multiple sample tomographic investigations by a factor of three. The results of our pilot experiments using neutron tomographic imaging are presented. We foresee that the device will be of particular use for tomographic imaging of elongated samples at low-flux (e.g. neutron) sources; however, its use for the more widespread types of imaging techniques (e.g. X-rays) is not ruled out. The highlights of this new device for the purpose of the (neutron) computed tomography are: •Anti-backlash transformation of the input rotation onto two additional rotational axes.•Reduction of the acquisition time of the multiple sample tomographic investigations by a factor of three.•Low-cost.
Quantitation of Plasma Apolipoproteins in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (1994)

Too few large prospective studies of apolipoprotein quantitation using validated assay methods, both in general unselected populations and in subgroups of persons with premature coronary artery disease or family histories of premature coronary artery disease, are available to make definitive recommendations concerning clinical utility. The data do not support use of apolipoprotein quantitation as a screening tool to predict coronary artery disease risk in the general population. However, the data suggest that quantitation of apo B and Lp(a) may be indicated in subgroups of persons with premature coronary artery disease or with family histories of premature coronary artery disease. In these persons, an increased apo B or Lp(a) level or both could be a clinical indication for more aggressive treatment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Positive and negative regulatory DNA elements including a CCArGG box are involved in the cell type-specific expression of the human muscle dystrophin gene. (1992)

The muscle-specific promoter of the dystrophin gene is active in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles and is specifically stimulated during differentiation of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes. An 850-base pair (bp) DNA fragment upstream from the cap site is able to confer a partial muscle specificity to a reporter gene. The region between -850 and -140 bp includes nonspecific negative and positive regulatory sequences. A continuous stretch of 140 bp upstream from the cap site exhibits a striking conservation between rodents and human (93% homology) and still retains muscle preference of expression. It contains two putative binding sites for factors involved in regulation of other muscle-specific genes, a CCArGG box and an E box. This latter element, however, is unable to confer the ability to be transactivated by MyoD1 to the dystrophin promoter. The -140-bp promoter fragment exhibits antagonist effects contributed by one inhibiting sequence (nucleotide -140/-96), active in all cell types, and one activating region, from nucleotide -96 to the cap site, sufficient to confer a muscle preference of expression, in which the CCArGG box seems to play a major role.
GENETIC CONTROL OF VARIATION IN A SELECTED POPULATION OF ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS ANGUSTUS) (1979)

Progenies from a six-genotype diallel cross in Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) were studied to assess the pattern of genetic control for F 1 seed weight and a number of seedling and adult plant characters. Variation in F 1 seed weight was largely determined by the maternal parent, but some control by the pollen parent was apparent. Gene action was additive, but some nonadditive genetic effects were also present. All of the seedling characters, days to emerge, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield showed additive control which is amenable to direct selection. Diallel analyses indicated that the adult plant characters, days to inflorescence appearance, digestible organic matter, total dry matter yield and total seed yield were controlled by strong additive control which is amenable to direct selection. The seedling characters, rate of leaf appearance, rate of tiller appearance and seedling dry matter yield were interrelated but only rate of tiller appearance was associated with adult plant yield.
Osteoprotegerin Deficiency and Juvenile Paget's Disease (2002)

Juvenile Paget's disease can result from osteoprotegerin deficiency caused by homozygous deletion of TNFRSF11B.
Preparation of Optically Pure<i>tert</i>‐Leucine by Penicillin G Acylase‐Catalyzed Resolution (2006)

Penicillin G acylase, from Kluyvera citrophila, was used in kinetic resolution of DL-tert-leucine. N-phenylacetylated-DL-tert-leucine, chemically synthesized from DL-tert-leucine, was enantioselctively hydrolyzed by penicillin G acylase to obtain L-tert-leucine, D-tert-leucine was prepared by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the remaining substrate. The total yields of D-tert-leucine and L-tert-leucine are 80.6% and 83.1%, respectively. The enantiomeric excess of the two products, D-tert-leucine and L-tert-leucine, are 98.5% and 99%. This is a practical way for the preparation of D-tert-leucine and L-tert-leucine.
Inactivation of bacteriophages by .EPSILON.-poly-l-lycine produced by streptomyces. (1982)

Some basic amino acids and their polymers are known to have antiphage activities.1 ~3) Recently, Murata et a/.4'5) reported on the inactivation of various phages by L-lysine monomer. We have obtained a novel type of L-lysine polymer, e-poly-L-lysine (n=25~30, -PL), as a
Serum procalcitonin levels in bacterial and viral meningitis (1999)

Crit Care 1999, 3 3 ( (s su up pp pl l 1 1) ):P1 I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n: : Critically ill patients requiring intensive care are at risk of iatrogenic ocular damage. Studies have reported an incidence of eye problems of up to 40% in critically ill ventilated patients. We conducted this study to assess the incidence of ocular complications in our intensive care unit where all patients are cared for according to an eye care standard.
The use of metalion‐supplemented buffers to enhance the resolution of peptides in capillary zone electrophoresis (1990)

The potential of metal ion-containing buffers to enhance the resolution of peptides in capillary zone electrophoresis was evaluated. The impact of adding Cu(II) and Zn(II) salts to electrophoresis buffers is shown to affect the migrational behavior of several dipeptides containing histidine. Interaction with a metal ion differentially decreases the electrophoretic mobilities of peptides which comigrate in the absence of metal ions, thus causing their separation. This effect is obtained at low pH where the large net charge on the samples yields short analysis times. The dependence of the resolution on Zn(II) concentration is presented for two different samples. The influence of the background buffer is discussed.
A generalized procedure for constructing an upwind-based TVD scheme (1987)

A generalized formulation for constructing second- and higher-order accurate TVD (total variation diminishing) schemes is presented. A given scheme is made TVD by limiting antidiffusive flux differences with some linear functions, so-called limiters. The general idea of the formulation and its mathematical proof of Harten's TVD conditions is shown by applying the Lax-Wendroff method to scalar nonlinear equations and a constant-coefficient system of conservation laws. For the system of equations, several definitions are derived for the argument used in the limiter function and present their performance in numerical experiments. The formulation is extended to the nonlinear system. It is demonstrated that the present procedure can easily convert existing central or upwind, and second- or higher-order differencing schemes to preserve monotonicity and yield physically admissible solutions. The formulation is simple mathematically as well as numerically; both matrix-vector multiplication and Riemann solver are avoided. Although the notion of TVD is based on the initial value problem, application to the steady Euler equations of the formulation is also made.
Intrinsic Electron Accumulation at Clean InN Surfaces (2004)

The electronic structure of clean InN(0001) surfaces has been investigated by high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy of the conduction band electron plasmon excitations. An intrinsic surface electron accumulation layer is found to exist and is explained in terms of a particularly low Gamma-point conduction band minimum in wurtzite InN. As a result, surface Fermi level pinning high in the conduction band in the vicinity of the Gamma point, but near the average midgap energy, produces charged donor-type surface states with associated downward band bending. Semiclassical dielectric theory simulations of the energy-loss spectra and charge-profile calculations indicate a surface state density of 2.5 (+/-0.2)x10(13) cm(-2) and a surface Fermi level of 1.64+/-0.10 eV above the valence band maximum.
Assessment of Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction with Two-Phase Contrast-enhanced Helical CT: Prediction of Left Ventricular Function and Wall Thickness (2005)

Two-phase contrast-enhanced CT proved useful in predicting LV functional recovery and WT in patients who had experienced acute MI and undergone successful angioplasty.
Prevalence of myopia among government and private high school children in Hyderabad: A comparative study (2015)

Background: School going years are considered as the wonder years in a person’s life. These years are also the formative year which determines one’s physical, intellectual and behavioural development. Any problem in the vision during the formative years can hamper the intellectual development, maturity and performance of a person in future life. The public health and economic impact of myopia is enormous. Due to the high magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors, myopia is considered as one of the important public health problems, especially in the urban population in India. Objective: To compare the prevalence of myopia in Government and private school children. Methods: Total 1600 high school children in the age group of 13 to 15 years were selected, 800 each from Government and Private Schools respectively. Children were screened for myopia with the help of Snellen’s chart and refractionist confirmed the findings. Data was analyzed to assess the prevalence of myopia among high school children. Results: Overall prevalence of Myopia was found to be 23.18% (n=371). Prevalence of Myopia was more among children in Private schools when compared with Government school children 25.7% (n=206) (P=0.01 ). Conclusion: Private school children spent more time for near work activity than government school children. Association between total diopteric hours spent for the activity and type of school was statistically significant
Fast and Robust Beam Coupling in a Three Waveguide Directional Coupler (2013)

We propose fast and robust beam coupling in a three waveguide directional coupler based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory. This method provides shortcuts to optical waveguide couplers based on coherent tunneling adiabatic passage of photons. The design and performance of directional couplers using the invariant-based inverse engineering are discussed. Beam coupling is achieved by engineering the evolution of the eigenmodes of the invariant. We show that the invariant-based inverse engineering scheme reduces coupler length as compared with the common adiabatic scheme. The device is robust against coupling coefficient variations and has broadband characteristics.