gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the Personalized Multimodal Therapy Approach to Pain Management via Action on NO and NOS (2021)

Chronic pain syndromes are an important medical problem generated by various molecular, genetic, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Back pain, neuropathic pain, and posttraumatic pain are the most important pathological processes associated with chronic pain in adults. Standard approaches to the treatment of them do not solve the problem of pain chronicity. This is the reason for the search for new personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain. The nitric oxide (NO) system can play one of the key roles in the development of peripheral pain and its chronicity. The purpose of the study is to review publications devoted to changes in the NO system in patients with peripheral chronical pain syndromes. We have carried out a search for the articles published in e-Library, PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The search was carried out using keywords and their combinations. The role of NO and NO synthases (NOS) isoforms in peripheral pain development and chronicity was demonstrated primarily from animal models to humans. The most studied is the neuronal NOS (nNOS). The role of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) is still under investigation. Associative genetic studies have shown that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of <i>NOS1</i>, <i>NOS2</i>, and <i>NOS3</i> genes encoding nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS may be associated with acute and chronic peripheral pain. Prospects for the use of NOS inhibitors to modulate the effect of drugs used to treat peripheral pain syndrome are discussed. Associative genetic studies of SNVs <i>NOS1</i>, <i>NOS2</i>, and <i>NOS3</i> genes are important for understanding genetic predictors of peripheral pain chronicity and development of new personalized pharmacotherapy strategies.
Recoverable mobile environment: design and trade-off analysis (2002)

The mobile wireless environment poses challenging problems in designing fault-tolerant systems because of the dynamics of mobility, and limited bandwidth available on wireless links. Traditional fault-tolerance schemes, therefore, cannot be directly applied to these systems. Mobile systems are often subject to environmental conditions which can cause loss of communications or data. Because of the consumer orientation of most mobile systems, run-time faults must be corrected with minimal (if any) intervention from the user. The fault-tolerance capability must, therefore, be transparent to the user. The paper presents recovery schemes for the failure of a mobile host. It portrays the limitations of the mobile wireless environment, and their impact on recovery protocols. The adaptation of well-known recovery schemes are presented which suit the mobile environment. The performance of these schemes has been analyzed to determine those environments where a particular recovery scheme is best suited. The performance of the recovery schemes primarily depends on: the wireless bandwidth; the communication-mobility ratio of the user; and the failure rate of the mobile host.
Determination of the Optical Isomers of Insecticidal Pyrethroids by Gas-liquid Chromatography (1972)

Determination of the optical isomers of insecticidal pyrethroids was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. Chrysanthemic acid, which was obtained during hydrolysis of the corresponding pyrethroids, was esterifled with d- or l-2-octanol and the diastereoisomer ester derivatives were resolved on a column of Chromosorb W coated with 10% QF–1. All four isomers, d-trans, l-trans, d-cis and l-cis chrysanthemic acids, could be separated. These compounds were not isomerized during hydrolysis, esteriflcation or gasliquid chromatographic operations and their proportions were accurately determined from their peak area ratios.
Regulation of phosphate homeostasis by the phosphatonins and other novel mediators (2008)

A variety of factors regulate the efficiency of phosphate absorption in the intestine and phosphate reabsorption in kidney. Apart from the well-known regulators of phosphate homeostasis, namely parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the vitamin D-endocrine system, a number of peptides collectively known as the "phosphatonins" have been recently identified as a result of the study of various diseases associated with hypophosphatemia. These factors, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP-4), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of various hypophosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic disorders, such as oncogenic osteomalacia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia and tumoral calcinosis. Whether these factors are true hormones, in the sense that they are regulated by the intake of dietary phosphorus and the needs of the organism for higher or lower amounts of phosphorus, remains to be firmly established in humans. Additionally, new information demonstrates that the intestine "senses" luminal concentrations of phosphate and regulates the excretion of phosphate in the kidney by elaborating novel factors that alter renal phosphate reabsorption.
Lipid nanoparticles that deliver IL-12 messenger RNA suppress tumorigenesis in MYC oncogene-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (2018)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy because of its ability to activate a number of host immune subsets that recognize and destroy cancer cells. We found that human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with higher than median levels of IL-12 have significantly favorable clinical outcomes. Here, we report that a messenger RNA (mRNA) lipid nanoparticle delivering IL-12 (IL-12-LNP) slows down the progression of MYC oncogene-driven HCC. IL-12-LNP was well distributed within the HCC tumor and was not associated with significant animal toxicity. Treatment with IL-12-LNP significantly reduced liver tumor burden measured by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and increased survival of MYC-induced HCC transgenic mice in comparison to control mice. Importantly, IL-12-LNP exhibited no effect on transgenic MYC levels confirming that its therapeutic efficacy was not related to the downregulation of a driver oncogene. IL-12-LNP elicited marked infiltration of activated CD44<sup>+</sup> CD3<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cells into the tumor, and increased the production of Interferon γ (IFNγ). Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-12-LNP administration may be an effective immunotherapy against HCC.
Permeation of solutes in water‐swollen poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐itaconic acid) membranes (1986)

Abstract Partition and permeability coefficients of urea, NaCl, and saccharose in water‐swollen poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐itaconic acid) membranes with various water contents (0.25 ⩽ H ⩽ 0.86) were measured. Partition coefficients and permeability ratios in freezing and nonfreezing water were estimated based on a parallel permeation model. It was suggested that at 25°C the permeation of saccharose in the nonfreezing water was nearly zero due to its negligible partition coefficient, while NaCl and urea were found to be able to permeate even the nonfreezing water. The activation energies of diffusion for three solutes were found to increase with the decrease of water content of the membranes. Since the fraction of nonfreezing water increased with the decrease of water content of the membranes, it is assumed that the increased activation energy of diffusion is due to the fact that the diffusion in nonfreezing water needs higher activation energy than in the pure bulk water.
Purification, characterization, and seroactivity of a 20-kilodalton Brucella protein antigen (1992)

An internal protein was purified from cell extracts of Brucella melitensis B115 by a combination of preparative isoelectric focusing and high-performance size exclusion chromatography. The protein has an apparent molecular mass of 230 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography. The protein was resolved to a single band of 20 kDa after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native protein had an isoelectric point of 4.9. The N-terminal sequence of the 20-kDa protein was determined. The 20-kDa protein has been identified as antigen A-2 with a previously described anti-antigen A-2 serum (B. Stemshorn, K. Nielsen, and B. Samagh, Can. J. Comp. Med. 45:77-81, 1981). Antigen A-2 reacted with sera from infected sheep in immunoblotting and may be useful in developing diagnostic tests for brucellosis.
Wideband Antenna Array With Full Metal Structure and Air-Filled Microstrip Feeding Network (2017)

A wideband antenna array with full metal structure is proposed. In this paper, cavity with stepped ridges is used as the antenna element, and full corporate-feed network is adopted for wide bandwidth. Furthermore, air-filled microstrip feeding network is also employed to avoid substrate losses so that higher efficiency can be achieved. Based on the above-mentioned, a 4 × 4 antenna array working in the Ku-band is designed and fabricated via conventional milling techniques. The fabrication error effects on the antenna performances are also discussed. Experimental result shows 36.5% (10.3-14.9 GHz) operating bandwidth at VSWR<;2. The measured realized gain varies from 18.4 to 21.4 dBi over the band of 10.5-14.5 GHz. The total antenna efficiency is higher than 70%, considering that the aperture size of the antenna array is only 80 mm × 80 mm. In addition to that, the proposed antenna array has a low profile (height) of 18 mm.
Mite, cat, and cockroach exposure, allergen sensitisation, and asthma in children: a case-control study of three schools (1999)

The domestic reservoir concentration of mite and cockroach, but not cat, allergen was closely related to the prevalence of sensitisation in atopic children. However, the prevalence of current asthma had a limited relationship to these allergen measurements, suggesting that other factors play a major part in determining which allergic individuals develop asthma.
Computational antisense oligo prediction with a neural network model (2002)

We present a computational model for AO prediction based on a neural network approach using a broad range of input parameters. Collecting sequence and efficacy data from AO scanning experiments in the literature generated a database of 490 AO molecules. Using a set of derived parameters based on AO sequence properties we trained a neural network model. The best model, an ensemble of 10 networks, gave an overall correlation coefficient of 0.30 (p=10(-8)). This model can predict effective AOs (>50% inhibition of gene expression) with a success rate of 92%. Using these thresholds the model predicts on average 12 effective AOs per 1000 base pairs, making it a stringent yet practical method for AO prediction.
Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2014)

The use of either perfluropropane or standard silicone oil appears reasonable for most patients with RD associated with PVR. Because there do not appear to be any major differences in outcomes between the two agents, the choice of a tamponade agent should be individualized for each patient. Heavy silicone oil, which is not available for routine clinical use in the USA, has not demonstrated evidence of superiority over standard silicone oil.
A type system for Java bytecode subroutines (1998)

Java is typically compiled into an intermediate language, JVML, that is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine. Because mobile JVML code is not always trusted, a bytecode verifier enforces static constraints that prevent various dynamic errors. Given the importance of the bytecode verifier for security, its current descriptions are inadequate. This paper proposes using typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either.JVML has a subroutine construct used for the compilation of Java's try-finally statement. Subroutines are a major source of complexity for the bytecode verifier because they are not obviously last-in/first-out and because they require a kind of polymorphism. Focusing on subroutines, we isolate an interesting, small subset of JVML. We give typing rules for this subset and prove their correctness. Our type system constitutes a sound basis for bytecode verification and a rational reconstruction of a delicate part of Sun's bytecode verifier.
Long-range distributed Brillouin fiber sensors by use of an unbalanced double sideband probe (2011)

We propose and demonstrate a long-range Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) distributed sensing system making use of an unbalanced double sideband probe formed by a Stokes and an anti-Stokes line. In particular, we show that for each measuring condition an optimal Stokes /anti-Stokes input power ratio exists, allowing a larger suppression of nonlocal effects induced by pump depletion. Experiments on a 50 km single-mode sensing fiber with 5 meters spatial resolution are reported.
Delivery of a MalE CD4<sup>+</sup>-T-Cell Epitope into the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Presentation Pathway by<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Adenylate Cyclase (2002)

Recombinant adenylate cyclase toxoids are shown to deliver inserted foreign CD4(+)-T-cell epitopes into the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway, inducing a specific CD4(+)-T-cell response in vivo and yielding in vitro stimulation of specific CD4(+) T cells at a 100-times-higher molar efficiency than the free peptide containing the epitope.
Resolution of acute inflammation and the role of apoptosis in the tissue fate of granulocytes (1992)

We have identified a pathway for granulocyte removal in tissues which is controlled by apoptosis. This process can be modulated by agents in the inflammatory microenvironment and leads to loss of neutrophil secretory function and its phagocytosis by macrophages which utilize a novel recognition mechanism such that the macrophage does not release pro-inflammatory mediators. It is hypothesized that this represents an alternative fate to necrosis, and one which would tend to limit tissue injury and promote inflammatory resolution. This is not to suggest that granulocyte necrosis does not occur; even at sites of 'beneficial inflammation' some necrotic neutrophils may be seen. However, since the development of inflammatory disease is currently thought to result from a multifactoral, quantitative imbalance between potentially injurious inflammatory influences and tissue defences, it is reasonable to suggest that the balance between neutrophil apoptosis and necrosis could represent one of several possible pivotal points in the control of inflammation. Finally, as the specific trigger and induction processes which permit closely related cells to undergo apoptosis at markedly different rates are uncovered, it may be possible to design new anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies directed towards causing specific cell types to 'commit suicide' and to be cleared by the mechanisms which 'nature intended'. Thus we have begun to dissect the cellular events occurring in the resolution of acute inflammation. We believe that the rapid cessation of neutrophil emigration which occurs remarkably early in the evolution of the acute inflammatory response represents one of the earliest events in the resolution process. Clearly there is much work to be done on the underlying mechanisms. These are likely to be more accessible with the recent molecular characterization of chemotactic cytokines and surface molecules involved in neutrophil-endothelial adhesion transmigration events. It is also clear that apoptosis, which represents an alternative tissue injury-limiting fate to necrosis in situ, may be important in limiting tissue injury and determining whether inflammation persists or resolves. It is also possible that there are circumstances in which the macrophage recognition and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils is impaired. However, a second glance at the events which must occur during the resolution of even the simplest model of acute inflammation (Fig. 1) is sufficient reminder that the 'surface has barely been scratched'. There remain many obscure areas, not the least of which is the fate of the inflammatory macrophage after it has completed its scavenging functions.
Stochastic Modular Robotic Systems: A Study of Fluidic Assembly Strategies (2010)

Modular robotic systems typically assemble using deterministic processes where modules are directly placed into their target position. By contrast, stochastic modular robots take advantage of ambient environmental energy for the transportation and delivery of robot components to target locations, thus offering potential scalability. The inability to precisely predict component availability and assembly rates is a key challenge for planning in such environments. Here, we describe a computationally efficient simulator to model a modular robotic system that assembles in a stochastic fluid environment. This simulator allows us to address the challenge of planning for stochastic assembly by testing a series of potential strategies. We first calibrate the simulator using both high-fidelity computational fluid-dynamics simulations and physical experiments. We then use this simulator to study the effects of various system parameters and assembly strategies on the speed and accuracy of assembly of topologically different target structures.
SAGE Programs: Model-Free Linkage Analysis for Complex Cardiovascular Phenotypes (2006)

A complex disease trait refers to a phenotype that does not follow simple Mendelian segregation attributable to a single gene locus, but instead may be caused by multiple disease loci, their interactions, polygenic inheritance, and environmental effects. Most cardiovascular disorders are thought to have a polygenic basis with complex interactions with environmental factors. A gene that increases or decreases the risk to a complex cardiovascular disease (susceptibility gene) can now be mapped to a specific chromosomal region by model-free linkage analysis, and follow-up molecular genetic studies can identify the specific gene at the locus. This chapter describes a protocol for model-free linkage analysis of a complex trait, as implemented in the popular genetic analysis software-SAGE. In particular, the Haseman-Elston sib-pair regression method is introduced and implemented with examples to demonstrate how to identify susceptibility loci for complex traits.
Spin-strain interaction in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2018)

The interaction of solid-state electronic spins with deformations of their host crystal is an important ingredient in many experiments realizing quantum information processing schemes. Here, we theoretically characterize that interaction for a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We derive the symmetry-allowed Hamiltonian describing the interaction between the ground-state spin-triplet electronic configuration and the local strain. We numerically calculate the six coupling-strength parameters of the Hamiltonian using density functional theory, and propose an experimental setup for measuring those coupling strengths. The importance of this interaction is highlighted by the fact that it enables to drive spin transitions, both magnetically allowed and forbidden, via mechanically or electrically driven spin resonance. This means that the ac magnetic field routinely used in a wide range of spin-resonance experiments with NV centers could in principle be replaced by ac strain or ac electric field, potentially offering lower power requirements, simplified device layouts, faster spin control, and local addressability of electronic spin qubits.
Targeting of cholecystokinin B/gastrin receptor in colonic, pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (2006)

Gastrin is a growth factor for both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal tumours. Endocytosis of gastrin has been demonstrated in tumour cell lines expressing cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor (CCK-BR); this has raised the possibility of receptor targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to examine endocytosis of gastrin and CCK-BR in tumour cell lines. A small gastrin analogue, RG-G7, and the anti-CCK-BR antibody, anti-GRE1, were fluorescently labelled and uptake by cancer cell lines including AR42J, HepG2, and C170HM2 as well as transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was assessed using standard and confocal fluorescence microscopy. CCK-BR expression of cell lines was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Apoptosis was detected using a fluorescent TUNEL method. RG-G7 and anti-GRE1 antibody were specifically taken up by all cell lines expressing CCK-BR. In addition to cytoplasmic uptake with RG-G7 and anti-GRE1 the latter also showed specific uptake into the nucleus. A coincidence of anti-GRE1 and apoptosis was seen. Targeting CCK-BR by peptide or antibody may offer therapeutic opportunities for some cancers.
Measurement of sensitivity of different wave modes to subsurface defects (2003)

Excitation of acoustic wave modes in layered solid immersed in a liquid has been investigated by computing the reflection coefficient of acoustic plane waves at the liquid-layered solid interface. Then, a method to evaluate the sensitivity of various models supported in the layered structure to subsurface defects in introduced. The method involves insonification of the layered structure with a conical wave whose axis coincides with the defect. Since all the rays in the conical wavefront hit the planar interface at the same angle, it is possible to excite a single kind of mode in the layer. By adjusting the angle of inclination of the cone, it is possible to excite the modes selectively. Since the conical waves converge to a line focus at the cone axis, the excited mode will focus on the defect. By recording the reflected signal amplitude as the cone angle is varied, a curve is obtained from which it is possible to determine the sensitivity of various modes to the subsurface flaw. The results of such measurements indicate that the generalized Lamb wave modes are more sensitive to subsurface defects than the Rayleigh waves. An imaging system that makes use of focused Lamb waves has been built, and the system produces images of very small subsurface defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A second generation microprocessor line protection relay (1989)

The authors describe a line protection with distance relay and auxiliary functions, having an optimized hardware and software structure, for power transmission and sub-transmission as well as distribution applications. The development of this relay has evolved from an earlier prototype line protection equipment which was based on a single Intel 8086 16-bit microprocessor hardware and programmed in assembler language. The protection algorithms for the new line protection relay have thereby been thoroughly proven through many successful laboratory and field tests. The firmware and menu-driven man-machine interface (MMI) concepts are the same as for a new bus-oriented multi-processor generator protection system. Since the line and generator protection equipment share a common firmware concept, all available protection or measurement functions are compatible with both equipments. Through the use of continuous self-monitoring and self-testing, any hardware failures can be immediately reported, thereby reducing the probability of relay maloperation to virtually zero.