gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering Software Reliability Patterns Based On Multiple Software Projects (2007)

Discovering patterns that indicate software reliability provides valuable information to software project managers. Software Quality Classification (SQC) modeling is a methodology that can be used to discover reliability patterns of large software projects. However, the patterns found by SQC modeling may not be accurate and robust owing to insufficient information used in the training process. This study compares two genetic programming-based SQC models using different volumes of data. These data were extracted from seven different NASA software projects. The results demonstrate that combining data from different projects can produce more accurate and reliable patterns.
Inducible activation of Ras and Raf in adult epidermis. (2003)

Ras effects vary with developmental setting, with oncogenic RAS activation implicated in epithelial carcinogenesis. In epidermal cells, previous studies described conflicting Ras impacts on growth and differentiation, with the only in vivo studies relying on constitutive alterations of Ras function throughout development. To study Ras effects in developmentally mature adult epidermis, we expressed a 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT)-regulated Ras fusion in transgenic mice using the keratin 14 promoter. Resulting adult K14-ER:Ras mice displayed 4OHT-inducible activation of Ras as well as elements of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not RalGDS/Ral or phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt downstream Ras effector pathways. Ras reversibly induced massive cutaneous hyperplasia and suppressed differentiation. Ras-driven hyperproliferation was accompanied by increases in beta1 and beta4 integrin epidermal progenitor markers. Epidermal expression of inducible Raf produced similar changes. These findings indicate that activation of Ras in adult epidermis promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation and that Raf is sufficient to mediate these effects.
Cationic lipids as gene transfer agents: a patent review (2008)

Background: Cationic lipids have been among the more efficient synthetic gene delivery reagents in vitro. They condense nucleic acids into cationic particles when the components are mixed together. Since the first studies were conducted, hundreds of cationic lipids have been synthesized as candidates for non-viral gene delivery and a few entered clinical trials. Objective: This paper reviews the lipid structure of cationic lipids, their structure–activity relationship, toxicity and transfection efficacy. A revision of the more recent patents is also included. Methods: Bibliographic research was carried out using the PubMed database. Patent literature was searched using the Derwent Innovations IndexSM. Results/conclusions: There is a wide range of scientific literature and patents about new cationic lipids and at present many research groups focus their investigation on the development of new molecules. Advances in the development of new technologies to better understand the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the lipoplexes will help to redesign new cationic lipids. The results obtained in clinical trials confirm gene therapy as a very promising therapeutic tool in the future.
Contribution of TNFSF15 gene variants to Crohnʼs disease susceptibility confirmed in UK population (2008)

Variants in TNFSF15 contribute to overall CD susceptibility in European populations, although to a lesser extent than that seen in the Japanese. Further studies to define the precise disease-causing variants as well as targeted functional studies are now required in human CD as TNFSF15 is a potential target for biological therapies.
A dissimilarity kernel with local features for robust facial recognition (2010)

Local binary pattern (LBP) has recently been proposed for texture analysis and local feature description and has also been applied to face recognition with promising results. However, besides the descriptors, a suitable similarity measure that can efficiently learn to distinguish facial features is also important. In this paper, a novel framework for robust face recognition is presented that considers both local and global features by using multi-resolution LBP descriptors. The framework can tolerate variations in expression, lighting condition and occlusion. A weighted distance measure is used to learn the dissimilarity between sets of LBP features. We formulate the distance function as a conditionally positive semi-definite (CPD) kernel, thus making it suitable for kernel-based algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs) whose optimal solutions are guaranteed. We show that by defining it in a Hilbert space, the proposed CPD kernel has advantages over traditional methods computing the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> distances in the Euclidean space. The experiments show that the approach is efficient and significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods on the publicly available AR face database.
In-Built N<sup>&#x002B;</sup> Pocket p-n-p-n Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (2014)

The source-pocket (p-n-p-n) tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) has a narrow and highly doped N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket layer between the source and channel to enhance the overall performance of the conventional p-i-n TFET. However, realizing this, N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket increases the fabrication complexity since either an epitaxial growth in vertical TFETs or an implantation in planar TFETs is required to create the N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket. In this letter, using the charge plasma concept, we propose a technique to realize an in-built N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket without the need for a separate implantation. We demonstrate using 2-D simulations that the proposed in-built N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket p-n-p-n TFET exhibits a higher I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> (~20 times) and a steeper subthreshold swing (25 mV/decade) as compared with the conventional p-i-n TFET. Our approach overcomes the difficulty of creating a narrow N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> pocket doping and thus makes the p-n-p-n TFET more attractive in carrying on with the scaling trend.
Microaerophilic biodegradation of tallow‐based anionic detergents in river water (1971)

Abstract Nine anionic detergents from five general classes (alcohol sulfates, ether alcohol sulfates, sulfated alkanolamides, α‐sulfo esters and alkylbenzenesul‐fonates) were rapidly screened for biodegradability under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions in river water at 25 and 35 C. In decreasing order, the ease of biodegradation under microaerophilic conditions at 35 C was as follows: alcohol sulfates, sulfated alkanolamides, α‐sulfo fatty acid esters and ether alcohol sulfates. Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate did not degrade.
Microparticles From Ischemic Muscle Promotes Postnatal Vasculogenesis (2009)

MPs produced during tissue ischemia stimulate progenitor cell differentiation and subsequently promote postnatal neovascularization.
Thymus-independent development and negative selection of T cells expressing T cell receptor alpha/beta in the intestinal epithelium: evidence for distinct circulation patterns of gut- and thymus-derived T lymphocytes. (1992)

We demonstrate that mouse intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) can be divided into subsets based on the differential expression of functional T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR-alpha/beta) signaling complexes. Two subsets, CD4+ 8 alpha + beta - and CD8 alpha + beta -, are refractory to stimulation with anti-TCR-alpha/beta and contain high frequencies of potentially self-reactive cells. In contrast, the CD4+ and CD8 alpha + beta + IEL subsets are responsive to anti-TCR-alpha/beta and depleted of potentially self-reactive cells. The analysis of fetal liver radiation chimeras using adult thymectomized recipients demonstrates that the four TCR-alpha/beta + IEL subsets are generated in normal numbers in the absence of the thymus. Moreover, expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II-encoded I-E molecule and Mls1a in the gut of the athymic host results in the negative selection of potentially self-reactive T cells expressing V beta 11 and V beta 6, respectively, from those IEL subsets that express functional TCR-alpha/beta signaling complexes. Neither the spleen nor the Peyer's patches of athymic recipients contain T cells of donor origin. In contrast, normal numbers of phenotypically and functionally mature CD4+ and CD8 alpha + beta + T cells of donor origin are found in the lamina propria of chimeric animals. The phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes obtained from Ly5 congenic parabionts reveals that peripheral T cells migrate rapidly to the Peyer's patches and lamina propria, but not to the intestinal epithelium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the intestinal epithelium is a thymus-independent site of T lymphopoiesis, where selection of the T cell repertoire involves the deletion of potentially self-reactive cells in situ. Moreover, the appearance of donor-derived, phenotypically mature T cells, exclusively in the lamina propria of athymic radiation chimeras, suggests that mature IEL expressing functional TCR-alpha/beta migrate to this site.
Synthesis and properties of d(ATACGCGTAT) and its derivatives containing one and two 5-methylcytosine residues. Effect of the methylation on deoxyribonucleic acid conformation. (1986)

In order to elucidate the effects of cytosine methylation on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) conformation, three self-complementary deoxyribodecanucleotides, d(ATACGCGTAT), d(ATACGm5CGTAT) and d(ATAm5CGm5 CGTAT), were synthesized by a modified phosphotriester method and their conformational properties were examined by ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The two modified decamers were completely resistant to restriction endonuclease MluI, whose recognition sequence is ACGCGT, while the unmodified decamer was completely cleaved by the enzyme. All the decamers were assumed to exist as a B-form duplex in 0.1 M NaCl. The UV-temperature profiles suggested that the modified decamer duplexes have slightly higher stability to thermal perturbation but their melting processes are significantly less cooperative, as compared to the case of the unmodified decamer. All three decamers showed similar CD spectra under various salt conditions, including 4M NaCl and 6M CsF. However, substantial differences in CD spectra were observed in 8M NaClO4 at -20°C. Both modified decamers were assumed to exist as a Z-form duplex under these extreme conditions, and they showed similar UV and CD-temperature profiles which were quite different from those of the unmodified decamer.
Polyaniline‐Prussian Blue Novel Composite Material for Electrochromic Applications (1990)

Preparation et caracterisation d'un nouveau materiau composite constitue d'une electrode d'or, de platine ou d'oxyde d'etain qui est modifiee par un film de polyaniline et de bleu de Prusse
Potent inhibitory action of red wine polyphenols on human breast cancer cells (2000)

Breast cancer (one of the most common malignancy in Western societies), as well as esophagus, stomach, lung, bladder, and prostate cancer, depend on environmental factors and diet for growth and evolution. Dietary micronutriments have been proposed as effective inhibitory agents for cancer initiation, progression, and incidence. Among them, polyphenols, present in different foods and beverages, have retained attention in recent years. Red wine is a rich source of polyphenols, and their antioxidant and tumor arresting effects have been demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo systems. In the present study, we have measured the antiproliferative effect of red wine concentrate, its total polyphenolic pool, and purified catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and resveratrol, which account for more than 70% of the total polyphenols in red wine, on the proliferation of hormone sensitive (MCF7, T47D) and resistant (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that polyphenols, at the picomolar or the nanomolar range, decrease cell proliferation in a dose- and a time-dependant manner. In hormone sensitive cell lines, a specific interaction of each polyphenol with steroid receptors was observed, with IC(50)s lower than previously described. Interaction of polyphenols with steroid receptors cannot fully explain their inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. In addition, discrete antioxidant action on each cell line was detected under the same concentrations, both by modifying the toxic effect of H(2)O(2), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), after phorbol ester stimulation. Our results suggest that low concentrations of polyphenols, and consecutively, consumption of wine, or other polyphenol-rich foods and beverages, could have a beneficial antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell growth.
DNA Markers for Portuguese Olive Oil Fingerprinting (2008)

The certification of olive oil has led to the definition of Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) producing regions in European countries. PDO products should be protected, and a solution could be by using DNA fingerprinting. In this work we evaluate the efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, and SSR molecular markers for olive oil varietal identification and their possible use in certification purposes. Twenty-three Portuguese olive oil samples (11 obtained monovarietal and 12 purchased commercial oils) were screened by means of two RAPD, four ISSR, and four SSR markers. The quality of amplified products was used to evaluate the reproducibility and the level of polymorphism. Principal component analysis was performed with DCENTER using unweighted pair group mathematical average (UPGMA) that allowed group formation according to olive oil varietal geographic origin.
Pairwise key establishment for large-scale sensor networks (2006)

Letting two communicating parties share a key is an effective approach to achieve confidentiality and authenticity for their communications. If the parties know each other's id or are within each other's communication range, such a key can be set up using existing pairwise key establishment schemes. However, in sensor networks, there exist some communication patterns in which the sender only knows some attribute such as the rough location of its desired receiver, and the sender and receivers could be far apart. Directly extending the existing schemes to establish a pairwise key for such communicating parties is not efficient due to various reasons. To address the problem, we propose in this paper a new scheme that enables the two parties to securely communicate as long as they know each other's rough location. In this scheme, any two groups of nodes can set up a group-to-group (G2G) pairwise key based on their rough locations. Then the G2G key can be used to protect the communications between any two nodes in these groups. Extensive analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate our approach. The results show that, by choosing the system parameters appropriately, a desired security level can be achieved without incurring high overhead.
The photoreceptor rim protein is an ABC transporter encoded by the gene for recessive Stargardt's disease (<i>ABCR</i>) (1997)

Rim protein (RmP) is a high-Mr membrane glycoprotein that has been localized to the rims of photoreceptor outer segment discs, but its molecular identity is unknown. Here, we describe the purification of RmP and present the sequence of its mRNA. RmP is a new member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. We show that RmP is expressed specifically in photoreceptors and predominantly in outer segments. Further, RmP is identical to the protein recently shown to be affected in recessive Stargardt's disease. RmP is the first ABC transporter observed in photoreceptors and may play a role in the photoresponse.
Application of chaotic time series analysis to signal characterization (1991)

Methods of chaotic time series analysis are applied to the problem of modeling nonlinear physical processes that occur in an emitter. Several approaches to the inverse problem in chaos theory are applied to pulse data having Gaussian noise and embedded nonlinear dynamics (Duffing's equation) of appropriate scale. The nonlinear models created from the time series are able to separate the nonlinear dynamics characteristic of an emitter from the noise as long as the dimension of the nonlinear system is low. The numerical techniques used consist of the local prediction method of Farmer and Sidorowich and a neural network with radial basis functions. A comparison of the methods in terms of predictor errors, number of data points, and dimension of the Duffing attractor under various parameters is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression pattern of <i>Motch</i>, a mouse homolog of <i>Drosophila Notch</i>, suggests an important role in early postimplantation mouse development (1992)

The Notch gene of Drosophila encodes a large transmembrane protein involved in cell-cell interactions and cell fate decisions in the Drosophila embryo. To determine if a gene homologous to Drosophila Notch plays a role in early mouse development, we screened a mouse embryo cDNA library with probes from the Xenopus Notch homolog, Xotch. A partial cDNA clone encoding the mouse Notch homolog, which we have termed Motch, was used to analyze expression of the Motch gene. Motch transcripts were detected in a wide variety of adult tissues, which included derivatives of all three germ layers. Differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells into neuronal cell types resulted in increased expression of Motch RNA. In the postimplantation mouse embryo Motch transcripts were first detected in mesoderm at 7.5 days post coitum (dpc). By 8.5 dpc, transcript levels were highest in presomitic mesoderm, mesenchyme and endothelial cells, while much lower levels were detected in neuroepithelium. In contrast, at 9.5 dpc, neuroepithelium was a major site of Motch expression. Transcripts were also abundant in cell types derived from neural crest. These data suggest that the Motch gene plays multiple roles in patterning and differentiation of the early postimplantation mouse embryo.
Holography and its application to acoustic imaging (1979)

This paper briefly reviews some aspects of holography and its application to acoustic imaging with an emphasis on concept. Included age discussions of the identity of holography, the principle of optical holography, holography applied to the acoustic domain and holography by linear detection, the applications of optical and acoustic holography, the concept and front-end embodiment of acoustic imaging systems that can be considered holographic, and the limitations of acoustic holography. This paper is intended to be tutorial and to provide discussions on relevant topics not covered by other papers in this issue on the subject of holography.
Relationship Between the Axenic Phenotype and Sensitivity to  -Aminocarboxylic Acids in Dictyostelium discoideum (1978)

A previous suggestion that sensitivity to ω-aminocarboxylic acids in Dictyostelium discoideum is associated with the ability to grow axenically has been re-evaluated using new axenic strains and axenic derivatives of strain ax3 recombinant for linkage group II. It is now shown that the major gene for ω-aminocarboxylic acid sensitivity, designated oaaA., is not allelic to previously described axenic loci axeA and axeB, but that oaaA is closely linked to, or allelic with a third axenic gene axeC found in strains ax2 and ax3. The axeC phenotype is rapid growth in axenic medium. The oaaA locus is located on linkage group II. Genetic evidence suggests that the strains ax2 and ax3 now in existence share a common genetic background and may not represent independent isolates from the wild-type strain nc4. Studies with 14C-labelled ϵ-aminocaproic acid show that sensitivity to ω-aminocarboxylic acids is correlated with increased myxamoebal permeability to these compounds.
<b>A New Type of “Cyclonucleoside” Derived from 2-Chloro-8-mercapto-9-β-D-xylofuranosyladenine</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Type of “Cyclonucleoside” Derived from 2-Chloro-8-mercapto-9-β-D-xylofuranosyladenineMorio. Ikehara and Hiroshi. TadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2344–2345Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00898a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (253 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Vehicle Segmentation and Tracking from a Low-Angle Off-Axis Camera (2005)

We present a novel method for visually monitoring a highway when the camera is relatively low to the ground and on the side of the road. In such a case, occlusion and the perspective effects due to the heights of the vehicles cannot be ignored. Features are detected and tracked throughout the image sequence, and then grouped together using a multilevel homography, which is an extension of the standard homography to the low-angle situation. We derive a concept called the relative height constraint that makes it possible to estimate the 3D height of feature points on the vehicles from a single camera, a key part of the technique. Experimental results on several different highways demonstrate the system's ability to successfully segment and track vehicles at low angles, even in the presence of severe occlusion and significant perspective changes.
Worldwide Efficacy of Bismuth Subsalicylate in the Treatment of Travelers' Diarrhea (1990)

So far four randomized studies, three of them double-blind and placebo-controlled, have investigated the role of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea. When compared with placebo BSS significantly reduced the number of unformed stools and increased the proportion of patients free of symptoms at the end of the trial. In the two studies that compared BSS with loperamide, the latter agent brought significantly faster relief. Diarrhea accompanied by dysenteric symptoms was influenced most favorably by administration of systemic antimicrobial agents. In all four studies only minor adverse effects were noted with BSS or the other active agents. One may include loperamide and a systemic antimicrobial agent in one's travel kit; however, loperamide should not be used for dysentery, and the antimicrobial agent should not be used in uncomplicated cases. As an alternative, although it is less effective, BSS has the unique advantage of being safe enough to use for all patients with travelers' diarrhea.