gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane Expression and Function of Complement Receptors CR1 and CR3 on Neutrophils from HIV‐Infected Subjects: Modulation by rTNF‐α and rGM‐CSF (1992)

We evaluated membrane expression and function of complement receptors CR1 and CR3 on neutrophils from 27 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects (14 in the CDC class III and 13 class IV) as well as their modulation in vitro by recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). While CR1 was expressed at similar levels on neutrophils from controls and HIV+ subjects, CR3 expression was significantly higher in CDC class IV subjects than in healthy controls. CR1 and CR3 expression was significantly increased after treatment of neutrophils with both cytokines, without differences between controls and HIV+ subjects. Similarly, the superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to C3-coated zymosan (C3zy) was significantly enhanced on neutrophils from CDC class IV subjects when compared with controls. rGM-CSF and rTNF-alpha treatment significantly enhanced the spontaneous as well as C3zy-stimulated O2- production by neutrophils from controls and CDC class III subjects, and induced an upward trend in the CDC class IV group. These results indicate that the neutrophils of HIV+ patients are preactivated in vivo but they also indicate that these cells may correctly respond to a subsequent particulate stimulus as well as to activating cytokines. Our findings suggest that desensitization or functional exhaustion of complement receptors are not implicated in the abnormalities observed on neutrophils from HIV+ patients.
Relationship of Methane Content of Coal Rank and Depth: Theoretical vs. Observed (1982)

ABSTRACT Prediction of gas content of coalbeds, and therefore potential producibility, has relied primarily on its observed relationship to coal rank, pressure, and the methane adsorption capacity of a given coal. This relationship has been illustrated by the construction of adsorption isotherms for various coals from experimental data. These adsorption isotherms were developed for sized, clean coal particles. The value and limitations of these adsorption isotherms are addressed by relating them to observed coalbed methane gas content data. Coalbed gas content determined by the "Direct Method" includes three separate figures: lost gas, desorbed gas, and residual gas. The residual gas and its relationship to the total gas content is discussed. The ratio of lost and desorbed gas to residual gas has been determined for some ranks of coal. The ratio is very dependent on rank. Residual gas increases as rank increases, reaches a maximum at the rank of high-volatile A bituminous and decreases rapidly as rank increases to medium-volatile. The general conclusion is made that the cause of the pattern of correlation of residual gas to rank is a change in the internal structure of the coal and the moisture content of the coal.
Spatial filtering and equalization for SSR signal detection in a multipath environment (2011)

Detection of Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) signals is highly error prone in scenarios where multipath propagation and transponder interference is involved. The proposed method largely improves this situation by iteratively combining smart antenna and classical equalization approaches. A large dataset of SSR replies, recorded at problematic sites of Frankfurt Airport by a multichannel receiver is used for verification.
An Aerosol Analyzer (1953)

Described is a simple device for measuring the total mass and total charge of a powder cloud. The instrument consists of a sensitive electrometer circuit and a metallic collection chamber. The powder is collected on a filter paper sealed between two aluminum tubes which, if their length is three times greater than their diameter, provides sufficient shielding of the charge collected on the filter paper to justify assumption of an ``Ice Pail.'' The shielding error is less than 0.5 percent. A null-reading circuit is used with a Cenco electrometer. The necessary counter voltage for the null-reading circuit is supplied by a potentiometer circuit, and a vacuum-tube voltmeter is used to measure the voltage. Because it is desired to obtain explicitly the mass and charge of a given cloud of particles rather than the ratio of charge to mass, enough mass must be collected for weighing and, in addition, the total charge measured. This is to be accomplished without disturbing appreciably the normal flow rate of powder from the aerosol generator.
Uncooled IRFPA with chip scale vacuum package (2006)

We have developed an uncooled IRFPA with a chip scale vacuum package and succeeded in obtaining excellent IR images of less than 60 mK in NETD. This package consists of a device chip and a silicon lid. The chip in this study is a 160 x 120 SOI diode IRFPA with a 25 μm pixel pitch. The size of the package is 14.5(L) x 13.5(W) x 1.2(H) mm. The gap between the device chip and the lid is controlled by the thickness of the vacuum sealing material. The lid is prepared by a wafer process and diced just before vacuum sealing. We use DLC (diamond like carbon) as the AR coat because of its high IR transmittance and high endurance in the wafer process. DLC films are deposited on both sides of the silicon lid wafer, and then a ring-shaped metal pattern for solder bonding is formed on one side of the lid wafer. Solder is mounted on the metal pattern by a molten solder ejection method. The patterned thin-film getter is formed on the lid wafer. Because of the use of patterned thin-film getter, there is no need to form a cavity on the lid to allow installation of getter or to insert a spacer between the device chip and the lid. Then the lid wafer is diced into individual lids. The device wafer and the lids are set in a vacuum chamber, which has a heater to melt the solder, so as to pair each die and lid. After pumping the chamber, the patterned thin-film getters are activated and then the lids are bonded simultaneously to the device wafer. Finally the device wafer is diced into individual chips. The measured pressure of the package is less than 0.5 Pa which is sufficient for obtaining high thermal isolation. In this technique, only the good dies in a wafer are packaged in chip scale simultaneously. Thus, a reduction in the size and cost of the package has been achieved.
Necrosis of Lung Epithelial Cells during Infection with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Is Preceded by Cell Permeation (2000)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes infection, progresses towards disease, and is transmitted from the alveolus of the lung. However, the role of the alveolar epithelium in any of these pathogenic processes of tuberculosis is unclear. In this study, lung epithelial cells (A549) were used as a model in which to examine cytotoxicity during infection with either virulent or avirulent mycobacteria in order to further establish the role of the lung epithelium during tuberculosis. Infection of A549 cells with M. tuberculosis strains Erdman and CDC1551 demonstrated significant cell monolayer clearing, whereas infection with either Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Mycobacterium smegmatis LR222 did not. Clearing of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells correlated to necrosis, not apoptosis. Treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells with streptomycin, but not cycloheximide, demonstrated a significant reduction in the necrosis of A549 cell monolayers. This mycobacterium-induced A549 necrosis did not correlate to higher levels of intracellular or extracellular growth by the mycobacteria during infection. Staining of infected cells with propidium iodide demonstrated that M. tuberculosis induced increased permeation of A549 cell membranes within 24 h postinfection. Quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from infected cells further demonstrated that cell permeation was specific to M. tuberculosis infection and correlated to A549 cellular necrosis. Inactivated M. tuberculosis or its subcellular fractions did not result in A549 necrosis or LDH release. These studies demonstrate that lung epithelial cell cytotoxicity is specific to infection by virulent mycobacteria and is caused by cellular necrosis. This necrosis is not a direct correlate of mycobacterial growth or of the expression of host cell factors, but is preceded by permeation of the A549 cell membrane and requires infection with live bacilli.
Style Transfer Functions for Illustrative Volume Rendering (2007)

Abstract Illustrative volume visualization frequently employs non‐photorealistic rendering techniques to enhance important features or to suppress unwanted details. However, it is difficult to integrate multiple non‐photorealistic rendering approaches into a single framework due to great differences in the individual methods and their parameters. In this paper, we present the concept of style transfer functions. Our approach enables flexible data‐driven illumination which goes beyond using the transfer function to just assign colors and opacities. An image‐based lighting model uses sphere maps to represent non‐photorealistic rendering styles. Style transfer functions allow us to combine a multitude of different shading styles in a single rendering. We extend this concept with a technique for curvature‐controlled style contours and an illustrative transparency model. Our implementation of the presented methods allows interactive generation of high‐quality volumetric illustrations.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of iron overload in patients with beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease (2004)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be useful for monitoring iron overload in thalassaemia. We studied 106 patients with beta-thalassaemia: 80 with thalassaemia major (TM) and 26 with thalassaemia intermedia (TI). Thirty-five patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) were also evaluated. Serum ferritin, liver and myocardial T2-relaxation time and liver iron concentration (LIC) were measured. LIC values, based on biopsies from 29 patients, showed a close inverse correlation with the respective liver T2-values, along with a strong positive correlation with ferritin levels in all patients. Heart T2-values correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction in TM and SCD, but not in TI patients. Both liver and heart T2-values were significantly lower in TM patients than those of TI, and SCD patients. Ferritin levels showed a strong correlation with liver T2-values in all three groups of patients. Similarly, a negative correlation was found between serum ferritin levels and heart T2-values in TM, but not in TI and SCD patients. Heart and liver T2-values showed a significant correlation only in TM patients. These results suggest that the MRI technique (T2 relaxation time) used in our study, is a reliable, safe and non-invasive method for the assessment of the deposition of iron in the liver; results for the heart become reliable only when there is heavy iron deposition.
Measurement and Analysis of Access Resistance and Polarization Impedance in Cochlear Implant Recipients (2005)

The method presented enables the extraction of more detailed information about the longitudinal changes in the intracochlear environment after cochlear implantation.
Selective Grafting of Block Copolymers. 2. Multimetalated (Co)polymers as Initiators for Grafting Process. Model Metalation Studies (2001)

Metalation of polystyrene, poly(4-methylstyrene), and their block copolymers is described using either superbases (made of organolithium compounds and potassium tert-pentoxide) or sec-butyllithium complexed with N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine as metalating agents. Depending on the type and concentration of the metalating agent, different sites in the above polymers were metalated. Generally, only the most acidic and the most accessible hydrogen atoms in polystyrene (aromatic protons) and poly(4-methylstyrene) (methyl group protons) were selectively metalated using the above metalating agents at metalation ratios lower than unity. At higher metalation ratios, nonselective metalation occurred, and also other positions in the polymers (backbone, aromatic protons in poly(4-methylstyrene)) were metalated. To distinguish positions of metalation, functionalization of metalated polymers with chlorotrimethylsilane and subsequent 29Si NMR analysis of polymer-bonded trimethylsilyl groups were applied.
Mammalian Motoneuron Axon Targeting Requires Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases σ and δ (2006)

The leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), LAR, RPTP-sigma, and RPTP-delta, regulate neuroendocrine development, axonal regeneration, and hippocampal long-term potentiation in mammals. In Drosophila, RPTPs are required for appropriate axon targeting during embryonic development. In contrast, deletion of any one of the three LAR-RPTP family members in mammals does not result in gross axon targeting defects. Both RPTP-sigma and RPTP-delta are highly expressed in the developing mammalian nervous system, suggesting they might be functionally redundant. To test this hypothesis, we generated RPTP-sigma and RPTP-delta (RPTP-sigma/delta) double-mutant mice. Although embryonic day 18.5 RPTP-sigma and RPTP-delta single-mutant embryos were viable, RPTP-sigma/delta double mutants were paralyzed, were never observed to draw a breath, and died shortly after cesarean section. RPTP-sigma/delta double mutants exhibit severe muscle dysgenesis and severe loss of motoneurons in the spinal cord. Detailed analysis of the projections of phrenic nerves in RPTP-sigma/delta double mutants indicated that these motoneuron axons emerge normally from the cervical spinal cord, but stall on reaching the diaphragm. Our results demonstrate that RPTP-sigma and RPTP-delta complement each other functionally during mammalian development, and reveal an essential contribution of RPTP-sigma and RPTP-delta to appropriate motoneuron axon targeting during mammalian axonogenesis.
Correction: DNA Methylation Dynamics in Blood after Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (2013)

Epigenetic deregulation is considered a common hallmark of cancer. Nevertheless, recent publications have demonstrated its association with a large array of human diseases. Here, we explore the DNA methylation dynamics in blood samples during hematopoietic cell transplant and how they are affected by pathophysiological events during transplant evolution. We analyzed global DNA methylation in a cohort of 47 patients with allogenic transplant up to 12 months post-transplant. Recipients stably maintained the donor's global methylation levels after transplant. Nonetheless, global methylation is affected by chimerism status. Methylation analysis of promoters revealed that methylation in more than 200 genes is altered 1 month post-transplant when compared with non-pathological methylation levels in the donor. This number decreased by 6 months post-transplant. Finally, we analyzed methylation in IFN-c, FASL, IL-10, and PRF1 and found association with the severity of the acute graft-versus-host disease. Our results provide strong evidence that methylation changes in blood are linked to underlying physiological events and demonstrate that DNA methylation analysis is a viable strategy for the study of transplantation and for development of biomarkers.
Acute Inhibition of Endopeptidase 24.11 in Essential Hypertension: SCH 34826 Enhances Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Natriuresis Without Lowering Blood Pressure (1992)

Summary: The acute renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects of the orally active endopeptidase inhibitor SCH 34826 (400 mg every 6 hours for five doses) were investigated in a group of 6 male patients [with established mild to moderate essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy] in a balanced random-order doubleblind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentrations increased (p < 0.05) to fourfold control values after the first dose of inhibitor, but later postdose increments of ANF were less pronounced. Plasma cyclic GMP also increased significantly (p < 0.05). These effects were associated with a transient modest but significant (p < 0.05) increase in sodium excretion (50 mmol sodium in excess of placebo values) that was complete in 24 h. Mean 24-h urinary excretions of cyclic GMP and immunoreactive ANF were also significantly increased by 55 and 86%, respectively. Other urine indexes (including other electrolytes, volume, creatinine, aldosterone, and cortisol) and renal hemodynamics [including glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (RPF)l were unchanged. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity was not significantly altered. Plasma epinephrine increased after the initial three doses of SCH 34826. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were not altered by SCH 34826. Diastolic BP (DBP) increased slightly (p = 0.044). Acute inhibition of endopeptidase 24.11 by SCH 34826 in essential hypertension caused significant increments in plasma ANF and cyclic GMP together with modest natriuresis. No antihypertensive effect was observed in the first 30 h of treatment
The effects of a selective 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist (ICI 170,809) on platelet aggregation and pupillary responses in healthy volunteers. (1992)

1. ICI 170,809 (2-(2-dimethylamino-2-methylpropylthio)-3-phenylquinoline hydrochloride) is a potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2 postsynaptic receptor antagonist. 2. Effects of ICI 170,809 as single oral doses (3, 7, 15 and 30 mg) or placebo were studied on the duration of antagonism for the ex vivo platelet aggregatory response to 5-HT and to the pupillary light constrictor response in eight healthy male volunteers. 3. Pupillary dark adapted responses to a 0.5 s light stimulus were measured using a portable infrared pupillometer, for up to 24 h after dosing. 4. The in vitro platelet 5-HT aggregation response was reduced by ICI 170,809, with depression of the dose-response curve to 5-HT at all concentrations of 5-HT and with no evidence for a parallel shift. 5. The ex vivo platelet 5-HT response demonstrated a dose related significant (P less than 0.02) decrease in aggregation reaching a maximum at 2 h after dosing with the effect persisting for at least 8 h after dosing with the 7 and 15 mg doses. 6. Resting pupil diameter (RPD), and light induced pupillary responses in the dark adapted pupil, showed a significant (P less than 0.01) dose related reduction with significant (P less than 0.05) effects still present with the 15 and 30 mg doses at 8 h after dosing. 7. We conclude that, changes in both ex vivo platelet aggregation to 5-HT and dark adapted pupil size, are significantly correlated (P less than 0.0001) with log plasma concentrations (ng ml-1) of ICI 170,809, enabling the assessment of 5-HT2-receptor antagonism in man.
BIONIC ANKLES CUT WALKING COSTS (2008)

Walking is a very economical way to get around. We continually recycle mechanical energy through the course of each stride. But no one had ever succeeded in measuring the metabolic energy used to move individual joints as we perambulate. Which is where Daniel Ferris's bionic boots step in. Initially designed to aid the rehabilitation of spinal injury patients, Ferris was curious to see if his neurally controlled robot boots could reduce the metabolic cost of walking by doing some of the ankle muscles' work. Teaming up with Gregory Sawicki, Ferris put a team of robot-boot clad students through their paces to see if their bionic walk was more economical (p.1402).
DESIGN OF A COMPREHENSIVE CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINES (2011)

This report contains the work of the capstone design team, assigned to design a comprehensive, cost effective, monitoring system for gas turbine engines. The main objective of the design was to produce a system capable of detecting and recording only special conditions or events. As a sample engine, the SR-30 gas turbine was used. A simulation of the engine using GSP software provided a model. The model was used to determine the healthy operation of the engine. The integration of a developed algorithm has enabled the system to be used for aerodynamic component monitoring, as well as, mechanical systems monitoring.
Pyrazine contents in four red grape varietes cultivated in warm climate (2006)

<p style="text-align: justify;">We analysed 2-methoxy-3-ethylpyrazine and 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine content in 4 grape varieties cultivated in Castilla-La Mancha. A sensory analysis of the wines obtained from these grapes was also performed. The results revealed the presence of the two methoxypyrazines studied in all four varieties, in concentrations lower than those published for these varieties in regions with cooler climates. Significant differences were observed in 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine content between the different varieties: Cabernet-Sauvignon&gt;Merlot&gt;Syrah&gt;Cencibel. The correlation between 2- methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine content and the « green pepper » descriptor suggests a perception threshold at 3 ng/L in young wines.</p>
Cloning of the polyubiquitin cDNA from the marine sponge <i>Geodia Cydonium</i> and its preferential expression during reaggregation of cells (1993)

Ubiquitination of proteins is a critical step in the controlled degradation process of many polypeptides. Here we show that sponges, the simplest multicellular group of eukaryotic organisms, are also equipped with the ubiquitin pathway. The polyubiquitin cDNA was isolated and characterized from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium. The open reading frame contains six ubiquitin moieties, which are lined up head to tail without spacers. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the six sponge ubiquitin-coding units with those from other organisms revealed a high degree of homology (> 93%). The ubiquitin gene is expressed to almost the same extent in the two main compartments of the sponge, the cortex and the medulla. However, only in the cortex are detectable amounts of the ubiquitin protein synthesized. The ubiquitin protein isolated from the sponge organism was found to initiate protein degradation in the heterologous reticulocyte system in the same manner as bovine ubiquitin. In vitro studies with dissociated sponge cells revealed that the homologous aggregation factor causes (i) a strong increase in the steady-state level of mRNA coding for ubiquitin and (ii) a drastic increase in ubiquitin protein synthesis, while the homologous lectin failed to display that effect in isolated cells. These data suggest that ubiquitin may play a role in sponge morphogenesis.