gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of irrigation fluid on human menisci: An experimental comparison of water, normal saline, and glycine (1991)

A technique has been developed to demonstrate the macroscopic morphology of collagen fiber arrangement in human menisci. It was observed that 0.9% normal saline solution removed the ground substance of the meniscus, leaving intact collagen bundles. This suggests that meniscal damage may occur as a direct result of using normal saline for irrigation during knee arthroscopy. Experiments were conducted using demineralized water and 1.5% glycine for comparison. The disruption of collagen fiber binding in the meniscus by normal saline is time and temperature dependent. Glycine solution causes fibroblast lysis and a lesser degree of collagen alteration. Demineralized water can cause edema in the fibroblast but no notable change in collagen fibers. None of the irrigation solutions tested has proved to be completely safe. Demineralized water is not the ideal solution but is preferable to normal saline or glycine solution, especially when it can be used in conjunction with electrosurgery.
Identification of strains assigned to the genus Gluconobacter Asai 1935 based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (2004)

Thirteen reference strains, including the type strains of the type species of the genus Gluconobacter, Gluconobacter oxydans (NBRC 14819T), Gluconobacter cerinus (NBRC 3267T), and Gluconobacter frateurii (IFO 3264T) were examined for their species identification based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. A phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method represented three clusters corresponding respectively to the three species, G. oxydans, G. cerinus, and G. frateurii. The type strain of Gluconobacter asaii (NBRC 3276T), which is a junior subjective synonym of G. cerinus, was included completely in the G. cerinus cluster. Several restriction endonucleases discriminating the three species from one another were selected by computer analyses: Bsp1286I, MboII, SapI, Bpu10I, EarI, BsiHKAI, and FatI. On digestion of the PCR products with restriction endonucleases Bsp1286I and MboII, all the restriction patterns coincided with those of the type strains of the three species except for strain NBRC 3251. This strain gave a different pattern from the type strain of G. frateurii, when digested with MboII. However, strain 3251 was included phylogenetically in the G. frateurii cluster. All the reference strains were thus identified at the species level by the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16S-23S rDNA ITS regions.
CMOS photodetectors for correlation peak location (1994)

The design and operation of CMOS photodetectors for locating correlation peaks in an optical processor are discussed. The detectors, which are fabricated in silicon CMOS, employ analog position sensing and on-chip circuitry to sequentially find intensity peaks. Two test devices are described: a two element competitive array with 400 μm×180 μm 1-D sensors and a 400 μm×400 μm 2-D sensor. The 2-D sensor resolves beam displacements of 0.25 μm and the two-element competitive array demonstrates combined circuit and photodetector response times down to 20 μs.
Efficiency optimization of the high-power isolated DC/DC converters through THD and losses reduction in isolation transformers (2009)

This paper describes a method of improving efficiency of the high-power transformer-isolated DC/DC converters by means of proper selection of an inverter switch duty cycle. The paper revises old suggestions and recommendations for choosing the maximal duty cycle value on the basis of physical limits imposed by new solid-state devices. The resulting improved efficiency of the converter is described considering losses in separate energy conversion stages.
Preliminary studies for the development of superconducting composite wires (1989)

The results reported are part of a larger effort, the basic aim of which is to develop high-T/sub c/ superconducting composite wires, films, and thin-gauge panels with large current carrying capacity and engineered thermal and mechanical properties. The results relate to the following aspects of this ongoing research effort: the sputtering parameters used to deposit Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films on MgO and other substrates; a dipping technique to produce Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting layers and wires; the postannealing heat treatments; the characterization of the microstructure and crystallographic features of the deposited films; and the superconducting properties of the films, layers, and wires.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Flexible 360-Degree Thermal Sound Source Based on Laser Induced Graphene (2016)

A flexible sound source is essential in a whole flexible system. It's hard to integrate a conventional sound source based on a piezoelectric part into a whole flexible system. Moreover, the sound pressure from the back side of a sound source is usually weaker than that from the front side. With the help of direct laser writing (DLW) technology, the fabrication of a flexible 360-degree thermal sound source becomes possible. A 650-nm low-power laser was used to reduce the graphene oxide (GO). The stripped laser induced graphene thermal sound source was then attached to the surface of a cylindrical bottle so that it could emit sound in a 360-degree direction. The sound pressure level and directivity of the sound source were tested, and the results were in good agreement with the theoretical results. Because of its 360-degree sound field, high flexibility, high efficiency, low cost, and good reliability, the 360-degree thermal acoustic sound source will be widely applied in consumer electronics, multi-media systems, and ultrasonic detection and imaging.
Biochemical Methane Potential of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Components (1993)

The biochemical methane potential of several MSW fractions was determined in order to compare extents and rates of their conversion to methane. Based on MSW samples analyzed, the methane yield of MSW was estimated to be as high as 0.20 m3 kg−1 VS added, which indicates that more than 50% of the VS in MSW can be destroyed in anaerobic processing. Yard waste fractions of MSW can be expected to exhibit a high variability in yields due to the variety of plant materials which can be included. While some yard waste components, such as grass, exhibited yields as high as 0.21 m3 kg−1 VS, yields for mixed yard waste were much lower, in the range of 0.14 m kg−1. The make-up of the paper fraction can strongly affect the methane yields of MSW due to variations in methane yields of different paper classes. Bleached kraft papers, regardless of coating, exhibited maximum methane yields of 0.37 m3 kg−1 VS, indicating complete conversion. Unbleached kraft paper found in corrugated box-board exhibited a yield of 0.28 m3 kg−1 VS, while newsprint exhibited yields as low as 0.08 m3 kg−1 VS. Inks used in newsprint did not lower methane yields over unprinted newsprint. The paper used in food packaging was highly biodegradable and its degradation was not affected by polymer coatings when samples were finely ground. These results provide a data base on extent and rates of the major biodegradable organic components of MSW and should be considered when contemplating anaerobic bioconversion of MSW.
The broad effects of the functional IL-10 promoter-592 polymorphism: modulation of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG expression and their association with periodontal disease outcome (2008)

Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases, in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. It occurs through the generation of metalloproteinases and the activation of bone resorption mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to attenuate periodontal tissue destruction through the induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis osteoprotegerin (OPG). A high individual variation in levels of IL-10 mRNA is verified in periodontitis patients, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms. In this study, the IL-10 promoter -592C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is associated with a decrease in IL-10 production, was analyzed by RFLP in 116 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 173 control (C) subjects, and the IL-10, TIMPs, and OPG mRNA expression levels in diseased gingival tissues were determined by real-time-PCR. The IL-10-592 SNP CA (P=0.0012/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-4.1), AA (P=0.0458/OR=2.3/CI:1.1-4.9), and CA+AA (P=0.0006/OR=2.4/CI:1.4-3.4) genotypes and the allele A (P=0.0036/OR=1.7/CI:1.2-2.4) were found to be significantly more prevalent in the CP group when compared with control subjects. Both CA and AA genotypes were associated with lower levels of IL-10, TIMP-3, and OPG mRNA expression in diseased periodontal tissues and were also associated with disease severity as mean pocket depth. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that IL10-592 SNP is functional in CP, being associated with lower levels of IL-10 mRNA expression, which is supposed to consequently decrease the expression of the downstream genes TIMP-3 and OPG, and influence periodontal disease outcome.
The effect of headset and earphone on reducing electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone toward human head (2010)

Studies show that exposure to the electromagnetic wave for a certain period of time will leads to health problem such as headaches, or even worse, brain cancer. Scientist have known that this radiation might cause human biological damage through heating effects since human body is made up of approximately 65–70% water, electrolytes and ions. Radio frequency radiation emitted from mobile phone will interact with human body and interfere with human body's natural healing resulted displacement of electrolytes and ions within the body. This paper discussed on the analysis conducted to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation (thermal radiation) of mobile phones with different frequencies via experimental works. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using a volunteer (human). The period of operation is 45 minutes as the talking time on the phone. Thermal imaging technique is used to monitor and capture the temperature distribution during the experimental analysis for every 5 minutes interval. Images will be collected and analyzed using graphical plot. Devices such as Bluetooth headset and earphone are also used to study either this equipment are effective to reduce the effect of thermal radiation toward human head or not. The result shows that mobile phone serving GSM 900MHz has the highest temperature increment compare to mobile phone serving GSM 1800MHz. It is also shown that GSM 900MHz has greater thermal radiation effect or heating effect. By using Bluetooth headset and earphone device when talking via mobile phone, the result shows lower radiation since direct radiations from the mobile phone antenna was reduced.
Clusters of PE and PPE genes of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> are organized in operons: Evidence that PE Rv2431c is co‐transcribed with PPE Rv2430c and their gene products interact with each other (2006)

About 10% of the coding capacity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) genome is devoted to the PE/PPE family of genes scattered throughout the genome. We have identified 28 PE/PPE operons which are organized within the M. tb genome in such a way that most PE members are upstream to PPE members. One example of such a gene arrangement is the PPE gene Rv2430c, earlier shown by us to code for a highly antigenic protein eliciting strong B-cell responses in TB patients [Choudhary, R.K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Chakhaiyar, P., Sharma, N., Murthy, K.J.R., Katoch V.M. and Hasnain, S.E. (2003) PPE antigen Rv2430c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong B cell response. Infect. Immun. 71, 6338-6343], situated downstream to PE gene Rv2431c. Rv2431c and Rv2430c are transcribed as an operon. Expression of either rRv2431c or rRv2430c alone in E. coli limited their localization to the inclusion bodies. However, when they were co-expressed, both the proteins appeared in the soluble fraction. These two proteins interact with each other and form oligomers when alone, however, when present together they exist as heteromer.
A virtual network mapping algorithm based on subgraph isomorphism detection (2009)

Assigning the resources of a virtual network to the components of a physical network, called Virtual Network Mapping, plays a central role in network virtualization. Existing approaches use classical heuristics like simulated annealing or attempt a two stage solution by solving the node mapping in a first stage and doing the link mapping in a second stage.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Data (2010)

We present a Bayesian hierarchical model for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data, aiming at relative quantification of DNA copy number in different biological samples. The model is specified in terms of a hidden Markov model for fluorescence intensities measured at successive cycles of the polymerase chain reaction. The efficiency of the reaction is assumed to depend on the abundance of the target DNA through fluorescence intensities, and the relationship is specified based on the kinetics of the reaction. The model incorporates the intrinsic random nature of the process as well as measurement error. Taking a Bayesian inferential approach, marginal posterior distributions of the quantities of interest are estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo. The method is applied to simulated data and an experimental data set.
Spatial configuration of the bizarre 5' terminus of mammalian mRNA (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpatial configuration of the bizarre 5' terminus of mammalian mRNAChong H. Kim and Ramaswamy H. SarmaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5, 1571–1590Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00473a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00473a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inducement, Due and Otherwise (1982)

my is limited, my capacity to consent destroyed-and any contracts I may sign, presumably, void or voidable at my option. The claim is intuitively implausible. It is as if the University's Chief Financial Officer should argue, during faculty salary negotiations, that an undue raise in the salary level would damage the faculty's ability to consent freely, and render the faculty contracts void or voidable. That may be the only argument to that effect that has not yet been advanced by his office; I think I shall not bring it to his attention. The reaction of the Faculty Salary Committee to any such argument can be imagined. For that matter, any normal, healthy person's reaction can be imagined, to that employerly solicitude for freedom that keeps wages conveniently low. No inducement is unduly high from the point of view of the person being induced.
Advances in crop phenotyping and multi-environment trials (2015)

Efficient evaluation of crop phenotypes is a prerequisite for breeding, cultivar adoption, genomics and phenomics study. Plant genotyping is developing rapidly through the use of high-throughput sequencing techniques, while plant phenotyping has lagged far behind and it has become the rate-limiting factor in genetics, large-scale breeding and development of new cultivars. In this paper, we consider crop phenotyping technology under three categories. The first is high-throughput phenotyping techniques in controlled environments such as greenhouses or specifically designed platforms. The second is a phenotypic strengthening test in semi-controlled environments, especially for traits that are difficult to be tested in multi-environment trials (MET), such as lodging, drought and disease resistance. The third is MET in uncontrolled environments, in which crop plants are managed according to farmer's cultural practices. Research and application of these phenotyping techniques are reviewed and methods for MET improvement proposed.
The biosynthesis and metabolism of betaines in plants. 1. The estimation and distribution of glycinebetaine (betaine) in <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. and other plants (1953)

189 dioxide whereas, in its natural environment, the rumen of the sheep, the carbon dioxide tension is high, and this must be borne in mind in any assess- ment of the role it plays in the rumen. SUMMARY 1. Washed suspensions of LC, a Gram-negative coccus isolated from the rumen of sheep, attack glucose, fructose, sorbitol, mannitol, lactate, pyruvate, DL-serine and formate anaerobically with the production of carbon dioxide and a gas which we assume to be hydrogen.
2-Methylcitrate-dependent activation of the propionate catabolic operon (prpBCDE) of Salmonella enterica by the PrpR protein (2004)

The function of the PrpR protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 was studied in vitro and in vivo. The PrpR protein is a sensor of 2-methylcitrate (2-MC), an intermediate of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle used by this bacterium to convert propionate to pyruvate. PrpR was unresponsive to citrate (a close structural analogue of 2-MC) and to propionate, suggesting that 2-MC, not propionate, is the metabolite that signals the presence of propionate in the environment to S. enterica. prpR alleles encoding mutant proteins with various levels of 2-MC-independent activity were isolated. All lesions causing constitutive PrpR activity were mapped to the N-terminal domain of the protein. Removal of the entire sensing domain resulted in a protein (PrpR(c)) with the highest 2-MC-independent activity. Residue A162 is critical to 2-MC sensing, since the mutant PrpR protein PrpR(A162T) was as active as the PrpR(c) protein in the absence of 2-MC. DNA footprinting studies identified the site in the region between prpR and the prpBCDE operon to which the PrpR protein binds. Analysis of the binding-site sequence revealed two sites with dyad symmetry. Results from DNase I footprinting assays suggested that the PrpR protein may have higher affinity for the site proximal to the P(prpBCDE) promoter.
Maltotetraose as a substrate for enzyme-coupled assay of amylase activity in serum and urine. (1979)

The use of maltotetraose ss a new substrate for the enzyme-coupled determination of amylase activity in biological fluids was developed by Beckman Microbics. We evaluated a manual and a centrifugal analyzer version of the method in comparison with two commonly used manual starch-dye amylase techniques: Roche Amylochrome and Pharmacia Phadebas. Both maltotetraose amylase procedures proved to be rapid and precise, and results correlated satisfactorily with the starch-dye methods for serum and urine samples.
Design and Implementation of PID Controller for Self Balancing Robot (2018)

Abstract For control engineers to study, apply and verify different control methods, inverted pendulum is a very good platform. Nearly 90% of the industries use the concept of inverted pendulum like ship balancing against of sea tide and control of rockets, space ships and landing of aero planes. The simple pendulum is stable while hanging downwards, but the inverted pendulum is a genetically unstable system. To make the inverted pendulum a flawless system, a force has to be applied in proper manner. To do this, a good control theory is needed. Since the inverted pendulum is a nonlinear and open loop system, the standard technique cannot be used to model the system. But if the operating range is small (angle displacement), then it can be approximated to a linear system. Self-balancing robot is based on the principle of inverted pendulum, a two wheeled vehicle balances in the vertical position by making ground as reference. It consists both hardware and software implementation. A generic conventional feedback controller (Proportional Derivative Integral controller) is used to find its stable inverted position. A microcontroller, IMU (Inertial Mass Unit) sensor and motor driver are the basic properties to make a robot. And a mechanical architecture used two high torque metal dc gear. The main objective of the project is to balance the robot i.e., to avert the two wheeled robot from falling by giving acceleration to the wheels which is proportional to the inclination angle from the centre point. When the robot starts to fall in one direction, the motor rotates proportional to the falling direction with the speed proportional to the acceleration of inclined angle. In this project, the PID control algorithm is used to balance the controller which has three adjustable parameters that can be determined from several techniques. LabVIEW simulation is developed to study the working of robot with the IMU sensor. Keywords: Arduino microcontroller, inertial mass unit, accelerometer, gyroscope, LabVIEW Cite this Article Joshua A, Subha Hency Jose. Design and Implementation of Pid Controller for Self Balancing Robot. Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology. 2018; 5(2):12–19p.
Drug Detection and Quantification Directly from Tissue Using Novel Ionization Methods for Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Solvent assisted ionization inlet (SAII) and matrix assisted ionization vacuum (MAIV) were used to quantify rapidly an antipsychotic drug, clozapine, directly from surfaces with minimal sample preparation. This simple surface analysis method based on SAII- and MAIV-mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to allow the detection of endogenous lipids, metabolites, and clozapine directly from sections of mouse brain tissue. A rapid surface assessment was achieved by SAII with the assistance of heat applied to the mass spectrometer inlet. MAIV provided an improved reproducibility without the need of a heated inlet. In addition, isotope dilution and standard addition were used without sample clean-up, and the results correlate well with liquid chromatography tandem MS using sample work-up. Using the simple surface methods, standard solutions containing clozapine and a deuterated internal standard (clozapine-d8) at different concentration ratios were used in the extraction and quantification of clozapine from brain tissue sections of a drug-treated mouse using different tissue thicknesses. The amount of clozapine extracted by these surface methods was independent of tissue thickness.
Practical alarm filtering (1994)

An expert system-based alarm filtering method is described which prioritizes and reduces the number of alarms facing an operator. This patented alarm filtering methodology was originally developed and implemented in a pressurized water reactor, and subsequently in a chemical processing facility. Both applications were in LISP and both were successful. In the chemical processing facility, for instance, alarm filtering reduced the quantity of alarm messages by 90%. 6 figs.