gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Driving Maneuvers Prediction Based Autonomous Driving Control by Deep Monte Carlo Tree Search (2020)

Autonomous driving has attracted significant attention in recent years. With the booming of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning technologies have been applied to autonomous driving to help vehicles better perceive the environment. Besides the perceiving environment, predictive driving is another prominent smooth control and safe driving skill for human drivers. In this work, we develop a deep Monte Carlo Tree Search (deep-MCTS) control method for vision-based autonomous driving. Compared with existing deep learning-based autonomous driving control methods, our method can predict driving maneuvers to help improve the stability and performance of driving control. Two deep neural networks (DNNs) are employed for predicting action-state transformation and obtaining action-selection probabilities, respectively. The deep-MCTS utilizes the predicted information of the two DNNs and reconstructs multiple possible trajectories to predict driving maneuvers. An optimal trajectory is selected by the deep-MCTS based on both current road conditions and predicted driving maneuvers. The proposed method achieves high control stability by avoiding sharp turns and driving deviations. We implement our algorithm in the Udacity and Torcs self-driving environments. The testing results show that our algorithm achieves a significant improvement in training efficiency, the stability of steering control, and stability of driving trajectory compared to existing methods.
Use of Water as an Internal Standard in the Direct Monitoring of Emulsion Polymerization by Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy (1993)

Direct analysis of the organic phase of an emulsion polymerization is described. Quantification uses the bending mode peak of water, which makes up the bulk of the reaction medium, as an internal standard. Although demonstrated with methyl methacrylate, the process is generally applicable to emulsion polymerizations. It does not require the introduction of an extraneous internal standard component into the reaction mixture.
External Trabeculectomy with T-Flux Implant (2006)

ETTF appears to provide significant control of IOP and have low incidence of complications.
Enhanced optical response in doubly waveguided plasmonic gratings (2008)

A waveguide fabricated on top of a bottom-waveguided gold-nanowire grating device excites additional resonance modes through interaction between the two waveguides, which overlaps the “intrinsic” resonance mode of the bottom waveguide. Thus, the TE polarized (parallel to the gold nanowires) waveguide mode and TM polarized (perpendicular to the nanowires) coupled mode between the waveguide mode and the particle plasmon resonance of the gold nanowires are enhanced significantly in a tunable spectral band. The top waveguide also extends considerably the spectral tuning range of this optical filter device.
Mining Massive Spatiotemporal Data for Actionable Intelligence (2017)

The widespread adoption of the internet of things is producing a huge amount of spatiotemporal data. Global mobile data traffic is growing an average of 60 percent and has reached 7.2 exabytes per month in 2016. Realizing values from these data promises to improve understanding of human activities that will up opportunities to innovative applications and services. To this end, my dissertation focuses on analyzing massive spatiotemporal data to gather actionable intelligence using machine learning techniques. I strive to address the challenges in processing, representing and mining spatiotemporal data on a large-scale by embracing big data analytics. In particular, this dissertation consists of three essays of predictive modeling. The first essay proposes a novel model that captures spatial dependencies, temporal preferences, and social influence to predict when and where people will use certain kinds of services. In the second essay, I demonstrate the ability of network analysis and sequence learning to glean previously unavailable insights for student retention prediction, which fill the gap between student attrition theories and existing quantitative approaches. Using public transportation as a proxy, the third essay presents a deep-learning-based urban mobility model that collectively forecast short-term ridership between each pair of urban regions. Throughout this thesis, I show how big data infrastructure such as Hadoop MapReduce can amplify the capabilities to analyze spatiotemporal data in an efficient and economical way. All the proposed models are developed and evaluated on real-world datasets. In conjunction with prior knowledge in the application domains, the results can be converted into actionable intelligence that supports decision making in operation management.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformational Dynamics (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingle-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformational DynamicsXavier Michalet, Shimon Weiss, and Marcus JägerView Author Information Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 5, 1785–1813Publication Date (Web):April 25, 2006Publication History Received5 May 2005Published online25 April 2006Published inissue 1 May 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0404343https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0404343research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7010Altmetric-Citations432LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Fluorescence resonance energy transfer,Imaging probes,Molecules,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Extraction of scandium from various media with triisoamyl phosphate: 3. Development of extractive refining of scandium (2006)

Scandium refining to remove both more and less extractable impurity metals from hydrochloric acid solutions using semicountercurrent and countercurrent extraction with triisoamyl phosphate is modeled. A process for preparing high-purity scandium is developed, involving removal of more and less extractable impurity metals by semicountercurrent extraction and full countercurrent extraction, respectively, at a limited number of separation steps. From the initial scandium oxide (98% purity), 99.97% scandium oxide was prepared (99.995% purity with respect to REEs), i.e., the decontamination factors from both REEs and other impurity metals exceed 100.
Real-time compression and retrieval of astronomical images (2002)

Generation, update and retrieval of astronomical image databases demands for memory space in the order of Tera bytes and related bandwidth for data transmission. Astronomers hardly can predict, which information can be neglected without causing any interpretation mistakes or losses. This work compares some methods with respect to their run-time performance. Assessment is made on the basis of fidelity measurements of coded images. Tests on deviations in position and luminance information of stars in coded images show up the limits of an acceptable information loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Defending the Sybil attack in P2P networks: taxonomy, challenges, and a proposal for self-registration (2006)

The robustness of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, in particular of DHT-based overlay networks, suffers significantly when a Sybil attack is performed. We tackle the issue of Sybil attacks from two sides. First, we clarify, analyze, and classify the P2P identifier assignment process. By clearly separating network participants from network nodes, two challenges of P2P networks under a Sybil attack become obvious: i) stability over time, and ii) identity differentiation. Second, as a starting point for a quantitative analysis of time-stability of P2P networks under Sybil attacks and under some assumptions with respect to identity differentiation, we propose an identity registration procedure called self-registration that makes use of the inherent distribution mechanisms of a P2P network.
Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate C‐reactive Protein Synthesis by Human Hepatocytes Through Stimulation of Monocyte IL‐6 and IL‐1β Production (2007)

Patients with chronic renal failure are characterized by increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and advanced glycation end products (AGE). AGE have been identified as a class of proinflammator mediators. To investigate whether AGE can stimulate hepatocytes to produce CRP, primary human fetal hepatocytes (HFH) were incubated with AGE-modified human serum albumin (AGE-HSA) or conditioned medium from AGE-HSA-stimulated monocytes (AGE-MCM). CRP concentrations in the supernatants were determined by an ELISA and CRP mRNA levels were determined by a quantitative RT-PCR. Exposure of HFH with AGE-HSA for 12-72 h did not change CRP concentrations in the supernatants. CRP protein and mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner when HFH were incubated with AGE-MCM. This stimulating effect was partially inhibited when AGE-MCM were preincubated with antibodies against interleukin-6 (anti-IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (anti-IL-1 beta), or soluble IL-1 receptor and was completely inhibited when AGE-MCM were preincubated with anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-1 beta simultaneously. The inhibiting effect did not occur when AGE-MCM was preincubated with antibody of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF receptor. Exposure of HFH with exogenous IL-6 and IL-1 beta, at the same concentrations as contained in AGE-MCM, also increased CRP production, but exogenous TNF-alpha had no effect. These results suggest that AGE cannot directly stimulate hepatocytes to produce CRP, but rather indirectly enhance CRP expression via stimulation of IL-6 and IL-1 beta production by human monocytes.
Photodynamic Therapy of Subretinal Neovascularization in the Monkey Eye (1993)

Experimental subretinal neovascularization in the monkey eye was treated by photodynamic therapy with rose bengal. Following intravenous injection of rose bengal, the subretinal vessels were irradiated with filtered light. Successful treatment was achieved, provided the subretinal vessels were irradiated during the period in which the dye was present in and around the subretinal vessels but had already cleared from the retinal vasculature. The successfully treated lesions demonstrated replacement of the leaking and pooling subretinal vessels with a non-leaky scar. Morphologic evaluation revealed immediate destruction of the subretinal plexus, with minimal damage to the overlying retina. The destroyed subretinal tuft was replaced by a scar containing mainly fibroblasts embedded in collagen fibers. Our results suggest that photodynamic therapy is potentially useful for destruction of subretinal vessels without damaging the overlying retina.
7.2 A 128Gb 3b/cell V-NAND flash memory with 1Gb/s I/O rate (2015)

Most memory-chip manufacturers keep trying to supply cost-effective storage devices with high-performance characteristics such as smaller tPROG, lower power consumption and longer endurance. For many years, every effort has been made to shrink die size to lower cost and to improve performance. However, the previously used node-shrinking methodology is facing challenges due to increased cell-to-cell interference and patterning difficulties caused by decreasing dimension. To overcome these limitations, 3D-stacking technology has been developed. As a result of long and focused research in 3D stacking technology, 128Gb 2b/cell device with 24 stack WL layers was announced in 2014 [1].
Intromission Pattern and Species Vaginal Code in Relation to Induction of Pseudopregnancy (1970)

Mechanical stimulation was used to mimic normal vaginal stimuli during copulation in the mouse; the number and rate of intromissions were crucial influences on reproductive success. The best combinations for the mechanical induction of pseudopregnancy were comparable to those male behaviors normally seen during mating. The behavior of the male coincides with a species-related vaginal code, increasing chances for reproductive success between cospecifics.
Pollen tubes growth in almond flowers (1975)

A two-year study indicated that, under orchard conditions, it takes 96 to 120 hours for pollen tubes to grow through the styles of almond flowers. In view of a rapid decline in receptivity, probably the result of embryo sac degeneration, it is assumed that the sooner the flower is cross-pollinated after opening, the greater the chance of fertilization and fruit-set.
Changes in shikimate dehydrogenase and the end products of the shikimate pathway, chlorogenic acid and lignins, during the early development of seedlings of <i>Capsicum annuum</i> (1997)

SUMMARY The developmental regulation and organ‐specific expression of shikimate dehydrogenase was studied in seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. during their early development. The results obtained suggest that there is both a developmental regulation and an organ‐specific expression of shikimate dehydrogenase in seedlings of C. annuum , seen mainly in the cotyledons. For example, shikimate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 3 was differentially expressed in cotyledons, but not at all in roots or hypocotyls. When the amounts of shikimate dehydrogenase were compared with the end‐products of the shikimate pathway, chlorogenic acid and lignins, it was observed that the fall in shikimate dehydrogenase activity in cotyledons coincided with a decrease in the concentrations of phenolics during primary leaf development. However, this did not seem to be the case with the hypocotyls, where the fall in phenolics was not related to the amount of shikimate dehydrogenase but rather to an increase in lignin deposition, supporting the view that chlorogenic acid might act as a precursor of the aromatic moiety of cinnamoyl alcohols during cell wall lignification.
Parasitic inductance effect on switching losses for a high frequency Dc-Dc converter (2008)

This work examines the impact of packaging parasitics on the efficiency of a synchronous DC-DC buck converter. An analytical model of the losses in the converter is developed and this is compared to practical results at switching frequencies in the range of 1-2 MHz. The effect that the packaging parasitic inductance has on efficiency is highlighted by predicting the expected losses from a converter with optimised packaging parasitics.
Osseous wound healing with xenogeneic bone implants with a biodegradable carrier. (1990)

Human antigen-extracted, autolyzed (AA) bone and a bovine bone morphogenetic protein were prepared as implants within biodegradable carriers and compared with autogenous bone grafts and controls in the healing of critical-size bony defects in nonhuman primates. The treated craniotomy sites were studied 3 and 6 months after surgery; radiodensity and volume of newly deposited trabecular bone were assessed by radiomorphometric and histomorphometric methods, respectively. There was no evidence of adverse immunologic response to the experimental implants. The autografts resulted in the greatest volume of new bone formation (p less than 0.01), but the AA implants elicited a significantly greater response than either the bovine bone morphogenetic protein derivatives or the controls (p less than 0.05). By 6 months, the AA derivatives had healed with actively coalescing islands of new bone, displaying normal-appearing outer and inner tables along with well-developed marrow cavities. It appears that xenogeneic AA implants have the ability to elicit an excellent osseous response in critical-size calvarial wounds. In addition, the carrier polymer for the implants acted as an effective soft-tissue spacer before being absorbed.
Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)‐ and (<i>Z</i>)‐5‐(Bromomethylene)furan‐2(5<i>H</i>)‐one by Bromodecarboxylation of (<i>E</i>)‐2‐(5‐Oxofuran‐2(5<i>H</i>)‐ylidene)acetic Acid (2006)

Abstract (E)‐ and (Z)‐5‐(bromomethylene)furan‐2(5H)‐one have been prepared starting from the commercially available adduct between furan and maleic anhydride. A bromodecarboxylation reaction is a key step in the synthesis. The reaction gives the (E)‐ or (Z)‐5‐(bromomethylene)furan‐2(5H)‐one as the major product, dependent on the method used in the bromodecarboxylation.
Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Optical and Electrochemical Investigation of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Conducting Ultrathin Polymer Films (2002)

In this study, we use a novel method for simultaneously measuring the optical and electrochemical properties of layer-by-layer self-assembled conducting ultrathin polymer films. We employed the recently developed combination of in situ surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPS) and surface plasmon field-enhanced light scattering (SPFELS) with an electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry). Polyaniline (PANI) and sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) were used as the polycation and the polyanion for the conducting layer-by-layer film assemblies. The doping−dedoping process of the PANI/SPANI at different film thicknesses was investigated by electrochemical-SPS/SPFELS. The potential cycling resulted in characteristic oscillations that were sensitively monitored with this technique. We were able to obtain in situ information on dielectric constant changes of the PANI/SPANI layer-by-layer films with respect to film thickness and their corresponding morphology transitions during the electrochemical process. Thus, this experimental approach allows for the simultaneous elucidation of optical and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers in thin film formats.
Wavefront Analysis Comparison of LASIK Outcomes With the Femtosecond Laser and Mechanical Microkeratomes (2007)

The findings suggest the femtosecond laser provides a better platform for LASIK than the commonly used microkeratomes analyzed in this study.
VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmissions in the earth‐ionosphere waveguide (1986)

In previous works, two mode conversion models, based upon slab approximations, were presented for treating lateral inhomogeneity along the path of propagation in the earth‐ionosphere waveguide. One model (termed Full MC in this paper) requires full‐wave determination of a biorthogonal set of height gains as well as numerical evaluation of their associated integrals. In the other model (termed Fast MC in this paper) height gain functions are discarded above some height h in the guide and are approximated below height h by Airy functions. No adjoint waveguide is introduced, and the associated integrals are performed analytically. Results of the two models are compared in this paper for air to air transmissions in laterally inhomogeneous environments. Results for both the vertical and transverse electric field are given for source electric dipoles of arbitrary orientation. It is found that the Fast MC model gives excellent agreement with the Full MC results.
Influence of modulation frequency in rubidium cell frequency standards (1983)

The error signal which is used to control the frequency of the quartz crystal oscillator of a passive rubidium cell frequency standard is considered. The value of the slope of this signal, for an interrogation frequency close to the atomic transition frequency is calculated and measured for various phase (or frequency) modulation waveforms, and for several values of the modulation frequency. A theoretical analysis is made using a model which applies to a system in which the optical pumping rate, the relaxation rates and the RF field are homogeneous. Results are given for sine-wave phase modulation, square-wave frequency modulation and square-wave phase modulation. The influence of the modulation frequency on the slope of the error signal is specified. It is shown that the modulation frequency can be chosen as large as twice the non-saturated full-width at half-maximum without a drastic loss of the sensitivity to an offset of the interrogation frequency from center line, provided that the power saturation factor and the amplitude of modulation are properly adjusted.
Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Henry Reaction with Broad Substrate Scope (2005)

In situ generated azomethines from readily available precursors react with nitromethane in the presence of 120 mol % of CsOH.H2O and 12 mol % of quinine- and cinchonidine-derived quaternary ammonium chlorides to provide the corresponding aza-Henry adducts in good yields and very high selectivities. It represents the first general enantioselective aza-Henry method for azomethines derived from enolizable aldehydes, giving rise to enantiomeric excesses above 94%. In addition, the reactions with nitroethane afforded high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (syn:anti up to 95:5; up to 98% ee for syn).
Feed Non-Starch Polysaccharides: Chemical Structures and Nutritional Significance (1997)

Approximately two billion tonnes of cereal grains and 140 million tonnes of legumes and oil seeds are produced throughout the world each year, which yield an estimated 230 million tonnes of fibrous material as part of a variety of by-products. The fibre component of the grain consists primarily of non-
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells: friend or foe in cancer development? (2018)

The future holds the promise of depleting the specific protumor γδ T cell subgroup before therapy, choosing multi-immunocyte adoptive therapy, modifying the cytokine balance in the cancer microenvironment, and using a combination of γδ T cells adoptive immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Platelet quality after washing: the effect of storage time before washing (2010)

PLTs washed on Days 1 and 7 of storage are effected by washing in a similar manner. However, a larger loss of PLTs occurred during washing on Day 7.
Filament Materials for Edge‐Supported Pulling of Silicon Sheet Crystals (1982)

In the edge‐supported pulling method for silicon sheet growth, parallel filaments immersed in the liquid localize the meniscus edges and provide exceptionally stable sheet growth conditions. The filaments are withdrawn from the liquid integral with the solidifying silicon. The filaments thus affect the resultant sheet properties in several ways. In this work, the degree of wetting of the filaments by the liquid, contamination of the silicon, geometric stability of the filaments, thermal expansion compatibility, growth characteristics, and sheet crystal structure are compared for 10 filament materials. These include graphite, graphite, fibers, graphite yarn, graphite paper, carbon felt, vitreous carbon, mullite, sapphire, and quartz (solid fibers and hollow capillaries). Silicon sheets grown by edge‐supported pulling were made into solar cells with AM1 conversion efficiencies greater than 13%. The effects of the filaments upon cell efficiency are also discussed.