gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated pavement condition index survey (2002)

This paper describes the response to the request by the Naval Pavement Center of Expertise and supported by the Tri-Service Pavements Group, to investigate new technology of obtaining field data to increase safety and reduce labor requirements during the data collection for streets, roads, and parking lots. New technology developments have produced a methodology that can quickly inspect roads and streets by using automated inspection equipment such as, but not limited to, a set of video cameras, profiling devices, and laser sensors. This new technology was tried and tested with the Micro PAVER system and compared to the standard process of manual surveys. As part of this evaluation and validation project, evaluation of technology and contractor capabilities was completed. Presently there are three different technologies that are considered acceptable: 35mm analog continuous film, digital camera, and digital line scan imaging. Digital line scan imaging, the newest of the three technologies, was used for this project.
Supporting mobile agent applications using wrappers (2002)

The TACOMA project has investigated software support for mobile agents. Several prototypes have been developed, with experiences in distributed applications directing the effort. The paper presents a mechanism that supports implementing agent applications by creating troops of agents using wrappers. This solution requires little extra support from the agent system, and may be used to construct applications with a wide variety of functionality requirements. We show how this mechanism can be used to dynamically install (3rd party) components at agent servers. We demonstrate this concept with a dynamically installed service locator which uses the Gnutella peer-to-peer protocol.
Self‐Division of Macroscopic Droplets: Partitioning of Nanosized Cargo into Nanoscale Micelles (2010)

Divide yourselves! An interfacial reaction drives the spontaneous and sequential division of macroscopic droplets all the way into nanoscopic emulsions (see picture). The sizes of the divided droplets depend on the pH of the solution and the division process is governed by the interplay between surface tension and electrostatic effects. When the dividing droplets contain nanoscopic cargo (e.g., nanorods), they partition it equally into progeny micelles. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reaction of nickel electrode surfaces with anionic metal-cyanide complexes: formation of precipitated surfaces (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of nickel electrode surfaces with anionic metal-cyanide complexes: formation of precipitated surfacesSujit Sinha, Brian D. Humphrey, and Andrew B. BocarslyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 2, 203–212Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00170a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views666Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Unique Action of Interleukin-18 on T Cells and Other Immune Cells (2018)

Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhances interferon (IFN)-γ production by anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, particularly in association with IL-12. IL-12 is a cytokine that induces development of Th1 cells. IL-18 cannot induce Th1 cell development, but has the capacity to activate established Th1 cells to produce IFN-γ in the presence of IL-12. Thus, IL-18 is regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. However, in the absence of IL-12 but presence of IL-2, IL-18 stimulates natural killer cells, NKT cells, and even established Th1 cells to produce IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13. Thus, IL-18 also facilitates type 2 responses. This unique function of IL-18 contributes to infection-associated allergic diseases. Together with IL-3, IL-18 stimulates mast cells and basophils to produce IL-4, IL-13, and chemical mediators such as histamine. Thus, IL-18 also induces innate-type allergic inflammation. IL-18 belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines, which share similar molecular structures, receptors structures, and signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, IL-18 shows a unique function by binding to a specific receptor expressed on distinct types of cells. In this review article, I will focus on the unique features of IL-18 in lymphocytes, basophils, and mast cells, particularly in comparison with IL-33.
Twenty‐five‐inch diagonal high‐contrast color plasma display panels (1994)

Abstract A 25‐inch diagonal high‐contrast color plasma display panel was fabricated by using thick‐film printing technology. This paper discusses the design and process requirements for making this large‐size plasma display panel. In designing the panel, priming paths were made in the gaps between cathodes and leveling barriers. This resulted in satisfactory discharge characteristics over the entire area of the panel. For the printing process, an improved printer and optimized printing conditions were used. the durability of the print screen was examined under the printing conditions. To identify the cause of uneven luminance within the panel, the authors examined the effects of the distri bution of various parameters on the intenial surface of the panel and found that the precision of the positioning of cell formation elements is the most important factor in prevention of unevenness of luminance.
Experimental Demonstration of High Efficiency Electron Cyclotron Autoresonance Acceleration (1996)

First experimental results are reported on the operation of a multimegawatt 2.856 GHz cyclotron autoresonance accelerator (CARA). A 90--100 kV, 2--3 MW linear electron beam has had up to 6.6 MW added to it in CARA, with an rf-to-beam power efficiency of up to 96%. This efficiency level is larger than that reported for any fast-wave interaction between radiation and electrons, and also larger than that in normal conducting rf linear accelerators. The results obtained are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Design of unidirectional security gateway system for secure monitoring of OPC-UA data (2017)

A unidirectional security gateway is a network system in which data can travel in only one direction. Therefore, the system are used in protecting the safety and reliability of various critical infrastructures. Most of all, it has to be deployed with send and receive transceivers disconnected for one direction to ensure information security. In this paper, we introduce a unidirectional security gateway system, named UNIWAY that has a unidirectional data transfer mechanism for secure monitoring of OPC-UA data. The proposed system has the advantage of monitoring the data efficiently while protecting the OPC-UA server in the critical infrastructure.
The Fracture Strength of Abrasive Grains (1974)

The diametral compression test is developed as a means of relating abrasive grain fracture characteristics to grinding forces. The effective stress required to fracture a variety of abrasive materials was measured using both static and roll crushing techniques. Grain strength was found to depend strongly on particle size and some shape effects were also observed. The manner in which the grain fractures, as observed from oscillographic force recordings, can be used to characterize the mode of fracture.
Convolutions on Spherical Images (2019)

Applying convolutional neural networks to spherical images requires particular considerations. We look to the millennia of work on cartographic map projections to provide the tools to define an optimal representation of spherical images for the convolution operation. We propose a representation for deep spherical image inference based on the icosahedral Snyder equal-area (ISEA) projection, a projection onto a geodesic grid, and show that it vastly exceeds the state-of-the-art for convolution on spherical images, improving semantic segmentation results by 12.6%.
Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Block Copolymers and a Lithium Salt (2018)

We present experimental results on the phase behavior of block copolymer/salt mixtures over a wide range of copolymer compositions, molecular weights, and salt concentrations. The experimental system comprises polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt. It is well established that LiTFSI interacts favorably with poly(ethylene oxide) relative to polystyrene. The relationship between chain length and copolymer composition at fixed temperature is U-shaped, as seen in experiments on conventional block copolymers and as anticipated from the standard self-consistent field theory (SCFT) of block copolymer melts. The phase behavior can be explained in terms of an effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between the polystyrene monomers and poly(ethylene oxide) monomers complexed with the salt, χ<sub>eff</sub>, which increases linearly with salt concentration. The phase behavior of salt-containing block copolymers, plotted on a segregation strength versus copolymer composition plot, is similar to that of conventional (uncharged) block copolymer melts, when the parameter χ<sub>eff</sub> replaces χ in segregation strength.
Cubic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi>Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Thin Films: Crossing the Spin Gap with Ruthenium (2014)

Cubic Mn2Ga films with the half-Heusler C1b structure are grown on V (001) epitaxial films. The phase is a soft ferrimagnet, with Curie temperature TC = 225 K and magnetization Ms=280 kA m(-1), equivalent to 1.65μB per formula. Adding ruthenium leads to an increase of TC up to 550 K in cubic Mn2Ru(x)Ga films with x = 0.33 and a collapse of the net magnetization. The anomalous Hall effect changes sign at x = 0.5, where the sign of the magnetization changes and the magnetic easy direction flips from in plane to perpendicular to the film. The Mn2Ru0.5Ga compound with a valence electron count of 21 is identified as a zero-moment ferrimagnet with high spin polarization, which shows evidence of half-metallicity.
Spectinomycin resistance and associated DNA amplification in Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. rubradiris (1987)

Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. rubradiris plated at low density on 1,000 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml initially produces slow-growing, bald colonies from which arise, in a spatially and temporally random fashion, foci of rapidly growing aerial mycelium-forming cells whose DNA contains an approximately 200- to 300-fold amplification of an 8-kilobase (kb) sequence. This sequence was cloned in Escherichia coli on pBR322 and physically characterized. It was separately cloned also in Streptomyces lividans as a BglII fragment and shown to impart high-level resistance to spectinomycin in an orientation-independent manner when present in either the high-copy-number vector pIJ702 or the unit-copy-number vector pIJ943. A spectinomycin resistance determinant was shown to reside on a 1.7-kb SphI-BglII subfragment. Analysis of Southern blots of restriction enzyme digests of wild-type S. achromogenes DNA probed with the labeled 8-kb DNA sequence resulted in the identification and subsequent cloning in S. lividans of a 10.4-kb BamHI fragment which probably includes the complete 8.8-kb amplifiable unit of DNA. This unit is present in wild-type S. achromogenes and in the initially slow-growing, bald colonies arising on 1,000 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml as a single copy. It carries two 0.8-kb direct repeats at its termini as well as the spectinomycin resistance determinant close to one of these termini. About 5% of protoplast regenerants from wild-type S. achromogenes and 77% of protoplast regenerants from the rapidly growing strains lost both the ability to grow on spectinomycin at 10 micrograms/ml and the sequences that hybridize with the 8-kb probe DNA. The 1.7-kb Bg/II-SphI resistance fragment, when introduced via the vector pIJ702 into an S. achromogenes strain sensitive to 10 microgram of spectinomycin per ml, permitted its vigorous growth on 1,000 micrograms of the antibiotic per ml.
Preemptive switched Ethernet for real-time process control system (2013)

The real-time performance of control network between process control system(PCS) in a nuclear power plant is an important factor to ensure safety and reliability of power plant. Ethernet network is widely adopted in modern PCS even though it does not guarantee hard real-time performance in the non-safety region of a nuclear power plant. To achieve better real-time performance and QoS(Quality of Service), PCS usually uses switched Ethernet with the priority feature, which is based on the IEEE 802.1Q/p protocol. However, the IEEE 802.1Q/p protocol also has a priority inversion problem when transmission of a higher-priority frame is requested during transmission of a lower-priority frame. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes Preemptive Switched Ethernet(PSE) that is based on the IEEE 802.1Q/p protocol with a preemption mechanism. This paper shows that PSE provides better real-time performance than the standard IEEE 802.1Q/p protocol especially when non-real-time and real-time traffics are mixed together. This paper also implements PSE controller using the FPGA (Virtex-4) and MicroBlaze processor. From the implementation results, PSE controller shows an improved latency and jitters of transmission period compare to the normal Ethernet controller. Experiment result shows that the jitter of real-time packet is 50% less than the standard 802.1Q/p protocol.
Oxidative DNA damage caused by pulsed discharge with cavitation on the bactericidal function (2015)

Abstract Plasma-based techniques are expected to have practical use for wastewater purification with a potential for killing contaminated microorganisms and degrading recalcitrant materials. In the present study, we analysed oxidative DNA damage in bacterial cells treated by the plasma to unveil its mechanisms in the bactericidal process. Escherichia coli cell suspension was exposed to the plasma induced by applying an alternating-current voltage of about 1 kV with bubbling formed by water-cavitation, termed pulsed discharge with cavitation. Chromosomal DNA damage, such as double strand break (DSB) and oxidative base lesions, increased proportionally with the applied energy, as determined by electrophoretic and mass spectrometric analyses. Among the base lesions identified, the yields of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G) and 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OH-C) in chromosomal DNA increased by up to 4- and 15-fold, respectively, compared to untreated samples. The progeny DNA sequences, derived from plasmid DNA exposed to the plasma, indicated that the production rate of 5-OH-C exceeded that of 8-OH-G, as G:C to A:T transitions accounted for 65% of all base changes, but only a few G:C to T:A transversions were observed. The cell viabilities of E. coli cells decreased in direct proportion to increases in the applied energy. Therefore, the plasma-induced bactericidal mechanism appears to relate to oxidative damage caused to bacterial DNA. These results were confirmed by observing the generation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide molecules following the plasma exposure. We also compared our results with the plasma to those obtained with 137 Cs γ -rays, as a well-known ROS generator to confirm the DNA-damaging mechanism involved.
Ship Scheduling Optimization Using Mathematical Programming Techniques for Coastal Shipping (2010)

Recently, it becomes more and more important to save fuel consumption on shipping for both economical and environmental reasons. For this purpose, there exist software-type methods like weather routing as well as hardwaretype methods like ship shape optimizing, which are very promising. In this paper, a ship scheduling optimization method, a kind of software-type method, is suggested. The method is based on mathematical programming techniques and so fast that it is appliable to maximal-fleet-sized coastal shipping scheduling problems in Japan, which seems to have been not well solvable by existing methods. A real case example shows the suggested method can optimize a 2-week scheduling of about 30 ships in 1 minuite, reducing fuel consumption by about 5 % compared to the original schedule made by human.
Clinical implications of the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in human transitional cell carcinoma. (1990)

To evaluate the distribution and density of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGF-Rs) on urothelium, immunohistological studies using a monoclonal antibody to the binding portion of the human EGF-R were performed on frozen specimens of normal urothelium (N = 20), urothelium from patients with nonurothelial urological malignancies (N = 15) and inflammatory diseases (N = 8), low grade superficial transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) (N = 13), high grade superficial or invasive TCC (N = 28), and endoscopically normal appearing urothelium from patients with low grade superficial (N = 5) or high grade (N = 21) TCC elsewhere in the bladder (or ipsilateral renal pelvis/ureter). EGF-Rs are found only on the basal layer of epithelial cells (with scattered representation on intermediate cells) in 95% of normal urothelial specimens and 100% of pathological specimens without urothelial malignancy. Alternatively, 92.3% of specimens of low grade superficial TCC and 100% of high grade TCCs had EGF-Rs richly expressed on the superficial as well as the deeper layers of urothelium. This "malignant" distribution of EGF-Rs was also found on all specimens of endoscopically normal appearing urothelium in patients with TCC elsewhere. The density of EGF-Rs correlated closely with tumor grade on both "premalignant" and frankly neoplastic urothelium. We conclude that the expression of EGF-Rs on urothelium favors the interaction of premalignant and malignant tissue with urinary EGF. To determine if altering the physiochemical environment of urine could interfere with this interaction, the effects of pH on the binding of and growth responses to EGF were assessed on four human TCC cell lines. Scatchard plots demonstrated that varying pH from 5.0 to 7.5 did not significantly change the total number of receptors, but EGF-R affinity was reduced approximately 20-fold as pH decreased from 7.5 to 5 in each TCC target. Similarly, significant growth stimulation by EGF at pH 7.5 was abrogated at pH less than or equal to 7.0 while growth rates in the absence of EGF remained unchanged at lower pHs. It thus appears that urinary acidification may hold promise in the management and prevention of recurrent bladder cancer.
30-nm-gate InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs lattice-matched to InP substrates (2002)

In this paper, we report the fabrication and the device characteristics of the InP-based lattice-matched HEMTs with a 30-nm gate, which is the smallest gate yet achieved for InP-based HEMTs. A fullerene-incorporated nanocomposite resist is used in electron beam (EB) lithography to achieve such a small gate. A cutoff frequency of the 30-nm-gate HEMTs is 350 GHz, which is comparable to the reported value for 50-nm-gate InP-based pseudomorphic HEMTs and one of the highest value achieved by any kind of three-terminal electronic device.
Influence of Organic Contaminant on Breakdown Characteristics of MOS Capacitors with Thin SiO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

The feasibility of practical application of a plastic wafer box with a UV/photoelectron cleaning unit has been investigated. The total ion chromatogram spectra showed a dramatic decrease of the organic contaminant adsorbed on Si wafers stored in the newly developed plastic box made of polyether sulfone (PES) to which the UV/photoelectron cleaning unit is attached. We also found that the organic contaminant on the Si surface strongly enhances the appearance of a soft breakdown of oxide films of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, resulting in a decreased reliability of the gate oxide. However, the injected charge at which the gate oxide undergoes the final hard breakdown is significantly improved by attaching the UV/photoelectron cleaning unit to the PES wafer box.
Learning texture discrimination rules in a multiresolution system (1994)

We describe a texture analysis system in which informative discrimination rules are learned from a multiresolution representation of time textured input. The system incorporates unsupervised and supervised learning via statistical machine learning and rule-based neural networks, respectively. The textured input is represented in the frequency-orientation space via a log-Gabor pyramidal decomposition. In the unsupervised learning stage a statistical clustering scheme is used for the quantization of the feature-vector attributes. A supervised stage follows in which labeling of the textured map is achieved using a rule-based network. Simulation results for the texture classification task are given. An application of the system to real-world problems is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the Mechanism of the Pinacol Rearrangement. I. Compounds Related to meso- and dl-2,3-Butanediol (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Mechanism of the Pinacol Rearrangement. I. Compounds Related to meso- and dl-2,3-ButanediolElliot R. Alexander and Donald C. DittmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1665–1668Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts