gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using computerized exchange systems to solve an allocation problem in project management (1994)

I n this article we study the allocation problem facing the management of a large research and development project. The project management has to allocate resources among competing users to achieve the project goal. Besides the constraint of scarcity, the allocation problem is difficult because users have private parameters that project management requires to know in order to make an optimal allocation. Furthermore, users have incentives to misrepresent the information about these parameters to advance their individual agendas, which can differ from the project goal. A method to solve the allocation problem using computerized exchange institutions is introduced and analyzed. We emphasize that the rules of the exchange should be carefully selected, because different rules produce different results. We use the methodology of experimental economics to demonstrate this conclusion. This research was motivated by JPL's Cassini Mission to Saturn. A computerized exchange described in this article has been implemented by the Cassini Project to assist in the management of the resources used in the design and operation of science instruments.
Gain-of-function<i>HCN2</i>variants in genetic epilepsy (2017)

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is a common epilepsy syndrome that encompasses seizure disorders characterized by spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs). Pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) are considered integral to SWD genesis, making them an ideal gene candidate for GGE. We identified HCN2 missense variants from a large cohort of 585 GGE patients, recruited by the Epilepsy Phenome-Genome Project (EPGP), and performed functional analysis using two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from Xenopus oocytes. The p.S632W variant was identified in a patient with idiopathic photosensitive occipital epilepsy and segregated in the family. This variant was also independently identified in an unrelated patient with childhood absence seizures from a European cohort of 238 familial GGE cases. The p.V246M variant was identified in a patient with photo-sensitive GGE and his father diagnosed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Functional studies revealed that both p.S632W and p.V246M had an identical functional impact including a depolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation that is consistent with a gain-of-function. In contrast, no biophysical changes resulted from the introduction of common population variants, p.E280K and p.A705T, and the p.R756C variant from EPGP that did not segregate with disease. Our data suggest that HCN2 variants can confer susceptibility to GGE via a gain-of-function mechanism.
PDP sustainers with reduced current stress and sensitivity to parasitic and distributed components (2002)

This paper presents three improved plasma display panel (PDP) sustainers with reduced current stress and sensitivity to parasitic and distributed components. In the paper, a useful cell equivalent circuit model is first introduced, and a widely used sustainer is then reviewed, on which three improved ones are proposed. The proposed sustainers can reduce currents through switches and sensitivity to parasitic and distributed components along its conduction paths. Derivation and operating principle of the proposed sustainers are addressed in detail. In addition, their related gaseous discharge mechanism in PDP cells is also presented. Hardware measurements have verified the feasibility of the proposed sustainers.
MicroRNA-Based Attenuation of Influenza Virus across Susceptible Hosts (2017)

Influenza A virus drives significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock. Annual circulation of the virus in livestock and waterfowl contributes to severe economic disruption and increases the risk of zoonotic transmission of novel strains into the human population, where there is no preexisting immunity. Seasonal vaccinations in humans help prevent infection and can reduce symptoms when infection does occur. However, current vaccination regimens available for livestock are limited in part due to safety concerns regarding reassortment/recombination with circulating strains. Therefore, inactivated vaccines are used instead of the more immunostimulatory live attenuated vaccines. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been used previously to generate attenuated influenza A viruses for use as a vaccine. Here, we systematically targeted individual influenza gene mRNAs using the same miRNA to determine the segment(s) that yields maximal attenuation potential. This analysis demonstrated that targeting of NP mRNA most efficiently ablates replication. We further increased the plasticity of miRNA-mediated attenuation of influenza A virus by exploiting a miRNA, miR-21, that is ubiquitously expressed across influenza-susceptible hosts. In order to construct this targeted virus, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to eliminate the universally expressed miR-21 from MDCK cells. miR-21-targeted viruses were attenuated in human, mouse, canine, and avian cells and drove protective immunity in mice. This strategy has the potential to enhance the safety of live attenuated vaccines in humans and zoonotic reservoirs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza A virus circulates annually in both avian and human populations, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. High incidence of zoonotic infections greatly increases the potential for transmission to humans, where no preexisting immunity or vaccine exists. There is a critical need for new vaccine strategies to combat emerging influenza outbreaks. MicroRNAs were used previously to attenuate influenza A viruses. We propose the development of a novel platform to produce live attenuated vaccines that are highly customizable, efficacious across a broad species range, and exhibit enhanced safety over traditional vaccination methods. This strategy exploits a microRNA that is expressed abundantly in influenza virus-susceptible hosts. By eliminating this ubiquitous microRNA from a cell line, targeted viruses that are attenuated across susceptible strains can be generated. This approach greatly increases the plasticity of the microRNA targeting approach and enhances vaccine safety.
Analysis and Design of Single-to-Balanced Combline Bandpass Filters With Two Independently Controllable Transmission Zeros in LTCC Technology (2010)

In this paper, the analysis and design of single-to-balanced combline bandpass filter are presented. The cross-coupled effect is introduced to create two transmission zeros that can be located independently in either the upper or lower stopband. Notably, the effect of nonadjacent line coupling on the filter response is properly addressed, and an efficient way to compensate it is proposed. Also, the issue of a frequency-dependent J-inverter in bandpass filter design is also well treated. The proposed filter can be implemented using the low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) process to achieve very compact circuit size, in which the combline line lengths are as small as . Specifically, two third-order single-to-balanced combline bandpass filters in LTCC are implemented. Good balance performance, low loss, good selectivity, and compact size are achieved.
Preparation of Cross-linked Guar Gum (2012)

The preparation of cross-linked guar gum was investigated by using epichlorohydrin as the cross-linking agent,sodium hydroxide as the catalyst and ethanol as the solvent in this study.The effects of epichlorohydrin amount,pH,reaction time,reaction temperature and alcohol concentration on the sediment volume of cross-linked guar gum was explored.The results showed that epichlorohydrin amount,pH,reaction time,reaction temperature and alcohol concentration had obvious impact on cross-linked reaction of guar gum.The optimal conditions for preparing cross-linked guar gum were epichlorohydrin amount of 8%,reaction time of 3.5 h,reaction temperature of 40 ℃ and ethanol concentration of 95%.Five reaction conditions were ranked in decreasing order of their effect on the sediment volume of cross-linked guar gum as follows: epichlorohydrin amount,reaction temperature,pH,reaction time and alcohol concentration.The thermal stability,enthalpy change,endothermic onset temperature,peak temperature and final temperature of cross-linked guar gum increased with increasing degree of cross-linking.
Development of Alloy Design and Welding Technology for Austenitic Stainless Steel (2010)

스테인리스강은 우수한 내식성과 기계적 성질 때문에 많은 산업에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 특히 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강의 용접기술은 발전플랜트 및 석유화학 등 에너지 산업에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 일반적으로 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강의 용접부 및 열영향부에서는 고온응고균열(solidification cracking)과 용접부식(weld decay)이 발생할 수 있다. 현재 용접기술의 발전으로 대부분 이들 결함에 대한 대응기술은 밝혀져 있다. 그러나 점점 더 가혹한 해수 ·부식 분위기에서 사용되는 해양플랜트 및 원자력 등 발전플랜트에는 내식성이 더욱 우수한 슈퍼오스테나이트계 스테인리스강이 개발되어 적용되고 있으며, 이에 대한 용접기술도 보고되어 있다
Development and characterization of surface micromachined, out-of-plane hot-wire anemometer (2003)

We report the development of a new type of hot-wire anemometer (HWA) realized by using a microfabrication process that combines surface micromachining and an efficient three-dimensional assembly technique. The HWA uses a thermal element (hot wire) that is made of Pt/Ni/Pt film with a measured temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 2400 ppm/°C. The thermal element is elevated out of plane by using support beams made of polyimide. In our current design, the support beam is 2.7 μm thick and up to 1 mm tall, and the length of the thermal element varies from 50 μm to 200 μm. Steady-state response to air velocity has been experimentally obtained up to 20 m/s under both constant current (CC) and constant temperature (CT) modes. The transient-state response has been examined using square wave and sinusoidal wave excitation signals in CT modes with the maximum cutoff frequency found to be approximately 10 kHz. This new HWA offers a number of unique materials and performance characteristics. The sensor does not require the use of silicon as either substrate or sensing materials. Using this process, it is possible to form large arrays of HWA on a variety of substrate materials.
Microwave Chemical Sensor Using Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Cavity (2016)

This research proposes a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity sensor to detect several chemicals using the millimeter-wave frequency range. The frequency response of the presented SIW sensor is switched by filling a very small quantity of chemical inside of the fluidic channel, which also causes a difference in the effective permittivity. The fluidic channel on this structure is either empty or filled with a chemical; when it is empty the structure resonates at 17.08 GHz. There is always a different resonant frequency when any chemical is injected into the fluidic channel. The maximum amount of chemical after injection is held in the center of the SIW structure, which has the maximum magnitude of the electric field distribution. Thus, the objective of sensing chemicals in this research is achieved by perturbing the electric fields of the SIW structure.
Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic activity and sympathetic neurotransmitters in humans (1988)

We raised and lowered arterial pressures with stepwise intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside in ten healthy young men and measured changes of R-R intervals, post-ganglionic peroneal nerve muscle sympathetic activity, and antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y concentrations. Respiratory peak-valley R-R interval changes declined with arterial pressure reductions, but did not rise with pressure elevations. Sympathetic activity was modulated by respiration over the entire range of pressures and, at each pressure, was more prominent in expiration than inspiration. Levels of muscle sympathetic nerve activity were low during supine rest, were suppressed almost completely during small increases of pressure, and were increased proportionally during pressure reductions. Over a range of average diastolic pressures from 69 to 89 mmHg, antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline levels were related linearly (r = 0.86, P = 0.0001) to muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Neuropeptide Y levels increased proportionally with muscle sympathetic nerve activity during pressure reductions, but did not decline during pressure elevations. Our results suggest that in man, muscle sympathetic outflow is modulated finely by small changes of baroreceptor input, and that during pharmacologically induced changes of arterial pressure, changes of antecubital vein plasma noradrenaline concentrations provide excellent estimates of changes of sympathetic nerve traffic to skeletal muscle.
Massive Dirac Fermion on the Surface of a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator (2010)

In addition to a bulk energy gap, topological insulators accommodate a conducting, linearly dispersed Dirac surface state. This state is predicted to become massive if time reversal symmetry is broken, and to become insulating if the Fermi energy is positioned inside both the surface and bulk gaps. We introduced magnetic dopants into the three-dimensional topological insulator dibismuth triselenide (Bi2Se3) to break the time reversal symmetry and further position the Fermi energy inside the gaps by simultaneous magnetic and charge doping. The resulting insulating massive Dirac fermion state, which we observed by angle-resolved photoemission, paves the way for studying a range of topological phenomena relevant to both condensed matter and particle physics.
Establishment from a human chondrosarcoma of a new immortal cell line with high tumorigenicity <i>in vivo</i>, which is able to form proteoglycan‐rich cartilage‐like nodules and to respond to insulin <i>in vitro</i> (1991)

The human chondrosarcoma cell line (HCS-2/8) established by our group expresses cartilage phenotypes such as production of cartilage-type proteoglycans and collagen type II, but its tumorigenicity is low. To develop an in vitro experimental system for studies of human chondrosarcomas, a new immortal cell line of human chondrosarcoma, named HCS-2/A, was established from the same tumor. HCS-2/A cells proliferated with a doubling time of 3 1/2 days in a medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). This growth rate was comparable to that of HCS-2/8 cells. However, HCS-2/A cells proliferated more rapidly than HCS-2/8 cells in the presence of 2-10% FBS. Like HCS-2/8 cells, HCS-2/A cells had a polygonal shape in sparse cultures and became spherical as they reached confluence, after which they formed nodules composed of multilayered cells and a large quantity of extracellular matrix showing strong metachromasia. The nodules formed by HCS-2/A cells were thicker and also larger in diameter than those formed by HCS-2/8 cells. Electron microscopically, the cells in the nodules resembled chondrocytes in vivo, but each cell had an irregular-shaped nucleus which is a characteristics of tumor cells. The cells actively synthesized "cartilage-specific" large proteoglycans and their level of proteoglycan synthesis was comparable to that of HCS-2/8 cells. Insulin, which stimulates proteoglycan and DNA syntheses in cultured chondrocytes, markedly increased proteoglycan synthesis in HCS-2/A cells. On the other hand, the hormone only slightly increased proteoglycan synthesis in HCS-2/8 cells. Insulin also stimulated DNA synthesis in cultured HCS-2/A cells, but not in HCS-2/8 cells. Immunostaining revealed that HCS-2/A cells produced type-II collagen but not type-I collagen. However, the level of collagen synthesis of HCS-2/A cells was lower than that of HCS-2/8 cells. Inoculation of HCS-2/A cells into athymic mice resulted in the formation of chondrosarcomas that grew faster than those arising from HCS-2/8 cells.
Test-Access Planning and Test Scheduling for Embedded Core-Based System Chips (2005)

Advances in the semiconductor process technology enable the creation of a complete system on one single die, the so-called system chip or SOC. To reduce time-to-market for large SOCs, reuse of pre-designed and pre-veried blocks called cores is employed. Like the design style, testing of SOCs can be best approached in a core-based fashion. In order to enable core-based test development, an embedded core should be isolated from its surrounding circuitry and electrical test access from chip pins to the core should be provided. Isolation of a core is done by designing a wrapper around the core, while the test access to the core is provided by means of a dedicated Test Access Mechanism (TAM).
The effect of cis-platinum (II) diamminodichloride on bone marrow. (1972)

Summary Changes in bone marrow elements after a single i.p. injection of cis-platinum (II) diamminodichloride, 8 mg/kg, were analyzed in mice. Cell counts in unit volumes of bone marrow, mitotic indices, and relative frequencies of individual elements were estimated 1, 3, 6, and 24 hr and 3, 6, and 10 days after drug administration. It was found that changes in mitotic index occurred prior to changes in cell count. Mitotic index and the cell count decreased from Hr 1 reaching minimum values after 24 and 72 hr, respectively. Normal values were then reached after oscillations. Only small changes were observed in erythroblasts, whereas more mature normoblasts decreased on Day 3 and later increased. With myeloid cells, pronounced changes occurred in the number of more mature forms. Oscillations of decreasing amplitude, observed in lymphocytes, monocytes, and megakaryocytes, were characterized by a high rise early after administration followed by a decrease below control values and, finally, a trend toward increase to normal values. Most probably, the slight oscillations extended longer than the 10-day period and will be studied later. We concluded that the observed changes after a dose of 8 mg/kg corresponded to, for example, rather low doses of X-irradiation.
Effect of gums on viability and β<i>‐</i>galactosidase activity of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. in milk drink during refrigerated storage (2014)

Summary The viability and β‐galactosidase activity of four Lactobacillus strains in milk drink containing gums during 28 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C were assessed. The population of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB101 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB103 were maintained, whereas the population of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016 and Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 significantly decreased. The recommended level of 6 log CFU g −1 was exceeded for all tested trains throughout storage. The highest viable number of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGB103 (8.76 ± 0.03 log CFU mL −1 ) was obtained in the product containing carrageenan–maltodextrin. The addition of guar–locust bean–carrageenan led to 20‐fold increase in the level of β‐galactosidase activity for L. rhamnosus GGB101 (1208 ± 2.12 Miller units mL −1 ) compared to the control (61 ± 2.83 Miller units mL −1 ). Our results suggested that gums could be added to milk to improve viability and enhance β‐galactosidase activity of Lactobacillus .
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Metal-binding Sites of Clostridium thermocellum Endoglucanase CelD (1995)

Crystallographic analysis indicated that Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase CelD contained three Ca(2+)-binding sites, termed A, B, and C, and one Zn(2+)-binding site. The protein contributed five, six, and three of the coordinating oxygen atoms present at sites A, B, and C, respectively. Proteins altered by mutation in site A (CelDD246A), B (CelDD361A), or C (CelDD523A) were compared with wild type CelD. The Ca(2+)-binding isotherm of wild type CelD was compatible with two high affinity sites (Ka = 2 x 10(6) M-1) and one low affinity site (Ka < 10(5) M-1). The Ca(2+)-binding isotherms of the mutated proteins showed that sites A and B were the two high affinity sites and that site C was the low affinity site. Atomic absorption spectrometry confirmed the presence of one tightly bound Zn2+ atom per CelD molecule. The inactivation rate of CelD at 75 degrees C was decreased 1.9-fold upon increasing the Ca2+ concentration from 2 x 10(-5) to 10(-3) M. The Km of CelD was decreased 1.8-fold upon increasing the Ca2+ concentration from 5 x 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. Over similar ranges of concentration, Ca2+ did not affect the thermostability nor the kinetic properties of CelDD523A. These findings suggest that Ca2+ binding to site C stabilizes the active conformation of CelD in agreement with the close vicinity of site C to the catalytic center.
Einsatz der photodynamischen Lasertherapie in der Gynäkologie (1995)

After first results of penetration studies and clinical follow-up, PDT after topical ALA application seems to be a good alternative to surgical procedures in dysplastic changes of the genital tract.
Layered optical thin-film allpass dispersion equalizer (lotade): a novel device compensating for dispersion slope of optical fibers (2000)

In high bit-rate optical transmission systems, devices that compensate for dispersion slope of fibers have become critical components. A dispersion-slope compensation fiber, a nonlinear chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer on a planner light wave circuit (PLC) have been demonstrated so far.
Comprehensive in silico prediction and analysis of chlamydial outer membrane proteins reflects evolution and life style of the Chlamydiae (2009)

This analysis suggested a correlation between the outer membrane protein composition and the host range of chlamydiae and revealed a common set of outer membrane proteins shared by these intracellular bacteria. The collection of predicted chlamydial outer membrane proteins is available at the online database pCOMP http://www.microbial-ecology.net/pcomp and might provide future guidance in the quest for anti-chlamydial vaccines.
Recovery of Grapefruit Oil Constituents from Processing Waste Water using Styrene‐divinylbenzene Resins (1992)

ABSTRACT Styrene‐divinylbenzene (SDVB) resins were utilized for the recovery of coldpressed grapefruit oil constituents from model solutions and waste waters. Sorption rates and sorption capacities were determined for a series of resins with model solutions. Citrus oil processing waste water was passed through an upflow column extraction system. Adsorbed oil was desorbed using 95% ethanol and gas chromatographic analysis was performed to determine the quality of the extracted oil. The waste water samples contained suspended solids which reduced the extraction ability of the resins. Major compounds recovered from waste waters were d‐limonene and alpha‐terpineol. Nootkatone and linalool recovery levels varied, while octanal and decanal were present in extremely low levels in the recovered products.
Is intranasal vaccination a feasible solution for tuberculosis? (2008)

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine administered to humans and, until today, more than 3 billion people have received BCG. However, despite the use of BCG, TB remains a global epidemic with a third of the world population being infected. Regardless of the protection induced by BCG in childhood TB, BCG vaccination fails to protect against pulmonary TB in adults, which represents more than 85% of the total TB burden. Therefore, the development of safe and efficacious TB vaccines that can confer potent protection in the lung mucosa has remained a major challenge to TB vaccinologists. Intranasal vaccination by different antigen formulations has shown promising results in the augmentation of immunity and the combat of the pathogens at the site of infection. This article will focus on the potential of intranasal vaccination and mucosal adjuvants for the development of new-generation TB vaccines.