gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Is an Important Mediator of Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth Suppression by All- <i>trans</i> Retinoic Acid (2007)

There is a need to identify more effective drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer as it is the leading cause of death among gynecologic tumors. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a natural retinoid, arrests the growth of CA-OV3 ovarian carcinoma cells in G(0)-G(1). Because the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor has been implicated in the proliferation of various tumors, we investigated its potential role in the suppression of ovarian cancer cell growth by ATRA. Our studies revealed that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein levels decrease in CA-OV3 cells on ATRA treatment, whereas no differences in IRS-1 levels were seen in the ATRA-resistant SK-OV3 cells. Moreover, CA-OV3 clones overexpressing IRS-1 were growth inhibited less by ATRA, whereas SK-OV3 clones in which levels of IRS-1 were reduced by expression of antisense IRS-1 became sensitive to growth inhibition by ATRA treatment. Studies to determine the mechanism by which ATRA reduced IRS-1 expression showed that ATRA altered steady-state levels of IRS-1 mRNA and the stability of IRS-1 protein. Finally, the role of IRS-1 as a potential molecular target of ATRA in ovarian tumors was assessed by immunohistochemistry in an ovarian cancer tissue array. Compared with normal ovary, the majority of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors overexpressed IRS-1. Thus, there seems to be a correlation between IRS-1 expression and malignancy in ovarian tumors. Our results suggest that IRS-1 is in fact an important growth-regulatory molecule that can be a potential effective target for chemotherapeutic intervention with growth-suppressive agents, including retinoids.
Ultra-high efficiency power conversion using cryogenic MOSFETs and HT-superconductors (2002)

Ultra-high efficiency (>99%) power conversion and the corresponding energy savings can be accomplished by combining two new devices: the cryogenic power MOSFET and the high current inductor made with high-temperature (HT) superconductors. Their properties are reviewed. Several possible applications are discussed such as high-power inverters, switchmode amplifiers, and multi-kilowatt RF generators. Design information is presented for the thermal losses of a cryogenic container and the required electrical conductors to a cryogenic circuit. It is investigated if there are potential advantages of cryogenic power conversion such as drastic size, weight, and cost reductions at improved reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Possible role of fructosamine 3-kinase genotyping for the management of diabetic patients (2015)

Diabetes mellitus is a global pandemic and continues to increase in numbers and significance. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of such disease and these mechanisms could be influenced by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Non-enzymatic glycation reactions of proteins have been strongly related to pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. The identification of fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K), an enzyme involved in protein deglycation, a new form of protein repair, is of great interest. FN3K phosphorylates fructosamines on the third carbon of their sugar moiety, making them unstable and causing them to detach from proteins, suggesting a protective role of this enzyme. Moreover, the variability in FN3K activity has been associated with some polymorphisms in the FN3K gene. Here we argue about genetic studies and evidence of FN3K involvement in diabetes, together with results of our analysis of the FN3K gene on a Caucasian cohort of diabetic patients. Present knowledge suggests that FN3K could act in concert with other molecular mechanisms and may impact on gene expression and activity of other enzymes involved in deglycation process.
[Comparison of in vitro methods for the determination of the activity of fosfomycin with the efficacy determined in experimentally infected mice (author's transl)]. (1981)

Effective doses of fosfomycin against 17 strains of bacteria were determined in therapeutic experiments using infected mice. The peak serum levels obtained after administration of these doses were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined in vitro. Reasonable minimum inhibitory concentrations were obtained only with Mueller-Hinton agar containing glucose-6-phosphate: 1. Correlation of in vivo and in vitro efficacy is much better in comparison with the use of media without glucose-6-phosphate. 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations below the levels obtained after therapeutic doses were found only in Mueller-Hinton agar containing glucose-6-phosphate. 3. Minimum inhibitory concentrations are better reproducible when determined on solid media than in broth.
Cu,N-codoped Hierarchical Porous Carbons as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2016)

It remains a huge challenge to develop nonprecious electrocatalysts with high activity to substitute commercial Pt catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Here, the Cu,N-codoped hierarchical porous carbon (Cu-N-C) with a high content of pyridinic N was synthesized by carbonizing Cu-containing ZIF-8. Results indicate that Cu-N-C shows excellent ORR electrocatalyst properties. First of all, it nearly follows the four-electron route, and its electron transfer number reaches 3.92 at -0.4 V. Second, both the onset potential and limited current density of Cu-N-C are almost equal to those of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Third, it exhibits a better half-wave potential (∼16 mV) than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. More importantly, the Cu-N-C displays better stability and methanol tolerance than the Pt/C catalyst. All of these good properties are attributed to hierarchical structure, high pyridinic N content, and the synergism of Cu and N dopants. The metal-N codoping strategy can significantly enhance the activity of electrocatalysts, and it will provide reference for the design of novel N-doped porous carbon ORR catalysts.
A new technique for detecting similar documents based on term co-occurrence and conceptual property of the text (2008)

The importance of detecting similar documents grows rapidly as the amount of information increases exponentially. This paper presents a new technique for identifying similar documents. It combines statistical properties of documents with Persian linguistic features. The proposed technique is mostly suited for detecting similar documents in specific fields. The proposed method is built on lexical chain of important words and based on term co-occurrence property of the text. It prevents the irrelevant documents to be identified similar due to polysemy property of the words. It also considers the order of words in identifying the similar documents. If a document consists of more than one subject, it could also be founded and similar documents according to different topics of the text could be detected. Our results shows improved performance compared to existing word-based methods like LSI and VSM.
A framework for configurable hierarchical simulation in a multiple-user decision support environment (2005)

In this paper we discuss the new challenge for using simulation modeling tools to support decision making in a multiple-user environment when organizations make business process changes in complex logistics systems. Current simulation based decision support tools are mainly single-level oriented and lack the capability and efficiency to support the business process analysis used by multiple users. Operational freedom for configuring executable simulation models is required by users to conduct customized services. This challenge motivated to design an architecture for configurable hierarchical simulation to support multiple-user decision making in a flexible way. The preliminary idea of a new design principle is presented in this paper.
Treatment of Model Error in Calibration by Robust and Fuzzy Procedures (1994)

In every mathematical (e.g., statistical) procedure and theorem used in calibration, several conditions need to be fulfilled. What can analysts and chemometricians do, however, if the conditions are only nearly fulfilled? One can expect that small changes in the conditions yield only small changes in the results. This article shows how to treat two types of model error caused by assuming an incorrect error distribution or relationship (i.e., linear). The procedures applied are based on robust statistics and fuzzy theory, respectively.
Photonic crystal slab quantum cascade detector (2013)

In this Letter, we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and characterization of a photonic crystal slab quantum cascade detector (PCS-QCD). By employing a specifically designed resonant cavity, the performance of the photodetector is improved in three distinct ways. The PCS makes the QCD sensitive to surface normal incident light. It resonantly enhances the photon lifetime inside the active zone, thus increasing the photocurrent significantly. And, the construction form of the device inherently decreases the noise. Finally, we compare the characteristics of the PCS-QCD to a PCS - quantum well infrared photodetector and outline the advantages for certain fields of applications.
Energy expenditure estimation using wearable sensors (2012)

Accurate estimation of Energy Expenditure (EE) in ambulatory settings is a key element in determining the causal relation between aspects of human behavior related to physical activity and health. We present a new methodology for activity-specific EE algorithms. The proposed methodology models activity clusters using specific parameters that capture differences in EE within a cluster, and combines these models with Metabolic Equivalents (METs) derived from the compendium of physical activities. We designed a protocol consisting of a wide set of sedentary, household, lifestyle and gym activities, and developed a new activity-specific EE algorithm applying the proposed methodology. The algorithm uses accelerometer (ACC) and heart rate (HR) data acquired by a single monitoring device, together with anthropometric variables, to predict EE. Our model recognizes six clusters of activities independent of the subject in 52.6 hours of recordings from 19 participants. Increases in EE estimation accuracy ranged from 18 to 31% compared to state of the art single and multi-sensor activity-specific methods.
User reputation in a comment rating environment (2011)

Reputable users are valuable assets of a web site. We focus on user reputation in a comment rating environment, where users make comments about content items and rate the comments of one another. Intuitively, a reputable user posts high quality comments and is highly rated by the user community. To our surprise, we find that the quality of a comment judged editorially is almost uncorrelated with the ratings that it receives, but can be predicted using standard text features, achieving accuracy as high as the agreement between two editors! However, extracting a pure reputation signal from ratings is difficult because of data sparseness and several confounding factors in users' voting behavior. To address these issues, we propose a novel bias-smoothed tensor model and empirically show that our model significantly outperforms a number of alternatives based on Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Buzz and Epinions datasets.
Study on microstructure of corpus striatum in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder using magnetic resonance imaging (2017)

<strong>Objective</strong> To investigate the structure of corpus striatum and the integrity of white matter fiber in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). <strong>Methods </strong> Twelve patients with iRBD, 12 patients with PD and 10 healthy subjects that were well matched in gender, age and education were enrolled in this study. Head MRI examination was performed to all subjects to observe the changes of corpus striatum structure (the gray matter volume) and the integrity of white matter fiber [fractional anisotropy (FA)] by combining voxel?based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). <strong>Results </strong> Compared with healthy subjects, the gray matter volume of left caudate nucleus was significantly decreased (<em>P </em>< 0.005), and FA values of left caudate nucleus (<em>P</em> < 0.005), right caudate nucleus (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and right putamen (<em>P</em> < 0.05) were all significantly reduced in iRBD patients; FA value of right putamen was significantly decreased in PD patients (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Compared with PD patients, the gray matter volume of left caudate nucleus of iRBD patients was significantly reduced (<em>P</em> < 0.001), FA values of left caudate nucleus (<em>P</em> < 0.01) and right caudate nucleus (<em>P</em> < 0.005) of iRBD patients were significantly reduced. <strong>Conclusions </strong> There is atrophy of gray matter volume and extensive white matter fiber impairment in corpus striatum of patients with iRBD, and the white matter fiber impairment was similar to PD, which provides an anatomical evidence for iRBD being presymptom of PD. <strong>DOI: </strong>10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.05.008
Development of a Cantilever Beam Generator Employing Vibration Energy Harvestin (2006)

This paper details the development of a generator based upon a cantilever beam inertial mass system which harvests energy from ambient environmental vibrations. The paper compares the predicted results from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the mechanical behaviour and magnetic field simulations and experimental results from a generator. Several design changes were implemented to maximise the conversion of magnetic energy into generated power and a maximum power output of 17.8?W was achieved at a resonant frequency of 56.6Hz and an applied acceleration of 60mg (g = 9.81ms-2).
Multiattribute seismic analysis (1997)

Multiattribute seismic analysis is a broad term that encompasses all geostatistical methods that utilize more than one attribute to predict some physical property of the earth. Bivariate geostatistics is obviously the simplest subset of the multivariate techniques and thus the standard technique of cokriging could be called multivariate geostatistics. However, in this paper we will use the name to refer to geostatistical methods that use more than two variables. Even then, there are many different methods that fall under this heading. There are three major subcategories.
Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect chromosome‐specific changes in exfoliated human bladder and oral mucosa cells (1993)

Change in chromosome number, numerical aneuploidy, has been consistently linked with cancer development. Since 90% of cancers arise in epithelial tissues, techniques that measure aneuploidy in these tissues would be very useful. Here we describe methods of optimization and suggest use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect aneuploidy in exfoliated epithelial cells collected from the mouth and bladder. A total of 10,383 urothelial cells and 4,691 buccal cells were scored in order to determine a baseline frequency of aneuploidy in human volunteers using a classical satellite probe for chromosome 9. Protein digestion with pepsin was found to be more efficient at removing the keratinized cell membrane and optimizing probe penetration than acid washes, detergent washes, or hypotonic treatments. A 20 min cellular digestion with 200 micrograms/ml and a 30 min digestion with 300 micrograms/ml of pepsin in 0.01 M HCl optimized probe penetration in urothelial and buccal cells, respectively. Average frequencies for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hybridization regions were 10.3, 10.1, 78.4, 1.0, and 0.3% for urothelial cells and 8.8, 9.8, 79.4, 1.3, and 0.3% for buccal cells, respectively. These results are very similar to those previously described in lymphocytes. The urothelial cells of males had a lower frequency of diploid cells and a higher frequency of cells without hybridization regions than females (P < 0.02). No statistically significant variability was found between individuals or sex groups in buccal cells. Our data show that FISH is a useful tool to detect changes in frequency of aneuploidy in exfoliated epithelial cells and has good potential for monitoring human populations exposed to genotoxic agents.
Interface structure and Schottky barrier height of buried CoSi2/Si(001) layers (1993)

The atomic interface structure of implanted buried layers in (100) oriented Si substrates has been characterized by quantitative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy on cross-section specimens. The buried layers were produced by high-dose Co+ ion implantation [100 and 200 keV Co+ ions, (1–2)×1017 cm−2] at 350 °C and subsequent rapid thermal annealing at 750 and at 1150 °C. Planar interface regions of high perfection with domains of different atomic interface structures, and interface steps, frequently with {111} facets, were observed. Comparison with computer-simulated images for various interface models yields evidence for interface regions with six-fold and eight-fold coordination of the Co interface atoms. Furthermore, regions with interfaces showing a continuous transition as well as Co-rich interfaces were found. Measurements of the Schottky barrier heights have been performed and show smaller values for the upper CoSi2/n-Si(001) interfaces than for the lower ones. Possible correlations between the interface structures and the resulting electronic properties are discussed.
TreePlus: Interactive Exploration of Networks with Enhanced Tree Layouts (2006)

Despite extensive research, it is still difficult to produce effective interactive layouts for large graphs. Dense layout and occlusion make food webs, ontologies, and social networks difficult to understand and interact with. We propose a new interactive Visual Analytics component called TreePlus that is based on a tree-style layout. TreePlus reveals the missing graph structure with visualization and interaction while maintaining good readability. To support exploration of the local structure of the graph and gathering of information from the extensive reading of labels, we use a guiding metaphor of "Plant a seed and watch it grow." It allows users to start with a node and expand the graph as needed, which complements the classic overview techniques that can be effective at (but often limited to) revealing clusters. We describe our design goals, describe the interface, and report on a controlled user study with 28 participants comparing TreePlus with a traditional graph interface for six tasks. In general, the advantage of TreePlus over the traditional interface increased as the density of the displayed data increased. Participants also reported higher levels of confidence in their answers with TreePlus and most of them preferred TreePlus.
Optimal Estimating Equations for Mixed Effects Models with Dependent Observations (2001)

Optimal joint estimating equations for fixed and random parameters are derived via an extension of the Godambe criterion.Applications to autoregressive processes and generalized linear mixed models for Markov processes are discussed.Marginal optimal estimating functions for fixed parameters are also discussed.
The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (2017)

Part 1 The departing ground: a fundamental circularity - in the mind of the reflective scientist - an already-given condition, what is cognitive science?, cognitive science within the circle, the theme of this book what do we mean Human Experience? - science and the phenomenological tradition, the breakdown of phenomenology, a non-western philosophical tradition, examining experience with a method - mindfulness/awareness, the role of reflection in the analysis of experience, experimentation and experiential analysis. Part 2 Varieties of cognitivism: symbols - the cognitivist hypothesis - the foundational cloud, defining the cognitivist hypothesis, manifestations of cognitivism, cognitivism and human experience, experience and the computational mind the I of the storm - what do we mean by Self?, looking for a self in the aggregates, momentariness and the brain, the aggregates without a self. Part 3 Varieties of emergence: emergent properties and connectionism - self-organization - the roots of an alternative, the connectionist strategy, emergence and self-organization, connectionism today, neuronal emergences, exeunt the symbols, linking symbols and emergence selfless minds - societies of mind, the society of object relations, co-dependent arising, basic element analysis, mindfulness and freedom, selfless minds, divided agents, minding the world. Part 4 Steps to a middle way: the Cartesian anxiety - a sense of dissatisfaction, representation revisited, the Cartesian anxiety, steps to a middle way, enaction - embodied cognition - recovering common sense, self-organization revisited, colour as a study case, cognition as embodied action, the retreat into natural selection evolutionary path making and natural drift - adaptationism - an idea in transition, a horizon of multiple mechanisms, beyond the best in evolution and cognition, evolution - ecology and development in congruence, lessons from evolution as natural drift, defining the enactive approach, enactive cognitive science. Part 5 Worlds without ground: the middle way - evocations of groundlessness, Nagarjuna and the Madhyamika tradition, the two truths, groundlessness in contemporary thought laying down a path in walking - science and experience in circulation, nihilism and the need for planetary thinking, Nishitani Keiji, ethics and human transformation. Appendices: meditation terminology categories of experiential events used in mindfulness/awareness works on Buddhism and mindfulness/awareness.
Platinum Iron Intermetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Formed In Situ by High‐Pressure Pyrolysis for Efficient Oxygen Reduction (2016)

Abstract Carbon‐supported PtFe alloy catalysts are synthesized by the one‐step, high‐temperature pyrolysis of Pt, Fe, and C precursors. As a result of the high temperature, the formed PtFe nanoparticles possess highly ordered, face‐centered tetragonal, intermetallic structures with a mean size of ≈11.8 nm. At 0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, the PtFe nanoparticles show a 6.8 times higher specific activity than the reference Pt/C catalyst towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as excellent stability, most likely because of the durable intermetallic structure and the preleaching treatment of the catalyst. During these preliminary syntheses, we found that a portion of the PtFe nanoparticles is buried in the in situ formed carbon phase, which limits Pt utilization in the catalyst and results in a mass‐specific activity equivalent to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the possible presence of other active sites, for example, FeN x , CN x , and carbon‐encapsulated metal nanoparticles, and their contribution to the ORR performance of the catalyst are also investigated.