gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic measurement of internal temperature distribution (1986)

Abstract Implementation of advanced materials processing strategies are presently hampered by a lack of adequate process-control sensors. For the processing of basic materials, such as steel and aluminium, an internal temperature-distribution sensor is needed. For these metals, the velocity of ultrasound is well known to be a strong function of temperature. We have therefore explored the feasibility of precisely measuring the velocity-temperature relation for a particular steel grade and using this to convert an ultrasonic-velocity distribution (tomogram) for a hot steel body to an internal temperature distribution. To overcome the usual need in conventional tomography for many thousands of path-integral measurements along intersecting ray paths, a priori heat-flow information has been incorporated into the reconstruction algorithms. As a result, for uniformly cooling bodies with the simple geometries usually encountered (e.g. circular, square or rectangular cross sections), the number of measurements can be reduced from many thousands to as few as three to five. Initial experiments on austenitic steel samples of cylindrical and square cross section by using non-contact ultrasonic techniques have shown that this approach yields acceptable temperature profiles at temperatures of up to 750 °C.
Focal Ischemic Cerebral Injury in the Newborn: Diagnosis by Ultrasound and Correlation with Computed Tomographic Scan (1983)

Ischemic brain injury in the newborn is a common cause of subsequent neurologic deficits seen in older children. Clearly, determination of severity and location of such injury is important for management and prognosis. Although ultrasound scanning of the brain has been used extensively in the premature infant for diagnosis of hemorrhagic lesions, its use in the term infant for recognition of ischemic cerebral lesions has not been reported. Four cases are described in which focal echodense areas were identified on ultrasound scan of the brain. These echodense areas on ultrasound corresponded to the appearance on computed tomographic (CT) scan of areas of decreased density which are known to represent ischemic cerebral injury. In three of the four cases there were focal neurologic findings and/or focal abnormalities on EEG. In two cases, real-time ultrasound scanning demonstrated changes in arterial pulsations in cerebral vessels in the area of the lesions. Thus in both, there was diminution in pulsations within the echodense areas and in one case, an increase in pulsations was observed at the periphery of the echodense lesion. Our data demonstrate the value of ultrasound scanning for assessment of the extent and location of focal cerebral ischemic lesions in the newborn. Such assessment permits assessment of prognosis.
The Pyramid Liner Concept (2003)

Abstract : A shaped charge device was designed from a charge with a four-sided pyramid as the liner. Devices of this nature were first studied by Geiger and Honcia in 1977 and relegated to the area of interesting concepts, but without application. The current study represents probably the first numerical simulations of this charge, including parametric variations of the altitude of the pyramid and the initiation mode of the explosive. The numerical simulations were performed using the CTH hydrocode (shock physics code) developed by Sandia National Laboratories. The liner was made of copper, and the wall thickness of each isosceles triangle comprising the pyramid was identical. The multiple interacting jets provide a wide area of coverage that implies that the device may be useful as a multidirectional cutting charge. A multidirectional charge may be useful for certain applications in the mining, oil well completion, demolition, or military fields.
Synthesis of Phosphatase-Stable, Cell-Permeable Peptidomimetic Prodrugs That Target the SH2 Domain of Stat3 (2009)

The synthesis of prodrugs targeted to the SH2 domain of Stat3 is reported. Using a convergent strategy, the pivaloyloxymethyl phosphonodiester of pentachlorophenyl 4-phosphonodifluoromethylcinnamate, a phosphotyrosine surrogate, was synthesized and used to acylate peptidomimetic fragments that were prepared on solid supports. Two prodrugs described here inhibited the phosphorylation of Stat3 in breast tumor cells.
Neonatal screening and an intensive management programme for galactosaemia: early evidence of benefits (1988)

A prospective study of children with galactosaemia is being undertaken at the Metabolic Clinic, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane. The purpose of the study is to collect biochemical, clinical, dietary, developmental and speech and language data. This paper describes the operation of the multiprofessional management programme and reports results for two groups of children: those who were diagnosed before the introduction of neonatal screening in 1982 (the prescreening group) and those who were identified by screening. The eight children in the prescreening group have shown intellectual development in the low-average to moderately-handicapped range. Most of them have speech and language difficulties. The screening group, all of whom are still in infancy or early childhood, appears to be developing normally, with the exception of one child who is showing problems with speech and language. The early results provide a basis for cautious optimism that neonatal screening and careful management will result in improved outcomes for children with galactosaemia.
Genomic rearrangements uncovered by genome-wide co-evolution analysis of a major nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecium (2020)

<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> is a gut commensal of the gastro-digestive tract, but also known as nosocomial pathogen among hospitalized patients. Population genetics based on whole-genome sequencing has revealed that <i>E. faecium</i> strains from hospitalized patients form a distinct clade, designated clade A1, and that plasmids are major contributors to the emergence of nosocomial <i>E. faecium</i>. Here we further explored the adaptive evolution of <i>E. faecium</i> using a genome-wide co-evolution study (GWES) to identify co-evolving single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified three genomic regions harbouring large numbers of SNPs in tight linkage that are not proximal to each other based on the completely assembled chromosome of the clade A1 reference hospital isolate AUS0004. Close examination of these regions revealed that they are located at the borders of four different types of large-scale genomic rearrangements, insertion sites of two different genomic islands and an IS<i>30</i>-like transposon. In non-clade A1 isolates, these regions are adjacent to each other and they lack the insertions of the genomic islands and IS<i>30</i>-like transposon. Additionally, among the clade A1 isolates there is one group of pet isolates lacking the genomic rearrangement and insertion of the genomic islands, suggesting a distinct evolutionary trajectory. <i>In silico</i> analysis of the biological functions of the genes encoded in three regions revealed a common link to a stress response. This suggests that these rearrangements may reflect adaptation to the stringent conditions in the hospital environment, such as antibiotics and detergents, to which bacteria are exposed. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study using GWES to identify genomic rearrangements, suggesting that there is considerable untapped potential to unravel hidden evolutionary signals from population genomic data.
Neural Task Graphs: Generalizing to Unseen Tasks from a Single Video Demonstration (2018)

Our goal is to generate a policy to complete an unseen task given just a single video demonstration of the task in a given domain. We hypothesize that to successfully generalize to unseen complex tasks from a single video demonstration, it is necessary to explicitly incorporate the compositional structure of the tasks into the model. To this end, we propose Neural Task Graph (NTG) Networks, which use conjugate task graph as the intermediate representation to modularize both the video demonstration and the derived policy. We empirically show NTG achieves inter-task generalization on two complex tasks: Block Stacking in BulletPhysics and Object Collection in AI2-THOR. NTG improves data efficiency with visual input as well as achieve strong generalization without the need for dense hierarchical supervision. We further show that similar performance trends hold when applied to real-world data. We show that NTG can effectively predict task structure on the JIGSAWS surgical dataset and generalize to unseen tasks.
High efficiency laser photothermal excitation of microcantilever vibrations in air and liquids (2011)

Photothermal excitation is a promising means of actuating microscale structures. It is gaining increased interest for its capability to excite atomic force microscopy (AFM) microcantilevers with wide frequency bandwidth in liquid environments yielding clean resonance peaks without spurious resonances. These capabilities are particularly relevant for high speed and high resolution, quantitative AFM. However, photothermal efficiency is low, which means a large amount of laser power is required for a given mechanical response. The high laser power may cause local heating effects, or spill over the cantilever and damage sensitive samples. In this work, it is shown that by simply changing from a probe with a rectangular cross-section to one with a trapezoidal cross-section, the photothermal efficiency of an uncoated silicon cantilever can be increased by more than a order of magnitude, and the efficiency of a coated cantilever can be increased by a factor of 2. This effect is demonstrated experimentally and explained theoretically using thermomechanical analysis. Results are shown for both air and water, and for normal bending and torsional oscillations.
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds (1993)

The CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, Third Edition (HODOC III) is The master reference of more than 27,000 organic compounds, thoroughly indexed to locate specific compounds. This new, seven-volume treatise offers your patrons an unprecedented range of current, accurate, and clearly presented data-presenting the most frequently used chemical, physical, and spectral data from the most reliable sources. Researchers in any scientific field, engineers, technicians, chemists, and librarians will turn to HODOC III as an effective, complete source of data.
Notes on the geology of the Kidlaw District, East Lothian (1928)

Kidlaw lies three miles W.S.W. of Gifford and about twenty miles by road from Edinburgh. It is also about two miles distant from Humbie Station on the Gifford Branch Railway.

(1) An Exposure of Volcanic Ash in a quarry at Kidlaw. —About two hundred yards west of Kidlaw Farm there is a road-metal quarry situated in the fork of the roads (Fig. 1).

The rock quarried here is the well-known analcite basalt of Kidlaw type.1 Recently a new road was made into the quarry, and in this operation volcanic ash was cut through before reaching the basalt. At the present time a good section of the ash and its contact with the basalt is to be seen.

The ash, exposed for a distance of a few yards, is brown weathering and rather gritty. In slice, beyond the presence of unusually slaggy basaltic fragments, it calls for no particular comment. It is similar to that shown on the 1-inch Geological Map (Sheet 33), as occurring in the Birn Water, 1½ miles to the west.

The plane of contact of ash and basalt is almost vertical, and the basalt here is rather finer in grain than it ordinarily is in the quarry. It exhibits, too, a marked vertical plating parallel to the plane of contact.

When this area was surveyed by the Geological Survey no ash was visible, and it was considered that the basalt at Kidlaw was a sill. The evidence now brought forward points to this intrusion being most probably a
Stabilising Experience Replay for Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Many real-world problems, such as network packet routing and urban traffic control, are naturally modeled as multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) problems. However, existing multi-agent RL methods typically scale poorly in the problem size. Therefore, a key challenge is to translate the success of deep learning on single-agent RL to the multi-agent setting. A major stumbling block is that independent Q-learning, the most popular multi-agent RL method, introduces nonstationarity that makes it incompatible with the experience replay memory on which deep Q-learning relies. This paper proposes two methods that address this problem: 1) using a multi-agent variant of importance sampling to naturally decay obsolete data and 2) conditioning each agent's value function on a fingerprint that disambiguates the age of the data sampled from the replay memory. Results on a challenging decentralised variant of StarCraft unit micromanagement confirm that these methods enable the successful combination of experience replay with multi-agent RL.
Buoyancy Materials for Offshore Riser Pipe (1976)

ABSTRACT As the search for offshore oil has led drillers into ever-deeper water, the use of buoyant riser systems has been greatly expanded. The most widely used flotation material is the family of plastic composites called syntactic foams. This paper discusses the factors governing the application of syntactic foams to marine riser at depths now approaching' 3, 000 feet, and the potential of such materials for extending drilling capability to 6, 000 feet and beyond. INTRODUCTION The first use of syntactic foam buoyancy modules to support marine riser was by Esso in the Santa Barbara' Channel in 1968. The modules were made by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics, using a material originally developed as a void filler for U. S. Navy submarines. Emerson & Cuming, Inc. was also active in those early days, having begun work on the subject in the '50's, formulating deepsea flotation materials for the Navy, introducing high-performance Glass Microballoon ® Spheres and inventing the l1macrospherel1 type of construction now used in most riser floats. The organization which was to become the Flotation Products Division of Emerson & Cuming, Inc. made its first riser flotation in 1969, and eventually grew to become the world r s leading producer of oilfield and oceanographic buoyancy products. By 1970, many different kinds of syntactic foams were available, some of which were capable of withstanding pressures found in the deepest of the ocean depths. In May, 1974, the drillship Sedco 445 used Emerson & Cuming, Inc's. Ecco£1oat® modules in drilling to what was then a record depth of 2, 150 ft. off the coast of Gabon, Africa. Today,' thousands of syntactic foam modules, providing millions of lbs. of buoyancy, are in service on drill rigs stationed around the world. THE PURPOSE OF BUOYANT RISER The principal objective of all marine riser support systems is to keep the riser string constantly in tension. To allow the long, slim column of pipe to go into compression, even momentarily, is to risk damage to ball joints and connectors and perhaps loss of control of the entire string. On floating rigs, the difficulty of this task is compounded by the fact that the bottom of the riser is attached to a fixed point, the BOP stack, while tension must be applied to the top of the riser from a moving platform. So long as water depth remained relatively shallow, sufficient lift could be provided by hydropneuxnatic tensioners. But when it became necessary to drill in deeper water (600 to 1,000 ft.), conventional tensioning methods were found to be inadequate. Buoyant riser is a proven solution to all of these problems. The lifting force is evenly distributed along the length of the riser, and is independent of the drilling vessel. Buoyancy can be added to any riser, old or new, and no modification is required to the rig.
Effect of electrostatic interaction on the liquid crystal phase transition in solutions of rodlike polyelectrolytes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of electrostatic interaction on the liquid crystal phase transition in solutions of rodlike polyelectrolytesA. Stroobants, H. N. W. Lekkerkerker, and T. OdijkCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 8, 2232–2238Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00162a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00162a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1499Altmetric-Citations304LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SAIB in Coatings (1977)

The physical nature of the acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric and valeric esters of sucrose ranges from crystalline solids to low-viscosity liquids. As coatings modifiers, the crystalline compounds have a tendency to form crystals within the film while the liquid compounds cause the film to soften as a plasticizer would do. In the search for a coatings modifier which would perform as an extender, mixed esters were investigated. It was discovered that the completely esterified mixed acetic and isobutyric ester of sucrose produced some unusual properties alone and also when combined with various film formers. A major aspect of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) is its capability of extending polymers to impart various properties without degrading the physical toughness and hardness of the coating, unlike many other modifiers. The low viscosity of SAIB in most solvents contributes to the attainment of high-solids coatings. These coatings are utilized in interior and exterior applications for wood, paper, plastic, and metal surfaces. This ester is finding use in a wide spectrum of applications other than coatings, including adhesives for laminating plastic film, printing inks, hot-melt coatings, heat reactivated adhesives, transparentized paper, pigment dispersions and soft drinks.
Effect of Micro-Addition Rare Earth and Chrome on Friction and Wear Behavior of Boronized Layer (2005)

Application of powder boronizing to mechanical industry has been restricted because of the brittleness of boronized layer, which inevitably leads to decrease of service life of boronized parts. Therefore, attention should be paid to reducing the brittleness of boronized layer without decreasing its high hardness. In the present paper, a study on the effect of micro-addition rare earth and chrome on friction and wear behavior of boronized layer was carried out using an MM-200 wear test machine. Compared with that of pure single Fe2B phase, the brittleness of the boronized layer containing minim rare earth and chrome elements, obtained by powder RE-chrome-boronizing, is reduced, which results in increasing the bearing capacity and wear resistance of the boronized layer. The friction and wear mechanism is also briefly analyzed.
Cascaded wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a strained semiconductor optical amplifier at 10 Gb/s (1997)

We demonstrate for the first time cascaded wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Bit-error-rate performance of <10/sup -9/ at 10 Gb/s is achieved for two conversions of up to 9 nm down and up in wavelength. For two wavelength conversions of 5 nm down and up, a power penalty of 1.3 dB is measured. A system of two wavelength converters spanning 40 km of single-mode fiber is also demonstrated.
Fast and efficient bandwidth-delay constrained routing algorithm for SDN networks (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new routing algorithm which calculates bandwidth-delay constrained routes in the fast and efficient manner. The algorithm is designed for the software-defined backbone networks, where the control plane is separated from the data plane and logically centralized. Besides providing the required quality of service (QoS), the algorithm aims to maximize utilization of network resources, as that is the major interest of the infrastructure providers. To reduce the computational complexity of this complex traffic engineering task, we consider the control framework which classifies traffic flows in a finite number of categories based on the level of delay sensitivity. The simulation results show that the proposed approach to QoS provisioning, although relatively simple, leads to smaller amount of rejected QoS requests under a wide range of system parameters than the competitive complex solutions.
Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs. (1990)

Four new complementation groups of mutations which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. These mutants were isolated on medium containing urea as the nitrogen source, in contrast to previous studies that had used medium containing proline. All four resistance to amino acid analog (raa) complementation groups appear to confer resistance by reducing amino acid analog and amino acid uptake. In some genetic backgrounds, raa leu2 and raa thr4 double mutants are inviable, even on rich medium. The raa4 mutation may affect multiple amino acid transport systems, since raa4 mutants are unable to use proline as a nitrogen source. raa4 is, however, unlinked to a previously described amino acid analog resistance and proline uptake mutant, aap1, or to the general amino acid permease mutant gap1. Both raa4 and gap1 prevent uptake of [3H]leucine in liquid cultures. The raa1, raa2, and raa3 mutants affect only a subset of the amino acid analogs and amino acids affected by raa4. The phenotypes of raa1, -2, and -3 mutants are readily observed on agar plates but are not seen in uptake and incorporation of amino acids measured in liquid media.