gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint frequency offset and delay profile estimation technique for maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (2002)

TDMA data transmission is used in various radio communication systems. Receivers for TDMA systems require the estimation of some parameters. In the system considered, the delay profile is acquired at the beginning of each burst, while the frequency offset between modulation and demodulation is tracked from burst to burst. A joint frequency offset and delay profile estimation technique for maximum-likelihood sequence estimation is proposed. In this algorithm, the frequency offset is simultaneously estimated during the delay profile estimation using the residual error of the delay profile estimation. Computer simulations have been performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that the allowable frequency offset range of the proposed receiver is over 10 times as large as that of the conventional receiver without frequency offset compensator.
Frequency insensitive phase detector with fast response and very low output ripple (2000)

The new phase detector circuit has fast response and almost no output ripple, approaching to the speed and ripple of the sample-hold (S/H) type detectors, while being insensitive to signal frequency as is the case with a class of "multiply and integrate" circuits. The new detector is based on simple high-pass filtration and S/H processing of the discrete signal generated in the digital part of the circuit. The response of the new phase detector is more than a hundred times faster than the response of the "multiply and integrate" class of detectors exhibiting the same output ripple. With a slight modification, the circuit can be turned into a fast frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) with a ripple-free output.
Production of Nd-Fe-Co-B Magnet Powders Having High Br by Modified HDDR Process. (1999)

It is well established that the hydrogenation-decomposition-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process can produce anisotropic Nd2Fe14B-based magnet powders having high coercivities. In this study, we investigated effects of the intermediate argon (IA) treatment, where alloys are annealed under argon atmosphere after hydrogenation in the HDDR process, on magnetic properties of Nd12.6Febal.Co17.4B6.5Zr0.1Ga0.3 magnet powders. It was found that magnetic anisotropy of magnet powders is improved with IA treatment time. On the other hand, their coercivities are decreased by the IA treatment longer than 10min. The magnetic properties of the magnet powders with diameters of 100-212μm produced through the IA treatment for 10min are as follows: Br=1.38T, HcJ=1000kA/m and (BH)max=334kJ/m3. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that change in microstructures such as rapid growth of α-(Fe, Co) matrix, disappearance of (Fe, Co)2B and formation of a new phase (TE phase) occur in hydrogenated alloys during the IA treatment.
Hochauflösende Mikroskopie mit kleinen organischen Farbstoffen (2009)

Farbberatung: Mithilfe einer einfachen und allgemeinen Methode zum reversiblen Photoschalten kommerziell erhältlicher Alexa-Fluor- und ATTO-Farbstoffe aus dem gesamten sichtbaren Bereich wurde eine optische Auflösung von ungefähr 20 nm erreicht. Das Verfahren eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die hochauflösende Mehrfarbenmikroskopie in fixierten und lebenden Zellen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
η<sup>2</sup>-Coordination and C−H Activation of Electron-Poor Arenes (2002)

The reductive elimination of neopentane from (dtbpm)Pt(Np)H (dtbpm = bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)methane, Np = neopentyl) results in the formation of the highly reactive intermediate [(dtbpm)Pt0]. This species reacts with a variety of electron-deficient benzenes (1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene) and biphenyls (3,5,4‘-tris(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl and 3,5,3‘,5‘-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl) to form η2-arene complexes. X-ray crystallography confirms the η2-bonding motif. The arene complexes all display broad 1H NMR spectroscopic features at room temperature that sharpen considerably at lower temperatures. Thermolysis or photolysis of the arene complexes results in C−H activation and the formation of platinum(II) aryl hydride complexes. The products observed depend on whether the reaction is thermal or photolytic. Reaction with 4,4‘-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl yields two C−H activated products directly. Oxidative addition occurs at the 2 and 3 positions of the biphenyl in a 5:1 ratio, respectively. Continued heating of the mixture results in a second C−H activation to form a platinacyclopentane.
Transient and Inducible Expression of Vaccinia/T7 Recombinant Viruses (2004)

Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to develop molecular cloning vectors that allow the expression of heterologous genes in a variety of animal viruses. This chapter discusses the use of vaccinia virus encoding bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase as an expression vector system. A chosen gene is inserted into a plasmid vector designed to express genes under the control of the T7 promoter. Transient expression can then be achieved either by transfecting this plasmid into cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 RNA polymerase, vTF7-3 or by crossing this plasmid into the vaccinia virus genome and coinfecting cells with both viruses. Moreover, placement of lacO downstream of the vaccinia virus P11 late promoter regulating T7 RNA polymerase expression, and integration of lacI under vaccinia promoter control into the viral genome, vT7lacOI, yielded a recombinant virus capable of IPTG-inducible T7 promoter-controlled expression of foreign genes.
Abundance and Phylogenetic Affiliation of Iron Reducers in Activated Sludge as Assessed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Microautoradiography (2002)

Microautoradiography (MAR) was used to enumerate acetate-consuming bacteria under Fe(III)-reducing conditions in activated sludge. This population is believed to consist of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, because the applied incubation conditions and the use of specific inhibitors excluded consumption of radiolabeled acetate by other physiological groups such as sulfate reducers. By use of this approach, dissimilatory iron reducers were found in a concentration of 1.1 x 10(8) cells per ml, corresponding to approximately 3% of the total cell count as determined by DAPI (4',6'-diamino-2-phenylindoledihydrochloride-dilactate) staining. The MAR enumeration method was compared to the traditional most-probable-number (MPN) method (FeOOH-MPN) and a modified MPN method, which contains Ferrozine directly within the MPN dilutions to determine the production of small amounts of ferrous iron (Ferrozine-MPN). The Ferrozine-MPN method yielded values 6 to 10 times higher than those obtained by the FeOOH-MPN method. Nevertheless, the MAR approach yielded counts that were 100 to 1,000 times higher than those obtained by the Ferrozine-MPN method. Specific in situ Fe(III) reduction rates per cell (enumerated by the MAR method) were calculated and found to be comparable to the respective rates for pure cultures of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, suggesting that the new MAR method is most reliable. A combination of MAR and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for phylogenetic characterization of the putative iron-reducing bacteria. All activated-sludge cells able to consume acetate under iron-reducing conditions were targeted by the bacterial oligonucleotide probe EUB338. Around 20% were identified as gamma Proteobacteria, and 10% were assigned to the delta subclass of Proteobacteria.
Surface intercalation of gold underneath a graphite monolayer on Ni(111) studied by angle-resolved photoemission and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (2000)

Quasi-two-dimensional intercalationlike systems, synthesized by surface intercalation of gold atoms underneath a monolayer of graphite formed on Ni(111), have been investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Modifications of both electronic structure and vibrational properties due to the presence of the intercalated Au monolayer between the graphite monolayer and Ni(111) are reported. The surface intercalation of the gold atoms underneath the graphite monolayer leads to a ``stiffening'' of the graphite-derived phonon modes and to an energetic shift of the graphite-derived \ensuremath{\pi}, \ensuremath{\sigma} electronic states in the valence band toward lower binding energies. The observed changes of the PE and HREEL spectra are explained by the saturation of the active $\mathrm{Ni}(d)$ bonds by the intercalated gold atoms and by the weakening of the interaction between graphite monolayer and substrate, due to the blockage of the graphite $\mathrm{C}(\ensuremath{\pi})\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ni}(d)$ hybrid bonds.
Optical computing using optical flip-flops in Fourier processors: use in matrix multiplication and discrete linear transforms (1989)

An architecture and the algorithms for matrix multiplication using optical flip-flops (OFFs) in optical processors are proposed based on residue arithmetic. The proposed system is capable of processing all elements of matrices in parallel utilizing the information retrieving ability of optical Fourier processors. The employment of OFFs enables bidirectional data flow leading to a simpler architecture and the burden of residue-to-decimal (or residue-to-binary) conversion to operation time can be largely reduced by processing all elements in parallel. The calculated characteristics of operation time suggest a promising use of the system in a real time 2-D linear transform.
When Energy Trading Meets Blockchain in Electrical Power System: The State of the Art (2019)

With the rapid growth of renewable energy resources, energy trading has been shifting from the centralized manner to distributed manner. Blockchain, as a distributed public ledger technology, has been widely adopted in the design of new energy trading schemes. However, there are many challenging issues in blockchain-based energy trading, e.g., low efficiency, high transaction cost, and security and privacy issues. To tackle these challenges, many solutions have been proposed. In this survey, the blockchain-based energy trading in the electrical power system is thoroughly investigated. Firstly, the challenges in blockchain-based energy trading are identified and summarized. Then, the existing energy trading schemes are studied and classified into three categories based on their main focuses: energy transaction, consensus mechanism, and system optimization. Blockchain-based energy trading has been a popular research topic, new blockchain architectures, models and products are continually emerging to overcome the limitations of existing solutions, forming a virtuous circle. The internal combination of different blockchain types and the combination of blockchain with other technologies improve the blockchain-based energy trading system to better satisfy the practical requirements of modern power systems. However, there are still some problems to be solved, for example, the lack of regulatory system, environmental challenges and so on. In the future, we will strive for a better optimized structure and establish a comprehensive security assessment model for blockchain-based energy trading system.
Bursting pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> laser‐welded rabbit lleum (1986)

In this study, the short-term bond strength of laser-welded New Zealand white rabbit ileum was examined. Forty-eight longitudinally oriented 0.5-cm transmural, scalpel incisions were reanastomosed solely through the use of the CO2 continuous wave laser at low energy levels. Random power levels of 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 mW were delivered to weld sites by either continuous application for 30 seconds or a pulsating application (ie, 0.5 seconds on, 0.5 seconds off) for 60 seconds. This provided 53.6, 107.1, 160.7, and 214.3 J/cm2, respectively. With the aid of a plexiglass clamp and pressure monitored infusion system, each type of weld was tested six times to determine the intraluminal hydrostatic pressure required to burst the welded seam 1 minute after completing the weld. For the welds made with 107.1, 160.7, and 214.3 J/cm2 in both lasing modes, the mean bursting pressure was 40.7 mmHg (SD +/- 24.9) with no statistically significant difference in weld strengths at these energy densities. There was also no difference between continuous and pulsating delivery methods. However, the energy density of 53.6 J/cm2 in either method produced a mean bursting pressure significantly lower than those produced by the higher energy densities tested and below the estimated basal ileal intraluminal pressure of approximately 9 mmHg. Since 107.1 J/cm2 energy density caused the minimal gross tissue changes while producing an equally strong bond and since continuous is faster than pulsating, 500 mW of continuous delivery was considered the optimal setting for the CO2 laser welding of rabbit ileum.
Novel bifunctional catalysts based on crystalline multi-oxide matrices containing iron ions for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to liquid fuels and chemicals (2016)

Seven solid mono-, bi- and tri-metallic oxide matrices where Fe(2+,3+) ions are distributed in different chemical/spatial environments were synthesized and characterized by XRD, N<sub>2</sub>-adsorption and EDAX methods. After basification with potassium, all matrices were activated by carburization or reduction–carburization under conditions selected based on the TPC/TPR spectra, tailoring the carburization extent of iron. The performances of the activated Fe-based catalysts with respect to CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity were measured in a fixed-bed reactor under standard conditions in transient and continuous operation modes in units containing one or three reactors in series with water separations between the reactors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N<sub>2</sub>-adsorption, HRTEM-EELS and XPS before and after steady-state operation in the reactors. It was found that the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> conversion is not limited by thermodynamic equilibrium but is strongly restricted by water inhibition and it depends on the nature of the Fe-oxide precursor. The ratio between the FTS and RWGS rates, which determines the C<sub>5+</sub> hydrocarbons productivity, is strongly affected by the nature of the Fe-oxide matrix. The catalysts derived from the Fe–Al–O spinel and Fe–Ba–hexaaluminate precursors displayed the best balance of the two functions <italic>R</italic><sub>FTS</sub>/<italic>R</italic><sub>RWGS</sub> = 0.77–0.78. They were followed by magnetite, CuFe–delafossite, K–ferrite, Fe–La–hexaaluminate and LaFe–perovskite with a gradual lowering of <italic>R</italic><sub>FTS</sub>/<italic>R</italic><sub>RWGS</sub> from 0.60 to 0.15 and a gradual decrease in the C<sub>5+</sub> productivity. The active sites that enhance the RWGS reaction are located on the surface of the Fe-oxide phases, while the FTS and methanation reactions occur on the surface of the Fe-carbide phases.
Problems Concerning the Production of Cathode-Ray Tube Screens* (1937)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. W. Leverenz, "Problems Concerning the Production of Cathode-Ray Tube Screens*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 27, 25-35 (1937) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Pericapillary Haem-Rich Deposits: Evidence for Microhaemorrhages in Aging Human Cerebral Cortex (2005)

In this post mortem study, we examined haem-rich deposits (HRDs) in patients with and without dementia, using a histochemical label (Prussian blue) to show haem, autofluorescence to detect red blood cells (RBCs), and immunohistochemistry for clotting-related factors and collagen IV. The patients studied had no clinical or post mortem evidence of macrovascular stroke. To allow examination of the spatial relationships between HRDs and the microvasculature, we cut 45-microm sections. Haem-rich deposits were small (<200 microm diameter). They were rare in younger (<50 years) patients but were more common in older (>70 years) patients, particularly in cerebral cortex, and were most abundant in cases with senile plaques. Wherever HRDs appeared they were perivascular and appeared to form around capillaries or small arterioles. Using a software package (Proxan) developed to outline vessels and HRDs, and to analyse the distances between them, a tight spatial correlation between HRDs and capillaries was shown. In addition, HRDs were rich in von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, collagen IV and RBCs. These observations suggest that HRDs are the residua of capillary bleeds (microhaemorrhages), and that microhaemorrhages are a common feature of the aging cerebral cortex, particularly where plaque pathology is present.
Overexpression of Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin-3 Prevents Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2006)

Overexpression of Prx-3 inhibited LV remodeling and failure after MI. Therapies designed to interfere with mitochondrial oxidative stress including the antioxidant Prx-3 might be beneficial in preventing cardiac failure.
Application of Density Functional Theory and Vibrational Spectroscopy Toward the Rational Design of Ionic Liquids (2006)

Density functional theory methods in combination with vibrational spectroscopy are used to investigate possible variants of molecular structure of the ion pairs of several imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). Multiple stable structures are determined with the anion positioned (a) near to the C2 atom of the imidazolium ring, (b) between N1 and C5, (c) between N3 and C4, and (d) between C4 and C5. Chloride and bromide anions in vacuum also occupy positions above or below the imidazolium ring, but in the condensed state these positions are destabilized. In comparison with the halides that almost equally occupy the positions (a-d), tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate anions strongly prefer position (a). The position and the type of the anion influence the conformation of the side chains bound to the imidazolium N1 atom, which are able to adopt in vacuum all usual staggered or eclipsed conformations, although in the liquid state some of the conformations are present only as minor forms if at all. Vibrations of the cations depend both on the conformational changes and on the association with the anion. The formation of the ion pairs influences mainly stretching and out-of-plane vibrations of the imidazolium C-H groups and stretching vibrations of the perfluoroanions. Other modes of the ions retain their individuality and practically do not mix. This allows "interionic" vibrations to be separated and to regard the couple of the ions as an anharmonic oscillator. Such a model correlates the molecular structure of various ILs and their melting points without involving the energy of the interaction between the cations and anions but explains structure-melting point correlations on the grounds of quasy-elastic properties.
Deviation and Restoration of Mundaneness and Mythological Nature in Chinese Cinema—Evolution of Chinese Directors of Different Generations over the Past Forty Years after the Reform and Opening-up Policy (2018)

Film is mundane both as an art form and as a myth. It is even considered a mundane art with a mythological nature; however, its mundaneness overshadows the mythological aspect. Over forty years after the reform and opening-up policy, the film industry in China has gone through a series of changes from obedience to reflection, inheritance to criticism, as well as rebellion to restoration. In the cycle of cultural representations from gradual recovery to restoration and transformation, and to international fame and diversification, directors of different generations (i.e., the Third, the Fourth, the Fifth, the New) have been hovering in confusion between mundane life and mythology. They have been moving back and forth from explaining and glorifying mythologies to weakening and challenging them, thus they have been marked with different shades and colors by the transitional age in their repetitive explorations and attempts. The latest generation of directors in mainland China, i.e., the aggressive generation, have ultimately returned to the reality of the coexistence of the mundane and mythical natures, and are trying to break through boundaries and combine various genres. The aggressive generation is likely to indicate the right direction and the inevitable course of future film creation in mainland China.
Improved Synthesis of a Cyclic Glutamine Analogue Used in Antiviral Agents Targeting 3C and 3CL Proteases Including SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> (2021)

An intermediate in the synthesis of numerous antiviral protease inhibitors is the glutamine analogue, (3<i>S</i>)-pyrrolid-2-one-3-yl-l-alanine. Preparations of compounds based on this pharmacophore are hindered by the lack of a reliably high yielding synthesis of protected forms of this amino acid. We describe an improved scalable route with readily available reagents and facile purification. This methodology employs γ-allylation of dimethyl <i>N</i>-BocGlu, further Boc N-protection, OsO<sub>4</sub>-periodate oxidation, O-Me oxime formation, and RaNi-catalyzed hydrogenolysis with concomitant cyclization under basic conditions.
Effective treatment of diverse medulloblastoma models with mebendazole and its impact on tumor angiogenesis (2014)

Our findings support testing of MBZ as a possible low-toxicity therapy for medulloblastomas of various molecular subtypes, including tumors with acquired vismodegib resistance. Its antitumor mechanism may be partially explained by inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
On-chip 100GHz full-duplex circulator/duplexer design based on nonreciprocal transmission line (2018)

CMOS circulators/duplexers based on nonreciprocal transmission line (TL) are proposed for full-duplex transceiver front ends operating at 100 GHz band. Offering nonreciprocal propagation at millimeter wave regime, the presented nonreciprocal TL is made of two parametric mixing stages modulated by signals at around 1/6 of the RF frequencies. Operating together with integrated hybrid couplers, circulators or duplexers can be implemented for full-duplex communication. Realized in CMOS process, this nonreciprocal TL achieves over 45 dB isolation throughout its isolation bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, a maximum 9.5 dB insertion loss (IL) and an over 10 dB return loss.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> force calibration of high force constant atomic force microscope cantilevers (1994)

A miniature capacitive force sensor which fits in the sample position of an atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to calibrate the force applied by the scanning tip during nanohardness measurements. The sensor is simple, physically robust, and easily fabricated from readily available materials. It can be operated with commonly available electronic instrumentation. The device described here is optimized for tip-sample forces between 10−4 and 10−2 N, a range useful for micrometer-scale mechanical modification of surfaces. With minor design changes, sensors of this general type should be capable of much greater sensitivity. The sensor is calibrated outside the AFM by the application of free weights. Calculated estimates of AFM cantilever force constants are difficult for all but the simplest geometries and may rely on uncertain values for certain critical dimensions and material properties. These estimates can thereby be replaced by a simple and direct measurement.