gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AB02. UroLift: a new surgical treatment for BPH without sexual side effect (2014)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic and often progressive condition. It affects nearly three in four men by the seventh decade of life. Clinically, BPH is distinguished by progressive development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) even though not all patients with BPH develop LUTS. Retropubic simple prostatectomy was first described in 1945 and soon became the popular surgical management of BPH. Open prostatectomy was gradually replaced by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as the standard surgical treatment of BPH. With the introduction of medical therapy in the 1980s, the standard treatment for patients with LUTS secondary to BPH shifted to pharmacotherapy with α-blockers and/or 5α-reductase inhibitors. This paradigm shift to pharmacological therapy led to a dramatic decrease in hospitalization for TURP throughout the 1990s. After more than 10 years of decrease in total BPH procedure rates, the trend was reversed after 2002 due to the marked increase in Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques (MISTs) including transurethral microwave therapy, transurethral needle or ethanol ablation, high intensity frequency ultrasound, and laser resection/ablation as well as transurethral saline plasma vaporization. Unfortunately, all MISTs are associated with various degrees of sexual side effects, mainly ejaculatory dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. The UroLift System is newly approved technology by the FDA for BPH. This versatile implant self-sizes in the prostate and mechanically opens the prostatic urethra without causing any sexual side effects. This presentation will introduce this novel technology for the treatment of BPH.
High‐rate, low‐temperature deposition of multifunctional nano‐crystalline silicon nitride films (2010)

Abstract The solid phase compositions and dielectric properties of silicon nitride (SiNx) films prepared using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique at a low temperature (200°C) were studied. Controlling the source gas mixing ratio, R = [N2]/[SiH4], and the plasma power successfully produced both silicon‐rich and nitrogen‐rich compositions in the final films. The composition parameter, X, varied from 0.83 to 1.62. Depending on the film composition, the dielectric properties of the SiNx films also varied substantially. Silicon‐rich silicon nitride (SRSN) films were obtained at a low plasma power and a low R. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these films revealed the existence of nano‐sized silicon particles even in the absence of a post‐annealing process. Nitrogen‐rich silicon nitride (NRSN) films were obtained at a high plasma power and a high R. These films showed a fairly high dielectric constant (κ = 7.1) and a suppressed hysteresis window in their capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) characteristics.
Integrated Microfluidic Photonic Sensors (2007)

Fluid-filled on-chip polymer lenses incorporated into a microfluidic flow cytometer are used to localize excitation and allow for multi-parameter measurements. These improvements lower signal variation while maintaining throughput in a low-powered, disposable polymer chip device.
Studies on arylfuran derivatives-Part VI. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of some 6-(5-aryl-2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 6-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. (1996)

A series of 4-[5-aryl-2-furfurylidene]amino-3-mercapto-5-substituted-1,2,4-tri azoles and 4-[5-Nitro-2-furfurylidene]amino-3-mercapto-5-substituted-1,2,4-tr iazoles have been synthesized and were converted into 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. These triazolothiadiazoles are also synthesized by an alternative method in better yields employing arylfuroic acids and s-triazoles in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The newly synthesized compounds are screened for their antibacterial properties.
Edge-functionalized and substitutionally doped graphene nanoribbons: Electronic and spin properties (2008)

Graphene nanoribbons are the counterpart of carbon nanotubes in graphene-based nanoelectronics. We investigate the electronic properties of chemically modified ribbons by means of density functional theory. We observe that chemical modifications of zigzag ribbons can break the spin degeneracy. This promotes the onset of a semiconducting-metal transition, or of a half-semiconducting state, with the two spin channels having a different band gap, or of a spin-polarized half-semiconducting state, where the spins in the valence and conduction bands are oppositely polarized. Edge functionalization of armchair ribbons gives electronic states a few eV away from the Fermi level and does not significantly affect their band gap. N and B produce different effects, depending on the position of the substitutional site. In particular, edge substitutions at low density do not significantly alter the band gap, while bulk substitution promotes the onset of semiconducting-metal transitions. Pyridinelike defects induce a semiconducting-metal transition.
Rapid Bulk Fractionation of Maltenes into Saturates, Aromatics, and Resins by Flash Chromatography (1999)

Flash chromatography was used to fractionate the maltenic portion of bitumen. The method uses a dry chromatographic support rather than a chromatographic gel. The development of the method is described along with the effect of a number of parameters on the purity of the fractions, namely, the effect of bitumen concentration, settling time in n-heptane, filter size, support type, and mesh size. The method was used to fractionate the maltenes within 45 min to provide milligram to gram quantities of saturates, aromatics, and resins with greater than 83% purity, as determined by Iatroscan. The accessibility of such quantities of relatively pure bitumen fractions will allow for easier study of their composition and characteristics.
Cross-linking of proteins by aldotriose: reaction of the carbonyl function of the keto amines generated in situ with amino groups (1988)

Nonreductive modification of proteins with glyceraldehyde forming 2-oxo-3-hydroxypropylated protein is mechanistically analogous to nonenzymic glycation reactions. The latent cross-linking potential of glyceraldehyde as a consequence of the reactivity of the carbonyl function of 2-oxo-3-hydroxypropyl groups of nonreductively modified protein has been now investigated. Reaction of RNase A (0.5 mM) with glyceraldehyde (20 mM) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for 4 h resulted in the intermolecular cross-linking of the protein, with the concomitant development of a yellow chromophore with two new absorption bands having maxima around 305 and 375 nm. The product exhibited a fluorescence that had excitation and emission maxima around 365 and 450 nm, respectively. The presence of NaCNBH3 during the reaction, which selectively reduces the Schiff base adducts of aldotriose to form 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups on proteins, inhibited both the cross-linking reaction and the development of the absorption and fluorescence characteristics. The hydroxymethyl group of the aldotriose is not an essential moiety since the cross-linking potential of glyceraldehyde is comparable to that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The formation of cross-links appears to involve the carbonyl function of the keto amines resulting in the formation of Schiff base adducts (ketimine linkages) as the initial event. Consistent with this, incubation of 2-oxo-3-hydroxypropylated RNAse A with [14C]glycine ethyl ester resulted in the incorporation of the reagent into the protein. The cross-linking reaction was inhibited when the reaction of RNase A with glyceraldehyde was carried out in the presence of amino compounds, such as glycine ethyl ester, ethanolamine, glucosamine, and aminoguanidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel 2,4-Diarylaminopyrimidine Analogues (DAAPalogues) Showing Potent c-Met/ALK Multikinase Inhibitory Activities (2014)

By repurposing a typical dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonist motif, C1-substituted-N3-benzazepine or benzazecine, into the classical RTK inhibitor 2,4-diaminopyrimidine skeleton, a series of new 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues (DAAPalogues) were developed. Compounds 7 and 8a were identified possessing high potency against both c-Met and ALK kinases. Compound 8a displayed appreciable antitumor efficacy at the dose of 1 mg/kg in the ALK-driven BF3/EML4-ALK xenograft mice model.
Usage of grammarly – Online grammar and spelling checker tool at the health sciences Library, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal: A study (2019)

Accurate use of grammar and writing is an essential aspect of any writing. Today various online grammar spelling checker tools are available for improving writing quality. The popularity of these platforms is increasing among researchers and academicians every day. Aim of the present study is to know the opinion, use and satisfaction level among the users of Grammarly - online grammar and spelling checker tool subscribed by the Health Science Library, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. Structured questionnaires were distributed among the registered users of Grammarly tool at the Health Sciences Library. The study observed that almost all the users were aware that the Health Science Library is subscribing to Grammarly tool. More than half of the users used this tool because of the limitation of Microsoft word as found in the study. It is also found from the study that the majority of the respondents who participated in the study were using Grammarly for Microsoft Office. The study also observed that users are using Grammarly tool for different purposes like writing research papers, dissertations, theses, books, reports, and course papers. From the present study, it is also observed that most important advantages of Grammarly are - it improves the writing skills, catches contextual spelling and grammar mistakes, integrates with Microsoft Office, shows definitions and synonyms via double-clicks. Grammarly is one of the tools subscribed by the Health Sciences Library to boost up academic writing, research, and publication of students, faculty members, and research scholars of MAHE, Manipal.
HyperCrypt: Hypervisor-Based Encryption of Kernel and User Space (2016)

We present HyperCrypt, a hypervisor-based solution that encrypts the entire kernel and user space to protect against physical attacks on main memory, such as cold boot attacks. HyperCrypt is fully transparent for the guest operating system and all applications running on top of it. At any time, only a small working set of memory pages remains in clear while the vast majority of pages are constantly kept encrypted. By utilizing CPU-bound encryption, the symmetric encryption key is never exposed to RAM. We evaluated our prototype running a standard Linux system with an nginx web sever. With the default configuration of 1024 cleartext pages, successful cold boot attacks are rendered highly unlikely due to large caches of at least 4 MB in modern CPUs. The performance overhead of nginx is raised by factor 1.37 compared to a non-virtualized system.
Group leaders' meeting, October 18, 1954 (1952)

Present: Jay W. Forrester, D. R. Brown, S. H. Dodd, R. R. Everett, J. C. Proctor, N. H. Taylor, C. R. Wieser, and P. Youtz
Hollow waveguide integrated optic systems with integrated laser sources for 10.6 micron laser radar (2000)

Summary form only given. In earlier work we have demonstrated a novel integrated optic approach to 10.6 micron coherent laser radar systems. The approach is based on locating all the required system components in alignment slots in a dielectric substrate. Laser radiation is guided between the components in hollow waveguides formed in the surface of the substrate. The hollow waveguides exhibit low loss as a consequence of anomalous dispersion phenomena. These are brought into play by appropriate choice of the substrate material. The waveguides are created in the surface of the substrate using computer controlled machining techniques. The approach leads to waveguide subsystems which have high power transmission, are very rugged and compact and have good coherent detection efficiencies.
Scanning tunneling microscope with reliable coarse positioners (1989)

An inchworm system with a new type of clamping mechanism has been made for a coarse positioner in a scanning tunneling microscope. The clamping mechanism operates by means of springs and piezoelectric actuators. This system can move a probe tip transversely and longitudinally in the horizontal plane, and the sample vertically, in steps, with a range of 8 mm in each direction.
Machine Learning: Basic Principles (2018)

This tutorial introduces some main concepts of machine learning (ML). From an engineering point of view, the field of ML revolves around developing software that implements the scientific principle: (i) formulate a hypothesis (choose a model) about some phenomenon, (ii) collect data to test the hypothesis (validate the model) and (iii) refine the hypothesis (iterate). One important class of algorithms based on this principle are gradient descent methods which aim at iteratively refining a model which is parametrized by some (weight) vector. A plethora of ML methods is obtained by combining different choices for the hypothesis space (model), the quality measure (loss) and the computational implementation of the model refinement (optimization method). %Many of the current systems, which are considered as (artificially) intelligent, are based on %combinations of few basic machine learning methods. After formalizing the main building blocks of an ML problem, some popular algorithmic design patterns for ML methods are discussed. This tutorial grew out of the lecture notes developed for the courses Machine Learning: Basic Principles and Artificial Intelligence, which I have co-taught since 2015 at Aalto University.
Application of the controlled active vision framework to robotic and transportation problems (2002)

Flexible operation of a robotic agent in an uncalibrated environment requires the ability to recover unknown or partially known parameters of the workspace through sensing. Of the sensors available to a robotic agent, visual sensors provide information that is richer and more complete than other sensors. In this paper we present robust techniques for the derivation of depth from feature points on a target's surface and for the accurate and high-speed tracking of moving targets. We use these techniques in a system that operates with little or no a priori knowledge of the object-related parameters present in the environment. The system is designed under the controlled active vision framework and robustly determines parameters such as velocity for tracking moving objects and depth maps of objects with unknown depths and surface structure. Such determination of intrinsic environmental parameters is essential for performing higher level tasks such as inspection, exploration, tracking grasping, and collision-free motion planning. For both applications, we use the Minnesota Robotic Visual Tracker (a single visual sensor mounted on the end-effector of a robotic manipulator combined with a real-time vision system) to automatically select feature points on surfaces, to derive an estimate of the environmental parameter in question, and to apply a control vector based upon these estimates to guide the manipulator. The paper concludes with applications of these techniques to transportation problems such as vehicle tracking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-MATE: a flexible system for mapping short read data (2011)

Executables, source code, junction libraries, test data and results and the user manual are available from http://grimmond.imb.uq.edu.au/X-MATE/.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract <i>Sceletium tortuosum</i> (Zembrin) in Healthy Adults (2013)

Both doses of extract Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin) (8 mg and 25 mg) were well tolerated when used by healthy human subjects once daily for 3 months.
Neuroactive Antiretroviral Drugs Do Not Influence Neurocognitive Performance in Less Advanced HIV-Infected Patients Responding to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2006)

Our study indicates that the use of stable HAART, including multiple drugs that have good CSF penetration, was not associated with neuropsychologic performance. To prevent independent replication of HIV in CSF with better control of a relevant reservoir of HIV is one of the crucial aims of therapeutic strategy.
The flavonoid luteolin prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced NF‐κB signalling and gene expression by blocking IκB kinase activity in intestinal epithelial cells and bone‐marrow derived dendritic cells (2005)

The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcriptional system is a major effector pathway involved in inflammation and innate immune responses. The flavonoid luteolin is found in various herbal extracts and has shown anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism of action and impact of luteolin on innate immunity is still unknown. We report that luteolin significantly blocks lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IkappaB phosphorylation/degradation, NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene expression in rat IEC-18 cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that LPS-induced RelA recruitment to the ICAM-1 gene promoter is significantly reduced in luteolin-treated cells. Moreover, in vitro kinase assays show that luteolin directly inhibits LPS-induced IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity in IEC-18 cells. Using bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) isolated from interleukin (IL)-10(-/-) mice or from recently engineered transgenic mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-kappaB cis-elements (cis-NF-kappaB(EGFP)), we found that luteolin blocks LPS-induced IkappaB phosphorylation and IKK activity, and decreases EGFP, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of luteolin significantly inhibited LPS-induced EGFP expression in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes isolated from cis-NF-kappaB(EGFP) mice. These results indicate that luteolin blocks LPS-induced NF-kappaB signalling and proinflammatory gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Modulation of innate immunity by natural plant products may represent an attractive strategy to prevent intestinal inflammation associated with dysregulated innate immune responses.
THE MECHANISM OF BIOTIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES (1989)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Helical Resonators for Measuring Dielectric Properties of Materials (1981)

A theoretical and practical investigation is given of superconducting helical resonators with quality factors greater than 10/sup 8/ which allow the determination of dielectric loss tangents in the frequency range of 0.1 to 5 GHz and below 15 K with high accuracy. The underlying measurement theory is an extension of perturbation theory. They are evaluated for the fields in a shielded multiple quarter-wave helical resonator with a cylindrical dielectric specimen inside the helix. Measurement results on optimized resonators made from superconducting Nb and Nb/sub 3/Sn are reported as well as further applications.
A protein shuttle system to target RNA into mitochondria (2011)

Mitochondria play a key role in essential cellular functions. A deeper understanding of mitochondrial molecular processes is hampered by the difficulty of incorporating foreign nucleic acids into organelles. Mitochondria of most eukaryotic species import cytosolic tRNAs. Based on this natural process, we describe here a powerful shuttle system to internalize several types of RNAs into isolated mitochondria. We demonstrate that this tool is useful to investigate tRNA processing or mRNA editing in plant mitochondria. Furthermore, we show that the same strategy can be used to address both tRNA and mRNA to isolated mammalian mitochondria. We anticipate our novel approach to be the starting point for various studies on mitochondrial processes. Finally, our study provides new insights into the mechanism of RNA import into mitochondria.
Weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diodes with improved light out-coupling (2008)

We propose and demonstrate weak-microcavity organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays with improved light-extraction and viewing-angle characteristics. A single pair of low- and high-index layers is inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) and a glass substrate. The electroluminescent (EL) efficiencies of discrete red, green, and blue weak-microcavity OLEDs are enhanced by 56%, 107%, and 26%, respectively, with improved color purity. Moreover, full-color passive-matrix bottom-emitting OLED displays are fabricated by employing low-index layers of two thicknesses. As a display, the EL efficiency of white color was 27% higher than that of a conventional OLED display.
Proteome Sampling by the HLA Class I Antigen Processing Pathway (2012)

The peptide repertoire that is presented by the set of HLA class I molecules of an individual is formed by the different players of the antigen processing pathway and the stringent binding environment of the HLA class I molecules. Peptide elution studies have shown that only a subset of the human proteome is sampled by the antigen processing machinery and represented on the cell surface. In our study, we quantified the role of each factor relevant in shaping the HLA class I peptide repertoire by combining peptide elution data, in silico predictions of antigen processing and presentation, and data on gene expression and protein abundance. Our results indicate that gene expression level, protein abundance, and rate of potential binding peptides per protein have a clear impact on sampling probability. Furthermore, once a protein is available for the antigen processing machinery in sufficient amounts, C-terminal processing efficiency and binding affinity to the HLA class I molecule determine the identity of the presented peptides. Having studied the impact of each of these factors separately, we subsequently combined all factors in a logistic regression model in order to quantify their relative impact. This model demonstrated the superiority of protein abundance over gene expression level in predicting sampling probability. Being able to discriminate between sampled and non-sampled proteins to a significant degree, our approach can potentially be used to predict the sampling probability of self proteins and of pathogen-derived proteins, which is of importance for the identification of autoimmune antigens and vaccination targets.
Comparison of a finite-element multigroup discrete-ordinates code with Monte Carlo for radiotherapy calculations (2006)

Radiotherapy calculations often involve complex geometries such as interfaces between materials of vastly differing atomic number, such as lung, bone and/or air interfaces. Monte Carlo methods have been used to calculate accurately the perturbation effects of the interfaces. However, these methods can be computationally expensive for routine clinical calculations. An alternative approach is to solve the Boltzmann equation deterministically. We present one such deterministic code, Attila. Further, we computed a brachytherapy example and an external beam benchmark to compare the results with data previously calculated by MCNPX and EGS4. Our data suggest that the presented deterministic code is as accurate as EGS4 and MCNPX for the transport geometries examined in this study.