gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Watching the brain work: looking at the network connections. (2002)

A cursory glance at the article High-Resolution Line Scan Diffusion Tensor Imaging of White Matter Fiber Tract Anatomy by Mamata and colleagues (page 67) may initially appear to the reader as a primarily technical investigation extolling the virtues of yet another MR technique tailored for academic
Fibrin sealant: clinical use and the development of the University of Virginia Tissue Adhesive Center. (2001)

The utilization of fibrin sealants to augment hemostasis, seal tissues, and facilitate targeted delivery of drugs is increasing. In 1985, a hospital-based program was established to provide autologous and allogeneic cryoprecipitate that serves as a fibrin sealant when combined with bovine thrombin. To date, more than 4,000 patients have been treated with this product at our institution, with an efficacy rate greater than 90%. Collaboration among surgical services and the blood bank fostered multispecialty expertise with this product that led, in 1997, to the establishment of the University of Virginia Tissue Adhesive Center. The Tissue Adhesive Center is a multidisciplinary center whose physician director and nursing and administrative support staff facilitate basic research, laboratory investigation, and preclinical and clinical trials with collaborators throughout the university. The Tissue Adhesive Center also provides educational programs and clinical consultation, and tracks and participates in peer review of sealant use. The licensure of a commercially produced, virally inactivated, pooled-plasma fibrin sealant in May 1998 provided an alternative source of adhesive. Utilization of the commercial product surpassed use of the blood bank product in April 1999. At present, use of the commercial product is approximately 3 times that of the blood bank-produced sealant. This report reviews the clinical uses of fibrin sealant, its regulatory history, the production of fibrin sealants, the evolution of a blood bank fibrin sealant program, the development of the Tissue Adhesive Center, and the utilization of commercial and blood bank-produced sealant at our university hospital.
DNA-Templated Covalent Coupling of G4 PAMAM Dendrimers (2010)

Generation-4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were surface-functionalized with azides or alkynes and conjugated to one DNA strand. DNA-controlled self-assembly of alternating azide and alkyne dendrimers on a DNA template enabled the coupling of the dendrimers by the azide-alkyne "click" reaction to form covalently coupled dimers, trimers, and tetramers. Polymerization of the DNA-dendrimer conjugates was also demonstrated, as well as assembly in a circular structure on DNA origami and imaging by atomic force microscopy.
Taurine modulates catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and ethanol elimination rates in rat brain (2001)

Chronic administration of either the sulphonated amino acid taurine (0.32 or 0.62 g/kg for 2 weeks) or the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino, 1,2,4-triazole (AT: 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg for 5 days) significantly reduced catalase activities both in the brain and liver of male Wistar rats. The total brain activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase was significantly increased after the lower dose of taurine and after administration of both doses of AT. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity was not altered by either AT or taurine administration. In taurine-supplemented rats, a significant increase in the ethanol elimination rates (EER) was discernible in the livers after a 2 g/kg dose of ethanol. In contrast, significant decreases in the EER were observed in both plasmas and livers of rats in which catalase was inhibited by AT. However, the brain EERs were comparable in both catalase-inhibited and taurine-supplemented rats, both showing a decrease by comparison to controls. The similar psychopharmacological effects induced by both of these compounds on ethanol-induced effects might indicate that this is mediated in part via the catalase pathway. Since both catalase and the EERs are diminished in the brain after the administration of either of these compounds, this may be an important factor in the moderation of ethanol-induced behaviour.
Probing the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in a 3D microfabricated landscape (2011)

The metastatic invasion of cancer cells from primary tumors to distant ecological niches, rather than the primary tumors, is the cause of much cancer mortality [Zhang QB, et al. (2010) Int J Cancer 126:2534-2541; Chambers AF, Goss PE (2008) Breast Cancer Res 10:114]. Metastasis is a three-dimensional invasion process where cells spread from their site of origin and colonize distant microenvironmental niches. It is critical to be able to assess quantitatively the metastatic potential of cancer cells [Harma V, et al. (2010) PLoS ONE 5:e10431]. We have constructed a microfabricated chip with a three-dimensional topology consisting of lowlands and isolated square highlands (Tepuis), which stand hundreds of microns above the lowlands, in order to assess cancer cell metastatic potential as they invade the highlands. As a test case, the invasive ascents of the Tepui by highly metastatic PC-3 and noninvasive LNCaP prostate cancer cells were used. The vertical ascent by prostate cancer cells from the lowlands to the tops of the Tepui was imaged using confocal microscopy and used as a measure of the relative invasiveness. The less-metastatic cells (LNCaP) never populated all available tops, leaving about 15% of them unoccupied, whereas the more metastatic PC-3 cells occupied all available Tepuis. We argue that this distinct difference in invasiveness is due to contact inhibition.
Business Models of Sustainable Open Educational Resources (OER) (2019)

This article conceptualizes four business models for sustainable open education resources (OER) at four levels: the social level, the education institutional level, the OER community level, and the individual faculty member level. The business model at each of the four levels has its application realm. At the social level, social benefits of OER are the central motivation of the OER movement. At the institutional level, education institutions are facing challenges of student enrollment increase. At the OER community operational level, communities of practice must be established. At the individual faculty member level, the key players of OER must take effective actions for OER. Sustainable OER can be achieved only when the stakeholders at the four levels collaborate towards the common objective of sustainable value creation. The comprehensive set of business models can be used for all parties involved in OER to define and implement strategies for sustainable OER. The article also provides recommendations for future research into tests of the conceptualized business models for sustainable OER.
Angiotensin II Signaling to Phospholipase D in Renal Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells in SHR (2001)

Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced phospholipase D (PLD) activity is greater in aortic smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Whether and how this signaling pathway is altered in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells (PGSMCs), a cell type that may participate in genetic hypertension, is unknown. The goals of the present study were to determine in SHR and WKY PGSMCs the following: (1) whether Ang II induces PLD activity; (2) whether the effect of Ang II on PLD activity is greater in SHR; (3) which PLD isoform is stimulated by Ang II; (4) what signaling pathway mediates Ang II-induced PLD stimulation; and (5) whether the signaling pathways mediating Ang II-induced PLD activity are different in SHR and WKY. The EC(50) for Ang II-induced PLD stimulation in SHR was 10-fold lower than the EC(50) in WKY, and both were inhibited by L-158,805, an AT(1) antagonist. Inhibitors of phosphoinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase C did not block Ang II-induced PLD activity in SHR and WKY PGSMCs. Catalytically-inactive constructs of PLD2 and RhoA, but not PLD1, ADP ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), ARF6, or ADP ribosylation factor nucleotide exchange factor (ARNO) blocked Ang II-induced PLD activity in SHR and WKY PGSMCs. Brefeldin A completely blocked Ang II-induced PLD activity in SHR but only slightly reduced Ang II-induced PLD activity in WKY PGSMCs. Therefore, we conclude that in PGSMCs, the effect of Ang II on PLD activity is (1) greater in SHR; (2) mediated by AT(1) receptors signaling to PLD2; (3) transduced primarily by Rho proteins; and (4) inhibited in SHR by brefeldin A.
Ligation Behavior of an Oligo-α-sulfanylpyrazinyl Ligand in Silver(I) Complexes Containing Carboxylates (2014)

Seven new Ag(I) complexes based on conformationally flexible 2,6-bis(pyrazin-2-ylthio)pyrazine (L) and selected carboxylate ligands, Ag2(L)2(L1)2 (1), [Ag(L)(L2)]∞ (2), [Ag2(L)(L3)2]∞ (3), [Ag2(L)(L4)2]∞ (4), {[Ag2(L)(L5)]·4H2O}∞ (5), {[Ag2(L)(L6)]·3H2O}∞ (6), and {[Ag2(L)2(L7)]·3H2O}∞ (7) (L1 = trifluoroacetate, L2 = heptafluorobutanoate, L3 = 4-cyanobenzoate, L4 = 2-(perfluorophenoxy)acetate, L5 = 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate, L6 = 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)diacetate, and L7 = naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In 1–7, an argentophilic Ag2 dimer was found to be a dominant subunit, which is stabilized by a pair of bridging carboxylate groups. Complexes 1–4 are assembled with monocarboxylates, L, and Ag(I) ions. Complex 1 exists as a discrete dimeric molecule, being stabilized by trans pairs of L and L1. Co-crystallization of discrete molecules and infinite chains occur in complex 2. In 3 and 4, Ag2 dimers are linked by ligands L to furnish a double-bridged chain and a ladder-like structure, respectively. Complexes 5–7 are assembled with dicarboxylate spacers and flexible L, which link Ag2 units to form a 2D slablike architecture in 5, and 3D coordination frameworks in 6 and 7. In addition, the effect of the carboxylate ligands on the ligation behavior of L and supramolecular assembly of the series of compounds are discussed in detail.
Theoretical Study of Stubs for Power Line Noise Reduction (2003)

— This paper describes a di/dt noise reduction method, which attaches stubs to the power line in LSI chips. A theoretical model of lossy transmission line stub is inves-tigated, and simulation results show that the stub can reduce 48 % and 26 % of the noise compared with the nothing attached case, and de-coupling capacitor case, respectively, at a 2.5GHz 1.8V operation test circuit. It is also shown that this method will work more efficiently for further high frequency operation chips.
Spatial and Temporal Expression of Perlecan in the Early Chick Embryo (2007)

Perlecan is a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds growth factors and interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface molecules. The expression and spatiotemporal distribution of perlecan was studied by RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence in the chick embryo from stages X (morula) to HH17 (29 somites). Combined RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of perlecan as early as stage X and its presence may be fundamental to the first basement membrane assembly on the epiblast ventral surface at stage XIII (blastula). Perlecan fluorescence was intense in the cells ingressing through the primitive streak and was strong lining the epiblast ventral surface lateral to the streak at stage HH3-4 (gastrula). At stage HH5-6 (neurula), perlecan fluorescence was low in the neuroepithelium and stronger in the apical surface of the neural plate. At stage HH10-11 (12 somites), perlecan fluorescence was intense in the neuroepithelium and was then essentially nondetectable in the neuroepithelium, and the intensity had shifted to the basement membranes of encephalic vesicles by stage HH17. Perlecan immunofluorescence was intense in neural crest cells, strong in pharyngeal arches, intense in thymus and lung rudiments, intense in aortic arches and in dorsal aorta, strong in lens and retina and intense in intraretinal space and in optic stalk, strong in the dorsal mesocardium, myocardium and endocardium, strong in dermomyotome, low in sclerotome in somites, intense in mesonephric duct and tubule rudiments, intense in the lining of the gut luminal surface. Inhibition of the function of perlecan by blocking antibodies showed that perlecan is crucial for maintaining basement membrane integrity which mediates the epithelialization, adhesive separation and maintenance of neuroepithelium in brain, somite epithelialization, and tissue architecture during morphogenesis of the heart tube, dorsal aorta and gut. An intriguing possibility is that perlecan, as a signaling molecule that modulates the activity of growth factors and cytokines, participates in the signaling pathways that guide gastrulation movements and neural crest cell migration, proliferation and survival, cardiac cell proliferation and paraxial mesoderm (somitic) cell proliferation and segmentation.
Sentence Vector Model Based on Implicit Word Vector Expression (2018)

Word vector and topic model can help retrieve information semantically. However, there still are many problems: 1) antonyms share high similarity when clustered through word vectors; 2) vectors for name entities cannot be fully trained, as name entities may appear limited times in specific corpus; and 3) words, sentences, and paragraphs, sharing the same meaning but with no overlapping words, are hard to be recognized. To overcome the above problems, this paper proposes a new vector computation model for text named s2v. Words, sentences, and paragraphs are represented in a unified way in the model. Sentence vectors and paragraph vectors are trained along with word vectors. Based on the unified representation, word and sentence (with different length) retrieval are experimentally studied. The results show that information with similar meaning can be retrieved even if the information is expressed with different words.
Combinations of Bright Light, Scheduled Dark, Sunglasses, and Melatonin to Facilitate Circadian Entrainment to Night Shift Work (2003)

Various combinations of interventions were used to phase-delay circadian rhythms to correct their misalignment with night work and day sleep. Young participants (median age = 22, n = 67) participated in 5 consecutive simulated night shifts (2300 to 0700) and then slept at home (0830 to 1530) in darkened bedrooms. Participants wore sunglasses with normal or dark lenses (transmission 15% or 2%) when outside during the day. Participants took placebo or melatonin (1.8 mg sustained release) before daytime sleep. During the night shifts, participants were exposed to a moving (delaying) pattern of intermittent bright light (approximately 5000 lux, 20 min on, 40 min off, 4-5 light pulses/night) or remained in dim light (approximately 150 lux). There were 6 intervention groups ranging from the least complex (normal sunglasses) to the most complex (dark sunglasses + bright light + melatonin). The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was assessed before and after the night shifts (baseline and final), and 7 h was added to estimate the temperature minimum (Tmin). Participants were categorized by their amount of reentrainment based on their final Tmin: not re-entrained (Tmin before the daytime dark/sleep period), partially re-entrained (Tmin during the first half of dark/sleep), or completely re-entrained (Tmin during the second half of dark/ sleep). The sample was split into earlier participants (baseline Tmin < or = 0700, sunlight during the commute home fell after the Tmin) and later participants (baseline Tmin > 0700). The later participants were completely re-entrained regardless of intervention group, whereas the degree of re-entrainment for the earlier participants depended on the interventions. With bright light during the night shift, almost all of the earlier participants achieved complete re-entrainment, and the phase delay shift was so large that darker sunglasses and melatonin could not increase its magnitude. With only room light during the night shift, darker sunglasses helped earlier participants phase-delay more than normal sunglasses, but melatonin did not increase the phase delay. The authors recommend the combination of intermittent bright light during the night shift, sunglasses (as dark as possible) during the commute home, and a regular, early daytime dark/sleep period if the goal is complete circadian adaptation to night-shift work.
A 5.2GHz, 0.5mW RF powered wireless sensor with dual on-chip antennas for implantable intraocular pressure monitoring (2013)

For the first time a single chip implantable wireless sensor system for Intraocular Pressure Monitoring (IOPM) is presented. This system-on-chip (SoC) is battery-free and harvests energy from incoming RF signals. The chip is self-contained and does not require external components or bond wires to function. This 1.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> SoC has separate 2.4GHz-transmit and 5.2GHz-receive antennas, an energy harvesting module, a temperature sensor, a 7-bit TIQ Flash ADC, a 4-bit RFID, a power management and control unit, and a VCO transmitter. The chip is fabricated in a standard 6-metal 0.18μm CMOS process and is designed to work with a post-processed MEMS pressure sensor. It consumes 513μW of peak power and when implanted inside the eye, it is designed to communicate with an external reader using on-off keying (OOK).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLISATION OF ENAMIDES PART 5, PHOTOCYCLISATION OF ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ANILIDES (1974)

Abstract Die Bestrahlung der Anilide (I) z.B. in Methanol, Diäthyläther oder Benzol mit einer Hg‐Niederdrucklampe liefert die trans‐ und cis‐Phenanthridin‐Derivate (II).
The <i>Tribolium chitin synthase</i> genes <i>TcCHS1</i> and <i>TcCHS2</i> are specialized for synthesis of epidermal cuticle and midgut peritrophic matrix (2005)

Functional analysis of the two chitin synthase genes, TcCHS1 and TcCHS2, in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, revealed unique and complementary roles for each gene. TcCHS1-specific RNA interference (RNAi) disrupted all three types of moult (larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult) and greatly reduced whole-body chitin content. Exon-specific RNAi showed that splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 was required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b was required only for the latter. TcCHS2-specific RNAi had no effect on metamorphosis or on total body chitin content. However, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, led to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut.
Interaction between the Btk PH Domain and Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate Directly Regulates Btk (2001)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) binds to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)) through the Btk pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an interaction thought to be required for Btk membrane translocation during B cell receptor signaling. Here, we report that interaction of PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) with the PH domain of Btk directly induces Btk enzymatic activation in an in vitro kinase assay. A point mutation that reduces interaction of PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) with the Btk PH domain blocks in vitro PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-dependent Btk activation, whereas the PH domain deletion enhances Btk basal activity but eliminates the PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-dependent stimulation. Btk kinase activity and the Btk activation loop phosphorylation site are both required for the PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-mediated stimulation of Btk kinase activity. Together, these results suggest that the Btk PH domain is positioned such that it normally suppresses both Btk kinase activity and access to substrates; when interacting with PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3), this suppression is relieved, producing apparent Btk activation. In addition, using Src family kinase inhibitors and Btk catalytically inactive mutants, we demonstrate that in vivo, the activation of Btk is due to both Lyn phosphorylation and PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-mediated direct activation. Thus, the Btk-PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) interaction serves to translocate Btk to the membrane and directly regulate its signaling function.
Enhanced Stability and Activity for Water Oxidation in Alkaline Media with Bismuth Vanadate Photoelectrodes Modified with a Cobalt Oxide Catalytic Layer Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

Atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of thin layers of cobalt oxide on n-type BiVO4 produced photoanodes capable of water oxidation with essentially 100% faradaic efficiency in alkaline, pH = 13 electrolytes. By contrast, under the same operating conditions, BiVO4 photoanodes without the Co oxide catalytic layer exhibited lower faradaic yields, of ca. 70%, for O2 evolution and were unstable, becoming rapidly photopassivated. High numbers (>25) of ALD cycles of Co oxide deposition gave electrodes that displayed poor photoelectrochemical behavior, but 15–20 ALD cycles produced Co oxide overlayers ∼1 nm in thickness, with the resulting photoelectrodes exhibiting a stable photocurrent density of 1.49 mA cm–2 at the oxygen-evolution potential and an open-circuit potential of 0.404 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, under 100 mW cm–2 of simulated air mass 1.5 illumination.
Dosimetric evaluation of MRI-based treatment planning for prostate cancer (2004)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of MRI-based treatment planning for prostate cancer using a commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system. Three-dimensional conformal plans for 15 prostate patients were generated using the AcQPlan system. For each patient, dose distributions were calculated using patient CT data with and without heterogeneity correction, and using patient MRI data without heterogeneity correction. MR images were post-processed using the gradient distortion correction (GDC) software. The distortion corrected MR images were fused to the corresponding CT for each patient for target and structure delineation. The femoral heads were delineated based on CT. Other anatomic structures relevant to the treatment (i.e., prostate, seminal vesicles, lymph notes, rectum and bladder) were delineated based on MRI. The external contours were drawn separately on CT and MRI. The same internal contours were used in the dose calculation using CT- and MRI-based geometries by directly transferring them between MRI and CT as needed. Treatment plans were evaluated based on maximum dose, isodose distributions and dose-volume histograms. The results confirm previous investigations that there is no clinically significant dose difference between CT-based prostate plans with and without heterogeneity correction. The difference in the target dose between CT- and MRI-based plans using homogeneous geometry was within 2.5%. Our results suggest that MRI-based treatment planning is suitable for radiotherapy of prostate cancer.
The Dependable Responsive Multithreaded Processor for Distributed Real-Time Systems (2012)

This article illustrates the design and implementation of the Dependable Responsive Multithreaded Processor (D-RMTP) for distributed real-time systems, especially humanoid robots. Paper presents a humanoid robot Kojiro. Kojiro's controllers are currently implemented by using the 16-bit H8 microprocessor with a USB network. We are planning to replace them with the D-RMTPs with responsive link network to improve dependability, so that the small controllers with the D-RMTPs are embedded at every joint of the robot and are interconnected via a real-time network called responsive link for distributed control. Therefore, the D-RMTP is designed to meet severe requirements in terms of footprint, latency, scalability, and dependability. The dependable responsive multithreaded processor (D-RMTP) applies priority-based control to all computation and communication levels. it also implements a hardware-based logging mechanism and errorcorrecting code (ECC) for improving dependability. the system on a chip (SOC), memory modules, and thermal and voltage sensors are integrated into the system in a package (SIP).