gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Smart” nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and applications (2007)

We review recent work on the preparation, characterization and application of “smart” microgel particles. A general feature of all systems under consideration here is their ability to react to external stimuli as e.g. the pH or the temperature in the system. Special emphasis is laid on our recent research work on the thermosensitive core–shell microgel particles, which are composed of a PS core and a cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) shell. Work done on these core–shell systems is compared to developments on the investigations of similar systems. A novel synthesis method, namely photo-emulsion polymerization, has been described for the preparation of monodisperse, thermosensitive core–shell particles. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has recently been employed to investigate the morphology and the volume transition of the core–shell type microgels. This method furnishes information about the thermosensitive particles that had not been available through other methods employed in previous investigations. Very recently, it has been shown that these core–shell microgels can be used as “nanoreactors” for the immobilization of metal nanoparticles. The metal nanocomposite particles show “smart” catalytic behaviour, inasmuch as the catalytic activity of nanoparticles can be switched on and off through the volume transition that takes place within the thermosensitive shell of the carrier system. We also discuss possible future applications of these systems.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the naphthalene degradation genes from plasmid NAH7 (1983)

The genes encoding the enzymes responsible for conversion of naphthalene to 2-hydroxymuconic acid (nahA through nahI) are contained on a 25-kilobase EcoRI fragment of an 85-kilobase NAH plasmid of Pseudomonas putida. These genes were cloned into the plasmid vectors pBR322 and RSF1010 to obtain the recombinant plasmids pKGX505 and pKGX511, respectively. To facilitate cloning and analysis, an NAH7 plasmid containing a Tn5 transposon in the salicylate hydroxylase gene (nahG) was used to derive the EcoRI fragment. The genes for naphthalene degradation were expressed at a low level in Escherichia coli strains containing the fragment on the recombinant plasmids pKGX505 or pKGX511. This was shown by the ability of whole cells to convert naphthalene to salicylic acid and by in vitro enzyme assays. The expression of at least two of these genes in E. coli appeared to be regulated by the presence of the inducer salicylic acid. In addition, high-level expression and induction appear to be mediated by an NAH plasmid promoter and a regulatory gene located on the fragment. A restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the cloned fragment was generated, and the map positions of several nah genes were determined by analysis of various subcloned DNA fragments.
A 833 Mb/s 2.5 V 4 Mb double data rate SRAM (1998)

A double-data-rate (DDR) SRAM overcomes the limitation of a single-data-rate (SDR) SRAM. The main features are an auto-tracking bitline scheme to reduce core cycle time, a shortened main data line for current reduction, a noise immune circuit having high-speed transfer characteristics through a dual-rail reset dynamic circuit, a two bit pre-fetched operation, and strobe clocks synchronized with the output data to guarantee CPU data-validation time.
25Gb/s 3.6pJ/b and 15Gb/s 1.37pJ/b VCSEL-based optical links in 90nm CMOS (2012)

Future high-performance computing systems require sub-2pJ/bit power efficiencies at >;10Gb/s [1-2]. The best reported optical link efficiencies at these data rates are ≥2.5pJ/bit [1-4]. This paper describes two VCSEL-based multimode (MM) fiber optical links achieving sub-2pJ/bit power efficiency from 15Gb/s to 22Gb/s. The links realized in 90nm CMOS share the same TX but use two different RXs that explore different aspects of the power/BW/area tradeoff.
A Low-Complexity Algorithm for Uplink Scheduling in Cooperative Cellular Networks with a Capacity-Constrained Backhaul Infrastructure (2009)

Today, it is well understood that interference poses the main capacity limitation and thus challenge for future cellular networks. A promising concept that addresses interference is multi-cell cooperative signal processing, often referred to as Network MIMO. While in recent publications, it is often assumed that the required exchange of information among the base stations can be done with unlimited capacity, current network infrastructures do not necessarily support very high data rates and backhaul has been identified as a major cost driver. For the case of unlimited backhaul availability, it has been shown that large gains can be achieved through intelligent resource assignment (scheduling). In this paper, we introduce a low-complexity algorithm for uplink scheduling in cooperative cellular networks under the assumption of a capacity constrained backhaul with the target of maximizing the tradeoff between backhaul and sum rate.
[Lysozyme in the treatment of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. A new concept in its etiopathogenesis]. (1990)

The A. inform about the results achieved with lysozyme chlorhydrate in the treatment of 15 patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. The lysozyme is an electropositive enzyme which synthesis is related to the degree of proteins and vitamin B complex ingestion. Lysozyme is a component of the immunitary inespecific system, serving to prevent against HPV-DNA at the level of the secretory film of the mucociliary apparatus of the respiratory mucous membrane. Furthermore, lysozyme hydrolyzes the mucopolysaccharide of the connective tissue and inhibits the virus-DNA replication. 100-300 mgr daily during 30-60 days simultaneously with hyperproteic diet and vitamin B complex (after correction of the nutrimental deficiencies) brought about the evanishment of papillomatosis. The A. suggest that the predisposition to infection by virus DNA is primarily of immunitary origin, because of lysozyme deficiency, and secondary due to a low intake of proteins and vitamin B complex.
Learning to Compose Dynamic Tree Structures for Visual Contexts (2019)

We propose to compose dynamic tree structures that place the objects in an image into a visual context, helping visual reasoning tasks such as scene graph generation and visual Q&A. Our visual context tree model, dubbed VCTree, has two key advantages over existing structured object representations including chains and fully-connected graphs: 1) The efficient and expressive binary tree encodes the inherent parallel/hierarchical relationships among objects, e.g., ``clothes'' and ``pants'' are usually co-occur and belong to ``person''; 2) the dynamic structure varies from image to image and task to task, allowing more content-/task-specific message passing among objects. To construct a VCTree, we design a score function that calculates the task-dependent validity between each object pair, and the tree is the binary version of the maximum spanning tree from the score matrix. Then, visual contexts are encoded by bidirectional TreeLSTM and decoded by task-specific models. We develop a hybrid learning procedure which integrates end-task supervised learning and the tree structure reinforcement learning, where the former's evaluation result serves as a self-critic for the latter's structure exploration. Experimental results on two benchmarks, which require reasoning over contexts: Visual Genome for scene graph generation and VQA2.0 for visual Q&A, show that VCTree outperforms state-of-the-art results while discovering interpretable visual context structures.
MicroRNA miR-451 downregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway through CAB39 in human glioma (2011)

The microRNA miR-451 is downregulated in gliomas, this has been suggested by several different research groups and is consistent with our data. Our previous study also confirmed that miR-451 has a repressive role in glioma by inhibiting cell growth, proliferation and by inducing cell apoptosis. In the present study, we identified a target gene of miR-451 in human glioma and investigated the mechanism for the glioma suppressive effect of miR-451 functions. Expression of miR-451 in gliomas was identified by quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Human glioma cell lines (U251, U87, LN229 and A172) were transfected with miR-451 mimics to restore miR-451 expression. The tumor suppressive effects of miR-451 were further verified by subcutaneous assays in nude mice, in addition to our previous in vitro data. A candidate target gene was tested by Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. Some PI3K/AKT pathway factors were tested by Western blotting. We found that miR-451 expression was downregulated in glioma samples and was inversely correlated with WHO grades of gliomas. In vivo assays confirmed that miR-451 had tumor suppressive traits. CAB39-3'UTR luciferase reporter assay confirmed CAB39 as a direct target gene of miR-451. Significant alterations in the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway factors were observed by Western blot assays. We conclude that miR-451 represses glioma in vitro and in vivo, likely through targeting CAB39 directly and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway indirectly.
Quantifying the attack surface of a web application (2022)

The attack surface of a system represents the exposure of application objects to attackers and is affected primarily by architecture and design decisions. Given otherwise consistent conditions, reducing the attack surface of a system or an application is expected to reduce its overall vulnerability. So far, only systems have been considered but not single applications. As web applications provide a large set of applications built upon a common set of concepts and technologies, we choose them as an example, and provide qualitative and quantitative indicators. We propose a multidimensional metric for the attack surface of web applications, and discuss the rationale behind. Our metric is easy to use. It comprises both a scalar numeric indicator for easy comparison and a more detailed vector representation for deeper analysis. The metric can be used to guide security testing and development. We validate the applicability and suitability of the metric with popular web applications, of which knowledge about their vulnerability already exists. 1
Activation of an NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase by histone. (1982)

An ADP-ribosyltransferase from turkey erythrocytes which utilizes proteins and low molecular weight guanidino compounds such as arginine and agmatine as ADP-ribose acceptors was stimulated by histones. The effect was specific in that choleragen, a bacterial mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase that increased adenylate cyclase activity in animal cells, was not activated by histones. With the erythrocyte enzyme, histones decreased the apparent Km values for arginine methyl ester and agmatine and increased the stability of the transferase to thermal denaturation. Activation of the transferase by histones was rapid, with a minimal delay observed upon addition of histones to a histone-free assay. Activation by histones was reversed upon dilution of a sample containing histones into an assay mix free of histone. In the absence of histone, the transferase existed as a rapidly sedimenting species; in the presence of histone, the transferase sedimented as a protomer.
Reaction of 1-silyloxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes with iron(III) chlorides. A facile synthesis of 2-cycloalkenones via ring enlargement of cyclic ketones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReaction of 1-silyloxybicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes with iron(III) chlorides. A facile synthesis of 2-cycloalkenones via ring enlargement of cyclic ketonesYoshihiko Ito, Syotaro Fujii, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 11, 2073–2074Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00873a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00873a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1979Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EC3, a Novel Heterodimeric Disintegrin from Echis carinatus Venom, Inhibits α4 and α5 Integrins in an RGD-independent Manner (1999)

EC3, a heterodimeric disintegrin (Mr = 14,762) isolated from Echis carinatus venom is a potent antagonist of alpha4 integrins. Two subunits called EC3A and EC3B were isolated from reduced and alkylated EC3 by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Each subunit contained 67 residues, including 10 cysteines, and displayed a high degree of homology to each other and to other disintegrins. EC3 inhibited adhesion of cells expressing alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins to natural ligands vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MadCAM-1) with IC50 = 6-30 nM, adhesion of K562 cells (alpha5beta1) to fibronectin with IC50 = 150 nM, and adhesion of alphaIIbbeta3 Chinese hamster ovary cells to fibrinogen with IC50 = 500 nM; it did not inhibit adhesion of alphavbeta3 Chinese hamster ovary cells to vitronectin. Ethylpyridylethylated EC3B inhibited adhesion of Jurkat cells to immobilized VCAM-1 (IC50 = 6 microM), whereas EC3A was inactive in this system. The MLDG motif appeared to be essential for activity of EC3B. Linear MLDG peptide inhibited the adhesion of Jurkat to VCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 4 mM), whereas RGDS peptide was not active at the same concentration. MLDG partially inhibited adhesion of K562 cells to fibronectin (5-10 mM) in contrast to RGDS peptide (IC50 = 3 mM), inhibiting completely at 10 mM.
Proteinase-Activated Receptor-1, CCL2, and CCL7 Regulate Acute Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation (2013)

PAR1 plays a central role in mediating the interplay between coagulation and inflammation, but its role in regulating acute neutrophilic inflammation is unknown. We report that antagonism of PAR1 was highly effective at reducing acute neutrophil accumulation in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung inflammation. PAR1 antagonism also reduced alveolar-capillary barrier disruption in these mice. This protection was associated with a reduction in the expression of the chemokines, CCL2 and CCL7, but not the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6, or the classic neutrophil chemoattractants, CXCL1 and CXCL2. Antibody neutralization of CCL2 and CCL7 significantly reduced LPS-induced total leukocyte and neutrophil accumulation, recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of challenged mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CCL2 predominantly localized to alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epithelial cells, whereas CCL7 was restricted to the pulmonary epithelium. In keeping with these observations, the intranasal administration of recombinant CCL2 (rCCL2) and rCCL7 led to the accumulation of neutrophils within the lung airspaces of naive mice in the absence of any underlying inflammation. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated an increase in Ly6G(hi) neutrophils expressing the chemokine receptors, CCR1 and CCR2, isolated from mouse lungs compared with circulating neutrophils. Conversely, the expression of CXCR2 decreased on neutrophils isolated from the lung compared with circulating neutrophils. Furthermore, this switch in chemokine receptor expression was accentuated after acute LPS-induced lung inflammation. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel role for PAR1 and the chemokines, CCL2 and CCL7, during the early events of acute neutrophilic inflammation.
Maximizing Revenue Through Two‐Dimensional Shelf‐Space Allocation (2014)

We consider the problem of optimally allocating contiguous rectangular presentation spaces in order to maximize revenues. Such problems are encountered in the arrangement of products in retail shelf‐space and in the design of feature advertising displays or webpages. Specifically, we allow (i) the shape of a product's presentation to have a vertical as well as a horizontal component and (ii) displays to extend across multiple shelves for in‐store presentations. Since the vertical location of the shelf on which a product is displayed affects its sales, each vertical location is assigned its own effectiveness with regard to revenue generation. The problem of maximizing the total weighted revenue of a display is strongly NP‐hard. Therefore, we decompose it into two subproblems. The first consists of allocating products to different cabinets. In the second, within each cabinet, each product's units are arranged in a contiguous rectangle and assigned a location. These subproblems are solved using an innovative approach that uses a combination of integer programming and an algorithm for the maximum‐weight independent set problem. Based on computational studies on both real‐world and simulated data, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. Specifically, the revenue generated by this scheme is within 1% of the optimum for actual data and within 5% for simulated data.
AmpC and AmpH, proteins related to the class C beta-lactamases, bind penicillin and contribute to the normal morphology of Escherichia coli (1997)

Two proteins that bind penicillin were observed in Escherichia coli infected with lambda phages 141, 142, 650, and 651 from the Kohara genomic library. These phages carry chromosomal DNA fragments that do not contain any known penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes, indicating that unrecognized gene products were exhibiting penicillin binding activity. The genes encoding these proteins were subcloned, sequenced, and identified. One gene was ampC, which encodes a chromosomal class C beta-lactamase. The second gene was located at about 8.5 min on the E. coli genomic map and is a previously uncharacterized open reading frame, here named ampH, that encodes a protein closely related to the class C beta-lactamases. The predicted AmpH protein is similar in length to AmpC, but there are extensive alterations in the amino acid sequence between the SXXK and YXN motifs of the two proteins. AmpH bound strongly to penicillin G, cefoxitin, and cephalosporin C; was temperature sensitive; and disappeared from cells after overnight incubation in stationary phase. Although closely related to AmpC and other class C beta-lactamases, AmpH showed no beta-lactamase activity toward the substrate nitrocefin. Mutation of the ampC and/or ampH genes in E. coli lacking PBPs 1a and 5 produced morphologically aberrant cells, particularly in cell filaments induced by aztreonam. Thus, these two members of the beta-lactamase family exhibit characteristics similar to those of the classical PBPs, and their absence affects cell morphology. These traits suggest that AmpC and AmpH may play roles in the normal course of peptidoglycan synthesis, remodeling, or recycling.
Structure–function relationships in RNA and RNP enzymes: Recent advances (2007)

The structural biology of ribozymes and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzymes is now sufficiently advanced that a true dialogue between structural and functional studies is possible. In this review, we consider three important systems in which an integration of structural and biochemical data has recently led to major advances in mechanistic understanding. In the hammerhead ribozyme, application-driven biochemical studies led to the discovery of a key structural interaction that had been omitted from previously-studied constructs. A new crystal structure of the resulting, tertiary-stabilized hammerhead has resolved a remarkable number of longstanding paradoxes in the structure-function relationship of this ribozyme. In the Group I intron ribozyme, a flurry of high-resolution structures has largely confirmed, but in some cases refined or challenged, a detailed model of a metalloenzyme active site that had previously been derived by meticulous quantitative metal ion rescue experiments. Finally, for the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome, recent biochemical and chemical results motivated by the pioneering crystal structures have suggested a picture of a catalytic mechanism dominated by proximity and orientation effects and substrate-assisted catalysis. These results refocus attention on catalysis as a property of the integrated RNP machinery as a whole, as opposed to a narrow concern with the RNA functional groups in immediate contact with the reactive center.
AC fault ride-through capability of a VSC-HVDC transmission systems (2010)

This paper presents a recovery strategy that enables DC transmission systems based on voltage source converters to ride-through different ac faults with minimum current and voltage stresses on the converter switching devices. The proposed recovery strategy eliminates the trapped energy in the dc link during ac faults; as a result the rise in the dc link voltage is prevented. This may eliminate the need for the dc chopper in the dc link, as proposed in the literature, to dissipate the trapped energy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the recovery strategy, several fault conditions are considered, including, symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. The proposed recovery strategy improves the resiliency of the VSC-HVDC transmission system to different ac faults, which can be summarized as follows: limited current contribution to the fault and limited current and voltage stress on the switching devices as the rise in the dc link voltage is significantly reduced or prevented.
All optical signal regeneration in cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer wavelength converter (2001)

The optimum condition of all optical signal regeneration (2R) was analysed in a cross-phase modulation (XPM) wavelength converter based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Since the input and probe signal power affect the transfer function of an interferometer, the optimum operation conditions are needed to improve the pulse shape of the converted signal. A serially cascaded dual MZI–XPM wavelength converter scheme was proposed to realise the wavelength conversion and optical signal regeneration at the same time. The signal reshaping was achieved by controlling the gain and phase conditions of conventional SOAs in an interferometric decision circuit. To obtain the operation of a nonlinear optical gate (NLOG) using a decision circuit, the two SOAs should have different length and injection current. Based on the simulations of pulse shape in time domain and bit error rate, we have confirmed that this scheme greatly improves the optical signal quality.