gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Capacity of MIMO Interference Channels (2008)

The capacity region of a multiple-input-multiple-output interference channel (MIMO IC) where the channel matrices are square and invertible is studied. The capacity region for strong interference is established where the definition of strong interference parallels that of scalar channels. Moreover, the sum-rate capacity for Z interference, noisy interference, and mixed interference is established. These results generalize known results for the scalar Gaussian IC.
Analysis of the extent of unfolding of denatured insulin‐like growth factor (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) contains three disulfide bonds. In the presence of denaturant and thiol catalyst, IGF-1 shuffles its native disulfide bonds and denatures to form a mixture of scrambled isomers. The composition of scrambled IGF varies under different denaturing conditions. Among the 14 possible scrambled IGF isomers, the yield of the beads-form isomer is shown to be directly proportional to the strength of the denaturing condition. This paper demonstrates a new approach to quantify the extent of unfolding of the denatured protein.
Casp8p41 generated by HIV protease kills CD4 T cells through direct Bak activation (2014)

Previous studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease cleaves procaspase 8 to a fragment, termed Casp8p41, that lacks caspase activity but nonetheless contributes to T cell apoptosis. Herein, we show that Casp8p41 contains a domain that interacts with the BH3-binding groove of pro-apoptotic Bak to cause Bak oligomerization, Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization, and cell death. Levels of active Bak are higher in HIV-infected T cells that express Casp8p41. Conversely, targeted mutations in the Bak-interacting domain diminish Bak binding and Casp8p41-mediated cell death. Similar mutations in procaspase 8 impair the ability of HIV to kill infected T cells. These observations support a novel paradigm in which HIV converts a normal cellular constituent into a direct activator that functions like a BH3-only protein.
Micro-Arcing and Arc Erosion Minimization Using a DC Hybrid Switching Device (2008)

Hybrid switching devices utilize the advantages of both conventional electrical contacts and solid state electronics to minimize arcing during opening and closing operations. This can result in higher reliability and reduces the need for high cost specialist contact materials. The hybrid switch does not eliminate arcing completely, due to the inductive nature of circuits; micro-arcing is known to occur. An experimental dc hybrid switching device is introduced which minimizes arcing for 42 V applications. The characteristics of micro-arcing are investigated to determine the factors which influence the duration of micro-arcs. Surface profiling techniques are used to determine low level contact erosion. The magnitude of contact erosion is related to the micro-arcing.
Achlioptas process phase transitions are continuous (2012)

It is widely believed that certain simple modifications of the random graph process lead to discontinuous phase transitions. In particular, starting with the empty graph on $n$ vertices, suppose that at each step two pairs of vertices are chosen uniformly at random, but only one pair is joined, namely, one minimizing the product of the sizes of the components to be joined. Making explicit an earlier belief of Achlioptas and others, in 2009, Achlioptas, D’Souza and Spencer [Science 323 (2009) 1453–1455] conjectured that there exists a $\delta>0$ (in fact, $\delta\ge1/2$) such that with high probability the order of the largest component “jumps” from $o(n)$ to at least $\delta n$ in $o(n)$ steps of the process, a phenomenon known as “explosive percolation.” We give a simple proof that this is not the case. Our result applies to all “Achlioptas processes,” and more generally to any process where a fixed number of independent random vertices are chosen at each step, and (at least) one edge between these vertices is added to the current graph, according to any (online) rule. We also prove the existence and continuity of the limit of the rescaled size of the giant component in a class of such processes, settling a number of conjectures. Intriguing questions remain, however, especially for the product rule described above.
Koebner Phenomenon Following Acupuncture (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The cover of the June 1972 issue of theArchivesfurther accentuates that the current "in" word is acupuncture. Probably more medical and lay press articles are being written now regarding this age-old technique than in the past 2,000 years. It follows, therefore, that the procedure itself will soon become more common. For this reason, I should like to report an interesting observation, which some other dermatologists may soon see. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old oriental woman consulted me in mid-May because of a rash involving her back, elbows, and legs, which began a month before and was progressing. She claimed the eruption was nonpruritic and nonpainful but was cosmetically unacceptable. Examination revealed guttate, scaling, erythematous plaques which tended to be circular and measured between 2.0 and 4.0 cm. An "augensblick" diagnosis, easily made by any dermatologist, was guttate psoriasis. However, the pattern of the eruption
The strawberry statement : notes of a college revolutionary (1969)

Personal narrative excerpted from The Strawberry Statement: Notes of a College Revolutionary (New York: Random House, 1969): 26-45.
The india-ink immunoreaction: a method for the rapid diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis (1977)

Sera from 37 rabbits were assayed for antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Nosema cuniculi) by the india-ink immunoreaction and the indirect fluorescent antibody tests: all animals seropositive to the former were also positive to the latter test. 27 of the rabbits were also tested for skin hypersensitivity and then autopsied. Animals positive to the skin test were also positive to the serological tests. At autopsy 18 of 22 rabbits positive in the immunological tests showed lesions typical of encephalitozoonosis. Sera from 200 rabbits originating from 6 institutes were assayed by the india-ink test: seropositive rabbits were found from all institutes (9.1 to 81.9% incidence), with serum titres ranging from 1:125 to 1:5000. The india-ink test appears to be a rapid and convenient method for diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in rabbits.
Catalysis by Supported Metal Crystallites from Carbonyl Clusters. II. Catalytic Ethanol Synthesis from CO and H2 under Atmospheric Pressure over Supported Rhodium Crystallites Prepared from Rh Carbonyl Clusters Deposited on TiO2, ZrO2, and La2O3 (1978)

Abstract Ethanol was catalytically produced in the CO–H2 reaction under atmospheric pressure and at 150–250 °C over rhodium crystallite catalysts prepared from Rh carbonyl cluster compounds highly dispersed on La2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2. The activity and selectivity of ethanol formation depend on the kind of metal carbonyl cluster and metal oxide used as inorganic carriers. The catalysts prepared by the pyrolysis of smaller Rh carbonyl clusters such as Rh2(C5H5)2(CO)3, Rh4(CO)12, and Rh6(CO)16 on La2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2 show higher selectivity of the oxygenated products containing ethanol (main), acetaldehyde, and methanol. The ethanol contents in the oxygenated products increased considerably above 200 °C over the catalysts. CeO2 and ThO2 were also employed in the preparation of the pyrolysed catalysts to disperse the Rh carbonyl clusters, which catalyses the ethanol formation in the CO–H2 reaction at atmospheric pressure.
SarA, a Global Regulator of Virulence Determinants inStaphylococcus aureus, Binds to a Conserved Motif Essential for sar-dependent Gene Regulation (1999)

The expression of many virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus including alpha-hemolysin-, protein A-, and fibronectin-binding proteins is controlled by global regulatory loci such as sar and agr. In addition to controlling target gene expression via agr (e.g. alpha-hemolysin), the sar locus can also regulate target gene transcription via agr-independent mechanisms. In particular, we have found that SarA, the major regulatory protein encoded within sar, binds to a conserved sequence, homologous to the SarA-binding site on the agr promoter, upstream of the -35 promoter boxes of several target genes including hla (alpha-hemolysin gene), spa (protein A gene), fnb (fibronectin-binding protein genes), and sec (enterotoxin C gene). Deletion of the SarA recognition motif in the promoter regions of agr and hla in shuttle plasmids rendered the transcription of these genes undetectable in agr and hla mutants, respectively. Likewise, the transcription activity of spa (a gene normally repressed by sar), as measured by a XylE reporter fusion assay, became derepressed in a wild type strain containing a shuttle plasmid in which the SarA recognition site had been deleted from the spa promoter region. However, DNase I footprinting assays demonstrated that the SarA-binding region on the spa and hla promoter is more extensive than the predicted consensus sequence, thus raising the possibility that the consensus sequence is an activation site within a larger binding region. Because the sar and agr regulate an assortment of virulence factors in S. aureus, we propose, based on our data, a unifying hypothesis for virulence gene activation in S. aureus whereby SarA is a regulatory protein that binds to its consensus SarA recognition motif to activate (e.g. hla) or repress (e.g. spa) the transcription of sar target genes, thus accounting for both agr-dependent and agr-independent mode of regulation.
Systematic Security and Timeliness Tradeoffs in Real-Time Embedded Systems (2006)

Real-time embedded systems are increasingly being networked. In distributed real-time embedded applications, e.g., electric grid management and command and control applications, it is required to not only meet real-time constraints but also support the data confidentiality,integrity, and authenticity. Unfortunately, in general, cryptographic functions are computationally expensive, possibly causing deadline misses in real-time embedded systems with limited resources. As a basis for cost-effective security support in real-time embedded systems, we define a quantitative notion of Strength of Defense (SoD). Based on the SoD concept, we propose a novel adaptive security policy in which the SoD can be degraded by decreasing the cryptographic key length for certain tasks, if necessary, to improve the success ratio under overload conditions. Our approach is lightweight. The time complexity of our approach is linear and its amortized version has the constant overhead per SoD adaptation period. Moreover, our approach supports desirable security features requiring an attacker to do extra work to find the cryptographic key. In the performance evaluation, we show that our approach can considerably improve the success ratio due to controlled SoD degradation under overload.
Comparative study of porous hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate as bone substitute (1985)

This study was performed to quantitate the bone ingrowth and biodegradability of porous calcium phosphate. Two kinds of coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA), along with sintered tricalcium phosphate (TCP), were evaluated. All implants had totally interconnecting pores. These pores measured 260-600 mu for CHA-Goniopora (CHAG), 190-230 microns for CHA-Porites (CHAP), and 100-300 microns for TCP. Cylindrical implants (3 mm in diameter by 8 mm in length) were implanted into the diaphyses of rabbit tibias for 3 to 24 weeks. The quantity of regenerated bone, remaining implant, nonmineralized space, and the middle two quarters of the cortical area were measured by a computerized operator-assisted analysis for bone histomorphometry. At 3 weeks after implantation, 17.3% of CHAG, 11.3% of CHAP, and 7.0% of TCP were infiltrated by regenerated bone. At 24 weeks, 56.1% of CHAG, 52.7% of CHAP, and 44.7% of TCP were occupied by lamellar-type bone. Implant degradation was noted to be 46.4% for TCP and 27.5% for CHAP. In contrast, CHAG did not show appreciable degradation until 24 weeks.
TensorFlow and Keras-based Convolutional Neural Network in CAT Image Recognition (2017)

As a part of Computer Vision, image recognition and image classification plays an important role in development of Artificial Intelligence. Deep Learning is a new research area of Machine Learning approaches, which is motivated by building and imitating the natural neural network of human beings. It describes the data through similar approaches of human beings, which include images and sounds. We built up a supervised learning model of the given dataset of 209 pictures in RGB, through convolution layers, pooling layers and dense layers, with ReLU activation function, and the outputting sigmoid activation function. Finally, 90.0% of predictions through our model on test dataset are right.
Nanostructured plasmonic substrates for use as SERS sensors (2016)

Plasmonic nanostructures strongly localize electric fields on their surfaces via the collective oscillations of conducting electrons under stimulation by incident light at a certain wavelength. Molecules adsorbed onto the surfaces of plasmonic structures experience a strongly enhanced electric field due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which amplifies the Raman scattering signal obtained from these adsorbed molecules. This phenomenon is referred to as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Because Raman spectra serve as molecular fingerprints, SERS has been intensively studied for its ability to facilely detect molecules and provide a chemical analysis of a solution. Further enhancements in the Raman intensity and therefore higher sensitivity in SERS-based molecular analysis have been achieved by designing plasmonic nanostructures with a controlled size, shape, composition, and arrangement. This review paper focuses on the current state of the art in the fabrication of SERS-active substrates and their use as chemical and biosensors. Starting with a brief description of the basic principles underlying LSPR and SERS, we discuss three distinct nanofabrication methods, including the bottom-up assembly of nanoparticles, top-down nanolithography, and lithography-free random nanoarray formation. Finally, typical applications of SERS-based sensors are discussed, along with their perspectives and challenges.
Precipitation of thiopental with muscle relaxants: a potential hazard (2011)

Potentially harmful, yet avoidable, interaction between thiopentone and commonly used muscle relaxants can endanger patients.
THE MEASUREMENT OF POST-TRANSFUSION SURVIVAL OF PRESERVED STORED HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES BY MEANS OF TWO ISOTOPES OF RADIO-ACTIVE IRON 1 (1947)

The evaluation of the efficacy of whole blood transfusion in augmenting total red cell volume has always been of interest to physicians called upon to care for patients with hemorrhage, burns, blood dyscrasias, or traumatic shock. The establishment of blood banks, resulting in an increasing use of stored blood, has focused more attention on the problem. Military requirements have created a demand for the preservation of whole blood over far longer periods than are required for civilian purposes. The urgent need for better preservative solutions and for the selection of the best conditions for overseas air transport of whole blood for the Armed Forces made it imperative that an accurate method of measuring the post-transfusion survival of stored human erythrocytes be available. The morphological and chemical changes that take place in red cells during storage have been studied by several laboratory methods. The rate. of spontaneous hemolysis, changes in cell dimension, changes in the permeability of the cell membrane, changes in osmotic resistance to hypotonic solutions of NaCl, rate of diffusion of potassium, and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism have all been proposed as in vitro tests for the evaluation of the ability of stored red cells to survive after transfusion. Each of these tests assays only changes in one functional characteristic of the. erythrocyte and it is for this reason that the opinion has been expressed that in vitro tests fail as a guide to the
Digital Rock Physics for Fast and Accurate Special Core Analysis in Carbonates (2012)

The main objective is to provide petrophysical and multiphase flow properties, calculated from 3D digital X-ray micro-tomographic images of the selected reservoir core samples. The simulations have been conducted on sub-samples (micro plugs) and then upscaled to cores plug scale for direct comparison with experimental data. Typically the whole core are imaged on dimensions of 11 -16.5 cm with a resolution of 500 microns, while the core plugs are imaged from to 2 -4 cm with resolutions of 12 -19 microns. The micro plugs have dimensions from 1 -5 mm with resolutions of 0.3 -5 microns and with Nano-CT one can look at rocks of 50 -300 microns with resolutions from 50 -300 nm. In DRP process, the results of these increasingly smaller and smaller investigations are then integrated by an upscaling, either by steady state or geometric methods. Hence, rock properties are computed from Nano and micro scale to plug scale to a whole core scale.
Synthesis and swelling characterizations of a poly(gamma-glutamic acid) hydrogel (1996)

Natural, biosynthesized poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) was crosslinked using dihalogenoalkanes yielding hydrogels with various features. Crosslinking reactions of the polymer and swelling of the hydrogels were studied. Various reaction parameters, like temperature and catalyst content, were adjusted to give highest yields in the network production. Swelling of the hydrogels showed dramatic changes when varying experimental conditions such as the molecular weight of γ-PGA, the nature and concentration of the crosslinker, and the solution used for the swelling (ionic strength, pH). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interleaved zero current transition buck converter (2005)

This paper introduces interleaved zero current transition (ZCT) converters where two sets of switches are operating out of phase and share the load power equally. Turn-on transitions at zero current and a significant reduction of the losses associated with diode reverse recovery are accomplished through addition of two small inductors. The paper describes a 30 kW (300 V, 100 A) interleaved ZCT buck converter operating at 32 kHz switching frequency. Losses and efficiency of the experimental prototype compare favorably against the standard hard-switched buck converter, and against previously proposed ZCT approaches.
An overview of advances in reliability estimation of individual predictions in machine learning (2009)

In Machine Learning, estimation of the predictive accuracy for a given model is most commonly approached by analyzing the average accuracy of the model. In general, the predictive models do not provide accuracy estimates for their individual predicti
Technique for Characterization of Polarization Mode Dispersion Accumulation Along Optical Fibres (2005)

: .'. . . Schematic offhe IFL is show in Fig. I It CO~~~ELE oia: phase-shnfled DFB fiber 191er m the middle and a DBR fibcr. laser with fwo fiber gratings (Fa). Thr IFL exploits rhe: advantages of low nois and sable single-mode ~peralirin dthr' ~,~,,.~~~~~,~~~,
QoE Inference and Improvement Without End-Host Control (2018)

Network quality-of-service (QoS) does not always translate to user quality-of-experience (QoE). Consequently, knowledge of user QoE is desirable in several scenarios that have traditionally operated on QoS information. Examples include traffic management by ISPs and resource allocation by the operating system. But today these systems lack ways to measure user QoE. To help address this problem, we propose offline generation of per-app models mapping app-independent QoS metrics to app-specific QoE metrics. This enables any entity that can observe an app's network traffic-including ISPs and access points-to infer the app's QoE. We describe how to generate such models for many diverse apps with significantly different QoE metrics. We generate models for common user interactions of 60 popular apps. We then demonstrate the utility of these models by implementing a QoE-aware traffic management framework and evaluate it on a WiFi access point. Our approach successfully improves QoE metrics that reflect user-perceived performance. First, we demonstrate that prioritizing traffic for latency-sensitive apps can improve responsiveness and video frame rate, by 46% and 115%, respectively. Second, we show that a novel QoE-aware bandwidth allocation scheme for bandwidth-intensive apps can improve average video bitrate for multiple users by up to 23%.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2005)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a low-grade B-lineage lymphoid malignancy, which is often not treated until patients become symptomatic or develop signs of rapid progression. Even in this setting, treatment is non-curative and is directed at reducing the symptoms from an increasing disease burden. Newer treatment regimens incorporating purine nucleoside analogs have increased the rate of successful remission induction in CLL patients. Recent combination chemoimmunotherapy regimens have produced frequent complete molecular remissions, and early evidence suggests this may result in an improved long-term survival. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for CLL but is infrequently used due to the older age of most patients, although reduced intensity conditioning regimens have reduced the toxicity of allogeneic transplantation. This review will summarize recent advances in the management of CLL, including prognostic factors, combination chemotherapy including nucleoside analogs and monoclonal antibodies, and reduced intensity allogeneic transplant conditioning regimens.
Large deviations (2008)

This paper is based on Wald Lectures given at the annual meeting of the IMS in Minneapolis during August 2005. It is a survey of the theory of large deviations.