gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2011)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease with major morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic management is difficult, due to lack of conclusive data and individual disease progression. High-dose UDCA was used for years as a pharmacotherapeutic agent to prevent disease progression, based on a positive trend in pilot studies, but has recently been proven to have a negative effect in advanced disease. Immunosuppressants might be useful in patients with overlap syndromes. Dominant bile duct stenoses should be treated endoscopically, and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) still remains a therapeutic challenge in PSC patients. Early diagnosis of CCC must be improved and new strategies such as neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with subsequent liver transplantation in selected patients are further options to be considered.
Thermal Sprayed Coatings Used Against Corrosion and Corrosive Wear (2012)

Coatings have historically been developed to provide protection against corrosion and erosion that is to protect the material from chemical and physical interaction with its environment.Corrosion and wear problems are still of great relevance in a wide range of industrial applications and products as they result in the degradation and eventual failure of components and systems both in the processing and manufacturing industries and in the service life of many components.Various technologies can be used to deposit the appropriate surface protection that can resist under specific conditions.They are usually distinguished by coating thickness: deposition of thin films (below 10 to 20 µm according to authors) and deposition of thick films.The latter, mostly produced at atmospheric pressure have a thickness over 30 µm, up to several millimeters and are used when the functional performance and life of component depend on the protective layer thickness.Both coating technology can also be divided into two distinct categories: "wet" and " dry " coating methods, the crucial difference being the medium in which the deposited material is processed.The former group mainly involves electroplating, electroless plating and hot-dip galvanizing while the second includes, among others methods, vapor deposition, thermal spray techniques, brazing, or weld overlays.This chapter deals with coatings deposited by thermal spraying.It is defined by Hermanek (2001) as follows , "Thermal spraying comprises a group of coating processes in which finely divided metallic or non-metallic materials are deposited in a molten or semi-molten condition to form a coating".The processes comprise: direct current (d.c.) arcs or radio frequency (r.f.) discharges-generated plasmas, plasma transferred arcs (PTA), wire arcs, flames, high velocity oxy-fuel flames (HVOF), high velocity air-fuel flames (HVAF), detonation guns (D-gun).Another spray technology has emerged recently ; it is called cold gas-dynamic spray technology, or Cold Spray (CS).It is not really a thermal spray technology as the high energy gas flow is produced by a compressed relatively cold gas (T < 800°C) expanding in a nozzle and will not be included in this presentation.Most processes are used at atmospheric pressure in air, except r.f.plasma spraying, necessarily operated in soft vacuum.Also, d.c.plasma spraying can be carried out in inert atmosphere or vacuum and Cold Spray is generally performed at atmospheric pressure but in a controlled atmosphere chamber to collect and recycle the spray gas (nitrogen or helium) because of the huge gas flow rates used (up to 5 m 3 .min - ).In the following only processes www.intechopen.comwww.intechopen.comThermal Sprayed Coatings Used Against Corrosion and Corrosive Wear 5 -Coatings used against high-temperature corrosion: carburization, nitriding, sulfidation, molten salt, and molten glass.-Coatings used against high-temperature oxidation.-Coatings used against corrosive wear at different temperatures -Examples of industrial applications to illustrate the interest of thermal sprayed coatings.
Reaction of hydroxo complexes of divalent metal lons with amide (1994)

Reaction of hydroxo complexes of copper(II) and nickel(II) with p-nitroacetanilide gave chelated amido complexes and the structure of the copper(II)–amido complex was determined by X-ray crystallography.
China's Energy Industry (2008)

China is ranked the world's second largest consumer of energy. This note provides background on China's energy industry and provides details on China's leading state-owned energy companies, production and consumption statistics, and government policies in support of the industry domestically and internationally. In addition, we provide details on the leading sources of energy in China as well as information on the rise of alternative energy.
Performance optimization of VoIP calls over wireless links using h.323 protocol (2003)

Intelligent mobile terminals (or users) of next generation wireless networks are expected to initiate voice over IP (VoIP) calls using session set-up protocols like H.323 or SIP (session initiation protocol). To guarantee the service quality of such applications, the call set-up protocol should be robust against network impairments. We analyze the performance of the H.323 call set-up procedure over wireless links using a simple call model under two modes of operations, namely, regular and fast connect. The proposed model assumes the presence of a radio link protocol (RLP) and recommends that the VoIP packets be transferred without any RLP retransmissions, while H.323 control packets be transferred with RLP retransmissions. Our analytical models and detailed experiments show that the VoIP call set-up performance can undergo significant degradation if RLP is not used at all, even for moderately high frame error rates (FERs) in wireless links. On the other hand, a robust radio link layer, such as RLP, can improve the call-set-up delay performance as compared to the existing wireless voice call-set-up delay.
Lesions of the C1 catecholaminergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla in rats using anti-DβH-saporin (1999)

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-containing neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are believed to play a role in cardiovascular regulation. To determine whether injection of anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH)-saporin directly into the RVLM in rats could selectively destroy these cells and thereby provide an approach for evaluating their role in cardiovascular regulation, we studied rats 2 wk after unilateral injection of 21 ng anti-DbetaH-saporin into the RVLM. There was an approximately 90% reduction in the number of PNMT-positive neurons in the RVLM, although the number of non-C1, spinally projecting barosensitive neurons of this area was not altered. The A5 cell group was the only other population of DbetaH-containing cells that was significantly depleted. The depressor response evoked by injection of tyramine into the RVLM was abolished by prior injection of toxin. The pressor response evoked by injection of glutamate into the RVLM was attenuated ipsilateral to the toxin injection but was potentiated contralateral to the toxin injection. Thus anti-DbetaH-saporin can be used to make selective lesions of PNMT-containing cells, allowing for the evaluation of their role in cardiovascular regulation.
Maintaining node consistency in the face of dynamic change (2002)

With the increasing demand for long running and highly available distributed services, interest in systems which can undergo dynamic reconfiguration has risen. However for dynamic change to yield valid systems, change actions must be carried out such that the consistency of the software modules making up the system is not breached. This can be ensured if the subset of the system which is to undergo change is in a state amenable to reconfiguration. This paper presents an algorithm which imposes a safe state over the part of the system undergoing change. The algorithm suits a particular class of transactional systems and places special emphasis on minimising the interference to the rest of the system and reducing the programmer contribution necessary for achieving this safe state.
Efficacy of the intranasal route for administration of anesthetic agents to adult rabbits. (1994)

Anesthetic agents were administered to adult rabbits by using the intranasal route. Six sedative or anesthetic protocols were studied as follows: group 1 (n = 12), 2.0 mg midazolam/kg body weight (BW); group 2 (n = 8), 25.0 mg ketamine/kg BW; group 3 (n = 8), 10 mg of combination of tiletamine and zolazepam/kg BW; group 4 (n = 10), 3 mg xylazine/kg BW and 10 mg ketamine/kg BW; group 5 (n = 8), 1.0 mg midazolam/kg BW and 25 mg ketamine/kg BW; and group 6 (n = 6), 0.3 ml of a combination of fentanyl and droperidol/kg BW. All drugs were diluted to a final volume of 0.4 ml/kg BW and an equal volume was administered with a catheter-tipped syringe into each nostril. Time to onset and duration of sedation or anesthesia were recorded. Muscle relaxation was graded as poor, fair, or excellent on the basis of flexibility of limbs. Presence or absence of a toe pinch response was recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and hemoglobin saturation were measured before and at 5-min intervals after drug administration. The mean onset times for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 3.0, 1.2, 2.5, 2.0, and 0.8 min, respectively. The mean duration of action was 24.6, 36.7, 44.4, 35.2, and 52.5 min for midazolam, ketamine, tiletamine/zolazepam, xylazine/ketamine, and midazolam/ketamine, respectively. All protocols resulted in a significant decrease in respiratory rate. Hemoglobin saturation decreased in all groups except group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regeneration Strategies for an Enhanced Thermal Management of Oxide Diesel Particulate Filters (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate filters are expected to be used on most passenger car applications designed to meet coming European emission standards, EU5 and EU6. Similar expectations hold for systems designed to meet US Tier 2 Bin 5 standards. Among the various products oxide filter materials, such as cordierite and aluminum titanate, are gaining growing interest due to their unique properties. Besides the intrinsic robustness of the filter products a well designed operating strategy is required for the successful use of filters. The operating strategy is comprised of two elements: the soot estimation and the regeneration strategy. In this paper the second element is discussed in detail by means of theoretical considerations as well as dedicated engine bench experiments. The impact the key operating variables, soot load, exhaust mass flow, oxygen content and temperature, have on the conditions inside the filter are discussed. Their practical relevance and the ability to use them for control purposes is analyzed. Guidelines are presented that should be considered when applying oxide diesel particulate filters. The differences between oxides and materials with higher thermal conductivity are discussed with respect to the relationship between regeneration conditions and the achievable regeneration efficiency. Experimental data show benefits for oxide materials vs. SiC, expected to come from their low conductivity. For the regeneration strategy a simple approach is proposed and illustrated by means of examples. The benefits of a staged regeneration approach are discussed, using two temperature levels during the regeneration.</div>
Opportunistic Fungal Infections, Part 1: Antifungal Treatment and Prophylaxis (2008)

Fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed hosts, such as patients with HIV-1 infection and those who are otherwise neutropenic. Thus, antifungal prophylaxis has become important in the care of patients with AIDS, transplant recipients, persons receiving chemotherapy, and other at-risk persons. This first installment in a 3-part series on opportunistic fungal infections in the immunocompromised person reviews the pathogenesis of opportunistic fungal infections in select at-risk populations and the pharmacotherapeutic armamentarium available for prophylaxis and treatment. [Infect Med. 2008;25:448-456, 473]
Novel DNA Intercalators Based on the Pyridazino[1‘,6‘:1,2]pyrido[4,3-<i>b</i>]indol-5-inium System (1999)

A new class of DNA intercalators based on the 8H-pyridazino[1‘,6‘:1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-inium system in which the cationic nature of the chromophore is provided by a brigdehead quaternary nitrogen has been obtained. These cations along with 10H-indolo[3,2-c]pyridazino[1,6-a]quinolin-5-inium, 13H-dibenz[f,h]indolo[3‘,2‘:3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]cinnolin-10-inium, and 5H-acenaphtho[1‘,2‘:3‘,4‘]pyridazino[1‘,6‘:1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indol-8-inium were synthesized by the Westphal reaction of carbolinium derivatives with various 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. When these tetra-, penta-, and heptacyclic heteroaromatic nuclei were evaluated as DNA intercalators using UV−vis spectroscopy, viscometric determinations, and unwinding angle determinations, we found that only the 8H-pyridazino[1‘,6‘:1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-inium cations behaved as DNA intercalators. Molecular modeling studies allowed the preferred orientation of the intercalating chromophore within a CpG intercalation site to be explored and will provide help in the rational design of novel bis-intercalators based on these chromophores.
Tympanoplasty for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Children (2015)

The mean weighted closure rate for pediatric tympanoplasty was 83.4%. Subgroup analysis found age not to be a significant factor affecting the closure rate. Tympanoplasties performed on larger perforations or in children with abnormal contralateral ear findings were more likely to fail. Surgery may be best delayed until contralateral otitis media with effusion has settled.
Design of multipulse Thomson scattering diagnostic for SST-1 tokamak (2007)

A multipulse Nd:YAG (Yttrium aluminum garnet) Thomson scattering (TS) system is designed and developed for measuring electron temperature (T(e)) and density (n(e)) profiles of SST-1 tokamak. The system operates at vertical, divertor, and horizontal (midplane) regions of plasma and measures the electron temperature of 20 eV to 1.5 keV and density of 10(18)-10(19) m(-3). Six Nd:YAG lasers synchronized with external control is used to get three different temporal resolutions (30 Hz, 180 Hz, and 1 kHz). The entire system is laboratory tested for the stability of alignment and performance over a distance of 30 m. Different imaging lens assemblies are designed to image the scattered photons from each of the scattering region to an array of optical fibers. A low cost and compact five-channel interference filter polychromator is designed, fabricated, and tested for its image quality and the filter transmission characteristics. Detection system with an avalanche photodiode and required signal conditioning electronics is developed for detecting the scattered photons. A data acquisition and control module operating on PXI bus is developed for the real time data acquisition and system control. A detailed description of design and testing of TS subsystems is presented in this article.
Confocal microscopy and spectroscopy of defect photoluminescence in single SiO 2 nanoparticles (2009)

We present new results on single SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs). NPs were obtained by full oxidation in water of silicon nanocrystals synthesized by CO<sub>2</sub> laser pyrolysis of SiH4. Samples of SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs embedded in low concentration in a thin polymer layer were prepared by spin-coating a dedicated solution on quartz cover slides. Using focused higher order laser modes, we determine the three-dimensional orientation of the nanoparticles' transition dipole moment (TDM). The SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were found to possess a quite stable and randomly oriented TDM. However, characteristic dynamical effects featuring single NPs such as fluorescence intermittency and TDM flipping could also be observed. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of single SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs revealed spectra with a double-peak structure consisting of a narrow zero-phonon line and a broader phonon band. The phonon band can be attributed to longitudinal optical phonons excited in the SiO<sub>2</sub> network.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DIMETHYLAMINOMETHYLIDENE‐2‐INDOLINONES (1979)

Abstract Die N‐Acylindolinone (I) reagieren bei der Vilsmeyer‐Reaktion nicht zu den erwarteten N‐Acyl‐3‐formyl‐indolen, sondern zu den Indolinonen (II) und (III).
Distribution profiles of transient receptor potential melastatin-related and vanilloid-related channels in prostatic tissue in rat (2007)

Our results demonstrate that mRNA or protein for TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 exist in rat prostatic tissue. The data presented here assists in elucidating the physiological function of TRPM and TRPV channels.
A Survey of Biological Abstracting (1955)

A Survey of Biological Abstracting Get access Bentley Glass Bentley Glass The Johns Hopkins University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 1955, Pages 20–22, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292516 Published: 01 January 1955
Cellulose in Cyanobacteria. Origin of Vascular Plant Cellulose Synthase? (2001)

Although cellulose biosynthesis among the cyanobacteria has been suggested previously, we present the first conclusive evidence, to our knowledge, of the presence of cellulose in these organisms. Based on the results of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy of microfibrils, and cellobiohydrolase I-gold labeling, we report the occurrence of cellulose biosynthesis in nine species representing three of the five sections of cyanobacteria. Sequence analysis of the genomes of four cyanobacteria revealed the presence of multiple amino acid sequences bearing the DDD35QXXRW motif conserved in all cellulose synthases. Pairwise alignments demonstrated that CesAs from plants were more similar to putative cellulose synthases from Anabaena sp. Pasteur Culture Collection 7120 and Nostoc punctiforme American Type Culture Collection 29133 than any other cellulose synthases in the database. Multiple alignments of putative cellulose synthases from Anabaena sp. Pasteur Culture Collection 7120 and N. punctiforme American Type Culture Collection 29133 with the cellulose synthases of other prokaryotes, Arabidopsis, Gossypium hirsutum, Populus alba x Populus tremula, corn (Zea mays), and Dictyostelium discoideum showed that cyanobacteria share an insertion between conserved regions U1 and U2 found previously only in eukaryotic sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the cyanobacterial cellulose synthases share a common branch with CesAs of vascular plants in a manner similar to the relationship observed with cyanobacterial and chloroplast 16s rRNAs, implying endosymbiotic transfer of CesA from cyanobacteria to plants and an ancient origin for cellulose synthase in eukaryotes.
Advances of detection for the progression of glaucoma (2019)

Glaucoma is a group of progressive diseases characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and it is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Currently, there are no single method to accurately and sensitively detect the progression of glaucoma. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring methods and providing the possible direction for the application of new technologies, this review will list some of the clinical examination methods such as fundus photography, optic coherence tomography (OCT), optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), adaptive optical microscope, standard automated perimetry (SAP) and other methods including both structure and function. Besides, we will enumerate new evaluation indicators in stead of traditional indicators to prospect the future of feasible monitoring technology. The ideal monitoring method should not only accurately determine the progression of glaucoma, but also give the probability of deterioration and estimate the rate of deterioration. In the future, improving the accuracy of monitoring methods and exploring more sensitive testing methods will be a great challenge, and it is also significant to combine both structural and functional aspects to comprehensively assess the condition, in order to achieve the purpose of guiding treatment and improving prognosis. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 43: 19-24)


Key words: 
glaucoma; detection; structure; function
Adaptive pre- and post-filtering for block based systems (2002)

This paper introduces an adaptive time-varying signal decomposition framework with perfect reconstruction via a combination of adaptive time-domain pre/post-processing and size-adaptive block DCTs. We explore different methods to produce time-varying basis functions and study various properties of the transition filter banks involved. Several criteria that could be used to select a certain set of basis functions are investigated. Promising coding gains over those of non-adaptive decompositions in an image coding setting are also presented.
TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS AND SOME OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MICROBIAL FLORA DEVELOPING ON REFRIGERATED BEEF <sup>a</sup> (1960)

SUMMARY Growth curves were obtained for numbers of organisms surviving on beef stored at 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° C. These were related to the development of off‐odor and slime. It was shown that the initial load of organisms determined the time required for development of slime. The critical value for slime production was found to be 6 × 10 7 organisms or a log value of 7.8. There was a change in slope for the effect of temperature at 0° C when compared with that of 20° C. Comparison was made of the swab, rinse and cut‐section methods of sampling; swab samples were selected as being the most reproducible and most convenient to use. The effect of storage time and temperature on percentages of lipolytic, gelatin liquefying, oxidase producing, chromogenic and fluorescent bacteria was studied. Most of the bacteria on stored meats had lipolytic activity; from one‐third to two‐thirds of the organisms liquefied gelatin. Oxidase production could not be determined accurately. From 4‐20% of the initial population were found to be chromogens but colored colonies were rarely found beyond the fourth day of storage; also, plates stored at temperatures less than 15° C did not yield chromogens. Fluorescent bacteria comprised 10‐25% of the flora throughout storage. Microorganisms isolated from refrigerated beef were classified and it was found that at 10° C or lower the bacteria responsible for production of slime were almost without exception pseudomonads. Various species of Pseudomonas were identified. At 15° C or above, there was approximately an equal incidence of organisms of the genus Micrococcus and Pseudomonas. Other bacteria that were recovered from the sliced meat were Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Microbacterium, Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium and Streptococcus. Species of Penicillium were the most commonly encountered molds, more rarely, Cladosporium, Thamnidium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Alternaria , and Sporotrichum were found.