gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Push-pull circuits using n-p-n and p-n-p InP-based HBT's for power amplification (1999)

P-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been combined with n-p-n HBTs in a push-pull amplifier in order to obtain improved linearity characteristics. Simulations of common-collector push-pull amplifiers demonstrate an improvement of 14 dB in second harmonic content at the onset of power saturation under class-B operation. Further improvement of 14 dB in the third harmonic content is shown by moving to class-AB operation at an expense of 4% decreased efficiency. A common-emitter push-pull amplifier was fabricated using both n-p-n and p-n-p HBTs with external matching and couplers. Testing of the circuit under class-AB conditions showed better third-order intermodulation (by /spl sim/9 dBc) and smaller second harmonic content (by /spl sim/11 dBc) compared with n-p-n HBTs alone. While the second harmonics were shown to combine destructively in the push-pull amplifier, total cancellation of the second harmonic was prevented by the wide difference in linearity characteristics of the n-p-n and p-n-p HBTs. In addition, the circuit produced over 2 dBm more output power than the n-p n HBT alone at 1 dB of gain compression.
Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (2002)

Among patients with multivessel disease, contemporary PCI resulted in safer and more durable revascularization. These results support the role of PCI for selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.
Cerium Ion-Chelated Magnetic Silica Microspheres for Enrichment and Direct Determination of Phosphopeptides by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2008)

In this study, we employed, for the first time, the Ce4+-chelated magnetic silica microspheres to selectively concentrate phosphopeptides from protein digest products. Cerium ions were chelated onto magnetic silica microspheres using the strategy we established before. After enrichment, the phosphopeptide-conjugated magnetic microspheres were separated from the sample solution just by using a magnet. With the optimized enrichment conditions, the performance of the Ce4+-chelated magnetic microspheres was compared with the Fe3+-chelated microspheres using tryptic digested peptides originating from ovalbumin, a five protein mixture containing phosphoproteins and nonphosphoproteins, as well as a mixture of beta-casein and BSA with a molar ratio of 1:50. Compared to Fe3+, Ce4+-chelated magnetic microspheres exhibited more selective isolation ability for concentrating phosphopeptides from complex mixtures. Even when the amount of the tryptic digest product of BSA is 50 times higher than that of beta-casein in the sample solution, the trace phosphopeptides derived from beta-casein can still be concentrated effectively by the Ce4+-chelated magnetic microspheres in only 30 s. Furthermore, we initially utilized the Ce4+-chelated magnetic microspheres to directly enrich phosphopeptides from human serum without extra purification steps or tedious treatment, which opens up a possibility for their further application in phosphoproteomics.
Metabolic Profiling of Patients with Schizophrenia (2006)

Kaddurah-Daouk discusses a new study that found that patients with schizophrenia have an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid composition. In half of the patients, the composition returned to normal with antipsychotic therapy.
Improving Visual Gaze Estimation by Saliency (2012)

In this paper we present a novel mechanism to obtain enhanced gaze estimation for subjects looking at a scene or an image. The system makes use of prior knowl- edge about the scene (e.g. an image on a computer screen), to define a probability map of the scene the subject is gaz- ing at, in order to find the most probable location. The pro- posed system helps in correcting the fixations which are er- roneously estimated by the gaze estimation device by em- ploying a saliency framework to adjust the resulting gaze point vector. The system is tested on three scenarios: using eye tracking data, enhancing a low accuracy webcam based eye tracker, and using a head pose tracker. The correlation between the subjects in the commercial eye tracking data is improved by an average of 13.91%. The correlation on the low accuracy eye gaze tracker is improved by 59.85%, and for the head pose tracker we obtain an improvement of 10.23%. These results show the potential of the system as a way to enhance and self-calibrate different visual gaze esti- mation systems.
NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION FOR PROJECT SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY (2006)

Project planning and scheduling when there are both resource constraints and uncertainty in task durations is an important and complex problem. There is a long history of work on deterministic resource-constrained project scheduling problems, but efforts directed at stochastic versions of that problem are fewer and more recent. Incorporating the ability to reallocate resources among tasks to change the characteristics of their duration probability distributions adds another important dimension to the problem, and enables integration of project planning and scheduling. Among the small number of previous works on this subject, there are two very different perspectives. Golenko-Ginzburg and Gonik (1997, 1998) have created a simulation-based approach that ?operates? the project through time and attempts to optimize locally regarding decisions on starting specific tasks at specific times. Turnquist and Nozick (2004) have formulated a nonlinear optimization model to plan resource allocations and schedule decisions a priori. This has the advantage of taking a global perspective on the project in making resource allocation decisions, but it is not adaptive to the experience with earlier tasks when making later decisions in the same way that the simulation approach is. Although the solution to their model produces a ?baseline schedule? (i.e., times when tasks are planned to start), the formulation puts much greater emphasis on resource allocation decisions. The paper by Turnquist and Nozick (2004) describes the problem formulation as a nonlinear optimization. For small problem instances (up to about 30 tasks), good solutions can be found using standard nonlinear programming packages(e.g., NPSOL). However, for larger problems, the standard packages often fail to find any solution in a reasonable amount of computational time. One major contribution of this dissertation is the development of a solution method that can solve larger problem instances efficiently and reliably. In this dissertation, we recommend using the partially augmented Lagrangian (PAL) method to solve the suggested nonlinear optimization. The test problems considered here include projects with up to 90 tasks, and solutions to the 90-task problems take about 2 minutes on a desktop PC. A second contribution of this dissertation is exploration of insights that can be gained through systematic variation of the basic parameters of the model formulation on a given problem. These insights have both computational and managerial implications for practical application of the model.
One-step pyrolysis method for the synthesis of highly efficient 3D hollow carbon nanostructure supported metallic catalysts (2009)

By using a one-step pyrolysis method, porous hollow carbon nanosphere supported PtRu catalysts are synthesized from the metallic salt-adsorbed hollow polymer (i.e. chitosan) nanosphere complex. The hollow polymer structure acts as both the template and the carbon precursor for the hollow structure fabrication, provides sites for dispersing metallic precursors and subsequent nucleation centers for catalyst deposition in the pyrolysis process. TEM, XRD, and XPS measurements show that formation of metallic nanoparticles and carbon support occurs simultaneously in the pyrolysis process, the resultant carbon nanospheres have porous hollow core-shell structure, and the loaded catalyst has high PtRu alloying degree. In addition, the present approach allows us to finely adjust the loading and bulk composition of PtRu particles by changing the concentration and atomic ratio of the metallic solutions for salt adsorption, and the particle size of PtRu can be well controlled to less than 10 nm. Electrochemical results show that the prepared catalyst (with 18.5%wt Pt and the atomic ratio of Pt/Ru = 1:1) shows high electrochemical activity and stability toward the oxidation of methanol, even outperforming the commercial PtRu/XC-72 (JM) catalyst. This excellent performance could be due to the unique structure of carbon nanostructure and the pyrolysis-method-induced high stability and alloying degree of the loaded metallic catalysts.
The fenugreek odor of <i>Lactarius helvus</i> (2000)

Lactarius helvus was investigated for volatile compounds by GC/MS. The volatile components proportion corresponds to 0.04% of dry weight. Thirty-eight components were identified. The major constituents were capric acid (25.6%), 3-amino-4,5-di-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (15.8%, [1]) and 2-methylbutyric acid (12.9%). 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (= sotolon, [2], 1.4%), the hydroxy furanone derivative molecule with the characteristic aroma of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds, is the key compound responsible for the fenugreek odor of L. helvus. Sotolon is widely used as an aroma component in food and tobacco industries due to its strong reminiscent odor.
Ultrathin Nanostructured Metals for Highly Transmissive Plasmonic Subtractive Color Filters (2013)

Plasmonic color filters employing a single optically-thick nanostructured metal layer have recently generated considerable interest as an alternative to colorant-based color filtering technologies, due to their reliability, ease of fabrication, and high color tunability. However, their relatively low transmission efficiency (~30%) needs to be significantly improved for practical applications. The present work reports, for the first time, a novel plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme that exploits the counter-intuitive phenomenon of extraordinary low transmission (ELT) through an ultrathin nanostructured metal film. This approach relies on a fundamentally different color filtering mechanism than that of existing plasmonic additive color filters, and achieves unusually high transmission efficiencies of 60 ~ 70% for simple architectures. Furthermore, owing to short-range interactions of surface plasmon polaritons at ELT resonances, our design offers high spatial resolution color filtering with compact pixel size close to the optical diffraction limit (~λ/2), creating solid applications ranging from imaging sensors to color displays.
Potential use of the alkaline comet assay as a predictor of bladder tumour response to radiation (2003)

Bladder tumours show a variable response to radiotherapy with only about 50% showing good local control; currently there is no test to predict outcome prior to treatment. We have used five bladder tumour cell lines (T24, UM-UC-3, TCC-SUP, RT112, HT1376) to investigate the potential of the alkaline comet assay (ACA) to predict radiosensitivity. Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair were compared to clonogenic survival. When the five cell lines were irradiated and initial DNA damage was plotted against cell survival, at all doses (0-6 Gy), a significant correlation was found (r2=0.9514). Following 4 Gy X-irradiation, all cell lines, except T24, showed a correlation between SF2 vs half-time for repair and SF2 vs residual damage at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. The T24 cell line showed radioresistance at low doses (0-2 Gy) and radiosensitivity at higher doses (4-6 Gy) using both cell survival and ACA end points, explaining the lack of correlation observed for this cell line. These data indicate that initial DNA damage and residual damage can be used to predict for radiosensitivity. Our data suggest that predictive tests of radiosensitivity, appropriate to the clinical situation, may require the use of test doses in the clinical range.
Imitierendes Schreiben (2007)

Die Teilnehmer eignen sich neue Stilmittel an, indem sie gelungene Texte nachahmen. Sie trainieren beispielsweise den Wechsel zwischen ausführlicher Schilderung und Zusammenfassung, wie er für Reportagen hilfreich ist. Oder sie ahmen einfach einen guten Sprachrhythmus nach. Diese Übung stärkt das schreiberische Selbstbewusstsein, es macht Mut, wenn die eigenen Texte plötzlich fast so gut klingen wie die von Kisch-Preisträgern oder Schriftstellern.
Attitude stabilization of a convertible mini birotor (2006)

This paper describes the vertical-flight mode of a novel unmanned air vehicle configuration designed to perform either vertical or forward flight. We present the mathematical model of the aircraft's attitude in vertical mode which is derived via the Euler-Lagrange formulation, followed by the control strategy, based on saturations. The control strategy is simple for embedded applications and it showed a good performance as is demonstrated in simulations and in realtime experiments.
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and bladder carcinoma metastasis by halofuginone. (1999)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays a critical role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Inhibitors of this enzyme effectively suppress tumor metastasis in experimental animals and are currently being tested in clinical trials. MMP-2 transcriptional regulation is a part of a delicate balance between the expression of various extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and ECM degrading enzymes. Halofuginone, a low-molecular-weight quinazolinone alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor of collagen type alpha1 (I) gene expression and ECM deposition. We now report that expression of the MMP-2 gene by murine (MBT2-t50) and human (5637) bladder carcinoma cells is highly susceptible to inhibition by halofuginone. Fifty percent inhibition was obtained in the presence of as little as 50 ng/ml halofuginone. This inhibition is due to an effect of halofuginone on the activity of the MMP-2 promoter, as indicated by a pronounced suppression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity driven by the MMP-2 promoter in transfected MBT2 cells. There was no effect on chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity driven by SV40 promoter in these cells. Halofuginone-treated cells failed to invade through reconstituted basement-membrane (Matrigel) coated filters, in accordance with the inhibition of MMP-2 gene expression. A marked reduction (80-90%) in the lung colonization of MBT2 bladder carcinoma cells was obtained after the i.v. inoculation of halofuginone-treated cells as compared with the high metastatic activity exhibited by control untreated cells. Under the same conditions, there was almost no effect of halofuginone on the rate of MBT2 cell proliferation. These results indicate that the potent antimetastatic activity of halofuginone is due primarily to a transcriptional suppression of the MMP-2 gene, which results in a decreased enzymatic activity, matrix degradation, and tumor cell extravasation. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of a drug that inhibits experimental metastasis through the inhibition of MMP-2 at the transcriptional level. Combined with its known inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis and ECM deposition, halofuginone is expected to exert a profound anticancerous effect by inhibiting both the primary tumor stromal support and metastatic spread.
Real-time Crowd Monitoring using Infrared Thermal Video Sequences (2012)

Monitoring people in a crowded environment is a critical task in civilian surveillance. Most vision-based counting techniques depend on detecting individuals in order to count their number. Counting becomes inefficient when it is required in real-time and when the crowd is dense. This paper proposes a novel technique for monitoring and estimating the density of crowd in real-time using infrared thermal video sequences. The research targets monitoring the crowd in Muslims' pilgrimage event (Hajj) while almost 3.0 million Muslims gather in Makkah to perform Hajj. During different Hajj phases the movement of the gathered Muslims is required at the same time from a place to another. Thus monitoring their crowd in real-time is crucial in order to take immediate decisions to prevent crowd disasters. A state of the art thermal camera has been acquired for the surveillance process. In addition, special software modules have been developed to analyze the captured thermographic video sequences in real-time. The results show high accuracy of the estimation of the crowd density in real-time. (Adnan Ghazi Abuarafah;Mohamed Osama Khoziumand EssamAbdRabouReal-time Crowd Monitoring using Infrared Thermal Video Sequences)Journal of American Science 2012; 8(3): 133-140).(ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.
Modulation of Macrophage Cytokine Production by ES-62, a Secreted Product of the Filarial Nematode <i>Acanthocheilonema viteae</i> (2001)

Parasite survival and host health may depend on the ability of the parasite to modulate the host immune response by the release of immunomodulatory molecules. Excretory-secretory (ES)-62, one such well-defined molecule, is a major secreted protein of the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, and has homologues in human filarial nematodes. Previously we have shown that ES-62 is exclusively associated with a Th2 Ab response in mice. Here we provide a rationale for this polarized immune response by showing that the parasite molecule suppresses the IFN-gamma/LPS-induced production, by macrophages, of bioactive IL-12 (p70), a key cytokine in the development of Th1 responses. This suppression of the induction of a component of the host immune response extends to the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, but not NO. The molecular mechanism underlying these findings awaits elucidation but, intriguingly, the initial response of macrophages to ES-62 is to demonstrate a low and transient release of these cytokines before becoming refractory to further release induced by IFN-gamma/LPS. The relevance of our observations is underscored by the finding that macrophages recovered from mice exposed to "physiological" levels of ES-62 by the novel approach of continuous release from implanted osmotic pumps in vivo were similarly refractory to release of IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-6, but not NO, ex vivo. Therefore, our results suggest that exposure to ES-62 renders macrophages subsequently unable to produce Th1/proinflammatory cytokines. This likely contributes to the generation of immune responses with an anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype, a well-documented feature of filarial nematode infection.
Effects of Applied Mechanical Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile Strain on the Flatband Voltage of (001), (110), and (111) Metal–Oxide–Silicon Capacitors (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The flatband-voltage shift of metal–oxide–silicon capacitors is investigated under the application of low-level stress (up to 220 MPa of biaxial stress and 380 MPa of uniaxial stress) to different substrate orientations. We propose that the flatband-voltage shift be modeled as the net effect of silicon-band-edge shifts and modulation of the separation between the band edge and the Fermi level under low levels of applied mechanical strain. For the (001) n-type substrate, a negative flatband-voltage shift is observed due mainly to the downward shift of the conduction-band edge, while a positive flatband-voltage shift is observed for the (001) p-type substrate due to the upward shift of the valence-band edge. For the uniaxial tensile strain on n-substrate capacitors for (110) and (111) substrates, the modulation of band-edge and Fermi-level separation by the conduction-band density of states exceeds the downward shift of the conduction band, which induces a positive flatband shift that is distinct from that observed in the (001) n-substrate. The shift of the band edges is determined by the proposed model and compared with theoretical calculations. </para>
Fusion Glycoprotein of Measles Virus: Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene and Comparison with Other Paramyxoviruses (1987)

The sequence of the fusion (F) glycoprotein mRNA of the Hallé strain of measles virus was determined from a cDNA clone representing the entire length of the mRNA. It contained 2384 nucleotides, excluding poly(A), with a 5' consensus sequence typical of paramyxoviruses and a 3' terminus found in measles virus mRNAs. The coding sequence was preceded by an unusually long (580 nucleotide) 5' non-translated region, which contained 44% cytosine. The longest open reading frame coded for a polypeptide of 553 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 59.84 K. Comparison of the sequence with that of the Edmonston strain of measles virus showed that the gene is highly conserved. No amino acid differences were observed between the two strains. The F polypeptide had three regions of high hydrophobicity: an N-terminal signal peptide, the N-terminus of F1 and a C-terminal membrane-spanning region. The four potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites (one in the signal peptide) were all in the F2 subunit. Comparison of the measles virus F amino acid sequence with other paramyxoviruses revealed homologies with these viruses. Certain regions such as the N terminus of F1 and ten cysteine residues which probably impose structural restraints were highly conserved.
Lithospheric strength and intraplate seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (1997)

A simple hypothesis is proposed to explain the occurrence of localized zones of tectonic deformation and seismicity within intraplate regions subjected to relatively uniform far‐field tectonic stresses. In most intraplate regions (especially continental shield areas and old oceanic basins), temperatures in the lower crust and upper mantle are quite low so that the upper mantle is cold and strong. In these regions, significant lithospheric deformation does not occur because the cumulative strength of the lithosphere far exceeds the magnitude of plate‐driving forces. If lower crust and upper mantle temperatures are relatively high, however, plate‐driving forces are largely supported by the upper crust because the lower crust and upper mantle are relatively weak. In this case, the regions can deform relatively rapidly because the cumulative strength of the lithosphere is comparable in magnitude to that of the forces acting on the lithosphere. In this paper, we apply this hypothesis to the New Madrid seismic zone and the surrounding central and eastern United States. Within the seismic zone, the heat flow appears to be slightly elevated (about 60 mW/m 2 ) relative to the background regional value of 45 mW/m 2 . Calculated crustal geotherms and laboratory‐derived ductile flow laws suggest that the lower crust and upper mantle are sufficiently weak within the seismic zone that intraplate stresses are largely transmitted through the upper crust and deformation can occur at relatively rapid rates for this intraplate area. In marked contrast, in the surrounding area where the heat flow is relatively low, cumulative lithospheric strength appears to far exceed the plate‐driving force, and the tectonic stress is carried in both the crust and upper mantle. Thus the marked contrast in seismicity between the seismic zone and the surrounding area appears largely because of heat flow and whether or not the lower crust and upper mantle support an appreciable fraction of the plate‐driving forces.
Investigation of relationship between interfacial electroadhesive force and surface texture (2015)

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