gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force Distribution on Catalysts During Converter Assembly (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Thinwall substrates used in modern catalytic converters are more sensitive to assembly and operating forces. Various converter assembly processes are characterized using real time force transducer technology. The force distribution data from these assembly methods are presented. The analysis of this data leads to recommendations for packaging of converters depending on catalyst strength.</div>
How sensitive is PCR-SSCP? (1993)

Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) is a rapid method for detection of minor sequence changes in polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Since the first reported use of SSCP in 1989 (Orita et al., 1989), this technique has been used widely to detect mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes responsible for genetic diseases. Published mutations that have been detected using this technique include base substitutions, small insertions and deletions, and rearrangements. This technique has also been applied for the detection of DNA polymorphisms at various loci of the human genome (reviewed by Hayashi, 1991; Hayashi, 1993). However, many factors can influence the sensitivity of SSCP, and its optimization is highly empirical. In this review, we estimate the percentage of mutations that can be detected by this technique under various controlled conditions, and describe some critical elements affecting sensitivity.
The toroidal neural networks (2002)

In this paper we present the toroidal neural networks (TNN), a new class of neural network derived from discrete time-cellular neural networks (DT-CNN). TNN are characterized by 2D toroidal topology with local connections, by binary outputs and by a simple equation describing the dynamic of neuron states; binary outputs are obtained comparing initial and final states. Due to the expression of state dynamic, TNN learning has a very appealing geometric interpretation: a transformation, specified by means of a training input sequence, is represented through a polyhedron in the TNN weight space. Along with the definition and theory of TNN, we present a learning algorithm which, for a given transformation expressed by means of a training sequence, gives the set of TNN weights (if existing) which exactly implement the transformation: such a set of weights is a point belonging to the polyhedron representing the training sequence. Furthermore, the algorithm gives the exact minimal spatial locality characterizing the problem; in order to reduce the number of TNN weights, a heuristic is used to try to move neuron connectivity from the spatial to the temporal dimension.
Experimental evidence for a neural origin of Ewing's sarcoma of bone. (1987)

The histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested a relationship to an unusual form of childhood neural tumor, often termed peripheral neuroepithelioma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Five Ewing's sarcoma tumor cell lines were studied for evidence of a neural phenotype. Under normal culture conditions, no morphologic evidence of neural differentiation was detected. Treatment with retinoic acid, an agent known to induce marked neural differentiation in neuroblastoma, had no demonstrable effect. Treatment with either cyclic AMP or TPA, in contrast, induced pronounced morphologic evidence of neural differentiation. Cells developed elongate processes with varicosities by phase-contrast microscopy; filaments, microtubules, and uraniffin-positive dense core granules were present by electron microscopy. Three neural markers (NSE, NFTP, and cholinesterase) were absent or barely detectable in untreated cells, but became abundant after treatment. These results provide convincing evidence for a neural histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. They also suggest a close relationship between Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neural tumors, including the chest wall tumor described by Askin, but only a distant relationship to neuroblastoma.
Specificity of the latex test for cryptococcal antigen: a rapid, simple method for eliminating interference factors (1982)

An enzymatic method involving a protease (pronase) for the elimination of interference factors in the latex test for cryptococcal antigen was developed and compared with dithiothreitol treatment. The two were equivalent in their ability to remove interference factors; however, the enzymatic method generally yielded higher titers. The method is simple, requires only 20 min, and makes the latex test for cryptococcal antigen specific.
Transcription of adenovirus and HeLa cell genes in the presence of drugs that inhibit topoisomerase I and II function (1990)

The requirements for topoisomerases in transcription of adenovirus and HeLa cell genes were analyzed using drugs that specifically inhibit either topoisomerases I or II. Cleavage of viral DNA by topoisomerases in the presence of either camptothecin or VM26 was used to determine drug concentrations that led to maximal inhibition of ligation in the cleavage and ligation step of topoisomerase I or II respectively. Inhibition of topoisomerase II with VM26 did not cause a direct reduction in transcription of adenoviral genes or HeLa cell heat shock genes. VM26 did, however, interfere with other cellular processes. It reduced nucleoside uptake into HeLa cells from the medium, and it altered the normal nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of specific RNAs. Treatment of cells with camptothecin to inhibit topoisomerase I reduced but did not abolish transcription of viral and HeLa cell genes. Transcription mediated by both RNA polymerases I and II was reduced. Topoisomerase II did not appear to substitute for topoisomerase I in transcription since treatment of cells with VM26 and camptothecin did not reduce transcript accumulation relative to cells treated with camptothecin alone.
Removal of contrast media by different extracorporeal treatments (2001)

We conclude that HDF and High-HD remove contrast media more effectively than Low-HD and HF during the time of each treatment session. However, whether this is also true for the overall elimination of contrast media by these different procedures needs to be addressed in future studies, by a precise assessment of the drug time course after the session.
An algorithm for point clustering and grid generation (1991)

A special-purpose point clustering algorithm is described, and its application to automatic grid generation, a technique used to solve partial differential equations, is considered. Extensions of techniques common in computer vision and pattern recognition literature are used to partition points into a set of enclosing rectangles. Examples from 2-D calculations are shown, but the algorithm generalizes readily to three dimensions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Corrosion-assisted cracking of duplex stainless steels in suction roll applications (1994)

Corrosion-assisted cracking of suction rolls is a worldwide pulp and paper industry concern despite the great strides in identifying more resistant materials. The authors have examined various tests to assess their use in predicting the susceptibility of suction roll alloys with known service performance. Under conditions of high mean stress and low pH, near-threshold fatigue crack growth testing discriminates among the several materials in approximately the same ranking as their service performance characteristics would have predicted.
Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge for Blockchain: A Survey (2020)

We survey the state-of-the-art non-interactive zero-knowledge argument schemes and their applications in confidential transactions and private smart contracts on blockchain. The main goal of this paper is to serve as a reference for blockchain application developers in finding the most suitable scheme for a particular use case. We give an overview and compare the state-of-the-art protocols for confidential transactions and private smart contracts regarding the protection of the transaction graph and amounts, data and functionality. However, our main focus is on state-of-the-art zero-knowledge argument schemes. We briefly describe their backgrounds, proof lengths and computational complexities and discuss their cryptographic security models. Our focus is on seminal, otherwise notable and, especially, implemented methods that are ready to be applied in practice. We also survey the existing implementations of transforming computations into circuit representations required by those methods. We note that the existing schemes have different strengths and drawbacks regarding usability, setup, proof length and proving and verification costs.
Automatic feature detection and correspondence in a stereo-vision application (2002)

This paper describes the detection of artificially planted markers in intraoperative stereo-images. The objective was to detect these markers and match them between stereo-images so that camera calibration could be used to reconstruct their location and orientation in three dimensions. As the markers were rigidly attached to vertebrae, this allowed surgeons to monitor and record corrections made to scoliotic spines during surgery. A model-based system with multiple templates was implemented for feature detection. The three aspects of template matching-similarity measures, template design and decision criteria were investigated. This included an assessment of different cross-correlation measures. Templates, designed using two image properties-gray levels and edges, were organised in a tree structure for each property. Results and accuracy of detection on real operating room images are presented.
The blockade of Fc receptor-mediated clearance of immune complexes <i>in vivo</i> by a monoclonal antibody (2.4G2) directed against Fc receptors on murine leukocytes. (1984)

To evaluate the feasibility of using a monoclonal anti-Fc receptor antibody to alter Fc receptor function in vivo, the disappearance of radiolabeled human serum albumin-rabbit anti-human serum albumin (HSA-anti-HSA) complexes was studied in mice before and after the infusion of 2.4G2, a monoclonal antibody (developed by J. Unkeless). 2.4G2 specifically binds to Fc receptors on mouse macrophages. Under standardized conditions, 6.1% of an i.v. administered dose of anti-HSA was sequestered in the liver of B6/D2J mice. When HSA-anti-HSA complexes were administered, 53.4% were sequestered. If 8 micrograms/g body weight of 2.4G2 was infused i.p. 1.5 hr before HSA-anti-HSA, only 13.7% of the infused complexes were sequestered in the liver. The inhibition in Fc receptor-mediated sequestration produced by this dose of antibody persisted for at least 24 hr. A dose of 1 to 2 micrograms/g was sufficient to inhibit sequestration by 50%. Animals receiving daily injections of 2.4G2 cleared immune complexes from their blood much more slowly than untreated animals. Because 2.4G2 was not cytotoxic to peritoneal macrophages in vitro in the presence of serum, and because comparable inhibition of Fc receptor function was observed in vivo in C5-deficient mice, blockade of function does not depend upon complement-mediated lysis of macrophages. The maximal degree of inhibition of Fc receptor function obtained by using intact 2.4G2 was about twice that observed by using Fab fragments of 2.4G2 to block receptors. In addition to its effect on Fc receptor function, 2.4G2 also had a small but significant inhibitory effect upon the clearance of 125I-labeled heat-aggregated HSA by the mononuclear phagocyte system both in intact and C5-deficient mice. We conclude that 2.4G2 is a potent inhibitor of IgG Fc receptor-mediated immune clearance in vivo.
Comparison of parallel MRI reconstruction methods for accelerated 3D fast spin‐echo imaging (2008)

Parallel MRI (pMRI) achieves imaging acceleration by partially substituting gradient-encoding steps with spatial information contained in the component coils of the acquisition array. Variable-density subsampling in pMRI was previously shown to yield improved two-dimensional (2D) imaging in comparison to uniform subsampling, but has yet to be used routinely in clinical practice. In an effort to reduce acquisition time for 3D fast spin-echo (3D-FSE) sequences, this work explores a specific nonuniform sampling scheme for 3D imaging, subsampling along two phase-encoding (PE) directions on a rectilinear grid. We use two reconstruction methods-2D-GRAPPA-Operator and 2D-SPACE RIP-and present a comparison between them. We show that high-quality images can be reconstructed using both techniques. To evaluate the proposed sampling method and reconstruction schemes, results via simulation, phantom study, and in vivo 3D human data are shown. We find that fewer artifacts can be seen in the 2D-SPACE RIP reconstructions than in 2D-GRAPPA-Operator reconstructions, with comparable reconstruction times.
Accumulation of Intermediates of the Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase Pathway for Phosphonate Degradation in <i>phn</i> Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2009)

The catabolism of phosphonic acids occurs in Escherichia coli by the carbon-phosphorus lyase pathway, which is governed by the 14-cistron phn operon. Here, several compounds are shown to accumulate in strains of E. coli with genetic blocks in various phn cistrons when the strains are fed with phosphonate.
WATER RIGHTS IN CALIFORNIA (1967)

ABSTRACT The paper defines a water right and discusses the origin, description and relationship of riparian rights, appropriative rights, overlying rights, pueblo rights, prescriptive rights and rights to spring water and return flows as recognized in California. It reviews the objectives and physical criteria on which administration of water rights in California is based and describes the administrative body, then outlines the procedures in regard to appropriation of water and determination of existing rights. It discusses watermaster service and water use recordation as practiced in California, and mentions Federal‐State relationships, including the “reservation principle” asserted by the Federal Government. It concludes with observations of the deficiencies in the California system.
Multi-camera recognition of people operating home medical devices (2010)

We perform action recognition with a robust approach to recognize action information based on explicitly encoding motion information. This algorithm detects interest points and encodes not only their local appearance but also explicitly models local motion. Our goal is to recognize individual human actions in the operations of a home medical device to see if the patient has correctly performed the required actions. Using a specific infusion pump as a test case, requiring 22 operation steps from 6 action classes, our resulting classifier fused information from 4 cameras, to obtain an average class recognition exceeding 50%.
The OEEPE Test on Integrated Sensor Orientation - Results of Phase I (2001)

The European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE) has embarked on a test investigating integrated sensor orientation using GPS and IMU in comparison and in combination with aerial triangulation. The test consists of two phases. The first phase comprises the system calibration and the determination of the exterior orientation parameters. The second phase deals with the integration of the GPS/IMU data into the bundle block adjustment, i. e. the integrated sensor orientation itself. 13 test participants processed the distributed data and returned their results. In this paper we shortly describe the test setup and report about the results of phase I. The accuracy potential of direct georeferencing for 1:5000 imagery was found to lie at approximately 5-10 cm in planimetry and 10 – 15 cm in height in object space and at 15 - 20 μm in image space. The most important finding is the fact that direct georeferencing has proven to be a serious alternative to conventional bundle adjustment and currently allows for the generation of orthophotos and other applications with less stringent accuracy requirements. However, stereo plotting is not yet possible due to the relatively large remaining y-parallaxes. Future developments in the areas of GPS and IMU sensors and data processing will probably also reduce this problem. The best results in terms of accuracy and in particular in terms of reliability are expected from an intergration of GPS/IMU data into the bundle adjustment
Mbd3, a component of the NuRD co-repressor complex, is required for development of pluripotent cells (2007)

Mbd3 is a core component of the NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling and Histone Deacetylation) co-repressor complex, and NuRD-mediated silencing has been implicated in cell fate decisions in a number of contexts. Mbd3-deficient embryonic stem (ES) cells made by gene targeting are viable but fail to form a stable NuRD complex, are severely compromised in the ability to differentiate, and show LIF-independent self-renewal. Mbd3 is known to be essential for postimplantation embryogenesis in mice, but the function of Mbd3 in vivo has not previously been addressed. Here we show that the inner cell mass (ICM) of Mbd3-deficient blastocysts fails to develop into mature epiblast after implantation. Unlike Mbd3-null ES cells, Mbd3-deficient ICMs grown ex vivo fail to expand their Oct4-positive, pluripotent cell population despite producing robust endoderm outgrowths. Additionally, we identify a set of genes showing stage-specific expression in ICM cells during preimplantation development, and show that Mbd3 is required for proper gene expression patterns in pre- and peri-implantation embryos and in ES cells. These results demonstrate the importance of Mbd3/NuRD for the development of pluripotent cells in vivo and for their ex vivo progression into embryonic stem cells, and highlight the differences between ES cells and the ICM cells from which they are derived.
Bioorthogonal site-specific labeling of the 5′-cap structure in eukaryotic mRNAs (2014)

We present a chemo-enzymatic approach for site-specific labeling of 5'-capped RNAs based on bioorthogonal chemistry. A trimethylguanosine synthase was engineered to transfer a terminal azido moiety to the 5'-cap which could be further modified using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
Regulation of HIV-Gag Expression and Targeting to the Endolysosomal/Secretory Pathway by the Luminal Domain of Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein (LAMP-1) Enhance Gag-Specific Immune Response (2014)

We have previously demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding HIV-p55gag in association with the lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) elicited a greater Gag-specific immune response, in comparison to a DNA encoding the native gag. In vitro studies have also demonstrated that LAMP/Gag was highly expressed and was present in MHCII containing compartments in transfected cells. In this study, the mechanisms involved in these processes and the relative contributions of the increased expression and altered traffic for the enhanced immune response were addressed. Cells transfected with plasmid DNA constructs containing p55gag attached to truncated sequences of LAMP-1 showed that the increased expression of gag mRNA required p55gag in frame with at least 741 bp of the LAMP-1 luminal domain. LAMP luminal domain also showed to be essential for Gag traffic through lysosomes and, in this case, the whole sequence was required. Further analysis of the trafficking pathway of the intact LAMP/Gag chimera demonstrated that it was secreted, at least in part, associated with exosome-like vesicles. Immunization of mice with LAMP/gag chimeric plasmids demonstrated that high expression level alone can induce a substantial transient antibody response, but targeting of the antigen to the endolysosomal/secretory pathways was required for establishment of cellular and memory response. The intact LAMP/gag construct induced polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response, which presence at the time of immunization was required for CD8+ T cell priming. LAMP-mediated targeting to endolysosomal/secretory pathway is an important new mechanistic element in LAMP-mediated enhanced immunity with applications to the development of novel anti-HIV vaccines and to general vaccinology field.
Molecular structure of an A‐DNA decamer d(ACCGGCCGGT) (1989)

The molecular structure of the DNA decamer d(ACCGGCCGGT) has been solved and refined by single-crystal X-ray-diffraction analysis at 0.20 nm to a final R-factor of 18.0%. The decamer crystallizes as an A-DNA double helical fragment with unit-cell dimensions of a = b = 3.923 nm and c = 7.80 nm in the space group P6(1)22. The overall conformation of this A-DNA decamer is very similar to that of the fiber model for A-DNA which has a large average base-pair tilt and hence a wide and shallow minor groove. This structure is in contrast to that of several A-DNA octamers in which the molecules all have low base-pair-tilt angles (8-12 degrees) resulting in an appearance intermediate between B-DNA and A-DNA. The average helical parameters of this decamer are typical of A-DNA with 10.9 base pairs/turn of helix, an average helical twist angle of 33.1 degrees, and a base-pair-tilt angle of 18.2 degrees. However, the CpG step in this molecule has a low local-twist angle of 24.5 degrees, similar to that seen in other A-DNA oligomers, and therefore appears to be an intrinsic stacking pattern for this step. The molecules pack in the crystal using a recurring binding motif, namely, the terminal base pair of one helix abuts the surface of the shallow minor groove of another helix. In addition, the GC base pairs have large propeller-twist angles, unlike those found most other A-DNA structures.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Neuropsychiatric Sequelae (2012)

The post–September 11, 2001 wars in and around Afghanistan and Iraq have increased awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly blast-induced mild TBI. This article provides an overview of TBI and its neuropsychiatric sequelae in U.S. war veterans who participated in the current operations in and around Afghanistan and Iraq, with particular emphasis on blast-related mild TBI. Psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder, pain, and sensory impairments are prevalent in war veterans with TBI. Research is needed to more definitively characterize the epidemiology of TBI-related functional difficulties, the effects of blasts compared with other mechanisms of injury, recovery trajectories, and treatment outcomes in this population.
Analog modulation of 1.55-μm vertical-cavity lasers (1999)

We analyze the performance of InP/GaAs fused 1.55 micrometers vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs) under analog modulation. Our VCLs employ a strain-compensated InGaAsP/InP multi-quantum well (MQW) active region sandwiched between two AlGaAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. The first AlGaAs layer of the p-doped top mirror is laterally oxidized for optical and electrical confinement. These devices exhibit the lowest threshold current as well as the highest temperature of continuous-wave operation of any electrically pumped long- wavelength VCL. Two different device designs are investigated and compared. Reduction of the MQW barrier strain and enhancement of the optical index guiding by the oxide layer lead to an improvement of VCL performance. However, parasitic effects limit the modulation bandwidth. Higher order harmonic distortion is measured and simulated using a rate equation model. The model includes a non-linear gain function, gain compression, spontaneous emission and Auger recombination as well as carrier density dependent absorption in the quantum wells which reduces the differential gain. The good agreement between measurement and simulation indicates that electron-photon interaction within the quantum wells dominates the non-linear distortion. Multiple higher order response peaks are measured and reproduced by the model.