gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical lime treatment for containment of source zone energetics contamination (2003)

Energetic compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and their degradation products can act as a source of contamination for soil on Department of Defense testing and training ranges. Base hydrolysis degrades nitroaromatics and nitramines, and the potential effectiveness of lime to induce this reaction has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale. The objective of this research was to further examine both basic and applied aspects of alkaline application as an inexpensive and effective means of reducing source-zone contamination on military ranges. Bench-scale microcosms were used to examine basic conditions that could affect the alkaline hydrolysis reaction, such as soil organic matter content, lime concentration, soil type, and contamination type. Results from experiments using soil from a variety of ammunition production facilities and training ranges, in general, support the use of explosive contaminant treatment by alkaline material in well-mixed systems. RDX in crystalline form was more resistant to treatment, possibly due to limitations associated with the dissolution of the RDX from the crystal to the aqueous phase. Larger-scale experiments, conducted in vessels packed with approximately 55 kg of soil, were used to investigate topical versus well-mixed applications of three alkaline materials (hydrated lime, quicklime, and Class C fly ash). TNT, RDX, and HMX in the mixed system were removed quickly from both the leachate and soil. However, results from experiments with topical applications of alkali material indicated that the aqueous transport of hydroxide ion was not sufficient to overcome the buffering capacity of the soil. Consequently, the soil pH was not raised to the extent necessary for alkaline treatment of explosive compounds. This result is fundamentally related to the CEC properties of the soil and is consequently considered a soil specific (and therefore site specific) result.
An Approach to Tune Fuzzy Controllers Based on Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Control (2005)

In this paper, we suggest a new approach for tuning parameters of fuzzy controllers based on reinforcement learning. The architecture of the proposed approach is comprised of a Q estimator network (QEN) and a Takagi-Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system (TSK-FIS). Unlike other fuzzy Q-learning approaches that select an optimal action based on finite discrete actions, the proposed controller obtains the control output directly from TSK-FIS. With the proposed architecture, the learning algorithms for all the parameters of the QEN and the FIS are developed based on the temporal-difference (TD) methods as well as the gradient-descent algorithm. The performance of the proposed design technique is illustrated by simulation studies of a vehicle longitudinal-control system.
Phosphate Diffusion to Plant Roots (1962)

Abstract Diffusion of phosphate appears to account for the observed rates of P uptake by corn roots. A diffusion equation was developed which takes into consideration the effect of plant removal of P on the relationship between solution P and solid phase P, in addition to the tortuosity and ionic interaction factors of the porous system. The equation has the same form as the heat flow equation, hence solutions of the latter can be applied to describe phosphate diffusion in soils.
Analysis of Superposed Moiré Patterns in Halftone Screen (1990)

Abstract In the multicolor printing process, moiré patterns appear in a printed image due to the superposition of two or more screens. This is called superposed moiré and is distinguished from the moiré that appears in the sampling or modulating process. It is necessary to suppress this kind of moiré as well as other kinds. However, the fundamental properties of the superposed moiré, such as their shapes and amplitude, has not been analyzed in detail. Therefore, suppression of the superposed moiré have not yet been considered. This paper proposes an analytical method to determine the fundamental properties of the superposed moiré. This method can estimate the frequency, direction, profile and amplitude caused by arbitrary halftone, screen‐dot functions.
Antiepileptics Topiramate and Levetiracetam Alleviate Behavioral Deficits and Reduce Neuropathology in <scp>APP</scp>swe/<scp>PS</scp>1dE9 Transgenic Mice (2013)

Therefore, TPM and LEV might have the potential to treat AD effectively in patient care.
X-ray image classification using Random Forests with Local Binary Patterns (2010)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the efficient classification of X-ray images to enhance the accuracy and performance. As for describing the characteristics of X-ray image, new Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is employed that allows simple and efficient feature extraction for texture information. To achieve fast and accurate classification task, Random Forests that is decision tree based ensemble classifier is applied. Comparing with other feature descriptors and classifiers, the testing results show that the proposed method improves accuracy, especially the speed for either training or testing.
Antibodies against Mycobacterial Antigens in the Synovial Fluid of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (2000)

In the absence of active pulmonary disease, mycobacterial infection frequently causes arthritis and can be considered to initiate autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a disease in which pain and impaired mandibular movement appear to arise directly from degenerative or inflammatory changes within the temporomandibular joint, but its precise pathogeny has not been elucidated. Here we examined whether mycobacterial infection is related to the pathology of TMD. The antibody levels against mycobacterial antigen in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with TMD were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six of 17 TMD patients (35%) were found to possess mycobacterial antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G but not IgM, while the six healthy volunteers possessed neither. Western-blot analysis was used to isolate the reacted antigen, and the IgG reacted strongly to 44-kDa antigen. The first 14 N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined, and computer analysis revealed that it was homologous to translational elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was a major target antigen for these antibodies. The 44-kDa protein of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) was identical with the EF-Tu of M. tuberculosis. We cloned the gene encoding the EF-Tu of BCG by using the synthesized oligonucleotide primers by means of polymerase chain-reaction. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified, and the antibody levels against this recombinant protein in the SF of TMD patients were assessed by ELISA. Our findings suggest that some cases of TMD are concerned with the synovial IgG against the EF-Tu of M. tuberculosis, and that the existence of the antibody is a clinical indication of TMD.
Evidence That the α-Effects in Methyl Transfers from Aryldimethylsulfonium Salts Correlate with Single-Electron-Transfer Characteristics (1997)

The ability of the anions of N-methylbenzohydroxamic acids to demonstrate the α-effect in methyl transfers from aryldimethylsulfonium salts correlates with the ability of these salts to demonstrate single-electron (SET) character in electrochemical experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Weakly Agglomerated Nanocrystalline Scandia‐Stabilized Zirconia. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Loretta Lux: New Work (2004)

Pharmacological treatment should be limited to those patients who suffer from clinically relevant RLS, that is, when symptoms impair the patient's quality of life, daytime functioning, social functioning or sleep. Treatment on demand is a clinical need in some RLS patients, and medications include carbidopa/levodopa, pramipexole, ropinirole, oxycodone, methadone, codeine and tramadol. Chronic RLS should be treated with either a nonergot dopamine agonist or an α-2-δ calcium channel ligand. A dopamine agonist is a more appropriate choice in the presence of depression and overweight. As α-2-δ ligands can alleviate chronic pain and may be helpful in treating anxiety and insomnia, the presence of any of these comorbidities may favor their use. For RLS present through much of the day and night, the use of long-acting agents, such as the rotigotine patch or gabapentin enacarbil should be considered. In refractory RLS, oral prolonged release oxycodone-naloxone should be considered.
Effect of Composition on the Oxygen Tracer Diffusion in Transparent Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) Ceramics (1996)

The grain boundary structure and oxygen tracer diffusion in transparent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics varying from 2% excess of Y 2 O 3 to 0.5% excess of Al 2 O 3 were studied. The characterization of the specimens is as follows: (i) For the Y 2 O 3 ‐excess specimen, a second phase (yttrium aluminum perovskite: YAP) containing silicon in the grain boundary was found, (ii) For the Al 2 O 3 ‐excess specimen, both aluminum‐rich particles (alumina) and a silicon‐rich segregant layer were observed in the grain boundary. The volume diffusion of the oxygen tracer is little influenced by the excess composition. In contrast, the grain boundary diffusion of the oxygen tracer is suppressed in the Y 2 O 3 ‐excess specimens, compared to Al 2 O 3 ‐excess specimens. These differences are thought to result from the chemical reaction between the second phase and the intergranular liquid phase during the sintering.
The 2006-07 budget and family policy (2017)

Pre-budget statements by the Prime Minister and other leading politicians aroused hopes that the 2006–07 budget would favour families with children. These expectations were not realised. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Virulence Factors of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1991)

Helicobacter pylori can be considered a very successful organism effectively colonizing the majority of the world's population. Although various disease states associated with this infection have been described, the mechanisms of pathogenicity remain unknown. The easiest virulence factors to identify are those enabling the organism to colonize the hazardous microenvironment of the gastric epithelium, survive at this site, and multiply sufficiently for transmission to a new host. The factors identified to date include the bacterial enzymes urease and catalase, flagella, and lectin-like adhesins. In addition, it is proposed that the organism has evolved mechanisms to avoid the local antibody responses of the host. Several putative virulence factors that could directly cause gastroduodenal damage have also been identified. These include the direct tissue damage by cytotoxins or the products of urease activity and the indirect tissue damage due to disruption of mucin integrity. Such mechanisms may contribute to peptic ulcer formation; however, the chronic superficial gastritis most frequently associated with this infection is probably caused by immunopathologic events mediated by the host in response to the continued antigen load on the gastric mucosa.
Reduction of aluminum ion neurotoxicity through a small peptide application – NAP treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in late life. It is difficult to precisely diagnose AD at early stages, making biomarker search essential for further developments. The objective of this study was to identify protein biomarkers associated with aluminum ions toxicity (AD-like toxicity) in a human neuroblastoma cell model, SH-SY5Y and assess potential prevention by NAP (NAPVSIPQ). Complete proteomic techniques were implemented. Four proteins were identified as up-regulated with aluminum ion treatment, CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor (CTIF), Early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 4 (LRRN4) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta (PI3KR2). Of these four proteins, EEA1 and PI3KR2 were down-regulated after NAP-induced neuroprotective activity in neuroblastoma cells. Thus, aluminum ions may increase the risk for neurotoxicity in AD, and the use of NAP is suggested as a treatment to provide additional protection against the effects of aluminum ions, via EEA1 and PI3KR2, associated with sorting and processing of the AD amyloid precursor protein (APP) through the endosomal system.
Cumulative and irreversible cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction induced by doxorubicin. (2001)

Interference with mitochondrial calcium regulation is proposed to be a primary causative event in the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. We previously reported disruption of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis after chronic doxorubicin administration (Solen et al. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 129: 214-222, 1994). The present study was designed to characterize the dose-dependent and cumulative interference with mitochondrial calcium regulation and to assess the reversibility of this functional lesion. Sprague Dawley rats were treated with 2 mg/kg/week doxorubicin s.c. for 4-8 weeks. With succinate as substrate, cardiac mitochondria isolated from rats after 4 weeks of treatment with doxorubicin expressed a lower calcium loading capacity compared with control. This suppression of calcium loading capacity increased with successive doses to 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05) and persisted for 5 weeks after the last doxorubicin injection, and was corroborated by dose-dependent and irreversible histopathological changes. Preincubation of mitochondria with tamoxifen, DTT, or monobromobimane did not reverse the diminished calcium loading capacity caused by doxorubicin. In contrast, incubation with cyclosporin A abolished any discernible difference in mitochondrial calcium loading capacity between doxorubicin-treated and saline-treated rats. The decrease in cardiac mitochondrial calcium loading capacity was not attributable to bioenergetic changes in the electron transport chain, because the mitochondrial coupling efficiency was not altered by doxorubicin treatment. However, the ADP/ATP translocase content was significantly lower in mitochondria from rats that received 8 weeks of doxorubicin treatment. These data indicate that doxorubicin treatment in vivo causes a dose-dependent and irreversible decrease in mitochondrial calcium loading capacity. Suppression of adenine nucleotide translocase content may be a key factor altering the calcium-dependent regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which may account for the cumulative and irreversible loss of myocardial function in patients receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy.
MOEMS laser tuning element with an indirect drive (2006)

A tuning element for a Littrow external cavity laser combining a vertically etched blazed grating and linear and rotary tuning actuators is demonstrated. Extended tuning is achieved using an indirect drive via a flexure
Inhibition kinetics of chain-breaking phenolic antioxidants in SDS micelles. Evidence that intermicellar diffusion rates may be rate-limiting for hydrophobic inhibitors such as .alpha.-tocopherol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition kinetics of chain-breaking phenolic antioxidants in SDS micelles. Evidence that intermicellar diffusion rates may be rate-limiting for hydrophobic inhibitors such as .alpha.-tocopherolLaurence. Castle and M. John. PerkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6381–6382Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (323 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA family shuffling of hyperthermostable β-glycosidases (2002)

The structural compatibility of two hyperthermostable family 1 glycoside hydrolases, Pyrococcus furiosus CelB and Sulfolobus solfataricus LacS, as well as their kinetic potential were studied by construction of a library of 2048 hybrid beta-glycosidases using DNA family shuffling. The hybrids were tested for their thermostability, ability to hydrolyse lactose and sensitivity towards inhibition by glucose. Three screening rounds at 70 degrees C led to the isolation of three high-performance hybrid enzymes (hybrid 11, 18 and 20) that had 1.5-3.5-fold and 3.5-8.6-fold increased lactose hydrolysis rates compared with parental CelB and LacS respectively. The three variants were the result of a single crossover event, which gave rise to hybrids with a LacS N-terminus and a main CelB sequence. Constructed three-dimensional models of the hybrid enzymes revealed that the catalytic (betaalpha)(8)-barrel was composed of both LacS and CelB elements. In addition, an extra intersubunit hydrogen bond in hybrids 18 and 20 might explain their superior stability over hybrid 11. This study demonstrates that extremely thermostable enzymes with limited homology and different mechanisms of stabilization can be efficiently shuffled to form stable hybrids with improved catalytic features.
Scattered search space scheme for PDCCH and ePDCCH in LTE-advanced (2015)

The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the LTE system could not support the new features introduced in the LTE-Advanced system such as Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP), and Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC). Thus, enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (ePDCCH) evolved in LTE-Advanced to fulfill the new requirements and avoid the PDCCH problems. But one problem remained unsolved which is the low throughput due to the high blocking probability of the search space allocation scheme. This paper shows a scattered scheme for search space allocation to reduce the blocking probability and offer more throughput in the control channels PDCCH or ePDCCH. The scheme pivots on the idea of scattering the PDCCH candidates to be allocated in a non-contiguous manner. Simulation results showed a remarkable improvement in the blocking probability. The decrease in the blocking probability achieved by the proposed scheme will affect the total throughput of the system as control channels have a direct impact on data transmission and reception throughput.
Cloning and site-directed mutagenesis of human ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase. (1993)

Mono-ADP-ribosylation of arginine is a reversible modification of proteins with NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases catalyzing the opposing reactions in the cycle. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases differ in their dithiothreitol (DTT) requirements. Rat and mouse hydrolases require DTT for maximal activity, but calf, guinea pig, and human hydrolases are DTT-independent. To define the molecular basis for these differences, brain ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases were cloned. Deduced amino acid sequences of mouse and rat hydrolases were 94% identical with 5 conserved cysteines. The human hydrolase sequence was 83% identical to that of rat but contained only 4 cysteines with cysteine 108 in rat corresponding to serine 103 in human. To investigate the role of rat cysteine 108, human and rat wild-type hydrolases and mutants, in which serine 103 in human was replaced by cysteine (S103C) and cysteine 108 in rat was replaced by serine (C108S), were expressed in Escherichia coli. Affinity-purified anti-rat brain hydrolase antibodies reacted with recombinant wild-type rat hydrolase, but only weakly with the C108S mutant. They did not react with human wild-type or the S103C mutant. Human hydrolase and rat C108S were DTT-independent; human S103C was, however, DTT-dependent. These data clearly show that cysteine 108 in rat hydrolase plays a critical role in DTT dependence and may be important in immunoreactivity.
The Therapeutic Presence of the Art Therapist (2018)

This study examined how a sample of art therapists (N = 14) describe their experience of therapeutic presence in the art therapy triangular relationship formed among the therapist, the client, and the artwork. Qualitative data were collected in semistructured interviews and analyzed using a grounded theory method. Component themes of therapeutic presence were identified as attentive focus, joining, movement, uncertainty, and sense of completeness. Preparation was found to be important to the art therapists' therapeutic presence, as were the influences of clients, time, art materials, accessibility, and external factors. Results highlight the role of art in all main areas of the art therapist's therapeutic presence.
Mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of the Wsc1 cell wall stress sensor (2004)

Wsc1 is a member of a family of highly O-glycosylated cell surface proteins that reside in the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and function as sensors of cell wall stress. These proteins activate the cell wall integrity signalling pathway by stimulating the small G-protein Rho1, protein kinase C (Pkc1) and a MAP kinase cascade. The cytoplasmic domains of Wsc1 family members interact with the Rom2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor to stimulate GTP-binding of Rho1. Here, a mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of Wsc1 is presented. The data identify two regions of the Wsc1 cytoplasmic tail that are conserved with other family members as important for Rom2 interaction. These regions are separated by an inhibitory region, which includes a cluster of seryl residues that appear to be phosphorylated. Mutational analysis of these residues supports a model in which Wsc1 interaction with Rom2 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation.
Spectroscopic properties of molecules interacting with small dielectric particles (1981)

Optical properties of small dielectric spheroids with or without adsorbed molecules are studied theoretically. Expressions for the absorption line shapes, the radiative and nonradiative decay rates, and quantum yields are derived. In the case of a molecule near a spheroid the magnitudes differ dramatically from the corresponding case of a molecule near a plane.
Driver Circuit Implementation for Source in Optical Communication - A Review (2010)

There are many techniques in designing the driver circuit for the sources such as laser and LEDs in optical fiber communication. However, in this paper, we discuss different types of driver circuits with the help of MESFETs, HFETs, BJTs, HBTs and CMOS technologies.
Design and fabrication of silica-based integrated-optic 1×128 power splitter (1991)

A 1×128 optical power splitter is fabricated by integrating 127 Y-branch waveguide elements on a 3 inch silicon wafer using silica waveguide technology. The average measured excess loss of this splitter is 3.2 dB including fibre-waveguide coupling loss.