gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar Drift Tube for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2007)

Abstract The drift tube in ion mobility spectrometry is the component of central importance, where sample vapors are ionized and where ions are separated on the basis of gaseous mobility in a comparatively weak electric field. Construction of drift tubes is labor intensive and costly when built with precision machined components and an alternative design, fabricated using photolithography methods with planar drift plates, is described. Diagnostics of performance including response toward electric fields, peak shape of mobility spectra, determined values for reduced mobility coefficients, and patterns of response to changing vapor concentrations were consistent with conventional drift tubes. Neither ion losses nor band broadening were unexpectedly large though ultimate measures of performance were limited by the unavailability of drift tube components with rectangular profiles and by an imperfect reaction region design. The cost of making drift tubes is calculated as roughly 10% of that for conventional designs.
Signal amplification systems in immunoassays: implications for clinical diagnostics (2006)

Biomarkers in physiological specimens serve as useful sensors for clinical diagnosis. Accurate detection of specific markers is crucial for the diagnosis of disease, monitoring drug therapy and patient screening. In vitro immunoassays are probably the most common, simple and relatively inexpensive serological tools used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis and management of disease. Despite continued efforts to improve the performance of immunoassays in the past three decades, there is a need for highly sensitive assays that can detect the lowest levels of disease markers with greater accuracy. This review summarizes recent advances made towards increasing the sensitivity of immunoassays by amplifying detection signals, with implications for the development of highly sensitive diagnostic systems; it also discusses the principles of related methodologies.
Quantum Tensor Product Structures are Observable Induced (2004)

It is argued that the partition of a quantum system into subsystems is dictated by the set of operationally accessible interactions and measurements. The emergence of a multipartite tensor product structure of the state space and the associated notion of quantum entanglement are then relative and observable induced. We develop a general algebraic framework aimed to formalize this concept.
Random current testing for CMOS logic circuits by monitoring a dynamic power supply current (1992)

Assuming a stuck-at type fault, the authors discuss current testing for CMOS logic circuits where the random patterns generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are applied, and a dynamic power supply current is monitored. The LFSR is modified such that there exists a feedback from the outputs of a circuit under test to the LSFR. This modification is intended for amplifying the effect of a fault near a primary output on the dynamic current. In order to distinguish the dynamic current of a faulty circuit from the one of a fault-free circuit, two methods are discussed. One is the method where the waveform of the dynamic current is recognized using a neural network, and the other is the method where the mean dynamic current is calculated. Simulation results show that a high fault coverage can be obtained using a small number of test vectors. >
The art of obtaining a high yield of cell-free DNA from urine (2020)

Although liquid biopsies offer many advantages over tissue biopsies, they are not yet standard practice. An important reason for the lack of implementation is the unavailability of well standardized techniques and guidelines, especially for pre-analytical conditions which are an important factor causing the current sensitivity issues. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the effect of several pre-analytical conditions on the concentration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cellular genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination. Urine samples from healthy volunteers (HVs) and cancer patients were collected and processed according to specific pre-analytical conditions. Our results show that in samples with a relatively small volume more than 50% of the cfDNA can be found in the first 50 mL of the urine sample. The total DNA concentration increased again when samples were collected more than 3.5 hours apart. Adding preservative to urine samples is recommended to obtain high concentrations of cfDNA. To remove the cellular content, high speed centrifugation protocols as 4,000g 10min or 3,000g 15min are ideal for urine collected in cfDNA Urine Preserve (Streck). Although this study was a pilot study and needs to be confirmed in a larger study population, clear trends in the effect of several pre-analytical conditions were observed.
Evaluation of Channel Coding in OFDM Systems (2006)

Channel coding plays a very important role in OFDM systems performance.
The structure of OFDM systems makes channel coding more effective in confronting
fading channels. Sometimes Coded OFDM is known as COFDM. The role of channel
coding in conjunction with frequency and time interleaving is to provide a link between
bits transmitted on separated carriers of the signal spectrum, in such a way that the
information conveyed by faded carriers can be reconstructed in the receiver. Frequency
selectivity, currently known to be a disadvantage, is then turned into an advantage that
can be called frequency diversity. Using Channel State Information (CSI), channel
coding can yield some additional gain. Channel state information is frequency response
of the channel or signal to noise ratio in each carrier.
This thesis analyzes OFDM system and the effect of channel coding in reducing BER.
Along with this soft decoding and decoding with CSI is also studied. Besides,
performance of convolutional codes Turbo codes in OFDM systems is compared and
compared. Besides, we compare the performance of convolution and turbo codes in
OFDM systems. The results have been validated through simulations.
This thesis also presents Space-Frequency Coded OFDM system consisting of two
transmitters and a single receiver. Simple Alamouti space time code is used. An Mary
PSK modulation is used to modulate the symbols across an OFDM channel. We also
proposed a variation of the scheme which tries to spread additional symbols across timefrequency
attempting to increase the rate of transmission without changing the type of
modulation employed or increasing the bandwidth. A Rayleigh frequency selective slow
fading channel is assumed through out the analysis. SER performance of the above
systems is carried out with emphasis on the modulation scheme and number of carriers.
Intensity-Based Image Registration Using Robust Correlation Coefficients (2004)

The ordinary sample correlation coefficient is a popular similarity measure for aligning images from the same or similar modalities. However, this measure can be sensitive to the presence of "outlier" objects that appear in one image but not the other, such as surgical instruments, the patient table, etc., which can lead to biased registrations. This paper describes an intensity-based image registration technique that uses a robust correlation coefficient as a similarity measure. Relative to the ordinary sample correlation coefficient, the proposed similarity measure reduces the influence of outliers. We also compared the performance of the proposed method with the mutual information-based method. The robust correlation-based method should be useful for image registration in radiotherapy (KeV to MeV X-ray images) and image-guided surgery applications. We have investigated the properties of the proposed method by theoretical analysis, computer simulations, a phantom experiment, and with functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
Inhibition of TRPC6 Channel Activity Contributes to the Antihypertrophic Effects of Natriuretic Peptides-Guanylyl Cyclase-A Signaling in the Heart (2010)

Collectively, these findings suggest that TRPC6 is a critical target of antihypertrophic effects elicited via the cardiac ANP/BNP-GC-A pathway and suggest TRPC6 blockade could be an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing pathological cardiac remodeling.
Benchtop micromolding of polystyrene by soft lithography (2011)

Polystyrene (PS), a standard material for cell culture consumable labware, was molded into microstructures with high fidelity of replication by an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. The process was a simple, benchtop method based on soft lithography using readily available materials. The key to successful replica molding by this simple procedure relies on the use of a solvent, for example, gamma-butyrolactone, which dissolves PS without swelling the PDMS mold. PS solution was added to the PDMS mold, and evaporation of the solvent was accomplished by baking the mold on a hotplate. Microstructures with feature sizes as small as 3 μm and aspect ratios as large as 7 were readily molded. Prototypes of microfluidic chips made from PS were prepared by thermal bonding of a microchannel molded in PS with a flat PS substrate. The PS microfluidic chip displayed much lower adsorption and absorption of hydrophobic molecules (e.g. rhodamine B) compared to a comparable chip created from PDMS. The molded PS surface exhibited stable surface properties after plasma oxidation as assessed by contact angle measurement. The molded, oxidized PS surface remained an excellent surface for cell culture based on cell adhesion and proliferation. To demonstrate the application of this process for cell biology research, PS was micromolded into two different microarray formats, microwells and microposts, for segregation and tracking of non-adherent and adherent cells, respectively. The micromolded PS possessed properties that were ideal for biological and bioanalytical needs, thus making it an alternative material to PDMS and suitable for building lab-on-a-chip devices by soft lithography methods.
A framework for fusion methods and rendering techniques of multimodal volume data (2004)

Abstract Many different direct volume rendering methods have been developed to visualize 3D scalar fields on uniform rectilinear grids. However, little work has been done on rendering simultaneously various properties of the same 3D region measured with different registration devices or at different instants of time. The demand for this type of visualization is rapidly increasing in scientific applications such as medicine in which the visual integration of multiple modalities allows a better comprehension of the anatomy and a perception of its relationships with activity. This paper presents different strategies of direct multimodal volume rendering (DMVR). It is restricted to voxel models with a known 3D rigid alignment transformation. The paper evaluates at which steps of the rendering pipeline the data fusion must be realized in order to accomplish the desired visual integration and to provide fast re‐renders when some fusion parameters are modified. In addition, it analyses how existing monomodal visualization algorithms can be extended to multiple datasets and it compares their efficiency and their computational cost. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Activity of Volatiles from Marine and Terrestrial Bacteria (2010)

The antiproliferative activity of 52 volatile compounds released from bacteria was investigated in agar diffusion assays against medically important microorganisms and mouse fibroblasts. Furthermore, the activity of these compounds to interfere with the quorum-sensing-systems was tested with two different reporter strains. While some of the compounds specific to certain bacteria showed some activity in the antiproliferative assay, the compounds common to many bacteria were mostly inactive. In contrast, some of these compounds were active in the quorum-sensing-tests. γ-Lactones showed a broad reactivity, while pyrazines seem to have only low intrinsic activity. A general discussion on the ecological importance of these findings is given.
Design and Qualification Testing of ESP Cable to Improve ESP System Run Life (2019)

Abstract The petroleum industry has made significant changes and improvements to extend the run life and the operating envelope of ESP systems. Design improvements have dominantly focused on motors, seals, and pumps through improved material selection, bearings, etc.; changes accepted and deployed by operators without consideration of technology which can be applied to cable design and packaging. The ESP power delivery system (downhole cables and associated components) have remained largely unchanged for nearly 90 years. The ESP cable system is responsible for greater than 20% of ESP failures, with a large portion occurring early in the system life (&lt;2 years). In the last 10 years, offshore cable system failures have risen to more than 30% due to installation in harsher operating conditions. In 2015, two major operators and a rigless ESP provider launched an extensive R&D program to develop a "life-of-well ESP" cable system to complement Wireline Retrievable ESP (WRESP) systems planned for deployment in West Africa and the Middle East. The logic was simple – if a life-of-well cable system could be developed, this could be used with a WRESP to provide rigless ESP operation throughout the life of a well, greatly reducing intervention costs while maximizing production. Once developed, it became apparent that the same technology could also be used in conventional ESP deployments to eliminate cable system failures while reducing the lost rig time and HSE risk associated with traditional ESP cable installations. The proposed ESP cable system is essentially a repackaging of existing, proven components that have been adapted and qualified to the high voltage and high current requirements of an ESP. This new topology was rigorously tested to industry standards by a joint committee of operators under laboratory and field conditions to confirm the thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance of the system. An installation test was performed in an onshore well to validate reliability of the cable system, packer/wellhead penetrations and downhole splices. Qualification testing has proven that a "life-of-well" ESP cable system is achievable. Discussion with other operators indicates the system to be scalable to both onshore and offshore applications for improved reliability at a minimal additional cost.
Asymmetric oxidoreductions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase in organic solvents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric oxidoreductions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase in organic solventsJacob. Grunwald, Beat. Wirz, Mark P. Scollar, and Alexander M. KlibanovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 21, 6732–6734Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00281a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00281a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spontaneous speech recognition using a statistical coarticulatory model for the vocal-tract-resonance dynamics (2000)

A statistical coarticulatory model is presented for spontaneous speech recognition, where knowledge of the dynamic, target-directed behavior in the vocal tract resonance is incorporated into the model design, training, and in likelihood computation. The principal advantage of the new model over the conventional HMM is the use of a compact, internal structure that parsimoniously represents long-span context dependence in the observable domain of speech acoustics without using additional, context-dependent model parameters. The new model is formulated mathematically as a constrained, nonstationary, and nonlinear dynamic system, for which a version of the generalized EM algorithm is developed and implemented for automatically learning the compact set of model parameters. A series of experiments for speech recognition and model synthesis using spontaneous speech data from the Switchboard corpus are reported. The promise of the new model is demonstrated by showing its consistently superior performance over a state-of-the-art benchmark HMM system under controlled experimental conditions. Experiments on model synthesis and analysis shed insight into the mechanism underlying such superiority in terms of the target-directed behavior and of the long-span context-dependence property, both inherent in the designed structure of the new dynamic model of speech.
Mastitis Control in Replacement Heifers (1991)

Mastitis is the most costly disease of dairy cattle. This disease occurs when bacteria penetrate the teat orifice, colonize teat canal keratin, and gain entry into the mammary gland. In spite of growth inhibitory properties of keratin bacteria are able to survive in the teat canal and progress into the udder, causing inflammation. Current methods of mastitis control advocate adoption of management practices developed for mature lactating and dry cows, and include teat dipping, dry cow therapy, proper use of functionally adequate milking machines, prompt treatment of clinical cases, and culling of chronically infected animals. However, methods for controlling the disease in heifers were not contemplated in development of these management schemes. Mammary glands of heifers have traditionally been regarded as uninfected, and their mammary secretions are not examined until the first milking or during the first episode of clinical mastitis following calving. The greatest development of milk producing tissue in heifers occurs during the first pregnancy, thus mammary glands must be protected from the harmful effects of mastitis-causing bacteria to insure maximum milk production and reduce the level of infection and somatic cell count (SCC) during the subsequent lactation. This is particularly important in view of the recent decision to lower the SCC legal limit. Effective July, 1993, the new Interstate Milk Shippers' quality standard for raw milk will set the SCC limit at 750,000/ml. Thus, in addition to tightening up standard mastitis control practices in lactating and dry cows, dairymen should carefully consider a mastitis control program for heifers in attempts to conform to the new quality standard.
A Tactile Distribution Sensor Based on Inverse Problem Theory (2007)

Recent advances of robot technology raise increasing demands for tactile distribution sensor for safe and natural human-machine interaction. For a richer variety of tactile interaction, and for realizing a full surface coverage of various structure robots, not only flexibility, but also stretchability is very important. However, stretchability has been an impossible characteristic due to circuit wiring networks embedded in the sensors. This paper presents a tactile distribution sensor based on inverse problem theory. It solves the wiring problem and realizes a novel stretchable tactile distribution sensor, with potentially a broad range of functionality and applications. EIT, an inverse problem theory, can estimate the resistivity distribution of the inner space of a conductor, by measuring only from the boundary of the conductor. By applying EIT to a force sensitive resistive rubber sheet, a flexible, stretchable and thin tactile distribution sensor is realized with no embedded wiring within the sensing area. To verify the basic characteristics and potential of the EIT-based sensor, experimental results on pressure distribution and stretch dis-tribution sensors are reported. Morever, we propose a porous stretchable sensor with novel tactile sensing capability; pinching, rubbing and pushing. Proposals on possible augmentations of the sensor are also presented, including a construction technique for various sensitive conductors, a multi-layered sensor for multi-stimulus perception.
Controllable graphene N-doping with ammonia plasma (2010)

Here we show that gas-phase doping by means of NH3 plasma exposure is a highly flexible and manufacturable process for graphene electronics. The nitrogen-containing radicals can readily form covalent bonds with the carbon lattice and keep stable in the postannealing for damage restoration. The amount of charge transfer can be fine tuned by controlling the exposure time and monitored by the systematic shift in the Raman G mode and the Gds−Vg curves in transport measurements. The maximum doping level can reach 1.5×1013 cm−2.
Syntheses of Some 2,3-Benzo-1-thiaoctems (1981)

2,3-Benzo-1-thiaoctems 2 , , and were synthesized from 4-acetoxyazetidin-%one (2).Oxidation of and 2 afforded the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones.The relative stereochemistries of the products were determined from nmr aromatic solvent induced shlfts (ASIS).In connection with our interest in the biological activlty of synthetic 2,3-henzo-1-thiaoctem (J):'~ we previously synthesized some 2,3-ben~o-l-oxaoctems.~Now we report the syntheses of 2,3-benzo-I-thiaoctems with no suhstituent at the C7 position and their sulfoxides and sulfones. 4A mixed solution of o-mercaptobenzyl alcohol (1.1 equiv) and sodium ethoxide (1.05 equiv) was added to a solution of 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one ( x ) ~(1 equiv) in water under ice cooling.After 2 hrs at O°C, the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and worked up in the usual way to give 4-(2-hydroxymethylthio) azetidin-Lone(2)6 (70%) by chromatography.A similar reaction of thiophenol 1 , which was obtained from 2 ,2'-dithiohishenzaldehyde7 in 65% yield [(i) HOCH2CH20H, TsOH, C6H6, ref lux, (ii) LiA1H4, Et20],with 2 gave Q6 (85%).Oxidation of 2 with pyridinium chloro chro-mate8 (1.5 equiv, CH2C12, rt, 2 hrs) afforded 4-hydroxy-2,3-henzo-1-thiaoctem 2 9,lO (62%, mp lll-112°C) and @,ll (205, mp 180-181°C).Alternatively, methanolysis (MeOH, TsOH, 50°C, 3 hrs) of Q gave methyl ether 212 (91%, mp 116-117°C) which was easily hydrolyzed (Me2C0, H20, rt, 3 hrs) to 2 (65%).Methanolysis (MeOH, TsOH, rt, 3hrs) of compound 2 gave 2 (93%).
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans contribute to brain tissue swelling behavior (2010)

To identify the constituents of brain responsible for driving edema, swelling behavior of thin slices of adult rat cortex was examined following digestion of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). The triphasic swelling behavior of brain slices was greatly reduced in slices exposed to chondroitinase ABC for 24 h, relative to controls. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was reduced in enzyme-treated slices. Taken together, these results indicate that CSPGs contribute to the triphasic swelling behavior of brain tissue.