gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel method for detection of virus‐specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells indicates a decreased EBV‐specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell response in untreated HIV‐infected subjects (2005)

A lower function of EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in HIV-infected subjects could be related to a lack of specific CD4(+) T cell help. Therefore, we studied EBV-specific CD4(+) T cells in both healthy donors and untreated or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated HIV-seropositive homosexual men. To this end, PBMC were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools from a latent and a lytic EBV protein, EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)1 and EBV lytic-switch protein ZEBRA (BZLF1), respectively. EBV-specific CD4(+) T cell frequencies measured directly ex vivo were low. To measure EBV-specific memory CD4(+) T cells, capable of both expansion and IFN-gamma production upon antigenic challenge, we developed a specific and reproducible assay, combining ex vivo expansion of specific T cells with flow cytometric analysis of IFN-gamma production. Untreated HIV-infected individuals had a lower CD4(+) T cell response to both EBNA1 and BZLF1 as compared to healthy EBV carriers and HAART-treated HIV-positive subjects. This suggests loss of EBV-specific CD4(+) T cells due to HIV infection, while HAART might restore this response. In addition, we found an increase in the EBNA1-specific CD8(+) T cell response in HAART-treated subjects. Interestingly, numbers of EBV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were inversely correlated with EBV viral load, suggesting an important role also for EBV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the control of EBV infection.
Sustainable Retrofit of Residential Roofs Using Metal Roofing Panels, Thin-Film Photovoltaic Laminates, and PCM Heat Sink Technology (2011)

During September-October 2009, research teams representing Metal Construction Association (the largest North American trade association representing metal building manufacturers, builders, and material suppliers), CertainTeed (one of the largest U.S. manufacturers of thermal insulation and building envelope materials), Unisolar (largest U.S. producer of amorphous silicone photo-voltaic (PV) laminates), Phase Change Energy (manufacturer of bio-based PCM), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) installed three experimental attics utilizing different roof retrofit strategies in the ORNL campus. The main goal of this project was experimental evaluation of a newly-developed sustainable re-roofing technology utilizing amorphous silicone PV laminates integrated with metal roof and PCM heat sink. The experimental attic with PV laminate was expected to work during the winter time as a passive solar collector with PCM storing solar heat, absorbed during the day, and increasing overall attic air temperature during the night.
LUTEOLYTIC FACTOR IN STALLION SEMEN (1975)

Agricultural Academy in Kraków, Institute of Applied Physiology of Animals, 30-059 Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Poland (Received 13th December 1974) Bielański et al. (1974) demonstrated that oestrus and ovulation could be produced in anoestrous and dioestrous mares by the introduction of stallion semen into the uterus. Their results suggested that stallion semen may contain a luteolytic factor. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is well known to be luteolytic in many species (McCracken et al., 1970). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of PGF2α and stallion semen on the CL. Thirty-three pseudopregnant rabbits were assigned to Groups A, B and C (Table 1). Ovulation was induced with 100 i.u. HCG. Physiological saline, PGF2α (trimethonium salt of PGF2α, `Prostin F2alpha': Upjohn Company) and stallion semen, respectively, were introduced into the lumen of one uterine horn during laparotomy carried out on two different days
Generation of a doughnut-shaped beam using a spiral phase plate (2004)

To generate a doughnut-shaped beam, i.e., the first order of a Bessel beam, a spiral phase plate with 8 divided etching areas is fabricated with an etching accuracy of better than 6 nm. The etching depth of each area is designed so that the phase distribution of the laser beam passing through has a phase difference of π at a symmetric position with respect to the optical axis. Using a laser beam with a wavefront aberration of 1/10λ, the phase distribution of the beam passing through the plate is measured by a Shack Hartman wavefront sensor. It has been found that the beam has a spiral phase change of 2π along the optical axis. The focused beam has a circular doughnut pattern, as predicted by a theoretical calculation, and we succeeded to generate the ideal first-order of a Bessel beam.
Patterning method impact on sub-36nm pitch interconnect variability (2018)

As advanced semiconductor technologies continue to shrink, there is a continued need for interconnect performance and variability to keep pace. Traditional area scaling alone cannot control the increased process variation at advanced nodes. We examine the impact that patterning scheme has on the final interconnect resistance, capacitance and RC variability at sub-36nm pitches. Industry standard patterning schemes are evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. Single exposure (direct print), litho-etch-litho-etch, self-aligned double patterning and self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) are considered. In the context of these patterning schemes, lithographic variation and spacer thickness uniformity (where applicable) are evaluated.
Multiple Resource Host Architecture for the Mobile Detection Assessment and Response System (1998)

this report was performed for the U. S. Army R&amp;D Center Physical Security Equipment Division by the Advanced Systems Division, Code D37, Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego). Released by Associate for Robotics Advanced Systems Division Under authority of Advanced Systems Division This technology is related to the subject matter of one or more U. S. Patents assigned to the U. S. Government, including Patent No. 5,659,779. Licensing inquiries may be directed to: Legal Counsel for Patents Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Code D0012 San Diego, CA 92152--5765 (619) 553--3001 iii CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND................................................................................................................1 1.1 DEVELOPMENT TEAM ORGANIZATION..................................................................1 1.2 MULTIPLE PLATFORM CONTROL PHILOSOPHY....................................................1 1.3 DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH................................................................................3 1.3.1 Category I...........................................................................................................4 1.3.2 Category II: Warehouse Navigation....................................................................4 1.3.3 Category III: Inventory Tagging and Assessment...............................................4 1.3.4 Category IV: Early User Assessment..................................................................5 1.4 SYSTEM REDESIGN..................................................................................................5 1.4.1 Operating System Conversion............................................................................5 1.4.2 Software Conversion....................................
The Soluble NAD<sup>+</sup>-Reducing [NiFe]-Hydrogenase from<i>Ralstonia eutropha</i>H16 Consists of Six Subunits and Can Be Specifically Activated by NADPH (2005)

The soluble [NiFe]-hydrogenase (SH) of the facultative lithoautotrophic proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 has up to now been described as a heterotetrameric enzyme. The purified protein consists of two functionally distinct heterodimeric moieties. The HoxHY dimer represents the hydrogenase module, and the HoxFU dimer constitutes an NADH-dehydrogenase. In the bimodular form, the SH mediates reduction of NAD(+) at the expense of H(2). We have purified a new high-molecular-weight form of the SH which contains an additional subunit. This extra subunit was identified as the product of hoxI, a member of the SH gene cluster (hoxFUYHWI). Edman degradation, in combination with protein sequencing of the SH high-molecular-weight complex, established a subunit stoichiometry of HoxFUYHI(2). Cross-linking experiments indicated that the two HoxI subunits are the closest neighbors. The stability of the hexameric SH depended on the pH and the ionic strength of the buffer. The tetrameric form of the SH can be instantaneously activated with small amounts of NADH but not with NADPH. The hexameric form, however, was also activated by adding small amounts of NADPH. This suggests that HoxI provides a binding domain for NADPH. A specific reaction site for NADPH adds to the list of similarities between the SH and mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I).
Statistical shape features in content-based image retrieval (2002)

In this article the use of shape features in content-based image retrieval is studied. The emphasis is on techniques which do not demand object segmentation. PicSOM, the image retrieval system used in the experiments, requires that features are represented by constant-sized feature vectors for which the Euclidean distance can be used as a similarity measure. The shape features suggested here are edge histograms and Fourier transform based features computed for an edge image in Cartesian and polar coordinate planes. The results show that both local and global shape features are important clues of shapes in an image.
Transgenic Mice and Knockout Mutants in the Study of Oxidative Stress in Brain Injury (1995)

A rapid increase in the need to explore the molecular basis of cellular function and injury in the central nervous system has led neuroscientists to employ transgenic mouse technology. The successful making of transgenic mice (Tg) overexpressing human CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) activity has made it possible to investigate the role of oxygen free radicals in ischemic and traumatic brain injury in a molecular fashion. It has been demonstrated that the 3-fold increase in SOD-1 transgene activity in SOD-1 Tg mice offers protection against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in two different models of focal cerebral ischemia, as compared to nontransgenic wild-type littermates. Studies involving traumatic brain injury have also demonstrated that acute injuries, including brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability, are significantly reduced in SOD-1 Tg mice. Furthermore, chronic neurological deficits, such as beam walking, beam balance, and body weight, are significantly improved in these transgenic animals following traumatic brain injury. In addition to the SOD-1 Tg mice being a useful tool for the study of CNS injury, targeted disruption of the mouse gene for mitochondrial manganese SOD (SOD-2) has been successful. These SOD-2 knockout mutant mice, in addition to the recently developed knockout mutants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), are believed to offer a unique opportunity to elucidate the oxidative mechanisms in brain injury following stroke and trauma.
Parkin-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination: A signal for targeting misfolded proteins to the aggresome-autophagy pathway (2008)

Pathological inclusions containing misfolded proteins are a prominent feature common to many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In cultured cells, when the production of misfolded proteins exceeds the capacity of the chaperone refolding system and the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, misfolded proteins are actively transported along microtubules to pericentriolar inclusions called aggresomes. The aggresomes sequester potentially toxic misfolded proteins and facilitate their clearance by autophagy. The molecular mechanism(s) that targets misfolded proteins to the aggresome-autophagy pathway is mostly unknown. Our recent work identifies parkin-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination as a signal that couples misfolded proteins to the dynein motor complex via the adaptor protein histone deacetylase 6 and thereby promotes sequestration of misfolded proteins into aggresomes and subsequent clearance by autophagy. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying aggresome formation and suggest that parkin and K63-linked polyubiquitination may play a role in the autophagic clearance of misfolded proteins.
G2H--graphics-to-haptic virtual environment development tool for PC's. (2000)

For surgical training and preparations, the existing surgical virtual environments have shown great improvement. However, these improvements are more in the visual aspect. The incorporation of haptics into virtual reality base surgical simulations would enhance the sense of realism greatly. To aid in the development of the haptic surgical virtual environment we have created a graphics to haptic, G2H, virtual environment developer tool. G2H transforms graphical virtual environments (created or imported) to haptic virtual environments without programming. The G2H capability has been demonstrated using the complex 3D pelvic model of Lucy 2.0, the Stanford Visible Female. The pelvis was made haptic using G2H without any further programming effort.
Increased numbers of mast cells in pemphigus vulgaris skin lesions. A histochemical study. (1991)

We have used a histochemical technique to study mast cells (MC) in skin biopsies of 8 patients suffering from pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and from 4 control volunteers. The MC were stained for 30 min with 0.5% toluidine blue, pH 0.5, counted and then restained for 5 days under the same conditions. This staining method allows the identification of two groups of MC, one that stains promptly (30 min) and one that stains after longer incubation times (5 days). After 30 min of staining, a slight increase was found in the number of MC in PV sections, in comparison with normal controls. However, when the 30 min stained sections were reincubated under the same conditions for 5 days, a significant increase in the number of MC in PV was found in comparison with 5-day-stained normal skin sections (p less than 0.005) and in comparison with 30-min-stained PV sections (p less than 0.005). The MC were distributed throughout the dermis and were concentrated in the upper dermis near hair follicles and vessels. The possible importance of the increased numbers of MC in PV is discussed.
p73 is effective in p53-null pancreatic cancer cells resistant to wild-type TP53 gene replacement. (2003)

Novel therapies such as gene therapy are needed for the treatment of pancreatic carcinomas. Here we show that adenovirus-mediated p73 overexpression results in a strong induction of apoptosis, whereas the effect of p53 varies between different cell lines. In particular, p53-negative AsPC-1 cells are resistant to p53-mediated apoptosis. In these cells, only ectopically expressed p73 activates the proapoptotic p53 target P53AIP1, whereas phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-46, shown to regulate transcriptional activation of P53AIP1, is missing. Our findings support the use of p73 as an anticancer drug in p53-null pancreatic cancer cells that are resistant to wild-type TP53 gene replacement.
Electrical insulation of an AC propulsion motor for the DEEPSTAR 20,000 (1970)

The DEEPSTAR 20,000 vehicle will be propelled by an a-c induction motor designed for light weight, reliable operation at depths to 20,000 feet. It is a 2-pole a-c squirrel-cage induction motor which operates at a speed of 3450 rpm at full load, developing 10 horsepower at 60 hertz at 20,000 feet. The voltage established for 60 Hz operation is 82 V ac line-to-line. It is delta connected internally for a high order of system efficiency and compatibility with the controller. The motor operates in a petroleum based fluid maintained at a slight positive internal pressure relative to ambient. The motor windings are polyimide-enameled copper wire impregnated with diphenyl oxide resin varnish. Slot and ground insulation is polyimide film bonded on both sides of polyamide fiber paper, totaling about 10 mils in thickness. The insulation system offers reliable electrical operation with effective cooling characteristics when operated under load. Testing has been performed on this design in air, oil, and seawater-contaminated oil. The conditions of the peformance tests included sea level, hydraulic pressures up to 13,500 psi, and repeated cycling between the extremes.
영문지(JAST) 게재논문 국문초록 : 비육돈의 POU1F1 intron1 유전자형에 따른 도체특성 분석 (2014)

국내 사육중인 비육되 168두를 대항으로 POUIFI 우전자형을 분류하여 도체특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. POUIFI intron 1 유전자형을 분석한 결과느 AA형의 빈도 (66.7%)가 가장 높게 나타났고, AB 유전자형과 BB 유전자형은 각각 28.6% 와 4.76%의 낮은 빈도로 출현하였다. A 유전자(0.81)는 매우 높은 유전자 빈도로 나타났으나, B 유전자(0.19)는 낮은 빈도로 추정되었다. 그리고 Hardy-Weinberg 법칙의 검정 그룹에서는 유의성 없이(p<0.05)유전적 평형을 이루고 있었다. 등자방두께, Hunter L과 b값,육색(visual color)Ph 에서는 유전자형에 따른 유의 성을 나타나지 않았으나, 도체중은 AB형(92.00kg)과 BB형(92.33kg) 두 그룹 에서 AA형 (78.76kg) 그룹보다 유의 하게 높았고 (p<0.005),Hunter a 값은 AB형 보다 높은 값은 값을 나타내었가(p<0.05). 또한, 육색(visual color)은 L(lightness)와 b(yellowness)값 간에서 음(-)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼때, 과거연국에서와 달리 POUIFI 유전자의 변화에 따라 도체중이나 등지방 두께뿐만 아니라 육색도에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, POUIFI 유전자의 변화에 따른 비육돈의 고체특성과 상관성을 규명하여 육질개선 지표로 활용해야 할 것으로 사료된다.
TCG: a transitive closure graph-based representation for non-slicing floorplans (2002)

In this paper, we propose a transitive closure graph-based representation for general floorplans, called TCG, and show its superior properties. TCG combines the advantages of popular representations such as sequence pair, BSG, and B*-tree. Like sequence pair and BSG, but unlike O-tree, B*-tree, and CBL, TCG is P-admissible. Like B*-tree, but unlike sequence pair, BSG, O-tree, and CBL, TCG does not need to construct additional constraint graphs for the cost evaluation during packing, implying faster runtime. Further, TCG supports incremental update during operations and keeps the information of boundary modules as well as the shapes and the relative positions of modules in the representation. More importantly, the geometric relation among modules is transparent not only to the TCG representation but also to its operations, facilitating the convergence to a desired solution. All these properties make TCG an effective and flexible representation for handling the general floorplan/placement design problems with various constraints. Experimental results show the promise of TCG.
Oncogenic Ras can induce transcriptional activation through a variety of promoter elements, including tandem c-Ets-2 binding sites. (1994)

Oncogenic Ras activates the transcription of a variety of viral and cellular genes through promoter elements consisting of two closely linked binding sites for transcription factors from several distinct families. To better understand what constitutes a promoter oncogene response element (ORE), various transcription factor binding site configurations were inserted into a reporter gene, and transactivation by oncogenic Ras was measured by cotransfection assays in NIH3T3 cells. We show that a single copy of two closely linked binding sites for either AP-1, Ets, NF-kappa B, or single closely linked Ets and AP-1 binding sites, are sufficient to confer at least 10-fold transactivation by similar amounts of oncogenic Ras. Single binding sites for these factors, or several other pairings of binding sites, are not sufficient to confer Ras responsiveness. The effect of altered ORE binding site spacing and orientation was systematically analysed, and limited flexibility was observed. The novel observation that two adjacent c-Ets-2 binding sites are sufficient to act as an ORE, indicates that Ets family proteins are a target of the Ras pathway distinct from AP-1. This ORE also mediates equivalent transactivation by c-Ets-2, and mutant OREs show a parallel decrease in Ras and c-Ets-2 responsiveness. Together, these data help to define transcriptional targets of the Ras signal transduction pathway.
Bioremediation of Oil-Based Drill Cuttings under Tropical Conditions (2003)

Abstract Onshore drilling operations may generate oil-based waste like the drillcuttings. These wastes are composed of mineral matter mixed with the drillingfluid. They are usually disposed of in a variety of methods including thermaland physico-chemical treatments. Over the last ten years, bioremediation hasbeen considered as a possible alternative to "classical" treatments since ithas been well established that hydrocarbons are prone to be biodegraded bymicroorganisms. This paper presents the results of a large-scale industrialbiotreatment of drill cuttings in Indonesia. A 12-mo field experiment was setup following a petroleum drilling operation. Resulting cuttings were treated inwindrows on a dedicated area. Periodical mixing, fertilisation andmicroorganisms seeding allowed the biodegradation of hydrocarbons.Concentration and chemical composition of hydrocarbons, nutrientsconcentrations, microbial counts were periodically determined. Gaschromatographic analyses demonstrated the metabolism of alkanes. Microbialcounts increased during the biotreatment. After treatment, the cuttings werespread on a dedicated area to allow a cover by vegetation. This publicationaims at demonstrating that oily waste can be depolluted by bioremediation.
Preferential expansion of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34-positive cells on major histocompatibility complex-matched amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2009)

IT is likely that a MHC restriction exists between hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells in the human hematopoietic system and that granulocute-macropage colony-stimulating factor contributes to some extent to the preferential hematopoiesis-supporting ability of the MHC-matched amnion-derived adherent cells.
Very Fast Parallel Matrix and Polynomial Arithmetic (2005)

We present very efficient arithmetic circuits for the computation of the determinants and inverse of band matrices and for interpolation and polynomial arithmetic over arbitrary ground fields. For input size n the circuits for band matrix inversion (for constant band width) over infinite fields, and the circuits for polynomial arithmetic over arbitrary fields, have optimal depth 0(log n) and polynomial size. The algorithm for band matrix inversion is based on an extension of the method of modification (from numerical analysis) which includes a formula for the determinant of a modified matrix.
Novel Comprehensive Control Framework for Incorporating VSCs to Smart Power Grids Using Bidirectional Synchronous-VSC (2013)

This paper presents a new control strategy for voltage-source converters (VSCs) in the frequency-angle domain which enables dc-link voltage regulation via frequency and load angle adjustment. A major advantage of the proposed controller is emulating the behavior of synchronous machines (SMs) with proper regulation of dc-link voltage which eases integration of VSCs interfacing distributed and renewable generation units into ac systems in the presence of conventional SMs. A cascaded frequency, angle and virtual torque control topology is developed to emulate the mechanical behavior of an SM which offers synchronization power to eliminate the need for a phase-locked-loop after initial converter synchronization, and damping power dynamics to damp power oscillations; and presents frequency dynamics similar to SMs, thus it introduces some inertia to the grid. The controller presents high stability margin and fast dc-link voltage regulation, whereas it can provide frequency support in the ac-side during contingencies. Frequency and voltage amplitude are adjusted by two separate loops. Two different variants are proposed for dc-link voltage control; namely direct dc-link voltage control and indirect dc-link voltage control via a dc-link voltage controller. Small-signal dynamics, analysis, and design process are presented. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the controller effectiveness.