gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Sulfur Containing Molecules on Gold: The Effect of Oxidation on Monolayer Formation and Stability Characterized by Experiments and Theory (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of Sulfur Containing Molecules on Gold: The Effect of Oxidation on Monolayer Formation and Stability Characterized by Experiments and TheoryRobin L. Garrell, Janice E. Chadwick, Daniel L. Severance, Nora A. McDonald, and David C. MylesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 46, 11563–11571Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00151a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00151a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Endothelin-1 and Metastatic Cancer Pain (2001)

Pain in patients with metastatic cancer contributes to increased suffering in those already burdened by their advancing illness. The causes of this pain are unknown but likely to involve the action of tumor-associated mediators and their receptors. One such mediator, endothelin-1 (ET-1), can induce both pain-like behavior in animals and pain in humans that is endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptor-dependent, and that appears to be due to the selective excitation of pain fibers. More significantly, in clinical studies, antagonists of the ET(A) receptor have been shown to ameliorate pain in some patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. The identification of tumor-associated mediators such as ET-1 that might directly or indirectly cause pain in patients with metastatic disease should lead to improved, targeted analgesia for patients with advanced cancer.
Fluorescent CXCL12<sup>AF647</sup> as a novel probe for nonradioactive CXCL12/CXCR4 cellular interaction studies (2004)

CXCL12(AF647) is a valuable, more convenient alternative for [(125)I]CXCL12 in ligand/receptor interaction studies.
Adenohypophysial Changes in Mice Transgenic for Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor: A Histological, Immunocytochemical, and Electron Microscopic Investigation* (1989)

The effect of protracted GH-releasing factor (GRF) stimulation on adenohypophysial morphology was investigated in six mice transgenic for human GRF (hGRF). All animals had significantly higher plasma levels of GH and GRF and greater body weights than controls. Eight-month-old mice were killed, and the markedly enlarged pituitaries were studied by histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and immunogold method, using double labeling at ultrastructural level. In all pituitaries, a massive hyperplasia, chiefly of mammosomatotrophs, was found. These bihormonal cells, containing GH and PRL, were demonstrated by light microscopy and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of cells with characteristics of GH cells in three pituitaries and cells resembling human adenomatous mammosomatotrophs in the other three glands. All of these cells, regardless of their ultrastructural features, contained secretory granules heavily labeled for GH by immunogold technique; PRL labeling varied from cell to cell, with the predominance of a weak immunostaining and was colocalized with GH in secretory granules. These results indicate that chronic exposure to GRF excess leads to mammosomatotroph hyperplasia. It is suggested that GH cells proliferate and transform to mammosomatotrophs in response to GRF stimulation. Focal PRL cell hyperplasia noted in three pituitaries could also be due to a GRF effect. Longer exposure to GRF is needed to clarify whether GRF can cause adenoma.
Effects of Copper-bearing Montmorillonite (Cu-MMT) on Escherichia coli and Diarrhea on Weanling Pigs (2004)

Copper-bearing montmorillonite (Cu-MMT) was produced by Cu 2+ cation exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that that the (001) basal spacing of the MMT crystal lattice increased from 1.544 to 1.588 nm after Cu 2+ exchange. This indicated that Cu 2+ entered into interlayer position of MMT as a hydrated cation or composite cation. In vitro results indicated that Cu-MMT had antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli K 88 . Cu-MMT had unbalanced positive charge after cation exchange. Its antibacterial activity resulted from two aspects, one was electrostatic attraction which made E. coli K 88 being adhered on the montmorillonite surface, the other was the Cu 2+ slowly released, which could kill bacteria. In an in vivo study, four replicates of eight weanling pigs were assigned to each of two dietary treatments to study the effects of Cu-MMT on diarrhea, E. coli in the lumen of the jejunum and morphology of jejunal mucosa. As compared to the control, supplementation of the diet with 0.2% Cu-MMT improved average daily gain by 12.50% (p<0.05) and decreased F/G by 9.42% (p<0.05). The mean diarrhrea incidence was decreased by 71.80% (p<0.05). The viable counts of Escherichia coli in jejunal contents were significantly reduced (p<0.05). Villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at the jejunal mucosa were increased by 19.09% (p<0.05) and 37.
Multi-agent cooperation by reinforcement learning with teammate modeling and reward allotment (2011)

How to coordinate the behavior of different agents through learning is a challenging problem within multi-agent domains. This paper addressed a kind of reinforcement learning algorithm to learn coordinated actions of a group of cooperative agents. This algorithm combines advantages of teammate modeling and reward allotment mechanism in a multi-agent Q-learning framework. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using the hunting game.
Molecular Basis for Chloronium-mediated Meroterpene Cyclization (2007)

Structural inspection of the bacterial meroterpenoid antibiotics belonging to the napyradiomycin family of chlorinated dihydroquinones suggests that the biosynthetic cyclization of their terpenoid subunits is initiated via a chloronium ion. The vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases that catalyze such reactions are distributed in fungi and marine algae and have yet to be characterized from bacteria. The cloning and sequence analysis of the 43-kb napyradiomycin biosynthetic cluster (nap) from Streptomyces aculeolatus NRRL 18422 and from the undescribed marine sediment-derived Streptomyces sp. CNQ-525 revealed 33 open reading frames, three of which putatively encode vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidases. Heterologous expression of the CNQ-525-based nap biosynthetic cluster in Streptomyces albus produced at least seven napyradiomycins, including the new analog 2-deschloro-2-hydroxy-A80915C. These data not only revealed the molecular basis behind the biosynthesis of these novel meroterpenoid natural products but also resulted in the first in vivo verification of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases.
Nondestructive method to measure coupling and propagation losses in optical guided structures (2012)

We propose and demonstrate a nondestructive method for loss measurement in optical guided structures. In the proposed approach, the device under test does not require connectors at its ends, thus making this technique available for both optical fibers and integrated optical waveguides. The loss measurement is feasible over a broad range, from low (0.2  dB/km) to high (of the order of 1  dB/mm) loss values. This method is validated through measurements performed on a microstructured holey fiber and on a photonic-crystal waveguide. The obtained results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations and measurements obtained by other approaches.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials Based on Poly(ionic liquid)s (2014)

A simple, fast, sustainable, and scalable strategy to prepare nanoporous materials based on poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) is presented. The synthetic strategy relies on the radical polymerization of crosslinker-type ionic liquid (IL) monomers in the presence of an analogous IL, which acts as a porogenic solvent. This IL can be extracted easily after polymerization and recycled for further use. The great advantages of this synthetic approach are the atom-efficiency and lack of waste. The effects of different monomer/porogen ratios on the specific surface area, porosity, and pore size have been investigated. Finally, the potential of the materials as CO2 sorbents has been evaluated.
BIOLOGICAL REGULATION BY ANTISENSE RNA IN PROKARYOTES (1988)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Oxidation of Cycloalkanes and Diesel Fuels by Means of Oxygen Low Pressure Plasmas (2002)

Oxidation of eight liquid cycloalkanes and two diesel fuels has been studied by using a low pressure high voltage oxygen plasma. Naphthenes were individually oxidized to alcohols and ketones, O(3P) being the active species in the plasma. Tertiary C−H bonds were the most reactive. At long treatment times the main products suffered successive oxidation to produce two oxygenated groups in the same molecule. cis-Decaline was four times more reactive than trans-decaline. For this two isomers and bicyclohexyl the conversions were the lowest, the yield of the tertiary carbon being between 40 and 80% of the total. Methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propylcyclohexane gave similar results. The reactivity of the two tertiary carbons of iso-propylcyclohexane amounted to c.a. 80%. This compound was the most reactive. Due to steric effects of the alkyl group, tert-butylcyclohexane showed low reactivity. Addition of 4.7−7.0 wt % of oxygen to the diesel fuels has been achieved in one-step process with the plasma.
A Novel, Recombinant Triple Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine (Hepacare<sup>®</sup>) (2001)

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a major problem in the human population. There remains a specific requirement for HBV vaccines capable of circumventing the non-responder/inadequate responder status of some vaccinees. Hepacare has been primarily developed to (1) improve anti-SHBs antibody titres in low responders, to conventional SHBsAg vaccinees, (2) overcome difficulties of non-compliance seen with existing SHBsAg vaccine regimens. Hepacare is a novel recombinant particle produced in eukaryotic cells, consisting of pre-S1, pre-S2 and S proteins of HBV and is adjuvanted with alhydrogel. It has been demonstrated to be highly immunogenic for both B and T cells in mice, chimpanzees and humans and induces higher anti-S 'a' determinant antibody titres than SHBsAg vaccines in mice and humans. Hepacare has proven to be at least as efficacious as current SHBsAg vaccines in chimpanzees. Clinical trials in both Europe and the USA have clearly demonstrated its superior ability to induce anti-SHBs antibody seroconversion in low-responder groups, compared with SHBsAg vaccines.
Mice are protected against Bordetella pertussis infection by intra-nasal immunization with filamentous haemagglutinin (1993)

Intra-nasal immunization of mice with purified Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) or a crude cell sonicate was shown to protect against subsequent B. pertussis aerosol challenge. Immunization with FHA was found to be the most effective and resulted in complete clearance of the bacterial infection from the lungs within 14 days. Serum IgG and lung IgA anti-FHA antibodies were detectable within 4 weeks of the first immunization and anamnestic responses were seen following secondary immunization and subsequent challenge with B. pertussis. Nasal administration of pertussis is a route which induces good systemic serum, as well as local secretory, antibody responses.
Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses in Human Bodily Fluids by Purified Lipids<sup>a</sup> (1994)

Antimicrobial lipids are found in mucosal secretions and are one of a number of nonimmunologic and nonspecific protective factors found at mucosal surfaces. Lipids can inactivate enveloped viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Lipid-dependent antimicrobial activity at mucosal surfaces is due to certain monoglycerides and fatty acids that are released from triglycerides by lipolytic activity. Medium chain length antiviral lipids can be added to human blood products that contain HIV-1 and HIV-2 and reduce the cell-free virus concentration by as much as 11 log10 TCID50/ml. The presence of lipids does not interfere with most clinical assays performed on human blood samples. Antimicrobial lipids can disrupt cell membranes and therefore lyse leukocytes which potentially carry virus. Genital mucosal epithelial cells should be protected from damage by the mucous layer. Preliminary studies indicate that lipids decrease sperm motility and viability suggesting that lipids may potentially be used as combination spermicidal and virucidal agents.
Optical performance of 3 intraocular lens designs in the presence of decentration (2005)

The optical performance of the model eye was not affected by decentration of an aspheric IOL designed to have no inherent spherical aberration. With decentration, the performance with the new IOL was better than with a conventional spherical IOL and an aspheric IOL designed to offset the spherical aberration of an average cornea.
Repetition Rate Multiplication Pulsed Laser Source Based on a Microring Resonator (2017)

<p>\n\tWe demonstrate a stable high-Q microring resonator (MRR)-based pulsed laser source with adjustable repetition rate from 49 to 735 GHz, corresponds to repetition rate multiplication of up to 15X the free spectral range (FSR) of the MRR. The repetition rate multiplication is realized by temporal multiplexing multiple pulses in the MRR through simply tuning of the fiber cavity length. Thus, the repetition rate of the pulsed laser source breaks the frequency limitation of the previous dissipative four wave mixing based mode locked lasers whose repetition rate is equal to the FSR of the built in comb filter. This high quality chip-based repetition rate multiplicable pulsed laser source is an effective approach to on-chip ultrahigh speed optical clock frequency multiplication systems.</p>
Pharmacology of Pentoxifylline A Hemorheologic Agent for the Treatment of Intermittent Claudication (1984)

Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of systemic and cardiac haemodynamics are reviewed with appraisal of Carl J. Wiggers merits and contributions to the research and developments in this field and his early recognition of the significance of the flow properties of blood in impaired circulation. Pharmacological agents involved in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases are discussed with special regard to the haemorheologically active xanthine derivative pentoxifylline. The profile of pentoxifylline as it emerges from experimental pharmacological and clinical studies is presented paying special attention to the haemorheological properties of the drug. Pharmacokinetic features of pentoxifylline are surveyed touching absorption, blood levels, metabolism and excretion aspects. Basing on the available data pentoxifylline is regarded as a promising drug in the treatment of circulatory ischemic disorders, especially in intermittent claudication.
797. Pulcherrimin : a synthesis of 1 : 4-dihydroxy-2 : 5-dioxopiperazines (1956)

A. H. Cook and C. A. Slater, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4130 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004130
Interactions between the R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, AtMYB61, and Target DNA Binding Sites (2013)

Despite the prominent roles played by R2R3-MYB transcription factors in the regulation of plant gene expression, little is known about the details of how these proteins interact with their DNA targets. For example, while Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB protein AtMYB61 is known to alter transcript abundance of a specific set of target genes, little is known about the specific DNA sequences to which AtMYB61 binds. To address this gap in knowledge, DNA sequences bound by AtMYB61 were identified using cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing). The DNA targets identified using this approach corresponded to AC elements, sequences enriched in adenosine and cytosine nucleotides. The preferred target sequence that bound with the greatest affinity to AtMYB61 recombinant protein was ACCTAC, the AC-I element. Mutational analyses based on the AC-I element showed that ACC nucleotides in the AC-I element served as the core recognition motif, critical for AtMYB61 binding. Molecular modelling predicted interactions between AtMYB61 amino acid residues and corresponding nucleotides in the DNA targets. The affinity between AtMYB61 and specific target DNA sequences did not correlate with AtMYB61-driven transcriptional activation with each of the target sequences. CASTing-selected motifs were found in the regulatory regions of genes previously shown to be regulated by AtMYB61. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that AtMYB61 regulates transcription from specific cis-acting AC elements in vivo. The results shed light on the specifics of DNA binding by an important family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators.
Oxidative Responses of Human and Murine Macrophages During Phagocytosis of <i>Leishmania chagasi</i> (2001)

Leishmania chagasi, the cause of South American visceral leishmaniasis, must survive antimicrobial responses of host macrophages to establish infection. Macrophage oxidative responses have been shown to diminish in the presence of intracellular leishmania. However, using electron spin resonance we demonstrated that murine and human macrophages produce O2-during phagocytosis of opsonized promastigotes. Addition of the O2- scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl to cultures resulted in increased infection, suggesting that O2- enhances macrophage leishmanicidal activity. The importance of NO. produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in controlling murine leishmaniasis is established, but its role in human macrophages has been debated. We detected NO. in supernatants from murine, but not human, macrophages infected with L. chagasi. Nonetheless, the iNOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited IFN-gamma-mediated intracellular killing by both murine and human macrophages. According to RNase protection assay and immunohistochemistry, iNOS mRNA and protein were expressed at higher levels in bone marrow of patients with visceral leishmaniasis than in controls. The iNOS protein also increased upon infection of human macrophages with L. chagasi promastigotes in vitro in the presence of IFN-gamma. These data suggest that O2- and NO. each contribute to intracellular killing of L. chagasi in human and murine macrophages.
Visualizing the Signal Transduction Pathways in Living Cells with GFP-Based FRET Probes (2004)

Visualizing how signals are transmitted within a living cell has long been a goal of molecular biologists, which has now been realized by probes based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) enabled the preparation of genetically-encoded FRET probes, and their application has been expanded for use in many areas of biology. The GFP-based FRET probes can be classified as belonging to one of two types, intermolecular and intramolecular FRET probes. The merit of the intermolecular FRET probe lies in the ease of preparation of the probes, whereas the merit of the intramolecular FRET probe lies in the high signal-to-noise ratio. Although these GFP-based probes are powerful tools for the visualization of signal transduction cascades, numerous pitfalls remain associated with this technique. Here, we provide an overview of the GFP-based FRET probes and discuss these issues.
Ultra-Fast Adaptive Digital Polarization Control in a Realtime Coherent Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Receiver (2008)

A digital polarization control system integrated in a 2.8 Gbit/s realtime polarization-multiplexed coherent QPSK system compensates for endless polarization changes having a maximum gradient of 3.5 krad/s (12 krad/s) with 1 dB (3.9 dB) loss in receiver sensitivity.
Identification of the Essential Catalytic Residues and Selectivity-Related Residues of Maltooligosyltrehalose Trehalohydrolase from the Thermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092 (2008)

Maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) catalyzes the release of trehalose by cleaving the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage next to the alpha-1,1-linked terminal disaccharide of maltooligosyltrehalose. Mutations at residues D255, E286, and D380 were constructed to identify the essential catalytic residues of MTHase, while mutations at residues W218, A259, Y328, F355, and R356 were constructed to identify selectivity-related residues of the enzyme. The specific activities of the purified D255A, E286A, and D380A MTHases were only 0.15, 0.09 and 0.01%, respectively, of that of wild-type MTHase, suggesting that these three residues are essential catalytic residues. Compared with wild-type MTHase, A259S, Y328F, F355Y, and R356K MTHases had increased selectivity ratios, which were defined as the ratios of the catalytic efficiencies for glucose formation to those for trehalose formation in the hydrolysis of maltooligosaccharides and maltooligosyltrehaloses, respectively, while W218A and W218F MTHases had decreased selectivity ratios. When starch digestion was carried out at 75 degrees C and wild-type and mutant MTHases were, respectively, used with isoamylase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase), the ratios of initial rates of glucose formation to those of trehalose formation were inversely correlated to the peak trehalose yields.
Guided crowd evacuation: approaches and challenges (2019)

Evacuation leaders and/or equipment provide route and exit information for people and guide them to the expected destinations, which could make crowd evacuation more efficient in case of emergency. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent advances in guided crowd evacuation. Different guided crowd evacuation approaches are classified according to guidance approaches and technologies. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of crowd evacuation with static signage, dynamic signage, trained leader, mobile devices, mobile robot and wireless sensor networks are presented based on a single guidance mode perspective. In addition, the different evacuation guidance systems that use high-tech means such as advanced intelligent monitoring techniques, AI techniques, computer technology and intelligent inducing algorithms are reviewed from a system's perspective. Future researches in the area of crowd evacuation are also discussed.