gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of High-Gain Micro-Channel Plate Photomultipliers (1981)

The characteristics and performance of several kinds of high-gain micro-channel plate photomultipliers have been investigated. Special attention was directed towards i) lifetime studies, ii) performance in the magnetic field, and iii) timing properties. Lifetime studies include separate investigations of the photocathode quentum efficiency degradation caused by ion feedback, and the deterioration of the micro-channel plate gain. The dependence of the micro-channel plate photomultiplier gain on the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field (up to 7 kGauss) is reported.
A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions (2013)

Rare earth elements have unique physicochemical properties that make them essential elements in many high-tech components. Bastnesite (La, Ce)FCO3, monazite, (Ce, La, Y, Th)PO4, and xenotime, YPO4, are the main commercial sources of rare earths. Rare earth minerals are usually beneficiated by flotation or gravity or magnetic processes to produce concentrates that are subsequently leached with aqueous inorganic acids, such as HCl, H2SO4, or HNO3. After filtration or counter current decantation (CCD), solvent extraction is usually used to separate individual rare earths or produce mixed rare earth solutions or compounds. Rare earth producers follow similar principles and schemes when selecting specific solvent extraction routes. The use of cation exchangers, solvation extractants, and anion exchangers, for separating rare earths has been extensively studied. The choice of extractants and aqueous solutions is influenced by both cost considerations and requirements of technical performance. Commercially, D2EHPA, HEHEHP, Versatic 10, TBP, and Aliquat 336 have been widely used in rare earth solvent extraction processes. Up to hundreds of stages of mixers and settlers may be assembled together to achieve the necessary separations. This paper reviews the chemistry of different solvent extractants and typical configurations for rare earth separations.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reciprocally modifies ketogenesis and lipid secretion by the rat liver (1999)

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and linoleic acid (LA) on ketone body production and lipid secretion were compared in isolated perfused rat liver. After feeding the 1% CLA diet for 2 wk, the concentration of post-perfused liver cholesterol was significantly reduced by CLA feeding, whereas that of triacylglycerol remained unchanged. Livers from CLA-fed rats produced significantly more ketone bodies; and the ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate, an index of mitochondrial redox potential, tended to be consistently higher in the liver perfusate. Conversely, cumulative secretions of triacylglycerol and cholesterol were consistently lower in the livers of rats fed CLA, and the reduction in the latter was statistically significant. Thus dietary CLA appeared to exert its hypolipidemic effect at least in part through an enhanced beta-oxidation of fatty acids at the expense of esterification of fatty acid in the liver.
Efficient Modification of Metal Oxide Surfaces with Phosphonic Acids by Spray Coating (2013)

We report a rapid method of depositing phosphonic acid molecular groups onto conductive metal oxide surfaces. Solutions of pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid (PFBPA) were deposited on indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, nickel oxide, and zinc oxide by spray coating substrates heated to temperatures between 25 and 150 °C using a 60 s exposure time. Comparisons of coverage and changes in work function were made to the more conventional dip-coating method utilizing a 1 h exposure time. The data show that the work function shifts and surface coverage by the phosphonic acid were similar to or greater than those obtained by the dip-coating method. When the deposition temperature was increased, the magnitude of the surface coverage and work function shift was also found to increase. The rapid exposure of the spray coating was found to result in less etching of zinc-containing oxides than the dip-coating method. Bulk heterojunction solar cells made of polyhexylthiophene (P3HT) and bis-indene-C60 (ICBA) were tested with PFBPA dip and spray-modified ITO substrates as well as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-modified ITO. The spray-modified ITO solar cells showed a similar open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) and a less than 5% lower short circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the dip- and PEDOT:PSS-modified ITO. These results demonstrate a potential path to a scalable method to deposit phosphonic acid surface modifiers on metal oxides while overcoming the limitations of other techniques that require long exposure and post-processing times.
Vitamin E Reversal of the Effect of Extracellular Calcium on Chemically Induced Toxicity in Hepatocytes (1985)

Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.
<i>PAX8</i>,<i>TITF1</i>, and<i>FOXE1</i>Gene Expression Patterns during Human Development: New Insights into Human Thyroid Development and Thyroid Dysgenesis-Associated Malformations (2005)

Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is responsible for most cases of congenital hypothyroidism, a condition that affects about one in 4000 newborns. Mutations in PAX8, TITF1, or FOXE1 may account for congenital hypothyroidism in patients with either isolated TD or TD with associated malformations involving kidney, lung, forebrain, and palate. Pax8, titf1, and foxe1 are expressed in the mouse thyroid bud as soon as it differentiates on the pharyngeal floor. Because the spatio-temporal expression of these genes is unknown in humans, we decided to study them at different stages of human embryonic and fetal development. PAX8 and TITF1 were first expressed in the median thyroid primordium. Interestingly, PAX8 was also expressed in the thyroglossal duct and the ultimobranchial bodies. Human FOXE1 expression was detected later than in the mouse. PAX8 was also expressed in the developing central nervous system and kidney, including the ureteric bud and the main collecting ducts. TITF1 was expressed in the ventral forebrain and lung. FOXE1 expression was detected in the oropharyngeal epithelium and thymus. In conclusion, the expression patterns described here show some differences from those reported in the mouse. They explain the malformations associated with TD in patients carrying PAX8, TITF1, and FOXE1 gene mutations.
POTENTIAL OF FORAGE JUICE EXTRACTION FROM MACERATED ALFALFA MATS (1991)

ABSTRACT A new forage mechanical conditioning system forms a thin compressed mat after severe conditioning by shredding between high speed rotating grooved rolls (maceration) in order to accelerate field drying. In the process, a significant amount of juice may be extracted from the forage. The juice may either be poured back on top of the mat, or recovered and processed. Experimental results showed that an average of 15% of wet alfalfa can be extracted as juice containing on average 9.5% of dry matter, high in protein (34%) and low in fiber (5%). The proportion of juice and dry matter extracted increased when alfalfa was wetter, when maceration was more severe and when windrow density before pressing (or press feed rate) decreased. Juice extraction was modeled and simulated under field conditions; potential juice extraction ranged between 1.1 and 6.2 t/ha (135 to 548 kg dry matter/ha).
Characterization of thimet oligopeptidase and neurolysin activities in B16F10-Nex2 tumor cells and their involvement in angiogenesis and tumor growth (2007)

Data show that melanoma cells secrete endo-oligopeptidases which have an important role in tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. rTOP inhibited growth of subcutaneously injected B16F10-Nex2 cells in mice. TOP from tumor cells and bradykinin in endothelial cells are two antagonist factors that may control angiogenesis essential for melanoma growth. A regulatory role of NO or S-nitrosothiols is suggested.
Bovine Leukemia Virus Gene Segment Detected in Human Breast Tissue (2013)

Background: Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is known by infections in bovine cattle and produce, in 30% of infected animals, persistent lymphocytosis significantly impacts the beef industry. It has been proposed that this virus could be transmitted to humans and be present in cases of breast cancer. Aim: to determine the presence of 380 bp of gag gene segment of BLV in paraffin-embedded breast tissue. Study Design: Control-case study. Methodology: 106 tissue samples were collected. 53 were cancer positive samples and 53 were negative samples for this pathology. After dewaxing tissues, DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was done in order to verify BLV gene segment, presence and origin. Results: 43 samples were positive (40.5%) for BLV segment. In the case group this segment was found in 35.8% of the samples and in the control group, BLV presented in 45.2% of the samples. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed BLV presence and had shown a high homology between amplified gene sequences obtained from human breast tissues and those coming from bovine cattle with leukosis reported by GenBank. Conclusion: The presence of BLV genes in humans and its location in breast tissue can be confirmed, however, it should be clarified as a possible promoter of malignancy processes on this tissue.
The effect of administration of bifidobacteria on the intestinal flora and growth of newborn piglets. (1996)

Antibiotics have been widely used as growth-promoting agents for livestock. For newborn calves and piglets, administration of antibiotics is useful to prevent infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. However, the use of antibiotics in livestock can have serious consequences, such as the development of resistant populations of bacteria. Subsequent use of the same antibiotics for therapy may be ineffective. Also, residual antibiotics in dairy foods, meat, eggs, and milk are unacceptable.
ChemInform Abstract: FUSARIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND ANALOGS AS POSSIBLE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS. NOTE I (1981)

Abstract Butyl‐pyridin‐carbonsäure‐chlorid (I) wird mit entsprechenden Aminen zu den Amiden (II) umgesetzt.
Materials and Applications for Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2009)

Organic field-effect transistors (FETs) are presently attracting significant academic research and industrial development interests as they offer performance capabilities comparable to those of thin-film amorphous silicon transistors but at the same time are compatible with low-temperature solution/printing-based manufacturing on flexible plastic substrates. In this paper, we review recent materials advances to improve the field-effect mobility of solution-processed organic semiconductors, discuss recent insight into the physics that determines the electronic structure at the semiconductor-gate dielectric interface in these devices, and provide an overview over some of the near- and medium-term applications.
LDU: A Lightweight Concurrent Update Method with Deferred Processing for Linux Kernel Scalability (2016)

We propose a novel light weight concurrent update method, LDU, to improve performance scalability for Linux kernel on many-core systems through eliminating lock contentions for update-heavy global data structures during process spawning and optimizing update logs.
1.25 Gb/s CMOS differential transimpedance amplifier for gigabit networks (1997)

We present a CMOS transimpedance amplifier that operates beyond 1.25Gbit/s data rate. A fully differential architecture is adopted to enhance stability as well as to improve dynamic range and common-mode rejection. A special buffer and careful layout were employed to generate fully balanced differential outputs from a DC-coupled single-ended input.
Optimizing the radiation resistance of InP solar cells: Effect of dopant density and cell thickness (1993)

The effect of 1 MeV electron and 10 MeV proton irradiations on the electrical properties of high-efficiency InP solar cells grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition has been measured and analyzed. The base dopant levels ranged from 3×1015 to 2×1017 cm−3, and the effect of the dopant concentration on the radiation response is presented and analyzed. The radiation-induced degradation of the solar cells was measured through both dark and 1 sun air mass zero current-voltage measurements and through spectral response measurements. The radiation-induced defects in the solar-cell junction were monitored by deep-level transient spectroscopy. Thermal and photoinjection annealing experiments were performed on the irradiated cells. The highest postirradiation efficiencies measured after a fluence of 1016, 1 MeV electrons cm−2 were 11.6% which is higher than has been reported for any other solar-cell material. Although all of the cells showed high radiation resistance, the cells with a lightly doped base (essentially an n-i-p structure after irradiation) degraded more in the open-circuit voltage and less in the short-circuit current than the more heavily doped cells. Modeling indicates that the thickness of the junction and base layers is very important in determining the end of life efficiency of the cell. Using the measured data, efficiencies up to 14.1% are predicted with a thin base and a back surface reflector, following irradiation with 1016 1 MeV electrons cm−2.
Electromyography of the Shoulder: An Analysis of Passive Modes of Exercise (1998)

Passive shoulder motion is standard early rehabilitation in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. A number of rehabilitation protocols exist to obtain this goal. This article evaluated different rehabilitation protocols using electromyographic analysis of the rotator cuff muscles to determine if the different protocols promote passive motion. Ten healthy volunteers underwent EMG to investigate the relative activity of the rotator cuff muscles during various exercises used postoperatively following shoulder surgery. The exercises tested were continuous passive motion machine (CPM), pulley, pendulum, self-assisted bar raise using the contralateral arm for power, self-assisted internal and external rotation, therapist-assisted elevation in plane of the scapula, and therapist-assisted internal and external rotation. The relative activity of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, and trapezius muscles were measured and expressed as a percentage of maximal activity. For all muscle groups tested, the pulley exercise showed significantly more activity than the CPM machine. In the supraspinatus muscle, the pulley exercise averaged 17.6% of maximal activity and 8.7% for the self-assisted bar raise using contralateral arm power compared with 5.0% for the CPM machine. In general, therapist-assisted exercises and Codman's pendulum exercises showed activity that was not significantly different from the CPM machine. These results indicate that CPM and therapist-assisted passive range of motion, by being more passive, may increase the safety margin for obtaining early passive range of motion without disrupting the rotator cuff repair.
Performance evaluation of inter-domain IP traceback (2003)

IP traceback is technology used to find the true source address of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack with source address spoofing. We focus on IP option traceback (IP-OPT) for inter-domain IP traceback. In the Passive Detection Packet (PDP) method, which is a basic mechanism of IP-OPT, there is a trade off between the amount of trace traffic and the detection time for the path of attack time. However, no analysis of this condition has been made at this time. Thus, we mathematically analyze the tradeoff of PDP, and show that 1.1/spl times/10/sup -4/ is the optimal value of the pacekt generation probability for IP-OPT through numerical experiments.
The mouse homolog of HEN1 is a potential methylase for Piwi-interacting RNAs (2007)

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs that are expressed specifically and abundantly in germ cells. Mammalian piRNAs are 26-31 nucleotides in length and bind to Piwi proteins, but their function and biogenesis remain elusive. We previously showed that mammalian piRNAs are 2'-O-methylated at their 3' termini. The biosynthetic mechanism and function of this modification is unknown. Here, we report that the mouse homolog (mHEN1) of HEN1, a plant microRNA (miRNA) 2'-O-methyltransferase, is expressed specifically in testis and methylates 3' termini of piRNAs in vitro. These findings provide insight into the biogenesis of piRNAs.
Panoramic representation of scenes for route understanding (2002)

A dynamically generated panoramic representation for route recognition by a mobile robot is presented. The strategies employed are route description from experience and route recognition by visual information. In the description phase, panoramic representation, a representation of scenes along a route, is proposed. It is obtained by scanning scenes sideways along the route, which provides rich information, such as a 2-D projection of scenes called panoramic view, a path-oriented 2-1/2-D sketch, and a path description. The continuous panoramic view is more efficient in processing than integrating discrete views into a complete route model. In the recognition phase, the robot matches the panoramic representation from incoming images with that memorized in the previous scan so that it can locate and orient itself in autonomous navigation. Since the panoramic view covers a wide field of view, one can achieve reliable matching using a coarse-to-fine method, starting from a very coarse level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A peer-to-peer-based medical information sharing system (2006)

E-health networks can remove distance and time barriers to the flow of information and knowledge for health. The types of present health information system vary from distributed to centralized systems. However, the distributed systems (peer-to-peer (P2P) systems) for health information sharing are not fully discussed. We have developed a secure, hybrid P2P-based network for medical information sharing. Sixteen hospitals (peers) with various-speed networks (2 to 100 Mbps) joined the hybrid P2P-based system and the system was successfully run. Concerning the total performance of the system all medical personal recognized usefulness of the P2P medical information sharing system
A Cre/LoxP conditional luciferase reporter transgenic mouse for bioluminescence monitoring of tumorigenesis (2009)

Genetically engineered, Cre/LoxP-conditional mouse models of cancer are designed to investigate the genetic contributors of tumorigenesis and are well suited to assess therapeutic treatment responses. The capacity to serially visualize tumor burden in a noninvasive fashion would greatly strengthen their applications. We report the generation of a bioluminescent reporter strain that allows monitoring of tumor development in preexisting conditional mouse tumor models. We demonstrate that, in a Cre-dependent glioblastoma multiforme model, tumor initiation and progression is readily monitored over time and that luminescent output is related to tumor volume. Our results show that this reporter strain may be combined with various Cre/loxP mouse tumor models to allow for noninvasive longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth and therapeutic response in vivo.
Clinical Relevance of IgG Antibodies against Food Antigens in Crohn’s Disease: A Double-Blind Cross-Over Diet Intervention Study (2010)

A nutritional intervention based on circulating IgG antibodies against food antigens showed effects with respect to stool frequency. The mechanisms by which IgG antibodies might contribute to disease activity remain to be elucidated.
New method for removing the S-p-methoxybenzyl and S-t-butyl groups of cysteine residues with mercuric trifluoroacetate. (1978)

The S-p-methoxybenzyl, S-t-butyl and S-1-adamantyl groups of cysteine were smoothly cleaved with mercuric acetate in trifluoroacetic acid or mercuric trifluoroacetate in aqueous acetic acid. The treatment of the formed mercaptides with thiols regenerated cysteine derivatives. This new method was applied to the synthesis of biologically active polypeptides oxytocin and somatostatin.
Raced profiles (2009)

Many problems in embedded compilation require one set of optimizations to be selected over another based on run time performance. Self-tuned libraries, iterative compilation and machine learning techniques all compare multiple compiled program versions. In each, program versions are timed to determine which has the best performance.
Managing prefetch memory for data-intensive online servers (2005)

Data-intensive online servers may contain a significant amount of prefetched data in memory due to large-granularity I/O prefetching and high execution concurrency. Using a traditional access recency or frequency-based page reclamation policy, memory contention can cause a substantial number of prefetched pages to be prematurely evicted before being accessed. This paper presents a new memory management framework that handles prefetched (but not-yet-accessed) pages separately from the rest of the memory buffer cache. We examine three new heuristic policies when a victim page (among the prefetched pages) needs to be identified for eviction: 1) evict the last page of the longest prefetch stream; 2) evict the last page of the least recently accessed prefetch stream; and 3) evict the last page of the prefetch stream whose owner process has consumed the most amount of CPU since it last accessed the prefetch stream. These policies require no application changes or hints on their data access patterns.We have implemented the proposed techniques in the Linux 2.6.10 kernel and conducted experiments based on microbenchmarks and two real application workloads (a trace-driven index searching server and the Apache Web server hosting media clips). Compared with access history-based policies, our memory management scheme can improve the server throughput of real workloads by 11-64% at high concurrency levels. Further, the proposed approach is 10-32% below an approximated optimal page reclamation policy that uses application-provided I/O access hints. The space overhead of our implementation is about 0.4% of the physical memory size.
Functionally mature virus-specific CD8+ T memory cells in congenitally infected newborns: proof of principle for neonatal vaccination? (2003)

The presence in newborns of a mature and functional CD8(+) T cell response to congenital cytomegalovirus infection suggests that the machinery necessary to prime such responses is present in utero and raises questions related to neonatal vaccination.