gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data size optimizations for java programs (2003)

We present a set of techniques for reducing the memory consumption of object-oriented programs. These techniques include analysis algorithms and optimizations that use the results of these analyses to eliminate fields with constant values, reduce the sizes of fields based on the range of values that can appear in each field, and eliminate fields with common default values or usage patterns. We apply these optimizations both to fields declared by the programmer and to implicit fields in the runtime object header. Although it is possible to apply these techniques to any object-oriented program, we expect they will be particularly appropriate for memory-limited embedded systems.We have implemented these techniques in the MIT FLEX compiler system and applied them to the programs in the SPECjvm98 benchmark suite. Our experimental results show that our combined techniques can reduce the maximum live heap size required for the programs in our benchmark suite by as much as 40%. Some of the optimizations reduce the overall execution time; others may impose modest performance penalties.
A digital future for the history of psychology? (2016)

This article discusses the role that digital approaches to the history of psychology are likely to play in the near future. A tentative hierarchy of digital methods is proposed. A few examples are briefly described: a digital repository, a simple visualization using ready-made online database and tools, and more complex visualizations requiring the assembly of the database and, possibly, the analytic tools by the researcher. The relationship of digital history to the old "New Economic History" (Cliometrics) is considered. The question of whether digital history and traditional history need be at odds or, instead, might complement each other is woven throughout. The rapidly expanding territory of digital humanistic research outside of psychology is briefly discussed. Finally, the challenging current employment trends in history and the humanities more broadly are considered, along with the role that digital skills might play in mitigating those factors for prospective academic workers. (PsycINFO Database Record
FCNs in the Wild: Pixel-level Adversarial and Constraint-based Adaptation (2016)

Fully convolutional models for dense prediction have proven successful for a wide range of visual tasks. Such models perform well in a supervised setting, but performance can be surprisingly poor under domain shifts that appear mild to a human observer. For example, training on one city and testing on another in a different geographic region and/or weather condition may result in significantly degraded performance due to pixel-level distribution shift. In this paper, we introduce the first domain adaptive semantic segmentation method, proposing an unsupervised adversarial approach to pixel prediction problems. Our method consists of both global and category specific adaptation techniques. Global domain alignment is performed using a novel semantic segmentation network with fully convolutional domain adversarial learning. This initially adapted space then enables category specific adaptation through a generalization of constrained weak learning, with explicit transfer of the spatial layout from the source to the target domains. Our approach outperforms baselines across different settings on multiple large-scale datasets, including adapting across various real city environments, different synthetic sub-domains, from simulated to real environments, and on a novel large-scale dash-cam dataset.
Sexually transmitted diseases and pelvic inflammatory disease. (2004)

Greater attention to the anamnestic data collection would therefore be the key to focusing the clinical investigations on those who are at a major risk to contracting STDs.
Agricultural field boundary delineation using earth observation methods and multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery (2019)

Accurate and up-to-date agricultural monitoring systems are critical for forecasting crop yield, planning resources and assessing the impact of threats to production (such as droughts or floods).The spatial extent and location of agricultural fields greatly influence these systems.Conventional methods of delineating agricultural fields, such as in situ field surveys and manual interpretation of imagery, are costly and time-consuming and are thus not suitable in an operational context.Automated earth observation techniques offer a cost-effective alternative as they can be used to execute frequent and highly detailed investigations of large areas.However, there are currently no well-established and transferable techniques to automatically delineate agricultural field boundaries.The most promising techniques found in literature include object-based image analysis (OBIA) and edge detection algorithms.This study consequently compared and evaluated multiple OBIA approaches for delineating agricultural field boundaries with multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery.Two sets of experiments were carried out.The first set of experiments compared and evaluated six multi-temporal OBIA approaches with which active agricultural fields in a large irrigation scheme were delineated and identified.These approaches combined two edge enhancement algorithms (Canny and Scharr) and three image segmentation techniques (watershed, multi-threshold and multi-resolution) to create six scenarios.Results showed that the watershed segmentation scenarios outperformed the multi-threshold and multi-resolution segmentation algorithms.In addition, the Canny edge detection algorithm, in conjunction with a segmentation technique, was found to produce higher boundary accuracies than its counterpart, Scharr.In the second set of experiments the best performing scenario from the first set of experiments, namely Canny edge detection in conjunction with watershed segmentation (CEWS), was modified slightly and applied to five regions in South Africa.The purpose of this investigation was to assess the robustness (transferability) of the methodology.A standard per-pixel supervised classification was performed to serve as a benchmark against which the CEWS approach was compared.Results showed that CEWS outperformed the supervised per-pixel classification in all experiments.CEWS' robustness in different agricultural landscapes was furthermore highlighted by its creation of closed field boundaries, independence from training data and transferability.The quantitative experiments carried out in this study lay the foundation for the implementation of an operational workflow for delineating agricultural fields with the use of multi-temporal Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iv Sentinel-2 imagery.The extracted field boundaries will likely aid agricultural monitoring systems in estimating crop yield and improve resource planning and food security assessments.
Ultracentrifuge Sedimentation during the Period of Constant Acceleration (1967)

Initially, the angular velocity of an ultracentrifuge increases at a uniform rate until a given maximum is reached, after which it is maintained at a constant value. The concentration distribution during the accelerating period is obtained as the solution of a one-dimensional approximation to the diffusion equation, analogous to that previously used (Fujita & MacCosham, 1959) for the case of constant angular velocity.
Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system by a general anaesthetic (2003)

An article appearing in this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology shows for the first time that the general anaesthetic propofol inhibits one of the enzymes catalysing endocannabinoid hydrolysis and inactivation, the fatty acid amide hydrolase, thereby enhancing the brain levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in mouse brain. The authors provide evidence that this effect of propofol underlies part of the sedative effects of this compound. The importance of these findings in the light of the likely role of the endocannabinoid system in the control of sleep-wake cycles, and of the possibility of developing therapeutic drugs from substances that manipulate endocannabinoid levels, is discussed.
A NOVEL DUAL-BAND RECONFIGURABLE SQUARE-RING MICROSTRIP ANTENNA (2007)

A novel compact dual-band reconfigurable square-ring microstrip antenna is presented. The tuning is achieved using a single varactor diode connected to a small square patch attached to an inner corner of the square-ring. The square patch perturbs the symmetry and splits the two degenerate modes to create dual-band operation. The frequency ratio in the range of 1.04 to 1.4 can be achieved by the proper selection of the square patch size. The lower resonance frequency can be further decreased by loading the square patch at its corner by a reverse biased varactor diode. The diode has almost no effect on the upper resonance frequency. This technique is used to implement an electronically tunable dual-band antenna on FR4 material with er =4 .5 and 1.5 mm thickness. The size of the ring,the square patch,and the varactor used,are selected to yield a fixed upper resonance frequency at about 1.93 GHz. The resulting lower resonance frequency is tuned from 1.37 to 1.7 GHz in the voltage range from 0 to 30 V,respectively. The measurements agree well with simulation results.
Three-step precise robotic peg-hole insertion operation with symmetric regular polyhedral objects (1999)

Robotic peg-hole insertion operation, the most widely used assembly model, has been extensively investigated. The objective is to design strategies, or hardware, in order to enable a robot to achieve the assembly operation with: (1) higher accuracy than that obtainable directly from the resolution of the robot, (2) a cost lower than manual labour prices and, (3) an operation time in the range from 1.0 to 2.5 secs. There are many strategies provided through the use of specially designed hardware, for example, force sensors and robotic flexible wrists. However, it is difficult to achieve robotic peg-hole insertion with high accuracy, low cost and high speed. In previous work, strategies were designed to achieve the assembly operations without using force sensors or RCC (H. Qiao, B. H. Dalay, J. A. G. Knight, 1996, Robotic assembly operation strategy investigation without force sensors through the research on contact point location and range of peg movement. Proceedings of the IMechE, Journal of Engineering Manufacturing , Vol. 210, pp. 289-307). The strategy development in our work is based on the back-projection concept and the analysis of the allowable range of the peg system, which is constrained by the geometry of the hole system. The allowable range of the peg in the peg-hole system has been established, and features of this allowable range have been studied in detail. Compared with our previous strategies, this paper provides a strategy where the number of the required operational steps is reduced and the assembly process is simplified. The validity of this new method and the allowable initial range of the strategy are also studied. The key point in this paper are as follows: (a) establishing the general allowable range for the peghole system with symmetrical regular polyhedral objects, rather than for the round peg-hole system only, (b) studying the characteristics about this allowable range in more detail and finding out simplified strategies by their utilization, and finding out the allowable initial range for the peg-hole system in the new strategy. This strategy only includes three steps with the peg: (i) first rotated around an axis normal to its axis, (ii) then pushed towards the hole, (iii) then rotated back and inserted into the hole. This paper develops a particular strategy with the following characteristics: (1) it can perform the assembly operation fast, reliably and precisely, (2) there is no need to use force sensors or flexible wrists (3) the operation is simplified through the use of contact forces between the peg and the hole. There are three steps involved in the operation process. This method has been successfully applied to the cylindrical peg-hole insertion operation based on a 29.99 mm diameter peg and a hole with a diameter clearance of 0.02 mm. The operational time averages 1.5 sec. The strategy has been further verified through the simulation process. In addition, other issues about the strategy investigation, which may lead to new strategies, have been discussed.
Synthesis of Vinyl Boronates from Aldehydes by a Practical Boron–Wittig Reaction (2015)

A highly stereoselective boron-Wittig reaction between stable and readily accessible 1,1-bis(pinacolboronates) and aldehydes furnishes a variety of synthetically useful di- and trisubstituted vinyl boronate esters.
Structure of 4-Chlorobenzoyl Coenzyme A Dehalogenase Determined to 1.8 Å Resolution:  An Enzyme Catalyst Generated via Adaptive Mutation<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS-3. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA to 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. The molecular structure of the enzyme/4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA complex was solved by the techniques of multiple isomorphous replacement, solvent flattening, and molecular averaging. Least-squares refinement of the protein model reduced the crystallographic R factor to 18.8% for all measured X-ray data from 30 to 1.8 A resolution. The crystallographic investigation of this dehalogenase revealed that the enzyme is a trimer. Each subunit of the trimer folds into two distinct motifs. The larger, N-terminal domain is characterized by 10 strands of beta-pleated sheet that form two distinct layers which lie nearly perpendicular to one another. These layers of beta-sheet are flanked on either side by alpha-helices. The C-terminal domain extends away from the body of the molecule and is composed of three amphiphilic alpha-helices. This smaller domain is primarily involved in trimerization. The two domains of the subunit are linked together by a cation, most likely a calcium ion. The 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA molecule adopts a curved conformation within the active site such that the 4-hydroxybenzoyl and the adenosine moieties are buried while the pantothenate and pyrophosphate groups of the coenzyme are more solvent exposed. From the three-dimensional structure it is clear that Asp 145 provides the side-chain carboxylate group that adds to form the Meisenheimer intermediate and His 90 serves as the general base in the subsequent hydrolysis step. Many of the structural principles derived from this investigation may be directly applicable to other related enzymes such as crotonase.
H/sub /spl infin// control for suppressing stick-slip in oil well drillstrings (1998)

We show, applying the linear H/sub /spl infin// control design technique, that the suppression of stick-slip oscillations and transient behavior can be largely improved over a PD-like control system currently applied in oil well drilling. Using rough knowledge (e.g. size and induced oscillation frequency) of the friction disturbance, the appropriate choice of dynamic weighting functions can make the closed loop system robust toward the substantial uncertainty in the knowledge of the nonlinear friction. After an introduction to drilling engineering and a description of the drilling system, a condensed analysis of the stick-slip phenomenon in drillstrings and a brief history of control solutions for the drillstring problem are given, and H/sub /spl infin// control solutions for allied systems are described. Then, the general principles of linear H/sub /spl infin// control design are sketched. Subsequently, the H/sub /spl infin// control design technique is applied to design a controller for the system under study. Next, the improved closed-loop behavior toward stick-slip oscillations is shown in simulations and experiments. Conclusions with respect to the results are drawn.
Smart antenna systems for wireless communications (2002)

With the exponentially increasing demand for wireless communications, the capacity of current cellular systems will soon become incapable of handling the growing traffic. Since radio frequencies are diminishing natural resources, there seems to be a fundamental barrier to further capacity increase. Smart antenna systems were proposed to open up another resource, i.e., space, to provide a significant increase of channel capacity and solving or mitigating the aforementioned problems. This paper briefly summarizes the research results on smart antenna systems obtained at The University of Texas at Austin and future challenges in this promising area.
Chemical modification of oxide surfaces with organophosphorus(V) acids and their esters (2006)

Published data on modification of oxide materials with phosphonic and phosphinic acids and their derivatives are systematised and generalised. The regularities of formation of grafted modifier layers on the oxide surfaces are considered. It is shown that phosphonic acids and their derivatives can form dense well-ordered layers. The factors affecting the properties of such layers are analysed. The key applications of these modifiers are considered.
Effects of amino acids on the development of in-vitro matured/in-vitro fertilization bovine embryos in a simple protein-free medium (1995)

The effects of commercially available amino acids, referred to as Eagle's non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and essential amino acids (EAA), on the development of bovine embryos produced by in-vitro maturation and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in a simple modified protein-free KSOM medium containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were studied. Embryos produced by IVF were cultured in an atmosphere of 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 at 39 degrees C for the first 40-44 h in modified KSOM. Then embryos with four or more cells were cultured in modified KSOM-PVA with different amino acids for another 6 days in experiments 1 and 2. In experiment 3, to study embryo hatching and degeneration further as criteria of medium suitability, the culture time was 8 days. In experiment 1, more blastocysts were produced (P < 0.05) in the medium with 0.5 x NEAA (37%) than with 0.25 or 0.5 x EAA (both 15%). In experiment 2, when 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 x concentrations of NEAA were combined with 0.0 and 0.5 x concentrations of EAA, the combination 1.0 x NEAA with 0.5 x EAA resulted in the most blastocysts (39%), with 11% hatching (P < 0.05). Without NEAA, 1.0 x EAA resulted in 6% blastocysts (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, KSOM-PVA with 1.0 x NEAA plus 0.5 x EAA resulted in 41% blastocysts, similar to the 40% blastocysts in KSOM-bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the same amino acids added. When culture was continued for 2 more days, more embryos hatched in these two treatments. These results indicate that the combination of 1.0 x NEAA with 0.5 x EAA promoted blastocyst formation and hatching, but EAA alone was detrimental. With PVA successfully replacing BSA, a completely defined medium resulted, which was equal or superior to complex medium, and is potentially useful for the culture of embryos from other species, such as humans.
High-Flux Solar-Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO <sub>2</sub> and H <sub>2</sub> O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria (2010)

Because solar energy is available in large excess relative to current rates of energy consumption, effective conversion of this renewable yet intermittent resource into a transportable and dispatchable chemical fuel may ensure the goal of a sustainable energy future. However, low conversion efficiencies, particularly with CO(2) reduction, as well as utilization of precious materials have limited the practical generation of solar fuels. By using a solar cavity-receiver reactor, we combined the oxygen uptake and release capacity of cerium oxide and facile catalysis at elevated temperatures to thermochemically dissociate CO(2) and H(2)O, yielding CO and H(2), respectively. Stable and rapid generation of fuel was demonstrated over 500 cycles. Solar-to-fuel efficiencies of 0.7 to 0.8% were achieved and shown to be largely limited by the system scale and design rather than by chemistry.
Histo-differentiation and molecular biology of developing cereal endosperm (1992)

Abstract To elucidate the molecular aspects of cereal endosperm development, a good understanding of the histo-differentiation process is necessary. Reviewing the extensive history of lightand electron-microscopic investigations has revealed similarities between cereals with respect to cell ontogeny. Thus, using barley as a model and taking into account many developmental mutants in this and other species, a model for endosperm differentiation is proposed. Based on this model, molecular studies on endosperm gene-regulation are discussed and the available techniques for further investigations are considered.
Atypical features of a Ure2p glutathione transferase from <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> (2013)

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are known to transfer glutathione onto small hydrophobic molecules in detoxification reactions. The GST Ure2pB1 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium exhibits atypical features, i.e. the presence of two glutathione binding sites and a high affinity towards oxidized glutathione. Moreover, PcUre2pB1 is able to efficiently deglutathionylate GS-phenacylacetophenone. Catalysis is not mediated by the cysteines of the protein but rather by the one of glutathione and an asparagine residue plays a key role in glutathione stabilization. Interestingly PcUre2pB1 interacts in vitro with a GST of the omega class. These properties are discussed in the physiological context of wood degrading fungi.
Determination of bone density by coherent–Compton scattering (1980)

Bone density previously has been determined by counting the number of Compton and coherently scattered photons using incident radiation from 241Am (60 keV). We have improved this technique by using more nearly optimal scattering angles and a higher incident beam energy. Three factors make this method clinically attractive; (a) sensitivity to changes in both bone density and elemental composition, (b) elimination of attenuation corrections for overlaying structures, and (c) the ability to measure the axial skeleton. An intrinsic Ge detector with high resolution (500 eV at 100 keV) allowed measurement of forward scatter at angles as low as 30 degrees (from the incident beam), thereby maximizing the fluence of the coherent photons which are highly forward directed. Preliminary results showed high correlations (r = 0.97-0.99) between the coherent-Compton ratio and density of bone phantoms using both 241Am and 153Gd sources. The skin dose for a measurement using 153Gd was calculated to be 1.5 cGy at 3% counting precision.
Evolution and functional characterization of pectate lyase PEL12, a member of a highly expanded Clonostachys rosea polysaccharide lyase 1 family (2018)

In this study, we aimed to gain insight into diversity and evolution of the PL1 gene family in C. rosea and other Sordariomycete species in relation to their nutritional modes. We show that C. rosea PL1 expansion does not correlate with its mycoparasitic nutritional mode and resembles those of strong plant pathogenic fungi. We further investigated regulation, specificity and function of the C. rosea PEL12 and show that this enzyme is directly involved in degradation of pectin and pectin-related compounds, but not in C. rosea biocontrol.
Building reading skills: Inference (2011)

I have used this activity in the past for students in years 7 and 8 in an effort to improve their close reading skills. The aim is to have students focus on the information 'between the lines' in texts. It helps them to understand the reading process and can also build their confidence by making them conscious of skills they are already employing but have not recognised. It can also be a less overwhelming task for students who lack confidence as the focus is on very short excerpts of text, rather than the entire novel.