gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic image analysis for detecting and quantifying gamma-ray sources in coded-aperture images (1996)

We report the development of an automatic image analysis system that detects gamma-ray source regions in images obtained from a coded aperture, gamma-ray imager. The number of gamma sources in the image is not known prior to analysis. The system counts the number (K) of gamma sources detected in the image and estimates the lower bound for the probability that the number of sources in the image is K. The system consists of a two-stage pattern classification scheme in which the probabilistic neural network is used in the supervised learning mode. The algorithms were developed and tested using real gamma-ray images from controlled experiments in which the number and location of depleted uranium source disks in the scene are known. The novelty of the work lies in the creative combination of algorithms and the successful application of the algorithms to real images of gamma-ray sources.
Cerebral tissue oxygenation and oxidative brain injury during ischemia and reperfusion (2006)

The brain requires glucose and oxygen to maintain neuronal metabolism and function. Cerebral ischemia causes heterogeneous changes in tissue oxygenation and cellular metabolism, with a region of decreased blood flow, the penumbra, surrounding a severely damaged ischemic core. Because oxygenation is central in ischemic neuronal death, it is critical to understand exactly what actual changes occur in interstitial oxygen tension (pO2) in ischemic regions during stroke, particularly the penumbra and ischemic core. Cerebral ischemia induces a complex series of molecular pathways involving signaling mechanisms, gene transcription, and protein formation. Free radicals and oxidative stress have been suggested to be involved in each of the steps in the injury cascade. The goal of this review paper is to summarize the current literature concerning our understanding about cerebral tissue oxygenation changes after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, the subsequent cellular and physiological changes in response to alteration in tissue oxygenation, and treatment strategies utilized to minimize the detrimental effects caused by stroke.
SEGMENTAL ANEUPLOIDY AND THE GENETIC GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE DROSOPHILA GENOME (1972)

By combining elements of two Y-autosome translocations with displaced autosomal breakpoints, it is possible to produce zygotes heterozygous for a deficiency for the region between the breakpoints, and also, as a complementary product, zygotes carrying a duplication for precisely the same region. A set of Y-autosome translocations with appropriately positioned breakpoints, therefore, can in principle be used to generate a non-overlapping set of deficiencies and duplications for the entire autosomal complement.-Using this method, we have succeeded in examining segmental aneuploids for 85% of chromosomes 2 and 3 in order to assess the effects of aneuploidy and to determine the number and location of dosage-sensitive loci in the Drosophila genome (Figure 5). Combining our data with previously reported results on the synthesis of Drosophila aneuploids (see Lindsley and Grell 1968), the following generalities emerge.-1. The X chromosome contains no triplo-lethal loci, few or no haplo-lethal loci, at least seven Minute loci, one hyperploid-sensitive locus, and one locus that is both triplo-abnormal and haplo-abnormal. 2. Chromosome 2 contains no triplo-lethal loci, few or no haplo-lethal loci, at least 17 Minute loci, and at least four other haplo-abnormal loci. 3. Chromosome 3 contains one triplo-lethal locus that is also haplo-lethal, few or no other haplo-lethal loci, at least 16 Minute loci, and at least six other haplo-abnormal loci. 4. Chromosome 4 contains no triplo-lethal loci, no haplo-lethal loci, one Minute locus, and no other haplo-abnormal loci.-Thus, the Drosophila genome contains 57 loci, aneuploidy for which leads to a recognizable effect on the organism: one of these is triplo-lethal and haplo-lethal, one is triplo-abnormal and haplo-abnormal, one is hyperploid-sensitive, ten are haplo-abnormal, 41 are Minutes, and three are either haplo-lethals or Minutes. Because of the paucity of aneuploid-lethal loci, it may be concluded that the deleterious effects of aneuploidy are mostly the consequence of the additive effects of genes that are slightly sensitive to abnormal dosage. Moreover, except for the single triplo-lethal locus, the effects of hyperploidy are much less pronounced than those of the corresponding hypoploidy.
An analysis of the role of nonreactive plasticizers in the crosslinking reactions of a rigid resin (2016)

ABSTRACT A uniform dispersion of reactants is necessary to achieve a complete reaction involving multiple components. Using a combination of infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and low field NMR, we have elucidated the role of a new class of nonreactive plasticizers on the crosslinking reaction between hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and phenol formaldehyde resin. These two seemingly dissimilar reactants are responsible for the exceptionally high mechanical strength in a number of organic–inorganic composites. The efficiency of the curing reaction is characterized by the changing functionality of HMTA. Infrared active vibrations are used to characterize the changing molecular structures as a function of temperature. The T 1 spin‐lattice relaxation time is used for the characterization of segmental dynamics of the chains in the formation of the crosslinked product. The segmental mobility depends on the amount of crosslinking and the stiffness of the chain. This study shows that this new class of nonreactive plasticizer can induce highly crosslinked structures without any of the environmental impact of the current technology. An efficient crosslinking reaction in phenolic resin can be achieved by using methyl benzoate as a nonreacting plasticizer. Low field NMR, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy (mid and near) and DSC, clarified the crosslinking reaction mechanism and the ensuing structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55 , 206–213
Imaging of EdU, an Alkyne-Tagged Cell Proliferation Probe, by Raman Microscopy (2011)

Click-free imaging of the nuclear localization of an alkyne-tagged cell proliferation probe, EdU, in living cells was achieved for the first time by means of Raman microscopy. The alkyne tag shows an intense Raman band in a cellular Raman-silent region that is free of interference from endogenous molecules. This approach may eliminate the need for click reactions in the detection of alkyne-labeled molecules.
Dermatologic manifestations of AIDS in children. (1991)

A wide variety of clinical expressions of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been apparent from the earliest case reports in adult patients and pediatric patients. Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS in children are associated with an increased prevalence of several dermatologic manifestations. In this article we present a review of the recent literature describing the cutaneous manifestations of pediatric AIDS. The cutaneous manifestations of AIDS in children can be divided into three categories: (1) neoplastic manifestations; (2) viral, bacterial and fungal manifestations, and (3) vascular lesions and other manifestations. Pediatricians as well as dermatologists may be the first physicians to recognize and to treat the clinical manifestations of AIDS.
Ion Exchange Selectivity Scales for Cations in Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid Media with a Sulfonated Polystyrene Resin. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exchange Selectivity Scales for Cations in Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid Media with a Sulfonated Polystyrene Resin.F. W. E. Strelow, Ruthild. Rethemeyer, and C. J. C. BothmaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 1, 106–111Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60220a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60220a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1275Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Two Forms of Intensive Speech Treatment for Parkinson Disease (1995)

This study investigated the effect of two forms of intensive speech treatment, (a) respiration (R) and (b) voice and respiration (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment [LSVT]), on the speech and voice deficits associated with idiopathic Parkinson disease. Forty-five subjects with Idiopathic Parkinson disease completed extensive pretreatment neurological, otolaryngological, neuropsychological, and speech assessments. All subjects completed 16 sessions of intensive speech treatment, 4 times a week for 1 month. Pre- and post-treatment measures included intensity and maximum duration during sustained vowel phonation. Intensity, habitual fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency variability, and utterance and pause duration were measured during reading of the "Rainbow Passage" and conversational monologue as well. Family and subject self-ratings were completed pre- and post-treatment for the perceptual variables loudness, monotonicity, hoarseness, overall intelligibility, and initiation of conversation. Significant pre- to post-treatment improvements were observed for more variables and were of greater magnitude for the subjects who received the voice and respiration treatment (LSVT). Only subjects who received the LSVT rated a significant decrease post-treatment on the impact of Parkinson disease on their communication. Correlations between descriptive prognostic variables (i.e., stage of disease, speech/voice severity rating, depression, and time since diagnosis) and magnitude of treatment-related change indicated these factors did not significantly predict treatment effectiveness. These findings suggest that intensive voice and respiration (LSVT) treatment, focusing on increased vocal fold adduction and respiration, is more effective than respiration (R) treatment alone for improving vocal intensity and decreasing the impact of Parkinson disease on communication.
Relapse after localized rhabdomyosarcoma: Evaluation of the efficacy of second‐line chemotherapy (2015)

Salvage chemotherapy plays a central role in the management of patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. CEV/IVE and VI(T) regimens can be recommended as neoadjuvant chemotherapy before local treatment for patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma.
Adaptive interpretation as a means of exploiting complex instruction sets (1983)

In this paper we concentrate on the effect of instruction set architecture on the performance potential of a computer system. These issues are key in considerations of what instruction set is most appropriate for the support of high level languages on general purpose machines. Two possible approaches are so called complex instruction sets, such as those of the VAX and IAPX 432, and the “reduced” instruction set of the RISC I [2] microcomputer, which is expected to have performance similar to that of a VAX 11-780. We propose a method of instruction set interpretation that takes advantage of the architectural features of complex instruction sets. These methods have been simulated executing real programs and in the case of the VAX instruction set have resulted in a typical improvement of a factor of two, assuming the same cycle time as the VAX 11-780. The techniques presented exploit the context available in a complex instruction and retain this information for use in subsequent execution of that instruction. Since this context is available only within a single instruction, low level instruction sets cannot benefit from this technique. In this sense the reduced instruction set machines as implemented in RISC are at their architectural limits, while complex instruction sets such as the VAX are far from theirs. For these reasons, complex instruction sets can have a significantly greater performance potential than a RISC instruction set for a given technology.
Graph Frequency Analysis of Brain Signals (2016)

This paper presents methods to analyze functional brain networks and signals from graph spectral perspectives. The notion of frequency and filters traditionally defined for signals supported on regular domains such as discrete time and image grids has been recently generalized to irregular graph domains, and defines brain graph frequencies associated with different levels of spatial smoothness across the brain regions. Brain network frequency also enables the decomposition of brain signals into pieces corresponding to smooth or rapid variations. We relate graph frequency with principal component analysis when the networks of interest denote functional connectivity. The methods are utilized to analyze brain networks and signals as subjects master a simple motor skill. We observe that brain signals corresponding to different graph frequencies exhibit different levels of adaptability throughout learning. Further, we notice a strong association between graph spectral properties of brain networks and the level of exposure to tasks performed, and recognize the most contributing and important frequency signatures at different levels of task familiarity.
The development of the filtered-U algorithm for active noise control (1990)

The filtered-X algorithm discussed by Widrow and Burgess is a modified form of the LMS algorithm for use when there are transfer functions in the auxiliary path following the adaptive filter. To ensure convergence of the algorithm, the input to the error correlators is filtered by a copy of these auxiliary path transfer functions. More recently, Eriksson has presented a new approach to active noise control in the presence of acoustic feedback that uses an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter structure with a modified form of the RLMS algorithm. This algorithm may be described as a filtered-U algorithm since it uses a copy of the auxiliary path transfer functions to filter the generalized input vector to the error correlators of both the direct and recursive elements of the filter to ensure convergence. The relationship of the filtered-U to the filtered-X algorithm and other earlier concepts will be discussed.
A closed eye contact lens model of corneal inflammation. Part 2: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolism alleviates inflammatory sequelae. (1995)

This study further substantiates the involvement of cytochrome P450, through the synthesis of 12-HETE and 12-HETrE, in the inflammatory response associated with hydrogel contact lens wear in the closed eye. Thus, inhibition of cytochrome P450, with subsequent decreases in 12-HETE and 12-HETrE, may attenuate the pathophysiologic response to contact lens wear in the closed eye.
A comparison of key aspects of gene regulation in <scp><i>S</i></scp><i>treptomyces coelicolor</i> and <scp><i>E</i></scp><i>scherichia coli</i> using nucleotide‐resolution transcription maps produced in parallel by global and differential <scp>RNA</scp> sequencing (2014)

Streptomyces coelicolor is a model for studying bacteria renowned as the foremost source of natural products used clinically. Post-genomic studies have revealed complex patterns of gene expression and links to growth, morphological development and individual genes. However, the underlying regulation remains largely obscure, but undoubtedly involves steps after transcription initiation. Here we identify sites involved in RNA processing and degradation as well as transcription within a nucleotide-resolution map of the transcriptional landscape. This was achieved by combining RNA-sequencing approaches suited to the analysis of GC-rich organisms. Escherichia coli was analysed in parallel to validate the methodology and allow comparison. Previously, sites of RNA processing and degradation had not been mapped on a transcriptome-wide scale for E. coli. Through examples, we show the value of our approach and data sets. This includes the identification of new layers of transcriptional complexity associated with several key regulators of secondary metabolism and morphological development in S. coelicolor and the identification of host-encoded leaderless mRNA and rRNA processing associated with the generation of specialized ribosomes in E. coli. New regulatory small RNAs were identified for both organisms. Overall the results illustrate the diversity in mechanisms used by different bacterial groups to facilitate and regulate gene expression.
Low frequency sound as a control measure for zebra mussel fouling (1995)

The study of the effect of acoustic energy on zebra mussels first began in the Soviet Union over 30 years ago, where researchers indicated the feasibility of reducing Dreissena fouling, in particular on cooling systems. However, these studies were discontinued due to the successful use of chlorination and the relatively low level of technology at that time in the Soviet Union. Interest in the use of acoustic energy as a control measure has been revived, and the three major approaches are: (1) cavitation, (2) sound treatment, and (3) sound treatment. The objective of the present paper is to determine the feasibility and effectivensss of low frequency sound techniques to fight zebra mussel fouling. A number of experiments were performed, and the results are presented and discussed. It is concluded that low frequency sound can be an effective means of control of zebra mussel fouling.
Automatic estimation of Parkinson's disease severity from diverse speech tasks (2015)

The need for reliable, scalable and efficient diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a major clinical need. Automating the diagnosis can lead to more accurate and objective predictions as well as provide insights regarding the nature of Parkinson’s condition. This paper proposes a fully automated system to rate the severity (UPDRS-III scale) of PD from patients’ speech. Specifically, the system captures atypicalities in an individual’s voice when performing multiple diverse speaking tasks and makes a unified prediction of the PD severity. The performance is tested in a cross-data setting, with different subjects and dissimilar recording conditions. Results indicate that (i) effective features vary depending on the nature of the specific speech task, (ii) additional novel feature sets to detect distortions in Parkinson’s speech significantly improve the prediction accuracy from the Interspeech15 Challenge baseline system and (iii) our fusion system based on an unsupervised clustering technique also improves the accuracy. Our system incorporates ivector and functionals for segmental features, non-linear time series features, speech rhythm and automatic speech recognition decoding based features. By its application on the Interspeech15 eating condition challenge, the system also shows its potential for detecting other sources of speech variability.
Selection of a precursor of a monofunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane reacted with aromatic diamines (2004)

Abstract With the aim of selecting a precursor of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) reacted with aromatic diamines for its incorporation into an epoxy network, to generate an organic–inorganic hybrid material containing POSS, a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (glycidylisobutyl–POSS) was reacted with the diamines 4,4′‐methylenebis(2,6‐diethylaniline) (MDEA), 4,4′‐diaminediphenylmethane (DDM), and 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenediisopropylidene)bisaniline (BSA), at 160°C and different times, in a proportion rich in amines. The distribution of species in the reaction was followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). From the experimental data obtained the selected precursor was POSS/BSA reacted at 160°C for 20 or 30 min, to ensure that all the POSS was reacted, that there was a maximum of the monosubstituted amines, and that there was no degradation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1576–1583, 2004
Unravelling the effects of radiation forces in water (2014)

The effect of radiation forces at the interface between dielectric materials has been a long-standing debate for over a century. Yet there has been so far only limited experimental verification in complete accordance with the theory. Here we measure the surface deformation at the air-water interface induced by continuous and pulsed laser excitation and match this to rigorous theory of radiation forces. We demonstrate that the experimental results are quantitatively described by the numerical calculations of radiation forces. The Helmholtz force is used for the surface radiation pressure. The resulting surface pressure obtained is consistent with the momentum conservation using the Minkowski momentum density expression assuming that the averaged momentum per photon is given by the Minkowski momentum. Considering the total momentum as a sum of that propagating with the electromagnetic wave and that deposited locally in the material, the Abraham momentum interpretation also appears to be appropriate.
Is a “movable hinge axis” used by the human stomatognathic system? (2006)

This treatise deals with sagittal in vivo motions of the human mandible. The concept of a “movable hinge axis”, which is commonly used in dentistry, was scrutinised theoretically and empirically. We wondered whether a “movable hinge axis” – or better a mandibularly fixed hinge axis (MFHA) – was actually used by subjects with sound temporomandibular joints. To answer this question we first showed that the assumptions of a MFHA would comprise that of the neuromuscular apparatus of the stomatognathic system piloting the mandible by solely two kinematical degrees of freedom (DOF). We spatially recorded in vivo motions of mandibles with high-precision ultrasonic devices. The subjects were asked to guide their mandibles in sagittal movements so that the lower incisal edges ran along the Posselt diagrams. The mathematical procedure is described in detail, hence a possible use of two DOF by a subject could quickly be puzzled out from a set of motions. These analyses revealed that the quasi-plane mandibular movements were approximately piloted by two kinematical DOF in subjects with sound temporomandibular joints. The grade of approximation was measured. Thus, the ensemble of possible positions of the moved body (mandible) can be described by a coordinate system, which is inherent in the stomatognathic system. Lacking precision and poor reproducibility in using only two variables for mandibular position control yield hints that the subject has clinical problems in his stomatognathic system. Key words: human mandible, mandibular movements, movable hinge axis, degrees of freedom, inherent coordinate system, neuromuscular system 1.
Protein phosphatase and TRAIL receptor genes as new candidate tumor genes on chromosome 8p in prostate cancer. (2008)

Our data strongly support a recent proposal that a segment at 8p21.3 contains crucial prostate cancer tumor suppressors. In addition, they raise the paradoxical issue of why TRAIL decoy receptors rather than death receptors are down-regulated in aggressive prostate cancer.