gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and optical properties of arrays of small gold particles (1984)

Square arrays of 20–35-nm-diam gold particles with 50-nm spacings were formed on thick sapphire substrates by electron beam lithography. After annealing at 125 °C the particles had an approximately circular projection on the substrate with a slightly smaller dimension in the perpendicular direction as inferred from scanning electron microscopy. Optical transmission measurements were made on 15-μm square areas of particles using an optical microscope modified for microspectroscopy. The regular geometry of the well characterized samples makes possible a detailed comparison to theory.
Architectural trade-offs in dynamically reconfigurable processors (2004)

This dissertation deals with the design and evaluation of dynamically reconfigurable processor architectures targeting the embedded computing domain.The main objective is the investigation of the architectural trade-offs involved in terms of computational performance and chip area.
Evolution of local interconnect network (LIN) solutions (2003)

Automotive networking has developed a great deal over the last two decades, but its beginnings are in simple protocols based on readily available components such as the universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). Designers have sought to use these basic components to take the benefits of networking into even the simplest sensors and actuators of the vehicle. This goal has been economically unsound due to product volumes being spread out to support many proprietary protocols. The LIN specification could allow this economic barrier to be broken as it gains momentum as a global standard for networked sensor and actuator systems for the automotive industry. The LIN specification is changing and LIN revision 2.0 will provide solutions and new challenges to automakers and suppliers alike. Some of these solutions have the potential to help the LIN consortium and automakers around the globe finally deliver on that promise of having a single global standard.
Performance of monocrystalline diamond radiation detectors fabricated using TiW, Cr/Au and a novel ohmic DLC/Pt/Au electrical contact (2008)

Diamond radiation detectors are able to detect deep UV photons, X-rays, gamma rays, electrons, alpha particles, charged ions and neutrons, with a dynamic range in energies spanning from 5.5 eV up to GeV of cosmic rays. Since the bandgap of diamond is 5.5 eV this equates into negligible dark current noise at room temperature with no need for cooling. Metal diamond interfaces play a key role in the performance of the detectors as different metallization techniques lead to either ohmic or Schottky electrical contacts. We investigated the performance of synthetic high purity monocrystalline diamond radiation detectors fabricated with TiW, Cr/Au and a novel metallization technique utilising diamond-like carbon tunnelling junction and Pt/Au as electrical contacts. The investigation was carried out under irradiation with Co-60 γ-rays, Sr-90 electrons and Am-241 α-particles. The experimental results with respect to I –V dark current levels, irradiation photocurrent, signal-to-noise ratio and time response have been compared and discussed. Results show an ohmic behaviour of the DLC/Pt/Au contact, a charge collection efficiency of 100% at an applied electric field of 0.377 V/um for all electrical contacts (under Sr-90 electrons irradiation) at a correspondent dark current value of less than a picoAmpere.The single crystal CVD DLC/Pt/Au diamond radiation detector reported here shows spectroscopic energy resolution of 1.1% at an applied voltage of +450 volts under 5.5 MeV alpha particle irradiation; the experiments also showed a fast response of the novel contact with a transit time pulse of 6 ns. No ‘memory’ or ‘pumping’ effect was observed for the DLC/Pt/Au contact at positive bias; the signal was also stable (fluctuations below 0.5%) and reproducible under Co-60 irradiation, with a signal to noise ratio ≫ 10000:1 and a linearity in the dose rate response.
Flt3L Combined with Rapamycin Promotes Cardiac Allograft Tolerance by Inducing Regulatory Dendritic Cells and Allograft Autophagy in Mice (2012)

The induction of immune tolerance is still a formidable challenge in organ transplantation. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in orchestrating immune responses by either mediating protective immune responses or inducing antigen specific tolerance. Previous studies demonstrated that the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt3) and its ligand (Flt3L) play an essential role in the regulation of DC commitment and development. Here, we report a synergic effect between Flt3L and low-dose rapamycin (Rapa) in the protection of allograft rejction. It was found that Flt3L combined with Rapa significantly prolonged murine cardiac allograft survival time as compared with that of untreated recipients or recipients treated with Rapa or Flt3L alone. Mechanistic studies revealed that Flt3L combined with low-dose of Rapa induced the generation of tolerogenic DCs along with the production of CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and IL-10 secretion. We also observed enhanced autophagy in the cardiac allograft, which could be another asset contributing to the enhanced allograft survival. All together, these data suggest that Flt3L combined with low-dose of Rapa could be an effective therapeutic approach to induce tolerance in clinical setting of transplantation.
Sensory Properties Determined by Starch Type in White Sauces: Effects of Freeze/Thaw and Hydrocolloid Addition (2010)

The effect of 5 types of starch (rice, potato, waxy corn, corn, and modified waxy corn) on the sensory properties of white sauces was studied. A comparative study was also made of variations resulting from freezing/thawing and effect of replacing 0.15% starch with 2 nonstarchy hydrocolloids, xanthan gum (XG), or locust bean gum (LBG) in samples to be frozen. The sensory properties were studied through descriptive analysis by a panel of 10 trained judges. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis were used to group each of the samples according to the scores for consistency, resilience, graininess, thickness, heterogeneity, creaminess, and mouth coating, the sensory attributes which were chosen to define the sauces under study. Significant differences were found between the different starches employed: the rice and modified starches presented similar behavior to each other, as did the potato starch and corn starch, while the waxy starch sauce stood apart from the rest because of its resilience. The freeze/thaw cycle had the greatest effect on the corn-starch sauce, increasing its graininess and heterogeneity values owing to retrogradation. Adding XG or LBG to the sauces subjected to a period of freezing/thawing did not have a significant effect on the sensory attributes of the reheated sauces made with rice, potato, or waxy or modified starch, but lower graininess and heterogeneity values were observed in the sauce made with corn starch.
Involvement of the Sp3 Transcription Factor in Induction of p21 in Keratinocyte Differentiation (1997)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is induced in several in vitro terminal differentiation systems as well as in differentiating tissues in vivo. To determine the mechanism responsible for p21 induction during differentiation of mouse primary keratinocytes, we performed a deletion analysis of the p21 promoter. The minimal region of the p21 promoter required for its induction in keratinocyte differentiation consists of a contiguous stretch of 78 base pairs, which contains a GC-rich region as well as the TATA box. We determined that transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3, present in primary keratinocyte nuclear extracts, bind the GC region concomitantly. Expression studies established that both Sp1 and Sp3 activate the p21 promoter, but showed that only Sp3 overexpression enhances promoter inducibility during differentiation. Furthermore, disruption of the GC-rich region dramatically decreases transcription factor binding as well as promoter activity and inducibility upon differentiation. The overexpression of either Sp1 or Sp3 restores the basal activity of the disrupted promoter, but only Sp3 can restore its inducibility. These findings show that both Sp1 and Sp3 can contribute to the basal activity of the p21 promoter, and establish Sp3 as a specific transcription factor involved in the induction of p21 promoter during keratinocyte differentiation.
Studying and increasing light stability of rotomolding grade of polyethylene (2008)

Abstract This article covers the state‐of‐the‐art light stabilizer for rotational molding and the influence of synergistic effects between light and thermal stabilizers, which improve physical and mechanical properties. Different formulations of polyethylene (PE) with light stabilizer, thermal stabilizer, and acid scavenger have been produced in twin‐screw extruder. To study the light stability, sheets that produced by injection‐molding machine have been put in weather‐ometer instrument for 1000 h. After and before that, physical and mechanical properties have been evaluated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Three‐dimensional Image Correction of Tilted Samples Through Coordinate Transformation (2008)

In scanned probe measurements of micrometer- or nanometer-scale lines, it is nearly impossible to maintain the sample in a perfectly level position, and even a small amount of tilt can contribute to the accuracy of the result of the measure such as linewidth or step height. The current practice in image processing to deal with this problem is to conduct a line-by-line analysis to find the best fit of the substrate profile and subtract this background from all data points, thus describing 3D plane turns as a series of lines and processing them in succession in the x- or y-direction. In this paper a coordinate transformation method is proposed. The new coordinate system can be established on the basis of the inclined angle of the sample as well as the translation of three axes between the old coordinate system and the new coordinate system. The method can mathematically derive and hence correct all tilts around the x-, y- and z-axes and produce a leveled image simultaneously. Feature dimensions such as width, height, sidewall angle and pitch are calculated on the basis of simulated images using the coordinate transformation method and other methods. The result shows the advantage of the proposed method.
Human Circadian Rhythms: Lessons from the Blind (1993)

(1993). Human Circadian Rhythms: Lessons from the Blind. Annals of Medicine: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 303-305.
676. Separation of the lanthanons with the aid of ethylenediamine-NNN′N′-tetra-acetic acid (“enta” acid). Part III. The salt H<sub>4</sub>Na<sub>4</sub>Ln<sub>4</sub>enta<sub>5</sub>,24H<sub>2</sub>O and its use (a) in fractional crystallisation, and (b) in double-sulphate precipitation (1951)

J. K. Marsh, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 3057 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510003057
The micro-sandblasting technique as a new tool for the evaluation of the state of conservation of natural stone and mortar surfaces (2012)

Abstract This work concerns a feasibility study about the possibility to evaluate the state of conservation of the monumental and historical stone and mortar surfaces with a micro-sandblasting system composed by a micro-sandblasting device and a micro-photogrammetry. The former creates a shallow crater on the surface operating at constant conditions (pressure of the jet, distance nozzle-surface), while the latter let us to quantify the volume of the crater through a 3D digital reconstruction. The work was focused on the validation of the methodology selecting the best operative conditions. To this aim, a set of tests were carried out on small glass specimens followed by tests made on natural stone materials and mortars. The results obtained have outlined the repeatability of the data and the possibility to discriminate among natural stone materials and mortar having different physical characteristics and mechanical behaviours. Keywords: micro-sandblastingmicro-photogrammetrynatural stone materialsmortarsconservation Acknowledgement ST@RT Project, Tuscany Region, Italy.
Viral therapy: Prospects for protease inhibitors (1986)

Antiviral activities of known protease inhibitors were assayed in virus-infected cell cultures. Some members of the cystatin superfamily, in particular chicken cystatin, were able to block virus replication. In a binding assay, using purified components, chicken and human cystatin were able to bind poliovirus protease with affinities which were reflected in their relative antiviral potencies. Prospects for application of protease inhibitors in clinical viral infections are discussed.
CCL3 promotes angiogenesis by dysregulation of miR-374b/ VEGF-A axis in human osteosarcoma cells (2015)

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor, characterized by a high metastatic potential. However, the crosstalk between chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), which facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an angiogenesis inducer and a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells, has not been well explored in human osteosarcoma. Here we demonstrate the correlation of CCL3 and VEGF-A expressions, quantified by immunohistochemistry, with the tumor stage of human osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma cells that subsequently induces human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration and tube formation. Phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 was found after CCL3 stimulation. In addition, JNK, ERK, and p38 inhibitors also abolished CCL3-induced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis. We noted that CCL3 reduces the expression of miR-374b and miR-374b mimic by reversing CCL3-promoted VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma cells by down-regulating miR-374b expression via JNK, ERK, and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, CCL3 may be a new molecular therapeutic target in osteosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis.
Role of biomarkers in the management of antibiotic therapy: an expert panel review II: clinical use of biomarkers for initiation or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy (2013)

Biomarker-guided initiation of antibiotic therapy has been studied in four conditions: acute pancreatitis, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), meningitis, and sepsis in the ICU. In pancreatitis with suspected infected necrosis, initiating antibiotics best relies on fine-needle aspiration and demonstration of infected material. We suggest that PCT be measured to help predict infection; however, available data are insufficient to decide on initiating antibiotics based on PCT levels. In adult patients suspected of community-acquired LRTI, we suggest withholding antibiotic therapy when the serum PCT level is low (<0.25 ng/mL); in patients having nosocomial LRTI, data are insufficient to recommend initiating therapy based on a single PCT level or even repeated measurements. For children with suspected bacterial meningitis, we recommend using a decision rule as an aid to therapeutic decisions, such as the Bacterial Meningitis Score or the Meningitest®; a single PCT level ≥0.5 ng/mL also may be used, but false-negatives may occur. In adults with suspected bacterial meningitis, we suggest integrating serum PCT measurements in a clinical decision rule to help distinguish between viral and bacterial meningitis, using a 0.5 ng/mL threshold. For ICU patients suspected of community-acquired infection, we do not recommend using a threshold serum PCT value to help the decision to initiate antibiotic therapy; data are insufficient to recommend using PCT serum kinetics for the decision to initiate antibiotic therapy in patients suspected of ICU-acquired infection. In children, CRP can probably be used to help discontinue therapy, although the evidence is limited. In adults, antibiotic discontinuation can be based on an algorithm using repeated PCT measurements. In non-immunocompromised out- or in- patients treated for RTI, antibiotics can be discontinued if the PCT level at day 3 is < 0.25 ng/mL or has decreased by >80-90%, whether or not microbiological documentation has been obtained. For ICU patients who have nonbacteremic sepsis from a known site of infection, antibiotics can be stopped if the PCT level at day 3 is < 0.5 ng/mL or has decreased by >80% relative to the highest level recorded, irrespective of the severity of the infectious episode; in bacteremic patients, a minimal duration of therapy of 5 days is recommended.
On a methodology for the design and evaluation of a class of application-oriented parallel computer architectures (2002)

A systematic methodology for design and evaluation of a class of application-oriented parallel computer architectures is defined, presented and investigated. The methodology is based on adding quantitative characterizations of communication and computation operators to a model of parallel computation. The general technique (based on an exhaustive enumeration) for implementing the methodology is intractable, and heuristics are defined to implement the methodology in polynomial time. Logical and arithmetic edge characterizations of a graphical representation of the target applications are used to derive guidelines for selective applications of the heuristics. The guidelines may be used to apply a subset of the heuristics when special case redundancies exist, or to apply alternate techniques when some of the heuristics can not be implemented effectively for the target application. A procedure for implementing the guidelines, properties of the heuristics, and related open problems are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Nilotinib treatment for imatinib resistant or intolerant chronic myelogenous leukemia.]. (2010)

Nilotinib is a more effective and safe treatment option for imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML-CP patients.
A Hybrid ARQ Scheme Based on Shortened Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2008)

This paper presents a hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme based on shortened low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Although conventional incremental redundancy HARQ (IR-HARQ) schemes based on punctured LDPC codes can achieve high throughput, puncturing slows the convergence of iterative decoding, and moreover, LDPC codes originally designed to be high-rate generally have lower decoding complexity for each iteration than low-rate codes. This makes computational complexity at high rates a problem for conventional IR-HARQ schemes. The proposed HARQ scheme uses a high-rate mother code: for a retransmission request, information bits are divided into smaller sub-blocks, and additional parity bits are generated for one of the sub-blocks to be used as a shortened form of the mother code. In order to achieve high throughput with the proposed HARQ scheme, it is necessary for the shortened codes of all the sub-blocks to perform well. A multi-edge type code-design is employed to construct irregular LDPC codes that meet this requirement. Simulation results show that the proposed HARQ scheme can achieve throughput comparable to that of a conventional IR-HAQR scheme over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and with lower computational complexity.
The Sound of an Album Cover: Probabilistic Multimedia and IR (2002)

Sex determination in egg-laying amniotes may be fundamentally different from that of placental mammals. The mammalian ovary differentiates normally in the absence of estrogen, whereas estrogen seems to be crucial for proper ovarian development in birds, reptiles, and lower vertebrates. Estrogens are produced normally by the biosynthetic conversion of androgens by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19), which is the sole mediator of this reaction. Aromatase inhibitors are capable of reversing females to males in turtles and chickens; therefore, a role for aromatase as the female sex determinant has been postulated for species in which sex determination is temperature-dependent. The entire aromatase coding sequence (1,509 base pairs) from adult terrapin ovaries was cloned, and Northern analysis indicates a single transcript (2.4 kb) for adult ovaries, whereas male and female brains express a 2.4-kb as well as a 9.6-kb transcript. Using a sensitive (attomole sensitivity) competitive RT-PCR technique, aromatase transcript abundance was quantified during embryonic development for embryos treated with and without estrogen. Aromatase is transcribed, well before the temperature-sensitive, (stage 12), at both male and female temperatures in the brain. There is a switch to lower aromatase transcript abundance in the female brain concurrent with an exponential rise of aromatase transcript in the putative ovary. Transcripts remain below the detection limits in the putative testes but exhibit female levels of aromatase transcript when treated with estrogen. Aromatase mRNA levels are generally reduced in the brain by estradiol application. On the basis of these findings, we have postulated a model based on the competition between 5 alpha-reductase and P450 aromatase for androgen substrate in both the brain and the undifferentiated gonad to explain the TSD phenomenon in reptiles.
Polyunsaturated monoglycerides and a pregnadiene in defensive glands of the water beetle <i>Agabus affinis</i> (2000)

In addition to the C21 steroid 15alpha-hydroxypregna-4,6-dien-3,20-dione, four 1- or 2-acylated polyunsaturated monoglycerides, 1- or 2-(cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol and 1- or 2-(cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoyl)glycerol were identified as constituents of the prothoracic defensive gland secretion of the dytiscid beetle Agabus affinis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of trimethylsilylated gland extracts. In a feeding assay with minnows, synthetic samples of the two 2-acylated monoglycerides showed only a weak activity as a feeding deterrent. For that reason, other possible functions of the monoglycerides are discussed, such as roles as emulsifiers of cannabimimetics.
Simple Q factor monitoring for BER estimation using opened eye diagrams captured by high-speed asynchronous electrooptical sampling (2003)

We propose a new signal-quality (Q factor) monitoring method that uses opened eye diagrams captured by asynchronous sampling. The use of high-speed asynchronous electrooptical sampling makes fixed timing Q factor monitoring simple to perform. The method is experimentally compared to the existing averaged Q factor method.
A wireless V2H apparatus with a new SiC-MOSFET and unique bidirectional controlled single-ended converter (2017)

This paper deals with attractive voltage-source single-ended sub-resonant HF inverter as a simple wireless power transfer (WPT) based on unidirectional IPT in addition to Dual Active HF inverter and HF rectifier as transmitter and receiver of WPT is developed for bidirectional EV2H smart energy management architecture. Firstly, the voltage source single-ended sub-resonant HF inverter using a single power switch; RC-IGBT or SiC-MOSFET which regulates under the principle of PWM adaptive PFM scheme is developed for unidirectional WPT with symmetrical circular coils and its power losses analysis of RC-IGBT or SiC-MOSFET is carried out and evaluated from an experimental point of view. Secondary, the cost-effective Dual Active configuration based on voltage-source single-ended sub-resonant HF inverter-HF rectifier topology is demonstrated and discussed including working principle and operating performances from an experimental viewpoint. Thirdly, the comparative performance evaluations due to RC-IGBT or new SiC-MOSFET for bidirectional WPT using this HF inverter are illustrated from some feasible data. Finally, the practical effectiveness of bidirectional IPT based on Dual Active HF configuration principle is confirmed for EV2H/H2EV in smart energy utilizations.