gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quail Management: Issues, Concerns, and Solutions for Public and Private Lands - A Southeastern Perspective (2017)

Biologists generally assume that habitat loss, fragmentation, and conversion resulting from changes in landuse are primarily responsible for the nearly rangewide declines in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) abundance noted since at least 1990. Few data-based analyses have addressed this relationship at broad spatial scales. We used data on northern bobwhite abundance from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS; 1966–1999) and county-level landuse from the U.S. Census of Agriculture (COA; 1978, 1987, 1997) to evaluate how 9 landuse variables related to northern bobwhite abundance at the rangewide spatial scale. We also explored the relationship between cropland cover and northern bobwhite abundance by state, physiographic region, and using a moving window approach. Although northern bobwhite abundance typically decreased at the rangewide spatial scale, trends in abundance varied considerably spatially, either exhibiting no trend or increasing in many western and northern portions of this species’ range. While both spatial and temporal patterns in landuse were obvious, there were no clear univariate or multivariate relationships among these variables and bobwhite abundance that could be applied universally across this species’ range. The relationship between cropland cover and northern bobwhite abundance based on physiographic regions was more interpretable than that based on political boundaries (states). When data were used to define spatial patterns between cropland cover and northern bobwhite abundance, spatially consistent and temporally persistent patterns were obtained. We suggest that further research using moving windows of various dimensions, including landuse variables in addition to cropland, and adding several more decades of bobwhite and landuse data is an essential aspect of formulating defensible, spatially explicit strategies for northern bobwhite conservation and management.
Expression of p53 protein in actinic keratosis, adjacent, normal-appearing, and non-sun-exposed human skin. (1997)

Nonmelanoma skin cancer, including both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, is a significant and increasing health problem in the United States. The precursor lesion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis (AK), is a major risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer, and it is also a marker of long-term sun exposure. AKs themselves can serve as biomarkers in chemopreventive studies, but in addition, they may contain phenotypic and genetic alterations that are related to the process of UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. One of these alterations, the tumor suppressor gene p53, is altered early in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in humans. p53 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from AKs, tissue immediately adjacent to AKs (AK-adjacent), normal-appearing upper medial arm skin, and non-sun-exposed skin from 19 subjects. There was a significant difference and a progressively increasing mean p53 labeling index in total epidermis (basal and suprabasal layers) between upper medial arm skin (0.9 +/- 1.8%) and AK-adjacent (12.1 +/- 14.4%; P = 0.0004) and between AK (27.7 +/- 21.3%) and AK-adjacent skin (P = 0.04), whereas upper medial arm skin was marginally different from non-sun-exposed skin (0.1 +/- 0.2; P = 0.05). This pattern of p53 expression was also seen when epidermis was separated into basal and suprabasal layers. We conclude that epidermal p53 protein expression is associated with histological evidence of chronic sun damage.
Physiopathologic Aspects of Leydig Cell Function in Varicocele Patients (1984)

Leydig cell function was studied in 108 varicocele (V) patients with a mean age of 30.9 years, and a control group (C) of 46 men with a mean age of 30 years. Plasma gonadotropin levels were determined before and after GNRH stimulation. Testosterone (T), 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) were also assayed. Mean plasma T levels were significantly decreased in varicocele patients (V = 416 +/- 12.9, n = 106; C = 487 +/- 19.9, n = 40; P less than 0.01), while the basal 17-OH-P/T ratio was significantly increased (V = 0.38 +/- 0.02, n = 56; C = 0.28 +/- 0.02, n = 40; 0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01) and remained higher after hCG stimulation (P less than 0.01). No significant differences in mean sex steroid levels were observed when comparing varicocele patients with normal sperm counts (VN) and those who had oligozoospermia (VO). There was a significant negative linear correlation between age and 17-OH-P (n = 56; r = -0.47; P less than 0.01) and T values (n = 106; r = 0.27; P less than 0.01) in varicocele patients, which contrasted with the absence of any significant correlation with age in the controls. These data suggest that the duration of idiopathic varicocele influences testicular hormone secretion.
Visualization of genomic data with the Hilbert curve (2009)

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/huber-srv/hilbert/.
Multichannel time-correlated single photon counting: Spectroscopy and time-gated imaging using a resistive anode photomultiplier tube (1991)

A multichannel single photon counting detection system for steady state, time-resolved luminescence spectra, time-gated imaging, or time-gated Raman is described. This system, which has approximately 80 ps time resolution, is based on a microchannel plate photomultiplier with a position-sensitive anode (Mepsicron). This detector can operate at very low light levels with excitation wavelengths from 200 nm to the near infrared. For time-resolved luminescence applications, the system simultaneously collects 1024 decays of up to 1024 spectral channels. The measured time dispersion for spectral bandwidths greater than 100 nm are shown to be negligible.
Duraprep and the risk of fire during tracheostomy (2006)

This case illustrates that DuraPrep should be avoided in the hirsute patient, because body hair interferes with drying of this solution and increases the risk of fire.
Boronic Acid Fluorophore/β-Cyclodextrin Complex Sensors for Selective Sugar Recognition in Water (2001)

A novel boronic acid fluorophore 1/beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) complex sensor for sugar recognition in water has been designed. The probe 1 bearing pyrene moiety as a fluorescent signal transducer exhibits no fluorescence emission, due to its aggregation in water containing 2% DMSO; however, the addition of beta-CyD to this solution largely changes UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of 1 by forming an inclusion complex with beta-CyD, and an efficient fluorescence emission response of 1/beta-CyD complex upon sugar binding is found to be obtained at pH 7.5. The pH-fluorescence profile of the 1/beta-CyD complex reveals that the boronate ester formation with fructose induces the apparent pKa shift from 7.95+/-0.03 in the absence of fructose to 6.06+/-0.03 in the presence of 30 mM fructose, resulting in the fluorescence emission response under the neutral condition. The spectral properties of 1 in 95% methanol:5% water (v/v), as well as the fluorescence quenching study of 1-methylpyrene with 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl-boronic acid 2, demonstrate that the response mechanism is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the pyrene donor to the acid form of phenylboronic acid acceptor in 1, and thus, the proton dissociation of phenylboronic acid induced by sugar binding inhibits the PET system while increasing the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene moiety. To evaluate the binding ability and selectivity of the 1/beta-CyD complex for monosaccharides in water, the response equilibria have been derived. The 1:1 binding constants of the 1/beta-CyD complex obtained from the equilibrium analysis are in the order: D-fructose (2515+/-134 M(-1)) >> L-arabinose (269 +/- 28 M(-1)) > D-galactose (197+/-28 M(-1)) > D-glucose (79+/-33 M(-1)), which is consistent with the binding selectivity of phenylboronic acid.
Generation of Human Plaque-Forming Cells in Culture: Tissue Distribution, Antigenic and Cellular Requirements (1977)

A system for the induction of specific, hemolytic plaque-forming cells from normal human lymphocytes in vitro (HcPFC) has been established and cells from various normal lymphoid tissues have been investigated. Normal values for anti-SRBC HcPFC responses in cultures of 107 Ficoll-Hypaque separated lymphocytes range from 2000 (bone marrow) to 7000 (spleen) and 15,000 (tonsillar and peripheral blood lymphocytes). HcPFC responses to ovalbumin were lower by factor of 2 to 4. Anti-SRBC as well as anti-ovalbumin responses required the cooperation of T lymphocytes and IgM-bearing B lymphocytes and the magnitude of the response was antigen dose dependent. Addition of adherent cells as well as of 2-mercaptoethanol enhanced the response. On the basis of the data obtained in experiments examining the role of B and T lymphocytes, a tentative model of cellular interaction has been postulated, suggesting a major role for antigen concentration in the modulation of the response via reactive T lymphocytes.
Improved Determination of Calibration and Coincidence Correction Constants for Coulter Counters (1966)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. H. Princen; Improved Determination of Calibration and Coincidence Correction Constants for Coulter Counters. Rev Sci Instrum 1 October 1966; 37 (10): 1416–1418. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1720006 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chemical and Enzymatic Stability of Amino Acid Prodrugs Containing Methoxy, Ethoxy and Propylene Glycol Linkers (2009)

We evaluated the chemical and enzymatic stabilities of prodrugs containing methoxy, ethoxy and propylene glycol linkers in order to find a suitable linker for prodrugs of carboxylic acids with amino acids. l-Valine and l-phenylalanine prodrugs of model compounds (benzoic acid and phenyl acetic acid) containing methoxy, ethoxy and propylene glycol linkers were synthesized. The hydrolysis rate profile of each compound was studied at physiologically relevant pHs (1.2, 4, 6 and 7.4). Enzymatic hydrolysis of propylene glycol containing compounds was studied using Caco-2 homogenate as well as purified enzyme valacyclovirase. It was observed that the stability of the prodrugs increases with the linker length (propyl > ethyl > methyl). The model prodrugs were stable at acidic pH as compared to basic pH. It was observed that the prodrug with the aliphatic amino acid promoiety was more stable compared to its aromatic counterpart. The comparison between benzyl and the phenyl model compounds revealed that the amino acid side chain is significant in determining the stability of the prodrug whereas the benzyl or phenyl carboxylic acid had little or no effect on the stability. The enzymatic activation studies of propylene glycol linker prodrug in the presence of valacyclovirase and cell homogenate showed faster generation of the parent drug at pH 7.4. The half-life of prodrugs at pH 7.4 was more than 12 h, whereas in the presence of cell homogenate the half-lives were less than 1 h. Hydrolysis by Caco-2 homogenate generated the parent compound in two steps, where the prodrug was first converted to the intermediate, propylene glycol benzoate, which was then converted to the parent compound (benzoic acid). Enzymatic hydrolysis of propylene glycol containing prodrugs by valacyclovirase showed hydrolysis of the amino acid ester part to generate the propylene glycol ester of model compound (propylene glycol benzoate) as the major product. The amino acid prodrugs containing methoxy linker were the least stable while prodrugs containing propylene glycol linker were most stable. This work suggests that the propylene glycol linker is an optimal linker for amino acid prodrugs since it has good chemical stability and is enzymatically hydrolyzed to yield the parent drug. This approach can be further extended to other non-amino acid prodrugs and to provide a chemical handle to modify lead molecules containing carboxylic group(s).
Tailoring the size in colloidal iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (2005)

Colloidal iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized from high temperature reaction of Fe(acac)3 solution. The size of particles was easily tunable from 4 to 22 nm in only one step in the synthesis process. From TEM images the particles showed cubic–faceted shape with good homogeneity and narrow size distribution. Preliminary magnetic measurements show the usual superparamagnetic and blocked regimes depending on temperature.
The TNF-family cytokine TL1A drives IL-13-dependent small intestinal inflammation. (2011)

in goal 1.
Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: Brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug (2011)

The first anti-HIV drug, zidovudine (AZT), was approved by the FDA a quarter of a century ago, in 1985. Currently, anti-HIV drug-combination therapies only target HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase. Unfortunately, most of these molecules present numerous shortcomings such as viral resistances and adverse effects. In addition, these drugs are involved in later stages of infection. Thus, it is necessary to develop new drugs that are able to block the first steps of viral life cycle. Entry of HIV-1 is mediated by its two envelope glycoproteins: gp120 and gp41. Upon gp120 binding to cellular receptors, gp41 undergoes a series of conformational changes from a non-fusogenic to a fusogenic conformation. The fusogenic core of gp41 is a trimer-of-hairpins structure in which three C-terminal helices pack against a central trimeric-coiled coil formed by three N-terminal helices. The formation of this fusogenic structure brings the viral and cellular membranes close together, a necessary condition for membrane fusion to occur. As gp120 and gp41 are attractive targets, the development of entry inhibitors represents an important avenue of anti-HIV drug therapy. The present review will focus on some general considerations about HIV, the main characteristics of gp120, gp41 and their inhibitors, with special emphasis on the advances of computational approaches employed in the development of bioactive compounds against HIV-1 entry process.
Incidence and Clinical Impact of Stroke Complicating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2013)

Stroke as complication of PCI occurs rarely (0.4%) in clinical practice in Europe today. However, peri-interventional stroke is still associated with an exceedingly high in-hospital mortality rate. Most predictors for periprocedural stroke are not modifiable and cannot be diminished before PCI. Therefore, treatment of patients with stroke after PCI needs further research.
Silicon Schottky Barrier Diode with Near-Ideal I-V Characteristics (1968)

Metal-semiconductor diodes with near-ideal forward and reverse I-V characteristics have been fabricated using PtSi contacts and diffused guard rings. Typically, for a device with an area of 2.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−6</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> made on an n-type (111) oriented, 0.35 ohm-cm silicon epitaxial substrate, the forward current follows the expression I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> = I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> exp (qV/nkT) over eight orders of magnitude in current with I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> A and n = 1.02. The reverse breakdown is sharp and occurs at the theoretical breakdown voltage of p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n silicon junctions of the same n-type doping. The premature breakdown observed in nearly all previous Schottky barrier diodes has been shown to be caused by electrode sharp-edge effects. Besides giving sharp breakdown voltage, the guard ring also eliminates anomalously high leakage currents, yet still retains the fast recovery time characteristic common to other Schottky barriers. Typically, the recovery time measured at 10 ma is less than 0.1 ns, the resolution of the measurement.
Power Reduction in High-Speed Inter-Chip Data Communications (2006)

This paper describes power reduction techniques in high-speed inter-chip data communication with inductive coupled wireless interface for 3D-stacked SiP. NRZ signaling where signal is not transmitted when data holds reduces power dissipation in proportion to switching activity. A low-power single-end transmitter is presented for 55% transmitter's power reduction. Depending on communication distance, transmit power is controlled for both power and crosstalk reduction. 195Gb/s, 1.2W high-speed and low-power interface with these techniques has been demonstrated in 0.25mum CMOS
Direct formation of Na3AlH6 by mechanical milling NaH∕Al with TiF3 (2005)

Na 3 Al H 6 can be directly formed by mechanical milling NaH∕Al with TiF3 under hydrogen atmosphere. The hydrogenation fraction of NaH increases with increasing the milling time, and reaches up to 0.61 after 20h milling. Thus-formed Na3AlH6 exhibits unexpected polymorphic transformation and decomposition behaviors. This, together with the unusual hydrogen storage performance of the mechanically prepared materials, provides us a suggestive perspective to probe the favorable modification of the thermodynamics of Na3AlH6 and nature of active Ti-species in Ti-doped NaAlH4.
1,1‐Dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes: Structure–Property Relationships (2012)

Abstract We report the synthesis and physical study of a series of 1,1‐dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes in which the number and position of additional CN substituents along the 1,1‐dicyanobuta‐1,3‐dienyl fragment is systematically varied. While X‐ray analysis provided unambiguous information about molecular geometries in the crystal, UV/Vis and electrochemical measurements, by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk voltammetry (RDV), revealed that introduction of additional cyano groups in the C2‐ and C4‐positions most affected the optical properties of these molecules in solution, in terms of intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption energy and intensity. A comparison with structurally related chromophores indicates that the shift of the anilino donor from position 2/3 to 4 along the butadiene scaffold results in a remarkable bathochromic shift of the ICT absorption maxima, mainly due to the higher planarity in the present series. These findings are further corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Preliminary nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements confirm the promise of the new push‐pull chromophores as third‐order nonlinear‐optical molecular materials.
Visual Field Testing with Head-Mounted Perimeter ‘imo’ (2016)

The perimeter imo can obtain VF sensitivity highly compatible to that by the standard automated perimeter. The binocular random single eye test provides a non-occlusion test condition without the examinee being aware of the tested eye.
Methanogenic <i>Archaea</i> and human periodontal disease (2004)

Archaea have been isolated from the human colon, vagina, and oral cavity, but have not been established as causes of human disease. In this study, we reveal a relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the relative abundance of archaeal small subunit ribosomal RNA genes (SSU rDNA) in the subgingival crevice by using quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the relative abundance of archaeal small subunit rDNA decreased at treated sites in association with clinical improvement. Archaea were harbored by 36% of periodontitis patients and were restricted to subgingival sites with periodontal disease. The presence of archaeal cells at these sites was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The archaeal community at diseased sites was dominated by a Methanobrevibacter oralis-like phylotype and a distinct Methanobrevibacter subpopulation related to archaea that inhabit the gut of numerous animals. We hypothesize that methanogens participate in syntrophic relationships in the subgingival crevice that promote colonization by secondary fermenters during periodontitis. Because they are potential alternative syntrophic partners, our finding of larger Treponema populations sites without archaea provides further support for this hypothesis.
Exploring social annotations for the semantic web (2006)

In order to obtain a machine understandable semantics for web resources, research on the Semantic Web tries to annotate web resources with concepts and relations from explicitly defined formal ontologies. This kind of formal annotation is usually done manually or semi-automatically. In this paper, we explore a complement approach that focuses on the "social annotations of the web" which are annotations manually made by normal web users without a pre-defined formal ontology. Compared to the formal annotations, although social annotations are coarse-grained, informal and vague, they are also more accessible to more people and better reflect the web resources' meaning from the users' point of views during their actual usage of the web resources. Using a social bookmark service as an example, we show how emergent semantics [2] can be statistically derived from the social annotations. Furthermore, we apply the derived emergent semantics to discover and search shared web bookmarks. The initial evaluation on our implementation shows that our method can effectively discover semantically related web bookmarks that current social bookmark service can not discover easily.
Monitoring of Distributed Component Interactions (2000)

We have describe a generic monitoring approach that can be used to enhance the quality of distributed component software. The generality of the approach is achieved through using reflective technology, i.e. CORBA Interceptors, CORBA POA and Java 2 features. A drawback of using interceptors is the fact that their interfaces have not been standardised so far. However, the process of standardisation is ongoing and has recently resulted in an OMG Joint Revised Submission called Portable Interceptors. Although the Java 2 API enables discovery of ‘forks’ in the execution, we find it lacking functionality for the purpose of discovering synchronisation points (e.g., ‘joins’) within multithreaded components.
Immune modulation by MANF promotes tissue repair and regenerative success in the retina (2016)

Regenerative therapies are limited by unfavorable environments in aging and diseased tissues. A promising strategy to improve success is to balance inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals and enhance endogenous tissue repair mechanisms. Here, we identified a conserved immune modulatory mechanism that governs the interaction between damaged retinal cells and immune cells to promote tissue repair. In damaged retina of flies and mice, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like signaling induced mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in innate immune cells. MANF promoted alternative activation of innate immune cells, enhanced neuroprotection and tissue repair, and improved the success of photoreceptor replacement therapies. Thus, immune modulation is required during tissue repair and regeneration. This approach may improve the efficacy of stem-cell-based regenerative therapies.