gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of specific activity and stability of thermostable neutral protease by site-directed mutagenesis (1992)

On the basis of three-dimensional information, many amino acid substitutions were introduced in the thermostable neutral protease (NprM) of Bacillus stearothermophilus MK232 by site-directed mutagenesis. When Glu at position 143 (Glu-143), which is one of the proposed active sites, was substituted for by Gln and Asp, the proteolytic activity disappeared. F114A (Phe-114 to Ala), Y110W (Tyr-110 to Trp), and Y211W (Tyr-211 to Trp) mutant enzymes had higher activity (1.3- to 1.6-fold) than the wild-type enzyme. When an autolysis site, Tyr-93, was replaced by Gly and Ser, the remaining activities of those mutant enzymes were higher than that of the wild-type enzyme.
A micromachined silicon accelerometer with fibre optic interrogation (1992)

The authors report some initial experimental results on the performance of a miniature accelerometer fabricated using silicon micromechanics, but employing electrically passive techniques to detect the deflection of the inertial mass. Specifically, they have used guided wave optical techniques, involving optical fibres, to detect the motion of the inertial mass. By this means of interrogation it is possible to realise a remotely located, electrically passive and e.m.i. immune sensor-features of advantage in certain applications such as avionics, process control and medical measurements.
Single-Domain Antibodies or Nanobodies: A Class of Next-Generation Antibodies (2018)

Nanobodies for the first time were identified in the sera of Camelidae. Single-domain antibodies or nanobodies are a class of next-generation antibodies that have specific features: small size (in nanoscale), high penetration in various tissues, high stability in hard situations and ease production process in microbial systems. In fact single-domain antibodies are the smallest fragment of the antibody with binding ability. Unique characteristics and features of nanobodies make them an appropriate candidate for further evaluation as the development of novel antibody-based therapeutics. In this regard single-domain antibodies are in the interest of many researchers as well as biopharmaceutical companies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nowadays several single domain antibodies have been developed and evaluated in different clinical trials. Because of many advantages of single-domain antibodies over other formats of antibodies, they could be good replacement for other formats of antibodies in near future. Here, we review the biology, engineering platforms and application of nanobodies.
A new method for myocardial activation imaging (1997)

Noninvasive images of the myocardial activation sequence are acquired, based on a new formulation of the inverse problem of electrocardiography in terms of the critical points of the ventricular surface activation map. It is shown that the method is stable with respect to substantial amounts of correlated noise common in the measurements and modeling of electrocardiography and that problems associated with conventional regularization techniques can be circumvented. Examples of application of the method to measured human data are presented. This first invasive validation of results compares well to previously published results obtained by using a standard approach. The method can provide additional constraints on, and thus improve, traditional methods aimed at solving the inverse problem of electrocardiography.
Size-selective high-yield growth of lead telluride (PbTe) nanocrystals using a chemical vapor deposition technique (2006)

Lead telluride (PbTe) nanocrystals have been synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition technique. The size-selective precipitation mechanism enables relatively good control of the particle size distribution by variation of the heating temperature, the Ar gas flow rate, and an admixture with Au particles. As the result, a high yield of several hundred milligrams of nanocrystals that exhibit rather narrow size distributions of 100, 200, and 600nm have been obtained. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the PbTe crystal structure and in addition find that the lattice constant monotonically increases with diminishing particle size.
Stride directed prefetching in scalar processors (1992)

the cache miss ratio for the scalar execution of the matrix multiply for matrix sizes of 100 x 100. For comparison purposes the corresponding vector execution is also shown. The results were obtained using trace driven simulation of 2 4 Kbyte cache with block sizes of 8, 16,32 and 64 bytes. The traces are from executions on an Alliant FX/80. Each trace is for single processor execution where the scalar and vector versions are generated using compiler optimizations. Two miss ratios are shown for each execution; ALL means that all memory data references am simulated and MATRIX means that only references to matrix data (data size of 8 bytes) are simulated. There are 19 and 2.2 million references for scalar and vector executions respectively but only 4 and 2 million of these references are to matrix data. Note that the vector miss ratios are computed relative to the number of vector accesses and not the number of vector referencing instructions. For example, a vector instruction may load 32 elements but this is counted as 32 vector accesses.
Detection of brain activation using oxygenation sensitive functional spectroscopy (1994)

A nonwater-suppressed localized spectroscopy experiment using the PRESS-sequence has been used to study the signal changes of the water resonance during cortical activation. Significant effects with an effect-to-noise ratio up to 50:1 for a single shot experiment have been observed upon photic stimulation. The exceedingly high signal-to-noise ratio of the experiment was used to demonstrate signal changes as low as 0.1% after electrical stimulation of the median nerve.
Advanced Grid Synchronization System for Power Converters under Unbalanced and Distorted Operating Conditions (2006)

This paper proposes a new technique for grid synchronization under unbalanced and distorted conditions, i.e., the dual second order generalised integrator - frequency-locked loop (DSOGI-FLL). This grid synchronization system results from the application of the instantaneous symmetrical components method on the stationary and orthogonal alphabeta reference frame. The second order generalized integrator concept (SOGI) is exploited to generate in-quadrature signals used on the alphabeta reference frame. The frequency-adaptive characteristic is achieved by a simple control loop, without using either phase-angles or trigonometric functions. In this paper, the development of the DSOGI-FLL is plainly exposed and hypothesis and conclusions are verified by simulation and experimental results
Multiplex Detection of Plant Pathogens Using a Microsphere Immunoassay Technology (2013)

Plant pathogens are a serious problem for seed export, plant disease control and plant quarantine. Rapid and accurate screening tests are urgently required to protect and prevent plant diseases spreading worldwide. A novel multiplex detection method was developed based on microsphere immunoassays to simultaneously detect four important plant pathogens: a fruit blotch bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), chilli vein-banding mottle virus (CVbMV, potyvirus), watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV, tospovirus serogroup IV) and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV, tospovirus). An antibody for each plant pathogen was linked on a fluorescence-coded magnetic microsphere set which was used to capture corresponding pathogen. The presence of pathogens was detected by R-phycoerythrin (RPE)-labeled antibodies specific to the pathogens. The assay conditions were optimized by identifying appropriate antibody pairs, blocking buffer, concentration of RPE-labeled antibodies and assay time. Once conditions were optimized, the assay was able to detect all four plant pathogens precisely and accurately with substantially higher sensitivity than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when spiked in buffer and in healthy watermelon leaf extract. The assay time of the microsphere immunoassay (1 hour) was much shorter than that of ELISA (4 hours). This system was also shown to be capable of detecting the pathogens in naturally infected plant samples and is a major advancement in plant pathogen detection.
1,2-4 triazole derivates with cannabinoid properties. (2003)

Fecha de solicitud: 18.03.2003.- Titulares: COnsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CISC).- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.
Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of human leukocyte interferon. (1980)

We report the amino-terminal sequence of the first 22 amino acids of human leukocyte interferon. These and other results indicate that human leukocyte interferon consists of many individual species. We, therefore, postulate that diversity in this protein is routinely present and that the human leukocyte interferons represent a multigene family.
Analysis of the antibody response to immunization with purified <i>O</i>‐acetyl GD3 gangliosides in patients with malignant melanoma (1995)

Gangliosides expressed in malignant melanoma are potential targets for immunotherapy. Immunization of melanoma patients with vaccines containing purified GM2 ganglioside has resulted in induction of GM2 antibodies, and high titers of GM2 antibodies have correlated with increased survival. Melanoma ganglioside 9-O-acetyl GD3 is another candidate for ganglioside vaccine construction because of its limited expression in normal human tissues. As purification of 9-O-acetyl GD3 from human melanoma (9-O-acetylated on the terminal sialic acid) is not practical for broad application, we investigated the antibody response of melanoma patients to O-acetyl GD3 from several additional sources: hamster melanoma (7-O-acetyl GD3), bovine buttermilk (mixture of 7-O-acetyl GD3, 9-O-acetyl GD3 and 7,9-di-O-acetyl GD3) and chemically modified GD3 from bovine brain (9-O-acetylated on the subterminal sialic acid). Only immunization with the buttermilk-derived O-acetyl GD3 preparation resulted in consistent production of IgM antibodies. However, the induced antibodies reacted with the immunogen and with 7-O-acetyl GD3 derived from hamster melanoma but not with 9-O-acetyl GD3 or human melanoma cells expressing 9-O-acetyl GD3 on their cell surface. In contrast, all O-acetyl GD3 derivatives used for immunization were recognized by murine MAbs that reacted with 9-O-acetyl GD3, and immunization of mice with buttermilk-derived O-acetyl GD3 resulted in the production of antibodies that reacted with human melanoma cells expressing 9-O-acetyl GD3. Apparently, the human and murine immune systems preferentially recognize different epitopes on these molecules.
Design of high-Q cavities in photonic crystal slab heterostructures by air-holes infiltration (2006)

We design novel photonic crystal slab heterostructures, substituting the air in the holes with materials of refractive index higher than n=1. This can be achieved by infiltrating the photonic crystal slab (PCS) with liquid crystal, polymer or nano-porous silica. We find that the heterostructures designed in this way can have quality factors up to Q=10(6). This high-Q result is comparable with the result of previously reported designs in which the lattice is elongated in one direction. Unlike conventional heterostructures, our design does not require nanometre-scale changes in the geometry. Additionally, infiltrated PCS can be constructed at any time after PCS fabrication.
Comparison of serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain extracellular fluid pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (2000)

We investigated the rate of penetration into and the intra-relationship between the serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and regional brain extracellular fluid (bECF) compartments following systemic administration of lamotrigine in rat. The serum pharmacokinetics were biphasic with an initial distribution phase, (half-life approximately 3 h), and then a prolonged elimination phase of over 30 h. The serum pharmacokinetics were linear over the range 10 - 40 mg kg(-1). Using direct sampling of CSF with concomitant serum sampling, the calculated penetration half-time into CSF was 0.42+/-0.15 h. At equilibrium, the CSF to total serum concentration ratio (0.61+/-0.02) was greater than the free to total serum concentration (0.39+/-0.01). Using in vivo recovery corrected microdialysis sampling in frontal cortex and hippocampus with concomitant serum sampling, the calculated penetration half-time of lamotrigine into bECF, 0.51+/-0.11 h, was similar to that for CSF and was not area or dose dependent. At equilibrium, the bECF to total serum concentration ratio (0.40+/-0.04) was similar to the free to total serum concentration (0.39+/-0.01), and did not differ between hippocampus and frontal cortex. The species specific serum kinetics can explain the prolonged action of lamotrigine in rat seizure models. Lamotrigine has a relatively slow penetration into both CSF and bECF compartments compared with antiepileptic drugs used in acute seizures. Furthermore, the free serum drug concentration is not the sole contributor to the CSF compartment, and the CSF concentration is an overestimate of the bECF concentration of lamotrigine.
Service Learning in Interprofessional Education: A Case Study (2010)

Background and Purpose. Service learning, as an interprofessional education experience, may maximize the opportunity to understand patient-centered care and the importance of collaboration between health professionals. The purpose of this paper is to share a case model of service learning and explore, evaluate, and make recommendations for other health science educators who are interested in implementing an interprofessional service-learning curriculum. Model Description. In response to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America's recommendation that health care professionals work in interprofessional teams, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (RFUMS) developed a Curriculum Integration Task Force to “promote distinctive integration of health professionals' education.” This group then created an Interprofessional Healthcare Teams course (course reference number: HMTD 500) to educate students to work together in collaborative interprofessional teams, while understanding the concepts of social responsibility, current health care issues, patient-centered care, and advocacy. During the course, all first-year students are grouped into interprofessional teams representing the allied health profession taught at the university. Each team is expected to perform a service-learning project (SLP) with required elements. Community partnerships were formed and continue to be strengthened each year through the service-learning projects. Evaluation/Outcomes. In order to assess the service-learning component of the course at RFUMS, 3 types of data were collected: (1) student surveys, (2) student and faculty focus groups, and (3) reflective statements reviewed over 2 periods of time. In a postcourse survey conducted at the end of the 2007-2008 course, a majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with statements regarding collaboration, social responsibility, and diversity. Results indicate that student attitudes were positive regarding the SLP aspect of the course. Discussion and Conclusion. Key action steps, lessons learned, recommendations, and barriers are identified and discussed in detail in this manuscript. RFUMS has demonstrated that with commitment, support, and careful planning, it is possible to develop and implement an interprofessional service-learning experience that is well received by both faculty and students. It is hoped that sharing this information and experience will provide guidance to anyone planning a service-learning component at their institution.
Comparison of implant charging results obtained with QUANTOX(R) and CHARM(R)-2 (2003)

A comparison of charging results obtained with Quantox(R) and CHARM(R)-2 is presented for the case of arsenic implants at 80 KeV and 20 KeV, performed at doses of 5e14/cm/sup 2/ and 5e15/cm/sup 2/ at beam currents of 9 mA and 18 mA. The surface potential maps obtained by the Quantox are compared to the potentials and currents measured on the CHARM sensors, with the plasma charge control system ON and OFF. The sensitivity of the Quantox surface potential technique is compared for changes in the oxide thickness, the dose, and the beam density.
Strong Photoluminescence Emission from Polycrystalline GaN Grown on Metal Substrate by NH3 Source MBE (2001)

Polycrystalline GaN layers were grown on Mo and electron-beam-deposited Mo/glass substrates with improved surface smoothness by NH3 source molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction rocking curves showed preferential GaN(0002) orientation. Strong photoluminescence (PL) emission without yellow luminescence was observed from these polycrystalline GaN layers. For the previously-grown GaN on metal substrates two PL peaks were observed at around 3.48 and 3.27 eV at 77 K, while for the GaN grown in this study the 3.27 eV peak was eliminated. This improvement is considered to be mainly due to the improved surface morphology of the substrates and the origin of the 3.27 eV peak was attributed to the cubic GaN phase. The 3.48 eV peak is the excitonic peak from the hexagonal GaN phase.
On the optimisation of behaviours surveillance structure in multirobots systems (2002)

In autonomous moving robotics, the tendency is to realize multirobot systems with some degree of intelligence; these robots should be able to obtain self-organization for achieving given tasks. Research in this field is often inspired by the ethology which studies the behaviours and interactions in insects societies. To get a correct functioning of such systems, one generally has to control them with feedback. Consequently, this approach may result in complexity. The authors' aim is then to ensure some reliability in the multirobots system. Therefore, a mathematical method is developed. This method allows the optimization of the behaviours surveillance structure for each robot in the system.
In vitro tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity in HEP G2 liver cells (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a mediator of liver injury. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model of TNF-mediated liver cell injury using the Hep G2 cell line. Hep G2 cells normally are insensitive to TNF cytotoxicity, but they were rendered susceptible, or sensitized, to TNF cytotoxicity by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The concentration of TNF required to kill 50% of Hep G2 cells sensitized with 0.8 mumol/L actinomycin D (Act D) was 35 pmol/L compared with 5 pmol/L for LM fibroblasts, a classic target cell used in TNF cytotoxicity bioassays. Similarly, TNF cytotoxicity occurred in Hep G2 cells sensitized with cycloheximide (CHX), and cytotoxicity to both inhibitors was dose dependent. Both protein and RNA synthesis were inhibited in Hep G2 cells by the concentrations of CHX and Act D associated with TNF cytotoxicity. Hep G2 cells pretreated with TNF alone and later exposed to normally toxic concentrations of TNF with DACT did not develop cytotoxicity. Thus, in vitro tolerance to TNF was induced. Cytotoxicity also was more severe at modestly increased temperatures (39 degrees C versus 37 degrees C), which may have clinical relevance to hepatic decompensation during febrile episodes. We suggest that the Hep G2 cell line sensitized by inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis is a useful in vitro model for evaluating mechanism(s) of TNF-mediated liver cell injury.
A Dual Resonance Near Field Communication Coil for EMF Reduction in Near Field Communication and Wireless Power Transfer Dual Coil System (2019)

Current wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is widely used for various applications because of convenience and safety. One of the typical application of the WPT system is the near-field communication (NFC) system utilized mobile WPT system. However, WPT systems have problems with electromagnetic field (EMF) leakage which can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues on the nearby electrical devices. In this paper, we propose the dual resonance NFC coil for EMF reduction. Proposed dual resonance coil generates resonance not only at the NFC operating frequency of 13.56 MHz but also at the wireless charging frequency 130 kHz. When comparing the proposed NFC coil with a typical NFC antenna, the total EMF level of the WPT system is reduced by 3.96 dB at 130 kHz without any effect at the NFC operating frequency of 13.56 MHz.
Impaired expression of genes coding for reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in testes of <i>Mtfr1/Chppr</i> -deficient mice (2007)

Mtfr1/Chppr is a nuclear gene coding for a mitochondrial protein capable of inducing fission of this organelle in a sequence-specific manner. Here we show that in mice, Mtfr1/Chppr is ubiquitously expressed and displays the highest level of expression in pubertal and adult testes and in particular in spermatids and Leydig cells. To investigate Mtfr1 function in vivo, we analyzed homozygous mice null for this gene obtained through a gene trap approach. We show that these mice fail to express Mtfr1 and that in their testes several genes coding for enzymes involved in the defense against oxidative stress are downregulated. Among these, we studied in particular glutathione peroxidase 3 and show its expression in selected testis cell types. Furthermore, we demonstrate oxidative DNA damage specifically in testes of Mtfr1-deficient mice likely resulting from a reduced antioxidant activity. As a whole, these data suggest that Mtfr1 protects the male gonads against oxidative stress.
Small RNA database (1997)

The small RNA database is a compilation of all the small size RNA sequences available to date, including nuclear, nucleolar, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial small RNAs from eukaryotic organisms and small RNAs from prokaryotic cells as well as viruses. Currently, about 600 small RNA sequences are in our database. It also gives the sources of individual RNAs and their GenBank accession numbers. The small RNA database can be accessed through WWW(World Wide Web). Our WWW URL address is: http://mbcr.bcm.tmc.edu/smallRNA/smallrna. html . The new small RNA sequences published since our last compilation are listed in this paper.
Reducing Cutting Force Induced Bore Cylindricity Errors by Learning Control and Variable Depth of Cut Machining (1998)

In this paper, a method for on-line compensation of cylindricity errors in machined bores is formulated and demonstrated. The cylindricity errors addressed are those caused by the elastic deformation of the bore wall due to forces applied to the workpiece both during and after the machining process. Compensation is achieved using a piezoelectric boring bar servo capable of varying the depth of cut rapidly for on-line compensation at acceptable industrial machining speeds. Control of the boring bar servo consists of both learning and repetitive control. Learning control is used to determine the cutting tool reference trajectory required to achieve compensation, and repetitive servo control is used to accurately track the reference trajectory. The stability and convergence of the error dynamics of the learning control system are analyzed using a model for the flexure-induced machining errors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve bore cylindricity in machined components.