gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem approach for estimating the heat flux and surface temperature of a hollow cylinder (1997)

This study is intended to provide a different perspective for solving the three-dimensional, inverse, steady heat conduction problem for a hollow cylinder. At the beginning of the study, finite-difference methods are employed to discretize the problem domain and then a linear inverse model is constructed to identify the boundary conditions. The present approach is to rearrange the matrix forms of the differential governing equations and estimate unknown conditions. Then, the linear least-squares method is adopted to find the solution. The results show that one needs only a few measuring points in order to estimate the boundary temperature and heat flux when the measurement errors are negligible. When the measurement errors are considerable, more measuring points are needed in order to increase the congruence of the estimated results to exact solutions.
Synthesis of a New Cerebroside from a Chondropsis sp. Sponge. (1991)

A cerebroside, 1-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-(2S, 3S, 4R, 6E)-2-[(R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-17-methyl-6-octadecene-3, 4-diol (2), was asymmetrically synthesized from isobutyraldehyde. On the basis of a comparison of the physical data, the absolute structure of a new cerebroside 1b from a Chondropsis sp. sponge is thought to be the same at that of 2.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing with MATLAB Algorithms (1999)

Range Imaging Cross-Range Imaging SAR Radiation Pattern Generic Synthetic Aperture Radar Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Stripmap Synthetic Aperture Radar Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar Monopulse Synthetic Aperture Radar Bibliography Index.
Erasing Race? A Critical Race Feminist View of Internet Identity Shifting (2000)

Race and gender become even more abstract in the disembodied presence they inhabit online. This article outlines the importance of being sensitive to the under-identified online presence of race and gender related issues, with an in depth discussion of the complications these issues face.
Sheath thickness and potential profiles of ion-matrix sheaths for cylindrical and spherical electrodes (1987)

Analytic expressions have been obtained for the potential profile and sheath thickness of the transient ion-matrix sheath which forms when a large negative step potential is applied to planar, cylindrical, and spherical electrodes immersed in a plasma.
Vibration Free Cryostat for cooling suspended mirrors (2006)

A new generation of gravitational wave interferometers is under study with the main goal to improve the sensitivity of the present detectors which are taking data now. Two of the dominant noises which limit the actual sensitivity of the interferometers are the thermal noise of the suspended optics and the thermal lensing process. At low temperature it is possible to reduce both the effects. However, lowering the temperature of the test masses without injecting vibration noise from the cooling system is a technological challenge. We present the first results on a new active system to dampen the vibrations from a pulse tube refrigerator coupled to a suspended mirror.
β-Lactamase Inhibitors Derived from Single-Domain Antibody Fragments Elicited in the <i>Camelidae</i> (2001)

Small, soluble single-domain fragments derived from the unique variable region of dromedary heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) against enzymes are known to be potent inhibitors. The immunization of dromedaries with the TEM-1 and BcII beta-lactamases has lead to the isolation of such single-domain antibody fragments specifically recognizing and inhibiting those beta-lactamases. Two VHHs were isolated that inhibit TEM-1 and one BcII inhibiting VHH was identified. All inhibitory VHHs were tight-binding inhibitors. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were determined for all inhibitors and they were all in the same range as the enzyme concentration used in the assay. Addition of the VHHs to the TEM-1 beta-lactamase, expressed on the surface of bacteria, leads to a higher ampicillin sensitivity of the bacteria. This innovative strategy could generate multiple potent inhibitors for all types of beta-lactamases.
"El Norte de Castilla" ante la guerra de Cuba (1895-1898) (1996)

El Norte de Castilla discusses the Spanish-Cuban-American war of 1895-1898 from the perspective of a categorical ascendancy of Spain on the largest of the Antilles, being this a circumstance that is not debatable for the interests that the newspaper represents. From this point of view. El Norte de Castilla joins the patriotic movement of national acclaim that tries to mask the fragrant injustice indicted during the contribution to the bellicose effort and evoids a constrained analysis of the real situation in Cuba.
Antiplatelet activity of synthetic and natural resveratrol in red wine. (1995)

The antiaggregating effect of the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), alone or associated with red wine, and polyphenol have been evaluated in vitro at different concentrations on platelet-rich plasma from healthy volunteers. Resveratrol at the concentration of 3.56 micrograms/l was able to lower platelet aggregation by 50.3% +/- 1.83. Red wine containing 1.2 mg/l of natural trans-resveratrol and 3.6 milligrams of polyphenols diluted 1000-fold (final resveratrol concentration: 1.2 micrograms/l) inhibited platelet aggregation by 41.9% +/- 2.11. By adding resveratrol to the wine up to a concentration of 1.2 micrograms/l, inhibition was raised to 78.5% +/- 4.70. These results suggest that the antiaggregating activity of resveratrol is related to its concentration in wine.
Performance of Silicon Solar Cells at High Levels of Solar Radiation (1962)

Current-voltage characteristics of silicon solar cells cooled by conduction or convection at radiation levels up to 60 langleys per minute are reported for several cell temperatures. Maximum power output noted was approximately 65 milliwatts per square centimeter. The use of cells as flux measuring devices is noted.
A framework for industrial layout generators (1990)

The MACLOG layout generator set is built on an object-oriented framework. Most frameworks are built around the hierarchy of module types. We found the service hierarchy—the types of information provided to the user by the generator—made the framework and generators easier to design and modify. This paper describes the MACLOG framework and details our experience with framework structure.
Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer (2014)

Breast cancer is an increasing public health problem. Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but the introduction of methods to predict women at elevated risk and prevent the disease has been less successful. Here, we summarize recent data on newer approaches to risk prediction, available approaches to prevention, how new approaches may be made, and the difficult problem of using what we already know to prevent breast cancer in populations. During 2012, the Breast Cancer Campaign facilitated a series of workshops, each covering a specialty area of breast cancer to identify gaps in our knowledge. The risk-and-prevention panel involved in this exercise was asked to expand and update its report and review recent relevant peer-reviewed literature. The enlarged position paper presented here highlights the key gaps in risk-and-prevention research that were identified, together with recommendations for action. The panel estimated from the relevant literature that potentially 50% of breast cancer could be prevented in the subgroup of women at high and moderate risk of breast cancer by using current chemoprevention (tamoxifen, raloxifene, exemestane, and anastrozole) and that, in all women, lifestyle measures, including weight control, exercise, and moderating alcohol intake, could reduce breast cancer risk by about 30%. Risk may be estimated by standard models potentially with the addition of, for example, mammographic density and appropriate single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This review expands on four areas: (a) the prediction of breast cancer risk, (b) the evidence for the effectiveness of preventive therapy and lifestyle approaches to prevention, (c) how understanding the biology of the breast may lead to new targets for prevention, and (d) a summary of published guidelines for preventive approaches and measures required for their implementation. We hope that efforts to fill these and other gaps will lead to considerable advances in our efforts to predict risk and prevent breast cancer over the next 10 years.
Internal photoemission at interfaces of high-κ insulators with semiconductors and metals (2007)

Internal photoemission spectroscopy provides the most straightforward way to characterize the relative energies of electron states at interfaces of insulators with metals and semiconductors by measuring the spectral onset of electron/hole photoemission from one solid into another. The article reviews the application of this technique for characterization of advanced nanometer-thin insulators prospected to be used in microelectronic devices. Fundamental aspects and technical features of the internal photoemission experiments are discussed together with basic electronic properties of a number of investigated high-permittivity insulating films and their interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures. Significant differences are found in the electronic properties of nanometer-thin amorphous insulating layers as compared to the known bulk phase characteristics. The band alignment at the interfaces of these insulators with metals is found to be highly sensitive to the surface preparation procedures. By contrast, at semiconductor/oxide interfaces the parameters of occurring interlayers affect the energy barriers only marginally at least in the case of studied oxides with close bandgap width (5.6–5.9eV). The latter finding is in favor of the models describing the band offsets at semiconductor/insulator interfaces on the basis of the bulk density of electron states. Deviation of metal/oxide interfaces from this simple behavior is explained by (unintentional) formation of a polarization layer at the interface which may contain uncompensated charges and dipoles affecting the barrier height.
Evaluation of anti-plaque microbial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem oil) in vitro: A pilot study (2012)

Study shows definite antiplaque activity of neem oil.
A branch-and-bound algorithm for hardware/software partitioning (2005)

This paper investigates hardware/software (Hw/Sw) partitioning, a key problem in embedded co-design system. An efficient algorithm are proposed to optimally solve the problem in which the communication overhead is taken into account. The proposed algorithm constructs an efficient branch-and-bound approach to partition the hot path selected by path profiling techniques. The techniques for generation of good initial solution and the efficient lower bound for the feasible solution are customized in branch and bound search. Experimental results show that the partition result proposed by the new algorithm produces 10% increase in speedup as compared with the traditional approximate algorithm in most of the cases.
State of the Art of Laser Hardening and Cladding (2005)

In this paper an overview is given about laser surface modification processes, which are developed especially with the aim of hardness improvement for an enhanced fatigue and wear behaviour. The processes can be divided into such with and without filler material and in solid-state and melting processes. Actual work on shock hardening, transformation hardening, remelting, alloying and cladding is reviewed, where the main focus was on scientific work from the 21st century.
THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN TUMOR IMMUNITY: SIGNIFICANCE OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF COMPLEMENT IN TUMOR BEARING HOSTS* (1976)

The elevation of complement level in the sera and depressed state of tuberculin reaction were observed in lung cancer patients. A clinical follow-up study demonstrated negative conversion of tuberculin reaction while keeping the complement at an elevated level during the observation period. This phenomenon can be explained; the complement system is elevated to compensate the depressed cell-mediated system to prevent the immunological surveillance system from invading agents in tumor bearing hosts. The immunological states of the patients with various diseases are classified into six stages according to the tuberculin reactivity, positive or negative, and complement level: elevated, normal, or depressed. A healthy control group is composed of the group of complement normal and tuberculin positive (Stage I). Most of acute inflammation falls into the elevated level of both complement and positive tuberculin reaction (Stage II). Sarcoidosis, leprosy, and Wegener's granulomatosis are divided into the elevated level of complement and depressed tuberculin reaction (Stage III). Systemic lupus erythematosus is in Stage V with the depressed state of both tuberculin reaction and complement level. A follow-up study of lung cancer patients showed a possible chronological sequence starting from Stage I through III, and finally to V, similar to the progression-of-disease process. The biological and medical significance related to the phenomenon is discussed, standing upon immunochemical, phylogenical, and immunogenetical standpoints of complement research.
Accidental displacement of third molars; report of three cases, review of literature and treatment recommendations (2012)

Abstract The displaced third molar is a rare but potentially serious complication of extraction. Every dentist should treat it with care, and when the accident occurs, the general dentist should refer the patient to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon as soon as possible. The surgeon should localise the fragment by appropriate imaging and should remove it by a technique suited to the situation. We present our experience with three displaced third molars: one in the maxillary sinus, one in the submandibular space and one in the pterygomandibular space, all of which were all surgically retrieved without any surgical complications. A review of literature on the subject is examined and a treatment guideline is suggested for use when confronted with such accidents.
A marine oligobacterium harboring genes known to be part of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways of soil pseudomonads (1996)

The far-ranging distribution of genes for aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism, predominantly studied in soil pseudomonads, is extended to a marine oligobacterium by finding five homologous sequences in a 5.7-kb chromosomal DNA from a new isolate, Cycloclasticus oligotrophus RB1. RB1 is capable of growth in unamended seawater or mineral salts media supplemented with a variety of aromatic compounds, including toluene, o-, m-, or p-xylenes, as sole carbon sources. The five open reading frames, designated xylM, K, G, C1, and C2, are 57% A+T-rich. XylM is predicted to be an integral membrane protein; XylK and XylG possess glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 2-hydroxy-5methyl-6-oxohexa2,4-dienoate dehydrogenase activities, respectively; XylC1C2 are homologs of the large and small subunits of the iron sulfur protein component of the biphenyl dioxygenase (e.g., BphA1A2).
Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Behavior and Thermal Shrinkage of Poly(Ethylene-Terephthalate) (PET) Film in the Glass Transition Temperature Region (2012)

Finite element analysis has been performed based on a mechanical model proposed here to interpret the experimental data of stress-strain curves and thermal shrinkage behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films observed in the temperature region near the glass transition point. The proposed mechanical model consists of a parallel array of hyper-elastic element and plastic deformation element. The former element was introduced to explain the thermal shrinkage above the glass transition temperature and the latter element was required to explain the permanent strain detected for the oriented PET sample. The numerical calculation was performed to give a good reproduction of the experimental data on the basis of explicit finite element method.
Arthritic diseases: melanocortin type 3 receptor agonists as potential therapeutics. (2001)

Gouty arthritis is currently treated with drugs that have an array of side effects. Therefore, identification of novel endogenous targets for drug development may have beneficial properties ACTH4-10, a heptapeptide fragment derived from the hormone adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) modulates the inflammatory response in a corticosterone-independent manner, via agonism at melanocortin type 3 receptors (MC3-R) expressed on peritoneal macrophages. MC3-R agonists inhibit cytokine formation and subsequent neutrophil migration, while antagonists abrogate these effects. Together, these data highlight MC3-R as a potential therapeutic target and suggest that small molecule agonists directed at MC3-R with more specific actions, may be potentially novel therapeutics for treating this pathology.
Lung endothelial HO‐1 targeting <i>in vivo</i> using lentiviral miRNA regulates apoptosis and autophagy during oxidant injury (2013)

The lung endothelium is a major target for inflammatory and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction is a crucial defense mechanism during oxidant challenges, such as hyperoxia. The role of lung endothelial HO-1 during hyperoxia in vivo is not well defined. We engineered lentiviral vectors with microRNA (miRNA) sequences controlled by vascular endothelium cadherin (VE-cad) to study the specific role of lung endothelial HO-1. Wild-type (WT) murine lung endothelial cells (MLECs) or WT mice were treated with lentivirus and exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen). We detected HO-1 knockdown (∼55%) specifically in the lung endothelium. MLECs and lungs showed approximately a 2-fold increase in apoptosis and ROS generation after HO-1 silencing. We also demonstrate for the first time that silencing endothelial HO-1 has the same effect on lung injury and survival as silencing HO-1 in multiple lung cell types and that HO-1 regulates caspase 3 activation and autophagy in endothelium during hyperoxia. These studies demonstrate the utility of endothelial-targeted gene silencing in vivo using lentiviral miRNA constructs to assess gene function and that endothelial HO-1 is an important determinant of survival during hyperoxia.
Effect of confinement on the bubble points of hydrocarbons in nanoporous media (2016)

The bubble point of reservoir petroleum fluids in nanoporous media is an important parameter in shale oil production. We present experimental results on the bubble points of octane and decane confined in controlled‐pore glasses (CPGs) with pore sizes of 4.3 and 38.1 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to measure the temperature at which the vapor phase begins to form (i.e., the bubble point). We find that the bubble point is dramatically affected by pore diameter: at 38.1 nm the confinement effect is insignificant, but at 4.3 nm two distinct bubble points appear, suggesting two distinct populations of evaporating fluid. Deviations are as great as ±15 K for both peaks relative to the bulk bubble point for 4.3 nm CPGs. Thermogravimetric analysis is consistent with DSC, supporting the validity of these results. Based on these experiments and previous simulations, we propose a two‐state model for the nanoconfined hydrocarbons. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 1772–1780, 2016
Lin-28B expression promotes transformation and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in embryonic development and are frequently deregulated in human cancers. The let-7 family members are tumor-suppressing miRNAs and are frequently downregulated in cancer cells. Lin-28 and Lin-28B are RNA-binding proteins highly expressed in embryonic tissues. Lin-28 proteins block let-7 precursors from being processed to mature miRNAs by inducing terminal uridylation and degradation of let-7 precursors. Here, we report that Lin-28B, but not Lin-28, is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lin-28B expression was more frequently noted in high-grade HCCs with high alpha-fetoprotein levels. Knockdown of Lin-28B by RNA interference in the HCC cell line HCC36 suppressed proliferation in vitro and reduced in vivo tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice. In contrast, overexpression of Lin-28B in the HCC cell line HA22T enhanced tumorigenicity. Overexpression of Lin-28B also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HA22T cells and hence, invasion capacity. Large-scale real-time PCR array analysis revealed that, among 380 miRNAs, only let-7/mir-98 family members were regulated by Lin-28B. Lin-28B overexpression enhanced the expression of the known let-7 targets c-myc and HMGA2. It was also found that Lin-28B enhanced the expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in a let-7-dependent manner. These results indicate that Lin-28B regulates tumor formation and invasion in HCC through coordinated repression of the let-7/mir-98 family and induction of multiple oncogenic pathways.
Comparison of methods to detect the in vitro activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) against multidrug resistant bacteria (2015)

It seems that agar diffusion method can be used as screening test, minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration and time kill showed to be useful methods. The activity of commercial silver nanoparticle and silver controls did not exceed the activity of the citrate and chitosan silver nanoparticles. The in vitro inhibitory effect was stronger against Gram-negative than Gram-positive, and similar against multidrug resistant and susceptible bacteria, with best result achieved using citrate and chitosan silver nanoparticles. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticle may, in the future, be translated into important therapeutic and clinical options, especially considering the shortage of new antimicrobials against the emerging antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, in particular against Gram-negative bacteria.
The natural history of HIV-1 infection (1991)

We evaluated and compared four staging classification systems for HIV infection in a population-based cohort: (1) a staging based on prodromal clinical criteria; (2) the Walter Reed Staging Classification (WRSC); (3) the immunologic staging system (ISS), and (4) a simple staging based on oral disease and CD4+ T-cell depletion. The staging systems were applied to 386 HIV-infected men in the San Francisco Men's Health Study cohort who did not have AIDS at the baseline examination. After 48-56 months of follow-up the cumulative incidence of AIDS and the cumulative mortality by stage was determined for each staging. Unlike the other systems, the WRSC could not classify a substantial proportion of HIV-infected men (51.9%). The WRSC and ISS include one or more stages which did not appear to be associated with a prognosis substantially different from that of adjacent stages. The simplified staging system based on CD4+ T-cell depletion and oral disease may be the most effective of the systems studied. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology during the evolution of HIV infection will be required to define a more detailed staging of this disease.