gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge based configuration management (2003)

Advanced configuration management systems require explicit representations of various kinds of knowledge. Besides the classical requirements of keeping track of which component versions have been used to build a system, the knowledge that has led to the selection of these versions and the knowledge of compatibility rules between versions are essential to perform many configuration management functions,. A description is given of the languages provided to express version selections in terms of queries and compatibility rules in the system, emphasizing the knowledge representation issues involved here. It is illustrated how queries can be used to represent various aspects of the development methods and to customize the system. An outline is given of the consistency verification technique provided to detect automatically inconsistencies in the rule base or among the assumptions of different developers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ouabainlike Compound in Hypertension Associated With Ectopic Corticotropin Syndrome (1996)

Molecular mechanisms related to sodium retention have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. It is unclear how sodium retention leads to a rise in blood pressure, but ouabainlike compound may act as a final common pathway in sodium-induced hypertension. In ectopic corticotropin syndrome, hypertension has been attributed to cortisol inactivation overload, giving rise to mineralocorticoid-type hypertension. We sequentially measured plasma and urinary levels of ouabainlike compound over 2 months to evaluate its role in the hypertensive mechanisms in a 64-year-old man with this syndrome caused by lung cancer. His data included hypokalemia and increased cortisol concentrations, corticotropin levels, and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion. Plasma renin activity was suppressed. Plasma and urinary levels of ouabainlike compound were markedly increased concomitantly with high blood pressure. The maximum plasma level was 40-fold the normal range of the subject. After chemotherapy, ouabainlike compound levels gradually decreased in parallel with the decline in blood pressure and rise in potassium concentration. A correlation was observed between plasma and urinary levels of ouabainlike compound (P < .05). Plasma and urinary levels of ouabainlike compound correlated with systolic (P < .01) and diastolic (P < .05) pressures, respectively. The peak of ouabainlike compound in plasma and urine coincided with that of authentic ouabain on high-performance liquid chromatography. Ouabainlike compound derived from urine inhibited [3H]ouabain binding to human erythrocytes. These findings suggest that ouabainlike compound with biological activity could partly account for hypertension in ectopic corticotropin syndrome.
Internodal Compartmentation of Stem‐Infused [<sup>14</sup>C]Sucrose in Sweet and Grain Sorghum (1994)

Stem infusion was evaluated for quantifying downward movement, intracellular allocation, and interorgan partitioning of assimilate in sweet and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stems during mid‐grain fill and post‐black layer. Sucrose concentration did not vary below the site of infusion with [ 14 C]sucrose, although gradients of intracellular 80%‐ethanol soluble and insoluble 14 C‐components were established in the stem. Variation in gradient steepness between cultivars resulted from aspects of parenchymal uptake or phloem uptake of sucrose and appears related to sucrose‐concentrating ability. The introduced [ 14 C]sucrose concentration gradient in stem tissue is useful for studying stem mechanisms that controls ink strength.
Dikin-Type Algorithms for Dextrous Grasping Force Optimization (1998)

One of the central issues in dextrous robotic hand grasping is to balance external forces acting on the object and at the same time achieve grasp stability and minimum grasping effort. A compan ion paper shows that the nonlinear friction-force limit constraints on grasping forces are equivalent to the positive definiteness of a certain matrix subject to linear constraints. Further, compensation of the external object force is also a linear constraint on this ma trix. Consequently, the task of grasping force optimization can be formulated as a problem with semidefinite constraints. In this paper, two versions of strictly convex cost functions, one of them self-concordant, are considered. These are twice-continuously differentiable functions that tend to infinity at the boundary of posi tive definiteness. For the general class of such cost functions, Dikin- type algorithms are presented. It is shown that the proposed algo rithms guarantee convergence to the unique solution of the semidef inite programming problem associated with dextrous grasping force optimization. Numerical examples demonstrate the simplicity of im plementation, the good numerical properties, and the optimality of the approach.
Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Plasmin(ogen) during Infection and Sepsis in Mice (2011)

Plasmin has been proposed to be an important mediator during inflammation/infection. In this study, by using mice lacking genes for plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase-type PA (uPA), we have investigated the functional roles of active plasmin in infection and sepsis. Two models were used: an infection model by intravenous injection of 1×10⁷ CFU of S. aureus, and a sepsis model by intravenous injection of 1.6×10⁸ CFU of S. aureus. We found that in the infection model, wild-type (WT) mice showed significantly higher survival rates than plasminogen-deficient (plg⁻/⁻) mice. However, in the sepsis model, plg⁻/⁻ or tPA⁻/⁻/uPA⁻/⁻ mice showed the highest survival rate whereas WT and tPA⁺/⁻/uPA⁺/⁻ mice showed the lowest survival rate, and plg⁺/⁻, tPA⁻/⁻, and uPA⁻/⁻ mice had an intermediate survival rate. These results indicate that the levels of active plasmin are critical in determining the survival rate in the sepsis, partly through high levels of inflammatory cytokines and enhanced STAT3 activation. We conclude that plasmin is beneficial in infection but promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines in sepsis that may cause tissue destruction, diminished neutrophil function, and an impaired capacity to kill bacteria which eventually causes death of these mice.
Parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplementation does not ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxicity (1994)

Supplementation of glutamine dipeptide was safe but had no significant positive clinical effect.
Wireless multi-channel sensor for neurodynamic studies (2006)

The paper presents the design of a bio-compatible, implantable neural recording device for Aplysia californica, a common sea slug. Low-voltage extracellular neural signals (<100 /spl mu/V) are recorded using a high-performance, low-power, low-noise preamplifier that is integrated with programmable data acquisition and control, and FSK telemetry that provides 5-kbps wireless neural data through 18 cm of saltwater. The telemetry utilizes an 8-cm electric dipole antenna matched to 50 /spl Omega/ by exposing the ends of the antenna to the saltwater. A 3-V lithium ion battery (160 mAh) allows 16 hours of recording. Neural data obtained using extracellular nerve electrodes and a wired interface to this device have 2.5-/spl mu/Vrms noise, comparable to commercial neural recording equipment.
Apple Procyanidin Oligomers Absorption in Rats after Oral Administration:  Analysis of Procyanidins in Plasma Using the Porter Method and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

In this study, we investigated the absorption of apple procyanidins, namely, apple condensed tannins (ACTs), in rats using the Porter method and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The apple procyanidin concentrations in the rat plasma reached a maximum 2 h after administration and decreased thereafter. To investigate the limits of the absorption of apple procyanidins in the polymerization degree, we administered the procyanidin oligomer fraction, which was separated from ACT using normal-phase chromatography according to the degree of polymerization. Procyanidins from each dimer to pentamer group were detected in the plasma by the Porter method. Moreover, by the study using reconstituted procyanidins, polymeric procyanidins influenced the absorption of procyanidin oligomers. These results suggest that ACTs are absorbed and directly involved in physiological functions in the rats.
The ‘Oral 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Pulse Therapy’ in Hemodialysis Patients with Severe Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (1991)

Many hemodialysis patients are still suffering from secondary hyperparathyroidism although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been used to treat renal osteodystrophy for the last two decades. The main reason for its failure to correct the secondary hyperparathyroidism is that in patients, hypercalcemia occurs before adequate parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression is obtained when a large daily dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 is started. In this study, the oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (4.0 micrograms) was administered only twice a week at the end of hemodialysis ('oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy'), in 19 patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum immunoreactive PTH started to decrease after 6 weeks of therapy, and the original level of 41.2 +/- 7.24 was reduced to 24.4 +/- 6.12 ng/ml by the end of the 6-month therapy (p less than 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase also was reduced by 64.4%. Three out of 19 patients suffered from hypercalcemia during the 4th month of therapy. Calcium supplement given to 6 other patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism did not lower serum PTH levels significantly after 6 weeks of therapy, although serum calcium levels increased and were sustained above 10 mg/dl for the last 5 weeks. These findings strongly suggest that the suppressive effect of the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy was attained by a direct action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the parathyroid gland rather than by its ability to elevate serum calcium levels. In conclusion, the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy effectively lowered PTH levels in hemodialysis patients who cannot tolerate large daily doses of 1,25(OH)2D3.
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-induced apoptosis involves ligand-independent death receptor aggregation and activation of caspases (1999)

Suicide gene therapy systems such as the herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system (TK/GCV) may kill cancer cells by apoptosis through as yet undefined mechanisms. Here we show that TK/GCV treatment induces p53 accumulation and increases cell surface expression of CD95 and tumor necrosis factor receptor, which is likely to involve p53-mediated translocation of CD95 to the cell surface. TK/GCV-induced apoptosis involves CD95-L-independent CD95 aggregation leading to the formation of a Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase-8-containing, death-inducing signaling complex. Dominant negative FADD, the caspase-8 inhibitor zIETD-fmk [Z-Ile-Glu(OMe)-Thr-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone], and zVAD-fmk (Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) partially abrogate TK/GCV-induced apoptosis. In addition to apoptosis induction, TK/GCV treatment strongly sensitizes for CD95-L-, TNF-, and TNF-related, apoptosis-inducing, ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death in constitutively resistant cells. These findings may be used to increase the efficacy of TK/GCV and other suicide gene therapy systems for the treatment of cancer.
The Role of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274) in the Development of Graft versus Host Disease (2013)

Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274) is an immunomodulatory molecule involved in cancer and complications of bone marrow transplantation, such as graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. The present study was designed to assess the dynamic expression of this molecule after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relation to acute graft-versus-host disease. Female BALB/c mice were conditioned with busulfan and cyclophosphamide and transplanted with either syngeneic or allogeneic (male C57BL/6 mice) bone marrow and splenic cells. The expression of PD-L1 was evaluated at different time points employing qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Allogeneic- but not syngeneic-transplanted animals exhibited a marked up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in the muscle and kidney, but not the liver, at days 5 and 7 post transplantation. In mice transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells, the enhanced expression of PD-L1 was associated with high serum levels of IFNγ and TNFα at corresponding intervals. Our findings demonstrate that PD-L1 is differently induced and expressed after allogeneic transplantation than it is after syngeneic transplantation, and that it is in favor of target rather than non-target organs at the early stages of acute graft-versus-host disease. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of PD-L1 at the gene-, protein- and activity levels with the early development of acute graft-versus-host disease. Our results suggest that the higher expression of PD-L1 in the muscle and kidney (non-target tissues) plays a protective role in skeletal muscle during acute graft-versus-host disease.
The inguinal and femoral canals: A practical step-by-step approach to accurate sonographic assessment (2013)

Ultrasonography (USG) is an accepted and reliable tool for the assessment of groin hernias. However, USG of the groin is operator dependent and challenging. The anatomy of this region is complex and the normal sonographic findings can be difficult to interpret. We describe the relevant normal anatomy of the groin relating to inguinal and femoral hernias, and describe a straightforward, reliable technique for identifying and assessing the integrity of the inguinal and femoral canals. The inferior epigastric vessels are a critical landmark for assessment of the inguinal canal and deep inguinal ring.
A New Scan Flip Flop Design to Eliminate Performance Penalty of Scan (2015)

The demand for high performance system-on-chips (SoC) in communication and computing has been growing continuously. To meet the performance goals, very aggressive circuit design techniques such as the use of smallest possible logic depth are being practiced. Replacement of normal flip-flops with scan flip-flops adds an additional multiplexer delay to critical path. Furthermore as the combinational depth decreases, the performance degradation caused by scan multiplexer delay become more critical. Elimination of the scan multiplexer delay off the functional path has become crucial in maintaining the circuit performance. In this work we propose a new transistor level scan cell design to eliminate the scan multiplexer off the functional path. The proposed scan cell uses separate master latch for functional and test mode where as the slave latch is same in both the modes. Our proposed scan flip-flop fully comply with the conventional test flow. Post layout experimental results justify the effectiveness of the proposed scan cell design in eliminating the performance penalty of scan, and thus in improving the timing performance of integrated circuits.
The rectal administration of MS Contin®: Clinical implications of use in end stage cancer (1989)

Mercy Hospice in Nampa, Idaho administered unmodified MS Contin 30 mg tablets rectally to 39 terminally ill patients. All patients had pain controlled on oral MS Contin but were switched to the rectal route of administration because of intractable nausea, inability to swallow or both. Pain control was maintained on all patients receiving rectal MS Contin. In 11 patients, the dosage of MS Contin was decreased. No local or systemic adverse reactions developed. The rectal administration is a safe, effective and simple means of maintaining pain control in terminally ill patients.
Current Density Enhancement at Active Layer Edges in Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (2001)

In polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, the electric field is concentrated, the carrier density is increased, and the current density is enhanced at active layer edges. This phenomenon is confirmed using the two-dimensional (2-D) device simulation. Because of this phenomenon, the on-current is not proportional to the gate width. This dependence of the on-current on the gate width is confirmed using the 2-D device simulation and experiment.
Nucleation and growth during reactions in multilayer Al/Ni films: The early stage of Al3Ni formation (1991)

Solid-state interdiffusion reactions at Al/Ni interfaces in multilayer films have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy/microanalysis, and thin-film x-ray diffraction. Multilayer films with various modulation periods and an overall atomic concentration ratio of three Al to one Ni were prepared by alternate electron-beam evaporation in high- and ultrahigh-vacuum systems. We show calorimetric, microstructural, and compositional evidence that interdiffusion of Al and Ni leading to solid solutions precedes the formation of intermetallic crystalline compounds. Isothermal calorimetry indicates that Al3Ni subsequently nucleates in the interdiffused region at preferred sites. Calorimetric analyses also suggest that nucleation sites quickly saturate in the early stage of Al3Ni formation and that the nucleation site density strongly depends on the grain sizes of the deposited films. After coalescence into a continuous layer at the interface, Al3Ni thickens through a diffusion-limited process, in agreement with previous reports. A kinetic model is developed which yields calculated calorimetric traces in good agreement with experimental data. Our results suggest the importance of prenucleation interdiffusion, in addition to nucleation, in the selection of the first phase during thin-film reactions.
The Effect of Acetylenic Molecules on Cathodic Overvoltage on Steel in Acid Solutions (1962)

An apparatus was constructed for measuring changes in electrode potential at constant current density. Large increases in hydrogen overvoltage were noted when acetylenic molecules were adsorbed on a steel cathode, and cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen was apparently inhibited. The effect on the anodic oxidation of steel was small. Thus, it can be concluded that these molecules slow down the oxidation of steel in acid solutions by inhibiting the cathodic reactions. The most effective adsorbates are characterized by steric availability of the acetylenic bond, non‐ionic character, and large molecular size.
Optimal Pricing and Inventory Control Policy in Periodic-Review Systems with Fixed Ordering Cost and Lost Sales (2007)

This paper studies a periodic-review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price-sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s, S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty.
A Novel Wound Dressing With an Antibiotic Delivery System Stimulated by Microbial Infection (1997)

The aim of this study was to develop a new wound dressing with controlled release of antibiotics only in the presence of inflection. In the first experiment using an infected dorsal pouch of rats, exudate containing proteinases from pouches contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significantly higher hydrolytic activity toward Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-MCA than that from noninfected wounds. The authors then developed a new type of wound dressing (AGX), a drug delivery system in which gentamicin is bound to polyvinylalcohol hydrogel through an enzymatically degradable peptide linker containing a -(D)-Phe-Pro-Arg- sequence. To investigate in vitro effectiveness, AGX was incubated with exudate from S. aureus infected or P. aeruginosa infected wounds. Gentamicin was selectively released from AGX in the presence of the exudate from S. aureus infected or P. aeruginosa infected wounds, but was not released in the presence of exudate from noninfected wounds. Next, AGX or the polyvinylalcohol hydrogei that served as control was incubated with S. aureus in the presence of human plasma. After 24 hours, S. aureus concentration was markedly lower in the case with AGX than in that with polyvinylalcohol hydrogei. These results indicate that proteinases from wounds infected with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa cleaved the linker and gentamicin was released. ASAIO Journal 1997; 43:M854-M857.
Preparation of submicrometre spherical oxide powders and fibres by thermal spray decomposition using an ultrasonic mist atomiser (1991)

Highly sinterable submicrometre spherical oxide powders and fibres have been prepared by the thermal spray decomposition of an aqueous solution using an ultrasonic atomiser. The concentration of aqueous solution, carrier-gas flow rate, and decomposition temperature influenced the particle size and particle morphology. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of oxide powders showed crystalline phases. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis for YBa2Cu3O7 –x(YBCO) and polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (3Y–TZP) particles showed little compositional fluctuation. The resistivity of YBCO ceramics was measured by the four-probe method, resulting in superconduction at Tc= 90 K (onset), and 88 K (end).
Effect of Polyelectrolyte Structural Features on Flocculation Behavior: Cationic Polysaccharides vs. Synthetic Polycations (2005)

Abstract Summary: Growing demand for environmentally friendly technologies promotes the interest in investigation of natural flocculants and development of new ways of their derivatization aimed to find a compromise between cost, efficiency, and safety in polyelectrolyte applications. Recent progress in cationization of natural starch [T. Heinze et al., Macromol. Mater. Eng . 2002 , 287 , 495] allowed obtaining cationic starch derivatives (2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethylammoniumpropyl starch chloride) with very high substitution degrees (up to 1.54) that made them together with aminopolysaccharide chitosan the most promising candidates to replace synthetic flocculants in various industrial sectors. In this paper the flocculation efficiency of chitosan, cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (Praestols), and two series of cationic starch derivatives varying in substitution degree and amylose/amylopectin ratio is investigated to answer the following questions: do cationic polysaccharides and synthetic polymers show comparable efficiency; does high degree of starch functionalization significantly improve its flocculation behavior in comparison with commercially available starch products; and whether the amylose/amylopectin ratio (i.e. ratio of linear/branched polymers) plays a role in flocculation behavior of highly substituted cationic starch derivatives. Chemical structures of chitosan and cationic starch derivatives. magnified image Chemical structures of chitosan and cationic starch derivatives.