gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel multi wavelength sensor concept to detect total hemoglobin concentration, methemoglobin and oxygen saturation (2015)

The paper will describe the novel multi-wavelength photometric device OxyTrue Hb® which is capable to measure the hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration non-invasively. Clinic trails in blood donation centers and during the dialysis are done to prove and demonstrate the performance of the system. The results are compared to the gold standard, the BGA measurement.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and survival in upper aerodigestive tract cancer. (1993)

EGFR determination deserves particular attention in head and neck cancer, since it independently carries a strong prognostic value.
Interactions between primitive electrical double layers (1992)

A free energy density functional theory is applied to predict the electrostatic force between charged surfaces immersed in the restricted primitive electrolyte, in which ions are represented by charged hard spheres and solvent by a uniform dielectric continuum. The particle correlation due to hard-core exclusions is incorporated in the nonlocal density functional of inhomogeneous hard sphere fluid. The ion–ion electrostatic correlation is treated in the mean spherical approximation. The surface force is found to depend strongly on the electrolyte concentration, surface charge density, and valency of the counterions. Attractive forces are often observed, especially in electrolytes containing divalent counterions. The maximum of the attraction can be an order of magnitude stronger than the van der Waals force evaluated at the same surface separation. The prediction of the classical Poisson–Boltzmann theory that the surface force is always repulsive is qualitatively correct only for monovalent electrolytes at low concentrations and surface charges. The results for an asymmetrical electrolyte resemble those of a symmetrical electrolyte with counterions of the same valency. The theoretical predictions agree well with available computer simulation results.
Swapping Applications in a Daily Airline Fleet Assignment (1996)

An airline's schedule consists of a set of flight legs that it is scheduled to fly. A fleet assignment is an assignment of equipment types (such as a 757, 767, F100 etc.) to each of the flight legs. The fleet assignment is called a daily fleet assignment if the same assignment of equipment types is used every day of the week. The daily fleet assignment has to satisfy certain coverage, balance, and equipment availability constraints. Given a daily fleet assignment, we consider the problem of changing the assignment of a specified flight leg to a different equipment type while still satisfying all the constraints. We give a simple algorithm for making this swap that will not affect the equipment type composition of aircraft overnighting at the various stations. We describe two further applications of our swapping procedure in the airline schedule development process.
Analysis of silicon carbide power device performance (2002)

The authors attempt to define the drift region properties of SiC based rectifiers and MOSFETs to achieve breakdown voltages ranging from 50 to 5000 V. Using these values, the output characteristics of these devices have been calculated. It has been found that 5000-V SiC Schottky rectifiers and power MOSFETs would operate with a forward drop of less than 2 V due to the very low drift region resistance. This value is superior to that for silicon P-i-N rectifiers and gate-turn-off thyristors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Categorization and Reorientation of Images Based on Low Level Features (2011)

A hierarchical system to perform automatic categorization and reorientation of images using content analysis is pre-sented. The proposed system first categorizes images to some a priori defined categories using rotation invariant features. At the second stage, it detects their correct orientation out of {0o, 90o, 180o, and 270o} using category specific model. The system has been specially designed for embedded devices applications using only low level color and edge features. Machine learning algorithms optimized to suit the embedded implementation like support vector machines (SVMs) and scalable boosting have been used to develop classifiers for categorization and orientation detection. Results are presented on a collection of about 7000 consumer images collected from open resources. The proposed system finds it applications to various digital media products and brings pattern recognition solutions to the consumer electronics domain.
Calculation of J-Integral and Stress Intensity Factors using the Material Point Method (2004)

The Material Point Method (MPM), which is a particle-based, meshless method that discretizes ma- terial bodies into a collection of material points (the par- ticles), is a new method for numerical analysis of dy- namic solid mechanics problems. Recently, MPM has been generalized to include dynamic stress analysis of structures with explicit cracks. This paper considers eval- uation of crack-tip parameters, such as J-integral and stress intensity factors, from MPM calculations involv- ing explicit cracks. Examples for both static and dynamic problems for pure modes I and II or mixed mode loading show that MPM works well for calculation of fracture parameters. The MPM results agree well with results ob- tained by other numerical methods and with analytical solutions. keyword: Material point method (MPM), dynamic fracture, J integral, stress intensity factor.
Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and related genes as determinants of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors sensitivity in lung cancer (2007)

Recent discovery of mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in lung adenocarcinoma greatly stimulated biomarker research on predictive factors for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Although patients with activating mutations of the EGFR generally respond to EGFR TKIs very well, it is natural to assume that there is no sole determinant, considering great complexity and redundancy of the EGFR pathway. Subsequently, roles of different types of EGFR mutations or mutations of genes that are members of the EGFR pathway such as KRAS and HER2 have been evaluated. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about how mutations of the EGFR and related genes affect sensitivity to EFGR-TKIs. We also discuss molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs that is almost inevitable in EGFR-TKI therapy. The door for genotype-based treatment of lung cancer is beginning to open, and through these efforts, it will be possible to slow the progression of lung cancer and eventually, to decrease mortality from lung cancer.
The Catenin p120<sup><b><i>ctn</i></b></sup> Interacts with Kaiso, a Novel BTB/POZ Domain Zinc Finger Transcription Factor (1999)

p120(ctn) is an Armadillo repeat domain protein with structural similarity to the cell adhesion cofactors beta-catenin and plakoglobin. All three proteins interact directly with the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin; beta-catenin and plakoglobin bind a carboxy-terminal region in a mutually exclusive manner, while p120 binds the juxtamembrane region. Unlike beta-catenin and plakoglobin, p120 does not interact with alpha-catenin, the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), or the transcription factor Lef-1, suggesting that it has unique binding partners and plays a distinct role in the cadherin-catenin complex. Using p120 as bait, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified a novel transcription factor which we named Kaiso. Kaiso's deduced amino acid sequence revealed an amino-terminal BTB/POZ protein-protein interaction domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc fingers of the C2H2 DNA-binding type. Kaiso thus belongs to a rapidly growing family of POZ-ZF transcription factors that include the Drosophila developmental regulators Tramtrak and Bric à brac, and the human oncoproteins BCL-6 and PLZF, which are causally linked to non-Hodgkins' lymphoma and acute promyelocytic leukemia, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies to Kaiso were generated and used to immunolocalize the protein and confirm the specificity of the p120-Kaiso interaction in mammalian cells. Kaiso specifically coprecipitated with a variety of p120-specific monoclonal antibodies but not with antibodies to alpha- or beta-catenin, E-cadherin, or APC. Like other POZ-ZF proteins, Kaiso localized to the nucleus and was associated with specific nuclear dots. Yeast two-hybrid interaction assays mapped the binding domains to Arm repeats 1 to 7 of p120 and the carboxy-terminal 200 amino acids of Kaiso. In addition, Kaiso homodimerized via its POZ domain but it did not heterodimerize with BCL-6, which heterodimerizes with PLZF. The involvement of POZ-ZF proteins in development and cancer makes Kaiso an interesting candidate for a downstream effector of cadherin and/or p120 signaling.
In quest of the flank (1989)

Abstract Primarily through synthetic and field data examples, this paper reviews the benefits of recent developments in time migration of seismic data and reveals limitations, some of them fundamental, that keep elusive the goal of imaging steep events with full accuracy. Even where velocity varies only with depth and, hence, time migration should suffice, accurate imaging of very steep events requires that the velocity structure be known with considerable precision and be finely sampled in depth. This sensitivity of migration accuracy to detail in velocity structure is attributable to the sensitivity of ray bending for wide-angle rays to detail in the velocity structure. Also, interestingly, the presence of ray bending at interfaces is seen to enhance the steep-event accuracy of some algorithms (e.g., phase shift and cascaded finite-difference) while it degrades the accuracy of others (for example, conventional Kirchhoff summation and the frequency-wavenumber domain method of Stolt). Of the various time-migration schemes, a cascading of the Stolt method is the most efficient while having steep-event accuracy in the presence of significant vertical velocity variation. Its behavior in the presence of even mild lateral velocity variation, however, differs greatly from that of the other methods and must be taken into account.A case involving 3-D migration of 3-D survey data shows how different issues in imaging of the subsurface (two-pass versus single-pass 3-D migration and algorithm choice in the presence of mild lateral velocity variation) can become intertwined in practice and lead to confusion as to which of the issues is essential for accurate imaging of the subsurface.
Airway sensory replacement as a treatment for smoking cessation (1996)

Although nicotine may be a necessary component of the smoking addiction, it is obvious even to the non-expert that there is far more to smoking than the delivery of nicotine alone. Among the many aspects of smoking that smokers find pleasurable, 60% of smokers report liking of the feeling of cigarette smoke in the throat and chest. This paper summarizes several studies that strongly suggest that the airway sensations of smoking are important for at least the short-term satisfaction and craving reduction of cigarette smoking, and that these sensations can be reproduced by several other substances than cigarette smoke. Airway sensory replacement, especially in combination with nicotine replacement, may fill one of the many gaps that currently exist in smoking cessation treatment. Drug Dev. Res. 38:257–262 © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CDMA CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (1998)

The article analyses the development trend of mobile communication technology,pointing out various advantages of CDMA[Code Divisiom Multiple Access]. Cellular mobile communications. At the same time,it also makes an introduction of the CDMA system constitution.
Efficient modular design of TSC checkers for m-out-of-2m codes (1988)

A design method of totally self-checking (TSC) m-out-of-2m code checkers is presented. The design is composed basically of two full-adder/half-adder trees, each summing up the ones received on m input lines, and a k-variable two-pair two-rail code tree that compares the outputs of the two-adder tree. The only modules used are full-adders, half-adders, and two-variable TSC two-rail code checkers. This method is well suited for VLSI MOS implementation and, compared to previous methods, it results in significant circuit cost reduction and smaller test set, without sacrificing performance. Also, the proposed design has the advantages of a modular design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward New Phosphors for Application in Illumination-Grade White pc-LEDs: The Nitridomagnesosilicates Ca[Mg<sub>3</sub>SiN<sub>4</sub>]:Ce<sup>3+</sup>, Sr[Mg<sub>3</sub>SiN<sub>4</sub>]:Eu<sup>2+</sup>, and Eu[Mg<sub>3</sub>SiN<sub>4</sub>] (2014)

The isotypic compounds M[Mg3SiN4] (M = Ca,Sr,Eu) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions in sealed tantalum ampules or in a radio-frequency furnace. The nitridomagnesosilicates crystallize in space group I41/a (No. 88). Crystal structures were solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Z = 16, Ca[Mg3SiN4]:Ce3+, a = 11.424(2), c = 13.445(3) Å, R1 = 0.040, wR2 = 0.106; Sr[Mg3SiN4]:Eu2+, a = 11.495(2), c = 13.512(3) Å, R1 = 0.036, wR2 = 0.102; Eu[Mg3SiN4], a = 11.511(4), c = 13.552(4) Å, R1 = 0.016, wR2 = 0.039). The nitridomagnesosilicates are isotypic to Na[Li3SiO4], containing a condensed tetrahedra network with a high degree of condensation (i.e., atomic ratio (Mg,Si):N) κ = 1. The crystal structures were confirmed by Rietveld refinement, lattice energy (MAPLE) calculations, and further investigated by 29Si-MAS NMR. Ce3+-doped samples of Ca[Mg3SiN4] show yellow emission (λmax = 530 and 585 nm, fwhm ∼3900 cm–1 (∼130 nm)), while Sr[Mg3SiN4]:Eu2+ exhibits red luminescence (λmax = 615 nm) with the most narrow red emission of Eu2+-phosphors reported in the literature so far (fwhm ∼1170 cm–1 (∼43 nm)). According to this outstanding narrow red emission, originating from parity allowed 4f65d1 → 4f7 transition in Eu2+, Sr[Mg3SiN4]:Eu2+ may point the way to the next generation red phosphor materials for application in illumination-grade white pc-LEDs.
Semiconductor laser logic gate suitable for monolithic integration (1987)

A new semiconductor laser optical logic gate based on quenching and capable of performing the not, nor, and nand functions is described. The device can be operated both pulsed and cw at room temperature. In addition, the new logic gate can be monolithically integrated.
Ovipositional Behavior of Tobacco Budworm and Tobacco Hornworm (1991)

The USDA - Nicotiana species germplasm collection was evaluated for tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] and tobacco hornworm [Manduca sexta (L.)] field infestation levels and for ovipositional responses of moths within screened field cages. Species which did not produce observable trichome exudates did not receive as many budworm or hornworm eggs as a flue-cured tobacco in paired choice or no-choice experiments. Qualitative and quantitative data on the cuticular chemistries were obtained. The cuticular extracts of all the Nicotiana species contained a series of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Major components in the trichome exudates were found to be diterpenes (duvane and/or labdane types) and/or sugar esters (sucrose and/or glucose). Eight different general types of sucrose esters and two types of glucose esters were identified. All sugar ester types contained a complex mixture of C3-C8 fatty acids attached to the 2,3, and 4 positions of the glucose moiety. Cuticular components were isolated and tested for tobacco budworm ovipositional response. Several cuticular diterpenes (α- and β-4,8,13-duvatriene-l,3-diols, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols, manool and labda-13-ene-8α-15-diol) and two sucrose ester types (6-0-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acyl- sucrose and 2,3,4-tri-0-acyl-4'-0-acetyl-sucrose) were found to increase oviposition by tobacco budworm moths when these materials were sprayed onto a leaf devoid of them. We believe that these components are contact ovipositional stimulants.
Separation and identification of petroleum biomarkers by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (2001)

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has been used to separate and identify biomarker molecules in crude oil. The biomarkers examined include alkylated aromatics (naphthalenes, biphenyls, fluorenes, phenanthrenes, chrysenes), sulfur-containing aromatics (dibenzothiophenes, benzonaphthothiophenes), steranes, triterpanes, and triaromatic steranes. These biomarkers, which are frequently used in forensic oil spill analysis and petroleum exploration, were separated into easily recognizable bands in the GC×GC chromatogram. Methods used to identify the bands included peak matching with chemical standards, comparison with GC/MS extracted ion chromatograms, and the application of chemical logic based on the known volatility and polarity properties of the biomarkers.
Earned value method as a tool for project control (2008)

Earned Value is a well-known project management tool that uses information on cost, schedule and work performance to establish the current status of the project. By means of a few simple rates, it allows the manager to extrapolate current trends to predict their likely final effect. The method is based on a simpli-fied model of a project, but proved to be useful in practice of cost control. It is being developed to account better for schedule and time aspects. The paper outlines the basic principles of the method and its recent extension, the Earned Schedule method, and, with help of a few examples, investigates into assumptions that affect their diagnostic and predictive accuracy.
Comparisons of 7- to 78-joint ultrasonography scores: all different joint combinations show equal response to adalimumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

The reduced joint combinations were highly associated to the 78-joint score. Furthermore, all the joint combinations presently explored responded well to biological treatment. This indicates that an approach focusing on few joints and tendons gives equivalent information about the inflammatory activity in RA patients as a comprehensive US examination. The optimal combination of joints and tendons for a valid, reliable and feasible US measurement should be further explored to define a US score for follow-up of RA patients on biological treatment.
Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequence of Bovine α-Lactalbumin and Hens Egg White Lysozyme (1967)

A partial sequence for α-lactalbumin, one of the two proteins of lactose synthetase, has been established. This sequence includes the exact position of all but 15 of the 123 residues in the molecule, and two of the four disulfide bonds. This partial structure shows that α-lactalbumin has a close structural similarity to hens egg white lysozyme. When the sequences of the two proteins are aligned, 40 residues in α-lactalbumin are identical with corresponding residues in lysozyme. An additional 27 residues at corresponding positions are chemically similar. From these observations it is concluded that the genes for α-lactalbumin and egg white lysozyme are derived from a common ancestor. It is proposed that an ancestral gene which controlled the sequence of a lysozyme-like enzyme duplicated, and the duplicate genes evolved independently giving rise to the genes for α-lactalbumin and the lysozymes.
Powder magnetoresistance (invited) (1999)

Magnetoresistance observed in pressed powder compacts of half-metallic ferromagnetic oxides is reviewed. The main, isotropic negative magnetoresistance, which exceeds 50% in CrO2 at low temperature, is due to alignment of the the ferromagnetic moments of contiguous ferromagnetic grains. The effect is related to interparticle tunelling and shows hysteresis similar to that of the bulk magnetization. Spin-dependent Coulomb blocade observed in the smallest particles. There is also, an anisotropic magnetoresistance of up to 1% and a high-field increase in conductivity of order 1%/T in the powder compacts.
Side-chain entropy opposes alpha-helix formation but rationalizes experimentally determined helix-forming propensities. (1992)

In recent host-guest studies, the helix-forming tendencies of amino acid residues have been quantified by three groups, each obtaining similar results [Padmanabhan, S., Marqusee, S., Ridgeway, T., Laue, T. M. & Baldwin, R. L. (1990) Nature (London) 344, 268-270; O'Neil, K. T. & DeGrado, W. F. (1990) Science 250, 646-651; Lyu, P. C., Liff, M. I., Marky, L. A. & Kallenbach, N. R. (1990) Science 250, 669-673]. Here, we explore the hypothesis that these measured helix-forming propensities are due primarily to conformational restrictions imposed upon residue side chains by the helix itself. This proposition is tested by calculating the extent to which the bulky helix backbone "freezes out" available degrees of freedom in helix side chains. Specifically, for a series of apolar residues, the difference in configurational entropy, delta S, between each side chain in the unfolded state and in the alpha-helical state is obtained from a simple Monte Carlo calculation. These computed entropy differences are then compared with the experimentally determined values. Measured and calculated values are found to be in close agreement for naturally occurring amino acids and in total disagreement for non-natural amino acids. In the calculation, delta S(Ala) = 0. The rank order of entropy loss for the series of natural apolar side chains under consideration is Ala less than Leu less than Trp less than Met less than Phe less than Ile less than Tyr less than Val. Among these, none favor helix formation; Ala is neutral, and all remaining residues are unfavorable to varying degrees. Thus, applied to side chains, the term "helix preference" is a misnomer. While side chain-side chain interactions may modulate stability in some instances, our results indicate that the drive to form helices must originate in the backbone, consistent with Pauling's view of four decades ago [Pauling, L., Corey, R. B. & Branson, H. R. (1951) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 37, 205-210].
Oxyquinoline-containing ointment vs. standard therapy for stage I and stage II skin lesions. (1992)

This study compared DermaMend and A & D for treating Stage I and Stage II skin lesions in nursing home residents. DermaMend led to more healing (p < .05) and more rapid healing (p < .03 Stage II lesions). Nurses preferred DermaMend over A & D 79.5% to 4% (16.5% no opinion) (p < 0.01).
Fast and wide tuning range wavelength-swept fiber laser based on dispersion tuning and its application to dynamic FBG sensing (2009)

We report a wavelength-swept fiber laser with high speed and wide tuning range, and its application to fiber sensors. The laser is based on the dispersion tuning technique, which does not require any optical tunable filter in the laser cavity. By directly modulating the semiconductor amplifier and adjusting the dispersion in the cavity, a wide wavelength tuning range of 178.7 nm and a fast tuning rate of over 200 kHz are obtained. The wavelength-swept laser source is applied to a dynamic fiber Bragg grating sensing system. Dynamic measurement of a 150 Hz sinusoidal strain is demonstrated with a measuring speed as fast as 40 kHz.