gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical coupling of GaAs photodetectors integrated with lithium niobate waveguides (1990)

The optical coupling of GaAs photodetectors integrated with LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides using epitaxial liftoff is measured and compared to calculations based on a complex index model. The measured coupling is found to be comparable to that obtained in epitaxial semiconductor waveguide detectors, but it is lower than expected. Low coupling efficiency is attributed to the presence of a low index barrier layer, not present in semiconductor-based structures, at the GaAs-LiNbO/sub 3/ interface. A simple method of restoring the coupling to its original value without the need to eliminate the barrier layer is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cancer in the "cold" breast thermogram (1976)

: The hallmark of the normal breast thermogram is relative symmetry of vascular configuration and thermal content with preservation of the breast contour. Accepted criteria of abnormality are predicated upon graphic and thermal asymmetry with emphasis placed upon elevated temperature, an increase in the number of discernible vessels, and distorted vascular patterns. The association of a confirmed breast cancer and an avascular thermogram has been labeled a false negative. Avascularity ("cold" breast), particularly in the lower half, with normal vessels in the same location of the opposite breast is suggested as an additional characteristic of abnormality. Illustrative cases are presented.
SLODAR: measuring optical turbulence altitude with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (2002)

This paper discusses the use of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors to determine the vertical distribution of atmospheric optical turbulence above large telescopes. It is demonstrated that the turbulence altitude profile can be recovered reliably from time-averaged spatial crosscorrelations of the local wavefront slopes for Shack-Hartmann observations of binary stars. The method, which is referred to as SLODAR, is analogous to the well known SCIDAR scintillation profiling technique, and a calibration against contemporaneous SCIDAR observations is shown. Hardware requirements are simplified relative to the scintillation method, and the number of suitable target objects is larger. The implementation of a Shack-Hartmann based turbulence monitor for use at the William Herschel Telescope is described. The system will be used to optimize adaptive optical observations at the telescope and to characterize anisoplanatic variations of the corrected point spread function.
Anesthetic Depth Defined Using Multiple Noxious Stimuli during Isoflurane/Oxygen Anesthesia (1994)

Isoflurane used as a sole agent is unable to suppress hemodynamic reactions (blood pressure and heart rate) to painful stimuli. A "normal" blood pressure following stimulation can be achieved only if prestimulation blood pressure is depressed to levels that may be clinically unacceptable. The lack of motor response is not an accurate predictor of the ability of an agent to depress hemodynamic reaction.
Flight mechanics of a tailless articulated wing aircraft (2011)

This paper investigates the flight mechanics of a micro aerial vehicle without a vertical tail in an effort to reverse-engineer the agility of avian flight. The key to stability and control of such a tailless aircraft lies in the ability to control the incidence angles and dihedral angles of both wings independently. The dihedral angles can be varied symmetrically on both wings to control aircraft speed independently of the angle of attack and flight path angle, while asymmetric dihedral can be used to control yaw in the absence of a vertical stabilizer. It is shown that wing dihedral angles alone can effectively regulate sideslip during rapid turns and generate a wide range of equilibrium turn rates while maintaining a constant flight speed and regulating sideslip. Numerical continuation and bifurcation analysis are used to compute trim states and assess their stability. This paper lays the foundation for design and stability analysis of a flapping wing aircraft that can switch rapidly from flapping to gliding flight for agile manoeuvring in a constrained environment.
PANDORA, Australiaa's Web Archive (2007)

Abstract In this article, the history of the development of Australia's Web archive, PANDORA, is presented. Criteria for selection, harvesting techniques, the static or dynamic nature of the material, and the technical aspects of archiving are discussed. Policy matters include copyright, permission to archive, legal deposit arrangements, requests to remove harvested material. Practices for administrative, preservation, descriptive, and rights metadata are reviewed. Observations are made on the various functions served by the metadata. The dataflow and the distribution of the cataloguing data are cited. Resources that need periodic re-harvesting due to their dynamic nature and resources that involve parent-child relationships have implications for cataloguing workload. Staffing resources and costs are assessed.
Synthesis and Properties of New Thiourea-Functionalized Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers and Their Role as Hosts for Urea Functionalized Guests (2001)

Five generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been modified by palmityl and adamantyl endgroups via a thiourea linkage. The synthesis of the thiourea dendrimers DAB-dendr-(NHCSNHAd)(n) and DAB-dendr-(NHCSNHC(16)H(33))(n) (n = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64) proceeds smoothly via the amino-terminated DAB dendrimer and the adamantyl and palmityl isothiocyanates, respectively. The properties of the thiourea dendrimers have been studied by IR and (1)H NMR, including relaxation (T1, T2) measurements. The thiourea dendrimers are used as multivalent hosts for a number of guest molecules containing a terminal urea-glycine unit in organic solvents. The host-guest interactions have been investigated using 1D- and NOESY-NMR. These investigations show that the guest molecules bind to the dendritic host via thiourea (host)-urea (guest) hydrogen bonding, and ionic bonding between the terminal guest carboxylate moiety and the outer shell tertiary amines of the dendrimer. The ability to bind guest molecules of the adamantyl- and palmitylthiourea dendrimers has been compared with their respective urea containing dendrimer analogues, by NMR-titration, and competition experiments. Upon complexation, the thiourea dendrimer hosts show a larger downfield NH shift than the corresponding urea dendrimer hosts, indicative of stronger hydrogen bonding in the complexed state. Furthermore, microcalorimetry has been used to determine binding constants for formation of the host-guest complexes; the binding constants are typically in the order of 10(4) M(-1). Both NMR and microcalorimetric studies show that the thiourea dendrimers bind the urea containing guests with somewhat higher affinity than the corresponding urea dendrimers.
MHC I-dependent antigen presentation is inhibited by poliovirus protein 3A (2000)

The effects of poliovirus 3A protein expression and poliovirus infection on the presentation of hepatitis C virus antigens in cultured chimpanzee cells were examined. Expression of poliovirus 3A protein inhibits protein secretion when expressed in isolation and was sufficient to protect chimpanzee cells from lysis by hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in standard (51)Cr-release assays. Poliovirus infection also inhibited antigen presentation, as determined by decreased cytotoxic T cell activation. A mutation in 3A that abrogates the inhibition of protein secretion also abolished the effects of poliovirus on antigen presentation. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of secretion observed in poliovirus-infected cells substantially reduces the presentation of new antigens on the cell surface. These observations may reflect a general mechanism by which nonenveloped viruses such as poliovirus and other viruses that do not require a functional protein secretory apparatus can evade detection by the cellular immune response.
Simple technique for optical flow estimation (1990)

A technique is proposed for the measurement of two-dimensional (2-D) image motion. The basic component is a 2-D motion sensor that is made up of 12 circularly symmetric second-derivative operators arranged around a similar central operator. The Laplacian of a Gaussian is used to achieve the second-derivative operation. The sensor therefore consists of 12 pairs of overlapping operators, arranged in a radial pattern, and is capable of measuring speed in 12 separate directions at any point in the image. When an edge crosses the sensor, since the distance between operators is known, its speed along a given direction is determined by the relative times of occurrence of the two zero crossings in the temporal outputs of the operator pair oriented in that direction. The low-pass spatial filtering produced by the operators, along with their close proximity, helps to prevent more than one edge from fitting between the operator pairs at any one time, and the correspondence problem is thus minimized. The direction of the edge normal and the speed can be found from the distribution of time differences in each of the 12 sensor directions. These edge velocities are passed onto a second stage, which uses directionally tuned patternmotion detectors to solve the aperture problem. The entire system involves a simple network of weighted connections and is potentially a fast method of obtaining a 2-D optical flow field from a sequence of images.
Design, Simulation, and Implementation of a CMOS Analog Decoder for (480,240) Low-Density Parity-Check Code (2017)

The analog low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder, which is a specific application of the probabilistic computing, is considered to be a promising solution for power-constrained applications. However, due to the lack of efficient electronic design automation tools and reliable circuit model, the analog LDPC decoders suffer from costly hand-craft design cycle, and are unable to provide enough coding gains for practical applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of a (480,240) CMOS analog LDPC decoder, which is the longest implemented code to date using the analog approach. We first propose an analog LDPC decoder architecture, which is constructed by the reusable modules and can significantly reduce the hardware complexity. And then, we present a mixed behavioral and structural model for the analog LDPC decoding circuits, which can reliably and efficiently predict the error-correcting performance. Finally, the experimental results show that the decoder prototype, which is fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology, can achieve a throughput higher than 50 Mbps with the power consumption of 86.3 mW for the decoder core, and can offer a superior 6.3-dB coding gain at the bit error rate of 10-6 when the tested throughput is 5 Mbps. The proposed analog LDPC decoder is suitable for the power-limited applications with moderate throughput and certain coding gains.
The effects of ketogenic dieting on skeletal muscle and fat mass (2014)

Background Very low carbohydrate ( 70 %) ketogenic diets (VLCKD) diets have previously been shown to have favorable changes in body composition (increased lean mass and decreased fat mass) in obese or overweight individuals. However, the impact of this form of dieting relative to a traditional high carbohydrate diet has not yet been investigated in resistance trained athletes. PURPOSE: Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of VLCKD verses a traditional western diet on changes in muscle and fat mass.
Investigation of field emission properties of carbon nanotube arrays defined using nanoimprint lithography (2006)

We demonstrate the use of nanoimprint lithography as an alternative low-cost fabrication route for the production of ordered arrays of individual carbon nanotube field emitters. A high emission site density of 4×105cm−2 was observed and is well within the specification of the cathode for a field emission display. The measured field enhancement values from the geometry of the nanotubes were in reasonable agreement with the values obtained through electrical measurements. We also show that the distribution of the field enhancement factor is Gaussian, indicative of the presence of well ordered arrays of carbon nanotube field emitters.
Accumulated motion images for facial expression recognition in videos (2011)

This paper details the method and experiments conducted towards our submission to the FERA 2011 facial expression recognition benchmarking evaluations. The benchmarking evaluation task involves recognizing 5 emotion classes in videos. Our method for detecting facial expressions is a fusion of the decisions of two FER approaches based on two different feature representations, namely using motion information from facial regions and facial feature point displacement information. The main observation motivating the approach we took is that different feature representations are discriminative in detecting different facial expressions. Hence a fusion approach could complement each other to improve recognition performance. Experiments were conducted on the GEMEP-FERA data set provided by the organizers.
Development and Analysis of Door Side-Impact Reinforcements (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A door side-impact reinforcement beam has been developed that allows efficient use of material in resisting side crush loads. The beam section can be roll formed, thus permitting further economies in fabrication. Analytical techniques have been developed that evaluate and handle bending, buckling, and crippling in beam design. This paper covers the development that led up to these results and includes a detailed description of how to apply the analytical methods.</div>
A sequency multiplexing technique for mobile communication systems (2002)

In this paper a multiplexing technique based on Walsh functions (sequency multiplexing) is described for the mobile spread spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) communication system. At the base station, the bit streams forwarded to each of 2K users are partitioned into two branches. In each branch it is first multiplexed by the corresponding Walsh function identifying a user and then it is spread by a PN sequence identifying one of two orthogonal components of the carrier of the branches. This multiplexing method makes all spread spectrum channels orthogonal and perfectly separated in the ideal case (provided perfect synchronization is achieved) at the same path, so it decreases the multiple access interferences. It is shown that sequency multiplexing combined with the spread spectrum technique is a suitable method for use on the down link of CDMA mobile communication system.
The neurobiology of bipolar disorder: identifying targets for specific agents and synergies for combination treatment (2013)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness described by severe changes in mood. Extensive research has been carried out to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of BD. Several hypotheses have been postulated, including alteration in genetic factors, protein expression, calcium signalling, neuropathological alteration, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in BD. In the following paper, we will attempt to integrate these data in a manner which is to understand targets of treatment and how they may be, in particular, relevant to combination treatment. In summary, the data suggested that BD might be associated with neuronal and glial cellular impairment in specific brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex. From molecular and genetics: (1) alterations in dopaminergic system, through catechol-O-aminotransferase; (2) decreased expression and polymorphism on brain-derived neurotrophic factor; (3) alterations cyclic-AMP responsive element binding; (4) dysregulation of calcium signalling, including genome-wide finding for voltage-dependent calcium channel α-1 subunit are relevant findings in BD. Future studies are now necessary to understand how these molecular pathways interact and their connection to the complex clinical manifestations observed in BD.
Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The continuing strength of nuclear medical diagnosis lies in its ability to depict function and therefore detect physiological alterations in a manner not made available by the more morphologically oriented techniques, such as conventional radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Developments in the basic science areas of radiotracer technology and instrumentation have moved rapidly from the research laboratory to clinical facilities where they have significantly contributed to the diagnostic armamentarium in medicine and surgery. Three of the more notable areas of particularly intensive investigative efforts during the past two or three years are those of cardiac and gastrointestinal disease and emission tomography. <h3>Cardiac Evaluation</h3> Two major radionuclide approaches to the diagnosis of suspected coronary artery disease have evolved in the past several years.<sup>1,2</sup>These are the use of thallous chloride Tl 201 to evaluate myocardial perfusion<sup>3</sup>and first-pass and multigated radionuclide angiography to evaluate pumping efficiency of the heart.
Immunohistochemical study of osteonectin in various types of osteosarcoma. (1988)

Polyclonal antibodies against osteonectin, a 32 kd non-collagenous bone protein, were applied for the histogenetic identification of variously differentiated osteosarcoma tissues. A strong positive reaction was found in matrix-producing osteosarcoma cells of the osteoblastic type, but pleomorphic or fibrosarcomatous osteosarcoma tissues reacted focally positive as well. Because the production of osteonectin depends on the osteoblastlike function of the individual tumor cell, a homogeneous immunocytochemical staining of all tumor cells cannot be expected. Nevertheless, the immunocytochemical demonstration of osteonectin in osteolytic tumors that produce no or scarcely any matrix seems to be a valuable tool for establishment of their osteogenic origin.
The Association Between Antecedent Vancomycin Treatment and Hospital-Acquired Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (1999)

The reported strong association between vancomycin treatment and hospital-acquired VRE results from the selection of the reference group, confounding by duration of hospitalization, and publication bias. Studies that accounted for these factors found only a small and nonsignificant association.
Ingaasp/ingaasp multiple-quantum-well modulator with improved saturation intensity and bandwidth over 20 ghz (1992)

A single-mode modulator was realized from an AP-MOCVD grown structure. The multiple-quantum-well electroabsorptive material is made of shallow InGaAsP wells separated by InGaAsP barriers. It exhibits at 1.54 mu m (TE) a 17 dB extinction ratio for a 3 V drive voltage, a 2.7 dB on-state loss and a small-signal bandwidth over 20 GHz with 1-2 mW of coupled optical power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cys–Cys and Cys–Lys Stapling of Unprotected Peptides Enabled by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents (2021)

Easy access to a wide range of structurally diverse stapled peptides is crucial for the development of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Herein, we report bis-functional hypervalent iodine reagents for two-component cysteine-cysteine and cysteine-lysine stapling yielding structurally diverse thioalkyne linkers. This stapling method works with unprotected natural amino acid residues and does not require pre-functionalization or metal catalysis. The products are stable to purification and isolation. Post-stapling modification can be accessed via amidation of an activated ester, or via cycloaddition onto the formed thioalkyne group. Increased helicity and binding affinity to MDM2 was obtained for a i,i+7 stapled peptide.
Targeting and detecting cancer cells using spontaneously formed multifunctional dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (2009)

We develop a facile approach to fabricating multifunctional dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au DSNPs) for cancer cell targeting and imaging. In this work, amine-terminated generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers pre-functionalized with folic acid (FA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI) are complexed with Au(III) ions, followed by acetylation of the amine groups on the dendrimer surfaces. This one-step process leads to the spontaneous formation of 6 nm-sized Au nanoparticles stabilized by multifunctional dendrimers bearing both targeting and imaging functionalities. The multifunctional Au DSNPs are characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry, 1H NMR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formed Au DSNPs are water-soluble, stable, and biocompatible. Combined flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, silver staining, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses show that the FA- and FI-functionalized Au DSNPs can specifically target to cancer cells expressing high-affinity FA receptors in vitro. This approach to functionalizing Au DSNPs may be extended to other targeting molecules, providing a unique nanoplatform for targeting and imaging of a variety of biological systems.
Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo‐planar mri (1995)

Abstract An MRI time course of 512 echo‐planar images (EPI) in resting human brain obtained every 250 ms reveals fluctuations in signal intensity in each pixel that have a physiologic origin. Regions of the sensorimotor cortex that were activated secondary to hand movement were identified using functional MRI methodology (FMRI). Time courses of low frequency (<0.1 Hz) fluctuations in resting brain were observed to have a high degree of temporal correlation ( P < 10 −3 ) within these regions and also with time courses in several other regions that can be associated with motor function. It is concluded that correlation of low frequency fluctuations, which may arise from fluctuations in blood oxygenation or flow, is a manifestation of functional connectivity of the brain.
Formation of metal complexes of tumor‐localizing porphyrins (1984)

Whereas the tumor localizer and photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) has its fluorescence emission maximum at 610-630 nm, several authors have reported that in aqueous solutions of hematoporphyrin (Hp) and Hpd, or in tumors after an injection of Hpd, a compound is formed which has its fluorescence emission maximum at 570-590 nm. This work (HPLC and fluorescence analysis) indicates that this peak is due to the formation of Zn-porphyrins either in vitro or in vivo. Cu- and Co-porphyrins may be formed as well, from traces of these metallic ions. In contrast to free porphyrins and Zn-porphyrins the latter complexes are non-fluorescent and do not act as photosensitizers.