gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane Technology for Offshore LNG (2003)

Abstract Environmental and financial issues will make LNG FPSOs and LNG FSRUs a reality. The technical specificity of the membrane technology, with an outstanding record on LNG carriers, make it particularly adequate for offshore applications. Cost effective and reliable it also offers a great operational flexibility. It has already found its first application in the LNG offshore industry : El Paso LNG Bridge? are being currently built in Korea. Introduction The membrane containment system is widely used on LNG carriers and it has been so for more than 30 years with an outstanding record for safety and reliability (two third of current new orders are placed with membranes). After reviewing some of the history of LNG, the nature of the membrane technology is described. Environmental and financial issues that will make LNG FPSOs and LNG FSRUs a reality are addressed. Issues such as the growing concern about the location of gas terminals, and of course the benefit of having a mobile unit transferable to any part of the globe. The technical specificity of the membrane make it particularly adequate for offshore applications:Large free open deck available for the installation of a liquefaction or a regasification plant.A containment system designed to withstand liquid motion and allows for all filling levels.Safety heightened by a strong and simple design of the hull structure, by a low windage area and by a continuous monitoring of membrane tightness.Light components allowing for on-site repairs & maintenance.Operation flexibility with no continuous cooling down required. Background The commercial use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) was introduced in the 1960's to monetize natural gas reserves that were remote from the consumers. In order to transport this gas on long distances with no consumer on the way, the most cost effective way was to place it on ships. To maximize the amount transported, the cargo is liquefied to take advantage of the density increase (multiplied by nearly six hundred (x600)). The pressure at which natural gas remains in its liquid form at ambient temperature being unacceptable, LNG is stored and transported at ambient pressure and low temperature : -163°C. This low temperature is maintained by insulating the liquid from outside heat. Today this principle is applied both for land storages and for LNG vessels. The containment system of the LNG must therefore face two challenges : resist such low temperature and provide sufficient insulation to keep natural gas in its liquefied state. A third challenge is of course to do that in a cost-effective way. Today, three metallic materials are used that retain ductility at this temperature : aluminum, stainless steel and nickel steel. Two different approaches have been developed : self supporting tanks (the structure of the tank in contact with the LNG is able to resist by itself the pressure of the cargo column) and membrane tanks (the membrane contains the cargo but relies on the ship / building structure to resist the pressure).
Analysis of mammographic density and breast cancer risk from digitized mammograms. (1998)

To evaluate the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk, a simple, observer-assisted technique called interactive thresholding was developed that allows reliable quantitative assessment of mammographic density with use of a computer workstation. Use of this technique helps confirm that mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer and is present in a large proportion of breast cancer cases. The strong relationship between mammographic density and breast cancer risk suggests that the causes of breast cancer may be better understood by identifying the factors associated with mammographically dense tissue and determining how such tissue changes as these factors vary. Furthermore, because it can be modified, mammographic density may also be a good vehicle for the development and monitoring of potential preventive strategies. Areas of ongoing investigation include evaluating a potential genetic component of mammographic density by comparing density measurements in twins and understanding changes in density relative to age, menopausal status, exogenous hormone use, and exposure to environmental carcinogens. In addition, work is ongoing to establish measurements from imaging modalities other than mammography and to relate these measurements directly to breast cancer risk.
<title>Methods for comparing 3D surface attributes</title> (1996)

A common task in data analysis is to compare two or more sets of data, statistics, presentations, etc. A predominant method in use is side-by-side visual comparison of images. While straightforward, it burdens the user with the task of discerning the differences between the two images. The user if further taxed when the images are of 3D scenes. This paper presents several methods for analyzing the extent, magnitude, and manner in which surfaces in 3D differ in their attributes. The surface geometry are assumed to be identical and only the surface attributes (color, texture, etc.) are variable. As a case in point, we examine the differences obtained when a 3D scene is rendered progressively using radiosity with different form factor calculation methods. The comparison methods include extensions of simple methods such as mapping difference information to color or transparency, and more recent methods including the use of surface texture, perturbation, and adaptive placements of error glyphs.
The inhibitory effect of neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>) leaf extracts on aflatoxin synthesis in<i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> (1988)

Abstract The effect of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaf extracts on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis was investigated. The extracts were prepared by blending 50 g (wet weight) of fresh leaves in one 1 of 10 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) or by boiling the leaves in the buffer. Extracts were added to fungal growth media at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50% (vol/vol) concentrations prior to inoculation. The formulations did not affect fungal growth (i.e., mycelial dry weight) but essentially blocked (>98%) aflatoxin biosynthesis at concentrations greater than 10% (vol/vol). The inhibitory effect was somewhat diminished (60–70%) inhibition) in heated leaf extracts. Volatile components of the extracts were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; the major volatile component was 3‐methyl 2‐buten‐1‐ol. However, volatiles from blended leaf extracts did not affect either aflatoxin synthesis or fungal growth. The neem‐mediated inhibition appears to involve regulation of secondary metabolism, because once secondary biosynthesis was initiated the inhibitory effect of the neem leaf constituents was lost.
Local‐angle domain illumination for full‐wave propagators (2008)

We propose an efficient split‐step local plane wave decomposition method to obtain the local‐angle domain (LAD) illumination in the frequency domain for full‐wave propagators. For 2D model, firstly we decompose the full waves along vertical direction using 1D decomposition to separate the downgoing and upgoing waves; then apply 1D decomposition along horizontal direction to the separated downgoing or upgoing waves to get corresponding LAD illuminations. The proposed method can obtain the illumination for turning waves, refracted and reflected waves. It can be extended to 3D case with 1D decomposition along vertical direction and 2D decomposition along horizontal coordinates. We exemplify the method with directional illumination (DI) and acquisition dip response (ADR) analysis in 2D SEG/EAGE salt model. We compare the results with those from more expensive 2D local slant stack (LSS) decomposition method. The results from the proposed method are almost the same as those by the 2D decomposition method. Further we investigate the influence of multiples on the illumination strength.
Measurement of Carbon Black Particles by the Electron Microscope and Low Temperature Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms (1948)

Electron micrographs and nitrogen adsorption isotherms have been compared on six commercial carbon blacks as methods for obtaining particle size and surface area values of finely divided materials. Good agreement between the two procedures was obtained for four of the backs: Grade 6, P 33, acetylene black, and lampblack. For two blacks known to be porous, Mogul and after-treated lampblack, the areas, as measured by the nitrogen isotherms, were 5 to 7 times as large as one would calculate from the electron microscope results.
Expression of c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 proteins in papillary thyroid carcinomas. (1996)

c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 138 fresh-frozen thyroid tissue samples from 106 patients, including 56 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Increased expression of c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 proteins was observed in papillary carcinomas compared to nonneoplastic thyroid tissue. No amplifications of the c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 genes were detected. Coexisting overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB-2, c-erbB-3, and c-erbB-4 was demonstrated in 36 (64%) of 56 papillary thyroid carcinomas. These findings suggest a common regulatory mechanism for the type I (epidermal growth factor receptor-related) receptors in papillary thyroid carcinomas and provide numerous possibilities for functional receptor interactions.
Gasless Laparoscopy and Conventional Instruments (1993)

Comparable exposure was achieved in this cohort of patients with gasless laparoscopy. The use of conventional surgical instruments provides an advantage with this technique. Further improvements in abdominal wall lift systems and modification of existing surgical instruments may expand the role of gasless laparoscopy.
Evaluating Novel Threats to the Homeland: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Cruise Missiles (2008)

How to invest homeland security resources wisely in the United States can appear to be an intractable problem because the large, open American society seems to be vulnerable to so many threats in every corner of the country. This monograph is intended to present a defense-planning approach to bound the problem and thereby aid policy and resource decisions about one type of potential threat to the homeland: cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The methodology used can be applied to other modes of attack, and the insights gained from this approach extend to other threats as well. Indeed, although the focus of the research is on a specific class of weapons, it does not look at that class in isolation; rather, it considers the weapons as one of many options open to a potential attacker and seeks to identify investment strategies that are effective against multiple threats and weapons.
Efficient Synthesis of 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles (2010)

An efficient room-temperature method for the synthesis of 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles from in situ generated copper(I) acetylides and sulfonyl azides is described. The copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) catalyst produces the title compounds under both nonbasic anhydrous and aqueous conditions in good yields.
Treatment or Else (2012)

This study evaluated a community-based correctional program in California, in which parolees tested positive on illicit drugs were given the option of going into a treatment program or having their parole revoked and returned to prison in California. Two comparison groups were constructed to assess the treatment effect-a propensity-based comparison group extracted from the general parolee population and program dropouts. Although implicitly coercive, some parolees who finished the program were less likely to be reincarcerated 12 months following release than both comparison groups. However, the observed treatment advantage quickly eroded in the second observation year. Savings realized from the incarcerations avoided were more than enough to pay for the program. Findings from this study suggest that boosting participation in reentry services through coercive measures may yield currently unrealized individual and societal benefits. However, systemic efforts are needed to extend the short-term treatment effects. Design and data limitations in the study weaken the persuasiveness of these findings. Methodological implications and policy issues about coerced treatment are discussed.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Promote Stent-Mediated Delivery of DNA to Vascular Tissue (2013)

We report an approach to deliver DNA to vascular tissue in vivo using intravascular stents coated with degradable, DNA-containing polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). Ionically cross-linked multilayers ∼120 nm thick were fabricated layer-by-layer on the surfaces of balloon-mounted stainless steel stents using plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable poly(β-amino ester) (polymer 1). Characterization of stents coated using a fluorescently end-labeled analog of polymer 1 revealed film erosion to be uniform across the surfaces of the stents; differential stresses experienced upon balloon expansion did not lead to faster film erosion or dose dumping of DNA in areas near stent joints when stents were incubated in physiologically relevant media. The ability of film-coated stents to transfer DNA and transfect arterial tissue in vivo was then investigated in pigs and rabbits. Stents coated with films fabricated using fluorescently labeled DNA resulted in uniform transfer of DNA to sub-endothelial tissue in the arteries of pigs in patterns corresponding to the locations and geometries of stent struts. Stents coated with films fabricated using polymer 1 and plasmid DNA encoding EGFP resulted in expression of EGFP in the medial layers of stented tissue in both pigs and rabbits two days after implantation. The results of this study, combined with the modular and versatile nature of layer-by-layer assembly, provide a polymer-based platform that is well suited for fundamental studies of stent-mediated gene transfer. With further development, this approach could also prove useful for the design of nonviral, gene-based approaches for prevention of complications that arise from the implantation of stents and other implantable interventional devices.
Diode-pumped compact broadband femtosecond whitelight laser sources using tapered fibers (2004)

Extremely compact diode-pumped Nd:glass and ytterbium femtosecond lasers generated continua in tapered fibers. Only 88 mW at 1060 nm yield a 200 nm wide continuum, and 600 mW of 1040 nm 30 nJ pulses give a 230 mW and >1100 nm wide continuum with a linear Gaussian peak of >250 nm width around 1120 nm.
Tri-lithium borate (Li<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>); a new highly regenerable high capacity CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent at intermediate temperature (2017)

A lithium-borate oxide, Li<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>, is proposed as a next generation high capacity CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent operative over the intermediate temperature range of 500 to 650 °C.
The Metalation of Phenoxazine and Some of its Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Metalation of Phenoxazine and Some of its Derivatives1Henry Gilman and Leonard O. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 9, 2195–2197Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01542a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01542a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIV-1 Infection of the Nervous System Comes of Age (2000)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Chidamide triggers BTG1-mediated autophagy and reverses the chemotherapy resistance in the relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma (2021)

Rituximab/chemotherapy relapsed and refractory B cell lymphoma patients have a poor overall prognosis, and it is urgent to develop novel drugs for improving the therapy outcomes. Here, we examined the therapeutic effects of chidamide, a new histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on the cell and mouse models of rituximab/chemotherapy resistant B-cell lymphoma. In Raji-4RH/RL-4RH cells, the rituximab/chemotherapy resistant B-cell lymphoma cell lines (RRCL), chidamide treatment induced growth inhibition and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The primary B-cell lymphoma cells from Rituximab/chemotherapy relapsed patients were sensitive to chidamide. Interestingly, chidamide triggered the cell death with the activation of autophagy in RRCLs, likely due to the lack of the pro-apoptotic proteins. Based on the RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we identified BTG1 and FOXO1 as chidamide target genes, which control the autophagy and the cell cycle, respectively. Moreover, the combination of chidamide with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin increased growth inhibition on the RRCL in a synergistic manner, and significantly reduced the tumor burden of a mouse lymphoma model established with engraftment of RRCL. Taken together, these results provide a theoretic and mechanistic basis for further evaluation of the chidamide-based treatment in rituximab/chemotherapy relapsed and refractory B-cell lymphoma patients.
Lentiviral Vectors: A Versatile Tool to Fight Cancer (2013)

Over the years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of gene therapy approaches that are under investigation for the treatment of cancer. This can be attributed to our growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the onset and maintenance of cancer as well as to the development of gene delivery vectors. In this review, we will focus on the use of lentiviral vectors (LVs) in immuno gene therapy of cancer, as these efficacious gene delivery vehicles have come to the fore front because of their many attractive features. LVs have been successfully applied to generate potent dendritic cell based anti-cancer vaccines and to deliver cancer-specific receptors to T-cells. Moreover, LVs are under investigation for the modulation of cancer cells. We will describe various strategies of this 'genuine' cancer gene therapy, amongst which transfer of suicide genes, modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules, strategies to optimize chemo- and radiotherapy, expression of molecules that affect angiogenesis or affect the immunogenicity of tumor cells. These will be discussed in view of our current knowledge of tumor immunology. Finally we will discuss some important issues and future directions to push the field forward.
Bevacizumab and daily temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma (2011)

The current study demonstrated that a regimen of combined daily temozolomide and biweekly bevacizumab had some activity and was well tolerated. However, the results obtained in this study were inferior to those observed in studies of bevacizumab monotherapy and of combined irinotecan and bevacizumab therapy. The current patient population was more heterogeneous and was pretreated more heavily than patients in previous studies.
Evaluating the Potential To Predict Activity Types from GPS and GIS Data (2007)

Current travel forecasting models have had limited sensitivity to policy decisions. One of the primary challenges is limitations in the primary data source, the daily travel diary (e.g., accuracy and sample size). The daily travel diary has known problems with underreporting, time inaccuracies, respondent fatigue, and other human errors. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been recently used to supplement the daily travel diary. As GPS becomes more accurate, reliable, and cost effective, could it entirely replace the daily travel diary? GPS devices can be used to record times and locations of each activity and the trips in between. To use GPS data to replace the daily travel diary one needs to predict the activity types. The goal of this research is to test the feasibility of a model that predicts activity types based solely on: (1) GPS data from devices placed on the individual’s vehicle or person, (2) Land use data, such as location type, expressed as GIS data, and (3) Individual and household demographic data. This report summarizes models developed with surrogate geo-coded data using discriminant analysis and classification/ regression trees. The models predicted in which of 26 different activity types the individual participated. Accuracy for the best model was: (1) 63% for out of home activities (2) 79% when including the “at home” activity (3) 72% considering that GPS data may miss as much as 10% of trips Since travel diaries have known underreporting problems as high as 30%, GPS data with the model developed seems competitive.
Highly performant double gate MOSFET realized with SON process: how we address the design and process for the GAA SON challenges ? (2004)

Utilizing the SON (Silicon On Nothing) process, highly performant double gate devices have been processed in a planar configuration. Two families of devices were obtained (High Performance and Low Power) with very high Ion/Ioff trade off. Drive currents of 1954/spl mu/A//spl mu/m (Ioff = 283 nA//spl mu/m) and 1333/spl mu/A//spl mu/m (Ioff = 1 nA//spl mu/m) are obtained @1.2V with Tox = 20A and Lgate = 70nm. DIBL is very well controlled, measured below 60mV for gates as short as 40nm. These features place our devices among the most performant ever reported. After this GAA planar device demonstration, we are looking for his optimization in consideration of the future technologic node challenges: We define a new architecture for GAA and DG device in order to minimize the overlap capacitance, to use a SOI substrate and to create a GAA circuit with the same layout density than bulk. We develop a new concept of Metal gate and/or High-K integration in MOSFET: the PRETCH (Poly Replacement Through Contact Hole) to allow the best compromise between the mobility, and the Vt adjust for the future device generation. The first demonstration of the PRETCH integration was done on bulk CMOS.
Structural heterogeneity of the C3b/C4b receptor (Cr 1) on human peripheral blood cells. (1983)

In these studies CR 1 polymorphism previously demonstrated on erythrocytes (E) was also found on CR 1-bearing peripheral blood leukocytes including polymorphonuclear (PMN), eosinophils, monocytes, and B lymphocytes. However several cell-specific differences in CR1 were found: (a) an approximately 5,000-dalton increase in CR 1 on PMN and eosinophils, (b) unequal band intensity among heterozygotes suggests that there is preferential expression of 220,000- or 225,000-dalton receptors on leukocytes compared to E, and (c) "minor" bands, approximately 15,000 daltons larger than the major receptor molecule, were found on E but not on leukocytes. These observations constitute a unique example of heterogeneity of an integral membrane receptor.