gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-the-fly machine-learning for high-throughput experiments: search for rare-earth-free permanent magnets (2014)

Advanced materials characterization techniques with ever-growing data acquisition speed and storage capabilities represent a challenge in modern materials science, and new procedures to quickly assess and analyze the data are needed. Machine learning approaches are effective in reducing the complexity of data and rapidly homing in on the underlying trend in multi-dimensional data. Here, we show that by employing an algorithm called the mean shift theory to a large amount of diffraction data in high-throughput experimentation, one can streamline the process of delineating the structural evolution across compositional variations mapped on combinatorial libraries with minimal computational cost. Data collected at a synchrotron beamline are analyzed on the fly, and by integrating experimental data with the inorganic crystal structure database (ICSD), we can substantially enhance the accuracy in classifying the structural phases across ternary phase spaces. We have used this approach to identify a novel magnetic phase with enhanced magnetic anisotropy which is a candidate for rare-earth free permanent magnet.
Mitogenic effect contributes to increased virulence of<i>Streptococcus suis</i>sequence type 7 to cause streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (2008)

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 sequence type 7 strains emerged in 1996 and caused a streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in 1998 and 2005 in China. Evidence indicated that the virulence of S. suis sequence type 7 had increased, but the mechanism was unknown. The sequence type 7 strain SC84, isolated from a patient with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome during the Sichuan outbreak, and the sequence type 1 strain 31533, a typical highly pathogenic strain isolated from a diseased pig, were used in comparative studies. In this study we show the mechanisms underlying cytokine production differed between the two types of strains. The S. suis sequence type 7 strain SC84 possesses a stronger capacity to stimulate T cells, naive T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation than does S. suis sequence type 1 strain 31533. The T cell response to both strains was dependent upon the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Histo-incompatible antigen-presenting cells were sufficient to provide the accessory signals to naive T cell stimulated by the two strains, indicating that both sequence type 7 and 1 strains possess mitogens; however, the mitogenic effect was different. Therefore, we propose that the difference in the mitogenic effect of sequence type 7 strain SC84 compared with the sequence type 1 strain 31533 of S. suis may be associated with the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological difference, where the ST 7 strains have a larger mitogenic effect.
Computed tomographic mammography using a conventional body scanner (1982)

The technique for computed tomographic (CT) examination of the breasts using a conventional body scanner is described, and experience with 67 patients is reported. In the diagnosis of both malignant and benign breast lesions, the results with a body scanner were equal to those of a dedicated CT/M mammographic unit. Although the CT study of the breast cannot replace conventional mammography in screening or in routine diagnostic workup, the unique capability of demonstrating both anatomic changes and increased iodide concentration in a cancer provides many advantages over conventional mammography. CT mammography appears to have the capability to detect breast cancers that are occult to other methods. Indications for a CT study of the breasts are: (1) clinically suspected breast cancer, especially with a mammographically occult lesion; (2) questionable mammographic findings, including microcalcifications, tumor shape, architectural distortion, and uncertain lesion location; and (3) evaluation of postbiopsy or postlumpectomy breast cancers when a primary irradiation therapy is contemplated. Breast CT also appears to be a valuable diagnostic tool in searching for a second primary breast cancer, follow-up study of postirradiation of breast cancer, followup study for postmastectomy patients, and screening procedure for genetically high-risk patients, especially those with dense breasts.
A transmission‐map‐based scatter correction technique for SPECT in inhomogeneous media (1995)

In this paper a method of modeling the distribution of scattered events in emission projection data is developed and applied. This method is based on the use of a transmission map to define the inhomogeneous scattering object. The key point is the use of the set of line integrals calculated as part of the attenuation correction technique, as the basis of a model of the distribution of scattered events. The probability of a photon being scattered through a given angle and being detected in the emission energy window is approximated using a Gaussian function. The parameters of this Gaussian are determined using Monte Carlo generated parallel-beam scatter line spread functions from a nonuniformly attenuating phantom. The model is incorporated into a two-dimensional projector-backprojector and used with the Expectation-Maximization-Maximum-Likelihood algorithm for the reconstruction of fan-beam phantom data. The correction is shown to perform well for a phantom that varies slowly in the axial direction. For the more clinically realistic situation of a torso phantom, the method produces improvements in terms of blood pool to myocardium contrast, but does not restore the contrast to the level exhibited in a reconstruction from "scatter free" data.
Derivation of Clones Close to <i>met</i> by Preparative Field Inversion Gel Electrophoresis (1987)

The molecular analysis of genes identified by mutations is a major problem in mammalian genetics. As a step toward this goal, preparative field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was used to selectively isolate clones from the environment of genetically linked markers, and to select a subset of these clones containing sequences next to specific restriction sites rare in mammalian DNA. This approach has been used to generate a library highly enriched in sequences closely linked to the cystic fibrosis marker met. One clone derived from the end of a Not I restriction fragment containing the met sequence was analyzed in detail and localized within a long range map to a position 300 kilobase pairs 5' of the metD sequence.
Thiophenderivate aus 2‐Siloxycyclopropancarbonsäureestern durch neuartige 1,3‐ und 1,2‐sigmatrope Umlagerungen (1988)

Abstract Esterenolate, die aus den 2‐Siloxycyclopropancarbonsäureestern 1 mit LDA erzeugt werden, ergeben mit Schwefelkohlenstoff/Methyliodid die Dihydrothiophencarbonsäureester 3 . Diese können, in Abhängigkeit vom Substitutionsmuster, entweder mit F 3 B–OEt 2 unter Wagner‐Meerwein‐Verschiebung einer Alkylgruppe oder durch säureinduzierte Trimethylsilanol‐Eliminierung in die 3‐Thiophencarbonsäureester 7 umgewandelt werden. Als Mechanismus für die überraschende Ringerweiterung der Cyclopropane zu den Heterocyclen wird eine anionische 1,3‐sigmatrope Umlagerung ( 10→11 ) vorgeschlagen, die selbst bei −78°C rasch erfolgt. Der nichtsiloxysubstituierte Cyclopropancarbonsäureester 13 liefert unter ähnlichen Reaktionsbedingungen den γ,Δ‐ungesättigten Dithiocarbonsäureester 14 , für dessen Bildung eine anionische homo‐1,5‐sigmatrope Wasserstoffverschiebung als Schlüsselschritt postuliert wird. Dagegen entsteht aus dem 2,2‐Diphenylcyclopropancarbonsäureester 17 das Ringöffnungsprodukt 19 , das durch Deprotonierung an C‐3 einer Cyclopropanzwischenstufe entstanden sein muß.
Electrophilic reaction at single bonds. XIII. Chlorination and chlorolysis of alkanes in antimony pentafluoride-chlorine-fluorosulfuryl chloride solution at low temperature (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic reaction at single bonds. XIII. Chlorination and chlorolysis of alkanes in antimony pentafluoride-chlorine-fluorosulfuryl chloride solution at low temperatureGeorge A. Olah and Y. K. MoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 19, 6864–6865Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00774a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00774a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeted Small Interfering RNA-Immunoliposomes as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection (2014)

This study describes a proof-of-concept study on the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-immunoliposomes as a therapeutic agent against H5N1 influenza virus infection. siRNA specific for influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA was employed as the key antiviral agent to inhibit viral replication in this study. A humanized single-chain Fv antibody (huscFv) against the hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) was used as the targeting molecule to HA of H5N1 virus, which is abundantly expressed on the surface of infected cells (the HA target cells). The huscFv was applied to cationic polyethylene glycol-conjugated 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane) carbamoyl] cholesterol-dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEGylated DC-Chol-DOPE) liposomes to generate immunoliposomes for siRNA delivery. The immunoliposomes were shown to specifically bind HA-expressing Sf9 cells and demonstrated enhanced siRNA transfection efficiency. The siRNA transfection efficiency was significantly reduced after preincubation of the HA target cells with an excess amount of free huscFv. These results therefore demonstrated that the enhanced siRNA delivery by use of immunoliposomes was mediated via targeting by huscFv. Furthermore, the siRNA silencing effect was more pronounced when the immunoliposomes were administered 6 to 12 h post-H5N1 infection in MDCK cells compared with the nontargeted liposomes. This proof-of-concept study may contribute to the future design and development of an siRNA delivery system for combating viral infectious diseases in humans.
Migration and malaria risk (2001)

Movements of people in a variety of forms and at a variety of scales play an important role in the malaria equation of parasites-vectors-people. They contribute to the transmission of malaria, spreading infection and exposing non-immune people to risk of infection, and they complicate measures for the control of malaria. The nature of malaria risk is outlined and then relationships between movements and risks are illustrated in regional examples (Southeast Asia, south India, Latin America and tropical Africa). Some consideration is given to cases of 'imported' malaria in the largely malaria-free temperate lands of Europe. While the significance of population movements is recognised, they and other human factors (e.g. distribution and composition of population, social organisation and economic activities) do not receive attention comparable to that given to malaria parasites and vectors. More interdisciplinary approaches by biomedical and social scientists are needed.
Assessment of Selenium Bioavailability from High-Selenium Spirulina Subfractions in Selenium-Deficient Rats (2002)

It was previously found that the bioavailability of Se from Se-rich spirulina (SeSp) was lower than that from selenite or selenomethionine when fed to Se-deficient rats. The present study examined the bioavailability of Se from SeSp subfractions: a pellet (P) issuing from the centrifugation of a suspension of broken SeSp and a retentate (R) resulting from ultrafiltration of the supernatant through a 30 kDa exclusion membrane. Animals were fed a torula yeast based diet with no Se (deficients) or supplemented with 75 microg of Se/kg of diet as sodium selenite (controls) for 42 days. Se-deficient rats were then repleted for 56 days with Se (75 microg/kg of diet) supplied as sodium selenite, SeSp, P, or R. During this period, controls continued to receive sodium selenite. Speciation of Se in subfractions showed that the majority was present in the form of high molecular weight compounds; free selenomethionine was only a minor constituent. Gross absorption of Se from sodium selenite, P, and R was not different and was higher than from SeSp. Only retentate allowed full replenishment of Se concentration in liver and kidney (as did sodium selenite) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in liver, kidney, plasma, and erythrocytes. The bioavailabilities of Se in retentate, as assessed by slope ratio analysis using selenite as a reference Se, were 89 and 112% in the tissue Se content and 106-133% in the GSHPx activities. SeSp and P exhibited a gross bioavailability of <100%. These results indicate that Se in retentate is highly bioavailable and represents an interesting source of Se for food supplementation.
Super-Resolution using Motion and Defocus Cues (2007)

Reconstruction-based super-resolution algorithms use either sub-pixel shifts or relative blur among low-resolution observations as a cue to obtain a high-resolution image. In this paper, we propose a super-resolution algorithm that exploits the information available in the low-resolution observations due to both sub-pixel shifts and relative blur to yield a better quality image. Performance analysis is carried out based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Several experimental results on synthetic and real images are given for validation.
Interference of iodine-125 ligands in radioimmunoassay: evidence implicating thyroxine-binding globulin. (1979)

Although there is abundant published evidence that radioiodinated antigens interfere in digoxin radioimmunoassays, other radioimmunoassays are similarly affected. We investigated the relationship of radioiodinated antigen structure to its function in the immunoassay. Carrier-free 125I-labeled iodotyrosine and iodohistamine derivatives were incubated with human serum, and the bound and free fractions were separated. We demonstrated that diiodotyrosyl analogs bind avidly to serum proteins. Because protein binding could be reduced with competitors that inhibit thyroxine-binding globulin, such as 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate and thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin was clearly implicated. Diiodotyrosyl compounds also bound to solutions of purified thyroxine-binding globulin, and this binding was inhibited by the same two competitors. We postulate that thyroxine-binding globulin is the major source of the heretofore unexplained interference of radioiodinated haptens. We present recommendations for eliminating or minimizing such interference.
Portable wireless CATV tester unit with solar panel (2009)

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network system can transmit signal at a high speed level such as transmitting video, data and voice signals to the users. However, we do not know whether the send signals are in a good condition or not. Therefore, a community access television, CATV tester device is needed. An upgrading from first generation CATV tester unit, a wireless technology is applied through the implementation of audio video transmitter and receiver. This tester will display the received signal on the display panel, if the signal received by the CATV tester device is accompanied by undesired signals and noises, it will then indicate that the main (FTTH trunk line) is probably damaged and needed to be repaired. With the application of wireless technology, video signal that is transmitted through fiber optic cable located in the underground can be simply detected and determined whether it is functioning or not. An addition of solar panel as battery charger for power saving is also applied.
Melatonin reduces infarction volume in a photothrombotic stroke model in the wild‐type but not cyclooxygenase‐1‐gene knockout mice (2006)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays a harmful role in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury, but the role of COX-1 is uncertain. In the present study, cerebral infarct was induced by photothrombosis. Intraperitoneal injections of melatonin at 15 g/kg or its vehicle were made at 0.5 hr before stroke and 24 and 48 hr after stroke. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the penumbra was monitored during stroke using a laser Doppler flowmeter. Sensorimotor behavior was evaluated using the turning in an alley and falling from a pole tests at 1 hr before stroke and 24 and 48 hr after stroke. Infarct volume was determined from the T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at 72 hr after stroke. During the first 15 min of stroke, CBF decreased in the penumbra in both homozygous COX-1-gene knockout and wild-type mice. Melatonin treatment improved the penumbral CBF in the wild-type mice. Mild poststroke impairment in sensorimotor behavior was detected by the turning in an alley test in which the COX-1-gene knockout mice performed better. Melatonin treatment did not affect the poststroke sensorimotor behavior. The relative infarct volume at 72 hr after stroke was 8.1% and 8.4% in the COX-1-gene knockout and wild-type mice, respectively. Melatonin treatment reduced the relative infarct volume to 6.3% in the latter but not in the former (8.2%). Thus, COX-1-gene knockout does not affect the brain's susceptibility to photothrombotic stroke. Melatonin treatment reduces infarct size in the wild-type mice following photothrombotic stroke partly via maintenance of penumbral CBF in which the COX-1-gene may play a role.
Family-wide characterization of the DENN domain Rab GDP-GTP exchange factors (2010)

A key requirement for Rab function in membrane trafficking is site-specific activation by GDP-GTP exchange factors (GEFs), but the majority of the 63 human Rabs have no known GEF. We have performed a systematic characterization of the 17 human DENN domain proteins and demonstrated that they are specific GEFs for 10 Rabs. DENND1A/1B localize to clathrin patches at the plasma membrane and activate Rab35 in an endocytic pathway trafficking Shiga toxin to the trans-Golgi network. DENND2 GEFs target to actin filaments and control Rab9-dependent trafficking of mannose-6-phosphate receptor to lysosomes. DENND4 GEFs target to a tubular membrane compartment adjacent to the Golgi, where they activate Rab10, which suggests a function in basolateral polarized sorting in epithelial cells that compliments the non-DENN GEF Sec2 acting on Rab8 in apical sorting. DENND1C, DENND3, DENND5A/5B, MTMR5/13, and MADD activate Rab13, Rab12, Rab39, Rab28, and Rab27A/27B, respectively. Together, these findings provide a basis for future studies on Rab regulation and function.
R‐Wave Sensing in an Implantable Cardiac Monitor without ECG‐Based Preimplant Mapping: Results from a Multicenter Clinical Trial (2013)

The subcutaneous R-wave amplitude correlates with electrode spacing in the implant zone of ICM patients. Implant locations at the V2 -V3 position at a 45° angle offer an adequate R wave for sensing. Preimplant mapping to achieve acceptable R-wave amplitude may not be necessary.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in III-V semiconductors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at very low substrate temperatures (1992)

Ultrashort carrier lifetimes were experimentally observed in a variety of As-based III-V crystalline semiconductor layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy over a range of very low substrate temperatures. Time-resolved optical absorption, reflection, and photoconductive switching measurements with femtosecond resolution have been used to directly measure the ultrafast carrier dynamics in these materials. GaAs and In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As grown at temperatures of 200 and 150 degrees C, respectively, exhibited subpicosecond carrier lifetimes, while lattice-mismatched In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As on GaAs displayed a 7-ps carrier lifetime in material grown at 200 degrees C. A distinct decrease in carrier lifetime with decreasing growth temperature is documented for all three material systems. For epilayers annealed at high-temperature, resistivities are high, and thus these materials were found to be ideally suited for a number of ultrafast optoelectronic applications. A number of applications are reviewed and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the spatial resolution on the precision of parameter estimation in 3-D image registration with external markers (2002)

We have studied multimodal 3-D image registration with external markers. We have generated marker positions using Monte-Carlo techniques. The parameters of the registration (3 Euler angles, 3 translations and 3 magnifications) have been studied for various spatial resolution of the imaging modalities. We find that the precision (error of measurement) of these registration parameters varies linearly with the combined spatial resolution of the imaging modalities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Recovery of Tissue Optical Properties in the Spatial Frequency Domain Using Modulated Imaging (2005)

We demonstrate the ability of Modulated Imaging to linearly and accurately recover absorption and scattering optical properties from experiments on homogeneous turbid phantoms. Examples of in-vivo property mapping on human skin and rodent cortex are also presented.
Bypass of a hydrocarbon adduct in an oligonucleotide template mediated by mispairing adjacent to the adduct (1991)

The action of DNA polymerase (Sequenase Version 2.0) on an oligonucleotide template containing a 7-bromomethyl-benz[a]anthracene-deoxyadenosine adduct flanked by thymidine residues was investigated. The polymerase incorporated deoxyadenosine or deoxyguanosine residues opposite the thymidine 3' to the adduct with similar efficiencies. Whereas the normal A.T base pair led to arrest of polymerase progression along the template, formation of the G.T mismatch allowed incorporation of thymidine opposite the adduct and further primer extension. This mispair-mediated bypass was also seen with AMV reverse transcriptase and may represent a novel mechanism for overcoming the replication block of a bulky carcinogen--DNA adduct.
Inkjet Printing of Novel Wideband and High Gain Antennas on Low-Cost Paper Substrate (2012)

A complete characterization of the inkjet printing process using metallic nanoparticle inks on a paper substrate for microwave frequencies up to 12.5 GHz as well as its application to low-cost, high gain and wideband antenna design are demonstrated in this work. Laser and heat sintering of metallic nanoparticles are compared on paper substrate for the first time which demonstrate immense cost and time benefits of laser sintering. The antennas fabricated using the characterized process include a Vivaldi for the UWB band which exhibits a significantly higher gain of up to 8 dBi as compared to the currently published inkjet printed antennas, and a novel slow-wave log periodic dipole array which employs a new miniaturization technique to show 20% width reduction.