gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Exchange Envelope Penetration (LEEP) of Nanoparticles for Plant Engineering: A Universal Localization Mechanism (2016)

Nanoparticles offer clear advantages for both passive and active penetration into biologically important membranes. However, the uptake and localization mechanism of nanoparticles within living plants, plant cells, and organelles has yet to be elucidated.1 Here, we examine the subcellular uptake and kinetic trapping of a wide range of nanoparticles for the first time, using the plant chloroplast as a model system, but validated in vivo in living plants. Confocal visible and near-infrared fluorescent microscopy and single particle tracking of gold-cysteine-AF405 (GNP-Cys-AF405), streptavidin-quantum dot (SA-QD), dextran and poly(acrylic acid) nanoceria, and various polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), including lipid-PEG-SWCNT, chitosan-SWCNT and 30-base (dAdT) sequence of ssDNA (AT)15 wrapped SWCNTs (hereafter referred to as ss(AT)15-SWCNT), are used to demonstrate that particle size and the magnitude, but not the sign, of the zeta potential are key in determining whether a particle is spontaneously and kinetically trapped within the organelle, despite the negative zeta potential of the envelope. We develop a mathematical model of this lipid exchange envelope and penetration (LEEP) mechanism, which agrees well with observations of this size and zeta potential dependence. The theory predicts a critical particle size below which the mechanism fails at all zeta potentials, explaining why nanoparticles are critical for this process. LEEP constitutes a powerful particulate transport and localization mechanism for nanoparticles within the plant system.
Chlorine Removal from U.S. Solid Waste Blends through Torrefaction (2020)

The amount of solid waste generated annually is increasing around the world. Although the waste has a high calorific value, one major obstacle that may prevent it from becoming a feedstock for power applications is the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which causes corrosion and emission issues after combustion due to its high chlorine content. Torrefaction is known to release hydrochloric acid; thus, it has been applied in this study for the reduction of chlorine from potential waste feedstocks. Fiber-plastic (60–40%) waste blends, with different chlorine content levels, as well as PVC were used in the current study. Torrefaction was conducted at 400 °C. Chlorine and heat content were measured. Experimental results showed that organically bonded chlorine was reduced during torrefaction as a function of mass loss. The chlorine removal efficiency was only dependent on temperature and residence time, not chlorine level. The heat content of the sample increased with mass loss up to a maximum of ~34 MJ/kg at ~45% mass loss. It was also observed that at ~30% mass loss, the organic chlorine content per unit heat content reduced by ~90%, while the heat content was ~32 MJ/kg, and ~90% energy was retained.
Self-similarity and heavy tails: structural modeling of network traffic (1998)

High-resolution traffic measurements from modern communications networks provide unique opportunities for developing and validating mathematical models for aggregate traffic. To exploit these opportunities, we emphasize the need for structural models that take into account specific physical features of the underlying communication network structure. This approach is in sharp contrast to the traditional black box modeling methodology from time series analysis that ignores, in general, specific physical structures. We demonstrate, in particular, how the proposed structural modeling approach provides a direct link between the observed self-similarity characteristic of measured aggregate network traffic, and the strong empirical evidence in favor of heavy-tailed, infinite variance phenomena at the level of individual network connections. 1. Introduction Recent empirical studies of high-resolution traffic measurements from a variety of different working communication networks (e.g., see [L...
Induction of cell migration on synthetic polymer substrates through tailored cell-substrate matrix reciprocity (2003)

Limited epithelial cell migration on synthetic polymeric biomaterials, such as polyesters, presents a serious challenge to their use as scaffolds for artificial skin analogs. The mechanisms by which a physiologic matrix interface on such polymers may regulate and promote skin cell migration were the focus of this study. In vivo, the reepithelialization process, requiring the migration of epidermal keratinocyte cells across the wound bed, is central to wound healing. This migration process has been shown to be strongly influenced by a variety of extracellular matrix molecules, particularly collagen and fibronectin. Additionally, migration on synthetic polymers may also be influenced by intrinsic cellular remodeling events. The ability of synthetic biomaterials to activate cellular matrix remodeling and consequently promote keratinocyte migration, while currently untested, may present unique approaches to control and promote the kinetics of implant regeneration. In this study, the authors have quantified the migration behavior of epidermal keratinocytes on 50:50 poly D,L(lactide-glycolide) (PLGA) substrates, following exogenous and cell-derived substrate conditioning based on the model matrix proteins, collagen and fibronectin. The authors report that "non-conditioned" PLGA substrates elicited poor levels of keratinocyte migration, with a migration index of only 2.52/spl plusmn/.28 after 48 h.
Current animal models of hemophilia: the state of the art (2016)

Hemophilia is the most well-known hereditary bleeding disorder, with an incidence of one in every 5000 to 30,000 males worldwide. The disease is treated by infusion of protein products on demand and as prophylaxis. Although these therapies have been very successful, some challenging and unresolved tasks remain, such as reducing bleeding rates, presence of target joints and/or established joint damage, eliminating the development of inhibitors, and increasing the success rate of immune-tolerance induction (ITI). Many preclinical trials are carried out on animal models for hemophilia generated by the hemophilia research community, which in turn enable prospective clinical trials aiming to tackle these challenges. Suitable animal models are needed for greater advances in treating hemophilia, such as the development of better models for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of long-acting products, more powerful gene therapy vectors than are currently available, and successful ITI strategies. Mice, dogs, and pigs are the most commonly used animal models for hemophilia. With the advent of the nuclease method for genome editing, namely the CRISPR/Cas9 system, it is now possible to create animal models for hemophilia other than mice in a short period of time. This review presents currently available animal models for hemophilia, and discusses the importance of animal models for the development of better treatment options for hemophilia.
Generalized power versus efficiency characteristics of heat engines: The thermoelectric generator as an instructive illustration (1991)

The performance of real heat engines can be characterized by their power versus efficiency curves. Real heat engines with sources of irreversibility that include friction and heat leaks exhibit fundamentally different power versus efficiency curves than those predicted by many previous studies in the finite-time thermodynamics of endoreversible heat engines, in which finite-rate heat transfer was the only irreversibility considered. It is shown that the thermoelectric generator provides an instructive illustration of a cyclic, irreversible heat engine with a power versus efficiency curve that qualitatively reproduces the key features of the corresponding curves for real heat engines. The generic sources of irreversibility are easily identifiable and analytically expressed so as to reveal more transparently the basis for the power versus efficiency characteristic.
Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing (2004)

A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1/spl deg/, 3/spl deg/, and 5/spl deg/ look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5/spl deg/ LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions.
Preparation of superconducting oxide by sol-gel method. (1988)

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x fibers and coating films have been prepared using solgel method. Homogeneous viscous sol was prepared by concentrating an aqueous solution of metal acetates. Gel fibers of 5μm - 2 mm in diameter and of more than 50 cm in length could be drawn from the sol. Heat-treated fibers had a hollow structure and were fragile, but showed superconductivity of Tc(end) at 73 K. For preparation of YBa2Cu3O7-x coating films, metal alkoxide solution was prepared using triethanolamine to dissolve copper alkoxide. Repeated application of the solution on a zirconia substrate and heat treatment in O2 resulted in the formation of a superconducting coating film of 1.5 μm in thickness having Tc(end) at 56 K. Factors affecting the properties of the fibers and coating films have been discussed.
Wireless Moisture Sensor Using a Microstrip Antenna (2011)

A wireless moisture sensor has been developed on the basis of the backscatter characteristic of the microstrip antenna, which works in the far field without a battery. This study aims to develop a wireless sensor with a long communication distance and to apply the wireless applications, such as monitoring the moisture in the wrapped products and surface adsorption of hydrogen peroxide in the biological isolation systems. The dropwise addition of the distilled water on the cleaning tissue is clearly detected by the measurement of the backscattered power from the sensor at the frequencies of 0.954 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The ratio of the backscattered power in two frequency bands can be used as an index to measure moisture.
Towards the Full Model Selection in temporal databases by using micro-differential evolution. An empirical study (2015)

In this paper, an empirical comparison of four micro differential evolution variants to solve partial instances of the Full Model Selection (FMS) problem on time-series databases is presented. Two smoothing methods, three time-series representations, and one classifier, all of them with their corresponding parameters, are optimized by the evolutionary search. The study focuses on the effects of the crossover operator and the type of base vector used in the differential mutation. The four variants are tested in three experiments to analyze the final statistical results, the convergence behavior and the type of optimized model obtained. Six temporal databases with different features are solved. The results, which are statistically validated by using non-parametric tests, suggest that the four variants are able to provide competitive results. However, using the best vector in the current population, coupled with a binomial crossover, allow the micro differential evolution to reach better final results, while the opposite (base vector chosen at random and exponential crossover) help to find a good model with less solution evaluations in temporal databases whose models are very expensive to evaluate.
The full digital video camera system and simulation of its essential parameters (2003)

Describes a full digital video camera system. Advanced computer control methods and its essential parameters that are drawn out from the computer simulation, and well compromised to various demands in the consumer electronics field are described. The main stream of video signal processing used in consumer video cameras has been built up with an analogue signal processing technique. However, since some high quality picture formats are spreading, an investigation to improve picture quality by means of a digital signal processing technique is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decorrelation Methods of Texture Feature Extraction (1980)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a visual texture feature extraction method based on a stochastic field model of texture. Results of recent visual texture discrimination experiments are reviewed in order to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for texture features that are in agreement with human discrimination. A texture feature extraction technique involving autocorrelation function measurement of a texture field, combined with histogram representation of a statistically decorrelated version of the texture field, is introduced. The texture feature extraction method is evaluated in terms of a Bhattacharyya distance measure.
MicroRNA-30c promotes human adipocyte differentiation and co-represses<i>PAI-1</i>and<i>ALK2</i> (2011)

Obesity is characterized by excessive adipose tissue mass and associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. To fight obesity and its sequels, elucidating molecular events that govern adipocyte differentiation and function is of key importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding, regulatory RNAs that have been shown to regulate crucial cellular processes, including differentiation. Several studies have already assigned miRNAs to distinct functions in murine adipocyte differentiation but only a few studies did so for humans. Here, we investigated the function of miR-30c in human adipogenesis. miR-30c expression was increased during adipogenesis of human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells, and miR-30c overexpression enforced adipocyte marker gene induction and triglyceride accumulation. miRNA target prediction revealed two putative direct targets of miR-30c, PAI-1 (SERPINE1) and ALK2 (ACVR1, ACTRI), both inversely regulated to miR-30c during adipogenesis and responsive to miR-30c overexpression. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed PAI-1 and ALK2 as direct miR-30c targets. Moreover, reciprocal expression between miR-30c and PAI-1 could also be demonstrated in white adipose tissue of obesity mouse models, suggesting a potential physiological role of miR-30c for PAI-1 regulation in the obese state. Validating PAI-1 and ALK-2 as miR-30c mediators in adipogenesis revealed that not single silencing of PAI-1 or ALK2, but only co-silencing of both phenocopied the pro-adipogenic miR-30c effect. Thus, miR-30c can target two, so far not interconnected genes in distinct pathways, supporting the idea that miRNAs might coordinate larger regulatory networks than previously anticipated.
Degree courses in ceramic technology (1967)

Modern developments in the ceramic industries have called for more highly trained personnel for management, and for research and development. This article describes a sandwich course for a Council for National Academic Awards (C.N.A.A.) degree in ceramic technology, embracing as well the disciplines of physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Fluoride ion-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrosilanes. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects and an application to the threo-directed reduction of .alpha.-substituted alkanones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoride ion-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrosilanes. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects and an application to the threo-directed reduction of .alpha.-substituted alkanonesMakoto Fujita and Tamejiro HiyamaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 23, 5405–5415Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00258a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00258a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2611Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Injuries to peripheral nerves (2008)

Peripheral nerve injuries are common, disabling and difficult to treat. These injuries arise because nerve trunk anatomical pathways expose them to a variety of injury types, including both blunt and penetrating lesions. The injury type, in turn, has a major bearing on how nerves respond. There are unique and challenging attributes of nerve trauma biology that set the stage for subsequent regenerative activity. These attributes are examined in this chapter.
An Overview of Data Mining Algorithms in Drug Induced Toxicity Prediction (2014)

The growth in chemical diversity has increased the need to adjudicate the toxicity of different chemical compounds raising the burden on the demand of animal testing. The toxicity evaluation requires time consuming and expensive undertaking, leading to the deprivation of the methods employed for screening chemicals pointing towards the need to develop more efficient toxicity assessment systems. Computational approaches have reduced the time as well as the cost for evaluating the toxicity and kinetic behavior of any chemical. The accessibility of a large amount of data and the intense need of turning this data into useful information have attracted the attention towards data mining. Machine Learning, one of the powerful data mining techniques has evolved as the most effective and potent tool for exploring new insights on combinatorial relationships among various experimental data generated. The article accounts on some sophisticated machine learning algorithms like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-mean clustering and Self Organizing Maps (SOM) with some of the available tools used for classification, sorting and toxicological evaluation of data, clarifying, how data mining and machine learning interact cooperatively to facilitate knowledge discovery. Addressing the association of some commonly used expert systems, we briefly outline some real world applications to consider the crucial role of data set partitioning.
Introducción: actores y dinámicas de cambio en el Norte de África y Oriente Próximo Introducción (2015)

Este texto, primero, enmarca las investigaciones realizadas sobre cambio politico, uno de los principales ambitos de estudio para la politica comparada; centrandose en la region del Norte de Africa y Oriente Proximo, apenas analizada desde los comparativistas hasta la denominada Primavera Arabe. Asi, se carecia de marcos teoricos y metodologicos con los que abordar las experiencias de cambio politico abiertas en 2011 tras las revoluciones y protestas arabes. Segundo, examina el alcance democratizador de los procesos rupturistas y reformistas llevados a cabo en los sistemas politicos de la region, observando que las expectativas levantadas por la Primavera Arabe no se han cumplido, excepto en el caso de Tunez. Por ultimo, presenta y sistematiza los ocho articulos que reune el presente monografico, cuyo eje vertebrador son los actores y las dinamicas de cambio en la region.
Image enhancement methods and applications in computational photography (2013)

Computational photography is currently a rapidly developing and cutting-edge topic in applied optics, image sensors and image processing fields to go beyond the limitations of traditional photography. The innovations of computational photography allow the photographer not only merely to take an image, but also, more importantly, to perform computations on the captured image data. Good examples of these innovations include high dynamic range imaging, focus stacking, super-resolution, motion deblurring and so on. Although extensive work has been done to explore image enhancement techniques in each subfield of computational photography, attention has seldom been given to study of the image enhancement technique of simultaneously extending depth of field and dynamic range of a scene. In my dissertation, I present an algorithm which combines focus stacking and high dynamic range (HDR) imaging in order to produce an image with both extended depth of field (DOF) and dynamic range than any of the input images. In this dissertation, I also investigate super-resolution image restoration from multiple images, which are possibly degraded by large motion blur. The proposed algorithm combines the super-resolution problem and blind image deblurring problem in a unified framework. The blur kernel for each input image is separately estimated. I also do not make any restrictions on the motion fields among images; that is, I estimate dense motion field without simplifications such as parametric motion. While the proposed super-resolution method uses multiple images to enhance spatial resolution from multiple regular images, single image super-resolution is related to techniques of denoising or removing blur from one single captured image. In my dissertation, space-varying point spread function (PSF) estimation and image deblurring for single image is also investigated. Regarding the PSF estimation, I do not make any restrictions on the type of blur or how the blur varies spatially. Once the space-varying PSF is estimated, space-varying image deblurring is performed, which produces good results even for regions where it is not clear what the correct PSF is at first. I also bring image enhancement applications to both personal computer (PC) and Android platform as computational photography applications.
Type-II InAs/GaSb/AlSb superlattice-based heterojunction phototransistors: back to the future (2018)

Most of reported HPTs in literatures are based on InGaAs compounds that cover NIR spectral region. However, InGaAs compounds provide limited cut-off wavelength tunability. In contrast, type-II superlattices (T2SLs) are a developing new material system with intrinsic advantages such as great flexibility in bandgap engineering, low growth and manufacturing cost, high-uniformity, auger recombination suppression, and high carrier effective mass that are becoming an attractive candidate for infrared detection and imaging from short-wavelength infrared to very long wavelength infrared regime. We present the recent advancements in T2SL-based heterojunction phototransistors in e– SWIR, MWIR and LWIR spectral ranges. A mid-wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistor based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. Then, we present the effect of vertical scaling on the optical and electrical performance of heterojunction phototransistors, where the performance of devices with different base width was compared as the base was scaled from 60 down to 40 nm.