gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sponge Transgenic Mouse Model Reveals Important Roles for the MicroRNA-183 (miR-183)/96/182 Cluster in Postmitotic Photoreceptors of the Retina (2011)

MicroRNA-183 (miR-183), miR-96, and miR-182 comprising the miR-183/96/182 cluster are highly expressed in photoreceptor cells. Although in vitro data have indicated an important role for this cluster in the retina, details of its in vivo biological activity are still unknown. To observe the impact of the miR-183/96/182 cluster on retinal maintenance and light adaptation, we generated a sponge transgenic mouse model that disrupted the activities of the three-component microRNAs simultaneously and selectively in the retina. Although our morphological and functional studies showed no differences between transgenic and wild type mice under normal laboratory lighting conditions, sponge transgenic mice displayed severe retinal degeneration after 30 min of exposure to 10,000 lux light. Histological studies showed that the outer nuclear layer thickness was dramatically reduced in the superior retina of transgenic mice. Real time PCR experiments in both the sponge transgenic mouse model and different microRNA stable cell lines identified Arrdc3, Neurod4, and caspase-2 (Casp2) as probable downstream targets of this cluster, a result also supported by luciferase assay and immunoblotting analyses. Further studies indicated that expression of both the cluster and Casp2 increased in response to light exposure. Importantly, Casp2 expression was enhanced in transgenic mice, and inhibition of Casp2 partially rescued their light-induced retinal degeneration. By connecting the microRNA and apoptotic pathways, these findings imply an important role for the miR-183/96/182 cluster in acute light-induced retinal degeneration of mice. This study demonstrates a clear involvement of miRs in the physiology of postmitotic cells in vivo.
Evaluation of RTK-OTF positioning system for free running manoeuvrability test of a model ship (2002)

A free running model test using the real-time-kinematic on-the-fly (RTK-OTF) mode in GPS was carried out in a 80-by-80 meter square basin. This positioning system consists of three GPS receivers, one radio link and an onboard personal computer for data storage. One GPS receiver was located on the shore as a base station which transmits reference data every 1.0 second and two others were on the model ship as mobile stations which produce fore and aft position data every 0.2 seconds (5 Hz) or 1.0 seconds (1 Hz) selectively. An ultrasonic positioning system was also used for comparison to discuss the accuracy and reliability of the GPS data. Fixed point observations proved that GPS 1 Hz and 5 Hz data had an accuracy of about 0.4 cm and 4.0 cm horizontal RMS respectively. On the other hand, it was observed that error of constant length measurement between the fore and aft GPS antennas which is one of indices to measure accuracy under moving conditions did not exceed /spl plusmn/4 cm for GPS 5 Hz positioning and /spl plusmn/1 cm for GPS 1 Hz positioning. Manoeuvrability characteristics such as speed, yaw rate, drift angle and yaw angle during free running tests were also calculated using fore and aft position data and are confirmed to have sufficient accuracy. Noise sources in the GPS 5 Hz data and their properties are also discussed.
Downlink resource allocation in OFDMA wireless networks under power amplifier non‐linearity (2017)

In this study, the physical layer resource allocation in orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDMA) systems is studied by considering the non‐linear effects of power amplifier (PA). The non‐linearity produces cross‐correlation among the subcarriers and results in deteriorating the OFDMA subcarriers orthogonality. Hence, the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) of the output signal of PA for OFDMA signal with different power scaling factors for subcarriers is derived. Then, the theoretical SIR is verified by simulation result. Next, the optimisation problem is designed to maximise the total achievable downlink rate of all users by assigning subcarriers and power scaling factors. This non‐convex problem is solved by comprehensive learning particle swarm optimisation. The simulation results show that when PA is non‐linear, better total rate is achieved by considering non‐linearity in resource allocation compared with the conventional resource allocation techniques.
A Meiolaniid Turtle from the Pleistocene of Northern Queensland (1990)

Three born cores and a caudal vertebra of a meiolaniid turtle were found in Unit A of the Late Pleistocene Wyandotte Formation (between 45,000 and approximately 200,000 ybp) of northern Queensland, The recurved horn cores are yery similar to those of Meiolania platyceps of Lord Howe Island, except in size, The Wyandotte cores are more than (twice as large as the Lord Howe cores and seem to indicate an animal ahout the same size as Mefolania oweni from the Late Pleistocene of southern Queensland.However, Meiolania oweni differs in having straight, flat horn cores, and the Wyandotte meiolaniid is tentatively identified as Mefolaniacf.M.
Routing Exploiting Multiple Heterogeneous Wireless Interfaces: A TCP Performance Study (2006)

This paper proposes a routing scheme that exploits multiple heterogeneous wireless interfaces: a primary 802.11a interface and a secondary 802.11b (or 802.11) interface. In normal conditions, a TCP flow uses a primary path over the 802.11a interface discovered by a reactive routing protocol. But in presence of route breakage due to node mobility, it resorts to its backup path over the 802.11b interface which is already maintained by a proactive routing protocol and is being used for delivery of other packets. The secondary interface exhibits different property than the primary interface (i.e., slower rate but larger transmission range), which helps keep TCP flows alive and preserve the TCP window size, thereby making them more robust to route breakage induced by mobility, ns-2 implementation and experiments reveal several potential benefits of the proposed routing scheme
Design considerations for high-speed internetworking among compute blades within a blade server chassis (2004)

The next generation of compute servers is going to be based on clusters of compute blades integrated within a common chassis The integration of advanced networking functions within the chassis promises to simplify the deployment of servers on a large scale by eliminating the need to deploy external inter-network devices on a one-to-one basis (e.g., one or more network ports per server). This paper examines the internetworking requirements for incorporating several very high-speed and redundant communication links on a common midplane for the interconnection of compute blades within the chassis and to the external network infrastructure.
Binaphthyl‐Based Dicationic Peptoids with Therapeutic Potential (2009)

Superbugs stalled! Two newly designed synthetic dicationic peptoids (see one example; red O, blue N, green Cl) show promising in vitro bactericidal activity against a range of Gram-positive pathogens, including organisms resistant to vancomycin, methicillin, and linezolid, with only slow development of resistance. Moreover their potency is maintained in vivo. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Resuscitation of Vibrio vulnificus from the Viable but Nonculturable State (1997)

Like many other gram-negative bacteria, the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus is induced into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state by incubation at low temperatures. The ability of any bacterium to resuscitate from this dormant state would appear to be essential if the VBNC state is truly a survival strategy. The question as to whether the culturable cells which appear following removal of the inducing stress are a result of true resuscitation or of regrowth of a few residual culturable cells has long been debated. V. vulnificus was examined for its ability to resuscitate from this state following a temperature upshift. Several lines of investigation, including dilution studies, determination of the time necessary for appearance of a culturable population, and the effects of nutrient on recovery, all indicated that, at least for V. vulnificus, true resuscitation does occur. Our studies further suggest that nutrient is in some way inhibitory to the resuscitation of cells in the VBNC state and that studies which add nutrient in an attempt to detect resuscitation are able to detect only residual culturable cells which might be present and which were not inhibited by the added nutrient.
Charge transfer by surface acoustic waves on a monolithic MIS structure (1978)

We have observed the minority-charge signal transferred by surface acoustic waves (SAW) on a monolithic MIS structure. In the Al/ZnO/SiO2/p-Si system, we have made new improvements on the configuration of input and output gates and the channel-stop bias ring along the transfer path, and on the method to prepare the deep-depletion mode by applying the pulse bias at the transfer channel. This type of charge-transfer device by SAW (monolithic SAW-CTD) seems to have some advantages compared with the separated-medium type so far examined.
Simulation of natural scenes using textured quadric surfaces (1984)

Because of the high complexity of the real world, realistic simulation of natural scenes is very costly in computation. The topographical subtlety of common natural features such as trees and clouds remains a stumbling block to cost-effective computer modeling. A new scene model, composed of quadric surfaces bounded with planes and overlaid with texturing, provides an efficient and effective means of representing a wide range, of natural features. The new model provides a compact and functional data base which minimizes the number of scene elements. Efficient hidden surface algorithms for quadric surfaces bounded by planes are included. A mathematical texturing function represents natural surface detail in a statistical manner. Techniques have been developed to simulate natural scenes with the artistic efficiency of an impressionist painter.
High-resolution CT-derived measures of lung density are valid indexes of interstitial lung disease (1994)

To assess the validity of computer-assisted methods in analyzing the lung parenchyma imaged with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), we compared computer-derived estimates of lung density to other, more traditional, measures of parenchymal injury in 24 subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 60 subjects with extensive occupational exposure to asbestos. Gray scale density histograms were constructed from the HRCT images. The gray scale histogram of both study groups was of a skewed unimodal distribution. However, compared with the asbestos-exposed subjects, the patients with IPF had a gray scale distribution that was significantly shifted to the right (greater density) and flatter. In a multivariate analysis, after controlling for age and cigarette smoking, we found that the mean and median gray scale densities were independently associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe dyspnea, a higher International Labour Office chest X-ray category, a lower forced vital capacity, and a higher concentration of macrophages and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These factors accounted for > 70% of the variance of the mean and median gray scale densities. Interestingly, no differences in gray scale density measures were noted between patients with IPF and patients with asbestosis when these other factors were taken into account. Our results suggest that computer-derived density analysis of the lung parenchyma on the HRCT scan is a valid, clinically meaningful, and objective measure of interstitial lung disease.
Monosaccharide mit Stickstoff im Ring, XXXVIII. Synthese des α‐<scp>L</scp>‐Fucosidase‐Inhibitors 1,5‐Didesoxy‐1,5‐imino‐<scp>L</scp>‐fucit und einiger seiner Derivate (1988)

Abstract 2‐Azido‐2‐desoxy‐ D ‐galactopyranose ( 1 ) läßt sich mit 1,3‐Propandithiol in das offenkettige Dithioacetal 2 überführen, aus dem über 5 und 6 2‐Azido‐3,4,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐2‐desoxy‐6‐ O ‐(methylsulfonyl)‐ D ‐galactose‐trimethylendithioacetal ( 9 ) erhältlich ist. Dieses läßt sich mit Triphenylphosphan zum Piperidinderivat 10 cyclisieren. Hieraus ist nach Reduktion und Entblockierung 1,5‐Didesoxy‐1,5‐imino‐ L ‐fucit ( 16 ) erhältlich. Die am Ringstickstoff von 16 gespacerten Verbindungen 13 und 18 wurden dargestellt.
Blurred vision from ipratropium bromide inhalation (1999)

Journal Article Blurred vision from ipratropium bromide inhalation Get access Kristin M. Kizer, Pharm.D., Kristin M. Kizer, Pharm.D. Pharmacy Practice Resident Veterans Affairs Medical Center 1310 24th Avenue South Nashville, TN 37212-2637 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Todd Bess, Pharm.D., BCPS, David Todd Bess, Pharm.D., BCPS Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator and Director of Drug Information Veterans Affairs Medical Center 1310 24th Avenue South Nashville, TN 37212-2637 bess.david_t@nashville.va.gov Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nancy K. Bedford, GNP Nancy K. Bedford, GNP Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Veterans Affairs Medical Center 1310 24th Avenue South Nashville, TN 37212-2637 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 56, Issue 9, 1 May 1999, Page 914, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/56.9.914a Published: 01 May 1999
Functional and topological characteristics of mammalian regulatory domains (2014)

Long-range regulatory interactions play an important role in shaping gene-expression programs. However, the genomic features that organize these activities are still poorly characterized. We conducted a large operational analysis to chart the distribution of gene regulatory activities along the mouse genome, using hundreds of insertions of a regulatory sensor. We found that enhancers distribute their activities along broad regions and not in a gene-centric manner, defining large regulatory domains. Remarkably, these domains correlate strongly with the recently described TADs, which partition the genome into distinct self-interacting blocks. Different features, including specific repeats and CTCF-binding sites, correlate with the transition zones separating regulatory domains, and may help to further organize promiscuously distributed regulatory influences within large domains. These findings support a model of genomic organization where TADs confine regulatory activities to specific but large regulatory domains, contributing to the establishment of specific gene expression profiles.
Optical Detection of Chloramphenicol Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1997)

A practical optical sensing system for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP), utilizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and HPLC, has been developed. The method is based on competitive displacement of a chloramphenicol-methyl red (CAP-MR) dye conjugate from specific binding cavities in an imprinted polymer by the analyte. The best of these polymers was obtained using (diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate as functional monomer at a monomer:template ratio of 2:1. HPLC with a mobile phase containing CAP-MR was used as the detection system, and injection of CAP and, to a lesser degree, thiamphenicol resulted in proportional displacement of the conjugate, which was detected at 460 nm. The detection system showed a linear response over a range of 3-1000 μg/mL and effectively detected CAP extracted from serum. This system offers a tailor-made, selective, and rapid method for CAP detection, is able to discriminate between similar molecules, and is effective below and above the therapeutic range (10-20 μg/mL serum, potentially toxic above 25 μg/mL). This technique is quite general and should enable the use of MIPs in a wide variety of applications involving the detection of families of molecules which possess a distinct arrangement of functional groups.
Photoenhanced reactive ion etching of III–V nitrides in BCl3/Cl2/Ar/N2 plasmas (1999)

Gallium nitride (GaN) and boron nitride (BN) are known as superior semiconductor materials for UV optoelectronic and high power, high temperature applications. As a result of their high molecular bond strength these materials are extremely difficult to etch. In this article, reactive ion etching (RIE) tests were performed on GaN and BN thin films using respectively BCl3/Cl2/Ar and Cl2/Ar chemistries. In order to improve the etch rates at lower rf powers and thus reduce ion bombardment-induced damage, a photoassisted RIE process was investigated. The same plasma chemistries in combination with a xenon arc lamp were utilized. In an attempt to minimize surface nitrogen depletion, N2 was used instead of Ar as dilution gas. Photoenhancement was observed for both GaN and BN etching. As expected, the etch rate increased with rf power for both unassisted and photoassisted etching conditions. The combination of illumination and N2 led to a nitrogen-rich surface for GaN. In the case of BN, photoassisted etching in Ar resulted in a slightly lower surface nitrogen depletion. Chlorine was also detected on both etched GaN and BN films under illumination at a content of less than 1.7% and 2.5%, respectively.
Augmentation of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity by lentinan. (1994)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity stimulated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and/or lentinan was examined in the peripheral blood of 9 healthy subjects and 7 cancer patients. After 4 and 8 days culture, LAK killer activity stimulated by IL-2 and lentinan against autologous tumor and K562 cells was greater than that stimulated by IL-2 alone. The optimal concentration of lentinan for the generation of killer cells ranged from 25-500 ng/ml, a level which can be achieved in vivo by the administration of clinical doses of this agent. The expression of CD25 antigen, the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor on the activated killer cells was increased by lentinan. Thus it was shown that LAK cells stimulated with IL-2 plus lentinan had strong cytotoxicity and might be useful as effector cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Hormonal manipulation of meningiomas in vitro (1986)

Speculation that meningiomas are subject to endocrine influence is supported by their higher incidence in women, reports of exacerbation of symptoms during pregnancy, and the discovery that these tumors harbor progesterone- and estrogen-binding proteins. To evaluate if these properties could be exploited therapeutically, specimens from three convexity meningiomas were used for estrogen- and progesterone-binding protein assays and establishment of tissue cultures. Each tumor (designated A, B, and C, respectively) was grown in experimental media containing 7.5 X 10(-5) to 10(-12) M 17 beta-estradiol, 2.5 X 10(-4) to 10(-12) M progesterone, 10(-7) to 10(-9) M tamoxifen (an estrogen antagonist), and 10(-6) to 10(-10) M RU486 (a progesterone antagonist). After incubation, cell growth was compared to control preparations by counting the meningioma cells present in each medium. Tumors A, B, and C contained estrogen-binding proteins of 8.45, 13.6, and 26.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein and progesterone-binding proteins of 210, 130, and 126 fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively. The media containing 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone caused 21% to 36% growth stimulation in Tumors A and B. In Tumor A, the addition of tamoxifen stimulated growth by 35%, while it caused only transient stimulation in Tumor B and had no effect on Tumor C. RU486, the progesterone antagonist, caused inhibition of cell growth in all three tumors, ranging from 18% to 36%. These data suggest that selected meningiomas are subject to hormonal influence in vitro. The inhibition of meningioma growth in vitro by the antiprogesterone, RU486, has not been previously reported, and serves to encourage further development of alternative modes of therapy for recurrent and unresectable meningiomas.
Rotation-invariant multi-contrast non-local means for MS lesion segmentation (2015)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion segmentation is crucial for evaluating disease burden, determining disease progression and measuring the impact of new clinical treatments. MS lesions can vary in size, location and intensity, making automatic segmentation challenging. In this paper, we propose a new supervised method to segment MS lesions from 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images using non-local means (NLM). The method uses a multi-channel and rotation-invariant distance measure to account for the diversity of MS lesions. The proposed segmentation method, rotation-invariant multi-contrast non-local means segmentation (RMNMS), captures the MS lesion spatial distribution and can accurately and robustly identify lesions regardless of their orientation, shape or size. An internal validation on a large clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset of MS patients demonstrated a good similarity measure result (Dice similarity = 60.1% and sensitivity = 75.4%), a strong correlation between expert and automatic lesion load volumes (R(2) = 0.91), and a strong ability to detect lesions of different sizes and in varying spatial locations (lesion detection rate = 79.8%). On the independent MS Grand Challenge (MSGC) dataset validation, our method provided competitive results with state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods. Qualitative visual and quantitative voxel- and lesion-wise evaluations demonstrated the accuracy of RMNMS method.
Low NOx firing technology of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (1996)

This paper presents super low NO{sub x} combustion technologies successfully developed by MHI (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) and its use in practice. PM (Pollution Minimum) burners directly reduce NO{sub x} from the burners themselves and MACT (Mitsubishi Advanced Combustion Technology) system, an in-furnace NO{sub x} removal system, reduces NO{sub x} generated from the main burners within the boiler. These firing systems are applicable to coal, oil, gas and also to other exotic fuels like Orimulsion or CWM (Coal Water Mixture). MRS (Mitsubishi Rotary Separator) mills minimizes unburnt carbon with its reliable ultra-fine grinding of coal and hence contribute to low NO{sub x}. These technologies have been applied in various combinations to 227 boilers for both new installation and retrofit jobs. Large 1,000 MWe oil or gas fired boilers and 700 MWe coal fired boilers have been put into commercial use, and a 1,000 MWe coal fired boiler is under commissioning. The technologies have been applied to small sized boilers for industrial use as well. All the delivered systems have been working both domestic and overseas to the customers` satisfaction.